Trueing Spinales.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Mar., 1886.
Complete Left, 18th Jan., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 18th Feb., 1887
Trueing Spinales.
We EDWIN CROSSLEY and WILLIAM CROSSLEY both of the firm of Buckley and
Crossley of the Tame Valley Spindle Works, Dukenfield, in the County of Chester,
Spindle and Flyer Makers, do hereby declare the nature of this Invention to be as
follows:-
Our said Invention has reference principally to the machinery or apparatus
employed in the grinding and trueing of spindles for use in textile machinery but is
also applicable in the grinding of spindles for other uses. In a well known type of
spindle grinding machinery the slide carrying the spindle is moved while passing
in front of the grinding wheel by the agency of a fixed template which causes the
spindle to be presented to the grinding wheel so as to be ground to the same angle
or taper as that on the face of the template, whereby uniformity in the spindles is
secured. The slide with the centres or bearings carrying the spindle moves
backwards and forwards in front of the grinding wheel or stone and in the path fixed
by the template. The grinding wheel is carried in sliding bearing brackets and is
fed towards the spindle by means of a screw and one of the objects of our Invention
is to regulate this feed so as to secure a very fine application of the grinding wheel
during the last or finishing cut or cuts whereby the spindles so treated are more
uniformly exact in diameter and gauge. The threaded shaft which advances the
grinding wheel is prolonged to the front of the machine and carries a ratchet wheel at
or near its outer end. Two ratchet pawls are pivoted on the side of the slide bed of
the machine the said pawls engaging with the aforesaid ratchet wheel so that the
said ratchet wheel and threaded feed shaft are unable to turn except when one or
both of the pawls is or are lifted out of contact with the wheel. On the outer
extremity of the feed shaft is a hand wheel or handle for turning the feed shaft by
hand. On another intermediate part of the feed shaft, for example beneath the slide
bed, is fixed another ratchet wheel and a forked or other shaped lever pivotted on the
shaft carries a pawl which engages with the ratchet wheel and connects the forked
lever to the wheel. A rod hanging from the end of this ratchet pawl lever carries a
ΓΣ
+
1

page_text: weight or weights and adjustable stops or nuts are fixed to or screwed on the rod so
as to play between fixed brackets which limit the ascent and descent of the weight or
weights. The distance which these weights are allowed to fall represents the total
amount of corresponding forward feed imparted to the grinding wheel so that by
regulating the position of the stops the feed of the grinding wheel is correspondingly
increased or diminished. Instead of having these stops beneath the slide bed on the
rod which carries the weight or weights we might prolong a lever from a cross
shaft up to the front of the machine so as to have the means for adjustment close at
hand. The two ratchet pawls which are pivoted on the slide bed and which
engage with the ratchet wheel first herein mentioned are formed with tails which are
operated by catches on a bar sliding in brackets on the slide bed. At the termination
of each movement of the slide carrying the spindle the sliding bar is also moved by
catches on the slide and lifts one of the ratchets so as to allow the ratchet wheel and
feed shaft to revolve to the extent of say half a tooth of the ratchet wheel. The
grinding wheel is thus fed forward to this extent at each reversal of the slide until
the stops on the weighted rod have approached the fixed brackets so nearly that at the
next operation of the ratchet pawls the ratchet wheel will revolve to the extent of say
only a quarter of a tooth or less so that the last advance of the grinding wheel is less
than the foregoing feeds and the finishing cut or contact between the spindle and
the grinding wheel is lighter than the preceding cuts whereby greater accuracy in the
gauge of the spindle is obtained. In practice the last cut of all is not due to any
advance of the grinding wheel but results from the spring of the parts of the
machine. When the advance of the grinding wheel is complete it may be returned
to its starting point by operating the hand wheel or handle on the end of the feed
shaft. As the grinding wheel becomes reduced in diameter by continued use it may
be set forward a little by turning the hereinbefore referred to intermediate ratchet
wheel to the extent of one tooth or more as desired.
The apparatus for reversing the traverse of the slide and for stopping the machine
when the spindle has been ground the required number of times is as follows:-An
upright reversing lever is pivoted at the end of the slide bed and at the termination
of each traverse of the slide this lever is automatically moved to one side or the
other together with the fork for shifting the belt on the fast and loose driving pullies
whereby the direction of traverse of the slide is altered. A ratchet tooth rack slides
on studs or other supports on the side of the slide bed and is operated as hereinafter
described. A bell crank lever is pivotted on a stud to the side of the slide bed, the
upwardly projecting arm of which carries a ratchet pawl which engages with
the aforesaid sliding rack. The horizontal arm of the bell crank lever rests at
times upon a projection from the aforesaid sliding bar; when the bar moves so as to
slide the said projection beneath the step or crook in the bell crank lever arm the
arm drops by its own gravity and the pawl on the other arm of the bell crank is
advanced a tooth on the rack. On the return stroke of the sliding bar the stepped
arm is again raised by the return of the projection and the pawl pulls the rack
forward to the extent of say one tooth. We also pivot a straight double lever at or
about the centre of its length on the slide bed the said lever being connected at its
lower end by a spring to a fixed part of the slide bed while its upper end carries
what we will term a duplex pawl one portion of which is formed with a shoulder
at its outer end and with a ratchet tooth which engages with the rack and holds the
same in position at the times when the pawl on the bell crank lever is being advanced.
The other half of the said duplex pawl is simply a latch which rests upon the
ratchet tooth of the other half and comes into action when the machine is to be
stopped. The said stoppage of the machine is brought about in the following manner.
The pawl on the bell crank lever slides the rack back, tooth by tooth, at each reversal
of the slide until the last cut has been taken by the grinding wheel and at the last
reversal the rack is pulled from beneath the stationary duplex pawl. That half of
the pawl which carries the ratchet tooth drops at once, but the latch half of the pawl
when deprived of the support of the ratchet tooth remains supported by a projection
on the reversing lever which in swinging back is encountered and stopped by the

page_text: shoulder on the dropped half of the pawl. The pawl and lever yield slightly to the
impact of the reversing lover the spring on the lower extremity of the straight double
lever permitting them so to resile, the consequence being that the reversing lever is
allowed to swing a little past the perpendicular so as to carry the belt fork a little over
the outer fast pulley. In the meantime by the removal of the reversing-lever
projection from beneath it, the so called latch half of the duplex pawl has also
dropped, so that the projection on the reversing lever is trapped and held between
the two shoulders on the respective halves of the duplex pawl. The reversing lever
is carried back to the perpendicular by the duplex pawl which is retracted by the
resilience of the spring and the machine comes to a state of rest so as to allow the
spindle which has just been ground to be removed and replaced by another. The
projection from the reversing lever which is locked by the duplex pawl in the manner
described is carried by a sliding bar on the lever and when the machine is ready to be
restarted this sliding bar is raised, lifting both the duplex pawl and the working pawl
on the bell crank lever which allows the rack to be pushed by a spring back to its
normal position. The grinding wheel has been meanwhile returned to its starting
point by operating the hand wheel or handle on the outer end of the feed shaft and
the machine on being restarted begins to operate on the fresh spindle.
.
DUTTON & FULTON,
1, St. James Square, Manchester
Agents.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Grinding and
Trueing Spindles.
We EDWIN CROSSLEY and WILLIAM CROSSLEY both of the firm of Buckley and
Crossley of the Tame Valley Spindle Works, Dukinfield, in the County of Chester,
Spindle and Flyer Makers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement and accompanying drawings:
Our said Invention has reference principally to the machinery or apparatus
employed in the grinding and trueing of spindles for use in textile machinery and
manufactures, but is also applicable in the grinding of spindles for other uses. In a
well known type of spindle grinding machinery the slide carrying the spindle to be
ground is moved while passing in front of the grinding wheel by the agency of a
fixed and adjustable template or by fixed and adjustable templates which acts or act
upon the slide in such a manner as to cause the spindle to be presented to the grinding
wheel so as to be ground at an angle or taper corresponding to the angle or taper on
the face of the template or templates whereby uniformity in the various spindles
ground is secured. The carriage slide which supports the spindle is moved backward
and forward across and in front of the grinding wheel or stone and in the path fixed
by the template. The grinding wheel is carried on a slide or in sliding bearing
brackets and is fed towards the spindle by means of a screw. The chief objects of my
invention are to limit the advance of the grinding wheel to a fixed and uniform point
and also to obtain a very fine application of the wheel to the spindle during the
finishing cut or cuts whereby the spindles so ground are more uniformly exact in
diameter and gange.
The machine is automatically stopped when the spindle is
finished.
And in order that our said invention may be properly understood we will now
proceed more particularly to describe and ascertain the system mode or manner in or
under which the same is or may be used or carried practically into effect, reference
being had to the annexed three sheets of drawings and to the letters and figures
marked thereon, to be as follows, that is to say-Fig. 1 on sheet 1 of the drawings
is a front elevation of our improved spindle grinding machine. Fig. 2 sheet 2 is a
plan view of the same. Fig. 3 sheet 3 is an end elevation of the machine, the slide
bed being shown in section so as to enable the enclosed parts to be more clearly seen.
The slide bed A is supported upon end frames or standards B, which are shown
broken off in sheets 1 and 3 for want of space. The said slide bed A serves to support
the carriage slide C. The carriage slide consists of an upper portion (and a lower
portion the upper portion being pivotted upon the lower portion C¹ so as to
admit of the sidelong movements imparted to it by the aforesaid template or templates,
as hereinafter more particularly referred to and as usual in existing types of spindle
grinding machinery. Upon the upper swivelling portion of the slide are fixed the

page_text: heads or brackets D and E. The head or bracket D carries the driving centre F
which is actuated by fast and loose pullies G while the head or bracket E carries the
centre H, which latter is capable of being advanced and retracted by means of the
handle I (Fig. 1). A spindle J can thus be quickly introduced between the said
centres F and H and rotated by the constantly revolving centre F. A series of back
rests K are adjustably fixed in suitable holdfasts as shown, the said holdfasts being
secured to a slide in the bed plate L. These back rests K are set up to the required
degree against the spindle and support it against the pressure of the grinding wheel M.
The slide carrying the back rests K can be moved toward and from the spindle by a
crank or cam not shown in the drawing and actuated by the handle N. As shown
by Figs. 2 and 3 of the drawing a slide bed is situated at right angles to the slide
bed A, the said slide bed O receiving the sliding carriage R upon which the grinding
wheel M is mounted to revolve in bearings P as shown. The wheel M is driven at a
suitably high speed from fast and loose pullies Q. Upon the sliding carriage R are
fixed or formed bosses S which receive threaded nuts or are cut with a screw thread
to correspond with the screw T, the said screw being employed to advance and retract
the carriage R and grinding wheel M toward and from the spindle as is well under-
stood. The slide Cresting upon the bed A is moved to and fro by means of a
pinion U fixed upon the cross shaft V and actuated by gearing from the shaft Was
shown clearly by Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings. The said pinion U works in a rack
fixed to the lower side of the slide C. The shaft W is in its turn actuated from the
shaft X, which is driven from the pullies Y Y Y³. As those pullies are worked by
a single driving belt it is necessary to introduce the reversing initre gear 7, 72, 7³.
The pullies and Y2 run loose upon the shaft X the pulley Y being merely a carrier
pulley to receive the belt when the machine is stopped. The pulley Y¹, which also
runs loose, carries upon its boss a bevel or mitre wheel Z3 which gears with an
intermediate bevel wheel Z2, whereby the bevel wheel Z¹ is driven the latter bevel
wheel Zis fixed upon the shaft X. The pulley Y3 being fast upon the shaft X the
said shaft is driven directly therefrom, and in Fig. 2 as indicated by the position of
the belt fork a this direct driving of the shaft X is supposed to be taking place, and
as a consequence the sliding carriage C is being traversed in the direction of the
arrow, Figs. 1 and 2. When the belt has been shifted to the pulley Y¹ the reversing
gearing, Z, Z2, Z3 comes into action and the motions of the shafts and parts become
reversed with the result that the sliding carriage C traverses in a reverse direction to
that indicated by the arrows. As already set forth the upper movable half C of the
slide is pivotted to the lower sliding part C¹, so as to be capable of being diverted
from an absolutely straight path during the reciprocation of the slide upon the bed A..
An inclined surface or template 6, is fixed in a suitable situation and the movable part
of the slide bears upon and is governed in its sidelong movements by the inclined
edge or contour of the template so that the spindle J carried by the slide is presented
to the grinding wheel at an angle corresponding to the angle of the governing
template b. This and the foregoing parts of the apparatus, however form no part of
our invention and we have referred to them merely for the purpose of making the
action of the parts composing our invention more clear and easily understood.
reference to the apparatus limiting and governing the feed of the grinding wheel M
towards the spindle to be ground-as has been already said the slide R carrying the
grinding wheel is moved backward and forward by the screw T engaging with
the screwed bosses S or with nuts in the said bosses. The automatic feeding of the
wheel M toward the spindle J is effected as follows. The shaft T is prolonged to
the front of the machine as shown its extreme outer end being provided with a hand
wheel & for adjusting or returning, the slide carriage and wheel. The outer end also
carries a ratchet wheel d with which engage two ratchet pawls e, e' pivotted to the
side of the slide bed A, so that the ratchet wheel d is locked and prevented from
turning except at the times when one or both of the pawls e e¹ is or are lifted out of
gear with the wheel d. On another intermediate part of the screw shaft T, beneath
the slide bei A we fix a second ratchet wheel f, and a forked or double lever g (shown
at Figs: 1 and 3 of the drawings) is pivotted on the shaft T and carries a pawl
With

page_text: I
which
with the ratchet wheel and so enables the lever 9 to act upon the
engages
ratchet wheel and consequently upon the screw shaft T. The object of the ratchet
wheel and pawl h is that as the grinding wheel M becomes worn with use, we can
advance the ratchet wheelf by one tooth or more so as to take up the wear of the
wheel without deranging the other parts of the mechanism. A rod i hanging from
the outer end of the lever y carries a weight or the said lever might be acted upon
by a spring so that the constant tendency of the lever g and ratchet pawl h is to turn
the screw shaft T in the direction of the arrow (Fig. 1) and to advance the slide and
grinding wheel toward the spindle being ground. In order to limit the fall of the
weight or the influence of the spring and consequently the advance of the grinding
wheel, we provide adjustable stops, which in the example consist of two set
screws k, situated at the front of the machine and at each end of a double rocking
lever fixed upon a shaft m. An abutment is fixed beneath the screws k. k¹ so that
as the lever turns in the indicated direction with the shaft m the lower end of the
screw comes in contact with the abutment and prevents further rotation of the
shaft m.
As the shaft m is connected by a lever o and link p to a projecting arm g¹
from the lever it will be evident that when the further rotation of the shaft m is
stopped by the screws k. k¹ the lever and weight are arrested in their downward
movement and are thus prevented from rotating the screw shaft T and advancing the
grinding wheel any further than the limit prescribed by the adjustment of the set
screws k. k. Other means of limiting the rise and fall of the lever g and weight,
might however be adopted; for example we might screw or otherwise secure adjustable
stops or nuts upon the rod i which supports the weight, which stops or nuts would
play between fixed brackets or abutments which would limit the ascent and descent
of the lever y and weight. We however prefer the arrangement shown in the drawing
as the set screws k k are easily accessible to the operator. The two ratchet pawls e, et
which are pivotted to the front of the slide bed A and which engage with the ratchet
wheel d are provided with counter balance tails as most clearly seen at Figs. 1 and 2
the weight of which tends to keep the pawls in contact with the ratchet wheel. Trip
catches depend loosely from the ends of the said tails, stops being formed on the
tails in such a position that the said trip catches will turn loosely on their pivots in
one direction, but not in the other. A bar S is arranged to slide in fixed brackets t
on the side of the slide bed A and stops u are fixed on the said sliding bar so as at
When the bar S slides in
times to come in contact with the pendant trip catches r.
one direction one of the trip catches is simply moved loosely round on its pivot,
while the other trip catch is pressed against the abutment or stop on one of the
counterbalance tails and raised by the inclined surface on one of the stops so as to
lift the end of the counterbalance tail and also the ratchet pawl thus allowing the
ratchet wheel d to escape and rotate to the extent of say half a tooth, whereby the
screw shaft T is correspondingly turned and the grinding wheel slide advanced
towards the spindle being ground. As this operation is performed at the end of each
traverse of the slide C, the grinding wheel M is advanced sufficiently to take a fresh
cut each time that the spindle J is passed across its periphery. The sliding of the
bar S. at the end of each traverse of the slide C is effected in the following manner.
Behind the slide bed A we place an upright shaft supported in suitable bearings and
furnished at the upper end with a bell crank lever was shown at Figs. 2 and 3. At
the lower end of the shaft is a lever a, connected by a spring y. to a fixed part of
the slide bed A. Upon an intermediate part of the shaft is another lever 1 which is
connected by a rod 2 with the belt fork lever 3. The said belt fork lever 3 is fixed
upon a shaft 4 which extends across and beneath the slide bed A. Upon that end of
the shaft 4 which projects in front of the slide bed A is fixed an upright lever 5 and
about midway in its length this lever 5 is connected by a stud 6 to a projection on
the sliding bar S so that when the shaft 4 is moved through part of a revolution the
lever 5 is correspondingly rocked and the sliding bar S is moved in one direction or
the other. The lever 5 is so formed as to receive a sliding prolongation 7 and on the
said sliding prolongation is a projection 8 the uses of which will be hereinafter
explained. Motion is at times given to the belt fork lever 3 and shaft 4, the said motion
2'
2:

page_text: being derived from the slide and communicated to the said parts by means of stops 9
and a bolted to the slide C, as shown most clearly at Fig. 2 of the drawings. When
the slide C is travelling in the direction indicated by the arrow (Fig. 2) the stop 9"
will at the end of the traverse come in contact with that arm of the bell crank lever w
which is shown standing at right angles to the direction of traverse of the slide Cand
in the path of the stop 9". When the said arm of the bell crank lever c is struck by
the stop and moved round with the shaft e, the lever is also moved round with
the result that as soon as the spring y is carried past the centre of the shaft v, the pull
of the said spring shoots the shaft and levers round to the required extent whereby
the belt fork shifts the driving strap from the pulley Y³ to the pulley Y and reverses
the traverse of the slide C. The change of position of the spring and lever æ is clearly
indicated by the dotted diagramatic lines in Fig. 2. At the end of this return traverse
of the slide the stop 9 encounters that arm of the bell crank lever to which has been turned
into the position formerly occupied by the other arm, and the return of the belt fork
and the reversal of the slide C is brought about in the manner already described. To
prevent the spring y from turning the shaft e through more than one quarter of a
revolution, we secure studs 10 on the rod 2 which studs come alternately in contact
with a finger or stud 11 fixed to the side of the slide bed A. The play of the rod 2 is
thus limited to the required extent. When the spindle J has been ground the required
number of times the machine is stopped automatically by the following arrangement of
mechanism. A bracket 12 fixed to the end of the slide bed A carries two levers 13
and 14, pivotted respectively at 13 and 14". The lever 13 is of the bell crank
description while the lever 14 is a double lever pivotted at or about the centre of its
length. The lever 13 carries at the end of its upwardly projecting arm a ratchet
pawl 23 which engages with a sliding toothed plate of ratchet rack 15. The said rack
slides in suitable bearings and a lug 16 projects from the rack through a slot in the
bracket 12. This lug 16 is connected by a helical spring 17 with a fixed part of the
slide bed A, the constant tendency of the spring 17 being to pull the rack 15 in the
direction of the arrow Figs. 1 and 2. The curved and inclined foot of the lower arm
of the bell crank lever 13 is acted upon by a projection 18 from the sliding bar S, shown
most clearly at Fig. 1. As the bar S is reciprocated backward and forward the
projection 18 alternately raises and lowers the said lower arm of the bell crank lever,
the lowering of the arm serving to advance the ratchet pawl 23 to the extent of say one
tooth on the ratchet rack 15 while the raising of the lever arm causes the pawl to
retire, pulling the rack back with it against the resistance of the spring 17. The
rack 15 is thus drawn back one tooth for each second traverse of the slide C. The
double lever 14 is connected at its lower end by means of a helical spring 19 to a fixed
part of the slide bed and at its upper end is pivotted a pawl 20 which we may term
à duplex pawl. The pawl 20 lies alongside of the rack 15 and is formed with a ratchet
tooth 21 which rests upon and engages with the sliding ratchet rack 15, so as to retain the
said rack against the pull of the spring 17 when the pawl 14 is moved forward to
engage with a fresh tooth as has been already described. Upon the pawl 20 we pivot
a latch 22 (shown also separately on sheet 1) which is formed with a shoulder, the
said shoulder lying opposite to a similar shoulder in the pawl 20. As shown in Fig. 1
the outer end of the latch 22 rests on the top of the ratchet tooth 21 projecting from
the pawl 20 and is supported thereby in the position shown in the drawing. As the
grinding of the spindle proceeds the rack 15 is drawn back by the pawl 23 tooth by
footh until the last cut has been taken by the grinding wheel M whereupon the rack
is pulled entirely from beneath the tooth 21. The pawl 20 being thus deprived of its
support drops, together with the latch, upon the projection 8 on the movable prolonga-
tion 7 of the upright lever 5. On the reversal of the machine the upright lever 5, in
swinging over with the belt fork encounters and is stopped by the fallen shoulder of
the pawl 20 which lies in the path of the projection 8. The pawl yields slightly to the
impact of the lever, the helical spring 19 being provided expressly to give this yielding
impact. The lever 5 is thus allowed for a moment to swing slightly past the
perpendicular so as to carry the belt fork a a little over the fast pulley Y¹ the object
being to transfer the driving strap completely and quickly to the central loose pulley Y².

page_text: Another advantage gained by this elastic yielding of the pawl to the blow of the
lever 5 is that the projection 8 on the said lever dwells sufficiently long in contact with
the shoulder on the pawl 20 to allow the latch 22 to drop and present its shoulder to
the other side of the projection 8 which is thus trapped and held between the
shoulder on the pawl 20 and the shoulder on the latch 22. Were it not for the elastic
yielding of the pawl 20 to the blow of the lever 5 the projection 8 would in many
instances rebound from the shoulder on the pawl 20 before the latch 22 had time to fall
and trap it as herein described. The lever 5 then resiles to an absolutely perpendicular
position and the slide ceases to reciprocate. The grinding wheel is then moved back
to the extent fixed by the position of the stop K by operating the hand wheel e on the
screw shaft T; the back rests K are also retracted and the ground spindle removed and
replaced by another. When a fresh spindle has been inserted and the machine is ready
to be re-started, the sliding prolongation 7 of the lever 5 is raised, lifting with it the
pawl 20 and latch 22. It will be observed that the pawl 23 has a projection 23ª which
overhangs the pawl 20. As the pawl 20 is lifted by the raising of the sliding prolon-
gation 7, it comes in contact with this overhanging projection and lifts the pawl 23 out
of gear with the ratchet rack 15 which is thereupon shot back by the spring 17 to the
position suitable for re-starting. In order to make this normal position of the rack 15
constant, we apply an adjusting screw 24 to the back of the rack. By setting this
screw to the required position the rack when shot back by the spring will always
occupy the same position and this position may if desired be altered by a re-adjustment
of the screw 24. The sliding prolongation 7 is now dropped to its normal position and
the machine being re-started proceeds to grind the fresh spindle which has just been
been inserted. It will be obvious that instead of the ratchet wheels and pawls herein-
before described, the well known substitutes of friction wheels and shoes might be
employed, although we prefer the ratchet wheels and pawls herein before described and
shown. In the example selected for illustration we have described the grinding
wheel M as being fed by the screw T towards the spindle by means of a ratchet wheel
and pawls. By increasing or diminishing the pitch of the teeth of the ratchet wheel
described the amount of feed at each movement may be correspondingly increased or
diminished or instead of feeding at the rate of half a tooth per advance as described,
we might increase the number of pawls and feed forward the wheel at the rate of a
lesser fractional part of a tooth per movement. The adjustable stops to limit the fall
of the weight are preferably so set that the last advance of the grinding wheel will be
less than the previous forward movements, the weight being arrested by the stop k¹,
for example when it has fallen to an extent equivalent to say only one fourth of a tooth
on the ratchet wheel or less, so as to make that application of the grinding wheel to
the spindle less severe than its predecessors, thereby increasing the truth and finish
of the spindle. In practice the last application or applications of the grinding wheel to
the spindle is not due to any actual advance of the grinding wheel, but is brought about
by the spring of the parts of the mechanism. The finishing cuts are therefore very
fine and light and spindles ground in this manner are truer, more accurate in gauge
and more finely finished than hitherto. Although we have described our improved
apparatus as applied to the grinding of tapered spindles it will readily be understood
that our invention is equally applicable to the grinding of spindles having parallel sides.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we claim is :-
(1) The general arrangement, construction and combination of machinery or
apparatus for automatically grinding and trueing spindles substantially as hereinbefore
described and shown.
(2) In spindle grinding and trueing apparatus of the indicated nature and con-
struction, the mechanism for automatically feeding the grinding wheel towards the
spindle to be ground and consisting of the ratchet wheel d fixed on the feed screw
shaft in combination with the lever and weight the said ratchet wheel being operated
and governed by two or more ratchet pawls in the manner, for the purposes and
substantially as hereinbefore described and shown or any mere modification thereof.

page_text: (3) The arrangement and combination of the weight j (or equivalent spring,) lever g,
ratchet wheel and pawl with the screw shaft T for re-adjusting the grinding wheel
when worn by use substantially as hereinbefore described and shown.
(4) The arrangement and combination of the lever g and weight (or equivalent
spring) with the adjustable stops k. and connecting parts for limiting the advance
and retraction of the grinding wheel, and for obtaining a lighter application or lighter
applications of the grinding wheel to the spindle at the end of the grinding operation,
substantially as described and shown.
(5) The construction and combination of apparatus for automatically stopping the
reciprocation of the slide when the grinding of the spindle is completed, arranged and
operating substantially in the manner hereinbefore described and illustrated on the
accompanying sheets of drawings.
DUTTON & FULTON,
1, St. James Square, Manchester,
Agents.