Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Oct., 1899-Accepted, 10th Mar., 1900
I, FRANK ASHLEY WILMOT, Manufacturer, of Bridgeport, Fairfield County,
Connecticut, United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of this in-
vention, and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention has for its object to provide a radiator made entirely of wrought
metal which shall be adapted to take the place of the cast metal radiators now
in general use in steam and hot water heating systems, my novel radiator being
much lighter, much stronger and much less expensive than cast metal radiators
and the material being adapted to be formed to any desired ornamental shape
or configuration thus enabling me to produce a neat, graceful and exceedingly
attractive radiator adapted for general use either in private houses or in public
buildings.
With these ends in view I have devised the novel wrought metal radiator
which I will now describe referring by letters and numbers to the accompanying
drawings forming part of this specification, in which
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a radiator consisting of six of my novel sections,
two of the pipes in the two sections toward the right and the corresponding
connections being in section on the line 1-1 in Fig. 2.
Fig. 2 an end elevation corresponding therewith, legs or bases by which the
end sections are supported being indicated by dotted lines in both figs.
Fig. 3 a plan view of one of my novel headers detached.
Fig. 4 a detail sectional view on the line 44 in Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 a similar view illustrating a slight change in the details of construction.
Fig. 6a detail view partly in section, the pipes being broken away at the
center, showing that the upper header may be dispensed with and the upper ends
of the pipes closed by caps, and also showing a form of lower header in which the
collars which receive the pipes are inverted, that is turned inward instead of
extending upward from the header.
Fig. 7a detail view showing in elevation, partially broken away, an inside
lower header and also showing as a modification that the collars which receive
the pipes may pass within the pipes instead of the pipes passing within the
collars as in the other form, and
Figure 8 is a detail view on enlarged scale showing the construction of passages
through the headers for tie rods.
A denotes the pipes of my novel radiator, B the headers, C the tie rods and
D) legs or bases.
The pipes are of wrought metal but the details of construction are not of the
essence of my invention. I preferably, however, use pipes made from sheet
metal the edges of which are secured together by clincher joints as in Patent
No. 6824 granted to me Mar. 16, 1897. The legs or bases are preferably made of
wrought metal and of any desired shape or configuration. For the sake of
clearness I have indicated the bases by dotted lines only. It is simply essential
so far as my invention is concerned that the bases and headers be independent

page_text: of each other and that the bases be so constructed as to receive a header and hold
it firmly. Ordinarily the two end sections only of a radiator will be seated in
legs or bases. If the radiator is very long, however, one or more of the inter-
mediate sections may rest in a leg or base. The upper and lower headers may
be the same so far as the principle of my invention is concerned, but the exact
shape of the headers is of course not of the essence of my invention. For example
in Figs. 1 and 2 I have shown the upper and lower headers as differing from
each other in design although the principle is the same in both. The essential
feature of my novel header is that it is drawn and pressed to shape from a blank
of wrought metal. In practice the blank of metal is cupped and drawn by suc-
cessive operations to the desired shape, the base or closed end of the cup forming
the outer face of the header as at a. The open end of the cup of metal is flattened
and closed in to form collars 10 to receive the pipes, the edges of the metal
between the collars being caused to lap past each other so as to form a lap joint,
as at 11, between the collars, as clearly shown in Figs. 3 and 4.
.
If preferred instead of closing the edges of the open end of the cup upon each
other and forming a lap joint as in Figs. 3 and 4 independent pieces 12, sce
Fig. 5, may be set in between the collars, the inner edges of said pieces 12
forming the inner sides of the collars as at 12 and the outer edges of said pieces
overlapping the edges of the blank from which the header is formed and forming
lap joints as at 12b
In Fig. 6 I have illustrated a form of my invention applicable to steam
radiators in which the upper header is dispensed with and the upper ends of the
pipes are closed by caps 29. I have also illustrated in this form, as a modification,
a header, in this instance a lower header, in which the collars 10 instead of ex-
tending upward from the header are inverted, i.e. turned inward, said collars
receiving the pipes as in the other form. In Fig. 7 I have illustrated a form in
which the collars extend upward from the header as in Figs. 1 and 2, but are
made smaller and are adapted to pass within the pipes instead of receiving the
pipes within them as in the other ferm. The shape of the collars and pipes in
cross section is of course not of the essence of my invention. In Fig. 3 I have
illustrated collars made oval in cross section to receive oval pipes which I pre-
ferably arrange in each section as shown in said fig., although as already inti-
mated these details of construction may be varied to suit the taste of the designer
or the requirements of the trade. E denotes a main steam or water pipe
threaded at its end to engage a threaded sleeve 13. This sleeve is preferably
made angular as shown to adapt it to receive a wrench by which it may be held
while pipe E is being turned to place. Sleeve 13 is secured to a radiator section
the lower header of which is especially adapted for use as a first section of a
radiator by having in its outer side an opening 14 surrounded by an outwardly
turned flange 15 and by having in its inner side an opening 16 surrounded by an
outwardly turned flange 17. Sleeve 13 is secured to a sleeve 18 which is itself
provided with an outwardly turned flange 19 which engages the inner side of the
section. Sleeve 18 is made just large enough to pass through opening 14 and
flange 15, flange 19 upon the inner end of said sleeve engaging the inner side
of the section as is clearly shown in Fig. 1. It will of course be understood that
these parts are rigidly secured together, ordinarily by the process of sweating,
so called.
The only difference between the first section and the intermediate sections is
that the lower header of each of the intermediate sections has an opening 16
in each side, each opening being surrounded by a flange 17, and the only
difference between the intermediate sections and the last section is that the lower
header of the last section has an opening 16 in its inner side only. The mode
in which the sections are connected together at the bottom, or at both bottom and
top if preferred, is clearly illustrated in Fig. 1, in which fig. I have shown the
sections as connected together at top and bottom as would ordinarily be the case
in hot water radiators but would not ordinarily be necessary with steam radiators,

page_text: 22 de-
it being however wholly immaterial so far as my invention is concerned whether
the sections are connected at both top and bottom or only at the bottom, and
also whether or not upper headers are used at all. 20 denotes sleeves having at
their inner ends flanges 21 adapted to engage the inner sides of the sections.
The outer ends of each pair of sleeves 20 abutting against each other.
notes a double taper sleeve lying within sleeves 20. It will be noted in Fig. 1
that sleeves 20 just pass closely through openings 16 and flanges 17, flanges 21
of said sleeves closely engaging the inner sides of the sections and that said
sleeves also closely engage the double taper sleeve. After assembling, the parts
are rigidly secured together in any suitable manner as by the process of sweating,
so called.
The tie rods which connect the sections together to form completed radiators
may be passed between the pipes or through the headers as preferred. When
they are passed through the headers the headers are provided in both sides with
counter-sunk openings 23. 24 denotes tubes which pass through the headers
and are provided at each end with flanges 25 which engage the counter-sinks
surrounding openings 23 as is clearly shown in Fig. 8. 26 denotes tubes sur-
rounding tubes 24 the ends of which abut against and support the sides of the
sections. It will be clearly understood from Fig. 8 that tubes 26 render it
impossible for collapsing of the headers to take place under any circumstances
and that the flanges of tubes 24 prevent the possibility of outward expansion of
the headers. 27, see Figs. 4 and 5 in connection with Fig. 1, denotes tubes the
ends of which abut against contiguous sections and register with tubes 24 through
which the tie rods pass. These tubes, in connection with the tie rods and nuts 28
thereon, hold the sections rigidly in place and make the radiator as a whole
strong and rigid. This construction thus insures that the radiators while very
much lighter than any radiators now in use having an equal amount of radiating
surface will also be very much stronger than other radiators and able to stand
a much higher steam pressure without danger of either collapsing or bursting.
As above stated the header is formed by being cupped and drawn from a blank
of wrought metal, and as also stated the edges of the blank are closed in toward
each other. This closing is, however, unequal along the edges of the blank for
the reason that those portions of the edges of the blank which are to form the
collars to which the pipes are secured, are closed in only to varying extents as
indicated clearly in Figure 3. The portions of said edges between those portions
which are to form the said collars are, however, closed in to a greater extent
to enable the edges to be secured together. Hence the closing inward of the
edges of the blank is unequal along said edges.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. A radiator header cupped and drawn from a blank of wrought metal, the
edges of said blank being unequally closed inward, portions of said edges being
secured together and other portions formed for the attachment of pipes.
2. A radiator section comprising a series of wrought metal pipes and a header
cupped and drawn from a blank of wrought metal, the edges of said blank being
unequally closed inward, portions of said edges being secured together and other
portions having the said pipes attached thereto.
3. A radiator section comprising a series of wrought metal pipes and a header
cupped and drawn from wrought metal and having a continuous outer face, the
edges of said blank being unequally closed inward, portions of said edges being
formed with a series of collars to which the pipes are secured and other portions
of said edges being secured together.
4. A radiator section consisting of a series of wrought metal pipes, and upper
and lower headers cupped and drawn from a blank of wrought metal, the edges
of the header blanks being unequally closed inward, portions of said edges being

page_text: formed with collars to which the pipes are attached and other portions of said
edges being secured together by joints between the collars.
5. The radiator header B cupped and drawn from a blank of wrought metal
the edges of said blank being unequally closed inward, portions of said edges
being formed into collars 10 and other portions between said collars being secured
together, substantially as shown for the purpose specified.
6. In a wrought metal radiator, the combination with headers having counter-
sunk openings 23, of tubes 24 having flanges which engage the counter-sinks
of contiguous headers and tubes 26 which enclose tubes 24 and the ends of which
abut against the sections, whereby collapsing or bursting of the sections is
prevented.
Dated thin 2nd day of Natalion 1000
ALLISON BROS.,
Agents for the Applicant.