Improvements in the Manufacture of Filtering Material, Applicable to the Filtration and Purification of Water, Sewage Effluents, Saccharine Juices, Alcoholic Liquors, and other Liquids and Fluids.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Dec., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 3rd Sept., 1889-Accepted, 5th. Oct., 1889
.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Filtering Material, Applicable
to the Filtration and Purification of Water, Sewage Effluents,
Saccharine Juices, Alcoholic Liquors, and other Liquids and
Fluids.
We, HENRY RICHARD GREGORY, Analytical Chemist, and GEORGE MAC DONALD,
Mechanical Engineer, both of 7, Quality Court, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of this Invention, to be as follows:-
This invention consists in the manufacture of an improved filtering material by
the treatment with gaseous fuel of iron ores, especially those known as hematites; in
an externally heated closed chamber, retort or oven, until the ores have been deprived
of oxygen to the required extent; the improved filtering material or compound
produced being the one known as magnetic oxide of iron. The gaseous fuel
may be
supplied from a Wilson gas producer or any other source and may be crude gas or
otherwise. This material is suitable for removing organic matter from water and
other liquids and fluids and is practically indestructible as it can be used effectually
for years without renewal, acting in fact as a carrier of oxygen in a very active
condition, held in its pores, such oxygen acting chemically upon and decomposing or
burning up the organic matter contained in the liquid or fluid to be filtered or purified.
As compared with the process heretofore used, in which the ores were treated in a
retort mixed with, coke, sawdust or other solid carbonaceous fuel, our process offers
the important advantages of a saving in time, labour and expense.
Dated this 12th day of December 1888.
HENRY RICHARD GREGORY.
GEORGE MAC DONALD.
By Jensen & Son,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Filtering Material, Applicable
to the Filtration and Purification of Water, Sewage Effluents,
Saccharine Juices, Alcoholic Liquors, and other Liquids and
Fluids.
We, HENRY RICHARD GREGORY Analytical Chemist and GEORGE MAC DONALD
Mechanical Engineer both of 7 Quality Court Chancery Lane in the County of
Middlesex do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention consists in the treatment of certain iron ores in an externally
heated closed chamber or retort with gaseous fuel for the purpose of thus producing
a material suitable for application in the filtration or purification of impure waters,
sewage effluents, saccharine juices, alcoholic liquors and other liquids and fluids.
In carrying out this invention we use any suitable iron ore, but we prefer to use
the ores containing the iron in the state of peroxide and more especially those
known as hematites. The ore is reduced to small pieces about or inch diameter
and is placed in a closed chamber, oven or retort. If we use ores containing the
iron in the state of protoxide we first render the same into the state of peroxide.
The retort is heated externally in any suitable manner, but we prefer for the sake of
economy and convenience to heat it by means of carbonaceous gas fuel from a Wilson
or other crude gas producer.

page_text: Having heated the retort containing the ore to what is known as a cherry red
heat we admit the gaseous fuel to the interior of the retort so as to pass through
it in contact with the ore and either through or over the ore. This action is con-
tinued for about 4 or 5 hours or until we have effected the desired change in the ore,
that is to say until the ore has been deprived of its oxygen to the required extent and
rendered into what is called magnetic oxide of iron. A practical proof that the desired
change has been effected is obtained by testing the gas on its efflux from the retort ;
if it will ignite, it is obvious that the oxygen has been extracted from the ore, on
the other hand, if it will not ignite the process has to be continued. The time for
thus reducing the ore depends to some extent upon the nature of the ore and the
composition of the reducing gas, which should be as carbonaceous as possible so as
readily to combine with the oxygen in the ore.
In order to expedite the process and render the product more even we may
impart a rotating, oscillating or up and down or other shaking motion to the retors,
or we provide it with internal raking appliance.
The ore having been treated as described is then raked out of the retors into a
closed vessel or vessels and allowed to cool therein. Or it may if desired be
quenched with water, but the latter mode is not always admissible as some ores are
so friable as to break up when quenched with water and moreover the material has
then first to be dried before it is fit for storing or transport.
Material manufactured in the manner described is eminently suitable for removing
organic matter from water and other liquids and fluids. It is practically indestructible,
as it can be used effectually for years without renewal, acting as a carrier of oxygen
in a very active condition held or occluded in its pores, such oxygen acting chemically
upon and decomposing or slowly burning up the organic matter contained in the
liquid or fluid to be filtered or purified thereby.
In the process heretofore used, the ores were treated in a retort mixed with coke,
sawdust or other solid carbonaceous fuel. This involved a considerable amount of
after manipulation, viz. washing sifting and drying, in order to remove the excess
of carbonaceous material, and ashes. The heating had also to be carried on for a
longer time in order to reduce to ore to the proper condition.
As compared with this process, our process offers the following important
advantages:
1. A more expeditious and perfect reduction of the ore as the reducing gases are
cheaply produced and enter the retort at a very high temperature.
2. An economy in fuel both as to the external heating and the subsequent internal
heating, owing to the high temperature of the fuel and the cheapness of its pro-
duction.
3. An economy in the saving of after labour and expense in manipulation, as the
material when it comes from the retort is merely left to cool and is then available
for storage and transport.
Instead of the so called producer gas hereinbefore named we may for deoxidizing
the ore, use any other gaseous reducing fuel, such as ordinary lighting gas, or enriched
lighting gas or air loaded with carbonaceous fumes or vaporized hydrocarbon oils.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of
our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :-
First. In the manufacture of magnetic iron oxide the application and use of
gaseous reducing fuel.
Second. The manufacture of magnetic iron oxide substantially in the manner
described.
T
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JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents,