Improvements in Stoves or Ovens for Heating Air for Drying Grain and other Produce or Material, or for other purpose.
Year: 1892

page_text: This Print is in accordance with the Original Specification as it stands after
Amendment (under Section 18 of the Patents, &c., Act, 1883), as allowed by
the decision of the Chief Examiner of the 8th day of September 1896.
Date of Application, 3rd June, 1892
Complete Specification Left, 29th Oct., 1892—Accepted, 3rd Dec., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Stoves or Ovens for Heating Air for Drying Grain
and other Produce or Material, or for other purpose.
I, HENRY WORRALL, of Broad Street, Kingswinford in the County of Stafford,
Builder, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has for its chief object to economise fuel in the heating of air for
use in drying grain and other produce or material, or in the heating of air for other
purpose.
A stove or oven, constructed according to this invention, has a blast box or air
main running longitudinally on each side of the gate, from the direct heat of which
it is protected by fire lumps or a living of fire-brick. The main on one side is
divided across the middle, by a diagram or cross wall, into two compartments.
The main on the other side is formed in one compartment only. A separate
branch pipe communicates with each compartment, respectively, of the divided
main. One of these branch pipes is the inlet pipe for the cold air to be heated, and
the other branch pipe is the outlet for the heated air. A number of arched or
bridge pipes, each of which may be conveniently formed to the shape of the
letter V inverted, but with the apex rounded instead of angular, are fixed each
with the end of one of its legs in one of a number of sockets formed on the top of
one of the mains, aforesaid, and communicating with the interior thereof, and with
its other leg in a corresponding socket on the opposite main. The arched or bridge
pipes thus form a direct communication between the mains, and form a series of
arches over the top of the grate. The cold air forced through the inlet branch into
one compartment of the main with which it communicates passes thence through
one half the set of arched pipes into the opposite main, and returns thence through
the remaining arched pipes into the other compartment of the first main; and from
thence it passes through the outlet branch. The air has thus to travel right across
the fire twice, and each time through a set of pipes each of which is very long
compared with the width of the furnace or grate, and absorbs consequently a very
considerable portion of the heat from the furnace and minimises the loss which
results from the escape of heat to the chimney.
A fire-brick wall is carried up outside the pipes on each side at a short distance
therefrom, and a fire-brick arch is carried from the tops of these walls over the
curved tops of the pipes, and thus beat is radiated to the outer surfaces of the pipes.
A flue is formed between these walls and arch and outer walls and an upper brick
arch, and this flue is enlarged at the bottom on each side to act as a longitudinal
and the longitudinal flues communicate with the chimney. Openings are
Blue;

page_text: formed through the lower brick arch through which the products of combustion
pass into the flue between the two brick arches and the inner and outer walls.
These products consequently pass over the lower brick arch and down on each side
between the inner and outer walls, and thus materially assist in maintaining the
temperature of the oven, and consequently in economising the fuel.
division walls may be built dividing the flue between the two brick arches and
inner and outer walls into a number of smaller flues, for the sake of strengthening
the brickwork, and of ensuring an equal distribution of the heat.
Narrow
An air hole or holes or ventilators, capable of being opened and closed at will,
may be formed in the front and back walls of the stove or oven, by means of which
the temperature of the stove or oven may be regulated.
Dated this Second day of June 1892.
STEPHEN
WATKINS,
Wolverhampton, Agent for the Applicant.
Improvements in Stoves or Ovens for Heating Air for Drying Grain
and other Produce or Material, or for other purpose.
3
I, HENRY WORRALL, of Broad Street, Kingswinford in the County of Stafford,
Builder, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention has for its chief object to economise fuel in the heating of air for
use in drying grain and other produce or material, or in the heating of air for other
purpose.
A stove or oven, constructed according to this invention, is illustrated by the
drawings herewith, of which
Figure 1 is a transverse section of the stove taken through the blast boxes or air
mains and one of the arched pipes hereinafter described;
Figure 2 is a longitudinal section through the stove; and
Figure 3 is a half sectional plan thereof taken on line x of Figure 1.
The same letters of reference occurring on two or all of the views indicate corre-
sponding parts.
A is the furnace grate, which runs longitudinally of the oven and is supplied
with fuel through the door B at the end. C Care blast boxes or air mains
running longitudinally on each side of the grate, from the direct heat of which they
are protected by fire lumps a, or a lining of fire brick. The blast box or main C is
divided across the middle into two compartments by a diaphragm or cross wall b,
as shewn by Figure 3. The blast box or main C¹, on the other side of the grate, is
formed in one compartment only, that is to say it is not divided across the middle
as in the case of the main C. A branch pipe D communicates with one of the
compartments of the main C, as shewn by Figures 1 and 3, and a branch pipe D'
communicates with the other compartment of such main, as shewn by Figure 3.
One of these branch pipes, for instance the branch pipe D, is an inlet pipe for the
cold air to be heated, and the other branch pipe is the outlet for the heated air.
A number of arched pipes E E¹ are fixed each with the end of one of its legs
in one of a number of sockets formed on the top of one of the blast boxes or
air mains CC, and communicating with the interior thereof, and with its other
leg in a corresponding socket on the opposite blast box or main. These arched
pipes thus form a direct communication between the blast boxes or air mains C C¹,
and form a series of arches over the top of the grate. The cold air forced or
drawn (by means of a fan, rotary blower, or other appliance for forcing or
drawing air) through the inlet branch D into the compartment of the blast box

page_text: or air main C with which it communicates passes thence through one half of the
set of arched pipes, that is to say through the pipes E, into the opposite blast box
or air main C, and returns thence through the arched pipes E into the other
compartment of the blast box or air main C; and from thence it passes through the
outlet branch D!. The direction in which the air passes is indicated by the
arrows. The air has thus to travel right across the fire twice, and each time
through a set of pipes each of which is very long compared with the wilth of the
furnace or grate, and absorbs consequently a very considerable portion of the heat
from the furnace and minimses the loss which results from the escape of heat to
the chimney.
It is not essential that the branch D shall be the inlet branch, as the branch D'
may form the inlet branch, if preferred, in which case the branch D will form the
outlet. A fire-brick wall F is carried up outside the arched pipes on each side at
a short distance therefrom, as shewn, and is, preferably, inclined to the same
inclination as the legs of the pipes; and a firebrick arch G is carried from the
tops of these walls over the curved tops of the pipes; and heat is radiated from
the brick walls and arch to the outer surfaces of the pipes. A flue H is formed
between the walls F and arch G and outer firebrick walls J and an upper fire-
brick arch K; and this flue is enlarged at the bottom on each side to act as a
longitudinal flue L; and the longitudinal flues communicate with the chimney in
any convenient manner. Openings M are formed through the lower brick arch G,
through which the products of combustion pass into the flue H. These products,
consequently, pass over the lower brick arch G, and down on each side between
the inner and outer firebrick walls F and J, and thus materially assist in main-
taining the temperature of the oven and consequently in economising the fuel.
Narrow firebrick division walls c, which extend downwards on each side to the
tops of the flues L, may be built dividing the flue H into a number of smaller flues,
for the sake of strengthening the brickwork and of ensuring an equal distribution
of the heat. These division walls c are shewn by full lines where they appear in
section in Figure 2, and the parts thereof which are behind other brickwork in such
view are indicated by broken lines, as is also the longitudinal flue L on the same
side of the oven. When the flue H is divided up into a number of smaller flues,
as shewn by Figure 2, a separate opening M is, of course, made into each of such
smaller flues, as shewn also by Figure 2. A flue corresponding to the flue H,
with openings thereinto from the interior of the oven, may be used to assist in
maintaining the temperature in air heating ovens generally which are heated from
a grate or otherwise from fuel introduced near the bottom, whether the pipes which
stand up within the ovens are arranged in the manner described or otherwise, and
whether the air passes through them in the manner described or in other manner.
An air hole or ventilator Ñ (or there may be more than one, if desired) capable
of being opened and closed by means of a suitable door as shewn, may be formed
in the front wall of the oven, by means of which the temperature of the oven may
be regulated at will. This air hole is indicated by broken lines in Figure 1, as it
does not properly appear in such view.
The outer fire-brick walls J and arch K, and the firebrick walls P forming the
lining at each end of the oven, may be backed up with red brickwork to give the
necessary strength and to assist in retaining the heat; and this brickwork may be
strengthened with straps and bolts in the usual manner of strengthening brick
furnaces and ovens.
The blast box or air main C, instead of being formed in one length divided by a
diaphragm into two compartments, may be formed in two independent lengths each
provided with a branch pipe.
The pipes through which the air passes across the fire from one box or main
to the other, and which are described as arched pipes, are not necessarily of the
shape shewn, but may be of any analogous shape whether strictly-speaking arched
or not, the essential feature in the shape of each such pipe being that it shall
rise on each side from the blast boxes or mains and that the two sides shall

page_text: communicate with one another so as to form them into a continuous length of
pipe which is of a considerable length compared with the width between the
boxes or mains.
It is not, of course, essential that the air shall pass first in one direction through
half the arched (or analogous) pipes and then back through the other half thereof
(though such is a convenient and efficient method), as the boxes and the arched
pipes may be so arranged that the air may pass more than twice across the width
of the oven; indeed both the mains may be divided up by diaphragıns in such
manner that the air may pass across the oven first through one of the arched pipes
and then back through the next and so on throughout the whole range of arched
pipes, but in such case of course the arched pipes should be larger in diameter in
proportion to the diameter of the mains.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. The general combination of parts forming a stove or oven for heating air, for
drying grain or other produce or material, or for other purpose, substantially as
described and shewn by the drawings herewith.
Dated this 28th day of October 1892.
STEPHEN WATKINS,
Wolverhampton, Agent for the Applicant.