Improvements in the Construction and Manufacture of Screw-nuts.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Apr., 1887
Complete Left, 28th Jan., 1888
Complete Accepted, 2nd Mar., 1888
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction and Manufacture of Screw-nuts.
We, WILLIAM BAYLISS, of and on behalf of the firm of Bayliss Jones and Bayliss,
of Victoria Works, Monmore Green, Wolverhampton in the County of Stafford, bolt.
nut, and railway fastening manufacturers, and ROBERT HOWARTHI, of 53 Goldthorn
Terrace, Penn Road, Wolverhampton, aforesaid, engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
:-
This invention relates, chiefly, to that class of nuts which are locked upon their
bolts by the grip occasioned by springing open parts of the nut carrying part of the
internal thread, and so connected with the main body of the nut as to be capable of
elastically yielding slightly outwards under pressure. These nuts are usually
constructed by sawing two slits at right angles to one another across the back face of
the nut, for the required depth, into the solid metal, thus leaving four divisions of the
metal projecting backwards from the main portion, divided from one another by the
slits. These divisions are closed in somewhat at their back ends so as to reduce
the diameter of the thread at such point; and as the nut is screwed upon a bolt the
reduced diameter of the internal screw is slightly enlarged again by springing the
divisions outwards, and the portions of the thread carried by such divisions, con-
sequently, bind tightly upon the thread of the bolt and form a lock.
The divisions, however, resulting from the formation of the slits have considerable
rigidity and are somewhat deficient therefore in the necessary elasticity; and the
method of forming the slits is very expensive.
Now, the object of this invention is to produce partings, corresponding to the slits,
in such form and manner, preferably, as to allow of greater elasticity in the divisions,
and also to materially lessen the cost of forming such partings compared with the cost
of forming the slits.
According to this invention, a parting, corresponding to one of the slits, aforesaid,
is formed across the back face of the nut, but no transverse parting is employed there-
with. This parting is, preferably, of a T or bulb-headed shape in cross-section, the T
or bulb-head being at the base, and therefore, as the thickness of metal through the
base of each division thus formed is reduced to any desired degree by reason of the
bulb-shaped part of the parting, a considerable degree of elasticity may be given to
the divisions.

page_text: The parting, whether with or without a T or bulb-headed part as described, is
formed in the process of rolling the bar from which the nuts are afterwards cut off,
by first rolling the metal for such bar with a groove along the entire length of one
face, and with the metal on each side of such groove slanting outwards, the section of
the groove and the slant of the metal on each side boing of such a character that when
the sides are brought parallel with one another in transverse section and the bar
finished to the required size, as is done by further rolling, plain opposing faces of the
groove are brought into position butting against each other, and form between them a
parting which divides the bar lengthways for the desired depth and, preferably,
terminates downwards as a T or bulb-head which runs into the solid metal of the bar
on each side.
The partings which separate the divisions of the nuts being thus formed in the bar,
the expense of sawing slits in each individual nut is avoided.
After the nuts cut off from a bar rolled in the manner described have been tapped,
they are pinched up at the back so as to somewhat reduce the diameter of the thread
in a direction transverse to the direction of the parting, and such reduced diameter is
sprung out again as the nut is screwed on to a bolt.
This invention is applicable generally to the construction and manufacture of nuts
which are desired to have partings of any required shape in their back or front faces,
or in their sides.
Dated the Fourth day of April 1887
STEPHEN WATKINS,
Wolverhampton and Walsall,
Agent for the Applicants.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction and Manufacture of Screw-nuts.
We, WILLIAM BAYLISS, of and on behalf of the firm of Bayliss, Jones and
Bayliss, of Victoria Works, Monmore Green, Wolverhampton in the County of
Stafford, bolt, nut, and railway fastening manufacturers, and ROBERT HOWARTH, of
53 Goldthorn Terrace, Penn Road, Wolverhampton, aforesaid, engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement,
reference being had to the accompanying drawings and the letters of reference
marked thereon (that is to say):
This invention relates, firstly, to the manufacture and construction of screw nuts
which are formed with a slit or mere parting across the outer face as is common with
a certain class of nuts intended to be self-locking. The slit or parting is usually
formed by sawing, but this is an expensive operation and has to be performed on
each individual nut.
.
According to this invention the slit or parting is formed first as a groove a, rolled
along a bar A, shewn in section by figure 1, from which the nut blanks are forged in
the ordinary manner, and the operation of the forging tools in pressing a nut out of
the bar closes up the groove so as to leave a thin slit or parting a', see figures 2 and 3
which are, respectively, a side elevation and a plan of a finished nut blank. The nut
may be forged with a washer c on the face, as shewn in side elevation by figure 4 and
plan by figure 5, if desired, in which case, of course, the bar A and groove a must be
rolled somewhat deeper. The forging tools press the sides of the parting a close
together but not so as to weld them, but if any slight welding takes place the parts are
readily forced asunder during the operation of cutting in the thread, or of screwing
the nut on a bolt. The nut is treated in the usual manner to cause it to grip tightly
at the back end and slightly spring out the parts on each side of the slit or parting as
it is screwed on a bolt, that is to say it is closed up somewhat in a direction transverse
to the slit or parting, after the thread has been formed therein, or the thread at such
part is made of a slightly reduced diameter. The slit or parting down the length of
the bar may be formed, if desired, by first rolling the bar to the section shewn by
figure 1, that is with a groove a formed to a V-shaped section and with the outer
sides of the bar for the depth of such groove slanting outwards, and afterwards
passing the bar through suitable grooves in the rolls so as to close up the groove a to
a slit or mere parting by closing in the sides of the bar to a rectangular section.
This invention relates, secondly, to a modification of the nut above described and
the means of manufacturing it, and has for its object to give additional elasticity to
the parts of the nut on each side of the slit or parting. This object is effected by
forming the slit or parting to branch off on each side at its lower edge, as shewn at
figure 6 which is a side elevation of a nut with a slit or parting a¹ having branches b b
inclining out sideways therefrom. The elasticity of each of the divisions on opposite
sides of the nut is considerably increased on account of the greatly reduced thickness

page_text: of metal at their bases. The branched slit or parting is also formed throughout the
length of the bar, from which the nuts are to be formed, by the process of rolling.
The bar is first rolled to the section shewn by figure 7, and is next successively closed
up by the rolls to the sections shewn by figures 8, 9 and 10, and finally to the
section corresponding to the side view of the nut figure 6, but slightly deeper to
allow for compression by the nut forging tools. The slit or parting may, of course,
be rolled to branch out on one side only, if desired. This nut is treated after it has
been screwed similarly as the nut previously described, to cause it to firmly grip the
bolt as it is screwed thereon.
Nuts are sometimes formed with a transverse slit across the face of one side, and
when such is desired it may be formed either plain or branched as above described,
in the manner described; and this invention is applicable generally to the construction
and manufacture of nuts which are desired to have slits or partings of the character
described either in their back or front faces or in their sides.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. Screw nuts having a slit, or mere parting therein which has been formed in the
process of rolling the bar from which the nuts have been forged, or in the combined
process of rolling such bar and of forging the nuts therefrom, substantially as
described, for the purpose set forth.
2. Screw nuts having a slit, or mere parting therein, with a branch in one or both
directions at the bottom in transverse section, substantially as described and shewn,
for the purpose set forth.
3. In the manufacture of screw nuts, rolling a bar from which the nuts are to be
forged with a groove therealong which is afterwards acted upon by the further operation
of rolling, or by the forging tools, so as to produce a slit, or mere parting, in the nuts,
substantially as described for the purpose set forth.
4. In the manufacture of screw nuts, rolling the bar from which the nuts are to be
forged with a slit or parting therealong branching out at the bottom in transverse
section, substantially as described, for the purpose set forth.
5. The constructions of screw nuts substantially as described with reference to
figures 2 to 6 inclusive of the drawings herewith, for the purposes set forth.
6. The improvements in the manufacture of screw nuts substantially as described
with reference to the drawings herewith, for the purposes set forth.
Dated this 26th day of January 1888.
STEPHEN WATKINS,
Wolverhampton and Walsall,
Agent for the Applicants.