matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRESERVATION OF ANIMAL FOOD IN A FRESH STATE
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Morgan-Brown at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th June 1877. A communication
from abroad by Edward Georges, Chomist, of Paris, France.
WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN, of the Firm of Brandon and Morgan-Brown, Engineers
and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton Buildings, London, and 1, Rue Laffitte, Paris.
" IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRESERVATION OF ANIMAL FOOD IN A FRESH STATE." [A
communication from abroad by Edward Georges, Chemist, of Paris, France.]
The nature of this Invention relates,―
Firstly. To a powder composed of the following chemical ingredients, viz. :—
Chloride of sodium
Acetate of soda
Azotate of potash
Chlorhydric acid, pure
Or a powder containing the same chemical
Chloride of sodium
Acetate of soda
Nitrate of potash
-
fifty parts by weight.
thirty-five parts by weight.
two parts by weight.
ten parts by weight.
ingredients, viz. :--
56.50 parts by weight.
20 parts by weight.
2 parts by weight.
Secondly. To the preparations of the said powders. In one case these salts are
dissolved, or their chemical equivalents, in a sufficient quantity of water; filter the
solution obtained and evaporate carefully, mixing or agitating it in the meanwhile
until a dry solution is obtained, which is lastly pulverized and passed through a
sieve; or in order to simplify this operation these salts or their chemical equivalents
may be treated by dry dessication, and lastly pulverised and passed through a
sieve.
Thirdly. To the application of this powder or its chemical equivalent, for which
purpose, with the view of preserving butchers' meat, poultry, game, or fish, the said
powder is rubbed on the entire surfaces of these provisions in the proportion of one
to two per cent. of the former to one hundred of the latter. The exact amount of
powder to be employed, which is easily ascertained by practice, depends on different
circumstances, such as how long the animal has been killed, the volume of each
piece of meat or other food, the temperature, and state of the atmosphere.
AN IMPROVED DRESS HOLDER
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Albert Mills at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st September 1877.
"AN IMPROVED DRESS HOLDER."
GEORGE ALBERT MILLS, of Cheapside, London.
The object of this Invention is to provide an improved clip, and a more ready
means of suspending and regulating the height of suspension of ladies' dresses and
other garments, and thereby supersede the present tedious and troublesome custom
of having to detach and re-attach the clip of the holder every time it is required to
alter the height at which the garment is suspended. For this purpose I employ a
clip which with the exception of the mountings herein-after mentioned I make of a
single piece of metal, preferably wire, which at the closed end is bent round spirally
so as to form a spiral spring.
The stems or legs of the holder are curved in such manner that they are kept
closed by the spiral spring, and are opened by pressure from the outside towards
the inside, and not drawn open outwards as is usually the case. When closed, the
shape of the clip would be somewhat similar to the figure 8, surmounted by a
small circle representing the spiral spring. The mountings which I attach are flat
pieces of metal, one at each jaw of the clip, and one at each of the points where
pressure is applied for opening the clip.
I attach the clip to one end of a chain or other kind of attachment of suitable
length, and at the other end a ring, ornamental or otherwise, and of such dimensions
as to allow of it being held conveniently in the hand.
In conjunction with the above-mentioned portion of my improved dress holder
a hook or catch is worn at the waist, or in any other suitable position, on which the
ring may be hung when it is preferred not to carry the same in the hand, or when
it is requisite to suspend the garment at a greater height than is convenient by
hand.
Instead of one hook or catch a series of hooks may be worn, one above the other,
at different heights, the height at which the garment is suspended being regulated by
shifting the ring from one to the other of the hooks as may be convenient.
I prefer to make the hooks in such manner that they have an ornamental
appearance, but I do not bind myself to this particular method.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUCKETS, CANS, AND OTHER METALLIC VESSELS OR RECEPTACLES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harry Jones Harman at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st October 1877..
HARRY JONES HARMAN, of Queen Victoria Street, in the City of London, Civil
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BUCKETS, CANS, AND OTHER METALLIC VESSELS OR
RECEPTACLES."
My Invention relates to metallic vessels or receptacles, such 'for example as
buckets or pails, cans, barrels, tanks, and the like for containing either liquids,
solids, or other substances, and it consists of an improved method of constructing
the sides of such vessels or receptacles, whereby greatly increased strength is
economically obtained.
According to one modification I construct the sides of the metallic vessels or
receptacles of plates or sheets having one or more corrugations produced therein in
such a direction that when the vessel or receptacle is completed the corrugation
or corrugations will extend circumferentially around the same.
In the case of vessels or receptacles usually constructed of a conical form the cor-
rugations are by preference made of a stepped shape, but it is obvious that the form
may be varied according to the nature and requirements of the vessel or receptacle,
and the purpose to which it is to be applied.
According to another modification I strengthen the sides of existing or other
metallic vessels or receptacles of ordinary construction by attaching thereto one or
more flanged semi-tubular hoops, the flanges facilitating the attachment of the
hoops to the sides of the vessel or receptacle, whilst the tubular shape provides great
strength with a minimum of weight.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING TIPPING APPARATUS, FOR CORVES, WAGONS, AND THE LIKE, AS USED IN CONNECTION WITH HOISTS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hargrave Walters at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th October 1877.
HARGRAVE WALTERS, of Castle Gresley, in the County of Derby, Mining
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING TIPPING APPARATUS, FOR CORVES,
WAGONS, AND THE LIKE, AS USED IN CONNECTION WITH HOISTS."
These improvements relate to self-acting tipping apparatus, such as are used in
connection with hoists for raising and tipping coal into screens, and for the like
and other purposes, whereby corves, wagons, and the like are emptied of their con-
tents in such an improved manner that the quantity of coal or other material
broken in the operation of tipping and screening is to a great extent lessened.
These improvements consist in the arrangement of the cage or lift in such a
manner as that the cage bottom, and one or both sides of it, shall be of one piece,
or connected firmly together, or so made as that one or each side thereof shall form
a spout or shoot, one side of the cage being heavier than the other, and consist in
the bottom of the cage being so connected or attached to the frame of the lift as that
it will pivot or turn thereon.
This Invention can be carried into effect by placing one or more corves or wagons
on the bottom of the cage, and causing the cage to ascend; when the cage has
arrived opposite a suitable opening in the stage of the hoist, the cage will tip
forward on that side which is the heaviest, and the contents of the corve or wagon
will be gradually tipped out on to the screen, or into wagons or elsewhere.
roller can be so placed on the stage of the hoist as to receive the spout of the cage
when it is tipped forward, or so placed as also to bear the pressure of the cage on
its upward and downward movement.
A
The cage can be fitted with stops so that the corve or wagon will be held therein
whilst being tipped, and the rails on the bottom of the cage-on which the corve
or wagon stands-can be notched or indented so as to prevent the corve moving
thereon, or therefrom.

page_text: The self-acting tipping apparatus above described can be constructed to hold and
tip one or more corves or wagons at one time.
The construction of the stage and the frame of the lift can be of ordinary con-
struction, and the hoisting of the cage can be performed in an ordinary manner,
this Invention relating to the tipping of the cage that is hoisted, and not to the
manner of hoisting it.
IMPROVEMENTS UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, OR OTHER ANALOGOUS ARTICLES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Hodges and George Alfred
Healey at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th September
1877.
FRANK HODGES, of Leicester, in the County of Leicester, Manufacturer, and
GEORGE ALFRED HEALEY, of the same Place, Mechanic. "IMPROVEMENTS
UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, OR OTHER ANALOGOUS ARTICLES."
IN
The present Invention consists of various improvements upon an Invention for
which we applied for Letters Patent dated June 21st 1877.
The object of our present improvements is to keep the ribs of the umbrella or
other analogous article close to the stick when the article is closed, and to retain
them in that position without the use of a tip cup or india-rubber ring, as hereto-
fore. This object is effected by applying a separate spring to each of the ribs of the
umbrella at that part where they are joined to the stretchers. These springs are
made to bear upon the outer end of the stretchers, or that end which is jointed to
the ribs, and they act in the manner the back spring of a pocket knife bears against
the back of a blade when the knife is closed. The stretchers will by means of these
springs be forced back against the ribs when the umbrella is closed, so that when in
this condition the ribs and stretchers will lie nearer together than heretofore; these
springs may be adapted to the ribs or stretchers in various ways.
In frames in which the ribs are made of a trough form the spring may be fixed
in the trough of the rib, and made to bear on the under side of the stretcher or the
spring may be attached to the rib, and its free end made to bear against the outer
end of the stretcher, as in the former instance. This form of spring will be found
particularly adapted for round or solid ribs.
The free end of the spring may if preferred be made to bear against the upper
side of the stretchers, or against pins or their equivalents fixed in or on the
stretcher.

page_text: Another method of effecting the object is by adapting to the stretcher a helical
spring, which is secured by one end to the stretcher, and by the other end to
the rib.
When the stretcher is raised from the rib it will elongate the coiled spring, which
will therefore always have a tendency to pull it down and hold it close to the rib, as
in the other instances.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF SHALE AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Anderson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th January 1877.
JOHN ANDERSON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF SHALE AND
OTHER SUBSTANCES."
This Invention relates to apparatus for the destructive distillation of shale and
other substances, and has for its object satisfactory working in a continuous manner,
with diminution of hand labor and non-liability to derangement.
The distilling vessel or retort to be employed in carrying out the Invention
consists of a trough placed in a horizontal or nearly horizontal position, and
provided with a cover or hood, the edges of which dip down into a channel formed
at the sides of the trough, and which is filled with water or other suitable substance,
to form a seal or lute. A double-valved inlet hopper is attached to the cover at one
end for the introduction of the raw shale, or other substance to be operated on, and
the shale is gradually moved along to the other end of the trough, from which it
descends through a double-valved outlet down upon a set of fire-bars, upon which
it is carried gradually along under the vessel towards the other end. The spent or
partially spent shale is ignited under the vessel, and thus, either alone or with any
necessary admixture of other fuel, serves for heating the vessel. The oleaginous or
other vapor from the shale or other substance, passes off by a pipe or pipes connected
to the cover of the vessel, and an inverted channel may be formed along the centre
of the cover for the more convenient collection of the vapor from the several parts
of the vessel. The progressive movement of the shale or other substance along the
trough is effected by means of a series of transverse scrapers or paddles carried by
transverse horizontal rocking shafts resting in bearings formed on the side edges of
the trough. The paddles are jointed upon levers fixed or formed on the rocking
shafts in such a way as to feather when being moved in a direction from the
discharge end; and the rocking shafts have fixed on their outer ends levers
projecting down into the seal channel at the sides of the trough, such levers having
their ends jointed to horizontal bars in the channels. The horizontal bars are made
to reciprocate longitudinally by levers projecting down into the channels, but outside
of the cover, and fixed to a rocking shaft, to which a suitable rocking motion is
D
77

page_text: imparted in any convenient way. With these arrangements the internal paddles
are moved from the outside without the complication and inconvenience of stuffing
boxes.
The details of the apparatus may be modified, as, for example, by substituting
rotating paddles for the reciprocating ones, or by connecting the paddles by internal
gearing, or levers and rods.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR COUPLING PIPES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Kershaw Ashworth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th November 1877.
GEORGE KERSHAW ASHWORTH, of Halifax, in the County of York, Engineer.
" IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR COUPLING PIPES."
This Invention relates to the coupling of pipes, whether used as water, steam, or
gas pipes, and is particularly applicable to coupling or joining lead pipes which
have burst and a leakage taking place. The improvements consist in the employ-
ment of a hollow boss or short tube, having a flange thereon, which is placed on to
the end of a lead pipe intended to be joined. By preference, the hole in the boss
and flange for the pipe to pass through is enlarged or bell-mouthed on the face of
the flange, so that the lead pipe may be flattened or spread out to prevent it being
drawn through. Another boss and flange is placed on to another lead pipe, and
the end flattened or spread out, as in the previous case, and the two are then bolted
together by means of bolts passing through both flanges. The end of each pipe
which has been flattened or spread out forms the " packing." In order to prevent
the pressure of the two flanges squeezing the lead to such an extent as to close or
lessen the hole for the passage of water, I place a small tube or thimble in the hole
of each pipe.
Where it is desirable to couple a lead pipe and an iron pipe together, the boss of
the coupling for the iron pipe is tapped, so that it can be screwed on to the iron
pipe, and the enlargement of the hole on the flange is dispensed with.
By means of this Invention soldering of pipes where a leakage takes place is
avoided.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CONTINUOUS METALLIC FENCING
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Julius Boult at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th November 1877.
ALFRED JULIUS BOULT, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CONTINUOUS METALLIC FENCING."
This Invention consists in a mode of jointing the longitudinal bars and of
rigidly holding them in the standards.
I prefer so arranging the length of the bars that they shall always be joined in
a standard, but my Invention will also apply to joints made at other parts. It
consists in a dovetail scarf joint, two half dovetails side by side, each half the
thickness of the bar, or nearly so, and larger at their ends than where joined on to
the main bar. They could however be almost the thickness of the bar, merely a
wedge cut or stamped out of one (or both) sides of each. The two are then placed
one over the other and inserted into the hole of the standard or clamp hereafter
described.
The standard has a slot stamped out of it as near as possible the size of the
central part of the two dovetails when placed in juxta position. It also has a
tongue partially stamped out just above or below this; this tongue in the stamping
is bent to one side, the two dovetails are then inserted one over the other, merely
fitting the slot, and the tongue is bent back till it holds the bar tightly as in a vice.
If the dovetails expand on both sides it acts also as an arrangement to keep the
post upright at that point, as the standard if pushed to one side would come against
the wider portion of the dovetails and so be arrested.
Instead of the bendable tongue a wedge can be used to keep the bar tight in
the slot.
IN RAILWAY BRAKES."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Wheat at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th May 1877.
SAMUEL WHEAT, of Thorpe Tilney, in the County of Lincoln.
IN RAILWAY BRAKES."
"IMPROVEMENTS
According to my Invention of improvements in brakes for railway trains it is
proposed to utilize the steam power of the locomotive for working the breaks upon
the carriages of the train in the following manner :-Upon the locomotive engine,
in any convenient position, I provide a steam cylinder, which I will call the brake
cylinder, and which communicates by a pipe with the pipe that conveys steam from
the boiler to the driving cylinders of the locomotive. The passage of the steam to
the brake cylinder is controlled by a stop-cock on the stean: pipe, so constructed,
that when the steam is admitted to the brake cylinder it is cut off from the driving
cylinders, and vice versa. This stop-cock is worked through an arrangement of
levers and connecting rods by a handle in any position convenient for the driver,
the said handle being, however, quite independent of the handle of the ordinary
regulator by which the steam is shut off. The steam admitted to the brake cylinder
acts on a piston therein, whose piston rod is connected, by a lever or otherwise, with
a continuous rod or shaft passing along the side or other part of the train, having
a series of cranks connected with it which act on the brake gear fitted beneath
the carriages.
The continuous rod or shaft is made in lengths, one for each carriage, each
length being hung in suitable brackets attached to the carriage framing, and the
several lengths being connected together to form a continuous line of shafting by
couplings between the carriages.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FUR AND SKIN JACKETS, PALETOTS, COATS, AND SUCH LIKE ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andreas Gottschling at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th December 1877.
ANDREAS GOTTSCHLING, of 16, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the County
of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FUR AND SKIN JACKETS,
PALETOTS, COATS, AND SUCH LIKE ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL."
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of fur and skin
jackets, paletots, coats, and such like articles of wearing apparel
According to the system at present in use for making fur or skin jackets, or such
like articles of wearing apparel, the back is made up of either four or two pieces,
vizt, of two half backs, and two gores or sometimes each half back has the
adjacent gore cut with it, in which caso there are only two pieces. Each of these
pieces, whether four or two, and also the remaining pieces forming the fronts,
sleeves, and collar, are separately damped and tacked down on to a flat board to
"set" or flatten them
According to my Invention I cut the back and the two gores all in one piece,
the remaining pieces of the garment being the same as by the present systein. I do
not damp and tack down the pieces separately, and before they are united, but I
first seam together the pieces forming the body, and then when so formed, damp
the body and strain it as a whole on to a shape or model. In drying the garment
sets to the form of the model, and thus receives a shape truer and more lasting
than can be imparted by the old system, whilst at the same time considerable
labour and material are saved. To assist the skin or fur to shrink closely on to the
model, I, when necessary, make cuttings in the skin or fur, and drawing one edge
of the cutting up, sew it to the other in a puckered manner, the puckerings straining
out in the drying, but giving a shape that could not be otherwise obtained. Thus
in a jacket back I make a cutting on each side over the hip into the waist, and
treat, such cutting as described. The two pieces forming each sleeve are seamed
together, and the complete sleeve damped and strained on to a model in the
manner described. Also the two pieces forming the collar are united and treated in
a like manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Glover, junior, and William
Leggott at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th July 1877.
JAMES GLOVER, junior, and WILLIAM LEGGOTT, Spinners and Manufacturers, of
Bradford, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TEXTILE FABRICS."
Our Invention relates to employing silk noils or pure waste, that is to say, the
coarse silk round the cocoon or the outside layer of the cocoon, whereby a pure
textile fabric having special properties is produced, which is more particularly
applicable to the manufacture of table covers and other articles of upholstery. For
this purpose the silk noils or pure waste are condensed on a condenser, and not
operated on by a scribbler and condenser; they are afterwards spun on mules, and
the threads or yarn thus prepared are woven in plan looms if the ornamental figures
or designs are to be printed, and on box or jacquard looms if the designs or figures
are produced in weaving.
The fabrics are manufactured with both warp and weft composed exclusively of
the silk waste or noils; the preparation of the threads is the same for both the warp
and weft, but the warp may be formed of a superior quality of the silk noils, and
with more torsion. The textile fabrics being composed entirely of animal material
receive dyeing or printing in a most perfect manner.
The textile fabrics after having been woven are passed through rollers and over a
fine card drum or over a teazer drum, raising the silk and producing fringes of silk
on the surface or surfaces of the fabrics; the textile fabrics are then printed with
block prints on both sides, or only one side is printed.
The pure waste or noils may be dyed before condensing and spinning, and the
designs or figures woven in the fabrics.
AN IMPROVED MUSIC STAND AND MUSIC HOLDER COMBINED
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Collard Augustus Drake at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th August 1877.
COLLARD AUGUSTUS DRAKE, of No. 7, London Street, Paddington, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman. "AN IMPROVED MUSIC STAND AND MUSIC HOLDER
COMBINED."
My Invention consists in a music holder forming a convenient receptacle for
keeping together loose sheets of music with great economy of space, whilst it acts
as a music stand for two or more persons.
I construct two boxes of wood or metal, each box being of a size sufficient to
contain two pages of music opened out, and of a convenient depth, according to
requirement. Each of these boxes is divided into two compartments, so that in the
two boxes there are four compartments, each of a sufficient size to contain a piece of
music, and covered by doors hinged at the sides, or sliding outwards. These boxes
are placed back to back, and hinged together at the top, and raised a convenient
height from the ground by legs or supports at the bottom."
When not in use as a music stand the boxes are pressed together, and form a
compact and convenient music holder capable of containing a considerable number
of sheets; for instance, if the boxes are three inches in depth they will contain sheets
of music which would take up one foot in depth.
To use them as a music stand I have only to draw outwards the supports to a
suitable angle, and rest the music on ledges placed at a suitable height on the doors
of the boxes. In the same manner I can construct music holders to contain double
or treble the quantity of sheets of music by making the boxes larger, and with more
compartments still, fixing them in the same manner, so that when the boxs are
drawn outwards they act as a music stand.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FLOUR
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Barton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st May 1877.
ROBERT BARTON, of. Wortley, near Leeds, in the County of York. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FLOUR."
The object of my Invention is to take out what is known as the dust or darker
substance in flour, which operation is effected during the sifting operation in the
"silk machine."
The "dust" is lighter than the flour proper and floats about in the air more
readily. The silk or sifting machine is enclosed in a case, so that the dust cannot
escape therefrom. In order to exhaust or extract the "dust" I couple to the case a
tube, in connection with which is provided a fan or other exhauster, whereby the
"dust" is drawn away and deposited in a convenient place, leaving the flour whiter
and purer. Air is admitted to the interior of the case through suitable adjustable
sluice or other valves, or other equivalent means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Courtenay Spencer Foster at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th January 1877.
COURTENAY SPENCER FOSTER, of Burton Overy Glenn, in the County of Lei-
coster "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL"
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of artificial
fuel At the present time it is usual in the manufacture of artificial fuel to employ
pitch, tai, or such like material to bind together small or pulverized coal According
to my Invention I can avoid the use of any such binding materials I employ in
heu thereof a wrapper or envelope of strong coarse paper or such like material, in
which I enclose the pulverized coal in a nearly diy state Whon thus enclosed I
submit it to heavy pressure in a mould, and so produce a block of cubical or other
suitable form The wrapper becomes so firmly attached to its contents by the
pressure that it cannot afterwards be separated
The wrapper serves to prevent any crumbling of the block in transit, and when
the block is put into the furnace it prevents disintegration by the action of the
heat.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA- RATUS FOR TESTING AND ADJUSTING SPRING PISTONS USED IN STEAM AND OTHER CYLINDERS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Allibon and William Adolphus
Taylor at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th November
1877.
GEORGE ALLIBON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, and
WILLIAM ADOLPHUS TAYLOR, of the same Place, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA-
RATUS FOR TESTING AND ADJUSTING SPRING PISTONS USED IN STEAM AND OTHER
CYLINDERS."
Heretofore spring pistons have been placed in cylinders in a hap-hazard manner
as regards the pressure with which the packing of the piston has borne against the
cylinder. Loss of power from excessive friction, cutting of the cylinder, waste of
lubricating material, and rapid wear of the piston, are the usual results of the
practice which hitherto has been unavoidable from the absence of any apparatus for
ascertaining the lateral pressure of the packing rings when reduced to the exact
size of the cylinder.
Now the object of our Invention is to provide an apparatus by which the loss of
power and disadvantages above named are overcome. For these purposes we use
in combination a reducing strap and an indicating appliance. The reducing strap
is of ordinary construction; and the casing, or that portion of a spring balance
which carries the spring and moving parts, is attached to one end of it, and the
spindle or moving portion of the said spring balance is connected by a screw and
nut, or other convenient means, to the other end of the said reducing strap. By
turning the screw or nut the ends of the reducing strap may be caused to approach
each other so as to compress or reduce to the required size a piston ring surrounded
by the said strap, and thereby indicate the resilience or elasticity of the said ring.
Instead of a spring balance, a scale beam and weights, or other desired appliance,
may be used for ascertaining the pressure, care being always taken that the indi-
cating or moving portion of the appliance is attached to one end of the strap, and
the stationary or carrying portion to the other.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR BURNING HYDROCARBONS IN FURNACES, OR FOR HEATING PURPOSES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank William Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th July 1877. A communication
from abroad by William Stewart and Robert John Stewart, both of Paterson,
New Jersey, in the United States of America.
FRANK WILLIAM HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Patent Agents, of
67, Strand, in the City of Westminster. "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR BURNING
HYDROCARBONS IN FURNACES, OR FOR HEATING PURPOSES." A communication
from abroad by William Stewart and Robert John Stewart, both of Paterson, New
Jersey, in the United States of America.
The improved apparatus consists of a receptacle or box (herein-after called box),
having holes in, at, or near the bottom, sides, or lower part, and containing asbestos
or other absorbent and refractory material, a feed pipe or pipes to such material or
to the interior of the box, being suitably connected to a tank or reservoir of
petroleum or other suitable hydrocarbon liquid.
In practice I employ a longitudinal or other box, of rectangular or other section,
forming the body of a (hollow) grate bar (or sometimes made detached from the
grate bar), and provided with a cover, suitably secured, the lower portion of the
sides and bottom of the box being perforated with holes. Loose asbestos fibre,
pulverized pumice stone, or such like absorbent refractory material, is placed in the
box, and through this material runs a horizontal perforated pipe or pipes, connected
with a tank containing petroleum or other suitable hydrocarbon liquid, the effect
being that such liquid flows through the horizontal pipe or pipes and spreads
throughout the asbestos or other filling, and thence to the perforations in the sides
and bottom of the box, and being there ignited a very powerful flame is produced,
applicable to beating steam boilers, whether locomotive or stationary, and to burning
bricks, and numerous other uses.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN SUSPENDERS FOR LOCKETS AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES OF JEWELLERY
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George List and George Rowland List
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th June 1877.
GEORGE LIST, of Handsworth, in the County of Stafford, Agency Inspector of the
Life Association of Scotland, and GEORGE ROWLAND LIST, of Handsworth aforesaid,
Manufacturing Jeweller. "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN SUSPENDERS
FOR LOCKETS AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES OF JEWELLERY."
The ordinary suspender by which lockets, charms, crosses, and like articles are
suspended from the neck, consists of a band of velvet, ribbon, or other fabric
attached to the neck by tying behind, the locket or article being suspended from a
loop sliding on the band, and brought to that part of the band situated in front.
The tying of the band behind and the liability of displacement of the locket from
its proper position and inconveniences which are remedied by our Invention.
In constructing a suspender for lockets, charms, crosses, and other like articles of
jewellery according to our Invention, we take a band of the required length, and
attach to the ends of the band respectively the two parts of an ornamental snap
fastening. The said snap fastening, when the two parts are engaged with one
another, is syminetrical; the hollow part of the fastening or the part into which the
spring part enters has on its lower edge a projecting or pendent piece, through
which a hole is made in a plane coincident with or parallel to the plane of the front
of the fastening. Through this hole a split or other ring is passed, which ring also
passes through the loop at the top of the locket or article.
In place of a ring, a short ornamental chain may be employed. We prefer to
make the outer edges of the two parts of the fastening of a depth a little greater
than the breadth of the band or ribbon, and by means of slender bars attached at
their ends to the said outer edges we form narrow slots or spaces, through which
the ends, the band, or ribbon, can be passed and fixed by sewing. We do not
however limit ourselves to any particular means of attachment.
Suspenders made according to our Invention are very convenient in use; they
can be rapidly applied to and removed from the neck, the locket or article is not
liable to displacement, and our Invention admits of a great range of ornamental
design.
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ANCHORS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abraham Hartrup at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th October 1877.
ABRAHAM HARTRUP, of High Street, Rochester, in the County of Kent.
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ANCHORS."
" IM-
This Invention consists in certain improvements in the construction of anchors
whereby the said anchors shall make sure of a better hold and not be liable to foul
as with anchors at present in use.
The following is the manner I propose to construct anchors according to this
Invention-1 open out the lower end of the shank of the anchor so as to form a
mortise to receive the fluke which works freely therein. The said fluke is composed
of one arm oscillating on a stud which passes through the two sides of the mortise
aforesaid, and in such a manner that on whichever of the open sides of the mortise
the anchor should happen to fall the said fluke will at once project out and take a
firm hold in the ground. Suitable lugs or catches extending from the fluke and
abutting against the sides of the mortise serve to keep the said fluke in position
when projecting out of the shank. I make, the stock of the anchor pear or kite
shape, the broadest part being at the lower end of the shank near the fluke, and
the narrowest at that part where the anchor is connected to the chain.
The position of the said stock in reference to the fluke is such that when the
said fluke is projecting on either side of the mortise aforesaid it shall be at right
angles with it.
It will be seen that an anchor constructed as above will always fall flat on the
pear-shaped stock, when the fluke will at once extend out by its own weight and
make a sure hold. The chain can never get entangled round the stock, and thus
prevent the fluke coming in contact with the bottom of the river or sea, as is often
the case with anchors as at present constructed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FIXING OF THE WHEEL-BANDAGES ON WHEELS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Conradi at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th November 1877.
HENRY CONRADI, of 8, Lower James Street, Golden Square, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FIXING OF THE WHEEL-BANDAGES ON WHEELS
OF RAILWAY VEHICLES." [A communication from abroad by Gustav Schüphaus, of
Dortmund, Westphalia, Germany.]
To prevent the vehicles leaving the rails, occasioned by the broken pieces, in
case of the breakage of the bandages, many designs have been made, of which the
present one seems to be the most simple.
The bandage A, Fig. 1 of the adjoined Drawing, is turned, according to the
section shown, so that the wheel circle, whose circumference is dovetailed shaped e, e,
properly fitts the former. The bandage is heated by being drawn upon the ring or
wheel circle. An iron or steel ring C, fitting with its part b tightly to the part c,
is cut through, as Fig. 3 shows; then the parts cut are laid one above the other,
and in these springing conditions fixed in the groove d, which is turned at right
angles. The part f of the bandage A, which is still warm, is then hammered over d,
and the intimate connection of the three bodies, bandage, wheel circle, and ring
takes place, and under the form as shown in Fig. 2.
Through the shrinking of the bandage a tight connection with the wheel circle
which surrounds it takes place in such a manner that in case of breakage the
broken pieces cannot fall off.
The improvements upon which the claims are based consist in the application of
a cut ring of the required shape, which is fitted in a rectangular-shaped groove,
and is kept tight by means of hammering it over, producing the closing of the
wheel circle and that of the bandage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BLEACHING POWDER, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nicholas Bettson Cooke at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th February 1877.
NICHOLAS BETTSON COOK, of Irvine, in the County of Ayr, North Britain,
Manufacturing Chemist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BLEACHING
POWDER, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
This Invention has for its object the making of bleaching powder in a more
rapid and economical manner than heretofore, and relates more particularly to
improved arrangements for promoting the absorption of the chlorine by the lime.
In carrying out the Invention heat is applied, and is found to considerably
expedite the absorbing action. The heat may be applied by means of steain pipes
or casings arranged in the chamber in which the line is subjected to the action of
the chlorine; or the chlorine may be heated by passing it through a casing of lead
or other suitable material heated by steam or otherwise. The lime is laid to a much
greater depth than heretofore in the absorbing chamber, and is continually agitated
or stirred by mechanical stirring apparatus during the absorbing process, so that
the chlorine is absorbed rapidly, and to an equal extent throughout the mass of
lime. The line may be laid in a rectangular chamber as heretofore, reciprocating
or other suitable stirrers being employed; it is however by preference laid in a
circular chamber, which is provided with stirrers carried by a central vertical shaft
driven by any suitable external gearing; or the bottom of the chamber may be
made to revolve by suitable gearing underneath. One or more hopper openings are
provided in the roof of the chamber for the introduction of the charges of lime,
whilst the floor or bottom of the chamber is fitted with one or more doors for the
discharge of the chlorinated lime or bleaching powder.
The structure is built with one or more spaces or chambers under the discharge
doors, and in these spaces the bleaching powder may be at once filled into barrels
or other suitable receptacles, the rotating stirring apparatus serving for bringing it
round from different parts of the absorbing chamber to the discharge door or doors.
With the improved arrangements herein-before described, not only can a much
increased quantity of lime be treated in a chamber of a given size, but the
absorbing process also occupies a much shorter time than heretofore, and much of
the chlorine at present lost during packing and otherwise will be saved.
AN IMPROVEMENT APPLICABLE TO CIGARS AND CIGARETTES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Luis de Loma y Corradi at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st May 1877.
LUIS DE LOMA Y CORRADI, of Newman Street, in the County of Middlesex.
"AN IMPROVEMENT APPLICABLE TO CIGARS AND CIGARETTES."
My Invention relates to improved means of lighting cigars and cigarettes, whereby
the use of matches or other separate means of ignition is entirely avoided; and the
Invention consists in rendering the cigar or cigarette self-lighting by combining
with it a means of ignition, consisting of a readily combustible disc or wad, composed
of paper or other suitable material which bas been saturated with a solution of
purified nitre, which disc or wad is secured to the end of the cigar or cigarette by a
wooden pin, having a head composed of a material or composition ignitible by
friction, similar to that ordinarily used for matches.
This wooden pin passes
through the combustible disc and penetrates the body of the cigar or cigarette for a
sufficient distance to retain the combustible disc or wad securely, and the ignitible
head of the pin projects from the surface of the combustible disc so as to be readily
rubbed against a suitable friction surface. When thus ignited the head immedi-
ately communicates with and ignites the combustible disc or wad, from which the
cigar or cigarette is readily lighted.
Instead of using a disc composed of paper, as above mentioned, I may make the
disc of amadou, and secure it to the end of the cigar or cigarette in the same way.
I may also dispense with the combustible wad or disc, and the means of fastening
it to the cigar or cigarette, and apply the ignitible composition directly to the end
of the cigar or cigarette with the same object.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO MACHINES FOR AERIAL NAVIGATION
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Balleni and John Webber
Payne at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th March 1877.
HENRI BALLENI and JOHN WEBBER PAYNE, both of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO MACHINES FOR AERIAL
NAVIGATION."
Our Invention relates to certain improvements in sustaining, propelling, and
steering aërial machines or balloons, and in the arrangement of parts constituting a
machine for aërial navigation.
Our Invention consists of a framework of boat-like shape in plan. Attached to
and underneath this framework there is a pear or other suitable shaped balloon,
constructed of silk or other suitable material. From the ends of the framework
there descends rods or bars, which carry and support a car or boat, constructed, by
preference, of wickerwork. The framework is provided on each side with wings or
Happers, which are worked by means of rods from the car beneath. The working
may be effected direct, or through the medium of a horizontal shaft which runs
through the centre of the balloon. This horizontal shaft passes through what may
be termed the after end of the machine, and is provided with a fan or propeller, to
which motion is given by the rotating of the shaft, which receives motion from the
rods passing to the car beneath. This car is by preference boat-shaped, and is
provided with a motive-power engine, such as steam, gas, ether, or other suitablo
engine. The car is provided at its after end with a rudder or steering mechanism,
and is also provided with a gas generator and exhauster so as to regulate the
pressure in the balloon according to the altitude.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WINDOW SASH FASTENERS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Parkes at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st December 1877.
THOMAS PARKES, of Brettell Lane, near Stourbridge, in the County of Stafford,
Commercial Traveller. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WINDOW SASH
FASTENERS."
At the handle end of the arm or bar of an ordinary window sash fastener is
constructed a box or case, in which is contained a sliding piece or catch. The said
sliding piece is chisel shaped at the bottom like an ordinary door lock bolt, and is
provided at the top with a shank which passes through the top of the box and is
then connected to the knob or handle. The bottom of the box is open, and the
sliding piece projects below the box, unless held up by the person holding the knob
or by the plate of the sash fastener.
When it is desired to fasten the sash, the handle is pulled forwards in the usual
manner, the chisel shaped part of the sliding piece allowing the said sliding piece
to pass over the obstruction caused at the joint of the sashes. When the handle is
pulled forwards to a position at right angles to the window, the sliding piece drops
down behind the edge of a plate or other projection, and thus the sash fastener
cannot be unfastened by means of a knife or other instrument pushed up through
the joint of the sashes, as the sliding piece must be lifted before the arm of the
fastener can be moved back.
When it is desired to unfasten the sash, the knob (and consequently the sliding
piece) is lifted, and the arm can then be moved back and the sash unfastened.
The sliding piece may drop by its own gravity simply, or it may be pressed upon
by a spiral spring within the box, or by a spring arranged in any convenient
manner.
The sliding piece is prevented from turning round in the case, either by its shape
or by other simple means, as will be readily apparent.
IMPROVED BROWN COLOUR OR DYE, AND PROCESS FOR OBTAINING THE SAME.
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adalbert Wachhausen at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th July 1877.
ADALBERT WACHHAUSEN,, of Wiesbaden; Germany, Doctor of Philosophy.
IMPROVED BROWN COLOUR OR DYE, AND PROCESS FOR OBTAINING THE SAME.'
"
"AN
My Invention relates to the production of a brown colour or dye from the
refuse matters formed in the manufacture of fuchsine, aniline red, and magenta red.
For this purpose the said refuse matters are treated with an aqueous solution of
carbonate of soda, caustic soda or potash, or carbonate potash, or caustic ammonia.
After this treatment has been continued for a sufficient time the matters not
dissolved are to be separated by filtering from liquid containing arsenic and washed
with water to remove the last traces.
The undissolved refuse matter remaining in the filtering bag are then dried and
treated for the production of the said brown colour in the following mauner. These
refuse matters, freed from arsenic, are dissolved in spirits of wine, or methylic
alcohol, or amylic alcohol, or creosote, or carbolic acid (tar oil).
In this unfiltered liquid hydrogen is produced, preferably by adding to the above
ingredients metallic zinc and hydrochloric acid; the original impure bluish red
colour of the mass is thereby changed to a pure brown.
After having obtained this new or improved brown colour or dye the superfluous
zinc is removed, and the liquid medium or solution is either evaporated by dis-
tillation, or the brown liquid is mixed with cold water, and the colouring matter
contained therein is separated in a filtering bag.
This brown colour obtained by either of the methods above specified is purified
by boiling it with acid water and then cooling the solution; then this solution is
further subjected to evaporation, and chlorinated soda may be added with
advantage.
In some instances it will be preferable to employ caustic alkali, or carbonate of
alkali, to further purify the colouring matter.
The colouring matter obtained as above described by this Invention will be
soluble in water, and may be advantageously used in place of other brown material
for colouring or dyeing purposes.