Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Apr., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 10th Jan., 1890-Accepted, 29th Mar., 1890
Figure 5 is a similar section on line y-y of figure 5.
In carrying out the invention the vessel 10 is constructed of iron or other suitable
material, and provided with an elliptical body 11, having a conical bow 12 and
straight stern 13. The vessel is centrally and longitudinally divided by a horizontal
partition 14, extending from stem to stern, whereby two compartments 15 and 16
are obtained.
The compartment 15, represents the gas or air chamber whereby it is purposed to
establish an equipoise between the vessel and the element intended to be navigated,
for instance, the water. The said chamber 15 constitutes about one-half the body
of the vessel, and is provided with suitable egress and ingress apertures for the
purpose of replenishing or emptying the chamber of its buoyant contents.
The lower chamber 16 is purposed to be allotted to passengers and machinery,
and is preferably provided with a suitable floor 17. At or about the center of the
buoyant chamber 15, a casing 18, preferably cylindrical in contour, is projected
downward from the upper face of the vessel through the partition 14 into the lower
chamber 16. The upper and lower ends of the casing 18 are open and at or near
the top a horizontal floor 19 is constructed, provided with an aperture or opening
adapted to receive one end of a ladder or equivalent device, the other end whereof
rests upon the floor of the lower chamber 16.
The upper open end of the casing 18 is closed through the medium of a preferably
cylindrical glass or other transparent cover 20, which cover is secured to the outer
side of the vessel in any approved manner.
By reason of the cover 20 and the floor 19 a chamber 21 is obtained adapted for
the use of the pilot, and the cover 20 is of sufficient size to admit of the pilot's
head and shoulders, for instance, extending above the plane of the vessel at the top,
whereby the said pilot may conveniently and effectively take observations upon all
sides and thereby properly steer the vessel or give orders for so doing.
The body of the vessel is surrounded by a rectangular flange 22, which flange is
rigidly secured to the outer side of the said body, at or about the center, in such
manner as to project outward at right angles to the body, as best illustrated in
figure 1. The forward end of the flange 22, which extends across the bow of the

page_text: body, is provided with a series of spaced knuckles 24, formed integral with the
horizontal rudder 25, which rudder is of like width to the flange 22 at the bow and
stern.
The hinged connection of the horizontal rudder with the flange 22 is effected by
the passage of a stout bar 26, through the abutting knuckles 23 and 24, as best
shown in figure 1. The ends of the bar 26 forming the pintle of the hinge project
beyond the outer end of the flange 22 and upon said extremity of the hinge pintle 26
an essentially U-shaped lever 27, which consists of bar of metal bent to the
U-shape, is rigidly attached longitudinally to the horizontal rudder 25, preferably
upon the outer surface at or near the center, and the members of said lever extend
in direction of the stern, a distance from the outer sides of the flange 22, parallel
therewith. The horizontal rudder 25 may be manipulated in various ways and
although I have illustrated one means of manipulating the said rudder, I do not
confine myself thereto.
The means whereby the rudder 25 is raised and lowered as illustrated in the
drawings consists of ropes or chains 28, attached to the rear ends of the lever 27,
which ropes or chains extend respectively upward and downward over pulleys 29
attached to the side of the body above and below the center, the upper rope passing
over a similar pulley 30, secured horizontally to the inner wall of the air chamber
and passing through the partition 14 to a connection with a drum 31, located in
the lower chamber 16; the lower rope is passed from the outer pulley 29 in through
the wall of the vessel, directly in the chamber 16 and is also attached to the aforesaid
drum 31.
Two sets of rope are thus employed for each member of the U-shaped lever 27,
and two drums 31 are provided, one drum for the ropes entering at each side of the
vessel, as best illustrated in figure 4.
In the rear portion of the flange 22, which is rectangular, a transverse slot or
opening 32 is produced extending across and parallel with the stern of the vessel;
and to the bottom of the vessel, at the center, a horizontal brace-bar 33 is secured,
in the outer end of which brace-bar and in the flange 22 at a point immediately
above the said brace-bar the rudder post 34 of a vertical rudder 35 is journalled as
best illustrated in figure 2, the space between the rudder post and stern of the vessel
being adapted for the reception of a suitable propeller 36.
The vertical rudder 35 is manipulated through the medium of a rope or chain 37,
attached at the top near the outer edge, one rope or chain upon each side, tho said
rope or chain extending parallel with the under surface of the flange and over
grooved pulleys 38 journalled to the rear of the flange and similar pulleys 39
located near the bow portion of the flange, from which pulleys the several ropes or
chains 37 are projected through the side of the vessel into the lower chamber 16 to
an engagement with a drum 40 as best illustrated in figures 1 and 3.
The propeller 36 is attached to one end of a horizontal shaft 41, which shaft is
provided with a collar 42 located adjacent to the stern, whereby the thrust of the
shaft in that direction is limited and the forward end of the said shaft 41 is journalled
in a standard 43 secured to the lower floor of the chamber 16, in which chamber
the shaft is adapted to revolve.
The standard 43 is preferably curved in the direction of the stern, in order that
greater strength may be obtained and a better support effected for the inner end
of the shaft.
The shaft 41 is provided with a series of spirally arranged grooves 44 and 45,
which grooves extend from end to end of the shaft in opposite directions, crossing
each other as best shown in figure 3. Upon the shaft 41 a sleeve 46 is adapted
to reciprocate in the ends of which sleeve heads 47 are screwed or otherwise
secured provided with a series of teeth 48 upon their inner or contiguous faces.
Between the toothed heads 47, two rings 49 and 50 are loosely held, the approaching
faces of which rings are smooth and the outer edges, contiguous to the heads 47, are
toothed, the teeth of the rings being adapted to mesh with the teeth of the heads and
form a clutch.

page_text: Each ring 49 and 50 is provided with an interior spiral lug or rib 51, the lug or
rib of one ring being purposed to enter and travel in the shaft groove 41 and the lug
or rib of the other ring in shaft groove 45.
The sleeve 46 is reciprocated from preferably two cylinders 52 located at each side
of the shaft, the pistons 53 of which cylinders are connected to opposite sides
of the sleeve as best shown in figure 5, and the said pistons are guided in their
movements by channels or ways 54, formed upon the inner side of the vessel, within
the chamber 16.
It will thus be observed that as the sleeve 46 is carried in direction of the stern, the
rib of the ring 49 which engages with the groove 45 will mesh with the forward head
of the sleeve and the shaft be turned in one direction. Upon the back stroke of the
cylinder the opposite ring will engage with the opposite head, causing the rib of the
ring 50 to engage with the groove 44, whereby the said shaft will continue to revolve
in the same direction.
It will be observed from the construction of the vessel, that by reason of the
horizontal rudder, the course of the ship may be directed upward or downward as
desired, and that by reason of the vertical rudder it may be guided laterally or in the
usual manner.
It will be further observed that the mechanism of the vessel and the machinery
employed are both simple, durable and economical. I desire it to be distinctly
understood that I do not confine myself to steam as a motive power to drive the
sleeve 46 upon the shaft 41, as other motive power may be employed; and I further
desire it to be understood that I do not limit myself to the means shown and described
for manipulating the horizontal and vertical rudders, as other suitable and equivalent
means may be employed; and the rope or chain by which the rudders are manipulated
may be made to lead directly in the pilot room or chamber 21, if it be found desirable.
The passenger entrance will be through the top.
Dated this 12th day of April 1889.
FRANCIS WRIGHT POOL.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Submarine and Aerial Vessel.
I, FRANCIS WRIGHT POOL, of 57 East Tenth Street, St. Paul in the County of
Ramsey, and State of Minnesota United States of America, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention relates to an improvement in submarine and aerial vessels and has
for its object to construct the same in a simple economical and durable manner and
provide a means whereby the ship or vessel may be steered vertically as well as
horizontally; and the further object of the invention is to provide a means whereby
the propeller utilized in the propelling of the ship or vessel may be rapidly revolved
with a minimum degree of friction upon the shaft and through the medium of light
and simple machinery.
The invention consists in the construction and combination of the several parts as
will be hereinafter fully set forth and pointed out in the claims.
Reference is to be had to the drawings which accompanied the Provisional
Specification of this my application.
Fig. 1 is a plan view.
Fig. 2 is a side elevation.
Fig. 3 is a central vertical longitudinal section.
Fig. 4 is a transverse section on the line x-x of Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a similar section on the line y-y of Fig. 3.
In carrying out the invention the vessel 10 is constructed of steel or other suitable
material and provided with an elliptical body 11 having a conical bow 12 and straight

page_text: or conical stern 13. The vessel is centrally and longitudinally divided by the
horizontal partition 14, extending from stem to stern, whereby two compartiments 15
and 16 are obtained.
The compartment 15 represents the gas or air chamber whereby it is purposed to
establish an equipoise between the vessel and the element intended to be navigated,
for instance, the water. The said chamber 15 constitutes about one-half the body of
the vessel and is provided with suitable egress and ingress apertures for the purpose
of replenishing or emptying the chamber of its buoyant contents.
The lower chamber 16 is purposed to be allotted to passengers and machinery and
is preferably provided with a suitable floor 17. At or about the centre of the buoyant
chamber 15, à casing 16, preferably cylindrical in contour is projected downward from
the upper face of the vessel through the partition 14 into the lower chauber 16. The
upper and lower ends of the casing 18, are open and at or near the top, a horizontal
floor 19, is constructed provided with an aperture or opening adapted to receive one
end of a ladder or equivalent device, the other end whereof rests upon the floor of the
lower chamber 16.
The upper open end of the casing 18, is closed, through the medium of a preferably
cylindrical glass or other transparent cover 20, which cover is secured to the outer
side of the vessel in any approved manner.
By reason of the cover 20 and the floor 19 a chamber 21, is obtained adapted for
the use of the pilot and the cover 20 is of sufficient size to admit of the pilot's head and
shoulders, for instance, extending above the plane of the vessel at the top, whereby
the said pilot may conveniently and effectively take observations upon all sides and
thereby properly steer the vessel or give orders for so doing.
The body of the vessel is surrounded by the rectangular flange 22, which flange is
rigidly secured to the outer side of the said body, at or about the centre, in such
manner as to project outward at right angles to the body as best iliustrated in
Figure 1. The forward end of the flange 22 which extends across the bow of the
body is provided with a series of spaced knuckles 23 adapted to engage with a series
of similar knuckles 24 formed integral with the horizontal rudder 25, which rudder is
of like width to the flange 22 at the bow and stern.
The hinged connection of the horizontal rudder with the flange 22 is effected by
the passage of a stout bar 26, through the abutting knuckles 23 and 24, as best
shown in Fig. 1. The ends of the bar 26 forming the pintles of the hinge project
beyond the outer end of the flange 22 and upon said extremities of the binged pintle 26
an essentially U-shaped lever 27 is fulcrumed. The body of the U-shaped lever 27
which consists of a bar of metal bent to the U-shape is rigidly attached longitudinally
to the horizontal rudder 25, preferably upon the outer surface, at or near the centre,
and the members of said lever extend in direction of the stern a distance from the
outer sides of the flange 22, parallel therewith. The horizontal rudder 25 may be
manipulated in various ways, and although I have illustrated one means of mani-
pulating the rudder I do not confine myself thereto.
The means whereby the rudder 25 is raised and lowered consists of ropes or chains 28
attached to the rear ends of the lever 27, which ropes or chains extend respectively
upward and downward over pulleys 29, attached to the side of the body above and
below the centre, the upper rope passing over a similar pulley 30, secured horizontally
to the inner wall of the air chamber, and passing through the partition 14, to a
connection with a drum 31 located in the lower chamber 16; the lower rope is passed
from the outer pulley 29, in through the wall of the vessel directly in the chamber 16
and is also attached to the aforesaid drum 31.
Two sets of rope are thus employed for each member of the U-shaped lever 27, and
two drums 31 are provided, one drum for the ropes entering at each side of the vessel,
as best illustrated in Fig. 4.
In the rear portion of the flange 22, which is rectangular a transverse slot or
opening 32 is produced, extending across and parallel with the stern of the vessel, and
to the bottom of the vessel at the centre, a horizontal brace bar 33 is secured in the
outer end of which and in the flange 22 at a point immediately above said brace

page_text: bar, the rudder post 34 of a vertical rudder 35, is journalled as best illustrated in
Fig. 2, the space between the rudder post and the stern of the vessel being adapted
for the reception of a suitable propeller 36.
The vertical rudder 35 is manipulated through the medium of a rope or chain 37,
attached at the top, near the outer edge, one rope or chain upon each side, the said
rope or chain extending parallel with the under surface of the flange and over
grooved pulleys 38 journalled to the rear of the frames and similar pulleys 39 located
near the bow portion of the flange, from which pulleys the several ropes or chains 37
are projected through the side of the vessel into the lower chamber 16 to an engage-
ment with the drum 40, as best illustrated in Figs. 1 and 3.
The propeller 36 is attached to one end of a horizontal shaft 41, which shaft is
provided with a collar 42 located adjacent to the stern, whereby the thrust of the shaft
in that direction is limited and the forward end of the said shaft 41, is journalled in a
standard 43 secured to the floor of the chamber 16 in which chamber the shaft is
adapted to revolve. The standard 43 is preferably curved in the direction of the
stern in order that greater strength may be obtained and a better support effected for
the inner end of the shaft.
The shaft 41 is provided with a series of spirally arranged grooves 44 and 45 which
extend from end to end of the shaft in opposite directions, crossing each other as best
shown in Fig. 3. Upon the shaft 41 a sleeve 46 is adapted to reciprocate in the ends of
which sleeve, heads 47 are screwed or otherwise secured, provided with a series of
teeth 48 upon their inner or contiguous faces. Between the toothed heads 47, two
rings 49 and 50 are loosely held, the approaching faces of which rings are smooth and
the outer edges contiguous to the heads 47 are toothed, the teeth of the rings being
adapted to mesh with the teeth of the heads and form a clutch. Each ring 49 and 50
is provided with an interior spiral lug or rib 51, the lug or rib of one ring being
purposed to enter and travel in the shaft groove 44 and the lug or rib of the other
ring in the shaft groove 45. The sleeve 46 is reciprocated from preferably two
cylinders 52, located at cach side of the shaft, the pistons 53 of which cylinders are
connected to opposite sides of the sleeve, as best shown in Fig. 5, and the said pistons
are guided in their movements by channels or ways 54, formed upon the inner side of
the vessel within the chamber 16.
It will thus be observed that as the sleeve 46 is carried in direction of the stern,
the rib of the ring 49 which engages with the groove 45 will mesh with the forward
head of the sleeve and the shaft be turned in one direction. Upon the back stroke of
the cylinder, the opposite ring will engage with the opposite head, causing the rib of
the ring 50 to engage with the groove 44 whereby the said shaft will continue to
revolve in the same direction.
It will be observed from the construction of the vessel, that by reason of the
horizontal rudder the course of the ship may be directed upward or downward, as
desired, and that by reason of the vertical rudder it may be guided laterally or in the
usual manner.
It will be further observed that the mechanism of the vessel and the machinery
employed are simple, durable and economical. 1 desire it to be distinctly understood
that I do not confine myself to steam as a motive power to drive the sleeve 46 upon
the shaft 41, as other motive power may be employed; and I further desire it to be
understood that I do not limit myself to the means shown and described for mani-
pulating the horizontal and vertical rudders, as other suitable and equivalent means
may be employed; and the rope or chain by which the rudders are manipulated may
be made to lead directly in the pilot room or chamber 21 if it be found desirable. The
passenger entrance will be through the top.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. In a submarine and aerial vessel the combination with an essentially elliptical

page_text: hull, centrally divided into two compartments-a passenger and an air or gas com-
partment, a vertical casing extending from the top of the hull through the upper
compartment into the lower compartment and a transparent cap covering the outer
extremity of said casing, of a horizontal flange surrounding the hull, a vertical
rudder pivoted in said flange at the rear, and a horizontal rudder hinged to the forward
end of the flange, substantially as shown and described.
2. In a submarine and aerial vessel, the combination with an essentially elliptical
hull, provided with a conical bow and straight or conical stern, a partition centrally
and longitudinally dividing the hull into two chambers, a vertical casing extending
centrally through the upper chamber into the lower chamber, a horizontal apertured
partition dividing said casing, and a transparent cylindrical covering fitted to the
outer end of the said casing, of a horizontal flange surrounding the hull, at or near
the centre, a vertical rudder pivoted in said flange at the rear, a horizontal rudder
hinged to the forward end of said flange, and means, substantially as shown and
described, for manipulating the said rudders, as set forth.
3. In a submarine and aerial vessel, the combination with an essentially elliptical
hull having a conical bow and straight or conical stern, a partition dividing the hull
centrally and longitudinally into two compartments, a casing projected vertically
downward from the top of the hull into the lower compartment, an apertured partition
horizontally dividing the said casing and a transparent circular covering surrounding
the upper end of the casing, whereby an out-look is provided, of a horizontal flange
attached to and surrounding the hull at the centre, a vertical rudder pivoted in the
rear of said flange, a horizontal rudder hinged to the forward end of the flange, a
U-shaped lever secured to the said horizontal rudder, a rope or chain leading from
said lever within the hull and from the vertical rudder also into the hull, and means
substantially as shown and described, for manipulating the said chain or rope, sub-
stantially as and for the purpose specified.
4. In a submarine and aerial vessel, the combination with a hull, a shaft hori-
zontally supported in the same, provided with two spirally arranged grooves extending
from end to end in opposite directions and a propeller secured to the outer end of said
shaft, of a sleeve provided with fixed heads having teeth upon the inner surface, loose
rings within said sleeve provided with teeth upon the faces contiguous to the heads of
said sleeve, a rib projecting from the inner surface of the rings engaging the grooves
in the shaft, and means for reciprocating the said sleeve, substantially as shown
and described.
5. In a submarine and aerial vessel, the combination with a hull, a shaft hori-
zontally supported in said hull projecting through the stern, having spirally arranged
grooves produced upon the outer surface extending from end to end in opposite
directions and a propeller attached to the outer end of the said shaft, of a sleeve
mounted upon the shaft having fixed heads, and teeth upon the inner face of the heads,
loose rings within the sleeve having teeth upon their outer edge, lugs produced upon
the inner surface of the rings engaging the several grooves of the shaft, cylinders
located adjacent to said sleeves, and piston rods reciprocating in said cylinders and
attached to the outer surface of the said sleeve, substantially as and for the purpose
specified.
6. In a submarine and aerial vessel, the combination with a hull divided longitu-
dinally into an upper air or gas chamber and a lower passenger or machinery
chamber, a shaft horizontally supported in the lower chamber having one end projected
through the stern provided with spirally arranged circumferential grooves extending
in opposite directions from end to end, of a sleeve mounted upon said shaft having
fixed heads, teeth integral with the inner faces of the heads, two loose rings within
the sleeve having teeth contiguous with the said heads, projections upon the inner
surface of the rings engaging with the grooves of the shaft, and means substantially as
shown and described for reciprocating the said sleeve and rings upon the said shaft,
as and for the purpose specified.
7. In a submarine and aerial vessel, the combination with a hull provided with

page_text: a central partition dividing the same into an upper and lower compartment, a
vertical cylinder extending from the top of the hull into the lower compartment, a
circular transparent covering fitted to the upper end of the said cylinder, a hori-
zontal flange surrounding the hull at or about the centre, a vertical rudder pivoted
to the rear of the said flange, a horizontal rudder hinged to the forward end of
the flange, and means, substantially as shown and described, for manipulating said
rudder, of a horizontal shaft located in the lower compartment of the hull provided
with spirally arranged grooves extending from end to end in opposite directions, a
propeller secured to the outer end of the said shaft, a sleeve mounted to slide upon the
said shaft having fixed heads and teeth upon the inner surface of said heads, two loose
rings within the sleeves having teeth produced upon the surface contiguous to the heads,
projections formed upon the inner surface of the rings adapted to engage the grooves
of the shaft and means, substantially as shown and described, for reciprocating the
said sleeve, as and for the purpose specified.
Dated this 10th day of Januo 1800
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.