Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application 22nd May, 1895
Complete Specification Left, 21st Feb., 1896-Accepted, 18th Apr., 1896
JAMES PATCHETT, Surveyor, 3 Lime Villas Green Lane Birmingham, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as, follows:--
It consists in agitating in a flask holding about 100 cc's an indefinate quantity of
mortar, about 4 cc's in a saccharate or analogous reagent, and equating the
volumetric measure of lime found in the body of the flask by means of an acid
and indicator, with the measure of liberated sand found in the inverted tube or
neck of flask, so as to be able to tell the ratio of lime or cement to sand in the
mortar. .
Mortars of known proportions of lime to sand or cement to sand to form the
JAMES PATCHETT 3 Lime Villas Green Lane Birmingham, Surveyor, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
It consists in agitating in a flask holding about 100 cc's an indefinite quantity of
mortar, about 4 cc's in a saccharose or analogous reagent, and equating the
volumetric measure of lime found in the body of the flask by means of an acid and
indicator, with the measure of the liberated sand found in the inverted tube or
neck of flask, so as to be able to tell the ratio of lime or cement to sand in the
mortar.
Mortars of known proportions of line to sand or cement to sand to form the

page_text: Seventh. Note the amount of acid used from the burette; assume it to be 6-8 cc's,
and let acid used in standard mortars be indicated by the letter o.
Then a constant represented by the letter c for use in finding the relative ratio
of sand to lime in future mortars is found by adopting the following equation :
3 × 6-8
A
That is to say in this mortar there is 2.75 of sand to 1 of lime.
For cement mortars the whole of the beforementioned apparatus, reagents,
process and equations apply, with the exception that in lieu of the lime reagent I use
the cement reagent.
There is one precaution which must be taken with cement mortars, the sands of
which contain any carbonate of lime, and that is instead of discharging the colour
by pouring the cement reagent into the mortar flask direct, the liquid contents
must be carefully decanted and washed into another flask and the colour discharged
in this.
With cement mortars the point of final disappearance of the colour must be
adopted at which to take the amount of the cement reagent used from the burette.
The time taken for one cement mortar test varies from about a quarter of an hour
to half an hour, according to the nature of and the amount of cement in the
mortar.
As well as testing by measure, the invention may be used for finding the ratio
of lime or cement to sand in mortars by the usual weight methods of analysis; but
in such cases instead of using the mortar in the moist condition, it must first be
dried.
It may also be used for finding the impurity of a lime or cement relative to a
pure or other approved standard, all that is necessary being to treat equal measures
or weights, say i cc or 1 gramme, of the standard and of the material in question,
with the tabloids and appropriate reagent, and then by proportion equate with the
amounts of reagent used, and compare the bulks of any waste found in the neck of
the mortar flask.
Example. Assume 1 cc of an approved lime takes 15 cc's of the lime reagent
to discharge the colour, and gives 0.10 cc of waste in the neck of the mortar flask,
and that on treating 1 cc of the lime in question it only takes 10 cc's of the lime
reagent to discharge the colour, and gives 0.20 cc of waste.

page_text: It may also be used for finding the dirt and clayey impurity in a sand, relative
either to a clean sand, or to an approved sand, all that is necessary being to take
-equal measures say 5 cc's of the approved sand, and the sand in question and after
separately treating each by emptying into the mortar flask and agitating in water
comparing the diminished bulks of the sand found in the neck of the mortar flask.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. That by using my apparatus, reagents, process of manipulation and formulæ,
then when a mortar of known proportions of sand to lime or cement is taken as a
basis for comparison, whether the said mortar is made of materials chemically pure
or of such as are in ordinary use in building operations, other mortars made of
similar materials can be rapidly and economically assessed at their correct relative
proportion of sand to-lime or cement.
2. Although I mainly claim the invention for testing-mortars mixed by measure
relative to given standards also mixed by measure, I do not preclude myself from
using it in connexion with analysis by weight, or from using it for the purpose of
finding the impurities of limes, cements or sands for which it is obvious it is well
-adapted.
Dated this 20th day of February 1896.
JAMES
PATCHETT,
3 Lime Villas, Green Lane, Birmingham, Surveyor.