Improvements in the Method of and in Apparatus for Drying and Evaporating, suitable for use in Breweries, Distilleries, Sugar and Starch Manufactories, and other Industries.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Apr., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 18th Jan., 1892-Accepted, 12th Mar., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of and in Apparatus for Drying and
Evaporating, suitable for use in Breweries, Distilleries, Sugar
and Starch Manufactories, and other Industries.
I, HEINRICH HENCKE, of Darmstadt, in the Empire of Germany, Manufacturer
do hereby declare the nature of said invention to be as follows:-
The object of my invention is to manufacture improved apparatus for drying and
evaporating, such apparatus being suitable for use in breweries, distilleries, sugar
and starch manufactories and other industries.
My invention consists of metallic vessels of various forms heated by steam, hot
air, or gas flames. These vessels are so fitted and manipulated as to turn over and
agitate the various substances or fluids to be operated upon, and bring the same into
contact with a succession of heated surfaces.
In some cases the substances or fluids to be dried or evaporated are carried to
and caused to fall upon the external surfaces of heated rotating cylinders. In
other cases the substances or fluids are carried to the inside of a rotating cylinder
or other vessel in which they are carried round and allowed to fall and be turned
over or agitated. Or a mass of tubes, heated as aforesaid, may be fitted in a
stationary vessel and caused to rotate therein, the materials or fluids falling upon or
being otherwise caused to come in contact with such heated tubes, as they rotate.
Or a number of chambers or pockets, of suitable forms, heated as aforesaid, may be
similarly caused to rotate in a stationary vessel, and thus successively transfer heat
by conduction to the substances or fluids to be operated upon.
One form of apparatus consists of two cylinders of equal diameters, placed near
together, and caused to rotate in opposite directions, so as to carry the materials
towards the intermediate space between the heated cylinders. This space may be
increased or diminished, as required, by altering the relative positions of the
cylinders, whereby the materials may be compressed, and moisture driven out, both
by heat and compression. Scrapers are fitted to the cylinders to remove any
material which may adhere to their surfaces. The material falls into a tray or
trough heated by spare heat or otherwise and fitted with rotary beaters, which
carry the materials to the further end of the trough, usually thoroughly dried.
The cylinders may be otherwise arranged, and placed one above the other,
vertically or diagonally, or one large cylinder may be employed, to or against the
periphery of which several smaller cylinders may be fitted, which answer the
purpose and take the place of a second cylinder.
For operating with some materials, such, for instance, as turnip shavings or
cuttings, it will be found expedient to omit the compression, and to introduce the
same to the inside of a rotating cylinder formed of sheet metal, and fitted inside with
lifting shelves. Through this cylinder heated air is driven, which dries and carries
the dried material to the delivery end of the cylinder. The cylinder is mounted on
rollers, and the delivery eud is raised to prevent the material leaving the cylinder
before it is dried. The inclination of the cylinder is adjustable.
The tubes
The tubular form of apparatus consists of a cylindrical vessel of sheet metal,
closed on all sides. Chambers are mounted at each end, with intermediate connecting
tubes, which revolve with the chambers. Inlet and outlet pipes passing through
stuffing boxes are fitted, for receiving and delivering steam or hot air.
and chambers are caused to revolve, while the material is fed into the apparatus
and removed therefrom, as required. This apparatus may be half filled (or there-
abouts) with the fluid or other material to be dried or evaporated, into which the
steam tubes din. as they revolve.

page_text: Instead of the lastly described form of apparatus, I sometimes mount a horizontal
tube in a suitable chamber, and fit this tube with a number of pockets or reservoirs,
which receive steam or heated air from the central tube, and, with the tube, are
caused to rotate in the chamber, and act upon the material in a similar manner to
that last described.
A
་་ 1001
GEO.
DOWNING,
8, Quality Court, London, W.C., Agent for Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of and in Apparatus for Drying and
Evaporating, suitable for use in Breweries, Distilleries, Sugar
and Starch Manufactories, and other Industries.
I, HEINRICH HENCKE, of Darmstadt, in the Empire of Germany Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of said invention and in what mauner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :--
The object of my invention is to manufacture improved apparatus for drying and
evaporating, such apparatus being suitable for use in breweries, distilleries, sugar
and starch manufactories, and other industries.
My invention consists of metallic vessels of various forms heated by steani, hot
air, or gas flames. These vessels are so fitted and manipulated as to turn over and
agitates the various substances or fluids to be operated upon, and bring the same
into contact with a succession of heated surfaces.
In some cases the substances or fluids to be heated or evaporated are carried to
and caused to fall upon the external surfaces of heated rotating cylinders. In
other cases the substances or fluids are carried to the inside of a rotating cylinder
or other vessel, in which they are carried round and allowed to fall and be turned
over or agitated. Or a mass of tubes, heated as aforesaid, may be fitted in a
stationary vessel and caused to rotate therein, the materials or fluids falling upon or
being otherwise caused to come in contact with such heated tubes, as they rotate.
Or a number of chambers or pockets, of suitable forms, heated as aforesaid, may be
similarly caused to rotate in a stationary vessel, and thus successively transfer heat.
by conduction to the substances or fluids to be operated upon.
One form of apparatus consists of two cylinders of equal diameters, placed near
together, and caused to rotate in opposite directions, so as to carry the materials
towards the intermediate space between the heated cylinders. This space may be
increased or diminished, as required, by altering the relative positions of the
cylinders, whereby the materials may be compressed, and moisture driven out, both
by heat and compression. Scrapers are fitted to the cylinders to remove any
material which may adhere to their surfaces. The material falls into a tray or
trough, heated by spare heat or otherwise and fitted with rotary beaters, which
carry the materials to the further end of the trough, usually thoroughly dried.
The cylinders may be otherwise arranged, and placed one above the other,
vertically or diagonally, or one large cylinder may be employed, to or against the
periphery of which several smaller cylinders may be fitted, which answer the
purpose and take the place of a second cylinder.
For operating with some materials, such, for instance, as turnip shavings or
cuttings, it will be found expedient to omit the compression, and to introduce the
same to the inside of a rotating cylinder formed of sheet metal, and fitted inside
with lifting shelves. Through this cylinder heated air is driven, which dries and
carries the dried material to the delivery end of the cylinder. The cylinder is
mounted on rollers, and the delivery end is raised to prevent the material leaving
the cylinder before it is dried. The inclination of the cylinder is adjustable.
The tubular form of apparatus consists of a cylindrical vessel of sheet metal,
.

page_text: closed on all sides. Chambers are mounted at each end, with intermediate con-
necting tubes, which revolve with the chambers. Inlet and outlet pipes passing
through stuffing boxes are fitted, for receiving and delivering steam or hot air.
The tubes and chambers are caused to revolve, while the material is fed into the
apparatus and removed therefrom, as required.
This apparatus may be half filled (or thereabouts) with the fluid or other
material to be steamed or heated, into which the steam tubes dip, as they revolve.
Instead of the lastly described form of apparatus, I sometimes mount a hori-
zontal tube in a suitable chamber, and fit this tube with a number of pockets
or reservoirs, which receive steam or heated air from the central tube, and, with
the tube, are caused to rotate in the chamber, and act upon the material in a
similar manner to that last described.
And in order that my said invention may be particularly described and ascer-
tained, reference is hereby made to the accompanying drawings.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation and Figure 2 a plan shewing one form of the
rotating as shewn by the arrows.
apparatus, consisting of two hollow cylinders
These cylinders are heated by means of gas, or heated atmospheric air, or steam.
The revolving rollers or drums 2 z convey a certain quantity of the material to
be dried, according to the circumferential velocity, owing to the material clinging
or adhering to the pair of rollers or drums, to the narrow space between the heated
surfaces, where an increased heat or steaming takes place.
The cylinders or drums are capable of being placed near together so that the
greater part of the water will be retained above the axial line, and heated very
The entire surfaces of the rollers
rapidly upon the warm or heated surfaces.
furnish ample heating surface for evaporation.
The scrapers ff clear the rollers of the portions of material or matter
adhering to the same, wbich drop or fall down into the after drying trap or
tray c.
=
The material which falls from the cylinders is in most cases not quite dry, the
This
tray c with its revolving arms or stirrers ee may be used in such cases.
arrangement is chiefly rendered necessary for purposes of economy, as the heat or
steam drawn off can be applied in heating the tray c; the rotating stirrers e, e
accelerate the drying of the material, and drive the same to the outer end of the
tray c completely dried.
Instead of a pair of rollers, two or more rollers arranged one under another, or
one single large cylinder may be employed upon the periphery of which several
small rollers may be arranged, which answer the purpose, and take the place
of the second cylinder, as shewn in Figures 3 and 4; Fig. 3 being a sectional
elevation and Figure 4 a plan view, of this arrangement. According to which a
O large cylinder is combined with several rotating rollers which may be heated
if required.
The material to be dried is carried from the distributing box or tray a on to the
drying cylinder in layers of suitable depth, and pressed or squeezed against the
same by means of the pressure rollers, so that a similar operation to that herein-
5 before described is car ed out.
The material to dried then falls into tray c to be dried as hereinbefore
described.
It is obvious that the pairs of rollers forming my cylinder system may be arranged
or constructed one behind another, under one another, or in any other appropriate
0 manner. The advantage thereby attained being that the rollers press against the
material to be dried, and, therefore, cause the water to evaporate more speedily.
For many materials, such, for instance, as turnip shavings or chips, it will be
found expedient and advantageous to omit pressing the same against the rollers
during the drying operation as mentioned above. In such instances it is better to
55 dry the material, to effect which a cylinder should be introduced and substituted for
the rollers as shewn in Figs. 5 and 6; Fig. 5 being a longitudinal section and Fig. 6
a cross section.

page_text: The cylinder a¹ is formed of strong sheet metal and fitted with two bearing rings
or hoops b' b which run on two pairs of rollers c'e', the cylinder being turned or
revolved on its axis by any suitable means. One end of the cylinder is in communi-
cation with a pipe or flue f, to which the material to be dried is led or guided by
means of an automatically operating guiding device or arrangement. By means of the
flue heated air can be driven into the apparatus. Stirrers iii or other appropriate
attachments are fitted to the inside of the cylinder a' at various angles relatively to
the circumference which, when the cylinder revolves carries up the material to be
dried in the direction of the arrow shown in Fig. 6, and afterwards allows it to drop
while the warm air flows through in the direction of the arrow shown in Fig. 5.
By means of this air current the material falling or dropping off will be carried
away in the direction of current if suitably dried. In order to prevent the carrying
away of the material in the direction of the air too quickly, when insufficiently dried,
the cylinder is provided at one end with a conical formation, whereby the wettest
and heaviest parts of the material to be dried are caused to remain in the immedinte
neighbourhood or vicinity of the warm air inlet, until the materials are sufficiently
dried to be carried away by the air current. The last mentioned operation of
separating the dry from the wet requires a certain force of air current, according to
the diameter and inclination of the cylinder, and the nature of the materials to be
operated upon. For this purpose the rollers c' c' are made adjustable so that the
inclination of the cylinder may be adjusted to the force of the current of air and
analogous circumstances. The dried material then drops or falls into a reservoir or
collecting space, from whence it is carried away to be further dried if necessary.
A further modification of the improved apparatus is illustrated in Figs. 7 and 8,
Fig. 7 being a longitudinal section, and. Fig. 8 a cross section.
This apparatus consists of a cylindrical vessel formed of sheet metal, closed on
all sides and fitted with cast iron ends with suitable stuffing boxes to receive the
tubular ends of the revolving series of tubes n. At the top of the cylindrical shell
a steam chest o is fitted to receive the steam escaping from the heated fluid.
The revolving set or system of tubes n, consist of two cast iron steam chests pp'
the steam chest p being placed in connection with the steam at tc, and the other
with the condensed water channel at g. Both steam chests communicate with each
other by means of a number of boiler tubes n, and the whole system can be set in
motion by means of driving pullies.
The steam is conveyed from the end w through the steam chest p, then through
the mass of tubes n to the other steam chest p', and from thence to the tube g.
The condensed water collects in the steam chest p' from whence it is conducted
or carried away by the pipe q and syphon pipe q'.
The boiler m is half filled with the fluid to be heated. On the tubulous vessel n
being rotated, the heat of the steam in the tubes is partly carried to the fluid,
whereby the latter is heated and partly evaporated. Steam of more or less pressure
is thus produced in the boiler m, which steam may be utilised for other heating
purposes.
Fig. 9 is a longitudinal section, showing another form of my improved apparatus,
suitable for inspissating and concentrating liquids of a pulpy nature, and other
analogous operations. is a stationary cistern or vessel, which may be either open
at the top or covered in. The two ends are fitted with bearings in which the
horizontal tube revolves. The central part of this tube is preferably formed
square in section. The tube is fitted with a number of pockets or reservoirs rr
which are shewn in section on an enlarged scale in Fig. 10. These pockets r
also act as stirrers to the materials operated upon. The pockets rare united
to the horizontal tube in pairs by means of a screw bolt r'.
A double faced
conical or other valve s is fitted to each pair of stirrers, which alternately closes the
lower pocket to prevent condensed water entering.
The cast iron spindle or axle together with the pockets or stirrers fitted thereto
can be revolved by means of pulleys, so that the materials in the cistern / become
well mixed and the fluid parts evaporate. The heating of the apparatus is effected

page_text: by means of steam or hot air which is introduced at one end of the axle or spindle.
At the other end of the same the condensed water is carried off by means of syphon
tubes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:
z
1. In apparatus for drying and evaporating, the combination of two or more
cylinders rotating in contact or nearly in contact with each other, one or
more of the cylinders being heated by steam or hot air, substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated by Figs. 1. 2. 3. and 4 of the drawings.
2. In combination with apparatus for drying and evaporating as aforesaid, the
e, for the
application and use of a trough c, fitted with revolving arms or stirrers
purpose of completing or furthering the operation of drying substantially as herein-
before described and illustrated by Figs. 1. 2. 3 and 4 of the drawings.
3. In combination with apparatus for drying and evaporating as aforesaid the
application and use of a rotating adjustable cylinder a fitted with shelves or
lifters ii, through which cylinder a current of hot air is driven, for the purpose of
drying semi-fluid or other materials; said cylinder being so mounted as to allow
the speed of the air current to carry away husks or other material when sufficiently
dried, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by Figs. 5 and 6 of the
drawings.
4. In combination with apparatus for drying and evaporating as aforesaid, the
application and use of a steam boiler m, fitted with rotating tubes n the ends of
which open into steam chests pp', substantially as hereinbefore described and illus-
trated by Figs. 7 and 8 of the drawings.
5. In combination with apparatus for drying evaporating and inspissating as
aforesaid, the application and use of pockets or reservoirs rr fitted to a central
horizontal tube, which reservoirs receive steam or heated air from the central
tube, and, with the tube, are caused to rotate in the cistern or other vessel I, the
small ends of the pockets being fitted with self acting valves, substantially as herein-
before described, and illustrated by Figs. 9 and 10 of the drawings.
6. The general construction and the several arrangements and combinations of
the respective parts constituting my improvements in the method of and in apparatus
for drying and evaporating, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated
by the drawings.
10th 1905
GEO.
DOWNING,
8, Quality Court, London, W.C., Agent.