IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO- ELECTRIC MACHINES
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Werdermann, of Princes Street in the County
of Surrey, Civil Engineer, for an invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO-
ELECTRIC MACHINES
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Werdermann at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th May 1882.
RICHARD WERDERMANN of Princes Street in the County of Surrey, Civil
Engineer "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES »
My said invention relates to improvements in machines or apparatus for producing
or generating electric currents and has for its object the production of currents of
great magnitude.
The
The said machine or apparatus is constructed as follows, that is to say. Between
a series of poles or polar extensions, say six, eight, or more I arrange a revolving
armature consisting of a bobbin or bobbins mounted on a revolving shaft.
bobbins consist of a core of magnetic material. I prefer an alloy consisting of;
Iron 92 parts, and, Nickel, 8 parts, or of Iron 92.00 parts, Nickel 7.10 parts and
Cobalt 0.90 parts by weight
The said core is made of a piece, or a number of pieces, or is formed of wire
and it has the general shape of a ring, cylinder, or disc.
This core is provided
with helices of insulated wire of copper or other good conducting material wound
in a direction parallel to its axis so as to form a series of small bobbins; the
terminal end of the wire of each bobbin being soldered or otherwise connected to
the end of the next succeeding bobbin. To each of the junctions of two consecutive
bobbins is connected a metallic conductor and these conductors are all insulated
from each other and arranged in such a manner as to give to the revolving
armature the form of a cylinder or a disc and the said conductors are either fixed
on the shaft or on the drum or boss of the armature and properly insulated. The
said conductors revolve with the armature and come in regular succession into
contact with fixed metal springs, rollers, or brushes by which the electric currents
generated in the bobbins are collected and conducted outside of the machine. All
of the said collectors are fixed on a ring or disc of insulating material which is so

page_text: formed and arranged that it can be adjusted as required to ensure the collection of
the currents at the most convenient points.
The magnetic poles which surround the revolving armature are of alternating
polarity so that supposing, for instance their number to be sixteen, namely eight
north poles and eight south poles, there will be eight magnetic fields and sixteen
reversals of the current in each section or bobbin during the revolution of the
armature. The polar extensions in some cases have such a form in transverse
section as to nearly enclose the inner series of bobbins.
The collecting brushes, springs, or rollers are connected with sixteen terminals
placed on a plate or board at any convenient point near the machine and these
sixteen terminals are connected between themselves and to two other larger
terminals in such a manner that the sixteen different currents which are generated
in the bobbins may be joined either in series, or side by side, or partly in series and
partly in parallel circuits; or the said sixteen currents may be utilized independently
of each other.
The bobbins instead of being wound all in the same direction may be wound
alternately in reverse direction and the currents collected on both sides of the drum
or boss. Such an armature will therefore comprise two closed circuits.
The electro-magnets are magnetized either by the main current directly or by a
shunt or by one or more of the minor currents, or each of the magnets is magnetized
by its corresponding minor current.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Richard Werdermann in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th November 1882.
•
RICHARD WERDERMANN of Princes Street, in the County of Surrey, Civil
3 Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES.' "
My said invention relates to improvements in machines or apparatus for producing
or generating electric currents, and has for its object the production of currents of
great magnitude.
My invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which.
Figure 1 is an end elevation, partly in section, and
Figure 2, is a side elevation, partly in section, of a dynamo electric machino.
Like letters indicate the same parts throughout the drawings,
The said machine has a strong bed or foundation A and framework B formed of
cast iron, or other suitable material, and suitably constructed to support safely and
compactly the parts of the mechanism.
Between a series of poles or polar extensions a., I arrange an armature b mounted
on a revolving shaft c. This armature is constructed with a core b' of magnetic
material preferably an alloy consisting of iron 92 parts and nickel 8 parts; or of
iron 92 parts, nickel 7.10 parts, and cobalt 0.90 parts; the said core is made of one
piece or a number of pieces, or of wire, and it has the general shape of a ring or
cylinder. The body or central portion of the said armature is constructed with a
boss or hub 63 on which I fix a series of discs or pieces 6s and segments 6* of wood
placed between the metal cheeks 6 and secured by bolts 68. The armature is
provided with helices of insulated wire of copper or other good conducting material
wound in a direction parallel to its axis so as to form a series of small bobbins 6º,
the terminal end of the wire of each bobbin being soldered or otherwise connected
to the end of the next succeeding bobbin as shewn in Figure 1. To each of the
junctions of two consecutive bobbins is connected a metallic conductor e; theso
conductors are preferably arranged as shewn in such a manner as to form a disc and
the said conductors are either fixed on the shaft c or on the boss b² of the armature,
and are properly insulated therefrom and from each other. The said conductors,
which revolve with the armature, are arranged in combination with, and so as to
come in regular succession into contact with collectors consisting of metal springs,
rollers, or brushes f by which the electric currents generated in the bobbins are
collected and conducted to the external circuit or circuits. All of the said collectors
(which must be insulated from each other) are fixed on a ring or disc g which is so
formed and arranged that it can be turned as required to adjust the collectors finto
the proper position according to the speed of the machine to ensure the collection
of the currents in the most effectual manner. For this purpose I mount the ring g
on a bearing so that it can turn thereon, and I connect to the ring
provided with an endless screw; this rod extends to a convenient position at the
a rod g¹
side of the machine. By means of this rod the said ring can be turned on its
bearing and the brushes will thus all be simultaneously adjusted to the required
position. The disc form of this series of collectors affords a greater surface than
that of a cylinder for taking off the currents and is moreover very convenient in
construction.
The magnet poles a which surround the revolving armature are of alternate
polarity so that supposing, for instance, their number to be eight that is to say four
north poles and four south poles, as shown in Figure 1, there will be eight magnetic
fields and eight reversals of the current in each section or bobbin during one
revolution of the armature. The poles a are fixed upon a circular core composed of
rings or hoops a* on which the wire is coiled.

page_text: The collecting brushes, springs or rollers are connected with eight terminals placed
at any convenient point on or near the machine, In connection with these terminals
I use a keyboard which enables me to join up the circuits either for quantity or
tension as required.
The wire coils or bobbins of the armature instead of being wound in the same
direction may be wound alternately in reverse directions. In this case I provide
for collecting the currents on the opposite ends of the drum or boss; a second disc
and other collectors similar to those above described being provided for this purpose.
This armature may therefore be said to consist of two closed circuits.
The electro-magnets may he magnetized either directly by the main current or
by a shunt or by one or more of the partial currents, or the said magnets may be
excited by an independent source of electrity.
Although I have described the said machine with only one series of coils, it is
obvious that two or more series, forming as many closed circuits, may be employed,
if desired.
Having thus fully described my said invention and shown how the same may be
conveniently and advantageously carried into practice I wish it understood that
I claim, a dynamo electric machine embodying the following novel features, viz :-
First, An armature consisting of a magnetic core carrying a series or two or
more series of coils arranged to rotate in the field of a series of electro-magnets
whose poles or polar extensions are fixed on a circular core which has wire coils
between the poles, the latter being alternately north and south relatively to the
said armature, all substantially as set forth.
Second, The series of conductors arranged, for the purpose specified, in the form
of a disc at one end or both ends of the said machine and connected with the coils
of the armature, substantially as set forth
Third, The combination of the series of conductors arranged in the form of a disc,
as shewn, with the series of brushes or collectors mounted on a disc or ring and
provided with means for adjustment, substantially as, and for the purpose, specified.
In witness whereof I the said Richard Werdermann have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Eighteenth day of November in the year of our Lord
one thousand eight hundred and eighty two.