matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE PROCESS OF AND IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING METALS FROM THEIR ORES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
January 1859. A communication from Lewis Solomon, of New York,
in the United States of America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents; 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE PROCESS OF AND
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING METALS FROM THEIR ORES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the use of a novel arrangement of apparatus for
effecting the intimate combination of gold or silver with mercury, for the
purpose of separating the precious metals from the ground or pulverized ores
of those metals. The apparatus (which is erected in a closed apartment or
closet heated by steam or otherwise,) consists of a main shaft turning in
bearings suitably supported and carrying a series of chambers for receiving
the ore to be operated upon. These chambers are arranged radially around
the same hub or boss, and braced to each other at their outer extremities by
stays, and they are each provided with a collar at their outer end through
which is an opening sufficiently large to put in the ground ore. A plug or
bung fits this opening and is held in place by a cap secured to the collar;
through the centre of this cap and bung a small hole is made for pouring in
and discharging the mercury, and it is stopped by a plug which in turn is
secured by a bar placed across its end. To facilitate the amalgamating

page_text: operation about twelve shots more or less of six pounds weight each, are
placed in each chamber, and as there are several distinct operations to be
performed in working this machine, it is found desirable in order to prevent
any mistake in the charging or discharging of the several chambers
successively to affix a register to each, by means of which each operation as it
is performed is indicated. Into these chambers the ore properly prepared is
placed, and mercury in suitable quantity is added thereto.
Rotary motion is now communicated to the apparatus and an artificial heat
kept up in the closet or apartinent containing the apparatus during the
progress of the operation. When the amalgamation of the metals in each
chamber is completed the amalgam is withdrawn by removing, the small plugs
of the chambers and turning them severally head downwards, and afterwards
the remaining contents of the chambers are discharged by withdrawing the
larger plugs. For the collection of the amalgam and expulsion of free
mercury the mercurial portion of the contents of the chambers is subjected
to pressure in chamois leather bags, after which the amalgam may be distilled
and the gold melted down in crucibles and cast in the usual manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC BATTERIES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Septimus Beardmore at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th August
1859.
I, SEPTIMUS BEARDMORE, of No. 27, Albion Street, Hyde Park, London,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC BATTERIES," to be as follows:-
The improvements which I propose to effect in the construction of electric
batteries refers to such batteries as are termed earth batteries, and consist in
the improved method which I adopt for bringing the positive and negative
metals into electrolytic connection with the moisture of the earth, whilst at the
same time I preserve the metals from undue oxidation. This I do by using
porous cells for the positive and negative metals or substances which I place
in ground specially prepared as follows:-I dig a hole in the earth to such a
depth as will secure for me a uniform condition of moisture, which hole will
vary in depth in accordance with the conditions of the soil in which it is dug.
I then fill this hole up with sand or fine earth mixed with one of the deli-
quescent salts, which shall have the property of absorbing the moisture of the
atmosphere. Into the ground thus prepared I place my cell, composed partially
or wholly of porous material, and place in it a positive metal or substance
which I excite in the usual manner. I fill another hole with sand or fine
earth, similarly prepared, and place in it a porous cell containing a negative
metal or substance excited in the usual manner, and I connect these positive
and negative metals with an insulated wire. There is no limit to the distance
at which these cells may be placed apart, so long as the prepared earth in the

page_text: hole which has been made, shall be in electrolytic connection with the uniform
moisture of the earth, and so long as the surfaces of my positive and negative
metals or substances are of sufficient size to generate the necessary "quantity"
electricity for the particular purpose to which I wish to apply the current.
A NEW MACHINE FOR PUTTING ON, EQUALIZING, & DRYING THE COLORS ON PAPER FOR HANGINGS, BOOK- BINDING, BOARDING, AND FANCY PAPER OF EVERY DESCRIPTION
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jozé Luis at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th January
1859. A communication from J. P. Faure, residing, in Paris, in the
Empire of France.
I, Joze Luis, of the British & Foreign Office for Patents, No. 1", Welbeck
Street, Cavendish Square, London, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW MACHINE FOR
PUTTING ON, EQUALIZING, & DRYING THE COLORS ON PAPER FOR HANGINGS, BOOK-
BINDING, BOARDING, AND FANCY PAPER OF EVERY DESCRIPTION," (a communication
to me from J. P. Faure, residing in Paris, in the Empire of France, to be
as follows:-
The principle on which this Invention rests is the idea of the triple rotation
of brushes, imitating the work performed by the workman.
The triple rotation of brushes is obtained by means of a disc having a
continued circular movement communicated to it by bevil wheels or pullies
placed on a longitudinal shaft, which receives its movement directly from
the driving shaft. The driving shaft can be governed by a crank, cog-work,
or pullies, in order to give the necessary velocity for drawing on the paper.
On the disc pinions are arranged governing the brushes, which are also drawn
by the circular movement of the discs, and by their gearing with the toothed
wheel the pinions are thus obliged to rotate on themselves during the circular
movement of the disc. In order to force the brushes to work successively on
the different points of their circumference, the rods carrying them and passing

page_text: by the centre of the pinions are simply bent at right angles. The axles of the
brushes are screw cut, so that they can be changed and more or less pressure
be given to them on the paper, as required; a counter screw serves to fix them
when arranged. The slope of the brushes, arranged so as to cause them to
work successively on all parts of their circumference, is a principal part in the
Invention. The number of brushes as well as of discs may vary according to
the size of the paper (which may be in sheets or rolls), and to the degree of
finish or polish to be given to it.
What the Inventor claims is the triple rotation of brushes in the application
of putting on, equalizing, & drying the colors on papers, as above described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ELASTIC FABRICS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Archibald Turner, of Leicester, Elastic Web Manu-
facturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
ELASTIC FABRICS."
Sealed the 21st February 1860, and dated the 6th December 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Archibald Turner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
December 1859.
I, ARCHIBALD TURNER, of Leicester, Elastic Web Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF ELASTIC FABRICS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in the manufacture of elastic fabrics relates
to a novel mode of producing an elastic fabric with a fine terry surface.
In carrying out my Invention I use a large number of fine elastic strands of
india-rubber, which I place much closer together than is usually the case in
making corrugated fabrics or shurred goods, taking care, however, that there
is a clear space between all the elastic strands, so that the two covering fabrics

page_text: between which the elastic strands are placed may be cemented together. The
inner surfaces of the covering fabrics are coated with india-rubber, or other
elastic cement, and the elastic strands having been properly arranged between
the fabrics, the whole are passed between rollers so as to cause them to com-
bine and become one united but compound fabric.
In order to produce the terry surface, the rollers or one of them should be
grooved or corrugated, and when the fabric has been passed between them the
grooved or corrugated roller will indent the surface of the fabric and impart
thereto an appearance closely resembling a fine terry fabric.
IMPROVEMENTS IN IMPLEMENTS FOR PLOUGHING, TILLING, AND PARING LAND
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Woofe at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th January
1859.
I, WILLIAM WOOFE, of the City of Gloucester, Agriculturist, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN IMPLEMENTS
FOR PLOUGHING, TILLING, AND PARING LAND," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing ploughs and such other agricultural
implements as are or may be constructed with beams, in manner hereafter set
forth. I form that part of the beam to which the shares, or parers, or other
tools for acting on the soil are affixed, in the shape of a frame, so that two or
more sets of shares, parers, or tools may be fitted to the same beam. I hinge
this frame at front, and on an independent frame I mount an axis for carrying
a front or guide wheel. At the back of the frame carrying the shares or
other tools I place two large wheels, and cause them to travel within the path
of the shares, parers, or tools. The beam frame, front wheel frame, and
handles are so combined and united that, upon depressing the handles the
shares, parers, or other tools are released from the soil, when the implement
may be moved or turned upon its wheels.
Another part of my Invention consists in forming a skeleton or openwork
mould board for parers when used for paring stubble; and instead of fitting the
shank of paring knives in parers closely in the eye or loop, as is now done, I
make the loop sufficiently large to enable wedges or screws to be used to effect
the fastening. By employing wedges and screws, the knives may be readily
Knives--may

page_text: removed, whereas now they are found to rust and become fixed in the loops;
they also admit of adjustment according to their wear.
For some purposes where land requires to be pulverized or cleaned, my
Invention further consists in the employment of revolving teeth, which are set
to act upon the soil while leaving, or immediately after leaving the turnfurrow 5
or mould board.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF GLASS AND EARTHENWARE VESSELS FOR CONTAINING FLUIDS, PARTICULARLY SUCH VESSELS AS ARE INTENDED TO CONTAIN FLUIDS WHICH MAY EXERT DYNAMIC FORCE ON THE STOPPERS OF SUCH VESSELS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Berry at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th October
1859.
I, GEORGE BERRY, of Number 19, Buttesland Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF GLASS AND EARTHENWARE VESSELS FOR
CONTAINING FLUIDS, PARTICULARLY SUCH VESSELS AS ARE INTENDED TO CONTAIN
FLUIDS WHICH MAY EXERT DYNAMIC FORCE ON THE STOPPERS OF SUCH VESSELS," to
be as follows:
I construct the said vessels with two necks or orifices, whereby when such
necks or orifices are closed with proper stoppers connected together in the
interior of such vessels, and when the internal areas of such stopper are alike,
the dynamic force, if any, of the contained fluids upon the stoppers is neu-
tralized, and when the internal areas of such stoppers are unlike, then the
dynamic force on the stoppers is diminished to the difference of the areas of
the two stoppers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPURS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Prichard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th October
1859.
I, JOHN PRICHARD, of 6, Whitehall, in the County of Middlesex, Esquire,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SPURS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to render spurs more easy in attaching them to
and detaching them from the heels of boots than spurs hitherto constructed for
that purpose, and is effected in the following manner :-Into the heel of the
boot is screwed a large headed screw, having a deep slot cut in its head. The
spur is made with tongues bent inwards at its ends, which tongues fit round the
square corners of the inner part of the heel, near the waist of the boot; at the
inner part of the spur, near the neck, is inserted a flat piece of metal or lug,
moving in and out of a slot cut therein, by means of a screw nut placed on
the neck of the spur, said lug having a thread cut on its outer edges only, and
having a pin passed through its centre slot, prevents its escape. To apply this
spur it is merely necessary to hook the two tongues inside the heel, and screw
the lug into the head of the screw already placed in the heel of the boot, when
it becomes firmly attached to the boot. To detach it the screw nut has
merely to be turned the reverse way, when the spur will fall off. I also propose
placing a screw in the heels of boots, said screw protruding slightly from the
heel, and having a thread cut on the part so projecting, and a hole formed in
its centre, into which is placed the end of the spur neck; this neck has a

page_text: collar formed near the end, to prevent the screwed nut falling off, and at the
same time to act as a purchase for the nut to draw on when screwed to the
projecting part of the heel, forming as it were a union joint. When the spur
is not in use, a cap is to be screwed on to the projecting part, to prevent mud
or other dirt entering the cavity.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REVIVIFYING THE SCARLET COLOR OF WOOLLEN CLOTH, LACE,' AND EMBROIDERY IN USE FOR MILITARY AND OTHER GARMENTS AND FURNITURE
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Tomlinson Bousfield at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th August 1859.-A communication from abroad by Messrs. Andrès,
Burdel, and Chicard, of Paris.
I, GEORGE TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Loughborough Park, Brixton, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN REVIVIFYING THE SCARLET COLOR OF WOOLLEN CLOTH, LACE,'
AND EMBROIDERY IN USE FOR MILITARY AND OTHER GARMENTS AND FURNITURE,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object to revivify the scarlet color of woollen
cloth, lace, and embroidery in use for military and other garments and
furniture. The color of scarlet wool is of a very delicate nature, and very
susceptible of fading and staining from long use; the treatment which it
undergoes, and the different temperatures to which it is exposed, sometimes
change this color to a violet. To restore the wool to its original scarlet color,
it is necessary only to apply the following composition :-
Citric acid
Carbonate of potash
Water
800 grains.
150 grains.
7,500 grains.
The citric acid is dissolved separately in 4,500 grains of water, and the
carbonate of potash in 3,000 grains of water, after having first pounded each
of these substances separately in a morter to facilitate the solution. When the
solution of each of these substances is complete, the whole is mixed together.

page_text: There is then obtained 7,500 grains of liquid composition suitable for restoring
the color of scarlet wool. I would remark that the composition may remain
white, or it may be colored by means of carmine, or any other coloring sub-
stance. The composition is mixed cold, as has been described, and employed to
clean and revivify (without alteration) the color of scarlet wool in the following
manner 1st, brush the article of scarlet wool when dry; 2nd, rub the
part to be cleaned, and revivified with a brush dipped in the composition, and
allow it to soak into the wool during 10 or 15 minutes, more or less; 3rd,
clean it again with a brush moistened with the same composition until the
wool becomes a deep red color, and allow it to dry; 4th, wipe the wool over
with cold water, rubbing the fabric with a brush, and allow it to dry.
The operation of cleaning and revivifying is then terminated. Independently
of the citric acid which is employed by preference, 1 claim the employment,
in substitution thereof, of other acids or acid salts, such as oxalic acid, tartaric
acid, cream of tartar, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, salt of sorrel, or other acid
salt capable of producing the same effect.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, AND OF SUBSTANCES USED IN PAPER- MAKING, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Theophilus Redwood at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
December 1859.
I, THEOPHILUS REDWOOD, of 19, Montague Street, Russell Square, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, AND OF SUBSTANCES USED IN PAPER-
MAKING, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My improvements in the manufacture of paper consists, firstly, in the use of
sulphite of barytes, either alone or previously mixed with starch, or starch and
vegetable fibre, which is added to the paper pulp for the purpose of correcting
or preventing the injurious effects of chlorine or chlorine compounds in the
pulp, and in other ways improving the quality of the paper; and secondly, in
the use of sulphite of barytes mixed with animal, vegetable, or mineral size for
sizing paper.
My improvements in the manufacture of substances used in paper-making,
and which substances are also applicable for other purposes, relate to the
production of animal and vegetable size, and consist, firstly, in the use of
bicarbonate of lime for the purpose of neutralizing the lime contained in the
pieces of animal skin commonly called "glue pieces " in the undried state, from
which animal size is made, and which size may be afterwards made into the
substance called "gelatine;" and secondly, in the use of starch which has been
treated with chloride of lime and mixed with sulphite of barytes, for making a
size suitable for sizing paper, and for other puposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HOLLOW CORKS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edgar Breffit, of 61, King William Street, in the
City of London, Glass Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HOLLOW CORKS."
Sealed the 27th October 1859, and dated the 30th May 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edgar Breffit at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th May
1859.
I, EDGAR BREFFIT, of 61, King William Street, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HOLLOW CORKS," to be as
follows:-
An arrangement of revolving hollow cutters acting against strips of cork
pressed forward by wooden pins passing thro' a hollow rest.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSURE REGULATING APPARATUS FOR GAS BURNERS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Bickerton Mill at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
October 1859.
I, GEORGE BICKERTON MILL, of the City of Toronto, Canada West, Plumber,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PRESSURE REGULATING APPARATUS FOR GAS BURNERS," to be as follows, that is to
6ay:
This Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of a simple
apparatus to be interposed between the supplying gas pipe and the burner, for
the purpose of regulating the flow and pressure of illuminating gas. This
apparatus mainly consists of three parts or sections. The lower one which fits
into the gas pipe primarily receives the gas from the supplying pipe. It has
an expanded upper end screwed internally to receive a central piece of metal
forming the guide and holder for the valvular regulating apparatus. This
piece of metal is bored out down the centre, the lower end of the bore being of
a conical form to receive a conical valve, which closes by an upward movement
and is covered in by a bottom case or shield, having a small hole or holes in it
to admit the gas into the interior of the case. This conical valve has a vertical
rod or spindle attached to it, which rod is passed directly up the bore of the
intermediate piece of metal, and projects out at its upper end. This upper end
carries a disc or concave piece of metal expanded so as always to fill up the
bore of the top section of the case, which section is screwed upon the inter-

page_text: mediate central piece, and forms the actual holder for the burner. As the gas
flows into the apparatus it enters by the minute hole or holes in the bottom
case, and thence flows up the bore of the central piece of metal containing the
valve spindle, and thus finds its way into the top section of the case or chamber
and presses against the under side of the concave disc on the top of the valve
spindle. The duplex valve or combined valve and disc is thus suspended in the
upward current of the gas, and the supply is thus regulated exactly in accord-
ance with the actual requirements of the burner, for as the pressure increases
the thoroughfare is proportionately reduced in size.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF ANCHORS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edwards at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd June
1859.
I, JOHN EDWARDS, of 77, Aldermanbury, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF ANCHORS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the making of anchors or parts of anchors of plates
of metal instead of forging them as at present. Plates of metal are formed of
suitable dimensions, these plates are then fastened together by means of screws
or rivets; also to the application of stays or crutches to support the arms of
anchors to relieve them of the strain; and to the making of anchors without
a stock, a frame of metal is made with suitable cross pieces, on which the
arms of the anchor is made to revolve.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN BALANCING MILL- STONES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred 'Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
June 1859. A communication from abroad by John Fairclough, of
Louisville, in the County of Jefferson and State of Kentucky, United
States of America..
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN BALANCING MILL-
STONES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the employment of adjustable weights fitted in the
upper stone or "runner," in such a manner that the stone may be perfectly
balanced on its spindle, both as regards its gravity or weight and the centrifugal
force generated by its rotation. In the upper surface of the stone recesses
are made to receive metal boxes fitted with parallel vertical guides. Of these
boxes four or more or less may be used, the same being placed at equal
distances apart. In each of these boxes a vertical screw shaft is mounted, the
upper end having its bearing in the cover of the box, and its lower end being
stepped at the centre of the bottom of the boxes. The screw shafts are
allowed to turn freely in their boxes, and they are square at their upper end
to receive a key for turning them. Each screw shaft carries a circular plate
fitted to slide over the vertical guides in the box; these plates are intended to
carry a series of annular weights which are secured by passing a nut down

page_text: over the screw shaft. The weights are thus fitted on the shafts, so that
they may be readily raised or lowered by means of a key. In order to
balance the stone (so far as its gravity is concerned) on the supporting spindle,
the weights are distributed in the different boxes as required; but by doing this
centrifugal force will be generated when the stone is rotated, and this adjust-
ment of the weights in order to balance the stone on the spindle may cause a
lateral pressure and an undue degree of friction on the collar of the spindle.
For instance, if one box has half its weights removed, and the opposite
cylinder is full (in order to balance the stone while rotating), the side of the
stone which has the greater number of weights will, owing to the centrifugal
force, have a greater tendency to fly off in a tangent than the opposite side, it
being understood that the centre of gravity of the weights of the several boxes
is supposed to be in the same horizontal plane. To remedy this difficulty the
weights are to be raised or lowered in the boxes by turning the screw shafts,
in order to adjust the centre of gravity of the weights relatively to the point of
the spindle, that is to say, higher or lower than the point of the spindle, and
thereby to neutralize this unequal centrifugal force.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SIZING YARNS OR THREADS, WHICH SAID IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO DRESSING MACHINES, OR OTHER SIMILAR APPARATUS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Rowland, junior, of Oldham, in the County
of Lancaster, Manufacturer, and George Hall, of the same Place,
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR SIZING YARNS OR THREADS, WHICH SAID IMPROVEMENTS ARE
ALSO APPLICABLE TO DRESSING MACHINES, OR OTHER SIMILAR APPARATUS."
led the 25th January 1860, and dated the 25th July 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Rowland and George
Hall at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 25th July 1859.
We, JOHN ROWLAND, junior, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Manu-
facturer, and GEORGE HALL, of the same Place, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR SIZING YARNS OR THREADS, WHICH SAID IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO
APPLICABLE TO DRESSING MACHINES OR OTHER SIMILAR APPARATUS," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention is designed for the purpose of regulating the supply and
pressure of the steam employed to heat the cylinders in sizing, dressing, drying,
and other similar machines by self-acting means, and consists in connecting
the valve or valves at present used to control the supply with the lever and

page_text: handle, which is connected to the guide of the driving strap of the machine, so
that when the said lever transfers the strap from the fast to the loose pulley to
stop the action of the machine, it also, by means of a simple arrangement of
cranked levers, closes the steam valve, and shuts off the steam from the
cylinders, thereby economizing steam and preventing accidents occurring by the
cylinders becoming supercharged. It will be evident that this improvement
will be applicable to such and all other similar machines wherein steam is
employed to heat the drying cylinders, and which may require to be shut
off at intervals.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF GIVING ROTARY MOTION TO PROJECTILES FIRED FROM RIFLED FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Jeffery, of the Commercial Road, in the
Parish of Limehouse, in the County of Middlesex, Manufacturer, for the
Invention of "AN IMPROVED MODE OF GIVING ROTARY MOTION TO PROJECTILES
FIRED FROM RIFLED FIRE-ARMS."
Sealed the 17th December 1859, and dated the 18th June 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Jeffery at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
June 1859.
J, ALFRED JEFFERY, of the Commercial Road, in the Parish of Limehouse,
in the County of Middlesex, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention of "AN IMPROVED MODE OF GIVING ROTARY MOTION TO PROJECTILES
FIRED FROM RIFLED FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
My said Invention consists of placing or interposing between the gunpowder
and the projectile to be fired from a rifled gun or other fire-arm, a wad or
wadding composed of such a material and made of such a shape as that the
explosive force of the gunpowder will cause the sides of the wad or wadding to
be pressed into the grooves of the rifled fire-arm, and thus the wad or wadding
acquires a rotary motion which it communicates to the projectile. The
necessity for the projectile being tightly grasped by the fire-arm may in this
way be avoided.
FASTENING THE HAIRS IN TOOTH BRUSHES AND OTHER BRUSHES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Elfe Tayler at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th December
1859.
I, WILLIAM ELFE TAYLER, of No. 4, Russell Place, Montpellier, Bristol,
Tutor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "FASTENING
THE HAIRS IN TOOTH BRUSHES AND OTHER BRUSHES," to be as follows:-
The hairs before being inserted are tied in a single knot as one would a
piece of string. They are not tied separately, but in a small bundle, that is to
say, about as many as would form a single tuft of hairs in a brush made after
the usual plan, which is technically called "drawing." The bundle of knotted
hairs is then doubled up as you would close an open carpenter's rule, or shut a
razor, the bend or doubling being just at the knot. The hairs are then
secured in that position by means of a string tied round them, or any other
suitable means, just above the knot; after which the hairs are cut off an inch
or more above the knot, and then inserted in the stock or brush from the back
instead of from the front thereof, as is usually done; the cut end is pushed in
first.
The holes for the reception of the hairs thus knotted and tied are made by
the Inventor larger at the back than the front, but the brush may be made if
the holes are the same size all through. He reserves the right of making the
holes of any shape. It is of course necessary that there should be a back of

page_text: some kind to the brush to be added after the tufts of hair are inserted, so as to
secure the tufts from coming out at. the back part of the brush. The knot
must infallibly prevent them from coming out at the front as often happens at
present.
The Inventor finds also, that any attempt to pull out single hairs is ineffectual,
and only serves to pull the knot tighter than ever.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE USED MEANS POR MECHANICALLY RAISING UP THE GOWNS OF LADIES AND YOUNG LADIES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philippe Bouché at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th January
1859.
I, PHILIPPE BOUCHE, of 57, Rue de Bretagne, Paris, in the Empire of
France, Stays Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE USED MEANS POR MECHANICALLY RAISING UP THE
GOWNS OF LADIES AND YOUNG LADIES," to be as follows:-
According to my Invention, which relates to certain means for enabling
ladies to raise their dresses, a girdle or waistband made of some sufficiently
strong fabric is worn under the gown, but independent thereof, being kept
round the body of the wearer by hook and eye or similar attachment, and it
has suspended from it two cords or strings, in such manner that both ends of
each cord or string hang down. At about equal distances apart, on the inside
of the skirt, four ribbands or tapes are attached in an upward direction, that
is to say, in a direction from the edge towards the waist, each of which has
formed in it three or four eyelet holes, through which are passed the ends of
the cords hanging down from the girdle, each end extending a little lower
than the lowest eyelet hole, and having attached to it at bottom one or more
wooden or other balls or equivalent contrivances of sufficient weight for
keeping the cords distended. The cords may also pass over little wheels or
pulleys fitted on a steel or whalebone band attached to the edge of the
girdle, or through eyelet holes formed therein.. For working the cords, rings,
knobs, or such like appliances are fitted, one at the middle of each cord, and

page_text: so as to come in such a position in front as to be prominent or render their
situation apparent, in order to be readily handled. When the dress is
allowed to drop free, the cords are kept distended, but if the wearer desire
to raise her dress at front or back, she need only pull the knob or ring, &c.,
on the cord corresponding to the front or back of the dress, as the case may
be, or she can raise it all round by pulling both rings or knobs at once; on
releasing them the gown will drop of itself, or by fastening the knobs or
rings accordingly, she may keep her dress raised, and leave her hands at
liberty.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PLAYING KEYED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Youens at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th December.
1859.
I, WILLIAM YOUENS, of Hackney, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
PLAYING KEYED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for playing
musical instruments, and is applicable to pianos, organs, and other instru-
ments in which the keys are arranged in a similar manner. The apparatus
consists of a cylinder, by preference of cast iron, of which the length is equal
to or exceeds that of the key or finger board of the instrument; it is mounted
in a suitable frame, and so arranged that it may be placed over the keys of
a piano or organ constructed in the ordinary manner, and again removed from
them with facility when it may be required to play the instrument by hand.
Under the cylinder a series of levers are placed, equal in number to the keys
of the instrument to be played; each of these levers is capable of moving in a
vertical plane on a pin or axis carried by the frame. At one end of each
lever is a rounded point, which projects upwards and comes in contact with the
under surface of the cylinder, and the other end of the lever is weighted.
The cylinder is caused to revolve by clockwork, or it may be by suitable gearing
actuated by hand, and it is arranged to move a short distance lengthwise
between each revolution. In the periphery of the cylinder small holes are
bored; the arrangement of these holes will depend on the tunes to be played.

page_text: When in the revolution of the cylinder the pointed ends of the levers meet the
holes in the cylinder they descend into them, and the other or weighted ends of
the levers fall down on to the keys, and so cause the corresponding notes to
sound. The force with which the levers descend on to the keys may be
regulated by the forms given to the holes. To prevent noise, springs may be
interposed between the levers and the keys. Springs may also be employed
in place of weight to bring down the levers on to the keys.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS, IN PROJECTILES, AND IN APPARATUS FOR CHARGING CARTRIDGES FOR BREECH-LOADING AND OTHER ARMS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Lancaster at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th December
1859.
I, ALFRED LANCASTER, of Kensington, in the County of Middlesex, Gun-
maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS, IN PROJECTILES, AND IN APPARATUS FOR CHARGING
CARTRIDGES FOR BREECH-LOADING AND OTHER ARMS," to be as follows:-
My Invention in breech-loading arms consists in the employment of a cap
on the rear end of the barrel, in forming a hole excentrically through the same,
and in forming the bore out of the centre of the metal of which the barrel is
formed; thus when the cap is turned in one position, the bore of the barrel is in
a line with the hole through the cap, and then the gun is charged; by turning
the cap the breech is closed and the gun ready for being discharged.
My improvement in projectiles consists in coating or covering the lead or
other metal of which they may be composed with another metal of such nature
that oxydation and corrosion may be prevented.
My improved apparatus for charging cartridges consists of a box open at
top and closed at bottom by a slide, having at top and inside a quick female
screw. A hollow cap furnished with a handle, and threaded on the outside
with a corresponding thread, works in and out of the female screw; a flanged
recess is made on the inside at bottom of this hollow cap.
A lever plunger
press, the plunger of which is free to work through the hollow cap, forms part
of the apparatus. A cartridge case having been placed in the box is first

page_text: charged with powder, the plunger is brought down thereon and raised; a wad
is next inserted and rammed down; the hollow cap is then turned down by its
handle, when the flanged recess at the bottom turns the top edges of the case
over the wad and secures it in its place; the slide at the bottom of the box is
withdrawn and the plunger is driven down to force the finished cartridge from
the box.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COOKING, PRESERVING, AND DRYING ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th May 1859.-A communication from abroad by Anthony Bourdin,
of Paris.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, E.C., Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COOKING, PRESERVING, AND DRYING ANIMAL AND
VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES," (communicated to me from abroad by Anthony
Bourdin, of Paris,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in cooking, preserving, or drying meat, fish, vegetables
eggs, tobacco, and other substances by the direct action of high-pressure steam
admitted into a hermetically-closed vessel in which the substances to be treated
are placed. The steam enters by a pipe furnished with a cock, fills the vessel,
and when the cooking, preserving, or drying has been effected, is allowed to
issue by another pipe. The pressure of steam is indicated by a manometer,
and may be regulated by any ordinary means. The meat or other substance
under treatment in the apparatus may be suspended or laid on perforated
plates or grids.
Substances treated as before described may be preserved by placing them
in hermetically-sealed boxes or cases.
The foregoing process, when applied to tobacco, deprives it of nicotine-and-
other injurious substances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY SIGNAL APPARATUSES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Joseph Baranowski at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd June 1859.
I, JEAN JOSEPH BARANOWSKI, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
RAILWAY SIGNAL APPARATUSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in arrangements of signal apparatuses for distant
signals worked by the passage of the train in such manner that on a train or an
engine passing a given point, a signal on an ordinary signal post shall be set at
"stop," and remain there until the train or engine shall reach any desired
distance, say, for instance, a mile from the signal post, when it will act on
another apparatus which will bring back the signal to "all clear."
In the bottom of a box or case I place a weighted tilting hook with a pro-
jecting hinged tail piece. The hinge is to allow of the tail piece being moved
upwards without affecting the position of the hook. The weight is for the
purpose of causing the point of the hook to assume a position for engaging into
a hook on the bottom of a weighted shaft, which works through guides in the
upper part of the box. This hooked shaft is connected at top to the signal,
and upon the passage of an engine or train falls, and in falling sets the signal
to "stop"
or "danger," and becomes engaged and held in the hook first
mentioned, whereby the signal is retained at "stop" or "danger" until the
hooked shaft is released, as hereafter explained. At the back of the hook
and descending through the top of the case through guides or apertures, to

page_text: preserve its moving in a straight line, is a weighted bar, the lower end of
which descends below the level on which the weighted hook is fixed. This bar
is provided for a distance from the bottom with projecting studs or pins, which
must be so adjusted that whatever be the expansion or contraction in the
wires to which it is connected, one pin at least shall be above the tail of the
hook when the hooked shaft is engaged therein. The bar is connected by
wires to an apparatus fixed at the distance, on passing which the stop or
danger signal is to be released, and set at "all clear." This last-named
apparatus on being acted upon by the passing engine or train lets out the con-
necting wire, whereupon the bar in the first-named box falls, and one or more
of the projecting pins coming in contact with the tail of the weighted hook
forces the hook back, and releases the hooked shaft, which, on rising, alters
the signal from "danger" to "all clear;" every succeeding engine or train will
cause these actions to be repeated. The releasing bar is so furnished with
projecting pins that whether the connecting wires to the distant apparatus
expand or contract the hooked shaft connected to the "danger" and "all
clear" signals must of necessity be released..
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEREOSCOPES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Enrico Angelo Ludovico Negretti
and Joseph Warren Zambra at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 5th December 1859.
We, ENRICO ANGELO LUDOVICO NEGRETTI and JOSEPH WARREN ZAMBRA, of
Hatton Garden, in the City of London, Meteorological Instrument Makers,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEREOSCOPES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention of improvements in stereoscopes relates to a novel mode of
constructing these instruments, so that they may be taken to pieces and packed
up into a small space together with several of the pictures, so as to admit of
the instrument being placed and carried in the pocket with facility and without
inconvenience. The instrument is composed of a shallow rectangular box,
capable of containing from six to eight or more stereoscopic pictures, together
with the eye-piece of the instrument, which, with the pictures, is covered in
the box by a moveable lid, provided with flexible bands or other convenient
attachments, whereby the lid or cover may be temporarily secured to the box.
When the instrument is required for use, the moveable lid or cover is to be
fixed in a vertical position across the centre of the box, in notches made
therein for the purpose. The eye-piece has a notch or groove cut across the
middle of it on the under side, and is fixed on the top edge of the vertical lid
which fits into the notch on the under side of the eye-piece, the vertical lid
thereby forming a support to the eye-piece, and also forming a central vertical
division between the line of sight of the two eyes. The pictures are made

page_text: much smaller than usual, and when the two views which form a stereoscopic
picture are placed side by side, their edges are made to touch, and when
placed in the instrument for observation, the junction of the two pictures
comes immediately beneath the edge of the vertical lid, and therefore will not
interfere with the view or distract the observer. By making the pictures
without any margin round them, the instrument may be reduced in size
without materially or injudiciously increasing the minuteness of detail in
stereoscopic views or pictures.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BREAKING STONES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th October
1859. A communication from abroad by Monsieur Bac, of Paris, in the
Empire of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BREAKING STONES," a com-
munication from abroad by Monsieur Bac,, of Paris, in the Empire of France,
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of machinery
or apparatus actuated by steam power, for breaking or reducing stones and
other hard substances into various sizes, suitable either for making "beton,”
used in masonry, macadamizing roads, or for other purposes where broken
stones are required; and also to the use of a screen for sorting the broken
fragments.
The breaking or crushing machine consists of a suitable strong frame
provided with a horizontal shaft carrying a scroll cam, and driven by gearing
from a main driving shaft, which may be actuated by a portable engine. The
cam serves to elevate a heavy hammer block connected to a vertical slide, and
fitted on its under or striking surface with a number of steel points arranged
wider apart or closer together, according to the size of broken fragments to be

page_text: produced. These steel points are by preference of a triangular pyramidal
shape, and are fitted into a separate block, which is keyed on to the hammer
face. The stones to be broken are placed on a cast-iron anvil beneath the
hammer, which descends and strikes by its own gravity. Suitable vertical
guide rods are used for guiding the hammer in its up and down movements.
The broken fragments are sorted into sizes by a revolving cylindrical screen of
perforated metal plates, also driven by the steam engine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Burrow at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th November
1859.
I, JAMES BURROW, of Ashford Parsonage, Bakewell, Clerk, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS AND
PARASOLS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in umbrellas and parasols;
for these purposes each rib is made of steel formed thus or to a section
similar to or having
having a longitudinal web or projecting rib; the
edges of the silk or other fabric are attached to the sides of the wedge-shaped
rib of the first section, or to the projecting web or rib of the second section,
there being holes at intervals in such web or ribs for that purpose; hence when
an umbrella or parasol is open the thin edge of the wedge-shaped rib, or the
projecting web or rib, will be seen on the inner surface. The stretchers are
made of a similar section. In order to catch and carry off the rain as it
descends to the circumference of an umbrella there is a slight curve made in
each rib a short distance from the outer ends of the ribs, through which by
means of a duct or channel the water is conveyed away.