MENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND PRESERVATION OF GRAIN, PULSE, SEEDS, AND FLOUR OR MEAL, AND IN THE APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREIN.
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in
IMPROVE
the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of "
MENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND PRESERVATION OF GRAIN, PULSE, SEEDS, AND
FLOUR OR MEAL, AND IN THE APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREIN.'-A
communication from abroad by Wilhelm Ramann, of Amsterdam, in
the Kingdom of Holland.
Sealed the 26th April 1867, and dated the 30th October 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 30th October 1866. .
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND PRESERVATION OF GRAIN; PULSE, SEEDS,
AND FLOUR OR MEAL, AND IN THE APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREIN," a
communication to me from abroad by Wilhelm Ramann, of Amsterdam, in
the Kingdom of Holland, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a system or mode of treating grain, pulse, seeds,
and flour or ineal with a view to the prevention of decay therein or of

page_text: arresting decay when such has taken place, and consists essentially in forcing
aireither in a warm or cold state through numerous perforated pipes into and
amongst the substances to be treated, which may be contained in any ordinary
granery, the hold ofaship or vessel, or in any other chamber or space, such air
being mixed or notwithapeculiarpreservativegas herein-after described, which
gas is not in any way injurious to health; this peculiar gas is of the nature
of sulphurous acid gas, with which is mixed volatile rosin oil, and is forced
by the aid of a bloweralong with atmospheric air through perforated pipes or
otherwise into the substances to be operated upon; an exhauster being also
used, if desired, for drawing such air or gas through the mass ofgrain and out
of the chamber containing the same. In making this gas I proceed as fol-
lows: I take flowers of sulphur, refined rosin, and chips or sawdust of any
wood containing a large proportion of iron, such, for example, as mahogany
and ebony, and I burn these ingredients, which may be used in any suitable
proportions, in a convenient stove or fire-place, the resulting gas being thence
conveyed by a pipe or tube to the casing of the fan or blower. The object of
the wood containing iron is to absorb any impurities there: may be in the gas.
The chambers or spaces containing the grain, seeds, or pulse to be treated are
of any ordinary construction, and are provided with numerous perforated pipes
or tubes, which may be readily removed and re-erected in another chamber if
required, and should be shaped to conform to the general contour of the
chamber, such, for example, as the hold of a vessel, the number of such pipes
depending on the quantity and quality of the grain to be treated. Through
these perforated pipes a number of finely devided streams of warm or cold air
or gas, according as may be required, are forced by the fan or other blowing
apparatus. Flour or meal may be treated at the time of grinding by directing
a current or currents of a mixture of air and the gas above referred to between
or near to the grinding surfaces, an exhauster drawing off such air and gas
after its operation upon the flour or meal. In treating flour or meal when
stored the gas and air may be introduced into it in a similar manner to that
described in reference to the treatment of grain, seeds, and pulse, namely, by
forcing it therein, or the flour or meal may be allowed to descend from a sieve
or screen through a chamber which is kept supplied with the required gas
by being in direct communication with the gas-producing stove, in which
latter case the blower may be dispensed with, as the flour or meal simply
falls in a divided state through an atmosphere of the gas.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 29th April 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirieth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the thirtieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Henry Johnson, Her special license that I, the said John
Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said John Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND PRESERVATION OF GRAIN, PULSE, SEEDS, AND
FLOUR OR MEAL, AND IN THE APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREIN," a communi-
cation to me from abroad by Wilhelm Ramann, of Amsterdam, in the Kingdom
of Holland, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Henry
Johnson,myexecutors or administrators, byau instrument in writing under my
hand and seal,should particularlydescribe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six. calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Johnson, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings,
andto the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :—
The said Invention relates to a system or mode of treating grain, pulse,
seed, and flour or meal with a view to the prevention of decay therein or of
aresting decay when such has taken place,and consists essentially in forcing
air either in a warm or cold state through numerous perforated pipes into and
amongst the substances to be treated, which may be contained in any ordinary
granary, the hold of a ship or vessel, or in any other chamber or space, such
air being mixed or not with a peculiar preservative or antiseptic gas herein

page_text: after described, which gas is not in any way injurious to health; this peculia
gas is of the nature of sulphurous acid gas with which is mixed volatile rosin
oil, and is forced by the aid of a blower along with atmospheric air through
perforated pipes or otherwise into the substances to be operated upon; an
exhauster being also used, if desired, for drawing such air or gas through the
mass of grain and out of the chamber containing the same. In making this
gas I proceed as follows:-I take flowers of sulphur, refined rosin, and chips
or sawdust of any wood containing a large proportion of iron, such, for
éxample, as mahogany and ebony, and 1 burn these ingredients, which may
be used in any suitable proportions, in a convenient stove or fire-place, the
resulting gas being thence conveyed by a pipe or tube to the casing of the fau
or blower. The object of the wood containing iron is to absorb any im
purities there may be in the gas. The chambers or spaces containing the
grain, seeds, or pulse to be treated are of any ordinary construction, and are
provided with numerous perforated pipes or tubes, which may be readily
removed and re-erected in another chamber if required, and should be shaped
to conform to the general contour of the chamber, such, for example, as the
hold of a vessel, the number of such pipes dépending on the quantity and
quality of the grain to be treated. Through these perforated pipes a number
of finely divided streams of warm or cold air or the gas before referred to, or
both combined, according as may be required; are forced by the fan or other
blowing apparatus. Flour or meal may be treated at the time of grinding by
directing a current or currents of a mixture of air and the gas above referred
o between or near to the grinding surfaces, an exhauster drawing off such air
and gas after its operation upon the flour or meal. In treating flour or meal
when stored the gas and air may be introduced into it in a similar manner to
that described in reference to the treatment of grain,seeds,and pulse, namely
by forcing it therein, or the flour and meal may be allowed to descend from a
seive or screen through a chamber which is kept supplied with the required
gas by being in direct communication with the gas-producing stove, in which
latter case the blower may be dispensed with, as the flour or meal simply falls
in a divided state through an atmosphere of the
gas.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood I shall
now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose
shall refer to the several Figures on the annexed Sheets of Drawings, the
same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in all the Figures.
Figure 1 on Sheet 1 of the Drawings represents a side elevation of the
stove and blower, which may be employed for preparing the antiseptic gas
herein-before referred to or for warming atmospheric air and forcing it into

page_text: and amongst the substances to be treated; Figure 2 is a plan of the same;
and Figure 3 is a sectional elevation of the stove.
a is the stove or fire-place, and 6, a blower or fan or other convenient
machine for forcing and exhausting air. This blower may be driven by hand
by the aid of the large belt pulley and winch handle at c, which gives motion
to the smaller pulley d, on the shaft of which are keyed the two pulleys e, e,
giving motion through straps to the small riggers f,f, fast on each end of the
spindle of the blower. Of course steam or water power may be employed for
driving the blower if preferred. gisa pipe communicating with the upper part
of the furnace, and leading into the sides of the fan casing; and h is a pipe
leading from the periphery of the casing b, through which warm or cold air or
gas is forced into the grain or substance to be treated. This main pipe h, with
the horizontal and vertical branch pipes i and k connected therewith,isshown
in side evation and plan at Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 2 of the Drawings. The
horizontal branch pipes i are situateat suitable intervals along the main pipeh
near the floor of the granary or other chamber containing the substances
to be operated upon, and from them branch the vertical perforated pipes
k, k, extending to nearly the top of the chamber, and passing through the
mass of grain on the floor l. In order to equalize as much as possible the
supply of air or gas to the several branch pipes i and perforated pipes k,
it is proposed to gradually diminish the area or bore of the main pipe h
towards its extreme end, as shown on Sheets 2 and 3 of the Drawings.
In Sheet 3 I have represented a plan view of a horizontal arrangemont of
perforated pipes, such pipes being connected directly to the central main h
in lieu of being placed vertically and connected to branch pipes i, i, as in
Sheet2.
Figure 1 on Sheet 4 represents a sectional elevation, and Figure 2 a plan
of a mode of and means for treating, with a view to preservation, flour or
meal at the time of grinding.
a is the stove for supplying warm air or the antiseptic gas, or both, to a
blower or fan which exhausts such air or gas from the stove through the"
pipe g, and forcing it along the pipe / through a series of vertical tubes m, m,
situate in the eye of the lower grinding stone of the pair n, n¹, such tubes
m, m, conveying the air or gas near to the actual grinding surfaces of the mill-
stones; this air or gas after its operation upon the flour or meal is drawn off
by an exhauster o connected with the case p of the millstones by a pipe q.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be uove

page_text: and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First, the general system or mode of treating and preserving grain, pulse,
seeds, flour, and meal, and the apparatus or means employed therein, sub-
stantially as herein-before described.
Second, the forcing of warm or cold air or the peculiar antiseptic gas
herein referred to through masses of grain, pulse, seeds, flour, or meal by
the aid of a blower and perforated pipes, substantially as herein specified
and illustrated by the Drawings.
Third, the forcing of warm air or the herein referred to antiseptic gas,
or both, by the aid of a blower between or near to the grinding surfaces of
millstones, with a view to the preservation of the meal or flour and the
exhaustion of such air or gas or mixture of the same from the casing by
an exhaust fan or other suitable exhauster, as herein-before described.
Fourth, causing flour or meal to fall through an atmosphere of the herein
referred to antiseptic gas, as and for the purpose herein-before specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Twenty-sixth day of April, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-seven.

page_text: Edicion
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