IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR PLANING AND SHAPING METAL
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Todd, of Greenwich, in the County of Kent,
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR PLANING
AND SHAPING METAL."
Sealed the 6th June 1865, and dated the 27th March 1865,
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Todd at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th March
1865.
I, JOHN TODD, of Greenwich, in the County of Kent, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR
PLANING AND SHAPING METAL," to be as follows, that is to say ;-
My Invention consists of machines constructed to plane in both directions
or singly at pleasure. I make these machines with two pairs of uprights or
standards at a convenient distance apart, between each pair of which I fix a
cross slide carrying one or more slide saddles and tool holders, which cross
slides can be raised and lowered at pleasure in the usual way, the points of
the cutting tools being towards and nearly close to each other. The travelling
table is made to move backwards and forwards upon the bed, either by screw
or internal gearing, to produce the slow cutting and quick return motion for
the single, or a uniform motion in both directions for the double action, so
that the machine, by simply raising one of the cutting tools, can be made to
answer the purpose of a single machine, while, if the double motion is required,

page_text: the two have only to be set to the required gange, and as the metal passes
backwards and forwards it is planed by each alternately, and thus forms the
double-acting machine.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Todd in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 27th
September 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
TODD, of Greenwich, in the County of Kent, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Todd, Her special licence that I, the said John Todd, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John
Todd, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES
FOR PLANING AND SHAPING METAL," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said John Todd, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months' next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW 'KNOW YE, that I, the said John Todd, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My Invention consists of machines constructed in the manner herein-after
described to plane in one direction singly or in opposite directions alter-
nately at pleasure. I make the said improved machines with an extra pair or
two pairs of uprights or standards fixed to or upon the bed of the machine at
any required or convenient distance apart to each pair of standards, and
between the same I fit a cross slide: which can be 'raised and. lowered at

page_text: pleasure in the usual way. Upon each of these cross slides I mount one or
more slide saddles and tool holders; the slide saddles move laterally upon the
cross slides, the points of the cutting tools being towards each other. The
travelling table is made to move backwards and forwards by gearing con-
structed and adapted therefor (herein-after more particularly described)
connected with and giving motion to a rack, screw, or other mechanical
arrangement suitable for producing the slow cutting and quick return motions
for the single cut in one direction, or the uniform backward and forward
motions for the double cut in opposite directions, so that the said improved
machines, by simply raising one of the cross slides, can be made to answer
the purpose of an ordinary single-action machine; and if the double cut is
required, by setting both cross slides to the required height, and at the same
time giving the table the uniform backward and forward motions, the same
machine becomes a double-action machine. The metal on the table, as it
passes, backwards, and forwards, being acted upon by each tool or tools in
opposite directions alternately, thereby becomes thoroughly planed.
"
Having thus stated the nature and object of my said Invention, and the
means whereby I effect the same generally, I will now proceed to describe the
same in detail, or more particularly, reference being made to the accompanying
Drawings, marked A, B, C, D, and E, respectively.
EXPLANATION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Drawing A, Figure 1 is a plan view of one of my said duplex machines
with the table removed to shew the under gearing; Figure 2, a similar plan
(reversed) showing the same machine complete.
Drawing B, Figure 3, is a side elevation at the line A, B, (Figure 1,
Drawing A; Figure 4, a side elevation at the line C, D, (Figure 2,
Drawing A).
Drawing C, Figure 5, is an end elevation of the same machine at the
line E, F, (Drawings A and B); and Figure 6, the opposite end elevation at
the line G, H, (Drawings A and B). These Drawings show the machine as
constructed with rack and pinion table motions. The same parts of the machine
are lettered with similar letters, so that the following index applies to the
whole of these Drawings where the reference letters appear.
a is the bed; b, the table; c, c, the standards; d, d, the cross slides; e, e, the
saddle slides carrying the tools f,f.
The machine is worked in the following manner :-Supposing the parts to
be in the order and position shewn upon these Drawings, and it being required
to plane with the double cut, take out the bolts B which unite the flanges c,

page_text: (one flange being cast on the pinion boss D, and the other on the pulley A),
thus detached, the pinion B' will for the present run useless; motion may
now be given to the parts of the machine by moving the handle d¹ from its
normal or central position in the usual manner, thus the levers, connecting
rods, sliding bar, and strap fork, marked b', c, d, e, and f¹, respectively, will
be affected thereby, moving the strap on the outside pulley A, giving motion
to the machine through the medium of the shaft E, on which is keyed the
pinion E, and gives motion to the wheel E' keyed on to the shaft F, on which
shaft is also keyed the pinion F¹, gearing with the spur wheel F keyed on to
the shaft G, on which latter shaft is keyed the mitre wheel G', giving motion
to the two shafts H and I. On the shaft I is keyed the pinion I in gear with
the spur wheel I keyed on to the shaft J, on which is also keyed the rack
pinion Js, which gives motion to the table from one end of the bed to the
other. Assuming that the machine has thus made its cut one way, the oppo-
site cut is made as follows:-The strap being moved on to the inside pulley
A (by means of the reversing strap on the edge of the table. The pulley Á
is keyed on to the long boss K', on which is keyed the pinion K³; giving
motion to the spur wheel, which is keyed on to the shaft L'; on this shaft is
also keyed the spur wheel L", giving motion to the spur wheel L' keyed on
to the shaft E, and thus, through the other parts, as before described, and
producing the cut in the opposite direction.
When it is only required to use the machine for the single cutting action
and quick return motion, replace the bolts B in the flange, withdraw the shaft L
out of gear in the same manner as the back shaft of a lathe, start the machine
as before, and the through single cutting motion will result. The quick return
motion is now obtainable through the pulley A secured to the boss D. on
which is cast the pinion giving motion through the spur wheel and shaft G to
the shafts H, I, and J, as before described, and thus producing the quick
return motion required.
Drawings D and E show the machine as constructed with the screw table
motions. Fig. 7 is a plan view, with the table removed to show the screw
and gearing; Fig. 8, a plan view over all; Fig. 9, (Drawing E,) is an end
elevation at I, K, (Drawing D); Fig. 10 is an end elevation at L, M ; in
both of these elevations two of the standards and cross slide are supposed to be
removed, so as to show the front of the other, with the saddle slides mounted
thereon; Figs. 11 and 12 are respectively side elevations of these machines at
N, O, and P, Q, (Drawing D). The same part of the machine are lettered
with similar letters as before.
In describing this part of my Invention it is important that I direct special

page_text: attention to the lock screws which are fitted in the spur wheels O and P, and
marked and R. I will, as before, first describe the double cutting motion;
and afterwards change to a single cut and quick return. The parts of the
machine being supposed to be in the position' sliown upon the Drawings D:
aud E, take out the lock screw R, leaving the lock screw N in position, move
the starting lever from its central position, which will effect the whole com-,
bination of levers, marked with italics, a, b, c, d, e, f, respectively, thereby
moving the strap off the free pulley A¹ on to the pulley. A keyed on to the
spur pinion B running loose on shaft C and gearing with spur wheel D keyed:
on boss E, which is cast solid therewith, the wheel D thus giving motion to
the mitre wheel F, and through it to the mitre wheel G, which is keyed on to
the end of the table screw H, which gives motion to the table I. The mitre
wheel J is keyed on to a boss K in the same manner as the mitre wheel F
before described, on which is keyed the spur wheel L driving a pinion M,
which is loose on the shaft C, but secured by the lock screw N to the spur
wheel O, keyed on to the said shaft, and also driving spur wheel P running loose
on the tie bolt Q. The wheels J, K, L, M, O, P, and also shaft C, are for
the present supposed to be running useless. The reverse cutting motion is
obtained thus:-The driving strap being moved on to the outside pulley A³,
which is keyed on to shaft C, gives motion to spur wheel O, also keyed to
shaft (C), and secured by lock screw N to pinion M, giving motion to spur
wheel keyed on to boss K, giving motion to mitre wheels J and G, the
latter being keyed on to end of screw H, by which the table I is moved, by
which an equal but reverse cutting motion is produced as before, the gearing
50, P, F, E, D, B, being now running uselessly. The single cutting and quick
return motion of the table are obtained in the following manner:-Take out
the lock screw N and replace the lock screw R and start the machine, as
before described. The cutting motion will in this case be given through the
wheels B, D, F, G, to the screw H and table I, when the metal on the latter
arrives at the end of the cut, move the driving strap off the pulley A* on to
the outside pulley A³; and the quick return motion of the table will be
effected through the wheels O, P, J, G, while the wheels M, L, F, D, B, will
be running useless. By this means the different motions obtained, as herein-
before described in reference to Drawing A, B, and C, will be effected by
5 the serew.
Having thus explained, illustrated, and particularly described my said
improved duplex machines, I hereby further declare that I more particularly
claim as my Invention, and desire to secure by the before-mentioned in part
recited Letters Patent,-

page_text: First, the single and double-acting improved planing machines, as herein
described.
Secondly, the construction of planing machines with, or the application
thereto, of an extra pair of standards and an extra cross slide with slow
forward and quick return motions for single cutting, and uniform motion for
double cutting.
Thirdly, the construction of planing. machines with, or the application
thereto, of the mechanical arrangement and construction of driving gearing, as
herein described, for actuating racks, screws, or other suitable mechanism for
giving the said slow forward and quick return and uniform motions for single
or double cutting.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Todd, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
.
Witness,
WILLIAM BULL, C. E.;
Chancery Chambers,
Chancery Lane,
London.
JOHN TODD. (L.s.)