AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SOUP LADLES, TUREENS, GRAVY SPOONS, LADLES, AND SKIMMERS
Year: 1789

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
BAYNES, of the Precinct of Bridewell, in the City of London, Wharfinger, send
greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Eighth day of December, in the thirtieth year of His
reign, did give unto me, the said John Baynes, His special licence, that
I, the said John Baynes, during the term of fourteen years therein expressed;
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SOUP LADLES, TUREENS, GRAVY SPOONS, LADLES, AND
SKIMMERS;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso obliging me,
the said John Baynes, to cause a particular description of the nature of my
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to be inrolled in His
said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within one calendar month next
and immediately after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in
and by the same (relation being thereunto had, may more fully and at
large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that, in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Baynes, do hereby declare that my said Invention or Discovery of an
Improvement in the Construction of Soup Ladles, Tureens, Gravy Spoons,
Ladles, and Skimmers, is for the more easily separating of mixed fluids of
different densities where one floats upon the surface of another, such as fat
floating on the surface of gravy, soup, and broth, cream upon the surface of
milk, and other chemical and philosophical operations, and is effected by con-
structing of soup ladles, tureens, gravy spoons, ladles, and skimmers with a
division or partition within the same, leaving one or more apertures close (or
nearly so) to the bottom of such soup ladle, tureen, gravy spoon, ladle, and
skimmer, in order for the densor fluid to pass through the aperture or
apertures of the said division or partition, and to be poured from or taken
out on the contrary side of the said soup ladle, tureen, gravy spoon, ladle, and
skimmer to which the said liquid was first taken up by or poured into the
said soup ladle, tureen, gravy spoon, ladle, and skimmer respectively, the
upper part of the said division or partition being left without any apertures
therein, in order to resist the escape of the lighter fluid intended to be
separated; the said soup ladles, tureens, gravy spoons, ladles, and skimmers,
to be made with a partial covering on the top thereof connected with the said
division or partition, or being left intirely open, according to the purpose for
which the same is intended; and that I cause the said division or partition
to be placed either in the middle of the said soup ladles, tureens, gravy spoons,
ladles, and skimmers, or in such other parts within the same and in such
directions and with such inclinations as may best suit the form and con-
venience thereof. And the said soup ladles, tureens, gravy spoons, ladles, and
skimmers are made of gold, silver, iron, copper, tin, and various mixtures
thereof, and also of glass and pottery ware.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Baynes, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Fifth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand seven hundred and ninety.

page_text: AND BE IT REMBERED, that on the Fifth day of January, in the year
of our Lord 1790, the aforesaid John Baynes came before our said Lord
the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid,
and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above writ-
ten. And also the Specification aforesaid was stampt according to the tenor
of the Statutes made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Fifth day of January, in the year of our Lord One thousand
seven hundred and ninety.