Improvements in Cycles Driven by Electricity.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Oct., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 11th Aug., 1893-Accepted, 11th Oct., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Cycles Driven by Electricity.
I, HENRY MIDDLETON, of 3, Wellesley Villas, Wellington Street, Slough, in
the County of Buckingham, a Civil, Mechanical and Electrical Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
--
According to this invention I employ electro motors for propelling my cycles.
Of course the great difficulty in applying electric motors to cycles of any & every
kind consists in the great weight of the motive power or source of energy & until
an extremely light "battery" (in comparison with its power) & an "electro-
motor" also extremely powerful (in comparison with its weight) is devised; the
application of electricity to cycles will continue to be far less successful than may
be desired. And in addition the expense of chemicals as well as prime cost of
apparatus can of course be added to the arguments (in condemnation of electric
cycles), which may be used by that class of people whose sole object in life seems
to be to preach the doctrine that nothing can be known or done, at least, further
than what they know or do.
However experiments hardly yet old & discoveries rather more recent than
antiquated apparently furnish a practical-though confessedly far from perfect-
solution of the somewhat difficult problem of propelling cycles by electricity.
:
It should be pointed out in preface that the propulsion of a cycle by
electricity is by no means as difficult as the more general problem of driving
any kind of wheeled vehicle along a common road. For (unless the tricycle is
supposed to be ridden by a legless rider) it may be premised that a certain amount
of muscular energy can be put forth on starting the "machine" & driving it up
acclivities for this reason the power which the electro-motor & its driving
batteries or accumulators must be capable of putting forth is considerably less
than that which would be requisite were no such auxiliary aid "at hand." It has
long ago been pointed out that by the use of accumulators we can so arrange
matters as to draw a far larger current therefrom at intervals-say on starting a
machine when ascending a hill-than is requisite for running at a fair speed over
level ground. But indeed this is an argument more specious & plausible than valid
& unassailable; for it pre-supposes in addition that a more powerful electro motor
is used than commonly necessary for running on a fairly level road at a good speed.
And as the increase of the power of the electro-motor means that a lot of additional
weight has to be carried; which in turn entails a stronger (& consequently heavier)
cycle, it follows that it is far better for riders possessing their customary quantum
of arms & legs, to employ the muscles of the latter to help a smaller electro-motor
either when starting their machines or when driving them up-hill, than to possess a
wheeled vehicle so ponderous-though powerful-that if its gearing breaks down by
accident or other cause, it is quite too weighty to be taken home by the rider's
muscular exertions. Besides it seems to have been hitherto overlooked that there
is another method of causing a primary battery to very considerably increase its
current-output or in other words to increase its work-rate very much after the
fashion of the accumulator & with this advantage that the primary battery
damaged, thereby while the accumulator often is injured by too rapid a discharge.
This method is that of blowing air-or other gas-through the exciting fluid in
which the plates of the primary battery are immersed; hence by this device we
secure also a more complete consumption & therefore longer life of the exciting
fluid & can fit our tricycle with a battery whose plates would be a good deal too
small to furnish the current the motor needs to (properly) actuate it were the
not

page_text: device of forcing air through the fluid of the cells not used; thus smaller plates (&
consequently lighter ones) & a smaller quantity of fluid (& therefore a less weight
of fluid) can be made to give out either spasmodically or continuously a large
number of units of electrical energy for the motor to convert into mechanical work.
Of course the electro-motor can be put either behind or before the rider, yet the
latter seems the preferable position inasmuch as it is not only more easily started,
reversed or generally supervised when before him than behind; but besides its
weight is more safely carried, when supported chiefly by the front wheel, than if its
heaviness had to be supported nearly entirely by the back wheels & axles whose
strength is pretty well tried in holding up the motor's exciting battery in addition to
the greater proportion of the rider's weight. Then if matters are so arranged that
the batteries' weight is sustained by the part of the axle near the wheel hubs,
tricycles of ordinary construction can sustain without danger a battery & motor
of considerable weight; & such (alas 1) is needful if the cycle is required to be
propelled at moderate speed, or be capable of running on any but the smoothest
pavements.
As is well-known the chromic acid cell is about the most powerful voltaic
arrangement we possess, its "work-rate" being perhaps greater-as compared with
its weight--than any "battery" hitherto invented. But the chromic acid cell has
the grave defect that it is very inconstant in its action owing to the so-called
polarization of its plates caused by the bad circulation of the fluid etc. I therefore
use a small condensing air-pump attached to the motor-(though it is so made as
to be capable of being disengaged therefrom & worked by hand or even leg power)
which drives air through the fluid of the cells, materially increasing their power,
& the "vitality "--
'--so to speak-of the exciting fluid as stated above.
To prevent the liquid splashing out in consequence of the jolting of the tricycle
when moving over rough ground etc.; I close the top of the cells themselves, and
introduce the fluid through pipes running from a reservoir to the battery.
These pipes may run to each cell or one or more pipes may supply all the cells;
& though the last arrangement apparently wastes some of the electric energy by
fluid conduction yet if the channels of communication between the cells be small,
their resistance may be too great to make this loss serious.
Further fill or empty said cells by simply raising or lowering the reservoir; &
assuming the upper closure of the cells be tight-(as it ought to be the gas generated
being discharged by a few pipes projecting upwards high enough) the cells them-
selves can be kept quite full of fluid, care in the construction thereof having been
of course taken to perfectly insulate the upper part of plates etc. Of course also
though I do not limit myself to employing this method as I may find it on the
whole more convenient to raise the plates out of the cells using the contractile
force of a piece of rubber sheeting [put over the tops of the cells & through slits cut
in which plates move] to make a sufficiently fluid tight joint to prevent the splashing
becoming deleterious.
And lastly I frequently use two or three speed gearing as such is especially
useful in the case of a tricycle or bicycle driven by electricity, And indeed where
electricity is used to drive a bicycle the batteries are put on both sides of the hind
wheel by supporting pieces too obvious, apparently, to require further description
in a Provisional Specification.
Doted thin 10th INT
11000

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Cycles Driven by Electricity.
I, HENRY MIDDLETON of 3, Wellesley Villas, Wellington Street, Slough, in
the County of Buckingham, a Civil, Mechanical, and Electrical Engineer do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
"
According to this invention, I employ electro-motors for propelling my cycles.
Of the type of electro-motor used, little further need be said save that it is one
of the ring variety due to the labours of Pacinotti and Gramme, and improved by
a host of minor inventors. Further, the aforesaid electro-motor is supposed to be
as light and efficient as is possible to construct for the requisite amount of power it
must put forth. And perhaps I should add, that the size of said electro-motor is
rather larger than such as the battery the cycle carries can completely energize
save when the air blowing apparatus (to be subsequently described), raises the
battery current to its maximum value or nearly thereto. When the "cycle" has
three wheels I commonly support the electro-motor on a shelf placed over the front
wheel of the tricycle: but in the case of a bicycle the motor may be in front of the
turning axle and above the front wheel-or it may be in the framing behind the
turning axle or it may be quite at the back of the rear wheel, held or supported
by rods, or tubes, projecting from the framing of the bicycle.
The electro-motor has of course an arrangement for reversing the direction of
the armature's rotation by shifting the brushes; also a switch to make, and break,
the battery circuit; while two other breaks in the circuit one controlled by the
hand, and one by the foot brake; give complete control over the electro-magnetic
apparatus.
:
I generally transmit the motion of the electro-motor to the pedal axle of the
tricycle by means of a chain; although of course bands or cords of gut or other
suitable material may be used. Where however a chain is used it is in general
advisable to connect the chain wheel driven by the motor with the treadle axle
by, or through, the medium of a spring. This spring may be either of a spiral
form and wound round the treadle axle its outer extremity being fastened to the
chain wheel driven by the motor, or one-or better two-spring helices connect
the treadle axle, and chain-wheel mentioned in this latter case a disc is fastened
to the treadle axle and crank, and carries the two springs-or more if desired-
whose other ends are pulled by the chain-wheel to which they are attached.
Further, it is commonly better to have such helices as are capable of being
compressed as well as extended; in order that when the direction of rotation of
the electro-motor is reversed, for the purpose of backing the tricycle, the spring
attachment may act to prevent all sudden jerks, or jars to the machinery just as
well as when the battery circuit is made so as to move the cycle forwards. The
arrangement is however difficult to describe more particularly without the aid of
the drawings which are appended with the different details of the apparatus set
forth in words in its proper place.
Another matter closely connected with the proper running of the motor is the
device employed for keeping the rate of rotation of the motor constant; or as
nearly so as is practicable, or advisable, while the speed of the tricycle itself varies
Of course such
with the inclination of the ground or condition of the road etc. etc.
device is but an adaptation of a two or three speed gear to the wheel work intended
to reduce the rapidity of the electro-motor's rate of rotation. Generally two
speeds are sufficient for practical purposes; and so I have figured such, with a
simple disengaging clutch: but 1 do not limit myself to this arrangement solely, as
I should perhaps
any of the other well known methods may be employed instead.

page_text: again though notice, (as I previously did in my Provisional Specification), that in
the practical solution of this electric cycle problem, I not only largely rely on the
muscles of the rider's legs being used to propel the vehicle up steep hills, but
further to modify the cycle's rate of motion even when running on fairly level
country roads. Thus if a slight acclivity be encountered a comparatively slight
exertion of the rider's leg power may continue a fairly rapid rate of ascent;
while gravity may pull the tricycle with its load down the corresponding
descent at an approximately equal or even greater speed without the exertion
of any muscular power on the rider's part at all; but on the contrary enabling
him to take complete rest; and in this fashion a well managed electric cycle
may be rapidly driven along good roads and in fact enable its rider to traverse
considerable distances with an exceedingly small amount of labour. For, it is the
continuous nature of the work which has to be performed on ordinary tricycles
which is so tiring to riders no longer young nor of great muscular development:
while with a few moments of rest the rider is capable of resuming his "pedalling
with very little weariness. Besides, there is another supplementary device which I
make use of for increasing the energy of the battery actuating the motor; this
device is that of depolarizing the plates by blowing air through the solution by an
air pump.
"
The air pump for circulating the battery fluids is very conveniently connected to
the axle of the chain wheel which the electro-motor turns by means of a common
sliding clutch and feather. In this way the pump may be put in action when the
tricycle is descending a hill, and the air container charged with air, which may be
used to increase the combustion of the zinc when an acclivity is to be surmounted.
The clutch then which throws the air pump into gear virtually puts on an air
brake--so to speak-to the electro-motor, with this advantage over other brakes
that the energy thereof is to a certain extent stored and not wholly wasted.
Inasmuch as the compressed air can be used when it is advisable to increase the
current circulating round the coils and armature of the electro-magnet of the
"motor." Of course such pump may be worked by hand as I mentioned in my
Provisional Specification; and in this case I find a convenient method to consist in
making the crank pin hollow and screwing a small handle into it: which handle
however may commonly be carried in the wallet at the back of the saddle. Of
course the pump barrel is made rather longer to permit of this working of the pump
by hand than is necessary when such pump is driven by the more rapid strokes of
the electro-motor; but, as I have just explained the action of the pump need not
be continuous but only take place when it may be worked to a great extent by
gravity; hence there seems no great good to be attained by its manual operation.
However, it is best to fit the air pump with a sliding adjusting arrangement for
altering its position when the throw of the crank of the electro-motor is altered;
and this latter end too, is easily attained by means of a crank with variable arm, or
a disc, or any other known way used which may prove convenient. From the
pump then a tube proceeds to the air container which is usually of a long
cylindrical form attached to the back-bone of the tricycle beneath the rider's seat.
One or more pipes lead from the rear end of this container to the cells of the
battery. Generally a single tube whose aperture is controlled by a tap, extends
from the container to the axle of the tricycle, where, or near which place, the
aforesaid tube divides into several branches which dip into the different battery
cells, suitable adjutages being of course provided. However in certain cases all
these tubes may have controlling taps, though generally, this is not necessary.
With regard to the battery; I find it most convenient to use chromic acid as an
excitant, and generally prefer to raise, and lower the plates through a rubber disc
or curtain into the fluid, rather than by moving the cells themselves, up, or down,
cause their contents to cover, or leave bare, the carbons and zincs. To a sort of
movable lid, or cover, the carbons and zincs are attached. Generally the carbons are
fixed to the underside of said lid, and india rubber and pitch; acid-proof cement,
or other convenient substance is used to prevent any splashing of the acid mixture

page_text: over the electrodes or battery connections & corroding the metal work. The zincs
are most conveniently inserted through slits which are in the cover so as to allow
them to be placed between the carbons; two little brass ear pieces, or lugs, being
used both to support said zincs and make the battery connections by the insertion of
a single screw. Further, pieces of rubber cord may be placed if desired between
the zincs and carbons; but this is hardly necessary as a rule: for if a day's work is
to be done with the battery only enough zinc should be carried for such purpose;
and the renewing of the zincs has the effect of cleaning the zinc connections: while
the carbon connections are always clean being covered up as described. However-
on account of the cost and weight of material, electric tricycles with primary
batteries are not suitable for continuous use. For when such is required of them
they must be worked by accumulators with all the trouble attendant on the
charging of such. The electric-tricycle-or bicycle-with primary batteries is
only suited for use for a few hours at a time; and it is indeed better to have two
different sizes of batteries to be put on according to the probable duration of the
run. These batteries will in general differ both in the size and consequent contents
of the cells and in the thickness of the zine plates; and as they are hooked on to the
cycle with great ease, and the operation of attachment "makes" the main battery
connections with the motor; very little labour is expended in such operation.
Though from an electrical standpoint it is better to employ a high potential and
low ampèreage; the labour of making many plate connections, (when primary
batteries are employed), reduces the number of cells to rather a small figure; and
apparently it is far from economical to use accumulators on cycles outside of a
city. Within a city it is likely that there will be no difficulty in such respect the
supply being equal to the demand; but it is perhaps just in the country where
there are no "cabs" that the electric tricycle will be most useful; until indeed the
happy day arrives when progress is no longer arrested by Act of Parliament; and
steam tricycles and bicycles be permitted on common roads.
With regard to the position of the driving chain; it may be either put on the
left or right hand side of the tricycle. When a ladie's saddle is used it is in general
preferable to put the chain on the right hand side, out of the way of the lady's
dress, instead of employing a guard, which is nearly a necessity, if the chain wheel
be kept to the left side of the cycle. Of course corresponding-and obvious-
changes must be made in the wheel work, (for reducing the armature's rate of
rotation). However, when a man's saddle is employed in such a cycle it is advisable
to have two foot-rests put lower down on the fork and extending rather further out
than those in use;
as by such foot rests the cycle can be steered by the feet
entirely, and without the use of the hands. Further, this foot rest is attached to the
cycle by a nut and bolt which passes through the fork of the front wheel. In
addition the foot-rest has a hinge joint and spring the former of which permits it to
be folded up when not in use and the latter to keep it out and in position when
employed.
"
Also I commonly attach a " counter to the motor chain-axle by means of an
This counter of
india rubber band, [or other convenient band or even chain].
course is also intended to give-by a simple calculation-the distance traversed by
the cycle as well as the number of revolutions the electro-motor makes.
In order that my said invention may be most fully understood, and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the drawings hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a representation of the motor-driven tricycle in which a is the electro-
motor; 6 the battery; c, the chain from the motor driving the wheel d on the
treadle-axle, and with it the wheel e, which turns, by means of a chain, the wheel f
and ultimately the main axle of the tricycle. y is the support for the rider's
saddle. h, the foot brake; there being at i an arrangement-with properly insulating
and conducting attachments-for breaking the circuit round the electro-motor

page_text: when the foot brake or hand brake is used; and if desired another electric interrupter
-not shown in the figure-is placed under the hand lever to be used when the hand
brake on steering lever of cycle is employed.
9
Fig. 2 is a rear view of the motor-driven tricycle. a is, as before, the electro-
motor; b, the battery, with plates shown in the fluid, and part represented as
broken away to show the driving gear: however the position of the rest of the
battery is indicated by the dotted lines; c is the driving chain from the motor.
d the large chain wheel with safety springs. e, the tricycle's ordinary pedal-axle-
chain-wheel; and the chain wheel on the tricycle's main axle.
is the support
for the saddle. k the handle for shifting the speed-gear clutch. 1, the handle for
reversing the direction of the rotation of the armature, with the spring, and pin
falling into holes in the plate m. n are two of the "brushes."
o, o part of the
framing supporting the motor. p is the air pump with the gearing clutch 9. r is an
electric switch inserted in the motor circuit. While t is the air container used in
connection with the air pump p.
Fig. 3 is a view of part of the other side of the tricycle. Here, as before, a is
the electro-motor. p, the air pump, with pipe u leading to the battery cells.
o, o, o, parts of the framing supporting the electro-motor. the battery switch.
w, part of the front wheel and fork. c, c, parts of the treadle-axle-driving-chain.
While is the "counter" driven from the motor-chain-axle by the band x.
Fig. 4 shows the box of the large chain wheel d [see also Figs. 2 & 7] on the
treadle axle with the pedal crank, p2, the safety springs s, s, s, s, (the last being
under the cover) supporting pieces, and stops S1, S1, S1, and guiding pieces with
bulbed ends $2, $2, $2. Of course motion of the chain-wheel d driven by the chain c
from the motor is communicated to the treadle-axle through the springs &, 8, 3, 3,
(last one not shown as it is under the cover of the box attached to d).
:
Fig. 5 is a side view of my electric bicycle. As before, a is the electro-motor to
be understood to be supported in a manner identical to that drawn for the tricycle.
b, one of the side batteries supported on the tubes z one of which projects back-
wards from the bicycle frame. 61, is a bent rod or tube used to prevent the lateral
motion of the battery and cells; while b₂, is the handle for drawing up the battery
plates. To let the plates down, the ratchet is disengaged by pressing on b. Each
of the side batteries are hooked on to z and 21, [corresponding pieces on other side
not shown], just as in the case of the tricycle and of course as in the previous case
the electric conducting wires between battery and motor are omitted, being
generally laid along convenient parts of the framing from which they are insulated.
Also the two-speed-gearing is not shown being similar to that figured for the
tricycle [see Fig. 2]. The other letters in the figure denote similar parts to those
previously described. The position of the new (and old) foot rests j (& ji) are also
shown but as the details of such could not clearly be represented in this figure, (from
the way the bicycle is turned) they are represented in detail in Fig. 10, & described
further on. Lastly, if the brake attached to the bicycle acts on the back wheel and
is put in operation by either the feet or hands-as in the case with that shown in
the tricycle (Figs. 1 & 6)-then identically similar electric interrupters (or
interrupter) may be employed. But if the bicycle brake is of the "spoon" variety
and acts on the front wheel alone, then the electric interrupter must be placed under
the hand lever as shown in Fig. 6.
Fig. 6 is another rear view of my electric tricycle made for the purpose of more
clearly showing some of the details of the battery than was done in the corre-
sponding view of Fig. 2. In the last mentioned figure, the battery is shown in
activity; while in the present figure the battery is not in action but the plates
represented as drawn up out of the liquid. Here, as in the previous figures
a represents the motor [only part of which is reproduced]; the battery whose
weight is supported by the straps b, b, passing over the frame of the
cycle. b, & b, are two rods with " eyes "-or "hooks," as convenient-which
engage in corresponding terminals on b₁, b. b is the top of the battery carrying
the zincs, and carbons. This top is cut out in several places to admit of the chain-
32

page_text: wheel, brake, battery connections of carbons and zincs, etc. etc. passing through.
b, represents part of the cell walls & b₁ the rubber curtain or cover. b, is the
handle of the winch arrangement by means of which the battery plates are raised.
b, is the wheel work with ratchet wheel whose pawl is disengaged by pressing down
the rod b, a spring keeping it in gear as shown. b is a guide to prevent the cord
which pulls up the plates touching the brake drum. The saddle and wallet are
While at b is placed
only introduced to show the ordinary position of rider.
another electric-circuit interrupter when such is considered advisable to add to the
other two interrupters in the main motor circuit already mentioned. Of course
23 is the main axle.
Fig. 7 is a vertical view, or plan, of the tricycle. Here, as before, b represents
the battery; b, the arrangement-with its connected wheel work for lifting the
zincs and carbons; c is the driving chain from the motor actuating the wheel d,
and through it, the treadle axle and wheel e which in turn drives the wheelf and
with it the main wheel-axle of the tricycle. g is the bent rod which carries the
rider's saddle, t the air reservoir whose front end is connected by a pipe with the
condensing air pump p [shown in Figs. 2 & 3], while its rear end has a pipe (with
tap) t₁, whence it distributes the air by the pipes to, t₁, to to [last not shown, as it
lies under the cover, or top, carrying the battery "plates "]. Part of the cover is
represented as broken away to show the zinc and carbon plates passing through the
rectangular openings w₁, w₁, in the upper part of the battery cells. To the top of
these rectangular openings the rubber sheet or cover is fastened, [but the rubber is
supposed to be removed in this part of the figure]. On the right side the top is
left intact to show the battery connections most commonly adopted.
Figure 8 is a sectional view of the left side of the battery to show the way the
air tubes to, ta, ta, t2, with some of the branches from them viz. t3, 3, 3, tz enter the
corresponding cells. The lower portions of these branch tubes are so bent that
they lie parallel to the lower edges of the plates. Further, their ends are stopped
and holes [of convenient size, and in sufficient number], are pierced in their upper
convexity. When the cells-[usually of ebonite and joined together so as to form
four separate batches]-are not made with their upper portions properly contracted,
a convenient way of closing them is shown in the figure. To wit, by wooden
diaphragms cemented in, and on these the rubber cover or curtain b10, 10, is laid
and fastened., is, as before, the arrangement for raising or lowering the
"plates", showing the position of the main axle of the tricycle.
Fig. 9 is an end view of the left side of the battery in order to show the spring
connections employed for making the circuit between the battery and the motor.
From each of the battery terminals on the top a wire in the shape of a spiral spring
or sliding rod divides into two portions one being attached to one of the springs w
and one to the other w; the two springs seen being then electrically connected
with one of the poles of the battery; and two corresponding springs on the other
side of the tricycle with the other pole: these springs rub against a ring connected
with the wire w leading to the motor, care being of course taken to insulate the
ring from the axle of the tricycle. Similar connections are made on the other side.
Fig. 10 shows a front view of the supplementary foot rests used partly to get the
legs in a more comfortable position, and partly by their greater length to enable
the rider to steer more easily. The hinged front is similar in its operation to the
device used on the ordinary guard of fork; the whole apparatus being placed on a
sort of shoe or base plate which fits over one of the prongs of the front wheel fork
of the bicycle, or tricycle, being secured by a simple bolt and nut as previously
described. In the fig. j, j, and j₁₁, are the new and old foot rests respectively,
is part
of the bicycle or tricycle "fork," and w, part of the tire of the front
wheel. k is the spring holding the fork in place and k₁ the bolt fastening the foot-
rest to the cycle. Of course the hinge or pivot is generally set somewhat askew so
that the new foot rest may not come in contact with the old when the former is
folded up.
2₁ 2

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1st. A tricycle or bicycle propelled by an electro-motor substantially as described
and represented in the drawings Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 & 7.
2nd. The framing whereby the electro-motor is supported on either tricycle or
bicycle, substantially as described and represented in the drawings Figs. 1, 2, 3,
5 & 6.
3rd. The battery with spring support and guides, rubber closing arrangements,
depolarizing air tubes in this combination with a motor-driven cycle substan-
tially as described and represented in the drawings, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 & 9.
4th. The air pump with its attachments for injecting air into the fluid of the
cells of a cycle battery substantially as described and represented in the drawings
Figs. 2 & 3.
5th. The two-speed gear adapted to an electric bicycle, or tricycle; substantially
as described, and illustrated in the drawings Figs. 2, 3 & 5.
6th. In combination with the form of electric cycle described, the spring
attachments of the chain-wheel-substantially as described and represented in
Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5 & 7-whereby all sudden shocks to the machinery are not only
avoided, but further, by its use a considerable amount of energy is stored in the
electro-motor's rapidly revolving armature, and by its restoration, the cycle more
easily started than would otherwise happen.
7th. In combination with the form of electric cycle described, the folding and
extensible foot-rest-usually put somewhat lower than an ordinary one-and
method of steering a cycle thereby, substantially as described and represented in
the drawings Figs. 1, 5, & 10.
8th. The counter in combination with an electric bicycle or tricycle with bands
and wheels for showing both the number of revolutions the armature is making and
the speed the cycle is going, substantially as described and represented in the
drawings figs.
9th. The electric interrupters on the hand and foot hrakes in combination with
aforesaid electric cycle whereby the action of applying the brake to the cycle's
wheel or axle as the case may be-interrupts also the electric current flowing
round the coils and armature of the electro-motor.
10th. In combination with an electric bicycle or tricycle, the hand lever
arrangement, with spring pin and plate for reversing the direction of rotation of
the armature of an electric cycle substantially as described and represented in the
drawings Figs. 2, 5 & 6.
11th. In combination with an electric cycle as described, the use of a lady's side
saddle on an electric tricycle with dress guard-when desired.
Dated this 2nd day of October 1893.
HENRY MIDDLETON.