CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VESSELS, PLATES, OR UTENSILS USED FOR MI D PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Benjamim Burleigh, of 26, Great George Street,
Westminster, and Frederick Ludwig Dauchell, of No. 452, Oxford
Street, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VESSELS, PLATES, OR UTENSILS USED FOR
MI D
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Benjamin Burleigh
and Frederick Ludwig Danchell at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, ou the 24th December 1857.
We, BENJAMIN BURLEIGH, of 26, Great George Street, Westminster, and
FREDERICK LUDWIG DANCHELL, of No. 452, Oxford Street, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VESSELS, PLATES, OR UTENSILS USED FOR
DOMESTIC. SANITARY. ELECTRIC. AND MANUFACTURING PURPOSES,
follows:-
to be as
'This Invention has for its object the formation of articles of utility from
various plastic and other material to be rendered solid by means of percussive
force, stamping,or hammering, and afterwards submitted to the action of heat
in enclosed vessels.

page_text: It is proposed to take carbonaceous matter, such as coke, animal or
vegetable charcoal, bogheadash, gas carbon, soot, lampblack, clay, porcelain,
sand, or other suitable material, each by itself or mixed, and rendered plastic
by means of moist bituminus, resinous, gummy,sacharine, or glutinous sub-
stances, and to force the said materials into moulds suited for the object to be
constructed by stamping or beating with suitable tools, by means of hand
power or machinery, to the required degree of consistency or solidity. I
propose to apply the above process in manufacturing articles of the following
kinds, viz Meat safes, tanks, cisterns, casks, and other hollow vessels or
receptacles for the purpose of preserving or purifying culinary and other sub-
stances, as well as water and other fluids; crucibles, retorts, assayers' muffles,
muffle plates, cupolas; also cells,cyllinders, plates,and ellectrodes for ellectric
purposes; receptacles and other articles for photographists;screens, respirators,
and plates in general for purifying nir tubes; hollow or solid cylinders,
columns, blocks, and similar objects for conducting fluids or for building
purposes; filtering mediums, charcoal pencils, tobacco pipes, moulds for
casting metals, or articles used for manufacturing glass.
To render crucibles and other objects made of carbon proof against the
action of oxygen gas when used in a fire, I cause the said articles to be coated
outside with selecious or other substance not liable to be acted upon by
oxygen. To render vessels and other objects proposed to be manufactured
impermeable to fluids and gases, I glaze them or coat them with a varnish
outside or inside, or both when required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Benjamin Burleigh and Frederick Ludwig Danchell in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 24th June 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, BENJAMIN
BURLEIGH, of 26,Great George Street, Westminster, and FREDERICK LUDWIG
DANOHELL. or No. 452, Oxford Street, in the County of Middlesex, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundrod and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Benjamin Burleigh and Frederick Ludwig Dauchell, Her special

page_text: licence that we, the said Benjamin Burleigh and Frederick Ludwig Danchell,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
Benjamin Burleigh and Frederick Ludwig Danchell, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VESSELS, PLATES,
OR UTENSILS USED FOR DOMESTIC, SANITARY, ELECTRIC, AND MANUFACTURING PUR-
POSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Benjamin
Burleigh and Frederick Ludwig Danchell, our executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under our or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Benjamin Burleigh and Frederick
Ludwig Danchell, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object the formation of articles of utility from
various plastic and other materials to be rendered solid by means of percussive
force, and afterwards submitted to the action of heat in closed vessels.
It is proposed to take carbonaceous matter, such as coke, animal or
vegetable charcoal, boghead ash, gas carbon, soot, lampblack, or other suitable
material, each by itself, or mixed and rendered plastic by means of moist
bituminous, resinous, gummy,oleaginous,saccharine,glutinous, or other suitable
cementing medium, and to force the said materials into moulds, suitable for
the objects to be constructed, by stamping or beating with suitable tools by
means of inachine or other power to the required degree of consistency or
solidity, after which the objects are baked or burned in closed vessels.
We proj ose to apply the above process in manufacturing articles of the
following kinds, viz.:-Meat safes, tanks, cisterns, casks, and other hollow
vessels or receptacles for the purpose of preserving or purifying culinary and
other substances, as well as water and other fluids, crucibles, retorts, assayers'
muffles, muffle plates, cupolas; also cells, cylinders, plates for batteries, and
electrodes for electro or galvanic purposes; receptacles and other articles for
photographists; screens, respirators, and plates in general for purifying air

page_text: tubes, hollow or solid blocks, cylinders, columns, and similar objects for con-.
ducting fluids; filters, charcoal pencils, tobacco pipes, moulds for casting
metals; also articles used in the manufacture or casting of glass.
To render crucibles and other objects made of solidified carbon proof
against the action of oxygen when exposed to fire, we cause the said articles
to be coated outside with silicious glaze or other substance not liable to
be acted upon by oxygen or atmospheric air.
To render vessels and other objects impermeable to fluids and gases we
glaze them or coat them either on the outside or inside, or on both sides
when required, with a varnish or lacker insoluble in the particular fluid or
gas intended to be contained in the vessel.
Referring to the method of treating the carbonaceous substances her-in
described, it is further necessary to explain that either moist, bituminous,
resinous, guinny, oleaginous, saccharine, or glutinous matters are mixed with
pulverized carbonaceous substances, in order to make the particles thereof
adhere together; but we cannot state the exact proportions of such mixture,
as they differ according to the degree of density of the object required to
be produced. Generally, however, the proportion which the carbon bears
to the plastic or cementing medium is about fifty per cent.; and with regard
to the mode of solidifying the material when placed in the mould, we find
the action of a steam hammer the most effective for the purpose; but we
do not limit ourselves to this method, as the percussive action produced by
another body, accellerated by machine or other power may answer the
purpose in many instances, and in some cases, even hydraulic or screw
pressure may be used. Any of the hollow vessels, receptacles, or other
objects herein described may be made in one or 'in several parts, which
parts may be joined together by means of suitable cement, screws, bolts.
hoops, iron, wood; or other suitable casing.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, we would have it understood that what we claim is,-
Firstly, the mode of treating the materials by the use of percussive force,
produced by the steam hammer or other power as described for the
production of the articles of utility herein specified.
Secondly, the application of solidified carbon to the manufacture of the
articles of utility herein specified.
Thirdly, the coating of objects of solidified carbon with glaze, as described,
for the purpose of protecting them against the action of oxygen .or
atmospheric air when exposed to heat,

page_text: Fourthly, the coating of articles of solidified carbon with a suitable
varnish, lacker, or glaze for the purpose of retaining fluids or gases.
In witness whereof, we, the said Benjamin Burleigh and Frederick
Ludwig Danchell, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-
fourth day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-eight.
BENJN BURLEIGH.
(L 9.)
FREDERICK LUDWIG DANCHELL. (L.B.)