matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHAIN, AND IN APPARATUS AND MOULDS EMPLOYED FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Mould at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th July 1879.
GEORGE MOULD, of Sedgley, in the County of Stafford, Millwright and Pattern
Maker. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHAIN, AND IN APPARATUS
AND MOULDS EMPLOYED FOR THAT PURPOSE."
My Invention has reference principally to iron and steel chains for anchors and
cables composed of links either with or without cross studs or supports, but my
Invention is also applicable to the manufacture of chain generally, from other
metals or metallic alloys which can be cast.
.
I will describe my Invention as applied to the manufacture of a chain made of
cast homogeneous iron or steel by the use of the apparatus and moulds con-
stituting part of my Invention.
I cast in the ordinary way links of a nearly elliptical or other required figure.
I place a series of these links in a bed or support consisting of a metallic bed plate
having a groove of a breadth and depth equal to the diameter of the metal of the
links, so that when the links are placed in the said groove they are supported in a
vertical position. The said links are so placed in the said groove that the longer
diameter of the links is horizontal.
I cast connecting links, that is links situated horizontally, and each one con-
necting two of the vertical links supported as described in the following manner :-
I form moulds having the figure internally of the horizontal connecting links to be
cast, and externally such a figure that they embrace the ends of the two links to be
connected by the link to be cast. These moulds may be sand moulds, or they may
be chill moulds, that is cast iron moulds, and are each made in four parts, two
parts situated the one upon the other, being fixed on one side the vertical links,
and the other two parts similarly arranged on the other side of the vertical links,
the opposed faces of the parts of the mould on opposite sides of the vertical links
coming into contact within the two links to be joined. Each mould has a get and
air hole. Molten metal being poured into the get, the mould is filled therewith,
the air escaping at the air hole described. There is thus cast a link connecting the
two links about which it has been cast. A mould of the kind described is arranged
about the opposed ends of all the links supported in the bed plate, and by making
the last link of the chain thus formed the first of another series supported in the
bed plate a chain of any length may be made.

page_text: Where the chain is to be made of links having cross supports or studs, the links
supported in the bed plate are placed at such a distance apart as will permit of the
casting of a stud between them, and the mould has the internal figure requisite for
forming a link with a stud.
Where the links are without studs those supported in the bed plate may touch
each other end to end.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TARGETS AND SPEARS FOR A NEW ATHLETIC GAME
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Willert Beale at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st February 1879.
WILLERT BEALE, of Ravenstone House, Farquhar Road, Upper Norwood, Surrey.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TARGETS AND SPEARS FOR A NEW ATHLETIC GAME."
My Invention relates to improvements in the arrangement and construction of
targets and spears or darts for playing a new athletic game, capable of being played
out of doors or in the house, which will afford recreation and amusement in a simple
and inexpensive form. The improved target may be round, square, or of other form
as hereinafter more fully described. The material of which I propose to make the
target is of solid wood or iron, or wood and iron combined, or wood strongly braced
with iron behind, or of other suitable material. Tho target may be padded or faced
with leather, and bevelled, so that the highest part or the part of each target nearest
the players would be the centre. The bevelling is to allow the spears used in
playing the game to glance off on striking the target. I pierce the target with
holes of any suitable size, and they may be square, oval, or round in shape, and
each bears a number. The centre hole is backed by a flap of wood, iron, or other
suitable material, attached to the target by a hinge or other convenient means, and
connected with a bell or gong. The other holes are backed with paper fastened to
the target by clasps, springs, or pegs, or other simple contrivance, or they may be
backed with a flap like the centre hole, and connected with a bell or gong. The
target is supported in the ordinary way by legs or feet made of wood or iron.
My improved spear or dart is made of wood, cane, or iron, or of all or either
combined, or of other suitable material. It may be loaded with lead or iron, or it
may be feathered, so as to balance properly, and it tapers from the head to the tip,
to which is securely attached a solid piece of india-rubber, or the tip may be capped
with a thimble of india-rubber. Two inches or thereabouts of the head of the
spear is tapered in a contrary direction to the main part of the spear. The spear
or dart may be made of various lengths and weights suitable for persons differing
in height and strength, but advantageously of three fixed lengths, viz., two and a
half feet long (suitable for children), four feet long (suitable for ladies), and six feet
long (suitable for gentlemen). The spear or dart may be covered all or in part
with velvet or other material.
The players may stand at certain distances from the target, and the object of the
game is to score the highest number of marks by successfully throwing the spear or
dart through the holes in the target.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING CEREAL PRODUCE
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Maynard at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th April 1879.
ROBERT MAYNARD, of Whittlesford, in the County of Cambridge, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING CEREAL PRODUCE."
The object of this Invention is to prevent the serious accidents which frequently
occur to the attendants of the machinery used for cutting straw into chaff, and
consists of an endless chain or web which passes over and under the lower feed
roller which delivers the straw to the knives of a portable combined chaff engine as
described in the Specification of the Patent granted to Robert Maynard, dated 10th
March 1875, No. 879, and under and over another roller placed considerably in the
rear of the feed roller so forming a false bottom to the feed-box, and by the straw
being carried forward by it the necessity for the feeder's hands being brought near
to the feed rollers is prevented, and the endless web by passing around the feed
roller and forming as it were a casing to it, the choking is almost wholly prevented
and the necessity for the attendant to push the straw forward with his hands,
which sometimes slip and become entangled between the rollers, is obviated.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN AND RELATING TO STENCH-TRAPS FOR WATER-CLOSETS AND SINKS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wright at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st July 1879.
WILLIAM WRIGHT, of Woolwich, in the County of Kent, Plumber. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN AND RELATING TO STENCH-TRAPS FOR WATER-CLOSETS AND SINKS."
This Invention relates to stench traps and consists chiefly in the construction of
an apparatus which comprises in one piece the trap proper, the junction and the
air or gas-vent.
The said apparatus has a vertical part which is designed to be connected in the
usual manner with the closet pan or the sink, and which at its lower end is curved
to meet an upwardly inclined intermediate part which extends from this curved
part to another vertical piece or part which connects with the discharge pipe and
the air and gas pipe.
This apparatus being cast or otherwise formed entirely of one piece, may be very
easily and cheaply manufactured. It may be readily adapted to any water-closet,
sink, or drain, and requires no expensive joints at the junction or outlet as are
required with ordinary traps; the outlet or discharge part may be prolonged and
carried to the outside of the house without any joints or consequent liability to
leakage, or escape of liquid, or foul gas. Great freedom of discharge of the con-
tents of the closet or sink may be insured, and the liability to stoppage of the
pipes is entirely avoided. Moreover the said apparatus cannot be misplaced or
accidentally unseated or detached from the closet-pan-sink or drain, and it entirely
obviates the danger of "syphoning" or "unsealing" of the closet to which it is
connected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TILTING CASKS AND BARRELS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Forster at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd November 1879.
THOMAS FORSTER, of Earlestown, Newton-le-Willows, in the County of
Lancaster, Hotel Keeper. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TILTING CASKS AND
BARRELS."
The object of the said Invention is to provide simple and cheap apparatus
which may be easily applied to tilt automatically in a satisfactory manner any
desired cask or barrel, whilst the contained liquid is being withdrawn whether
continuously or intermittently.
Apparatus constructed under my Invention consists of a plate or bos having
attached thereto a curved spring or springs. The curved spring or springs is or are
formed or fitted with a hook or hooks or equivalent devices at the free end or free
ends to seize or take hold of the end of the cask or barrel to be tilted. The plate
or bos carrying the springs is formed with openings whereby it may be attached to
a wall, partition, or other suitable support, or has projections, hooks, or other
suitable devices for that purpose. For use the apparatus is secured in position
behind the cask to be tilted, and the spring or springs are bent downwards and
its or their end or ends caused to lay hold of, seize, and act upon the end of the
cask or barrel in the required direction.
In combination with tilting apparatus constructed as above, I employ a wedge
or sustaining piece free to slide in a bearing or bearings in or on the carrying bos
or plate. The said wedge or sustaining piece gradually falls into the increased
opening between the bos or plate and the cask or barrel as the cask or barrel is
tilted by the spring or springs. The action of the wedge or sustaining piece is to
prevent the cask or barrel from rocking or oscillating during tilting and from falling
back at the raised end.
A NEW OR IMPROVED RECEPTACLE FOR HOLDING THREAD AND OTHER ÅRTICLES, THE SAME BEING APPLICABLE FOR PROVIDING GAMES OF AMUSEMENT
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Currie at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st March 1879.
JOHN CURRIE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Clerk to
the Firm of John Clark, junior, and Company, Sewing Cotton Manufacturers.
"A NEW OR IMPROVED RECEPTACLE FOR HOLDING THREAD AND OTHER ÅRTICLES,
THE SAME BEING APPLICABLE FOR PROVIDING GAMES OF AMUSEMENT."
This Invention relates to a new or improved receptacle for holding thread and
other articles, the same being applicable for providing games of amusement.
According to the said Invention the receptacle is made in the form of a clock,
and is or may be provided with feet, by which it is supported, on its side. The
front face of the box is divided and marked to resemble the dial of a time piece,
and is provided with a rotating pointer, representing the hands of the said time-
piece. The interior of the box is or may be provided with pins or holders, upon
which bobbins of cotton or silk may be supported. The side of the box is marked
with a question and with a series of answers thereto, numbered to correspond with
the numbers or divisions of the representations of the dial. The sides of the box
may, instead of being marked with a question and answers, be marked with other
devices or markings, indicating values, or with other indications which will render
the box suitable for playing games of chance. By spinning the pointer on the
front of the box, and then allowing it to come to rest, the figure or division
opposite which it comes to rest will indicate a corresponding division upon the side
of the box to be referred to, which division will contain the answer to a question ;
or it may be a number indicating value, which will in using the box to play games
of chance be scored to the player by whom the pointer was spun.
The box may be made round or square, or of any other suitable or desirable
figure,
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAITERS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Imray, of No. 28, Southampton Buildings, in the
County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAITERS."
A communication from abroad by Casper Riese, of Berlin, in the German
Empire.
Sealed the 25th May 1880, and dated the 3rd December 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Imray at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd December 1879.
JOHN IMRAY, of No. 28, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex.
'IMPROVEMENTS IN GAITERS." [A communication from abroad by Casper Riese,
of Berlin, in the German Empire].
According to the present Invention gaiters are, firstly, provided with one or
more strips of elastic material inserted longitudinally at one or more points of
their circumference, but by preference at the one or the other edge where they are
secured by buttoning or otherwise; secondly, in place of buttons for securing the
gaiters the following construction of spring fastening is employed-A metal plate
secured to the material of the gaiter or to the said elastic strip has projecting
outward from its centre a fixed pin, the free end of which is made to fit into a
recess in the inner face of a concave cap that is hinged at one side to the said
plate, and is held in the above described position by a spring. When the gaiters
are to be fastened the said cap is turned back, and an eyelet hole on the other edge
of the gaiter is placed over the end of the pin, after which the spring cap is turned
ever on to the pin again.
By the above described improvements the gaiters are easily and securely
fastened and fit the leg with elastic pressure, whereby they will be made to fit
equally well whether worn with a boot or shoe.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HOISTING AND WINDING APPARATUS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Jensen at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th October 1879. (A communication
from abroad by Alexius Carl Ludwig Henkel, of Gotha, Germany.)
PETER JENSEN, of 33, Chancery Lane, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOISTING
AND WINDING APPARATUS." (A communication from abroad by Alexius, Carl
Ludwig Henkel, of Gotha, Germany.)
On the shaft of the winding drum is fixed a boss formed with an arm which
passes within the interior of a brake wheel or drum, and is provided with a pawl
engaging with teeth in the brake drum when the brake band is applied by a
weighted lever.
The boss of the brake drum is on a gudgeon on the framing and which is in line
with the axis of the winding drum shaft; it may be loose on the latter in the form
of a sleeve so that the brake exerts no pressure on the said shaft. There is a spring
for holding the pawl in gear with the teeth in the brake drum.
The apparatus works as follows:-When in the state of rest the brake drum is
held fast by the brake band, the pawl takes into one of the teeth in the brake
drum, and has thus a firm abutment so that a load suspended from the winding
drum is held fast. To raise the load the winding drum shaft is turned by a crank,
the pawl passing freely over the teeth leaving the brake drum at rest. When
letting go the handle the pawl abuts against a tooth, the brake drum then also
remaining at rest, and the winding drum prevented from running back.
To lower the load the brake must be released first, the brake drum the teeth in
which form abutment for the pawl, then revolves backwards without the pawl
coming out of gear; the falling speed of the load is regulated by the brake.
Or the pawl may be on the brake drum and the pawl wheel fixed on the shaft.
With geared winding drum the aforesaid mechanism may be on the winding
drum shaft on the crank handle spindle or on an intermediate spindle; it is also
applicable for hand or power.
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF REFRACTORY BRICKS AND FURNACE LININGS."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Chaloner at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th April 1879.
"IMPROVE-
GEORGE CHALONER, of 27, Balmes Road, De Beauvoir Town, London.
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF REFRACTORY BRICKS AND FURNACE LININGS."
My improvements relate to the manufacture of substances which may be used
as basic furnace linings. For this purpose I use a mixture of lime with linseed oil
or other cheap animal or vegetable oils or melted fats. I prefer, however, to use
what is known as boiled oil. I do not use petroleum or other mineral oil, the use of
which I do not find advantageous. The lime I prefer to use is the highly fired shrunk
magnesium lime or the ground basic bricks already patented by Sidney Thomas, as
referred to in the Specifications of his Patents, Nos. 908, 3975, and 4063 in the year
1878. Other descriptions of lime, particularly of magnesia and well burnt, may
however be used. I grind the lime in a mortar mill or otherwise with just sufficient
oil to moisten it. I then press the material preferably under great pressure into
bricks or twyers, or I use the materials to rain the bottoms of convertors or the
hearths of iron and steel furnaces. When making twyers or bricks, after they are
pressed into proper shape, I burn them preferably at a very intense temperature.
Before burning them however they are slowly dried. When making converter
bottoms or rammed linings I find it best to heat the bottoms or linings strongly
before they are used. A little oxide of iron (not more than four per cent.) may bo
used with the lime to increase its coherence. I also use the above described mix-
ture as a mortar for lime bricks.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREAKS AND APPLIANCES FOR CHECKING THE SPEED OF OR STOPPING RAILWAY OR TRAMWAY ENGINES OR CARRIAGES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edwin Heath at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th March 1879.
"
WILLIAM EDWIN HEATH, of 23, Camden Road, in the Parish of St. Pancras,
Co. of Middlesex. 'IMPROVEMENTS IN BREAKS AND APPLIANCES FOR CHECKING
THE SPEED OF OR STOPPING RAILWAY OR TRAMWAY ENGINES OR CARRIAGES."
Hitherto these results have attempted to be attained by stopping the revolution
of the wheels on which these engines or carriages run, and relying on the friction
thus set up between the rails on which they run and the portion of the tires of the
wheels then in contact with the rails, this being only a point on the periphery of
the wheel; mathematically of the smallest appreciable surface, the train, engine, or
carriage slides on this point for a great distance before the friction between these
small surfaces overcomes the momentum existing.
My improvements consist in attaching to the framework of the engine or carriage
a structure between or in front of or behind the wheels, which structure extends
down to within a small distance of the rails perpendicularly, and occupies laterally
nearly the whole space between the wheels, or in front or behind them; and on, the
lower surface of this structure I mount a plate of metal, wood, or other suitable
material, or a combination of materials, sliding by dovetail or other slides up or
down in grooves formed in the structure before named, which plate is capable of
being lowered on to the rail on which the wheels run, and of being pressed théreon
by the application of an eccentric or a cam, or by levers under the control of the
person in charge, until a great part of the engine or carriage is brought to bear on
the plate resting or sliding on the rail, and which in proportion to its length would
give a large friotional surface.
The eccentric cams or levers may be acted on by chains round drums, or by other
levers and connecting rods brought to the spot at which the guards or men in charge
of the train or engine may best exercise control, and may by the same and other
suitable appliances be connected, so that more than one break may be acted on at
the same time.
I also provide openings or channels at suitable places for, conducting sand or grit

page_text: between the surfaces of the rail and the break or skid, to increase the friction when
required..
By reversing the action of the eccentric, cam, or lever, the plate is raised off the
surface of the rails, and the wheels again come into action and freely revolve.
These improvements, by obviating the necessity of putting pressure on the wheels, 5
diminish the liability to broken axle arms.
AN IMPROVED CUTTING AND SCORING MACHINE TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARD OR PASTE-BOARD BOXES."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Crosland at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th May 1879.
st
WILLIAM CROSLAND, of Newton Heath, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist.
AN IMPROVED CUTTING AND SCORING MACHINE TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF CARD OR PASTE-BOARD BOXES."
The object of my Invention is the construction of a machine in which the cutting
and scoring can be effected at one and the same time, which is of considerable
advantage where a number of boxes have to be cut from one sheet of card or paste
board.
In carrying out my Invention I employ a horizontal roller driven in the usual
but I make such roller preferably of chilled cast iron or steel, but glass,
earthenware, or other hard material may be used.
manner,
The cutters, which are of the usual circular form, are mounted in brackets
depending from a cross-head over the before mentioned roller, but I fix such brackets
on both sides of the cross-head instead of only one side as heretofore, by which I
am enabled to get the cutters much nearer to each other than has hitherto been
possible. The said cutters are also fitted in adjustable bearings in the brackets so
as to easily take up for wear.
Depending from the cross-head in a similar manner to the cutters I arrange one,
two, or more rollers, for feeding the card or paste board undergoing the cutting
and scoring process; I also make the cross-head capable of rising vertically from
the roller before mentioned by means of a wedge motion or other equivalent
mechanical device, so that the whole.of the cutters can be raised clear of the roller
without disturbing their adjustment with regard to the roller when in action.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AERO STEAM-ENGINES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Monroe Whiting at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th June 1879.
JAMES MONROE WHITING, of the City and County of Providence, and State of
Rhode Island, one of the United States of America. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AERO
STEAM-ENGINES."
In practising this Invention I employ air combined with steam in a steam
engine by mixing the air with the steam in a separate vessel connected both with
the steam-generator and the air-pump or pumps, and subjected to the waste heat
of the steam generator, and then taking the product and using the expansive force
for power in a steam engine.
I use a vertical tubular steam-generator and place over the same a chamber of
considerable size, so that the products of combustion pass freely around the same.
I connect this chamber with the steam-generator and with the air pump or pumps,
and subject both to the waste heat to be dried and superheated; the upper end of
this chamber is connected by means of a pipe with the steam-engine, and the com-
bined air and steam is carried to the engine and is used in giving power through
the same.
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRAMWAYS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Dixon at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th July 1879.
JOHN DIXON, of No. 1, Laurence Pountney Hill, in the City of London.
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRAMWAYS."
"IM-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of tramways.
I employ a steel rail grooved on the face to receive the flange of the wheel, and
having beneath the face two descending flanges, one on either side, for the purpose
of fastening the rail to its support by bending the two flanges inwards, so as to
cause them to embrace and clip the head of the support.
This rail is supported upon a continuous or intermittent rolled or cast iron
sleeper to which it is attached. Nippers may be used in setting the rails on the
sleepers. The sleepers are rolled with a flat foot of sufficient width to afford a firm
support, and this foot is connected with the head of the sleeper by a central
vertical web. The foot when the sleeper is laid passes beneath the paving stones
on either side.
The sleepers may be connected at intervals by transverse tie bars; these are T
headed, and the webs of the sleepers have horizontal slots formed in them where
the tie bars are to be applied. The ties are inserted flatwise and are then turned
on edge, and the T heads become locked in the holes in the webs of the sleepers.
The tie bars are kept in place by the stone paving, and the horizontal slots afford
play to adjust the tie bars to the stones.
In some cases I cause the rail to be rolled with a deep central web on the under
side, and I form the foot by bolting angle irons to this web one on either side.
The web is rolled with longitudinal ribs or projections to bear upon the top of the
angle irons and relieve the bolts or other fastenings from strain. In connecting
these rails end to end the angle irons form the fishes, which may also be supple-
mented by additional fish plates under the head of the rail.
In some cases I cause the rail to be rolled with two deep descending webs, one
on either side of the wheel face and beneath it. These webs at their outer ends
are bent outwards into an horizontal position parallel to the wheel face, and they
form the foot of the rail.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CLIPS IN COMMERCE KNOWN AS PAPER BINDERS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Wilkins and Kerridge Wright
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd July 1879.
EDWIN WILKINS and KERRIDGE WRIGHT, both of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick. "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CLIPS IN COMMERCE
KNOWN AS PAPER BINDERS."
Our improvements consist substantially of the following arrangements of parts
for a circular beaded clip or binder, although we propose to make them of any
desired form most suitable to our requirements.
A circular disc recessed two fangs, in form identical, each having a semi-circle
angulated at the one end while the other is tapered for piercing the material to
which it may be applied; when the said fangs are brought together a circle is formed
corresponding in size to the interior of the disc or head, and into which they are
fitted and permanently secured by the process of closing over.
The advantages gained by this our said Invention are as follows :—
The fangs being centralized to the head and not proceeding from the outside
edges as hitherto, a perfect bearing is obtained and the head is secure, greater
elasticity is obtained, and durability, economy of metal, and more presentable in
appearance.
In making clips or binders in form differing to the above described, in each case
the upper portion of the fangs correspond in shape to the interior of the head.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MICROSCOPES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Albert Reinhold Hildebrandt
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th November 1879.
A communication from abroad by Friedrich Schaefer, of Elberfeld, in Germany.
JOHN ALBERT REINHOLD HILDEBRANDT, of the Firm of A. Hildebrandt, Patent
Agent, of 43, Market Strect, in the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MICROSCOPES." A communication from
abroad by Friedrich Schaefer, of Elberfeld, in Germany.
The improvements consist of an addition to the microscope, by which objects
having a larger surface, or a number of objects together, may be examined and
compared together in rapid succession and with expedition.
For that purpose an arm or bracket is clamped with a setscrew or in some other
convenient manner to the stand of the instrument, which bracket carries in a
suitable bearing a carrier or frame consisting of two uprights with connecting
crossbar, or of other convenient shape. In these uprights provision is made for a
bar to slide steadily and parallel to the plane of the object. In this bar ratchet
teeth are cut, so that a spring or click on one of the uprights may work in them
and limit or measure the movements which the bar is required to make at a time,
the pitch of the teeth being usually made to coinside with the diameter of the
field of the instrument, but if desired teeth may be cut into more than one side
of the bar. This bar carries at a right angle and parallel to its plane in a suitable
V or other slide bed the end or haft of a fork, the prongs of which rest on the
plate of the instrument. The glasses on which the objects are mounted are held
on the prongs of the fork by suitable springs attached to the fork. It is obvious
that this fork may be moved along the whole length of the line to be examined,
such length being within that of the length of the sliding part of the end or haft
of the fork, and on the completion of the examination of that line the bar carrying
the fork may be moved one or more divisions of the tooth rack, and the adjoining
or another line may thus be brought under observation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF APPLYING AND IN THE MANUFACTURE of ELASTIC SUPPORTS OR BUFFERS SUITABLE FOR FURNITURE, PICTURES, CROCKERY, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Hay at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th December 1879.
ROBERT HAY, of Elgin, in the County of Elgin, North Britain, Cabinet Maker.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF APPLYING AND IN THE MANUFACTURE of ELASTIC
SUPPORTS OR BUFFERS SUITABLE FOR FURNITURE, PICTURES, CROCKERY, AND OTHER
ARTICLES."
The improvements consist in the application of one or more elastic supports or
feet to furniture, crockery, glass, bronzes, or other ware, for the purpose of
deadening the concussion, preventing the breakage, slipping, or falling of such articles,
and further act as bad conductors of heat to such articles when they are placed on
a table, shelf, or otherwise, when applied to the legs of chairs and such like, or prevent
the abrasion or wear of carpets. The said elastic supports are made preferably of
rubber inverted cup shaped or fluted, and fixed to the articles in such manner that
their weight or the act of placing them causes the air to be partially driven from
under the elastic support, and so a firm hold is afforded, and articles so supplied are
not so readily upset or broken; the size of the elastic supports will vary with the
weight and size of the article, as also the number of said supports.
PROVEMENTS IN BELTS AND BANDS FOR DRIVING MACHINERY OR COMMUNICATING MOTION
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Watson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th March 1879.
"IM-
RICHARD WATSON, of Selkirk, in the County of Selkirk, North Britain.
PROVEMENTS IN BELTS AND BANDS FOR DRIVING MACHINERY OR COMMUNICATING
MOTION."
The said Invention relates to improvements in belts and bands of flat or other
form for driving machinery or communicating motion, and has for its object to
produce strong, light, and cheap bands or belting.
According to the said Invention the said belts or bands are constructed of steel
in the form of wire, or strips, or ribbon, or analogous forms in combination with
leather or other material of which belts or bands are usually formed. The steel
may be sewn, cemented, or rivetted, or otherwise fastened between or upon the said
leather or other material.
One or a series of the strips, ribbons, or wires of steel being used according to
the width of the band or the purpose for which it is to be employed.
PROVEMENTS IN GAS STOVES FOR COOKING PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Galli and James Galli at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th July 1879.
CHARLES GALLI and JAMES GALLI, both of Leeds, in the County of York,
PROVEMENTS IN GAS STOVES FOR COOKING PURPOSES."
"IM-
Heretofore the burners in gas stoves have been fixed to the interior, whereby
there is considerable difficulty to clean the interior thereof; now according to one
part of our Invention this difficulty is obviated.
We fit the burner loosely in the stove so that it can be readily taken out of stove
for cleaning purposes and replaced therein when required with the greatest
facility. The burner extends round the sides of the stove and is perforated in the
usual way, and at the gas entry side there is a ground brass connection fixed and
passing through the back, and into this connection a bend from the burner is slipped
and there kept tight by screws or other convenient means. I line the sides of the
stove fitted with removable burners as aforesaid with single slabs or quarries of
glazed fire brick.
Our Invention also further consists in making the side racks of stoves as aforesaid
loose, so that they may be easily taken down for cleaning, and when taken down
leaving a plain brick, for this purpose the racks themselves are secured and retained
in position by buttons or other simple convenient means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION AND MEANS OF APPLICATION OF MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lewis Augustus Aspinwall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th February 1879.
LEWIS AUGUSTUS ASPINWALL, of Albany, in the State of New York, United
States of America, but at present of 33, Chancery Lane, in the County of Mid-
dlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION AND MEANS OF APPLICATION OF
MOTIVE POWER."
To the interior of the steam space of a steam boiler I connect a battery or other
source of electricity by wire, and I cause the electric spark or flash to act upon the
steam. I thus increase the steam pressure according to the strength of current or
number of wires, and produce what may be called "electro steam," which I utilize
for the production of power in a piston motor engine constructed with insulated
parts where required. Air or lighting gas, or both, may be combined therewith by
means of jet apparatus. Sometimes it is desirable to connect it directly with the
piston cylinder and not with the boiler.
IMPROVEMENT
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Lanham at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th November 1879.
ROBERT LANHAM, of No. 75, Fleet Street, in the City of London.
IN LAMPS."
"IMPROVEMENTS
The object of my improvements is to obtain increased light without increasing
the consumption of gas, oil, or other combustible, my improvements being
applicable to lamps of all kinds, or of course the light may remain the same, but
the consumption of gas or oil be less.
I attain my object by supplying air to the flame by a down current instead of
an upward current, as hitherto.
For this purpose I propose to use double chimneys or glasses of any suitable
form. The outer of these two concentric glasses will rest upon a solid plate, being
supported by a close rim or gallery encircling it; this plate will also carry a
gallery or several uprights, formed to support the inner of the two concentric
glasses, so that the bottom of this interior glass is raised a certain distance above
the bottom plate.
Thus there will be a chamber or conduit between the two concentric glasses, the
breadth of which will be regulated by their relative diameter, and the length by
the height of the glasses, which will vary according to the kind of lamp; this air
chamber will only communicate with the inner glass, the bottom of which does not
come on to the solid plate, by which all draught is cut off from the bottom of the
glasses.
When the burner is lit, the heat generated in the inner glass or chimney will
cause a current of cold air to pass down the chamber formed between the two
glasses and become warmed before it reaches the flame, which is thus fed with
warm air instead of the cold draught usually drawn from beneath the burner or
from the side direct to the flame.
I may make my bottom plate and galleries or supports of any suitable form and
material, metal, porcelain, or other, and I may apply my principle of downward
draught between concentric chimies or glasses to candle lamps and lamps for
night lights, as well as to gas or oil lamps.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS MOTOR ENGINES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Shaw at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th January 1879.
JAMES SHAW, of Paddock, near Huddersfield, in the County of York, Cotton
Spinner. IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS MOTOR ENGINES."
This Invention relates to improved construction and arrangement of cylinders
and valves of engines as aforesaid.
According to this my said Invention I employ two cylinders, one, the explosion
cylinder, the other, the working cylinder containing the piston, the rod of which
is connected with the crank shaft; the two cylinders are connected by a bend of
easy and regular curve, and check valves are applied. The gas and air are
When fixed
admitted to the explosion cylinder by pipe fitted with check valve.
the pressure upon the atmospheric air contained in the lower portion of the
explosion cylinder acts upon the piston of the working cylinder which is forced
upwards, and when the crank is about to pass over its centre any excess of
pressure (above ordinary atmospheric) which would impede the down stroke of
the piston is permitted to escape by way of a discharge pipe, the valve of which is
opened by a tappet when the piston is about to descend. For firing the charge, a
valve motion comprising part of revolving plate or disc having recessed chamber,
and an interior valve perforated, the gas passing through an aperture, the air
through other openings, and by way of a groove or recessed way in the periphery
of the valve to the explosion chamber.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COUPLING AND UNCOUPLING RAILWAY ENGINES, CARRIAGES, AND WAGGONS, AND TRAMWAY CARS OR CARRIAGES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Rowland Douglas Todd, George Todd,
and Robert Mack at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th
November 1879.)
"
ROWLAND DOUGLAS TODD and GEORGE TODD, of East Hill Lodge, Wandsworth,
in the County of Surrey, and ROBERT MACK, of 74, Sterndale Road, Wandsworth,
in the said County of Surrey. IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COUPLING
AND UNCOUPLING RAILWAY ENGINES, CARRIAGES, AND WAGGONS, AND TRAMWAY
CARS OR CARRIAGES."
The coupling is effected between ordinary railway carriages or waggons by
means of a coupling link held in an horizontal position by balance weights or
springs. The coupling link on contact between the carriages or waggons is guided
up an inclined surface on a hook fixed to the carriage or waggon to be coupled.
The link falls by its own weight into a locking position in a cam placed on the
sides of the hook. The spring of the buffers revolves the cam, and this in turn
forces either a long lever or a short lever with pinion and segment attached to the
buffers into a catch, and holds it in a locked position, forming a perfect coupling.
The uncoupling is effected by the long or short lever being drawn out of its catch
and forced round the quadrant. This motion causes the cam to revolve, releases
the link, and the link by the spring of the buffers rebounds, falls to its original
horizontal position, and the carriages or waggons are uncoupled. In coupling an
engine and a carriage or waggon the engine is provided with both a coupling link
and a cam and hook, so that either may be used. If the carriages or waggons are
required to be shunted without being coupled the long or short lever is forced into
its locked position and the link will not then attach itself. The advantage claimed
for the Invention is to avoid the necessity of a person entering between the buffers
of engines or carriages for the purpose of coupling or uncoupling them.
MENTS IN ANTIFRICTION BEARINGS FOR SHIPS' BLOCKS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Llewellyn Walker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the the 17th October 1879.
LLEWELLYN WALKER, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVE
MENTS IN ANTIFRICTION BEARINGS FOR SHIPS' BLOCKS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
Antifriction bearings were first made with the rollers loose in the box. In this
form they wore rapidly, being liable to rub against each other. If the axle was
removed they fell out and were apt to get lost. To obviate that mishap they were
sometimes made with a ring on each side, and a slight projecting pin on the ring
to keep them from falling out of place, This however had not the result intended,
as the pins soon wore off, and there was the additional disadvantage that the rings
bedded on the part of the box cut away for them. Now my Invention is designed
to obviate these evils.
1stly. I do not cut away the box for the ring, but enclose the rings and rollers
in a box with flat sides having holes on each side just big enough for the axle to
pass through.
2nd. Instead of fastening the two rings together by pillars between each roller,
as is usually done, I place the pillar on the centres of the rollers, and let the rollers
run on them as axles.
By this means the roller can be made much larger, and put almost touching each
other, and consequently will last much longer, and instead of, as heretofore, the
roller sides grinding against the box until the weight comes on the ring, the rollers
are kept quite clear of the box sides, and only the side of the ring comes in contact
with it without any pressure or any grinding action of varying direction. In the
cheaper forms of bearing in place of a ring a groove can be cut in each box, and
projecting bosses on the rollers arranged to run in the groove. These bosses can
be of the same material and in one piece with the rollers, or can be metallic pins
tightly pressed in, but I prefer the former as cheaper, These bosses prevent the
rollers when worn from dropping out, a very serious matter at sea, as if they can
drop out when the spindle is removed they are apt to get lost, and the loss of one
roller makes the entire bearing useless. My apparatus differs essentially from the
ordinary antifriction bearing as follows:-
1st. There is a central pillar to each roller, fitting into a ring or groove so that
the rollers cannot drop out.

page_text: 2nd. No extraneous pillars are required to prevent the rollers jamming end wise.
3rd. The rollers can wear down to a very small size without any danger of
increase of friction from the weight coming on the rings.
4th. The rollers can be placed much closer together, almost touching in fact, so
can be worn for a much longer time than the present ones.
5th. Having a strong central pillar, there is no danger of them collecting together
and letting the axle sink down in the vacancy left on the other side of the box, a
very common and dangerous defect in the ordinary antifriction bearing.
AN IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING THE DISTANCE RUN OR TRAVERSED BY BICYCLES OR OTHER VEHICLES, ALSO FOR REGISTERING THE MOVEMENTS OF REVOLVING OR RECIPROCATING BODIES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Reffitt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th May 1879.
"AN IMPROVED MEANS
OR APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING THE DISTANCE RUN OR TRAVERSED BY BICYCLES
OR OTHER VEHICLES, ALSO FOR REGISTERING THE MOVEMENTS OF REVOLVING OR
RECIPROCATING BODIES."
JOSEPH REFFITT, of Leeds, in the County of York.
The primary object of the hereinafter described apparatus is for registering the
distance run or traversed by bicycles, but it is also applicable to other vehicles, and
for registering the revolutions of revolving or reciprocating bodies.
The apparatus is as hereafter described.
Within a hollow case or tube of suitable length, and provided within an opening
or slit longitudinally, is provided a fine threaded screw, the extremities of which are
fitted in bearings at the ends of the case or tube. On one end of the screw is fixed
On the
a worm wheel which is geared into a worm mounted on a small shaft.
worm shaft is provided a star or tappet wheel; on the screw is fitted a nut, to
The tube or
which nut is attached a pointer working within the opening or slit.
casing is graduated the full length of the opening or slit representing miles, half
miles, or other lesser distances. By moving the star or tappit wheel round motion is
imparted to the screw through the medium of the worm and worm wheel, and by
such movement the nut carrying the pointer is traversed either one way or the
other on the graduated scale. By this arrangement at any moment the number of
miles run or traversed may be ascertained.
Motion is imparted to the star or tappit wheel by some convenient projecting
piece on any moving or rotating part of the bicycle.
When required I also attach to the other end of the screw a dial on which are
provided any number of circular graduated scales similar to those on an ordinary
gas meter dial with pointers; these pointers are moved round by ordinary gearing
of suitable proportions, and actuated through the longitudinal screw worm wheel
and worm by means of the star or tappit wheel. In some cases I employ instead

page_text: of the longitudinal screw a plain rod or shaft for conveying motion to the above
mentioned dial.
When the apparatus is placed vertically on the bicycle the dial is in a horizontal
position, and can be seen at any time without any inconvenience to the rider.
With slight modifications this apparatus may be employed for registering the
movement of revolving or reciprocating bodies.