AN APPARATUS ADAPTED TO COOL WORT OR MUST PREVIOUS TO ITS BEING SET TO UNDERGO THE PRO- CESS OF FERMENTATION, AND ALSO FOR THE PURPOSE OF CONDENSING THE STEAM ARISING FROM STILLS DURING THE PROCESS OF DISTILLATION
Year: 1826

page_text: TO ALL TO. WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DOMINIQUE
PIERRE DEURBROUCQ, of Leicester Square, in the County of Middlesex, Esquire,
send greeting..
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-third day of May, One thousand eight hundred and
twenty-six, in the seventh year of His reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Dominique Pierre Deurbroucq
His especial licenco that I, the said Dominique Pierre Deurbroucq, my exors,.
adñiors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Dominique Pierre: Deur-
broucq, my exors, adñiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at. all times during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,,within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in His said:
Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, the Invention of "AN APPARATUS
ADAPTED TO COOL WORT OR MUST PREVIOUS TO ITS BEING SET TO UNDERGO THE PRO-
CESS OF FERMENTATION, AND ALSO FOR THE PURPOSE OF CONDENSING THE STEAM
ARISING FROM STILLS DURING THE PROCESS OF DISTILLATION," communicated to
me by a person residing, abroad; in which said Letters Patent is contained!
a proviso, obliging me, the said. Dominique Pierre Deurbroucq, by an instru-
ment in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain

page_text: the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, and to cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court
of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference
being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Dominique Pierre Deurbroucq, do hereby declare that my said Invention is
described and ascertained by the Drawing hereunto annexed, with the following
description thereof :-
Fig. 1 of the said Drawing represents the whole apparatus viewed sideways
in the manner of an elevation; Fig. 2 is a transverse section of the apparatus
on a larger scale; and Figs. 3 and 4 are longitudinal sections of the two ends
of the apparatus to shew its interior structure. The chief part of the apparatus
is composed of three long cylindrical tubes of different sizes made of thin
copper plate; they are fixed concentrically one within the other, and each tube
being larger in diameter than that which is contained within it, two vacant
cylindrical spaces are formed between the three tubes, one of these spaces
serves for the passage of the hot wort or must which is to be cooled previous
to fermentation by flowing through the apparatus, and the other space serves
for the passage of a part of the cold water by which the cooling is to be effected,
and other cold water is also applied externally upon the outside cylindrical
tube. A A, A, A, Figures 2, 3, and 4, is the internal cylinder, formed of
sheets of copper plate bent up into a cylindrical form and soldered together in
different lengths, so as to constitute one long cylinder, which is strengthened
by a suitable number of circular hoops a, a, which are placed within side
of it at different parts of its length. The two ends of this interior cylinder
terminate with conical points b, b; and it is soldered tight at every part,
because it is not intended that any liquid shall enter into it.
Figures 2, 3, and 4, is the middle one of the three tubes; it is also made of
sheets of thin copper bent into a cylindrical form and soldered together; but
the plates are previously bended into waves or furrows, so as to form flutes
or narrow channels along the exterior and interior surfaces of the cylinder
parallel to the axis thereof, which furrows give it the same external appearance
as the flutes upon the surface of an archetectural column. The intention of
these flutes is that the tube may expose a greater surface of the thin copper
plate than it would do if it were a plain or smooth cylinder. The fluted tube
B, B, is applied over the interior cylinder A, A, so as to enclose and surround
it on all sides, and the cylinder A, A, being about two inches less in diameter
than the tube B, an annular or cylindric space of about one inch wide is left
B, B, B, B,

page_text: between the two tubes for the reception of part of the cold water by which
the cooling of the, wort or must is to be effected. The two ends of the fluted
tube B, B, terminate with cones d, d, soldered on; and a pipe for water is
adapted to the point of each cone, viz, the pipe marked D at one end of the
apparatus introduces the cold water into the space between the fluted tube B
and the interior cylinder A, A; and the other pipe, marked E, conveys away
that water from the opposite end of the apparatus after it has passed through
all the length thereof, and has become warmed by the heat which it acquires
from the wort or must which is to be cooled. F, F, F, F, is the external
tubo which encloses the fluted tube B, B, within it; the external tube is also
made of thin copper plate, but, only so much larger than the fluted tube B, B,
as to fit easily over the flutes thereof, so, that the clear space left between the
outside of the fluted tube B, B, and the interior of the outside tube F,, F, is
at a medium only equal to about a quarter of an inch. The two ends of the
external tube F terminate with cones G, G, to which are joined the pipes H
and I, for the passage of wort or must, viz', the pipe H introduces the hot
wort or must at one end of the apparatus into the narrow space between the
fluted tube B, B, and the external tube F, F; and I is another pipe at tho
opposite end of the apparatus to convey that wort away after it has passed
through all the length of the apparatus, and become cooled by the cold water
which is applied in the space. between the fluted tube B, B, and the internal
cylinder A, A, and also by the application of cold water on the external
surface of the outer tube F, F. For this purpose the said external surface is
covered with strong canvass or linen cloth, as is shown in Fig. 1, and a
number of small streams of water are poured down upon it through the small
cocks c, e; Fig. 1, so as to keep the surface of the cloth continually dripping
with wet, and by the evaporation of that wetness into vapour, heat is carried
off from the wort which is contained in the space between the fluted tube B, B,
and the external tube F, F. The lower part of the apparatus is lodged in a
wooden trough K, K, K, K, Fig. 1, and its weight is sustained upon suitable
pieces of wood which are fixed across the trough at regular distances. The
trough K, K, may be supported upon brickwork or upon legs M, M, M, M,
in any convenient manner, provided that it is firmly and steadily fixed.. The
water which trickles down upon the canvas or linen cover of the outside
tube F, F, drops into the trough K, K, and running along the bottom thereof
from one end to the other, it is conveyed away through the waste pipe f,
Fig. 1. The hot wort or must which is to be cooled is brought to the
apparatus by the pipe H, which is provided with a cock h to stop the
passage occasionally, and after flowing through the space between the fluted

page_text: tube B, B, and the external tube F, F, from one end of the apparatus to the
other, the wort having become cooled by the vicinity of the cold water, which
is applied both withinsido and withoutside of it, is allowed to pass away from
'the opposite end of the apparatus through the pipe I and the cock i, which
conducts it to the fermenting vessels. Note. When the apparatus is at
work, the entrance cock i should be fully opened to admit the hot wort or
must freely into the apparatus, but the cock i should be partially closed and
regulated so as to allow the wort or must to escape into the fermenting
vessels as soon as ever it is cooled to the required temperature, but not before.
For this purpose a thermometer should be applied to the steam which flows
out at the cock i, and if the wort comes out at a higher temperature than is
required, then that cock should be closed a little so as to diminish the
"stream of wort, in order to retain it longer within the apparatus that it may be
more cooled by the water. The cold water for the supply of the apparatus
is brought by the pipe D from an elevated reservoir; and a cock k is provided
to cut off the communication when required. This water flows through the
space between the fluted tube B, D, and the interior cylinder A, A, along all
the length of the apparatus, in a contrary direction to that in which the wort
passes through the space between the said fluted tube B, B, and the external
"tube F, F; and the metal of the fluted tube being very thin, and the surface
exposed by its flutes being very extensive, the heat passes rapidly from the
wort through the thin metal to the cold water; and the stream of the wort
being in an opposite direction to that of the water, the fresh cold water is
brought to act against the wort after it has become considerably cooled by
the preceding water. But as the water proceeds along the apparatus and
"derives heat from the wort, it is continually applying itself to hotter and
hotter wort, so as to be always in a condition to take up heat therefrom,
although the water becomes very much warmed by the time it has arrived at
the other end of the apparatus to pass away through the pipe E. A cock is
adapted to this pipe at g to regulate the flow of water through the apparatus.
The pipe E conducts the warmed water into a reservoir which is placed
on a lower level than the first mentioned reservoir, from which the supply of cold
water is derived, through the pipe D, in order that there may be a sufficient
columnar pressure to cause the water to flow with a rapid current through
the apparatus when the cocks and 9 are fully opened. When the apparatus
is in action the cock should be fully opened, in order to admit the
cold water freely into the apparatus; but the cock g may be partially closed
to limit the escape of the water therefrom and detain the water within the
apparatus until it has absorbed as much beat from the wort or must as is

page_text: intended. L is a pipe which branches off from the cold water pipe D and
extends horizontally all the length of the apparatus to supply cold water
to the outside thereof through the small branches and cocks e, c. The
apparatus is placed with a slight inclination, the end at which the wort
enters by the pipe H and cock h being rather higher than the opposite end
where the wort runs off by the pipe I and its cock i. W is a short open
vent tube which is joined to the internal cylinder A on the upper side,
and passed through the metal of both the other tubes B and F to the
open air; it is made tight at all the junctions, but the orifice is left open
to allow a free communication with the interior of the cylinder A and
the open air, and avoid any risk of that cylinder being strained or burst
by confined air or vapour. m is a drain spout joined in like manner into
the internal cylinder A on the lower side at the lowest end thereof, and
passing through the metal of the two tubes B and F to the outside; this
spout serves to drain off any water which may leak into the internal cylinder
A, or be condensed therein from vapour; and in order that the whole of such
water may drain out each of the hoops a, which are applied withinside of the
cylinder A to strengthen it, has a notch indented at the lower part of its
circumference, as is shewn in the section, Fig. 2, in order to allow the water
to pass and flow along the bottom of the cylinder A from one end of it to the
other. N is a safety pipe, which is joined to the fluted tubo B at the upper
side, and at the highest end it passes through the external tube F. The pipe
N is carried up to a greater height than the level of the surface of the warmed
water in the reservoir which receives that water by the pipe E; the upper
end of the pipe N is open so as to allow a free escape for the water, and avoid
straining or bursting thio apparatus if both the cocks k and g should be shut
at the same time. O is a branch from the water pipe E to the wort pipe H,
with a cock, which being opened (as well as the cocks k, h, & when the
cock 9 is shut, a stream of water will flow through the space between the
fluted tube B and the external tube F, in order to wash out and cleanse the
same when necessary. R is a safety pipe, similar to N, but it is merely sol-
dered to the external tube F, in order to allow the escape of the wort or must
whenever the same is too much confined in the apparatus; is a drain cock to
drain out all the water from the space between the fluted tube B and the internal
cylinder A when required. The flutes or channels in the surface of the fluted
tube B do not extend in direct lines from one end of the tube to the other, but
the tube is made in pieces of a convenient length of two or three feet, which
lengths are soldered together, and about two inches of each end of cach length is
plain, without flutes, and of a rather smaller diameter than the outside of the

page_text: flutes, so that when the lengths are soldered together there will be about
three inches of the length of the tube at each joint without any flutes, and of
a smaller diameter; also in joining the different lengths of the fluted tube B
together, the flutes of one length are not placed to correspond with those of
the other length, in order that the direction of the flutes may be interrupted
as well as their continuity, so as to cause the wort or must which flows along
those flutes to be split and dispersed at every joining, and thus expose it more
completely to the cooling surface. The small parts of the fluted tube at each
joint leaves a wide annular space around, between it and the inside of the
external tube F; and these annular spaces assist in breaking and dispersing
the wort in its passage. The external tube F is made in four or five lengths,
which are joined together by flange joints with screws, as is shewn in Fig. 1.
These joints may be taken apart by removing the screws so as to expose the
fluted tube B when it becomes necessary to clean it or to repair its soldered
joints. When the extreme length of the external tube F is taken off at one
end of the apparatus, the other lengths being detached from each other, can
be moved along over the fluted tube one way or the other, so as to give access
to every part of the length of the fluted tube B; for this purpose the pipes
E and are joined to the external tube F by means of screws, which can be
readily detached without breaking any soldered joints when it is required to
remove the end piece of the external tube F. The dimensions of my said
apparatus may be found by measuring the Drawing according to the scales of
fect and inches thereupon; but the dimensions may be varied at the discretion
of the workman who is to construct the same, according to the quantity of
wort or must which is required to be cooled by the apparatus, and also accord-
ing to the extent of cooling action which it is required to produce in that
quantity of wort or must. Note.-The diameter of the interior cylinder A, A,
ought to be rather less at one end of the apparatus than at the other (or else
the fluted tube B should be rather larger at one end than the other), in order
that the space between the outside of the interior cylinder A, A, and the
inside of the fluted tube B, B, which serves for the passage of the cold water,
may be smaller and more contracted at the end, Figure 3, where the fresh
cold water enters from the pipe D, than at the other end, Figure 4, where the
same water passes out through the pipe E after it becomes warmed; in con-
sequence the cold fresh water will pass or flow more rapidly in contact with
the interior of the fluted tube B when it first enters, and by the continual
change of surface it will produce its utmost effect in cooling the wort or must;
but as the water passes along in the apparatus and becomes warmed by the
heat which it has absorbed from the wort or must, the warmed water will move

page_text: slower and slower, so as to allow more time for the further absorption of heat
from the hotter wort or must. When my said apparatus is used for condensing
the steam arising from stills during the process of distillation, the pipe or neck
of the ordinary still head is to be connected with the entrance pipe H and its
cock h, in order to introduce the steam into the space between the fluted
tube B and the external tube F of the apparatus; and that steam will be
cooled and condensed by the cold water which flows through the apparatus and
by that which is poured upon the outside thereof, in the same manner as already
described for cooling wort or must. The condensed liquor or spirit drains
down within the apparatus to the lower end thereof, and is there drawn off by
the pipe I and its cock i.
The novelty of my Invention consists, first, in giving a fluted surface to the
thin metal which separates the hot wort or steam from the water by which it
is to be cooled, in order to increase the cooling surface, as already stated; and,
secondly, in the application of wetted canvas or cloth upon the outside surface
of the thin metal which separates the hot wort or steam from the external air,
in order to carry off heat by evaporation from that wet surface.
In witness whereof, I, the said Dominiquo Pierre Deurbroucq, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of September, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and twenty-six.
DOMINIQUE PIERRE (L.s.) DEURBROUCQ.