Improvements in Lixiviating, Steaming and Aörating.
Year: 1896

page_text: Improvements in Lixiviating, Steaming and Aörating.
I, JAMES HARGREAVES, of Farnworth-in-Widnes, in the County of Lancaster,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to lixiviating, steaming and aërating, and consists in
improved methods of employing the liquids, vapours or gases, and of arranging
and working the vessels. Under the term "steaming," I include cases where
the operation is effected by the employment of condensable vapour; and by
"aërating," I mean where the operation is effected by the use of a gas.
Lixiviation may in some cases be effected by the use of vapour alone; the
products of condensation supplying the liquid required for lixiviation and at
the same time raising the temperature of the materials treated. The operations
of lixiviating, steaming and abrating may all be carried on simultaneously. When
the quantity of liquid resulting from the condensation of vapour is insufficient
to lixiviate the materials, liquid may be added to supply the deficiency.
In carrying out my invention, I arrange the vessels one above the other, each
vessel with its contents being added at the bottom of the series. After being
partially treated, whilst at or towards the lower part of the series, each vessel
is in turn raised so as to allow the next succeeding vessel with its contents to be
introduced at the bottom of the series. The liquid, vapour or gas, is caused to
flow downwards through and amongst the materials contained in the several
vessels constituting each series. At the top of each series of vessels are provided
suitable appliances for supplying and distributing the liquid, vapour or gas used
in the aforesaid operations. The vessels may be of metal, wood, earthenware,
glass or other substance adapted to the character of the materials to be employed.
The joints and connections between the superposed vessels pertaining to any
series may be made tight by means of india-rubber or other suitable packing
material; or the surfaces of the said joints may be machined and rendered
mechanically accurate so as to dispense with the use of jointing materials.
Where the vessels are too large to be handled conveniently, I provide mechanical
appliances adapted for enabling each series of vessels to be raised whilst
another, or others, is, or are, added beneath, or for removing the upper vessels,
as may be desired.
In cases where the temperature is of importance, I fit the vessels with ther-
mometers in such a manner that the temperature may be readily and constantly
observed. Such instruments may be permanently fixed; in which case, they
are arranged in such a manner as to be protected from injury whilst the vessels
are being moved about.

page_text: Improvements in Lixiviating, Steaming and Aërating.
I, JAMES HARGREAVES, of Farnworth-in-Widnes, in the County of Lancaster,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by,
the following statement:-
This invention relates to lixiviating, steaming and aërating, and consists in
improved methods of employing the liquids, vapours or gases, and of arranging
and working the vessels. Under the term "steaming," I include cases where
the operation is effected by the employment of condensable vapour; and by
"aërating" I mean where the operation is effected by the use of a gas.
Lixiviation may in some cases be effected by the use of vapour alone; the
products of condensation supplying the liquid required for lixiviation and at
the same time raising the temperature of the materials treated. The operations
of lixiviating, steaming and aërating may all be carried on simultaneously. When
the quantity of liquid resulting from the condensation of vapour is insufficient
to lixiviate the materials, liquid may be added to supply the deficiency.
In carrying out my invention, I arrange the vessels one above the other, each
vessel with its contents being added at the bottom of the series. After being
partially treated, whilst at or towards the lower part of the series, each vessel
is in turn raised so as to allow the next succeeding vessel with its contents to be
introduced at the bottom of the series. The liquid, vapour or gas, is caused to
flow downwards through and amongst the materials contained in the several
vessels constituting each series. At the top of each series of vessels are provided
suitable appliances for supplying and distributing the liquid, vapour or gas used
in the aforesaid operations. The vessels may be of metal, wood, earthenware,
glass or other substance adapted to the character of the materials to be treated.
The joints and connections between the superposed vessels pertaining to any
series may be made tight by means of india-rubber or other suitable packing
material; or the surfaces of the said joints may be machined and rendered
mechanically accurate so as to dispense with the use of jointing materials.
Where the vessels are too large to be handled conveniently, I provide mechanical
appliances adapted for enabling each series of vessels to be raised whilst
another, or others, is, or are, added beneath, or for removing the upper vessels,
as may be desired.
In cases where the temperature is of importance, I fit the vessels with ther-
mometers in such a manner that the temperature may be readily and constantly
observed. Such instruments may be permanently fixed; in which case, they
are arranged in such a manner as to be protected from injury whilst the vessels
are being moved about.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is performed, I claim :-
1. In lixiviating, steaming and aerating, causing liquid, vapour, or gas to pass
downwards through a series of vessels containing the materials to be treated,
each newly charged vessel being introduced at the bottom or lower part of the series,

page_text: then gradually raised as each similarly charged vessel is introduced beneath,
and ultimately removed on arrival at the top of the series.
Dated this 17th day of August 1897.
191,
G. G. M. HARDINGHAM,
Fleet Street, London, E.C., Chartered Patent Agent.