Improvements relating to the Generation of Gas and Electricity, and to Apparatus therefor, and the Application thereof to Motive Power Purposes.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Oct.. 1896-Accepted, 2nd Jan., 1897
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to the Generation of Gas and Electricity, and
to Apparatus therefor, and the Application thereof to Motive
Power Purposes.
I, SIDNEY HOWE SHORT, of No. 1184 East Madison Avenue, Cleveland,
County of Cuyahoga, State of Ohio, United States of America, Electrical
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
This invention relates to the conversion of the latent energy of carbon or
carbonaceous material directly into electrical energy.
The object of the invention is to provide a practical method and arrangement
of apparatus for effecting the conversion of the latent energy of carbon or
carbonaceous material diretly into electrical energy and in the applicatiu
thereof to practical commercial purposes and uses.
Electricity has lo g been produced by the oxidation of various metals.
A familiar example is the oxidation of zinc in the ordinary Daniels' cell. The
oxidation is effected through a suitable electrolyte, which, in the example given,
is a solution of sulphate of copper into which a plate of metallic zinc is immersed,
metallic zine being one of the most positive plates in an electrolyte of this
character. In the example mentioned, a copper plate is employed as the negative
plate of the battery. The electro-chemical action which takes place in a battery
cell of this nature is not altogether understood, except as to the results. In the
case of the Daniel's cell, for instance, it is known that the sulphate of copper
forming the electrolyte is broken up into its component constituents, the copper
being deposited upon the copper plate or negative plate of the cell, and the oxygen
of the sulphuric acid attacking and oxidizing the metallic zine forming the
positive plate of the cell, the resulting oxide of zinc being in turn converted into
sulphate of zinc, which passes into solution with the excess of water contained
in the electrolyte. I have selected the Daniels' cell as merely illustrative of the
idea. Other materials may be employed as the positive and negative plates of
the cell, and other materials may be employed for the electrolyte, and many forms
of batteries have been devised, based upon the utilization of different materials,
but in all cases the production or generation of electricity is dependent upon the
oxidizing or electro-chemical action of the electrolyte upon the positive plate of
the battery. Therefore, one of the essentials of an electrolyte in this connection is
that it must contain oxygen in large quantities. The action of the oxygen upon
the positive plate of the battery cell effecting during the oxidizing process a
consumption of said plate and a conversion thereof into oxides or other chemical
compounds. The zinc or other metals or materials employed in the manner
indicated form an expensive fuel to be oxidized and consumed in this way. It
is therefore the object of the present invention to apply the same principle to the
utilization of coal or carbon or carbonaceous material as the substance to be
electro-chemically acted upon, such material being cheap and abundant, and I
propose to subject the coal or carbon or carbonaceous material to the electro-
chemical action of a suitable electrolyte, which is capable of receiving and
furnishing electro-chemically oxygen to effect a suitable oxidation of the carbon
or carbonaceous materiale

page_text: In these specifications I shall employ the term "carbon" in a broad, generic
sense, including coal, both bituminous and anthracite, coke, gas carbon, and, in
fact, any and all forms of carbonaceous materials.
I shall also in these specifications designate (respectively the carbon element of
the cell and the oxidized or oxidizable metallic element of the cell as the positive
and negative plate of the cell, it being understood by persons versed in the art
that the positive plate of the cell and the negative plate of the cell coustitute
respectively the negative pole or terminal of the battery and the positive pole or
terminal of the battery.
It is well known that carbon has a great affinity for oxygen, and that when
they are brought into contact with each other under suitable conditions, the
carbon and oxygen unite into a chemical combination and the potential energy of
the carbon is converted into heat. This is known as combustion. In the same
manner, so great is the chemical affinity of carbon for oxygen that carbon, as is
well known, will, under a suitable degree of temperature, reduce the oxides of
nearly all metals, even those which are the most electro-positive.
In the practical application of the principles of oxidation, as above-mentioned,
due regard must be had to the fact that the direct oxidation of carbon, as in the
process of combustion, does not give a satisfactory source of electro-motive force
or electrical pressure. For instance, in the case of batteries of all kinds, the
oxygen is not furnished directly to the positive plate of the cell, but, in order to
produce a high electro-motive force or electrical pressure, it is necessary to furnish
the oxygen to the negative plate, from which it is transferred electro-chemically
through an intervening electrolyte to the positive plate in order to accomplish its
oxidizing effect upon the positive plate. For instance, in charging, a storage
battery consisting of lead plates in a solution of sulphuric acid, the negative plate
is oxidized while the positive plate has given up its oxygen and is reduced to
spongy metallic lead, and when the battery is discharged, the positive and negative
plates of the cell become respectively the negative and positive poles of the
battery and the reverse of the above operation takes place, that is, the previously
oxidized plate yields its oxygen and is reduced to spongy metallic lead, while the
previously reduced spongy lead plate becomes oxidized by an electro-chemical
transference of the oxygen so yielded through the electrolyte.
A. practical method of oxidizing carbon, as above explained, solves the problem
of converting the potential energy of coal directly into electrical energy, and an
apparatus which will successfully accomplish this end will provide a means of
furnishing electrical energy in large quantities and at small cost for commercial
purposes, and will avoid the necessity of converting the potential energy of coal
into steam to drive an engine and therefrom to actuate a generator as a source of
electrical energy, as is at present the universal custom, with its consequent and
enormous loss of efficiency during the various transformations and instrumentalities
through which the original latent or potential energy of the coal is applied.
I propose to make use of the principles above-mentioned and to apply the same
practically to accomplish the direct conversion of the potential energy of carbon
into electrical energy and to apply the same practically to commercial purposes
and uses.
In the accompanying drawing,
Fig. 1, Sheet 1, is a view in vertical section of an illustrative form of apparatus
for effecting a conversion of the latent energy of carbon into electrical energy.
Fig. 2, Sheet 1, is a similar view, showing a slightly modified arrangement of
generating apparatus.
Fig. 3, Sheet 1, is a view partly in section and partly diagrammatic, illustrating
a practical application of the principle of my invention.
Fig. 4, Sheet 1, is a diagram illustrating the theory of the electro-chemical action
which takes place in carrying out the principles of my invention.
The view in Sheet 2 shows an illustrative form of apparatus wherein an electrical

page_text: generation plant involving the principles of my invention is combined with a gas
generating plant.
Fig. 1, Sheet 3, is a view in vertical central section of a form of generating
cell adapted to the purposes of my invention.
Fig. 2, Sheet 3, is a similar view of a slightly modified form of cell adapted to
the purposes of my invention.
Fig. 3, Sheet 3, is a view illustrating a battery of several cells arranged in series
and embodying the principles of my invention.
The view in Sheet 4 shows the principle of my invention as applied to the
generation of a current of electricity and the application thereof to supplying
electrical circuits of vehicles, as, for instance, the driving motors of street cars.
In carrying out the principles of my invention whereby electrical energy is
produced directly from the oxidation of coal, coke, or other form of carbon or
carbonaceous material, I provide a suitable vessel or receptacle, A, (particular
reference being had to Sheet 1 of the drawings) of suitable size, shape and
material, into which I place a suitable material, B, possessing the necessary
qualities to form the negative plate of the cell. I have found that lead answers
the purpose, though I mention lead as merely illustrative of an operative element,
and I desire it to be distinctly understood that many other and different materials
possessing the requisite qualities may be employed for this purpose. I do not
confine or limit myself, therefore, to the use of lead in this connection. Lead is
mentioned because I have discovered that it is electro-negative, in the presence of
lead oxides, acting as an electrolyte, to carbon, and this is a quality essential to the
ends sought. I also introduce into the vessel, A, an electrolyte, D, suitable to the
purposes desired and materials employed. For instance, and by way of illustration,
in the case of the use of lead as the negative element or plate of the cell, I may
employ an oxide or oxides of lead as an electrolyte. I desire it to be understood,
however, that my invention is not limited in this respect to the specific electrolyte
named, as any other substance or material possessing the required qualities may be
employed with equal effect. In electrical connection with the negative plate is
arranged a suitable conductor or wire, C, forming the positive pole or terminal of.
the couple: The carbon, E, in whatever form it is used, is arranged to be immersed
or partially immersed in the electrolyte, and constitutes the positive plate, and in
electrical connection with the carbon is a suitable conductor or wire, F, forming
the negative pole or terminal of the couple. A convenient way in which this
electrical connection can be made is shown as merely illustrative of the idea, and
I desire it to be understood that I do not limit myself thereto, wherein I feed
the carbon into a suitable tube or vessel, G, of conducting material, and so arrange
that the carbon at the lower end thereof may be immersed or partially immersed in
the electrolyte, and the conductor F is arranged in electrical contact with said vessel
or tube, G. If desired, I may form that portion of the tube or vessel, G, which ia
immersed in the electrolyte, with a basket of suitable non-conducting material, which
will not be acted upon by the electrolyte during the operation of the apparatus.
This non-conducting portion of the carbon holder may be suitably perforated, as
shown, or it may be of porous material to permit the electrolyte to come into contact
with the carbon, in order to effect an oxidation thereof.
Of course, it will be understood that the carbon may be formed into suitable
rods or bars, if convenient, and in a well known manner, or it may be employed in
any desirable or convenient form and immersed or partially immersed in the
electrolyte. In case the carbon is used in the form of rods, bars or plates, it will
be evident that the conductor F may be connected directly to the carbon itself,
and the use of the vessel G or the non-conducting portion, H, avoided.
In an arrangement such as above described, the carbon is slightly oxidized and
consumed by combining with the oxygen, which is electro-chemically transferred
through the electrolyte, the metal constituent of the electrolyte being deposited
upon the negative plate B or the metal employed as the negative plate, while
carbonic acid gas is generated through the chemical combination of the carbon

page_text: and oxygen, which results in an oxidation of the carbon and which gas
escapes into the air. If this action should continue without more oxygen
being supplied to the electrolyte, it is evident that, eventually, the electrolyte
would become exhausted of oxygen by such oxygen combining with the carbon and
passing off in the form of carbonic acid gas or other form of carbon gas, while the
metal constituent of the electrolyte would be deposited upon the negative plate in
the free state, and, hence, the action of the cell would cease. In order to
regenerate the electrolyte and to prevent the same from becoming impoverished
of its oxygen, and in order to render the action of the cell constant, it is important
to supply oxygen artificially to the electrolyte. This may be accomplished in
many ways, for instance, and by way of illustration of the principles involved, I
may introduce air to the electrolyte, whereby the supply of oxygen in the electro-
lyte is replenished. The mere introduction of oxygen to the electrolyte, however,
is insufficient, and does not result in a satisfactory production of electromotive force
or electrical pressure. In order to secure satisfactory results, it is necessary and
important that the oxygen first attack the metal of the negative plate, in order to
convert a portion thereof into an oxide, which, in turn, forms the electrolyte and
which acts as a medium of electro-chemical transference of the oxygen during the
action which takes place in the cell, whereby the oxygen finally reaches the carbon
or positive plate and effects an oxidation and consumption thereof, the oxygen of
the metallic oxide which forms the electrolyte combining with the carbon, while the
free metal set free again combines with oxygen to regenerate the oxide electrolyte
to the same extent that said electrolyte has become impoverished by the combining
of the oxygen with the carbon. This oxidation and consumption of the carbon
plate results in the production of an electrical pressure.
The oxygen may be supplied to the cell in any suitable or convenient form, as,
for instance, by supplying air thereto, and the supply may be effected in any
suitable or convenient manner and by any suitable or convenient arrangement of
apparatus. As illustrative of operative means for accomplishing the purpose, I
have shown an air pipe, J, communicating with the bottom of the receptacle or
vessel, A, and from which air or oxygen may be supplied to said receptacle or
vessel in any convenient manner, as by means of a pump.
Of course it will be understood that electrolytes may be used which will combine
with the oxidized carbon to form carbonates instead of carbon gases or carbonic
acid gas, but, in such case, they should be of such a character that the carbonates
so produced will be decomposed, and, hence, the products of oxidation of the carbon
may be finally gotten rid of in the form of carbonic acid gas, or otherwise, without
impeding the action of the electrolyte by introducing therein a foreign matter.
In order to obtain the best results and to facilitate the combination of the
carbon in the practical operation of my invention and to hasten and intensify
the electro-chemical action of the cell, it is important that the temperature of the
carbon be raised to a point where the nascent oxygen of the electrolyte will attack
the carbon vigorously and freely. Many different specific forms of apparatus may
be employed for attaining this object. I have shown as merely illustrative of an
operative means for accomplishing the desired object convenient form and
arrangement of apparatus, but I desire it to be understood that my invention is not in
any manner limited or restricted to the details of construction and arrangement shown
and described. In the particular form shown in Fig. 2, Sheet 1, I arrange the
vessel A to be heated from any suitable or conveniently arranged grate, K. In
the form shown in Figs. 1 and 3, Sheet 1, the heating is accomplished by introducing
heated air, the air in this instance not only supplying the requisite heat, but also
replenishing the supply of oxygen to the electrolyte through the negative plate, as
above explained. By way of illustration of an operative form of apparatus for
supplying heated air to the cell, I have shown an air pump, L, arranged to pum
the air through a suitable range and constructed furnace, M, where it is heated and
from which it is delivered to the vessel or receptacle A through pipe, J. In thi
manner, whether directly or from the heat of grate, K, as in Fig. 2, Sheet 1, o

page_text: from the heat of the heated air, as in Figs. 1 and 3, Sheet 1, not only is the carbon
heated to the desired degree to get the best results, but, also, the electrolyte, D,
and the negative plate B are thereby maintained in heated condition at an uniform
tomperature, thereby better adapting the negative plate to take up the oxygen
from the air to form an oxide from a portion of the metal of such negative plate,
and the electrolyte in a state enabling it to receive such oxide and to transfer electro-
chemically the oxygen thereof to the carbon, and the carbon at a suitable degree
of temperature to be readily and freely attacked by the oxygen so transferred
through the electrolyte ; all of these being conditions favourable to the attainment
of the best practical results. In the case of some metals employed as the negative
plate, say, by way of illustration, lead, the negative plate and also the oxide or
oxides of lead forming the electrolyte, if maintained in a molten state during the
action of the apparatus, produce the best practical results.
It is desirable that the air or other form of oxygen be supplied to the negative
plate in such a manner that it will be distributed through the mass of molten metal in
order to efficiently convert the requisite portion thereof into oxides. This idea
may be carried out practically in many ways. As illustrative of the idea, I have
shown in Fig. 1, Sheet 1, an arrangement wherein the air or other form of oxygen
is introduced through pipe, J, to the bottom of the vessel or receptacle, A, and
immediately over the delivery end of said pipe is arranged a perforated shield, N,
forming substantially a false bottom to the vessel or receptacle. The air or other
form of oxygen delivered to the vessel is pumped through the perforations in this
shield or plate, and, hence, is distributed throughout the mass of molten metal
composing the negative plate of the cell. A similarly arranged and perforated
plate, O, is shown in Figs. 2 and 3, Sheet 1, whereby the same advantages are
attained. It will be seen that the bubbling of the air or oxygen up through the
molten mass not only serves to maintain an uniform temperature throughout the
entire mass, but also serves to remove from the surface of the consumed carbon
such ash and other products of the oxidation and consumption thereof as may
be formed upon it, thus leaving the fresh surface of the carbon constantly
exposed to the action of the electrolyte, or, to be more accurate, to the action
of the oxygen, which is transferred electro-chemically through the electrolyte.
All of these are conditions conducive to the energetic chemical and electro-
chemical action, to the prevention of electro-motive forces or electrcial pressures
opposed to the proper electro-motive forces or pressures of such a generator,
and to the attainment of the highest degree of efficiency. In order to secure
high or increased electro-motive force or electrical pressure, a current of large
quantity and low pressure or electro-motive force generated in a single cell
may be transformed into high voltage through any well known method of
transformation, or two or more cells embodying the principles above set forth
may be employed and coupled up in series, so that the positive pole or terminal
of one cell may he coupled to the negative pole or terminal of the next, and so
In-
on, until the desired electro-motive force or electrical pressure is attained.
the same manner, two or more such cells may be coupled in multiple arc for
low electro-motive force and large current. In Fig. 3, Sheet 1, I have shown an
arrangement of cells in series for high electro-motive force.
In an arrangement where several cells are coupled up, either in series or in
parallel, it will be understood that the oxygen, for instance, in the form of air, may
be supplied to all of the cells from a common source, if desired, as, for instance,
and by way of illustration, the oxygen or air may be supplied to a pipe, P, under
suitable pressure, and delivered therefrom through the pipes, J, to the respective
cells. Of course, any other convenient or suitable arrangement may be employed.
It will be understood that the connection of pipes J with the vessels or
receptacles A should be suitably insulated.
fresh
As the supply of carbon is. exhausted or consumed during the oxidizing process
in the transformation of its potential or latent energy into electrical energy,
carbon may be supplied in any convenient or desirable manner.

page_text: In Fig. 1, Sheet 1, is shown a transforming device, R, which may be of any
desired form, construction or arrangement, and arranged in circuit with the
terminals, F, C, to be operated by the current generated in the cell.
My invention is not confined to the specific form of apparatus shown and described,
nor to the specific electrolyte or negative plate mentioned, nor to the use of air as
a source of oxygen supply, as the principles of my invention may be carried out in
a vast variety of different forms of apparatus. Any suitable, convenient or
desirable source of oxygen may be employed, and many different kinds of negative
plate and electrolyte may be used and still fall within the spirit and scope of my
invention. Some of the desirable characteristic of electrolytes adapted to the
purposes of my invention are that they should be liquifiable at a convenient
temperature. They should be good conductora of electricity. They should be
capable of readily taking up oxygen from the air or other source of oxygen supply
and giving up or transferring its oxygen electro-chemically to the carbon plate,
where such oxygen will enter into chemical combination with the carbon to oxidize
and consume the same. They should not have any great affinity for the carbon
oxides formed, to the end that neither the electrolyte nor the negative plate may
be destroyed or subjected to loss of efficiency through chemical combination with
the products of the carbon oxidation and consumption and that such carbon oxides
may be readily eliminated. They should not have any considerable affinity for
nitrogen or other constituents of air, in case air is used. They should comprise
an oxide or oxides of the metal employed as the negative plate of the cell.
The vessel or other receptacle containing the carbon, in case the carbon is
employed in such form that it cannot or does not itself form the collecting electrode
or positive plate of the cell, should be of conducting material. I have found
that iron is a satisfactory material out of which this carbon holder may be
constructed.
From the foregoing description, it will be seen that the principle of action is
substantially as follows:-
The admission of fresh oxygen or air to the negative plate effects an oxidation
thereof, the resulting oxide or oxides forming the electrolyte, which, in turn, yields
up its oxygen to form carbon oxides, which are eliminated, while the metal set free
or liberated by such yielding up of its oxygen from the oxide electrolyte is returned
to the negative plate to be again oxidized by the fresh supply of oxygen, or, else,
without being actually returned to the negative plate, it absorbs or takes on the
oxygen of an adjacent molecule of the oxide electrolyte.
In Fig. 4, Sheet 1, I have illustrated diagrammatically my theory of the electro-
chemical action which takes place. Suppose, for instance, the plate to the left of
said Fig. 4 to be the negative plate, or, say, lead, which is designated Pb, and the
plate to the right of said fig. to be carbon, and which is designated C. When
oxygen is supplied to the lead plate, Pb, said plate is oxidized and forms an oxide,
say, for instance, and in the example taken, lead oxide or PbO. This is the
electrolyte. The several molecules of PbO ranged in line extend from the lead
plate to the carbon. At the carbon end of the line, the oxygen of the molecule is
yielded or given up to the carbon to form carbon oxide, as CO or CO, while the
lead set free in this molecule absorbs or draws away from the next preceding
molecule, PbO, the oxygen constituent thereof to again form a PbO molecule, the
place of the oxygen atom in said molecule being supplied in the same manner from
the molecule, PbO, immediately preceding, and so on throughout, until the
molecule of PbO next adjacent the lead plate has its oxygen thus removed or
absorbed, when by a fresh supply or addition of oxygen or air to the negative or
lead plate fresh oxide is generated, by which an oxygen atom is again supplied to
said adjacent molecule, thereby effecting through electro-chemical action a
progressive transference of the oxygen from the negative plate which absorbed
it in the first instance from the oxygen or air supply through the electrolyte to
the carbon, which it attacks, oxidizes and consumes. This action results in the
production of electro-motive force or electrical pressure. Should, however, the

page_text: action above described be arrested at any point, the production of electrical
pressure or electro-motive force will cease." For instance, should the production
of oxide at the negative plate be arrested, as by stopping the supply of air or of
oxygen thereto, then the action of the cell, above explained, will cease, and n
electro-motive force or electrical pressure will be produced. Or, should the
electrolyte cease to transmit or transfer the oxygen, that is, should the electro-
chemical action cease, the cell will not generate electricity.
It will be understood, of course, that the negative plate may be a combination.
of metals, instead of a single element, and still fall within the spirit and scope of
my invention, and the electrolyte may, in such case, be a combination of several
oxides, or it may be a hydrate or even other chemical compounds of elements, but
it should always operate to carry or progressively transfer by electro-chemical
oxygen from the negative to the carbon or positive plate of the cell to effect the
required oxidation theret, the ultimate result being the formation of electro-motive
force or electrical pressure and the reduction of the carbon to oxides of carbon,
which may be eliminated.
I have conceived that the principles of my invention, as above set forth, may be
economically and efficiently carried into practical commercial effect in co-operation
and conjunction with a gas generating plant. In the view in Sheet 2 I have shown.
an illustrative embodiment of a combined gas and electric generation plant, wherein
reference sign A designates a suitable gas retort, adapted to receive the cual, and
wherein said coal is baked to evolve therefrom the gases, the evolved gas's passing
off in the usual manner in gas plants, through a suitable connection B, to a
purifier, C, which may be of the usual or any suitable or convenient construction
and arrangement; thence through connection B to the service main F, or to the
reservoir, G, or to both in the usual or any convenient manner. H, designates the
furnace for supplying the requisite heat for baking the coal. The coal may be
introduced to the retort in any suitable or convenient manner. In practice,
however, I prefer to employ an arrangement wherein the coal may be readily
fed into the retort, A. I have shown an illustrative form of apparatus
embodying this iden wherein a hopper J is adapted to receive the coal previous to
its being fed into the retort, said hopper opening at its lower end into the retort.
and provided with a suitable cover, K, at the top thereof, which cover is made
removable, but which is gas-tight when secured in its closed position. A
plunger, L, having a pusher end, M, is arrauged to travel adjacent to the lower
end of the hopper J, and when actuated is adapted to feed or push the coal into
the retort. The plunger or arm, L, may be actuated in any convenient or desirable
manner, by hand or machinery, for instance, by means of the crank connection
with a disc, N, which may be rotated in any suitable manner. In order that any
gas evolved from the coal in the retort may not escape through the hopper, J, it
may be desirable to open communication between said hopper and the connection B,
as indicated at O.
The parts so far described may be of any usual convenient or ordinary con-
struction of gas plant, and I desire it to be understood that my invention is
not limited to the specific construction, location of details or arrangement
thereof.
As above stated, the oxidation of the carbon, the electro-chemical action of the
electrolyte, and the action of the cell is best effected under the influence of heat.
In the embodiment of any invention now being described, I arrange the carbon
holder, P, which forms the positive plate of the cell, adjacent to and in cum-
munication with the gas retort, A, and, preferably, at the end thereof farthest
removed and opposite to that end at which is located and arranged the hopper, J,
in order that the residue from the gas retort, after all the gas for illuminating or
other purposes has been baked out of or evolved from the original coal, thereby
leaving the same in the form of coke, may be pushed by the plunger L and its-
plunger rod M and the fresh coal from the retort into the other carbon holder of
the electric generating plant, while still in its heated condition, and, therefore,.

page_text: while in a condition best adapting the nascent oxygen of the electrolyte to attack
and oxidize the same, whereby the carbon will be vigorously and freely attacked,
thereby resulting in an efficient electric generation. From this it will be seen that
as fast as new coal is supplied to the gas retort to produce illuminating or heating
gas, the previously exhausted, that is, the coke product, which the new or fresh
coal replaces, is fed into the electric generating apparatus or carbon holder P,.
while still in its heated condition, there to be oxidized and consumed in the procers
of electric generation, as above described.
The necessary oxygen which is required to effect an oxidation of the carbon or
coke in the holder P, is supplied to the electrolyte in any suitable or convenient
manner, as, for instance, by arranging an air pump, R, for forcing a current of air
through connection S, into the negative plate P of the cell, and from which,
through the electro-chemical action, as ahove explained, the oxygen is progressively
transferred through the electrolyte Q, to the coke contained in the holder, P,
where it attacks and oxidizes such coke, the product of sich oxidation passing off
in the form of gases, and the result of such oxidation is the production of an
electrical pressure, which may be utilized by arranging any suitable translating
device in the circuit of the terminals of the cell.
A convenient method of maintaining the negative plate T of the cell, the
electrolyte Q and the coke contained in the holder P at the required degree of
temperature to secure the best possible results and in the most efficient and
economical manner is to pass the products of combustion from the furnace H, after
performing the work of baking the coal, in retort A through connection W, to the
vessel A, in which the negative element of the cell and the electrolyte are
contained.
It will be understood, of course, that the coke holder, P, of the electric generation
plant should be suitably insulated, as indicated at B', from the gas retort, in order
to prevent short-circuiting of the current generated.
It will also be understood that in case one electric generation plant is not
sufficient to consume or utilize continuously all the coke product of the gas retort,
several electric generation cells may be employed in connection and in conjunction
with the gas retort.
From the foregoing description it will be seen that I combine a gas generating
plant with an electric generating plant, wherein the gas generating plant may be
utilized for any purpose for which the gas is adapted, and the electric current
generated may, in similar manner, be utilized for any purpose for which it is
adapted, and the cost of electric generation is reduced to the lowest possible point
by utilizing the coke while in its heated condition for the electric generation and
by utilizing the heat products required for the gas generation to maintain the
electric generating cell or cells at the required degree of temperature for the most
effective results.
As above explained and pointed out, and as is well known to persons versed in
the art, an electrical pressure is established by immersing or partially immersing
a carbon plate and a plate of certain metallic oxides in a suitable electrolyte, and
when said plates are connected by an external conductor, a current of electricity
will flow. In such case, the oxygen of the metallic oxide plate is yielded up under
the influence of the electro-chemical action, thereby reducing such plate to a pure
metallic state, while the oxygen so yielded combines with the carbon through the
carrying electrolyte, producing carbonic acid gas and yielding electrical energy.
The use of the electrical energy thus produced in an external circuit, if contained
for a sufficient length of time, robs the metallic oxide plate of its store of oxygen
and, finally, the action of the battery ceases.
I have explained in the foregoing specification a method by which such ar
electric generating cell may be made continuous in action by supplying artificially
oxygen to the metallic plate to form an oxide thereof and by maintaining the
entire cell in a beated coudition. My discovery, however, goes further than this
I have found that by employing a metallic oxide plate of a porous or spongy

page_text: texture, through the pores of which fresh oxygen may be forced, the action of the
cell may be continuous as long as the oxygen of the cell is forced through the
pores of such metallic oxide plate in the presence of a suitable electrolyte and
without the employment of heat. Instead of employing a metallic oxide plate,
I have found that good results may be secured by employing a metallic plate which
is of a spongy or porous texture and which is not an oxile, but which, when oxygen
comes in contact therewith, immediately oxidizes and forms a spongy oxide. In
Sheet 3 I have shown an illustrative form of operative means embodying this
feature of my invention, and wherein reference sign A designates a suitable vessel,
adapted to receive and contain an electrolyte B, adapted to the purposes in view.
Any suitable electrolyte may be employed. I have found that an electrolyte
composed of a mixture of sulphuric acid and water will answer the purpose, but
I desire it to be understood that my invention is not limited thereto, as any
electrolyte capable of conveying oxygen electro-chemically from the negative to
the positive plate of the cell will answer the requirements. In the electrolyte B,
I immerse or partially immerse the carbon, C. For the negative plate of the cell
I employ a metallic oxide having a spongy or porous body, or I may employ a
spongy metal which is not an oxide, but which will be oxidized by passing oxygen
through the pores thereof. Any metal possessing these characteristics may be
employed for the negative plate of the cell. I have found that peroxide of lead
or that spongy metallic lead answers the purpose, but I do not confine or restrict
myself thereto.
When the plates D and C are immersed in the electrolyte and said plates are
coupled up electrically, it, will be found that a current of electricity is generated,
If the external circuit of the terminals of the cell remains close 1, however. for any
length of time, the negative plate of the cell will soon become exhausted of its
oxygen and will be reduced to a pure metallic state and the generation of
electricity will cease. In order that the cell may be continuous in its action and
in order that energetic generation of electricity may take place, I supply the
oxygen to the negative plate D of the cell artificially. This may be accomplished
by forcing the oxygen in any suitable form, as, for instance, air, through the pores
of the spongy mass of the negative element. The result of this is to convert the
metallic base of the negative plate into an oxide which readily yields its oxygep
to the electrolyte, and the oxygen thus derived or supplied to the negative plate
is transferred electro-chemically through the electrolyte to the carbon plate, each
molecule of the electrolyte, receiving the atom of oxygen from the next preceding
molecule, which originally received it from the oxide base of the negative plate,
and successively yielding the same to the succeeding molecules, until, finally, the
oxygen atom reaches the carbon plate, where it enters into.combination therewith,
thereby oxidizing the carbon and forming carbonic acid gas or carbonaceous oxide,
which passes off as a gap. The place of the atom of oxygen taken from the
negative plate and transferred electrolytically through the electrolyte to the
carbon plate where it enters into combination with the carbon is immediately taken
by a fresh atom of oxygen from the supply thereof being forced through the
pores of the spongy or porous negative plate. Of course, when. the circuit is
broken, the action above described is arrested and the generation ceases.
Thus it will be seen that continuous generation of electricity is effected without
loss to the negative plate or to the electrolyte and only at the expense of the
consumption of the carbon, which may be replaced by other carbon and the
operation continued. The oxygen, as air, may be supplied by pump, E, through a
suitable pipe, F, arranged to deliver the air to the negative plate B, of the cell.
The pump may be driven in any suitable manner, as by means of a motor, G,
arranged in the circuits of the terminals of plates D'and C. From this arrange-
ment it will be seen that when no current passes through the circuit, that is, for
instance, when the circuit is broken, the operation of the motor, G, ceases, and,
hence, the supply of air to the negative plate D of the cell is arrested; but when
B

page_text: more and more current is required by the translating device contained in the
external circuit, the motor, and hence, also, the pump, can be arranged to run
faster and faster in direct proportion to the amount of current required or utilized
by the translating device, so as to supply the extra or additional amount of oxygen
required.
A convenient and practical embodiment of my invention, wherein air or oxygen
may be readily supplied to the negative plate D, is to make said plate in the form
of a hollow cylinder, the pipe connection F communicating with the interior
thereof, and the walls of said hollow cylinder being composed of the porous or
spongy metallic material or porous or spongy metallic oxide, as above explained,
but, of course, said plate may be flat, spherical, or any other suitable shape, with
the pipe communication F delivering into the interior thereof. The carbon may
be of any suitable, convenient or desirable form. In Fig. 3, Sheet 1, I have
shown the carbon as a flat or round plate, but, if desired, the carbon may be
supplied in the ordinary lump or any other convenient form. In Fig. 2, Sheet &,
I have shown an arrangement of cell, wherein the carbon in the form of ordinary
coke may be shovelled into the cell as fast as it is consuined by the action of the
cell and its latent energy converted into electrical energy. In this arrangement
I provide the receptacle, A, with a spout or other suitably arranged opening, H,
into and through which the coke or other form of carbon may be introduced, and,
in order to form a suitable connection for the leading wire, or terminal of this
plate of the battery, I may line this spout or opening with a suitable conducting
material, J, to which the leading wire is connected. In Fig. 3, Sheet 3, I have
shown several cells embodying the principles of my invention, coupled up in series
for higher electro-motive force. In this arrangement the air pump delivery pipe, F,
is common to all of the cells and each has a short section of pipe, K, delivering
from the pipe, F, into the interior of the metallic plate, D, of the cell.
Of course, it will be understood that the air or oxygen pipo, F, and also, that the
vessel, A, must be of some insulating material, or else, said pipe, F, must be
-insulated.
It will be seen from the foregoing description that I produce an electric generating
battery, wherein I effect a complete conversion of the latent energy of carbon into
electrical energy by employing ordinary, cheap and abundant materials without
the employment of external heat to effect the required oxidation and conversion,
and that such conversion is effected without loss to the negative or metallic oxide
plate, without loss to the electrolyte employed and only at the expense of carbon
oxidation and consumption, which, when exhausted, may be readily and easily
renewed.
A generating cell or battery comprising several of such generating cells may be
employed for generating the current of electricity required for operating any
electrical translating device and in any situation where such a generated current
may be useful or desirable. Such a generating cell or battery is particularly
useful upon vehicles of all kinds, such as street cars, railroad trains, carriages,
bicycles, boats, and the like, for generating and supplying current to the driving
motor thereof, to the lighting apparatus, to the heating apparatus, signalling
apparatus, and the like, or for any other purpose, as may be desired. As an
illustrative form of arrangement, showing the adaption and application of my
invention in this direction, I have shown in the view of Sheet 4 a battery composed
of a number of cells, A, of the character hereinabove described, coupled up in
series to secure the desired electro-motive force and arranged in any suitable or
convenient manner upon the vehicle, B, say, for instance, a street car. C, designates
the carbon or positive plate, and D, the porous or spongy oxidizable or oxidized
-body forming the negative plate of the cell, say, for instance, spongy metallic lead,
or spongy peroxide of lead, and which may be formed into a hollow cylinder or
hollow flat or other shaped body, with the interior of which communicates a short
section of pipe, E, each pipe E conimunicating with but insulated from an air

page_text: delivery pipe, F, or air pump, G, suitably mounted on the vehicle, and suitably
actuated, as from an axle or other rotating part, H, for instance, through an
eccentric, J. Reference sign K designates a suitable or conveniently arranged
switch or controller, by which the circuit of the batteries is governed. Of course
it will be understood that, if desired, the pump, G, may be actuated from a motor
arranged in the circuit of the terminals of the battery.
In the particular form and arrangement illustrated in the drawing, I have shown
the battery as applied to the generation of current for the driving car motors, L, L,
but, of course, it will be readily seen that any desired or required translating
device may be arranged in the circuit of the terminal of the battery, and be
actuated by the current generated by such battery, such, for instance, as the
lighting, heating signalling apparatus and the like. The electrolyte, as above
explained, may be of any suitable material which possesses the capability of
transferring electro-chemically the oxygen from the negative plate to the positive
plate, such, for instance, as a mixture of sulphuric acid and water.
It will be seen that the principles of my invention may be applied to the
propulsion of carriages, boats, street cars, railroad cars and the like, and the
electrical energy generated in the battery may be applied to the lighting of bicycle
or carriage lamps, or the lighting, heating or other translating device or apparatus
employed on any kind of moving vehicles.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
olaim is:-
1. The method of converting the potential energy of carbon into electrical
energy, which consists in subjecting the carbon to the electro-chemical action
of oxygen through the negative plate of the cell; as and for the purpose set
forth.
2. The method of converting the potential energy of carbon into electrical
energy, which consists in subjecting the carbon to the electro-chemical action
of an electrolyte, capable of acting upon the carbon; as and for the purpose
set forth.
3. The method of converting the potential energy of carbon into electrical
energy, which consists in subjecting the carbon to the action of a decomposable
electrolyte, capable of acting upon the carbon; as and for the purpose set.
forth.
4. The method of converting the potential energy of carbon into electrical
energy, which consists in subjecting the carbon to the electro-chemical action of
an electrolyte, capable of acting upon said carbon in the presence of heat; as and
for the purpose set forth.
5. The method of converting the potential energy of carbon into electrical
energy, which consists in subjecting the carbon to the action of a decomposable
electrolyte and simultaneously therewith regenerating said electrolyte; as and for
the purpose set forth.
6. The method of converting the potential energy of carbon into electrical
energy, which consists in subjecting the carbon to the action of a decomposable
oxide and then supplying oxygen to said oxide to regenerate the same; as and for
the purpose set forth.
7. The method of converting the potential energy of carbon into electrical
energy, which consists in subjecting the carbon to the electro-chemical action of a
decomposable electrolyte, containing oxygen and capable of yielding its oxygen,
and then regenerating such oxide by the addition thereto of fresh oxygen; as and
for the purpose set forth.
8. The method of generating electricity from carbon, which consists in oxidizing
a negative plate in the presence of an electrolyte adapted to transfer the oxygen to
the carbon; as and for the purpose set forth."

page_text: 9. The method of generating electricity from carbon, which consists in forming
oxides of the negative plate, and then subjecting the carbon to the action of such
oxido; as and for the purpose set forth.
10. The method of converting the potential energy of carbon into electrical
energy, which consists in supplying oxygen to the negative plate to form an oxide
thereof, and then subjecting the carbon to the electro-chemical action of such
oxide; as and for the purpose set forth.
11. The method of converting the potential energy of carbon into electrical
energy, which consists in supplying air to the negative plate to form an oxide
thereof, and then subjecting the carbon to the electro-chemical action of such oxide
as and for the purpose set forth.
12. The method of converting the potential energy of carbon into electrical
energy, which consists in supplying blasts of air to the negative plate to form an
oxide thereof, and then subjecting the carbon to the electro-chemical action of such
oxide; as and for the purpose set forth.
13. The method of converting the potential energy of carbon into electrical
energy, which consists in forming an oxide from the negative plate of a cell and
subjecting the carbon to the action of such oxide, and maintaining the whole in a
heated condition; as and for the purpose set forth.
14. The method of converting the potential energy of carbon into electrical
energy, which consists in forming an oxide from the negative plate of a cell and
subjecting the carbon to the electro-chemical action of such oxide in the presence
of heat; as and for the purpose set forth.
15. The method of converting the potential energy of carbon into electrical
energy, which consists in supplying oxygen to the negative plate in the presence of
heat and then subjecting the carbon to the electro-chemical action of the resulting
oxide; as aud for the purpose set forth.
16. The method of converting the potential energy of carbon into electrical
energy, which consists in supplying oxygen in a heated condition to the negative
plate of a cell and then subjecting the carbon to the electro-chemical action of the
resulting oxide; as and for the purpose set forth.
17. The method of converting the potential energy of carbon into electrical
energy? which consists in maintaining the negative plate in molten condition, then
supplying oxygen thereto and finally subjecting the carbon to the electro-chemical
action of the resulting oxide; as and for the purpose set forth.
18. The method of converting the potential energy of carbon into electrical
energy, which consists in reducing the negative plate to molten state by subjecting
the same to hot air, and then subjecting the carbon to the electro-chemical action
of the resulting oxide; as and for the purpose set forth.
19. The method of converting the potential energy of carbon into electrical
energy, which consists in subjecting the negative plate to hot air, whereby it is
reduced to molten state and is oxidized, and then subjecting the carbon to the
electro-chemical action of such oxide; as and for the purpose set forth.
20. The method of converting the potential energy of carbon into electrical
energy, which consists in oxidizing lead and then subjecting the carbon to the
electro-chemical action of the lead oxide; as and for the purpose set forth.
21. An apparatus for converting the potential energy of carbon into electrical
energy, comprising the combination of a negative plate adapted to receive oxygen
and an electrolyte adapted to transfer the oxygen to the carbon; as and for the
purpose set forth.
22. As a generator of electricity, an oxidizable plate, a carbon plate and an
intervening electrolyte adapted to transfer electro-chemically the oxygen from such
oxidizable plate to the carbon plate; as and for the purpose set forth.
23. As a generator of electricity, an oxidizable plate and an intervening
molten mass or electrolyte, adapted to transfer electro-chemically the oxygen from
such oxidizable plate to the carbon; as and for the purpose set forth.

page_text: 24. As a generator of electricity, a lead plate, a carbon plate and an intervening
lead oxide, and means for supplying oxygen to said lead plate; as and for the
purpose set forth.
25. A combined gas and electric generation plant; as and for the purpose set
forth.
26. The combination of means for generating gas, of an electric generating
plant; as and for the purpose set forth.
27. In a combined gas and electric generation plant, a gas retort, a coke holder
adapted to receive the coke from such retort, and means for subjecting said coke
to the electro-chemical action of an electrolyte for the generation of electricity as
and for the purpose set forth.
28. In a combined gas and electric generation plant, a gas retort, adapted to
receive coal during the evolution of the gas therefrom, a carbon holder arranged
to receive the exhausted coal or coke from such retort, and means for subjecting,
under the influence of heat, such coke to the electro-chemical action of the electrolyte;
as and for the purpose set forth.
29. In a combined gas and electric generation plant, a gas retort adapted to
receive the coal, a coke holder arranged to receive the coke from such retort, and
means for subjecting the coke to the electro-chemical action of oxygen; as and for
the purpose set forth.
30. In a combined gas and electric generation plant, a retort, a coke holder
adapted to receive the coke from such retort, and means for subjecting such coke
to the electro-chemical action of an electrolyte containing an excess of oxygen;
as and for the purpose set forth.
31. In a combined gas and electric generation plant, a gas retort, means for
heating the same, a coke holder adapted to receive the coke from such retort, means
for subjecting such coke to the electro-chemical action of oxygen through an
electrolyte, and means for subjecting such electrolyte to the action of the products
of combustion employed to heat such retort; as and for the purpose set forth.
32. In a combined gas and electric generation plant, a gas retort, a furnace for
heating the same, a coke holder adapted to receive the coke from such retort,
means for subjecting such coke to the electro-chemical action of oxygen. through
an electrolyte, and means for subjecting such electrolyte to the action of the
products of combustion of such furnace; as and for the purpose set forth.
33. In a combined gas and electric generation plant, a gas retort, a coke holder
arranged to receive the coke from such retort while in its heated condition, and
means for subjecting said coke while in its heated condition to the electro-chemical
action of oxygen through an electrolyte; as and for the purpose set forth.
34. In a gas and electric generation plant, a gas retort, a coke holder arranged
in communication therewith, means for feeding the coke from such retort to such
holder, and means for subjecting said coke to the electro-chemical action of oxygen
through the electrolyte; as and for the purpose set forth.
35. In a combined gas and electric generation plant, a gas retort, means for
feeding coal thereto and simultaneously feeding the exhausted coal in the form of
coke therefrom, a holder adapted to receive said coke, and means for subjecting
said coke to the electro-chemical action of oxygen through an electrolyte ; as and
for the purpose set forth.
36. In a combined gas and generation plant, a gas retort, a coke holder com-
municating therewith, but insulated therefrom, and adapted to receive ooke
therefrom, and means for subjecting said coke, under the influence of heat, to the
electro-chemical action of oxygen through an electrolyte; as and for the purpose
set forth.
37. In a combined gas and generation plant, a gas retort, a furnace for heating
the same, a coke holder communicating with but insulated from said retort, a
vessel containing an electrolyte, and a negative plate arranged to receive said
carbon holder, and means for subjecting said negative plate and electrolyte to the

page_text: action of the products of combustion of said furnace; as and for the purpose set
forth.
38. In a combined gas and electric generation plant, a gas retort, a furnace for
heating the same, a coke holder arranged in communication with but insulated from
said retort, and adapted to receive coke therefrom, a vessel adapted to receive a
negative plate and an electrolyte, a portion of said coke holder immersed in such
electrolyte, means for subjecting said negutive plate and electrolyte to the action of.
the products of combustion of said furnace, and means for supplying oxygen to
said negative plate; as and for the purpose set forth.
39. A method which consists in heating coal to form gas, then treating the coke
resulting from such gas production, and while in its heated condition, to the
electro-chemical action of oxygen through an electrolyte; as and for the purpose
set forth.
40. The method which consists in subjecting coal to heat to produce gas, and
then subjecting the coke or residue of such gas production, while in its heated.
state, to the electro-chemical action of oxygen through an electrolyte which is
maintained in a molten state; as and for the purpose set forth.
41. The method of generating electricity from carbon, which consists in oxidizing
a negative plate in the presence of an electrolyte adapted to transfer the oxygen
to the carbon without the application of heat; as and for the purpose set
forth.
42. The method of generating electricity from carbon, which consists in forming
oxides without heat of the negative plate and then subjecting the carbon to the
action of such oxide; as and for the purpose set forth.
43. The method of generating electricity from carbon, which consists in forcing
oxygen through the pores of a porous oxidizable plate in the presence of an
electrolyte adapted to transfer the oxygen to the carbon; as and for the purpose
set forth.
44. The method of generating electricity from carbon, which consists in immersing,
the carbon, and a porous or spongy oxidizable metal in a suitable electrolyte,
and then forcing oxygen through the pores of said metal; as and for the purpose
set forth.
45. The method of generating electricity from carbou, which consists in forcing
air through the pores of a porous oxidizable plate in the presence of an
electrolyte adapted to transfer the oxygen to the carbon; as and for the purpose
set forth.
46. The method of generating electricity from carbon, which consists in forcing
air through the pores of a spongy lead in the presence of an electrolyte adapted to
transfer the oxygen to the carbon; as and for the purpose set forth.
47. The method of generating electricity from carbon, which consists in forcing
air through the pores of a spongy lead oxide in the presence of an electrolyte
adapted to transfer the oxygen to the carbon; as and for the purpose set
forth.
48. The method of generating electricity from carbon, which consists in forcing
oxygen through the pores of a spongy or porous oxidizable metal in the presence
of an electrolyte adapted to transfer the oxygen to the carbon, the amount of
oxygen thus forced through such oxidizable metal being proportioned to the amount
of current required; as and for the purpose set forth.
49. The combination in a generating cell with carbon plate and an electrolyte,
of a porous oxidizable metallic plate, and means for forcing oxygen through the
pores of said plate; as and for the purpose set forth.
50. The combination with a porous or spongy mass of metal, comprising the
negative plate of the cell, carbon, and an intervening electrolyte, of a pump arranged
to deliver air through the pores of said negative plate; as and for the purpose
.set forth.
51. The combination of a hollow body of porous or spongy oxidizable metal,
comprising the negative plate of the cell, a carbon positive element and an

page_text: intervening electrolyte, of means for delivering air to the interior of said negative
plate; as and for the purpose set forth.
52. The combination with a body of porous or spongy oxidizable metal, forming.
the negative element of the cell, a carbon positive element and an intervening
electrolyte, of means for delivering air through the pores of said negative element
in proportion to the amount of current required to be generate:l; as and for the
purpose set forth.
53. The combination with a body of spongy lead, a carbon element, and an
intervening electrolyte, of means for delivering air through the pores of said.
spongy lead; as and for the purpose set forth.
54. The combination with a body of spongy or porous oxidizable metallic
element, a carbon element and an intervening electrolyte, of a pump arranged to
deliver air through the pores of said metallic element, and a motor arranged in the
circuit of the terminals of said elements for actuating said pump; as and for the
purpose set forth.
55. The combination of carbon or carbonaceous material forming the negative-
plate, a suitable electrolyte, and a metallic positive plate arranged to receive
oxygen from an external source, whereby electrical energy may be produced by the
oxidation of the carbon; as and for the purpose set forth.
56. The combination with a vehicle, translating devices mounted thereon,
generating cells adapted to convert the latent energy of carbon into electrical
energy, mounted on said vehicle, and means for supplying said cells with oxygen ;.
as and for the purpose set forth.
57. The combination with a vehicle, of a generating battery mounted thereon.
and comprising a carbon positive plate and a negative plate of spongy or porous.
texture, and an electrolyte adapted to transfer oxygen from said negative to said
carbon plate, a translating device carried by said vehicle, and a pump also carried
by said vehicle, and means for actuating said pump for delivering oxygen to said
porous or spongy negative plate; as and for the purpose set forth.
58. The combination with a vehicle, of a generating cell carried thereby,.
comprising a carbon positive plate and a metallic negative plate of oxidizable
material, and an electrolyte adapted to transfer oxygen from said negative plate to
said carbon, translating devices carried by said vehicle and arranged in the circuit
of the terminal of said cell, a pump carried by said vehicle, means for actuating
Baid pump, whereby air is delivered to said negative plate, and a switch arranged
to control said circuit; as and for the purpose set forth.
59. The combination with a vehicle, of a generating cell carried thereby,
comprising a carbon element and a spongy lead element, and an electrolyte of
water and sulphuric acid, translating devices arranged in the circuit of the
terminals of said cell, an air pump carried by said vehicle and arranged to pump-
air through said spongy lead element, and means for actuating said pump; as and
for the purpose set forth.
60. The combination with a vehicle, of a cell carried thereby, comprising a.
carbon elenient and a spongy or porous metallic element, and an electrolyte, an air
pump carried by said vehicle, and having a delivery pipe communicating with said
metallic element, means for actunting said pump, translating devices carried by the
vehicle and arranged in the circuit of the terminals of said elements, and a switch.
arranged to control said circuit; as and for the purpose set forth.
61. The combination with a vehicle, of a series of cells carried thereby, each.
comprising a carbon element and a metallic element, and an intervening electrolyte,
au air pump carried by said vehicle, a delivery pipe therefor, common to all of said
cells and arranged to force air to the metallic element in each of said cells,
translating devices carried by the vehicle and arranged in the circuit of the
terminals of said battery, and a switch arranged to control said circuit; as and for
the purpose set forth.
62. The combination with a car, driving motors therefor, and means carried by
the car for generating and supplying current to said driving motor, comprising a

page_text: cell or cells having carbon elements and an intervening electrolyte, an air pump
carried by the car and arranged to deliver air to the metallic element, and means
for actuating said pump; as and for the purpose set forth.
UKT.
Witnesses :-
EDWIN F. SARGENT.
MARCELLUS A. KENSINger.
Haseltine, Lake & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.