CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN LOOMS
Year: 1844

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
NIELD, of Taunton, in the State of Massachusetts, in the United States of
North America, Machinist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria did, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-fourth day of
July, in the eighth year of Her reign, give and grant unto me, my exors,
adiiors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said James Nield, my exors, admors, and assigns, should
and lawfully might, during the term of fourteen years therein mentioned,
make, use, exercise, and vend, within that part of Her Majesty's United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, Her Dominion of
Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in all Her Majesty's
Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso
that if I, the said James Nield, should not particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, and cause the same to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months then next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent, then that the said Letters Patent, and all liberties.

page_text: and advantages thereby granted, should utterly cease, determine, and become
void, as in and by the same, relation being thereunto had, will more fully and
at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
James Nield, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement and description, reference
being had to the Drawings on one Sheet hereunto annexed, and in which
description and Drawings the same letters and numbers of reference are used
to indicate the same parts in all the Figures in which they occur. I shall in
the first place enumerate the, several parts or improvements of which my
Invention consists, and which are herein-after particularly described. These
are-
First, an improved taking-up motion or novel combination and application of
mechanism for causing the woven cloth to be taken up on the cloth beam as
the weaving progresses.
Secondly, an improved shuttle, change motion or novel construction,
combination and application of mechanical movements, applicable to certain
looms, in which two or more shuttles are used in weaving the same piece of
cloth, for the purpose of presenting the several shuttles in succession to the
action of the pickers.
Thirdly, improvements in or applicable to certain shuttle boxes used in such
last-mentioned looms, for the purposes herein-after described;
Fourthly, an improved apparatus for regulating the delivery of the warp
from the warp beam during the process of weaving. And,
Fifthly, an improved apparatus, whereby the surfaces of the picking tappet
and the picking bowl in the loom are kept parallel to each other when the
former is acting on the latter to give motion to the picking shaft.
In the Drawings, Figure 1 is a plan; Figure 2 a right-hand end view;
Figure 3, a left-hand end view; and Figure 4 a vertical section from front
to back of such parts of a loom as are necessary to be shewn in such Figures
respectively, for the purpose of explaining my said improvements. The red
line, in the plan Figure 1, shews the sectional line on which the section
Figure 4 is taken; but I have not thought it necessary or convenient to shew
all the same parts in both the plan and in the section. Figures 5 to 12, both
inclusive, show separate or detached parts of my said improvements. The
scales to which the several Figures are drawn are stated on the Sheet of
Drawings. A represents the framing of the loom; B, the breast beam;
C, the lay or slay; D, a fiction roller, over and by which the cloth is carried

page_text: to the cloth beam; E, the cloth beam; F, the warp beam; and G, the tappet
shaft.
I now procced to describe the said several parts or improvements of which
my Invention consists, as before enumerated.
As to the first part of my said Invention:-a is a fixing fastened on the
breast beam B, and in which the pin a' is fixed. I is an instrument which I
term the "thread feeler," and is formed of two pieces of wire soldered together,
and bent in the form shewn in Figure 9, where it is drawn in plan and eleva-
tion. For more convenient reference, I term I' the horizontal part, I the up-
right part, and Is the hooked part of this thread feeler. The upright part of the
thread feeler passes through the feeler reed J, which is fixed in the same frame
as the ordinary reed of the loom. The wires or dents of this feeler reed are
set at such distances as to allow the wires of the thread feeler to pass between
them freely, but without any lateral play. The hooked part of the thread
feeler, rests and slides on the pin a'. The end of the horizontal part is fastened
to one end of a cranked wire lever b, mounted in the standard b', fixed to the
loom framing, from the other end of which lever is suspended a chain by
means of a wire screw by which the length of the chain may be regulated.
The lower end of this chain is attached to the dog c, which moves on a stud c²,
fixed in the lever K, and, when not raised by the chain, rests on the fixing c.
On the same stud c the break lever c¹ works loose, but is limited in its action by
a piu projecting from the stud through a notch cut in the collar of the break
lever (best seen in Figure 11), and which notch is of such width that the
projecting pin may prevent the break, on the one hand, from resting on the
dog c, and, on the other hand, from being thrown over to the side of the stud
farthest from the position in which it is seen in the Drawing. d is a tappet
fixed on the tappet shaft G. e is a lever fastened on the stud f, which works
in the fixing g attached to the frame A. e¹ is another lever fastened on the
other end of the stud f, on the other side of the frame A, and is drawn when
at rest against the stud by the spiral spiral spring g', attached at one end to
the lever c, and at the other end to a stud on the loom framing. At the
lower end of the lever e is attached a catch i, which, by means of the slot in
the end of the lever may be adjusted with reference to the length of the teeth
in the ratchet wheel H, which it moves. This ratchet wheel is fixed on the
shaft L. On the same shaft, near to the ratchet wheel, a pinion h is fixed, which
works into and gives motion to the wheel h³, fixed at the end of the friction roller D,
which roller gives motion to the cloth beam E, in order to take up the cloth as
the weaving progresses. j is a catch which prevents the ratchet wheel H from
slipping backwards. The fixing a must be so placed on the breast beam that

page_text: when the hooked part of the thread feeler is drawn against the pin a' by the
weight of the dog c, the upright part of the feeler will be in a line with the
front of the feeler reed J when the reed is within a quarter of an inch of its
nearest approach to the breast beam. The horizontal part of the thread
feeler must be so placed as to move within a groove cut to receive it in the
race board of the lay of such a depth that the shuttle, when thrown, may pass
over it without obstruction. The tappit d, on the tappit shaft G, must be so
arranged as to impel the lever K, which carries the dog c forward at the time
that the thread feeler is in action and raising the dog, which occurs imme-
diately after the shuttle is thrown across the loom to the end on which the
thread feeler is fixed. If the weft or filling thread is carried by the shuttle
beyond the edge of the cloth, and so as to pass between the upright part of the
thread feeler and the feeler reed, then, as the lay advances, the thread pre-
venting the upright part of the thread feeler from passing through the feeler
reed, the thread feeler will be carried forward towards the breast beam by the
advance of the lay, and in so doing, by means of the cranked wire lever b, and
the chain, the dog c will be lifted up, so that as the same is impelled forward
by the tappet d acting on the lever K its notched end will come in contact
with the lever e', and push it towards the breast beam, which will cause the
stud f, on which the lever e' is fixed, to turn, and with it the lever e, which is
thereby drawn back, and causes the drawing catch i to move the ratchet wheel
one tooth; and the ratchet wheel being prevented from slipping back by the
retaining catch j, the cloth will be taken up or wound on the cloth beam as
the weaving proceeds. But should the weft thread, by breaking or otherwise,
not be present between the feeler reed and the upright part of the thread
feeler when the lay advances, the upright part of the thread feeler will pass
without obstruction between the dents of the feeler reed, and the dog c not
being raised, passes under the end of the lever e', and that lever consequently
not being acted upon.no motion is given to the ratchet wheel II, and no
taking up ensues. It is obvious that a thread fceler, and the connected
apparatus for acting on the cloth roller similar to that I have described, may,
if required, be placed at each or either side of the loom; but as the requisite
modifications for this purpose will readily occur to any competent mechanic it
is not necessary here to describe such.
As to the second part of my said Invention:-From the foregoing description
it will be seen that the shaft L derives its motion from the presence of the
weft thread between the upright part of the thread feeler and the feeler reed, as
before described, through the intervention of the parts, also before described.
This shaft works in and is supported by proper fixings on the loom frame,

page_text: s is
beyond which it projects at each end. On the right-hand projecting end are
fixed the two tappet wheels and 1, rotating together, and having notches cut
in their faces, as shown in Figures 2 and 5. The notches in the two wheels
are not correspondent or in line with each other, but are to be arranged at
such distances as the pattern to be woven requires. m' is a lever fixed on one
end of the small shaft n, at the other end of which is fixed the dog o¹. The
shaft n is carried by and works in the bearing p, fixed on the loom framing.
On the part of the shaft n intermediate between the lever in and dog o' is a
loose collar q, from one end of which projects the lever m³, and from the other
end the dog o. The end of the lever m¹ rests freely on the face of the tappet
wheel, and the end of the lever m² on the face of the tappet wheel 1.
a toothed wheel turning on the stud t on a fixing attached to the sword of the
Jay u. On the outer side of this wheel are the studs v, v, v, placed at equal
distances, and on its inner side the studs w, w, w, also placed at equal distances,
but so that each one shall be half way between two of the studs on the other
side, so as to make the distance between one stud on one side of the wheel and
the next stud on the other side equal to one sixth of the circle in which the
studs are placed. The wheels geers with the wheel x which is fixed on the
end of the revolving shuttle box M, which, as shewn in the Drawings, is a
shuttle box in four compartments ranged round its longitudinal axis for
carrying four shuttles. The shuttle box is supported at its right hand or outer
end by its projecting axis, working in the bearing 1, and at the other end by
a neck or ring projecting from the wheel a, and working in the collar 2. It is
unnecessary here further to describe this shuttle box, the same (with the
exception of the improvements thirdly herein described) not being claimed by
me as part of my Invention, and having been heretofore patented by Luke
Smith as part of an Invention for which Letters Patent were granted to him
on the Sixteenth day of November, One thousand eight hundred and forty-
three. When the rotation of the shaft L carries round the tappet wheels /
and , the ends of the levers m' and m³ will successively fall into the notches
on the faces of the wheels as the same are presented to them. For the sake
of distinctness I will, in the first instance, describe the action of one only of
the tappet wheels and its connected apparatus. The wheel having moved
round in the direction of the bent arrow until one of its notches has arrived
under the end of the lever m', which sinks into the notch, the dog o' (which
necessarily follows the motions of the lever) falls to an equal extent, so that
the projecting end of that dog comes into a line with one of the pins won the
wheel s, when, by the advance of the lay towards the breast beam, that pin is
forced against the projecting end of the dog o'. The wheel s is thereby forced

page_text: round in the contrary direction, as indicated by the bent arrow, until the pin w
is carried out of the line of the dog, and thereby the wheel x, and the shuttle
box to which it is fixed, are driven round one quarter of a revolution, and
thereby a different compartment of the box is presented to the picker, and the
shuttle carried in that compartment is exposed to the action of the picker, in
substitution for that contained in the compartment of the box which has been
removed from the line of the picker's action. In like manner, when the end of the
lever m² falls into a notch in the tappet wheel 1, the dog o² is presented against
one of the pins v, and will, through the motion of the wheels, as the lay advances,
produce another quarter revolution of the shuttle box, and consequent change of
the shuttle presented to the action of the picker. It will, be obvious that where
a shuttle box carrying four shuttles, as here described, is used, the wheel x-
must bear such proportion to the wheels that when the latter is forced round
one sixth of a revolution by the action of either of the dogs against one of
the six studs on the wheel s the wheel x may be driven round one fourth of a
revolution, and that this proportion must vary according to the number of
shuttles which the revolving box is constructed to carry. From the foregoing
description it will be observed, that each tappet wheel is only moved at each
time the taking-up motion is acted upon by a tooth of the ratchet wheel H
being taken up by the catch i, and consequently that each time one of the
levers resting on the face of the tappet wheel falls into a notch, and the dog
connected with it is thereby lowered to act against a stud on the wheel s,.
the lever and dog would remain in that position whilst the lay beat up twice;
and as the dog would cause the wheels to be turned round one sixth of a
revolution on the first coming up of the lay, then, if the studs were all placed
on one side of the wheel on the second beat of the lay, the dog not being.
removed out of its position, another stud would come in contact with it, and
cause the wheel to turn another one sixth of a revolution, thus causing two
sixths of a revolution to be turned instead of one sixth. But as there are only
three studs on each side of the wheel, when from the advance of the lay on
the first beating up, the wheel being turned one sixth, which is the distance
required on the second advance of the lay, the stud next in succession being
on the reverse side to that on which the dog which has been lowered is placed,
no further action will take place through the means of that dog until the
wheels has been propelled another one sixth of a revolution by the action of
the other dog on the next stud on the other side of the wheel; after which
another stud is ready to be acted upon by the first dog when required, and so
on alternately, and hence the necessity of two sets of levers and dogs to act on
the studs on either side of the wheel s. I employ the following reverso

page_text: motion for the purpose of weaving patterns which may require the order of
succession of the shuttles carried in the revolving box to be reversed, as, for
instance, if the shuttles in the direct order of succession carried white, red,
blue, and black threads, and it was required to repeat red after blue instead
of proceeding to black. A little below the bearing p is another bearing p',
also fixed to the loom framing, and supporting the small shaft n', on the ends
of which are fixed the lever m³ and dog o³, and which also carries an inter-
mediate loose collar, from which project the lever m' and dog o*, similar to the
levers and dogs before described, except that the levers m³ and m³ do not rest
on the faces of the tappet wheels and, but hang down clear of those
wheels, but within the action of the pins a¹, a, which are driven into and
project at right angles from the right-hand side of the wheel and left-hand
side of the wheel Pat such distances as the pattern to be woven may require.
When these wheels revolve in the same direction, as before described, the pins,
as they are brought to bear successively against the under surface of the ends
of the levers m³ and m*, elevate them; and the dogs o and o* are raised with
them, and successively brought into line with one or other of the studs on the
wheels at the lower part of the wheel, and when such stud is by the advance
of the lay forced against the opposing dog it is driven backward, and forces
round the wheel s one sixth of a revolution and thereby the wheel and shuttle
box one quarter of a revolution in the opposite direction to that in which they
are driven, when a stud is forced against one of the upper dogs o¹ and o³, as
before described. This reverse motion it is evident may be wholly substituted
for the direct motion, or the direct and reverse motions may be made to act
alternately at such times as the pattern to be woven may require, and for
which any competent mechanic will be able to make the necessary adjust-
ments. It will be seen that the imperfection in the patterns to be woven,
which would ensue if the apparatus giving motion to the shuttle box continued
to act whilst no weft was being inserted in the cloth, is avoided by the means
herein-before described, by which the action of that apparatus is made
dependent on the due filling in of the weft. I have described this part of my
Invention with reference to a revolving shuttle box, that being the description
of box to which I consider such my Invention may be most advantageously
applied; but the same may be easily adapted to and used with the vertical
shuttle box also in use, carrying several shuttles one above the other, or other
forms of shuttle boxes carrying several shuttles, the requisite modifications
for which will easily occur to any mechanic familiar with the construction of
looms.
As to the third part of my said Invention, the improvements in. shuttle
boxes which form this part of my Invention consist of.

page_text: First, a contrivance applicable in looms in which several shuttles are used
to weave the same piece of cloth, and are carried in revolving or other shuttle
boxes moving in fixed bearings to present the shuttles in succession to the
action of the pickers. The object of this contrivance is to prevent the shuttle
from projecting beyond the outer end of the moveable box, and coming into
collision with the fixed bearing of the box, when the latter is made to revolve
or otherwise move. This improvement is shewn as applied to one compart-
ment of a revolving box in Figures 1 and 7, and of course. will be understood
as applied to each compartment in like manner. 3 is an iron plate, forming
the outer side of the compartment. On the outside of this plate is a bearing 4,
carrying a pin, which forms an axis for the lever 5 to vibrate upon. The
right-hand arm of this lever has a bowed projection inward, which passes
through a slot in the plate 3, and is forced outward by the shuttle when
properly boxed, and forms the swell motion common in other looms, and
which need not be further described; nor is my contrivance necessarily con-
nected with it, through I use it in such connection as most advantageous in
practice. The left-hand arm of the lever 5 has a stud 6, which projects
through a suitable hole in the plate 3. . As the shuttle enters into the com-
partment of the box it forces outward the bowed arm of the lever 5, and
thereby the stud 6, on the other arm of the lever, is pressed inward, and
enters into an inclined groove in the shuttle, the progress of which is thereby
arrested so soon as the extremity of the groove comes up to the stud.
Secondly, a contrivance in such revolving shuttle boxes as aforesaid for
preventing the slack threads proceeding from the shuttles not immediately in
action from being entangled and drawn with the thread proceeding from the
shuttle in action into the cloth as the weaving proceeds. This consists in
small pins, one for each compartment of the box projecting from the left-hand
end of the shuttle box at 7, 8, 9, and 10, as shewn in Figure 6, in a direction
parallel to the axis of the box. As the box revolves, each of the slack threads is
laid hold of by an adjoining pin, and drawn down with it towards the lower part
of the revolving box, and thereby kept extended, so as to prevent its snarling or
becoming entangled with the other threads, until the revolution of the box again
brings it, with the shuttle from which it proceeds, to the upper position in the
box, on a level with the shuttle race, for the purpose of such shuttle being
brought into action; and the shuttle, when thrown, carries the thread off the
pin which previously held it, passing over the other threads, which are then
extended and securely held by the other pins. The pins I have described I
consider most convenient for the above purpose;
but the same object may be
effected by any other suitable instruments projecting from or beyond the inner
end of the revolving shuttle box

page_text: As to the fourth. part of my said Invention:-At the end 11 of the yarn
bean F, and on it, is fixed the toothed wheel 12, engaging with the pinion 13,
fixed on the horizontal shaft 14, which is supported by and revolves in suitable
bearings in the standard 15, projecting from the framing A. On the same
shaft, and by the side of the pinion 13, is fixed the friction pulley 16. The
strap or band 17 passes over the pulley, and is attached at one end to the
spring 18, beld by a stud projecting from a fixing on the loom framing, and at
the other end to the upper part of the stirrup 19, which carries in its lower part
a roller 20, upon which the horizontal lever 21 rests. A moveable or sliding
weight 22 is carried upon one end of this lever, the other end of which is
turned up so as to project through a guide slot in the horizontal fixing 23 at
the back of the loom frame. At the same end a pin 24 passes through the
lever, and also passes through and forms an axis for the two bowls 25 and 26,
which bear against the under surface of the fixing 23. The ends of the
pin 24 move in guide slots in the lips of the vertical lever 27. The vertical
lever 27 turns on a stud 28 on a fixing at the back of the loom. The upper
end of the vertical lever 27 carries a horizontal roller 29, which rests against the
warp
wound upon the
warp beam. It will be seen from the foregoing description
that the pin 24, which carries the.bowls 25 and 26, forms the fulcrum of the
horizontal lever 21. This lever, having an inclination from front to back of
the loom, is impelled outwards or towards the back of the loom by the gravity
of the weight 22, and thereby presses the roller 29, on the upper end of the
vertical lever 27, against the warp on the warp beam. As the warp is wound
off the beam, and the diameter of the mass thereby diminishes, the weight 22,
on the horizontal lever, is brought nearer to the stirrup, and thereby exerts a
gradually decreasing draft on the friction band and the friction on the pulley 16;
and the warp beam with which it is connected is thereby diminished in regular
proportion to the diminishing diameter of the warp on the warp beam.
As to the fifth part of my said Invention:-This part of my Invention will
be understood by reference to Figure 10, which represents the same detached.
30 is the lower part of the upright shaft, known as the picking shaft. 31 is
an arm screwed on the shaft, at the extremity of which is a socket, in which
the foot of the swivel 32 works, and through which it descends. A pin 38 is
passed through the lower extremity of the foot, the projecting ends of which
pin play freely in notches cut in the opposite sides of the bottom of the socket.
Through the cars of the swivel a pin 34 passes, which forms the axis of the
bowl 35. When the loom is at rest the arm 31 is in a line with the tappet
shaft G, but when the loom begins to work the swell of the picking tappet
begins to bear against the bowl 35, and thereby forces the arm 31 out of the

page_text: line of the tappet shaft to a gradually increasing angle with it, and gives the
.necessary motion to the picking shaft; but the swivel 32 being at liberty to
move in its socket, the pressure of the tappet against the bowl turns the swivel
:so as constantly to keep the face of the bowl parallel with the face of the
tappet, the notches in the bottom of the socket being of sufficient width to
allow the pin 33 to turn until the swell of the tappet has ceased to bear on the
bowl. The pin 31 prevents the swivel from being turned too far, and also
from being thrown out of the socket by any sudden jerk of the loom or other
cause.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I declare that I do not claim as of my
Invention the construction of the apparatus herein-before described, consisting
of the thread feeler, fecler reed, wire lever b, chain and dog c, the same or
similar apparatus having been heretofore used for another purpose than that
for which I employ the same. Nor do I claim as of my Invention any of the
separate or individual mechanical parts hercin-before described (except as
herein-after expressed).
But I claim as of my Invention the combination and application of the thread
feeler, feeler reed, and connected apparatus, and other the mechanical parts
and movements herein-before described as relating to the first part of my
Invention, whereby the cloth is caused to be taken up on the cloth beam by
means of the weft thread acting at a position between the edge or selvedge of
the cloth and the shuttle box, upon and through the intervention of such
apparatus and mechanical parts or movements as aforesaid, so long only as the
weft thread is unbroken, and continues to be regularly passed through the shed
of the warp, and ceases to be taken up when the weft thread is broken or
otherwise fails to be passed as aforesaid, and which I claim as of my Invention,
however, such apparatus and mechanical parts or movements may be varied in
form, size, or arrangement from those used and described by me, without
departing from the principle or general plan of this part of my Invention.
And I further claim as of my Invention the combination and application of
the same apparatus and mechanical parts or movements, together with the
mechanical parts or movements berein-before described as relating to the
second part of my Invention, for the purpose of causing the shuttles in those
looms where two or more shuttles carried in revolving or other moveable shuttle
boxes are used in weaving the same piece of cloth, to be successively presented
by the shuttle boxes to the action of the pickers when required, by means of
the weft thread acting as aforesaid upon and through the intervention of such
apparatus and mechanical parts or movements as aforesaid, so long only as the

page_text: weft thread is unbroken and continues to be regularly passed through the shed
of the warp, and so that the change or substitution of the shuttles may ceaso
when the weft thread is broken or ceases to be passed as: aforesaid; and which
I claim, however such last-mentioned apparatus and mechanical parts or
movements.may.be varied in form, size, and arrangement from those used and
described by me for performing this part. of my. said Invention, without
departing from the principle or general plan.of such part of my Invention.
And I further and separately claim as of my Invention the construction, com-
bination, and application of mechanical parts, consisting of the tappet wheels /
and E, the wheel s, with .its.studs thereon, and the intervening levers and
dogs m', m², m³, m³, and o¹, 0, 0, 0, for communicating, the motion of the
ratchet wheel or other equivalent.agent giving. motion to the cloth beam, to
the wheel or other equivalent agent giving the motion to the shuttle.boxes
at determinate.intervals.
And I also claim as of my Invention.the contrivance, herein-before.described
for arresting at the proper point the progress of the shuttle when thrown into
such a revolving or other moveable shuttle box as berein-before mentioned, so
as to prevent the same projecting beyond the outer end of the moveable
shuttle box, and coming into collision with the fixed-bearing of the box:when
the box is made to revolve or otherwise move; and also the contrivance
herein-before described; whereltwo or more shuttles-are used with a revolving
sbuttle box as aforesaid, of preventing the slack threads proceeding from the
shuttles not immediately in action from snarling or being entangled, and drawn
with the thread proceeding from the shuttle in action into the cloth, as the
weaving proceeds, by means of pins or any other suitable instruments projecting
from or beyond the inner end of the revolving shuttle box; and which two last-
mentioned contrivances constitute the third part of my said Invention, as
herein-before described.
And I also declare that I claim as of my Invention the contrivance, com-
bination, and application of mechanical parts herein-before described in
relation to the fourth part of my Invention, for regulating the delivery of the
warp from the warp beam by the application of friction, diminishing in degree
according to and regulated by the diminishing diameter of the warp on the
bean.
And I claim, lastly, as of my Invention, the apparatus herein-before described
in relation to the fifth part of my Invention, whereby the surfaces of the
picking tappet and the picking bowl are kept parallel to each other. And
I declare that I claim the said contrivances, combinations, and apparatus
herein-before described in relation to the third, fourth, and fifth parts of my

page_text: said Invention respectively, however the mechanical parts employed therein
respectively may be varied in size, form, or arrangement, without departing
from the general plan or principle of the same respective parts of iny said
Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Nield, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of January, One thousand
eight hundred and forty-five.