IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF STEAM GENERATORSERATOR
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Americus Fanshawe, of Tottenham, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, and James Archibald Jaques, of the
same Place, Chemist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF STEAM GENERATORS"
Sealed the 1st April 1862, and dated the 31st October 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Americus Fanshawe
and James Archibald Jaques at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 31st October 1861.
We, JOHN AMERICUS FANSHAWE, of Tottenham, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, and JAMES ARCHIBALD JAQUES, of the same Place, Chemist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM GENERATORS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention of improvements in the construction of steam generators has
for its object to construct steam generators in such a manner that they may be
made much stronger than heretofore, and that as much as possible of the
caloric contained in the heated gases that are evolved from the ignited fuel
may be absorbed by the water contained in the generator. To this end the
generator is subdivided into several narrow water compartments, between
which flues of a convolute form are arranged, so that the heat may be absorbed

page_text: from the gases as they pass from the fire-place through the convolute flues to
the chimney. The flues are formed of narrow widths of wrought or plate
iron, which are rolled up into convolutes, and when they are placed between
the narrow water spaces (of which there may be any convenient number
according to the size or capacity which it is desired to give to the boiler) the
narrow water spaces, with the convolute flue plates between them, are firmly
bolted together, or are secured in a suitable framing. By this means a
greatly increased length of flue is obtained, and more time than usual is given
for the water to absorb the heat. The furnace is placed either below or at
the side of the generator, so that the flame and heated gases therefrom may
be conducted with facility into the convolute flues, and while traversing these
flues will part with their caloric, and will issue at a greatly reduced tem-
perature into a central flue, from which they are conducted through a pipe
which passes through the steam chest. By this means the steam in the
steam chest becomes superheated, and the cooled gases ultimately escape into
the chimney. The narrow water spaces are constructed with a steam space
at their upper parts, and this steam space communicates with a common
steam chamber, through which the exit flue of the furnace passes, as before
mentioned,
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Americus Fanshawe and James Archibald Jaques in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th April 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wė, JOHN
AMERICUS FANSHAWE, of Tottenham, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer,
and JAMES ARCHIBALD JAQUES, of the same Place, Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said John Americus Fanshawe and James Archibald Jaques, Her special
license that we, the said John Americus Fanshawe and James Archibald
Jaques, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we,
the said John Americus Fanshawe and James Archibald Jaques, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United

page_text: Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM GENERATORS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said John Americus Fan-
shawe and James Archibald Jaques, by an instrument in writing under our
hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Americus Fanshawe and James
Archibald Jaques, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the
Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon
(that is to say):
Our Invention of "Improvements in the Construction of Steam Generators,"
has for its object to construct steam generators in such a manner that they
may be made much stronger than heretofore. The water spaces and flues, or
smoke passages, are also so arranged and combined that as much as possible
of the caloric contained in the heated gases that are evolved from the ignited
fuel may be absorbed by the water contained in the generator, so that a con-
siderable economy of fuel may be effected. To this end the generator is
subdivided into several narrow water compartments, between which flues of a
convolute or serpentine form are arranged so that the heat may be absorbed
from the gases as they pass from the fire-place through the convolute or
serpentine flues to the chimney. The flues or passages for the heated vapours
may be formed of narrow widths of wrought or plate iron of any suitable
section rolled up into a convolute or serpentine form, and when they are
placed between the narrow water spaces (of which there may be any con-
venient number according to the size or capacity which it is desired to give
to the boiler), the narrow water spaces, with the convolute or serpentine flues
or passages between them are firmly bolted together or are secured in a
suitable framing; or, if preferred, the plates may be bulged out or corrugated
at certain parts, so that when brought together they will form passages or
spaces along which the gases from the fire-place may be conducted. By this
means a greatly increased length of flue is obtained, and more time than
usual is allowed for the water to absorb the heat from the gases as they pass
from the fire to the chimney. The furnace is placed either below or at
the side of the generator, so that the flame and heated gases therefrom may

page_text: be conducted with facility into the convolute or serpentine flues, and while
traversing these flues will part with their caloric, and will issue at a greatly
reduced temperature into a flue that is common to all, and rom whence they
may be conducted direct to the chimney, or passed through a pipe placed in
the steam space above. By adopting this latter arrangement the steam
.
in the steam space will become superheated by the heat given off from
the flue, and the gases (reduced in temperature) will ultimately escape into
the atmosphere. The narrow water spaces are constructed of such form and
dimensions as to have a steam space at their upper parts, and this steam
space may be made to communicate with a common steam chamber, through
which the exit flue of the furnace may be conducted, if desired..
In the accompanying Drawings, Fig. 1, Sheet I., is a longitudinal vertical
section of the boiler; Fig. 2 is a transverse vertical section in the line 1, 2,
of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3, Sheet II., is a similar view taken in the line 3, 4, of
Fig. 1. The boiler is composed of a series of narrow compartments A, A, A, A,
which are the water spaces. These compartments are composed of side
plates a, a, a, and narrow rings of trough iron b, b, b, which pass all round
the compartments A, and are secured to the side plates a, a, a, a, by means of
rivets, as seen in the Drawings. The side plates a, a, have helical openings
a', a¹, cut through them at the lower part, which openings are covered by a
helice formed of trough iron c, c, which is rivetted to the side plates, so that
when two compartments A, A, are brought together, as shewn in the Drawings,
the two contiguous helices will form a curved convolute or serpentine flue or
passage for the gases from the furnace or fire-place B to the central flue C;
a tubular tie rod d provided with screw nuts at one or both ends is passed
from end to end of the boiler, so that by screwing up the nuts all the compart-
ments A may be held tightly together. This tubular tie rod is extended
outside the boiler at both ends, one end entering the boiler at d', the other
end passing downwards and under the rear end of the furnace, enters the
boiler at d³, so that a constant circulation of water is kept up in the tie rod.
The central flue C is formed by a series of hollow rings e, e, and f, f, through
which the tie rod d passes, the rings f, f, being perforated all round, so as to
allow the heated gases to enter from the helical flues; which heated gases
passing along the central flue C through the return flue C+, which is placed
in the steam space at the upper part of the boiler into the chimney, thus
drying or superheating the steam before it is allowed to pass to the cylinder
of the engine. If desired, branch tubes from the tubular tie rod d may be
nade to dip nearly to the bottom of each water space, so as to keep up a cir-
culation of water in the lower parts of the compartments, and prevent the

page_text: accumulation of sediment or solid matters which would otherwise form an
incrustation in the boiler; or, if desired, the boiler may be supplied with
water through the tubular tie rod. The upper parts of the compartments A, A,
together with the intervening spaces E between the several compartments, is
made to form one large water space from end to end of the boiler, and
common to all the compartments A, by forming large circular openings in the
sides of the latter, as shewn in the sectional views, Figs. 2 and 3. The
intervening spaces E between the compartments A are closed by means of
wrought-iron rings h, h, formed of trough iron, which are secured to the
sides a, a, of the water spaces by means of bolts i, i, as seen in the Drawings.
The upper parts of the compartments A are further held together and
strengthened by the longitudinal tie rod j, which extends from end to end of
the boiler, and is secured upon the end plates by screw nuts, as shewn in the
Drawing. A considerable space above the water level is left for steam,, as
shewn, but in addition to this we sometimes propose to place a steam chamber
above the boiler. When no additional steam chamber is employed, a steam
pipe provided with suitable stop-cocks is adapted to one of the end plates of
the boiler, and a safety valve is adapted to a steam pipe fixed in the end
plate at the opposite end of the boiler. When it is desired to obtain access
to the interior of the boiler, the manhole cover m on one of the end plates may
be removed; a man can then get inside and can remove the nuts i of any of the
compartments A, so that the latter may be taken out, if required, after
removing the tie rods d and j.
In Fig. 4 we have shewn a method by which the helical flues may be formed
by bulging out or corrugating the side plates a in a helical form. These corru-
gations will, when the compartments A are brought together, partly fill up the
spaces between them; a narrow strip of boiler plate k is then rolled in a
serpentine or helical form and placed between the corrugations, so as to com-
pletely fill the intervening space and form a helical flue. If desired, the
rings k, k, of the steam space, and b, b, of the compartments A, A, may be
formed of strips of boiler plate and angle iron, as shewn at Fig. 5, Sheet II.
Having now described our Invention of improvements in steam boilers, and
baving explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, we claim as our
Invention, the constructing of steam boilers, with a series of distinct narrow
water spaces or compartments combined together, and having convolute,
curved, or serpentine flues or passages between them for the purpose of
increasing the length of flues, and thereby retaining the heated gases in
contact with the sides of the water spaces for a longer time than heretofore, so
as to enable the water in the boiler to absorb as much as possible of the heat

page_text: from the gases from the furnace before, allowing them to pass away into the
atmosphere.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Americus Fanshawe and James
Archibald Jaques, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this
Thirtieth day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-two.
Witness,
H. E. NEWTON,
66, Chancery Lane.
JOHN A. FANSHAWE. (L.S.)
JAS. A. JAQUES.
(L.S.)