IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC COMPOSITIONS HAVING PHOSPHORUS COMBINED THEREWITH, THE SAME,BEING APPLICABLE FOR BEARINGS AND OTHER PARTS OF MACHINERY EXPOSED TO FRICTION."
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Primerose Howard Vaughan, F.C.S., of
54, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC
COMPOSITIONS HAVING PHOSPHORUS COMBINED THEREWITH, THE SAME,BEING
APPLICABLE FOR BEARINGS AND OTHER PARTS OF MACHINERY EXPOSED TO
FRICTION." A communication from abroad by Charles Künzel,
Doctor of Philosophy, residing at Blasewitz, in the Kingdom of
Saxony.
Sealed the 21st July 1874, and dated the 8th May 1874.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said 'Edward Primerose
Howard Vaughan at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with his Petition and Declaration, on the 8th May 1874, pursuant
to the 9th Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said 'Edward Primerose
Howard Vaughan at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with his Petition and Declaration, on the 8th May 1874, pursuant
to the 9th Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, Edward
PRIMEROSE HOWARD VAUGHAN, F.C.S. of 54, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, send greeting,

page_text: WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC COMPOSITIONS HAVING PHOSPHORUS COMBINED
THEREWITH, THE SAME BEING APPLICABLE FOR BEARINGS AND OTHER PARTS OF
MACHINERY EXPOSED TO FRICTION," and have petitioned Her Majesty to
grant unto me, my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal
Letters Patent for the same, and have made solemn Declaration that
it has been communicated to me from abroad by Charles Künzel, Doctor
of Philosophy, residing at Blasewitz, in the Kingdom of Saxony.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Primerose Howard
Vaughan, do hereby declare that the following Complete Specification,
under my hand and seal, fully describes and ascertains the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
in and by the following statement, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the manufacture or formation of metallic
compositions having phosphorus combined therewith, and applicable for
the purposes herein-after mentioned, such metals being employed as
possess or will form alloys or mixtures possessing different degrees of
fusibility, and which respectively become solidified at different degrees
of temperature. A composition is thereby formed which in the process
of cooling after the application of sufficient heat to produce fusion results
in a porous or cellular mass, the walls of which are formed of the less
fusible and harder material, while the pores or cells or interstices are
filled with the more fusible and softer metal, which may have become
. more or less mixed or alloyed with one or more of the harder and less
fusible metals. The mass thus produced consequently presents the
metallic alloy or alloys, or mixture or mixtures resulting from the com-
bination of parts as before-mentioned of different degrees of hardness
and fusibility, and is found to be peculiarly applicable to the manu-
facture of bearings and, other parts of machinery exposed to friction.
The softer or more fusible portions of the mass are held as it were in
frames formed by the harder portions, and constitute in fact the rubbing
face which is exposed to the revolution of the axle, shaft, or spindle, or
other part of the machinery with which it is brought in contact.
The component parts of the metallic compositions are varied according
to the character of the metal of which the axle, shaft, or spindle, or
other part of the machinery with which it is brought into frictional
contact is formed in such a manner that the harder and less fusible

page_text: metal or metals, or alloy or alloys, or mixture or mixtures which first
solidifies or solidify in the process of cooling, nearly equals the hardness
of the part which is in frictional contact therewith, whilst the character
or proportions of the softer and more fusible alloy or mixture is or are
so regulated as to be adapted to the velocity of the revolutions of the
axle shaft or spindle.

page_text: It may also be here observed that in the practical working of the
present Invention, "phosphor bronze" may for convenience be used
and combined with lead, and also when necessary or convenient with
zinc for the purpose of forming the compositions herein-before
mentioned, instead of employing and mixing phosphorus, tin, and
copper separately..
Having thus declared and ascertained the nature of the said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I would observe in
conclusion that what I consider novel and original, and therefore claim
as constituting the present Invention are,-
First. The manufacture of metallic compositions combined with
phosphorus, substantially as and for the purposes herein-before described
and set forth.
And, Secondly. The application and use of the metallic compositions
combined with phosphorus, herein-before described in the manufacture
or construction of bearings and other parts of machinery exposed to
friction.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Primerose Howard Vaughan,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Eighth day of May, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.