AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OF VENTILATING DWELLINGS AND OTHER STRUCTURES
Year: 1884

page_text: I MARTIN TOBIN of Bay Lodge Uxbridge in the County of Middlesex
Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of my invention for AN IMPROVED
SYSTEM OF VENTILATING DWELLINGS AND OTHER STRUCTURES, to be as follows:-
The chief object of my invention is to provide a system of ventilating buildings
and apartments by which the air admitted is at once diffused throughout the
apartment without the possibility of causing any draught.
In the mode of ventilating patented by me March 24th 1873 the air was
admitted vertically but if the current of air were strong it would strike and be
deflected from a low ceiling producing a downward draught.
In applying my present invention say to an apartment of a dwelling house
I provide for the admission of fresh air through horizontal circular holes formed in
the walls, door, window sash or other suitable position. These holes may be
arranged in groups or lines or a single hole may be used the area of admission
being dependent upon the amount of air required to be admitted. Immediately in
front of the group or line of holes I arrange a vertical baffle against which the
currents of air as they pour into the apartment will strike and a series of vortical
eddies will be thereby formed. Thus fresh air will be diffused imperceptibly
throughout the apartment without any possibility of draught direct or deflected
suitable outlets for the foul air being provided.
In order that the air holes may be closed or partly closed when required sliding
or other suitable covers may be provided.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: I, MARTIN TOBIN of Bay Lodge Uxbridge in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for AN IMPROVED
SYSTEM OF VENTILATING DWELLINGS AND OTHER STRUCTURES, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
The chief object of my invention is to provide a system of ventilation by which
the air admitted to an apartment is at once diffused without causing a draught in
any direction.
:
In the mode of ventilating patented by me March 24th 1873 the air was
delivered to the apartment in a vertical direction, but when the current of air was
strong and the apartment not lofty, the air would strike and be deflected from
the ceiling thereby producing a downward draught; in my present system however
the ventilators may be set at any height, even close to the ceiling, without any
such result.
To provide for efficient ventilation in apartments of whatever kind, I adopt the
means illustrated in the accompanying drawings, where Figs: 1 and 2 shew in
front view and cross section the means for obtaining air for ventilation through
the sash of a window.-Figs: 3 and 4 show in front view and cross section the
means for admitting air to an apartment through a door, and Figs: 5 and 6 shew
also in front view and cross section the means for adınitting air from the external
atmosphere through an external wall.
A (Figs 1 and 2) indicates the bottom bar of the lower sash of a window
perforated horizontally at intervals with a row of holes or openings, say about
1 inch in diameter. Opposite the inner face of this bar I fix to the window frame
a baffle B consisting of a strip of wood or its equivalent set at about 11 inches
from the plane of the sash bar. As the air passes through these holes in the
sash bar in the directions of the arrows it will strike the baflle B which 'is
made of such proportions as to intercept the course of the incoming currents.
By the impact of these currents on the baffle their direct course will be changed
into a circular or "vortical" movement, the course being parallel to the plane of
the baffle, by which movement the air will be imperceptibly diffused throughout
the apartment.
A strip of wood B¹ (shown in Fig: 2) similar to the baffle B may be fitted
outside the window to conceal the openings from view and hinder the entrance of
Boot and dust.
The sash bar I prefer to fit with sliding plates as at C pierced with holes
corresponding to those in the sash bar.
When the holes are brought into coincidence with those of the sash bar the air
will be freely admitted but when ventilation is not required the supply of air may
be cut off by shifting the position of the sliding plates.
In Figs 3 and 4. I have shown the mode of applying any invention to the panels
of a door which are pierced with two rows of round holes and are fitted at their
opposite sides with baffles B B¹ standing some 14 inches from the panel. The
action in this case will be precisely similar to that explained with reference to
Figs 1 and 2 the outside bafiles playing merely the part of the strips B' in the
first. described arrangement when the course of the currents is inwards. The
ventilation may however be in the opposite direction in which case the baffle B
:
will play the part of B₁ in Fig. 2.

page_text: Figs: 5 and 6 shew an outer wall in which an opening is left that is guarded
on the outer face by a grating, and on the inner face by a slab of wond or other
material A. This slab is pierced with a group of holes. In front of this slab I fix
a baffle B set as before explained at about 1 inches from the face of the wall and
of such a size as will ensure the arrest of the currents of air passing through the
holes into the apartment.
Although I have in the foregoing description mentioned dimensions I have given
the same only as a guide, having found those dimensions to answer satisfactorily.
It will be understood that the number of ventilators required for an apartment
will depend on the size of the apartment or on the maximum amount of fresh air
required to be admitted thereto. may also remark that the capacity of the
ventilators to pass air into an apartment will vary to a considerable extent
according to the requirements of the case; thus, for example as the tendency of the
air in an apartment is to exhaustion, a more rapid in-draught of fresh air will take
place and as a plenum of air is approached the supply will proportionately diminish.
I recommend however that the dimensions of the openings and the distance
therefrom of the baffles should not greatly vary from those set down.
In the window arrangement I fix the baffle and the external guard, so in
harmony with the frame and sash, that they will not be noticed.
In the other arrangements theo baffles may be of any suitable shape and may if
desired carry pictures or designs.
From the foregoing description it will be seen that the "vortical "system of
ventilation, may be applied to any apartment in a most elegant, efficient and
inexpensive manner without the disadvantages attendant upon the vertical system
and without interfering with shutters blinds or curtains whilst the windows may
be opened in the ordinary way and secured against burglars when shut.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
The improved system of ventilation above described consisting in admitting
streams of air to an apartment through openings in front of a baffle, so arranged
with respect thereto that a vortical movement will be created in the incoming
streams and the air thus set in motion will be diffused equably without draught.
Dated this 8th day of October 1884.