Improvements in and relating to Apparatus for Burning Liquid Fuel in Steam Generators and the like.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 27th May, 1898
Complete Specification Left, 27th Feb., 1899-Accepted, 1st Apr., 1899
Improvements in and relating to Apparatus for Burning Liquid Fuel
in Steam Generators and the like.
I, JOHN JONATHAN KERMODE, of 14, Gertrude Road, Anfield, Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention relates apparatus for burning liquid fuel in steam generators
and the like, and has reference more particularly to that class of apparatus
described in the Specification to Letters Patent granted to me, numbered 11760
and dated June 18th 1894; and the objects of the present invention are to improve
the apparatus described in the said Specification in regard to the burner or
injector for injecting the liquid fuel and air, and in regard to the arrangement
of the air and oil pipes and the refractory material in the furnace.
Referring in the first instance to the burner or injector: -the construction
broadly resembles that of an injector of the Gifford type, that is to say, there is a
central nozzle controlled by a valve and an annular nozzle, the amount of opening
of the latter being controlled by the movement of the former. The spindle of the
valve controlling the central nozzle is prolonged in the form of a metallic strip
which is helically twisted; this strip extends from the valve at the inlet end of the
central passage up to or beyond the nozzle. The gland, which also forms the nut
for the screwed part of the valve spindle is so arranged that it can be very easily
detached, thus leaving the valve spindle free, and the helical prolongation is so
shaped that when it is given a reciprocating and rotary movement it scrapes and
so cleans out the central passage and nozzle. The annular passage is provided with
internally projecting helical wings of opposite hand to the helical strip, so that the
fluids passing through the respective passages are given whirling motions in
opposite directions.
Usually I connect the annular passage to a supply of air under pressure and
I connect the central passage to the oil supply, so that as the jet of oil or oil vapour
issues from the central nozzle, it meets the air issuing from the annular nozzle,
with the result that the oil or vapour is effectually sprayed and mixed with the air.
In some cases I use a jet of steam, which by preference is superheated, and which
may be combined with the air or with the oil or with each of them; and in the
case of an oil requiring a large proportion of air for its complete combustion. I
provide a casing outside the burner proper but so arranged in respect thereto that
a second current of air is induced, the amount of which is varied by alteration of
the inlet area by any suitable means.
When a second air current is employed the oil may be supplied to the annular
nozzle and the inducing air or air and steam may be supplied to the central nozzle
and the outside casing so that the oil jet is as it were enclosed by the two jets of
air or air and steam.
The arrangement within the furnace is as follows:-
The air trunk is carried round the two sides and the bridge end of the furnace,

page_text: and the oil pipe is led parallel to and above the air trunk; the oil and air passing
respectively through these trunks on their way to the burner.
The absorbent refractory material adapted to be incandesced is carried on trans-
verse fire-bars supported from the sides of the furnace, and the burner is so carried
from the furnace front as to direct the issuing flame on to the said refractory
material.
SLOAN & LLOYD BARNES,
Castle Chambers, 26, Castle Street, Liverpool,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in and relating to Apparatus for Burning Liquid Fuel
in Steam Generators and the like.
I, JOHN JONATHAN KERMODE, of 14, Gertrude Road, Anfield, Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to apparatus for burning liquid fuel in steam generators
and the like, and has reference more particularly to that class of apparatus
described in the Specification to Letters Patent granted to me, numbered 11760
and dated June 18th 1894; and the objects of the present invention are to improve
the apparatus described in the said Specification in regard to the burner or
injector for injecting the liquid fuel and air, and in regard to the arrangement
of the air and oil pipes and the refractory material in the furnace.
I have illustrated my invention in the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. I
is a sectional elevation of the general arrangement, the furnace being shown in
section on the line A, A, of Fig. II; Fig. II an end elevation: Fig. III a plan, the
furnace and front plate being in section; and Fig. IV a section on the line B. B,
of Fig. I. The details of the burner are shown in Figs. V, VI, VII, and VIII,
which are respectively, a longitudinal section, and transverse sections on the
lines C, C, D, D, and E, E, of Fig. V.
Throughout the drawings the same parts are indicated by the same reference
figures, and in the case of sections, the direction in which they are. viewed is
indicated by the small arrows placed adjacent to the letters denoting the plane of
section.
Referring first to Figs. I to IV: -the furnace 1 is provided with the usual
bridge 2 and dead plate 3 to carry the fire bars, and is further provided with an
air heating trunk 4, carried round three sides of the furnace as shown in Fig. III.
Air is forced under pressure into the trunk 4 by the pipe 5. and after having been
heated in its passage round the furnace, is led by the pipe 6 to the burner 7, where
it mixes with and vapourises the oil supplied to the burner by the pipe 8, and the
resulting flame is directed on to a mass of refractory material 9, such as asbestos,
which is thereby heated to incandescence.
4
The oil may be vapourised before it is supplied to the burner by being passed
through a vapourising pipe 10 placed within the furnace, in which case the valve 81 4
is opened to connect the pipe 8 to the pipe 10', the valve 11 is closed, and the
right-angled two-way cock 12 is turned so as to connect the pipe 10" to the pipe 13
which leads to the burner 7: or the oil may pass direct to the burner 7, in which
case the valve 81 is closed, the valve 11 is opened, and the cock 12 is turned to
connect the pipe 8 to the pipe 13 and so to the burner.

page_text: Referring now to the construction of the burner, 14 is the central passage or
nozzle controlled by the valve 15, and 16 is the annular passage or nozzle the
amount of opening of the latter being controlled by the movement of the former
effected by the pinion and hand-wheel shown.
The spindle of the valve 15 is prolonged in the form of a metallic strip 17 which
is helically twisted as shown. The gland 18 of the valve 15 is so arranged that it
can be easily detached thus leaving the valve spindle free; the twisted strip can
then be given a reciprocating and rotary movement to scrape and clean out the
central passage when required.
The annular passage is provided with internally projecting helical wings 26 of
opposite hand to the helical strip, so that the fluids passing through the respective
passages are given whirling motions in opposite directions.
The inlet 19 to the central passage is connected to the oil supply pipe 13 and
the inlet 20 to the annular passage is connected to the air supply pipe 6.
The burner is carried by flanges from a supporting plate 21 which is secured
to the furnace front plate 22, and which also carries the oil vaporising pipe and its
connections.
The action is as follows:-
The oil is supplied to the central passage either directly from the pipe 8, or
through the oil vaporising pipe 10 as described, and as it issues it meets the air
issuing from the annular nozzle with the result that the oil or vapour is effectually
sprayed and mixed with the air, and the resulting flame directed on to the refrac-
tory material 9. The latter may be carried on transverse bars supported by the
air trunk 4 or by the sides of the furnace, or it may be carried on ordinary fire
bars 23 as shown in the drawings.
In some cases I use a jet of steam which is preferably superheated and which
may be combined with the air, or with the oil, or with each of them; and in the
case of an oil requiring a large proportion of air for its complete combustion, I pro-
vide a casing 24 by means of which a second current of air is induced, the amount
of which may be varied by any suitable means.
When the second air current is employed the oil may be supplied to the annular
passage instead of to the central passage and the air or air and steam supplied to
the latter passage, so that the oil jet is as it were enclosed between the two jets.
The casing 24 serves to protect the front plate 22 from the intense heat; air
may also be supplied if necessary below the fire bars through the ash pit door 25.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
claim is:-
1. In apparatus for burning liquid fuel in steam generators and the like:-in
combination with a hot air trunk, an oil vaporising pipe, and a mass of refractory
material; a burner having an annular passage provided with helical deflectors
and to which hot air is supplied, and a central passage to which
the oil is supplied, the spindle of the valve controlling the said central
passage having a helical prolongation consisting of a twisted strip adapted, in
conjunction with the helical deflectors, to give the oil and air as they pass through
the burner whirling motions in opposite directions, and also adapted to scrape and
clean the central passage; substantially as described and illustrated.
2. In apparatus for burning liquid fuel in steam generators and the like, in
combination; the hot air trunk, the oil vaporising pipe; the mass of refractory
material, the burner connected with the said trunk and pipe, and the casing by
means of which a second air current is induced; substantially as described and
illustrated.
3. In apparatus for burning liquid fuel in steam generators and the like, in
combination with the air trunk. the oil-pipe, and the refractory material; the
burner, substantially as described and illustrated in Figs. V to VIII.
4. In apparatus for burning liquid fuel, a burner having a central passage con-

page_text: trolled by a valve, and an annular passage terminating in an annular nozzle the area of
which is regulated by the movement of the tube forming the central passage, the
annular passage having helical deflectors, and the valve controlling the central passage
having a helical prolongation consisting of a twisted strip and being provided with
a combined gland and nut adapted to be easily removed; substantially as described
and illustrated.
5. The combination and arrangement of parts forming the improved apparatus
for burning liquid fuel in steam generators and the like; substantially as described
and illustrated in the drawings.
Dated this 95th low of Who 1800
SLOAN & LLOYD BARNES,
Chartered Patent Agents, 34, Castle Street, Liverpool.