Year: 1887

page_text: This Specification was, upon the 20th day of February 1891, Amended under
Sections 18 to 21 of the Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks Act, 1883.
I, WILLIAM EDWIN HEYS, of 70, Market Street, Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Patent Agent do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to Gig Mills, or apparatus for teasing or raising cotton silk
woollen linen hemp and other fabrics capable of being teased and these Improvements
consist in replacing the cylinders in such machines by levers furnished with rollers
at their ends and operated by a curvilinear to and fro motion. This new arrangement
and construction permits the treatment of the fabric with and against the nap or pile
simultaneously and, as a consequence the teasing or raising is effected much more
quickly than with the ordinary cylinder gig mill.
In place of levers, other roller supports or carriers may be employed working in
straight slides when alternating rectilinear motion will be obtained.
The rollers carried by the levers, supports or carriers are clothed with iron steel
brass or other suitable cards to raise the nap upon the fabrics, they are driven
alternately and mutually in each direction with variable speeds and below each of them
there is a stripping roller.
To re-lay the nap there is attached to the apparatus rollers or other suitable organs
provided with metallic cards, couch grass, (chiendent) heather, (bruyères) horse hair,
silk, whalebone, indiarubber or other material suitable for the purpose.
In this continuous metallic gig mill the steeping of the fabric is effected in an open
vessel of water or by means of a sponge containing water and passed over the
fabric. It also allows the use of a clearing comb to remove knots or foreign matters
and the like from the fabric before teasing.
2
T.... AD
One
thousand eight hundred and

page_text: I, WILLIAM EDWIN HEYS of 70, Market Street, Manchester in the County of
Lancaster Patent Agent do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
This Invention relates to Apparatus for teasing or raising cotton silk woollen linen
hemp and other fabrics capable of being teased or raised and these Improvements
consist in replacing the cylinders in such machines by levers furnished at their ends
with rollers operated by a curvilinear to and fro motion.
This new arrangement and construction permits the treatment of the fabric with
and against the nap or pile simultaneously and, as a consequence, the teasing or
raising is effected much more quickly than with the ordinary cylinder raising
machines.
In place of levers, other roller supports or carriers may be employed working in
straight slides when alternating rectilinear motion will be obtained."
The rollers carried by the levers supports or carriers are clothed with iron steel
brass or other suitable cards to raise the nap upon the fabrics, they are driven
alternately and mutually in each direction with variable speeds and below each of
them there is a stripping roller.
To re-lay the nap there is attached to the Apparatus, rollers or other suitable
organs provided with metallic ribbons, couch gra³s (chiendent) heather (bruyères)
horse hair silk whalebone indiarubber or other material suitable for the purpose.
In this continuous metallic raising Apparatus the steeping of the fabric is effected
when required, in an open vessel of water or by means of a sponge containing water
and passed over the fabric or by spray from water jets. It also allows the use of a
clearing comb to remove knots or foreign matters and the like from the fabric before
teasing.
The appended Sheets of Drawings illustrate in what manner these Improvements
may he carried into effect.
Fig. 1, represents diagrammatically in longitudinal section a machine in which
these Improvements are embodied.
A crank-shaft I which is driven by the belt indicated in dotted lines imparts
alternating motion to the levers Q which carry the raising rollers Rand their Strippers R'.
There are four of the raising rollers represented as being carried by each lever and
this number gives the maximum effect, but if desired a reduced effect may be attained
to any desired extent by putting out of gear as many of the pairs of rollers as may
be desired. The Apparatus may be effectively operated with one or more pairs of
rollers up to the full number. The motion of the shaft I operates through suitable

page_text: gearing the drawing rollers A and H from which motion is communicated to the similar
rollers S and P by means of chains or belts. The roller S serves also to remove creases
from the fabric. "Motion is communicated also from the first motion or crank shaft I
to the intermediate pulley V which, by means of belts or chains causes the rotation
of the combing or smoothing rollers K K' and their strippers or clearers L L.
From the pulley V motion is conveyed through the intermediary pulleys X X' to the
clearing rollers R in pairs. The plain rollers OO serve as supports for the fabric
and if desired also as tighteners and are rotated by contact with the fabric.
At that end of the Apparatus at which the cloth enters, there are two small
rollers a and b over and under which the fabric passes. These rollers have each a
small pulley fixed upon the ends of their respective shafts and are provided with a
brake consisting of a flexible steel band covered with leather and arranged to grip
the peripheries of the pulleys. The steel band is provided at each end with a lug
through which passes a hand screw g for the purpose of applying or releasing the
brake, thus varying the strain for the different strengths of cloth. The fabric may
thus be adjusted to a proper tension for smoothing upon its arrival at the first
straightening roller P.
The small rollers a and b are of wood and are covered with long piled fabric when
a dry material is under treatment, as the movement of the combs tends to move the
material backwards or forwards, and thus crease the cloth. If, however, a fresh
fabric is under treatment the rollers are uncovered.
Upon leaving the raisers the fabric comes into contact with the first smoothing
roller K whose duties are to effect the preliminary equalization or levelling of the nap
or pile which has been thrown into a confused mass by the action of the raisers, and
to carry off any loose fibres. After this the material is subjected to the treatment
of a second similar but weaker roller K¹. The rapid production of an under pile is
facilitated by this means.
The operation of teasing and raising cloth is thus completely and advantageously
conducted without the use of the vegetable thistles or teazies hitherto employed.
The stripping rollers L and L' not being placed vertically are one above the other
the foriner does not receive the waste of the latter.
For very light cloths a finer or less powerful card with straight teeth is used for
covering the smoothing roller K. The fabric, the passage of which is indicated by a
line then passes over the drawing rolier H, which is geared with and revolves at
the same speed as the drawing roller A. The second smoothing roller K' which
operates upon the vertical portion of the cloth may be replaced by a cylinder,
furnished with cards, by card flats, or, as shewn in Fig. 2. by a series of card flats p
mounted on a chain driven by chain wheels r. The cards are cleaned or stripped by
the stripper 9 when passing round the lower chain wheel. In this way the same
effect will be obtained as if the cards were mounted upon a very large cylinder and
the nap will be more even or parallel than if produced by a small roller.
Between each pair of raising rollers R R (Fig. 1) is shewn a small curve / which
indicates the position of a selvedge protector, which may or may not be employed;
this apparatus is more clearly shewn in Figs. 3 and 4. The object of this protector is
to prevent any damage being done to the cloth when being raised or teased. When
the selvedges are a little irregular, they turn up and would lead to the destruction of
the cloth if the raising or teasing of the middle of the piece were continued. The
protectors are adapted to work one on each side or edge of the fabric. Side and
front views are illustrated respectively in Figs. 3 and 4, where the Apparatus is shewn
applied to one edge only of the cloth.
The protector consists of a vertical pillar B the lower part of which is secured in a
slot on the cross piece which binds the levers Q to the frame work of the raisers.
This slot permits of the adjustment of the protector to suit the different widths of
cloth D. The upper part of the pillar or support is grooved and contains a lever U
adapted to oscillate around a centre 1. The upper arm of the lever is half round in
order to facilitate the sliding of the cloth and the lower arm is provided with holes to

page_text: allow of the variable attachment of a spring R, the other end of which is secured to
an arm B¹ of the pillar B. S is a tube enclosing the spring R. F is a spring, the
head of which is capable of engaging in a notch E and holding the protector or
guard out of action with the cloth in the position shewn at C¹. The spring R re-sets
the Apparatus as soon as the head of the spring F is removed from the notch E.
The machine can be used equally well for raising other materials than wool, as for
example cotton by changing the cards. If, however, it is used for cotton or any
material the yarn of which is knotty and uneven, the front of the machine will have
to be constructed or furnished with an apparatus for removing the knots and hanging
threads.
The raising rollers are shewn in detail in Fig. 5.
carries a loose pinion B to which is attached a frame
spring S. The pawl engages with a ratchet wheel R
roller.
The spindle of the roller A
D carrying a pawl C and a
keyed on the spindle of the
On the shaft of the other roller is keyed a wheel F, of a diameter less than B, and
the two wheels are in gear with an intermediate wheel I, the position of which can he
adjusted along the slot G in the supporting arm or lever. If the lever be moved in
the direction of the arrow, the roller A engages with the fabric and rotates from right
to left. The loose wheel B is rotated through the agency of the pawl and ratchet,
and motion is transmitted through the wheel I to the small wheel F, keyed to the
spindle E. When the lever moves from right to left, an analogous motion is produced
as the other ends of the roller spindles are provided with wheels and apparatus
similar to those already described, with this difference, that the spindle E carries the
loose wheel and pawl and ratchet, and the spindle A the smaller fixed wheel. As this
second motion takes place and the speed of rotation of A increases, the ratchet allows
the wheel B to escape one or several teeth according to the differences in diameter
of B and F. It is evident that the rollers may be driven by friction pulleys, or by
belting in place of the toothed gearing.
In order to prevent stoppage and delay owing to the raising rollers becoming
choked, two stripping rollers M N are provided beneath the raisers and covered with
cards of flexible metallic ribbon. These stripping rollers are mounted upon a sliding
bracket P and may be moved nearer to or further from the raising rollers, along the
slot G. Even, however, if the raisers were not kept thoroughly cleaned or stripped,
good carding would result instead of stubbing of the fibres as in the cylindrical
raising machine. In addition to the metallic covering of the strippers, couch grass,
(chiendent) whalebone, silks, or any other material capable of cleaning the raisers
without destroying them may be employed. The strippers may be driven at the
required speed by means of belts or cords from the main shaft of the machine.
This machine is therefore applicable to all sorts of cloth which require raising and
the operation is performed smoothly as the material itself imparts motion to the
raising rollers.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention as communicated to me from abroad, I declare that what I claim is :-
(1) In a nap raising machine; raising rollers having a reciprocating rectilineal or
curvilineal motion in the direction of the warp, clothed with metallic cards adapted to
raise the desired nap and constructed and operated substantially as hereinbefore
described.
(2) In a nap raising machine having reciprocating raising rollers; gearing or
arranging together the rollers in such a manner that the leading roller which derives its
motion from contact with the fabric and imparts similar motion at a different speed
to the following roller; substantially as hereinbefore described.
(3) In a nap raising machine having reciprocating raising rollers; the combination
with each raising roller of a clearing roller-arranged below the raising roller and
operating substantially as hereinbefore described.
(4) In a nap raising machine having reciprocating raising rollers; a brake in

page_text: combination with two rollers, such as a and b Fig. 1, and constructed and arranged
substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described.
(5) In a nap raising machine; metallic cards or brushes, or equivalent materials
such as whale bone couch grass (chiendent) hair, wool, silk or indiarubber constructed
arranged and operated so as to lay the nap or pile parallel and in one direction;
substantially as hereinbefore described.
(6) In a nap raising machine; an apparatus or device such as water spray jets
or a saturated sponge for supplying water to or damping the fabric operated on;
substantially as hereinbefore described.
Dated this 18th day of April A.D. 1888.
WILLIAM E. HEYS..

page_text: Date of Application, 19th July, 1887
Complete Left, 19th Apr., 1888
Complete Accepted, 29th June, 1888
I, WILLIAM EDWIN HEYS, of 70, Market Street, Manchester in the County of
Lancaster, Patent Agent do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to Gig Mills, or apparatus for teasing or raising cotton silk
woollen linen hemp and other fabrics capable of being teased and these Improvements
consist in replacing the cylinders in such machines by levers furnished with rollers
at their ends and operated by a curvilinear to and fro motion. This new arrangement
and construction permits the treatment of the fabric with and against the nap or pile
simultaneously and, as a consequence the teasing or raising is effected much more
quickly than with the ordinary cylinder gig mill.
In place of levers, other roller supports or carriers may be employed working in
straight slides when alternating rectilinear motion will be obtained.
The rollers carried by the levers, supports or carriers are clothed with iron steel
brass or other suitable cards to raise the nap upon the fabrics, they are driven
alternately and mutually in each direction with variable speeds and below each of them
there is a stripping roller.
To re-lay the nap there is attached to the apparatus rollers or other suitable organs
provided with metallic cards, couch grass, (chiendent) heather, (bruyères) horse hair,
silk, whalebone, indiarubber or other material suitable for the purpose.
In this continuous metallic gig mill the steeping of the fabric is effected in an open
vessel of water or by means of a sponge containing water and passed over the
fabric. It also allows the use of a clearing comb to remove knots or foreign matters
and the like from the fabric before teasing.
Dated this Sixteenth day of July A.D. One thousand eight hundred and
eighty seven

page_text: I, WILLIAM EDWIN HEYS of 70, Market Street, Manchester in the County of
Lancaster Patent Agent do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
This Invention relates to Apparatus for teasing or raising cotton silk woollen linen
hemp and other fabrics capable of being teased or raised and these Improvements
consist in replacing the cylinders in such machines by levers furnished at their ends
with rollers operated by a curvilinear to and fro motion.
This new arrangement and construction permits the treatment of the fabric with
and against the nap or pile simultaneously and, as a consequence, the teasing or
raising is effected much more quickly than with the ordinary cylinder raising
machines.
In place of levers, other roller supports or carriers may be employed working in
straight slides when alternating rectilinear motion will be obtained.
The rollers carried by the levers supports or carriers are clothed with iron steel
brass or other suitable cards to raise the nap upon the fabrics, they are driven
alternately and mutually in each direction with variable speeds and below each of
them there is a stripping roller.
To re-lay the nap there is attached to the Apparatus, rollers or other suitable
organs provided with metallic ribbons, couch grass (chiendent) heather (bruyères)
horse hair silk whalebone indiarubber or other material suitable for the purpose.
In this continuous metallic raising Apparatus the steeping of the fabric is effected
when required, in an open vessel of water or by means of a sponge containing water
and passed over the fabric or by spray from water jets. It also allows the use of a
clearing comb to remove knots or foreign matters and the like from the fabric before
teasing.
The appended Sheets of Drawings illustrate in what manner these Improvements
may be carried into effect.
Fig. 1, represents diagrammatically in longitudinal section a machine in which
these Improvements are embodied.
A crank-shaft I which is driven by the belt indicated in dotted lines imparts
alternating motion to the levers Q which carry the raising rollers R and their Strippers R¹.
There are four of the raising rollers represented as being carried by each lever and
this number gives the maximum effect; but if desired a reduced effect may be attained,.
to any desired extent by putting out of gear as many of the pairs of rollers as may
be desired. The Apparatus may be effectively operated with one or more pairs of
rollers up to the full number. The motion of the shaft I operates through suitable

page_text: gearing the drawing rollers A and H from which motion is communicated to the similar
rollers S and P by means of chains or belts. The roller S serves also to remove creases
from the fabric. Motion is communicated also from the first motion or crank shaft I
to the intermediate pulley V which, by means of belts or chains causes the rotation
of the combing or smoothing rollers K K¹ and their strippers or clearers L L.
From the pulley V motion is conveyed through the intermediary pulleys X X' to the
clearing rollers R in pairs. The plain rollers 0 0 serve as supports for the fabric
and if desired also as tighteners and are rotated by contact with the fabric.
At that end of the Apparatus at which the cloth enters, there are two small
rollers a and b over and under which the fabric passes. Those rollers have each a
small pulley fixed upon the ends of their respective shafts and are provided with a
brake consisting of a flexible steel band covered with leather and arranged to grip
the peripheries of the pulleys. The steel band is provided at each end with a lug
through which passes a hand screw g for the purpose of applying or releasing the
brake, thus varying the strain for the different strengths of cloth. The fabric may
thus be adjusted to a proper tension for smoothing upon its arrival at the first
straightening roller P.
The small rollers a and b are of wood and are covered with long piled fabric when
a dry material is under treatment, as the movement of the combs fends to move the
material backwards or forwards, and thus crease the cloth. If, however, a fresh
fabric is under treatment the rollers are uncovered.
Upon leaving the raisers the fabric comes into contact with the first smoothing
roller K whose duties are to effect the preliminary equalization or levelling of the nap
or pile which has been thrown into a confused mass by the action of the raisers, and
to carry off any loose fibres. After this the material is subjected to the treatment
of a second similar but weaker roller K. The rapid production of an under pile is
facilitated by this means.
The operation of teasing and raising cloth is thus completely and advantageously
conducted without the use of the vegetable thistles or teazles hitherto employed.
The stripping rollers L and L' not being placed vertically are one above the other
the former does not receive the waste of the latter.
'
For very light cloths a finer or less powerful card with straight teeth is used for
covering the smoothing roller K. The fabric, the passage of which is indicated by a
line D then passes over the drawing roller H, which geared with and revolves at
the same speed as the drawing roller A. The second smoothing roller K¹ which
operates upon the vertical portion of the cloth may be replaced by a cylinder,
furnished with cards, by card flats, or, as shown in Fig. 2. by a series of card flats p
mounted on a chain driven by chain wheels r. The cards are cleaned or stripped by
the stripper 9 when passing round the lower chain wheel. In this way the saine
effect will be obtained as if the cards were mounted upon a very large cylinder and
the nap will be more even or parallel than if produced by a small roller.
Between each pair of raising rollers R R (Fig. 1) is shewn a small curve h which
indicates the position of a selvedge protector, which may or may not be employed;
this apparatus is more clearly shewn in Figs. 3 and 4. The object of this protector is
to prevent any damage being done to the cloth when being raised or teased. When
the selvedges are a little irregular, they turn up and would lead to the destruction of
the cloth if the raising or teasing of the middle of the piece were continued. The
protectors are adapted to work one on each side or edge of the fabric. Side and
front views are illustrated respectively in Figs. 3 and 4, where the Apparatus is shewn
applied to one edge only of the cloth.
The protector consists of a vertical pillar B the lower part of which is secured in a
slot on the cross piece which binds the levers Q to the frame work of the raisers.
This slot permits of the adjustinent of the protector to suit the different widths of
cloth 1). The upper part of the pillar or support is grooved and contains a lever C
adapted to oscillate around a centre 7. The upper arm of the lever is half round in
order to facilitate the sliding of the cloth and the lower arm is provided with holes to
:

page_text: allow of the variable attachment of a spring R, the other end of which is secured to
an arm B of the pillar B. S is a tube enclosing the spring R. F is a spring, the
head of which is capable of engaging in a notch E and holding the protector or
guard out of action with the cloth in the position shewn at C. The spring R re-sets
the Apparatus as soon as the head of the spring F is removed from the notch E.
The machine can be used equally well for raising other materials. than wool, as for
example cotton by changing the cards. If, however, it is used for cotton or any
material the yarn of which is knotty and uneven, the front of the machine will have
to be constructed or furnished with an apparatus for removing the knots and hanging
threads.
The raising rollers are shewn in detail in Fig. 5. The spindle of the roller A
carries a loose pinion B to which is attached a frame D carrying a pawl C and a
spring S. The pawl engages with a ratchet wheel R keyed on the spindle of the
roller.
On the shaft of the other roller is keyed a wheel F, of a diameter less than B, and
the two wheels are in gear with an intermediate wheel I, the position of which can be
adjusted along the slot G in the supporting arm or lever. If the lever be moved in
the direction of the arrow, the roller A engages with the fabric and rotates from right
to left. The loose wheel B is rotated through the agency of the pawl and ratchet,
and motion is transmitted through the wheel I to the small wheel F, keyed to the
spindle E. When the lever moves from right to left, an analogous motion is produced
as the other ends of the roller spindles are provided with wheels and apparatus
similar to those already described, with this difference, that the spindle E carries the
loose wheel and pawl and ratchet, and the spindle A the smaller fixed wheel. As this
second motion takes place and the speed of rotation of A increases, the ratchet allows
the wheel B to escape one or several teeth according to the differences in diameter
of B and F. It is evident that the rollers may be driven by friction pulleys, or by
belting in place of the toothed gearing.
In order to prevent stoppage and delay owing to the raising rollers becoming
choked, two stripping rollers M N are provided beneath the raisers and covered with
cards of flexible metallic ribbon. These stripping rollers are mounted upon a sliding
bracket P and may be moved nearer to or further from the raising rollers, along the
slot G. Even, however, if the raisers were not kept thoroughly cleaned or stripped,
good carding would result instead of stubbing of the fibres as in the cylindrical
raising machine. In addition to the metallic covering of the strippers, couch grass,
(chiendent) whalebone, silks, or any other material capable of cleaning the raisers
without destroying them may be employed. The strippers may be driven at the
required speed by means of belts or cords from the inain shaft of the machine.
This machine is therefore applicable to all sorts of cloth which require raising and
the operation is performed smoothly as the material itself imparts motion to the
raising rollers.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention as communicated to me from abroad, I declare that what I claim is :-
(1) In a nap raising machine; raising rollers having a rectilineal or curvilineal
motion in the direction of the warp, clothed with metallic cards adapted to raise the
desired nap and constructed and operated substantially as hereinbefore described.
(2) In a nap raising machine having reciprocating raising rollers; gearing or
arranging the rollers in such a manner that the leading roller derives its motion from
contact with the fabric and imparts similar motion at a different speed to the following
roller; substantially as herein before described.
(3) In a nap raising machine having reciprocating raising rollers; the combination
with each raising roller of a clearing roller arranged below the raising roller and
operating substantially as hereinbefore described.
(4) In a nap raising machine having reciprocating raising rollers; a brake in

page_text: combination with two rollers, such as a and b Fig. 1, and constructed and arranged
substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described.
(5) In a nap raising machine; metallic cards or brushes, or equivalent materials
such as whale-bone couch grass (chiendent) hair, wool, silk or indiarubber constructed
arranged and operated so as to lay the nap or pile parallel and in one direction ;
substantially as hereinbefore described.
(6) In a nap raising machine; an apparatus or device such as water spray jets
or a saturated sponge for supplying water to or damping the fabric operated on;
substantially as hereinbefore described.