IN DRIVING AND OTHER CHAINS FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES
Year: 1885

page_text: I, WILLIAM MORGAN of Cannon Street, Birmingham in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
" to be as follows:-
IN DRIVING AND OTHER CHAINS FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES
My invention has for its object the formation of the links of chain; and consists
in making or forming each link of two separate and detachable parts joined or
connected together at their ends by means hereinafter described; and the principal
objects of making the links in independent halves is for the purpose of facilitating
or aiding the connection and disconnection of adjacent links of a chain with each
other, whether the links be roller or of the same kind-And this my said invention
is principally an improvement upon Letters Patent granted to me on the 13th day
of March 1883 and numbered 1352; and also upon an application for Letters
Patent made by me on the 3rd day of March 1885 and numbered 2787, but a part
of my present improvements are applicable to chains in common use.
Chains made according to my invention can be conveniently put together or
pulled to pieces without the use of special tools; and further, the links are rendered
as strong as those made from one piece of metal, and the parts or bush clips, which
tend to hold the links together are movable, and can be removed on wear. So that'
the chain constantly and only wears upon a detachable part, which when replaced
by one unworn, the chain resumes its normal state.
I will describe my invention in connection with what is known as a Morgan
Roller Chain.
Each half link of a complete link, is made a counterpart of the other, and
consists of a complete side or bar turned up at its ends to an extent about equal
to the inside breadth of the link to be formed. The turned ends which constitute
the half of each end of the link are recessed or cut away for a short distance upon
their inner sides which slope upwards to the offside, and at the same time leaving
a protuberance or wedge like key upon its extreme outer end, with sides sloping
downwards to the offside of the turned end. The back parts of the ends of this
link are made uniform, or are in the same plane as the side of the link-The other
half of the link is of the same formation as already described, but when reversed
from back to front, so as to present the undulatory or key-like parts to each other,
they interlock, and form when combined, uniform link ends; that is, the turned
Elmias 10 927

page_text: ends of each half consist of claw or dove tail like parts which overlap and interlock
one within the other so as to break joint with the terminal ends, and when the
parts are in the position as described with the roller links threaded on the sides,
spring bush clips are slipped or passed over the interlocked ends or end bars with
the slit or gap of the said clip presented to the outside; and it is upon the inside
solid part of this hardened steel clip, that the wear of the chain takes place.
The end seginental bars of the links may be Vd respectively he and she, so as to
lie within each other, when the half links are put together. The said ends may
also be made to mitre and overlap each other and be kept together or in position
by a rib on the inner side of the clip which takes into a coincident groove crossing
the combined mitred ends, which prevents side slip and longitudinal travel; and
further, the terminal ends of the end bars may be turned hook like, and take over
the opposite sides of the long link or rather drop into recesses at the junction of
the sides with the ends or made peg-like with a corresponding hole. The segmental
ends are kept in position as before by an inside or outside bush or clip.
Instead of the half links being made with segmental ends, so as to lock one
within the other, they are made L form and uniform throughout, other than at the
terminal ends of the longer sides, which have eyes or holes through which the
short ends of the opposite bar passes and is rivetted to form a link; that is, two
of the bent halves are put together and rivetted at the terminal short ends, so
as to connect the parts constituting the links together. The metal forming the
sides may be made from half round wire bent upon itself. When this link is
required to be made without rivetting, the end bars are necked or slightly reduced
near their outer ends, while the side bars are gapped with openings or passages
leading to the holes or centres wherein the necks on the end bars rest when the
half links are put together. The said gapped parts are of larger diameter than
the neck-holes on the end bars, to allow the head or parts of larger diameter to
pass through, for the attachment of the respective end bars to the side bars, thus
preventing lateral motion or displacement of the half links when connected
together.
In the formation of joining up links which are made in halves or in two parts
as before described, the one half has upon its inner side a bush of a depth equal to
the breadth of the inside of the link, while the other half has a peg which goes into
the hollow of the bush on the other part, and turns upon that part as a centre,
on the opening out of the link. The segmental ends are divided on one side, and
cross bar and hook-like on the other; or the centre part may be made rigid while
the end bars are split or divided in a half way position.
Also the links can be made of sheet metal or sheet steel pierced with holes or
gaps for the wheel teeth to pass into; and when the sheet metal blanks are turned
over and inserted into each other, with the steel bush clips coming between the
wearing surfaces, the parts are held together. These steel bush clips can be used,
or are applicable to existing forms of chains.
The links hereinbefore described can have projections cast or forged upon them
to serve the numerous purposes for which they may be used.
WILLIAM MORGAN.
By Henry Skerrett,
Agent to the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Driving and other Chains for Various
Purposes.
I, WILLIAM MORGAN of Cannon Street, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN DRIVING AND OTHER CHAINS FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES," and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
My invention has for its object the formation of the links of chain; and consists
in making or forming each link of two separate and detachable parts joined or
connected together at their ends by means hereinafter described; and the principal
objects of making the links in independent halves is for the purpose of facilitating
or aiding the connection and disconnection of adjacent links of a chain with each
other, whether the links be roller or of the same kind. And this my said invention
is principally an improvement upon Letters Patent granted to me on the 13th day
of March 1883 and numbered 1352; and also upon an application for Letters
Patent made by me on the 3rd day of March 1885 and numbered 2789, but a part
of my present improvements are applicable to chains in common use.
Chains made according to my invention can be conveniently put together or
pulled to pieces without the use of special tools; and further, the links are
rendered as strong as those made from one piece of metal, and the parts or bush
clips, which tend to hold the links together are movable, and can be removed on
wear. So that the chain constantly and only wears upon a detachable part, which
when replaced by one unworn, the chain resumes its normal state.
I will describe my invention in connection with what is known as a Morgan
Roller Chain.
Each half link of a complete link, is made a counterpart of the other, and
consists of a complete side or bar turned up at its ends to an extent about equal to
the inside breadth of the link be formed. The turned ends which constitutes
the half of each end of the link, are recessed or cut away for a short distance upon
their inner sides which slope upwards to the offside, and at the same time leaving
a protuberance or wedge like key upon its extreme outer end, with sides sloping
downwards to the offside of the turned end. The back parts of the ends of this
link are made uniform, or are in the same plane as the side of the link. The other
half of the link is of the same formation as already described, but when reversed
from back to front, so as to present the undulatory or key like parts to each other,
they interlock, and form when combined, uniform link ends; that is, the turned
ends of each half consist of claw or dovetail like parts which overlap and interlock
one within the other so as to break joint with the terminal ends, and when the
parts are in the position as described with the roller links, threaded on the sides,
spring bush clips are slipped or passed over the interlocked ends or end bars with
the slit or gap of the said clip presented to the outside; and it is upon the inside
solid part of this hardened steel clip, that the wear of the chain takes place. The
end segmental bars of the links may be V d'respectively he and she, so as to lie

page_text: within each other, when the half links are put together. The said ends may also
be made to mitre and overlap each other and be kept together or in position by a
rib on the inner side of the clip, which takes into a coincident groove crossing the
combined mitred ends, which prevents side slip and longitudinal travel; and
further, the terminal ends of the end bars may be turned hook like, and take over
the opposite sides of the long link or rather drop into recesses at the junction of
the sides with the ends, or made peg like with a corresponding hole. The
segmental ends are kept in position as before described by an inside or outside
bush or clip.
Instead of the half links being made with segmental ends, so as to lock one
within the other, they are made L form and uniform throughout, other than
at the terminal ends of the longer sides, which have eyes or holes through which
the short ends of the opposite bar passes and is rivetted, to form a link; that is,
two of the L bent halves are put together and rivetted at the terminal short ends,
so as to connect the parts constituting the links together. The metal forming the
.sides may be made from half round wire bent upon itself.
In the formation of joining up links which are made in halves or in two parts
as before described, the one half has upon its inner side a bush of a depth equal to
the breadth of the inside of the link, while the other half has a peg which goes into
the hollow of the bush on the other part, and turns upon that part as a centre, on
the opening out of the link. The segmental ends are divided on one side and cross
bar and hook like on the other; or the centre part may be made rigid, while the
end bars are split or divided in a half way position.
Also the links can be made of sheet metal or sheet steel pierced with holes or
gaps for the wheel teeth to pass into; and when the sheet metal blanks are turned
over and inserted into each other, with the steel bush clips coming between the
wearing surfaces, the parts are held together. These steel bush clips can be used,
or are applicable to existing forms of chains.
The links herein-before described can have projections cast or forged upon them
to serve the numerous purposes for which they may be used.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings,
the manner in which the same is to be performed.
Figure 1 is a plan, figure 2 a side elevation, and figure 3 is an end elevation of a
chain link made in two parts or halves, separable and detachable at their ends;
and which said parts are coupled and held together by affixing clips or shoes,
which take the wear and friction of the parts of a link in contact, and which said
chain link and clip, is constructed according to one part of my invention. Figure 4
is a longitudinal vertical section of two of the said links, coupling together inter-
mediate roller links, the rollers being shown in elevation. Figure 5 shows the link
figure 1, with the coupling clips or shoes removed, in order to exhibit the joints or
the meeting edges of the half links. Figure 6 is a longitudinal vertical section on
the dotted lines A B. Figure 7 are transverse sections of the clips or shoes
separately. Figure 8 are the two detachable halves of the link figure 1, separated,
and showing that each half link is a counterpart of the other half; and that the
allotted duty of the one half, is to lock or engage with the other half, or rather
the end bars of one half link, with the end bars of the other half link. Figure 9
is an end elevation of the parts of the two half links, showing the locking keys or
means by which the two halves are coupled together. Figure 10 shows the same
in section, and exhibiting the insides of the end bars, instead of the outsides, as
in figure 9.
The same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in figures 1 to 10
both inclusive of the accompanying Drawings.
a is one half link, and b is the other or second half link, with their respective
ends a², b², made or formed into interlocking keys or devices, which when brought
together, they fit accurately one within each other, and couple the two half links
together; that is, each half link of a complete link is a counterpart of, the other
half, and consists of complete sides or bais turned up at their ends, with an extent

page_text: about equal to the inside length or span of an end bar, or of a link to be formed.
The upper side of the one half link, and the underside of the other (when two half
links are brought together) are hollowed out into seats or recesses (marked
respectively a³ ³) with shoulder or raised parts which form inter-locking keys or
devices a b; so that on the two half links coming together, the key like pro-
tuberances a a' on the undersides of the ends of the bars of the half link a,
accurately fit or seat themselves within the recesses b³ ³ on the top sides of the
ends of the half link b, and so do the keys or protuberances b* 6* on the ends of
the half link b, fit into the recesses a³ a³ of the half link a, thereby interlocking or
connecting the two half links together, by the rotuberances and recesses of the
one end, fitting into and upon the protuberances and recesses of the one end,
fitting into and upon the protuberances and recesses on the other end, so as to
overlap and break joint, with the segmental portions constituting the end bars
of a link.
On the two half links having been put together, with an intermediate roller or
other link connected with the now closed link, cou,dling spring bushes or shoes c
are slipped or passed over the interlocked inside ends of the end bars, with the
open sides of the clips presented out war is, and the outsides which are preferably
of the curvature of the inside contact edge of an adjacent link, are presented
inwards. The curved faces of these wearing clips or shoes, are marked c³. Thus
it is upon the inside solid parts of these friction or wearing shoes and couplers
combined (which is of hardened steel phosphor bronze or other metal) that the
contact wear of the adjacent coupled links takes place.
Figure 11 shows a transverse section, figure 12 a front view, and figure 13 a
front view of a friction clip of combined friction and coupling clips provided with
roller or ball bearing surfaces.
c is the clip or shoe, and c³ the socket, wherein a ball or long roller d works,
which said ball or roller is presented either to another shoe upon the inside bar of
an adjacent link or to the naked bar of an inside adjacent link-In figures 11
and 12 two sockets are shown, wherein the balls seat themselves-Figures 14, 15
and 16 show a front elevation, transverse and longitudinal sections of another form
of friction clip or shoe, in which the middle is bowed inwards; so that the wearing
takes place only upon the centre with knife edge c*.
Although I have described generally that these clips or shoes are employed for
both coupling or connecting together, or for keeping together the segments con-
stituting a chain link, when coupled, and also for taking the wearing of adjacent
coupled links, yet the said shoes or clips may be employed for the latter only; that
is, for taking the contact wear of adjacent links when made up into a chain.
Figure 17 is a modification of figure 1-Figure 18 is a cross section of the said
modification upon the dotted lines CD-In this arrangement, the end bars or the
division of the end bars, is made slightly undercut or claw like, so as to interlock
with each other when placed together, and prevented from rising, without employing
the coupling or securing clip c-In this form of link, the halves are introduced into
position when in an inclined direction, so that the foot on one part, is allowed to
pass under a corresponding over-hanging part, which thus prevents the link when
in position, or the half links when connected together, frou becoming disjointed,
as the longitudinal tension of the links when made into a chain, keeps the parts in
position Figure 19 shows the half links separate or unlocked from each other―
Figure 20 is a front elevation of a similar link without the under-cut locking
parts-In this form of link, it is desirable to employ the clip c, to bond the two
halves of the link together-In this form of link as in the previous forms, the parts
of the end bars break joint and inter-lock-Figure 21 shows a link with the
adjacent roller links detached, and also with the clips removed-Figure 22 is a
side elevation of figure 21-Figure 23 show sections of the parts figure 21, on the
dotted lines E F-Figure 24 is a transverse section on the dotted lines E¹ F-
Figure 25 shows the ends of the links detached. Figure 26 represent the upper
and undersides of the two halves of the link separately-a is the one half link,

page_text: and b is the other half link-a² are recesses, and a³ are keys or studs at the ends
or the segmental ends of the half link a, while b³ are recesses, and 63 are keys or
studs, formed in and on the end segmental bars of the half link b; so that in putting
the two half links together, the respective standing out projections of the one, take
into the respective recesses or depressions of the other.
Figure 27 shows a link in which recesses are made in the inside parts of the
segmental ends of the link, and into these depressions, corresponding he projections
on the inside faces of the clips take-Figure 28 is a cross section of the link,
showing the said slit or gap which is marked e, while is the projection on the
inside of the clip c-Figure 29 is a section of the clip, showing more clearly the
key or projection f-Figure 30 is one end of a link in elevation, showing
the depression or she key way e.
Figure 31 shows a link constructed according to my invention, and provided
with a continuous clip in the form of a spring roller made from steel spring; that
is, the clip is a rotary one, and made in the forni of a helix, from strip steel-By
making the roller clip of the form as described, it can be introduced upon the
segments of an end bar in the manner following-
The yielding roller clip is first introduced upon one end or segment, and then
introduced upon the other by pressing the latter into the inside of the spring clip;
so that on pressure being applied, the metal of the clip gives way, and allows the
key upon one segment, to fall into the key recess of the other segment, when the
clip returns to its normal position and embraces two segments of the end bar-
This clip serves both the double purpose of taking the wear of the chain, and
securing or holding the segmental ends of the links together-ab are the half links,
and g are the spiral roller clips-Figure 32 is a longitudinal section of the said
link and roller clip figure 31-Figure 33 is a side elevation of my new or improved
detachable links, applied to a chain for hauling or working excavator buckets,
scrapers, dredgers and other carriers-a is the link, c are the clips or link wearing
shoes, and h are intermediate roller links-i is a bracket to which an attachment i
is secured The bracket eye forms an integral part or is made with the link of the
chain Figure 34 is a plan of the link of the said bucket chain and its attachments,
and figure 35 is an end view of the same.
Figure 36 is a modification of my new or improved link with thickened ends
and all made from sheet metal, or fashioned between dies worked in a stamp-The
end bars of the link when its segmental ends are put together, are of double or
about double the thickness as that of the side bars, so that a larger amount of
metal is disposed at the parts where the greatest wear and tensile strain takes
place. a is the one half link, and 6 is the other half link, which have respectively
upon their opposed locking faces, keys or projections a², 62, which engage within
gapped or cut away parts formed respectively on the said locking faces, or
within the insides of the ends of the links and are marked a³ 63. The opposite
locking faces of the said half links are also provided with shoulders a' b at their
respective corners.
By constructing chain links as described, the ends are considerably thickened,
while the side links are centrally disposed. Figure 37 is a side view, figure 38
shows the half links disjointed, and figure 39 shows the ends of the separate
half links.
.
Figure 40 shows a similar link made from sheet metal, in which the half links
are formed from U shaped blanks, cut out and the key parts turned up at right
angles, from the positions as shown in dotted lines. Figure 41 is an end view
of figure 40. Figure 42 is a half link, and figure 43 is a section on dotted
lines H I.
Figure 44 shows a plan of another form of link constructed according to my
invention, in which the whole of the link is divided longitudinally and trans-
versely; so that the division between the two halves of the said link, runs in a
direction parallel to its length, and also parallel to its upper face. The division of
the adjacent halves of the link, is first vertical through half of the end bars, then

page_text: horizontal through the side bars, meeting the vertical divisions aforenamed, thus
each half link is a complete thin link by itself, with a split or divided end, this end
is of the inside breadth of a link, and when the two halves are together, they lie
between the inside of the links, and form a portion of the end bars. a is one half
link, and b is the other half link, (see figure 45) a³, a are the divided side bars of
the one, and 63, 62 are the divided side bars of the other. a³ is a half end bar of a
and a is a split or divided half end bar on the other side, as best seen in the
sections figures 46 and 47. 63 is the half end bar of segment b, and b is the
other half end bar, but this is split or divided, to admit of the connecting together
of the links.
In putting the two half links together, they are simply dropped one upon the
other, with the respective split ends lying within the inside spaces of the links.
Clips, or combined clips and shoes are employed for coupling the halves of the
links in nearly all of the preceding modifications as described and represented.
Figure 48 shows a modification of the last form of link, figure 49 are the two
half links separately, (in plan) figure 50 is a vertical section of the same, and
figure 51 are end views of the separate half links. a is one half link, and b is
the other half link, divided equally through both side and end bars. a² is a gap in
the one end of the half link a, and 62 is a gap or opening in the half link b―
a³ and 63 are keys or taper standing out studs, which fit respectively into the gaps
or openings a², 62 in the ends of the links. By leaving gaps a², 63 as represented,
a ready means is thus afforded in coupling up adjacent links, in the making up
of a chain.
The half links are put together by a sliding motion.
Figure 52 shows another form of segmental link, in which the connection is
made at the side bars, and are secured in position or coupled together by both,
a vertical and horizontal movement. Figure 53 are the half links separately, and
figure 54 is section on the dotted lines A B figure 52, and figure 55 are sections
of the half link separately. a is the one half link, and b is the other half link,
provided respectively with locking keys a², 62 which respectively fit into slot
holes a, b. The said keys are gapped upon their inside ends, and marked respec-
tively a, b the depth of the gaps being equal to the thickness of the metal
surrounding the piercings or slotted holes through which the keys first pass, and
then slide away from each other, in coupling together the half links, or the halves
of the links.
In coupling together the two half links, place the respective keys or projections
of the one, through the piercings in the other, when by a longitudinal sliding
motion the half links are connected together; forming a complete link, as strong
and efficient as if it had been made solid, or in one piece.
The wearing clips or wearing shoes, are made out of the metal of the links,
instead of being separable and detachable, as before described.
a³ and b are the wearing or friction shoes on the insides of the end bars. These
shoes are formed from an extension of the metal of the half link, shown in dotted
lines, which is folded from back to front, or folded over and around the end bars,
thus thickening the end bars, to the extent of a double or triple thickness of metal,
and at the same time forming shoes or friction surfaces, where the wear of the
adjacent links of a chain takes place.
Figure 56 represents in plan, another form of link made according to my inven-
tion, in which two halves or segments are interlocked or secured together by a
sliding motion. Figure 57 shows the two separate half links or segments, and
figure 58 represents the same in the act of being connected together, or the
respective positions which the two half links assume on forming a complete link ;
that is, the half links are placed in the positions as represented, and then by a
sliding motion, interlocked with each other. Figure 59 is a longitudinal section of
figure 56 on the dotted lines, and figure 60 is the same, but with the half links
separated. a is the one half link, and b is the other half link, respectively formed
with hook connections a², 6° at the two opposite sides of each link, and through

page_text: these hooked connections, the ends are split or divided for the purpose before
stated. The said hooked ends, are inade out of the same metal as that of the blank
of the link; that is, each blank is first cut out of sheet metal, leaving an inside
tongue piece as represented in dotted lines, which is subsequently turned in the
form of a hook, which lies or is made to lie parallel to the face of the end bars,
leaving a space or gap between itself and the underside of the bar. a³ ³ are
shoulders or end stops against which the respective split ends of the links come
and abut; the inside portions of the hooked connections a² 6 form friction shoes
or clips for taking the wear of roller or other links.
.
In putting together the two halves of a link, it is only necessary to change the
plane of the divided ends and slip through the gapped portions thus made, an
adjacent link. The same is done with respect to the other half link. The two half
links are then placed with their respective upper and under surfaces in juxta
position as represented in figure 5S, when they are then moved one upon the other,
as represented in figure 56, with the hooked like portions ab engaging respec-
tively with the end bars of each half link, thereby firmly and securely affixing
the segments of the links together, without employing clips or such like securing
expedients.
Figure 61 shows another form of link, made from half round wire, and twisted
spirally, so as to break the joints, and bond the division of the metal of which
each link is made. The terminals of the sides of the half links are looped into
eyes, and through the eyes of the loops, the terminal ends of the respective end
bars of each half link, is secured by rivetting or spreading outwards the metal.
In the said figure 61, the said links are used in connection with intermediate roller
links, which are shown in section. Figure 62 is a side elevation of the same.
Figure 63 are the half links separate or separated from each other. Figure 64 is
an end of one of the said half links. a is one half link, and b is the other half
link, a is an eye or loop formed at the end of one side, and 62 is an eye or loop
formed at the terminal end of the other side. a is the end bar of the side a, and
63 is the end of the half link b, the respective terminal ends a³ ³ are passed
through the respective eyes or loops a b², and then rivetted on the outer sides
c, are the intermediate roller links, and d are the clips or shoes for taking the wear
upon the insides of the ends of the links.
Figure 65 is a joining up link, or it may be used as an ordinary chain link. It
consists of one side and an end of the link a, turning upon a joint or centre a²;
the forward end of the said side is made hook like and is marked a³, and when in
position as in the said figure 65, it closes the gap through which an adjacent link
is passed in coupling. a' is the heel or back part of the jointed half link or
segmental portion of a link, and its position is limited and determined by a stop
or shoulder 63 of the other half link band against which said stop the end a³
rests and abuts. Figure 66 shows the same in side elevation, with two roller links
joined up.
Figure 67 represents another modification of a segmental joining up link. a is
one half link, and b is the other. The end a² is rabated, and provided with a pin
or projection a³ which takes into a hole 63 in the end of the balf b. The other
end of a has a square slot a' wherein the end b* engages and slides to the position
as represented in the said figure 67. Figure 68 are half links separate or discon-
nected one from cach other.
Figure 69 shows another form of segmental joining up link. a is a U half link
which is closed or coupled by a jointed side link b, with a reverse slot b², and an
enlarged ended slot 63. Figure 70 is a plan, and figure 71 the parts separated.
The terminals of the U half are formed into key ends a² a³, so that the opening b³
at plate or side b is first introduced on the end a³ as in dotted lines, and then
turned round and secured on the other end, as represented in figure 69.
Figure 72 is another form of joining up link, made in halves or segments. a is
one part, and b the other part; the part b swivels upon the end a², while the end a³

page_text: is mitred or slanted off, with end interlocking key and key recess c² on the adjacent
meeting faces a³, b. Figure 73 is an end view, figure 74 a side view opened, and
figure 75 an end view of figure 74.
Figure 76 is a modification of figure 72; in this case, the joint at the middle,
instead of at one end. The ends are made to overlap each other in reverse direc-
tions. a is one link a' is an axis, b is the other, with sleeve or bush 6ª which turns
upon the axis a² as a centre. 63 b are the ends of half link b, and a³ is the end of
link a. a* is a recess in which the end b³ engages. Figure 77 is an end elevation
of the same. Figure 78 are the parts or half links detached, and figure 79 shows
the two half links opened out. Figure 80 is an elevation, and figure 81 the same
opened out, showing a link open on one side only and provided with locking or key
projections and key recesses at the joints of the meeting ends.
Figure 82 represents another form of chain link made up into chain and con-
structed according to my invention and made from sheet metal. The said link
consists essentially of a pierced blank of double the length of link to be formed,
which is folded about its middle with the terminal ends in juxta position, leaving
a kite like opening between the adjacent half links, or rather the two sides formed
by the continuous blank-The terminal ends are secured and bound together by a
solid clip or shoe, which forms the joint centre upon which the respective links of
a chain turn or move; and between the outside surface or periphery of the circular
clip or shoe, and the inside surface of the folded part of the link, a wearing bush
or supplementary lining is disposed. Figure 83 is a side elevation of a chain,
made up of a series of links as described.
Figure 84 is a vertical section of the same, and figure 85 is a blank from which
one of the links is formed-a is the pierced link made from sheet metal, and
a² are the coincident piercings. b is a solid clip or wearing shoe, and constitutes
the centre upon which the links of the chain turn, and also forms the means of
securing, and closing together the terminal ends a³ of the said link. C is a semi
circular inside bush, for taking the wear of the link instead of the wear coming
upon the inside surface of the folded part a' of the link. a³ is a tongue, for
confining or keeping both the bush and clip in position. The said tongue is made
by the bending down of a portion of the metal of the blank, after the parts have
been placed in position.
Figure 86 represents a modification of the last form of chain links. It consists
in forming the entire link, and also wearing bush, from the same blank or piece of
metal, which is folded somewhat upon itself, so as to form a link. The loop part
or the eye of the link or the end of the link whereby the adjacent links are con-
nected together is also considerably strengthened by so forming the blank, that a
portion of its metal is folded on its outside as well as on its inside. Figure 87 is
a side elevation of a chain made up of links constructed according to this last
named modification, and figure 88 is a vertical section of the same, while figure 89
is a section of a link upon a larger scale, and figure 90 is the blank from which
the link and the foldings of the metal of the link are formed. a is the link, b is the
bush or wearing shoe as before described, a² is the back or folded part of the link,
and a³ is a tongue cut out of the metal of the blank, and folded around the outer
periphery of the end a³, so as to form a double thickness of metal. a is a second
tongue, which is folded inside the loop a³ of the folded part of the link, and con-
stitutes the bush which takes the contact wear of the clip or shoe b; the partial
folding or doubling of the metal is performed prior to the connecting together of
the links, in forming a chain, other than the internal lining or bush part which is
simply bent downwards, for enclosing and keeping in position the clip or shoe.
Figure 91 is a modification of the clip or shoe end; it is made by the folding
of the terminal ends of the link upon themselves and in a backward direction,
and afterwards introducing and securing upon the inside end, a clip or shoe,
which may be removable or fixed. The folded ends are marked a³ and the clip is
marked b².

page_text: .
.
'
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
-
First. Making chain links in segmental halves, or in two parts, (the one half
being a counterpart of the other) and coupled together by clips or friction shoes,
substantially as described and set forth in figures 1 to 60 both inclusive.
Secondly-Detachable segmental chain links-Making the said chain links in
halves, (the one a duplicate or the counterpart of the other) or in two parts, divided
at their ends or end bars, which overlap and break joint .one with another, and
connected together by interlocking or key like projections or devices, taking and
fitting into key or projection recesses, and gaps or recesses and gaps alone, made or
formed respectively in or upon the presented upper and under faces of the half end
bars, whether the said interlocking parts be undercut or plain, substantially as
described and illustrated in figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22,
23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 33, 34, 35 of the accompanying drawings.
Thirdly. Making chain links in halves, or in two parts, divided at their ends or
end bars which overlap and break joint one with another, and form end bars of
double the thickness as the side bars, and which said end bars or the half end bars
are connected together by interlocking shoulder projections, taking into gapped or
cut away parts substantially as described and illustrated in figures 36 to 43 both
inclusive of the accompanying drawings.
Fourthly. In chain links which admit of their being joined or disjointed at
pleasure Making chain links in halves, or in two parts, the one the duplicate or
counterpart of the other, and joined at their sides, which overlap and break joint
one with another. The connection and locking together of the half links is effected
by key projections (with undercuts) engaging within gaps or pierced holes sub-
stantially as described and illustrated in figures 52 and 53.
Fifthly. Making chain links in halves or in two parts, divided longitudinally,
through the side bars and transversely through the end bars, with one of the
transverse ends of each half link split or divided, to admit of connection and dis-
connection with adjacent links or segmental halves of adjacent links, substantially
as described and illustrated in figure 44, 45, 46 and 47 of the accompanying
drawings.
Sixthly. Making chain links in halves or in two parts, divided longitudinally,
and having key gaps and key studs on the two opposite ends of each half link,
which are constructed and put together and interlocked one with another, sub-
-stantially as described and illustrated in figures 48, 49, 50 and 51,
Seventhly. Making chain links in balves or in two parts divided longitudinally,
with one of the transverse ends of each half link split or divided, to admit of
connection and disconnection with adjacent links. The locking and embracing
together of the two halves being effected by a hook connector 62 carried at the
split ends, and also by a stop flange 63 substantially as described and illustrated in
figures 57, 58 and 59.
Eighthly. Making joining up links of two parts, with interlocking ends or sides,
substantially as described and illustrated in figures 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72 and 73
of the accompanying drawings.
Ninthly Making joining up links of segmental halves with interlocking ends
and pivoted centre, substantially as described. and illustrated in figures 76, 77, 78
and 79.
Tentbly. Making joining up links in halves or in two parts, of which one is pivoted
(horizontally or vertically) upon a pin or joint centre, substantially as described
and illustrated in figures 65, 66, 74 and 75 of the accompanying drawings,
Eleventhly. In excavator or carrier link attachments in combination with
the links or half links substantially as described and illustrated in figures 33, 34
and 35.

page_text: Twelfthly. In a chain link, with one end only divided, and that connected by
interlocking key connections and recesses substantially as described and illustrate
in figures 80 and 81.
Thirteenthly. Providing the inside end bars of chain links, with detachable or
removable friction clips or shoes for taking the wear of adjacent or contiguous
links substantially as described and set forth.
Fourteenthly. A combined coupling and friction clip or shoe, which both covers
the overlapping divided ends of a segmental chain link and also takes the wear of
the coupled adjacent or contiguous links as described and set forth.
Fifteenthly. A yielding roller clip which encircles and couples the divided.
ends of a segmental link, substantially as described and illustrated in figures 31
and 32.
Sixteenthly. A ball, roller, cone, or knife edged bearing clip or shoe for taking
or relieving the wear of segmental chain links, substantially as described and
illustrated in figures 11 to 16 both inclusive.
Seventeenthly. Forming wearing shoes or friction shields, upon the insides of
the end bars of chain links, in one piece with the ends or bars aforesaid, in both
segmental and solid links, substantially as described and set forth in figures 52
to 60 both inclusive.
Lastly. The formation and construction of chain links from sheet or plate metal,
fashioned and folded link wise, and loop wise, from a blank, whose terminal ends
are secured by a clip or wearing shoe, which takes both the wear, couples an
adjacent link, and forms the centre around which the said adjacent link turns,
(with or without an internal bush or lining c) substantially as described and set
forth in figures 82, 83 84 and 85; also the link as described in figures 86 to 90
both inclusive, in which the internal wearing bush a and outside a³ are made
out of the metal of the blank, and also in the modification of the clip end aⓇ in
figure 91.