Improvements in Milking Apparatus.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Mar., 1892-Accepted, 2nd July, 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Milking Apparatus.
1, CARL FREDRIK KASTENGREN, of Stureparken 1, Stockholm in the Kingdom
of Sweden Agricultural Manager, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The characteristic features of the present milking apparatus is that the milking
is effected by alternate suction and pressure, the milk being alternately sucked
down into the dug from the udder and pressed out of the dug. During the suction,
the dug is of course not subjected to any pressure. As to the compression of the
dug, this is effected first at the root of the dug and then by degrees downwards,
thus resembling as nearly as possible milking by hand.
This compression is effected by means of two movable plates, which, located one
on each side of the dug, are brought with the same speed towards each other, the
upper parts being brought together first and then the lower parts. The said plates
form a cup enclosing the dug at the root and connected below by means of a tube,
with a vessel which is common to four cups corresponding to the four dugs of the
udder. The vessel is further connected by means of another tube, with the receiver
of a suction and forcing pump.
The four cups with the mechanism serving to operate the plates constitute a
whole, which in the well known manner, by means of braces passing over the back
of the cow is suspended under the udder. The pump and the driving mechanism is
on the other hand supported on wheels and the said pump and driving mechanism
can be made common to several combinations corresponding to the udders, and the
said combinations can be arranged in the wheel frame, in which case the whole will
form a machine which is easy of transport.
In the accompanying drawings:
:―
Figures 1 and 2 represent respectively a longitudinal section and a plan of the
improved apparatus.
Figure 3 shows the said apparatus supported on wheels and,
Figures 4 to 8 represent details of the same.
This
Each of the cups consists of two plates a turned one against the other and
made flexible but rather stiff. In Figure 6 one of the plates is shown in section.
The plates are inserted and fixed in an india rubber shell which at the top
preferably forms a collar & intended to tightly enclose the dug at the root.
collar is indicated in the section in Figure 6. Below the shell is provided with a
bottom, from which a tube C extends to a bottle or vessel D common to all the
four cups. The motion of the plates a is effected by means of four sliding bars E E¹
and FF; which are guided in the two posts G G¹, which are connected one with
another by means of the two rods H H. The sliding bars are provided with cross
pieces, viz., two on the slide E two on the slide E, two b' on the
slide and two on the slide F. Of these cross pieces two 3, are at the
ends connected with each other by means of plates cand c' and in the same way
two other cross pieces are connected with each other by means of the plates c² c³.
The plates c c are located opposite one another and between them is fixed a shell.
In the same way a shell is fixed between the plates c c and shells are fixed
between the plates c c and c c', which in the same way as the above mentioned
plates unite the other cross pieces of the slides one with another. The shells will
thus be four in number corresponding to the four dugs each being located between
two plates. The cross pieces 62 13.... are however not united firmly with the
plates cc....c' there being a spring fixed between the plate and the cross piece.
From the post G there project further four arms, two upper ones d d¹ and two

page_text: 1
lower ones d³ ³ which at the ends are mutually connected by means of an end
piece provided with bearings for a screw worm do. The screw worm gears with
a worm wheel,d the shaft of which is journalled in the cross pieces d d con-
necting respectively the arms d d and d³. Other cross pieces f¹ adapted in
the same way as the above d' d' are movable on their respective arins and provided
with pins ff entering into slots in the top and the under side of the worm
wheel. The slides E Fare fixed at the cross pieces ff. but the slides E F
constitute racks, gearing with toothed wheels having their bearings in con-
necting pieces extending between the end piece and the cross pieces ds do
these pieces constituting likewise guides for the racks. The toothed wheels gg
gear likewise with other racks projecting from the respective cross pieces f
those racks being provided with slots for the shaft of the worm wheel. In the
rotary motion of the screw d and consequently that of the wheel d', the cross
pieces are put into a reciprocating motion owing to the slot in the side of
the wheel being partly excentric and partly concentric with relation to the shaft
of the wheel. The cross piece for drives the toothed wheel which in its turn
acts upon the rack on the opposite side of the wheel. The toothed wheel being
located between the racks gearing with the same, the latter will move in opposite
directions, when the wheel is rotating. The slides E E and F F¹ have thus all an
alternate motion, but the two first mentioned in opposite directions with relation to
each other, and in the same way the latter ones FF. In this way the opening of
the cups is effected so as to render them almost tubular, and then their compression,
which is repeated so long as the screw dis rotating. The slots on the both sides of
the wheel d have such a shape and are so located with relation to each other, that
the slides E E' move towards each other while the slides F F are at rest and
in this way the plates in each shell will approach each other at the upper ends
(Figure 6). The slides F F then move towards each other, while the slides E E'
are at rest and in this way the plates will approach each other by degrees down-
wards. The upper as well as the lower slides then move in directions opposite to
those just mentioned, and in this way the plates will move away from each other
parallel with themselves after which they again approach each other at the top, and
So 011. It is evident that the dug enclosed by the plates will by the described
'motion of the latter be pressed together at the top (Figure 6) and then by degrees
downwards while the pressure at the top is maintained after which the cup is
widened (Figure 4), so that, the dug is filled with milk. The forcing of the milk
out of the dug thus resembles milking by hand, the favourable effect of the plates
depending also upon the fact that the two plates move equally when approaching
each other. It has been found that, if as hitherto customary, a movable part is
used only at the one side of the dug, which movable part presses the dug against a
fixed shoulder the said dug is extended more at that side which is turned towards
'the movable part, whereby the point of the dug is turned side-ways towards the
fixed part, the escape of the milk being thus prevented.
The screw d is put into a rotatory motion by means of toothed gearing (Figure 3)
located in the wheel frame and from which projects a flexible shaft L coupled with
'the screw.
The toothed gearing can conveniently consist of a larger toothed
wheel gearing with as many pinions n as there are screws de (a number of com-
binations corresponding to the number of udders), flexible shafts projecting from
the pinions to the respective screws. The shaft L is coupled with the screw at LI
in such a way that the screw may be easily disconnected from the shaft. As stated
above the cross pieces 6263.6 are not firmly united with the plates c c.... c
there being a spring located between the cross piece and the plate, in order
that the described motion of the shell may give a yielding pressure. In lieu of
using the springs h, the slides E F may themselves be elastic for instance by
the slide being made of two telescopic parts which may be pushed into or drawn
out of each other, while a spiral spring is arranged to give a certain resistance.
The spring may then conveniently be located immediately outside the post G¹.
For the sake of obtaining a good bracing the foremost two cups are united with

page_text: each other by means of a rod h' fixed to the plates c c and in the same way the.
two hindmost cups are united with each other by means of a rod . Further
every cup is so fixed between the two plates, that it may easily be removed. The
gearing mechanism (the parts d g³) located outside of the post G' is conveniently
surrounded by a protecting cover.
The pump which may be of any ordinary construction is as stated, located in the
wheel frame at M. The said pump which may evidently be arranged in many
different ways, is provided with receivers N N corresponding to the bottles D..
Between the bottle and the receiver there is a tube O and from the receiver extends
another tube P. At the respective inlets of the tubes in the receivers are arranged
valves of which that appertaining to the tube O is so arranged that it opens during
the suction of the pump and the other closes, while the fatter valve opens when
the pump is forcing, whereby the first mentioned valve closes.
As both the pump
and the gearing are driven by the same driving mechanism the pump and the
cups can by means of the coupling between the screw and the flexible shaft be
adjusted to work alternately, that is so, that the pump is exerting suction when the
cup is widening but forcing when the cup is pressed together. The forcing of
the pump has for the purpose to force out the quantity of milk drawn into the
receiver by the same." In order to easily control the reciprocal action just
mentioned between the pump and the cup there is a small hand wheel I fixed
on the screw ; by means of this wheel the screw is turned while the shaft is..
disconnected. The coupling and disconnecting of the shaft is effected by turning
the small handle k. From the tube P the milks flows down into a receptacle.
The motion is transferred to the pump in any known manner, for instance by
means of a lever, an eccentric or the like. At the ends of the rod H or at the
posts GG there is fixed a frame n provided with buttons for fastening the straps
intended for supporting the apparatus under the udder. The flexible shafts, which
as usually consist of steel wire spirals, are surrounded with india rubber tubes. It.
is evident, that the mechanism imparting to the cups or plates a their characteristic
motion can be made in many different ways, therefore the latter is only of a secondary
importance, while the plates and the reciprocal action between the plates and the
pump is the principal. The plates may either be united at the edges so as to
form the walls of the cup or they may also be fixed in a shell, as shown by the
drawing. They may also be fixed outside on a particular shell, or lastly they may
enclose a particular shell.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
First. A milking apparatus by which the milk is alternately drawn down into the
dug from the udder and forced out of the same by means of two movable plates (a a)
brought up against the udder, so as to enclose the dug and arranged so as to be
brought simultaneously against each other first at the root of the dug and then
downward, and then separated, and the latter by means of a pump, communicating
with a cup tightly enclosing the dug at the top, and united below with a tube, the
sides of this cup either consisting of the plates or having the plates fixed to them.
Second. In the milking apparatus above described an arrangement for imparting
motion to the plates, consisting of two pairs of slides (E E and F F¹) of which
those forming a pair have an alternate motion and of cross pieces and plates fixed
to the slides and uniting the cross piece located one above another and fixed to
those of the slides which move simultaneously in the same direction, and between
which plates the cups are fixed.
Third. In the arrangement above described an arrangement for moving the slides
consisting of a worm wheel, placed between the pair of slides and provided on each
side with an eccentric slot into which engages a pin of one of the slides of each
pair and with which worm wheel a screw worm gears, which by means of a flexible

page_text: shaft is connected with a toothed gearing or such like, and further consisting of a
toothed wheel located between the slides formed with racks in each pair.
Fourth. In the milking apparatus above indicated the arrangement of receivers
and a pump, one receiver for every four cups corresponding to the dugs of the
udder, each of which receivers communicates by means of a tube with a vessel, to
which tubes lead from the cups while another tube leads from the receiver so that
the suction, effected by means of the pump, and alternating with the compression of
the dugs may act upon all the dugs of the udder.
Dated this 22nd day of March 1892.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.