Year: 1886

page_text: I IRA HARRIS, Manufacturer of 155 Leonard Street, Cleveland in the County
of Cuyahoga, State of Ohio, United States of America do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what, manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference
being had to the drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon, that is.to say :-
My invention relates to an improved process or method of manufacturing shears,
the bows of which are formed with a transverse bevel, such as are known in the
trade as straight and bent trimmers " "banker's shears" "barber's shears" and
the like, each half of the shears being forged from a bar of steel in a drop press,
the different steps of stamping, swaging, punching and setting, by means of suit-
able dies, being hereinafter fully described, the object being to provide a lighter;
cheaper and better article of manufacture.
In order to produce the bevel above referred to in the bows, it has been usual
to construct them by casting, for the reason that with dies as ordinarily made the
bevelled bow would key the two dies together and prevent their separation. This
difficulty has heretofore been so far insurmountable as to prevent the manufacture
of bevel bowed shears of solid steel.
"
In carrying out my invention I employ five sets of dies for forming each half
of the shears, consisting of breaking down, forging, trimming, punching and
twisting dies. Of these, the first, 'third, and fourth may be of ordinary construc-
tion. The forging dies of the finger blade are formed with a transverse "lock'
so as to impart the transverse bevel above referred to in the sides of the bow and
prevent keying the dies together. The final twisting dies are formed like the
forging dies, excepting that they are made with a wind to impart the required set
to the blade with the necessary spiral twist or wind.
Each half of the shears, consisting of one blade and its attached bow, is formed
by my process, of one piece of steel by five complete sets of dies performing the
Buccessive operations of breaking down, forging, trimming, punching, and setting
or twisting, making the shears complete with the exception of polishing and
fitting.
In carrying out my process, I take a bar of steel suitably heated, and form a
blank by the customary breaking down process with suitable dies operated by
drop or pressure; then forge the blank thus formed between dies of peculiar
construction, which will be described hereinafter. I then trim the surplus metal
between dies in customary manner, and punch out the film or web of surplus

page_text: metal within the bow of the blank by dies which may also be of usual form; and,.
finally, when the blank is cooled below a red heat, stamp it between the setting
dies to be hereinafter described:
In the accompanying drawings are illustrated suitable dies for carrying out my
process.
Figures 1 and 2 are respectively, a top and bottom plan of the co-operating
dies A and A¹,
Figure 3. is an elevation in longitudinal section through the centre of the
dies A and A²,
Figures 4 and 5 are respectively, a top and bottom plan of the co-operating
dies B and B¹.
Figure 6 is an elevation in transverse section of the dies B and B¹ on the
line y, y, Figures 4 and 5. .
.
•
These two sets of dies are arranged side by side in the drop press and are used
alternately for "breaking down" the bar of steel to form a suitable blank.
Figures 7 and 8 are respectively, a top and bottom plan of the forging dies C
and C³, showing side and end elevation of each.
Figures 9 and 10 are elevations in transverse section of the dies C and C¹ taken
respectively on the lines m m and o o. Figures 11 to 20 inclusive show the
corresponding breaking and forging dies for the other half of the shears. . The
same description given of the previous Figures will also apply to these figures
except Figure 19 which is in longitudinal instead of transverse section. To save
prolixity all these Figures are lettered alike.
Figure 21 shows a plan of the trimming die D, and also side and end elevations
of the same. Figure 22 shows a bottom plan of the co-operating trimming die D¹
and also an end elevation of the same. Figure 23 is a side elevation of the die D¹.
Figure 24 is an elevation in transverse section of the dies D and D', on the lineæ, æ,
Figures 21 and 22.
These trimming dies are for trimming off the films from the outside of the
forging.
Figure 25 shows a plan view of the punching die E for severing the web or fin
from the inside of the bow, a rear end elevation of the die E being also shown.
This die. for convenience in making is divided longitudinally on a vertical line
through the centre.
Figure 26 shows a side elevation of the front portion. of the divided die E,
showing also the stripper e and the punch E, the latter in its elevated position.
Figure 27 is a side elevation of the rear portion of the die E, showing the punch
depressed. Figure 28 is an end elevation of the die E. Figure 29 is an elevation
in transverse section of the die E, punch E¹ and stripper e taken on the line y, Y
Figure 25.
Figures 30 and 31 are respectively top and bottom plans of the co-operating
twisting or shaping dies F and F¹.
Figures 32 and 33 are elevations in section, respectively on the line 2-8,' and
Figure 30 showing the transverse concavity of the die F.
Figures 34 to 44 inclusive illustrate the trimming, punching and shaping dies
for the other half of the shears, for a description of which see description given
of Figures 21 to 31.
The construction of the forging dies is as follows:
The dies C, C¹, about the parts for forming the blade and shank are substan-
tially similar to dies B; B¹, except that the grooves or depressions are slightly
smaller and bring out more sharply the outlines of the work. The part about the
bow is entirely different. The lower die C has a groove q which completely
surrounds the shear form, at a little distance therefrom, and is for the purpose
of holding part of the surplus metal and preventing its flow towards the edges of
the dies to some extent.
In addition to the customary longitudinal lock or depression forming the bent
shoulder, a transverse lock or depression 7, r², respectively in the upper and lower

page_text: dies is made forming diverse planes in the parting surfaces of the dies, and pro-
ducing the desired cross-section or transverse bevel in the two sides of the finger-
bow without causing the keying together of the dies by the forging operation.
Inside of the bow the division of the dies C and C is oblique, the dies being
brought together here in a projection 8 8¹, respectively in each die, so that when
the faces of the dies are together the projections lie obliquely and bend toward
the angle produced by the transverse lock before referred to in the faces of their
respective dies. In this way the division lines both inside and outside of the bow
vary from near the top to near the bottom of the bow.
The fifth or twisting dies are similar in form to the second or forging dies, but
have in the blade forming portion, a twist adapted to impart to the blade a per-
manent set with a slight twist or spiral wind, which in the finished shears adapts
the edges to work in close contact and with elastic pressure one upon the other
from the heel to the point, as the blades are closed in use.
The member F of the twisting dies F, F, is transversely convex on the face of
its cavity so as to produce a concave on the face of the blade.
Such concavity could of course be made by the grind stone or emery wheel, but
would require too much grinding.
The twisting dies are therefore made to shape the face of the blade transversely,
to approximately fit the emery wheel or stone on which the blade is to be ground,
and consequently little grinding is required.
I am aware that scissors, technically so called, the same having straight or
non-bevelled bows, have before been swaged by means of dies. This therefore
I do not claim as new, but I am not aware that bevel-bowed shears have ever
before been swaged, each complete member, consisting of one bow and its blade,
of a single piece of steel.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. The forging dies C, C³, constructed and operating as herein shown and
described, for forging each blade of a pair of bevel-bowed shears from a single
piece of steel, as explained.
2. The series of dies A, A, B, B, and C, C², constructed and operating as herein
shown and described, for forging bevel-bowed shears.
3. The twisting or shaping dies F, F' constructed and operating as and for the
purpose herein shown and described.
4. The mode or process of manufacturing bevel-bowed shears, each blade of a
ingle piece of steel, which consists in breaking down the blanks with suitable
preliminary dies, forging them with the dies C, C¹, punching out the surplus
metal in customary manner, and finally shaping and twisting them by means of
he dies F, F, all as herein described.