IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WIRE CARDS
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Walton, of Manchester, and Frederick
Walton, of the British Grove Works, Chiswick, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WIRE CARDS."
Sealed the 18th July 1862, and dated the 31st January 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Walton and
Frederick Walton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 31st January 1862.
We, WILLIAM WALTON, of Manchester, and FREDERICK WALTON, of the
British Grove Works, Chiswick, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WIRE CARDS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
wire cards. 1eretofore woven fabrics have been extensively employed as
backs in the manufacture of wire cards, such woven fabrics being connected
together by india-rubber cement before being set with wire teeth.
Now, the present Invention consists in the employment of a solution of the
semi-resinous substance prepared from drying oils by their being oxidized for
the purpose of cementing and coating fabrics in a suitable manner to render
them fit for the backs of wire cards. Backs of wire cards composed of woven
fabrics cemented and coated by the above flexible cement will be found to

page_text: resist the action of grease, oil, and moisture in place of their being liable to
injury when acted on by such substance as has heretofore been the case when
other flexible cement has been used. Small quantities of india-rubber or of
gutta percha may be combined with the solution above mentioned.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Walten and Frederick Walton in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 31st July 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
WALTON, of Manchester, and FREDERICK WALTON, of the British Grove
Works, Chiswick, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said William Walton and Frederick Walton, Her special licence that we,
the said William Walton and Frederick Walton, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said William Walton and
Frederick Walton, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WIRE CARDS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said William Walton and Frederick Walton, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their hands and
seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or them, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Walton, on behalf of myself
and the said William Walton, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is
to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of wire

page_text: cards. Heretofore woven fabrics have been extensively employed as backs in
the manufacture of wire cards, such woven fabrics being connected together
by india-rubber cement before being set with wire teeth.
Now the present Invention consists in the employment of a solution of the
semi-resinous substance prepared from drying oils by their being oxidized for
the purpose of cementing and coating fabrics in a suitable manner to render
them fit for the backs of wire cards. Backs of wire cards composed of woven
fabrics cemented and coated by the above flexible cement will be found to
resist the action of grease, oil,and moisture, in place of their being liable to
injury when acted on by such substances as has heretofore been the case
when other flexible cement has been used. Small quantities of india-rubber
or of gutta percha may be combined with the solution above mentioned.
Having thus stated the nature of our Invention, we will proceed more fully
to describe the manner of performing the same.
The compound or solution of the oxidized oil used when making the backs
of wire cards, according to our Invention, may be varied, but we usually
employ the same in the following manner:-We take oxidized oil made, by
preference,as described in the Specifications of former Patents granted to me,
the said Frederick Walton; and in order to dissolve the oxidized oil, we find
it desirable, before applying thereto rectified coal naptha (which is the solvent
we prefer to employ), to mix with the oxidized oil Burgundy pitch or other
resinous substance, which facilitates the solution or mixing of the solventwith
the oxidized oil; and we prefer to use at the rate of about of a lb. of
Burgundy pitch to 6lbs. of the oxidized oil, and we intimately combine these
substances, which is readily done by hot pressing rollers; and when we use.
gutta percha or india-rubber in the compound, we mix that substancewith the
oxidized oil, at the same time as the Burgundy pitch; we generally employ at
the rate of lb. of gutta percha (in preference to a like quantity of india-
rubber) to the quantity of the oxidized oil above mentioned. We would state
that the proportions above given may be varied. Having mixed the oxidized
oil with the Burgundy pitch, rectified naptha is applied in sufficient quantity
to render the oxidized oil and the matters used therewith into a dough-like
preparation suitable for spreading in like manner and with like spreading
apparatus to that in which india-rubber is now spread on fabrics. The mixing
of the solvent with the oxidized oil we perform in a tray heated with hot
water or steam, and we stir the compound till the solvent is intimately mixed
therewith.
In making backs for wire cards, we generally use four plies of woven
| fabric, such as is now employed when manufacturing the backs of wire cards

page_text: of woven fabrics cemented together by india-rubber, but less or more than
four plies of the woven fabric may be used; and we usually apply an outer sur-
facing of the solution of oxidized oil, prepared as above explained, to the front
surface, or it may be to the front and back surfaces of the backs of wire cards
in addition to thequantity of the solution or preparation applied for cementing
or combining the plies of cloth together. This outer surfacing of the backs of
wire cards when made of woven fabrics is beneficial when the plies of fabrics
are cemented by india-rubber.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, we would have it understood that we do not confine
ourselves to the details herein described; butwhatwe claim is the combination
of a solution of oxidized oil with woven fabrics in the manufacture of the backs
of wire cards, as herein explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Walton, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
FREDK. WALTON. (L.S.)