Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application. 24th Sept., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 13th June. 1896-Accepted, 15th Aug., 1896
THOMAS BROWN Plumber and Gasfitter 91 Stanhope Street Newcastle-on-
Tyne Northumberland do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
ollows:
My invention has for its object to heat water for domestic purposes without the
danger of an explosion, in frosty weather, when the supply and exhaust pipes
become frozen up. In order that my invention may be properly understood, I
have hereunto appended a sheet of drawing showing my improvements as applied
to an ordinary kitchen boiler. The water which is used does not come directly
from the boiler but simply passes through, the exhaust has no water in it and cannot
freeze up it can easily be seen when the boiler is not full, and if not full it can be
filled up by any person by the small cistern which is provided for that purpose.
A is an ordinary back boiler which is supplied by a small cistern placed on the
san e level as the boiler marked C. His the pipe to feed the boiler, and L L shows
the water line in A and C. E is the exhaust or safety pipe which can be
carried out just above the top of the boiler or can be brought back into the small
cistern, this pipe does not need to be carried above the level of the cold cistern at
the top of the house as at present, as the water never rises into it, so that it is
always open ready for steam should the water boil. N is an overflow pipe from
small cistern which will also act as an over flow from the boiler and prevent the
D is the arrangement
water from rising in pipe E should any leakage occur in D.
for heating the water for domestic purposes which is made of cast iron, or any
other suitable material, and can be applied to any ordinary boiler as they can be
screwed in one or two at once according to the size of the boiler and connected in
the centre with couplings as shown in the drawings. B is the circulating tank,
with which to store a supply of hot water. G is the supply pipe to feed radiator D.
with cold water and passes through among the hot water in A and becomes
heated and flows into tank again by pipe F this keeps circulating continually
while the fire is on and fills the tank with hot water should all the pipes in
connection with the tank be frozen the boiler is still perfectly safe and the fire
need not be extinguished, which is often the case with the present system, and
should a thaw take place suddenly and the cold water rush in it will be seen that
it cannot cause an explosion as the water could not come in contact with the hot
boiler, but simply make its way through D and pass into the tank by the pipe F.
there is no safety valves to rely upon, but an open pipe which is much better.
M is the feed pipe from the large cistern at the top of the house K is the supply of
hot water to bath, sinks &c. J is an indicator which is worked by the ball tap
in C which shows when the water is low in the boiler, should the pipe be frozen
the lid can be removed and water put in which will enable the fire being kept on
for cooking purposes.
"
Having now particularly explained the nature of my said invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :—
The general arrangement and combination of the parts for heating water for
domestic purposes herein described on the accompanying drawing.
Dated this 21st day of September 1895.

page_text: A Non-explosive Kitchen Boiler.
I, THOMAS BROWN of 91 Stanhope Street in the City of Newcastle-on-
Tyne, Northumberland, Plumber do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention has for its object to heat water for domestic purposes, without
danger of the boiler exploding in frosty weather such as frequently occurs through
the pipes being frozen up. In order that my invention may be properly understood
I have filed with my. Provisional Specification a sheet of drawing showing toy
improvements as applied to an ordinary kitchen boiler.
In carrying my invention into practice I provide an ordinary boiler A also
circulating tank B. from which the cold water is fed by pipe G. into radiator D.
which is suspended among the hot water in boiler A. and as it heats circulates
through pipe F. back into tank B. and by this means a good supply of hot water
is secured, without using, the water directly from the boiler A. C. is an
independent small cistern which is placed near the fire on a level with boiler A. to
supply the same with water. L. L. shews the water line, and N. is the overflow
from cistern which will also act as an overflow from boiler A. should any leakage
take place in D. which would find its level through pipe H. and prevent water
rising in exhaust pipe E. and freezing which is the chief cause of exploding the
boilers at present, this pipe E. can be carried out just above the boiler level, or
can be left open in the chimney if desired, there is no need for safety valves, as
this pipe is always open for steam, and free from water; should all the pipes be
frozen up the boiler A. is still perfectly safe, also should a thaw take place
suddenly, and a sudden rush of cold water make to the boiler it is still safe as it
does not touch the boiler but simply passes through the radiator D. which is not
in contact with the fire. I also provide an indicator J. to small cistern which will
be worked by the ball tap, and show by the tablet marked Full or Empty, and
should this supply be frozen also, the lid can be removed and water filled by
hand, which will enable the fire to be kept on for cooking purposes with safety.
This will be a great advantage as people suffer almost more for want of fire than
the hot water.
The radiator D. can be made any size to fit into existing boilers, the one shewn
in drawing is made of cast iron, but they can be made of any material such as
copper brass &c., it is also provided with couplings in centre to finish screwing
them together each one is screwed together by means of nipples and the top and
bottom is formed of elbows and tee pieces.
Although I have, for the sake of clearness, described a specific form of
apparatus in its detail, I would have it understood that my invention does not
in itself consist in any detail, such as I have specified, and in order to make
clear the nature of my invention, I will now describe it without reference to
drawings.
Kitchen boilers, as it is well understood, consist of two forms of boiler-one,
technically called the open-topped boiler, is supplied from a cistern in which the
water is on the same level, as the water in the boiler itself. The top of this boiler
may be entirely open or covered by a loose lid with syphon-pipe for the escape of
steam. The water therefore boils in such a boiler at a temperature of 212° in
ordinary atmospheric conditions, and there is no possibility of increasing this
temperature, or producing any pressure. The other form of kitchen boiler, called
the high pressure boiler, is ted from a cistern at a higher level than the boiler
itself, and there are usually taken from it circulating pipes or bath and lavatory
pipes for the conveyance of hot water to any desired situation below the level of

page_text: the supply cistern, and there is, as a matter of safety, an escape pipe carried to a
level above the level of the supply cistern through which, in emergency, water or
steam can escape into the open air. It is common to fit such high-pressure boilers
with relief or safety valves of various constructions.
If in a high pressure boiler the relief or safety valve sticks or becomes inoperative,
the escape pipe, in ordinary circumstances prevents any dangerous accumulation of
pressure, but, during frosty weather, it sometimes happens that the water in the
upper part of this escape pipe becomes frozen, and no automatic relief for increasing
pressure exists, until the point of destruction of the boiler is attained. Hence
many disastrous explosions, but hence, also, an extremely great measure of dis-
comfort in many households arising from unwillingness to use the kitchen fire, from
fear only of such disaster.
The object of my invention is to combine the safety of the open-topped boiler
with the convenience of the high-pressure boiler.
It is not possible, as I have said, to heat water in an open vessel, to a temperature
exceeding 212°; and it is not possible, in a close vessel, to produce pressure of
steam exceeding atmospheric pressure at a temperature of 2120. I therefore, by
my invention use au open-topped boiler to receive the heat of the kitchen fire,
and I use the water, so heated in that boiler, to impart to a coil of pipe or any
equivalent device the limited degree of heat which it is capable of imparting.
The coil of pipe or equivalent device replaces in my invention the entire
arrangements of a high-pressure boiler, excepting that I consider it unnecessary
to fit relief or safety valves or escape pipe, because there is no possibility of
producing a pressure in the apparatus which in my invention replaces the high-
pressure boiler, beyond the pressure due to a temperature of 212°. The expansion
of water by heat in an absolutely close non-expansive vessel or apparatus would
of course produce pressure, but the pressure so by possibility arising in a range of
pipes is an entirely neglegible quantity.
Should it be desired, in any special circumstances to produce a slightly higher
temperature and pressure in the part of the apparatus which I have described as
the high-pressure boiler part, I may raise the temperature a few degrees by the
use of a solution of salt and water, in the open topped boiler, or a solution of
chloride of calcium or any other convenient medium. But in ordinary circumstances
I prefer plain water.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed 1 declare that what I
claim is :-
The construction of kitchen boiler and hot-water pipes so fitted together as that
a limited degree of heat only can be imparted to the hot-water pipes substantially
as described.
ני.
TL
T 1000
THOMAS BROWN.