Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Dec., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 19th Aug., 1898-Accepted, 22nd Oct., 1898
I, EUGENE BRILL, of 106, Rue do Rennes, Paris, in the Republic of France,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates especially to motors which have cylinders each working
on what is known as the four cycle system and connected together in such a manner
as to obtain a working stroke for overy revolution.
The improvements consist in the general arrangement of the pistons and connecting
rods so as to prevent disturbances by the inertia of the parts when the engine is in
motion and in an arrangement of pump whoreby the burnt gases are cleared out
and air supplied for mixing with and pulverizing the oil when a liquid hydrocarbon
is employed.
In an engine arranged according to this invention pairs of cylinders are arranged
Bo that the cylinders of each pair are in line with each othor tho pistons of each
pair moving in opposite directions. For convenience of description I will presume
tho engine to be arranged vortically. The pistons of the lower cylinders of each
pair drive the shaft direct by means of connecting rods working on a crank on the
said shaft and the pistons of the other two cylinders drive the shaft indirectly by
means of a swivelling cross head connected to the two pistons and having
its enda connected by links or pitmen to two cranks set at 180° to the preceding
oneg.
The radius or throw of the crank to which the lower pistons are connected
is greater than that of the other oranks to compensate for the extra weight presented
by the indirect connection of the pistons with the shaft.
The inlets for the combustible mixture to and for the oxhaust of the
burnt gases from the cylinders are situated between the cylinders of each
pair.
The inlet valves communicate with a chamber in which opens a valve for the
inlet of air, a passage conveying the gas or oil and a passage opening into an air
pump also leading into this same chamber.
All the valves are operated by cams mounted on counter shafts which rotate so
as to operate the valves at the requisite times.
.1
The air pump cylinder is set at or about an angle of 45° to the working
cylinders, its piston being driven by a connecting rod from the crank of the motor
shaft.
Into the said air pump cylinder opens the air passage already referred to, which
at the proper time is closed by the piston of the air pump. Into the said cylinder
also opens au orifice which at a given momont can be placed in communication
with the interior of the cylindor by a passage formed in the said piston of the air
pamp.
The said cylinder is also provided with an inlet or supply valve for air, the said
orifice being connected with a pipe leading in the case of an oil motor to a petroleumn
pulverizer for supplying air to and pulverizing the charge,

page_text: As the motor shaft rotates, the lower pistons are moved in the opposite direction
to the upper pistons and the latter have a higher speed than the former by reason
of the difference in the throw of the cranks and therefore the strains due to inortia
from the upper pistons and links or pitmen aro compensated for. The explosions
take place alternately between each pair of pistons so as to cause a working impulse
for every revolution.
The piston of the air pump draws in at every revolution a certain quantity of air
while at the same time a valve shuts off communication with the atmosphere. At
this moment exhaust takos placo in ono or the other oylinder (while there is com-
pression in-the other). The valve of the cylinder which is exhausting is raised by
its can allowing a free passage for the air which expels the gases contained between
the two pistons.
.
At the close of the period of exhaust, that is to say, at the end of the converging
of the pistous, the piston of the air cylinder continuing its course stops tho passago
of air to clear out tho exhaust and then compresses the air which at the proper time
passes by a passage through the piston to mix with the gas or oil so that tho
explosive inixture enters the chamber between the inlet valves to the combustion
chambers just as one of the cylinders starts drawing in a charge.
If the use of a jet of air is not required in such a motor, as for example in a gas
motor, the passages and valves therefor may be dispensed with; the air pump piston
after closing the orifice through which the air for clearing out the exhaust passed
compressing air in the cylinder so that its expansion will afterwards restore to the
piston the energy which was expended in its compression.
The pump cylinder may be placed in any position relatively to the working
cylinders provided it is driven by a crank set at a suitablo angle to the driving or
motor cranks.
Desemba 100
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents,
Improvements in Explosion Motors.
I, EUGÈNE BRILLIE, of 106, Rue de Reunes, Paris, in the Republic of France,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
This invention relates especially to oxplosion motors which have cylinders each
working on what is known as the four oycle system and proferably connected
together in such a manner as to obtain a working stroke for each revolution.
The improvements consist in the goneral arrangement of the pistons and
connecting rods and cranks on the crank shaft so as to prevent disturbances by
the inertia of the parts when the engine is in motion. I thus equipoise the engine,
that is I prevent all those disturbances or irregularities which result from the
inertia of the parts in motion and I obtain such a distribution of the working
stresses as to reduce wear and tear and improve the working of the engine.
In order that my invention may be well understood I will describe it with
reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figs. 1 and 2 are vertical sections at right angles to each other through the axes
of the cylinders of a four-cycle explosion motor with two compound oylindors for
producing in the engine one driving impulse per rovolution..

page_text: Fig. 3 is a vertical section of a motor with one cylinder and two pistons.
In Figs. 1 and 2, 1 and 2 are the two cylinders and 5 and 6 are the pistons
which actuate the crank shaft 12-16 by direct connecting-rods 7 aud 8 acting
upon the crank 14 (having the radius R); 3 aud 4 are the pistons, which act upon
the cranks 18 and 15 (having the radius r) through the intermediary of a cross-
hend 11 pivotally secured to the interior of the pistons 3 and 4, and of the
connecting rods 9 and 10.
Irregularities of motion of the parts are proveuted by making the radius R
greator than the radius r.
The stresses of inertia of the parts, constituting the direct gear, have the
tendency to equipoise those of the indirect gear; but, the direct gear comprises
two pistons with short connecting rods, whilst the indirect gear comprisos two
pistons with long connecting rods and a cross-head, tho total bulk of which is
greater than that of the direct gear. As the stresses of inertia are proportional
to the product of the bulk, divided by tho square of the spood, I, in order to obtain
proper equipoise, increase the speed of the parts of the direct gear by giving the
corresponding crank a larger radius (R) than that (7) of the cranks which aro
acted upon by the indirect gear.
Suppose m to reprosent the bulk and V the speed of the parts which constitute
the direct gear, and M and v to represent the corresponding attributes of the indirect
gear there is obtained the following double rolation:
we will now examine, now the stresses, resulting from the pressure upon the
pistons, are distributed :
Let the pressure in one of the two cylinders for instance No. 1, bo considored.
The pistons 4 and 5 of equal diameter are subjected to equal stresses. The stress
from the piston 5 is directly transmitted to the crank 14 of the shaft. The stress
from the piston 3 transmitted to the cranks 18 and 15 by connecting rods 9 and 10
is divided into two components, the relation of which is inversely proportional to
the length of the lever-arms of the oross-head 11, their value being such that they
equipoise the stress exerted by the connecting rod 7 upon the crank 14.
Under these conditions tho reactions upon the shaft bearings counteract each
other, and the strain upon the frame is small as also is that upon the cylinder
joints, which have not to bear any more than the stresses resulting from the
obliquity of the connecting rods; all the stresses, resulting from the explosion are
concentrated upon the heads of the connecting rods, which are so arranged ns to
turn in an oil bath, as indicated in the drawing.
The parallelism of displacement of the oross-head is ensured by the parallel
displacement of the cranks 13 and 15.
The same equipoising device is also applicable in the case of one single cylinder,
as is shewn in Fig. 3.
In the examples illustrated, the cylinders are vertical and secured by bolts to
the crank-chamber, presenting no other openings than those serving for the passage
of the connecting-rods and enclosing the whole distributing gear, but it will be
evident that I do not limit myself to the position and details of the parts shewn.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. Equipoising the moving parts of explosion engines by the use of cranks of
different radii, substantially as heroinbefore described and represented in the
accompanying drawings.
2. Actuating a three-cranked shaft by means of two cylinders, each operating
on the four-cycle system, and being of the compound type, as hereinbefore
described, so as to obtain an equipoise as herein before explained and one driving
impulse per revolution.
3. The arrangements and combinations of parts as herein before described and
shewn in Figs. 1 and 2 and in Fig. 3 of the accompanying drawings.
1000
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.