Improvements in Filtering Apparatus.
Year: 1890

page_text: Late of Application, 7th May, 1890
Complete Specification Left, 5th Feb., 1891-Accepted, 7th Mar., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECTERATION.
Improvements in Filtering Apparatus.
We, BERTRAM HUNT, and WILLIAM MCDONNELL MACKEY, of Victoria
Chambers, South Parade, Leeds, in the County of York, Analytical and Consulting
Chemists, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows, that is to
say :-
Our said invention has for its object to facilitate operations when dealing with
large quantities of liquids containing suspended matters such as sewage or waste or
residuary liquids or sludges from various manufactures.
Our improved apparatus is designed for rapid filtering, and is not intended to
completely separate all the water or liquid from the mixture operated on, but to
bring the solid or semi-solid or slimy constituents into a condition admitting of their
being shovelled or otherwise removed from the filtering apparatus to be carted away.
In order to avoid the expense of too frequent renewals of the whole or part of the
sand or filtering material, we employ an improved grating or carrier to support that
material, such grating or carrier being made with angular or very narrow edges
projecting up to the top surface of the material and serving to guide the shovels or
instruments used in removing the matters from which water or liquid has filtered,
and preventing them from removing the sand or filtering material. Such a grating
or sand carrier may be constructed in various ways; but in one simple modification it
consists of iron bars of diamond or triangular section placed each with an angle or
elge projecting upwards, the bars being arranged so closely together as at their
widest parts to leave too narrow a space for the sand or filtering material to pass
through. The sand or filtering material is packed in the angular channels formed
between the upper parts of the bars, and its upper surface is made level with the
top edges of the bars.
In some cases a layer of fine sand or other suitable filtering material may be put
upon the top of the permanent sand, such top layer being of course removed with
each quantity of sludge or matters from which water has been filtered. To
facilitate removal a side or part of a side of the filtering tank may be made movable
to allow of the sludge or matters being scraped or shovelled directly into barrows
or carts.
A partial vacuum may be applied under the filter bed to expedite the filtering
action.
Did the C-th day of No 1800
EDMUND HUNT,
Applicants Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Filtering Apparatus.
We, BERTRAM HUNT, and WILLIAM MCDONNELL MACKEY, of Victoria
Chambers, South Parade, Leeds, in the County of York, Analytical and Consulting
Chemists, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say :-
Our said invention has for its object to facilitate operations when dealing with
large quantities of liquids containing suspended matters, such as sewage or waste
residuary liquids or sludges from various manufactures.
Our improved apparatus is designed for rapid filtering and is not intended to
completely separate all the water or liquid from the mixture operated on but to

page_text: bring the solid or semi-solid constituents into a condition admitting of their
being shovelled or otherwise removed from the filtering apparatus to be carted
away.
In order to avoid the expense of too frequent renewals of the whole or part of
the sand or filtering material we employ improved gratings or carriers to support
that material, such gratings or carriers being made with angular or very narrow
edges projecting up, in some cases to the top surface of the material and serving to
guide the shovels or instruments used in removing the matters from which the liquid
has filtered, and preventing them from removing the sun or filtering material
which is between the projecting parts of the gratings or carriers.
Examples of our improved filter-bel gratings are delineated on two accompanying
sheets of explanatory drawings. Figure 1, on Sheet 1. being a sectional plan.
Figure, 2. a section side elevation, and Figure 3. a longitudinal vertical section of
a filtering tank as provided with one modification of grating. Figures. 4, and, 5,
on Sheet, 2. are an enlarged section and plan of a part of the grating. Figures, G.
aml, 7. are similar views showing a second modification, Figures, 8, and 9, showing
a third modification, and Figure, 10, a fourth. In those drawings the same
reference letters are used to mark the saine or like parts wherever they are
repeated.
The grating or sand carrier may be constructed in various ways but in a
simple modification shown in Figures, 1, to, 5, it consists of iron bars, A, of
diamond section (or it might be triangular section) placed each with an angle or
elge projecting upwards, these bar, A, being placed so closely together as at their
widest parts to leave too narrow a space for the sand or filtering material to pass
through. The sand or filtering material is to be packed in the angular channels
formed between the upper parts of the bars, A'; and its upper surface is to be
made level with the top edges of the bars, or the top surface of the sand or
filtering material may be made a little higher than the top edges of the bars, A.
or a layer of fine sand or other suitable material may be put upon the top of the
permanent sand, such top layer being of course removed with each quantity of
sludge or matters from which water has been filtered.
The grating bars, A, are supported on longitudinal bearing bars, B, fixed in end
walls, C; and a shallow tank is formed to receive the sewage or other liquid to be
filtered with a space, D, below it for the filtered liquid and from which it may
pass away along any convenient channel. The sides to the tank consist of an
upward extension, E, of one end wall, a wall, F, along one side, which may be
supported on pillars or otherwise, a cast-iron trough, i, at the other end to
receive the liquid to be filtered and from which it can flow evenly into the tank
without disturbing the filtering material, and at the remaining side a removable
piece or door, H. This door, II, is held in a groove in a longitudinal cast-iron
bearer, and when the matters deposited on the filter bed have accumulated to
the extent considered desirable, this door. 11, is raised out of its holding groove,
and then the deposited matters can be easily shovelled out of the tank into carts
or waggons for removal.
Instead of the grating bars, A, being solid as shown in Figures, 4 and 5,
they may consist of ordinary angle-iron bars, K, as shown in Figures, 6, and 7,
and when such angle-iron bars are used their inner parts at the ends may be
closed by projections east on the side flanges or bars on which they rest, or by
pieces fixed in at the ends, or in any other convenient way. The grating bars, (A.),
may be made of various proportions as to depth and breadth and in some cases
when an extra depth of filtering material is required, it will be suflicient to make
only some of the bars, as, 1, in Figure, 8, of the extra depth, such deeper bars
being arranged at regular intervals so as to serve as guides for the shovels employed
in removing the deposited matters. The deeper bars, L, as well as the smaller
ones, M, ay be made of angle-iron of suitable sections as shown in Figure, 10.
When the liquid to be filtered is of a corrosive character or when the contact of
the liquid with gratings or other parts of iron or metal is undesirable for any

page_text: reason, either the metal bars and parts may be coated with any suitable substance
which is not casily corroded or they may be made of glass, or earthenware or
firebrick, or other suitable material.
In any cases in which it may be desirable the space under the filter bed
may be enclosed and a partial vacuum may be formed in it to expedite the
filtering operation.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :-
In filtering apparatus, the employment of gratings or carriers to support the
filtering material and form the filter beds, such gratings being made up of bars
shaped to form between them channels or grooves at the bottoms of which the bars
are nearly in contact, whilst the bars are made with angular or narrow upwardly
projecting edges, the said edges of all or some of the bars extending up or nearly
up to the top surface of the filtering materials, substantially as and for the purposes
hereinbefore described.
Dated this Fourth day of Fahmiary 1891
EDMUND HUNT,
Applicants' Agent.