IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND MACHINERY FOR MAKING HOES,
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Nathan Brand, of Ilion, in the County of Herkimer,
and State of New York, in the United States of America, for the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND MACHINERY FOR MAKING HOES,
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Nathan Brand at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Declaration, on
the 5th June 1866, pursuant to the 9th Section of the Patent Law
Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, NATHAN
BRAND, of Ilion, Herkimer County, in the State of New York, in the United
States of America, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MODE OF AND MACHINERY FOR MAKING HOES, TROWELS, AND OTHER SIMILAR
INSTRUMENTS," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and have
made solemn declaration that I am the true and first Inventor thereof.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Nathan Brand, do hereby declare that
the following Complete Specification, under my hand and seal, fully describes

page_text: and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed in and by the following statement, reference being
had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon (that is to say):
:-
This Invention relates to a machine for plating hoes, trowels, and other
similar articles (having a shank or tang) by a new process, that is, by rolling
the metal in different directions to form or plate it, instead of hammering.
Prior to my Invention what are termed "goose-neck" hoes with shanks
formed of the same piece of metal with the hoe plate were made by plating
the blanks with a hammer requiring the metal from which the hoc is plated
to be repeatedly reheated, occupying much time and a large consumption of
coal and metal. To overcome these disadvantages and to save labor, coal,
and metal, I devised a machine with vibrating reciprocating dies or rollers to
plate the hoe from the blank by rolling it in different directions with rollers
having scores in them to leave the shank and plate about the shank of the
proper form, that is, thicker about the shank than in the other part of the
plate, which is rolled as thin as required.
In the accompanying Drawings Figure 1 is a plan of the machine for
rolling hoe blanks; Figure 2 is an elevation of one side; and Figure 3 of
the left hand end.
In these Drawings A, A, are side sills connected by the bars B, B, making
a strong frame in which the standards C, C, are fastened a proper distance
apart to receive the boxes D, D, for the journals of the rollers E, E', which
may be made in the form shown in the Drawings. The roller E is provided
with a crank F connected by the link G to the crank H on the shaft I, which
turns in boxes fastened to the sills A, A, and may be provided with a pulley
or gear to turn it and vibrate the rollers E, E', with a reciprocating motion,
said rollers being connected at the end opposite to the crank by the gears J, J,
to move their surfaces in unison when they are operated. The crank F is
one-fourth longer than the crank H, or so proportioned that one revolution
of H will turn the rollers one-third the way around and back again. The
four standards C, C, C, C, are connected at the top by the bar K, which is
firmly fastened to them. To force the roller E' down on the boe blank after
it is put between the rollers I make female screws in the bar K right over
the boxes D, D, and fit the male screws L, L, to turn in the bar K. The
gears M, M, are fastened to the screws L, L, and connected to each other by
the stud gear N, which turns on the stud P in the bar K shown in Figs. 1
and 3. The crank or lever Qis fastened to the gear M to enable the workman
to turn the screws L, L, with one hand and close tho rollers or dies on the hoo

page_text: blank while he holds it between the rollers or dies with the other hand. The
rollers or dies which are first applied to the hoe blank project beyond the
standards C, C, at the left hand in Fig. 3, and the roller E has a longitudinal
groove or score R in it parallel with its axis, in which score the extension of
the shank on to the hoe plate is formed as the blank is elongated by these
rollers at a right angle to its shank. Opposite to the score R there are two
prongs fastened in the end of the crank F forming the forked guide S, in
which the shank of the hoe blank is placed when the blank is put between
the rollers. The faced dies T, T, are arranged on the rollers centrally between
the standards to roll the hoe blank and elongate it parallel with the shank,
and the lower die T has a groove or score V in it circumferentially to form
the extension of the shank on the hoc plate. There are grooves a, a, in the
standards C for the ends of the bar 6 to traverse in, which bar 6 is connected by
the links d, d, to the eyes f,f, in the roller E', so that when the roller is rocked
the bar b is traversed to correspond very nearly with the motion of the surface of
the roller, and carries the notched guide c with it, in which the shank of the hoe
blank is placed when it is rolled by the dies T, T, to elongate it parallel with
the shank and spread the blank to make a plate as thin and as large as may
be required. The hoe blank, Fig. 4, may be prepared in the usual manner of
preparing blanks with shanks of the same piece of metal and properly heated
and placed between the ends of the rollers with the shank in the forked
guide S with one hand, and held there and rolled while the other hand seizes
the crank Q and turns the screws L, L, and closes the rollers on the blank,
and when it has been sufficiently elongated at a right angle to its shank, as
shown in Fig. 5, and while it is still hot the screws are turned back and the
blank taken out and placed between the dies T, T, with the shank in the
notched guide c, and held there while the screws L, L, are turned and the
blank rolled and elongated parallel with the shank to make it as large and as
thin as required, when it may be taken to the shears and cut the size and
form required, as shown in Fig. 6. The dies are filed off about or around the
scores R and V to make the plate of the hoe gradually thicker and stiffer as
it approaches the shank. I contemplate that a lever may be hinged to the
forked guide S and also to the traversing guide c to clamp the shanks of the
blanks in the guides, and that there may be a score in the upper die or roller,
and that this machine may be used to plate trowels and other articles. The
advantages of this machine for plating hoes over trip hammers may be
enumerated as follows:-Two men with my machine and two fires can plato
as many hoes in a day as twelve men, six trip hammers, and six fires, and my
machine only requires as much power as one trip hammer; therefore the

page_text: labor of ten men, the coal for, four fires, and the power required for five trip
hammers are saved, and, the hoes plated by the machine are finished with
one-third of the labor required to finish hoes plated with the hammers; besides,
the rolled bocs are better than the hammered, as the metal is packed and
plated more uniformly; and further, the rolled hoes are made with two
ounces less of metal than the hammered hoes, and steel that will not answer
to make hoes by hammering will make good hoes when rolled with my
machine.
Having described the nature of my Invention and improvements, and the
means of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that I do not
confine myself to the precise details herein given so long as the peculiar
character of the Invention and improvements is retained; but what I claim is
as follows:
First, the reciprocating rolling or vibrating dies E, E', and the reciprocating
rolling or vibrating dies T, T. provided with scores to form the rib or extension
of the shank on to the plate or blank rolled or plated.
Second, I claim, in combination with the rolling dies E, E, and T, T, the
guide S and the traversing guide c for the purposes set forth.
Third, I claim forming or plating hoe or other blanks or plates with shanks
and ribs extending on to the plates by rolling them in different directions at a
right angle to each other, as set forth.
In witness whereof I bave hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth
Witnesses,
JONATHAN MARSHALL,
LUTHER WILSON EMERSON.
NATHAN BRAND. (L.S.)