IMPROVE- MENTS IN HACKLING MACHINERY
Year: 1850

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
JACKSON, of Belfast, Ireland, Flax Dresser, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Sixth day of June,
(One thousand eight hundred and fifty,) in the thirteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said George Jackson, my exors, adññors, and assigns, Her especial license,
full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said George Jackson, my
exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George Jackson,
my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HACKLING MACHINERY;" in which said Letters Patent is contained
a proviso, that I, the said George Jackson, should cause a particular
description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in
part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto
had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
George Jackson, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and

page_text: the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon,
that is to say:-
My Invention consists, first, of improvements in hackling machines, for
the purpose of reversing the motion of the surface of hackles.
Secondly, my Invention consists of improvements in hackling machines,
whereby two or more sets of holders may be employed with one hackling
surface.
Thirdly, my Invention consists of improvements in hackling machines for
facilitating the movement of the holders with machines.
Fourthly, my Invention consists of improvements in the means of stripping
the hackles of hackling machines.
And in order that my Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a plan, Figure 2 is a front elevation, and Figures 3 and 4 are
two end elevations, of so much of a machine for hackling as will enable me to
describe the first part of my Invention, which consists of a mode of giving
motion to a surface of hackles, in such manner that its motion may be readily
reversed, and thus caused to act on both sides of the fibrous substance under
process. The machine shown is suitable for employing two sets of holders,
according to another part of my Invention, but the improvements for giving
motion to the hackling cylinder are equally applicable when working with only
one set of holders. And I would state in respect to this first part of my
Invention, that I am aware that it has before been proposed to so work
cylinder hackling machines that they may reverse the direction of their action
in order to operate on both sides of the fibrous substance under process; I do
not, therefore, claim the same, but only the means of obtaining such reverse
motion. a is the shaft or axis of the hackle cylinder b, and it receives motion
by means of two straps c, d, which respectively act on the two fixed pulleys e, f,
and in such manner that when one is in action the other is out of action, there
being two fixed pulleys e, f, and two loose pulleys g, h. On the shaft or axis a
is fixed the worm i, which takes into and drives the worm wheel j, which
turns freely on the axis k, which carries arms l, m, which give motion to the
forks n, o, in such manner that when one strap is on its fast pulley the other
strap is on its loose pulley; on the axis k is fixed a screw or projection, which
passes through the slot in the box of the wheel j, by which means the straps

page_text: will be moved to and fro, and the motion of the axis a reversed; and it
is the giving motion to the axes of the cylinders or surfaces of hackling
machines by the means herein described which constitutes the first part of my
Invention.
I will now proceed to describe the second part of my Invention, which is
applicable to such machines as hackle only at one side of the substance; and
has for its object so to arrange such machinery for hackling that two or more
sets of holders may be worked in. combination with one hackling surface;
I prefer to use two sets of holders with the one hackling surface, but, if
desired, apparatus for carrying more sets may be similarly applied. In
carrying out this part of my Inventinn there are to be two or more troughs
or instruments, each suitably arranged for receiving and having holders moved
therein, as is well understood; the sets of holders being at such a distance
apart that the fibrous substance in one set of holders will not extend to the
other set of holders, as will readily be understood by reference to Figures
1, 2, 3, and 4, and also to Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8, in which cases the two
troughs or instruments for carrying the two sets of holders are combined and
move together, and they show two machines, each working with a cylinder of
hackles; but it is not necessary that the troughs or instruments suitable for
carrying holders should be combined and move together; on the contrary, the
same may be separate and work independently of each other, and two or more,
whether combined or separate, may be used to other machines than cylinder
machines. Figure 9 shews a sheet hackle machine having two troughs or
suitable apparatus for receiving and working with two sets of holders and one
hackle surface. The troughs for carrying the holders shewn in the Drawings
are similar to those ordinarily employed when single troughs only are used, but
the form of the troughs or apparatus may be varied so long as the same are
made suitable for working with two or more sets of holders to the same
hackle surface, such hackle surface being arranged with successive degrees of
fineness of hackle points suitable for completing one side of the substance
under process. The Drawings clearly show the means of arranging the
apparatus in each case for the working two or more sets of holders; and a
workman, from the above description, aided by the Drawings, will readily
carry out this part of my Invention.
I will now proceed to describe the third part of my Invention, which has for
its object improvements in the means of moving the holders in troughs of
hackling machines. This part of my Invention is shewn applied in the
machine, Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8, where a double trough is employed, but the
mode of action is also applicable to a single trough, and a workman will ready

page_text: apply the same from the description herein given, aided by the Drawings
p is the axis, which receives motion by the chain and connecting rod p¹ acting
on the pulley p, which is fixed on that axis p. On the axis p is fixed the lever
or arm q, there being a balance weight q¹ thereon, which can be adjusted to
the proper position and fixed by a set screw; r is a band or strap passing over
the pulleys to the pulley t, to which it is affixed. The pulley t turns upon
the fixed stud v, and is affixed to the pulley w, to which a strap is affixed;
which gives motion to the strap a¹, passing under the pulley y as shown, and
to which the rods carrying the fingers are connected for moving the .holders;
and the rods carrying the fingers are drawn back by means of the strap
and weighted rod; thus, by means of the lever q and apparatus working
therewith, a very simple means is obtained for moving the holders through the
machine.
I will now describe the fourth part of my Invention, which has for its object
improvements in stripping the hackle teeth. For this purpose, between each two
neighbouring sets of hackle pins there is a moveable plate A, of a width to fill,
or nearly to fill, the space between two neighbouring sets of hackle pins; these
plates are made to lie within the spaces where the hackle pins come into
'action, and they are moved outward so as to strip the teeth.
For coarse
hackle pins the. simple plates A have been found sufficient, but when fine
hackle pins are used the edges of the stripping plates may have projecting
brushes fixed thereto, to enter amongst the hackle pins. This part of my
'Invention is shown applied to the two machines shown respectively by Figures
1, 2, 3, 4, and Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, and the stripping plates and bars to which
they are fixed are shown separately at Figures 10, 11, 12, and 13. The
plates A. are fixed to bars A', as shown, there being projections or stems A²,
which stand off from the bars A', to which the plates are affixed, and these
'stems pass between the guides B which are fixed to the rings C, to which the
hackle bars D are fastened. The rings C have spokes, by which they are
fixed to the axle a, and in this manner is the cylinder of hackles constructed,
cach two neighbouring sets of hackles having between them a stripping .plate,
and the bars A¹ of such stripping plates are at their ends received into the
hollow rings of the wheels F at each end of the hackling cylinder, and the
naves or bosses of the wheels F turn on hollow, fixed, yet adjustable axes G,
the axis of the hackle cylinder passing through the hollow bearings G. of the
wheels F. The hollow bearings G are carried by the plates G', fixed by
screws G to the end framings of the machine, there being slots to allow the
plates G¹ to be placed and held in such an excentric position in respect to the
axis of the hackle cylinder by the set screws H, H, as to obtain the adjustment

page_text: desired for the working of the stripping plates. This means of adjusting
and applying stripping plates, although shown in the several Figures above
mentioned, will be more readily understood by reference to Figures 5, 6, 7, 8,
9, and 10, where these parts are shown more fully and with greater clearness
than in the other Figures.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I would have it understood that I make
no claim to the separate mechanical parts used in carrying out my Invention,
nor do I confine myself to the details of construction herein shown and
described, as the same may be varied, so long as the peculiar character of
any part of my Invention be retained; but what I claim is,―
First, the means herein described for reversing the motion of cylinder or
other surface of hackles.
Secondly, I claim the arranging of a hackling machine wherein one hackle
surface is employed to hackle (during each traverse of the holders across the
machine), in such manner that two sets of holders may be worked in
combination with the one hackle surface, in the manner above described.
Thirdly, I claim the application of a lever and apparatus, as herein described
for moving holders in hackling machinery.
And, fourthly, I claim the mode herein described of applying stripping
apparatus to hackling machines.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Jackson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this 30th day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty.