IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING BRUSSELS AND TAPESTRY CARPETS AND SIMILAR FABRICS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Conradi, of 8, Lower James Street, Golden Square,
in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER
LOOMS FOR WEAVING BRUSSELS AND TAPESTRY CARPETS AND SIMILAR FABRICS."
A communication from abroad by Otto Hallensleben, of Untersiemau-by-
Coburg, Empire of Germany.
Sealed the 1st October 1878, and dated the 10th April 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Conradi at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th April 1878.
HENRY CONRADI, of 8, Lower James Street, Golden Square, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING BRUSSELS AND
TAPESTRY CARPETS AND SIMILAR FABRICS." [A communication from abroad by
Otto Hallensleben, of Untersicmau by Coburg, Empire of Germany.]
The improvements of looms for Brussels or tapestry, as represented in the adjoined
Drawings, relate to an improved or new mechanism of the laying in and drawing
out of the needles, as also of an improved or new arrangement on the jacquard
machine, by which only from one-fourth to one-fifth of the numbers of holes as yet
required are needed.
I. The needle mechanism represented in the different adjoining Drawings is fixed
to a special frame placed somewhat sideways and in front of the loom, as Fig. 1
shows. To understand its action well all the different Drawings have likewise to
be consulted at the same time. The stand A carrics two guides a, a', which are
fixed to it, in the direction of the shoot, and which are provided with grooves b, b¹.
In these grooves noves at appropriate moments the slide piece d worked by means
of the curved gearing arrangement B, by the one-sided lever C, and the link c
bearing with the arm e the hook f. This hook is required always to withdraw from
the tissue the first one of the set of needles weaved in, and to transfer it to an
apparatus, which brings it before the shooting hole in order to be set in again.
These apparatus consist of the projecting lever h, provided with the groove g, fixed
to two levers l, l, in such a manner as to be enabled to swing with it around the

page_text: shaft m.
If the needle be now entirely withdrawn it is placed in the groove g, so
that its clean head is covered, while the rest of the needle is freely suspended. At
the end of its course the nose n of the hook f knocks against a catch o fitted to
the projecting lever h, releases hereby the head of the needle, and disengages the
apparatus. At the same moment the excentric p, shown in dotted lines in Fig. 3,
ceases to press upon the lever q, which is provided with a guide roller, while the
counterbalance weight and the own weight of the longer arm of the lever, together
with the several rods, compel the geared sectors to swing to the left by turning the
gear t to the right. This gear is keyed on to the shaft m, to which the levers 1, 1,
together with the projecting and grooved lever h, are also fixed. The swinging
motion of the gear t is also at the same time transmitted to l, l', h, which passes
consequently with it through the same notion, and transports the needle resting in
the groove of the projecting lever h from the position the apparatus takes, as
shown in Fig. 4, to the position of the apparatus as represented in Fig. 5. The
point of the needle travels hereby in the curved passage or guide x, x, which is
formed by the two independent pieces B and ɣ fixed on the frame of the loom.
This guide prevents the point of the needle from following in its swinging motion
the influence of the centrifugal force, and to discart itself from the so prescribed
course. After this motion has taken place the slide & begins its backward motion
in the direction of the loom. This slide carries besides the arm e and its hook fon
the opposite side another but similar arm u, the hook-shaped end of which projects
into the groove g, pushing the needle by the forward motion of the slide out of the
groove into the weaving squares. It is nevertheless kept suspended in a true hori-
zontal position in consequence of its head being forcibly guided in the groove. The
needle has now to be brought from its present position to the front near to the lay
cup, which has reached its extreme position, into the point of the weaving square.
This is carried out by a mechanism, which action is principally to be seen by the
Fig. 4 & 5 in connection with Fig. 1 & 2. A transport or carrier hook v, which
is bent in such a manner that it just takes the clean head of the needle, is fixed to
a swinging lever win such a manner that it can slide upon it if worked by the
excentric i. A spiral spring y effects the backward motion, and presses the slido
roller fixed to the hook always against the excentric. As Fig. 1 shows, this
excenter is fixed to a shaft which traverses another shaft. Each of the two rods 1
and 2 draw a lever, of which the one is connected with the excenter shaft, the
other with the hollow shafts. On to the hollow shaft is fixed the before-mentionned
lever w, which carries the transport or carrier hook v. This lover enters into the
position, as represented in Fig. 5, in the moment as the needle leaves or is pushed
out of the groove g, and has entirely entered the shooting hole; the needle head
has also left the groove, and lays in the transport hook. Now a swinging motion
to the left of the lever w takes place, produced by the disc 3, which is placed at the
bottom of the frame, as represented in Fig. 2. The needle brought hereby into the
point of the shooting hole has now to be disengaged from the transport hook. This
disengagement is effected through the swinging motion of the excenter i, which
presses the transport hook downward, as shown in Fig. 4. The hook rests now for
a little while longer in this position during its backward motion, but has already
recovered its proper position ready to take another needle before having entirely
completed its counter motion, as it is clearly represented by its position and the
position of the eccenter shown in Fig. 5.
The different motions as yet described are truly repeated at each shoot and are
bound to take forcibly the same course alike; being therefore a most decided in-
provement over similar mechanism. It is impossible that with such an arrangement
the needle could get mixed up in the woven threads, or warp; much waste refuse is
therefore avoided.
It may be mentionned in order to condense the mechanism the gear sector 8 as
well as the lever C have been made in the shape as represented. C crosses in its
extreme position the opening of the gear sector, whereby considerable space in the
width of the apparatus is saved.

page_text: II. Improvements in the Mechanism of the Jaquard Machine.-By Brussel carpets
of five colours, five woollen yarns are in each reed, one for each colour, and accord-
ing to the design, always one of them is lifted or raised by the jaquard machine, so
that altogether one-fifth of the total number of wool yarns has to be raised or lifted,
by designs with four colours, one-fourth, and by designs with three. colours,
one-third.
By the jaquard machines known at present, the board is placed in such a manner
that the circular opening of the oval shaped holes lays to the side of the
cardboards, that is, to the left; the needles pushed away, govern the yarn or thread,
while the others rest. Those resting threads form in the carpet the greatest part,
at about four-fifths, three-quarters, or two-thirds, so that the cardboards have to
be placed accordingly.
The present improved disposition has for its object to produce the opposite
effect, so that only one-fifth, one-fourth, one-third of the cardboards respectively are
to be taken out, which makes them wear longer and become cheaper. Moreover
the advantage is, that less defects or waste occur in the tissue, as it is a well-known fact
that the parts from which the cardboards are not taken off are always worked truly.
To arrive at the proposed end, the lift-board is pierced in such a manner that the
design of the holes appear in the opposite direction
so that the knots of
the heddle or thread, which are pressed forward, can pass the round part of the
openings and rest, while the longitudinal split of these openings takes hold of the
knots of the other threads, which become raised or lifted. When now by the
upward motion of the machine the knot cylinder displaces itself and the threads
formerly pushed back spring again forward, the effect would be, that by these re-
versed arrangements or dispositions of the holes, the knots of the thread will bo
thrown underneath the splits, and will be by the downward motion of the board,
either be laid out, or the thread will be torn off. This is the reason why the above-
mentionned reversed disposition of the holes has not been used yet. But the mecha-
nisin as represented in Fig. 6, 7, and 8, will show how the just mentionned eventuality
will be avoided, and of which follows the description; the lift-board 5 rosts on roll-
ers 6, 6', fixed in the frame 7, its short ends being in tec shape (T), prolonged down-
wards, where it is then connected with the levers 8, which effect in the appropriate
moment the up-and-downward motion of the frame. The lift-board is provided
with two pivots 9, 91, resting in the blocks 10, 101, of the frame, being easily moved
forward in it. On the-left hand side acts a spiral spring 11, Fig. 6 & 8, upon tho
lifting-board, so that it is always pressed to the right. A small lever 12, which is
connected with the board, knocks by the upward motion of the lift-board, with its
guide roller, against the catch 13, which is placed under one corner of the frame of
the loom; the lever is hereby pressed downwards and takes only its former position
by the more advancing upward motion of the board, being then forced into its
original position by the spiral spring 14. If now the board begins its backward
motion, this small lever sliding with its grinding roller upon the inclined plan of
the catch 13 effects a displacement of this board to the left, preventing thereby the
knots of the resting threads being caught by the board, as they have been in the
meanwhile pressed to the left, while through the displacement which took place the
enlarged openings of the splits of the board become just placed above those knots,
and allow the latter to pass freely.
The improvements upon which the claims are principally based, consits,―
1. In the construction and entire disposition and combination of the apparatus
for drawing out the needles, and to lay them in again.
2. In the construction of the draw hook of the swinging frame, as the expulsion
hook, and the carrier hook, and in the combination of the mechanical arrangement
of their several different motions.
3. In the manner of guiding the point of the needle during the swinging motion,
by means of two curved, or circular, or otherwise shaped pieces fixed to the frame,
leaving a corresponding opening between themselves.

page_text: 4. In the reversing of the openings in the lift-board of the jaquard machine, and
in the reduction of the number of holes to be made in the cart boards.
5. In the displacement of the lift-board, in order to prevent the catching of the
thread knots by the backward motion through the smaller part of the openings
or splits.
6. In the combination of the mechanical appliances, to the effect of obtaining the
results as above described, and specially mentionned under article four and five, as
above represented in the Drawings and explained in the description.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Henry Conradi in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 9th October
1878.
HENRY CONRADI, of 8, Lower James Street, Golden Square, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING BRUSSELS AND
TAPESTRY CARPETS AND SIMILAR FABRICS." A communication from abroad by
Otto Hallensleben, in Untersiemau by Coburg, Empire of Germany.
The improvements of looms for Brussels or tapestry, as represented in the
adjoined Drawings, relate to an improved or new mechanism of the laying in and
drawing out of the needles, as also of an improved or new arrangement on the
jaquard machine by which only from one-fourth to one-fifth of the numbers of the
holes as yet required are needed.
I. The needle mechanism represented in the different adjoined Drawings is fixed
to a special frame placed somewhat sideways and in front of the loom, as Fig. 1
shows. To understand its action well all the different Drawings had better be
consulted at the same time. The stand A carries two guides a, a', which are fixed
to it in the direction of the shoot, and which are provided with grooves b, b¹.
In these grooves moves at appropriate moments the slide piece & worked by
means of the curved gearing arrangement B by the one-sided lever C and the link c,
bearing with the arme the hook f. This hook is required always to withdraw
the first of the set of needles weaved in from the tissue, and to transfer it to
an apparatus which brings it before the shooting hole in order to be set in
in again. These apparatus consist of the projecting lever provided with grooves
g fixed to the levers 1, l', in such a manner as to be enabled to swing with it
around the shaft m. If the needle be now entirely withdrawn it is placed in
the groove g, so that its clean head is covered, while the rest of the needle is
freely suspended. At the end of its course the nose n of the hook f knocks against
a catch o fitted to the projecting lever h, releases hereby the head of the needle,
and disengages the apparatus. At the same moment the excentric p, shown in
dotted lines in Fig. 3, ceases to press upon the lever g, which is provided with
a guide roller, while the counter balance weight r, and the own weight of the
longer arm of the lever, together with the several rods, compel the geared sector

page_text: .
8 to swing to the left by turning the gear t to the right. This gear is keyed
on the shaft m, to which the levers 1, ', together with the projecting and grooved
lever hare also fixed. The swinging notion of the gear t is also at the same
time transmitted to l, l, h, which passes consequently with it through the same
motion, and transports the needle resting in the groove g of the projecting lever
h from the position which the apparatus takes, as shown in Fig. 4, to the position
of the apparatus, as represented in Fig. 5. The point of the needle travels hereby
in the curved passage or guide x, x, which is formed by the two independent pieces
Band fixed on the frame of the loom. This guide prevents the point of the
needle from following in its swinging motion the influence of the centrifugal force,
and to discard itself from the so prescribed course. When this motion has taken
place the slide & begins its backward motion in the direction of the loom. This
slide carries beside the arm e and its hook f on the opposite side another but
similar arm n, the hook-shaped end of which projects into the groove g, pushing the
needle by the forward motion of the slide out of the groove into the weaving
squares or lashes. It is nevertheless kept suspended in a true horizontal position
in consequence of its head being forcibly guided in the groove. The needle has
now to be brought from its present position to the front near to the lay or batten,
which has reached its extreme position into the point of the weaving square or
lashes. This is carried out by mechanism, which action is principally to be
seen by the Fig. 4 and 5 in connection with Fig. 1 and 2. A transport or carrier
hook, which is bent in such a manner that it just takes the clean head of the needle,
is fixed to a swinging lever w in such a manner that it can slide upon it if worked
by the excentric v. A spiral spring y effects the backward motion, and presses the
slide roller z fixed to the hook always against the excentric. As Fig. 1 shows, this
excenter is fixed to a shaft, which traverses another shaft. Each of the two rods 1
and 2 draws a lever, of which the one is connected with the excenter shaft, the
other with the hollow shaft. On to the hollow shaft is fixed the before-mentioned
lever w, which carries the transport or carrier book v. This lever enters into the
position, as represented in Fig. 5, in the moment that the needle leaves or is pushed
out of the groove g, and has entirely entered the shooting hole. The needle head
has also left the groove and lies in the transport hook. Now a swinging motion
to the left of the lever we takes place, produced by the disc 3, which is placed at the
bottom of the frame, as represented in Fig. 2. The needle brought hereby into the
point of the shooting hole has now to be disengaged from the transport hook.
This disengagement is effected through the swinging motion of the excenter i,
which presses the transport hook downwards, as shown in Fig. 4. The hook rests
now for a little while longer into this position during its backward motion, but has
already recovered its proper position ready to take another needle before having
entirely completed its counter motion, as it is clearly represented by its position
and that of the excenter shown in Fig. 5.
The different motions, as yet described, are truly repeated at each shoot, and are
forcibly bound to take alike the saine course, being therefore a most decided in-
provement over similar mechanism. It is impossible that with such an arrangement
the needle could get entangled in the woven threads, warps, or chains, thus
avoiding much waste or outshot.
It may be mentionned that in order to bring the mechanism into the smallest
space possible the gear sector 8, as well as the lever C, have been made in the shapo
as represented. C crosses in its extreme position the opening of the gear sector,
whereby considerable space in the width of the apparatus is saved.
II. Improvement in the Mechanism of the Jacquard Machine.-Brussel carpets
of five colours have five woollen yarns in each reed, one for each colour, and,
according to the design, one of them is always lifted or raised by the jaquard
machine, so that altogether one-fifth of the total number of wool yarns has to be
raised or lifted; by designs with four colours, one-fourth, and by designs with three
colours one-third.

page_text: By the jaquard machines known at present the board is placed in such a manner
that the circular opening of the oval-shaped holes
lies to the side of the
cards, that is, to the left; the needles pushed away govern the yarn or threads to be
lifted while the others rest. Those resting threads form in the carpet the greatest
number at about four-fifths, three-quarters, or two-thirds, so that the cards have to
be placed accordingly.
The present improved disposition has for its object to produce the opposite effects,
so that only one-fifth, one-fourth, one-third of the card holes are to be taken out,
which makes them wear longer and become cheaper. Moreover, the advantage is
that less defects, waste, or outshot in the tissue occur, as it is a well-known fact
that the parts from which the cards are not taken off are always worked truly.
To arrive at the proposed end the lift-board is pierced in such a manner that the
design of the holes appear in the opposite direction
so that the knots of
the heddle or thread which are pressed forward can pass the round part of the
openings and rest, while the longitudinal split of these openings takes hold of the
knots of the other threads, which become lifted. When by the upward motion of
the machine the knot cylinder displaces itself, and the threads formerly pushed back
spring again forward, the effect by these reversed arrangement or disposition of the
holes would be that the knots of the thread will be thrown underneath the splits,
and will by the downward motion of the board either be laid out or the thread will
be broken off. This is the reason why the above-mentioned reversed disposition of
the holes has not been used yet. But the mechanism as represented in Fig. 6, 7,
and 8 will show how the just-mentioned eventuality will be avoided, of which
follows the description. The lift-board 5 rests on rollers 6, 61, fixed in the iron
frame 7, its short ends being of a tee shape (T) prolonged downwards, where it is
then connected with the lovers 8, which effect in the appropriate moments the
up-and-downward motion of the franc. The lift board is provided with two
pivots 9, 91, resting the blocks 10, 101, of the frame, being easily moved forward
in it. On the left-hand side acts a spiral spring 11, Figs. 6 and 8, upon the lifting
board, so that it is always pressed to the right. A small lever 12, which is connected
with the board, knocks, by the upward notion of the lift-board with its guide
roller, against the catch 13 which is placed under one corner of the frame of tho
loom. The lever is hereby pressed downwards, and only takes its former position
by the more advancing upward motion of the board, being then forced into its
original position by the spiral spring 14. If now the board begins its backward
motion this small lever sliding with its guiding roller upon the inclined plan of the
catch 13 effects a displacement of this board to the left, preventing thereby the
heddle knots of the resting threads from being caught by the board as they have
been in the meanwhile pressed to the left, while through the displacement which
took place the enlarged openings of the splits of the board become just placed above
those knots and allow the latter to pass freely.
Having thus herein described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, it will be understood that the improvements upon which
the claims are principally based consists,-
1. In the construction and entire disposition and combination of the apparatus
for drawing out the needles and laying them in again.
2. In the construction of the draw hook of the swinging frame, of the expulsion
hook, and the carrier hook, and in the combination of the mechanical arrangement
of their several different motions.
3. In the manner of guiding the point of the needie during the swinging motion
by means of two curved, circular, or otherwise shaped pieces fixed to the frame,
leaving a corresponding opening between themselves.
4. In the reversing of the openings in the lift-board of the jaquard machine, and
in the reduction of the number of holes to be made in the cards.
5. In the displacement of the lift-board in order to prevent the catching of the
thread or heddle knots by the backward motion through the smaller part of the
openings or splits.

page_text: 6. In the combination of the mechanical appliances to the effect of obtaining the
results named under articles four and five, as represented in the adjoined Drawings,
and explained in the above-given description.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Conradi, have hereunto set my hand and
scal, this Ninth day of October, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-eight.
H. CONRADI. (L.S.)