IMPROVEMENTS, IN HYDRAULIC ENGINES AND METERS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to David Joy, of Leeds, in the County of York,
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS, IN HYDRAULIC ENGINES
AND METERS."
Scaled the 8th September. 1859, and dated the 14th March 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said David Joy at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th March
1859.
I. DAVID JOY, of Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of. the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC
ENGINES AND METERS," to be as follows:-
The first part of this Invention applies equally to motive power engines and
meters, and consists in making the working cylinder of the machine reci-
procate within a chest, while the valve for induction and eduction remains
stationery. The cylinder is moved at each end of the stroke either by
mechanical means like a valve; or, in revolving engines, by the piston itself
coming in contact with the end of the cylinder; or it works in the two ends
of the chest. like a piston, and is moved by the water being admitted 'alter-
nately into either end of the chest; or it is hung in the chest between two.
diaphragms, and the water admitted, as before, between the diaphragms 'and
the. ends of the chest.
The second part of this Invention relates to the ordinary form of hydraulic
hoist and water engines; and consists, firstly, in the use of two or more
Price L

page_text: cylinders and rams working within each other telescopically. which forms a
hoist of various powers, the water being admitted to any of the cylinders
according to the weight required to be lifted; secondly, in these and the
ordinary form of engine. when I use a slide valve, I place on the back of that
valve one or more small clack valves over that part which closes the port at
lap, as relief valves to the port when thus covered.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said David Joy in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 14th
September 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DAVID
Joy, of Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer. send greeting.
WHEREAS Iler most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria. by Her. Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year
of Her reign, did. for Ilerself, IIer heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said David Joy, Her special licence that I, the said David
Joy, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I. the
said David Joy, my executors. administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others. from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use. exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HYDRAULIC ENGINES AND METERS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said David Joy, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I. the said David Joy. do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):-
.
The first part of this Invention applies equally to motive power engines
and meters, and consists in making the working cylinder of the machine
reciprocate within a chest, while the valve for induction and eduction remains

page_text: stationary. The cylinder is moved at each end of the stroke either by
mechanical means like a valve, or. in revolving engines. by the piston itself
coming in contact with the end of the cylinder: or it works in the two ends
of the chest like a piston, and is moved by the water being admitted alter-
nately into either end of the chest: or it is hung in the chest between two
diaphragms, and the water admitted, as before, beiween the diaphragms and
the ends of the chest.
The second part of this Invention relates to the ordinary form of hydraulic
hoist and water engine: and consists, firstly. in the use of two or more cylinders
and rams working within each other telescopically. which forms a hoist of
various powers. the water being admitted to any of the cylinders according to
the weight to be lifted; secondly, in these and the ordinary form of engine,
when I use a slide valve, I place on the back of that valve one or more small
clack valves over that part which closes the port at lap, as relief valves to the
port when thus covered.
The first part of my Invention relates to hydraulic engines of the cylinder
and piston construction (reciprocating), and also to water meters of a similar
construction. My improvements consist in making the cylinder moveable
to a limited extent in the same line as the piston, within a chest or chamber
common to both cylinder and valve or slide. and in which what usually
answers the purpose of a valve or slide or valves or slides for admitting and
providing exit for the water or other fluid to and from the piston is stationary.
The cylinder may be actuated by an excentric or cam on the rotating shaft
(in water engines), or by the piston coming alternately in contact with each
end of the moveable cylinder before the termination of the stroke. thereby
opening the whole or a portion of the port as lead." the remaining opening
being effected by the water thus admitted during the period that the piston is
commencing its return stroke; or by admitting the water through a seperatc
moveable slide or valve alternately between the ends of the cylinder and chest.
such valve. slide, or cock being wrought by the motion of the piston at the
termination of its stroke. This latter plan is illustrated in Sheet 1, Figs. 1.
2, 3, and 4. where a is the cylinder sliding at each end in cylindrical recesses
b', b, in the chest b. which contains the inlet water; c is the valve, with outlet
at d; the course of the water is indicated by the arrows: e is a small supplemental
valve, which is worked by the rod and tappet f. f: by the arm g on the piston
rod this valve admits and educts the water alternately from the ends of the
chest at b, b, thus causing the cylinder to reciprocate and open the ports c'
and c alternately to the water in the chest b, while the opposite port is open
to the valve c for exhaust; is the regulating cock. When arranged for a

page_text: water meter,. instead. of sliding the cylinder in the two ends of the chest. T
suspend it between them on two diaphragms of elastic material, as shown ai
Sheet 2, Figs. 1 and 2, where a is the cylinder suspended by the diaphragms
a', a, between the two ends of the chest b, the spaces b', b", serving instead of
the cylindrical recesses in the other engine. The bottom of the chest is here
made to serve for the valve. with the outlet ports at c and c¹, the ports in the
cylinder serving for both inlet and outlet are marked , and d". The supple-
mental valve e is in this case placed between the face of the cylinder and that of
the ports or outlet. and is moved by the piston coming in contact with the tappets
el, el, sliding through a slit in the cylinder, but kept closed by the face of the
valve: this supplemental valve. as before, admits and educts the water
alternately between the ends of the cylinder and the ends of the chest, and so
canses the cylinder suspended by the diaphragms to move over the ports in
its back, opening alternately the two ends of the cylinder to the inlet water in
the chest b, and at the same time allowing the exhaust water to escape at the
opposite port through the valve e. The piston slides loosely upon a bolt, which
holds the cylinder ends and diaphragms together; ¡ is the inlet and the outlet.
The measure is obtained by counting the strokes or movements of the cylinder,
which is done by attaching a counter to the pin h, which is pushed out by
every movement of the cylinder towards that end of the chest, and is returned
by a spring.
The second part of my Invention relates to hydraulic hoists, and is also
applicable to presses in which the pressure of water is applied to raise or lower
weights, or compress merchandise or other material, and consists of two
varieties of combination: first. those in which two or more moveable rams
are arranged concentrically within one external cylinder or as may be trans-
posed in reverse," having two or more concentric cylinders moving upon ono
central ram in such a manner that the. pressure of the water or other fluid can
be admitted either upon the effective area of the central ram or cylinder only
or upon the others successively and additionally. thus to accomodate the
amount of effective area upon which the pressure of water is allowed to operate
to the amount of resistance to be overcome. This is shewn in Sheet 3, Figs. 1
and 2. where a', a", are the rams in the cylinder b, and c is the valve admitting
water either to a¹ alone, or to a' and a" conjointly, and so on for any series; i is
the inlet for water and k the outlet. These hoists or lifts or presses may be
fixed vertically or horizontally or in any other. convenient position. In all
cases the moving parts are free to act, and are restrained only by the non-
admission of the hydraulic medium, the effective area of such rams or
cylinders being open to receive water freely back again from the exhaust,

page_text: when not otherwise open to the pressure from which the mouve power is
derived.
The other arrangement for effecting the same object is shewn in Sheet 4,
Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, applicable as before described. It consists in so arranging
the effective areas of the rams and cylinders that the pressure of water can be
admitted exclusively upon any one of them or upon any greater number
collectively. The relative proportion of these effective areas may be constructed
as is most convenient, but I prefer to make them when there are two in the
ratio of one to two, and when there are three in the ratio of one, two, and
three, and so on; thus, in the former instance, a choice of three powers can be
obtained, viz., 1 and 2, and 1 plus 2 equal 3, and in the latter case 6 powers
can be obtained, viz., 1, 2, and 3, and 3 plus 1 equal 4, and 3 plus 2 equal 5,
and 3 plus 1 plus 2 equal 6.
The admission of water upon the seperate areas can be effected by suitable
valves, slides, or cocks, as are most convenient. In Sheet 4, Fig. 1, is repre-
sented an hydraulic hoist of three powers, as arranged vertically upon its own
fixed base; Fig. 2 illustrates one of similar powers for pressing; and the
same letters of reference apply to both. A is the smaller effective area, and B
the greater; the port C admits water to A, and D to B, by the slides E; F is
the outlet water passage; and G. G. the levers for actuating the valve: H, H,
are the pullies for multiplying the stroke: and K, K. the endless rope or
chain. Figs. 3 and 4 represent machines of a similar class, having additional
varieties of power. A further distinctive feature in this Invention consists in
disposing the rubbing surfaces of such rams, cylinders. or pistons at such
distances from each other in the line of their motion (generally about the
length of the stroke apart) as to give the necessary guidance to keep the
moving parts in one common centre line. without the necessity of any further
slides or guides to preserve the rams. cylinders. or pistons in their correct
positions for a free action under the influence of the water upon- cach or any
of them: but in my arrangement as above described. I still reserve the power
in certain cases to keep the surfaces in contact nearer together in the line of
their motion, as shewn on Sheet 4, Fig. 3. and to apply a guide as shewn, or
in any other convenient manner. In cases where it is necessary to increase
the stroke developed by such apparatus, or where the distance to be raised or
lowered exceeds the stroke of the rams or cylinders, it is convenient to apply
blocks or pullies with ropes or chain; I apply in some cases a continuous rope
or chain of twice the length and half the strength, with twice the usual
number of fixed and moveable pullies, as shewn in Fig. 1, and thus neutralize

page_text: any oblique strain upon the moving parts, and prevent any tendency in them
to deviate from the proper centre line of motion.
In Sheet 3, Figs. 3 and 4, I shew the arrangement of relief valvos t, u, on
the slides for relieving the pressure in the cylinder when the valve is at
cover.
Having thus described the nature and particulars of my said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be performed. I desire it to
be distinctly understood that I do not confine myself to the exact details
herein set forth; 'but I claim as of my Invention, and which to the best of
my knowledge and belief has not been hitherto used within the realm.
First, the arrangement of hydraulic engines and water meters. where the
cylinder is made to reciprocate instead of the valve for alternating the flow of
water to and from the two ends of the cylinder. whether the cylinder be
moved by an excentric or cam. or direct from the piston or piston rod, or by
The admission of water upon its alternate ends.
Secondly, the use of two or more cylinders and rams working within each
other, on which the water is admitted consecutively and additionally. for pro-
ducing varied powers, which 1 further effect by disposing such cylinders and
rams as to receive the water upon any one of them exclusively or upon any
-number of them, as described.
Thirdly, the addition of a relief valve or clack upon the slide valve, as
shewn, opening back upon the water pressure, and delivering either into the
chest or into the exhaust.
In witness whereof. I, the said David Joy, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Thirteenth day of September. in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the within-
naimed David Joy in the presence of
E. J. HUGHES. Patent Agent.
Manchester.
DAVID JOY. (L.S.)