IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF CRAVATS AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Simon Hayem, âiné, of Boulevard Saint Denis, No. 1, at
Paris, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF CRAVATS AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES."
'
J
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Simon Hayem at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th July 1877.
:
SIMON HAYEM, âiué, of Boulevard Saint Denis, No. 1, at Paris, Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CRAVATS AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES."
Hitherto the metal clasps or closing pieces for cravats or neckties, and the main-
taining pieces employed on the backs of these articles to keep them in their places
round the neck, have usually been sewn on to the stuff with ordinary threads,
which gives rise to the grave inconvenience of never being solid enough to give
to the clasp or closing piece all the rigidity necessary for good working.
The threads very often break, and one is sometimes obliged to lay aside the
cravat or necktie, which has been scarcely used, in consequence of the defects of
the closing piece.
This Invention consists in replacing altogether the use of sewing in fixing the
metal clasps or closing pieces, and at the same time the piece or strap round the
neck, and the maintaining pieces for the ends or tips of the latter (when passed
through the clasp or closing piece), and in general all the working parts of the
cravat or necktie, by the novel application of pins or rivets fixed through eyelet
holes in the stuff, thereby giving most perfect solidity, combined with great
economy in manufacture and material.
In carrying out this Invention, the metal clasp or closing piece is formed at any
desirable part of its circumference with two or more ears or lugs pierced with small
holes through which and through corresponding holes in the strap at the turn of
the neck, and through the cravat or necktie are passed taper pins or rivets, which
are caused to take a firm hold on the stuff by means of washers placed over their
ends, the latter being then rivetted or burred over against the washers, so as to

page_text: obtain a very solid and firm fixing for the clasp or closing piece as well as for the
strap.
The maintaining piece (or that piece confining the end or tip of the strap) is also
formed at each end with a lug or ear, and is fixed to the stuff in a similar manner
to that described for the clasp or closing piece, thereby offering great rigidity and
facility for the passage of the closing end of the strap.
According to another part of this Invention a maintaining piece, similar to that
last described, is fixed to the lower end of the breast piece of the cravat or necktie,
and is connected by an elastic and adjustable cord or belt with the waistband or
other part of the trousers, by which arrangement the breast piece of the cravat or
necktie is kept extended in its proper position, but at the same time lightly against
the shirt.
The clasps or closing pieces and maintaining pieces may be made of metal or any
other desired material.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Simon Hayem in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 9th January
1878.
SIMON HAYEM, ainé, of Boulevard Saint Denis, No. 1, at Paris, Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CRAVATS AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES."
Hitherto the metal clasps or closing pieces for cravats or neckties, and the main-
taining pieces employed on the backs of these articles to keep them in their places
round the neck, have usually been sewn on to the stuff with ordinary threads,
which give rise to the grave inconvenience of never being solid enough to give
to the clasp or closing piece all the rigidity necessary for good working. The
threads very often break, and one is sometimes obliged to lay aside the cravat
or necktie, which has been scarcely used, in consequence of the defects of tho
closing piece.
This Invention consists in replacing altogether the use of sewing in fixing the
metal clasps or closing pieces, and at the same time the piece or strap round the
neck, and the maintaining pieces for the ends or tips of the latter when passed
round the neck, and in general all the working parts of the cravat or necktie, by
the novel application of pins or rivets fixed through eyelet holes in the stuff,
thereby giving a most perfect solidity, combined with great economy of manufacture
and material.
In carrying out this Invention, the metal clasp or closing piece is formed at any
desirable part of its circumference with two or more ears or lugs pierced with small
holes through which, and through corresponding holes in the strap at the turn
of the neck, and through the cravat or necktie are passed taper pins or rivets,
which are caused to take a firm hold on the stuff by means of washers placed over
their ends. The latter being then rivetted or burred over against the washers, so
as to obtain a very solid and firm fixing for the clasp or closing piece as well as for
the strap.
Themaintaining piece (or that piece confining the end or tip of the strap) is also
formed at each end with a lug or ear, and is fixed to the stuff in a similar manner

page_text: to that described for the clasp or closing piece, thereby offering great rigidity and
facility for the passage of the closing end of the strap.
According to another part of this Invention, a maintaining piece, similar to that
last described, is fixed to the lower end of the breast piece of the cravat or necktie,
and is connected by an elastic and adjustable cord or belt with the waistcoat or
other part of the trousers, by which arrangement the breast piece of the cravat or
necktie is kept extended in its proper position, but at the same time lightly against
the shirt.
The clasps or closing pieces and maintaining pieces may be made of metal or
any other desirable material.
And in order that the said Invention may be well understood, I shall now proceed
more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall refer to the several
Figures on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, like letters of reference indicating.
corresponding parts in all the Figures.
Fig. 1 is a back view of a cravat or necktie complete, with its closing and main-
taining pieces constructed and fixed according to my Invention; Fig. 2, a detached
back view; and Fig. 3, a side or edge view of the curved metal plate or clasp of
the same; Figs. 4 and 5, similar views respectively of the maintaining piece of the
same.
I make the curved metal plate or clasp of the closing piece a (seen also in Fig. 8),
with two or more ears or lugs b, b, arranged at any desirable parts of its circum-
ference, and formed with holes, corresponding with which are similar holes
pierced through the stuff forming the necktic or cravat, at the turn of the
neck, the closing piece a is secured to the stuff by the pins or rivets c, c,
Figs. 2, 3, and 6, which are passed through the said holes, and secured on the
other side of the material by washers d, d, (Fig. 2,) nipped by a tool specially used
for the purpose.
The maintaining picce f, Figs. 4 and 5, is also formed with lugs or ears g, g, (see
also in Fig. 9) and is secured to the back piece of the cravat by the pins c, c, and
washers d, d, as in the case of the closing piece a, thereby ensuring great rigidity,
and facilitating the passage of the neck strap through the same. By this method
of fixing the closing and maintaining pieces a very solid and firm setting is obtained,
and the durability of the necktie or cravat greatly increased.
Z
Fig. 10 shews an additional maintaining piece f¹, fixed in a similar manner to
that above described at the back of the lower end of the breast piece of the cravat
or necktie i, and receiving thereat the upper end of an elastic or other adjustable
belt, which is passed at its lower end over one of the buttons of the trousers j, by
which means the breast piece of the cravat or necktie is kept extended in its
proper position, and at the same time lightly against the front of the shirt.
The belt (see Figs. 11 and 12) which may be made of india-rubber or any
other durable material is provided at its upper end with a hook l, which hooks on
to the maintaining piece f¹, and at its lower end with a ring m, for attachment to
the trousers, as shewn in Fig. 10. Or, in lieu of the ring m, a hook n may be
employed for engaging in one of the button holes of the trousers. Again, the
hook may be replaced by a swivel, either by the simple winding of the belt k,
as shewn in Fig. 13, or of any other description. The swivel l' may be supplied or
not with a ring ", and the whole may be nickeled, silvered, varnished; or raised
by any kind of ornamentation that may be found desirable.
Fig. 14 is a front view of the tail or free end of the neck strap of a cravat, which
is formed with an eyelet hole c, set so as to form the end protector thereto; Fig. 15
is a side or edge view of the same.
Fig. 16 shews the tongue of metal, pasteboard, or other material sufficiently rigid
to give to the tail or free end of the neck strap the necessary stiffness.
Figs. 17 to 22 are detail views, shewing the construction and mode of setting the
eyelet hole c (Fig. 14).
The tongue a being inserted into the tail or free end of the cravat, and pierced
at its end with the hole b, the two eyelet holes c (Fig. 17) and d (Fig. 18) are

page_text: applied as seen in Fig. 19, where the eyelet hole c being smaller in diameter than
the eyelet hole d allows of its admission into the latter, and the two eyelet holes are
then closed together on the stuff on each side, and become as seen in Fig. 20, thereby
forming an end protector of great solidity and durability, it being impossible for it
o become detached from the strap.
In lieu of two eyelet holes c and d, one eyelet hole ƒ (Fig. 21) may be used,
in which case it is sufficiently long. to be closed over (as seen in Fig. 22) when fixed
in position.
The closing piece a, maintaining pieces f, f1, with the belt k, and its appendages,
as also the end protector and eyelet holes or fastenings for the same, may be made
of any desirable form or material.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into effect, I would
observe in conclusion that what I consider novel and original, and therefore
claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is,
1. The application and use of eyelet holes in combination with pins or rivets, and
washers, in lieu of the sewing hitherto used to the closing and maintaining pieces
of cravats or neckties, substantially as and for the purposes herein-before described,
and illustrated by Figs. 1 to 10 on the accompanying Drawing.
2. The combination of the maintaining piece fixed according to the preceding
claim on the breast piece of a cravat with an adjustable belt and with the trousers,
substantially as and for the purpose herein-before described, and illustrated by Figs.
10 to 13 on the accompanying Drawing.
3. The application and use of eyelet holes in forming the end protector of the tail
or free end of a cravat or necktie, substantially as herein-before described, and
illustrated by Figs. 14 to 22 on the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Simon Hayem, ainé, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
Witness,
ALBERT CAHEN,
Civil Engineer,
of Boulevard Saint Denis, 1,
At Paris.
S. HAYEM, aine. (L.S.)