MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING LOOPED OR PILE FABRICS
Year: 1884

page_text: We, THOMAS NORTON, of Nortonthorpe and Cuttlehurst Mills, Denby Dale,
near Huddersfield, in the County of York, Manufacturer of Fancy Cloths; and
JAMES HENRY HELLEWELL, of Kitchen Royds, Denby Dale, aforesaid, Foreman
Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the above invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING LOOPED OR PILE FABRICS to be as follows:-
In the case of a loom using wires inserted mechanically in weaving looped or
pile fabrics it has heretofore beon customary to draw out the wires by suitable
apparatus, to their full lengths, in an approximately straight line, at one, or other,
or both ends of the loom; & the floor-space occupied by each loom thus equipped
has been necessarily great.
The object of our invention is to reduce the floor-space, occupied by each loom,
to a minimum, by introducing an improved method of inserting and withdrawing
the wires, which permits a more compact apparatus to be used, whereby a great
portion of the extra floor-space is saved.
We accomplish this as follows; At that end of the loom at which the wires are
to be inserted & withdrawn, we arrange, in the required position, a circular drum
or sheath, round, or in which the several wires are, in their respective turns,
wrapped and unwrapped, by suitable partial rotations given to the drum at & in
the required times and directions.
The plane of revolution of this drum is arranged, approximately, at right angles
to the breadth of the wires (presuming the breadth to be greater than the thick-
ness, as usual in cut pile fabrics) & parallel to the length of the wires as they stand
when beaten up in the fabric by the slay (as in this direction they are the more
casily coiled and uncoiled); in other words, the plane of revolution of the drum or
sheath is parallel, or approximately so, to the plane in which the fabric moves
during the time in which the wires remain in it. (Round wires will of course
coil in this plane equally well.)
The wires (which must of necessity possess the requisite resilience in the direc-
tion in which the coiling takes place) are provided with suitable heads which are
gripped and released by a spring clip attached to the drum-suitable guides being
provided for playing thom, off, & on, in the required direction and manner.

page_text: In order that the drum shall take up the minimum room we prefer to make it
as small as practicable & we also prefer to arrange its axis in such a position that
the drum shall project over & into the space occupied-(so to speak)-by the loom
itself. In such a position the spring clip attached to the drum may be arranged to
stand, at about quartor centre, close up to the wire head at the selvage of the fabric.
When thus arranged the breadth of the loom (using the term breadth as signifying
the direction in which the breadth of the material woven would be measured) is
not practically altered; whilst the usual distance between loom and loom required
for the attendant will generally be found to be sufficient for the portion of the
drum projecting in this direction.
We make tho' subordinate to the main object—a portion of the gearing, which
actuates the drum, in such a manner that it will only act when the loom is running
forward-this, by catches, acting in one direction only--so that when the loom is
turned backward the drum receives no motion. We also arrange that the whole
of the wire motion can be thrown out of gear by a simple catch so that the loom
may be used for ordinary weaving when required. The said gearing receives its
motion from the loom itself in any suitable way.
We consider it of importance to arrange the whole of the apparatus for working
the wires in such a manner that it may be added to any suitable loom without
much alteration being necessary, &, as far as possible, without taking up any
such additional room as would require the positions occupied by such looms to be
altered, in cases where they are already fixed and working.
We purpose where necessary to apply to looms using this apparatus a brake
acting in the manner set forth in the Provisional Specification accompanying a
con-current application in our joint names for a patent for an "Improved Applica-
tion and Arrangement of Brake for looms for weaving."

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Looms for Weaving Looped or Pile Fabrics.
We, THOMAS NORTON, of Nortonthorpe and Cuttlehurst Mills, Denby Dale, near
Huddersfield, in the County of York, Manufacturer of Fancy Cloths; and JAMES
HENRY HELLEWELL, of Kitchen Royds, Denby Dale, aforesaid, Foreman Mechanic,
do hereby declare the nature of our invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING LOOPED OR PILE FABRICS, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
In the case of a loom using wires inserted mechanically in weaving looped or pile
fabrics it has heretofore been customary to draw out the wires by suitable
apparatus, to their full lengths, in an approximately straight line, at one, or other,
or both ends of the loom; and the floor space occupied by each loom thus equipped
has been necessarily great.
The object of our invention is to reduce the floor-space occupied by each loom to
a minimum, by introducing an improved method of inserting and withdrawing the
wires, which permits a more compact apparatus to be used, whereby a great portion
of the extra floor-space is saved.
We accomplish this as follows:-At that end of the loom at which the wires are
to be inserted and withdrawn, we arrange, in the required position, a circular drum
or sheath, round or in which the several wires are, in their respective turns,
wrapped and unwrapped, by suitable partial rotations given to the drum at and in
the required times and directions.
The plane of revolution of this drum is arranged, approximately, at right angles
to the breadth of the wires (presuming the breadth is greater than the thickness,
as usual in cut pile fabrics) and parallot to the length of the wires as they stand
when beaten up in the fabric by the slay (as in this direction they are the more
easily coiled & uncoiled); in other words, the plane of revolution of the drum or
sheath is parallel, or approximately so, to the plane in which the fabric moves
during the time in which the wires remain in it. (Round wires will of course coil
in this plane equally well.)
The wires (which must of necessity possess the requisite resilience in the
direction in which the coiling takes place) are provided with suitable heads which
are gripped and released by a spring clip attached to the drum-suitable guides being
provided for playing them, off, and on, in the required direction and manner.
In order that the drum shall take up the minimum room we prefer to make it as
small as practicable and we also prefer to arrange its axis in such a position that
the drum shall project over & into the space occupied (so to speak) by the loom
itself. In such a position the spring clip attached to the drum may be arranged to
stand, at about quarter centre, close up to the wire head at the selvage of the
fabric. When thus arranged the breadth of the loom (using the term breadth as

page_text: signifying the direction in which the breadth of the material woven would be
measured) is not practically altered; whilst the usual distance between loom and
loom required for the attendant will generally be found to be sufficient for the
portion of the drum projecting in this direction.
We make, though subordinate to the main object, a portion of the gearing, which 5
actuates the drum, in such a manner that it will only act when the loom is running
forward-this, by catches, acting in one direction only-so that when the loom is
turned backward the drum receives no motion.
We also arrange that the whole of the wire motion can be thrown out of
gear by a simple catch so that the loom may be used for ordinary weaving when
required.
The said gearing receives its motion from the loom itself in any suitable way.
We consider it of importance to arrange the whole of the apparatus for working
the wires in such a manner that it may be added to any suitable loom without
much alteration being necessary, and as far as possible, without taking up any such
additional room as would require the positions occupied by such looma to be altered
in cases where they are already fixed & working.
In order the more fully to explain the mode in which we put our invention into
practice we have annexed four sheets of drawings.
Fig. 1, sheet 1, is a plan showing tho general arrangement; Figs. 2 & 3, sheet 2, 1
are also plans, showing more fully such parts as are more or less hidden in Fig. 1.
Fig. 4, sheet 3, is a general elevation, and Fig. 5, sheet 4, is a side elevation.
The same letters refer to the same parts in all the drawings, and the largo
arrows show the direction when the loom is running forward in the usual way.
On Fig. 1 the drum A is shown as having just played a wire G' in, and on the
point of pulling a wire G¹ out of the fabric Z. B is the hook and C is the spring-
clip, practically similar to those used and described in the patent of Geo. and Jno.
Collier, No 929, A.D. 1862, but mounted and acted upon in a different manner so
as to suit the rotative movement of the drum. The hook and clip are hinged
,together on the pin D which latter is mounted and fixed to, and moves with, the
drum A. A spring E keeps the hook pressed towards the clip C. As the mode in
which a wire is hooked, drawn, and clipped, and afterwards inserted and released,
and the wire furthest in the fabric then dealt with next-is so similar to that
described in the above mentioned Patent No 929, A.D. 1862, we pass on to describe
the further particulars of our invention.
As soon as the wire G¹ has been hooked and partly drawn out of the fabric Z,
the clip C travelling towards the mouth F1 of the sheath F. F. will strike against
the curved surface F1 and spring the clip on to the wire head, as shown in dotted
lines at C. For this purpose, if necessary, the curved opening F of the sheath
may be made adjustable. The rotative movement of the drum may be continued
to a convenient point, say, wher the spring-clip is shown at C. In bringing the
drum to rest buffers H, say of indiarubber, or leather, may be made to strike an
adjustable buffer-block H.
J. is an adjustable friction clamp bearing on the upper edge of the drum A, which
edge may be eased so as only to bear at the points required. The object of this
clamp is to steady the drum and neutralize jerks and momentum.
Such a friction clamp may be arranged to be worked, at the required time, by a
cam, if found desirable.
An adjustable guide I may be used where necessary to correctly lead the ingoing
wire into the open shed. The reeds to a great extent guide the ingoing wire and
in cases where the fly is pierced by any projecting part, we close the opening with
a trap-door so that the wire may pass smoothly over it.
Turning to Fig. 5, sheet 4, it will be seen that the shaft A¹ (which is practically
vertical) carrying the drum A is actuated in two ways, either by the bevelled
wheels at the foot, driven by the cross shaft K, or by the pulley & chain L
and Ll

page_text: Noticing the position of these bevelled wheels, and turning to Fig. 4, sheet 3, it
will be seen that the shaft K is arranged to receive certain intermittant advancing
movements, such, that, when passed through the bevelled wheels, will give to the
drum A the movement required to withdraw a wire.
The necessary alternate movement to unwrap and insert a wire is passed through
the chain and pulley L¹ & L, which we refer to afterwards.
On the shaft K a loose pulley M is mounted, on which a chain N rides. This
chain is driven by a chain-wheel N¹, fixed on a sleeve O', on the picker shaft O,
and at the other end of the frame it passes over another pulley N", round which it
completes its circuit back to M. For keeping the chain tight the pulley N' is
provided with a screw and wheel N°. The chain is shown as one fitted-at three
equal distances with catch links P1, P2, P3, one of which is shown in gear with
the catch P. The chain completes its circuit once whilst the chain wheel N¹ makes
three revolutions-thus a catch link comes into action during each revolution of
the sleeve O¹ (see Fig. 2).
Returning to the before mentioned catch P, it will be seen that it hinges at Q, on
the lever Q which is keyed to the shaft K. It is drawn inwards towards the
chain by springs, and disengages itself when its toe comes in contact with the
adjustable roller Q³. (If the loom be turned backwards the curved back of
the catch links P' raises the catch P out of the way, and no movement is conveyed
to the drum.) A pawl Q' is fitted to the lever Q1 so that the catch P may be fixed
out of gear at any time when it is desired to run the loom without the wire motion.
In Fig. 4. the lever Q¹ is shown approximately in its most advanced position, the
toe of the lever P being in contact with the disengaging roller Q³-this advance
completes the withdrawal of a wire.
Reverting to the pulley & chain L & L', by which the motion necessary to insert
a wire is given to the drum A, it will be seen, by Fig. 3, that the chain is attached
to a sliding bar L³, which in its turn is connected by a rod L³ with the upper end
of a lever R. This lever, which has its fulcrum at its foot R¹, carries a roller R'
(see Fig. 4) which is acted upon by the cam S, (see Fig. 2) mounted on the
sleeve O. In Fig. 4 the lever R is shown in the position into which it would be
drawn by the last advance of the catch lever Q1, when it withdrew a wire.
The advancing cam S acting on the roller R³ thrusts the lever over into the
position shown by the dotted lines & during this movement the wire is played off
the drum and inserted into the open shed.
Whilst this movement is going on the catch lever Q¹ is being thrown back into
the position shown by the dotted centre line. It will be seen that the lever R will
not move, after it has been thrust over by the cam, until the catch lever Q'is
caught and moved forward by the next catch link-hence, if the pawl Q' is made
to hold back the catch P, the movements of the drum A are entirely stopped.
Side by side with the cam S, and mounted on the same sleeve O¹, is another
cam T for working our patent brake or automatic slowing gear which is fully
described in our Complete Specification, No 106272, A.D. 1884-It is only necessary
here to say that at the moment that a wire is being inserted the cam T acting on
the roller T¹ fixed on the brake lever T' moves the belt partly on to the loose
pulley and puts on the brake; in this case T is the brake, To the brake wheel, &
To the rod communicating the pressure from the lever, whose fulcrum is at Tº.
Another rod U communicates with the belt guide lever U¹, which has its fulcrum
at U on the belt bar U. The belt is shown on the fast pulley U³, & U⚫ is the
loose pulley. A hand wheel is shown at US. The belt bar U is shown connected
through a lever U7 to the spring "knock-off" bar Us (see Fig. 3). This is all fully
explained in our above-mentioned Patent N° 16272, A.D. 1884.
The sleeve O¹ receives its motion from the wheel V which is driven by the
pinion V, mounted on the crank shaft V³, the ratio of the wheels being 3 to 1 in
|the arrangement shown,

page_text: The picker shaft O has the wheel W keyed on it, which is driven by its
pinion W, in this case arranged in the proportion of 2 to 1.
We prefer to fix our cams by bolting them to the sides of a neighbouring wheel,
a great number of radiating teeth being made to interlock one with the other as
shown-This for the purpose of adjustment.
The number of wire heads shown in the fabric is six which will suit most cut
pile fabrics however, by proportioning the size of the spring-clip and hook, a
- greater number could be used.
It will be understood that a general arrangement cannot be shown which can be
adapted to every loom as each size and make will require modifications, but the
description above given will enable any practical man to apply our invention to
any particular case. The exact shape of the cam S is not important so long as it
quietly does it work in the interval allotted, and has sufficient "throw" to insert
the wire to its full length; its "throw" must bear a proportion to the diameter of
the pulley L. The diameter of the drum A must also be borne in mind, it should be
proportionate to the width of the loon. Similar care must be used in proportioning.
and adjusting the catch lever arrangement, mounted on the shaft K.
In the example shown on the drawings the loom has its crank shaft driven by a
bevelled wheel, whose pinion is fixed on the same shaft as the fast and loose
pulleys.
This shaft might have the brake pulley also fixed on it- but we have here
.shown it as acting through the neighbouring bevelled pinion with which it is fixed
and mounted on the same sleeve.
In reference to giving the partial rotations to the drum at the before mentioned
"required times," our invention allows us to work out many variations in these
said times. If the chain N be fitted with such a number of catch links (P¹ and
others) as represent, in travelling round the times at which the "shed" is open;
and means be provided for keeping the catch P out of gear with the links except
at such a time when it was desired that a wire should be thrown into the then
open shed; it follows that these variations can be brought about.
For this end we make the following provisions; The loom is arranged to go on
with plain weaving, except when a wire is thrown; the chain is fitted with the
necessary number of catch links; and the catch P is kept out of gear by its heel
coming in contact with the end of the lever X, which lever is actuated by a star-
wheel X, & is allowed to release the catch P at the times arranged by the star-
wheel links. The picks given and missed would also be under the influence of a
similar star-wheel arrangement so as to give or miss the required picks in
conformity with the wires thrown.
The cam S (which throws the lever R out of gear and inserts the wire then just
drawn) can be made with a number of projections each serving as a cam and
having a relationship to the number of catch links fitted in the chain, so that,
whenever a wire is drawn, one of the sections of the cam immediately replaces it
in the fabric-A similar arrangement of the brake cam T would have to be made
and the brake lever kept out of gear except when the star-wheel permitted the
contact, thus, only putting into action the slowing gear when required for the
insertion of a wire, as described in our patent N° 16272 A.D. 1884.
To avoid crowding the drawing, the position of the star-wheel X' is shown at
some distance from the picker shaft O from which we would propose to drive it.
As the star-wheel arrangement is in everyday use for throwing out cams on
picking shafts and for raising "box motions" we do not trouble to describe it.
An advantage of some importance in weaving wide fabrics results from our
method of coiling a long wire into a sheath such as we use, viz, that in throwing
the wire out of the sheath no great length of unguided wire has to be dealt with in
the first instance (the great part of it being under control in the sheath). The
portion of the wire left projecting is practically no longer in a large drum or sheath
than in a small one, and as some little momentum is stored up in the wire before it
E

page_text: leaves the sheath, & as the wire is played out somewhat in a curved line against
the reeds, it follows that the insertion of a long wire is rendered a less difficult
task.
Having now particularly described & ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is
1. In a loom using "wires" for weaving looped or pile fabrics-the novel method
of wrapping & unwrapping, in consecutive order, a series of wires on & off a drum-
titted in a sheath-oscilliating in the plane specified, with the object & for the
purpose set forth, which novel method is shown carried into effect in and by the
apparatus described and shown on the drawings.
2. In a loom using "wires" for weaving looped or pile fabrics-the novel method
of wrapping & unwrapping, in consecutive order, a series of wires on and off a
drum-fitted in a sheath-oscilliating in the plane specified, with the object & for
the purpose set forth, substantially as described, & shown on the drawings.
3. In a loom using "wires" for weaving looped or pile fabrics-the combination
of the hook B and its accompanying spring-clip C operated by the incline F'; the
hinge D; and the tail spring E; with the drum A on which the pin D is mounted,
with the object & for the purpose set forth, substantially as described & shown on
the drawings.
4. In a loom using "wires" for weaving looped or pile fabrics-the combination
of the brake J with the drum A whether adjusted with a screw-or actuated by a
cam, with the object & for the purpose set forth, substantially as described & shown
on the drawings.
5. In a loon using "wires" for weaving looped or pile fabrics-the combination
of the drum A, with the buffers H. H. acting on an adjustable buffer block H¹,
with the object & for the purpose set forth, substantially as described & shown on
the drawings.
6. In a loom using "wires" for weaving looped or pile fabrics-the catch
lever Q1; the catch links P¹ & others on the endless chain N; the catch P; and
the disengaging gear Q³; in combination with & for the purpose of actuating the
drum A, with the object & for the purpose set forth, substantially as described and
shown on the drawings.
7. In a loom using "wires" for weaving looped or pile fabrics-the curved backs
of the projecting links, P' & others, fitted in the chain N; in combination with the
catch P; & the lever Q1; whereby a backward movement of the chain may be
made without actuating the drum A, substantially as described & shown on the
drawings.
8. In a loom using "wires" for weaving looped or pile fabrics-the pawl Q³ for
holding the wire motion out of gear when required, in combination with the
catch P; its spring; and the lever Q'; substantially as described & shown on the
drawings.
9. In a loom using "wires" for weaving looped or pile fabrics-the sleeve O';
the chain wheel N¹; & the cain S, whether single or multiple; the lever R & its
connections up to the shaft A'; in connection with & for the purpose of actuating
the drum A with the object & for the purpose set forth, substantially as described
& shown on the drawings.
10. In a loom using "wires" for weaving looped or pile fabrics-the combination
of our Patent Automatic Slowing Gear, arranged to slow this our wire motion at
the required times, substantially as described & shown on the drawings.
11. In a loom fitted with a drum as hereinbefore described-the novel method
of governing the intervals at which wires may be inserted into the fabric, which
novel method is shown carried into effect in & by the apparatus described & shown
on the drawings.

page_text: 12. In a loom fitted as hereinbefore described-the combination of the star-
wheel X, & its lever X, or other equivalent; with the lever Q'; & the catch P ; for
the purpose of putting into & holding out of action the tail piece of the latter, so
as to govern the wires thrown for the purpose of making variations in the weaving,
substantially as described & shown on the drawings.
13. The apparatus forming the Complete Wire Motion, constructed, arranged, &
operated, substantially as set forth & shown on the drawings, with the object & for
the purpose specified.