Year: 1885

page_text: We WALTER FAWKE of 140 Mill Street Kidderminster, Manager of Carpet
Works and FRANCIS BEST FAWCETT of 44 Comberton Road Kidderminster
Commission Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
Our invention has for its object to lessen the cost of Jacquard Brussels terry and
velvet carpets in the lower grades, by using cheaper material than the ordinary
dyed worsted or woollen; such as cotton dyed or undyed, for part or the whole of
the figure warps; in combination with a reduced pitch or count of the cloth in the
reed, or a lessened number of wires or stitches to the inch in the process of
weaving, or both together, reckoned from the standards of full pitch, and nine or
ten wires to the inch.
Or by using a combination of undyed materials (which are cheapened by saving
the cost of dyeing) where the natural colours are available, for part or the whole
of the figure warps; such as cotton, jute, camel hair, laid or brown wool, black
Oporto wool yarns and the like; also combined with the reduced pitch, or lessened
number of wires or both as above.
We also in some cases further combine the use of the ordinary dyed worsted or
woollen for portions of the figure warps, whilst using cheaper or cheapened
material or both for the other portions; likewise combined with the reduced pitch,
or lessened number of wires, or both as aforesaid.

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Carpets.
We WALTER FAWKE of 140 Mill Street Kidderminster Manager of Carpet
Works, and FRANCIS BEST FAWCETT of 44 Comberton Road Kidderminster Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of our invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF CARPETS and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Our invention has for it's object to lessen the cost of Jacquard Brussels terry and
velvet carpets in the lower grades, by using cheaper material than the ordinary
dyed worsted or woollen, such. as cotton dyed or undyed for part or the whole of
the figure warps, in combination with a reduced pitch or count of the cloth in the
reed, or a lessened number of wires or stitches to the inch in the process of
weaving, or both together, reckoned from the standards of full pitch, and nine or
ten wires to the inch.
Or by using a combination of undyed materials (which are cheapened by saving
the cost of dyeing) where the natural colors are available, for part or the whole of
the figure warps; such as cotton, jute, camel-hair, laid or brown wool, black Oporto
wool yarns and the like; also combined with the reduced pitch, or lessened
number of wires, or both as above.
We also in some cases further combine the use of the ordinary dyed worsted or
woollen for portions of the figure warps, whilst using cheaper or cheapened
material, or both, for the other portions; likewise combined with the reduced
pitch or lessened number of wires, or both, as aforesaid.
In carrying out our invention we find cotton the most suitable material to
employ in the manner referred to in the first section of the foregoing description,
as it approaches nearer than any other we know of to the appearance of the
ordinary worsted or woollen. It may of course be dyed to the colours necessary
for producing the desired patterns, and when wanted in its undyed state for white,
it may be used either bleached or unbleached according to the degree of whiteness
required. Where cotton is used for part only of the figure warps, the combinations
of the second or third sections may be introduced for the other part.
We find also that China grass is one of the like materials to the others named
in the second section of the foregoing description, for using in the undyed state;
and if wanted for white it may be bleached too for that purpose.
The natural colours or appearances of materials speak for themselves as to the
shades for which they may be used, as for instance: taking cotton for white or the
lightest shade, jute will give a drab suitable for a second shade, and camel hair or
brown wool may give a third shade. If a fourth darker shade is required, and
there is no natural colour available, a dyed shade may be employed. Or if a
different tone is required, it may be obtained by introducing one or more dyed
shades under the first or third sections, and so on, as any colourist of carpets
would know how to arrange.
It will thus be seen that the third section of the foregoing description may be
employed in a variety of ways, and will increase the scope of the colourings that
may be produced.

page_text: The counts in the spinning of the various materials may be regulated by the
counts of the ordinary worsted or woollen, although in some cases they may
require varying according to the nature of the material, and the quality of the
carpet desired to be produced, all of which would be well understood by any
practical carpet manufacturer.
The reduced pitch or count of the cloth we prefer to use, is about 9 dents to the
inch in the reed, or 240 to the 27 inches width (The full pitch for which the
Jacquards are constructed being 264 to the 27 inches width). And the lessened
number of wires to be 7 or 8 wires to the inch for terry carpets, and 9 or 9 wires
to the inch for velvet carpets in the process of weaving.
We do not confine ourselves to these precise details as they may be varied
according to the quality required to be produced.
The designs and warps would require adapting to the reduced pitch employed,
as any one conversant with the trade would well understand.
In other respects the arrangements of manufacturing would be as usual.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :
1 We claim using cotton dyed or undyed, as a cheaper material than the
ordinary dyed worsted or woollen, for part, or the whole of the figure warps, in
the manufacture of Jacquard Brussels terry and velvet carpets, in combination
with a reduced pitch, or lessened number of wires, or both as described.
2 We claim using a combination of undyed materials, where the natural colours
or appearances are available, for part, or the whole of the figure warps in the said
manufacture; also combined with a reduced pitch, or lessened number of wires, or
both, as described.
3 We claim using in the said manufacture the further combination of the
ordinary dyed worsted or woollen for portions of the figure warps, with cheapened
or undyed materials for the other portions: also combined with a reduced pitch or
lessened number of wires, or both, as described.
Dated this 12th day of August 1886