IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL
Year: 1885

page_text: I, JOHN GJERS, of the Ayresome Iron Works, Middlesbrough, in the North
Riding of the County of York, Ironmaster, do hereby declare the nature of
said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL" to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to further developments of the invention described in the
specification of a former Patent granted to me under date the 17th day of
April 1884 N° 6484 for treating the molten metal in the manufacture of steel
with carbonic oxide gas, or a mixture of carbonic oxide gas and nitrogen,―
According to the mode of carrying out the said invention as described in my said
former specification the carbonic oxide or mixture of carbonic oxide and nitrogen
was blown through the molten metal in a converter. Now I have discovered that
steel produced otherwise than by the pneumatic process may be advantageously
treated in a similar manner in the furnace or apparatus wherein it has been
produced, and likewise that such treatment of steel whether produced by the
pneumatic process or otherwise may in some cases advantageously take place in a
vessel, which may be a ladle, separate from the converter or furnace or apparatus
wherein the molten steel has been produced.
For this purpose the carbonic oxide or mixture of carbonic oxide and nitrogen is
introduced into the molten steel by any convenient means, such as by inserting into
the molten steel a conducting pipe or pipes that is or are in connection with a
producer or with a gas holder or reservoir of any suitable kind so that the required
quantity of carbonic oxide or mixed carbonic oxide and nitrogen is caused to pass
through the molten steel for the purpose set forth in my said former specification.
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page_text: Improvements in the manner
I JOHN GJERS, of the Ayresome Iron Works, Middlesbrough, in the North
Riding of the County of York, Ironmaster, do hereby declare the nature of said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to further developments of the invention described in the
specification of a former Patent granted to me under date the 17th day of
April 1884 N° 6484 for treating the molten metal in the manufacture of steel
with carbonic oxide gas, or a mixture of carbonic oxide gas and nitrogen.
According to the mode of carrying out the said invention as described in my said
former specification the carbonic oxide or mixture of carbonic oxide and nitrogen
was blown through the molten metal in a converter. Now I have discovered that
steel produced otherwise than by the pneumatic process may be advantageously
treated in a similar manner in the furnace or apparatus wherein it has been
produced and likewise that such treatment of steel whether produced by the
pneumatic process or otherwise may in some cases advantageously take place in
a vessel, which may be a ladle, separate from the converter or furnace or apparatus
wherein the molten steel has been produced.
For this purpose the carbonic oxide or mixture of carbonic oxide and nitrogen is
introduced into the molten steel by any convenient means, such as by inserting
from above into the molten steel and pushing to the bottom a conducting pipe or
pipes that is or are in connection with a producer or with a gas holder or reservoir
of any suitable kind so that the required quantity of carbonic oxide or mixed
carbonic oxide and nitrogen is caused to pass through the molten steel for the
purpose set forth in my said former specification. The pipe or pipes employed for
conducting the gas to and through the molten metal should be made of steel or
iron covered or not with refractory material such as loam, ganister fireclay or
firebrick tubes.
When applying my present invention for the treatment of molten metal in an
open hearth furnace the gas is conducted into the steel by means of a hollow
rabble the working of which is well understood. For treating molten metal in a
crucible I insert from above while the crucible is yet in the furnace a small iron or
steel tube of about inch diameter conveying the gas and allowing it to rise
through the steel from the bottom upwards.
When the steel is treated in a ladle a tube say about one inch in diameter is
employed for conducting the gas; it is inserted into the steel so as to extend down
to near the bottom of the ladle and the gas is allowed to escape upward through
the steel.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is ;-
1. In the manufacture of steel in open hearth furnaces and in crucibles the
treatment of the molten metal with carbonic oxide or mixed carbonic oxide and

page_text: nitrogen for the purpose set forth in the specification of my former Patent N° 6484
A.D. 1884 in the manner hereinabove described.
2. The hereinabove described improvement in the manufacture of steel which
consists in treating the molten metal in the ladle with carbonic oxide or mixed
carbonic oxide and nitrogen in the manner set forth.