IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAINS AND DRAINAGE TRAPS
Year: 1885

page_text: BURTON RICHARD PHILLIPSON of 10 Lower Baggot Street in the city of Dublin
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
DRAINS AND DRAINAGE TRAPS and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
According to my present invention I construct drains of pipes and at convenient
positions upon the course of said drains I place straight branch pipes or inspection
eyes which meet the drains obliquely, these I carry up to (or near to) the surface of
the ground in which the drains are laid, see drawing No 1. I usually construct
inspection eyes of a smaller bore than the drains and at or near the point where
an inspection eye joins a drain (at A A) I enlarge the inspection eye pipe and
round off all angles within the same so as to form a bell mouth inlet from the
drain to the eye pipe. At the upper extremity of the eye pipe I place a cover (B)
and between the flange of the eye pipe and the cover I use an elastic washer (C)
for the purpose of securing an air tight joint between the eye pipe and the cover.
Paragraph 2. The object of the said invention is to provide means whereby
drains may be opened for inspection, cleared of obstructions and tested for
leakage.
Paragraph 3. Through the straight eye pipe A the drain is inspected, through it
clearing tools are passed into the drain, the bell mouth A. A facilitates the insertion
and withdrawal of the tools.
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Paragraph 4. The manner in which I test my drains is as followes: -I pass
into a drain through an inspection eye a circular elastic bag as shown in drawing
N° 2, which I then inflate until it forms a plug which will retain water in the
drain, through another eye I pass a similar bag and inflate it also. Having thus
plugged the drain at two points, I fill the space enclosed between the two with
water, and allow the water to remain in the drain for a sufficient length of time to
ascertain whether leakage takes place or not.
Paragraph 5. By testing the drains in sections, I am enabled not only to ascertain
whether there be a leak upon the drains or not, but also to localize within certain
limits the leakage if there be any.
Paragraph 6. In connection with my drains I use two special forms of water
trap, one for use upon the running course of drains (see drawing N° 3) and the
other for use at any point where water is admitted to a drain (sec drawing N° 5)
from a rain water or other discharge Dine.

page_text: Paragraph 7. In the trap for use on the course of drains, the water way is at its
inlet of the same bore as the pipe which discharges into it and is continued of the
same bore until it commences to descend, as it descends I gradually contract its
bore until at the lowest point E the water way is only about one half the area of
the inlet F. *
Paragraph 8. By the gradual reduction in the size of the water way to the low
point of the trap, I obtain an increased rate of flow through the trap and so make
the trap more self cleansing than it would be if the bore was continued of the same
size all through. Upon the said trap I place an inspection eye (G) set obliquely in
the same manner and for the same purpose as I set inspection eyes on my drains.
Paragraph 9. In drawing N° 4 I show the same form of trap as I have last
described (and shown in drawing N° 3) but with the addition of an inlet pipe con-
nection next the bottom of the trap, the said inlet is intended for the reception of a
flushing pipe. By the delivery of a flush of water into the bottom of the trap
I prevent the accumulation of solid matter within it, and in consequence avoid the
choakage of the drains delivering into the trap. I do not confine myself to the
special form of trap I have shown in my drawing No 4 for the working of my
flushing arrangment. I can apply it equally to any form of trap which has a dip
and rise in it.
Paragraph 10. The trap I use for the admission of water from rain water or
other such discharge pipe (drawing No 5) I construct as followes :-The body of the
trap is of a circular form with the ordinary dip or water seal and discharge pipe
for connection to drain, in the upper part of the circular body HI place a con-
necting inlet for the reception of the water pipe which is to discharge into the
trap. I make the body of the trap in 2 parts which fit together with an ordinary
rebated or spiggot and faucet joint between its upper (H) and lower (J) parts.
Having the body of a circular form and made in two parts I am enabled to place
the inlet and outlet at whatever angle to each other be most convenient in each
caso.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1st The application of a straight inspection eye placed obliquely on a drain, and
extending from the drain to (or near to) the surface of the ground in which the
drain is laid.
2nd The application of a bell mouth inlet from a drain to an inspection eye as
described in paragraph N° 1 of this specification.
3rd The use of an elastic bag or bags for the plugging of drains.
4th The formation of a drainage trap with a waterway having a gradual con-
traction of bore as it approaches its lowest part.
5th The formation of a drain trap with a scouring branch leading into the bottom
of the trap.
6th The formation of a circular surface water trap made in two parts, having an
inlet branch in one part, and an outlet in the other as described in paragraph 10 of
this specification.
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