Improvements in Freezing Machines.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Dec., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 2nd June, 1892-Accepted, 3rd Sent., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Freezing Machines.
I, THOMAS ERNEST HALFORD of 33 Priory Road Bedford Park Chiswick in
the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to that class of apparatus for making ice cream and the
like in which the freezing substance or mixture is contained in a drum revolving
in contact with the liquid to be frozen, and the object of this invention is to increase
the freezing surface without increasing the size of the drum.
Now according to my invention, I provide a drum or cylinder to contain the
freezing mixture or substance preferably crushed ice and salt (NaCl) in the usual
proportions, which drum or cylinder may be made of zinc or any other suitable
material, suitably lagged at the ends with some non-conducting material such as
wood, or the ends themselves may be of non-conducting material, and in order to
increase the freezing surface of the periphery, I corrugate the same.
The lower side of the drum dips into a corrugated dish curved to allow the drum
to rotate therein without touching, and the sides of which dish slope inwards
towards the bottom, to allow the liquid therein to drain to the lowest point and
avoid waste.
I prefer to feed the liquid to be frozen on to the drum by means of a suitable
receptacle projecting into the casing of the machine, and provided with a means of
delivering a small quantity thereof-continuously on the periphery of the drum in a
thin sheet.
I provide also a scraper shaped to fit the corrugations of the drum to remove
the frozen liquid therefrom. The whole is enclosed in a casing of wood or suitable
non-conducting material, and the drum revolved by a handle or other suitable
means, and the speed of the drum relatively to the handle may be reduced by
gearing.
This invention is also applicable to centrifugal freezing machines.
T. E. HALFORD.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Freezing Machines.
I THOMAS ERNEST HALFORD of 33 Priory Road Bedford Park Chiswick in
the County of Middlesex Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to that class of apparatus for making ice cream and the
like in which the freezing mixture is contained in a drum revolving in contact
with the liquid to be frozen and the object of this invention is to increase the
freezing surface without increasing the size of the drum.
Now according to my invention I provide a drum or cylinder to contain the
freezing mixture or substance preferably crushed ice and salt (NaCl) in the usual
proportions which drum or cylinder may be made of zinc or other suitable material
suitably lagged at the ends with some non-conducting material such as wood or the
ends themselves may be of non-conducting material and in order to increase the
freezing surface of the periphery I corrugate the same.

page_text: The lower side of the drum dips into a corrugated dish curved to allow the drum
to rotate therein without touching and the sides of which dish slope inwards
towards the bottom to allow the liquid therein to drain to the lowest point and
avoid waste.
I provide also a scraper shaped to fit the corrugations of the drum to remove
the frozen liquid therefrom.
The whole is enclosed in a casing of wood or suitable non-conducting material
and the drum caused te rotate by a handle or other suitable means and the
speed of the drum relatively to that of the handle may be reduced by gearing.
And in order that my said invention may be the better understood I will proceed
to explain the same with reference to the accompanying sheets of drawings in
which:-
Fig. 1 represents a sectional elevation of a machine for freezing cream and other
liquids constructed according to my invention.
Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation of the same machine on the line A B Fig. 1.
The same letters denote the same parts in all the figures.
a is the drum or cylinder of zinc or other suitable material in which is placed a
freezing mixture or substance preferably crushed ice and common salt (sodic chloride)
the periphery of the drum is corrugated to increase the freezing surface thereof as
shewn at the sides of the drum a are lagged with non-conducting material c
or the sides themselves may be of non-conducting material and the periphery
only of metal. As is well known if sodic chloride (NaCl) is mixed with ice
the latter will melt the resulting liquid brine being much colder than the ice
itself viz. about zero Fah. and to utilize as far as possible the cooling qualities
of the brine I attach to the periphery of the drum a series of buckets d to pick up
the brine and retain it in contact with the freezing surface for as long a time as
possible. The freezing mixture or substance is placed in the drum through the
orifice e which is closed by the cover or lid secured to the drum by the screws
and wing nuts shewn an indiarubber or other suitable packing ring being inserted
between the cover and the drum to make a watertight joint. The axle of the
drum a is in two parts g and whereof y is attached to or formed integral with the
cover the portion is secured to the opposite side of the drun and has keyed or
otherwise attached to it the wheel into which gears the pinion j attached to the
winch handle the handle and pinion turning on the stud lm is a corrugated dish
to contain the liquid to be frozen this dish is suitably curved to allow the drum to
revolve just clear of the bottom thereof the sides also are made to slope inwards
towards the bottom to avoid waste of the liquid therein n is a scraper shaped to fit the
corrugations of the drum to remove the frozen liquid therefrom the scraper may
be pressed against the surface of the drum by a spring or springs.
In conclusion I would remark that I am aware that freezing machines have
hitherto been constructed with a revolving drum containing a refrigerant dipping
into a trough of liquid to be frozen and a scraper to remove the frozen liquid
therefrom. I do not therefore claim the combination of a cylinder dish and scraper
as a new invention neither do I limit myself to the precise details shewn on the
accompanying drawings but
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
I. In a freezing machine the drum with the periphery thereof corrugated
substantially as and for the purpose stated.
II. In a freezing machine the corrugated dish having inwardly sloping sides and
a curved bottom substantially as described for the purpose stated.
III. In a freezing machine the combination of a drum having its periphery
corrugated with a receptacle having a corrugated curved bottom and inwardly
sloping sides and a scraper shaped to fit the corrugations of the drum all substan-
tially as described for the purpose stated.

page_text: IV. The improvements in freezing machines substantially as described and
shewn.
Dated this 2nd day of June 1892.
ERNEST SALAMAN,
61 & 62, Chancery Lane, London, Agent for Applicant.