Improvements in Collars for Horses and other Animals.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Jan., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 28th Oct., 1889-Accepted, 30th Nov., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Collars for Horses and other Animals.
I HENRY REES-PHILIPPS of No. 13 Berkeley Street Piccadilly in the County of
Middlesox Manager of Inventors' Agency Limited do hereby declare the nature of this
Invention to be as follows:-
My invention has reference to horse collars and collars for other draught animals
and consists of the improvements in the said collars hereinafter described.
Horse collars and other like collars made according to my invention are lighter than
those of the ordinary kind. The bearing surfaces adjust themselves to the particular
shape of the part of the animal to which they are applied and have the other minor
advantages hereinafter described.
I will describe my invention with reference to a horse collar. I construct the shell
or foundation of the collar that is the parts commonly called the forewale and afterwale
of a hard non-metallic material capable of being fashioned by the moulding process.
The materials I prefer are vulcanite indurated fibre papier mâché or paper pulp
and leather. I form the foundation of the collar from these or like materials by
moulding. The particular process of moulding is varied according to the material
employed. These moulding processes constitute no part of my invention and I do
not consider it necessary to describe them.
When I
When I employ an absorbent material such as papier mâché or paper pulp I prefer
to paint or varnish the foundation so as to make it proof against moisture.
employ such a material as vulcanite or indurated fibre no such protecting coating is
necessary.
In moulding the non-metallic foundation of the collar I either make it in one piece
or I mould the forewale and afterwale separately and afterwards joint them or I make
the two sides of the collar separate and connect them together by hinge like joints or
by metallic pins or rivets.
In the process of moulding the foundation of the saddle metallic attachments
may be introduced to which the draught tugs hooks or loops and the rein dees may be
attached. In this case the ordinary hames may be dispensed with.
Where great strength is required strips of iron or other hard metal or alloy may
either be introduced in the moulding process into the substance of the non-metallic
material of the foundation of the collar or the required strength may be obtained by
metallic plates fixed to the outside of the foundation.
That part of the foundation or shell which bears upon the horse is lined or covered
with a pad or cushion made elastic preferably by one or more continuous helical
metallic springs or by other elastic materials. Or the said pad or cushion may be an
air chamber of india rubber or other air-tight material. This elastic lining adapts
itself to the particular shape of the part of the horse to which it is applied and the
galling of the horse attendant on the use of ordinary collars is avoided.
The moulding process by which I form the non-metallic foundation of the horse-
collar lends itself to the production of an ornamental surface to the foundation. I avail
myself of the facility thus afforded to produce inscriptions or designs or names or in
some cases advertisements on the horse collars made according to my invention.
Instead of leaving exposed the non-metallic material of which the foundation of the
horse collar is made it may be covered with leather or other flexible material..
Dated this 11th day of January 1889.
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Collars for Horses and other Animals.
I HENRY REES-PHILIPPS of No. 13 Berkeley Street Piccadilly in the County of
Middlesex Manager of Inventors' Agency Limited do hereby declare the nature of my
invention and the manner in which the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention has reference to horse collars and collars for other draught animals
and consists of the improvements in the said collars hereinafter described.
Horse collars and other like collars made according to my invention are lighter
than those of the ordinary kind. The bearing surfaces adjust themselves to the
particular shape of the part of the animal to which they are applied and have the
minor advantages hereinafter described.
I will describe my invention with reference to a horse collar. I construct the shell
or foundation of the collar, that is, the parts corresponding to those commonly called the
forewale and afterwale of a hard non-metallic material capable of being fashioned by
the moulding process: The materials I prefer are vulcanite indurated fibre, papier
mâché or paper pulp and leather. I form the foundation of the collar from these or
like materials by moulding.
In moulding the non-metallic foundation of the collar I either make it in one piece
or I mould the forewale and afterwale separately and afterwards join them; or I
make the two sides of the collar separate and connect them together by hinge like
joints or by metallic pins or rivets or the fastenings hereinafter described.
In the process of moulding the foundation of the saddle, metallic attachments may
be introduced to which the draught tugs, hooks or loops and the rein-dees may be
attached. In this case the ordinary hames may be dispensed with.
Where great
strength is required strips of iron or other hard metal or alloy may either be introduced
in the moulding process into the substance of the non-metallic material of the
foundation of the collar or the required strength may be obtained by metallic plates
fixed to the outside of the foundation.
That part of the foundation or shell which bears upon the horse is lined or
covered with a pad or cushion made elastic preferably by a spring of woven wire
or by one or more continuous helical metallic springs or by other elastic materials.
Or the said pad or cushion may be an air chamber of india rubber or other air tight
material. This elastic lining adapts itself to the particular shape of the part of the
horse to which it is applied and the galling of the horse attendant on the use of
ordinary collars is avoided. The moulding process by which I form the non-metallic
foundation of the horse collar lends itself to the production of an ornamental surface
to the foundation. I avail myself of the facility thus afforded to produce inscriptions
or designs or names or in some cases advertisements on the horse collars made
according to my invention.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings the
manner in which my invention is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in front elevation and Figure 2 in back elevation, with the
stretched back covering material omitted, a horse collar made according to my
invention; Figure 3 represents in cross section drawn to a larger scale one half of the
collar taken on the line a, a Figure 1 at the left hand or near side of the collar and
Figure 4 represents the same sectional view as Figure 3 but the hames are rivetted to
the collar as hereinafter explained.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4.
bc; b c is the rigid shell or foundation of the collar having either of the sectional
forms seen in the half views Figures 3 and 4, c c being the part commonly called in
an ordinary collar the "forewale" and b, b the part commonly called the "afterwale."
The said rigid shell, or foundation bc bc is made in one piece by moulding a hard
non-metallic material such for example as vulcanite wood fibre papier mâché and the
like. Instead of moulding the shell or foundation of the collar in one piece as

page_text: represented the "forewale
cc and the "afterwale" bb may be made separately and
the two ring like pieces joined together so as to produce a shell or foundation having the
sectional figure represented in the sectional views of half of the shell or foundation
represented in Figures 3 and 4.
The particular process of moulding is varied according to the material employed.
These moulding processes constitute no part of my invention and I do not consider it
necessary to describe them. When I employ an absorbent material such as papier
mâché or paper pulp I prefer to paint or varnish the foundation so as to make it
proof against moisture. When I employ such a material as vulcanite or indurated
fibre no such protecting coating is necessary.
Instead of leaving exposed the non-metallic material of which the foundation of the
horse collar is made it may be covered with leather or other flexible material.
Combined with the non-metallic rigid shell or foundation bc bc of the collar
Figures 1, 2 and 3 are loose metallic lames d, d the halves of which are fastened
together at top and bottom in the usual way. The hame draughts are marked e, e and
the rein dees are marked ff.
The concave part or trough of the foundation or shell is lined or filled with an
elastic pad or cushion of either of the kinds represented in Figure 2.
For the purpose of illustrating the two kinds of elastic pads or cushions which I
prefer to use I have shown in one side or half of the moulded foundation or shell of
the collar Figure 2 a woven wire cushion or spring marked g and in the other
side or half of the moulded foundation or shell I have shown an elastic pad or cushion
marked consisting of a coiled spring made from a continuous strip or ribbon of
steel or other elastic metal. The said wire woven elastic pad or cushion g and the
continuous coiled spring pad or cushion have each the sectional figure shown in
Figure 3 and have such an external configuration that they fit closely against the sides
of the concavity or trough of the shell the outer half or face of the pad or cushion
projecting from the open back of the shell as seen in Figures 3 and 4.
Both sides or
halves of the shell may be provided with the same kind of elastic pad or cushion.
Instead of using elastic pads or cushions of the kinds represented in Figure 2, air
cushions or bags of the same figure as the elastic pads or cushions represented may be
placed in the shell of the collar. The elastic pads or cushions or air pads or bags are
covered on their outer sides and retained in their places in the shell and the back of
the collar completed by means of leather, serge or other fabric or covering i (see
Figures 3 and 4) drawn or stretched over the pads or cushions and secured to the
rigid moulded shell bc; be at k by stitching lacing or otherwise. Or instead of
using a covering for the back of the collar consisting of a non-metallic material a
metallic covering suck as zinc may be employed and fastened to the moulded shell by
nailing or otherwise.
By lining or filling and covering in this way the shell or foundation, the back
or that part of the collar which bears upon the horse is made elastic and adapts itself
to the particular shape of the part of the horse to which it is applied and the galling
of the horse is prevented.
When a fixed hame is used with a rigid or moulded shell and the other appliances
of the collar constructed according to my invention the hames are secured to the
shell by rivetting as illustrated in Figure 4, where the rivets by which the hame is
secured to the shell are marked 1, L. In this case a metallic plate m to hold the rivets
is used on the inner side of the moulded shell. The plate m also serves to give
additional strength to the moulded shell and if necessary metallic plates may be
fixed to the outside of the moulded shell or inserted in the shell during the moulding
operation.
Figure 5 represents in front elevation a modified collar made according to my
invention and Figure 6 represents a cross section of one half or side of the collar
drawn to a larger scale. In this modification the shell or foundation of the collar is
made in moulded halves or sides marked respectively p and q each half or side having
a nearly tubular figure in cross section as seen in Figure 6; that is, each side or half
of the shell has the configuration of the whole outer or front part of the half shell
:

page_text: together with the back part of the half shell in contact with the horse so that no back
covering to the shell is necessary.
: The interior of the half parts or sides of the shell is lined or filled with the elastic
pads or cushions hereinbefore described or with other elastic fillings. In order to
place the pads cushions or fillings in these half shells they are expanded or opened out
sufficiently far to admit the pads or cushions and then permitted to contract upon the
said pads or cushions.
The halves. P, q of the collar are jointed together at bottom by the rivetted hinge
joint at s and at top by the screw nut taking upon the half screws t² carried
respectively by the plates t³ ³ fixed by rivetting to the half shells or sides p q. The
hame draughts u u and the rein dees are rivetted to the hames y y secured to the
rivetted plates 3 and binge joint s.
I have represented on the outer face of the moulded shell of the collar Figure 5 an
inscription which may be produced by the moulding process by which the said shell
is made. Inscriptions, names and designs of various kinds may be produced by the.
moulding process and the collar may be used for advertizing purposes by having a
name inscription or design indelibly impressed in the composition of the said shell.
The sectional figure of the shell of the collar represented in Figure 6 may be
employed when the shell or foundation is moulded in one piece as described with
respect to Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Figure 7 represents in front elevation a collar in which the shell or foundation is
made in halves but the two halves are furnished with fixed hames which also serve
to connect the two halves of the collar together; Figures 8 and 9 represent, the upper
parts of the hames and the double spring snap fastening of the same drawn to a larger
scale, Figure 8 representing the two hames of the collar closed and fastened together
and Figure 9 the same opened.
P, 9 are the two halves or sides of the moulded shell or foundation and p², q² are the
two hames carrying the hame draughts p³, q3 and the rein dees p*, q. The halves of
the fixed hames are jointed together at bottom by the hinge joint 5 and thereby connect
together at bottom the halves p, q of the shell or foundation.
The top of each hame is provided with a spring snap fastening consisting of a
hook shaped catch 2 jointed to the hame and pressed outwards by a spring. The
hooked ends of the catches 2, 2 work through slots or openings 3, 3 in the angle
tops 4, 4 of the hames. When the collar is opened the two catches 2, 2 have the
positions with respect to one another represented in Figure 9. When the tops of the
halves of the collar are pressed together the hinged catches 2, 2 pass one another side
by side the said catches being pressed down and their springs compressed by the
bevilled tops of the respective catches entering the slots or openings 3, 3 in the
angle tops 4, 4 of the hames. When the two parts of the collar are closed
the shoulders of the said spring catches snap behind the angle tops 4, 4 of the
hames and thereby lock or fasten at top the two parts of the collar together as
represented in Figures 7 and 8.
In order to open the collar it is only necessary to press down the spring catches 22
when the two halves of the collar can be turned on their joint and opened as
illustrated in Figure 9.
The position of the joint and spring catch fastening may be inverted, that is, the
hinge joint 5 may be at the top.of the collar and the spring catches or fastenings 2, 2
at the bottom.
.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven-
tion and the manner in which the same is to be performed I declare that I claim as
my invention of "Improvements in collars for horses and other animals":—
First Making the shell or foundation or outer case of the collar or the parts
corresponding to those commonly called the forewale and afterwale in the ordinary
collar, of one piece of moulded vulcanite, indurated fibre, papier mâché or paper pulp
or of other hard non-metallic material capable of being fashioned by moulding
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the

page_text: accompanying Drawings, whether the moulded shell or foundation has the trough
shaped form represented in Figures 3 and 4 or the nearly tubular form represented in
Figure 6.
Secondly Making those parts of the shell or foundation or outer case of the saddle
called the forewale and afterwale of separate pieces of moulded vulcanite, indurated
fibre, papier mâché or paper pulp or of other hard non-metallic material capable of
being fashioned by moulding and joining the said separate parts together as
hereinbefore described.
Thirdly Making the shell or foundation of the collar of two sides or halves of
moulded vulcanite, indurated fibre, papier mâché or paper pulp or of other hard
non-metallic material capable of being moulded and joining the said moulded sides or
halves together substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 5, 6
and 7 whether the moulded half shell has a trough shaped form, or a nearly tubular
form in cross section.
Fourthly-The arrangements or combinations of parts hereinbefore described and
illustrated in Figures 5, 7, 8 and 9 for jointing and connecting together the two sides
or halves of the moulded shell or foundation of the collar.
Lastly The combination with the moulded non-metallic shells or foundations of
collars of the kinds claimed in claims 1, 2 and 3 of elastic pads or cushions consisting
either of springs of woven wire or of helical metallic springs for the purpose of making
the back or that part of the collar which bears upon the horse or animal elastic
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 2, 3 and 4 of the
accompanying Drawings.
Dated the Eighteenth day of October 1889.