Improvements in Electric Welding Apparatus.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Oct., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 10th July, 1893-Accepted, 12th Aug.,
1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Electric Welding Apparatus.
I, WILLIAM CHARLES MOUNTAIN of the Firm of Ernest Scott and Mountain,
Limited of Close Works in the City and County of Newcastle on Tyne, Electrical
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in electric welding apparatus whereby
an effective weld may be obtained without deteriorating the nature of the metal at
the weld and whereby also material economy may accrue.
In apparatus for electric welding the heat must not be too concentrated or
damage to the plate or metal may ensue and it is to avoid this defect that I have
devised certain special apparatus the nature of which I will now describe.
I find that useful results in welding are obtained by causing the electric arc
whereby the weld is to be effected to distribute the intensity of its heat over an
increased area and to effect this economically I make use of an U-shaped or other
suitably formed receptacle adapted to contain water after the manner of a water
jacket and fitted with means for the circulation thereof therethrough.
This water jacket is designed to form an outer casing or jacket to an inner
body or brick of carbon firebrick ganister or other suitable refractory material: the
latter may be hollowed out or otherwise recessed on one side and in the area or
space so formed the electric arc is designed to operate.
The refractory material is arranged so that it can be easily replaced by
e.g. sliding it in or out of the seating enclosed by the water jacket and in opposite
ends of the latter as well as in coinciding positions in the refractory material 1
may arrange apertures or slits through which the carbons designed to form the arc
may pass.
Preferably on the upper and outer side of the water jacket or external casing I
may place brackets or bearings wherein a right and left handed screw or other
equivalent mechanical device may be arranged. This is for the purpose of causing
at will an adjustable approach or recession simultaneously of certain carriers
designed to contain or hold the carbons forming the electric arc: these carriers
may work on the screws aforesaid and at their lower ends they may be provided
with means for carrying the carbons the positive and negative terminals conveying
the electric current being also connected one to each carrier and duly insulated.
Guide rods may be fitted if required to assist the rectilineal motion of the carriers
the carbons of which can thus be readily adjusted in any required position or
renewed at any time.
An apparatus thus designed may be applied on one or both sides of a plate or bar
requiring welding and in its application may be readily slung or otherwise placed
in position.
The heat of the electric arc formed between the carbon points as above
is thus not so much concentrated on any one point of the metal but the refractory
material partially absorbs the heat which in conjunction with that more directly
radiated from the electric arc itself is thrown off again over an increased area of
surface and with sufficient intensity to effectually form the required weld without
burning or deteriorating the metals requiring junction.
Dated this 9th dor of October 1800
A. CRAWHALL CHAPMAN,
3, St. Nicholas Buildings, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Patent Agent.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Electric Welding Apparatus.
I, WILLIAM CHARLES MOUNTAIN, of the Firm of Ernest Scott and Mountain
Limited, of Close Works, in the City and County of Newcastle-on-Tyne, Electrical
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in electric welding apparatus whereby an
effective weld may be obtained without deteriorating the nature of the metal at
the weld and whereby also material economy may accrue.
In apparatus for electric welding the heat must not be too concentrated or
damage to the plate or metal may ensue and it is to avoid this defect that I have
devised certain special apparatus the nature of which I will now describe.
I find that useful results in welding are obtained by causing the electric arc
whereby the weld is to be effected to distribute the intensity of its heat over an
increased area and to effect this economically I make use of a U-shaped or other
suitably formed receptacle adapted to contain water after the manner of a water-
jacket and fitted with means for the circulation thereof therethrough.
This water-jacket is designed to form an outer casing or jacket to an inner body
or brick of carbon firebrick ganister or other suitable refractory material; the
latter may be hollowed out or otherwise recessed on one side and in the area or
space so formed the electric arc is designed to operate. The refractory material
is arranged so that it can be easily replaced by e.g. sliding it in or out of the
seating enclosed by the water-jacket and in opposite ends of the latter as well as
in coinciding positions in the refractory material I may arrange apertures or slits
through which the carbons designed to form the arc may pass.
Preferably on the upper and outer side of the water-jacket or external casing I
may place brackets or bearings wherein a right and left handed screw or other
equivalent mechanical device may be arranged. This is for the purpose of causing
at will an adjustable approach or recession simultaneously of certain carriers designed
to contain or hold the carbons forming the electric arc: these carriers may work
on the screws aforesaid and at their lower ends they may be provided with means
for carrying the carbons the positive and negative terminals conveying the electric
current being also connected one to each carrier and duly insulated.
Guide rods may be fitted if required to assist the rectilineal motion of the
carriers the carbons of which can thus be readily adjusted in any required position
or renewed at any time.
An apparatus thus designed may be applied on one or both sides of a plate or
bar requiring welding and in its application may be readily slung or otherwise
placed in position.
The heat of the electric arc formed between the carbon points as above is thus
not so much concentrated on any one point of the metal but the refractory material
partially absorbs the heat which in conjunction with that more directly radiated
from the electric arc itself is thrown off again over an increased area of surface and
with sufficient intensity to effectually form the required weld without burning or
deteriorating the metals requiring junction.
I will fully describe my invention with reference to the accompanying drawings
in which
Figure 1 shows a side view of my apparatus, the left hand half of the figure
being in elevation and the right hand half being in section.
Figure 2 shows a cross-section on line x y in Figure 1 and
Figure 3 shows an end elevation of the apparatus and in the following description
like marks of reference designate like parts.

page_text: Referring to the drawings a is a cast iron U-shaped hollow receptacle or water-
jacket and a¹ a show the inlet and outlet circulating pipes for water. 3 is a brick
of carbon, firebrick, ganister or other suitable refractory material. It will be
observed that this brick is hollowed out or recessed on one side and in the space
so formed the electric arc is designed to operate. The brick is held in vertical
position within the U-shaped receptacle by lugs 4 cast thereon and laterally by the
strips 5. The opposite ends of the receptacle and brick are furnished with
apertures through which the carbons 6 pass.
Brackets 7 are arranged on the top of the receptacle to form bearings for the
right and left handed screw 8. Guides 9 are further supplied so that on the
revolution of the screws 8 the carriers 9 may simultaneously approach or recede
from one another the carriers being guided by the bars 9 aforesaid. The lower
parts of the carriers are insulated from the upper parts by insulating blocks 10
of slate or like material and the carbons 6 are also carried and secured in the
lower parts of the carriers. The electric cables 11 are attached to the positive and
negative terminals at 12.
The receptacle may be provided with a hoop or bar 13 and ring-bolt 14 for
convenience in slinging the apparatus into any required position.
To put the apparatus in operation, suppose two plates P. P' require to be welded:
let their edges be prepared as shown in the drawings and let the welding material
be placed in the wedge so formed. On the current being applied, an arc will be
formed between the carbon points the intensity of which can be regulated by
adjusting the distances of the points apart by means of the screw 8 and handle 8.
The effect of the arc is to render the recessed portion of the brick 3 incandescent
and thus instead of having to limit or concentrate the heat of the weld to the
immediate vicinity of the carbon points themselves it will be found that the welding
heat is distributed over the area of the recess in the refractory brick whereby the
plate edges requiring junction may be perfectly welded without burning or damaging
the metal.
For ordinary welds the recess in the brick may take the form of a square (say
6 or 8 inches square) but in cases where a considerable length of welding is
required to be performed simultaneously the apparatus may be constructed
accordingly and instead of having one pair of carbons these may be disposed at
suitable distances apart along a recessed brick so that when the current is switched
on the welding heat may be distributed over practically any required length.
Similarly if it is desired to weld both sides of the plates simultaneously, by
duplicating the apparatus and disposing it on both sides of the plates obviously the
weld may be effected on both sides in this manner.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is,
1. In electric welding apparatus the use of a chamber with refractory walls
enclosed or held in a water-jacket or equivalent receptacle the said chamber in
conjunction with the carbons acting when the electric current is switched on as an
incandescence chamber for the purpose of welding and more evenly distributing the
heat at the weld the carbons operating with respect to the incandescence chamber
and being capable of adjustment by hand substantially as herein set forth.
2. The combination of parts constituting improvements in electric welding
apparatus arranged and adapted to operate substantially as and for the purpose
hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 8th day of July 1893.
A. CRAWHALL CHAPMAN,
3, St. Nicholas Buildings, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Patent Agent.