Improvements in and relating to the Manufacture of Lead Sockets for Rain, Water, Waste, Soil, Ventilating, and other Pipes.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Aug., 1899- Accepted, 7th Oct., 1899
QUAT UNID DIDUITIVATION.
Improvements in and relating to the Manufacture of Lead Sockets for
Rain, Water, Waste, Soil, Ventilating, and other Pipes.
I, JAMES STEWART, of 536, Barrington Road, Brixton, S.E., Sanitary Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the follow-
ing statement:—
At the present time the lead sockets employed for rain, water, waste, soil, venti-
lating and other pipes are either made from drawn pipe and the tacks and
mouldings afterwards soldered on, the mouldings in this case adding but little
if any extra strength and the process being costly and tedious, or else the sockets
are cast, in which latter case, cast lead being of insufficient tensile strength, they
are, although economical of manufacture, very liable to give way or break.
Now according to the present invention, propose to construct the said sockets
of cast lead, and at the same time to strengthen or reinforce the casting during
the process of manufacture as hereinafter described.
Further a socket of my improved manufacture may be cast with a hollow
moulding at one or both extremities, and the strengthening or reinforcing means
being extended to such moulding or mouldings the latter will constitute an expan-
sion joint or joints as will hereinafter appear.
According to my invention, I produce, by drawing or otherwise, a thin tube of
copper, mild steel or other metal of greater tensile strength than cast lead, said
tube being of a diameter intermediate the external and internal diameters of the
socket to be manufactured, or socket proper, and to this tube I rivet or otherwise
suitably secure tacks or lugs of the same metal, said tacks being somewhat
smaller then those to be cast on the socket proper. The said tube with its tacks
is well coated with a surface of tin and is then placed in the mould in which the
lead socket is to be cast, being held in position therein by a suitable core, and the
socket and tacks are then cast by pouring in the lead in the usual manner. The
result is the production of a cast lead socket wherein is embedded or encased for
its strengthening and reinforcement a socket and tacks of greater tensile strength
than the cast lead. In order to ensure the more perfect homogeneity of the cast-
ing I prefer in addition to tinning the reinforcing tube to provide or form the
same with perforations through which the lead may run, and I may also perforate
the reinforcing tacks for the same purpose if considered desirable.
In the accompanying drawings in which similar letters refer to like parts in
all the figures:-
Figure 1 is a vertical section of a lead socket of my improved manufacture.
Figure 2 is a horizontal section on the line - Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a detached elevation of the strengthening or reinforcing tube and
tacks.
Figure 4 is a vertical section of a lead socket with expansion joint manufac-
tured in accordance with my invention, and,

page_text: Figure 5 is a detached elevation of the strengthening or reinforcing tube
thereof.
a is the strengthening or reinforcing tube produced by drawing or otherwise
from copper, mild steel or other metal of greater tensile strength than cast lead,
and are the perforations preferably formed therein for the purpose set forth
above. C are tacks or lugs of the same metal rivetted or otherwise suitably
secured to the tube a. Two separate tacks c may be secured to the tube a as
shewn in Figure 2, or if preferred a single plate may be secured to the tube a
so as to form the two tacks. d is the cast lead socket, or socket proper, and e the
tacks cast therewith in which the strengthening or reinforcing tube d with its
tacks c is embedded or encased during the process of casting as before explained.
ff represent rain, water or other pipes connected with the socket d, and g indicates
the solder by which they are secured thereto.
In Figures 4 and 5 one end of the strengthening or reinforcing tube a is repre-
sented as formed with a hollow moulding of any suitable section and the socket
proper dis cast with a corresponding moulding i in which the said moulding his
embedded or encased. The said moulding i thus reinforced or strengthened forms
an elastic or expansion joint. Both ends of the socket may obviously be con-
structed in this manner if desired.
I find copper of from 18 to 22 BWG to answer admirably for the reinforcing
tube and tacks.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. The manufacture of cast lead sockets and tacks strengthened or reinforced
in the manner described.
2. The manufacture of cast lead sockets with a hollow moulding at one or both
ends, both the socket and the moulding being strengthened or reinforced in the
manner described and for the purpose set forth.
3. Cast lead wall sockets constructed and arranged substantially as described
and illustrated in the annexed drawings.
Dated this 18th day of August 1899.