IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LARGE BELLS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Warner, of the house of Jolin
Warner and Sons, of the Crescent, Jewin Street, City, and
John Shotton, Foreman in the employ of the said John Warner
Sealed the 5th December 1853, and dated the 10th October 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Warner
and John Shotton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,,
with their Petition, on the 10th October 1853.
We, FREDERICK WARNER, of the house of John Warner and Sons,
of the Crescent, Jewin Street, City, and Jonx SHOTTON, Foreman in
the employ of the said John Warner and Sons, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
LARGE BELLS" to be as follows:-
Heretofore in casting large bells it has been usual to build up a
core and to coat it with loam, which, when dry, has been covered with
hay bands or other material and faced with loam, such covering, when
dry, representing the intended bell in thickness and device; and from
this as a pattern a loam mould on a suitable frame has been taken,
which mould (after being removed from the core and the pattern of the
bell taken away) has, when dried, been used together with the core for
casting the bell.
Now by our Invention we build up a core and coat it with loam; as

page_text: heretofore, or we make the core of a casting of iron coated with loam;
but in place of making the outer mould from a pattern bell produced
on the core, as formerly practised, we employ a vessel (preferring one
of cast iron) perforated with numerous holes, and of a size somewhat
larger than the intended bell, within which we apply a coating of loam,
and by a suitable strike or pattern we produce the desired form of
mould, and we make any device in such mould that may be desired
to be on the bell. This mould and the core are, when dry, used for
casting the holl
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent;
filed by the said Frederick Warner and John Shotton in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 10th April 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we,
FREDERIC WARNER, of the house of John Warner and Sons, of the
Crescent, Jewin Street, City, and JOHN SHOTTON, Foreman in the
employ of the said John Warner and Sons, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the seven-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Frederic Warner and John Shotton,
Her special licence that we the said Frederic Warner and John
Shotton, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
we, the said Frederic Warner and John Shotton, our executors, admi-
-nistrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to, time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should; and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF LARGE BELLS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said Frederic Warner and John Shotton, by an instrument
in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one
of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and

page_text: cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent
:>
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said. Frederic. Warner, for myself
and the said John-Shotton; do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention; and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described. and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, that is to say: "
Heretofore in casting large bells it has been usual to build up. a core
and to coat it with loam, which, when dry, has been covered with hay
bands or other material and faced with loam, such covering, when dry,
representing the intended bell in thickness and device; and from this
as a pattern a loam mould on a suitable frame has been taken,, which
mould (after being removed from the core and the pattern of the bell
taken away) has, when dried, been used together with the core for
casting the bell.
Now by our Invention we build up a core and coat it with loam, as
heretofore, or we make the core of a casting of iron coated with loam.;
but in place of making the outer mould from a pattern bell produced
on the core, as formerly practised, we employ a vessel (preferring one
of cast iron) perforated with numerous holes, and of a size somewhat
larger than the intended bell, within which we apply a coating of loam,
and by a suitable strike- or pattern we produce the desired form of
mould, and we make any device in such mould that may be desired to
be on the bell. This mould and the core are, when dry, used for casting
the bell
さ
Having thus stated the nature of our Invention, we will proceed to
describe the manner of performing the same. And we would state that,
although an ordinary core may be used when casting a bell, we prefer
to have the core made of a hollow iron casting perforated all over with
holes. The exterior of such casting corresponds as nearly as may be
with the interior figure of the intended bell, but it is less in dimensions
in order that its surface may be. coated over with a surface of loam to
make up the precise form and size of core desired The loam on such
casting is by a strike (which is caused to move round the
core, as is
well understood,) made correctly to represent the reverse of the interior

page_text: of the intended bell which is to be cast thereon. In place of building
or forming (on the outer surface of the core as heretofore) a thickness
of material corresponding with the thickness of metal of which the
intended bell is to consist, or, in other words, in place of making a
temporary bell of loam and other matters on the core, and then taking
therefrom a cast to constitute the outer mould for the bell, we con-
struct the outer mould without the aid of such temporary béll, and
without the aid of the core, and in place thereof we produce the
outer mould by using a hollow iron casting perforated with numerous
holes, and having its interior form corresponding generally to the
exterior form of the intended bell, but such interior is made larger
than the exterior of the intended liell in order to admit of an internal
coating of loam being applied, which loam surface, by the aid of a
strike or template rotating on a central axis within the mould, is made
to assume the form for producing the correct exterior form of the
intended bell. The core and the external mould being thus produced
are dried and then placed correctly together, and the bell is to be cast
in the ordinary manner. By these means of preparing or forming of
the exterior mould and the core the expense of making a temporary
bell of loam and other matters on the core will be avoided, and the
making up of suitable moulds for casting large bells will be greatly
facilitated, and great correctness of manufacture ensured.
What we claim is, the mode of manufacturing large bells herein
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederic Warner, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Seventh day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
Witness,
JNO. ALCOCK.
FREDERIC WARNER. (L.S.)