Improvements in and relating to Domestic Ovens.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Mar., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 2nd Dec., 1893-Accepted, 6th Jan., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Domestic Ovens.
We, WILLIAM BARRACLOUGHI, Ironfounder and ALBERT RHODES, Engineer,
both of Providence Foundry, Stanningley, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to domestic ovens, chiefly those connected with "Yorkshire"
or "Newcastle" ranges, where the oven occupies a plane above the level of the fire
bottom grate.
It has for its objects, first, to adopt them for being thoroughly and uniformly
heated in every part, and second, to effect an economy of the fuel required for
heating them.
We effect these objects by means of an improved construction of the flues
surrounding such ovens.
According to our invention, the whole surface of the oven, except the door, is
covered by fines. The top of it is divided and covered by two distinct flues, one of
them being the terminal one: the side which is nearest to the fire is divided by a
midfeather into two separate flues which communicate with each other as hereafter
described.
The under side of the oven and the side which is farthest removed from the fire
are each enclosed within and covered by a single (continuous) flue, each
communicating with the other.
The back of the oven is divided into two parts by a somewhat vertical midfeather.
One of these parts is open, top and bottom, to the flues above and beneath the
oven, and, elsewhere, it is open to the side flue, before named, which is farthest
removed from the fire: the other part of the oven back is occupied by a portion
of the terminal flue which leads up to the exhaust above the oven. Another
portion of the said terminal flue is formed by one of those upon the oven side
adjoining the fire and these two vertical, undivided, portions of this terminal flue
communicate with each other and with that final portion of it, previously named,
which is upon the oven top. This last named, final, portion of the terminal flue
communicates directly with the exhaust flue leading to the chimney, except when a
hot closet is fitted upon the oven above described.
The circulation of the heat throughout this range of oven flues is as follows:
After entering the flue beneath the oven, the heat proceeds into the back as well
as the most distant side flues passing from one into the other and emerging, at their
upper parts, into one of the flues upon the oven top: from the oven top the current
proceeds into and down the flue adjoining the fire side, thence through a port hole,
formed by stopping off a portion of the midfeather, before named, into the
adjoining (terminal) flue, up which it ascends and enters the final or outlet portion
thereof upon the oven top before it passes into the exhaust flue leading to the
chimney.
If a hot closet, as before referred to, is fitted on the top of this high oven, the
terminal flue of the latter is not formed upon the top of it but at the side and back
only and the top of the oven is occupied with only one flue: the terminal flue of
the high oven communicating with the initial flue of the hot closet.
Dated this 28th day of February 1893.

page_text: 1
Improvements in and relating to Domestic Ovens.
We, WILLIAM BARRACLOUGH, Ironfounder and ALBERT RHODES, Engineer,
both of Providence Foundry, Stanningley, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:―
"
This invention relates to domestic ovens, chiefly but not exclusively those
connected with " Yorkshire or "Newcastle" ranges, where each oven occupies a
plane above the level of the fire bottom grate.
It has for its objects, first, to adapt them for being thoroughly and uniformly
heated in every part, and second, to effect an economy of the fuel required for
heating them.
We effect these objects by means of an improved construction of the external
flues surrounding such ovens.
According to our invention, the whole surface of the oven, except the door, is
covered by flues. The top of it is divided and covered by two distinct flues, one
of them being the terminal one: the side which is nearest to the fire is divided by
a midfeather into two separate flues which communicate with each other as
hereafter described.
The under side of the oven and the side which is farthest removed from the fire
are each enclosed within and covered by a single (continuous) flue, each
communicating with the other.
The back of the oven is divided into two parts by a somewhat vertical midfeather.
One of these parts namely that which is most remote from the fire is open, top and
bottom, to the flues above and beneath the oven, and, elsewhere, it is open to the
side flue, before named, which is farthest removed from the fire: the other part of
the oven back namely that which is nearest to the fire is occupied by a portion
of the terminal flue which leads up to the exhaust above the oven. Another
portion of the said terminal flue is formed by one of those upon the oven side
adjoining the fire and these two vertical, undivided, portions of this terminal flue
communicate with each other and with that final portion of it, previously named
which is upon the oven top. This last named, final, portion of the terminal flue
communicates directly with the exhaust flue leading to the chimney, except when a
hot closet is fitted upon the oven above described.
The circulation of the heat throughout this range of oven flues is as follows: After
entering the flue beneath the oven, the heat proceeds into the back as well as the
most distant side flues passing from one into the other and emerging, at their upper
parts, into one of the flues upon the oven top: from the oven top the current
proceeds into and down the flue adjoining the fire side, thence through a port hole,
formed by stopping off a portion of the midfeather, before named, into the
adjoining (terminal) flue, up which it ascends and enters the final or outlet portion
thereof upon the oven top before it passes into the exhaust flue leading to the
chimney.
If a hot closet, as before referred to, is fitted on the top of this high oven, the
terminal flue of the latter is not continued upon the top of the high oven but at the
side and back of it only and the top of the oven is occupied with only one
flue the terminal flue of the high oven communicating with the initial flue of the
:
hot closet.
Our invention will be better understood and easily carried into effect if reference
is.made to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figures 1 and 2 are front and back views in perspective shewing a Yorkshire

page_text: with a flue in which the spent heat which had passed under and over the oven was
re-heated before it, entered a terminal flue covering the whole back of the oven and
associated with the usual flues marked A and B herein; it will therefore be
understood that we do not lay claim to such arrangements and devices broadly as
our invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
:-
First. In a domestic oven the improved combination of heating flues A, B, C, C',
D, D' E, F and midfeathers E' and C all substantially as herein described and
drawn for the purposes specified.
Second. In a domestic oven the combination therewith of the heating flues C, D,
D', E, F and C' all substantially as herein described and drawn or any mere
modification thereof for the purposes specified.
Third. In a domestic oven the combination therewith of the terminal flue or
flues F and C¹ formed between the oblique division plate C upon the side C and
the division plate E' upon the side E all substantially as herein described and
drawn or any mere modification thereof for the purposes specified.
Fourth. In a domestic oven the combination therewith of the division plate C'
and. the triangular shaped terminal flue C₁ upon the back of the oven, all
substantially as herein described and drawn or any mere modification thereof for the
purposes specified.
Dated this First day of December 1893.
JOSEPH LOCKWOOD,
263, Argyle Street, Glasgow, Agent for the Applicants.

page_text: or Newcastle oven with certain covers removed and exposing the flues upon its top
back and fire side.
Figures 3, 4 and 5 are front back and side views respectively in elevation of a
Yorkshire or Newcastle oven with coverings removed and exposing the flues.
Figure 6 is a plan of such an oven top with cover removed and showing flues.
The arrows indicate the directions of the hot air currents.
Referring to the drawings, the back and side flues marked B and C have
uninterrupted communication with each other and with the flue marked A beneatli
the oven as well as with that marked D upon the oven top. The heat which
proceeds from the fire part G passes under the oven and circulates freely through
the flues B, C, and D; thence it proceeds into that marked E where it becomes
re-heated by contact with the fire wall before it enters the ascending flues F and C¹
to the xit flue D' upon the corner of oven top.
The chief novelty and merit of this arrangement consists in the position and form
of the terminal flue or flues F and C' which are designed for either right or left
hand ovens.
Those portions of the oven upon which we have placed this terminal flue F
and Care seldom if ever included in and covered by the hot air flues surrounding
domestic ovens and are consequently seldom heated directly from them or by
contact with the hot air currents, but those portions act rather as a drain upon the
heat of the oven generally.
The oblique position of the division plate C' upon the oven back is adapted and
designed to direct the hot air current as it ascends from beneath the oven and up
the back of it into the flue D upon the oven top. The intensity of the hot
air current decreases and its bulk also the further it recedes from the fire on its
way to the chimney and the gradual narrowing of the flue space B, C, D, as
it converges towards the chamber E is designed to meet this contingency
and adapt the flues to this gradual diminution of bulk in the hot air current.
As the hot air current enters the side flue E at the top and proceeds downwards
to its hottest part adjoining the fire it becomes gradually increased in heat and
consequently in bulk before entering the flues F and C².
The vertical position of this terminal flue adapts its small dimensions for
affording rapid and easy exit for the hot air current as it emerges from the flue E,
as the hot current proceeds much more rapidly through a vertical flue than it does
through a lateral one.
The sloping position of the division plate C is further designed to guide the soot
down to the plate F¹ when the outlet flue above D' is swept so that it may be
extracted at a cleaning door placed conveniently for the purpose such as that
marked E'; dampers and cleaning doors of the ordinary kinds are fitted to the
flues generally.
The outside framing of our oven flues is sometimes wholly formed of metal
plates and at others only some of them are of metal those which are not formed of
metal being constructed of brickwork baked clay or masonry when building in the
range.
:
The complete envelopement of a domestic oven within a continuous hot air flue
or succession of hot air flues such as herein defined, together with the reheating of
the hot air current near the end of its circuit constitute the method and means
whereby we effect our first expressed object; and ovens so constructed and
encircled with hot air are found to take up heat quicker and retain it longer than
those which are not so enveloped and which have in some considerable portions of
their surfaces contact with solid masonry or brickwork; the avoidance of these last
named conditions enables us to obtain the fullest benefit of the fuel consumed for
heating such ovens and thereby effect our second object.
We are aware that prior to our invention domestic ovens have been constructed
with a midfeather partition upon the oven top dividing the oven top with more or
less completeness into two or more flues the partition being in some cases fixed and
in others moveable; also that the fire side of a domestic oven has been covered