Improvements in and connected with Incandescent Oil Lamps.
Year: 1896

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Incandescent Oil Lamps.
I, MAX GRAETZ, of 31, Lausitzer Strasse of Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia, German
Empire, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention refers to an improved incandescence lamp that is constructed for
the use of petroleum, and the characteristic features of which are the following:
The wick-screw is combined with a device for limiting the position of height
of the wick, or for preventing the operator from raising the wick up to such a
height that the flame commences to smoke.
The flame-disk is situated not above the opening of the cap, but directly in the
plane of said opening.
The cap (together with the gallery, the chimney, and the incandescence body)
is removable from the body or lower part of the burner.
The diameter of the chimney is at least twice as great as the diameter of the
outer wick-tube.
The incandescence body may be raised (together with the cap, the gallery, and
the chimney) over the upper end of the wick-tube.
:
The objects attained by the above enumerated characteristic features are the
following:
By arranging the flame-disk in the plane of the opening of the cap I attain a
vory high and perfectly non-luminous flame the. shape of which when not con-
tracted by an incandescence body resembles an inverted truncated cone, and which
heats the incandescence body uniformly at every point situated above said plane.
By making tue cap removable from the body or lower part of the burner the
latter may very easily be thoroughly cleaned.
By letting the chimney have a diameter of at least twice that of the outer wick-
tube the flame is fibm the beginning, prevented from smoking, or from
sooting the incandescence body respectively. The incandescence body remains.
therefore in its original good condition, and keeps for a long time its full light-
emitting power.
By attaching the holder for the incandescence body to the vertically movable
cap of the burner, and by enabling it thus to be raised together with the chimney,
the incandescence body is perfectly secured against any outer touch; it cannot
come in contact with a match, and is thus fully prevented from being soiled
by the smoking flame of such a one.
It results from all this, that an incandescence lamp constructed as above stated
is able to emit a bright light for an extremely long time, and surpasses therefore
all similar sorts of lamps known up to now in the market. I have found this
confirmed by an extended series of trials, and by carefully comparing the pre-
viously existing lamps with my improved one.
In order to make my invention more clear, I refer to the accompanying drawing,
in which similar letters denote similar parts throughout the different views, and
in which:

page_text: Figure 1 is a vertical section through my improved lamp, the cap (together
with the gallery, the chimney, and the incandesceuce body) being raised;
Figure 2 shows the (known) means for raising the cap, and the (novel) means
for detachably connecting the cap with said former means, and
Figure 3 is a horizontal section taken in line 45 of Figure 1.
Figure 4 shows the wick-screw with the novel parts for limiting, and adjusting,
the position of height of the wick, drawn on a larger scale, and
Figure 5 is a detail of Figure 4.
The lower part or body a of the burner holds in known manner the wick
tubes bb, and the latter hold in known manner the flame-disk e that is situated a
short distance above said wick-tubes. The upper portion a of the body a serves
as a base or support for the cap d; the height of the latter is such a one that the
plane of its opening coincides with the plane of the disk c.
The portion of the cap is provided with two slits (Figure 3) that are enlarged
at one end, and through which take hooks e secured to a ring e (Figure 2). The
latter is attached to rods c e, that are vertically movable in guides 'n' held by the
body a.
Said rods ce are provided with pins that take each into a curved slot
of a leverf secured to a horizontal shaft g; the latter has its bearings formed by
suitable portions of the body a, and is provided with a handle g (Figure 2). By
turning this handle in one or the other direction the cap d d is raised or lowered,
together with the gallery h, the chimney i, and the incandescence-body k (the latter
is held by an angular rod 7 fixed to the cap by means of a hand-screw m), and
after being raised all these parts remain in their high position on account of
the levers preventing the pins e³ ³ from falling, and said pins preventing
said levers from turning. These means for raising and fixing certain parts of a
burner are well known, and I do not lay any claim thereupon.
The wick is raised and lowered in known manner by means of the cogged-
wheel n (Figure 4), which is secured to the axle o. The latter cannot, however,
be turned as far as desired but can be turned only for a certain way so that the
position of height of the wick is limited thereby, as already mentioned in the
preamble. The handle or knob p of the axle o is not rigidly attached to said axle
but may be turned as well as displaced thereon. In order to couple the knob p
to the axle o iu auy desired position the said axle is furnished with a serrated
wheel into the peripheral spaces or recesses of which takes a projection or pin s
(Figures 4 & 5) that is secured to the knob. The proper gear of the pin's with the
serrated wheel r is maintained by means of a spring (Figure 4), which is situated
within an internal space of the knob p. If the latter is displaced upon the axle o
in the direction to the free end of the latter, the pins leaves the respective
recess of the wheel r and the knob may then be turned in one or the other direction,
so that the pin s may take into another recess of the wheel r.
The axle o is held by a piece of tube that serves as a bearing for said axle
and is secured to the body a of the burner. The free end of said piece of tube
carries a disc w (Figures 4 & 5) the diameter of which is smaller than the diameter
of the wheel r.
Said disk is provided with a lug w that projects over the teeth of the wheel r,
and forms an abutment for the pin s of the knob p. The disk w with its lug or
projection is stationary and it is thus to be seen that the knob » (together
with the wheel r and the axle o and the cogged wheel ) can be turned for
such a way only, as corresponds to the distance between the pin s of the knob p
and the lug w of the disk w. The upward movement of the wick is thus stopped
as soon as the pin s abuts against the lug w, but the length of way which the
wick passes through on being moved upwards depends on the distance between said
pin and said lug.
I prefer to furnish the mechanism just described with an elastic abutment
besides the rigid one (formed by the lug w) and I employ as such
on elastic abutment the projecting end of a spring that is secured to the disk w,
as shown in Figure 5. The pins when being moved by the knob p (together

page_text: with the serrated wheel r, the axle o aud the cogged-wheel. n) abuts first against
the projecting end of the spring, and then this spring is strained until the
pin sabuts against the stationary lug w. When thereafter the knob p is let
lcose it is automatically turned by the spring in an opposite direction until said
spring reaches its former position. This position i.e. the normal position of the
spring is determined by a piu y that is fixed to the disk w.
This knob with its pin s should be adjusted with regard to the serrated wheel r
in such a way, that the position of height of the wick is the normal one, when the
pin s on being turned by the knob p has reached the elastic abutment, ie. the
end of the spring. The position of height of the wick is then such a one, that
the wick produces just that flame as necessary for properly heating the incan-
descence body of the lamp.
However, ou igniting the lamp the wick should be moved a little higher for the
purpose of attaining a quicker ignition of the proper area of surface of the wick.
For that purpose the knob p is first so far turned that the pin s strikes against the
rigid abutment formed by the lug w of the disk w; the knob p is held in this
position for say 10 seconds when it is let loose so that the wick is lowered for a
certain short way as determined by the small distance between the stationary
abutment w & the yielding abutment a¹, as described.
Dated this 24th day of December, 1896.
By Geo. H. Rayner,
MAA URAPTO
37 Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Incandescent Oil Lamps.
I, MAX GRAETZ, of 31, Lausitzer Strasse of Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia, German
Empire, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, aud in
what mauner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described' and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
This invention refers to an improved incandescent lamp constructed for use with
petroleum, the characteristic features of which are the following:
The wick-screw is combined with a device for limiting the position of height
of the wick, or for preventing the operator from raising the wick up to such a
height that the flame commences to smoke.
The flame-disk is situated not above the opening of the cap, but directly in the
plane of said opening.
The cap (together with the gallery, the chimney, and the incandescent body)
is removable from the body or lower part of the burner.
The diameter of the chimney is at least twice as large as the diameter of the
outer wick-tube.
The incandescent body may be raised (together with the cap, the gallery, and
the chimney) over the upper end of the wick-tube.
The objects attained by the above enumerated characteristic features are the
following:
By arranging the flame-disk in the plane of the opening of the cap I attain a
very high and perfectly non-luminous flame the shape of which when not con-
tracted by an incandescent body resembles an inverted' truncated cone, and which
heats the incandescent body uniformly at every point situated above said plane.
By making the cap removable from the body or lower part of the burner the
latter may very easily be thoroughly cleaned,

page_text: By letting the chimney have a diameter of at least twice that of the outer wick-
tube the flame is from the beginning prevented from smoking, or also from
covering the incandescent body with soot respectively. The incandescent body
remains therefore in its good condition as at the beginning and retains for a very
long time its full light-emitting power.
By attaching the holder for the incandescent body to the vertically movable
cap of the burner, and by enabling it thus to be raised together with the chimney,
the incandescent body is perfectly secured against any outer handling; it cannot
come in contact with a match, and is thus fully prevented from being blacked
by the smoking flame of said match or the like.
For these reasons therefore an incandescent oil-lamp constructed as above stated
emits a bright light for an extremely long time, and surpasses therefore all.
similar kinds of lamps hitherto known and introduced into. the market. I have
found this confirmed by an extended series of trials, and by carefully comparing
the previously existing lamps with my improved one.
In order to make my invention more clear, I refer to the drawing left with the
Provisional Specification, in which similar letters denote similar parts throughout
the different. views, and in which:
Figure 1 is a vertical section through my improved lamp, the cap (together
with the gallery, the chimney, and the incandescent body) being raised;
Figure 2 shows the (known) means for raising the cap, and the (novel) means
for detachably connecting the cap with said former means, and
Figure 3 is a horizontal section taken in line 4-5 of Figure 1.
Figure 4 shows the wick-screw with the novel parts for limiting, and adjusting
the position of height of the wick, drawn on a larger scale, and
Figure 5 is a detail of Figure 4.
The lower part or body a of the burner holds in known manner the wick
tubes bb, and the latter hold in known mauner the flame-disc c situated a
short distance above said wick-tubes. The upper portion a¹ of the body a serves
as a base or support for the cap d; the height of the latter is such that the
plane of its opening coincides with the plane of the disc c.
The portion of the cap is provided with two slits (Figure 3) enlarged
at one end, and through which take hooks e secured to a ring el (Figure 2). The
latter is attached to rods e e vertically movable in guides held by the
body a. Said rods e e are provided with pins that take each into a curved slot
of a lever f secured to a horizontal shaft g; the latter has its bearings formed by
suitable portions of the body a,,and is provided with a handle g (Figure 2). By
turning this handle in oue or the other direction the cap d d is raised or lowered,
together with the gallery h, the chimney, and the incandescent-body k (the latter
is held by an angular rod 1 fixed to the cap by means of a disc or thumb-screw m),
and after being raised all these parts remain in their elevated position on account of
the levers preventing the pins e³ ³ from dropping, and the said pins preventing
said levers from turning. These means for raising and fixing certain parts of a
burner are well known, and I wish it to be understood that hereto I do not lay
any claim.
The wick is raised and lowered in known manner by means of the cogged-
wheel (Figure 4), which is secured to the axle o. The latter cannot, however,
be turned as far as desired but only a certain distance so that the position-
of height of the wick is limited thereby, as already mentioned in the preamble.
The handle or knob p of the axle o is not rigidly attached to said axle
but may be turned as well as displaced thereon.. In order to couple the knob p
to the axle o in any desired position the said axle is furnished with a serrated
wheel' r into the peripheral spaces or recesses of which takes a projection or pin s
(Figures 4 & 5) secured to the knob p.
the serrated wheel r is maintained by means of a spring (Figure 4), situated
The proper gear of the pin s with
within an internal space of the knob p. If the latter is displaced upon the axle o
in the direction towards the free end of the latter, the pin leaves the respective

page_text: recess of the wheel'r and the knob may then be turned in one or the other direction,
so that the nin s may take into another recess of the wheel r.
2
The axle o is held by a piece of tube v that serves as a bearing for said axle
and is secured to the body a of the burner. The free end of said piece of tube
carries a disc w (Figures 4 & 5) the diameter of which is smaller than the diameter
of the wheel r.
Said disc is provided with a lug w that projects over the teeth of the wheel r,
and forms an abutment for the pins of the knob p. The disc w with its lug or
projection 20 is stationary and it is thus to be seen that the knob p (together
with the wheel r and the axle o aud the cogged wheel ») can be turned only such
a distance, as would correspond to the distance between the pin s of the knob p
and the lug w of the disk w. The upward movement of the wick is thus stopped
as soon as the pin comes against the lug w¹, but the distance which the
wick traverses on being moved upwards depends on the distance between said
pin and said lug.
I prefer to furnish the mechanism just described with also an elastic abutment
besides and apart from the rigid one (formed by the lug w¹) and I employ as such
flexible abutment the projecting end of a spring a secured to the disc w,
as shown in Figure 5. The pins when being moved by the knob p (together
with the serrated wheel r, the axle o and the cogged-wheel n) comes first against
the projecting end of the spring, and then this spring is extended until the
pin c comes against the stationary lug w. When thereafter the knob p is released
it is automatically turned by the spring in an opposite direction until said
spring reaches its former position. This position i.e. the normal position of the
spring is determined by a pin y fixed to the disc w.
This knob p with its piu s should be adjusted with regard to the serrated wheel r
in such manner, that the height of the wick is the normal one, when the
pins on being turned by the knob p has reached the flexible abutment ; i.e. the
end of the spring. The position of height of the wick is then such, that
the wick produces just that flame necessary for properly heating the incandescent
body of the lamp.
:
However, on igniting the lamp the wick should be moved a little higher for the
purpose of attaining a quicker ignition of the proper area of surface of the wick.
For that purpose the knob p is first so far turned that the pin s strikes against the
rigid abutment formed by the lug w of the disc w; the knob p is held in this
position for say 10 seconds when it is let loose so that the wick is lowered for a
fixed short distance, liniited or determined by the short distance between the
stationary abutment w¹ and the flexible yielding abutment .', as described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I'
claim is:-
In an incandescent lamp for the use of petroleum, the combination with a
bipartite burner, and with a device for raising the upper part of said burner, and
fixing it in its raised position, of means for detachably securing said upper part to
said device; a flame-disc situated in the plane of the upper opening of the cap of
said upper part of the burner, and a cylinder supported by said part, and having
at least twice the diameter of the wick-tube of the said burner; and means for
holding the incandescent body from the upper part of the burner, for the
purpose
as described. .
Doted this 22nd day of September 1807