METHOD OF APPLYING THE ES
Year: 1898

page_text: I, GARIBALDI HERBERT, of 9, Princes Road, Tivoli, Cheltenham, Joiner and
Draughtsman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In connection with the construction of casements I make the bottom rail with a
centre-pin joint, Fig. 1, Sheet. 1, & Fig. 4, Sheet 2, running through its entire
length. The object of the said joint, is to make the bottom rail of casement, and
the cill of its frame, fit together in the same manner as the bottom rails and cills of
sliding windows, & at the same time to allow an outwardly opening casement to
open inwardly. The joint may be applied to the top rail of a casement; but, this
would necessitate the said top rail being nearly 4" wide, B, Fig. 1, Sheet 1, I therefore
make the following arrangement :-I rabbet the inner side of the rail making the said
rabbet about " in each direction. In the angle of the said rabbet I make a groove
which is to receive a tongue worked on a strip of wood D, Fig. 2, Sheet 1, which fits
a groove E, Fig. 2, Sheet 1, in the head of casement frame, & also fills the rabbet
in the top rail of casement. On the ends of the filling-strip I work tongues, which
rest on the shoulders of the stiles of casement frame. When it is required to open the
casement inwardly, the filling-strip must be pushed up flush with the under side of the
head of casement frame, A, Fig. 2, Sheet 1.
I use that modification of my hinge, mentioned in (Claim 7.) Patent No. 24,503,
(1896) vie. That modified construction of that portion of the apparatus, herein-
before descrihed, and shown on plan at B, in Fig. 4, of the Provisional drawings,
where, shutter and knuckle No. 3, is left out of the apparatus, leaving a plain solid
shutter."
METHOD OF APPLYING THE HINGES.
I rabbet the hanging stile of casement :-In length, from the under side of lower
hinge to the top side of the upper hinge; in thickness, about ", and in width,
graduating from, about 1" to nearly a feather's edge on the outside angle of the
stile. I fasten an oak, or other hardwood strip C, Figs. 3 & 4, Sheet 1, to the flanges
of the hinges, making the said strip of wood to fit the rabbet in the hanging stile. I
fasten shutter No. 2 S. 2, Figs. 3 & 4, Sheet 1, of the hinges into the rabbet of the
casement, and shutter No. 1, S. 1, of the same Figs. into the rabbet of casement frame.
I fasten one or more screw face plates into the rabbet of the hanging stile, and screw
fasteners F, Fig. 3, Sheet 1, pass through the strip of wood into the face plates.
Instead of a wood strip, a metal one may be used. Instead of using my patent hinge,
the casement may be made reversible by using butt hinges as follows:---I groove the
rabbet of the hanging stile of casement frame to about 1" deep, and in width, the
thickness of the casement, into this groove 1 fit a strip of oak or other hard-wood C,
Price 8d7

page_text: I
Fig. 1, Sheet 2 which I binge in one of two ways:-1st. I hinge the strip of wood to
the rabbet projection of the hanging stile of casement frame, so that the centre of
knuckles is in the plane of the inner edge of casement frame B, Fig. 1, Sheet 2.
then hinge the casement to the outer edge of the wood strip A, Fig. 1, Sheet 2. 2nd. I
hinge the wood strip on its outer edge to the casement frame, A, Fig. 2, Sheet 2, and
the inner to the casement B, Fig. 2, Sheet 2. The strip of wood must be fastened to
the stile of casement by the use of screw face-plates F P, Fig. 2, Sheet 2, and screw-
fasteners F, Fig. 2, Sheet 2, this applies to the 2nd case. In the 1st case the strip of
wood D, Fig. 2, Sheet 1, which fits into the groove E, Fig. 2, Sheet 1, in the head of
casement frame will hold the strip of wood C, Fig. 1, Sheet 2, (which fits into the
groove of stile of casement frame) in its place. It will be seen that in the 1st case,
the strip is fixed to the frame, in the 2nd to the casement.
1"
In order that my said invention may be more readily understood I will now pro-
ceed to describe the same with reference to the drawings accompanying this Speci-
fication, in which Fig. 1, Sheet. 1, shews sectional elevation of centre-pin joint as
applied to top and bottom rails, E is the centre-pin metal plate which should be from
"" thick, A is the bottom rail of casement, B is the lower bottom rail which turns
on the centre-pin until it is at right angles to the casement as shown by the dotted
lines F. C is the cill of casement frame, these remarks apply to the lower half of
Fig. with regard to the upper half, A is the top rail of casement frame, C
the top rail of casement, E the centre-pin plate, B the upper top rail, and D the joint.
Fig. 2 shews sectional elevation of top rail of casement rabbeted with filling-in strip,
A is the top rail of casement frame, B the top rail of casement, D, the filling-in strip,
and E the groove which is made deep enough to allow the filling-in strip to be pushed
up level with the under side of the top rail of casement frame. Fig. 3 shews the plan of
casement when open outwardly, J is the stile of casement frame, $ 1 is shutter No. 1
of the hinge screwed into the rabbet of the stile of casement frame, S 2 is
shutter No. 2 of the hinge screwed into the rabbet of the stile of casement, C is the
oak strip which fits the the said rabbet in the stile of casement, which said strip is
fixed to the flanges of the hinges by means of screws as shown in the figure, F is the
head of screw-fastener which screws the oak strip to the stile of casement, G is a
centre-bit hole to receive the head of screw-fastener. Fig. 4 shews the plan of case-
ment open inwardly, the reference letters are the same as in Fig. 3 excepting B
which shews the lower bottom rail turned round as at F in the lower half of Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 shews the sectional elevation of centre-pin joint applied to an inwardly opening
casement, the reference letters are the same as in the lower half of Fig. 1.
*Fig. 1, Sheet 2, shews the plan of casement hung with butt hinges, J is the stile of
casement frame, C is the oak strip which is hinged to the stile of casement by the
flanges G and H of the hinge A the said oak strips is hinged to the casement
frame by the flanges of the hinge B the flanges being F and Fl. Fig. 2 shews
another way of using butt hinges, in this case the oak strip C is fixed to the stile of
casement by the flanges H and I of the hinge and to the casement frame by the
Hanges E and D of the hinge A. FP is the screw face plate fixed into the edge of
casement stile F is the screw fastener which passes through the oak strip into the
said face plate, G is a centre-bit hole to receive the head of fastener, K is a curve cut
in the edge of rabbet to allow the knuckle of the hinge to move out. Fig. 3 shews
the casement Fig. 2 turned inwards, the reference letters are the same as in Fig. 2
excepting that the screw fastener is not shown and that B shews the lower bottom
rail turned round as at F in the lower half of Fig. 1, Sheet 1, Fig. 4 shews a sectio!
'through the bottom rail of casement (or centre-pin joint) and the cill of its frame.
A is the bottom rail of casement which is worked off at an angle 45° from E to H
'and from I it is chamfered to meet the bevel E H near the angle a groove' D is made
to receive a tongue worked on the lower bottom rail as shown in the figure, on the
'lower bottom rail a round is worked finishing in the small chamfer G which is
The bottom rail A as to be worked so that it will receive
bottom rail B. T is a groove to check the water, and C the
Fig. 5 shews a joint that may be used in place of the centre
at right angles to E H.
the bead F on the lower
eill of casement frame.

page_text: pin joint, 'A is the bottom rail of casement, F S the lower bottom rail' B and T water-
check grooves and C the cill of casement frame.
10 hereby declare the nature of this
an II WIG ter the same is two De
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
In connexion with the construction of wood casements I make the bottom rails
with centre-pin weather-check joints (see Fig. 1 Sheet 1, & Fig. 4 Sheet 2 of the
Provisional Specification drawings, and Fig. 4, of the Complete Specification
drawings) by this means the lower portion of the bottom rails can be turned round
at right angles, so that it will clear the sill of the casement frame, see the dotted
line F, Fig. 1, Sheet 1, of the Provisional drawings. The head of casement
frame I fit with a rising and falling tongue which is made to fit the top rail of
casement, (see Fig. 2, Sheet 1, of the provisional drawings) by this arrangeinent the
said tongue can be pushed up level with the under side of the head of the frame so
as to allow the top rail of casement to clear.
HINGES FOR CASEMENTS.
I use that modification of my hinge, mentioned in (Claim 7) Patent No. 24503,
1896 viz. "That modified construction of that portion of the apparatus hereinbefore
described and shown on plan at B, in Fig. 4 of the Provisional 'drawings and again in
Fig. 2, Sheet 2, of the Complete Specification drawings, where shuttle and knuckle
No. 3, is left out of the apparatus, leaving a plain solid shutter."
METHOD OF USING THE HINGES.
1st. I groove the hanging jamb of casement frame the thickness of the casement,
and in depth, the distance from the centre of knuckle No. 2, to the back of the flange
of the hinge, that is, about:"; this groove must also be sunk for the iron bar B, (see
Fig. 1, No. 1, of the Complete Specification drawings) which is fixed to a pair of the
hinges, I fasten S 2 into the outer side of the groove and flush with the said side.
The centre of K 2, should coincide with the edge of the jamb. I fasten shutters No. 1,
of the pair of hinges, to the hanging stile of casement. A screw-fastening F,' is 'used
to fix the iron bar B, to the stile of casement when in ordinary use, and when it is
required to reverse the casement for cleaning, it must be taken out, and the casement
can then be revolved on the inner knuckle. By the application of the hinges' in the
manner described the hanging stiles of casements are made weather-proof, and the
knuckles of the hinges on the inner side of casement do not show, when the said
casement is closed.
2nd. I rabbet the hanging jamb of casement frame in the usual manner, the depth
of the rabbet being the distance from the edge of knuckle No. 2, to the back of the
flange, shown on. plan at Fig. 2, of the Complete Specification drawings. A bead is
worked on the angle of the rabbet to coincide with K 2, (see plan). I fix a' iron bar: B,
to the inner side of a pair of the hinges, S 2, I fix to the hanging stile of casement,
and $ 1, to the casement frame. A screw fastening F, may be used to hold the: iron
bar B, to the stile of casement when in ordinary use. Centre-bit hole G, must be

page_text: bored in the rabbet to receive the head of the screw fastening; this applies to the
1st case as well.
3rd. I rabbet the hanging jamb of casement frame in the usual manner and sink
the said rabbet to take the iron har B, (see plan Fig. 3, of the Complete Specification
drawings) which is fixed to the back side of a pair of the hinges, S 2, I fix to the
inner side of the rabbet of the hanging jamb, and S 1, to the hanging stile of case-
ment. A screw fastening F, may be used to hold the iron bar B, to the jamb of the
casement frame. A centre-bit hole must be made in the hanging stile of casement to
receive the head of screwfastening. In place of the iron bar B, used in Fig. 2 Com-
plete Specification drawings, a wood strip may be used to connect a pair of the hinges
together, as shown on plan Figs. 3 and 4 Sheet 1, Provisional drawings. Casements
may be made reversible by using butt hinges instead of my patent ones. I groove
the hanging jamb of casement frame to about " deep, and in width, not less than
the thickness of the casement, into this groove I fit a strip of wood, (shown on plan
at C, Figs. 1, 2, and 3, Sheet. 2, Provisional drawings) which I hinge in one of two
ways1st. I binge the strip of wood to the rabbet projection of the casement frame,
(see F, and F 1, Sheet 2,) and so that the knuckles B, of the hinges shall have their
centres in the plane of the inner edge of casement jamb; I then hinge the casement
to the outer edge of the wood strip, see G, H, C, of the same figure. 2nd. I hinge
the wood strip on its outer edge to the casement frame, see (D, E, C, Figs. 2 & 3
Sheet 2, Provisional drawings) and the inner to the casement, (see H, I, C, Figs. 2
& 3). A screw fastening will be required to hold the strip of wood to the casement.
In order that my said improvements may be more readily understood, I will now
proceed to describe the same with reference to the drawings, accompanying this
Specification, also those filed with the Provisional Specification.
Fig. 1, Sheet 1, is an end view of a centre-pin joint, C, is the sill of casement frame,
A, is the bottom rail of casement, B, the lower part of the bottom rail, E, metal
plate, F dotted line showing lower part of bottom rail turned round at right angles in
order to clear the sill when it is required to pass the casement through the frame for
cleaning.
A, upper portion of Fig. 1, is the head of casement frame, B the top rail of case.
ment,C, the lower part of the top rail, D, shows the angle where the joint finishes,
E is a metal centre-pin plate.
A Fig. 2, is the head of casement frame, B, the top rail of casement, D, rising and
falling tongue, E, groove in the head of frame to allow tongue to be pushed up level
with the under side of the head to allow the casement to be reversed for cleaning.
J, Figs. 3 & 4, is a plan of the jamb of casement frame, S 1, is shuttle No. 1, of
the hinge screwed to the jamb of casement frame. S 2, is shutter No. 2
screwed to the stile of casement. C, is a strip of wood connecting the upper
and lower hinges together, G is a centre-bit hole to receive head of screw
fastening F, B is the plan of the lower portion of the bottom rail turned round,
Fig. 3, is the plan of casement open outwardly and Fig. 4, the plan of casement open
inwards.
J, Fig. 1, Sheet 2 is a plan of hanging jamb of casement frame, A & B knuckles
of butt hinges, F leaf of hinge screwed to jamb, F 1 leaf of hinge screwed to strip,
G leaf of hinge screwed to hanging stile of casement, H leaf of hinge screwed to the
strip C.
J Fig. 2 is plan of jamb of casement frame, C strip of wood, A hinge whose
leaf D is screwed into the jamb, and its leaf E into the strip C. B is a hinge whose
leaf I is screwed into the strip C, and its other leaf H is screwed to the stile of
casement. F is the screw-fastening for holding the strip C to the casement stile. G
is a centre bit hole to receive the head of the said screw fastening, K is a little
undercut to allow the knuckle B to slide into its place. F P is the face plate let
into the casement stile to receive the screw-fastening, F. Fig. 3 is the plan of Fig. 2
when reversed for cleaning. The reference letters are the same as in Fig. 2. Fig. 4
is a sectional elevation of the centie-pin joint, C is the sill of casement frame, A the
bottom rail, T groove, D tongue, I bead, H continuation of chamfer E, G chamfer,

page_text: F bead. Fig. 5 is a section of joint that may be used in place of the centre-pin
joint, A is the bottom rail of casement, B a groove, F S is filling strip, T a groove in
the same.
Fig. 1 No. 1 of the Complete Specification drawings, shows the application of a
two shutter hinge with the crank on the outside of casement frame.
Fig. 1 No. 2 shows the casement open outwards. Fig. 2 shows the plan of the
hanging stile of casement with the hinge applied with the crank inside. In reversing
the casements in these two cases the closing stile is passed through first. Fig. 3
shows the hinge fixed to the rabbet projection of the jamb of casement frame, with
half of knuckle No. 2 projecting over the said rabbet. With regard to the applica-
tion of the hinge as shown in Fig. 3 the hanging stile would have to be passed
through the frame first. Fig. 4 shows another application of the centre-pin joint to the
bottom rails of casements. I wish it to be understood that I make no claim to the
application or construction of double knuckled binges with their pins out of the same
horizontal plane and with their butts shaped on plan to the rabbet of the window or
door frame, which adjoins the hanging stile of casement when it is in its closed
position.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1st. In casements the employment of the two-shutter hinges for the purposes set
forth.
2nd. The employment of a centre-pin joint in the bottom rails of casements for
the purpose set forth and illustrated in Fig. 1 Sheet 1 and Fig. 4 Sheet 2 of the
Provisional drawings and Fig. 4 of the Complete Specification drawings.
3rd. The improvements in casements substantially as set forth with regard to
Figs. 2 & 3 Sheet 2 of the provisional drawings.
4th. The grooving of the rabbet of the hanging jamb of casement frames, and
filling the same with a wood strip, (as shown at C Fig. 1 Sheet 2 Provisional drawings)
for the purpose set forth.
Dated this 14th day of April 1800