IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING MADDER, MUNJEET, OR ANY OF THEIR PRE- PARATION'S
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Simon Pincoffs, of the City of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemist, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING MADDER, MUNJEET, OR ANY OF THEIR PRE-
PARATION'S."
Sealed the 15th December 1857, and dated the 19th June 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Simon Pincoffs at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th June 1857.
I, SIMON PINCOFFS, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING MADDER, MUNJEET, OR ANY OF THEIR PRE-
PARATIONS," to be as follows:-
I add fatty, oily, or resinous substances, or materials, or mixtures containing
fatty, oily, or résinous substances, to madder, munjeet, or any of their pre-
parations, causing them to combine intimately. I then expose the said
mixture of the fatty, oily, or resinous substances, and the madder, munjeet,
&c., to the action of diluted sulphuric, muriatic, or other acids, and after-
wards remove these acids by washing; I thus obtain an improved dyeing
material.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Simon Pincoffs in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th December 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SIMON
PINCOFFS, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Manu-
facturing Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Simon Pincoffs, Her special licence that I, the said Simon Pincoffs,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Simon Pincoffs, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TREATING MADDER, MUNJEET, OR ANY OF THEIR PREPARATIONS," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Simon Pincoffs, by an instru-
ment in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Simon Pincoffs, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say) :-
My improvements consist in mixing with madder, or any plants, of the same
species, spent madder or any, preparations of madder, and plants of the same
species; or of spent madder, such as washed madder, fermented madder,
garancine, garanceux,. or other such substances, by whatever name they are
known in commerce, fatty or oily acids or their compounds, and subsequently
exposing the mixed materials to the action of stronger acids. For the purpose
of effecting my said improvements, I mix a certain quantity of soap or com-
pound of fatty acid, dissolved in water, with madder or any preparation of
the same, which may then be heated to the boiling temperature. When
cooled again, I add a stronger acid until I obtain a decidedly acid reaction.

page_text: Now, though these improvements may be applied beneficially to madder in its
original state, and on various preparations of the same, such as garancine, &c.,
I prefer acting on madder which has been previously washed, or fermented and
washed. And though the whole of the operations may be performed cold,
especially when acting on madder which has been previously acted on with
strong acids, I prefer even then to heat the material to about 180° when the
oily or fatty substances are mixed with it, and also when the acid is sub-
sequently added. Again, though sulphuric acid, or even some other acids may
be used, I prefer using muriatic acid after the mixture of the oily or fatty
acids or their compounds with madder, &c.
And in order that my improvements may be more fully understood, I will
proceed to describe the mode in which I carry my said Invention into practical
effect.
I add to madder, which has been previously washed, a solution of soap,
which solution shall contain about ten per cent. of soap in proportion to the
weight of the madder before washing. After stirring this mixture well about
ten or fifteen minutes, I heat the whole up to about 180° in about an hour.
I then allow the whole to cool, when I slowly add muriatic acid until a
decidedly acid reaction as established. I then add a quantity of water and
allow the whole to settle. I then draw off as much of the liquid as possible,
after which I again add water, and heat the whole to about 180°; after this
I allow it to cool, and draw off a quantity of the liquid. After this process,
I make garancine from the material so prepared by any of the known
methods.
The advantages resulting from this treatment with oily or fatty acids or
their compounds, and subsequently with a stronger acid, are, that the colors,
produced with the material so obtained, are more advantageous in many
respects, are faster and more brilliant, especially when combined with
aluminous mordants, than they would have been had my improvements not
been applied.
Having thus fully described the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to be distinctly
understood that I do not confine myself to the precise details herein set
forth, or to the precise compounds of fatty or oily acids to be employed, nor to
the kind of acid which may be subsequently used, nor to the degree of heat at
which the various operations may be performed; but I claim as my Invention
or discovery, the addition of fatty and oily acids and their compounds to
madder or any plants of the same species, spent madder, or any preparations
thereof, such as garancine, garanceux, or other such substances, by whatever

page_text: name they are known in commerce, and the subsequent action of mineral or
other strong acids on the mixture so produced, as such Invention or discovery
is herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Simon Pincoffs, liave hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named Simon Pincoffs, in
the presence of
E. J. HUGHES, Patent Agent,
Manchester.
S. PINCUFFS.
(L.S.)