Improvements in Machinery for Spinning Hair, Wool, Hemp, Flax, Grass, Fibre, or other Textile Materials, either Separately or in Combination.
Year: 1893

page_text: "
Date of Application, 30th Mar.; 1893
Complete Specification Left, 27th Jan., 1894-Accepted, 30th June, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for Spinning Hair, Wool, Hemp, Flax,
Grass, Fibre, or other Textile Materials, either Separately or in
Combination.
We ROBERT JAMES EKE, of 77 Lever Street, St. Lukes Middlesex Engineer,
FRANCIS EDWARD TUCKER of Archway House, Esher Surrey, Gentleman, and
FREDERICK HOw, of 252 Kings Road, Kingston Hill, Surrey, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to enable hair, wool, and other fibres to be spun
direct from the carding machine without the aid of drawing frames and is
particularly applicable to spinning hair shoddy and other short staple fibres.
Now according to our invention the fibre as it comes from the cards is divided
into several strips which instead of being felted together by leather bands or other
device are formed into a rough yarn by an apparatus constructed as follows.
In a suitable frame rotate as many spindles as there are strips of sliver to be
collected. Each spindle has at its upper end a fork provided with bearings in
which rotates a roller hereinafter called the lower roller.
The upper portion of the said fork is slotted to receive the axis of a second roller
hereinafter called the upper roller.
This upper roller which rests on the lower end and is driven therefrom by
friction only is provided with a means for attaching the sliver thereto (a hole
through the diameter of the roll will answer the purpose). The lower roll is
caused to rotate by suitable gearing operated by the rotation of the spindle or
driven independently thereof or the said roll may be actuated partly by the
spindle and partly by an independent source of motion so as to cause the said roll
to rotate with any desired velocity. The spindles are driven from the main shaft
of the machine by chains, bands or other suitable gearing. The sliver as it comes
from the carding machine is coiled on the upper rollers by a suitable coiling device
operated from any convenient portion of the mechanism.
By this means the rotation of the spindles put enough twist into the sliver to
enable it to support itself. without breaking down while being drawn-out by the
drawing rollers of the spinning machine and enables us to dispense with the felting
apparatus and doffing rollers now used and intermediate drawing frames...
The upper rollers when full of 'sliver are taken to the spinning frames and. held
in suitable bearings while the material is drawn off.
Dated this 29th day of March.1893.
'
FREDK. WALKER,..
11, Furnival Street, Holborn, London, E.C., Agent for the Applicants.
Improvements in Machinery for Spinning Hair, Wool, Hemp, Flax,
Grass, Fibre, or other Textile Materials, either Separately, or in
Combination.
We, ROBERT JAMES EKE of 77 Lever Street, St. Lukes, Middlesex, Engineer,
FRANCIS EDWARD TUCKER, of Archway House, Esher, Sarrey, Gentleman, and
FREDERICK HOW; of 252 Kings Road, Kingston Hill, Surrey, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to

page_text: be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The object of this invention is to enable hair wool and other fibres to be spun
direct from the carding machine without the aid of drawing frames and is
particularly applicable for spinning hair shoddy and other short staple fibres.
Now according to our invention the fibre as it comes from the cards is divided
into several strips which instead of being felted together by leather bands or other
device are formed into a rough yarn by an apparatus constructed as follows:-
In a suitable frame rotate as many spindles as there are strips of sliver to be
collected. Each spindle has at its upper end a fork provided with bearings in
which rotates a roller hereinafter called the lower roller.
The upper portion of the said fork is slotted to receive the axis of a second
roller hereinafter called the bobbin. This bobbin which rests on the lower roller
and is driven therefrom by friction only is provided with a means for attaching
the sliver thereto (a hole through the diameter of the roll will answer the
purpose).
The lower roller is caused to rotate by suitable gearing operated by the rotation
of the spindle or driven independently thereof or the said roller may be actuated
partly by the spindle and partly by an independent source of motion so as to cause
the said roller to rotate with any desired velocity. The spindles are driven from
the main shaft of the machine by chains bands or other suitable gearing.
The sliver as it comes from the carding machine is coiled on the bobbins by a
suitable coiling device operated from any convenient portion of the mechanism.
By this means the rotation of the spindles put enough twist into the sliver to
enable it to support itself without breaking down while being drawn out by the
drawing rollers of the spinning machine and enables us to dispense with the felting
apparatus and doffing rollers now used and intermediate drawing frames.
The upper rollers or bobbins when full of sliver are taken to the spinning frames
and held in suitable bearings while the material is drawn off.
And in order that our said invention may be fully understood we will proceed
to explain the same with reference to the accompanying sheets of drawings in
which :-
Figure 1 represents side elevation of a machine with seven spindles constructed
according to this invention.
Figure 2 is end elevation of same.
Figure 3 is plan of same.
Figures 4 and 5 are elevations of one spindle and gearing connected therewith
to an enlarged scale.
Figure 6 is plan of same.
Figure 7 is section shewing method of connecting spindles to driving wheels.
Figure 8 is view of one end of machine with spindles driven by bands.
Figure 9 is view of the opposite end of the machine..
Figure 10 is plan shewing connection of spindles to driving drum.
Figure 11 is side elevation of machine shewing an alternative method of driving
the coiling gear.
Figure 12 is end elevation of same.
The same letters denote the same parts in all the figures.
A is the base plate of the machine.
B the main driving shaft.
C. C. bearings to carry the same.
DD fast and loose pulleys.
E spur wheel secured to shaft B.
Fidle wheel rotating on a stud attached to a pivoted slotted link or bracket G.
H spur wheel secured to shaft I.
J bevil wheel secured to shaft B gearing with bevil wheel K which runs loose on
the vertical spindle L.

page_text: M is a spur wheel attached to or formed in one with the wheel K and gearing
with the spur wheel N.
The wheel N is provided with a sleeve N¹ the wheel and sleeve being bored
partly conical and partly parallel as shewn at Figure 7 this wheel and sleeve run
loose on the spindle O which is turned to fit the wheel and sleeve the friction
between the two surfaces being sufficient to cause the said spindle to revolve.
The wheel N gears with an idle wheel P which runs loose on the standard Q the
wheel P gearing with the wheel N on the next spindle.
Each spindle O has a slotted fork R at the upper end thereof to receive a roller
or bobbin S and a roller T the latter of which is secured to a shaft or axle U
rotating in bearings formed in the sides of the fork R.
The bobbin S has passing through the centre thereof a spindle V which drops
into the slot W in the fork o to allow the weight of the bobbin and the yarn
thereon to be sustained by the roller T.
The bobbin S is driven by the roller T so that an even tension is maintained on
the yarn without the aid of differential gearing.
The bottom of each spindle O rests in a footstep X attached to a treadle Y
so that if an end breaks down the attendant depresses the treadle connected to the
spindle from which the yarn has become detached and raises the conical part
thereof out of contact with the wheel N thus stopping one spindle only instead of
the whole machine in order to repair the broken end.
The winding of the yarn on to the bobbin S is effected as follows:-The bobbin
rests on the roller T and is driven from it by friction only so that the yarn is wound
on at a uniform rate.
The roller T is secured to the shaft or axle U which rotates in bearings formed
in the fork R the said shaft having secured thereto a spur wheel Z which gears
with an idle wheel a on a stud b attached to the fork R. The wheel a gears with
the wheel c secured to a shaft rotating in a bearing d and having a bevil wheel e
secured to the other end thereof which engages with a bevil wheel ƒ secured to the
spur wheel
which runs loose on the spindle O.
The spur wheel is driven by the wheel h which is attached to the bevil wheel i
which gears with a bevil wheel secured to the shaft I.
The shaft i is driven from the main shaft B by the wheels EFH whereof F is
an idle wheel which rotates on a stud which may be secured in any desired position
in a slotted link G which link is pivoted to the frame k.
The wheel H is a change wheel and the difference between the number of teeth
in the wheels H and E determines the rate at which the yarn is wound on the
bobbin S and consequently the fineness of and the amount of twist in the yarn.
To ensure the yarn being coiled evenly on the bobbins we provide a suitable
coiling gear preferably constructed as follows to one end of a lever m is attached a
wire n bent as shewn at Figures 2 and 5 to clear the bobbins and rollers which
wire has at the upper end thereof bent wires 1 2 3 through which the yarn passes.
To the other end of the lever (which is pivoted at o to a bracket attached to
the fork R) we attach an L shaped piece of metal q having a slot in the horizontal
portion thereof to receive a metal plate r having as many holes therein as there
are spindles in the machine these holes being large enough to admit of the spindles O
with the gearing attached revolving therein as shewn at Figure 4.
This plate is caused to move up and down at a uniform rate by means of cams s
whereof only one is shewn in the drawing the cam at the driving end of the machine
being omitted for the sake of clearness.
The cam shaft may be driven by worm gearing from the wheel PI as shewn at
Figure 1 or preferably from the overhead shafting by means of speed cones as
shewn at Figures 11 and 12 in which a speed cone t attached to the overhead shaft
drives by means of a belt a similar cone secured to the shaft this shaft has
keyed thereto a sprocket wheel which drives by means of a chain a second sprocket
wheel secured to the bevil wheel u which gears with a bevil wheel u¹ secured to

page_text: the worm shaft the worm on which gears with the wheel on a worm shaft vll
this second worm drives the worm wheel to attached to the cam shaft w¹.
By moving the belt along the cones by means of the belt fork which is caused
to travel in either direction by the screw and hand wheel " the plate r may be
caused to move up and down at such a rate as will ensure the yarn being evenly
and closely coiled on the bobbins S.
Each spindle is supported in bearings formed in a bracket
y the centre bearing
being used to prevent the wheels N from rising when the treadles are depressed.
Instead of the wheel gearing shewn at Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 7, 11 and 12 for
driving the spindles and wind-on motion we may use pulleys and bands, as shewn
at Figures 89, and 10 in which D' D are drums driven by belts chains or cords
from the shafts B and I respectively P P are pulleys driven by bands B' from
the drums D1 and D" instead of the wheels N and g by this means the machine
may be made to run more steadily and with less noise than when cog wheels
are used.
When the spindles are driven by bands instead of raising the spindle to repair
a broken end we may make the bands B' too slack to drive the spindles O and
tighten them sufficiently to rotate the said spindles by means of tension pulleys
operated by springs or weights the said tension pulleys being connected to the
treadles so that when a treadle is depressed the tension pulley to which it is
connected is raised (or lowered as the case may be) and the driving band of the
spindle which is affected by the treadle slackened and the spindle stopped.
Machines constructed as herein before described will spin the sliver direct from
the carding engine and do away with the scribblers doffing rollers and drawing
frames now in use also in case of an end breaking down only one spindle is
stopped and therefore the work proceeds more rapidly than is the case where the
entire machine has to be stopped to repair a broken end.
By the use of change wheels to drive the winding on motion yarn of any
degree of fineness may be spun on one machine.
Also as it is not necessary to felt the sliver before putting in the twist we can
spin wool hair and other fibres without using oil; water or a solution of
mucilage being all that is required when it is necessary to moisten the fibre before
spinning.
The sliver as it comes from the carding engine may be passed over a wire or rod
above the top of the wire n or between light rollers the twist being put into the
sliver between the bobbin S and the said rollers or wire or rod.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. In a machine for spinning hair wool and other fibres the spindle O attached
to a fork R having slots W in the upper end thereof and bearings to receive the
spindle U substantially as described and for the purposes stated.
2. In a machine for spinning hair wool and other fibres the spindle O having a
fork Rattached to the upper end thereof a coned portion O' fitting a wheel N or
pulley P¹ and the lower end supported in a footstep X connected or attached to
à suitable treadle substantially as hereinbefore specified and for the purposes
stated.
3. In a machine for spinning hair wool and other fibres constructed as herein-
before described actuating the winding on bobbin by frictional contact with a live
roller rotating at a uniform velocity for the purpose hereinbefore stated.
4. In a machine for spinning hair wool and other fibres constructed as herein-
before described the combination of a horizontal bobbin S with a roller T which
roller is rotated at a uniform velocity by means of gearing substantially as
herein before described and shewn at Figures 1, 2, 4 and 5 of the accompanying
drawings.

page_text: 5. In a machine for spinning hair wool and other fibres constructed as described
coiling the yarn evenly on the bobbin S by means of a wire n attached at its lower
end to a lever m oscillated by a rising and falling plater actuated by cams or other
suitable means, substantially as described.
r
6. In a machine for spinning hair wool and other fibres constructed as herein-
before described actuating the plate by means of cams attached to a cam shaft
driven by means of worm gearing the speed of which may be varied by means of
speed cones substantially as herein before described and illustrated by Figures 11
and 12 of the accompanying drawings.
7. In a spinning machine actuating the hereinbefore described spindles by
means of bands the tension of which is regulated by means of weighted tension
pulleys connected to treadles or levers substantially as described and for the purpose.
stated.
8. The improved machine for spinning hair wool and other fibres constructed
substantially as hereinbefore specified and illustrated by the accompanying
drawings.
1
1004
FREDK. WALKER,
11, Furnival Street, Holborn, London, E.C., Agent for the Applicants.