INVENTION OF MAKING OR MAKUFACTURING FROM CERTAIN MATERIALS CERTAIN COLOURS OR PAINTS OF A SUPERIOR QUALITY TO THE COLOURS OR PAINTS HITHERTO MADE FROM THE SAME MATERIALS
Year: 1794

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
ATKINSON, of Harrington, near Liverpool, in the County Palatine of Lancaster,
Colour Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Eighteenth day of June, in the thirty-fourth year of His reign,
did give and grant unto me, the said John Atkinson, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, His especial licence that I, the said John Atkinson,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed my "INVENTION OF MAKING OR
MAKUFACTURING FROM CERTAIN MATERIALS CERTAIN COLOURS OR PAINTS OF A SUPERIOR
QUALITY TO THE COLOURS OR PAINTS HITHERTO MADE FROM THE SAME MATERIALS;"
in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso obliging me, the
said John Atkinson, under my hand and scal, to cause a particular description
of the nature of my said Invention to be inrolled in His Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within one calendar month next and immediately after
the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as by the said recited Letters Patent,
relation being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Atkinson, in compliance with and
conformity to the said proviso, do hereby particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of my said Invention, as followeth,—
I do declare that the colours or paints of a superior quality to the colours
or paints hitherto made from the same materials, whereof I have invented
the making or manufacturing as before-mentioned, (and which materials are
herein-after mentioned and described) are respectively commonly called or

page_text: known by the names or descriptions of Venetian red, Spanish brown, colcothar
vitriol, chocolate purple brown or purple brown, blue purple or dark purple
brown, white or mineral white.
And first, with regard to the making or manufacturing of the said paint or
colour called Venetian red, I do declare, that the material of which the said
Venetian red paint or colour is made is the precipitated ochre or earth of iron,
otherwise called crocus martis, or saffron of Mars, and that the same must
be diluted with water in an iron or other boiler or furnace, and fire or heat
applied till the water and ochro boil, or attain a boiling heat, in which state
it parts with most of its farriginous mixtures, and after standing about five
minutes the heterogeneous particles will fall to the bottom of the boiler, and
the finer parts must be taken therefrom and conveyed into a pan or receiver,
or other vessel capable of bearing heat and fire, or heat must be urged or
applied till the whole is sufficiently dry, or the same may be dried by the
sun or wind. In that state it must be removed to a calcining furnace or
oven, commonly called a reverberatory furnace, whero, by the assistance of a
bright flame conveyed over the top of it for about eight hours, the colour is
changed from a yellow to a bright red colour, in which state it must be drawn
from the furnace or oven, and when cold must be ground by a mill or
machine, regard being had to the colour being duly mixed with water, after
which it must be conveyed from the mill or machine by a plug about twelve
inches from the bottom of the tub into spouts which carry it into five sieves,
from whence it must be received into cisterns or vessels, which communicate
one with another by spouts or otherewise, by which means the finer particlos
float into the further part of the cisterns. I make use of six cisterns in
number, but a greater or less number may be used; and in this state, after
standing about twenty-four hours, the water is to be drawn from the colour,
and then mixed with alabaster and chalk, both finely ground, after which it
must be dried. I use for that purpose a drying loft, made with Venetian
blinds, which admit of a current of air, and put the colour in earthen dishes
about ten inches wide, and four inches deep; the colour is then in the form
of a cake, in which state it is saleable, but when it is ordered in powder it
must be finely ground.
And, secondly, with regard to the making or manufacturing of the said
paint or colour called Spanish brown, I do declare that the heterogeneous
parts of the said precipitated ochre, earth of iron, material, or residuam from
the boiler, as described in the former process for the making of Venetian red,
must be taken to a reverberatory furnace, where it must be calcined with a
strong heat for about six hours, together with a native ochre, commonly

page_text: called yellow ochre, and at the end of that time its colour will be changed
from a yellow to a dark red colour, in which state it is to be taken from
the furnace, and when cold ground by a mill or machine, regard being lad
to the colour being duly mixed with water, after which it must be conveyed
from the mill or machine by a plug about twelve inches from the bottom. of
the tub into spouts which carry it into sieves, from whence it must be received
into cisterns or vessels which communicate one with another by spouts or
otherwise, as described in the process with respect to the making of the
Venetian red; and after the same has stood about twenty-four hours, the water
must be drawn from it, and the colour removed to a pan or receiver, or other
vessel made of bricks or other materials capable of bearing heat, and after
being dryed by fire or otherwise, must bo powdered for sale.
J
f
And, thirdly, with regard to the making or manufacturing of the said paint
or colour called colcothar vitriol, I do declare that the said precipitated ochre,
or earth of iron, or material, nuust be put into a calcining furnace, commonly
called a reverberatory furnace, and a very strong fire conveyed over the
top of it for about sixteen hours, when the same will be changed from a
yellow to a bright light purple, and in that state it must be drawn from the
furnace, and when cold must be ground by a mill or other machine, being
duly mixed with water, after which it must be conveyed from the mill or
machine by a plug into spouts, which remove it to sieves, and from thence
received into cisterns or vessels which communicate one with another, as
described in the former process; and after the same has stood about twenty-
four hours the water must be drawn from it, and the colour collected and
dried in the air or otherwise, after which it must be powdered for sale.
And, fourthly, with regard to the making or manufacturing of the said paint
or colour called chocolate purple brown or purple brown, I do declare that
the material from which the same is to be made is the slime of sulphurous
copper ore, and that the same is to be taken to a furnace, commonly called
a reverberatory furnace, and calcined for about eight hours, with a strong
fire conveyed over the top of it, at the end of which time the colour will be
changed from a dark lead colour to a dark chocolate colour, in which state it
must be drawn from the furnace, and when cold must be ground by a mill
or other machine, being duly mixed with water, after which it must be
conveyed from the mill or machine by a plug into spouts, which remove it
to sieves, and from thence received into cisterns which communicate one with
another as described in the former process; and after having stood about
twenty-four. hours the water is to be drawn from it, and the colour collected
and dried by fire or otherwise, and then powdered for sale.

page_text: And, fifthly, with regard to the making or manufacturing of the said paint
or colour called blue purple or dark purple brown, I do declare that the
same is to be made from the aforesaid slime of sulphurous copper ore, and
that the same must be calcined in a furnace, conimouly called a reverberatory
furnace, for about six hours, and when cold conveyed to a mill or machine
with a stone on edge, where it must be powdered, after which it must bo
brought back to the furnace, and exposed a second time for about sixteen
hours to a strong fire, conveyed over the top of the colour, at the end of
which time the colour will be changed to a bright blue purple colour, or by
some called dark purple brown, in which state it must be drawn from the
furnace, and whon cold, ground and conveyed and received into cisterns or
vessels, in like manner as is herein-before mentioned; and after having stood
about twenty-four hours the water must be drawn from it, and the colour
collected and dried by fire or otherwise, and powdered for sale.
And lastly, with regard to the making or manufacturing of the said paint
or colour called white mineral white, and which is to be made from a
certain material called the ore of blind black Jack, or lapis calimiuaris, and
that the same must be first calcined, after which it must be powdered and
mixed with about an eighth part of its woight of powdered charcoal; the
whole is then to bo put into a jar or pot, with a pipe in the bottom
communicating with a reservoir situated below the bottom of the furnace.
The jar or pot, with its contents, are to be placed in a furnace similar to a
glass-house furnace, the jar and reservoir being first duly luted; after which
the whole must be exposed to a very strong fire for about five hours, in which
time the metallic part of the ore or zinc will be collected in the reservoir.
The line is to bo immersed in vinegar, and exposed to a gentle heat for
about twelve days, at the end of which time it will be dissolved, and a white
powder will fall down to the bottom, which must be collected and dried,
after which the same must be mixed with about a tenth part of its weight of
sulpher, and sublimed, after which it is to be ground and conveyed and
received into cisterns or vessels which communicate one with another, in like
manner in all respects as described in the former process; and after having
stood about twenty-four hours the water must be drawn from it, and the
colour collected and dried, and then powdered for sale.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Atkinson, lave hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Tenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand seven hundred and ninety-four.
JOHN ATKINSON. (L.s.)

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Tenth day of July, in the
year above mentioned, the aforesaid John Atkinson came before our Lord
the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid, and
all and every thing therein contained, in form above written. And also the
5 Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute in
that case made and provided.