AN IMPROVED CON- TINUOUS DRAWING COMPRESSER FOR MOULDING OR BRUISING SEVERAL SUB- STANCES OR MIXTURES
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Maximilien Evrard, Civil Engineer, of Saint Etienne,
Town in the French Empire, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED CON-
TINUOUS DRAWING COMPRESSER FOR MOULDING OR BRUISING SEVERAL SUB-
STANCES OR MIXTURES."
Sealed the 18th September 1855, and dated the 3rd April 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Maximilien Evrard at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd April 1855.
T, MAXIMILIEN EVRARD, Civil Engineer, of Saint Etienne, Town in the
French Empire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED CONTINUOUS DRAWING COMPRESSER FOR MOULDING OR BRUISING SEVERAL
SUBSTANCES OR MIXTURES" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of a plunger made to work to and fro by steam or
other power, or by hand labor, in a cylinder, in the upper part of which is an
aperture through which the materials to be pressed are fed; the mouth of the
cylinder opens into a tubular or other shaped mould into which the materials
are forced. A weighted cover may be used for the mould, which may be made
to press more or less upon the materials passing through it, when the resist-
ance to their passage may be increased, and they may consequently be more
closely compressed. At every back stroke of the plunger it is drawn clear of
the feed aperture, and drives a fresh supply into the mould at every forward
stroke.

page_text: For the extraction of oil and for other similar purposes, the feed hopper is
surmounted by a vessel containing water, heated to any required degree; the
oil being pressed out of any grains or oleaginous matters follows the plunger
in its back stroke, ascends into the vessel containing the water, floats on the
top, and is drawn off through a tube, the bottom of which is inserted in a float
which keeps upon the surface; the tube is carried outside the vessel to any
part desired.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Maximilien Evrard in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
25th September 1855....
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MAXIMILIEN
EVRARD, Civil Engineer, of Saint Etienne, Town in the French Empire, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by, Her. Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Maximilien Evrard, Her special licence that I, the said Maximilien Evrard,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Maximilien Evrard, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time, and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED CON-
TINUOUS DRAWING COMPRESSER FOR MOULDING OR BRUISING SEVERAL SUBSTANCES OR
MIXTURES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Maximilien
Evrard, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particu-
larly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Maximilien Evrard, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
that is to say:-

page_text: My Invention consists of a machine applicable for pressing and moulding
bricks, plastic, ceramic, and other materials and products, coal, coke, turf, and
other descriptions of fuel, (whether combined with fatty and resinous matters
or not,) and it is also applicable to the extraction of juices or liquids contained
in fruit, grain, and other vegetable matters, and for various other extractive
purposes. The materials are fed into and pressed out of the machine con-
tinuously, and in any lengths required, the degree of pressure imparted to the
matters under treatment being regulated by the amount of friction at the part
where they are discharged from the mould. On leaving the mould, the pro-
ducts will be found to have acquired a high degree of polish.
The machine consists of a plunger made to work to and fro by manual,
steam, or other power, in a cylinder, in the upper part of which is an aperture
through which the materials to be pressed are fed. The mouth of the cylinder
opens into a tubular or other shaped mould, into which the materials are
forced. A weighted cover may be used for the mould, which, being made to
press more or less upon the materials passing through it; increases the resist-
ance to their passage, and they will consequently be more closely compressed.
At every back stroke the plunger is drawn clear of the feed aperture, while at
every forward stroke it drives a fresh supply into the mould.
presser.
Figure 1 of the Drawings annexed is a sectional view of my improved com-
W is the plunger; S, the mould (which may be round, square, oval,
or of any other form); H is the hopper, through which the materials to be
compressed are fed into the mould through; the feed aperture; a, t, is the
weighted cover (shewn detached in Figure 5), for regulating the pressure on
the materials passing through the mould; y. is an opening, shewn in the
section, Figure 6, through which the dirt, dust, &c. brought with the plunger
on its return stroke. escape; U is a casing round the mould (shewn in section,
Figure 7), for containing water, which is heated, and maintains the mould at a
temperature of 212° Fahrenheit (or any other required heat) ;- M is a cranked
shaft, and N a connecting rod, through which a to and fro motion is imparted
to the plunger from a steam engine or other prime motor.
In its first stroke the plunger leaves the feed opening a clear, and in its
next forward stroke it first pushes the materials to be pressed onwards into the
space. which it left clear in its preceding stroke, and next drives the materials
forward into the mould until the pressure is sufficiently strong to overcome the
resistance: of the materials previously compressed, and it then drives a portion
of the compressed materials from the mould in the form and degree of pressure
desired. When. materials of a very elastic nature are under treatment, the

page_text: mould may be of a conical form, and its length diminished, whereby the
resistance and pressure will be increased.
Figure 4 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 3 a horizontal section, of an
apparatus for the manufacture of fuel, adapted for four of my improved com-
pressers, the plungers of each of which should be alternately worked to and
fro. b is a vertical shaft, on which is mounted a pulley a, which receives
motion from any prive mover, and imparts it to the working parts of the
machinery; on the top of the shaft 6 is keyed a bevel toothed wheel e, which
gears into the pinion d on the end of the cranked shaft c, on which are
mounted rods f, f, f, having scoops g, g, at their further extremities, which by
the play of the cranks are dipped into and out of a vat A (shewn detached in
Figure 2), containing a quantity of pitch, a portion of which the scoops take
up in their upward stroke; they come in contact with a stop or bar i, which
tilts them over, so that they discharge their contents into the passage or
channel h, down which the pitch flows, and is discharged. at h¹ on to a table
or platform B, mounted on the shaft b, and revolving with it. On to this table,
coal or other combustible matter broken into very small pieces is fed from the
hopper C, first coming in contact with a guide scraper k, which, assisted by the
revolution of the table, spreads the coal evenly over a portion of its surface;
after the table has nearly completed a revolution, the layer of coal comes in
contact with a second guide scraper (plan, Figure 3), which spreads it over
another portion of the table; after completing a half revolution, the coal,
which is now combined with the pitch from the passage h, which it met at the
point h', comes in contact with a third guide scraper m, which conducts it into
the agitator D; this agitator is a cylindrical or other shaped vessel, having a
central shaft o, which is free to revolve, and is furnished with projecting pins
or blades, which as tho shaft o rotates beats up, kneads, stirs, and mixes
together the mass of fuel, which, after passing through the agitator, is dis-
charged into a receiver n (shewn in the plan, Figure 3). This receiver is
divided into compartments, as shewn.
fuel passes into the passages G, and
passages, is discharged into the feed
pressers, placed ready to receive it at
which it is pressed and moulded into lumps or bricks of fuel of the required
size and shape. E is a furnace under the table B, for heating the mixture;
F is the brickwork, supporting the agitator D. A furnace and cold water
tank may, if desired, be introduced into this brickwork, to keep the mass in
a hot or a cold state. The central shaft of the agitator D receives rotation
On leaving the receiver, the mixture of
then, by raising and lowering these
hoppers of the four drawing com-
the mouths of the passages, and in

page_text: from a toothed wheel p, in gear with the wheel 9 on the shaft r, which is in
gear with the wheel i through the pinion S. The guides G are raised and
lowered by chains n, n', passed over pulleys and round a projecting stud,
placed excentrically on the toothed wheel q. When four or more drawing
compressers are used, the plungers of each must be connected to the driving
shaft by a separate connecting rod.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim the compresser
for moulding substances, herein-before described, and the means of graduating
the pressure by weighting the moulds, also as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Maximilien Evrard, have hereunto set my
hand and scal, this Twentieth day of September, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-five.
MAXIMILIEN EVRARD. (L.B.)
Witness,
CI. ARMENGAUD, Jo, Ing Civil,
6, Rue Filles du Calvaire, à Paris.

page_text: LONDON:
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PRINTERS TO THE QUEEN'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY:
PUBLISHED AT THE GREAT SEAL PATENT OFFICE,
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