Improvements in or relating to Pedals for Cycles.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 4th July, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 4th Apr., 1894-Accepted, 5th May, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Pedals for Cycles.
I, JAMES RICHARD TRIGWELL, of 146, Brixton Hill, in the County of Surrey,
Cycle Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:
:―
This invention relates to pedals for cycles the chief feature being an arrangement
by which the amount of clearance required at the back of the crank is materially
reduced while the balls are enabled to run upon hardened bearings at both ends
instead of as at present upon a comparatively soft bearing at one end. I have also
a device by which the balls can be retained in the body of the pedal when it is
taken off the pin thus saving them from getting lost.
The usual plan in securing the pedal pin to the crank is to have a collar upon
the pedal pin (this collar forming one of the cones for the balls to run upon) the
pedal pin extending through the crank to the back and a nut being placed upon it.
This nut and the end of the pin thus extend to some little distance usually about
Fath of an inch at the back of the crank and as the cranks are brought as close as
possible together to diminish the width of the tread in not a few cases dangerous
accidents have occurred by the chain coming in contact with the nut or pin. I
avoid this difficulty by providing the pin with a head which I prefer to round to a
relatively thin edge the pin being passed through the crank from the back and the
head fitting close against the back of the crank; by this means the end of the pin
need project but a short distance behind the crank the end of which may be
brought forward a little so as to carry the back of the pin still further out while
the rounded head would cause the chain, supposing by any means it touched it, to
slip off without doing any damage. The neck of the pin may be flattened to fit the
hole or slot through which it passes.
The crank pin is secured in the crank by means of a nut screwed on the other
side and this nut I form with the cone to provide the pedal bearing hardening the
whole or a portion of the nut. The uut can be recessed and made very thin while
still providing a full bearing for the spanner and obtaining a sufficiently long
bearing upon the pedal pin. If desired the pedal pin may be screwed into the
crank in which case the nut would act as a lock nut.
The pedal pin may as previously mentioned be screwed into the crank from the
back preferably by means of a pin spanner and holes in the head of the pedal pin
and the cone may be fitted on to a smooth portion of the pedal pin and kept from
turning by a feather flat or equivalent arrangement; this would still give the
hardened bearing to the inner end of the pedal.
Or the cone or ball-race may be provided in the end of the crank which may be
suitably shaped and hardened."
To retain the balls in the body of the pedal I provide a ring or extension around
the edge of the ball-race in the pedal and I also employ a spring ring or collar or
equivalent which can be slipped into the open end of the ball-race after the balls
are in place. These rings are so arranged as not to interfere with the working of
the balls but nevertheless fit so close together that the balls cannot escape without
one of the rings being removed, the outer ring being preferably incomplete and
formed as a spring for this purpose. Or instead of splitting the ring or collar it
may be made a nice fit in the pedal so as to hold sufficiently firmly.
Dated this 4th day of July 1893.
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in or relating to Pedals for Cycles.
I, JAMES RICHARD TRIGWELL of 146 Brixton Hill, in the County of Surrey,
Cycle Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to pedals for cycles the chief feature being an arrangement
by which the amount of clearance required at the back of the crank is materially
reduced while the balls are enabled to run upon hardened bearings at both ends
instead of as at present upon a comparatively soft bearing at one end. I have also a
device by which the balls can be retained in the body of the pedal when it is taken
off the pin thus saving them from getting lost.
I avoid these drawbacks in the manner now to be explained; the invention will
be best understood by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which
Figure 1 is an elevation of a crank and pedal constructed according to this
invention.
Figure 2 is a section through the pedal showing the pedal pin and end of
crank.
Figure 3 is a face view of the recessed nut.
Figure 4 is a cross section of the same.
Figure 5 shows the corresponding nut at the outer end of the pedal pin and
Figures 6 and 7 are respectively a front view and a cross section of the spring
washer which retains the balls in place.
Like letters indicate like parts throughout the drawings.
A is the crank which may be of any ordinary construction and is preferably
formed with its outer end set forward as shown in Figure 1 so that a recess is
formed at A in which the head B¹ of the pedal pin B is accommodated so that the
head B' projects very little if at all behind the level of the back A³ of the crank A.
The pedal pin B is placed through the hole in the crank from the back, this hole
and the shank of the pedal pin B2 being flattened, squared or otherwise arranged
so that the pin will not turn in the crank. The pedal pin is screwed at B³ and
upon this screws the nut C which when screwed home securely fastens the pedal
pin B in the crank which is fixed between the head B₁ and the nut C as will be
well understood. The nut C is recessed as shown at C₁ partly to lighten it and
partly to provide accommodation for the projecting collar D' of the end plate D of
the pedal. At C² the nut C is coned to afford a bearing surface for the ring of
balls E the whole of the nut C being preferably hardened although the bearing
surface C only may be hardened if preferred.
At the outer end of the pedal the construction is that usually adopted, the nut F
Figure 5 screwing on to the outer end of the pedal pin B, and having a conical
surface F upon which the ring of balls G bear. To adjust the bearing the nut F
is screwed further on or further off the pin B; when screwed further on it pushes
the ring of balls G and consequently the pedal, and through the pedal the second
ring of balls E driving them up the cone bearing surface C2 and thus tightening
both bearings in a manner now perfectly well understood by cycle builders. It
will be evident that by this means the extensive projection usually found at the
back of the crank is entirely obviated while the head B' being preferably rounded
as shown affords no bearing surface to the chain gear case or other obstruction
should it by any chance, as when the crauk is bent by an accident engage:
therewith.
If desired the screwed portion B³ of the pin B may be extended along the shank

page_text: right up to the head B' and the pin screwed into the crank, the hole in which.
would be also screwed for this purpose; the other parts would be constructed and
operate as previously described, the nut C acting in this case as a lock nut to.
prevent the pin B from becoming loose or turning round in the crank.
With this arrangement the head B₁ could be dispensed with and the pedal pin.
screwed in from the front instead of the back though it would be stronger if the
head were retained and the pin screwed in from the back.
It will be observed that the nut C takes up no more room than the fixed collar
usually formed upon the pedal pin B while it possesses the great advantage that it
can be adequately hardened whereas the fixed collar being a portion of the pin B.
cannot be properly hardened lest the pin should break.
The pedal pin may be as previously mentioned screwed into the crank from the
back preferably by means of a pin spanner and holes in the head of the pedal pin
and the cone may be fitted on to a smooth portion of the pedal pin and kept from
turning by a feather flat or equivalent arrangement; this would still give the
hardened bearing to the inner end of the pedal.
In order to retain the balls in the ball-race, I extend the collar D' sufficiently.
far and insert a split ring H, Figures 6 and 7, which taking a secure bearing upon
the inside of the collar D' prevents the balls from escaping. This is effected by
reason of the edge of the ball-race in the pedal end plate D being carried forward
at D as shown in Figure 2 so that the space from the shoulder or rim D³ to the-
inner face of the ring H is slightly too small for the balls to pass notwithstanding
that there is ample room for the balls to work with perfect freedom when all the
parts are in place; when the pedal is properly adjusted the balls E do not touch
the ring H at all the conical bearing surface C' or F¹ preventing this. The ring H
is used at both ends of the pedal so that the pedal itself can be entirely removed
from the pin B and nuts C and F carrying the balls with it, and without any
danger of their falling out.
Although I prefer to split the washer H and spring it into position the washer
will hold sufficiently without being split if it be a good fit in the collar D', or it
may be fixed there by a little solder or the like.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-.
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a crank and pedal pin attachment a nut such as C which serves the double
purpose of securing the pedal pin to the crank by screwing against the latter and
acting as a ball race for the ring of balls which forms one of the bearings for the
pedal.
2. The combination with a pedal pin and a pedal of a nut such as C which
secures or locks the pedal pin to the crank by screwing against the latter and
provides a bearing surface for the ring of balls at one end of the pedal.
3. Securing a pedal pin to the crank by means of a nut such as C which screws
against the crank and also serves as a bearing for the ring of balls at one end of
the pedal.
4. The combination with the pedal pin B B₁ and crank A A² of a nut such
as C C² substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
5. The combination with the back plate of a pedal forming one of the bearings
for the ring of balls of a nut such as C screwing against the crank and providing
the other bearing for the ring of balls substantially as described and illustrated in
the accompanying drawings.
6. The combination with a ball-bearing-ball-race of a ring such as H sub-
stantially as and for the purpose described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
7. In a ball-bearing-ball-race the combination of a ring such as H and shoulder
such as D substantially as and for the purpose described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.

page_text: 8. In a ball-bearing-ball-race the employment of a ring such as H substantially
as and for the purpose described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 3rd day of April 1894.
J. R. TRIGWELL.
W. P. Thompson & Boult,
Agents for the Applicant.