IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS FOR Burning BrickS, POTTERY, AND LIME
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Benjamin Wrigley, of 8, Arundel Street, Strand,
in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN KILNS FOR Burning BrickS, POTTERY, AND LIME.”
"
Sealed the 20th October 1871, and dated the 22nd April 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Benjamin Wrigley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd April 1871.
I, BENJAMIN WRIGLEY, of 8, Arundel Street, Strand, in the County
5 of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS FOR BURNING BRICKS, POTTERY, AND LIME,” to be
as follows:-
be
This Invention relates to an improved construction and arrangement
suitable for the drying and burning bricks, tiles, and earthenware,
) whereby the heat generated in one chamber or compartment may
transmitted into other chambers or compartments constituting the kiln.
According to this Invention I construct my improved kiln of a series
of arches (by preference seven or more) built in a straight line, and
each constitutes a separate chamber or compartment of the kiln, and the

page_text: centre walls which carry the arches form division walls between the
chambers, and in which are suitable openings provided with dampers to
pass forward the heat from one chamber to another.
This Invention further relates to the arrangement of the flues under-
neath the chambers whereby the floor of the kiln rests entirely upon
arched flues, and in each chamber are several openings with the flues
provided with dampers to open or close the communication with the
chimney, and the whole of the flues pass underneath the kiln floor in
a direct line to the chimney, and by a peculiar arrangement of dampers
at the end of the kiln the heat is returned from the last chamber or
any other in the series back again into the first chamber.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Benjamin Wrigley in the Great Scal Patent Office.
on the 21st October 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, BENJAMIN
WRIGLEY, of 8, Arundel Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto him, the said Benjamin Wrigley, Her special licensc
that he, the said Benjamin Wrigley, his executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as he, the said Benjamin Wrigley, his executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
KILNS FOR BURNING BRICKS, POTTERY, AND LIME," upon the condition
(amongst others) that hc, the said Benjamin Wrigley, his executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under his, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent.

page_text: .
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Benjamin Wrigley, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement and the accompanying Drawings, that is to
say:―
My Invention relates to an improved construction and arrangement
suitable for the drying and burning of bricks, tiles, and earthenware,
whereby the heat generated in one chamber or compartment may
be transmitted into other chambers or compartments constituting the
kiln.
. According to this Invention I construct my improved kiln of a series
of arches (by preference seven or more) built in a straight line, and
each constituting a separate chamber or compartment of the kiln. The
walls which carry the arches form division walls between the chamber,
and in such walls suitable openings are provided with dampers to pass
forward the heat from one chamber to another.
This Invention further relates to an arrangement of the flues under-
neath the chambers, whereby the floor of the kiln rests entirely upon
arched flues. In each of the aforesaid chambers are separate openings
and connections downwards into the flues provided with dampers to
open or close the communication with, the chimney. The whole of
the flues pass underneath the kiln floor in a direct line to the chimney,
and Oy a peculiar arrangement of dampers at the end of the kiln the
heat is returned from the last chamber or any other in the series back
again into the first chamber.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood I
shall now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that
purpose shall refer to the several Figures on the annexed Sheet of
Drawings, the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts
in all the Figures.
Fig. 1 in my Drawings represents a transverse vertical section of my
improved kiln taken through one of the chambers or compartments
shewing the descending passages communicating with the chimney
flues and the openings in the division wall communicating with the
heat chamber; Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section taken on the
line 1, 2, in Fig. 1, showing the series of arched chambers of which

page_text: the kiln is composed, the flues to be below the kiln floor, and some
of the connections between the chambers, as also the connections
between the chambers and the flues below; Fig. 3 is a sectional plan
of the kiln taken on the line 3, 4, shewing also the series of chambers,
division walls, and the several connections; Fig. 4 is a sectional ground
plan of my improved kiln taken on the line 5, 6, shewing the flues
underneath the kiln floors.
A, A, are the drying and burning chambers of the kiln, which
are divided from each other by permanent division walls a, a, with
openings a¹ for enabling the heated products of combustion to pass
freely from one chamber to another; b, b, b', b¹, are the chimney flues
to carry off the smoke or vapour communicating directly with the
chimney; c, c, c², c¹, are lateral descending flues of each chamber, two
of which c, c, lead into the outer main flues b, b, and two into the inuer
main flues b¹, b', underneath the kiln floor; d, d, are dampers placed in
the lateral descending flues c to open or close the communicaton between
the chambers and chimney flues; e, e, are the division walls between
the main flues underneath the kiln which are arched over; f, f, are
dampers used for the purpose of returning the heat from the last or
any other chamber in the series into the first; and 9, 9, are openings
used for the same purpose; h, h, are cart openings into each chamber;
i, i, the stoke holes through which fuel is introduced amongst the bricks
whilst being burnt; k, k, are fire-places in the first chamber. The con-
necting openings a, a, in the division walls between the chambers, also
the openings or flues descending to the main flues and the openings g, I,
for return of the heat to the first chamber, are all provided with dampers
placed and connected suitably to be adjusted from the outside of the
kiln when required. When two or three chambers are filled with bricks
ready for burning Number One chamber is fired and the four dampers
into the chimney flues are opened to carry off the steam and smoke, and
when this is got rid of the dampers in the openings a' in the division
wall are opened and the heat passed forward into Number 2 chamber
and the dampers at c, c, c¹, c', are opened, communicating thereby
with the main chimney flues, the dampers in Number 1 chamber being
closed. When the first chamber is or some of the first chambers are
fired the dampers f,f, of the inner main flues b¹, b', are opened and
the front dampers in g, g, closed, smoke and other products of com-*
bustion passing off to the chimney through all the four flues beneath.
When the bricks in the first chamber or chambers have come to a clear

page_text: heat the dampers f, f, in the inside flues b', 6', are closed and the
dampers 9, 9, leading up from the inside flues 6', 6', into the first
chamber of the kiln are opened so as to cause the heat generated in
the successive chambers and descending through the openings c¹, c¹,
into the inner fluos b', 6', to return to the front and upward through
the openings 9, 9, again into the first chamber, thereby establishing
a perfect circulation throughout the kiln. After this return of the
heat to the first chamber has begun the smoke and first products of
combustion are passed from each successive chamber fired only through
the side descending flues c, c, the opening c¹, o³, being closed during
that time. These processes are continued through the series, and during
which operation some chambers are being filled with green bricks,
others burning, and some being discharged, and so on alternately.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider
to be novel and original, and claim as the Invention secured to me by
the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent 'is, the peculiar form
and manner in which my kiln is constructed, the placing of the chimney
flues underneath the kiln floor, and the communications therewith,
the arrangement by which a return of the heat from any of the chambers
following the first back to the first is effected, and the novel arrangement
of dampers and flues in general by which a continuous system of
working is given to my improved kiln, and the whole being arranged
and worked as and for the purpose herein-before described and illustrated
by my Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Benjamin Wrigley, have to this
my Specification set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of
October, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
Witness,
WM. HY. DAWSON,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.
BENJAMIN WRIGLEY. (L.S.)