IMPROVEMENTS IN the Treatment OF BEER, ALE, PORTER, WINE, AND OTHER LIQUIDS, IN ORDER TO FINE AND PRESERVE THEM, AND TO RESTORE THEM WHEN SOUB
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander William Gillman, of Wimbledon
Park Road, Wandsworth, and Samuel Spencer, of Dover Road, in
the Borough of Southwark, both in the County of Surrey, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN the Treatment OF BEER, ALE, PORTER,
WINE, AND OTHER LIQUIDS, IN ORDER TO FINE AND PRESERVE THEM, AND
TO RESTORE THEM WHEN SOUB,"
ealed the 20th June 1871, and dated the 7th March 1871.,
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander William
Gillman and Samuel Spencer at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 7th March 1871.
We, ALEXANDER WILLIAM GILLMAN, of Wimbledon Park Road,
Wandsworth, and SAMUEL SPENCER, of Dover Road, in the Borough of
Southwark, both in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature
of-the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF BEER, ALE,
PORTER, WINE, AND OTHER LIQUIDS, IN ORDER TO FINE AND PRESERVE THEM,
AND TO RESTORE THEM WHEN Soun," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in the treatment of
beer, ale, porter, wine, and other liquids, in order to fine and preserve

page_text: them, and to restore them when sour, and relates to the employment of
the materials known as the sucrates of lime or sugar limes, and also of
precipitated lime, vither mixed together or separately, instead of or in
addition to the ordinary finings now employed in fining beer, ale, porter,
wine, and other liquids, and instead of the materials now employed in
restoring such liquids when sour.
The sucrate of lime or sugar lime we prefer to employ is prepared in
the following manner as known to chemists:-Slacked lime or hydrate
of lime is dissolved in a solution or syrup of sugar, and tho solution is
then filtered, and the mode usually adopted is to slack about one and a
half pounds of quicklime to a powder, and then to stir it in a solution
of about three pounds of sugar in one gallon of water; the proportions
of sugar and lime may be varied according to the character of sucrate of
lime or sugar lime desired to be produced.
The precipitated lime is prepared by adding a solution of caustic soda
(about one pound of caustic soda dissolved in a quart of water) to a
solution of chloride of calcium (about one pound of chloride of calcium
dissolved in a quart of water), collecting the precipitate on a filter, and
washing it with water.
12
The sugar lime or sucrate of lime and precipitated lime we mix in
various proportions with the beer, ale, porter, wine, or other liquids for
fining either before such liquids are "racked ' or in the cask after
racking," or such materials may be employed in any other part of the
process of brewing as may be found convenient.
The proportions we have found to answer are about two quarts of the
solution of sucrate of lime or about one pint of the precipitated lime in
the moist state as taken off the filter to a barrel of beer, but the pro-
portions may be varied, and we find it useful to employ a small quantity
of dilute sulphuric or other acid with the sugar lime or sucrate of limo
and precipitated lime, about half an ounce of dilute sulphuric acid
(of the strength of one of acid to six of water) to about a gallon of
beer.
The dilute sulphuric or other acid is added to the beer, alc, porter,
wine, or other liquids, after fining them to neutralize any excess of lime

page_text: The sugar lime or sucrate of lime and precipitated lime are according
to our Invention added to sour beer, ale, porter, wine, or other liquids,
to restore them by correcting their acidity, and the proportions of such
materials employed will vary according to circumstances from about
one to two quarts of the solution of sugar lime, or from about a half
pint to about a pint of the moist precipitated lime to a barrel of beer,
but other proportions may be employed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Alexander William Gillman and Samuel Spencer
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 7th September 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, ALEXANDER
WILLIAM GILLMAN, of Wimbledon Park Road, Wandsworth, and
SAMUEL SPENCER, of Dover Road, in the Borough of Southwark, both
in the County of Surrey, send greeting.
.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in thic
thirty-fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto us, the said Alexander William Gillman
and Samuel Spencer, Her special licence that we, the said Alexander
William Gillman and Samuel Spencer, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said Alexander William Gillman
and Samuel Spencer, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF BEER, ALE, PORTER,
WINE, AND OTHER LIQUIDS, IN ORDER TO FINE AND PRESERVE THEM, AND TO
RESTORE THEM WHEN SOUR," upon the condition (amongst others) that
we, the said Alexander William Gillman and Samuel Spencer, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, or under the hand and scal

page_text: of ono of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain tho
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
'tho said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Alexander William Gillman and
Samuel Spencer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,
that is to say:
The Invention has for its object improvements in the treatment of
beer, alc, porter, wine, and other liquids, in order to fine and preserve
them, and to restore them when sour, and relates to the employment of
the materials known as the sucrates of lime or sugar limes, and also
of calcic oxide or precipitated lime, either mixed together or separately,
instead of or in addition to the ordinary finings now employed in fining
beer, ale, porter, wine, and other liquids, and instead of the materials
now employed in restoring such liquids when sour.
The sucrate of lime or sugar lime we prefer to employ is prepared in
the following manner as known to chemists :-Slacked lime or hydrate
of lime is dissolved in a solution or syrup of sugar, and the solution
is then filtered, and the mode usually adopted is to slack about one
and a half pounds of quicklime to a powder, and then to stir it in a
solution of about three pounds of sugar in one gallon of water; the
proportions of sugar and lime may be varied according to the character
of sucrate of lime or sugar lime desired to be produced.
The calcic oxide or precipitated lime may be prepared, as described
in our Provisional Specification, by adding a solution of caustic soda
(about one pound of caustic soda dissolved in a quart of water) to a
solution of chloride of calcium (about one pound of chloride of calcium
dissolved in a quart of water), collecting the precipitate on a filter, and
washing it with water, but we prefer to prepare it by dissolving about
40 pounds of caustic soda in about 20 gallous of water, and adding it to
a solution of about 55·5 pounds of fused chloride of calcium dissolved
in about 20 gallons of water, and washing the precipitate thus obtained
with water by the process of decantation.

page_text: "3
The sugar lime or sucrate of lime and calcic oxide or precipitated lime
we mix in various proportions with the beer, ale, porter, wino, or other
liquids, for fining either before such liquids are "racked or in the cask
after "racking," or such materials may be employed in any other part of
the process of brewing as may be found convenient.
The proportions we have found to answer are about two quarts of the
solution of sucrate of lime, or about one pint of the precipitated lime in
the moist state as taken off the filter when prepared according to the
process first described to a barrel of beer, and about one quart of the
precipitated lime when obtained according to the latter process to a
barrel of beer, but the proportions may be varied, and we find it useful
to employ a small quantity of dilute sulphuric or other acid with the
sugar lime, or sucrate of lime and precipitated lime, about half an
ounce of dilute sulphuric acid (of the strength of one of acid to six of
water) to about a gallon of beer.
The dilute sulphuric or other acid is added to the beer, alc, porter,
wine, or other liquids after fining them, to neutralize any excess of lime
that may remain in the liquids.
The sugar lime or sucrate of lime and calcic oxide or precipitated lime
are, according to our Invention, added to sour beer, ale, porter, wine, or
other liquids to restore them by correcting their acidity, and the pro-
portions of such materials employed will vary according to the acidity of
the liquids to be corrected, from about one to four quarts of the solution
of sugar lime or from about one pint to about 2 quarts of the moist
calcic oxide or precipitated lime obtained according to the latter process
to a barrel of beer; and also for simply preserving mild ales, porters, and
other liquors, we add to them from about a half pint to a pint of the
sucrate of lime, or about a quarter to a half pint of the calcic oxide
obtained according to the latter process to a barrel of beer, but other
proportions may be employed. The beer, ale, or other liquor should be
well roused after the addition of the fining or restorative thereto.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and the mode
in which we carry the same into effect, we would have it understood
that what we claim as our Invention is, the application and use of the
sucrates of lime and of calcic oxide or precipitated lime in the treatment
of beer, alc, porter, wine, and other liquids, in order to fine and preserve

page_text: them, and to restore them when sour in manner substantially as herein
described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Alexander William Gillman and
Samuel Spencer, have hereunto set our hands and scals, this Sixth
day of September, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-one.
ALEX. W. GILLMAN. (L.S.)
SAM SPENCER.
(L.S.)
Witness,
B. J. B. MILLS,
Patent Agent,
35, Southampton Buildings,
London.