matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Johann Ernst Friedrich Lüdeke
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 18th April 1868.
I, JOHANN ERNST FRIEDRICH LÜDEKE, of Dransfeld, Hanover, in
the Kingdom of Prussia, but now residing at No. 281, New Cross
Road, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for
obtaining motive power. For this purpose I employ a tank containing
water; below the water level in the tank a cylindrical passage is
formed horizontally through one end of the tank; into this passage
a globular piston is fitted, so that whilst the piston is able to play
to and fro in the passage it prevents the escape of water from the
tank. A connecting rod jointed to the piston on its outer side
conveys its motion to a crank axis from which machinery may be
driven. To the piston on the inner side a tubular vessel is fixed; it is
slightly smaller in diameter than the piston and it is as long as the tank
admits. This tubular vessel being made of light material, and the water
being excluded from its interior, its free end or that at a distance from

page_text: the piston tends to float up to the surface of the water; this tendency is
however exactly balanced by a weight which is hung by a link from the
tube near the centre of its length. There is also attached to the tube by
a link at the same point a hollow float partly filled with air and partly
with water, and this float has a small passage in it at its under side, so
that as the float ascends in the tank and the pressure upon it decreases,
the air within it may be able to expand. To the outer end of the tube
a chain or cord is attached which passes over a pulley, and by applying
a weight or small force from time to time to this chain or cord the end
of the tube can be alternately raised and allowed to descend, another
small weight being used to cause its return. When the tube is in its
lowest position the pressure of the water on its end which is exposed to
it is considerable, and this pressure is available to move the piston
outwards. When the tube is raised its exposed end comes near the
surface of the water in the tank and the pressure upon it becomes
insignificant, and during this time the return of the piston to prepare
it for another stroke may be readily effected; also as the tube rises the
link by which the weight is hung to it assumes an inclined position such
that it assists in moving the piston outwards, and as the tube descends
the contrary action takes place.
The arrangement may be modified by mounting the tube in a sliding
frame and substituting springs for the weight, or the tube itself may be
made sufficiently heavy.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Bradley Ardrey and
Samuel Beckett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 29th January 1868.
We, SAMUEL BRADLEY ARDREY, of the City of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Machinist, and SAMUEL BECKETT, of the same
Place, Spindle Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists, first, in the application of a ring or plate of
metal, on one or both sides of the wheels, to which ring or plate is
attached the crank pin. In some
In some cases we make the nave of the
wheels of metal enlarged so as to admit of the crank pin being affixed
to the nave.
Secondly. In applying springs made of a form to give elasticity to
the carriage vertically and so as not to alter materially the positions
of the crank pin in relation to the connecting rod pin when in action.
Thirdly. In the application of a hollow bush or tube to the swivel
wheel, which with a bolt passing through it allows the pillar and stirrups
to be securely fastened together.

page_text: Fourthly. In making the stirrups for the feet of metal with a boss
or. projection through which the bolt of the swivel wheel is passed.
The stirrups may be set to any convenient angle and secured by the
bolt and nut of the swivel wheel.
Fifthly. In placing the spindles which connect the upper rail to the
seat of the carriage at an angle therewith so as to give additional length
and breadth between the rails of the carriage without increasing the
length or breadth of the seat.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE HAULING OR WINDING GEAR OF ENGINES USED FOR AGRICULTURAL AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hubert Ellis Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th March 1868:
I, HUBERT ELLIS SMITH, of Hereford Iron Works, in the Town and
County of Hereford, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE HAULING OR WINDING GEAR OF ENGINES
USED FOR AGRICULTURAL AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My improvements in winding gear are more especially applicable to
engines used for steam cultivation, and consist in mounting two drums
by preference horizontally on separate axes in a suitable framing carried
by the engine. Each of the drums is formed with a series of deep
grooves on its periphery, which grooves receive the rope as it passes
round the drums in a coil form one to the other; the number of coils
being determined by the friction required. By the employment of two
drums in the manner described the tractive power available for hauling
is greatly increased, as both drums are driven by the engines and act
together on the rope, the drums being connected together by chain or
other suitable gearing.
For steam ploughing or cultivating I use two engines, one on each

page_text: side of the field, both of which engines are furnished with a pair of
drums, the rope after passing several times round one pair of drums is
carried to those of the other engine, the ends being connected to the
cultivator or plough which is placed between the engines and also takes
up the slack of the rope. Rotary motion is transmitted to the drums
of each engine by bevil or other gearing operated by the engine on
which the drums are mounted, the action of which is as follows:-When
the one engine is drawing the cultivator towards it by rotating its drums
the other engine at the opposite side of the field is assisting the first
by winding the rope which passes from the cultivator round the drums
of the first engine and vice versa. If preferred one engine only may be
used, a movable anchor to pass the rope round being substituted for the
second engine; in either case the engine or engines move forward on
the completion of each traverse of the cultivator across-the-field. These
drums may also be employed with advantage in connection with hoisting
or other winding machinery.
THE APPLICATION OF A METHOD OR METHODS OF CONNECTING OR DISCONNECTING THE BELLOWS OR THE BELLOWS AND WIND CHEST WITH THE NOTES OR REEDS AND KEYBOARD IN CERTAIN MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hicks at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on. the 15th
May 1868.
I, JAMES HICKS, of 18, Ifield Road, Fulham. Road, Kensington, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "THE APPLICATION OF A METHOD OR METHODS OF CONNECTING OR
DISCONNECTING THE BELLOWS OR THE BELLOWS AND WIND CHEST WITH THE
NOTES OR REEDS AND KEYBOARD IN CERTAIN MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS," to be as
follows:-
1st. I make a small manual or keyboard of two and a half or more.
or less octaves of keys with pallets attached and a row of reeds to
correspond with the keys, and an air-tight chamber into which the
connection is to be made.
2. I then make a bellows and wind chest which are fitted in a box in
such a manner that they can be placed on the floor or elsewhere, and..
can be worked or actuated by the foot.

page_text: 3. I then make a hole in the end of the box into the wind chest
(No. 2), and also a similar hole in the end of the air chamber of
manual (No. 1).
4. I now make the connection by means of a tube of vulcanized
india-rubber or other tubes in each end of which is fixed a short brass b
tube made to fit the holes (3) in the manual (1) and the wind chest (2).
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MAKING OF TROWSERS AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MATERIALS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Cocks at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
March 1868.
I, JAMES COCKS, of 189, Regent Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Tailor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MAKING OF TROWSERS AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MATERIALS
FOR THE SAME," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to trowsers when worn with borders, and has
for its object an increased facility in cutting out the material and
adapting the trowsers to the shape of the figure.
The ordinary mode of manufacturing trowser materials is to make
the border at one side thereof, and in manufacturing materials known
as dressed or faced goods the border is made on each side, whereby
waste is necessarily produced in the making up.
Now my Invention consists in cutting out the material and making
up the trowsers in the ordinary way as without borders, and sewing
on the border independently and in any required position. By this

page_text: means in the case of dressed or faced goods, the ordinary waste of
the material which has to be torn off is obviated, as under my
Invention the making of a border at one side of the material is
sufficient in all cases, whatever may be the design or manufacture of
the material. Also by putting on the border independently, facility
is afforded for placing it in any required position on the leg of the
trowsers, and the effect of a raised border alike on both sides is
produced. The border may be varied in width and removed if required
without detriment to or derangement of the trowsers. It may also be
used for the purpose of enlarging or widening the trowsers if required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR BREAKING-DOWN COAL, STONE, AND OTHER MINERALS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Jones and Samuel Parker
Bidder at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 26th October 1868.
We, JOHN JONES, of Chestnut House, Stratford, in the County of
Essex, and SAMUEL PARKER BIDDER, the younger, of Hillfield, Mitcham,
in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR BREAKING-DOWN
COAL, STONE, AND OTHER MINERALS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in effecting the breaking-down of coal, stone,
and other minerals by means of either hydraulic power or by screw
power combined with a wedging action, in place of effecting such
operation by blasting as is at present the case.
Various arrangements of apparatus may be employed for carrying our
Invention into effect, but by preference we employ for this purpose
apparatus constructed as follows:-One or more tension bars or rods
are inserted into the hole cut in the coal or other substance, the outer
ends of which bars are connected to the cylinder of a hydraulic ram
or press, or to the framing carrying a screw spindle. Between the

page_text: tension bars are placed, firstly, a clearance box, and then two metal
blocks, between which are forced one or more wedges, actuated by the
said hydraulic press or screw spindle in such manner as to force the
metal blocks asunder, causing them to press with such power against
the sides of the hole in the coal or other substance as to break down
the mass desired to be removed. The wedge or wedges in acting upon
the metal blocks can pass beyond them and into the clearance box,
which thus allows them to impart a greater lateral motion to the metal
blocks than would be the case were the clearance box not employed;
it may however in some cases be dispensed with where no great lateral
motion is required. Two or more wedges may be forced successively
either between the metal blocks themselves or between the wedges
that have previously been forced in.
THE APPLICATION AND USE OF BUOYS AND SUBMERGED VESSELS FOR SUPPORTING OBJECTS AND ERECTIONS IN DEEP WATER
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Morris at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
June 1868.
I, THOMAS MORRIS, of Carlton Chambers, 12, Regent St., do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE APPLICATION AND USE
OF BUOYS AND SUBMERGED VESSELS FOR SUPPORTING OBJECTS AND ERECTIONS
IN DEEP WATER," to be as follows: -
I propose to make floats or vessels possessing considerable buoyancy,
and to partially immerse or totally submerge the same as may be
necessary for affording support to objects or erections in or above deep
water. I propose to effect partial or total submergence by the use
of cables, chains, rods, or other means, connecting the buoyant vessels
with weights, anchors, or fastenings resting upon or affixed to the under-
lying rock or water bed. The main body of the buoyant vessel being
kept below the level of more active agitation would be sufficiently
at rest to afford stationary support to objects and erections of com-

page_text: paratively small sectional area rising to or above the surface of the
water and the degree or quantum of support would be that of the
ascensive power of the immersed or submerged vessel or its resistance to
further depression.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ADHESIVE STAMPS, APPLICABLE FOR POSTAL, INTERNAL REVENUE, AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 25th September 1868. A communication from abroad by
Addison Calvin Fletcher, of the City and State of New York,
United States of America.
-
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ADHESIVE STAMPS,
APPLICABLE FOR POSTAL, INTERNAL REVENUE, AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
These improvements in postage, internal revenue, and other adhesive
stamps relate to a method of cancelling them, whereby on any attempt
to remove them from the documents or surfaces to which they have
been applied they will be so effectually mutilated and destroyed as to
make it an impossibility to use them a second time without detection.
The stamps are made with a hole or holes through the body, and are
covered or backed with tissue or other thin bibulous paper coated with
mucilage or other adhesive substance. Or the two pieces or layers of
paper of which the stamp is composed may be made to adhere by dry

page_text: pressing or otherwise, while the front surface or face of the stamp
together with the bibulous paper seen through the opening therein has
any suitable figure, vignette, or other device printed or otherwise
impressed thereon. On applying the mucilage or other adhesive sub-
stance to the back of the stamp a certain portion or portions of such
backing is or are insulated within the area of the holes made through
the face or stouter portion of the stamp that is separated so far as the
mucilage on the back is concerned from the remainder of the bibulous
paper by dividing borders having no mucilage or adhesive substance
applied to it, so that on any attempt to remove the stamp the rupture
of the tissue or bibulous paper around the insulated portion will be
secured. The stamp or face portion having the vignette or other device
upon it may be made of tissue or other light paper, and mounted on
stouter paper with mucilage applied to its back for the purpose of
sticking the stamp. A tape or thread is interposed between or across
the two layers with one or both of its ends protruding beyond the edge of
the stamp, so that in order to cancel the stamp it is only necessary to
lift and pull on the protruding tape or thread, and thereby to rip or
tear the face portion of the stamp.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING AND TWISTING MACHINES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Benjamin Gray at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th January 1868.
I, WILLIAM BENJAMIN GRAY, of Whiteabbey, in the County of
Antrim, in Ireland, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING AND TWISTING MACHINES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in a new and improved mode of preserving an
uniform tension of the thread or yarn during the filling of a bobbin.
This object is effected by the use of a metallic cylinder or tube of
appropriate length firmly fixed on the builder rail of a spinning or
twisting frame, and having at its base a rim, flange, or plate. Through
this cylinder or tube the ordinary spindle passes. The bobbin is fixed
upon a cylindrical lining of metallic substance fitting freely upon the
cylinder or tube. The cylindrical lining increases the friction caused by
the resistance of the cylinder or tube to the rotating bobbin, and the
increasing weight of the bobbin as it becomes filled secures a progressive
friction, which counteracts the increasing leverage of. the bobbin and

page_text: preserves the uniform tension desired. The resistance may be diminished
by lessening the surface of the cylinder or tube exposed to contact with
the lining; or it may be increased by the use of a leather or other similar
disc placed on the top of the rim, flange, or plate at the base of the
cylinder or tube, and of a wooden or metallic rim, flange, or plate at the
base of the cylindrical lining above mentioned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS OR FASTENINGS FOR DOORS AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 14th December 1868.-A communication from abroad by
François Nicolas Cauchemont and Francois Jean Baptiste Cauche-
mont, both of Amiens, France.
I, CLINTON EDGCUMBE BROOMAN, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman,
and Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOCKS OR FASTENINGS FOR DOORS AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing locks or fastenings with a
flush or non-projecting catch bolt, the object being to avoid the
inconveniences of a catch bolt with an inclined plane, and which always
springs out of its hole when the door is open.
According to one arrangement the ordinary parts of the lock are not
changed, except that the front portion of the catch bolt is flat and square
instead of being inclined. The essential novelty consists of a spring
plate which engages at the proper time with a stop on the catch
bolt and which produces the instantaneous release of the catch bclt

page_text: when the slightest pressure is exerted on the foot or free end of the
spring plate. The result of this arrangement is that while the door
remains open the catch bolt is concealed in the lock, being retained
by the spring plate, and as soon as the door strikes against its post the
spring plate is released and the catch bolt suddenly issues from the look
box, enters the aperture in the post, and thereby fastens the door.
According to another arrangement I dispense with the spring plate
before mentioned and utilize the neck (gorge) of the lock, on which I
form the stop of the bolt. The internal combination of the lock is
almost the same as heretofore. The neck is prolonged by a tail intended
to receive the action of a small lever, the end of which comes against
the post carrying the catch aperture when the door is closed. The catch-
..bolt-is-held-inside the lock by a spur which is the stop-of-the-locking-
bolt, and which attached at the extremity of the neck acts also on a
shoulder formed in the frame of the catch bolt. The lever has two
arms; it is fitted on one of the sides of the lock and oscillates round an
axis. One arm resting at the base of the lock against the end of the
tail of the neck_transmits--to-it-the movement communicated by the
pressure of the door post against the other arm of the lever. The result
of this pressure is that the neck rises and the spur no longer opposing
the movement of the catch bolt the latter obeys the action of its spring
which makes it issue immediately from the lock.
The improved locks or fastenings apply not only to doors, but also to
other purposes where such fastenings are or may be employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE VENTILATION OF HATS AND SIMILAR COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Dobbs and William Dobbs
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 25th February 1868.
We, JOHN DOBBS & WILLIAM DOBBS, of the City of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Hatters, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE VENTILATION OF HATS AND
SIMILAR COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD," to be as follows:-
In the ordinary leather band near the forehead we form a number
of transverse slots or spaces extending to about one-half the depth of
the band, and to that part of the band we attach a strip of silk or cloth.
Between the slots we place pads of felt or other similar material, and
connect all the pads to a ribbon, cord, or wire, the ends of which pass
through guides and extend a short distance beyond them, & these
pads can be moved to cover the slots partially or entirely or leave them
fully open. When the slots are open the air in its passage through the
hat impinges on the forehead and keeps it cool, but when the slots are
closed little or no air enters the hat.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COOLING LIQUIDS, IN CONNECTING PIPES OR TUBES THERETO, AND IN JOINING OR CONNECTING PIPES FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George William Cutmore at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition,
on the 12th June 1868.
I, GEORGE WILLIAM CUTMORE, of Holloway, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COOLING LIQUIDS, IN CONNECTING PIPES OR
TUBES THERETO, AND IN JOINING OR CONNECTING PIPES FOR OTHER PURPOSES,"
to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention consists in the construction of
refrigerators particularly applicable to the cooling of liquids generally,
such as water, wines, but more especially to the cooling or iceing of
beer as it is drawn from a beer engine.
The apparatus consists of a vessel formed of a series of coils, the
coils being by preference of a semicircular shape, and for this purpose
I prefer to make them from corrugated sheet metal bent and soldered
or otherwise secured together and with a metal lining thereto. An
inner vessel is thus made by the coils and lining, and forms a receiver
for ice or freezing mixture. The base of the vessel is provided with
a strainer on which the icc rests, and through which as it dissolves

page_text: the water passes, which is drawn off by a tap below. The vessel is
closed at top by a cap or cover. A pipe leading from the supply
(from a beer cask for example) admits liquid at the top of the vessel,
and a pipe is connected at the bottom for the exit of same after it
has passed and circulated through the coil, whereby the liquid is cooled
or iced by reason of the distance it has to travel round the ice in
the inner vessel. The apparatus may be surrounded by an ornamental
case or cover as fancy or taste may dictate.
The second part of my Invention consists in uniting the pipes or
tubes for supplying the apparatus with liquid or for withdrawing it
therefrom by means of a metal clip slipped over a piece of flexible
tubing passing over the ends of the pipes to be joined; the said clip
is provided with flanges which are pressed together and held by a nut
or screw, so that the clip holds the flexible tubing securely to the
pipes. This clip is applicable to all purposes where it is required
to connect two pipes together for the conveyance of liquids, gas, or
for other purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REGULATING AND WORKING THE VALVES OF STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Frederick Spencer at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 21st January 1868.
I, JOHN FREDERICK SPENCER, of Sunderland, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REGULATING
AND WORKING THE VALVES OF STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES," to be as follows:-
In January 1865 I procured Provisional Protection under No. 82 for
certain improvements in the valve gear of steam and other engines.
Among these improvements was the attaching the piston of a small
cylinder in which a pressure of steam, air, gas, or water is introduced
to the spindle or lever of the admission valves when worked by escape-
ment gear, so that such valves are closed by such pressure instead of by
weights or springs.
My present Invention consists of an improved arrangement in which
one side of the piston in the pressure cylinder just referred to is placed
in communication with the vacuum formed by an air pump or by any
other means, the other side of such piston being in communication with
the atmospheric or other pressure.

page_text: In the improved arrangement just referred to a piston working in an
air-tight cylinder is connected to the slide valve of a steam engine for
the purpose of closing the induction or steam ports (the exhaust or
eduction ports being worked by separate rods and gear) and the pressure
on such piston required to move the slide valve and close the steam port
is obtained by forming a vacuum on one side of such piston and using
the atmospheric or other pressure on the opposite side of the piston.
Such vacuum can be obtained either by a pipe attached to a condenser
or vacuous chamber or by the aid of the ordinary mechanical means for
obtaining a vacuum, such as an air
pump.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CRUET AND EGG FRAMES OR STANDS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Cadby at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
March 1868.
I, FREDERICK CADBY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Cut and Engraved Glass Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CRUET AND
EGG FRAMES OR STANDS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object the combination of an ordinary cruet
frame with an egg stand so as to form one stand or frame to serve for
each and both purposes. This may be effected by introducing a series
of intermediate rests, holders, or rings arranged between each of the
usual cruets or bottles around the frame upon the same line of circle
with or in advance of them, these intersecting rings or holders being
formed to receive the egg cups.
By another method I form a frame consisting of two tiers, the usual
cruets forming the upper and the egg cups the lower tier, or vice versà;
I also propose in some cases to make the combined frame capable of
disconnection if desired, so that the upper and lower portions are screwed
or otherwise portably secured together when required to be used in

page_text: combination, and are capable of separation when desirable to use either
alone. If requisite I can furnish the frames so made with loops or
catches to receive a number of egg spoons corresponding to the egg cups
used. These arrangements for combining cruet and egg frames or stands
will admit of much variation of form and outline.
AN IMPROVED VALVE MOTION APPLICABLE TO DIRECT-ACTION STEAM PUMPS AND SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Tomlinson Pendlebury
and Thomas Pendlebury at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 12th August 1868.
We, JOHN TOMLINSON PENDLEBURY, of Bury, in the County of
Lancaster, Machinist, and THOMAS PENDLEBURY, of the same Place,
Foreman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED VALVE MOTION APPLICABLE TO DIRECT-ACTION STEAM PUMPS AND SIMILAR
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The valve spindle is actuated partially by means of mechanism worked
by the piston rod and partially by springs which are so arranged that
the valve cannot come to rest in the position where it closes both steam
ports. We accomplish this as follows:-Upon the sides of the valve
spindle are formed inclined planes in opposite directions upon which the
springs act, small friction rollers being interposed. The effect of these
inclined planes and springs is that the spindle must move in either
one or other direction to the end of its stroke and cannot stop at any

page_text: intermediate position. A lever actuated by an arm on the piston rod
imparts motion to the valve spindle until the apex or the junction of
the inclined planes is pushed just beyond the point where the spring
acts, and the spring then completes the stroke.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF MECHANISM POR APPLYING AUXILIARY POWER TO SAILING SHIPS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Alexander at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
May 1868.
I, WILLIAM ALEXANDER, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Shipowner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF MECHANISM POR APPLYING AUXILIARY
POWER TO SAILING SHIPS," to be as follows:-
The advantages to be derived from the employment of auxiliary
power in sailing ships to propel them across calm belts. and during
adverse light winds, and also into and out of port, as well as under
various conditions have been generally acknowledged by ship masters
and others for a considerable length of time, but in consequence of
the objectionable manner in which the machinery has been arranged
for the purpose very little, if any, success has been acheived.
To provide efficient, simple, durable, and easily managed mechanism
so arranged that small or no cargo space shall be occupied, and capable
of being quickly adjusted at sea for use when required, is the object
of my Invention. For this purpose the steam winch or winding engine
now extensively used on board sailing ships or other motive power

page_text: is employed to operate by a train of wheels or other gear a lying
shaft. Such lying shaft can be placed in one of three position; first,
underneath the deck close to the deck beams; second, partly under
and partly over the deck; and, third, over the deck altogether. On
the ends of the said shaft I ship, when required, ordinary side paddle
wheels, or side paddle wheels fitted with reefing floats or arms to be
adjusted to suit the draught line. When winds are available these
paddle wheels are unshipped and stowed away inboard. Making the
paddle wheels removeable is an important feature of my Invention.
When the lying shaft is arranged in the position first above mentioned,
and that is the modification I prefer, notwithstanding that a small
extent of cargo space is occupied, the shaft would be supported in
fixed bearings and paddle wheels of minimum diameter used. Instead
of carrying the end of the shaft through the skin of the ship, I some-
times make the paddle wheels with thimbles or couplers, and these
are made to pass through openings in the skin of the ship and connect
on the ends of the shaft. When the said paddle wheels are not in
position for use the openings are closed by stoppers.
In the second arrangement above mentioned the said paddle wheels
would require to be made of larger diameter, but to compensate for
this scarcely any cargo space would be used.
And in the third arrangement the paddle wheels would be still larger;
the shaft as well as the paddle wheels could be removeable, or the shaft
might be boxed over; no cargo space would be appropriated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGNAL APPARATUS FOR THE PROTECTION OF PROPERTY AND GAME
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Burgess at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
November 1868.
I, WILLIAM BURGESS, of Hanley Castle, Upton-on-Severn, in the
County of Worcester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGNAL APPARATUS FOR THE PROTECTION OF PROPERTY
AND GAME," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an improved signal apparatus chiefly
applicable for the protection of property and game, by giving alarm
or warning of the presence of thieves, poachers, or other trespassers.
It consists of a barrel or tube provided with two projecting lugs which
slide on a vertical rod rising from the centre of a base plate suitably
fixed. An elbow piece projects from the vertical rod at its upper part
forming a fulcrum for a lever or trigger. One end of this trigger
takes under the upper projecting arm of the sliding tube, and supports
the latter in position near the upper end of the vertical rod by the aid
of a counterbalance weight sliding on the other end of said trigger.
At the base of the tube is a nipple communicating with the interior,
on which is placed a percussion cap, the whole being closed by a

page_text: conical or other shaped cap or cover provided with a central pin or
striker for acting on the percussion cap which ignites the charge
contained in the tube.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-A string is attached to
the counterbalance weight before mentioned as carried on the outer
end of the horizontal trigger or catch lever, and on said string being
touched accidentally or otherwise by a thief, poacher, or other person,
the counterweight is caused to slip off the trigger, thereby releasing
the charge tube, which slides down the vertical rod and is discharged
by the pin or striker before referred to coming in contact with the
base plate. The tube is then again charged and reset by bringing
it to the upper end of the vertical stem, and engaging the trigger with
the projecting lug on said tube as before described, the weight being at
same time replaced on the other end of said trigger. When the
apparatus is not required for use a safety pin is passed through the
vertical rod below the barrel to prevent its descent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BOILING ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUB- STANCES, AND FOR EVAPORATING THE SOLUTIONS OBTAINED IN SUCH PROCESSES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the '12th
February 1868.
I, JOHN SMITH, of Cheetham, in the City of Manchester, Bleacher,
Dyer, and Finisher, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BOILING ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUB-
STANCES, AND FOR EVAPORATING THE SOLUTIONS OBTAINED IN SUCH PROCESSES," to
be as follows :-
My Invention consists in the application of a closed vessel in which
a circulation of hot water or other liquid is kept up, as described in
the Specification of Letters Patent granted to me on the 3rd day of
August 1867, No. 2243, to boiling bones for extracting the size and
fatty matters, to boiling dye woods for extracting the coloring matters,
and for various other similar purposes where animal or vegetable
substances are required to be subjected to the action of boiling liquids.
When the apparatus is used for evaporating the solutions obtained in

page_text: the above-named process the manhole must be taken off or an outlet
provided for the escape of the steam. By means of these improvements
the offensive and injurious effluvia given off in the boiling of bones
and other processes are avoided or greatly diminished.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF RETAINING AND SECURING CORKS OR STOPPERS IN BOTTLES OR VESSELS CONTAINING AERATED LIQUIDS, AND IN APPARATUS CON- NECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lacey Davies at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st January 1868.-A communication from abroad by Richard
Scrivener, of New York, United States of America.
I, JOHN LACEY DAVIES, of the Firm of John Davies and Son, of
4, St. Ann's Square, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Patent
Agents, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF RETAINING AND SECURING CORKS OR STOPPERS
IN BOTTLES OR VESSELS CONTAINING AERATED LIQUIDS, AND IN APPARATUS CON-
NECTED THEREWITH," which has been communicated to me from abroad
by Richard Scrivener, of New York, United States of America, to be
as follows:-
The Invention relates to a novel method of securing corks or stoppers
in the necks of bottles or in the openings of other suitable vessels of
capacity containing liquids which are charged with compressed or fixed
air, and termed aërated or effervescing liquids, such corks or stoppers
having hitherto been bound by wire or string passing round the bottle
neck and over the cork, which requires untwisting or cutting to liberate
the cork, and becomes consequently unfit for use a second time.

page_text: The improvements consist in the novel employment and use of a
fastener permanently attached to the bottle and consisting of a strong
wire or plate bent or formed so as to extend down the sides of the
cork and the bottle, the middle portion against which the top of the
cork presses being waved or zig-zag in form, and the two extremities of
the wire or plate are turned outwards at right angles to form pivots
or hinges, which fit into eyelets or rings formed in a separate wire
encircling the bottle neck. When a cork is to be inserted the cap-like
wire or plate is turned downwards and the cork placed in the neck, and
the cap is placed over it in a vertical position again, the internal pressure
forcing the cork up against the plate or zig-zag wire across the top,
which retains it and prevents its escape. To liberate the cork the cap
is forced off the cork sideways as in the position for corking, and the
cork is expelled by the pressure in the bottle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST STEEL, AND IN WORKING FURNACES IN CONNECTION THEREWITH
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles William Siemens at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 5th May 1868.
I, CHARLES WILLIAM SIEMENS, of No. 3, Great George Street,
Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST
STEEL, AND IN WORKING FURNACES IN CONNECTION THEREWITH," to be as
follows:-
My Invention has reference to the process of making steel described
in the Specification to certain Letters Patent granted to me, and bearing
date the 21st August 1867, No. 2395, and consists in the addition of
certain materials to the bath of liquid metal in the furnace with the
view of removing from the steel impurities, such as silicon, sulphur,
and pholphorus. The material which I chiefly intend to use for this
consists of a mixture of oxide of lead (litharge) and of nitrate of soda
prepared by first fusing, say, ten pounds avoirdupoids of the nitrate, and
dropping into it from 20 to 30 pounds of litharge, which upon cooling
forms a cake of a specific gravity superior to that of the liquid metal.
In throwing such cakes into the liquid bath near the end of the
:

page_text: operation of melting a powerful ebullition is set up, and while the
oxygen set free attacks the carbon and silicon, the metallic lead and
soda will combine the one with the sulphur and the other with the silica
produced, and, to a certain extent, with phosphorus, which bodies will
appear on the surface in the form of slag; the metallic bath may there-
upon receive an admixture of ferro-manganese, or be treated in any other
suitable known manner. When the cakes are thrown in I open a com-
munication from the furnace or heated chamber to a condenser com-
municating with the chimney, closing at the same time the ordinary
communication to the chimney through the regenerators of the furnace,
the object being to condense the surplus litharge and alkaline vapours,
which would otherwise attack the brickwork composing the regenerators.
The condensed litharge may moreover be used again and again. Other
substances, such as stannates, manganates, and titanates, or the metallic
acids or oxides uncombined, may also be used with advantage for the
above purpose.
Instead of forming the substances into cakes they may also be used
in a loose form, or they may be enclosed in canisters of iron, lead, or
other metal. Instead of using nitrate of soda other salts or oxides of
soda, potash, or lime may also be used, and the mode of operating may
also be otherwise varied in employing my before-described process.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING WOOL OB. OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William James Hanson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th July 1868.
I, WILLIAM JAMES HANSON, of "The Royds," Rawfolds, Cleckheaton;
in the County of York, Dyer, Printer, and Stover, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING WOOL OB. OTHER
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the dyeing of hanks or slivers of wool or
other fibrous substances, and the object is to prevent them being rubbed,
strained, or broken during the process of dyeing, and the improvements
consist in enclosing, wrapping, or covering the said hanks or slivers with
netting, or netted fabric, canvas, or other open fabric.
The application of this covering may be effected by any suitable or
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF: BOBBINS FOR THREAD OR FOR SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Tyson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th June.
1868.
I, JAMES TYSON, of Spark Bridge, near Ulverstone, in the County of
Lancaster, Bobbin Turner, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF:
BOBBINS FOR THREAD OR FOR SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the roughing or forming: the blocks-
from which to manufacture bobbins, and the boring such blocks at one
operation, which I effect by means of a tubular saw having a revolving
and reciprocating motion applied thereto, so as to pass along or through
a block of wood held in position by a toothed instrument. Inside the.
tubular saw and advancing therewith is a boring bit so as to bore a hole--
through the centre of the block at the time the tubular saw is forming.
the outside thereof. The block is removed and another is advanced; and;

page_text: pressed to the toothed instrument above mentioned by means of weights,
and held there until traversed by the tubular saw and boring bit as
above described. This apparatus may readily be arranged or constructed
to operate on two or more blocks at one time.
A NEW OR IMPROVED SAFETY STAY FOR THE SHAFTS OF CARRIAGES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Piercy at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
November 1868..
I, GEORGE PIERCY, of Halifax, in the County of York, Coach Builder,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR
IMPROVED SAFETY STAY FOR THE SHAFTS OF CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of a safety shaft stay constructed and applied to
the carriage in the manner herein-after described. The shafts of four-
wheeled carriages are jointed to the wheel iron of the carriage by means
of a cross bolt, by which means the shafts are capable of being raised
into a perpendicular position. The shafts having no support are liable
to fall backwards against the dashboard, or forwards by their own
weight.
The object of my Invention is to remedy this inconvenience and to
secure the other advantages herein-after referred to. In constructing
a safety shaft stay I joint one end of a flat bar or plate of iron herein-
after called the stay to the outer wheel iron of the shaft by means of the
bolt commonly called the "dragon tongue" bolt, the said stay being

page_text: capable of turning in a vertical plane upon the said bolt. The other
end of the stay is connected to the shaft at the distance of a few inches
from the shaft bolt by means of a light collar bolt. The said collar bolt
works in a slot in the end of the stay, the head of the said collar bolt
bearing against the outer side of the stay and a collar and curved washer
bearing against the inner side of the said stay. The said stay is thus
held with considerable friction between the head and loose collar of the
collar bolt. By tightening the head of the collar bolt of the stay the
amount of friction by which the shaft is held by the stay may be
determined at pleasure. By this arrangement the shaft is capable of
being raised from a horizontal to a vertical position and is supported in
any position between the horizontal and vertical to which it is raised
without risk of falling. When the shaft is in a horizontal position the
stay described covers the head of the shaft bolt, thereby preventing the
displacement of the said bolt and the detachment of the shaft from
the carriage. The stay also adds to the strength of the shafts and
prevents them closing and nipping the horse's shoulders.
Safety shaft stays constructed according to my Invention can be
adapted to any carriage as they are fixed to and removed with the shafts.
My Invention is applicable to all carriages in which the body of the
carriage is not preserved in a horizontal position by the shafts.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRING STUDS APPLICABLE FOR UNITING AND SECURING TOGETHER WRISTBANDS, SHIRT AND DRESS FRONTS, COLLARS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OR PARTS OF DRESS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Taylor at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
July 1868.
I, ALFRED TAYLOR, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Jeweller, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRING STUDS APPLICABLE FOR UNITING AND SECURING TOGETHER
WRISTBANDS, SHIRT AND DRESS FRONTS, COLLARS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OR
PARTS OF DRESS," to be as follows (that is to say):
-
In giving effect to my Invention I require by preference two slots or
button holes to be formed in the garments, or parts of garments, or other
articles of dress to be held together; and my improved stud consists in
a top and bottom part retained together by a concentric spring shank
in the top part passing down a concentric tube in the other part, that
when the two are put together they will be so retained until relieved by
pressing on the spring; but in order that each part of the stud may be
applied to a garment in position for use an intermediate disc or collar
is placed upon the tube of a sufficient distance from the base to allow
the fabric to be between them; thus it may be applied or removed as

page_text: an ordinary button or common stud when desired, and the top part of
the stud having a corresponding collar around the spring shank permits
also of similar attachment. These parts of my improved stud so applied
have only to be brought concentrically over each other (such as, for
instance, in fastening a glove) and the spring shank passed down into
the corresponding concentric tube, when the fastening will be complete,
but which may be relieved and separated by simply pressing on an
angular projection formed on or applied to the spring shank.