Improvements relating to Engine Govenors.
Year: 1899

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to Engine Govenors.
We, JOSEPH MITCHELL MCLEAN, of 69, New North Road, Huddersfield, in the
County of York, Engineer, and ALFRED SYKES, of Springwood Street, Huddersfield,
aforesaid, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to governors for motors and more especially for high
speed steam engines, and has for its object to provide a governor simple in
design and effective in operation and in which there shall be a minimum of
friction and in which the operation shall be sensitive and isochronous.
The invention consists or a rotating guide casing which is fixed to a rotating
shaft driven directly or otherwise by the motor to be governed and in sucn
guide casing sliding weights are provided which are permitted to slide out
radially when rotating and being under the control of springs fixed to the
casing or slung between the weights, a spring being slung on opposite sides
of the weights, the movement of the weights allowing the controlling gear to
be moved by releasing or forcing back bell crank levers mounted within the
rotating casing which are pressed against the weights through the medium of
a spring.
The invention further consists of means for operating the controlling gear
in' cases where considerable force is necessary to effect operation. In such a
case a piston is employed within a cylinder and is subjected to fluid pressure,
the fluid being supplied under pressure or by means of a pump and being
admitted or emitted from the cylinder upon the operation of a valve regulated
by means of the governor, a spring operating to effect the return of the piston
on the release of pressure by the operation of the governor due to too great a
speed of the motor.
In carrying the invention into effect in its application to a high speed engine
we secure to the extremity of the engine shaft a rotating guide casing within
which sliding weights are mounted so as to be capable of sliding out radially,
the outward movement of such sliding weights being determined by means of
stops or a peripheral wall. The outward movement is effected against the action
of springs tending to maintain the sliding weights in their innermost position
near to the centre of rotation. Each of the sliding weights is provided with
an outwardly projecting arm of light section at the extremities of which pins
are provided from which the springs are slung from weight to weight. The
rotating weights aforesaid, which are preferably two in number, are oppositely
disposed and are each preferably provided with a central recess through which
transversely passes a pin.
Upon this pin a bearing block is mounted which is embraced by means of

page_text: one extremity of a bell crank lever mounted within the rotating casing, the
opposite extremities of such bell crank levers engage one with the other, the
one being preferably embraced by means of a forked extremity of the other
while one extremity makes contact with the extremity of a rod centrally disposed
within the central boss of the rotating casing which may be further carried by
means of a bracket fixed to the engine frame, such rod imparting motion to
the controlling gear or valve in any suitable manner. Upon increase of the
speed of rotation of the engine shaft the weights separate and the engaging
extremities of the bell crank levers are pushed inwards by the rod which is
moved inwards by the action of a spring and thereby a decrease in the quantity
of steam employed is effected.
In the employment of a governor as herein before described it will be under-
stood that inasmuch as the joint to which the springs are attached does not
rotate in its bearing there is a minimum of friction while inasmuch as the
centrifugal force does not act through the bell crank levers there is no appreci-
able friction upon the pins which carry them. Also the tangential accelerating
force produced when the speed of rotation alters, acts directly between the weights
and the guide casing and consequently the friction due to this cause is a
minimum. The governor may also be made as isochronous as desired by fixing
the spring suspension pins at a suitable position further from the axis than
the centre of gravity of weights.
The invention is not limited to any particular means of securing the rotating
casing to the extremity of the shaft, nor is it limited in its application to
horizontal shafts, or to being worked horizontally through gearing, nor yet to
the particular means of mounting the springs employed.
In carrying the invention into effect in the provision of means for operating
the controlling gear when considerable force is necessary to effect operation
we provide a cylinder casing within which slides a piston, such piston communi-
cating motion directly or indirectly to the controlling gear employed. Trans-
versely to the cylinder a valve passage is provided communicating with the
cylinder by means of a port which is covered or uncovered to admit or emit
fluid to or from the cylinder, such valve being regulated by means of the
governor. Such passage communicates with an inlet for the oil or other fluid
at one end and the other with the outlet for the oil on its passage out from
the cylinder. Oil or any other inelastic fluid may be employed, and is forced
into the cylinder on the lower edge of the port being uncovered thereby effecting
the forward movement of the piston which has the ultimate effect of allowing
admission of a greater quantity of steam in the case of a steam engine. On
increase in the speed of rotation the fluid is emitted from the cylinder by the
valve being regulated by the governor and uncovering the port thus allowing
the piston to return under the action of a spring with the ultimate effect of
decreasing the quantity of steam employed. An annular space is provided in
the casing surrounding the valve and in communication with the port connecting
the cylinder and the valve passage; and a cock is fitted to the cylinder casing
in communication therewith so that on the opening of the cock the oil or other
fluid may be caused to pass out from the cylinder, thereby effecting the stopping
of the engine. By such means a simple light and compact mechanism is provided
for working the governing gear and by making it powerful enough and with
sufficiently large ports and passages it may be made as isochronous as required.
Hunting may be prevented by the insertion of a detent in some part of the
gear acting on the valve employed to admit and emit fluid to and from the
cylinder. This arrangement forms a safeguard when an oil pump for lubricating
purposes is used since whenever the pressure of the oil falls very low the
governor closes and prevents accident from overheating of bearings from want
of oil. The oil emitted from the oil cylinder may be supplied to the rotating
casing of the governor.
The invention is not limited to the combination of mechanism herein before

page_text: described for it is obvious that either may be employed independently of the
other and for some services both may be employed.
Dated this 3rd day of March 1899.
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, and 25, Cross Street, Manchester,
Agents.
We, JOSEPH MITCHELL MCLEAN, of 69, New North Road, Huddersfield, in the
County of York, Engineer, and ALFRED SYKES, of Springwood Street, Huddersfield,
aforesaid, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
Our invention relates to governors for motors and more especially for high
speed steam engines, and has for its object to provide a governor simple in
design and effective in operation and in which there shall be a minimum of
friction and in which the operation shall be sensitive and isochronous.
The invention consists of a rotating guide casing which is fixed to a rotating
shaft driven directly or otherwise by the motor to be governed and in such
guide casing sliding weights are provided which are permitted to slide out
radially when rotating and being under the control of springs fixed to the
casing or slung between the weights, a spring being slung on opposite sides
of the weights, the movement of the weights allowing the controlling gear to
be moved by releasing or forcing back bell crank levers mounted within the
rotating casing which are pressed against the weights through the medium of
a spring.
The invention further consists of means for operating the controlling gear
in cases where considerable force is necessary to effect operation. In such a
case a piston is employed within a cylinder and is subjected to fluid pressure,
the fluid being supplied under pressure or by means of a pump and being
admitted or emitted from the cylinder upon the operation of a valve regulated
by means of the governor, a spring operating to effect the return of the piston
on the release of pressure by the operation of the governor due to too great a
speed of the motor.
In the accompanying sheet of explanatory drawings
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of our improved combination governor and
regulator.
Figure 2 is an enlarged sectional elevation in detail of our improved rotating
guide and sliding weights within it.
In carrying the invention into effect in its application to a high speed engine
we secure to the extremity of the engine shaft A a rotating guide casing B
within which sliding weights C C₁ are mounted so as to be capable of sliding
out radially, the extent of the movement of such sliding weights being deter-
mined by means of stops D D' D2 or a peripheral wall. The outward movement
is effected against the action of springs E tending to maintain the sliding
weights C C in their innermost position near to the centre of rotation. Each of
the sliding weights is provided with an outwardly projecting arm F F¹ of light
section at the extremities of which pins are provided from which the springs

page_text: are slung from weight to weight as shown in Figure 2. The rotating weights CC
which are preferably two in number are oppositely disposed and are each
preferably provided with a central recess through which transversely passes
a pin G.
Upon this pin a bearing block H is mounted which is embraced by means
of one extremity of a bell crank lever K mounted within the rotating casing,
the opposite extremities of such bell crank levers engage one with the other,
the one being preferably embraced by means of forked extremity of the other
while one extremity makes contact with the extremity of a rod L centrally
disposed within the central boss of the rotating casing which may be further
carried by means of a bracket M fixed to the engine frame, such rod imparting
motion to the controlling gear or valve in any suitable manner. Upon increase
of the speed of rotation of the engine shaft the weights separate and the engaging
extremities of the bell crank levers K are pushed inwards by the rod which is
moved inwards by the action of a spring N and lever O and thereby a decrease
in the quantity of steam employed is effected.
In the employment of a governor as herein before described it will be under-
stood that inasmuch as the joint to which the springs are attached does not
rotate in its bearing there is a minimum of friction while inasmuch as the
centrifugal force does not act through the bell crank levers there is no appreci-
able friction upon the pins which carry them. Also the tangential accelerating
force produced when the speed of rotation alters, acts directly between the weights
and the guide casing and consequently the friction due to this cause is
minimum. The governor may also be made as isochronous as desired by fixing
the spring suspension pins at a suitable position further from the axis than
the centre of gravity of the weights.
Я
The invention is not limited to any particular means of securing the rotating
casing to the extremity of the shaft, nor is it limited in its application to
horizontal shafts, or to being worked horizontally through gearing, nor yet to
the particular means of mounting the springs employed.
In carrying the invention into effect in the provision of means for operating
the controlling gear when considerable force is necessary to effect operation we
provide a cylinder casing P within which slides a piston K, such piston communi-
cating motion directly or indirectly to the controlling gear employed. Trans-
versely to the cylinder a valve passage S is provided communicating with the
cylinder by means of a port T which is covered or uncovered to admit or emit
fluid to or from the cylinder by a valve U, such valve U being regulated by
means of the governor rod V. Such passage communicates with an inlet W
for the oil or other fluid at one end and the other with the outlet for the oil
on its passage out from the cylinder. Oil or any other inelastic fluid may be
employed, and is forced into the cylinder on the lower edge of the port being
uncovered thereby effecting the forward movement of the piston which has the
ultimate effect of allowing admission of a greater quantity of steam in the case
of a steam engine. On increase of the speed of rotation the fluid is emitted
from the cylinder by the valve being regulated by the governor and uncovering
the port thus allowing the piston to return under the action of a spring Z with
the ultimate effect of decreasing the quantity of steam employed. In communi-
cation with the port connecting the cylinder and the valve passage a cock is
fitted to the cylinder casing so that on the opening of the cock the oil or other
fluid may be caused to pass out from the cylinder, thereby effecting the stopping
of the engine. By such means a simple, light and compact mechanism is provided
for working the governing gear and by making it powerful enough and with
sufficiently large ports and passages it may be made as isochronous as required.
Hunting may be prevented by the insertion of a detent in some part of the gear
acting on the valve employed to admit and emit fluid to and from the cylinder.
This arrangement forms a safeguard when an oil pump for lubricating purposes
is used since whenever the pressure of the oil falls very low the governor closes

page_text: and prevents accident from overheating of bearings from want of oil. The oil
emitted from the oil cylinder may be supplied to the rotating casing of the
governor.
The invention is not limited to the combination of mechanism hereinbefore
described for it is obvious that either may be employed independently of the
other and for some services both may be employed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
1. The improved governor for regulating the speed of a motor or engine,
consisting of radially disposed centrifugally sliding weights working within
a casing and transmitting motion by means of pivoted levers to a rod which
actuates, against the operation of a spring, the valve gear or ordinary cutting
off device of the engine or motor, substantially as herein before described and
as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
2. In a governor for use in connection with motors and engines, the combina-
tion and arrangement of a cylinder and operating piston actuated by fluid
pressure, which is controlled in its ingress and egress from the cylinder by
valve connected to the operating rod or lever of the governor, substantially as
hereinbefore described and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 4th day of December 1899
&
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, and 25, Cross Street, Manchester,
Agents.