A NEW OR IMPROVED TYPE WRITER
Year: 1885

page_text: I, MARSHALL ARTHUR WIER of No 3 Palace Grove, Upper Norwood in the
County of Surrey, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
A NEW OR IMPROVED TYPE WRITER to be as follows:-
:-
In this invention I employ India rubber band or bands having rubber letters
or types formed on their surfaces, or metal types upon a rubber base. The band
or bands are passed round suitable pulleys, placed at suitable distances apart at the
two ends of a frame or carriage and attached to a slide free to be moved to and
fro upon the frame or carriage. The frame or carriage has attached to it several
small friction pulleys or wheels adapted to run on or against two parallel rails
fixed upon the base of a suitable case or box. To one side of the inner part of the
frame or carriage a flat rod of suitable length is hinged and over this is placed
another strip attached to both sides of the frame or carriage having holes therein
at certain distances apart corresponding to the spaces that separate the types or
letters on the rubber band. Over this strip is placed a slider in which a hole is
made of the same size as those in the strip. A pointed pin accurately fits this
hole and the holes in the strip. A knob may be attached to this pin, or a holder
or thimble into which one of the fingers of the operator is introduced when
working the machine. A spring keeps the pin out of contact with the holes in
the strip when required. The two ends of the rubber type band after passing
round the pulleys are suitably attached to the slider. When different kinds of
type or letters are to be used the attachment between the slider and the band may
be made by means of a pin, which is caused to project from the slider into a hole
in the band. By changing the point of attachment between the slider and band
different kinds of type are brought into operation. The slider has a pointer
attached to it which points to an index on the carriage of the letters or figures
upon the type band. The hinged rod has a projecting lever fixed to its under side
to which a ratchet paul is attached taking into a rack place on the base of the box
and running from end to end of it, or instead of the ratchet paul, a flat spring is
caused to project from the end of the lever parallel with the base of the box, but
slightly curved downwards so as to press against a strip of rubber, leather or similar
material, fixed to the base of the box or case, A key is also so placed that the
spring may, when necessary, be lifted out of contact with the rubber strip.

page_text: To operate the instrument; the finger is introduced into the thimble or holder
attached to the slider, and moved along until the pointer points to the required
letter, the finger is then depressed. This action cause the pointed pin to enter the
bole in the strip immediately under it, the pin then presses against the hinged rod
and depresses it. This motion causes one of the type band pulleys to be moved
forward in a direction at right angles to the movement of the flat rod, carrying
the letter on the type band with it, and against a printing block placed in front.
The motion given to the pulley is conveniently done by means of a small bell
crank lever, or a cam and similar device. The tension given to the type band
may be either its on elastic force or, if the band is made non-elastic, a spring or
springs may be suitably employed. The act of depressing the hinged rod also
gives motion to the projecting lever attached to it, and by means of the paul or
spring & rubber arrangement, causes the frame or carriage to move sideways when
the pressure on the pin is released. This action spaces the letters and may be
made adjustable by means of a screw, which limits or regulates the space through
which the lever is allowed to move.
The material to be printed upon is passed across the printing block and attached
to a roller upon which it is to be wound as it is written upon, or two rollers may
be employed to draw it through.
The line spacing is done automatically by the action of moving the frame or
carriage to its starting place. This is done by fixing to the base of the box a small
lever, to which rods and a bell crank lever are suitably attached, so as to connect
them to a ratchet paul, wheel and lever attached to the paper roller. The width
of the line is varied by adjusting the leverage, either in the bell crank lever or the
ratchet arm or in both.
When music is to be written the necessary characters are formed upon a rubber
The frame is also made of greater
band of greater width than the type band.
depth to accommodate it. The spacing is done by moving the carriage by hand
the necessary distances.
The inking is done by placing two pads, one on each side of the pulley nearest
the printing block so that the band in passing may rub against them and
be inked.

page_text: I, MARSHALL ARTHUR WIER, of 3 Palace Grove, Upper Norwood, in the
County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention
for "NEW OR IMPROVED TYPE WRITER" and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying sheets of Drawings and to the
letters and figures marked thereon :-
In the Drawings hereto annexed Figure 1 is a plan of an apparatus constructed
in accordance with my invention, Figure 2 an end view of same, Figure 3 a section
at line 1-1 of Figure 1, Figures 4 and 5 sections at lines 2-2 and 3-3 respec-
tively of Figures 1 and 2, Figure 6 a partial front view of the frame or carriage C
of Figures 1, 2 and 3, Figure 7 a plan of a modified arrangement of the said frame
or carriage, and Figure 8 a section on line 4-4 of Figure 7.
In this invention' I employ an indiarubber band A. (one or more) having india-
rubber letters or types formed on its surface, or metal type secured to the india-
rubber base formed by the band. The band A is passed round pulleys B B placed
at one end of a frame or carriage C and round the pulley B¹ placed at the opposite
end of the said frame or carriage C, and is secured at D¹ to a slider D free to move
to and fro thereon. This frame or carriage C has connected to it friction wheels
or rollers E E and guides E' adapted to run on, in, or against two parallel rails F F
fixed on a suitable case, box or stand G.
To one side of the inner part of the frame or carriage C is hinged a flat rod or
plate H, over this rod or plate H is placed a strip I fixed to the frame or carriage C,
and having holes J formed therein at distances apart corresponding to the spaces
that separate the types or letters on the indiarubber band A. Over the strip I is
placed the slider D in which is a hole K corresponding to the holes in the strip I.
A pointed pin L fits and slides in the hole K, the lower end of the pin L entering
any one of the holes in the strip I over which it may be brought. The upper end
of the pin L has a knob M on to which the finger of the operator is placed when
working the apparatus. A spring N keeps the pin L elevated out of the holes in
the strip I when not pressed down by the operator. In order to enable different
kinds of type or letters to be used the point of attachment of the band A to the
slider D may be changed (see Figures 7 and 8) from the point D¹ to the point D³
(when the carriage C is moved to the end of its course) by means of the piece D³
adapted to slide on the slider D, transversely to the strip I, (see Figure 8), a
pin D or a pin D³ on the slide D³ being caused to pass through a hole in the
band A, and into a corresponding hole in the slider D, either on the left or right
hand side according as the slide D³ is moved to one side or other on the slider D.
By placing the slide D³ as shown the pin D' effects the connection of the band A
to the slider D and the set of type on that side of the band A is brought into

page_text: bears
action, but by moving the slide D³ in the direction of the arrow, the pin D is
disconnected from the band, and the pin D connected therewith, whereby the set
of type on that side of the band A is brought into action. The slider D (see
Figure 1) carries a pointer O which points to an index plate P fixed on the frame
or carriage C, and on which are the letters or figures corresponding to the letters
or figures on the type band A. The underside of the flat rod or plate E presses
against one arm of a bell crank lever Q to which is connected a spring ratchet
pawl R taking into a rack running from end to end of the base or box or pressing
against a strip of indiarubber, leather, or other suitable yielding material S
occupying the same position on the base, the object of the ratchet, pawl, and rack,
or strip of indiarubber is to effect the feeding. forward of the frame or carriage C
by the necessary space each time a letter is printed on the paper. A key R¹
enables the ratchet pawl R to be operated when required so as to feed the frame
or carriage C forward without depressing the pin L whereby the wider spaces
between the words may be produced. A screw R regulates the feed effected by
the ratchet pawl-R by limiting the motion of the arm of the bell crank lever Q to
which the pawl R is connected. The hinged rod or plate H is connected to a bell
crank lever T by a link U. This bell crank lever T is pin jointed to or.
against the back of a sliding block V (Figure 3): which, when the hinged rod or
plate H is depressed by the point of the pin L pressing against it, is thrust
outwards by the bell crank lever T against the pressure of the spring V2 and,
pushes that part of the type band A which may then be in front of it, against
the paper W (Figure 2) which is carried over the printing pad W, and between
the pressure rollers W2 W3 W, the turning of which by the handle W5 brings the
part of the paper it is desired to print on into the plane of the type band A.
The pressure rollers W2 and W are mounted in the ends of arms W W7, turning
on pivots W8 on the arms W9, and pressed together by the springs W10. The paper
rollers and the printing pad are mounted on arms W" which turn on pivots W12
on the base, for the purpose of allowing the paper rollers and the printing pad to
be folded inwards into the box for convenience of packing. X is an inking pad
arranged to be moved up into contact with the type band A when the sliding
block V is in its backward position and to be moved away therefrom, into the
position shown in dotted lines in Figure 3, when the sliding block V is in its
forward position by means of the bell crank lever X¹ jointed to the frame or
carriage C.
1
#
The action of the apparatus is as follows: The forefinger of the operator is
placed on the knob M, the second finger and thumb grasping the projecting finger
piece M¹, and the slider D is moved along the frame or carriage C until the
pointer O comes opposite the required letter on the index plate P; this motion of
the slider brings the part of the type band A (at which is placed the type corre-
sponding to that on the index plate opposite to which the pointer O has been
brought) opposite to the sliding block V. The finger on the knob M is, then
depressed, causing the pin L to enter the hole in the strip I immediately under it.
The effect of this is, firstly, to secure the accurate placing of the type on the
band A opposite the sliding block V, the pin L and the hole in the strip I acting
as mutual guides to effect that object, and secondly, to cause the rod or plate H to
be turned on its hinge by the action upon it of the point of the pin L. This
motion of the plate H causes the sliding block V to be moved forward, by the
action of the bell crank lever T and link U, carrying the letter or type on the
band A with it, and pressing it against the surface of the paper W stretched over
the printing pad or block W' as before described. The act of depressing the
hinged rod or plate H also gives motion to the lever Q moving, the pawl R
backwards so as to take a fresh tooth of the rack or a fresh grip on the strip of
rubber S, and when the pressure on the pin L is released the spring R³ causes.the
frame or carriage C-to move sidewise a distance sufficient to give the desired space
between two letters. This distance between the letters can be adjusted by means
.

page_text: of the screw R' which limits or regulates the space through which the lever Q is
allowed to move as before described. The paper or other material W to be printed
upon being passed over the printing pad W₁ and between the rollers W Ws and
W may be wound forward by the handle W5 when it is desired to commence a
fresh line of printing, or the line spacing may be effected automatically by the
action of moving the frame or carriage C to its starting point for each line. This
may be effected by a suitable arrangement of levers and connecting rods, operated
by a part of the frame or carriage C as it approaches its starting point, so as to
act on a pawl which takes into a ratchet wheel on the paper roller W³, the width
between the lines being varied by adjusting the leverage so as to vary the throw
of the pawl. . Or the automatic spacing of the lines may be effected by the arrange-
ments shown in Figures 1 and 1* in which Y represents a ratchet wheel fixed on
the paper roller W. Y¹ is a pawl taking into the teeth of the ratchet wheel Y
and jointed to an arm Y2 pivotted on the arm W₁ and bearing, when in its normal
position, on the pin Y³ towards which it is drawn by the spring Y. Y' is a
friction roller against which the inclined plane Ye, fixed to the carriage C, presses
as the latter approaches the end of its motion in the direction of the arrow in
Figure 1 whereby the pawl Y is moved in the direction of the arrow in Figure 1*
turning the ratchet wheel Y through a distance dependent upon the traverse of
the carriage C which may be regulated by the set screw Y'.
The traverse of the carriage C towards the left hand of the paper being printed
on may be regulated by the adjustable stop Z; Figures 1 and 2, so as to secure
that the beginning of each succeeding line shall occur directly below that of the
preceding line.
As
When music is to be written the necessary characters are formed on an india-
rubber band of greater width than that used for ordinary type writing, and
the frame or carriage C is made of greater depth to suit the wider band,
the spaces between the signs for music are not uniform the spacing between
the signs may be effected by moving the carriage C by hand to the required
distance.
The inking may also be effected by placing two pads one on each side of
the pulley nearest the printing block, so that the type band in passing, may rub
against them and be inked. The necessary tension may be given to the type
band A. by its own elastic force or by a spring or springs as may be found
convenient.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
First In type writing apparatus the employment of the indiarubber printing
band with type formed thereon or secured thereto, substantially as hereinbefore
described, and illustrated in the Drawings hereto annexed.
Second-In type writing apparatus the combination of the frame or carriage,
the indiarubber printing band carried on rollers in the said frame or carriage,
the slider to which the said printing band is connected, the devices whereby the
exact position of the type on the printing band with relation to the paper on the
printing pad is secured, the devices for pressing the printing band against the paper,
the devices for inking the type on the printing band, the devices for traversing the
frame or carriage the distance necessary for securing the proper spaces between
the letters and words printed on the paper, and those for effecting the spacing of
the lines of printing, substantially as herein before described, and illustrated in the
Drawings hereto annexed.
Third-In type writing apparatus in which the printing is effected by means of
an endless printing band, the arrangements whereby the said printing band may
be connected to either side of the slider at pleasure, as hereinbefore described, and
illustrated in Figure 8 of the Drawings hereto annexed.

page_text: Fourth In type writing apparatus in which the printing is effected by means
of an endless printing band, the arrangement whereby the paper, holding rollers,
and printing pad, may be turned over or folded into the box or base, as herein-
before described, and illustrated in the Drawings hereto annexed and for the
purpose set forth.