IMPROVE- MENTS IN TREADLE LOOMS
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Denton Abel, of N° 28 Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex for an Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TREADLE LOOMS" communicated to him from abroad by Louis
Laeserson and Hermann Wilke, both of Moskau in the Empire of Russia
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Denton Abel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th September 1883.
"
CHARLES DENTON ABEL of No 28 Southampton Buildings Chancery Lane in
the County of Middlesex IMPROVEMENTS IN TREADLE LOOMS" [communicated
to him from abroad by Louis Laeserson and Hermann Wilke, both of Moskau in
the Empire of Russia]
This invention relates to an improved construction of treadle looms offering the
following advantages.
Fabrics can be woven thereby without any power other than human power being
required, the weaver being enabled to work the loom with but small pressure
applied to the treadle.
The speed of working can be regulated in each machine partly according to the
material, partly according to the construction of the fabric.
The most delicate and finest materials can be woven with advantage.
The heald frames being made to operate without cords, chains or straps, can be
readily removed,, or changed for passing new warps.
"
In cases where several healds operate together both for upward and downward
motion, the friction of the warp threads can be reduced to a minimum by putting
them in motion at different moments.
Both the simplest as also the most complicated constructions of fabrics, as also.
all changes thereof, can be executed with ease by the shifting of cams.
Every description of fabric with different forms of selvage can be woven, and
the latter can be shifted in width without altering the harness.
The tension of the warp can be maintained perfectly uniform by means of a
alling weight with pullies having double action. Uniform tension is maintained

page_text: during weaving and in all secondary operations, and the uniform advance of the
fabric is effected by means of a lever and the lathe combined.
Broken warp threads can be passed readily with a closed shed, and every
secondary operation of weaving can be effected without any visible marking of the
fabric.
Multiple changes of shuttles for fabrics with multiple colored weft can be effected
with slight expenditure of force.
The finest weft materials can be woven with shuttle spools of the largest possible
size, while at the samo time the weft threads have the greatest possible tension in
order to effect a perfect shoot.
For accomplishing the above objects the loom is constructed as follows;-Two
rocking levers actuated by a treadle impart rotary motion by connecting rods and
cranks to a fly-wheel shaft the crank pins of which work with antifriction rollers
in curved loops on the upper ends of rocking arms, the lower ends of which are
pivotted to the framing, so that during one part of the revolution of the crank
pins a rocking motion is imparted to the arms while at another part of the
revolution the arms are stationary, and the arms being connected by rods to
the lathe of the loom, this has by this means the requisite dwell imparted to it
during its to and fro motion corresponding to the traverse of the shuttles.
The fly-wheel shaft carries a toothed wheel which drives a toothed wheel of
double diameter below it fixed on the picker shaft: On the latter are the following
new mechanisms which have for their object to cause the speed of the shuttlo
always to bo the saine, whether the loom works quicker or slower and to effect
a gentle propulsion of the shuttle by spring power, which is of advantage for fine
and delicate weft materials. At each end of the picker shaft is a cain, half the
periphery of which is circular and on which the antifriction roller of the picker
lever bears. When. the roller is situated on the circular part, the lever has its
highest position, but it falls at once again when the roller passes on to the drops.
By the downward motion of the lever the picker strap at the head of the picker
lever is slackened, thereby allowing the picker arm to be drawn back by a helical
spring, the one end of which is connected to a projection on the lathe beam while
the other end is attached to one of the holes of the driver socket. The latter
carries a quadrant on which is fixed with adjustable tension a picker strap by
means of a hook and thumb nut. After tightening, the strap is further secured
by a clamp with two screws. The picker arm acts on a picker in the shuttle box
which drives the shuttle, the latter thus receiving indirectly its motion from the
helical spring, whereby the shuttle always has the same speed through the shed,
whether the loom is worked fast or slow. This is of advantago as it enables the
loom to be worked at any desired-speed, corresponding to the material used and the
fabric to be produced.
V
The picker shaft bas also the following new mechanisins, having for their object
to effect the motion of the warp threads with the greatest care, thus enabling the
finest and most delicate material to be worked with advantage.
PL
For this purpose, the shaft carries a drum loose thereon, on the periphery of
which there are for each harness motion, two cams, situated at a distance from each
otlier equal to that of the adjusting rods under the heald fraises: Two such.
parallel cams raise or lower two levers corresponding thereto, and bearing with
antifriction rollers thereon, which levers in rising, actuate by means of links other
levers situated below them in an inverted position, and having their centres
perpendicularly below the apex of the shed. As all the levers on each side, are
respectively pivoted to one and the same bolt, the stroke of each set of levers is
equal, as all the cams are of equal height. The arins on the levers, by which they
actuate the frame carriers are, however, situated at varying distances from the
ivots, so that their strokes will be the greater, the greater their distance is from
such pivots, and consequently the frame carriers will, be correspondingly raised
more or less, as they rest upon adjusting rods in the arms. Each of the adjusting
rods can be raised or lowered by means of two nuts, in order to adjust the frames

page_text: resting thereon, accurately into a horizontal position. The frame carrier has at the
upper edge of each end a projecting cylindrical pin which works in the slots of
guides on the side framing, so. as to guide them vertically in their motion. The:
frame carrier has furthermore two pairs of small cheeks between which the heald!
frame is securely held. By the peculiar arrangement by which the harness frames,
are always raised simultaneously by two sets, of levers, no swaying or displacing
thereof during the up and down motion is possible, so that the warp shed can be..
reduced to the smallest, amount of motion, and as the pivot of the levers, actuating.
the harness is situated vertically under the apex of the shed, the heald frames are:
raised in such, a manner that all the warp threads of, the shed lie in one plane, and.
thus the advantage is gained that the most delicate materials can be, effectually,
woven by this loom.
1
;
60
i.
d
:
The heald frames consist, of two horizontal bars of a length equal to the total
width of the loom, and of two vertical connecting bars which project somewhat to
the right and left so as to work up and down in the grooves of guides in the side
frames. These connecting bars are provided at top and bottom with long slots
and teeth, against which fit slides consisting of two metal plates having between
them a pawl and also a pin. Aspace above or below the pawl serves to receive
the heald beam, which, as, also the heald twines, may be of ordinary construction..
After placing the heald beams and heald twines in position, the latter can be
stretched to any desired extent and be held in that condition by the pawls gearing ⚫
with the beforementioned ratchet teeth. In order to reduce the downward pressure
of the levers with, the arms and heald frames, balance weights, pivotted to a bolt
on the framing, have arms which bear against the underside of the levers so as to
counteract the downward pressure. thereof and render the motion of the heald
frames a very easy one, in addition to which the advantage is gained of being able
to actuate each frame independently of the others, and to remove the frames for..
the purpose of attaching new warps or for changing the frames for others, without
having to disconnect any cords, chains or straps, while the healds can be kept very:
slack, whether the frames work in the upper or lower shed. The cams, being all
separately adjustable and having independent, strokes, can be so arranged as to
operate one after the other whereby the heald frames are raised one after the other,
so as to effect the motion of the warp threads gradually instead of all being moved .
simultaneously, and thus they are subjected to the least amount, of friction..
In order to carry out the simplest and the most complicated constructions of
fabrics as also all changes thereof readily by shifting the cams, the beforementioned
drum which extends the entire width of the loom and is made rotatable on the
driver shaft, has two sets of cams, one to the right and one to the left, arranged in
a corresponding manner to the sets of levers; its rotation is effected step by step..
through small arcs according to the number of shoots to one revolution, the
rotation being effected by a driving wheel on the fly-wheel shaft and a star wheel
on the selvage shaft, which is turned through a quarter revolution at each
revolution of the fly-wheel shaft. On the selvage shaft, are, on each side, the
selvage cams, under which are levers with antifriction rollers that are alternately
pressed down by the latter and that effect the independent binding of the selvage
and also effect such binding differently from that of the fabric. In addition to
these parts, the selvage shaft also has a toothed wheel, perpendicularly below which
is a wheel of equal diameter and having the same number of teeth fixed to the cam
drum, and the motion of the former is imparted to the latter by the two coupled
change wheels. These change wheels determine the speed of the cam drumn, that
is to say, whether it shall have completed a revolution after two, three, four, five,.
six, seven or eight throws of the shuttle, and according to the proportion of this
number of throws to a revolution of the drum, cams of different forms are fixed on
the drum, for which purpose a corresponding number of screwed holes are formed
therein.
If the proportion of shuttle-throws exceed the number eight, and extend to from
'

page_text: 10 to 24, the drum has long strips of metal equal in length to the drum, and
instead of screwing the cams on the drum as above described, they are in this case
screwed to the strips in two sets. The latter are now connected at their ends by
links to form an endless band of any desired length, and the cams fixed thereon act
on the levers with their friction rollers as in the previous case.
In order to produce, with every description of goods, a perfectly independent
selvage, and with different binding from that of the other part, the selvage shaft is
provided with selvage cams, which afford to the selvage threads at all times an
independent binding and have no connection with the binding of the other part of
the fabric, the movements for the binding of the fabric are however always
derived from the mechanisms for the selvage motion. For enabling the width of
fabric to be varied at pleasure, the heald twines for the selvage are attached to a
strap that is passed round a long roller projecting from the side frame of the loom,
the straps being connected to one point of the roller; by being passed through a
slot and round an internal pin therein. The strap and heald twines consequently
receive an up and down motion by partially rotating the roller by means of another
strap actuated by the levers of the selvage motion, while at the same time the
strap with the twines is capable of being shifted longitudinally on the roller for
narrowing or widening the fabric. In the lower loop of the heald strap is
suspended a weighted roller, which keeps the straps and healds stretched. A second
roller on the frame serves to guide the back part of the lever strap forward, so that
it shall pass down perpendicularly to its lever. For putting a constant uniform
tension on the warp, the axis of the warp beam carries pullies on which are coiled
cords doubled to form a loop, which loop is passed over a rounded stud on the
pulley while the ends of the cord are connected to a susponded weight, which puts
the desired tension on the warp beam. There are two such looped cords side by
side, and the ends of each are connected by metal plates and screws to a looped
strap in which is a roller from which the weight is suspended, so that both cords
are strained by the weight. The two loops of the cords have attached to them the
ends of another cord hanging down in a loop on the opposite side of the pulley to
that on which the weight is situated, and in this loop is a roller from which a small
weight is suspended. Thus, when by the rotation of the pulley consequent on the
drawing off of the warp from the warp beam; the stud carrying the loop of the
one or other of the cords passes beyond the horizontal position, the loop will be
drawn off the stud by the small weight, and the cord in slipping will allow the
large weight to descend until the loop is caught by the next stud, the strain on tho
pulley and warp beams being however maintained by means of the pull of
the weight on the other cord. Thus the weight will exercise a constant strain on
the warp beam.
In order to maintain the warp at a uniform tension during the weaving and all
manipulations that occur, the uniform forward motion of the goods is effected by
means of a special lever with peculiar pawl frame and by means of the lathe. For
this purpose, the axis of a ratchet wheel carries a pinion gearing with a toothed
wheel on the cloth beam: The ratchet wheel is moved forward by the pawl frame
and maintained in tension. The pawl frame consists of two sido cheeks connected
by bars and carrying loose on pins between them six pawls of different length, that
are pressed by springs on the teeth of the ratchet wheel. On the axis of the latter
is also pivotted the before mentioned lever with a loading weight. which is
adjustable so as to load the lever more or less, whereby the ratchet wheel and
consequently (by means of the cloth beam) the fabric, is always loaded and kept
stretched. This lever is alternately raised by two pins carried by a double ended
lever on the picker shaft, and made adjustable for a longer or shorter stroke. A
second pawl frame, situated above and similar to the lower one, holds the ratchet
wheel at the moment when the lever is raised by the pins. As the weight only
keeps the fabric stretched through the lever, a forward motion of the fabric by the
stroke of the lathe can only take place when a weft thread has been carried in by

page_text: the shuttle; but whenever this misses, the fabric remains stationary even if the
lathe should strike several times without the weft thread being carried in, thus this
arrangement is similar in its action to the differential regulator.
For delicate and fine fabrics it is of the greatest importance to draw in broken
warp threads with a closed shed, and to avoid entirely blemishes in the fabric that
would arise from the stopping of the loom or missing of the weft thread or closing
of the shed, for which purpose the following mechanisms are employed. In order
to place all the heald frames at the same level, no matter which are raised and
lowered, the heald levers are raised by a crank bar from the lower shed into the
upper shed, whereby all heald frames are brought into the same position and also
all warp threads are brought to the same level, and the passing of the shuttle
through the shed is consequently greatly facilitated. The crank bars are situated
on both sides of the shaft, which has at one end a small toothed wheel gearing
with a toothed quadrant of twice the diameter. This quadrant is fixed on a short
shaft that can be turned by means of a hand lever with counterweight, whereby
the before mentioned gearing will be made to turn the crank bars from the
horizontal into the vertical position, or the converse. The hand lever is provided
with a cam which, on the lever being depressed, is caused to raise the loaded lever
by means of a pin, thereby preventing any, spontaneous sinking of the loaded lever,.
and consequently also any advance of the goods. A disengaging bar is simultaneously'
raised by the before mentioned small toothed wheel, and consequently the upper
pawl frame is also raised by means of a pin which slides in a long slot in the
disengaging bar, whereby the pawl frame is thrown out of gear and consequently
the whole tension of the fabric is put upon the lower pawl frame. Furthermore,.
the loaded lever moves by means of a pin a double ended lever pivotted on a
stud, which lever has for its object to prevent any unintentional working back-
wards of the loom during the weaving, this being effected by introducing a
caoutchouc roller carried by the lever between the teeth of the driving gear. The
double ended lever is loaded at its upper end with a weight so that when not acted
upon it may press the caoutchouc roller with greater force between the teeth of
the gearing.
'
In order to weave fabrics with multiple colored wefts with the least expenditure
of power, the following arrangements are employed. The lathe carries in the axial
line of its pivots a loose spindle, receiving step by step rotary motion by means of
a pawl lever actuated by a cam on the fly wheel shaft, the rotation being stopped
by a brake after each stroke.. This spindle carries a drum at each end having
recesses on its surface arranged in patterns and over this drum passes an endless
belt having rows of holes corresponding to the holes in the drum. A lever actuated
by cams driven by the fly wheel shaft imparts an up and down motion to the
shuttle boxes by means of connecting rods, and also to a horizontal bar, that can
be coupled by a pin to either one of two frames that carry vertical rods of different
length situated immediately over the rows of holes in the driving belt, so that
when the bar is so coupled the said lever will impart an up and down motion to
one or other of the set of rods, and as the motion of these will be greater or less
according as, in its descent, the one or other finds a hole in the drum into which it
can enter, it will be seen that the motion of the lever will be varied accordingly,
whereby it will be caused to bring different shuttle boxes consecutively in line with
the shuttle race of the lathe at each stroke.
In order to weave the finest weft materials from shuttle spools of the largest
size and with the greatest tension on the thread, the following construction is
employed. The shuttle is made of thin metal strengthened by forming shallow
ribs thereon. The shuttle has two holes for conveniently removing the empty
spools and a central hole through which the weft thread passes. The spool is
formed tubular and is slid over a tubular axis having small trunnions at its ends
running in bearings in the shuttle and having small bow springs that hold the
spool when slid on. The one end of the spool has a conical enlargement upon
which the weft thread is wound so as to lie in successive conical layers along the

page_text: whole length of the spool. Against the conical layer of thread rests a small
conical roller carried by a slide which slides along a bar having ratchet teeth into
which takes a spring catch on the slide, so that this can only travel in the direction
in which the thread is drawn, off the bobbin, so as to keep the roller pressed
against the thread. The motion of the slide and the roller in such direction is
effected by the jerk of the shuttle on being started in one direction by the picker,
the ratchet teeth preventing the slide from moving back again on the return
motion.
The thread passes from the spool through a ring on the slide, and thence through
a spring loop on the shuttle, that can yield somewhat to the pull on the thread, and
from this loop the thread is led backwards and forwards through eyes on opposite
sets of rods that are actuated by springs so as to keep the thread stretched at all
times as it is delivered out of the shuttle, and ensure its being laid in a stretched
condition in the shed of the fabric. .
The spring stretching rods are connected to spring "tension feelers" having studs
projecting through slots at opposite ends of the shuttle, so that by pressing these
studs together with the fingers, the stretchers are moved together in opposition to
the springs, so as to bring all their eyes opposite each other and enable the thread
to be passed simultaneously through them."
For proventing the spool from continuing to revolve when arrived at the end of
its travel, so as to prevent it from delivering more than the requisite amount of
thrend, a spring arm attached to the shuttle has a break-block at its free end
which, when pressed against the end of the spool spindle, will stop its rotation.
The spring arm has a stud projecting through a slot in the shuttle, which stud, on
the shuttle entering the shuttle box, is pressed upon by the hinged shuttle guard
therein, so as to cause the brake to be applied while the shuttle is completing its
motion. On its again moving out of the shuttle box, the spring arm is released and
the brake is taken off.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Charles Denton Abel in the Patent Office on the 8th March 1884,
CHARLES DENTON ABEL of N° 28 Southampton Buildings Chancery Lane in
the County of Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREADLE LOOMS" A communication
to me from Abroad' by Louis Laeserson and Hermann Wilke, both of Moskau in
the Empire of Russia.
0
This invention relates to an improved construction of treadle looms offering the
following advantages:
Fabrics can be woven thereby without any power other than human power being
required, the, weaver being enabled to work the loom with but small pressure
applied to the treadle. The speed of the working can be regulated in each machine
partly according to the material, partly according to the construction of the fabric.
The most delicate and finest materials can be woven with advantage.
The heald frames being made to operate without cords, chains or straps, can be
readily removed, or changed for passing new..warps. In cases where several healds
operate together, both for upward and downward motion, the friction of the warp
threads, can be reduced to a minimum by putting them in motion at different
moments.. Both the simplest as also the most complicated constructions of fabrics
as also all changes thereof, can be executed with ease by the shifting of cams.
Every description of fabric with different forms of selvage can be woven, and the
latter can be shifted in width without altering the harness.
The tension of the warp can be maintained perfectly, uniform, by means of a
falling weight with pullies having double action.. Uniform tension is maintained
during weaving and in all secondary operations and the uniform advance of the
fabric is effected by means of à lever and the lathe combined.
TE
Broken warp threads can be passed readily with a closed shed, and, every,
secondary operation of weaving can be effected without any visible marking of
the fabric:
Multiple changes of shuttles for fabrics, with multiple colored weft can be effected
with slight expenditure of force.
The finest weft materials can be woven with shuttle spools of the largest possible.
size, while at the same time the weft threads have the greatest possible tension.in
order to effect a perfect shoot.
For accomplishing the above objects, mechanisms are employed which are shewn
in their combined arrangement in Sheets I, II and III of the accompanying
Drawings and in detail on Sheets IV to XIII.
For working the loom entirely by the power of the weaver, it is provided with a
treadle 1, Sheet I, II, III and IV, by the to and fro motion of which two levers 2
have a rocking motion imparted to them. These levers are mounted on pivots 3 at
each side of the loom, and are connected together at bottom by means of the treadle,
and at top by means of a bar d. The latter serves to assist by hand when putting,
the loom in or out of motion. The movement of the levers 2 is imparted, by
connecting rods 5 to the dy wheels 8, the rods being pivotted to the levers at 6 and
connected to the crank pins 7 of the fly. wheels, which thus receive rotary motion,
that is transmitted to the various parts of the loom. The crank pin 7 carries, in.
addition to the rod 5, three rollers 9 (Sheet IV) of which the two outer ones have
each a single flange, with which they embrace. the semicircular loop 10, 11 in
which they are, situated, so as to accurately, and securely guide the loop in its
motion. The side 10 of the loop is divided into three parts,, of which the two
outer ones are slightly raised towards the inside, so that the two outer rollers with

page_text: raised flanges work accurately in contact therewith. The sido 11 of the loop has
only one third the width of the side 10 and is situated opposite the middle part of
the latter, so that the middle roller 9 works in contact.therewith, the width of the
loop and the diameter of the rollers being equal. The loop 10, 11 is formed on an
arm 12 pivotted at its lower end on a pin 13 fixed to the framing. The front
side 11 of the loop has two lugs by which it is pivotted by means of a bolt to the
rod 14, which is pivotted at its other end by a bolt to the lathe 16. The circular
form of the loop may be variously constructed according to the width of the goods
to be woven, and it is made of greater length in proportion as the width of the
fabric is required to be greater, in order that the dwell of the lathe may be in
proportion to the duration of the shuttle's traverse through the shed. The motion
of the lathe is made the same as that of the arm 12 by connecting the former with
the latter by a rod 14. 17 Sheet IV shews a guide arm with larger circular aro
corresponding to a longer dwell for the lathe.
The fly wheel shaft carries a toothed wheel which drives a toothed wheel of
double diameter below it (Sheet II) fixed on the picker shaft 18 Sheet V. On the
latter are the following new mechanisms which have for their object to cause the
speed of the shuttle always to be the same, whether the loom works quicker or
slower and to effect a gentle propulsion of the shuttle by spring power, which is of
advantage for fine and delicate weft materials. At each end of the picker shaft 18
is a cam 19, half the periphery of which is circular, and on which the antifriction
rollers 20 of the driver lever 21 (Sheets II, III and V) bear, When the roller is
situated on the circular part, the lever 21 has its highest position, but it falls at
once again when the roller passes on to the drop.
"By the downward motion of 21 the picker 'strap 22 at the head of the picker
lever 21 is slackened, thereby allowing the picker arm 23 to be drawn back by a
belical spring 24, the one end of which is connected to the projection 25 of the
lathe beam 26, while the other end is attached to one of the holes of the driver
sockot 27. The latter carries on a pin a quadrant 28, on which is fixed with
adjustable tension a strap 22 by means of a hook and thumb nut 29. After
tightening, the strap is further secured by a clamp 30 with two screws. The
picker arm 23 acts on a picker in the shuttle box, which drives the shuttle, the
latter thus receiving indirectly its motion from the helical spring, whereby the
shuttle always has the same speed through the shed, whether the loom is worked
fast or slow. This is of advantage, as it enables the lever to be worked at any
desired speed, corresponding to the material used and the fabric to be produced.
The picker shaft has also the following new mechanisms, having for their object
to effect the motion of the warp threads with the greatest ease, thus enabling the
finest and most delicate material to be worked with advantage. For this purpose,
the shaft 18 carries a drum (Sheets VI and VII 31) loose thereon, on the
periphery there are, for each harness motion, two cams 32, situated at a distance.
from each other equal to that of the adjusting rods 33 under the harness frames.
Two such parallel cams 32 raise or lower two levers 34 corresponding thereto, and
bearing with antifriction rollers 35 thereon which levers, in rising, actuate by
means of links 36 other levers 37,situated below them in an inverted position, and
having their centres perpendicularly below the apex of the shed. As all the
levers 34 on each side, and also all those 37. on each side are respectively pivotted
to one and the same bolt, the stroke of each set of levers is equal, as all the cams
are of equal height. The arms 38 on the levers 37 are, however, situated at
varying distances from the pivots, so that their stroke will be the greater, the
greater their distance is from such pivots, and consequently the frame carriers 39
will be correspondingly raised more or less, as they rest upon the adjusting rods 33
in the arms 38. Each of the adjusting rods 33 can be raised or lowered by means
of two nuts 40, in order to adjust the frames resting thereon accurately into a
horizontal position. Each two adjusting rods are fixed at top to the frame
carrier 39, and the latter has at the upper edge of each end, a projecting cylindrical
pin which works in the slots of the guides 41 (Sheets. I, II and III) so as to guide

page_text: them vertically in their motion. The frame carrier 39 has furthermore two pairs
of small cheeks 42, between which the barness" frame is securely held. By the
peculiar arrangement by which the harness frames are always raised simultaneously
by two sets of levers, no swaying or displacing thereof during the up and down
motion is possible; so that the warp shed can be reduced to the smallest amount of
motion, and as the pivot of the levers 37 is situated vertically under the apex of
the shed, the harness frames are raised in such a manner that all the warp threads
of the shed lie in one plane, and thus the advantage is gained that the most
delicate materials can be effectually woven by this loom. The heald frames are
also of peculiar construction. They consist of two horizontal bars 43 of a length
equal to the total width of the loom, and of two vertical connecting bars 43 which
latter project somewhat to the right and left so as to work up and down in the
grooves of the guides 41 (Sheets I, II and III). These connecting bars are provided
at top and bottom with long slots 44 and teeth 45, against which fit slides
consisting of two metal plates, having between them a pawl and also a pin 47.
The space above or below the pawl 46 serves to receive the heald beam 48, which;
as also the healds, may be of ordinary construction. After placing the heald beams
and heald in position, the latter can be stretched to any desired extent and be held
in that condition by the pawl 46 gearing with the ratchet teeth 45. In order to
reduce the downward pressure of the levers 34 and 37 with the arms and heald
frames, balance weights 49 pivotted to a bolt on the framing, have arms which
bear against the underside of the levers 37, so as to counteract the downward
pressure thereof and render the motion of the heald frames a very easy one, in
addition to which the advantage is gained of being able to actuate each frame
independently of the others, and to remove the frames for the purpose of attaching
new warps or for changing the frames for others, without having to disconnect any
cords, chains or straps, while the healds can be kept very slack, whether the frames
work in the upper or lower shed. If, for tafetas or similar fabrics several frames
have to be raised at once for one shed, the above described system with double
cams has the advantage that the cams, being all separately adjustable and having
independent strokes, can be so arranged as to operate one after the other as shewn
at 50 Fig. 7, whereby the heald frames are raised one after the other, so as to
effect the motion of the warp threads gradually, instead of all being moved
simultaneously, and thus they are subjected to the least amount of friction.
.
In order to carry out the simplest and the most complicated constructions of
fabrics as also all changes thereof rapidly by shifting the cams, the beforementioned
drum 31, Sheet VII, is provided, extending the entire width of the loom and being
made rotatable on the driver shaft 18. The driver has also two sets of cams one
to the right and one to the left in a corresponding manner to two sets of levers.
The rotation of the drum is not effected continuously but through small arcs
according to the number of shoots to one revolution, the rotation being effected by
the driving wheel 51 on the fly wheel shaft, and the star wheel 52 on the selvage
shaft 53, the star wheel 52 being turned through a quarter revolution at each
revolution of the fly wheel shaft. On the selvage shaft 53 are, on each side, the
selvage cams 54 under which are levers with antifriction rollers that are alternately
pressed down by the latter, and that effect the independent binding of the selvage
and also effect such binding differently from that of the fabric. In addition to
these parts the selvage shaft 53 also has a toothed wheel 55, perpendicularly below
which is a wheel 56 of equal diameter and having the same number of teeth fixed
to the cam drum 31, and the motion of the former is imparted to the latter by the
two coupled change wheels 57 and 58. These change wheels determine the speed
of the cam drum 31, that is to say, whether it shall have completed a revolution
after two, three, four, five, six, seven or eight throws of the shuttle, and according
to the proportion of this number of throws to a revolution of the drum, the two
part cams 59, the three part cams 60, the four part cams 61, or the five, six, seven
or eight part, cams, 62, 63, 64, 32 are fixed on the drum 31, for which purpose, a
corresponding number of screwed holes are formed therein. If the proportion of

page_text: shuttle throws exceeds the number eight, and extends to from 10 to 24, the drum
31 has long strips of metal 65 equal in length to the drum, and instead of screwing
the cams on the drum as above described, they are, in this case, screwed to the
strips in two sets. The latter are now connected at their ends by links 66 to form
an endless band of any desired length, and the cams fixed thereon act on the levers
34 with their friction rollers as in the previous case. In order to produce, with
every description of goods, a perfectly independent selvage, and with different
binding from that of the other parts, the selvage shaft 53 is provided with the
selvage cams.54 Sheets VII and VIII, which afford to the selvage threads at all
times an independent binding and have no connection with the binding of the other
part of the fabric, whether this be two, three, four, five, six, seven or eight fold or
more; there is however this peculiar feature, that the movements for the binding
of the fabric are always derived from the mechanisms for the selvage motion. In
order now to enable the width of the fabric to be varied at pleasure and not to
be bound to a definite width (as the selvages with different binding would prevent
any alteration) the guides 41 have on each side two rollers 67 and 68 shewn
detached on Sheet 8. Over the former is passed a long strap, which, in addition,
is passed round a wire pin inside the roller, as shewn at the section 60. The ends
of the strap are connected, by screws and nuts to the levers 70 and 71. At the
same time, the upper roller 67 and its wire carry a narrow strap 72 for the
reception of the selvage healds. These are connected by means of a peculiar metal
eyelet, both to the upper strap 72 and to a lower one 74 that carries a roller weight
75, by means of which the healds are kept stretched, while at the same time, a free
motion is afforded to the selvage cams 54.
If now, the width of the fabric be altered, that is made either wider or
narrower, the selvage bealds 73 have to be shifted with their upper straps 72
upon the roller 67. The lower roller 08 serves for adjusting the back part of
the strap, so that it shall pass vertically to the lever, like the front one.
In order to effect the object of weaving with uniformly stretched warp, the
warp beam is not provided with a brake as usual, but with a peculiarly arranged
roller weight which remains uniform in its action under all circumstances. The
warp beam 76 Sheet IX has at both ends two cord pullies 77 and 78 fixed to
its axis, which have side flanges in order to provent the cords from slipping off.
Between the flanges are two rows of studs formed as oblong rounded beads. A
two fold cord is passed with its loop over a stud 79, and the two ends are then
coiled either one and a half or two and a half times round the pulley, so that the
cords lie parallel to each other with, a space between them in which is a row of
6, 8, 10 or other number of studs. The two ends of tho cord are knotted to a
small plate 80 having at its middle a ring for holding and raising it. Below the
ring the plate has a strap 81 connected at its other end to another plate 82 and
carrying in its loop a pulley 83 situated in the fork of the weight.84. The second
plate 82 is also connected to the two ends of a cord which, as in the foriner
case, are passed one and a half times round the pulley, the loop thereof being
connected to a stud on the second row, so that the second row of studs runs between
the two ends of the last named cord. At 77 and 78 is shown how the weight
is connected to the cords and these to the pullies. In the same proportion as the
warp threads are gradually drawn off the beam in weaving, the cords of the
weights aro coiled up on the pullies. In order however to prevent the complete
winding on of the cords, the loops thereof are removed from the studs 79 and 85
by means of a strap attached thereto, and a weight. On the pulley 86, this
combination is separately slewn; a strap 87 is attached to the loops hanging on
the studs 79 and 85, which strap carries at its middle a small relieving weight 88
with pulley 89. 77 and 78 shew the coiling of the cords with the loading weights,
while 86 shews the cords with the relieving weights, and at 00 is shewn the
combination of both weights 84 and 88, from which it will be seen that the relieving
weight will always draw the loop of the cord alternately from the studs 79 and 85,
as soon as the latter pass below the horizontal position, and consequently the cords

page_text: .
will then be drawn back by the loading weights, and as these are connected by
straps.81, the loading of the beam. by the weights will at all times be constant.
In order to maintain the warp at a uniform tension during the weaving, and all
manipulations that occur, the uniform forward motion of the goods must be
effected by means of a special lever with peculiar pawl frame 92; and by means of
the lathe. For this purpose, the axis of the ratchet wheel 91 Sheet IX, carries a
pinion gearing with a toothed wheel on the cloth beam. The ratchet wheel 91 is
moved forward by the pawl frame 92 and maintained in tension. The latter
consists of two side cheeks 93 and 94 connected by bars, and carrying loose on
pins between them six pawls 95 of different length, that are pressed by springs 96
on the teeth of the ratchet wheel 91. On the axis of the latter is also pivotted
the lever 97 with the loading weight 98 which is adjustable so as to load the lever
more or less, whereby the ratchet wheel, and consequently (by means of the cloth
beam) the fabric is always loaded and kept stretched. This lever 97 is alternately
raised by two pins 99, which are carried by the double ended lever 100 on the
picker shaft 18, and are made adjustable for a longer or shorter stroke. The
second pawl frame situated above and similar to the lower one, has for its object
to hold the ratchet wheel at the moment when the lever is raised by the pins.
As now the weight 98 only keeps the fabric stretched through the lever 97, a
forward motion of the fabric by the stroke of the lathe can only take place when a
weft thread has been carried in by the shuttle, but whenever this misses, the fabric
remains stationary, even if the lathe should strike several times without the weft
thread being carried in, thus this arrangement is similar in its action to the
differential regulator.
For delicate and fine fabrics it is of the greatest importance to draw in broken
warp threads with a closed shed, and to avoid entirely blemishes in the fabric that
would arise from any stopping of the loom or missing of the weft thread or closing
of the shed, for which purpose the following mechanisms are employed. In order
to place all the heald frames at the same level, no matter which are raised and
lowered, the levers 37 Sheets VI and X, are raised by the crank bars 101 from the
lower shed into the upper shed, whereby all heald, frames are brought into the same
position, and also all warp threads are brought to the same level and the passing of
the shuttle through the shed is consequently greatly facilitated. The crank bars 101
are situated on both sides of the shaft 102, which has at one end a small toothed
wheel 103, gearing with a toothed quadrant 104 of twice the diameter. This
quadrant is fixed on a short shaft that can be turned out of the dotted position by
means of a hand lever 103 with counterweight 106, whereby the gearing 103
and 104 will be made to turn the crank bars from the horizontal into the vertical
position, or the converse. As now every altered position of the parts of the
machine will have an effect upon the equality of the fabric, the lever 105 is
provided with a cam 107 which, on 105 being depressed is caused to raise the
lever 97 by means of the pin 108, thereby preventing any spontaneous sinking of
the lever 97 and consequently also, any advance of the goods. But not only is the
lever 97 prevented from sinking, but the disengaging bar 109 is simultaneously
raised by the small toothed wheel 103 and consequently the upper pawl frame is
also raised by means of a pin 110 which slides in a long slot in the disengaging
bar 109, whereby the pawl frame is thrown out of gear and consequently the whole
tension of the fabric is put upon the lower pawl frame 92; thus, in engaging the
same, no difference in the closeness of the fabrics can occur. Furthermore, the
lever 97 moves by means of the pin 111 a double ended lever 112 pivotted on a
stud 113 out of the dotted position, which lever has for its object to prevent any
unintentional working backwards of the loom during the weaving, this being
effected by introducing a caoutchouc roller 114 between the teeth of the two
toothed wheels as indicated by the dotted position. The extension of the upper
arm 112 is loaded with a round weight 115, so that when in the dotted inclined.
position it may press the caoutchouc roller 114 with greater force between the
teeth.

page_text: f
If now, the heald frames are all raised to the same height by the depression of
the lever 105, in order conveniently to pass broken warp threads, and possibly to
be able to turn the mechanism one or more revolutions backwards, the simultaneous
raising of the lever 97 will, by bringing the pin 111 in contact, with the lower
part of lever 112, cause the caoutchouc roller 114 to be moved sideways away
from the teeth of the wheel, and this will continue until the hand lever 105 is
moved back into the dotted position, whereupon all the described mechanisms will
again come into operation.
In order to weave fabrics with multiple coloured wefts with the least expenditure
of power, the mechanisms shewn on Sheet XI are employed.
The lathe rocks at the two bearings 118 on bearings 115 on trunnions fixed to
the framing and having recesses serving as bearings for the shaft 116, whereby the
lathe rests with its weight upon the trunnions while the shaft 110 rests without
load in the trunnions, thus enabling it to turn freely. On this shaft are fixed close
together the ratchet wheel 117 and the brake 118, of which the former is moved
one tooth forward at each movement by means of the lever 119 Sheet XII and the
double ended lever 120. This lever 120 receives its motion through a cam 121
fixed on the fly wheel shaft. After the forward motion the press 122 presses by
means of a helical spring upon the brake wheel 118 whereby this is prevented from
turning.
By the forward motion of the ratchet wheel 117, the shaft 116 and simultaneously
the two drums 123 on each side thereof are also turned. On each drum is an
endless strap 124 of any desired length which is passed over an adjustable roller
125 and is kept close against the drum by a second roller 126. The strap has four
rows of holes corresponding with the rods 127 situated vertically above it, and
which are held in couples in the small oblong frames 128 and 129, by means of
screw-nuts, and as each row is of a different length, the longer rod will, in falling
and passing through a hole in the belt, enter to a greater extent than the shorter
rod which has the effect that the shuttle boxes, connected thereto by connecting
rods, will be raised and lowered to different heights, so as to bring them in line
with the shuttle race of the lathe. The oblong rectangular frames 128 and 129
have between the two rods a fixed piece 130 of which each has a hole at top
corresponding to a hole in the transverse rod 131 situated in front of it. If now,
by inserting a pin in this hole, for example, of the frame 128; this is connected
with the piece 130, the two rods situated in the frame will act upon the strap 124,
and the other two rods remain out of action, but these also come into action when
the pin is drawn out of frame 128 and inserted into frame 129, whereby the
advantage is gained that with one and the same strap, two weft patterns can be
woven. As now for the lowermost shuttle box the longer rod has to act upon the
strap, while for the middle shuttle box the shorter rod acts thereon, while the
uppermost shuttle box will automatically put itself in action when the other two
are passive; the lever 132 will have to raise the piece 131 with its two arms at
every pick, this being effected by the extended arm with antifriction roller 133
which is depressed by the projection 134 on the wheel 135 so as to raise the
opposite are whereby the rods 127 are caused to rise and in consequence thereof
the drum 123 are free to revolve, resulting in an easy changing of the shuttles.
and a reliable working of the same
In order to weave the finest weft materials from shuttle spools of the largest
size and with the greatest drawback, the shuttle is made of metal and each check
thereof is formed with two shallow ribs of the section shown at 129 Sheet XIII.
124 is the bottom, having between the ribs two holes for conveniently removing
the empty spools, and also, outside the ribs in the middle, a small hole 125 for the
exit of the weft thread. 126 is the front side view, where it has, on each side two
small boles 130 for screwing on the spool-carrier, and two long slots 131 for
adjustment of the thread stretchers. 127 and 128 are the end views of the shuttle
in which the ribs on the three outer sides are shewn. In the plan 130 is shewn the
position of the spool 132 filled with weft thread, and also the manner in which the
"

page_text: thread is led from the same to the ring 133, thence to a second ring 134 and thence
to the middle of the shuttle between two pins 135 to the outlet hole 125. In order
that the spool may turn freely, it rests upon two small trunnions on the ends of a
metal tube 136. The latter has on its périphery three recesses parallel to the axis
as shewn at 137, for the reception of small wire loops 138 which hold the metal
spool 139 placed thereon. This has at the left side a cone 140 with grooves in order
to prevent the weft thread from slipping off it, and on the right side, it has a
ring 141 for the projection of the spool point. As the thread is wound on parallel
to the cone, it must wind off in similar layers, whereby the small conical roller 142
is made to slide from first to last on the cone of the thread. This roller turns in
two bearings that are fixed at right angles upon a guiding slide 143 that carries
under the roller 142 a locking hook 144 having beneath a pin 145, standing at
right angles which is pressed by a spring 147 into the teeth 146 of the rack. By
the motion of the shuttle to the left, the guiding slide 143 will always endeavour
to displace itself also to the left, which motion the roller 142 however only permits
up to the point of the weft cone. On the stroke of the shuttle in the contrary
direction to the right, the guiding slide is prevented from moving back again
by the locking hook 144, in consequence of which the guiding slide will always
have its motion to the left and corresponding to the decrease of the weft
thread whereby the object is attained of causing the delivery of the thread from
the cone to be effected with gentleness to the opposite ring 133 on the slide 143
from there to the elastic loop 134 and lastly to the middle of the shuttle and
through the exit hole 125; the loop 134 yielding by means of the tension spring
at each delivery. As for fine materials it is requisite that the weft thread should
be as much stretched as possible when it is beaten up by the lathe, it is in addition
stretched by the stretchers 149 before passing out of the shuttle. The thread
stretchers 149 consist of a wire loop with a small stop 150 against which the helical_
spring 151 bears. These thread stretchers are situated at right angles on the
toothed rack 146. There is furthermore in these; between each pair of thread
stretchers 149, a tension feeler 154, constructed similar to the stretcher and a small
round pin 155 on the stop 150. These pins 155 situated in the slots 131 can be
pressed together towards the middle by means of two fingers outside the shuttle,
whereby the four thread stretchers are drawn together and consequently the loops
of the stretchers are brought vertically beneath each other in order to be able to
pass the weft thread, by means of a passing hook, through the four loops of the
thread stretcher, and at the same time, through the exit hole 125, as the thread 156
shews. If the thread allows of a stronger pull, it can be passed from the ring 133
into another ring 157, situated at the left upper edge of the toothed rack 146,
before entering the elastic loop 134. After passing the weft thread through the
thread stretcher, the tension feelers 154 recede again, whereupon, after entirely
slacking the weft thread, the thread stretchers 149 are also moved back into their
original position by the springs, thereby drawing the thread into the zig-zag
position 158. As the spool 132 turns easily on its small pivots, it results that it
would not come at once to rest after drawing a portion of weft rapidly off the
same, and consequently rather more weft would be uncoiled than is required. In
order to prevent this, there is provided on the back of the shuttle as shewn in plan
at 130 an oblong opening, into which a projection 159 on an elastic lever takes,
which lever is rivetted on the left side of the rear surface of the shuttle and is bent
round at right angles at the right hand end, where it is provided with a brake
block that acts as a brake against the spool casing 136, as soon as a pressure is
applied to the projection 159. Now, as there is in the back wall of each shuttle
box of the lathe, a flap projecting inwards for actuating the shuttle guard, this flap
will, on the entrance of the shuttle, exert a pressure on the projection 159, thus
causing the brake block 162 to be applied to the spool casing 136, so as to stop its
rotation. After this has taken place, the shuttle moves a little further in the
shuttle box, whereby the thread stretchers, being strained, cause the thread also to
be drawn taut, so that this will be beaten up to the fabric by the lathe at such

page_text: ET
tension. As soon as the shuttle is driven out of the box again and the projection 159,
lins consequently passed away from the flap of the box, the brake block 162 is mado
to recede from the spool casing 136 by its own spring action, and the spool is now
free to deliver the weft thread again until the brake is again applied on the shuttle
entering the opposite box.
T
Having thus described the nature of this invention and in what manner tho
Bane is to be performed as communicated to me by my foreign correspondents, I
claim
First. The arrangement and mode of operation of the treadle 1 with lover 2
connected by rod 5 with fly wheel 8. having a pin 7 with three rollers working in
the loops 10 and 11 of the rocking arm 12, whereby this receives a longer
dwell, and as the arm 12 is connected by rod 14 with the lathe 16, the same
motion is imparted to the latter, substantially as herein described with reference to
Sheet IV of the Drawings.
Second. The arrangement and mode of operation of the picker cam 19 with
raised circular part for effecting a lengthy dwell of the raised picker lever 21
connected by strap 22 with the segment 28 on the picker socket 27, and adjusted
to accurate position by the thumb nut 29, the said picker sockets being pivotted to
the outer ends of the lathe beam 26 and connected by tension springs 2+ with the
solid supports 25 on the lathe beam 26, substantially as herein described with
reference to Sheet-V of the Drawings.
Third. The construction of the heald frames 43 with adjustable slide 46, working
with pins 47 in slots 44 and locked by means of teeth 45, the said slides carrying
the beams 48 and serving to stretch the heald twines carried by the latter, substan-
tially as herein described with reference to Sheet VI of the drawings.
Fourth. The arrangement and mode of operating of the frame carriers 39 with
two adjusting rods 33 in arms 38, having adjusting nuts 40 whereby the frame
carrier is adjusted to the requisite height on the frame levers 37, receiving motion
by the rods 36 from the levers 34 and rollers 35 which are raised for forming the
shed by cains 32 fixed on the rotating cam drum 31, in the order corresponding to
the binding of the fabric, substantially as herein described with reference to Fig VI
of the Drawings.
Also, The combination of the levers with counterwoights 49 with the levers 37
for decreasing the downward pressure of the mechanism and procuring an easy
motion of the loom, substantially as herein described with reference to Sheet VI of
the Drawings..
Also, The mode of operating of the above described mechanism of two sections
of levers acting simultaneously for preventing all inaccuracy or unsteadiness in the
motion of the heald frames, the axes of the said lovers 87 being situated vertically
beneath the apex of the shed, so as to obtain an accurate motion, substantially as
berein described with reference to Sheet VI of the Drawings.
Fifth. The mode of operating of the mechanism of the threo shafts, situated
vertically below each other, wherein the fly wheel shaft with driving wheel 51 acts
on the selvage shaft 53 through the star wheel 52, while shaft 53 transmits its
motion by gearing 55, 56 and change wheels 57, 58 (which can be changed at will,
and the number of whose teeth corresponds to the binding of the fabric) to the cam
drum 31. revolving loose upon and independently of the picker shaft 18, and
receiving a step-by-step motion in accordance with the binding of the fabric while
the shaft 53 only serves for forming the selvage, substantially as herein described.
with reference to Sheet VII of the Drawings.
Sixth. The combination of an endless chain composed of oval sheet metal
bands 65 of which the length is equal to the internal width of the loom, and which
are connected together by links 66 thus forming a chain of variable length on the
bands of which are screwed two sets of cams corresponding in their order with the
binding of the fabric as above described with reference to the drum, the two sets of
cams have for their object to prevent all unsteadiness or oscillation of the heald

page_text: frames, which might occur if there were only one set, substantially as herein
described with reference to Sheet VIII of the Drawings.
1.
'7
Seventh. The mode of operating the selvage twines by means of the selvage
shaft, 53, pulley 51, star wheel 52 cam' 54, levers 70, 71 with strap transmitting
the motion to the rollers 67, 68, to which is attached the strap 72 with the selvage
twines 73 the strap being readily adjustable according to the width 'of the fabric.'
while the lower strap 74 keeps the twines stretched by means of a weight 75,
while allowing these to be shifted according to the width of the fabric, the selvage.
twines being thus made to work independently of the fabric, the binding' of which
can therefore be altered independently of the former, substantially as herein
described with reference to Sheet VIII of the Drawings.
J
:
Eighth. The mode of operating of the falling weight with pulley 83 for
maintaining the tension of the warp always uniform; the weight 84 is supported
by a cord 81 connected by means of bars 80, 82 to two looped cords, the loops of
which are passed over studs 79, 85 of pullies and are alternately detached' there-
from by means of a counterweight 88 connected to such loops "by a cord 87 and
pulley 89. By this means the tension is maintained, even when one of the looped
cords is detached and made to slide back substantially as herein described with
reference to Sheet IX of the Drawings.
Ninth. The mechanism wherein the fabric is advanced during the weaving by
means of a lever 97 loaded with a weight 98-and provided with a pawl frame 92;
the latter in striking the fabric causes it to advance more or less according to the
tension to which it is subjected; the pawls 96 of 'the frame 92 gear with the teeth
of the ratchet wheel 91, the action being repeated by the pins 99 of the double
lever 100, which at each rotation of the pusher shaft 18 raise the lever 97, while
the second. pawl frame situated above the first, maintains the cloth beam in position
until the lever 97 descends again, substantially as herein described with reference
to Sheet IX of the drawings.
Tenth. The mechanism for bringing all the warp threads to the same level
consisting of two arm 101 below the two series of levers 37 and attached to the
shaft 102 and actuated by means of the toothed segments 103, 104 and lever 105;
by lowering the lever 105 provided with a counterweight 106 and cam 107, the
weighted lever 97 of the regulator is raised and the fabric is thereby relieved of
its tension; at the same time, during the motion of the lever 105 and segment 103
the rod 109 and with it the pawl frame is raised on its pivot 110, whereupon the
loon can be worked without the fabrics moving; at the same time, the stud 111
of the lever 97 lifts the lower extremity of the lever 112 and removes the
caoutchouc roller 114 from the teeth of the two large toothed wheels, allowing the
loom to be moved backwards for taking up a broken weft thread. The lever 105
being raised, the weight 115, presses the caoutchouc roller against the teeth and
prevents any backward motion, substantially as herein described with reference to
Sheet X of the drawings.
Eleventh. The arrangement and mode of operating of the change lathe for
multiple colored wefts which has shuttle boxes at both ends and is supported by
two bearings 115 on truunions on the loom framing, the said bearings having a
shaft 116 passing through then, so that the shaft can readily revolve without
being loaded by the lathe, such rotation being effected by means of the ratchet
wheel 117 actuated by the pawl 119, lever 120 and cam 121 on the dy wheel
aliaft, while the arrest of its rotation is insured by the brake wheel 118 and
brake 122. The shaft carries a drum 123 at each end, over which pass the pattern
belts 124 having four rows of holes corresponding to the pattern and guided by
rollers 125 and 126. Above these are the vertical rods 127, each pair being carried
in small frames 128 and 129 which are connected alternately to bars 130 by means
of pins on the cross bar 131, whereby the belt is made to serve for two patterns.
The raising and lowering of the shuttle boxes is effected by means of a wheel 135,
with projection 134 which depresses the roller 133 and lever 132 connected to
1

page_text: the boxes, substantially as berein described with reference to Sheets XI and XII
of the Drawings.
Twelfth. The construction of shuttle shewn in plan 130 with spool filled with
weft thread which passes through the ring 133 to a second ring 184 rendered
elastic by means of spring 148, and from thence to the middle of the shuttle,
where it passes between pins 135 and through the exit hole 125; the spool 139
with rim 141 and cone 140 is situated upon a tube 136 with very small axis and
having three grooves in which are tension springs 138. A small friction
roller 142, the axis of which is connected to the slide 143, slides against the conical
surface formed by the thread on the spool. The slide 143 is advanced by means
of the shocks imparted to it by the motion of the shuttle, as the thread is drawn
off; a pawl 144 on a pin 145 is pressed by a spring 146 into the teeth of a
rack 147. The tension of the weft is produced by a thread stretcher 149, with small
bar 150 and spiral spring 151 of which there are two on each side, situated ono
above the other, and which can be moved backwards by means of the tension
feelers 15+ having studs 155 projecting through slots 131 to the outside, in order
to enable the thread to be passed simultaneously through the eyes of all the thread
stretchers and the exit hole. For preventing excessive unwinding of the weft
thread, a brake 162 attached to the elastic lever 160 with projection 159, is caused
to press against the spool tube 136, the brake being brought into action as the
shuttle enters the shuttle box, whereupon the projection 159 is made to bear
against the ap of the shuttlo guard, and to apply the brake so as to stop the
rotation of the spool, substantially as herein described with reference to Sheet XIII
of the Drawings.
In Witness whereof I the said Charles Denton Abel have hereunto set my
hand and seal this eighth day of March in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty-four.

page_text: نیستم
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