matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR CUTTING-OUT CLOTHING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Edward Betts at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th.
September 1860.
I, JAMES EDWARD BETTS, of the Drapery, in the Town and County of
Northampton, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED MACHINE FOR CUTTING-OUT CLOTHING," to be as follows:-
My improved machine is applicable for the purpose of cutting-out clothing
of every description when required in large quantities, and is so arranged as to
be worked by the foot of the person guiding the material operated upon or by
other known means. The working parts of the machine are placed under-
neath a table supported on a suitable stand or frame, and consists of a driving
wheel keyed on a crank shaft, which is set in motion by the foot acting on a
treadle in the ordinary manner or by other known means. A band from the
driving wheel passes round a fixed pulley on another shaft to which it imparts-
motion, which is communicated by a crank to a rod furnished at its upper end
with a vertical knife or cutter. The said knife works between guides up and
down through a slot in the centre of the said table on which are placed the
several thicknesses of cloth or other material to be operated upon. Over the
centre of the table from end to end is carried a metal bar supporting an
adjustable foot or presser (having a slot through which the knife passes), the
purpose of which is to hold the several thicknesses of material down on the-
table while they are being cut through.
IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHEN RANGES AND THEIR BOILERS AND OVENS, SOME OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ABE ALSO APPLICABLE TO KETTLES AND OTHER UTENSILS OR APPARATUS FOR HEATING LIQUIDS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Bishop at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th July
1860.
I, JAMES BISHOP, of No. 1a, Gloucester Street, Gloucester, Gate, Regent's
Park, in the County of Middlesex, Coal Merchant, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHEN RANGES AND THEIR
BOILERS AND OVENS, SOME OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ABE ALSO APPLICABLE TO KETTLES
AND OTHER UTENSILS OR APPARATUS FOR HEATING LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing a kitchen range or stove with a
boiler, with tubes or passages through the same communicating with the fire
or source of heat, and conveying the heat through the boiler, so as to get up
the heat and boil the water or liquid contained therein with greater speed and
certainty. This boiler may likewise be provided with outside tubes, half tubes,
or beat passages, but so placed that the heat may circulate through the same.
These kitchen ranges are likewise provided (as usual) with ovens, which have
similar tubes or passages to those described passing around or through them.
These kitchen ranges are constructed also with the means of contracting the fire
space without resorting to the expensive winding apparatus usually employed,
which consists in the adoption of slides or cheek pieces, which are, when used, to be
dropped or fitted into and withdrawn from grooves provided in the back of and
the front bars of the fire space. And in the said kitchen ranges I have a pro-
vision for supporting the kettles, saucepans, pots, or other utensils without

page_text: resting on the top of the fuel, and upon this the kettles, saucepans, pots, or
other vessels may be placed, or they may be placed upon a hanger attached to
this trivet, so as to descend closer to the top of the fire.
It is evident that the fire tubes above described may be applied to kettles,
saucepans, pots, and utensils or apparatus of similar character, passing them
through and outside, or outside such utensils, as may be deemed expedient.
This is the nature of the said Invention, the details whereof may probably be
varied in practice.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PUMPING ENGINES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Barclay at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
February 1860.
I, ANDREW BARCLAY, of Kilmarnock, in the County of Ayr, North Britain,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PUMPING ENGINES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of steam engines
which are more particularly applicable to the raising of water from mines and
other similar places.
Under one modification the cylinder of the engine is arranged at the side of
the mouth of the shaft up which the water is to be raised. The cylinder is
bolted down to a suitable substructure or foundation, and is placed upon this
so as to stand quite clear of the mouth of the shaft, or it may project to a
small extent over it. The piston rod is connected to an overhead beam; the
connection to this beam is not made at the centre, but at such a distance from
the end as to allow of the front extremity overhanging the mouth of the
contiguous shaft, and admit of the easy connection of the pump rods thereto.
The other portion of the beam, which may be about three parts of its length
from the point of connection with the piston rod, extends backwards away from
the mouth of the shaft, the extremity of the beam being jointed to a vertical
rocking shaft, which serves to sustain the overhanging end.
The air-pump is conveniently arranged between the cylinder and the end

page_text: In
rocking shaft, the pump rod being connected to the beam overhead.
engines arranged in this manner the pump rods are connected directly to the
overhanging portion of the beam, so that they are perfectly free from any
obstruction, and may be readily disconnected without interfering with any part
of the engine, which is wholly out of the way of the pumping gear. The
arrangement of these engines may also be modified so as to have the cylinder
fitted above the beam; in this case the beam is arranged in a cavity made in
the foundation or other convenient position. The fore end of the beam projects
over the mouth of the shaft so as to be clear of the other parts of the engine,.
and the other working details are arranged in any convenient manner. In lieu
of this mode the cylinder may be placed on one side of the shaft, and the beam
arranged to extend across the shaft; the extremity of the beam is connected
to the piston rod, and the pump rods are attached to the beam at the part
which is directly over the mouth of the shaft.
These engines, while they possess the advantages of the beam engine, are
much more economical in prime cost, as the expense of a costly foundation and
house is avoided, at the same time all the parts are easy of access.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES AND FIRE-PLACES."
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Jordan Firmin, of the Atlas Chemical
Works, Borough Road, Southwark, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FURNACES AND FIRE-PLACES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Jordan Firmin
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 26th June 1860.
I, GEORGE JORDAN FIRMIN, of the Atlas Chemical Works, Borough Road,
Southwark, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FURNACES AND FIRE-PLACES," to be as follows:—―
This Invention has for its object improvements in furnaces and fire-places.
For theso purposes, in those furnaces in fire-places where the fuel is fed up
from below the fire-bars through an opening (which is generally in the middle
of the fire-place or furnace), two sets of short bars or teeth are applied on axes,
one set on each side of the opening, through which the fuel is raised from
below into the fire-place or furnace. The object is, that the two sets of short
bars or teeth should, by reason of their being mounted on axes, give way and
be moved upwards as the fuel is lifted, but that they should (when the central

page_text: platform or set of bars descends to have a fresh supply of fuel placed thereon)
descend and stand across the opening, and support the fuel which is above
them till the platform or central set of bars again rises so as to bring the
fresh fuel against the under surfaces of the two sets of short fire-bars or teeth.
By thus applying two sets of short bars or teeth at the opening into a furnace
or fire-place, the inconvenience heretofore resulting from having fire-bars or
supports which require to slide across the opening into a fire-place or furnace
will be avoided, as the two sets of short bars or teeth are rendered self-
acting.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TESTING INSULATED CONDUCTORS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Orange Wildman White-
house at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 1st August 1860.
I, EDWARD ORANGE WILDMAN WHITEHOUSE, of Brighton, in the County of
Sussex, Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TESTING INSULATED CONDUCTORS," to be as follows:-
My said Invention has for its object the detection of any displacement or
departure of the conducting wire from its true position in the centre of the
mass of the insulating material, and consists in placing parallel with the wire
to be tested, and within a short distance, a fixed conducting wire rod or bar,
which is made to form part of the same circuit as that of the insulated con-
ductor, or of a circuit parallel therewith. Between these two conductors is
placed a magnetic needle, and the circuit with a battery is arranged so that
the effect of one of the conductors upon the needle shall accurately com-
pensate or neutralize that of the other so long as the relative distances of the
two from the needle shall remain unaltered. Now, if the insulated conductor
to be tested being always maintained, so far as its outer covering is concerned,
at the same distance from the needle, be made to pass lengthwise in the
direction of its own axis, any improper or faulty centreing of the wire will be
made manifest by the disturbance of the equilibrium previously existing, and
by the consequent deflection of the needle from the zero at which it stood.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR DOORS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Crispin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd February
1860.
I, WILLIAM HENRY CRISPIN, of Marsh Gate Lane, Stratford, in the County
of Essex, Copper Smelter, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR DOORS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain arrangements whereby the inconveniences
attendant upon locks being attached to doors in the ordinary way are
obviated.
A simple latch bolt is constructed and arranged within a suitable case, the
same being fitted into a mortice formed in the door frame, and the bolt being
actuated by knobs mounted on a horizontal spindle, or by handles and cranks,
or other analogous arrangements. The edge of the door itself is furnished
with a face or striking plate containing a slot or socket for the admission of
the bolt. In order to prevent the bolt (when desired) from being actuated by
the knobs or handles in the usual way a pin or stud operated upon by a suit-
ablo key is arranged, so as to pass into a corresponding slot or opening in the
bolt, thus securing the advantages of an ordinary lock.
MEANS AND APPARATUS USED IN STEAM ENGINES FOR EXPELLING OUT OF THE CYLINDERS THE CONDENSED WATER AND TO EMPLOY THIS WATER FOR THE ALIMENTATION OF BOILERS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alphonse Delesalle at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th September
1860.
I, ALPHONSE DELESALLE, of Lille, in the Departement of the "Nord," in the
Empire of France, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "MEANS AND APPARATUS USED IN STEAM ENGINES FOR EXPELLING
OUT OF THE CYLINDERS THE CONDENSED WATER AND TO EMPLOY THIS WATER FOR THE
ALIMENTATION OF BOILERS," to be as follows:-
I propose to conduct the water as fast as it is produced by condensation
directly from the cylinder to the boiler, and for this purpose I place at the
bottom of the cylinder a metal pipe or tube which unites it to the boiler, the
top of which must be lower than the bottom of the cylinder, in order that
the water may by its own weight run through the tube to the boiler. In
the accompanying Drawing A indicates the cylinder of a steam engine and its
casing; B, the steam boiler; C, the tube or pipe for conducting the con-
densed water from the casing of the cylinder to the boiler. D, a stop cock by
the aid of which the engineer may easily set in action the steam engine and
the purging apparatus, the regular action of which he can ascertain by means
of a stop cock E, on the small tube which communicates with the condenser;
but this checking apparatus is not absolutely necessary, and it will also be
apparent that many modifications may be made in the arrangement of the
several parts shewn without in any way deviating from the principle of my
Invention of conducting the condensed water directly from the cylinder to the
boiler, by which a great economy of fuel may be obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATING OR OILING VESSELS AND IN APPARATUS CON- NECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Henry Radcliffe, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
November 1860.
I, JACOB HENRY RADCLIFFE, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Iron
and Tin Plate Worker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATING OR OILING VESSELS AND IN APPARATUS CON-
NECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists of a tubular air chamber affixed to a hole about
three-sixteenths of an inch from the centre of a screw cap which is screwed
into the oil vessel receiving air from the outside, and delivering it about three
sixteenths of an inch from the centre, near to the screw cap, and opposite the
receiving hole inside the vessel. To effect this a tube is affixed, bent in the
form of a fork, one leg being a quarter of an inch longer than the other, and
screwed to the hole in the screw cap, so that it can be removed, cleaned, or
replaced by another when out of order, or to produce the same effect there is
affixed a small tube to the hole which is covered by another tube with a
crease and small aperture opening inside the vessel near the screw cap
and opposite to the air receiving hole. This is covered by another tube,
one end of which is closed and made to slide on the last tube, so that
the air will be delivered at the top inside the vessel, this case being move-
able, so that the air chamber or pipes may be cleaned when required or
out of order. There is also affixed a draw pipe to the centre of the serew
cap for conveying the oil from the said vessel when the oil is required to flow

page_text: at intervals, as in the process of manufacturing bolts; the bottle or vessel is
inverted and placed over the dies of the screwing machine, and the draw pipe
affixed to the die jar, so that the oil will flow when required upon the bolt
as the dies are brought together, the draw pipe being moved to the hole in the
centre of the screw cap at the same time. The vessel containing the oil being
placed in an inverted position in a bracket and resting upon a wire spring, there
is a lever or hammer which, being worked by means of a wheel and friction
pulley attached to the shaft or machine to which the the vessel and apparatus
is fixed, falls upon the vessel, and by the blow from the said hammer or lever
causes it to vibrate and to discharge the oil directly upon the place
requiring it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEPARATING COPPER FROM ITS ORES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Spence at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th December
1860.
I, PETER SPENCE, of Newton Heath, near Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEPARATING COPPER FROM ITS ORES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention refers particularly to the separation of copper from ores
which have been treated for the extraction of sulphur, but it is also applicable
to ores in their original condition. I take either of these (which must still
contain sulphur) and bring it into a finely divided state, and submit the thus
powdered material to heat in a furnace or other suitable apparatus, and I
then find that the whole or the greater part of the copper has been converted
into a salt soluble in water, and which may be dissolved in any convenient
manner. Or, if the whole be not rendered soluble, I subsequently treat
the calcined ore with suitable acids.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GUNPOWDER
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josiah Lorkin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th April
1860. A communication from abroad by Volney Maxwell, of Wilkes
Barre, in the United States of America.
I, JOSIAH LORKIN, of Brighton, in the County of Sussex, Gentleman, <lo
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF GUNPOWDER," (communicated to me from abroad by Volney
Maxwell, of Wilkes Barre, in the United States of America,) to be as
follows:-
Gunpowder as now manufactured is composed of saltpetre, charcoal,
and sulphur, and water is used to moisten and form these ingredients into
paste or cakes. The proportions of the saltpetre, charcoal, and sulphur vary
according to the nature of the particular gunpowder to be produced. Now
this Invention consists in diminishing the quantity of saltpetre by about 4
per cent. more or less, and in the employment of alcohol or spirit mixed with
the water for moistening the composition. Coloring matter may be added to
the spirit as a protection against its being imbibed.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PORTABLE AND TRACTION ENGINES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nathaniel Clayton and Joseph
Shuttleworth at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 17th May 1860.
We, NATHANIEL CLAYTON and JOSEPH SHUTTLEWORTH, of Stamp End
Works, Lincoln, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PORTABLE AND TRACTION ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in portable engines to
render them more efficient for traction purposes, and consists in suspending the
boiler to the main axle, or placing the axle above the centre of the boiler.
. This arrangement involves the necessity of larger travelling wheels, which
is a great advantage for locomotion, and rendering the application of the
power more simple and direct. The peculiarity consists in suspending the
boiler to the main axle, and placing the same above the centre of the boiler.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBONATE OF LEAD AND OF CHLORINE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Robinson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th January
1860.
I, GEORGE ROBINSON, of the Town and County of the Town of Newcastle-
upon-Tyne, Doctor of Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBONATE OF LEAD
AND OF CHLORINE," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, first, in the manufacture of chloride of lead by
adding muriatic acid to minium or red oxide of lead; during this operation
chlorine gas is given off. I collect this gas and employ it in the manufacture
of chloride of lime and other purposes for which it is or may be used.
Secondly, in the conversion of the chloride of lead thus formed into a
carbonate of lead (white lead), by mixing the aqueous solution of the chloride
with a similar solution of carbonate (or preferably, of the sesqui-carbonate or
bi-carbonate) of ammonia. The white lead or carbonate of lead is precipitated,
and on being washed and dried may either be employed as a paint, or may be
reconverted by heat into red oxide of lead, to be used as before, and otherwise,
while muriate of ammonia remains in solution, and may be obtained by boiling
away the water.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN SUPPLYING HOT BLAST TO FURNACES."
Year: 1860

page_text: . LETTERS PATENT to Isaac Lowthian Bell, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, for the
Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN SUPPLYING HOT BLAST TO FURNACES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Isaac Lowthian Bell at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th January 1860.
I, ISAAC LOWTHIAN BELL, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN SUPPLYING HOT BLAST TO
FURNACES," to be as follows:-
I take an air-tight case of iron, having its sides and ends protected by a
lining, so as to avoid its receiving injury from fire, to which it would be other-
wise exposed. This case may be cylindrical or of other convenient form.
Upon the upper end is placed a chimney provided with an air-tight valve. In
a chamber or chambers at the lower end are the means of kindling a sufficiently
powerful fire, and above this fire the remainder of the space is filled up with
material of a sufficiently refractory nature to stand the action of any tempera-
ture to which it may be required to be subjected. This material is so arranged
that the flame and heat produced by the fire at the bottom of the apparatus

page_text: may pass freely among its various parts in the same way that is followed when
it is desired to fire bricks or articles of clay or earthenware in close kilns. On
lighting the fire the air-tight valve is opened, when the contents of the case
speedily have their temperature very considerably raised, after which the top
valve is shut, a precaution which is also taken with any aperture at the bottom
required in connection with the fire, and in this condition the case itself with
its contents are a hermetically closed receptacle of a great amount of heat. A
communication by preference at the upper part of the case is now opened with
the blowing machinery, and at the lower end another communication with the
blast furnace, when the compressed air passing down through the heated con-
tents has its temperature raised to the point required in the smelting of iron.
As soon as the blast can no longer be maintained at the requisite heat, from
the loss of heating power possessed by the contents of the case, the connection
between the blowing engine and the case, and between the case and the
furnace are suspended, and the fire again used as before, by which the heating
power is again restored to the interior of the apparatus to be again expended in
raising the temperature of future portions of compressed air. Two such cases
are required at least, so that while one is communicating its heat to the blast
the second one is having its contents exposed to the action of its fire, so as to
be ready for work as soon as the first is exhausted, and in this way a continuous
power of heating the air for blowing the furnace is maintained.
A CENTRIFUGAL HYDRAULIC PUMP
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Faure at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th. August
1860.
I, PIERRE FAURE, of the Town of Avignon, in the Department of the
Vaucluse, in the Empire of France, Treasurer of the Seminary of Avignon,
aforesaid, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A CENTRIFUGAL
HYDRAULIC PUMP," to be as follows:-
My proposed pump will turn on a pivot resting in a socket solidly fixed to
the bottom of a well, or of a watercourse, and its axle or shaft will be upheld
by two rings, one near the bottom and another above the well. The pump will
be set at work by means of two bevil wheels one attached to the pump, and
the other to a separate shaft terminating with a crank, which may be turned
by hand or other power. The body of the pump will be composed of an
ascending pipe perferated near its lower extremity of a valve immediately
above the said perforated part of two or more branches slightly curved down-
wards terminating in an ajutage, and at the summit of the ascending pipe or
tube will be a funnel by which the pump will be primed, and which will
(then) be shut off from the pipe by a stop cock provided for that purpose.
The tube being now primed, the branches will be filled with water, and if
rapid rotation be communicated to the machine, the water contained in the
branches will escape with great rapidity through the ajutages, which will be
so small as to admit no air; a vacuum will necessarily be created within the
tube, and as certainly filled by the water from the well or stream, which will

page_text: enter the perforations, rise above the valve, and issue from the branches in a
continuous stream.
When applied to garden engines, I propose placing the branch or branches
above the bevil wheels and crank (and not below them as for the pump above
described) and to give to the branch an upward curve, and by this arrange-
ment the water will, when ejected, descend in a fine rain all around the
operator, but will leave him in a perfectly dry, position.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN BOOTS, SHOES, CLOGS, AND SUCH LIKE COVERINGS FOR THE FEET
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Sample at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th January
1860.
I, GEORGE SAMPLE, of Montague Place, Whitechapel, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BOOTS, SHOES, CLOGS, AND SUCH LIKE COVERINGS FOR THE FEET," to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists in making boots, shoes, clogs, and such like
coverings for the feet in the following manner, that is to say, I propose to
make the soles and heels thereof of wood and leather, and the waist of leather
only. This combination of wood and leather, in the manufacture of shoes and
clogs, forms no part of this Invention, except in so far as relates to the method'
of connecting such materials together and to the uppers in the following
manner: The upper being lasted in the usual way, a half sole of wood is then
connected thereto either by sprigs, nails, or screws from the outside, and to this
wooden sole a half sole of leather is affixed by sprigs or otherwise; the waist of i
the boot or other covering for the feet is then affixed to the upper by sprigs-
or nails, said waist, if desirable, may be extended under the heel part of the
upper. A heel of wood is then affixed to the upper by sprigs or nails from
the inside thereof, and finally the bottom of the heel is covered with a piece of.

page_text: leather. In making clogs according to this Invention, I propose to make the
soles and heels thereof either of wood only or of wood and leather, and connect
them to the upper as before stated, and I also make the waist of leather. By
these means I obtain a cheap, light, comfortable, and durable covering for the
feet comparatively water-tight.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BREECH-PIECES OF BREECH-LOADING CANNON
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Origen Vandenburgh at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th December
1860.
I, General ORIGEN VANDENBURGH, of New York, in the United States of
America, temporarily residing in London, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BREECH-PIECES OF BREECH-LOADING
CANNON," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates more particularly to the breech-pieces of what are
known as Clay's and Whitworth's breech-loading guns, and is applicable also
to other guns provided with breech-pieces of a similar nature.
According to this Invention it is proposed to increase the weight of the
breech-piece in proportion to the weight of the projectile, so that the inertia
of the breech-piece will be considerably greater than that of the shot, and
consequently the strain upon the breech-piece will be less in proportion as its
weight is greater than the projectile. In carrying out this principle in
practise, I propose to form on or add to the rear of the breech-piece, in a
line with the bore of the gun, a mass of metal in the form of a long solid
boss, extending rearward. The breech-piece itself may be fitted to the gun in
the usual or other convenient manner.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE TIRES OF WHEELS FOR VEHICLES USED ON COMMON ROADS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Rebecca Thomas at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the 24th July
1860.
I, REBECCA THOMAS, of Bath Street, Tabernacle Square, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declaro the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE TIRES OF WHEELS FOR VEHICLES USED ON COMMON ROADS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object the securing of tires on wheels more effec-
tually than heretofore, so that in the event of the tire breaking, it will
nevertheless remain attached to the felloe of the wheel. The following is an
example of the means by which I propose to effect the object of this Invention,.
that is to say:-I form the tire of the wheel with lugs or projections on the
edges thereof, at certain distances apart, the lugs on one edge coming. opposite.
to the spaces between the lugs on the other edge; these lugs are intended. to
embrace the felloe of the wheel, and may be connected thereto by screws.
passed through said lugs, or by bolts and nuts, or the said screws or bolts may
pass through the tire and felloe, or be secured to the tire and wheel in any
other convenient and suitable manner.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SINGEING THE CARCASSES OF DEAD PIGS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abraham Denny and Edward
Maynard Denny at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 17th December 1860.
We, ABRAHAM DENNY and EDWARD MAYNARD DENNY, both of Waterford,
Ireland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SINGEING THE CARCASSES OF DEAD PIGS," to be as
follows:-
These improvements relate to certain apparatus for singeing pigs, and
constitute further improvements upon the apparatus for which we obtained
Letters Patent, No. 276, dated 2nd February 1860.
Our present improvements consist in singeing the carcasses in a tunnel,
cylinder, or flue open at the two opposite ends, which may or may not be
provided with doors, and heated by fires or furnaces, arranged in a suitable
manner to allow a little or the whole of the flames to enter in the tunnel,
cylinder, or flue. The carcass of the pig to be singed is introduced into the
tunnel, cylinder, or flue when found to be sufficiently hot, and the hairs,
bristles, & other like matters are soon dried, when the flames from the fire or
fires quickly burn them off. The carcass is then withdrawn, either at the same
or opposite end, and another may be introduced to go under the same operation..
The tunnel, cylinder, or flue in which the carcasses are singed may be made to
connect with the flues of a boiler to heat water for scalding and other
purposes, or for the generation of steam. The tunnel, cylinder, or flue may
be made horizontal or vertical, and may be round, square, or other suitable
shape.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GOVERNORS OR REGULATORS FOR STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left.by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th June
1860. A communication from abroad by Narcisse Duvoir, of. Paris, in
the Empire of France, Mechanical Engineer.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GOVERNORS OR REGULATORS FOR STEAM ENGINES," a com-
munication from abroad by Narcisse Duvoir, of Paris, in the Empire of
France, Mechanical Engineer, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
centrifugal governor, and to a peculiar disposition of the throttle valve, and
mode of working the same. This improved governor, which is specially
adapted to marine engines from its capability of working in any position,
consists of a metal ring, carried by a spindle, passing diametrically through it,
and transversely through a hollow shaft, which rotates in suitable bearings
either in a horizontal, vertical, or inclined position. Within this hollow shaft
works a rod or bar, having a sufficiently large opening made in it to admit of
a toothed segment fast on the spindle of the ring gearing into a rack formed
on the inner surface of the opening above referred to in the internal rod or
bar. A helical spring, adjustable by means of a screw and thumb nut, is
attached to one end of the rod or bar, by which means the governor can be
made more or less sensitive. When at rest, or when the tubular shaft, which

page_text: may be driven by a band and pulley, or by gearing, is rotating slowly, the
ring lies nearly flat against the opposite sides of the shaft, being retained in
this position by the tension of the helical spring above referred to; but as the
speed increases, the ring gradually assumes a more vertical position until at
the highest speed it attains a position at right angles to the shaft; this move-
ment of the ring on its transverse axis turns more or less the toothed segment,
which causes the internal rod to slide longitudinally within the tubular shaft,
and this motion is transmitted in any convenient manner to the throttle valve,
so as to open or close the same.
In order to prevent the loss of steam which occurs by reason of its con-
densation in that part of the steam pipe comprised between the throttle valve
and the cylinder, it is proposed to reduce this space as much as possible, which
is accomplished by placing the throttle valve close to the steam chest, or by
inserting it into the back of the slide valve itself.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPE JOINTS AND VALVES FOR GAS OR WATER MAINS, AND SANATORY PURPOSES GENERALLY
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Higginbottom at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th Junc
1860.
I, WILLIAM HIGGINBOTTOM, of Whittington, in the County of Derby, Con-
tractor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PIPE JOINTS AND VALVES FOR GAS OR WATER MAINS, AND SANATORY PURPOSES
GENERALLY," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar and simple form of joint for carthen-
ware or metal pipes, whether intended for the conveyance of gas, water, or
drainage; and also to the construction of sluice valves and hydrants to be used
in connection with such pipes, and consists in jointing or connecting the ends
of the pipes without the aid of the ordinary socket cast or formed on the pipe
itself by means of a loose socket composed of metal or earthenware and
having a cavity inside, into which is forced by hydrostatic or other powerful
pressure a suitable cement which surrounds the joint, and when hard renders
it perfectly water-tight and strengthens the pipes at that part. The shells of
the valves and hydrants are made of earthenware in lieu of cast iron, and the
valve facings are fitted into their places by the same process described in
reference to the pipe joints, that is to say, by forcing cement round the valve
facings after they have been placed in their proper positions. By the use of
the peculiar pipe joint, above referred to, with earthenware pipes, and the
earthenware valve casings and hydrants, a great saving of water is obtained, as
the water being kept purer, the necessity for running off or cleansing the mains
is obviated, whilst the cost of material is considerably reduced.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN ENAMELLING OR COATING WITH GLASS CERTAIN KINDS OF METALLIC ARTICLES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Cha'. Fred. Clark at the Office-
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th October
1860.
I, CHA. FRED. CLARK, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford
Ironfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN ENAMELLING OR COATING WITH GLASS CERTAIN
KINDS OF METALLIC ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvement or improvements herein-after
described in enamelling or coating with glass, articles made of iron coated with
copper or alloy of copper, and which said articles only require to be enamelled
or coated with glass on a part or parts of their surface.
My Invention is particularly applicable to vessels, which require to be
enamelled only inside. I will describe my Invention as applied to the
enamelling of a vessel. The enamel I employ and the general method of
fusing it on the interior of the vessel differ in no essential respect from the
enamel and method of using it commonly employed, but I defend the outside
of the vessel from the action of the fire by means of a casing, which casing
may be suitably made of cast iron. The said casing is made, when convenient,
in one piece, and when necessary in two or more pieces cottered or fastened
together. The said casing of cast iron protects the outside of the vessel from
the oxidizing effect of the heat and air, and thereby prevents the copper or
alloy of copper from scaling or oxidation. In addition to the use of the casing

page_text: described I sometimes coat the outside of the vessel with charcoal made into a
paste with water and a little mucilage of gum arabic or other adhesive matter,
or I coat the outside of the vessel with any other substance, which, by its
affinity for oxygen at a high temperature will defend the outside of the vessel
from oxidation. By the said coating on the outside of the vessel, the small
quantity of oxygen which gains access through the joints of the cast iron or
other casing, or otherwise, is in a great degree absorbed. After the enamelling
process has been completed the tarnish on the outside of the vessel may be
cleaned off by any of the well known methods of cleaning copper or brass.
Although I have only described a casing of cast iron, yet I wish it to be
understood that I do not limit myself thereto, as a casing or coating of clay
or other material, which will defend the copper or alloy of copper from oxi-
dation, either mechanically or chemically may be employed.
Or the space
between the casing and article may be filled up with iron in
division, or by any other substance which will absorb oxygen or impede its
access to the arcle under operation.
a state of fine
IMPROVEMENTS IN COLORING BRICKS, TILES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Charles Hunt, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
July 1860.
I, GEORGE CHARLES HUNT, of Baltic Cottage, Rotherhithe, in the County of
Surry, Asphalte Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COLORING BRICKS, TILES, AND OTHER SIMILAR
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
I place the bricks, tiles, or other articles to be operated upon in a boiler,
tank, or other suitable vessel containing a composition or mixture of animal,
mineral, or vegetable spirit, oil, or oleaginous substances, such as creosote,
resin oil, animal oil, animal spirit, or fatty matters, along with carbonaceous,
carbonizable, or bituminous matter, such as coal, pitch, tar, resin, lampblack,
or soot, all or any of which substances may either be used separately or com-
bined. I heat the solution until the bricks, tiles, or other articles to be colored
become thoroughly saturated with the coloring matter. The oleaginous and
spiritous matters (when used) materially assist to effect the absorption by the
bricks, tiles, or other articles of the solution or coloring matter. I afterwards
dry the articles operated upon by means of heat in a drying room, retort, or
kiln.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMMUNICATING MOTION TO AND FOR STOPPING LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Ivers and Mark Smith at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents with their Petition, on the
16th July 1860.
We, SAMUEL IVERS, of Halshaw Moor, in the County of Lancaster,
Mechanic, and MARK SMITH, of Heywood, in the same County, Machine
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR COMMUNICATING MOTION TO AND FOR STOPPING LOOMS FOR
WEAVING," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to communicate motion to and to arrest the
motion of looms by means of a friction clutch box mounted on the crank
shaft, or on an additional shaft connected to the crank shaft, by gearing or
otherwise; the moveable part of the clutch box has a cone or friction apparatus
at each end, and is connected to its shaft by a sliding key and groove; one
end fits in the driving pulley, which is loose on the shaft, and the other end
fits in a friction box fixed to the frame side. When the loom is at work the
sliding part of the clutch box is in contact with the driving pulley, but when
the loom is to be stopped, the sliding part of the clutch box is moved
laterally on the shaft, so as to release the driving pulley, which then runs
loose; the loom may be stopped suddenly by bringing the other end of the
clutch box into contact with the friction box fast to the framing. When
the driving pulley is furnished with a sliding clutch box at each side it may be
made to drive two looms.
AN IMPROVED PORTABLE. ARM CHAIR
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George and Joseph Jenkins,
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 5th June 1860.
We, GEORGE & JOSEPH JENKINS, Brothers, of 17, Young's Buildings,.
Hare Court, Aldersgate Street, in the City of London, Iron Bedstead Makers,.
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PORTABLE.
ARM CHAIR," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of an improved portable arm chair moveable at the
arms, the frame of said chair being constructed of metal, with a moveable-
rack placed under each arm, so that the said chair can be set to any required.
inclination, and also be retained thereat by means of each rack being raised by
a small lever which is attached to each rack, and falling on to a stud; the
rack, which is made of brass, and by means of the lever which is attached to
the rack, can be raised by the slightest movement of the hand; by so doing:
the said chair can be adjusted by the occupant to any required inclination they
may think proper, without in any way moving from the chair; by raising the
lever to allow the full extent of the rack, the back of the chair will fall on a
level with the seat, and by unfolding a foot rest from the seat of the chair the-
whole is formed into a couch or bed, and when not required either as a couch
or bed, the foot rest can be refölded into the seat of the chair, and the whole
folded into a compact form, and made portable if required. This chair is-
peculiarly adapted for invalids, on account of not the slightest movement of
the body being required for the occupant to lower himself into any position he
may wish.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GILDING STEEL AND OTHER METALS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nicholas Grattan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd June
1860.
I, NICHOLAS GRATTAN, of 24, South Mall, Cork, Ireland, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GILDING STEEL AND OTHER
METALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in gilding steel and other
metals. For this purpose I employ a solution of sulpho-cyanide of gold pre-
pared by adding sulphuric acid to a solution of cyanide of gold in cyanide of
potassium, and I employ this solution by immersing in the solution the steel or
other metal article to the gilded, and attaching to it by a wire a small piece
of zinc, also immersed in the liquid; a galvanic action is thus established in the
liquid itself, the metal article being the positive pole, and the zinc the negative.
During this action a coating of gold is deposited on the steel or other article,
which adheres so firmly thereto, even should the article be of steel, that it
cannot be removed except by absolute abrasion. By no process heretofore
employed can a coating of gold of any thickness be produced on steel, so as to
adhere to it at all firmly.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TUBULAR BOILERS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Timothy Tyrrell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th July
1860.
I, TIMOTHY TYRRELL, of Guildhall Yard, in the City of London, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF TUBULAR BOILERS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to economise the consumption of fuel in
boilers in which the flame and gases of combustion pass from the fire-box
through tubes on their way to the chimney. As this class of boilers is at
present constructed, the streams of flame and beated gases carry with them
through the tubes small particles of unconsumed carbon, whereby a great
waste of fuel results. To avoid this, and also to ensure a proper oxygenation
of the flame, I propose to lead air pipes through the fire-box and into the fire
tubes, and to supply these pipes with air, which will make its escape by lateral
holes into the streams of flame and heated gases on their passage to the
chimney. Or an air chamber communicating with the outer atmosphere may
be fixed in the fire-box, and fitted with pipes leading into the fire tubes for
supplying heated air to the streams of flame.
For increasing the draft of tubular boilers, an air chamber may be fitted in
the smoke box for the supply of a blast pipe fixed in the chimney.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERING OR CLOSING BOTTLES, JARS, AND OTHER LIKE VESSELS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cullis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th September
1860.
I, WILLIAM CULLIS, of Number Four High Street, Homerton, in the
Parish of Hackney, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERING OR
CLOSING BOTTLES, JARS, AND OTHER LIKE VESSELS," to be as follows:-
Upon the neck of the bottle or other vessel to be closed an obtuse angle
screw thread is to be cast or formed, continuing once or more times around,
and by preference of an increasing diameter from the mouth downwards; an
obtuse angle screw thread continuing once or more times around is cast or
formed on the inside of a capsule of gutta percha or other suitable material,
and these screw threads are so formed as to screw into or under the screw
threads on the neck of the bottle or other vessel, and so retain the stopper or
capsule on the bottle or other vessel; the top of the capsule on the inside is
furnished with a block of cork or other suitable material; the bottle or other
vessel may be hermetically closed by screwing the stopper or capsule tight
down on the neck thereof, and by simply turning it in the reverse direction it
will be unscrewed and released.