Improvements in Linotype Machines.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Nov., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 11th Aug., 1899-Accepted, 11th Nov., 1899
Tribune Dulding, New York, United DEBLES J
Improvements in Linotype Machines.
I, WILLIAM HENRY LOCK, Manager and Secretary of The Linotype Company
Limited, of No. 188, Fleet Street, in the City of London, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The present invention relates to improvements in linotype machines. The
matrices are each provided with several independent characters less than the
number represented by the key-board so that by adjusting the matrix endwise
in the composed line one or another of its characters may be brought into opera-
tive position. They have a two-fold movement, first, that of travelling or being
transported successively from the magazine or place of storage bodily to a com-
mon assembling or composing point, where they are assembled side by side
in line; second, that of longitudinal adjustment in relation to each other in
the composed line. The first action brings together in line matrices which
contain the required characters, while the second brings the special characters
demanded, one on each matrix, into a common line for presentation to the
mould.
The invention has reference to various improvements in the composing, spac-
ing or justifying, casting, and distributing mechanisms, and in the general
organization of the machine.
In the accompanying drawings:-
Figure 1 is a side elevation of the machine.
Figure 2 is a top plan view of the same with the upper portion broken away,
on the line 2-2 of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a section on the line 3-3 of Figures 1 and 12, looking in a down-
ward direotion.
Figure 4 is a vertical section through the upper end of the magazine on the
line 44 of Figure 2.
Figure 5 is a vertical section on the line 5-5 of Figures 2 and 3 and 12.
Figures 6 and 7 are plan views of mechanism for determining the longitu-
dinal adjustment of the individual matrices in the line.
Figure 8 is a vertical section through the upper end of the magazine on the
line 8-8 of Figure 2, and with the matrix-lifting carriage in an elevated posi-
tion.
Figure 9 is a perspective view of one of the finger-keys and its connections
showing the manner in which the key acts to select a matrix, and also to deter-
mine its longitudinal position in the line.
Figure 10 is a vertical section through the entire length of the machine on
the line 8-8 of Figures 2 and 3.
Figure 11 is a vertical section on a larger scale through the lower part of
the machine on the line 8-8.

page_text: Figure 12 is a transverse section on the line 12-12 of Figures 2, 3, 10
and 11.
Figures 12 and 12 are views similar to Figure 12 but with the parts in
different positions.
Figure 13 is a transverse section on the line 13-13 of Figures 2, 3 and 12.
Figures 14 and 15 are views on the same line as Figure 11, but with the
parts in different positions.
Figure 14 is a view on the same lino as Figure 14, but on a larger scale,
showing the relative width of the matrices and spacing wedges and the rela-
tions they bear to the mould and aligning blade during the casting action.
Figure 14 is a diagrammatic view of the gears for operating the mould.
Figure 16 is a perspective view showing in outline the arrangement and
operation of the assembling and justifying devices..
Figure 17 is a perspective view of one of the justifying wedges.
Figure 18 is a vertical cross-section on the line 18-18 of Figure 16.
Figure 19 is a top plan view showing the mechanism for distributing the
spacing wedges or restoring them to their original positions.
Figure 20 is a perspective view of one of the matrices.
Figure 21 is a perspective view of one of the linotypes, the product of the
machine.
As the basis of my machine I provide series of matrices, A, such as shown
in Figure 20, each consisting of a plate of brass or like material bearing in
one edge a number of letters or characters a, and having in the opposite edge
a corresponding number of aligning notches, a¹, and in one end a notch with
distributing teeth a³, in its edges. Each matrix is made of a thickness cor-
responding, with the width of the characters borne in its edge, characters of the
same or practically the same width being grouped on the same matrix. There
will be a sufficient number and variety of matrices to carry all the characters
to be printed, and of each matrix there will be a number of duplicates. A
matrix bearing any given group of characters differs as to the number or rela-
tion of its teeth a, from a matrix bearing any other group, so that the teeth
may co-operate with a distributor rail, and thus direct the matrices to their
appropriate magazine channels.
I also provide for use in connection with the matrices, a series of spacing
wedges, B, such as shown in Figure 17, each consisting of a thin tapered bar
of steel having a notch, b, in one end. These wedges are to be thrust into the
assembled line of matrices, at suitable points, for the purposes of producing
spaces between the words, expanding or justifying the line to the predeter-
mined length, and aiding the matrices to close the mould so as to confine the
molten metal during the casting operation.
The first part of the machine proper is the composing mechanism, designed
to select in proper order the matrices bearing the designated characters. and
spaces, and assemble them in line side by side, at the same time adjusting the
matrices endwise in relation to each other so that the designated characters,
one on each matrix, will stand in a common line.
The second part of the machine comprises mechanism for transferring the
assembled line of matrices and spaces to the front of the mould that it may be
closed thereby, and advancing the spaces to justify the line.
ני
The third part comprises the mould, and means for supplying the molten
metal thereto, and for delivering the linotypes.
The fourth part is the distributing mechanism intended to return the assem-
bled matrices and spaces to their magazines or storage places after each lino-
type is cast.
Passing now to the details of the machine, attention is directed mainly to
Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4, in which C represents a rigid main-frame to, be made of
any form adapted to sustain the operative parts, in the present instance the
frame consists of parallel plates, spaced apart by connecting posts or pillars,

page_text: as shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3, but omitted to some extent in the other figures,
in order to expose more clearly the operative parts. D, Figure 2, is a stationary
inclined magazine having a series of channels to contain the assorted mat-
rices. These channels converge toward their lower ends and deliver through
a common mouth or channel, so that as the matrices bearing the designated
characters are released they descend one after another to the same point to be
added to the end of the line in course of composition.
Each channel is provided, as shown in Figure 4, with an escapement, which
may be of any suitable form, but which, as shown, consists of a lever, d; pivoted
at d', and carrying two pins d³ which, as the lever is rocked, alternately enter
the top of the channel, so that one matrix at a time is released and-permitted
to descend to the place of composition. Each escapement lever is connected by
a wire, d³, lever d, and wire do, with a bar, d, Figure 2 arranged to slide upward
and downward in the frame.
Through each of the sliding bars d, there is extended loosely a series of
finger-keys, E, Sheet 4 and Figure 9 arranged in a vertical row and equal in
number to the characters on one matrix, these keys are pivoted at their rear
ends on horizontal roda E mounted loosely in the main frame, as shown in
Figures 4 and 12. Each key represents one of the characters, and on operating
either one of the keys in the same vertical row, one and the same matrix will
be discharged from the magazine. The several keys are used to release the same
matrix in order that they may respectively, through devices presently to be
described, act to stop the descending matrix at different points, so as to bring
one or another of its characters as demanded in operative position in the com-
posed line.
It will be noticed that there are as many vertical rows of keys as there are
escapements and magazine channels, and that the keys are also arranged in
horizontal rows equal in number to the characters on the individual matrices.
The mechanism for arresting the descending matrices in different positions,
is shown in Figures 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, in which F, F etc., are horizontal
slides mounted in the frame so that they may be advanced one at a time into
the path of the matrix, as in Figures 7 and 9, to stop it in one position or
another according to the character to be used. Each slide is connected to an
arm, f, on a rock-shaft, f, carrying a second arm, f, which engages a plate, f*,
arranged to slide beneath all the keys in a horizontal row, and provided" with an
inclined notch, f, under cach key, so that when a key is depressed to discharge
a matrix it will at the same time move the bar f, endwise and thereby "project
the appropriate stop slide I, to check the matrix with the character represented
by the key at the desired point. All the keys in each horizontal row actuate
the same stop slide, so that although they deliver matrices from different chan-
nels, bearing different characters, they bring into line characters bearing like
positions on the matrices. In other words, all the keys in the upper horizontal
row will stop the matrices with their lowermost characters at the aligning point,
while keys in the second horizontal row will bring the second matrix characters
into action and so on throughout the series. Thus it is that I am enabled to
employ matrices each bearing a number of characters and to bring the charac-
ters selected one on oach matrix into alignment: so that the machine is enabled
to produce a large number of characters by the use of a small number of mat-
rices and channels, the matrix arresting slides or stops F, F, etc., are preferably
constructed as shown in Figures 5 and 9, with lips F5 to over-ride the lower
ends of the matrices as the latter are arrested in their movement, and each
slide is subjected to the action of a spiral depressing spring, Fe as shown in
Figure 5. These springs act to urge the slides down with moderate frictional
effect on the matrix as it rides under the lip of the slide, the effect being to
check the momentum of the matrix with an easy action, and to prevent it from
rebounding.
As the matrices are arrested one after another the resulting line is sustained

page_text: upon the bed plate e, forming part of the main frame, which bed plate is pro-
vided with a rib, o', Figure 16 which enters one of the notches in the lower
edge of each of the matrices and holds it from shifting endwise in relation to
the others, although it permits the line to advance horizontally to the left as
it lengthens. As each matrix is stopped in its descent it is carried laterally
against and added to the rear end of the line, and the line moved bodily for-
ward to make room for the next matrix by means of the reciprocating pusher g,
Figures 9 and 12, which may be actuated by lever G, and magnet g', or in any
other suitable manner.
As the line, increasing in length, advances on the bed, its advance is resisted
and the line held in close order, as shown in Figures 3, 12, and 12", by a plate, H,
carried by arms h, attached to arms h¹, on rock-shaft h, having a weighted
arm h. The magnet 9 will be mounted in a circuit closed by the action of
each finger-key, so that the action of a key to bring a matrix to the line is
followed by the advance of the entire line by the pusher, as already explained.
Figure 9 illustrates a simple method of thus closing the circuit by the finger
keys, the bars do, which are actuated by the keys, being arranged to press con-
ducting fingers in one side of the circuit into contacting with the bar forming
a part of the other side of the circuit. It is to be understood, however, that
the pusher may be constructed and operated in any other manner which will
give it essentially the same mode of action.
It is necessary in the course of composition to introduce the spacing-wedges
between each word and the next; that is to say, between the matrix bearing
the last character of one word and the matrix bearing the first character of the
next word. To this end I arrange the wedges, as shown in Figure 16, side by
side in two groups with their thin ends projected toward each other. I sustain
them at their outer ends on two stationary wires or guides &¹, passing through
their notches, these wires being supported rigidly as shown in Figure 11, by
lips 10 extending inward from the frame, and passing through the open ends
of the notches in the spacing wedges.
The two groups of wedges are assembled normally, as shown in Figures 12,
and 16, above the points at which the incoming matrices are added to the line,
and the inner ends of the wedges rest upon and are sustained by shoulders on
the main frame with lips 69, at the front edge to prevent them from sliding
downward off of the shoulder.
In order to introduce a wedge into the line it is only necessary to lift the
front wedge clear of the lip 63, Figures 11, 12, 16, so that it may pass thereover
and drop at its thin end into position behind the composed line and in front
of the next matrix to be introduced. In this manner the ends of the wedges
are introduced into and made a part of the line with which they are free to
advance by sliding along the guide wires 61, as clearly shown in Figure 16.
The release of the wedges that they may thus fall into the line one after another
is effected, as shown in Figure 13, by a rocking-lever, 63, having in opposite
sides of its axis two pius, , which act beneath the front wedges of the respec-
tive groups so that as the lever is vibrated, a. wedge is delivered first from
one group and then from the other into the line. As the successive wedges thus
introduced are tapered in opposite directions, and as the taper is very slight,
the matrices are not thrown out of their parallel positions to any appreciable
extent. If preferred, however, two wedges may be dropped into the line for
each space. In such case their outer or distant surfaces will be parallel and
the adjacent matrices will consequently remain parallel so that there will be
no deviation of their characters from the vortical. The rocking lever for deli-
vering the wedges into the line will be connected in any suitable manner with
finger-keys 66, commonly designated spacing-keys, so that when either key is
depressed a space will be delivered. As shown in Figure 13, the shanks or
stems of these finger keys are extended downward and connected directly to
the opposite ends of the lever b³.

page_text: It will be understood that the wedges are inserted, in the first instance, with
their thin enda in the line, as shown in Figure 16, and that they thus remain
until the completion of the composition, after which they are advanced endwise
through the line from opposite directions to effect the justification in a manner
hereinafter explained. The stationary wires b', b, on which the outer ends
of the wedges are sustained are continued, as shown in Figures 12, 12ª and 16,
to sustain the wedges as they advance with the line to the casting position,
and they are also turned upward at their right hand ends and carried horizontally
to the left at a higher elevation, as shown at 6, and this in order that the wedges
carried from the lower ends of the wire with the line may be re-applied to the
wires at their upper ends as hereinafter explained.
In Figures 2, 3, 10, 11, 12, 16 and 18, I represents a rising and falling table
sustained and guided by a tubular or box-like shank, i, sliding through and
guided by the plates of the main frame. When in its lower and normal posi-
tion this table forms a continuation of the bed-plate, o, as in Figures 12, and 16,
so that the composed line of matrices and spacing wedges may be pushed for-
ward from the bed c on to the top of the table, as shown in Figures 3 and 12".
The table I the width of which is equal to the length of the longest line re-
quired, is provided at its outer edge with a jaw or abutment, 13, by which the
advancing line is arrested and supported. The table is also provided at its
opposite side with a vertically-sliding jaw, ♬, Figure 12 which rises behind the
transferred line to confine the same upon the table and determine its length
when the justification occurs.
The composed line is shifted from the bed c to the table I. The plate H,
heretofore mentioned, as a yielding resistant to sustain the front of the line
during composition, is lifted by hand from the front and transferred to the rear
of the line, so that it serves as a means of carrying the line forward. The plate H
will be lifted from the front and transferred to the rear by hand, but it is obvious
that suitable operating mechanism could be applied if desired.
It will be noticed that this plate serves, therefore, the double function of a
resistant to keep the line in close order during the course of composition,
and thereafter, of a transferring device to move the completed line from the bed
to the table. In order to hold the matrix line in compact form while it is
being transferred to the table, and after the plate has been transferred to
the right end of the line, I provide a second resisting or supporting plate H¹,
see Figures 3, 12, 12, 12b etc., carried on one end of the sliding rod ho acted
upon by a spiral spring hs which tends constantly to urge the plate to the
right. When therefore the plate H¹ takes its place at the left it offers a
moderate resistance to the line as the latter is shifted to the left. The eleva-
tion of the jaw, behind the line on the table is effected by means of the before
mentioned lever, h³, Figure 12. It will be remembered that this lever is con-
nected through intermediate parts with the plate H, and as the plate completes
its movement in shifting the line, the lever h³, encounters the jaw ³, and car-
ries it upward. It will be understood, however, that any equivalent means
may be employed for raising and lowering the jaw, as these parts are not of
the essence of the invention and affect the speed rather than the operativeness
of the machine. When elevated, the jaw may be sustained by leaving the
plate H inside of the jaw, so as to maintain the lever H in the elevated posi-
tion; or, if said plate is lifted clear of the line, the jaw may be sustained by
friction in its guides, which will be augmented for the time being by the pres-
sure of the expanded matrix line.
As the composed line is moved upon the table the contained space-bars slide,
as shown in Figure 16, from the ends of the guide wires 61, on to horizontal
ribs 1, formed on the upper ends of arms L, the lower ends of which are con-
nected by vertically swinging levers A, to the lower part of the table, as shown
in Figure 11, this arrangement permitting the arms L to rise and fall with the
table and also independently of the same to a limited extent. The ribs 1, when

page_text: the table is down, form continuations of the wires 6³, so that the wedges may
slide freely upon them.
It will be understood that when the wedges are thus transferred to the arma,
they are entirely free from the stationary wires b, b' so that when the table
rises the matrices and spaces may both he lifted thereon.
Above the table at a considerable elevation above the position in which the
line is composed, is located the mould M, Figure 14, which may be of any suit-
able form, but which in the present instance, consists of a rotary dise or wheel,
having the mould cell, m, extended therethrough from front to back, the wheel
being supported by a shaft, m', mounted in suitable bearings in the frame.
After the composed line is secured in place on the table the latter is lifted
until the matrices and spaces are pressed tightly against the under side of the
mould wheel, and across the mould cell so as to tightly close the latter on the
under side, and present the selected characters in front thereof, as represented
in Figures 12 and 14, this closing action being essentially the same as in
the numerous patents heretofore granted to me.
When the composed line is lifted and presented to the mould as just described,
it is necessary that the outer elevated ends of the wedges shall be permitted to
fall until they stand in line with the matrices. It is for this reason that the
arms L, Figure 15, aro connected to the levers A, and sustained by the springs (³,
in order that they may descend and lower the outer ends of the spaces from
their original position shown in Figures 11 and 15 until they rest flatly upon
the table, as shown in Figure 1.1.
As the rising table I lifts the upper edges of the matrices and spaces against
the under face of the mould, the spuces are depressed at their outer ends until
they lose their inclined relations to the matrices and stand in line therewith,
the arms L of course sinking at the same time. While the spaces are in this
position, as shown in Figure 14, they are moved inward endwise to effect the
justification of the line. After the slug or linotype has been cast, the table is
lowered and is followed by the end of the matrix guide u, until the latter
reaches the sustaining pillar at the right of the main shaft, as shown in Figures 1
and 11. Meantime, and before the table falls away from the guide ³, the
arms L sustain the outer ends of the spaces in an elevated relation to the table,
so that the slide or carrier may ride under the spaces and gain access to the
upper ends of the matrices. At or prior to this time, the aligning blade
lowered out of the notches in the matrices, which are thus allowed to slide end-
wise until their upper ends are brought into the common line by reason of the
ears on their under sides at the upper ends coming in contact with the blade.
After the engagement of the carrier slide with the teeth in the upper ends
of the matrices, the aligning blade sinks until it is flush with the table, so that
the matrices may be carried upward thereover to the distributing mechanism.
In order to release the matrices preparatory to their re-alignment, as above
stated, the spaces are withdrawn endwise by the arms I. After the matrices
are removed from the table by slide U, the table sinks to its original and lowest
position.
is
When the composed line is presented to the mould as above described, it is
necessary that the spacing wedges shall be thrust inward until the line is justi-
fied or tightly spaced out to the predetermined length. This action of thrusting
the wedges inward through the line from opposite directions is effected by the
arms L, L, which are connected, (see particularly Figures 14 and 15) by links,
to opposite ends of a cross-arm, , on a rock-shaft, , which is seated in the
table and provided with a weighted lover, 2, which on being released, causes
the arms L, to swing inward toward each other, carrying with them the wedges.
The advance of the arms is controlled and their separation to withdraw the
wedges effected at the proper time, by a rod, 7, connected to an angular lever, 18,
one end of which is acted upon by a cam wheel, P, on the main shaft. The
wedges are preferably advanced to justify the line as the matrices are being

page_text: closed against the mould by the rising action of the table, and they are pre-
ferably retracted to release the matrices immediately after the casting action,
as the descent of the table begins, but the time of these movements may be
changed so long as they do not interefere with the other actions of the machine.
The rising and falling movements of the table are effected at the proper times
by a lever, pivoted to the main frame, and provided with a roller or projec-
tion,, riding on a suitably shaped cam, 2, on the main shaft, Z mounted in
the main frame.
When the composed or assembled line of matrices, having its members held
in proper longitudinal relation by rib c', is shifted to the table, the relation of
the matrices must be maintained, and this must be continued until the line
has been raised to the mould and the casting operation completed. For this
purpose the rising and falling blade is mounted in a slot in the table as shown
in Figures 10, 123, 14, 15, 16, etc. During the assembling of the line the blade
stands above the table, as shown in Figure 16, forming a continuation of the
fixed rib c on the bed, so that when the completed line is shifted endwise from
the bed to the table the blade enters the notches in the under edges of the
matrices and prevents them from moving endwise. The blade remains in its
elevated position during the rising movement of the table, during the casting
action, and until the table has descended part way to its original position, to
the level at which the matrices are engaged by the slide or carrier U which
elevates them to the distributor, as will be presently explained.
In order that the rising and falling movement of the table, and of the blade
therein, may be effected by the lever mentioned above, the aligning blade
is attached to a plate mounted in the lower part or standard of the table
and having a limited sliding motion up and down therein. It is to this plate 10
that the end of the lever is connected. Through slots in the table standard
a fixed cross-bar is extended, its outer ends being held by arms connected
to the main bed plate as shown in Figure 1. When the table is down in posi-
tion to receive the matrix line, as shown in Figures 10 and 11, the plate 10
rests on and is sustained by the bar 20, so that the aligning blade is held above
the table surface in position to engage the matrices.
The links or levers are mounted on pivots in the table standard and their
inner ends engage the plate 210. Acting under the influence of the springs,
they tend to depress the plate 10 and thereby draw the aligning blade ³ down
within the table. As the table completes its ascent to the casting position,
the spacing wedges B, at their outer or elevated ends, encounter the under side
of the mould wheel, as indicated in dotted lines in Figure 11, so that as the
table continues to rise the wedges are caused to swing down into the matrix
line, into the plane of the matrices, as shown in Figure 14 and 14. The spaces
thus sinking into the line carry down, or more strictly speaking hold down
their actuating arms L and the outer ends of their links or levers in relation
to the table, the levers for a time ceasing their influence on the plate 10, as
shown in Figure 14.
1
As the table falls away from the mould wheel after the casting action the
springs through the levers and arms L, again raise the outer ends of the
spaces above the table, and above the level of the matrices, as shown by dotted
lines in Figure 15, the levers at the same time and by the same motion drawing
the plate and aligning blade down until the blade leaves the notches in the
under side of the matrices. This relcases the matrices so that they may slide
downward on the table until the ears or shoulders on under side, at their
upper ends, encounter the blade, which at this time is still projecting slightly
above the table. The matrices being thus arrested in their sliding motion
have their upper ends brought into a common line in order that they may bé
engaged by the distributor lifter or slide U presently to be described, before
the plate disappears within the table.
.
It will be perceived that the sinking motion of the blade is caused by the

page_text: springs acting through levers A, and that the latter are in turn controlled
through their arms L and the spaces B bearing against the mould M. As the
table sinks away from the mould, with the matrices, the arms L for the time
being remain at rest, so far as vertical motion is concerned, and so long as the
outer ends of the spaces bear against the mould. The levers are in the mean-
while sinking at their inner ends with the table. It follows that these inner
ends will lower the slide and its aligning blade in relation to the table.
It is to be noted that although the lever i actuated by cam operates through
the plate to raise and lower the blade and the table, the motion of the blade
within the table is modified or controlled in part by the levers 7, actuated at
one time by the springs, and held at another time by the opposing arms L
and the spaces thereon bearing against the mould. The parts are so timed and
proportioned that the matrices are released and permitted to re-align them-
selves and the carrier U is pormitted to engage them before the blade sinks
wholly within the table, and that after such engagement the blade completely
disappears so that the matrices may be carried over it toward the distributor.
In order that the spacing wedges may not prevent the rising action of the
aligning blade they should be made of less width vertically than the matrices,
so that they may rest upon the aligning blade, which will support them in
contact with the mould, as shown in detail in Figure 14".
As an equivalent or additional means for bringing the matrices into a common
line before they are engaged by the carrier U, a flange, is extended across
the lower edge of the table, I, as shown in Figures 3, 10, 11, 14, 14", 15, 16
and 18, rising slightly above the surface of the table so that when the matrices
are released by the descent of the blade, they will all slide downward until
their lower ends encounter the flange, which will cause their upper ends to
stand in line, so that their teeth may be engaged by the teeth of the carrier U.
This flange, forms, when the table is down, a continuation or flange,
extending across the lower end of the bed D, and serving to limit the descent
of the matrices and to prevent their accidental escape from the machine.
While the mould is closed on the under side by the matrices and spaces it
must be filled with molten metal in order to form the linotype. This is effected
by means of a melting-pot, N, Figure 14, hinged on a horizontal pivot, at its
lower outer side to the main frame as shown in Figures 10, 11, and 14, that it
may swing to and from the top of the mould, and heated by any suitable burner, n³,
so that a large supply of molten metal may be maintained therein. The pot
is provided with a month adapted to fit over and close the upper or rear side of
the mould cell, and is provided with a delivery orifice, ¹, communicating with
an internal pump, n³, so that by the operation of the pump the molten metal
may be forcibly delivered into the mould cell, in which it solidifies and forms
a bar or linotype bearing on its edge in relief the characters presented by the
matrices which are for the time being in front of the mould.
After the casting operation is finished and the matrices removed from the
mould, as hereinafter explained. the mould wheel makes a partial revolution
and presents the linotype in front of the sliding-ejector blade, R, Figure 11,
which is then forced downward by a cam, ", so as to drive the linotype before it
out of the mould, the rotation of the mould wheel and the movement of the
ejector occur alternately, as in the linotype machine now in general use, the
intermitting rotation of the mould being effected by an ordinary stop-motion
pinion mmounted on an ordinary mould shaft and engaging an ordinary
mutilated or speed motion gear mal, on the upper end of the main shaft Z, as
shown in Figures 1, 10, 14 and 15, and in the diagram 14b adjacent to Figure 14.
This gear is not in itself an essential part of the present invention, as it is
well known in the art, and is similar in construction and operation to that now
used for driving the mould wheel in the commercial linotype machines in which
the wheel is rotated and the ejector reciprocated alternately. Motion may be
communicated to the machine from any source, through any ordinary means

page_text: known to the mechanic, for example, a pulley on the lower end of the main
shaft Z, as shown in Figures 10, 11, 15, etc., this feature forming no part.of the
invention.
..
"b
The mould may be rotated, the melting-pot moved to and from the same, and
the pump actuated by devices of any suitable character as these parts are not
of the essence of the invention. I recommend, however, the swinging. of the
pot to and from the mould by means of a rod, 2, (see Figures 1 and 10). lifted
by a spring, n, and depressed at suitable times by a lever, 8, acted upon by
a projection n¹³ on the guide i, of the table, so that as the table rises to present
the matrices to the under side of the mould, it acts to swing the pot against the
upper side of the mould. The pump plunger is operated by a. lever, n, Figure 14,
depressed by a cam n, and elevated by a spring n", as shown in Figure 14.
After the casting operation is completed, it is necessary to distribute the
matrices and spaces, returning the former to the upper ends of the magazine
and restoring the latter to their sustaining wires. This is effected in the manner
following:-
% b
A alide, U, Figure 3, having its lower end provided with teeth u, to engage
within the upper toothed ends of the matrices is arranged to slide upward and
downward in the pivoted guide u', so arranged that when the guide completes
its downward movement its teeth will enter and engage the entire line of mat-
rices, so that on again moving upward the slide will carry with it through the
guide u, all the matrices to the distributing devices at the top of the machine,
leaving the space-bars behind. In order that the toothed end of the slide may
pass beneath the ends of the spacing wedges so as to enter the notches in the
matrices, the end of the guile, is permitted a limited rising and falling
motion, its end overlapping the table so as to be lifted thereby, as shown in
Figure 14, the upper end of the guide is sustained as shown in Figure 1,
by a horizontal pivot attached to an outreaching arm of the main frame C.
Before the slide U descends to engage the matrices the table falls and lowers
the end of the guide until it rests on the sustaining post as indicated by the
dotted lines in Figure 14 and in full lines in Figures 1, 11 and 15, thus carry-
ing the notched ends of the matrices below the outer ends of the wedges which
at this time are still sustained at their higher elevation by the arms L. It is
at this stage that the blade releases the matrices so that they are re-aligned,
and then sinks into the table so that the slide U may carry the matrices upward
without obstruction.
As the slide U passes down to engage the matrices, it will lift out of the way
the overlying inclined spaces.
In order that the teeth on the slide may engage the matrices the slide is
divided horizontally at its lower end and its two parts united, as in Figure 8,
by a hinge-pin, and urged apart by an intermediate spring, u, so that when the
slide is moved downward its lower end may close together and permit its
bevelled teeth to pass over and engage the teeth of the matrices. The slide U,
may be moved upward and downward in any suitable manner, but I recommend
the employment of the cord, ut, winding on a drum, ³, the shaft of which car-
ries a driving pinion, 6, actuated by a rack-bar, 7, attached to an angular
lever, Figure 10, which is in turn pivoted to the main-frame and acted upon
by the cam-wheel, . The slide is provided with anti-friction rollers in order
that it may descend the guide by gravity.
When the slide engages and removes the line of matrices the spacing wedges
are left behind, their outer ends being held and sustained by the ribs 7, Figure 16,
on the upper ends of the arms L, which, it will be remembered, were lifted
with the table. In this intermediate elevated position, the ribs 7, stand for the
time being in alignment with the wires b³, before referred to, as shown by
dotted lines in Figures 12, 12%, and 16. The spacing wedges while in this
position are acted upon by two hooked arms V, (see Figures 2, 12, 12ª and 19),
by which they are drawn to the right off the ends of the ribs 1, and thence

page_text: along the stationary wires 6, until they reach the downwardly-turned portions
of the latter, when they descend by gravity and are added to the series resting
on the wires b¹, as plainly shown in Figures 12, 12" and 16, to be again intro-
duced in their order into another line. During this return of the wedges from
the higher level and toward their original positions, their inner ends travel
over the horizontal plate shown in section in Figures 11, 12 and 13, whereby
the wedges are prevented from falling and coming in contact with those below.
It will be observed that each spacing wedge has, first, a falling motion into
the line: second, a lateral motion with the line: third, a rising motion with
the line fourth, an endwise motion to effect justification, and fifth, a lateral
and falling motion to the starting point. It is to be noted also that each spac-
ing wedge pursues a circulatory course through the machine, passing along the
wire 6, to the rib, (, and from the latter to the upper end of the wire 6, and
along the latter to the starting point.
The hooked arms V for restoring the spaces are attached to an arm, v,
Figure 19 on an upright rock-shaft, v', having a second arm, w, acted on by
a spring, which moves the hooked arms forward, and by a cam, t, which
draws the arms rearward. When the matrices lifted by the slide U, reach the
upper end of the guide u¹, they are transferred laterally and successively to a
distributor-rail, W, Figure 2, extending horizontally over the upper ends of
the magazine channels, this rail being constructed with longitudinal permuted
teeth, after the manner of that set out in my Patent No. 347,629, before referred
to. Screws X, lying along the sides of this rail and suitably rotated, advance
the matrices along the rail from which they are suspended by their teeth until
they reach points directly over their respective channels when their teeth dis-
engage from the rail and they pass into the magazine by gravity. The distri-
butor rail, the feed screws, and the devices for delivering the matrices succes-
sively to the rail and the screws may be in all respects identical with the cor-
responding parts in Letters Patent No. 14582, 16th of September, 1890, the
matrix line is transferred laterally from the lifting slide or carrier U toward
the distributor rail, as shown in Figure 2, by the slide u¹º connected to lever u",
which is pivoted to the main-frame and moved in one direction by cam u¹³ on
the main-shaft, and in the other direction by spring us, this arrangement being
almost identical with that in my earlier machines.
The operation of the machine is as follows:-The finger keys representing
the required characters are depressed in the order in which the characters are
to appear. Each key operates the escapement to release from the magazine a
matrix containing a corresponding character and, at the same time, projects
the appropriate stop-slide, F. The matrix descending from the magazine en-
counters the stop, and is arrested with the designated character in line with
those in the composed line. As soon as the matrix is stopped the pusher, g,
forces it laterally against the line and pushes the line bodily forward against
the resistant, H, in order to leave room for the admission of the next matrix
which is added in like manner. After the composition of each word, the spac-
ing key is operated, lifting the end of one of the spaces B, over the detaining
lip, b, so that it may fall behind the line, to which it is added by the pusher in
the same manner that the matrices are added. The introduction of matrices
then continues until the next space is required and so on repeatedly until the
composition of the line is completed, after which the plate H, is transferred
to the rear end of the line and then carried forward, pushing the line before
it from the bed to the table, at the same time causing the outer ends of the
spaces which are in the line to slide off of the wires b', on to the ribs. The jaw ¿¹
is then lifted so as to confine the line upon the table between it and the oppo-
site jaw, after which the table is lifted bodily until the composed line is pre-
sented tightly against the face of the mould and the aligning bar 20, elevated to
hold the matrices in position. The arms L are then carried inward to advance
the spacing-wedges through the line and complete the justification, and at or

page_text: about the same time, the mould is closed on the back by the advance of the
melting-pot and the pump actuated to fill the mould and form the linotype.
The table is then partly lowered by the rotation of cam, the pot separated
from the mould, by the release of lever n8, Figure 10, and the lifting action of
spring n', the mould partly rotated, and the ejector operated to deliver the
linotype. The slide U, controlled by lever and cam u³, now descends, and
engaging the matrices, previously released and re-aligned through the descent
of blade, carries them upward to the distributor through which they are
returned to the magazine. The spacing wedges which remain behind supported
by the ribs l, are engaged by the hooked arms V, and carried laterally from
the ribs to the wires 6, and along the latter until they are in position to
descend to the starting-point, after which the table continues its descent to its
first position, flush with the assembling bed.
1
1000
I, WILLIAM HENRY LOCK, Manager and Secretary of The Linotype Company,
Limited, of 188, Fleet Street, in the City of London, do horeby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, (as
they have been communicated to me by The Mergenthaler Linotype Company,
of Tribune Building, New York, U.S.A.), to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The present invention relates to improvements in linotype machines. The
matrices of it are each provided with several independent characters less than the
number represented by the key-board so that by adjusting the matrix endwise
in the composed line, one or another of its characters may be brought into opera-
tive position. They have a two-fold movement, first, that of travelling or being
transported successively from the magazine or place of storage bodily to a com-
mon assembling or composing point, where they are assembled side by side
in line; second, that of longitudinal adjustment in relation to each other in
the composed line. The first action brings together in line matrices which
contain the required characters, while the second brings the special characters
demanded, one on each matrix, into a common line for presentation to the
mould.
The invention has reference to various improvements in the composing, spac-
ing or justifying, casting, and distributing mechanisms, and in the general
organization of the machine.
Referring to the drawings filed with my Provisional Specification, and which
are to be taken as part of this specification and read therewith:-
Figure 1 is a side elevation of the machine.
Figure 2 is a top plan view of the same with the upper portion broken away,
on the line 2-2 of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a section on the line 3-3 of Figures 1 and 12, looking in a down-
ward direction.
Figure 4 is a vertical section through the upper end of the magazine on the
line 4-4 of Figure 2.
Figure 5 is a vertical section on the line 5-5 of Figures 2 and 3 and 12.

page_text: Figures 6 and 7 are plan views of mechanism for determining the longitu-
dinal adjustment of the individual matrices in the line.
Figure 8 is a vertical section through the upper end of the magazine on the
line 8-8 of Figure 2, and with the matrix-lifting carriage in an elevated posi-
tion.
Figure 9 is a perspective view of one of the finger-keys and its connections
showing the manner in which the key acts to select a matrix, and also to deter-
mine its longitudinal position in the line.
Figure 10 is a vertical section through the entire length of the machine on
the line 88 of Figures 2 and 3.
Figure 11 is a vertical section on a larger scale through the lower part of
the machine on the line 8-8.
1..
:
Figure 12 is a transverse section on the line 12-12 of Figures 2, 3, 10
and 11.
Figures 12 and 12b are views similar to Figure 12 but with the parts in
different positions.
Figure 13 is a transverse section on the line 13-13 of Figures 2, 3 and 12.
Figures 14 and 15 are views on the same line as Figure 11, but with the
parts in different positions.
Figure 14 is a view on the same line as Figure 14, but on a larger scale,
showing the relative width of the matrices and spacing wedges and the rela-
tions they bear to the mould and aligning blade during the casting action.
Figure 14 is a diagrammatic view of the gears for operating the mould.
Figure 16 is a perspective view showing in outline the arrangement and
operation of the assembling and justifying devices.
Figure 17 is a perspective view of one of the justifying wedges.
Figure 18 is a vertical cross-section on the line 18-18 of Figure 16.
Figure 19 is a top plan view showing the mechanism for distributing the
spacing wedges or restoring then to their original positions.
Figure 20 is a perspective view of one of the matrices.
Figure 21 is a perspective view of one of the linotypes, the product of the
machine.
As the basis of my machine, I provide series of matrices, A, such as shown
in Figure 20, each consisting of a plate of brass or like material bearing in
one edge a number of letters or characters a, and having in the opposite edge
a corresponding number of aligning notches, a¹, and in one end a notch with
distributing teeth a³, in its edges. Each matrix is made of a thickness cor-
responding with the width of the characters borne in its edge, characters of the
same or practically the same width being grouped on the same matrix. There
will be a sufficient number and variety of matrices to carry all the characters
to be printed, and of each matrix there will be a number of duplicates. 4
matrix bearing any given group of characters differs as to the number or rela-
tion of its teeth a³, from a matrix bearing any other group, so that the teeth
may co-operate with a distributor rail, and thus direct the matrices to their
appropriate magazine channels as beretofore.
I also provide for use in connection with the matrices, a series of spacing
wedges B, such as shown in Figure 17, each consisting of a thin tapered bar
of steel having a notch b, in one end. These wedges are to be thrust into tho
assembled line of matrices, at suitable points, for the purposes of producing
spaces between the words, expanding or justifying the line to the predetor-
mined length, and aiding the matrices to close the mould so as to confine the
molten metal during the casting operation.
The first part of the machine proper is the composing mechanism, designed
to select in proper order the matrices bearing the designated characters and
spaces, and assemble them in line side by side, at the same time adjusting the
matrices endwise in relation to each other so that the designated characters,
one on each matrix, will stand in a common line.

page_text: The second part of the machine comprises mechanism for transferring the
assembled line of matrices and spaces to the front of the mould that it may be
closed thereby, and advancing the spaces to justify the line.
The third part comprises the mould, and means for supplying the molten
metal thereto, and for delivering the linotypes.
The fourth part is the distributing mechanism intended to return the assem-
bled matrices and spaces to their magazines or storage places after each lino-
type is cast.
Passing now to the details of the machine attention is direcetd mainly to
Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4, in which C represents a rigid main-frame to be made of
any form adapted to sustain the operative parts; in the present instance the
frame consists of parallel plates, spaced apart by connecting posts or pillars,
as shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3, but omitted to some extent in the other figures,
in order to expose more clearly the operative parts. D, Figure 2, is a stationary
inclined magazine having a series of channels to contain the assorted mat-
rices. These channels converge toward their lower ends and deliver through
a common mouth or channel, so that as the matrices bearing the designated
characters are released, they descend one after another to the same point to be
added to the end of the line in course of composition.
Each channel is provided, as shown in Figure 4, with an escapement, which
may be of any suitable form, but which, as shown, consists of a lever d, pivotted
at d', and carrying two pins d³, which, as the lever is rocked, alternately enter
the top of the channel, so that one matrix at a time is released and permitted
to descend to the place of composition. Each escapement lever is connected by
a wire d', lever d, and wire d³, with a bar d, Figure 2, arranged to slide upward
and downward in the frame.
Through each of the sliding bars, there is extended loosely a series of
finger-keys E, Figures 4, 6, 7 and 9, arranged in a. vertical row and equal in
number to the characters on one matrix. These keys are pivotted at their rear
ends on horizontal rods E mounted loosely in the main frame, as shown in
Figures 4 and 12. Each key represents one of the characters, and on operating
either one of the keys in the same vertical row, one and the same matrix will
be discharged from the magazine. The several keys are used to release the same
matrix in order that they may respectively, through devices presently to be
described, act to stop the descending matrix at different points, so as to bring
one or another of its characters as demanded in operative position in the com-
posed line.
It will be noticed that there are as many vertical rows of keys as there are
escapements and magazine channels, and that the keys are also arranged in
horizontal rows equal in number to the characters on the individual matrices.
The mechanism for arresting the descending matrices in different positions,
is shown in Figures 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, in which F, F etc., are horizontal
slides mounted in the frame so that they may be advanced one at a time into
the path of the matrix, as in Figures 7 and 9, to stop it in one position or
another according to the character to be used. Each slide is connected to an
arm fon a rock-shaft carrying a second arm which engages a plate f
arranged to slide beneath all the keys in a horizontal row, and provided with an
inclined notch f³ under each key, so that when a key is depressed to discharge
a matrix, it will at the same time move the bar fendwise and thereby project
the appropriate stop slide F, to check the matrix with the character represented
by the key at the desired point. All the keys in each horizontal row actuate
the same stop slide, so that although they deliver matrices from different chan-
nels, bearing different characters, they bring into line characters bearing like
positions on the matrices. In other words, all the keys in the upper horizontal
row will stop the matrices with their lowermost characters at the aligning point,
while keys in the second horizontal row will uring the second matrix characters
into action and so on throughout the series. Thus it is that I am enabled to

page_text: employ matrices each bearing a number of characters and to bring the charac-
ters selected one on each matrix into alignment; so that the machine is enabled
to produce a large number of characters by the use of a small number of mat-
rices and channels. The matrix arresting slides or stops F, F, etc., are preferably
constructed as shown in Figures 5 and 9, with lips to over-ride the lower
ends of the matrices as the latter are arrested in their movement, and each
slide is subjected to the action of a spiral depressing spring, F, as shown in
Figure 5. These springs act to urge the slides down with moderate frictional
effect on the matrix as it rides under the lip of the slide, the effect being to
check the momentum of the matrix with an easy action, and to prevent it from
rebounding.
As the matrices are arrested one after another, the resulting line is sustained
upon the bed plate e, forming part of the main frame, which bed plate is pro-
vided with a rib c', Figure 16, which enters one of the notches in the lower
edge of each of the matrices and holds it from shifting endwise in relation to
the others, although it permits the line to advance horizontally to the left as
it lengthens. As each matrix is stopped in its descent, it is carried laterally
against and added to the rear end of the line, and the line moved bodily for-
ward to make room for the next matrix by means of the reciprocating pusher 9,
Figures 9 and 12, which may be actuated by lever G, and magnet g¹, or in any
other suitable manner.
As the line, increasing in length, advances on the bed, its advance is resisted
and the line held in close order, as shown in Figures 3, 12 and 12", by a plate H,
carried by arms h, attached to arms h³, on rock-shaft h³, having a weighted
arm h. The magnet will be mounted in a circuit closed by the action of
each finger-key, so that the action of a key to bring a matrix to the line, is
followed by the advance of the entire line by the pusher, as already explained.
Figure 9 illustrates a simple method of thus closing the circuit by the finger
keys, the bars do, which are actuated by the keys, being arranged to press con-
ducting fingers in one side of the circuit into contacting with the bar forming
a part of the other side of the circuit. It is to be understood, however, that
the pusher may be constructed and operated in any other manner which will
give it essentially the same mode of action.
It is necessary in the course of composition to introduce the spacing-wedges
between each word and the next; that is to say, between the matrix bearing
the last character of one word and the matrix bearing the first character of the
next word. To this end I arrange the wedges, as shown in Figure 16, side by
side in two groups with their thin ends projected toward each other. I sustain
them at their outer ends on two stationary wires or guides 6' passing through
their notches, these wires being supported rigidly, as shown in Figure 11, by
lips 60 extending inward from the frame and passing through the open ends
of the notches in the spacing wedges.
The two groups of wedges are assembled normally, as shown in Figures 12
and 16, above the points at which the incoming matrices are added to the line,
and the inner ends of the wedges rest upon and are sustained by shoulders on
the main frame with lips 6 at the front edge to prevent them from sliding
downward off the shoulder.
In order to introduce a wedge into the line, it is only necessary to lift the
front wedge clear of the lip 2, Figures 11, 12, 16, so that it may pass thereover
and drop at its thin end into position behind the composed line and in front
of the next matrix to be introduced. In this manner, the ends of the wedges
are introduced into and made a part of the line with which they are free to
advance by sliding along the guide wires 61, as clearly shown in Figure 16.
The release of the wedges that they may thus fall into the line one after another
is effected, as shown in Figure 13, by a rocking-lever 63, having in opposite
sides of its axis two pins 64, which act beneath the front wedges of the respec-
tive groups so that as the lever is vibrated, a wedge is delivered first from

page_text: one group and then from the other into the line. As the successive wedges thus
introduced are tapered in opposite directions, and as the taper is very slight,
the matrices are not thrown out of their parallel positions to any appreciable
extent. If preferred, however, two wedges may be dropped into the line for
each space. In such case, their outer or distant surfaces will be parallel and
the adjacent matrices will consequently remain parallel so that there will be
no deviation of their characters from the verucal. The rocking lever for deli-
vering the wedges into the line will be connected in any suitable manner with
finger-keys 66, commonly designated spacing-keys, so that when either key is
depressed, a space will be delivered. As shown in Figure 13, the shanks or
stems of these finger keys are extended downward and connected directly to
the opposite ends of the lever 6³.
It will be understood that the wedges are inserted, in the first instance, with
their thin ends in the line, as shown in Figure 16, and that they thus remain
until the completion of the composition, after which they are advanced endwise
through the line from opposite directions to effect the justification in a manner
hereinafter explained. The stationary wires 61, on which the outer ends
of the wedges are sustained, are continued, as shown in Figures 12, 12" and 16,
to sustain the wedges as they advance with the line to the casting position,
and they are also turned upward at their right hand ends and carried horizontally
to the left at a higher elevation, as shown at 6*, and this in order that the wedges
carried from the lower ends of the wire with the line may be re-applied to the
wires at their upper ends, as hereinafter explained.
In Figures 2, 3, 10, 11, 12, 16 and 18, I represents a rising and falling table
sustained and guided by a tubular or box-like shank sliding through and
guided by the plates of the main frame. When in its lower and normal posi-
tion, this table forms a continuation of the bed plate c, as in Figures 12 and 16,
so that the composed line of matrices and spacing wedges may be pushed for-
ward from the bed c on to the top of the table, as shown in Figures 3 and 12".
The table I, the width of which is equal to the length of the longest line re-
quired, is provided at its outer edge with a jaw or abutment, by which the
advancing line is arrested and supported. The table is also provided at its
opposite side with a vertically-sliding jaw 3, Figure 12, which rises bohind the
transferred line to confine the same upon the table and determine its length
when the justification occurs.
The composed line is shifted from the bed c to the table I. The plate H,
heretofore mentioned as a yielding resistant to sustain the front of the line
during composition, is lifted by hand from the front and transferred to the rear
of the line, so that it serves as a means of carrying the line forward. The plate H
will be lifted from the front and transferred to the rear by hand, but it is obvious
that suitable operating mechanism could be applied, if desired.
It will be noticed that this plate serves, therefore, the double function of a
resistant to keep the line in close order during the course of composition,
and thereafter, of a transferring device to move the completed line from the bed
to the table. In order to hold the matrix line in compact form while it is
being transferred to the table, and after the plate H has been transferred to
the right end of the line, I provide a second resisting or supporting plate H¹,
see Figures 3, 12, 12ª, 12h etc., carried on one end of the sliding rod h5 acted
upon by a spiral spring hs which tends constantly to urge the plate to the
right. When therefore the plate H' takes its place at the left, it offers a
moderate resistance to the line as the latter is shifted to the left. The eleva-
tion of the jaw 23, behind the line on the table is effected by means of the before
mentioned lever, h³, Figure 12. It will be remembered that this lever is con-
nected through intermediate parts with the plate H, and as the plate completes
its movement in shifting the line, the lever encounters the jaw ³, and car-
ries it upward. It will be understood, however, that any equivalent means
may be employed for raising and lowering the jaw, as these parts are not of

page_text: the essence of the invention and affect the speed rather than the operativeness
of the machine. When elevated, the jaw may be sustained by leaving the
plate H inside of the jaw, so as to maintain the lever H³ in the elevated posi-
tion; or, if said plate is lifted clear of the line, the jaw may be sustained by
friction in its guides, which will be augmented for the time being by the pres-
sure of the expanded matrix line.
As the composed line is moved upon the table, the contained space-bars slide,
as shown in Figure 16, from the ends of the guide wires 6', on to horizontal
ribs, formed on the upper ends of arms L, the lower ends of which are_con-
nected by vertically swinging levers, to the lower part of the table, as shown
in Figure 11, this arrangement permitting the arms L to rise and fall with the
table and also independently of the same to a limited extent. The ribs 7, when
the table is down, form continuations of the wires b³, so that the wedges may
slide freely upon them.
It will be understood that when the wedges are thus transferred to the arms,
they are entirely free from the stationary wires b, b', so that when the table
rises, the matrices and spaces may both be lifted thereon.
Above the table at a considerable elevation above the position in which the
line is composed, is located the mould M, Figure 14, which may be of any suit-
able form, but which in the present instance, consists of a rotary disc or wheel,
having the mould cell, m, extended therethrough from front to back, the wheel
being supported by a shaft m', mounted in suitable bearings in the frame.
After the composed line is secured in place on the table, the latter is lifted
until the matrices and spaces are pressed tightly against the under side of the
mould wheel, and across the mould cell, so as to tightly close the latter on the
under side, and present the selected characters in front thereof, as represented
in Figures 12 and 14, this closing action being essentially the same as in
the numerous previous patents.
When the composed line is lifted and presented to the mould as just described,
it is necessary that the outer elevated ends of the wedges shall be permitted to
fall until they stand in line with the matrices. It is for this reason that the
arms L, Figure 16, are connected to the levers 1, and sustained by the springs,
in order that they may descend and lower the outer ends of the spaces from
their original position shown in Figures 11 and 15, until they rest Hatly upon
the table, as shown in Figure 14.
As the rising table I lifts the upper edges of the matrices and spaces against
the under face of the mould, the spaces are depressed at their outer ends until
they lose their inclined relations to the matrices and stand in line therewith,
the arms L, of course, sinking at the same time. While the spaces are in this
position, as shown in Figure 14, they are moved inward endwise to effect the
justification of the line. After the slug or linotype has been cast, the table is
lowered and is followed by the end of the matrix guide ², until the latter
reaches the sustaining pillar at the right of the main shaft, as shown in Figures 1
and 11. Meantime, and before the table falls away from the guide ', the
arms L sustain the outer ends of the spaces in an elevated relation to the table,
so that the slide or carrier U may ride under the spaces and gain access to the
upper ends of the matrices. At or prior to this time, the aligning blade is
lowered out of the notches in the matrices, which are thus allowed to slide end-
wise until their upper ends are brought into the common line by reason of the
ears on their under sides at the upper ends coming in contact with the blade.
After the engagement of the carrier slide C with the teeth in the upper ends
of the matrices, the aligning blade sinks until it is flush with the table, so that
the matrices may be carried upward thereover to the distributing mechanism.
In order to release the matrices preparatory to their re-alignment, as above
stated, the spaces are withdrawn endwise by the arms L. After the matrices
are removed from the table by slide U, the table sinks to its original and lowest
position.

page_text: When the composed line is presented to the mouid as above described, it is
necessary that the spacing wedges shall be thrust inward until the line is justi-
fied or tightly spaced out to the predetermined length. This action of thrusting
the wedges inward through the line from opposite directions is effected by the
arma L, L, which are connected, (see particularly Figures 14 and 15) by links 78,
to opposite ends of a cross-arm, on a rock-shaft, which is seated in the
table and provided with a weighted lever, which on being released, causes
the arms L, to swing inward toward each other, carrying with them the wedges.
The advance of the arms is controlled and their separation to withdraw the
wedges effected at the proper time, by a rod 7, connected to an angular lever_1®,
one end of which is acted upon by a cam wheel, on the main shaft. The
wedges are preferably advanced to justify the line as the matrices are being
closed against the mould by the rising action of the table, and they are pre-
ferably retracted to release the matrices immediately after the casting action,
as the descent of the table begins, but the time of these movements may be
changed so long as they do not interfere with the other actions of the machine.
The rising and falling movements of the table are effected at the proper times
by a lever, pivotted to the main frame, and provided with roller or projec-
tion, riding on a suitably shaped cam, on the main shaft Z mounted in
the main frame.
When the composed or assembled line of matrices, having its members hold
in proper longitudinal relation by rib c, is shifted to the table, the relation of
the matrices must be maintained, and this must be continued until the line
has been raised to the mould and the casting oporation completed. For this
purpose, the rising and falling blade is mounted in a slot in the table as shown
in Figures 10, 123, 14, 15, 16, etc. During the assembling of the line, the blade
stands above the table, as shown in Figure 16, forming a continuation of the
fixed rib c on the bed, so that when the completed line is shifted endwise from
the bed to the table, the blade enters the notches in the under edges of the
matrices and prevents them from moving endwise. The blade remains in its
elevated position during the rising movement of the table, during the casting
action, and until the table has descended part way to its original position, to
the level at which the matrices are engaged by the slide or carrier U which
elevates them to the distributor, as will be presently explained.
In order that the rising and falling movement of the table, and of the blade
therein, may be effected by the lever mentioned above, the aligning blade
is attached to a plate 10 mounted in the lower part or standard of the table
and having a limited sliding motion up and down therein. It is to this plate 10
that the end of the lever is connected. Through slots in the table standard
a fixed cross-bar is extended, its outer ends being held by arms connected
to the main bed plate, as shown in Figure 1. When the table is down in posi-
tion to receive the matrix line, as shown in Figures 10 and 11, the plate 210
rests on and is sustained by the bar 0, so that the aligning blade is held above
the table surface in position to engage the matrices.
The links or levers are mounted on pivots in the table standard and their
inner ends engage the plate. Acting under the influence of the springs F,
they tend to depress the plate 10 and thereby draw the aligning blade down
within the table. As the table completes its ascent to the casting position,
the spacing wedges B, at their outer or elevated ends, encounter the under side
of the mould wheel, as indicated in dotted lines in Figure 11, so that as the
table continues to rise, the wedges are caused to swing down into the matrix
line, into the plane of the matrices, as shown in Figure 14 and 14. The spaces
thus sinking into the line carry down, or more strictly speaking hold down
their actuating arms L and the outer ends of their links or levers in relation
to the table, the levers for a time ceasing their influence on the plate 10, 8
shown in Figure 14.

page_text: As the table falls away from the mould wheel after the casting action, the
springs through the levers and arms L, again raise the outer ends of the
spaces above the table, and above the level of the matrices, as shown by dotted
lines in Figure 15, the levers at the same time and by the same motion drawing
the plate and aligning blade down until the blade leaves the notches in the
under side of the matrices. This releases the matrices so that they may slide
downward on the table until the ears or shoulders on the under side, at their
upper ends, encounter the blade ", which at this time is still projecting slightly
above the table. The matrices being thus arrested in their sliding motion,
have their upper ends brought. into a common line in order that they may be
engaged by the distributor lifter or slide U presently to be described, before
the plate disappears within the table.
It will be perceived that the sinking motion of the blade is caused by the
springs acting through levers, and that the latter are in turn controlled
through their arms L and the spaces B bearing against the mould M. As the
table sinks away from the mould, with the matrices, the arms L for the time
being remain at rest, so far as vertical motion is concerned, and so long as the
outer ends of the spaces bear against the mould. The levers are in the mean-
while sinking at their inner ends with the table. It follows that these inner
ends will lower the slide and its aligning blade in relation to the table.
It is to be noted that although the lever i actuated by cam operates through
the plate to raise and lower the blade and the table, the motion of the blade
within the table is modified or controlled in part by the levers l', actuated at
one time by the springs, and held at another time by the opposing arms L
and the spaces thereon bearing against the mould. The parts are so timed and
proportioned that the matrices are released and permitted to re-align them-
selves and the carrier U is permitted to engage them before the blade sinks
wholly within the table, and that after such engagement, the blade completely
disappears so that the matrices may be carried over it toward the distributor.
In order that the spacing wedges may not prevent the rising action of the
aligning blade, they should be made of less width vertically than the matrices,
so that they may rest upon the aligning blade, which will support them in
contact with the mould, as shown in detail in Figure 1.4º.
As an equivalent or additional means for bringing the matrices into a common
line before they are engaged by the carrier U, a flange, 25 is extended across
the lower edge of the table I, as shown in Figures 3, 10, 11, 14, 14ª, 15, 16
and 18, rising slightly above the surface of the table, so that when the matrices
are released by the descent of the blade, they will all slide downward until
their lower ends encounter the flange, which will cause their upper ends to
stand in line, so that their teeth may be engaged by the teeth of the carrier U.
This flange, forms, when the table is down, a continuation of flange d
extending across the lower end of the bed D, and serving to limit the descent
of the matrices and to prevent their accidental escape from the machine.
'
While the mould is closed on the under side by the matrices and spaces, it
must be filled with molten metal in order to form the linotype. This is effected
by means of a melting pot N, Figure 14, hinged on a horizontal pivot, at its
lower outer side to the main frame as shown in Figures 10, 11, and 14, that it
may swing to and from the top of the mould, and heated by any suitable burner, nª,
so that a large supply of molten metal may be maintained therein. The pot
is provided with a mouth adapted to fit over and close the upper or rear side of
the mould cell, and is provided with a delivery orifice ¹, communicating with
an internal pump, so that by the operation of the pump, the molten metal
may be forcibly delivered into the mould cell, in which it solidifies and forms
a bar or linotype bearing on its edge in relief the characters presented by the
matrices which are for the time being in front of the mould.
After the casting operation is finished and the matrices removed from the

page_text: mould, as hereinafter explained, the mould wheel makes a partial revolution
and presents the linotype in front of the sliding-ejector blade R, Figure 11,
which is then forced downward by a cam 7, so as to drive the linotype before it
out of the mould, the rotation of the mould wheel and the movement of the
ejector occur alternately, as in the linotype machine now in general use, the
intermitting rotation of the mould being effected by an ordinary stop-motion
pinion mounted on an ordinary mould shaft and engaging an ordinary
mutilated or speed motion gear m on the upper end of the main shaft Z, as
shown in Figures 1, 10, 14 and 15, and in, the diagram 14b adjacent to Figure 14.
This gear is not in itself an essential part of the present invention, as it is
well known in the art, and is similar in construction and operation to that now
used for driving the mould wheel in the commercial linotypo machines in which
the wheel is rotated and the ejector reciprocated alternately. Motion may be
communicated to the machine from any source, through any ordinary means
known to the mechanic, for example, a pulley on the lower end of the main
shaft Z, as shown in Figures 10, 11, 15, etc., this feature forming no part of the
invention.
The mould may be rotated, the melting-pot moved to and from the same, and
the pump actuated by devices of any suitable character, as these parts are not
of the essence of the invention. I recommend, however, the swinging of the
pot to and from the mould by means of a rod n, (see Figures 1 and 10) lifted
by a spring n', and depressed at suitable times by a lever n, acted upon by
a projection n on the guide i, of the table, so that as the table rises to present
the matrices to the under side of the mould, it acts to swing the pot against the
upper side of the mould. The pump plunger is operated by a lever nº, Figure 14,
depressed by a cam 10, and elevated by a spring ", as shown in Figure 14.
After the casting operation is completed, it is necessary to distribute the
matrices and spaces, returning the former to the upper ends of the magazine
and restoring the latter to their sustaining wires. This is effected in the manner
following:-
A slide U, Figure 3, having its lower end provided with teeth u, to engage
within the upper toothed ends of the matrices, is arranged to slide upward and
downward in the pivotted guide ', so arranged that when the guide completes
its downward movement, its teeth will enter and engage the entire line of mat-
rices, so that on again moving upward, the slide will carry with it through the
guide u, all the matrices to the distributing devices at the top of the machine,
leaving the space-bars behind. In order that the toothed end of the slide may
pass beneath the ends of the spacing wedges so as to enter the notches in the
matrices, the end of the guide u is permitted a limited rising and falling
motion, its end overlapping the table so as to be lifted thereby, as shown in
Figure 14. The upper end of the guide is sustained as shown in Figure 1,
by a horizontal pivot attached to an outreaching arm of the main frame C.
Before the slide U descends to engage the matrices, the table falls and lowers
the end of the guide until it rests on the sustaining post as indicated by the
dotted lines in Figure 14, and in full lines in Figures 1, 11 and 15, thus carry-
ing the notched ends of the matrices below the outer ends of the wedges which
at this time are still sustained at their higher elevation by the arms L. It is
at this stage that the blade releases the matrices so that they are re-aligned,
and then sinks into the table so that the slide U may carry the matrices upward
without obstruction.
As the slide U passes down to engage the matrices, it will lift out of the way
the overlying inclined spaces.
In order that the teeth on the slide may engage the matrices, the slide is
divided horizontally at its lower end and its two parts united, as in Figure 8,
by a hinge pin, and urged apart by an intermediate spring, u, so that when the
slide is moved downward, its lower end may close together and permit its

page_text: i
bevelled teeth to pass over and engage the teeth of the matrices. The slide U
may be moved upward and downward in any suitable manner, but I recommend
the employment of the cord u, winding on a drum 5, the shaft of which car-
ries a driving pinion, actuated by a rack-bar u, attached to an angular
lever 8, Figure 10, which is in turn pivotted to the main frame and acted upon
by the cam-wheel 7. The slide is provided with anti-friction rollers in order
that it may descend the guide by gravity.
When the slide engages and removes the line of matrices, the spacing wedges
are left behind, their outer ends being held and sustained by the ribs 1, Figure 16,
on the upper ends of the arms L, which, it will be remembered, were lifted
with the table. In this intermediate elevated position, the ribs /, stand for the
time being in alignment with the wires 6, before referred to, as shown by
dotted lines in Figures 12, 12, and 16. The spacing wedges while in this
position are acted upon by two hooked arms V, (see Figures 2, 12, 12" and 19),
by which they are drawn to the right off the ends of the ribs i, and thence
along the stationary wires 6, until they reach the downwardly-turned portions
of the latter, when they descend by gravity and are added to the series resting
on the wires, as plainly shown in Figures 12, 12ª and 16, to be again intro-
duced in their order into another line. During this return of the wedges from
the higher level and toward their original positions, their inner ends travel
over the horizontal plate, shown in. section in Figures 11, 12 and 13, whereby
the wedges are prevented from falling and coming in contact with those below.
It will be observed that each spacing wedge has, first, a falling motion into
the line second, a lateral motion with the line: third, a rising motion with
the line fourth, an endwise motion to effect justification, and fifth, a lateral
and falling motion to the starting point. It is to be noted also that each spac-
ing wedge pursues a circulatory course through the machine, passing along the
wire 6 to the rib 1, and from the latter to the upper end of the wire 6, and
along the latter to the starting point.
"",
The hooked arms V for restoring the spaces are attached to an arm
Figure 19, on an upright rock-shaft, having a second arm 3, acted on by
a spring, which moves the hooked arms forward, and by a cam 4, which
draws the arms rearward. When the matrices lifted by the slide U, reach the
upper ond of the guide u', they are transferred laterally and successively to a
distributor-rail W, Figure 12, extending horizontally over the upper ends of
the magazine channels, this rail being constructed with longitudinal permuted
teeth. Screws X, lying along the sides of this rail and suitably rotated, advance
the matrices along the rail from which they are suspended by their teeth until
they reach points directly over their respective channels when their teeth dis-
engage from the rail and they pass into the magazine by gravity. The distri-
butor rail, the feed screws, and the devices for delivering the matrices success-
ively to the rail and the screws may be in all respects identical with the cor-
responding parts in Letters Patent No. 14582, 16th September 1890. The
matrix line is transferred laterally from the lifting slide or carrier toward
the distributor rail, as shown in Figure 2, by the slide 10 connected to lever ull,
which is pivoted to the main frame and moved in one direction by cam a on
the main shaft, and in the other direction by spring, this arrangement being
almost identical with that in earlier machines."
The operation of the machine is as follows:-The finger keys representing
the required characters are depressed in the order in which the characters are
to appear. Each key operates the escapement to release from the magazine a
matrix containing a corresponding character and, at the same time, projects
the appropriate stop slide, F. The matrix descending from the magazine en-
counters the stop, and is arrested with the designated character in line with
those in the composed line. As soon as the matrix is stopped, the pusher g,
forces it laterally against the line and pushes the line bodily forward against

page_text: the resistant H, to leave room for the admission of the next matrix
which is added in like manner. After the composition of each word, the spac-
ing key is operated, lifting the end of one of the spaces B over the detaining
lip b, so that it may fall behind the line, to which it is added by the pusher in
the same manner that the matrices are added. The introduction of matrices
then continues until the next space is required and so on repeatedly until the
composition of the line is completed, after which the plate H is transferred
to the rear end of the line and then carried forward, pushing the line before
it from the bed to the table, at the same time causing the outer ends of the
spaces which are in the line to slide off the wires b', on to the ribs . The jaw ³,
is then lifted so as to confine the line upon the table between it and the oppo-
aite jaw, after which the table is lifted bodily until the composed line is pre-
sented tightly against the face of the mould and the aligning bar 29, elevated to
hold the matrices in position. The arms L are then carried inward to advance
the spacing-wedges through the line and complete the justification, and at or
about the same time, the mould is closed on the back by the advance of the
melting-pot and the pump actuated to fill the mould and form the linotype.
The table is then partly lowered by the rotation of cam, the pot separated
from the mould, by the release of lever n8, Figure 10, and the lifting action of
spring n', the mould partly rotated, and the ejector operated to deliver the
linotype. The slide U, controlled by lever us and cam, now descends, and
engaging the matrices, previously released and re-aligned through the descent
of blade, carries them upward to the distributor through which they are
returned to the magazine. The spacing wedges which remain behind supported
by the ribs, are engaged by the hooked armis V, and carried laterally from
the ribs to the wires 6, and along the latter until they are in position to
descend to the starting point, after which the table continues its descent to its
first position, flush with the assembling bed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
vention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is: -
1. In a composing mechanism, groups of matrices those in each group bearing
each a different series of characters, in combination with a magazine or holder
for the assorted matrices, an escapement for each group to release the matrices
one at a time, a number of finger-keys connected with each escapement
so that either one may release the same matrix, a guide by which
all the released matrices are delivered successively at al common point,
a series of stop devices to arrest the descending matrices at distinct
points, that one or another of the characters may be brought into action, and
connections from each stop device to a finger-key for each escapement; whereby
each finger-key is enabled to release a matrix bearing a given character, and
also to stop the matrix in position to present the particular character desired
in the line, considered in respect of the described and illustrated details of the
respective mechanisms.
2. In a composing mechanism, a series of matrices each containing a number
of characters at different points in its length, in combination with magazines
or holders for the assorted matrices, a guide whereby the matrices are directed
from the magazine one after another in any desired order to the end. of the
line being composed, a series of finger-keys representing the individual char-
acters, and devices connected with each key to release a matrix bearing the
corresponding character and to check the matrix in position to present its
designated character in the line, as described and illustrated.
3. In combination with the matrices, and a composing mechanism for deliver-
ing them one after another to the end of the line under composition, the spaces,
the guides whereon they slide, means for sustaining them normally above the

page_text: level of the matrix line, and mechanisms for dropping the spaces at one end
edgewise into the line.
4. In combination with the matrices and a composing mechanism whereby.
the matrices are delivered one after another at the end of the line and advanced
therewith, wedge-shaped spaces, guides whereon the spaces slide at their thicker
ends as the line advances, means for supporting the thin ends of the spaces
above the line in course of composition, and means for dropping them one at
a time into the line; whereby the line may be composed of matrices and inter
mediate врасев.
3
5. In combination with matrices and a composing mechanism for, assembling
them in line and advancing the line as the composition progresses, two guides
lying on opposite sides of the line, two series of spacing wedges arranged to
slide at their thicker ends on the respective guides, and means for sustaining
the inner ends of the wedges and dropping them successively into the line as
demanded.
"
6. In combination with a series of matrices and mechanism to assemble them
in line, two series of oppositely tapered spacing wedges, means for introducing
said wedges into the line, and means for advancing the wedges in opposite
directions through the line to effect its justification.
+1
7. In combination with a -shaped guide and spacing wedges movable there-
over, means for transferring the wedges from one end of the guide across the
intervening space to the other end; whereby the spaces are permitted to follow
a circulatory course.
8. In combination with the bed and a composing mechanism to assemble
the matrices thereon, the spacing wedges and mechanism to insert them in the
line, the rising and falling table, means for shifting the assembled line thereto,
guides movable with the table to control the wedges, and a mould to which
the composed line is presented by the table.
9. In combination with the matrices, their composing mechanism, the spac-
ing wedges, their guides, means for delivering the wedges into the line,, the
rising and falling table, shifting mechanism to transfer the composed line to
the table, devices to advance the wedges endwise in the line, the mould and
the melting-pot and its delivering mechanism; whereby the spaces and matrices
are assembled and presented to the mould.
10. In combination with matrix-composing mechanism, the wedges, the
>-shaped wedge guides, the rising and falling table, the mould, the matrix
distributor, the slide to carry the assembled matrices from the table to the dis-
tributor, and means to return the wedges to the upper ends of their guides.
11. In combination with the rising and falling table to sustain the composed
line of matrices and spaces, the arms L, to engage the spaces arranged to rise
and fall and to move to and from each other, whereby they are adapted to cause
the justifying action of the wedges..
12. In a machine of the class described, the spacing wedges and the hay ed
guides whereon they slide, in combination with the arms L, arranged to register
with the two ends of the guides alternately; whereby the spaces may be.removed
from the guides at one end and returned to the opposite end.
13. In combination with the matrices toothed at one end, a table or support.
whereon they are assembled in line, a distributor and magazine remote from.
the table, and a carrier arranged to reciprocate between the table and the dis-
tributor and having teeth which automatically engage the teeth of the matrices
by advancing toward their ends.
14. In a linotype machine, a series of matrices provided with teeth in com-.
bination with a carrier block U having a compressible toothed end to engage.
the matrix teeth.
15. In combination with the toothed carrier U, to remove the matrices there-
from, the rising and falling table, the spacing wedges, and the wedge guides L,.

page_text: having a rising and falling motion in relation to the table, whereby the ends
of the wedges are raised above the ends of the matrices in order that the car-
rier U may engage the latter.
"
1000
CHAS. S. WOODROFFE,
Fel. Ch. Inst. P.A., 188, Fleet Street, E.C., Agent for the Applicant.