IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMP BURNERS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Thomas Sugg, of Vincent Works,
Vincent Street, in the City of Westminster, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMP BURNERS."
Sealed the 21st August 1875, and dated the 3rd March 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Thomas Sugg
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 3rd March 1875.
I, WILLIAM THOMAS SUGG, of Vincent Works, Vincent Street, in the
City of Westminster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMP BURNERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the improvement of burners adapted for
burning oil, by preference paraffin or petroleum oils, and consists,—
Firstly. In making the wick holder or the upper part thereof of
porcelain, steatite, glass, or other suitable non-heat conducting material
for the purpose of preventing the heat being transmitted down the
tube and so volatilizing the oil before it arrives at the point of com-
bustion. The same result may be obtained by severing the tubes of the

page_text: wick case, and uniting them by wires, leaving an intervening space
between the upper and lower part of the wick holder, or slots of such
a width may be made in the tubes as to leave but very narrow strips of
metal sufficient to keep the upper and lower part of the wick case at a
suitable distance apart.
Secondly. In so directing and regulating the currents of air admitted
to the burner or flame that the light produced therefrom shall be con-
siderably increased. This effect is produced by surrounding the ordinary
wick holder with a case or gallery, the lower part of which is perforated
in such a manner as to admit of a current of air passing to the burner ]
through the central aperture, while the upper part of the case or gallery
is also perforated, and so arranged that a current of air is induced to rise
on the outside of the wick case, and between it and the cone to the
exterior part of the flame. Attached to the upper part of this case or
gallery is another gallery or glass or chimney holder, so constructed as:
to allow of a third current of air flowing in between the outside of the
cone and the chimney.
It is also proposed for the better distribution and deflection of the
current passing through the central aperture, to insert in the tube or
bottom of it, a cylindrical, hollow, or solid plug.
The regulation of the quantity of air admitted to the burner is
determined by making the perforations, air passages, and plug propor-
tionate to the requirements and size of the burner.
By the adoption of these improvements a given quantity of oil will
produce a greatly increased light owing to the more perfect combustion
of the light giving material.

page_text: of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said William Thomas Sugg, Her
special licence that I, the said William Thomas Sugg, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Thomas Sugg, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMP BURners,” upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Thomas Sugg,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Thomas Sugg, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to
say:
This Invention relates to the improvement of burners adapted for
burning oil, by preference paraffin or petroleum oils, and consists,-
Firstly. In so directing and regulating the currents of air admitted to
the burner or flame that the light produced therefrom shall be con-
siderably increased. This effect is produced by surrounding the ordinary
wick holder with a case, the lower part of which is perforated in such a
manner as to admit of a current of air passing to the burner through
the central aperture, while the upper part of the case is also perforated
and so arranged that a current of air is induced to rise on the outside of
the wick case, and between it and the cone to the exterior part of the
flame. Attached to the upper part of this case is a gallery, or glass or
chimney holder, so constructed as to allow of a third current of air
flowing in between the outside of the cone and the chimney.

page_text: It is also proposed for the better distribution and deflection of the
current passing through the central aperture, to insert in the tube or
bottom of it, a cylindrical, hollow, or solid plug. This plug may be
dispensed with if the central aperture is sufficiently reduced to make its
use unnecessary.
Secondly. In making the wick holder, or the upper part thereof, of
steatite, glass, porcelain, or other suitable non-heat conducting material,
for the purpose of preventing the heat being transmitted down the tube,
and so volatilizing the oil before it arrives at the point of combustion.
Thirdly. With the view of producing the same result, the wick case
may be made with slots of such a width as to leave but very narrow
strips of metal sufficient to keep the upper and lower part of the tubes
at a suitable distance apart, or the tubes may be severed and united by
wires, leaving an intervening space between the upper and lower part of
the wick holder.
Fourthly. In casting all such parts of the burner as will admit of it
in white or soft metal in metallic moulds, so as to ensure uniformity and
lessen the cost of production.
The regulation of the quantity of air admitted to the burner is
determined by making the perforations, air passages, and plug propor-
tionate to the requirements and size of the burner.
In order that the foregoing may be more easily understood, Drawings
are attached hereto of which the following is a description.
Fig. 1 is an elevation of the burner; Fig. 2, a sectional elevation.
Fig. 3, a sectional elevation of part of the wick case showing how the
tubes are connected together by the narrow strips of metal; and Fig. 4
is a sectional elevation of part of the wick case showing the upper part
made of steatite, glass, or porcelain.
In Fig. 2, A is the body of the burner consisting of the outer tube B
and inner tube C, with an entrance for air to the latter at D; E is the
case made of perforated metal, through which air is admitted to the
central tube, the said air being compelled to enter the central tube in
consequence of the communication between the lower and upper cases
being cut off by the flange F, which fits close to the outer tube of the
wick case; Gis the upper case or gallery, also made of perforated metal, a

page_text: and through which air passes to the outside of the flame and between it
and the cone H; I is the gallery or chimney holder, and J the chimney.
The arrangement is such as to admit a current of air entering between
the outside of the cone and chimney; K is a piece of metal inserted
between the two tubes to prevent the twisting or overlapping of the
wick; L is the milled head for turning the notched wheels M, M, by
means of which the wick is raised or lowered; and N, N, N, in Fig. 1,
are three or more wires to retain the glass in its place; 0, 0, 0, also in
Fig. 1, are arms to support a globe when such is used in connection with
the lamp.
In Fig. 3, P, P, represent the narrow strips of metal before referred to.
In Fig. 4 the upper part of the tubes B and C are exhibited as made
of steatite, glass, or porcelain, and the lower part either of brass or of
soft white metal cast around them and into the notches or indentations
shown at Q, Q, to ensure more perfect union.
By the adoption of these improvements an increased light in propor-
tion to the oil consumed will be produced, owing to the more perfect
combustion of the oil.
Having now described and particularly set forth the nature of this
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe in conclusion that I do not confine or restrict
myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have described or
referred to, as variations may be made therefrom without deviating from
the principles or main features of this Invention; but what I consider
to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to
me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,--
Firstly. Surrounding the body of the burner with a perforated case
divided into two portions by the flange F, as herein described and shown
on the Drawings.
Secondly. The gallery I as herein described and shown on the
Drawings.
Thirdly. Constructing the wick cases as herein described and shown
on the Drawings at Fig. 3.
Fourthly. Constructing the upper part of the wick cases of steatite,
glass, or porcelain, as herein described and shown on the Drawings as at
Fig. 4.

page_text: And, Fifthly. Casting the various parts that will admit of it in white
or soft metal in metallic moulds.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Thomas Sugg, have here-
unto set my hand and seal this Twenty-first day of August, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.
WILLIAM T. SUGG. (L.s.)