IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS
Year: 1884

page_text: I, HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the firm of Herbert and Company, Patent Agents,
of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS, a communication to me
from abroad by Rudolf Sack, Manufacturer, of Plagwitz-Leipzig, in the kingdom
of Saxony, to be as follows:-
:-
This invention relates to that kind of ploughs in which the share and the working
blades are made of steel and supported by a cast iron under frame. The upper
steel blades in such ploughs are usually made triangular and of uniform thickness,
although their wear and tear is very unequal, the upper portions being left almost
intact while the lower portions are worn away. In order to reduce the cost of
repairs I compose the working part of three superposed steel blades of different
thickness, each blade having approximately the shape of a trapeze, with its parallel
sides placed horizontal. These blades are supported by a concave base plate
forming part of the cast iron under frame, and secured to the same by rivets, screws
or other convenient means.
The lowest blade, or the share, is the thickest of the three and has on its back a
swelling parallel with the ridge or cutting edge, which swelling facilitates the
stretching of the share, after its cutting edge has been worn off. The second or
central blade touches with its lower horizontal edge the upper horizontal edge of
the share, and is made thicker at the bottom than at the top; the upper or third
blade touches with its lower edge the upper edge of the central blade and is also
reduced in thickness towards the top. The three blades together form a concave
smooth working surface fitting on the cast iron base plate.

page_text: I, HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the firm of Herbert and Company, Patent Agents,
of 67 Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS, a communication to me
from abroad by Rudolf Sack, Manufacturer, of Plagwitz-Leipzig, in the kingdom
of Saxony, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The cast-iron base or underframe of a steel plough is intended, on the one hand,
to obtain the form and position necessary for penetrating the soil according to its
nature, on the other, to afford a support for the working surfaces consisting of
several steel-pieces.
Hitherto the upper parts in question were composed of triangular steel-plates of
.equal thickness.
The friction or wear is greatest at the point of the share, and diminishes more
and more towards the upper part; on this account triangular plates of equal
thickness do not meet the ever varying requirements of the work, and they have to
be often renewed, because the portions near the share were often worn away, while
the upper part suffered scarcely any wear and tear.
The imperfections existing in the ploughs hitherto in use are removed by the
improvements shown in the accompanying drawing:
Fig 1 represents the lower part or base seen from the side and above.
Fig 2 shows the same views of a complete plough with the improved steel
backing or lining, the latter being developed in Fig 3, which 'also shows sections of
the lining.
Fig 4 is a section of the share, strengthened throughout its length, as seen at e.
In this improved plough the great friction or wear of the share a occasioned by
passing through the furrows is transferred to the middle plate b, alone which is
strengthened but becomes gradually thinner at the parts where the pressure or
friction decreases; it lasts, therefore, longer than the steel lining made according
to the old system, and is, nevertheless, produced at less cost, because it can be
made of long, conically-rolled bars without any considerable loss of material; the
plate c, being shaped like a trapeze, is also cut out of long plates, whereas, according
to the old system, the working surface had no base or underframe and was therefore
made of one plate, which occasioned a great loss of material.
Another important advantage afforded by this compound lining of steel-plates is
that any plate can be removed by itself when it has been damaged.
In order to preserve as long as possible the normal width of the share 'a, it is
strengthened throughout by the piece e which admits of its being conveniently
flattened but, when sharpened, thus securing the normal working of the plough and
increasing its durability.
Shares such as shown in Fig 4 can also be made at less cost than those of the
old shape.
The steel lining can be fastened to the underframe or base, Fig 1, and the part &
in various ways by rivets, screws, or bolts.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
In steel ploughs having a cast iron base, with a view to making them cheaper
and more durable, and the several parts more easily removable :
1, The employment of lining-plates b and c placed one above the other and
having the shape of a trapeze, the plate 6 being strengthened towards the lower
edge in proportion to the wear produced by friction.
2, The employment of a steel share strengthened throughout its length, as shown
by e Fig 4.