matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
JMPROVEMENT IN THE PREPARATION OF ZINC WHITE, APPLICABLE ALSO TO WHITE LEAD AND TO SULPHATE OF BARYTES OBTAINED BY PRECIPITATION."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Benjamin Freeman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th December 1879.
"AN
JOSEPH BENJAMIN FREEMAN, of Tottenham, in the County of Middlesex.
JMPROVEMENT IN THE PREPARATION OF ZINC WHITE, APPLICABLE ALSO TO WHITE
LEAD AND TO SULPHATE OF BARYTES OBTAINED BY PRECIPITATION."
My Invention relates to an improvement in the preparation of zinc white,
applicable also to carbonate of lead or white lead and to sulphate of barytes,
obtained by precipitation, whereby the density of the said products is more than
doubled, and they are consequently much improved for use in paints. Zinc white
as is well known is used as a substitute for white lead in paints, but although
superior to white lead in whiteness and permanency of color and free from the
poisonous qualities for which white lead is so objectionable, the employment of zinc
white for this purpose is considerably restricted owing to its deficiency of "body,"
in consequence of which it does not cover well, a defect which has never been
entirely removed. Now by my Invention the density of zinc white is increased to
such an extent that when used as a pigment or as the basis for paints, it exhibits as
much or more body and therefore covers quite as well as, or better than the best
white lead produced by the Dutch method, for which it therefore forms an admirable
substitute having none of the objectionable qualities of the latter. My Invention
consists in subjecting zinc white (whether obtained by distillation or by exposing
inetallic zinc to superheated steam, or by precipitation from a salt of zinc in
solution or in any other way) to a crushing or combined crushing and grinding
action, such as that produced by heavy edge runners or any other form of mill,
whereby the particles or crystals are crushed and reduced to a still finer state of
division. The product of the operation is a zinc white having a density hitherto
unattainable and therefore eminently adapted for use in paints. The same process
is applicable for and produces analogous results upon artificial sulphate of barytes
and white lead produced in the way above mentioned which does not possess as
much body or afford such good covering properties as white lead produced by the
Dutch method until treated by my process, by which it is made to equl or even
excll the best white lead.
AN IMPROVED PERPETUAL ADVERTISING APPARATUS."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th August 1879. A communication
from abroad by Jules Georges Louis Jullien, of Marseilles, France.
"
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent.
AN IMPROVED PERPETUAL ADVERTISING APPARATUS." [A
communication from abroad by Jules Georges Louis Jullien, of Marseilles, France.]
This Invention relates to an improved apparatus consisting of a perpetual
advertising frame, in which a collection of detachable notices or cards are arranged
in regular lines or series, varying in number with the size of the frame and of the
advertising cards. The essential feature of novelty consists in providing each
advertising space or compartment with a packet or bundle of slips or cards like
those of calendars, so that the notices can not only be read off in the frame, but any
person may readily tear off or detach the uppermost slip or card of the packet if
desired for future reference. The Invention consists therefore in the novel
application of the mode of making calenders for advertising purposes. The packets
of advertisements may be mounted in any suitable manner in this improved
advertising frame, a face view of which, bearing rows of detachable advertising
notices is shown in the accompanying Drawing. On the right hand of the Figure
are also shown two examples on a larger scale of the mode of securing the packets
of slips or cards by means of a metal band along their top edge, a spring being also
provided to press upon and keep the slips in place, while allowing of their being
readily detached one at a time as desired. Intead of securing the packets of slips
in the above manner, they may be united by thin paper pasted against their edges,
as in the case of the calendars before alluded to, or they may be otherwise attached
to the tablet or frame. The advertising slips may consist of white or colored paper
or of any vegetable or animal material, or of metal, and the advertisements may be
printed in black or colors or upon a white or colored ground, and in several languages.
Each frame may contain from one to one hundred different advertisement packets,
each packet being devoted to one particular name, address, or article of manufacture.
To facilitate reference, the advertisements may be arranged in alphabetical order,
and in some cases they may be folded when too large for the space allotted to each,
or different sized spaces may be provided to suit different advertisements. Each
compartment of the frame should have permanently affixed the same advertisement

page_text: as that contained in the superposed packet of slips to be detached one by one by the
public, so that when the supply is exhausted the advertisement will still appear in
the frame until a fresh packet of slips is provided, and thus avoid loss to the
advertiser. The spaces between the blocks of advertising cards or slips, may be
utilized for references or for explaining this improved system of advertising.
IN RAILWAY CHAIRS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Charles Winby at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th July 1879.
"IMPROVEMENTS
FREDERICK CHARLES WINBY, of Nottingham, Civil Engineer.
IN RAILWAY CHAIRS."
This Invention relates to the production of a strong and efficient chair applicable
as well as a joint chair as an ordinary or intermediate chair.
In carrying out my Invention I prepare a malleable chair with an extended base
so as to give great stability, and I make that part of the chair which fits or
embraces the portion of the rail from the base to the underside of the head to fit
accurately to the shape of the base and the web and the underside of the head of
the rail. In fitting the rail to the chair it is necessary therefore to slide the rail
through the open space in the chair left for it, the effect being that the chair is held
in its position with great security, the rail and chair when fastened together by a
bolt passing through both chair and rail, being in fact almost as firmly held together
as if the two were formed from one piece of metal.
ELECTRICAL LIGHT APPARATUS."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Lonis Parairo at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th January 1879.
EDWARD LOUIS PARAIRE, of 36, Mornington Crescent, Regent's Park, in the
County of Middlesex, Architect and Civil Engineer.
ELECTRICAL LIGHT APPARATUS."
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN
To produce an uniform motion, by which the carbon or other materials used in
combustion or in the production of the electric-light may be elevated, depressed, or
otherwise actuated upon, so that one or more carbons or other materials may be
brought in contact, or their respective positions regulated. To effect this object the
carbon or other materials is actuated by any element of greater specific gravity
than itself, the difference in the gravity producing a power or force actuating the
carbon or other material to be consumed for or in the production of the electric
light; to this effect mercury is one of the elements employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE AND CLOSING OF METALLIC VESSELS FOR PRESERVING FRUITS, MEAT, FISH, AND OTHER FOOD
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Wallis Nash, of 12, Queen Street, Cheapside, in the City
CONTAINING AND
of London, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE AND CLOSING OF METALLIC VESSELS FOR
PRESERVING FRUITS, MEAT, FISH, AND OTHER FOOD."
aled the 17th October 1879, and dated the 12th April 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Wallis Nash at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th April 1879.
WALLIS NASH, of 12, Queen Street, Cheapside, in the City of London, Gentle-
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND CLOSING OF METALLIC VESSELS
FOR CONTAINING AND PRESERVING FRUITS, MEAT, FISH, AND OTHER FOOD."
man.
This Invention retates to the manufacture and closing of vessels for containing
fruits, meat, fish, and other food.
•
I prepare the vessels from one sheet of charcoal iron by punching or other
suitable means, and I prepare the cover in the same manner, the junction of the
two being formed by Dolby's method of hermetical closing, or some modification of
it, by employing some other elastic medium, as gum, wax, or varnish in thick
solutions in place of the india rubber washer.
The novelty of the Invention consists in using cans made solid without any seam,
the cover being hermetically closed by the gummy, resinous, or adhesive mixtures
as described, and in the use of the hermetical closing of the cover by the adhesive
mixtures.
All these are new and very important as applied to vessels to contain and
preserve food.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LINK CHAINS, AND IN THE APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Charles Henderson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd July 1879. A communi-
cation from abroad by Auguste Glattard, Mechanician, of the City of Paris, in
the Republic of France.
ARTHUR CHARLES HENDERSON, of 6, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LINK CHAINS,
AND IN THE APPARATUS THEREFOR." A communication from abroad by Auguste
Glattard, Mechanician, of the City of Paris, in the Republic of France.
The chains referred to are metal wire chains, the links being made by a machine
consisting of a frame supporting a main and crank handled shaft, on which is
mounted the principal toothed wheel gearing with a pinion borne on an axis above
it. On this same axis is another pinion communicating motion to the axes of three
other pinions. Screw threaded shafts with adjusting nuts admit of displacing and
regulating these axes.
The principal or link forming piece is actuated by three toothed wheels, between
which it is interposed. This link former is in two parts, made solid by two pro-
jections on its nave, and two cheeks with which this piece is furnished gear with
the toothed wheels referred to, and leave between them at the bottom a flat or bent
throat or gorge.
The last link formed is embraced successively by the two parts of the link former
in passing it through the space with which their naves are provided. The link is
then suspended to the link former, which is led between the wheels actuating it by
raising an axis, which is afterwards allowed to fall. The metal thread is then
attached to the link former, and on turning the crank handle it is wound round the
throat or gorge of the link forming piece till the link is formed, which latter is
bound at as many points as may be required; it is then on its turn embraced by
the link former for making the next link, and so on in succession.
The links may be made round, oval, square, rectangular, or otherwise shaped by
giving the gorge of the link former the requisite form.
The manufacture may be carried on either hot or cold, and when completed the
chains may be galvanized, tinned, leaded, gilt, silvered, or nickled.
A NEW EXPLOSIVE MATTER AND METHOD FOR USING THE SAME
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Pieper at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd October 1879. A communication from
Albert Hellhoff, Artillery Officer, of Mayence, Grand Duchy of Hesse.
CARL PIEPER, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, of 74, Belle-Alliance-Strasse,
Berlin, S.W., Prussia. "A NEW EXPLOSIVE MATTER AND METHOD FOR USING
THE SAME." A communication from Albert Hellhoff, Artillery Officer, of Mayence,
Grand Duchy of Hesse.
This Invention relates, firstly, to a certain class of explosive compounds formed
by mixing together nitric acid with any nitro-derivate of naphtaline, phenole,
toluole, benzole, or xylole; and, secondly, to a mode of keeping these substances
ready for use in such a manner that they cannot mix with each other before the
moment when they are to do service..
When any one of the said nitro-derivates (which may be mono-, or bi-, or tri-
nitrates, or any other combination of the radical with the acid) is mixed in due
proportion with nitric acid, a compound of a highly explosive power and a so-called
brisant effect, similar to that of pure nitro-glycerine, is formed.
The method for keeping the constituents of the compound ready for use without
becoming mixed before the proper moment, is as follows:-
The two substances are each introduced into a bottle of glass, porcelain, or other
sufficiently brittle material, and these bottles are enclosed in a case of convenient
shape made of metal, wood, or other more resistant material than the former.
When the explosive compound is to be formed, the case is opened and put into its
place, and the bottles are broken by plunging a rod into them, or in any other
convenient manner. The explosive matter thus produced is then fired by a fuze,
which may have a primer attached to it, or by other suitable means.
Instead of two different bottles a single bottle may be used provided with a
fragile partition, or the outer case may be constructed with a partition of this
nature. Large quantities of the substances may be divided in a number of bottles
enclosed in one case.
Instead of but one of the nitrates named, two or more of them may be applied
together, and a part of the acid may be mixed with the nitrate or nitrates.
MENTS IN OARS AND SCULLS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Orby Cecil Mootham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd October 1879.
ORBY CECIL MOOTHAM, of Bournemouth, in the County of Hants.
MENTS IN OARS AND SCULLS."
"IMPROVE-
The improvements consist in a new mode of attaching the button to the wooden
body of oars or sculls. Instead of driving the nails with which the said button is
usually fastened to the oar into or through the wood, I rivet the button upon a
sheet of brass or other suitable material, which is then bent round so as to form a
sleeve or curved plate enclosing a part of the circumference of the oar, said plate
being covered by a sheet of leather or other suitable material which completely
encircles the oar, projects at both ends over the metal sleeve and is attached to the
oar by small nails or in any other suitable known way. As material for the
rivets and nails I prefer to use copper, while the button itself may be of
leather.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC PIPES OR TUBES, AND APPARATUS THEREFOR.
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samson Fox at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd January 1879.
SAMSON Fox, of the Leeds Forge Company, Limited, Leeds, in the County of
York, Engineer and Ironmaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
METALLIC PIPES OR TUBES, AND APPARATUS THEREFOR.'
גי
My Invention of improvements in the manufacture of metallic pipes or tubes and
apparatus therefor relates to the rolling or forming of metallic pipes or tubes out of
solid rings or blooms of metal in such manner that the said rings or blooms may in
the process of manufacture into pipes or tubes be increased in length as well as in
diameter.
For this purpose I use a pair of suitably driven rolls. The ring or bloom of
metal is placed over one roll of the pair, which roll I will call the interior roll, as it
acts on the interior of the ring or bloom, whilst the other, which I will call the
exterior roll, acts on the exterior of the ring or bloom.
The rolling process is cominenced with the axis of the exterior roil crossing at an
angle that of the interior roll, so that the exterior roll acts on a portion of the ring
or bloom intermediate between its extremities.
As the rolling process proceeds the exterior roll is caused to gradually assume
different angles in relation to the interior roll and finally to attain a position
wherein the axes of the two rolls are parallel. The effect of this change of position
is to gradually elongate the ring or bloom. In order that the rings or blooms of
metal may be readily placed in position over the interior roll, that roll is mounted
in three (or more) bearings, one of which bearings at the end of the said roll is
made in parts capable of being moved away from the axis of the roll. By this
arrangement when a ring or bloom is to be placed into position for being operated
upon, the said end bearing is removed so as to leave the one end of the roll free,
the roll being meanwhile retained by the other bearings in its normal position, the
ring or bloom is placed on the said roll which it surrounds, one lateral portion of
the ring or bloom being situate between the two rolls so that it will be in a position
to be operated upon (when the rolls are set in motion) on the inner surface by the
3071

page_text: interior roll, and on the outer surface by the exterior rolls, the ring or bloom having
been thus passed over the free end of the one roll, the bearing of that end is replaced
so as to properly support the roll, and the rolling operation may be commenced.
The exterior roll is caused to approach the interior roll with sufficient force to give
effect to the rolling process.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPARATUS FOR FILTERING SEWAGE AND OTHER FOUL LIQUIDS, ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER FILTERING PURPOSES." PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Wild, of Littleborough, in the County of Lancaster,
and Henry Ledger, of Leek, in the County of Stafford, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPARATUS FOR FILTERING SEWAGE AND OTHER FOUL
LIQUIDS, ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER FILTERING PURPOSES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Wild and Henry
Ledger at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st August
1879.
ROBERT WILD, of Littleborough, in the County of Lancaster, and HENRY
LEDGER, of Leek, in the County of Stafford. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPARATUS
FOR FILTERING SEWAGE AND OTHER FOUL LIQUIDS, ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER
FILTERING PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to a novel method of and apparatus for treating sewage
and other foul liquids so as to filter or purify the same, and consists in mixing the
same with suitable precipitates and then passing the mixture through suitable
settling and filtering beds, and finally through a cellular filtering apparatus, as
hereinafter described.
-
In carrying out our Invention we pass the liquid requiring to be filtered into a
metal box in which it becomes mixed with lime and alumn, either in the solid
form or in solution, or with chalk or other suitable precipitating material, and there
overflows into a chamber where it is agitated by one or more agitators. From
this agitating chamber the mixed liquid so treated flows over an inclined surface,
upon which any suitable filtering material is placed into a passage leading to the
lower part of a second filtering chamber in which the filtering material is lying
upon a perforated grating, and through which material the liquid ascends and then
overflows or descends through the filtering material contained in a similar manner
in a third filtering chamber, and from whence it escapes upwards through a fourth
filtering chamber, and is there delivered into our improved cellular filter, which is
also applicable for other filtering purposes, consists of a series of vertical cells
.

page_text: arranged in parallel directions and communicating together alternately at the top
and bottom; these cells are each provided with a pair of grids or gratings, between
which the filtering material, consisting by preference of carbon and gravel, is placed.
At the bottom of each lower grating both in this and the previously described
apparatus is a settling chamber, and an opening provided with a clack or other
valve for obtaining access to such chamber for cleaning purposes, these valves being
capable of opening singly or altogether simultaneously by being geared with a
worm working into a worm shaft.
We construct the apparatus herein before described of. brick, stone, earthenware,
iron, or other suitable material, and prefer to have the first named apparatus in
duplicate so as to use the one whilst the other is being cleansed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF GLASS-WARE HAVING ORNAMENTATIONS, DEVICES, OR DESIGNS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th July 1879. A communication
from abroad by Achille Lemaire, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF GLASS-WARE HAVING
ORNAMENTATIONS, DEVICES, OR DESIGNS." [A communication from abroad by
Achille Lemaire, of Paris, in the Republic of France.]
This Invention relates to a process for producing in the interior of the glass
ornamentations, devices, or designs of any required description, shape, and size,
which shall not be liable to be affected by friction, or atmospheric influences, or by
the cleaning of the article.
The
In carrying out this Invention as applied to the production of glass articles with
coloured designs; it is proposed to paint the design upon a "show" or blown piece,
which heretofore has only served in glass making as a trial piece to ascertain the
color of the glass, the "show" being obtained and annealed by ordinary means,
and the design being applied in vitrifiable colors when the "show" is cold.
show thus ornamented is next annealed, and it is then plunged into a bath of
molten glass and allowed to remain therein for a sufficient time, in order to become
covered with a layer of the said glass, and to admit of the "show" being blown for
the preparation of the article required. The design is thus applied to the "show"
when in its miniature condition, and by and during the process before referred to
the "show" is enlarged and with it the internal design, until the size of the
required finished article is attained.
In lieu of painting the designs on the "shows" in colours they may be cut,
engraved, or moulded, or applied by galvanic or photographic agency, or by the aid
of hydrofluoric acid, or cameos may be set in the "show," and these processes may
be employed either alone or in any suitable combination, the "show" being then
plunged into bath of molten glass and blown as before.
In the case of lamp glasses and the like, for the sake of economy, a show may be
prepared of uncoloured or white glass, and then covered with a layer of the

page_text: requisite color, and this in its turn may be covered with an external layer of
uncoloured glass, the article being then blown as before.
By means of this Invention any required ornamentation, device, or design, either-
in brilliant and variegated colors or uncolored may be obtained, whilst by reason of
such ornamentation, device, or design, being in the interior of the glass, it is not 5
susceptible of any change from external influences.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BUTT AND OTHER HINGES MADE FROM WROUGHT IRON OR OTHER ROLLED METALS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Jones at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st January 1879.
THOMAS JONES, of Sedgley, in the County of Stafford, Builder.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BUTT AND OTHER HINGES MADE FROM WROUGHT IRON OR
OTHER ROLLED METALS."
The iron or other metal from which the hinges are to be made is rolled with
a thickened or enlarged part of the required section along one edge to form tho
metal for the joint or eye. Lengths are cut off from the bar, rolled as aforesaid
in the ordinary manner or by means of cutters or dies upon the rolls, the said
cutters or dies either cutting off the lengths or making indents in the bar, so as
to render the subsequent cutting off by ordinary means easier. The screw holes
are drilled in the ordinary manner, or are partially pressed through by means of
dies upon the rolls, and afterwards drilled. The joint is formed by cutting out
parts as required from the thickened part aforesaid, by means of circular saws
and a press, or by any suitable means. The hole for the hinge-pin is drilled and
countersunk at each end, and the pin is rivetted up at each end. The hinge is
then finished in the usual manner.
Tee and other hinges having an extension to one or both flaps have the joint and
flaps made as before described. The extended parts of such hinges are welded
to the flaps.
Hinges made as before-described are much stronger than hinges made in the
usual manner.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN LOCK NUTS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Druitt Halpin, of 7, Thornfield Road, Shepherd's Bush,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOCK NUTS."
Sealed the 8th June 1880, and dated the 10th December 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Druitt Halpin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th December 1879.
DRUITT HALPIN, of 7, Thornfield Road, Shepherd's Bush, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCK NUTS."
The object of my Invention is to make a nut that will not shake loose; to
accomplish this I cut one or more slots across the top and into the body of an
ordinary nut; the top part of the nut is then closed reducing the diameter of the
upper part of the hole which has previously been formed and tapped to less
than that of the bolt. When the nut is screwed onto the bolt the portion thus
formed into elastic jaws grips the bolt tightly and prevents the nut working
loose.
By preference I make the nut rather deeper than the usual dimensions, and in
some cases I make the portion of the nut forming the elastic gripping jaws of less
substance than the body of the nut.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Druitt Halpin in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 8th June
1880.
DRUITT HALPIN, of 7, Thornfield Road, Shepherd's Bush, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCK NUTS."
The object of my Invention is to make a nut that will not shake loose; to
accomplish this I cut or saw one or more slots across the top and into the body
of an ordinary nut, as shewn in elevation at Figs. 1 and 2, the upper part of the
nut being slotted across at a, a. After tapping the nut I close in its upper slotted
part, so that the hole is at that part less than the bolt. This closing in may be
effected by squeezing in a vice or press, or by blows of a hammer. When the nut
is screwed on the bolt the portion thus squeezed in forms elastic jaws, which grip
the bolt tightly and prevent the nut from working loose. By preference, I make
the nut of somewhat more than the usual depth so as to provide sufficient strength
and also to have a sufficient length of gripping jaws. The nut may have several
slots cut in it as shewn in Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, representing hexagonal and square
nuts, and the slotted upper part constituting the gripping jaws may be made
somewhat less in substance than the body of the nut, as shown in Figs. 8 and 9.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I claim.-Rendering an ordinary nut operative as a lock
nut by slotting across and closing in its upper part so that it grips the bolt on
which it is screwed, substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Druitt Halpin, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Fifth day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and eighty.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SAWING OR CUTTING TIMBER AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Kennan at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th December 1879.
JAMES KENNAN, Mechanical Engineer, of No. 19, Fishamble St., in the City of
Dublin, Ireland. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SAWING OR CUTTING
TIMBER AND OTHER MATERIALS."
I place the timber or other material to be cut upon a cross frame or other
support of any well known construction. A crank shaft fitted with a pulley or
other device to receive rotary motion from a prime mover is placed so that by
means of a connecting rod the revolution of the crank pin shall actuate a vibrating
arm mounted upon a centre or fulcrum shaft placed at right angles to the plane in
which the timber or material is to be cut. I mount another vibrating arm so that it
can be moved freely side by side of the arm first mentioned, and so also that they
may be coupled together at pleasure by a catch or other equivalent means, and then
they act together as one lever or arni. The connecting rod from the crank before
mentioned is attached to one of the vibrating arins near its free end, and the saw
or cutting blade is connected to the free end of the other vibrating arm or lever by
a joint, so that when the vibrating arms, being coupled together by the catch piece,
are actuated by the crank motion, the saw or cutting blade traverses backwards
and forwards, but its point is free to descend as the material is cut through; the
catch piece is so arranged that the two vibrating arms may be readily coupled
together or disconnected from one another without stopping the crank motion.
AN IMPROVED METHOD. OF AND APPARATUS FOR ATTACHING BODIES OR ARTICLES TO SUBMERGED OR PARTIALLY SUBMERGED BODIES OR STRUCTURES
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Wilden King, of No. 21, St. Swithin's Lane, in
the City of London, Engineer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED METHOD.
OF AND APPARATUS FOR ATTACHING BODIES OR ARTICLES TO SUBMERGED OR
PARTIALLY SUBMERGED BODIES OR STRUCTURES."
Sealed the 4th November 1879, and dated the 12th August 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Wilden King at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th August 1879.
CHARLES WILDEN KING, of No. 21, St. Swithin's Lane, in the City of London,
Engineer. "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR ATTACHING BODIES
OR ARTICLES TO SUBMERGED OR PARTIALLY SUBMERGED BODIES OR STRUCTURES."
My Invention relates to a novel method of and apparatus for attaching bodies
or articles, such as pontoons, pontoon fastenings, or moorings, or attachments,
drilling, or other like apparatus or machinery to submerged, or partly submerged.
bodies or structures.
The apparatus consists of a cup shaped vessel provided with a suitable packing
of india rubber, felt, or like material, so that a joint can be made between the said
vessel and the submerged or partly submerged body or structure to which it has
to be attached. The vessel is attached to the submerged or partly submerged body
or structure by exhausting the air and water from the interior of the vessel after
it is in position, so that the external pressure due to the weight of the atmosphere'
or head of water in which the said body or structure is submerged, or partly sub-
merged, will be exerted to keep it in its place. In connection with this cup shaped
vessel there may be attached articles, such as drilling or boring apparatus, which
apparatus can be placed in position and worked under water by means of com-
pressed air or hydraulic power, and attached to the body or structure on which it
is to operate by creating a vacuum in the cup shaped vessel, which is provided
with suitable pipes and cocks for connection to an air pump or exhauster by which
the vacuum is created.

page_text: 5
air pump such as E, an engine such as H, and a drill holder such as J, the whole
arranged in relation part to part, as herein described and as shown in the accom-
panying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Wilden King, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eleventh day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
CHARLES WILDEN KING. (LS.)
IMPROVED MEANS OF CLOSING OR STOPPERING BOTTLES TO FACILITATE DRAWING OFF THE CONTENTS THEREOF.
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hyde Bateman at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th September 1879.
HYDE BATEMAN, of Stoke Newington, in the County of Middlesex. " IMPROVED
MEANS OF CLOSING OR STOPPERING BOTTLES TO FACILITATE DRAWING OFF THE
CONTENTS THEREOF.
My Invention is designed more especilly to be applied to bottles containing
aerated liquids, although it is applicable also to bottles generally, and it has for its
object to securely close the bottle against any escape of the liquid, while at same
time facilitating the opening of the bottle, and so controlling the escape of the
liquid that so much only as is required may be drawn off without allowing the gas
to escape from the remainder.
My Invention consists in a one way plug or stop cock passing transversely
through the neck of the bottle, and through a lining of cork or other material
within the neck. The plug works in a suitable socket formed for its reception in a
boss on the bottle neck, and fits tightly in the holes in the cork lining, through
which it passes so as to prevent any leakage at this point; the cork serving as a
packing for the socket of the plug, which does not therefore need to be ground in.
The cork lining is driven tightly into the mouth of the bottle to prevent any escape
of gas. As the cork lining contracts the bore of the neck the plug need only be of
sufficient diameter to effectually close the thoroughfare through the cork when
turned off.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AQUATIC TOYS MECHANICALLY PADDLING ON THE WATER AND SIMULATING THE MOVEMENTS OF CAPTAIN BOYTON, THE MECHANISM EFFECTING SUCH MOVEMENTS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO INDUSTRIAL PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Charles Henderson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd November 1879. A
communication from abroad by Gaston Donnezan and Albert Fouquart, both
of the City of Paris, in the Republic of France.
ARTHUR CHARLES HENDERSON, of 6, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the County
of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AQUATIC TOYS MECHANICALLY PADDLING ON THE
WATER AND SIMULATING THE MOVEMENTS OF CAPTAIN BOYTON, THE MECHANISM
EFFECTING SUCH MOVEMENTS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO INDUSTRIAL PURPOSES."
A communication from abroad by Gaston Donnezan and Albert Fouquart, both of
the City of Paris, in the Republic of France.
This Invention consists of mechanism capable of producing movements
analogous to those of paddling, and is consequently applicable to aquatic toys,
or paddlers imitating as example the movements of Captain Boyton of universal
fame.
Between two plates forming a frame a barrel spring is placed, a toothed wheel
fixed to this governs a pinion and toothed wheel in connection therewith; this
latter wheel actuates a second pinion fixed on a bent shaft, the ends of the bends
of this shaft are connected by small shafts to a paddle which oscillates from its
centre on a spindle fixed to a metal piece connected to the frame, comprising the
two plates.
By the bent form of the shaft and the mode of articulating it to the paddle in
conjunction with the central pivoting guide of the paddle, the rotary motion of the
bent shaft is transformed into complex movements, which impart to the paddle
evolutions similar to those of the ordinary paddle. This mechanism may be placed
in a canoe of proportions in accordance with those of the clockwork; and as
arranged in a small figure representing Captain Boyton, the movements of the
latter are faithfully imitated; in this case the mechanism is lodged in an india
rubber case, and the bends of the bent shaft form the upper parts of the arms, and
the shafts connecting the paddle to the bent shaft form the lower parts of the arms
and hands holding the paddle.
A ratchet mounted on the square end of the axis of the barrel spring prevents
wrong winding, and an aperture in the case of the toy admits of the insertion of
the key for winding.
A sail fixed to a small mast also carrying the American flag is attached to the
sole of the foot of the figure, which is also furnished with a watch, flask, and
so forth.
The same mechanism may be used for moving other toys, or for industrial
purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Bywater and Charles Bedford
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th February 1879.
JAMES BYWATER, of the Firm of Pearson and Spurr, of Birstal, in the County
of York, Machine Makers, and CHARLES BEDFORD, of the same Place, Foreman
Mechanic. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Our improvements consist :-
Firstly. When weaving from two warp beams we place one beam underneath the
other in the body of the loom and carry the warp from the lower beam over a plate
fixed behind the upper beam so that the two warps do not come in contact or rub
By this
together. The extra warp beam may be driven by worm and wheel.
arrangement broken warps are more readily seen and are better to get for mending
broken ends.
Secondly. We fix the worm wheels which drive the warp beams to hollow shafts
which work in castings fixed to the framework, the worms also being attached to
the same castings. The shafts of the warp beams pass through the hollow wheel
shafts, and the beams and worm wheels are connected by pins fixed to the face of
the wheels which enter holes in the beam ends. When removing the beams the
worm wheels may be left in the loom, thus rendering the operation easier and more
clearly.
MENTS IN LADDERS OR APPARATUS WHICH MAY BE USED FOR BUILDING OPERATIONS AND FOR SAVING LIFE FROM FIRE
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Joseph Barnard Mills
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th February 1879.
A communication from abroad by Doctor Joseph Marzari, of Imola, in the
Kingdom of Italy.
BENJAMIN JOSEPH BARNARD MILLS, of the Firm of Harris and Mills, of 23,
" IMPROVE-
Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent.
MENTS IN LADDERS OR APPARATUS WHICH MAY BE USED FOR BUILDING OPERATIONS
AND FOR SAVING LIFE FROM FIRE." A communication from abroad by Doctor
Joseph Marzari, of Imola, in the Kingdom of Italy.
The Invention relates to improvements in ladders or apparatus which may be
used for building operations and for saving life from fire.
The ladder or apparatus consists of a platform supported at the top of a double
series of articulated rhombs connected together at their axes or angles by rods, and
employed to effect the raising and lowering of the platform in a similar manner to
the extension and contraction of a pair of "lazy tongs." Combined with the above
are employed series of supporting bars, which are mounted on the exterior axes of
the rhombs, and which with other or diagonal bars articulated thereto form a series
of parallelograms, and serve after the platform is raised to the desired height to give
rigidity to the extensible and contractible rhombs. The supporting bars are formed
with teeth on one edge to enable the axes of the articulated rhombs to rest therein
and retain them firmly in position. The articulated rhombs are supported on
pivotted rods, and they are extended and contracted by means of draw bars pivotted
to their lower arms, such draw bars being provided with female screws or nuts
working on a shaft or axis formed with a right and left handed screw thread, by
turning which such draw bars are caused to approach to or recede from each other
as desired.
The toothed bars for giving rigidity to the apparatus when extended are operated
by means of a toothed pinion taking into a toothed segment formed on the lower
end of each of such toothed bars; thus, by moving the lower supporting bars,
motion is simultaneously communicated to all the other supporting bars, except the
upper pair, which are moved indirectly by means of the upper cross bars, and by

page_text: portions of bars mounted on the exterior axes of the upper rhomb, to which they
are freely pivotted.
The platform-is-capable-of-being-rotated-on-a-central-pivot, as desired,_and_the_
ladder or apparatus:is-mounted-on a frame-provided with wheels, whilst struts are
capable when desired of being forced-down on the ground by any suitable means, 5
so as to steady the apparatus or ladder-when-in position for use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN Lamp Manufacturer. OR APPLICABLE TO GAS STOVES FOR HEATING 'SOLDERING IRONS' OR 'COPPER BITS, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE FOR OTHER GAS HEATING PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Salsbury at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd December 1879.
HENRY SALSBURY, of the Firm of "J. E. Salsbury," of 125 & 126, Long Acre,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
in the County of Middlesex, Carriage Lamp Manufacturer.
OR APPLICABLE TO GAS STOVES FOR HEATING 'SOLDERING IRONS' OR 'COPPER
BITS, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE FOR OTHER GAS HEATING PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to certain improvements in gas stoves for heating
soldering irons or copper bits, and in the gas valve appliance used therein, which
said gas valve appliance is applicable for other gas heating purposes.
The stove consists of a cast iron or other metallic box mounted upon ordinary
feet, stand, or support, within which box are placed fire clay bricks serving as
lining above, below, and surrounding a central passage or opening which serves at
once for the insertion of the "bits" to be heated, and as combustion chamber for
the ignited gas, which will be supplied preferably through the valve device herein-
after described, but may be by ordinary atmospheric burners. At the rearward
end of the said central opening the passage is carried upward and contracted so as
to form the lower part of the chimney.
Immediately above this portion of the fire clay lined stove is placed a block, cast
iron by preference, having a central opening corresponding to the prolongation of
the central passage, and provided with radial openings which I call a muffle block
for purpose at once of preventing undue escape of heat, and for supporting a muffle
cowl, upon which is the pipe formning the continuation of the chimney.
The gas however conducted is supplied to or at the front of the central opening
and is there-ignited, the bits to be heated are placed in the said opening as into an
ordinary fire and become rapidly heated, the fire clay also taking up heat that
would otherwise be lost and radiating the same into the chamber, thus assisting in
the heating of the irons.
The valve apparatus consists of a neck of piping immediately behind the supply
regulating cock, and is provided with air holes, and a sleeve or cylinder is placed
on the said pipe and free to slide or turn thereon, so as to more or less cover or
uncover the air holes. A link piece is pivoted or attached to the said cylinder by
one end, and the other end of said link piece is connected to the crank of the cock

page_text: plug, so that in turning said plug the position of the covering sleeve or cylinder of
the air holes is adjusted simultaneously with the adjustment of the cock plug, and
consequent supply of gas, whereby the air supplied is always in proportion to the
quantity of gas supplied and prevents combustion or ignition in the atmospheric
chamber; gas jets of ordinary or required kind are employed.
This atmospheric gas valve appliance is equally applicable for other gas heating
purposes where atmospheric burners are employed, such as for cooking stoves and
so forth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO COMBS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Wolf Spear at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th May 1879.
JACOB WOLF SPEAR, of South Place, Finsbury, in the County of Middlesex,
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO COMBS."
My Invention consists in the construction and application to combs of a device
for cleaning the same in a simple and efficient manner, such device or apparatus
also serving to strengthen the comb to which it is applied.
The improved device is constructed of two side bars of sheet metal or other
suitable material, but preferably metal. These bars are of the same length and
height as the back part of the comb, and to the inner edges of the side bars is fixed
a strip of hair cloth or other suitable fabric having an open mesh. To the back of
one of the side bars is pivotted a suitable clip.
In making use of this device the fabric is passed over the teeth of the comb (the
teeth passing through the meshes thereof), and the two side bars rest and fit against
the sides of the back of the comb, and are fastened in position by means of the
herein before described clip, which will pass over the back of the comb and clip the
two side bars. The device thus applied will serve materially to strengthen the back
of the comb, particularly when the comb is made of hard india rubber.
To clean the comb the clip is unfastened, and the device being drawn off the comb
any accumulation of dirt will be removed from the teeth by the cloth, the meshes of
which closely embrace the teeth of the comb. The dirt thus removed from the comb
is then cleaned off the cloth and the device is again applied to the comb.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF PRODUCING RELIEFS ON TEXTILE FABRICS, LEATHER, OR OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th July 1879. A communication from
abroad by Auguste Coubrun, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MODE OF PRODUCING RELIEFS ON TEXTILE FABRICS, LEATHER, OR OTHER
MATERIALS." A. communication from abroad by Auguste Coubrun, of Paris, in the
Republic of France.
The sheet upon which the relief is to be fixed is first pasted with a suitable
gelatinous or binding substance, after which a relief of gutta percha or coutchouc is
formed in the ordinary manner by means of a metal mould, and this print applied
upon the prepared sheet by means of a solution of gutta percha or coutchouc.
Then the mould is brought under the press in such a manner that its recesses come
exactly opposite the projections, and after having inserted the material which is to
form the surface of the intended product between the relief of gutta percha or
coutchouc and the recesses of the mould, a strong pressure is applied, so that the
surface of the material adheres completely and makes a faithful copy of the
moulded figure. Finally, the relief may be colored with inalterable and wash proof
colors. This mode of decoration is applicable to the ornamentation of apartments,
furniture, or other objects, and according to the purpose, the adhesion of the upper
and the lower part may be produced by a glutinous substance as described, or by
pricking mechanically all the lines formed by the drawings.