Iε- PROVED MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING SEMOLINA AND FLOUR
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Gustav Adolph Buchholz, of Regent's Park, in
the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of “Iε-
PROVED MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING SEMOLINA AND FLOUR."
Sealed the 17th May 1870, and dated the 25th January 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Gustav Adolph
Buchholz, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 25th January 1870.
I, GUSTAV ADOLPH BUCHHOLZ, of Regent's Park, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING SEMOLINA AND FLOUR," to
be as follows:-
The chief object of this Invention is to simplify the construction of
machines for manufacturing semolina and flour on the principle of my
former Patents, dated respectively November 19th, 1862, No. 3113;
January 5th, 1865, No. 38; March 28th, 1867, No. 917; and September
4th, 1867, No. 2508. This end I attain by a novel arrangement of the
pairs of acting rollers which are driven from central spur gearing, and
are mounted in independent adjustable frames. The pairs of ripping
and cutting rollers, say, for example, six in number, are set-around a

page_text: common centre, and at such a distance therefrom as to allow of the inner
or near roller of each pair being driven directly from a central gear
wheel. Three of these rollers are driven by a gear wheel on one side of
the machine and the remainder by a gear wheel on the other side
thereof, so as to ensure their rotation in the proper direction or towards
their fellow rollers. By suitable gearing the outer rollers are driven at
a slower speed from the inner rollers, and motion is taken from the
outer rollers for working the cranks that operate the screws. The
several pairs of rollers are mounted in bearings carried by independent
frames which rest in the main framing and are capable of being adjusted
to and from the central gearing. The grain is fed to a pair of ripping
rollers, after passing from which it falls on to a sieve formed of metal
or silk. The finer particles, if any, are here sifted out, and the larger
parts are conducted to the first pair of semolina rolls. After passing
through these the divided grain falls on to a second sieve, which conducts
the same to a second pair, and so on throughout the series, little or no
flour being formed by the cutting rollers. When the result desired
is flour and not semolina, instead of using semolina rollers as described
in my former Patents above mentioned, I form flour rollers in the
following manner:-I take steel cylindrical rollers of suitable size,
and form thereon square ribs arranged either parallel to their axis
or helically. These ribs will be about 12 to the inch, their breadth
being equal to the spaces between them. The depth of the ribs will be,
say, from 1-30th to 1-40th of an inch. By the use of rollers of this
construction the manufacture of flour is greatly facilitated..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Gustav Adolph Buchholz in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 25th July 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GUSTAV
ADOLPH BUCHHOLZ, of Regent's Park, in the County of Middlesex, 3
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, 3

page_text: give and grant unto me, the said Gustav Adolph Buchholz, Her special
licence that I, the said Gustav Adolph Buchholz, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Gustav
Adolph Buchholz, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
au Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING SEMOLINA
AND FLOUR," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Gustav Adolph Buchholz, my executors or administrators, by an in-
strument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
scals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Soal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Gustav Adolph Buchholz, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawings.
hereunto annexed and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is
to say):
The chief object of this Invention is to simplify the construction of
machines for manufacturing semolina and flour on the principle of my
former Patents of November Nineteenth, One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-two, No. 3113; January Fifth, One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-five, No. 38; March Twenty-eighth, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-seven, No. 917; September Fourth, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-seven, No. 2508. This end I obtain by a novel
arrangement of the pairs of acting rolls which cut up and reduce the
grain supplied to them. This arrangement admits of the rolls being
driven from central spur gearing, and thus renders the construction of
the machine very compact and less costly than heretofore. The pairs
of ripping and cutting rolls, say, for example, six in number, are set
around a common centre and at such a distance therefrom as to allow
of the inner or near roll of each pair being driven directly from a central
gear wheel

page_text: Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a semolina machine; Fig. 2 is a longitudinal
section taken through the centre of the machine; Fig. 3 is an end
elevation, and Fig. 4 is a vertical section taken in the line 1, 2, of
Fig. 1.
.
A, A, is the framing of the machine made of cast iron constituting
a casing with open ends and top. The side plates are cast with
openings to receive the bearings of the ripping and cutting rolls and the
shaft of the central gearing; B, B¹, B², B³, Bª, B³, are six pairs of rolls
for operating in succession upon the wheat, and they are arranged at
different elevations around a central point to allow of the insertion and
free action of inclined sieves between them. The rolls B, B¹, &c. receivo
motion from a central divided shaft O, C*, which by being divided into
two parts leaves a clear space for the internal fittings, and permits of the
two parts being driven in opposite directions for the purpose of giving
the proper action to the rolls; the shafts C, C*, are fitted with belt
pulleys and carry also a pair of spur wheels 0¹, C³, one on either side
of the framing, Each of these spur wheels serves to drive three pairs
of rollers through spur pinions 6 keyed on the shafts of the inner of the
several pairs of rollers. Below each pair of rolls is a sieve marked
respectively D, D', D³, &c. These sieves are set on a slight incline, and
form together a zig-zag way for the traverse of the cut grain to and from
the several pairs of rolls. The sieves are severally carried by pendent
swinging rods at their opposite ends, and they are intended to receivo
the ripped or cut grain from the rolls above, and to sift out the finer
particles from the coarser and deliver the coarser into the bite of the
rolls next below the sieve. The sieves are each connected by a crank
rod d³ to a crank shaft d², which shafts turn in bearings at the ends of
the framing A. The sieve D that receives the grain from the ripping
rolls B is formed partly of pierced and partly of unpierced sheet metal
carried by longitudinal bars which are suspended from the swinging
rods d. This sieve overlies a kind of hopper E which is formed with
inclined sides and ends, and is fixed to the framing. Into this hopper
the fine particles (the semolina) formed by the ripping of the grain by
the rolls B are delivered from the sieves D, which hopper guides the
semolina on to a shute or inclined gutter d³ of the sieve D¹. This
gutter d³ partly overlies the pierced metal of the sieve, and it extends

page_text: out beyond the end of the machine, so that the particles of grain which
fall upon it are discharged directly out of the machine into a proper
receptacle. The coarser particles however being kept back by the
sieve D are delivered to the first pair of cutting or semolina rolls B', by
which the ripped grain is in part reduced to the size of semolina and
discharged on to the second sieve D' to be again sifted and assorted,
the coarser particles to undergo a further cutting action, and the finer
to be discharged out of the machine, but in the opposite direction to
that at which the semolina or finer particles formed by the ripping rolls
left the machine. The bottom of the sieve D¹, and also of all the other
sieves, is composed of pierced and unpierced metal, the latter being
situate at the middle of the sieve, or so arranged that the reciprocating
motion of the sieves caused by the rotation of their crank shaft
shall not carry the pierced portion past the ends of the hoppers
immediately underlying them; or wire gauze or other suitable screening
material may be substituted for the pierced metal. The ripped or cut
grain falling from the rolls B' after having the finer particles sifted out
and delivered into the hopper E' to be discharged by the shute or gutter ď³
of the sievo D³ is carried to the rolls B², where it undergoes a second
cutting operation. This cutting and sifting operation is repeated again
and again, the grain taking a zig-zag course through the machine until
the ripped or torn fragments of grain are all converted into semolina
and discharged from the machine by the last sieve D³. The rolls B, B², B*,
are driven from the spur wheel O', and the rolls B', B³, and B³ from the
spur wheel 0³, the pinions 6 of the inner rolls taking into their respective
spur wheels, which are driven, as before stated, in opposite directions,
so as to ensure the rotation of the inner rolls in the proper direction or
towards their fellow rolls. By suitable gearing the outer rolls are driven
at a slower speed than the inner rolls. To this end on the axles of the
rolls carrying the pinions 6 and at the opposite ends thereof are keyed
small pinions 6', which severally take into a pinion of larger diameter
on the axle of the outer roll, and thus any desired incquality of surface
speeds can be given to the two rolls of each pair. The crank shafts d'
at the opposite ends of the machine are driven by belts and pulleys
actuated from any first mover, as indicated by the independent driving
belts G, G, shewn in Fig. 1. The several pairs of rolls (see Fig. 1) are
mounted in bearings carried by independent frames which rest on the
main framing, and are capable of being adjusted by wedges and tight-
ening screws to and from the central gearing. These rolls are formed

page_text: of steel and after the pattern described and shewn in the Letters Patent
above referred to.
The action of the machine is as follows:-The hulled grain being fed
to the ripping rolls B from a hopper not shewn in the Drawing passes
between them, and is torn or cut to picces and delivered on to the sievo D.
As this sieve receives a rapid reciprocating motion from its crank
shaft and rod the semolina (if any is formed) is here sifted out and
discharged from the machine in manner above described, while the
larger pieces are conducted to the first pair of semolina rolls to be further
reduced, and so on in succession to all the other pairs of rolls after the
fine particles as they are formed are sifted out. Thus little flour is
formed by the action of the semolina rolls, and any that may be formed
is subsequently to be separated from the semolina. When, however,
the result desired is flour and not semolina, instead of using scinolina
rolls as described in my Patent above mentioned, I form flour rolls in
the following manner:-I take steel cylindrical rollers of suitablo sizo
and form thereon square ribs arranged either parallel to their axis or
helically. These ribs will be about twelve to the inch, their breadth
being equal to the spaces between them. The height of the ribs will
be, say, from one-thirtieth to one-fortieth of an inch. These rolls when a
driven at different speeds, as explained with respect to the semolina
rolls, will act like shears upon the grain and reduce it to flour (without
any crushing action taking place) with great facility.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention I wish it to be
understood that I claim,—
.First. Arranging the series of ripping and cutting rolls of semolina
and flour mills around a common centre, as described, for the purpose
of driving the same from a central shaft or central shafts.
Secondly. Constructing flour rolls in the manner above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Gustav Adolph Buchholz, have here- 3
unto set my hand and scal, the Twelfth day of July, in the year
2