IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPS AND VALVES
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Abraham Pullan and John Rudolph Meihé, both of
Lawrence Pountney Hill, in the County of Middlesex, for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPS AND VALVES."
+
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Abraham Pullan and John
Rudolph Meihé at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
9th June 1881.
ABRAHAM PULLAN and JOHN RUDOLPH MкTHE, both of Lawrence Pountney
Hill, in the County of Middlesex. “IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPS AND VALVES.".
The Invention consists in the construction and use of a liner or seating, with or
without grooves, on which the valves or loose pieces work by expansion, con-
traction, or pressure; or of grooves in the valves or loose pieces, said grooves being
furnished with suitable packing, by preference a packing made of asbestos cloth
prepared by steeping in india-rubber solution or rubber faced with asbestos; or
the liner or valves, either or both, or the packing itself, may be expanded or con-"
tracted by the plug or key or ring with projections to fit grooves, or by conient
or shaped wedges, or by the pressure of the liquids or fluids passing in ease the
top should be left shut, and the pressure put on the valves or loose pieces will give.
or yield and allow the pressure to pass through openings in the body, or by the
valve or loose piece next the pressure. In some cases we use only one valve or
loose piece in taps with a straight bore, having a stop cast in body or shell. Also
in making taps with three-way-plugs combined with a self-adjusting valve.
•
In addition the mode of reducing the height and operating a lift up valve or
valves by a combination of mechanical movement consisting of lever, wedge, and
screw, by a side screw, or by a bolt passing through the screw to adjust the conical
or V shaped wedges to press the packings out to their surfaces as they wear, and
an elastic packing between the valves or valve and plug to keep them tight to
their bores, seats, or faces. Also by making the valve of such a form that it can'
be operated by a side screw and wedged between the faces. Also making the
valves to open partly upwards and partly downwards, or wholly downwards, BO.
that when closed they are pressed against an elastic packing or otherwise at the-
top of valve box to insure its being tight after the sliding valve has passed over
the opening in valve box; or the packings in ports in valves are never exposed to

page_text: the liquids or fluids passing when open or shut. Also in some cases making the
valve or valves wholly of compound asbestos. Also in the mode of making taps
and valves adjustable, and to be self operating at certain pressures, and to indicate
the pressure by springs, and to combine in one safety valve, drain valve, and blow
through valve, or top and rotary valves with guard or shield to have ports and to
be made to rotate with a packing fitted in pockets or recesses in valve faces; these
valves are expanded by such devices as described for taps, or conical or V shaped
wedges between them, and assisted to their return by a spring or cam device, and
serve to form unions or couplings, and operated by worm or lever device. Also in
making valves and seats loose from their spindles and bodies and double faced, in
combination with a guard over the surface of valve and seating, so that they can
be turned when worn without breaking the joints in the piping, making in some
cases the spindle hollow for under valve. Also in valves intended for passing a
certain quantity of fluid in a given time by means of a draw or push spindle,
having thereon or loose a ball or other shaped valves, and sometimes self seating
valves inside globe like bodies with two or more seats. In some cases a descending
valve is fitted in the globe, said globe being pressed down to cause flow and to
stop itself after a given amount of flow, said spindle being arranged to lift or push
the valves to cause a given amount of flow, combined with regulating devices to
assist the fall of the valves. Sometimes the spindle is made hollow with a pin or
needle passing through for adjusting the valve or valve cap or valve inside of cap
with regulating devices for fall of valves. Also in elastic valves fitted between
Beats with pull or push rod. Or the spindle is made hollow with adjustable valves
fitted with a loose valve inside adjustable valve, with the addition of a self
adjustable valve. Also in blow off or pressure self-acting valves, making the
spindles and valves in one, and the spindle fashioned to act as a cleaner when
rotated; or they are made without cleaner, and the valves manipulated in their
passages or tap plugs by a needle-lifting or pushing spindle, with equilibrium hole
or port in chamber seat or valve, or to act as air valves, and when the valves are
separate from the spindle or in one therewith making in the valve or the seating a
small relief hole to serve and keep the valves in equilibrium when blowing off, and
when the tubes or pipes burst of water, air, or steam to serve as indicators, etc.
Also in low water detector valves, and consists in making the receptacle for
receiving the drop valve in or of one piece with the valve chamber, with a plug,
cock, or shut off valve arranged underneath said receptacle.
Sometimes we place two valves on one spindle, combined with double seatings,
the pressure acting upon the under side of one valve, and upon the top side of the
other, with lifting spindle outside; or we pass the valve lifting spindle through
the whistle or stop valve spindle; the same valve or valves answer the purpose of
shut off valves between the water, fire, and receptacle and shut off valve. Also we
place the detector valves, as above described, within the chamber supplied with
water and balanced in any way, so that the chamber will oscillate when the water
runs out and the valve falls and opens and sounds whistle.
Or we arrange a float on the end of valve spindle, and allow it to operate by
the fluid with a shut off valve over the top of the float valve to shut off the water
and steam after a certain quantity has been allowed to pass upon the fire; or we
use a ball and compound lever arrangement working an equilibrium valve, with a
stop valve arrangement for opening or shutting the same.
Also combining a low water detector and safety valve draw off tap in one. Also
in making low water detectors of tubes or hollows, discs or chambers, capable of
expansion by heat working valves, and sometimes applying to such chambers spirit,
mercury springs, corrugated or plain surfaces to operate valve or valves.
Also in the said chamber, but turned upside down, we use a push pin, and a
loose floating valve for selfacting relief valve for drawing off water and air from
cylinders and pipes.

page_text: -
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Abraham Pullan and John Rudolph Meihé in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 9th December 1881.
"
ABRAHAM PULLAN and JOHN RUDOLPH METHE, both of Laurence Pountney
Hill, in the City of London, in the County of Middlesex. IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPS
AND VALVES,"
This Invention consists in the construction and use of a liner or seating, with or
without grooves, on which the valves or loose pieces work by expansion, contraction,
or pressure, or of grooves in the valves or loose pieces, said grooves being furnished
with suitable packing, by preference, a packing made of asbestos cloth prepared
by steeping in india rubber solution, or rubber faced with asbestos, or the liner
or valves, or either, or both; or the packing itself may be expanded or contracted
by the plug, or key, or ring, with projections to fit grooves, or by conical or V shaped
wedges, or by the pressure of the liquids or fluids passing in case the tap should
be left shut, and the pressure put on the valves or loose pieces will give or yield,
and allow the pressure to pass through openings in the body or by the valve or
loose piece next the pressure. In some cases we use only one valve or loose
piece in taps with a straight bore, having a stop cast in body or shell; also in
making taps with three way plugs combined with a self adjusting valve.
In addition the mode of reducing the height and operating a lift up valve or
valves by a combination of mechanical movements consisting of lever, wedge, and
screw, by a side screw, or by a bolt passing through the screw to adjust the conical
or shaped wedges to press the packings out of their surfaces as they wear, and
an elastic packing between the valve or valves and plug to keep them tight to
their bore, seats or faces; also by making the valve of such a form that it can be
operated by a side screw and wedged between the faces; also making the valves to
open partly upwards and partly downwards, or wholly downwards, so that when
closed they are pressed against an elastic packing or otherwise at the top of the
valve box to insure its being tight after the sliding valvė has passed over the
opening in valve box; or the packings in parts in valves are never exposed to the
liquid or fluids passing when open or shut; also in some cases making the valvo
or valves wholly of compound asbestos; also in the mode of making taps and
valves adjustable, and to be self operating at certain pressures, and to indicate the
pressure by springs, and to combine in one safety valve, drain valve, and blow through
a valve or stop, and rotary valves with guard or shield to have parts and be made
to rotate with a packing fitted in pockets or recesses in valve faces; these valves
are expanded by such devices as described for taps, springs, or conical or V shaped
wedges between them, and assisted to their return by a spring or cam device, and
serve to form unions or couplings, and operated by worm or lever device; also in
making valves and seats loose from their spindles and bodies and double faced, in
combination with a guard over the surface of valve and seatings, so that they can
be turned when worn without breaking the joints in the piping; making in some
cases the spindle hollow for under valve; also in valves intended for passing a
certain quantity of fluid in a given time by means of a draw or push spindle,
having thereon, or loose, a ball or other shaped valves, and sometimes self seating
valves inside globe like bodies with two or more seats. In some cases a descending
valve is fitted to the globe, said globe being pressed down to cause flow, and to
stop itself after a given amount of flow, said spindle being arranged to lift or push
the valves to cause a given amount of flow combined with regulating devices to
assist the fall of the valves. Sometimes the spindle is made hollow with a pin or

page_text: needle passing through for adjusting the valve, or valve cap, or valve inside of cap
with regulating devices for fall of valves; also in elastic valves fitted between seats
with pull or push rod. Or the spindle is made hollow with adjustable valves fitted
with a loose valve inside adjustable [valve with the addition of a self adjustable
valve; and also in blow off and pressure self acting valves, making the spindles
and valves in one, and the spindle fashioned to act as a cleaner when rotated; or
they are made without cleaner, and the valves manipulated in their passages.or
top-plugs by a needle lifting or pushing the spindle with equilibrium signal, or
danger holes, or port on chamber seat or valve to inform the attendant the glass
is broken, or to act as air valves, and when the valves are separate from the spindle
or in one therewith making in the valve or the seating a small relief hole to
`serve and keep the valves in equilibrium when blowing off, and when the tubes
or pipes burst of water, air, or steam to serve as indicators, &c., and combining at
the top of guage one of the self operating safety valves; also in low water detector
valves, and consist in making the receptacle for receiving the drop valve in or of
one piece with the valve chamber, with a plug cock or shut off valve arranged
underneath said receptacle. Sometimes we place two valves on one spindle.
combined with double seatings and shields, the pressure acting upon the underside
of-one valve and upon top side of other, with lifting spindle outside, or we pass the
valve lifting spindle through the whistle or stop valve spindle; the same valve or
valves answer the purpose of shut off valves between the water, fire, and receptacle,
and shut off valve; also we place the detector valves, as above described, within a
chamber supplied with water, and balanced in any way so that the chamber will
oscillate when the water runs out, and the valve falls and opens, and sounds
whistle. Or we arrange a float on the end of valve spindle and allow it to operate
by the fluid with a shut off valve over the top of the float valve to shut off the
water and steam after a certain quantity has been allowed to pass upon the fire, or
we use a ball and compound lever arrangement working an equilibrium valve
with a stop valve arrangement for opening or shutting the same; also combining a
low water detector and safety valve draw off tap in one; also in making low water
detectors of tubes or hollows, discs, or chambers of expansion by heat making
valves, and sometimes applying to such chambers spirit, mercury springs, corrugated
or plain surfaces, to operate valve or valves; also in the said chamber, but turned
upside down, we use a push pin and a loose floating valve for self acting relief
valve for drawing off water and air from cylinders and pipes.
Our improvements relate to further developements of Inventions described in
the Specifications of former Letters Patents granted to one of us, dated 4th April
.1860, No. 862, and 24th October 1876, No. 4128.
Our improvements relate to an improved construction of cocks, taps, or valves,
whereby they are always tight and prevented from sticking fast owing to the
expansion on the metal on becoming heated as the valves give and take, or from
becoming leaky through unequal expansion and contraction of metals, or through
wear, dispensing with steam or heated jackets round the plugs or valves. Owing
to the valve plug being parallel it presents a clear full straight way equal to the
bore of the pipe more than ordinary cocks and valves. When once they have been
fixed the working parts can be repaired without removing the body or shell of cook
or valve, avoiding breaking or disturbing joints.
The Invention consists in fitting into the body of the cock or shell a bush or
lining A which is held in its position by a slot being cast in one side of body or
shell of cock with lugs on each side of slot for bolte, Fig. 2, when the bolts are
tightened up.it prevents the bush or lining from turning round and makes a tight
joint between bush and shell, or they may be screwed in; this bush or lining is
plain or has slots or grooves C inade in it running round the top and bottom or
the bottom only with vertical grooves, the packing being put in the top of bush or
lining and pressed tight with loose ring D with packing over it and gland nut;
also the valves or loose pieces B or cock plug E to receive packing made of gasket,
asbestos, or anything elastic, metaline, or asbestos steeped in or incorporated with

page_text: india rubber F, which latter would be more elastic than asbestos only, or any
suitable metals that will work with gun metal or other metals without cutting,
The cook plug is fitted with valves or loose pieces fitting accurately the inside of
bush or lining or the packing in the slots or grooves, and pressed against the latter
by two helical springs G or anything elastic fitted into holes made through the
body of the plug above and below the passage or way of the plug, so that each
spring acts upon the valves or loose pieces taking up all wear and effectually
preventing any escape of liquid fluid or air; it is really a self adjusting cock, tap,
or valve when the packing is worn out, the bush or lining is taken out, repacked,
and replaced equal to new, or if the valves get out or worn they can be replaced
by new ones, the parts being all made to guages. Duplicates can be had at the
time of purchase or from the works, thus the body and shell and plugs of cocks,
tapa, or valves last for years, and the pipe line joints or objects they may be fixed
to or between is never broken or disturbed.
The valves or loose pieces may have the vertical alots only or grooves made in
them and packed, as previously described, instead of the bush or lining, or inside of
cock when no bush or lining is used.
In place of using springs or other elastic substances to press the valve or loose
pieces to the inside of busb, lining, or body or shell of cock, tap, or valve, we make
the valves or loose pieces to have about th of an inch of space H on the plag
diametrically opposite the inlet and outlet apertures; by this arrangement when
the cock is shut the pressure from the inlet will press the valve or loose piece tight
against the outlet aperture, effectually preventing any escape or leakage; or we
adjust the valves or loose pieces as they, or the packing, bore of bush or lining, or
bore of cock, tap, or valves become worn by means of tapering the plug that fits
inside the valves or loose pieces, and is adjusted either from the top or bottom of
cock, tap, or valve by this method, Fig. 80. The working surfaces are never
changed, as is the case when it is a solid plug adjusted in the same or ordinary
way, which often makes a cock or valve leak more when adjusted than before
adjustment on account of coming upon surfaces that have not worn, fit, or ground
to each other; or the tapered plug adjusts any of the packings to the inside of lining
or bore of cock, with or without the valves or loose pieces plain or fitted with
packings in vertical alots in them, with a fence or solid part I round ports or warp,
so that when the cock is shut metal only covers the ports; or we make the plug
hollow so that the valves or loose pieces fit upon it, the pressure always being on
the inside, the plug presses the valves or loose pieces to the bearing inside the bush,
lining, or body or shell of cooks, taps, or valves as they wear, and there being no
action of the pressure on the face of the valves or loose pieces, as the pressure is at
all times inside the plug, and the plug can also be adjusted from the top or bottom
if required, as before described, or may be steam jacketed, Fig. 83. We also make
an uniform expansion tap, cock, or valve, the plug being the hollow and seat screwed
into centre of outside casing, Fig. 18, and is parallel or tapered, and the valves or
loose pieces fit on outside of plug and are kept tight by the pressure on the outside
of same instead of inside, as herein before described; by taking steam at each side
gives greater area than given in other cocks or taps, and the central plug valves or
loose pieces can be replaced when worn out, and the cock, tap, or valve and
packings, &c., made new again and can be used, as herein before described, and the
packing is put in nearly the whole diameter of seat or the inside of valves or loose
pieces, only leaving a fence round the parts to prevent the packing from turning
round in opening or closing, and the packings are never exposed to the action of
the steam, &c. We also make this class of tap, cock, or valve with a straight bore
in line and one valve or loose piece working on the outside of centre plugs kept
tight by the pressure, there being a stop cast in body or shell for centre plug to fit
against at the outlet side, Figs. 31 and 32. The inside of the valves or loose pieces
are fitted in with sheet india rubber covered with sheet asbestos, nor are the
packings ever exposed to the action of steam or fluids passing through them, as
shown in Figs. 19 and-21. -

page_text: Or we make one valve or loose piece to fit upon half of central plug, so that
when the cock or tap is shut the pressure keeps the valve or loose piece tight
against the inside bore of body or liner of cock, Figs. 24 and 25. By another
method we can get the full area of pipe in cock'; the centre of inlet and outlet is
made out of centre to the body; this enables us also to make the bodies of the cocks,
taps, or valves much smaller in diameter, saving metal friction; the top end of the
cocks, &o., are kept tight by an india rubber ring faced with asbestos screwed down
with gland nut to body or shell; this is also shown in Figs. 24 & 25.
We also make the plugs of cocks or taps parallel or tapered covered with the india
rubber faced on both sides with asbestos; upon each side of plug round the port
way or passage of plug is cast a fence or projection of metal turned to fit bore of
cock, and also carrying the asbestos rubber or packing round with it in working.
To prevent the action of steam or fluids working on the surface of packing when
the cock is shut we insert a piece of drawn sheet brass or phosphor bronze
valves or loose pieces with sufficient lap all round the port or way, and it is kept
up tight by the packing behind; when these are cut or worn they can be replaced
at a trifling cost, Figs. 26 & 27. The barrel or shell has a slot cut through it the
whole length, as Fig. 2, and at each side there are lugs fitted with screws so that
when the plug requires adjusting the screws are tightened up to fit plug, instead
of adjusting the plugs endways, avoiding the results hereinbefore described. The
above description is always carried out in parallel plug cocks, in regard to their
adjustment not being endways, but by expanding the valves or loose pieces, &c.,
and contracting the bore of shell lining or bush; or when we have one valve or loose
piece in cock on the plug, we only insert one piece of sheet brass or phosphor
bronze valve or loose piece, and the valve or loose piece on plug is only the length
of the piece of sheet brass valve or loose piece, and the packing in bottom part of
cock is expanded tight to barrel by the valve or loose piece being acted upon by
the packing and gland at the top side of valve on plug and loose piece or valve of
sheet brass or bronze.
Or we have the two valves or loose pieces only the lengths of the vertical grooves
in body or liner of cock tap or valve, being pressed against the asbestos faced
rubber by packing between the valves and the plug or springs in the plug and a
loose washer with projections; one to fit grooves in cock is fit on top of the packing,
so that the gland nut presses the packing and ways only to the valve or loose pieces
in the vertical grooves slots, or the whole diameter of the bore of the body or liner
of cock having a fence cast in same round the ports or ways, the top and bottom
portion of cock or tap being packed with rings of asbestos faced rubber and
tightened up endways with packing nut at the top or rings on the central plug with
nut and washer at bottom, see Figs. 6 and 7, and Figs. 4 and 5. We also make
one half of the plug to fit bush or cock only, using one valve or loose piece pressed
against the outlet by springs or anything elastic, or a little play on the gland
nut and the pressure will keep the valve or loose piece up to its bearing, or
the pressure inside the plug, or the pressure acting upon the valve upon square
plug in conjunction with an elastic ball upon square spindle to keep valve
tight, Figs. 28 and 29. Or the plug may have one valve fitted on it and the
port for the other valve fitted up with asbestos or anything elastic or any metals,
as hereinbefore described, and fitted to the bore of cocks, bush, or lining, Figs. 26
& 27. When water alone is used we make the bush or lining of lignum vitae or
any other suitable wood or glass, as also the valves or loose pieces of the same
material to work upon the metal by having a slot inside or several small holes J
drilled in the side of the shell, or cock, or valve; it acts as a safety or relief valve
in cases where they are left shut, or in case of any other obstruction, and so prevents
the bursting of pipes, pumps, &c., as the valve or loose piece next the inlet is forced
from its bearing and allows the pressure to escape through the holes or slot in the
side of the shell or body, Figs. 22 & 23. We also make a compound cock, the
valves and loose pieces and asbestos and other packing working together in the
same bore of cook; to more effectually insure a tight cock or valve we make

page_text: vertical tapered slots in cock plug, Figa 8 & 9, these slots are filled in with any
of the packings named, and as they wear the plug is adjusted either from the top or
bottom and expands the packing out to the bore of cock, bush, or lining. The valve
or valves or loose piece or pieces fit on the central plug between the packing in slots,
in plug and fence or projection turned to fit the bore it works in; this cock is fitted
with a stop so that it can be only turned in one direction, and that not to cause
the packing in central plug to travel over the cental ports or ways in the cocks,
taps, or valves. This plug with its packings can be used with or without valves
working in bush or liner, Figs. 10 & 11, or the plain bore of shell or body of cooks,
taps, or valves; or the adjustable packing in plug is made only the length to cover
the ports or ways in the cocks or valves to meet the packings put in from the top
and bottom, so the internal plug adjusts the packing in the centre to prevent
leakage through the ports or ways, and the packing in the top and bottom is
adjusted in the usual way and for the usual purpose, and meets the central packing
on plug. Our Invention includes a new kind of cock or valve, the body of cock is
made of any kind of materials that can be used for such purposes. We take a
short length of india rubber tube asbestos coated, and fit in each end of same a
ferrule or nipple; it is then placed in the body of cock or valve, and the cover
which has a hollow recess in it to fit upon the ends of the tube with ferrules in is
screwed down tight upon the tube ends and to body of cock. The cover is fitted
with a screw and an elongated slide to bear upon the centre of the rubber tube,
and by screwing the screw down on the rubber tube it shuts the cock or valve off
by working the screw; either way shuts or opens it, and when open it gives a clear
full bore of pipe, and is simply repaired by a new piece of tube and equal to new
again; or we make a piece of pipe slide inside the asbestos rubber coated tube
with ports in each of them fit in a body or chamber, and by simply sliding the
metal tube opens and closes the cock or valve, and the pressure being all round
the tube when shut off presses the rubber tight to tube and so prevents leakage,
and can be simply repaired, as herein before described. In lift-up valves we use
the same kind of plugs with valves or loose pieces, bushes, or linings, with packinga
and materials, as hereinbefore described. The plugs, valves, and loose pieces may
be made taper or conical, Figa, 41, 42, 44, 45, 48, 49, & 52.
When flat diso valves are used we apply the same method of springs or anything
elastia, keeping the diso valves always tight against the seats, thereby never
exposing them to the pressure, always being covered by the plug, piston, or disos
or valves while being opened or shut, keeping the seats and valves thoroughly
clear from grit deposit or dirt, and on each side of the inside of valve box is cast
or fit a projection wedge shape at each side or in the centre, and the back of the
dise valves are more wedge shape to. fit the said projection. When the disc valves
are shut down or up they are wedged effectually against any escape of air, liquid,
or fluid. In order to open the lift up valves more quickly one part of the valve
alides downwards, and the other upwards by right and left handed screws and nut
in each valve, Fig. 86; thus the valve is opened in half the time with the same
power. The seats and valves are packed or made of the materials herein before
mentioned. For the highest pressures we make the valves, loose pieces, bushes,
and linings of phosphor bronze, and when the valves, loose pieces, discs, or valves
are working on seatings of packings entirely, as hereinbefore described, the
loose pieces, dises, or valves are only made in phosphor bronza. In order to reduce
the height in lift up valves and save metal and first cost of same we construct the
valve upon the principle of lever, wedge, and screw combined in one to open, shut,
and wedge tight the valves against the face or faces; on the back of valves wedge
shaped pieces are east; a lever with corresponding wedge upon it to fit those on
the back of valves fits between them. This lever is fitted to a pin as a fulcrum at the
outer diameter of valve and the other end of lever has a thread cut in it to form
nut for lifting screw, so in place of lifting screw being in the centre in the usual
way it is carried down at the side, saving a considerable height in the valve box;
the screw lifts the lever, carries with it the valves to open same, and vice versa,

page_text: Figs. 34, 35, & 36. In closing and when they arrive at the bottom or top of valve
box the screw acts upon the end of lever and the lever upon the wedge, and so
makes the valve tight like one solid mass of metal; or the nut for lifting screw is
cast with a cone or V piece that fits between the valves or discs when shut against
the top or bottom; this cone or V piece tightened the valves to their faces and end.
The slight play there occurs in this lift up valve when the valves are released to
open them is taken up and the valves kept tight together against the faces by a
spring or the asbestos faced rubber or anything elastic between the valves; when
the valves are moving over the faces any dirt, grit, or deposit is thoroughly taken
off and cannot be jammed between the valve faces and valves, as is the case with
the ordinary valves. In place of the two dise valves we make one circular valve
to fit body or shell of valve box, and the inside of valve is turned out to fit turned
block fit in valve box, Figs. 37 & 38. This block has a hole cast in it equal to the
full bore of the pipe, so this half circular valve is tapered and wedges itself
between the circular faces in valve box and is opened and closed by our improved
screw at the side; by this improved valve the width of valve as well as the height
is much reduced, saving first cost; we can apply our improved system for opening
all other existing valves. We also make an improved lift up and down valve, one
to slide up and the other down, as hereinbefore described, Fig. 36. The valves
have ports cast in them larger than the openings or ways in the body of valve.
These ports are filled up with asbestos with an india rubber core in the centre, or
asbestos faced rubber or any elastic packing or metals before named; the face of
the packings or metals work against the flat faces in body of valve, and the back
of packings or metal bear against the vertical cones or V pieces, which forces the
packings against the faces when the valve is shut with the right and left handed screw
that fits the cones or V's. When the two valves are shut the lap part is packed to
make a tight joint; when the face of packing is worn away thin, so that the cones or
V pieces cannot press them any further through valve ports, the packings are taken
out and reversed round and lined up and are equal to new. The valves having no
wear will last for years; the wear is all upon the faces in body and the packings;
when the valves are in one piece and lift only one way the screw is made hollow
with a collar upon cone or V and a bolt is passed up the hollow screw with bead
upon it to lift lever cone or valve; so when the valve is shut the bolt is tightened
up on the top of lifting screw and the cones force the packings tight to their faces,
Figs. 48, 49, & 52. If the bodies are round the valves have ports in them and are
packed and manipulated as hereinbefore described. The cones or V pieces in some
cases are made elastic, so when tightened up they elongate and take a round on
their original shape; they press the packings or valves to their faces, so there is no
chance of any foreign matter ever coming between the working surfaces and
thereby cutting them. When all the elastic power is gone out of the cones or
V pieces owing to wear and tear of the packings, valves, and seats, all that is
required is to tighten up the bolt in hollow screw, thereby rendering the valve tight
again and equal to new; to get over the difficulty of the packing being cut away on
the bottom of the sliding valve faces and the faces in body of the valve
box been exposed to the cutting current of the fluid when being. opened in
the ordinary way, we open the valves the reverse way downwards by having
the opening screw at the side, which enables us to fit an elastic cushion or seat at
the top of valve boxes, so that when the valve is shut the screw and lever jams the
top of the valve tight against the elastic seat so that leakage is next to impossible;
-by this construction the adjustable packing for the sides and bottom and ports or
ways is carried in the valves which are never exposed to the fluid or gas when open
or shut Figa 39 & 40 the above principle is carried out. For round piston lift up
valves we make the valves in some cases all of compound asbestos fit on to the
wedge lever, Figs. 41 & 42. Our Invention also relates to further improvements
upon the stop valves. It consists of a helical steel spring or anything elastio being
fitted into a box cast on the top of the valve. The bottom of nut and screw for
opening and closing valve is screwed to the top of spring box, thereby preventing

page_text: anything entering the box which might corrode or injure the springs. The lifting
screw is made hollow for the spring adjusting screw to pass up through; the top of
this screw is fitted with a thumb nut or handle or hand wheel, and the thread at
the bottom end of same fits the same nut as the valve lifting screw; the spring can
then be adjusted to the working pressure required similarly to a spring balance,
Fig. 55.
The spring screw is made flat on the one side at the top end for the
pressure scale to be marked upon it, its object is that in the event of the stop
valves being closed and the main safety valves sticking fast and not blowing off,
the stop valve shall lift and let the pressure out by a small valve arranged at the
side of spring box, covering such an opening or port in body of valve box to sound
a whistle and preventing the pressure rising in excess to injure the power
reservoirs of either air, water, steam, compressed gus, or any fluid or liquid, or we
fit a valve inside the stop valve with spring box, and manufactured in the same
manner, and the spring-adjusting screw is made hollow, and the sentinel whistle
fitted upon the top of same for giving warning when the steam is too high; this
valve will act with the stop valve open as well as shut, Fig. 54.
We apply the same device to the working cylinders of the engines and the pumps
for preventing them from bursting or being injured. The valves and seats may be
made of the materials herein before described, for this purpose we make a stop
valve, safety, and alarm valve combined in one; it is an automatic safety cock for
steam cylinders, &c., and is a perfect safeguard against injury to the cylinder by
an accumulation of water. The safety valve is adjusted so that no steam comes
out, but the moment any water accumulates between the cylinder cover and piston
in completing its stroke, there is an extraordinary pressure brought to bear upon
the valve and opens it; and the water will escape without waste of steam. The
valve can be opened like an ordinary cock, being a great advantage saving extra
holes being bored in the cylinders for the common escape valves; in the centre of
the adjustable valve another valve is fitted which is pressed out by a spring the
moment the steam is shut off allowing the condensed water to run out; this valve
is always open when the engine is standing still and steam shut off, no tallow or
any foreign matter passing through the cylinders can interfere with its action.
Our valve plug cock with the ports or openinga made at right angles, and adjusted
with springs inside of cocks to the pressure will answer the above object, because
when the cock is shut the valve next the cylinder part of cock is opened by the
extra pressure of the water and allows the latter to escape. The valves can be
adjusted with a spring or such device on the outside of the body or barrel of cock,
tap, or valve, Figs. 50, 51, and 65.
Our Invention also consists of improvements in the construction of wheel or stop
valves whereby we are enabled to repair the working parts of same without ever
removing the body of valve from the piping into or between which any article
it has once been fixed, and thus saving the expenses of breaking and remarking the
joints.
We accomplish this object by inserting a double seated loose valve seat into
the body of valve, this seat being made of gun metal, malleable or east iron, or
any suitable material, so that when one seat is worn out it can be lifted out
and turned over and the valve made into new again, the valve is also made
double seated and separate from the spindle, for opening and closing same has a
flange at its bottom end, and is turned out to receive the loose valve and acts as a
shield to protect the valve seat that is not in use from the action of the steam,
chemicals, or anything injurious to the valves or seats, the valve seat is similarly
protected; the valve is attached to spindle under shield with nut, and can be
made to turn with spindle or not at pleasure. When one seat of valve is worn
out the spindle is taken out and the valve turned over like the valve seat, and
thus made into new again. The removing of the body of the valve is never required
for any purpose, and will stand years of wear, and is made into new without any
loss for a considerable time, and then only a trifling loss for a duplicate valve or
seat. It is easy to examine by taking out the stuffing box, and spindle is all that

page_text: is required to replace, or turn over valves or seats; by having the valve and seat
distinct parts of the other portion of the valve enables us to make them of phosphor
bronze, steel, or any hard metal, or of white brass or metals, or of glass, or they
may be cast in shells of any material and ground together tight, and for water
made of lignum vitæ or any suitable wood, or made in moulds of gutta percha,
hard or soft rubber, ebonite, compounded asbestos, rubber faced asbestos, leather,
or anything suitable that can be applied in this manner for valves and seats; the
seats may be flat, angular, or any shape desired, Figs, 69, 70, 71, 74, and 75. The
valves and seats are applicable and of equal importance for pump-safety-valves,
check, back pressure, and relief valves, and for very high pressures we make the
valve spindle hollow, and a valve with its spindle passing up through the hollow
spindle is drawn up tight to the seating under the top valve and seating, when the
top one is screwed down tight by a nut or any other device at the top of hollow
spindle on the stuffing box; in this case the valves and seats are separate from
spindle or body of valve, Fig. 70. We apply our new valve seat protector to
existing double seated valves, or to seats that are fixed, or solid upon spindles or
solid in the body, Figs. 72 and 75.
We also fit a seating in the body of valve with ports in same, and the valve
spindle has fitted at the bottom end a collar or head with space turned in to
receive compound asbestos or any of the packings herein before described to make
seating when shut, on the top of seating under the collar or head is the two valves
or loose pieces fitting the bore of seatings with ports in, and is kept tight by
the pressure of steam inside of them, or by any of the arrangements hereinbefore
described, Fig. 73. The valve is opened and closed vertically, and can be made
into new by replacing the seating and valves or loose pieces; the valves or loose
pieces are made in moulds of compound asbestos or anything elastic that is suitable
for the purpose they may be used for, the pressure being inside to expand them
tight to the external seating, or it may be a tube or hollow ring instead of the
valve or loose piece when made of elastic materials.
We also make a new design of rotary stop valve by fitting a round disc valve
with port or ports in of any shape with a centre bearing on each side of valve for
it to turn upon this valve is fit in between two faces with port or ports in the
opposite ends to the port faces is the male or female screwed ends to connect the
pipes to in the usual way and it forms a union valve or cock it is either screwed
together in the centre like a union or bolted together with flanges on the outside &
edge of disc is cast a worm quadrant and a worm is fit to it for opening and
shutting the valve or it may be opened and shut by a handle fit to valve working
in slot in circle its construction is such as will render it impossible to stick fast
like plugs in ordinary cocks the seats have recesses in them of pockets filled in
with asbestos for the valve to work upon or the valve is fitted in with asbestos
or any of the herein before mentioned packings working upon the metal faces or
upon any of the packings the valves and seats are made of any of the herein before
mentioned materials fit with shields or caps being separate from the body or shell
can be taken out and turned round when both sides are worn out then new ones
are put in when the valve gets too much worn it is adjusted by the screw or 4
flanges in the centre or the valve is made in two parts with springs or anything
elastic fitted between them similar to the valves or loose pieces hereinbefore
described for cocks and valves instead of valve working upon central pins it can
turn upon the outside diameter of valve itself Figa 60, 61, 62, 68, 64, 66, 67, and
68, the worm teeth being in the centre or the handle or the valve can be worked
from crank pin fitted with handle by the movement of handle causes the valve
to move in a circle between the faces and opens a full bore the same as pipe the
pressure is always on the back of valves pressing them tight to their faces when
this valve is required to discharge at each opening a limited quantity of steam
water or any fluid the valve seat next inlet or outlet is made to turn by the
friction of the valve in opening the valve seat is then moved back by a spiral
spring (or any other shape spring) made of steel india rubber or any other material

page_text: and closed the time of closing is regulated by the tension of the spring a set
screw is fitted to the valve and seat to add friction in opening when requisite or
stop on such device may be fitted to valve and seat to carry them round together in
opening and disconnected when open by spring &c. for spring to fill it round
and closes it or the ports or openings may be made on the angle for the pressure
to turn valve seat and close it Fig. 62.
We also apply our Invention to lift up regulator valves, so that any quantity of
steam, water, or any fluid may be discharged that is required at each lifting of the
valve, and no more, or the smallest quantity of steam, water, &c., can be drawn,
but it cannot be fixed in any way for a continual supply more than it is set for at
each lift, Figs. 73, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 83, 84, and 87. A central plug or seating, as
herein before described, with ports or ways in for cocks and valves fitted with two
outside valves or solid ring or loose pieces, Fig. 78. These valves or loose pieces
are lifted by a cap or shield made into a sliding fit on the outside. There is a
small hole made in top of the shield or cap to let the pressure in, so that the valves
are in equilibrium and fall by their own gravity in a certain time according to size
hole made in cap or shield with spindle passing up through lifting spindle adjusted
outside, or it may be a screw pointed valve opposite the hole at the bottom of
spindle inside, so when once set it cannot be tampered with; or the valve may be
drawn back to its seat by a spring, as hereinbefore described. For rotary stop
valve to obtain the same object we use an india rubber ball, cones, or cylinders
weighted inside or outside with a wire rod passing through it to draw it from its
metal seat, Figs. 76 and 77. The ball, cones, or cylinders are always in equilibrium
when open, and the weight on or in ball causes it to overcome the friction on wire
rod and fall to its seat and shut off the supply according to the ball's fit on wire rod,
so is the time regulated hence the quantity of supply, when the ball is under the
seat floatation, assists the valve to alose, or we fit a flat elastic washer or diaphragm
across the chamber or body above the valve, Fig. 77, so when the valve is lifted it
comes against the diaphragm and lifts it also, and compresses the air in space above
it and forms a spring to assist in closing the valve when the spindle is pressed back;
or if the spindle is left up, the diaphragm and the air forces the tube down as with
its own gravity. The rod may be fitted with two loose pieces for ball to slide
upon, and adjusted from the outside, as above described, to regulate the time of
ball's descent. By this arrangement the ball can be fixed upon spindle and used as
an ordinary valve when required; wood valves or of any metal or weighted with
lead of any shape can be used with india rubber seats. We also apply the india
rubber ball, cone, or cylinder, fitted between double seats or an elastic valve in the
body of the shell; between the seats are ports or passages to let the fluid pass in and
out, and none can pass, only the amount measured off, in side chamber when the
spindle is held up, and it cannot be fixed to allow a continuous stream, Figa 91
and 92. In place of the ball acting as valve we fix it between two disc valves and
the spindle passes through the valves and ball or spring, in opening the valve the
spindle is lifted, carries with it the top valve and ball or spring until it closes the
inlet to chamber or measuring box, Fig. 98. The ball or spring is compressed
until the head of spindle (which is now moving through the two valves) comes to
the bottom valve and lifts it and lets the measured fluid out. When the opening
lever is let go the pressure opens the valve, or it may be opened and closed by a
screw or lever; or we fit the valve with disc or piston valve fitting the body of
valve box or cock. The top side of valve is fitted with an elastic bush or seat, and
the spindle for lifting valve is pressed into this bush or seat, and in lifting the
spindle and valve the top side of valve comes in contact with an adjustable stop fit
in the top of valve box, then the spindle is drawn out of the elastic bush or seat;
the valve is then free to descend to its seat and closed by the same arrangement
bereinbefore described for this class of valve or cock, and an adjustable valve is fit
in a hole passing through the valve; this bole fits upon a valve seat in the bottom
of the chamber when shut, if desired, or when the valve is shut off there is a supply
passage through the small valve and keeps the large valve tight upon its seat;

page_text: when lifted this pressure runs out, Fig. 93; or instead of the lifting spindle a lock
plug is fitted in supply passing in some cases.
The adjustable stop also regulates the time occupied in the valve closing according
to the height of stop in body of valve. The valves and seats are double faced, or
seated so as to be turned over and made of the same materials as hereinbefore
described. Instead of the spindle lifting the valve it is separate from the valve
and screws a few threads into the top of chamber and in opening the valve or cock
unscrew the spindle a few threads and then lift it up and the pressure of steam
water &c. forces the valve up a passage under the valve to the top of chamber
and thus permits the steam water &c. to escape at the same time that this takes
place the steam water &c. flow through a hole or passage in the valve to the top
part of chamber and accumulates there and with the weight of valve and spindle
overcomes the pressure underneath and gradually forces the valve down again upon
its seat and the screw spindle is then tightened upon the valve the hole in valve is
fit with a rod to form guide to insure the valve coming to its right place for seat
of this hole which is a piece of elastic material fit in the bottom of chamber by the
side of valve seat according to the fit of this pin in the hole of valve the time is
regulated to the greatest nicety the valve is falling Figs. 79 and 8 hence the amount
of discharge when we take the pressure in at the side of the valve we fit a shield
or adjustable cap over the valve the lifting spindle passes through the centre of
this adjustable shield or cap into the elastic socket in valve and by raising it so
lifts the valve into the shield or cap the valve is fit with small valve or rod for
letting the pressure into shield or cap as hereinbefore described. The valve may
be lifted up into the shield or cap by an inclined plane or cam on the back of rotary
valve hereinbefore described or the shield and valve together lifted and fitted with
valve and rod as described for other valves Fig. 83.
.
We also make a double piston valve with a hole through its centre fitted with
spindle for opening same, which opens the valve by pressing spindle down and
uncovers ports inside of valve box body, Fig. 78. The spindle is made a good sliding
fit, or the hole in double valve is bushed with india rubber, cork, or anything elastic
BO as to fit and insure the valve moving with spindle; the pressure then closes the
valve in a given time. There is a partition or division cast across the valve box at
the inlet side to divert the pressure or water to the top valve; to cause it to close it
is also fit with tube or rod, as hereinbefore described, or the top valve may be made
of larger area than bottom, one to ensure its overcoming the friction of spindle and
sliding piston valves; this valve cannot be left open, or the valves may be made
separate from each other, and seatings made in body of valve box, so that the
pressure in lifting one valve closes it against a spring fitted in between the two
valves, or over and under them, to equalise the pressure to make it work auto-
matically, or a small hole is made through one of the valve seats to let the pressure
in between the valves or over the valves, which ever way it may be worked. Our
Invention includes a double action regulator valve; this valve is made with a central
passage or tube communicating with the inlet. On the top of this passage or tube is
a double valve seat, and over this valve seat is fitted a globe, hollow ball, or chamber
with a valve seat at the bottom of globe to fit the under valve seat at the top of
inlet passage or tube, or in the inside of globe is carried a shield cap or tube with a
loose valve fitted in same to fit seat at the top of inlet passage, its action is when
the pressure of steam, water, &c., comes into the valve it enters the globe and slides
upwards on its stem, fitting socket in valve body, and closes the under valve seat
by raising the globe or ball, and the centre valve inside of globe or ball falls from
the cup or tube by its own gravity, or it is fit with valve or rod, as hereinbefore
described, the pressure being equal on each end of valve by a slight pressure on the
top of globe or ball opens the valve, and if held open the inside valve descends to
its seat and closes the inlet, and the moment the pressure is taken from the top of
globe the pressure closes valve. The central or inside valve may be fixed or
stationary in the globe, Figs. 84 & 87.
j
⚫. Our Invention also relates to improvements in water guages, and consists in

page_text: making the ball valve, solid upon a spindle instead of being loose (as shown in
Patent dated 24th October 1876, No. 4128), these spindles pass through the centre
of valye. spindle that opens and shuts the communications between guage and
power reservoir or boiler. The hand wheel for turning valve spindle is cast solid
with same, the boss of hand wheel is bored out and fitted with nut for stuffing box,
for ball valve spindle a small hand wheel is fitted on the end for turning same, its
action is thus:When the glass breaks from any cause, the ball valves on spindles
at the top and bottom of gange are driven on the seats by the pressure, and
instantly shuts off the guage, being a certain safeguard against accident, or injury
to the engineers or stokers. When the new glass is put in, the small hand wheels
are pressed back and the gauge is again in action, the end of ball valve spindle is
made flat and passes through the water and air or steam ways; a great advantage.
is gained by having the scraper or hole cleaner and ball or valve on one and the
same spindle, which acts by turning the small hand wheel round and moving it
backward and forward, acting as a revolving scraper without interfering with the
shut off valves or action of the guage, and thereby prevents the holes or ways from
being furred up similar to the means described in the Patent, No. 862, of 1860.
We use an elastic ferrule, asbestos coated inside and out, and fastened by two clips
top and bottom to gauge and glass and guage ends, instead of the ordinary packing
ring and nut, so as not to be so liable to be broken from vibrations caused by the
firing of guns on board ships of war or from expansions Figs. 94, 95, and 96.
When the ball or valve is separate from the spindle or solid with it, we make the
front plugs of the water guage conical with an elastic seating at the end of plug
for the ball to fit, and when the plug is taken out the ball can be taken out for
cleansing or repairing, and the passages into boiler cleared out without removing
the guage from boiler, the ball is pressed back from its seat by means of a small
spindle or needle as herein before described, having a valve upon same to take the
pressure from the outside, and next to the knob for pressing spindle back we put a
small india rubber ball, dispensing with the square stuffing box, Fig. 105.
Or we make a seating to screw into boiler front with female end and the end of
guage into which the glass fits is made male to fit same. The ball and seating can
be cleaned and repaired by simply unscrewing the guage from seating or taking
out screw at the side. The seating for valve that shuts off the guage from boiler.
and blows through also for ball to press against when glass breaks, is screwed in
from the male end of guage, the front of guage being all solid with packing box.
The needle for pressing the ball from its seat is solid on the end of valve spindle
or otherwise, Fig. 105.
Our improvements upon the double glass water guage in Letters Patent herein-
before mentioned, we place the two glass tubes aide by side, which can be used
together or separate, having a hollow branch acting at top and bottom com-
municating with the reservoir or boiler. Between the packing boxes we place one
blow through cock under the shell or body of the bottom seating, therefore have
only one tap instead of six, as is the old system. In case the glasses break the
balls or valves and spindles are fitted in the branch on the ends of packing boxes
that screw into the fronts of body of seatings and are manipulated, as herein before
described, either glass can be replaced without impeding the action of the other,
Fig. 109.
On the top of the water guages, we fix a small safety valve and whistle, on the
principle hereinbefore described, as a stop, safety, and alarm valve combined, which
arrangement combines in one instrument a perfect duplex water guage, safety
valve, pressure indicator, and alarm, Fig. 109.
This safety valve when adjusted to blow off at a pressure of 2 lbs. or 3 lbs. in
excess of that at which the main safety valves are intended to blow off, is then
looked up, and cannot be tampered with. If this valve was seen to blow off or
heard, if whistle be used, it would be an indication to the attendant to see if the
main valves were doing their duty and give warning when pumping into or
charging the reservoirs, of power or over pressure of steam in boiler long before the

page_text: pressure had arrived at the bursting point. This valve also acts as the shut off
valve between top of water guage and boiler if required.
We also make our improved compound water gauge with only one tap or
cock instead of six, as in the old system; it has one seating with large thoroughfare
in it at the top and bottom of gauge. The stuffing boxes which hold the glasses
and the valves with spindles to automatically shut off the gauge in case of rupture
of the glasses, and are screwed into each side of the seating that connects the
boiler. The top stuffing boxes are fitted with the self closing valves and spindles
vertically over over the top of guage glasses instead of being in the horizontal
steam way, Fig. 109. The spherical or other valves with these spindles are
suspended in the stuffing box over the top of glasses; these stuffing boxes have a
steam passage in them leading to a steam passage to the top of the glasses. When
the glasses break, the pressure of the steam drives the valves against the seatings
at the bottom of steam passages. When a new glass is put in, the valve is pressed
from its seat by a knob on the end of spindle. From the slight friction of the
spindle in stuffing box, we find that the valves do not close in blowing the guage
through, as is the case when the valves are separate from the spindle, which is a
serious point and often prevents the guage from acting. The lower stuffing boxes
are fitted with similar valves vertically resting upon a seating screwed in the
stuffing boxes under the glasses. When the glasses break, these valves are driven
onto the seats at the bottom and top of stuffing boxes, under and over the glasses
respectively. When a new glass is put in these valves are again in equilibrium,
and fall from their seats by their own gravity, or are open by the steam from the
top, Fig. 100. In the event of the gauge requiring to be shut off from the boiler,
independent of the self closing valves in each borizontal passage from boiler, there
is a seating inside of glass stuffing box on the outside of glass stuffing box, which,
when screwed up, shuts guage off from boiler, Figs. 100 and 109.
The advantages gained by our Invention are a perfect automatic water guage; the
Belf closing valves can be simply taken out and cleaned without taking the glasses out
or taking guage from boiler; all the action in working this improved compound
water guage is represented by turning one of our half inch valve-lined cocks. When
requisite this cock can be refitted with new valves, and lined at a trifling expense,
and the guage is then as good as new, and less costly in manufacture than the old
system. We fix the sentinel or alarum safety valve hereinbefore described upon
the seating between the gauges at the top, therefore the connection with the
boiler or power reservoir is never shut off when the guages are shut off, Fig. 109
The top part of guage last described may be used for bottom part of guage, or
the self closing vertical valves may be fitted in a vertical screw valve with stuffing
box for valve spindles or pushing needles, Fig. 104. We have discovered by
experimenting that we can make the guages act with certainty with cone balls or
valves by making a small hole through the top steam valve seat or box to com-
municate with boiler and the glasses, so that in blowing the guage through it
keeps the valves in equilibrium, and not to shut guage off, as is the case without
this arrangement, and so stops any manipulation of cocks or valves necessary to
put the guage in action. Another great advantage gained is the small amount of
steam that comes from boiler; when the glasses are broken and the self closing
valves are shut, as the steam denotes or gives warning, the glasses are broken and
this small amount of steam will not injure any one approaching the guage; there
is no water escapes out at the bottom; it also overcomes the prejudice we have
met with in practice, that the self closing valves are too sensitive, that the guage
may be shut off and the attendant misled, thinking it at work, and nothing to call
his attention when the glasses are broken. In place of the hole in valve seat, the
needle or spindle at top of gauge may be put forward to prevent valve from
entirely closing, or the top cock may be only partly open to ensure the same result.
The hole through seat is best because it takes it out of the power of the attendant
to neglect or to tamper with the working of the gange; or the self closing valves
are made to answer the purposes of stop valves to shut off the gauge. The valves

page_text: have spindles fitting in vertical screws as guides, so that the screws when adjusted
fix the valves to their seats, and the bottom screw valve answers the purpose of
blowing gauge through; or it may be put in a water passage at the side, so that
the valves can be taken out with gauge shut off, Fig. 108; or the balls or valves
are fitted in a vertical plug cook over the tap and under the glass, so that this cock
shuts the connection off from boiler as well as the valves inside, and the plugs are
enclosed in a chamber, and a circulation of steam and water round the shell and
plug to equalize expansion and contraction; and the steam and water pass through
these chambers to gauge glass; or the plugs may be horizontal or they may be
fixed between the steam and water ways next the boiler; we also connect the top
and bottom handles of cocks and valves together to keep the valves right in
blowing through the water gauge, Fig. 106.
The valves may be fitted in hollow plug cocks with pin fitting across the opening
into plug to prevent its rolling or being shaken into boiler when the valves have
been blown to their seats, all that is required to put them into action again is to
turn the plugs round, and a small hole is made in the top plug to give warning, the
glass is broken, and to equalize the pressure in blowing gauge through; the bottom
plug has its blow through hole at right angles to the hole that is opposite to the
glass when in action or work, so in blowing through does not interfere with its
action, Fig. 106.
Or the valve can be solid on the spindle as herein before described, and the
seatings for them to be blown or pressed upon made at the mouth of hollow plug;
these hollow plugs can be taken out, and the valves and seats cleaned without
disturbing the glasses or taking gauge from boiler.
The plugs or other valves or seatings are made to turn over, or of any of the
materials herein before described.
We use a red, black, or any colored floating ball or disc in the glass tube, for
indicating height of water more clearly, and to prevent its interfering with blowing
the gauge through. We perforate or fix a cross bar at the bottom of stuffing box
under the glass.
The tube is adjusted to come within 1/th or 8/th of an inch from the shaft for
fluid regulators, the ball or valve in the tube will support the oil where the
vibration of the machinery is great, and when it is found there is insufficient
supply, the ball or valve can be adjusted to any grade of supply by the small
needle from the outside, or the cap over the ball or valve in the chamber at the
bottom of cup is adjusted from the outside, or a small groove is made in the seat,
Figs. 81 and 82. Our improvement also relates to oil and tallow cups for the supply
and delivery of oil or tallow by a compound pulsation and condensation cup at
the bottom of cup is a ball or other valve over this valve is another valve
adjusted from the outside this valve spindle is hollow with a screw valve at its
bottom end for lower valve seat from the lower valve seat a tube is carried up
nearly to the top of enp surrounding the hollow valve spindle this spindle is
conical at the top end to fit cone in top of cup the end above cone has a seat
upon the hole in top of spindle for charging the cup that passes through top of cup
this end is fitted with a hollow cup with handle at the side a cross piece in the
centre fitted with screw valve that comes onto seat on top of hollow spindle there
being no stuffing box in it to set the lubricator in action the screw valve is opened
at the top of hollow spindle the lubricant poured in and it flows into cup through
two holes under the cone leading into hollow spindle when steam is put on to
start the engine the small portion of steam that escapes by the first valve before it
closes on its seat under the screw valve at the bottom of hollow valve spindle rises
into the top of oil cap and condenses the upper valve is slightly opened by the
handle outside on the side of supply cup when required to work condensation
about the steam escapes up the tube around the hollow spindle and condenses
also raising the oil to the holes under cone at the top of spindle to supply the
pulsating ball at each stroke of the engine piston when the steam is shut off the
bottom valve falls from seating under valve spindle to its bottom perforated stop

page_text: -
the oil or tallow passes down the tube to. valve on spindle regulated to supply.a
small portion of bottom valve to lubricate the cylinder when steam is shut off by.
the vacuum formed in the cylinder so that the pulsating valve shall have no control
over the lubricant when steam is shut off it is fit in between the end of hollow.
spindle and the inside of valve so it can be worked by pulsation alone or
condensation or both together as the owners of engines wish by our instrument
when more condensing surface is required there is chamber cast or made in the
top or corrugated when the bottom ball is not used we adjust the ball valve
inside of regulator valve ball a needle or rod from the top outside the con-
densed water is ejected by a top or valve at the bottom figs. 85 & 86 in our
condensation and pulsation we fit the pulsation valve in the cock plug that
admits the steam into cup also regulates the tallow leaving the cup the
same cock also discharges the condensed water out of the cup by regulating
the cock a minute quantity of lubricating matter is allowed to mix with the
steam either by the pulsating valve or from condensation the passage for inlet
and outlet is cast at the side of cup we also fit them with our automatic water
gauge either with round or flat glass so that in case the glass breaks from
pressure &c. it is instantly shut off and the oil or tallow not blown over the
attendants or wasted. The said improvements also relate to a further developement
of inventions described in specifications of former letters patent dated 24th
October 1876 No. 4123 we take out the fusible ball in hollow plug cock at the
top end of the tube outside of the boiler and fix over cock a box or chamber with
a well or recess in it in this well is placed an india-rubber weighted or metal
ball or valve of any description these valves are manipulated to shut off the steam
and water when the fire is sufficiently damped so as not to injure plates in boiler
and the alarm whistle is fixed on box or chamber the ball is lifted up to its seat
at starting by a rod from the outside and then the ball is kept to its seat by the
water being forced up from the boiler by the pressure rising and falling by the
laws of gravity when the water in the boiler falls below the end of the tube
to water also falls from end of tube (and the ball in chamber falls into the well
or recess) immediate access is given to the steam blowing the whistle and sounding
an alarm dispensing with the fusible ball discs valves springs cranks floats or
other moving parts it can be fixed in over or in front of boiler or in any part of
factory office or as may be desired by unlocking the hollow plug cock the whistle
can be shut off and the cock used for the same purpose of dropping fusible balls
or plugs or discs as described in former specification should such be used in the
crowns of flues or fire boxes these however are not required where this invention
is fitted we fix our improved low water alarm on the top of the tubes of the
removing and repairing apparatus described in former letters patent we also
make our low water apparatus for the escape steam to put the fire out so the
uncertainty and drawbacks of fusible plugs not acting from the fusible metal
calcining and the various deposits coating or caking over the plugs we take the
present fusible plug out and connect a pipe from the top of our improved chamber
or box to hole where fusible plug was thus having the full bore of pipe and no
impediment as is the case with the present system of fusible plugs so after the
alarm is given by the whistle then the cock must be shut and the steam and
water blows down the pipe and puts the fire out to make it more effective in
putting the fire out in boiler flues we fix a T piece on the end of pipe in crown
of flue and run a perforated pipe each way the length of fire thus the fire would
be damped or put out much quicker and then the cock can be shut off and no
more steam wasted (in the present system the boiler has to be completely emptied
and the fire drawn manhole joints broken &c. to replace new plugs or discs) the
water is then raised to its level and only the time lost in so doing which is a
manifest advantage and it may be used without the whistle and fixed inside the
boiler figs. 97, 107, 108, & 112. We also place one valve above the other,
connected together, and the upper one is made of larger or smaller diameter, as
required; they are lifted at starting the boiler to work by a small spindle passing

page_text: through a stuffing box; the object is to have the valves in equilibrium or not; they
can be made to overcome the friction of spindle, &c., at will; there is a port or
passage leading from the bottom box or chamber into one above the top ball or
valve; the alarm whistle is carried up from the outlet branch at the side, Fig. 108.
A small water gauge may be fixed at the side of valve chamber to see if you had
water or air in the valve chamber, and by pressing the valve down lets the air out.
of valve chamber and insures it being full of water when the water is at its
proper level in the boiler; they may be arranged to work horizontally or in any
position. A piston valve may be used working over one or two ports with the
pressure on one or both sides.
Our improvements comprise the use of a float ball or stone acting direct upon
the valves or valve, or at the end of a lever or compounded lever, as many times*
as may be required to gain power; or chain or plain wheels working with a float
to open valve; the same valves are closed by hand to shut off the steam, &c.; when.
required it can be fixed in the boiler or in a vessel outside the boiler, so that when
the water gets too low to float also falls and opens the valve, the steam and water
rushes down the pipe upon the fire, as hereinbefore described; above the float
valve is a stop cock or valve to shut the steam or water off when the fire is
sufficiently damped, so as not to injure the plates; the stop valve spindle is made
hollow for the steam to blow the whistle which is fixed on the top outside the
boiler; this arrangement may be fixed inside or outside the boiler, as before
described, or the equilibrium valve; the float works is worked from the outside
and shuts steam, &c., off, dispensing with a stop valve or cock, and the whistle is
placed on the top of its spindle, Fig. 99 A and B respectively.
Our improvements also relate to low water detectors, which can be seen at a
glance if all is in working order, being self acting according to laws of gravity, as
herein before described. We fix outside the boilar where deemed most convenient
hollow vessel, with an end fit in one end; upon this end inside is cast or fit the
chamber or box with well in, and it is fit with valve, as hereinbefore described;
the alarm whistle is fit over the valve on the outside of vessel; the valve is mani-
pulated by spindle passing up through body of whistle on the outside, carrying in
its centre a projecting arm for balance weight. This vessel is carried by trunnions
or centres from the sides of the said end piece in a suitable frame or column; this
vessel is connected by a flexible pipe to boiler to allow the cylinder to vibrate;
from the end of the flexible pipes is connected a pipe down to the low water level
in the boiler; its action is as follows:-The water is forced up the pipe into the
vassel from the boiler by the pressure in same and weighs the vessel down out of
an horizontal position; the balance weight is moved along the arm until the vessel
is level, when the water falls below its true level, leaving the pipe connected to
the vessel exposed; then the water falls by its own gravity from the vessel, and the
steam or air rushing up sounds the whistle immediately, and the balance carries
the vessel out of an horizontal position, also indicating the water is too low; this
alone may be used; it can be seen at a glance the water is too low without the
whistle; instead of the valve lifting vertically for sounding it may roll in a
port or passage from its seat by the vibration of the vessel, Fig. 08. The pipe
that dips into the boiler can be made to work in a stuffing box or telescopic slide,
so as to be adjustable to give alarm at any depth of water in the boiler or work
upon a centre with a dip pipe inside; this part of our Invention can be used
without the vibrating vessel in shutting the alarm whistle off after giving the
alarm, the steam and water being turned on to blow the fire out, and is also
applicable to other outside water detectors worked by floats, fusible discs, or
plug. Let the shut off valve or cock be anywhere between the water and
whistle, and it may be a three-way cock, or double seated valve, or its equivalent,
80 doing away entirely with the uncertain fusible plugs in the flues or fire boxes
of steam boilers.
A modification of this part of our Invention may be done or carried out by the
lawe of expansion and contraction We fix a chamber vessel or tube unon the

page_text: boiler at any convenient part; from the end of this chamber, &c., is carried a pipe
down to the low water level in the boiler; we screw another into the top end of
chamber and hang down inside to any distance desired forming an air chamber,
also to act as a spring upon the water forced up into chamber by the pressure
in boiler; a bent pipe is connected on the top outside to meet the pipe that expands
and contracts; the end of this pipe is fit with valve seat and valve fit with
adjustable screw and pipe stuffing box on to a bracket projecting from the side of
chamber; near the bottom end of expansion pipe outside of the chamber, &c., is
an elastic connecting pipe fit between the expansion pipe and chamber, &c., so
that when the water falls in the boiler below the end of tube the water in chamber
and expansion outside falls to, and steam takes its place and makes the expansion
pipe hot, causing it to expand and open the valves; the steam then sounds the
whistle, also blows down upon the fire to put it out, as hereinbefore described.
The expansion tube or tubes may be fit inside of the air chamber, vessel, or tube
and fit with valve, &c., in the same way as described; this apparatus also answers
for automatic feed water regulator for boilers having a head of water, or the water
laid on from the water works of greater pressure then the steam in boiler,
dispensing with floats, levers, joints, and springs, or the expansion of corrugated
discs, plates, or vessels enclosed in a box or shell, combining alchol or spirits or
anything which is easily vaporized; when the steam is in contact with the vessel or
disc or plates the expansion of the liquid or the formation of vapor is sufficient to
open or shut a valve; the action is similar to the other methods herein before
described; the valve is closed when the water from boiler is in contact with the
vessel, &c., and open when the steam takes the water's place; or the valve may
work vice versa and so put the fire out; or the expansion of corrugated discs,
plates, chambers, globes, or vessels, and the inlet from boiler is brought in upon the
top of discs, vessels, &c., with alchol or spirits, mercury, or anything which is
easily vaporized or expands by heat; we fit a spring or anything elastic in between
the discs, &c., to assist in expanding them, also to prevent the pressure outside
injuring them when the steam is in contact with the vessel or discs or plates; the
expansion of the liquid or the formation of vapor is sufficient to open or shut a
valve; the action is similar to the other methods herein before described; the valve
is closed when the water falls from the boiler is in contact with the vessel, &c.,
and opens when the steam takes the water's place; or the valve may work vice
versa, sounds the alarm, and so puts the fire out.
If required by the owner we also make a safety valve detector, combined for
preventing explosions of house, kitchen range, and bath boilers. A dead weight
Bafety valve is fitted on the seat made at the top end of water tube connected to
boiler; when the pressure in boiler is raised to more than the valve is adjusted to
the latter opens and allows the excessive pressure to escape if the water is drawn
from the boiler below, or to the end of pipe or tube that carries the safety valve
and alarm chamber with its ball; the water falls by its own gravity out of tube or
pipe and gives the alarm as hereinbefore described, Fig. 113 A. It is designed
without fusible plugs or discs to prevent house boiler explosion when the supply of
water becomes stopped from ice, corrosion, or incrustation, or any other cause; or
we arrange the low water detector tube to come at the side of our safety stop
valve or cock, hereinbefore described, so that we have the draw off valve or cock
safety valve and low water alarm with whistle combined in one, Fig. 113 B, and
only one hole being required in the boiler; or where owners wish it our improved
fusible ball can be used in this combined arrangement, or any other form of fusible
metal or its equivalent, and any of the hereinbefore named seatings and material is
used in the boiler cock.
A modification of our Invention makes a self acting water ejector or steam trap
for draining steam pipes, &c., of the condensed steam or priming water; the water
tube is turned upside down with its chamber, or ball or globe at the bottom end
fitted with a floatable ball valve, so that on steam entering the top end of tube it
presses the floatable ball or other valve to its seat. When the water from the

page_text: condensed steam has filled the globe and ball or part of the tube, the ball floats
and allows the water to escape; an adjustable screw or needle may be fitted at the
bottom so as to allow a little steam and water to escape or blow out any sediment.
One great point in this ejector is that where there is any water it floats the
floatable ball and completely drains the piping, Fig. 114.
In the accompanying Drawings, Figs. 1 to 17, and 22 to 32, show straight bore
fluid cocks or taps; Fig. 3 shows a plan whereby the loose parts or valves B are so
packed, and by the aid of a stop that the packing works against body or shall and
is not cut away by contact with the passages of the fluid.
Fig. 28 shows the packing F inserted in the body.or shell of cock, the valves B
working against same. This Fig. also shows a space H allowing play, the pressure
of fluid valves to their work.
Figs. 22 & 23 also show-relief or indicator holes J to relieve or show excessive
pressure; Fig. 22 also shows a plain metal valve B working against a plain metał
bush A. either with or without springs; Figs. 12 & 13 show the packing F pressed
out by springs G and taper plug E; Fig. 14 shows an india rubber spring.G
working against the packing F and taper or parallel plug E; Fig. 15 shows a
narrow plug E to give more space for packing F in valves B; Fig. 16 has a narrow
taper plug E to expand packing F against body or shell, which has also packing,
inserted in it. Fig. 18 shows a cock or tap having the passage through the seating
valves B working metal to metal; but Figs. 19 & 21 show packing inserted in the
seat and valve respectively, Fig. 21 being a plan of the top of the valve B, Fig. 18
Fig. 33 shows a cock with downward passage through the valves and central
plug.
Figs. 34 & 35 show a lift up dise valve with a lever wedge and screw action;
Fig. 86 being similar, but one half of valve working-upwards and the other down-
wards; Figs 37 & 38 shows a lift up valve having a sami circular shaped valve
wedging itself between two face with actuating side screw; Fig. 39 and 40 repre-
sent a valve opening downwards, the packing F not, coming in contact with the
openings, but being pressed through a radial slot in the valves by means of wedge
action against dises behind; packing is provided at the top to cut off any leakage
past the solid metal of the valves B. Figs. 41 & 42 show a similar arrangement,
but having a circular bore instead of flat.
Fig. 43 represent a three way cock, one having a self adjusting or pulsating ball
valve applied to a lubricator so that it may act as a pulsating or condensating
lubricator, and in the third position drains the vessel.
Figs. 44 and 45 is a downward opening valve of circular bore, the valves B
being pressed outwards by compound lever wedge and screw, the packing F being
expanded outwards by the spring G with end packing at the top. Figs. 46 & 47
is a similar valve but opens upwards, and is without lover or wedge, the valve B
being pressed to its seat by the action of springs G through the packing, the end
packing in this case being at the bottom.
Figs. 48 & 49 show a method of setting up the packing by means of cones,
hollow screw, and spindle, with adjusting nut worked from the exterior; Fig. 52
is for the same purpose, but the adjustment is made through the medium of an
india rubber ferrule for pressing valves B outwarda
Figa. 51 and 52 show a cylinder blow off or drain cock, having means to allow
the fluids to escape automatically when the pressure becomes excessive; Fig. 58
shows a means of compressing the packing F upon the valves B by means of side
springs G.
Figs. 54 & 55 represent compound stop safety and relief valves arranged to
indicate and signal the pressure; Fig. 65 is a similar valve applied to draining
cylinder, operating either when the engine is running or standing.
Fig. 56 is a socket sluice valve opening downwards with packing .F at top
and valves B if compound asbestos or suitable material actuated by wedge and
screw.
J
Fig. 57 is a pendulum valve working upon asbestos seating; and Fig. 58 & 59
:
:

page_text: the same, but reversing the materials for valves and seat. Fig. 60, 61, 62, 63, 64,
66, 67, & 68 are rotary coupling valves.
Figs. 69, 70, 78, & 74 are lift up valves with turn over valves and seats, with
shields or guards to protect surfaces not in use; Fig, 70 is fitted with an under or
Becond valve as an additional safeguard against leakage in the case of extremè
pressures, and the same principal is carried out with balls or other forms of valves,
and shown in Fig. 89, 110, & 111.
Figs. 71 and 72 are check or clack valves, the seat in one case being inserted, and
in the other formed in the body of the valve, guards being shown in all; Fig. 75
shows a pump or safety valve, the valve and spindle being in one with a movable
guard.
Figɛ. 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, & 88 are lift up and press down waste water preventers;
and Fig. 84 & 87 are globular press down valves. Fig. 91 is for low pressure
with pull rod; and Figs. 88, 99, 92, & 98 for high pressure service fitted to
measuring vessels, all for the prevention of fluid waste.
"
Fig. 81, 82, 85, & 86 are fluid regulators or lubricaters all pulsating.
Figa. 94, 95, 100, 101 represent water gauges having a self cleanser on valve
spindle, Figa. 94 & 96 showing the mode of attaching glasses to the gauges; these
automatic fluid gauges show an indicator or relief holes J producing equilibrium.
Fig. 109 is a double fluid gauge with a safety valve and whistle.
Figs. 97, 98, 99 A & B, 107, 108, & 112 show low water detectors; Fig. 113 A
is a dead weight safety valve, alarm whistle, and low water detector combined:
and Fig. 113 B is a compound draw off cook, safety valve, low water detector, and
alarm for kitchen and other boilers; and Fig. 114 is a combined condensed steam
trap and draw off valve.
The following letters indicate like parts throughout the various Figs.

page_text: 6. The equilibrium relief port and indicating alarm for gauge glasses and other
purposes, substantially as and for the purpose herein shown or described.
7. The combination of a self acting safety signal valve with a water or fluid
gauge, substantially as shown or described.
8. The combination of an elastic clip ferrule with a fluid gauge, substantially as
shown and described.
9. The combination of a sliding valve and removable seating with ports actuated
by a screw, expansion or contraction, or other suitable devices, substantially as
shown and described.
10. Constructing double faced valves and seats loose from their spindles and
bodies with or without movable or fixed guards to protect the parts not actually
in wear, and the combination of a movable guard with a fixed seating or valve
substantially as and for the purpose herein shown and described.
11. The construction of a valve or cock with two or more seatings and valves,
substantially as shown and described.
12. The construction and arrangement of stop and rotary valves with guards
or shield and seatings fitted with suitable packing, substantially as shown and
described.
13. The arrangement whereby valves or loose pieces are kept to their working
surfaces by the pressure of fluids, springs, wedges, or other suitable devices,
substantially as and for the purpose herein shown and described.
14. The mode of reducing the height and operating lift up valves, and the
use of end packing, substantially as and for the purpose described.
15. The construction and combination of parts of valves and taps, and arrange-
ment of receptacles for drop valves, in low water detectors, and the combination of
a low water detector, safety valve, and draw off cock, substantially as shown and
described
16. The combination of a stop valve with an adjustable indicating relief valve,
self operating at a given pressure, and so arranged as to be capapable of giving an
alarm, substantially as shown and described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Abraham Pullan and John Rudolph
Meihe, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Ninth day of December,
in the year of our Lord 1881.
ABRAHAM PULLAN.
(LS)
JOHN RUDOLPH MEIHE. (LS)