Improvements in Locking Devices for Bolts and Nuts.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 31st July, 1890
Complete Specification Left, 29th Apr., 1891-Accepted, 30th May, 1891
Improvements in Locking Devices for Bolts and Nuts.
I, PERCY ALBERT ISAACS of 54 Whittington Road, Bowes Park Wood Green,
London, N., Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My present invention refers especially to certain improvements in, or modifica-
tions of, my invention of prior date, for which I have applied for Letters Patent
No. 4007 dated March 14th 1890.
The object of my said invention is to procure the perfect locking of nuts upon
bolts without rendering it necessary to alter the formation of the bolt, by forming
a flat side thereon, or otherwise causing the cross section to be irregular in order to
prevent the washer, or equivalent from turning when the nut is turned in the
direction of screwing home or slacking.
In the following description reference may be had to the accompanying sheet of
drawings, in which
Fig. 1 represents a washer, with slits disposed tangentially, and a hole for a
pin or the like, for the purpose of preventing said washer from turning.
Fig. 2 is a modification of the foregoing device, and
Fig. 3 represents a locking plate, or plates, as applied to fish plates or any other
application in which more than one bolt and nut is required in the same line or
plane.
Fig. 4 is a plan view of the device as shewn by Fig. 3.
I find in practice that it is, in many cases objectionable to provide a flat, or
irregular side upon the screwed portion of the bolt to which the locking device
according to my invention is applied, therefore, referring to Fig. 1, I employ a
washer with slits c arranged so as to divide the circumference into parts that
correspond to the square faces of the nut, and I drill or punch a hole B, so that in
the latter case the burr left by punching forms a projection upon the lower surface,
and in the former case, a pin or small spike may be used, according to the nature
of the substance or material upon which the washer impinges when screwed tightly
down.
[ may modify the construction of the washer above described by the construction
shewn by Fig. 2. Here the slits care arranged exactly in the manner shewn by
Fig. 1, but a piece B' is punched out, preferably with a penetrating edge; in place
of or in addition to the hole B Fig. 1, said piece 131 is caused to project downwards
into a recess or hole prepared for it in the material or substance being bolted
together, or in some cases to penetrate into the material or substance by the
pressure from the nut when being screwed home.
A further modification is shewn by the sectional view of fish plates and rail, and
locking plate or plates Fig. 3, and plan view of the device Fig. 4. Here I provide
a supplementary locking plate A, with holes for the bolts to pass through, and
with slits in every way corresponding to the slits in the washers forming the
subject of my prior application No. 4007 of 1890. Said plate, however, is divided
centrally, or approximately so, and the angle of said division is arranged so as to
oppose the slacking of the nut, and so obviate the necessity for a stop upon the bolt,
or a projection or pin underneath the washer, or locking plate. Instead of using a
plain angular division as shewn by Figs. 3 and 4 I may employ serrated edges, or
angular projections upon said edges, which by their arrangement may admit of free
Th

page_text: adjustment, without danger of displacement in the process of screwing or unscrewing
the nut or nuts.
Dated this 30th day of July 1890.
GEO. THOS. HYDE,
4, Moorfields, Fore Street, E.C., Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Locking Devices for Bolts and Nuts.
I, PERCY ALBERT ISAACS, of 2, Adelaide Villas, Teddington, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My present invention refers especially to certain improvements in, or modifica-
tions of, my invention of prior date, for which I have obtained Letters Patent
No. 4007 dated March 14th 1890.
The object of my present invention is to procure the perfect locking of nuts upon
bolts without rendering it necessary to alter the formation of the bolt, by forming a
flat side thereon, or otherwise causing the cross section to be irregular, in order to
prevent the washer, or its equivalent, from turning, when the nut is turned in the
direction of screwing home, or slackening.
In order that the following description of my invention may be clearly understood,
I make reference to the drawings filed with my Provisional Specification dated
July 31st 1890 in which
Fig. 1 is a representation of a washer with slits disposed tangentially, and
provided with a hole for the reception of a pin or the like.
Fig. 2 is a modification of the foregoing device, and
Fig. 3 represents a locking plate or plates, as applied to fish plates or any other
application in which more than one bolt and nut is required in the same line or plane.
Fig. 4 is a plan view of the device as shewn by Fig. 3.
I have found in practice that it is, in many cases, objectionable to provide a flat,
or irregular side upon the screwed portion of the bolt to which the locking device
according to my invention is applied, therefore, refering to Fig. 1, 1 employ a
washer with slits e arranged so as to divide the circumference into parts that
correspond to the side faces of the nut, and I drill or punch a hole, B, so that in the
latter case the burr left by punching forms a projection upon the lower surface of
said washer which, when employed for bolting together soft substances, such as
wood, or the like, is forced by the pressure from the nut into the said substance
which prevents the washer from turning, and as one or the other of the slits c
would be raised against one or the other of the outer faces of the nut, the latter
cannot possibly become loose until the impinging slit c is depressed by actual force
when it is desirable the nut should be removed.
C
In the former case when the hole B is drilled, the washer would be adaptable
when metallic or other hard substances are being bolted together, in which case, a
pin or spike would be forced into B and a corresponding hole formed in the substance
being bolted, which would prevent the washer from turning, the action of c being
the same in both cases.
I may modify the construction of the washer above described by the construction
shewn by Fig. 2. Here the slits c are arranged exactly in the manner shewn by
Fig. 1, but a piece B¹ is punched out, preferably with a penetrating edge, in place
of, or in addition to, the hole B Fig. 1. Said piece B' is caused to project down-
wards into a recess or hole prepared for it in the material, or substance being bolted
together, or in some cases to penetrate into the material, or substance by the pressure
from the nut when being screwed home, in a similar manner to the burred hole B
previously described.

page_text: A further modification is shewn by the sectional view of fish plates and rail, and
locking plate, or plates, Fig. 3, and plan view of the device Fig. 4. Here I provide
a supplementary locking plate, or plates A, with holes for the bolts to pass through,
and with slits c in every way corresponding to the slits in the washers forming the
subject of my prior Patent No. 4007 of 1890. Said plate, or plates however, may
be whole, or divided centrally, or approximately so, and the angle of said division
so arranged as to oppose the slacking of the mut, and so obviate the necessity for a
stop upon the bolt, or a projection or pin underneath the washer, or locking plate.
Instead of using a plain angular division as shewn by Figs. 3, and 4, I may employ
serrated edges, or angular projections and recesses upon said edges, so that the
projections of the one plate, may engage with the recesses of the other, which, by
their arrangement, may admit of free adjustment, without danger of displacement
in the process of screwing or unscrewing the nut, or nuts.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. In an improved locking device for bolts and nuts, the construction, and
employment of a washer, the circumference of which is divided by tangential slits c,
and has a bored, or punched hole B, as shewn by Fig. 1 of the drawings, and
operating in combination with a bolt and nut substantially as described and for the
purpose specified.
Second. In an improved locking device for bolts and nuts, the construction and
use of a washer with slits e as in the preceding claim, and provided with a punched
out projection B¹, as shewn at Fig. 2 in the accompanying drawings, operating in
conjunction with a bolt and nut in a like manner to Fig. 1 substantially as and for
the purposes described.
Third. For improvements in locking devices for bolts and nuts, as applied to fish
plates and the like, the construction and application of a locking plate A, divided
centrally, or approximately so, arranged to oppose the slacking of the nuts, with
either plain edges, or projections and recesses, or serrations thereon, with holes for
bolts to pass through, and provided with slits c, similar to those in Figs. 1, and 2,
and operating upon the nuts in a like manner, substantially as described and shewn
by Figs. 3 and 4 of the appended drawings.
Dated this 28th day of April 1891.
GEO. THOS. HYDE,
4, Little Moorfields, Fore Street, London, Agent for the Applicant.