IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF CASTING INGOTS An Amber
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Devonshire Ellis, of Thurascoe Hall, near Rotherham,
in the County of York, Managing Director of Messrs. John Brown & Co.,
Limited, Atlas Works, Sheffield, in the said County of York, for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF CASTING INGOTS
An Amber"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Devonshire Ellis at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th February 1882.
JOHN DEVONSHIRE ELLIS of Thurascoe Hall near Rotherham in the County of
York Managing Director of Messrs. John Brown & Co Limited Atlas Works
Sheffield in the said County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD
OF CASTING INGOTS OF STEEL."
My Invention consists in the adaptation and application to the mould ordinarily
employed for casting such ingots, of a feeder composed of fire clay or other suitable
non-conducting material, for the purpose of making sound ingots by obviating the
tendency hitherto found in the use of the ordinary mould to produce ingots which
are more or less hollow through a considerable portion of their length, owing to
the solidifying and consequent contraction of the steel at the top end and at the
sides of the mould before it has become solid below and in the centre.
By the application to the mould of a feeder of non-conducting material, the
molten metal after passing into the feeder will remain longer in a molten condition
than it does in that part of the mould where such metal impinges on the metal
sides of the mould, and sinking towards the centre of the mould will fill up such
hollow as is caused by the solidifying and consequent contraction of the metal,
which is found to take place on or towards the sides of the mould and from the
centre.
The feeder will be generally circular in section, but it may be of other suitable
form, and it may be either open at the top or closed with only a hole for the escape
of gases. It is fitted into the top of the mould, so that the molten metal as it

page_text: enters at the bottom thereof as usual is caused by a head pressure to rise therein,
and fill the whole of the mould, and the whole or a part of the tube or receiver
which forms the feeder.
This feeder may be fitted to the mould so as to be held in position by a metal
frame enclosing it, such metal frame being secured to the mould by pins and
cottars or it may be otherwise fitted thereto. If the feeder be closed at the top,
the metal frame may be made to cover it completely, but with a hole corresponding
with that in the said inner tube or receiver.
This Invention is also applicable to those moulds which are fed from the top
when the molten metal is poured in through the feeder and the same results are
produced but the more ordinary method now is to feed the mould from the
bottom.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Devonshire Ellis in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th August 1882.
JOHN DEVONSHIRE ELLIS of Thurnscoe Hall near Rotherham in the County of
York Managing Director of Messrs. John Brown & Co Limited Atlas Works
Sheffield in the said County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD
OF CASTING INGOTS OF STEEL"
My Invention of "Improvements in the Mode or Method of Casting Ingots of
Steel" consists in the adaptation and application to the mould ordinarily employed
for casting such ingots, of a feeder composed of fireclay or other suitable non-
conducting material, for the purpose of making sound ingots (made either by the
Bessemer Siemens or other process) by obviating the tendency hitherto found in
the use of the ordinary mould to produce ingots which are tnore or less hollow
through a considerable portion of their length owing to the solidifying and
consequent contraction of the steel on or towards the sides of the mould before it
has become solid above and in the centre.
By the application to the mould of a feeder of nonconducting material the
molten metal after filling the mould will pass into the feeder and remain therein in
a molten condition longer than it does in that part of the mould where such metal
impinges on the metal sides of the mould and sinking towards the centre of the
mould will fill up such hollow as is caused by the solidifying and consequent con-
traction of the metal which is found to take place on or towards the sides of the
mould and from the centre.
The feeder may be circular or of other suitable form in section, and it may be
either open at the top or closed with only a hole for the escape of gases. It is fitted
into the top of the mould so that the molten metal as it enters at the bottom
thereof as usual is caused by a head pressure to rise therein, and fill the whole
of the mould and the whole or part of the tube or receiver which forms the
feeder.
This feeder may be fitted to the mould so as to be held in position by a metal
frame or cover to the mould enclosing it, such metal frame being secured to the
mould by pins and cottars or it may be otherwise fitted thereto. If the feeder be
closed at the top the metal frame may be made to cover it completely but with a
hole corresponding with that in the said inner tube or receiver.
This Invention is also applicable to those moulds which are fed from the top
when the molten metal is poured in through the feeder and the same results
are produced but the more ordinary method now is to feed the mould from the
bottom.
Having thus stated the nature of the said Invention I will proceed to describe
more particularly in what manner the same is to be performed by the aid of the
accompanying Drawings in which are represented two forms of feeder applied to
an ingot mould.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig 1 is a vertical section of a mould with a feeder having a closed top the
cover of the mould being removed. Fig: 2 is a plan or horizontal view of the
same: Figures 3 and 4 are corresponding views of the feeder detached: Figures 5
and 6 are section and plan of a mould shewing a feeder with an open top.
Figures 7 and 8 are corresponding views of the feeder detached.-In these several
Figures the same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

page_text: a is the feeder composed of fireclay or other suitable nonconducting material b is
a hole formed in the closed top af the feeder for the escape of gases, c is the mould
which is formed as represented at din order to adinit of the insertion of the
feeder a which is surrounded by a packing of wood f between the outer surface of
the feeder and the interior of the mould.
The cover to the mould (not shewn in the Drawing) has a hole formed in it
corresponding to the hole band is secured to the mould by bolts and cottars
at K, e.
In the closed top mould represented in Figures 1 and 2 the molten metal enters
the mould from the bottom and through a head pressure is caused to rise and fill
both the mould and the fire clay tube a whilst in the open top mould represented
in Figures 5 and 6 the metal is poured from the pots into the top of the
mould.
The form of the feeder may be varied from that represented in the Figures
and also the mode of its insertion in the mould but the form of feeder and mode
of insertion represented and described will be found to be suitable for the
purpose.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed I hereby declare that I do not claim as of my
Invention any particular form of mould or feeder or mode of inserting the same in
the mould as these may be varied without departing from the principle or
essential feature of my Invention which is the application of a fireclay tube or
feeder of nonconducting material for the purpose described but what I do claim
as of my Invention is:-The adaptation and application to moulds for casting
ingots of steel of a feeder or tube composed of fireclay or other suitable non-
conducting material for the purpose of making sound ingots in the manner
herein before described.
In witness whereof I the said John Devonshire Ellis have hereunto set my
hand and seal the Seventeenth day of August in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
Witness
ELIAS MIDDLETON
Atlas Works Sheffield
Clerk.
JOHN DEVONSHIRE ELLIS. (L.S.)