Improvements in Telegraph Cables or the like.
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Telegraph Cables or the like.
°
I, JOHN JAMES HALL, of Observatory Cottage, Datchet Road, Slough, Bucks,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to telegraph cables or the like such for instance as are
known as lead covered air-space cables for telephones and telegraphs.
For long distance working it is desirable to have cables with as low induction
as possible and to this end cables have been constructed with the several conductors
separated from each other by having specially prepared paper wound or twisted
round them. Such paper or dielectric is not perforated and it is the object of the
present invention to increase the air space and this is effected as follows according
to my present invention.
The wires or conductors in the cable are each specially and separately enclosed.
or covered in any suitable manner by an envelope or covering of openwork or very
porous material advantageously a woven or netted fabric such for instance as a
textile of the character known as
"Leno."
This material is mounted on or around the conductors in any suitable manner
for instance wound or twisted thereon.
By this means more air space is secured than with paper and induction will bo
greatly reduced; furthermore by this invention freer circulation of air is obtained
(than in other dry core cables) and if desired dry air may be driven through the
cable in order to remove any moisture which may obtain access to the conductors.
1008
Improvements in Telegraph Cables or the like.
I, JOHN JAMES HALL, of Observatory Cottage, Datchet Road, Slough, Bucks,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
[Price 3d.]

page_text: same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
This invention relates to telegraph cables or the like (other than deep-sea cables)
such for instance as are known as lead covered air-space cables for telephones and
telegraphs for land lines.
The wires or conductors in the cable are according to the present invention
each specially and separately enclosed or covered in any suitable manner by an
envelope or covering of openwork or very porous or perforated material advan-
tageously a woven or netted fabric such for instance as a textile of the character
known as "Leno" or muslin.
This material (netted fabric) is mounted on or around each wire or conductor in
any suitable manner for instance rolled round each said wire respectively and each
such wrapper secured to its wire in any suitable manner for instance by a' fibrous
thread or yarn wound spirally around the outside of same, or said material may
be wound or twisted spirally on each said wire.
"
A large number of these separate wires or conductors each thus independently
covered or protected with its individual covering of Leno or the like-for
instance one hundred or more or less of these covered wires-are then (in a bundle)
placed in a pipe or tube of lead or the like conduit and. although thus all laid
together the wires or conductors are perfectly insulated by the aforesaid separate
coverings of Leno or the like fabric and no amount of compression to which they
would be put or be liable either in building up the cable or in use will place the
wires in metallic contact.
By this invention considerable air-space is secured and induction will be greatly
reduced; furthermore by this invention freedom of circulation of air is obtained
and if desired dry air may be driven through the cable in order to remove any
moisture which may obtain access to the conductors.
Referring to the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a short length of lead-covered air-space cable accord-
ing to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a view-on a greatly enlarged scale of one of the conductors or wires
(with its covering of Leno or netted fabric) removed from the cable.
Fig. 3 is a cross section on line 3-3 Fig. 1.
AA are the copper wires or, conductors.
B is the Leno or netted fabric by which each wire A is individually covered as
aforesaid.
C is a yarn or textile thread by which the covering B is secured on its wire A
see Fig. 2.
D is a stouter textile thread or string by which the whole bundle of such covered
wires are tied together.
E is the conduit consisting-in the case illustrated- of a round lead pipe..
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
1. In the construction of cables for the purposes specified-providing each in-
dividual wire or conductor with a separate covering or wrapper of a textile fabric
such as Leno or muslin and then laying a large number of such covered wires in
a bunch or bundle in a lead pipe or other suitable conduit substantially in the
manner and for the purposes herein before described.
2. An electric telegraph cable, composed of a plurality of conductors each pro-
vided with a loose wrapping of a netted textile fabric, a thread or yarn of textile
material wound spirally upon said wrapping, the said conductors being laid
together in a bunch in the form of a cable, a textile cord wound spirally around
the whole, and an exterior casing enclosing the said bunch of conductors, substan-
tially as described.

page_text: 3. The improved construction of cables substantially in the manner and for the
purposes hereinbefore described and as illustrated in the drawings hereunto
annexed.
P TL
1809
TONGUE & BIRKBECK,
Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.