IMPROVEMENTS IN WARMING AND VENTILATING BUILDINGS
Year: 1850

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the 'Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer; send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-second day of May, in the thirteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said William Edward Newton, Her especial license, full power, sole
privilege and authority, that I, the said William Edward Newton, my exors,
adiñors, and assigns, and such others as I, the said William Edward Newton,
my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein men-
tioned, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in all Her
Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, and in the Islands of Jersey,
Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WARMING AND VENTILATING BUILDINGS," being a communication from abroad; in
which said Letters Patent is contained a provisó obliging me, the said William
Edward Newton, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, parti-
cularly to describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be enrolled
in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in,
and by the same; reference being thereunto had, will more fully-and at large
appear.
.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Edward Newton, do hereby declare that the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is parti-
cularly described and ascertained in and by the following description thereof,
reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and
figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
This Invention of improvements in warming and ventilating buildings
relates to various improvements upon an Invention for which I obtained
Letters Patent, bearing date at Westminster the Fifth day of June, One
thousand eight hundred and forty-nine, the Specification whereof was duly
enrolled in the High Court of Chancery on or before the Fifth day of December,
One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine.
In the present improvements I make use of stoves, grates, or fireplaces
constructed very much on the same principle as those described in the Specifi-
cation of my former Patent but, in conjunction therewith, I employ a syphon
tube, whereby I am enabled either to throw warm air into the room, or to
extract and carry off the foul and vitiated air from the upper part of the room
and convey it into the chimney. I have also shewn a means of constructing
a close stove in such a manner that it may be used both for warming the air
and also employed for culinary or domestic purposes. In the upper part of
the close stove described in the Specification of my former Patent there was
a vacant space which I now propose to make use of by placing an oven there
for the purpose of cooking or baking bread. Besides this oven a moveable
oven or chamber is intended to be suspended in front of the fire for roasting
meat, the glass or wire gauze door described in my former Specification being
previously removed, in order that the full intensity of the fire may act on the
meat. In place of the oven or chamber just mentioned a kettle or vessel for
heating water may, if required, be placed in front of the fire, a suitable stand
being suspended in front for that purpose; another kettle may also be placed
on the flue at the back of the stove.
Having briefly pointed out the leading features' of the present improvements,
I will now proceed to describe them more in detail, and for that purpose will
refer to the accompanying Drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a front view of an
open fireplace constructed according to the present improvements, and with
the improved arrangements for ventilating adapted thereto. Fig. 2 is a
vertical section, and Fig. 3 a plan view of the same, shewing the method of
conducting the warmed air from the chamber or space surrounding the grate
either into the room to be warmed or into the chimney, should it be considered
unnecessary to allow the air to pass into the room. Upon referring to

page_text: Figs. 2 and 3 it will be seen that the fireplace or grate consists simply of a
box made of sheet iron, and is furnished with a lining of fire-brick; the lower
end of this fire-brick lining is inclined outwards for the purpose of reducing the
capacity of the grate, without at the same time diminishing the extent of the
radiating surface. This fireplace or grate is placed in the usual recess under
the chimney, the lower end of which is closed, as shewn in Fig. 2, leaving only
an opening for the metal flucf of the fire-box. The space E round the grate
is closed in front by the front plate D, D, so as to form a close chamber, into
which air may be admitted from the lower part of the room at the openings
B, B, Fig. 1, which, however, are to be furnished with valves or slides so as to
be able to open or close the said openings B, B, at pleasure. From the upper
part of the space E rises a pipe F, the upper end of which communicates with
the upper part of the room near the ceiling, as shewn at Figs. 1 and 2. It
will now be understood that cold air may be admitted to the space E through
the holes or openings at B, and after being warmed in the space E the air will
pass up the pipe F into the room; a continuous current is thereby produced,
so that the air admitted to the space E is not burned but merely warmed
before it issues into the chamber. If, by this arrangement, the atmosphere
of the room becomes too warm, it will only be necessary to close the openings
B, B, by means of their slides or valves, and then there will be no current of
air through the pipe F, and consequently no escape of heated air into the
room. This same arrangement may be also used for ventilating or airing the
room, for which purpose it will only be necessary to cause the heated and
vitiated air at the upper part of the room to pass down the pipe F into the
space E, from whence it will be conveyed into the chimney through the short
pipe G; this pipe is shewn in the Drawing with its mouth bent downwards, in
order to prevent soot or other matters from getting into it; but this object
may be effected, even if the pipe be straight, by merely adapting a cap or
cover to it. The pipe G is also furnished with a throttle valve h; which is
worked by a stud or button i, and when the room requires ventilation it will
only be necessary to open the valve h, close the valves B, B, and the heated
and vitiated air from the room will pass down the pipe F into the case E,
which is filled with hot air, and the heated and vitiated air that has been thus
drawn from the room into the case or chamber E will pass up through the
short pipe G into the chimney. On the other hand, when the room requires
warming, the throttle valve h must be closed, and the valves B, B, opened;
then, as before mentioned, cold air will enter the casing E at B, B, and will
be warnied therein by coming into contact with the heated sides of the case E,

page_text: and by ascending the pipe F will escape into the room at an agreeable
temperature.
In Figures 4, 5, and 6 I have shewn a somewhat different mode of carrying.
out this improved mode of ventilation. In this instance the lower part.
or aperture of the chimney is not closed, as in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, and the
construction of the fireplace is such that it may be applied with facility to aný
chimney, and without the necessity of closing the bottom part, as in the
former instance. Upon referring to Figs. 2 and 3 it will be seen that the fire-
place consists simply of a box or case of sheet iron placed in the recess under
the chimney, and enclosed in front by a metal plate, as shewn in. Fig. 1. In
Figs. 4, 5, and 6, however, the fireplace is enclosed in an outer casing so as
to form a space E between the. outer and inner casings, into which space E
air is admitted either at the bottom or from the upper part of the room,
as will be hereafter explained. The ventilating tube F, which conducts the
vitiated air from the upper part of the room, also terminates at bottom in this
chamber.
When it is required to warm the air of the room, by passing a portion of it
through the space E, air is admitted through the pipe B, Figs. 5 and 6, from
which a branch pipe leads to the space E. The pipe B is furnished with a
piston b, which may be moved backwards and forwards in the pipe by
the rod c. Now, when the piston is pushed back into the position shewn by.
dots in the plan view, Fig. 6, it will be seen that air may freely pass from the
room along the pipe B into the space or chamber E, where it will be warmed
by contact with the heated sides of the fireplace, and from whence it will pass
up the pipe F into the room at an agreeable temperature. If, however,
it should be desired to ventilate the room, and draw off the foul and vitiated
air from the upper part, it will only be necessary to draw back the piston b
into the position shewn in Fig. 6, and the current of air will be reversed,
so that the air from the room will be prevented from entering the space
or chamber E through the pipe B, as the piston will close the outer end of the
pipe; air from the upper part of the chamber will therefore enter the pipe F,
and descend the same into the chamber E, from whence it will pass out
through the opening at the inner end of the pipe B, as shewn by the arrow,
and will then ascend the chimney with the vapours of combustion.
This mode of ventilating or airing a room is founded on what the inventor
denominates the syphon principle. Upon examination it will be found to
differ essentially from any of the plans hitherto adopted for causing the heated
and vitiated air from a room to pass through a valve or opening into the

page_text: chimney. The improved plan is caused to act by reason of the tendency of
air to pass down any, chaunel that leads to a more rarefied atmosphere. Now it
must be evident that when the casing E has no communication with the
exterual atmosphere, except through the pipe F, that the air in the casing will:
become rarefied: by the heat of the fire, and the air in the upper part of the
room not being so rarefied as that in the casing, the air from the room will.
rush down the pipe F into the casing, and from thence it will be expelled into
the chimney, where the air is also rarefied by the heat of the fire. It will be
understood that the air in the pipe F will also be so rarefied by the heat in the
chimney that the air from the room will rush into the pipe, even if it be not
connected with an air chamber, such as is 'shewn at E.
In Fig. 7 I have shewn the improved system. of ventilation, as applied in
this manner to a chimney to which the flue of a stove is adapted. The
stove constructed according to the improved plan described in the Speci-
fication of my former Patent above referred to is shewn at S, or any other
close stove may be employed. The tubular iron flue from the stove is inserted
into the chinney, which is closed at bottom in order to exclude any air,
except that which passes through the stove. The syphon pipe is shewn at F';
it is furnished with a valve h, and button i, for opening or closing a communi-
cation with the room. The heat of the chimney is sufficient to rarefy the air
in the pipe F, and thereby cause a draught from the room, which will, by this
means, be kept free from vitiated air, as a continual supply of fresh air will
always be drawn into the room through the openings in the doors and
windows. Fig. 8 is a front view of the stove, shewn in side view in Fig. 7.
It will be seen that the door is made of fine wire gauze which will admit of air
passing to the fire, and which will prevent smoke from issuing into the room, as
the wire gauze acts as a blower.
Fig. 9 is a front view, Fig. 10 a plan view, and Fig. 11 à longitudinal
vertical section of an improved economical cooking stove. In Fig. 9 the
stove is represented as being merely employed for warming or heating; but in
Figs: 10 and 11 it is shewn as in full operation for culinary or domestic
purposes. The fire-box is surrounded with an outer casing k, k, so as to
warm a body of air, and allow the same to issue from the openings e at top.
In the upper part of the stove an oven o for baking is formed, and the
flue pipe f is in this instance made flat, in order that a kettle or other vessel
containing water may be placed thereon; small saucepans, flat-irons, or other
árticles may also be heated thereon. In order to roast any meat in front of
the fire, it will be necessary first to remove the wire gauze door, which, for this
purpose, is merely suspended. ón vertical pivots. The joint of meat to be

page_text: roasted is secured on a spit and placed in a moveable oven, as shewn in
Fig. 11, a pan or vessel being placed underneath in order to receive the gravy
from the meat. If it be required to boil the contents of a large vessel this
may be done by suspending a trivet or some other support in front of the fire,
(the wire gauze door being of course previously removed), and placing the
saucepan or other vessel thereon in immediate contact with the fire.
Having now described the various improvements that have been communi-
cated to me by my foreign correspondent as aforesaid, and also the best
means with which I am acquainted for carrying the same into effect, I would
observe, in conclusion, that I am aware that some of the parts above shewn
and described, or others similar in form to them, have been heretofore
employed for similar purposes. I do not, therefore, intend to claim any of such
parts taken separately; nor do I intend to confine myself rigidly to the precise
form or arrangement of parts herein shewn and described, as they may
doubtless be varied in some degree without departing from the nature and
object of the improvements, although I believe the constructions and arrange-
ments shewn in the Drawings to be the best, as such constructions and
arrangements have been found to answer perfectly well in practice, and to
effect all the intended objects in a satisfactory manner. But that which I con-
sider to be new in the above improvements, and therefore wish to claim as the
Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is
warming or ventilating a room or chamber by means of a pipe or tube placed
in the chimney shaft, one end of which tube communicates with the atmo-
sphere of the upper part of the room, while the other end terminates
in a close chamber or air space contiguous to the fire-place, as seen at E,
Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, whereby either warm air may be passed through
the apparatus into the upper part of the room, or the hot and vitiated air may
be drawn off from that part and passed up the chimney. I claim also the plan
shewn in Figures 7 and 8, or any niere modification thereof, for drawing off
foul or vitiated air from the upper part of rooms by means of a syphon tube
which communicates at one end with the upper part of the room, while the
other end terminates near the exit or smoke pipe of the stove or fire-
place. I claim also the construction and arrangement of stoves, shewn in
Figures 9, 10, and 11, in which the improved stove is shewn as applicable for
culinary and domestic purposes, as well as for warming the air of rooms.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of November, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty.
W. E. (L.s.). NEWTON...

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-first day of November,
in the year of our Lord 1850, the aforesaid William Edward Newton came
before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the
Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified,
in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Twenty-second day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty.