CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING SUGAR
Year: 1830

page_text: ALL
GARNETT, of Demerara, Esquire, send greeting.
ABRAHAM
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty, King William the Fourth
did, by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing
date at Westminster, the Twenty-fourth day of July, in the first year of His
reign, give and grant unto me, the said Abraham Garnett, His especial
licence that I, the said Abraham Garnett, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, and such others as I, the said Abraham Garnett, my executors, admi-
nistrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with; and no others, from time
to time and at all times hereafter during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon Tweed, and also in all His Majesty's
Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
MANUFACTURING SUGAR;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso,
that I, the said Abraham Garnett, shall cause a particular description of the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more
fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Abraham Garnett, do hereby describe the manner in which my said Invention
is to be performed by the following description thereof, reference being had
to the Drawing in the margin, and to the figures and letters marked thereon
(that is to say):-
a is the teach in which the cane liquor, after passing through the clarifiers,
and four or five open paus, for the purpose of being cleared of its mucilaginous
impurities, is finally concentrated (see Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4.) Such con-
centration when the teach is opened is effected at a temperature of 210 or 212
degrees of Fahrenheit's thermometer. e is a hemispherical pan or dome of
cast iron, rather thick, and weighing seven hundred pounds; this is suspended
over the teach a (see Figure 3) by a chain attached to and worked by a
winch or lever b, part of the flange being an offset on the lip of the teach
to receive when let down upon it the dome c, (see Figure 2 and 4). c, a
continuation of the flange, to fit in upon the brickwork or masonary d, (sec
Figures 2 and 4); f, a safety valve, of two inches diameter; g, the chain
and pulley attached to the dome; h, the furnace, in section. The cane liquor
being tempered and clarified in the usual manner, is strained and skimmed
on passing each successive pan until it reach the pan No. 2 (see Figures 1
and 4), in which it undergoes a considerable degree of evaporation, and from
which a full charge is given to the teach a and the dome e, let close down
upon it, closed on all sides; in a few seconds the ebullition caused at first
by the repulsion of the atmospheric air will subside, and a partial vacuum
being thus produced, the fluid will rapidly evaporate its most aqueous property
within the closed pan, sending out the surplus steam through the safety valve;
in ten minutes a second charge can be introduced from pan No. 2, and in
five or ten minutes more a third. At each charging the dome may be raised
half an inch or so to admit the liquor into teach a, and immediately again
closed, and then after a smart boiling for ten minutes, during which time
the surplus steam forces a strong current through the safety valve, the whole
mass of liquor in the teach a will be sufficiently concentrated. It can now
be removed into the coolers either by means of the skipping pan or by the
ladle, and the teach a replenished from pan No. 2, as in the first instance,
and so on every balf hour dufing the day. The expeditious evaporation
caused by this imperfect vacuum, which increases the caloric action, is effected
with a saving of fuel in proportion to the less time required to produce results
equal to the old process, and such abridgment of time is manifestly an
economy of manual labor in a like ratio.

page_text: The sugar after remaining twelve hours in the coolers may be placed in
oblong boxes with wire cloth bottoms, six feet long, four feet wide, and two
and a half feet deep, and in them either clayed or packed in hogsheads, and
shipped as Muscovado sugar, and the latter may be satisfactorily effected in
six days after the sugar has been boiled.
If the sugar concentrated in the above manner should have to be purified
by "Innes" patent process, it should at once be sent into the reservoir from
the teach a by a connecting gutter, and each strike or stratum may be
cooled by the application of a slight shower of limewater. This simple
process insures an increase of pure sugar from the cane juice beyond what
is produced by the ordinary method of boiling of ten to fifteen per cent.; by its
being concentrated in partial vacuo, a saving of time, fuel, and manual (or
negro) labour to a very considerable extent, falling little short of forty or fifty
per cent., and affords a vastly greater celerity in preparing the property for
sale.
In witness whereof, I, the said Abraham Garnett, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty.
Sworn at Demarary, the 29th day of October

page_text: This is the deposition referred to in the foregoing certificate of His Excel-
lency Sir B. D'Urban, K.C.B., dated 30th October 1830.
Demerary (to wit):
T. C. HAMMILL, A. G. Sec.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
BENJAMIN D'URBAN, Knight, Commander of the Most Honourable
(L.B.) Military Order of the Bath, of the Royal Gulphic Order, and of the
Portuguese Military Order of the Tower and Sword, Major-General,
and Lieutenant-Governor and Commander-in-Chief in and over the
United Colony of Demerary and Essequebo, its dependencies, &c., &c.
B. D'URBAN do hereby certify, that on the day of the date hereof personally
came and appeared before me Joseph W. Richardson, named in the deposition
hereunto annexed, being well known and worthy of good credit, and by
solemn oath, which tho said deponent then took before me upon the Holy
Evangelists of Almighty God, did testify and depose to be true the several
matters and things mentioned and contained in the said deposition.
In faith and testimony whereof; I have hereunto set my hand and seal, at
the King's House in George Town, this 30th day of October 1830, in
the first year of His Majesty's reign.
By His Excellency's command,.
TC. HAMMILL, A. G. Sec.
THOMAS MEWBURN, of Long Ashton, near Bristol, maketh oath, that he is
well acquainted with Sir Benjaman D'Urban, K.C.B., who is the Governor of
the-United-Colony of Demerary and Essequebo, and that the signature in the
margin of the Specification of A. Garnett is the handwriting of the said Sir
Benjamin D'Urban, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of October 1830, at
Demarary. And this deponent further saith, that at the said date, and at the
timo of signing the said Specification, the said Sir Benjamin D'Urban was
Governor of the United Colony of Demarary & Essequebo.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the oath of Thomas Mewburn, the
Specification aforesaid was inrolled, word for word, as above written. And also
the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute
made for the purpose.
Inrolled the Twenty-fourth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and thirty-one.