Year: 1897

page_text: I, JOHN SAMPSON, of 41, Effra Road, Brixton, London, S.W., Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
-
The object of my invention is to so construct a steam generator of the water-
tube class that the apparatus shall be simple, compact, and efficient, and that its
various parts shall be readily accessible.
In order that my improvements may be clearly understood, I will now proceed
to describe them, with the aid of the accompanying illustrative diagrammatic
drawings, whereof
Fig. 1.shows in front elevation with parts removed, an example of a steam
generator embodying my improvements, and Fig. 2 is a view at right angles to
Fig. 1, partly in vertical cross section, and partly in elevation.
A is a steam drum provided with suitable manholes, as well understood, to
afford ready access to its interior. B, B, are vertically-arranged downcast pipes,
whose upper ends are secured in any suitable way to the lower part of the steam
drum A, whilst their lower ends are secured to a water chamber C, which, by means
of pipes D is connected to and placed in communication with water pockets E, E, of
any suitable construction, and of which there may be two, as illustrated in the
example, or any other convenient and suitable number, according to requirement.
The pockets E instead of being each directly connected to the water chamber C,
as shown, may be connected together and one only of them, for example the lower
one, be connected to the said water chamber. Each water-pocket E is connected
to the steam drum A by means of a number of inclined straight' water-heating
tubes F, secured in any convenient manner at their higher ends to the steam
drum A, and at their lower ends to the corresponding water pocket E. As will
be seen the groups of tubes are inclined at different angles, that nearest the fire
being more inclined than that farther away therefrom, the tubes comprising such
group are preferably made of a larger diameter than those in the other group or
groups.
The water-pockets are shown made each in two main parts, viz. :--the pocket
proper, with a properly faced flange, and a cover adapted to make a tight joint
with said flange, and which cover constitutes a tube plate, in which the lower
ends of the corresponding inclined tubes F are secured in a steam tight manner.
Thus it will be understood that by the action upon the heating tubes F of flame
and hot gases from the burning fuel on the fire-grate (or it may be from some
other source, as, for example, products of combustion of liquid fuel) water fed to
the steam drum A will be caused to circulate down the pipes B into the water
chamber C, thence by the pipes D into the water pockets E, thence up the inclined
heating tubes F, whence steam and water will enter the steam drum A.
I usually arrange the pipes B close together, so that they form a wall of pipes.

page_text: They may have a slight curvature toward the combustion chamber. The ends of
the pipes may, if necessary be of reduced diameter, so that there shall be sufficient
metal between the holes of each row in the steam drum A and water chamber C,
but the holes may be arranged in a zig-zag manner in which case, the ends of the
tubes need not be reduced.
C is a guide or deflector running from end to end of the water chamber C.
Deposit will settle in the said chamber, whence it can be blown off.
For the purpose of feeding water to the apparatus, the following arrangement is
adopted-
The
G is an upper water pocket or chamber, connected to the steam drum A by
means of tubes H, which may be straight or practically so and are secured by
suitable joints at their ends respectively to the pocket and to the drum.
form of the pocket G may obviously be varied. R is a feed inlet to the pocket.
Within the steam drum A. there is constructed a chamber S which may con-
veniently run from end to end of the drum and be provided at one or both ends
with an orifice T (or orifices) the arrangement being such that the ends of the
tubes H open into the chamber S (see Fig. 2). The parts G and H together con-
stitute a feed heater or economizer. Water entering the pocket G by pipe R flows
thence through pipes H, wherein it is heated, thence into chamber S and thence
by the orifice T (or orifices) into the steam drum and afterwards down the pipes B
into the water chamber C, thence by pipes D into pockets E, and by inclined
pipes F back (partly as water and partly as steam) into the steam drum A, as
already set forth. In connection with steam drum A, I provide a steam drum
or superheater as follows:
K is a steam chamber, L, L a series of small pipes passing through the
uptake N, and serving to connect the steam chamber K to the drum A. These
pipes may conveniently be, say half an inch in diameter, but I do not limit
myself to this dimension. It will be advantageous to have a considerable number
of these pipes along the steam chamber K and drum A. They are acted upon
by the hot gases passing from the feed heater to the uptake or chimney N.
It is to be noted that the pockets E and G have removable doors, or, as to
parts thereof, are made themselves readily removable, in order that the tubes F
may be examined when necessary, also that the tubes may be removed by drawing
through the tube plates on to the stoke-hole floor.
Steam chamber K is provided with stop valves, safety valves and other appro-
priate and usual fittings. M, M, are baffles whereby the course of the hot gases
is directed. L is the fire grate, L' a fire door, and Q an ash-pit damper.
U represents stoke-hole floor plates.
0; are portable or hinged doors, (which are provided with peep-holes,) adapted
to afford ready access to the combustion chambers for examination, cleaning and
other purposes.
P, P are jet pipes adapted to supply air jets or steam jets (or steam and air jets)
under pressure, in such wise as to aid in promoting thorough admixture of gases
and efficient combustion. An air passage or chamber controlled by a valve may
be arranged behind the fire back L and have an outlet so arranged that the
issuing air will enter the combustion chamber above the fuel. The arrangement
is such that the necessary amount of oxygen may be readily introduced to ensure
efficient combustion.
It will be observed that by the construction and arrangement of parts above
described (where the pockets are formed as shown, or of modified shape) various
parts of the apparatus, including the pockets, the tubes, the jet apparatus, the fire
door, the ashpit chamber and the combustion chamber doors, as well as the stean
chamber K, are all conveniently placed, so as to be readily accessible, in front of
the apparatus.
The various details of construction, such as the kind of fuel-burning apparatus,
the kind of tube joints, and the shapes of the chambers, as also, to some extent,
positions of dampers, chimney, and so on, and number of pockets, and of series of

page_text: tubes and the extent of inclination of the tubes, may obviously be more or less
varied to suit the circumstances of particular cases.
Dated this 15th day of October 1897.
I, JOHN SAMPSON, of 41, Effra Road, Brixton, in the County of Surrey, England,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
The object of my invention is to so construct a steam generator of the water-
tube class that the apparatus shall be simple, compact, and efficient, and that its
various parts shall be readily accessible."
In order that my improvements may be clearly understood, I will now proceed
to describe them with the aid of the accompanying illustrative drawings, whereof
Fig. 1 shows partly in front elevation with parts removed, and partly in longi-
tudinal section, an example of a steam generator embodying my improvements, and
Fig. 2 is a view at right angles to Fig. 1, partly in section, and partly in
elevation.
A is a steam drum provided with suitable manholes, as well understood, to
afford ready access to its interior. B, B, are vertically-arranged down-cast pipes,
whose upper ends are secured in any suitable way to the lower part of the steam
drum A, whilst their lower ends are secured to a water chamber C, which, by means
of pipes DD arranged at one or preferably at each end thereof, is placed in com-
munication with horizontal water pockets E E, of any suitable construction, and of
which there may be two, as illustrated in the example, or any other convenient
and suitable number, according to requirement, these water pockets being
arranged one above the other at the front of the generator and above the fire door
or doors L' which is or are also arranged at the front of the boiler as shown.
The water pockets E instead of being each directly connected to the water
chamber C, by pipes D D¹, may be connected together as by water tubes 12, and
one only of them, for example, the lower one, be directly connected to the said
water chamber by the pipes D. Each water-pocket E is connected to the steam
drum A by means of a number of inclined straight water-heating tubes F, secured
in any convenient manner at their higher ends to the steam drum A,
and at their lower ends to the corresponding water pocket E. As
will be seen the groups of tubes are inclined at different angles, the tubes in
the group nearest the fire and which are subject to the most heat being more
inclined than those in the next adjacent group. The tubes comprising the group
nearest the fire, or the lower row or rows of tubes in such group are also prefer-
ably made of a larger diameter than those in the other group or groups, or in
the same group. Within the steam drum and in front of the delivery ends of the
pipes may be fixed a baffle comprising a plate A¹ provided with curved plates A³
overhanging holes A³ in the plate A', the arrangement being such that the water
issuing from the said tubes F will be projected against the baffle and caused to
fall to the bottom of the steam drum whilst the steam will be able to pass under

page_text: the curved plates A2 and through the holes A³ to the upper part of the steam
drum.
The water pockets are shown made each in two main parts, as metal stampings
with faced flanges by which they can be tightly jointed together, the inner part
being of angular section and constituting a tube plate in which the lower ends
of the corresponding inclined tubes F are secured in a steam tight manner.
With the construction described, it will be understood that by the action upon
the heating tubes F of flame and hot gases from the burning fuel on the fire-
grate (or it may be from some other source, as, for example, products of combus-
tion of liquid fuel) water fed to the steam, drum A will be caused to circulate
down the pipes B into the water chamber C, thence by the pipes DD¹ or DD'
into the water pockets E and thence up the inclined heating tubes F whence
steam and water will enter the steam drum A.
I usually arrange the pipes B close together, so that they form a wall of pipes
at the rear of the combustion chamber.
C¹ is a guide or deflector running from end to end of the water chamber C for
the purpose of assisting solid matter in suspension to settle in the said chamber,
whence it can be blown off.
For the purpose of feeding water to the apparatus, the following arrangement is
adopted-
G is an upper water pocket or chamber, connected to the steam drum A by
means of tubes H, which may be straight or practically so and are secured by
suitable joints at their ends respectively to the pocket and to the drum. The
form of the pocket G may obviously be varied. In the example shown, it is made
of two metal stampings the inner of which serves as a tube plate. R is a feed
inlet to the pocket. Within the steam drum A there is constructed a chamber S
which may conveniently run from end to end of the drum and be provided at
one or both ends with an orifice T (or orifices) the arrangement being such that
the ends of the tubes H open into the chamber S (see Fig. 2). The parts G
and H together constitute a feed water heater or economizer. Water entering
the pocket G by pipe R flows thence through pipes H, wherein it is heated, thence
into chamber S and thence by the orifice T (or orifices) into the steam drum and
afterwards down the pipes B into the water chamber C, thence by pipes DD³,
or D, into the pockets E, and by the inclined pipes F back (partly as water
and partly as steam) into the steam drum A, as already set forth.
In connection with steam drum A, I provide a steam drum or superheater as
follows:-
K is a steam chamber, K¹, K' a series of small pipes passing through the
uptake N, and serving to connect the steam chamber K to the drum A. These
pipes may conveniently be, say half an inch in diameter, but I do not limit
myself to this dimension. It will be advantageous to have a considerable number
of these pipes along the steam chamber K and drum A. They are acted upon
by the hot gases passing from the feed heater to the uptake or chimney N.
It is to be noted that the pockets E and G have removable lids or doors E¹, G¹
respectively, or, as to parts E2 G2 thereof, are made themselves readily removable,
and being arranged at the front of the boiler above the fire door or doors and the
tubes F and G being made straight, it follows that the said tubes can be
separately examined and cleaned when necessary from the front of the boiler and
also that they can be separately removed by drawing through the tube plates from
the front of the generator on to the stoke-hole floor without disturbing other parts
of the generator. These are features of considerable practical importance that
have heretofore been absent so far as I am aware from steam generators of the
class referred to.
The steam chamber K is provided with stop valves, safety valves and other
appropriate and usual fittings. M M are baffles whereby the course of the hot
gases is directed. L is the fire grate, L the combustion chamber, L³ the ash pit
and L³ the ash-pit damper. U represents stoke-hole floor plates. 0,0 are port-

page_text: able or hinged doors, (which are provided with peep-holes) adapted to
afford ready access to the combustion chambers for examination, clean-
ing and other purposes. P, Pard jet pipes adapted to supply air jets
or steam jets (or steam and air jets) under pressure, in such wise as to aid in
promoting thorough admixture of gases and efficient combustion. Behind the rear
portion of the refractory lining L of the fire box L5 may be arranged an air
passage or chamber Q communicating with the ash pit and be controlled by a
valve and a damper Q' and rod Q2, the outlet Q3 of such air passage or chamber
being so arranged that the issuing air will enter the combustion chamber above
the fuel and assist in directing the flame and hot gases towards the tubes F. The
arrangement of the jet pipes, and air passage, if used, is such that the necessary
amount of oxygen can be readily introduced to ensure efficient combustion. The
generator is provided with a suitable casing V, the back portion V₁ of which
may be lined or packed witli refractory material V2 such as asbestos.
Figure 3 shews partly in cross section and partly in elevation, a slightly modi-
fied construction in which the part of the steam drum A in which the tubes F
and H are secured is made more or less flat so that the tubes can be secured
therein at right angles thereto instead of inclined thereto as in Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 shows how my improved boiler can be made double ended.
It will be observed that by the construction and arrangement of parts above
described (where the pockets are formed as shown, or of modified shape) various
parts of the apparatus, including the pockets, the tubes, the jet apparatus, the fire
door, the ashpit chamber and the combustion chamber doors, as well as the steam
chamber K, are all conveniently placed, so as to be readily accessible, in front of
the apparatus.
The various details of construction, such as the kind of fuel-burning apparatus,
the kind of tube joints, and the shapes of the chambers, as also, to some extent,
the positions of dampers, chimney, and so on, and number of pockets, and of series of
tubes and the extent of inclination of the tubes, may obviously be more or less
varied to suit the circumstances of particular cases.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
1. A steam generator of the class herein referred to wherein the water tubes
traversing the combustion chamber and connected to an upper steam drum are
made straight and connected at their lower or outer ends to one or more water
pockets that is or are arranged at the front of the generator above the fire door
or closures, the
or doors and is or are provided with removable lids, covers
arrangement being such that the said tubes can be readily and separately
inspected, cleaned and removed from the front of the generator, substantially as
herein described.
2. A steam generator of the class referred to wherein an upper longitudinal
steam drum is connected to longitudinally disposed water pockets arranged one
above the other at the front side of the boiler by inclined groups of straight or
practically straight water tubes arranged to traverse the combustion chamber
between the furnace and the uptake, the water tubes nearest the furnace being
more inclined than those further away therefrom, and the water pockets being pro-
vided at their outer sides with removable covers and connected with a lower water
vessel that is also connected to the lower part of the steam drum, substantially as
herein before described with reference to the drawings.
3. A steam generator of the kind specified in the preceding claims having a
supplementary water pocket arranged above the other water pockets at the front
of the generator and provided with a feed water inlet, a feed water distributing
chamber in communication with the interior of the steam drum, and a group of
tubes connecting the supplementary water pocket to the feed water distributing
chamber and traversing the space through which the hot gases pass from the

page_text: furnace to the uptake, the arrangement forming a feed water heater, substan-
tially as described.
4. A steam generator of the kind specified in Claims 1 and 2 in which the
upper part of the steam drum is connected to a supplementary steam drum by a
group of tubes arranged to traverse the flue space above the water heating tubes,
the arrangement forming a steam superheater, substantially as described.
5. The combination and arrangements of parts constituting the improved steam
generator constructed and operating substantially as herein before described with
reference to and shown in Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings annexed, or modified
as set forth.