Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Jan., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 27th Aug., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 2nd Nov., 1888
I, AUGUST BRAB, of Ehrenfeld-Köln, in the Empire of Germany, Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of casks or barrels from paper and
apparatus therefor, the said casks or barrels being suitable for receiving and trans-
porting liquids and having the same shape as ordinary wooden barrels used for the
same purpose.
I am aware of certain barrels known as Ritter's barrels made from paper and which
have recently come into use but my barrels differ therefrom in their purpose as well
as in their construction. For example: Ritter's barrels are cylindrical and are made
from a smooth, square sheet of paper having only sufficient density to allow dry
substances to be transported in the barrels, one of the heads being then fixed; the
other head is fixed only after the barrel has been filled, whereas according to my
invention I make the barrels from a number of cylinders connected one after another
by means of pressure, the heads being fixed in a special manner as hereinafter
described during the manufacture of the body, so that the finished barrel appears to
be made of one piece and cannot be taken to pieces without destroying it. My
barrels are not only solid and impervious but they are constructed in such a manner
that the liquid contained in them such as oils, spirits, acids, or the like, will not affect
the paper and the paper will not have any deleterious effect on the contents.
Moreover the parts are so strongly connected and made that they are not affected
by the weather and are quite strong enough for all ordinary purposes.
In carrying out my invention I cut out a number of sheets of paper or paste-board
to the required shape to form a bouge barrel. 1 then fit a conical hoop or ring in a
groove made in each end of a suitably-shaped core made in sections so that it can be
taken to pieces, and I place the sheets of paper or paste-board successively around the
said core, the said sheets being arranged so that they break joint one with the other
and they are covered with a suitable glutinous composition whereby they are caused to
firmly adhere together.

page_text: The required pressure for effecting the intimate connection of the several sheets of
paper or paste-board is produced by mounting the core having a number of sheets
thereon in a frame opposite a cylinder having two wires wound thereon; each wire is
fixed by one end to one end of the cylinder and coiled towards the middle of the
cylinder, the other ends of the wires being attached to the periphery of the core at its
middle part. The core is then rotated whereby the wires are caused to unwind from
the cylinder and to be coiled tightly around the paper or paste-board cylinder
the required tension being produced by means of weighted levers attached to the
cylinder.
The core is then taken to pieces and removed from the paper or paste-board cylinder
and the heads are fitted to the hereinbefore described hoop or ring after which another
layer or layers of paper or paste-board, large enough to project beyond the ends of
the paper cylinder already formed, is or are placed around the said cylinder and made
to adhere thereto in the manner and by the means hereinbefore described; the pro-
jecting portions of the additional layers of paper or paste-board serve to confine and
secure the heads.
The bung hole is closed by a conical ring in combination with other rings provided
with grooves and recesses for receiving locking projections formed on a plate; a
conical covering plate fits in the conical ring and is provided with a screw threaded
shank working in an opening in the plate having the projections and with means for
allowing it to be rotated by a suitable key.
By this means the bung hole can be easily and quickly opened and closed.
The casks or barrels are impregnated with linseed oil by means of hydraulic
pressure and are afterwards dried under a temperature of about 120° to 140°
Réaumur.
Dated 11 1711 1
T
3000
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Casks of
and in Apparatus therefor.
I, AUGUST BRAB, of Ehrenfeld-Köln, in the Empire of Germany, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of casks or barrels from paper, and to
apparatus therefor, the said casks or barrels being suitable for receiving and trans-
porting, liquids and having the same shape as ordinary wooden barrels used for the
same purpose.
I am aware of certain barrels known as Ritter's barrels made from paper and which
have recently come into use but my barrels differ therefrom in their purpose as well
as in their construction. For example: Ritter's barrels are cylindrical and are made
from a smooth, square sheet of paper having only sufficient density to allow dry substances
to be transported in the barrels, one of the heads being then fixed; the other head is
fixed only after the barrel has been filled, whereas according to my invention I make
the barrels from a number of cylinders connected one after another by means of
pressure, the heads being fixed in a special manner as hereinafter described during
the manufacture of the body, so that the finished barrel appears to be made of one
piece and cannot be taken to pieces without destroying it. My barrels are not only
solid and impervious but they are constructed in such a manner that the liquid con-
tained in them such as oils, spirits, acids, or the like, will not affect the paper and
the paper will not have any deleterious effect on the contents. Moreover the parts
are so strongly connected and made that they are not affected by the weather and are
quite strong enough for all ordinary purposes.
In carrying out my invention I cut out a number of sheets of paper or paste-
board to the required shape to form a bouge barrel. I then fit a conical hoop or ring
of paper in a groove made in each end of a suitably-shaped core made in sections so
that it can be taken to pieces, and I place the sheets of paper or paste-board successively
around the said core, the said sheets being arranged so that they break joint one with
the other and they are covered with a suitable glutinous composition whereby they are
caused to firmly adhere together.
The required pressure for effecting the intimate connection of the several sheets of paper
or paste-board is produced by mounting the core having a number of sheets thereon in
a frame opposite a cylinder having two wires wound thereon; each wire is fixed by
one end to one end of the cylinder and coiled towards the middle of the cylinder,
the other ends of the wires being attached to the periphery of the core at its middle
part. The core is then rotated whereby the wires are caused to unwind from the
cylinder and to be coiled tightly around the paper or paste-board cylinder, the required
tension, being produced by means of weighted levers attached to the cylinder.

page_text: The core is then taken to pieces and removed from the paper or paste-board cylinder
and the heads are fitted to the hereinbefore described hoops or rings, after which
another layer or layers of paper or paste-board, large enough to project beyond the
ends of the paper cylinder already formed, is or are placed around the said cylinder
and made to adhere thereto in the manner and by the means hereinbefore described;
the projecting portions of the additional layers of paper or paste-board serve to
confine and secure the heads.
The bung hole is closed by a conical ring in combination with other rings pro-
vided with grooves and recesses for receiving locking projections formed on a
plate a conical covering plate fits in the conical ring and is provided with a screw-
threaded shank working in an opening in the plate having the projections and with
means for allowing it to be rotated by a suitable key.
By this means the bung hole can be easily and quickly opened and closed.
The casks or barrels are impregnated with linseed oil by means of hydraulic
pressure and are afterwards dried under a temperature of about 120° to 140°
Réaumur.
In order to enable my invention to be fully understood, I will proceed to describe
how it can be carried into practice by reference to the accompanying drawings, in
which
Figure 1 is an end elevation of the core.
Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of a barrel made according to my invention but
shown without my arrangement for closing the bung hole.
Figure 3 is a plan of one of the sheets of paper or pasteboard cut to the required
shape.
Figure 3 is an end view of the said sheet showing the form it takes when placed
around the core.
Figure 4 is a plan,
Figure 5 is a side elevation, and
Figure 6 is a rear elevation of the arrangement I employ for producing pressure
upon the several sheets of paper or pasteboard after they have been placed around the
core.
Figure 7 is an elevation, and
Figure 7 is a central section illustrating the means I employ for closing the bung
holes of casks or barrels made according to my improved method.
Figure 8 is a longitudinal elevation, and
Figure 9 is an end elevation of a complete barrel.
The solid core shown in figure 1, made in sections so that it can be taken to pieces,
is of the shape of the interior of the barrel to be made. 'is the circular groove or
rebate in each of its ends in which the conical paper hoop or ring is placed as shown
in figure 2. The outer periphery of the hoop or ring h fits the inside of the barrel to
be made and the inner periphery is normal to its edge.
After the outer periphery of the hoop h has been covered with a suitable glutinous
substance the sheets of paper or paste-board, previously cut to the shape shown in
figure 3, to form the body of the barrel are then covered one after the other with
glutinous substance and placed around and fitted to the core. The first sheet is placed
round the core without being glued thereto, and becomes attached to both the hoops h
and is then fixed in position by means of removable iron hoops. Over the first sheet
of paper or paste-board is then placed a second one covered with an insoluble medium
the first sheet breaking joint with the second sheet, so that two joints never come
over one another. The two sheets are then connected together by strong pressure.
Over the second sheet is applied a third sheet in the manner hereinbefore described,
and so on until one half or three quarters of the required thickness of the barrel
has been reached.
In figure 2 the sheets are indicated by the letter a. The body of the barrel is.
now sufficiently strong to allow the core to be removed after which the bung hole
is cut out of the said body, the said hole diminishing in diameter towards the outside
of the body. The lower part a¹ of the closing arrangement shown in figure 7" is

page_text: placed in the bung hole and fastened to it and the two heads are then placed in
position as shown in figure 2.
Each of the heads consists of two discs c and d placed one over the other. The
inner discs c are exactly of the diameter of the top of the core and the outer discs d
are large enough to cover the edges of the body. On the outer part of the disc d
are placed hoops to strengthen the heads. These three parts are securely connected
by means of strong pressure and glutinous substance.
The outer part 6 of the body, figure 2, is then made up in a similar manner to the
inner part, with the exception that the barrel itself in this case serves the purpose
of the core.
The outer casing or body is longer than the inner one so as to extend beyond the
heads c, d and the hoops r; the edges of it are then cut off so as to form a smooth and
level surface with the hoop r. While the outer casing is being pressed on the inner
one a wooden or metal disc f is placed over the head-discs so as to fill up the space
within the hoops and prevent the latter from becoming loose or shifting.
When the outer casing of the body is finished the outer part 61 of the closing
device, figure 7, for the bung hole is placed in position and screwed to the
inner part.
The core, figure 1, consists of the parts 1, 2, 2ª, 3, 3ª, 3b, 3°. These parts are con
nected together by pegs and rivets and both ends are, as hereinbefore described,
provided with rebates ₁ for receiving the hoop h; a shaft or spindle is passed through
the part 1.
The parts constituting the core having been put together it is placed in standards,
figures 4, 5 and 6, in which it is slowly revolved by means of a crank handle 4 or by
a motor and gearing. On the shaft is fixed a ratchet wheel 5, figure 5, in which
pawl 6 engages to prevent the backward movement of the core.
A cylinder 7 is mounted in standards placed opposite those supporting the core.
After the second sheet of the inner part of the body has been placed upon the core,
wire ropes wound upon the said cylinder 7 from the ends towards the middle, are
strained and fixed to the core by means of screws passing through the barrel body
into the core at, the place where the bung hole is to be cut out.
The cylinder 7 is provided with two lever brakes 8 on which are placed weights 9
which are heavier or lighter according to the degree of pressure which it is required
to give.
The core provided with the inner part of the body is rotated and the pressure is
transferred from the cylinder to the body on the core whereby the several sheets
composing the same are closely and solidly connected together. The connection and
pressure of the outer part of the body are effected in the same manner, but the ends
of the wire ropes are, in this case, fixed in the bung hole itself as the core will have
been removed.
When making large barrels or casks the wooden core, which can be taken to pieces,
is replaced by a core of sheet iron which is filled with pebbles and is moved on a
bed of the required shape so as to press upon and effect a solid connection of the
different sheets of paper.
After the barrels have been formed in the above described manner, strong iron
bands which can be drawn tightly together are placed around them whilst the heads
are held fast by means of hand-vices which prevent them from becoming displaced
outwardly. The barrels thus locked up are then filled with linseed oil and impregnated
with it by means of a hydraulic press under a pressure of several atmospheres, they
are also impregnated with linseed oil from the outside.
After they have been submitted for a certain time to the said pressure so as to allow
the oil to penetrate into the pores, the superfluous oil is then poured out and the
barrels are placed in a suitable furnace, where they are submitted to a temperature of
120° to 140° R. until they become as hard as wood.
The required ordinary iron hoops are then placed around the barrel and the heads
are protected by angle irons and the barrel is finished as represented in figure 8.
Beer-barrels are in addition sealed in the ordinary manner.

page_text: The arrangement for closing the bung-hole is shown in figure 7 and consists of a
bushing formed by the parts a¹ and 61 as hereinbefore described, and a stopper or
cover S, c, d¹; the bushing a' b' consists of a ring a¹ which, according to the purpose
the barrel is intended for, is made of wood, metal, india-rubber, or other suitable
material, and of an iron ring b¹. The ring a¹ is turned conical on its inner and outer
sides; the outer periphery is provided with a flange n covering the edge of the bung
hole. The inner periphery of the ring is quite smooth to fit the stopper c¹, d. The
outer ring is connected with the lower ring a¹ by means of screws. Between
these two rings fits the circular part m of the bung hole; the two rings in being
connected are caused to compress the part m between them so that they are firmly
secured and effect a water-tight joint. The outer ring b consists of three circular
parts 11, 21, 31, the outermost circular part 1¹ is provided with grooves xx¹ going
through it and the recesses y, y' as will be seen by reference to the drawing.
The ring 2¹ is provided with grooves n, n¹ extending only from the points a ¹ to
the points; in these grooves n, n' move projections 2, 2 on the stopper until they
come against the edges k, k.
The stopper consists of a screw-nut S having the two projections z, 2¹, a screw d³,
and a conical closing piece c¹.
The screw-nut S fits in the interior of the ring 61 of the bush, so that the pro-
jections z, z¹ come in the grooves x, ¹. The screw d¹ moves in the nut S and is
provided on its top with a square to receive a key. The screw d¹ is so connected
with the conical closing piece c', that the latter has to follow the upward and down-
ward movements of the screw. When it is required to close the barrel, the stopper
is so placed in the bush that the projections z, will pass into the grooves x, x¹. The
nut with the projections then rests upon the disc 31 of the ring b¹. The stopper is
then turned until the projections come into the position indicated at y, y¹, when the
screw is slowly screwed down, whereby the nut is caused to move outwards and the
projections on the latter to fit into the recesses y, y¹. The nut is now firmly fixed and
cannot be moved in either direction.
By further turning the screw d' the conical part e' will press against the ring a¹
and thus effect a thoroughly water-tight conical closing.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The hereinbefore described method of manufacturing paper bouge-barrels for
containing liquids wherein several sheets of paper or paste-board cut out to suit the
required shape of the barrel are placed successively around a bulged core made in
several parts so that it can be taken to pieces, the several sheets breaking joint with
one another and being coated (with the exception of the first sheet) with glutinous
substance and firmly connected together.
2. The use for the manufacture of casks or barrels from paper, of an arrangement
for producing the required pressure for causing the several sheets to adhere closely
together, consisting of standards or their equivalent for receiving the core having one
or more sheets placed thereon and a cylinder with weighted levers, which cylinder has
coiled upon it two wires in such a manner that their ends meet in the middle of the
cylinder from which part they are fixed to the middle part of the periphery of the core,
the core being then revolved whereby the wires are unwound from the cylinder and
coiled tightly around the paper or paste-board body, substantially as herein before
described and illustrated in figures 4, 5 and 6 of the accompanying drawing.
3. The use for the manufacture of casks or barrels from paper, of conical hoops and
of heads for closing the ends of the barrel, the said hoops being fitted into the core
and the heads, after the core is removed, being fitted into the hoops, after which the
second part of the body is put round that portion of the barrel already formed and
fixed thereon as well as to the heads, substantially as hereinbefore described, and
illustrated in the accompanying drawing.

page_text: 4. Impregnating barrels made according to claim 1, with. linseed-oil by means of
hydraulic pressure the barrels being then submitted to a suitable drying process at a
temperature of 120° to 140° R., substantially as setforth.
5. The use in combination with barrels made according to claim 1, of a closing
arrangement consisting of a ring or bush provided with grooves and recesses, a plate
or nut having projections and a conical covering plate or stopper having a screw-
threaded shank, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in figures 7
and 7 of the accompanying drawing.
G. F. REDFERN, & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Agents for the Applicant.