IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Ambler, of Little Horton, in the Parish
and Borough of Bradford, and County of York, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Sealed the 27th July 1860, and dated the 1st February 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Ambler at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
February 1860.
I, JOSEPH AMBLER, of Little Horton, in the Parish and Borough of
Bradford, and County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention is designed for weaving fabrics of various kinds of materials
by means of two shuttles being thrown or picked across the warp from each
side of the loom alternately, so that the color or thickness of the woof or weft
can be varied for any number of picks or throws required, that is to say, from
one pick to any number of the same color or thickness of woof or weft. This
is accomplished by the use of a double tappet fixed upon the low shaft, which
shaft requires only one revolution, whilst the driving shaft revolves four times.
Also an arrangement for turning a revolving or sliding shuttle box; said box
being preserved by the application of a coating of iron, or any other metal
thereto. The movement or working of the shuttle box is obtained by an
excentric motion fixed upon the driving shaft of the loom, and attached to a

page_text: lever fixed to the framework of the loom. The lever referred to is of a
peculiar construction not hitherto used in looms, that is to say, the orbit in
which said lever moves for actuating the shuttle box is regulated by a lifting
rod attached to an excentric motion fixed on the top shaft of the loom; said
lifting rod being placed either nearer to or farther from the fulcrum of said
lever as desired.
I would observe that in using two shuttles in the manner above described,
that is to say, by having more threads or woof in use at one time, should a
breakage take place in any of those threads or woof, the loom would not stop
(as it should do), but provision is made to effect a stoppage of the loom by
the use of another excentric motion, placed also on the driving shaft before
mentioned, and connected with the going part of the loom. I would also
observe that in the use of thick and strong threads or woof, it frequently
happens that by a stoppage of the same threads or woof in coming from the
bobbin in the shuttle or shuttles the warp may be damaged or cut; I propose
to prevent such damage by adapting a metallic guard or pin to the going part
of the loom.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Ambler in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st
August 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
AMBLER, of Little Horton, in the Parish and Borough of Bradford, and County
of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of February in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Joseph Ambler, Her special licence that I, the said Joseph Ambler, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph
Ambler, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Joseph
Ambler, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under

page_text: my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Ambler, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per---
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
The improvements relate to means or apparatus for weaving fabrics of
various or any kind of material by two shuttles being thrown or picked across
the warp from each side of the loom alternately, so that the colour or thick-
ness of the woof or weft can be varied as required. I carry the same into
effect, firstly, by fixing upon the bottoni shaft of a loom a tappet wheel, with
two tappets or noses, which tappets or noses being moveable can be changed,
so as to weave the ordinary plain goods; and by altering the main driving
wheels of the loom in such a proportion that the crank shaft revolves four
times to the bottom shaft once.
Secondly, by means of a sliding shuttle-box, with two or more compart-
ments or shuttle chambers at each end of the loom, which compartments or
shuttle chambers are raised and lowered, and so alternately placed before the
shuttle race by tappets fixed upon a shaft moving in bearings attached to the
batten, which receives its motion from a catch fixed on the main framework
of the loom acting upon a catch wheel on the shaft afore-mentioned.
Thirdly, should either of the different kinds of weft at each side of the loom
break whilst being picked across the warp, provision is made for stopping the
loom by means of a tappet, with two studs fixed upon the bottom shaft at each
side of the loom, which studs act upon levers connected to the weft levers, which
work in conjunction with the weft forks in the ordinary manner for throwing
off the belt, and thus stopping the loom.
But that the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner I carry the
same into effect, may be fully understood, I will now proceed to describe the
Drawings annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 and Figure 2 show end views, and Figure 3 a front view of a loom
with my improvements applied; Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7, show some of the
parts separately, namely, Figure 4 a back view, and Figure 5 a section of the
|shuttle box; Figure 6 a separate view of the tappet mentioned in the first part,.
with my improvements applied; Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7, show some of the
parts separately, namely, Figure 4 a back view, and Figure 5 a section of the
shuttle box; Figure 6 a separate view of the tappet mentioned in the first part,.

page_text: and Fig. 7 a separate view of tappet and lever mentioned in the third part
of my above Specification. a, a, is the main framing; b, the crank axis
connected by the connecting rod c to the swords d, d, of the batten e; fis
the breast beam, and f, the work roller of a common loom. On the bottom
shaft g is fixed a tappet wheel g, with two tappets or noses 92, 92, which are in a
position in the Drawing such as is necessary for weaving plain goods; for my
purpose of weaving fabrics of various kinds of material, one of the tappets g
must change places with the plate g. into whose place it will fit exactly, the
plate g, taking the place of the tappet 92, thus showing how the change is
made from weaving plain goods to weaving fabrics of different kinds of material
and back again; h and h, are the main driving wheels in the proportion of
four to one altering the speed of the bottom shaft g to the crank axis b, in the
same proportion; i is the shuttle box, shewn in the Drawing with two com-
partments sliding by the plates i₁, ₁, in the slides i, i,; on the bottom of the
lower compartment is fixed a bracket plate i, with the stud rollers i, i, which
are acted upon by the tappets k, k, on the shaft k₁, going across the whole
breadth of the loom, and moving in the bearings k₁, k. On the same shaft k
a catch wheel is fixed, which every time the batten moves from the breast
beam slips over the catch , and every time the batten moves towards the
breast beam is consequently turned th of its circumference, and thereby
changes the position of the tappets k, so raising and lowering the box; as it will
be seen in Figures 1, 2, and 3, the tappets on one side of the loom are just in
the contrary position to the tappets k on the other side, thus causing on one side
the bottom compartment, on the other the top compartment of the shuttle box to
be level with the shuttle race, but this is not a necessary feature of my Invention.
k
To assist the shaft k in turning one quarter revolution, and to fix it exactly
in this position until acted upon again by the catch ₁, a hammer m is pressed
by a spring m, against a corresponding four-sided plate me, which hammer is
fixed to the sword d by a braket ms. To set the shuttle box in the position
required by the weaver a spoke wheel n is fixed at one end of the shaft k₁.
Each compartment of the shuttle box is provided with a spring o, in the usual
way to stop the loom if the shuttle does not enter the compartment properly
and lifts the catch o₁; likewise a fork p is fixed to the shuttle box to lift the
weft out of the reach of the weft fork when required.
The third part of my improvements consists of the tappet q fixed upon the
bottom shaft g; this tappet has an inside rin q₁ and four slotts 2. 92, two of
which are occupied by the studs 93, 93, on the rim q, run the rollers, fixed in
the levers, which levers being connected with the weft levers s act upon the
weft forks s, in the usual way.

page_text: Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner I carry the same into effect, I would have it understood that I do
not confine myself to the precise details shown and described, as these may
be varied without departing from the peculiar character of the improvements;
but what I do claim is,―
First, the arranging and combining of the tappet wheel g, with the two
tappets or noses g₁, as afore described.
Secondly, I claim the arranging of the apparatus for actuating and
moving the sliding shuttle box and combining the same, substantially as
described.
Thirdly, I claim the arranging and combining of the tappet q and lever r₁,
and the way it is connected with the weft stopping-motion, substantially as
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Ambler, bave hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
Witness,
RIPHATH BOTTOMLEY.
JOSEPHI AMBLER. (L.S.)