IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO DYEING ANILINE COLORS〃
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Law Heppenstall, Junior, of Milnsbridge near Huddersfield
in the County of York, Manufacturer for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
APPLICABLE TO DYEING ANILINE COLORS
〃
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Law Heppenstall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th November 1882.
LAW HEPPENSTALL, Junior, of Milnsbridge near Huddersfield in the County of
York, Manufacturer "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO DYEING ANILINE COLORS
"
The object of my Invention is to fix or fasten aniline coloring matter upon
wool, hanks of yarn, or woven pieces.
In practice it is found impossible to fix or fasten aniline colors upon fibrous
materials; especially is this observable when the dyed material is manufactured
into a piece and undergoes the process of "Milling." The process of milling woven
goods when aniline colors have been employed always reduces the brilliancy of the
colors.
To obviate this I introduce into the dye bath a mordant composed of alum,
redargol and fustic, which I find fixes or fastens the color upon fibrous materials,
the brilliancy of which is not reduced by the milling process, but is maintained
throughout all the processes of manufacture.
The mordant may be put into the bath either with the aniline color or it may
be put in separately.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Law Heppenstall in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th May
1883.
LAW HEPPENSTALL, Junior of Milnsbridge near Huddersfield in the County of
York, Manufacturer "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO DYEING ANILINE COLORS
"
The object of my Invention is to fix or fasten aniline coloring matter upon wool,
hanks of yarn, or woven pieces composed of animal fibre.
In practice it is found impossible to fix or fasten aniline colors upon such fibrous
materials; especially is this observed when the dyed material is manufactured
into a "piece" and undergoes the process of "milling." The process of milling
woven goods when aniline colors have been employed, considerably reduces the
brilliancy of the colors.
To obviate this I introduce into the dye bath a mordant of alum, redargol or
fustic, which I find fixes or fastens aniline color upon animal fibrous materials, the
brilliancy of which is not reduced by the milling or washing process, but is
maintained throughout all the processes of manufacture.
The proportions of alum, redargol or fustic to be used as a fastening medium
will vary according to the material to be operated upon, and especially of the shade
intended to be produced.
In practice I find the following baths to answer very well-viz-Example 1.
When dyeing either wool or silk aniline green, I introduce 15 oz of water into a
porcelain vessel and raise it to about 160° Far, then add 3 grains of green crystals
and boil 5 minutes. Then add drachm of wool and boil 15 minutes. After this
latter process add firstly-9 grains of argol and secondly add 3 grains of alum and
boil together 10 minutes. If the green is required to have a yellow tint with it, say
pea green, add a little fustic into the bath and the required shade will be obtained.
The alum, redargol or fustic may be put into the bath along with the dye or
separately.
Example 2. When dyeing orange colors I place 15 oz of water into a porcelain
vessel and raise it to about 160° Far-then add 6 grains of orange dye and boil
5 minutes afterwards add drachm of wool or silk fibre and boil 15 minutes.
This done add firstly 3 grains of argol and secondly add 3 grains of alum and boil
together 10 minutes.
In examples both 1 and 2 the same result can be obtained and the color fixed
upon the fibre if redargol is omitted and 6 grains of alum introduced instead.
Example 3. When dyeing yellow, I place 15 oz of water into a porcelain vessel
and raise it to about 160° Far, then add 6 grains of yellow dye and boil 5 minutes
afterwards, add drachm of wool or silk fibre and boil 15 minutes. This done
add firstly, 3 grains of argol, and secondly 3 grains of alum and a little fustic
and boil together 10 minutes.
Having now described the nature of my Invention and the manner of putting
the same into practice I would have it understood that I do not confine myself to
the amount of ingredients herein named as they may be varied according to
circumstances and opinion of the persons in charge of the bath, but what I consider
new and claim as my Invention is―
When dyeing aniline colors, the application in addition to the dyeing ingredient,

page_text: of alum, redargol or fustic used either separately or combined for the purpose of
fastening or fixing the said colors upon animal fibre, substantially as herein
described.
In witness whereof I the said Law Heppenstall Junior have hereunto set
my hand and seal this twenty eighth day of May in the year of our Lord,
One thousand eight hundred and eighty three.
LAW HEPPENSTALL JUNIOR (L.S.)