IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING FOR SPINNING, AND FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS, IN WINDING AND WARPING YARNS OF THE SAID MATERIALS, AND IN MAKING WIRE CARDS FOR SUCH PREPARING MACHINERY
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Worth, of Rochdale, in the County of Lan-
caster, Wire Card Maker, and Henry Spencer, of the same Place, Agent,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
PREPARING FOR SPINNING, AND FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS, IN WINDING AND WARPING YARNS OF THE SAID MATERIALS, AND
IN MAKING WIRE CARDS FOR SUCH PREPARING MACHINERY."
Sealed the 11th February 1859, and dated the 13th August 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Worth and Henry
Spencer at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 13th August 1858.
We, THOMAS WORTH, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Wire Card
Maker, and HENRY SPENCER, of the same Place, Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR PREPARING FOR SPINNING, AND FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
IN WINDING AND WARPING YARNS OF THE SAID MATERIALS, AND IN MAKING WIRE
CARDS FOR SUCH PREPARED MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
Our improvements relate, firstly, to the scutcher and carding engine, and
consist in a method of driving the cones in that apparatus known as "Lord's,"
and used for regulating the feed. These cones, according to the usual method,
are connected by a strap; instead of that arrangement we propose to run them
in contact with each other, or we employ one cone and a parallel roller, and
impart a suitable traversing motion. Another improvement in the carding
077

page_text: engine consists in the application of an intermediate roller between the feed
roller or rollers and the "taker-in," to which it conveys the material; also,
above the feed roller we place a dish,from which the intermediate roller takes
the material. The front of the dish we form with a serrated edge. The doffer
comb we mount so as to slide in V grooves, and by another improvement
we mount it so as to rock upon screw centres.
Secondly, our Invention relates to the throstle, in which we propose to use
washers of cotton cloth, and also of cork for regulating the drag. We also
propose bushing the bobbins when they require renewing with glue.
Our next improvement refers to the spindles of preparing and spinning
machinery, and consists in forming them with conical parts, fitting into
similarly shaped bearings,so that the surfaces of contact may be moved up or
down for adjustment. In the winder we propose employing grooved rollers
with a surface of cloth, cork, or other such substance, against which the yarn
.runs. The grooves we propose to press together by a lever or otherwise, and
to adapt a hook or other instrument to clear off the dirt. In the "warping
mill" we adapt a sponge or other substance to the "neck," for conveying
coloring matter as a mark to the warps, such spougé being brought into action
by adjustable tappets connected to the swift.
Our Invention also refers to a stop motion for card-making machines; for
this purpose we use a lever or other such apparatus, which is kept in a certain
position by the fillet, but when that support is removed the said lever brings
the ordinary stop motion into operation, either by causing it to crook the wire
or by itself acting upon the wire. The lever or other such apparatus bearing
against the fillet we also cause to act as a stop motion of itself, that is,without
the intervention of that ordinarily used. Another arrangement of stop motion
for fillet card machines we propose for coming into operation when the weight
has nearly reached the floor. For this purpose we establish a communication
by chain, cord, or other such apparatus, between the weight and the lever of
the stop motion, so that the said lever becomes pulled up at the desired period.
Another stop o motion we propose is for sheet card-making machines. For this
purpose we apply a lever in such a situation that the clamp which holds the
sheet will arrive in contact therewith, so as to stop the machine and prevent
breakage should the sheet be too narrow or the clamp wrongly placed. Also,
in card-making machines we fix the prickers and crookers upon a bar which
acts as a spring, instead of mounting them upon centres as now practised.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Worth and Henry Spencer in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 12th February 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, THOMAS
WORTH, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Wire Card Maker, and
HENRY SPENCER, of the same Place, Agent, send greeting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of August, in the year of, our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said Thomas Worth and Henry Spencer, Her special licence that we,
the said Thomas Worth and Henry Spencer, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said Thomas Worth and Henry Spencer,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR PREPARING FOR SPINNING, AND FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER
FIBROUS MATERIALS, IN WINDING AND WARPING YARNS OF THE SAID MATERIALS,
AND IN MAKING WIRE CORDS FOR SUCH PREPARING MACHINERY," upon the con-
dition, amongst others, that we, the said Thomas Worth and Henry Spencer,
or one of us, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under
the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly describe and. ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.;
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Spencer, do hereby declare
the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to say) :-
:-
Our Invention relates, firstly, to the scutcher and carding engine for
preparing cotton and other fibrous materials, and relates to that apparatus
known as Lord's, and used for regulating the feed. In this apparatus two
cones are employed connected by a strap, instead of which arrangement we
employ two rigid surfaces in contact. This improvement is shewn at Fig. 1
of the accompanying Drawings, in which a is the casing which usually.com-

page_text: tains the two cones, one of which is shewn at b, driven by a strap which
passes over the pulley c. In the casing a is mounted a shaft d, upon which
is a roller e caused to revolve therewith by means of a feather, but capable
of sliding, so as to be driven from different diameters of the cone b. Upon
this roller e is a boss, provided with a groove for the reception of a fork f
the other end of which at g is connected to the feed roller of the scutcher
or carding engine, so as to move lengthwise as it rises or falls, as in the
usual Lord's apparatus. The other end of the shaft d is furnished with a
worm, by, which the said feed rollers are caused to revolve. In this
apparatus the fork f moves the roller e to and fro upon the surface of the
cone b, accordingly as more or less feed is required, just as the strap is
.traversed along the two cones in the ordinary arrangement.
Our next improvement relates to the carding engine, and is shewn at
Figs. 2 and 3. In the former of these a represents the taker-in, and b, c,
the feed rollers, which deliver the material to an intermediate roller d, from
whence the taker-in passes it to the cylinder e. To the lower feed roller b
is adapted a dish f, after the manner of the apparatus known as "Bodmen's
feeder," but according to our Invention we carry it upward, so as to be
above the feed roller b. In driving this apparatus we cause the roller c to
run faster (say, six times,) than the roller b, and the intermediate roller d
at a still higher speed, whereby the material becomes combed out before it
is delivered to the taker-in, which runs at the usual speed. In Fig. 3
another arrangement is shewn, with the application of the intermediate
roller, which is at d placed between the feed rollers b, c, and taker-in a, our
object being to get the acting surfaces as close together as possible.
The next part of our Invention is shewn at Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. In
the two first of these the doffer comb is at w, the bar of which is furnished
with V-shaped pieces, situate within similarly-formed guides b, attached
to the framework c. The reciprocating motion is obtained by the cranks d
and connecting rods e.
Another improvement in the doffer comb is shewn at Figs. 6 and 7. The
comb bar is at a connected by arms b to a shaft c, which is countersunk at
its ends for the reception of centre screws d, upon which, therefore, the comb
vibrates, which vibration is effected by cranks connected to the comb bar at e
Figs. 8, 9, represents a modification of the last described improvement
In this instance, the comb bar is carried by levers a, which extend back-
ward, and are at their other ends carried by centre screws d, as before; the
crank rods are shewn at f.
Our next improvements relates to the throstle, and consists in' the use of

page_text: washers of cotton cloth, and also of cork, for regulating the drag. The cotton
cloth may be made of rovings or other coarse threads, whereby sufficient
thickness for the purpose may be gained. The cork, for the same purpose,
may be of one piece in the thickness, or of several cemented together.
Our next improvement relates to bobbins, and consists in "bushing" them
by inserting a coating of glue. To effect this, we dissolve, by preference, the
best Russian glue in vinegar, using sufficient of the former to obtain a suit-
able consistence, and apply one or more coatings to the parts to be bushed;
when dry, the surface may be smoothed off, and it will be found to resist the
action of oil. This method of bushing may be applied to new bobbins or
to those which have been used.
.
Our next improvement refers to preparing and spinning machinery, and
is shewn at Fig. 1, which represents a throstle spindle and its bearings.
The bolster rail is shewn at a, formed with a conical bearing, into which
the spindle c fits, and the footstep at b, also provided with a similar conical
bearing the bolster rail, therefore, by being lowered, may be caused to
compensate for the wear of the surfaces, and maintain the spindles in
properly fitting bearings.
;
Our next improvement relates to the winding machine, and is shewn in two
views at Figs. 11 and 12. The threads from the creel pass through the eyes a
as usual, from thence over a series of grooved rollers b, and are subsequently
wound upon the bobbins e. The grooved rollers we form in two parts b, b*,
covered with cloth, cork, or other suitable soft material; they are mounted so
as to be capable of sliding upon a square shaft f, and between them are placed
thimbles, one of which, at one end of the shaft, or one at either end, is
provided with a groove h, within which is one arm of a bell-crank, lever i,
carrying on its other arm a weight, whereby the thimbles g are caused to
press the two parts of each roller b together, so as to squeeze the yarn between
them, and thus clean it as it passes onward. The shaft fis mounted upon a
bar, which is moved upward and downward to traverse the yarn upon the
bobbins by the ordinary means, and it is at the same time caused to revolve
slowly (say, two revolutions per minute,) and against the motion of the yarn
by any suitable connexion with the machine. To the bar is connected
another bar m, which carries. a series of scrapers n, acting against the
grooved rollers & so as to remove any accumulation of dirt.
Our next improvement refers to the warping mill, and is shewn in the
partial horizontal view, Fig. 13. A portion of the swift is shewn at a, to the
rails b.of which is adapted a clamp. c, carrying a projecting tappet d; this

page_text: clamp can be fastened to any of the rails so as to vary the position of the
tappet upon the swift. A part of the "heck" is shewn at e, to which is
fixed a bracket f, carrying a bell crank lever g, one end of which carries a
sponge provided with a supply of coloring matter, and it is drawn inward
upon its centre of motion by a spring i. As the swift revolves in the direction
of the arrow, it carries the tappet d with it, and while the necessary length
of
warp is being wound, the said tappet passes above the lever 9 but upon
the heck "having risen to the height corresponding to the determined
length, the lever g is brought into the same plane as the tappet d, and will
then be turned upon its centre so as to cause the sponge to press upon
the warp and effect the required mark.
"
The next part of our Invention refers to card-making machinery, the first
improvement in which is shewn at Fig. 14, which represents so much of a
fillet machine as is necessary to explain the same. The fillet, proceeding from
the usual coil, is shewn at a, pressed by a rod b, which turns upon a.centre
at b* against a hollow bar c; the other end of this rod is provided with a
projecting pin d, which extends under the usual lever e of the ordinary stop
motion, which bar, as is well known, rests upon the wire at f. When the
fillett a has been drawn into the machine so far that its end shall have passed
the hollow bar c, then the rod b, being no longer supported, will be allowed to
turn upon its centre, so as to cause the pin d to press upon the lever.e, and
bring the part upward, thereby causing it to be introduced between the
reciprocating stud h and part i, whereby the spring will be drawn
from the stop rod l, as is well understood. In the above arrangement, the
rod is caused to act direct upon the ordinary stop motion lever.
In Fig. 15 another arrangement is shewn, in which the rod b acts indirectly
by first crooking the wire. The fillet, as before, supports the rod b, which
turns at its other end upon a centreb*, and bears at c upon the wire; upon the
end of the fillet passing the bar.c, the rod b by turning upon its centre will
'crook the wire d, and thus allow the lever e to fall. by which means the part ġ
will, as usual, be caused to advance between the cam h and spring i, so as to
arrest the motion of the machine. Fig. 16 shews another arrangement, iu
which the ordinary stop motion is not used. The fillet a, as before, supports
a rod b, which turns upon a centre at 6*, and carries at its other end a piece g.
Ath is a part caused to reciprocate by a cam i and a spring, as in ordinary
stop motions. Upon the end of the fillet having passed the bar c, the rod b
by turning upon its centre will bring the piece g upward, so as to cause it to
occupy a position between the part hand spring k, which being thereby thrust

page_text: We may mention, iu reference to the
bends are merely to avoid working
forward, will liberate the stop rod l.
rod of this Figure, that the several
part of the machine, as will be understood.
Our next improvement in fillet card-making machines is shewn at Fig. 14,
before referred to. The fillet set with cards is at o, to which the weight p is
as usual, attached. To this weight is connected a cord or chain 2, which,
after passing over a roller r, is attached at its other end to the lever e of
the stop motion. The length of this cord or chain is so regulated that upon
the weight nearly reaching the floor, it becomes distended, and causing the
lever e to turn upon its centre, effect the stopping of the machine by the
usual means.
Another of our improvements in card-making machinery refers to that
for sheet cards, and is shewn at Fig. 17. The sheet of cards is shewn at a;
and the ordinary clamp at b; when this clamp has advanced so far as it
may do with safety to the machine, it arrives in contact with a lever c, which
being thus caused to turn upon its centre at cx, presses downward one end
of the usual stop motion lever l, so as to cause the spring e to liberate the
ordinary stop rod, as before described, and, as is well understood, by this
means a breakage will be prevented, should the sheet be too narrow or the
clamp have been wrongly placed.
Our next improvement consists in fixing the prickers and crookers of
card-making machinery upon a bar, which acts as a spring, instead of
mounting them upon centres as now practised.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of oursaid Invention, and
the manner of carrying the same into effect, we desire it to be understood that
we claim as secured to us under the above in part recited Letters Patent,-
Firstly, in reference to that apparatus known as Lord's for regulating the
feed of scutchers and carding engines, the use of the friction surfaces above
described, instead of the cones and strap commonly employed.
Secondly, as applied to carding engines, the application of an intermediate
roller or rollers between the feed apparatus and the "taker-in; " also the
application of a dish above the said roller.
Thirdly, mounting the doffer comb in V-guides, and also upon screw
centres.
Fourthly, the use of drag washers for throstles made of cotton, cloth, or
cork.
Fifthly, bushing bobbins by a coating or coatings of glue.
Sixthly, in reference to spindles of preparing and spinning machinery,
forming them with conical parts adapted to similarly shaped bearings.

page_text: Seventhly, in winding machinery, we claim the use of grooved rollers for
the purpose aforesaid, and constructing such grooved rollers in two parts;
also the clearer for removing dirt from the said rollers.
Eighthly, in the warping mill, we claim the use of a sponge or other
suitable material brought into action as aforesaid for marking the warps.
In reference to card-making machinery, we claim,--
Firstly, the use of the fillet for supporting apparatus, which, when not
supported thereby, brings the ordinary stop motion into operation, either
by acting direct upon the said stop motion or by crooking the wire; also
using the fillet as a support for apparatus, as aforesaid, which acts as a stop
motion of itself, that is, without the intervention of that in ordinary use.
Secondly, connecting the stop motion to the weight for the purpose afore-
said, and described in reference to Fig. 14.
Thirdly, the application of a stop motion to be brought into operation by
the clamp of sheet card machines.
Fourthly, fixing the prickers and crookers upon bars, which act as springs.
In witness whereof, 1, the said Henry Spencer, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eleventh day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
HENRY SPENCER. (L.S.).