IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING COTTON YARNS OR THREADS AND FABRICS
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Dale, of Manchester, in the County of Lan-
caster, Manufacturing Chemist, and Heinrich Caro, of the same Place,
Chemist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING COTTON YARNS
OR THREADS AND FABRICS."-A communication from abroad by Auguste
Leonhardt, of Berlin.
Sealed the 17th October 1860, and dated the 19th April 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Dale and Heinrich
Caro at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 19th April 1860.
We, JOHN DALE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturing
Chemist, and HEINRICH CARO, of the samo Place, Chemist, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING COTTON YARNS
OR THREADS AND FABRICS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in dyeing cotton yarns or threads and fabrics by
treating them with a solution containing the necessary mordants and the
coloring matter combined together, and subsequently with a substance which
will precipitate the necessary material for constituting the dye, and we have
found that the former of these may be kept in a fit state for use by the
addition of gums or analogous organic materials and acids. The solution for
the second treatment will necessarily be varied to suit the first and the color
to be produced, and in this we employ alkalies or alkaline salts alone or with
oxidizing materials.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Dale and Heinrich Caro in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 19th October 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
DALE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemist,
and HEINRICK CARO, of the same Place, Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and graut unto us, the said
John Dale and Heinrich Caro, Her special license that we, the said
John Dale and Heinrich Caro, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said John Dale and Heinrich Caro, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein ex-
pressed, should and lawfully might make, use, excrcise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING COTTON YARNS
OR THREADS AN FABRICS," upon the condition, amongst others, that we, the
said John Dale and Heinrich Caro, or one of us, by an instrument in writing
under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immedi-
ately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Heinrich Caro, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
(that is to say):
This Invention consists in dyeing cotton yarns or threads and fabrics by
treating them with a solution containing the necessary mordaunts and the
colouring matter combined together, and subsequently with a substance which
will precipitate the necessary material for constituting the dye, and we have
found that the former of these may be kept in a fit state for use by the
addition of gums or analogous organic materials and acids. The solution for
the second treatment will necessarily be varied to suit the first and the colour
to be produced, and in this we employ alkalis or alkaline salts alone or with
oxidizing materials.

page_text: In carrying out the Invention we employ two different preparations, the
nature of which we illustrate as follows:-
The colouring principles of logwood, fustic, bark, catechu, sapanwood, or
shumach, cither by themselves, or as mixtures of two or more of them, are
dissolved in a suitable quantity of water, together with metallic salts or
mordaunts, as salts of iron, alumina, tin, copper, &c., either alone or as
mixtures of two or more of them, and we keep these mixtures of colouring
matter and metallic salts in solution, or in a state fit for dyeing by combining
them with gums, gum substitutes, sugar, or analogous organic matters, together
with mineral or organic acids, and this constitutes our first preparation,
through which the goods are passed in any usual manner most suitable to
them, preferably an ordinary padding machine is employed. By whatever
process this be done, it is essential that all excess of this first preparation be
removed by squeezing or other means. This having been effected, we employ
a second preparation, which has for its object the developement and complete
precipitation of the colour to be produced, and this second preparation consists
of a solution of free alkali, as caustic soda, potash, amonia, or lime, or alkaline
carbonates, phosphates, arseniates, acetates, tartrates, silicates, stannates,
aluminates, together, when required (as in producing blacks), with oxidizing
agents, as neutral or acid chromates of the alkalis.
By way of illustration wo will now give certain substances and proportions
wo use desiring it to be understood however that we do not confine curcalue

page_text: YELLOW FOR 10 lbs. OF COTTON.
First preparation.-Five gallons of bark liquor, 3° Tw., one pound of gum 1
arabic, half pound of sugar, mix with two pounds of alum half a pound of
oxalic acid.
Second preparation.-One and a half gallon of neutral aluminate of
soda, 2° Tw.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of the said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to be
understood that we claim as secured to us under the above in part recited
Letters Patent, the dyeing of cotton yarns or threads and fabrics by treating
them firstly with a solution containing colouring matter and mordaunts com-
bined, and subsequently with a solution which developes or precipitates
the colour.
Also we claim the use of gums, sugars, or analogous organic matters and
acids, or one of them in combination with the first preparation above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Heinrich Caro, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Eighteenth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.