IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COOLING AND RE- FRIGERATING LIQUIDS, MANUFACTURING ICE, AND OBTAINING AMMONIACAL SOLUTION FOR THE SAME AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1870

page_text: In the Matter of Letters Patent granted to REES REECE, of
Llandilo, in the County of Carmarthen, Chemist, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COOLING AND RE-
FRIGERATING LIQUIDS, MANUFACTURING ICE, AND OBTAINING AMMONIACAL
SOLUTION FOR THE SAME AND OTHER PURPOSES," bearing date the
2nd November A.D. 1870, No. 2891, one half interest in
which Letters Patent has been assigned to Edwin Fox, of
Gresham Street, in the City the City of London, Auctioneer.
DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION proposed to
be entered by the said REES REECE and EDWIN Fox.
WHEREAS since the filing of the Complete Specification with the
Petition for the said Letters Patent we have discovered a clerical error
in the said Specification which renders a portion of the description
inaccurate with regard to the manner of performing the said Invention.
Moreover we have been advised that there is reason to believe the
claims relating to certain portions of the Invention described in the
::

page_text: -
amending the said Specification and claims as follows, that is to say :-
In the printed Specification in line 20 of page 3 we substitute the
figure "7" for the figures "70". before the word "atmospheres,"
and in line 2 of page 8 we strike out of the first claim the words
or without," and in line 5 of the same page at the end of the second
claim we add the words " as herein described."
"
And in order that the effect of this Disclaimer and Memorandum of
Alteration may be clearly understood we annex a copy of the description
and claims as they will appear after the said Disclaimer and Memorandum
of Alteration have been made.
"NOW KNOW YE that I, the said Rees Reece, do hereby declare that
"the following Complete Specification, under my hand and seal, fully
"describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed in and by the following
"statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings
" forming a part of this Specification.
"
My said Invention relates to improvements in apparatus in which
" ammonia is used as the cold producing agent...
-
"The first object of the said Invention is the elimination of liquid
"ammonia in an anhydrous condition, or nearly so, from its aqueous
" solution in one continuous operation. For accomplishing this result
"I employ a generator, an analyser, a rectifier, a liquefactor or con-
"denser, and a receiver, all arranged as herein-after described, and
" forming what I call the distillery part of my apparatus.
"The ammoniacal gas eliminated from its solution in water by the
"action of the generator, analyser, and rectifier, passes onwards to the
liquefactor, in which by its own pressure it is reduced to a liquid and
". collected in the receiver; the liquefied ammonia thus obtained is
"anhydrous, or nearly so. The liquid is now conducted into a vessel
"which I call a refrigerator, wherein is placed a coil of pipe, the liquid
" ammonia surrounding the coil on the outside. Any liquid passing
"through this coil will be cooled by the evaporation of the liquid
"ammonia surrounding it. The refrigerator is connected by means of
"a cock to another coil contained in another iron pipe, which coil
"extends to the absorbent vessel which is connected to the coil of piping

page_text: "cast iron or steel, into which a number of dishes or cups B¹ are fitted;
". distant one from the other about 2 to 4 inches. These dishes are:
"made tight in the cylinder by cement or gasket joints or other suitable.
"packing. Tho said cups are of two kinds, as shewn; they are formed.
"of cast or wrought iron of suitable diameter to fit properly in the
cylinder B with a ring or rim B' about 2 inches deep, between which
"and the surface of the cylinder I leave a space sufficient to make a.
"secure joint with the cement or packing. These dishes have formed:
"or fixed upon them a number of small bosses or nozzles 68 about
¼ inch deep, each boss is perforated with a hole of about ¼ inch.
" diameter; they have also an overflow pipe 6' about ½ of an inch
higher than the top of the perforated bosses. This overflow pipe:
"passes through the dish nearly to the bottom of the next lower dish,
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so that the liquid may pass from one dish to the other through these
"overflow pipes, while the steam passes through the perforations only.
"Each of the said dishes has a bar B³ extending nearly across it of the
same depth as the outer ring B*; a space 1 is left at one end of this
bar, so that the liquid may circulate over the entire surface of the
"dish. Upon each of these bars I secure a dead plate B' of a smaller
" diameter than the ring of the dish. This dead plate is designed to
"prevent the direct passage of the steam through the cylinder. As the
"steam passes through the perforations in the nozzles it strikes against
"the bottom of the dead plate passing up to the next dish through the
"annular space 2 between the dead plate and outer ring.
:
::
"If desired however the dishes may be used in the analyser without
"the dead plate, as shewn in Figure 3. The said dishes are supported"
$6
one upon the other, and kept the proper distance apart by the
"distance pieces or rods B³. The pipe c at the top of the analyser
"connects it to the rectifier C. The outer portion of this rectifier
" is a cistern C¹ which contains a coiled wrought-iron pipe O₁; this
" coil must have a sharp downward inclination or fall toward the
" analyser; from the top of the rectifier a pipe d passes to the con-
"denser or liquefactor D. The said liquefactor is constructed with
" a worm tub or cistern D' which contains one or more coils of
"wrought-iron tubing D', each coil is made of one length of pipe,
"When two or more coils are used they are coiled one within the
"other, and connected together by stubbed or caulked joints; the
"upper coil is attached to the rectifier pipe d, and the bottom coil
:

page_text: terminates with a pipe e which is connected to a receiver E. The
" latter is a wrought or cast-iron vessel of any convenient shape.
"The above-described parts, which constitute the distilling part of
"the apparatus, must be proved to three hundred pounds pressure per
$6 square inch.
"
:
"In the pipe e between the liquefactor and the receiver a cock f
" is placed to prevent the escape of the liquid ammonia when the
apparatus is not at work. A pipe g with a cock / connects the
"receiver E with the refrigerator; this refrigerator has two cylindrical
"vessels F, F, as shown in Figure 1. The first vessel F¹ is the one
" in which the evaporation of the liquid ammonia takes place; this
"vessel is made of wrought or cast iron; it has a movable cover F³;
" and is provided with water and pressure gauges, and has a cock i
"at the bottom. This vessel has in it a coil of wrought-iron piping
extending from the bottom of the vessel about two-thirds of its
height.
"
"
"
"
:)
"When a length of piping exceeding one hundred and twenty feet
" is required I use two or more coils arranged one within the other.
"The said coils are connected to each other by stubbed or caulked
joints; the pipe from this coil connects it with the other vessel F;
" it passes through the cover F³, as shown, and into this cover I insert
a pipe K which is provided with a cock *, from which a pipe k
" extends to the induction aperture of an engine which has a cylinder m,
" and is provided with a slide valve, and the necessary admission and
"exhaust ports, similar to those of a high-pressure steam engine. The
"eduction pipe n is connected to the coil F in the second. vessel F³-
"The pipe j connects the open part of the vessel F with the inlet of
"the coil F in the vessel F¹.
"It will be observed that the vessel F is of much smaller diameter
"than the first vessel F¹, and is in fact simply a flanged pipe, the
"coil F* extending from end to end of the same. The covers of these
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cylinders are made tight by cement or india-rubber, or other suitable
"material; the outlet pipe of the coil in F cylinder carries away the
" liquid refrigerated. It will be observed that the coil F' forms a con-
"tinuation of the eduction pipe n, and from the bottom of this coil
"the said eduction pipe is extended to the absorber H. The said pipe
"is provided with a valve n², as shewn between the coil and the

page_text: י.
absorber. The said absorber, which is shewn in detail in Figures 4, 5,
"6, 7, has iron pipes H', preferably flanged, and of suitable diameter."
"These pipes are arranged in pairs horizontally, superposed one over the
other, and are so connected together as to form one continuous pipe..
"The pipes are kept from 1% to 3rds full of liquid, as shown. In each
" of these pipes H¹ there is placed a small pipe H³, which extends
* nearly the whole length of the pipes H'. These small pipes are closed
" at their inner extremity, and are immersed in the liquid contained in
"the pipes H¹; these small pipes are perforated with small holes
"throughout their whole length; the perforations are greatest in 1
"number at the inflow, the direction of which is indicated by the
arrows, Figures 5 and 6, and gradually diminish in number towards
"the outflow. These pipes are connected one to the other, as shewn in
Figure 6, and are also connected to the eduction pipe n of the engine,
as shown in Figure 1. These absorbent tubes are placed in a tank
"which is kept full of cold water. The absorber is provided with an
"" air cock.
«
" I prefer to have the pipes placed horizontally in pairs, as shown,
"but if desired their position may be varied in any convenient manner.
"What I consider as essential to my Invention is, that the pipes H
*shall be so arranged as to retain permanently a considerable quantity
"of liquid in them, and that the small tubes H2 shall be in such liquid.
"
"If desired two or more of these small tubes may be placed in each
" pipe, so that numerous points of contact shall be presented. The
"object is the keeping of the gas and liquid in contact a sufficient
length of time to allow the gas to dissolve freely in the liquid.
"The exhaust liquid as it enters the absorber has a specific gravity of
"about 0.988, and should have by the time it has made the circuit of
"the pipes to the outflow a specific gravity of about 0.900.
"The absorbent vessel H, besides its use in connection with my
"improved refrigerating apparatus may be employed in the production
" of solution of ammonia for general commercial purposes. The
"absorbent vessel may be made of glass or earthenware tubes instead
"of metal. The pipe passes from the absorbent vessel H to another
vessel I, which I call the heater. This vessel consists of an iron
"flanged pipe enclosing a coil I' of wrought-iron piping. The said
"pipe enters the open part of the heater I. At the other end of the
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page_text: " same.
"
"
་
"heater is a pipe with a cock ; which pipe is inserted through the
"top of the generator A, and extends down nearly to the bottom of the
The outflow pipe m¹ of the absorbent vessel H, which is
"provided with a cock m³ is connected to a force pump J, and on the
" delivery side of the said pump is a pipe n' with a valve n², which pipe.
" is connected to the coil l' in the heating vessel I. This coil is
"connected by another pipe o to the top of the analyser B. At the
"bottom of the said analyser is the cock 6', from which the pipe b
"extends through the top of the generator, nearly to the bottom of the
" same. The steam pipe a passing from the generator to the analyser
is also provided with a cock a¹. The coils in the heater I, the
analyser cups B¹, and the generator A, are charged with a solution of
ammonia, and the absorber H and heater I are charged with a weaker
solution of ammonia. A fire is lighted under the generator A, the
"steam cock a¹ of the pipe a is opened, and the cock b¹ of pipe 6 is
"closed; the cock between the liquefactor or condenser D and
"receiver E, and also the cock between the receiver and refrigerator
are opened. The cock connecting the vessel F to the vessel F* of the
refrigerator is closed, and the cock on the bottom of the vessel F¹ of
"the refrigerator is opened, the whole of the air in the apparatus as far
as this cock being blown out, and the said cock then closed; the cock
"between the refrigerator and receiver E is also closed. The fire being
"maintained under the generator A drives the ammonia gas forward
through the rectifier (in which it is dehydrated by a regulated stream
"of cold water passing through its cistern) to the liquefactor D, where
by its own pressure it is converted into a liquid which is collected in
the receiver E, the heat of the liquefactor being carried off by a
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"
"
passing
A
ammonia
"stream of cold water through the liquefactor cistern. The liquified
" is conducted from the receiver E into the refrigerator until a sufficient
quantity is obtained to immerse the coil in it. This liquid flows in
* from the receiver to the refrigerator in a continuous stream, which is
regulated by the cock between them. The cocks on either side of the
"ammonia pump are now opened; the cock in the pipe leading to the
engine cylinder is now gradually opened, and the liquid ammonia
resumes its gaseous condition, and by its pressure drives the engine.
"The exhaust ammonia gas passing through the coil in the vessel F²,
"and the small perforated pipes of the absorber into the liquid
"surrounding them is dissolved, and the solution of ammonia so
"
"
.

page_text: "Fourth. The apparatus consisting of the generator, the analyser, the
"rectifier, the liquefactor, the receiver, the refrigerator, the absorber,
"and the heater, and with or without the engine between the
"refrigerator and absorber, all arranged in combination together,
"substantially as set forth for the purposes specified."
:
and Edwin Fox,
A
In witness whereof, we, the said Rees Reece, have hereunto
set our hands and seals, this twenty-second day of November,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-three.
I hereby grant my fiat, giving leave to the above-named Rees
Recce and Edwin Fox, to file in the Great Seal Patent Office, with the
Specification to which the same relates, the above-written Disclaimer
and Memorandum of Alteration. Dated this Twenty-third day of
December, One thousand eight hundred and soventy-three.

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Rees Reece, of Llandilo, in the County of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
Carmarthen, Chemist, for the Invention of
APPARATUS FOR COOLING AND REFRIGERATING LIQUIDS, MANUFACTURING
ICE, AND OBTAINING AMMONIACAL SOLUTION FOR
PURPOSES."
THE SAME AND OTHER
Sealed the 7th January 1871, and dated the 2nd November 1870.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Rees Reece at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Declaration,
on the 2nd November 1870, pursuant to the 9th Section of the
Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, REES
REECE, of Llandilo, in the County of Carmarthen, Chemist, send
greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR COOLING AND REFRIGERATING LIQUIDS, MANUFACTURING ICE,
AND OBTAINING AMMONIACAL SOLUTION FOR THE SAME AND OTHER PURPOSES," and
have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me, my executors, admini-

page_text: trators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and have
made solemn Declaration that I am the true and first Inventor thereof.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Rees Reece, do hereby declare that
the following Complete Specification, under my hand and seal, fully
describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, in and by the following statement,
reference being had to the accompanying Drawings forming a part of
this Specification.
My said Invention relates to improvements in apparatus in which
ammonia is used as the cold producing agent.
The first object of the said Invention is the elimination of liquid
ammonia in an anhydrous condition or nearly so from its aqueous
solution in one continuous operation. For accomplishing this result I
employ a generator, an analyser, a rectifier, a liquefactor or condenser,
and a receiver all arranged as herein-after described, and forming what
I call the distillery part of my apparatus.
The ammoniacal gas eliminated from its solution in water by the
action of the generator, analyser, and rectifier passes onwards to the
liquefactor in which, by its own pressure, it is reduced to a liquid and
collected in the receiver; the liquified ammonia thus obtained is
anhydrous, or nearly so; the liquid is now conducted into a vessel which I
call a refrigerator, wherein is placed a coil of pipe, the liquid ammonia
surrounding the coil on the outside; any liquid passing through this coil
will be cooled by the evaporation of the liquid ammonia surrounding it.
The refrigerator is connected by means of a cock to another coil contained
in another iron pipe, which coil extends to the absorbent vessel which is
connected to the coil of piping contained in the refrigerator; the object
of the second vessel and coil of the refrigerator is the exchange of
temperature with the gas as it leaves the second vessel. In its passage
onward to the absorbent vessel the ammoniacal gas comes in contact
with the spent or exhaust liquor of the distilling apparatus, in which it
dissolves, yielding back the original quantity of the solution of ammonia
to be used over again repeatedly without appreciable loss or waste.
This solution of ammonia is forced by a pump into the top of the
analyser in which the ammonia is separated from the water; it then
passes to the condenser to be liquified while the exhaust liquor passes
to the generator, from which it passes into the temperature exchanger
or heater, and thence to the absorber..

page_text: The ammoniacal gas as it passes from the refrigerator to the absorbent
vessel has a considerable tension or clastic force, especially when the
apparatus is used to cool water in breweries, and this force I employ as
a motive power in first to drive the pumps of the apparatus, instead
of using steam power for that purpose, while the excess or surplus
pressure may be utilized as a prime mover for other purposes.
of using steam power for that purpose, while the excess or surplus
pressure may be utilized as a prime mover for other purposes.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of my improved apparatus, shewing
all the separate vessels of the same in their proper position for cooling
or refrigerating purposes.
Figure 2 is a vertical section of a portion of the aforesaid analyser.
Figure 3 is a horizontal section on the linc x, x, Figure 2, shewing a
slight modification of the parts of the said analyser; these two Figures
are drawn to an enlarged scale.
Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7 are longitudinal, transverse, and horizontal
sections of the absorbent vessel. Like letters indicate the same parts
throughout the Drawings.
The generator A is an ordinary cylindrical or other shaped steam
boiler made sufficiently strong to resist a working pressure of at least
70 atmospheres, and provided with pressure water gauge and safety
valve. The said boiler is set in suitable brickwork, and is connected by
the pipes a, b, to the analyser B shewn detached in Figures 2 and 3.
This analyser consists of a cylindrical vessel of wrought or cast iron, or
steel, into which a number of dishes or cups B₁ are fitted, distant one
from the other about 2 to 4 inches. These dishes are made tight in the
cylinder by cement or gasket joints, or other suitable packing. The
said cups are of two kinds as shown, they are formed of cast or wrought
iron of suitable diameter to fit properly in the cylinder B with a ring or
rim B³, about 2 inches deep, between which and the surface of the
cylinder I leave a space sufficient to make a secure joint with the cement
or packing. These dishes have formed or fixed upon them a number
of small bosses or nozzles 6³ about ½ inch deep, each boss is perforated
with a hole of about 1 inch diameter, they have also an overflow pipe b',
about 1 of an inch higher than the top of the perforated bosses. This
overflow pipe passes through the dish nearly to the bottom of the next.
lower dish, so that the liquid may pass from one dish to the other
through these overflow pipes, while the steam passes through the

page_text: perforations only. Each of the said dishes has a bar B³, extending
nearly across it of the same depth as the outer ring B2; a space 1 is left
at one end of this bar, so that the liquid may circulate over the entire
surface of the dish. Upon each of these bars I secure a dead plate B*,
of a smaller diameter than the ring of the dish. This dead plate is
designed to prevent the direct passage of the steam through the
cylinder. As the steam passes through the perforations in the nozzles it
strikes against the bottom of the dead plate passing up to the next
dish through the annular space 2 between the dead plate and outer ring.
If desired however the dishes may be used in the analyser without the
dead plate as shewn in Figure 3. The said dishes are supported one
upon the other and kept the proper distance apart by the distance pieces
or rods B. The pipe cat the top of the analyser connects it to the
rectifier C. The outer portion of this rectifier is a cistern C', which
contains a coiled wrought-iron pipe C, this coil must have a sharp
downward inclination or fall toward the analyser; from the top of the
rectifier a pipe d passes to the condenser or liquefactor D. The said
liquefactor is constructed with a worm tub or cistern D¹, which con-
tains one or more coils of wrought iron tubing D, each coil is made of
one length of pipe; when two or more coils are used they are coiled
one within the other, and connected together by stubbed or caulked
joints, the upper coil is attached to the rectifier pipe d and the bottom
coil terminates with a pipe e which is connected to a receiver E. The
latter is a wrought or cast iron vessel of any convenient shape. The
above-described parts which constitute the distilling part of the apparatus
must be proved to three hundred pounds pressure per square inch.
'In the pipe e between the liquefactor and the receiver a cock fis placed
to prevent the escape of the liquid ammonia when the apparatus is
not at work. A pipe 9 with a cock h connects the receiver E with
the refrigerator; this refrigerator has two cylindrical vessels F¹, F³,
as shown in Figure 1. The first vessel F is the one in which the
evaporation of the liquid ammonia takes place; this vessel is made
of wrought or cast iron, it has a movable cover F, and is provided
with water and pressure gauges, and has a cock i at the bottom. This
vessel has in it a coil of wrought-iron piping extending from the
bottom of the vessel about two-thirds of its height; when a length of
piping exceeding one hundred and twenty feet is required I use two
or more coils arranged one within the other. The said coils are con-
nected to each other by stubbed or caulked joints; the pipe j.from

page_text: this coil connects it with the other vessel F³, it passes through the
cover F³, as shewn, and into this cover I insert a pipe k which is
provided with a cock *, from which a pipe k¹ extends to the induction
aperture of an engine which has a cylinder m and is provided with a
slide valve and the necessary admission and exhaust ports, similar to
those of a high-pressure steam engine. The eduction pipe n is connected
to the coil Fs in the second vessel F2. The pipe j connects the open
part of the vessel F2 with the inlet of the coil F* in the vessel F. It
will be observed that the vessel F2 is of much smaller diameter than
the first vessel F¹, and is in fact simply a flanged pipe, the coil F³
extending from end to end of the same The covers of these cylinders
are made tight by cement or india-rubber, or other suitable material;
the outlet pipe of the coil in F¹ cylinder carries away the liquid
refrigerated. It will be observed that the coil F. forms a continuation
of the eduction pipe n, and from the bottom of this coil the said eduction
pipe is extended to the absorber H. The said pipe is provided with a
valve n², as shewn, between the coil and the absorber. The said absorber,
which is shewn in detail in Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, has iron pipes H'
preferably flanged and of suitable diameter; these pipes are arranged
in pairs horizontally superposed one over the other, and are so connected
together as to form one continuous pipe. The pipes are kept from 2 to
2/3rds full of liquid, as shown. In each of these pipes H¹ there is placed
a small pipe H which extends nearly the whole length of the pipes H¹.
These small pipes are closed at their inner extremity, and are immersed
in the liquid contained in the pipes H¹; these small pipes are perforated
with small holes throughout their whole length; the perforations are
greatest in number at the inflow, the direction of which is indicated by
the arrows, Figures 5 and 6, and gradually diminish in number towards
the outflow. These pipes are connected one to the other, as shown in
Figure 6, and are also connected to the eduction pipe n of the engine,
as shewn in Figure 1. These absorbent tubes are placed in a tank
which is kept full of cold water. The absorber is provided with an air
cock. I prefer to have the pipes placed horizontally in pairs, as shown,
but if desired their position may be varied in any convenient manner.
What I consider as essential to my Invention is that the pipes H¹
shall be so arranged as to retain permanently a considerable quantity
of liquid in them, and that the small tubes H³ shall be in such liquid.
If desired two or more of these small tubes may be placed in each pipe

page_text: so that numerous points of contact shall be presented. The object
is, the keeping of the gas and liquid in contact a sufficient length of
time to allow the gas to dissolve freely in the liquid. The exhaust
liquid as it enters the absorber has a specific gravity of about 0.988
and should have by the time it has made the circuit of the pipes to the
outflow a specific gravity of about 0.900.
l
The absorbent vessel H besides its use in connection with my improved
refrigerating apparatus may be employed in the production of solution of
ammonia for general commercial purposes. The absorbent vessel may be
made of glass or earthenware tubes instead of metal. The pipe passes
from the absorbent vessel H to another vessel I, which I call the
heater; this vessel consists of an iron flanged pipe enclosing a coil I¹ of
wrought-iron piping. The said pipe enters the open part of the
heater I, at the other end of the heater is a pipe A with a cock 1, which
pipe is inserted through the top of the generator A and extends down
nearly to the bottom of the same. The outflow pipe m¹ of the absorbent
vessel H, which is provided with a cock m³, is connected to a force
pump J, and on the delivery side of the said pump is a pipe n¹ with a
valve n³, which pipe is connected to the coil I' in the heating vessel I;
this coil is connected by another pipe o to the top of the analyser B.
At the bottom of the said analyser is the cock 6', from which the pipe b
extends through the top of the generator nearly to the bottom of the
same. The steam pipe a passing from the generator to the analyser is
also provided with a cock a'. The coils in the heater I, the analyser
cups B', and the generator A are charged with a solution of ammonia,
and the absorber H and heater I are charged with a weaker solution of
ammonia. A fire is lighted under the generator A, the steam cock a¹ of
the pipe a is opened and the cock 6' of pipe b is closed; the cock between
the liquefactor or condenser D and receiver E, and also the cock betwcen
the receiver and refrigerator are opened. The cock connecting the
vessel F¹ to the vessel F* of the refrigerator is closed, and the cock on
the bottom of the vessel F¹ of the refrigerator is opened, the whole of
the air in the apparatus, as far as this cock, being blown out and the
said cock then closed. The cock between the refrigerator and receiver E
is also closed. The fire being maintained under the generator A drives
the ammonia gas forward through the rectifier (in which it is dehydrate.l
by a regulated stream of cold water passing through its cistern) to the
liquefactor D, where by its own pressure it is converted into a liquid

page_text: which is collected in the receiver E, the heat of the liquefactor being
carried off by passing a stream of cold water through the liquefactor
cistern: The liquified ammonia is conducted from the receiver E into
the refrigerator until a sufficient quantity is obtained to immerse the
coil in it; this liquid flows in from the receiver to the refrigerator in
a continuous stream which is regulated by the cock between them. The
cocks on either side of the ammonia pump are now opened. The cock
in the pipe leading to the engine cylinder is now gradually opened and
the liquid ammonia resumes its gaseous condition, and by its pressure
drives the engine. The exhaust ammonia gas passing through the coil
in the vessel F², and the small perforated pipes of the absorber into
the liquid surrounding them is dissolved, and the solution of ammonia
so generated is forced by the pump through the coil I' of the heater I
into the top of the analyser B. The cock b¹ in the pipe b at the bottom
of the said analyser is opened and the cock between the generater A
and the heater' I is also gradually opened to allow a regulated stream
of liquor to pass out of the generator A into the heater I, and thence
through the pipe l-into the absorbent vessel H. The liquor passing out
of the generator A exchanges temperatures with the liquor forced
through the coil in the said heater on its way to the analyser B. The
cock between the generator and heater, as well as the cock between the
vessels F, F, of the refrigerator have to be adjusted so that the liquor
coming from the generator into the absorber, and the gas passing from
the refrigerator into the absorber, shall be in such proportion that the
one dissolving in the other shall produce a strong solution of ammonia.
During the working of the absorber H a considerable amount of heat is
generated therein which is removed by cold water passing through its
cistern, thus the apparatus is worked in a continuous manner. Any
liquid intended to be cooled or refrigerated is passed through the cock
at the bottom of the vessel F2 of the refrigerator, and thence through the
coil in the vessel F and forward by the outlet to any desired receptacle.
This liquid may be forced by its own pressure, or by a pump worked by
the engine, and may be used either for the manufacture of ice, the
cooling of water in breweries, and for cooling or refrigerating for various
other purposes.

page_text: First. The analyser with the series of cups or dishes having the
perforations, dividing plate, and overflow pipe, and with or without
the dead plate, substantially as set forth for the purpose specified.
Second. Using the gaseous ammonia passing from the refrigerator to
the absorber as a source of motive power.
Third. The absorber with the series of pipes arranged together within
the cistern, substantially as set forth for the purposes specified.
Fourth. The apparatus consisting of the generator, the analyser, the
rectifier, the liquefactor, the receiver, the refrigerator, the absorber, and
the heater, and with or without the engine between the refrigerator and
absorber, all arranged in combination together, substantially as set forth
for the purposes specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Rees Reece, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this. Thirty-first day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
Witness,
GEORGE HASELTINE,
8, Southampton Buildings,
London.
REES REECE. (L.S.)