Improvements in Steel Tool or Cutter Grinding Machines.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Aug., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 4th May, 1894-Accepted, 9th June, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Steel Tool or Cutter Grinding Machines.
I SAMUEL DIXON of the Firm of Kendall & Gent of the Victoria Works
Springfield Lane, Salford in the County of Lancaster, Machine Tool Makers d.,
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to the grinding, shaping and sharpening of steel cutters and
tools used in the shaping and working of metals and materials as for example the
cutters used in milling and wheel cutting machines, drills, taps and other tools.
In such a machine when operating upon a circular cutter the work is mounted and
revolved intermittently so that a revolving grinder can act successively upon the
cutting edges. The operation of the grinder leaves a slight burr which is either
left on the cutter or is removed by means of a hand tool. In my improved machine
the work is carried by a table which can be brought into position for the work to
be operated upon by a lap which can be arranged to skim the other faces not
operated upon by the first grinder so as to remove the burrs and to leave clean
smooth cutting edges. For the purpose I prefer to use a copper disc or a copper
tool of suitable form which can be supplied with suitable attrition material. In one
construction a fixed head carries a main spindle having a grinder at one end and a
disc shaped lap at the other. A swing frame turns upon the axis of the said
spindle and carries a second spindle which receives motion from a belt pulley upon
the main spindle and is provided with a cutter grinder. The cutter grinder can be
raised and lowered by the turning of the swing frame upon its fulcrum and be
fixed in the required position or may be raised and lowered during the grinding
operation by hand or by means of a template or profile so that the grinder can
operate upon cutters having curved or shaped cutting edges. To enable the swing
frame to be easily moved during the operation the swing frame is partly balanced.
When the cutting edges have been ground the table can be turned to bring the lap
into use to remove the burrs and clean up the cutting edges. The head is carried
by a pillar upon which the table to carry the work is fitted to slide up and down.
The said table is or may be fitted with traversing slides and with means for
revolving the work so that the machine may be used for grooving taps or for
grinding or shaping spiral or other cutters or milling tools and the table is
arranged to be raised and lowered by means of a rack and pinion or by suitable
means. The table can be turned around the pillar so as to be in position suitable
for either of the grinders or for the finishing lap. The latter can be changed for
an emery wheel if required. To facilitate changing, the spindle end is tapered to
receive a sleeve carrying the grinder or lap wheel.
In a complete machine provide angle guides for drill or tool grinding in
connection with the grinder on the main spindle thus making the machine
serviceable for grinding a large variety of tools. If preferred the machine might
be so constructed as that either the grinding or finishing wheel could be brought
to the work by turning a swivel head carrying the revolving spindles and swing
frame.
A divided circle or adjustable stops or both facilitate the adjustment of the table
around the pillar.
E. K. DUTTON & Co.,
5, John Dalton Street, Manchester, Agents.

page_text: Improvements in Steel Tool or Cutter Grinding Machines.
I SAMUEL DIXON of the Firm of Kendall & Gent, of the Victoria Works,
Springfield Lane, Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Tool Makers, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying drawings:-
My invention relates to the grinding, shaping and sharpening of steel cutters
and tools used in the shaping and working of metals and materials as for example
the cutters used in milling and wheel cutting machines drills, taps, and other
tools.
In such a machine when operating upon a circular cutter the work is mounted
and revolved intermittently so that a revolving grinder can act successively upon
the cutting edges. The operation of the grinder leaves a slight burr which is
either left on the cutter or is removed by means of a hand tool. In my improved
machine the work is carried by a table which can be brought into position for the
work to be operated upon by a lap which can be arranged to skim the other faces
not operated upon by the first grinder so as to remove the burrs and to leave clean
smooth cutting edges.
For the purpose I prefer to use a copper disc or a copper tool of suitable
form which can be supplied with suitable attrition material. In one construction a
fixed head carries a main spindle having a grinder at one end and a disc shaped lap
at the other. A swing frame turns upon the axis of the said spindle and carries a
second spindle which receives motion from a belt pulley upon the main spindle and
is provided with a cutter grinder. The cutter grinder can be raised and lowered
by the turning of the swing frame upon its fulcrum and be fixed in the required
position or may be raised and lowered during the grinding operation by hand or by
means of a template or profile so that the grinder can operate upon cutters having
curved or shaped cutting edges. To enable the swing frame to be easily moved
during the operation the swing frame is partly balanced. When the cutting edges
have been ground the table can be turned to bring the lap into use to remove the
burrs and clean up the cutting edges. The head is carried by a pillar upon which
the table to carry the work is fitted to slide up and down. The said table is or
may be fitted with traversing slides and with means for revolving the work so that
the machine may be used for grooving taps or for grinding or shaping spiral or
other cutters or milling tools and the table is arranged to be raised and lowered by
means of a rack and pinion or by suitable means. The table can be turned around
the pillar so as to be in position suitable for either of the grinders or for the
finishing lap. The latter can be changed for an emery wheel if required. To
facilitate changing the spindle end is tapered to receive a sleeve carrying the
grinder or lap wheel.
In a complete machine I provide angle guides for drill or tool grinding in
connection with the grinder on the main spindle thus making the machine service-
able for grinding a large variety of tools.
If preferred the machine might be so constructed as that either the grinding or
finishing wheel could be brought to the work by turning a swivel head carrying
the revolving spindles and swing frame.
A divided circle or adjustable stops or both facilitate the adjustment of the table
around the pillar.
In order that my invention may be clearly understood I will now proceed to
describe the same with reference to the annexed three sheets of illustrative
drawings.

page_text: Fig. 1, neet 1, is a front elevation of a tool or cutter grinding machine made
accordance with my invention.
Fig. 2 is an elevation of the side marked "
Fig. 3 Sheet 2 is a plan of the apparatus.
Fig. 4 is a separate view of the head B.
x" Fig: 1.
The whole apparatus is supported upon a column and standard A, the top of the
column carrying the head B. A shaft C is supported in suitable bearings in the
head B and is driven by a belt passing partly around the pulley D. One end of
the shaft C carries an ordinary grinding disc E, the other end carries the copper or
other lap F for removing the burr as already set forth. Upon the shaft CI pivot
a swing frame G which is most clearly shown in the plan view Fig. 3 Sheet 2 of
the drawings. One end of this swing frame G carries a shaft H upon one end of
which the grinding disc I is fixed, while the other end carries a pulley J, which
comes in line with a pulley K on the shaft C in the head B. Thus the shaft H
and grinder are driven from the shaft C. To balance the swing frame G, I
apply a weight L at the back as shown.
The frame may be made with a handle M in front, by which it is moved up
and down by the operator so as to bring the grinder in contact with the work or
remove it therefrom. But for ordinary working purposes and for setting the
grinding disc I to its work and lowering it as the grinding proceeds, I provide an
adjusting screw k connected at the foot to a pivot stud / supported in snugs m which
project from the sole of the head B. The upper screwed end of the rod k passes
through a nut pivotted in the swing frame G, and is adjusted by a hand wheel n on
the upper extremity of the screw rod k.
When it is wished to let the swing frame go free as for instance in profile work,
the collar on the screw k is detached at the foot so as to allow the screw to slide
freely. In addition to this there is a bracket N fixed upon the swing frame and a
rod O passes through a boss in this bracket and is made adjustable therein. The
uses of this will be hereinafter described. One side of the head B is bored to
receive a trunnion P, which can be fixed at any required position by a jamb
screw Q. The head of this trunnion P is adapted to receive a simple rest Ras
appears in Figs. 1 and 2, for using the disc E as an ordinary grinder; or the
trunnion might carry a rest such as is ordinarily used for grinding twist drills; but
any other suitable or desired rest night. be carried by the trunnion P. The
foregoing description concludes the list of parts carried by the head B and
attachments.
I now proceed to the table T which is pivotted upon the turned part of the
column or standard A. This table T is capable of being moved up and down on
the standard A by means of a rack and pinion appearing in the drawings and
operated from the band wheel V and worn and worm wheel V' appearing in
Figs. 1 and 2. This table can be swung round and jambed at any required point.
The table is formed with a vee top upon which slides a saddle W movable by
means of the screw and handle Y and carrying a turn-table Z which also is formed
with vee slides to support a short bed u. Upon this bed a I place the adjustable
centre brackets with adjustable centres c c which carry a mandril d upon which
I mount the spiral or other cutter or milling tool e upon which the grinding disc I.
is intended to act. To maintain the spiral or other cutter e in the same position
relatively to the grinding disc I a guide is mounted in an arm screwed to the
turn-table Z, the edge of the guide resting in a groove of the cutter e, and guiding
it in the ordinary manner as it is passed to and fro while being subjected to the
action of the grinding disc I. Upon the bed a I also secure a brackety (see
Fig. 5, Sheet 3) for use when cutters of irregular form are being ground. The
bracket g carries a removable and changeable template or contour face shaped
to the required curve or configuration and smoothed on the face. This curved
part gl comes oppes te to the lower point of the adjustable rod o already referred
to, and its uses are that the curve at y' represents accurately the curve of the face
of the cutter e being ground. For example suppose that the face of the cutter e

page_text: is hollow as shown, I make the template g' of the hollow curve shown in the drawings,
and after adjusting the rod O to suit the contact of the grinding disc with the
cutting edges of the cutter, I secure the cutter in position and move the bed a to
and fro during the grinding operation. The consequence is that as the curved
guide gl slides to and fro beneath the point of the rod O the swing frame G is
moved up and down and the grinding disc I accurately moves in the path defined
by the curve at as clearly shown in Fig. 5. The result is, that if the curve
of the template g¹ corresponds with the curve of the cutter e, the cutter will be
ground truly to its curve.
As has already been stated in the former part of this Specification grinding
operations leave a burr or rag along the inner edge of the face of the groove,
and under the conditions in existence before my present invention this burr or rag
is either left on the cutter or is removed by a subsequent operation with a hand
tool.
According to my invention I remove this burr by means of the revolving lap F
already referred to when describing the parts mounted on the head B. This lap
may be made of copper or other suitable material and is of the indicated shape so
that it may skim the faces of the grooves and leave a smooth sharp cutting edge
whereby the efficiency of the cutter is greatly improved.
To bring the cutter when it has been ground within range of the lap F, I swing
round the pivotted table T from beneath the disc I so as to come beneath the lap F
as indicated in dotted lines in the plan view Fig. 3, Sheet 2 and as shown in
elevation Fig. 4 Sheet 3 of the drawings. The grooves of the cutter e are thus
brought at right angles to the axial line of the lap F and the cutter being properly
adjusted it is moved to and fro and the lap made to skim the faces of the grooves
and so burnish off the burr or rag. The profiling means already described may be
used in conjunction with this burr removing process.
Although I have spoken of the cutters as being moved by hand to and fro
beneath the grinding disc and lap, they might be moved by a worm and wheel,
lever or other means. Also instead of moving the cutter to and fro, I might slide
the grinder or lap spindle with the grinder or lap disc to and fro.
The same disc E might also be used for grinding work supported by attachments
on the bed a, the table T being swung round beneath the disc E, in the same
manner in which it is swung round beneath the copper lap F.
It will be seen from the foregoing description that my improved mechanism is
capable of and fulfils a wide range of usefulness. It will grind any form of tool
including cylindrical, rectangular, semi-circular, or conical milling cutters with
teeth cut on the edge or face and whether the grooves are straight or spiral.
By the facilities for moving and adjusting the supporting tables, slides and beds,
I am enabled to subject the cutter or tool being ground, quickly and successively
to the action of the grinding disc and the lap in the manner described and shown
and might if need be subject the tool to a third operation from the disc E or other
disc replacing the disc E.
For grinding tapered cutters the centre brackets are replaced by an attachment
shown in Figs. 6 and 7 Sheet 3, the mandril o of which carries two adjustable
centres for holding solid cutters or rymers.
The bracket which sustains the mandril is secured to the bed a and the split
boss r of the bracket which holds the mandril o can be canted to any angle by a
worm and worm wheel t which appears in Fig. 7. The edges of the grooves in the
tapered cutter e are thus set so as to lie in the plane of movement of the grinding
disc I.
Figs. 8 and 9 show the same bracket q, with the mandril o replaced by a short stump
mandril to carry the angled cutter e. The boss r is shown tilted to the corresponding
angle which will present the edges of the grooves in a horizontal plane to the
grinding disc I.
Figs. 10 and 11 show the same attachment applied to the grinding of a cutter e
which has teeth both on the periphery and on the sides.

page_text: Figs. 12 and 13 (Sheet 2) show the same bracket attachment utilised to grindi
the teeth on the periphery of the cutter e' shown in Figs. 10 and 11.
Lastly Figs. 14 and 15 (Sheet 2) show the same attachment used in the grinding
of a saw u which is carried and slid to and fro on a mandril » projecting from the
bracket g.
The copper lap F might if desired be replaced by a grinding wheel or disc of"
any other suitable nature or formation.
Generally the combined machine is an exceedingly useful tool suitable for a great.
variety of grinding operations. If preferred the machine might be so constructed
as that either the grinding or finishing wheel would be brought to the work by
turning a swivel head carrying the revolving spindles and swing frame.
A divided circle or adjustable stops or both might be used to facilitate the turning
of the table around the standard.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is.
1. The general arrangement construction and combination of parts constituting
the improved steel tool or cutter grinding machine substantially as described and
as illustrated.
2. The improved steel tool or cutter grinding machine consisting of a standard
carrying a head with grinding disc, burr removing lap and rests as described and
supporting a pivotted, counter-balanced swing frame with grinding disc and
profiling guide and in combination with a moveable and adjustable table pivotted
ou the standard, and carrying adjustable slides and beds; centre and profile.
brackets, and guiding pointer, the whole arranged and operating substantially as-
described and as illustrated.
3. As an essential feature in the combination constituting my improved steel tool
or cutter grinding mechanism, the burr removing lap F mounted as a part of the
said mechanism and in combination with means for readily bringing the work into.
contact with the said lap without disturbing the work or removing it from the
apparatus substantially as described and shown.
4. In combination with grinding mechanism of the indicated nature, the improved
theans for effecting the profile grinding of cutters of irregular shapes, substantially
as described and shown.
5. As an essential feature of my improved combination the swing frame G
pivotted upon the spindle of the main head of the machine and arranged fitted and
operating for the purposes and substantially as described and shown.
Dated this 3rd day of May 1894.
E. K. DUTTON & Co.,
5, John Dalton Street, Manchester, Agents..