Year: 1885

page_text: I EMILE MAERTENS of Oswego Falls, Oswego County in the State of New York,
United States of America Manufacturer of Worsted Goods do hereby declare the
nature of this Invention to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of certain improvements in drawing combed textile fibres
the object being to obtain the best results as to perfection of product, and rapidity
and economy of production and the essential features of the improved process as
compared with the present system, being a greatly increased number of doublings
even although the number of operations is reduced and a reduced draught of the
fibre while at the same time the production in increased.
The main feature of the Invention consists in subjecting the fibres in each
machine or between the successive doublings to a number of drawing operations.
In an ordinary drawing frame spinning frame or gill box for combed textile
fibres it is usual to employ but one pair of drawing rolls so that each machine effects
but a single draft of the fibre and consequently a high draught is necessary to obtain
the desired amount of work from the machine.
This bigh draught is objectionable because it inevitably results in the production
of an uneven sliver or roving owing to the fact that the long fibres are drawn
away from the short fibres in the stock the latter fibres collecting in bunches or
slabs which ride on the outside of the sliver or roving.
My improved system of multiple draught effectually overcomes this objection
and yet enables me to increase the production of the machine, for although each
draught of the series is a low draught and consequently one best calculated to do
justice to the varied character of the fibres in the stock, the aggregate draught of
the series is greater than is possible with a single pair of drawing rolls.
The sliver or roving produced is consequently finer than is possible with a single
draught hence a greater number of ends can be doubled than under the present
mode of draughting the aggregate number of doublings being thus immensely
increased and a much evener yarn produced than is now possible.

page_text: "
The fibre may be gilled and combed in the same manner as at present before
being subjected to the first gill drawing frame.
The machines constructed according to my Invention comprise a pair of feed rolls
and a succession pair of drawing rolls each pair of drawing rolls except the last
serve as feed rolls for the next of the series.
The advantage of this construction will be at once apparent to those familiar
with this class of machinery for with a draught of two on each pair of drawing
rolls in a series of four, the aggregate draught will be sixteen so that while each
draught is so low as to insure the best possible effect in drawing the stock the
aggregate draught will be much greater than is practicable with the present single
draught machines and the product of each machine is largely increased.
With a draught of three on each pair of rolls the aggregate draught will be
eighty one, and with a draught of four on each pair an aggregate draught of two
hundred and fifty six is effected and so on.
The sliver or roving produced is consequently much finer than in a single
draught machine hence a much larger number of ends can be run into a machine
than is now possible the aggregate number of doublings effected being therefore
immensely increased.
.
Five ends in the first gill box, five ends in the second gill box five ends in the
first drawing frame four ends in the second drawing frame three ends in the third
drawing frame and two ends each in the fourth and fifth drawing frames. This
gives an aggregate of six thousand doublings.
By my improvement I am owing to the higher draught possible enabled to use
say ten ends in the first gill box ten ends in the second gill box ten ends in each
of the first two drawing frames seven ends in the third drawing frame and five
ends each in the fourth and fifth drawing frames thus obtaining an aggregate of
seven hundred thousand doublings, as compared with six thousand under the old
method.
The figures given above for the number of doublings by my improved plan are
of course simply for illustration and are not by any means to be taken as maximum
figures.
The capacity of each of my improved machines will depend upon the speed at
which it is practicable to run the last set of drawing rolls this being determined
by practice and by the character of the work to be performed.
When my improved system of multiple draught is applied to the spinning frame
it permits the use of a much larger roving for spinning with the consequent result
of the increased production of roving. Less twist is necessary, also, owing to the
increased size of the roving and there is less liability of the sliver to be strained by
the drag of the bobbin.
Two rovings may be fed into the spinning machine instead of one owing to the
increased draught possible with my improvement which will again increase the
.total amount of doublings and insure the production of more perfect yarn.
Probably two sets of drawing rolls on the spinning frame will be sufficient but
a higher number can be easily managed if the use of a higher number is deemed
advisable.
A guide of polished metal or porcelain may be placed in front and back of the
nip of each pair of drawing rolls these guides being capable of adjustment and
narrowing at each pair of rolls of the series so as to condense the fibre as the sliver
is drawn smaller.
Although I have described a system comprising two drawing gill boxes and five
drawing frames this is not to be taken as at all essential to my Invention as in
practice a much less number of doublings than is given in the above estimate will
probably be necessary and a less number of machines may be used-I have simply
described the use of seven machines in the system because under the present plan,
this is about the smallest number that can be used.
My improved system of multiple draught may be applied to the gill boxes used
before and after combing as well as for the drawing gill boxes.

page_text: Travelling gills may be used in connection with the gill boxes or failers or
porcupines can be used instead if desired and gills fallers or porcupines may be
used in place of the carrier rollers in the drawing frames.
Where gills fallers or porcupines are used they should be finer set at the finishing
than at the opposite end of the machine owing to the reduced bulk of the sliver
subjected to their action.
As the first pair of drawing rolls on each machine will be the only ones that will
act on twisted sliver they should be made of suitable size and strength to draw the
twisted sliver-In the other pairs of rolls the top roll need not be any larger than
the bottom roll and these can be light.
The first pair of drawing rolls only will require any great amount of pressure
the others acting on a sliver without twist being able to do their work almost
without pressure.
It is advisable to make each pair of rolls with independent gearing so that the
draught of any one pair may be altered at will.
J. HENRY JOHNSON,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agent for the said Emile Maertens.

page_text: Improvements in Drawing and Draughting Combed Textile
Fibres and in Machinery therefor.
I EMILE MAERTENS of Oswego Falls, Oswego County in the State of New York
United States of America Manufacturer of Worsted Goods do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This Invention consists of certain improvements in drawing textile fibres the
object being to obtain the best results as to perfection of product, and rapidity
and economy of production. The essential features of the improved process as
compared with the present system are that a greatly increased number of doublings
are obtained, even although the number of operations is reduced, and that a reduced
..draught of the fibre is also obtained while at the same time the production is
increased.
The main feature of the invention consists in subjecting the fibres in each
machine or between the successive doublings, to a number of drawing operations.
In an ordinary drawing frame spinning frame, or gill box for textile fibres, it is
usual to employ but one pair of drawing rolls, so that each machine effects but a
single draught of the fibre, and consequently a high draught is necessary to obtain
the desired amount of work from the machine.
The high draught is objectionable because it inevitably results in the production
of an uneven sliver or roving, owing to the fact that the long fibres are drawn
away from the short fibres in the stock, the latter fibres collecting in bunches or
slubs which ride on the outside of the sliver or roving.
My improved system of multiple draught effectually overcomes this objection
and yet enables me to increase the production of the machine, for although each
draught of the series is a low draught and consequently one best calculated to do
justice to the varied character of the fibres in the stock, the aggregate draught
of the series is greater than is possible with a single pair of drawing rolls.
The sliver or roving produced is consequently finer than is possible with a single
draught hence a greater number of ends can be doubled than under the present
mode of draughting the aggregate number of doublings being thus iminensely
increased and a much evener yarn produced than is now possible.
The fibre may be gilled and combed in the same manner as at present before
being subjected to the first gill drawing frame.
In the accompanying drawings I have shewn diagrams illustrating machinery for
drawing and spinning fibres according to my Invention. Figure 1 of the drawings
represents the first gill drawing frame-Figure 2 shews a second gill drawing
frame Figure 3 shews a first of a series of plain drawing frames. Figure 4
illustrates the character of the remainder of the series, and Figure 5 shews a
drawing and spinning frame. All of these machines are constructed in accordance
with my Invention. The machines are all similar in general principle and com-
prise a pair of feed rolls w and a succession of pairs of drawing rolls x each
pair of drawing rolls, except the last, serving as feed rolls for the next of the series.

page_text: In the drawings I have shewn four pairs of drawing rolls in each series although
more than this number, or as low as two pairs in each series, may be employed
within the scope of my Invention.
The advantage of this construction will be at once apparent to those familiar
with this class of machinery for with a draught of two on each pair of drawing
rolls in a series of four, the aggregate draught will be sixteen, so that while each
draught is so low as to insure the best possible effect in drawing the stock the
aggregate draught will be much greater than is practicable with the present single
draught machines, and the product of each machine is largely increased.
With a draught of three on each pair of rolls, the aggregate draught will be
eighty-one, and with a draught of four on each pair, an aggregate draught of two
hundred and fifty-six is effected, and so on.
The sliver or roving produced is consequently much finer than in a single
draught machine; hence a much larger number of ends can be run into a machine
then is now possible, the aggregate number of doublings effected being therefore
immensely increased.
This will be understood on comparing my improved plan with the ordinary
method as illustrated by a system comprising say two gill drawing boxes and five
drawing frames.
The following statement of the number of doublings in the present method may
be taken as a fair example of the known practice and as the greatest number
advisable.
Five ends in the first gill box, five ends in the second gill box, five ends in the
first drawing frame four ends in the second drawing frame three ends in the third
drawing frame, and two ends in the fourth and fifth drawing frames. This gives
an aggregate of six thousand doublings.
By my improvement, I am, owing to the higher draught possible, enabled to use,
say ten ends in the first gill box, ten ends in the second gill box, ten ends in each
of the first two drawing frames, seven ends in the third drawing frame, and five
ends each in the fourth and fifth drawing frames, thus obtaining an aggregate of
seven hundred thousand doublings, as compared with six thousand under the old
methed.
The figures given above for the number of doublings by my improved plan are,
of course, simply for illustration, and are not, by any means, to be taken as
maximum figures.
The capacity of each of my improved machines will depend upon the speed at
which it is practicable to run the last set of drawing rolls, this being determined
by practice and by the character of the work to be performed.
I should however estimate the speed at about 85 feet of surface velocity
per minute.
When my improved system of multiple draught is applied to the spinning frame,
it permits the use of a much larger roving for spinning, with the consequent
result of an increased production of roving. Less twist is necessary, also, owing
to the increased size of the roving, and there is less liability of the sliver to be
strained by the drag of the bobbin.
Two rovings may be fed into the spinning machine instead of one, owing to the
increased draught possible with my improvement, which will again increase the
total amount of doublings and insure the production of more perfect yarn.
Probably two sets of drawing rolls on the spinning frame will be sufficient, but
a higher number can be easily managed if the use of a higher number is deemed
advisable.
A guide of polished metal or porcelain may be placed in front and back of the
nip of each pair of drawing rolls, these guides being capable of adjustment, and
narrowing at each successive pair of rolls of the series, so as to condense the fibre
as the sliver is drawn smaller.
Although I have described a system comprising two drawing gill boxes and five
drawing frames, this is not to be taken as at all essential to my Invention, as in

page_text: practice a much less number of doublings than is given in the above statement
will probably be necessary, and a less number of machines may be used. I have
simply described the use of seven machines in the system because, under the
present plan, this is about the smallest number that can be used. .
My improved system of multiple draught may be applied to the gill boxes used
before and after combing, as well as for the drawing gill boxes.
I have shewn in the drawing travelling gills in connection with the gill boxes
but fallers or porcupines can be used instead of the same, if desired, and gills,
fallers or porcupines may be used in place of the carrier rollers shewn in the
drawing frames."
Where gills, fallers or porcupines are used, they should be finer set at the
finishing than at the opposite end of the machine, owing to the reduced bulk of
the sliver subjected to their action.
As the first pair of drawing rolls on each machine will be the only one that will
act on twisted sliver, they should be made of suitable size and strength to draw
the twisted sliver. In the other pairs of rolls, the top roll need not be any larger
than the bottom roll, and these can be light.
The first pair of drawing rolls only will require any great amount of pressure,
the others, acting on a sliver without twist, being able to do their work almost
without pressure.
It is advisable to make each pair of rolls with independent gearing, so that the
draught of any one pair may be altered at will.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is -
1st. The within described system of multiple draft for textile fibres.
2nd. A Gill box, drawing frame, or spinning frame having a series of pairs of
drawing rolls acting in succession all substantially as and for the purpose specified.
3rd. A Gill box, drawing frame, or spinning frame, having a series of pairs of
drawing rolls acting in succession, each pair, except the last, serving as feed rolls for
the succeeding pair all substantially as and for the purpose described.
4th. A gill box, drawing frame or spinning frame having a series of pairs of
drawing rolls acting in succession, in combination with gills, fallers, porcupines or
carriers all substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
5th. The combination in a gill box, drawing frame or spinning frame of a series
of pairs of drawing rolls acting in succession, gills, fallers, porcupines or carriers
and guides all substantially as and for the purpose set forth.