AN IMPROVED ENGINE AND APPARATUS TO BE WORKED BY STEAM AND OTHER MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1833

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
REYNOLDS, of Oakwood, near Neath, in the County of Glamorgan, Iron
Master, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Ninth day of January, in the third year of His reign, did,
for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said John
Reynolds, His especial licence that I, the said John Reynolds, my exors,
admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Reynolds, my exors,
adiñors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and
the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "AN IMPROVED ENGINE
AND APPARATUS TO BE WORKED BY STEAM AND OTHER MOTIVE POWER;" in which
said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, obliging me, the said John Reynolds,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe
and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, and to cause the same to be enrolled in His said Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Reynolds, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention to consist,
first, in an improved steam boiler: secondly, in an improved rotary high-
pressure steam engine, wherein many of the working parts are kept steam-
tight by the pressure of steam upon them in various ways: thirdly, in con-
necting with the said rotary high-pressure steam engine a rotary steam engine
to be worked by the expansive force of the steam which has previously worked
the said high-pressure steam engine after it has escaped from the said high-
pressure engine: fourthly, in a pump or water engine, involving a modification
of some of the principles of the said steam engines: fifthly, in an air-compres-
sing apparatus or air engine, involving also many of the principles of the said
steam engines: sixthly, in an improved elastic metallic packing ring or band
for steam engine purposes: and, lastly, in what I call a spring clutch box.
And in further compliance with the said proviso, I, the said John Reynolds, do
hereby describe the manner in which my said Invention is to be performed by
the following statement thereof, reference being had to the three Sheets of
Drawings annexed, numbered 1, 2, and 3, and to the figures and letters
respectively marked thereon; and it may be as well here to observe that similar
letters of reference are used to denote similar parts in all those Figures which
are not otherwise explained or described.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
And first of my improved steam boiler. The boiler is shewn in Sheet I.,
Figures 1, 2, and 3. Figure 1 is a horizontal section of the boiler and flues,
taken on the dotted line W, X, in Figure 2, and shewing the arrangement of
the flues or pipes, the furnace and the fire doors; Figure 2 is a vertical section
of the boiler, taken across the furnace; and Figure 3, a vertical section, taken
longitudinally through it.
A is the furnace, placed within the case of the boiler, and formed in two parts,
joined together by screw bolts at the flanches B; M, M, are the fire bars, and
N the ash pit. Rising from the upper part of the furnace are a number of
short flue pipes C, which open into it, and are provided with flanches on their
euds, on which are fixed by screw bolts the cylindrical pieces D, having necks
on their dome-shaped ends, to which are attached the several flues E. These
flues consist of a series of hollow spheres or bulbs connected by short tubular
necks or pipes; the former are intended to be cast each with two half necks or
short tubes, the ends of which (having been by turning or otherwise rendered of
equal exterior diameter) are to be joined by metal bands or hoops (of sufficient
breadth to embrace a portion of each tube), put on so hot that when contracted

page_text: by cooling they may fit and tightly compress the ends of the tubes shewn at R,
Figure 2. The flues E ascend from the furnace in a zig-zag direction to the
upper part of the boiler, where they are attached by flanches to the curved
pipes F, which have a direction downward, and by which curved pipes and the
pipes O they communicate with the flues shewn on the exterior of the boiler at
its end next to the furnace. The curved pipes F have flanches at both their
ends, for the greater convenience of putting the flues together and of cleansing
them. For these reasons also the case of the boiler is made in two parts, which
are joined together at the flanches G; the furnace and flues are supported in
their places by small bars or metal blocks where requisite, attached by rivets or
otherwise to the case of the boiler, which to avoid complixity are omitted in the
Drawing. His the pipe through which the boiler is supplied with water; the
supply may be regulated by the usual method of a float communicating with a
stop cock or valve. L is the pipe for conveying the steam to the engine; and
P, P, are the safety valves; K is the fire door, by which the furnace is supplied
with fuel. Figure 4 is a detached view of part of the casing of the boiler,
shewing a new mode of uniting the several boiler plates, which is effected by
cutting corresponding dovetailed mortices or notches S in the edges of each
plate, so that the projecting parts or tenons of one plate shall exactly fit the
notches or mortices in the other; and being then inserted in each other, the
joint so formed may by hammering be rendered perfectly close or steam-tight.
Additional strength is given to the joint by rivetting on its outer side the plate
or band T, of sufficient breath to cover and overlap the whole of the joint.
Secondly and thirdly, as to my improved rotary high-pressure steam engine,
and the engine on the expansion principle connected therewith. The two
rotary steam engines are shown in Sheet II., at Figure 5, within the dotted
red line. This Figure represents a horizontal section, taken through the centre
of one of the valve boxes. The smaller engine, in which the steam first
operates, consists of an annular tube, which is in fact the cylinder A, (which
for the sake of brevity and explicitness I shall therefore call "the cylinder,")
of uniform interior shape throughout, and having in the middle of its inner side
a longitudinal opening to admit and allow the rotation of the hollow arms B, to
which the piston plates are attached, (see Figure 6, 7, and 8) on Sheet III.,)
carrying the brass packing rings, which latter fit accurately the interior of the
cylinder, with their inverted ends protruding into and fitting against the sides of
the opening made for the arms to revolve in. The packing rings of the pistons
are formed of parts or segments, as shown in Figure 27, Sheet III., the semi-
circular parts p, p, having an expansive tendancy given them, by their being
made somewhat wider or of greater span than the space they are required to

page_text: occupy, and into which they are compressed. The packing rings of the pistons
have one of their sides fitted to the piston plate, and on their other side they
have a recess or ledge to receive the edges of the covering plate or holding
down plate, which is screwed to the piston plate; the space between these plates
is filled with stuffing and oil, and has a passage or aperture (not shewn. in the
Drawing) communicating with the space N. C, C, are projections cast on
the cylinder, which together with the cylindrical part L of the revolving ring
J, L, form the steam chamber D, which runs parallel with the cylinder
throughout its circuit, (see Figure 5), and has the pipe or passage E opening
into it from the steam pipe. The cylinder A has also on its outer side attached
to or cast on to it three equidistant cases or recesses F, to receive the valves
when withdrawn, (seen best in Figure 9, Sheet III., which is a vertical section.)
These recesses open into the cylinder, and receive the sliding valves G, which
have rods or stalks H passing through stuffing boxes in the back of the cases.
The valves are so much larger than the sectional area of the cylinder, as that
when placed across it their edges are held in grooves I formed in its substance,
in which they slide to and fro, and with which (on one at least of their sides
or faces) they accurately coincide, or otherwise the grooves may be furnished
with stuffing to press against their edges; their front edges have a hollow or
groove, which embraces and closely fits the front or projecting part of the
expansive ring J, L, (see Figures 6 and 7, and 12,) which revolves in or
against it. B, B, are the hollow arms by which the pistons are attached to the
shaft, and in which are also the steam passages g, g, h, h, shown by dotted lines,
the former communicating with the steam channel D and the cylinder A, and
the latter leading from the cylinder to the hollow. interior of the shaft P;
attached to the arms and concentric with the cylinder is the cylindrical
ring K, which, together with the rings O, O, encloses the space or chamber
N at the back of the expansive ring J, L, which is formed of segments
fitted together in the manner of Barton's piston, and having a projecting
conical part J. which fills the opening in the cylinder, except so much
of it as is occupied by the ends of the arms B, (see Figures 6 and 7); the
broad cylindrical part L covers the steam chamber D, and fits and revolves
against the parts a and 6 of the projections of the cylinder, as does the
narrow cylindrical part of the ring against part c. The part L has the pas-
sages t, t, communicating from the chamber D to the apertures u, u, in the
induction passages g, g, of the arms B, see Figures 6, 7, and 8, (Sheet III.)
The space N is filled with stuffing, and oil and black lead, or other
lubricating matter, and may be made to communicate by a small aperture
with one of the induction steam passages, or with a vessel containing oil

page_text: attached to any part of the ring K. O, O, are flanched rings or plates, screwed
down upon the stuffing in the space N, and upon the edges of the rings K
and L, see Figure 5; P is the shaft, consisting of one central and two end
pieces, the latter of which revolve in the bearings R, R, (which should be
furnished with adjusting screws,) and the former connects the arms of the
smaller machine with those of the larger one, and has two distinct passages
longitudinally through it, each of which affords communication between the
steam passages in those of the arms of the two machines which are on the
same side the shaft. Affixed to the shaft is a tappet wheel d, carrying or
having in it an eccentric groove or channel r (see Figure 10), in which are
placed the rollers M attached to the connecting rods Q, Q, which pass through
the guides Q, Q*, and are affixed to the short levers of the spindles S, S,
the long levers of which, by means of the jaws T at their ends, hold the pins
of the rods U, which rods passing through the guides V are joined to the sliding
valve rods H by the cross heads or caps Y; the spindles are supported by the
bracketts Z, Z, fixed to the flanche of the cylinder A (see Figures 9 and 11).
To provide against the wear of the tappet grooves and rollers rendering the
slide valve movement incomplete, the long levers should be made of spring steel
or other elastic material, and the throw or eccentricity of the grooves should be
made rather greater than the stroke or movement of the valves. The larger
machine is about three times the capacity of the smaller one above described,
and similar to it in construction in all respects, excepting that it has not a
steam chamber such as D, and has only the conical portion J of the expansive
rings J, L, as shown in Figure 12; the oil or other matter between which and
the ring K is prevented from escaping by the elastic expansive rings e, e,
(hereafter more fully described,) and the stuffing behind them compressed by
the flanches or capping rings f, f. The outer flange or lip of these capping rings
it will be seen are wedge-shaped, and thus, as they are drawn towards the edges
of the ring K by means of the screw shown in Figure 5, the outer flange
presses out the packing against the rings e, e, and keeps all steam-tight. The
steam induction passages 9 are in the arms, and shewn by the dotted lines, as
is also the eduction passage h, which leads to the aperture 1, 1, through the
side of the arm, from which the steam is received in the hollow stationary ring i
by its open side, which is placed over the apertures 1, 1, having its edges
confined to the flat sides of the arms, and so also to the plates or segments
which continue the plane of the sides of the arms by the grooved rings m, m,
which are screwed thereon, from the hollow ring i, the pipes n, n, lead to the
atmosphere or to a condenser. The above-described parts are more clearly
shewn by Figures 24 and 25, Sheet II., (the former being a plan and the latter

page_text: Figure 6 is a
an edge view, in which k, k, are the plates or segments between the arms, and
covering the open side of the ring i, and the arrows shew the direction in which
the steam flows from the eduction passages of the smaller engine. Figure 12
is a section through the cylinder A of the larger engine, taken between the
arms. Figure 9 is a sectional plan of the smaller steam engine, shewing
the situation of the valve boxes F, and the position of the pistons in the
cylinder. Figure 11 is an elevation of one side of Figure 9.
separated plan of the expansive revolving ring J, L, and the arms B and piston
plates thereon; Figure 7 is an edge view of the same. Figure 8 is a plan of
the arms B and pistons, and the cylindrical ring K. Figure 27 is a separate
view of the packing ring of the piston. Figure 10 is a Diagram showing the
tappet and slide valve movements. Figure 28, Sheet II., exhibits a sectional
view of such portions of the engine as constitute another arrangement, differing
from that already described in the following respects:-The steam is made
to enter the chamber D of the high-pressure engine though the passage E.
The steam or oil is confined in the space D by the conical revolving rings e, e.
The eduction passage h, h, of the high-pressure engine communicates with the
induction passage g of the expansive engine by means of the pipe F, which (to
obtain a slight flexibility) is made of lead, bound or "served" with wire coiled
spirally round it. In the expansive engine the steam is prevented from
escaping through the opening of the cylinder by the revolving brass rings G, G,
and the conical expansive ring J, which fits in between them, and together
with them and the cylindrical ring K forms the steam or oil space, or chamber
N. The brass rings G, G, have rims on their inner side bent towards each
other, and forming with the ring K the space for stuffing compressed, as
before described. The tappit rings d, d, are affixed to the shaft P exterior of
instead of between the two engines, which will allow of their being made if
desirable of greater diameter, and with more gradual excentric curves to act on
the rollers. When the machine composed of these two engines is required to
work, the steam (by turning a valve or cock in the induction pipe) is admitted
from the boiler through the passage E into the steam chamber D, which it
wholly fills, and whence it flows uninterruptedly through the passages t, t, and
9, g, into the cylinder A, where, being confined between each piston and the
next closed slide valve, it forces the pistons forward, which give rotation to the
shaft P and to the tappet wheel d, d, which carries the rollers M. The steam
is prevented escaping from the cylinder through the opening by part J of the
expansive ring which occupies the opening being subject to a pressure (equal
to that of the steam in the cylinder) from the steam, oil, or other matter in the
space N; no injury, however, would be occasioned by the escape of steam from

page_text: the cylinder into the space N. When either piston has approached so near to
a slide valve (which they do alternately) as that a portion of the eduction
passage which is in front of it has passed the valve, and thereby wholly or
nearly equalized the steam pressure on each side of it, it is withdrawn into
its case to allow the passage of the piston by the action of the tappet wheel d, d,
on the rollers M, which it draws back or towards the shaft, and through it the
rods, levers, &c., which connect it with the rod II of the valve (see Figure 10).
As soon as the piston has passed by the valve it is again projected across the
cylinder by the action of the tappet wheel pushing out the roller, and by it
the rods, levers, &c. connected with the valve. The valve thus closed becomes
the abutment on which the steam flowing in behind the piston acts while the
steam shut in between it and the next valve behind it escapes in its turn
through the eduction passage which is in front of the opposite piston. There
being two pistons and three slide valves, one only of the latter will be open at
one time, the other two being each the steam abutment for the piston next in
advance of it. The steam flowing through the eduction passages of the small
machine passes through its arms, and through the shaft into the arms of the
larger machine and into its cylinder (through the apertures behind the pistons),
where by its expansive power it propels the pistons, (the valves being actuated
in a similar manner as above described, and escapes into the atmosphere, or
into a condenser through the eduction passages. The cylinders are so placed
with respect to each other as that the valves of the larger machine shall be
severally closed behind the pistons immediately before the eduction aperture of
the corresponding piston of the smaller machine passes by one of the valves
and gives egress to the steam beyond it. In these engines there are no cocks
or valves to admit and shut off steam, and no other impediment than the
pistons themselves between the boiler and the condenser. The relative capacity
of the cylinders must be governed by the temperature or density of the steam
employed; the proportion given in the Drawings is intended for steam of about
50 lb. per inch in the boiler.
Fourthly, as to the water engine. The force pump or water engin is eshown
in Figures 13 in Sheet II., and 14 in Sheet III., the former being a vertical
and the latter a horizontal section. It consists of an exterior half of an
annular tube, supposing it to have been divided in a direction nearly parallel
with its axis, and which I shall call the cylinder A. It is formed in two pieces
or semicircles joined by flanches and bolts at 6; its edges are made to coincide
with the bevelled edges of the conical revolving ring C, which has cast on its
interior side four equidistant cases or recesses E to receive the sliding pistons
or valves F, the rods G of which pass through the stuffing boxes at the backs

page_text: of the cases, and at their outer ends are connected with the levers H, which
are worked to and fro by the action of the tappet ring I on the rollers J
K and K are stops or abutments filling up the concavity of the cylinder, and
pressing the brass packing L against the revolving conical ring C. M, M, are
elliptical guards or guides to insure the sliding pistons F being completely
within their cases when they arrive at and have to pass the abutments K, K.
The pistons are furnished with semicircular packings, which fit closely to the
interior of the cylinder and to its edges (as shown by dots in Figure 13), and
which are rendered expansive by being made of rather larger diameter than
the cylinder into which they are to be compressed. N are the induction and
O the eduction pipes; P is the shaft, connected by the arms Q with the
conical ring C.. When the central or revolving portion of the pump is put in
motion by the shaft P and its arms Q, Q, the water between the pistons in
the working part of the cylinder and the abutments (on their eduction sides)
is forced through the pipes O, while a succession of water flows in through the
pipes N. The action of the compressed water on the conical ring C draws its
edges against the corresponding edges of the cylinder A, and thereby prevents
the escape of the water. Figure 15, Sheet II., is a section through the
cylinder A between the abutments K. The pistons are severally propelled
from their cases during their progress from the abutments to the commence-
ment of the working parts or middle half of the semicircular pieces composing
A, and are again drawn into their cases whilst passing from the said working
parts aforesaid to the abutments by the action of the excentric grooves in the
tappet ring I on the rollers J, which are carried round by the shaft P; one
pair of pistons or one single piston may be employed at a time, as occasion
may require, by throwing some of the rollers out of gear with the tappets.
Fifthly, as to the air-compressing apparatus. The air-compressing or regu-
lating engine, Figures 16 and 17, Sheet II., consists of an annular tube A
(which will be called the cylinder), and which in its inner side has an opening
extending through its whole circuit, having on its sides the faced edges B,
made to coincide with the conical face C of the revolving ring D. The
cylinder has two recesses or valve boxes E (similar to those in the steam
engine already described), having sliding valves F with rods and levers a and b
communicating with the tappet G. These sliding valves work in grooves in
the substance of the cylinder, and their ends press against the face C of the
revolving conical ring D, with which they are made to coincide. H is an
air chamber parallel with the cylinder, and formed by the revolving ring D
and the cover K, which has its edge L faced for the brass ring M to revolve
upon, on which ring is placed stuffing compressed by the flanched ring O, which

page_text: is screwed upon the flanch N of the revolving ring D. I is a pipe from the
chamber H to the air vessels (which may be of any description with safety
valves adjusted to their strength); attached by screw bolts to the face C, C, of
the revolving ring d is the piston Q, holding the brass ring R, which fits
accurately to the interior of the cylinder, as do its reverted ends r, r, to
the edges or sides of the opening (see Figure 18). The ring R is made
of somewhat larger diameter than the cylinder in which it is compressed. It
is held in a hollow or recess in the piston Q, and its tendency to expand to
its original form causes it to press uniformly against the cylinder and against
the sides of the opening therein, where the piston is attached to the face C, C.
There are recesses to receive the reverted ends r, r, of the ring R, as shown
by dots in Figure 16. S and T are passages through the revolving ring,
forming communications between the interior of the cylinder and the atmo-
sphere, and which are furnished with stop-cocks, see Figures. 17 and 19.
U and V are passages through the revolving ring D, forming communications
between the interior of the cylinder and the air chamber H, in which passages
are placed the valves W, W, having a slight spring coiled on their stalks to
keep them closed when not forced up by the air compressed beneath them (see'
Figure 20). X is a lever, by which the valve in V is lifted when requisite,
and retained open by the adjusting screw Y on the stalk of ✗. Behind the
passage U there is a small groove or indentation (not shewn in the Drawing)
in that part of the face C of the conical ring d which revolves against the
sliding valves, so that when it is opposite or against one of them it forms a
passage or communication between the portions of the cylinder on each slide.
of the slide valve. P is the shaft, attached to the revolving ring D by the
arms Z. Figure 19 is a section through the passage S, cylinder A, and air
chamber H. Figure 20 is a section through the passage V, cylinder A, and
air chamber H. Figure 18 is a separate view of the expansive ring R, showing
its reverted ends r, r. Figure 26 is an edge view of the piston with the ring R
fitted to its place. Figure 17 is a sectional plan of the air engine, taken on the
dotted line from Y to Z in Figure 16. When the revolving ring D is pro-
pelled by the action of the shaft, the cock T being open and the cock S closed,
the air confined between the piston and the valve in advance of it is compressed
through the passage and valve U into the chamber H, whence it passes through
the pipe I into the receivers. When the passages S and U have passed one
of the sliding valves the air on both sides of it is rendered of equal pressure by.
the communication afforded by the groove (before explained) in the conical
revolving ring, and the slide valve is then withdrawn into its case by the action
of the tappet G on the lever and rods belonging to that slide valve before the

page_text: piston arrives at it, and after the piston has passed it it is replaced across the
cylinder by the action of the tappet ring reversing the movement of the lever
and rods; as there are one piston and two sliding valves, one or other of the
latter is always closed. When the compressed air in the receivers is required
to impel the engine which has previously compressed it, the cock S is opened
and the cock T shut, and the valve W in the passage V is opened by the
lever X, and fixed in that position by tightening the adjusting screw Y by
hand. The compressed air in the receivers passes through the pipe I into the
chamber H, and thence through the passage V into the cylinder A between
the piston and the closed valve behind it, and operates in like manner as the
steam in the high-pressure engine. The air compressed in the cylinder A is
prevented from forcing the revolving ring D from its seat or bearings by the
counteracting force of the equally compressed air in the chamber H. On the
exterior of the upper part of the cylinder A an oil vessel should be fixed,
having pipes or apertures in its bottom communicating with the interior both
of the cylinder and of the chamber H, and having also a pipe at its top com-
municating with that chamber; this it is unnecessary to shew in the Drawings,
but it will be an easy mode of lobricating the interior of the engine.
Sixthly, as to my elastic expansive ring, Figure 21, Sheet II. It is formed
by making the dovetailed mortices and tenons a, a, in the ends of a divided
cylindrical ring of elastic metal, the tenons being made forked by the wedge-
shaped spaces 6 to allow of their sides or prongs being compressed towards each
other. By contracting the ring, the tenons of the one end are inserted into the
mortices of the other, and the ring so contracted in its diameter is placed in
the cylinder or cylindrical ring in which it is to work or revolve, against which
it will be pressed by its tendency to regain its original diameter, while the
close contact of the sides of the tenons and mortices will preclude the passage
of the steam in the direction of its axis. By two such rings, one placed within
the other, with their joints on opposite sides of the circle they form, a more
uniform expansion will be produced. On the same principle, contractive rings
may be made by distending cylindrical rings having the above described tenons
and mortices into a larger diameter than that of which they were originally
formed. In order to make this Figure more explicit, I have colored one end
of the ring darker than the other.
Lastly, as to my spring clutch box. This is shown by Figures 22 and 23 in
Sheet II., the former being a sectional and the latter a plan view. In Figure
23, the centre piece or boss A carries the elastic arms B, B, and the stiff
arms C, C, and is fixed on the end of the working shaft D outside of its
bearing; the elastic arms B, B, are made of steel plates, like an ordinary coach-

page_text: spring, and have on their ends the small rollers r, r, which, when thrown into
gear (the position here shown) with the box E, attached to the engine shaft,
act against the projections e, e, cast on the interior of the sides of the box, and
the flat ends 9, 9, of the stiff arms C, C, act against the spiral springs placed
between the projections S, S. When the engine shaft revolves it impels the
working shaft through the medium of the elastic arms and the spiral springs,
and consequently the vibrations or alteration of centre of the latter shaft
cannot affect the former. It will be seen that the two steam engines, the
pump, and the air-compressing machine are all exhibited upon one shaft, but
this is only done as the most easy mode of shewing their connexion, since each
may have a separate shaft and be otherwise connected if required.
Now whereas I claim as my Invention,-
First, as regards my improved steam boiler, particularly the mode of con-
structing flues with bulbs and necks, as herein-before described, and generally
the construction of flues consisting of spheres or bulbs (against which the
heated air impinges) connected by tubes or necks, and also the mode of uniting
the boiler plates by means of the dovetails aforesaid with the plate or band
rivetted thereon.
And secondly and thirdly, as regards the two steam engines aforesaid, I
claim the general construction and arrangement of the same as a whole to be
new; and I also claim the combination of a high-pressure and expansive
rotary engine by means of a constantly open communication between the front
or eduction side of a piston in the former, and the back or induction side of a
piston in the latter, as herein-before described.
And, fourthly, I claim the construction of the water engine or pump herein-
before described, as far as regards the mode in which the escape of water from
the cylinder is prevented by the pressure of the water in the cylinder.
And, fifthly, I claim generally the use of compressed air as an accumulator
of power to be made use of when required, and which will supply some of the
purposes of a fly wheel in circumstances where from its weight or otherwise
a fly wheel would be objectionable; and I claim particularly the arrangement
in which I have adapted it to a rotary engine, so that the same engine may be
employed either to compress the air or to be impelled by it when compressed
without altering the direction of its rotation.
And, sixthly, I claim the elastic metallic packing ring, herein-before
described.
And, lastly, the application of springs to clutch boxes to prevent concussion
or checks or injury from the vibration or accidental alteration of the centering
of the working or other shafts to which clutch boxes may be applied.

page_text: And such my Invention being, to the best of my knowledge and belief,
entirely new and never before used within that part of His said Majesty's
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, His said
Dominion of Wales, or Town of Berwick upon Tweed, I do hereby declare
this to be my Specification of the same, and that I do verily believe this my
said Specification doth comply in all respects fully and without reserve or
disguise with the proviso in the said herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent contained; wherefore I do hereby claim to maintain exclusive right
and privilege to my said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Reynolds, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Ninth day of July, One thousand eight hundred
and thirty-three.