Improvements in and Apparatus for the Manufacture of Bleaching Powder.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Jan., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 13th Oct., 1893-Accepted, 18th Nov., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and Apparatus for the Manufacture of Bleaching
Powder.
We, EDMUND KNOWLES MUSPRATT of Seaforth Hall near Liverpool in the
County of Lancaster Manufacturing Chemist, ARTHUR CAREY of Browside
Gatcacre in the County of Lancaster Analytical Chemist and VERO CHARLES
DRIFFIELD of Millbrow Widnes in the County of Lancaster Engineer do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows
In the manufacture of bleaching powder by means of chlorine gas which is
largely diluted with inert gases, such as is obtained for example in what are known
as Deacons, Reychler & De Wilde Pechiney-Welden and other similar processes,
this dilute chlorine gas is absorbed by lime in chambers of special construction so
as to permit of what is termed systematic treatment. Such chambers are usually
subdivided into distinct compartments the gas travelling through all or several of
these in succession.
The absorption of chlorine gas by lime generates considerable heat and if the
temperature in the chambers rises too high the bleaching powder is spoiled and
becomes unsaleable.
The heat generated in one compartment of such chambers in which there is a
continuous flow of gas raises the temperature of the gas, which entering the next
compartment causes the temperature in the successive compartments to rise rapidly
so that either the bleaching powder is spoiled, or as this must be avoided, the
amount of chlorine gas which can be passed through the chambers must be seriously
reduced in quantity, particularly in hot weather.
The object of the present invention is to avoid risk of spoiling the bleaching
powder and reduction in the amount of gas, and thus increase the output of the
chambers.
According to this invention the dilute chlorine gas, (the temperature of which
has risen owing to the heat generated by the absorption within the compartment)
is taken out of this compartment and before allowing it to enter the next com-
partment it is passed through a cooling apparatus so arranged that any water
condensed by reason of the cooling of the said gas is not carried into the next
compartment with the said gas. This can be effected by causing the said gas to
descend on entering the cooling apparatus, and in leaving the cooling apparatus to
ascend before entering the next compartment and by providing an outlet for the
condensed water at the lower part of the cooling apparatus.
The cooling apparatus itself may consist simply of a pipe or pipes of sufficient
length so that the heat of the said gas may be dispersed through the walls of the
said pipe or pipes. The pipe or pipes may be surrounded by cold water or other
cooling medium or the said gas may be passed through a chamber traversed by
pipes through which cold water or other cooling medium passes or circulates.
The cooling apparatus may be placed permanently between every two com-
partments, or the said gas may traverse several compartments and then pass
through a cooler, this depending in a great measure upon the size and construction
of the several compartments.
Or the cooling apparatus may be so arranged that it can be moved and inserted
between any of the compartments as desired.
Dated this 19th day of January 1893.
J. H. JOHNSON & CO.,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, Agents.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and Apparatus for the Manufacture of Bleaching
Powder.
We, EDMUND KNOWLES MUSPRATT of Seaforth Hall near Liverpool in the
County of Lancaster Manufacturing Chemist ARTHUR CAREY of Browside
Gateacre in the County of Lancaster Analytical Chemist and VERO CHARLES
DRIFFIELD of Millbrow Widnes in the County of Lancaster Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:—
In the manufacture- of bleaching powder by means of chlorine gas which is
largely diluted with inert gases such as is obtained for example in processes known
as the Deacon, Reychler an De Wilde, Pechiney-Welden, and other similar
processes this dilute chlorine gas is absorbed by lime in chambers of special
construction so as to permit of what is termed systematic treatment. Such
chambers are usually subdivided into distinct compartments the gas travelling
through all, or several, of these in succession.
The absorption of chlorine gas by lime generates. considerable heat and if the
temperature in the chambers rises too high the bleaching powder is spoiled and
becomes unsaleable.
·
The heat generated in one compartment of such chambers in which there is a
continuous flow of gas raises the temperature of the gas, which entering directly
the next compartment causes the temperature in the successive compartments to
rise rapidly so that either the bleaching powder is spoiled, or in avoiding this the
quantity of chlorine gas which can be passed through the chambers must be
seriously reduced particularly in hot weather. The object of the present invention
is to avoid risk of spoiling the bleaching powder and this without reduction in the
amount of gas and thus to increase the output of the chambers.
According to this invention the dilute chlorine gas, the temperature of which
has risen, owing to the heat generated by the absorption within a compartment, is
taken out of this compartment and before allowing it to enter the next compartment
it is passed through a cooling apparatus so arranged that any water condensed by
reason of the cooling of the said gas is not carried into the next compartment with
the said gas. This can be effected by causing the said gas to descend on entering
the cooling apparatus and in leaving the cooling apparatus to ascend before
entering the next compartment and by providing an outlet for the condensed water
at the lower part of the cooling apparatus.
The cooling apparatus itself may consist simply of a pipe or pipes of sufficient
length so that the heat of the said gas may be dispersed through the walls of the
said pipe or pipes. The pipe or pipes may be surrounded by cold water or other
cooling medium or the said gas may be passed through a chamber traversed
by pipes through which cold water or other cooling medium passes or circulates.
The accompanying diagram will serve to explain clearly one way in which the
ooling may be effected according to this invention. AA indicate two absorption
compartments and B and B₁ the pipes through which the gas passes from one
compartment to the other. These pipes are connected with a vessel C containing
a coil of pipe D through which cold water or other cooling medium passes entering
at c and leaving at c for example. b is a drain pipe and c³ a well for condensed
water from the gas.
The cooling apparatus may be placed permanently between every two com-
partments, or the said gas may traverse several compartments and then pass
through a cooler, this depending in a great measure upon the size and construction
of the several compartments. Or the cooling apparatus may be so detachably

page_text: arranged that it can be moved and inserted between any of compartments as
desired.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we do not claim broadly
cooling chlorine gas before it enters the bleaching powder chamber but we declare
that what we claim is :-
1. In the manufacture of bleaching powder in an absorption chamber consisting
of a series of compartments, the removal, from the gas issuing from one com-
partment, of the heat generated in that compartment, before the gas enters'
the next compartment substantially as bereinbefore described and for the purposes
aforesaid.
2. In apparatus for the manufacture of bleaching powder the combination with
successive absorption compartments, of a cooling apparatus consisting of a pipe or
pipes through which the gas passes from one compartment to another the said pipe
or pipes being surrounded by a cooling medium or consisting of a chamber through
which the gas passes as aforesaid the said chamber being traversed by a pipe or
pipes containing a cooling medium substantially as hereinbefore described and
for the purposes aforesaid and whether the cooling apparatus be fixed or moveable
as herein before described.
3. In apparatus for the manufacture of bleaching powder as hereinbefore claimed
the combination with the cooling apparatus in which the gas after leaving one
absorption compartment descends in the cooling apparatus, and on leaving it,
ascends before entering the next absorption compartment, of means for effecting
the removal of condensed water by an outlet at the lower part of the cooling
apparatus substantially as hereinbefore described.
Dated this 13th day of October 1893.
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.