Improvements in the Process and, Apparatus for Fixing Metallic Tubular Pieces on each other, applicable to Cycle and other Framing or Tubing.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Dec., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 3rd June, 1897-Accepted, 31st July, 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Process and, Apparatus for Fixing Metallic
Tubular Pieces on each other, applicable to Cycle and other
Framing or Tubing.
I, PETER JENSEN of 77 Chancery Lane London Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention, a communication to me from abroad by the Firm
of Hoyer & Glahn of Schönebeck on the Elbe, Germany, Manufacturers, to be as
follows:-
It has heretofore been proposed to join tubular pieces without soldering or brazing
and the consequent danger of deteriorating by high heat, by forming grooves in the
outside of one piece by means of a contracting tool and after inserting in the other
piece forming corresponding grooves in the latter; also by forming the grooves in one
piece from within by an expanding tool and after placing it upon the other piece
forming corresponding grooves in the latter. by another process the two pieces were
placed upon each other, and the grooves then made in both by one operation, and
either from within by an expanding tool or from without by a contracting tool. It
has also been proposed to form grooves in one of the pieces and after assembling the
two pieces forming corresponding grooves in the other piece by means of liquid or
hydraulic pressure acting within the inner piece.
The aforesaid processes suffer more or less from the defect that the joints so made
after a time, when used in a cycle frame or otherwise where they are exposed to
continual racking motions become more or less loose or shaky.
Our process which is applicable to all the aforesaid processes consists firstly in
coating the pieces to be joined with tin or other thin fluid metal or alloy previously to
the formation of grooves or indents in the one or in both the pieces or previously to
assembling them, and secondly in heating the outer piece, by gas jets or otherwise
so as to expand it to a suitable regulated degree, it being understood that the inner
piece is of such a size as to require to be driven in by a light blow or pressure into
the heated outer piece. When the pieces the outer piece being hot have been
indented in one of the modes described and have cooled down they fit permanently
tight on each other, the tin forming the required soft medium between then to ensure
accurately fitting surfaces in contact and the filling in of any minute cavities between
them.
Another improvement which is applicable to all expanding tools for making grooves,
annular, helical or otherwise, or indents of any suitable form, in the tubular pieces to
be united, consists in providing an oil chamber in the mandril tool, said chamber
being closed by a screw plug and provided with small holes for the issue of the oil to
the acting parts of the tool. By this means the grooves or indents can be made more
uniformly sinooth, all danger of fretting or roughening of the surfaces in contact is
avoided, and the process can be performed more easily.
In mandril tools for forming cup shaped or other indents the mandril is enclosed in
a tube to the forward end of which are hinged three or more cams with projections of
the cup or other desired form for indenting. The mandril at its forward end is made

page_text: conical, so that when brought forward in its tube by screw motion or otherwise the
cone end acts upon the hinged cams and presses them against the inside of the
tubular piece to be indented. Behind the cone is provided an annular oil chamber
and the tube has at its forward end small holes which allow the issue of oil to the
acting parts of the hinged cams when the mandril is brought forward to act upon
the said cams.
Another part of the invention consists in improved forms of joints for uniting
tubular pieces. The end of one piece is conically enlarged, or chambered, the
smaller end of the chamber being at the outer end of the said piece. This
may be done for instance by casting, or in case of steel, iron or other expandible metal
by means of a mandril working in a cone ring in three pieces. This tube piece and
the other tube piece which is to be pushed into and joined thereto are tinned and
the outer chambered tube piece being heated the pieces are pushed into each other
and the inner one expanded so as to fill the chambered part of the other. The
joint may be further strengthened by forming grooves or indents as in any of the
modes described. A somewhat similar construction is applicable to the junction
of the steering handle pillar ball bearing cup or ferrule and the steering socket.
The upper end of the said socket is conically expanded by driving into it a
ferrule made conical in its upper part and having the cup for the balls thus
serving both for ball hearing and for junction piece. The socket is by this means
expanded so as to fill a conical recess turned into the tubular elbow piece into
which the upper member of the frame is to be fixed. This fixing is effected in
a similar manner that is to say the end of the elbow piece has turned into it a
conical recess into which the upper member of the frame is expanded by driving
into it a ferrule inserted through a hole in the elbow piece and which is conical
outside to suit the said conical recess. The parts are tinned and the outer part
heated as aforesaid, and indents may also be formed for further security.
In a similar manner the three members of the tubular frame are united to the
tubular socket piece carrying the fork and the bearing for the front wheel.
The end of the tubular piece which is to be expanded by means of the cone
ferrule may be cut up into lips or tongues.
Dated this Fourth day of December 1896.
JENSEN & SON,
77 Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.
Improvements in the Process and Apparatus for Fixing Metallic
Tubular Pieces on each other, applicable to Cycle and other
Framing or Tubing.
I, PETER JENSEN of 77 Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention, a communication to me from abroad by
the Firm of Hoyer & Glahn of Schönebeck on the Elbe, Germany, Manufacturers,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
It has heretofore been proposed to join tubular pieces without soldering or brazing
and in order to avoid the consequent danger of deteriorating the quality of the metal
by high heat, by forming grooves in the outside of one piece by means of a
contracting tool and after inserting such piece in the other piece forming corresponding
grooves in the latter; also by forming the grooves in the one piece from within by an
expanding tool and after placing such piece upon the other piece forming

page_text: corresponding grooves in the latter. By another process described in my Patent
Specification No. 22807 of 1895 the two pieces were placed upon each other, and
the grooves then made in both by one operation, and either from within by an
expanding tool or from without by a contracting tool. It has also been proposed to
form grooves in one of the pieces, and after assembling the two pieces forming
corresponding grooves in the other piece by means of liquid or hydraulic pressure
acting within the inner piece.
The aforesaid processes suffer more or less from the defect that the joints so made
after a time, when used in a cycle frame or otherwise where they are exposed to
continual racking motions become more or less lcose or shaky. The reason is
probably this that the grooved parts though fitting closely in each other when the
expanding or contracting force is being applied, recede and that unequally, by the
elasticity of the tube material, when the force ceases, and minute intermediate spaces
are thus formed, or in other words the fit is not absolutely tight.
This present process which is applicable to all the aforesaid and similar processes
consists firstly in coating the tubular pieces to be joined with tin or other thin-fluid
metal or alloy previously to the formation of grooves or indents in the one or in both
the pieces or previously to or during the assembling of them or afterwards, and
secondly in heating the outer tubular pieco, by gas jets or otherwise, so as to expand
it to a suitable regulated degree, it being understood that the inner tubular piece is
of such a size or diameter as to require to be driven in by a light blow or pressure
into the heated outer piece. When the pieces, the outer piece being hot, have been
indented in one of the modes hereinbefore described and have cooled down they fit
permanently tight on each other, the tin forming the required soft medium between
them to ensure accurately fitting surfaces in contact and the filling of any minute
cavities between them.
Another improvement which is applicable to all expanding tools for making grooves,
annular, helical, or otherwise, or indents of any suitable form in the tubular pieces to
be united consists in providing an oil chamber in the mandril tool, said chamber being
closed by a screw plug and provided with small holes for the issue of the oil to the
acting parts of the tool. By this means the grooves or indents can be made more
uniformly smooth, all danger of fretting or roughening of the surfaces in contact is
avoided and the process can be performed more easily.
Fig. 1 shews as an example a conical mandril A with raised helical ribs A¹ and
having a central oil chamber which is closed by means of a screw plug B. The oil
flows out through the small holes C.
In mandril tools for forming cup shaped or other indents the mandril A shown in
the longitudinal section Fig. 2 is according to this invention enclosed in a tube D to
the forward end of which are hinged three or more cams E with projections E' of cup
shape (or other desired form) for indenting. The mandril at its forward end Ax is
made conical, so that when brought forward in its tube D by screw motion or
otherwise the cone end A* acts upon the hinged cams, which may each have a
roller E, and presses them against the inside of the tubular piece to be indented.
Behind the cone A* is provided an annular oil chamber F, and the tube D has at its
forward end small holes C which allow the issue of oil to the acting parts E' of the
hinged cams when the mandril is brought forward to act upon the said cams or their
rollers.
Another part of this invention consists in improved forms of joints for uniting
tubular pieces.
As shewn in the longitudinal section Fig. 3, the end of one piece G is conically
enlarged or chambered, the small end of the chamber being at the outer end of the
said piece. This may be done for instance by casting, or, in ease of mild steel, iron,
or other expandible metal or alloy, by means of a mandril working in a cone ring in
three pieces. This tube piece G and the other tube piece H which is to be pushed.
into and joined thereto are tinned, and the outer chambered tube piece G being
heated, the pieces G and H are pushed into each other and the inner one H expanded

page_text: as shewn at H so as to fill the chambered part of the other.
done during or after the assembling of the parts.
Or the tinning may be
Fig. 4 shews a joint of this kind which is further strengthened by forming grooves
or indents in any of the modes described.
Fig. 5 shews a joint of the kind where the part I is a casting which is fixed to the
tube piece G by forming an annular groove G¹ or it may be two such in the piece G
corresponding to the groove in the piece I, this latter being driven on hot before the
ends of the tube pieces G and H are expanded to conform to the inner shape of the
socket piece I, the parts I, H and G should be tinned before during or after being
put together. The groove in the socket I is by preference turned in on a lathe.
Fig. 6 shows another form of cast socket piece I for uniting two tube pieces G and H,
and Fig. 7 yet another form where the uniting socket I is made conical toward both
ends.
A somewhat similar construction is shown in Fig. 8 as applicable to the junction of
the ball bearing cup or ferrule K of the steering handle pillar with the steering pillar
socket. I, the ferrule K thus serving both for ball bearing and for junction piece. The
socket L is by this means expanded so as to fill a conical recess turned into the
tubular elbow piece M into which the upper member N of the frame is to be fixed.
This fixing is effected in a similar manner that is to say the end of the elbow
piece M has turned into it a conical recess into which the said upper member N is
expanded by driving into it a ferrule O inserted through a hole M in the elbow piece
and which is conical outside to suit the said conical recess. The parts are tinned and
the outer part heated as aforesaid, and indents may also (as described with reference
to Fig. 4) be formed for further security.
In a similar manner as shewn in Fig. 9 the three members PQ and R of the
tubular frame are united by a three armed socket piece O and the member R can be
united at its upper end in a similar manner to the tubular socket piece carrying the
fork for the front wheel.
The end of the tubular piece which is to be expanded by means of the cone ferrule
may as shewn in Fig. 10 be cut up into lips or tongues.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
1. In processes for uniting tubular pieces by forming grooves or other indents: the
coating of the said pieces, and of the uniting sockets when used in such processes,
with tin or other thin-fluid metal or alloy previously to, while or after assembling
such parts and the heating of the outer piece or part so as to expand it to such a
degree that the inner piece has to be driven into the outer heated piece by a light
blow or pressure, for the purpose that after the grooving or indenting and tinning
have been effected, the outer part shall be found to be firmly shrunk upon the inner
piece, the tin serving to fill any minute cavities, between them, substantially as set
forth.
2. In tools for making grooves or other indents in tubular pieces for uniting them
the application and use of an oil chamber with filling plug and with small outlet holes
for lubricating the acting parts of the tool substantially as set forth.
3. In mandril tools for forming cup shaped or other indents the combination of the
mandril with conical front end, an outer tube D to which one or more indenting cams
are hinged to be actuated by the said conical front end, an oil chamber such as F and
oil outlet holes in the tube substantially as described with reference to Fig. 2.
4. The forms of joint for tubular pieces substantially as described with reference
to Figs. 3 to 10 and in connection with the process firstly claimed.
Dated this Third day of June 1897
JENSEN & SON,
77 Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.