AN IMPROVED REFRIGERATOR, OR APPARATUS FOR COOLING OR ATTEMPERING LIQUIDS
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Tooth and William Watkin Wynne, of
Burton-on-Trent, in the County of Stafford, Brewers, for the Inven-
tion of "AN IMPROVED REFRIGERATOR, OR APPARATUS FOR COOLING OR
ATTEMPERING LIQUIDS."
Sealed the 20th April 1858, and dated the 20th October 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Tooth and William
Watkin Wynne at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 20th October 1857.
We, CHARLES TOOTH and WILLIAM WATKIN WYNNE, of Burton-on-Trent,
in the County of Stafford, Brewers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED REFRIGERATOR, OR APPARATUS FOR COOLING OR
ATTEMPERING LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
The principal feature of novelty in this Invention consists in imparting
motion to the pipes, or other vehicles or apparatus employed for cooling or
attempering liquids (commonly known and distinguished as refrigerators),
instead of having such said cooling pipes fixed and simply allowing the liquid
which is to be cooled to flow or circulate through or over them. The means
by which this may be. effected are as follows:-
We arrange a series of skeleton frames or fans around a hollow axis or
axes, and to these said frames we fix, in a serpentine direction, an endless
system of pipes, through which passes the liquid to be cooled or attempered.

page_text: The axis or axes of said fan have spur or bevil wheels fixed thereon gearing
into other wheels, driven by any suitable prime mover. We propose to
employ suitable liquids or substances moving through or over said rotating
pipes as may be found desirable. The above-mentioned pipes can be used
either with or without coolers. It is desirable to place the vessel or vessels
in which said pipes are arranged and caused to rotate or otherwise move in
a situation exposed to the atmosphere; said vessel to be provided with a
cover moved by counterbalance weights or otherwise.
On the top of said cover is fixed a tube of suitable size containing a fan or
blower which should be moved very rapidly for the purpose of carrying off the
steam from the liquid contained in the aforesaid vessel. The cooling pipe or
pipes may be in the form of a screw or worm and have rotatory motion
imparted thereto as before stated. And as regards other or straight cooling
pipes, I impart motion thereto in any desired direction, my Invention
.consisting solely in imparting motion to pipes or other cooling vehicles instead
of allowing them to remain dormant as heretofore practised.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Tooth and William Watkin Wynne in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 20th April 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, CHARLES
TOOTH and WILLIAM WATKIN WYNNE, of Burton-on-Trent, in the County of
Stafford, Brewers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Charles Tooth and William Watkin Wynne, Her special licence that
we, the said Charles Tooth and William Watkin Wynne, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Charles Tooth and
William Watkin Wynne, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time, and at all times
thereafter, during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN
IMPROVED REFRIGERATOR, OR APPARATUS FOR COOLING OR ATTEMPERING LIQUIDS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Charles Tooth and

page_text: William Watkin Wynne, our executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under our or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal
of one of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Charles Tooth and William Watkin
Wynne, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:
This Invention refers to causing pipes or vessels made of metal or any
suitable material to move instead of laying dormant. We prefer the rotary'
motion in most instances, but we do not confine ourselves to one particular
plan in causing the said pipes or vessels to move or rotate.
We employ
suitable liquids or substances moving through them or over them, as the case
may be required. This Invention, as will readily be seen by reference to the
Drawings hereunto annexed, can be used with or without coolers; the
vessel or vessels in which the pipes are caused to rotate is placed in a
suitable position where it will be entirely exposed to the atmosphere,
and has a suitable cover moved by counterbalance weights or otherwise.
On the top of the cover is fixed a tube of suitable length and size,
containing a fan or blower moved very rapidly with suitable machinery
for the purpose of carrying the steam off which arises from the liquid con-
tained in the vessel. The method of working this refrigerator is as follows:-
The liquid to be cooled or attemperated is caused to flow into the said vessel
or vessels; the machine is set in motion by suitable machinery, with the
cooling or heating power passing through the pipes which are to rotate, as
shewn in Figures 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, or the action may be reversed,
in which case the cooling or heating power may be put into the said vessel,
and the liquid to be attemperated caused to pass through the said pipes.
When the liquid is sufficiently attemperated, it is then allowed to flow off
through suitable taps into the fermenting tuns direct if it is wort, and thereby
save the necessity of fixing coolers, but if it be any other liquid, it is allowed to
flow into any suitable vessel placed for its reception. Another method is to fix
one, three, or more vessels in a line, the pipes being fixed as seen at Figure 2.
It is intended that the liquid passing through the first set of pipes shall
flow through the second set of pipes, and so on in succession through as many!
sets of pipes as are required; or the liquid in the vessels may be made to flow:
from one vessel to the other; or the liquid may be made to pass in and out of

page_text: each other separately at the will of the operator; the pipes may be caused to
rotate in channels or large tubes, as seen in Figure 3, corrugated or otherwise,
and made of suitable material; one, two, or more channels or tubes may be
used, say, twelve or twenty feet long. In all cases the cooling or attemperating
liquid should meet the liquid to be attemperated.
Figure 1 is a tub in which the machine is fixed, shewing two ways of
causing the liquid to pass through the pipes, &c. A is an horizontal hollow
shaft, around which the zig-zag pipes B, B, are firmly fixed in wings or sets
projecting from the centre shaft, as seen in Figure 4; any number of sets may
be fixed to the horizontal shaft as required. C is an upright hollow shaft fitted
with suitable machinery for causing the horizontal shaft A to rotate round the
tub or a circle of cogs D, fitted to the side or top of the tub; E is a small
pinion wheel fixed to the shaft A, and working in the cogs D, thereby causing
the pipes to move round the tub, the bevil wheel F at the same time is
causing the horizontal shaft A, and wings or zig-zag pipes B to rotate round
its own axis, and in its action it divides the liquid to be attemperated into thin
circles, according to the distance between the zig-zag pipes, which thoroughly
exposes the surfaces of the liquid to each other. If the liquid to be attem-
perated is caused to pass through the pipes, the attemperating liquid requires
to be continually flowing in and out of the tub by suitable means; the pipe G
is the outlet pipe, in one plan the liquid is shewn to pass through the hori-
zontal shaft, and down the hollow upright shaft away to any suitable place;
in the other plan, the liquid is shewn to pass over the edge of the tub into a
suitable receiver H, fixed on to the outside of the tub; the tub may be made
with double sides so as to receive the waste water, by that plan there always
could be kept a body of water round the tub any required thickness; the pipe
I is connected to the upright shaft, and made tight with suitable packing; the
short perforated shaft J, with the driving bevil wheel K attached at the
bottom is made water-tight at the bearings, and driven by a bevil wheel i,
(see Figure 5) which causes motion to the horizontal shafts A, A; the cover M
is moved by the balance weights N, or by a rack and pinion. Another plan for
conveying the waste water away is by means of the T-joint and pipe P, with
which is connected a hopper head shewn at Figure 2. Figure 6 is a section
through Figure 3, which represents the machine placed in a long trough or
back; this vessel also represents another form of channel which may be used.
Figure 7 shews the machine enclosed in a tube which can be made either
single or double; the intention of encasing one tube within the other as seen
at Figure 8, is to form a passage any given distance between the outer and
inner tube, so as to cause the liquid to pass over the outside of the inner tube,

page_text: as well as through the zig-zag pipes of the machine. If there is only one tube
used it is divided in halves, the top part to form a cover resting on suitable
hinges so as to open and shut, as seen at Figure 9. For the convenience of
cleaning and repairing, the joints are made with suitable packing, and fastened
with clips or screws, as shewn at Figure 10. It is intended that one part of
this. Invention, as seen at 2 A, can be used to raise or lower the temperature
of cream or milk at the time of churning, or any time when required, and this
we term a "rotary attemperating churn."
In some cases the pipes may be laid in the form of a screw, either flat or
round, (fixed to the horizontal shaft firmly, and in several ways), instead of the
horizontal pipes B. In Figure 7 the dotted lines represent the hollow screw
which can also be placed perpendicular as well as horizontal. The aforesaid
plans can be made to rotate by its own weight of water with suitable wheels,
as well as any other motive power.
Having now fully set forth and described the nature and object of our said
Invention, together with the best means we are acquainted with of carrying
the same into practical effect, we hereby in conclusion wish it to be understood
that what we claim as of our Invention is the causing of the pipes to rotate in
the act of cooling or attemperating liquids.
In witness whereof, we, the said Charles Tooth and William Watkin
Wynne, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Thirteenth day
of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
fifty.aight
CHAS. TOOTH.
(L.S.)
WILLIAM WATKIN WYNNE. (L.S.)
Witness to the signature above of Charles Tooth.
T. WRIGHT,
Clerk to Charles Tooth,
Burton-on-Trent.
o Witness to the signature of W Watkin Wynne,
ALEX. PRINCE, Patent Agent,
4, Trafalgar Square, Charing Cross,