Improvements in Machinery for Refining and Finishing Half-stuff in Paper Making, and in Hydrostatic Balances for Changing the Contents of the Pulp Reservoirs.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd May, 1889-Accepted, 25th Jan., 1890
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for Refining and Finishing Half-stuff
in Paper Making, and in Hydrostatic Balances for Changing the
Contents of the Pulp Reservoirs.
I FRANÇOIS FAVIER FILS, Paper manufacturer of Gromelle in the Republic for
France do hereby declare the nature of the said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR REFINING AND FINISHING HALF STUFF, IN PAPER MAKING, AND IN
HYDROSTATIC BALANCES FOR CHANGING THE CONTENTS OF THE PULP RESERVOIRS,"
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in, and by the following statement:-
-
Economy in working power, and effectiveness of trituration are the essential
characteristics of this invention.
The triturating cylinder being no larger or heavier than that employed in machines
of the ordinary type working 50 Kilogrammes of stuff, and no pulp propellers being
used as in the case in such machines, no greater working power is required for my
improved machine than is necessary for one of the old style, or 50 Kilogramme
engines, viz. 6 horse power, which is the maximum necessary.
Without auxiliary aid, it is capable of feeding a paper machine of 1 mètre,
50 centimètres dimensions, whose output every 24 hours is from 18 to 220 Kilo-
grammes of writing paper."
By the use of my machine a much more uniform and equalized pulp is produced,
with the result that the paper is of better texture and more transparent.
A prominent feature of my invention is the reduction of the injurious spaces
permitting the pulp to pass without the action of the cylinder affecting it, by placing
the blades of this cylinder closer together, and passing and repassing the contents of
one of the small cases or reservoirs through the refining process, so that it is
triturated as many times as may be desired, according to the class of paper
required.
Moreover in my machine the refined is not mixed with the unrefined pulp, as is
the case with machines in present use.
A methodical refining process is thus effected, the pulp being thick and the paper
made therefrom being of good quality and stoutness.
The automatic changing of the contents of the two pulp reservoirs being based on
the principle of the hydrostatic balance.
.
In the accompanying drawings an apparatus of the description embodying my.
invention is illustrated in 3 sheets.
Fig. Sheet 1 being a vertical elevation and side view of my improved paper pulp
refining apparatus partly in section.
Fig. 2 Sheet 2 is a plan of the same.
Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6 Sheet 3 are details of the automatic mechanism for changing
the contents of the reservoirs hereafter described.
In the main vat or cistern 1, of cast iron or stone is a triturating cylinder 2,
the blades of which are much closer together, and shorter than those generally
employed.
This cylinder is worked at a speed of 180 to 230 revolutions per minute. The
shaft supported in cushions, can be raised or lowered by the hand wheel 3 to allow
of the cylinder being brought more or less near, or distant from the plate beneath it
(with a set of straight blades or knife edges) according to the fineness of the stuff or pulp
to be made. The bottom of this trough is provided with apertures opened and closed
by valves 11 worked by the hand lever 17. Below the refiner 1, two stone reservoirs
or cases 4. 4' vide sheet 2 are placed side by side, having semicylindrical bottoms
each one supplied with an agitator 5. These reservoirs are put in communication

page_text: with the refiner by two pumps 6 and 7 with piston plungers, or in lieu of these,
a double action pump, or other elevating appliance, for lifting the pulp from the
reservoirs 4. 4' and producing a continuous feel to the refiner is employed.
The suction tubes 8 and 9 Figs. 1 and 2 each enter one of the reservoirs or
cases 4. 4 at the lowest part of the semicylindrical hottom where they are each
provided with a valve X see Figs. 1 and 2.
The two pumps lift the matter into the same tube 10 which latter conveys it to
the refining trough 1. This tube is opened or closed as occasion may require by aid
of the valve and screw tap 15. 16 is an emptying pipe and requires no special
mention.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-The two reservoirs or cases 4. 4¹, being
empty, the half stuff is put into one only (4¹ for example) adding the quantity of
water necessary for the operation.
For an apparatus such as forms the subject of this invention the quantity is 200 Kilo-
grammes of stuff. When filled the valve X is opened, and the two pumps are then
put into communication with the case 4. The stuff then immediately enters the
refining cistern 1, and flows under the cylinder 2, where it receives its action; the
stuff then being at the rear part of this cistern, the valve 11 is opened by aid of
the lever 114, and it passes into the other case 4.
In this case the valves X and 11 are operated at the same time by aid of the rods 12.
13. 14 and cranks M' M11 M111.
By this means the contents of the reservoir or case 4¹, is drawn up and partly,
refined, and then passes into the case 4. This effected, the position of the valves X,
is reversed (which is rapidly accomplished) for putting the case 4 (just filled) in
communication with the cylinder 2, after which the pulp is a second time returned to
the case 4¹..
The changing of the contents of the reservoirs is thus quickly effected, as soon
as one or other of them is empty, no matter what quantity of pulp it may have
contained, and this operation is repeated as often as desired according to the quality
of the paper required. This movement is effected by the well known principle of.
the hydrostatic balance, the mechanism of which is shown in detail by the
Figs. 3. 4. 5. 6 of sheet 3, and consists mainly of the balance L, and two levers A. B.
at the ends of which two rods are attached bearing the weights A¹ and. B
respectively.
When the case or reservoir is filled with paste, the actual weight at the end of the
lever A, caused by the weight A', (plunging into the paste) will be about 26 Kilo-
grammes.
The opposite or outside weight B¹, Figs. 2 and 5, being 28 Kilogrammes actuates
or draws the levers A and B'in its movements (the course of these levers is limited).
Amongst the other parts of this mechanism are a supplementary lever C,-
ratchets D, with detents P, for limiting their course-a double lever E, Figs. 3,
and 6, with slight friction on the shaft F, borne by a support G; on which are keyed
the discs H, and cog wheels I and J, the cog-wheel J, gears with the wheel I, and,
receives motion from a bevil wheel K, mounted on the same shaft two cranks M, M,
governed by the balance L, Figs. 1. 2. 3. and 4. rods N Fig. 1, governing the
valves X, of the reservoirs 4. 41 a lever O; with counterweight O¹, articulated to the.
balance L, Figs. 1 and 2. Rod R, with rods 12 and 13 and cranks M M M¹¹¹
worked by the hand levers 114, 'and 17 vide Fig. 2.
This rod R'is attached at one end to the end of the crank M, and at the other. to
the crank M'.
The two shafts 12 and 13, shown in dotted lines Fig. 2 in conjunction with the
cranks MMM" are worked by the levers 114 and 17 as already mentioned
for opening and closing the valves both of the refiner and the troughs 4. 41.
t
The levers 114 and 17 are connected one with the other by any convenient method,
and by disconnecting them, one only (17) may be used at a time, either for working:
a single trough or in starting the machine.
In this description the parts referred to, are described as for one reservoir only;

page_text: precisely the same parts are employed for the other reservoir, as will be seen by the
drawings. I have therefore not deemned it necessary to describe both.
The following is the action of the balance-Supposing the moment arrived when
the right hand vat 41 (as example) is empty, the counterweight A', is visible, and the
movement of the balance commences. The supplementary lever C, lifts the lever C¹,
of the click D, Fig. 3, which rubs against the disc H, this disc which is animated
with a continuous rotary motion hears on its circumference a notch, into which the
click drops. At this moment the click D, is therefore drawn along in the rotary
motion, and when the lever E, to which it is connected has passed the per-
pendicular to the left, the counterweight o' falls to the right, pushes the large lever L
to the left, which also brings the cranks M, to the left, and the click D, ungears from
the notch The rod N of the right hand valve X, descends, that to the left ascends
to empty the left hand vat.
In lifting the left hand valve, the right hand valve of the refining vat or cistern 1
is opened by aid of the rod connected by cranks, and levers to the valves of the refining
vat or cistern as already described.
The operation for emptying the left hand vat is similarly effected. When the
lever L, has been drawn to the left, the left hand click D, rests on the left hand
lever C, until the vat emptying, and the left hand counterweight A¹, being exposed
the same automatic movement is performed as above described.
The ratchet D Fig. 3, whose centre of gravity is outside its axis of oscillation, and
on the opposite side of the disc H, ungears of itself, but should this ungearing not
occur at the desired time, the detent P, stops the lever of the ratchet in its course
and forces it to ungear.
Having particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed what I claim is :-
:
The apparatus such as herein described and illustrated for methodically refining
pulp in paper making the essential feature being the alternate changing of the
contents of one pulp reservoir to the other, and subsequently lifting it by pumps
into the triturating cistern above, and the successive passage and repassage (as
required) of the pulp through this process, aided in its movements by the hydrostatic
balance, in the manner, by the means, and for the purposes substantially as herein
set forth.
VMRO
www way may 10OJ.
A. C. HENDERSON & Co.,
Patent Agents,
46, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.