Improvements in and Connected with the Ventilation of Drains and Sewers.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Oct., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 23rd July, 1889-Accepted, 24th Aug. 1889
.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and Connected with the Ventilation of Drains and
Sewers.
I, ISAAC SHONE of Great George Street Chambers Parliament Square, London, S. W.,
Civil and Mining Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my said invention to
be as follows:-
This invention relates principally to those systems of sewerage wherein the sewage
of houses is conducted from the house by a covered drain, called a house-drain, to
a sewer-called generally the street sewer-laid under the surface of the street or
road adjacent to the houses; and it has mainly for its object the better ventilation
of the said house drains and sewers.
The nature of the mode and means involving my invention, or provided with
improvements according to it, by which the ventilation of drains and sewers of the
kind above mentioned is effected, is as follows:
Assuming the house drains of a number of houses to be each connected at one
end to a trapped gulley or other vessel which receives and passes away all or any
of the sewage or other fluids from the house and premises, and the other end to be
connected to the sewer, then in such a case the gases rising from the sewage in these
house drains and sewer I cause to be removed by artificial means, and by device
such as gaseous fluid exhausting or forcing "jet" apparatus the gases being constantly
flushed or removed by and with atmospheric air.
This may be done by. causing atmospheric air to flow through the drains, or sewers
and drains, towards a station where the forcing apparatus is placed and there ejecte:
together with the sewage gases; or it may be done by forcing the air into the drains
or sewer and drains at and from a station and causing such air and sewage gases,
forced or driven thereby, to be ejected at the said gulleys or traps, or the house drains.
In either case the air and sewer gases would be carried up to any desired point or
height by outlet or discharge pipes, and in connection with these discharge pipes
there might also be provided receptacles containing charcoal, magnetic carbide of
iron, or other equivalent material through which the air and gases would be passed
and by which when distributed they would be rendered practically innocuous.
The air inlet aperture or passage to the drains or the outlet therefrom would be of
regulated opening or size, or capable of being regulated and proportioned according
to the power and size of the air forcing apparatus at the said station, and other
conditions of its application.
A simple and convenient form of air inlet to, or air and gas outlet from the
drains consists of a hole of regulated size made or formed in the roof or bend of the
outlet or outlet side of the said trapped receptacle or gulley or on the inlet of a pipe
connected therewith.
In the example above stated the ventilation of the house drains may be made by
way of or through the sewer, or by means of a separate pipe or pipes connecting the
said drains with the air forcing or exhausting apparatus.
It has been above stated that the air forcing or exhausting apparatus may be of
the jet type, that is, of the type of apparatus wherein one fluid under a suitable
pressure issuing from a nozzle at a suitable velocity and into a pipe or conduit,
causes the air about the inlet of the pipe or conduit to flow into it and be then forced
forward. If the drains and sewers be ventilated by exhausting, then the inlet orifice
of the jet apparatus would be connected to or communicate with the sewer or other
ventilating conduit or the ejector station; but if the drains and sewers
ventilated by the converse method, then the discharge orifice of the jet apparatus
would be connected with the sewer or other ventilating conduit.
were

page_text: This invention is more especially applicable to be used in combination with that
system of sewerage known to sanitary engineers and 'others as the "Shone Pneumatic
Sewerage System. When this system and my present invention are used in combina-
tion, I apply or use the air after-it has been used in the ejectors of that system for
emptying them, as the motor fluid. for moving or forcing the sewage gases or
ventilating air to and from the ventilating apparatus in the manner above
described.
By this means the compressed air in that system is rendered useful to other
purposes than the forcing and raising. of sewage, and the, artificial. ventilation
of sewers and drains, can be therefore effected without further, cost of motive
power.
In the foregoing Specification I have described the nature of certain modes of
ventilating drains and sewers, and kinds of apparatus therefore, according to my
invention; but I wish it to be understood that those precise modes or apparatus
may be amplified or modifiod, and their equivalents employed without departing from
this invention.
Dated this 22nd day of Ontolan 1000
-
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and Connected with the Ventilation of Drains, and
Sewers.
I, ISAAC SHONE, of Great George Street Chambers, Parliament Square, London, S. W.
Civil and Mining Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This Invention relates principally to those systems of sewerage wherein the sewage
of houses is conducted from the house by a covered drain, called a house-drain, to a
sewer called generally the street or public sewer-laid under the surface of the
street or road adjacent to the houses; and it has mainly for its object the better
ventilation of the said house drains and sewers.
The nature of the mode and means involving my Invention, or provided with
improvements according to it, by which the ventilation of drains and sewers, of the
kind above mentioned is effected, is as follows:-
Assuming the house drain or drains or the drains of a number of houses to be
connected at one end to a trapped gulley or other vessel which receives and passes
away all or any of the sewage or other fluids from the house and premises, and the
other end to be connected to the sewer, then in such a case the gases rising from the
sewage in these house drains and sewer I cause to be removed by artificial means and
by devices such as gaseous fluid exhausting or forcing "jet" apparatus, the gases
being constantly diluted, flushed, or removed, by and with atmospheric air.
This may be done by causing atmospheric air to flow through the drains, or sewers
and drains, towards a station where the forcing apparatus is placed and there ejected
together with the sewage gases; or it may be done by forcing the air into the drains,
or sewers and drains, at and from a station and causing such air and sewage gases,
forced or driven. thereby, to be ejected at the said gulleys or traps, or the. house
drains and their ventilating pipes. In either case the air and sewer gases would be
carried up to any desired point or height by outlet or discharge pipes, and in connec-
tion with these discharge pipes there might also he provided receptacles containing
charcoal (heated or otherwise), magnetic carbide of iron, or other equivalent material,
through which the air and gases would be passed .and by which when distributed
they would be rendered practically innoxious.
The air-inlet aperture or passage to the drains, or the outlet therefrom, would be
of regulated opening or size, or capable of being regulated and proportioned according

page_text: to the power and size of the air forcing apparatus at the said station, and other
conditions of its application.
A simple and convenient form of air inlet to, or air and gas outlet from, the drains
consists of a hole of regulated size made or formed in the roof or bend of the outlet
or outlet side of the said trapped receptacle or gulley or on the inlet of a pipe
connected therewith.
In the example above stated the ventilation of the house. drains may be made by
way of or through the sewer, or by means of a separate pipe or pipes connecting the
said drains with the air forcing or exhausting apparatus.
+
It has been above stated that the air forcing or exhausting apparatus may be of the jet
type, that is, of the type of apparatus wherein one fluid under a suitable pressure
issuing from a nozzle at a suitable velocity and into a pipe or conduit, causes the air.
about the inlet of the pipe or conduit to flow into it and be then forced forward. if
the drains and sewers be ventilated by exhausting, then the inlet orifice of the jet
apparatus would be connected to or in communication with the sewer or other
ventilating conduit, or the ejector station; but if the drains and sewers were venti-
lated by the converse method, then the discharge orifice of the jet apparatus would he
connected with the sewer or other ventilating conduit.
This Invention is more particularly applicable to be used in combination with that
system of sewerage known by sanitary engineers and others as the "Shone Hydro-
Pneumatic Sewerage System." When this system and my present invention are
used in combination, I apply or use the air after it has been used in the ejectors of
that system for emptying them, as the motor fluid for moving or forcing the sewage
gases or ventilating air to and from the ventilating apparatus in the manner above
described.
By this means the compressed air in that system is rendered useful to other
purposes than the forcing and raising of sewage, and the artificial ventilation. of
sewers and drains can be therefore effected without further cost of motive power.
The beforegoing being the nature, object, and purposes of my Invention, I will
now proeeed to illustrate and give examples of how my Invention may be practically
applied and describe a means, forms, and arrangements of apparatus suitable therefor,
reference being had to the accompanying 4 sheets of drawings making a part of this
specification, and to the letters and Figures of reference marked thereon, which letters
and figures of reference correspond with those used in this specification, like letters
and figures being used to denote the same, or corresponding parts throughout the
views and figures of the drawings.
Figure 1 is a diagramatic plan illustrating a system of sewerage of the nature
above specified, and with the improvements according to my present invention applied
thereto.
Figure 2 illustrates in sectional elevation an ordinary form of trapped gully, with
the improvements according to my Invention applied thereto.
Figure 3 illustrates in sectional elevation, a manhole, fed by gravitating sewers and
provided with means of ventilation according to this Invention.
Figure 4 is a plan of the manhole and the ventilating apparatus, shown partly in
section.
Figure 5 is a plan of the manhole cover.
Figure 6 is a section of the disinfecting box taken at X. X. Figure 3.
In Figure 1 is shown an example of the application of that system of sewerage
known to sanitary engineers and others as "The Shone Hydro-Pneumatic Sewerage
System" to blocks of houses in a town. The diagram illustrates how the improve-
ments according to my present invention may be applied to this system. a are, the
streets; b are the blocks of houses; c is the Hydro-pneumatic ejector station; d are
the gravitating sewers; e is the manhole into which the sewers d lead; fare..the
house drains leading to the gravitating sewers; g are the traps of the house drains;

page_text: are ventilating pipes to the honse drains; is the exhaust air pipe from the Hydro-
pneumatic ejector station c. This pipe is led into the manhole e which is provided
with a ventilating apparatus similar to that shown in Figures 3 and 4, and hereafter
particularly described. The house traps g may be of any ordinary form, but they are
each provided with an adjustable air inlet opening, for example, they may be of the
form illustrated in Figure 2 and hereafter described. The traps g receive and pass
away all of the sewage or. other fluids from the house drains, the outlet of the trap
being connected by a drain f¹, to the gravitating sewer d. The house drain is also
connected to a ventilating pipe.
As before stated any ordinary form of trap may be used, for example, the form of
trap illustrated in Figure 2; this consists of a masonry well g, with an earthenware
or metal elbow trap g, having an inspection arm, g². At the end of this inspection
arm, g, there is provided an air inlet device which consists of a short tube, k, which
is split by one or more slots, k¹, for the greater part of its length, and is provided
with an adjustable cap, 2. Air is drawn into or enters the drain, f, through these
slots and by adjusting the cap, k, the openings, ¹, for the air inlet can be increased
or diminished as circumstances require. 3 is the usual open grating over the trap
well; the air enters the trap well through this grating in the direction of the arrows,
the down current being induced, on the one side, through the drain, f, which is
connected at its back end to a ventilating pipe led to the top of the house, and also
through the adjustable inlet device, k, into the drain, f¹.
In Figures 3 and 4 there is illustrated the exhaust ventilator in connection with
the manhole, e, Figure 1. The apparatus consists of a nozzle device, ¹, which is
fitted onto the end of the ejector station exhaust air pipe, i, where it enters the man-
hole, e. The nozzle device enters a pipe, 2, in such a way as to induce therein a
current of foul air or gases from the manhole, e. This current of foul air or gases
passes up the pipe, 2, having been exhausted from the manhole, e, sewers, d, drains, f¹
and traps g. The foul air or gas passes from the pipe into a box, 3, which may be
filled with a disinfectant or purifying medium, such as charcoal (heated or otherwise),
magnetic carbide of iron, coke soaked with carbolic acid or the like, through which
the foul air and gases are driven, finally being discharged into the atmosphere, for
example up the air shaft which may be an ornamental stand post on the pavement
edge, or a zinc or other pipe carried up to the roof of a house.. The box is pro-
vided with a cover for inspection and renewal of the contents of the box: it is
also provided with perforated diaphragms for distributing the foul air or gases
evenly through the box.
gases
In operation the exhaust of the compressed air used in the ejectors in the ejector
station c passes through the pipe i, and nozzle device i¹ and induces a current of drain
or sewer air or gases to enter the pipe, that is to say, it is used to exhaust the
manhole, e, of any foul gases it may contain, and also it exhausts
that
foul
any
may be in the empty or partly filled sewers, d, and drains, ", air being admitted in
regulated quantities through the device, k, of each trap, g, into the drains f¹. The
said devices of the traps g of the houses closest to the manhole e should have a smaller
inlet than those further away. By the micans just described, not only are the foul
air and gases extracted from the manhole, sewers and drains, but further the fresh
air entering the drains through the ventilating devices has a scouring action,
driving the foul air and gases into the manhole e.
.
The beforegoing description and apparatus illustrate how, under my invention, the
drain & sewer air and gases may be extracted from the sewers and drains, and drawn
away from the houses, but, I would have it understood that my Invention also
embraces the converse of the system just described, namely, fresh air may be forced
by means of the exhaust from the ejector station, or by other gaseous fluid forcing
jet and a nozzle device, into the sewer and drains, causing such air to scavenge the
sewer gases and eject them through ventilating pipes carried to a height where their
escape is harmless, in connection with which there may be provided receptacles
containing disinfecting material.
I would also have it understood that although I have described my system as

page_text: ventilating the sewer by way of or through the sewer itself, it may be done by means
of a separate pipe or pipes leading for this purpose from the drains or sewers to the
exhausting or forcing apparatus.
In the foregoing specification I have described the nature of certain modes of
ventilating drains and sewers and kinds of apparatus therefor, according to my
invention but I wish it to be understood that those precise modes or apparatus
may be amplified or modified, and their equivalents employed, without departing from
this Invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1. Effecting the ventilation of sewers and drains substantially as herein described,
that is to say, by creating a partial vacuum in said sewers and drains and admitting
a regulated quantity of air to said sewers and drains in such a manner as to cause a
current of such air to pass through said drains or sewers, whereby sewer or sewage
gases are removed and replaced by fresh atmospheric air.
2. Effecting the ventilation of sewers and drains substantially as herein described,
that is to say, by injecting a body of fresh atmospheric air into said drains and sewers
in such a manner as to cause a current of such fresh air to pass through said drains
and sewers, whereby sewer or sewage gases are expelled at a harmless point and are
replaced by fresh atmospheric air.
3. In a drain trap such as herein described, au air inlet or outlet therefrom, such as
described, capable of being regulated to the power and size of the air or other fluid"
forcing apparatus, for the purposes set forth.
4. In a drain trap such as described, an air inlet device such as described,
consisting of the inlet pipe having slots and an adjustable cap ³, adapted to
regulate the air inlet to the sewer at said trap, substantially as and for the
purposes herein set forth and as shown in Figure 2 of the drawings hereto
annexed.
5. The ventilating, purifying, and disinfecting apparatus for sewers and drains set
forth with reference to Figures 3 and 4 of the drawings, comprising the air
pipe, the air nozzle device, the pipe 2, the box filled with disinfecting
material, and the escape shaft or pipe, arranged and operating substantially as
described.
6. Effecting the ventilation of sewers or drains by means of a separate pipe or
pipes, one end of which is or are connected with the said sewers or drains and the
other end of which is or are connected with exhausting or forcing apparatus as
set forth.
DL: 00-1
Taala 1800'