AN IMPROVED VENTILATOR
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Eugene Théodore Noualhier, of Paris, Manufac
turer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED VENTILATOR."
Sealed the 22nd August 1862, and dated the 28th March 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Eugene Théodore
Noualhier at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 28th March 1862.
I, EUGENE THÉODORE NOUALHIER, of Paris, Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED VENTILATOR," to
be as follows:-
My improved ventilator for flues (which by its combinations may be used
for downward as well as upward draught, its action being the result of a
natural law), will be best understood by reference to the accompanying
Drawing. It is composed of two pipes or tubes, Nos. 1 and 2 (shewn in
Figures 2, 3, and 4). The tube No. 2 should be slightly conical, so as to
leave about half an inch or more (according to the strength of the apparatus)
between the two tubes which overlap each other from six to eight inches.
No. 3 (in all the Figures) is a drum, which should be twice as thick as the
tubes, and holds them in the position above indicated, hermetically closing the
lower extremity. In this drum, No. 3, I reserve an opening equal in
diameter to the tube No. 1, and to this opening I add a fourth piece in the
shape of a very wide-mouthed funnel (see No. 4 in all the Figures.) No. 5
is a weathercock, causing the apparatus, which is mounted on a pivot always
to face the wind which enters the drum, and passes into the space reserved
between the tubes or pipes Nos. 1 and 2, creating a vacuum in No. 2, and
the more wind the greater the upward or downward draught. In Figures

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Eugene Théodore Noualhier in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 11th September 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EUGENE
THÉODORE NOUALHIER, of Paris, Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Eugène Théodore Noualhier, Her special licence that I, the said Eugene
Théodore Noualhier, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Eugene Théodore Noualhier, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "AN IMPROVED VENTILATOR," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Eugene Théodore Noualhier, my executors or admi-
nistrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Eugene Théodore Noualhier,, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-
lowing statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto
annexed, and forming part of this my Specification, and to the figures and
letters of reference marked thereon:-
My improved ventilator is intended to considerably increase the draught of
the chimneys at the extremity of which it is placed; it is essentially com-
posed of two hollow and concentric cylinders of sheet iron or zinc. These two
cylinders are in their entire length separated from each other by a small circular
space, which leaves a free passage for the air. The inner cylinder represents

page_text: but the continuation of the chimney flue; it terminates at about the middle
of the length of the exterior cylinder in which it is contained. This latter is
completely closed at the extremity which corresponds with the lower extremity
of the inner cylinder, and contrary to this, which is immovable, it will pivot
with the greatest facility around its congener when the slightest rotary motion
is given to it. Further, it presents on one of its faces a large open throat,
and upon its opposite face a species of wing which forces this throat always
opposite the wind.
In the accompanying Drawing, Figure A shews a view of my ventilator set
for upward draught, and Figure B the same set for downward draught (the
action being reversed by a different arrangement of the pivot) that is to say,
for the introduction of cold air into an apartment. No. 1 and No. 2, inner
and outer cylinders, No. 2 being slightly conical; No. 3 is a drum, which
should be twice the thickness of the tubes or cylinders, and hold them in the
position shewn. In this drum is reserved an opening equal in diameter to
tube No. 1, and to this opening is added a fourth piece in the shape of a very
wide-mouthed funnel No. 4. No. 5 is a wing or weathercock, which causes
the apparatus to turn on its pivot, and face the wind.
Supposing the apparatus above described to be placed on the brick flue
which terminates a chimney on the roof of a house, the gentlest breeze acting
on the wing causes the exterior cylinder to oscillate on itself, and offer its
throat to the wind, which, once introduced, can only escape by the upper
extremity of this cylinder, the lower being completely closed. But in its
course it meets the point where the inner cylinder terminates, and this being
but the continuation of the chimney flue on which it is fixed, the molecules of
air placed at this point between the two cylinders are urged to follow the
ascent of the air which is escaping by the outer cylinder. The molecules or
particles of air beneath these replace them, and a considerable draught is the
result of this application of one of the most simple physical principles. My
apparatus used singly or doubly (one being reversed or not) forms an admi-
rable ventilator for ships.
In witness whereof, I, the said Eugene Théodore Noualhier, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
E. T. NOUALHIER. (L.S.)