IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MAKING PREPARINGS FROM WASTE SILK, COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, HEMP. AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MAKING PREPARINGS FROM WASTE
SILK, COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, HEMP. AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS,"-A
communication from M. Antoine Louis Warnery, Manufacturer, of
Lyons, in the Empire of France.
Sealed the 22nd May 1857, and dated the 25th February 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 25th February 1857.
J. WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex. Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MAKING PREPARINGS FROM
WASTE SILK, COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, HEMP, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be
as follows:-
The improvements, which form the subject of the present Invention, consist
in a peculiar arrangement of mechanical parts, forining an apparatus which
the Inventor terms a slivering machine (rubanneur-nappeur).
is applied in front of the drawing roller, and forms part
apparatus.
This apparatus
of the drawing
The Invention has for its object to facilitate the consolidation of the fibres
to be drawn, and to prevent the entanglement or knotting. of the fibres in the

page_text: slivers, or in the bats formed by laying these slivers one over the other, either
when used in combing, carding, drawing, roving, or twisting machinery.
or in any other machinery employed in the preparation for spinning of
waste silk and fibrous substances generally, such as cotton, flax, wool. &c.
By drawing rollers are meant the arrangement of rollers in a drawing
frame, which take off (by drawing it more or less from the combs or
cylinders which hold it) the bat or sliver, which they present to the drawing
operation.
In working "preparings" for spinning various fibrous substances. and
especially waste silk, there is generally much difficulty in consolidating the
sliver on coming from the drawing rollers, as the fibres become attached to
and lap round the various parts of the machinery in motion which they touch
or come near, either from their adherence to those parts, or from the effect of
electricity, which tends to disperse the fibres.
The object of the improved apparatus is to avoid these evils, by conducting.
without a chance of entanglement, the sliver or bat out of the sphere of action
of the rollers which have drawn it in the form of a thin sliver. but firm and
well knit, and of the same width as when presented to the drawing operation.
And in case the sliver should be found not to be well formed, i.e. the fibres
not to adhere well together (as on first drawing after irregular spreading of
the fibres), to form from a number of slivers placed one upon the other a
regular bat of the thickness required for the succeeding operation.
In order that this improved apparatus may be the better understood. I
will, as an example. describe its application to a "spreader," and also to a
screw gill, for the preparation of waste silk or floss silk. In the former caso,
a bat consisting of short fibres is made of slivers which have been formed of
fibres possessing too little consistency to be left in that form, and they are
therefore made into the form of a bat of regular and sufficient thickness.
In the second case, the drawn bat is delivered in the form of a regular
sliver.
This apparatus may also be applied to other machines, such as carding
engines, spinning frames, &c., and also to any other arrangement of drawing
machinery, worked either by chain gills, comb cylinders, or other arrange-
ments; it may also be employed, although perhaps with less advantage, outside
the drawing cylinder, or in front of the guide rollers.
When applied to a Heilmann's machine for long fibres of waste silk, it
would be employed to form a bat, either by drawing it direct or in front of
the endless band cylinder, which serves to feed the sliver drum or cylinder
provided with card teeth.

page_text: In Hubener's machines, the apparatus for forming a bat or sliver would be
applied direct to the drawing rollers.
It will also be seen that, in all cases which may occur in the preparation
for spinning of various textile materials, especially in those in which a very
thin sliver is obtained after drawing or taking off, the improved apparatus
will render its delivery easy without loose fibres, entanglement, or stoppage.
The drawing operation is also facilitated by the pressure which accompanies
and supports the sliver on its leaving the drawing rollers, inasmuch as the
taking off of long fibres is facilitated, and the curling up of the fibres is
prevented, at the same time that there is less pressure upon the presser
cylinder; and as there are no knots or other irregularities in the fibres
which can injure it, it will remain for a longer time in a serviceable state.
In applying the present improvements to a screw gill, the substance spread
behind the gills is fed to these latter by an endless band and other suitable
contrivances, from whence it is drawn between rollers and deposited upon an
endless band; it is then passed under and over other rollers, and conducted by
the endless band to a drum, around which it is passed; then another roller on
the opposite side of the drum, and which is made to rotate near the endless
band by friction of contact with the cylinder, carries the sliver back to the
drum, instead of allowing it to be conducted away. A fresh layer of material
is laid over this sliver in the like manner, and so on until a bat of the required
thickness has been formed.
If, instead of producing bats, it were desired in any given case to produce
slivers, it would only be necessary to cause a roller to press upon the endless
band, which would by its movement cause the roller to rotate, and would
leave the sliver upon the endless band, which would conduct it to another
pair of rollers, so as to take the long sliver out of the machine.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 25th August 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Iler Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the

page_text: said William Edward Newton, Iler special license that 1. the said William
Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I. the said William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to tinic and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make. use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MAKING PREPARINGS FROM WASTE SILK, COTTON,
WOOL, FLAX, HEMP, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," being a communication
from M. Antoine Louis Warnery. Manufacturer, of Lyons. in the Empire of
France, upon the condition (amongst others) that I. the said William Edward
Newton, by an instrument in writing under my hand and scal, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
The improvements, which form the subject of the present Invention, consist
in a peculiar arrangement of mechanical parts, forming an apparatus which
the Inventor terms a slivering machine (rubanneur-nappeur). This apparatus
is applied in front of the drawing roller, and forms part of the drawing
apparatus.
The Invention has for its object to facilitate the consolidation of the fibres
to be drawn, and to prevent the entanglement or knotting of the fibres, or the
occurrence of projecting loose fibres on the slivers, or in the bats formed by
laying these slivers one over the other, either when used in combing, carding,
drawing, foving, or twisting machinery, or in any other machinery employed
in the preparation for spinning of waste silk and fibrous substances generally,
such as cotton, flax, wool, &c. By drawing rollers are meant the arrange-
ment of rollers in a drawing frame, which take off (by drawing it more or less
from the combs or cylinders which hold it) the bat or sliver, which they
present to the drawing operation.
In working "preparings" for spinning various fibrous substances, and
especially waste silk, there is generally much difficulty in consolidating the
sliver on coming from the drawing rollers, as the fibres become attached to

page_text: and lap round the various parts of the machinery in motion which they touch
or come near, either from their adherence to those parts, or from the effect of
electricity, which tends to disperse the fibres.
In dry cold weather these inconveniences increase to such an extent as to
render the working almost impossible, causing the sliver to be irregular and
full of knots, and lumps, and noils. The pressing rollers are also much
injured by loose fibres, which causes great imperfection in the work, and also
increases the expense of keeping the apparatus in proper condition.
The object of the improved apparatus is to obviate or counteract these
evils, by conducting (without a chance of entanglement) the sliver or bat out
of the sphere of action of the rollers which have drawn it in the form of a
thin sliver, but firm and well knit, and of the same width as when presented
to the drawing operation. And in case the sliver should be found not to be
well formed, that is, the fibres not to adhere well together (as on first drawing
after irregular spreading of the fibres), a regular bat of the thickness required
for the succeeding operation is formed from a number of slivers placed one onl
the other.
1
In order that this improved apparatus may be the better understood, I will,
as an example, describe its application to a "spreader," and also to a screw gill,
for the preparation of waste silk or floss silk. In the former case, a bat con-
sisting of short fibres is made of slivers which have been formed of fibres
possessing too little consistency to be left in that form, and they are therefore
made into the form of a bat of regular and sufficient thickness. In the second
case, the drawn bat is delivered in the form of a regular sliver.
This apparatus may also be applied to other machines, such as carding
engines, spinning frames, &c., and also to any other arrangement of drawing
machinery, worked either by chain gills, comb cylinders, or other arrange-
ments; it may also be employed, although perhaps with less advantage, outside
the drawing rollers, or in front of the guide rollers.
When applied to a Heilmann's machine for long fibres of waste silk, the
improved apparatus would be employed to form a bat, either by drawing it
direct or in front of the endless band cylinder, which serves to feed the sliver
drum or cylinder provided with card teeth.
In lubener's machines, the apparatus for forming a bat or sliver would be
applied direct to the drawing rollers.
'
It will also be seen that, in all cases which may occur in the preparation for
spinning of various textile materials, especially in those in which a very thin
sliver is obtained after drawing or taking off, the improved apparatus will
render its delivery easy without loose fibres, entanglement, or stoppage.

page_text: The drawing operation is also facilitated by the pressure which accompanies
and supports the sliver on its leaving the drawing rollers, inasmuch as the
taking off of long fibres is facilitated, and the curling up of the fibres is pre-
vented, at the same time that there is less pressure upon the presser cylinder;
and as there are no knots or other irregularities in the fibres which can injure
it, it will remain for a longer time in a serviceable stafe.
In the accompanying Drawing, Figures 1 and 2 shew the improved appa-
ratus applied to a screw gill spreader, Fig. 1 being a side elevation, and Fig. 2
a plan view of the same. Similar letters denote corresponding parts in both
these Figures.
A is a bracket, carrying the drawing apparatus; B, the main shaft, to which
motion is communicated from any prime mover; N is a saddle piece for
giving pressure to the roller e by means of a rod M passing through the
curved piece E and lever C. The rod M is jointed to the saddle piece N at
a, and to the projecting axle of this joint is attached a hooked lever L, a pin
on the other extremity of which rests in a slotted bracket J, mounted on a
support H. is a steel roller, which may be either grooved or plain, between
which and the smooth iron roller d the endless band o passes, thence over or
between the rollers d, r, s, to the drum y. Pressure is imparted to the rollers
c and d by means of the presser roller c above mentioned. This pressure is so
regulated by means of the rod L as to exert its greatest force upon the roller
c, while a very slight pressure (say, from one-fifth to one-sixth of the entire
pressure) is exerted upon the roller d; p is a doctor roller, for keeping the
presser roller clean. From the roller & the endless band passes down round
the drum y, between rollers t, u, over rollers v, h, and over guide rollers m, m,
back to the roller d. Pressure is put upon the endless band when passing
over the roller by means of the weight of a presser roller c, or this roller
may be made to bear upon the drum g, according to whether a bat or sliver
is being formed.
The operation of this machine is as follows: The fibrous substance
to be operated upon is spread behind the gills F, and fed to these latter by
mcans of an endless band and rollers, or other suitable contrivances, not
shewn in the Drawing; from when it is drawn by the rollers c, d, e, and
deposited upon the endless band o, o. on the roller d, and it is then passed
under and over the rollers r and s, which latter presses it against the drum y,
around which it is passed; the drum in rotating carries it round to the opposite
side, where a roller . which is made to rotate near the endless band roller u
by friction of contact with the cylinder, carries the sliver back to the drum
instead of allowing it to be conducted away. A fresh layer of material is laid

page_text: over this silver in the like manner. and so on, until a Dat of the required thick-
ness has been formed. The thickness is generally determined by the quantity
or weight of material to be operated upon, which is supplied to the attendant.
and which is spread out to a given length. When the given quantity has
passed through the machine the attendant passes to the front of the machine,
cuts off the bats, and removes them without necessitating the stoppage of the
machine.
Instead of lapping the bats round a drum, it is evident that they might be
lapped round an endless band, arranged in any analogous manner.
The rollers is loose in its bearings, in order that it may be made always to
bear upon the material under operation, this roller being carried round by the
onward motion of the endless band o: this is also the case as regards the roller
on the other side of the drum or cylinder y.
If, instead of making bats, it were desired to produce slivers, it would only
be necessary to apply the arrangement represented in blue in the Figures. by
which means a roller would be made to press upon the endless band, which
would by its movement cause that roller to rotate, and would leave the sliver
upon the endless band. which would conduct it to the roller h, and thence over
the table G to another pair of rollers k, l, by which the long sliver would be
drawn out of the machine. The roller d on one side of the drum imparts
movement to the roller on the other side of the drum by means of pullies
9, 11, round which a driving band is passed, as shewn by yellow lines in the
Figure. I would here observe, that instead of the rollers
and i (Figures 1
and 3). n presser roller acted upon by a weight or screw may be employed.
Figures 3 and 4 represent a gill drawing head constructed on the improved
principle. Fig. 3 being a side elevation, and Fig. 4 a plan view of the same.
As the principal parts are similar to those of the machine above described, and
are marked with similar letters of reference, I have not thought it' necessary
again to refer to them, but will simply describe those parts which are different
from those of the machine represented at Figures 1 and 2. The sliver is
drawn through the gills F, and consolidated by the system of rollers c, d, e,
similar to those in the first-described machine, and conducted on to the end-
less band o on the roller d, by which it is pressed against the cylinder /, this
cylinder being carried round by friction of contact and the forward movement
of the endless band; thence it passes to the roller g, which is actuated in like
manner; by the action of the band upon this roller g and the movement of the
presser roller i, the sliver is carried forward to the roller h, which conducts it
to the doubling table G, from whence it is drawn by the rollers k, l.
In this machine the endless band is kept distended by means of a single

page_text: pulley m, on the axle of which is a hooked rod, which is capable of adjustment
to any required degree of tension by a screw and nut. Motion is communi-
cated from the main shaft to the rollers c, d, by means of gearing 10, 10. shewn
by yellow lines in Fig. 4. The gearing 10, 10, takes into and drives the
intermediate wheels 1, 1, and 2, 2. The two rollers c and d are driven at
equal surface speeds, and cause the presser roller e to rotate by friction of
contact. The toothed wheel 3 on the shaft of the roller c lakes into another
wheel 4, and communicates the same movement to the roller h by means of a
wheel 5 on its shaft, and another toothed wheel 6 on the other extremity of
this shaft communicates the same surface speed to the rollers k, 1. by means
of the gearing 7, 8.
Fig. 5 represents these improvements applied to an arrangement, in which
two endless bands o, o', are employed in the same manner as in ordinary
drawing machinery. In this arrangement the rollers c, d, e, may be made of
smaller diameter.
Fig. 6 shews this arrangement drawn to the real size. The roller c is
grooved and may be made to drive the roller e, either by friction of contact or
by gearing therewith, the said roller being made to bear more lightly upon tho
endless band of the roller d, which is not grooved, and the diameter of which
is such that the endless band o, o', has the same speed as that of the roller e.
Having now described the Invention of improved machinery for making
preparings from waste silk, cotton, wool, flax, hemp, and other fibrous sub-
stances, and having explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, as
communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, I claim, as the Invention
secured to me by Letters Patent as aforesaid, the mode, herein shewn and
described. of forming a bat or sliver from loose fibres, and the application
thereof to various kinds of preparing machinery, for the purpose herein set
forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Twenty-first day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
W. E. NEWTON. (L.s.).