CERTAIN IMPROVED MEDICINES OR COMPOUNDS, AND FOR THE APPLICATION OF A NEW INSTRUMENT TO PRESERVE, ALLEVIATE, AND CURE CERTAIN DISEASES; ALSO FOR THE MACHINERY EMPLOYED FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAID INSTRUMENT
Year: 1845

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PIERRE
ARMAND le Comte de FONTAINEMOREAU, of No. 1, Skinners Place, Sise Lane,
in the City of London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at Westminster,
the Fourth day of August, in the ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself,
Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Pierre Armand
le Comte de Fontainemoreau, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
Her especial license, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said
Pierre Armand le Comte de Fontainemoreau, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Pierre Armand le Comte de
Fontainemoreau, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and, at all times during
the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, and also in all Her said Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad,
the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVED MEDICINES OR COMPOUNDS, AND FOR THE
APPLICATION OF A NEW INSTRUMENT TO PRESERVE, ALLEVIATE, AND CURE CERTAIN
DISEASES; ALSO FOR THE MACHINERY EMPLOYED FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAID
INSTRUMENT," communicated to me by a certain Foreigner residing abroad;
in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said Pierro

page_text: Armand le Comte de Fontainemoreau, shall cause a particular description
of the nature of the Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being
thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the proviso, I, the said
Pierre Armand Le Comte de Fontainemoreau, do hereby declare the nature
of my Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed,
is particularly described and ascertained in and by the following Instru-
ment in writing, reference being made to the letters and figures therein
contained, and to the Drawing hereunto annexed, that is to say :-
My Invention consists, firstly, in the manufacturing of a certain purga-
tive medicine, and secondly, in the application of a new apparatus for the
manufacturing of any fit gelatinous casing, which I call suppositor and which
I use to envelope any solid or liquid pharmaceutical preparation which is
afterwards properly introduced into the organic system through the rectum.
Purgative medicine is, without doubt, invaluable, and the best practitioners
have acknowledged in all ages, and do still acknowledge, the necessity of acting
upon the intestinal canal either to restore simply the regularity of the bowels
by freeing them from substances operating like real foreign bodies which the
intestine above have not the power to discharge, or to promote salutary secre-
tions, or lastly to remove several disorders to which custom rather than reason
has assigned this mode of treatment. If purgatives of a dangerous nature,
blindly administered, should often produce salutary results, we ought to give
much attention to reasonable and inoffensive purgatives prudently prescribed
and skilfully prepared; but, whilst we acknowledge the benefit which may be
derived from purging, let us not forget that the great inconveniences arising
from its abuses, especially when the means employed are violent or too active.
The choice of an efficient and inodorous purgative is, then, of the highest
importance. Although nature has multiplied the proper means to excite
purgation, I am convinced that no preparation has yet been obtained com-
bining at the same time certainty, conveniency, and safety. The purgative
most frequently used hitherto produce upon the organs of the taste and smell
a nauseous antipathy, which renders it a difficult and disagreeable administra-
tion. Those which are inodorous or without smell, such as weak mercury,
calomel, antimony, gamboge, jalap, &c., &c., are not always unattended with
dangerous consequences; magnesia, so well known as a relaxative, is the only
purgative agent which surmounts and conquers the most obstinate consti-

page_text: pation. This substance, perfectly inoffensive, is difficult to administer on
account of its volume. To remedy that difficulty, I subject it to certain hereafter
described preparations to enable me to form with it an agreeable and efficient
purgative chocolate, similar in colour, smell, and taste, to the best common
chocolate. I perform these operations as follows:-If I use magnesia in a state
of carbonate, I must at first calcine it to the highest possible degree, after-
wards I pound it very fine and pass it through a fine sieve; after that
preparatory operation I place it in a proper basin made of red copper, into
which I pour some liquid sugar, until the mixture acquires a brown or dark
colour; I place the basin on a lighted furnace, stirring the mixture with a
spatula until it is perfectly dry; I remove it and place it in a mortar; I then
pound it strongly with the pestle; when it is reduced to a fine powder, I pass
it through the seive again, keeping separately the lumps, which I use for
another occasion. This operation has a double end, firstly, I hydrate the
magnesia in order to remove its causticity or bitterness, rendering it more
efficacious, and reducing at the same time its volume considerably. Secondly,
I give to the magnesia the natural color of the chocolate, which would other-
wise be white, and of an unpleasing aspect and appearance.
Mode of Preparing the Purgative Magnesian Chocolate.-It is composed
of one third of cocoa, one third of sugar, and one third of magnesia, which
is operated upon as before described. The cocoa and sugar are prepared
according to the usual mode too well known to require any peculiar descrip-
tion. When they are got ready, the magnesia is incorporated with them
in the proportion as before mentioned. The magnesian chocolate is then
divided into cakes, lozenges, or in any other convenient form or shape. Having
previously taken care to aromatize the whole with vanilla or any other similar
spice or aroma, the appearance and taste of that purgative differs in no
respect from that of the best chocolate, and can be taken by those who
have the greatest repugnance to medicine without letting them suspect the
presence of the magnesia. It differs from all purgatives, not being followed by
constipation as are the greater number of purgative preparations. It may
be exported to any distance, under any climate, without being liable to the
smallest alteration, but it must never be dissolved in water or milk like other
chocolate.
The second part of my Invention relates to the mode of producing, by
means of a certain instrument herein-after described, a kind of pill, made with
any suitable gelatinous substance, serving as an air-tight hollow casing, in the
interior of which I introduce all kinds of pharmaceutic preparations, either
solid or liquid. I call that clyster casing a suppositor, and this may be, for

page_text: convenience, of a conical, cylindrical, oval, or any other shape. They are
introduced into the human body through the rectum, where, the natural heat
dissolving the casing, the absorption of the medicament contained in it will
take place immediately through the intestinal tube. The effect of this mode
of taking medicine is therefore very prompt, and recovery must necessarily
ensue without having recourse to injections or to the administering of medicine
through the stomach. As sometimes purgatives are necessary during the use
of the suppositors, the magnesian chocolate is therefore highly recommended,
and will contribute greatly to advance or complete the recovery.
Description of the Apparatus to Prepare the Suppositors or Clyster Casings.
Figure 1 is a front elevation, shewing the first operation for the manufacturing
of the suppositors. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section from A, B, shewing the
first operation. Fig. III. is a plan for the same first operation. Figure IV.
represents a side-view elevation, shewing the second operation when the casing
clyster is removed from the mould. Figure V. is a plan of the above elevation.
This apparatus is composed of three principal parts. The first is a mould,
shewing the internal form of the clyster casing. That form can vary according
to convenience. The two component parts A, A¹, are provided with an hinge,
and each of them shew half of the mould, see Figures II. and IV. The second
part is the centre or nucleus B, regulating the internal vacuum of the clyster
casing, and into which the pharmaceutic preparation is to be enclosed. See
Figures I., II, and III. The third exhibits the cap C, shutting hermetically
the top or lid of the clyster casing after the medicament is introduced. See
Figures II., III., IV., and V. The two pieces A, A¹, provided with the hinge K,
being made to approach each other so as to shut the mould, are kept in their
proper positions by the hooks P, P¹, Figures I., II., and III. I begin the first
operation by pouring into the mould the necessary quantity of gelatinous paste
or jelly when in a liquid, with which I must form the casing. That paste
being poured in, I cause the nucleus B to enter into the mould by means of
its guide G, the centre of which corresponds with that of the mould. The
surplus of the paste is forced above at the upper plate H, from which I remove
it when the paste is cooled and settled. The clyster casing having already
some consistence or hardness, I take off the nucleus B, shaking it a little to
avoid its adhering to the paste. I open, after that operation, the pins Q, Q',
by which the mobile plate H was fixed. That plate has prepared a top of
gelatinous paste jutting out toward the top of the mould, and which must
serve as the cap of the casing. The mould being thus uncovered, I insert the
pharmaceutic preparation into the casing, causing the guide D of the cap C,
placed at the upper part of the mould, Figures IV. and V., to come down.

page_text: I introduce a small quantity of the gelatinous paste into the hollow part of the
cap, which I heat very slightly, placing it then in its guide. I obtain then a
perfect union of that paste with the crown or upper part prepared by the piece
top H, and therefore forming the head or cap of the casing. In the centre
of the cap C a small hole is perforated, serving for the egress of the air, and
also for the surplus of the paste; that hole is very small, and is shut in after
the operation by a contraction or setting of the paste. The casing being
entirely closed by the last operation, I remove the two pins P, P¹, by means of
the handle E, separating at the same time the two halves A, A', of the mould.
I take off then from the apparatus the clyster casing, being entirely free and
unconnected with any of the pieces. Before preparing another clyster casing,
I take care to clean entirely and to well grease the three pieces A, B, C.
To accelerate the preparation of the clyster casing, I can, by means of the
usual mechanical contrivances too well known to require any further expla-
nation, construct my apparatus with twelve or any number of moulds, and
therefore effect a great saving of labor, and manufacturing more quickly
a greater number at once.
And having now fully described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, I wish it to be understood that I do not confine
myself rigidly to the details of the several processes of heating magnesia, nor
do I claim as my Invention the several parts of any machinery herein-before
described, except as far as they may be employed in carrying out my
Invention. But what I claim as new, and as my Invention, is,-
Firstly, the several described preparations of magnesia, by which I remove
its causticity or bitterness, reduce considerably its volume, and give it a more
suitable colour.
Secondly, the manufacturing of a most efficient purgative, resembling in
taste, smell, and colour, the best known chocolate.
Thirdly, the described mode of preparing an efficient clyster casing for the
administering internally medicines repugnant to the stomach.
Fourthly, the construction of the apparatus for the preparation of clyster
casing as before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Pierre Armand le Comte de Fontaine-
moreau, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fourth day of
February, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
forty-six.
P. DE (L.S.) FONTAINEMOREAU.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Fourth day of February, in
the year above mentioned, the aforesaid Pierre Armand Le Comte de Fon-
tainemoreau came before our Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknow-
ledged the Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained'
in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute in that case made and provided.
Inrolled the same Fourth day of February, in the year above written.