IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATORS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Dewrance and George Henry Wall, both of 176,
Great Dover Street, Borough, in the County of Surrey, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATORS."
Sealed the 18th April 1879, and dated the 11th February 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Dewrance and George
Henry Wall at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th February
1879.
JOHN DEWRANCE and GEORGE HENRY WALL, both of 176, Great Dover Street,
Borough, in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATORS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in lubricators, and is applicable
for the admission of oil or other lubricants to spaces containing steam or other fluid
under pressure.
We cause the oil or other lubricants to be contained in a cylinder provided with
a piston. The lubricant is subjected to a pressure which preponderates somewhat
over the pressure of the steam or other fluid. This result is obtained by preference
by admitting the steam or the fluid to one side of the piston, and diminishing the
area of the other side which presses upon the lubricant.
Or we may admit the pressure of the steam or other fluid to one side of the piston,
and have a spring or weight operating to produce the required difference of pressure
on the lubricant on the other side.
In the arrangement which we believe to be the most convenient the passage
intended to convey the lubricant to the place where it is required, and in which
may be a cock or valve, has a cylinder mounted upon it containing a piston having
on one side a rod passing out by a stuffing box through the cover of the
cylinder.
On the same side of the cylinder we provide a suitable filling opening, through
which the lubricant is introduced.
The area of the side of the piston which is exposed to the steam or other fluid
being larger than that which is exposed to the lubricant, the initial pressure per
square inch of the lubricant preponderates, and causes it to find its way past the
piston by a small aperture which may be capable of regulation..

page_text: Thus the lubricant enters the side of the cylinder which is open to the steam or
fluid, and thence it drains away to the part to be lubricated. The greater pressure
on the lubricant prevents the steam or other fluid from entering and mixing with
it, thereby avoiding inconvenience which is frequently experienced with other
lubricators.
An adjustment of the quantity of lubricant expended may be obtained by applying
a weight or spring to the outer end of the piston rod.
The-piston rod-serves also to indicate the quantity of oil or lubricant contained
in the cylinder.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Dewrance and George Henry Wall in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 11th August 1879.
JOHN DEWRANCE and GEORGE HENRY WALL, both of 176, Great Dover Street,
Borough, in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN. LUBRICATORS!"
This Invention has for its-object-improvements in lubricators, and is applicable
for the admission of oil or other lubricants to spaces containing steam or other fluid
under pressure.
We cause the oil or other lubricants to be contained in a cylinder provided with
a piston. The lubricant is subjected to a pressure which preponderates somewhat
over the pressure of the steam or other fluid. This result is obtained by preference
by admitting the steam or other fluid to one side of the piston, and diminishing the
area of the other side which presses upon the lubricant; or we may admit the
pressure of the steam or other fluid to one side of the piston, and have a spring or
weight operating to produce the required difference of pressure on the lubricant on
the other side.
In the arrangement which we believe to be the most convenient the passage
intended to convey the lubricant to the place where it is required, and in which
may be a cock or valve; has a cylinder mounted upon it containing a piston having
on one side a rod passing out by a stuffing box through the cover of the cylinder.
On the same side of the cylinder we provide a suitable filling opening, through
which the lubricant is introduced. The area of the side of the piston which is
exposed to the steam or other fluid being larger than that which is exposed to the
lubricant, the initial pressure per square inch of the lubricant preponderates, and
causes it to find its way past the piston by a small aperture which may be capable
of regulation. Thus the lubricant enters the side of the cylinder which is open to
the steam or fluid, and thence it drains away to the part to be lubricated. The greater
pressure on the lubricant prevents the steam or other. fluid from entering and mixing
with it, thereby avoiding the inconvenience which is frequently experienced with
other lubricators. An adjustment of the quantity of lubricant expended may be
obtained by applying a weight or spring to the outer end of the piston rod.

page_text: The piston rod serves also to indicate the quantity of oil or lubricant contained
in the cylinder.
In order that our said Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect, we will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a vertical section of one of our lubricators in its simplest form.
a, a, is a cylindrical vessel containing a piston 6 fitted to it so as to be able to
work freely; c is a tubular foot, upon which the cylinder a is screwed, and through
which there is a free passage for the entrance of steam and to lead the lubricant
away to the part to which the lubricator is adapted. A stop cock is provided in
this foot, by which the lubricator can be put out of use when lubrication is not
required, or by which the steam under the piston may be discharged when it is
required to refil the lubricator. The piston 6 has a rod b¹ passing out by a stuffing
through the top of the cylinder. d is a screw plug closing an opening by which
the lubricant is poured into the cylinder so as to fill the whole of the space above
the piston. On the admission of steam beneath the piston, the lubricant being
exposed to a higher pressure per square inch than the steam by the amount due to
the sectional area of the rod, gradually oozes past the piston, and having once passed
the piston it has free passage to the part to be lubricated. If the piston be a good
easy fit within the cylinder the quantity of lubricant it will permit to pass will be
about the amount required.
Figure 2 shows an arrangement in which there is power of varying the adjust-
ment. A passage for the lubricant is formed through the piston as well as around
it, and in this case the piston is made as good a fit as is consistent with free working.
The piston rod is screwed into the hole in the piston, and its lower end forms a cone
valve, entering the mouth of a narrow passage, through which under the influence
of pressure the lubricant flows. By turning the piston rod partly round this
passage can be more or less contracted, and an adjustment of the flow effected. The
piston rod is made to fit somewhat tightly into the piston, and is grooved at the
sides so that the lubricant may be able to pass it. The boss in the centre of the
piston on the under side is square, and when the piston is down it fits into a cor-
responding recess in the foot c, so that the piston may not turn in the cylinder at
the time when the adjustment is made by screwing the piston rod in or out.
Figure 3 is a section of a lubricator, in which the piston rod is not rigidly fixed to
the piston. A hollow is formed in the piston, which is closed by a screw cap. The
cavity contains a nut fitting it somewhat loosely, but the nut is not able to turn
within the cavity. Screwing down the piston rod through the nut regulates the
size of the aperture for the flow of the lubricant in the manner already described
in respect to Figure 2. The aperture in this case is in the centre of the screw cap.
This lubricator also is furnished with a cover such as is described in the Provisional
Specification filed by us, and dated the 23rd day of July 1879, No. 2998.
cover; its sectional form and the manner in which it screws into its place in a
cavity provided for it on the top of the lubricator is clearly shown by the Drawing.
It forms a tight joint around the filling aperture by means of the annular projec-
jection e¹, which comes down upon and compresses a ring of packing inserted into
a groove in the top of the cylinder a. The cover is hollow, and has underneath a
plate of perforated metal e², which is held in its place by the disc nut e³. The disc
nute has holes in it so that the lubricant which is poured in at the hole e* can pass
through, and in its passage the lubricant is strained through the strainer plate e².
The cover is partly unscrewed at the time of filling, so that the lubricant may flow
to the interior of the cylinder a by the space around the piston rod. Afterwards
by the aid of the lever or handle e the cover is screwed home to its place. A flap
turning upon a pin or stud closes the hole e¹. The piston rod passes out through
the top of the cover e by a stuffing box. In this Figure the foot of the lubricator
is represented with an asbestos packed cock for turning the lubricator off when it
e is this

page_text: is not required for use, and the cock is so constructed that it may also be used for
blowing out the steam from the cylinder.
Figure 4 is a section of another lubricator differing from that just described in
that the regulated passage for the lubricant past the piston from one side of it to
the other is on the exterior of the cylinder a; the regulating screw valve checks
the flow of the lubricant-at-the-point where it emerges beneath-the-piston. The
arrangement represented-in-Figure 5 resembles Figure 3, except that the piston rod
is hollow, and the spindle of the regulating valve passes down through it.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, we would remark that we are aware that-it-has-before-been-
proposed to construct lubricators in such manner that the lubricant is made to pass
à piston, but in such lubricators as heretofore proposed the passage past the piston
has been such that as soon as the preponderating pressure is brought to bear upon
the lubricant it would immediately pass from one side of the piston to the other;
hence a regulating valve has been provided to check the flow of the lubricant after
it has passed the piston; but it is an essential feature of our Invention that after
the lubricant has passed the piston free passage is permitted to it away from the
lubricator to the parts where the lubrication is required, and that the flow of the
lubricant is checked or regulated in the passage by which it is permitted to pass
from one side of the piston to the other.
What we claim is,―
First. The construction of piston lubricators applicable for the gradual admission
of lubricant to spaces containing steam or other fluid under pressure in such manner
that the steam or fluid being on one side of the piston, and the lubricant on the
other, the lubricant is subjected to a preponderating pressure per square inch, and
is thereby caused to flow past the piston by a passage which is made of or adjusted
to a suitable size to deliver the lubricant at the rate at which it is required to be
expended, and is then allowed to pass away freely to the parts where the lubrication
is required.
Second. The construction of lubricators substantially as described, and repre-
sented in the annexed Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Dewrance, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Seventh day of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy nine.
(CE. (L.B.)
JOHN DEWRANCE.