An Improvement in relation to Drills and Chucks for Boring Metals and other Substances.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Feb., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 12th Nov., 1895-Accepted, 14th Dec., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improvement in relation to Drills and Chucks for Boring Metals
and other Substances.
CHARLES BOWERS 37 Market Street Droylsden Mechanic do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Hitherto drills have been made from round steel, according to my invention
I propose making them from self-hardening or cast steel bars of rectangular section,
and grooving them a portion of their length on two sides.
The chucks for holding the drills are made of round steel or iron one end of
which fits in spindle of machine the other end is bored out to receive a bush which
is formed in such a manner as to hold the rectangular shank of drill in a true
position.
Dated thie 9th day of Kabuver 100
CHARLES BOWERS.
An Improvement in relation to Drills and Chucks for Boring Metals
and other Substances.
1, CHARLES BOWERS, of 37 Market Street, Droylsden, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
Hitherto drills have been made from round steel. According to my invention
1 propose making them from self-hardening or cast steel bars of rectangular section
and grooving them a portion of their length on two sides when necessary or
desirable.
The chuck for holding drills is made of round iron one end of which fits into
spindle of machine. The other end is bored out to receive a bush which is
formed in such a manner as to hold the rectangular shank of drill in a true
position.
In the accompanying drawings, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 illustrate some forms of
drills made according to my invention.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a drill intended for drilling ordinary holes and
twisted in order that it may be as stiff as possible in proportion to its sectional
area and so that it is furnished with grooves in order that the borings made by the
use of such drill may be extracted from the holes drilled thereby.
Fig. 2 is a transverse section taken on the plane indicated by the line (A) (A)
of Fig. 1 through the shank of the drill illustrated in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a side elevation of a drill intended for use in drilling slots and provided
with grooves on two of its sides and
Fig. 4 is a transverse section taken on the plane indicated by the line (A) (A)
of Fig. 3 through the shank of the drill illustrated in Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a side elevation of a drill intended for use for such purposes as facing
nuts and provided with two cutting edges or faces.

page_text: Fig. 6 is a transverse section taken on the plane indicated by the line (A) (A)
of Fig. 5 through the shank of the drill illustrated in Fig. 5.
Each of the drills illustrated in the accompanying drawings like every drill made
according to my invention is made from a rectangular bar of self hardening steel
sometimes known as "Mushet's steel" or from a rectangular bar of cast steel and
is formed or brought into the required shape by any suitable means and in any
suitable manner and if not made of self hardening steel which only requires to be
heated and allowed to cool, are hardened and tempered in any suitable manner
and each of such drills is so made that its shank shall be rectangular as is clearly
indicated in Figs. 2. 4 and 6, whatever shape may be given to the part of such
drill which bears the cutting edge or cutting edges thereof.
Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 of the accompanying drawings illustrate a chuck made
according to my invention, and a bush for use therewith, Fig. 7 being a side
elevation of the chuck, Fig. 8 a front view and Fig. 9 a longitudinal section taken
on the plane indicated by the line (B) (B) of Fig. 8, and Fig. 10 being a plan of
the said bush, and Fig. 11 a transverse section taken on the plane indicated by the
line (C) (C) of Fig. 10. The chuck (a) is formed with a shank (a) turned to fit
the spindle of the drilling machine in which it is to be employed and is provided
with a recess (a 2) turned or bored to receive any one of several bushes (6)
provided for use in conjunction with it, of which bushes one is shown in position in
the chuck and also illustrated in Figs. 10 and 11. The chuck (a) is provided with
a catch or detent (c). The catch or detent (c) is mounted in a hole or passage
formed in the ehuck (a) and is caused to protrude from the hole or passage in
which it is mounted towards the axis of the chuck by means of a spring bearing at
one end against a shoulder formed on the said catch or detent and at the other end
against a plug screwed into the chuck (a) so as to close the outer end of the hole
or passage in which the catch or detent (c) is mounted. The catch or detent (c)
acting in conjunction with a groove (61) formed in one end and along one side of
cach bush (b) employed in conjunction with the chuck (a) serves to ensure that such
bush (b) shall be inserted in the chuck (a) in the proper position in relation
thereto and such detent (c) acting in conjunction with a slight hole or recess
formed in a suitable position in each bush (b) employed in conjunction with the
chuck (a) serves to hold such bush (b) in position in the chuck (a) when it is
placed therein so as to prevent such bush (6) from becoming displaced while
the drill to be mounted in the chuck (a) by means of the bush (b) is being
placed and secured in position. The chuck (a) is provided with a set
screw (d) by means of which the drills to be mounted in such chuck (a)
y be secured in position. The bush (b) is provided with a recess (2)
o a form corresponding to that of the shanks of the drills with which such
busb is to be employed. The sides of the recess in the bush are made to
ocupy positions at such distances from the axis of the cylindrical surface
of such bush (6) that when the rectangular shank of each drill to be used with
such bush () is placed in the recess (2) it will fit therein and be in such a position
that the said drill will be "true" in the chuck (a) or in other words that the axis
or centre of the entting edge or edges or part or parts of such drill will be in the
same straight line as the axis of the chuck (a) and consequently in the same straight
line as the axis of the spindle of the drilling machine in which such chuck (a) is
mounted. Between the sides of the recess (62) in the bush (6) there is mounted a
filling piece (e) which is capable of being slidden for a little distance towards and
away from the axis of the bush (b) and is prevented from being removed from the
recess (62) by being provided with projections or shoulders (el) which passing into
10tches or recesses formed in the bush (b) to receive such projecting shoulders (e')
embrace the parts of the bush (b) which form the sides of the recess (b2) and so
prevent such filling piece (e) from being moved longitudinally in the bush (b) and
by the parts which form the sides of the recess (62) being slightly rivetted over so
as to prevent the said filling piece from being moved more than a certain distance
away from the side of the recess (62). When the bush (b) is placed in position in

page_text: the chuck (a) and a drill is placed in such bush (b) as is indicated in Figs. 7, 8 and 9
by a portion of a drill (f) being shown in such figures the set screw (d) is made to
hear upon the filling piece (e) and so secure the said drill in the bush (b) and the
bush (b) in the chuck (a). When there is no drill in the recess (62) of the
bush (b) a hook of any suitable form may be passed through such recess and
made to enter the groove (6') in the end of the said bush (b) and be hooked upon
such bush (6) so as to serve as a means of enabling the bush (b) to be readily
removed from the chuck (a) and thus the groove (6) in the end of the bush (b)
facilitates the removal of such bush (6) from the chuck (a) whenever it may be
requisite for such bush (b) to be removed from the said chuck (a) as well as the
insertion of such bush (6) in the said chuck (a).
As in conjunction with one chuck it is usually necessary to use drills the shauks
of which are of different thicknesses there are usually provided as many bushes (b)
as there are varieties of thicknesses in the shanks of the drills to be used with
such chuck (a). Instead of being formed and arranged in the manner above
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings the filling piece (e) may
be formed and arranged in any other suitable manner and in some cases such
filling piece (e) may be dispensed with altogether and in such cases the set screw (d)
of the chuck (a) will be caused to bear upon the shank of the drill used in
such chuck.
Instead of the detent (c) above described there may be employed any other
suitable means of ensuring that the bush (b) shall be properly inserted in the
chuck (a).
The employment of the chuck (a) provided with the bush (b) enables me to
conveniently employ drills with rectangular shanks and to ensure that they shall be
placed in the chuck (a) with their axes in the same straight line as the axis of the
chuck (a).
The employment of drills made from rectangular bars and provided with
rectangular shanks in accordance with my invention enables me to accomplish the
chief object of my invention, that is to say, to use what is known as self hardening
steel in the making of drills. Hitherto it has been practically impossible to use
self-hardening steel for drills for use in drilling machines as it is practically
impossible to form self-hardening steel into drills with round shanks, although it
has been well known that such steel is very advantageous for use in tools for
cutting metal and other substances.
The employment of drills made from rectangular bars and provided with
rectangular shanks in accordance with my invention renders the making of drills
of any kinds of steel which can be used for drills a much simpler, more convenient
and cheaper operation than the making of drills with round shanks as it is much
simpler, easier and cheaper to form a drill from a rectangular bar of steel
than to form a drill by the usual process of making a drill which is first to
flatten a portion of a round bar of steel and then shape such flattened portion to
the form requisite and furnish it with the requisite cutting edges...
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The herein before described improvement in drills for boring metals and
other substances which consists in the formation of drills from rectangular
bars of self-hardening steel or cast steel and in the provision of rectangular
hanks thereon for the purposes and substantially in the manner hereinbefore
described.
2. The hereinbefore described improvement in chucks for holding drills for
boring metals and other substances which consists in the provision in such chucks
of bushes adapted to receive drills made from rectangular bars of metal and
furnished with rectangular shanks and hold them in the requisite true position.

page_text: in such chucks for the purposes and substantially in the manner hereinbefore
described.
3. The herein before described improvement in chucks for holding drills for
boring metals and other substances which consists in the provision in such chucks
of bushes each furnished with a recess adapted to receive drills made from
rectangular bars of metal and furnished with rectangular shanks and bold them in
the requisite true position in such chucks for the purposes and substantially in the
manner herein before described.
Dated this Eleventh day of November 1895.
HOWARD
CHEETHAM,
Manchester, Agent to the Applicant.