Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Apr., 1887
Complete. Left, 16th Jan., 1888
Complete Accepted, 9th Mar., 1888
1, JOSEPH DAUBER of Barmen, Rhenish Prussia Germany Merchant do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The ice machines hitherto in use require an extra ordinary great quantity of cooling
water which increases the costs of icemaking considerably and which may even make
the use of such a machine impossible; for instance in very dry seasons. On the other
hand these machines produce lower temperatures than is really necessary or else these
low temperatures can not be used out fully for the production of ice. This of cours
usefull
causes a loss because the full amount of work done can not be absorbed in
manner.
My object is to avoid these losses or at least to reduce them to the least possible
minimum.
On the annexed drawing the figures 1, 2 & 3 show my improvements in ice-
machines, whereas Fig. 4 which shows the old arrangement is drawn for the sake of
enabling a better comparison between the new and old systems.
With the old systeun the arrangement and the cours of operations and processes is
the following.
"A pump or compressor P forces the ammoniac gases through a regulator R to the
condensor C where they are condensed by passing through a row of pipes in serpentine
whilst cold water is running in the opposite direction around them in the condensor.
The condensed ammonia passes then in a liquid state to the collecting vessel S. From
thence it is forced to the distributor V and is brought to the serpentine in the
refrigerator where it evaporates, thus absorbing the heat of the salt liquid-a solution
of chloride of calcium-in the refrigerator and causing the water contained in the
boxes suspended in the solution to freeze.
From these serpentines the gases are carried through the pipe N back to the pump
to begin the same circular current.
Soon after an apparatus has been started the pipe N will be covered by ice which
can not be used and the low temperature from it is wasted.
The temperature of the chloride of calcium in the refrigerator is so low that this
solution can be conducted with advantage through other localities, the cellars of a
brewery for instance, to cool them, without hardly any increase of temperature of
the solution.
Thus for instance it happens that the fluid entering into a cellar at a temperature

page_text: of -10° C only loses 2° C by a length of cooling pipes of several thousand feet and
by a temperature of the cellar of about + 2° to + 1° C.
In order to use out this surplus of low temperature economically I make either of
the arrangements shown by figs. 1, 2 & 3 if a new machine is to be built or if an
old one is to be improved, as the case may be.
1). NEW ARRANGEMENT WITHOUT A CONDENSOR fig. 1.
In order to avoid the condensor which wastes a great quantity of water, I force the
gases through the regulating vessel R¹ by means of the compressor P¹ and thence
direct into the refrigerator E¹ in serpentine pipes at the bottom of the same and when
they are quite fluid they are conducted to the collecting vessel S¹ and from this to the
distributor V¹ where they are distributed into the evaporating pipes and thence back
through the common pipe N¹ to the pump P¹.
I have observed that by this arrangement less heat is brought to the solution in the
refrigerator than the surplus amount of cold contained in it for making the ice.-The
condensor and the cooling water required otherwise for it can therefore be omitted
altogether and also the pumping arrangement for the condensor which would be
necessary. This of cours causes a great saving of working expenses.
2. ARRANGEMENT
WITH A
CONDENSOR BUT WITHOUT USING COOLING
WATER fig. 2.
1 force the ammoniac gases by the pump P2 through the regulating vessel R2 into
the serpentine pipes in the condensor (where they are condensed and then conducted
in a fluid state to the collecting vessel S2 whence they are brought to the distributor V2
and then to the serpentine pipes in the refrigerator E². Here the fluid ammonia
evaporates, absorbing heat from the solution of chloride of calcium and is drawn back
to the pump P2 through the pipe N².
Now instead of cooling the pipe in the condensor by the continuous supply of fresh
cooling water I connect the condensor by means of the pipes K and a rotary pump M
placed between the condensor and the refrigerator and I force the solution from the
latter in a continuous stream through the condensor.
A modification of this arrangement is to force the solution of chloride of calcium
in pipes through the condensor and thus cooling constantly its cooling water which
does not require renewing. In this case the cooling water used may also be employed
for other cooling purposes, for instance for cooling worts etc. Here as with the
arrangement described before the solution of chloride of calcium in the refrigerator
receives far less heat from the pipes containing the ammoniac gas than is absorbed
from it by the re-evaporation of the fluid ammonia and consequently there will be
always a surplus of low temperature for the freezing process and a saving will be
the result.
3). ARRANGEMENT FOR ICE MACHINES AT WORK BUT WITHOUT THE USE OF A
CONSTANT SUPPLY OF FRESH COOLING WATER AND FOR USING THE LOW
TEMPERATURE OF THE SUCTION PIPE BETWEEN THE REFRIGERATOR AND THE
PUMP. Fig. 3.
With this arrangement a more economical result is obtained than with the old
design because I cool down the water in the condensor by the return pipe N³, by
leading it in a serpentine through the condensor that it may give up part of its low
temperature, which with the old arrangement is lost, to the cooling water.
With all the three variations the object aimed at, namely the using out of the
surplus cold and either the total abolition of cooling water or at least the reduction of
the same to the least possible minimum is obtained.
Dated this 4th day of Auril 1887
KARL T. MAYER,
Agent for Mr. Dauber.

page_text: I, JOSEPH DAUBER of Barmen, Rhenish Prussia Germany, Merchant do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The ice machines hitherto in use require an extraordinary great quantity of cooling
water which increases the costs of icemaking considerably and which may even make
the use of such a machine impossible, for instance in very dry seasons.
On the other side these machines produce lower temperatures than is really
necessary, or else these low temperatures can not be used out fully for the production
of ice. This of course causes a loss because the full amount of work done can not be
absorbed in a useful manner.
My object is to avoid these losses or at least to reduce them to the least possible
minimum.
On the accompanying drawings the figures 1, 2, 3 & 5 show my improvements in
ice machines, whereas figure 4, which shows the old arrangement is shown for the
sake of enabling a better comparison between the new and old system.
With the old system the arrangement and the course of operations is the
following:
"A pump or compressor P forces the ammoniac gases through a regulator R to the
condensor Ċ where they are condensed by passing through a row of pipes whilst
cold water is running in the opposite direction around them in the condensor. The
condensed ammonia passes then in a liquid state to the collecting reservoir S. From
thence it is forced to the distributor V and is brought to the serpentine of the
refrigerator, where it evaporates and thus absorbs the heat of the salt liquid-(a
solution of chloride of calcium)-in the refrigerator and causes the water, contained
in the boxes suspended in the solution, to freeze.
From the serpentines the gases are carried through the pipe N back to the pump to
begin the same circular current.
Soon after an apparatus has been started the pipe N will be covered by ice which
can not be used and the low temperature of the chloride of calcium in the refrigerator
is so low that this solution can be conducted with advantage through other localities,
the cellars of a brewery for instance, to keep them cool, without hardly any increase
of the temperature of the solution.
So for instance it happens that the fluid entering into a cellar at a temperature
of -10° C only loses 2° by a length of cooling pipes of several thousand feet and by
a temperature in the cellar of about +2° to + 1º C.
In order to use out this surplus of low temperature economically I use either of
the four arrangements shown by figs. 1, 2, 3 & 5 either singly or in combination one
with the other, if a new machine is to be built or if an old one is to be improved, as
the case may be.

page_text: always be the base of my method for avoiding losses and to save work and expenses
in making ice as in figure 4.
1). NEW ARRANGEMENT WITH A CONDENSOR. Figure 1.
In order to avoid the condensor, by the use of which a great quantity of water is
wasted, I force the gases through the regulating vessel R₁ by means of the pump P1
and thence direct into the refrigerator E¹ in serpentine pipes at the bottom of the
same and when they are quite fluid they are conducted to the collecting vessel S¹ and
from this to the distributor V1 and. to the evaporating pipes and thence back to the
pump P¹ by means of the pipe N¹.
I have observed that by this arrangement less heat is transmitted to the solution in
the refrigerator than the amount of cold contained in it in surplus of that temperature
required for making ice.-The condensor and the cooling water required for it can
therefore be totally avoided and also the pumping arrangement for the condensor
otherwise necessary. This of course causes a great saving of working expenses.
ARRANGEMENT WITH A CONDENSOR BUT WITHOUT USING COOLING WATER.
Figure 2.
I force the ammoniac gases by means of the pump P2 through the regulating
vessel R² into the serpentine pipes in the condensor C2 where they are condensed and
are then conducted in a fluid state to the collecting reservoir S² whence they are
brought to the distributor V2 and then to the serpentine pipes in the refrigerator E².
Here the fluid ammonia evaporates, absorbing heat from the solution of chloride of
calcium and is drawn back to the pump P2 through the pipe N2.
Now instead of cooling the pipe in the condensor by the continuous introduction of
fresh cooling water, I connect the condensor by means of the pipes K and a rotary
or other pump M placed between the condensor and the refrigerator and I force the
solution in the latter in a continuous circulating stream through the condensor.
A modification of this arrangement is to force the solution of chloride of calcium
in pipes through the condensor and thus cooling constantly its cooling water. In this
case the cooling water used may also be employed for other cooling purposes, for
instance for cooling worts etc. Here, as with the arrangement described before, the
solution of chloride of calcium in the refrigerator receives far less heat from the pipes
containing the ammoniac gases than is absorbed from it by the reevaporation of the
fluid ammonia and consequently there will be always a surplus of low temperature for
the freezing process and a saving will be the result.

page_text: The three detailed and separate schemes (figs. 1, 2 & 3) form the base of the object
I have in view, i.e. to make the ice machine more efficient and more economical in
working and a combination of two or three of the same would not involve a separate
invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1.) In ice machines the combination of the force pipe of the ammoniac gases with
the refrigerator in such a manner that these pipes are placed into the refrigerator at
the bottom of it without going through a condensor, which may be dispensed
with. (fig. 1).
2.) The combination of the force pipe for the ammoniac gases with a condensor,
but in such a manner, that:
a) The cooling of these pipes and the condensation of the gases is effected by
the salt liquid from the refrigerator being forced into and through the condensor
and back to the refrigerator in a continuous circulating stream by connecting
the condensor with the refrigerator by means of pipes K and a pump M,
(fig. 2) or
6) That the cooling of these pipes and the condensation of the gases is effected
by the salt liquid from the refrigerator being forced in serpentine pipes through
the cooling water contained in the condensor, and back to the refrigerator by
the use of the connecting pipes K and a pump M, thus keeping the water
cold. (fig. 2).
3.) The combination of the suction pipe N with the condensor for cooling the water
in it (same as in 26)-by leading that pipe on its way from the refrigerator to
the compressor in a serpentine form through the condensor before it reaches the
compressor. (fig. 3).
4.) The combination of the elements 1, 2 and 3 in an ice machine or either two of
them for the purpose of reducing the cooling water required to a minimum and to
increase the efficiency of the ice machine. (fig. 5).
The whole as shown and for the purpose set forth.
Dated this 4th day of January 1888.