IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MOSAIC FLOOR CLOTHS AND OTHER LIKE MOSAIC FABRICS AND IN MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Walton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th December 1882.
•
FREDERICK WALTON of Heatham House Twickenham in the County of
Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MOSAIC FLOOR CLOTHS AND
OTHER LIKE MOSAIC FABRICS AND IN MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED IN SUCH
MANUFACTURE"
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of mosaic
floor cloths and other like mosaic fabrics and in machinery to be employed in such
manufacture.
•
The material known as Linoleum and like oxidized oil compositions are
particularly suited for the manufacture of mosaic fabrics in accordance with my
Invention. I provide this material in various colors rolled out into sheets and by
the mechanism which I will describe I cut out pieces or tesseræ of each color and
combine these upon a sheet preferably of the same material spread upon a backing
of woven fabric and paper, I then consolidate the whole by heat and pressure.
To cut out the pieces or tesseræ I prepare cutting blocks, and this I do in the
following manner: I make first a pattern block, it may be of wood or of metal.
In the face of this block grooves are cut corresponding with every line in the
pattern to be produced and in the case especially of geometric patterns there may
be many more grooves in the pattern block so that the same block may be
employed in the arrangement of the cutters for many patterns. The cutters which
I employ are ribbons or bands of steel or other metals cut into suitable lengths and
these pieces are neatly fitted into the grooves in the pattern block and are jointed
the one to the other. When the knives required to cut out the pieces of any one
Dan 1031

page_text: -
color in the mosaic pattern have been thus set in the pattern block, the next
operation is to cause these knives to become partly embedded in the material of
which the cutting block is to be composed. This material may be a fusible metal
or it may be a composition such as oxidised oil hardened by admixture of pigments,
or it may be of wood saw dust conglomerated and held together by coaggulated
albumen, a well known composition which can be made almost as hard as ebony.
If it be intended to make the cutting block of this or other like composition the
knives will have been arranged in the pattern block with their edges downwards
in the grooves and as the cutters are broader than the depth of the grooves the
knives project above the surface of the pattern block. I fill the grooves which do
not contain knives with any suitable pulverulent material and then I apply with
pressure the composition to form the block so that the backs of the knives may
become embedded in it. Then by heat or otherwise according to the nature of the
composition I harden the block so that the knives projecting from its surface may
be securely held.
When this cutter block is placed upon a sheet of colored linoleum and pressure
is applied its knives cut out from the sheet pieces or tesseræ suitable for use in
building up the mosaic pattern and they retain these pieces in their proper relative
positions.
I prefer that the knives should project from the face of the block considerably
more than the thickness of the sheet from which the tesseræ are cut, and I partly
fill the cavities with india rubber over which I fit a thin sheet of brass or other
inetal, thus I ensure suitable elasticity in the surface which by its pressure ensures
the adhesion of the tesseræ to the fabric on which they are laid.
Often it will be necessary to provide holes through the cutting blocks in order
that such of the pieces of colored, linoleum as the cutters retain but which are not
required for use may be discharged these holes are secured by inserting core pieces
between the knives on the pattern block before the composition is pressed around
the knives.
As the several cutting blocks required to produce a pattern are all made on the
same pattern block the accurate formation of the mosaic tesseræ and their
retention in position is ensured.
If the cutting block is to be made in fusible metal the knives are arranged in
the pattern block with their edges upward and plaster of Paris is cast upon them.
The plaster cast is dried and the metal is 'cast upon it so that the backs of the
knives become embedded in the metal :-suitable cores are applied to pressure holes
if necessary.
The machine in which I produce the mosaic fabric is provided with an endless
apron of water proof cloth with metal ribbons attached to its edges to prevent it
stretching and these edges are perforated with holes to receive teeth upon the
rollers around which the apron passes.in the machine. The backed linoleum fabric
which is to receive the mosaic tesseræ is carried through the machine by the
endless apron, it is drawn from a roller in which it has been wound or is conducted
direct into the machine from the place where it is manufactured. The apron
receives an intermittent motion which carries the linoleum fabric forward to the
point where it receives the first set of tessere, here the cutting block already charged
with the pieces or tesseræ to be applied is laid on the linoleum fabric and is
retained in place by suitable latches. The bed upon which the. fabric rests then
rises and presses the fabric against the cutting block and the tesseræ held therein
and as the composition is in a tacky state the tesseræ adhere to the ground fabric
The endless apron. then carries the fabric forward to the next point where it
receives other tessera in a similar manner and in proper relative positions.
Meanwhile the first cutting block has been turned over, by the movement of the
frame which carries it about a transverse horizontal axis and the knives are so
brought uppermost. Whilst the block is in this position a feeder descends and
brings down on to the knives a sheet of colored linoleum material suitable to forin
the tesseræ and the knives cut out from the sheet the pieces required-If from the

page_text: nature of the pattern, the knives retain pieces which are not required these are
then poked through the holes in the cutter block by pins set in a moveable plate
carried by the feeder; the pins at the proper moment are caused to advance.
These waste pieces are received into a box which is emptied from time to time
and the material reworked. .
As the feeder rises the sheet of material which it carries is wound forward by a
movement imparted to the rollers which carry it, so that at each descent of the
feed a fresh or uncut portion of the sheet of composition is presented to the knives.
Each cutting block is thus provided with a feeder and the arrangements of each
are in all respects similar and the machine is accurately adjusted to ensure proper
register of the pattern. When. the linoleum fabric has received all the tesseræ to
complete the pattern it is carried by the endless apron between two steam heated
slabs arranged as a toggle press. By this press several pressures are given to the
fabric by which the perfect adhesion of the tesseræ to the base fabric is ensured. The
pressure also causes the tessere to be expanded or spread to the extent necessary
to complete the joints between them. It may also if desired be caused to emboss
a pattern upon them.
A continuous sheet of fabric covers the face of the mosaic fabric whilst it
receives this pressure so that the fabric may not adhere to the head of the press.
The fabric easily leaves the composition as it issues from the press.
The mosaic fabric then passes out of the machine and is wound upon a roll.
The endless apron of the machine is drawn forward at the proper intervals by a
clamp which extends completely across the apron and receives a reciprocating
motion from a crank and connecting rods. This clamp consists of a bottom bar
moving horizontally in guides in the frame for a distance equal to the length of
the pattern, and of an upper bar resting on the apron and fabric and so heavy as to
press them against the lower bar sufficiently firmly to cause the whole to be drawn
forward when the bar advances. As the nipper recedes the top bar is lifted by the
two connecting rods which impart the motion and which come against adjustable
screws on the upper bar.
There is a similar stationary nipper to retain the apron when the moving nipper
goes back; the weighted bar of the stationary nipper is lifted at the proper times
by cams.
Sometimes in place of passing into the machine a plain base fabric I supply it
with a fabric having an embossed pattern upon it and I adjust the whole in such a
manner as to ensure the tesseræ being applied in accordance with the embossed
pattern already upon the base fabric.
My mosaic fabrics may also if desired be further ornamented by patterns printed.
upon them.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Frederick Walton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 18th
June 1883..
f
FREDERICK WALTON of Heatham House Twickenham in the County of
Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MOSAIC FLOOR CLOTHS AND
OTHER LIKE MOSAIC FABRICS AND IN MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED IN SUCH
MANUFACTURE
"
This invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of mosaic
floor cloths and other like mosaic fabrics and in machinery to be employed in such
manufacture.
'
The material known as Linoleum and like oxidized oil compositions are
particularly, suited for the manufacture of mosaic fabrics in accordance with
my invention. I'provide this material in various colors rolled out into sheets
and by the mechanism which I will describe I cut out picces or tesseræ of each
color and combine these upon a sheet preferably of the same material spread upon
a backing of woven fabric and paper. I then consolidate the whole by beat and
pressure.
To cut out the pieces or tesseræ I prepare cutting blocks, and this I do in the
following manner. I maké first a pattern. block, it may be of wood or of metal.
In the face of this block grooves are cut corresponding with every line in the
pattern to be produced and in the case especially of geometric patterns there may
be many more grooves in the pattern block so that the same block may be
employed in the arrangements of the cutters for many patterns. The cutters which
I employ are ribbons or bands of steel or other metals cut into suitable, lengths
and these pieces are neatly fitted into the grooves in the pattern block. and are
jointed the one to the other. When the 'knives required to cut out the pieces of
any one color in the mosaic pattern have been thus set in the pattern block, the
next operation is to cause these knives to become partly embedded in the material
of which the cutting block is to be composed. This material may be a fusible
metal or it may be a composition such as oxidized oil hardened by admixture of
pigments, or it may be of wood sawdust conglomerated and held together by
conggulated albumen, a well known composition which can be made almost as hard
as ebony. If it be intended to make the cutting block of this or other like
composition the knives will have been arranged in the pattern block with their
edges downwards in the grooves and as the cutters are broader than the depth of
the grooves the knives project above the surface of the pattern block. I fill the
grooves which do not contain knives with any suitable pulverulent material and
then I apply with pressure the composition to form the block so that the backs
of the knives may become imbedded in it. Then by heat or otherwise according
to the nature of the composition I harden the block so that the knives projecting
from its surface may be securely held.
When this cutter block is placed upon a sheet of colored linoleum and pressure
is applied its knives cut out from the sheet pieces or tesseræ suitable for use in
building up the mosaic pattern and they retain these pieces in their proper relative
positions
I prefer that the knives should project from the face of the block considerably
more than the thickness of the sheet from which the tessere are cut, and I partly
fill the cavities with india rubber over which I fit a thin sheet of brass or other
metal, thus I ensure suitable elasticity in the surface which by its pressure ensures
the adhesion of the tesseræ to the fabric on which they are laid.
Often it will be necessary to provide holes through the cutting blocks in order

page_text: "
that such of the pieces of colored linoleum as the cutters retain, but which are
not required for use may be discharged these holes are secured by inserting core
pieces between the knives on the pattern block before the composition is pressed
around the knives.
As the several cutting blocks required to produce a pattern are all made upon
the same pattern block the accurate formation of the mosaic tesseræ and their
retention in position is ensured.
If the cutting block is to be made in fusible metal the knives are arranged in
the pattern block with their edges upward and. Plaster of Paris is cast upon them.
The plaster cast is dried and the metal is cast upon it so that the backs of the..
knives becomes embedded in the metal; suitable cores are applied to pressure boles
if necessary.
The machine in which I produce the mosaic fabric is provided with an endless
apron of water proof cloth with metal ribbons attached to its edges to prevent it
stretching and these edges are perforated with holes to receive teeth upon the
rollers around which the apron passes in the machine. The backed linoleum fabric
which is to receive the mosaic tesseræ is carried through the machine by the
endless apron, it is drawn from a roller on which it has been wound or is conducted
direct into the machine from the place where it is manufactured. The apron
receives an intermittent motion which carries the linoleum fabric forward. to the
point where it receives the first set of tesseræ, here the cutting block already
charged with.the pieces or tessera to be applied is laid on the linoleum fabric and
is retained in place by suitable latches. The bed upon which the fabric rests' then
rises and presses the fabric against the cutting, block and the tesseræ held therein
and as the composition is in a tacky state the tesseræ adhere to the ground
fabric.
The endless apron then carries the fabric forward to the next point where it
receives other tesseræ in a similar manner and in proper relative positions.
Meanwhile the first cutting block has been turned over by the movement of the
frame which carries it about a transverse horizontal axis and the knives are so
brought uppermost. Whilst the block is in this position a feeder descends and
brings down onto the knives a sheet of colored linoleum material suitable to form
the tesseræ and the knives cut out from the sheet the pieces required. If from
the nature of the pattern the knives retain pieces which are not required these
are then poked through the holes in the cutter block by pins set in a moveable
plate carried by the feeder; the pins at the proper moment are caused to advance.
These waste pieces are received into a box which is emptied from time to time
and the material reworked.
1
As the feeder rises the sheet of material which it carries is wound forward by a
movement imparted to the rollers which carry. it, so that at each descent of the feed
a fresh or uncut portion of the sheet of composition is presented to the knives.
Each cutting block is thus provided with a feeder and the arrangements of each
are in all respects similar and the machine is accurately, adjusted to ensure proper
register of the pattern. When the linoleum-fabric has received all the tesseræ to
complete the pattern it is carried by the endless apron between two steam heated
slabs arranged as a toggle press. By this press several pressures are given to the
fabric by which the perfect adhesion of the tessera to the base fabric is ensured.
The pressure also causes the tesseræ to be expanded or spread to the extent necessary
to complete the joints between them. It may also if desired be caused to emboss a
pattern upon them.
A continuous sheet of fabric covers the face of the mosaic fabric whilst it receives
this pressure so that the fabric may not adhere to the head of the press. The fabric
easily leaves the composition as it issues from the press.
The mosaic fabric then passes out of the machine and is wound upon a roll.
The endless apron of the machine is drawn forward at the proper intervals by a
clamp which extends completely across the apron and receives a reciprocating
motion from a crank and connecting rods. This clamp consists of a bottom bar

page_text: and the same plate and by solidifying or embedding the knives from this plate into
blocks, that the different blocks so produced will be almost of mathematical equality
or will register the parts of a design as perfectly as it can be produced by mechanical
means.
For the knives I use either steel or brass, although iron or other suitable metal
can be used, from 1 to an inch wide and 1/2 to 4 of an inch thick. These
steel or brass stripes are bevilled and sharpened on one .edge or side, then cut in
the required lengths, the cut ends. are properly bevilled so that they join closely
and these knives are then set into the composing plate according to the before
determined outlines of the design. a in figure IX shows the setting of these knifes
for a pattern or design as it is shown for instance in the general plan of the
machinery. The grooves in the plate which are not provided with knives are
filled with plaster plumbago or other suitable material.
In this design, composed of two colors only, the outlines of one color are outlines
of the other, all will be stamped out at once and as one set of pieces or tesseræ
must be removed from the block for bringing only the other on the fabric to be
operated on, I produce openings or holes in the block by inserting cores figure X,
in plaster or wood at the determined places on the composing plate. This plate
now so prepared is slightly oiled and set in an iron frame of sufficient height to
contain a suitable quantity of material for a determined thickness of the block to
be produced.
The material filled in may be oxidised oil composition, or I use saw dust or
wood pulp mixed stiffly with albumin of blood in a. liquid state. The box so
prepared, of which the composing plate forms the bottom, is then brought under a
heated press, the material receives a considerable pressure and when the heat has
permeated the whole mass till the albumin is coagulated, the box is removed and
the solidified block, with the knives now firmly embedded into it, is detached from
the composing plate. The cores are removed out of the block and the block is
now ready for further preparation.
.A second block for the complement of the design is produced as described only
that the before mentioned cores are set in those places where the first block is left
solid
Figure XI explains the further preparation of a block of the same design It
shows a part of a block in section and in full size. & are the knives. 6 brass
plates with pins e and nut f, g countersink in the block for the nut, c india rubber
under the brass plate b, h openings or holes in the places where the cuttings are to
be removed before the block is used for setting those parts which are retained over
the brass plates and india rubber.
The block represented by figure XI will cut a square piece out of a sheet of
linoleum, but this square piece is divided in as many pieces as there are patterns
on the block formed by the knives. The pieces or tesseræ which are to be set and
pressed on to the fabric, are level with the edges of the knives and receive a
pressure from the plate b at their back, whilst those between the knives over the
openings h hang loose, and receive no pressure or can be removed at a single stroke
by means of a board provided with as many plugs as there are openings in the
block.
:
Figure XI shows the embedding of the knives a into the material used for the
making of the block as I have described before.
Figure XII shows the plan and Figure XII' a section of a small block cast in
type or other like fusible metal. a are the knives, 6 a filling into these parts
which have to give pressure. The filling can be brass and india rubber as
described by Figure XI or other suitable material. It will be seen that in cutting
this letter out of a sheet of linoleum, that the part marked e will likewise be
removed out of the sheet and will adhere between the knives, but on reversing the
block face downwards and pressing it on another piece of linoleum, that this part e
will receive no pressure.
The pieces e may be removed by hand either before or after the setting is done

page_text: or these blocks can be provided with openings and the whole process of their
making be treated in the same way as described before by figure XI.
+
The blocks or types Figures XII and XII are provided with tongues c and
grooves
d.
To make these blocks; composing plates in wood may be employed although
metal plates are preferable, as not so subject to warping and alteration.
When using wood plates the knives are set into properly cut slits, the cutting
edges upwards. A plaster cast is then given over the knives and when this cast
has hardened, it is removed and the edges of the knives will all be imbedded in
the plaster cast. This cast is trimmed and serves for the casting of the metal
block. After being baked it is put into a brass or iron mould, provided with
'mouldings for the tongues and grooves and is then cast in the well known manner
as stereotypes are cast.
The plaster being removed from the cast, the knives are now embedded in the
metal cast, which is planed and trimmed as far as necessary and is fitted in the
required places as described before. If in certain places openings or holes are
wanted; corresponding cores in plaster are set into the mould before casting.
When using iron or brass for composing plates, the knives are set with their
cutting edges downwards into the plates and these plates are used in casting the
moulds instead of plaster casts.
I will mention here relatively to cutting blocks for designs in three or more
colors, (for each color always a special block being employed, therefore as many
blocks as colors are wanted), that such blocks generally but not always, cut only
pieces out of a sheet of linoleum and leave this sheet hanging together with only
holes of different shape cut into it. These blocks carry no waste pieces of linoleum
with them, consequently there are no such pieces to be removed from the blocks,
these blocks are therefore made solid, with openings or holes.
The blocks prepared as described are fitted in the machinery shown by Figure IV
in a side elevation by Figure V in vertical section, by Figures IV and V₁ in plan,
by Figure IV in transverse section and by Figure IV³ in part horizontal section.
This machinery is composed of the frames a and the standards b firmly con-
nected by stays c and a ground plate d. Plummer blocks e carry a shaft ƒ On
this shaft is a frame g, open at the top and bottom firmly fastened so that it
swings with the shaft f. The frame g has inside all round a tongue or bracket h
"on this the cutting block i, as described before by Figure XI is laid, adjusted and
firmly kept by the set screws k. On the shaft f is an arm with weight U to
counterbalance the weight of the frame g with the block . The shaft f receives
an intermittent motion, which will be described further on, by the wheel T, the
quadrant S, the connecting rod R and the crank Q.
The standards b are guides for a frame L. To keep this frame in a steady level
position it is provided at both ends with square blocks sliding between the
standards b. These blocks are provided with pivots m, connecting the frame
with the connecting rods n.
The frame has one moveable side o and inside all round a tongue p for sliding
a bottom q into it; the bottom set in, the side o is fastened by screws. The
bottom q is either plain or provided with openings, corresponding to the holes in the
cutting and setting blocks . If these blocks are without holes, then the bottom q
is without such; the bottom q is lined underneath with a sheet of india rubber or
a sheet of lead likewise with openings cut into it if required. In the frame lis
a moveable plater, provided underneath with plugs 8, corresponding to the holes
in the setting or cutting, block i. By a downward motion of the plate r the
plugs & traverse all the openings in the block i and push the cuttings of linoleum,
covering these openings, in to a square boxj, which box is fastened on the frames a
between the standards b.
The plate is supported and moved in the following way.
A bar t is fastened on the frame. On the bar is an arm u forming the fulcrum
for the lever v. This lever is connected to another arm or rod w, which passes

page_text: free through the bar t, and the rod.w is there fastened to the plate r, which plate
is kept up by a strong spring between the bar t and the lever v, not shown in the
drawing, or a balance weight can be employed for the same purpose, by attaching
it to the power end of the lever v.
As seen in the plan Figures IV' and V₁ the lever v passes between the
standards b and is then bent downwards. By its motion downwards with the
frame, this lever comes in contact with another lever w¹, which has its fulcrum
This lever receives by the cam Y on the shaft A in the proper moment a
short stroke, which is communicated to the lever v and produce a quick downward
stroke of the plate and consequently a stroke of all the plugs & through the
openings of the block i.
in x.
In some cases I do not employ the arrangement relatively to the plugs & as
just described.
The composition of the pattern is sometimes so, that there are no waste pieces
to be removed or the suction between the pieces and the block is such that these
pieces to be set will not freely leave the blocks. In such cases the frames g are so
constructed that they can be covered over the back of the blocks by an airtight
plate and the blocks i having no holes for the plugs s form a solid plate, in which
plate small holes are drilled in about the centre of the pattern pieces to be set.
These small holes being covered by the pattern pieces an airtight chamber is
formed between the plate and the back of the blocks. This chamber is by a short
channel in communication with the shaft f, which shaft is bored in its centre up
to the place where the channel is connected. This partly hollow shaft is in con-
nection with a reservoir of compressed air and a valve acted upon by the machine
at a given moment, lets compressed air into the airtight chamber. This takes
place when the block is in the position as shown in Figure IV, that is when it is
in close contact with the fabric to be operated upon by the pressure of the prop
head t¹. The air chamber being at this moment filled with compressed air, the air
presses on the pieces to be set and leaves them firmly on the fabric, when the block
swings back to the position as shown in Figure V.
On the top of the frame is the feeding roller y. This roller is supplied with a
convenient length of linoleum z of the required color and rolled out in a sheet of
the required thickness. A friction roller or pulley kept by a spring, not shown in
the drawing, is provided on the shaft end of the roller y. The linoleum, sheet z
passes over the leading rollers a' underneath the frame and then upwards between
the rollers 6. The lower roller bl is provided with a ratchet c¹ fastened on its
shaft, Figures IV' and V¹; a loose pulley on the same shaft with ratchet d' is kept
by the spring e¹ against the ratchet c¹. Over the pulley dis slung a cord or
gut d², fastened with one end to the arm f' at the top of the standard b the under
end being fastened to the frame a. By a downward motion of the pulley and
ratchet d this ratchet slips over the teeth of the ratchet c' and the rollers b¹ do not
turn, by the upward motion the fast ratchet c' catches the ratchet d', consequently.
the lower roller b¹ turns, takes the upper roller with it by contact, draws the
linoleum sheets a certain length, determined by the diameter of the pulley d',
discharges this linoleum into the frame or box and supplies a fresh piece of
linoleum under the box / from the roller y.
The frame or box receives a down and upward motion by the cranks W,
connected with 7 by the rods n. The cranks W are provided with adjusting
screws f, allowing the crank pins to be shifted; by this the exact distance the
frame shall descend and the pressure it shall exercise can be adjusted. Over the
bearings g in the connecting rod n is an elastic cushion h¹ to allow some elasticity
in the mechanism. The cranks W receive an intermittent motion by the wheels V
and V the latter connected by the shaft J' with the bevel wheel O' and this
receives its motion by the wheel O on the shaft A.
In Figures IV, IV2, IV³ and V is shewn a press; j₁ is its bed plate reposing on
brackets on the frame a. On the bed plate are the standards h² traversed in
their bearings by a shaft i¹, This shaft has in the middle an arm or crank k²

page_text: .
connected by the rod a second crank m² and the rod n¹ with the lever o. At
any of these connections of the rods to the lever or the cranks it may be arranged
that the turning point or pin can be raised or lowered for increasing or lessening
the stroke of the rods. The lever o has on its upper part a fork, in which moves
an eccentric X' fastened on the shaft A.
+1
The shaft is provided with two other double cranks p² on whose ends are
linked the rods q', these rods have at their other ends strong heads with recesses or
sockets in the same; in these sockets are set the rods or studs r, reposing and kept
at their other ends in the sockets s¹, fastened respectively to the bed plate j' and
to the press table t¹. The rods q' as also the studs 7, moving in the same plane
and direction, are connected in pairs by the ties u³.
The table t' of the press, composed of a box and a plate, is hollow and forms a
steam chamber. The steam is admitted through the pipe v.
This pipe passes
through a stuffing box w¹ into the small cylinder or stand pipe x. This stand
pipe is connected by pipes F steam valves or cocks. g' with the steam generator.
The table t' is also provided with an exhaust pipe, not shown in the drawing. For
that the table t' does not descend further as it is nécessary for clearance over its
surface brackets z¹are bolted or cast on the frame ȧ. To guide the table t, slides a³
are fastened to the table and the frame a.
Figures III, III and III' show a press. constructed.in the same principle as those
just described but of larger size and somewhat different in its feature.
The bed plate c of this press reposes on the plate d, leaving a passage free
between these two plates for the blanket B. The plate.d reposes on masonry and
both plates are secured to the foundation by the anchors' o.
On the bed plate d are mounted the columns e surrounded by the cylinders or
tubes. The tubes form a support or resting point for the moveable table b; whose
descent is limited by the height of the tubes f
On shoulders on the columns e rests the stationary head a.-dc and a are united
by the columns e their screws and nuts. Wedges set over the nuts, as shown in
the drawing, prevent loosening of the nuts. The stationary press head a is hollow
and covered by plate a', so is table b likewise covered by plate b¹, b slides over the
columns e; both a and b form steam chambers. b'receives the steam through pipe.q
passing through stuffing box r into the stand pipes which is connected by a
valve u witli the steam pipe F. From this pipe another connection t with steam
cock leads the steam to the press head a. vin figure III are the exhaust pipes
for the two steam chambers a and b.
1.
On the ground plate c are fastened the standards h, traversed in their bearings
by the shaft i, which has in the middle the arm or crank l. This crank is connected
by the rod u to the lever v, forming a fork on its upper part, in which an
eccentric X, fastened, on the shaft A moves.
Two double cranks m are fastened on the shaft i.
are linked the rods having, heads with sockets
On the ends of these cranks
wherein the studs j are set.
The other ends of the studs repose in the sockets p. The studs j and rods kare
connected by ties u.
On the press head a are the rollers 'g; g¹ and g² 'over' which runs an endless
blanket n, waterproofed and very smooth on its surface, receiving its motion from
the roller g by the, pulleys x and x and the strap w. g² is a spanning roller for
the blanket N.
Instead of the just described press III I employ in some cases for the pressing
and finishing of the fabric a rolling apparatus as shown in Figures XVIII and XIX.
This apparatus' may be substituted either for the, press III or employed separately
after the fabric has left the machine. The construction of a well known principle,
wants no further description except for such parts which are new.
In some fabrics of linoleum mosaic the different pieces composing the face of the
design have to be closely joined. This I obtain by constructing the roller a with a i
surface forming a slightly raised network obtained either by engraving, stereotyping
or by galvano plastic. Between the roller a and the top roller b runs a smooth

page_text: endless blanket c¹. The fabric passes face upwards against the blanket between
the rollers and receives on its back a corresponding impression of the network of
the roller a. This. has the effect of pressing the layer of linoleum, forming the
foundation of the pattern into these patterns and joining them closely without
disturbing the face of the fabric.
By employing the apparatus figures XVIII and XIX separately I construct
both rollers like a with a net forming surface and I then roll two pieces, of fabric
at once.
In this case I employ no blanket, I lay the pieces face to face and between them
a long sheet of glazed paper or a long smooth blanket and then I roll them in the
same time, both rollers acting as before on the back of the fabric.
Both rollers are so arranged that they can be heated by steam.
An endless blanket B, runs over and-under the whole machinery from Figures II
to VI. This blanket is made of strong sailcloth and waterproofed.
The blanket B is bordered on both sides with endless metal bands E, perforated
for the gear of teeth, see plan and Figure VIII¹. Rollers C as shown and
distributed over the machinery lead the blanket which is spanned by the roller C
in Figure II.
The rollers C are either all or most of them provided at their ends with a ring
with teeth as shown by C in Figure VIII; these teeth catch in the perforations of
the metal bands E.
The blanket B receives an intermittent motion by the apparatus Figures
II and II. This apparatus being a well known machine for transversal and
longitudinal cutting of paper wants no special description, I will only remark that
it has in this case and for the purpose in my invention, no transversal cutting knife
and that the circular knives or discs for longitudinal cutting are placed in a separate
apparatus Figures I and I¹. This apparatus is likewise well known. The apparatus
Figures II and II! has an intermittent motion, which will be described further on
in the general motion of the whole machinery.
Figures VI and VI' is a frame with rollers C for leading the blanket B.
Figures VII and VII show a roller c carried in a frame. On this roller the
fabric, on which is to be operated, is wound up. This apparatus is mounted on
wheels a and set on rails 6 for moving it to requirement. On the roller c are
mounted disc plates d, which can be shifted on the roller according to the width of
the fabric to be wound upon it. The disc plates & are fastened to the collars e,
which are kept in the determined places by the set screws f. A friction pulley i
with strap and weight is fastened on the shaft of the roller c. g is a leading
roller for the fabric. The whole apparatus is attached to the frame of Figure VI
by hooks h.
The same apparatus Figure VII and VII is used on the other side of the machine
before Figure I, not shown in the drawing, for winding up the finished fabric, but
instead of the friction pulley i with strap and weight it has then common friction
pulleys and is driven from the next situated shaft B¹ figure I.
So far the machinery is described for the operation on plain fabric, that is on
fabric spread with a layer of evenly rolled out linoleum; in cases where I use such
fabrics already embossed with a part of a pattern as it is shown in Figures VIII',
XIII, and XIV, I prefer to execute the embossing and the further incrustation in a
continuous operation.
To this effect I connect my machine patented under N° 5118 on the 13th
December 1879 with the above described machinery, by placing it in the room of
the apparatus described under figure VII. Between the embossing machine and
the leading rollers Figure VI I insert the apparatus Figures VIII and VIII'.
This apparatus has for its object an exact registering of the embossed fabric with
the designs in the blocks i in the machinery described under Figures IV and V. These
before described blocks are provided with registering pins, not shewn in the
drawing, which are to be set in rapport with identical points on the embossed

page_text: fabric. To this effect the apparatus Figures VIII and VIII' is constructed as
follows:-
On a frame a is fastened a plate b. On this plate are the hinges c in which the
metal bars & swing. On these bars are sliders e with thumb screws, both sliders
firmly connected by the rod or rule f. On the rule f are two other sliders g with
thumb screws. These sliders g have each a pin or point g¹, a second rule / slides
on the bars d. The bars d are kept by the rests i. The whole is so constructed
that it forms a perfect rectangle, which swings in the hinges c.
To register the fabric to be operated on I use a printers squaring compass and
bring the pins g in exact rapport in distance and line with the registering points
on the block i. This done the fabric is brought under the apparatus so that the
points of the pins g mark the exact and desired point in the design on the fabric.
The fabric is then next securely fastened on the blanket B for which purpose in
certain distances small holes with eyelets are punched in the blanket. The fastening
is effected by passing string or wire through the fabric and the eyelets. This
fastening is only necessary at the beginning of the operation. As soon as the
fabric has passed the apparatus figure II, which takes a firm hold of the blanket
and the fabric, the seam is cut off. The rollers A and B in Figures VIII and VIII¹¨
are rollers of my machine patented as mentioned before.
-
It is obvious that the distances between the apparatus Figures IV and V or for
a further number of such apparatus, according to the number of colors to be
incrusted, must be determined exactly to the width of the blocks used for cutting
and setting f, i, as it is here the case; the drawings being to a scale of one inch
and a half to the foot, the width of the designs on the blocks is 18 inches,
consequently the distances from centre to centre of following blocks must be a
multiple of 18 inches. It is here 3 × 18 = 54 inches. It may be more f, i. 4 × 18
inches without influence of the practical use of the machinery, but if smaller or wider
blocks are preferred, then the distances must be determined according to the width
of the blocks.
The performance and motion of the whole machinery is as follows:-
The cutting blocks being set and adjusted, steam being admitted to the chambers
of all the presses, the rollers y being charged with linoleum sheets, the fabric,
wound on the roller Figure VII is brought up to the blanket B and fastened as
described before. The machinery is now set in motion by the fast pulley Z. The
motion is transmitted by the wheels K' and K to the principal shaft A and
consequently to the cams and eccentrics GXY PX' and the wheels HLO. A by
hand to be manipulated disengaging arrangement connected with the disengaging
and engaging couplings on the secondary shafts, whose respective levers are on the
working side of the machine, but which are not shewn in the drawings, allow to set
the different parts of the whole machinery at will in notion. To begin now we will
assume figures IV and V out of gear but Figures I and II engaged.
From the wheel H the motion is transmitted to I by the clutch Alto shaft B¹ to
the pulleys C and D₁ driving the longitudinal cutters of Figure I for the trimming
of the fabric, and by the wheels E and F the motion is communicated to the
machine Figures II and II'. The centre of the pins, carrying the connecting rods
⚫ on the cranks are set at a determined distance from the centre of the shaft of these.
cranks. As shown in the drawing this distance is here 9 inches. In one revolution
of the cranks the connecting rods move therefore 18 inches. As by the position, in
which the cranks and connecting rods are shown in Figure II, the press has a firm
grip of the blanket, it is moved forward exactly 18 inches. When the cranks move
through the upper circle, the press is lifted by the connecting rods and goes free
back over the blanket. In the time that this moveable press goes back another
press near the crankshaft is in action and keeps the blanket with or without fabric
on it firm in its place.
The proportion of the wheels or their respective number of teeth is so that when H
accomplishes a full revolution F would make two. But the cam G throws for

page_text: half of the revolution of H, A¹, B¹, E¹, and F¹ out of gear, consequently the cranks
make only one revolution and are at a standstill during the other half of the
revolution of H. When the cranks make a full revolution, the blanket is only in
motion for hálf the time of their full revolution, it follows that in the time the
shaft A makes one full revolution, the blanket is only in motion for a quarter
of this time and consequently during three quarters of the time of the motion of A
at a standstill.
During this standstill of the blanket B the other parts of the whole machinery
come successively into action.
By the motion of the blanket the fabric is drawn into the machine and arrives
over the press table. t figure V, there it stops, for better illustration we will
assume, although the machine works considerably quicker, that the principal shaft
takes 4 minutes for a full revolution, we have then 3 minutes of perfect standstill
of the blanket and consequently of the fabric.
The wheels N. on shafts P' and H in Figures IV and V make two revolutions.
when L on shaft A makes one, but for each half revolution of N the clutches G
are by the action of the cam M put out of gear, the effect is that the cranks Q
make only one full revolution when N makes two, but the motion of the cranks Q
is interrupted at each half revolution. By expressing it to time these cranks
move of a minute and make half a turn, standstill for 3 minute make the
other half turn in / minute and stand again still for 3/4 minute. This motion is
transmitted by the crank R to the quadrant S and the wheel T, consequently to
the shaft f, the frame g and the block i. As by the action of the cranks and the
quadrant the wheels T receive only half a turn alternatively in one and in an
opposite direction, the frames g change from the position in Figure IV into the
position shown in Figure V. In each position they are, as we assumed, for ³½ of
a minute at rest. In the moment that they swing from the position Figure IV to
the position figure V the blanket and the fabric moves as described before. When
in position as in Figure V the cranks W are already in action and consequently
all parts connected with these cranks. To this effect the wheels O on shaft A
have eight times the number of teeth as the wheels O' and by the action of the
cams P the clutches I' are only for a quarter of the revolution of the wheels O in
action, again expressing it in time, for one minute, being for three minutes out of
gear. The shafts J¹ making in consequence of the proportion of number of teeth
in O and O¹ two revolutions, so do the wheels V' but having only half the number
of teeth as the wheels. V, these make one full revolution and so therefore the
cranks W. By the motion of these cranks the frames 7 make a down and upwards
motion and rest in the upwards position as assumed for three minutes. The down-
wards motion begins before frame g is in the level position as shown in Figure V
and the upwards motion is not fully accomplished before g is already in motion
to swing upwards and back to the position in Figure IV. By expressing it in
time, part of the 4 minutes for the swinging of g to the position in Figure V,
we will say, minute is given to the downwards motion of 1, 3% of a minute
standstill of g in position Figure V is further given for the continuation of down
and upwards motion of land a further eight of a minute is won when g is already
in back motion and has still its upward motion not quite accomplished.
This gives one minute and a quarter for the free motion of in one minute.
When g is in level position as in Figure V and in the position as in the same.
Figure, the knives of the blocks i cut into the linoleum sheets carried by l, in the
same moment the cams Y enter into action on the levers w¹ by a short and quick
stroke the plate is pushed downwards and the plugs 8 clear the openings in the
block i, pushing the cuttings of linoleum to be removed from the block into the
box j from where they are from time to time cleared out.
The frame g with the block i returns now to the position as shown in Figure IV.
Reaching this position g slips between two hooks or clamps, not shown in the
drawings, set in the frames a and falling by the action of springs over the frame g,
so that any upwards motion of g is prevented for a moment. These clamps are

page_text: .
relieved, before the motion of g begins again, by a connection of rods and levers to
a cam on the principal shaft or by using for this purpose some motion in the press
underneath the frame g.
The frame g with block i being.now in the position as shown in Figure IV, the
press tablet raises by the action of the eccentric X¹ and presses the fabric D
against the cuttings of linoleum left in the block i. These cuttings adhere by the
action of the heat and pressure of the press table to the fabric and are left on it
when the block i swings back.
The fabric moves then another determined distance, passes successively from one
block to the other, receives further incrustations till the design or pattern is
completed and passes then under the press Figure III, where it receives in all the
time, that there is no motion in the blanket, a powerful hot pressure by the action
of the eccentric ✗. The blanket n on this press moves only when the blanket B
moves and at the same speed and when the fabric leaves the press the blanket n
is successively rolled off and detached from the fabric. The now finished fabric
passes over the apparatus Figure II to the longitudinal cutters Figure I to be
trimmed and then to be rolled up to an apparatus like Figure VII as I described
before.
Having now described my invention and the manner of carrying the same into
effect I desire it to be understood that I claim.-
First. The manufacture of floor cloth, wall hangings and other similar fabrics
with solid inlaid or incrusted patterns and designs, substantially in the manner
described.
Second. The construction and production of the cutting blocks substantially as
described.
Third. The combinations of machinery for the continuous incrusting of linoleum
fabrics and for the hot pressing and finishing of such fabrics by a continuous
process substantially as described.
In witness whereof I the said Frederick Walton have hereunto set my hand
and seal this fourteenth day of June in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.