Improvements in Fluid Pressure Motors.
Year: 1896

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Fluid Pressure Motors.
I, JAMES MACKINTOSH, of 168 High Street, Lochee, in the County of Forfar,
Scotland, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:
This invention relates to improvements in fluid pressure motors, the object being
to construct an efficient machine by taking advantage of certain properties of
gases, such as their expansibility and velocity of flow under pressure.
In carrying out my invention, I employ a combination of two or more radial
flow turbines and preferably arrange each system or combination in pairs, in
order to balance the longitudinal thrust due to fluid pressure. In some cases I
may only use a single system, taking up, the end pressure by means of any known
suitable thrust block. The aforesaid turbines are arranged to permit the fluid to
flow radially, either alternately towards and away from the centre, or vice versa, or
towards the centre while actuating the vanes or vice versa. The vane wheels are
enclosed in a suitable case, and are fixed upon a shaft whose axis coincides with
that of the case.
Describing in more detail a single system, the other if used being similar, but
arranged to have its longitudinal thrust in the opposite direction. The working
fluid passes towards the centre of the motor through inclined guide ports and
impinges against the vanes of the first wheel, from whence it passes into a chamber
and from thence through a second series of inclined guide ports it impinges against
the vanes of a second wheel and so on. These vane wheels are of different
diameters, the largest wheel being actuated by the steam of highest pressure, the
other wheels being smaller in diameter, step by step, in proportion to the
reduction of fluid pressure and velocity of flow. Although I have, in the example
above mentioned, referred to the working fluid passing towards the centre when
actuating the wheels, yet it is obvious that the diameters of such wheels may be
so proportioned that the steam may alternately actuate each wheel as it approaches
to or recedes from the centre or even that it may actuate the wheels only when
receding from the centre.
Dated this 7th day of October 1896.

page_text: hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention relates to improvements in fluid pressure motors, the object
being to construct an efficient machine by taking advantage of certain properties
of gases, such as their expansibility and velocity of flow under pressure.
And in order that my said invention and the manner of performing or carrying
the same into effect or practice may be properly understood, I have hereunto
appended two explanatory sheets of drawings in which the same reference numerals
are used to indicate corresponding parts in all the figures where shown.
Figure 1, (Sheet 1) is a part longitudinal section of one type of motor.
Figure 2, (Sheet 1) is a part external elevation of the same.
Figure 3, (Sheet 1) is a part cross-section at M. M. (Figure 1) showing une first
wheel and guides.
Figure 4, (Sheet 1) is a part end view of the motor.
Figure 5,. (Sheet 2) is a part longitudinal section of another type of motor.
Figure 6, (Sheet 2) is a part external elevation of same.
Figure 7, (Sheet 2) is a part cross-section at B.B. (Figure 5) showing the steam
chest.
Figure 8, (Sheet 2) is a part cross-section at A.A. (Figure 5) showing the
exhaust pipe.
In carrying out my invention, I employ a combination of two or more radial
flow turbines and preferably arrange each system or combination in pairs 10.
and 11, in order to balance the longitudinal thrust due to fluid pressure. In some
cases: I may only use a single system, taking up the end pressure by means of
any known suitable thrust block. The aforesaid turbines are arranged so as to
permit the fluid to flow radially, either alternately towards and, away from the
centre or vice versa, or towards the centre while actuating the vanes or vice versa.
The vane wheels 12, are enclosed in a suitable case 13, and are fixed upon a
shaft 14, whose axis coincides with that of the case.
Referring to Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, (Sheet 1) describing in more detail a single
System 10, the other, 11, if used being similar but arranged to have its longitudinal
thrust in the opposite direction. The working fluid passes towards the centre of
the motor through the pipe 15, and through inclined guide ports or nozzles 16,
ana impinges against the vanes 17, of the first wheel, from whence it passes into
a chamber 18, and from thence through a second series of inclined guide ports or
nozzles 19, it impinges against the vanes 20, of a second wheel and so on, finally
passing away to the atmosphere, or to a condenser through the exhaust
pine 21, the course of the fluid being shown by the arrows. These vane wheels
are of different diameters, the largest wheel being actuated by the steam of highest
pressure, the other wheels being smaller in diameter and wider, step by step, in
proportion to the reduction of fluid pressure and velocity of flow.
Although I have, in the example above mentioned referred to the working
fluid passing through the centre when actuating the wheels, yet it is obvious that
the diameters of such wheels may be so proportioned that the steam may alternately
actuate each wheel as it approaches to, or recedes from the centre.
Such a turbine is illustrated by Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8, (Sheet 2). In it the
working fluid passes towards the centre of the motor through the pipe 15, and on
passing through inclined guide ports or nozzles 16, impinges against the vanes 17,
of the first wheel, from whence it passes into a chamber 18, and from thence
through a second series of inclined guide ports or nozzles 19, it impinges against
the vanes 20, of a second wheel: and so on, finally passing away, as previously
explained to the atmosphere or to a condenser through the exhaust pipe 21, the
course of the fluid being shown by the arrows. These vane wheels are of different
diameters, the largest wheel being actuated by the steam of highest pressure, the

page_text: other wheels being smaller in diameter and wider, step by step, in proportion to
the reduction of fluid pressure and velocity of flow.
22, are apertures into which drain cocks may be fitted.
The ratio of the nozzle for the greatest velocity of flow should be as 1:1.624 inlet
and outlet respectively. To reduce the velocity of rotation of the motor such
ratio may be departed from if desirable.
The speed of rotation of these turbines may be regulated by the use of well
known governors applied, either to the guides themselves or to the pipes which
supply or exhaust the steam.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
(1). In fluid pressure motors, the herein before described combination and
arrangement of parts, substantially as described with reference to Figures 1, 2, 3,
and 4, of the annexed drawings.
(2). In fluid pressure motors, the herein before described combination and
arrangement of parts, substantially as described with reference to Figures 5, 6, 7,
and 8, of the annexed drawings.
Dated this 5th day of July 1897
GEO. C. DOUGLAS & Co.,
41 Reform Street, Dundee, Agents for Applicant.