IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SUSPENDING CHANDELIERS, GASELIERS, AND OTHER WEIGHTS
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet Street,
in the City of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SUSPENDING CHANDELIERS, GASELIERS, AND OTHER
WEIGHTS."-A communication from abroad by Eugene Frederic Piat and
Theodore Auguste Baudrit, both of Paris, France.
aled the 7th Jauuary 1864, and dated the 18th July 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald
Brooman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 13th July 1863.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SUSPENDING CHANDELIERS, GASELIERS, AND
OTHER WEIGHTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in apparatus formed by combining one or more
fusees or grooved pullies with one or more spring barrels.
I proceed to give one example, and to describe it with reference to the
accompanying Drawing.
The apparatus is modified to suit different applications, but in all the
feature is the same, that is to say, the Invention is based upon the com-
pensation of the power of a spring by the greater or lesser radius of a fusee
which turns the barrel. The arrangement of the parts depends upon the
manner in which the apparatus is to be used, that is to say, there may be a

page_text: single fusee and one spring, or there may be double or coupled fusees with
two springs. When applied to support gas burners, caoutchouc tubes for
conveying the gas may be substituted for part of the cords or chains con-
necting the apparatus with the burner to be supported.
The Drawing represents in external elevation one of these suspending
apparatus. a is a plate, in which the barrel b is fixed; the drum of this barrel
is toothed to gear into three pinions c, free to slide upon axes d fixed in the
plate a; each pinion c is connected to a pinion f, which gears into a toothed
spiral plate g fixed upon each pulley h. These pullies are grooved to receive
each a chain or cord, which works in a vertical line, and which is united at
bottom to the object to be suspended, or to a plate or ring to which the object
is connected. Upon the lowering or pulling down of the object the progressive
tension of the spring of the barrel counterbalances the weight of the object,
which increases in proportion to the length of the chain or cord.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Archibald Brooman in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 18th January 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Richard Archibald Brooman, Her special licence that I, the said Richard
Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SUSPENDING CHANDELIERS, GASELIERS, AND
OTHER WEIGHTS," (communicated to me from abroad by Eugene Frederic Piat
and Theodore Auguste Baudrit, both of Paris, France,) upon the_condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my execu-
tors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or

page_text: one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same.is.to.
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained: in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, that is to say:-
This Invention consists in apparatus formed by combining one or more
fusees or grooved pullies with one or more spring barrels.
.
The apparatus is modified to suit different applications, but in all the
feature is the same, that is to say, the Invention is based upon the com-
pensation of the power of a spring by the greater or lesser radius of a fusee
which turns the barrel, or the regulation of two springs of unequal power the
one by the other. The arrangement of the parts depends upon the manner in
which the apparatus is to be used, that is to say, there may be a single fusee
and one spring, or there may be double or coupled fusees with two springs.
When applied to support gas burners, caoutchouc tubes for conveying the gas
may be substituted for part of the cords or chains connecting the apparatus
with the burner to be supported.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings represents in external elevation
one of these suspending apparatus; Figure 2 is a modification of the same.
a is a plate in which the barrel b is fixed; the drum of this barrel is
toothed to gear into three pinions c, free to slide upon axes d fixed in the
plate a; each pinion c is connected to a pinion f, which gears into a toothed
spiral plate 9 fixed upon each pulley h. These pullies are grooved to receive
each. a chain or cord, which in a vertical line, and which is united. at
bottom to the object to be suspended, or to a plate or ring to which the object
is connected.
In the arrangement shown in Figure 8 the fusee k is placed in the interior
of the mechanism. On the suspension rod j a toothed wheel i is. fitted,
gearing into three toothed pulleys, two of which, h, h', are shewn in. the
Drawing; the pulley h is fixed on the axis of the fusee k, to which a cord
wound on the barrel 6 is connected. A chain m passes round each of the
pulleys, and the three chains are united at bottom to a plate. 1, to which the
chandelier or other object is suspended. When the chandelier or other object
is pulled down, the chaius m cause the three pulleys to turn together ;. the

page_text: pulley h winds the cord on the fuseek and tightens the spring of the barrel in
proportion to the length of cord wound on the fusee. The progressive tension
of the spring of the barrel counterbalances the weight of the object, which
increases in proportion to the length of the chain.
Figure 4 represents an apparatus in which a regulating fusee acts upon à
barrel. The axis a of the barrel 6 is fixed to the suspension rod c, on which
the axes of the fusees d, d, d, are also fixed. Around the rod c which forms
its axis a conical fusee f connected to a toothed wheel g is free to turn. A
cord is wound on the fuseef, and passes round the drum of the barrel b. The
fusees d, d, d, are toothed, and gear into the wheel g. A chain or cord r
descends from each of these fusees to the chandelier or other weight to be
suspended. Several barrels may also be fitted round the axis c, and toothed
to make their movements simultaneous and equal.
.
Figure 5 is a sectional elevation of an apparatus suitable for suspending
gaseliers. In this arrangement the central rod c supports at its lower end a
drum h in which a barrel 6 turns... The axes of the fusees d are fixed on this
drum. One of the extremities of the spring is fixed to the rod c, and the
other extremity to the barrel 6; as the barrel carries the toothed wheel g, and
as this wheel gears into each of the fusees d which are connected to the
drum h, the action of the barrel is thus doubled. Below the drum h a box j
is hermetically connected, and communicates with the gas pipe i. The gas
may also be allowed to enter by the rod c, which in that case must be made
hollow for the purpose. Two india-rubber tubes k, k, and a safety cord or
chain are connected to the box j. These tubes and cord or chain are wound
at their lower ends on a triple fusee m, the axis of which is hollow, in order
that it may communicate through the tubes k, k, with the box j. The fusee m
is connected to a small barrel n, which regulates its movement by the pro-
gressive winding or unwinding of the tubes k, k, and cord l. The hollow axis
of the fusee m is connected to the gas burners by a bent pipe o and joint p
fitted to the plate q, to which the suspension chains or cords r are united.
In the arrangement represented in Figure 6, two fusees d, d, move in con-
trary directions, one at each end of one or several barrels 6. One of the fusees
is united to the spring by the central rod and the other to the barrel, in such
manner that by moving in contrary directions they double the power of exten-
sion or contraction of the spring. Between the barrel b and the fusees d two
loose toothed pulleys s are fitted, which support cords or chains of the same
length as the cords or chains r.. The toothed pulleys & gear into a small
toothed barrel n, which renders their movement simultaneous and equal. In
order to increase the travel of the suspending chains or cords they may be

page_text: passed over pulleys united to the plate q, and attached at their extremities to
the frame t.
Figure 7 shows two fusees d, d, mounted on one or several barrels 6. On
the same central rod, and on each side of the fusees d, d, loose pulleys & are
fitted mounted on barrels, and moving in an opposite direction to the fusees,
whereby perfect equilibrium is maintained.
Figure 8 shews three chains or cords, wound on three fusees d, d, d, the
two outer of which turn in one direction, and are fixed on the axis, while the
centre fusee is fixed on the barrel b.
.
Figure 9 represents three fusees d, d, d, two of which are toothed. The
plain fusee and one of the toothed fusees are on the same shaft, and the two
toothed fusees gear into each other.
In Figure 10, s, s, represent two toothed pulleys fitted to the extremities of
two fusees d, d, or instead of two fusees one only may be employed. These
pulleys and fusees are on the same shaft, and work in connection with a
barrel n, at the ends of which are two loose and similarly toothed pulleys u, u,
which gear into the pulleys 8, 8. Chains or cords for suspending chandeliers
or other weights are fastened to the various pulleys, and work in opposite
directions. The fusees d, d, act on the barrel n, on which the cords or chains
of the fusees are wound.
Figures 11 and 12, represent two similar arrangements.
In any of the arrangements before described the apparatus may be placed
either horizontally or vertically. It may be arranged with or without toothed
gearing, and with or without pulleys when pulleys are not employed, the
fusees only would be toothed. A safety chain or cord as represented in
Figure 5 may be fitted in any of the arrangements.
I now proceed to describe several modifications of some of the arrangements
herein-before described.
.:
In Figures 13 and 14 a is a frame supporting vertically two barrels b, c,
which move in contrary directions on the same axis. Each of these barrels
carries a cord f, which cords act in opposition to each other. Each cord on
leaving its barrel passes over a small loose roller g, free to slide vertically on
its axis h, and is wound in a spiral groove formed on the inside of each of
the fusees i, i, Figure 14. In proportion as the chains are unwound the
cords, the end of each of which is fixed to one of the fusees, become wound
in the grooves of the fusees, and thereby actuate the barrels.
In Figure 15, b, c, are two barrels on the same axis d, which is supported
at its middle by a rod k. On each barrel a fusee i is fixed, on which a cord
or chain fis wound. To regulate the motion of the fusees, and make them

page_text: turn equally, a small pinion may be fitted on the rod k, and made to gear into
teeth formed on the inner cheek of each barrel.
The object of the following modified. arrangements is to dispense with the
employment of fusees when required.
a, Figure 16, is a frame, supporting horizontally an axis d, threaded for a
part of its length; b is a barrel fitted on the axis d in such manner that it
can turn without advancing or receding. The spring is hooked on the axis d.
The barrel b is covered by a movable drum c, the closed end of which acts as
a nut on the thread of the axis d.. This drum slides on the barrel 6 by means
of a key and groove in such manner that when the cord f turns the drum
the drum also causes the barrel to rotate, but owing to the thread on the
axis d, the drum advances towards the extremity of the axis. The object of
this arrangement is to compress progressively a spiral or other spring l in front
of the drum. Thus, the more the spiral spring of the barrel is stretched, the
more the spring is compressed, and vice versâ, in such manner that the
increase of power of the one compensates for the diminution in power of
the other.
Figure 17 represents an arrangement in which two boxes or barrels, a
smaller one a, and a larger one b, are employed. In the larger barrel b is a
strong spring c hooked to the shaft d, and acting on the barrel 6 in one direc-
tion, and in the smaller barrel a is a small spring facting in the opposite
direction. The barrel 6 serves as a drum, and receives a cord or chain g
which wound thereon, and supports a chandelier or other apparatus. When
the cord g is completely wound on the barrel 6 the spring c is relaxed, and
the spring on the contrary is stretched. The power of the spring f is cal-
culated according to the weight to be suspended. When the cord g is pulled
the spring c is tightened, and the spring f progressively relaxed, they thus in a
manner equalize each other. When the suspended weight is pushed up the
spring c in relaxing tightens the spring f, so that the power required to raise
or lower the weight is nominal. The cord g may be passed round a pulley h
as shown if desired, in this case the cord passes through an eye formed in
the frame i. To maintain the apparatus in a vertical position we sometimes
fit a roller k below the barrels, over which the cord 9 passes, in such manner
that the drawing power is exerted at the centre of the apparatus.
As it is sometimes inconvenient to employ india-rubber tubes k for gaseliers:
as shewn in Figure 5, I sometimes employ sliding tubes as represented in
Figures 18, 19, and 20. i is a tube united to the gas supply pipe; ; is
another tube free to slide in the tube i. To prevent escape of gas I fit these
two tubes as follows:-The upper extremity of the tubej carries a flange

page_text: equal in diameter to the inner diameter of the tube i, and forming a shoulder
at top. On this shoulder I place mosaic gold or non-drying paste, which I
cover with a washer k. Above this washer is a spring which keeps it pressed
against the paste; the spring is held by another washer I screwed to the end of
the tube j. To prevent the tube j turning in the tube a groove or grooves
may be formed in one of the tubes, and a corresponding projection or projec-
tions on the other tube, see Figures 19 and 20.
Figures 21 and 22 represent two arrangements in which the chandelier or
other weight acts as the means of regulation or compensation In Figure 21,
a is a frame, carrying the axis 6 of a barrel c, near each end of which is a
groove d, a cord f passes once or several times round each of these grooves,
and then over a pulley 9, on a movable axis h, free to slide in the frame a. The
axis also carries a small roller k toothed or plain, according as the barrel c is
toothed or plain. As the cords fpass over the pulleys g, the heavier the sus-
pended weight becomes by being lowered the greater will be the pressure
exerted by the roller k upon the barrel, and the action of the spring will
thereby be regulated. On the weight being pushed up the reverse action
takes place. In Figure 22, there are two barrels c on the same axis, and
three pulleys. As there are three cords f, I place them alternately on opposite
sides, two roller shafts, and three small pulleys are therefore required. The
other parts correspond to those in Figure 21.
The forms of springs preferred for the apparatus herein-before described
are represented in Figures 23 to 27, but any other suitable springs may be
employed.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim, constructing
apparatus for suspending chandeliers, gaseliers, and other weights, substan-
tially as herein-before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of January, One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
R A BROOM ANT