Improvements in Continuous or Running Kilns for the Calcination of Cement.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 6th May, 1891
Complete Specification Left, 3rd Feb., 1892-Accepted, 6th May, 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Continuous or Running Kilns for the Calcination
of Cement.
--
I, HENRY FAIJA of No. 2 Great Queen Street, in the City of Westminster,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
My invention has reference to a construction of continuous or running kiln
adapted to utilize the waste products of combustion for drying the slip, slurry or
compo previous to the feeding of the same into the calcining chamber or chambers.
For this purpose the drying chambers or floors (as the case may be) are arranged
at or towards the top of the kiln and the products of combustion are caused to pass
either through the chambers or through properly arranged flues under the floors
and thence to a chimney or shaft. Two or more chambers or flues are arranged in
connection with each kiln with proper dampers so that the products of combustion
may be excluded' as desired from one or more of them, thereby enabling the work-
men to work on the floors or in the chambers and to load the dried slip, slurry or
compo into the kiln. By thus alternating the passage of the products of combus-
tion through the different chambers or flues, the process of drying the slip,
slurry or compo, and the feeding of it into the kiln may be carried on
continuously.
As will be evident my invention may be carried out in various forms and
continuous or running kilns with drying floors or chambers according thereto may
be adapted for using either solid, liquid or gaseous fuel or the fuel may be entirely
mixed or only part of it may be mixed into the slip, slurry or compo previously
to its being fed into the kiln for calcination. These several processes are well
understood.
1
c
1001
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Continuous or Running Kilns for the Calcination
of Cement.
I, HENRY FAIJA of No. 2 Great Queen Street, in the City of Westminster,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My invention has reference to a construction of continuous or running kiln
adapted to utilize the waste products of combustion for drying the slip, slurry or
compo previous to the feeding of the same into the calcining chamber or chambers.
For this purpose the drying chambers or floors (as the case may be) are arranged
at or towards the top of the kiln and the products of combustion are caused to
pass either through the chambers or through properly arranged flues under the
floors and thence to a chimney or shaft. Two or more chambers or flues or sets
of flues are arranged in connection with each kiln, with proper dampers so that
the products of combustion may be excluded as desired from one or more of the
flues or set of flues thereby enabling the workmen to work on the floors, or in
the chambers, and to load the dried slip slurry or compo into the kiln. By thus
alternating the passage of the products of combustion through the different

page_text: chambers or flues, the process of drying the slip, slurry or compo, and the feeding
of it into the kiln, may be carried on continuously.
As will be evident my invention may be carried out in various forms, and
continuous or running kilns with drying floors or chambers according thereto may
be adapted for using either solid, liquid, or gaseous fuel, or the whole or a part of
the fuel may be mixed into the slip, slurry or compo previously to its being
fed into the kiln for calcination. These several modes of using the fuel are well
understood.
In the accompanying drawings (wherein the same letters of reference, so far as
they are used in different views, are there applied to like parts in each case),
Figure 1 shews, in central vertical section, a kiln with flues and drying floor
according to my invention suitable for use when the material to be dried is in the
form of slip or slurry.
Figure 2 shews the same in horizontal section on the line Y. Z. Fig. 1.
Figs. 3 and 4 are sections, illustrating two modifications suitable for use when the
compo previous to being dried, is made into bricks or lumps.
Figure 5 illustrates, also a section, a modification in which the products of com-
bustion pass direct from the calcining zone or chamber into the slip slurry or compo
drying chamber.
Referring to Figs. 1, and 2,-A is the outer wall of the kiln, A' A' are the fire
bars; B is the lower zone or chamber of the kiln in which the material cools
before being discharged; C is the zone or chamber in which the calcination is
effected; D, D, are horizontal flues, leading direct from the zone or chamber C.
E is a drying floor, forming the top of the said flues, and under which the products
of combustion are conducted by the flues on their way to the chimney F.
G, G, are doors or dampers for regulating the inlet of air to the kiln,-H, H, are
dampers at the chimney ends of the flues D, for controlling the direction of the
gases in the flues K is a
charging opening in the top of the kiln, provided with a
moveable cover L, through which the materials to be calcined, and the fuel, are
loaded into the kiln. M, M, are openings by which the calcined clinker is drawn
from the kiln, and N, N, are passages by which air is admitted under the fire bars.
The contents of the upper part of the kiln having been ignited, additional fuel
and material are fed, as required, into the calcining zone or chamber C, through
the opening (or openings) K. From the zone or chamber C the calcined material
descends into the zone or chamber B; where, owing to the absence of fuel, it is
cooled by the air entering past the doors G, which air is thus warmed before it
reaches the calcining zone or chamber C wherein it permits combustion. The products
of combustion pass through the flues D, D, under the drying floor or floors, (or in
the case of Fig. 5, through the chambers OP). By means of the dampers H, H,
the passage of the gases through these flues can be directed and controlled so that
while one part of the floor E is being heated another part can be allowed to cool if
necessary to allow workmen to work on the floor or in the chambers, and to load
the dried slip or slurry into the kiln and also to regulate the even burning of the
clinkers in the calcining zone or chamber C.
When manufacturing cement by the wet or semi-wet processes, that is to say,
from slip or slurry, a light roofing over the drying floor is required merely to
protect the material from the weather.
When, however, the manufacture is carried on by the dry process, in which the
compo is formed into bricks or lumps before drying, I prefer to build over the
drying floor an arched chamber T having sliding doors S as in Fig. 3 or Fig. 4,
and to load the bricks or other articles to be dried into trucks running on rails as
shewn in Fig. 3, and pass them through the chamber, or to place the bricks or
lumps on one or more endless chains or bands running over pulleys as shewn in
Fig. 4 which may be worked so as to carry the bricks or lumps forward either
continuously or intermittently.
In the modification illustrated in Fig. 5 the kiln has two drying chambers O and P
arranged one at each side of it, and each provided with doors R, R, and with

page_text: dampers Q, so that the products of combustion can be passed through one chamber
while the other chamber is cooled, emptied and recharged. In some cases, instead
of the kiln being constructed with two chambers placed as shewn one on each side
of the kiln, it may be constructed with a single chamber divided by a longitudinal
partition, the products of combustion being passed alternately on each side of the
partition.
Instead of only a single kiln as shewn, several may be erected side by side, one
chimney doing duty for all or several of the kilns, the dampers and flues being
arranged accordingly.
When gaseous fuel is to be used, it may advantageously be admitted through
suitable openings arranged at or near the bottom of the calcining zone or
chamber C.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what J
claim is
1. My hereinbefore described improved continuous or running kiln for the
calcination of cement wherein a calcining zone or chamber C, has directly below i
a cooling zone or chamber B of larger cross sectional area, with fire bars below
and flues D, D, passing directly from the calcining chamber, the arrangement being
such that the products of combustion pass directly from the calcining zone or
chamber into the flues, wherein they serve to dry the material to be calcined, and
such flues being provided with dampers arranged in such a way that the products
of combustion can be excluded from one or more of the flues or sets of flues as
described; whether the kiln be constructed as illustrated in Figs. 1, and 2; or
according to either of the modifications respectively illustrated in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4,
of the accompanying drawings.
2. The modification of my continuous kiln wherein the calcining chamber is in
direct communication with and discharges the products of combustion into the slip
slurry or compo drying chambers O, P, as in Fig. 5.
Dated this 2nd day of February 1892.
HENKY FAIJA.