Improvements in Apparatus for Storing, Conveying, and Applying Developing and other Chemicals required or Suitable for the t
Year: 1884

page_text: Improvements in Apparatus for Storing, Conveying, and Applying
Developing and other Chemicals required or Suitable for the
t
I GEORGE DUNCAN MACDOUGALD of Dundee in the County of Forfar North
Britain Chemist seek leave to amend the Specification of Letters Patent, No. 416
of 1884, as shown in red ink in the copy of the original Specification hereunto
annexed-by inserting in line 13 of page 2 of the blue book the words "by the
fingers" and in line 22 of the said page 2 of the said blue book the words
sufficiently to allow of the Vessel being broken by the fingers" and on the said
page 2 of the said blue book by striking out the paragraph commencing at line 28
with the words "Another convenient form" and ending at line 32 with the words
"releasing the chemicals" and also in line 46 correcting the word soluble by
adding the syllable "in" and also by inserting in line 13 of page 3 of the said
blue book after the word "Invention" the following words "but I wish it to be
understood that I do not claim as of my Invention or a modification thereof
ordinary sealed vessels without projecting tubes or without weakening incisions
and I also seek leave to amend the Drawing annexed to the said blue book by
eliminating therefrom Fig 3.
"
My reasons for making this amendment are as follows that the said Patent
may be kept quite distinct from the ordinary tubes of commerce which are without
projecting tubes or incisions.

page_text: In the matter of the application for Letters Patent made by George Duncan
Macdougald for an Invention of "Improvements in Apparatus for Storing,
Conveying and Applying Developing and other Chemicals required or Suitable for
the Production of Photographic Pictures." Dated 2nd January 1884 N° 416.
I hereby grant leave to the said George Duncan Macdougald to amend the 5
Specification accompanying his said application in the manner proposed.
H. READER LACK,
Comptroller-General.

page_text: I GEORGE DUNCAN MACDOUGALD of Dundee in the County of Forfar, North
Britain, Chemist do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR STORING CONVEYING AND APPLYING DEVELOPING AND OTHER
CHEMICALS REQUIRED OR SUITABLE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PHOTOGRAPHIC
PICTURES and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of my invention is to enable a photographic operator to produce in a
rapid and convenient manner a developing or other chemical solution of adjusted
strength and at the same time to preserve in a more efficient manner the chemical
reagents used.
In carrying the same into effect, according to one part of my invention, I
construct envelopes or vessels made either of glass, paper, gelatine, gum arabic, or
a compound of gum arabic and gelatine, or other suitable material, according as I
wish to preserve the chemicals in a wet or dry condition, and having one or more
spaces inside in which are placed adjusted quantities of chemical reagents in a
solid or liquid state. The envelopes or vessels are constructed in such a manner,
herein after described, as shall preserve the chemical or chemicals, and at the same
time enable the operator at will, to discharge their contents, in order to form an
adjusted photographic chemical solution.
ΟΙ
According to the second part of my invention and with the same object in view,
I impregnate pieces of bibulous material such as asbestos, ordinary cloth, felt,
bibulous paper or such other substances as are porous in their nature
construction or other material with adjusted quantities of chemical reagents, and
afterwards I dry these pieces completely in order to prevent atmospheric action.
By soaking one or more pieces of the impregnated material in water, a solution
of chemical reagents may be made of adjusted strength.
Having thus in a general manner set forth the nature of my invention, I now
proceed to describe more particularly the method of working, or carrying the same
into effect.
According to the first part of my invention a convenient form of the new
apparatus consists of a vessel made of glass and provided with two projecting
tubes, The chemicals are introduced into the body of the vessel, and the tubes
thereafter completely closed or sealed in any convenient manner.
In the event of the vessel being made of glass the sealing is conveniently
performed by melting the ends of the tubes and thus closing them. Other methods
of sealing may however be adopted such as filling the ends of the tubes with wax,
pitch, or other substance of a like nature, or by placing small caps on the ends of
the tubes, or sealing stoppers into the tubes. A short distance from the ends of
the projecting tubes slight indentations or incisions are made, so as to facilitate the
rupture of the vessel. In this form of my invention and in the event of the
projecting tubes being made of very small diameter the incisions or indentations
may be dispensed with, as the tubes may be easily ruptured without an indentation.
At Fig. 1 is shewn a drawing of this part of my invention. a is the body of
the vessel, which may be of cylindrical, globular, square or any other convenient
form. b. b projecting tubes, which may be made to project from any part of the
vessel, and of any length, relatively to each other. c. c indentations or incisions.
When about to be used the ends of the projecting tubes are broken off at c c by

page_text: the fingers. A clear passage is thus made for the escape of the chemicals which
may be allowed to flow out by gravity, or the mouth may be applied to one end
and the contents blown out at the other, to form the adjusted chemical solution. By
the use of this device a photographic chemical or chemicals may be preserved for
any length of time uninjured by air or climate and at a moments notice be
discharged to form an adjusted developing or other photographic solution.
Another convenient form of my invention consists of a vessel made of glass or
other material, but without projecting tubes. An incision or indentation is made
in any position on the vessel in order to weaken its walls sufficiently to allow of
the vessel being broken by the fingers. At Fig. 2, A is shewn this form of my
invention. a a is the body of the vessel, b the weak part of the vessel, This
form of vessel may have more than one weak part as shewn at Fig. 2 B, where bb
are the weak points. When about to be used the vessel is ruptured by force applied
to its weak part or parts, and the chemical or chemicals thereby liberated to form
the adjusted solution.
Another convenient form of my invention consists of a thin bulb or-bulbs to
contain-the-chemical or-chemicals-and-of-such-material-and thickness-as-may-easily
be-ruptured-by-pressure.-At-Fig. 3-are-shewn at A-and B-forms-which-this-part
of-my-invention-may-assume. Rods-may-be-attached-to-the-bulb-or-bulbs as shown
at-Fig.-3-for-convenience-in-rupturing-and-thereby-releasing-the-chemicals.
Another form of my invention consists of an envelope of cylindrical or other
form, provided with one or more partitions, for the separation of the various
chemicals. At Fig. 4, A is shewn an envelope with one partition. These
envelopes may be made with a material soluble in water, or with a material
insoluble in water and provided with a seam of gum arabic, or other soluble and
adhesive substance, which opens by the action of the water, or they may be made
of materials altogether insoluble in water, The partitions one of which is shewn
at Fig. 4a may be made with a piece of string applied as a ligature, the surplus
string being left attached for convenience in after manipulation or the partitions
may be made by the insertion of a piece of paper, cardboard, cotton wool or other
material into the interior of the vessel. The envelope may be attached to a rod, as
shewn at Fig. 4 c. When about to be used the envelope is placed in water. If of
soluble material, the envelope then dissolves discharging the chemical or chemicals.
If of insoluble material, and provided with a soluble seam, the seam opens and allows
of the discharge of the chemicals to form an adjusted solution. Whether the envelope
be made with a seam of soluble material such as gum arabic, or altogether of
soluble material or altogether of insoluble material a very quick and convenient
method of releasing the materials is to rupture the various compartments with the
finger nail previous to putting the apparatus in water.
Another convenient form of my invention consists of a paper cylinder with an
opening or openings into it covered with a flap or flaps which remains closed while
the apparatus is not in use, and keep the contained chemical or chemicals in
position. At Fig. 5 is shown this form of apparatus. A shews the apparatus
closed, B the same having discharge its chemicals. When about to be used the
apparatus is put in water when the flaps open discharging the chemicals.
According to the second part of my invention, and with the same objects in
view I saturate the pieces of bibulous material such as asbestos, ordinary cloth,
felt, bibulous paper, or such porous material as loaf sugar, with adjusted quantitics
of a chemical or chemicals.
At Fig.
a, b, c, are shewn some of the forms which this part of my invention
may assume, a is in the form of a square, b, a disc, c, a roll. Each of these forms
may be provided with a rod as shewn attached to b for ease in manipulation. To
use this form of my apparatus, the bibulous portion is dipped in water when the
chemicals dissolve out producing an adjusted solution.
Having thus set forth the nature and principal forms of my invention, I wish it
to be understood that I do not limit myself to the precise forms as shewn in the
drawings, as these may be modified to a considerable extent without departing from

page_text: the nature of my invention but I wish it to be understood that I do not claim as
of my invention or a modification thereof, ordinary sealed vessels without
projecting tubes or without weakening incisions. I also wish it to be understood
that I claim as of my invention combinations of these forms such as a combination of
the forms shown at Figs. 5 and 6. These may be conveniently arranged as shewn
at Fig. 7 A in which the cylinder shewn at Fig. 5 is surrounded by the roll of
bibulous material shewn at Fig. 6. a is the top of the cylinder shewing flaps, the
whole being surrounded by the roll b or such as a combination of that form shewn
at Fig. 2 B with that shewn at Fig. 6 C in the manner set forth by Fig. 7 B a a
are the weak points of the vessel, 6 the roll surrounding the vessel.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
:-
(1) Vessels made of glass or other material and provided with one or more
projecting and sealed or closed tubes, substantially as and for the purposes
described.
(2) Vessels made of glass or other material and provided with one or more
incisions or indentations substantially as and for the purposes described.
(3) Vessels made of paper or other material and provided with incisions or
partitions substantially as and for the purposes described.
(4) Soluble envelopes or such as open by the action of water substantially as and
for the purposes described.
(5) Vessels having an opening or openings covered with a flap or flaps which open
by the action of water substantially as and for the purposes described.
(6) Pieces of bibulous material, such as asbestos ordinary cloth, felt, bibulous
paper, or porous material such as loaf sugar substantially as and for the purposes
described.
(7) The combination of two or more of the forms above described substantially
as and for the purposes described.
D
T
1001