IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE AND LOOPED FABRICS."
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Henry Biddles, of Mansfield Road, in
the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham, Lace Manufac-
turer, and John William Douphrate, of Radford, in the County of
Nottingham, Mechanic, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE AND LOOPED FABRICS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Henry
Biddles and John William Douphrate at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their. Petition, on the 20th October
1852.
WO, THOMAS HENRY BIDDLES & JOHN WILLIAM DOUPIRATE, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE AND LOOPED FABRICS"
to be as follows:-
The first part of this Invention relates more particularly to making
hose without seam, narrowing the leg. turning the heel, and shaping

page_text: the foot to the toe. The accompanying three Sheets of Drawings
fully show the character of the Invention, and are marked with letters
of reference on the Figures hereafter referred to. The second part of
the Invention relates to the manufacture of sheets, blankets, counter-
panes, and rugs. The third part relates to the manufacture of drawers,
and, lastly, to the manufacture of shirts, but may be adapted to all other
the foot to the toe. The accompanying three Sheets of Drawings
fully show the character of the Invention, and are marked with letters
of reference on the Figures hereafter referred to. The second part of
the Invention relates to the manufacture of sheets, blankets, counter-
panes, and rugs. The third
relates to the manufacture of drawers,
part
and, lastly, to the manufacture of shirts, but may be adapted to all other
textile and looped fabrics.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig.1, Sheets 1, & 2, represent a vertical section of the machine,
as more particularly adapted to the manufacture of hose. 1, & 1,
represent the frame with cross bar 2,, and rack 3; -4, 4, are two-brass
rings, in which are rivetted. 104 guide plates, as shewn on Fig. 2,
Sheet 3, by which the pin 5, is moved, which pin is rivetted in the
irons 6, and carries the needle 7,-which-irons are-kept in their respec-
tive places by passing through rings 8, and 9. 9, is a brass cap secured
on to 9, preventing the neeillc irons rising from their places. 10, is
the sinker, with a sawigate in-needle' irons,-6, at a. 11, is an arm
carrying the silk or cotton bobbin 7, the silk or cotton being passed
through guides B, & C, is-thereby laid on the needle 7. For the pur-
pose of forming the loop the wheels 4, 4, are made to depress sinker
10, thereby carrying the silk or cotton under the beard of the needle.
The wheels 5, 5, following those marked 4, 4, raise the sinker again.
The wheel 3, follows immediately after-5, 5, presses down the beard
of needle, thereby allowing the work to pass over the loop. The wheel
'1,"presses the' work back while a' fresh loop is formed. The rack-8,
Sheet 2, raises guide plates 'up as required. Fig. 1; Sheet 3, No. 1,
to '14, represent-the slots in the guide plates by which the needle irons
are moved, the places and numbers of which are fully shewn at Fig. 2,
(Sheet 3.)
With regard to the manufacture of sheets, blankets, counterpanes,
rugs, &c., the machine will be precisely the same as the one for stock-
ings, with the exception of the slotted guide plates, by which the needle
irons are moved; there being no narrowing required in the manufacture
of these articles, they do not require any guide plates.

page_text: The next part of the Invention relates to the manufacture of drawers.
For making the body the machine will be similar to the stocking ma-
chine, but will be much larger in circumference, and without guide
plates. After the body is made it is taken off this machine, and placed
upon another of one half the circumference to make each leg; "this
small machine has slotted guide plates, but of a different form, as
represented in Fig. 5, Sheet 3. There are 13 of each of the numbers
1, 2, & 8, and the remainder of the spaces for, the guide plates are
filled with No. 4.
Lastly, the Invention relates to the manufacture of shirts after the
following manner:-The body, will be made from the same size and
description of machine as the body of the drawers. After the body
is formed pieces are cut out of it to form the arm holes, the body.
is then put on a small machine for the purpose of forming the arms.
The small machines have slotted guide plates for narrowing the arms,
as represented in Fig. 6, Sheet 3. There are nine of the numbers
1,.2, & 3, and the remainder of the places for the guide plates are
Sl. No 4
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Henry Biddles and John William
Douphrate in the Great Seal Patent Office, on the 20th April
1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS. SHALL COME, 'we,'
THOMAS HENRY BIDDLES, of Mansfield Road, in the Town and County of
the Town of Nottingham, Lace Manufacturer, and JOHN WILLIAM
DOUPHRATE, of Radford, in the County of Nottingham, Mechanic,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, in the sixteenth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs.and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Thomas Henry. Biddles and John William
Douphrate, Her special licence that we, the said Thomas 'Henry_

page_text: Biddles and John William Douphrate, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said Thomas Henry Biddles and
John William Douphrate, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no otheis. from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein 'expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE AND LOOPED FABRICS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Thomas Henry Biddles and John
William Douphrate, by an instrument in writing under our hands and
scals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Thomas Henry Biddles and
John William Douphrate, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to lic
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof (that is to say):
Our Invention consists in certain new mechanical combinations and
arrangements of parts constituting improvements in the machinery or
apparatus as hitherto constructed and employed in the manufacture of
textile and looped fabrics; and in order to explain the different purposes
to which our said Invention is applicable we will commence by describing
the same under four different heads, as follows:-
Firstly, improvements in machinery for the manufacture of stockings.
Secondly, machinery for the manufacture of diawers.
Thirdly, machinery for the manufacture of shirts; and,
Fourthly, machinery for the manufacture of sheets, blankets. counter-
panes, rugs, and other articles of similar character.
And as regards the first part of our said Invention, which has reference
to the manufacture of stockings, it consists, firstly, in making such articles
without seams; secondly, in a new mode of narrowing the leg thereof,
in turning or forming the heel part, and in shaping the foot to the toe.

page_text: And as regards the second, third, and fourth parts of our said Inven-
tion, which have reference to the manufacture of drawers, shirts, and
sheets, it consists in the use and application of the principal parts of
the machinery employed for the manufacture of stockings lastly
above mentioned. And in order to explain our said Invention as com-
pletely as possible, we will proceed to describe the inechanical combina-
tions and arrangements of parts which we consider best calculated for
carrying our said Invention into practical effect, and which we have
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Sheets 1, and 2, exhibit a transverse and vertical section of a machine
constructed according to our said Invention, and at Sheet 3, Figure 1,
is a top plan view. and Figures 2, 3. 4, are elevations of certain parts
hereafter referred to and fully described. The Drawings at Sheets
4, and 5, exhibit another form of construction of machine for the manu-
facture of looped fabrics, and is a modification of the machine exhibited
at Sheets 1, 2, 3, of the illustrative Drawings hereunto annexed, but is
more simple in its construction. Sheet 4, is a transverse and vertical
section of the machine. Sheet 5, Figures 1, and 2, are top plan views,
and Figures 3, 4. 5, are elevations of certain parts hereafter referred to,
and fully described at each of the Figures of these Sheets of Drawings.
We employ the same letters of reference to denote corresponding parts.
in so far as such parts appear or can be seen at cach of the Figures
respectively, and illustrative of the same machine. At Sheets 1, and 2,
A, A, marks the framing of the machine; B, and C, are cross bars for
connecting the sides of the said framing together; D, D, are two flat
ings of brass or other metal into which a series of slotted plates E,
(shewn also at Sheet 3,) are rivetted or otherwise fixed, and there are
snugs a, attached to the rings D, which snugs have holes formed therein
for attaching them to rods G, G. one of which is shown at Sheet 2,
upon which they slide together with the slotted plates E, fixed thereto,
and employed for the purpose hereafter mentioned; H, H, are brackets,
the lower parts whereof are securely fixed to the sides of the framing A.
by bolts as shewn at Sheet 2, and to the upper parts of said brackets a

page_text: circular shaped piece of metal or guide plate I, is securely. fixed by
screws.b, b, the plate I, is formed with projecting rings 1, 2, which have
slots or openings therein for retaining and guiding the sliding needle
irons c,'cin their proper course. In constructing the plate I, it will
be found necessary to cut or otherwise form the slots in the ring 1,
through the edge thereof, to allow the several needle irons to be inserted
therein, after which a ring or cap-d, is attached by screws to the top
edge of the projecting ring 1, by which said needle irons are secured in
their respective positions, and prevented from moving in other than a
lateral direction, and there is a pin e, affixed to each of the needle
irons c, c, and near the outer end thereof, which takes into a slot f
formed in each of the plates E, and to the inner end of the needle
iron c, c, a needle g, is securely fixed by soldering, and there is a
plate K. attached to a saw gate of each needle iron by a pin or rivet 8,
which is the fulcrum thereof, and said plate is employed for pushing
the thread under the beard of the needle so as to form the loop. I
marks the main axis or driving shaft of the machine, to which it is
connected by suitable bearings formed in the cross bar B, and bracket M,
which bracket is fixed to the-bar B; N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, mark pieces
affixed by screws h, on to the main axis L. in their respective positions
hereafter described; N. is a spool upon which the thread or other
material to be employed is wound; O, is a lever or forked arm to which
are attached wheels i, k, which press upon the top edge of the plate K.
and thereby raise one end thereof, and the wheels 1; m, which are fixed in
the arms P, Q, serve to sink the other and opposite end of the plate K;
R, is an arm with guide holes therein, through which the thread passes
from the spool N, and by which it is laid upon the.needles; S, is an arm
to which is attaclied a roller n, which pushes back the work from under
the beard of the needle; and T, is an arm to which is attached a roller o,
which presses down the beard of the needle, and allows the work to
pass over it and the loop; U, is a plate attached to the under side of the
ring D, and V, is a rack rod connected thereto; W, is a treddle mounted
upon a pin p, in the cross bar C, for raising the rack rod V..
The modus operandi of the above arrangement, when employed for
the manufacture of stockings, is as follows:-Upon rotatory motion

page_text: being imparted to the axis L, the parts attached thereto will likewise
receive rotatory motion. the effect of which will be to lay the thread
upon the several needles g. and immediately after the thread is laid upon
one needle the wheels 1, m. are brought upon the plate K, and thereby
depress it, and the inclined part 4 of said plate coming into contact
with the thread upon that needle which is opposite to it will push or
sink the thread under the beard of the needle so as to form the loop.
and the roller . following immediately after will press the work back.
The roller o, now follows this last operation, and presses down the
beard of the needle, during which time the pressure of the roller n',
will be removed from the thread, and the work will pass over the needle
and loop just formed, and these several movements occur at every needle
in the machine, and as such movements are successively repeated they
will produce a looped fabric, the work descending by the gravity of a
weight attached thereto.
It will, however, be found necessary, at the commencement of the
operation, to affix a piece of knitted work to the several needles as a
foundation to begin upon, and when a certain number of courses have
been worked, and it is required to narrow the stocking, the operator
exerts pressure upon the treddle W, by which the plates E, will be
raised, and as the slots f, therein move over the pins e, in the several
needle irons c, the effect of the inclined parts 5, 6, of the slots f, will be
to push the needle irons and needles inwards, by which the inner
circumference will be diminished, and thereby effect the operation of
narrowing. and according to the straight or inclined part of the slots f,
is' brought into contact with the pins e, in like manner the work will be
narrower at one part than another. The operator continuing to raise
the plates E, as each course or a certain number of courses have been
worked. And in order to perform the several operations essential to the
proper manufacture of stockings by the use of this machine we
arrange and dispose the slotted plates thereof in the order exhibited at
Figures 2, 3. and 4, of Sheet 3, at which Figures the same numeral
Figures of reference from 1, to 14, inclusive, are einployed to denote
corresponding plates at each of the Figures respectively; and in this
manner and by these means we effect improvements in machinery for

page_text: the manufacture of stockings. We would, however, remark that an
important feature in our said Invention consists in not requiring to
detach the stocking thus made from the thread or other material
employed for that purpose, but we make a number of these stockings
one after the other, and separate or divide them one from another
afterwards, and to effect this we proceed as follows: instead of lowering
the plates E, so as to begin by making the top part of the stocking
first, we commence by making the toc part, and continue to lower
the plates so as to make the stocking narrower at certain parts until the
top part is the last made, and in this manner we proceed making the
toe of one stocking to come opposite to the toe of the next, and the top
part of one stocking to the top part of the next, by which we
effect a saving in the materials employed in such manufacture.
And as regards the second part of our said invention, which has refer-
ence to the manufacture of drawers, we proceed as follows:-For making
the body part of the drawers we employ a machine similar in every re-
spect to that lastly above mentioned, excepting that we dispense with the
slotted plates E, and we effect the narrowing of the legs of drawers by
removing them from this machine after the body is made, and placing
the work in another machine of only one half the circumference to the
former one, and we form each leg of the drawers separately, and we
further employ in this machine slotted plates G, shewn at Figure 3, of
Sheet 3, and we propose to employ thirteen in number of the plates
numbered 1, 2, 3, at Figure 3, and the remainder of the plates are
similar to those marked 4, at Figure 3, and such plates are actuated
in a similar manner to that before mentioned with reference to the
machine for manufacturing stockings.
And as regards the third part of our said invention, which has reference
to the manufacture of shirts, we proceed as follows:-For making the
body of the shirt we employ a machine similar in all respects to that
before mentioned, and employed for making the bodies of drawers. And
after the body of the shirt has been formed, pieces are then cut out of it
to form the armholes, and the body is then removed from this machine
and placed in a smaller one of similar construction for the purpose of
forming the arms, and we employ slotted guide plates II, of the form

page_text: exhibited at Figures 5, and 6, of Sheet 3, for the purpose of narrowing
the arms, using nine in number of the slotted plates marked 1, 2, 3, at
Figure 4, and the remainder of the plates are similar to those marked 4,
at said Figure.
And as regards the fourth part of our said invention, which has refer-
ence to the manufacture of sheets and other articles of similar character,
we proceed as follows:-As these articles do not require to be formed
narrower at one part than another we employ a machine precisely similar
in all respects to that before mentioned and employed to form the bodies
of drawers and shirts, but considerably larger according the size of the
articles to be made thereby, and as the work when finished will be
round instead of flat it will be necessary to cut or divide the work,
which may be done by scissors or other convenient means.
And as regards the construction of the machine exhibited at the several
Figures of Sheets 4, and 5, it is as follows:-A, A, marks the framing of
the machine; B, B, brackets bolted thereto; C, C', are guide plates
between which the several needle irons D, slide. These needle irons
have pieces of metal a, rivetted thereto, the same having a saw gate
formed therein in which a sinker plate b; and presser plate c, is placed,
and said plates have slots 1, 1, formed therein for guiding same in their
proper course by means of pins 2, rivetted to the plate a, as shewn; E,
marks a needle soldered to the plate a. and there are a series of the
above-mentioned needles and plates arranged and disposed side by side
upon the plate C, as exhibited at Figure 1, of Sheet 5; the plate C', is
then placed thereon, and connected to the plate C, by snugs and screws
3, 3, as shown.
It will also be seen upon referring to Sheet 4, that the under side of
cach needle iron D, is formed with inclined edges 4, 5, for the purpose
of narrowing or widening the work, which is effected by means of the
bevilled rings G. II, coming into contact with the inclined edges 4, 5;
the upward movement of the ring G, serves to push the needles out-
wards, and the same movement of the ring H, pushes them inwards,
and there are guide rods d, affixed to the ring G, which rods work
through holes in the brackets B, and the lower ends of the rods d, are
connected to the bar I, by the pieces e, e, said bar working through

page_text: a hole in the cross bar K, and there are guide rods f, f, affixed to the
ring E, and working through holes in the brackets B, B, and the lower
ends of the rods are connected to a cross bar L, which fits and slides
freely upon the bar I, and by thus arranging these several parts the
rings G, and II, are directed and guided in their proper course, and
receive their motion from the levers M, and N, which are connected to
the bars 1, and I, by pins g, as shown, the fulcrum of said lovers being
a pin at h, passing through a bracket O, which is fixed to the cross har
K. P, marks the main axis of the machine upon and to which the parts
Q, R, S, T, U, V, are placed and attached Q, is a spool upon which is
wound the material to be employed; R, S, are arms hereafter described
and referred to; T, U. are arms carrying the rollers g, h, for actuating
the sinkers and pressers b. and c; V, is an arm carrying a roller i, for
pressing back the work; k, is a spring for keeping the roller i, always in
contact with the needle irons D, as they are moved inwards or outwards.
, is a plate fixed to the arm V, and employed for guiding and laying
the thread upon the needles; and as the above-mentioned arrangement
of parts is only applicable for forming the leg and foot part of stockings,
we propose to employ the following mechanism for forming the heel
part thereof: At Sheets 4, and 5, 1, mark rods the lower ends whereof
are securely fixed into the casting C, and to the upper ends of said
1ods a casting or ring of brass m, is affixed by thumb screws as shewn;
n, o, p, q, are annular plates of metal, the under surfaces whereof are
plane, and the upper surfaces are serrated or notched as a rack, as
shewn at Figure 2, of Sheet 4; the plates o, p, are fixed to the casting
m, and the plates n, 7, are loose thereon; and in connection with the
plates n, o, p, q, are the following parts: s, s', are hinged pushing pieces
(one of which is shewn detached at Figure 4), these pushing picces slide
in square holes formed in the arms r, & s, in which they are placed
in opposite directions with respect to each othei; t, is a dropper or pall,
one end of which is mounted upon a pin a, fixed in the arm s, shewn
also detached at Figure 3, the other end of said dropper takes into one
or other of the plates o, p, for the purpose hereafter mentioned; u, v,
are jointed studs attached to the arms T. The effect of this arrange-
ment is as follows:-Upon motion-being imparted to the axis-P, the

page_text: arm T, will be moved, and the stud ut, coming into contact with the end
1, of the hinged pushing piece s', will push it therefrom, as also the
rack plate with which it is in gear, and this movement of the rack plate
9,
will impart motion to the pushing piece s. and arm R, by reason of
the spring, which passes through a hole in said pushing piece, and the
effect of such motion will be to retire or force back the holder t, in the
rack p, one tooth in the direction of the arrow's flight; the arm T. is
now moved in the opposite direction, when the stud u, coming into
contact with the end 2. of the pushing piece s, will move the rack plate
9. in an opposite direction to that it was previously moved, and thereby
cause the holder t¹, to be retired or forced back as before stated. and
each alternate and successive movement of the axis P, and arm T, will
force the arms R, S, back one tooth of the rack 9, until they arrive at
the points o, o, thereof, which is the extent of their action; after which
said arms may be advanced or moved forward by raising the pushing
pieces s, s', from the rack plate q, and placing the holders t. t', in
the racks, o. for which purpose they will require to be turned into the
position denoted by red lines at Figure 2, of Sheet 5. Motion is then
imparted to the arm T, the hinged stud u, whereof will require to be.
turned down, and the stud v, up, and this stud coming into contact
alternately with the pushing pieces 3, in the arms R, will operate
thereon in a precisely similar manner to that before stated, but in an op-
posite direction; and as this arrangement is especially intended for form-
ing the heel part of stockings, the effect of, thus arranging the racks p,
9, and parts in connection therewith, will be to decrease the work by one
needle at every course of work produced, and this decrease will continue
until half the heel is formed, when the reverse action produced by the push-
ing pieces t, t', and rack plates n, o, will increase the work by one needle at
every course of work produced. until the whole of the heel is finished,
after which the studs u, v, are turned down, and the axis P, and the parts in
connection therewith, may then receive continuous rotatory motion, so as
to form the other parts of the stocking.
We will now proceed to describe the mode of manufacturing
stockings with this last-mentioned machine, from the commencement
of the operation, as follows:-The operator first exerts pressure from

page_text: the lever M, by which the needles E, will all be forced inwards
by the ring H, pressing against the inclined parts 5, of the needle
irons D; he then lowers the ring II, and afterwards raises the ring G,
by which all the needles will be pushed outwards; he next imparts rota-
tory motion to the axis P, by which the several operations of laying the
thread upon the needles, depressing the sinkers and pressers, and pressing
back the work, are successively performed; and having worked as many
courses as are required to form the straight part of the stocking, com-
mencing with the top part of the stocking, the operator then proceeds to
perform the operation of narrowing, so as to form the smaller part of the
leg of the stocking, which he effects in the following manner and by the
following means: suppose Z, at Figure 1, of Sheet 5, to represent that
needle and needle iron which is at the centre of the machine; he draws
back two of the needles as at a, u, situate at cach side of the needle Z, to
facilitate which cach pair of needles are connected together by a pin 6, as
shown; he then lowers the inner ring G, and afterwards raises the outer
ring II, by which the needles E, will be pushed inwards; he then works a
certain number of courses according to the fineness or correctness of the
material employed; he then lowers the ring H, and draws out two more
needles as at b, b, at each side of the needle Z, as before mentioned, and
again raising the ring II, works a certain number of courses as before;
and he proceeds in this manner until the operation of narrowing is
completed; after which he pushes all the needles inwards, and brings
into action the mechanism before described and employed for forming
the heel of the stocking; and when this operation is completed the
mechanism by which it was effected is thrown out of gear with the rack
plates n, 0, 2, 1, and the axis 1', again receives rotatory motion, which is
continued until the foot of the stocking is formed to the toe. The
stocking is now completed, and the machine now begins to make the
toc part of another stocking, and finishes with the top part thereof, in a s
similar manner to that before described with reference to the machine
represented at Sheets 1, 2. 3. And in this manner and by these means
we effect our improvements in machinery for the manufacture of textile
and looped fabrics.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and in what s

page_text: manner the same is to be and may be performed, we desire it to be
distinctly understood that we do not claim the exclusive use of any of
the separate parts above mentioned and referred to, except in so far as
the same may be employed in combination, and for the purposes of our
said Invention, which we hereby declare to consist in and we claim as
"Tinprovements in Machinery for the Manufacture of Textile and
Looped Fabrics."
Firstly, the combining together of the needles of machines to be
employed in the manufacture of textile and looped fabrics, in such
manner as that the points or innermost parts of such said needles shall
converge towards one common centre. And we would here remark that
we are aware of machines known in the trade as " Round-abouts" having
been hitherto made and extensively used in the manufacture of stockings,
and in which the needles have been arranged, disposed, and moved in
a circular direction, but by which straight work only could be produced,
without any narrowing or other alteration in the shape of the work, the
foot and heel of the stocking being produced by cutting the work in a
particular manner, and afterwards joining such cut portions together by
sewing. We do not therefore lay any claim to the arranging and disposing
of needles in a circular direction or frame, except when such needles
are arranged and disposed in such manner as that the points or innermost
parts thereof converge towards one common centre, as herein-before
particularly described, set forth, and represented by the illustrative
Drawings hereunto annexed.
Secondly, we claim the mechanical combinations and arrangements
of parts employed for performing the several operations essential to the
proper manufacture of stockings, and by which such articles may bo
made without a seam, as herein-before particularly described, set forth,
and represented by the illustrative Drawings hereunto annexed.
Thirdly and lastly, we claim the use and application of the mechanism
herein-before particularly described, set forth, and represented for the
purpose of manufacturing drawers, shirts, sheets, counterpanes, and
other articles of similar character, as constituting improvements in the
manufacture of textile and looped fabrics. We do not, however, intend
to limit or confine ourselves to the precise mode herein set forth for

page_text: carrying our said Invention into practical effect, but have only given
'them as examples of the means by which to attain 'this object, reserving
to ourselves the right of making such immaterial variations of form and
construction of the parts as experience may suggest, without departing
from the principle of 'construction upon which our said Invention is
based.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Henry Biddles (one of
the parties heroto) have hercunto set my hand and seal, this
Eighteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-three.
Witness,
GEO. JON. ROBINSON,
THOMAS HENRY BIDDLES. (LS.)
Accountant,
Nottingham.