IMPROVEMENTS IN. MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DYEING AND. BLEACHING OF YARNS OR THREADS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Longin Gantert at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd December 1854.
2.
I, LONGIN GANTERT, Dyer, 38, Glasfort Street,, Glasgow, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN. MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR DYEING AND. BLEACHING OF YARNS OR THREADS " to be as follows::
.
1. In a number of improvements on the tramping and, squeezing machine
for yarn and cloth, invented by me and registered the Twenty-eight day of
June 1851.
2. In a washing machine for yarn, by which the yarn travels or runs through
the apparatus. from one end to the other during the washing, and is clean by
one passage; whilst the water gos the contrary way. By this machine the
yarn is hanged upon a kind of small rollers or reels, which are successively
placed upon a frame put over a long water cistern, in which the water is

page_text: continually renewed. The yarn hangs partly in the water. This frame is
moveable, horizontal in the direction of the length of the cistern, and maks a
motion to and fro by mean of a crank put in motion by mechanical power,
and consequently the yarn on the rollers upon the frame is rinsed and washed
on the parts being in the water. By an arrangement on the apparatus this
rollers maks further the motion of rolling from one end of the frame against
the other in the direction of the length of the cistern, in. the contrary of the
water stream, and by this manner every part of the yarn plunges in the water,
is washed, and arriving at the opposit end is clean.
3. In a mechanical dye boiler for yarn, heated by steam, by which the yarn
is moved continually by mechanical power during dyeing.
The principle of this machine consist to hang the yarn upon a number of
sticks, poles, or small rollers, which are afterwards placed horizontal on both
ends, circular on a kind of wheels or round plates, fastened in a suitable dis-
tance on the same axel, and to give this apparatus a rotary motion after it is
placed in a dye boiler of a suitable form. By a further arrangement I effect
that the sticks are moved round itself.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Longin Gantert in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
1st June 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, LONGIN
GANTERT, 38, Glassford Street, Glasgow, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters-
Patent, bearing date the Second day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Longin Gantert, Her special licence that I, the said Longin
Gantert, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
-1, the said Longin-Gantert, my executors, administrators; and assigns;
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein, expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DYEING AND BLEACHING
OF YARNS OR THREADS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
a

page_text: Longin Gantert, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Longin Gantert, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This Invention consists, firstly, in a number of improvements on the yarn
tramping and squeezing machine invented by me.
Secondly, in a yarn-washing machine, through which the yarn travels or runs
from one end to the other during the washing, and is clean by one passage,
whilst the water flows the contrary way.
Thirdly, in a mechanical dye boiler for yarns, heated by steam, without
condensation in the dye bath, or fire, or by both at the same time, and by which
is moved continually by mechanical power during dyeing.
the
yarn
I have invented the tramping and squeezing machine for yarn and threads
for the purpose to save the hand-work, by passing the yarn in the different
liquors or mordants, and principally the oil liquors of the Turkey red dyers,
and for squeezing of washed yarns and threads.
Fig. 1 is a front elevation, Fig. 2 a plan of the machine, furnished with all
the improvements. In the first instance the machine consisted, of a vessel like
a barrel, of which top and bottom are cut out, but so that only a border of a
foot in hight remains. This vessel or drum, provided outside with a circle of
teeth, lies horizontal upon two pulleys, and receives a rotary motion by a small
spur wheel fastened on the same shaft of one of them. In the frame which
bears the pulleys and encloses the drum is placed a tramper (L, see the
Drawing), to which is given, by means of a rotating cranked axle, a movement
up and downwards, so that it may descend to near the lowest part of the inside
of the drum; and further, a squeezing roller is applied, which is almost as long
as to occupy the whole length between both the borders of the drum; it is
placed higher then the tramper, and is pressed against the drum by joined
levers. In using this machine liquor is first filled in the drum, nearly as much
as possible, and led to it by a pipe and cock continually during the working as
much as will be absorbed by the yarn. The drum is put in slow rotary motion,
the tramper in a much quicker one, and a worker is laying in the drum hank
after hank, easily formed up so that it remains in good order; each hank is
laid in so that it touches both borders of the drum, and is put close together,

page_text: that it forms one even layer, and it is put on the place that it is brought soon
in the liquor and under the action of the tramper by the motion of the
drum; it is now stamped under the tramper sufficiently, and thereby wetted;
afterwards it is squeezed under the squeezing roller, which is caused to revolve
in contact with the yarn and drum. By means of prongs I tried at first to
remove the yarn from the machine, but I did not succeed. By use of the
machine formerly, many inconveniences and imperfections were discovered; but
I have removed them all by improvements. These improvements consist;-
1. Of an apparatus for squeezing the yarn equally, so that in every part of
the hanks the same quantity of liquor remains. Formerly, by using only one
squeezing roller occupying the whole length of the drum B, it was almost
impossible to give an equal pressure to every part of a hank, because commonly
on one side of the drum or on the other the yarn was more accumulated; how-
ever carefully the worker might lay it in, and consequently there remained in
these parts more or less liquor than in the other parts of the hank: I overcame
this error by 'shortening the squeezing roller, and putting on very loosely on
both sides of it a number. of heavy short rollers of the same diameter, which
squeeze by there own weight. These short rollers are made of metal, so as to
perform the necessary pressure, and are provided with a larger hole in the
centre than the diameter of the axis of the long squeezing roller, and may
consequently rise or descend higher or lower than the latter. Fig. 3 will serve
to explain it; or I fit only two short rollers on, just now mentioned, on each
side of a longer one, and give the pressure to the same by connected levers.
Fig. 4 represents this arrangement detached from another side than it is shewn'
in Fig. 1. Upon the rollers c', c', lies a kind of waggon, consisting of two
axles with small wheels c². These axles are joined in the middle by brasses,
so that each of the small wheels may rise or descend, just as e ascends or
descends. In the side view of this brasses, Fig. 5, the way I do it is shewn!
In the middle upon the short joining shaft c³ presses the lever c, which is
resting in the frame A' at c', and in communication by a connecting rod with
the long lever E, put on the back of the frame, and shewn in Fig. 1, partly
by dotted lines. This lever may be charged by weight, as required. The
described arrangement is guided by the-parts A-of-the-frame.
2. Of an apparatus to prevent the sliding back of the yarn from the squeezing
rollers! The yarn often recedes near the squeezing rollers, so that the layer of
yarn, which should always be of the same height, is often thinner or entirely
interrupted, and often much thicker, and the consequence is, a very unequal
squeezing under the rollers, easily comprehensible. I prevent this by the
apparatus shewn in two views in Fig. 6 and 7. It consists of a small tramper

page_text: or foot l, working as near as possible near the rollers; a double eccentric on the
crank shaft H causes the rising and falling of it, so that it descends at the time
when the tramper L is drawn up; it remains laying on the yarn and going
round with the large drum until L again sinks down, at which time it is lifted
up, and so on. is a guiding piece, resting on both sides in pins projecting
on the small pieces l³, attached to the frame. These pieces serve to regulate
the position of close by the rollers.
+
3. Of an apparatus for lifting up the yarn in the liquor. This arrangement
is necessary for, the purpose to wet the yarn. thoroughly, which is not done
without it. A number of bent rods entering exactly in grooves applied in the
inside of the drum B, as shewn in the vertical cross section of it, Fig. 8, are
attached on a cross bar, shewn by dotted lines, Fig. 1 a. These rods extend
until near the roller, and by two levers, al and N, in connection with a, are once
lifted up and once drawn back by each revolving of the crank H. a³, a³, are
the different.rods and chains by which these levers are in connection with the
crank and bent rods, and the action is easily comprehensible by thinking to
öneself the motion of the levers as marked by dotted lines. The yarn is lifted
up at the time the tramper L is going upwards, and the rods are drawn back
when it is laying on the yarn. The lever N gives motion further to two.
improvements, consisting of,
5. A better way of pushing out the yarn of the machine when arrived at e,.
performed by a shovel e',.shewn in two views, Fig: 9 and 10. The same always
slides on the inside..of B during the movement of the lever N, because it is put
moveable on the pin e, and the upper part is heavier than the lower. f is a
counterpoise weight for the tramper L; and;-.
6. The mixing of the liquor squeezed out of the yarn with the new liquor
continually flowing in. I effect this by the vessel g, placed upon the tramper L,
as shewn in the detached views of the tramper, Fig. 11 and 12, and fastened on
it by a pin.at g, so as to allow a movement round it; it is in connection. by the
rods or chains a with the lever :N, and by moving of the latter it once sinks
down upon L, and at another time the back part is lifted up, so as to cause the
pouring out of the liquor contained, in it. g are two easy working valves,
opening themselves upwards, and allowing the liquor to flow in when in the
lowest position; the new. liquor continually runs in by a cock, and is mixed
with the old, and poured over the yarn when the lever works.
7. Of an apparatus for stirring up and elevating the liquor to the necessary
height that it runs through the pipe into the vessel g. It simply consists of a
number-of-vessels-h,-attached-to-the-extremities of arms,-or-a-circle, fixed on a
horizontal lying shaft h² in the tub where the liquor is.
This shaft is put in,

page_text: rotation by 2 pulleys and endless band or chain, one of it attached to the shaft,
another on the crank shaft H, Fig. 7, . By turning in the proper direction,
the vessels descend near the bottom of the tub, are filled with liquor, which
afterwards is poured in the vessel h, from which it is conducted to the machine
by the pipe. By the same motion the liquor is stirred up.
S: I have arranged the gearing otherwise. Instead of a large spur wheel,
formerly put on the shaft o, which required a hole in the flooring, and was
in gear with a small spur wheel, put on the crank shaft HI, I use smaller spur
wheels. The spur wheel G, fastened on the same shaft of the pulley O, takes
into and drives the intermediate spur wheel G', which is fastened together
with G, both revolving freely upon a short shaft K; G2 takes into and drives
another small spur wheel G, also revolving on a short shaft m, and this takes
into and drives G on the crank shaft. I commonly communicate the power
to the machine by a pulley fastened on G".
9. Lastly, I use worm springs n below the bearings of the tramper, to give
the same an elastic pressure; the view of Fig. 1, 11, and 12 will be suf-
ficient to explain it without further description. The tramper I construct of
a number of metal bars joined together diagonally, as seen in Fig. 12, and.
bent on the under side undulatory.
a
The washing machine for yarns and threads consists of two racks (toothed
rods) joined parallel by cross bars or stretchers, resting upon four segments
of wheels, so that it is possible to give it a motion to and fro along a water
cistern of considerable length in which the water is continually renewed.
Over these two racks rollers move slowly during the coming and going move-
ment; these rollers are provided on both ends with pinions, gearing into the
racks, and serve to carry the yarn which is hung up on them; the latter, as
it plunges by the passage over the racks into the water of the cistern is
washed, and arrives clean on the opposite end. Fig. 1 is an elevation; Fig. 2,
plan of the machine; Fig. 3, a vertical cross section taken at u, z. The
racks are attached to the frame A, and the movement to it is given by cranks,
fastened to a shaft B, passing through the cistern in a pipe b, and by the
drawing rods b¹. The spur wheel B' serves to receive the motive power
-the-customary-way-or-it-may-be-placed-in-lieu-of-it-a-pulley, but in every_case_
it is necessary to apply a counterpoise B to balance the cranks and rods;
C, C, are the segments, bearing the whole frame, moving upon the short
rails C³, fastened on the flooring; A', A', cross bars joining the frames; below
the same are passed across the machine two axles, to which the segments are
fastened, and upon which rests the whole frame at C. The rolling forward
of the yarn rollers is caused by an endless band D, or chain armed, with

page_text: projecting spikes D' (teeth or prongs), at suitable distances. The spikes touch
the projecting axles of the rollers E. The band or chain passes around the
pulleys F and G; to the latter is attached a ratched wheel G', which receives
a rotary motion by the long click or catch G. which rests on the segment C
at C³, and takes into the teeth; G³ are two other clicks, which also takes into
the teeth of the ratched wheel, to secure or retain it from going back again.
Fig. 4 shews the click G³, detached in 3 views; it is provided with some.teeth
to produce a greater motion of the ratched wheel; and further, it is fastened to
the bent rod by a set screw, sliding in a rectangular hole applied thereon.
By this arrangement it is possible to accelerate or diminish the speed of the
ratched wheel, and consequently also of the yarn rollers. The piece G³
attached to the drawing rod b¹ serves to clevate the click when it is drawn
back, so that the teeth of the ratched wheel are not touched by it, which
would be hurtful to them.. H, H, are rails, upon which the yarn rollers are
put after the washed yarn:is taken off, and over which they rolls down for to
be at hand to serve again. Fig. 5 is another view of. the same; Fig. 6 is an
enlarged cross section of the frame and a roller taken at a, y.. I, the racks;
K, pieces attached to the frame, and guided by pieces fastened to the water
cistern; these are there to facilitate the worker in putting on the racks the
yarn rollers in exact straight direction. As soon as one of the spikes of the
band has passed the place L, the worker puts a yarn roller on the place M;
when the frame comes, the edge N slides below M, and the roller falls down
upon the racks, which there commence, and are afterwards taken by the next
coming spike and rolled forward. Although the, rollers may be round, I
prefer giving it an angular shape, as is shewn in section in Fig. 6. O is a
guiding staple for the belt D; P is the pipe through which the water enters;
Q, the place where it runs out of the cistern...
The rolling forwards of the yarn rollers may be performed also by attaching
to G, instead of the ratched wheel G2, another pulley, and another one to fasten
on the crank pin R, and to pass round-these two a band. By the rotation of
the wheel B' the two pulleys are turned, and the band D, but in the contrary
way when this additional belt, is not crossed, or the wheel B' revolves in the
contrary direction of the arrow. The motion to and fro of the yarn rollers is
not new, and I do not claim it; there have been in use some years machines
with this movements, but the arrangement of the machine; and the travelling
through the apparatus of the rollers, as described and shewn in the Drawings,
is new..
The mechanical dye boiler I have to describe yet consists of a number of

page_text: both ends on the peripherie of wheels or disks at equal distances, fastened in
the centre to a horizontal lying axle; this axle is hollow, and between the two
disks of considerable diameter, so that it may be used to heat the dye bath
by steam, and for the purpose of occupying much space, because otherwise the
quantity of the necessary dye bath would be too great. This apparatus is
placed in a dye boiler of a suitable form, and put in rotary motion during
dyeing; moreover, each yarn stick or pole is also put in rotation round itself,
once in the one, once in the contrary direction. Fig. 1 and 2 are elevations
in front and side view; Fig. 3 is a cross section, shewing the possition of the
poles and, yarn; Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of the, interior part on the place
where the rotary motion of the yarn poles round themselves, is given; Fig. 5
shews the gear and the attached yarn rollers during dyeing. A is the boiler;
when of metal-it-may be heated by direct fire below it; or it may, be made
of wood or stone; B is the driving pulley; fixed on the same shaft. of the 3-
spur wheels C, D, and E; C', D₁, are fastened on the axle F outside of the
boiler E, put loosely on the same inside of it, and gearing constantly with E;
C and D are joined together, and slides on the shaft along it, so that either
C may be in gear with C; as shewn in the Drawing, or D with D, and
the other out of gear; but, by a projecting key fastened to the shaft, they
revolve continually with the pulley and shaft... C is a little larger, D a little
smaller, in diameter: than. E¹: G are spur wheels, forming a circle, of which
the axis F is the centre; each of them is fastened, to one of the yarn poles,
and they gear together; so that they rotate all at the same time. One of these
yarn rollers, is provided with another spur wheel G¹, of exactly the same form
and size, which is constantly in gear, with El; this communicates the..motion
to all the others. His the hollow cylinder, the middle part of the axle; I, the
disks, on which the poles are attached and revolve in bearings K; the axis
passes through the boiler by stuffing boxes and glands, to avoid the loss of
dye bath and steam. The disks and bearings on it must be arranged so as
to permit one to take out the poles from the boiler, and put them in again
easily into the bearings; it is advantageous to give the poles an angular shape:
The action of the machine is as follows After the boiler is filled with dye-
bath, the yarn is hung up very carefully upon the necessary number of poles,
and they are put in the apparatus in the order shewn, Fig. 3, and the machine
is put in motion in the direction of the arrow y; they are drawn through the
bath continually, and because the spur wheel C has a. greater diameter than
E', the yarn poles revolve round themselves but very slowly, so that the yarn
continually changes its position on the poles. This motion of the yarn is
much facilitated by the reason that the touching parts of it always run in the

page_text: same direction. After the machine has been working some time, one throws
C and C out of gear, and D and D¹ into it, and by this means the poles
revolve slowly round themselves in the contrary direction, as before. I have
found this change of the motion necessary, because it often occurs that the
strings which are used to divide the parts of the hanks are drawn in an
oblique position, and squeeze the yarn on the place where they are, causing
through it the dye bath not to produce the same effect as on the other parts;
if now the poles commence to revolve in the contrary direction, as formerly,
the strings get their former position, and the fault mentioned is avoided.
After the dyeing is finished, the yarn poles are taken off, the boiler emptied
by the cock.
The Patentee claims, first, the improvements described on the yarn tramp-
and squeezing machine invented some years ago by him.
Secondly, the travelling of the yarn rollers on the yarn-washing machine
through the same, and the arrangement of this machine, as described.
Thirdly, the mechanical dye boiler for yarn and threads as described and
explained by Drawings, or any mere modification of one of these machines or
parts mentioned.
In witness whereof, I, the said Longin Gantert, have heretofore set my
hand and seal, this First day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
LONGIN GANIERI.
(L.S.)