IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE TREAT- VPN OD SOLD SunG OD AND SAAGANO OD O MAREERSOTHERPONACELY
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Benjamin Seed, of Keighley, Grease Manufacturer,
and Thomas Steel, of Bradford, Foreman, both in the County of York,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE TREAT-
VPN OD SOLD SunG OD AND SAAGANO OD O MAREERS"
Sealed the 30th December 1859, and dated the 6th July 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Benjamin Seed and
Thomas Steel at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 6th July 1859.
We, BENJAMIN SEED, of Keighley, Grease Manufacturer, and THOMAS
STEEL, of Bradford, Foreman, both in the County of York, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN
THE TREATMENT OF SOAP SUDS OR OTHER SAPONACEOUS OR OILY MATTERS," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention of improvements in apparatus employed in the treatment of
soap suds and other saponaceous or oily matters, relates to apparatus in which
the fluid part of the magma is expressed by pressure. For this purpose
it has heretofore been usual to place the magma in bags and place them in a
cylinder or chamber with metal plates between them, and in that order to
compress them by a ram or piston, exerting sufficient force for the purpose.

page_text: Now, according to our Invention, we dispense with the bags and the plates, and
place the magma in bulk in the pressure cylinder or chamber, but, in order to
permit of this, we adapt to the pressure cylinder a lining of canvas, or other
suitable pervious or perforated material, which is kept from contact with the
inside of the chamber by suitable projections thereon, the pressure piston or
ram being small enough to work inside the canvas or perforated lining. In
addition to the lining, we further put an outer casing or jacket on the pressure
cylinder or chamber, and so enclose a space for the injection of steam or air
to heat the exterior of the cylinder, and thus apply dry heat to the matters
under operation, if desired.
The pressure cylinder or chamber is furnished with ingress pipes for the
admission of steam to the magma or other matter, and for the escape of the
matters expressed in the treatment of the matters, as in ordinary apparatus.
We sometimes find it advantageous to put the magma under a second opera-
tion, this we do by dividing it into suitable portions after having undergone
the first operation, and placing it between plates in a press of our improved
construction, but without bags, as used and employed in the old method.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Benjamin Seed and Thomas Steel in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 6th January 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, BENJAMIN
SEED, of Keighley, Grease Manufacturer, and THOMAS STEEL, of Bradford,
Foreman, both in the County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Benjamin Seed and Thomas Steel, Her special licence that we, the said
Benjamin Seed and Thomas Steel, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said Benjamin Seed and Thomas Steel, our execu-
tors, adminstrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN
THE TREATMENT OF SOAP SUDS OR OTHER SAPONACEOUS OR OILY MATTERS," upon the

page_text: condition (amongst others) that we, the said Benjamin Seed and Thomas Steel,
our executors or adminstrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Benjamin Seed and Thomas Steel,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner tho
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings
hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is
to say):-
Our Invention of improvements in apparatus employed in the treatment of
soap suds and other saponaceous or oily matters, relates to apparatus in which
the fluid part of the "magina" or other matters or other substances is ex-
pressed by pressure, the "magma" being the soap suds or saponaceous or
oily matters, after having been "broken" or treated with acids. In the
treatment of such matters for the recovery of the useful constituents, it has
heretofore been usual to place the "magma" in bags, and place them in a
cylinder or chamber with metal plates between them, and in that order to
compress them by a ram or piston, exerting sufficient force for the purpose.
Now, according to our Invention, we dispense with the bags and plates in
the first operation, and place the "magma" in bulk in the pressure cylinder or
chamber; in order to permit of this, we adapt to the pressure chamber
or cylinder a filtering lining of canvas, or other suitable pervious or perforated
material, which is kept from contact with the inside of the chamber by suitablo
projections thereon, the piston or ram being small enough to work inside tho
canvas or perforated lining. In addition to the lining, we further put an outer
casing or jacket on the pressure cylinder or chamber, and so enclose a spaco
for the injection of steam or air to heat the exterior of the cylinder, and thus
apply dry heat to the matters under operation, if desired.
"
The O pressure cylinder or chamber is furnished with ingress pipes for the
admission of steam to the "magma" or other matter, and for the escape of the
matters expressed. We sometimes find it advantageous to put the " magma
under a second operation; this we do by dividing it into suitable portions,
after having undergone the first operation, and placing it between plates in a
pressure chamber of our improved construction, but without bags, as used and
employed in the old method.

page_text: "
Fig. 1 of the annexed Sheet of Drawings represents, in vertical section, the
apparatus for the treatment of the "magna" according to our Invention,
and Fig. 2 a horizontal section of the same on line 1, 2. a is an external
casing or jacket, in which we place the cylinder or chamber 6 where the
magma or other matters is to be treated. In the interior of this chamber 6 we
dispose a number of annular ribs or rings c, c, (if chamber 6 is cylindrical)
internally of a uniform diameter. These rings have perforations through, or
passages between them and the cylinder, to allow the expressed matters to
run to the bottom. In addition to these circular projections, which should be
sufficiently numerous to sustain the lining or cylinder of canvas or other per-
vious material, there may also be projections in vertical or other directions
coinciding on their internal surface with the annular ribs, and for a like pur-
pose. d is the pervious lining, of canvas, or other similar material, which
forms a filtering medium through which the matters to be recovered are
expressed. This lining d may be secured between the flanges and cover of
the cylinder b, at the top, or otherwise. The cylinder is suitably supported in
jacket a in a central position, the bottom being sustained sufficiently to resist
the pressure to be applied to the "magma." e is a block or other filling
piece placed at bottom of cylinder b, to form and keep a space in which the
expressed matters are received; this piece e forms a false bottom, and receives
the immediate downward pressure of the matters compressed in the cylinder;
f is a piston, fitting somewhat closely in the canvas or pervious lining d; it is
connected by its rod g to a screw, lever, or other apparatus, whereby sufficient
pressure can be exerted for the purpose, or it may be by the direct pressure of
a steam or water pressure cylinder; h is a pipe by which steam may be
admitted within case d, if it is desired to apply moist heat to the "magma
under operation; and i is another steam pipe to admit steam at any suitable
degree of heat to space k in the jacket, a, in order to the application of dry
heat to the "magma " or other matters contained in cylinder b. Instead of
steam, air or other heated fluid may be applied, which should circulate therein.
1, 1, are tubes or passages for the escape of the matters expressed through the
filtering medium d. The "magma" is placed at A in bulk, so as nearly to fill
the cylinder, the piston f is then brought down with the required force, and at
the proper rate of speed, to allow of the matters desired being fully expressed
through the filtering medium d, the moist or dry heat being at same time
applied, as herein-before described. The " magma having remained a
sufficient length of time under pressure, it is removed and another charge
"
"

page_text: introduced, and so on, or if it is desired to render the operation still more
perfect, we again introduce the "magma," previously treated in cylinder b; at
this time we introduce it in layers, placing between each layer a plate of metal,
or other suitable substance. On being again compressed, a further and more
perfect result will be obtained.
Fig. 3 represents a vertical section of another arrangement of apparatus for
treating the "magma." The external jacket a, steam or air space k, chamber
or cylinder b, with the several steam or other tubes are the same as before, but
in this apparatus we introduce a double pervious lining. p, p, is a cylinder of
perforated metal, which is sustained from cylinder 6 by ribs or projections c,
annular or otherwise, as before explained; it is also perforated at bottom q,
and similarly supported from bottom of cylinder b; within this cylinder p we
place the canvas filtering lining d, which is thus equably strengthened and
sustained throughout its surface by the perforated cylinder p. The treatment
of the "magma" in this application is the same as before, and either at one or
two operations, that is to say, first in bulk, and lastly in layers, with plates or
divisions intervening. The intervening plates may be perforated and double,
with advantage, as if held slightly apart, they form free passages between
the layers of "magma" for the escape of the matters expressed over the entire
horizontal sectional area of the pressure chamber. These double separating
plates also form passages for the adinission of steam to the body of compressed
matter in the pressure chamber, other channels, such as perforated tubes may
be placed in the body of the "magma" for the latter purpose, the one end
having free communication with perforated lining d and steam space between
it and cylinder b. These steam induction pipes are of advantage where the
quantity of matter operated on is large. The perforated cylinder p instead of
being outside of the canvas cylinder may be placed inside, and the piston fitted
thereto, or if the perforations in the cylinder are sufficiently numerous and
minute to act as the filtering medium, the canvas may be dispensed with. In
either case the piston should be furnished with some suitable packing, to pre-
vent the upward escape of the "magma." Although we have described the
apparatus as being of a cylindrical form, we prefer to make the jacket casing
rectangular, having one of its sides movable on hinges, or otherwise; by this
means we can open the side of jacket a and remove the cylinder or pressure
chamber 6, in order to readily charge or dischargo therefrom the matters
operated upon; at this time the piston f is raised above the level of chamber b.
The foregoing apparatus, although described principally with reference to
"magma," is also equally applicable for the treatment of other matters or
substances containing saponaceous or oily matters, such as seed.

page_text: Having described the nature of our Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, we declare that what we claim as of our Invention to be
protected by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,—
First, the application of a canvas cylinder casing or lining, as and for the
purposes herein-before described.
Secondly, we claim the application of a perforated cylinder or casing, either
in combination with or without the canvas lining, as and for the purposes
herein-before described.
And, lastly, the enclosing the pressure cylinder or chamber within a jacket,
and the application of dry heat, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Benjamin Seed and Thomas Steel, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Fourth day of January in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.