matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN GLOVE FASTENERS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hubert Alfred Done at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th March 1874.
I, HUBERT ALFRED DONE, of Aston, near Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Draughtsman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GLOVE FASTENERS," to be as
follows:
My Invention consists of the improvements in glove fasteners herein-
after described, by which improvements gloves may be readily fastened
and unfastened without risk of the injury to the glove, which frequently
arises when the button or ordinary fastener is used.
My improvements consist in constructing and arranging the parts of
glove fasteners in the following manner:-In the thumb side of that
portion of the glove which is worn upon the wrist I make a small hole
or opening, by preference with parallel sides, or of nearly an elliptical
figure, in which opening I insert and fix a metallic eyelet of like figure.
On the other side of the glove and opposite the said eyclet I fix, by
sewing or otherwise, a small metal plate, the edge of which has a turned

page_text: up tongue, constituting a hook or catch. I take a band of leather or
other flexible material having in it a scries of equidistant holes or
perforations extending through the whole or greater part of its length.
One end of the said band is provided with a tassel, or ring, or other
enlarged termination. The free end of the band is passed through the 5
cycletted hole in the thumb side of the glove, and is connected to the
opposite side of the glove either by being sewn to the glove at the same
time as the hook or catch plate or otherwise.
My Invention is used as follows:-After the glove has been put on,
the tassel or ring end of the flexible band is taken hold of and pulled in 1
the direction of the hook or catch until the glove has been tightened
to the required degree upon the wrist. The tassel or ring end of the
band is then depressed upon the hook or catch and slightly relaxed,
when the said hook or catch engages in one of the holes of the band and
thereby secures the said band and fastens the glove.
In order to unfasten the glove it is only necessary to pull the tassel
end of the band sufficiently to detach it from the hook or catch, and
then slightly lift it when the wrist part of the glove is free to open to its
full extent, and the glove may be removed.
In place of the cyeletted hole in the thumb side of the glove an eye 2
somewhat similar to the eye of the ordinary hook and eye, but of an
elliptical instead of a circular figure, may be employed. This may be
attached by sewing, and does not require any hole to be made in the
glove; and instead of making the band of leather or other flexible
material with equidistant perforations the band may be made of silk or a
other fibrous material by a braiding or weaving process, the middle-
portion being sufficiently open in texture to permit of the hook or catch
on the glove engaging in it..
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY SIGNALLING APPARATUS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Henry Cowins at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th May 1874.
I, RICHARD HENRY COWINS, of Bishopwearmouth, in the County of
Durham, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY SIGNALLING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to counteract the effect of heat and
cold on the rods or wires that connect the signal posts to the signal
cabins, so that when the wires or rods become expanded or contracted no
effect would be shewn on the arms of the signal post, whereas according
to the present mode of working, the signals are often left (owing to the
above causes) in a position difficult to determine the intention of the
signal man. For instance the arm intended to be placed at "danger"
would by the expansion of the wire assume the false position No. 2, that
is, it would not be pulled up into the horizontal position which indicates
"danger."

page_text: The contraction of the wire on the contrary may make the arm rise
from No. 3, which indicates "caution" to No. 2, or even above that
position, and thus leave the observer to believe that "danger" is
indicated. To overcome this difficulty men have hitherto been sent to
tighten or slacken the wires as necessity requires, and to avoid this extra
work is the aim of the present Invention. The method of effecting this
object is by means of a three-armed lever, one arm (a¹) being attached
to the vertical rod that works the signal arm which when at "all right"
is hidden by the post, and the other two arms, a² and a³, are acted upon
by a vertical bar which passes through guides, and withstands the
pressure of the arm (a²), thereby keeping it fixed in position until the
bar (on being shifted downwards from the signal cabin) causes a slot in
the bar to arrive at a certain position, when the bar striking on the other
arm (a³) presses that down and raises the arm (a¹) and with it the signal
arm. The arm (a³) is kept in position in like manner to the former by
travelling on the face of the vertical bar after another slot has passed
the radius of the arm. A weight is suspended from one end of the
vertical bar for the purpose of working the return of the bar to its first
position of "all right," and also to allow of the expansion and contraction
of the wire, according to the temperature of the weather.
As a modification of the above the arms (a² and a³) may be worked by
means of adjustable cleats, the arrangement in every other respect being.
similar to the foregoing. The movement of the vertical bar (due to the
inclemency of the weather) has no effect on the arms in either case, the
bar is at liberty to be moved up or down to a certain extent without
playing on the arms.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE METHODS OF AND IN APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING THE SLIDES OF STEAM ENGINES AND OTHER MACHINERY, AND FOR FILTERING THE LUBRICANT EMPLOYED
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Henry Oclee and
James Woodcock at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 21st May 1874.
We, FREDERICK HENRY OCLEE, of Swinton, in the County of
Lancaster, and JAMES WOODCOCK, of Dukinfield, in the County of
Chester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE METHODS OF AND IN APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING THE SLIDES
OF STEAM ENGINES AND OTHER MACHINERY, AND FOR FILTERING THE LUBRICANT
EMPLOYED," to be as follows:
Our Invention relates to the slides or slide bars of steam engines, and
to the slides of planing machines, and to slides or surfaces upon which
moving bodies slide in other machinery. Taking for example the case
of a horizontal steam engine, the slide blocks of such an engine move to
and fro on slides, that is to say, on planed metal surfaces, and it is of
great importance that such surfaces shall be well lubricated.
Previously to our said Invention recesses to contain oil have been
formed at each end of each slide, but this arrangement has not
thoroughly lubricated the central parts of the said slides, which parts

page_text: sustain about the greatest amount of pressure. To remedy this defect
we employ pumping apparatus to deliver oil or lubricant at or near the
central part of the slide, or at any other desired part of the slide.
In an arrangement which we now consider to be suitable the oil is
conveyed from the recesses at the ends of the slides to a cistern, and is
withdrawn from the said cistern at intervals by means of a small force
pump which is actuated by the cross head or sliding block of the engine
as it moves to and fro, or is otherwise actuated by any suitable moving
part of the engine, and the oil so withdrawn is conveyed by a pipe or
passage to a recess formed at about the centre of the slide. We prefer
to filter the oil before readmitting it to the slide, and the said force
pump furnishes means for effecting such filtering. The oil may be
forced by the action of the said pump through a suitable filtering
medium, such, for example, as wire gauze, felt, sponge, certain descrip-
tions of leather, or of combinations of such materials or substances, and
the filtered oil be conveyed to the slide.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AN ARTIFICIAL FUEL FROM SEWAGE DEPOSITS, NIGHT SOIL, AND OTHER DRY AND MOIST MANURIAL MATTERS MIXED WITH OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gustav Alsing at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th May
1874.
I, GUSTAV ALSING, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF AN ARTIFICIAL FUEL FROM SEWAGE DEPOSITS, NIGHT SOIL, AND
OTHER DRY AND MOIST MANURIAL MATTERS MIXED WITH OTHER MATERIALS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists in utilizing sewage deposits, night soil, and
other dry and moist manurial matters by manufacturing it into a fuel,
which I intend to call anti-coal and fire-light. To accomplish this and
for producing an artificial fucl I mix with the said sewage deposits
nightsoil and other dry and moist manurial matters, about three times
its weight of ground or crushed coke, or coke cinders, or coal cinders and
ashes; one-third its weight of peat or peat clay, charcoal, or any other
pure or mixed charcoal; about three times its weight of peat; about
twice its weight of sawdust, horse dung, or other offalls of a carbonaceous
nature; or I use more or less of each of these materials, according to the
quality and quantity of the sewage deposits, night soil, or other dry and

page_text: '
moist manurial matters. I can also mix with the sewage deposits night
soil and other dry and moist manurial matters, mineral and other oils,
resin, tar, pitch, asphalt, greese, naptha, and other inflamable materials,
as also lime, chalk, fullers' carth, loam, mud, spent bark, and coal
reduced to powder, dryed vegetable matters, dyewood (granulated) and
other carbonaceous materials. The material which I mix with the said
sewage deposits, night soil, or other dry and moist manurial matters,
road dirt are first ground together, or each by themselves by means of a
common mestarmill, rollers, disintegrator, or suitable machinery, and
then mixed with or without water in a pug mill, or brick machine, or
other suitable machinery or by hand; by which said machinery or by
band they are moulded into blocks or cakes of any convenient form or
size, after which they are allowed to dry either by natural air or by
artificial heat or other means.
Although I have in the above stated several proportions in which I
propose to mix the named materials with the said sewage deposits, night
soil, or other dry or moist manurial matters, still I do not confine myself
to any proportions or to any special one of the above-named materials
for a mixture. ·
AN IMPROVED CALL BELL
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Paul Raoul de Faucheux d'Humy
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 27th August 1874.
I, PAUL RAOUL DE FAUCHEUX D'HUMY, of 36, Castle Street, Holborn,
in the City of London, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of tho said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CALL
BELL," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a class of instruments known as call or signal
bells, such as are used in offices for the purpose of summoning officials
when their attendance is required, and may be used as a means of-
signalling generally, that is, either for the before-named purpose or for..
conveying or giving signals at a distant point through a connecting
galvanic or electric wire or other convenient device, and suitable
apparatus as now employed in telegraphic signalling.
.
The Invention consists in the adaptation of a convolute coil of
metallic wire (similar to that used for the striking part of some clocks)
of a tone suitable for the intended purpose.

page_text: To produce sound the convolute coil is struck by a hammer or other
suitable device, which is moved by the finger of the operator (as in
ordinary call bells).
The sound or note produced by the instrument may be prolonged,
checked, or varied, as may be desired, by applying a movable regulator,
a sound box, and a damper.
The instrument may also be made to indicate the temperation of the
surrounding atmosphere by applying to one end of the coil of wire a
pointer which shall note the clongation or contraction of the wire (on
a fixed scale) in a manner similar to the index of a pyrometer.
By the before-named combinations useful instruments may be
economically produced for the purposes herein set forth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GASALIERS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Harrington at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
June 1874.
I, JOHN HARRINGTON, of Ryde, Isle of Wight, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GASALIERS,”
to be as follows :-
•
The Invention relates to improvements in gasaliers, and has for its
object a novel combination and arrangement of parts whereby I am
enabled to dispense with both hydraulic and telescopic slides, and yet
permit of the ready adjustment in height of the gasalier, whilst I make
it at the same time elegant, strong, and gas-tight. For this purpose I
dispense with the tubes ordinary employed in gasaliers having hydraulic
or telescopic slides, and suspend from the union in the roof or ceiling a
tube, on or near the upper part of which are fixed the pulleys ordinarily
employed. This tube so far as height is concerned is a fixture, and as it
is exposed to view it is lacquered or otherwise ornamented. At the
lower part of this tube is fixed a small chamber from which branch a
number of short pipes according to the number of branches. in the

page_text: gasalier. To the lower end of the first-mentioned tube are jointed links
or connecting rods, which are also jointed to the moving part of the
gasalier, thus forming a kind of parallel motion.
The before-mentioned short tubes are connected to tubes rising from
the branch tubes of the gasalier by flexible tubes preferably formed of
leather, suitably treated to make it gas-tight and supported, on its inside
by a metal coil, whilst the outside is covered with wire coiled around it
to give it the appearance of a metallic tube, and yet permit of easy
motion thereto.
The moving part of the gasalier is supported by chains passing over
the pulleys preferably to a central weight. By these means the height
of the gasalier can be readily regulated, but in case of the chains
breaking the gasalier would not fall, but the weight thereof would be
borne by the links forming the parallel motion, thereby preventing any
strain coming upon the flexible connections.
If desired the flexible connections above-mentioned may be dispensed
with and the links may be formed of tubing, in which case I prefer to
connect the tubes together by rule joints to form the parallel motion,
but the passage therethrough I continue from one to the other by short
pieces of flexible tubing.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF GUARD OR WATCH CHAINS AND OTHER LIKE ORNAMENTAL CHAINS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Henry Molo at tho
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th October 1874.
I, JAMES HENRY MOLE, trading as Manton and Mole, of Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, Goldsmith, do hereby declaré the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF GUARD OR WATCH CHAINS AND OTHER LIKE ORNAMENTAL CHAINS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention has reference to the manufacture of that kind of guard
or watch chain commonly called the "secret link chain." The said
secret link chain as ordinarily made consists of links formed from
trough shaped or hollow half round wire, that is from wire the edges of
which are turned into a plane nearly at right angles to the bottom or
base. In connecting together these trough shaped or hollow links an
inner link of thin flat wire is placed inside each trough or outer link
before its joint is soldered, the said inner links giving additional strength
to the chain. When the said thin inner links of the compound links are
worn through the chain loses its close, compact appearance by the

page_text: lengthening of the outer links, that is, by the increased distance between
adjacent links.
In making guard or watch and other like chains according to my
Invention I dispense with the flat inner link, and in place thereof I use
on the inner side of each link made from trough shaped or hollow half-
round wire as before described a peg or bearing piece, the said peg or
bearing piece projecting within the link a little beyond the edges of the
said link and being a little broader than the link. The inner edge of
the peg or bearing piece is curved. The peg or bearing piece is placed
in and soldered to the joint of one link after it has been linked to another
link. When the links provided with pegs or bearing pieces are linked
together the peg or bearing piece of one link enters the trough or hollow
of the next link of the chain which takes its bearing on the said peg.
As the curved figure of the peg or bearing piece coincides with the
curvature of the trough or hollow of the link there is little or no tendency
in the links to become distorted when pressure is put on the chain.
The links are maintained in their proper relative positions by the pegs
or bearing pieces, and as the said pegs or bearing picces are very strong
and solid to the links, the chain wears much longer and presents a
better appearance than the ordinary secret link chain made as herein
first described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REMOVING DIRT FROM BOOTS, SHOES, AND GOLOSHES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Osborn Spong at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
May 1874.
I, JAMES OSBORN SPONG, of 28, King William Street, Strand, in the
County of Middlesex, Domestic Machine Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR REMOVING DIRT FROM BOOTS, SHOES, AND GOLOSHES," to be as follows:
-
The object of the Invention is to effect the more easy removel of dirt
from boots, shoes, and goloshes.
According to my Invention in place of one continuous blade or bar
the cleansing surface is made up of a series of loose rocking surfaces
supported on a common axis. Each of these rocking pieces is formed at
one end of a lever or arm, the other end of which is enlarged so as to
form a weight thereto adapted to cause each surface readily to follow any
irregularity on the under or side surfaces of the boot, shoe, or golosh.
The weighted ends of the rocking pieces in rising upon pressure of the
foot to the cleansing ends are brought up to and bear against the boot,
shoe, or golosh. These loose rocking pieces follow the contour of the

page_text: bottom of the boot, shoe, or golosh, and reach parts untouched by
ordinary straight or rigid scrapers, as well as scrape the sides of the sole
without reaching to so as to injure the leather of the upper, and they
are prevented from turning too far on their spindle or axis by a rod or
which may be covered with india-rubber or other soft substance in t
order to deaden the noise of the parts coming against it.
bar,
ordinary scraper.
In place of weighted ends to the loose rocking pieces spring pressure.
may be employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LACE IN TWIST LACE MACHINES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Scott and George
Trueman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 27th May 1874.
We, ROBERT SCOTT and GEORGE TRUEMAN, both of No. 5, Russell
Street Mills, Nottingham, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LACE IN TWIST LACE
MACHINES," to be as follows:
The object of this Invention is to produce more perfectly than
heretofore a lace with a muslin ground ornamented with thick threads
on the face.
"
We work in such a manner that in place of clipping off the thick
threads from the face of the fabric (when they are not required by the
pattern), we are able to lay the thick threads out of sight at the back of
the fabric. Thus we avoid disfiguring the face of the fabric with loose
ends, which are always visible on a clipped fabric, we produce a fabric
which is much more durable and useful than a clipped fabric, and we
save the labour and expense of the clipping operation.
We arrange the threads in the machine in the following manner:-The
ground warp threads for the most part are carried by bars, which stand

page_text: behind the bars which carry the thick ornamenting threads, but certain
of the ground warp threads we place in a bar or bars in front of the thick
ornamenting threads or in front of some of them, that is to say, wherever
in the pattern a thick ornamenting thread is required to pass to the back
of the fabric on this wale, we provide that the ground warp thread which
works between the two adjacent pillars shall be carried by a warp bar
standing in front of the warp bar carrying the thick ornamenting thread,
which it is desired to hide. Then in the working of the machine,
whenever the thick ornamenting thread is required to pass to the back
of the fabric, it is brought to a wale so prepared for it, in which a ground
warp thread standing in front of it works and connects the two adjacent
pillars, and so long as it is kept standing in this gate it will lic on the
back of the fabric and be hidden from sight, but as soon as it is traversed.
to another gate it appears on the face of the fabric.
.
For some patterns it is necessary to arrange the front ground, warp
threads or the "covering warp threads as we call them in several bars,
and to arrange the thick ornamenting threads also in several bars
intermediate of the front ground bars, so that some of the thick
ornamenting threads may be able to pass on the front of the fabric over
wales which hide other of the thick threads, but in simpler patterns
this will not be necessary.
If there be any openwork in the pattern, the effect of which is
interfered with by any of the thick threads at the back, such threads
may be clipped off, and still there will be no appearance of clipping on
the face of the fabric.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN SHIRT FRONTS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Figgins Stephens at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th January 1874.
I, JOHN FIGGINS STEPHENS, of Pilton, near Barnstaple, in the County
of Devon, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN SHIRT FRONTS," to be as follows:-
Shirt "fronts" as generally used when separate from the shirt require
to be very carefully secured by pinning or otherwise to the shirt or
other garment over which they are applied in order to keep them in
proper relative position, and even then they are liable to become loose
so as to indicate that they are not complete shirts.
The object of the Invention is to remedy this evil. For this purpose
the side portions of the “front” are extended so as to pass round to the
back of the arms, with or without a yoke piece at the shoulders, so
that such parts may fit and be capable of holding close to the body
of the wearer as a complete shirt, and thereby keep the "front"
correctly in position.

page_text: The parts at the arms may be adjustable by buttons and button holes,
hooks and eyes, lacing, elastic, or otherwise if desired.
The collar band of the "front" may be formed with or without a
collar attached, as is usual, and the "front" may be formed to open at
the front of it or by the collar band at the back.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SIMULTANEOUS CLEANSING OF WOOLS FROM GREASE, AND FROM BURRS AND SEEDS, THE SAME BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER SUBSTANCES REQUIRING SIMILAR TREATMENT
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Godefroy Sirtaine at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
September 1874.
I, GODEFROY SIRTAINE, of Verviers, in the Kingdom of Belgium,
Industriel, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SIMULTANEOUS CLEANSING OF WOOLS FROM GREASE, AND
FROM BURRS AND SEEDS, THE SAME BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER SUBSTANCES
REQUIRING SIMILAR TREATMENT," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the substitution of dry hydrochloric acid
gas at a proper temperature and pressure (such as will be understood by
persons conversant with similar operations) for the jet or current of
common steam hitherto used for getting rid of the residue of sulphide
of carbon employed in the cleansing of wools and other substances from
grease, and in subsequently passing through the wool or other substance

page_text: under treatment from which the sulphide of carbon has been driven by
the gas, a current of warm air, by which means the disintegration of the
vegetable matters contained in the wool or other substance is effected,
and at the same time the wool or other substance is also cleansed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDS EMPLOYED IN THE PREPARATION OF FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUCH CARDS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Firth Crosland at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th December 1874.
I, ROBERT FIRTH CROSLAND, of Cleckheaton, in the County of York,
Card Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDS EMPLOYED IN THE PREPARATION OF FIBROUS
MATERIALS, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUCH CARDS,"
to be as follows :-
My Invention relates to the cards which are the subject of a Patent
granted to Thomas Edward Yates and others, and dated April the
Twenty-sixth, in the year One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three,
of which said Patentees I am a licensee. In the manufacture of the
said cards the wire employed is flattened at intervals, the portions of
each staple which act upon the fibrous materials being alone flattened.
I have found that the increase in width of the wire caused by the
operation of flattening has the effect of distending the punctures in the
leather or other material in which the said staples are fixed so that the
staples are not held in such material with sufficient firmness, and also
that the edges of the flattened portions of the staple are not so smooth

page_text: or regular as I consider to be desirable. To remedy these defects I so
form the flattening dies as that the breadth or greatest diameter of the
flattened part shall not exceed the diameter of the wire employed, or
shall not exceed such diameter to so great an extent as in the case of
the cards previously made, and I also so form the said dies as that the
entire of the flattened portion including the edges shall be formed or
shaped entirely or to the greatest extent practically possible by the said
dies.
I prefer to impart a cross sectional form to the wire other than that
produced by flat surfaced dies, such for example as oval, or triangular, ]
plano-convex, or other forms, being combinations of curves or of curves
and planes, the dies being suitably grooved or formed. The dies are
caused to compress and confine the metal as much as possible in all
directions excepting in the direction of its length.
The said dies may be actuated by any suitable mechanism, but I 1
prefer to employ a lever acted upon by a tappet on the driving shaft to
press upon or to act upon the die or dies at the required intervals.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHIC ALBUMS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edward Hammond at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th May 1874.
I, JOHN EDWARD HAMMOND, of 16, Noel Street, Soho, St. James, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHIC ALBUMS," to be as follows:-
:-
My improvement in the construction of albums for photograplis,
consists in making an indented space or hollow the size of the photo-
graph in the leaf of the album, so that the picture may be dropped
exactly in the space it bas to occupy. It is retained in its place by
means of a frame which surrounds it, allowing the picture to be seen, and
which frame is secured by a fastening at the side or end which can be
easily undone so as to permit the picture to be removed.
By the frame in question protection is afforded to the surface of raised
or embossed photographs, a class of pictures which from the convexity
of their surfaces, could not hitherto be placed in an album without
being crushed or damaged when the book was closed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING Rooms
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Driscol at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
September 1874.
I, CHARLES DRISCOLL, of Hendon, Master of Arts, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING
Rooms," to be as follows:-
One of the most common modes of ventilating rooms in dwelling
houses is to open the windows, which however causes a direct draught
or current of air to descend on the inmates which frequently gives them
cold.
Now my Invention consists of the use of an expanding wooden frame
of about 3 inches in width, and which may be lengthened or shortened
to suit the width of the casement. The bottom sash being raised to about
3 inches, this frame is placed in the aperture between the raised sash
and the window sill or frame, and the effect is that air can only enter
from between the two sashes, and no direct draught or current of air
impinges on the inmates of the room. I construct this ventilating
frame in two pieces, one having a rabbet or groove therein, and the

page_text: other a tongue sliding therein, so as to permit of its being expanded
& contracted to suit the width of the window, and the outer ends or
surfaces of this frame are covered with vulcanised india-rubber or other
suitable elastic or semi-elastic material so as to fit nicely in between the
two surfaces.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN CONNECTION THEREWITH
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Bell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd November
1874.
I, ANDREW BELL, of Haslingden, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer
and Ironfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED
IN CONNECTION THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to apparatus employed in the generation of steam,
and principally to the class of steam boilers having internal furnace
flues, but may also be applicable wholly or in part to externally fired
boilers, the object of my Invention being to promote economy in the
consumption of fuel in the furnaces of such boilers. To this end 1
mount a spiral tube or pipe herein-after termed a coil, within the portion
of the flue through which the heated gases flow from the furnace bridge
to the end of the boiler, or partly within the said portion of the flue, and
I cause the feed water to flow through the said coil before entering the
boiler.

page_text: together, in such a manner as that the feed water shall flow through
both or all of the said coils. The coil may be made of wrought iron or
other suitable metal, but I prefer to employ a cast-iron coil, and to
produce such coil by connecting together a number of curved pipes in
the same or in a similar manner as when making the spiral pipes or coils
for my patent "economiser." I prefer to provide the coil or each set of
coils with a safety valve, and in the arrangement which I consider to be
suitable I so arrange the connecting pipes and so provide such pipes
with cocks or valves as that water may be caused to flow through the
coil or coils before entering the boiler, or to flow directly into the boiler
without entering the said coil or coils, as may be desired, and that
whenever considered to be desirable a passage may be opened for the
discharge of sediment from within the coil or coils, and I also so form the
back pressure valve as that it can be kept open during the night time or
whenever required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES FOR RAILWAY Trains
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Thomas Green and
Charles Wetherill Price at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 2nd January 1874.
We, HENRY THOMAS GREEN and CHARLES WETHERILL PRICE, both
of the City and County of Bristol, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES FOR RAILWAY Trains,” to
be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to afford efficient brake power for
railways, capable of being applied with facility to all the carriages
composing the train.
The Invention primarily consists in suspending from the carriage
frames, preferably between the wheels thereof and on each side of the
carriages, certain blocks or skids, which are linked or so connected to
the bars from which they are suspended that when the brake power is
off these blocks or skids are kept just clear of the rails, but when it is
necessary to apply the brake power all or one of the ends of the blocks
are depressed simultaneously and caused to press on the rails, and by
being dragged along the same to thus retard the progress of the train.
We do not consider it necessary to skid the wheels of the carriages as

page_text: well, but of course the ordinary arrangements for skidding the wheels
may be used in combination with our improved blocks or skids.
A convenient manner of carrying the Invention into effect is as
follows:-We have a shaft running from end to end of the under side of
the carriage supported in convenient bearings where required. The
end of each shaft carries a coupling, which we find convenient should
slide on the shaft. Each coupling is provided with a sort of clutch box,
so that when the two couplings are brought together, that is, when one
carriage is brought against the other and coupled up in the ordinary way
one clutch box takes into the other, and the two adjoining shafts are
thus coupled together, so that when motion is communicated to one
a corresponding motion is transmitted to the other, consequently all
railway carriages fitted with shafts and couplings as aforesaid when
placed together have a communicating shaft from end to end of the
train. Springs placed behind the couplings keep the clutches from
becoming disengaged after connection has been made.
Each shaft has a powerful screw, preferably at or about the centre
thereof, carrying a nut block, which is placed in connection with the
blocks or skids by strong bell-crank or other levers, so that by com-
municating rotary motion to the horizontal shafts throughout the train
(if the whole train is fitted up, or so far as it may be) the nut block is
caused to travel along its screw and to depress (through the levers in
connection with same as aforesaid) the blocks or skids on the rails.
The skids may be single or double, so as in the latter case to have
one end or the other in action, according to the direction in which the
train is travelling.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SHUTTLES EMPLOYED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED WITH THE Manufacture thEREOF, WHICH APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE SMOOTHING AND POLISHING OF VENEERS AND OTHER WOODS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Wright at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
December 1874.
I, CHARLES WRIGHT, Shuttle Maker, of Bradford, in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SHUTTLES EMPLOYED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING AND IN THE MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS CONNECTED WITH THE Manufacture thEREOF, WHICH APPARATUS IS ALSO
APPLICABLE TO THE SMOOTHING AND POLISHING OF VENEERS AND OTHER WOODS," to
be as follows, that is to say: -
My Invention relates to a mechanical arrangement whereby the peg
of the shuttle is brought to the centre when the bobbin is placed on the
peg, and causing the peg to press in a direct line preventing the splitting
of the shuttle; also in an apparatus for smoothing and polishing the
shuttle, doing away with the present hand labour and the use of a scraper
and file, producing better work with a great saving, which apparatus
be employed for smoothing and polishing veneers and other
wood.

page_text: For bringing the peg to the centre and preventing the splitting of the
shuttle I employ two pins fitted in the sides of the shuttlc on which
the lock strikes and rests when the peg is brought to its position in the
shuttle opening.
For smoothing the shuttles I employ two or more rollers or wheels
which receive a quick rotary motion; these rollers or wheels are covered
on the surface with a lining of india-rubber, and over the india-rubber I
fix sand or glass paper; the india-rubber acts as a buffer. The rollers or
wheels are fitted on shafts working in bearings fixed to a frame; these
shafts are actuated by pullies worked by straps; on the frame and near
the top of the rollers or wheels I fit a guard having openings, through
which pass the tops of the rollers or wheels; on the plate in which these
openings are made the shuttles are placed and passed over the revolving
rollers or wheels by. the operator, giving a smoothing; under the rollers
or wheels I fit brushes for keeping the surfaces free from the dust of the
wood.
For polishing I remove the rollers or wheels and fit on others covered
with india-rubber and lasting instead of the sand or glass paper, or I use
another machine of similar construction to the one for smoothing- with
rollers or wheels covered with lasting. By these means I produce
shuttles smoothed and polished, superior to those by hand labour and
with a great saving, doing away with scraping and filing.
For smoothing and polishing veneers or wood I use a similar apparatus
having broad rollers or wheels, and made with a double frame, the guard
is bolted between the frames.
IMPROVEMENTS IN NAVIGABLE BALLOONS, APPLICABLE ALSO AS A MECHANICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL Tox
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Powley Alexander at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 21st November 1874. — A communication from abroad by
Stanislas Ludovic Brion, of Paris, France.
-
I, EDWIN POWLEY ALEXANDER, of 14, Southampton Buildings, in
the County of Middlesex, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
NAVIGABLE BALLOONS, APPLICABLE ALSO AS A MECHANICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL Tox,"
a communication to me from abroad by Stanislas Ludovic Brion, of Paris,
France, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
desired course
gas balloon, which is capable of being directed in any
through the air, and of ascending and descending at pleasure.
The improved balloon differs from all others which have been hereto.
fore proposed, inasmuch as it presents a propelling surface to the air in
lieu of a mere inert body, which is inflated with gas and is composed of
silk or cotton coated with caoutchouc, and varnished with impermeable
varnish. It is of the form of a double cone, being pointed at the front
Price

page_text: and rear ends, where it is joined to a central longitudinal axis which
rotates in bearings in a light framing herein-after referred to. The
valves are situate at each extremity of the balloon. Round the exterior
surface of this balloon there are disposed a number of inclined or
helicoidal wings or blades, which constitute propellers when a rotary
motion is imparted to the balloon through the agency of driving belts,
- shafts, and pullies, or other suitable means driven from the car by hand,
steam, or other power. By this system there is imparted to the balloon
the propelling power of the helix, and to the helix the lightness and
buoyancy of the balloon.
The car is oblong, being shaped somewhat like a boat, and is suspended
from the central axis of the balloon by metal or other light frames,
carrying a steering rudder. This car is furnished with a screw propeller
of its own, which may be rotated either independently or together with
the balloon.
One or more balloons may be combined with one car if desired.
This improved balloon may not only be employed for navigating the
air for military, commercial, or other purposes, but when constructed
of reduced dimensions will serve as a mechanical and philosophical toy
for the instruction and amusement of children.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wilson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th May
1874.
I, JOHN WILSON, of Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:
This Invention relates to improvements in steam boilers having for its
object the use and employment of water way tubes connected with a
pendant water bore or casing, so constructed and arranged as to assure
increased heating surface and provide ready access to the tubes for
clearing the same.
When applying this Invention to the class of boiler known as
"Cornish boiler, at a convenient distance beyond the bridge is a
water casing communicating with the upper water space of the boiler.
Connected to this water casing are a series of water tubes or pipes,

page_text: arranged in the arc of a circle and extending longitudinally over the fire
to the front of the boiler, where their terminations or ends are screwed
and closed by a plate forming a portion of the front flue of the boiler, so
that on removal of this plate free access can be obtained for a brush or
scraper for purpose of cleaning the said water pipes or tubes.
A NEW OR IMPROVED POTTERS' OR EARTHENWARE PRINTERS' STOVE OR HOT PLATE, AND METHod of Heating the same
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Harlow at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
February 1874.
I, BENJAMIN HARLOW, of Macclesfield, in the County of Chester, Iron-
founder and Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW OR IMPROVED POTTERS' OR EARTHENWARE PRINTERS' STOVE OR HOT
PLATE, AND METHod of Heating the same,” to be as follows :-
This Invention relates to the construction of a novel form of stove or
hot plate, to be employed for heating the colour used with the engraved
copper plates in printing upon china and earthenware, and also to a
novel method of heating the same, the heating of such colour and plates
having hitherto been performed by means of a fluc from a stove or fire-
place, which has consequently been difficult to control and to keep to a
regular temperature.
Now this Invention consists of a cast or wrought iron casing,
surrounded by an outer jacket, except at the top, which is flat and is
planed or otherwise faced to a smooth surface, to receive the colour and
plates which are placed upon it; the jacketing being filled with felt or

page_text: other bad conducting material to prevent the radiation of heat. Owing
to the top of the casing being of a flat form I prefer to construct it with
internal stays cast or secured to the bottom plate, and thus I strengthen
the casing to withstand the internal pressure. Into this casing, which is
by preference supported on a cast-iron column, I introduce steam or
hot water under pressure by which means I heat the top plate to the
required temperature, and thus form a potters' stove or hot plate capable
of regulation in temperature to the greatest nicety.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF VENTILATING SEWERS, SHAFTS, AND STACKS, AND CONSUMING, DESTROYING, DISINFECTING; OR DEODORIZING THE VAPOUR OR SEWER Gas ARISING FROM SEWERS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Harding, of Temple Gate, in the City of
Bristol, Paint Manufacturer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF VENTILATING SEWERS, SHAFTS, AND STACKS, AND CONSUMING,
DESTROYING, DISINFECTING; OR DEODORIZING THE VAPOUR OR SEWER Gas
ARISING FROM SEWERS."
Sealed the 12th January 1875, and dated the 9th November 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Harding at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 9th November 1874.
I, THOMAS HARDING, of Temple Gate, in the City of Bristol, Paint
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED METHOD OF VENTILATING SEWERS, SHAFTS, AND STACKS, AND
CONSUMING, DESTROYING, DISINFECTING, OR DEODORIZING THE VAPOUR OR SEWER
GAS ARISING FROM SEWERS," to be as follows:-
=
A ball or other conductor composed of fire-clay, lime, metal, or other
material to be placed over the orifice of a metal, clay, or other pipe,

page_text: tube, shaft, or stack for the purpose of conducting vapour or sewer gas
into gas flame, fire, or heat, in order that such vapour or sewer gas may
be thereby consumed, destroyed, disinfected or deodorized. A ring of
gas jets or other burners to be placed round the said pipe, tube, or shaft,
or stack, either inside or outside of the same, in such a position as to {
heat the said ball or other conductor, so that the flame arising from the
said jets or burners, and the heat generated thereby and reflected by
the said ball or other conductor may consume, destroy, disinfect, or
deodorize the said vapour or sewer gas as aforesaid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING THE REVOLUTIONS OF STEAM ENGINE OR OTHER SHAFTS OR REVOLVING SURFACES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Henry Ierson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st June 1874.
I, FRANK HENRY IERSON, of No. 16, Rodney Street, Pentonville, in
the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING THE
REVOLUTIONS OF STEAM ENGINE OR OTHER SHAFTS OR REVOLVING SURFACES," to be
as follows:-
According to my Invention I employ an air pump or a combination
of them for greater uniformity of action, worked by the steam engine or
other motive power to force air into an air chamber or reservoir provided
with a comparatively small aperture for the escape of the air forced into
it; and also with one or more other passages to conduct the air to a
pressure indicator or indicators. The aperture for the escape of the
air from the receiving chamber will be small as compared with the area
or quantity of supply in order that there may be an accumulation and
consequent increase of pressure of air in this chamber or reservoir in

page_text: proportion to the speed of the shaft or other rotating surface, the
rotations of which are to be indicated. One indicator may be placed in
the engine room and the other at a distance, as on the deck of a vessel,
so that the indications may be observed not only where the power is
being exerted but at a distance therefrom.
I form the dials of the pressure guages with two concentric scales,
one to indicate pressure, the other the number of revolutions of the
shaft or surface to be indicated; and supposing the indicator connected
to a steadily revolving shaft running at the rate of twenty revolutions
per minute, and the pressure attained in the air chamber to be twelve
pounds, and at thirty revolutions eighteen pounds, it will be seen that
the pressure attained will be relative to the number of the revolutions,
and that therefore whilst the one scale will indicate the pressure of air
in the air chamber the other will indicate the number of revolutions of
the shaft or other revolving surface at any instant.