Improvements in or connected with Apparatus or Mechanism for Turning Malt.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Sept., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 3rd June, 1892-Accepted, 6th Aug., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Apparatus or Mechanism for
Turning Malt.
I, JAMES YATE JOHNSON of 47 Lincoln's Inn Fields in the County of.
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (which has
been communicated to me from abroad by Jules Alphonse Saladin of 21 Rue
Sainte Catherine Nancy in the Republic of France Engineer) to be as follows:-
This invention relates to apparatus or mechanism for turning malt by means of
what are known as Saladin turning screws and consists in improvements in the
arrangement and combination of the mechanism whereby the apparatus is rendered
more efficient in its action. Turning apparatus constructed with Saladin turning
screws is usually caused to travel backwards and forwards alternately from one end
of the germinating case to the other but according to this invention the turning
screws after travelling and turning over the grain from one end of the case to the
other are raised above the surface of the grain and either moved back to the point
of departure or they are moved out of the case and transferred to another case for
the purpose of turning over the grain which it contains. By this means greater
uniformity in the action is obtained owing to the turning screws always working in
the same direction and one set of turning screws is enabled to turn the grain in a
number of cases.
The apparatus constructed according to this invention consists of three distinct
parts vizt.-
(1) The mechanism for working the turning screws.
(2) The mechanism for working the carriage carrying the said turning screws
and travelling upon the rails fixed on the sides of the germinating case being
provided with mechanism for raising and lowering the said screws.
(3) The mechanism for working a traveller or carrier employed for transferring
the said carriage and turning screws from one germinating case to another.
The mechanism connected with the turning screws is composed of a tubular frame
carrying a number of vertical shafts provided at their lower extremities with
Saladin turning screws and receiving motion in the usual manner from a horizontal
shaft and worms and worm wheels.
This shaft is also provided with a worm driving a worm-wheel on an inclined
shaft transmitting motion to a horizontal shaft carrying a pinion worked in a
stationary rack for the purpose of moving the carriage from one end of the case to
the other.
The mechanism of the carriage is required to perform 5 principal movements
vizt.-
(a) Carrying the turning mechanism forward from one end of the case to the
other whilst the screws raise and turn over the grain.
(b) Elevating the turning screws above the surface of the grain.
(c) Moving the turning mechanism backwards and on to the traveller.
(d) Carrying the turning mechanism forward on to the case where it is required
to work.
(e) Lowering the turning screws into position for acting on the grain.
The carriage is constructed with two side frames carrying the shafting and
provided with vertical slots or guides combined with vertical screws working in
huts connected with the tubular frame so that by rotating the vertical screws the
said frame can be raised or lowered as required. One of the side frames is pro-
ided with bearings for a shaft carrying a pulley having three grooves and receiving
novement from the driving mechanism by means of an endless cord working in the

page_text: said grooves. This shaft is provided at one end with a clutch by means of which it
is enabled to be disconnected from the driving shaft of the turning mechanism
when required. Means are provided for regulating the tension of the driving cord
working on the said pulley. With this object the cord is carried round the grooves
in the said pulley and round tension pullies supported in slots and capable of
adjustment for the purpose of regulating the tension of the cord. At the side of
the pulley with three grooves there is a belt pulley capable of transmitting motion
to either of three shafts carried by the carriage. One of these shafts is employed
for raising or lowering the turning mechanism, the second shaft drives the mechanisin
for propelling the carriage along the case and the third shaft being an intermediate
shaft transmits motion either to the first or to the second shaft by means of a
crossed belt in order to cause them to rotate in the opposite direction as required.
The belt worked by the driving pulley is so arranged that it is incapable of
transmitting motion to the other pulleys except when acted upon by a tension
pulley controlled automatically or by the workman who is thus enabled to stop
the movement of the mechanism instantaneously when required. With this object
the tension pulley is carried by a lever pivoted on the pulley shaft and worked by
an endless screw carried by a rocking frame automatically controlled by a com-
bination of cams and catches. By rotating the shaft carrying the cams or tappets
acting on the rocking lever the worm is put in gear with a worm wheel on the
lever carrying the tension pulley and by further rotating the said shaft the lever is
released by the tappet but remains in the elevated position being supported by a
catch. When this catch is released automatically or otherwise the lever falls and
the worm is put out of gear with the wheel on the lever so that the tension pulley
releases the driving belt and the movement of the mechanism ceases.
The
number of catches employed corresponds to the number of movements requiring to
be stopped and the number of cams or tappets employed and which come into
action one after the other, being driven by toothed gearing receiving motion from
a crank handle and being so timed and proportioned as to attain the effect
required.
The lever controlling the action of the tension pulley is acted on in succession
by the series of cams or tappets and by the catches whose action is so timed as to
automatically control the mechanism in accordance with the movement to be
produced or arrested. The several movements of the mechanism for working the
carriage are obtained as follows:-
To carry the turning mechanism forward from one end of the germinating case to
the other whilst the screws are turning over the grain the movement of the endless
cord is transmitted through the worm and worm-wheels to the turning screws and
to the mechanism for propelling the carriage from one end of the case to the
other.
In order to stop the turning mechanism when it has arrived at the end of the
case I employ (1st) a ratchet device acting on the pinion working in the rack and
(2ndly) I put the transmission out of gear or unship the driving belt.
The ratchet device consists of a pinion provided with teeth which form a
continuation of the fixed rack on the side of the case. When the driving pinion
arrives at the end of the rack its teeth engage with this pinion which is free to
rotate so that the propelling action of the driving pinion ceases-but when the
movement of the driving pinion carried by the carriage is reversed for the purpose
of producing the retrograde movement of the carriage as hereinafter explained a
pawl comes into action so that the pinion on the rack being locked by the pawl
offers resistance to the teeth of the pinion on the carriage and enables the latter to
work back on to the fixed rack for the purpose of moving the carriage back' to its
point of departure.
In order to put the 'stationary driving mechanism out of gear fast and loose
pulleys are employed and the driving belt is shifted from one pulley to the other by
means of a fork carried by a slide working in guides attached to the roof for
example. This 'slide is connected to a weight which tends to move the belt on to

page_text: the loose pulley such slide being also connected to a rod extending the whole length-
of the room and enabling the belt to be put on to the fast pulley by moving the
slide by hand. A pawl or catch is provided which engages with the slide and
retains it in the position for directing the belt on to the fast pulley and the carriage
is provided with an arm which when the carriage has arrived at the end of the case
acts upon this catch and releases the slide thereby causing the mechanism to be put
out of gear by the action of the weight.
Before lifting the screws above the surface of the grain the driving mechanism
producing the rotary motion of the screws is put out of gear by pressing on the
spring in connection with the clutch on the driving shaft.
A locking device is provided in order to prevent the lifting movement from
taking place before the driving shafts of the turning screws are put out of gear.
This device consists of a combination of levers and cranks connected with a pin
working in a circular groove on the clutch combined with a bolt which locks the
mechanism and renders it impossible for the screws to be elevated before the move-
ment has been arrested. The driving gear of the elevating mechanism is then put
into action by pulling a rod or cord controlling the belts and the turning screws are
elevated by means of the vertical screws on the 'carriage hereinbefore referred to.
When the screws have been elevated to the required level the movement is stopped
automatically by means of an arm on the tubular frame which comes into contact
with a nut on a rod connected to a lever which acts on the catch controlling
the lever connected to the tension pulley, the lever being thus released the driving
belt is slackened and the vertical movement ceases.
The turning mechanism is now displaced horizontally and placed upon the
traveller by means of a crank handle which puts into gear the worm acting
on the lever of the tension pulley and shifting the belt from one driving pulley to
the other. This driving pulley works a worm and worm wheel driving a vertical
shaft transmitting motion to a propelling shaft 68 by means of bevel gearing. This
shaft propels the carriage in an opposite direction and causes it to roll on to the
traveller. The worm which previously produced the travelling movement of the
cord is put out of gear by the act of raising the turning mechanism and at the same
time the bevel gearing producing the retrograde movement of the carriage is auto-
matically put into gear by means of a combination of toggles operated by the
vertical movement of the turning mechanism. These toggles may be combined with
a spring in order to facilitate the engagement of the toothed wheels. By this
means the turning mechanism is caused to travel backwards with a relatively rapid
movement and when it reaches the traveller its movement is stopped automatically
by means of a small incline or tappet placed on the rail which acts upon the tail of
the catch and releases the lever connected with the tension pulley so that the
driving belt is released and the movement stopped. The main driving belt is then
put out of gear and the endless cord disconnected with the driving pulley. The
traveller is then moved upon its rails and placed opposite another case where the
grain requires to be turned. The endless cord and driving belts are then replaced
in position and the crank controlling the tension pulley is worked for the purpose of
starting the mechanism. The carriage then rolls on to the case and when it reaches
the required point it is stopped automatically by a stop or incline acting on the tail
of the catch and releasing the mechanism connected with the tension pulley as
hereinbefore described. The turning screws are then caused to descend into the
case by shifting the crossed belt and turning the crank handle so as to cause
the tension pulley to act upon the driving belt the said pulley being retained
in position by means of a catch as hereinbefore described. The movement of the
vertical screws being thus reversed the turning screws are lowered into the case
and when they have descended to a sufficient extent the catch controlling the
tension pulley is automatically released by a tappet on the tubular frame so as to
arrest the movement and at the same time the bevel wheels are automatically put
out of gear by the action of the toggles. The worm driving the propelling shaft
of the carriage now engages with the wheel on the said shaft and produces a

page_text: relatively slow forward movement of the turning mechanism during the rotation of
the turning screws.
The traveller employed for transferring the carriage and turning mechanism from
one germinating case to another travels upon rails laid at the ends of the cases and
is constructed with two frames provided at the upper part with rails capable of
sliding horizontally in suitable guides. These rails (which may be adjustable
laterally and vertically) are provided at their inner sides with rack teeth so as to form
continuations of the rails and racks provided on the germinating cases with which
they are connected by a hinged rail capable of being turned back to facilitate the
movements of the traveller. The traveller being placed opposite to the case
the hinged rails are turned down so as to connect the rails on the case with the rails
on the traveller which is locked in position by means of a catch engaging with
suitable stops on the floor or on the rails. The rails on the carrier are capable of
being adjusted longitudinally by means of screws worked by an endless chain and
the frame of the carrier is made in two parts the upper part being capable
of sliding vertically upon the lower part so as to enable the rails to be adjusted to
the required level by means of toothed wheels or pinions and racks connected to the
frame of the traveller. These toothed wheels may be rotated by means of crank
handles on shafts provided with worms gearing with worm wheels on the shafts
carrying the said toothed wheels. The rails on the traveller can be adjusted
independently one of the other by loosening an end connecting the screws to the
pulleys carrying the endless chains and rotating the screws by hand by means of
suitable levers or handles.
Dated this 3rd day of September 1891
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Apparatus or Mechanism for
Turning Malt.
I JAMES YATE JOHNSON of 47 Lincoln's Inn Fields in the County of
Middlesex Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this invention (which has
been communicated to me from abroad by Jules Alphonse Saladin of 21 Rue
Sainte Catherine Nancy, in the Republic of France Engineer) and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to apparatus or mechanism for turning malt by means of
what are known as Saladin turning screws and consists of improvements in the
arrangement and combination of the mechanism as hereinafter described whereby
work is enabled to be performed more efficiently and economically than is possible
with the arrangements heretofore employed.
Mechanical malting is divided into two distinct operations namely.
1. Cool and moist ventilation at regulated temperatures during the germination
with dry ventilation at the conclusion of the germination and as a preparation for
the kiln. The present invention not being connected with the ventilation or
aerating part of the process it is unnecessary to give any further description of
this part of the operation.
2. The turning of the grain by means of machinery such as Saladin turning
screws for example.
In order to perform this second part of the operation in accordance with
the present invention a rectangular case is constructed in masonry provided at a
suitable distance from the ground or floor level with a moveable bottom or per-
forated plate upon which the grain, being previously damped, is spread in a layer
of the usual thickness.
Upon the walls of this case rails are provided upon which the turning apparatus

page_text: ms apparatus provided wiber of vertical shafts provided W
steel turning screws at their lower extremities. These screws are inserted under
the grain and by a combined rotary and horizontal motion they raise and turn over
the grain at the required times over the entire area of the case.
Turning apparatus constructed with Saladin turning screws as heretofore
arranged is usually caused to travel backwards and forwards alternately from one.
end of the germinating case to the other but according to this invention the
turning screws after travelling along the case and turning over the grain from one
end of the case to the other are raised above the surface of the grain and either
moved back to the point of departure or they are moved out of the case and
transferred to another case for the purpose of turning over the grain which it
contains. By this means greater uniformity in the action is obtained owing to.
the turning screws always working in the same direction. The germinating cases.
are enabled to be made longer and narrower than usual and the cost of the
machinery is diminished as one set of turning screws of relatively small dimensions.
is enabled to turn the grain in a number of long parallel cases arranged side by
side in the malting house.
And in order that the said invention may be fully understood I shall now proceed
more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer to the
several figures on the annexed sheets of drawings the same letters of reference.
indicating corresponding parts in all the figures.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings represents partly in elevation and partly
in vertical section the general arrangement of a malting chamber provided with
turning machinery arranged according to this invention.
Figure 2 represents the malt house in plan and Figure 3 illustrates the arrange-.
ment of the germinating cases in vertical section.
Figures 4, 5 and 6 are diagrams illustrating the arrangement of the Saladin
screws.
Figures 7 and 8 illustrate in elevation the carriage supporting the turning
screws.
Figure 9 represents a portion of the carriage in plan and Figures 10 and 11
illustrate details of the mechanism for raising and lowering the turning screws.
Figure 12 represents a rear elevation of the carriage and mechanism for
working the turning screws.
Figures 13 and 14 represents this mechanism in plan and front elevation:
respectively.
Figures 15 to 18 illustrate details of toggle mechanism controlling the action
of the bevel driving gear propelling the carriage as hereinafter described.
Figures 19 and 20 illustrate in vertical and horizontal section respectively the
mechanism connected with raising and lowering the turning screws and propelling.
the carriage along the germinating case.
Figure 21 illustrates this mechanism in transverse section and Figures 22 and 23
are diagrams explaining the working of the carriage.
Figure 24 is an elevation drawn to a larger scale and Figure 25 a plan partly in
horizontal section of gear employed for stopping and reversing the movement of
the carriage and Figures 26 and 27 represent the same in transverse section. This
arrangement is also illustrated on a smaller scale in Figure 58.
Figures 28 to 44 are illustrations of details and diagrams hereinafter referred to
in connection with the driving gear.
Figures 45 and 46 illustrate in longitudinal elevation and plan respectively
the overhead transmission or mechanism for transmitting motion to the turning
apparatus provided with means for putting the same in or out of gear and Figure 47
is an end elevation of the same.
Figures 48 to 57, Figures 59 and 60 and Figures 65 to 73 illustrate details_con-
nected with arrangements for controlling a tension device hereinafter described.
Figure 61 illustrates a detail connected with the transverse traveller employed
for transferring the turning mechanism from one case to another.

page_text: *Figures 62 and 63 illustrate this traveller or mechanism for transferring the
turning apparatus from one gerininating case to another in end and side elevation
respectively..
Figure 64 illustrates in plan a rack arrangement connected with the traveller.
The apparatus constructed according to this invention consists of three distinct
parts vizt.
(1) The mechanism for working the turning screws and constructed with a
tubular frame 1 Figures 19 to 21 supporting the turning screws 25 and carried by
a carriage 58 as represented in Figures 1, 2 and 3.
(2) The mechanism for propelling the carriage 58 Figures 21 and 23 which
travels upon rails 175 fixed on the sides of the germinating case and enables the
turning mechanism to be moved from one end of the case to the other being
provided with mechanism for raising the said screws above the surface of the
grain as indicated by the dotted lines in Figure 3 when the apparatus is being
run back to its starting point and lowering them again in order to recommence
the turning.
(3) The mechanism-for working transverse traveller or carrier 190 employed
for transferring the said carriage 58 with the support 1 of the turning screws
from one germinating case to another as hereinafter described with reference to
Figures 61 to 64.
1. THE TURNING GEAR OR MECHANISM CONNECTED WITH THE TURNING
SCREWS.
. This mechanism is composed of the tubular frame 1 (Figures 1 to 6) carrying a
number of vertical shafts 15 corresponding to the width of the germinating cases.
These shafts being suitably attached to the frame are provided at their lower
extremities with Saladin turning screws 25 composed of helical steel plates and
are provided at their upper ends with worm wheels 16 gearing with worms 38
Figures 12, 13 and 21 on a horizontal shaft 35 to which the driving power is
transmitted by suitable gearing. The rotary motion of the shaft 35 is trans-
mitted through the worms 38 to the worm wheels 16 and to the vertical shafts 15
and screws 25 which being inserted into the layer of grain act in the same way as
corkscrews raising the grain and turning it completely over.
worm 38*
This shaft 35 (Figures 21 and 23) is also provided with a
Figures 13, 14, 21 and 23 driving a worm wheel 4 on an inclined shaft 3
working in suitable bearings on the frame 1 and likewise provided at one
extremity with a worm 6 gearing with a worm wheel 71 transmitting motion to a
horizontal shaft 68 carrying a pinion working in a stationary rack for the purpose
of propelling the carriage 58 and the turning screws 25 from one end of the case
to the other.
2. THE CARRIAGE.
The mechanism carried by the carriage 58 is required to perform 5 principal
movements vizt.
+
(a) Carrying the turning mechanism forward from one end of the case to the
other whilst the screws raise and turn over the grain.
(b) Elevating the turning screws above the surface of the grain.
Moving the turning mechanism backwards and onto the transversely moving
traveller.
(d) Carrying the turning mechanism forward on to the next case in which it is
required to work.
(e) Lowering the turning screws into position for acting on the grain.
The carriage carrying the turning mechanism (Figures 7 to 22) is constructed
with two side frames 58 connected by bars and supported on wheels 62 running on
rails 175. A shaft 68 connected to the frame 58 by supports 69 (Figure 16) is
provided at each extremity with a pinion having five teeth (Figures 21 and 23)

page_text: gearing with racks 176 attached to the inner sides of the rails 175. When the
shaft 68 has rotary motion transmitted to it from the shaft 35 the pinions travel
along the racks 176 and cause the carriage 58 to travel along the rails with a
slow and regular motion. The racks and rails being arranged on the upper edges
of the lateral walls of the case the carriage is thus caused to travel from one end
of the case to the other.
For the purpose of raising and lowering the turning screws two vertical guides
or slots are formed in the side frames of the carriage 58 combined with vertical
screws 155 (Figures 7 to 11) working in nuts connected to the transverse supports
or girders supporting the tubular or cylindrical frame 1 of the turning mechanism.
The screws 155 can be rotated by means of worm wheels 156 fixed on their upper
extremities and gearing with worms 150 on a horizontal shaft 148. When the
screws 155 rotate they raise or lower the turning mechanism so as to raise the
turning screws above the grain or insert them. therein as required see dotted lines
in Figures 3 and 22.
In order to transmit to the different parts of the machinery the movements
required for propelling the carriage and imparting vertical and rotary motion to
the turning screws a pulley 39 Figures 8, 9, 12, 13 and 14 is provided on one side
of the carriage 58 upon a short shaft 41 working in bearings carried by an arm 50.
This arm is illustrated in detail in Figures 36 and 37. The pulley 39 has three
grooves and receives movement from the driving mechanism by means of an
endless cord (241 Figure 32) working in the said grooves. The shaft 41 drawn
to a larger scale in Figure 30 is provided at one end with a clutch (Figures 30
and 31) by means of which it is enabled to transmit motion to the driving shaft 35
of the turning mechanism and to be disconnected from the said shaft when
required. Means are provided for regulating the tension of the driving cord' 241
(Figure 32) working on the pulley 39. With this object the cord is carried
round the grooves in the said pulley and round two tension pullies 98 and 99
(Figures 8, 9 and 33) working on a stud 97 attached to a sliding support working
in a slotted guide 96 attached to the side frame 58 and capable of adjustment for
the purpose of regulating the tension of the cord by means of a screw and
crank 100. The cord 241 being carried twice round the pulley 39 it is necessary
to provide two tension pullies 98 and 99 which rotate independently upon the
stud 97. The tension of the cord is thus enabled to be adjusted without unneces-
sary friction. At the side of the pulley 39 with three grooves there is a belt
pulley 40 capable of transmitting motion by a short belt 45 to either of three
pulleys 149, 115 or 112 (Figures 8, 9, 34 and 35) on separate shafts carried by
the carriage. The pulley 149 drives the shaft 148 employed for raising or lowering
the turning mechanism the pulley 112 drives the shaft 110 transmitting motion to the
mechanism for running back the carriage to the end of the case after the turning
operation and the pulley 115 being on an intermediate shaft transmits motion in
the opposite direction to the shaft of the pulley 112 for the purpose of running
the turning machine forwards on the traveller as hereinafter explained and to the
shaft of the pulley 149 for the purpose of lowering the screws by means of crossed
belts. The belt 45 worked by the driving pulley 40 is so arranged that it is
incapable of transmitting motion to the pulleys 149, 115 and 112 except when
acted on by the tension device hereinafter described.
This tension device is constructed with a lever 122 oscillating on the axis of
the pulley 39 (Figures 8, 12, 13 and 14) and provided at one, extremity with a
tension pulley 120 and at the other extremity with a segment of a worm wheel
capable of being put in gear with an endless screw or worm 130. The arrange-
ment of this mechanism is illustrated in the detail Figures 48 to 50.
When these
parts are in gear as represented in Figures 49 and 50 and rotary motion in the proper
direction is imparted to the worm 130 by means of a crank handle the lever arm 122
is moved and presses the pulley 120 against the belt 45 so as to tighten it sufficiently
to enable it to drive the pulley 149 (Figure 8).
...The rocking frame or support 131 carrying the shaft of the worm 130 oscillates

page_text: on a horizontal axis 133 being alternately raised and lowered so as to put the said
worm in and out of gear with the worm segment on the tension lever 122 by the
action of a cam disc A provided with a series of cams or wipers 1, 2, 3, 4
(Figures 52 and 53) on a shaft 136 to which rotary motion is imparted by hand
by means of a crank handle 161 on a shaft 160 Figure 51 carrying a pinion driving
a wheel 140 fixed on the cam shaft 136 the said wheel and pinion being so pro-
portioned that the wheel 140 and cam shaft 136 describe a quarter of a revolution
to every two revolutions of the pinion and crank handle. The cam shaft also
carries a series of cams C, D, E, B (Figures 51, 52, 53 and 65) which act on a
corresponding series of rocking catches C'D' E' B' formed on counterweighted
levers 134 (Figures 66 and 68). These catches are normally held out of action by
the said cams as represented in Figure 68 but when the support 131 is clevated by
one of the cams on the cam disc A as represented in Figure 67 for example one of
the said catches is released by one of the cams C, D, E or B as indicated in
Figure 66 and moves into position for holding up the support after the elevating
cam has passed away from under it. The tension lever 122 can then be moved by
rotating the worm 130 so as to press the pulley 120 against the belt 45 as repre-
sented in Figures 8 and 38.
When the movement transmitted by this belt requires to be stopped the catch is
moved away from under the lever 131 by automatic arrangements hereinafter
described the latter descends sufficiently to take the worm 130 out of gear with
the tension lever 122 and the belt 45 ceases to transmit the motion to the
pulleys 149 or 115.
The latter then drops disengaging the worm segment of the tension lever and
-causing the motion to be arrested.
There are as many catch levers 134 as there are different movements to be
arrested each catch being provided with a tooth or projection 134* arranged in
suitable positions for being acted on by the cams.
In order that the cams or tappets may operate one after the other in the proper
order I provide upon their axis the wheel 140 (Figures 51 and 65) having 48 teeth
which gear with the pinion fixed on a shaft 160 and provided with six teeth being
worked by a crank handle 161. This crank handle is worked by moving it from
the lowest position and must always be returned to this position in completing each
The pinion being provided with 6 teeth and the wheel, 140 having
48 teeth the pinion describes two revolutions to every quarter of a revolution of
movement.
the wheel.
The cam disc 136, Figures 48 to 50, marked A. in Figures 51, 52, 53, 54, 55,
and 65, is provided with four tappets or wipers 1, 2, 3, 4 (Figures 52 and 53)
arranged at equal distances apart upon its circumference. The cam discs CDE B
are each provided with a single tappet or wiper placed opposite to a corresponding
wiper on the cam A but slightly in advance of the latter. The wiper of the cam
disc B corresponds with the wiper 1 on the cam disc A and acts on the catch B¹
controlling the movement by which the turning screws are elevated above the level
of the grain. The wiper of the cam disc C corresponds with the wiper 2 on the
cam disc A and acts on the catch C' controlling the running back of the carriage.
The wiper D corresponds with the wiper 3 and acts on the catch D' which controls
the running forward of the carriage on to the case and the wiper 4 corresponds with
the wiper E and catch E¹ which control the descent of the turning screws into the
working position. One complete revolution of the wheel 140 causes all the wipers
of the several cams to be brought successively into action. When the turning
mechanism is lowered into its working position at the lower end of the guides, the
screws being inserted into the grain at the front end of the case (Figures 19 and 21)
the worm 6 drives the worm wheel 71 and produces the relatively slow forward
movement of the carriage. By means of the endless cord 241 (Figure 32) the
pulley 39 is caused to drive the shaft 35 which transmits movement to the turning
screws by means of the worms 38 and worm wheels 16 (Figures 12 and 13). By
these means the turning screws are caused to rotate and act upon the grain whilst

page_text: they are being propelled horizontally from one end of the case to the other
(Figures 1 and 2).
When the turning mechanism has arrived at the end of the case it must be
stopped abruptly and not allowed to proceed further otherwise it would strike
against the door which closes this end of the case. In order to produce this
instantaneous stoppage of the turning mechanism I employ (1) a ratchet device or
rolling tooth arrangement which prevents the five toothed propelling pinions 68
(Figures 21 and 23) from proceeding farther upon the rack 176 (2)
transmission out of gear or cast off the driving belt.
put the
The ratchet device (Figures 24 to 27 and 58) consists of a pinion or disc 181
provided with four teeth or pins 181* which forms a continuation of the fixed
rack 177 being arranged at the end of the said rack at which the turning
mechanism requires to be stopped automatically. The teeth of this pinion are
of cylindrical form being of the same shape and pitch as the teeth or pins on the
rack 176 and the pinion is free to rotate on a centre carried by a plate 177 forming
an extension of the rack 176.
When the five toothed propelling pinion 68 (Figure 21) which propels the
turning mechanism along the rails engages with the loose pinion 181 at the
extremity of the rack this pinion offers no resistance to the teeth of the propelling
pinion 68 and renders it incapable of advancing although it may continue to rotate.
The turning mechanism consequently ceases to advance and any delay in stopping
the driving gear cannot cause any accident to the machinery. When the movement
of the pinion 68 is reversed for the purpose of producing the retrograde movement
of the carriage the pinion 181 is prevented from rotating by a pawl 178 acted on
by a spring 180 and which engages with the teeth of the pinion 181 as represented
in Figure 24. By means of this pawl the pinion 181 is also stopped in such a
position that one of its teeth corresponds with or forms an extension of the rack 176.
The resistance presented to the teeth of the pinion on the carriage then enables it
to work back on to the rack 176 for the purpose of moving the carriage and turning
mechanism back to the point of departure. During this movement the turning
mechanism is elevated as indicated by dotted lines in Figures 3 and 22. so that the
turning screws pass over the grain without touching it.
In order to enable the stationary driving mechanism to be put out of gear
when required fast and loose pulleys 233 are employed on an overhead shaft 232
arranged over the passage at the end of the germinating cases as represented in
Figures 1 and 2 and in Figures 45 to 47. Opposite each case the shaft 232 is provided
with a grooved pulley 234 (Figures 1 and 2) on which works the endless driving
cord 241 which imparts motion to the pulley 39 of the turning mechanism as
indicated in Figure 32.
The fast and loose pulleys 233 (Figures 45 and 46) arranged at one end of
the shaft 232 are driven by the main driving belt which can be shifted from one
pulley to the other by means of a fork 213 carried by a sliding bar 212 working in
guides 215. This slide 212 is connected by a cord working over a pulley 219 to a
weight 218 which tends to move the belt on to the loose pulley and is also connected
to a rod 217 extending the whole length of the room near the ceiling and enabling
the belt to be put on to the fast pulley by moving the slide by hand.
For this purpose I provide at convenient intervals in the passage at the front
ends of the cases vertical rods or pulls 224 connected to chains passing over
pulleys 219 and connected to the main rod 217. By drawing down one of the
pulls 224 the slide 212 can be moved in its guides and cause the fork 213 to shift
the belt from the loose pulley on to the fast pulley and set the shaft 232 in motion.
A pawl or catch 216 then engages with the slide 212 and prevents it from being
pulled back by the action of the weight 218. The endless cord 241 then transmits
motion to the turning mechanism which advances to the end of the case.
reaching the end of its travel an arm or horizontal bar 59 (Figures 7 and 9) at the
upper part of the carriage comes in contact with a pendant lever 229 suspended"
from the ceiling (Figure 39). This lever being connected by a screw to a rod 227
On
P

page_text: ⚫
attached to the catch 216 this rod is moved and by the intervention of a bell crank
lever disengages the catch 216 and the slide 212 being now free to move under the
influence of the weight 218 shifts the belt on to the loose pulley thereby stopping
machinery driven by the shaft 232.
In order to elevate the turning screws above the surface of the grain the shaft 35
which drives the turning screws is put out of gear by means of the clutch 241
(Figures 30 and 31). For this purpose the attendant presses on a spring 42 so as
to disengage a pin or catch by which the clutch was held in gear. The clutch can
then be drawn outwards so as to disconnect the shaft 35 and is prevented from
returning by means of the same catch.
In order to prevent the lifting movement from taking place before the driving
shaft 35 is put out of gear or disconnected by means of the clutch 241 a locking
device is provided which renders it impossible for the hoisting mechanism to act
before the shafts 35 and 41 are disconnected. With this object the clutch 241 is
provided with an annular groove engaging with the end of a lever 165 (Figures 40
& 41) placed on the upper extremity of a vertical shaft 164 provided with a small
crank at its lower extremity. The lever 165 moves with the clutch 241 and the
said crank is connected to a bolt 163 which engages with a notch in a disc 162
on the shaft 160 which works the tension device (Figure 51). So long as the
clutch 241 is in gear the bolt 163 remains in the notch as represented in Figure 42
and locks the tension mechanism so that it is impossible to rotate the shaft 160 and
transmit motion to the elevating mechanism but when the clutch 241 is moved out
of gear the bolt 163 is drawn back out of the notch in the disc 162 (Figure 40).
The shaft 160 is then free to rotate in order to produce the following movement
and the turning screws can be elevated without danger. With this object the
attendant causes the crank handle 161 to describe two revolutions so that
the cam A describes one quarter of a revolution and the wiper 1 elevates
the support 131 (Figure 55) which is retained in the elevated position by the
catch B₁ which is now released by the cam B as represented in Figure 66. The
endless screw 130 being now in gear with the worm segment on the tension
lever 122 is rotated by means of the crank handle (Figure 50) and the tension
pulley 120 on the said lever is pressed against and tightens the belt 45 (Figures 8
and 35) so as to enable it to transmit motion to the pulley 149.
case.
The driving shaft 232 is now set in motion by drawing down one of the pulls M
(Figure 45). The pulley 149 then transmits motion through the shaft 148 and
worms 150 (Figures 8, 9, 10, 11 & 14) to the worm wheels 156 (Figure 13) fixed
on the upper extremities of the vertical screws 155 and causes them to elevate the
turning mechanism which slides up the grooves in the side frames 58 of the carriage
until the turning screws are raised above the surface of the grain in the germinating
When the screws have been elevated to the required level the movement is
stopped automatically by means of an arm 10 (Figure 9) attached to the tubular
frame which comes in contact with a nut on a rod 144. This rod which placed
at the side of the frame 58 is connected to a lever 143 (Figures 54, 55, 69 and 72)
provided with an arm 141 which acts upon a fork connected with the lever 134 of
the catch B¹ and disengages the latter (Figure 54) so as to allow the support 131
and worm 130 to descend into the position represented in Figure 48. The tension
lever then ceases to act upon the belt 45 the movement ceases and the turning
mechanism remains in the elevated position.
The turning mechanism now requires to be run back to the other end of the
germinating case and transferred to the transverse traveller. With this object the
attendant describes two revolutions with the crank 161 (Figure 51) which has
the effect of bringing the wiper 2 on the cam A into action placing the worm 130
again in gear with the tension lever the catch C¹ being released by the cam C and
allowed to engage with the support 131. The belt 45 is now placed on the
pulley 112 (Figure 34) and the tension device being brought into action the
pulley 112 fixed on the shaft 110 (Figures 12, 13, 43 & 44) drives the worm 111
gearing with the worm wheel 91 which imparts motion to a vertical shaft 88. The

page_text: shaft 88 is provided at its lower extremity with a bevel wheel 89 driving a
corresponding wheel 70 on the horizontal propelling shaft working the pinion 68.
This shaft being now caused to rotate in the opposite direction rapidly propels the
carriage 58 and turning mechanism 1 back to the point of departure. In order that
this movement may take place the worm wheel 71 (Figure 21) previously employed.
to produce the relatively slow forward movement of the carriage is put out of gear
with the worm 6 simply by the elevation of the turning mechanism but the bevel
wheels 89 and 70 which were put out of gear during the slow forward movement.
must be put into gear in order to effect the rapid return movement. These bevel
wheels 89 and 70 are put in and out of gear automatically by means of a toggle
arrangement (Figures 12, and 15 to 18). The wheel 70 is fixed upon the shaft 68
and the lower end of the shaft 88 carrying the pinion 89 works in a sliding footstep
bearing placed upon the shaft 68. This footstep bearing is connected to a fixed
support 69 by toggle levers 103 worked by a forked rod 105. This rod is provided
with nuts 106 acting as stops which limit its movement and regulate its highest and
lowest positions by coming in contact with an arm 107 fixed on the tubular frame 1.
When this frame is in its lowest position for ordinary working the arm 107 acts
upon the lower nuts and draws down the rod 105 so as to deflect the toggle
levers 103 from a straight line and place them in the position represented in
Figures 12 & 18. This has the effect of drawing the movable footstep bearing 92.
towards the fixed support 69 and moving the wheel 89 away from the wheel 70
and retaining it in this position until the turning mechanism is elevated. When the
turning mechanism is elevated into its highest position, the stop 107 comes in
contact with the nuts at the upper end of the rod 105 and elevates the latter
straightening out the toggles to their original position and putting the wheel 89
into gear with the wheel 70. To facilitate the engagement of these wheels a
spring 109 (Figure 12) is placed on the rod 105 over the arm 107 so that in case
the tooth of one bevel wheel strikes a tooth of the other wheel the spring yields
until the wheels 89 and 70 are brought into a proper position for gearing together.
The movement thus transmitted through the wheel 70 to the rack pinion on the
shaft 68 causes the carriage to run back with a rapid movement and pass on to the
transverse traveller where it is stopped automatically by an incline or tappet 186
(Figure 60) placed on the rail 168 and which acts upon the tail of the lever 134
corresponding to the cam carrying the catch C¹ and releases the tension pulley so
that the belt ceases to drive the pulley 112 and the carriage is stopped in the
required position upon the traveller which is hereinafter more fully described. The
attendant then stops the overhead driving shaft 232 and throws off the endless
cord 241 (Figure 32). The traveller is then wheeled on to the next case where it
is secured in position by a catch 200 (Figure 63).
The turning mechanism then requires to be run on to the germinating case in
which it is to work. For this purpose the case is opened and the endless.cord 241
being placed upon the pulleys as before the driving shaft 232 is set in motion
(Figures 1, 2, 45, 46 & 47). The belt 45 is then placed upon the small inter-
mediate pulley 115 on the carriage (Figure 38) and a short crossed belt 117 is
placed in position for transmitting motion from the pulley 115 to the shaft 110 by
means of a pulley at the side of the pulley 112. When this has been done the
cam A is rotated so as to bring the wiper 3 into action and put the worm 130 into
gear with the tension lever the frame 131 being supported by the catch D¹ released
by the cam D (Figure 68). The worm 130 is then rotated so as to stretch the
belt 45 and cause movement to be transmitted to the propelling mechanism. The
machine then runs on to the case and is stopped automatically in the required
position by a stop or incline 182 (Figures 59 and 73) acting on the tail of the catch
lever 134 so as to release the support 131 which drops and stops the movement by
releasing the belt 45.
In the next place the turning mechanism is lowered so that the screws may act
upon the grain. With this object the small cross belt 117 is so arranged as to
transmit motion from the pulley 115 to the shaft of the pulley 149 (Figures 28

page_text: & 29). The crank handle 161 is then caused to describe two revolutions so as to
put the worm 130 into gear with the tension lever by the action of the wiper 4 and
bring the catch E¹ into action for the purpose of holding up the support 131
(Figure 56). The worm 130 is then rotated in order to cause the belt 45 to act
and drive the pulley 115. The shaft of the pulley 149 then rotates in the reverse
direction and transmits motion to the screws 155 which lower the turning
mechanism into the working position. An arm or projection 2 (Figure 70)
descending with the turning mechanism then comes in contact with an arm 145
connected to the lever 134 of the catch E' and causes the latter to release the
support 131 (Figure 57). The tension lever being thus released the belt 45 ceases
to act and the movement is suspended. The driving shaft 232 is then put out of
gear. At the same time the arm 107 (Figures 12 and 43) depresses the rod 105
and causes the toggle levers 103 to be deflected so as to displace the footstep
bearing of the shaft 88 and disengage the wheel 89 from the wheel 70. At the same
time also the worm 6 engages with the wheel 71 and causes the turning mechanism
to move slowly forwards and travel horizontally along the case in the working
position.
The turning mechanism being in this position the clutch 241 (Figures 12, 13
and 14) is put into gear so as to drive the shaft 35. By these means the turning
mechanism is made ready for a fresh operation which is performed by putting the
main driving shaft 232 into gear.
Before lowering the turning screws into the germinating case a place should be
cleared at the end of the case by removing the grain with a shovel and forming a
kind of trench about two feet wide. When the screws have been lowered into this
trench the grain is thrown back upon them.
After the turning mechanism has turned over the grain and returned to its
original position it is transported to another case by means of the transverse
traveller next hereinafter described. In the passage formed in the end of the cases
(Figure 2) a line of rails 211 is provided upon which the said transverse traveller
moves. This traveller is composed of two cast iron frames 190 (Figures 62 and 63)
supported upon wheels 191 which travel upon the rails 211. The framé 190 supports
rails 168 capable of sliding in guides at the upper part, of the frame. These rails
are provided on the inner sides with racks similar to and forming continuations of
the racks on the rails provided on the case and which gear with the pinions 68 on
the carriage 58. The rails on the traveller can be connected with the rails on the
cases by means of hinged rails 169 (Figure 62) constructed to form continuations
of the rails and racks. When the carriage 58 with the turning mechanism requires
to be transferred from the case on to the traveller the latter is placed exactly
opposite to the case and is secured in position by a catch 200 which engages with a
stop 202 fixed to the ground in a suitable position. The two hinged rails 169 are
then lowered and caused to engage accurately with the notches 170 in the rails 175
for which purpose they may be adjusted by means of two screws 171 connected by
a pitch chain 173 (Figure 64) working over wheels 172 on the extremities of the
said screws so that by rotating the screws the rails 168 can be caused to slide in
their guides until they correspond exactly with the rails 175. When the two
hinged rails 169 have been properly adjusted the carriage 58 is run off the case on
to the traveller as represented in Figure 62. The two hinged rails 169 and the
catch 200 are then turned up and the traveller is free to be moved on to
any other
case where the turning mechanism is required. When the traveller has arrived in
front of this case the catch 200 is lowered on to the stop 202 and the two hinged
rails 169 are turned down into their notches 170 being adjusted if required by
means of the screws 171. The quick motion pulleys 115, 112 on the carriage being
then put into gear the carriage is run on to the case to the place where the turning
mechanism is required to work.
1
In some instances the cases not being constructed of exactly the same height it
may be necessary to raise or lower the carriage in order to present it at the proper
level. It may also happen that the building in which the cases are placed is too

page_text: low to enable the carriage 58 to pass under the beams supporting the roof or
ceiling. The traveller 190 is consequently provided with means for enabling the
rails 168 carrying the turning mechanism to be raised or lowered as required.
The frame 190 (Figures 62 and 63) of the traveller is accordingly made in two
parts the upper part being capable of sliding vertically upon the lower part. The
lower part rests upon the axles 192 of the wheels 191 running on the rails 211.
The upper part 204 carries the rails 168 and can be raised or lowered by means of
racks 203 gearing with pinions 195 carried by the lower part 190. These pinions
or toothed wheels are rotated by means of a worm wheel 196 receiving motion
from a worm 208 on a shaft 207 provided with a crank handle 210 and working in
bearings 209. By rotating the shaft 207 the upper part 204 of the traveller can
be raised or lowered by an action similar to that of a lifting jack. When the
carriage with the turning mechanism has been run on to the traveller 190 it may
be lowered sufficiently to enable it to pass under the beams of the ceiling and when
the traveller has arrived opposite to the case where the turning mechanism is to
work the worm shaft 208 can be rotated in the opposite direction in order to raise
it to the required level. This level must correspond approximately with that of
the case but may be slightly higher or lower as the carriage can always be run on
to the case by means of the hinged rails provided that the difference is not too
great.
Means are provided for enabling the racks 168 to be adjusted independently in
case either of the hinged rails 169 does not fit accurately. With this object
the adjusting screws 171 are provided with handles 174 as represented in Figure 61
for the purpose of working each screw separately. The chain wheel 172 is not
permanently fixed on the screws but is simply fixed by a nut which is loosened
when the screws are to be adjusted separately. By simply loosening this nut either
of the screws 171 can be rotated independently of the other in order to adjust the
rails in the required position.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is;-
1. In the construction of mechanism for turning malt the improvements con-
sisting in the automatic arrangements for working the carriage with the tubular
frame substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
2. In the construction of mechanical malt turners the improvements consisting
in placing upon the tubular frame stops or tappets operating to automatically
control the working of the raising and lowering mechanism substantially as herein-
before described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
3. In the construction of mechanical malt turners the combination of the
improved arrangements as set forth provided with a carriage enabling the turning
mechanism to travel along the case and to be raised or lowered that is to say to be
drawn out of the layer of grain or to be inserted therein as required and also
enabling the turning mechanism to be transferred to another case substantially as
hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
4. In the construction of mechanical malt turners the combination of the turning
mechanism with a carriage enabling the layers of grain contained in a series of
separate cases to be turned over always in the same direction and at the same
periods or intervals of time substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated
in the accompanying drawings.
5. In the construction of mechanical malt turners the clutch arrangements for
putting out of gear or disconnecting the parts of the driving shaft of the turning
screws when the latter have to be raised above the grain the part of the said shaft
remaining permanently in position upon the carriage being employed to transmit
motion to other parts of the machinery substantially as hereinbefore described with
reference to the accompanying drawings.

page_text: 6. In the construction of mechanical malt turners the arrangement by which a
pulley with three grooves receiving motion from the main driving shaft is enabled
to transmit motion through an adjacent pulley to the parts producing the several
movements of the carriage when the turning mechanism is elevated substantially as
herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
7. In the construction of mechanical malt turners the combination of the
arrangement referred to in the proceeding claim with a tension device enabling the
mechanism to be put into gear by hand and put out of gear automatically at
the required time substantially as herein before described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
8. In the construction of mechanical malt turners the combination of the tension
device with cams or wipers combined with a series of catches which automatically
release the tension device in order to stop the movement connected with the raising
or lowering of the turning mechanism or propelling the carriage at the proper
time substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
9. In the construction of mechanical malt turners the clutch arrangement for
connecting and disconnecting the two parts of the driving shaft in combination with
the safety arrangement consisting of a bolt so arranged as to prevent the turning
screws from being elevated before the proper time substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
10. In the construction of mechanical malt turners the arrangement of stops or
tappets and toggle levers for putting the mechanism for working the carriage in
and out of gear substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
11. In the construction of mechanical malt turners the combination of the tubular
frame supported upon a carriage inclines or tappets arranged at the side of the
germinating case for putting the mechanism out of gear with the several arrange-
ments hereinbefore described and claimed.
12. In the construction of mechanical malt turners the improvements in the
transverse traveller consisting of means for adjusting the rails supporting the
carriage vertically laterally and longitudinally in such a manner as to facilitate
the passage of the carriage from the case on to the traveller or the reverse
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
13. The arrangements and combinations of parts constituting the improvements
in or connected with apparatus or mechanism for turning malt substantially as
hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 3rd day of June 1892.
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
Agents.