HORIZONTAL WINDMILL WITH A MULTIPLYING POWER, UPON A VERY DIFFERENT AND MUCH SUPERIOR CONSTRUC- TION, AND BROKE AND STOPT IN A VERY DIFFERENT MANNER FROM ANY MILL THAT HAS EVER YET BEEN INVENTED; THE SAME MILL TO BE LIKEWISE WORKED WITH CATTLE, AND THE WIND POWER TO BE PUT UPON A WATERMILL, AS OCCASION MAY REQUIRE
Year: 1776

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter McIntosh, of Burr Street, Wapping, in the
County of Middlesex, Mariner, of his new invented "HORIZONTAL WINDMILL
WITH A MULTIPLYING POWER, UPON A VERY DIFFERENT AND MUCH SUPERIOR CONSTRUC-
TION, AND BROKE AND STOPT IN A VERY DIFFERENT MANNER FROM ANY MILL THAT
HAS EVER YET BEEN INVENTED; THE SAME MILL TO BE LIKEWISE WORKED WITH
CATTLE, AND THE WIND POWER TO BE PUT UPON A WATERMILL, AS OCCASION MAY
REQUIRE;" and that upon the whole the invention of the said windmill will
be very useful and beneficial to society; to hold to him, his executors,
administrators, and assigns, within England, Wales, the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, and all the Colonies and Plantations abroad, for the term of
Fourteen Years pursuant to the Statute; with a clause to inroll the same
within four calendar months from the date hereof. H. M. at West-
minster, the 1st day of April, in the year above.
W.
By writ, &c.
Dated 1st April 1776.
(No Specification enrolled.)

page_text: 5
SPECIFICATION enrolled pursuant to an Act passed in the sixteenth year'
of the reign of King George the Third, Chapter twenty-nine, intituled
"An Act for vesting in John Liardet, Clerk, his Executors, Admi-*
nistrators, and Assigns, the sole Use and Property of a certain Com-
position or Cement of his Invention, throughout His Majesty's
Kingdom of Great Britain, and in the Colonies and Plantations
abroad, for a limited Time." [Royal Assent, 13th May 1776.] *
.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, Jonn
LIARDET, of Great Suffolk Street, in the Parish of Saint Martin in the
Fields, in the County of Middlesex, Clerk; send greeting.
WHEREAS by a certain Act of Parliament made and passed. in the
sixteenth year of the reign of His present Majesty, intitled "An Act for
vesting in John Liardet, Clerk, his Executors, Administrators, and Assigns,"
the sole Use and Property of a certain Composition or Cement of his Invention,
5 throughout His Majesty's Kingdom of Great Britain, and in the Colonies'
and Plantations abroad, for a limitted Time," reciting that His said Majesty, by.

page_text: His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date a
Westminster, the Third day of April, which was in the thirteenth year o
His reign, did give and grant unto me, the said John Liardet, my executors
administrators, and assigns, the sole priviledge and authority to make, use
exercise, and vend "A CERTAIN COMPOSITION OR CEMENT FOR ALL THE BRANCHES
CONCERNING BUILDINGS TO WHICH THE SAME WAS APPLICABLE" within that part of
Great Britain called England, His Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, and in any of His Majestie's Colonies and Plantations abroad
for the term of fourteen years; and reciting also, as in the said Act is
recited, it was and is by the said Act (among other things) enacted, that from
and after the passing of the said Act, the sole priviledge and advantage of
making, using, exercising, and vending the said composition or cement men-
tioned in the said Letters Patent, with the additions and improvements since
made therein, within the Kingdom of Great Britain, and His Majestie's
Colonies and Plantations abroad, should be, and the same was and are thereby
declared to be vested in me, the said John Liardet, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, for and during the term of eighteen years from thence-
forth next ensuing, and fully to be compleat and ended, in such manner and
under and subject to such provisoes and declarations, as are therein contained,
and among others to a provisoe, that if I, the said John Liardet, my exe-
cutors, administrators, or assigns, or some or one of them, should not parti-
cularly describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, in its present
improved state, and in what manner the same was to be performed, by an in-
strument in writing under my hand and seal, and cause the same to be inrolled
the High Court of Chancery within four calendar months after the passing
of the said Act, that then all the liberties, powers, priviledges, and advantages
thereby vested in me; the said John Liardet, my extors, adiñors, and assigns,
should cease, determine, and be and become absolutely void, any thing therein-
before contained to the contrary thereof in anywise notwithstanding.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Liardet, in pursuance of the said
recited Act and provisoe, do, by this Instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, (which is intended to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of
Chancery,) particularly describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention
in its present improved state, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
in manner and form following (that is to say) :-
-
For the first coat, take twenty-one pound weight of fine whiting, or take
oyster shells or any other sea shells calcined, or plaister of Paris, or any
calcarious material calcined and pounded, or matter pulverized, or any

page_text: absorbent material whatever proper for the purpose; add white or red lead
at pleasure, diminishing from the other absorbent materials in proportion to
the white or red lead added; to which put four. quarts, beer measure, of oil,
and mix them together with a grinding mill, or any other machine or instru-
ment proper for levigating such materials, the Invention of levigating or
grinding of such materials together for this particular purpose being first
used and discovered by me, and afterwards mix and beat up the same well
with twenty-eight quarts, beer measure, of any sand or gravel, or of both,
mixed and sifted, or of marble or stone pounded, or of brickdust, or of any
kind of metalic or mineral powders, or of any solid material whatever, pounded
or in powder, fit for the purpose.
For the second coat, take sixteen pounds weight and a half of superfine
whiting, or take oister shells or any other sea shells calcined, or plaister
of Paris, or any calcarious material calcined and pounded, or matter pul-
verized, or any absorbent material whatever proper for the purpose; add
sixteen pounds weight and a half of white or red lead; to which put six
quarts and a half of oil, wine measure, and mix them together with a
grinding mill, or any other machine or instrument proper for levigating such
materials as aforesaid; afterwards mix and beat up the same well with thirty
quarts, wine measure, of fine sand or gravel sifted, or of stone or marble
pounded, or of pyrites, or of any kind of metalic or mineral powders, or of any
solid material whatsoever, pounded or in powders, fit for the purpose. And
for the purposes of ornaments or casting in moulds, or such like, this compo-
sition requires a greater proportion of sand, gravel, or other solids, according
to the nature of the work, or the uses to which it is to be applied. In case
it be desired to have the composition coloured, add to the above ingredients
such a proportion of painters' colours as will be necessary to give the tint or
colour. required, paying particular attention to the colours of the solids. In
making the composition, the best linseed, or hempseed, or other oils proper
for the purpose, are to be used, boiled or raw, with drying ingredients, as the
nature: of the work, the season, or the climate requires, and in some cases
bees wax may be substituted in place of oil. All the absorbent and solid
materials must be kiln-dried. By experience it is found a little variation in
the proportions does not essentially affect the composition; and in some cases,
where the composition is to be of any other colour than white, the lead
may be omitted, by taking the full proportion of the other absorbents; and
also white: or red lead.may be substituted alone, instead of any other absorbent
material. It is to be observed, that the variations of this composition depend
upon the different uses to which it is to be applied, and also upon the

page_text: bigness of the grains of sand or gravel; or solids
pounded or in powder, or upon their being more
or less spongeous. The same particular attention
must also be paid to the different nature of ab-
sorbents, to the fluidity of the oils, to the dryness
or the dampness of the weather, and to the very
hot or cold climates. The first coat is to be laid
on with a trowell, and floated to an even surface
with a cutting rule or instrument of my Invention
made with any sort of hard cutting matter or
metal, as iron, steell, &c., the form of which is
described by a Drawing in the margin of these
Presents. The second coat, after it is laid on
with a trowell, to be smoothed with a small
floater of wood, lined with ivory or glass, or any
enamelled matters, or horn, or any other hard
smooth substance which does not stain, invented
also by me for this purpose. Previous to the lay-
ing on the composition, it may be proper to
moisten, with a brush, the surface on which it is
to be laid, with the same sort of oil and ingre-
dients which pass through the levigating machines,
but reduced to a thinner or more liquid quality, in
order to make the composition adhere the better.
This composition admits of being modelled or cast
in moulds in the same manner as plaisterers or
statuaries model or cast their stucco work. This
composition also admits of being painted upon and
adorned with landscape or ornamental or figure
painting, as well as plain painting. And if in
course of time any further improvements should
be made, they will be made public, being in the
the said John Liardet, have hereunto set my
Fourth day of September, in the sixteenth year of
overeign Lord George the Third, by the grace of
ain, France, and Ireland King, Defender of the
he year of our Lord One thousand seven hundred
JOHN
(L.S.) LIARDET.

page_text: Of Gray's Inn.
THO* BAKER.
AND BE IT REMEMBRED, that on the same Fourth day of September,
above mentioned, the aforesaid John Liardet came before our said Lord the
King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid, and all
and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above written. And
also the Specification aforesaid was stampt according to the tenor of the
Statute made in the sixth year of the reign of the late King and Queen
William and Mary of England, and so forth.