Improvements in connection with Spindles and the Driving of the same by Electricity.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Aug., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 11th May, 1900-Accepted, 28th July, 1900
Improvements in connection with Spindles and the Driving of the
same by Electricity.
A communication from abroad by HENRY B. SAWYER, of Newton, County of
Middlesex, State of Massachusetts, United States of America, and RUSSELL
ROBB, of Concord, County of Middlesex, State of Massachusetts, United
States of America.
I, JAMES GRIEVE LORRAIN, M.I.E.E., M.I.Mech.E., of Norfolk House, Norfolk
Street, London, W.C., in the County of Middlesex, Chartered Patent Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention (as communicated to me from
abroad) to be as follows:-
The invention relates to electrically driven spindles and consists in the pro-
duction of a form of alternating current motor of the induction type, so constructed
as to have the necessary strength and capacity for driving an individual spindle
and the efficiency necessary to insure its economical operation, while, further-
more, the invention also comprises certain arrangements in the application of
the motor to the spindle whereby the spindle, when relieved from the band-pull,
heretofore present in the usual method of operation, will remain properly
balanced, so as to operate at the desired high speed and will also have its speed
automatically adjusted according to the diameter of the bobbin and the strength
of the thread with relation to the strain upon it.
The invention moreover involves a brake for each spindle and its attached'
rotor, while there is also provided a brake for the main motor which drives
the feed rolls. Both of these brakes are preferably operated by the same means
which serve to control the electric circuit to the motors. Finally, the invention
comprises certain details of construction by which the motor is suitably protected
and guarded.
In the operation of spindles it is necessary that all those upon one frame
shall operate at substantially a uniform speed with respect to each other and,
while such speed has heretofore been practically constant, the invention pro-
vides, as will be hereinafter explained, for a slight automatic change in the
speed as the diameter of the wound bobbin increases. For securing this
uniformity of speed, there is applied to each of the separate spindles a small
alternating current motor, of the induction type, whose speed is determined
principally by the rate of alternation in the delivery of current, but which in
the invented construction is also affected by the character given to the motor
itself. A motor suitable for driving a spindle is necessarily a very small one
and heretofore no motor has been constructed which, within the permissible
dimensions, has either the capacity or the efficiency to render its use with a
spindle possible. To overcome this difficulty, the invention provides a motor
of the described type, having a cylindrical armature or rotating element sur-
rounding the base of the spindle just above the supporting rail and adjacent

page_text: "
to the spindle bearings. This element is composed of thin plates Ol'
laminations and preferably has a series of conducting rods embedded
in its surface and forming a closed circuit, in which, in the usual
way, there is induced by the field magnet a magnetizing current. This
part of the motor, whether it be regarded as an armature or as a field
magnet, will be designated as the rotor," to distinguish it from the stationary
element which will be designated as the "stator." "The latter element consists
of a laminated ring surrounding the rotor and presenting a series of inwardly
projecting pole pieces between which are wound the energizing coils, in planes
radial to the centre of rotation. The rotor will be separated from the stator
by a space greater than would ordinarily be provided in a motor of this size
and description, in order to permit of the gyratory movement of the spindle
and its attached rotor in the bearings provided therefor. This space, moreover,
between rotor and stator is preferably greater at the upper side than the lower
side, one of the elements having a conically formed surface, with the greater
diameter uppermost, to accommodate the greater range of gyratory movement of
those portions more distant from the step-bearing, which is the centre of gyration.
This construction permits the spindle and the rotor to run free at the highest
speed, while the location of the comparatively heavy cylindrical rotor at a point
adjacent to the step-bearing which upholds the spindle and rotor from below
affords a perfect balance for the spindle when relieved from the band-pull present
in the present method of spindle driving, and reduces the side friction on the
bolster bearing to the minimum. A further advantage of this arrangement is
that, while a complete electric motor, including both a stationary and a rotating
member, has been added to the spindle, it is the rotating member only that
partakes of the gyratory movement. Thus the minimum weight of material
is gyrated with the minimum gyratory inertia, and moreover such movement
is not transmitted through running bearings. as would be the case if the stator
and rotor were both flexibly mounted so as to gyrate together, an arrangement
which would be required if the ordinary fixed alignment of rotor and stator
and the restricted air gap between them were preserved.
Moreover, in a ring spinning frame the amount of twist in the yarn, and con-
sequently to a certain extent the strength of the yarn is less when the diameter
of the bobbin is small, while, at the same time, the tension imposed by the
traveller is greater because the pull of the yarn on the traveller, when the
bobbin is small, is more nearly in a radial and less in a tangential direction
than when the diameter of the bobbin is larger. Consequently. it is desirable
that the speed of the spindle, with relation to the speed of the feed rolls, should
be greater when the diameter of the hobbin is small than when it is large.
Heretofore it has been customary to provide for this by increasing the speed
of the feed-roll as the diameter of the bobbin increases, while leaving the spindle
speed unchanged. This has reduced to some extent the possible speed of
operation and out-put of the frame, since the speed of the front roll, which
delivers the yarn, must be less at first than the normal and only attains its
maximum when the bobbin is full. The present invention, on the contrary,
provides a constant maximum speed for the delivery rolls and so constructs
the operating motors that the slip of the rotor. or its variation from the normal
speed of polar rotation in the stator, shall increase with the increase in the
diameter of the wound bobbin. In this way the spindle speed will decrease
slightly as the bobbin fills up and the twist of the yarn and its strength can
be always nearly proportional to the tension of the traveller thereon. This
adjustment will not only be automatic, but will be always adapted to the require-
ments of each spindle, whereas in prior methods it has only been possible to
effect an adjustment for all the spindles of any one frame as a whole, without
regard to the condition of individual spindles.
There is also provided a series of spindles, two guard plates upon the opposite
sides thereof respectively which completely cover over and enclose the motors,

page_text: This fully protects the motors from lint, dirt and oil, and, at the same time,
acts as a doffing guard to prevent the lifting of the spindle and rotor as the
bobbins are removed.
Referring to the accompanying drawings;
Fig. 1 is a vertical diametrical section of a spindle with its operating motor
and bearings;
Fig. 2 is a plan of the motor partly in section;
Fig. 3 shows a modification of the stator;
Fig. 4 shows the connections for two or more motors on a single frame;
Figs. 5 and 6 illustrate the arrangement of the guard plates;
Figs. 7, 8, 9 and 10 show the arrangement of brakes and controlling switches
for the main frame motor driving the feed rolls and for the spindle motors.
In these drawings A represents a spindle which carries a bobbin B. R is a.
supporting rail of a spinning frame, upon which is seated a standard S, in
which are contained the bearings for the spindles. These spindles and bearings
may be constructed on any of the present well known methods. Those shown
herein consist, first, of a step-bearing L, which receives on its upper surface the
lower extremity of the spindle A, and, second, of a tubular bolster bearing M
within the standard and surrounding the lower part of the spindle, preferably
separated from the standard by a surrounding layer of felt N, or other vielding
material, which will permit of a slight movement of the bearing with relation
to the standard. The step-bearing L is adjustable vertically with relation to
the bolster bearing and the degree of pressure of the spindle on the bolster
bearing may be adjusted by raising or lowering the step-bearing, by screwing
it into or out of the opening in the lower end of the tubular bolster, the screw
connection being somewhat loose so as not to interfere with the oscillation of
the spindle and bolster. This adjustment may be automatically determined in
a well known manner, not requiring detailed explanation, by means of a spring T,
adjusted to yield at a given degree of friction, and thus vary the relation of the
step-bearing to the bolster. With this arrangement, it will be obvious that
the spindle when rotating at high speed will have a slight gyratory movement
centered on the lower extremity of the spindle resting on the step-bearing. The
standard aforesaid extends through the rail R and is seated thereon, being held
in position by a nut on the under side, while an oil duct X is extended through
the standard from an outside point and delivers oil to the interior of the
bolster bearing by suitable openings therein, whence it works down to the step-
bearing. Above the upper edge of the tubular standard there is attached to
the spindle a conical sleeve 0, extending downward around the standard, but
free therefrom, and carrying a cup F, if desired, for receiving the lower end of
bobbin B. To this sleeve, at a point above the rail R, and yet as close as feasible
to the step-bearing L. which is the gyratory centre of the spindle, there is
attached the rotor K of an electric motor, consisting of a series of plates or
laminations, making up a cylindrical body of soft iron, having considerable
weight with relation to the weight of the spindle itself and the bobbin carried
thereby. This will bring the centre of gravity of the rotating parts as close
as possible to the step-bearing, although still being above that bearing, and,
in consequence, the balance of the rotating parts will be maintained and the
friction between the bolster bearing and the spindle will be reduced to the
minimum. Around the periphery of the motor and parallel with the axis thereof.
are arranged a series of conducting rods K' embedded in the laminations and
connected at top and bottom by discs, concentric with and of the same diameter,
as the rotor itself. Those conductors form a closed circuit, in which an ener
gizing current will be induced by the action of the stator. The latter, G, is
made in the form of a ring completely surrounding the rotor, but separated
therefrom by a space somewhat greater than would be ordinarily provided for
a motor of this size, in order to permit of the gyratory movement of the spindle

page_text: and rotor. The stator is preferably supported on the standard S, which carries
the spindle bearings, by intervening blocks 2 of non-magnetic material, which
prevent short circuiting of the magnetism. The attachment of the stator to
the spindle base, instead of the rail or other part of the frame, allows of a more
accurate adjustment of the parts and permits of the attachment of a completed
and properly adjusted spindle combined with its motor to any existing form of
frame without special adaptation. The stator is provided with a series or inwardly
projecting pole pieces and between these pole pieces the coils are wound in
planes radial to the centre of the spindle. This arrangement permits of the
utilization of the available space for iron and wire, except such as is necessarily
utilized for the gyratory movement and such complete utilization is necessary
in order to overcome the disadvantage presented by the unusual air gap between
stator and rotor, if the motor is to have a capacity and efficiency such as is
necessary for practical economical operation.
As appears in Figure 1, this air gap is greater at the upper side of the armature
than at the lower side, the difference being exaggerated somewhat in the figure.
This is due to the fact that the centre of gyration, being the lower extremity
of the spindle, the extent to which the spindle and rotor will deviate from the
normal central position is greater as the radial distance from such centre
increases. Therefore, in order to accurately accomodate the gyratory move-
ment, the air gap must be greater in proportion to the radial distance from
the lower extremity of the spindle.
The arrangement of the coils, and pole pieces in the stator is illustrated in
detail in Fig. 2, which will be understood from the explanation already given.
In this figure the connection of the stator coils is also illustrated, the motor
being shown as provided with four sets of coils, each set containing three
individual coils and being connected in pairs, in the usual manner, to the two
respective branches of a two-phase alternating current circuit. Thus, coils 1, 2
and 3 make up one set, which is connected in series with the opposite set,
composed of coils 7, 8 and 9 between the wires ab on one side of the circuit;
and the set composed of the coils 4, 5 and 6 is connected in series with the
set composed of the coils 10, 11 and 12 between the wires cd of the other side
of the circuit. It is also possible to employ four pole pieces, instead of twelve,
by arranging the coils as shown in Fig. 3. In this figure, the opposite coils
do not consist of sets comprising a number of individual sections, but are com-
plete in themselves, there being four coils,, C1, C2, C3 and C+. Two of these
coils, C and C+, are connected between the lines ab and the other two, C¹ and C³,
are connected between the lines c and d. In Fig. 4, a diagram of the
circuits is shown. It appears in this figure that for each frame there will be
provided a common set of conductors, ab and cd, whose connection with the
main line is controlled by a switch Z and the individual motors for the respective
spindles will be all connected in parallel to the conductors pertaining to the
frames on which the spindles are located. The coils of two such motors are
indicated in Fig. 4, as connected between the conductors ab and cd in the
manner already described.
Turning next to Fig. 5, E represents the delivery rolls from which the
yarn C passes, first to the traveller 1) on a ring D₁, carried by the ring rail T¹,
shown in the figure as in its lowest position, and thence to the bobbin B, whereon
it is wound and also twisted by the rotation of the spindle. It will be apparent
that when the bobbin is empty, as shown, or nearly so, the tension imposed
by the traveller is greater than it is when the bobbin is fully wound, or nearly
so, since the thread draws the traveller around the ring by pulling thereon in
a direction which is more nearly a radial direction when the bobbin is small
and becomes more nearly a tangential direction when the bobbin is large. The
greater tension thus imposed by the traveller requires a somewhat stronger
thread, which may be had by giving it a greater number of twists per inch.
Heretofore the feed rolls E have sometimes been arranged to deliver yarn at

page_text: a somewhat speed as the diameter of the bobbin is increased, leaving the
spindle speed constant and thereby giving to the thread a less number of twists
per inch delivered or, to state it reversely, delivering more inches of yarn for
à given number of twists. This has reduced somewhat the output of a spinning
frame as the rolls deliver at the maximum rate only when the bobbins are
full.
The present invention provides a constant maximum speed of the delivery
rolls E and provides for a somewhat greater spindle speed when the bobbin is
small, so as to give at that time the additional number of twists per inch of
the thread, and moreover, it provides that this speed shall be automatically
adjusted, not only for the spindles of any one frame as a whole, but also for
the individual spindles themselves. This is accomplished by constructing the
motor so that the slip between rotor and stator shall give a definite decrease"
in speed as the spindie becomes loaded, this decrease being in the ratio of the
desired decrease in the number of twists per inch of thread, which it is desired
to secure or, to state it conversely, the greater speed when the bobbin is small
is in the ratio of the desired greater number of twists which it is desired to
give to the thread at that time. It is to be understood that the invention is
not limited to any particular form of induction motor, or to any particular form
and arrangement of the spindle and its bearings, since it is believed to be wholly
novel to combine a front roll of a spinning frame and a spindle receiving
thread therefrom, with an electric motor for driving the spindle, which is of
the induction type, wherein the speed is not dependent entirely upon the rate
of alternations in the supply circuit.
Another feature of the invention is particularly illustrated in Figs. 1, 5
and G. Underneath the ring rail, and above the motor, are placed the guard
plates and W, the former being U-shaped in cross section and hinged to the
frame of the machine at a, and the latter being an angle strip hinged to the
frame at b. These guard plates, as shown in Fig. 6 are of a length sufficient
to cover two or more spindles and, when turned back on their hinges a and b,
they take the position shown in the dotted lines of Fig. 5. The adjacent
edges of these plates are provided with semi-circular notches at intervals, as
shown in Fig. 6, which register and form circular openings, through which
the spindles pass, and with catches 12 for holding them in place. It is convenient
to have a single pair of guide plates include seven or eight spindles, but this
number may be increased or diminished without departing from the principle
of a common guard for a plurality of spindles. The guard plate V is enlarged
and differently shaped, as compared with the guard W, for the purpose of
enclosing therein the oil tube X, through which the motor and spindle bearings
are lubricated. These guards serve to entirely close the motor, with its bearings
and lubricating devices, so as to protect them against lint, dust, and
any external
interference, while it serves particularly as a step for holding the spindle and
rotor in place when the bobbin is doffed."
"
It should be added that the above described arrangement for the graduation
automatically of the motor and spindle speed, to a degree commensurate with
the decrease of twist necessary, is of particular advantage in connection with
the provision of individual driving mechanism for the respective spindles.
Since the winding of all the bobbins may not begin at the same instant and
may not be carried on at exactly the same rate in each case, by reason of
stoppages, or other incidents, at particular spindles, it becomes important, in
connection with the constant speed provided by the front roll of all the spindles,
to have the adjustment or graduation above referred to take place at each
spindle, independently of the others. Hence the individual capacity of the
respective spindles for adjustment in speed is an advantage additional to the
general advantage residing in the adjustment itself.
In the operation of spindles thus driven it has been found, that, by reason
of the weight of the rotor and the fineness of the spindle bearings, the spindles

page_text: cannot be stopped at once by shutting off the current from the bank of spindle-
driving motors, but that even after the current is withdrawn, they will continue
to run by reason of their momentum, and, if the separate motor which drives
the feed rolls has its current cut off at the same time, it will no longer cause
the feed rolls to deliver the yarn at a proper rate to correspond with the decreas-
.ing speed of the spindles and moreover the spindles themselves, when running
by momentum only, will not revolve at the same speed, but each take its own
speed dependent upon the condition of the bearings and other individual
characteristics.
In consequence the yarn will be broken at some or even all of the spindles.
It is also objectionable to have the feeding of the yarn continued after the
spindle has ceased to run at a speed adequate to give the desired twist to the
yarn.
Hence there is provided with the individual motors for the separate spindles
a single motor for driving the whole range of feed rolls, which motor is also
of the induction type with its rotary magnetic field controlled by the same
frequency of alternating current that is applied to the spindle motors, while the
gearing interposed between the driving shaft of this single motor and the feed
rolls is such as to give the latter their required rate of delivery with respect
to the spindles.
There is furthermore provided a brake for the feed roll motor, also a series
of brakes for the respective spindle motors and a common operating device for
all of these brakes, so that by the movement of a single controlling device
which also opens the circuit the entire mechanism may be stopped promptly
and, moreover, the individual spindles and the feed rolls will be brought to
a standstill at substantially the same moment.
More particularly the spindle brakes are all attached to a common rock shaft
or other operating element, so as to work at the same instant and are preferably
applied to the spindles in a vertical direction to lift them positively from their
bearings, so that the bearings do not receive the braking pressure and their
inertia is expended in friction due to the spindle riding on the supporting brake.
By this means the spindles may be all stopped at practically the same moment.
Referring to the drawing, Fig. 7, A is the bobbin of a spindle driven by
the rotor B attached directly to the spindle and rotating within a surrounding
stator C which is shown in cross section. This spindle is the end one of a series
arranged along the side of a spinning frame. 1) is the rail also shown in section,
upon which the bank of spindles is placed and is the base or standard which
receives the bearing of the spindle. F is the frame of the machine which is
shown broken away at a point opposite the end of the bank of spindles.
G represents the group of feed rolls from which the yarn is delivered to the
traveller H that directs it upon the bobbin A under tension. E is the slíaft
of the driving motor which carries a pinion a engaging with the larger gear
wheel which in turn carries the pinion b₁ engaging with a gear wheel c and
that in turn drives a pinion c¹ engaging with the transmitting gear wheel d.
There are two of these transmitting gear wheels and engaging with each
other, the latter driving the feed rolls G and the former a similar set of feed
rolls (not shown) on the opposite side of the spinning frame, the two sides of
the frame being duplicates of each other, each having its feed rolls and bank
of motor-driven spindles, although but one side of the frame is shown in the
drawing.
The transmitting wheel 3 engages with a gear wheel e directly upon the
shaft of the single feed roll and the latter is in the usual manner geared to
the remaining feed rolls of the group G.
A rock-shaft L is mounted in bearings adjacent to the bank of spindles as
is shown in Figure 7 and more clearly in Figure 8. As appears in the latter
figure the rock-shaft L may be split longitudinally and between the two halves
there may be clamped a series of brake fingers O, each one projecting horizontally

page_text: from shaft L to a point directly underneath the rotor B (Figures 7 and 10) of
each spindle motor respectively.
Referring to Figure 10 the details of the spindle brake will be understood.
In this figure P is the spindle to which the rotor B is attached through an
intervening sleeves and which is provided with the ordinary bolster-bearing
on its sides and with the ordinary step bearing at its lower end. It will be
evident that as the rock-shaft L is turned in the direction of the small arrow
the brake finger 0 will engage with the under side of the rotor B and lift it
vertically together with the attached spindle P', until the latter is lifted a slight
distance away from its step bearing t, it being free for this purpose to slide
vertically in the bolster bearing. The spindle may be lifted until the rotor B
strikes the stop C₁ attached to stator C or to the frame, and the rotor is thus
clamped between two braking surfaces, without however bringing a pressure
on the bearings, and is brought to a standstill.
Turning again to Figure 7 the rock-shaft L is provided with a lever-arm M
which terminates directly opposite a similar lever-arm M¹ reaching from the
corresponding rock-shaft (not shown) on the other side of the spinning frame.
From the adjoining ends of these two levers M and M¹ extend chains m and m¹
which unite in a single chain N that extends upward and takes a partial turn
around a shaft R being fastened thereto by an adjustable collar r. This shaft R
is provided with an operating handle S (Figures 7 and 8) and stands normally,
when the spindles are running, in the position shown in the drawings, being
held therein by a catch or by friction which in this case has been found sufficient
and which is preferable since it may be desirable to extend shaft R or the
handle S along the spinning frame so that it may be operated from any point
where the operator may be standing and in that event it might be inexpedient
to provide a positive lock or catch.
The arm M is provided with adjustable weight W drawing downward at its
outer end and the same is true of the corresponding lever-arm M' for the brakes
on the opposite side of the frame. Consequently when the shaft R is turned
it will allow the weight W to drop, thereby turning the arm M and the rock
shaft L while the brake fingers 0 simultaneously lift the respective rotors B
from their bearings and stop the spindle as described.
Referring to the plan diagram in Figure 8 it appears that the arm M is not
directly under the shaft R as might be inferred from Figure 7. but at a point
nearly opposite the end of the rock-shaft L which is about co-terminous with
the parallel row of spindles. Consequently the chain N will pass over a
pulley Z in reaching from the shaft R to the arm M. The space between the
extremity of rock-shaft L and the end of the machine is occupied by the gearing
which intervenes between the armature shaft K and the feed rolls G.
It may be said in general that the invention contemplates placing the con-
trolling shaft R in any desired position on the spindle frame where it will be
within convenient reach of the operator and in like manner it is not limited to
the precise position of the arm M shown in the drawing, but the arm may be
placed at any convenient point along the rock-shaft L and the chain N led
thereto over one or more pulleys, or in place of it, any convenient form of
mechanical connection may be substituted.
The driving motor V for the feed rolls as shown in Figure 8 is of the alter-
nating current induction type connected to the same circuit which supplies the
spindle motors so as to be energized by a current of the same frequency.
As indicated in Figure 7 the incoming line wires are indicated at 1, 2, 3
and 4 and for each wire there is a switch on the shaft R (X. X2, X and X4)
which controls the connection of the wires to the two motor circuits a a¹ and b¹.
These two circuits branch to include the coils A1 and A2 of the driving motor
on the one hand and the spindle motor coils BB on the other hand. By this
means the controlling handle S simultaneously opens the motor circuits and
applies the brake, or, on the other hand, closes the motor circuits and removes

page_text: the brakes. Any other suitable arrangement for securing the requisite relative
operation of brakes and switches may be employed.
On the armature shaft K of motor V is fastened a brake disc J Figures 7, 8
and 9 and two brake shoes J and J2 adapted to bear on the periphery of disc J
are carried by a lever arm M2, being bolted between the two strips m³ m³
(Figure 8) which compose the arm M².
This arm is similarly provided with a chain N¹ which passes around the
shaft R and is secured thereto by an adjustable collar. It is likewise provided
with an adjustable weight W The turning of the shaft R would therefore
release the chain N¹ and the weight W so as to apply the brake shoes to the
dise J and stop the feed roll motor at the same instant that the brake fingers U
Thus the
lift the spindles from their bearings and bring them to a stop.
simultaneous stoppage of the feed rolls and the spindles is ensured. Both sets
of brakes are positive and powerful and are accurately adjusted with relation
to each other so as to give the required positive and uniform stop to all the
parts of the mechanism.
1000
J. G. LORRAIN,
. Communicatee.
Improvements in connection with Spindles and the Driving of the
same by Electricity.
A communication from abroad by HENRY B. SAWYER, of Newton, County of
Middlesex, State of Massachusetts, United States of America, and RUSSELL
ROBB, of Concord, County of Middlesex, State of Massachusetts, United
States of America.
I, JAMES GRIEVE LORRAIN, M.İ.E.E., M.I.Mech.E., of Norfolk House, Norfolk
Street, London, W.C., in the County of Middlesex, Chartered Patent Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention (as communicated to
abroad) and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
me from
The invention relates to electrically driven spindles and consists in the pro-
duction of a form of alternating current motor of the induction type, so constructed
as to have the necessary strength and capacity for driving an individual spindle
and the efficiency necessary to insure its economical operation, while, further-
more, the invention also comprises certain arrangements in the application of
the motor to the spindle whereby the spindle, when relieved from the band-pull,
heretofore present in the usual method of operation, will remain properly
balanced, so as to operate at the desired high speed and will also have its speed
automatically adjusted according to the diameter of the bobbin and the strength
of the thread with relation to the strain upon it.
The invention moreover involves a brake for each spindle and its attached
rotor, while there is also provided a brake for the main motor which drives
the feed rolls. Both of these brakes are preferably operated by the same means
which serve to control the electric circuit to the motors. Finally, the invention
comprises certain details of construction by which the motor is suitably protected
and guarded.
In the operation of spindles it is necessary that all those upon one frame
shall operate at substantially a uniform speed with respect to each other and,
while such speed has heretofore been practically constant, the invention pro-

page_text: vides, as will be hereinafter explained, for a slight automatic change in the
speed as the diameter of the wound bobbin increases. For securing this
uniformity of speed, there is applied to each of the separate spindles a small
alternating current motor, of the induction type, whose speed is determined
principally by the rate of alternation in the delivery of current, but which in
the invented construction is also affected by the character given to the motor
itself. A motor suitable for driving a spindle is necessarily a very small one,
and heretofore no motor has been constructed which, within the permissible
dimensions, has either the capacity or the efficiency to render its use with a
spindle possible. To overcome this difficulty, the invention provides a motor
of the described type, having a cylindrical armature or rotating element sur-
rounding the base of the spindle just above the supporting rail and adjacent
to the spindle bearings. This element is composed of thin plates or laminations
and preferably has a series of conducting rods embedded in its surface and
forming a closed circuit, in which, in the usual way, there is induced by the
field magnet a magnetizing current.
This part of the motor, whether it be regarded as an armature or as a field
magnet, will be designated as the rotor," to distinguish it from the stationary
element which will be designated as the "stator." The latter element consists
of a laminated ring surrounding the rotor and presenting a series of inwardly
projecting pole pieces between which are wound the energizing coils, in planes
radial to the centre of rotation. The rotor will be separated from the stator
by a space greater than would ordinarily be provided in a motor of this size
and description, in order to permit of the gyratory movement of the spindle
and its attached rotor in the bearings provided therefor. This space, moreover,
between rotor and stator is preferably greater at the upper side than the lower
side, one of the elements having a conically formed surface, with the greater
diameter uppermost, to accomodate the greater range of gyratory movement of
those portions more distant from the step-bearing, which is the centre of gyration.
This construction permits the spindle and the rotor to run free at the highest
speed, while the location of the comparatively heavy cylindrical rotor at a point
adjacent to the step-bearing which upholds the spindle and rotor from below
affords a perfect balance for the spindle when relieved from the band-pull present
in the present method of spindle driving, and reduces the side friction on the
bolster bearing to a minimum. A further advantage of this arrangement is
that, while a complete electric motor, including both a stationary and a rotating
member, has been added to the spindle, it is the rotating member only that
partakes of the gyratory movement. Thus the minimum weight of material
is gyrated with the minimum gyratory inertia, and moreover such movement
is not transmitted through running bearings., as would be the case if the stator
and rotor were both flexibly mounted so as to gyrate together, an arrangement
which would be required if the ordinary fixed alignment of rotor and stator
and the restricted air gap between them were preserved.
Moreover, in a ring spinning frame the amount of twist in the yarn, and con-
sequently to a certain extent the strength of the yarn is less when the diameter
of the bobbin is small, while, at the same time, the tension imposed by the
traveller is greater because the pull of the yarn on the traveller, when the
bobbin is small, is more nearly in a radial and less in a tangential direction
than when the diameter of the bobbin is larger. Consequently, it is desirable
that the speed of the spindle, with relation to the speed of the feed rolls, should
be greater when the diameter of the bobbin is small than when it is large.
Heretofore it has been customary to provide for this by increasing the speed
of the feed-roll as the diameter of the bobbin increases, while leaving the spindle
speed unchanged. This has reduced to some extent the possible speed of
operation and out-put of the frame. since the speed of the front roll, which
delivers the yarn, must be less at first than the normal and only attains its

page_text: maximum when the bobbin is full. The present invention, on the contrary,
provides a constant maximum speed for the delivery rolls and so constructs
the operating motors that the slip of the rotor, or its variation from the normal
speed of polar rotation in the stator, shall increase with the increase in the
diameter of the wound bobbin. In this way. the spindle speed will decrease
slightly as the bobbin fills up and the twist of the yarn and its strength can
be always nearly proportional to the tension of the traveller thereon. This
adjustment will not only be automatic, but will be always adapted to the require-
ments of each spindle, whereas in prior methods it has only been possible to
effect an adjustment for all the spindles of any one frame as a whole, without
regard to the condition of individual spindles.
There is also provided a series of spindles, two guard plates upon the opposite
sides thereof respectively, which completely cover over and enclose the motors,
leaving only a series of small openings through which the spindles can pass.
This fully protects the motors from lint, dirt and oil, and, at the same time,
acts as a doffing guard to prevent the lifting of the spindle and rotor as the
bobbins are removed.
Referring to the drawings left with my Provisional Specification,
Figure 1 is a vertical diametrical section of a spindle with its operating
motor and bearings;
Figure 2 is a plan of the motor partly in section;
Figure 3 shows a modification of the stator;
Figure 4 shows the connections for two or more motors on a single frame;-
Figures 5 and 6 illustrate the arrangement of the guard plates;
Figures 7, 8, 9 and 10 show the arrangement of brakes and controlling
switches for the main frame motor driving the feed rolls and for the spindle
motors.
In these drawings A represents a spindle which carries a bobbin B. R is a
supporting rail of a spinning frame, upon which is seated a standard S, in
which are contained the bearings for the spindles. These spindles and bearings
may be constructed on any of the present well known methods. Those shown
herein consist, first, of a step-bearing L, which receives on its upper surface the
lower extremity of the spindle A, and, second, of a tubular bolster bearing M
within the standard and surrounding the lower part of the spindle, preferably
separated from the standard by a surrounding layer of felt, N, or other yielding
material, which will permit of a slight movement of the bearing with relation
to the standard. The step-bearing L is adjustable vertically with relation to
the bolster bearing and the degree of pressure of the spindle on the bolster
bearing may be adjusted by raising or lowering the step-bearing, by screwing
it into or out of the opening in the lower end of the tubular bolster, the screw
connection being somewhat loose so as not to interfere with the oscillation of
the spindle and bolster. This adjustment may be automatically determined in
a well known manner, not requiring detailed explanation, by means of a spring T,
adjusted to yield at a given degree of friction, and thus vary the relation of the
step-bearing to the bolster. With this arrangement, it will be obvious that
the spindle when rotating at high speed will have a slight gyratory movement
centered on the lower extremity of the spindle resting on the step-bearing. The
standard aforesaid extends through the rail R and is seated thereon, being held
in position by a nut on the under side, while an oil-duct X is extended through
the standard from an outside point and delivers oil to the interior of the
bolster bearing by suitable openings therein. whence it works down to the step-
bearing. Above the upper edge of the tubular standard there is attached to
the spindle a conical sleeve O, extending downward around the standard, but
free therefrom, and carrying a cup F, if desired, for receiving the lower end of
bobbin B. To this sleeve, at a point above the rail R, and yet as close as feasible
to the step-bearing L, which is the gyratory centre of the spindle, there is

page_text: attached the rotor K of an electric motor, consisting of a series of plates or
laminations, making up a cylindrical body of soft iron, having considerable
weight with relation to the weight of the spindle itself and the bobbin carried
thereby. This will bring the centre of gravity of the rotating parts as close
as possible to the step bearing, although still being above that bearing, and,
in consequence, the balance of the rotating parts will be maintained and the
friction between the bolster bearing and the spindle will be reduced to the
minimum. Around the periphery of the motor and parallel with the axis thereof,
are arranged a series of conducting rods K' embedded in the laminations and
connected at top and bottom by discs, concentric with and of the same diameter,
as the rotor itself. Those conductors form a closed circuit, in which an ener-
gizing current will be induced by the action of the stator. The latter, G, is
made in the form of a ring completely surrounding the rotor, but separated
therefrom by a space somewhat greater than would be ordinarily provided for
a motor of this size, in order to permit of the gyratory movement of the spindle
and rotor. The stator is preferably supported on the standard S, which carries
the spindle bearings, by intervening blocks G2 of non-magnetic material, which
prevent short circuiting of the magnetism. The attachment of the stator to
the spindle base, instead of the rail or other part of the frame, allows of a more
accurate adjustment of the parts and permits of the attachment of a completed
and properly adjusted spindle combined with its motor to any existing form of
frame without special adaptation. The stator is provided with a series of inwardly
projecting pole pieces and between these pole pieces the .coils are wound in
planes radial to the centre of the spindle. This arrangement permits of the
utilization of the available space for iron and wire, except such as is necessarily
utilized for the gyratory movement and such complete utilization is necessary
in order to overcome the disadvantage presented by the unusual air gap between
stator and rotor, if the motor is to have a capacity and efficiency such as is
necessary for practical economical operation.
As appears in Figure 1, this air gap is greater at the upper side of the armature
than at the lower side, the difference being exaggerated somewhat in the figure.
This is due to the fact that the centre of gyration, being the lower extremity
of the spindle, the extent to which the spindle and rotor will deviate from the
normal central position is greater as the radial distance from such centre
increases. Therefore, in order to accurately accomodate the gyratory move-
ment, the air gap must be greater in proportion to the radial distance from
the lower extremity of the spindle.
The arrangement of the coils and pole pieces in the stator is illustrated in
detail in Figure 2, which will be understood from the explanation already given.
In this figure the connection of the stator coils is also illustrated, the motor
being shown as provided with four sets of coils, each set containing three
individual coils and being connected in pairs, in the usual manner, to the two
respective branches of a two-phase alternating current circuit. Thus, coils 1, 2
and 3 make up one set, which is connected in series with the opposite set,
composed of coils 7, 8 and 9 between the wires ab on one side of the circuit;
and the set composed of the coils 4, 5 and 6 is connected in series with the
set composed of the coils 10, 11 and 12 between the wires cd of the other side
of the circuit. It is also possible to employ four pole pieces, instead of twelve,
by arranging the coils as shown in Figure 3. In this figure, the opposite coils
do not consist of sets comprising a number of individual sections, but are com-
Two of these
plete in themselves, there being four coils, C1, C2, C3 and C4.
coils, C and C+, are connected between lines ab and the other two, C¹ and C,
are connected between the lines c and d. In Figure 4, a diagram of the
circuits is shown. It appears in this figure that for each frame there will be
provided a common set of conductors, ab and cd, whose connection with the
main line is controlled by a switch Z and the individual motors for the respective

page_text: spindles will be all connected in parallel to the conductors pertaining to the
frames on which the spindles are located. The coils of two such motors are
indicated in Figure 4, as connected between the conductors ab and cd in the
manner already described.
Turning next to Figure 5, E represents the delivery rolls from which the
yarn C passes, first to the traveller on a ring D, carried by the ring rail T",
shown in the figure as in its lowest position, and thence to the bobbin B, whereon
it is wound and also twisted by the rotation of the spindle. It will be apparent
that when the bobbin is empty, as shown, or nearly so, the tension imposed
by the traveller is greater than it is when the bobbin is fully wound, or nearly
so, since the thread draws the traveller around the ring by pulling thereon in
a direction which is more nearly a radial direction when the bobbin is small
and becomes more nearly a radial direction when the bobbin is large. The
greater tension thus imposed by the traveller requires a somewhat stronger
thread, which may be had by giving it a greater number of twists per inch.
Heretofore the feed rolls E have sometimes been arranged to deliver yarn at
- a somewhat greater speed as the diameter of the bobbin is increased, leaving the
spindle speed constant and thereby giving to the thread a less number of twists
per inch delivered, or, to state it reversely, delivering more inches of yarn for
a given number of twists. This has reduced somewhat the output of a spinning
frame as the rolls deliver at the maximum rate only when the bobbins are
full.
The present invention provides a constant maximum speed of the delivery
rolls E and provides for à somewhat greater spindle speed when the bobbin is
small, so as to give at that time the additional number of twists per inch of
the thread, and moreover, it provides that this speed shall be automatically
adjusted, not only for the spindles of any one frame as a whole, but also for
the individual spindles themselves. This is accomplished by constructing the
motor so that the slip between rotor and stator shall give a definite decrease
in speed as the spindle becomes loaded, this decrease being in the ratio of the
desired decrease in the number of twists per inch of thread, which it is desired
to secure, or, to state it conversely, the greater speed when the bobbin is small.
is in the ratio of the desired greater number of twists which it is desired to
give to the thread at that time. It is to be understood that the invention is
not limited to any particular form of induction motor, or to any particular form
and arrangement of the spindle and its bearings, since it is believed to be wholly
novel to combine a front roll of a spinning frame and a spindle receiving
thread therefrom, with an electric motor for driving the spindle, which is of
the induction type, wherein the speed is not dependent entirely upon the rate
of alternations in the supply circuit.
Another feature of the invention is particularly illustrated in Figures 1, 5
and 6. Underneath the ring rail, and above the motor, are placed the guard
plates V and W, the former being U-shaped in cross section and hinged to the
frame of the machine at a, and the latter being an angle strip hinged to the
frame at b. These guard plates, as shown in Figure 6 are of a length sufficient
to cover two or more spindles and, when turned back on their hinges and b,
they take the position shown in the dotted lines of Figure 5. The adjacent
edges of these plates are provided with semi-circular notches at intervals, as
shown in Figure 6, which register and form circular openings, through which
the spindles pass, and with catches B² for holding them in place. It is convenient
to have a single pair of guide plates include seven or eight spindles, but this
number may be increased or diminished without departing from the principle
of a common guard for a plurality of spindles. The guard plate V is enlarged
and differently shaped, as compared with the guard W, for the purpose of
enclosing therein the oil tube X, through which the motor and spindle bearings
are lubricated. These guards serve to entirely close the motor, with its bearings

page_text: and lubricating devices, so as to protect them against lint, dust, and any external
interference, while it serves particularly as a step for holding the spindle and
rotor in place when the bobbin is doffed."
"
It should be added that the above described arrangement for the graduation
automatically of the motor and spindle speed,, to a degree commensurate with
the decrease of twist necessary, is of particular advantage in connection with
the provision of individual driving mechanism for the respective spindles.
Since the winding of all the bobbins may not begin at the same instant and
may not be carried on at exactly the same rate in each case, by reason of
stoppages, or other incidents, at particular spindles, it becomes important, in
connection with the constant speed provided by the front roll of all the spindles,
to have the adjustment or graduation above referred to take place at each
spindle, independently of the others. Hence the individual capacity of the
respective spindles for adjustment in speed is an advantage additional to the
general advantage residing in the adjustment itself.
In the operation of spindles thus driven it has been found, that, by reason
of the weight of the rotor and the fineness of the spindle bearings, the spindles
cannot be stopped at once by shutting off the current from the bank of spindle-
driving motors, but that even after the current is withdrawn, they will continue
to run by reason of their momentum, and, if the separate motor which drives
the feed rolls has its current cut off at the same time, it will no longer cause
the feed rolls to deliver the yarn at a proper rate to correspond with the decreas-
ing speed of the spindles and moreover the spindles themselves, when running
by momentum only, will not revolve at the same speed, but each take its own
speed dependent upon the condition of the bearings and other individual
characteristics.
In consequence the yarn will be broken at some or even all of the spindles.
It is also objectionable to have the feeding of the yarn continued after the
spindle has ceased to run at a speed adequate to give the desired twist to the
yarn.
Hence there is provided with the individual motors for the separate spindles
a single motor for driving the whole range of feed rolls, which motor is also
of the induction type with its rotary magnetic field controlled by the same
frequency of alternating current that is applied to the spindle motors, while the
gearing interposed between the driving shaft of this single motor and the feed
rolls is such as to give the latter their required rate of delivery with respect
to the spindles.
There is furthermore provided a brake for the feed roll motor, also a series
of brakes for the respective spindle motors and a common operating device for
all of these brakes, so that by the movement of a single controlling device
which also opens the circuit the entire mechanism may be stopped promptly
and, moreover, the individual spindles and the feed rolls will be all brought to
a standstill at substantially the same moment.
More particularly the spindle brakes are all attached to a common rock shaft
or other operating element, so as to work at the same instant and are preferably
applied to the spindles in a vertical direction to lift them positively from their
bearings, so that the bearings do not receive the braking pressure and their
inertia is expended in friction due to the spindle riding on the supporting brake.
By this means the spindles may be all stopped at practically the same moment.
Referring to the drawing, Figure 7, A is the bobbin of a spindle driven by
the rotor B attached directly to the spindle and rotating within a surrounding
stator C which is shown in cross section. This spindle is the end one of a series
arranged along the side of a spinning frame. D is the rail also shown in section,
upon which the bank of spindles is placed and E is the base or standard which
receives the bearing of the spindle. F is the frame of the machine which is
shown broken away at a point opposite the end of the bank of spindles.
G represents the group of feed rolls from which the yarn is delivered to the

page_text: traveller H that directs it upon the bobbin A under tension. K is the shaft
of the driving motor which carries a pinion a engaging with the larger gear
wheel which in turn carries the pinion b engaging with a gear wheel cand
that in turn drives a pinion c¹ engaging with the transmitting gear wheel d.
There are two of these transmitting gear wheels d and engaging with each
other, the latter driving the feed rolls G and the former a similar set of feed
rolls (not shown) on the opposite side of the spinning frame, the two sides of
the frame being duplicates of each other, each having its feed rolls and bank
of motor-driven spindles, although but one side of the frame is shown in the
drawing.
The transmitting wheel engages with a gear wheel e directly upon the
shaft of the single feed roll g and the latter is in the usual manner geared to
the remaining feed rolls of the group G.
A rock-shaft L is mounted in bearings adjacent to the bank of spindles as
is shown in Figure 7 and more clearly in Figure 8. As appears in the latter
figure the rock-shaft L may be split longitudinally and between the two halves
there may be clamped a series of brake fingers O, each one projecting horizontally
from shaft L to a point directly underneath the rotor B (Figures 7 and 10) of
each spindle motor respectively.
Referring to Figure 10 the details of the spindle brake will be understood.
In this figure l' is the spindle to which the rotor B is attached through an
intervening sleeves and which is provided with the ordinary bolster-bearing
on its sides and with the ordinary step bearing t at its lower end. It will be
evident that as the rock-shaft L is turned in the direction of the small arrow
the brake finger O will engage with the under side of the rotor B and lift it
vertically, together with the attached spindle P, until the latter is lifted a slight
distance away from it's step bearing t, it being free for this purpose to slide
vertically in the bolster-bearing. The spindle may be lifted until the rotor B
strikes the stop Cattached to stator C or to the frame, and the rotor is thus
clamped between two braking surfaces, without however bringing a pressure
on the bearings, and is brought to a standstill.
Turning again to Figure 7 the rock-shaft L is provided with a lever-arm M
which terminates directly opposite a similar lever-arm M' reaching from the
corresponding rock-shaft (not shown) on the other side of the spinning frame.
From the adjoining ends of these two levers M and M extend chains m and m¹
which unite in a single chain N that extends upward and takes a partial turn
around a shaft R being fastened thereto by an adjustable collar 1. This shaft R
is provided with an operating handle S (Figures 7 and 8) and stands normally,
when the spindles are running, in the position shown in the drawings being
held therein by a catch or by friction which in this case has been found sufficient
and which is preferable since it may be desirable to extend shaft R or the
handle S along the spinning frame so that it may be operated from any point
where the operator may be standing and in that event it might be inexpedient
to provide a positive lock or latch.
The arm M is provided with adjustable weight W drawing downward at its
outer end and the same is true of the corresponding lever-arm M¹ for the brakes
on the opposite side of the frame. Consequently when the shaft R is turned
it will allow the weight W to drop, thereby turning the arm M and the rock
shaft L while the brake fingers simultaneously lift the respective rotors B
from their bearings and stop the spindle as described.
Referring to the plan diagram in Figure 8 it appears that the arm M is not
directly under the shaft R as might be inferred from Figure 7, but at a point
nearly opposite the end of the rock-shaft L which is about co-terminous with
the parallel row of spindles. Consequently the chain N will pass over a
pulley Z in reaching from the shaft R to the arm M. The space between the
extremity of rock-shaft L and the end of the machine is occupied by the gearing
which intervenes between the armature shaft K and the feed rolls G.

page_text: It may be said in general that the invention contemplates placing the con-
trolling shaft R in any desired position on the spindle frame where it will be
within convenient reach of the operator and in like manner it is not limited to
the precise position of the arm M shown in the drawing, but the arm may be
placed at any convenient point along the rock-shaft L and the chain N led
thereto over one or more pulleys, or in place of it, any convenient form of
mechanical connection may be substituted.
The driving motor V for the feed rolls as shown in Figure 8 is of the alter-
nating current induction type connected to the same circuit which supplies the
spindle motors so as to be energized by a current of the same frequency.
As indicated in Figure 7 the incoming line wires are indicated at 1, 2, 3,
and 4 and for each wire there is a switch on the shaft R (X', X2, X and X4)
which controls the connection of the wires to the two motor circuits a a¹ and bb¹.
These two circuits branch to include the coils A¹ and A2 of the driving motor
on the one hand and the spindle motor coils BB2 on the other hand. By this
means the controlling handle $ simultaneously opens the motor circuits and
applies the brake, or, on the other hand, closes the motor circuits and removes
the brakes. Any other suitable arrangement for securing the requisite relative
operation of brakes and switches may be employed.
On the armature shaft K of motor V is fastened a brake disc J Figures 7, 8
and 9 and two brake shoes J¹ and J2 adapted to bear on the periphery of disc J
are carried by a lever arm M2, being bolted between the two strips m³ m³
(Figure 8) which compose the arm M².
This arm is similarly provided with a chain N¹ which passes around the
shaft R and is secured thereto by an adjustable collar . It is likewise provided
with an adjustable weight W₁. The turning of the shaft R would therefore
release the chain N and the weight W₁ so as to apply the brake shoes to the
disc J and stop the feed roll motor at the same instant that the brake fingers ()
lift the spindles from their bearings and bring them to a stop. Thus the
simultaneous stoppage of the feed rolls and the spindles is ensured. Both sets
of brakes are positive and powerful and are accurately adjusted with relation
to each other so as to give the required positive and uniform stop to all the
parts of the mechanism.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. A spindle driven by an electric motor of the alternating induction type
having its rotor attached directly to the spindle so as to drive it at a speed
fundamentally dependent on the speed of polar rotation in the stator.
2. A spindle driven by an electric motor of the type described and free to
gyrate together with its attached rotor within the magnetic field of the stator.
3. A spindle of the ring type driven by an individual motor and having its
speed with relation to the speed of the feed rolls variable with variations in
diameter of the wound bobbin whereby the strength and twist of the thread is
adjusted to the tension thereon.
4. Varving the spindle speed whilst maintaining the feed roll speed constant,
substantially in the manner and for the purpose set forth.
5. The combination with a spindle having a flexible bearing, giving it a
capacity for gyratory movement, of an induction-motor rotor attached thereto
and a stator attached to a stationary part of the machine, but separated from
the rotor by an air-gap sufficient to permit the gyratory movement of the spindle
and attached rotor without contact between stator and rotor.
6. The combination with a spindle, of an induction-motor rotor attached
thereto, a yielding bearing adjusted to support both spindle and rotor so as to
permit of their joint gyration, and a stator attached to a stationary part of the

page_text: machine and separated from the rotor by an air-gap that permits the aforesaid
gyration of spindle and rotor.
7. The combination with a spindle, of a depending sleeve outside of the
bearing-tube and separated therefrom, a rotor-core surrounding and attached to
said sleeve, conductors on said core forming a closed circuit, an annular stator
surrounding said rotor, but separated therefrom by an air-gap that permits its
gyration, and distinct windings on said stator for receiving alternating currents
of differing phase.
8. The combination with a spindle of flexible bearings therefor, an induction-
motor rotor attached thereto, and an annular stator surrounding and presenting
a series of polar projections to the said rotor which are separated from the rotor
sufficiently to permit thereto a gyratory motion, the said stator being wound
at the spaces between succeeding polar projections with wire lying in radial
planes.
9. The combination with a spindle of flexible bearings therefor, an induction-
motor rotor attached thereto, an annular stator wound with wire lying in radial
planes and surrounding the rotor, to which it presents a series of pole pieces
separated therefrom by a space permitting a gyratory motion thereto, and non-
magnetic material intervening between the core of said stator and the magnetic
frame of the machine.
10. The combination with a spindle having a supporting bearing at its
Jower end, of an electric motor surrounding the said spindle and concentric
therewith at a point above and adjacent to the said bearing, and a side bearing
for the said spindle permitting a gyratory movement thereof, said motor being
provided with a cylindrical balanced rotor and with a stator surrounding the
rotor but separated therefrom by a space greater than the gyratory deviation of
the rotor from its normal central position.
11. The combination with a spindle having bearings permitting a gyratory
movement of the spindle, of an electromagnetic rotor attached to the spindle
and capable of gyrating therewith, and a stator surrounding the rotor, but
separated therefrom by an air-gap increasing in extent with the increase of the
radial distance from the centre of gyration.
12. In a spinning-machine, the combination with a feed-roll, of a spindle
receiving thread therefrom and a driving-motor for the spindle of the alter-
nating-current type, wherein the motor speed differs from the speed of polar
rotation in the inducing member which corresponds to the frequency of the
alternations in the supply-circuit.
13. In a spinning-machine, the combination with a front roll of a spindle
and an alternating-current electric motor of the induction type connected to
the spindle for driving the same and constructed to have, as it becomes loaded,
a slip substantially commensurate with the decrease of twist necessary to the
yarn.
14. In a spinning frame, the combination with a front roll of a series of
spindles and a corresponding series of alternating-current electric motors of the
induction type connected respectively to the said spindles for operating the
same and constructed each so as to have, as it becomes loaded, a slip substan-
tially commensurate with the decrease of twist necessary to the yarn running
to the bobbin on its individual spindle.
15. In a spinning-machine the combination with a spindle, of an electric-
motor rotor attached thereto, a removable guard extending over said rotor but
out of contact therewith, a stator surrounding said rotor but attached to the
frame of the machine, and bearings supporting said rotor and spindle from below
and from which the rotor is vertically removable independently of the stator.
16. In a spinning-machine, the combination with a spindle. of an operating
electric motor therefor consisting of a rotor and stator, the latter being attached
to the frame of the machine, and two angular guard-plates hinged to the frame
of the machine on opposite sides of the motor with their meeting edges notched

page_text: to receive the spindle and forming a complete inclosure for the motor, and
serving also as a guard to prevent the removal of the rotor from its bearing.
17. In a spinning-machine, the combination with a spindle, of an operating-
motor therefor, consisting of a rotor and stator, the latter being attached to
the frame of the machine, an adjacent oil-tube for lubricating the spindle
bearings and a hinged guard-plate inclosing both the motor and the oil-tube,
and formed with a projection above the rotor to serve as a guard against the
removal of the same from its bearings.
18. In a spinning-machine the combination with a series of spindles, of
individual electric motors for operating the same, each consisting of a rotor
and stator, the stators being attached to the frame of the machine, and the
rotors being provided with bearings supporting them from below and from
which the rotors are removable, and a guard extending along two or more
spindles and projecting over the motor-rotors of the said spindles to prevent
the removal of the said rotors from their bearings.
19. As a new article of manufacture, a combined spindle and motor com-
prising a rigid standard, attachments for connecting it to the frame of the
spinning machine, a spindle flexibly mounted on said standard, a stator also
mounted on said standard and a rotor within the stator attached to the spindle,
the parts being permanently adjusted with relation to one another and the device
as a whole being adapted for application to a spinning-machine without
disturbance of the said adjustments.
20. The combination with a series of spindles of individual alternating current
motors therefor of the polyphase induction type, a single motor of the same type
for the feeding rolls of all the spindles connected to the same circuit, so as to
receive the same frequency of current, and speed changing devices between
the armature shaft of the feed-roll motor and the feed-rolls.
21. The combination with a spindle and an operating electric motor therefor,
of a brake applied in a vertical direction so as to lift the spindle and the rotor
of the motor attached thereto from their supporting bearings.
22. The combination with a series of spindles of individual driving motors
therefor, a single motor driving the feed rolls for all of the spindles, a series
of individual brakes for the spindles, a common controlling device and a brake
for the feed-roll motor, all operating together by the movement of the common
controlling device.
23. The combination with a series of spindles of individual driving motors
therefor, a single motor driving the feed-rolls for all of the spindles, a series
of individual brakes for the spindle motors, a brake for the feed-roll motor, a
common operating device and a mechanical connection from the said device to
the brake of the feed-roll motor and to the series of brakes for the spindle
motors.
24. The combination with a series of spindles of a corresponding series of
individual electric motors for driving the respective spindles, a series of simul-
taneously operating brakes for the individual motors, a single motor for driving
the feed-rolls of all the spindles, a brake therefor, a common controlling switch
for the said motors, and a common operating device for the switch and the brakes
aforesaid.
25. The combination with a series of spindles of individual driving motors
for the several spindles, a corresponding series of individual brakes for the
several connected spindles and motors, a separate driving motor for the feed
rolls, a brake for the feed-roll motor and a common controlling device for the
several spindle brakes and the feed-roll brake.
26. The combination with a series of spindles and their individual driving
motors, of a series of brakes for the respective spindles, a common operating
device for the said brakes extending parallel to the line of spindles, a single
motor for driving the feed rolls of all the spindles, a brake therefor and a
common operating handle placed at one point of the machine and provided

page_text: with intermediate connecting devices leading both to the spindle brakes and to
the brake of the feed-roll motor.
27. The combination with a series of spindles and their individual driving
motors, of a series of brakes for the respective spindles, a common operating
device for the said brakes extending parallel to the line of spindles, a single
motor for driving the feed-rolls of all the spindles, a brake therefor and a
common operating handle or actuating device placed at one point of the machine
and provided with intermediate connecting devices leading both to the spindle
brakes and to the brake of the feed-roll motor and a controlling switch for
both the feed-roll and the spindle motors also connected to the said handle or
actuating device.