THE APPLICATION OF AN IMPROVED BLOWING FAN TO STEADY OR PORTABLE FORGES, WITH OR WITHOUT REVERBERATORY FURNACES AS WELL AS TO VENTILATION IN GENERAL
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Pierre Brun, of No. 1, Rue de Grenelle, St. Honoré,
Paris, in the Empire of France, for the Invention of "THE APPLICATION
OF AN IMPROVED BLOWING FAN TO STEADY OR PORTABLE FORGES, WITH OR
WITHOUT REVERBERATORY FURNACES AS WELL AS TO VENTILATION IN GENERAL."
$
a
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Pierre Brun at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th April.
1858.
I, PIERRE BRUN, of No. 1, Rue de Grenelle, St. Honoré, Paris, in the
Empire of France, do. hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"THE APPLICATION OF AN IMPROVED BLOWING FAN TO STEADY OR PORTABLE FORGES,
WITH OR WITHOUT REVERBERATORY FURNACES AS WELL AS TO VENTILATION IN
GENERAL," to be as follows:-
It consists in the application of an'improved blowing fan and reverberatory.
furnace to fixed or portable forges, whether ordinary, smith's, portable, work- ;
shop, or any of the forges at present used for whatever purpose. On the
annexed Drawing, sketches are shewn of the principal parts of both arrange-;
ments. Fig. 1 is a vertical section of the case of the fan in which the wings
[Price 8d1

page_text: of the fan revolve, the wings being made half hollow, as shewn at A'; an
endless screw is cut on the shaft B of the fan, which screw gears with a cog
wheel O, the latter being driven by a hand crank fixed on the shaft; when the
fan is set in motion the blast is conveyed through a suitable tuyere D, Fig. 2,
to the fire, which can be arranged as usual for heating iron bars.
improved reverberatory furnace may be used instead of the ordinary furnace,
when it is necessary to heat small articles, such as revits, which may casily be
burnt. away if too great heat is applied; Fig. 2 shews a cross section through
the middle of the reverberatory furnace; C is the fireplace, in which the coal
is thrown through a door E, the fan blows through the tuyere D, and the flame
follows the course shewn by the arrows, passing first into the heating chamber
H, then into a reheating chamber I, and finally escaping through the aperture
J, leading to the chimney K. The doors P and P¹ are for the purpose of
charging the heating chambers H & I.
SPECIFICATION filed in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
and of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, by the said Pierre Brun in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 9th November 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PIERRE
BRUN, of No. 1, Rue de Grenelle, St. Honoré, Paris, in the Empire of France,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of April in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Pierre Brun, Her special licence that I, the said Fierre Brun, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Pierre Brun, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "THE APPLICATION OF AN IMPROVED BLOWING
FAN TO STEADY OR PORTABLE FORGES WITH OR WITHOUT REVERBERATORY FURNACES,
AS WELL AS TO VENTILATION IN GENERAL," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Pierre Brun, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what

page_text: manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar monthsnextand immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Pierre Brun, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manuer the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This Invention consists of an improved blowing fan, and its application
chiefly to fixed or portable forges with or without a reverberatory or heating
furnace for the purpose of heating, annealing, or melting metals, and also for
heating or ventilating halls, churches, theatres, hospitals, workrooms, &c.
My Invention is illustrated by the two Sheets of Drawings hereto annexed.
Fig. 1 is the front view of a portable forge provided with a blowing fan and
reverberatory furnace; Fig. 2 is a vertical section of the blowing fan drawn to
a double scale at right angles with the shaft; Fig. 3 is a transverse section
through the axis of the shaft, this fan is actuated by a hand crank fixed
on the shaft A, the said shaft carries a grooved wheel O, which gears with
a worm-screw V cut on the shaft B of the fan, so that when turning the handle
R with a moderate speed, the fan will revolve with great velocity, which
will in proportion to the diameter of the wheel O. The wings or paddles Cof
the fan are rounded up as shewn Fig. 3, so as to expel more effectually and
regularly the atmospheric air towards the inlet of the tuyere, and not suffer
any to escape through the side apertures, as it is the case with the flat wings.
In lieu of using a grooved wheel gearing with a worm-screw for actuating the
fan, it could be actuated by a combination of bevel wheels, as shewn by Fig. 4,
the velocity attained would not be so great as with a worm-screw; but in many
instances it would be sufficient. In Fig. 1, a reverberatory furnace is applied
upon the portable forge, as may be seen delineated with red ink; Fig. 5 is the
plan of the said furnace shewn in a reverse direction; Fig. 6 is a vertical
section through the line A', B', of the plan; Fig. 7 is a horizontal section
through the line 1 of Fig. 6; Fig. 8 is a horizontal section through the line 2;
Fig. 9 and 10 are similar sections through the lines 3 and 4 of the Fig. 6.
This furnace, built with fire-bricks, is divided in several separate chambers, as
shewn in Figs. 6,7,8,9,10. The fuel is placed in the chamber or fire-place C..
The fan being set in motion, the wind enters from under the tuyere D, which..
is protected by a covering piere S of a balf cylindrical shape, with several holes
through it for the passage of the wind. The blast that is produced goes in
the direction shewn by the arrows arriving first in the blast or ignition
chamber H, where the materials to be heated are placed, thence it runs :

page_text: through a lower space L, and arrives in a low chamber I, in which the pieces
to be annealed or heated over are placed before placing them into the chamber
H; from the chamber I, the blast enters the flue a, and runs behind all the
spaces before arriving in the upper space J, which is directly above the ignition
chambers, whence it egresses through the chimney K, after its winding around
the partitions N, which prevents its direct escaping.
The forges blown and heated with the fan before described may be dis-
posed for melting metals in crucibles. For this purpose a melting furnace
should be established for containing the crucibles or melting pots used by
goldsmiths or other artificers for melting metals; the tuyere must then
be disposed for blowing from under, care being taken to cover it up with
a half perforated iron cylinder, as already described for the reverberatory
furnace, for the passage of the wind and also for preserving the tuyere, that
could be spoiled by cinder or ashes that would fall into it.
Fig. 11 and 12, Sheet II., are the plan and front view of a blowing fan dis-
posed for the ventilation of mines, hospitals, churches, large workshops; it
is actuated either by combining one or several screw-worms gearing with
grooved wheels, as shewn in Fig. 1, 2, 3, 11, and 12, by a combination of bevel
wheels, as in Fig. 4, by combining an endless chain with any of the said
gearings or by any other means of imparting motion, so as to get the required
speed.
This improved blowing fan of a smaller size can be used by goldsmiths,
jewellers, watchmakers, enamellers, &c., for heating, soldering, and melting
metals with the blowpipe and enamel or other lumps. The Figures 13 and 14
represent a small fan V applied to a blowpipe C. Fig. 13 is a vertical
section of the fan parallel to its shaft A; and Fig. 14 is a section at right
angle with the same shaft. The movement placed in in the case H, H, is
composed of two worm screws F, F', actuated by grooved wheels R, R; the
worm-screw F is cut on the very shaft of the fan, and the motion is imparted
either by a hand crank fixed on the shaft B of wheel R or by a spring wound
up in a barrel placed on the same shaft.
With some appropriate arrangements and modifications the blowing fan is
applied to stoves or furnaces for warming apartments and buildings with
additional apparatus for the ventilation of hospitals, theatres, churches, and
all other similar places, where many people are gathered together.
The improvements or appropriate arrangements just mentioned are repre-
sented on Sheet II. They relate, firstly, to the particular construction of the
fan itself, which is composed of two cast-iron pieces or shelves bolted fast
together, as shewn at b, b, Fig. 15 and 16, which are a front view and plan

page_text: of the said blowing fan. The wings are shaped as shewn, Fig. 17, which is
a front view and cross section of one of them. The shaft of the said wings
is not placed to the centre of its case or shell, it is nearer to the outlet
aperture, so that the circumference described by the end of the winds forms
a scroll with the inner circumference of the shell, as it may be seen, Fig. 15,
marked by a red line which almost touches the outlet aperture of the wind.
Fig. 24 shews the arrangement of the pipes through which the atmospheric
air flows as it enters the furnace T, and at its flowing out. There is a
register or valve at every branch-pipe for regulating or stopping the admission
of air. Thus, for instance, when applying this apparatus for warming and
ventilating a theatre or any large hall intended to contain a great number of
persons, and cool air may be supplied at once; the warm air in the lower
parts of the hall and cool air in the upper parts. The arrow A shews the
direction of the blast of air supplied by the blowing fan according to the
opening of the valves set at the elbows or branchings; that air can be injected
first into the fire-place through the pipe E for feeding the combustion of the
fuel; second, into the hot chamber or oven for warming the hall, then it
flows through the pipe C; third, at last the portion of air that flows through
the pipe G is for ventilating the upper parts of the hall; it flows in the
direction of the arrow B. At the outlet of the hot chamber there must be
two ascending distributing pipes, and around the hall on the outer edges of
the galleries in a theatre pipes such as those represented, Fig. 25, must
be laid in a horizontal position. They are either perforated or slotted, as
shewn, according to the arrangement of the places and the quantity of air
required; they will blow out the air towards the remotest part of the galleries.
Branch pipes with full outlets may be added from place to place.
The
The figures 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, and 23 shew the inside arrangements of
a furnace or stove with a blowing fan to be applied for warming large
establishments. Fig. 18 is a vertical section made through the line a', b', of
Fig. 23; all the other Figures are horizontal sections made at several dis-
tances through the lines 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Fig. 18, for the purpose of
shewing the shape and arrangement of the various flues and channels for the
passage of the flame and carbonic gases evolved, and for the hot air.
red arrows shew the direction and travel of the flame and gases, and the black
arrows shew the direction and travel of the air supplied by the blowing fan,
and thrown into the oven where it is heated at its passage. Fig. 23 is a
section through the line 5; the air supplied by the fan enters at a and flows
in the vent-hole b, c, wider at b than at a and c. The channel or flue v, a, z, is
the last passage of the descending current and gases which enter at z, and are

page_text: up
gets
the
in
conveyed to the chimney. Fig. 22 is a section through the line 4; the air
ascends from c, runs through the channel d to ascend at e. The current
entering from t follows the channel u and runs down at v for entering the
channel of Fig. 28. Fig. 21 is a section through the line c; the hot air
ascending from follows the direction f, g, over the fire-place to ascend at h.
The flame issuing from the fire-chamber at through a double flue. rushes
through the channel r, s, to flow down at t; another position of the flame
issuing from the fire-place follows the channel m, n. Fig. 20 is a section
through the line 2; the warm water entering from h follows the channel i
takes
to go out at k to enter the distributing pipe. The chamber p, q,
surplus of the breadth of the oven for the passage of the flame which
at p and rushes down at r to run in the lower channel, Fig. 21. Fig. 19
is a section through the line 1. The flame blowing up from m runs in the
chamber o to rush down at p.
The channel i is an empty space.
Fig. 182 is the front of a portable furnace with fire-place and hot
chambers set up on an iron frame; it is of a smaller size, and provided with
a blowing fan placed underneath; the said fan has a branched distributing
pipe, one the tuyeres is for injecting air into the fire-place; the other to
blow into the channels, or heating rooms of the oven, which, although of
smaller size, is built on the same plan as the one before described and illus-
trated by the Figures 18 to 23. This smaller furnace can be applied for
warming all kinds of establishments, such as drying rooms, greenhouses, &c.;
it may also be applied to steam baths. The large furnace which is erected
directly upon the ground is for warming large establishments, such as
theatres, churches, &c., which require, according to the climate and season,
either warm or cool air.
The blowing fans, which are applied to such furnaces being also of larger
size are set up apart at a little distance from the furnace; they are secured
by cramps and bolts on stonework, and are actuated by any motive force.
When the warm air is not required, the appatatus being only to be applied
to ventilation, the valves or registers communicating to the fire-place, as shewn
in Fig. 24, are shut up.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is or may be used or carried into effect, I would observe in
conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict myself to the precise details or
arrangements which I have had occasion to describe or refer to, as variations
may be made therefrom, without deviating from the principles of my said
Invention.
I claim the application of ventilators or blowing fans, constructed and

page_text: actuated, as herein-before described and illustrated, and to portable or other
forges, with or without reverberatory furnaces, for the purpose of heating,
annealing, or melting metals.
2dly, to blow pipes with enamelling or other lamps for heating, soldering,
or melting metals, by goldsmiths, jewellers, watchmakers, &c.
3dly, to stoves or furnaces for the purpose of warming and ventilating
apartments, and especially large establishments, such as churches, theatres,
hospitals, &c., and all such places where many persons are gathered together,
and on a smaller scale, for warming smaller establishments, such as drying
rooms, greenhouses, steam baths, &c
In witness whereof, I, the said Pierre Brun, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifth day of November, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-eight.
P. BRUN. (L.B.)