Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Economising Hydraulic Power.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Aug., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 27th May, 1891-Accepted, 27th June, 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Economising
Hydraulic Power.
I, ROBERT HYDE Industry Road, Darnall, in the County of York Engineer
do hereby declare the nature of my invention to be as follows:-
:―
This invention relates to improvements connected with hydraulic presses, having
for its object to economise the use of the high pressure water in the accumulator
or other reservoir, by the use of water under a lower pressure for such purposes as
bringing the ram of the hydraulic press into position, for taking up slack and the
like, and for which purposes it is now usual to employ water under the high
pressure, although such high pressure is not necessary.
propose to use two methods, either of which may be employed, and according
to one method I proceed as follows, first premising that it will be understood that
although I may mention only one cylinder, or one apparatus, the number of such
cylinders or apparatus may be more as desired.
I provide a small cylinder fitted with a double ended piston rod projecting at
each end arranged to actuate the rams of two larger cylinders fixed in line opposite
each end of the smaller cylinder, so that they will be acted upon alternately. For
this purpose the piston rod of the small or motor cylinder, and the two rams may
be solid or continuous, and if preferred one double acting large cylinder may be
used instead of two.
The motor cylinder is in communication with the accumulator, and the larger
cylinders with the hydraulic press or presses, and also with some convenient water
supply, the various connecting pipes being furnished with back pressure valves
where required, and other suitable valves.
When high pressure water from the accumulator is admitted to the small motor
cylinder the piston is moved, and the ram of one of the large cylinders discharges
water at a reduced pressure, due to the difference in the areas of the large and small
pistons or rams, thus if the area of the large ram is twice that of the small
piston or ram, the discharged water would be half the original or accumulator
pressure.
The other large cylinder would in the mean time have become charged with
water under the pressure of gravity only, from the supply, and on the reverse action
of the motor, this would also be forced out to the press at the reduced pressure for
the purposes before mentioned.
Instead of exhausting the high pressure water from the motor cylinder into a
waste pipe, I may connect the exhaust with the low pressure pipe from the large
cylinders, and thus utilise instead of wasting it.
In carrying out the second arrangement of my invention, I propose to combine
an economising arrangement with the ordinary intensifier, which consists briefly of
two hydraulic cylinders, a large one placed over a small one, with the rams in line
and capable of operating each other, so that when the large ram is forced down
by the high pressure water from the accumulator and acts upon the smaller ram,
the pressure of the water in the smaller cylinder will be intensified in proportion to
the difference in the areas of the two rams.
'
I propose instead of exhausting the water in the larger cylinder into a waste
pipe, to force it out at reduced pressure by reversing the action of the rams by
opening the smaller cylinder to the accumulator water, and permitting the
economised water from the large cylinder to pass to the press.
When the water in the smaller cylinder is not required to be intensified, it may
be exhausted through a suitable valve; the rams will then fall to their lowest

page_text: position by gravity, and the largest cylinder be filled with water from the
supply.
Water under high pressure from accumulator is then admitted to the small
cylinder, and the water again forced out of the larger cylinder under reduced
pressure as before described, either to the press, or to be utilised for analogous
purposes.
Dated the 22nd day of Ave 1800
ROBT. F. DRURY, Fel. Inst. P.A.,
Bank Buildings, George Street, Sheffield, Agent for Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Economising
Hydraulic Power.
I, ROBERT HYDE Industry Road, Darnall, in the County of York Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the 1
following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements connected with hydraulic presses or
other like hydraulic machinery, and has for its object to economise the use of the
high pressure water from the accumulator, or other reservoir, by using water under
lower
pressure for such purposes as moving the ram of the press for example 1
into position; for taking up slack and the like, and for which purposes it is now
usual to employ water under high pressure, although such high pressure is not
a
necessary.
I propose to describe two methods by which my invention may be carried into
practice, first premising that although I may mention only one cylinder, or other
appliance, it must be understood that such parts may be duplicated or otherwise
increased in number.
The invention is illustrated in the annexed sheets of drawings.
Fig. 1, sectional elevation of apparatus used in carrying out the first part of the
invention.
Fig. 2, plan of rocking lever and bracket.
Fig. 3, sectional elevation of main valve to motor cylinder.
Fig. 4, back view of same.
Fig. 5, plan of same.
Fig. 6, section of valve to large cylinder of intensifier, used in second part of my
invention.
Fig. 7, end view of same.
Fig. 8, valve to give required supply to press.
Fig. 9, elevation of intensifier-part in section.
Fig. 10, plan of same.
According to the first arrangement illustrated by Figures 1 to 5 inclusive, I
construct an apparatus consisting of two cylinders, one fixed over the other, and
four sets of valves, but although I show them arranged vertically they may be
fixed otherwise by altering the connections to the valves.
The large cylinder C₁, is fitted with a piston P P1, and rod R, passing through
two stuffing boxes S1, S2, which are in centre casting C S, each end of which forms
a cover for the two cylinders C¹, and C2. The motor cylinder C2, is fitted with
a piston P P2, and a rod R', which passes through a stuffing box S3 and is pro-
vided with a fixed collar or head H. When the rod rises it passes up the tube T,
until it comes in contact with the solid end, it then lifts the tube and the nut N,
which is provided with lugs L, between which a rocking lever RL, is connected;
this rocking lever is supported by a bracket B, which also carries a guide G,
through which the tube T, works.

page_text: The rocking lever R L, works on joint J', and beyond the joint it increases in
width, and has a segmental face for a friction roller F, R', to travel upon; the
roller is carried by a spring R S, which is secured to the connecting rod C R,
having a hard facing H W to work in connection with the trip piece T P, on the
rocking lever.
It will be seen that these two parts H W, and T P, are held in contact by the
action of the spring R S, and that when the rocking lever is moved it will move
the connecting rod C R, which is connected to main valve Fig. 3, by joint J².
Fig. 3, represents the main valve to motor cylinder upon a larger scale, it is
provided with five ports P1, P2, P3, P4, P, they are formed in the rings R' R2 R³ R²;
the exhaust P³, is in the main casing of the valve, and the said rings have leathers
in and between them L', L, L³, L, L, L, to prevent the escape of water;
rings R', R are screwed into casing M V C.
The valve spindle V S, has three recesses O¹, 02, 0³. One end of valve V E³,
is made square as shown, and the other end is made square, by the square
nut N.
The frame F, has its two ends F T, and F B, projecting towards the valve
spindle, and is made to work between guides marked G1, G2, G3, G4, G* G* shown
in Fig. 4.
A plate C, P, is provided with a spring DSS, rivetted upon it and carrying
two friction rolls F R, which press upon the back of the frame F to hold it in
position.
The frame has a slot S T, which being made wider in the central part, forms
the shoulders F S₁, and FS2, and between these shoulders is placed a compressed
coiled spring S S¹; the lugs or guides G2, and G³, are fast to the casing.
When the connecting rod C R, is pushed down, it carries the frame F, with it,
at the same time it compresses the spring S S¹, by acting upon it at the
shoulder F S', and storing energy.
The frame point F B, is made to move inwards and engage with the valve spindle
end VEI (or nut N) by reason of the pressure of the friction rollers F R, acting
upon its back, and the arrangement of bevels or inclines which permit of this move-
ment. In the frame F, there is a recess R E, and each end is bevelled at B', B²,
corresponding bevels being made on the casing M V C, at E B', E B².
As soon as the trip action has released the frame F, it finds its central position
again, through the energy stored in the compressed spring S S¹, and the point F B,
is drawn out of contact with spindle end V E', by the bevil B' sliding up the
corresponding bevel E B'.
When the frame F, is moved in the opposite direction by the trip action, the
point FT, catches upon the end V E2, of valve spindle, and a continuation of the
movement causes a reverse action of the valve to that above described.
The drawing Fig. 3, shows the point of frame F T, just released and clear from
the valve spindle, and at the top of bevel E B², it has just tripped and opened the
ports P, and P2, to underside of motor piston P P2, at the same time opening the
top side of piston to exhaust through ports P4, and P³, the water from which may
be used as economised water by closing stop valve S V, and admitting it through
check valve C V If desired the water may be permitted to pass into waste pipe,
by opening valve S V.
Water is admitted from the accumulator through the ports P', and P³; the
piston in motor cylinder P P2, is connected by the rod to the large cylinder
piston P P
In the drawing Fig. 1, the top side of piston is set for exhausting through
valve DV, as economised water, and water is being admitted to the underside of
large piston P P1, through valve C V2, from the supply.
In the second arrangement of mechanism, I combine a method for economising.
power with an ordinary intensifier, which consists of two hydraulic cylinders, a
large one placed over a smaller one with the rams in vertical line, and so arranged
that when the large ram is forced down by water from the accumulator, it will

page_text: force down the smaller ram, intensifying the pressure in the smaller cylinder in
proportion to the difference in the areas of the two rams; it will also be seen that
if high pressure water is applied to the smaller cylinder, water will be forced out
of the larger cylinder at reduced pressure, which I propose to use for the purposes
hereinbefore mentioned.
If intensified water is not required, it may be exhausted from the small cylinder
through a valve, and the rams will then fall by gravity to their lowest position,
permitting the large cylinder to fill with water from any source of supply.
This arrangement is illustrated in Figs. 6 to 10 inclusive.-The valve used in
this apparatus is illustrated in Fig. 6 & 7. The casing C is a casting or forging
having five ports P1, P2, P3, P4, P³, and these ports are connected by means of a
number of holes H, drilled through rings R1, R2, R3, R, R³, the rings R¹, and R³,
have threads cut upon them, and fit into corresponding threads made in the casing,
and they are screwed up against cupped leather rings L', L2, at the same time
compressing the leathers L, L, L.
The valve spindle S, may be made in one or more pieces, and may carry leathers
if desired to stop the passage of water. It is provided with two reduced or
recessed parts VI and V. When V₁ is opposite P₁ and P2, it connects the small
cylinder of intensifier with the accumulator, and when V2 is opposite P³ and P*,
it connects the intensified water in small cylinder with the press through the
pipe H P.
When V2, is opposite P4, and P5, it permits the water in small cylinder to be
exhausted through pipe E X, when this is done the rams in the two cylinders will
fall by gravity to their lowest position, at the same time the top or larger cylinder
will become charged with water through an ordinary back pressure valve C V,
from any source of supply, through pipe W S.
The lever V L, is made to operate the valve spindle S, and may be made of any
convenient length, and stops may be fixed, or other equivalent means employed to
regulate the amount of travel of valve spindle, and to retain it in the desired
positions before described.
Fig. 8, shows the section of valve, (also shown in the Fig. 9.) it is constructed
with three ports, that marked A, to the accumulator, P to the press or main
valve M V, and E W, to economised water.
Two ports are formed in rings R, and R', by drilling a number of holes from the
outside to the centre opening, and the rings are screwed into the casing, compressing
the leathers L and L, as shown to prevent escape of water.
The port P is formed in centre of casing C, and is in connection with the main
valve M V, of press, see Fig. 9. The valve spindle is made in three pieces V S¹,
V S2, V S³; V S₁ & V S³, are screwed into V S2, and secure the leathers L³, LA,
and the centre part V S2, is recessed at O, the handle H, is connected with valve
spindle by joint J', and to a link at J2, the said link being at liberty to work on J³.
In the drawing, the valve spindle as set, shows the port A, (which is in commu-
nication with the accumulator) open, and the port P, also open, which is in
connection with main valve of press or presses. By pushing the valve spindle V S2,
to the opposite end of its stroke, it opens the port E W, which is in communication
with the low pressure or economised water, which can thus pass through port P, to
main valve M'V, which is made to suit the various requirements of presses which
may have one or more cylinders.
It will be seen that two of the valves such as illustrated in Fig. 6, are used in
the second part of my invention in connection with the intensifier, they are shown
in Fig. 9, one being connected with the large cylinder, and the other with the small
cylinder. I also wish it to be understood that the bosses on the valves Figs. 6
& 8, may be moved circumferentially to any position that will open into the annular
grooves, so as to suit the connections.
The economising apparatus with the connected mechanism hereinbefore described
with reference to Figs. 1 to 5, will automatically commence working as soon as low
pressure or economised water is used.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed or carried into practice,
I declare that what I claim is :
:-
1-The improvements in apparatus for economising the use of high pressure
water for hydraulic presses and analogous hydraulic machinery, substantially as
hereinbefore described, and with reference to Figs. 1 to 5 inclusive of the annexed
drawings.
2-The improved method of, and apparatus for economising the use of high
pressure water for hydraulic machinery, to be used in combination with an
intensifier; substantially as herein before described, and with reference to Figs. 6
to 10, inclusive, of the drawings.
3-In combination with mechanism for economising the use of high pressure water
for hydraulic machinery, a valve operated by a trip action, constructed substantially
as hereinbefore described, and illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
UL May
ROBT. F. DRURY, Fel. Inst. P.A.,
Bank Buildings, George Street, Sheffield, Agent for Applicant.