Improvements in Boilers for Heating Apparatus and for Generating Steam..
Year: 1895

page_text: I
opcomvation Loit zoru Dec. TOTO ACCEPTED,
...
PROVISIONAB SPECIFICATION!!
...
vij
Improvements in Boilers for Heating Apparatus and for Generating
Steam..
I, WILLIAM COWPER BAKER residing at Palisade Boulevard, Alpine, in the
State of New Jersey, United States of America, Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention is made for the purpose of ensuring a perfect combustion of the
fuel and the most direct application of the heat to the pipes containing the water
to be heated, and with this object in view a fire chamber is provided of a suitable
size and advantageously with walls of fire brick and grate bars of any desired
character, and across above the grate bars and at a short distance from the same
there are tubes passing through the fire chamber, and above each of these tubes
and connected therewith is a range of vertical or nearly vertical tubes that are
smallest at their lower ends and the upper ends open into another cross pipe or
header parallel to the cross pipe, so that the upper and lower pipes and the con-
meeting vertical pipes form boiler sections that are surrounded by the fuel that is
being burnt; and these sections are sufficiently distant for the fuel to sink down
between one section and the next as it is consumed, and an opening is provided at
the front of the boiler for the introduction of a poker or slice to agitate the fuel
and separate the ashes that fall through the grate bars, and there are suitable doors
to give access to the bottom of the fire and to the ash pit, and a secondary grate is
advantageously placed below the main grate and composed of bars that are suffi-
ciently close together for detaining any cinders or unconsumed carbon so that the
same may be returned into the fire chamber, and the top of the fire chamber is
closed and provided with suitable doors for the insertion of fuel and also with flue
connections for passing away the products of combustion.
Any suitable number of these boiler sections may be provided in the fire
chamber according to the capacity required in the boiler, and the upper and lower
parallel pipes pass through the walls of the fire chamber and are connected by
rising pipes to a drum or steam dome which is partially filled with water so that
the water circulates around through the respective boiler sections and into the
elevated drum, the steam passing from the water as usual; and where this
improved boiler is made use of in a heating apparatus, pipes may be connected to
the boiler sections in the fire chamber so that the hot water may be circulated to
any desired place for giving off heat by radiator pipes or other known appliances,
and in some instances the pipes containing the water that is caused to circulate by
the action of the lient, pass through a chamber into which air is admitted, so that
the air is warmed to the desired extent and passes to different parts of the building
by air pipes or ducts:
5
1. 1
By these improvements great economy in fuel is effected, the parts are not liable
to injury by heat because the water circulates rapidly through the pipes of the
sections, the risk of explosion is reduced to a minimum, the boiler can be extended
or contracted indefinitely according to the requirement for heat or steam, and in'
case of repairs becoming necessary one or more sections can be cut off and
thrown out of action while the repairs are being made without interfering with the
operation of the other sections.
a.'!
'
....

page_text: Where the boiler sections are implored for generating steam, the feed water
should be reduced into a pipe coming the ends of the lower range of pipes so as
to pass uniformly into all of the sections in the boiler.
1
In cases where petroleum or other liquid fuel is made use of, the same is
introduced in any suitable manner below the sections formed of the horizontal and
vertical ranges of tubes. I usually employ shallow troughs containing pebbles or
similar material and having vertical air tubes passing through the bottom and
rising sufficiently high to supply air into the flame as it burns, upon the surface of
the pebbles, and the flame rises around the tubes, and in this form it is advantageous
to provide a descending flue so that the flame passes up around the tubes at one
side of a dividing plate and down upon the other side of the dividing plate to the
escape flue.
Dated this 9th day of April 1895.
BREWER & SON,
London and Leeds, Agents for Applicant.
BREWER & SON,
London and Leeds, Agents for Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Boilers for Heating Apparatus and for Generating
Steam.
I, WILLIAM COWPER BAKER residing at Palisade Boulevard, Alpine, in the
State of New Jersey, United States of America, Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention is made for the purpose of insuring a perfect combustion of the
fuel and the most direct application of the heat to the pipes containing the water
to be heated, and with this object in view a fire chamber is provided of a suitable
size and advantageously with walls of fire brick and grate bars of any desired
character, and across above the grate bars and at a short distance from the same
there are tubes passing through the fire chamber, and above each of these tubes
and connected therewith is a range of vertical or nearly vertical tubes that are
smallest at their lower ends and the upper ends open into another cross pipe or
header parallel to the cross pipe, so that the upper and. lower pipes and the cou-
necting vertical pipes form boiler sections that are surrounded by the fuel that is
being burnt, and these sections are sufficiently distant for the fuel to sink down
between one section and the next as it is consumed, and an opening is provided at
the front of the boiler for the introduction of a poker or slice to agitate the fuel
and separate the ashes that fall through the grate bars, and there are suitable
doors to give access to the bottom of the fire and to the ash pit, and a secondary
grate is advantageously placed below the main grate and composed of bars that
are sufficiently close together for detaining any cinders or unconsumed carbon s0
that the same may be returned into the fire chamber, and the top of the fire
chamber is closed and provided with suitable doors for the insertion of fuel and
also, with flue connections for passing away the products of combustion.
Any suitable number of these boiler sections may be provided in the fire chamber
according to the capacity required in the boiler, and the upper and lower parallel
pipes pass through the walls of the fire chamber and are connected by rising pipes to
a drum or steam dome which is partially filled with water so that the water circulates
around through the respective boiler sections and into the elevated drum, the
steam passing from the water as usual, and where, this improved boiler is made use
of in a heating apparatus, pipes may be connected to the boiler sections in the fire
chamber so that the hot water may be circulated to any desired place. for giving,
off beat by radiator pipes or other known appliances, and in some, instances, the
pipes containing the water that is caused to circulate by the action of the beat.

page_text: pass through à chamber into which air is admitted, so that the air is warmed to
the desired extent and passes to different parts of the building by air pipes or
ducts.
By this improvement great economy in fuel is effected, the parts are not liable
to injury by heat because the water circulates rapidly through the pipes of the
sections, the risk of explosion is reduced to a minimum, the boiler can be extended
or contracted indefinitely according to the requirement for heat or steam, and in
case of repairs becoming necessary one or more sections can be cut off and thrown
out of action while the repairs are being made without interfering with the operation
of the other sections.
Where the boiler sections are employed for generating steam, the feed water
should be introduced into a pipe crossing the ends of the lower range of pipes so as
to pass uniformly into all of the sections in the boiler.
;
In the drawing, Fig. 1 is an elevation partially in section of the improved
furnace. Fig. 2 is a vertical cross section of the same.
The fire chamber is enclosed by the front wall A, back wall B and side walls C,
and the range of bars D supports the fuel, and these bars are to be comparatively
open so as to allow the air to pass freely through them, and the lower range of
bars E is closer together so as to catch and retain any unconsumed coal, and the
ashes pass into the ash-pit F.
The frame G is of a size adapted to two or four sections of heating tubes:
I have represented it in Fig. 1 as adaped to four sections of tubes, and it contains
openings for the upper doors H and lower doors I. These doors H are at the level
of the upper grate bars D so as to admit the insertion of a suitable poker or slice
upon the grate-bars for shaking out the ashes and the proper clearing of the fire,
and the ashes and unconsumed carbon fall upon the lower range E of bars, and by
opening the lower door I such bars can be cleared by a suitable slice or poker to
shake down the ashes and allow the unconsumed carbon to remain upon the
lower bars E and be consumed, the products of combustion and heat passing up
through the bars D and aiding in heating the water as hereafter described, or the
unconsumed carbon may be removed by a shovel from the bars E and placed into
the fuel chamber above the bars D, and it is advantageous to make the frame G
with a plate 2 that extends to the bars D so as to intercept the air rising from the
ash-pit and direct the same to the fire. The lower doors I give access to the
ash-pit and also to the top surface of the lower bars E.
*
Where the walls of the fire chamber are of fire or other brick, the frames & will
usually support the front wall A, and such frames should be provided with
notches in their upper edges to allow the tubes K to pass through such notches
and rest upon the frames and pass in freely below the bricks of the front wall A,
and it is also advantageons to provide thimbles through the brickwork wherever the
tubes pass through such brickwork, so as to allow for the insertion or removal of
the tubes without the destruction of the brickwork.
The tubes K are in a range and pass directly through the fuel chamber and
through the back wall, and it is advantageous to provide a water supply pipe L
with a check valve 3 and supply cock 4, so that water can be introduced into the
boiler as required from time to time, and the pipe L is connected with the outer
ends of the tubes K by the T's and thimbles at 5.
The back ends of the tubes K are connected by the pipes M with the expansion
vessel or drum N; and there is a second range of pipes parallel to the tubes K
passing through the fire chamber and through the back wall and connected by an
ascending pipe P with the expansion drum N; and it is advantageous to provide
removable plugs 6 at the back connections between the pipes O and P, and also to
provide caps
ps 7 at the front ends of the tubes O to give access for cleaning such
tubes for the removal of sediment or foreign matter if necessary, and I connect the
ranges K and O of pipes with the vertical tapering tubes Q, such tubes
having their larger ends uppermost and being advantageously screwed directly
into the pipes which are sufficiently large within the fire chamber for the

page_text: reception of such upper ends of the tapering tubes Q, and the lower ends of such
tubes. Q are suitably connected with the tubes: K, advantageously by the right and
left hand screw thimbles 8 which pass into the lower ends of the tubes Q and into
holes made in the upper sides of the tubes K.
The top of the fire chamber is closed by a hood R from which rise flues S
leading to a suitable chimney, and in the hood R there are fuel doors T for the
admission of coal, which coal is to be filled into the fire chamber and cover the
pipes OQ and K.
It will now be understood that when water is admitted to fill the respective
pipes and the expansion drum N wholly or partially and the fire in the chamber is
lighted, the fuel will burn gradually, the most intense heat being near the grate-
bars D, and the fire will surround the tubes KO and Q and the heat will cause
the water to circulate and rise through the pipes Q and pass along the pipes O and
rise by the pipes P into the expansion, drum N, and from thence descend by the
pine M to the tubes K and so return to the lower ends of the vertical tapering
tubes Q, and in consequence of the tubes Q having their larger ends uppermost,
the heat is most effective in its action around such tubes, and as the water expands
and steam bubbles may be formed, there is ample space for the rapid circulation of
the water and steam up into the expansion drum N, and as all the pipes K Q and O
are in the fire and surrounded by the incandescent fuel, the heat will pass directly
to the pipes and water and but little loss will arise from heat escaping to the
chimney.
It will be observed that one section in the circulating and heating apparatus is
composed of a tube K, pipe O and range of vertical tapering tubes that connect
the tubes K and O, and the ascending pipe P and descending pipe N, and these
are removably connected by suitable joints at 9 10 with the expansion drum N, and
this expansion drum N can be of any suitable length, or there may be two or more
of such drums employed as required from time to time; and it is advantageous to
provide doors and frames for each two sections of circulating pipes, hence a
furnace of any desired size can be constructed by bringing together any desired
number of sections, and where a furnace is found to be insufficient, it can be
extended by simply taking down an end wall and adding sections and making the
connections, which is a great convenience as it allows for the heating furnace being
extended to accommodate changes in the buildings to be heated; and where it is
desired to use only a portion of the apparatus, a temporary wall of fire-brick laid
across the fire chamber between one section and the next will retain the fuel, and
the fire is as efficient in the section that is in operation as though the whole furnace
were heated.
I have represented a water gauge at 11 and a safety vent at 12: and it is to be
understood that where circulating water is employed for heating a building, any
desired connections can be made between the expansion drum N and the radiators
in the respective rooms, and that where steam is made use of the steam pipe 13 can
be connected in any desired manner to the radiators in the rooms.
In my present improvement it is necessary to place the sections at a sufficient
distance apart for the coal to be introduced from above, so that the same: may
settle down between the respective tubes, and the ranges of tubes must not be
sufficiently close together for the combustion to be interfered with by the volume
of water tending to prevent the temperature being raised to the point necessary
for perfect combustion, and in consequence of the vertical tubes having their
smaller ends downwardly, there is nothing to prevent the coal subsiding gradually
as consumed, and the supply door for the fuel being in the hood above the fire
chamber gives opportunity for inspection of the bed of fuel and for the
introduction of pokers and similar devices for keeping the fire in the proper
condition.
In portable boilers the casing or walls may be. of metal instead of brick and of
any desired shape.
Where this boiler is used with circulating hot water the drum.or expansion

page_text: vessel N or 13 may advantageously be placed at the highest part of the water
circulating system, so that bubbles of air find their way into the same.
Where the sectional boiler is used for heating purposes the pipes P and M may
be extended throughout the building and through suitable coils or radiators for
the circulating water to give off its heat, and in some instances the coils for
the circulating water may be passed through an air chamber for heating the
same, the hot air being led to the parts of the building by pipes of any suitable
character.
In cases where petroleum or other liquid fuel is made use of, the same is.
introduced in any suitable manner below the sections formed of the horizontal
and vertical ranges of tubes. I usually employ shallow troughs containing
pebbles or similar material and having vertical air tubes passing through the
bottom and rising sufficiently high to supply air into the flame as it burns upon the
surface of the pebbles, and the flame rises around the tubes and in this form it is
advantageous to provide a descending flue so that the flame passes up around the
tubes at one side of a dividing plate and down upon the other side of the dividing
plate to the escape flue.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. The combination in a fuel chamber, of grate bars supporting the fuel,
horizontal tubes over and near to such grate-bars and upper tubes and intermediate
vertical tubes joining the upper and lower tubes and forming ranges of water
pipes surrounded by the fuel, the distances between the ranges of pipes being
sufficient for the fuel to burn between them and gradually to descend, substantially
as specified.
2. The combination in a heating apparatus, of enclosing walls forming a fire
chamber, tubes K and O crossing such fire chamber, and a vertical range of tapering
tubes screwed at their upper and larger ends into the tube O and at their lower
ends to the tube K, the tubes M and P and an expansion drum N with which such
tubes are connected, substantially as set forth.
3. The combination in a heating apparatus with the walls enclosing the fire
chamber, of ranges of heating tubes, each range composed of two parallel pipes
and a range of vertical tapering tubes connected at their upper and larger ends.
with the upper pipe and at their lower ends with the lower pipe, grate-bara
below the lower pipe, a frame and doors, the upper door admitting a slice or poker
above the grate and the lower door opening to the ash-pit, there being separate-
frames and doors for every two or more sections of heating pipe, substantially as.
set forth.
4. The combination in a heating apparatus with the walls enclosing the fire-
chamber, of ranges of heating tubes, each range composed of two parallel pipes
and a range of vertical tapering tubes connected at their upper and larger ends
with the upper pipe and at their lower ends with the lower pipe, grate-bars below
the lower pipe, a frame and doors, the upper door admitting a slice or poker above
the grate and the lower door opening to the ash-pit, there being separate frames.
and doors for every two or more sections of heating pipe, and a lower grate for
receiving the unconsumed fuel that may drop through the upper grate, substantially
as set forth.
Dated this 23rd day of December 1895.
BREWER & SON,
London and Leeds, Agents for the Applicaut..