IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING AND DRYING YEAST
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Ward, of No. 40, Broad Street Buildings,
in the City of London, Gentleman, and John Bowing, of the same
Place, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING
AND DRYING YEAST."
Sealed the 19th April 1870, and dated the 8th February 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Ward and John
Bowing at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 8th February 1870.
WC, JOHN WARD, of No. 40, Broad Street Buildings, in the City of
London, Gentleman, and JoHN BOWING, of the same Place, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PREPARING AND DRYING YEAST," to be as follows:-
We prepare a mixture in tanks or other suitable vessels of any quantity
of yeast or barm and water, the proportions being about one gallon of

page_text: ycast or barm of any ale or beer to two gallons of water. This mixture
can be made in a variety of ways, cither by hand labor, or by machinery
worked by steam, or any other motive power. The mixture when
prepared is allowed to pass through a bed or filter of animal or other
charcoal, the size and shape of such filter to depend upon the quantity
of yeast proposed to be prepared and dried; or instead of a filter charcoal
may be enclosed in bags or frames or in any other manner, the principal
object being to secure the action of the charcoal upon, and its being
brought in contact with the mixture. The charcoal may remain stationary
or kept in constant motion. After this has been done we then pass the
mixture into the Patent yeast presses commonly in use by brewers
until the yeast is separated from the water. The separation of the yeast
or barm and the water can also be effected by precipitation or other
similar method known to chemists. After being sufficiently pressed or
the yeast otherwise separated from the water we then put it on a flat
surface with cloths under it, and cloths on the top of it, the object of
the cloths being to prevent the yeast sticking to the surface on either side.
We then have the yeast dusted with farina or brans. This may be done in
a variety of modes. We then crush and break it up by means of vertical
or horizontal rollers of any suitable material. These rollers may be
worked by hand, or machinery propelled by steam, or any other motive
power. The yeast after passing under the rollers falls into and is packed
in cloth bags by hand or machinery worked by any motive power, and is
ready for use.
"
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, 2
filed by the said John Ward and John Bowing in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 4th August 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JoHN
WARD, of No. 10, Broad Street, in the City of London, Gentleman,
and Jonx BOWING, of the same Place, Gentleman, send grecting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
3

page_text: third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said John Ward and John Bowing, Her special
licence that we, the said John Ward and John Bowing, our exccutors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said John Ward
and John Bowing, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING AND DRYING YEAST," upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said John Ward and John
Bowing, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of tho said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Ward and John Bowing,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement, that is to say :—
We prepare in tanks or other suitable vessels a mixture of any required
quantity of yeast or barm and water in the proportions of about one
gallon of yeast or barm of any ale or beer to two gallons of water. This
3 mixture can be made in a variety of ways, either by hand labour, or
by machinery worked by steam, or any other motive power, but we
generally use wooden stirrers, adding the water to the yeast or barm in
the tank and properly mixing them together with wooden stirrers. The
mixture when prepared is passed into another and different tank from
those above mentioned containing at the bottom a bed of animal or
other charcoal, or the mixture can be passed through a filter of any kind
or a wooden pipe containing charcoal, the size of such filter or wooden
pipe to depend upon the quantity of yeast intended to be prepared and
dried. The quantity we generally make at one time is about 100
gallons. Or the charcoal may be enclosed in bags made of hempen net
or in open frames or in any other manner, the principal object being to

page_text: secure the action of the charcoal upon and its being brought in contact
with the mixture. The charcoal may remain stationary or be kept in
constant motion, but it is better to keep the charcoal in motion, and its
contact with the mixture must be kept up until the color of the yeast is
a light fawn, and the taste is like milk with an entire absence of bitter
or any unpleasant flavor. The time during which the charcoal is to
act upon the yeast depends on the quality of the charcoal and the
bitterness of the yeast, but half an hour to three-quarters of an hour we
generally find sufficient. The proportion of charcoal may vary slightly
but we generally use about an equal bulk of charcoal and of yeast. ]
When the mixture is properly prepared, and the action of the charcoal
complete we then add pulp made from potato or similar farinaceous or
_starchy substances, the proportions being about 20 gallons of pulp to
100 gallons of the mixture. After this has been done we then proceed
to remove the water from the yeast by pressing the mixture with the 1
Patent yeast pressers now commonly in use by brewers, continuing the
pressure until the water is separated from the yeast, but the separation
of the yeast or barm from the water can also be effected by pre-
cipitation or other similar method known to chemists. After being
sufficient pressed and the yeast separated from the water we put it
on a flat surface with cloths under it and cloths on the top of it, the
object of the cloths being to prevent the yeast sticking to the surface on
either side. We then have the yeast dusted with farina or brans in
proportions from about 2 to 3 pounds of farina to 100 pounds of dried
yeast; this may be done in a variety of modes, but we generally use the
sprinkling by hand or shaking through a sieve. When this is done we
crush and break the yeast up by means of vertical or horizontal rollers
of wood or any suitable material. These rollers may be worked by hand
or machinery propelled by steam or any other motive power, but
we have generally worked them by hand. The yeast after passing the
rollers should fall into and be packed in Holland cloth bags by
hand or machinery worked by any motive power, and is then ready for
use.
T
7
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our

page_text: mode of treating the same with charcoal (especially animal charcoal)
and drying and pressing such yeast in the manner herein-before detailed
and specified.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Ward and John Bowing,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Fourth day of August
One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
Signed and sealed in the
presence of .
OLARENCE HARCOURT,
Sol.,
8, Moorgate St.
(L.S.)
JOHN WARD.
JOHN BOWING. (L.S.)