matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SEWAGE AND URINE IN ORDER TO RECOVER THE MANURIAL CONSTITUENTS THERE- FROM
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Sutton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th January 1866.
I, FRANCIS SUTTON, of Norwich, in the County of Norfolk, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT
OF SEWAGE AND URINE IN ORDER TO RECOVER THE MANURIAL CONSTITUENTS THERE-
FROM," to be as follows:-
The sewage in order to be treated by my process is run into tanks, and the
precipitation of the solid matter takes place there. I add sulphate of alumina,
which may vary in proportion from three to ten grains per gallon of sewage,
either used alone or in conjunction with common clay, fullers' earth, burut
clay, bog ochre, sulphate of magnesia, or peroxide of iron, these substances
being used in proportion according to the state of concentration in which the
sewage exists. The settlement of all solid matters from the liquid takes
place very rapidly, say in a quarter of an hour, when the clear fluid can be
run or pumped off for further treatment or for irrigation. In order to extract
the ammonia this liquid or urine, as the case may be, is now run into large
tanks or pits having covers or other means of being closed tolerably tight
and fresh caustic lime added either in a slaked or unslaked condition in the
proportion of about one pound to every bundred gallous of diluted sewage, and
in larger proportion if the sewage or urine is in a concentrated state. Shallow

page_text: trays of wood, porcelain, earthenware, or slate containing sulphuric acid or
hydrochloric acid either alone or mixed with sawdust, spent bark, tan, animal
charcoal, wood charcoal, superphosphate of lime, earth, gypsum or peat, or with
the manure produced from sewage by my precipitation process, are then
suspended immediately over the surface of the mixed sewage and lime.
Fermentation is set up in a short time by the action of the lime upon the
nitrogenous matters in the sewage, and ammonia evolved, which is immediately
absorbed by the acid or acid mixture in the trays. When sufficiently saturated
with ammonia the contents of the trays may be mixed with ordinary artificial
manures or with sewage manure, and fresh acid material placed above the
liquor till it is exhausted, when it may be turned into rivers as harmless, and
the precipitate used as manure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAVELLING OR FITTED DRESSING BAGS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Robinson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th September
1866.
I, RICHARD ROBINSON, of the Firm of Robinson, White, and Morrison, of
Brewer Street, Golden Square, in the County of Middlesex, Leather Bag
Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAVELLING OR FITTED DRESSING BAGS," to be as
follows:-
The object of my Invention is to place the toilet fittings in travelling or
fitted dressing bags in such position that they may leave the bag empty.to
receive clothes or other articles.
My Invention consists in forming the ends of the bag with divisions or
receptacles for the fittings, and in hinging these ends to the bottom of the bag
so that on touching a spring, or releasing a catch or lock, the ends may fall
down upon their hinges clear of the bag, leaving the inside of the bag entirely
I make a division of leather
empty to receive clothes or other articles.
or other material between the inner face of each end and the inside of the
bag.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN OBTAINING ADHESION OF THE DRIVING WHEELS OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES TO THE RAILS OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Herbert Holt at the Office of
the Commissioners. of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd February
1866.
I, CHARLES HERBERT HOLT, of Huddersfield, in the County of York,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN OBTAINING ADHESION OF THE DRIVING WHEELS OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES
TO THE RAILS OF RAILWAYS," to be as follows :-
The improvements relate to employing a jet of steam or of water,
or water saturated or combined with alum, salammoniac, or other matters
for this purpose directed upon the rails in front of the driving wheels.
Steam from the waste pipe or direct from the boiler is conducted by suitable
pipes, and is controlled to flow as desired by suitable taps in jets on to the rails
in front of the wheels; or when water, or a combination thereof with other
matters is employed, it may be conducted from the boiler or the tank or other
suitable reservoir.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC GAS CHANDELIERS AND IN GAS REGULATORS APPLICABLE THERETO AND TO OTHER GAS BURNERS OR METERS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henderson and David
M'Neil at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 18th September 1866.
We, GEORGE HENDERSON and DAVID MCNEIL, both of Blackfriars Road, in
the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC GAS CHANDELIERS AND IN GAS REGULATORS
APPLICABLE THERETO AND TO OTHER GAS BURNERS OR METERS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of
hydraulic gas chandeliers, the object being to afford greater security and
safety from escape of gas, and consequent explosion, than is afforded by the
present chandeliers; and, secondly, to improvements in gas regulators appli-
cable to such chandeliers, and also to other burners and meters, whereby
the flow of gas may be regulated at will in order to give the requisite extent
of flame according to the purpose required.
We propose to apply to the exterior of the vertical tube of the chandelier
a glass tube which is open at both ends, and rested in a water-tight manner
on a socket or cup screwed to the chandelier tube; the top of the glass
tube is then rendered water-tight by a similar cup screwed down thereon by
a thread on the chandelier tube, in which one or more apertures are made to
allow of the flow of water into the glass tube; the chandelier tube must be
supplied with a sufficient quantity of water as that when the chandelier is
drawn down to its lowest position the level of the water shall be within or
above the glass tube, by which means it can always be known whether the
chandelier is properly supplied with water. If the water does not appear

page_text: within the glass it will be necessary to supply more, and for the sake of more
ready observation we propose to mix some prominent color in the water, such
as a red, blue, or green, in order to distinguish the color of the water more
readily.
The regulator consists, firstly, of a cap with a female screw to screw on
the gas pipe; this cap is tubular, and is furnished with a milled edge for
screwing it to the pipe by hand. Above the milled edge the cap is formed
with a male screw (for the reception of a second cap or cover); above the
male screw the cap terminates by a decreased outer diameter of tube, and is
furnished with a covered cylinder fitting around it, and capable of being turned
thereon. The cylinder and tube are perforated with two or more holes in
corresponding positions, so that the cap may be turned to expose the apertures
completely, or to partly or wholly close the same, thus regulating the flow
of gas from the pipe. The second cap is then screwed over the first to its
male screw, and thus the regulator is concealed from view, and cannot be
altered without removing the second cap, on which the burner is to be
screwed.
This regulator is equally applicable to gas meters, as it may be made of
any dimensions required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PANCREATIC EMULSIONS OF SOLID AND LIQUID FATS AND OILS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Julius Schweitzer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd April
1866.
I, JULIUS SCHWEITZER, of Thornhill Crescent, Islington, in the County of
Middlesex, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PANCREATIC EMULSIONS OF SOLID AND
LIQUID FATS AND OILS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the manufacture and
preparation of pancreatic emulsions of solid and liquid fats and oils, and
whereby such emulsions are obtained in a more perfect and efficacious con-
dition for medicinal uses than by any of the processes hitherto adopted.
Instead of employing the pancreatic juice, the pancreas itself is brought into
contact with the fats or oils to be emulsified. The pancreas of various
animals may be used, but that of the pig will be found especially adapted for
the purposes of this Invention. The pancreas is first bruised, and then mixed
with the solid or liquid fats or oils, the whole being stirred, and the emulsifi-
cation assisted by the addition of water. The emulsion is afterwards separated
from the remains of the pancreatic tissue by straining, and brandy or other
spirit, oil of cloves, or other essences or essential oils may be added for the
double purpose of preserving and flavouring the emulsion. The emulsified

page_text: fat may also be extracted by means of ether, chloroform, or alcohol, or by
heat, or by any other solvent for fatty matters. The etherial, alcoholic, or
chloroformic solution when filtered and evaporated leaves the fatty matter in
a perfectly pure state, in which it is readily miscible with water, thus forming
the pancreatic emulsion which is the subject of this Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMBING WOOL AND OTHER FIBRE
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Whitley, of 12, Cobden Street, Bradford, in
the County of York, Overlooker, for the Invention of. 'IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR COMBING WOOL AND OTHER FIBRE."
Sealed the 14th May 1867, and dated the 19th November 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Whitley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
November 1866.
I, THOMAS WHITLEY, of 12, Cobden Street, Bradford, in the County of
York, Overlooker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMBING WOOL AND OTHER FIBRE," to be
as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for combing
wool and other fibre, and the improvements relate to that description of
combing machine in which the combing is performed by two circular rotating
.combs which constantly meet together at a point of their outer circumferences
where the fibre to be combed is fed across the teeth of both combs, and is
combed out by the separation of the combs as they revolve. In order to fee:] the
fibre to be combed across the teeth of the combs at the point where they meet
together, I, according to this Invention, place around the inner circumference

page_text: of each comb troughs or tubes carrying the ends of the slivers of fibre to be
combed, and supply the teeth of the two combs at the point where they meet
together alternately from the troughs or tubes of the two combs, one tube or
trough of one comb first placing the end of the sliver of fibre carried by it
across the teeth of the combs at the point where they meet, and then a tube
or trough of the other comb, and so on in succession as the combs revolve.
Spaces are left between the tubes or troughs around each comb of a width
equal to the width of the troughs, so that where the combs meet together the
space between two troughs of one comb may be supplied with fibre from a
trough of the other comb, the whole circumference of both combs will thus
be supplied with fibre, and there will be a continuous fringe of cleaned fibre
protruding from the outer circumference of both combs when they have sepa-
rated from one another. The cleaned fringe protruding from both combs is
then drawn off by preference by horizontal drawing rollers, and afterwards as
each of the troughs of both combs comes again to the point where the combs
meet it again places the end of the sliver carried by it across the teeth of both
combs.
The tubes or troughs which I prefer to employ for carrying the slivers of
fibre are such as are described in the Specification of a Patent granted to
George Edmund Donisthorpe, 25 day of October 1864, (No. 2642,) but
other troughs or instruments for carrying the slivers may be employed.
A NEW CHEMICAL PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING ARTIFICIAL TEA
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Francis Davis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
March 1866.
I, HENRY FRANCIS DAVIS, of No. 54, Bayham Street, Camden Town,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW CHEMICAL PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING ARTIFICIAL
TEA," to be as follows:-
I first decompose bichromate of potash with concentrated sulphuric acid
by means of baryta, or otherwise; I next add two equivalents of pure
chromic acid and one equivalent of ammonia. The solution is next
evaporated and the salt subsequently separated. The salt thus obtained is
pure bichromate of ammonia, and when ignited at a low heat in a metal
dish over the flame of a candle or a jet of gas, it continues to burn and.
every particle of the salt is decomposed, and the residuum forms an exact.
resemblance to tea.
In carrying out my Invention I take 4 parts by measure of cold saturated
solution of bichromate of potash, then add 5 parts by measure of con-
centrated sulphuric acid, separate the chromic acid and semi-saturate with.
solution of ammonia, evaporate and crystalize the solution.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN ARTICLES OF DRESS OR WEARING APPAREL, SUCH AS COATS, TROUSERS, VESTS, JACKETS, MANTLES, CLOAKS, SHIRTS, DRAWERS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Leather at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th October
1866.
I, SAMUEL LEATHER, of Dalton, near Huddersfield, in the County of York,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN ARTICLES OF DRESS OR WEARING
APPAREL, SUCH AS COATS, TROUSERS, VESTS, JACKETS, MANTLES, CLOAKS, SHIRTS,
DRAWERS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in dispensing with a great part of the cutting out
and sewing or stitching of the parts together heretofore required in the
manufacture or making of such articles, and instead of which I manufacture
or produce these articles to a considerable extent during the process of
weaving the fabric or cloth of which they are made. For this purpose I
employ ordinary jacquard apparatus to work the harness for forming the
shed or sheds, the cards of which I so arrange as to operate on the warp to
weave "double cloth," or two fabrics one over the other at the same time
(which is not new), and I also arrange the cards as that certain parts of the
warp or the threads thereof are operated to produce single cloth only whilst
the other parts are double cloth; thus the two fabrics are joined together at
certain intervals in the process of weaving instead of sewing them together.

page_text: I therefore arrange the cards of the jacquard apparatus to operate the
threads of the warp according to the pattern or shape of the article to be
manufactured in a similar manner to ordinary pattern weaving, so as to fasten
the two fabrics together by weaving at the precise places where the seams
would be in the article when produced by the ordinary mode of sewing or
stitching them together; and by this means I can also weave the linings in
or along with the outside of the garment.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PULIPS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Gallafent at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th March
1866.
J, DANIEL GALLAFENT, of Stepney Causeway, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PULIPS," to be as follows:―
My Invention relates to pumps in which a double action or rather a
quadruple action and continuous flow of water, or nearly so, is maintained by
the action of two pistons in one barrel, or one barrel in line with another, and
suitably connected; it consists in the particular arrangement of the pistons in
combination with a separating diaphragm and a tubular connection between
the two pistons which serves as a passage for the fluid, this tubular connection
works through a stuffing box or simply a hole in the diaphragm separating
the two parts of the barrel; the arrangement may be such that the inlet
may be near the diaphragm and the discharge at tho upper end of the barrel,
or vice versa; or, on the other hand, the inlet may be in the middle and the
discharge at the lower part of the barrel, or vice versa. When the discharge
is at the top the suction or inlet in the middle is just below the diaphragm,
while the pistons are furnished with large disc-like leather or other flexible
valves, the one below the lower piston, the other above the upper one. Tho
top and bottom of the barrel are closed, and the piston rod or stem passes
through the top and has a handle fixed on it when for a portable hand pump, a
folding foot being provided for the operator to place bis foot upon. The fluid

page_text: entering by the inlet or suction pipe passes first between the diaphragm and
the lower piston during the down stroke; on the succeeding up stroke it
passes through the valve in the lower piston into the lower chamber; during
the next down stroke it passes up the tube connecting the pistons and escapes
through holes in it into the space between the upper piston and the diaphragm,
and thence through the upper piston into the upper chamber and to the
discharge.
The upper and lower parts of the barrel act simultaneously, so that
with the down stroke you get a discharge from below the lower piston, while
with the up stroke a discharge is obtained from above the upper piston, a
duplicate suction going on at same time to supply such discharge, the fluid all
passing as above indicated. The different dispositions of the suctions and
discharges, before mentioned, are varied by altering the positions thereof,
and also of the valves, which are between the pistons instead of at the
extremes, as above described.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR WARMING FEET
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Francis Wheeler at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th January
1866.
I, JOHN FRANCIS WHEELER, of Ryde, Isle of Wight, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR WARMING FEET,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of an improved apparatus for
warming the feet in railway carriages or other vehicles.
The apparatus consists of a metallic case or chamber covered with felt or
other non-conducting fabric; the case is to be filled with hot water, and emptied
by means of an opening and a screw tap, plug, or cap at any convenient part of
the surface of the chamber. On the surface of the chamber are two recesses
presenting metallic surfaces for the feet to rest in.
The apparatus may be made of any form desired to fit the bottom of the
carriage or any portion thereof, and may be of any size, the object of the
Invention being to produce a portable foot-warming apparatus which may
be removed and replaced at pleasure.
The object of covering the metallic chamber with non-conducting fabric is
to prevent the radiation of heat, whereas the exposure of the metallic surfaces
to the soles of the boots permits of the conduction of the heat from the
chamber to the feet.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS OR IMPLEMENT FOR PLOUGHING, DIGGING, AND CULTIVATING LAND
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Halliwell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th August
1866.
I, JOHN HALLIWELL, of Baslow, in the County of Derby, Commission Wool
Buyer and Farmer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED APPARATUS OR IMPLEMENT FOR PLOUGHING, DIGGING, AND
CULTIVATING LAND," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the use of a "float" or digger attached to and
underneath a strong frame of wood (or other material) by two upright pièces
fixed one on each end of the float or digger, or the said float or digger may be
made of such length that each end may be turned upwards, forming the '
uprights, by which, and pins and holes in the sides of the frame, it may be
attached thereto. A number of "coulters" are fixed to a cross rail in front
of and parallel with the float or digger. A roller is placed across the frame
between the coulters and the float or digger, (or side wheels may be employed)
so that by means of the roller or the wheels and holes in the end pieces of
the float or digger and pins the float or digger may be adjusted to any depth
of cut desired. Near the back edge of the float or digger are a number of
bars or pins attached thereto at an angle, or sloping backwards from the
cutting edge or front of the float or digger, forming a grating through and

page_text: between which the soil passes, and is delivered in finely divided particles in
rear of the implement and stubble and weed on the surface of the soil. A
seat above the roller or over the float or digger is provided for the person in
charge of the implement, so that the horse or team drawing the same may be
driven.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TOP ROLLERS USED IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED FOR PREPARING FIBROUS MATERIALS TO BE SPUN
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Sutcliffe at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th February
1866.
I, JOSEPH SUTCLIFFE, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TOP ROLLERS
USED IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES, WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED FOR
PREPARING FIBROUS MATERIALS TO BE SPUN," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the covering of top rollers used in any of the
machines used for spinning or preparing to be spun cotton, silk, wool, or
other fibrous substances, and consists in covering them with caoutchouc
instead of leather, flannel, or such materials as are now generally used for
that purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONVEYING OF MATERIALS AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by William Simons at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd January
1866.
I, WILLIAM SIMONS, of the Town and County of Renfrew, North
Britain, Engineer and Ship Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONVEYING OF MATERIALS AND IN
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say:
The objects of this Invention are to effect the transport or conveyance
by sea of goods, such as coal, ironstone, or other minerals or materials, in
such manner that they may be sold at the places to which they are con-
veyed at a much lower price than at present. In carrying this Invention
into practice the vessels or barges for carrying the goods are formed with
a large open rectangular hold, which is fitted with a number of square
boxes or buckets which can easily be lifted or withdrawn. The vessel is
provided with steam engines and a propeller, the model and general
arrangement being such as to enable such vessels to proceed to sea with
conditions of safety equivalent to those of an ordinary seagoing screw
When it is intended to load one of these vessels or barges it is
brought alongside the wharf, and the coal, ironstone, or other material is
shot into it in the usual manner; thus each of the boxes or buckets pre-
viously placed in the hold becomes immediately filled, and in a very short
time the barge is loaded and ready to start. The port to which the cargo

page_text: is bound has the wharf by preference arranged with an elevated railway,
upon which a travelling steam lift is placed. The vessel or barge is
moved beneath the projecting end of this elevated railway, when the chain
of the steam lift is lowered and hooked by a bargeman to the balance
handle of one of the buckets, which is at once raised, and whilst thus sus-
pended is conveyed to a depot situated a short distance inland. In place
of using an elevated railway an ordinary crane may be employed for
raising the buckets or cases out of the barges. When arrived at the depot
the boxes are emptied by tilting or otherwise; the contents are then depo-
sited in the depot; the boxes being emptied, the lift immediately returns
them to their place in the barge or vessel, and as soon as the chain
is detached from an empty box it is immediately attached to a filled one,
which is raised and emptied and returned to the barge in the same manner.
In this way the whole of the boxes are rapidly emptied in succession, and
the vessel or barge is relieved of the cargo in a considerably less time than
under the present system, and may then proceed to sea.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING RAILWAY CARRIAGES UPON INCLINES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edward Newton at the Office
of the Commissioners of. Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd March
1866. A communication from abroad. by Theophile. Joseph Finet, of
Boulevard Beaumarchais, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING
RAILWAY CARRIAGES UPON INCLINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in propelling railway trains upon
inclines, and consists in an arrangement of apparatus in which a central rail
is employed instead of the ordinary traction rope. On this central rail two
horizontal wheels or rollers are caused to bite with greater or less adherence
according to the steepness of the incline, and on being caused to rotate will
draw the train up the incline. By this means much steeper inclines can be
travelled upon than by the ordinary mode of traction, and greater security to
the train is afforded, as it is less liable to give under the weight of the train
than a cable. The construction and mode of working is also much simplified.
The train is driven by means of endless ropes or cables passing round driving
pullies (actuated by any suitable motive power) at each end of the incline.
The ends of the rope severally pass round horizontal pullies set underneath
the body of the carriage, and which are thereby caused to rotate in contrary
directions. At. the lower extremities of the vertical shafts carrying these

page_text: pullies are mounted two pairs of horizontal wheels, which bear against the
sides of the central rail; or if greater power be required additional pressing
wheels may be employed, and connected by means of cranks with the first
pair. These wheels may be pressed against the central rail, either by means
of springs in the ordinary manner, or by an arrangement which consists in the
application of hydraulic pressure effected by means of a pump situate above
the carriage, by means of which water is forced down through pipes into
hydraulic presses below, the plungers of which act against a frame carrying
the biting wheels and press them against the central rail. The water pipes
leading to the presses on one side of the rail are made to communicate with
those on the other, so that the pressure shall always be uniform on both sides
of the rail. This is also advantageous in traversing curves, as the bearings
of the pressing wheels may thereby be made to assume any required position,
and, moreover, any want of water in the presses on one side will be supplied
from the water in excess on the other side, the pressure being at the same
time maintained uniformly.
In- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS POR COMPRESSING AIR BY MEANS OF WATER
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Ferdinand Dietrich at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th July 1866.
I, CHARLES FERDINAND DIETRICH, of Holloway, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby doclare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS POR COMPRESSING AIR BY MEANS OF WATER," to be as
follows:-
My Invention has for its object the compression of air for use as a motive
power in mines and other situations in which it is inconvenient to use steam
power.
The apparatus for this purpose consists of two reservoirs fitted vertically
and containing air, into which reservoirs alternately water is pumped or forced
from the bottom to the top, thereby driving out the air through a valve at the
top of one reservoir, while admitting a fresh supply of air through a similai
valve at the same part of the other reservoir, during the descent of the water
therein. The air as it is expelled from the water reservoir is forced through
valves and pipes into a third reservoir, in which it is thereby compressed.
The admission of the water into the two water reservoirs alternately is
effected by means of a slide valve working in a chest fixed between them,
with which valve chest are connected the several pipes leading from the pumps

page_text: into the chest, and thence to the bottom of the water reservoirs, and also
from the exhaust back to the water cistein. The slide valve is worked as
required by means of a small cylinder and piston at the bottom of each water
reservoir, into which cylinder water is admitted through a valve fitted between
the cylinder and the reservoir, which valve is opened by the rising of a float to
the top of the water reservoir, and is closed again by the pressure of water on
it when the float descends.
By this arrangement of apparatus air is compressed in a continuous process
by pumping or forcing water into the two water reservoirs alternately, the
apparatus being otherwise self-acting The arrangement of pumps may be
varied, and the water may in some cases be raised as required in the
water reservoirs by a column of water instead of by the action of pumps.
Another form of apparatus for the purpose of compressing air consists of
two cylinders, each of the same capacity as a pump, connected with them
respectively by pines In this case the air is forced out of each cylinder
alternately by the up and down strokes of the piston of the pump, and thereby
compressed in a reservoir connected by a pipe with the upper parts of the two
cylinders. As in the former instance, a fresh supply of air is admitted to the
cylinders alternately through a valve opening inwards, such valve being closed
by the pressure of the air outwards as it is acted upon by the water which is
raised in the cylinder. This apparatus may also be arranged so as to work the
pump by means of a column of water.
A NEW OR IMPROVED ARTIFICIAL COAL OR FUEL
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Francis Stoddard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th September 1866.
I, ARTHUR FRANCIS STODDARD, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "A NEW OR IMPROVED ARTIFICIAL COAL OR FUEL," to be as follows, that
is to say:
This said Invention has reference to the manufacture of "A New or Improved
Artificial Coal or Fuel," or illuminating gas producing agent or substance to be
used or employed for the production of gas for lighting or illuminating
purposes generally, and also to the means or apparatus employed therefor;
and it consists essentially in mixing the oily, fatty, pitchy, and other residues
of shale oil, petroleum, or other mineral oil, after their most valuable volatile
gases, spirits, and oils have been abstracted from them by distillation for
various useful purposes, with coal and coal dross or "slack," by preference in
a finely crushed or ground pulverised state as an absorbent, and so as to
saturate or moisten the coal with the said inflammable residues of mineral oils,
and which may either be used in this simple mixed state in some cases, or be,
as by preference, compressed or moulded into small blocks or lumps, either
with or without the application of heat to the mixture while being moulded or
compressed by such machinery as is at present employed for the manufacture
of other artificial fuels and of bricks, and in either of these states or forms
used as the new or improved gas producing coal or substance to be placed

page_text: into close retorts and treated for the production of illuminating gas by the
same or essentially similar means and apparatus as that at present employed in
the treatment of cannel coal and other bituminous or gas producing substances
for the production of gas for general illuminating purposes. And the said
illuminating gas so produced from this new or improved artificial gas producing
coal is or may be collected, conveyed, and used or burnt essentially in the
same manner as the gases now in common use for lighting purposes. The
grinding and mixing of the coal with the said residues of mineral oils may be
effected by the mills and other machinery at present used for grinding, mixing,
and moistening fire-clay and other substances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE WORKING AND DISCHARGE OF ORDNANCE BELOW THE WATER LEVEL
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Atkinson Longridge at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th February 1866.
I, JAMES ATKINSON LONGRIDGE, of Abingdon Street, Westminster, in
the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE
WORKING AND DISCHARGE OF ORDNANCE BELOW THE WATER LEVEL," to be as
follows:-
For discharging guns below water I make a port or hole in the side of
the ship at the depth desired, and fit and fix thereto a socket piece, through
which the muzzle of the gun is placed; this socket piece is furnished
with a sluice or slide valve fitted so that the opening can be closed at
pleasure when the muzzle of the gun is withdrawn. In addition to this
sluice I furnish the gun itself (if it be a breech-loader) with a sluice or
valve disposed near the muzzle, which closes the muzzle of the gun when.
required. The bore of the gun at the muzzle has an enlarged recess.
which receives a thin disc with an india-rubber washer or packing, which
makes the muzzle water-tight, so that when the gun is loaded and is
pointed through the socket hole or port no water can enter. When the
gun is fired the recoil causes the sluice or slide valve in the gun to be
detached, and so closes the bore, so that water can only enter to that point.
When the muzzle of the gun withdraws from the socket port the slide

page_text: valve therein also falls and closes the port. Thus any water entering will
only be the small quantity likely to enter as far as the inner slide valve and
contained between it and the outer slide or valve. In muzzle-loading guns,
instead of disposing the inner slide valve on the muzzle or chamber of the
gun itself I dispose it in a short length of tube, which forms as it were a
continuation of the gun, the inner end being provided with a socket to
receive the muzzle of the gun. This separate piece and continuation of
the gun barrel fits into and passes through the port socket as before
described with reference to the gun muzzle, and is furnished with the
recess to receive the closing disc presented to the external water. In
loading the gun is drawn back from contact with this tube or barrel of
continuation and so loaded at the muzzle. This tube, as also the gun in
the former case, is drawn back from the socket port for the introduction of
the closing disc, which is blown away every time of firing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas. Sagar and Thomas
Richmond at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Pétition, on the 13th October 1866.
We, THOMAS SAGAR, Machine Maker, and THOMAS RICHMOND, Manufac-
turer, both of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to
be as follows:-
This Invention is an improvement in the taking up of the cloth in looms
when weaving. The ordinary method of taking up the cloth is by means
of a driving beam or roller covered with emery, glass, perforated iron or fluted,
and it is well known. that cloth so driven by such beams is often very
materially damaged by having its surface made rough by the fibres of the
cloth being injured by the rough surface of the beam, whereas by our
improvements it is smoothed down as though it had been pressed. There
have been various attempts at effecting an improvement by having a rod or
roller pressed against the driving beam with the cloth pulling the roller down
towards the cloth beam, or having the roller connected to the cloth beam by
arms or links or other contrivance, and dragged down towards the cloth beam
as the same becomes increased in diameter by the cloth being wound-on..
Now we propose to apply a roller, by preference of iron, against the driving
beam, and resting upon brackets, so that in the event of the cloth being

page_text: unwound or liberated the roller will not fall away from the beam. The said
roller has no connection with the cloth beam; as the cloth comes from the
breast beam it passes outside the roller and over the driving beam (which we
use smooth instead of roughened as usual), and is itself pressed upwards
towards the breast beam with the full force of the tension of the cloth from the
breast beam against the smooth surface of the driving beam with sufficient
force to drive the heaviest goods without requiring any excessive pressure
from the cloth beam, which is placed below or against the driving beam.
The cloth being thus pressed between the hard smooth surfaces of the roller
and driving beam has a very much improved appearance put upon it. We
place the roller either in front of the driving beam or behind it, but if placed
in front it will require the driving beam to run the reverse way or towards
the back of the loom. We propose to place the roller below the centre of
the driving beam just a sufficient distance to allow the cloth outside the roller
and that portion of the cloth inside which is in contact with the driving beam
just to clear each other without rubbing together. We also confine the
roller against an inclined stop that has a tendency to force it against the
driving beam and towards the front edge of the breast beam, as by so doing
we obtain an increased driving surface of the driving beam to act upon the
cloth, especially if the roller be placed in front of the beam, which we prefer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF NAILS AND SPIKES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Mellor at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
January 1866.
.
I, GEORGE MELLOR, of the City of York, Mechanical Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF NAILS AND SPIKES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the machinery herein-after described for
pointing headed rods or blanks, and thereby converting them into nails or
spikes. The machinery constituting my Invention consists of a pair of
rolls turning on horizontal axes and geared together by toothed wheels, and
moving in opposite directions. In the cylindrical surface of each of the
said rolls a groove is made excentric to the axes upon which the rolls turn,
the said grooves being opposite to each other. An oscillating motion
through about a quadrant is given to the rolls by means of an arm on the
axis of one of the rolls being connected to a crank driven in any convenient
way. When the rolls have made their advance motion, that is, a motion by
which the opposed parts of the rolls are moving from the workman, the
deepest parts of the excentric grooves in them are brought opposite each
other, and when the rolls make their return motion, that is, a motion con-
trary to that described, the shallower parts of the grooves approach each
other and pass into the cylindrical surfaces of the rolls when the rolls have
made their complete return motion. In pointing a headed rod or blank by

page_text: the use of the said machinery the shank of the rod or blank is heated, and
when the rolls have made their advance motion and the space between the
grooves is widest the workman in front of the rolls introduces the heated
'rod or blank into the groove between the rolls, the head of the rod or blank
being turned towards the workman. The distance to which the blank is fed
into the machine is determined by an adjustable stop on either side of the
rolls. On the rolls making their return motion they seize the heated rod
or blank and point it and return it to the side of the rolls at which it was
introduced, the excentric grooves in the rolls first acting upon the stem
near the head, from which part they gradually shape it to the point. The
lateral spreading of the metal during the pointing is prevented by a collar
or flange on the end of one of the rolls working against the end of the
other roll. Instead of the one pair of excentric grooves described several
pairs of the said grooves of different depths may be made in the rolls, and
where it is required to point a large blank it may, be passed through the
several grooves in succession, and thereby gradually pointed. Instead of
employing rolls having flanges as described, cylindrical rolls without flanges
may be employed, the excentric grooves in which the blank is pointed
being made partly in one and partly in the other roll.
A COMBINED BATH, TRAVELLING TRUNK, AND SELF-ROCKING CRADLE
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Bailey at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
September 1866.
J, WILLIAM HENRY BAILEY, of the Albion Works, Salford, in the County
of Lancaster, Brass Founder and Steam Guage Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A COMBINED BATH, TRAVELLING
TRUNK, AND SELF-ROCKING CRADLE," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the construction of an article to be used
either as a travelling trunk, bath, or infant's cradle, which is designed to
supply a want long felt by families visiting the seaside or travelling about
the country with children, and the cost of which will be little more than
the price of either a bath, trunk, or cradle of the same size purchased.
seperately.
Now this Invention consists in constructing a bath of any convenient form
and of any suitable material, but by preference of sheet metal, with a lid which
can either slide or be hinged on the top so as to be removed altogether at
pleasure, having lugs at the sides through which straps may pass if deemed
necessary to bind the bath round when used as a travelling trunk.
This Invention further consists in constructing rockers of either wood,
metal, or any other suitable material to be applied to the bottom of the bath
when used as a cradle, the said rockers being provided with projectious which

page_text: pass into the lugs (otherwise used for the straps) on the sides of the bath; or
the bath may have small pegs or lugs projecting from the ends near the top,
and be arranged to swing in standards formed of either metal, wood, or other
suitable substance. It will be thus apparent that by placing a mattress and
pillow in the bath mounted on the detachable rockers or standards that a
cradle is formed, and when used as a travelling trunk the mattress may either
be strapped on the outside or be placed inside the trunk together with the
rockers or standards. It should be understood that a travelling trunk and
infant's cradle may be constructed on the same principle, but of such materials
as not to be suitable for a bath.
In order to make the cradle self-acting or self-rocking it may be connected
by a connecting rod to a piece of mechanism arranged to hang on the wall,
consisting of a crank or other similar motion and toothed wheelwork, to which
motion is imparted by a weight or spring which can be wound up to set the
cradle in motion.
IMMEDIATELY GIVING THE ALARM IN CASE OF FIRE IN ANY BUILDING OR SHIP WHATSOEVER OR WHEREVER IT MAY BE PLACED
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Benjamin Vaughan Arbucklo
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th September 1866.
I, GEORGE BENJAMIN VAUGHAN ARBUCKLE, of Little Heath, Charlton, Kent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMMEDIATELY GIVING
THE ALARM IN CASE OF FIRE IN ANY BUILDING OR SHIP WHATSOEVER OR WHEREVER
IT MAY BE PLACED," to be as follows:-
By changing the centre of gravity of a heavy body or heavy bodies motion
is generated and an alarm given. The means by which it is effected are
changes of temperature acting on a hermetically sealed bulb or hermetically
sealed bulbs of glass or other material containing quicksilver, liquid gas, &
air, or any of theso singly or in combination, or by means of the expansion
of quicksilver, only acting in a manner to be hereafter explained, so as to cause
the displacement of the centre of gravity of a body or bodies, by means of which
an alarm is given and notico made in any room, guard room, passage, either
near or remote, or in any part of a store, warehouse, mansion, or castle, and
thus the loss of life by fire & loss of property may be averted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Sutherland at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th September 1866.
I, FREDERICK SUTHERLAND, of King William Street, in the City of London,
Umbrella Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, first, to the sticks of umbrellas, and secondly, to a
method of holding together the tips of the ribs of umbrellas.
As regards the sticks of umbrellas the improvement consists in making the
same enlarged at certain parts thereof for the purpose of presenting a more
elegant appearance when the umbrella is rolled up, and as regards the tips or
ribs I propose to employ a sliding metal cap to embrace and hold together the
ribs by the tips thereof when the umbrella is closed.
The following is an example of the mode of forming the stick of the
umbrella and of adjusting thereto the top-notch, the runner, and the ribs,
according to this Invention, that is to say :-I form the top end of the stick
with a shoulder, against which the top-notch is fixed. I also propose to form
that portion of the stick situated be ween the top-notch and the stop of the
runner larger in diameter than the part on which the said runner slides up

page_text: and down, and the part forming the handle I form larger in diameter than the
last-mentioned part, so that when the umbrella is closed the ribs will lie close
against the stick near the top-notch, and will not "sag" or bend inwards at
such part as is now the case with umbrellas, in which the principal part of
the stick is made of uniform size or nearly so throughout.