Improvements in and relating to Looms for Weaving.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 18th May, 1898-Accepted, 1st Oct., 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Looms for Weaving.
I, GIUSEPPE PATRONE, of 1, Stradale di Francia, Turin, in the Kingdom of
Italy, Weaver, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement: —
The object of this invention is to produce, in all fabrics manufactured with
heddles or with Jacquard mechanism, working with one shuttle as well as with
more, a novel effect resulting from an assemblage of the threads at various
points in the surface of the fabric in a manner which is not uniform, by means
of a novel device enabling a greater or smaller number of threads to be brought
together, independently of the tying up or arrangement of the threads of the
fabric itself, and in any desired manner in accordance with a pre-determined
design, in one part of the fabric rather than in another, thus forming figures in
which will be found a larger number of threads than in the ground of the
fabric. These effects may be equally well combined with those of heddle or
Jacquard tying-up, special effects being obtained in each case, and this is effected
in looms for weaving with a single shuttle as well as in looms employing several
shuttles.
Of the various effects obtainable in fabrics by means of this mechanical
device, one of the most in vogue and the most readily produced is a diagonal, in
a cloth fabric for example, in which there may be from 24 to 26 warp threads per
centimetre, whilst there are only about 20 or 21 in the ground. And if the
diagonal effect is not sufficiently visible, it may be rendered more obvious by
employing different colours for the different warp threads. With this method
also crepon effects are obtained according to the design desired. and for this
purpose it is only necessary to increase the number of weft threads inserted per
centimetre or to otherwise increase the weight of the fabric; this effect may
likewise be obtained in accordance with the design itself by assembling so many
threads in a small surface of the fabric that it is forced to crimp.
The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing, which is given by
way of example only, and in which:
Figure 1 is a front elevation, partly in section, of the lathe or batten of a
weaving loom provided with my novel device:
Figure 2 is a vertical cross-section of the same.
Figure 3 is a plan view of the novel device.
Figures 4 and 5 are respectively a front elevation and a vertical cross-section,
upon a larger scale, of a modification of this novel device.
Figure 6 is a perspective view of such modification upon a still larger scale.
The novel device consists essentially of a weaving comb P, provided with
flexible teeth soldered or otherwise connected together in series at their upper
extremities only. and free at their lower extremities which ter-
minate in points, and of a cylinder C upon the surface of which
is formed a series of sinuous grooves the path of which is determined in

page_text: accordance with the design required for the fabric. The lower and free extremi-
ties of the teeth of the comb P engage in the corresponding grooves upon the
cylinder C, passing through a longitudinal slot formed in the tube T which
envelopes and protects the cylinder C for its entire length, leaving it free, how-
ever, to rotate upon itself.
The comb P is arranged upon the lathe or batten N in the same position that
the reed occupies in all weaving looms, and the tube T is arranged beneath the
comb in a mortise expressly formed in the batten itself, and is provided with
ribs L to prevent it from rotating.
The cylinder C is provided at one of its extremities with the pinion D having
helicoidal teeth, actuated by the endless screw V rigidly fixed upon the shaft F
and provided at its lower extremity, which rests freely beneath the batten N
with a ratchet wheel R fixed by means of a pin. Below the breast beam of
the loom and in front of the ratchet wheel R is arranged a pawl K which is
adjustable in the direction of its length, and spring-operated in the usual
manner. At each forward stroke the batten causes the ratchet wheel R to strike
against the pawl K, thus causing it to advance one or more teeth at each blow,
and thereby forcing the cylinder C to rotate upon itself through a certain angle
each time. Owing to this partial and intermittent rotation of the cylinder C,
the points of the teeth of the comb P, which engaged in their grooves, are forced
to become displaced more or less towards either the right hand or the left accord-
ing to the path of the grooves themselves. A lever or handle O fixed upon the
upper extremity of the shaft F enables the operative to actuate the cylinder C
by hand and thus bring back the design to its exact position when it has become
displaced by any means. The support A screwed to the top Q of the comb P,
and the support G screwed beneath the batten N retain in position the shaft F
which is however free to rotate.
The same partial and intermittent rotation of the cylinder C may be equally
well obtained by connecting this latter with the Jacquard mechanism when the
loom is of that type; or by any other suitable device or arrangement, the sub-
stance of the invention not being thereby affected.
The lower extremities of the teeth of the comb P', which strikes the shoot,
being situated at a distance which varies continually, guide the warp threads
in a sinuous direction in the plane of the fabric; this latter will thus have a
different number of threads in various places. The weft threads, pressed back
more or less in the fabric by the vanying number of warp threads, also assume a
sinuous position in a manner similar to the warp.
When the complication of the design is such that a number of grooves equal
to the number of teeth in the comb necessary for and corresponding to the fabric
which it is desired to manufacture, cannot be formed around the cylinder C, and
also when (in order to reduce the cost of production of the said cylinder) it is
desired to diminish the number of such grooves, the modification illustrated in
Figures 4, 6 may be applied. In this modification a portion only of the teeth
extend to and enter with their lower point the grooves corresponding to the said
reduced number of teeth, the intermediate teeth being cut somewhat shorter, con-
nected and caused to participate in the lateral movement of the teeth of normal
length by means of a spiral spring S, each convolution of which is introduced at
the rear between two adjacent teeth, and which is held in position by means of
a block E which is screwed to the batten.
:
In the figures described is represented the arrangement consisting of one 5
normal tooth and two shorter teeth in succession, but it is obvious that this pro-
portion may be varied, to a greater or less extent at will, according to the degree
of complication of the design. In this manner, and owing to the elasticity of the
spiral, which maintains the shorter teeth equidistant between the two normal
teeth which bound them, it is apparent that the shorter teeth 5
are influenced not less than the normal teeth by the path of the corre
sponding grooves and therefore assist in the formation of the design upon the

page_text: fabric, although they are not acted upon directly as are the normal teeth by
the path of the grooves in the cylinder C.
It will of course be understood that the grooves in the cylinder C may be
formed either by cutting them in the mass of a cylinder the external diameter
of which is that of the raised portions or ribs, or by forming the said grooves
separately (in one or more pieces) and then applying them in correspondence
upon a cylinder the diameter of which is equal only to that of the central core.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
'
1. In weaving looms with heddles or with Jacquard mechanism, having one
or more shuttles, a novel device enabling novel effects to be produced in tho
fabrics, characterized by the fact that; The flexible teeth of the comb (P) which
is mounted in its usual position in the top Q of the batten) are equidistant at
their upper extremities which are rigidly connected together, their lower extremi-
ties being free and flexible and entering sinuous grooves formed in a cylinder (C)
which is supported in a suitable manner by the batten (N) itself, the said grooves
being either cut in the mass of a cylinder the external diameter of which is that
of the raised parts or ribs, or formed separately in one or more pieces and applied
in correspondence upon a cylinder the diameter of which is that of the central
core, also by the fact that the said teeth of the comb (P) are guided by the
grooves in the cylinder (C) and forced to approach or recede laterally one from
the other owing to the path of such grooves during the partial rotation of the
cylinder (C) produced at each forward stroke of the batten in any suitable
manner, but preferably by means of the ratchet wheel (R) and pawl (K) which
is adjustable in the direction of its length in order to actuate the said
ratchet wheel to a greater or less extent, ог else by the Jacquard
mechanism, for the purpose of assembling in certain parts of the fabric
(and to remove consequently from other parts of the same) the warp and conse-
quently the weft threads in order to produce in the fabric itself any predeter-
mined design in accordance with which the path of each of the grooves in the
cylinder (C) has been selected, substantially as described and shown in the
drawing.
2. In the novel device described in Claim 1, a constructional form characterized
by the fact that: A part only of the teeth of the comb (P) are of a normal length
enabling them to enter the grooves in the cylinder (C), each of these normal
teeth being interposed between one or a larger number of consecutive teeth of
ess length which do not enter the said grooves but which are connected with the
teeth of normal length and participate to a proportionate degree in their lateral
lisplacements (of mutual approach or separation) by the employment of any
uitable mechanical means, but preferably by means of a spiral spring (S) inter-
posed between each of the teeth this for the purpose either of adapting the
ath of the grooves themselves to a design of greater complexity than would be
possible with a number corresponding with the number of teeth, or simply for
he purpose of reducing the cost of production of the cylinder substantially as
escribed and illustrated in the drawing and for the purposes specified.
Dated this 18th do
1000
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.