IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR FORGING OR WORKING IRON AND. ARTED MAMAT
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for
the Invention of "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR FORGING OR WORKING IRON AND.
ARTED MAMAT"
A communication
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th August 1856.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR FORGING OR WORKING
IRON AND OTHER METALS," to be as follows:-
The improved machinery for forging or working iron and other metals
consists in the arranging and method of applying the hammers used in the
machine; also in the manner or method of constructing the anvil so as to have
a face which forms the interior of an angle, and the mode of. combining the
anvil with the hammers, so that they may operate at an angle to each other;
also in the arrangement of a moveable carriage or rest to remove the piece of
metal away from one side of the angular face and against the other, as required,
by the alternate strokes of the hammer.
The frame of the machine is made of cast iron of suitable size and form
for the purposes required. On this frame s arranged the anvil, whose face

page_text: forms the interior of a right angle, that is, one face forms the horizontal face
or side of the angle, and the other face the vertical face, or other side of it.
There are two hammer shafts, one of which is arranged vertically, and the
other horizontally, in such a way as to be at right angles to each other.
The vertical shaft receives rotary motion by means of a pair of bevil wheels
from a horizontal driving shaft, and the horizontal shaft receives its motion at
the same speed from the driving shaft through a train of spur gearing. The
other hammer shafts have attached to their contiguous ends discs to which the
hammers are respectively attached, so that the one hammer strikes against the
horizontal face of the anvil and the other hammer against the vertical face.
A spring is applied to the hammer near its pivot to prevent its swinging too
loosely, but during its revolution its centrifugal force will throw it into contact
with the stop in front of it.
The attachment of the hammer, as described, not only prevents any recoil
being thrown on the machinery, and allows it to be drawn off the anvil, after
every blow to enable its revolution to continue to repeat the blow, but
produces, as it were, a drawing blow, such as in drawing out light work is very
desirable, and is given by the operator in forging metal by hand. Both the
hammers are arranged and operated in the same way, and they are so
arranged relatively to each other that they alternately strike at regular
intervals.
In order to give a fair blow, it is necessary that when the top hammer
strikes, the piece of metal being forged should be in contact with the bottom
face of the anvil, but removed from the vertical or side face of the anvil, and
when the side hammer strikes it should be in contact with the side face, but
removed from the bottom face. The carriage or rest employed to carry the
bar or piece of metal, and give it this movement, consists of a strong lever
working on a fixed fulcrum in front of the machine, and connected by a.con-
necting rod with a crank on a shaft, which receives motion at the same speed
as the hammer shafts by bevil gearing. This lever of the carriage has a hole
or recess through which the bar or piece to be forged is inserted, and in
which it rests; and the position of the hole or recess is such, that when. the
lever is raised, by the upstroke of the crank the piece to be forged is raised
from the bottom face and thrown against the side face of the anvil, but when
the lever is lowered, the piece is taken away from the side face, and thrown:
against the bottom face of the anvil. A proper arrangement of the cranks
causes the movement to be effected with proper relation to the strokes of the
hammer.

page_text: {
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 16th February 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
: WHEREAS. Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Edward Newton, Her special license that I, the said William
Edward Newtori, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR FORGING OR WORKING IRON AND OTHER
METALS," being a communication from abroad, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said William Edward Newton, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to
the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
This Invention of "Improved Machinery for Forging or Working Iron and
other Metals is described by my foreign correspondent as consisting in the
arranging and method of applying the hammers used in forging; also in the
manner or method of constructing the anvil so as to have a face which forms
the interior of an angle, and in the mode of combining the anvil with the
hammers, so that they may operate at an angle to each other; also in the
arrangement of a moveable carriage or rest to remove the piece of metal away
from one side of the angular face and against the other, as required, by the
alternate strokes of the hammer.

page_text: In order, however, that the Invention may be more perfectly understood, I
have shewn in the accompanying Drawings various views of the improved
forging machinery. The same letters of reference, wherever they occur on the
several Figures, refer to like parts.
Fig. 1 is a front view of the machine; Fig. 2 is a transverse vertical
section; Fig. 3 is a plan of the same; Fig. 4 is a front view of the anvil
detached from the machine. A, is the frame of the machine, made of cast
iron, of suitable size and form for the purposes required. On this frame is
arranged the anvil B,. the face of which forms the interior of a right angle,
that is, the face a² forms the horizontal face, or side of the angle, and the face
the vertical face, or side of it. C and C' are two hammer shafts, one of
which C is mounted vertically, and the other C'horizontally, in such a way
as to be at right angles to each other. The vertical shaft C receives rotary.
motion by means of a pair of bevil wheels d', ds, from a horizontal driving
shaft D, and the horizontal shaft C¹ receives its motion at the same speed
from the driving shaft D through a train of spur gearing e, f, g.. The shafts
C and C' have attached to their contiguous ends discs E and E', to which the
hammers F and F are respectively attached, so that the hammer. F strikes
against the horizontal face a² of the anvil, and the hammer F against the
vertical face . These hanımers respectively are secured or attached to the
discs E and E' by pivots h³, but are so limited in their motion on the pivots
by stops j and k, (Fig. 2), secured to the discs, one in front of the hammer and
the other behind it, as to allow only sufficient motion in the hammers to draw
back lengthwise from the anvil by the continued revolution of the discs E and
E after the blow has been struck. In order thus to draw back the hammer
from the anvil, its position must be such, that if a line along the face were
drawn to meet a line drawn from the axis of the hammer shafts through the
pivot h², the two lines would form nearly a right angle, as shewn in Fig. 2, in
blue color, where the top hammer is shewn as just having struck the blow,
and commencing to be drawn back from the rod of iron on the anvil, and the
relative positions of the hammer shafts and the anvil are such as to admit of
this arrangement of the hammers. The movement of the hammer upon the
pvot, also prevents the force of its recoil being thrown on its disc and shaft.
A spring is applied to the hammer near its pivot, as shown in. dotted
lines in Fig. 2. This spring will prevent its swinging. too loosely, but
during its revolution the centrifugal force will throw the hammer into contact
with the stop in front of it.
The attachment of the hammer, as described, not only prevents any recoil
being thrown on the machinery, and allows it to be drawn off the anvil after

page_text: every blow to enable its revolution to continue to repeat the blow, but pro-
duces as it were a drawing blow, such as in drawing out light work is very
desirable, and is given by the operator in forging metal by hand. Both the
hammers are arranged and operated in the same way, and they are so
arranged relatively to each other that they strike alternately and at regular
intervals..
In order to give a fair blow, it is necessary that when the top hammer F
strikes the piece of metal, the latter, while being forged should be in contact
with the bottom face a, but removed from the vertical or side face of the
anvil ; and when the side hammer F¹ strikes, it should be in contact with
the vertical face , but removed from the bottom face a³. The carriage or
rest employed to carry the bar or piece of metal and give it this movement
consists of a strong lever G, working on a fixed fulcrum in front of the
machine, and connected by a connecting rod II with a crank on a shaft I,
which receives motion at the same speed as the hammer shafts C and C¹ by
bevil gearing d¹ and d from the shaft C'. This lever has a hole or recess n,
through which the bar or piece n² to be forged is inserted, and in which it
rests; and the position of the hole or recess is such, that when the lever is
raised by the upstroke of the crank the piece n² is raised from the bottom
face a³ and thrown against the vertical face 6, where it is shown in black
outline in Fig. 1; but when the lever is lowered, the piece is taken away from
the side face and thrown against the bottom face a³, where it is shewn in
red outline in Figs. 1 and 3. A proper arrangement of the crank causes the
movement to be effected with proper relation to the strokes of the hammer.
Instead of the discs E and E', cranks may be used to hold and operate the
hammers.
Ilaving now described the Invention of improved machinery for forging or
working iron or other metals, which has been communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent, as aforesaid, what I claim, as the Invention secured to
me by Letters Patent as aforesaid, is,―
First, the use of the hammers, in combination with revolving discs or
cranks, for the purpose of working the hammers at right angles to each other,
as above described.
Second, the use of stops, as shown at j and k, in combination with the
discs and hammers, as a means of limiting or controlling their action while
forging the metal.
Third, I claim the use of the anvil having faces forming the interior of a
right angle for the purposes herein-before set forth; and also the combination
of the same with the two hammers, as hercin-before described.

page_text: Fourth, I also claim the use of the moveable carriage in combination with
the two-faced anvil, for the purposes herein-before set forth.
Fifth, I also claim the combination of all the operating parts of the
machine as one entire combination and arrangement for the purpose of making
a complete working machine, or the use of the combination of analogous or
like parts of those herein-before described, for the purpose of working or
forging metal.
: In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Tenth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,.
66, Chancery Lane.
W. E. NEWTON. (LS.)