IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WARMING APARTMENTS
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Gideon Blake, of Trowbridge, in the County of
Wilts, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
WARMING APARTMENTS."
Sealed the 15th July 1862, and dated the 13th May 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Gideon Blake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
May 1862.
I, GIDEON BLAKE, of Trowbridge, in the County of Wilts, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR WARMING APARTMENTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
warm-air stove, and consists in causing the stove to be used for warming the
air to be heated by a fire placed externally thereto, in lieu of such fire being
situate inside the stove as heretofore, the air being heated as it passes through
the interior of the stove, and not whilst passing over or along its exterior, as
has previously been the case. In order to present as large a heating surface
to the air as possible, it is proposed to apply a number of plates or partitions
inside the stove, the air passing through the intervening spaces between the
plates. These stoves may be made of metal, fire-brick, or other suitable
material, and of any desired form, according to the taste of the manufacturer,
and the plates may be arranged therein in various ways, so as to augment the
heating surface over or against which the air passes.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Gideon Blake in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th
November 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GIDEON
BLAKE, of Trowbridge, in the County of Wilts, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Gideon Blake, Her special license that I, the said Gideon Blake,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Gideon Blake, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exer-
cise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR WARMING APARTMENTS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Gideon Blake, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, or under the hand and seal of one
of them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Gideon Blake, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement,
reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the letters and
figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
warm-air stove, and consists in causing such stove to be heated by a fire placed
externally thereto, in lieu of the fire being situate inside thereof, as heretofore,
the air being beated as it passes through the interior of the stove, and not
whilst passing over or along its exterior, as has previously been the case. In
order to present as large a heating surface to the air as possible, it is proposed
to apply a number of "surface plates" or partitions inside the stove, the air
passing through the intervening spaces between such plates or partitions.
These stoves may be made of metal, fire-brick, or other suitable material, and
of any desired form, according to the taste of the manufacturer, and the

page_text: "surface plates
or partitions may be arranged therein in various ways, so as
to augment the heating surface over or against which the air passes. The stove
may be also so constructed as to derive its heat from steam or hot water,
introduced into a space around its exterior. The sectional shape of the
improved warm-air stove can be of any form, but by preference, either elliptical
or cylindrical. It can be made of wrought iron, or cast iron, or fire clay,
burnt as the ordinary retorts in which coal gas is made.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose, I shall
refer to the several Figures on the Sheets of Drawings hereunto annexed, the
same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts throughout all the
Figures.
Figure 1 of the Drawings is a longitudinal vertical section, and Figure 2'
a transverso vertical section (at right angles to Figure 1) of one form of my
improved warm-air stove. A, A, is the shell of the stove, which is placed
horizontally over the fire or furnace; B, B, is the "division plate," for directing
the current of air through the stove; C, C, are the "surface plates" or partitions,
disposed in two sets, extending nearly the whole length of the stove longitu-
dinally, and set at about one inch apart transversely; D is the furnace, and E
the smoke flue, encircling the exterior of the stove in its course to the chimney;
Fis the channel for conveying cold air from the exterior of the building to
the stove, and G is the channel for conveying the warm air to the apartments
or building to be heated. This improved warm-air stove may be extended by.
placing any number horizontally over one fire, as well as by increasing the
size if made in one.
Figure 3 is a longitudinal vertical section, and Figure 4 a transverse vertical
section of a modified form of warm-air stove, having both ends open for
warming two streams of air simultaneously. A, A, is the outer shell; B. B,
the division plates for directing the current of air through the stove; C, C,
the surface plates, in four sets, arranged as in Figures 1 and 2; D is the
furnace; E, the smoke flue, passing round the stove in its course to the:
chimney; F, F, are channels for conveying cold air to the stove; and G, G,,
are channels for conveying the warm air to the apartments to be heated.
Figure 5 is a horizontal section or plan; and Figure 6 a vertical section.
of the improved warm-air stove set in a vertical position. A, A, is the shell of.
the stove; B, B, are the division plates of a semicircular shape. They may
also be made of an annular form, the outer diameter of the ring being the.
same as the inner diameter of the stove, whilst the inner diameter of the ring
is of such dimensions as shall leave an opening equal to about half the area of

page_text: the improved warm-air stove. This annular plate is to be fixed at the bottom
of the stove, and a circular plate placed in the centre, leaving an annular
space of about half the area of the stove all round, and another annular plate
is then to be fitted at the top of the stove, like the one at the bottom. The
number of plates will depend upon the vertical height of the stove; C, C, are
the surface plates"; D, is the furnace; E, the smoke flue passing round
the stove in its course to the chimney; F, the channel for admission of
cold air to the stove, and G the channel for conveying warm air therefrom. At
the top of the stove a narrow annular space a, a, is left between the shell of
the stove and its enclosing brickwork extending vertically from the top of the
stove to the angle iron band H. This space is filled with sand to prevent
smoke or other products of combustion getting into the warm-air channel G.
The angle-iron bands at the open mouths of the stove set horizontally are for
the same purpose. The form of stove, with its division plates as before
described, can be fixed horizontally over the furnace. if desired.
Figure 7 is a vertical longitudinal section, and Figure 8 a transverse
vertical section, of another modification of the stove. In this form of the stove
the division plate for directing the current of air in a semi-circular course
through them is supplied by making the stove double: in a vertical direction,
the air entering the lower range and issuing out of the upper. In the
Drawing two stoves are set over one fire, and the number may be increased,
ad infinitum horizontally. A, A, are the shells of the stoves; B, the division
arch; C, C, the surface plates; D, the furnace; E, the smoke flue, encircling
the stoves in its passage to the chimney; F, the channel for the supply of
cold air to the stoves; and G, the channel for conveying warm air from the
stoves. If desired, these warm-air stoves may be combined with any suitable
hot-water heating apparatus or steam generator, so as to be heated by one and
the same fire.
Figures 9 and 10 are vertical sections at right angles to one another,
shewing my improved warm-air stove in combination with a common retort-
shaped hot-water boiler. A is the stove with its division plate and surface
plates as before described (Figures 1 and 2); H is a boiler which may be
used to circulate hot water to systems of pipes for warming apartments at a
distance from the apparatus itself, whereas the air warmed by the improved
stove would be conveyed in channels to those apartments contiguous to the
apparatus; Dis the furnace which heats both boiler and stove; E is the smoke
flue passing round the boiler and stove in its course. to the chimney; F is a
channel for supplying cold air to the stove; and G the channel for conveying
warm air therefrom.

page_text: Figures 11 and 12 are vertical sections at right angles to each other of the
stove in combination with a cylindrical boiler. A is the stove with its division
plate and surface plates as in Figures 1 and 2; H is the hot-water boiler; D,
the furnace; E, the smoke flue passing over and between the stove and hot-
water boiler in its course to the chimney; F and G, the channels for supplying
cold air to and conveying warm air from the stove. The improved warm-air
stove may be combined with a steam boiler in the same manner.
Figures 13 and 14 are sectional plans, and Figure 15 a vertical transverse
section, of the improved warm-air stove in combination with a hot-water
boiler. A is the shell of the stove; B, the division plate; C, C, the surface
plates; F, G, a space for cold and warm-air channels, constructed as in
Figure 1, for passing air through the stove; H is the hot-water boiler; D, the
furnace; and E, E, the smoke-fluo passing round the hot-water boiler and
stove in its passage to the chimney. This form of warm-air stove may be also
combined in the same manner with a steam boiler.
Figure 16 is a transverse vertical section of the improved warm-air stove
in combination with a coil for circulating hot water. A is the stove with
division plate and surface plates as shewn in Figures 1 and 2. The cold and
warm-air channels to and from the stove would be as shewn in Figure 1; H
is the coil of wrought-iron pipe for circulating hot water. This coil may be
single, as shewn on the Drawings, or double or treble as circumstances may
require; D is the furnace; E, the smoke flue heating the coil of wrought-iron
pipe, and also the stove in its course to the chimney.
The improved warm-air stove, as shewn in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8,
also those in combination with hot-water boilers, as shewn in Figures 9, 10,
11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16, may be constructed without "surface plates"
if preferred."
The stove shewn at Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and S, may be used in com-
bination with hot water or steam boilers of any shape, other than those shewn
in the Drawings. The stove (Figures 5 and 6) is, however, specially adapted
for a coil of pipes encircling its exterior.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel
and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the
hercin-before in the part recited Letters Patent is,―
1st, the general constructions and arrangements of warm-air stoves as
herein-before described.
2nd, the application and use to and in the warming of apartments or

page_text: buildings of a stove heated by a fire or other suitable means placed externally
thereto, whilst the air to be warmed passes through the interior of the stove,
as herein-before described and illustrated by my Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Gideon Blake, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Eighth day of November, One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-two.
GIDEON BLAKE. (L.S.)