An Improved Joint or Method of Jointing applicable to the Cylindrical Portions of Metallic Casks or Drums and other Metallic Vessels.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Dec., 1891
"
Complete Specification Left, 7th Sept., 1892-Accepted, 8th Oct., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Joint or Method of Jointing applicable to the
Cylindrical Portions of Metallic Casks or Drums and other
Metallic Vessels.
A communication from ANTONIN MONTUPET, of No. 19, 21 and 22, Rue de la
Voute, Paris, in the Republic of France, Engineer and Machine Builder.
1, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex,
M.I.M.E., do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to dispense with the hitherto usual rivetting and
soldering of cylindrical closed vessels, receivers or chambers, and in substituting
for those old methods a rolling process whereby the cylindrical portions are
tightly and securely joined together.
The rolling enables, moreover, the rivetting and soldering, where they are
required, to be performed by machinery instead of, as hitherto, by hand, so that
much of the expense is saved which up to the present time has been involved in
the provision of the necessary materials and labour.
The rolling method may be carried out by means of cylinders or rollers, either
grooved or plain and of any suitable shape and any convenient lathe or machine-
tool, hammer or the like may be employed.
The arrangements used for rolling will of course vary according to the purpose
for which the vessels or receivers are intended, and the degree of strength
consistent with such purpose.
The various joints may be adapted to suit different purposes, and in each case
absolute tightness is obtained, owing to the action of the rollers which ensure
perfect adhesion.
The joint in its most simple form is adapted for stationary receivers or chambers
and another form of joint may be made, having a groove of greater or less depth
forming an inner supporting bead for the bottom-plate or head of the drum. The
edges in both these instances are turned outwardly.
In another joint the edge of the bottom-plate or drum head is turned inwardly
and bears on, or is retained by the inner bead. To secure this bottom-plate in
position its edge should be so rolled that it expands or increases in diameter, and
the edge of the wall of the cylinder should also be rolled into shape so that it
may exactly fit the rounded edge of the bottom-plate, its diameter being if required,
correspondingly reduced. Both operations may take place either separately or
simultaneously, to suit the existing arrangements, and the nature or working
capacity of the machinery employed.
This invention also relates to the jointing together of two cylinders, to means
for securing a flanged ring to the outer surface or periphery of a cylinder and to
means which may be adopted to increase the strength of the joints.
By this rolling method any desired degree of adhesion may be obtained, the only
limit being the power of the machinery employed, which may include suitable
appliances for cutting the metal, if necessary.
The power of adhesion and the resistance may be further increased by providing
small grooves in the piece to be fitted on to the cylindrical wall, and corresponding
ribs or recesses on the wall itself, the resulting tight fit between such grooves and
ribs will resist the most powerful strain.
This power of adhesion may still be enhanced by modifying the shape of either
one or both of the pieces to be connected, i.e. making them concave, convex,
undulated, fluted, ribbed, etc.
The cylindrical wall itself may at the longitudinal seam or line of junction of its

page_text: edges, be rivetted, clamped, brazed, soldered, or otherwise dealt with throughout
the whole or part of its length.
The same manner of closing the joints will apply wherever cylindrical pieces are
to be connected even if rivets and solder are to be used.
The rolling process may be used to advantage in securing in place the bottoms
or heads of cylindrical vessels, drums, chambers, sheet iron cans or casks, such as
are used for carrying liquids, gas-receivers, compressed air-chambers, steam-
reservoirs, boilers or the like.
The tightness of the joint may be increased by interposing a piece of a suitable
insulating material, such as asbestos, hemp, paper or the like between the parts to
be joined or "rolled" together.
For this purpose asbestos in the shape of either threads or strips will prove
particularly serviceable, this material being proof against the action of fire and
having the property of expanding under the influence of moisture.
By placing asbestos into grooves it will be found to perform the functions of a
stuffing-box, should it so happen that, through defective rolling or shaping, the
joined parts should become loose or imperfectly fit.
The tightness of the joints may moreover be ensured by oxidation.
It will thus be seen that this invention is based upon the two following closely
connected principles:
1) The wedging of the parts in or on to each other, so that they mutually
support and strengthen themselves; and
2) The substitution of rolling for rivets or solder.
The mutual strengthening or stiffening effect is, in the instances shown, obtained
by means of an inner bead, though it may be produced in any other suitable
manner. For example, instead of beads rivets may be used whose heads or studs
project inwardly. Or the bead may be external, and into the corresponding inner
groove a rounded iron rod may be embedded so as to project inwardly and serve as
a supporting ledge for the piece to be fixed.
According to the depth of such beads or grooves and other circumstances,
ordinary sheet-iron, soft iron, or steel may be used. Where soft iron or steel is
employed the thickness of the walls and plates may be reduced without diminishing
their resistance; the cylinder being provided, in its length, with a number of
external or internal beads or corrugations.
This invention is applicable to the manufacture of any metal cylindrical
apparatus which may or may not receive a metallic or other coating as desired.
Dated this 15th day of December 1891.
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Joint or Method of Jointing applicable to
Cylindrical Portions of Metallic Casks or Drums and
Metallic Vessels.
the
other
A communication from ANTONIN MONTUPET, of 19, 21 & 22, Rue de la
Voûte, Paris, in the Republic of France, Engineer and Machine Builder.
.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex,
Member of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of this invention is to dispense with the hitherto usual rivetting and
soldering of cylindrical closed vessels, receivers or chambers, and in substituting
for those old methods a rolling process whereby the cylindrical portions are tightly
and securely joined together.

page_text: The rolling enables moreover the rivetting and soldering where they are required,
to be performed by machinery instead of as hitherto by hand. so that much of the
expense is saved which up to the present time has been involved in the provision of
the necessary materials and labour.
The rolling method may be carried out by means of cylinders or rollers, either
grooved or plain and of any suitable shape, and any convenient lathe or machine-
tool, hammer, or the like may be employed.
The arrangements used for rolling will of course vary according to the purpose
for which the vessels or receivers are intended, and the degree of strength consistent
with such purpose.
In the accompanying drawings I have shown some of the various joints adapted
to suit different purposes, and it will be observed that in each case absolute tightness
is obtained, owing to the action of the rollers which ensure perfect adhesion.
The joints shown in the drawings may be termed the "annular" ones as
distinguished from the longitudinal seams or joints, this term being herein used as
applying to the joint extending around the metallic cask or other vessel whether
it be cylindrical, elliptical or of other form in transverse section.
Fig. 1 shows the most simple form of joint for stationary receivers or chambers.
Fig. 2 shows a joint having a groove of greater or less depth forming an inner
supporting bead for the bottom-plate or head of the drum. The edges in both
these instances are turned outwardly.
In Fig. 3 the edge of the bottom-plate or drumhead is turned inwardly and bears
on, or is retained by the inner bead. To secure this bottom-plate in position its
edge should be so rolled that it expands or increases in diameter, and the edge of
the wall of the cylinder should also be rolled into shape so that it may exactly
fit the rounded edge of the bottom-plate, its diameter being if required corre-
spondingly reduced. Both operations may take place either separately or
simultaneously to suit the existing arrangements and the nature or working capacity
of the machinery employed.
Fig. 4 represents two cylinders, similarly joined, and
Fig. 5 illustrates the manner of securing a flanged ring to the outer surface or
periphery of a cylinder.
Figs. 6 and 7 show arrangements which may be adopted to increase the strength
of the joints.
By this rolling method any desired degree of adhesion may be obtained, the
only limit being the power of the machinery employed, which may include suitable
appliances for cutting the metal if necessary.
The power of adhesion and the resistance may be further increased by pro-
viding small grooves in the piece to be fitted on to the cylindrical wall, and
corresponding ribs or recesses on the wall itself, as shown in Fig. 5, the resulting
tight fit between such grooves and ribs will resist the most powerful strain.
This power of adhesion may still be enhanced-by modifying the shape of either
one or both of the pieces to be connected, i.e. making them concave, convex,
undulated, fluted, ribbed, &c.
The cylindrical wall itself may at the longitudinal seam or line of junction of
its edges, be rivetted, clamped, brazed soldered or otherwise dealt with throughout
the whole or part of its length.
Although in the drawing only some of the "rolled " joints are shown it will be
understood that the same manner of closing the joints will apply wherever
cylindrical pieces are to be connected even if rivets and solder are to be used.
The rolling process may be used to advantage in securing in place the bottoms
or heads of cylindrical vessels, drums, chambers, sheet iron cans or casks, such as
are used for carrying liquids, gas-receivers, compressed air-chambers, steam-
reservoirs, boilers, or the like.
The tightness of the joint may be increased by interposing a piece of a suitable
insulating material such as asbestos hemp paper or the like, between the parts to
be joined or "rolled" together.

page_text: For this purpose asbestos in the shape of either threads or strips will prove
particularly serviceable, this material being proof against the action of fire and
having the property of expanding under the influence of moisture..
By placing asbestos in grooves such as are shown in Fig. 5, it will be found to
perform the functions of a stuffing-box should it so happen that through defective
rolling or shaping the joined parts should become loose or imperfectly fit.
The tightness of the joints may moreover be ensured by oxidation.
It will thus be seen that this invention is based upon the two following closely
connected principles:-
(1) The wedging of the parts in or on to each other, so that they mutually
support and strengthen themselves, and
(2) The substitution of rolling for rivets or solder.
The mutual strengthening or stiffening effect is, in the instances shown obtained
by means of an inner bead, though it may be produced in any other suitable
manner. For example instead of beads, rivets may be used whose heads or studs
project inwardly. Or the bead may be external, and into the corresponding inner
groove a rounded iron rod may be embedded so as to project inwardly and serve
as a supporting ledge for the piece to be fixed.
According to the depth of such beads or grooves and other circumstances,
ordinary sheet-iron, soft iron or steel may be used. Where soft iron or steel is
employed the thickness of the walls and plates may be reduced without diminishing
their resistance, the cylinder being provided in its length with a number of
external or internal beads or corrugations.
This invention is applicable to the manufacture of cylindrical vessels or
apparatus of any metal which may or may not receive a metallic or other coating
as desired.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is,―
1. The process of manufacture of metallic casks drums and the like adapted to
.contain solid or liquid materials or gases substantially as described in which the
usual rivetting and welding operations are replaced by a rolling or interlocking
method.
2. Forming the annular joints of metallic casks drums and the like by rolling and
with or without interlocking surfaces substantially as described.
Dated this 7th day of September 1892.
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.