Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres for Cycles and the like.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Jan., 1892
. Complete Specification Left. 14th Oct., 1892-Accepted, 31st Dec., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres for Cycles and the like.
I, ALEXANDER NICHOLSON, of 52 Mary Street, Dublin, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
A new and improved method of fixing pneumatic tyres to rims of wheels, so as to
be readily detached therefrom, by the ordinary rider, or persons without any special
mechanical training; and to be able to get at air tube, or spokes for repair, and
replace tyre quickly and easily, without the aid of any special tools for the purpose;
and when so replaced or placed, to have a neat and finished appearance, not liable
to get out of repair perfectly secure, easily cleaned, to effectually exclude wet and
grit to leave or cause no projection, angle or crevice inside round air tube to injure
it-not to allow tyre to roll on rim, and to hold the canvas or other covering
evenly all round, so as to preserve an even and uniform tyre, when inflated.
Also the application of the invention for altering tyres and rims of wheels of any
suitable form.
(1) To form in or on the rim, either hollow or solid, an annular casing, hollow-
bead, groove, recess, or channel, being dove-tail, V, L, C, round or other suitable
form in section; the opening into of which is narrower than, or capable of being
closed or narrowed more than the inside, or whose edge, or edges or sides, are
undercut or overhang; and whose edge or edges one or both, may not be con-
tinuous, but formed of fingers or sections, or studs or projections as in (10)
following; and formed in or on or near, one or both edges of rim, (one or both
edges of rim if tyre is to be detachable at both sides) or in any suitable position on
or in back or inside of rim; the opening of which may be towards the front,
sides, back, or inwards towards the spokes, or other suitable angle of rim, and
formed in or on rim by cutting, rolling, or otherwise moulding the material of the
rim itself, or by brazing, riviting, screwing, or otherwise fastening on to rim, a
metallic hoop or ring of the required shape, in one or more parts or sections,
detachable or otherwise, as in (11 and 12) to form said casing, bead, groove, recess
or channel; to or into which is secured the edge or edges of canvas or other
covering, or wings or flaps attached to tyres for securing them to rim, or edge or
border, metallic or otherwise, attached to such cover, wing or flap.
(2) On the edge of canvas or other cover is formed a casing, fold, or double
which when inserted through the annular opening or slit of casing of rim, is
expanded therein, by passing into it, through a gap, or gaps provided for the
purpose in the casing of rim, and an opening in the canvas, a cane, wire, wood or
other suitable packing, in one or more pieces, which effectually fastens canvas to
rim until such packing is withdrawn.
The other edge of canvas cover being fastened to opposite side of rim in a similar
or other manner.
(3) On the edge of canvas or other cover, is formed a round or other suitable
shaped bead, which when inserted into casing of rim, through its annular opening,
is retained therein, by also passing into said casing of rim, between its opening and.
the head attached to canvas, a wire, cane, or other suitable packing in one or more
pieces, which gluts or closes the opening and retains canvas to rim until such
packing is again removed.
The other edge being secured to opposite side of rim in a similar or other
manner.
(4) The canvas is prepared with a bead on edge, round or other shape; and in the
casing of rim, is placed a ring, in one or several pieces, round or other suitable

page_text: '
shape in section, metallic or otherwise, and capable of being drawn forward
towards the opening, after the bead attached to canvas is inserted, thereby pre-
venting the latter from withdrawing therefrom.
The other edge of canvas being fastened to opposite side of rim, in a similar or
other manner.
(5) The edge of canvas is prepared in a similar manner as the precedeing
instance, and in the casing of rim of round C or other suitable section, is placed
a circle of ferrules or tubes, of a somewhat similar section, and of such a length,
according to the size of the circle or wheel, as to allow of them turning, or
revolveing, a sufficient amount in, and having an opening, to correspond with the
opening of casing containing them; the openings of casing, and ferrules being fair,
and the edge or bead attached to canvas inserted, the ferrules are revolved. or
turned down, across the opening of casing, retaining the bead attached to canvas
therein.
(6) A half round or other shaped bead in section, is formed on the edge of
canvas, by placeing lengths of cane, or other material, into a casing or fold on the
edge of canvas; which, when inserted on its edge or thinnest way, into casing of
rim, is turned on its side, or wide way, across opening by pulling canvas, and
retained in position, by the pressure of air, in tyre when inflated.
The other edge of canvas, fastened in a similar manner.
(7) The edge of canvas is prepared with a bead, or ring of dove-tail, V, or other
shaped section, which when inserted into a similar shaped casing, or groove of rim,
and also inserting, packing beside it, is secured therein, when canvas, is drawn
tight.
The other edge of canvas fastened in a similar manner.
(8) To the canvas is attached an or hook shaped edge; and in casing of rim,
is placed a ring which engages with the hook edge of canvas, and drawn forward
towards the opening when canvas is drawn tight, thereby securing canvas to rim.
(9) To edge of canvas cover is attached, a double metallic edge or border; and
in the casing of rim, is a ring, capable of being drawn, or pushed forward, between
the double edge, or border attached to canvas, when the latter is inserted into
casing of rim, thereby seperating or expanding it in said casing, and firmly securing
it thereto.
The other edge of canvas fastened in a similar manner.
(10) On the inside or back of rim, at any suitable distance from the edge,
running round with the circumference, is raised or fixed, an L or hook shaped
flange or projection turned inwards towards the spokes; and at any suitable
distance, farther in towards the spokes, on rim, is raised or fixed, a number of studs
or projections, whose sides faceing outwards, or away from the spokes, are undercut
or overbang. The edge of canvas being brought over edge of rim, and over and
under, edge of first mentioned flange, is secured therein, by slips or packing pressed
between it, and the studs, or projections mentioned.
(11) On the inside, or back of rim, at any suitable distance from the edge, is
raised or fixed, anor hook shaped flange or projection, turned inwards towards
the spokes, running all round inside of rim, having an opening or openings, which
are crossed, by the ends passing cach other like a spiral; the canvas having al
corresponding ring, or flange, attached to its edge, which being placed along-side,
or back, to back, with that on the rim, is secured thereto, by passing over them,
a C shaped, (or shape to correspond with the shape of the two flanges, when
brought together, in section,) metallic casing in one or more lengths..
(12) On the edge of canvas, is formed, a bead or flange metallic or otherwise;
and on the inside or back of rim, near the edge, is fixed a number of studs or pro-
jections; the inside of edge of rim, being grooved or countersunk; a thin metallic
hoop or ring, which fits inside of edge of rin, having a flange, turned outwards on
one edge, and a groove, made in the inside angle, formed by said flange, into which
is placed, the beading or flange of canvas; the hoop being placed in rim is held
therein by means of shaped gaps or notches made in the inside edge of same,"
1

page_text: which engages with the studs attached to rim, thereby securing bead attached to
canvas into groove or countersink of edge of rim, and groove in hoop.
The canvas mentioned throughout; to mean the canvas or other covering, or
wings or flaps of any material, attached to tyres for secureing them to rim.
Dated this 13th day of January 1892.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres for Cycles and the like.
I, ALEXANDER NICHOLSON, Engineer of 52 Mary Street, in the City and
County of Dublin Ireland, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
}
This invention for improvements in pneumatic tires for cycles and the like has
for its object to fix the tires in such manner that they can readily be detached for
repair or insertion of spokes and again secured without the aid of special appliances
whilst maintaining a neat and finished appearance and being thoroughly effective;
and consists essentially in forming the rim of the wheel with two tubes, grooves or
channels extending one on either side round the rim and each having a narrow slit
or opening into the tube groove or channel also extending round the rim; and in
forming the two edges of the canvas covering the outer surface of the ordinary air
tube and to which the tread is attached with beads or ridges or lips so that they
can readily be expanded to form beads or ridges; and in securing the two edges in
the tubes grooves or channels by passing them when collapsed through the slits or
openings into the grooves or channels and expanding them by means of a solid
material so that they are firmly held in the tube by a direct pull produced by
inflating the ordinary air tube.
In the accompanying two sheets of illustrative drawings,
Figure is a side elevation of a pneumatic tyre arranged and constructed
according to this invention.
Figure 2 is a cross section of the same.
Figure 3 is a cross section showing the position of the parts before the tyre is
completely secured.
The rim a is formed with two tubes bb extending round the rim one on either
side and provided with narrow slits e opening into the tubes and extending round
the rim. The canvas cover d to which is attached the rubber tread e is then laid
in the groove of the rim and afterwards one edge, which is formed as a seam or
fold is inserted through the slit c into the tube 6 and is expanded by means of a
wire, cane, or other suitable core f so as to prevent it being again drawn out
through the slit c. The air tube is then placed in position and connected to the
inflating valve and the other edge of the canvas cover d is then passed through the
slit c into the groove bland.expanded as above described. The air tube g is then
inflated and draws the edges of the canvas cover firmly against the internal surfaces
of the tubes and thus secures them in position. A suitable arrangement for
inserting the cores f is shown at h. A portion of the rubber tread e is pushed up
or back from the cover d and at this point a portion of the fold of the cover is
removed as shown at i. Also the rim is provided with a notch and with a slot n
for securing a tongue m on the tread e when the edge has been expanded.
Preferably the core is inserted in two parts passing in either direction from
the point until they meet at the diametrically opposite point. The opening i is
then covered by the flaps o and p which are secured by passing the hook m through
the slot n in the tyre. The core f is provided with a notch or loop by means of
which it can be withdrawn when desired.
The arrangements for increasing and expanding by means of a solid material

page_text: when situated in the tubes bb can be modified in various ways without departing
from the nature of this invention and the tube can have any convenient shape in
cross section and can be formed on or secured to the rim in any convenient manner.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said.inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. In a pneumatic tire securing the cover, protecting the air tube and to which
is attached the rubber tread, to the rim of a wheel by means of beads or ridges on
its edges and of tubes grooves or channels formed on or secured to the rim and
provided with slits extending round the rim and in which the edges of the cover
are retained the collapsed edges of the cover being inserted into the tubes and
then expanded by means of a suitable solid material to prevent them from being
drawn out on the inflation of the air tube, the whole substantially as described.
2. The arrangement of pneumatic tyres substantially as described with reference
to the drawings.
Dated this 14th day of October 1892.
WHEATLEY & MACKENZIE,
40, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agents.