Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Nov., 1886.
Complete Left, 20th Aug., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 27th Sept., 1887.
I, CHRISTOPHER HILL, of No. 63, Moran Street, Poplar, in the county of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention consists in improvements in the construction of furnaces employed
for heating bakers' ovens, the same being also applicable to similar furnaces employed
for other purposes.
Instead of forming the fire-bars straight and arranging them horizontally, or in an
inclined position, as is ordinarily done, I form them with a "sweep" and so arrange
them that the arch formed by the curves of the bars is downwards facing the ash pit
whilst the concave faces of the bars constitute that portion of the grate upon which
the fuel rests. The front ends of the said bars rest upon a suitable bearing some
distance below the bottom of the door frame, that is to say, they are placed lower than
is ordinarily the case, and the rear ends rest on a bearing which is situated near the
mouth of the flue at the top of the furnace, they are therefore considerably higher
than the front ends. Air is admitted to the ash pit and through apertures which are
formed, in that part of the front of the furnace which is between the front ends of
the fire-bars and the bottom of the door, or, in the door, or in both. When desired,
the openings for the admission of air to the interior of the furnace are provided with
sliding plates, or other contrivances, for controlling the amount of air admitted.
Across the sides of the fire-bars near their rear ends I form ribs or distance pieces
which are inclined towards the front of the furnace, these ribs or distance pieces serve
to direct the current of heated air, passing through the bars from the back of the ash
pit, in a direction contrary to the current of the products of combustion on their way
to the flue.
Dated this 20th day of November 1886.
VAUGHAN & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Furnaces for Bakers' Ovens and other Purposes.
I, CHRISTOPHER HILL, formerly of No. 63, Moran Street, Poplar, in the county of
Middlesex, but at present residing at No. 84, Rochester Row, Westminster, in the
said county, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
My said invention relates to improvements in the construction of furnaces employed
for heating bakers' ovens, the same being also applicable to similar furnaces employed
for other purposes. By "similar furnaces" I mean those furnaces which have a
bridge or wall at the back of the grate over the top of which bridge or wall the
products of combustion pass on their way to the flue or chimney. The principal
objects of the said improvements are to more effectually consume the smoke and to
economise the consumption of fuel.
Instead of forming the fire bars straight for the whole of their length, I raise the
inner ends thereof above the level of the remaining portion of the grate. In some
cases, I effect the desired object by forming the said bars with a sweep and so
arranging them in the furnace that their inner ends will be above the remaining
portion of the grate. The said inner ends of the bars rest upon a bearing bar near
the top of the bridge or wall, or, in some cases, I form a flange or enlargement at the
back of the inner end of the bar which flange will extend back to the bridge or wall
and rest on the ordinary bearing bar. On one or both of the sides of the raised
ends of the bars I form ribs or distance pieces which are inclined from the bottom
towards the front of the furnace. Usually I arrange the front ends of the bars on
the ordinary front bearing bar, but, in applying this invention to bakers' ovens, I, in
some cases, arranged them on a bearing bar fixed some distance below the bottom side
of the door opening, and in the front plate of the furnace and between the ends of
the bars and the door opening, I form holes for the admission of air and I provide
such holes with sliding plates or other contrivances for controlling the passage of air
through the same.
I will now proceed to refer to the accompanying drawings from which the nature
of my said invention will be more clearly understood. The same letters of reference
indicate like parts in all the Figures. Figure 1. is a longitudinal section through the
furnace of a bakers' oven, in this figure the front ends of the fire bars are shown
resting on a bearing bar some little distance below the bottom of the furnace door, a
series of apertures for the admission of air being provided between the ends of the
bars and the bottom of the door space. Figure 2. is a like view of a similar furnace,
the front end of the fire bars being shown bent upwards and resting on a bearing bar
level with the bottom of the door space. Figure 3. is a longitudinal section of a
furnace of a Cornish or Lancashire boiler, and Figure 4. is a like view of a furnace of
a tubular boiler, in these two figures a pipe is shown arranged longitudinally through

page_text: the ash pit, through perforations in which pipe steam escapes and becoming further
heated rises and tends to keep the fire bars cool and to assist in the combustion of the
fuel, as described and claimed in the specification of Letters Patent granted to me
No. 13,926 and dated 14th November 1885. Figure 5 is a longitudinal section of a
furnace, constructed in accordance with this invention, arranged in connection with
a puddling furnace, and Figure 6. is a top view of the grate of a furnace constructed
as hereinbefore described. A. are the fire bars, B. the bridge or wall at the back of
the grate, C. the raised ends of the fire bars, and c. the ribs or distance pieces on the
sides of the said raised ends.
-The
The action of furnaces constructed as hereinbefore described is as follows:-
fire having been lighted a portion of the air entering at the front of the ash pit
becomes thoroughly heated in its passage to the back, and in passing upwards through
the raised ends C. is directed forward by the inclined ribs or distance pieces c. when
coming into contact with the products of combustion on their way to the flue it
becomes thoroughly mixed therewith and being heated effects a more perfect
combustion of the same, as compared with similar furnaces as ordinarily constructed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
The construction and arrangement of the fire-bars of furnaces in such a manner
that the inner ends shall be raised above the level of the grate, the said raised inner
ends having at one or both of their sides inclined ribs or distance pieces, substantially
as and for the purposes hereinbefore described and shown in the accompanying
drawings.