IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, DOUBLING COTTON OTHER FIBROUSSTAN
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Cresswell Brentnall, of Manchester, and
Robert Edge, of Halliwell, near Bolton, in the County of Lancaster,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING,
2
"
Sealed the 9th December 1864, and dated the 20th June 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Cresswell Brentnall
and Robert Edge at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 20th June 1864.
We, JOHN CRESSWELL BRENTNALL, of Manchester, and ROBERT EDGE, of
Halliwell, near Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING,
SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
The first part of our Invention is applicable to roving frames and to spin-
ning machines, and it consists in applying thereto a levelling roller or rollers
(top and bottom), which are placed a little behind and considerably higher
than the usual drawing rollers; there is a slight draft between the levelling
rollers and the back drawing roller, of from five to ten per cent., or more or
less, to take out or lessen the uneven or thick places which may be in the
rovings.
Another use to which this part of our Invention is applicable is to produce
in fly frames having two rows of spindles, exactly the same hank roving on

page_text: the front bobbins as on the back; the slubbing or roving which supplies the
back row of spindles is taken between the levelling rollers with such a
draft as may be requisite, and the slubbing or roving for the front bobbins is
brought over the bottom levelling roller (without a top roller and consequently
without draft) so that all the ends may be well seen, and single ends promptly
detected.
The second improvement consists of a small trough or conductor made of
brass or any other material, which is placed between the middle and front
rollers of any machinery used for drawing, roving, or spinning cotton or other
fibres; its uses are to conduct, confine, and straighten the loose fibres as they
pass through the rollers, thereby producing a more even, smooth, and better
thread or sliver than heretofore.
The third part of our Invention is applicable to the flyers of roving or other
frames of a similar kind, and it consists in making a spiral opening through
the socket from the eye of the flyer to the top, thereby reducing the labour
of the minder, who has only to pass the roving through the spiral opening
instead of passing it through the eye as usual.
The fourth part of our Invention is applicable to spinning and doubling
machines, and it consists in the application thereto of a balanced frame made
of glass or other suitable material; the upper part is round and hooked a
little, and in front near the middle is a bearing on which it is hung; near the
bottom is a small projection to which a tab of cloth or other material is
attached. This balanced frame is suspended a little behind the rollers,
which must have grooves in one or both of them, the object being to diminish
the waste usually made by roller laps in doubling or spinning, and to produce
a better yarn or thread. The yarn is taken round the hook of the balanced
frame, then between the rollers as usual, the yarn passing through one of the
grooves, by this means the yarn is smoothed and the drag of the yarn keeps
the balanced frame stationary, but if an end breaks the tab of pliable or other
material inserts itself between the bottom and the top rollers, thus stopping
the latter and preventing any further supply of yarn.
The fifth part of our Invention is applicable to mules for spinning, and it
consists in giving a slow rotary motion to the drawing rollers while the yarn
is being stretched and twisted at the head. By this means we prevent the
undue strain on the yarn at the rollers when stationary, as now customary;
the liability to break is also reduced, and the produce is increased.
The last part of our Invention consists of a differential motion applied to
the carriage of mules for spinning any counts, but particularly those of the
finer sorts. This part of our Invention is accomplished by means of a taper

page_text: scroll or other equivalent. The object is to increase the speed of the carriage
continuously from beginning to end of the stretch, so that the yarn may be
stretched more in accordance with its requirements and powers of endurance,
thus producing more even thread and fewer "snicks."
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Cresswell Brentnall and Robert Edge in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 19th December 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
CRESWELL BRENTNALL, of Manchester, and ROBERT EDGE, of Halliwell, near
Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said John Creswell Brentnall and Robert Edge, Her special license that we,
the said John Cresswell Brentnall and Robert Edge, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said John Cresswell Brentnall
and Robert Edge, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
John Cresswell Brentnall and Robert Edge, our executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of our or their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Creswell Brentnall and Robert
Edge, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement (that is to say):-
The first part of our Invention consists in applying a pair of rollers behind
the back drawing rollers of roving frames and spinning machines.

page_text: Secondly, in applying a small trough or conductor between the drawing
rollers of machines used in preparing and spinning.
Thirdly, in making a spiral groove or opening through the socket of flyers
for roving and other frames.
Fourthly, in applying a balanced guide to spinning and doubling machines
for stopping the supply when an end breaks, and in making grooves in the top
rollers of such machines.
Fifthly, in giving a slow rotary motion to the drawing rollers of mules for
spinning while the yarn is being stretched and twisted.
And, lastly, in giving a gradually increasing motion to the carriage of mules
while going out by a taper scroll and band.
And in order that our Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into operation, we will proceed to describe the accompanying Sheet of
Drawings, reference being had to the figures and letters marked thereon.
The first part of our Invention is represented in Fig. 1 as applied to a
roving frame, but it is also applicable to other machines for preparing and
spinning. a is a pair of levelling rollers, consisting of an ordinary fluted
bottom roller and a covered top roller. These rollers are placed a little behind
and considerably higher than the usual drawing rollers marked b. There is
a slight draft between the levelling rollers and the back drawing rollers of
5 to 10 per cent., or more or less, the effect of which is to take out or lessen
the uneven or thick places which may be in the rovings. Another use to which
this part of our Invention is applicable is to produce in fly frames having two
rows of spindles, exactly the same hank or thickness of roving on the front
-bobbins as on the back ones. It is well known to practical spinners that in
such frames there is generally a slight difference in the count of the hanks on
the two rows of bobbins, but by taking the slubbing or roving which supplies
the back row of spindles between the levelling rollers and allowing the slub-
bing or roving for the front bobbins to pass over the bottom levelling roller
(without a top roller, and consequently without draft), then the rovings on all
the bobbins will be equal in thickness. When the rollers are only required
for levelling the rovings from five to ten per cent. of draught may be given,
but much less draught is sufficient when they are applied for equalising the
thickness of roving on the two rows of bobbins. The application of these
rollers also enables all the ends to be well seen and single ends to be promptly
detected.
Figs. 2 and 3 illustrate our second improvement, which consists in applying
a small trough or conductor, made of brass or any other material, marked c,
between the drawing rollers of any machine used for drawing, roving, or spin-

page_text: ning cotton or other fibres. The object and effect of this conductor is to
conduct, confine, and straighten the loose fibres projecting from the slivers or
rovings as they pass through the drawing rollers, thereby producing a more
even, smooth, and better thread or sliver than heretofore.
The third part of our Invention is illustrated by Fig. 4, and it is applicable
to the flyers of roving or other frames of a similar kind. Our Invention con-
sists in making a spiral opening d through the socket from the eye of the
flyer to the top; the roving is passed through the spiral opening instead of
being threaded through the eye as usual, thereby reducing the labour of the
minder.
The fourth part of our Invention is illustrated by Fig. 5, which represents
part of an ordinary doubling frame, but it is also applicable to spinning
machines. Our Invention consists in the application of the balanced frame e;
the upper part is made of glass or other suitable material, and the lower part,
which is considerably heavier than the upper part, is made by preference of
cast iron; the upper part is round and hooked, and near the middle it vibrates
on a fulcrum ffixed to the cap bar g. Near the bottom of the swing frame e
is a small projection, to which a tab of cloth or other material is attached,
bearing on the bottom roller h. This balanced frame is suspended a little
behind the roller h and top roller i, which may have grooves in one or both of
them. The yarn after passing between the rollers h and i is taken round
the hook of the balanced frame e, and then it is wound by the flyers j on the
bobbins k as usual. The hook of the balanced frame may be shorter, so that
the yarn, in descending to the flyer, may impinge against the surface of the
top roller or pass through a groove in it; by this means the yarn is smoothed,
and the drag of the yarn keeps the balanced frame stationary; but if an end
breaks or a single end passes, the tab of pliable or other material, which had
before been held beyond the nip of the rollers h and i, inserts itself between
the bottom and the top rollers, thus lifting the latter and preventing waste by
the further supply of yarn.
The fifth part of our Invention is illustrated in Fig. 6, which represents
part of a mule for spinning to which our improvements are applied. Our
Invention consists in giving a slow rotary motion to the drawing rollers while
the yarn is being stretched and twisted at the head by the following com-
bination of machinery or in any other convenient manner:-1 is the upright
shaft by which the drawing rollers are driven; to the shaft is fixed the
bevel wheel m, gearing in the wheel n fixed on the horizontal shaft o, which,
by a bevel pinion and wheel, drives the coupling shaft of the front drawing
roller as usual; to the shaft o is fixed the spur wheel o', and to the shaft is

page_text: fixed the bevel pinion ', gearing into another pinion p fixed to the same shaft
as the spur pinion p¹. When the carringe is going out the wheel m is driving
the drawing rollers by the wheel n as usual; but when the carriage arrives
nearly out, or at any desired position, the shaft o drops to disengage the wheels
m and n, and to bring the wheel o¹ in gear with the pinion p', as shown by
dotted lines; the drawing rollers are then slowly driven, while the yarn is
being stretched and partly twisted, by the bevel pinions and p. As soon as
the stretching is complete the shaft o is raised to lift the wheel o¹ out of gear
with the pinion p¹, and the final twist at the head is then given; the shaft o
is raised and lowered in the ordinary manner. By this means the undue
strain on the yarn is prevented, the liability to break is reduced, and the
produce is increased.
The last part of our Invention is illustrated in Figs. 7 and 8, which represent
in elevation and plan part of a mule to which our improvements are applied.
r is a shaft forming part of the ordinary mule, to this shaft is fixed a change
pinion gearing into the wheels fixed with the two taper scrolls t and u on
a short shaft s¹; to the scroll t is fixed the end of the drawing-out band,
which, after passing around the pulley v, is secured to the carriage w; and to
the scroll u is fixed one end of the drawing-up band, the other end being also
fixed to the carriage. When the carriage is going out a gradually increasing
speed from the beginning to the end of the stretch is imparted to it by the
scroll t, and as the carriage goes in the band passing around it is wound on
the scroll u. By thus giving motion to the carriage the outward motion
thereof is more in accordance with the requirements and power of endurance
of the yarn, and thus producing more equal thread and fewer "snicks."
This part of our Invention is particularly beneficial in spinning fine
numbers.
Having thus stated the nature of our Invention, and described the manner
of performing the same, we declare that we claim,―
First, the application of an extra pair of rollers to the drawing rollers of
roving frames and spinning machines, in the manner and for the purposes
shown and described in reference to Fig. 1.
Secondly, the application of a small trough or conductor between the
drawing rollers of machines used in preparing and spinning, as shown and
described in reference to Figs. 2 and 3.
Thirdly, making the flyers of roving and other frames with a spiral groove
or opening through the socket, as shown and described in reference to
Fig. 4.
Fourthly, the application of the balanced guide, shown and described in

page_text: reference to Fig. 5, to doubling frames and spinning machines for raising the
top roller when an end breaks or a single end passes.
Fifthly, making the top rollers of doubling frames with a groove or grooves
for the purposes described.
Sixthly, imparting a slow rotary motion to the drawing rollers of mules
while the yarn is being stretched and twisted, as shown and described in
reference to Fig. 6, or by any other suitable combination of machinery.
And, lastly, the improved mode of applying scrolls for giving motion to the
carriage of mules, as shown and described in references to Figs. 7 and 8.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Cresswell Brentnall and Robert
Edge, have hereto set our hands and seals, this Fifteenth day of
December, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
JOHN CRESSWELL BRENTNALL. (L.S.)
ROBERT EDGE.
(LS.)
JOHN CRESSWELL BRENTNALL. (L.s.)
ROBERT EDGE.
(LS.)