A STEAM ENGINE ON A NEW CONSTRUCTION FOR DRAWING WATER FROM MINES, FOR WORKING DIFFERENT KINDS OF MACHINERY, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES FOR WHICH STEAM ENGINES ARE GENERALLY APPLIED
Year: 1816

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SIMON
HOSKING, of the Parish of Phillack, in the County of Cornwall, Cabinet Maker,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the First day of November,
in the fifty-seventh year of His reign, give and grant unto me, the said
Simon Hosking, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, His special licence, full
power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Simon Hosking, my
exors, adiñiors, and assigns, should and lawfully might, during the term of
years therein mentioned, make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "A STEAM
ENGINE ON A NEW CONSTRUCTION FOR DRAWING WATER FROM MINES, FOR WORKING
DIFFERENT KINDS OF MACHINERY, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES FOR WHICH STEAM
ENGINES ARE GENERALLY APPLIED;" in which said Letters Patent there is con-
tained a proviso that if I, the said Simon Hosking, shall not particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, by an instrument in under my hand and seal, to
be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent, that
then the said Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages whatsoever
thereby granted, shall utterly cease, determine, and become void, as in and
by the same, relation (being thereunto had), may morefully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Simon Hosking, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described

page_text: and ascertained, in and by the Drawings hereunto annexed, and the following
description thereof (that is to say):-
My Invention, first, consists of three cylinders or steam vessels within each
other, forming but one entire centre, two of which are fixed, and one is
moveable. The large cylinder is fixed at its bottom, and has two valves and
condensing apparatus, as is usuni in Messrs. Bolton and Watts' single engines;
the small cylinder is fixed at its upper end, and exactly over the large cylinder,
its bottom reaching to the top of the large cylinder; the moveable or middle
cylinder slides up and down outside of the small cylinder and inside of the large
cylinder, and moves through a stuffing box, with packing, that is fixed on the
lid of the large cylinder, and has a stuffing box fixed on its upper end. with
packing round the small cylinder, and a piston fixed to its under end to suit
the large cylinder; this moveable cylinder to be connected with the engine
beam or any machinery in the usual manner. To convey the steam into the
engine, I have a pipe with a valve or cock leading from the boiler to the top
of the small cylinder, this small cylinder having a close cover into which the
steam pipe is inserted, but being open at the bottom, the steam and water havo
a free course into the moveable cylinder and upon the piston, and by the
moveable being full of water, the steam of high temperature is kept from
injuring the packing of the said stuffing box, the water being supplied by the
condensation of the steam passing and repassing through the small cylinder
and steam pipe.
Secondly, my Invention consists further of a pipe leading from the induction
pipe or the top of the condenser, to the top of the large cylinder, through
which pipe, by way of a cock, I convey a perfect vacuum on the top of the
piston. To put this apparatus into action, the piston is to be placed in and
near the top of the larger cylinder, then the stufling box of the moveable
cylinder which serves as a piston rod is placed at or near to the upper end of
the small first cylinder, at the same time the water reaches in and at the top of
the small cylinder. By this contrivance 1 obviate the necessity of tight packing,
which is requisite when steam of high temperature is used, and consequently I
avoid a great proportion of the usual friction, because a very moderate degree
of tightness in the packing is quite sufficient to prevent the passage of so
dense a fluid as water.
And I do further declare that I use the moveable cylinder working upon a
cylinder pipe, either with or without a condensor, or any other part of the engine
(according to the nature of the whole which the steam engine has to perform),
then the equilebrium or under stean valvo (which is at the lower part of the
large cylinder) is shut, and the steam valve, exhausting valve, and injection

page_text: valve being open, the steam will press on the surface of the water within the
small cylinder and on the piston, and by that pressure, with the vacuum formed
below the piston, causes the piston to descend to the lower part of the large
cylinder. The moveable then being full of water, which prevents the steam
coming in contact with the packing in the said stuffing box, as soon as the
piston descends to the bottom of the cylinder, then the equilibrium or steam
valve being opened, the steam will descend from the top of the small cylinder
through a perpendicular steam pipe, into the bottom of the large cylinder,
acting with its expansive force under the piston, the vacuum there being
destroyed, still maintaining its full power above the said piston by means of
the before-mentioned pipe leading from the top of the condensor to the top
of the large cylinder, and causes the piston to lift the water back again into
the small cylinder, and by that means makes a complete stroke with consider-
able greater power that if it were worked as double engines are in the usual
way, the steam only being taken once from the boiler to compleat the stroke;
this may be repented as often and with as much force as the size of the boiler
will supply. By the alternate passage of the same water from one vessel to
the other, the water may be kept nearly to a boiling heat, and consequently
there is no considerable condensation of steam by its floating on the water in
the moveable cylinder, and the extra quantity of water is discharged every
stroke through the perpendicular steam pipe leading from the top of the small
cylinder to the equilibrium (or under steam valve), by which means it is
discharged through the engine by way of the air pump.
As various modes of opening cocks or valves are so commonly known to all
persons conversant with steam engines, I shall only give a small description of
my Invention: To prevent the usual friction which is occasioned in high
pressure steam engines by lifting valves, I propose to use a plug or slide made
of hard metal, of an angular form, parallel at each end, and this plug or slide
has a passage or passages like that of a cock, by which means the steam
passes into the engine; this plug or slide being nicely fitted into shell or case,
I apply a screw or spring at the outside of the slide to tighten it into the
shell and prevent the escape of the steam between the slide and the shell. As
to the working parts of this engine, it may be varied considerably, still adhering
to the same principle. The steam to be generated by a boiler made like a
cone on its end, with a spiral tube all the length of the boiler, with the fire
placed in the lower end of the tube.
In witness whereof, I, the said Simon Hosking, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of April, in the year of
SIMON (Ls.) HOSKING.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-sixth day of April,
in the year of our Lord 1817, the aforesaid Simon Hosking came before
our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statutes made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Twenty-ninth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventeen.