matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRACE BUCKLES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by James Tyrer at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
October 1870.
I, JAMES TYRER, of Wills Street, Aston Manor, in the County of
Warwick, Commercial Clerk,, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRACE BUCKLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of the following, reference being made to
accompanying Drawings:-
I take two pieces.of thin metal, one piece called the back or under-
part, Fig. 1 (to which the ordinary ring or hook of the lever and other
buckles is attached), the other piece is called the front or upper part,.
Fig. 2. In the back part I make two slots, the top slot No. 1 sufficiently:
wide to take the web, the other or lower slot No.. 2. wide enough to.
take the web and front piece of metal. The front part has. one slot.
corresponding with No. 1 on back part, the front part is loosely passed.
through about one-third of its length through slot No. 2 of the back
part, it is prevented slipping out by turning back two ears. The web,
is then passed from behind through the slot No. 1 in both back and
front pieces of metal, and through slot 2 in the back part and over

page_text: face of the front or upper piece of metal, the tension of the web pressing
on front part pinches or locks it between the two pieces of metal and
renders it immovable. Or I make the back or under part with only one
slot, and the front or upper part without any, and pass it through the
back, preventing it slipping out by turning the ears back, the web passed.
through the slot in back and over face of front metal through the slot
again, the tension of the web renders it immovable as in the former
method.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS FOR TRACTION STEAM ENGINES AND OTHER HEAVY VEHICLES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Shanks at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th May
1870.
I, JAMES SHANKS, of Arbroath, in the County of Forfar, North Britain,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WHEELS FOR TRACTION STEAM ENGINES AND OTHER HEAVY VEHICLES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in making the outside rims of the wheels of
traction steam engines and other vehicles of strong leather placed on
edge in sections, the sections resting or not upon springs, and being
capable of being set up or adjusted by means of adjusting screws to
compensate for wear.
AN IMPROVED WATER GUAGE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Kidd and George
Bourne at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 17th September 1870.
We, EDWARD KIDD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, and GEORGE BOURNE, of the same Place, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED WATER
GUAGE," to be as follows:-
In the construction of our guage for indicating water in steam boilers
we cast a cylinder of metal and by means of cores form a central recess
or chamber with a series of openings therein. Two of the said openings
are opposite each other, one of these is wholly or partially screwed
interiorly for the reception of a bolt, which is also screwed at one end
contiguous to its head; at the other end of the said bolt there is a
circular rim or collar, the sides of which are slightly bevilled from the
periphery. The inner ends of the two opposite openings in the chamber
are countersunk, and into these the circular rim or collar is rotated
at desired intervals. A disc or plate of metal and an ordinary glass
tube for steam and water is used conjunctively. In consequence of this
arrangement the guage is water-tight and plugs are dispensed with.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY for Twisting WOOLLEN, FLAX, COTTON, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Ambler at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th January
1870.
I, JAMES AMBLER, of Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
for Twisting WOOLLEN, FLAX, COTTON, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES,” to be as
follows:-
The improvements consist in apparatus attached thereto and so
arranged that when a breakage or running off of any of the strands
occurs the remainder of the strands that were being twisted together with
the broken one or the one that had run off are immediately severed and
the operation of twisting ceases until the breakage is repaired. One
apparatus is required for every spindle. A great waste of material
and time which has hitherto attended the operation of twisting is
avoided by the application of this improvement.
On a stand or carrier of brass or other suitable material I mount' any
required number of fingers or arms, each being provided with an eye
through which the strands are passed. Those strands required to

page_text: be twisted together are passed through a notch at the top of the carrier,
and thence in their usual course to the spindle. A knife is provided
and mounted in such a position that when any breakage or running off
occurs it is released immediately by the dropping of any finger or arm
which removes a catch by which the knife has been held back. By this
means all the threads passing through the aforesaid notch are severed
and the operation of twisting stopped until the breakage is repaired.
In order to keep the fingers or arms up while the attendant is threading.
I attach a moveable support after the operation of threading the
moveable support is removed and the fingers are supported or held in
position by the strands. In cases where the strands are too weak to
bear the weight of the fingers or arms when the machine is not in
operation I pass a continuous light shaft through every apparatus which
is made to act on all the supports for the arms simultaneously. The
necessary motion is given to the shaft through the strap motion. The
fingers or arms, the catch, moveable support, and knife are all brought
into position by the movement of a lever, which operation is performed
by the attendant.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Anderton and George
Anderton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 23rd December 1870.
We, JOHN ANDERTON and GEORGE ANDERTON, of Accrington, in the
County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to looms used for weaving fancy patterns,
commonly called dobby looms, and consists in improved arrangements
of mechanism for working the healds to make the shed as required.
The top of each heald is connected by two cords passing over guide
pulleys, or by jacks or levers to a sliding bar working in a grid or guides
and having at one end a hooked lever connected to a spring; and the bottom
of the heald is attached to a spring lever or jack. Above the hooked
levers there is a knife or bar working in horizontal guides and connected
to a long lever jointed to a stud or bearing in a bracket fixed to one
of the end frames, and this lever and knife are worked one way by a
cam or tappet on the crank shaft, and the other way by a spring, or they
are worked both ways by a slotted cam or tappet. Above the hooked
levers there is a pattern cylinder or lattice for acting on the said levers

page_text: in order to depress the hooks when they are not required to be caught
by the knife. The pattern cylinder or lattice is worked by a ratchet
wheel having revolving motion imparted to it by a catch moved to and
fro by a lever connected with one of the sword arms or other working
part of the loom. When the loom is at work the cam and spring move
the long lever and knife to and fro, the knife seizing the hooks one after
the other and raising the healds according to the pattern on the cylinder
or lattice, for when a hook is not required to be caught it is depressed
by a projection on the pattern cylinder or lattice and the heald corre-
sponding with it is not raised. After the projection has passed the
hooked lever the hook is returned to its original position ready to be
again acted upon, and thus the healds are raised as required when the
hooks are not depressed and lowered by the springs, jacks, or levers at
the bottom.
AN IMPROVED FASTENER FOR LEGGINGS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Morris Hess at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th August
1870.
I, MORRIS HESS, of Bishopsgate, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED FASTENER
FOR LEGGINGS," to be as follows :-
This Invention consists of an improved mechanical arrangement to be
applied to leggings for fastening them around and detaching them from
the legs of the wearer in a more simple, speedy, and efficient manner
than heretofore.
The following is an example of the construction of the fastening above
referred to, that is to say, near the divided parts of the legging and top
thereof I affix by any suitable means pieces of metal of the following
construction, namely a staple and self-acting spring sliding bolt, which
locks into the eye of the said staple. The staple is so fixed to one part
of the legging as to pass through a slit in another part thereof, and at
the outside of this slit a small spring sliding bolt is affixed, the point of
which is bevilled or rounded off so that when the legging is placed on

page_text: the leg it is simply necessary to press the aforesaid slit over the staple,
which will force back the bolt, and the spring will push the bolt through
the eye of the staple, and thus securely fasten the legging on the leg.
To unfasten the legging it is only necessary to pull back the aforesaid
bolt by a small projecting stud or button affixed thereto and at the same
time draw it away from the staple. The fastening employed for holding
together the lower part of the legging may be of the ordinary kind.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFacture OF TOBACCO PIPES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josiah Glode Stapelton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th October 1870.
I, JOSIAH GLODE STAPELTON, of Mayville Lodge, Lee Park, Lee, in
the County of Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFacture OF TOBACCO PIPES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in manufacturing tobacco pipes from vegetable
fibrous material combined with gypsum. For this purpose I take cotton
or other vegetable fibre as it is when bleached and prepared for paper-
making, and thoroughly mix it with water to a milky consistency; to this
is added an equal quantity in bulk of the finest freshly baked gypsum,
the whole being well stirred and intermixed. A measured quantity
of the mixture just before it begins to thicken is poured into a suitable
mould of the required form, and which is fitted with cores both for the
bowl and stem, and the cores are pressed into their places in the mould.
After the lapse of about twenty minutes the cores can be withdrawn,
the mould opened, and the casting removed. In about an hour's time
the prints may be cut off with a sharp knife, and the parts where they

page_text: have been cut away smoothed down with fine sand paper; the connection
between the stem and bowl may also be made clear. The casting is
then dried thoroughly without the application of much heat. When the
casting is dry it is brushed over evenly with a mixture of very pale lac
and spirits of wine not thicker than sherry wine, and is again dried and 5
hardened. Afterwards the pipe is polished with a little putty powder
and oil, and after being fitted with a mouthpiece is complete.
I■. PROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN PARTS OF WEARING APPAREL
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William White at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
January 1870.
I, WILLIAM WHITE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "I■.
PROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN PARTS OF WEARING APPAREL," to be as follows, that is
to say:-
This Invention has for its object to impart an improved appearance
to the parts of wearing apparel frequently designated trowsers, but also
known by a variety of other names, and it consists in attaching stiffening
strips of wire, sheet metal, whalebone, cane, or other suitable material
inside the lower portions of the trowsers at the sides, and in attaching
to these stiffening pieces at points sufficiently high inside to be above
the tops of the boots intended to be worn with them straps, by preference
made of elastic material, to pass under the heel inside the boot. Or the
stiffening pieces may be used without the straps or with common
straps applied outside the boots or shoes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF SECURING RIDGES OF SLATE OR OTHER MATERIAL TO THE ROOFs of BUILDINGS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Whiteus Cooke and
Henry Kennedy at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 22nd April 1870.
We, GEORGE WHITEUS COOKE, Gentleman, and HENRY KENNEDY,
Architect, both of Bangor, in the County of Carnarvon, North Wales,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MODE OF SECURING RIDGES OF SLATE OR OTHER MATERIAL TO THE ROOFs of
BUILDINGS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention has for its object the fixing of ridges composed of slate
or other suitable material to the ridge or boards of a roof in such a
manner as to dispense with the use of screws or nails as usual, or any
means for fixing applied to the outside of the ridge. For this purpose a
galvanized iron or metallic eye is fixed through a cramp or otherwise to
the under side of the ridge at the angle formed by the two united sides
thereof, and a bent or angular pin or stud of the same or other suitable
material is fixed in the ridge boards of a roof, the ridge being secured as
required by the eye in the same passing over the said fixed pin or stud.
The several pins or studs are fixed in the ridge boards or apex of the roof
at suitable intervals or distances apart, and the several rige pieces are

page_text: secured in their places by sliding them successively over the ridge boards
of the roof and causing the eyes on their under sides to pass on to the
several fixed pins or studs. By this means the ridge is firmly secured
against any tendency to become loosened by the pressure or force of
wind, and the fittings for securing the ridge being fixed in the under
side thereof the outer surface of the ridge is protected from injury and
a water-tight covering for the roof is provided.
IMPROVED MEANS FOR WORKING RAILROAD SWITCHES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th April 1870.-A communication from abroad by James Davis, of
New Orleans, in the State of Louisiana, United States of America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS FOR WORKING
RAILROAD SWITCHES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved arrangement for automatically
shifting and locking railroad switches by the action of broad flanges
on the front wheels of the carriage or locomotive, or by shifting wheels
attached for the purpose, the said flanges or shifting wheels being
arranged to act upon shifting levers connected with the switch bar,
so that when acted upon and moved by the wheels they will shift the
switches. The said flanges or wheels also act upon spring locking
catches arranged in connection with the shifting levers for locking them,
to unlock them before the shifting action takes place. The switch rails
are connected by bolts to the transverse shifting bar which is jointed
to a vibrating plate. This plate works ou a pivot and it is connected

page_text: by arms and links at opposite sides to levers situate within, but on
opposite sides of the track and in advance of the switches. These levers
project up into the paths of the extended flanges or the shifting wheels
of the advancing carriage or engine; they are also provided with studs
which are engaged by spring catch bars pivoted below the track and
rising at their upper edges, which are inclined also into the paths of the
flanges or wheels to be forced down by them. The catches engage the
studs when the levers are in a vertical position and lock them in that
position. The levers being placed on opposite sides of the track, one
near each rail, will be acted on alternately for shifting the switches in
opposite directions. The forward wheel of the carriage which is to shift
the switch is provided with a broad flange, which first acts on the
inclined upper face of the locking bar, pressing it down, and disconnecting
the catch from the stud of the locked lever; it then strikes the lever
and throws it forward and turns the vibrator to which it is connected,
thereby moving the transverse bar to which the switch rails are made
fast and shifting their position to open a new track; the position of
the levers is at the same time reversed, the depressed lever being raised
ready to throw the switch back when the engine or carriage with the
flange or wheel on the opposite side for shifting back again comes along.
In some cases wheels capable of being lifted out of reach of the levers
may be used in place of the broad flanged wheels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING PURPOSES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Marcius Silber at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th August 1870.
I, ALBERT MARCIUS SILBER, of Wood Street, Cheapside, in the City
of London, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING PURPOSES," to be
as follows:-
:-
The object of my Invention is an improved mode of constructing
apparatus used for lighting purposes, such as lamps, burners, pendants,
and brackets, also apparatus used for heating purposes, such as burners,
to adapt them for the employment of petroleum or other similar volatile
hydrocarbon or liquid as the illuminating or heating agent. For this
purpose I construct a lamp burner or apparatus for lighting or heating
with a vertical passage or channel for inflow or up-draft of air to the flame
from the lower portion of the lamp or apparatus up to and through the
burner, wickholder, or flame. This passage or channel I usually arrange
so that it shall be central of the lamp or flame. It may or may not be
closed at bottom. When so closed it is supplied with atmospheric air

page_text: through apertures formed in the sides, shell, case, or body of the lamp
or apparatus, and it is best to form the orifices at regular intervals
round 'the periphery, so that air may be drawn in on all sides and
attracted centrally and upward towards the flame. For brackets or arms
and for suspended lights the air passage may be formed in a prolongation
or appendage dependant from or connected with the burner or the part
to which it is fitted. Sometimes the air passage may be placed otherwise
than centrally of the lamp apparatus, burner, or flame, for instance, for
flat wicks it may be so placed and arranged that it affords passage for
the air on each side of the wick-or-flame. This arrangement_may_be_
adapted to round wicks.
I construct a wick holder consisting of two or more tubes one within
the other. One tube has at top a rim or lip bent or projecting towards
another of the tubes, and the wick is placed between these tubes. The
outer tube may be conical or broader at the lower part than at the
upper. Sometimes there may be one or more additional tubes to form
air passages, one or more of which may be bell-shaped at top.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SLIDE VALVES FOR STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Crichton Black at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st December 1870.
I, JOSEPH CRICHTON BLACK, Engineer, of Commercial Road, South
Shields, in the County of Durham, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SLIDE VALVES FOR STEAM AND
OTHER ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The slide valve is a cylindrical equilibrium valve extending the whole
length of the cylinder, having the steam on the inside faces exhausting
through a port in the slide valve and through the cylinder cover. The
motion is given to the slide valve through the piston striking a stud
attached to slide valves and giving steam to one side and opening the
other to the exhaust, thereby dispensing with links, eccentrics, and
gear.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINES FOR PUTTING TOGETHER THE PARTS OF CART AND OTHER. WHEELS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jabus Stanley James and Henry
Wilson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
-
Petition, on the 27th January 1870.
We, JABUS STANLEY JAMES, of the Firm of Powis, James, and Com-
3. pany, of Victoria Works, Belvedere Road, Lambeth, in the County of
Surrey, and HENRY WILSON, of the same Place, Manager to the-said
Firm, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINES FOR PUTTING TOGETHER THE PARTS OF CART AND OTHER.
WHEELS," to be as follows:-.
Our Invention relates to machines for putting together the parts of
cart, carriage, wagon, and other wheels.
In machines constructed according to our Invention the action is..
vertical as herein-after explained.
Upon a suitable bed we crect a strong standard or bracket which
carries at its upper part a vertical ram. This ram is provided with rack..
teeth into which gears a pinion on the axle of a toothed segment,, which
segment is operated by a pinion on the axle of the driving pulley of the
machine. Below the ram an aperture is left in the bed plate; beneath.

page_text: which aperture is a pit or space to allow room for the wheel under
operation to turn in. On each side of the pit the bed plate carries
a pedestal formed with a series of superposed apertures to receive a
horizontal spindle, over which the nave of the wheel under operation
is passed. The driving belt or band can be slacked or tightened as
required by means of a lever worked by the attendant, and when the
belt is slacked the driving axle is rotated by means of a weighted rope
or chain which is passed over a second pulley on the driving axle.
'
The action of the machine is as follows:-The nave to be fitted with
spokes is placed upon the horizontal spindle before mentioned, the first
spoke is then inserted into the nave and brought under the ram; the
attendant then tightens the driving strap by means of the lever, and the
gearing being thus caused to act on the rack of the ram the ram is
brought down upon the spoke and forces it into its place; during this
action the rope before-mentioned has become wound upon its pulley,
the attendant then slacks the driving belt, when the weight connected
to the rope will cause the driving axle to rotate in the opposite direction
whereby the ram will be lifted. The same operations are repeated until
all the spokes are inserted; the several portions of the felloe are then
successively put on and submitted to the action of the ram in a similar
manner. The necessary adjustment for different sized wheels is obtained
by means of the apertures in the pedestals before mentioned, but other
means of adjusting may be adopted; the gearing may also be varied if
desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS AND COKE AND IN THE APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE SAME MANUFACTURE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Bryan Hickmott at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th May 1870.
I, JOSEPH BRYAN HICKMOTT, of Carlisle, in the County of Cumber-
land, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS AND COKE AND IN THE APPARATUS
TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE SAME MANUFACTURE," to be as follows:-
The Invention has reference to the construction of vertical retorts or
generators for the manufacture of gas and coke. Whereas in ordinary
vertical retorts or generators a large portion of the gas generated has to
force its way through the mass of superincumbent coal, I propose to
construct in the sides of the retort or generator a number of vertical
channels or flues, communicating with the interior of the retort or
generator by means of narrow vertical slits or openings, which by reason
of their small dimensions will not admit any appreciable quantity of coal
into the channels or flues, but readily allow the gas as it is generated to
pass into the said channels or flues and thence into the vacant space in

page_text: the top of the retort above the coal, whence it will be conveyed in the
usual manner by means of a pipe to the condensing apparatus. Retorts
or generators constructed on this principle may be made of iron, fire clay,
or any other material, and of any desired form in cross section, though a
rectangular cross section is preferred.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BICYCLES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Wyndham at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 8th March 1870.
I, CHARLES WYNDHAM, of Southover Grange, near Lewes, in the
County of Sussex, Esquire, do, hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BICYCLES," to be as follows:-
My improvements refer, firstly, to apparatus for facilitating the
raising of the leg or step or the bar, as mentioned in my Provisional
Specification lodged on the 9th Oct. 1869, No. 2947, the 7th December
1869, No. 3542, and the 3rd January 1870, No. 22. In each of
those Provisional Specifications I state that the cord leading from
the leg or legs is caused to travel along the handlo bar or handle,
and be retained there by the ring on its end taking over a spring or
under a claw. Now according to the present improvements I attach
the end of the cord to a sheave or grooved roller mounted loosely on
the bar, or on the handle. The sheave forms part of a short tube, the
opposite end of which carries a disc which has a number of ratchet
teeth cut or formed on its edge or face for a spring claw to take into.
The spring claw is pinned to a fixed part of the frame; it has a tail
piece for pressing on so as to disengage the ratchet and allow the

page_text: cord to run out when the leg or bar is required to be lowered. It is
not in all cases necessary to have a tube to form the connection between.
the sheave and the ratchet, as rods or distancing pieces may be
employed, but I prefer the tube as it acts as a steady bearing for the
rotation of the sheave and ratchet. I provide a projecting finger
piece on the ratchet disc, which is so placed that the operator can at
any moment lift or depress it to turn the sheave and draw up the cord
and leg.
My second improvement which I wish to protect under this applica-
tion consists in arranging the jointed leg, jointed bar, or sliding leg or
legs, or the parts connected therewith to the fork or shears of the front
wheel or of the hind wheel. The bars or legs may be connected or
attached loosely to the forks and made to slide in sockets or eyes, or
they or part of them may be connected rigidly to the forks or to levers
or projections connected to or forming part of the forks. The legs or
bars may be straight, bent, or otherwise curved to bring the step into.
proper position for the rider to act upon them with his feet, and be
clear of the cranks or other appliances by which the bicycle is propelled.
I have hitherto referred to allowing the leg or bar to descend when the
cord is released, but that action may be reversed. In that case the
cord and leg or legs would be raised on the release of the cord.
My next improvement consists in arranging levers, bars, or rods on
pivots or centres on the back bone or beam of the vehicle, and fitting or
attaching other levers, bars, or rods thereto, which lead from a disc or
other appliance attached to the handle or to the handle bar, so that the
leg or legs may be lowered and raised as found desirable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTION OF PRESSING MACHINES APPLICABLE TO PRESSING CHEESE AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ralph Mellard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th May
1870.
THE
I, RALPH MELLARD, of Rugeley, in the County of Stafford, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CONSTRUCTION OF PRESSING MACHINES APPLICABLE TO PRESSING CHEESE AND OTHER
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
It has hitherto been usual to make presses applicable to the purposes
embraced by this Invention with compound levers, with weights on the
end thereof acting on the nut of a screw, on the bottom of which is
attached a pressing plate, thus causing the screw and nut to slide through
an opening in the centre of the beam of the press, but it has been
found that this arrangement presents several disadvantages.
In the present Invention the nut of the screw is fixed in the centre
of the beam with part projecting through the same in such manner
that it will turn round but cannot slide up or down. On that part of
the nut which projects through the beam is attached a pulley having an
internal ratchet. One end of a chain is fastened to the pulley and
wound round its periphery when the pressure is required to be exerted,

page_text: and the other end of the chain is passed over a small pulley at the end
of the beam with weights hung thereon to give the required amount of
pressure. In some cases this chain may be advantageously passed under
the small pulley instead of over the same, and may be passed over
another small pulley fixed to the ceiling of the room in which the press t
is placed, or to bearings conveniently situated, thus obtaining a greater
fall for the weights, and allow of the chain being wound more times
round the first-mentioned pulley, whereby a greater amount of motion
is given to the press and its utility greatly increased.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR STAMPING AND EMBOSSING
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin William Knowles at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 16th February 1870.
I, EDWIN WILLIAM KNOWLES, of Barking, in the County of Essex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MACHINERY FOR STAMPING AND EMBOSSING," to be as follows:-
The machinery which forms the subject of this Invention consists of
two upright frames, in which a die frame is arranged to work, the same
being actuated by means of a horizontal shaft which carries an excentric
at each end. The die frame consists of a metallic box, the bottom of
which carries the dies. On both sides of the interior of the box are
formed grooves, in which the before-mentioned excentrics work. On
motion being given to the horizontal shaft by means of any suitable
motive power the excentrics are caused to rotate, thus lowering the die
frame. The counterparts of the dies are placed on a table supported
by frames attached to the framing of the machine.
IM- PROVING THE PRESENT SYSTEM OF PRODUCING A UNIFORM ACTION IN RECLINING CHAIRS AND COUCHES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Valentine Batchelor at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th September 1870.
I, VALENTINE BATCHELOR, of 33, George Street, Euston Square,
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVING THE PRESENT SYSTEM OF PRODUCING A UNIFORM ACTION IN RECLINING
CHAIRS AND COUCHES," to be as follows:-
.
A chair is composed of several parts, two pads or arms, two pillars,
two stops, two horse-shoe shaped ends to seat with a groove four inches
long cut in the uppermost ends, and a lever back. These parts are
combined as follows:-The lever back is hinged at the bottom or lower
end of seat, and rests in and under the above-mentioned groove; the seat
and back are thus complete. A turned or other pillar is then hinged on
each side of the seat rail, the hinge being behind toward the back. A
long pad is next hinged to the top of each pillar with the hinges towards
the front, the other end being hinged to the lever back at a corres-
ponding height to the pillars in front. It will thus be seen that each
end of the chair or couch is hinged in four different placés, and if put in
motion will fall flush with the rail, less the diameter of the pillar.

page_text: The next parts to be described are the stops which regulate the positions.
A piece is cut off each of the long pads and hinged underneath at the
cut, a piece of india-rubber is then passed through the pad and stop
which brings the stop in contact with the pillar and thereby supports
it when the chair is upright. When the reclining position is required
the stops must be pushed forward, the india-rubber is now acted upon,
and the stops are readily put into the rack-like formed pillars as they
fall towards the back. By means of these stops several different
positions can be obtained, and when they are put in a line with the pads
the pads, pillars, and back all recline together.
The principal novelties of-the-Invention are, first, the application-of
the pillars and stops by means of which the various positions above-
mentioned are obtained; second, its cheapness, which brings it within
the reach of every one; and third, its construction, which is so simple
that it is easily managed, and in consequence of which it is not likely to
get out of order.
In conclusion I wish to state that it is not my intention to confine
myself to any form of seat or back which I may employ, but to vary
the same as may be desirable in any manner which admits of my
operating upon the same principle and in which a similar effect is
produced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOCKS AND KEYS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Massi at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th April
1870.
I, CHARLES MASSI, of No. 1ª, Bassett Street, Malden Road, Kentish
Town, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOCKS AND KEYS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of
locks and keys. I make locks with circular keyholes of a size just to
receive the stem or barrel of the key, and the key I make with the bit
to work in and out through a slot in the stem or barrel. When the key
is to be inserted into the lock the bit is drawn back, and when the key
has been placed in the lock the bit is caused to protrude by turning a
button with which the key is provided. The bit of the key is fixed
upon a spring blade within the barrel or stem, in which also there is a
wedge, and a screw turned by the button before mentioned moves this
wedge to and fro within the barrel or stem of the key. When the
wedge is underneath the bit it causes it to protrude, but when it is

page_text: drawn back the spring blade carries the bit of the key back through
the slot into the barrel or stem. Locks thus constructed afford
great security in consequence of the great difficulty there would bo
inserted picking tools. I also apply a catch (or catches) to the main
bolt of the lock to be acted on by the end of the stem or barrel of
the key.
The catch is adjusted to correspond with the length of the true key,
and to free the bolt when this key is in the keyhole, but if another
instrument either longer or shorter be introduced into the keyhole tho
catch retains hold of the bolt.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SPIRAL STAIRCASES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Le Chevalier Cottam at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th July 1870.
I, LOUIS LE CHEVALIER COTTAM, of Winsley Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Ironfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SPIRAL STAIRCASES," to be as
follows:
-
Heretofore in the construction of spiral staircases it has been usual to
run hot lead into the annular space between the central upright tube and
the "risers" which are passed over the same between the several treads,
also the eyes of the treads have been made to fit the corresponding risers
but not to fit the upright tube, and the lead has likewise been made to
fill the space between the upright tube and the circumference of the said
eyes.
The preparation and running in of the lead have necessarily occupied
much time, and the chief object of the first part of my Invention is to
economize labor by permitting of the employment of cold lead, which has
simply to be hammered or beaten in.

page_text: In carrying out this part of my Invention I form a shoulder in each
riser at about an inch more or less from the top thereof, and I construct
the eye of the tread so that it fits both the riser and the central upright
tube. Before placing each tread in position I hammer in cold lead
between the corresponding riser and the tube so as to fill up the annular
space down to the shoulder of the riser, the tread is then put in place,
afterwards another riser, and so on..
The second part of my Invention relates to securing the brackets of
spiral staircases, and it consists in carrying the baluster bars through the
brackets, or through barrels forming part thereof, as well as through the
treads and risers, the baluster bars being then firmly secured by nuts.
MENTS IN TREATING AND DEODORIZING SEWAGE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Judge Hays at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
October 1870.
I, JOSEPH JUDGE HAYS, of Hertingfordbury, in the County of Hert-
66 IMPROVE-
ford, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
MENTS IN TREATING AND DEODORIZING SEWAGE," to be as follows:
=;
My Invention consists in improvements in treating sewage or other
refuse, as nightsoil, or any deleterious matter with peat charcoal, and
allowing it to repose for a time, after which it is filtered by any of the
usual and known methods, the water passing off is again passed through
a bed of peat charcoal, and afterwards through a filter or stratum of
carbonate or hydrate of lime and sand, while the solid sewage is treated
with any mineral acid to prevent the evolution of ammonia, and may
then be mixed with phosphate of lime or or any other valuable fertilizing
agents.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRACELETS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Thomas Shaw at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th November 1870.
I, CHARLES THOMAS SHAW, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Goldsmith and Jeweller, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRACELETS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to give to bracelets such an elasticity
as will prevent them from exerting any unpleasant strain upon the
wrists of the wearer, and at the same time shall have such strength
that they are not liable to take a "set" or suffer a permanent change
of figure by any pressure to which they are likely to be exposed.
My Invention consists in making bracelets in the following manner :—
I make the body of the bracelet of a thin plate or band of metal of any
desired breadth, the said plate or band being so thin that it will readily
suffer a change of figure under gentle pressure. The ends of the
plate or band are connected and disconnected by a spring or other
fastening.

page_text: In order to give the requisite strength and elasticity to the bracelet
I attach to each edge of the body or plate of metal described a compact
coil of wire, the said coils being, by preference, soldered to the inner
side of the band or plate. I prefer to make the coils of flat wire or
of wire like strips of metal, thicker at one edge than at the other.
When wire of the last described kind is used the several coils overlap
the thin edge of each coil of the strip lying under the thick edge of
the next. The said coils give to the bracelet great strength combined
with great elasticity.
I do not limit myself to the use of two of the said coils as one or
more than two may be employed. Neither do I limit myself to the
precise position described of the said coils upon the body of the bracelet
as the position may be varied without affecting their use in giving the
required strength and elasticity to the bracelet.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAG ENGINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Grundy Wrigley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th January 1870.
I, EDWIN GRUNDY WRIGLEY, of Broadoaks Bury, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RAG ENGINES," to be as follows:―
This Invention relates to certain peculiar constructions and arrange-
ments of machines, known as rag engines, for the purpose of washing,
bleaching, "poaching," or beating rags, Esparto, cotton, straw, wood,
or other fibrous substances used in the manufacture of paper or other
fabrics.
According to this Invention the roll carrying the steel knives, tech-
nically known as the "rag roll," and the clump of steel knives, technically
known as "the plate," extend the entire width of the shell or cistern
forming the body of the engine.
The shell or cistern in which the material to be operated upon is
placed, is constructed with a false bottom, or horizontal partition,
situate by preference about midway in the vertical height of the said
.

page_text: cistern and extending the whole of the width but a portion only of
the length, a space being left at each end to allow the material to
circulate. The upper side of this false bottom forms the weir and the
recess in which "the plate" is secured.
The action of the engine may be thus described:-The rag roll being
put in motion propels the pulp or other material over the weir and
causes a continuous circulation underneath and around the false bottom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUPERPHOSPHATE OF LIME
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Woodcroft Hammond at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 19th April 1870.-A communication from Ivar Axel Ferdinand
Bang, of Paris, Empire of France.
I, HENRY WOODCROFT HAMMOND, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUPERPHOSPHATE OF LIME," a
communication to me from Ivar Axel Ferdinand Bang, of Paris, Empire
of France, to be as follows :-
This Invention relates to producing superphosphate of lime by
dissolving natural phosphates in chlorhydric acid, the solution being so
dosed as to give rise to one equivalent of superphosphate of lime and
to two equivalents of chloride of calcium, thus,—
PhO, 3CaO+2CH=PhO*, CaO, 2HO+2C1, Ca.
For obtaining solid and pure superphosphate of lime the above
chlorhydric solution of triphosphate of lime is then decanted in a limpid
state, and dry lumps of chloride of calcium (or other deliquescent salts,
such as chloride of magnesium) are added to it as much it will take,

page_text: agitating the solution from time to time. The superphosphate thus
divides in the shape of various sized laminae, leaving a solution of
chloride of calcium. The magma is then poured on to a filtering cloth
or fabric, or in some cases it may be agitated previous to filtering, so as
to obtain a more perfect separation. The chloride of calcium may be
regenerated in an soda oven.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONCERTINAS AND ACCORDIONS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Stiefbold and George
Nicholas Cory at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 30th March 1870.-A communication from
abroad by Reinhard Doerfel, of Klingenthal, in the Kingdom of
Saxony.
We, ALEXANDER STIEFBOLD and GEORGE NICHOLAS CORY, both of
London Wall, in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONCERTINAS AND ACCORDIONS," a com-
munication from abroad by Reinhard Doerfel, of Klingenthal, in the
Kingdom of Saxony, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to those parts of the keys and valves of
concertinas and accordions with which the fingers of the performer
come into contact in the act of playing, and consists in forming such
parts in the following manner, that is to say :-
Instead of making the ends smooth or plain, as commonly practised,
and stamping or otherwise printing thereon or on the ends of the instru-
ment opposite to each key letters or numerals corresponding with the
notes of the music to be played, we propose to form the tops of the

page_text: keys with caps of glass, or metal, or other substance or material so
formed as that the aforesaid numerals or letters shall be raised thereon,
thereby affording better hold for the fingers of the performer, and
enabling blind persons by feeling the particular notes to learn to play.
We propose, if desirable, to use any two or more substances combined,
such as metal and glass, for example, the centre being of glass, and the
outside of the cap metal; or instead of letters or numerals being formed
on the keys, as above stated, the tops may be formed with a device or
ornament thereon or simply roughened or chequered, the intention of
this Invention being to present better hold for the fingers of the
performer, as above stated, and the instruments be more ornamental.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CARTRIDGES FOR CHASSEPOTS AND OTHER SIMILAR RIFLES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Combaluzier at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
November 1870.-A communication from abroad by Pierre Marie
Fouque, of Paris, France.
I, PIERRE COMBALUZIER, of Walbrook, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF CARTRIDGES FOR CHASSEPOTS AND OTHER SIMILAR RIFLES,"
to be as follows ;-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of
cartridges for chassepots and other similar rifles. For this purpose the
gunpowder or other explosive material is enclosed in a tube by pre-
ference made of wood, although paper or other suitable material may
be employed, the tube being of taper or conical form, and of suitable
strength. The smaller end of the tube is closed, the mouth or upper
end being open for introducing the charge of gunpowder or other
explosive material. A cylindro-conical ball is fixed or secured to the
closed end of the tube by means of a band of gummed paper or by other
convenient means, the whole being covered by cotton cloth or other
suitable fabric coated or treated with gum or lubricating material.
When the tube is filled with gunpowder or other explosive material a

page_text: washer of pasteboard or other suitable material corresponding in size
with the mouth of the tube is inserted therein, and with this washer the
percussion cap or detonating material is combined, the washer and cap
being secured in position by folding over the end of the cloth cover
which is cut or slit at the end for this purpose, and a disc of cloth is
fixed over the folded end of the cover to finish the cartridge.