Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd May, 1893-Accepted, 12th Aug., 1893

page_text: raised portion running diametrically across it as shown in the drawing Fig. 4. Two
holes a and b side by side are drilled along this raised portion; the one a ending in
a narrow throat commanded by the valve V' its other end having the tube t securely
brazed or hard-soldered into it, a small opening O beyond the throat forming the
end of a, connects the channel a with b and allows the vapour generated in a to pass
into 6 where it is superheated, a part of this superheated portion passing on through
the opening O' down the channel c to the jet J Fig. 3 of the injector I the rest goes
through the jet J' of the vapourizer. Branching off from the beforementioned
raised portion are two smaller raised portions through which the holes or
channels ee Fig. 4 are drilled; these channels c c supply vapour to the jets J2 J³
the outer ends of the channels c¹ c² being closed by screw plugs. The jets J1 J2 J*
are so placed that they form an equilateral triangle. The tube t is closely packed
with fine wire for about three inches of its length, this is shown partly broken away
in Fig. 3 and 4.
The use of this wire packing is to prevent regurgitation between the
reservoir R Fig. 1. and vapourizer V and ensure steadiness in the working of the
apparatus.
On the underside of the vapourizer V are a number of teeth E or cogs shown
in Fig. 3 and also in dotted lines in Fig. 4. these assist in collecting the heat from
the maintaining flame.
The injector I is shown in side elevation in Fig. 3. in plan Fig. 5. and in front
elevation Fig. 6. its form and proportions are clearly indicated in the drawings, the
action of it is as follows; the vapour rushing from the jet J Fig. 3 draws into the
tube I the necessary supply of air and produces a mixture of air and vapour which
burns with a clear smokeless flame from the upper end of the injector I, this flame
impinging on and spreading over the under side of the vapourizer V gives the heat
necessary to maintain the apparatus in action.
THE AIR DUCT AND MIXING CHAMBER.
This consists of a cylindrical casing B Fig. 1. of sheet metal having a number of
radial divisions & Fig. 2 extending from top to bottom of the casing, the number of
these radial divisions being double of the number of the jets in the upper side of the
vapourizer. In the drawing there are three jets and therefore six divisions, these
are shown in plan at d, d, d, Fig. 2, they are formed by the suitable folding of a
long strip of sheet metal equal in breadth to the height of the cylindrical
casing B.
Two dished or moulded plates D and D¹ Fig. 1. close the bottom and top of the
cylinder respectively, these plates are shown Fig. 7 where their precise form is
clearly shown.
The plate D having three circular holes to accomodate the jets J, J, J³,
(shown in Fig. 4) and alternate sectors cut out to provide passage for the products
of combustion from the maintaining flame, these (shown by arrows) pass up the
corresponding flues or ducts formed by the radial divisions before mentioned and
escape through the apertures A A A Fig. 1. in the casing B. The plate D' closes
the top of the cylinder and forms the bottom of the mixing chamber M; it also has
three sectors cut out as shown at D' Fig. 7. This plate is so placed that the solid
parts are above A A A Fig. 1. the sectorial openings above the jets J, J², J³, so
as to admit the vapour and air into the mixing chamber M the air entering through
the apertures A' A' A¹ cut in the lower part of the casing B. In constructing this
part of the apparatus when the before mentioned strip of metal forming the radial
divisions is cut and folded, pieces are left at intervals along the sides of the strip,
these pieces, after the plates D and D' are put on, are hammered over on to the
plates D and D' and bind the whole firmly together, they are shown at bbb
and Fig. 2. A protecting ring or hood H Fig. 1. is carried by the plate D
to shield the apertures A¹ A' A₁ and jets J', J2, J³, from currents of air. A stout

page_text: THE AIR BLAST AND AUXILIARY LAMP.
The axis_of_the_wheel_w_actuating the valve-v2 Fig. 1. passes through a tubular
pillar P having a nut fastened into the top of it through which works the screw
serving to raise and lower the valve 2 this pillar being somewhat wider than the
valve spindle allows the air from the compressor and reservoir R to pass to the
tube 2 on working the pump or syringe P; the valve being open, the reservoir R
serving by the elasticity of the confined air in it to equalize and render continuous
the blast produced by syringe P.
This tube also serves to prevent any serious strain by over pressure of air in
the reservoir R while it does not prevent sufficient pressure being accumulated
in the reservoir to drive the apparatus. The lamp for starting the apparatus is
shown in plan at L Fig. 8. a dotted outline in elevation in Figs. 1, 3, and 6 and a
dotted outline of the wick-tubes is shown in plan in Fig. 5. These figures show
the position of the lamp when in use in starting the apparatus, its action in
conjunction with the air blast being simply that of the ordinary well known blow
pipe or brazing lamp but rendered more effective by the action of the tube I Fig. 1.
of the injector.
The mode of using the apparatus is this:-The valve v2 Fig. 1. being closed the
filling cap F is opened and the reservoir R filled with fuel until the liquid rises to
the lower end of the tube covered by the cap F when the air in the upper part of
the reservoir R being now imprisioned by the liquid, no more liquid can be poured
in. The cap F is now tightly screwed down and the lamp L is filled with fuel, the
wicks adjusted, and the lamp placed in the position shown in the drawings.
The valve is opened, the lamp L lighted and the pump or syringe worked by
means of the knob K when a powerful jet of flame plays on the under side of the
vapourizer V the valve V₁ of the vapourizer being closed. The working of the
pump is continued for two or three minutes or until the tube t at the part à Fig. 1.
becomes too hot to touch, then a few rapid strokes are given with the pump and
The valve V₁ of the
the valve immediately closed by means of the wheel w.
vapourizer V is opened and the lamp L removed (having now ignited the vapour
issuing from the jet J) and applied to the burner G in order to ignite the vapour
from the same.
The lamp L may now be extinguished and the apparatus is in action and will
now remain so without further attention until the fuel in R is exhausted. The
flame may be regulated or instantly extinguished by turning or closing the valve V1.
After starting the apparatus, the lamp L is not replaced in the position shown in
the drawings but may be allowed to rest on the top of the reservoir R.
Figs. 9, 10 and 11, refer to a form of this apparatus adapted to laboratory and
workshop use where a very intense heat may be required.
B2 is a casting shown in section in Fig. 9 along the line y of Fig. 10. Fig. 10
is a horizontal section of the apparatus along the line y of Fig. 9. Fig. 11 is a
section of B at right angles to that of Fig. 9. The construction of the valve V

page_text: and part of A Fig. 9 being clearly shown in the drawing. The liquid fuel under
pressure being supplied by the tube t and its supply controlled by the valve V.
The annular groove in the part A into which engages the point of the screw p
enables the whole apparatus to be rotated round the tube t and fixed at any angle.
The liquid fuel supplied by the tube t flows up the central tube t¹ where it is
vapourized by the heat and issues as vapour from the top of the tube t', the stream
of vapour being divided into a number of rapid pulsations by the vibration of the
ball B³ on its seat at the top of the tube t¹, a covering tube with apertures
round B³ for the escape of the vapour forms a cage to prevent the loss of the
ball B³ from its seat. The ball B in this design takes the place of the wire
packing in the tube Figs. 3 and 4 of the previous design, in preventing
regurgitation down the tubes t¹ and t. On the escape of the vapour from the tube t¹
it comes into contact with the heated sides of the vapourizer B' which is in this
design formed of a casting rayed or cross-shaped in horizontal section as shown in
Fig. 10 which is a horizontal section along the line y of Fig. 9 the rays being
solid and the interior of the vapourizer formed by a hole drilled vertically up the
axis nearly to the top as shown in Fig. 9. The vapour is here superheated as it
passes down the vapourizer B¹ into the channels I, I, shown in dotted lines Figs. 9
and 10 and shown in section in Fig. 11, which channels lead it into the annular
channel Figs. 9, 10, and 11, from this channel it passes up into the jets J
Figs. 9 and 10.
These jets are made of sheet metal stamped into the form shown in the drawing
so as to be renewable at any time. The casting B2 is recessed to allow the bases of
the jets J to sink into it flush with the surface, a thin sheet of asbestos smeared
with a paste of graphite and water between the face of the casting B² and the
circular plate forming the bottom of the vapourizer B' makes all vapour tight on
the vapourizer and casting B2 being nipped together by the screw forming the base
of the casing or jacket cl. This casing or jacket is formed of a casting screwed
internally at the base and having a number of openings O for the indraught of air
caused by the action of the jets J. This design is meant to work at a much
higher pressure of fuel than the designs shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the burner G
Fig. 1, is dispensed with, as the flame, owing to the heavier pressure, does not
descend to the jets J Fig. 9, but burns from just below the mouth of the casing c¹
in a fierce blue flame of very high temperature. r is a ring of ordinary asbestos
packing surrounding the base of the casing and capable of being saturated with
fuel by slightly opening the valve V when the fuel will rise up through the jets J
and overflow through the openings O into the channel in which rests the asbestos
packing. On a flame being applied to the ring r the flame from the fuel with
which it is saturated raises sufficient heat to start the apparatus.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. The design and use of a vertical chamber, circular or polygonal in horizontal
section, and divided longitudinally into sectors by radial divisions; half of such
sectors as in Figs. 1 and 2 or all of such sectors as in Figs. 9 and 10 having vapour
jets at the lower ends of the same, which in conjunction with air in-draught
openings in the lower part of the outer walls of such aforesaid chamber; are used
to produce a mixture of hydrocarbon vapour and atmospheric air, substantially in
the manner detailed in the description and shown in the drawings Figs. 1, 2, 9
and 10.
2. The use of a vapour jet and curved air tube together forming an injector of
the design shown in Figs. 1, 3, 5 and 6, and therein lettered J and I respectively,
to produce a mixture of hydrocarbon vapour and atmospheric air that by its
combustion will give the heat necessary to maintain the action of the apparatus.
3. The design of the method of production and maintainance of the air blast

page_text: detailed in the description and shown in the drawing Fig. 1, and its use as a safety
appliance against overpressure in the reservoir or air syringe.
4. The use of an auxilary lamp and air blast for producing the heat required to
bring the vapourizer into action and start the apparatus.
Dated this 22nd day of May 1893.
JOSEPH LEE,
SAMUEL LANCASTER,
Applicants.