IMPROVEMENTS LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Tandy, of Cavendish Grove, Wandsworth
Road, in the County of Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER STEAM BOILERS."
Sealed the 6th March 1860, and dated the 8th September 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Tandy at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
September 1859.
I, JAMES TANDY, of Cavendish Grove, Wandsworth Road, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
These improvements relate more particularly to multitubular boilers, but
are also applicable to other boilers. The principal feature of novelty as regards
the fire boxes or furnaces thereof consists in so constructing the same as that
the fire-grate thereof shall form a part of the boiler, instead of such said fire-
grate being distinct and separate therefrom, as heretofore practised. I am
aware of fire-grates or furnaces having heretofore been constructed in the form
of a box to contain water, said box being furnished with tubes or hollow stays,
for the passage of air to the fuel to support combustion thereof, but such said
Price RI

page_text: box has only been employed for heating the feed water previous to its entering
the boiler; I do not, therefore, lay any claim to this mode of making the fire-
grates of boilers, but declare this Invention to consist in forming the fire box or
furnace of one entire shell or double shell of metal, with a water space between
the two shells, in and through which the water shall circulate freely, and upon
the bottom portion of such said fire-box or furnace I place the fuel, and admit
air thereto through hollow stays or tubes, and I propose to place and arrange
the said bottom or fire-grate at an angle or otherwise. The dropping or
cleansing of the fire may be effected by means of a door or doors, suspended
either above or below, or hinged at the sides, at the back or front of the fire-
box. near to or at the bottom thereof, I propose when necessary to perforate
said doors for the admission of atmospheric air to mix with the gases in the
fire-box; I also propose to employ a hollow moveable partition resting on the
bottom of the water space or fire-grate; the bottom of the aforesaid partition
is formed open for the admission of atmospheric air through certain of the
tubes of the fire-grate; apertures are also formed in the said partition to allow
atmospheric air to pass through and mix with the gases in the fire-box. The
air is forced through the aforesaid apertures by means of jets of steam
introduced into the before-mentioned partition. I further propose to employ a
hanging water space or hollow vessel suspended from and attached to the roof
of the fire-box, and furnished with an internal tube, which is fixed to the outer
shell of the fire-box; the ends of said tube are left open for the passage of
atmospheric air into the fire-box through hollow stays or tubes, aided by jets
of steam, to force the air into the fire, so as to mix with the gases in the fire
box. I propose to use a fire door of a hood shape, said hood being fixed solid
to the back of the door, so as to project inside the fire box, and I form said
hood with a perforatorated hinged bottom.
Another feature of novelty in these improvements consists in so arranging
the longitudinal, tubes of multitubular boilers as to leave vertical water spaces,
extending from the top to the bottom of the said tubes, and I propose to
introduce into the aforesaid longitudinal tubes at the fire-box end thereof,
ferrules varying in inside diameter, and radiating from small in the centre of
the tube plate to large on the sides thereof. I propose also to contract the
ends of the tubes at the fire-box end, diverging from the centre to the sides
from small at bottom and increasing upwards to the full size of the tube.
In adapting these improvements to the boilers of locomotive engines,
suitable ash-pans arranged with dampers and levers are to be employed in
connection with the foot plate of the engine for adjusting the quantity of air

page_text: admitted. It is also proposed to provide means for admitting steam only
through the before-mentioned jets instead of air, or vice versa, or for entirely
excluding both, or for admitting steam and air combined, I employ a blow-off
cock placed at the bottom water space or fire-grate, and establish a com-
munication between said cock and the engine. I also propose to make use of
the steam jet in the chimney in connection with my herin-before mentioned
improvements. Lastly, I form a manhole on the top or bottom side of the
boiler, for the purpose of affording facility for cleaning between those tubes
situate next the tube plate of the fire-box.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Tandy in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
8th March 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
TANDY, of Cavendish Grove, Wandsworth Road, in the County of Surrey, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Pátent, bearing date the Eighth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said James Tandy, Her special licence that I, the said James
Tandy, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said James Tandy, my executors, administrators, and assigns should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER STEAM BOILERS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said James Tandy, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Tandy, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be

page_text: performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say;-
These improvements relate more particularly to multitubular boilers, but are
also applicable to other boilers. The principal feature of novelty, as regards
the fire-boxes or furnaces thereof, consists in so constructing the same as that
the fire-grate thereof shall form a part of the boiler, instead of such said fire-
grate being distinct and separate therefrom as heretofore practised, I am
aware of fire-grates of furnaces having heretofore been constructed in the form
of a box to contain water, said box being furnished with tubes or hollow
stays for the passage of air to the fuel, to support combustion thereof, but such
said box has only been employed for heating the feed water, previous to its
entering the boiler, I do not therefore lay any claim to this mode of making
the fire-grates of boilers, but declare this Invention to consist in forming the
fire-box or furnace of one entire shell or double shell of metal, with a water
space between the two shells in and through which the water shall circulate
freely, and upon the bottom portion of such said fire-box or furnace I place the
fuel and admit air thereto through hollow stays or tubes, and I propose to
place and arrange the said bottom or fire-grate at an angle or otherwise. The
dropping or cleansing of the fire may be effected by means of a door or
doors suspended either above or below, or hinged at the sides, at the back
or front of the fire-box near to or at the botton thereof. I propose when
necessary to perforate said doors for the admission of atmospheric air to mix
with the gases in the fire-box; I also propose to employ a hollow movable
partition resting on the bottom of the water space or fire-grate. The bottom of
the aforesaid partition is formed open for the admission of atmospheric air,
through certain of the tubes of the fire-grate; apertures are also formed in
the said partition to allow atmospheric air to pass through and mix with the
gases in the fire-box. The air is forced through the aforesaid apertures by
means of jets of steam introduced into the before-mentioned partition. I
further propose to employ a hanging water space or hollow vessel suspended
from and attached to the roof of the fire-box, and furnished with an internal
tube, which is fixed to the outer shell of the fire-box, the ends of said tube
are left open for the passage of atmospheric air into the fire-box, through
hollow stays or tubes, aided by jets of steam, to force the air into the fire,
so as to mix with the gases in the fire-box. I propose to use a fire-door
of a hood shape, said hood being fixed solid to the back of the door, so as to
project inside the fire-box, and I form said hood with a perforated hinged
bottom. Another feature of novelty in these improvements, consists in so

page_text: arranging the longitudinal tubes of multitubular boilers as to leave vertical
water spaces, extending from the top to the bottom of the said tubes, and I
propose to introduce into the aforesaid longitudinal tubes, at the fire-box end
thereof, ferrules varying in inside diameter, and radiating from small in the
centre of the tube plate to large on the sides thereof. I propose also to
contract the ends of the tubes, at the fire-box end, diverging from the centre
to the sides, from small at bottom and increasing upwards to the full size
of the tube. In adapting these improvements to the boilers of locomotive
engines, suitable ash-pans arranged with dampers and levers are to be
employed in connection with the foot plate of the engine for adjusting the
quantity of air admitted; it is also proposed to provide means for admitting
steam only through the before-mentioned jets instead of air or vice versa; or
for entirely excluding both, or for admitting steam and air combined, I
employ a blow-off cock, placed at the bottom water space or fire-grate and
establish a communication between said cock and the engine; I also propose to
make use of the steam jet in the chimney in connection with my herein-before
mentioned improvements..
Lastly, I form a manhole on the top or bottom side of the boiler for the
purpose of affording facility for cleaning between those tubes situate next the
tube plate of the fire-box.
In order to explain these improvements as completely as possible, I now
proceed to describe the best means I am acquainted with, for carrying the
same into practical effect, and have attached to these Presents two Sheets of
Drawings illustrative of such said improvements.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
At Sheet 1, Figure I is a longitudinal section of a locomotive fire-box and
a portion of the boiler. A is a hanging water space with a tube running
through it, and is attached to each side of the shell of the outer fire-box, and
which pipe contains a small steam pipe which is connected with the cock B on
the top of the outer fire-box, this pipe is perforated at different places, as
indicated by the letters C, which also shews a section of hollow stay or tube
screwed into both hanging water space and inside tube, the object of which is
to force the air into the fire-box by means of the steam through the small pipe,
the points of admission are shown by the letters C in Figure 3. cross section;
D is the moveable bridge with the steam pipe passing through it from the
cock B, and is perforated in a similar manner as that described in the hanging
water space at A. The letters E shew the water space bottom or fire-grate;
letters F shew the centre lines of the tubes or hollow stays; G denotes the

page_text: dampers to be regulated from the foot plate; H is a hooded door with a
moveable flap h, to be regulated from the outside; K is the position of a man-
hole for the purpose of cleaning down between the tubes, and tube plate of the
fire-box; L is a door for the purpose of dropping or clearing the fire. Figure 2
is also a section of fire-box with the grate curved and inclined the reverse way
towards the front, with the door for dropping in the front; this Figure contains
the same arrangements as No. 1. Figure 3 is a cross section of fire-box,
shewing the longitudinal boiler tubes placed immediately one over the other,
leaving a clear space between the vertical rows of tubes; Figures 4 and 5 are
two sections of common fire-boxes, shewing in dotted lines the application of this
Invention to fire-boxes now in use; Figure 6 is also a section of fire-box with
the bottom inclining towards the front, with a short level space at the front, and
contains the same application of Invention as heretofore described; Figure 7 is
a cross section of the above fire-box, shewing the application and construction of
the continuous bottom or water space of the fire-box, also the hanging bridge,
internal pipe, and steam jets; Figures 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, are different
sections and plans of tubes or stays with the shape of ferrules introduced for
the purpose of keeping the small coal from dropping through said tube:
Sheet No. 2, Figures 1, 2, and 3 are sections of a marine boiler, shewing
the application of the continuous water space bottom perforated with tubes, also
of the bridge with the steam jets and air tubes, the letters marked on this
Drawing have the same reference as those described in Sheet No. 1; Figures 4,
5, and 6, are sections of a stationary boiler with this Invention applied thereto,
the letters marked thereon are the same as described in Sheet No. 1.
Having now fully described and set forth the nature and object of my said
Invention of "Improvements in Locomotive and other Steam Boilers," together
with the best means I am acquainted with for carrying the same into practical
effect, I would remark in conclusion, that I hereby declare my Invention to
consist in, and I claim,-
First, constructing locomotive and other boilers with a continuous water
space around the top, bottom, and sides thereof, serving as a fire-grate as above
described and represented.
Secondly, the introduction of air and steam (into the fire-box of boilers),
either separately or combined, both above and below the fuel in a transverse
direction, as above described and represented.
Thirdly, the arranging of the tubes of multitubular boilers immediately over
cach other in vertical lines or rows, by which the cleaning of the tube plate is
very much facilitated, and leakage of the tubes thus prevented.

page_text: Fourthly, making the orifices of the central line or row of tubes of
multitubular boilers at the fire-box end thereof smaller than the contiguous
rows of tubes, increasing the diameter of the said several rows of tubes
gradually towards the outside row, or varying the diameter of such said tubes
vertically, beginning at the bottom tubes, and gradually increasing the diameter
towards the top of the lines or rows of tubes.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Tandy, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Sixth day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and sixty.
JAMES TANDY. (L.S.)