Improvements in Studs, Rivets, or Fastenings for Boots, Shoes, Gloves, and other Articles, and in the Method of Manufacturing the same.
Year: 1889

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Studs, Rivets, or Fastenings for Boots, Shoes,
Gloves, and other Articles, and in the Method of Manufacturing
the same.
I, HENRY HAVELOCK CUMMINGS of Malden in the County of Middlesex and State
of Massachusetts one of the United States of America, Machinist, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has for its object to improve the construction of the hollow-pointed
shanks of studs, rivets or fastenings for boots, shoes, gloves and other articles
whereby the same may be easily upset without splitting.
Studs, rivets or fastenings, such as are herein to be described, are used chiefly on
leather, and more particularly in connection with boots and shoes and gloves.
In the manufacture of studs, rivets and fastenings having hollow shanks without
scam, it is customary to form the said hollow shanks by drilling into the end of the
same, which besides being a slow laborious process requiring much time. also leaves
the wall of the shank weak and very liable to split or crack longitudinally when
being upset or spread in the material, thus presenting a rough unsightly end at the
inner side of the material which is objectionable.
The stud, rivet or fastening heroin to he described, owing to the peculiar method
of its manufacture is stronger and will clinch or upset more evenly and without
splitting at its point than any other stud or fastening known to me and having a
hollow point.
My improved stud, rivet or fastening is produced in a novel manner from a blank
preferably cut or punched from rolled metal plate or sheet metal, the said blank in
the formation of the hollow-pointer shanks being cut into from their peripheries all
around for a short distance by preferably a chisel pointed tool or die, the blank being
rotated, part of the motal of the said blank not to enter into the formation of the
head of the stud or fastening being gradually turned or spun over to one side by
the said tool, thus gradually forming a hollow pointed shank.
The thickness of the blank from side to side may be more or less, and the
peripheral cut into its edge may be more or less distant from one side of the blank,
that depending upon the size of the fastening and the amount of stock it is desired to
leave for the head, or the length of the hollow shank.
If the stud is to have a hooked head, then the head-forming portion will bo
subjected at the proper time to a milling operation by a saw or mill which will cut
an annular groove of varing depth into the said head-forming portion from its
periphery, thus leaving a hook-like projection on the head of the stud.
This invention consists essentially in a stud, rivet or fastening having a hollow
pointed shank produced by cutting into the periphery of a metal blank and over-
turning and spinning or drawing a part of the said blank away from the head forming
part thereof and into tubular or hollow form as will be described.
Also, the herein described method of manufacturing studs. rivets or fastenings
having hollow pointed shanks which consists in cutting into the periphery of a blank,
and gradually turning one part thereof laterally away from the other part, and
forming the said part so made into a tube open at one end, substantially as will be
described.
Fig. 1 shows a metal blank for the production of a stud, rivet or fastening with a
small head.
Figs. 2, 3, and +, different steps in the production of the said stud, rivet or
fastening.
Fig. 5, shows the stud, rivet or fastening set in material.

page_text: Fig. 6, shews a form of hollow pivoted stud, rivet or fastening having a hook-like
head.
Figs. 7, 8, and 9, show different steps in the manufacture of the said stud, rivet or
fastening.
Fig. 10 shows a completed stud rivet or fastening having a hook-like head.
Fig. 11, a section in the line a Fig. 10, and
Fig. 12, shows the sind, rivet or fastening represented in Fig. 10 as clinched into
leather or material.
Referring to the drawings, a, b, represent blanks to be used respectively in making
a hollow pointed stud, rivet or fastening with small and with hooked heads, the said
blanks being supposed to be punched or cut in disk form, from sheet-metal, but they
might be sections or short lengths of soft or tough wire or rods.
The shanks, see Figs. 4 and 9, are formed by gradually cutting into the said
blanks from their edges or peripheries toward their centre by a suitable tool or cutter
having a chisel shaped or beveled edge, the said tool or cutter by its beveled edge
gradually forcing or turning that part of the blank in contact with it to one side or
over as at c in Figs. 2 and 7, the said blank being subjected it may be to tools or
cutters of differing shape or more and more obtuse angled at their edge to thus more
gradually force the metal over and cause it to assume the shape shown at e', c³,
leaving the shank more or less hollow pointed.
When thus cutting and overturning one part of the disk-like blank to form the
hollow pointed shank, the portion of the blank which is to enter into the formation
of or constitute the head of the stud, rivet or fastening need not be disturbed.
The portion of the blank bin Figs. 7, 8, and 9, not used for the hollow shank, is
thicker than in Figs. 2 and 3, and to form the head portion into a hook the said
portion while held eccentrically in a chuck carried by a rotating spindle will be
acted upon by a saw or milling tool which will attach the head-forming portion and
cut into the same an annular groove f, as in Fig. 10, but of unequal depth owing
to its eccentric position with relation to the axis of rotation the spindle thus leaving
a hook g and base connected by a post 3 at one side of the centre of the blank.
The tubular shank in either form of stud when inserted through a hole cut in
leather or other material in which it is to be put, is subjected to the action of a
suitable die and expanded outwardly as shown in Figs. 5 and 12.
The hook g may be formed either before or after the shank, but I prefer to form
it after.
During the operation of forming the hollow point I prefer to place a small rod
in the centre indentation 4, using it as a mandril over which to turn the metal.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
:-
1-A stud, rivet or fastening having a hollow pointed shank produced by
cutting into the periphery of a metal blank and overturning and spinning or drawing
a part of the said blank away from the head-forming part thereof and into tubular
or hollow form, substantially as described.
2-The herein described method of manufacturing studs, rivets or fastonings
having hollow pointed shanks which consists in cutting into the periphery of a blank,
and gradually turning one part thereof laterally away from the other part, and
forming the said part so made into a tube open at one end, substantially as
<described.
Dated the 2nd day of November 1920
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Agents.