IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES FOR OMNIBUSES, TRAMWAY CARE, CARTS, AND OTHER SIMILAR VEHICLES
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Schallchn, of Brixton, in the County of
Surrey, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES
FOR OMNIBUSES, TRAMWAY CARE, CARTS, AND OTHER SIMILAR VEHICLES."—A
communication from abroad by Carl Daniel Ohristoph Brühs and
Johan Georg Böhringer, both of Hamburg, Germany.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Schallehn at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd July 1874.
I, HENRY SCHALLENN, of Brixton, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman,
5 do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN BRAKES FOR OMNIBUSES, TRAMWay Cars, Carts, AND OTHER SIMILAR VEHICLES,"
a communication, to be as follows :—
This Invention relates to a self-acting brake for omnubises, carts,
waggons, tramway cars, and similar vehicles, and is designed to render
the stopping of the vehicles by horses altogether unnecessary, for as soon

page_text: as these begin. to go slowly or stand still, and as soon as vehicle comes
on a sloping street or road the self-acting brake enters at once upon its
functions, and only unlocks when the horses start again, and it also affords
a great relief to the horses in starting, as they move the vehicle by
means of a brake spring, which rendors the pulling quite elastic. In 5
case of a horse falling the brako acts also immediately, the collar of the
horse being attached to a brako rod which lies on the shafts, and by the
falling of the horse the brako rod is pushed back by the collar.
In applying the said Invention to an omnibus the said rod is fastened
on the shafts by cramps, and is connected by a scrow with levers, 1
whereby the horses pull. A. spring is arranged in a guide, and in
turning the fore part of the vehicle the said spring turns at the same
time into a hook and guide rod. The two brake blocks are fastened to
two isolated beams, and the two rods, which when put together form a
triangle, are pushed from behind unto the guide rod. I employ two 1
screw nuts by which the said beams are screwed on the guide rod; these
screw nuts serve at the same time for regulating the brake blocks which
are fastened to the beams so as to set the brake blocks when worn closer
to the wheels. The said triangle rests and moves in hooks at the sides
of the vehicle. If the vehicle moves backward the said rods. or triangle 2
will rise with the brake blocks so far in the guide hooks that the brake
blocks are elevated above the centre of the wheel, and thereby cease to
press upon the wheels. As soon as the vehicle stands still or is started
the said brake blocks fall back with the rods or triangle. In pulling on
the spring the whole movement is to the front, and the brake blocks are
thereby withdrawn from the hind wheels to a distance regulated by the
screw nuts.
.
In applying the said Invention to a two wheel vehicle, such as a cart, tho
apparatus is substantially the same as above described, with the difference
that the drawing rod has no hook in which the spring turus, there being
only two hind wheels and no foro wheels on the cart. In the latter the
horse is hitched to hooks, in putting on which the brake is drawn off the
wheels. At the same time by pulling on the said hooks a supporting
bar or shoe is raised clear of the ground, and upon stopping the said
supporting bar or shoe falls by its own weight to the ground, thus å
serving as a rest to relieve the horse of the burden. Racks are fastened
to the shaft, and servo..to keep the said supporting bar or shoc down on

page_text: the ground when the horse has stopped. At the upper end the bar or
shoe is fastened with a hinge joint to the axletree.
The said Invention is applicable to a tilting cart as follows:- -The
upper portion of the cart must be made separately, and must be con-
nected with the shafts by two hinge joints in such a manner that simple
hinge joints are put on the top portion or body, which by tilting over
turns or revolves on the main axletrec on which the wheels are fitted.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Schallehn in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 2nd January 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
SOHALLEEN, of Brixton, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty. Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Socond day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Henry Schallehn, Her special licence
that I, the said Henry Schallehn, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry Schallehn, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES
FOR OMNIBUSES, Tramway Cars, Carts; and otheR SIMILAR VEHICLES,” a com-
munication to me from abroad by Carl Daniel Christoph Brühs and
Johan Georg Böhringer, both of Hamburg, Germany, upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Henry Schallehn, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent

page_text: Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Schallehn, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings forming a part of this Specification:-
This Invention relates to a self-acting brake for omnibuses, carts,
wagons, tramway cars, and similar vehicles, and is designed to render
the exertion of any force by the horses in the stopping of the vehicles
altogether unnecessary, for as soon as the horses begin to go slowly or
stand still, and as soon as the vehicle comes on a sloping sheet or road
the self-acting brako acts at once, and only unlocks when the horses
start again. It also affords a great relief to the horses in starting, as the
-vehicle is moved by means of a brake spring, which renders the pulling 1
very easy and elastic. In case of a horse falling the said brake acts
immediately, the collar of the horso being attached to a brake rod which
lies on the shaft, and by the falling of the horse the said brake rod is
pushed back by the collar.

page_text: Figure 17 is a plan; Figure 18, a side elevation; and Figure 19, a
front clevation of a cart provided with my improved brake; Figures 20-
to 23 shew detached portions of the same.
In Figures 1, 2, 4, 5, a represents the brake rod or bar, which is
fastened on the shaft or pole by cramps, and is connected by a screw with
lovers c, whereby the horses pull; dande are again connected by a
screw with the lovers c and with the springf; dis a spring lying in the
guide rod, and in turning the fore part of the vehicle the said spring
turns at the same time in a hook and guide rod g; h, h, represent two rods
or bars, to which the two brake blocks k, k, are fastened, these two rods
which, when put together form a triangle, are pushed from behind into
the guide rod; 1, 1, represent two screw nuts by which the rods h, h, are
screwed on the guide rod g; these screw nuts 1, 1, servo at the same time
for regulating the brake blocks h, k, which are fastened to the rods h, h,
so as to set the brake blocks k, k, when worn closer to the wheels; i, i, are
hooks in which the said triangle h, h, rests and moves; n, n, are the
whiffletrees. If the vehicle moves backward the rods h, h, rise with the
brake blocks h, k, so far in the guide hooks that the brake blocks k, k,
are elevated above the centre of the wheels, and thereby cease to press
upon the wheels. As soon as the vehicle stands still or is started the
brake blocks k, k, fall back with the rods or triangle h, h. By pulling
on the spring the whole movement is to the front, and the brake blocks.
are thereby withdrawn from the hind wheels to a distance regulated by
the screw nuts.
In the modification of my Invention illustrated in Figures 7 to 14 a
represents the brake rod which is fastened on the shaft or pole by clamps,
and is connected by a screw with the semicircular bar b; the latter is
attached to the levers c and d whereby the horses pull the parts e and f,
which are each connected by a screw to the levers c and d and to the
spring 9. f is a spring lying in the guide rod h, and turning the fore part
of the waggon or omnibus; the said spring f turns at the same time in the
hook formed at the end of the guide rod h; A represents a bar to which
the two brako blocks are fastened. Between the angles and º in
Figure 10 the rod k is semicircular, as shewn in Figure 11; m, m, áre
two rods, each of which is passed through an eye in the bar k, and
secured with front and back nuts. The rods m, m, are attached to the
guide rod by means of a cross head », which is pushed on the guide
rod and fixed by two nuts, as shewn in Figure 12.

page_text: In this modification of my Invention a is a bar running along the top of
the pole, and held thereon by clamps, as above described and shown in
Figure 4; it has attached to it the collar chains, and is fastened to tho
falso splinter bar 6 by means of a screw. The semicircular bar c, which
is attached to the splinter bar b, runs in a hook formed at the end of the
bar d, which passes through two eyes e, f, fixed to the bottom of the
omnibus. The bar d has a bend in it, as shown in Figure 16, but should
bo kept as close as possible to the bottom of the omnibus, allowing space
for the spiral spring g to work freely. The spiral spring 7 is fixed at
onc end to the bar d, and at the other end to the holdfast h, which must
be firmly attached to the bottom of the omnibus. i is a cross head made
in the same manner as that shown in Figure 12, and pushed on the bar d,
being held in position by front and back nuts; k, k, are two bars working
upon the cross head i, to which the brake blocks 1, 1, are fixed, and
which are united to form one bar at the point m, and from this point to
the back of the omnibus, the said bar being weighted at the point o to
lift the blocks 1, 2, when they are released from the wheels; n, n, are
two hooks firmly fixed on the body of the omnibus in which the two
bars k, k, move.
In the event of its being impossible to check the horses it is necessary
for the driver to put on the brake; this can be effected by the following
means, that is to say :-A wire rope is attached to the end of the bar d,
and passed through the centre of the spiral spring over a roller fixed in
the holdfast ⁄ through and over a roller fixed in the bar & at the point o,
thence over a roller fixed to the bottom of the omnibus, and carried up
to the side of the driver. By tightening this rope the bar d is pulled
back, and the bar & raised at the point o, and the brake blocks 1, l, are
brought into contact with the wheels.
In applying the said Invention to a two wheel cart or vehicle, as
represented in Figures 17 to 23, the apparatus is substantially the same
as that above described, with the difference that the drawing rod y has
no hook in which the spring d, d, turns, there being only two hind
wheels and no fore wheels on the cart. In using the latter the horse is
hitched to the hook b, in pulling on which the bars h, h, and brake & is
drawn off the wheels by means of the hook and guide rod g. At the
same time by pulling on the hooks b, b, the supporting bar or shoe m, m, is
raised elcar of the ground, and upon stopping the said supporting bar or

page_text: shoe falls by its own weight to the ground, thus serving as a rest to
relieve the horse of the burden. The rack c, c, is fastened to the shaft,
and serves to keep the supporting bar or shoe m, m, down on the ground
when the horse has stopped. On one end the support m, m, is fastened
with a hinge joint to the axletree.
If the vehicle is to be used as a tilting cart the body of the same must
be made separate from the shafts, and connected by simple hinged joints.
When the body of the cart is tilted it revolves on the main axletree on
which the wheels turn.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to 1
me by my foreign correspondents, and shown how the same may be
conveniently and advantageously carried into practice, I claim,―
First. The brake apparatus operated by the starting and stopping of
the horse or horses, and consisting of the mechanism shown in Figures 1
to 6", comprising the brako rod clamped upon the pole or shaft, the two 1
levers connected to the whiffletrees and by rods or bars with the spring,
which is connected with rods carrying the brake blocks or shoes, and in
combination with the other parts of the brake mechanism hercin described
or with other parts serving the same purposes, and with the wheels of
the vehicle as herein set forth.
2
Second. The modifications of my Invention illustrated in Figures 7 to
14, and comprising the brake rod clamped upon the shaft or pole, and
connected with the semicircular bar or other suitable bar, which is con-
nected with the two levers, whereby the pull of the horses is transmitted
to the brake shoes in combination with the spring and with the other 2
parts of the brake mechanism herein described, or with devices serving
the same purpose, and with the wheels as herein set forth.
Third. The modification of the said Invention illustrated in Figures 15
and 16, comprising the brake rod clamped to the top of the shaft or pole
having the collar chains attached to it, and fastened to the false splinter 3
bar, which is attached to the semicircular bar, and connected thereby
through the intermediate bar with the spiral or other spring in com-
bination with the brake shoes or blocks, and with the other parts of the
brake apparatus herein described or with other devices serving the same
purpose, and with the wheels as hercin set forth and for the
specified.
purpose

page_text: Fourth. The adaptation of my Invention to a cart or two wheeled
vehicle as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Schallehn, have hereunto set
my hand and scal, this Thirty-first day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
Witness,
H. L. BAILEY.
H. SOHALLEHN. (L.s.)