IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AXLETREE BOXES FOR CARRIAGES, AND OF THE BEARINGS OF THE: AXLES OF RAILWAYS, AND IN THE MAKING OF AN ALLOY OF METAL SUITABLE FOR: SUCH AND THE LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1849

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, Baron
JAMES ULRIC VAUCHER DE STRUBING, of Margaret Street, Cavendish Square,
in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Royal
Letters Patent, under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Third day of December (One
thousand eight hundred and forty-nine), in the thirteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said.
Baron James Ulric Vaucher de Strubing, my exors, adñors, and assigns, Her
especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Baron
James Ulric Vaucher de Strubing, my exors, admors, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Baron James Ulric Vaucher de Strubing, my exors,
admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and
the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF AXLETREE BOXES FOR CARRIAGES, AND OF THE BEARINGS OF THE:
AXLES OF RAILWAYS, AND IN THE MAKING OF AN ALLOY OF METAL SUITABLE FOR:
SUCH AND THE LIKE PURPOSES;" in which said Letters Patent, is contained a
proviso, that I, the said Baron James Ulric Vaucher de Strubing, shall cause
a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my

page_text: hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had,
will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said 5
Baron James Ulric Vaucher de Strubing, do hereby declare that the nature of
my said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed,
are fully described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,
reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures
and letters marked thereon, that is to say:-
My Invention consists, first, of improvements in the manufacture of axletree
boxes for carriages.
Secondly, my Invention consists of improvements in the manufacture of
bearings of the axles of railways.
And, thirdly, my Invention consists of an alloy of metal suitable for such 1
and the like purposes.
And in order that my Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me:-
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
1
Figure 1 shows a section, and Figure 2 a plan of an axletree box lined
with a soft alloy of metal. And these improvements consist of the means of
forming a lining by pouring in proper soft metal, which will fill the space
between the axletree and the box, and such soft metal lining will be retained
fixed to the interior of the box by the soft metal filling the openings in the
interior of the box. a, a, is the box; b is the axle on which the box is to
turn. In making the lining c, c, of soft metal, the melted metal is to be
poured in at any of the holes d, d, the end at e being closed by a metal plate,
or otherwise, to prevent the fluid metal escaping in that direction. And in
order to obtain a groove or recess for containing oil within the box, I wrap &
fillet or ribbon of any thin fabric tightly round the axletree, as shown at f,f, s
which will prevent the box being lined at that part.
I would, however, state that similar recesses have before been made in
axletree boxes, I therefore make no claim thereto, this part of my Invention
being simply for the mode of making and retaining suitable soft metal linings
within, the boxes, as explained.
I will now describe the second part of my Invention which relates to the
making of bearings of railway axles :-Figure 3 shows a bearing of a railway
axle, the interior of which and the ends consists of soft metal which is cast on
9

page_text: to a shell, shewn in Figure 4. This shell is considerably less in its dimensions
than the actual bearing of the soft metal cast thereon constituting the bearing.
The shell a is formed with dovetail notches at a¹, a', as shewn, into which the
soft metal runs, and by which the soft metal and the shell are combined
strongly together. In casting bearings according to this part of my Invention,
I employ metal moulds such as are shewn by the Drawing, one part of the
mould being suitable for receiving the shell a, and the other part of the mould
being suitable for producing the interior of the bearing (of soft metal) to
correspond with the axle which is to run therein, and at the same time leave
a space between the parts of the mould and shell a to admit of the soft metal
bearing being formed on to the shell. This will readily be understood by
reference to the several parts of the mould shewn by the Drawing, and as the
nature of each view of the Drawing is written thereon, it will not be necessary
to repeat the same here. The mould before casting therein is to be heated to
about six or seven hundred degrees of Fahrenheit, and such is also to be the
case in respect to the shell, and in order to prevent the cast metal adhering
to the mould, the interior surfaces are to be smoked. The melted metal is to
be poured into the mould by the "jet" or opening at a, and in order to cut
off the metal which fills the "jet," a knife y is employed which passes through
an opening z of the moulds, there being a filling piece 2¹ introduced into the
opening when the metal is being run in at the "get." By this arrangement
of moulds and shells, railway axle bearings may be made with great facility,
and when they have been subject to wear, the same shells will be capable of
use again and again by recasting the soft metal bearings.
I will now describe the third part of my Invention, which consists in making
an alloy of metal suitable for the above and like purposes. I prepare it with
zinc, tin, lead, and antimony in the following proportions:-Seventy-five equal
parts of zinc, eighteen of tin, four and a half of lead, and two and a half of
antimony. The zine is to be melted into a crucible large enough for adding
to it when in fusion the other metals, the tin and lead, the antimony requiring
a higher degree of heat to melt it. I consider it more convenient to have it
melted into a separate small crucible and poured into the mixture of zinc, tin,
and lead when they are in a state of fusion. I do not confine myself to the
exact proportions, but those given will, I believe, be found the best for the
purpose.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I would have it understood that I do not
confine myself to the details herein described, so long as the peculiar character
of any part of my Invention be retained; but what I claim is,-

page_text: First, the manufacture of axletree boxes, as herein explained.
Secondly, I claim the manufacture of bearings of railway axles, herein
described.
And, thirdly, I claim the manufacture of an alloy of metals, herein described,
for axletree boxes, the bearings of railway axles and like purposes.
In witness whereof, I, the said Baron James Ulric Vaucher de Strubing,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this First day of June, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty.