IMPROVED MAGILINDRY FOR WEAVING SEAMLESS GOODs
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Stephen Taylor, of New York, in the United
States of America, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVED
MAGILINDRY FOR WEAVING SEAMLESS GOODs "A communication.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Stephen Taylor
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 8th April 1853.
I, STEPHEN TAYLOR, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR WEAVING SEAMLESS GOODS" to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of seamless bags by
weaving the cloth double, and uniting the cloth at one or both selvages
for a given distance to form the bag, and then, at given distances
apart, weaving the cloth single to unite the two cloths. And to this end
the Invention consists in arranging and combining two series of cams,
one series to work the warps, so as to weave two cloths either united at
one or at both selvages, and the other to interlock or interweave all the
warps to make a single cloth; when this is combined with a shifting
apparatus, to connect at pleasure either series of cams with the treadles

page_text: that operate the harness, and so to produce a single or a double shed,
as may be required. In operating this loom for weaving bags, the best
mode of procedure is to weave at first about one inch of single cloth
by the employment of one set of cams, and thereby to form the closed
end of one bag, and next to weave a length of double cloth sufficient
to form two bags by means of the other set of cams; then, again, to
weave a sufficient length of single cloth for the closed ends of two
bags, and so on to the end. And when the whole piece has thus been
woven, it is cut across in the middle of the lengths of single cloths, to
make the closed ends of the bags, and in the middle of the double
lengths, to make the open ends of the bags.
When it is desired, however, to weave the bags with their lengths in
the direction of the weft, instead of the warp, the double portions of
the cloth must be woven with two selvages at one side, and a closed
selvage at the other; the closed selvage making the bottom or closed
end of the bag, and the double selvage the mouth or open end, the
sides being formed by the alternate strips of single cloth.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Stephen Taylor, in the Great Seal Patent Office,
on the 8th October 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
STEPHEN TAYLOR, of New York, in the United States of America,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the six-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Stephen Taylor, Her special licence
that I, the said Stephen Taylor, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Stephen Taylor, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and

page_text: vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED MA-
CHINERY FOR WEAVING SEAMLESS GOODS," being a communication from
abroad, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Stephen
Taylor, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Stephen Taylor, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the drawing
hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that
is to say):
This Invention, as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent,
relates to the arrangement in a loom of two series of cams, one series
to work the warps, so as to weave two cloths, either united at one or at
both selvages, and the other to interlock or interweave all the warps to
make a single cloth, and to the combination with such cams of a shifting
apparatus, to connect at pleasure either series of cams with the
treadles that operate the harness.
The accompanying drawing represents a loom of the usual construc-
tion for weaving plain cotton cloth, except in the mode of operating
the harness.
Fig. 1, is a plan of the loom. Fig. 2, is a vertical section taken at
the line A, a, of Fig. 1. Fig. 3, is another vertical section taken at
the line B, b, of Fig. 1. Fig. 4, is a face view of the series of cams
for working the harness treadles, to represent the relative positions of
the cam grooves; and Fig. 5, is a vertical section at the line C, c, of
Fig. 1.
.
The same letters, indicate like parts in all the Figures.
The loom is mounted with four leaves of heddles, which are connected
together in the usual manner by means of two sets of levers a, a, a, a,
at top and bottom, and connected with and operated by means of
treadles c, c, c, c, that vibrate on a fulcrum rod
at the back. Each

page_text: treadle is provided with a bowle or roller e, projecting from one side
thereof; and these bowles are received by and work in cam grooves h;
and to keep all the treadles at the same distance apart, their forward
ends work in grooves f, ff, f, in a vertical plate g.
The cam grooves h, for working the treadles are made in the face of
five discs or wheels i, mounted on one and the same shaft j, which
receives the required rotary motion from the crank or lay shaft k, by
means of a cog wheel and pinion 1, and m; the wheel being to the
pinion as four to one, that the lay shaft may make four revolutions to
one of the treadle cam shaft. The two outer discs or wheels i, arc
single, that is, have but one cam groove; whilst the three inner ones are
double, that is, have cam grooves on each face; so that this makes eight
cam grooves, double the number of treadles; and the eight are divided
into two series, the first series being numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, and the
second 5, 6, 7, 8; and the spaces between the discs or wheels are so
great, that when one of the series of cams operates the trea‹lles, the
other series, although on the same shaft, will work clear of them, and
vice versa, for the two series are required at different tinies.
The shifting of the treadles from one series of cams to the other is
effected in the following manner -The fulcrum rod d, of the treadles
slides freely lengthwise on the main frame of the loom, and is connected
by a spring plate p, with a parallel rod o, (see Fig. 5.) which slides in a
hole in the beam p', of the frame. One end of this rod projects
beyond the frame, and is attached to a bar , which slides freely end-
wise in the main frame, and to which the plate g, (in which the treadles
work) is attached, as also the lower set of heddle levers a. In this
way, and by this arrangement, it will be seen that when the bar 1, is
shifted to one side or the other, it shifts the forward end of the
treadles, and by the tension of the spring plate p, draws the fulcrum
rod d, of the treadles in the same direction, which brings the bowles or
rollers on the treadles against the faces of one of the series of cam
groove wheels, until, by the rotation of the said wheels, the cam
grooves permit the bowles or rollers to enter, which they do by the
tension of the spring plate p. In this way the treadles can be shifted
from one of the series of cam grooves to the other at pleasure, and
without, any danger of breaking any part of the machinery. The form

page_text: and relative position of the cam grooves of the series 1, 2, 3, 4, is fully
represented at Fig. 4, where the discs or wheels, instead of being
represented on a shaft, are laid on a plane with two parallel lines,
representing the line of the axis of the shaft.
The cam grooves are so formed that Number 1, keeps its treadle
up during three picks, and down during the fourth pick, there being
four picks for each revolution of the cams; No. 2, keeps its treadle up
during one pick, and down during the fourth pick; No. 3, is the reverse
of No. 1; and No. 4, is the reverse of No. 2: By this arrangement and
alternation it will be seen that the four divisions of the warps operated
by this means will form two cloths united at the selvages, that is, will
weave a continuous cloth; the weft, instead of passing back and forth
with the shuttle, being carried in a continuous circuit, and therefore a
cloth without a selvage is produced. When the required length of
double cloth has been woven, the treadles are shifted to the other
series of cam grooves 5, 6, 7, 8, which are so arranged as to interlock
all the warps, and effect the weaving of a single cloth. Cam groove
No. 5, corresponds with No. 7; and No. 6, with No. 8; and they shift
with every pick, and produce the same effect as if two heddles only
were used, as in the usual way of weaving plain cloth; but as not
less than four heddles will answer the purpose for the double cloth, the
same number must of necessity be used for the single cloth.
In operating this loom for weaving bags, the best mode of pro-
cedure is to weave it first about one inch of single cloth by means of
the cams 5, 6, 7, and 8, to make the closed end of one bag; then to
weave a sufficient length of double cloth for two bags by means of the
cams 1, 2, 3, and 4; and again to weave a sufficient length of single
cloth for the closed ends of two bags, and so on to the end. When the
whole piece has thus been woven, it is to be cut across in the middle of
the lengths of the single cloth which makes the closed ends of the
bags, and in the middle of the double lengths to form the open ends of
the bags.
When it is desired, however, to weave the bags with their lengths in
the direction of the weft instead of the warp, the double portions of
the cloth must be woven with two selvages at one side, and a closed
selvage at the other; the closed selyage making the bottom or closed

page_text: end of the bag, and the double selvage the mouth or open end; the
sides being formed by the alternate strips of single cloth. But for this
purpose the series of cams 1, 2, 3, 4, must be so arranged as to inter-
lock the warps that form the upper cloth during two picks, and then
interchange for the next two picks with the warps that form the under
cloth, and then back and forth for the under cloth, and so on to
the end.
Having now described the Invention, as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent, I wish it to be distinctly understood that I do
not confine myself to the use of the form of cams shewn in the draw-
ing, nor to the shifting of the treadles as described, as these may be
varied without changing the principle of the Invention, it being well
understood that various modes of operating the treadles in the succes-
sion required for the several operations might be adopted; and it being
likewise obvious that instead of shifting the treadles from one series of
cams to the other, the two series of cams might be shifted to the
treadles. But what I claim and desire to secure under the above in
part recited Letters Patent is the arrangement in one loom of the two
series of cams substantially as described, one series for weaving the
cloth double, and the other single, as herein described, in combination
with the shifting of the treadles from one series of cams to the other,
or the equivalent therefor, substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Stephen Taylor, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
STEPHEN TAYLOR. (L.S.)
Witnesses, LEMUEL W. SERRELL,
289, Broadway, New York, U. S.
THOMAS G. HAROLD.