matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN HARNESS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Warwick Peirce at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th October 1878.
JAMES WARWICK PEIRCE, of 38, Cochrain Street, Saint John's Wood, London, in
the County of Middlesex, Cabinet Maker. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HARNESS."
This Invention has reference more particularly to that part of the harness used
to reduce a sudden strain or jerk, and principally to prevent too great a strain on a
spring used for the before-mentioned purpose.
In carrying out my Invention I construct a swivel or link D shaped at the end
for the trace with an elongation from the round or semicircular part having a step
on each arm of elongation at about half the distance; this forms parallel bars for a
nut to slide in, and the step acts as a stop when the spring has received a strain up
to its safe power; the spring is by preference a coil, say two or three inches long,
and is placed on a pin with an eye at one end and screw at the other; this pin
is passed through the end of the swivel where the ends of the parallel bars join,
and the coil spring being on the said pin, the nut is screwed on and the elastic
swivel is complete. When in use the nut and pin have a motion in the parallel
part between the step and the open or D part of the swivel, and when the strain
is sufficient to draw the nut to the step the spring is protected thereby.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY AND SHIPS' LAMPS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Palmer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd April 1878.
WILLIAM PALMER, of the Victoria Works, Stratford, in the County of Essex,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY AND SHIPS' LAMPS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in railway and ships' lamps.
In order to render practicable the use of candles in such lamps in lieu of oil I
resort to the following arrangements:-I employ a candle of large diameter and
comparatively small length, such that with its containing tube it may stand within
a lanthorn of ordinary dimensions with the flame in the focus of the lense.
The candle tube is provided with a spring and nozzle as is usual in candle lamps;
but in order that the nozzle may not shake loose the bayonet catch, is so formed that
the nozzle cannot be turned to free it from the retaining pin until it has first been
depressed.
On the bottom of the lanthorn a fixed socket is provided into which the candle
tube enters very easily, so that it may not be liable to be set fast by the grease;
and to prevent it shaking in travelling springs are fixed within the socket which
press against the sides of the candle tube.
To admit air freely, but without draught, the lanthorn is perforated at the lower
part of the back, and on one side, but in the front of the lanthorn, which in
travelling faces the wind, there are no perforations.
Immediately behind the perforations wire gauze is placed, and behind this again
there is a band of metal perforated in the same way as the case of the lanthorn, but
so placed that the two sets of perforations do not correspond; thus the air in entering
the lanthorn is compelled to take a zig-zag course.
The outlet for the air is by a circular hole in the centre of the roof of the
Janthorn; from this a short tube rises.
The tube is covered at the top, but space is left between the top of the tube and
the cover, sufficient for the out-draft of the lamp.
The outlet is guarded from the wind by a vertical screen all round, and an outer
cover at the top so arranged as to leave but a comparatively narrow space between
it and the screen for the escape of the air.

page_text: The outer cover again is provided with flanges upon its under side, by which the
outlet passage is rendered yet more circuitous; or the tube may be perforated
around its sides which admits of the space between its upper end and the cover
being made narrower.
The outer cover also may be dispensed with, the inner cover then being made
double or of a drum-like form, so that its upper surface may not become unduly
heated.
In order to render the fit of the door as nearly air-tight as need be, it has a rib
formed around it edges, which, when the door is closed, enters between two similar
ribs upon the door, frame, or around the door opening in the lanthorn.
The lanthorn is furnished with one lense or more, according to the purpose for
which it is intended.
These lamps are specially suitable for use as side and tail lamps on railway trains,
and also for the side lights of ships at sea.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TURNING THE LEAVES OF MUSIC OR BOOKS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th November 1878. A communication
from abroad by Carl Toense, of Berlin, in the Empire of Germany.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TURNING THE LEAVES OF MUSIC OR BOOKS."
A com-
munication from abroad by Carl Toense, of Berlin, in the Empire of Germany.
The improvements consist of several arms, each fastened to and actuated by a
spring fixed in a case, to which also is affixed a drag spring for giving power to
turn over the arms, which are furnished with guides or pieces. Each arm and its
guide is applied to and embraces a sheet of music or the leaf of a book. At the
bottom of the apparatus is a finger plate or ledge, which is connected by one or
more levers to the spring cases and certain ratch or catch pins, so that when the
finger plate is pressed the spring is released and turns over an arm with its leaf and
so on. Instead of a finger plate a pedal plate may be used by a slight alteration
of the operating levers. The various parts may be of metal or wood or of both
combined.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES.
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Penn, of Greenwich, in the County of Kent, Engineer,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES.'
"
Sealed the 22nd March 1878, and dated the 17th January 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Penn at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th January 1878.
JOHN PENN, of Greenwich, in the County of Kent, Engineer.
IN STEAM ENGINES."
"IMPROVEMENTS
This Invention has for its object improvements in steam engines, especially
engines for ships of war.
In steam engines provided with surface condensers, especially marine engines of
large size, there is inconvenience in obtaining the vacuum prior to starting the
engines by blowing steam through the sudden application of heat, in this way being
liable to cause fracture.
Now according to my Invention I apply in combination with the surface con-
densers, not only the air pumps driven by the engines, which are usually employed
to maintain a vacuum when the engines are in motion, but also steam jet ejectors
by which the air can be exhausted from the condensers whilst the engines are
at rest.
The ejectors, which may be of comparatively small size, are supplied with steam
direct from one of the main boilers, or from an auxiliary boiler as may be preferred.
When the engines are running they are put out of use. This combination admits of
a vacuum being obtained in the condenser without any admission of steam to
them, and by slowly starting the engines the condensers may be warmed as gently
as may be considered necessary.

page_text: The arrangement can readily be applied to existing engines.
This Invention will also be of great advantage in enabling the engines of ships
of war to be more readily started when they are required to work with steam of a
low pressure, which may be below that of the atmosphere. In this case the
steam for the ejector would be supplied, by preference, from a small auxiliary boiler. 5
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOP- PERING GLASS AND OTHER BOTTLES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION lett by John Plant Simms at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd May 1878.
JOHN PLANT SIMMS, of the City of Manchester. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOP-
PERING GLASS AND OTHER BOTTLES."
Inside the neck of the bottle I form an annular projection to receive an india-
rubber washer, and at a higher level I arrange a similar projection but with two or
more slots formed in it.
The stopper for this bottle is by preference formed of glass, and is provided with
two or more lugs or projections, which, in placing such stopper in position in the
neck of the bottle, pass down through the slots herein-before mentioned, so that
when such stopper is turned round, say, at right angles, its lugs press against the
under side of the upper annular projection, and at the same time press the nose of
the stopper down tight upon the india-rubber washer, and whereby an effectual air-
tight joint is produced.
The upper extremity of the stopper may be surrounded by an additional india-
rubber ring, which acts as a cushion, and also steadies it in position.
THE APPLICATION OF ELECTRICITY TO PNEUMATIC * APPARATUS FOR SOUNDING BELLS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Christopher Lewis at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd October 1878.
THOMAS CHRISTOPHER LEWIS, of Shepherd's Lane, Brixton, in the County of
Surrey, Bell Founder: THE APPLICATION OF ELECTRICITY TO PNEUMATIC
*
APPARATUS FOR SOUNDING BELLS."
My Invention relates to the application of electricity in combination with pneu-
matic apparatus for the purpose of sounding or chiming bells.
I propose to combine an ordinary battery or electro-magnetic machine with the
keyboard of a console and a pneumatic apparatus in connection with the strikers or
bell hammers, whereby I am enabled to place the pneumatic apparatus in the most
convenient position contiguous to the bells and to actuate it from a console placed
at any distance therefrom.
For the better comprehension of my Invention I will describe it by reference to
the accompanying Sheet of Drawing, representing it applied to the pneumatic bell-
sounding apparatus for which I have obtained Letters Patent, No. 2010, of 23d May
1877.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 is a cross section through a console fitted with electric apparatus.
Figure 2 being a section through the valve chamber and pneumatic bellows.
A represents one of the keys, upon the under side of which is a pin or wire B
arranged so as to dip into the trough of mercury C below, when the key A is
depressed and so complete the circuit; D is the air trunk; E, valve chamber; F,
pneumatic bellows; G, feed valve opening into upper bellows; H, upper bellows;
1, exhaust valve for upper bellows; K, rocking lever; L, tappet rod; M, magnetic
coil which regulates the opening and closing of the two valves O, P, in chamber E.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN FURNACES AND STEAM GENERATORS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
•
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st October 1878.
A communication
from abroad by Etienno Verderber, of Budapest, in the Austro-Hungarian
Empire, Inspector-General of State Railways.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FURNACES AND STEAM GENERATORS." A communication from abroad by
Etienne Verderber, of Budapest, in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Inspector-
General of State Railways.
The improvements relate principally to locomotives, and consist in constructing
the furnace so that it shall be isolated or cut off from the chamber or chambers for
generating the steam, and in making said furnace of or with refractory inaterials.
Also in constructing the cylindrical part of the boiler or steam generator so that it
shall project into the isolated furnace; and lastly, in altering existing locomotives
or furnaces and boilers as above. The improvements can be performed by building
the furnace with its walls and top of double plates of metal, with fire-brick between
them, the hearth or fire-bars being constructed and inclined as at present. The
cylindrical end of the boiler with its tubes is prolonged so that it comes half way
across the furnace, or nearly so.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INKSTANDS AND IN HOLDERS FAD THE GAME
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Edward Ransome, of Ipswich, in the County of
Suffolk, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN INKSTANDS AND IN HOLDERS
FAD THE GAME"
Sealed the 24th May 1878, and dated the 29th March 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Edward Ransome at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th March 1878.
JAMES EDWARD RANSOME, of Ipswich, in the County of Suffolk. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN INKSTANDS AND IN HOLDERS FOR THE SAME."
This Invention has for its object improvements in inkstands and in holders for
the same.
In order to obviate the inconvenience which is experienced with pocket and small
shut-up inkstands from their liability to upset in consequence of the small size of
the bottom or base, I provide such inkstands with a case, and in the side of the case
I form a hole or slot to receive the bottom of the inkstand.
When the inkstand is required for use it is taken from its case, the case is laid on
its broadest side, and the bottom of the inkstand is inserted into the hole in the
slotted side, which is then uppermost. The case then serves as a broad foot, holding
the inkstand with perfect steadiness, however small and narrow may be the bottoni
or foot of the inkstand itself.
When out of use the case forms a suitable protection for the inkstand when carried
in the pocket or otherwise.
'The case can be arranged when required to carry more than one inkstand.
Very conveniently also, the case may be arranged with receptacles at the side or
sides for pens, matches, and other articles likely to be required when writing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOSITIONS FOR PROTECTING SHIPS' BOTTOMS AND OTHER SUBMERGED SURFACES
Year: 1878

page_text: "
LETTERS PATENT to George Freidrich Heyl, of Charlottenberg, in the Empire
of Germany, Chemical Manufacturer, for the Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN
COMPOSITIONS FOR PROTECTING SHIPS' BOTTOMS AND OTHER SUBMERGED
SURFACES."
Sealed the 29th March 1878, and dated the 29th January 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Freidrich Heyl at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th January 1878.
GEORGE FREIDRICH HEYL, of Charlottenberg, in the Empire of Germany, Chemical
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOSITIONS FOR PROTECTING SHIPS' BOTTOMS
AND OTHER SUBMERGED SURFACES."
This Invention relates to an improved composition to be applied to ships' bottoms
and other submerged surfaces for the purpose of preserving them from fouling or.
corrosion, and protecting them against barnacles and marine growth, and it consists in
incorporating cantharides, or nux vomica, or mixtures of the same, either in a state
of division, or in the form of extract or solution in a solvent of the active principle
contained therein with the ordinary mixtures or compounds employed for the pre-
servation of ships' bottoms and of other submerged surfaces for the purposes of
preserving them from fouling or corrosion, and protecting them against barnacles
and marine growth.
Second. In the production for the before-mentioned purposes of a composition
consisting of the following ingredients in conjunction with cantharides or with nux
vomica, or mixtures of the same, either in a state of division or in the form of
[Price 2d1

page_text: extract or solution .in a solvent of the active principle contained therein, viz. :-
Tar or pitch or mixtures of the same dissolved in a volatile solvent, such, for
example, as alcohol, together with palm or other vegetable oils, boiled linseed oil,
shellac, bichloride of mercury, arsenious acid, and pigments, such, for example, as
oxide of iron.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DOMESTIC FIRE HASTENERS OR FANS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Simpson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th April 1878.
JAMES SIMPSON, of 18, Chatham Street, Hanley, in the County of Stafford,
Joiner. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DOMESTIC FIRE HASTENERS OR FANS."
My Invention consists of a new and improved method of making domestic fire
hasteners or fans used for blowing up fires, and is as follows:-A circular fan, made
of sheet tin, brass, or other metal, with several vanes of a curved form, is fixed or
fitted so as to revolve inside a circular metal case of similar metal, about four
inches, more or less, in diameter, and two inches or more in width, revolving upon
a spindle projecting beyond the case at one end. The case is enclosed at each end
or side by a sheet of similar metal, convex in form at one end, and concave at the
other. On the convex side the air is admitted through apertures close to the
spindle, and on the concave side, or upon the surface of the case close to the rim,
there are apertures for the expulsion of the air which by the curved vanes of the
fan is drawn in upon the one side and expelled on the other when the fan is set in
motion. On the concave side a convex lid or cover of similar metal is affixed,
overlapping the case, and having a hole in the centre to which a metal pipe is
attached to convey the air as it is expelled to the fire; this pipe is jointed or bent
as may be necessary for the purpose, and made of such length as may be found
convenient. On the projecting end of the spindle a small toothed wheel is fixed,
which is turned by a larger wheel connected with a steel spring enclosed in a
metal case. This spring case is fixed to the top of the case containing the fan. A
foot or pedestal is also attached to the fan case, upon which the whole stands.
Motion is imparted by winding up the spring, which causes the fan to revolve.
The motion of the fan is regulated by a small brake of wood or metal, fitted to the
case so as to press against the large wheel, and worked by a screw.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF YARN, AND IN THE CARDING MACHINERY CONNECTED THEREWITH.
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Laidlaw and Thomas Fair-
grieve at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th February
1878.
""
WILLIAM LAIDLAW and THOMAS FAIRGRIEVE, both of Ludhope Mills, Galashiels,
in the County of Selkirk, North Britain, Yarn Spinners. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF YARN, AND IN THE CARDING MACHINERY CONNECTED THEREWITH.'
This said Invention has reference to the production or manufacture of a novel
form of irregular or lumpy sliver and yarn, suitable either for the warp or the
weft of certain fancy woven fabrics, and particularly intended for woollen yarns
and fabrics; and the Invention specially consists in the modes and means of
producing the said sliver and yarn, and in certain simple improvements in or
connected with the carding engines or machines for producing the irregular width
of sliver and said lumpy yarn; and the nature and novelty of the Invention
consist essentially in using or substituting for the rings of cards of uniform width
round the condenser doffer cylinders of carding machines (and which produce
sliver and yarn of the ordinary regular or uniform thickness) other rings of irregular
width, that is, with parallel narrow parts and broader parts alternately of the card
teeth round each ring of the doffer, preferably having the broad parts of the adjacent
rings opposite the narrow parts of the intermediate rings, so as to doff the fibre
more uniformly off the main carding cylinder, while each ring of the doffer raises
and delivers its individual sliver or rove of different width, which when passed
from the regular strippers and through the pressing and rubbing or rolling bands
is delivered in an irregular or lumpy rove ready for being spun into the said yarn,
all otherwise as usual in the ordinary spinning machines.
The carding machines for the production of this improved sliver and yarn are,
with the exceptions herein described, all otherwise constructed and worked as for
the production of the ordinary uniform yarn.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR MAINTAINING THE CHARGES OF GAS IN BALLOONS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Newbold at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th October 1878.
HENRY NEWBOLD, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Agent. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR MAINTAINING THE CHARGES OF
GAS IN BALLOONS."
My Invention relates to balloons or to bags or envelopes which are inflated with
hydrogen or carburetted hydrogen gas, and principally used for aeronautic purposes,
and my Invention has for its principal object to improve the means for maintaining.
the effective buoyancy of the balloons. To or with the balloon I attach or connect
one or more supplementary gas bags or reservoirs, which is or are made of a
suitable material, or of the same or of a similar material as or to the balloon. The
bag or each bag is connected with the lower part of the balloon, the connection
being provided with a valve opening outwards from the balloon, and it may also be
provided with a valve opening inwards, or one valve may serve both for the outlet
and inlet of gas, and be self-opening in one direction or be opened when required
both for the inlet and outlet of the gas. The said bag may be made of an elastic
material or be enclosed within an elastic netting, or be otherwise acted upon to
expel gas into the balloon when required, or 1 may depend upon the natural
tendency of the gas to rise. My Invention is, that. at times when the pressure of
gas in the balloon rises through an increase in its rarefaction, the excess of gas shall
pass into the bag, or bags, or reservoirs, and be stored therein until a decrease in
pressure within the balloon shall perinit of the return of gas thereto, the loss of gas
through its escape at the neck or valve into the atinosphere being thus prevented.
I prefer to close the neck of the balloon. To further maintain a sufficient charge of
gas in the balloon I produce hydrogen gas by chemical re-action, as for example, by
the re-action of zinc or iron water and sulphuric acid, and I admit the gas so
produced into the balloon. In the apparatus which I now consider to be suitable,
the materials are introduced into a sufficiently strong closed generator made of
011

page_text: copper or other suitable material; I provide the vessel with one or more charging
hoppers-which-are-provided-with-double-pass.cocks, valves, or doors. Matters may
thus be introduced into a hopper when the outer valve is opened and the inner
valve closed, and when the outer valve-is closed be passed into the generator.
I may use one hopper for-liquids, and another for solids.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CORKING BOTTLES, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Alfred Barlow at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th May 1878. A communication from
abroad by Joseph Jacob, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
WALTER ALFRED BARLOW, of 6, St. Paul's Churchyard, London, Patent Agent
and Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CORKING BOTTLES, AND IN APPARATUS
THEREFOR." A communication from abroad by Joseph Jacob, of Brussels, in the
Kingdom of Belgium.
This Invention relates to improvements in the corking of bottles, and to the
means or apparatus employed therefor, the object being to effect the extraction of
the air from between the cork and above the contents of the bottle, and allow of the
escape of superfluous liquid at the time of driving the cork into the bottle or vessel
mouth, whereby is obviated all liability of the bottles to breakage from bursting
aud all loss of liquid, at the same time that the corking is hermetic, and from the
total absence of air between the liquid and the cork is very superior to all others.
The apparatus is mounted in suitable framework, and consists of two or more
grooved rods, called needles, which serve to hold the cork in proper position for its
being entered perpendicularly into the vessel to be corked, said needles being
attached to or forming part of a plunger worked by a hand lever, to which last is
attached a spring. A movable funnel of conical form is fitted in the framing below
the said corking plunger, and below the funnel is mounted an adjustable holding
plate, upon which the bottle to be corked is placed, the mouth of which is brought
up to and against the conical funnel previously to the corking operation.
In using the apparatus the bottle or vessel to be corked, and already filled with
liquid, is placed upon the holding plate, and adjusted so as to fit the conical funnel
into the mouth. The cork placed between the needles is then forced down through
the conical funnel by means of the hand lever into the bottle, the result being that
if the vessel is too full all the liquid and the air previously occupying the space to
be occupied by the cork will escape by way of the grooves of the needles. The cork
having been driven in, and the needles withdrawn, the vessel or bottle remains

page_text: hermetically corked, and the liquid is not left in contact with the usual cushion of
air which by the ordinary process of corking remains in the vessel.
In consequence of the shape of the conical funnel, and its being movable, bottles
of various sizes may be used and corked by the same machine, and the operation of
corking may be carried on with extreme rapidity.
This apparatus may be readily applied and with but slight alteration in the
details of fitting to ordinary corking machines.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REPEATING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th May 1878. A communication
from abroad by George Van Valmisberg, of Neuhäusel, in the Kingdom of
Hungary, Senior Lieutenant of the Imperial Royal Sixth Regiment of
Hussars.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN REPEATING FIRE-ARMS."
[A communication from abroad by George Van Valmisberg, of Neuhäusel, in the
Kingdom of Hungary, Senior Lieutenant of the Imperial Royal Sixth Regiment of
Hussars.]
This Invention relates to arms of that class termed repeating fire-arms, and is
designed to provide the same with an appliance for successively lifting cartridges
from that part of the fire-armn where they are stored, and for bringing them in front
of the breech end of the barrel, and is intended especially for that class of fire-arms
in which the breech is closed by a breech block moveable forwards and backwards
in a line with the axis of the barrel.
The said appliance consists of a cartridge lifting piece pivotted or hinged in the
plane of the axis of the barrel, and provided with a partly straight and partly
curved groove, into which fits a stud or pin formed on the sliding breech block.
The arrangement is such that on drawing the breech block back away from the
breech: end of the barrel, the stud on the breech block will, by its sliding in the
curved groove or camway formed on the further end of the aforesaid cartridge
lifting piece, cause the same to turn downwards past the end of the first of a series
of cartridges situated in the cartridge holder arranged beneath the barrel of the fire-
arm, and a cartridge will then by the pressure of a spring in the cartridge holder
be forced on the said lifting piece. On the breech block being now slid towards

page_text: the breech end of the barrel, the hinged lifting piece will be raised by the said stud
Bliding back in the said curved cam groove until the hinged piece has lifted the
cartridge so far as to bring it in a line with the barrel. The breech block can then
when pushed farther forwards force the cartridge into the breech ond of the barrel
in the usual manner.
IMPROVEMENTS CONNECTED WITH ALARMS FOR WINDOWS, DOORS, AND SUCH LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Redman Kenyon, of 3, York Buildga., Dale Street,
Liverpool, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS CONNECTED WITH
ALARMS FOR WINDOWS, DOORS, AND SUCH LIKE PURPOSES."
Sealed the 17th May 1878, and dated the 15th March 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Redman Kenyon at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th March 1878.
THOMAS REDMAN KENYON, of 3, York Buildgs., Dale Street, Liverpool, Gentleman.
"IMPROVEMENTS CONNECTED WITH ALARMS FOR WINDOWS, DOORS, AND SUCH LIKE
PURPOSES."
The object of this Invention is to secure, as far as is practicable, immediate
warning to the inmates of houses, etcaetra, and to give timely notice in the event
of any attempt to enter the premises by either door or window, or to indicate neglect
if same be not properly closed.
The way in which I prefer to put this Invention into practice is as follows:-I
take a bell or alarm, which I fix on a landing, or in one of the upper rooms, or any
other suitable place, where immediate warning can be given to the whole of the
inmates of the house, and the alarm bell which I prefer is one which is worked by
a spiral spring, set in motion by the removal of a stop or stud caused by the opening
of the door or window, or whilst same is not properly closed, the alarm being con-
nected by bell wires and cranks, which may be fixed in any convenient manner,
and are employed for the purpose of securing the action of the alarm; but for
ordinary windows I prefer to employ a simple combination of levers, fixed on to a
plate which is let into the frame of the window, one crank being inwards connected
with the bell wire, and the other two outwards, connected to or with the frames or
sashes, one resting on the upper, the other on the lower window sash or frame,
fitted in small slots cut for the purpose, and so arranged that when either sash is

page_text: moved the inside lever is compressed, communicating the motion to the stop at
alarm.
When the windows are replaced the levers would be again thrown into position
by means of a small spring on the axle, to which all the three levers are united.
If any other form of bell or instrument by preference should be used the same
leverage could be employed.
For doors, French windows, etcetra, moving on a pivot, I apply a small bolt,
fitted with a small wheel or sheaf at the end thereof, over which the window or
door passing would compress the said bolt so fitted, thus communicating the motion
to the aforesaid lever; or, if preferred, the wires may be simply let in, or attached
without levers to the hinged portion of the wood, and work with the movement of
the door or window.
If it is thought preferable the wires may be sunk in the floor or fixed on the
upper portion of the door, as most convenient.
By means of a swivel, hook, or other simple arrangement near the bell or alarm
the wires can be readily disconnected when the apparatus is not required in
action,
IMPROVEMENT IN WHEELS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John Haddan, of the Firm of Herbert and
Company, Patent Agents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENT IN WHEELS." A communi-
cation from abroad by Isidore Bourke, M.D., Surgeon-Major in the British
Army, of Barrackpore, East Indies.
led the 30th July 1878, and dated the 19th February 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Herbert John Haddan at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th February 1878.
"
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Patent Agents,
of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. IMPROVEMENT IN
WHEELS." A communication from abroad by Isidore Bourke, M.D., Surgeon-
Major in the British Army, of Barrackpore, East Indies.
The improvement relates to wheels called "tension," that is, to those constructed
with spokes of any material capable of contraction or expansion, and consists in
forming the pipe box or nave of the wheel of two or more parts, screwed or
otherwise attached, and worked telescopically one over the other in such fashion
that, when desired, the outer periphery of the nave may be moved in or out, and the
spokes attached thereto thereby contracted.
The pipe box may be of metal or other suitable material, with a flange or other
contrivance for receiving and holding the spokes, which may be attached thereto in
any convenient manner.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Herbert John Haddan in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 17th
August 1878.
"
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Patent Agents,
of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. IMPROVEMENT IN
WHEELS." A communication from abroad by Isidore Bourke, M.D., Surgeon-
Major in the British Army, of Barrackpore, East Indies.
The improvement relates to wheels called "tension," that is, to those constructed
with spokes of any material capable of contraction or expansion, and consists in
forming the pipe box or nave of the wheel of two or more parts, screwed or other-
wise attached, and worked telescopically one over the other in such fashion that,
when desired, the outer periphery of the nave or hub may be moved in or out, and
spokes attached thereto thereby loosened or tightened.
The pipe box may be of metal or other suitable material, with a flange or other
contrivance for receiving and holding the spokes, of any suitable material, which
may be attached thereto in any convenient manner.
The Drawing hereunto annexed will serve to illustrate a convenient and
practical mode of performing the Invention.
The Figure represents a longitudinal section through the pipe box and adjusting
screws.
a is the pipe box; b, adjusting screws; c, moveable hub, nave, or flange, to which
spokes may be attached in any suitable manner.
In witness whereof, I, the said Herbert John Haddan, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of August, A.D. 1878.
H. J. HADDAN. (L.S.)
AN IMPROVED POWDER FOR USE IN FIERY COAL MINES, AND OTHER MINES, QUARRIES, AND ROCKS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Edward Hughes and Samuel
Wynne Jones at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd April
1878.
THOMAS EDWARD HUGHES, of Llangollen, in the County of Denbigh, Mining
Engineer, and SAMUEL WYNNE JONES, of Llangollen aforesaid, Colliery Manager.
"AN IMPROVED POWDER FOR USE IN FIERY COAL MINES, AND OTHER MINES,
QUARRIES, AND ROCKS."
This Invention relates to a new powder, which powder may be advantageously
used in fiery coal mines, and other mines, and in quarries, rocks, and in tunnelling,
as a substitute for gunpowder and other explosive agents now employed for
blasting.
To make our powder we use unslaked lime compressed into cartridges, or
unslaked lime used loosely and well tamped down in the hole, using water or other
liquid or liquefaction to saturate the lime.
The advantages to be derived from the use of our powder are, economy in the
production of coal; making less slack than by using the ordinary blasting gun-
powder; lives of colliers are less in danger, as by the use of the ordinary blasting
gunpowder there is a flash of fire which often comes in contact and ignites the
explosive gas in fiery mines; also breaking coal in the back is a special character-
istic, as by the use of ordinary blasting powder its force in going out shatters the
coal, and therefore much slack is made.
The powder will be used in the following way:-The cartridge or the loose
unslaked lime is placed in the hole, using water or other liquid or liquefaction to
saturate it, and well tamped down with any substance to confine the expansion of
the lime and the gas arising from it. It will not, like gunpowder, foul the air,
nor does it create smoke, but rather tends to improve the quality of the atmo-
sphere.
When used in fiery coal mines there is no risk of those dreadful accidents which
frequently occur in fiery mines.
PROVEMENTS IN BRAKES FOR LOCKING THE WHEELS OF CARTS AND CARRIAGES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund King at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th June 1878.
"IM-
EDMUND KING, of Ashley Hall, Newmarket, in the County of Cambridge.
PROVEMENTS IN BRAKES FOR LOCKING THE WHEELS OF CARTS AND CARRIAGES.”
This Invention has for its object improvements in brakes for locking the wheels
of carts and carriages.
Accidents with tradesmen's carts and other vehicles are constantly occurring from
the horse starting and running away whilst the driver is away.
In order to prevent accidents of this nature it is very desirable that the driver
of a cart or carriage should have the power of locking a wheel from the driving
seat, so that when he has to descend for any purpose he may first render it
impossible for the horse to start off at more than a moderate pace.
According to my Invention I effect this object by connecting by a joint to the
body of the cart or carriage an arm, which can be operated upon by a rod passing
to the side of the driving seat, and can, by means of this rod, be turned down at
pleasure to a horizontal position, and so as to pass betweon the spokes of the
wheel,
The rod may be made to operate upon the arm through the medium of a rack
and quadrant.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANICAL APPLIANCES AND APPARATUS FOR CHARGING OR FILLING GLASS AND OTHER BOTTLES WITH AERATED OR OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bull at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd August 1878.
WILLIAM BULL, of No. 4, Lancaster Place, Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer. " IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANICAL APPLIANCES AND APPARATUS FOR
CHARGING OR FILLING GLASS AND OTHER BOTTLES WITH AERATED OR OTHER LIQUIDS."
This Invention relates to charging or filling glass and other bottles with aërated
or other liquids, and consists of new or improved bottle holding and bottle filling
and closing mechanism.
The object of the said Invention is to dispense with skilled labour, and save the
breakage of bottles in the filling and closing operations
In carrying out the said Invention I mount a bottle holding table upon suitablo
supports, and cause the same to revolve and tip in a horizontal or inclined position
by suitable mechanical devices, or the bottle holder may be made to rotate partially
or slide backwards and forwards. This table is formed with a number of perfora-
tions or caps in which the bottles are placed in a vertical or inverted position. Over
or under the said table I place a filling tap, which is so constructed that it will
deliver a certain measured quantity of liquid only at one time, and thus prevent
the bottles from exploding from overcharging.
The nipples used in conjunction with the filling tap are made to open by the
application of sufficient force when inserted in the mouth of the bottle, and to
be self-closing when the bottle is removed. As the bottles pass in succession
under or over the nipples, a forward and backward movement of a cranked lever,
attached to a suitable frame, which also carries the tap and other mechanism, opens
and closes the filling tap before mentioned, and presses the bottles downwards oF
upwards as the case may require.
The nipples are made with a cork-holding chamber for closing bottles intended to
be corked. The bottles being placed in the perforations or cups of the table

page_text: before-mentioned, the required movements of the entire mechanism and apparatus
are imparted thereto by the simple motion of the lever before described, and thus
the necessity for skilled labour is dispensed with while the limited quantity of
liquid delivered by the measuring tap at each stroke of the lover prevents the
bottles from being overcharged.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd October 1878. A communi-
cation from abroad by Meyers Coryelle, of Paris, France.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS." [A communication from
abroad by Meyers Coryelle, of Paris, France.]
This Invention consists, 1st, in providing a vertical boiler with flues or fire tubes
coiled helically and leading from the crown of the fire-box to a smoke box at the
upper part of the boiler, and 2ndly, in the combination therewith of an outer helical
tube encircling the first-mentioned tubes and connecting the side of the fire-box
with the side of the smoke box.
In order that the Invention may be more readily understood I will proceed to
describe it in detail with reference to the accompanying Drawings, in which Figure 1
is a vertical section, and Figure 2 a horizontal section of a vertical boiler having
the first-mentioned tubes only, and Figures 3 and 4, similiar sections of a boiler
provided with both sets of tubes.
a is the shell of the boiler; b, the fire-box, to the crown c of which are rivetted or
otherwise connected a set of helically twisted tubes d, whose upper ends are fixed to
a tube plate e rivetted to the outer shell a, and forming the bottom of a sinoke box
or dome within the steam space, into which box said tubes & lead from the fire-
box and communicating with the chimney f. o are apertures in the plate e to
allow the steam to ascend into the steam space p around the box r. To strengthen
plate e and enable it to carry the smoke box it is supported by angle irons s, and
may be stayed like a fire-box. n are the fire-box stays. In the Drawing 6 helical
tubes d are shown, but any number may be used. is the fire-box door; l, the
fire-grate.
.
The modified boiler, Figures 3 and 4, is provided with an additional tube m, said
tube encircling the tubes d, and leading from the side of the fire-box b in a helical
direction upwards to and passing through the plate e to the smoke box », which it
also enters at the side. The products of combustion pass through this tube as well
as through the tubes d.

page_text: The advantages of the helical form of tube are that it affords complete freedom
for expansion and contraction without causing distortion of the tube or any strain
on the joints; that the dilation of the tubes cracks and loosens the incrustation
that may form on them; the facility afforded for cleaning the tubes and likewise
of fixing and unfixing them; the extent of heating surface obtained and the 5
utilisation of the whole heat of the furnace by the gases being obliged to turn and
follow the convolutions of the tubes before reaching the smoke box.
AN APPARATUS TO OBVIATE EXPLOSIONS OF BOILERS AND OTHER VESSELS SUBJECTED TO PRESSURE
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Napier, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid
Lothian, North Britain, for the Invention of "AN APPARATUS TO OBVIATE
EXPLOSIONS OF BOILERS AND OTHER VESSELS SUBJECTED TO PRESSURE."
Sealed the 1st November 1878, and dated the 7th May 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Napier at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th May 1878.
JOHN NAPIER, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian, North Britain.
"AN APPARATUS TO OBVIATE EXPLOSIONS OF BOILERS AND OTHER VESSELS SUB-
JECTED TO PRESSURE."
This Invention, which relates to an apparatus to obviate explosions of boilers
and other vessels subjected to pressure, consists in attaching to the boiler or vessel
a plate of copper or other metal of similar qualities and ductility, which plate is
firmly secured between two perforated plates of iron or other metal, and is covered
by them on its upper and lower sides, except at the places of perforation, these
places corresponding to each other in the upper and lower plates.
The perforations are greater or less in diameter, according to the size of the
boiler or other vessel.
Direct communication is established between the apparatus and the interior of
the boiler or vessel, and according as the thickness of the intermediate plate afore-
said is varied with reference to the strength of the boiler or other vessel it resists a
greater or less pressure, and when this pressure is exceeded the steain or other
agent causes the intermediate plate to give way at one or more points between the
corresponding perforations of the upper and under plates, and by the steam or
other agent escaping from the boiler or vessel an explosion is prevented.

page_text: The apparatus which is intended to be accessory to the ordinary safety valve
may be either attached to the shell of the boiler or other vessel, or fitted to a tube
or neck secured to the boiler or vessel; in order to give additional security the
apparatus inay be fitted in two or more places on the boiler or vessel subjected to
pressure, the plates are so attached together and to the boiler that the intermediate 5
plate may be readily removed and replaced by a fresh one.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ARTIFICIALLY THAWING SNOW AND FROZEN WATER, APPLICABLE TO STREETS IN GENERAL AND TO RAIL AND TRAM- ROADS IN PARTICULAR
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Honoré-Romain-Bruno Windels at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st July 1878.
HONORÉ-ROMAIN-BRUNO WINDELS, of Brussels, Belgium, Mechanic, Rue Des-
pierres, 3. IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ARTIFICIALLY THAWING SNOW
AND FROZEN WATER, APPLICABLE TO STREETS IN GENERAL AND TO RAIL AND TRAM-
ROADS IN PARTICULAR."
This apparatus is intended for thawing snow and ice on roads and streets, but
more particularly on railways and tramways. It is drawn by manual or by horse
power, and is heated by means of gas from a compressed gas reservoir, or by spirits
of wine, by petroleum, or other oil, all according to circumstances.
According to one arrangement, I enclose a high-pressure gas reservoir in a
wooden case provided with a lid; from each side of the reservoir I lead a pipe
fitted with a tap to and through the centre of a hollow iron roller, which is pierced
by a few holes at each end for air admission; the gas pipe entering the roller ends
fitting quite loosely therein is inside the roller fitted with jets or burners, which
when supplied with gas and lit serve to heat the roller, which can turn easily on
the central gas pipe; the roller has also a few holes in the circumference.
The box containing the gas reservoir is carried or dragged like a sledge or wheel-
barrow by a man or a horse. India-rubber hose may be connected to the gas pipes
at the sides of the hollow roller for melting extra large quantities of snow if
required.
For heating by means of oil I fit the inside of the roller with a lamp
having a reservoir wider at the top and extending nearly the length of the roller;
it may be filled with sponge or wicks soaked in oil; there is a number of wick
burners in one or more rows; the wicks are raised for lighting and lowered for
extinguishing by means of one or more spindles, which by means of a key can be
operated through the openings in the ends of the hollow roller. The gas tubes are
replaced by rods, which at their ends fit in square holes in the lamp reservoir, which
is thus prevented from turning.

page_text: Instead of several burners a single one may be used for the whole length of the
lamp; or instead of oil I may use breeze mixed with oil or grease in a furnace or
beating appliance fitted in the roller.
For a railway I use a hollow roller, as described, but fitted at each end with a
hollow wheel of the form of a railway wheel, and provided with holes at the face
part of the rim.
For tramways I fit the roller at each end with a hollow wheel or disc, with holes
in the circumference; these wheels work in the tramway grooves.
For many cases an ordinary wheelbarrow may be used for carrying the gas
reservoir, which is united to the roller by india-rubber hose pipes.