A CERTAIN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MACHINES
Year: 1835

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ANDREW
SMITH, of Belper, in the County of Derby, Millwright and Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Eighteenth day of March, in the fifth year of His reign,
and in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-five, did,
for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Andrew Smith, His especial license, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said Andrew Smith, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Andrew Smith, my executors, administrators, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times during the terms of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in all His said Majesty's Plantations and
Colonies abroad, my Invention of "A CERTAIN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS
IN PRINTING MACHINES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso
that I, the said Andrew Smith, shall cause a particular description of the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to bo performed,
to be inrolled in Iis said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had,
will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said. proviso, I, the said
Andrew Smith, do hereby declare, that the nature of my said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, is particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following description thereof, reference being had to the
Drawings hereunto-annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon
(that is to say):-
My Invention of a certain improvement or improvements in printing
machines apply to that kind or description of letter-press or type printing]
machinery in which the impression is obtained from the forms of type on
to the sheets of paper by travelling or locomotive printing cylinders, as they
pass or roll over the forms of type in their passage from one end of the
machines to the other, the forms of types being placed on fixed tables, and
consist in certain novel features, additions to or improvements on or in such
printing machines. And in order, that my said several improvements may be
better understood, I have shewn and described in the accompanying Drawings
and following description several views of these kind of printing machines with
my improvements applied to them; although I do not mean or intend to
confine myself to the precise form or arrangements of the parts of my improve-
ments therein shewn and described, as the same may be varied to suit different
sized machines and the nature or quality. of the work intended to be performed.
And I would here remark, that in order to render my improvements better
understood I have shewn and described, several parts connected therewith,
which are not new, and form. no part of my Invention or improvements; for
instance, the frames or framework of the machines, the beds or tables on which
the forms of type are placed, the inking. and distributing tables, the printing
cylinders with the necessary distributing and inking rollers, the ink troughs
and ductor rollers, the carrying or conducting tapes or bands, and other parts
which are necessary to the construction of a perfect machine. I therefore, wish
it to be particularly understood that I do not mean or intend to claim as my
Invention any of the parts which are old or have been before in use, or which
are common property in machines of this description, but I do claim as my
Invention the several novel features, additions to or. improvements, on or in
such machines, as particularly set forth and described in this my Specification,
as follows (that is to say):
My improvements consist, first, in the manner or method of giving to, the
printing cylinders by the hands of the workman attending the machines, the
necessary motions to cause them to travel backwards or forwards in the
machines, so that they can be moved any distance required at pleasure to print
on different sized sheets of paper or take impressions from different sized forms

page_text: of type, (that is to say,) so that the cylinders may be made to move over a
greater or less space at pleasure, without the necessity of any adjustment of
the parts by which they are moved; the cylinders being moved by hand,
independant of all the other parts of the machine, and the extent of their
motion being variable through the whole space over or through which they
travel, which is not the case when the motion of the locomotive cylinders depend
upon the movements of any other parts, as in machines of this kind hitherto
known.
:
Second, in the application to machines of this description of stationary or
fixed delivering tables placed at different parts of the machines, as circum-
stances may require, upon which tables the sheets of paper intended to bo
printed are placed, and from whence they are delivered or given to the feeding
apparatus of the machines by the persons attending the same, but which tables
are also adjustable in their situations as regards the printing cylinders to suit
their movements when printing on different sized sheets of paper or from
different sized forms of type, such delivering tables being moved nearer to or
further from the printing cylinders, or otherwise adjusted as the travelling
motion of the cylinders is limited or extended when printing on smaller or
larger sheets of paper.
Third, in the arrangement and construction of the apparatus or those parts
of the machine used for receiving the sheets of paper from the delivering
tables, and giving them to the printing cylinders and guide tapes. or bands to
be conducted through the machine and printed, and afterwards delivering the
printed sheets from the machine, the guide tapes and printing cylinders forming
no part of this improvement.
Fourth, the application to the locomotive printing cylinders of fingers or
gripers, which take hold of the sheets of paper as they are presented from the
delivering tables, and cause them to be carried with the cylinders as they travel
along the machines and revolve over the forms of type. The fingers or gripers
being mounted in the cylinders and working in groves or recesses in them, and
consequently revolving with the printing cylinders, such gripers or fingers
being intended to be used when the receiving apparatus last mentioned (under
the third improvement) is not applied in the machines to take the sheets of
paper from the delivering tables and give them to the cylinders.
My fifth improvement applies to the constructing of these kind of printing
machines (that is, with locomotive printing cylinders), so as to be capable
of producing an impression or printing on both the sides of the sheet of
paper, or what is called "perfecting" without the necessity of removing
the sheets of paper from out of the machines during that operation; (that

page_text: is to say,) these machines have each two locomotive printing cylinders and
two forms of types, the sheets of paper being delivered to one of the printing
cylinders from one of the delivering tables, and discharged from the other
printing cylinder after taking an impression from both forms of type and
being printed on both of its sides; and this operation of "perfecting the
sheets" takes place both in the forward and backward movements of the
printing cylinders, as they travel to and fro in the machines, they both
being alternately supplied from the delivering tables with the sheets of
paper to be printed, and consists in applying part of the before-mentioned
improvements thereto, and more particularly in the mode, manner, or method of
effecting the turning or reversing of the sheets of paper, after being printed on
one side by one printing cylinder and conducting and presenting the same
sheet of paper to the other printing cylinder to be printed on its other side;
such improved perfecting machines having two stationary delivering tables
before mentioned in the second improvement and two forms of type placed in
the centre or middle part of the machines.
My sixth and last improvement also applies to these kind of machines having
two locomotive printing cylinders and two forms of type, and consists in apply-
ing part of my before-mentioned improvements thereto, and particularly in the
improved manner or method of printing in two different colors from two
different forms of type on one side of the sheet of paper, without the necessity
of removing the sheets of paper from out of the machine during this operation,
which "double printing" on one side of the sheet takes place both in the
backward and forward movements of the printing cylinders as they travel to
and fro in the machine, the cylinders receiving their paper from two delivering
tables. And I would here remark previous to commencing the particular
description of these my several improvements, that all these improved machines
may be worked by hand, as mentioned under my first improvement, or they
may be worked by a steam engine, water wheel, or other power, or from any
first mover, by the application thereto of any suitable mechanical means or
contrivances which will produce the proper motions of the printing cylinders;
for instance, the motion of the printing cylinders may be obtained by cranks
and connecting rods, endless bands, or chains, or racks and pinions, worked
from a winch handle or rigger, or pulley placed on a rotatory shaft mounted in
proper bearings, it being a peculiar feature in these improved machines that
all the working parts depend upon the printing cylinders or the frame work
in which they are placed for their movements, but which mechanical con
trivances or agents are not new as applied to printing machines with locomotive
cylinders, as heretofore known and constructed, and consequently the mere

page_text: application of them to my improved machines formз no part of my present
improvements; but I would here remark.that such cranks and connecting rods
or other mechanical contrivances used to give the proper movements to the
printing cylinders of my improved machines must be capable of adjustment, so
as to give different extents of motion to the printing cylinders when required
to print on different sized sheets of paper or from different sized forms of types,
which variablo extent of motion of the printing cylinders is a novel feature in
my improved machines. And as there are so many various ways of effecting
this object by mechanical means, it is not necessary for me to describe them.
I have, therefore, not shewn in the accompanying Drawings any of such con-
trivances, but which any competent mechanic will be capable of applying.
The several Figures in Sheets 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawings
exhibit several views of one of these kind or description of printing machines
with the first, second, and third of my improvements adapted thereto, in which
machine there is but one printing cylinder and one form of type. Figure 1 is
a side elevation of the machine with the printing cylinder in the position it is in
when passing over the form of type to produce an impression. Figure 2 is a plan
view of the same, one of the delivering tables being removed to expose the ink
trough, ductor roller, and distributing table. Figure 3 is an end elevation, Figure 4
is a longitudinal vertical section, and Figure 5 is a cross or transverse section
of the same. Figure 6 is another side elevation of the machine with the cylin-
der in the position it is in when it has travelled to one end of the machine, and
is ready to receive a sheet of paper from one of the stationary delivering tables,
and when the distributing roller is in the act of receiving its supply of ink.
The same letters of reference being marked upon corresponding parts in these
and also all the following Figures. Those parts of the machine which are old
and do not forin part of my present improvements being marked with capital
letters, and those parts which belong to my present improvements with small
italic and roman letters. 4, 4, is the framework of the machine, upon the
upper part of which the printing cylinder B travels, it being guided in its
motion by a A shaped bed on the top of one of the side frames and a corre
sponding groove formed round one end of the cylinder; upon the ends of the
cylinder toothed wheels or rims C, C, are placed, which take into toothed
racks D, D; on the top part of framework E, E, are the several inking
rollers to give the proper supply of ink to the form of type, and F, F, the
distributing rollers, all of which rollers are placed in the travelling frame G, G,
suspended from the axle of the printing cylinder B, which frame causes these
collars to travel and revolve over the distributing beds and forms of type as
the printing cylinder moves forwards and backwards; this frame G is kept in

page_text: its proper position and guided by small rollers running against the under side
of the rack D, as shewn in Figure 1. His the table upon which the form of
type is placed, and which is adjustable as regards the printing cylinders by
screws in any convenient manner; I, I, are the two distributing inking tables,
which in this instance are circular and mounted on vertical shafts K, K, turn-
ing in proper bearings in the machine, and are made to turn a small part
of a revolution every time the printing cylinder travels from one end of the
machine to the other by a part of the frame G striking against the levers L, L,
mounted on the ends of the horizontal shafts M, M, which shafts turn in
bearings at the ends of the framework, and carry clicks or palls which act upon
ratchat wheels placed on the shafts K, K, whereby those shafts, and conse-
quently the inking tables, are made to turn partly round after an impression
has been given; N, N, are the ink troughs and ductor rollers placed at each
end of the machine, and in this instance are mounted upon the supports of the
delivering tables, and are consequently adjustable with them to suit the extent
of motion of the printing cylinders, but if mounted independent of the tables
they must be adjusted in their situations as required by the cylinders or
distributing rollers; 0, 0, are the guide tapes, which conduct the sheet of
paper to the cylinder and under it to be printed, and deliver it from the
machine afterwards, which tapes or bands pass over the receiving rollers
herein-after mentioned, and round under the printing cylinder, and their ends
are passed over rollers across rods at the ends of the machine, and weighed to
keep them in proper tention. a, a, are the two stationary delivering tables
forming the first of these improvements, which are placed at each end of the
machine, and supported on the arms b, b, extending from the adjustable
pieces e, e, which slide in dovetailed grooves f, f, in the side frames A, A, so
as to allow of the tables being brought nearer to or farther from each other, as
the extent of travelling motion of the printing cylinders is increased or dimi-
nished, and may be fixed in their proper situation by tightening screws; or
the delivering tables may be made adjustable in any other convenient manner.
The sheets of paper to be printed are deposited upon the delivering tables a, a,
and are placed by the person attending the machine with one of their edges
projecting over the edge of the tablo, and upon the conducting tapes or
bands O, 0. g is the winch handle, by which the rotary motion is given to
the printing cylinder, and by which it is caused to travel along the machine,
the toothed rims or wheels taking into the racks on the side frames, or the
cylinder may be moved backwards and forwards without this which handle by
handles projection from the frames G, G, by which the person attending the
machine can push or pull the frame and with it the cylinder forwards and

page_text: backwards, the racks and wheels giving it the required rotatory motion; h, 2,
are the receiving rollers, or those parts which first takes the sheets of paper
and give them to the cylinder, and forming my second improvement. These
receiving rollers are mounted on the upper ends of the rods and l, which
rods slide in guides placed on the side of the frames G, G, and are acted upon
by inclined planes mounted on the sliding pieces e, e, which inclined planes
alternately act upon the antifriction rollers on the ends of the rods and 7 as
the cylinder arrives at the ends of the machine, the lower ends of the rods k
and coming into contact with the inclined planes m and n as they travel
along from one end to the other. The action of this machine is as follows:
The person attending the machine. turns the winch handle round in the
direction of the red arrow until the printing cylinder has arrived very near
one of the delivering tables as shewn in Figure 6; the receiving roller h will
then be in the position shewn in that Figure, that is, with the tapes or
bands O, O, raised up by it, the lower end of the rod k being in contact with
the inclined plane m; the edge of the sheet of paper at this time is projecting
over the edge of the table a, and over the centre roller P. On the cylinder
continuing to move a short distance further in this direction the antifriction
roller on the end of the rod will have passed over the end o of the inclined
plane m, when it consequently falls down, bringing the receiving roller h withi
it, which falls upon the edge of the sheet of paper and holds in contact with
the roller Pand its endless band; the winch handle is then turned the reverse
way (in the direction of the black arrow); by which the cylinder is made to
revolve back again, carrying with it the sheet of paper, and passing over the
form of type on the table H, where it receives an impression which is produced
by the weight of the frame G, G, and the cylinder as it rolls over the form of
type. The friction roller on the end of the rod / having passed under the
inclined plane m, which gives way to it, by turning on the pin by which it is
suspended; and as the cylinder continues to revolve towards the delivering
table at the left-hand end of the machine the sheet of paper is carried or
conducted out from the cylinder between the roller i and P, whence it is
taken away by hand; at the same time the lower end of the rod / meets with
the inclined plane n, by which it is raised upward, and with it the roller i,
ready to receive another sheet of paper between that roller and the centre
roller P. At this time the other distributing roller F comes in contact with
the other ductor roller N, and receives the proper supply of ink to give to the
distributing bed or table I. On the antifriction roller at the end of the rod'i
falling from the inclined plane n, the roller i takes fast hold of the next sheet
of paper from the other or left-hand delivering table, when the winch handle.g

page_text: is again turned in the direction of the red arrow, and the sheet of paper
carried through the machine, and after being printed is delivered as before out
at the right-hand end of the machine, and so on, the cylinder producing an
impression at each forward and backward motion of the machine. If any
extraordinary pressure of the cylinder should be required the antifriction
rollers on the frames G, G, might be tightened upon the underside of the
racks D, D, by which they would be made to hold down the cylinder upon
tho type, and thereby produce more pressure than is caused by its weight.
Figures 7 and 8 are two sectional diagrams of a variation of this kind of
machine for printing from one cylinder as it revolves both ways in the
machine. B is the printing cylinder mounted as before described. H, H, the
table holding the forms of type; 0, 0, the conducting tapes and bands; P, P,
the guide rollers with their endless tapes or bands passing round the cylinder.
h, i, are the receiving and delivering rollers over wnich the guide tapes O, O,
are passed, as also round the cylinder. The rollers h, i, are mounted upon
the ends of the bent or bell crank lovers k, l, working on pins or studs in
the movable frame G, G, as their fulcrums; the lower ends of these levers
are acted upon by inclined planes m, n, mounted in pins on the said frames
of the machine A, A. a, a, are the two delivering tables, which in this
instance are placed in the middle of the machine and are adjustable to
suit the action of the cylinder, as before. After the cylinder has arrived
at one end of the machine and has delivered its printed sheet of paper,
and has also progressed a short distance backwards, it is ready to receive
a fresh sheet to be printed, and will take hold of the edge of the sheet in
the following manner:-The edge of the sheet of paper projects over the
edge of the delivering table, and will be taken hold of by the rollers hand
P, or i and P, according to which way the cylinder is travelling (say h & P),
whence it will be conducted under the cylinder by the guide tapes or bands,
and printed. And in order to let the sheet of paper out of the machine
without interfering with the next sheet as it is coming into the machine, the
inclined planes m and n at this time will come into contact with the antifriction
rollers at the lower end of the bell crank lovers, and thus the levers k or land
rollers h or i will be turned down into the position shewn in Figure 8 (according
to which end of the machine the cylinder is at, and the sheet of paper will be
free to be taken out from the top of the guide tape O or from under the tables
a, a. The weights at the ends of the tapes o, o, keeping them in proper tension
when the rollers h or i move downwards. The rollers h or i being brought up
again into the position shewn in Figure 7 by the lower ends being weighted
sufficient to bring them up again into that position after the rollers h or i have

page_text: been depressed by the inclined planes acting upon the friction rollers on their
lower ends. These movements taking place at each forward and backward
movement of the machine.
Having now described the action of these machines, I will proceed to show
how the first-described machine may be made to work or produce impressions
in only one way in which the cylinder revolves, or only in one direction in which
it travels; this may be advantageous when only a few impressions are wanted
to be taken off and time is not an object. When this is the case only one
person need attend to feed the machine, and may work it as well if desirable
(this may also be done when it is working both ways). 1, 1, is a rod supported
from the cross shafts M, and carrying a screw 2, which is to be turned up into
a female screw in the socket 3 placed on the cross bar 4, which is linked to the
other cross bars or shafts 5, 5, turning in bearings at their ends and carrying the
four supporting arms or cams 6, 6, upon which the table H rests. When the
machine is required to print only at the time the cylinder is moving in one
direction, one of the sets of the inking and distributing rollers must be taken
out of the machine, that is, the nearest set to the delivering table intended to
be used, and as the sheets of paper pass through the machine to be printed
the supporting arms or cams 6, 6, will bring up the table into the
position shewn in Figure 4, and the impression will be given; but on the
end of the frame G coming against the opposite arm L, its movement in
turning the circular distributing bed I will also cause the rods 1, 4, and 5, to
move also, which will turn down the arms or cams 6, 6, and let the type
table fall, so that the printing cylinder may return back to the other end of the
machine without pressing upon the form of type. A diagram of another of these
machines constructed to print only one way is shewn in Figure 9, and may be
useful as a simple single action machine, and be made at a comparatively low
cost. Bis the printing cylinder, with frame G for the inking and distributing
rollers E, E, and F. His the table with the form of type; 0, 0, the con-
ducting tapes; a, the delivering table; i, the receiving roller, mounted on the
sliding rod 1, which is worked by an inclined plane placed on the side frame
of the machine, as already described. In this instance the sheets of paper
are presented from the delivering table hanging over the cylinder, and as soon
as the cylinder is ready to print the sheet of paper the receiving roller i falls
on to the edge of the paper and holds it against the periphery of the cylinder.
The sheet of paper after being printed is discharged or left on tho upper
surface of the lower portion of the conducting bands or tapes immediately
after the type, whence they can be removed by hand. Figure 10 is a diagram
showing another variation of this kind of machine, in which the
paper is given

page_text: to the cylinder without the application of the raising and falling receiving
roller i, in the last-described machine. .B is the locomotive printing cylinder;
E, E, and F, the inking and distributing rollers; 0, 0, the conducting tapes
or bands; H; the type table; P, the roller, with its endless band encircling
the printing cylinder; a is the delivering table from which the sheets of paper
are presented to the cylinder, and are taken in by the rollers Pand Q,-which
latter supports the tapes or bands O, and as the cylinder revolves the impres-
sion is taken from the types, and the sheet is left by the cylinder on the tapes
0, 0, (as in the last printing machine,) from whence it can be removed before
the cylinder returns. In the two last-described machines, at Figures 9 and 10,
the tables do not require to be adjustable, but may be fixed in the proper
position as regards the cylinder.
Having now described the application and construction of my first, second;
and third improvements, I shall proceed to describe my fourth improvement,
viz, the application of fingers or gripers to locomotive printing cylinders,
one variation of which is shewn in the two partial Figures 11 and 12, in
which Figures one of the side frames is removed to expose the parts. A is
the frame-work; B, the printing cylinder; C, C, the toothed wheels; D, D,
the racks; E, E, and F, the inking and distributing rollers; G, their. frame;
H, the type table; N, N; the ductor rollers and-inking troughs; 0, 0, the
conducting tapes or bands, passing over the two rollers R, R, and round. the
cylinder as before. The sheets of paper to be printed are placed, as before;
upon the tables a, a, and are presented to the cylinder with their edges pro-
jecting over the edge of the table, as shown in Figure 11. q, g, are the fingers
or gripers, which take hold of the edge of the paper projecting over. the table
when the cylinder has arrived at the ends of machine, as shewn in Figure 12,
and is ready to receive the sheet of paper. These fingers are placed upon a
shaft, r, mounted and turning in bearings placed in a grove or recess formed
in the periphery of the cylinder, (see the detached view of the cylinder at
Figure 13.) The end of the shaft projects through one of the wheels C
and carries the small toothed segments on its end, which takes into another
toothed segment t, mounted upon the axle of the printing cylinder, so as to be
capable of turning loosely upon it at times, but at other times is connected to
it so as to revolve with it by a spring catch. u, v, is a weighted lever, turning
upon a pin or stud as its fulcrum, which stud is placed in the side fraine G,
which side frame is removed in these Figures. The upper end of this
weighted lever acts upon the tail piece w of the segment t in the following
manner: When the cylinder has arrived into the position shewn in Figure 12;
that is, ready for receiving a sheet of paper, the lower end of the weighted

page_text: lever will have come into contact with one of the fixed studs or stops x, x,
placed in the side frames at each end of the machine, and will force the lever
out of the perpendicular line, as shewn in Figure 12, which will cause it to
act upon the tail w, and turn the segment t partly round in the direction of the
arrow. This movement of the segment t will also turn the segment s, and with
it the shaft r, and consequently turn the fingers or gripers q, q, over into the
position shewn in Figure 13, and in the enlarged detached end view of the
cylinder, Figure 14, and cause them to take hold of the edge of the sheet of
paper which is between them, and the edge of the grove or periphery of the
cylinder, and by these means the paper will be carried round with the cylinder
(in the direction of its arrow) to the form of types to be printed; the end of
the spring catch u, which is fixed on the wheel C taking into one of the notches
formed on the smaller radii of the segment t, and consequently retaining it in
connection with the cylinder and wheel until the cylinder arrives near the middle
of the machine, when from the segments revolving with the cylinder, and the
weighted lever hanging independent of them on the frame G, the end of the tail
piece w will have come into contact again with the end of the lever, but on its
other side the weighted lever will thus cause the fingers or gripers to be turned
up into the position shewn in Figure 15, and release the edge of the paper
from the hold of the fingers or gripers, and as the cylinder continues to revolve the
tail w will pass away from the end of the lever v, which will regain its perpen-
dicular position, as shewn in Figure 11, and also the fingers which now project
up from the cylinder will be wiped or pressed down again into the grove by
their passing under one of the rollers R, as shewn in Figure 16, and into the
position shewn in Figure 14; the continuous motion of the cylinder towards
the right hand end of the machine brings the weighted lever against the other
fixed stud (as shewn at Fig. 17). At this time the edge of the paper on
the delivering table a* will lay over on to the cylinder, and on the cylinder
completing its motion to this end of the machine the upper end of the lever v
will act upon the tail piece w, and turn the segments t and s over the reverse
way to that at the other left-hand end of the machine, and consequently
throw the fingers over on to the edge of the sheet of paper, and thereby hold
it fast. The returning movement of the cylinder carries the sheet of paper
through the machine to be printed, when the same motions will take place as
already described, the fingers or gripers at every forward and backward motion
of the cylinder taking a sheet of paper and giving it to the cylinder to be printed,
the printed sheets being delivered out at the opposite roller R to that by which
they entered the machine. A variation of the construction of these fingers or
gripers as applied to locomotive cylinders is shewn in Figures 18, 19, 20, and

page_text: 21. Figure 18 is a plan view of the printing cylinder with the inking and distri-
buting rollers and their frame, drawn on a larger scale. Figure 19 is an end
elevation of the same, one of the side frames being removed, and shewing the
fingers or gripers down in contact with the cylinder, as they would be when
holding a sheet of paper. Figure 20 is a similar view, shewing the fingers or
gripers up and ready to take hold of a sheet of paper. Figure 21 is a partial
vertical section of the same. In this arrangement and construction of the
fingers or gripers they are worked by the action of the cylinder. B is the
printing cylinder; E, E, and Fthe inking and distributing rollers; G, G, their
frame; R, R, the rollers, over which the tapes or bands O, O, pass, and under
the cylinder g is the winch handle for giving motion to the cylinder; a, a, are
the fingers or gripers, which, in this instance, are mounted upon the ends of the
rods or arms b, b, placed upon the rod c, c, passing through the printing
cylinder and working in oblong slots in its ends, and also in the toothed
wheels C, C; the ends of this rod project through the wheels and carry small
antifriction rollers d, d, which work on a pair of peculiarly formed guides or
pieces e, e, which give a radial expanding motion to the rod c and fingers a;
these guide pieces are mounted suspended from pins or studs in the side
frame G, G, and hang down so as to touch the axis of the printing cylinder, as
shewn in Figure 20 and the detached perspective view, Fig. 22, one of them
being shewn in side and end view at Figure 23; as the cylinder B and the
toothed wheel C revolve, the oblong slots cause the rod c and the antifriction
roller d to revolve with them, and as the antifriction roller runs in contact
with the sides of the peculiarly formed guide pieces c, c, they alternately work
against the outside and inside of these guides in the backward and forward
motion of the printing cylinder. f. f, are helical springs fastened to the inside
of the cylinder, and to the rod c, and have a tendancy to draw the fingers or
gripers inwards, but give way to the action of the antifriction rollers d and the
guide pieces e, c; the springs cause the fingers to take fast hold of the edge of
the paper when the roller is released from the action of the guides. In
Figure 20 the cylinder is supposed to be revolving in the direction of the
arrow, that is, advancing towards the table, and just ready to receive a sheet of
paper which will be presented by the delivering table under the fingers a. At
this time the friction roller will have arrived at the extent of its expanding
motion, that is, after travelling on the outside of the guide e, and has arrived
on the top or end of it, and as the cylinder still revolves a short distance in
this direction to the extent of its motion, the roller immediately passes over
from the top of the guide piece and falls down between the two guides ex
and e, and the fingers take fast hold of the sheet of paper. The cylinder is

page_text: now made to revolve in the reverse direction, that is, as in Figure 19. The anti-
friction roller then forces the guide outward from the axis of the printing
cylinder, it giving way to it, and as the cylinder continues to revolve in the
direction of the arrow, Figure 19, the antifriction rollers come into contact
with the guide piece e, and as its end lies close to the axis of the cylinder
the roller is caused to travel on the outside of the guide picce e*, and the
fingers are consequently again expanded radially as the friction roller arrives
at the end of the guide piece e**, and when the cylinder has travelled to the
end of the machine and is ready to take another sheet of paper, the friction
roller then falls down between the two guide pieces, and the cylinder imme-
diately begins to revolve the reverse way to produce another impression on the
fresh sheet of paper, and so on at each forward and backward motion of the
cylinder, the antifriction roller falling in between and travelling on the outside
of one of the guide pieces at each motion of the cylinder through the machine.
Figure 24 is a cross section of the cylinder, showing one of the fingers down
holding a sheet, and Figure 25 is a view of one of the fingers detached.
My fifth improvement, viz*,-the construction of these kind of printing
machines capable of perfecting the sheet and more particularly in the mode or
method of turning or reversing the sheet of paper after being printed on one side
by one cylinder and giving it to the other cylinder to be printed on the other
side, is shewn in Figures 26, 27, 28, 29, and 30. Figure 26 is a side elevation;
Figure 27, a longitudinal section; Figure 28 is a plan view, one of the delivering
tables being removed to expose the parts; Figure 29 is an end elevation, and
Figure 30 a transverse section of the same. The same letters being marked
upon corresponding parts as in the former Figures, it therefore is not necessary
for me particularly to describe those parts which do not form particular features
of this present improvement. A, A, is the frame-work; B, B, the two printing
cylinders; C, C, the toothed wheels; D the rack; E, E, and F, the inking
and distributing rollers; G, their frame; H, the type tables; I, the circular
distributing tables; K, their shafts; N, the ductor rollers; O, the bands or
tapes passing over the rollers R, R, and under the printing cylinders B, as
before, and over the small lower roller S; P, P, are the middle rollers, mounted
on weighted levers, with their endless bands, which also pass round the cylinders.
h is a weighted lever suspended from a pin i as its fulcrum placed in the frame
G. Upon the lower end of this lever h the small reversing or transferring roller
kis mounted, which roller effects the changing of the sheet from one printing
cylinder to the other in the following manner:-On the lower end of the lever
h is mounted the tappet piece j, to which it is connected by a knuckle joint;

page_text: this piece j comes in contact with a projecting. stud or pin m placed in the
centré part of the side frame. a, a, are the delivering tables, which are
supported in any convenient manner, and in this instance are placed in the
centre part of the machine, and upon which the sheets of paper are placed, and
are made adjustable to the extent of motion of the. cylinders by raising or
depressing them, that is, by increasing or diminishing the angle at which they
stand to each other and the machine; the hinge joint at their top part allowing
them to be adjusted freely. The ends of the, sheets of paper project over the
tables and are presented to the cylinders and enter between the ono pair of
rollers R and P, and leave them by the opposite pair of rollers R, P,
according to the way in which the cylinders are travelling. Supposing the
cylinders to be in the position shewn in Figure 27, that is, ready to receive
a sheet of paper, it will be delivered from the table a in between the pair of
rollers R and P, which will then be advancing towards that table. The
cylinder B revolving in the direction of the arrow, the sheet of paper will be
carried, round with and under it, and receive its first impression from the form
of type H, and will leave the cylinder B guided by the tapes and endless
bands between the rollers S and I, see the detached diagram, Figure: 31'; and
as the cylinders continue to revolve towards the right-hand end of the machine
the paper will be given out and pass up between the two printing cylinders,
and as soon as its latter end has left the roller.S, the knuckle piece comes in
contact with the stationary stud or pin- m, and the cylinders continuing in their
motion, the stud m will change the position of the lever h to the other side or
into the position shown in Diagram, Figure 32, the roller k carrying the latter
end of the sheet of paper into contact with the endless bands of the cylinder
B, as shewn in Figure 32, and this cylinder, with its endless bands revolving
in the direction of its arrow, will carry the sheet of paper round it and onward
to the second form of types H**, where it will receive another impression, and
be printed on the other side; and when this is effected the continuous
motion of the cylinders causes the pair of rollers: R*, P**, to take another
sheet of paper from the table a**, when the. reverse movements of the cylinders
will produce the same effects as the next sheet of paper passes under the
.cylinders and through the machine, which will be repeated at each forward-and
backward movement of the cylinders. The printing cylinders B, B; niust
not interfere with each other's form of type, the forms being placed in a hori-
-zontal line with each other; therefore, the cylinders run or travel upon two
distinct beds and on two different parts of the top of the side frames A. The
Diagram, Figure 38, will serve to explain this. The cylinder B, when passing

page_text: over the form of type H, runs upon the highest part of the bed or top part
r. of the side frame, and when printing, has descended the inclined plane s,
and runs upon the lower part t (shewn by dots), and the cylinder B** runs
upon the part u, when passing over the form of type H and descends the
inclined plane v, and runs upon the lower part W (shewn by dots) when printing
from its form of type H**.
My sixth improvement, namely, the improved method of printing in two
different colours from two different forms of type on one side of the sheet of
paper from a double. locomotive cylinder machine, without removing the sheet
of paper from out of the machine during that operation, is shewn in Figures
34 and 35 of the. accompanying Drawings; Figure 34 is a vertical sectional
diagram, and Figure 35 is a plan of the same. B*, B**, are the two printing
cylinders; H, H, the forms of type, supplied with two different colors from
the two ductor rollers and color troughs at the ends of the machine; 0, 0,
the conducting bands or tapes passes over the rollers R, R, and round the
cylinders; P, P, aro the inner rollers, mounted on the ends of levers, weighted
to keep their endless bands in proper tension; these endless bands are passed
over and under the rollers,,, for the purpose of gaining sufficient length
of tapes for the paper to travel over when passing from one form of types to
the other. The sheets of paper are delivered from the tables placed in the
middle of the machine, as before described, and are taken into the machine
between the rollers R, P, R, P, according to which way the cylinders are
travelling through the machine. The sheet of paper passing under the
cylinder B receives its impression from the form of type at H, and then
travels upwards and downwards, over and under the rollers z, 2, 2, on to and
under the cylinder B, and passing under that cylinder receives its impression
from the form of type H**; and this is effected during one motion of the
cylinders along the machine, the paper being delivered out of it by the opposite
pair of rollers R, P, to which it entered; and after it is taken away a fresh sheet
is fed into the same pair of rollers R, P, by which the last printed sheet left the
machine, which fresh sheet then passes through the machine as the cylinders
revolve back again, receiving its impression from both of the forms of type,
and so on, cach motion of the machine giving the two impressions on one side
of the paper, and completing the printing, as shewn in the representation of
an impression supposed to be taken from the two forms of type H* and **
at Figure 36; it of course being understood that the two sets of inking
rollers which supply the forms of type with different colors do not interfere
with each other's forms of types, they being made to run upon different parts of

page_text: the top of the side frame work, one part being higher than the other, so as to
cause them to clear the type to which they do not belong, as also is the case
with the cylinders, in the manner last described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Andrew Smith, havo hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of September, in the year of our
1
thousand night hundred and thirty-five