IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING SEWAGE OR OTHER LIQUIDS OR SUBSTANCES CONTAINING NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, OR THEIR COMPOUNDS IN ORDER TO DEODORISE OR PRECIPITATE THE SAME AND OBTAIN USEFUL PRODUCTS THEREFROM
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Townsend, of Glasgow, in the County
}
of Lanark, North Britain, Manufacturing Chemist, for the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING SEWAGE OR OTHER LIQUIDS OR
SUBSTANCES CONTAINING NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, OR THEIR COMPOUNDS IN
ORDER TO DEODORISE OR PRECIPITATE THE SAME AND OBTAIN USEFUL PRODUCTS
THEREFROM."
Sealed the 25th November 1873, and dated the 31st May 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Townsend at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 31st May 1873.
I, JOSEPH TOWNSEND, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING SEWAGE OR OTHER LIQUIDS OR
SUBSTANCES CONTAINING NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, OR THEIR COMPOUNDS IN ORDER
TO DEODORISE OR PRECIPITATE THE SAME AND OBTAIN USEFUL PRODUCTS THEREFROM,"
to be as follows, that is to say :—
1

page_text: nitrogenous matter or phosphorous compounds, and consists in certain
modes of using alumina, lime, magnesia, phosphoric acid, or combinations
or compounds thereof.
A precipitant or deodoriser is formed according to one modification
by taking 100 pounds of a phosphate containing, for example, 40 per 5
centum of phosphoric acid and 20 per centum of alumina, and mixing
therewith 58 pounds of lime, whereby there are formed phosphate and
aluminate of lime, or 36 pounds magnesia may be substituted for the
lime, yielding phosphate and aluminate of magnesia, or 47 pounds lime
and 8 pounds magnesia may be used instead of either the lime or 1
magnesia alone. If the phosphate employed contains proportions of
phosphoric acid and alumina different from those mentioned the
quantities of the lime or magnesia must be correspondingly modified.
By a second modification the precipitant or deodoriser is made to
consist of a mixture of alumina with lime or magnesia, or with both 1
lime and magnesia.
By a third modification a substance containing alumina associated
with silica is used instead of one containing alumina alone or principally,
and is mixed with the lime or magnesia, or both.
The precipitant or deodoriser obtained in any of the modes herein- 2
before described is to be mixed with the sewage or other liquids or
substances in proportions corresponding to the nitrogen and phosphorus
found by trial to be present, and effects the desired results, the precipitate
formed fixing or holding the nitrogenous and phosphorised constituents
and forming with them a compound useful and valuable as a fertiliser or 2
manure.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Joseph Townsend in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 28th November 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH 30
TOWNSEND, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Manu-
facturing Chemist, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
5 cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Joseph Townsend, Her
special licence that I, the said Joseph Townsend, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph Townsend,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time, and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TREATING SEWAGE OR OTHER LIQUIDS OR SUBSTANCES CONTAINING NITROGEN,
PHOSPHORUS, OR THEIR COMPOUNDS IN ORDER TO DEODORISE OR PRECIPITATE THE
5 SAME AND OBTAIN USEFUL PRODUCTS THEREFROM,” upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Joseph Townsend, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Townsend, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement in writing, that is to say :-
My said Invention has for its object the deodorising and purifying or
partial purifying of sewage or other liquids or substances containing
nitrogenous matter or phosphorus compounds, and consists in certain
modes of using alumina, lime, magnesia, phosphoric acid, or combinations
or compounds thereof.
In practically carrying out my said Invention according to one modi-
fication I form a precipitant or deodoriser by taking 100 pounds of a
phosphate containing, for example, 40 per centum of phosphoric acid
and 20 per centum of alumina, and mixing therewith 58 pounds of lime.
I also find it desirable for the purpose of promoting or facilitating the
intended reaction to add from 2 to 5 per centum of soda or potash, or

page_text: an equivalent proportion of carbonate, or sulphate, or sulphite of soda
or potash with sufficient additional lime to set free the alkali. The
products of the reaction are principally phosphate and aluminate of
lime. For the lime there may be substituted 36 pounds of magnesia,
yielding principally phosphate and aluminate of magnesia, or both lime
and magnesia may be used by preference in the proportion of 47 pounds
lime and 8 pounds magnesia. If the phosphate employed contains
proportions of phosphoric acid and alumina different from those herein-
before mentioned the quantities of the lime or magnesia must be corre-
spondingly modified.
By a second modification I make the precipitant or deodoriser to
consist of a mixture of alumina with lime or magnesia, or with both
lime and magnesia.
By a third modification I use a substance containing alumina
associated with silica, instead of one containing alumina alone or
principally, and I mix it with the lime or magnesia or both, adding the
alkali or substances yielding alkali as herein-before described in the first.
modification.
The precipitant or deodoriser obtained in any of the modes herein-
before described is to be mixed with the sewage or other liquids or
substances in proportions corresponding to the nitrogen and phosphorus
found by trial to be present, and effects the desired results, the precipitate
formed fixing or holding the nitrogenous and phosphorised constituents
and forming with them a compound useful and valuable as a fertiliser
and manure.
Having thus particulary described my said Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, I have to state that I do not restrict myself to
the precise details herein-before referred to, but that what I believe to
be novel and original, and claim as the Invention secured to me by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
1. The treating of sewage or other liquids or substances containing
nitrogen, phosphorus, or their compounds with precipitants or deodorisers
containing phosphate and aluminate of lime or of magnesia or of both,
and prepared substantially as herein-before described.
2. The obtaining of fertilisers or manures by precipitating or deo-
dorising liquids or substances with compounds comprising phosphate

page_text: and aluminate of lime or of magnesia or of both, substantially as herein-
before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Townsend, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of November, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
three.