A NEW OR IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF TYPES FOR PRINTING
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Schaub, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Electró-metallurgist, for the Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED
MANUFACTURE OF TYPES FOR PRINTING."
Sealed the 29th September 1857, and dated the 16th April 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Schaub at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
April 1857.
I, GEORGE SCHAUB, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Electro-
metallurgist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
OR IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF TYPES FOR PRINTING," to be as follows:-
My said Invention consists in manufacturing types for printing, the heads
of which said types are made, as herein-after explained, of copper or alloy of
copper, zinc or alloy of zinc, or nickel or alloy of nickel. The said heads
or printing surfaces of the types are made either by electro-deposition or by
mechanical means. When the said heads are made by electro-deposition I
cause the metal or alloy to be deposited from its solution in suitable moulds by
the well-known processes of electro-metallurgy. When the said heads are
made by mechanical means I emboss or raise the same by dies and pressure,
according to the well-known process of raising metals. The heads are
attached to the body of the type by soldering in the following manner:-I
form the heads of the types in sheets or in series side by side, there being

page_text: depressed divisions between them, so that they can afterwards be readily
divided. I attach solder to the back of the sheet and place it in a mould so
constructed that type metal run into the said mould forms the bodies of the
types, which bodies attach themselves by the solder to the type heads. The
said type heads are afterwards separated by sawing or otherwise.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Schaub in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
14th October 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
SCHAUB, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Electro-metallurgist,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said George Schaub, Her special licence that I, the said George Schaub, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Georgo
Schaub, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED MANUFACTURE
OF TYPES FOR PRINTING," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
George Schaub, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or ono of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Schaub, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
My said Invention consists in manufacturing types for printing, the heads
or printing surfaces of which said types are made, as herein-after explained,
And. illustrated by the Drawing, of copper or alloy of copper, zinc or alloy of

page_text: zinc, nickel or alloy of nickel, or such other metal or alloy as is or may be
suitable for the production of the said type heads or printing surfaces.
The said heads or printing surfaces of the types are made either by the
process of electro-deposition or by mechanical means. When the said heads
are made by electro-deposition I effect the deposition of copper or other
suitable metal or alloy in moulds constructed in the manner illustrated in the
accompanying Drawing.
I take a series of bars of metal of the form represented in plan at a,
Figure 1, the said bars being plain on one side and serrated on the other, as
represented. I join two of the bars a together, back to back, so as to form a
compound bar of the shape represented at 6; or I sometimes employ a single
bar and serrate both sides of it, instead of joining together two bars serrated
on one side only. When the serrated faces of the bars a, b, are presented to
each other, spaces of the. form represented at c, Figure 2, are left between
the said bars, and in the said spaces c, c, types of the ordinary kind are
dropped, the heads of the said types projecting above the tops of the plates
in which the holes c, c, are formed. A frame e is provided with a series of
the compound bars b, b, which said bars are fixed in the said frame e by two
screws f. f. The said frame e is dropped into a shallow box g.
Figure 3 represents in longitudinal section the box g, containing the frame e
with the compound bars b, b. The summits or heads of the types are marked
d, d, in Figure 8.
:
Figure 4 represents a transverse section of Figure 2. A cast is taken of
the heads of the types d, d, by plaster of Paris, gutta percha, or otherwise; or I
take an impression from the said types by the well-known electrotype process.
I then deposit copper or other metal or alloy in the cast or mould obtained as
described, and thus procure a sheet of metal consisting of the heads of types
arranged in a series side by side, and having depressed divisions between them,
so that they can afterwards be readily divided. I attach or run soft solder.
on the back of the sheet of type heads, and by filing or otherwise reduce
the thickness of the sheet, so that the parts between the type heads shall
be very thin. I place the said sheet of type heads on the bottom of
the box g, the soldered back of the sheet of type heads being uppermost.
I then place upon the sheet of type heads the frame e, filled with the
bars b, b, the spaces c, c, being unoccupied. I then fill the box 9 with
molten type metal, which runs down and fills the spaces c, c, the said typo
metal attaching itself to the soldered plate, which closes the bottoms of the
spaces c, c. There is thus produced a series of type bodies soldered at one
end to the sheet of type heads, each of the type bodies being immediately

page_text: The superfluous metal is poured from
bars b, b, havo sufficiently cooled, and
at the back of one of the type heads.
the box g, and when the moulds or
the metal in the spaces c, c, has solidified, the screws f, f, are withdrawn and
the bars 'b, b, liberated. On the removal of the plates or bars b, b, the sheet
of type heads having type bodies soldered at their backs is divided by sawing
or breaking off. The broken edges of the type heads are rendered smooth
by grinding or otherwise. The bottom of the type is shaped and the guide.
in the side thereof produced by filing or otherwise. The sheet of type heads
may be divided previous to the casting process, the separated type heads
being placed singly under the frame e. After the casting process the types
do not require breaking off from one another. This last-described method is
particularly applicable to the manufacture of the larger kinds of type.
When I produce a sheet of type heads by mechanical means I emboss or
raise the same by dios and pressure, according to the well-known processes·
of raising metals. I afterwards attach the typo bodies to the backs of the
type heads, and finish the types in the manner already described with reference
to Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4. I sometimes dispense with the box g, making the
frame e of greater height than is represented in the Drawing, so as to enable
it to hold a depth of liquid metal equal to that held by the box g. I close
the bottom of the frame e by a plate of metal, or by a plaster or electrotype
cast, in which the sheet of type heads fits. My method of casting type bodies
is applicable to the casting of the pieces used in letter-press printing called
spaces," "
quadrats," and otherwise, which "spaces" and "quadrats" are
used, as is well known, between the letters, words, or lines in printing. I
cast the said "spaces" and "quadrats" by the use of the plates 6, 6, the spaces
c, c, being made of the requisite size and form. The bottom of the frame e
is closed with a plain surface.
66
I sometimes effect the various kinds of casting herein described under
pressure.
I will describe the method I pursue with reference to Figures 2 and 3.
The top of the box g is closed by a plate, or the said plate rests upon the
top of the frame e. A funnel of any desired height is fixed in a hole in the
said plate, and the molten metal is poured down the said funnel and made
to fill the spaces c, c, and the funnel. The pressure of the molten metal. in
the said funnel makes the casting more dense and sound. When the plate
rests upon the top of the frame e a channel is made from the funnel on the
under surface of the said plate, communicating with a series of branch channels
running over each row of the spaces c, c. The said channels conduct the
metal from the funnel to the several spaces in which the casting is effected.

page_text: Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner
of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that I do not
limit myself to the precise details herein described and represented, as the
same may be varied without departing from the nature of my said Invention;.
but I claim as my Invention the new or improved manufacture of types for
printing, herein-before described, and illustrated by the accompanying Drawing,
that is to say, manufacturing types for printing by casting the stems or bodies
of the types at the back of type heads and finishing the same as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Schaub, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twelfth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT,
Clerk to George Shaw.
GEORGE SCHAUB. (L.S.)