An Improved Process and Composition for Facilitating the Combustion of Fuel.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Oct., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 6th July, 1900-Accepted, 11th Aug., 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Process and Composition for Facilitating the
Combustion of Fuel.
I, FRANÇOIS PHYLOGONE VALLET-ROGEZ, of 223, Boulevard de la Liberté, Lille,
Department du Nord, in the Republic of France, Merchant, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:
:-
In order to render combustion complete it is necessary for the combustible to
be in contact, at a convenient temperature, with a sufficient quantity of oxygen,
but in practice these conditions are never found together and thus a considerable
loss of heat is caused. Now this loss may be avoided by combining with the solid
combustibles a mixture of substances capable of furnishing at an appropriate
time during combustion and in the mass itself of the combustible a quantity
of hydrated oxygen in a nascent state sufficient to render the combustion com-
plete.
This mixture comprises mainly;
1. Bichromates, permanganates, nitrates and so on, alkalines, earthy or metallic
alkalines or any other compound rich in oxygen which becomes easily decom-
posed by heat in the presence of carbon.
2. A bichromate or carbonate of alkaline or earthy alkalines for the purpose
of forming a crust on the surface of the combustible and for temporarily retain-
ing the oxygen so as to prevent its partial escape during the combustion owing
to a too rapid decomposition of the compounds.
To the above mentioned substances is usually added a certain proportion of
soot or other dry material in a pulverized condition, the object being to maintain
the mixture in such a physical state as to be most favorable for its use.
The following is an example of the composition of the mixture which I prefer
to use, viz.:-
Bichromate or permanganate of sodium or potassium,
or a mixture of these substances -
Nitrate of potassium, sodium, calcium
or a mixture of these substances
-
-
50 parts by weight.
or ammonium,
Biborate or sodium or potassium, of carbonate of sodium
or potassium, or of calcium or a mixture of same
Soot a sufficient quantity to keep the mixture in a
pulverulent state, say about
-
-
-
30 parts by weight.
20 parts by weight.
2 parts by weight.
The proportions above given may however vary according to the nature of the
coal or other combustible. The quantity of mixture employed per ton of coal
varies from five-hundred grammes to one kilogramme, lean coal requiring less
than fatty coal. A table may be arranged for the quantities used by analysing
the combustibles.

page_text: I may also use the following composition although the result obtained is less
satisfying than with the former.
Bichromate or potassium or sodium
Nitrate of potassium or sodium
Biborate of sodium
Soot
50 parts by weight.
40 parts by weight.
10 parts by weight.
1 part by weight.
Amongst the compounds which may be used with advantage I would especially
name the peroxide of manganese alone or with sulphuric acid, the chlorate of
potassium, chloride of lime with a little slackened lime, oxide of mercury, bioxide
and oxygenated water.
These combustible mixtures according to this invention may be incorporated
in the combustibles either in a dry and pulverulent condition or as a solution
or in suspension in a suitable liquid, it being essential to obtain a complete
incorporation of the material as far as is possible.
As a result of my numerous experiments the combustibles prepared by my
process hereinbefore described ensure a more complete combustion, less smoke
and an economy of about one third in the quantity of combustibles ordinarily
required for producing a predetermined quantity of heat.
Obviously the process may be applied to any kind of combustible.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.
An Improved Process and Composition for Facilitating the
Combustion of Fuel.
I, FRANÇOIS PHYLOGONE VALLET-ROGEZ, of 223, Boulevard de la Liberté, Lille,
Department du Nord, in the Republic of France, Merchant, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to chemical products serving to facilitate the combus-
tion of fuels used for industrial purposes. It is well known that the essential
constituents of these products is a body capable of liberating, at the tem-
perature of the furnace and in the presence of the carbon of the fuel, a suitable
quantity of oxygen; the employment of these products is of course valuable
since there may thereby be obtained from the fuel, at a small expenditure and
with ready manipulation, an increased calorific effect, whilst the amount of
smoke produced by the combustion of this fuel is not great. The employment
of such substances has hitherto been very limited and has not so far given rise
to their manufacture upon a large scale; it is therefore permissible to doubt
the existence of the properties which have been claimed for the products which
have hitherto been manufactured. The principal defects to which these products
are liable are poorness of their results and the difficulty of preserving them.
In fact, although the necessity for adding to the substance rich in oxygen a
substance which moderates and regulates its decomposition, was soon recognised,
hitherto the two constituents which would each be the complement of the other
have not been found. Further, the compositions obtained have a tendency to be
deliquescent; chloride of sodium, the employment of which as a moderating

page_text: element has been proposed, unfortunately presents the defect of increasing this
tendency to deliquescence.
The subject of this invention is to furnish a product which shall be com-
pletely efficacious and simple in composition, whilst retaining- its properties for
an indefinite period. This product is characterised by the employment as its
constituent rich in oxygen of an alkaline bichromate or permanganate, and as
moderating substance, an alkaline biborate. The alkaline biborate possesses
the property of behaving in a very special manner; it melts at the temperature
of the furnace and oozes out at the surface of the fuel in such a manner as to
form a viscous crust which momentarily retains the oxygen gas liberated and
causes its complete combustion.
To these substances I add in practice a certain proportion of soot or any other
dry and pulverulent substance the object of which is merely to maintain the
mixture in a physical condition favourable to its use.
The following is the composition of a preferred form of mixture, which is
given by way of example.
Bichromate of sodium or potassium, or permanganate of
sodium or of potassium, or a mixture of these substances
Nitrate of potassium, of sodium, of calcium or of ammonium
or a mixture of these substances
Biborate of sodium or of potassium, or carbonate of sodium of
potassium or of calcium, or a mixture of these substances
Soot, in sufficient quantity for maintaining the mixture in a
pulverulent condition, about
50 parts by weight.
30 parts by weight.
20 parts by weight.
2 parts by weight.
The proportions above indicated may be varied in accordance with the nature
of the coal or other fuel; the quantity of this mixture which should be employed
per ton of coal varies from five hundred grammes to one kilogramme. Poor coal
requires less than rich coal. The scale of quantities to be employed may be
obtained by analysing the fuel.
I also give the following composition, although the results obtained by its
use are not so good as when the composition above mentioned is employed.
Bichromate of potassium or of sodium
Nitrate of potassium or of sodium
Biborate of sodium
Soot
50 parts by weight.
40 parts by weight.
10 parts by weight.
1 part by weight.
Amongst the oxygenated composites which may be employed with good results
I would also especially mention peroxide of manganese either alone or with
sulphuric acid, chlorate of potassium, chloride of lime with a small quantity
of slaked lime, mercuric oxide, bioxide of barium, oxygenated water.
Comburant mixtures in accordance with my invention may be incorporated
with fuel either in a dry and pulverulent condition or in solution or in sus-
pension in a liquid the essential being to obtain as intimate incorporation as
possible.
The result of numerous experiments shews that fuels prepared by this process
give a combustion which is more complete, more exempt from smoke and effect-
ing an economy of about one third as compared with the quantity of fuel
employed for producing a predetermined amount of heat.
I reserve the right to apply my process to all kinds of solid combustibles.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. The composition of matter above described for facilitating the combustion
of coal and solid fuels in general, consisting of a bichromate salt, a permanganate
salt, a nitrate salt, a biborate alkaline salt and soot, substantially as described.

page_text: 2. The composition of matter above described, for facilitating the combustion
of coal and solid fuels in general, consisting of 50 parts by weight of a mixture
of any desired proportions of alkaline bichromate and of alkaline permanganate,
of 30 parts of a nitrate salt, of 20 parts of alkaline biborate and of 2 parts
of soot.
3. The composition of matter above described, consisting of 50 parts by weight
of an alkaline bichromate, 40 parts of an alkaline nitrate, 10 parts of biborate
of sodium and 1 part of soot.
4. The composition of matter above described for facilitating the combustion
of coal and of solid fuels in general, consisting of a strongly oxidating substance,
an alkaline biborate and soot, the whole being mixed and made up in the form
of a soluble powder and being intended to be added to the fuel either in a dry
state or in solution.
Dated this fith dox of Tu1 1000
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.