IMPROVE- MENTS IN VENTILATING VARIOUS ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Coles, of Gresham Street West, in the City
of London, Manufacturer, and James Archibald Jaques, Chemist, John
Americus Fanshawe, Engineer, and Thomas Galpin, Manufacturer, all of
Tottenham, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN VENTILATING VARIOUS ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL."
Sealed the 16th July 1861, and dated the 6th May 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Coles, James
Archibald Jaques, John Americus Fanshawe, and Thomas Galpin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 6th
May 1861.
We, GEORGE COLES, of Gresham Street West, in the City of London,
Manufacturer, and JAMES ARCHIBALD JAQUES, Chemist, JOHN AMERICUS
FANSHAWE, Engineer, and THOMAS GALPIN, Manufacturer, all of Tottenham,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING VARIOUS ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL,
to be as follows:-
Our Invention of improvements in the manufacture of various articles of
wearing apparel, has for its object the manufacture or production of various
waterproof articles of wearing apparel in such a manner that they may be
thoroughly ventilated, and egress allowed for the perspiration or exhalations
from the body, while at the same time water is effectually prevented from

page_text: passing through the garment. This is effected by perforating the garment or
article in various parts, and adapting to each of these perforations a short tube,
which passes upwards inside the garment or article. The passage of water
through the article will, therefore, be impossible, under ordinary circumstances.
If desired, the perforations or some of them, may be hidden by overhanging
flaps or capes so arranged as not to be an eyesore; as, for instance, a short cape
over the shoulders, or a narrow flap round the collar, in the case of a close-
fitting garment or coat, may be used to cover the perforations. In the case of
waterproof gaiters, the appearance of the perforations is not very objectionable,
and therefore they need not be covered in the manner above mentioned, but
care must be taken that the ventilating tubes be not so much compressed as to
stop up the passage of the air.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Coles, James Archibald Jaques, John Americus
Fanshawe, and Thomas Galpin in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
6th November 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, GEORGE
COLES, of Gresham Street West, in the City of London, Manufacturer, and
JAMES ARCHIBALD JAQUES, Chemist, JOHN AMERICUS FANSHAWE, Engineer, and
THOMAS GALPIN, Manufacturer, all of Tottenham, in the County of Middlesex,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
George Coles, James Archibald Jaques, John Americus Fanshawe, and Thomas
Galpin, Her special license that we, the said George Coles, James Archibald
Jaques, John Americus Fanshawe, and Thomas Galpin, our executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said George Coles, James
Archibald Jaques, John Americus Fanshawe, and Thomas Galpin, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING VARIOUS ARTICLES
OF WEARING APPAREL," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said

page_text: George Coles, James Archibald Jaques, John Americus Fanshawe, and Thomas
Galpin, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the
hand and seal of one of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Coles, (on behalf of myself and
of the said James Archibald Jaques, John Americus Fanshawe, and Thomas
Galpin,) do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing
hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is
to say)-
Our Invention of "Improvements in Ventilating various Articles of Wearing
Apparel, has for its object the manufacture or production of various water-
proof articles of wearing apparel in such a manner that they may be thoroughly
ventilated, and egress allowed for the perspiration or exhalations from the body,
while at the same time water is effectually prevented from passing through the
garment. This is effected by perforating the garment or article in various
parts, and adapting to each of these perforations a short tube, which passes
upwards inside the garment or article. The passage of water through the
article will, therefore, be impossible, under ordinary circumstances; but yet,
air may be freely admitted or any exhalations from the body will be allowed
egress. If desired, the perforations, or some of them, may be hidden by over-
hanging flaps or capes so arranged as not to be an eyesore; as, for instance, a
short cape over the shoulders, or a narrow flap round the collar, in the case of
a close-fitting garment or coat, may be used to cover the perforations. In the
case of waterproof gaiters, the appearance of the perforations is not very
objectionable, and therefore, they need not be covered in the manner above
mentioned, but care must be taken that the ventilating tubes be not so much
compressed as to stop up the passage of the air.
In the accompanying Drawing we have shewn a front, back, and sectional
view of part of a gaiter or garment with our Invention adapted thereto.
Fig. 1 is a front view, shewing only the ventilating holes made through the
leather or outer material b, of which the garment is composed, and with the
eyelets a, a, secured therein; these eyelets a, a, are by preference made of
vulcanite or hard india-rubber compound, and holes having been made through
the outer material to receive them, they are inserted and held in their places

page_text: by the inner flange, as shewn in the sectional view, Fig. 3. Short lengths of
flexible vulcanized india-rubber tube c, c, (Figures 2 and 3) are cemented on to
the back of the material 6 over the back of the eyelets a, and have holes made
in one side thereof, so as to communicate through the eyelets with the external
atmosphere. The lower ends of the short tubes c, c, are closed and cemented
down to the fabric or leather, but the upper ends of the tubes c are left open.
The parts a, b, and c, having been thus prepared and combined, the back of
the fabric with the tubes affixed thereto, as shewn in Fig. 2, is covered over
with a lining d, colored red in Fig. 3; this lining is perforated at or near the
open ends of the tubes c, c, to allow a free passage through the same, as shown
in the sectional view, Fig. 3. The lining d will not only hide the tubes c and
the back of the eyelets a from view, but will also serve to hold them in their
place and strengthen the article. It will be evident that this system of ventila-
tion is applicable to gaiters, boots, and other articles made of leather or
waterproof material; and also to coats, cloaks, and other garments.
In adapting the Invention to coats, we propose to insert these ventilating
contrivances in that part of the sleeves nearest the body, and also at the back
of the garment or other parts where they will not be very conspicuously seen.
The holes may also, if desired, be covered by a loose cape. We do not, how-
ever, propose to limit ourselves to any particular part of a garment to which
our ventilating tubes may be applied, but will state generally that they may be
adapted to any part where they may be required.
Having now described our Invention of "Improvements in Ventilating
various Articles of Wearing Apparel," and having explained the manner of
carrying the same into effect, we claim as the Invention which we desire to
secure by Letters Patent as aforesaid, the mode herein set forth of ventilating
various articles of wearing apparel.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Coles, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Sixth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
Witness,
H. E. NEWTON,
66, Chancery Lane.
GEO. COLES. (L.S.)