Improvements in Hydraulic Accumulators, and in Apparatus for Multiplying Hydraulic Pressure.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Oct., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 29th July, 1895-Accepted, 31st Aug., 1895
Improvements in Hydraulic Accumulators, and in Apparatus for
Multiplying Hydraulic Pressure.
I, GEORGE FLETCHER, of Masson and Atlas Works, Litchurch, in the County
of Derby, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to apparatus for transforming a relatively low hydraulic
pressure into a higher pressure.
In carrying out my invention I provide combined high and low pressure
cylinders carried on a common base, the high pressure cylinder being of con-
siderable thickness to resist high pressures. Within these combined cylinders work
a ram and piston preferably made in one piece, a U-shaped packing leather being
arranged around the ram and a cup leather held by a plate around the piston.
To the piston has attached to it a rod passing through a gland in the cover
of the low pressure cylinder and supported by a guide at its outer end. A handle
on the said rod serving as an index to show the positions of the piston and ram in
the combined cylinders and to facilitate their removal when desired.
The space between the piston and the high pressure cylinder is in communication
with the atmosphere to relieve the piston of any cushion of air and to drain off any
water which may leak into the said space.
The ram oylinder is connected by a flange to suitable piping conveying the
power to the locality where it is desired to be used, for instance to the caps holding
the shaft journals of rolls in sugar cane crushing mills, the said caps having
hydraulic rams of similar size and design to the ram of the multiplier whereby the
same pressure being maintained and controlled over the roll hearing journals
throughout the mill, and the whole is capable of being adjusted to whatever
pressure may be desired, an excessive quantity of material passing between the
rolls only causing the accumulator to rise and fall again, while the material passes
harmlessly without causing a breakdown.
A reservoir of power in the form of an accumulator is attached to the large or
low pressure cylinder, by means of a pipe the pressure being controlled by a valve
and a safety valve is applied upon the low pressure cylinder.
Both the high pressure cylinder and the low pressure cylinder are filled by a
pump with water at opposite ends, through the pipes and valves.
The power stored by the accumulator is transmitted to the surface of the low
pressure piston and in proportion as this piston is larger in area than the area of
the ram so will the pressure be multiplied and again sent on with the increase of
pressure to the hydraulic rams behind the mill roll bearings.
The pipes connecting the flange to the rams in the mill roll caps bave small
valves to allow all air to escape, also a suitable gauge for hydraulic pressures
situated in a convenient position close to the multiplier.
On the accumulator is placed a small air valve, the conuection penetrating to the
highest point under the gland of the vertical water cylinder to allow all air_to
escape.
An india rubber buffer is provided to meet a sudden descent of the load.
The moveable part of the accumulator carrying the weights consists of a top cap
and a bottom plate tied together at the four corners by long bolts and nuts.
The top cap with the load attached is raised by a piston rod, the four rods
passing through a top fixed guide standing on the vertical water cylinder. The
Pie77

page_text: bottom plate is guided by the vertical cylinder. A small valve serves to drain out
the water from the accumulator and low pressure cylinder and another valve serves
for emptying the pipes.
Dated the 29th day of October 1894.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in Hydraulic Accumulators, and in Apparatus for
Multiplying Hydraulic Pressure.
I, GEORGE FLETCHER, of Masson and Atlas Works, Litchurch, in the County
of Derby, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to apparatus for transforming a relatively low hydraulic
pressure into a higher pressure.
In carrying out my invention I provide combined high and low pressure
cylinders carried on a common base, the high pressure cylinder being of con-
siderable thickness to resist high pressures. Within these combined cylinders
work a ram and piston preferably made in one piece, a U-shaped packing leather
being arranged around the ram and a cup leather held by a plate around the
piston.
The piston bas attached to it a rod passing through a gland in the cover of the
low pressure cylinder and supported by a guide at its outer end, a handle on the
said rod serving as an index to shew the positions of the piston and ram in
the combined cylinders and to facilitate their removal when desired.
The space between the piston and the high pressure cylinder is in communication
with the atmosphere to relieve the piston of any cushion of air and to drain off any
water which may leak into the said space.
The ram cylinder is connected by a flange to suitable piping conveying the
power to the locality where it is desired to be used, for instance to the caps holding
the shaft journals of rolls in sugar cane crushing mills, the said caps having
bydraulic rams of similar size and design to the ram of the multiplier whereby the
same pressure is maintained and controlled over the roll bearing journals
throughout the mill, and the whole is capable of being adjusted to whatever
pressure may be desired, an excessive quantity of material passing between the
rolls only causing the accumulator to rise and fall again, while the material passes
harmlessly without causing a breakdown.
A reservoir of power in the form of an accumulator is attached to the large or
low pressure cylinder, by means of a pipe, in which is inserted a drain-valve, and a
safety-valve is applied upon the low pressure cylinder.
Both the high pressure cylinder and the low pressure cylinder are filled by a
pump with water at opposite ends, through the pipes and valves.
The power stored by the accumulator is transmitted to the surface of the low
pressure piston and then by the ram to the hydraulic rams behind the mill roll
bearings, or other locality where desired, and in proportion as the piston is larger
in area than the ram so will the pressure per unit of area transmitted by the latter
be greater than the pressure per unit of area on the piston.
The pipes connecting the flange to the rams in the mill roll caps have small
valves to allow all air to escape, also a suitable gauge for hydraulic pressures
situated in a convenient position close to the multiplier.
On the accumulator is placed a small air valve, the connection. penetrating to

page_text: the highest point under the gland of the vertical water cylinder to allow all air to
escape. An india-rubber buffer is provided to meet a sudden descent of the load.
The movable part of the accumulator carrying the weights consists of a top cap
and a bottom plate tied together at the four corners by long bolts and nuts.
The top cap with the load attached is raised by a piston rod, the four tie bolts
passing through a top fixed guide standing on the vertical water cylinder. The
bottom plate is guided by the vertical cylinder. A small valve serves to drain out
the water from the accumulator and low pressure cylinder and another valve serves
for emptying the pipes.
To enable my invention to be fully understood I will describe the same by
reference to the accompanying drawings, in which :-
Figure 1 is a sectional plan of the multiplier and a plan of the accumulator:
Figure 2 is an end elevation of the multiplier and accumulator :
Figure 3 is a side elevation of the multiplier.
A represents the combined high and low pressure cylinders, and B the ram and
piston made in one piece and working in the same, a U-shaped packing leather
being arranged around the ram and a cup leather held by a plate around the piston
as clearly seen in Figure 1.
C is the index rod attached to the large or piston end of the combined ram and
piston, the said rod C passing through the cylinder cover D and being provided
with the handle or slide E which works on the guide Fattached to the cylinder
cover D and indicates at a glance the position of the combined piston and ram
inside the cylinders and also facilitates their removal from the same."
G is the opening at the bottom of the cylinder which places the space between
the piston and the high pressure cylinder in communication with the atmosphere to
drain off any leakage of water or accumulation of air. Hand J are two outlets in
communication with the atmosphere, H being designed to conduct water and J to
conduct air from the U-shaped packing leather surrounding the ram.
K is the flange on the small or rain cylinder cover connected to suitable piping
for conveying the power to the locality desired as above described, the said piping
being advantageously provided with an escape valve for the air.
L is a pressure
gauge and M a safety valve on the cylinder A.
The two ends of the multiplier cylinder, that is to say, the high and low pressure
cylinders are connected by means of pipes X', V₁ to a hand or other suitable pump,
the said pipes being provided with valves X and V.
The accumulator, which is in communication with the low pressure cylinder, is of
light design and construction and comprises a long vertical cast iron or other
suitable cylinder O into the bottom end of which water is pumped and which
contains the ram P the top end of which passes through a gland at the top of the
cylinder O. Q is the top cap or rain head and R the bottom plate tied to the ram
head at the four corners by the long bolts R¹ held by nuts, the said bolts passing
through the fixed guide S at the top of the vertical cylinder O. W, W are the
movable weights for altering the pressure exerted by the accumulator and
preferably consist as shewn in Figure 2 of thin plates carried by the bottom
plate R.
The bottom plate R and the plates W, W slide on the cylinder O when the
ram 'rises and falls.
T is a valve designed to relieve the accumulator column of any accumulation of
air, the pipe from the same reaching to the highest point under the gland of the
cylinder O, and U is an india-rubber or other suitable buffer adapted to counteract
the effect of a sudden descent of the accumulator load.
The accumulator being in communication with the low pressure cylinder and the
low pressure cylinder with the hand or other pump, it is evident that when the
valve V is opened the accumulator can be pumped up to the top of its course and
kept suspended by closing the said valve V, so that it transmits the necessary
pressure to the locality required through the inedium of the piston and ram B as
herein before described.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
olaim is :-
1. In a pressure multiplier having high and low pressure pistons preferably made
in one piece an index rod connected to the large or low pressure piston and passing
through the corresponding cylinder cover, the outer end of the said rod being
provided with a handle or slide adapted to move over a guide for the purpose of
indicating the exact position of the pistons in the combined cylinder, substantially
as hereinbefore described.
2. The combination with a pressure multiplier of the kind described in Claim 1
of the improved accumulator herein before described and illustrated in Figures 1
and 2 of the drawings.
3. The improved arrangement of accumulator, pressure multiplier and pump
herein before described and illustrated in Figures 1 to 3 of the drawings.
Dated this 29th day of July 1895
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.