IMPROVEMENTS IN REVOLVING HARROWS CLOD-CRUSHERS AND FORKS, AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHAFTS SPINDLES AXLES AND SPIKED ROLLERS SUITABLE FOR THESE AND OTHER IMPLIMENTS AND MACHINES AND IN THE MODE OF ATTACHING IMPLEMENTS TO CULTIVATOR FRAMES
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edmund Button, Engineer, of the parish of Stanway in
the county of Essex for an invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN REVOLVING
HARROWS CLOD-CRUSHERS AND FORKS, AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
SHAFTS SPINDLES AXLES AND SPIKED ROLLERS SUITABLE FOR THESE AND
OTHER IMPLIMENTS AND MACHINES AND IN THE MODE OF ATTACHING
IMPLEMENTS TO CULTIVATOR FRAMES
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edmund Button at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th May 1882.
EDMUND BUTTON, Engineer of the Parish of Stanway in the County of Essex,
IMPROVEMENTS IN
REVOLVING HARROWS CLOD-CRUSHERS AND FORKS, AND IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHAFTS SPINDLES AXLES AND SPIKED ROLLERS SUITABLE
FOR THESE AND OTHER IMPLIMENTS AND MACHINES, AND IN THE MODE OF
ATTACHING IMPLIMENTS TO CULTIVATOR FRAMES.
These improved shafts spindles and axles are respectively formed each of one or
more inner tubes and of an outer tube welded or otherwise connected to one
another at both ends, and at intermediate points also if desired. One method of
connecting the said inner and outer tubes consists in forming a suitable cap for
each end of the shaft spindle or axle, upon which cap threads are cut to receive
counterpart threads cut upon the tubes, so that the two caps and the tubes when
screwed together form a strong shaft spindle or axle. Collars intermediate between
the ends of the tubes may be formed on or secured upon the inner tubes, and be of
sufficient diameter for the outer tubes to fit tightly over them and be fixed securely
to them. The end caps may be prolonged to give space for journals or bearing
surfaces to be formed upon them; or journals or bearing surfaces may be formed
upon the tubular portion of the spindle. Another method of connecting the said
inner and outer tubes is to weld their ends by putting collars to fill the spaces and
welding up each end of the spindle shaft or axle either solid or with a hole into
which a suitable stud to form a journal or bearing can be fixed,
The improved spiked rollers are formed similarly but with the addition of spikes
of any desired form being attached to them. One method of attaching the spikes
is by drilling holes through the inner and outer tubes, and forming a screw thread

page_text: in such holes and on the shanks of the spikes The screwed shank is screwed into
the holes and takes a bearing on both the inner and outer tubes
The improved revolving Harrows Clod-crushers and Forks consist of one or
more such spiked rollers mounted in a suitable frame. The spiked rollers are
arranged one behind the other; but when four or more rollers are used they may
be in sets of two or more side by side; the rollers in each set being one behind the
other The rollers may also be of different lengths and arranged in zig-zag so that
their ends do not come immediately behind one another The spiked-rollers may
also have their tubular spindles of the same or different diameters; and where
more than one spiked-roller is used they need not all have the improved spindles
herein before described but some of the spindles may have an outer tube only. The
roller spikes may also be of uniform or varying lengths sizes and forms.
One or
more of the hinder rollers may be caused to revolve by means of toothed gear
wheels, or by means of chain and pinions, or by using any other suitable con-
trivance connecting it or them with the front spiked roller or rollers. The velocities
of rotation of the various rollers may be alike or different and their centres may
be at the same or at varying heights in their frame.
The frames or side cheeks in which the spiked rollers forming a revolving
Harrow Clod-crusher or Fork are mounted may be attached to the framework of a
Cultivator used in steam cultivation. The front ends of the said frames or side
cheeks are hinged or pivotted to the front part of the cultivator framework by
means of one or more suitable joints or hinges The rollers supported by the
hinder ends of the said frames or cheeks trail along upon the ground. Part of the
weight of the said rollers and their said frames may be supported by the hinder
part of the cultivator frame work by means of a chain or chains suspended from
the said frame work and furnished with adjusting screws, or by means of an
adjustable stop upon the said cultivator framework. When the cultivator tines
rise out of the ground the said rollers and their frames or side cheeks are carried
clear of the ground by means of the aforesaid chain or chains or adjustable stop or
stops. The spiked rollers are also by the same means prevented from working
into the ground to a greater distance than desired when the cultivator tines are
turning up the soil.
The said frame or side cheeks when the spiked rollers are removed are available
for supporting a series of plough-shares or a series of land rollers, or a series of
hoes or other agricultural impliments; and such impliments can thus be drawn
across the land behind the cultivator and be lifted clear of the soil at the headlands
by means of the mechanism of the cultivator framework which is used to lift the
cultivator tines clear of the ground.
If desired a special framework similar to a cultivator framework but without
the cultivator tines, and the parts immediately supporting them may be used, to
which framework the said spiked roller frames or side cheeks may be hinged when
it is desired to use the revolving harrow or other impliment, and not to use the
cultivator tines.
Such a cultivator framework arranged to carry fewer cultivator tines than in
the case of a steam cultivator, and fitted with these improved spiked rollers hung
in side cheeks hinged to the said framework, may be made sufficiently light and
compact to form a useful impliment for cultivating with horse or cattle power
instead of steam-power.
The advantages of this form of spindle shaft axle and roller are lightness
combined with strength. In the spiked rollers also the spikes can be easily
detached from the roller to be repaired if damaged at any time. Moreover, the
shaks of the spikes having part of the threads upon them engaged in the threads
cut in the outer tubes and part in those cut in the inner tubes have a very firm
support The threads in one tube also act the part of a lock-nut to the threads in
the other tube or tubes, thus locking the spikes in their places.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Edmund Button in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
6th November 1882.
EDMUND BUTTON, Engineer of the Parish of Stanway in the County of Essex
IMPROVEMENTS IN REVOLVING HARROWS CLOD-CRUSHERS AND FORKS AND IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF SHAFTS SPINDLES AXLES AND SPIKED ROLLERS SUITABLE FOR
THESE AND OTHER IMPLEMENTS AND MACHINES AND IN THE MODE OF ATTACHING
IMPLEMENTS TO CULTIVATOR FRAMES.
These improved shafts spindles and axles are respectively formed each of one or
more inner tubes and of an outer tube welded or otherwise connected to one
another at both ends and at intermediate points also if desired One method of
connecting the said inner and outer tubes consists in forming a suitable cap for
each end of the shaft spindle or axle upon which cap threads are cut to receive
counterpart threads cut upon the tubes (See Fig. 7) so that the two caps and the
tubes when screwed together form a strong shaft spindle or axle. Collars inter-
mediate between the ends of the tubes (As shown in part of Fig. 7) may be formed
on or secured upon the inner tubes and be of sufficient diameter for the outer
tubes to fit tightly over them and be fixed securely to them The end caps may be
prolonged to give space for journals or bearing-surfaces to be formed upon them
(See Fig. 7.); or journals or bearing-surfaces may be formed upon the tubular
portion of the spindle (See Fig. 8.) Another method of connecting the said inner
and outer tubes is to weld their ends by putting collars to fill the spaces and
welding up each end of the spindle shaft or axle either solid or with a hole into
which a suitable stud to form a bearing or journal can be fixed (See Fig. 5.) The
improved spiked rollers are formed similarly but with the addition of spikes of
any desired form being attached to them. One method of attaching the spikes is
by drilling holes through the inner and outer tubes and forming a screw thread
in such holes and on the shanks of the spikes. The screwed shank is screwed into
the holes and takes a bearing on both the inner and outer tubes (as shown in detail
in Figs. 5 and 6)
The improved revolving Harrows Clodcrushers and Forks consist of one or
more of such spiked rollers mounted in a suitable frame The spiked rollers are
arranged one behind the other; but when four or more rollers are used they may
be in sets of two or more side by side, the rollers in each set being one behind the
other The rollers may also be of different lengths and arranged in zig-zag so that
their ends do not come immediately behind one another The spiked rollers may
also have their tubular spindles of the same or of different diameters and where
more than one spiked roller is used they need not all have the improved spindles
hereinbefore described but some of the spindles may have an outer tube only The
roller spikes may also be of uniform or varying lengths sizes and forms. One or
more of the hinder rollers may be caused to revolve by means of toothed gear
wheels (See Fig. 3.) or by means of chain and pinions (See Figs. 1 and 2.) or by
using any other suitable contrivance connecting it or them with the front spiked
roller or rollers. The velocities of rotation of the various rollers may be alike
or different and their centres may be at the same or at varying heights in their
frame.
The frames or side-cheeks (Marked A in Figs 1 and 2.) in which the said spiked
rollers forming a revolving Harrow Clod-crusher or Fork are mounted may be
attached to the framework of a cultivator used in steam cultivation (As shown in
Figs 1 and 2) The front ends of the said frames or side-cheeks are hinged or
pivotted to the front part of the cultivator framework by means of one or more

page_text: suitable joints or hinges. The rollers supported by the hinder ends of the said
frames or cheeks trail along upon the ground. Part of the weight of the said
rollers and of their said frames may be supported by the hinder part of the
cultivator frame-work by means of a chain or chains suspended from the said
frame-work and furnished with adjusting screws (See Fig. 4.) or by means of an
adjustable stop upon the said cultivator frame work (Marked b Fig 1.) When the
cultivator tines rise out of the ground the said rollers and their frames or side
cheeks are carried clear of the ground by means of the aforesaid chain or chains or
adjustable stop or stops. The spiked rollers are also by the same ineans prevented
from working into the ground to a greater distance than desired when the
cultivator tines are turning up the soil.
The said frames or side cheeks when the spiked rollers are removed are available
for supporting a series of plough shares (See Fig. 4.) or a series of land rollers or a
series of hoes or other agricultural implements and such implements can thus be
drawn across the land behind the cultivator. and be lifted clear of the soil at the
headlands by means of the mechanism of the cultivator framework which is used
to lift the cultivator tines clear of the soil.
If desired a special framework similar to a cultivator frame work but without
the cultivator tines and the parts immediately supporting them may be used; to
which framework the said spiked roller frames or sidecheeks may be hinged when
it is desired to use the revolving harrow or other implement and not to use the
cultivator tines. Such a cultivator framework arranged to carry fewer tines than
in the case of a steam cultivator and fitted with these improved spiked rollers
hung in sidecheeks hinged to the said framework may be made sufficiently light
and compact to form a useful implement for cultivating with horse or cattle power
instead of steam power.
The advantages of this form of spindle shaft axle and roller are lightness
combined with strength In the spiked roller also the spikes can be easily
detached from the roller to be repaired if damaged at any time. Moreover the
shanks of the spikes having part of the threads upon them engaged in the threads
cut in the outer tubes and part in those cut in the inner tubes have a very firm
support The threads in one tube also act the part of a locknut to the threads in
the other tube or tubes thus locking the spikes in their places.

page_text: The mechanism for causing the cultivator frame Z to rise so that the tines are
clear of the ground is described as showing the way in which the combined rotary
harrow and steam cultivator is worked The hauling rope and the slack rope from
the steam windlass are attached at y At the headlands the cultivator is turned
round by reversing the windlass and hauling with the rope which was recently
slack This causes the lever x to swing upon its pivot w. and tightens the chain v
which in turn acts upon the quadrant u and pulls the cranked axle round in the
naves of the carriage whels s thus lifting the cultivator frame z and with it the
side cheeks a and the rollers or other implements attached to them.
In Fig. 4. k is a framework to which the plough-share is attached. k is
supported by the tubes m. m, the ends of which are carried by the side-cheeks a.
is also arranged so as with the tubes m, m, to form a truss to give greater
strength. Any desirable number of ploughshares can be attached to k.
Fig 7 shows one end of a tubular shaft; n is the screwed cap for connecting
the ends of tubes d. d, An intermediate strengthening collar is marked o, and a
journal is shown on the cap at p.
Figs 8 and 9 show a tubular shaft with more than one internal tube. Fig 8
being a section at one end, and Fig 9 a cross section.
Having now described the nature of my said invention and the manner of
carrying the same into effect I would have it understood that under the above in
part recited Letters Patent I claim :-
1st. The construction of a rotary Harrow Clod-crusher or Fork substantially in
the manner hereinbefore described.
2nd. The construction of shafts spindles axles and spiked rollers with an
external tube and one or more internal tubes
3rd The method of attaching implements to cultivator frames substantially in
the manner herein before described.
4th The combination of my hereinbefore described rotary Harrow Clod-crusher
or Fork with a steam cultivator
5th The combination of my hereinbefore described rotary Harrow Clod-crusher
or Fork with a carriage similar to that of the steam cultivator hereinbefore
described.
In witness whereof I the said Edmund Button have hereunto set my
hand and seal this fourth day of November in the year of our Lord
one thousand eight hundred and eighty two.