CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREPARING TO BE ENGRAVED OR TURNED SUCH COPPER OR OTHER METAL CYLINDERS OR ROLLERS AS ARE TO BE USED FOR PRINTING OR EMBOSSING OR CALLENDERING CALICO OR OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1844

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
LOCKETT, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engraver, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twelfth day of December, in the eighth year of Her reign, and
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-four, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Joseph
Lockett, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege and authority, that
I, the said Joseph Lockett, my exors, admors, and assigns, and such others
as I, the said Joseph Lockett, my exors, admors, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the
term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within England and Wales and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,
my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREPARING TO BE
ENGRAVED OR TURNED SUCH COPPER OR OTHER METAL CYLINDERS OR ROLLERS AS
ARE TO BE USED FOR PRINTING OR EMBOSSING OR CALLENDERING CALICO OR OTHER
FABRICS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the
said Joseph Lockett, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to be enrolled in Her Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by
the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Joseph Lockett, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention to consist
in improvements in apparatus for making the opening which extends through
a copper or other metal cylinder or roller correspond in size and form with the
external surface of the maundril which has to be introduced into it, and on
which it has to work, and for producing the requisite uniformity in the texture
or density of the metal, and also for making a cylinder or roller so nearly
uniform throughout in diameter from its external surface on one side to that
on the other that when it is turned to be engraved for writing or for other
purposes a small and light portion only of the metal on the external surface
requires to be removed compared with the portion that has to be turned for
similar purposes off cylinders or rollers prepared in the ordinary manner. The
apparatus in use prior to my Invention to prepare cylinders or rollers for the
purposes I have already described consisted in a fixed swage or anvil, with a
concave opening on its surface, in which the cylinder or roller was placed, to be
struck by hammers wielded by men. My improvements in apparatus for pre-
paring copper or other metal rollers consist in so constructing it that it may
be worked by steam or other power, and that the anvil, which is made in the
form of a cylinder, and which revolves, has the copper or other metal cylinder
or roller parallel to and resting its whole length upon the upper surface of the
anvil, which is inade so long as to allow of the cylinder or roller being tra-
versed a short distance on its surface if required. A series of hammers, or
weights which act as hammers, are placed over the copper cylinder and in a
line with it, so that they can be elevated, and allowed, by their falling on the
cylinder, to strike or hammer it; these hammers are raised by a series of cams
or other mechanical media. Both the hammers and the cams are made to
traverse a short distance sideway if required. The cams may be so placed as
to raise the hammers in any succession, but I place them so that the first can
raises the first hammer a short time before the second raises the second ham-
mer, and so on in succession to the last, which raises the last hammer, and
these cams liberate the hammers in the same succession in which they raised
them, and allow them to fall upon the copper cylinder or roller on its surface.
The cams are so arranged in the apparatus that during the operation of the
machine they can be made to raise the hammers to a greater or less succes-
sively uniform height, or to a greater or less successively varying height,
according as the cylinder in its preparation may require more or less hammering
throughout, or more hammering on one side than on the other; and there is also
a provision in the apparatus for stopping any one or other of the hammers while
the rest are in operation, according as the cylinder may have been sufficiently

page_text: pliance with the said proviso, I, the said Joseph Lockett, do hereby describe
the manner in which my said Invention is to be performed by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings annexed, and to the
figures and letters marked thereon; that is to say
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
In Sheet 1, Figure 1 represents a front elevation of apparatus, with one
modification of my improvements attached thereto. Figure 2 is a plan of the
same machine. Figure 3 is an end view of the machine, shewn partly in
section. Figure 4 is a view of part of the opposite end of the machine shewn
in Figure 3. Figure 5 is a detached view of that part of the apparatus which
gives the traverse motion to the hammer shaft, the cam shaft, and the stop
lever shaft. Figure 6 is a side view of one of the hammers suspended by a
chain and hook.
In Figures 1, 2, and 4, a represents the main driving shaft, on which
a set of pullies is fixed for driving and for regulating the speed of the
machine. represents a spur pinion fixed on the shaft a, which takes into and
drives the wheel c, which is keyed on the short shaft d. A slow rotatory
motion is given to the cylinder or roller e, which answers the same purpose as
an anvil, by means of the worm f keyed on the shaft d, the worm wheel h, see
Figures 2 and 4, driven by the worm f, the shaft i, and the pair of bevil
wheels k, the larger of which is keyed upon the axis of the roller anvil e. The
copper or other metal cylinder or roller to be prepared for engraving or turning
is placed upon the roller e, and is carried round by its friction with that roller,
and is thereby continually changing the surface presented to the action of the
hammers. The hammers are lifted up or tilted by means of a series of
cams m keyed upon the shaft n, and this shaft is made to revolve by the
wheel c' taking into a wheel o, shewn in Figure 3, keyed on the end of the
shaft n.
The cams in act in regular succession upon the flat projections .p of
the hammer handle sockets, as seen also in Figure 3, and thereby elevate the
hammers to a certain height, at which they liberate them and allow them to
fall. The cam shaft n revolys in the bearings q, see Figures 1 and 2; and
these bearings can be slidden backwards or forwards in slots made in the main
frames by turning the handles of the two screws r, one of which takes into a
nut projecting from each of the bearings 9, see Figure 5, in which one of the
rods is shewn. When the cam shaft n is in the position shewn in the
Drawing, and nearest to the hammer shaft 8, the cams m will elevate the
hammers to their greatest height; and in propertion as the distance between

page_text: the shafts m and s is increased the elevation of the hammer will be diminished.
It is sometimes found necessary to suspend the action of some of the hammers
for a short time. When that is the case the stop levert must be brought into
the position shewn in dotted lines in Figure 8, when its upper extremity will
arrest the downward motion of the hammer by coming in contact with another
projection n attached to each of the hammer handle sockets. For that
purpose the stop lever t is brought into the necessary position by depressing the
double lever u, which is in communication with the lever t by the rod w.
There is a rail wx, reaching from one main frame to the other, against which
the projecting notches of the rods w abut in both positions of the stop levers t.
The mandril X, which passes through the roller Z to be hammered, must be
gradually advanced or thrust further into the opening through the roller during
the action of the hammers. This may either be effected by hand by the man
who attends to the machine, or it may be done by the machine itself, as shown
in the Drawing. v, see Figure 2, represents a strong screw passing through a
standard x, firmly connected to the main framing by means of two wrought-
iron connecting stays 1 and 2, as seen in the Drawing; * is the nut in which
the screw works. This nut turns freely in a hole made in the standard &;
it is provided with a shoulder on one side of the standard, and on the other
side it projects through it far enough to allow the worm wheel y to be keyed
upon it, which forms a shoulder on the other side. The worm Z, see Figure 4,
is keyed on the shaft A, which receives its motion from the main driving shaft a
by means of the bevil wheels B. The screw is prevented from turning round
by the linked rod C, see Figure 1, the lower end of which is fixed to a bracket
made fast to the floor. In proportion as the worm wheel y and nut a* revolve
they will cause the screw to advance in the direction of the arrow
drawn in Figure 2, and thereby thrust or push the mandril X gradually, and
regularly further into the roller Z under operation. Between the end of the
mandril X and the end of the screw is a strong bar D, which rests
loosely on the bearings 3 and 4, which bearings rest loosely on the stays 1 and
When it is necessary to alter the longitudinal position of the roller during
the process of being hammered, horseshoe-shaped washers E, see Figures
1 and 2, placed loose on the mandril between the roller ends and the main
frame, must be removed. The position of the roller can then be altered so as
to change the position of the surface subjected to the blows of the hammers,
and other washers of the requisite thickness must be substituted, so as to keep
the roller in the altered position. The length of the roller under operation will
determine the thickness of the washers required. When the mandril X,
which is slightly conical, has been sufficiently introduced through the roller so
2.

page_text: as to make the internal opening of the required size, the linked rod C must
be disconnected by removing the pin 5 which passes through it, and the
screw v can then be turned back by hand so as to bring it in the position
required for introducing the mandril into a fresh roller. In Figures 1, 2, and 4,
6 is a lever to be moved by hand, 7 is a click, and 8 a ratchet wheel, into
which the click takes, and by which it can be turned round; the ratchet
wheel 8 is keyed on to the shaft A, by which the worm z and worm wheel y
are turned, and thereby forces forward the mandril X by the screw vand
bar D. The bevil wheels B are thrown out of gear when the mandril is thus
forced forward by hand. The hammers receive their lateral motion by means
of the following nechanism:-The short shaft d is provided with a second
worm F, see Figure 1, which takes into a worm wheel G, at the extremity of
whose axis is a crank H. There are two levers I, the lower extremities of which
are connected together by the rod K, and their upper extremities act upon the
ends of the hammer shaft. These levers I receive a vibrating motion from
the crank H by the connecting link L, shewn in Figure 1 and 2. The cam
shaft n has also a lateral motion, but much less than the hammer shaft, in order
that the cams m may always be in the requisite positions opposite to the pro-
jections p. This lateral motion is given by the lever M, seen best in Figure 5,
which is made to vibrate by a pin fixed into the end of one of the levers I.
At the upper extremity of the lever M is a small roller (see Figure 2), which
takes into a groove 9, made in a circular piece keyed on to the end of the
cam shaft n. The shaft 10, upon which the stop levers t vibrate, has also a
lateral motion for the same purpose as that described with reference to the
cam shaft n; this lateral motion is also given by the crank H and connecting
link L, which cause the short lever N to vibrate on a fulcrum attached to the
main frame. To the upper end of the lever N a link is connected by a pin,
and this link takes on to a stud projecting from the stop lever shaft 10, see
Figure 1, which traverses a short distance laterally, and with it all the stop
levers t. The shaft on which the double levers u hinge has no lateral motion;
it is, therefore, necessary to make the joints of the rods w quite loose, so that
they do not bind when the stop levers t. move sideways. The bearings of the
revolving anvil e may be raised or lowered in slots made in the main frames by
means of the adjusting screws O, for the purpose of keeping the upper surface
of rollers of different diameters to the same line to be struck by the hammers.
In Figure 6 P represents a rail, which is placed over the hammers, and is
supported by brackets cast with the main frames. To the rail P are attached
as many short chains with hooks at their ends as there are hammers; and
when the action of any of the hammers is to be suspended the hook of the

page_text: chain is passed under the hammer handle, and holds it up as seen in the
Drawing. By this arrangement the stop levers t, the double levers u, and the
rods w, may be dispensed with.
In Sheet 2, Figure 1-is a front elevation of apparatus, with another modi-
fication of my improvements attached thereto. Figure 2 is a plan of the same.
Figure 3 is an end elevation. Figure 4 is another end elevation. Figure 5
represents in three different views one of the weights or hammers to be ele-
vated by a cam. Figure 6 represents in two views another weight or hammer
to be elevated by a rack and pinion. Figure 7 represents in two views the
lever which communicates the traverse motion to the cam shaft. a represents
the main driving shaft. 6 is a worm keyed on the shaft a, and driving the
worm wheel c, keyed on the shaft d, see Figures 2 and 4, at the end of which
is a bevel pinion working into a bevel wheel keyed on the axis of the revolving
auvile. The cam shaft n is turned round by a strap passing under the pulley f
fixed on the main shaft a, and over the pulley g, fast on the cam shaft n. The
hammers h are elevated by the row of cams m, which act on the under side
of a piece k fixed by two set nuts to the upper part of each of the hammers,
seen best in Figures 3 and 5. The cam shaft n works in the bearings q,
which can be sliden backwards and forwards in slots made in the main frames;
the bearings q are moved sideways by the screws taken into screw nuts
projecting from the bearings q; at the ends of the screws r are two pair of small
bevel wheels t, which are made to revolve by turning the handle o fixed to the
end of the shaft p, the bevel wheels t, and the upright shaft, seen clearly in
Figur. The elevation of the hammers may he varied by increasing or
diminishing the distance between the cam shaft n and the hammers, as
described in the apparatus shewn in Sheet 1. A lateral or traverse motion
is given to the hammers h by the following mechanism :-A worm F, see
Figure 2, is fast upon the cam shaft n, and takes into a worm wheel G, see
Figures 1 and 4, at the extremity of whose axis is a crank H, the crank pin
of which takes into a rod L, and the other end of this rod hinges on the pin
of one of the bell-crank levers M. The upper pair of bell-crank levers act
upon the projecting ends of the bar N, which is provided with openings to
admit each of the hammers, by which consequently they must traverse from
side to side with the bar N. The lower ends of the hammers are each of
them also passed through a bar O, which receives a lateral motion simulta-
neously with the bar N above by means of the four bell-cranked levers M.
The four bell-crank levers are connected by the horizontal rod P, and the two
vertical rods Q. When the action of any of the hammers is to be suspended
the stop levert must be brought into the position required to catch the under

page_text: side of the piece k when the hammer is at its greatest elevation. The stop
levert is held in that position by the hook on the rod w catching the under
side of the rail R. The cam shaft n receives its traverse motion from the
bar L, one of the link pins of which takes into the lever S, thereby causing it
to traverse. The connection between the lever S and shaft n is effected by
means of a roller which is loose on a pin fixed to the lever S, and which takes
into a slot 2 in the circular piece keyed on the shaft n. The mandril X is forced
into the copper or other metal roller Z under operation by the same mechanism
as that described with reference to Sheet 1. When the hammer is elevated
by a rack and pinion, as shewn in Figure 6, the elevation may be varied to a
great extent by having some of the teeth in both rack and pinion loose.
When the hammer is to be elevated to a great height the greatest number of
teeth are fixed in the rack and pinion, and when a less elevation is sufficient
some of the teeth are removed, thereby regulating the force of the blow.
Having now described the manner in which my said Invention is or may be
performed, I hereby claim the following improvements, that is to say :-
Constructing the anvil of apparatus to prepare copper or other metal rollers,
for the purposes before described, of a cylindrical form, so that the whole of
the cylinder or roller to be prepared will rest upon the anvil, and in combining
with such apparatus a series of hammers, cams, stop rods, and suspension
chains, and their mode of acting as herein-before described; but I do not
claim as my Invention any of the parts separately which I have shown.
In witness whereof, 1, the said Joseph Lockett, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Eleventh day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-five.