Improvements in Gearing for Driving Cycles.
Year: 1897

page_text: Improvements in Gearing for Driving Cycles.
I, JACOB HENDRIK MANTEL, of Fyfhuizen, Haarlemmermeer, Province of Noord
Holland, Holland, Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
My invention relates to gearing for driving cycles on what is known as the
chainless" system that form known as the " Acatene" being the class of gearing
to which my invention applies. Such form as is well known consists of an arrange-
ment of bevel gears, a driving shaft and casings.
In carrying out my invention I arrange the bevel gear on the crank axle inside
of the crank bracket which is specially formed to receive same the gear wheel
being inside of the bearings so that the power exerted is applied equally to both
bearings.
These bearings which are ball bearings of some suitable form also serve as caps
to enclose the chamber in the crank bracket which receives the wheel so that dust
is prevented from entering with the exception of an opening on one side through
which the bevel gear of the driving shaft projects and which gear is enclosed by
a light metal casing.
The crank axle may also be made in one piece and be so constructed that it may
be readily withdrawn from the bracket together with the gear wheel and pedals
if desired.
The bracket chamber is formed of a ring piece to which the tube and stays of
the frame are connected and two removeable cover pieces in which are screwed the
bearings forming the caps before referred to.
The driving gear is secured on the driving shaft which is preferably hollow and
which is entirely enclosed by a fixed casing forming one of the stays or forks of the
frame such casing having an enlarged end to receive the balls and form part
of the bearing for the gear and it is to this that the light metal enclosing casing
before referred to is-in part secured, the other part of the casing being removeably
secured to the enclosing cover piece of the crank bracket on that side.
The bevel gear carried by the driving shaft at the other end is carried to a point
past the spindle of the back wheel. It is preferably dished in form to provide
room for the reception of fastening nuts and also the ball bearing at that end of
the shaft.
The hub of the back wheel revolves on the fixed spindle and is fitted with a set
of ball bearings on either side. To this hub is secured the other bevel
gear which
is preferably constructed to surround the ball bearings on that side and is arranged
within a bell shaped enlargement of the hub the outer periphery of which serves
for the attachment of the spokes at that side of the wheel.
This bell or enlarged part serves also for the attachment of the dust cap covering
the back bevel wheels.
The attachment of the back wheel spindle to the back fork tubes is effected on
one side by fastening it by screw and nut on to the fork end a step being pre-

page_text: ferably fixed a little higher up on the fork end instead of on the spindle so that
the bending of the spindle which sometimes occurs in mounting the machine is
avoided.
The opposite end of the spindle is provided witli a yoke and carries a centreing
stud which fits into a corresponding hole in a socket of the back fork tube, or the
spindle end effects this purpose.
The upper and lower ends of the yoke are bent round this socket and are
secured thereto.
..
By this arrangement not only is the exact position of the spindle obtained but it
is also rigidly attached to the frame and is also prevented from turning when the
ball bearings are being adjusted.
The driving gear is so arranged that the driving shaft is situated at right angles
to the crank axle and the back spindle so that the bevel wheels also stand at right
angles to one another, which constitutes a great advantage both for the construction
and mounting of the gear, whilst it enables the bevel wheels themselves to be also
conveniently and accurately adjusted.
The dust cap or casing for the back bevel wheels surrounds the socket of the
back fork tube or casing and its bevel wheel and is laid in an annular groove on
the bell shaped part of the back wheel. It is fastened to the socket by means of
screws and is pressed by suitable means into the groove and against the bell so
as to be dust tight.
Dated this 29th day of July 1897.
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
Chartered Patent Agent, London, for the Applicant.
Improvements in Gearing for Driving Cycles.
I, JACOB HENDRIK MANTEL, formerly of Fyfhuizen, Haarlemmermeer, Province
of Noord Holland, but at present of No. 126, Weesperzijde, Amsterdam, Holland,
Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement;-
Acatene
"
My invention relates to gearing for rear driving cycles and the like on what is
known as the "chainless" system that form usually designated the
being the class of gearing to which my invention applies. Such form as is well
known consists of an arrangement of bevel gears on the crank bracket and a similar
arrangement at the back wheel the two sets of gears being connected by a driving
shaft and enclosed in casings.
The object of my invention is to provide an extremely compact and effective
arrangement of the parts including the dust tight casings and to equalize the
strain on the bevel gear to which the power is first applied.
In carrying out my invention I arrange the bevel gear last referred to, inside
the crank bracket in such a way that the power applied to the crank shaft is taken
equally by two sets of ball bearings which are placed outside the said gear. This
arrangement is highly desirable not only in this form of driving by means of
bevel gears but in sprocket wheel and chain driving also where the equal loading
of both bearings is a point which has been much tried for.
The arrangement also enables a very effective construction of crank bracket to
be obtained such bracket almost entirely enclosing the gear with the assistance"
of the bearings which are constructed as caps the removal of which enables access
to be had to the gear while the construction also enables the cranks and the axlés
to be made in one piece and to be withdrawn together with the bevel gear if desired.

page_text: In the accompanying drawings in which is illustrated one form of my inven-
tion-
Fig. 1 is a sectional plan of the gear as applied to a bicycle.
Fig. 2 is an elevation of the crank bracket alone.
Fig. 3 is an elevation of the hub of the back wheel and driving gear.
Fig. 4 is an end view of same partly in section.
Fig. 5 is an elevation of a part of a bicycle to show an exterior view of the.
gearing as cased in.
The crank bracket is enlarged to form a narrow ring A with which the tube a
the diagonal tube b and the lower stay tubes cc¹ are connected as shown.
The ring A is enclosed on either side by covers BB¹ which carry the ball
bearings for the crank axle C. The distance between the bearings is made as great
as possible and the bearings themselves are secured in the covers BB by screw
threads and are locked therein by screw rings or nuts d.
The covers BB' are affixed to the ring A by means of three or more screws or
pins e (Fig. 2) passing through suitable lugs on the covers.
Between the ball bearings and on the crank axle C is the large bevel gear R
which is firmly secured to the axle.
This gear engages with a smaller gear R which is secured to the end of the
driving shaft D mounted in the back stay tube c.
This tube c carries a socket 2 at the end, which is recessed for the reception of
the ball bearings of the shaft 1) which shaft is preferably in the form of a tube.
By mounting this shaft within the tube no moving parts are present on the outside
of the machine which prevents the working of dust into the parts.
.
At the point where the gears R and R¹ come in contact an opening O is formed
(Figs. 1 and 2) in the cover B and all that is necessary to render the entire bracket
and the driving gears at this point dust-proof, is to cover this opening. This is
effected by means of a cap K of thin sheet metal which for convenience of attach-
ment is preferably made to enclose the ball bearing on the driving shaft as shown
and is enlarged into a ring k which is placed over one of the bearings and secured
to same by means of the adjusting screws or nut d.
The crank moves freely past this cap K. It will be seen that, after removing
the covers B B the crank C with the bevel gear B and even the pedals, can be taken
out of the bracket so that the crank axle and cranks can be made all in one piece
if desired.
The diameter of the bracket A is regulated by that of the gear R. In ladies
cycles which are not geared so high usually as mens, the part is correspondingly
smaller, and but slightly exceeds in size the bracket of a chain driven machine.
As the large gear R is arranged. between the crank, bearings and therefore
faces the other way to that usually employed the gear S mounted on the rear end
of the driving shaft D and engaging with the bevel wheel S on the back wheel,
must be situated behind the spindle E of the back wheel to secure a reversal of
the motion.
The S is attached to the driving shaft D) by screwing it thereto, adjusting
gear
nuts being employed to hold it in position and to provide for the reception of these
nuts and the ball bearings of the shaft D it is dished or formed in the shape of a
bell as shown.
'
The hub of the back wheel revolves on the fixed spindle E and is provided
with a set of ball bearings on either side. To this hub is secured the other bevel
gear S¹, which is preferably constructed to surround the ball bearings on that side
and is arranged within a bell shaped enlargement G of the hub, the outer periphery
of which serves for attachment of the spokes at that side of the wheel.
This bell or enlarged part G serves also for the attachment of the dust cap
covering the back bevel wheels.
The attachment of the back wheel spindle E to the back fork tubes cc' is effected
as follows

page_text: The left hand end is fastened merely by a screw and nut on to the end of the
socket H of the tube c¹ the step L being preferably fixed a little higher up on the
socket H instead of on the spindle so that the bending of the spindle which some-
times occurs in mounting the machine is avoided.
The opposite end of the spindle E is provided with a yoke M and carries a cen-
tering stud N which fits into a corresponding hole in the socket P of the back fork
tube c (Figs. 1 and 4) or the spindle E may project through for this purpose.
The upper and lower ends of the yoke M are bent round this socket and are
secured thereto by means of screws mm as shown.
By this arrangement, not only is the exact position of the spindle obtained but
it is also rigidly attached to the frame and is also prevented from turning when the
ball bearings are being adjusted.
The driving gear is so arranged that the driving shaft is situated at right angles
to the crank axle and the back spindle so that the bevel wheels stand at right
angles to each other, which constitutes a great advantage both in the construction
and mounting of the gear whilst it enables the bevel wheels themselves to be also
conveniently and accurately adjusted.
The change of speed can be effected by means of the bevel gear on the back
spindle instead of those on the crank axle or the task may be distributed between
the two sets.
The dust cap or casing T for the back bevel wheel surrounds the socket P of
the back fork tube or casing c and the bevel wheel S, and its edges engage in an
annular groove t on the bell shaped part G of the back wheel. It is fastened to
the socket P by means of screws so that its edges are kept pressed into the groove t
and against the rotating part G so as to be dust tight.
In Fig. 5, only the two dust caps K and T are shaded, so that their position on
the machine is shown more plainly, the whole forming a practical and sightly
method of construction of the driving gear.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:-
•
1. In driving gear for cycles and the like, a gear secured to the crank axle,
the crank bracket being formed as a ring to enclose said gear and provided with
removeable covers in which are carried bearings for the axle, the arrangement
enabling the gear together with the crank axle to be withdrawn on removal of one
of the covers and a second gear adapted to engage with the first through an opening
in one of the removeable covers, and a dust cap adapted to cover the second gear
and opening, substantially as and for the purpose described.
2. A driving gear for cycles and the like having a driving shaft arranged at
right angles to the crank axle and to the back wheel spindle, a fixed casing around
said shaft forming a part of the frame, a socket in which one end of the casing
is secured, a yoke attached to the back wheel spindle and secured to the socket and
an opening in the latter arranged to receive and centre the spindle end, or a stud,
substantially as and for the purpose described.
3. The arrangement and construction of parts comprising the crank bracket,
bearings, dust casing, and bevel gears enclosed thereby, substantially as described
and illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2.
4. The arrangement and construction of parts forming the back wheel driving
gear of a cycle, substantially as described and illustrated in Figs. 1, 3 and 4.
Dated the 25th day of April 1898.
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
Chartered Patent Agent, London, for the Applicant.