IMPROVEMENTS IN FITTINGS FOR CARRYING CATTLE OR OTHER ANIMALS IN VESSELS OR CARRIAGES AT SEA OR ON LAND
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Francis Heron Relph, of Merton, in the County
of Surrey, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FITTINGS FOR CARRYING CATTLE OR OTHER ANIMALS IN VESSELS OR CARRIAGES
AT SEA OR ON LAND.
Sealed the 26th November 1875, and dated the 31st May 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Francis Heron Relph
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 31st May 1875.
I, FRANCIS HERON RELPH, of Merton, in the County of Surrey,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FITTINGS FOR CARRYING CATTLE OR OTHER ANIMALS IN VESSELS
OR CARRIAGES AT SEA OR ON LAND," to bo as follows:-
This relates to certain improvements upon an Invention for which
Letters Patent were granted to me, the said Francis Heron Relph, dated
27th day of June 1874, No. 2228, and consists,―
Firstly. In a continuous strap or band of leather, canvas, or other
suitable material, which is passed round the hind quarters of the animals

page_text: "
and over the "side bars of the stalls to form a "
breeching" and
support, and said strap, band, or "breeching" is tightened or loosened
by means of lanyards or ropes in connection with springs; or part of said
lanyard is formed of a spring of india-rubber or other material, and is
secured to said "breeching" at that part thereof which passes over the
bars, said lanyards extending from the "breeching" along the "side
bars to the front of the stalls.
"
Secondly: In the case of stalls for the use of horned cattle the front
bar which is removable and in sections or "lengths," is fixed lower than
in the case of stalls used for the transport of horses, and a second bar
extends along the front of the stalls at a distance of a few inches
from the ground, and in connection with this bar and the upper front
bar are two rails or pieces of wood, which pass vertically through
mortises in the front bars; or instead of the mortises being in the bars
the ends of the rails may be formed with a fork, and holes are provided
in the said bars and rails through which a pin or pins are passed so as
to fasten the said rails or to leave them free or partially so to "play"
from right to left in the socket, fork, or mortise. When the animals are
placed in the stalls their heads extend through the front bars and the
rails are then adjusted, so securing them that they cannot withdraw
their heads, but so that they can feed with ease and comfort, and by the
use of this arrangement it is found that the stalls may be made large
enough to hold two animals, so that in fine weather they can lie down.
The rear ends of the stalls are boarded to a certain height, said boards
being made to slide in grooves in the upright stanchions of the stalls,
and the bottom or lowest board is made removable or is hinged and
secured by a button for clearance of manure, and holes are provided
for water to run away, and spring cushions of india-rubber or other
material are used on the chafing edges of the stalls; and under the
animals is a platform of timber or other material, or a matting of cocoa
nut with cleats or buttons to prevent the animals slipping, all so
arranged that the drainage can run off.
Thirdly. In the Specification of my Invention before referred to is
described a continuous belt for supporting the animals, which belt
extends under the animals' bodies and over the side bars. To keep this
belt "spread or to prevent its twisting, lanyards or ropes extend from
the front of the stalls and are laid along the side bars, said ropes ter-
minating with an eye or ring, and the rope at the edge of the continuous
"

page_text: belt is passed through said eye or ring so as to "spread" the belt to its
full width.
The apparatus is equally applicable to vessels or carriages for the
transport of animals by sea or on land.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Francis Heron Relph in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 30th November 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FRANCIS
HERON RELPH, of Merton, in the County of Surrey, Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Francis Heron Relph, Her
special licence that I, the said Francis Heron Relph, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Francis
Heron Relph, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time, and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and law-
fully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FITTINGS FOR CARRYING CATTLE OR
OTHER ANIMALS IN VESSELS OR CARRIAGES AT SEA OR ON LAND," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said Francis Heron Relph, my exe-
cutors or administrators by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Francis Heron Relph, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the

page_text: same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement (that is to say) :-
This relates to certain improvements upon an Invention for which
Letters Patent were granted to me the said Francis Heron Relph, dated
27th day of June 1874, No. 2228, and consists,-
Firstly. In a continuous strap or band of leather, canvas, or other
suitable material, which is passed round the hind quarters of the animals
and over the "side bars" of the stalls to form a "breeching" and support,
and said strap, band, or "breeching" is tightened or loosened by means
of lanyards or ropes in connection with springs; or part of said lanyard
is formed of a spring of india-rubber or other material and is secured to
said "breeching" at that part thereof which passes over the bars; said
lanyards extending from the "breeching" along the "side bars" to the
front of the stalls.
Secondly. In the case of stalls for the use of horned cattle the front
bar which is removable and in sections or "lengths "is fixed higher than
in the case of stalls used for the transport of horses, and a second bar
extends along the front of the stalls at a distance of a few inches from
the ground, and in connection with this bar and the upper front
bar are two rails or pieces of wood, which pass vertically through
mortises in the front bars; or instead of the mortises being in the bars
the ends of the rails may be formed with a fork, and holes are provided
in the said bars and rails through which a pin or pins are passed so as
to fasten the said rails or to leave them free or partially so to "play"
from right to left in the socket, fork, or mortise. When the animals are
placed in the stalls their heads extend through the front bars and the
rails are then adjusted, so securing them that they cannot withdraw
their heads, but so that they can feed with ease and comfort, and by the
use of this arrangement it is found that the stalls may be made large
enough to hold two animals, and also are boarded up to the height of
about four feet at every second stall, such boards sliding in grooves
between the uprights so that in fine weather the animals can lie down;
or there is a frame or yoke placed over the neck of each animal like a
collar, and sliding up and down between two iron bars or other slides
or uprights so that the animals are free to lay down or to feed, and at a
the same time are prevented from being thrown forward or backwards
when the vessel rolls. The rear ends of the stalls are boarded to a

page_text: certain height, said boards being made to slide in grooves in the
upright stanchions of the stalls, and the bottom or lowest board is mado
removable or is hinged and secured by a button for clearance of manure,
and holes are provided for water to run away, and spring cushions of
india-rubber or other material are used on the chafing edges of the
stalls; and under the animals is a platform of timber or other material,
or a matting of cocoa nut with cleats or buttons to prevent the
animals slipping, all so arranged that the drainage can run off.
.
Thirdly. In the Specification of my Invention before referred to is
described a continuous belt for supporting the animals, which belt
extends under the animals' bodies and over the side bars. To keep this
belt "spread" or to prevent its twisting, lanyards or ropes extend
from the front of the stalls and are laid along the side bars, said ropes
terminating with an eye or ring, and the rope at the edge of the con-
tinuous belt is passed through said eye or ring so as to "spread" the
belt to its full width.
The uprights or stanchions of the stalls may be of iron or wood, with a
hook or hasp and screw cyc bolt at the upper end, which screw eye bolt
is screwed into the deck overhead, forming a hinge, and the stanchions
can by these means be doubled up between the beams of the deck when
the stalls are not in use.
In the event of these stalls being required for short passages, where
economy of room is an object, I place each row of stalls with the
animals facing each other and leaving an "allcy way" between them of
3 only sufficient room for their heads to clear one another. In order to
supply them with food and water as in this case there would be no room
for the attendant to pass between them, I provide a trough or tank
made of galvanised iron or other material, about four or six or more
feet long and of suitable width; the sides of this trough are bent inward
so as to prevent the water escaping when the vessel rolls. At one end
I place a socket joint into which can be screwed a hose having a ball
tap to regulate the supply of water. This trough is constructed to run
on wheels so that it can be drawn on a tramway or on the deck down the
alley way from one end to the other, and the animals be allowed to drink
5 in succession, the hose being carried with it. To supply the hay or
fodder I use a long strip of canvas roped on either side and having a
cord attached to one end by which it is drawn down the passage and the
hay or fodder is placed upon it as it goes.

page_text: The apparatus is equally applicable to vessels or carriages for the
transport of animals by sea or on land.
Having thus described the nature and particulars of my said Invention,
I claim the improvements in fittings for carrying cattle or other animals
in vessels or carriages at sea or on land, substantially as herein set
forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Francis Heron Relph have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of November,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.
FRANCIS HERON RELPH. (L.S.)