Year: 1887

page_text: I, JOB DUERDEN of Stanley Street, Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Paper
Bag Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
This invention of improvements relates more particularly to machinery for the
manufacture of paper bags of the form known to the trade as square or block
bottomed bags.
The paper, from which bags are to be made, is in a roll of a breadth suitable to
the width of the bags, and, when passing into the machine, paste is applied to the
margin of the paper by a wheel, partly immersed in paste contained in a trough, the
position of which with the wheel is adjustable, so that the wheel may be brought to
bear on the paper in proper position, and with suitable pressure. The paper is now
fed or drawn forward over a former, around which it is deflected in a trough like
form, by stationary fingers and guide plates, and its tubular formation completed when
taken forward by the draw rolls; and to render the machine adaptable to any width
of bag, the former is provided with side pieces, fore and aft, capable of lateral
adjustment.
The primary or diamond fold of the bottom of the bag is formed and laid, some-
what after the usual fashion, by a finger and tucking blade, with the exception, that
the finger is arranged that the edges, of the paper at the centre of the fold, may be
drawn more closely together to produce a squarer, and less oblong shape for the bottom
of the bag.
The tube, from the first draw rolls to the finger above mentioned, is supported by a
longitudinal reciprocating distending rod, which opens the forward end of the tube
for the reception of the finger. The tucker having laid and carried the diamond fold
to the bight of the second rolls, the tube is severed by a pair of cutting rolls, whilst
paste is being applied to the central portion of the primary or diamond shaped fold, by
a segmental block, carried by a shaft, and located between the two loose sections
composing the top roll of the second pair of rolls, which are actuated at the same
surface speed as the rest of the draw rolls.
The length of the bag is determined by the increased or diminished speed of the
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page_text: several sets of draw rolls in excess of the severing rolls. The speed, however, of the
latter may be increased or diminished immediately before and during the severance of
the bag, from the tube in accordance with the speed or traverse of the tube. For
this purpose, two dises are mounted and secured respectively to two separate shafts,
one disc being provided with a slot, in which a pin on the other is capable of moving,
in such a manner, that when the centre of one shaft is lowered below the other, a
variable motion will be transmitted to the slotted disc secured to and actuating the
severing rolls.
The segmental block, above mentioned, receives paste from a size trough of peculiar
construction, through the medium of a suitable roller, communicating directly with
the interior of the trough, through which it protrudes, the supply of paste being regu-
lated by a slide plate at the bottom of the trough, being moved when required nearer
to or further from the said roller. This novel arrangement of mechanism for pasting
the diamond fold of the bag is hereinafter more fully explained.
To complete the formation of the bag, the two cross folds of the bottom of the bag
are yet to be laid. These are now creased and laid by two folding blades, acting
respectively between the nip of two rolls.
The whole of the varied operations of pasting cutting, and folding, being effected
during the unterrupted and continued traverse of the paper through the machine,
effects a considerable increase in the manufacture of paper bags.
And in Order that my invention may be properly understood, and readily carried
into practical effect, I have hereunto attached the accompanying sheets of drawings,
marked with Figures and letters of reference; the same letters referring to the same
parts, in the respective views and figures. Fig. 1, sheet 1, is a side elevation of a
paper bag machine, constructed in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2, sheet 2,
is a plan. Fig. 3, sheet 3, is a sectional elevation, shewing the feed and severing
rolls the finger and tucker; the longitudinal reciprocating distending rod; the
mechanism for pasting the bottom of the bag; the two folding blades and their
respective rolls, by the joint action of which the two last cross folds of the bottom of
the bag are folded. Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 represent the successive conditions of the
bag during its formation. Fig. 9 represents the combination of the segmental paster
block with the top roll of the second pair of draw rolls, and its location between the
two loose sections of such rolls. Figs. 10, 11, 12 and 13 represent the mechanism for
producing a variable movement to the severing rolls. A is the framing of the machine;
A' the roll of paper to be formed into bags; A2 and A³, seen in Figs. 1 and 2, are
two adjustable rods for applying the requisite friction to the paper entering the
machine, and passing between them; B is a roller over which the paper is conveyed
to the former C. To the margin of the paper, paste is applied by wheel B', revolving
in trough B², and carried at the extremity of the arm B³, seen in Fig. 1, secured to the
side of the trough by the bolt B, that the paster roller or wheel B may be adjusted,
when required, and placed in its proper position, and with sufficient pressure against
the margin of the paper, passing over the roller B.
The tubular formation of the bag is partially effected upon the former C by
fingers B³, seen in Fig. 1, and by guide bracketts B, seen in Fig. 2; the paper
assuming a trough like forin, until drawn between the draw rolls D and D', seen in
Figs. 2 and 3, when the dry edge of the margin of the paper is closed over the pasted
margin and pressed, securing the longitudinal seam of the bag.
The tube former C is provided with side pieces C and C², fore and aft, capable of
lateral adjustment, so as to enable a tube of any width to be made. To the side
pieces C and C are secured horizontal pegs C³, inserted in holes, formed in the side of
the former C, seen in Fig. 2, that the side pieces C and C may be drawn outwards to
the width of the bag required, and secured to the former C, by set screws or screw
nails C, whilst the guide fingers B³, seen in Fig. 1, and guide plates B6, seen in Fig. 2,
are adjusted and secured by adjustable bolts to the bracket C', seen in Figs. 1 and 2,
for the like purpose.
Before the paper passes from the tube forming device, a semicircular cut is made by
the cutter C³, seen in Fig. 1, to form a lip or thumb piece in the bag, which will be

page_text: useful to readily find the opening or mouth of the bag when made. This cut is
elongated on both sides for the purpose hereinafter described, by a pair of cutters C₂
seen in Fig. 1, acting beneath the paper, before the final closing in of the longitudinal
seam of the bag. The several cutters are pivoted and held in a vertical position by the
slight pressure of the elastic band or spring D, so as to enable them when struck into
the paper, to move forward with the same, to prevent its being torn. The cutters are
withdrawn at the proper time by cams E, seen in Fig. 2, which, acting upon bowls E'
of the pushing rod E connected to levers E³ (carrying respective cutters), distend the
springs E whilst restoring the cutters to their original vertical position in readiness
for the next cut, which is effect by the reaction of the springs E, seen in Fig. 2.
The paper is drawn into and through the machine, continually and uninteruptedly,
during the varied operations of cutting, pasting, and folding by two pair of draw
rolls. The first pair D and D', seen in Fig. 3, draws the paper from the tube forming
device forward, over a longitudinal reciprocating rod G¹, (seen in Figs. 1, 2 and 3)
sliding in grooves in the body of the tube former C and in the annular grooves
formed in the centre of the rolls D and D' seen in Fig. 2. The fore part of the
rod G is provided with two flat steel springs, seen in Fig. 3, which are surrounded,
when in operation, by the paper tube, and expanding, cause the leading end of the
tube to gape, as the latter is fed forward by the rolls D and D¹ upon the bevelled or
inclined end of the finger F, (seen in Figs. 2 and 3), which assists in the formation of
the primary or first folds of the bottom of the bag.
The rolls D and D' are actuated, as seen in Fig. 2, from driving shaft H, to which
is attached toothed wheel H₁, driving intermediate wheels H2, H3 and H. The latter
wheel H, being in gear with wheel H³, attached to shaft H, imparts a revolving
movement to wheel H, in gear with adjustable carrier or intermediate wheels H³,
(seen in Figs. 1 and 2), in gear with change wheel HP, which determines the length
of the bag, and which is fixed to lower roll D of the first pair of draw rolls. These
are geared together on the opposite side by toothed wheels H10, (Fig. 2), fixed to top
roller D', so as to ensure to both rolls the same rate of speed. The second pair of
draw rolls are connected to the first by another set of intermediate wheels J, J¹ and J2,
the latter wheel J2 gearing in wheel J³, secured to lower roll D².
The roll D³ of the second pair of draw rolls D2 and D³ (Fig. 3), is of peculiar con-
struction, being in two parts or sections, loosely mounted on the driving shaft H,
to which is fixed the segmental block 1, (Fig. 9), located between the sections. These
are actuated from the lower roll D2 by wheels not shewn, in gear with toothed
wheels I and I attached to the sections, as seen in Figs. 2 and 9.
The segmental paster block I, and the severing rolls L and L. complete one
revolution for one bag whatever its length. This is determined by the surface speed
of the several draw rolls, which is increased or diminished by the substitution of a
change wheel of larger or lesser diameter for change wheel H³, as may be required to
determine the length of the bag to be made. The speed of the severing rolls may be
increased or diminished, immediately before and during the severance of the bag,
and in accordance with its speed of traverse.
This is effected by the employment of two discs K and K', secured respectively,
one to the lower severing roll L, and the other to shaft L, actuated by toothed
wheel L³, gearing into carrier or intermediate wheel H³, (seen in Figs. 1 and 2).
Disc K is provided with a slot K2, in which engages pin K³ of disc K', in such a
manner, that when the shaft L² is lowered a variable motion will be transmitted to
slotted disc K, secured to, and actuating the severing rolls L and L.
The fore part of the tube having been deposited upon the finger F as herein before
described, the reciprocating rod G₁, retires from before the rolls D² and D³, to the
rear of the severing rolls L and L, (as seen in Figs. 2 and 3), in time for the
severance of the bag from the tube, being so actuated by the crank pin G³ (Fig. 1),
through the medium of lever G³ and connecting arms G and G³.
During the foregoing operation, the finger F holds back a point or portion of the
upper ply of the tube, while the blade or tucking knife M, sliding in the curved slots
of the brackets M² (seen in Figs. 2 and 3), withdraws the upper ply of the paper tube

page_text: from the finger F, folding and laying it back flat against the tube or body of the bag,
producing the primary or first folds of the bag (as seen in Fig. 5).
The tucking knife M, having laid and carried the partially formed bag to the
bight of the rolls D and D³, the tube is then severed by the cutting rolls Land L.
the roll L having attached to it a serrated cutting blade L, which enters the slot L³
of the roll L, in the manner seen in Fig. 3.
When severing the tube into bag lengths, as seen in Figs. 4 and 5, the serrated
cutting blade L severs the tube each way to the junction of the semicircular cut,
and transversely with the elongated cuts, the latter cuts remaining in the upper ply
of the subsequent bag (Fig. 4), which when deposited upon the finger F enables the
edges of the severed tube to be drawn closer together, or overlap each other in the
centre of the primary or first folds (seen in Fig. 5), whilst the edges of the paper O
and O¹ on the outer sides of the elongated cuts or slits are laid across the fold at right
angles (as seen in Fig. 5), by the tucking action of the tucking blade M. To lessen
the obstruction to folding at the fore part of the finger F, (Figs. 2 and 3), I reduce
its vertical portion to one fourth, more or less, its usual width whilst its longitudinal
portion or base remains as before, one inch or so in breadth; whereby the tucking
blade M is further assisted in drawing the edges closer together, behind the finger
at its base, which becomes overlapped by the edges of the paper. The object of
bringing the edges of the paper together, in the centre of the fold as above
described, is to contract the width of the fold and bag, to produce a squarer and less
oblong shape to the bottom of the bag to those at present in use.
I would observe, that the first folds of the bottom of the bag are better supported,
when traversing to the bight of the rolls D2 and D3 by the edges of the paper over-
lapping the base of the finger F. To overcome the tendency of the bag, when passing
the rolls, to follow the curvature of the same, I attach a small wire or thin strip of
steel F, (seen in Fig. 3), to the base of the finger F, and to a stationary cross
shaft or rod P, to offer a slight, but sufficient, resistance to the bag following the
curvature.
The primary or first folds of the bag, having been laid, paste is then applied to the
folds by the pasting device (seen in Figs. 1, 2 and 3), which may be thus described :-,
R is a paste trough supported in bearings T', (seen in Figs. 1 and 2) at the upper
extremity of brackets T. A paster roll T projects into the front end of the trough R,
the side ends of which are made to fit the annular grooves S and S¹, seen in Fig. 2,
whilst the upper corners of the trough are chamferred off and bevelled outwards, to
collect superfluous size or paste from the sides of the grooves back into the trough,
which with its paster roll rests by gravity upon the segmental block 1. The supply of
paste is regulated by the screw spindle S³ (seen in Fig. 1) acting with screw bracket S,
secured to slide plate S, in such wise, that by the movement of the hand wheel Se, the
extremity of the plate S will be raised or lowered, lessening or augmenting the space
between the end of the plate and the paster roll, so as to allow more or less paste to
flow between the two. The paste is transmitted by the paster roll T³ to the segmental
block I, and from thence to the fold as above described.
To complete the formation of the bag, the two cross folds or V shaped overlaps of
the bag are yet to he laid. The first cross fold is laid by the descent of the blade U
which strides the wire F, and strikes that part of the primary fold indicated by the
line B, seen in Fig. 5, creasing the part between the rolls D2 and W, making the first
cross fold or overlap V1 of the bag, seen in Fig. 6. The next overlap is effected by
the blade striking upon that part of the primary fold indicated by line X, and
creasing it between the rolls Daud X', seen in Fig. 3, forming the blind fold X2,
seen in Fig. 7, which has the effect of closing over the last cross fold or overlap X³
which becomes attached to the folds by the paste, previously applied by the raised
lines of the segmental block I.
The blind fold X³ partially springing open on leaving the rolls, is finally flattened
whilst being conveyed away between the tapes or travelling cords, the bag assuming
the shape, seen in Fig. 8, with both angular overlaps cemented by the paste to the
body or primary fold of the bag.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I, declare that what I claim is :-
1. In a paper bag machine, the combination of the segmental paster block with the
two loose sections of the roll D³, between which it is located, substantially as described
and represented in Fig. 9.
2. In a paper bag machine, the reduction of the vertical portion of finger F, and
the formation of elongated cuts or slits in the upper ply of the tube, substantially as
herein described for the purpose specified.
3. In a paper bag machine, the disc arrangement for producing a variable motion
to the severing rolls, substantially as shewn and described.
4. In a paper bag machine, the pasting device, comprising trough R, paster roller T³,
and slide plate S³, substantially as shewn and described.
5. In a paper bag machine, mounting paster wheel B¹ upon arm B³, adjusted by
bolt B, substantially as described and illustrated.
6. In a paper bag machine, the general arrangement and combination of the various
parts, substantially as described and illustrated.
Dated the 20th day of September 1887
THOMAS RICHMOND,
Agent for the Applicant.