A CHRONOMETRICAL REGULATOR FOR STEAM AND WATER MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES."
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Paul Carrière, of Ganges, Département de l'Hérault,
France, Engineer, for the Invention of "A CHRONOMETRICAL REGULATOR FOR
STEAM AND WATER MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES."
led the 12th January 1877, and dated the 14th November 1876
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Paul Carrière at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th November 1876.
PAUL CARRIÈRE, of Ganges, Département de l'Hérault, France, Engineer. "A
CHRONOMETRICAL REGULATOR FOR STEAM AND WATER MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES."
All the engine regulators or governors, now in use, have a double defect, which it
has been sought to remedy by every possible means, but without success.
First. Far from giving an absolute regularity and precision in work, they can only
restrict the variations of speed, and diminish, in a certain measure, the irregularities
inherent in the engines to which they are applied.
Secondly. Their feeble power limits their application, and is even a serious
obstacle to the certainty of their action. Vainly has it been tried to apply them to
hydraulic-power engines, and even in their ordinary applications, if the valve or
other part, which is to be commanded, offers a little more resistance than usual, the
regulator becomes powerless. These two defects are the result of the principle on
which all these apparatus are based, and, in order to overcome them, another
principle must be adopted.
My Invention is based essentially on the application of a pendulum, as the organ
of isochronism. In my apparatus two movements are taken from the engine,
or at least sustained by it, the one regulated by a pendulum, and consequently
perfectly uniform, the other, on the contrary, following exactly the variations in
speed of the engine. At the normal speed these two movements are in equilibrium,
and their opposing effects on the organ of admission (valve or other device)
reciprocally annul each other; but, at the least variation of speed, the equilibrium
being destroyed, the excess movement of the more intense actuates the organ of
admission until the normal speed is re-established. This principle can be applied
in many different ways, but I will describe only two of the most usual, and I
annex a drawing of them.
According to the first arrangement, shewn in Figure 1, the axle or spindle A
derives its movement from the motor. This axle puts in motion, on the one side,
[Price Gd.1

page_text: the wheel B, and on the other the wheel E, which forms the nut of the screw
V. The wheel B draws by friction the screw V, in such manner, that this screw
can stop freely at every oscillation of the pendulum, and can, on the contrary, be
drawn when it is no longer held. The arc D, and the pins C, constitute the escape-
ment. The action is easily understood. The movement of the screw, regulated by
the pendulum, being rigorously uniform, the least variation of speed of the motor
modifies the position of the nut on the screw, and consequently the organs of ad-
mission, which are drawn by the nut by means of the lever L.
The second arrangement is shewn in Figure 2. P is the weight which drives the
clock movement, composed of the combination of wheels, represented in the Draw-
ing. Its action is transmitted to the escapement wheel E, and to the pendulum D,
following the course indicated in the drawing by the dotted lines. It is hardly
necessary to say that the wheels B and C are loose on the axle A. This axle derives
its motion from the motor, and draws with it only the arm F, carrying the small
shaft G, which I term the satellite shaft, because it turns around the main axle A;
it turns in the direction of the wheel B. It is sufficient to notice the difference of
diameter of the two satellite wheels (J being larger than H) in order to take
account of the effect of their movement. At each stoppage of the wheels by the
pendulum, the wheel B remaining immovable, the wheel C is obliged to retro-
grade, owing to the fact of the movement of the satellite shaft, and consequently
the weight rises. The action is thus reduced to this :-The descent of the weight P,
regulated by the pendulum being rigorously uniform the least variation in speed of the
motor, and consequently of the lifting or remontoir movement, nodifies the position
of the weight P, which draws with it the organs of admission, to which it is con-
nected, in such manner, that they close when the weight rises, and open when it
descends.
The transmission, to the organs of admission, may be rectilinear (for an ordinary
butterfly valve) by taking it from the axis of the weight or rotary by then taking
it from the wheel C, or rather from an additional piece worked by this wheel, and
which sufficiently multiplies the speed. In certain cases the weight may be
replaced by a device (toc d'entrainement) similar to that which draws the screw
in Figure 1. It is then applied to one of the wheels B, C. The weight P can also
be replaced by a spring fulfilling the same purpose.
The pendulum may also, for greater convenience, be replaced by a round spring
balance, such as is used in clockwork.
Besides the chief advantages, which are, first, absolute regularity and precision,
and, secondly, universal application, my apparatus has the further advantage of
being readily adaptable to changes of speed, which the work sometimes requires.
For this purpose it is only necessary to raise or lower the bob of the balance or
pendulum.
The chronometric regulator or governor is not only applicable to all hydraulic
motors, and to all steam and gas engines, whatever be their form or power, but it
can also be adapted as an automatic break on secondary transmitting apparatus,
and even to machines, the movement of which it is wished to specially regulate.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by 45
the said Paul Carrière in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 22nd February
1877.
PAUL CARRIÈRE, of Ganges, Départment de l'Hérault, France, Engineer. "A
CHRONOMETRICAL REGULATOR FOR STEAM AND WATER MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES."
All the engine regulators or governors, now in use, have a double defect, which it 50
has been sought to remedy by every possible means, but without success.
First. Far from giving an absolute regularity and precision in work, they can only

page_text: restrict the variations of speed, and diminish, in a certain measure, the irregularities
inherent in the engines to which they are applied.
Secondly. Their feeble power limits their application, and is even a serious
obstacle to the certainty of their action. Vainly has it been tried to apply them to
hydraulic-power engines, and even in their ordinary applications, if the valve or
other part, which is to be commanded, offers a little more resistance than usual, the
regulator becomes powerless. These two defects are the result of the principle on
which all these apparatus are based, and, in order to overcome them, another
principle must be adopted.
My Invention is based essentially on the application of a pendulum as the organ
of isochronism. In my apparatus, two movements are taken from the engine, or at
least sustained by it, the one regulated by a pendulum, and consequently perfectly
uniform, the other, on the contrary, following exactly the variations in speed of the
engine. At the normal speed these two movements are in equilibrium, and their
opposing effects on the organ of admission (valve or other device) reciprocally
annul each other, but at the least variation of speed, the equilibrium being destroyed,
the excess movement of the more intense actuates the organ of addmission, until the
normal speed is re-established. This principle can be applied in many different
ways, but I will describe only two of the most usual, and I annex a Drawing of
them.
According to the first arrangement, shown in Figure 1, the axle or spindle A
derives its movement from the motor. This axle puts in motion, on the one side
the wheel B, and on the other the wheel E, which forms the nut of the screw V.
The wheel B draws by friction the screw V in such manner that this screw can
stop freely at every oscillation of the pendulum, and can on the contrary be drawn
when it is no longer held. The are D and the pins C constitute the escapement.
The action is easily understood. The movement of the screw, regulated by the
pendulum, being rigorously uniform, the least variation of speed of the motor
modifies the position of the nut on the screw, and consequently the opening of
the organs of admission, which are drawn by the nut by means of the lever L.
The second arrangement is shown in Figure 2. P is the weight which drives the
clock movement, composed of the combination of wheels, represented in the Draw-
ing. Its action is transmitted to the escapement wheel E, and to the pendulum D,
following the course indicated in the Drawing by the dotted lines.
It is hardly
necessary to say that the wheels B and C are loose on the axle A. This axle
derives its motion from the motor, and draws with it only the arm F, carrying
the small shaft G, which I term the satellite shaft, because it turns around the
main axle A; it turns in the direction of the wheel B. It is sufficient to notice the
difference of diameter of the two satellite wheels (J being larger than H) in order
to take account of the effect of their movement at each stoppage of the wheels by
the pendulum, the wheel B remaining immoveable, the wheel C is obliged to
retrograde, owing to the fact of the movement of the satellite shaft, and con-
sequently the weight rises. The action is thus reduced to this:-The descent of the
weight P, regulated by the pendulum, being rigorously uniform, the least variation
in speed of the motor, and consequently of the lifting or remontoir movement,
modifies the position of the weight P, which draws with it the organ of admission,
to which it is connected, in such manner, that they close when the weight rises, and
open when it descends.
The transmission, to the organs of admission, may be rectilinear (for an ordinary
butterfly valve) by taking it from the axis of the weight, or rotary by then taking
it from the wheel C, or rather from an additional piece worked by this wheel, and
which sufficiently multiplies the speed. In certain cases the weight may be replaced
by a device (toc d'entrainement) similar to that which draws the screw in Figure 1,
it is then applied to one of the wheels B, C. The weight P can also be replaced by
a spring fulfilling the same purpose.
The pendulum may also, for greater convenience, be replaced by a round spring
balance, such as is used in clockwork.

page_text: Besides the chief advantages, which are, first, absolute regularity and precision,
and, secondly, universal application, my apparatus has the further advantage of
being readily adaptable to changes of speed, which the work sometimes requires.
For this purpose it is only necessary to raise or lower the bob of the balance or
pendulum.
The chronometric regulator or governor is not only applicable to all hydraulic
motors, and to all steam and gas engines, whatever be their form or power, but it
can also be adapted as an automatic break on secondary transmitting apparatus,
and even to machines, the movement of which it is wished to specially regulate.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I declare, that I claim as essential and novel features
of my Invention of "A Chronometrical Regulator or Governor for Steam and
Water Motive-power Engines,"-
-
First. The application or employment of a pendulum, substantially, as herein-
before described, as an organ of isochronism, for rendering uniform a movement
taken from the engine, to be regulated, or governed, or sustained by it.
Second. The differential movement, resulting from the combination of this
uniform movement with the varied movement of the machine, as herein-before
described.
Third. The arrangements of mechanism, herein-before described, for effecting this
differential movement, either by a screw and nut (first arrangement) or by a com-
bination of wheels, forming an epicycloidal train, and connected to a weighted lever
(second arrangement), the nut and the weighted lever transmitting their displace-
ments to the organs of admission (valve, &c.).
In witness whereof, I, the said Paul Carrière, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Sixteenth day of February, One thousand eight hundred
and seventy-seven.
Witness,
CH. ARMENGAUD,
Civil Engineer,
Boulevard de Strasbourg, 23,
Paris..
PAUL CARRIÈRE. (L.S.)