IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Lakin, of Ardwick, in the County of
Lancaster, Machinist, and William Henry Rhodes, of Gorton, in
the said County of Lancaster, Mechanic, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON
AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 8th December 1852, and dated the 1st October 1852.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Lakin
and William Henry Rhodes, at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 1st October 1852..
We, ROBERT LAKIN, of Ardwick, in the County of Lancaster, Ma-
chinist, and WILLIAM HENRY RHODES, of Gorton, in the said County of
Lancaster, Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of our Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND
OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES" to be as follows:-
Our said Improvements consist,
First, in causing the driving strap (when the change is made for
taking the carriage in and winding the yarn on the spindles) to be so
far traversed on the fast pulley as to have sufficient power to cause it
to aid in turning the spindles while winding on (though not to turn it
A

page_text: at full speed), whereby the strain on the scroll band or bands is
diminished.
Secondly, in an arrangement to stop the motion of the spindles, and
commence backing off the coils of yarn on the spindles before the
stretch or outward run of the carriage is completed (which we effect by
causing the loose pulley to give motion to the rollers and drawing out
of the carriage), and to vary the time at which the driving strap is tra-
versed on to the loose pulley, and with it the time of commencement of
the backing off, by means of.a lever or arm attached to the shaft on
which the arm of the copping motion is fixed.
Thirdly, in a new construction of a copping or building motion in
which that portion which varies the position of the faller during the
winding on of the yarn is made to vibrate every stretch on a stud.
This stud not only serves for the part to vibrate on, but also to support
that end of the link or arm through which it passes, and to which it is
atttached, the stud itself resting on a shaper plate, the fixing for carry-
ing which is attached to the carriage. Through the other end of the
link or arm another stud or shaft passes and is fastened to it, which
shaft is supported by a fixing attached to the carriage, and also moves
in it when the other end of the arm is raised or lowered by the move-
ment of the shaper plate. To the arm are attached two shaper
plates, one of which is fastened to it, the other moves on a stud.
the arm is raised or lowered the positions of the shaper plates are
varied; by which variation, varying the form of the shaper plates to
suit the form of the cop, and by a joint in that portion of the builder
which raises or lowers the fallers, we are enabled to regulate the time
when the backing off shall cease to a much greater nicety than hereto-
fore.
As
Fourthly, in the new application of a tappet or eccentric to the twist
motion or other convenient part of the machine, for the purpose of tra-
versing the driving strap from the fast to the loose pulley, and thereby
putting the friction motion for backing off into contact more gradually
than heretofore.
Fifthly, in substituting a friction box or motion to drive the scroll
shaft in place of a clutch box, as heretofore used in some constructions
of spinning machines.

page_text: Sixthly, in an arrangement for varying the speed of the faller when
backing off, without changing the snail. On a stud affixed to the cross
or square of the carriage is a pulley, attached to the snail by a chain;
another chain is attached at one end to a moveable stud in the pulley,
and at the other to a lever on the faller; so when the snail draws
the chain attached to the pulley, the chain from the pulley to the lever
draws the faller wire down, and the speed at which the faller will be
moved may be increased or diminished by bringing the stud nearer or
further from the centre of the pulley.
Seventhly, in an arrangement to coil on the spindles the yarn which
is left slack by the rising of the faller wire preparatory to the com-
mencement of the outward rim of the carriage, and which is to prevent.
snarls; and which we accomplish by putting the friction cones. used for
backing off into contact, through which and by suitable wheels the
spindles are caused to turn slowly round during the rise of the fallers,
which is gradual; we also cause the rise of the faller to unlatch or
liberate the strap lever, and thereby to allow the strap to be traversed
on the fast pulley by tlie spring or other moving power, instead of that.
being done by the change motion or carriage, as heretofore..
.
"
Eighthly, in keeping the wheels used for giving motion to the draw-
ing out shaft in geer while backing off, and causing the change motion
which puts the putting up motion into geer to take them out, which
will prevent the two motions being in geer at the same time, and to
steady the carriage while standing out.
Ninthly, in having the fixing (on the boss of which the spring used
for keeping the catch of the winding on motion out of geer during the
outward run of the carriage rotates,) loose and at liberty to move on
the bin roller or other shaft, instead of being fast as at present, whereby
the liability of the catch getting into geer during the backing off is
greatly reduced.
:
.
Tenthly, in fixing an incline to the frame of the head stock with
which at each stretch a finger fastened to the faller comes in contact,
and being raised by passing up the incline, depresses the faller wire
nearly to the spindle point.
Ele enthly, in the application of a regulator to raise the nut on the
2

page_text: screw of the quadrant or radial arm, which regulator causes the nut to
be raised a little at each stretch of the mule or other machine, until the
'cop bottom is formed, and which by means of a shaper plate causes the
nut to be raised in a greater degree at the commencement of forming
the cop, and diminishes in a less degree as the formation of the cop
proceeds until the cop bottom is completed.
Twelfthly, in substituting a link for the chain usually attached to the
'under faller lever.
Thirteenthly, in putting bushes on the foot of the spindle and on the
part of the spindle which revolves in the bolster, to prevent the spindles
from being injured by working in these parts, and which bushes can be
applied to old spindles when worn in those parts, and thus make them
capable of being worked a longer time.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Robert Lakin and William Henry Rhodes, in
the Great Seal Patent Office, on the 1st April 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we,
ROBERT LAKIN, of Ardwick, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist, and
WILLIAM HENRY RHODES, of Gorton, in the said County of Lancaster,
Mechanic, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, did, by
Her Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date the First day of October, One
thousand cight hundred and fifty-two, in the sixteenth year of Her
reign, give and grant unto us, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
Her especial license, full power, sole privilege and authority, that we,
the said Robert Lakin and William Henry Rhodes, our executors, ad-
ministrators, and assigns should and lawfully might, during the term of
fourteen years therein mentioned, make, use, exercise, and vend,
within Her said Majesty's United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, our Invention of "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," in which said Letters Patents is contained a pro-

page_text: viso, that if we, the said Robert Lakin and William Henry Rhodes,
should not particularly describe and ascertain the nature of our said,
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an,
instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand:
and seal of one of us, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal.
Patent Office within six calendar months from the First day of Octo-,
ber, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two,
then the said Letters Patent, and all powers and privileges whatsoever
thereby granted, should utterly cease, determine, and become void, as in
and by the same, relation being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso we, the
said Robert Lakin and William Henry Rhodes, do hereby declare that
the nature of our said Invention, and the manner in which the same is
to be performed, are particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement and description, reference being had to the
Drawings on two Sheets hereunto' annexed; and in which description
and Drawings the same letters and numbers of reference are used to
indicate the same parts in all the Figures in which they occur. The
scales to which the Figures are drawn are stated on the Drawings.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1, is a plan; Figures 2, 3, 4, side elevations; Figure 5, a
front end elevation; Figure 6, a back end elevation of such parts of a-
mule as are requisite to shew our improvements; Figures 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13, and 14, represent detached portions thereof.
Our improvements are applicable to the machines for spinning and
doubling cotton and other fibrous substances of the class in which the
spindles approach to and recede from the drawing rollers, and which
machines are usually known by the names of the mule, stretcher, twiner
and doubler. That part of our improvements which is herein-after
thirteenthly described, is also applicable to the machine commonly
known by the name of the "throstle," and to doublers of that construc--
tion in which the spindles do not approach to and recede from the
drawing rollers. We shall describe our improvements in reference to.

page_text: It is
the mule, as any mechanic conversant with such machinery will be able
to adapt them to the other machines of the kinds adverted to.
also to be understood that our improvements are severally applicable to
mules generally known as self-acting mules, although we shall herein
describe them with immediate reference to a self-acting mule, of the
construction and arrangement referred to in the Specification of an
Invention of Certain Improvements in Machinery used for Preparing,
Spinning, Doubling, and Weaving Cotton and other Fibrous Substances,"
for which we obtained Letters Patent for England, dated the Twelfth
day of October, in the thirteenth year of Her present Majesty's reign,
and which Specification was inrolled on or about the Twelfth day of
April, One thousand eight hundred and fifty. The construction, parts,
and operations of the self-acting mule being familiar to persons conver-
sant with spinning machinery, we shall not herein describe or refer to.
the same further than as may be necessary for the explanation of our
present improvements.
.
To the
We shall now proceed to describe our improvements, which may
be arranged under thirteen divisions. First, to the lever A, is.
attached the bent lever A', through a slot in which the lever A2,
passes. This lever is bevilled near its upper end,. and at its lower
end is connected by a stud to an arm of the crank lever a.
strap lever B, is attached the latch c, on which is a bowl. On the
shaft e, are fastened the lever e', and cranked lever e. The rod a', is
attached to the lower part of the levers a, and e'. On a stud in the
upper part of the lever e, is the latch e', having a notched part on its
lower edge, which rests against the fixing e. On the shaft b, are
fastened the lever ', and cranked lever . The rod , connects the
lever ', and sector C. The spring, is attached to the lever b', and
carriage D. On the shaft d, which forms the axis of the quadrant E,
is fastened the lever d', having a bowl attached to it. When the
backing off takes place, the sector C, is raised by the depression of the
faller until its lower end is high enough to pass over the bowl i, on the
builder, on which the spring b, is free to draw the lever b', and sector
C, in the direction of the arrow; and the lever 1, being fast on the
shaft b, that shaft is partially turned, and with it the cranked lever b

page_text: +
the end of which comes in contact with the stud in the latch and
raises it above the fixing e', on which the spring a, acting on the part
of the lever a, to which it is attached; causes the upper part in which
the pulley a³, rotates to be drawn in the direction of the arrow; and the
lever a, comes in contact with the lower end of the lever A, and pushes
it off the end of the cranked lever F, which causes the backing off
cones to be taken out of contact, and allows the friction box G, to be
put in contact. The twist band has a tendency to move the pulley a', in
the direction of the arrow, and thereby aids the spring. a, in that
operation. When the lever A is moved the lever A', moves with it in
the direction of the arrow, and causes the lever A², through the bowl on
the latch c, to act on it, and the strap lever B, which will cause the
strap to be partially traversed on the fast pulley H, and thereby cause it
to aid in turning the spindles while winding on." Care must be taken:
so to arrange the parts that the strap may be only so far traversed on.
the fast pulley as to have sufficient power to aid in turning the spindles
while, winding on (though not to be able to turn it at full speed, by
which means the strain on the scroll band is diminished). As the
carriage is taken in, the quadrant E, is moved, and with it. the shaft d,
and lever d', the bowl of which acting on the end of the cranked lever.
e, depresses it; and through the shaft e, lever.e', and rod a', draws the
lever a, in the contrary direction to that denoted by the arrow; and the.
lever A, being attached to an arm of the lever a, is thereby raised..
By bevelling the lever A, at that. part where it comes in contact. with.
the bowl on the latch e, as the lever A2, is raised, it allows the spring
B', attached to the strap lever gradually to draw the strap from being
partially on the fast and loose pullies, that by the time the carriage has
arrived at the beam the strap may be entirely on the loose one. The
bowl of the lever d', must be so placed as to act on the lever e, suffi-
ciently to cause the latch e, to be traversed so far forward that the
notched part of it will be brought in front of the fixing e, so as to hold
the latch in that position during the coming out of the carriage, and
until it is again liberated, as before described. And in reference to this
first part of our said improvements, we declare that we claim as of our
Invention the arrangement and combination of mechanism for causing

page_text: the driving strap (when the change is made for taking the carriage in
and winding the yarn on the spindles) to be so far traversed on the fast
pulley as to have sufficient power to cause that pulley to aid the scroll
band in turning the spindles to wind on (though not sufficient to turn
the pulley at full speed), so that the winding on is produced by the
combined action of the scroll band and the fast pulley, and the strain
on the scroll band thereby diminished.
Secondly, the fast pulley H, and rim or twist pulley H', are fast
on the rim shaft, on which is also the loose pulley H. This pulley
we inake with a boss sufficiently long to have placed upon it not
only the pinion f, used for making some of the changes in the
working of the mulc, and putting the carriage up, but also the
bevil f¹, used for giving motion to the rollers and taking the carriage
out see Fig. 14. To the lower part of the strap lever B, is
attached the lever B2, the other end of which is supported by the
fixing g; it has a notched part, which rests against the fixing, and
prevents the spring B', from traversing the strap until the notched part
is raised, as hereafter explained. On the shaft or axis h, of the arm I,
of the builder, is fastened the lever . The lever h³, swivels on a stud
in the, fixing h. The rod h', connects the levers h³, and h². When
using this arrangement we do not use the eccentric B³, and latches c,
and c. As the carriage proceeds out, the bowl on the level h, comes
in contact with the bevilled end of the lever B², and raises it up. When
raised sufficiently high to allow the notched part of it to pass the fixing g
the spring B', pulls the lever B, and traverses the strap which previously
was partially on the fast pulley, wholly on the loose one, and puts the
backing off cones into contact. As the cop is formed the arm I, of the
builder is gradually lowered, and its axis h, and lever ', fastened on it
are also moved in the direction of the arrow; the lever h, being connected
to it by the rod h', is also moved in the direction of the arrow, by which
means the bowl on the lever l, is caused to lift the lever B, a little
later each stretch, by which means the operations of traversing the
strap, and putting the backing off cones into contact, are correspon-
dently varied. By placing the bevil f", on the boss of the loose pulley
H, it will be obvious that motion can be given to the rollers and

page_text: drawing out of the carriage when the strap is traversed wholly on the
loose pulley, which could not be in the arrangement described in the
Specification of our former Patent, where the bevil f', is fastened on
the rim shaft; for as the motion of the rim shaft ceases when the strap
is traversed on the loose pulley, so also would that of the bevil f. By
this arrangement we are enabled to traverse the strap from being par-
tially on each of the fast and loose pullies to the loose pulley only;
when the motion given to the spindles will cease, and the backing off
commence before the outward run of the carriage is completed, instead
of afterwards as heretofore, whereby a saving of time is effected. This
arrangement is only applicable when spinning coarse or other yarns,
when sufficient twist can be given to the yarn for the whole stretch
before the outward stretch is completed. And in reference to this
second part of our said improvements, we declare that we claim as
of our Invention, the arrangement or combination of mechanism for
causing the loose pulley to give motion to the rollers, and to effect the
drawing out of the carriage, whereby we are enabled to stop the
motion of the spindles, and commence backing off before the outward
run of the carriage is completed, and also vary the time of commence-
ment of the backing off, through the motion of the shaft or axis of
the arm on which the copping or builder motion is attached.
Thirdly to the carriage front is fastened the fixing J, to which is
fastened the bracket J, in bearings on which the screw j, revolves. On
this screw is the nut 2, attached to the shaper plate 1, which slides in
a groove of the bracket J. Through bearings in the fixing J, the shaft
h, passes, and is supported; this shaft forms an axis for the arm I, the
other end of which is supported by the hollow stud 3, fastened to it,
one end of which rests upon and is supported by the shaper plate j¹.
The stud 3, also passes through and supports the vibrating lever or
arm K, on a stud in which the shaper plate j, moves, the other end of
which rests upon the cranked lever k, which also moves on a stud in
the arm K. The bolt 1, passes through the hollow stud 3, and through
the lower arm of the lever k, and has a nut screwed on behind the
lever k, to regulate its movement. In the head of the bolt is a groove
into which the shaper plate ", enters; this shaper plate moves on a stud

page_text: projecting from the shaper plate j. On a stud in the fixing J, the
lever, swivels through a slot in which a stud screwed in the nut 2,
passes at the upper end of the lever ², is a stud on which the lever
³, moves on a stud. Near the end of the lever, are the bowls i, and
the spring, keeps the bowl i", resting on the shaper plate j³, and
the bowl i, supports the sector or lever C, during the going in of the
carriage, and the winding on of the yarn. On a stud in a fixing bolted
to the carriage back is the quadrant L, which receives motion from the
pinion 4, on the arbor of the wheel L. The rod L, connects the
quadrant L, and arm K. As the carriage moves out, the wheel L',
receives motion from the rack L, and through the pinion 4, quadrant
L, and rod L2, communicates motion to the vibrating lever K, and
when the carriage has completed its outward run, is brought into the
position shewn in Figure 9, where it is ready for the backing off to
commence, which is done in the usual way by putting the backing off
cones into contact, which gives motion to the tin roller shaft, and
causes the snail m, through the chain, m', pulley m², chain m³, and
lever m', to depress the faller, which it continues to do until the sector
or arm C, is raised above the bowl i, on which, as before named, the
spring, draws the sector forward over the bowl, and which through
the shaft b, moves the lever 6, in the direction of the arrow, which
slackens the chain m³, and causes the depression of the faller to cease.
As the carriage goes in, the quadrant L, receives motion in a contrary.
direction to what it had in coming out, and acting on the lever K,
causes it to move, and with it the shaper plate, and the bowl i,
resting on that shaper plate, is raised and lowered agreeably to the form
of the shaper plate, which must be filed to suit the form of cop
required; and the bowl i, on the same stud as the bowl i, being also
raised and lowered at the same time, acts on the sector C, and causes
the faller to vary its position during the winding on of the yarn, to suit
the form of the cop. At the commencement of forming a set of cops
the yarn has to be wound on the bare spindle, at which time it is usual
to commence with what is termed a short bottom, when the faller does
not require so much motion. The length of cone is gradually increased
as it is formed, and a corresponding increase of motion to the faller is

page_text: required. This we effect, as, follows: At the commencement of a set
of, cops the builder is set in the position indicated by black lines in
Figure 9, where the incline on the shaper plate ", acting on the bolt 1,
draws it outward,, and the nut at its outward end acting on the end of
the lever k, draws it with it, and raises the end on which the shaper
plate j, rests, and that shaper plate at its end being elevated less
motion is given to the faller. Each stretch of the mule the ratchet
wheel 5, is as usual moved a tooth, which gradually moves the screw j
and causes the nut 2, to be moved, and with it the shaper plates.j',
and nearer to the carriage. The pressure of the sector C, on the
bowl i, has a tendency to force the end of the shaper plate j", which
rests upon one end of the lever l, down; which pressure acting on the
lever, causes the other end of it.to draw the bolt 7, with, it, as quick;
as the incline on the shaper plate 3, will allow; and the end of the>
shaper plate, being thereby gradually lowered, the length of the cone
will be increased. When the cone has been sufficiently lengthened;
the shaper plate, must be so formed as not to allow any further
motion to the bolt during the building. of the cop. Should it be re-
quired, as is sometimes the case, to shorten the length of the cone.
before the completion of the cop, then an incline in the opposite:
direction to that shewn in Figure 10, must be made on the shaper plate
3, to act on the bolt 1, and draw it and the end of the lever k, with it,;
causing the other end of the lever through which it passes to be clevated,
and thereby raise the shaper plate, which, as before explained, will
give less motion to the faller. From the foregoing it will be seen that
by altering the form of the inclines on the shaper, plate 3, the length-
ening or shortening of the length of cone can be varied at pleasure; and
if no variation be required, then the shaper plate ", must be so made as
to give no motion to the bolt . The mode of causing the faller to be:
depressed a little less at each stretch so as to form a cop, is by the
shaper plate, which is similar to those at present. in use, and which.
being moved as before explained a little each stretch, the stud 3, on
which the arm K, vibrates is lowered by descending the incline of that
shaper plate, and thus causes the faller to be depressed a little less. At.
the commencement of forming a set of cops the lever , bowl ', and.

page_text: lever K, are in the position shewn in black lines, and when the cop is
formed they are in the position shewn in red lines: see Figure 9. This
change of position is caused by the movement of the shaper plate j', the
stud 3, in the arm I, being gradually lowered, and with it the lever K
and as the arm I, moves on its axis h, the stud moves in a circle, and
gradually moves further from the carriage, which, if the bowl i, was not
also moved forward, would cause it to vary its position to the shaper
plate j, materially from the commencement to the finish of the cop; but
as the shaper plate, moves, the stud in the nut 2, acting on the lever
k², moves it with it, and causes the lever ³, and bowl ', to be moved
forward. We do not, however, cause the bowl ', to move as far for-
ward as the shaper plate j, moves from it; the consequence is, the bowl
, moves off the shaper plate j, and comes in contact with the part *,
of the arm K, shewn in Figure 9, which part may either be a part of
the arm or a piece bolted to it, and thus forms what may be termed a
fixed shaper plate, for by altering the shape at that part the time of
locking the faller and stopping the backing off can be varied. And in
reference to this third part of our said improvements, we declare that
we claim as of our Invention the combination or arrangement of
mechanism described, forming the copping or builder motion for
determining the form of the cop, wherein the arm on which is placed
the shaper plate (used for varying the position of the faller during the
winding on), is made to vibrate at every stretch on a stud, and in
causing the arm on which such stud is placed to be supported at one
end by a shaft, and at the other to be raised or lowered by the motion
of the shaper plate '.
Fourthly the eccentric B³, is fastened on the twist shaft 7, and
revolves with it. One end of each of the latches c, and c¹, rest on a
stud in the strap lever B. The latch c', rests and slides in a groove
of the fixing c, and has a notch which comes against the fixing c².
Through a slot in the latch c, the twist shaft passes and supports it.
When spinning, the twist shaft receives motion by geering from the
rim shaft in the usual way; and as it revolves a tappett placed on
the boss of the eccentric comes against the under side of the latch
c, and raises it up, so that the notched end of it, which previously

page_text: #
rested against the fixing c², being raised above it, is at liberty to pass by
it, and which when done leaves the spring B', at liberty to pull the strap
lever B, and traverse the strap from the fast to the loose pulley, and
which it would immediately do, but the projection at the end of the
latch c, coming against the eccentric B³, prevents it, except at such
time and at such speed as the eccentric in revolving permits. The
strap lever is used not only to traverse the strap, but also to allow the
backing off cones to be put into contact, for as the strap lever is moved
it raises the lever D', and as it is raised the lower end, being bevilled,
moves outward, and in so doing allows the spring D, to put the back-
ing off. cones into contact. It will be evident that the introduction of
this eccentric enables us to regulate the speed at which the strap shall
bé traversed from the fast to the loose pulley, for by varying the form
of the eccentric at *, the speed can be varied at pleasure, and thus, in-
stead of allowing the spring B', to act on the strap lever suddenly as at
present, the eccentric enables us to do it gradually, and as the move-
ment of the strap lever to traverse the strap is used to allow the back-
ing off cones to be put into contact, they will also be put into contact
more gradually. And in reference to this fourth part of our said ini-
provements, we declare that we claim as of our Invention the appli-
cation of an eccentric tappet for traversing the driving strap, and putting
the backing off cones into contact more gradually than heretofore.
Fifthly: G, is a friction box, through which motion is communicated
to the scroll shaft instead of by the clutch box described by us in our
former Specification, and as the apparatus therein described for putting
the clutch box in and out of geer will answer for putting the friction
box in and out, we need not describe the same. The advantage of using
a friction box is that it can be arranged to have no more power than
is required to put the carriage up, and if any obstruction occurs to the
carriage in going up, it will slip and prevent breakage. And in reference.
to this fifth part of our said improvements, we declare that we claim.
as of our Invention the application of a friction box or friction motion
in place of a clutch box, to drive the scroll shaft, as herein explained..
Sixthly the chain m', is attached to the snail m, and pulley m²,
and the chain m³, is attached to a stud in the pulley m², and to the.

page_text: lever m, fixed on the faller; when the backing off takes place, the snail
m, receives motion, and through the chain m² pulley m², chain m³, and
lever m, communicates it to the faller. It will be obvious that the
speed given to the faller may be increased or diminished by placing
the stud in the pulley m², nearer to or further from its centre. The same
effect may be produced by having the pulley m², made with several
grooves, of different diameters, in the form of a cone, and by attaching
the chain m³, to one of such grooves instead of the stud, as the speed
will be varied by attaching it to a groove of a larger or smaller dia-
meter. In Figure 2, we have shewn the pulley with the stud, and in
Figure 1, a pulley with several grooves of different diameters. And
in reference to this sixth part of our said improvements, we declare
that we claim as of our Invention the connecting or combining the
chain from the snail (used for depressing the faller when the backing
off takes place) with a pulley from a stud or point of attachment on
which another chain is taken to the lever on the faller, whereby we are
enabled, by placing the stud or point of attachment nearer to or further
from the centre of the pulley, to increase or diminish the speed at which
the faller shall be moved.
-Seventhly on the shaft M, which is stationary, the pullies, M';
and M, revolve; they each have in the inside a bevel wheel cast on
them, see Figures 11, and 12; and to the pulley M', is also cast the
pinion n, which geers with the wheel H³; of the backing off cone, and
to which it gives motion. On the shaft M, a boss which is bored
out, and has a stud passing through it on which the bevel n³, rotates;
this bevel is of such size as to geer with the bevel wheels n³. The
pullies M, and M², receive motion from strap driven from the
counter shaft which drives the mule; and it will be obvious that though
the strap causes the pullies, whichever it may be on, to revolve in the
same direction in which the strap itself travels, the other pulley being
driven by the bevel n', will revolve in the contrary direction to the
pulley driven by the strap, whichever it may be on. The three-armed
lever M³, vibrates on the shaft s. A. stud in the 'arm 6, passes into a
groove of the snail M, which is fast on the drawing out shaft N. The
springs G³, and G, are attached to the strap lever B, and the lever M³.

page_text: On the shaft 1, are fastened the levers N³, and N, so as in effect
to form a cranked lever. The link s¹, connects the levers N¹, and M.
The spring N³, has a plate fastened to it, in which are two recesses,
in one of which the lever N2, rests, after being moved, as herein-
after explained, on a stud at the lower part of the lever A. The
léver d, swivels; it has a bowl at one end, and at the other is
connected to the lever D¹. When the carriage commences going
out the strap is on the pulley M2, and the stud in the arm 6,. of the
lever M³, rests on the top of the snail M*; but as the carriage goes in
the snail, receiving motion from the drawing out shaft, the stud enters
the groove of the snail, and as the snail revolves, the stud and with
it the arm 6, of the lever M³, is thereby depressed, and the arm of
this lever is moved in the direction of the arrow, so that by the time
the carriage is fully out the spring G', being allowed to contract, ceases
to act, while on the other hand the spring G², being further extended
by the motion of the other arm of the lever M³, its power of action on
the strap lever B, is increased. As the arm 6, is depressed, it draws
with it the link s¹, lever N', and shaft r, and causes the lever N2; to,
move out of the recess in the plate of the spring N³, in which it was,
into the other, and thereby traverse the strap from the pulley M²; to
the pulley M, which will be ready when the backing off cones are put
in contact to give motion to them in the right direction. The cones are
put in contact by the raising of the lever D', as before explained. As the
carriage goes in during the winding on the snail M, receives motion in,
the opposite direction, which causes the snail to raise the stud in the
arm 6, of the lever M³; and by the time the carriage has completed its
inward run the stud will again be on the outside of the snail, and,
through the link s', lever N', and shaft, the lever N, will also have
been moved back into the other recess in the plate, and the strap will
be traversed from the pulley M', to the pulley M2, when motion will be.
given to the wheel II, in the reverse direction. The arm of the.
lever M³, will also have been moved in the contrary direction, which
will cause the spring G¹, to act on the strap lever B, and the.
spring G, to cease to do so. Previous to the commencement of the.
inward run of the carriage the strap is traversed wholly on to the loose.

page_text: pulley by the strap lever B, which is moved forward, and moves with
it to the lever B', attached to it, when a notched part of it at its under
side comes in front of the fixing g', and holds the lever in that position
until liberated, as hereafter described. At the completion of the inward
run of the carriage the change motion takes the friction box G, out of
contact, and in so doing lifts the end of the cranked lever F, withi
which it is connected, and depresses the other from its position before
the lower end of the lever A, and allows the spring D, to put the
backing off cones into contact, when motion will be given to the
spindles, and thus the yarn is wound on the spindles and the faller
raised. As the faller rises a bowl at the end of the lever p, fast on
it also rises, and comes in contact with the bowl on the lever B, and
raises its notched part above the fixing g', whereupon the spring G,
acts on the strap lever B, and causes the strap to be traversed partially
on to the fast pulley. As the strap lever B, is traversed, the lever D', is
depressed, and with it the end of the lever d², to which it is attached,
on which the bowl at its other end comes in contact with the lever F
and forces the lever A, from being so far over the lever F, and pulls
the backing off cones out of contact. And in reference to this seventh
part of our said improvements, we declare that we claim as of our in-
vention the mode herein described of combining mechanism for putting
the backing off cones into contact, and giving them a reverse motion to
that which they have when backing off, thus giving motion to the
spindles during the rise of the faller, and causing the rise of the faller
to unlatch the strap lever to allow the strap to be traversed. We do not,
however, claim the giving motion to the spindles during the rising of
the faller, that in itself not being new.
.
Eighthly the pinion o, is keyed on the front roller shaft. On
studs in the vibrating arm P, the carrier wheels o', 0, and 93,
revolve, and communicate motion to the wheel o', keyed on the
drawing out shaft N. The fixing w, serves as a guide for one
end of the vibrating arm to inove in, and has a screw for it to
rest on when the wheels 03, and o', are in geer, and to regulate the
depth the teeth must be in geer. Fast on the shaft Q, are the levers
82, S3, and st The rod Q, connects the levers s2, and F; on this

page_text: rod is a lever which passes into a groove of the upper part of the
frition box G, and is for the purpose of putting the friction box.in and
out of geer. The lever F, is fast on one end of the shaft R, as is also at
the other the lever R', which is acted upon by the spring R². When
spinning, the pinion o, through the wheels 'o', 0, 0, and o, gives motion
to the drawing out shaft; when the carriage has completed it's outward
run, the clutch box on the front roller shaft is taken out of geer in the
usual way, which stops the motion of the rollers and the drawing out
shaft. In the arrangement described in our former Specification the
vibrating arm and wheels on it were lifted up out of geer with the wheel
ot, at the same tiine when the clutch box on the roller shaft was taken
out of geer, which left the drawing out shaft at liberty, and the
carriage, by the action of the yarn on the spindles, had a tendency to go
inwards; but in our present arrangement the arm is not lifted until the
backing off has taken place, and the wheels 'o, and o, being left in
geer, the drawing out shaft cannot move, which gives a steadiness to
the carriage. When the backing off is completed, as before described, an
arm of the lever a, comes in contact with the lever A, and presses it off
the lever F, when the spring R, acting on the lever R¹, causes it to move,
and with it the shaft R, and lever F, which lever draws down the
rod Q', and with it the levers, and s; the lever s puts the friction
box G, in contact, and the levers, moves the shaft Q, and levers,
which acting on the under side of the arm P, lifts it up, and with it the
wheel o, out of geer with the wheel o. The levers s², and s³, must be
So fastened on the shaft Q, that the arm P, will be lifted up, and the
wheel o³, out of geer before the friction box G, is put in contact. When
the carriage arrives at the beam, the change motion is put in action to
cause the clutch box on the roller shaft to be put in geer, and at the
same time the levers, on the eccentric of the clutch box O, lifts up the
lever O', when the projection on the lever O, comes in contact with the
levers, and moves it and the shaft Q, when the lever s³, is lowered, and
allows the arm P, to descend, and put the wheels o³, and o', in geër
ready for drawing out, and the levers, is raised, and with it the rod Q',
and levers, and F, attached to it, and the friction box G, is also taken
out of contact. We also apply the following to ensure the wheels o³,
B
ין

page_text: and o, being taken out of geer, provided any accident occurs or change
takes place The lever T, at one end moves on and is supported by the
shafts at the other it has a projection which passes in the groove of
the snail T, cast on the wheel . On the stud V, is the stop T. At
the commencement of the outward run of the carriage the projection
of the lever T, which rests on the snail T', is at its lowest point; as the
carriage comes out the wheel o' revolves, and with it the snail T',
which raises the lever T. When the outward run of the carriage is
completed, the change motion should stop the motion of the wheels
0, 0, 0, 0, and o; should this not take place, the wheel ', would con-
tinue to give motion to the drawing out shaft, and some accident would
occur; should the motion to the wheel o, be continued, the snail on it
would continue giving motion to the lever T, which would be raised and
brought in contact with the stop T, and would thereby lift it, and the
arm P, and the wheel o³, until it was out of geer with the wheel o, when
the motion of the drawing out shaft would cease. And in reference
to this eighth part of our said improvements, we declare that we claim
as of our Invention, the combination of mechanism herein described,
whereby the wheels used for giving motion to the drawing out shaft are
kept in geer during the backing off, and the carriage is thus kept steady
whilst standing out, and whereby the changed motion which puts the
putting up motion in geer is made to take the said wheels out of geer
(thus preventing the two motions being in geer at the same time).
Ninthly the bush U, is loose on the tin roller shaft, in a groove of
which the spring t, rotates. The bush U, has an arm, in which, near
the end, is a stud which passes through a slot in the link t', which
vibrates in a bracket attached to the carriage square S. When the
mule is spinning, the spring t, is carried round by the stud, on which
swivels the click which takes into the ratchet wheel t, used for winding
The friction of the spring on the bush U, in revolving, is sufficient
to carry the bush with it, which it does until the stud in its arm comes
in contact with the upper part of the slot in the link t', and prevents its
further rise. The bush U, as heretofore applied, is fixed, and forms a
bearing for the tin roller shaft; the consequence is, that, should the car-
riage when stopped receive a check sufficient to give an inward motion to
oll.

page_text: cause the winding on chain to act, the click is forced into contact with
a tooth of the ratchet wheel, and thereby prevents the backing off taking
place; but in this arrangement the arm of the bush has to descend until
the stud in it has reached the bottom of the slot in the link before the
click can come in contact with a tooth of the ratchet. By causing
motion to be given to the arm to make it descend quickly just as the
backing off is finished, we can also make it to take into a tooth of the
ratchet earlier, ready for the winding on. And in reference to this
ninth part of our said improvements, we declare that we claim as of our
Invention the causing of the bush or fixing (on the boss of which the
spring used for keeping the catch of the winding on motion out of geer
during the outward run of the carriage rotates) to be loose or moveable
at times, and at liberty to move on the tin roller shaft or other shaft,
instead of being fast, as at present.
.
Tenthly the finger V, is fastened to the faller, and has at its
other end a bowl attached to it; and V₁, is an incline fastened to the
frame side of the headstock. The finger is so placed on the faller
that as the mule proceeds outwards the bowl will come in contact
with the lower part of the incline; and as it proceeds, the bowl
passing up the incline will be raised and the faller wire depressed.
The amount of motion to be given to the faller can be varied, either
by varying the amount of incline, or by causing the bowl to pass some
distance over the incline before it comes in contact with it. And in
reference to this tenth part of our said improvements, we declare that
we claim as of our Invention the combining of an incline with the frame
side for the purpose of depressing the faller wire nearer the spindle point
by the time the carriage has completed its outward run.
Eleventhly in the fixing W, fastened to the floor, the screwz, revolves.
On it are the ratchet wheel a, and the nut ; a stud from this nut passes
through a slot in a bar of the fixing W. The shaper plate X, swivels on
a stud in the upright arm of the fixing W, and its lower edge rests on the
stud in the nut u. On a stud in the fixing W, the cranked lever W',
swivels; in its upper arm is a slot, in which a stud is fastened, on which
the pulley w, rotates.. The lower arm of the lever W¹, rests on a pro-
jection cast on the side of the shaper plate X. In a line with the axis. of
R 9

page_text: the quadrant E, is a stud, on which rotates the barrel, vl, and bevil
wheel w. To the side of the barrel next the bevil wheel is a catch,
which takes into a tooth of a ratchet wheel fast on the side of the bevil
wheel next the barrel. The ratchet wheel and catch are not shewn
in the Drawing, but must be so placed that when the barrel v', receives
motion,, as hereafter explained, the catch will take into a tooth of the
ratchet wheel, and take the bevil w", with it. To the upright arm of the
fixing the band X, is attached; it passes over the pulley w', and then is
As the band
coiled round and fastened to the barrel v. The band X, at one-end is
attached to the barrel v', is passed over the pulley, and at the other
end has the weight, attached to it. At the commencement of spinning
a set of cops the screwz, must be turned so as to bring the nut u, to
the end of the screw nearest the ratchet wheel, when the stud in it will
allow the shaper plate X, to descend its greatest distance: As the car-
riage goes in the radial arm moves in the direction of the arrow, and
also the bracket U', which is attached to it. This bracket comes against
the stud, in the slot of the lever W, on which the pulley w¹, rotates and
inoves the lever and pulley with it, which causes the pulley w¹, to draw
the band X, off the barrel v¹, and in so doing turns the barrel and the
catch on it, taking into a tooth of the ratchet wheel fast to the bevil ²;
that bevil is turned, and with it the bevil w³, fast on the screw; the
screw being thus turned, the nuit on it will be raised.
X, is wound off, the band X, will he wound on the barrel v', and the
weight, raised. As the carriage comes out the radial arm is moved
back, and with it the bracket U', which allows the weight v³, to draw
the band X, off' the barrel v, and move it with it, when the band X',
will be wound on the barrel v¹, and draw the pulley w', and lever W¹,
with it, until such time as its lower arm comes in contact with the pro-
jection on the shaper plate X, which prevents its further descent. As the
band X, is drawn off and moves the barrel v, the catch on it passes
over the teeth in the ratchet wheel on the bevil w², and thereby gives it
no motion. As the carriage comes out a bracket attached to it, which
is bevelled, comes in contact with the under side of the end of the lever
2, nearest the carriage, and lifts it up, when a catch at its other end
comes in contact with a tooth of the ratchet wheel, and moves it a

page_text: tooth, and with it the screw, which causes the nut u, and the stud in
it, to be traversed farther from the ratchet wheel, which acting on the
under side of the shaper plate X, slightly raises it, and the lever W₁, by
which means the lever W, will, each stretch, when brought back by the
weight, and band X2, be able to descend'a less distance than it could
the previous stretch. The lever W, being able to return a less distance
each stretch, it will be evident that the bracket U', will each stretch come
in-contact with the stud in the arm W', a little later than the preceding
one, and consequently will draw less of the band X', off the barrel v',
and less motion is given to the nut on the screw. When the
cop bottom is formed, the position of the nut on the screw of the radial
arm does not require varying, and the operative must at that time see.
that the lever W', is in that position that the bracket in the radial arm
will give no motion to it as the carriage goes in 'and lift the catch of the
ratchet wheel a, and stop the motion of the nut.. By varying the form of
the shaper plate X, the amount of variation of motion to be given to the
nut, can be varied; and by varying the position of the stud in the slot.
of the lever W', so as to raise or lower the pulley w', that pulley will
draw more or less band off the barrel v. And in reference to this
eleventh part of our said improvements, we declare that we claim as of
our Invention the application of mechanism in combination with the
quadrant or radial arm for giving motion to the nut each stretch of the
carriage during the formation of the bottom of the cop, and which
motion is greatest at the commencement of winding on on the bare
spindles, and continues to be gradually diminished as the formation of
the cop bottom progresses.
moves.
:
Twelfthly on a stud in a fixing on the carriage end the lever Y,
The finger y, is attached to the under faller. The link y'.
at its lower end, is attached to the lever Y, and the hook in its upper
part passes within a groove of a stud in the finger y. As the carriage
goes in, the end of the lever Y, to which the link y', is attached, comes
in contact with the roller beam, and is thereby depressed, and with
it the link y', and finger y. Instead of the link y', as used by us, a
chain is generally applied, which sometimes becomes entangled, and
thereby causes the under faller to be depressed too soon, which the

page_text: use of a link prevents, and having a screw in the link we are enabled
to adjust it to the required length with greater case and accuracy
than with a chain. And in reference to this twelfth part of our
said improvements, we declare that we claim as of our Invention the
application of a rod or link in substitution of the chain usually attached
to the under faller, by which derangement is prevented.
Thirteenthly on the mule spindle Z, are the bush or hoop Z', put on
that part which revolves in the bolster plate, and the bush or hoop Z³,
at the bottom or foot of the spindle. These parts are those which are
soonest worn out, and by making spindles with bushes we are able to
renew such parts when worn as often as the other portion of the spindle
remains good. And in reference to this thirteenth part of our said
improvements, we declare that we claim as of our Invention the appli-
cation of bushes to spindles of spinning machinery, the one at the
bottom of the spindle, and the other on that portion of it which revolves
in the bolster plate.
In witness whereof, we, the said Robert Lakin and William
Henry Rhodes, have hereto set our respective hands and
seals, this Thirty-first day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
WILLIAM HENRY RHODES. (L.s.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
above-named Robert Lakin and
William Henry Rhodes, in the
presence of
EDWARD ASTON,
Attorney-at-Law,
Manchester.