IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Lee, Weaving Master, and Edwin Dawson,
Foreman Mechanic, of Tammerfors, Finland, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Sealed the 16th October 1863, and dated the 22nd April 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Lee and Edwin
Dawson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 22nd April 1863.
Wo, JAMES LEE, Weaving Master, and EDWIN DAWSON, Foreman Mechanic,
of Tammerfors, Finland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
The objects of our Invention are, first, to hold out the cloth or fabric while
in the act of weaving better than heretofore, and thus reduce the friction on
the yarn or warp threads by the reed, and thereby provent a great amount of
breakage of yarn.
Secondly, to keep the cloth or fabric in a straight line, and impart to the
selvages a forward as well as an outward motion, so that they are kept tight
and thereby enabled to resist the drag of the weft which takes place when
the shuttle is thrown from one side of the fabric to the other, by which means
a more even selvage is obtained.

page_text: Our improvements consist in the employment of one or more screwed rollers
with right and left threads, either of the ordinary V-kind or round topped, and
with single, double, or more threads, to present a greater or less angle to the
cloth or fabric; the said screwed roller or rollers is or are placed in a
suitable frame or frames bolted or otherwise fastened to any convenient part of
the loom, so that the screwed roller or rollers may be brought in contact with
each side of the cloth or fabric and driven by an intermittent motion transmitted
from any working part of the loom through or by wheels, levers, springs,
weights, chains, or any other suitable appliances which will drive the screwed
roller or rollers at a greater speed than the cloth or fabric is made.
We also employ a roller or rollers covered with a soft yielding substance,
such as india-rubber, gutta percha, leather, or other suitable material, which
roller or rollers is or are placed in the frame above mentioned, but on the
opposite side of the fabric to that of the screwed roller or rollers, and acts or
act to press the cloth against the screwed rollers to give them sufficient
hold on the cloth to produce the outward and forward motion before mentioned.
We fit a pinned roller in the same frame as the screwed rollers, between the
fell of the cloth and the screwed rollers, to assist the latter in holding out the
cloth or fabric.
.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Lee and Edwin Dawson in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 22nd October 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
LEE, Weaving Master, and EDWIN DAWSON, Foreman Mechanic, of Tammer-
fors, Finland, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said James Lee and Edwin Dawson, Her special licence that we, the said
James Lee and Edwin Dawson, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said James Lee and Edwin Dawson, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and

page_text: Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said James Lee and Edwin
Dawson, or one of us, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our, or one of our or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Lee and Edwin Dawson, do
hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed, that is to say :-
The objects of our Invention are, first, to hold out the cloth or fabric
while in the act of weaving better than heretofore, and thus reduce the
friction on the yarn or warp, threads by the reed, and thereby prevent a great
amount of breakage of yarn.
Secondly, to keep the cloth or fabric in a straight line, and impart to the
selvages a forward as well as an outward motion, so that they are kept tight
and thereby enabled to resist the drag of the weft which takes place when the
shuttle is thrown from one side of the fabric to the other, by which means a.
more even selvage is obtained..
Our improvements consist in the employment of one or moro screwed rollers
with right and left threads, either of the ordinary V-kind or round topped, and
with single, double, or more threads, to present a greater or less angle to the
cloth or fabric; the said screwed roller or rollers is or are placed in a suitable
frame or frames bolted or otherwise fastened to any convenient part of the loom,
so that the screwed roller or rollers may be brought in contact with each side of
the cloth or fabric and driven by an intermittent motion transmitted from any
working part of the loom through or by wheels, levers, springs, weights, chains,
or any other suitable appliances which will drive the screwed roller or rollers.
at a greater speed than that at which the cloth or fabric is made..
We also employ a roller or rollers covered with a soft yielding substance,
such as india-rubber, gutta percha, leather, or other suitable material, which
roller or rollers is or are placed in the frame above mentioned, but on the
opposite side of the fabric to that of the screwed roller or rollers, and acts
or act to press the cloth against the screwed rollers to give them suflicient
hold on the cloth to produce the outward and forward motion before
mentioned.

page_text: Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the accompanying Drawings are respectively a plan, a
view of the under side, and a side elevation of apparatus constructed according
to our Invention.
a is a roller (shown detached in Figure 4) with screw threads thereon,
and placed in a frame b, which is bolted to any suitable part of the loom.
The roller a has an intermittent motion imparted to it by means of a ratchet
wheel c and paul d, which is connected to an eccentric lever e, shewn detached
in Figure 5; this lever has a bearing f which takes into a slot 9 in a bent
lever h, shewn separately in Figure 6. To-and-fro motion is communicated
to the lever h from any convenient part of the loom. i, i, are apertures in
the foot of the lever h, to one or other of which the driving rod is connected
according to the speed at which the roller a is required to be driven, which
speed must be greater than that at which the cloth or fabric is made. Instead
of the arrangement shewn, intermittent motion may be imparted to the
roller aby springs, weights, chains, or other suitable appliances. is a
flute or groove we sometimes make, which extends the whole length of
the roller a for the purpose of preventing the india-rubber or other clothing
being stripped from the covered rollers; 1, 1, are the rollers covered with
india-rubber, gutta percha, leather, or other suitable yielding material, and
fitted in a frame m; these rollers are shewn with their frame in Figure 7:
they serve to press the cloth against the roller a to give it sufficient hold to
produce the outward and forward motion, as before mentioned. The pressure
exerted by the rollers 1, 1, against the roller a is regulated by a plate or bar n,
screwed up to the required extent against the frame m by a screw o, which
passes through the plate or bar into the frame b. By loosening this plate or
bar, the frame m may be separated sufficiently from the frame b for the cloth
to be inserted or withdrawn from between the screwed and the clothed rollers.
The cloth is shewn in red in Figure 3, it passes over the roller a, between
that roller and the rollers 1, 1, and thence to the cloth beam.
We fit two apparatuses, constructed as before described, to the loom, one
on each side, the screw threads on the roller of one apparatus being in the
reverse direction to the screw threads on the roller of the other apparatus.
And having now described the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, we declare that we claim as our improve-
ments in looms,―
First, the employment of one or more rollers with screw threads thereon,
and of one or more rollers covered with a yielding substance, substantially in
manner and for the purposes herein-before described and illustrated in the
accompanying Drawings.

page_text: Second, the means or appliances herein-before described and illustrated in
the accompanying Drawings for imparting an intermittent motion to the screwed
roller or rollers.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Lee, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of September, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-three.
JAMES LEE. (Ls.)