IMPROVEMENTS IN THE Manufacture oF BRUSHES
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Abraham, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Brush Manufacturer, Cornbrook Place, Manchester, for an
Invention of “IMPROVEMENTS IN THE Manufacture oF BRUSHES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Abraham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th August 1881.
"
SAMUEL ABRAHAM, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Brush Manu-
facturer, Cornbrook Place, Manchester. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF BRUSHES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of brushes, and
relates to round brushes, such as are used principally for cleaning out boiler tubes
and for analogous purposes. The brush is formed with a round central stock or
head with conical ends. An iron or brass plug is screwed or driven into one of the
conical ends for securing to the brush a rod or handle.
The body of the brush consists of an assemblage of wires or the like; they may,
be of either iron, steel, brass, phosphor bronze, or other metal, either flat or round,
and are fastened to material, such as card, cloth in strips, which is wrapped or
wound around the bobbin shaped central stock or head, or fastened lengthways
thereof and thereto by tacks or any suitable cement; or the cloth or material to
which the wires are secured may be sewn together at two edges, thus forming as it
were a tube that is then passed over one end on to the smaller part of the central
stock or head, the end cone being afterwards fastened in position. The material
used as a backing for the wires may be either cotton, or woollen, or asbestos cloth,
leather, rubber, or any analogous material, but I prefer asbestos cloth as being fire-
proof; the bobbin-shaped central stock or head when made of wood may also be
rendered fire-proof or approximately so by treatment with alum or otherwise, or it
may be covered with tin, sheet iron, or other metal, as a protective.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, and of
an Order of the Lord Chancellor, filed by the said Samuel Abrahan in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 17th March 1882.
SAMUEL ABRAHAM, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Brush Manu-
facturer, Cornbrook Place, Manchester. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF BRUSHES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of brushes,
and relates to round brushes, such as are used principally for cleaning out boiler
tubes and for analogous purposes. The brush is formed with a round central stock.
or head with conical ends. An iron or brass plug is screwed or driven into one of
the conical ends for securing to the brush a rod or handle. The body of the brush
consists of an assemblage of wires or the like; they may be of either iron, steel,
brass, phosphor bronze, or other metal, either flat or round, and are fastened to
material, such as card-cloth in strips, which is wrapped or wound around the bobbin
shaped central stock or head, or fastened lengthways thereof and thereto by tacks
or any suitable cement; or the cloth or material to which the wires are secured
may be sewn together at two edges, thus forming as it were a tube that is then
passed over one end on to the smaller part of the central stock or head, the end
cone being afterwards fastened in position. The material used as a backing for
the wires may be either cotton, or woollen, or asbestos cloth,-leather, rubber, or any
analogous material, but I prefer asbestos cloth, as being fire proof; the bobbin
shaped central stock or head when made of wood may also be rendered fire proof
or approximately so by treatment with alum or otherwise, or it may be covered
with tin, sheet iron, or other metal as a protective.
Referring to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, Fig. 1 is an elevation of a
brush made according to my Invention; Fig. 2 is a cross section of the same;
Figs. 3 and 4 are views.illustrating two different methods of manufacture.
A is a round central stock with conical ends, and an iron or brass projecting
plug B for the attachment of a rod or handle; C is an assemblage of wires forming
the acting portion of the brush. These wires are fastened to cloth, leather, or
analogous material D, which, as already stated, may be attached to the stock A in
various ways.
Fig. 3 shews one method; in this the material carrying the wires is cut into
strips and wound helically around the stock and secured thereto by tacks or other
convenient means.
Fig. 4 shews another method, in which the edges of the material are sewn
together to form a tube which is slipped over the stock. In this case one of the
conical ends is made separate from the stock, and is secured thereto after the tube
has been placed in position.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner in which
it is to be or may be carried-into effect, I would have it understood that what is
considered to be novel and original, and is therefore claimed as secured to me by
the Letters Patent herein before in part recited is,―
1. In a brush, the combination of a central stock, such as A, a projecting device,
such as B, for the attachment of a rod or handle, an assemblage of wires or their
equivalent C, and a backing of material, such as cloth, leather, or sheet rubber for
Becuring the said wires or their equivalent, substantially as described.
2. In a brush of the kind referred to in the preceding claim, the use of asbestos
cloth as a backing or foundation for securing the wires C to the central stock.

page_text: 3. The improved brush with removable end and tube for securing the wires to
the stock, as described with reference to Fig. 4 of the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Abraham, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Eleventh day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty-two.
SAMUEL ABRAHAM. (L.S.)