Improvements in and Connected with Spray Lamps or Burners for Lighting or Heating.
Year: 1887

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and Connected with Spray Lamps or Burners for
Lighting or Heating.
I, JAMES BALLANTYNE HANNAY, of Cove Castle, Loch Long, in the County of
Dumbarton, North Britain, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this Invention
to be as follows, that is to say :-
My said Invention has for its object to improve the construction and arrange-
ment of the parts of spray lamps or burners for burning oil in the form of spray for
lighting and heating purposes.
My improvements are applicable to what is now well known as the Lucigen and to
other spray lamps. One improvement consists in a novel construction for supplying
air to the lower part of the flame or flames within the combustion vessel or cup;
and in carrying it out this cup which is made wholly or partly cylindrical has a
number of holes formed round its lower part for the admission of air into an annular
space between the shell of the cup and an inner cylindrical shell which inner shell
prevents currents of air from proceeding directly and unequally to the flame. Air
entering the holes passes up over the inner shell and may be deflected downwards
from above it by an annular curved flange if found desirable. Round the upper part
of the interior of the cup there is coiled a pipe through which the compressed air or
steam is passed so as to become superheated by the flame. The nozzles for the jets of
oil and compressed air or steam are made in an improved manner insuring their
being concentric with each other and causing the jets to issue regularly and
uniformly. The inner nozzle for the oil is made with its extreme end cylindrical and
with a small round central hole, and it projects just through the orifice of the outer
nozzle, the last named orifice being shaped as though first made cylindrical to fit the
inner nozzle and subsequently having fine grooves formed all round it, the com-
pressed air or steam issuing in an annular series of numerous fine jets. The nozzles
are enlarged conically at a short distance below their orifices and at a lower part fit
each other cylindrically, grooves being formed at the cylindrical part for the
passage of the compressed air or steam. With this improved construction vibration
and noise are diminished and with a view of further diminishing them, iwo,

page_text: three, or more orinces may be provided, in one nozzle or in separate nozzles for
the oil spray to issue from; or in some cases I make the jet orifice in the form of
a straight, or curved, or cruciform slit.
As a provision against the extinguishing of the flame by the presence of water in
the oil, or other cause, I arrange a small wick burner or torch in connection with
the main burner. This torch is a small tube containing a wick of asbestos or other
suitable material and connected by a branch pipe and valve to the main ascension
oil pipe, its upper end being placed inside the cup or just above its edge, so that
the small permanent flame of the wick may relight the main flame whenever it
happens to become extinguished.
In my improved lamp or burner which may be arranged to project the flame in a
vertical, inclined, or horizontal direction, the jet of spray may be formed by means
of steam or compressed air. When steam is used 1 arrange the oil reservoir at
such a
height that the oil will issue from the oil nozzle without requiring any
sucking action of the steam, as such sucking action involves a greater consumption of
steam and a consequent inferiority in the flame. When the oil reservoir cannot
conveniently be placed at a sufficient height I apply steam pressure to raise the oil
from a vessel or tank below the burner by means of a flexible bag placed within the
vessel or tank and connected to a branch steam pipe. The steam acts directly or
through water in the interior of the bag and is thus prevented from mixing with
the oil. Whether using air or steam I prefer to insure its thorough dryness by
passing it through a vessel or through piping heated by the flame.
In applying the lamp or burner for heating purposes I arrange it so that the flame
or flames is or are projected into the furnace or heating chamber in such manner
as to operate on the articles to be heated by its radiant action rather than by playing
upon them. Thus in a furnace for heating rivets or the like, I direct the flame
or flames in a horizontal or inclined direction above the bottom or hearth; and in
a furnace for heating a crucible I direct the flames downwards round the sides of
the crucible. And in all applications of the improved lamp or burner for heating
purposes, when it can be conveniently managed I arrange the pipes for supplying
the oil and compressed air or steam to the lamps or burners through flues through
which the used hot gases pass off from the furnaces. I also cause the air which
is supplied to the outside of the jet of spray to complete the combustion, to be
previously heated by passing through passages or spaces heated by the used gases ;
and in the case of portable or other small furnaces intended to be used for short
periods I form the passages for heating the air with iron or other suitable metal in
order that the heat may he rapidly communicated to the air.
Dated this First day of February 1887.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and Connected with Spray Lamps or Burners for
Lighting or Heating.
I, JAMES BALLANTYNE HANNAY, of Cove Castle, Loch Long, in the County of
Dumbarton, North Britain, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement, that is to say :-
My said Invention has for its object to improve the construction and arrange-
ment of the parts of spray lamps or burners for burning oil in the form of spray for
lighting and heating purposes.
"
My improvements are applicable to what is now well known as the "Lucigen'
and to other spray lamps and will be best understood by aid of the accompanying
drawings.
Figure, 1, is a vertical section of the complete burner. Figure, 2, is an enlarged
plan of the jet nozzle employed when working with steam, figure, 3, being a corre
sponding vertical section, and figure, 4, an inverted plan. Figure, 5, is an inverted
horizontal section as at the line A-A in figure, 1. Figure, 6, is an elevation drawn
to a small scale showing one arrangement of the burner in connection with its oil
reservoir, and figure, 7, is a sectional elevation showing another.
10:
and
One of my present improvements consists in a novel construction for supplying air
to the lower part of the flame or flames within the combustion vessel or cup,
in carrying it out this cup, 10, which is made wholly or partly cylindrical, has a
number of holes, indicated by dotted lines and formed round its lower part for the
admission of air into an annular space between the shell of the cup and an inner
cylindrical shell, 11, which inner shell prevents currents of air from proceeding
directly and unequally to the flame. Air entering the holes passes up over the
inner shell, 11, and is deflected downwards from above it by a curved inner shell, 9.
Round the upper part of the interior of the cup, 10, there is coiled a pipe, 12,
through which the compressed air or steam is passed so as to become superheated
by the flame. The nozzles for the jets of oil and compressed air or steam are made
in an improved manner insuring their being concentric with each other and causing
the jets to issue regularly and uniformly. The inner nozzle, 13, for the oil is made
with its extreme end cylindrical and with a small round central hole and it projects
just through the orifice of the outer nozzle, 14, the last named orifice being shaped
as though first made cylindrical to fit the inner nozzle and subsequently having fine
grooves formed all round it, the compressed air or steam issuing in an annular series
of numerous fine jets. The nozzles are enlarged conically at a short distance below
their orifices and at a lower part, 15, fit each other cylindrically, grooves being
formed at the cylindrical part for the passage of the compressed air or steam.
this improved construction vibration and noise are diminished and with a view of further
With

page_text: diminishing them two, three or more orifices may be provided in one nozzle or in
separate nozzles for the oil spray to issue from; or in some cases I make the jet
orifice in the form of a straight, or curved or cruciform slit. When compressed air
is used the nozzles may be made as formerly but with the orifices of the outer nozzle of
about the same size as that of the inner nozzle and with a small space between the
inner and outer nozzles in which the air and oil can intermix.
As a provision against the extinguishing of the flame by the presence of water
in the oil or by other cause I arrange a small wick burner or torch, 16, in connection
with the main burner. This torch, 16, is a small tube containing a wick, 17, of
asbestos or other suitable material and connected by a branch pipe, 18, and valve, 19,
to the main ascension oil pipe, 20, its upper end being placed inside the bottom, 21,
of the cup so that the small permanent flame of the wick may relight the main flame
whenever it happens to become extinguished.
The supply of oil in the main pipe, 20, is regulated by means of a screw stop
valve, 22, the spindle of which passes through a stuffing box, and which is fitted in
connection with an inlet passage, 23, formed at the lower end of the main pipe, 20.
The supply of compressed air or steam is regulated by means of a stop valve, 21,
which is by preference, fitted also to the main pipe, 20, so that the two valves, 22,
and 24, can be near together conveniently for joint regulation. The compressed air
or steam is led by a pipe (not shown) to an inlet branch, 25, shown in figure, 5, and
indicated by a dotted circle in figure, 1, and this inlet branch, 25, communicates by a
passage, 26, with the orifice controlled by the valve, 24, and a passage, 27, leads from
that orifice to a pipe, 28, which is connected to the coiled pipe, 12, inside of the
burner cup, 10. The other end of the coiled pipe, 12, has connected to it a pipe, 29,
which leads into the upper part, 30, of the main pipe, 20; and in this part, 30, an
inner pipe. 31, is fixed to lead the oil up centrally to the oil nozzle, 13, whilst the
compressed air or steam passes up round this inner pipe, 31, to the space between the
inner and outer nozzles, 13, 14.
In my improved lamp or burner which may be arranged to project the flame in a
vertical, inclined, or horizontal direction the jet of spray may be formed by means of
steam or compressed air. When steam is used I arrange the oil reservoir, 32, as
shown in figure, 6, at such a height that the oil led to the burner by a pipe, 33,
will issue from the oil nozzle, 13, without requiring any sucking action of the steam
as such sucking action involves a greater consumption of steam and a consequent
inferiority in the flame. When the oil reservoir cannot conveniently be placed at a
sufficient height I apply steam pressure to raise the oil from a vessel or tank, 34,
below the burner as shown in figure, 7, by means of a flexible bag, 35, placed within
the vessel or tank and connected to a branch steam pipe, 36. The steam acts directly
or through water in the interior of the bag and is thus prevented from mixing with
the oil. Whether using air or steam I prefer to insure its thorough dryness by
passing it through a vessel or through the piping, 12, heated by the flame.
In applying the lamp or burner for heating purposes 1 arrange it so that the flame
or flames is or are projected into the furnace or heating chamber in such manner
as to operate on the articles to be heated by its radiant action rather than by playing
upon them. Thus in a furnace for heating rivets or the like 1 direct the flame or flames
in a horizontal or inclined direction above the bottom or hearth; and in a furnace for
heating a crucible I direct the flames downwards round the sides of the crucible.
And in all applications of the improved lamp or burner for heating purposes, when it
can be conveniently managed arrange the pipes for supplying the oil and compressed
air or steam to the lamps or burners through flues through which the used hot
gases pass off from the furnaces. I also cause the air which is supplied to the
outside of the jet of spray to complete the combustion, to be previously heated by
passing through passages or spaces heated by the used gases; and in the case of
portable or other small furnaces intended to be used for short periods I form the
passages for heating the air with iron or other suitable metal in order that the heat
may be rapidly communicated to the air.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1-The improved construction of spray lamp burner with its accessory parts sub-
stantially as hereinbefore described and as shown in figures, 1, to 5, of the
accompanying drawings.
2-The improved burner cup with air inlets round its lower part and an inner
shell over which the air has to pass, together with the coiled piping within the upper
part of the cup for heating the compressed air or steam substantially as hereinbefore
described.
3-The fitting of a torch or wick supplied with oil in connection with the
burner cup substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein before described.
4- The mode of raising the oil from a receiver or tank below the burner by means
of steam or water admitted into a flexible bag in the receiver or tank substantially in
the manner and for the purposes hereinbefore described.
5 In applying a spray lamp or burner for heating purposes, arranging it so that
the flame or flames act radiantly substantially as hereinbefore described.
Dated this Twenty-seventh day of October 1887
EDMUND HUNT,
Applicant's Agent.

page_text: This Specification was, upon the 16th day of June 1888, amended under
Sections 18 to 21 of the Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks Act, 1883.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and Connected with Spray Lamps or Burners for
Lighting or Heating.
I, JAMES BALLANTYNE HANNAY, of Cove Castle, Loch Long, in the County of
Dumbarton, North Britain, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this Invention
to be as follows, that is to say :-
My said Invention has for its object to improve the construction and arrangement
of the parts of spray lamps or burners for burning oil in the form of spray for
lighting and heating purposes.
My improvements are applicable to what is now well known as the Lucigen and to
other spray lamps. One improvement consists in a novel construction for supplying
air to the lower part of the flame or flaines within the combustion vessel or cup:
and in carrying it out this cup which is made wholly or partly cylindrical has a
number of holes formed round its lower part for the admission of air into an annular
space between the shell of the cup and an inner cylindrical shell which inner shell
prevents currents of air from proceeding directly and unequally to the flame. Air
entering the holes passes up over the inner shell and may be deflected downwards
from above it by an annular curved flange if found desirable. Round the upper part
of the interior of the cup there is coiled a pipe through which the compressed air or
steam is passed so as to become superheated by the flame. The nozzles for the jets of
oil and compressed air or steam are made in an improved manner insuring their
being concentric with each other and causing the jets to issue regularly and
uniformly. The inner nozzle for the oil is made with its extreme end cylindrical and
with a small round central hole, and it projects just through the orifice of the outer
nozzle, the last named orifice being shaped as though first made cylindrical to fit the
inner nozzle and subsequently having fine grooves formed all round it, the com-
pressed air or steam issuing in an annular series of numerous fine jets. The nozzles
are enlarged conically at a short distance below their orifices and at a lower part fit
each other cylindrically, grooves being formed at the cylindrical part for the
passage of the compressed air or steam. With this improved construction vibration
and noise are diminished and with a view of further diminishing them, two,

page_text: three, or more orifices may be provided, in one nozzle or in separate nozzles for
the oil spray to issue from; or in some cases I make the jet orifice in the form of
a straight, or curved, or cruciform slit.
As a provision against the extinguishing of the flame by the presence of water in
the oil, or other cause, I arrange a small wick burner or torch in connection with
the main burner. This torch is a small tube containing a wick of asbestos or other
suitable material and connected by a branch pipe and valve to the main ascension
oil pipe, its upper end being placed inside the cup or just above its edge, so that
the small permanent flame of the wick may relight the main flame whenever it
happens to become extinguished.
In my improved lamp or burner which may be arranged to project the flame in a
vertical, inclined, or horizontal direction, the jet of spray may be formed by means
of steam or compressed air. When steam is used I arrange the oil reservoir at
such a
height that the oil will issue from the oil nozzle without requiring any
sucking action of the steam, as such sucking action involves a greater consumption of
steam and a consequent inferiority in the flame. When the oil reservoir cannot
conveniently be placed at a sufficient height I apply steam pressure to raise the oil
from a vessel or tank below the burner by means of a flexible bag placed within the
vessel or tank and connected to a branch steam pipe. The steam acts directly or
through water in the interior of the bag and is thus prevented from mixing with
the oil. Whether using air or steam I prefer to insure its thorough dryness by
passing it through a vessel or through piping heated by the flame.
In applying the lamp or burner for heating purposes I arrange it so that the flame
or flames is or are projected into the furnace or heating chamber in such manner
as to operate on the articles to be heated by its radiant action rather than by playing
upon them. Thus in a furnace for heating rivets or the like, I direct the flame
or flames in a horizontal or inclined direction above the bottom or hearth; and in
a furnace for heating a crucible I direct the flames downwards round the sides of
the crucible. And in all applications of the improved lamp or burner for heating
purposes, when it can be conveniently managed I arrange the pipes for supplying
the oil and compressed air or steam to the lamps or burners through flues through
which the used hot gases pass off from the furnaces. I also cause the air which
is supplied to the outside of the jet of spray to complete the combustion, to be
previously heated by passing through passages or spaces heated by the used gases;
and in the case of portable or other small furnaces intended to be used for short
periods I form the passages for heating the air with iron or other suitable metal in
order that the heat may be rapidly communicated to the air.
Dated this First day of February 1887.

page_text: гаргостолю
аци
Lighting or Heating.
I, JAMES BALLANTYNE HANNAY, of Cove Castle, Loch Long, in the County of
Dumbarton, North Britain, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described.
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-that is to say
My said Invention has for its object to improve the construction and arrange-
ment of the parts of spray lamps or burners for burning oil in the form of spray for
lighting and heating purposes.
,,
My improvements are applicable to what is now well known as the "Lucigen
and to other spray lamps and will be best understood by aid of the accompanying
drawings.
Figure, 1, is a vertical section of the complete burner. Figure, 2, is an enlarged
plan of the jet nozzle employed when working with steam, figure, 3, being a corre-
sponding vertical section, and figure, 4, an inverted plan. Figure, 5, is an inverted
horizontal section as at the line A-A in figure, 1. Figure, 6, is an elevation drawn
to a small scale showing one arrangement of the burner in connection with its oil
reservoir, and figure, 7, is a sectional elevation showing another.
One of my present improvements consists in a novel construction for supplying air
to the lower part of the flame or flames within the combustion vessel or cup, 10; and
in carrying it out this cup, 10, which is made wholly or partly cylindrical, has a
number of holes, indicated by dotted lines and formed round its lower part for the
admission of air into an annular space between the shell of the cup and an inner
cylindrical shell, 11, which inner shell prevents currents of air from proceeding
directly and unequally to the flame. Air entering the holes passes up over the
inner shell, 11, and is deflected downwards from above it by a curved inner-shell, 9.
Round the upper part of the interior of the cup, 10, there is coiled a pipe, 12,
through which the compressed air or steam is passed so as to become superheated
by the flame. The nozzles for the jets of oil and compressed air or steam are made
in an improved manner insuring their being concentric with each other and causing
the jets to issue regularly and uniformly. The inner nozzle, 13, for the oil is made
with its extreme end cylindrical and with a small round central hole and it projects
just through the orifice of the outer nozzle, 14, the last named orifice being shaped
as though first made cylindrical to fit the inner nozzle and subsequently having fine
grooves formed all round it, the compressed air or steam issuing in an annular series
of numerous fine jets. The nozzles are enlarged conically at a short distance below
their orifices and at a lower part, 15, fit each other cylindrically, grooves being
With
formed at the cylindrical part for the passage of the compressed air or steam.
this improved construction vibration and noise are diminished and with a view of further

page_text: diminishing them two, three or more orifices may be provided in one nozzle or in
separate nozzles for the oil spray to issue from; or in some cases I make the jet
orifice in the form of a straight, or curved or cruciform slit. When compressed air
is used the nozzles may be made as formerly but with the orifices of the outer nozzle of
about the same size as that of the inner nozzle and with a small space between the
inner and outer nozzles in which the air and oil can intermix.
As a provision against the extinguishing of the flame by the presence of water
in the oil or by other cause I arrange a small wick burner or torch, 16, in connection
with the main burner. This torch, 16, is a small tube containing a wick, 17, of
asbestos or other suitable material and connected by a branch pipe, 18, and valve, 19,
to the main ascension oil pipe, 20, its upper end being placed inside the bottom, 21,
of the cup so that the small permanent flame of the wick may relight the main flame
whenever it happens to become extinguished.
The supply of oil in the main pipe, 20, is regulated by means of a screw stop
valve, 22, the spindle of which passes through a stuffing box, and which is fitted in
connection with an inlet passage, 23, formed at the lower end of the main pipe, 20.
The supply of compressed air or steam is regulated by means of a stop valve, 24,
which is by preference fitted also to the main pipe, 20, so that the two valves, 22,
and 24, can be near together conveniently for joint regulation. The compressed air
or steam is led by a pipe (not shown) to an inlet branch, 25, shown in figure, 5, and
indicated by a dotted circle in figure, 1, and this inlet branch, 25, communicates by a
passage, 26, with the orifice controlled by the valve, 24, and a passage, 27, leads from
that orifice to a pipe, 28, which is connected to the coiled pipe, 12, inside of the
burner cup, 10. The other end of the coiled pipe, 12, has connected to it a pipe, 29,
which leads into the upper part, 30, of the main pipe, 20; and in this part, 30, an
inner pipe, 31, is fixed to lead the oil up centrally to the oil nozzle, 13, whilst the
compressed air or steam passes up round this inner pipe, 31, to the space between the
inner and outer nozzles, 13, 14.
In my improved lamp or burner which may be arranged to project the flame in a
vertical, inclined, or horizontal direction the jet of spray may be formed by means of
steam or compressed air. When steam is used I arrange the oil reservoir, 32, as
shown in figure, 6, at such a height that the oil led to the burner by a pipe, 33,
will issue from the oil nozzle, 13, without requiring any sucking action of the steam
as such sucking action involves a greater consumption of steam and a consequent
inferiority in the flame. When the oil reservoir cannot conveniently be placed at a
sufficient height I apply steam pressure to raise the oil from a vessel or tank, 34,
below the burner as shown in figure, 7, by means of a flexible bag, 35, placed within
the vessel or tank and connected to a branch steam pipe, 36. The steam acts directly
or through water in the interior of the bag and is thus prevented from mixing with
the oil. Whether using air or steam I prefer to insure its thorough dryness by
passing it through a vessel or through the piping, 12, heated by the flame.
In applying the lamp or burner for heating purposes I arrange it so that the flame
or flames is or are projected into the furnace or heating chamber in such manner
as to operate on the articles to be heated by its radiant action rather than by playing
upon them. Thus in a furnace for heating rivets or the like I direct the flame or flames
in a horizontal or inclined direction above the bottom or hearth; and in a furnace for
heating a crucible I direct the flames downwards round the sides of the crucible.
And in all applications of the improved lamp or burner for heating purposes, when it
can be conveniently managed I arrange the pipes for supplying the oil and compressed
air or steam to the lamps or burners through flues through which the used hot
gases pass off from the furnaces. I also cause the air which is supplied to the
outside of the jet of spray to complete the combustion, to be previously heated by
passing through passages or spaces heated by the used gases; and in the case of
portable or other small furnaces intended to be used for short periods I form the
passages for heating the air with iron or other suitable metal in order that the heat
may be rapidly communicated to the air..

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1-The improved construction of spray lamp burner with its accessory parts sub-
stantially as herein before described and as shown in figures, 1, to 5, of the
accompanying drawings.
2-The improved burner cup with air inlets round its lower part and an inner
shell over which the air has to pass, together with the coiled piping within the upper
part of the cup for heating the compressed air or steam substantially as hereinbefore
described.
3-The fitting of a torch or wick supplied with oil in connection with the
burner cup substantially in the manner and for the purposes hereinbefore described.
4-The mode of raising the oil from a receiver or tank below the burner by means
of steam or water under pressure admitted into a flexible bag in the receiver or tank
substantially in the manner and for the purposes hereinbefore described.
5 In-applying a spray lamp or burner for heating purposes, arranging it so that
the flame or flames act radiantly substantially as hereinbefore described.
Didil: m
EDMUND HUNT,
Applicant's Agent.