IMPROVEMENTS IN FABRICS USED FOR AND APPLICABLE FOR CURTAINS, SCREENS, BLINDS, AND OTHER LIKE USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1845

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
TYLOR, of the Firm of Tylor and Pace, of Hackney, in the County of Middlesex,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twenty-eighth day of March, in the eighth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Henry
Tylor, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full power, sole
privilege and authority, that I, the said Henry Tylor, my exors, adiñors, and
assigns, or such others, as I, the said Henry Tylor, my exors, admors, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term of years therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales,
and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FABRICS USED FOR AND APPLICABLE FOR CURTAINS, SCREENS, BLINDS, AND OTHER
LIKE USEFUL PURPOSES;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a
proviso, that I, the said Henry Tylor, shall cause a particular description of
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, under my hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High
Court of Chancery, within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear...

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Henry Tylor, hereby declare that my said improvements are as follows":―
First, I make or manufacture fabrics applicable for curtains, screens, blinds,
and other like useful purposes, of two sheets or pieces of some transparent
material or materials, colored or plain, permamently connected together, one
of which is perforated with holes arranged according to any given pattern or
design; the other is left entire or unperforated, so that when the double fabric
is held up against the light, the half-perforated parts are more transparent than
the other parts, and the pattern or design is distinctly visible.
Second, I make or manufacture fabrics applicable to the said purposes of
two sheets or pieces permamently united together, one of which is perforated
according to any given pattern or design, and the other left entire or unper-
forated; but one or both of which sheets is opaque (instead of being
transparent), and that which is left entire or unperforated is of some color
different from that of the other, and such that it will shew its color strongly
through the holes of the perforated sheet.
Third, I make or manufacture fabrics for the said purposes of either of the
said descriptions, rendered impervious to wet by the application of caoutchouc.
Fourth, I make or manufacture fabrics applicable to the said purposes of
two or more sheets of paper, permamently combined with a sheet of linen or
cotton cloth, or other woven fabric, and perforated through and through,
according to any given pattern or design, as aforesaid.
The manner in which the said Invention or improvements are carried into
effect is as follows:-To form the fabric first above described of two trans-
parent sheets or pieces aforesaid I prefer to make the sheet or piece which is
intended to carry the pattern or design of paper or pasteboard, because of the
greater facility with which paper and pasteboard can be perforated compared
with other substances, and I perforate it by means of such machinery as has
been long well known and in general use for the perforation of sheets of paper
and zinc and other metals. I then lay the perforated sheet of paper or paste-
board upon a bench or table, and do over the top surface of it with paste. The
sheet is then lifted from the bench or table, and placed with the pasted side
undermost upon a sheet or web of linen or cloth, or other woven fabric which
has been stretched in a frame, while in a wet or damp state, and the two
surfaces are carefully pressed together and combined by wiping and rubbing
them with a damp sponge, which removes at the same time any superfluous
moisture or paste. And finally, I pass the united sheets or double fabric when.
dry and removed from the frame between rollers, in order to combine the
sheets more closely together and to give them externally a smooth or glazed

page_text: appearance. If it is desired to have the perforated sheet of some woven fabric,
as silk or cotton, I prepare it for and effect the perforation in manner
following: I stretch the sheet in a frame and do it over with size, gum, or
some other adhesive substance, in order to stiffen it and to cause the fibres to
cohere closely together. When dry I remove it from the pressure, and place
it upon or slightly attach it by the ends to a sheet of paper, and both the sheets
are then passed through the apparatus for punching the device. By the sizing
of the silk, cotton, or other fabric, and the underlaying it (for the purpose of
punching) with this loose sheet of paper, I obtain a clean edge to the per->
forations, which would otherwise be liable to be ragged and uneven. The two-
sheets which are ultimately to form the new fabric may be either of the same
color or of different colors, as for example, both may be white, or the perforated
one may be white and the unperforated one may be amber color, and vice
versa.
To form the fabric, secondly above described, with one or both of the sheets
opaque, as aforesaid, I follow the same processes as last herein-before described,
and employ the like materials (excepting only that in this case the opaque
sheets are either of a thicker or a darker sort), and I use each in the same
way, that is to say, I prefer for the reasons before given that in every case.
whether one or both sheets are opaque, that the perforated sheet should be of
paper or pasteboard, and the other or unperforated sheet should be of some
woven and more tenacious material, as cotton or linen cloth. When the paper
or pasteboard is opaque, I employ either such as has been rendered opaque by
additional thickness of material, or by the incorporation of suitable coloring
matters with the pulps in the course of manufacture, or by any suitable
external coating. When the unperforated sheet is opaque, I employ such as
possesses a color that will contrast strongly with that of the perforated sheet,
as black with white, or red with, green.
To render the fabrics, thirdly above described, being fabrics of either of the
descriptions aforesaid, impervious to wet, Ilinterpose between the two sheets or
pieces a layer of caoutchouc, applied either in the state of solution or in the
state of a soft pulp, according to any of the well-known methods practised in
the manufacture of caoutchouc waterproof cloths.
To form the fabrics, fourthly above described, perforated through and through
5 as aforesaid, I employ two or more sheets of paper, and having done over the
surface of one or both of them with paste, I interpose a sheet of cotton, linen,
or other woven fabric which I have previously dipped into or coated with size,
or some other stiffening solution, and combine them by pressure in the same
manner as pasteboards are generally manufactured, whereby I produce a fabric

page_text: much more tenacious than paper and not so readily rent or torn. When dry,
I perforate the fabric with devices similar to those of the well-known.per-
forated dwarf metallic blind, and in the same way after which I paint and
varnish the surface, and glaze it by means of rollers, so as to produce a close
imitation in appearance of metallic blinds.
The uses to which these fabrics may be applied are many. The fabrics of
the first of the sorts before described will be found most suitable for in-door.
contrivances, to produce a diminished and softened light, such as transparent.
curtains, roller or framed window blinds, coach blinds, &c. The fabrics of the
second sort are well adapted for fire-screens, bookcase, doors, and other articles
intended to intercept heat or dust. The fabrics of the third sort are best
suited for out-of-door use, and will be found to answer well for outside window.
blinds, umbrellas, parasols, and other similar articles. The fabrics of the
fourth sort are especially adapted for dwarf window blinds, and are intended to
form'a cheap substitute for the metallic perforated dwarf window blinds now in
general use.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what,
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I am aware that window.
blinds have been before in use, or proposed to be used, composed of single
sheets or pieces of perforated paper or cloth, and also, that double screens
formed of two sheets of cloth of the same or of different colors, kept separate.
and detached, and moved up and down, the one independently of the other,
have been employed to intercept and color the rays of light (as in the case of
the well-known diorama), and that such double sheets have one or other of
them been occasionally perforated or proposed to be perforated, and that I do
not therefore lay claim to the use of single perforated sheets of paper or cloth,
or of double perforated sheets kept separate and detached for curtain screens,
and other like useful purposes; but that what I claim as of my Invention
is as follows
First, I claim the sole, right to manufacture fabrics applicable for curtains,
screens, blinds, and other like useful purposes, of two sheets, or pieces of some
transparent material or materials permamently united together, one of which
is perforated with holes according to any given pattern or design, and the other
is left entire or unperforated, as before described.
Secondly, I claim the sole right to manufacture fabrics, applicable to the said
purposes, of two sheets or pieces permamently united together, one of which is
perforated according to any given pattern or design, and the other is left entire
or unperforated, but is of a different color from the other, and one or both of
them is opaque (instead of being transparent), as before described.

page_text: Thirdly, I claim the sole right to the manufacture, for the same purposes,
the double fabrics of either of the descriptions aforesaid, rendered impervious
to wet by the application of caoutchouc, as before described.
And fourthly, I claim the sole right of manufacture of fabrics, for the
purposes of dwarf window blinds, composed of two or more sheets of paper
with a sheet of linen or cloth interposed between, and permamently united to
them, and then perforated in patterns through and through, as before
described.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Second