IMPROVEMENTS IN INJECTORS
Year: 1884

page_text: I JAMES GRESHAM of the firm of Gresham and Craven of Craven Iron Works,
Salford in the County of Lancaster, Engineers do hereby declare the nature of
said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN INJECTORS," to be as follows:-
The object of my invention is to make an automatic injector, and consists in
improved combinations and arrangements, that is to say. I take the Injector
described in the specification of Letters Patent grant to John Robinson and myself
dated the 10th day of November 1864 and Numbered 2789 and cut off about an
inch more or less from the large end of the combining cone (d¹) fig. 13 of said
specification, and fix the part cut off in the casing (d) to leave a proper space for
water between it and the steam cone.
The toothed rack, pinion, shaft and handle for actuating the remainder of the
combining cone (d) and the receiving cone (e¹) is dispensed with, and the combined
parts are left, free, in such way, that when the steam is turned on to start the .
injector, there will be an open space between the two parts of the divided cone (d')
for a free escape of steam to pass out at the overflow branch from the casing and
when the water has been drawn to the injector and the combined steam and water
has entered the tube or discharging cone (e) the pressure will be sufficient to move
the combined cones (d' and e¹) endways in the direction to close the space between
the said divided parts of the said cone (d').
This arrangement of Injector is or may be worked with or without the cone
spindle (b) or the latter may be used as a steam valve.
The improved Injector is or may also be arranged as above described and
constructed with modifications in detail as illustrated by fig. 7 of the said
specification.
.
According to another modification the combining cone (d') is or may be
constructed separate from the receiving cone (e¹) and so that the combining
cone () is arranged to slide or move in the same axial line as the receiving
cone (e) in suitable guides, then the ordinary overflow outlet between the two
cones (d and e¹) may be closed (by bringing the two together) by the pressure.
acting on the receiving or discharging cone (e¹) and thus both openings namely,
one between the two parts of the combining cone (d¹) and that forming the
ordinary overflow orifice is automatically closed when the injector is properly
at work.

page_text: If required a helical spring is or may be arranged outside the combining
cone (d) to help to keep the two parts of it separate when the Injector has not
started to work, and the pressure does not act as above explained to close or bring
them together.
In some cases an ordinary valve is or may be used if required to close the
overflow outlet from the casing against the admission of air.
An opening in the combining cone as an extra outlet for steam when starting
an Injector is not new except when the cones are combined, arranged and actuated
as above described, similar openings in the combining cone being described in.
Körtings specification (see T¹ fig. 9).
c

page_text: _Improvements in Injectors.
I JAMES GRESHAM of the firm of Gresham and Craven of Craven Iron Works,
Salford in the County of Lancaster, Engineers do hereby declare the nature of
said invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN INJECTORS, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
1
The object of my invention is to make an automatic injector, and consists in
improved combinations and arrangements, that is to say. I take the Injector
described in the specification of Letters Patent granted to John Robinson and
myself dated the 10th day of November 1864 and Numbered 2789 and cut off about
an inch more or less from the large end of the combining cone (d') fig. 13 of said
specification, and fix the part cut off in the casing (d) to leave a proper space for
water between it and the steam cone.
The toothed rack, pinion shaft and handle for actuating the remainder of the
combining cone (d¹) and the receiving or discharging cone (e¹) is dispensed with
and the combined parts are left free, in such way that when the steam is turned on
to start the injector there will be an open space between the two parts of the
divided cone (1) for a free escape of steam to pass out at the overflow branch from
the casing and when the water has been drawn to the injector and the combined
steam and water has entered the tube or discharging cone (e) the pressure will be
sufficient to move the combined cones (d' and e¹) endways in the direction to close
the space between the said divided parts of the said cone (d').
This arrangement of Injector is or may be worked with or without the cone
spindle (b) or the latter may be used as a steam valve.
The improved Injector is or may also be arranged as above described and
constructed with modifications in detail as illustrated by fig. 7 of the said
specification.
According to another modification the combining cone (d') is or may be divided
as herein before described and constructed separate from the receiving or discharging
cone (el) and so that the combining cone (d¹) is or may be arranged to slide or
move in the same axial line as the receiving or discharging cone (e¹) in a suitable
guide or guides or the said combining cone, constructed as above described is or
may be fixed, so that one part is separate from the other in the tubular part
forming its guide and with a space between its exterior and the tubular guide.
Then the ordinary overflow outlet between the two cones (d and e¹) may be
closed (by bringing the two together) by the pressure acting on the receiving or
discharging cone (e¹) and thus both openings namely one between the two parts
of the combining cone, (d) and the other forming the ordinary overflow orifice is
closed or when both parts of the combining cone are fixed the outlet from both
openings is simultaneously and automatically closed when the injector is properly
at work by the reactive pressure coming upon the receiving or discharging cone
and bringing its end' against that of the combining cone and its guiding tube.
An opening in the combining cone as an extra outlet for steam when starting an
Injector is not new as a similar opening or openings is described in the specification

page_text: (see T¹ fig. 9) of Kortings Patent No 1055-1871 but when the cones are con-
structed combined or arranged and actuated as hereinbefore described, they form a
new and improved Injector.
The great velocity of the combined water and steam as it leaves the end of the
discharging cone (which is made of as small external diameter as possible)
practically prevents the escape of the fluid between its end and the casing so that
no packing or piston arrangement is required, and all temporary or momentary
leakage that may occur is drawn in. by the passing current.
It is important in carrying out my improvements to retain this peculiar arrange-
ment of the Robinson & Gresham Injector as in case the exterior of the discharging
cone is made of large diameter or to form a piston the velocity of the discharged
current has not the effect of practically preventing leakage which is necessary to
the proper working of the apparatus.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of an Injector according to one modification of
my invention. a is the casing of the injector, it is provided with a flange or
junction at a¹ to connect with the steam supply pipe, one at a² to connect with the
water pipe one at a³ for the overflow and one at a to connect with the discharge
pipe, b is the steam nozzle fitted in the casing as shown, c¹ is a nozzle forming the
first part of the combining cone secured in a fixed position in the casing a by a
set screw c² or other means, c is the other part of the combining cone connected
with the discharging cone d with an ordinary overflow orifice d¹ between.
The exterior of the discharging cone d is reduced to as small a diameter as
possible and fits so as to slide freely.in the casing, or in a bush, secured fluid
tight in the casing a by a set screw d³, or other means.
-
With the exception, that the combining cone is in two parts c and c¹ and the
mechanism for moving the combining and discharging cones is dispensed with, the
arrangement illustrated by fig. 1 is substantially the same as that in the said
Robinson & Gresham's Injector.
The position in which the movable parts are shown in fig. 1 is that in which they
are when the injector is not working and the steam is not turned on, but when
the steam is turned on it can pass out freely at the escape space c* between the
part c¹ and the combining cone c, and when the Injector has drawn its supply of
water, and the jet is fully established the reactive pressure upon the discharging
cone d causes the connected discharging and combining cones to move endways
until the end of the combining cone c comes against the end of the part c¹ when
the escape space c* between them is closed.
The arrangement of Injector shown by fig. 1, may be used, if desired combined
with an ordinary cone spindle or one also acting as a valve.
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section, and fig. 3 is a cross section at A-B fig. 2
illustrating another modification of my invention as I prefer to construct it where
the movement of the discharging cone d (arranged as herein before explained)
produced by the reactive pressure of the discharging jet when fully established, is
made to cause the receiving end of the discharging cone to act as a valve to close
an outlet from an escape orifice or opening in the upper part of the combining cone
and also close what would represent the ordinary overflow orifice of an injector at
the same time by which arrangement the Injector will work better and can be
made to take feed water of higher temperature than ordinary.
a is the casing with junctions for steam water, overflow and discharge as described
in reference to fig. 1.
The upper part of the combining cone c¹ is formed at the one end of a tube c
the interior bore of which is large enough to receive the other part of the combining
cone c which has exterior wings c³ to fit in the bore of the tubular part as shown
best in the cross section fig. 3. This interior part c of the combining cone is
secured by a set screw c¹ or other means to leave an escape space c* between
the two parts of the combining cone c¹ and c always open so that steam escaping
from this space cx will pass along the annular space between the exterior of the
combining cone c and the interior of the tubular part c³.

page_text: The receiving and discharging cone d is made to slide freely in a bush d² secured
fluid tight in the interior of the casing a by a set screw d.
The small or receiving end of the discharging cone is formed with a flat disc or
enlarged head d*.
In the position in which the parts are shown in fig. 2 there is a free escape at
the space c* between the two parts of the combining cone c¹ and c and also at the
point where the ordinary overflow orifice is formed, but when the jet is established
the reactive pressure on the discharging cone d moves it to bring its flat or valve
disc d against the ends of the tubes e and c to close the overflow and the outlet
from the escape space c* in the combining cone at the same time.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. In Injectors, the combination and arrangement of the combining and dis-
charging cones (c and d) having the external diameter of the discharging cone (d)
made as small as possible, moved automatically to start the injector by the reaction
of the established jet, with the other parts (c. b. and a) of the injector, as herein-
before described and illustrated by fig. 1 of the drawings.
2. The combination and arrangement of Injectors with an escape orifice or
orifices having an outlet therefrom which is closed along with the overflow orifice
by a valve surface on the end of the discharging cone arranged to move and
operate automatically when the jet is established by the reactive pressure on the
discharging cone substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by figs. 2
and 3 of the drawings.