Improvements in Ventilators for Hats and other Head Coverings.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Apr., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 21st June, 1892-Accepted, 23rd July, 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Ventilators for Hats and other Head Coverings.
I, MARTIN FERdinand William Kochner, of 292, Broadway, Brooklyn,
in the County of Kings, and State of New York, United States of America,
Upholsterer and Decorator, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
My invention relates to a side ventilator for hats and other head coverings
capable of being readily adjusted to regulate the admission of air or to cut it off
entirely, and to a ventilator to be applied to the crown of the hat.
The first-mentioned ventilator is preferably placed opposite an opening in the
side of the hat just above the band, and it consists of an outer face plate, a shutter,
and a back plate.
The outer face plate is semi-circular and is larger than the opening in the hat
which it is adapted to cover.
At the central portion of the straight edge of the outer face plate, there is a
semi-circular projection or ear, and the body of the plate is provided with a series
of regularly spaced openings, which are preferably radial with respect to the centre
of the plate. The shutter is of disc form and its diameter is such that one half of
it may be readily revolved without being seen back of the face plate. The
diameter of the shutter further corresponds to the diameter of the opening in the
hat and one half of the shutter is provided with a series of openings, which
correspond to the openings in the face plate. The back plate is made essentially
of the same diameter as that of the face plate. It is of disc form and the
upper half thereof is provided with a semi-circular opening and the base wall
of the opening is formed with a semi-circular lug or ear. The face plate is
located upon the outer surface of the hat and covers the opening therein. The
shutter is located at the back of the face plate and contacts partially at its
lower portion with the inner face of the hat crown and the upper portion of
the shutter enters the opening in such a manner as to turn freely therein. The
back plate is adapted to engage at its upper edge with the inner face of the
hat crown and at its lower edge covers the lower portion of the shutter.
The face and back plates are held in position and in rigid engagement with
the hat crown, preferably by pins. The shutter is held to turn between the
face plate and the back plate, and it may be conveniently manipulated by
knob of any desired shape located upon the exterior of the hat crown and
turning upon the central portion of the outer or face plate. This knob has
secured to its inner face a stud or pin which passes through an opening at the
centre of the outer or face plate and the inner end of this stud or pin is rigidly
secured to the centre of the shutter. The centre of the back plate, in the event
that an enlargement should be formed upon the centre of the shutter by the
attachment of the pin or stud, may be depressed slightly. The lower portion of
the back plate is not attached to the crown, but this portion of the plate is usually
hidden by the sweat band of the hat.
The other ventilator is of somewhat the same character and is adapted to be
placed at the top of the hat crown. This ventilator consists of an outer plate
provided with a series of openings and an inner plate or shutter provided with
corresponding openings and adapted to revolve beneath the outer plate. The
inner plate is held in position beneath the outer one by a ring engaging with the
inner surface of the crown, the outer plate and the ring being connected by pins or
the equivalents thereof. The shutter in this form of ventilator is manipulated by

page_text: a stud attached to the shutter near its periphery and having limited movement in a
slot made near the periphery of the outer plate.
Dated April 26th 1892.
By A. M. & Wm. Clark,
53, Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Ventilators for Hats and other Head Coverings.
I, MARTIN FERDINAND WILLIAM KOCHNER, of 292, Broadway, Brooklyn,
in the County of Kings, and State of New York, United States of America,
Upholsterer and Decorator, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to ventilators for hats and other head coverings, and has
for its object to provide a ventilator of simple and economic construction, capable
of application especially to the side of a hat, and whereby more or less air may be
admitted to the interior of the hat crown as occasion may demand, and whereby
also the ventilator may be entirely closed in winter for instance. Another object
of the invention is to provide a side ventilator, and also a ventilator for the top of
the crown of the hat, it being desirable at times for both to be used in conjunction.
The invention consists in the novel construction and combination of the several
parts, as will be hereinafter fully set forth and pointed out in the claims.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this
Specification, in which similar figures and letters of reference indicate corre-
sponding parts in all the views.
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a hat illustrating the application thereto of
the invention.
Figure 2 is a front elevation of the ventilator in position upon the hat.
Figure 3 is a section taken practically on the line 3-3 of "Figure 2 through the
hat and through the ventilator, and
Figure 4 is a side view of that portion of the hat to which the ventilator is to be
attached.
Figures 5, 6, and 7, are detail views of the ventilator.
Figure 8 is a plan view of the ventilator adapted to be attached to the top of
the crown of the hat, and
Figure 9 is a horizontal section through the said ventilator.
In the side of the hat crown A, preferably just at or above that portion usually
covered by the hat band A', a semi-circular opening B is produced in the base
wall of which at its centre a slight recess B' is ordinarily made. The ventilator
consists primarily of an outer face plate D a shutter D' and a back plate D' as
shewn respectively in Figures 5, 6, and 7. The outer face plate D is semi-circular
in general contour and is larger than the opening B in the hat crown which it is
adapted to cover and at the central portion of the straight edge of the outer face
plate D a semi-circular projection, ear, or projection 10 is made and the body of
the plate is provided with a series of openings 11 of any desired number and
arrangement, but the arrangement of the openings is preferably radial with respect
to the centre of the plate and said openings are at regular intervals apart. The
shutter D' is of disc form, and the diameter of the shutter is such that one-half of
it may be readily revolved without being seen back of the face plate D. The
diameter of the shutter further corresponds to the diameter of the semi-circular
opening B and one-half of the shutter is provided with a series of openings 12
which openings correspond in size, location, and number to the openings 11 in the
face plate. The back plate D' is made essentially of the same diameter as that of
the face plate D. This back plate is of disc form and the upper half thereof is

page_text: provided with a semi-circular opening 13 and the base wall of the opening is
formed with a semi-circular lug or ear 14 which extends into the opening 13 as
shewn in Figure 7. The face plate D is located upon the outer surface of the hat
crown A and covers the opening B therein, as shewn in Figure 2. The shutter D'
is located at the back of the face plate and contacts partially at its lower portion
with the inner face of the hat crown and the upper portion of the shutter enters
the opening B in such a manner as to turn freely therein. The back plate D³ is
adapted to engage at its upper edge with the inner face of the hat crown and at
its lower edge covers the lower portion of the shutter D'. The face and back
plates are held in position and in rigid engagement with the hat crown preferably
through the medium of pins 15 which are passed through both the plates and
through suitable openings 16 in the crown, but other forms of fastening devices
may be employed if in practice it is found desirable.
It will be understood that the shutter D' is held to turn between the face plate D
and the back plate D³. The shutter is manipulated through the medium of a
knob 17 of any desired shape located upon the exterior of the hat crown, as shewn
in Figures 1 and 2, and turning upon the central portion of the outer or face
plate D. This knob has secured to its inner face a stud or pin 18 and the pin
passes through an opening 19 located at the centre of the outer or face plate D
and the inner end of this stud or. pin is rigidly secured in any suitable or approved
manner to the centre of the shutter, as shewn in Figure 3. The centre of the back
plate D in the event that an enlargement should be formed upon the centre of the
shutter by the attachment of the pin or stud 18 may be depressed slightly, as is
also shewn in Figure 3. The lower portion of the back plate D' is not attached
to the crown but this portion of the plate is usually hidden by the sweat band of
the hat, as fully shewn in cross-section in Figure 3. The depression or recess B¹
in the base wall of the opening B in the crown is made to admit of the inner passage
of the pin or stud 18 attached to the shutter D¹.
It will be observed in the manipulation of this ventilator that by turning the
knob 17 the openings 12 in the shutter may be brought wholly or only partially in
alignment with the openings in the outer or face plate D and thus more or less air
may be admitted into the interior of the hat and even when the shutter is so
manipulated that the solid portions thereof between the openings 12 are brought
over the openings 11 in the face plate some air will be admitted to the interior of
the hat, but if it is desired to exclude all air the shutter is so revolved that its
lower solid portion is brought up until that section entirely covers the openings in
the face plate.
In Figures 8 and 9 there is also illustrated in detail a ventilator, designated
as E and adapted if desired to be placed at the top of the hat crown.
This
ventilator consists of an outer plate 20 provided with a series of openings 21 and
an inner plate or shutter 22 provided with corresponding openings 23 and adapted
to revolve beneath the outer plate 20 as shewn in Figure 9. The inner plate is
held in position beneath the outer one by a ring 24 engaging with the inner surface
of the crown the outer plate and the ring being connected by pins 25 or the
equivalents thereof. The shutter in this form of ventilator is manipulated through
the medium of a stud 26 attached to the shutter near its periphery and having
limited movement in a slot 27 made near the periphery of the outer plate 20.
It will be observed that the ventilators described are both simple and economic
in construction and are capable of application to any form of hat crown.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is―
1. A ventilator for hats and other articles of head wear constructed substantially
as herein shewn and described.
2. The combination, with a hat crown having an opening of semi-circular form
produced therein and a face plate secured to the outer face of the crown and

page_text: covering said opening, the said plate being provided with a series of openings, of a
back plate attached to the inner face of the crown and provided with an opening
corresponding to that in the crown and a shutter held to revolve between the face
and the back plates, one half of which shutter is provided with openings corre-
sponding practically in number and location to those in the face plate, the other
half of the shutter being solid, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
3. The combination, with a hat crown having an opening produced therein and
a face plate secured to the outer face of the crown covering said opening and
provided with a series of ventilating openings or apertures, of a back plate adapted
for attachment to the inner face of the crown and provided with an opening corre-
sponding to, and registering with, that in the crown, a shutter loosely held between
the inner and the outer plates and of greater diameter in one direction than the
corresponding diameter of the crown opening, one portion of the shutter being
provided with ventilating apertures corresponding essentially in number and
location to those of the face plate, the remaining portion of the shutter being solid
and a stud held to turn upon the face plate and connected with the shutter whereby
the latter is revolved as and for the purpose set forth.
4. A ventilator for hats, consisting of a face plate adapted for attachment to one
side of a hat crown and provided with a series of ventilating apertures, a back plate
provided with an opening registering with all of the openings in the face plate, the
face and back plates being connected, a shutter being held to revolve between the
two plates one half of which shutter is provided with ventilating apertures or
openings corresponding in size and location to those in the face plate the remaining
portion of the shutter being solid, and a pin connected with the shutter passing
through the face plate and terminated at its outer end by a knob, as and for the
purpose set forth.
Dated this 21st day of June 1892.
M. F. W. KOCHNER,
By A. M. & Wm. Clark,
53, Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agents.