IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING. SPLITTING. AND BRUISING VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Francis Arding, of the Albert Iron Works,
Uxbridge, in the County of Middlesex, Agricultural Implement
Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR CUTTING. SPLITTING. AND BRUISING VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES
"
Sealed the 25th January 1854, and dated the 22nd November 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Francis Arding
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 22nd November 1853.
I, FRANCIS ARDING, of the Albert Iron Works, Uxbridge, in the
County of Middlesex, Agricultural Implement Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING, SPLITTING, AND BRUISING VEGETABLE SUB-
STANCES" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in improvements in machinery for the pur-
poses of cutting chaff and litter, for cutting or splitting beans or peas,
for cutting or bruising oats, barley, or other grain. For cutting chaft
and litter I propose to adopt a combination of concave and convex

page_text: knives upon the same wheel and in the same machine. For cutting or
splitting beans or peas I propose to have a cast iron or other metal
roller, grooved in a diagonal direction, working against a triangular or
other shaped blade or blades of steel or other metal, such roller being
for the purpose of forcing the beans or peas against the cutting blade
or blades, the mouth forming a species of plane. For cutting or
bruising oats, barley, or other grain, I propose to have a cast iron or
other metal roller, grooved in a diagonal direction, working against
several blades of steel or other metal, ground on the cutting edges and
screwed together. These improvements may either be combined in one
machine for the several purposes hercin-before enumerated, or any one
or more of the improvements may be used separately.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Francis Arding in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 22nd May 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
FRANCIS ARDING, of the Albert Iron Works, Uxbridge, in the County
of Middlesex, Agricultural Implement Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of November, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three,
in the seventeenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Ier heirs
and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Francis Arding,
Her special license that I, the said Francis Arding, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Francis
Arding, executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING, SPLITTING, AND BRUISING
VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,

page_text: the said Francis Arding, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Francis Arding, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that
is to say:
My said Invention relates to a peculiar construction of cutters
or rollers for effecting the splitting or bruising of beans, peas, oats,
barley, and other grain, and for the cutting of chaff and litter,
whereby the work is effected with less labor than in machines of
the above class at present in use, at the same time that a greater
amount of work may be effected in a given time. The improvements
in the cutters for cutting chaff or litter consist in the employment
of concave and convex knives attached to the same wheel and in
the same machine. For cutting or splitting beans or peas I propose
employing a cast iron or other metal roller, diagonally or otherwise
grooved, working against a triangular or other shaped blade or blades
of steel or other metal, such roller being for the purpose of forcing
the beans or peas against the cutting blade or blades, the edge or
edges of which forming a species of plane. For cutting or bruising
oats, barley, or other grain, I propose making use of a cast iron or
other metal roller, grooved in a diagonal or other direction, working
against several blades of steel or other metal, ground on the cutting
edges, and screwed or otherwise fastened together. These improve-
ments may either be combined in one machine for the several pur-
poses herein-before enumerated, or one or more of the improvements
may be used separately. Fig. 1, on the accompanying Sheet of Draw-
ings, represents a side elevation of a chaff cutting and grain bruising
machine combined. Fig. 2, is a corresponding side elevation of the

page_text: same. Fig. 3, is a general plan of the machine, with a portion of the
straw feeding trough broken away. Fig. 4, is a side elevation of the
cutters or knives, shewing their position on the fly wheel. Fig. 5, is a
detail, on an enlarged scale, of the grooved roller and cutters herein-
before mentioned, for bruising barley or oats; and Fig. 6, is an enlarged
detail of the grooved roller and cutter for splitting beans and peas. A is
the framing of the machine, which may be composed of wood or iron;
it supports the double hopper B, C, and main shaft D, which runs in
suitable bearings bolted to the top rail of the framing; this shaft carries
the fly wheel E, and bruising rollers herein-before mentioned; it has
keyed on to it a bevel pinion F, which gears on to the bevel wheel F¹,
and transmits a rotatory movement to the transverse shaft G, working
in bearings H, I. A spur pinion J is keyed on to the end of the shaft G,
and gears on to the spur wheel K, fast on the end of the shaft L, which
is connected with and actuates the bottom feeding roller in the mouth
of the trough M; the upper feeding roller is free to move vertically in
slots in the end of the trough, in the usual manner, to allow for vari-
ation in the thickness of the material to be cut. This roller is driven
by the intermediate shaft N, which receives its motion from the
shaft L, through the spur pinions 0. The cutters or knives P, P, are
concave and convex, as shewn in Fig. 4; they are all secured to the
same wheel, but their number and position may be varied therein; thus,
in place of 4 knives being employed, arranged in pairs, on each side
of the centre, 2 knives only may be used, one a concave cutter fitted to
one arm of the wheel, and the other a convex cutter attached to the
opposite arm. By this arrangement the chaff or litter will be cut from
both sides of the mass towards the centre in place of from one side
only, which latter mode has the effect of gradually compressing the
straw or other material to be cut into one corner, and rendering the
same at that part difficult to cut through.
The two rollers Q and R, for bruising and splitting oats and peas,
&c., are both keyed on to the shaft D, the hopper B being used for oats
and barley, and the division C for beans and peas. The grooved
roller Qis shewn in section at Fig. 5; a series of knives S, are bolted
or otherwise screwed together, and situated near the surface of the

page_text: bruising roller. It will thus be seen that as the grain falls between the
roller and the fixed cutters it will be effectually crushed or bruised
against the sharp edges of the cutters S. The same principle is also
applied for splitting beans and peas, as shewn in Fig. 6. The roller R
is grooved longitudinally, and the beans or peas are forced against the
inclined cutter T. The machine is actuated by a winch handle U, or
other convenient arrangement.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used
or carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that I do not con-
fine or restrict myself to the precise details or arrangements which I
have had occasion to describe or refer to, as many variations may be
made therefrom without deviating from the principles or main features
of my said Invention; but what I consider to be novel and original, and
therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in
part recited Letters Patent, is,
First, the application and use of combined concave and convex
cutters for cutting chaff and litter, as herein-before described.
Second, the application and use of a grooved roller in combination
with a knife edged cutter or cutters, for bruising or splitting oats and
peas, &c., as herein-before described.
Third, the application and use of any one or more of the above
arrangements, either separately or combined in one machine.
In witness whereof, I, the said Francis Arding, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Nineteenth day of May, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
FRANCIS ARDING.
(L.S.)