CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF MADDER AND THE PRODUCTS OBTAINED THEREFROM
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Armand Le Comte de Fontaine Moreau, of
the General Patent Offices, 10, Rue de la Fidélité, Paris, in the Empire
of France, and 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Patent Agent, for the
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF MADDER AND
THE PRODUCTS OBTAINED THEREFROM."-A communication from Monsieur
Jules Pernod, residing at Avignon, France.
ICO, and
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF MADDER AND
THE PRODUCTS OBTAINED THEREFROM."-A communication from Monsieur
Jules Pernod, residing at Avignon, France.
Sealed the 13th June 1865, and dated the 25th February 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Armand Le Comte
de Fontaine Moreau at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 25th February 1865.
I, PETER ARMAND LE COMTE DE FONTAINE MOREAU, of the General Patent
Offices, 10, Rue de la Fidélité, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 4, South
Street, Finsbury, London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF MADDER AND
THE PRODUCTS OBTAINED THEREPROM," to be as follows, that is to say:-
The Invention communicated to me consists in treating madder and the
coloring principle extracted from it.
To carry out the Invention I wash the root with pure water to separate the
foreign matters from it, and afterwards I grind under a wooden crusher with
pure water until reduced to liquid paste. I filter the whole to collect only the
coloring solution, which I precipitate in using chloride of calcium, chlorydric

page_text: or sulphuric acids, or any other substance, forming with the coloring principle
an insoluble compound. The residue is then strained on woollen cloth of a
close texture, and finally dried and reduced to powder.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Peter Arınand Le Comte de Fontaine Moreau in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 19th June 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PETER
ARMAND LE COMTE DE FONTAINE MOREAU, of the General Patent Offices,
10, Rue de la Fidélité, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 4, South Street,
Finsbury, London, Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Peter Armand Le Comte de Fontaine Moreau, Her special
licence that I, the said Peter Armand Le Comte de Fontaine Moreau, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Peter
Armand Le Comte de Fontaine Moreau, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an In-
vention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF MADDER AND THE
PRODUCTS OBTAINED THEREFROM," communicated to me. from Monsieur Jules
Pernod, a person resident at Avignon, France, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Peter Armand Le Comte de Fontaine Moreau, ny
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Peter Armand Le Comte de Fontaine
Moreau, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement, that is to say :-

page_text: The Invention communicated to me consists in treating madder and the
coloring principles extracted therefrom.
To carry out the Invention, the root of the madder, either fresh or dried, is
subjected to several washings to separate from it the mould or other foreign
substances adhering to it; and the water employed for the several washing
operations required for the above purpose must be very pure, and the same
precautions must also be observed for the subsequent washings, particular
care being taken that such waters should contain no particles whatever of
calcareous salts. The roots, being washed, are then placed under a mill stone
or wooden crushers, avoiding at the same time with the greatest care the
contact of the roots with calcareous stones, iron, or brass. To reduce the
roots by the above operation a small quantity of pure water is added, and with
this additional precaution they produce a very fluid pulp. The whole is
strongly stirred in a convenient vessel by any suitable means, and afterwards
poured in a wooden frame the bottom of which is lined with wire gauze, the
meshes of which must be sufficiently close to retain all the woody parts or
fibres of the roots, whilst at the same time all the coloring principle can run
into a wooden vat with the water contained in the pulp, which latter is again
treated by several washings to obtain any of the coloring parts which may
remain, and these washings are carried on until the water remains only very
slightly colored. The waters employed in all the operations are collected into
the same vat. The woody parts of the fibres of the roots which have been
collected from the upper surface of the wire gauze are treated by washings of
boiling water (which must not contain any calcareous salts), and which
washings are continued until all the coloring elements are extracted. The
waters employed in these last operations are collected with the waters used in
the preceding cold washings, and to the whole of the waters so collected is
added chloride of calcium in sufficient quantity to precipitate all the coloring
principle therein contained. Sulphuric or chloric acid instead of chloride of
calcium can be employed to precipitate the coloring principle contained in
these waters, especially if the operations for obtaining the said coloring prin-
ciple have in view the manufacture of alizarine. For the same purpose, also,
every substance capable of forming with the coloring principle an insoluble
compound can be usefully employed for precipitating. When, on the con-
trary, the coloring element is prepared for the purpose of replacing in a direct
manner the madder to be employed for dyeing purposes preference should be
given to the chloride of calcium, as this last salt forms, with the coloring
principle of the madder, a compound which is completely insoluble when cold,
but combining very readily when in a heated state with the mordants deposited

page_text: on the fabrics which are to be dyed. The coloring matter having been left to
settle at the bottom of the vat, the liquid on the surface is filtered and the
coloring substance laid on very close woollen cloth, on which it is left until
the water is entirely.drained off. If the product is not to be employed directly
in the neighbourhood, or if it is not to serve for manufacturing alizarine, it is
strongly pressed, placed in a stove, and finally reduced to powder, and in this
state it is ready for commercial purposes.
And having now described the Invention communicated to me, and the
best mode of putting it into execution, I declare that I do not confine myself
to the precise details of the several operations herein-before described, as the
same may vary without deviating from the principle of the Invention, but
what I claim and wish to be protected by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent is, the mode of extracting the coloring matter from madder
and the products obtained therefrom, substantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Armand Le Comte de Fontaine
Moreau, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day
of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-five.
Witness,
H*. GILBEE,
10, Rue de la Fidélité,
25th May 1865.
Paris.
L. DE FONTAINEMOREAU. (L.S.)