FEED-WATER HEATING APPARATUS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Daniel Kinnear Clark, of 11, Adam Street, Adelphi,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of
FEED-WATER HEATING APPARATUS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Daniel Kinnear Clark at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st April 1859.
I, DANIEL KINNEAR CLARK, of 11, Adam Street, Adelphi, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "FEED-WATER HEATING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in a simple and compact method of heating in detail
or in small successive quantities, water for feeding steam boilers by the forcible
and immediate intermixture of currents or jets of water and steam travelling
together. One or more jets of steam are discharged freely and directly through
a pipe or other passage or chamber of suitable form, into which also the water
to be heated is delivered, and through which it is passed in conjunction with
the steam; in this confined passage the steam, in virtue of its initial velocity,
forcibly impinges upon, mixes with, and disperses the water, and is quickly
condensed, and the water is proportionally raised in temperature by the heat
of the condensed steam. When more than one jet of steam is used, the jets
may be placed side by side, or they may be placed in succession. When the
heating apparatus is above the level of the source of water supply, the water

page_text: may be raised to it by pumps or other external means. The jet of steam is so
adjusted as by suction to draw and conduct the water into and through the
heating passage, thereby assisting, and, if powerful enough, superseding the
use of external means for lifting the water. The jet nozzle may be contracted
at the orifice to sharpen the blast. The water may be delivered round or
within the jet of steam, which in the latter case is annular, or thère may be a
series of jets in a circle.
The heated water passes freely from the apparatus, and may be either
pumped directly into the boiler or reserved for use. À free vent is provided
for the uncondensed steam when needed. The supply of steam may be taken
from the boiler direct, or from the exhaust passages of steam engines con-
nected therewith, whether condensing or non-condensing.
The apparatus may be made with parts readily moveable and easily replaced
for collecting deposits from impure water. Air vessels may be applied where
needed for equalizing the flow of water. The water may enter through the
open end of the heating passage, or through perforations.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Daniel Kinnear Clark in the Great Seal Patent Office on
tlie 1st October 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DANTEL
KINNEAR CLARK, Civil Engineer, of 11, Adam Street, Adelphi, in the County
of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her. most' Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Daniel Kinnear Clark, Her. special licence that I, the said
Daniel Kinnear Clark, my, executors,. administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Daniel. Kinnear Clark, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "FEED-WATER HEATING. APPARATUS;" upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Daniel Kinnear Clark, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under. my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,

page_text: should particularly 'describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal. Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
.
NOW KNOW. YE, that I, the said Daniel Kinnear Clark, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, that is to say:-
The Invention consists in a simple and compact method of heating the feed
water of steam boilers by the forcible and immediate intermixture of currents
or jets of water and steam brought into direct contact and travelling together,
as follows:-One or more jets of steam are discharged freely and directly
through a pipe or other passage or chamber of suitable form, into which also
the water to be heated is delivered, and through which it is passed in con-
junction with the steam; in this confined passage the steam, in virtue of its
initial velocity, forcibly impinges upon, mixes with, and disperses the water,
and is quickly condensed, and the water is proportionally raised in temperature
by the heat of the condensed steam. When more than one jet of steam is
used, the jets may be placed side by side, or they may be placed in succession.
When the heating apparatus is above the level of the source of water supply,
the water may be raised to it by pumps or other external means. The jet of
steam is so adjusted as by suction to draw and conduct the water into and
through the heating passage, thereby assisting and, if powerful enough,
superseding the use of external means for lifting the water.. The jet nozzle
may be contracted at the orifice to sharpen the blast. The water may be
delivered round or within the jet of steam, which in the latter case is annular,
or there may be a series of jets'in a circle:
.
The heated water passes freely from the apparatus, and may be either
pumped directly into the boiler or reserved for use. A free vent is provided
for uncondensed steam. The supply of steam may be taken from the boiler
direct, or from the exhaust passages of steam engines connected therewith,
whether condensing or non-condensing. For convenience the whole of the
exhaust steam may be carried through the heating chamber, the surplus or
uncondensed steam being passed on to the atmosphere or the condenser, as
the case may be.
The apparatus may be made with parts readily removeable and easily
replaced for collecting deposits from impure water. The vent for steam may
be closed, if desired. Air vessels may be applied where needed for equalizing
the flow of water. The water may enter through the open end of the heating

page_text: passage or through perforations; and the heating chamber may be formed
with one or more contractions or strictures, so as to induce more intimate
mixture of the water and steam, or with one or more bends or undulations.
The heating chamber or passage should be of sufficient length to effect the
thorough heating of the water, but it may be supplemented where needed by
one or more diaphragms placed within or beyond the passage, so as partly to
baffle or divert the discharging currents of water and steam, and further to
intermix them.
When the steam is delivered intermittently at considerable intervals into the
heating chamber, as in the exhaustion of steam from an ordinary steam engine,
the supply, of the water to be heated may likewise be delivered intermittently,
in order that cold water may not pass unheated through the heating chamber
in the intervals of the discharges of steam. The intermittent supply of the
water may be effected in a self-acting manner by the exhausting operation of
the steam inducing a partial vacuum and a flow of water into the heating
chamber through the water entrances, against which, flap or, other simple
acting valves may be placed, so as to open inwards when exhaustion is effected;
or it may be effected by means of stop-cocks, or valves, or intermittent pumps,
actuated by the engine. By means of valves, also placed at any convenient
part of the delivery pipe or chamber, the supply water may be sustained at the
level to which it is elevated by the inducing action of the steam. The whole
of the steam from donkey pumps used in feeding steam boilers may be con-
densed in this manner. The apparatus may be protected by a jacketing of
steam from the exhaust or otherwise, or by a coating of felt or other material,
to increase its efficiency by the addition of heating surface, and to prevent
loss of heat.
The annexed illustrations exhibit various forms of the apparatus. In the
Figures generally, A is the heating chamber; B is the steam pipe, from which
the steam for heating the feed water is discharged; C is the pipe, conduit, or
vessel which contains and conveys the water to be heated. The water enters
the heating chamber through perforations or slots a, a, so as to meet and mix
with the entering steam, and the heated water is discharged into the cistern D,
from which it is drawn off by the pipe E to be pumped into the boiler. Any
residual steam in the cistern D may escape through the waste pipe F.
In Fig. 1 the heating chamber is enclosed in the water conduit, and is
surrounded by the water. The tight air space at the upper end of the conduit
acts as an air vessel. The steam nozzle is fitted airtight into the heating
chamber, in order to prevent the suction of cold air into the chamber, and the
loss of heat thereby, and to sustain the exhaustive action of the steam.

page_text: In Fig. 2 the heating chamber and water conduit are placed side by side,
and united at the upper parts where the steam is admitted.
In Fig. 3 the heating pipe and water pipe are enclosed within a chamber
which contains the heated water. The cold water is discharged into an upper
chamber, whence it proceeds to the heating pipe..
In Fig. 4 there are three heating pipes and three steam nozzles, one to each
pipe, enclosed within the water conduit.
In Fig. 5 there are several steam nozzles placed in a circle, playing into an
annular heating chamber placed within the water chamber. The cold water
enters the annular chamber from within and from. without.
In Fig. 6 the steam is admitted in several jets into the heating chamber,
which in this case is plain.
In Fig. 7 the cold water is admitted in one or more thin sheets into the
heating chamber.
Fig. 8 illustrates the adaptation of a ball-cock to the cold water supply pipe,
to maintain the water at a constant level in the cold water cistern, and is.
useful when the water is supplied from above the level of the heating
apparatus.
Fig. 9 shows an application of the Invention to a locomotive, in which the
heating chamber is placed horizontally over the barrel of the boiler. One
pump may be employed to supply the cold water, and the other pump to
supply the heated water to the boiler. When the feed pump is not in action,
the heated water flows freely back into the tank or tender.
Figs. 10, 11, 12, 13, show various other forms of the apparatus. In
Fig. 10 a core is introduced within the heating chamber under the steam
nozzle to diverge the steam, and so to promote the mixture of the steam with
the water. In Fig. 11 the steam is discharged from an annular orifice near to
the circumference of the heating chamber. In Fig. 12 also, the steam is
discharged from an annular orifice, and the water is introduced against the
steam from within and from without the annular steam orifice. In Fig. 13,
an annular steam orifice is applied to a horizontal heating chamber with a
narrow annular water orifice surrounding it.
In the illustrations it has not been thought necessary to shew in detail any
of the obvious and well-known modes of conveying steam to the heater, or of
inserting linings or vessels for the collection and easy removal of deposits from
impure water. It is obvious also, without further illustration, that by a suitable
disposition of cocks or valves the apparatus may be turned off at any time and
the engine maintained in working order..
Having now described my Invention, I may explain that I do not intend to

page_text: confine myself to the precise arrangements or details herein-before described
and illustrated, as many variations may obviously be made therefrom without
departing from the nature and objects of the Invention; and I do not consider
it necessary to enter into further, details of my Invention. What I believe to
be new, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent, according with and having reference to
the descriptions herein-before contained, and the illustrative Drawings therein
referred to and annexed, is as follows:-
First, the simple and compact method of beating the feed water of steam
boilers by the introduction of the water in one or more currents or jets into
one or more confined channels, 'passages, or chambers, and the injection of onc
or more jets of steam from the exhaust or otherwise into the same passage or
passages in immediate contact with the water, so as forcibly to impinge upon
and to draw, suck, or project the water through the passage or passages, and
to immediately disperse and intermix with it on the way, thereby effecting the
immediate condensation of the whole or part of the steam, and consequently
the heating of the water, entirely or in great part, within the passage.or
passages.
Second, the general forms, arrangements, and combinations of parts or any
mere modifications .thereof, whereby the objects above mentioned are to be
effected, as herein-before described, and according to the Drawings annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Daniel Kinnear Clark, have hereunto.set
my hand and seal, this First day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand- eight hundred and fifty-nine..
DANIEL KINNEAR CLARK. (L.S.)