IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN WASHING AND FINISHING TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Crossley and James William Crossley, of
Halifax, in the County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN WASHING AND FINISHING TEXTILE
FABRICS."
Sealed the 13th January 1863, and dated the 14th July 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Crossley and
James William Crossley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 14th July 1862.
i
We, CHARLES CROSSLEY and JAMES WILLIAM CROSSLEY, of Halifax. in the
County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN WASHING AND FINISHING
TEXTILE FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to a method of charging and discharging
washing and other machines with fabrics, also in separating double or triple
draughts of fabrics that have been run together in dyeing or other vessels,
which separating has heretofore been done by hand. Our improvements
consist in passing the fabrics or pieces through a "heck" or frame, and over
rollers or winches at an elevation, by which means we undo the twist and
To that
separate the draughts or the pieces, and thereby economise labour.
class of washing machines commonly called "dolly," we connect or adapt. a
cutler and a separating apparatus, by this adaptation we can charge and
discharge all the separate draughts of fabrics at one time. The goods when
separated we pass over a winch or roller at an elvation so high that the
[Price 8d.1

page_text: twines are easily turned out, and the fabric or piece readily opened breadth-
wise by a boy, or with guides so placed that the fabric will be distended or
opened by coming in contact therewith. We also apply this part of our
improvements to machines called open washing machines, and other machines
used by dyers, printers, or finishers.
Secondly, our Invention relates to machines employed in the mangling or
calendering and watering of fabrics, and consists in using three rollers arranged
in such manner that the goods to be acted upon may be placed on and around
the centre one, and pressure given thereto by levers or screws. The improve-
ments also consist in applying a reversing motion for driving the said mangling
rollers, so that they will be alternately driven. in opposite directions, and
thereby producing the effect or finish commonly called mangling. In some
cases we double the fabric or piece end to end, and run along therewith
around the roller an equal length of paper, which gives to the back of the
fabric or piece a glassy finish, the inner surfaces being watered by contact
with each other; and in other cases we run paper along with the fabric
betwixt each lap or coil.
We also for some kinds of fabrics heat the rollers by steam or other heating
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Crossley and James William Crossley in the. Great
Seal Patent Oflice on the 14th January 1863.
TO ALL TO, WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, CHARLES
CROSSLEY and JAMES WILLIAM CROSSLEY, of Halifax, in the County of York,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her, most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Charles Crossley and James Williamı Crossley, Her special licence
that we, the said. Charles Crossley and James William Crossley, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Charles Crossley
and James William Crossley, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend within the United Kingdom of Great

page_text: Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN WASHING AND FINISHING
TEXTILE FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we,. the said
Charles Crossley and James William Crossley, our executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of our or their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature. of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months.
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent,
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Charles Crossley and James. William
Crossley, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and aṣcer-
tained in and by the following statement (that is to say):-
:―
This Invention relates, firstly, to a method of charging and discharging
washing and other machines with fabrics, also in separating double or triple
draughts of fabrics that have been run together in dyeing or other vessels,
which separating has heretofore been done by hand. Our improvements
consist in pasing the fabrics or pieces through a "heck" or frame, and over
rollers or winches at an elevation, by which means we undo the twist and
separate the draughts or the pieces, and thereby economize labour. To, that
class of washing machine commonly called "dolly," we connect or adapt a
cutler and a separating apparatus, by this adaptation we can charge and
discharge all the separate draughts of fabrics at one time. The goods when
separated' we pass over a winch or roller at an elevation so high that the
Lwines are easily turned out and the fabric or piece readily opened. We also
apply this part of our improvements to machines called open washing machines
and other machines used by dyers, printers, or finishers.
Secondly, our improvements relate to machines employed in the mangling
or calendering and -watering of fabrics, and consists in using three rollers
arranged in such manner that the goods to be acted upon may be placed on
and around the centre one, and pressure given thereto by levers or screws..
The improvements also consist in applying a reversing motion for driving the
said mangling rollers, so that they will be alternately driven in opposite
directions, thereby producing the effect or finish commonly called mangling.
In some cases we double the fabric or piece end to end, and run along there-
with around the roller an equal length of paper which gives to the back of
the fabric or piece a glossy finish, the inner surfaces being watered by contact
with each other; and in other cases we run paper along with the fabric
betwixt each.lan-or coil.

page_text: We also for some kinds of fabrics heat the rollers by steam or other
heating media.
These improvements will be readily understood by reference to the accom-
panying Sheet of Drawings, in which Fig. 1 represents a side elevation of a
washing machine commonly called a "dolly," to which we have adapted or
applied our improvements; Fig. 2 is an end elevation of the "heck," and a
roller or winch with frame or hangers for supporting the same, which are to
be fixed to the top of the room, or at a suitable or sufficiently elevated
position; and Fig. 3 is a plan of the same.
A is the "heck," which is composed of a series of round staves a placed
between two rails a¹, leaving or forming spaces a, through which the several
draughts or pieces of fabrics pass to and over the roller or winch B. Fig. 4
is another winch supported in hangers to be fixed in any suitable position
above the dolly for conducting the fabrics to and betwixt the rollers of the
dolly, as shewn by dotted lines C.
-
The construction and operation of this kind of washing machine being very
well known needs no description here.
Fig. 5 is the "cutler" or folding apparatus, which is also well understood.
To the lower part of the hanger, Fig. 4. is a pulley D mounted on a stud,
which pulley receives motion by a strap from another pulley fixed on the shaft
end of the top roller of the dolley, and in one of the arms of this pulley D is a
stud, to which is attached a rod connecting to the arm E of the cutler for
giving oscilatory motion thereto, so that when the fabrics are taken out of the
dolly they will pass over and betwixt the rollers of the cutler, and be folded
on to a horsetrec F in the manner shewn by dotted lines C'; or they may
be allowed to fall into a box or coach G, which is capable of turning on a
central spindle or pivot, as shewn at Fig. 6, from which coach they pass in
contact with a right and left hand threaded roller or brush I, and thence over
a roller H, which are suspended at a considerable clevation above the coach,
where by coming into contact with this spiral roller or brush, which rotates in
a contrary direction to the travel of the fabrics, the twines of the said fabrics
can be casily removed or opened, or the fabrics spread out. The spiral roller
and spiral brush are shewn at Figs. 7 and 8. This part of our improvements
may be applied or adapted to any of the machines used by dyers, printers,
finishers, or others, as shewn at Fig. 9, which is an elevation of what is
commonly called an open washing machine, through which the fabrics
will pass and be folded or cutled by the cutler, as shewn by dotted
lines K.
It will now be seen that a number of draughts, pieces, or fabrics, which

page_text: have previously been run through a dyeing or other vessel together, and
thereby entwined with each other, may be separated by means of this appa-
ratus, as shewn at Figs. 2 and 3. Also in some cases it is required to separate
the draughts without passing them into any machine; in such cases we simply
apply a pulley to the winch B, and a pressing roller above with a strap from
any shaft to drive the same, when the fabrics may be folded as previously
shewn upon a horsetree or otherwise fall into boxes or coaches. And also it
will be seen that fabrics can be opened or spread out before entering another
vessel or process, and folded or cutled by mechanical means or apparatus; by
which improvements a great saving is effected in time and labour, and
consequently in the cost thereof.
Figs. 10 and 11 are end and side elevations of our improvements in mangling
machines.
:
L. M, and N. are three hollow metal rollers which are placed one above
another in suitable framing O, and pressed by levers and weights P in the
usual manner, or springs may be used for the purpose. A mangle wheel R
is fixed on the lower roller with a pinion wheel S gearing therein, and fixed
on a shaft T, which extends across the machine. On the other end of this'
shaft T is a spur wheel U, gearing with a pinion V, on a shaft W, on which
shaft are the driving pullies X.
The mangle wheel is so constructed that by having loose or portable pins or
cogs r and end guides, which can be bolted thereto at any of the pin holes.
the rollers will rolate alternately in opposite directions, and the length of
rotation of the rollers in one direction may be regulated to suit circumstances
as may be required.
Inverted spur wheels or three bevel wheels with catch box may be arranged
and adapted to such mangles for producing reversible or alternate motion,
thereto, but we prefer the mangle wheel motion as herein shewn.
Having thus fully described the nature of our said Invention and the
manner in which the same is or may be performed or carried into practical
operation, we would have it understood that we do not confine ourselves to
the precise details of construction and arrangement of the several parts or
methods of application thereof, but what we claim is,-
Firstly, the application and use of a heck or frame with separate
openings for separating the draughts, pieces, or fabrics which have been run
or passed through any dyeing or other similar vessel together, as explained
herein.
Secondly, the application to dollys of apparatus for folding or cutling fabrics
Las delivered therefrom.

page_text: "Thirdly, the method of taking out or removing the twines from fabrics
by mechanical means, as herein shewn, or by other mechanical equivalents.
Fourthly, the employment of three rollers for mangling fabrics in com-
bination with a self-acting reversing motion, as herein shewn and explained,
or other self-acting mechanical means capable of producing alternate rotary
motion.
Fifthly, the constructing mangle wheels with portable teeth or pins and
end guides, so as to be capable of being set or adjusted for producing any
desirable amount or distance of travel in one direction as herein described and
illustrated by Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Crossley, for and on behalf of
myself and the said James William Crossley, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twelfth day of January, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-three.
Signed, sealed and delivered by the
above-named Charles Crossley in
the presence of
WM. TASKER,
CHARLES CROSSLEY. (L.S.)
Patent Agent,
Halifax: