CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN AN ARTIFICIAL METHOD OF SWEEPING CHIMNIES INVENTED BY ME, AND AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE PREPARING AND MANUFACTURING PIECES USED FOR CONSTRUCTING THE CHIMNIES INVENTED BY ME, SO AS TO RENDER THE SAID PIECES CAPABLE OF BEING BETTER JOINED TOGETHER, AND MORE ADVANTAGEOUSLY USED FOR CONVEYING SMOKE, WATER, AND OTHER FLUIDS OR BODIES IN A DIVIDED OR PULVERALENT STATE IN ANY REQUIRED DIRECTION
Year: 1807

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ELIZABETH
BELL, of Blackheath, in the County of Kent, Spinster, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of His United Kingdom, bearing
date at Westminster, the Seventh day of March, in the forty-seventh year of
His reign, give and grant unto me, the said Elizabeth Bell, my exors, admors,
and assigns, His especial licence that I, the said Elizabeth Bell, my exors,
adñiors, and assigns, should and lawfully might, during the term of years
therein mentioned, make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and
the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in all His Majesty's Colonies and
Plantations abroad, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN AN ARTIFICIAL
METHOD OF SWEEPING CHIMNIES INVENTED BY ME, AND AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE
PREPARING AND MANUFACTURING PIECES USED FOR CONSTRUCTING THE CHIMNIES
INVENTED BY ME, SO AS TO RENDER THE SAID PIECES CAPABLE OF BEING BETTER
JOINED TOGETHER, AND MORE ADVANTAGEOUSLY USED FOR CONVEYING SMOKE, WATER,
AND OTHER FLUIDS OR BODIES IN A DIVIDED OR PULVERALENT STATE IN ANY REQUIRED
DIRECTION;" and hath also invented "CERTAIN METHODS, MACHINERY, AND APPA-
RATUS USEFUL OR NECESSARY FOR MANUFACTORING SUCH PIECES, AND APPLICABLE FOR
THE PURPOSE OF FORMING VARIOUS ARTICLES OF POTTERY;" in which said Letters
Patent there is contained a proviso obliging me, the said Elizabeth Bell, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to cause a particular description
of the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six

page_text: calendar months from the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and
by the same, relation being thereunto had, may more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW VE that I the said Elizabeth Bell, in compliance with the
said proviso, do hereby declare that my said Invention is particularly ascer-
tained and described in and by the description hereunto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Elizabeth Bell, have hereunto set my
hand and scal, this Seventh day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seven.
said proviso, do hereby declare that my said Invention is particularly ascer-
tained and described in and by the description hereunto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Elizabeth Bell, have hereunto set my
hand and scal, this Seventh day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seven.
ELIZTH BELL. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENT IN ARTICLE No. 1 of the Specification of my former Patent,
dated 10th of May 1803.
No. 1. The apparatus at the top of the chimney may be made according to
the manner described in the Specification of my former Patent, dated the
Tenth day of May, One thousand eight hundred and three, and may be used
with considerable advantage; but the improved method will be found to be
more efficacious. It consists of a frame of iron or other materials composed of
two simicircles, which should possess a considerable degree of adjistment by
means of screws, so as to encompass and adapt themselves to all the various
sizes of chimney-pots that are now in use. To these simicircles are aro
attached upright barrs, and at the top of these are fixed cross barrs with a
couplo of supports, which cross bars contain the friction roller over which the
chain, rope, or line may be made to pass while it is performing its passage of
ascent and descent in the act of cleansing. This apparatus not only enables a
person to sweep any chimney from the bottom, but always provides a ready
method of keeping the chain, line, or ropo in a situation that the chimney may
bo cleansed at a moment's warning. The having a chain thus suspended in a
chimney will be found to produce a considerable benefit, as it will operato as
a convenient means to the apparatus herein-after described for extinguishing
fire in the chimney, may be instantly attached to it.
IMPROVEMENT IN THE ARTICLE No. 2 of the former Specification.
No. 2. My lever brush, as described in the former Specification, may bo
used in some chimneys; but it will be found in gencral more useful in its
operations when made according to the following improved manner:-I make
it in its general principle the same as before, except by making the body or
main piece circular instead of square, and inserting the ends of the levers in
the body or main piece, in order to prevent their catching on the seams of tho
brickwork on the lovers. I now make to each a pair of recurved springs

page_text: acting against each other, and the point of junction is let into and attached to
the main piece by means of a pin or privat, at the same time so free and loose
as to permit the springs to move at their point of junction in any required
direction. These springs, at their lowest extremity, are furnished with a caso
or bed to receive the shaft of the lever, and the lever above the part furnished
with brushes, prevented from reciding from it by a pin. The upper extremity of
the lever is let into the block, body, or main piece by a knee or double joint
capable of permitting it to have such a motion as to act freely in every
required direction, which action is regulated by the springs, so as to make it
expand and contract according as it is pressed upon by the sides of the chim-
ney in its ascent and descent, and the middle lever is moved outwards by a
circular spring acting from the centre to that part of the lever above the brush.
The action of the lever is likewise regulated by cords or chains passing thro
the lever ncarest to the extremity where the brushes are placed for the purpose
of cleaning the chimney. The cords pass from thence, and are united in ono
point of junction, thro' an eye and friction roller. The means of regulating
them are described in my former Specification. Instead of the tube being, as
before, made of a length sufficient to sweep the pot on the top of the chimney,
I have constructed a small circular brush, with a perforation to permit the
chain to pass thro' it, in order to ascend before any of the sweeping brushes,
for the purpose of cleansing the pot on the top of the chimney; and I some-
times make a small brush, of the figure and dimensions necessary to cleanse
the pot, and this small brush ought to pass up before the rest; and I further
improve this by giving the pipe or tube a flaunched socket, which will be
capable of receiving any of the rods commonly in use, whereby the brush may
be put up the chimney, and those flaunched sockets may be made either to
receive plain or screwed rods, whichever may be most convenient.
IMPROVEMENT IN ARTICLE No. 3 of my former Specification, called my
SWEEPER.
ELASTIC
No. 3. My elastic egg-shaped sweeper, as described in my former Specification,
will be found adapted for the generality of flues; but in those flues whose figures
are considerably oblong, it is obvious that a sweeper which assumes a circular
or eliptic figure, will not extend itself to all the parts of such a flue. I have
therefore provided and recommended the improvement and alteration I have
now made in the exterior figure of this brush, in order to render it capable of
assimulating itself to the figure of the various flues intended to be cleansed,
for which purpose the sweeper, in its exterior form, must be either a square or
a parallelogram, whichever may be found most suitable, and instead of the

page_text: spring formerly described, I generally give it tho internal elastic motion by
springs of the curvature and figure assimulating with its external figure, and
with the limbs of the brush, and to those springs I attach rollers working in
a frame or groove fixed on the pipe or tube that is in the middle of the brush;
and to the said pipe or tube I add a flanched socket, which will be capable of
receiving any of the rods commonly in use, whereby the brush may be put up
the chimney; and these flanched sockets may be made either to receive plain
or screwed rods, whichever may be found most convenient when the operation
is to be performed by rods instead of chains; but when chains are to be used,
each of the limbs of the elastic brush is furnished with a small chain attached
to a small circle which encompasses the chain that pulls up, and this small
circle is moved upon two, three, or moro small pillars that proceed from the
fulcrum, with power of running up and down those pillars to draw in or let
out the limbs of the brush, which circle can be pulled by one chain or rope
from the bottom. This I call my regulating chain, which, descending to the
opening at the bottom of the flue, may be worked by the crane as hercafter
described. The purpose of this rope is to prevent the possibility of the brush
catching on the bricks in its descent. The purpose of this is to prevent the
possibility of the brush catching on the bricks on its descent.
IMPROVEMENT IN ARTICLE No. 4 of the former Specification.
No. 4. The apparatus at the bottom of the chimney consists of a frame of
wood made to fit the front or opening of the chimney; and in order that it
may fit all chimnies I make it in two, three, or more divisions, which are
attached to each other by means of leather or flexible hinges folded in the
manner of bellows to render it capable of expanding and contracting, so as to
fit the various sizes of the openings of chimnies; and I make this frame or
screen not only to cover the opening of the chimney, but it likewise passes
over and covers the hearth and grate, and is all united by means of the afore
said leather or flexible hinges. It is intended to receive the soot which falls
during the operation of sweeping, and which may be carried out of the apart-
ment in this frame without causing any dust to come into the room, so that
the chimney may be swept without much injury to the chamber. The frame
is held fast either by an upright holding within the breast of the chimney, or
by a screw. A common screen or curtain may be used in houses of an inferior
kind. The apparatus attached to this, as described in my former Specification,
for producing the ascent and descent of my sweeper worked by chains, ropes,
or lines, may be used with considerable effect; but the mode which I have
now adopted is much more advantageous in every point of view, which is by

page_text: means of a portable crane made of iron or other sufficiently strong materials.
This crane may have such a train of cog wheels as the power and velocity of
its performance requires. To this crane there is a double roller or drum, one
of which rollers or drums produces the ascent in the chimney, and the other
the descent. This crane so constructed will enable a child to sweep and
cleanse the longest chimney with considerable ease. The crane may be used
on the outside of the frame or curtain placed on the hearth or any part of the
chamber without soiling the apartment in the smallest degree, as the chains in
their passage through the frame or curtain are compleatly cleansed of every
particle of soot by means of brushes and sponge which are attached to the
inside of the frame at that part where the chain comes out and passes over a
friction roller in its way to the crane. The frame is to have a small shutter to
slide open, that the operator may take the sweeper from the chain when the
chimner has been cleansed.
No. 5. The method described in my former Specification may be used, but I
have now improved it by making the frame with a power of altering its figure
by means of screws, so as to adapt itself to the various forms of chimnies.
IMPROVEMENT IN ARTICLE No. 6 of my former Specification.
CYLINDER BRUSH.
No. 6. In the cylender brush, as described in the former Specification, may
be used, but in its present improved state it will be found in most cases moro
suitable; I now construct it by dividing it longitudenally into two, three, or
more pieces by means of hinges of iron, leather, or other convenient material,
and I sometimes divide it in an horizontal direction so as to make it by those
divisions pass easily over the angles of the flue. This brush is intended for
the purpose more especially of cleansing circular chimnies, No. 7 (rotary
sweeper), as described in my Specification, dated May the Tenth, One thousand
eight hundred and three, and now improved. This brush or brushes is as follows:-
I give it or them a rotary motion, the same as before, at the same time that it
is performing its ascent or descent in the chimney; and this rotary motion I
produce either from the top or the bottom of the chimney by any of the means
by which rotative motion can be produced. A brush possessing these powers
will be found particularly advantageous in small flues, as it is well known that
such a motion given to a body of a figure which is capable of extending its
limbs in an horizontal direction, drives the full power of centrifugal force, which

page_text: will cause all loose matter or bodies to fly off without any part of the dis-
charging machine or brush coming in such contract with the chimney as to
prevent ascent or descent, and the brush which employ for this purpose is of
a figure nearly resembling my egg-shaped elastic sweeper, but of smaller diinen,
sions, and the limbs or pièces joined loosely together by means of leather or cloth,
or other flexible substanco, and without springs in the internal part. Improve
inent in the apparatus for extinguishing fire, as described in my former Speci-
fication, may be used; but I do recommend in most cases the following
improvement-The exterior figure may be either square, circular, or parrellelo-
gram, or ovál, or of such figure as most easily to suit the fluo of the buildings
where it is to be used; and in order that it may be capable of altering its figure
I make it of ribs or staves of metal or incombustible materials, so placed as to
be capable of contracting and expanding, and of such size and form as never
compleatly to separate from each other; and this, vessel so formed I furnish
with a lining of leather or skin or any substance capable of containing water,
and flexible, which lining must be compleatly guarded by the exterior metal
figure, and the lining and metal covering, must be furnished with a valve,
shutter, or slide, to be operated upon by a spring or check; in all other respects
it is similar to the Specification of my former Invention. The blocks for
circular chimnies I-make according to the, manner, described in my former
Specification, except that I have improved them by sometimes making the
circle in the middle beveled, so as to accord with the intended curvature or
angle of the flue instead of perpendicular,,as, formerly, at the same time that
the exterior preserves. 'its, perpendicular and square form. And I farther
improve the blocks. by making them of such a form as may render them capable
of being put to a certain heighth in the chimnies which have already been built
of a square form, in which case I make their exterior form of a circular figure,
with beveled or sloping joints and over-lapings, so formed that with the
aid of cement no air or smoke can penetrate through them; and I sometimes
make them with knees or slopings to assimulate with the bevel of the flucs of
such chinnies; and the said circular blocks may be not only used for the
purpose of conveying smoke, but also of conveying all sorts of fluids or
bodies in a pulveralent state; and in order to render them generally useful,
and in all situations fit for conveyance of water or other flues, and that they
may be incapable of injuring the water or fluids, I give the internal part a
certain degree of vitrofication by means of any of the substances best capable
of producing a powerful and firm vitrifocation; and likewise in order to pro-
tect them from external injury and to add to the strength of the pipes or blocks
mcant for the conveyance of fluids, I take them after they are burnt and

page_text: sufficiently cold, and wash them with a strong cement, and instantly roll them in
the feriginous clay, or any other strong clay, either mixed or otherwise, to an
inch or more thick, and let them harden in the sun, and then wash them again
in the cement; but when they are intended for inferior purposes, the expence
of the covering of clay and cement may be omitted.
Having found during the progress of my making my pipes or blocks, tho
manufacture greatly retarded by the method generally used by potters, I now
find it absolutely necessary to employ the following mechanical means; that is
to say, I form and manufacture the blocks by means of troughs or moulds of
the exact dimensions requisite for the different kinds of blocks, either those for
the upright shaft of the flue or for the beveled parts of it. On the bottom of
these troughs or moulds I place sliders or carrying boards furnished with the
requisite mouldings and fittings to form the joints of one side of the blocks, and
having so placed those moulded carrying boards, I fill the troughs or moulds
with the clay or other material of which the blocks are to be made, and after
the trough is filled, and pressed, and streaked and smoothed off with a streaker
or other fit and convenient instrument, I cover it over with a lid, shutter, or
other convenient, fitted with mouldings to form the joints of the other side of
the blocks, the said lid having circular openings placed at due distances to
adinit of an instrument to pass through for the purpose of perforating the
blocks in a circular or other figure, and of the diameter necessary to form the
required internal perforation of the blocks. The clay or admixture so enclosed
is introduced between a pair of rollers of sufficient strength and capability of
not only pressing but of forming such minute impressions as may be requisite
to the formation of clay in any shape; this method of working clay will
duce great exactness in the most minute parts, and such a degree of solidity as
will in a great measure prevent the carthenware from cracking in the drying.
The clay being thus pressed and prepared for perforation, will be found to be
more easily and safely perforated than in any other stage in which clay can be
operated on, more especially when it is perforated by means of a borer in the
form of a pipe or tube, which I generally place in any required angle so as to
give the appertures in the blocks any required directions. This mode of boring
will not only be more expeditious, but much more accurate than is capable of
being done by any drill in use.
pro-
Second method of making the blocks. I sometimes make my circular
blocks or pipes by means of enclosing the clay (after it is duly prepared), of
which they are to be made or formned, into a tube, cylinder or barrell, or mould,
which takes asunder by joints, pins, or hinges, or other convenient means. The
interior figure of this said tube or cylinder or barrel must accord with the

page_text: ;
exterior form of my blocks or pipes, and the clay so enclosed I borc, perforate,
or pierce, by means of a piercer whose length is twice that of the pipe or block
one half of the said length is taper, the other cylindrical, and whose greatest
diameter is equal to the full diameter of the aperture of the pipes or blocks;
and the one end of the cylindrical points of the piercer or borer must be of
such a figure as to produce the required joint of the block or pipe, as to make
them fit to and exactly join into one another; and this piercer I introduce in
a centrical position into the mould which contains the clay to be pierced, and
is kept in order by a guage; and by means of a pile engine, or common ram,
screw, or other forcing power, I drive the piercer through the whole length of
the enclosed clay in the mould, and the clay which the piercer discharges I
allow to pass through a hole at the bottom of the mould, and when the whole
of the taper part of the piercer shall have arrived completely through the pierced
block or formed pipe, then I give a rotatory motion to the piercer, which not only
makes a smooth surface in the interior of the pipe, but renders it very solid and
firm, and gives a readiness and facility to the drawing of the piercer. This mode
of making my pipes or perforated blocks will be found to be not only the most
expeditious, but the most perfect, as pipes or blocks so made will not be liable to
crack, as is so frequently the case in all articles of pottery of a long perforated
figure. Or the before-mentioned piercer may have a brass wire passed down the
whole length of the cylinder, and the wire confined in a double ring, which ring
passes round the cylinder; the wire by this means is drawn round the cylinder
for the purpose of cutting off the clay from the piercer.
Likewise I have found great delay and expence incurred by the usual method
of grinding the clay, and that the stones and other extraneous matter not being
separated from the clay, causes great loss by the articles breaking in the
burning, owing to stones left in the clay, I therefore make the apparatus for
grinding and mixing the clay as follows:-
I make a trough, tub, or cylendar of iron, or other sufficiently strong ma-
terial, of a circular or oblong or square figure, open at the top, and of such
dimensions as may best suit to hold the quantity of clay required to be ground;
and the inside of this trough, tub, or cylender is furnished with knives or
cutters placed at different angles, which knives project three or four or more
inches from the sides of the said trough, tub, or eylender, and in its centre is
stationed a pillar or spindle of iron or other strong material, upon which I place
six, eight, or more knives or cutters, placed at different angles, and which shall
in one revolution of the pillar or spindle operate upon the whole of the clay
may be contained in the trough; and the knives thus placed on the pillar
or spindle must have their position such as shall permit their passing easily
that

page_text: between the spaces, distance, or opening left between the knives or cutters
aforesaid that are fastened on the inside of the trough; (that is to say,) the
spindle in its revolution round its own axis causes these knives and cutters to
pass between the knives that are fixed on the inside of the trough, so placed
as to act in a transverse direction. I place the knives at such distance from
each other as to leave room for the clay to pass the spindle or pillar which I
make to revolve in the interior of the trough, and there is a shaft of iron passed
through the pillar or spindle, and this shaft rises and falls, by which means
four or more iron or other rollers that are fixed to it are made to revolve in
their respective orbits, and act as breakers of the clay by their gravity and
motion, and instead of the spindle, pillar, or main mover, the mill being operated
upon in the usual manner of a lever bearing on the horses neck, and I attach
to it a lever and balance, or in some cases I place on the top of the spindle or
pillar one, two, or more notched wheels placed in a horizontal direction, and
one wheel attached to the internal shaft and the other to the spindle or pillar,
and those notched wheels are acted upon by two or more notched wheels placed
in a perpendicular position, which wheels are acted upon by the first moving
power hereafter mentioned. To the pillar or spindle is also fixed a knife,
scraper, or shovel, to collect the clay that may be so ground or broke, and by
means of a valve or door made in a convenient part of the trough, discharge the
ground clay through an opening or hopper into a receiver or reservoir. And
in this receiver or reservoir, at a convenient distance below the hopper, I provide
two or more rollers made of iron, or any sufficiently strong and durable ma-
terial, placed at one, two, three, or more inches apart from each other, so as to
permit the clay to introduce itself between the rollers, the distance to be more
or less according to the dryness or moisture of the clay that is to be passed
between them from the grinding mill; water is let into the mill at proper aper-
tures to moisten the clay if it becomes too dry. The rollers have a capability of
adjustment by means of screws, bolts, or other fastenings bearing on the socket that
holds the spindle of the rollers; that is to say, they must be capable of receding
from each other or being brought nearer each other, according to the state
and quality of the clay that is to pass through them. This set of rollers are not
placed exactly level but in a small degree inclined downwards from the hopper,
that is to say, the second roller is placed a small degree lower than the
first roller, which is nearest to the hopper of the mill; but the third roller
is placed nearly on a level with the first roller, working up against the second
one in a contrary direction, so as to prevent the clay from falling over and off
the second roller. This third roller serves to urge the clay to enter into the
opening or space that is between the first and second rollers, and in case any

page_text: clay should fall I provide a fourth roller, working up to the third roller, in
order to send the remaining clay down to the second set or bed of rollers.
This fourth roller will not bo necessary in small mills. The distance between
the first and second rollers is greater than that between the second and third.
These rollers receive their revolving power from a teethed wheel or wheel and
band, and beneath this first set of rollers is another set of rollers, mado and
placed in the same manner as the first set of rollers, and worked by the same
means. This second set or bed of rollers are onc, two, or more feet longer
than the first set, and aro brought closer to each other in order to prevent the
posibility of any stones or other hard and extranuous substances contained in
the clay from passing through them. This second set of rollers so placed
beneath the first set must project forward three, four, or more inches, according
as the opening between the first set of rollers as has been put by the
regulating power when at work. The person who attends the mill must be
careful that both sets are regulated to accord with each other, so as that thero
shall be a certainty of the clay entering between the rollers, and the rollers
must be put closer or at a greater distance from each other, according to the
coarseness or fineness of the ware intended to be made of the clay, and
between the lower and upper set of rollers must be an inclined board or plato
of iron, or any other strong material, placed immediately behind that roller of
the first set which is the nearest to the hopper or place which feeds the rollers
with the clay from the mill. The said inclined plane or board must descend to
the bottom of the receiver in order to prevent the clay from falling behind tho
first roller of the second set of rollers, and serves to propel the clay towards
the opening between the rollers of the second set, so as to force the clay to
enter between the rollers; and I do advise that when the stones in the clay aro
small, that the second set of rollers ought to be put at the distance of about
one half or one quarter of an inch from each other, so as to render it
impossible for any stone to pass through between them; and almost close to these
rollers is placed a knife or slicer in a lateral direction. This knife is intended
to cut the clay that passes from the upper rollers, and to thin it so as to render
the clay capable of passing between the second set of rollers, and beneath this
second set of rollers is a third set or hed of rollers, made one, two, or more feet
longer than the second set or bed of rollers, and placed in the same manner as
the second set; and this third set of rollers must be regulated so as to
approach nearer to each other than the second set, and to have a knife or
slicer acting upon it to cut the clay in the manner of the former set; and near
this last set of rollers is placed a trough, the edge of which is on a level with
the middle of the diameter of the last roller, which trough is meant to receive

page_text: the stones that may be separated from the clay. This trough is about a foot
or more deep. The workman must be careful to empty the trough from time
to time, as occasion may require, and likewise to stop the mill for the purpose
of clearing the eylenders or rollers from any stones that may have remained on
them. And when the reservoir that is below the rollers is filled with the clay
so cleansed, I empty it by means of an apparatus, as follows:-I place two
inclined planes at each side of the reservoir. Those planes are broad enough
to permit a wheel to pass up them, and those planes reach the whole length
and extent of the reservoir, and are moved higher or lower by means of a
screw or screws placed beneath them; these planes are meant to bear up a:1
apparatus for the purpose of emptying the reservoir, and carrying the clay
forward towards the carts that are to take it away; which apparatus is as
follows:-
First, a bar or beam of wood or iron, or other strong material, made to
reach across the width of the receiver. On each end of this beam is placed a
wheel, and from this beam descends a frame, on the lower extremity of which
are placed rakers or scrapers, and this frame has a power of adjustment, which
is regulated by eyes and bolts to raise it up or let it down, according to the
quantity and depth of clay in the reservoir. And this frame of scrapers or
rakers serves to carry forward the clay and force it into a semi-circular trough
which is sustained by arms or bars proceeding from the great beam that
reaches across the reservoir; and from the centre of each of the wheels that
are fixed at the end of the great beam there proceeds an upright bar of iron
or wood, upon each of which uprights are fixed, at about two, three, or more
fect, a long bar or lever of wood or iron, which levers are placed in a horizontal
direction, but inclining a little upwards. The other end of these two levers is
fixed to a cross bar, which bar has another lever projecting forward from its
centre. This last lever has its other end fastened to the rim of a large wheel,
one half revolution of which wheel draws the frame of scrapers and trough
up the inclined planes to the place where the carts are to receive the clay, and
the other half revolution of the wheel sends the same frame and apparatus
back down the inclined planes. The clay may be taken out of the reservoir of
the mill by this means, or any other of the common methods of raising heavy
bodies. Or the clay may be removed and taken out of the reservoir or
receiver by the following method, when the manufactory is in constant work, so
as to take the clay away as soon as it comes out of the mill.
Second method is as follows:-I place a trough or box below the last set
or bed of rollers, which trough is proportioned to the size of this last set of
rollers. The trough hangs on ledges or sliders in the manner of a hanging

page_text: drawer, and has a bar or axis exactly below the middle of it, so as to bear it
nearly on a balance, and to each end of this bar or axis I fix small wheels or
rollers, which wheels are so groved as to admit a sheevo of rope or chain to
pass round it, and the same chain or rope is continued the whole length of tho
reservoir, and is sheeved or wound round any of the pullies now commonly in
use, or a Smeaton's pulley, and after the rope or chain is so passed over the
pulley, the other end of it is made fast to the great wheel before-mentioned, so
that by one, two, or inore revolutions of the great wheel the trough or box
filled with clay is drawn 'forward to the edge of the reservoir and emptied into
the carts, which is done by the following means:-There is a flap or shutter or
door in that part of the reservoir to which the carts approach to take the clay.
This door is of the dimensions to permit the one-part of the bottom of the
trough or box to fall inwards to the reservoir when the other end of the
trough is turned up to be emptied. One end of a rope or chain is fastened
to the back part of the trough, which rope or chain passes along the
trough and over a grooved wheel which is placed on a post or upwright
beam; or this wheel may be placed on the top of a triangle at a duo distance,
and high enough to clear the cart and horse which stand at the edge of the
reservoir. This rope, after passing over the wheel, is continued down from
thence, and passes through a pulley that is fixed' on a box or ring that encircles
the spindle of a centrifugal regulator. The end of the rope is, by means of a
hook and eye, or any other common fastening, made fast at pleasure to this
box; and there is one end of a rod of iron or other material fastened to the box,
and the other end is connected with a centrifugal regulator made in the usual
manner; the balls of the centrifugal power to have their weight increased by
other small weights attached to them or not, according to the quantity of clay
in the trough. When the centrifugal power is set in motion, its increased
velocity throws the balls farther from the centre, by which-means-the.rod.and
ropo attached to it are drawn up, by which means the other end of the rope
that-is fastened to the trough causes it to turn up in the manner which some
carts do on its axis, having been previously unfastened from the bolts or
screws which held it fast. When the trough is in this position it will easily
be emptied by the carmen into the carts; and in order to keep the trough in
this position a pin is put in below the box of the rod belonging to the rod of the
centrifugal power, in order to prevent the rod from falling down and letting back
the trough; and when the pin is to be taken out from below the rod the centrifugal
power must be put gently in motion in order to let the trough down gently,
and the trough is sent back again by means of a rope from the trough passed
through a pulley near the rollers, which ropes pass by means of pulleys on again

page_text: to the trough of the reservoir, and serves to pull back the trough again in
below the rollers in order to receive more clay.
And I do further declare that the several operations herein-before described
may be performed either by manual labour or by the application and use of
any other first mover, commonly known and used, such as the force of water
or steam, or the strength of animals, the same being duly connected, according
to the several purposes, by means and geer sufficiently well-known to operative
It is to be observed that clay thus worked and purified will be found
superior to clay that is ground in the usual manner. The great wheel before
mentioned may be put in motion by a horse, water, or any of the common first
moving powers.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Seventh day of September, in
the year of our Lord 1807, the aforesaid Elizabeth Bell came before our said
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid,
and all and everything therein contained and specified, in form above written.
And also the Specification aforesaid was stampt according to the tenor of the
Statute made for that purpose.
Talladh do of Santambon in the wook of our Lord One