IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR THE MANU- Laman A AMYDAY TUTTIRT
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frank Ash Yeo, of Swansca, in the County of
Glamorgan, Colliery Owner, and Henry Hanna, of the same Place,
Engincer, for the Invention of "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR THE MANU-
Laman A
AMYDAY TUTTIRT "
Sealed the 10th December 1869, and dated the 2nd August 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frank Ash Yeo and
Henry Hanna at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 2nd August 1869.
We, FRANK ASH YEO, of Swansea, in the County of Glamorgan,
Colliery Owner, and HENRY HANNA, of the same Place; Engineer, do..
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL," to be as follows:-
The improved machinery for the manufacture of artificial fuel which
forms the subject of our Invention consists principally of a recipro-
cating tubular mould, into which the materials of which the fuel is to
be composed are (when properly mixed) forced from a pug mill or

page_text: time
distributor through an opening made in the tubular mould for the
purpose.
In this tubular mould works a plunger or piston with an
independent action, whereby the fuel in the mould is at the
proper
pushed forward and compressed against a fixed block from which the
tubular mould and plunger subsequently retire so as to allow the com-
pressed brick of fuel to drop down into, any suitable receptacle or on to
a travelling belt or apron, or on to a table, from whence it may be
removed by hand.
The operation of the working parts is as follows:-First, the tubular
mould is brought forward so as to bring the opening therein under the
opening in the pug mill or distributor, the rotating arms of which will
force a portion of the plastic materials into the tubular mould, which
will then advance to the fixed pressing block; the rammer or plunger
will then move forward in the tubular mould and will compress the fuel
against the fixed block, and thus form a brick which will be disengaged
from the tubular mould by the latter receding while the brick is held
up against the fixed pressing block by the rammer or plunger; on the
latter retiring the brick will be released and will then drop down as
before mentioned, either on to a table or a travelling belt, whereby it
will be conveyed away. The motions of the tubular mould and plunger
or rammer may be effected by any of the ordinary well known mechanical
devices, such as by the crank or excentric or by cams, but we have found
it convenient to give motion to the plunger or rammer by the direct
action of a piston working in a steam cylinder. As regards the tubular
mould this may be worked either by a crank or by a lever acted on by
an excentric or cam.
It will be obvious that the machine may be made double acting by
causing the steam piston rod to extend through both ends of the steam
cylinder, and providing it with a compressing ram or plunger at each
end. Two sets of apparatus may be worked by two steam cylinders
placed side by side and served from a pair of distributors supplied from a
central pug mill.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Frank Ash Yeo and Henry Hanna in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 2nd February 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, FRANK
ASH YEO, of Swansea, in the County of Glamorgan, Colliery Owner,
and HENRY HANNA, of the same Place, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day, of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Frank Ash Yeo and Henry Hanna, Her
special licence that we, the said Frank Ash Yeo and Henry Hanna,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the
said Frank Ash Yeo and Henry Hanna, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR THE MANU-
FACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL," upon the condition (amongst others) that
we, the said Frank Ash Yeo and Henry Hanna, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Frank Ash Yeo and Henry Hanna,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the
Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon (that is to say): :-
'
.The improved machinery for the manufacture of artificial fuel which
forms the subject of our Invention consists principally of a reciprocating.

page_text: tubular mould, into which the materials of which the fuel is to be
composed are (when properly mixed) forced from a pug mill or
distributor into the tubular mould through an opening made therein for
the purpose. In this tubular mould works a plunger or piston with an
independent action, whereby the fuel in the mould is at the proper time
pushed forward and compressed against a fixed block from which the
tubular mould and plunger subsequently retire so as to push out the
compressed brick of fuel and allow it to drop down into any suitable
receptacle or on to a travelling belt or apron, or on to a table, from
whence it may be removed by hand.
The operation of the working parts will be best understood by refer-
ring to the accompanying Drawings, in which Fig. 1, Sheet I., is a side
elevation of the machine, and Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same; Figures
3, 4, 5, and 6, Sheet II., are sectional views representing the mould and
plunger in different positions.
a is the tubular mould which is brought forward into the positions
shewn at Figures 5 and 6 so as to bring the opening therein under the
opening in the pug mill or distributor b, the rotating arms of which
will force a portion of the plastic materials into the tubular mould a,
which will then advance to and be held against the fixed pressing
block c, as shown at Fig. 3; the rammer or plunger d will then move
forward in the tubular mould and will compress the fuel therein against
the fixed block c, as shewn at Fig. 4, and thus form a brick which will
be disengaged from the tubular mould a by the latter receding while the
brick is held up against the fixed pressing block by the rammer or
plunger, as shewn at Fig. 5; on the rammer or plunger retiring the
brick will be released and will then drop down as shewn at Fig. 6 either
on to a table or on to a travelling belt, not shewn in the Drawing,
whereby it will be conveyed away or into any suitable receptacle. The
motions of the tubular mould and plunger or rammer may be effected
by any of the ordinary well-known mechanical devices, such as by the
crank or excentric, or by cams, but we have found it convenient to give
motion to the plunger or rammer by the direct action of a piston
working in a steam cylinder e, as shewn at Figures 1, 2, and 3. As
regards the tubular mould a this may be worked either by a crank or
by side rods f, f, Figures 1 and 2, acted on by an excentric or cam f
as shewn at Figures 3, 4, 5, and 6.

page_text: In Figures 1 and 2 a is the moveable mould box; b, the pug mill; c,
the fixed block; d, the plunger or rammer; e, the steam cylinder
provided with a piston, a rod from one side of which is secured to the
plunger d, as shewn at Fig. 3, while another rod e¹ connected with a
reciprocating frame is attached to the opposite side of the piston; f,f,
are side rods jointed at one end to the moveable mould box b, and at the
other to a ring f' provided with a tappet piece f against which the
cam f' works as shewn in the several Figures in Sheet II. The mould
box a is provided on each side with ears a', a', which work upon guide
rods g, g, to give steadiness to its motions. A weighted lever his
mounted on a cross shaft ₁ at the rear end of the machine, this shaft
carries at each end levers which are connected by links a³ to one of
the lugs on each side of the moveable mould box, so that when the
box a has been released from the cam or excentric f" (which has drawn
it back) it will be thrown forward against the fixed block e by the
weighted lever h. It will now be understood that the moveable mould
box is held in its place against the block c by the weighted lever h and
is drawn back at the proper time by the cam f¹ acting on the side
rods ff. The plunger or rammer d is forced forward into the mould by
steam acting on the back of the piston in the cylinder e, but it is with-
drawn by the action of a tappet lever i on a cam piece j in the frame j'
which is connected by the rod e¹ to the piston in the steam cylinder.
The tappet piece i and the cams or excentrics f' for working the side
rods ff, of the moveable mould box are mounted on the shaft k of the
large toothed wheel k¹ which is actuated by a pinion on the main
driving shaft . It will be obvious that the machine may be made
double acting by causing the steam piston rod to extend through both
ends of the steam cylinder and providing it with a compressing ram or
plunger at each end. Two sets of apparatus may be worked by two
steam cylinders placed side by side and served from a pair of distributors
supplied from a central pug mill.
Fig. 7, Sheet III. is an elevation, and Fig. 8, Sheet IV. a plan view
of a modification of the machine just described. The main difference
between the two machines is that in the machine shewn in Sheets III.
and IV. there are two moveable moulds formed in a sliding frame or
carriage a, a, arranged to be moved to and fro on guides g, g, in front of
a reciprocating plunger d worked by the piston of a steam cylinder e.

page_text: The two moulds are provided each with rammers or plungers d', d, which
as the mould box or carriage is moved to and fro on its guides are
brought alternately in front of the steam plunger d. The ingredients
of the fuel are placed in the pug mill and are forced out through an
opening in the bottom thereof into one of the moulds which happens to
be beneath the opening. The steam plunger d will then advance and
drive forward the plunger d, and thereby compress the fuel in the
mould. In the meantime the other plunger d will have pushed out
from the other mould the compressed block that has been formed
therein. The sliding mould box frame or carriage a will then be moved
forward by means of steam acting on a piston in the cylinder p below
the mould box; this will bring the other mould with its plunger d³
opposite the steam plunger d. This second mould will then be filled
from the pug mill and the steam plunger by advancing and pressing
forward the plunger & will form the block in the mould. In the mean-
time the plunger d' of the first mould will be forced forward by one of
the vibrating levers q and the block will be pushed out of the first
mould. It will be seen that there is a lever q on each side of the
machine, and these levers rock on pins below and are actuated by studs
or crank pins on the disc wheels q' mounted on a countershaft r which
receives motion from the main driving shafts by means of the toothed
wheels and . The levers 7 are provided at their upper ends with
cross arms q³ which take into forks d', Fig. 7, made on the under side of
the plungers d' and d. It will now be understood that whenever either of
the plungers d¹ or d² is moved into position above the levers q, the latter
when it vibrates will move the plunger in or out of its mould, and will
thus push out the block of fuel as already explained. The mode of
actuating the pug mill and other parts of the machine are so clearly
shewn in the Drawings that it will be unnecessary to give any detailed
description of such parts.
Having now described our Invention of "Improved Machinery for the
Manufacture of Artificial Fuel," and having explained the manner of
carrying the same into effect, we claim, as the Invention secured to us by
Letters Patent as aforesaid, the general arrangement or combination of
parts herein set forth for producing blocks of artificial fuel, or any mere
modification of the same, consisting of a moveable mould or moulds in
combination with a plunger or rammer for compressing the fuel in the

page_text: mould and then expelling it therefrom and allowing it to drop out of
machine as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said Frank Ash Yeo and Henry
Hanna, have hereunto set our hands and seals, the First day of
February, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and seventy.