Improvements in Drain and other Metal Pipes.
Year: 1895

page_text: This print is in accordance with the Original Specification as it stands after
Amendment (under Section 18 of the Patents, &c., Act, 1883), as allowed by
the decision of the Chief Examiner of the 11th day of August 1898.
Date of Application, 17th May, 1895
Complete Specification Left, 25th July, 1895-Accepted, 24th Aug., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Drain and other Metal Pipes.
We, DOUGLAS GEORGE BRIGHTON and EDWIN MARTYN VENNING, both of
102A, Victoria Street, Westminster, Sanitary Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to metal pipes, and more particularly those used as
soil or drain pipes, drain ventilating pipes, etc., and has for its object to secure
the advantages of an iron pipe as regards strength, in combination with those
of a lead pipe as regards non-liability to corrosion.
To this end we furnish a cast iron pipe with a lining of lead such lining being
either in the form of a separate lead pipe expanded or otherwise made to fit within
the outer iron shell, or cast upon a removable core in situ. We prefer to secure
the pipe lengths by the "spigot and socket" form of joint, to facilitate which
the lead lining would be turned out, and securely fastened down over the spigot
end of the iron shell and also over the bottom of the socket of the same, the
meeting extremities of adjacent pipes being shaped respectively so as to form
approximately a ball and socket joint. By these means a continuous lead surface
(notwithstanding any slight deviation from a straight course in the line of pipes)
and further (in the case of pipes laid horizontally) true continuity of the invert
are secured. The joints would be caulked with lead.
Further advantages resulting from the use of our compound pipes are, that
whilst a less thickness of cast iron is required than would be advisable were that
metal used alone, the support afforded by the iron to the lead lining enables a
very material saving in lead to be effected, whilst retaining the advantage as
regards smoothness of internal surface, of the ordinary lead pipe. At the same
time the stiffening" due to the iron shell obviates the necessity of using so
"tacks
as are usually employed to secure lead soil or ventilating pipes
to house walls.
many
.
Dated this 17th day of May 1895.

page_text: nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:.
Our invention relates to metal pipes, and more particularly those used as
soil and drain pipes, drain ventilating pipes, etc., and has for its object to secure
the advantages of a cast iron pipe as regards strength and bridging or self-
supporting power in combination with those of a lead pipe as regards non-
liability to corrosion of the internal surface..
The invention consists in lining iron pipes (principally cast iron pipes) with
lead, such lining being applied preferably in the form of a drawn lead pipe made
in the ordinary way, which after being introduced is expanded to fit accurately
within the outer iron shell.
The joints employed have a special form approximately to that of a ball and
socket; the lead lining being turned outwards over the spigot end of the iron
shell and also over the bottom of the socket, so that a continuous lead surface
is obtained. Thus notwithstanding any slight deviation from a straight course
in the line of pipes true continuity of the invert and bore are ensured, the joints
being caulked with lead run in in the molten state. Such joints are very secure,
may be quickly made, and easily disconnected without injury to the lead lining,
possess great transverse or bridging strength, and can be tested as soon as the
pipes are laid without delaying to fill in the ground, and there is no liability of
split and leaking pipes, as with earthenware or cast iron alone. Furthermore,
in fixing soil and ventilating pipes to walls the joints can be made without cutting
hand-holes in the brickwork, as necessary for lead wiped joints.
Further advantages resulting from the use of these combined lead and iron pipes
are that whilst a less thickness of iron is required than would be advisable were that
metal used alone, the support afforded by the iron enables a much thinner lead
pipe to be used as a lead lining whereby a very material saving in lead is effected,
whilst retaining all the advantages of a lead pipe as regards permanent smooth-
ness of internal surface and non-liability to corrosion and accumulation of rust
which would prevent free circulation of air through the drain. At the same time
the stiffening" due to the iron shell obviates the necessity of using so many
tacks" as are usually employed to secure lead soil or ventilating pipes to house
walls.
The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, forming part of
this specification, wherein Figure 1 is a longitudinal section, taken through the
joint uniting two lengths of lead lined pipe which may be considered either as a
drain pipe when laid horizontally or as a soil pipe when fixed vertically to a wall
by means of the "tacks" or holdfasts shewn in dotted lines. Figure 2 is a
vertical section of the die used for expanding the lead lining to fit the spigot and
socket ends. Figure 3 is a longitudinal section of a lead lined junction piece for
soil and drain pipes.
Referring to Figure 1, A A¹ are two lengths of cast iron pipe lined with lead
pipe B which has been expanded so as to make it fit close against the sides of
the iron pipe by means of "bobbins" similar to those well known and used in the
plumbing trade for expanding bends. The spigot end of each length of iron
pipe is formed with a bead or flange a of the rounded form shewn which is covered
by the lead lining being expanded and turned over the bead or flange and its
shoulder, as shewn at 6 b¹. The socket end C is formed with a rounded cavity at
the bottom which is likewise lined with lead by the lining B being expanded to
fit the cavity as at 68, and turned over as shewn at ³, this lead lined cavity exactly
corresponding to the rounded lead covered spigot end so as to form therewith a
sort of ball and socket joint which ensures a true invert and bore whilst per-
mitting slight deviation from the straight line.
When the spigot and socket ends are fitted together, the joint is first closed
by applying the caulking chisel to the lead turnovers 61, 63, which form the bottom
of the socket whereby a tight closure is ensured and the use of tow-caulking
avoided and then the socket C is filled with lead run into it in the molten state,

page_text: as at D, the open end of the socket being closed by a clay luting in the case of
a horizontal pipe.
The lining of the junction shewn in Figure 3 is effected by introducing the
lead pipe through the straight bore of the pipe A and expanding it therein, then
boring a small round hole in the lead lining at such a point opposite the branch
that the lead when expanded by splaying said hole outwards will form the lining
for the bend or throat of the branch; this part of the lead lining is then dressed
so as to make it fit into the groove d cast around the interior of the throat of the
branch, the edge of the lead being cut off to the centre line of the groove, as
shewn.
The lead lining for the socket D is first fitted to the die hereinafter described,
cut off to the proper length, expanded into the socket D (in the same way as
described in respect of socket C, Figure 1,) and dressed into the remaining space
of the groove d. The lead is then prepared and molten solder e run into the
groove and wiped off flush with the lead lining, as shewn.
Referring now to Figure 2, F is an annular steel die having a male lower end
shaped as at f for expanding the lead lining into the collars or sockets of the
pipes as at 2, 63, whilst its upper female end is shaped as at g for expanding the
lead lining over the spigot end b, b, of the pipe. H is a wooden centre within
the die which fits within the lead lined pipe for the purpose of keeping the bore
of the lead lining true whilst the die is expanding the lead to fit the socket or
spigot, as the case may be.
If the joint be of the ordinary spigot and socket form, the lead lining is similarly
fitted into the joint of the outer shell, the lead being turned over the spigot end
and fitted to the bottom of the socket, these lead turnovers being caulked with
the chisel and the joint completed by molten lead run in so that the lining is
jointed into and forms part of the jointing material of the joint of the outer pipe.
In Figure 1 the dotted lines represent a tack or holdfast K provided with ears k
apertured to receive driving bolts with screw and nut so as to enable the pipe to
be fixed any distance from the wall to enable it to pass a string course, cornice,
or other projection.
Having now particularly. described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
A lead lined cast or wrought iron pipe having spigot and socket lead covered
joints of approximately the form specified and made by expanding the lead lining
tube to fit the spigot and socket coupling ends, as specified.
Th
101
100
A. M. & WM. OLARK,
Chartered Patent Agents, 53, Chancery Lane, London.