Process and Apparatus for Punching or Stamping Out Glass Articles:
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Feb., 1899-Accepted, 8th Apr., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Process and Apparatus for Punching or Stamping Out Glass Articles:
I, PAUL THEODOR SIEVERT, of 43, Eisenstuckstrasse, Dresden, in the Empire
of Germany, Glass Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The patents obtained by me, and bearing date respectively October 6th 1892,
No. 17848, and May 11th 1893, No. 9466, relate to a process for stamping or
punching out glass articles from a plastic layer of glass, by means of sharpened
punches or dies, and the separation of the stamped-out objects which are united
in the glass plate or layer, by grinding away the back of the plate. Hitherto, a
perfect and thorough stamping and punching out of the separate objects or
articles, by the processes in use, has been unattainable, as the sharp edges of the
punches and dies used against the metal bed plate were rapidly destroyed.
By the process constituting the subject matter of the present invention, a per-
fect stamping-out of the objects is attained. This I effect by the employment,
in place of a metal bed plate, of a mat or bed of soft fibrous material, preferably
kept damp or moist, as is described in my English Patent dated July 6/98, 14873,
for the manufacture of glass plates.
This fibrous mat I make preferably of asbestos, and place it upon a metal plate
pierced with holes, and forming the cover of a water-tight chamber.
Into this chamber, water is introduced, and passed through the holes in the
cover to the fibrous material. Or, instead of water, steam may be used, which
condenses in the asbestos mat. If a sufficient quantity of moisture penetrates
the fibrous mat, and if the sharp outline edges of the dies or punches are pressed
against and into the plastic glass mass laid on the mat, not only can the articles
be stamped or punched out of the glass without injury to the sharp edges of the
punches or dies, but there will be a squeezing out of moisture from the asbestos,
by reason of the pressure caused by the dies. This water will be evaporated by
the heat of the molten or plastic glass mass, and the steam will cause a bulging
up of the glass within the dividing lines of the punch or die. Consequently, the
punched-out articles will be concave below and convex above, as is the case in
the process of glass blowing according to the Specification of my Patent No. 223
of 1895. The principal advantages of this process are the saving in glass and in
the cost of grinding away the connecting glass film or ribs at the back of the
slab. The bulging up of the plastic glass mass, outside of the outlines of the
punches or dies, does not injure or prejudice the formation of the desired convex
objects.
In the accompanying drawing, a sample apparatus for carrying out this pro-
cess is illustrated.
A is a watertight chamber closed by a pierced plate A¹. On this perforated
surface, lies the fibrous mat b. c is the molten or plastic glass mass, spread or
laid thereon. Into the chamber a, water or steam is admitted. The pressure of
the fluid in the cavity can be regulated by the cocks or valves de. n is the

page_text: punch or die, and mm are the cutting edges thereof. When the sharp edges m
of the punch or die n cut through the plastic glass mass to, or, partly through, the
asbestos mat b, steam pressure from below the stamped-out objects oo bulges
them up, and makes them concave below and convex above.
The plastic glass mass can be smoothed or evened down before the operation of
punching or stamping, by the application of plate or roller pressure.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. The process of stamping or punching out glass objects from a plastic glass
sheet, by the employment, under the plastic glass, of a yielding and moist fibrous
mat, which gives off steam generated by the heat of the glass from the water
absorbed by the mat, and thus causes bulging or blowing up of the plastic glass
sheet under the die or punch, and between its cutting edges.
2. The employment, for the proper application of the process described in.
Claim 1, of a fibrous mat or underlay b (preferably kept moist), laid on the per-
forated top of a chamber a, on which mat or underlay b a plastic glass mass or
or sheet is laid or rolled, for the purpose of stamping or punching out com-
pletely from the plastic glass, objects which by the steam pressure from below,
assunies a form convex above and concave below.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: the diameter of the plates and saucers to be accommodated, so as to bring their
centres into one straight line. The pivot of the side frame 63 is set also in line
with the plate centres, so that it can readily move around the circumference
of the plates, from its extreme position in one position to its extreme position in
the other. In Fig. 4, the drawn position of the side frame 3 is that which it
occupies when the rack is removed from the box for packing or unpacking the
plates. The dotted lines show the frame 63 in position for holding the plates
when the rack is in the box.
6, 6, are a pair of metal springs carried by the uprights b. These springs
act as handles for the rack, and as retaining devices for the latter when in
engagement with the catches b³, b, in the box A (see Fig. 2).
Above the rack B, fits the tray C (see Fig. 6), carrying the cups and vege-
table dishes, as indicated.
The back portion of the box, behind the vertical guides a a, is occupied by
the tray D (Figs. 9 and 10), the tumbler and wine glass box E (Fig. 5), the
finger glass tray F (Figs. 11 and 12), and cutlery tray G (Figs. 7 and 8), arranged
preferably in the order shewn in Fig. 1. It will be understood that padding
is applied to these receptacles, so that when placed one over the other, the
articles contained are held firmly in place, and the whole retained by the padded
lid A. One of the guides is notched transversely, as indicated at Fig. 1,
to receive the feet of egg cups H. The glass box E (Fig. 5), besides having the
tumblers arranged side by side in wooden racks, and wine glasses set in notches
which hold their feet, is fitted with a compartment e for cork-screws, tin-openers,
&c., to which compartment the board el forms a close cover. The compart-
ment es, including the part behind the cover e¹, furnishes a convenient place for
leathers and glass cloths, which will serve to hold the wine glasses firmly in
position. is a place for spare carvers or other articles not otherwise provided
with space. The cutlery tray G needs but little description, as the arrange-
ment of spoons, forks, and knives of various sizes, is sufficiently apparent from
Fig. 7 of the drawings. The knives are preferably arranged handle to blade,
as shewn, to economize space.
Between the base 6 of the plate rack B and the front of the tray, F, there is
space enough to accommodate, on the floor of the box, a cruet stand and a toast
rack. These are not shewn in the drawings however. They may be retained in
position by means of under-cut wooden strips, beneath which their feet are
stepped.
All the receptacles and their contents being so fitted to the box as to engage
therewith, or to be secured therein by reason of their position with regard
to one and another, they are capable of being removed or replaced with the
utmost facility and despatch.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said in-
vention an in what manner the same is to be performed (as communicated to
me from abroad), I declare that what I claim is:-
1. A picnic box constructed, arranged, and fitted substantially as described
with reference to the accompanying drawings.
2. In boxes of the description above mentioned, a plate rack comprising a
base, a fixed side frame, and a side frame movable on a pivot constructed and
operating substantially as herein above set forth.
Dated this 26th day of May 1899.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.