Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Feb., 1887
Complete Left, 5th Dec., 1887
Complete Accepted, 6th Jan., 1888
WILLIAM SAMUEL SNEADE of 20 to 30 Charter Street, Vauxhall, Liverpool in
the county of Lancashire, Milling Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention has for its objects principally the grinding of Pigments, Paint,
Chocolate and other edibles, it is also applicable for grinding other substances such as
White Lead, Ink, Soap and similar materials.
Heretofore the Rollers and Edge Runners used in machines or mills for grinding
the said substances, have been made from Granite and other materials except
Porcelain and China.
My invention consists in the use of Porcelain or China for the manufacturer of
Rollers, Edge Runners and other parts of any machines having grinding surfaces,
which I propose to use in combination with any ordinary frame or machine for the
said purpose.
In carrying my invention into practice I make squeezing or grinding Rollers and
Edge Runners and other grinding parts, with a surface of a required thickness of
Porcelain or China, to render them sufficiently strong for the purpose set forth, and
attach them to a similar frame or machine (which is now used for the said purpose)
in the same manner as the Granite and other Rollers are attached to the said frames
or machines.
I do not confine myself to any frame or machine now in existance, as my invention
would be more or less applicable, to any improvements there may be made from time
to time, in the said frames or machines."
I do not herein confine myself, to any particular kind of Porcelain or China or

page_text: similar substances such as Pottery, Stoneware, Oriental China, Chinese China,
Earthenware &c., nevertheless, I will describe the component parts of that which I
intend to use in due course.
The advantages of this invention is, that Porcelain or China can be polished to a
smoother surface, than can be obtained upon any other known suitable material, con-
sequently my invention will produce better results upon the material being operated
in less time than heretofore.
The novelity of my invention is the application of Porcelain or China for the
purpose set forth.
Dated this Third day of February 1887.

page_text: Chocolate, and other Materials.
WILLIAM SAMUEL SNEADE, Milling Engineer, of 20 to 30 Charter Street Vauxhall
Liverpool in the county of Lancashire, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has for its objects principally the grinding of pigments, paint,
chocolate and other edibles; it is also applicable for grinding other substances, .
such as white lead, ink, soap, and similar materials or ingredients of the same.
Heretofore, rollers, edge runners, segments and other grinding or squeezing
surfaces used in machines or mills, for treating the said substances; have been made
with surfaces of granite and other materials except porcelain.
My invention consists in the use of porcelain for the manufacture of surfaces of
rollers edge runners, segments and any grinding or squeezing parts of any machine
or mill used for the said purposes.
In carrying my invention into practice, I take a cylinder of porcelain and attach
it to a wrought iron spindle, (similar to those now used for granite rollers and edge
runners) by any of the well known methods now adopted by Flour Milling
Engineers; for the smaller size rollers, I prefer the following method viz.:-upon the
spindle comes a cast iron boss; upon that cast iron boss a layer of brimstone or
sulphur; upon this bed or layer of brimstone or sulphur comes the porcelain rollers
or cylinders: for the larger size rollers and edge runners, I prefer the ordinary
method of fastening the cylinders by means of plates or flanges bolted at
the ends.
I prefer to have the cylinders and other grinding surfaces of porcelain about one
and half inches thick, and to contain about seventy five per cent. of silica, and about
twenty per cent. of alumina; to give them the required durability, hardness and
toughness.
The rollers and other grinding surfaces are truly turned with a diamond, emery,
corrumdium, or any other suitable tools, and afterwards there surfaces are provided
with grooves of required, or very finely turned to a smooth surface.
Any frame or machine suitable for attaching rollers and grinding surfaces for the
said purpose; or any frame or machine similar to those now used in combination
with granite and other rollers: will serve to carry out the objects of my invention.
The porcelain rollers, edge runners, and other grinding surfaces are mounted upon
or attached to the said frames or machines, in substantially, the same manner, and in
the same combinations of one or more rollers, or one or more rollers and segments;
as granite and other substances have been affixed and arranged heretofore.
It is well known that porcelain can be polished to a smother surface, than can be
obtained upon granite or any other known suitable material; the advantages of my

page_text: invention are therefore: a saving of time and power, or producing better results than
has been heretofore obtained in a given time, and with less power.
For all purposes of this specification I claim the word porcelain as herein expressed,
to include the various species of porcelain, such as china, stoneware, pottery, Oriental
china, Chinese china, or earthenware.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
.
1. The application of porcelain in combination with suitable frames or machines
substantially as described and for the purpose set forth.
Dated this Third day of December 1887.
A. SLIM,
Agent for the Applicant.