IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING PLUSH BY POWER, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE WHEN WEAR VEAVING OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Collier, of Halifax, in the County of York,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING PLUSH BY POWER, PARTS
OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE WHEN WEAR
VEAVING OTHER FABRICS."
Sealed the 30th October 1855, and dated the 17th August 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Collier at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
August 1855.
I, GEORGE COLLIER, of Halifax, in the County of York, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING PLUSH BY
POWER, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE WHEN WEAVING OTHER
FABRICS," to be as follows:-
In attempts as at present made to weave plush by power, considerable
difficulty is experienced by the different pile warps not properly clearing each
other close up to the formed fabric at each opening of the shed, and I have
found that by giving to the pile warps which for the time form the lower part
of the shed an increased descending movement, so as to depress them con-
siderably below the linen or binding warp, this difficulty is got rid of, and
greater uniformity in the cloth is obtained. In order to this, I cut away that
portion of the batten which ordinarily forms the support to the lower half of
the shed, and for the shuttles in their traverse across the loom, sufficiently to
admit of the increased descent of those pile warps, and I arrange the down-
ward movements of the healds or harness so that they may at each change of
shed sink such portion of the pile warps to the extent desired.
I also find more even cloth is produced in the weaving of plush by employ-

page_text: ing an increased number of dents to the inch in the reed of the batten for
a short distance inwards from each selvage of the fabric, as the warp threads
may thereby be more uniformly spaced at those parts, and not so readily
affected by the pull of the weft at the selvage, whilst the warps will not be
so subject to injury as when the same fineness of reed is employed all across
the fabric.
When the reed and parts connected therewith are supported so as to swing
from centres of motion at the lower-part of the loom, I,-in place of effecting
the beat-up by the aid of links acting direct from a crank axis to the batten,
employ tappets or cams to withdraw the batten with its reed from the work
after the beat-up, and I effect its return for the beat-up by a spring or springs,
by which I am enabled to obtain a quick elastic, and, by reaction, a double
blow, more like that obtained in hand-loom weaving, and especially adapted to
'the weaving of plush and other fabrics where a light but quick and elastic
beat-up is required.
In carrying out this part of the improvements, I find it important, owing to
the quickness of motion obtained, that regard be had to lightness in the con-
struction of the batten and parts supporting it for the beat-up; and in order
to this, I prefer to form the supporting arms or swords of wood, and in place
of the shuttle boxes being fixed to and moving with the middle or moving
part of the. batten. which supports the reed, I form them separate therefrom,
and fixed stationary to the loom. The forming the shuttle boxes thus sepa-
rate from the other part of the batten, & stationary, is also, applicable when
the reed and parts connected therewith for the beat-up are supported so as to
swing from centres of motion at the upper part of the loom, and are actuated
by tappets and springs for the beat-up, as explained. The forming of the
shuttle boxes separate from the other part of the batten, so that they may be
stationary, in place of moving with that part of the batten to which the reed is
affixed, is also applicable when actuating such batten otherwise than as described
under these improvements.
"
The improvements also relate, when weaving plush and other, pile fabrics by
the aid of transverse wires, to an arrangement of fork or feeler to stop the
loom when, a wire fails to be withdrawn from the fabric. The fork or feeler is
so applied, that each wire as withdrawn by its withdrawing instrument presses
thereon to prevent its acting on the stop motion, but in the absence of a wire
at the motion for withdrawing one, the fork or feeler acts upon the stop motion
to stop the loom.
The improvements also relate, when weaving plush and other pile fabrics by
the aid of transverse wires, to the application of a trough, affixed to and moving

page_text: with the arms or carriers, by which the instrument for inserting and with-
drawing the wires in succession is supported, such trough being for the purpose
of receiving and offering continuous support to each wire as withdrawn from
the fabric and until its re-insertion, whereby the use of very fine pile wires is
facilitated.
The improvements also relate to the application in looms of double-acting
temples to each side or selvage of the fabric, in order that one pair of temples
may be acting to keep the fabric distended, whilst the other pair is shifting.to
take hold of a fresh portion. The arrangement of each temple which I employ
for this purpose consists of a pair of jaws or nippers, one of which jaws or
part of nipper is roughened, & the other is furnished with leather or other
suitable elastic material, in order securely to hold the fabric between them......
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Collier in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 16
February 1856.
16th
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
COLLIER, of Halifax, in the County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said George Collier, Her special licence that I, the said George Collier,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George
Collier, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING PLUSH
BY POWER, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE WHEN WEAVING OTHER
FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said George Collier,
my "executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent..

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Collier, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
In attempts as at present made to weave plush by power, considerable
difficulty is experienced by the different pile warps not properly clearing each
other close up to the formed fabric at each opening of the shed, and I have
found that by giving to the pile warps which for the time form the lower part
of the shed an increased descending movement so as to depress them con-
siderably below the linen or binding warp, this difficulty is got rid of, and
greater uniformity in the cloth is obtained. In order to this, I cut away that
portion of the batten which ordinarily forms the support to the lower half of
the shed, as also for the shuttles in their traverse across the loom, sufficiently
to admit of the increased descent of those pile warps, and I arrange the
downward movements of the healds or harness so that they may at each change
of shed sink such portion of the pile warps to the extent desired.
I also find more even cloth is produced in the weaving of plush by employing
an increased number of dents to the inch in the reed of the batten for a short
distance inwards from each selvage of the fabric, compared with the number
employed in the middle thereof, as the warp threads are thereby kept more
uniformly spaced at those parts, and are not so readily affected by the pull of
the weft at the selvage, whilst the other warp threads will not be so subject to
injury as when the same fineness of reed is employed all across the fabric.
When the reed and parts connected therewith are supported so as to swing
from centres of motion at the lower part of the loom, I, in place of effecting the
beat-up by the aid of links acting direct from a crank axis to the batten, employ
tappets or cams to withdraw the batten with its reed from the work after the
beat-up, and I effect its return for the beat-up by a spring or springs, by which
I am enabled to obtain a quick elastic, and, by reaction, a double blow, more
like that obtained in hand-loom weaving, and especially adapted to the weaving
of plush and other fabrics by power where a light but quick and elastic beat-up
is required.
In carrying out this part of the improvements, I find it important, owing to
the quickness of motion obtained, that regard be had to lightness in the con-
struction of the batten and parts supporting it for the beat-up; and in order
to this, I prefer to form the supporting arms or swords of wood, and in place
of the shuttle boxes being fixed to and moving with the middle or moving part
of the batten which supports the reed, I form them separate therefrom, and
fixed stationary to the loom. The forming the shuttle boxes thus separate

page_text: from the other part of the batten, and stationary, is also applicable when the
reed and parts connected therewith for the beat-up are supported, so as to
swing from centres of motion at the upper part of the loom, and are actuated
by tappets and springs for the beat-up, as explained. The forming of the
shuttle boxes separate from the other part of the batten, so that they may be
stationary in place of moving with that part of the batten to which the reed
is affixed, is also applicable when actuating such batten otherwise than as
described under these improvements.
The improvements also relate, when weaving plush and other pile fabrics by
the aid of transverse wires, to an arrangement of fork or feeler to stop the
loom when a wire fails to be withdrawn from the fabric. The fork or feeler
is so applied, that each wire as withdrawn by its withdrawing instrument
presses thereon to prevent its acting on the stop motion, but in the absence of
a wire at the motion for withdrawing one, the fork or feeler acts upon the stop
motion to stop the loom.
The improvements also relate, when weaving plush and other pile fabrics by
the aid of transverse wires, to the application of a trough, affixed to and moving
with the arms or carriers, by which the instrument for inserting and with-
drawing the wires in succession is supported, such trough being for the purpose
of receiving and offering continuous support to each wire as withdrawn from
the fabric and until its re-insertion, whereby the use of very fine pile wires is
facilitated.
The improvements also relate to the application in looms of double-acting.
temples to each side or selvage of the fabric, in order that one pair of temples
may be acting to keep the fabric distended, whilst the other pair is shifting to
take hold of a fresh portion. The arrangement of each temple which I
employ for this purpose consists of a pair of jaws or nippers, one of which
jaws or part of nipper is roughened, and the other is furnished with leather
or other suitable elastic material, in order securely to hold the fabric between
them..
But that the nature of my said Invention, and the means which I adopt in
carrying the same into effect, may be fully understood, I will proceed to
describe the Drawings.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.

page_text: in order that their nature and mode of operating may be more fully under-
stood. A, A, is the main framing; B is the main axis (commonly called the
crank axis when cranks are employed to act upon the batten), upon which are
affixed the tappet wheels B', for working the picker motions, and from which the
other parts derive motion. This axis B receives motion from a steam engine
or other suitable power, acting by a strap or band upon the drum or pulley 'B²
fixed thereon. C. is the linen or binding warp beam; and D, D, are the pile
warp beams; the pile warps being divided into two parts, and operated upon
separately, so that one half may be raised whilst the other half is depressed, as
was described in the Specifications of recent Patents granted to me. The
back or ground warp from the beam C is actuated by the leaves of heddles
C³, C', whilst the pile warp threads are conducted, as shown, from their beams
D; D, over the bars D', D', and thence under the bars D2, D3, to the separate
leaves of heddles D3, D3, by which they are respectively' actuated, "as is well
understood; except that in carrying out one part of my present improvements
the leaves of heddles D³, D³, for actuating the pile warps when weaving plush
by power are operated so that those actuating that portion of the pile warp
which for the time is with the lowest half or portion of the shed may descend
an increased distance, and incline considerably below the linen or: binding
warp which is forming the bottom of the ordinary shed (or that formed by the
linen or binding warp threads), by which at each change of shed not only will
the pile warps which for the time are in the upper portion of the' shed:be
taken (as is commonly the practice in weaving pile fabrics) considerably above,
and so as to form a greater angle than that of the upper. half of the linen or
binding warp, but that portion of the pile warp which is at the lower portion
of the shed will also be carried considerably below, and so as to form a greater.
angle than that of the lower half or bottom of the shed, formed by the linen or
binding warp, by which each pile warp thread will at each change of shed pass
completely through the space between the intermediate linen or binding warp
threads, and a better separation or clearance of such pile warp threads, with.
the linen or binding warp threads spaced intermediate of them, will be obtained
fully up to the recently formed fabric, whilst I am also enabled to use a reed
sufficiently coarse to allow of the knots in the warps passing. freely through the
dents, thus ensuring considerably less breakage in the warps, and yet keeping
the warp threads in their proper position; so that any two threads of the pile
warp or any two threads of the linen or binding warp are prevented getting
together, so as to hold to each other when being woven into, cloth; and. the
general effect of this part of the improvements will be to obtain a more
uniform surface to the fabric. The leaves of. heddles D, D, are connected to:

page_text: the levers D', D, which by means of rods D³, D³, are connected to the outer
ends of levers D°, D, which have trucks or rollers, which are actuated by the
cams or tappets D', D', on the shaft g, upon which is affixed the toothed
wheel g', which is taken into by and receives motion from the pinion g², affixed
on the shaft or axis B. E is the work or breast beam, which is supplied with
points, by which to take into the back of the fabric and draw it forward.
Letting-off motions are applied to the separate warp beams, and there are
motions for insuring the proper tension to those warps in their passage to the.
fabric; there is.also a taking-up motion applied to the work or breast roller,
but as such motions form no part of my present improvements I have not
thought proper further to refer to them. E' is, a small roller, which is supported
upon the outer ends of lever arms E³, whose inner ends are weighted for the
purpose of pressing the work on to the points on the surface of the roller E;
and thereby insuring a correct holding thereof; F is the batten, which it will
be seen is cut away at that part from (3) to (3), which in power looms forms
the support to the shuttle as it passes through the open shed. This cutting
away of the bottom of the batten is in order to admit of that part of the pile
warp which for the time is in the lower half of the shed, descending, as
explained, considerably below the linen or binding warp, or that which would
be necessary simply for the passage of the shuttle through the shed. F is the
reed, tho dents of which, as stated, I place closer together for a short distance
inwards from each selvage than at the centre part; and supposing there to be
twenty dents to the inch at the middle and to within three inches of each selvage,
I-prefer, in carrying out this part of my present improvements, to employ forty
dents to the inch for the remaining portion of the reed to the selvage; but
these numbers may be varied.
It will be seen that whilst the batten is supported upon arms or swords
F which are supported from below upon an axis F3, capable of turning
in bearings carried by the main framing, that, according to one part of my.
present improvements, in place of its receiving direct and positive motion.
by means of links actuated by cranks formed on the axis B, there is
affixed to the axis Fan arm F4, which carries a truck F, which is acted
upon by the rises on the cam or tappet Fo, affixed to the tappet shaft H,
for the purpose of taking the batten back from the work after a beat-up, '
whilst the batten is otherwise continually drawn towards the work by means of
the spring F, one end of which is connected to the main framing and the
other to the arm F, so that as soon as the truck or roller I passes from one
of the projections or rises on the cam or tappet F, the spring F draws the
batten to the work with. force..to effect the beat-up, and by the elastic force

page_text: obtained from the spring a quick elastic and double beat is obtained, par-
ticularly adapted, as already stated, to the weaving of plush and other fabrics
when a quick but elastic beat-up is required; and when weaving plush, I am
enabled thereby to introduce a greater number of wires per inch without
injury to the threads.
In order that the parts of the batten may be as light as possible, I by
preference form the swords or arms F2 of light wood, and I separate the
middle part of the batten, or that which carries the reed, from the ends of it,
which carry the shuttle boxes, and these end parts with the shuttle boxes I
affix stationary by brackets Fs to the loom. These parts are more clearly
shewn by the separate view, Figure 5, where the separation of the central
or moving part of the batten from the ends F, carrying the shuttle boxes,
is indicated by the lines (1), (1), (1), (1). The forming the shuttle boxes
separate from the other part of the batten, and stationary, is also applicable
when the central portion of the batten or that carrying the reed, and parts
carried thereby for the beat-up, are supported so as to swing from centres of
motion at the upper part of the loom, and are actuated by tappets and springs
for the beat-up, as explained.
By thus forming the shuttle boxes separate from the other part of the batten,
and stationary, in place of their moving with the part of the batten to which
the reed is affixed, the width of moving part or batten is considerably reduced,
and the vibration consequent upon the extension of those parts when the
shuttle boxes are fixed to the going part will be lessened, whereby the beat-up
will be more steady when obtaining quick motions thereto; and such arrange-
ment of parts is also applicable when actuating such batten otherwise than
as described under these improvements.
In order that when carrying out this part of my present improvements the
stopping of the loom may be effected when the shuttle does not properly box,
I apply to each box separate lever arms I, acted upon by the swell on the
entering of a shuttle, and these lever arms I are affixed to axes I', which are
capable of turning in bearings 12, carried by the loom, which axes have each
another arm Is, with a stud projecting therefrom, which enters the slot formed
in a lever arm I, affixed one to each end of the axis I', extending across the
loom, whilst the axis I is supported by the sliding pieces I, 16. The lever
arms I have each a projection I', capable of coming against projections I³,
applied to the swords or arms F2. When the shuttle properly boxes; the one or
other of the lever arms I will be acted upon to raise the outer end of one of
the lever arms Is, and thereby to lift its lever arm I', by which the other
lever arm I will in like manner be raised, and, in the coming forward of the

page_text: batten the projections Is thereon will not be acted upon by a projection I'; but
in the event of a shuttle stopping in the shed, or otherwise not properly
boxing, whereby neither of the lever arms I will be acted upon, the outer
ends of the lever arms I will remain in their lowest position, such that the
projections I will both meet the projections Is on the arms or swords of the
batten when the batten comes forward for the beat-up, and thereby stop its
forward motion, whilst the forward movement thereby given to the sliding
pieces I will cause the projection 1' from one of them to act upon the tail I¹º,
affixed to the axis J10, by which the catch J" will release the lever arm J¹,
and by acting upon the stop motion stop the loom.
J is a fork or feeler, according to another part of my improvements, for
stopping the motions of the loon, when, in the manufacture of plush and
other pile fabrics, a wire fails at the proper time to be withdrawn from
the recently formed fabric by the withdrawing instrument. This fork or
feeler is supported so as to move upon an axis at J' from the upper end
of the lever J', whilst at J2 the lever J is formed with a catch to take
hold of the catch J. When a wire is being withdrawn by its withdrawing
instrument, the wire acts upon the end J of the instrument J to depress
it, and thereby raise its end Jº; but when from any cause a wire fails
to be withdrawn at the proper time, the end J will be left resting upon
the upper surface of the lever J³, and in the movement given at such time
to that lever from the cam J', as hereafter explained, the catch formed
on the upper end of the lever J³ will take hold of the catch formed on the
end J of the lever J, by which the lever J' will be caused to turn upon
its axis Jo, when the pin J of the lever J° will be acted upon by the slot
formed in the end of the lever J', to move that lever J, and with it the axis
Jo, to which it is affixed.. Upon the axis J is also affixed the arm J", with
a catch for holding the arm J of the releasing instrument, for releasing the
spring lever, by which the strap will be thrown off the fast on to the loose
pulley, as is well understood. The cam J³ acts upon the truck or bowl J¹³,
carried by the lever arm J", affixed to the axis J, upon which is affixed the
arm J, which by means of the link J" is attached to the lower end of the
lever Js, as shown. Upon the axis J is also affixed the arm J18, which by a
connecting rod J¹ is connected to the lower end of the lever K, which turns
upon the axis K', and at its upper end is formed with a catch capable of
taking hold of the catch L', formed upon the weft fork L, to stop the loom in
the absence of weft at the time for laying in of weft, by the traverse of the
shuttle from the right to the left hand shuttle box, and the cam J5 is so formed
that the lever arm J³ with its catch is only brought into position to act upon

page_text: the feeler J at the time when in the working of the loom a wire should be
withdrawn from the fabric, and that the lever arm K with its catch is only
brought into operation to act upon the weft feeler L when a weft thread
should have been laid in the fabric by the passage of the shuttle from the
right to the left hand, shuttle box. The weft feeler is supported upon the
upper end of the lever L², which turns upon the stud K', and at its lower end
has a slot to receive a stud L³, projecting from the upper end of the lever M,
which is also affixed to the axis J10, by which, when by the absence of weft at
the time stated, the catch on the outer end of the weft fork L is taken by
the catch on the lever K, the lever L³ will by the arm M act upon the axis
J10 to withdraw the catch J", and thence upon the stop motion, as already
explained.
N is one of the pile wires; and i is the carrier instrument, which holds
the head of each wire during its insertion, and again withdraws it; but as
such carrier and its mode of operation have already been fully described in
the: Specifications of recent Patents granted to me, I have not thought it
necessary to repeat the description of the same here further than to say,
that the releasing of the catch is in the present case effected by the stud
230, and in its movement along the bar or rail j the carrier is actuated
by the lever O, which turns upon a centre of motion 0³, carried by the arm
O from the axis O, and which, by means of a connecting link O³, is,con-
nected to the upper end of the lever O', which turns upon the axis O³; and
at its other end carries a truck or roller 0%, which bears upon. and is actu-
ated by the cam 07, affixed to the axis 0%, upon which is affixed the bevilled
pinion 0%, which takes into and receives motion from the bevilled pinion O¹º
upon the axis H. The bar or rail j is supported by the arms 0" from the
axis O, which is capable of movement in bearings carried by the main
framing, as shown.
k is a trough, for supporting each wire as withdrawn by its withdrawing
instrument from the fabric, and till its re-insertion, according to one part
of improvements, for which Letters Patent were granted to me on the
Twenty-second day of May, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five; but
according to the present arrangement, I affix that trough to and so as to move
with the arms or carriers, by which the instrument for inserting and with-
drawing the wires in succession is supported, by which simplicity in the work-
ing of the parts is obtained. This trough k is supported at one end by being
attached to the plate P, affixed to one of the arms O", whilst at the other end
it is affixed to a plate P', affixed to the other arm O". This plate P' also
carries the finger Q, which, by pressing against the point of the wire, causes it

page_text: upper
to go correctly. and steadily into the open shed. is a stud for acting upon
the catch, for releasing the lever, to release the head of the wire from the
carrier, as described in the Specification of the said Patent before referred to.
The bar or rail j, and with it the trough are moved into the positions neces-
sary for inserting a wire into the open shed, for holding the wire till acted upon
by the finger N, and for withdrawing a wire from the fabric by the rod O¹³,
one end of which is attached to one of the arms O", and the other to the
end of the lever 01, which turns upon the axis O, and at its other end carries
a truck or roller O", which is acted upon by the cam or tappet O". S is a
support to the wire, to aid also in conducting it correctly into the open shed;
and T is an instrument for keeping the weft thread as carried by the shuttle
from rising and becoming entangled with the projecting plate Z, which serves
to support the heads of the wires whilst they are in the fabric. The instru
ment m is actuated by the cam m', affixed upon the shaft H, by that cam
acting upon the truck or roller m², carried by the lever m³, to which is affixed
one end of the connecting rod m, the other end of which is attached to the
instrument m....
Figures x and y show two views of an arrangement of temple according to
my improvements. a is the plate, over which the work passes to the breast
roller or beam; 6 are jaws or nippers, of which there are two to each selvage
of the fabric; they each consist of an upper jaw (1), which is serrated or
roughened, and a lower one (2), in which is applied a surface of leather, india-`
rubber, or other suitable elastic material, to prevent in the stretching of the
fabric a cutting or tearing thereto when light fabrics are being woven, and
between these two jaws the selvage of the fabric is held. The two jaws of each
nipper are connected together so as to turn upon the pin joint (3), whilst the
upper jaw is extended so as to form an arm (4), which is connected by a link c
to the lever d. The lower jaw (2) of each of the temples is formed to slide
upon the underside of the plate a, & they are guided in their movements by
the guides (5) & (6). There are two levers d which turn upon a centre of
motion d', whilst each lever d has connected to it two links c; 'to actuate in
like manner simultaneously a temple at each side of the fabric, as well as a
connecting rod d², actuated by a tappet or cam so as to operate the jaws. . I
have not thought it necessary to show the cams or tappets for operating these
levers d, but they are arranged to give like motions to each of them, but alter-
nately; so that whilst one pair of temples are opening to release the fabric,
the other will be distending it, and the action upon each temple will be, first,
to close the jaws, then to cause the temples to, slide, outwards, thereby to dis-
tend the fabric; whilst they are also capable of coming forward somewhat with

page_text: it as produced, and are then borne back by springs e, e, when again opened in
order to their taking a fresh quantity in advance. fare stops to prevent their
too forward motion.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the means
which I adopt in carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood
that I do not confine myself to the precise details herein shewn and described,
as variations may be made therein without departing from the general cha-
racter of the different parts of my improvements; but what I do claim is, the
so arranging, combining, and operating the parts of a loom for weaving plush
by power, that that portion of the pile warp which for the time is in the lower
portion of the shed may have an increased descending motion given to it to
depress it below the linen or binding warp, in order that the pile warps may
clear each other fully up to the formed fabric after each change of the pile
warps, as explained.
Also, I claim the so arranging the reed of the batten, that an increased
number of dents to the inch may be employed for a short distance inwards
from each selvage of the fabric to what are employed at the middle portion of
the reed, as explained.
Also, 1 claim the arranging and operating the parts in connection with the
batten for effecting the beat-up, as explained.
Also, I claim the mode of applying the shuttle boxes separate from the
moving part of the batten, as explained.
Also, I claim the mode of arranging a fork or feeler and parts connected
therewith, for stopping the motions of the loom when a wire fails to be with-
drawn from the fabric at the time for withdrawing one.
Also, I claim the mode of applying the trough k, as described.
Also, I claim the mode of arranging and operating "temples," as herein
explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Collier, have hereunto set'iny
hand and seal, this Twelfth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
Witness,
T. PALETHORPE,
Halifax.
GEORGE COLLIER. (L.8.)