Improvements in Machinery for Reducing Grain or Grain Produce and other Substances.
Year: 1888

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for Reducing Grain or Grain Produce
and other Substances.
I, JOHN AUGUSTE ARNOLD BUCHHOLZ, of 8 Park Street Viaduct, in the City of
Bristol, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
It is well known that rollers have of late taken the place of millstones and rotating
grinding discs, for the reduction of cereals and other substances, but in operating
upon fine middlings," or "dunst" to effect the further reduction of the same, the
wind pressure generated by the rapid rotation of the rollers has proved sufficiently
powerful to prevent the feed reaching the bite of the rollers, and the use of high
speeded rollers had consequently to be abandoned.
"
Now, as this difficulty in the "feeding" at high velocities does not happen with
disc machines, it seemed to me desirable to combine the advantages of the short
grinding path and rolling action of the rollers with the centrifugal action of discs or
millstones.
To this end, I employ a pair of discs hollowed out centrally on their working faces,
and otherwise so shaped as to resemble near their peripheries, in cross section, the
bite of a pair of rollers. The profile of the working surfaces may be varied according
to the nature of the material to be treated, or the degree of comminution or cutting
desired, and the surfaces may be smooth or serrated, or be armed with blades with
edged or pointed cutters.
The pair of discs so shaped and armed, and provided with a suitable central feed, I
propose to rotate in one and the same direction, but at a slightly differentiated speed,
approximating the ratio of speeds found to be most effective with rollers, such as 4
to 5, 2 to 3, 1 to 2, or 1 to 3, instead of, as heretofore, rotating only one disc, the
other being stationary, or of rotating both discs in reverse directions, or of rotating
both discs in the same direction, but at a considerable difference of speed.
In order to obtain an effective distance adjustment between the acting surfaces, I
mount one disc on the end of a sleeve shaft, and support that shaft in a pair of fixed
bearings. The other disc I mount on a shaft which passes through the sleeve shaft,
and is also mounted in a pair of fixed bearings.
Each shaft is provided with a collar for limiting the approach of the two discs to
each other. The collar of the sleeve shaft is held in contact with one of its fixed
bearings by means of a coiled spring or its equivalent, and the collar of the central
shaft is similarly held up to an adjustable gear wheel loose on that shaft, but having a
screwed boss, fitting a thread cut in the adjacent fixed bearing. This is for the
purpose of determining the position of the disc of the central shaft relatively to the
other disc.
The hub of the disc carried by the central shaft is cored out longitudinally to form
passages for the feed (whether grain or meal) to pass from the hopper of the mill to
the space within the rotating discs.
The passage of this feed is facilitated by means of an archimedean screw placed in
the bottom of the hopper, and fitted so as to rotate with the shaft.
The coiled spring of this shaft has a tendency to draw its disc towards the disc of
the sleeve shaft, and by reason of the coiled spring of the sleeve shaft, an opposite
tendency is given to its disc to advance towards the disc of the central shaft, which
advance is limited by the contact of the sleeve shaft collar with the adjacent bearing.
By this means, a delicate distance adjustment of the grinding surfaces is secured,
while, at the same time, the discs are free to yield and permit of the discharge of any
hard extraneous substance.
Dated this 21st day of January 1889

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for Reducing Grain or Grain Produce
and other Substances.
•
I JOHN AUGUSTE ARNOLD BUCHHOLZ of 8 Park Street Viaduct, in the City of
Bristol, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
It is well known that rollers have of late taken the place of mill stones, and rotating
grinding discs, for the reduction of cereals and other substances, but in operating
upon fine "middlings," or "dunst," to effect the further reduction of the same, the
wind pressure generated by the rapid rotation of the rollers has proved sufficiently
powerful to prevent the feed reaching the bite of the rollers, and the use of high
speeded rollers had consequently to be abandoned.
Now, as this difficulty in the "feeding" at high velocities does not happen with
disc machines, it seemed to me desirable to combine the advantages of the short
grinding path and rolling action of the rollers, with the centrifugal action of discs or
millstones.
To this end I employ a pair of rotary discs hollowed out centrally on their inner
faces, and having an annular working face so shaped in cross section as to resemble
the bite of a pair of rollers.-These working surfaces may be smooth or serrated, or
be armed with blades with edged or pointed cutters, according to the work designed
to be effected.
For the purpose of ensuring and maintaining a proper clearance between the discs,
I provide a novel arrangement of distance adjustment, which will however allow of
the parting of the discs to discharge any extraneous matters admitted to the mill.
In the accompanying drawing,
Fig. 1 shews in side elevation a disc mill constructed according to this invention.
Fig. 2 is a cross section, taken in the line 1, 2 of Fig. 1, and
Fig. 3 is a sectional plan taken in the line 3, 4, of Fig. 1.
In these Figures, A is the bed of the machine, made of cast iron, and bolted thereto
is a pair of end standards A' A2, for supporting a central shaft B.
Upon this shaft is mounted a disc B¹, formed with an annular grinding surface on
its inner side, and near its periphery.
Facing this disc B₁, is a similarly shaped disc C, keyed to a sleeve shaft C, which
has its bearings in pedestals A³ A bolted to the bed of the machine.
This sleeve shaft C is formed with bushes to receive the shaft B, which turns freely
therein.
The discs B¹ Care enclosed in a casing D, which has a shute D¹ at bottom, for
delivering the meal to a suitable receiver.
The casing D is also provided with a shutter for the admission of the hand of the
attendant to the interior, to test from time to time the nature of the work.
The disc B is cast with openings for the admission of the corn or meal, as the case
may be, to the grinding surfaces, and the radial arms of the disc are formed of a
V section, for facilitating the passage of the feed to the grinding surfaces.
The corn or meal to be ground is supplied to a hopper E, fitted to the standard A²,
which is cast with a passage leading down to the standard bearing. This standard
bearing consists of a sleeve B2, which has a closed outer end, and extends inwards to
for the conical piece b carried by the disc B', and forming with the sleeve a passage
meet a travel of the corn or meal from the hopper to the openings in the disc.
This conical piece is bored out to fit accurately the inner end of the sleeve B².
In that portion of the sleeve B2 which lies within the standard A³, openings are
made to provide for the hopper discharging its contents into the sleeve; and, to
ensure the travel of the corn or meal along the sleeve, and between the discs, an
archimedian screw B³ is keyed to the shaft B, so that it may rotate therewith, and
impart the requisite travel to the feed.
.

page_text: The sleeve B is provided externally with a screw thread which fits into a
corresponding thread cut in the standard A³.
Within the sleeve, and situate between its closed end and the adjacent end of the
shaft B, is a coiled spring b.-This spring is inserted in the sleeve before it is set in
place in the standard, and upon the end of the spring is dropped a hardened steel
washer, and upon this, again, are two or more antifriction washers.
A bush is then made fast within the sleeve to receive the end of the shaft B, the
end of which, when the parts are in place, bears against the antifriction washers.
The use of the spring 61 is to hold the disc B² up to its work, and yet allow of its
yielding to any undue pressure on the grinding surfaces..
Keyed to the outer end of the sleeve B2, is a spur wheel B', for adjusting the
position of the screwed sleeve in its standard, and thereby regulating the elastic
pressure put upon the disc B.-The other end of the shaft B is similarly fitted with a
screwed sleeve B³, which takes into a screw thread of the standard A', and has its
closed, or outer end packed with antifriction washers, which bear against the adjacent
end of the shaft B.
Keyed to the sleeve B³, is a spur wheel B, by turning which, the position of the
screwed sleeve in the standard A¹ is regulated, in order to secure the proper distance
adjustment between the disés B¹, C¹.
F F are horizontal spindles having their bearings, the one, F, on the base plate,
and the other, F¹, in the standard A.
These spindles are fitted at their inner ends with hand wheels ff, and at their outer
ends with pinions f¹ƒ³, gearing respectively into the spur wheels B* B*.
The attendant, when standing opposite the casing D, will have the hand wheels
within reach, and as he feels from time to time the product falling from the mill, he
will be enabled, by the proximity of the two hand wheels, to regulate the distance
adjustment of the disc B¹ from the disc C, and also the pressure of the spring b¹
against the disc B¹.
•
In order to maintain the distance adjustment between the two discs B¹ C¹, it is
necessary that the latter disc should be held in position by spring pressure bearing
against a fixed point.
To provide for this, the sleeve shaft C is formed with a collar c, which bears,
through interposed anti friction washers, against the face of the pedestal A', in which
the sleeve shaft is mounted.
Formed on the face of this pedestal, is a sleeve projection, bored out to receive the
collar of the shaft C, and also a flanged gland c¹, which is strung on the shaft C in
rear of the collar, and of antifriction washers placed behind the collar.
This flanged gland c¹ is connected loosely with the pedestal A³, or a flanged
attachment of that pedestal, by means of screws c², the screwed ends of which carry
toothed nuts c³.
These nuts are encompassed by an annular toothed rack c', on the back of which
are worm teeth geared into by a worm c keyed to a short spindle c°, fitted with a
hand wheel.
This spindle c is mounted in bearings on the bed A, and when rotated, it will
cause the nuts c³ to travel on their screws c³, and adjust the distance between the
gland c and the pedestal A³.
Interposed between the gland and the pedestal is a powerful spring c", the office of
which is to hold the collar of the sleeve shaft C firmly up to the face of the
pedestal A*.
To compensate for the wear of this collar, it is only necessary to re-adjust the
position of the nuts on the screws c², when the spring c will advance the shaft C, to
bring the collar c into firm contact with the face of the pedestal A*.
It will thus be seen that the position of the disc C¹ will remain practically
unchanged, notwithstanding the wear of the parts consequent on the running of the
mill.
This result is essential to the obtaining and maintaining of a proper distance
adjustment between the two discs.

page_text: B' is a band pulley keyed on the shaft B, and C is a band pulley keyed on the
shaft C.-These may be driven conveniently from overhead pulleys, the proper
relative diameters of which are important to the successful working of the mill.
I have found, in practice, that a good result may be secured by driving the discs in
in one and the same direction, but at a slightly differentiated speed, approximating to
the ratio of speeds found to be most effective with rollers. Thus, I propose to drive
the discs at a ratio of say 4 to 5, or 2 to 3, or 1 to 2, or 1 to 3, instead of, as
heretofore, rotating only one disc, the other being stationary, or of rotating both discs
in reverse directions, or of rotating both discs in the same direction, but at. a
considerable difference of speed.
From the foregoing description it will be understood that by my invention, a
delicate distance adjustment of the grinding surfaces may be seenred and maintained,
the compensation for wear being provided for by the adjustment gear.
At the same
time, the discs are left free to yield, and permit of the discharge of any hard
extraneous substance, and the centrifugal action is availed of for discharging the
meal rapidly from the grinding surfaces.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1st. The use of annular rotating crushing or grinding surfaces constructed and
operating in the manner above set forth.
2nd. The means above described for maintaining the distance adjustment between
annular rotating crushing or grinding surfaces.
Dated this 20th day of June 1889.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Sept., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 21st June, 1889-Accepted, 21st Sept., 1839
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Endway Adjustment for Spindles of Surfacing and
Kindred Machines.
I JOHN AUGUSTE ARNOLD BUCHHOLZ of 8 Park Street Viaduct in the City of
Bristol, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to provide a delicate endway adjustment for the
cutter spindles of surfacing and kindred machines in which the cutters advance at
right angles to the surfaces submitted to their action.
The invention is particularly applicable to revolving cutter spindles of planing
machines, in which it is desirable to produce a true surface having little or no
indications of the course of the tool's action.
The indifferent work hitherto produced in this class of machines is mainly due to
the endway play of the cutter spindle, caused by necessary loose adjustment, which
play is increased by wear.
To avoid this defect, I mount the cutter spindle in a pair of fixed bearings, that is,
fixed relatively to each other, and form on the spindle a collar, which is held in contact
with an adjustable stop by means of a coiled spring or its equivalent.
This adjustable stop may conveniently consist of a sleeve (in which the spindle is
free to run) having a screw thread on its periphery, which takes into a screw thread
cut in the bearing farthest from the work.
By turning this screwed sleeve in its bearing, an endway motion will be imparted to
the spindle, its collar being held in contact with the sleeve stop by means of the
coiled spring.
The rough adjustment of the cutter spindle to its work may be effected in any well
known manner, the bearings carrying the spindle being shifted, say, by the rotation of
a traversing screw.
When the cutters are brought up to their work, it will only be necessary, in order
to ensure an accurate adjustment, to turn the sleeve stop in its bearing, and by thus
pressing on the collar of the spindle, to advance the tool to the position desired to be
maintained during the progress of the work.
Dated this 21st day of January 1889.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Endway Adjustment for Spindles of Surfacing and
Kindred Machines.
I, JOHN AUGUSTE ARNOLD BUCHHOLZ of & Park Street, Viaduct in the City of
Bristol, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
The object of this invention is to provide a delicate end way adjustment for the
cutter spindles of surfacing and kindred machines, in which the cutters advance at
right angles to the surfaces submitted to their action.
The invention is particularly applicable to the revolving cutter spindles of planing
machines, in which it is desirable to produce on the work a true surface having little
or no indications of the course of the tool's action, and it is such an application of the
invention that the accompanying drawing illustrates.
The indifferent work hitherto produced in this class of machines, is mainly due to

page_text: :
the endway play of the cutter spindle, caused by necessary loose adjustment, which
play is increased by wear, and it was to remove this defect that the device to be
presently described was designed.
The drawing shews in side elevation a well known construction of surfacing
machine, modified according to my invention, the cutter spindle adjustment being
shown in section.
A is the bed of the surfacing machine, and B are standards holted thereto,
between which slides vertically a headstock C. This headstock is fitted with two
bearings c, c, through which the cutter spindle D passes.
D' is a disc keyed to the spindle D, and formed to receive surfacing cutters which
are made fast thereto in any usual manner.
The spindle D fits the bearing c, but in the bearing c¹ is fitted a sleove c², for
embracing the spindle D. This sleeve is made fast to its bearing, and projects upwards
through it, and it is threaded at its upper end to receive a hand wheel D³.
d is a collar formed with or affixed to the spindle D, and between it and the hand-
wheel D² is placed a coiled spring d', the tendency of which is to support the cutter
spindle against the pressure of an endway adjustment device, and retract the cutters
from the work E, which work is fed forward in the usual manner adopted in surfacing
and planing machines.
Standing up from the headstock C, is a bracket extension C¹, which forms a bearing
for a sleeve e, through which the spindle D passes freely upwards. This sleeve c³ is
threaded externally to fit a corresponding thread cut in the bracket bearing, and form
a stop to the spindle D, for the
upper end of this sleeve is a hand where to be presently explained. Koyed to the
Interposed between the sleeve c³ and the collar d of the spindle, are antifriction
washers, and the same arrangement is provided between the collar and the spring d.
Keyed to the spindle D, intermediate of the bearings c, e¹, is a band pulley D³, for
imparting rotary motion to the spindle and its cutter disc.
Made fast to the headstock C, between the standards, is a vertical screw C³, which
projects through a cross head of the standards, to receive an adjusting nut for effecting
the rough adjustment of the cutter spindle.
By means of suitable gearing actuated by a hand wheel F, this nut is turned so as
to raise or lower the cutter spindle with its bearings as desired.
From the foregoing explanation, it will be readily understood, that when the cutters
are brought down to their work by turning the hand wheel F, a delicate adjustment
of them may be obtained by simply turning the screwed sleeve stop c³ in its bearing
by means of the band wheel C2. An endway motion downwards will thus be imparted
to the spindle D, against the upward pressure of the coiled spring d₁, the pressure of
which spring is adjusted by means of the hand wheel D, carried by the sleeve c².
By thus advancing the elastically supported cutter spindle to the position desired to
be maintained during the progress of the work, the defect hitherto experienced in
respect of rotary surfacing tools is avoided, and the production of good work
is ensured.
It will be obvious that in place of the wood surfacing cutter shown in the drawing,
a milling tool may be attached to the end of the spindle D, such as those used
for facing or grooving metals, and that by mounting in the same machine two
such cutters opposed to each other, surfaces truly parallel to each other may be
simultaneously formed on opposite sides of a piece of work fed past the cutters.
An incidental advantage pertaining to the use of my invention is, that the cutting
edges will retain their efficiency far longer than heretofore; the vibratory movement,
which is the chief source of injury to the cutters, being entirely removed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
Fitting the cutter spindles of surfacing and kindred machines with an-elastic

page_text: support or retracting device as described, and combining therewith an adjustable stop,
the action of which is opposed to the supporting or retracting device, as and for the
purpose above set forth.
TL: ani
CT
1000
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.