IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TRANSPORTING LOADS BY MEANS OF ROPES OR CABLES to be as follows:
Year: 1884

page_text: I WILLIAM LLOYD WISE of 46 Lincoln's Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR TRANSPORTING LOADS BY MEANS OF ROPES OR CABLES to be
as follows: -
"
This invention has reference to means used in conjunction with rope, wires or
cables (hereinafter called cables) for transporting loads from place to place, and the
improvements are designed, inter alia, to enable cables to be used with gradients,
curves, and spans such as cannot be worked advantageously, if at all, with the
apparatus ordinarily employed.
For these purposes according to this invention to prevent the slipping of the
saddles and escape of the buckets, tubs, or vehicles (hereinafter called vehicles) on a
plain cable working steep gradients, automatic clip saddles of simple construction
are employed which rest upon and press the cable at opposite sides, with any
desired force by converting the downward pressure of the vehicles (proportionate to
their weight) into the required squeeze on the cable through the medium of suitable
mechanism as described hereinafter.
The mechanism for actuating the clips may be of various descriptions such as
toggles, wedges and toggles, wedges, ball and socket joints, universal joints, rollers
running on curved or inclined surfaces, and the like, permitting in the case of
simple clips of the movement of the clip saddle in a line perpendicular to the rope,
and, in the case of compound clips, permitting free motion of the hanger head over
the clip saddle in a plane parallel with the rope. The clips pass through the
sheaves, between the flanges, and the mechanism which operates the clips, passes
outside and clear of the sheave flanges, thus admitting of a narrow clip saddle and
providing ample room for the mechanism. The clip saddles may be formed with
helical grooves or indents corresponding to the lay of the strands or wires of the
cable. They may also be lined with metal or other suitable substance run into
dovetailed or otherwise formed recesses or grooves in the clip saddle-or for such
a substance as leather or india-rubber pressure may be employed to squeeze it into
a recess, or it may be rivetted or otherwise held as most convenient.

page_text: To prevent jerking of the travelling cable off the sheaves (which is liable to
occur with the arrangements ordinarily employed) when, owing to the vehicles
slipping, or other cause, the cable is put into oscillation on the sheaves deep
channeled safety sheaves are employed, constructed as hereinafter described with
high flanges, which admit of the saddle clips passing between them, and the clips
are provided with taper or cigar fashioned ends, such that should the cable by
chance leave the centre of a sheave tread, the passage of a saddle will again replace
the rope in its normal or central position.
To avoid, on steep gradients, the tendency of the saddles to tilt endwise, they
are so constructed that the centres of oscillation of the hangers (at their junctions
with the saddle heads) shall be in the same approximately horizontal plane as the
centre line of the cable, thereby securing a proper distribution of weight on the
saddles.
With a view to reducing the friction.and strain on the sheave journals, and-in
effect-avoiding overhang, I employ sheaves with dished arms or discs so as to
bring the main bearing under the line of the rope. To avoid undue local stress
upon sheaves and rope when working long spans two, three or more sheaves are
arranged tandem fashion at the points where great pressure is experienced, as, for
instance, at each end of a long span across a valley, and the pressure is thus divided
over several bearings, while the cable can run in a gentle curve following more or
less the contour of the country and not needing the employment of high trestles.
When a group of sheaves are thus arranged they may have their bearings, or
mounted at the ends of balance levers to ensure an equally distributed strain on
each, and to automatically compensate for the constantly varying positions of the
loads upon the rope, as well as the changing weight of the load and the varying
angles of deflection near the sheaves resulting therefrom. The sheaves may also be
mounted upon springs or upon adjustable bearings which can be fixed after the
most favorable position has been found.
The saddle head to which the vehicle body hanger is attached is made to partly
enclose a toggle clip, the jaws of which are caused to pinch or squeeze the cable
with a pressure that is greater according as the load carried is increased. The
saddle head is constructed with cheeks that prevent escape endwise of the pins
that connect the toggle links and levers of the clip above the cable. The lower
part of the saddle head is constructed to move freely in a vertical sense over the
clip boss, and also to form a lateral guide.
In a modification the clip is actuated by a wedge motion, the saddle head being
formed or provided with inclines that act on the clip levers.
According to another arrangement the clip is caused to close upon the rope by
the downward movement due to gravity, and the grip is increased by means of
wedges brought into operation by the cable when travelling on inclines. The said
wedges operate the clip levers through toggles able to slide endwise in the saddle
head; and instead of jointing the toggles with pins a spring is interposed between
the clip levers in such a way as to produce constant thrust and take up slack in
one direction. In this arrangement the saddle head is or may be prolonged beyond
the nose of the clip which is reduced in length,-thus the guiding on entering a
sheave groove with a displaced cable is effected by the advanced portion of the
saddle head.
In a modified arrangement wherein the clip is closed on the cable by movement
vertical to the cable operating thrust toggles and the grip is increased or tightened
by movement of the saddle head along the clip parallel with the cable, a segment
of a wheel or roller is provided in conjunction with an inclined surface, the
arrangement being such that the said segment is capable of radial movement not
only in planes parallel with the cable axis, but also at right angles thereto. The
squeeze on the cable with this form of clip is proportionate to the pull on the cable
through the jaws, or the tendency of the clip to slip along the cable. A stop is
provided to arrest downward motion. The sheaves on which the cables travel are
made with deep grooves having raised treads which give a considerable wearing

page_text: depth, whilst presenting a comparatively small surface requiring to be turned up.
The raised treads may be cast solid with the sheave bodies, or may be in the form
of separate rings secured in place between the sheave body and the ring made
removable, and having formed with it one of the flanges of the sheave.
The centres
of the sheaves are dished as already stated so as to bring the main bearing under
the line of the cable, and where curves occur the sheaves are canted or inclined so
as to admit of a horizontal change in the direction of the cable at each sheave.
Thus shunts are required only where an abrupt change of direction at a considerable
angle becomes necessary.
When a series of sheaves is used with compensating apparatus these may be
mounted in pairs on a lever, one at each end, and the lever pivotted to a rigid
object, or it may in turn be connected to a second lever coupled at its other end
to another pair of sheaves similarly carried. Or each sheave may be on a separato
lever, and the various levers be connected together. Or three sheaves may be
carried on two coupled levers. It is evident that the same object could be attained
in many other different ways.
Dated this 2nd day of January 1884.

page_text: I, WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of N° 46 Lincolns Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent do hereby declare the nature of the said invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TRANSPORTING LOADS BY MEANS OF ROPES
OR CABLES," and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has reference to means used in conjunction with ropes wires or
cables (hereinafter called cables) for transporting loads (from place to place),—and
the improvements are designed, inter alia, to enable aerial cables to be used with
gradients, curves, and spans, such as cannot be worked advantageously, if at all,
with the apparatus ordinarily employed.
For these purposes according to this invention to prevent the slipping of the
saddles and escape of the buckets, tubs, or vehicles (hereinafter called vehicles) on
a plain cable working steep gradients, automatic clip saddles are employed which
rest upon and press the cable at opposite sides, with any desired force by converting
the downward pressure of the vehicles (proportionate to their weight) into the
required squeeze on the cable through the medium of suitable mechanism as
described hereinafter.
The mechanism for actuating the clips may be of various descriptions such as
toggles, wedges and toggles, wedges, ball and socket joints, universal joints, rollers
running on plane, curved or inclined surfaces, and the like, permitting in the case
of the simple clip of the movement of the clip-saddle in a line perpendicular to the
cable, and, in the case of the compound clip, permitting free motion of the hanger
head over the clip saddle in a plane parallel with the rope. The clips pass through
the sheaves, between the flanges, and the mechanism which operates the clips,
passes outside and clear of the sheave flanges, thus admitting of a narrow clip
saddle and providing ample room for the mechanism. The clip saddles may be
formed with helical grooves or indents corresponding to the lay of the strands or
wires of the cable. They may also be lined with metal or other suitable substance
run into dovetailed or otherwise formed recesses or grooves in the clip saddle-or
for such a substance as leather or india-rubber, pressure may be employed to
squeeze it into a recess, or it may be rivetted or otherwise secured as most
convenient.
To prevent the jerking of the travelling cable off the sheaves (which is liable to
occur with the arrangements ordinarily employed when, owing to the vehicles
slipping, or other causes, the cable is put into oscillation on the sheaves) deep
channeled safety sheaves are employed, constructed as hereinafter described with
high flanges, which admit of the saddle clips passing between them, and the clips
are provided with taper or cigar fashioned ends, such that should the cable by
chance leave the centre of a sheave tread, the passage of a saddle will again replace
the rope in its normal or central position.
To avoid, on steep gradients, the tendency of the saddles to tilt endwise, they
are so constructed that the centres of oscillation of the hangers (at their junctions
with the saddle heads) shall be in the same approximately horizontal plane as the
centre line of the cable, thereby securing a proper distribution of weight on the
saddles.
With a view to reducing the friction and strain on the sheave journals, and-in
effect avoiding overhang, there are employed sheaves with dished arms or discs so
as to bring the main bearing under the line of the cable. To avoid undue local

page_text: stress upon the sheaves and cable when working long spans two, three or more
sheaves are arranged tandem fashion at the points where great pressure is
experienced, as, for instance, at each end of a long span across a valley, the pressure
being thus divided over several bearings, while the cable can run in a gentle curve
following more or less the contour of the ground, thus rendering unnecessary the
employment of high trestles. When a group of sheaves are thus arranged they
may have their bearings or journals mounted on the ends of balance levers to
ensure an equally distributed strain on each, and to automatically compensate for
the constantly varying positions of the loads upon the rope, as well as the changing
weight of the load and the varying angles of deflection near the sheaves resulting
therefrom. The sheaves may also be mounted upon springs or upon adjustable
bearings which can be fixed after the most favorable position has been found.
The saddle head to which the vehicle body hanger is attached is made to partly
enclose a toggle clip, the jaws of which are caused to pinch or squeeze the cable
with a pressure that is greater according as the load carried is increased. The
saddle head is constructed with cheeks that prevent escape end wise of the pins
that connect the toggle links and levers of the clip above the cable. The lower
part of the saddle head is constructed to move freely in a vertical sense over the
clip boss, and also to form a lateral guide.
In a modification the clip is actuated by a wedge motion, the saddle head being
formed or provided with inclines that act on the clip levers.
According to another arrangement the clip is caused to close by a movement
perpendicular to the cable and the grip is increased by means of wedges brought
into operation by the tendency of the load to escape when travelling on inclines.
The said wedges operate the clip levers through toggles free to slide endwise in the
saddle head; and instead of jointing the toggles with pins a spring is interposed
between the clip levers in such a way as to produce constant thrust and take up
slack in one direction. In this arrangement the saddle head is or may be
prolonged beyond the end of the clip which is reduced in length,-thus on entering
a sheave groove with a displaced cable, the guiding is effected by the advanced
portion of the saddle head.
In a modified arrangement wherein the clip is closed by movement perpendicular
to the cable operating thrust toggles, and the grip is increased or tightened by
movement of the saddle head along the clip parallel with the cable, a segment of a
wheel or roller is provided in conjunction with an inclined surface, the arrangement
being such that the said segment is capable of radial movement not only in planes
parallel with the cable axis, but also at right angles thereto. The squeeze on the
cable with this form of clip is proportionate to the pull on the cable through the
jaws, or the tendency of the clip to slip along the cable. A stop is provided to
arrest downward motion.
The sheaves on which the cables travel are made with deep flanges and the ropo
tread may be raised so as to give a considerable wearing depth, whilst presenting a
comparatively small surface requiring to be turned up. The raised treads may be
cast solid, with the sheave bodies or may be in the form of separate rings secured
in place between the sheave body and a removable flange. The centres of the
sheaves are dished as already stated so as to bring the main bearing under the line
of the cable, and where curves occur the sheaves are canted or inclined so as to
admit of a horizontal change in the direction of the cable at each sheave. Thus
shunts are required only where an abrupt change of direction at a considerable
angle becomes necessary.
When a series of sheaves is used with compensating apparatus these may, be
mounted in pairs on a lever, one at each end, and the lever pivotted to a frame or
trestle, or it may in turn be connected to a second lever coupled at its other end
to another pair of sheaves similarly carried. Or each sheave may be on a separate
lever, and the various levers be connected together. Or three sheaves may be
carried on two coupled levers. It is evident that the same object could be attained
in many other different ways.

page_text: :
Referring to the accompanying 8 sheets of drawings in which the figures are
drawn to different scales and like letters of reference indicate similar parts, Fig 1
is a side view of one form of compound saddle head and clip according to this
invention, wherein the clips are actuated by toggles. Fig 2 is an end view and
Fig 3 a horizontal section of the same. Figs 4, 5, and 6 are detached half sectional
elevations of the saddle head and clip, Figs 4 and 5 showing clips in their closed
position upon the cable, whilst Fig 6 shows a clip in its open position.
a is the saddle head, b the clip-saddle formed of two clips b1, b2 pivotted together
at 63 and provided with jaws b for grasping the cable c. d is a toggle one end of
which is pivotted in the saddle head a whilst its other end is pivotted in a recess
in the clip b¹ as shown, the said toggle being inserted sidewise in its recesses. <l¹ is
a second toggle, one end of which is bifurcated at d* (Fig 4) and formed with an
enlarged portion roller or segment d² provided with teeth d³ gearing into teeth e
formed upon the inclined or cam faces e¹ on the piece e² pivotted in the saddle
head a; a portion of the piece e² also enters the bifurcated part of the toggle d¹ as
seen in section Fig 4.
The other end of the toggle d¹ forms a ball and socket joint in the upper end of
the clip 2. f is a spring the ends of which rest in chambers or recesses fi f formed
on the clips 61 62 respectively and tending constantly to give a slight thrust to open
the clip-jaws and thus take up all slack in one direction; by this arrangement
loose pins are also avoided. 5 is a pin or stop on clip b¹ and projecting into the
guard be for limiting the motion of the said clip. a¹ a are brackets on the saddle
head a carrying the grooved wheels a³ only one of which is shown pivotted at a³
for supporting the mechanism and attached vehicle upon a shunt rail at stations.
The action of this apparatus is as follows:-When not in use the clips hang in a
downward position as shown, as far as regards one clip, in Fig 6, but when placed
upon the cable they are immediately forced towards each other by the weight of
the vehicle as shown in Figs 2, 4 and 5.
The toggles d, d¹ take up a position nearly at right angles to the clips, forcing
their upper ends apart and closing their lower ends or jaws 64 upon the cable with
a force proportionate to the whole weight of the apparatus, vehicle and load. The
tendency of the apparatus to slip downwards along the cable when traversing steep
gradients is counteracted by permitting the saddle head a to have a short motion
parallel with the cable but independent of the clip saddle, whereby if the saddle
head slips downward the teeth e or one of the inclined faces et immediately acts
upon the teeth d³ or segment 2 causing the toggle d¹ to press with still greater
force upon the clip 62 and gripping the cable with an additional force, proportionate
to the tendency to slip.
Fig 7 is an end view of a modified form of apparatus wherein the clips (of simple
form) are actuated by wedge motion, and Fig 8 is a vertical section of the saine.
Fig 9 is an end view of this modified form of apparatus inserted in its saddle head,
and also shewing a vehicle hanger and a canted sheave in section and hereinafter
referred to. a is the saddle head b the clip saddle formed of the clips b¹ b² and c
the cable as before. The saddle head a in this modification is formed with
recesses g. g. having inclined surfaces as shown and into which the upper ends of
the clips b¹ enter. ** are pins inserted through these upper ends of the clips
and projecting through the slots g₁ g¹ formed in the saddle head, which thus limit
the motion of the clips. is the vehicle hanger connected in any suitable manner
to the saddle head. In this arrangement of apparatus it will be seen that when
the clips are placed over the cable with the whole weight of the apparatus vehicle
and load acting vertically, they will be forced inwards their upper ends at the
same time being separated by the wedge shaped projection g* whilst their lower
ends or jaws b grip the cable as before.
Fig 10 is an end view of a slightly modified form of simple clips operated by
toggles.
Fig 11 is a similar view, showing the saddle head, in which the clips are inserted
and attached parts, and also a portion of a cable sheave in section and hereinafter

page_text: referred to. Fig 12 is a plan or top view, partly in section, of the saddle head and
attached parts. Fig 13 shows detached side views of clips. a is the saddle head,
b the clip-saddle formed of the clips b1, b2 pivotted at 63 their upper ends being
connected to the fixed pin 6º by the toggles d. d. is the vehicle hanger to which
the saddle head is pivotted as shown at h¹.
The action of this form of apparatus is similar to that just described, that is
to say perpendicular to the cable, the upper ends of the clips being forced outward
and their lower ends inward to grip the cable c by the weight of the whole
apparatus acting vertically, the grip on the cable being proportional to the whole
weight of apparatus and load.
Figs 14 and 15 are detached sectional views shewing a modification wherein the
clips are compound and are operated by toggles and wedges. Fig 14 shewing a
clip closed upon the cable whilst Fig 15 shows a clip in its opened position, and
Fig 16 is a horizontal section through the saddle head showing the wedges in a
central or normal position. a is the saddle head, b', 6' the clips pivotted at b³.
c the cable d, d¹ the toggles, f the spring resting in recesses f¹, f², all of which are
somewhat similar in form and action to the corresponding parts shown and described
with reference to Figs 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, excepting that each clip is provided with a
pin or projection be arranged to take into a recess d* (see Fig 15) formed in the
upper side of each of the toggles d. d¹ to limit the downward and opening
movements of the clips. i. i are right handed wedges formed in one with or
connected to the piece or portion d' into which one end of the toggle d' is pivotted
or has a bearing is a left handed wedge formed on the piece or portion 22
connected to the saddle head a the said right and left handed wedges being
arranged adjacent to similarly inclined or wedge shaped portions formed on the
pieces and d respectively. The saddle head a carrying the piece is made
capable of a small motion independent of and over the clip-saddle, and parallel with
the cable, whereby it will be readily seen that when the load passes to a gradient
and the saddle head slides downward a short distance, the wedges will come into
operation causing the jaws of the clips b¹ b to grip the cable with an additional
force which is proportional to the tendency to slip. a. a* are forks on the lower
part of the saddle-head arranged to slide vertically and end wise over the clips'
bosses as shown in Figs 14 and 15. Fig 17 is a sectional view partly in clevation
of another modification of compound apparatus. Fig. 18 is a plan or top-view,
partly in section of portions of the same. Fig 19 is an end elevation of the clip-
saddle and of the attached parts of the same in their open position. Fig 20 is a
side view, partly in section, of a spring hereinafter described connected to a portion
of a clip.
a is the saddle-head pivotted upon and carried by the axis or spindle a¹
cast in one with the grooved wheel a² as shown. b. b are clips of a bent form the
gripping or inner ends of which may be curved or cam shaped as more clearly
shown in Fig 18. The outer end of the clip bis bifurcated and pivotted to the
pins projecting from the piece j¹ which in turn is pivotted to a pin or projection ja
from the saddle head a as shewn and thus forming a universal joint whilst the
outer end of the clip 63 is pivotted to a pin 3 passing through a double conical hole
(Fig 18) in the fixed ball shaped piece over which the said end of the clip b can
move, the whole substantially forming a ball and socket joint. 67. 67 are projecting
portions on the inner ends of clips to hold them in an open position when not in
use and to prevent them falling out of position. k. k is a double forked spring the
lower ends of which are connected to the clips 51 62 whilst its upper end is secured
to pieces and is free to slide perpendicularly to or parallel with, the cable in the
chamber or recess ³ formed on the top of the saddle head a. The tendency of the
spring is to support and bring the clips to their normal or central position when
they are not urged to one side or the other by the pull of the cable and to ensure
the clips working in unison. Various other forms of springs may be employed
provided they be such as to offer great resistance to distortion in a vertical direction
or in a direction more or less parallel with the cable, whilst at the same time they

page_text: are capable of easily opening and closing laterally, of being slightly twisted, and
ensuring the working of the clips in unison.
The action of this modification of apparatus is as follows:-When the clips in
their open position (Fig 19) are placed upon the cable and the weight of the
apparatus brought into play they are forced inwards into the position shown in
Fig 17 gripping the cable between them whilst should the whole apparatus vehicle
and load tend to slip the clips will move radially on their universal and ball and
socket joints approximately in the direction of the cable causing their curved or
cam surfaces to grip the cable with an additional force proportional to the
tendency to slip, as in the other compound arrangements hereinbefore described.
In
Fig 21 is a sectional end view of apparatus closely resembling that last described
with reference to Figs 17 to 20 but of simple form. In it, however, the forked
spring is dispensed with the clips b1, b2 being moved in unison by teeth or
teeth and pins 6s, 6º respectively on their inner ends gearing with each other.
this arrangement also the gripping faces of the clips are straight lengthwise instead
of being curved. b, bare projections on the ends of the clips to hold them in an
open position when not in use. as is a frame or piece projecting forward from the
saddle head a which is carried by the spindle a of the sheave a² the said piece
carrying a nose or cigar shaped piece hereinafter referred to. Fig 22 is a side view
and Fig 23 a plan or top view of a further modified form of compound apparatus.
Fig 24 is an elevation of the back end of the said apparatus with a portion of a
supporting cable sheave and Fig 25 is a vertical section of a portion of the same.
Figs 26 and 27 are sectional views of opposite sides of part of the saddle head and
attached parts, the groove sheave a being removed and Fig 28 is a horizontal
section partly in elevation, of the saddle head and contained parts together with
the grooved sheave. Figs 29 and 30 are vertical sectional views of portion of
saddle head and of the contained parts and Fig 31 is a horizontal section of a
portion of saddle head showing a locking arrangement. a is the saddle head, and
the clip saddle formed of the clips 66 pivotted on the pin or spindle b³ which in
turn is carried by side levers or arms l. 7 pivotted on the pin carried by a projection
from the saddle head a. The side levers l. 1 are conveniently formed in one by
uniting their lower ends by the bar or piece . The clip 6 in this modification is
bifurcated, its upper portions b2b (Figs 22 and 26) being joined by the jaw b* whilst
its operating toggle d' is also bifurcated as shown in Fig 28. The outer ends d³ of the
toggle d' are pivotted in the upper ends of the clip bits central portion d* being
formed with a more or less spherical portion having a bearing in and forming a ball
and socket joint with the end m of a bent piece m¹ pivotted at m² in the top of the
saddle head a. The upper end of the clip b' is also made wide, and formed with
a more or less double spherical bearing surface for the reception of one end of the
toggled which is similarly shaped. The other end of the toggle d, similarly
formed, is carried by the bearing piece or thrust block n fixed in the side of the
saddle head as shown at n¹ (Figs 28 and 29) the said block n being prevented from
turning by the fixed piece n² arranged beneath it or by other convenient means.
The ends of the side levers l. l are formed with bosses 13 through which the clip
spindle pin 63 which is prolonged passes, and has free end movement, and on to
which bosses the projecting portions as of the saddle head a take, when the levers l,
and the clips 61, bare in their raised and closed position as shewn in Figs 22,
24-26 and 27. To limit the downward motion of the clips 1, 6 the levers 7, I are
formed with a projecting portion which bears against one side of the saddle head
as shown in Figs 25 and 27 when the clips are not in use but takes up the position
shewn in dotted lines (Fig 25) when they are closed upon the cable. f is a spring
for taking up slackness between clips, as before. a is a projecting piece or frame
the end a of which is cigar shaped or pointed, and arranged to carry near its end,
a second groove sheave a². The grooved wheels a² are preferably arranged slightly
inclined to the rest of the apparatus as shewn in Fig 24 but when they take the shunt
rails at stations and support the load they take a vertical direction the rest of the

page_text: apparatus being then slightly inclined and automatically set free from the cable. his
the vehicle hanger. To prevent the saddle-head moving end wise over the clips
until they are closed upon the cable by the completion of their upward movement,
a locking plate o only one half of which is shown is employed pivotted in the ends
of the saddle-head as shown at o' (Fig 31). This plate is formed with projecting
portions o² the under surface of each of which is formed with a recess o³ closed at
its outer side as shown in dotted lines in Figs 30 and 31. The plate o assuines an
inclined position with its projecting portions o' resting over projecting end
portions d' of the double toggle d' when the clips are in their downward and open
position, the ends of the recesses o embracing the end portions d' of the toggle d¹
and effectually preventing endwise motion. When the clips b', be, are raised, a cam
or wiper 60 at the upper ends of the clip be lifts the locking plate out of contact
with the toggle d', thus admitting of end motion of saddle head when necessary.
The saddle head a is carried by the spindle a of one of the sheaves a² as shown
in Fig 25. The operation of this arrangement of apparatus is similar to that
herein before described except that the extra grip to prevent slipping on inclines is
produced by the slight sliding or end motion (or motion in a line with the rope) of
the saddle head moving the piece m¹ on its pivot m² and causing the toggle d² to
press with greater force upon its clip 62 in a manner that will be readily understood
from the above described operations.
Fig 32 shows in section a portion of a deep channeled safety cable sheave p
according to this invention and for the purpose hereinbefore stated provided with
a raised tread p' which gives a considerable bearing and wearing surface. It will
be seen by Figs 9, 11 and 24 that sheaves thus constructed readily admit of the
easy passage of the clip saddles whilst, should the cable be accidentally displaced
from its tread as shown in Figs 32 and 33, the taper or cigar fashioned ends a of
the clip, or similar shaped pieces attached to the forward end of the saddle head as
will be seen by reference to the various views in the drawings, easily and effectually
replaces the cable on its tread. Fig 11 shows a cable pulley sheave p dished so as
to bring its main bearing p² under the line of the cable whilst Fig 9 shows a similar
sheave P canted or inclined so as to admit of a horizontal change in the direction
of the cable at any sheave. Figs 11 and 24 show the junction h¹ of the hangers h
with the saddle heads a approximately in the same horizontal plane as the centre
line of cable for the purposes herein before stated. Figs 34, 35, and 36 show in side
view and Fig 37 in plan or top view various ways of mounting the cable pulley
sheaves, tandem fashion as above mentioned. Fig 34 shews two such sheaves p
mounted at the ends of a balance or compensating lever q pivotted at q' and carried
by a support q². In Fig 35 the lever q carries at one end a sheave whilst its other
end forms a bearing for a second balanced or compensating lever q³ carrying a pulley
at each end, in all three sheaves or by the introduction of another lever six sheaves
may be carried. In Figs 36 and 37 q is a double lever or beau supporting at its
ends the pivotted levers q¹ q³ which in turn carry the sheaves p at their ends, in all
four sheaves, whilst by the introduction of another lever, eight pulleys may be
employed. The pulleys may be mounted in various other ways to attain the object
in view without departing from the principle of this part of my invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:-
As improvements in apparatus for transporting loads by means of ropes or
cables.
1. The use of automatic clip apparatus comprising a saddle head and clip-saddle
whose jaws are caused to press on two opposite sides of the travelling cable by
the action of the load so that the tightness of the grip is proportional to the weight
of the load substantially as described.
2. The use of automatic clip apparatus comprising a saddle head and a clip-saddle
whose jaws are caused to press on two opposite sides of the cable by the action of

page_text: the load and when the vehicle is on a gradient with an additional force proportional
to the steepness of the gradient substantially as described.
3. The use of automatic clip apparatus comprising a saddle head and a clip-
saddle whose jaws are normally caused to press on two opposite sides of the
travelling cable by means of toggles and whose grip is increased when the cable is
traversing steep gradients by the combined or compound action of toggles, a roller
or curved segment, and the saddle head, in such manner that the tightness of the
grip is proportional to the weight of the load alone when working horizontally or
to the weight of the load and its tendency to slip when working steep gradients
substantially as described.
4. The use of automatic clip apparatus comprising a saddle head and a clip-
saddle whose jaws are caused to press on two opposite sides of the travelling cable
by means of a wedge or wedges formed in the saddle head, or by toggles in such
manner that the tightness of the grip is proportional to the weight of the load
substantially as described.
5. The use of automatic clip apparatus comprising a saddle head and a clip-
saddle whose jaws are caused to press on two opposite sides of the travelling cable
by means of toggles and wedges combined and arranged in such manner that the
tightness of the grip is in proportion to the weight of the load alone when working
horizontally or to the weight of the load and its tendency to slip when working
steep gradients substantially as described.
6. The use in conjunction with a travelling cable and automatic clip apparatus
comprising a saddle head and clip saddle whose jaws are caused to press on opposite
sides of the cable with a grip proportional to the load, of sheaves with raised or
removable treads, and dished centres so arranged as to bring the bearings under
the cable substantially as described.
7. The employment of two or more cable supporting sheaves arranged tandem
wise and supported by one or more balance or compensating beams or levers
substantially as hereinbefore described for the purposes set forth.
8. Providing the saddle head or clip-saddle with taper or cigar fashioned ends or
pieces for the purpose of replacing a displaced cable upon its wearing tread
substantially as described.
9. The improved apparatus constructed arranged and operating substantially as
herein before described with reference respectively to Figs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6;
Figs 7, 8 and 9; Figs 10, 11, 12 and 13; Figs 14, 15 and 16; Figs 17, 18, 19
and 20; Fig 21; Figs 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 and 31; Figs 32 and 33;
and Fig. 34, Fig 35, and Figs 36 and 37 of the drawings.
Dated this 2nd day of October 1884.