IMPROVEMENTS CONNECTED WITH PIN FASTENERS AND SPRINGS FOr Artificial GUMS AND PALATES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Arthur Charles Hempel, of 108, Kennington Road, in the
County of Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS CONNECTED WITH PIN
FASTENERS AND SPRINGS FOr Artificial GUMS AND PALATES,"
Sealed the 8th September 1877, and dated the 13th July 1877.
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arthur Charles Hempel at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th July 1877.
ARTHUR CHARLES HEMPEL, of 108, Kennington Road, in the County of Surrey.
'IMPROVEMENTS CONNECTED WITH PIN FASTENERS AND SPRINGS FOR ARTIFICIAL
GUMS AND PALLETS."
This Invention relates, firstly, to an improved method of fastening or securing
the back pins in position in artificial gums and pallets, the object being that the
pins can be removed, tightened up, or otherwise acted upon by wearer or other
person without the necessity of sending them to the dentist, as is now the case.
The second part of the Invention relates to securing caps or socket pieces to the
end of the usual springs, that the springs can be detached from the artificial gums
when desired, to enable them to be cleansed more speedily and efficiently than is
possible when the springs are attached by the method now adopted.
According to the first part of any Invention I form a screw thread upon each of
the back pins, and I secure a threaded nut or threaded socket piece in the material
of which the gum is formed during the moulding process, or I recess the inner
portion of the gum at each side for the insertion of the threaded nut or socket piece,
which is shaped to hold itself in position, the inner portion of the gum being then
filled in with cement or by a filling in of a similar material of which the gum itself
is composed. The threaded pin may be screwed direct in the gum material, the
threaded nut or socket piece being in this case dispensed with. The pins by this
means can be screwed home and the springs held in position in a more secure
manner; they can also be fitted with greater nicety and exactness than is usual,
whereby the abrasion of the springs against the teeth can be relieved, and conse-
quently last longer in wear than those now fitted,

page_text: According to the second part of my Invention I attach by solder or by brazing a
tubular socket piece to each end of the springs, and I arrange the hole or aperture
of each of the socket pieces as to fit with a slight pinch upon the connections or
swivel joints which forms the attachments of the springs to the gums, in order that
each spring may be held securely to the socket pieces while in wear, and yet be 5
easily disconnected by hand and replaced when desired.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Arthur Charles Hempel in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
12th January 1878.
ARTHUR CHARLES HEMPEL, of 108, Kennington Road, in the County of Surrey.
"IMPROVEMENTS CONNECTED WITH PIN FASTENERS AND SPRINGS FOR ARTIFICIAL
GUMS AND PALLETS."
This Invention relates to appliances in detail connected with artificial gums and
pallets (palettes), whereby the various attachments can be removed, adjusted, or
otherwise acted upon, or detached for cleansing purposes by the wearer or other
person, as may be found necessary.
The Invention consists, firstly, of parallel sided sockets with exterior flanges or
projections for the mastic of artificial gums, whereby a broad substantial bearing is
obtained by the screw pins which hold the side springs in position, the pins having
a shoulder under the head, upon which the eyes of the swivels have a support apart
from the stem of the pin, which is threaded to engage within the flanged socket;
ordinary screw pins may however be used with my flanged sockets if necessary.
The Invention consists, secondly, of plain interior sockets for artificial gums for
the reception of spring catch fasteners, the lips of which engage against an inner
flange projection of the socket, and hold the two articles in contact as temporary,
yet safe, attachments for the helical springs.
The Invention consists, thirdly, of spring clip fasteners to inner flanged gum
sockets, or to inner flanged end pieces of helical springs, or to both sockets and end
pieces of helical springs, as attachments to artificial gums.
The Invention consists, fourthly, of inner flanged tubular end pieces on helical
springs used with artificial gums and pallets (palettes), to which end pieces spring
clip appliances can be fitted temporarily, yet safely, for the purposes before
referred to.
The Invention consists, fifthly, of various modifications of the foregoing attach-
ments to or upon artificial gums, some of which are applicable to pallets (palettes)
in or to which artificial teeth are arranged, all as herein-after set forth.
I form a shoulder under the head of a screw pin, the stem of which is threaded
and longer than usual, and I secure a threaded nut or a long threaded socket piece,
parallel throughout its length and flanged at the outer end, in the material of which
the gum is formed during the moulding process; or I recess the inner portion of the
gum at each side for the insertion of the threaded nut or socket piece, which is
shaped to hold itself in position, the back portion of the gum being then filled in
with cement or by a filling in of a similar material of which the gum itself is
composed. The pins by this means can be screwed home, and the swivel or other

page_text: attachments, also the helical springs, held in position in a more secure manner then
at present. They can also be fitted with greater nicety and exactness than is usual,
whereby the abrasion of the springs or of the tubes on the spring ends against the
teeth can be relieved, and they will consequently last longer in wear than those
now fitted. The parts can also be detached and cleaned separately, as desired.
I attach by solder or by brazing a tubular socket piece, having an internal flange
on the free end, to each end of the helical springs, and I arrange the hole or aper-
ture of each of the socket pieces with a flange, so that a spring catch connection, as
a swivel joint, forms the attachment of the spring barrel to the socket pin, in order
that each spring may be held securely to the socket pieces while in wear, and yet
be easily disconnected by hand and replaced when desired.
In the annexed Drawings I show my attachments or appliances, the shape or
form of which inay be modified as found convenient without departing from the
character of my Invention, viz., detachable attachments for artificial gums and
pallets (palettes).
Figure 1 of the annexed Drawings is a view of a screw pin a, having a shoulder
under the head. This pin takes into my improved socket b, Figure 2, which is of a
length corresponding to the thickness of the mastic gum at the part where the
socket has to be fixed. The socket, which is parallel throughout its length, may be
plain exteriorly or screw threaded upon the outside, to enable it to be fixed in the
gum by cement or by a screwing operation until its flange c bears fairly against the
gum as a shoulder between the gum and the helical spring, or between the gum
and the tubular or pipe piece of metal that may be upon the end of the helical
spring, to prevent abrasion of the gum at that part by the movement of the
swivel.
Figure 2a is a view of a socket having a circular or disc-shaped flange, with a
nick across it to enable it to be screwed home into the mastic.
Figure 3 is a view of a helical spring d, with plain internal tubular pipe
pieces e, e, on the ends. The outer end of each pipe c has a flange upon the inside,
as in the part sectional end, for the fixation by a lip f of a spring catch fastener g,
shown in Figure 4 as an eyelet attachment by the eye h, which goes over the screw
pin, Figure 1, before the pin is screwed into the socket (Figure 2).
Figure 5 is a view of the before-mentioned appliances in combination, as affixed
to a gum A in the manner I purpose using them for carrying out my Invention,
and as applied to a gum or complete jaw (upper and lower), as in Figure 6.
Figure 7 shows the position of the flange of the socket on the side of a jaw or
artificial gum with teeth.
If my socket b of parallel form be passed into the jaw, I burr or spread the inner
or bottom of it into contact with the inner surface of the jaw for the double purpose
of presenting a neat flush appearance and to prevent the socket working loose or
falling out from any cause.
The jaw socket b may be closed up at its inner or bottom end, as in Figure 5,
or open, as in Figure 8, whether it be plain or screw threaded upon the
exterior.
Figure 9 represents a lipped spring catch with a button head i to enable the
catch to be used in my inner edge flanged socket b, as in Figure 10, for the attach-
ment of the lip of the catch to engage under to hold the two together. The outer
flange serves to protect the jaw and also the tubular socket from abrasion. The
head on the catch is in lieu of the pin to hold the eye of an ordinary swivel
upon the stem, or the eye of a spring catch fastener, referred to with reference to
Figure 4.
The lipped spring catch may be of flat wire form bent to shape, or it may be of
barrel form to fill up the socket barrel, as indicated by Figure 11, where the spring
lipfis formed by slitting the barrel and turning the lip piece outwards from its
base.
In the previous Figures, the helical spring tubular ends or sockets are shewn of a
length as to give a somewhat rigid, yet springy, action for the loop bending of the

page_text: spring when in the mouth; but such tubular ends may be shorter than those shewn,
if desired, and in that case I allow the bent portion of the spring catch to pass into
the helical spring, as in Figure 12.
The helical spring barrel in Figure 3 and other Figures are of round or circular
form in cross section, they may however be of oval or of square shape in cross
section, as in Figures 13 and 14 respectively.
In Figure 15, I have shewn the helical spring end piece as square at the free end
only, its opposite end being round or oval to suit the shape of the helical springs,
as shewn in Figures 14 and 15, or of square shape, as in Figure 13, in which case
the corner edges are rounded off to prevent inconveniences when in use. The
square or oval shaped helical springs or helical spring sockets or barrels prevent
them turning round under the movements of the jaw, and also facilitates fixing
them upon or to the spring catches with either face towards the jaw, whereby the
working sides of the flanged tubular end pieces on the helical springs may be changed
as desired.
In some cases I dispense with the end pieces on the helical springs and make the
ends of the helical spring serve in lieu thereof by brazing the coils together for a
short distance from each end, and by making a flange therein for the lip of the
spring catch to engage against. The brazed coils of the helical spring ends thus
made rigid may be used as a screw thread, so that a screw-threaded swivel,
Figure 16, may be fitted within it by a tight nip upon each other when screwed
home as to hold the two firmly as one article.
Figure 17 represents a spring clip with two tongues or lips f. f, springing from a
headed end j over the shoulder k, of which a wire can be bent into the required
shape for the attachment of an ordinary swivel, or for the attachment of a spring
clip fastener to go into the helical spring or into a flanged end piece on one, as in
Figure 18, or it may be effected by turning the end of the wire round to form an
eye to encircle the shoulder under the head. The prongs of this double spring clip
may attach themselves to the end piece by entering apertures near the helical spring
portions of them, as in Figure 18, or the prongs may return back to engage against
the inner flanges at the outer end, as in Figure 19.
With the square ended end pieces, Figure 15, and with the square helical spring,
Figure 13, four faces or sides are inade available, but in the oval barrel, Figure 20,
or the oval helical spring, Figure 14, only two faces or sides are available for
accommodating the position of the helical spring to the jaw.
Figure 21 represents a folded spring clip g filling up the end piece e or b, if it has
an eye to it.
Figure 22 represents a portion of a jaw or artificial gum with a threaded nut?
embedded in it in the moulding process, or inserted into it after the moulding, and
the space behind filled up with cement, so that the nut occupies a position for the
reception of the threaded pin a, which may be shorter than the thickness of the
jaw, that its inner end does not come through the mastic. By means of this nut the
screw pin obtains a hold upon the mastic as well as upon the nut.
The shoulder of the screw pin a has in Figure 23 a loose washer m upon it in
place of the fixed outer flange of the socket shewn in the previous Figures, to keep
the eye of an ordinary swivel or one of my Patent spring clip fasteners clear to
prevent abrasion. This washer m may be used, along with my helical spring, with
or without the end pieces, if desired.
Figure 24 represents, by way of example, my Invention applied to a pallet
(palette) or metallic roof.
I am aware that end pieces or tubes have been fitted upon helical springs used
with artificial teeth gums before the date of my present Invention, but these have
been used with a gut or like cord through them, by which they were attached to
the gums, either to both upper and lower gums, or to one of them only, the other
of them being fastened to the gum by a pin screw, threaded or plain, by an eye
formed on or from the barrel itself. In this plan there were no facilities for
removing one portion of the attachments from the other to enable them to be easily.

page_text: cleansed, nor was the gut or like cord fitted that it could be withdrawn from the
helical spring, consequently the juices of food imbibed during mastication were
never thoroughly removed by the best possible washing one could give them on
account of the acids fixing some of the juices, nor could the particles of food that
worked through the coils of the helical springs to the inner portions be remoyed
because of the close fit of the gut cord which filled up the passage in the helical
spring, whereas with my helical spring the passage through it when removed from
the jaw is clear for the insertion of a brush, and the coils can be run round by a
looped cotton and be thereby thoroughly cleansed in an easy and efficient manner.
My screw pin can also be easily removed from the fixed socket, as can also my
spring clip from the helical spring end piece, when desired, for cleansing purposes,
or for temporary repairs, or renewals, as required.
I am also aware that screw pins have been used in fixed sockets in gums for the
attachment of swivels thereto, the swivels stems having a tubular sleeve upon them
for the connection of the helical spring, which by its nip and an intermediate layer
of fine silk, the fixation of one to the other was established.
I therefore do not claim any Invention of end pieces or tubes on helical springs
used with artificial teeth, gums, or jaws; nor do I claim Invention in screw pins
in sockets for attaching helical spring end pieces or tubes to the sides of a gum in
its broad sense; but what I do claim is,―
Firstly. The employment of parallel sockets in artificial teeth gums when such
sockets have each a flange upon the outside edge thereof, and used in conjunction
with detachable spring catch fasteners which facilitate the easy removal of the
helical spring therefrom, as described and substantially as shewn in the annexed
Drawings.
Secondly. I claim fitting inside flanged end pieces or tubes on helical springs,
and their employment in conjunction with spring catch fasteners in connection with
artificial teeth gums, whether such spring catch fasteners have one or more prongs,
as described, and substantially as shewn in the annexed Drawings.
Thirdly. I claim inside flanged tubular sockets in artificial teeth gums in con-
junction with spring catch attachments, having heads to them for the connection of
helical spring end tubes whether by an eyelet on the helical spring tube itself or
upon another spring catch fastener which connects the helical spring, as described,
and substantially shewn in the annexed Drawings.
Fourthly. The employment of square or oval end pieces or tubes on circular
coiled helical springs, also square or oval-shaped helical springs as reversible
attachments to artificial teeth guins when used in conjunction with spring catch
fasteners, as described, and substantially as shewn in the annexed Drawings
Fifthly. I claim the employment of screw-threaded nuts or sockets embedded in
the mastic or artificial teeth gums in conjunction with pins, having spring catch
fasteners for the attachment of helical springs thereto, as described, and as shewn
in the annexed Drawings.
Lastly. I claim the several appliances shown in the annexed Sheet of Drawings,
except the screw pin shewn in Figure 1, as attachments for artificial teeth gums
or jaws when used in connection with other appliances, for the purposes set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Arthur Charles Hempel, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
0 Witness,
H. GARDNER,
40, Fleet St.,
E.C.
ARTHUR CHARLES HEMPEL. (L.S.)