matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Grave, of the City of Manchester,
Gentleman, for the Invention of " CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
WATERCLOSETS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Grave at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th September 1875.
I, JOHN GRAVE, of the City of Manchester, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for " CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
"to be as follows:-
WATERCLOSETS,
-
My Invention consists in making the basin of an improved shape, and
in an improved mode of admitting the flushing water to the basin,
whereby the basin is thoroughly cleaned by the flushing water.
Instead of making the off passage in the centre of the basin, as now
customary, I place it eccentric thereto, and with the eccentric passage
"

page_text: at the greatest distance from the front of the seat, so that the excreta
instead of falling against the side of the basin drop straight into the
water in the basin.
•
At the upper edge of the basin is an annular groove, as now customary
in some closets, and and the flushing water is admitted into this groove
at the front of the seat; the flushing water so admitted circulates in
opposite directions in the groove, and meets at the back of the basin,
from whence it rushes into the discharge passage, and effectually
_removes_any_excreta_that_might adhere to the inside of the basin. This
improved mode of admitting the flushing water may be applied to basins 1
of the ordinary shape.
The improvements above described may be used in combination with
the improved discharge valve, for which Letters Patent were granted to
John Shanks on the 17th October 1863, No. 2539, or with any other
suitable valve.
1
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Grave in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 7th March 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
GRAVE, of the City of Manchester, Gentleman, send greeting.
2
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in
the thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs
and successors, give and grant unto me, the said John Grave, Her 2
special licence that I, the said John Grave, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns,_or_such_others as I, the said John Grave, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time-agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
-

page_text: And, Thirdly. Causing the flushing water to circulate through a
double annular groove, as shewn and described in reference to Figs. 4, 5,
6, and 7.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Grave, have hereto set my
hand and seal, this Third day of March One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-six.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CROSSINGS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th May 1875.-A communication from abroad by Siegerich
Christopher Kreeft, of Turin, in the Kingdom of Italy..
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY
CROSSINGS," to be as follows:-
sometimes at a critical
supposed neglect by
It is well known that railway pointsmen will
moment attempt to remedy some neglect or
shifting the points of railway crossings at the moment that a train is
passing over them, and thereby break the continuity of the line of the
metals.
Now the object of this Invention is to lock automatically the points
or switches of railways at the time a train is passing over them, and
thereby to prevent the pointsman at that moment from moving them,
and endangering the safety of the passing train,

page_text: Midway within the line of rails, adjacent to the switches, a rock shaft
is mounted, the same being supported in bearings on the sleepers. To
this rock shaft are keyed arms, which carry on their ends a bar that lies
parallel with and close adjacent to one of the rails, The ends of this
rail are inclined downwards and it is held up a little above the head of
the adjacent rail by counterbalance weights. Fitted to one end of the
rock shaft is a crank arm, which is intended to act as a latch lock, and
retain the points in either of the two positions in which they may
be
set.
The transverse link bar which connects the points together is furnished
with a projection, against which the crank arm abuts when the points
are locked. When a train is passing the wheels of the engine or first
carriage will depress the bar carried by the arms of the rock shaft, and
thereby rock the shaft and the crank arm upon its extremities. The
crank arm will thus be caused to engage with the projection on the link
bar, and it will offer an effectual resistance to the lateral movement of
the points should the pointsman by any error of judgment then seek to
shift them. When however the train has passed the crossing the points
will be free to answer to the action of the pointsman, and at the passage
of the next train the points will be similarly locked, but in the reversed
position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREVENTION AND EXTINGUISHING OF FIRES IN MILLS AND FACTORIES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Neilson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
December 1875.
I, JAMES NEILSON, junior, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREVENTION AND EXTINGUISHING OF FIRES IN MILLS AND
FACTORIES," to be as follows, that is to say :—
This Invention which relates to improvements in the prevention and
extinguishing of fires in mills and factories, consists in the expulsion of
the oxygen of the atmosphere from the compartments of the building,
which when allowed to remain as under ordinary circumstances supports
the combustion of ignited material. This is effected by introducing a
quantity of steam into the close compartments of the building, which
bas the effect of driving out the air before it,

page_text: The introduction of the steam is carried out by connecting with the
steam boilers in the mill or factory lines of pipes extending throughout
the several compartments, these pipes being provided with valves which
are operated either from the outside or any other convenient part of the
mill, so that in the event of fire occurring the steam supplied by opening 5
one or more of the valves quenches it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHOW CASES, PICTURE FRAMES, BEADINGS, AND OTHER ARTICLES, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Larard at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
August 1875.
I, FREDERICK LARARD, of Brixton, in the County of Surrey, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF SHOW CASES, PICTURE FRAMES, BEADINGS, AND OTHER ARTICLES,
AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows:
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of show
cases, picture frames, beadings, window sashes, and other articles, and it
consists in covering a foundation or core of wood or iron with thin sheet
metal in such a way that the sheet metal covering is caused to grip the
core as to be firmly retained without the aid of screws, solder, or other
fastening.
The Invention also relates to an apparatus for use in moulding or
shaping the core when made of wood.
According to my Invention the strip of sheet metal with which the

page_text: _ rollers, to bring it to a form corresponding to that of the front or
moulded side of the core and adapt it as a covering therefor.
The sheet metal after being thus partly shaped is applied to a core of
iron or wood previously rolled or moulded of the desired shape, and the
two are passed together through dies or rollers by which the edges of the 5
metal are turned over the edges of the core so as to firmly embrace it,
the extreme edges of the metal being turned down into grooves formed
in the back of the core.
The apparatus for moulding wood cores consists of a pair of moulding
planes, whose stocks are fixed face to face and each provided with plane 1
irons of proper form. The two stocks are fitted to slide in a frame, and
their distance apart is regulated by an adjusting screw. A series of
these are used to bring the wood core to the shape desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS USED FOR THE CONCENTRA- TION OF SULPHURIC AND OTHER ACIDS, AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Peel Potter at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 23rd February 1875.
I, EDMUND PEEL POTTER, of Little Lever, near Bolton, in the County
of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS USED FOR THE CONCENTRA-
TION OF SULPHURIC AND OTHER ACIDS, AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to that class of apparatus used in the con-
centration of acids or saline or other solutions wherein a series of retorts
are placed at a gradually descending level and heated by furnaces or
flues; and the acid or other liquid in passing in succession from the first
retort to the last or lowest becomes gradually evaporated or concen-
trated, the action being continuous.
Hitherto continuous acting apparatus of this sort has either been
made in platinum which is exceedingly expensive, or else the retorts
have been made in glass of a special form with the connecting pipes
blown on to them, and these latter have always been liable to break at

page_text: the joint of the retort and connecting pipe, to the great danger of the
workmen from the escape of the boiling acid.
According to my Invention I take a number of ordinary glass retorts,
each fitted with the usual head and pipe for conveying away the vapor.
These I arrange at a gradually descending level, and heat them by
means of furnaces or flues. In the shoulder of these retorts below the
neck I drill two holes (one on each side), and I connect the retorts
together by means of syphon pipes of glass, the said pipes being inclined,
and their ends, which pass into the retorts through the holes, being
vertical and extending below the level of the acid or liquid in both
retorts. The uppermost retort has only one syphon pipe connecting it
with the second retort, and through the other hole therein passes a
vertical pipe also extending below the level of the acid or liquid,
and terminating at its upper end in a glass funnel, over which is a feed
tap which furnishes a constant supply of acid or liquid to the uppermost
or first retort.
The lower end of the syphon pipe from the lowermost or last retort
conducts the concentrated acid or liquid into a receiver or cooler. By
means of this
arrangement and construction of apparatus I am enabled
to use glass retorts of the ordinary form, and as the glass syphon tubes
are entirely independent from the retorts, and their vertical ends are
merely dropped into the holes drilled in the shoulders of the latter, the
retorts are not weakened in the least degree, and there is not the
slightest danger of their breaking, and thus occasioning harm to the
workmen. The great advantages of this improved apparatus therefore,
are economy and safety to the workpeople.
A LIFE PRESERVER; A CERTAIN APPARATUS TO BE USED FOR PREVENTING COLLISIONS AND SIMILAR ACCIDENTS ON RAILWAYS, TRAMWAYS, AND THE SHIPS OF THE SEA, SUCH AS ARE PROPELLED BY MECHANICAL Power
Year: 1875

page_text: '
'PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Owen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his 'Petition, on the 16th March
.1875.
'
I, JOHN OWEN, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Manager, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A LIFE PRESERVER;
A CERTAIN APPARATUS TO BE USED FOR PREVENTING COLLISIONS AND SIMILAR
ACCIDENTS ON RAILWAYS, TRAMWAYS, AND THE SHIPS OF THE SEA, SUCH AS ARE
PROPELLED BY MECHANICAL Power," to be as follows :—
My Invention relates to certain apparatus which I attach to the
engines and carriages running on railways or tramways, or such vessels
traversing the sea as are propelled by mechanical power.
In the case of engines running on railways or tramways, it consists in
the application of certain appliances or mechanism (which I call a
"life preserver") which projects in front of the engine or carriage in
motion.
The "life preserver" consists of one or more flat chains of a peculiar
construction; the links of the chain being provided with tails or pro-
jections of such an arrangement or construction that the chain will bend

page_text: or fold round a drum or barrel, and at the same time when run out will
form a stiff or rigid rod.
"
When not in use the "life preserver may be coiled round a drum or
barrel under the engine or carriage, but when in use is run out in front,
its extremity being supported on a light carriage running on the rails in
front of the engine or carraige. The pins which hold the links of the
chain together project on one or both sides so as to act upon a lever.
When the "life preserver" detects any obstacle on the rails it is
forced backwards, and consequently acts upon the lever which immediately
stops the action of the engine and puts on the brakes, as may be
required.
With respect to vessels on the sea, the "life preserver" may be made
of wood or other suitable material, and when in use projects from the
bows of the vessel; in other respects its action is to stop or reverse the
motion of the moving power in case of a collision, or in case the "life
preserver comes in contact with any obstacle to the motion of the
vessel.
دو
AN IMPROVEMENT IN PURIFYING IRON, AND IN APPARATUS USED THEREIN
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Baker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
January 1875.
I, WILLIAM BAKER, of Willenhall, in the County of Stafford, Manager
of Ironworks, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN PURIFYING IRON, AND IN APPARATUS USED THEREIN," to be
as follows:
-
I employ a vessel or trough, which I place between a smelting or
melting furnace and the moulds or receiver into which the molten iron
is to be run.
The said vessel or trough may be of any suitable shape and size, but I
prefer to make it oblong, and a few inches deep on one side, shelving up
to the top on the other side. I close the ends of the vessel or trough, so
as to retain between them the metal to be acted upon. I form an
opening in the top of each end, one for the admission and one for the
discharge of the molten iron. I force air through tuyeres placed along
that side of the said vessel or trough to which the bottom shelves up,
and incline them towards the surface of the metal in the vessel or
.

page_text: trough, and with their nozzles nearly touching the metal, so that the air
will be forced into and through the metal. I carry up the two sides of
the vessel or trough and cover the top with a perforated plate, so as to
prevent the iron from being blown over. The molten metal flows in at
one end and out at the other end of the vessel or trough, and is purified |
during its passage through the vessel or trough by the action of the
injected air.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING OR CARVING IN WOOD, IVORY, STONE, AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sebastien Notton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
March 1875.
I, SEBASTIEN NOTTON, of St. Claude, Jura, France, but at present of
33, Chancery Lane, London, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR CUTTING OR CARVING IN WOOD, IVORY, STONE, AND OTHER MATERIALS," to be
as follows:
The object of this Invention is to produce ornamental and other
patterns in wood, ivory, and other materials corresponding with a
pattern or patterns, the reproductions being produced at a considerable
speed, with great accuracy, and without the necessity of employing any
skilled labour.
A convenient way of carrying my Invention into effect is as follows :-
I construct, say, two parallelogram frames united by a bar on which the
materials to be carved or cut are placed and mounted on axes to which
rotary motion is imparted. The model forming the pattern to be
reproduced may be in one or several pieces, which is or are placed on a

page_text: carrier, the model or carrier being guided by an operator. There is a
guide point carried on end of a vertical rod, which point is caused to
fall and rise so as to travel over the indentations or projections on the
model. The model carrier is placed on a table, on which it is free to
slide one way or the other. The parallelogram frames are free to turn
or move on axes in such manner that they may be caused to incline
backwards or forwards at pleasure, which operation is performed by the
workman through a treadle and cords or straps passing upward and
leading to the shafts carrying the engraving tools to which a quick
rotary motion is imparted.
The position of the parallelogram frames is regulated by a toothed
sector gearing into an endless screw on a spindle, so that according to
the direction in which the spindle is caused to revolve so the sector may
be moved, and with it the frames and the ongraving tools, or the carrier
may be made to shift by similar means.
To use the machine a pattern is placed on the pattern carrier, and on
rotary motion being imparted to the machinery by hand wheel or power
the guide point is caused to work by the operator over the parts of the
pattern to be engraved or reproduced, to accomplish which the work-
man by means of the treadle causes the pointer to rise or fall and the
frames to become inclined backwards or forwards as may be required,
which done, the engraving tools move in corresponding directions and
reproduce the pattern over which the guide is led. Any desired number
of articles may be engraved at one and the same time by increasing the
number of engraving tools.
If the proportion of the reduction by this machine is, say half, then
the model must be twice as large as the reproductions it is desired to
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IM- PROVEMENTS IN EARRINGS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Perks at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
November 1875.
I, THOMAS PERKS, the younger, of the Firm of Thomas Perks and
Sons, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Jewellers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IM-
PROVEMENTS IN EARRINGS," to be as follows:-
My Invention has reference to that part of earrings called the wire,
which is passed through the lobe of the ear, and my said Invention
consists in jointing the said wire to the earring top in the manner
herein-after described, whereby the advantages herein-after pointed out
are obtained.
The earring wire is ordinarily made in two parts or halves, one part
being fixed to the back of the earring top, and the other and moveable
part being jointed to the said fixed part, or the earring wire is made in
one piece and jointed to the outer side of the back of the earring top.
These the ordinaary methods of jointing the earring wire possess dis-
advantages which it is the object of my Invention to remedy. In the

page_text: first described method the wire readily breaks at the joint, and in the
second described method the projecting joint outside the back of the
earring top prevents the drop or pendent part of the earring from lying
closely to the said top, and the joint is rapidly worn by the eye part of
the drop.
According to my Invention I make the earring wire in one piece and
joint it to the inside of the earring top, that is to say, I solder or
otherwise fix to the inner side of the back plate of the earring top the
outer knuckles of a hinge joint, and I make in the said back plate and
between the said knuckles a slot in which the joint end of the earring
wire works. The said joint end of the earring wire is furnished with an
eye or middle knuckle, which is passed through the slot described in the
back plate, and engaged between the outer knuckles on the inner side of
the said back plate. By means of a joint pin passed through the
engaged knuckles and rivetted the earring wire is jointed to the inside
of the back plate of the earring top. By thus jointing the earring
wire the joint of the said wire is concealed and protected from wear by
the carring top, and the liability of the wire breaking at the joint is
reduced to a minimum. By the absence of projecting parts on the
outer face of the back plate of the earring top the eye of the drop!
or pendent part of the earring can lie closely against the back of the
earring top, and the wearing of the joint of the said eye part of the
drop which takes place when the joint is exposed to the rubbing action
of the said eye part of the drop is avoided.
Further by my improvements the annoyance occasioned by the a
rubbing of the joint against the lobe of the ear is avoided, and by the
wider opening of the jointed wire the attaching and removal of the
earring is facilitated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE RAISING AND LOWERING OF SHIPS' BOATS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Percy at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th May
1875.
I, JOHN PEROY, of 8, Quality Court, Chancery Lane, London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR THE RAISING AND LOWERING OF SHIPS' BOATS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object facility in lowering ships' boats,
more especially in cases of emergency. For this purpose instead of
resting the boats on chocks and skids as is usually done, I make them
hang on the tackle continuously, but take the strain from the tackle by
means of one or more screw jacks (preferably two or three) placed under
their keels.
The lower parts of these jacks are made preferably of iron, with upper
part, screw, podger, and shoe of brass. The screw should not be less
than two inches in diameter, and eight inches to a foot long.
The upper portion of brass is strongly fitted on to the base of iron to
be hereafter described, and is still further secured by a pair of set screws
or other suitable contrivance.

page_text: The lower portion of iron is a stong iron pedestal firmly fastened to
the deck, and also (by a strong knee) to the ships' bulwarks by bolts or
rivits, and is of any suitable shape.
The screw projecting through the deep substantial nut of the upper
or brass portion of the pedestal has a hole drilled through its head,
through which is permanently inserted a podger or bar, preferably of
brass with knobs on each end like the handle of a vice, and like the
latter free to slide in the hole. Above this swivelling freely on the head
of the screw and firmly rivitted in (in the usual manner of screw jacks),
I construct a large shoe preferably of brass (say about six inches long),
so shaped with a channel or projections on the top as to clasp the keel
of the boat, and prevent it slipping off the said shoe. When the boat is
to be lowered the jack screw is raised, the tackle is pulled tight and the
jack screw lowered till the boat hangs free from it when it can be swung
out and lowered in the usual manner.
The chief advantages of this arrangement are,—
First. It obviates the difficulty so often experienced of raising the
boat from the chocks with tackle stiff from paint, want of use, &c.,
and with the boat perhaps already encumbered with a lot of terrified
passengers.
Second. It enables a boat to be got over in much less time, and with
fewer men than in the old method.
Third. The podger being a portion of the jack everything is at hand,
and in its proper place for immediate use.
IMPROVED TAP OR BOTTLE CAP
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Saul at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
December 1875.
.
I, WILLIAM SAUL, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Shoc
and Clog Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVED TAP OR BOTTLE CAP," to be as follows:-
I provide a tap or cap of wood, glass, any kind of pot ware, or metal,
vertically through this tap or cap is a hole of suitable size in accordance
with the object for which it is required; into this hole is inserted an
elastic tube of suitable size and thickness, the top end of which is
neatly turned over and secured; the other or lower end may (or not) be
similarly secured. I make another hole horizontally or at right angles
with the vertical hole before named through the body of the tap or cap,
but not through the elastic tube; into this hole I fit a plug so cut away
in the middle or where it comes in contact with the tube that it is in
shape like two eccentric disc plates face to face with a rod attaching the
two on on side of the periphery. At one or both ends of this plug I make
a thumb or` hand plate for turning same round as in the ordinary tap,
or a square to be acted upon by the ordinary key or spanner. It will

page_text: thus be seen that when the before mentioned plug or disc plates are
turned round the rod attaching them comes ncontact with the side of
the elastic tube, pressing it over and closing the aperture; it is made of
such size that when it comes at the horizontal centre from up or down
it compresses. the tube sides so closely together that nothing whatever
can pass, and any increase of pressure from within serves but to make
it tighter. This tap or cap may be used for any purpose where other
taps are used, and for bottling; they are simple and inexpensive.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING FEED WATER FOR STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Saville at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
April 1875.
I, JOSEPH SAVILLE, of Sheffield, in the County of York do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
HEATING FEED WATER FOR STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
Instead of using a coil or pipes or other arrangements, such as have
been heretofore adopted and are liable to various objections, I by my
arrangements run the water into the exhaust pipe as ncar to the
cylinders as may be convenient, the water proceeding down the pipe
and falling into a vessel out of which it is pumped; the water not first
running into the cistern which has been heretofore practised, by which
arrangements I heat the water to a boiling heat and secure several
advantages.
Tuutena inta offent ANA for aramula

page_text: exhaust pipe being connected to a cistern or reservoir, the same being
provided with a steam outlet, and with a pump outlet, and so due action
can be maintained, an important point being the connection of the feed
water pipe with the exhaust.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING FIGURED FABRICS, AND IN THE MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Fleming Brown and
James Baird at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 23rd January 1875.
We, JAMES FLEMING BROWN, and JAMES BAIRD, both of Glasgow, in
the County of Lanark, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING FIGURED FABRICS, AND
IN THE MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to
say :-
This Invention which relates to improvements in the weaving of
figured fabrics, has for it object to act upon the warp by mechanism
independent of the jacquard machine, so that the warp is shed at
intervals between the shedding produced by the jacquard machine, thus
enabling the ground weft and flowering or figuring weft or rove to be
introduced at any required intervals, and that without interfering with
the flowering or figuring sheds produced by the jacquard machine.
Under the arrangements of mechanism by which the foregoing object
is effected the plain or ground shed is made by cords tied to the harness
cords supporting the mails, or to the mails themselves. Every warp

page_text: thread required for forming the pattern passes through a mail, and each
mail is tied to one or two needles of the jacquard machine. In the case
of those mails which are tied to two needles of the jacquard machine
the second needle is used for lifting any warp thread at the same time
that the other warp thread of the same split is lifted, thus leaving
portions (as required by the pattern) of the rove shot floating under-
neath several consecutive threads of warp. That portion of the warp
not required for forming the pattern may also pass through mails, or for
this portion ordinary open or gauze heddles may be employed.
The cords herein-before mentioned as tied to the harness cords or to 1
the mails are attached to shafts, which are moved upwards and down-
wards by means of jacks acted upon by treadles and wipers, or the
several cords may each be attached to a roller or round shaft, which by
rotating through an angle raises and lowers the cords.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CARTS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jubal Barrett at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
December 1875.
I, JUBAL BARRETT, of Keighley, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF CARTS," to be as follows:-
:-
My Invention has for its object the constructing of carts or two wheel
vehicles, so that an adjustable balance is obtained when ascending or
descending inclines or gradients, and is especially applicable to those
kind of carts or vehicles which are employed for the conveyance of
heavy weights, such as stones, iron, or heavy merchandise, and on
which carts or vehicles brakes are used when descending inclines or
gradients.
And the improvements consist in attaching the axle or "axletree "
to the body of the cart by one or more strong hinges, and in the employ-
ment of one or more screws which work at one end in the axle or "axle-
tree," and are fixed at the other end in a convenient position either at
the front or at the back of the cart, in such manner that the driver or
attendant can by operating the said screw or screws move the wheels
backwards or forwards, so as to regulate the weight on the horse's back

page_text: "
"
as required. The "brake blocks are fixed around the ". naves or are
made to fit on a portion of the rinis of the wheels, and connected by
springs or other suitable connections to the fore part of the cart, so that
by moving the wheels forward in the manner above described, a regu-
lated amount of pressure is obtained at the same time as the weight is
regulated or balanced, and it will be obvious that the further forward
the wheels are moved the harder the brake will press, and vice versa.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FLYERS EMPLOYED IN SPINNING, DOUBLING, And Twisting MACHINERY
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jabez Bunting Farrar at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 21st June 1875.
I, JABEZ BUNTING FARRAR, of Halifax, in the County of York,
Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FLYERS EMPLOYED IN SPINNING, DOUBLING, And Twisting
MACHINERY," to be as follows :—
This Invention relates to that class of flyers required to rotate at great
speed, and which necessarily require to be of sufficient strength to
prevent or avoid being damaged by the centrifugal force. Flyers for
this purpose have been constructed with a ring around the extremities
of the arms to prevent expansion, and have also been made of cast brass
or composition metal, which was very costly. Now my object is to secure
strength with durability, and to economise the power required for driving,
and also to reduce the first cost in the construction of those flyers. I
now find that I can secure these objects by making flyers of cast iron
(without the ring above mentioned) of suitable strength and size, to be
determined by experiment, according to the speed of rotation at which
they are required to be driven.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DISSOLVING GUMS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Francis Pitchford at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th February 1875.
I, WALTER FRANCIS PITCHFORD, of Belsize Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of my said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DISSOLVING GUMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in dissolving gum copal and
other hard gums, and consists in treating such hard gums with fusel oil,
or with such derivatives of the same as may be solvents of the gums to
be operated upon. The fusel oil or the derivatives of the same may be
applied to the gum in any convenient manner, but I find in practice
that the gums should be reduced to tolerably fine proportions, and when
the fusel oil or any of the derivatives of the same are applied thereto,
and the gums and fusel oil or the derivatives of the same are kept in a
state of agitation, the gums are then readily dissolved.
When the product is not sufficiently clear it may be rendered so by
the addition of methylated spirits and oleic acid, or by other means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REFINING OILS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bremridge Briggs at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th June 1875.
I, HENRY BREMRIDGE BRIGGS, of Upper Thames Street, in the City
of London, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REFINING OILS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an improved process for refining vegetable
oils, and is more particularly applicable to refining the oil obtained from
cotton seed. This oil in its crude state is of a dark red color which
is occasioned it is believed by the presence in the oil of a dark resinous
substance which it has hitherto been difficult to get rid of. I have
found that by treating the oil with nitric or hydrochloric acid in the
way hereafter explained, many of the impurities contained in the oil
may be eliminated and a great portion of the coloring matter removed,
so that when purified the oil may be used for various useful purposes,
while the loss occasioned by saponification or from other causes will be
greatly reduced.
In carrying out my Invention I add to the crude oil about one per
cent. of nitric or hydrochloric acid (the latter by preference), which

page_text: must be well mixed up with the oil so as to act upon the whole mass.
This intimate admixture of the acid with the oil is effected by agitating
the oil and acid for about an hour or longer, if found necessary by
experience. About twenty-five per cent. of a weak solution of caustic
potash or soda is then added, and the agitation of the mixture is renewed i
until the whole or nearly the whole of the coloring matter is removed,
and the acid completely neutralized. Upon allowing the liquid to
remain quiescent for a short time in order that the impurities may settle
down, the oil will be refined without that serious loss from saponification
as now occurs in the ordinary process.
Attempts have been made to refine oils by means of sulphuric acid,
but I have found that it is inapplicable to cotton and some other
vegetable oils, as it not only fails to remove the colour, but it has a
tendency to darken the color of light colored oils.
IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER TRAVELLING CRANES OR CRABS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh Ellis and John Ellis
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 4th September 1875.
WC, HUGH ELLIS and JOHN ELLIS, of the Irwell Works, Salford, in
the County of Lancaster, Millwrights and Engineers, do hereby declarc
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER TRAVELLING
CRANES OR CRABS," to be as follows:
-
This Invention relates to those travelling cranes or crabs in which an
endless band or rope driven by any stationary engine or moving power
gives revolving motion to grooved pulleys for giving motion to the
various gearing and drums or barrels required for hoisting, traversing,
and lowering goods or other articles.
Hitherto the band or rope has passed in a single line over guide
pulleys, and the various changes of the several movements had to be
obtained by expensive combinations of clutches and gearing, but we
cause the band or rope for working the carriage on the tramway to pass
along in two lines, and use two grooved pulleys one above the other on
the same shaft for each of the several movements.

page_text: The band or rope as it traverses has one line running in one direction,
and the other line in the reverse direction, and if the band is pressed or
put into gear with one pulley, the carriage and all the working parts are
turned in one direction, but if the band of the first line of band is
_removed-from-the-first-pulley,-and-the-second-line-of-band-pressed or
geared with the second pulley, all the motions are reversed.
In order to shift the upper and lower lines of band or rope as required,
we pass them over or in contact with grooved pulleys carried on studs
on two armed levers, one pulley being at the end of one arm and the
other pulley at the end of the other arm, and these arms are worked as
required by handlės and worm gearing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MITRE CUTTING APPARATUS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Michelmore
and John Reap at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 18th June 1875.
We, WILLIAM HENRY MICHELMORE and JOHN REAP, both of Borough
Road, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MITRE CUTTING APPARATUS,” to be as
follows:-
Our Invention relates to apparatus employed for mitreing wood, that
is to say, cutting or shaving the ends of pieces of wood to an angle of
45°, so that when joined together they shall form the corner of a square
or rectangle, or to another angle suitable for the corner of any polygonal
figure. Such an apparatus as it is usually constructed consists of a
triangular frame, along one side of which a knife is caused to slide
rectilineally so as to cut or shave the end of a piece of wood laid along
another of the sides of the frame.
Our improvements consist in causing the knife to work in a path which
is not straight but curved, so that its edge instead of making a direct
transverse cut, shaves with a lateral and oblique gliding movement, thus

page_text: reducing the force necessary to work it, and effecting the cut of even
finely moulded wood without damaging the lines of the moulding.. The
knife may be made to slide between guides which are arcs of circles, or
it may be guided by radii of equal or of different lengths, so that every
point of its edge instead of moving in a straight line either directly 5
or obliquely across the fibres of the wood is caused to travel across them
in a curved path.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR STOPPERING BOTTLES CONTAINING AERATED AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh Jones and John Davies
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 22nd January 1875.
.
We, HUGH JONES and JOHN DAVIES, both of Ruthin, in the County
of Denbigh, North Wales, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR STOPPERING
BOTTLES CONTAINING AERATED AND OTHER LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in forming an aperture, preferably in a hori-
zontal direction through the neck of bottles, and inserting a plug therein
having an aperture through it, which latter forms a tap and may be
made of glass or any other suitable material. There is a socket in neck
under the tap to receive an india-rubber or other washer for keeping the
joint air-tight, even if the plug does not fit its aperture precisely. By
turning the tap in one direction admission is given to the interior of the
bottle, and by turning it in the other direction the passage is stopped.
Provision is made for turning the tap with facility by allowing it to
project a short distance outside the neck, or by forming it with a screw
end or with a nut to be turned by a key for example, or in other ways
found suitable for the purpose.

page_text: Bottles constructed according to our Invention are filled in the
ordinary way, and when full, in order to stopper same it is simply
necessary to turn the tap, when the india-rubber or other washer in the
neck of the bottle becomes tightly pressed against the tap as well as
against the neck of the bottle, and a perfectly tight joint is obtained.
When the taps are made in glass for example, and in other cases
where found necessary, we apply an india-rubber or other washer to
end of plug to prevent same from being easily withdrawn.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CEILINGS FOR THEATRES OR HALLS AND OTHER LIKE BUILDINGS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Linari Bellini at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th September 1875.
I, HENRY LINARI BELLINI, of St. John's Wood, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CEILINGS FOR THEATRES OR HALLS AND
OTHER LIKE BUILDINGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of ceilings
for theatres or halls and other like buildings, and is intended to increase
the acoustic properties and to provide increased facilities for lighting
and promoting ventilation, and also to afford facility for repairing or re-
decorating such halls or places without the erection of scaffolding.
The ceiling is constructed of convex form, with the lights arranged in
the centre and around the border, the cornice being perforated for the

page_text: escape of foul air and the ingress of fresh air. The reflectors of the
"borders" and centre lights are partially perforated for the escape of
the heated air from the gas, and the said reflectors are hinged or
removable for facilitating the cleaning thereof, at the same time pro-
_viding space for the lowering of "slings" for workmen.
A NEW OR IMPROVED GALVANIC SHIELD OR PROTECTOR FOR IMPARTING ELECTRICITY TO THE CHEST AND LUNGS AND OTHER PARTS OF THE HUMAN BODY
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Rogers at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
September 1875.
I, JOSEPH ROGERS, of Owens Row, Goswell Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "A NEW OR IMPROVED GALVANIC SHIELD OR PROTECTOR FOR IMPARTING
ELECTRICITY TO THE CHEST AND LUNGS AND OTHER PARTS OF THE HUMAN BODY,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel construction of electrical protectors
applicable to various parts of the human body to which it may be
necessary to communicate electrical currents.
:―
I form a series of batteries composed of copper and zinc as follows:-
I take a small plate of the metal and bend it double, leaving a narrow
space within, and I press the edges together and solder the same,
leaving a small opening for the insertion of a suitable exciting acid or
salt, or other electrical excitant compound, and I then hermetically
close the aperture, thus forming a cell. These cells may be respectively
of copper or of zinc, and are to be connected by short lengths of chain

page_text: or wire to each other, but by the intervention of a simple plate of
copper or zinc, so that a copper cell may be connected to a zinc plate,
and vice versâ; or I make the entire series in the cellular form excited
as described. Or in some cases I place the copper cell on the surface of
a zinc plate with the intervention of a piece of fabric, and I secure the
two by means of an eyelet rivet; or I place a zinc cell on a copper plate.
These may form separate batteries, but in some cases I connect the
entire series throughout my protector by means of chains or wires
exactly on the principle of a galvanic battery. And I also propose to
insulate the positive and negative elements by the intervention of gutta
percha or other insulating compound to assist the process.
In order to apply these batteries to the human body I employ
suitable fabrics, such as flannel or felt, wash leather, cotton, wool, or
silk, and I form receptacles or pockets in the interior lining or body of
the protector, and then apply my galvanic series in any positions and
number required with their connections, after which I complete the
article by external and internal layers of fabric, when by straps or
bands the protector may be adjusted to the chest or back, or both, or to
any desired part of the body to be treated.
In the chest and back protector I propose to employ an independent
battery or plate for the purpose of obtaining a positive current directly
through the body.
In lieu of copper and zinc I use platinum, platinized lead, silver, or
other well known metals or combinations of batteries, capable of con-
centration a small compass, the principle of my Invention being the
same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GRATES FOR STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES AND FIRE-BOXES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th September 1875.-A communication from abroad by Carl
Schan, Manager of the Locomotive Engine Works, of Wiener-
Neustadt, in the Empire of Austria.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GRATES FOR STEAM
BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES AND FIRE-BOXES," a communication, to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in giving to the grates of boiler and other
large furnaces a cylindrical or drum-like form, and causing the same to
suitably rotate in front of a small horizontal or inclined grate, the fuel
being supplied to the said revolving grate by peculiar self-acting
apparatus. The revolving grate is set on bearings with its longitudinal
axis at a right angle to the longitudinal axis of the furnace within
which it revolves. This drum grate is carried on a horizontal shaft, and
is fitted all round its periphery with fire-bars set parallel to the said
central shaft. The width of the whole grate is given by the horizontal

page_text: The hopper is further fitted with a feeding plate or frame connected
with the valve or damper, and to which is given an up-and-down
reciprocating motion to facilitate the gradual sinking down of the fuel.
In order to prevent the falling of the fuel from the hopper the bottom
space between the same and the drum is closed by means of a strip of
plate pressed against the periphery of the drum by means of counter-
weights.
The thickness of the layer of fuel on the drum is determined by means
of an adjustable plate bent at its bottom edge, and set at the back of
the feeding plate.
The mechanism for rotating the grate drum and actuating the feed
can be modified; it is however necessary so to arrange it that the drum
can be turned by hand to save time in lighting the fires. For this
purpose a worm wheel is fitted loosely on the drum shaft, and it only
impels the same when held by a screw bolt to a disc keyed on the shaft.
When this screw is loosened the drum can be turned by inserting a
lever into holes cast in the circumference of another disc fixed on this
shaft.