CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SPINDLES AND 'SKEWERS' TO BE EMPLOYED IN SPINNING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES. AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Wray, of the Firm of Joseph Wray and
Brothers, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Spindle Manufac
turer, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD
OF MANUFACTURING SPINDLES AND 'SKEWERS' TO BE EMPLOYED IN SPINNING
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES. AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH."
Sealed the 10th May 1864, and dated the 8th December 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Wray at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th December 1863.
I, JOSEPH WRAY, of the Firm of Joseph Wray and Brothers, of Man-
chester, in the County of Lancaster, Spindle Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD
OF MANUFACTURING SPINDLES AND 'SKEWERS' TO BE EMPLOYED IN SPINNING FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in an improved method of manufacturing such
spindles and "skewers" as are employed in spinning fibrous materials, by the
novel employment and use of a flat-surfaced anvil and hammer connected with
an ordinary forging machine, instead of an anvil and hammer formed like a
"swage," that is, having semicircular indentations or grooves formed on their
striking surface, with which the spindle fits and by which it is formed. The
flat surface of the improved anvil and hammer are not parallel, but inclined to
a required angle, so as to taper the spindle lengthwise, the round form being

page_text: obtained by turning the spindle as it is submitted to the repetition of blows
from the hammer. By this improvement there is less friction produced in the
action of the machine, and a considerable straighter and better shaped spindle
is obtained than by means of the "swage."
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Wray in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
7th June 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
WRAY, of the Firm of Joseph Wray and Brothers, of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Spindle Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Joseph Wray, Her special license that I, the said Joseph Wray, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph
Wray, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SPINDLES AND 'SKEWERS TO BE EMPLOYED IN SPINNING
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEяEWITH," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said Joseph Wray, my executors or admi-
nistrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Wray, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to say) :-
My Invention consists in an improved method of manufacturing such
spindles and "skewers" as are employed in spinning fibrous materials by the

page_text: novel employment and use of a flat-surfaced anvil and hammer connected
with an ordinary forging machine, instead of an anvil and hammer formed
like a "swage," that is, having semicircular indentations or grooves formed on
their striking surface, into which the spindle fits, and by which it is formed.
The flat surfaces of the improved anvil and hammer are not parallel, but
inclined to a required angle, so as to taper the spindle lengthwise, the round
form being obtained by turning the spindle as it is submitted to the repetition
of blows from the hammer. By this improvement there is less friction pro-
duced in the action of the machine, and a considerably straighter and better
shaped spindle is obtained than by means of the "swage."
In order that the Invention may be better understood and explained in
detail, I have hereunto attached a Sheet of Drawings, made about full size.
Fig. 1 represents the anvil and hammer as hitherto employed, in the form
of a "swage" for forging spindles.
Fig. 2 represents an end view, and Fig. 3 a side view of the improved form
of anvil and hammer, the surfaces of which are made partly parallel, as at a,
and partly taper, as at b, so as to form both the cylindrical and the taper part
of the spindle or skewer.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, together with the
method of carrying the same into practical effect, I wish it to be distinctly
understood that I claim the use of a flat-surfaced anvil and hammer, the sur-
faces being formed either taper or parallel, or partly one and partly the other,
in contradistinction to the use of the "swage"-like" form for manufacturing
spindles and skewers employed in spinning fibrous substances, as herein-before
described, set forth, and fully illustrated in the Drawings attached.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Wray, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.