Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Lighting and Ventilating Rooms.
Year: 1893

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICA
GATION.
Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Lighting and
Ventilating Rooms.
.
I, GEORGE BRAY, of Blackman Lane, Leeds, in the County of York, Gas-
lighting Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
' 1
This invention relates to improvements in Letters Patent granted to me dated
respectively the 19th of February 1891, and numbered 3040, and the 14th of
January 1892, and numbered 743; and has for its object:
:
"
1st. A more secure suspension of the globe.
2nd. The staying of the globe at the top to prevent'tilting
3rd. An improved arrangement of the lower ends of the bottom cones in relation
to each other, and to the top aperture of the globe, so as to prevent the escape of
an undue quantity of hot products of, combustion and air from the top of the globe
into the annular. space, by which means the decorations of the outer shaft are
preserved from deterioration by excessive heat.
4th. Improved arrangements for the conduction of the hot products of com-
bustion and air which pass up the inner shaft and of the comparatively cool air
which passes up the 'annular space and in at the apertures near the top of the
outer shaft, and for lowering the temperature, of the hot products of combustion
and air, which pass up the central shaft when the effluent products of combustion
and air are required to pass horizontally as between the ceiling of an ordinary
living room and the floor of the room above.
The better suspension of the globe I accomplish by a sleeve screwed inside to
secure the same on the down rod and fixed at any suitable position by a set screw
or other suitable means. This sleeve is turned up on the outside to fit the boss of
the holder, and by preference is also formed with a collar at the top. The holder
is placed on the sleeve against the collar; and' to the bottom of the down rod I place
a knob screwed inside. Between the collar on the sleeve and the knob the holder
and globe are free to revolve in one direction without the danger, as hitherto, of
unscrewing the knob from the down rod 'and letting down the globe, and in the
opposite direction without the danger of the holder being screwed rigidly to the
collar whereby the globe might be broken by being tightened at the top against
the guides or the cones.
.1
The staying of the globe at the top I accomplish by securing a number of guides,
four by preference, to the bottom of the inner and the outer cone, each having a
projection which reaches below the bottom of the cones, and depends within the top
rim of the globe and prevents the globe from tilting.
The third part of my invention I accomplish in the following manner :- -I project
the bottom of the inner cone below the bottom of the outer cone, and into the top
of the globe. This projection of the inner cone into the globe keeps the top
aperture of the globe practically closed round its top edge; although its top edge
may be as is frequently the case, materially' uneven in level. By this arrangement
of the cones and the globe, all the hot, products of combustion and air, as nearly
as is practicable, are passed up the inner shaft. The annular space between the
inner and outer cones and shafts is thus a conduit for comparatively cool air, and
the relatively slight quantity of hot products of combustion and air that escape
between the top of the globe and the bottom of the inner cone, consequently the
decorations on the outer shaft are not injured by heat as hitherto when a much
larger quantity of the hot products of combustion and air were allowed to escape
into the annular space.
i.

page_text: The fourth part of my invention 1 accomplish in the following manner :-Instead,
as hitherto, continuing the inner shaft into and throughout the horizontal part of
the outer shaft, I stop it about four inches above the vertical part of the outer
shaft which projects into the room, and close it at the top, and make a number of
apertures of suitable size near the top end thereof, through which the heated
products of combustion and air issue into the outer shaft and mix with the com-
paratively cool air that has ascended the annular space and with that which has
entered through the apertures near the top of the outer vertical shaft, and this
mixture to a large extent comes in contact with the comparatively large and cool
surface of the upper part of the vertical shaft. By this arrangement the following
advantages are secured.
(a) The elbow of the outer shaft does not become unduly and dangerously hot
as it would if the hot products of combustion and air were allowed to strike directly
against it without being mixed with the comparatively cool air that ascends the
annular space and with that which enters through the holes near the top of the
vertical outer shaft; and this cooling is further aided by the mixture coming in
contact with the upper part of the outer shaft.
(b) The friction of the issuing products of combustion and air is greatly reduced
in the horizontal portion of the shaft as there is only one surface instead of three
as hitherto.
(c) The apparatus is simplified and its cost is reduced.
In order that my invention may be more fully understood I will further
describe the same in detail by making reference to the accompanying sheet of
drawings.
Fig. 1 represents a vertical sectional elevation of my improved apparatus for
lighting and ventilating.
Fig. 2 is a detail showing the improved method of mounting the holder for
supporting the globe.
To the screwed down rod D. below the burners B' I mount a sleeve Q having a
collar Qformed thereon, and turned up on the outside to receive the boss F¹ of
the globe holder F. On attaching the knob H, the holder F and globe O supported
thereon, are free to revolve between the said knob and collar Q₁ without any
liability of the knob becoming unscrewed and the globe let down, and without the
danger of the holder being screwed rigidly to the collar whereby the globe might
be broken by being tightened at the top against the guides or the cones.
To further increase the stability of the globe OI secure a suitable number of
guides P, four by preference, to the bottom of the shafts A and B, the said guides
having projections P¹ thereon which depend within the rim of the globe O and
prevent the globe from tilting.
The apparatus is constructed mainly, as hitherto, with an inner and outer vertical
shaft A and B. The inner shaft A terminates at the burner end in a conical
form C¹as hitherto, but in this case the periphery of the cone C₁ at Z is, as nearly
as practicable, in contact with globe O thus practically closing communication at
this point with the cone C² of the annular space C whereby, as far as is practicable,
all the hot products of combustion and air are caused to pass up the inner shaft A
until they reach the stopped end A¹ where they escape through the apertures V₁
and mix with the comparatively cool air that has ascended the annular space C and
with that admitted through the apertures V¹ of the outer shaft thereby producing
the beneficial results previously mentioned.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion, and in what manner the same may be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The method of mounting the holder F to support the globe 0:
2. The method of staying the globe G at its top by the guides F:
3. The improved arrangement of the lower ends of the bottom cones C¹ C in
relation to each other and to the top aperture of the globe 0:

page_text: 4. The improved arrangements A¹ and V' for dealing with the hot products
of combustion and air:
All substantially in the manner shewn and described and for the purposes herein-
before set forth.
Dated thig 31st day of December 1800
JOHN WAUGH,
Agent.