Improvements in the Manufacture of Axleboxes for Road Vehicles, Shaft, Pipe, and other Couplings, and Metallic Collars.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Jan., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 9th Oct., 1889-Accepted, 23rd Nov., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Axleboxes for Road Vehicles,
Shaft, Pipe, and other Couplings, and Metallic Collars.
We WILLIAM PILKINGTON of 124 Upper Sutton Street Aston, Steel tube drawer,
CHARLES THOMAS BISHOP of 31 Wheeleys Lane, Birmingham, Wire Worker and
ANDERSON BROWNSWORD of Mapperley Road Nottingham Silk Merchant, do hereby
declare the nature of our said invention to be as follows :—
The Axleboxes to which our Invention refers are not those used for railway
carriages and wagons, but such as are used for ordinary vehicles running on common
roads.
The couplings are such as are used for shafts or pipes or analogous purposes.
We will describe our invention as applied to the manufacture of Axle-boxes as
above described.
We provide a hollow mould made of iron or steel, the interior service of this mould
corresponds with the exterior surface of the Axlebox to be made. There are recesses
in the mould corresponding to the feathers or webs on the outside of the Axle box.
The mould may be made in one piece or in two or more pieces appropriately and
firmly secured together either by permanent or temporary fastenings as found in
practice to be most suitable. The mould must be made of ample strength in order to
withstand 'the pressure to which it is subjected.
if
We place the mould upright, the lower end of the mould is usually closed, or
open it rests on a metallic table or platen which closes the lower end when
in use.
The upper end of the mould is the end where the larger end of the Axle-box will
be when it is made.
We partly fill the mould with Steel in a fluid or in a plastic state, if the metal is
in a plastic state then we previously form it to either an approximately conical shape
or to a shape approximately corresponding with that of the inner surface of the mould,
that is to say the piece of Metal is larger in diameter at the top than at the bottoni
there being a « set off," at one part of it.
We provide a ram or plunger of a shape suitable for forming the required hole
through the axle box.
We place this ram suitably fixed above and concentric with the mould so that their
vertical axes coincide.
By means of hydraulic or other pressure we cause the ram to descend into the
mould, or the mould to rise towards the ram, or both actions to be combined. When
the ram enters the fluid or plastic Steel it causes it to rise in the mould and the ram
forces the Steel into every part of the mould, escape at the bottom being impossible.
An axle-box is thus formed having its outside formed to the shape of the inner surface
of the mould, and with a hole through it corresponding to the shape of the ram.
In combination with the direct pressure of the ram or plunger we prefer to
give it a simultaneous motion of rotation about its own axis, and we prefer to
make the end which enters the mould of a bulbous shape so as to reduce
friction.
When dealing with steel in a plastic condition we may vary the process above
described by using the mould in a horizontal instead of a vertical position in this
case both ends are open and we force two rams or plungers in, that is to say one from
each end. Simultaneously these plungers approach each other very nearly, driving the
inetal into all the recesses of the mould as before described and leaving a thin fin or
web between them which we afterwards remove by appropriate means.
The rains
or plungers may be rotated as above described and may have their ends of a bulbous
shane

page_text: We manufacture couplings and collars in a similar manner to that above described,
the moulds and the rams being varied to suit each particular case.
Dated 9th January 1889.
THOS. KENDRICK,
Agent for Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Axleboxes, for Road Vehicles,
Shaft, Pipe, and other Couplings, and Metallic Collars.
We WILLIAM PILKINGTON of 124 Upper Sutton Street Aston Steel tube drawer
CHARLES THOMAS BISHOP of 31 Wheeleys Lane Birmingham Wire Worker and
ANDERSON BROWNSWORD of Mapperley Road Nottingham Silk Merchant, do hereby
declare the nature of our said invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement
The Axle boxes to which our Invention refers are not those used for railway
carriages and wagons, but such as are used for ordinary vehicles running on common
roads.
The couplings are such as are used for shafts or pipes or analogous purposes.
We will describe our Invention as applied to the manufacture of axle boxes as
above described.
We provide a hollow mould made of iron or steel, the interior surface of this
mould corresponds with the exterior surface of the axle box to be made. There are
recesses in the mould corresponding to the feathers or webs on the outside of the axle
box. The mould may be made in one piece or in two or more pieces-appropriately
and firmly secured-together either by permanent or temporary fastenings as found in
practice to be most suitable. The mould must be made of ample strength in order to
withstand the pressure to which it is subjected.
We place the mould upright, the lower end, of the mould is usually closed, or
if open, it rests on a metallic table or platen which closes the lower end when
in use.
The upper end of the mould is the end where the larger end of the axle box will
be when it is made.
We partly fill the mould with steel in a fluid or in a plastic state, if the metal
is in a plastic state then we previously form it to either an approximately conical
shape or to a shape apppoximately corresponding with that of the inner surface of
the mould, that is to say, the piece of metal is larger in diameter at the top than at
the bottom there being a "Set off" at one part of it.
a ram or plunger of a shape suitable for forming the required hole
We provide
through the axle-box.
We place this ram suitably fixed above and concentric with the mould so that
their vertical axes coincide.
By means of hydraulic or other pressure we cause the ram to descend into the
mould, or the mould to rise towards the ram or both actions to be combined. When
the ram enters the fluid or plastic Steel it causes it to rise in the mould and the
ram forces the steel into every port of the mould, escape at the bottom being im-
possible. An axle box is thus formed having its outside formed to the shape of the
inner surface of the mould, and with a hole through it corresponding to the shape
of the ram.
In combination with the direct pressure of the ram or plunger we prefer to give
it a simultaneous motion of rotation about its own axis, and we prefer to make
the end which enters the mould of a bulbous shape so as to reduce friction.
When dealing with steel in a plastic condition we may vary the process above
described by using the mould in a horizontal instead of a vertical position in this
case both ends are open and we force two rams or plungers in, that is to say one
from each end. Simultaneously these plungers approach each other very nearly,

page_text: driving the metal into all the recesses of the mould as before described and leaving
a thin fin or web between them which we afterwards remove by appropriate means.
The rams or plungers may be rotated as above described and may have their ends of
a bulbous shapo.
We manufacture couplings and collars in a similar manner to that above
described, the moulds and the rams being varied to suit each particular case.
And in order that this our said Invention may be more fully understood we shall
now proceed more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose we shall
refer to the several figures in the sheets of drawings hereunto annexed, the same letters
of reference indicating corresponding parts throughout all the figures.
Fig. 5. is a side view elevation of the mould as Fig. 4. fixed in a frame in a
horizontal position with two rams or plungers, one entering from each end of the
mould for the formation of an axle-box.
Fig. 6. is a end view of same, shewing the mode of fixing the mould.
Fig. 7. is an axle-box after being removed from the mould, differing in the shape
or configuration only.
Fig. 8. is the coupling or collar for shafts and pipes, to be produced from moulds
in the manner above described for axle-boxes.
Fig. 9. is the ram or plunger with a bulbous end.
.
a is the hollow mould, is the opening at the top, and c, is the bottom of same,
d, d, are recesses, by which the feathers or webs, e, e, are produced, in this said
mould we deposit a certain amount of steel in a fluid or in a plastic state we then
wring it under a solid cylindrical rum or plunger f, the diameter of which corresponds
to the internal diameter of the axle-box to be made, the ram or plunger f. being
concentric with the mould a,-y, is the table, upon which the mould a finds a bearing,
and h, is the frame of an hydraulic press carrying the said ram or plunger, by
means of this or other pressure we force down this said ram or plunger f. into the
metal which is in a fluid or plastic state, and in the mould a as above described. So
that as the ram or plunger descends into the metal, the latter becomes displaced
and rises proportionately so that when is at the bottom of a or nearly so it is
surrounded by the fluid or plastic metal, which reaches to the top of the mould a,
or nearly so and by the force given an impression of the mould with its details is
obtained, and when sufficiently cold is removed from the mould a and from the
rain or plunger f; the axle-box is now formed as shewn in Figs. 2 and 7.
In Figs. 3 and 4, we illustrate another mode of carrying out our invention we make
the mould a, in two halves or sections, or it may be constructed in more than two
parts but having projections to engage with each other known and used for other
purposes as piece moulds, when these parts are arranged together they are secured
by means of the bands i, and bolts j, and then affixed to the rising table or platen g',
of the hydraulic press, by checking into the said table as shewn at 9. We may
thus use the mould a, with the bottoin c. as shewn in Fig. 1. or with a loose bottom,
or without a bottom, as by checking the mould a, into the table as g', the said table
would serve as the bottom.
As Figs. 1 and 3 the direct pressure of the ram or plunger f. would be accompanied
with a simultaneous motion of rotation about its own axis, we may use the said

page_text: plunger of the shape here shewn or with a bulbous shaped end as shewn at Fig. 9
for reducing the friction.
In Figs. 5 and 6 we vary the process above described by fixing the mould in a
horizontal position, the mould a, is open at b, and c, to admit the two rams or
plungers ff. that is one from each end, simultaneously. The metal by preference
deposited in a, by this mode would be better in a plastic state and we should form it'
previously by suitable means either to an approximately conical shape, or to a shape
approximately corresponding to the inner shape or configaration of the mould a;
with the force to the rams f, f, and simultaneously we impart a motion, (by any
suitable means) causing them to rotate in different directions, as before described the
metal is forced or driven into a, and an impression taken with all its detail, in this
mode also we may use f. f. the rams or plungers as shewn in Fig. 5 or with the
bulbous shaped end as Fig. 9. The axle-box thus formed is removed from the mould a,
as before described and in Fig. 1 where the ram meets the bottom of the mould a, and
in Fig. 3. where the ram meets the bottom of a. or the table or platen g' or in Fig. 5.
where the two rams meet, in either case a thin fin or web of metal remains which we
remove by suitable means so that a hole is through.
In the foregoing specification and upon the accompanying sheets of drawings we
have set forth and shown our Invention in connection with the manufacture of axle-
boxes and of couplings or collars for shafts or pipes, but we may by this process
manufacture these articles in various forms, according to the purpose they may be.
employed, this would be effected by constructing the moulds according to the required
configuration.
The above being our said Invention we wish it to be observed in conclusion that we
do not limit ourselves to the precise details or arrangements of parts as shewn on the
accompanying sheets of drawings but that we hold ourselves at liberty to alter or
modify the same without departing essentially from our said Invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is.
1st. The construction and application of a mould a, in one piece, open at the top at b.
and closed at the bottom at c. as Fig. 1. or open at the top at b, and having no bottom,
the bottom being formed by the table or platen g¹ upon which it bears, or in two or
more halves, or Sections, bound together by bands i, Figs. 3 and 4, or in one or
more pieces open at b, and c. Fig. 5, all in combination with the ram or plunger f
as Fig. 1. 3. 5. or 9 substantially as and for the purpose herein before set forth and
described.
2. The general construction combination and arrangement of parts as hereinbefore
described and illustrated on the accompanying sheets of drawings the whole
forming:
"Improvements in the manufacture of axle boxes for road vehicles, shaft pipe,
and other couplings and metallic collars."
Dated 9th October 1889.
THOS. KENDRICK,
Agent for Applicants.