IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHERS
Year: 1884

page_text: HOUSTON STEWART STEWART, Palace Chambers 9 Bridge Street, S.W. Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
WASHERS, to be as follows:-
I propose to construct washers of steel or other suitable material, of any or all
of the various forms shewn in Figs. 1 to 7 in the accompanying drawing.
The washers as shewn in Figs. 1. 2. 3. 4. 6 & 7. are intended to be used under
the heads of screw bolts, instead of, as usual, under the nuts. While that shewn
in Fig. 5 may be used either under the head or the nut.
The object of the form of washer shewn in Figs. 1. 2. 3. 4. 6 & 7. is to admit of
screw bolts, set pins &c being turned round in one direction so as to tighten them
up, but to prevent them becoming loose by turning in the reverse direction. Fig. 5
in addition to fulfilling the object just described also performs the same function
when used under a screw nut in the ordinary way.
My invention more particularly relates to the bolts and nuts used in the fish
joints of Rails.
Fishplates are frequently formed with longitudinal recesses, or channels, as
shewn in Fig. 8; which channels are used to receive the head of the bolt, & so
prevent it from turning round while the nut is being screwed up.
I propose to use these channels to hold the nut from turning instead of the bolt.
The fastening will then be tightened up by screwing the bolt into the nut instead
of screwing the nut onto the bolt.
I believe there is some advantage in this course quite independantly of the uso
of my lock washer; for I consider there is less probability of the bolt turning
round, through vibration or otherwise, the nut being held secure, than there is of
the nut working loose while the bolt is held secure.
I however lay no claim to this method of inserting fish bolts, but merely to my
forms of serrated washers for preventing any tendency to work loose.
The double washers shewn in figs. 6 & 7. are intended to lock two bolts at
once & may be used with advantage in cases where only one of the pair of fish-
plates has a channel, the other presenting a plain surface.
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1004

page_text: I HOUSTON STEWART STEWART Palace Chambers 9 Bridge Street Westminster
S.W. Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WASHERS and in what, manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
I propose to construct washers of steel or other suitable material of any or all
of the various forms shewn in Figs. 1 to 7 in the accompanying drawings.
The washers as shewn in Figs. 1. 2. 3. 4. 6 & 7. are intended to be used under
the heads of screw bolts, instead of, as usual, under the nuts, whereas that shewn
in Fig. 5. may be used either under the head or the nut.
The object of the form of washer shewn in Figs. 1. 2. 3. 4. 6 & 7. is to admit of
screw bolts, set pins &c, being turned round in one direction so as to tighten them
up, but to prevent them from becoming loose by turning in the reverse direction.
Fig. 5, in addition to fulfilling the object just described, also performs the same
function when used under a screw nut in the ordinary way--but in in this latter
case the tongues A. A. of the washer, are set out from the plane of the washers
surface, so as to produce the required ratchet action on the under side of the bolt
head or of the nut.
My invention more particularly relates to the bolts & nuts used in the fish
joints of rails..
Fishplates are frequently formed with longitudinal recesses or channels as
shewn in Fig. 8, which channels are used to receive the head of the bolt, & so
prevent it from turning round while the nut is being screwed up.
I propose to use these channels to hold the nut from turning instead of the bolt.
The fastening will then be tightened up by screwing the bolt into the nut,
instead of screwing the nut onto the bolt.
I believe there is some advantage in this course, quite independantly of the use
of my lock washers, for there is less probability of the bolt turning round, through
vibration or otherwise, the nut being held secure, than there is of the nut working
loose, while the bolt is held secure.
The double washers shewn in Figs. 6 & 7. are intended to lock two bolts at once,
& may be used with advantage in cases where only one of the pair of fishplates
has a channel, the other presenting a plain surface.
Having now particularly described & ascertained the nature of my said
invention, & in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
The Improved Construction of Washers having their inner edges serrated so as
to produce a ratchet action upon the fastenings with which they are used, substan-
tially of the form, & for the purposes, described & shewn on the drawings.
Dated this 28th day of Aucenat 100%