IMPROVEMENTS INS GAS OR HOT AIR ENGINES HEATED BY HEAT GENERATED BY CHEMICAL ACTION, IGNITING HYDROGEN AND OXYGEZ GABES TO FORM WATER
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Pedro Vera, of the United States of Colombia,
in South America, at present residing at Number 45, Kensington
Garden Square, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS INS GAS OR HOT AIR ENGINES HEATED BY
HEAT GENERATED BY CHEMICAL ACTION, IGNITING HYDROGEN AND OXYGEZ
GABES TO FORM WATER"
Sealed the 13th July 1875, and dated the 16th January 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Pedro Vera at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th January 1875.
I, PEDRO VERA, of the United States of Colombia, in South America,
at present residing at Number 45,Kensington Garden Square, Bayswater,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS OR HOT AIR ENGINES HEATED BY HEAT
GENERATED BY CHEMICAL ACTION, IGNITING HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN GASES TO
FORM WATER," to be as follows :-

page_text: ☑
and motion by causing the explosion of a mixture of hydrogen and
oxygen gases in the proportions for forming water, and utilizing the
heat generated thereby to convert the water so formed into steam; also
to heat air to a high temperature with the steam produced in order to
serve as a motor like steam serves; and also utilizing the electricity
generated by the oxygenation of the hydrogen for decomposing water
to obtain hydrogen and oxygen gases to add to the supply of gases for
the same machine.
The apparatus may consist of a hollow cylinder "A" hermetically
closed, having pipes "a, a," connecting it with pumps "p, p," for intro-
ducing air, and' a pipe "C" for exhausting it. A piece "b, b."
composed of a strong hollow gun cylinder "f, f, f, f," divided at the
middle by a strong partition so as to form two chambers "d, d" From
the ends of the gun two tubes" e, e," larger than the gun will con-
tinue in order to serve as a guide to two disks, as if "A" were two pistons,
for the purpose of closing and opening alternately the ends of the gun
cylinder as the disks move forward and backward. The rods of these
disks or pistons." L, 1," are fixed at the cross head of a frame made of
rods “m, m." This frame will be moved with the pistons and guided by
the rings attached at the ends of the tubes.
"
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"
"
"g, g," represents two pipes entering the gun cylinder, one each side
of the partition; these pipes have a valve "h, h," and below the valve
'connect each by two branches 'r, s," with a flexible hydrogen and
oxygen holder
9, q," which have a supply pipe "t" through which
they will receive the gases pumped from a reservoir filled up with the
gases pumped from the bells of the two galvanic machines. These
holders will be constantly pressed in any manner in order that the gases
may flow rapidly when the valves "h, h," are open. These valves are
alternately opened by a lug n, n,” on one rod “m, m," and closed by
springs attached to the valves. i," represents two small glass insu- ;
lators fitted in holes in the side of the gun cylinder, one to each
chamber "d, d," through which a wire "j, j," enters each chamber
being free at their outer ends. To these ends will be alternately
approached the ends of another wire placed conveniently in order to
bring it into contact for conducting the electrical spark from a small 3
electric machine. "V, V," represents wires having one end entering the
gun cylinder, and the other connected with a galvanic apparatus for
decomposing water to obtain hydrogen and oxygen gases to be added to
"

page_text: the reservoir which supplies the flexible holders "q, q." The whole
piece "b, b," is held firmly in place attached to the cylinder "A" by
strong rings arranged conveniently. Near the ends of the tubes "e, e,"
are fixed two small tubes "b, b," which will be introduced into the
cylinder "A" at the point "e, e," through which the product of the
combustion made in the gun cylinder will pass to the cylinder “A.”
These small tubes have valves which are open towards the cylinder “A."
Besides the apparatus already explained a galvanic machine, one of
those already known, will be annexed to it in order to decompose water
and obtain hydrogen and oxygen gases to supply the machine. The
apparatus being thus arranged one of the valves will be opened to set
it in motion, and a certain quantity of mixed hydrogen and oxygen
gases in the proportion of two parts of the mass of the former, or two
volumes and one of the latter (the quantities for forming water) will
flow into one of the gun chambers at the same time a current of
electricity will be caused to enter the gun chamber, into which the gas
flows by the wire "j" of the said chamber, being brought in contact with
another wire of an electric machine by one of the lugs “n, n,” of one of
the rods "m, m," and ignite and explode the mixture by a spark, and form
water. This explosion will produce heat at the proportion of 34,462
calorics, the French unit of heat, for each gramme of hydrogen
oxygined according to the experiments of Fabie and Liberman. It will
also produce an enormous quantity of electricity, greater than that
which may be produced from any galvanic apparatus, because the
oxygenation of a quantity of hydrogen which can produce one-
thousandth of a gramme of water setts free sufficient electricity to
charge a metallic surface of one square yard twenty thousand times,
according to the experiments of Becquerel, Faraday, and others. By
the heat generated in the chemical action, the water produced will be
instantaneously converted into steam, which will force the piston “1”
from the gun chamber last exploded, so as to change the valves by the
lugs "n, n," on the other rod “m, m," and the wire connections by the other
lugs "n, n," on the rod "m, m," and cause the action to be repeated in
the other chambers, and so on. At each stroke of the piston a quantity
of air will be introduced into the cylinder "A" by the pumps "·T, P,"
which air will be heated by the heat evolved by the chemical action
(which is latent in the steam which comes through the small tubes "b, b,"
from the gun chamber "f, f." to the cylinder "A,") so that the hot air

page_text: can be utilized as a motive power, being conducted to the engine through
pipe "C."
Furthermore, the electricity generated by the chemical
action will go out of the gun cylinder by the two valves "V, V," to
another apparatus for decomposing water to obtain hydrogen and oxygen
gases, in order to add to the supply of the machine.
To avoid the loss of electricity the inside of the chambers (as well as
the sides of the pistons which touch the chambers and the inside of the
pipes to which the gases flow) will be varnished with soluble glass
made of sand, carbonate of potash and carbon, and for receiving the
electrical spark a piece of copper will be arranged in each chamber, to
which the wires which conduct the electricity to a galvanic apparatus
will be fixed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Pedro Vera in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 16th July 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME. 1, PEDRO
VERA, of the United States of Colombia, in South America, at present
residing at Number 45, Kensington Garden Square, Bayswater, in the
County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
ressors, give and grant unto me, the said Pedro Vera, Her special
licence, that I, the said Pedro Vera, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Pedro Vera, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
GAS OR HOT AIR ENGINES HEATED BY HEAT GENERATED BY CHEMICAL ACTION.
IGNITING HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN GASES TO FORM WATER," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Pedro Vera, my executors or admini-

page_text: strators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Pedro Vera, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to say):-
My Invention consists of a process and apparatus for generating heat
and motion by causing the explosion of a mixture of hydrogen and
oxygen gases in the proportions for forming water and utilizing the heat
generated thereby to convert the water so formed into steam; also to
heat air to a high temperature with the steam produced in order to serve
as a motor like steam serves; and also utilizing the electricity generated
by the oxygenation of the hydrogen for decomposing water to obtain
hydrogen and oxygen gases to add to the supply of gases for the same
machine.
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56
The apparatus may consist of a hollow cylinder "A" hermetically
closed, having pipes "a, a," connecting it with pumps "p,” p,” for
introducing air, and a pipe "C" for exhausting it. A piece "b," b,” com-
posed of a strong hollow gun cylinder "f, f," f, f," divided at the
‘f,
middle by a strong partition so as to form two chambers "d, d." From
the ends of the gun two tubes e, e,” larger than the gun will continue
in order to serve as a guide to two disks as if it were two pistons for the
purpose of closing and opening alternately the ends of the gun cylinder
as the disks move forward and backward. The rods of these disks or
pistons 1, 1, are fixed at the cross head of a frame made of rods
m, m." This frame will be moved with the pistons and guided by the
rings attached at the ends of the tubes.
แ
"g, g," represents two pipes entering the gun cylinder, one each side
of the partition. These pipes have a valve “h, h,” and below the valve con-
meet each by two branches “r, s," with a flexible hydrogen and oxygen
holder "q, q," which have a supply pipe "t," through which they will
receive the gases pumped from a reservoir filled up with the gases
pumped from the bells of two galvanic machines. These holders will
be constantly pressed in any manner in order that the gases may flow

page_text: rapidly when the valves "h, h," are open. These valves are alternately
opened by a lug "n, n," on one rod "m, m," and closed by springs
attached to the valves. "i, i," represents two small glass insulators
fitted in holes in the side of the gun cylinder, one to each chamber
d, d," through which a wire j, j, enters, each chamber being free
at their outer ends. To these ends will be alternately approached the
ends of another wire placed conveniently in order to bring it into contact
for conducting the electrical spark from a small electric machine.
"V, V," represents wires having one end entering the gun cylinder and
the other connected with a galvanic apparatus for decomposing water to
obtain hydrogen and oxygen gases to be added to the reservoir which
supplys the flexible holders "q, q.” The whole piece "b, b," is held
firmly in place attached to the cylinder "A" by strong rings arranged
conveniently. Near the ends of the tubes “e, e," are fixed two small
tubes b, b, which will be introduced into the cylinder "A" at the
point", l," through which the product of the combustion made in the
gun cylinder will pass to the cylinder "A." These small tubes have
valves which are open towards the cylinder "A."
Besides the apparatus already explained a galvanic machine, one of
those already known, will be annexed to it in order to decompose water:
and obtain hydrogen and oxygen gases to supply the machine. The
apparatus being thus arranged one of the valves will be opened to set it
in motion, and a certain quantity of mixed hydrogen and oxygen gases
in the proportion of two parts of the mass of the former or two volumes,
and one of the latter (the quantities for forming water) will flow into
one of the gun chambers. At the same time a current of electricity
will be caused to enter the gun chamber, into which the gas flows by
the wire "j" of the said chamber being brought in contact with another
wire of an electric machine by one of the lugs "n, n," of one of the
rods “m, m,” and ignite and explode the mixture by a spark, and form
water. This explosion will produce heat at the proportion of 34,462
calories (the French unit of heat) for each gramme of hydrogen
oxygened, according to the experiments of Fabre and Lilberman. It
will also produce an enormous quantity of electricity, greater than that
which may be produced from any galvanic apparatus, because the 3
oxygenantion of a quantity of hydrogen, which can produce one-
thousandth of a gramme of water, setts free sufficient electricity to
charge a metallic surface of one square yard twenty thousand times,

page_text: E
according to the experiments of Becquerel, Faraday, and others. By
the heat generated in the chemical action the water produced will be
instantaneously converted into steam, which will force the piston "2"
from the gun chamber last exploded so as to change the valves by the
lugs "n, n," on the other rod "m, m," and the wire connections by the
other lugs "n, n," on the rod 'm, m," and cause the action to be
repeated in the other chamber, and so on. At each stroke of the piston
a quantity of air will be introduced into the cylinder "A" by the pumps
P, p," which air will be heated by the heat evolved by the chemical
action (which is latent in the steam which comes through the small
tubes "b, b," from the gun chamber "f, f," to the cylinder "A"), so that
the hot air can be utilized as a motive power, being conducted to the
engine through pipe "C." Furthermore the electricity generated by the
chemical action will go out of the gun cylinder by the two wires "V, V,"
to another apparatus for decomposing water to obtain hydrogen and
oxygen gases in order to add to the supply of the machine.
To avoid the loss of electricity the inside of the chambers (as well as
the sides of the pistons which touch the chambers, and the inside of
the pipes to which the gases flow), will be varnished with soluble glass
made of sand, carbonate of potash, and carbon, and for receiving the
electrical spark a piece of copper will be arranged in each chamber, to
which the wires which conduct the electricity to a galvanic apparatus
will be fixed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Pedro Vera, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Tenth day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.
Signed and sealed by the said
Pedro Vera, in the presence
of
F. PRATT,
Clerk to Job, Bro'. & Co.,
46, Cannon S., E.C.
PEDRO VERA. (L.B.)