A Process relating to the Application of Coloured Designs to Vitreous Surfaces, and Machinery therefor.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Dec., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 9th Sept., 1891-Accepted, 10th Oct., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A Process relating to the Application of Coloured Designs to
Vitreous Surfaces, and Machinery therefor.
I, FRANZ EMIL GNANT of No. 30 Gabelsberger Strasse, Munich in the Empire
of Germany, Glass Painter do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows
This invention relates to the application of coloured designs to vitreous surfaces
and principally to the process in which a stencil is applied to glass previously
covered with gummed enamel colour as already done by hand by the glass painters
and the enamel covering exposed in the openings of the stencil brushed off and the
design completed after the removal of the stencil by subsequent removal of the
colour left under the narrow connecting strips of the stencil by use of a counter
stencil or by hand alone by means of erasing wood.
The object of the improvement is to produce by machinery glass paintings which
can be enamelled either in line and point fashion in a geometrical, ornamental or
decorative design in one or more colours by a stencil system used several times in
succession and provided with a pointing device.
The system of stencils consisting of the outline stencil the dark shade stencil the
half shade and the light stencil with repeated coating and brushing of the glass
enable a plastic and figurative effect to be obtained not generally customary
heretofore in outline only.
The glass to which the stencil has been already applied is repeatedly coated with
the respective enamel colour shade and is worked upon from shade to light with
fresh corresponding stencils until the desired effect is obtained.
This object is effected by the following machine. The table of optional length
which carries the receiving frame carrying the glass and stencils as hereinafter
described runs to and fro at optional speed on rollers on horizontal rails and is
operated by suitable gear from the main shaft and can be stopped in any position.
The top of the table consists of dry and perfectly smooth planed wood with grooves
and pins for receiving and retaining the said frames.
The table runs under three kinds of brush systems namely a cylinder or roller
brush, rotary disc brushes, and flat horizontally reciprocating brushes.
The cylinder brush is put into motion from the main shaft and may be put in and
out of action according to requirement.
The disc brushes which are brought into use for most of the designs especially
for round and oval are placed so that they cover the whole width of the surface
moving underneath them."
The pressure of the brushes which are inserted into vibrating bays upon the
glass may be regulated to a nicety by screws. The disc brushes are propelled
from the shaft gear. The above named brush bays may be easily removed and
instead of them a softening brush system may be inserted which serves for coating
the glass with enamel colour and the brushes of which touch the glass with
slight pressure. The horizontally reciprocating brushes are connected by rods
to two cranked shafts located at right angles one to the other so that whilst
operating, they will move over the whole width of the table at right angles to
each other; they are therefore suitable for lining in all directions.
By a suitable disengaging gear one is enabled to use only one or two brush
ystems according to the character of stencil.
During their operation the sets of brushes are covered with a suitable mantle in
rder to avoid the escape of the colour dust or splashes.
The machine may be driven by hand or power.
The glass or the like to be decorated is inserted into a frame either as a whole

page_text: At the
sheet or already cut up. These frames which must be made of dry wood of equal
thickness throughout are encircled at their edges by strong iron bands.
four corners and along the sides are arranged a number of short pins on each face
of the frame the corner pins of which receiving the stencils exactly by fitting into
loops or holes therein. When the stencil is to be applied to whole sheets narrow
ledges of the same thickness as the glass are arranged at the circumference of the
frame. These keep the sheet steady during the coating and brushing.
For cut up square tiles or pieces, panes and figures etc. holders are constructed
of thin iron bands or of strong tin plate in such a manner that at the one side of
the separating strips the edge is bent slightly so that falling through of the glass
exactly cut to size is avoided.
Now the glass or holder is inserted in the frame and on the former are. placed
exactly fitting.wooden boards of suitable shape.
These wooden boards are covered with thick felt or the like on the side facing
the glass to equalize the pressure.
A backing plate which carries a number of flat springs is placed upon the whole
in such a manner, that the four corner pins fit exactly into the loops or holes in the
edge of the backing plate and are secured by cross bolts.
The framed glass thus obtained and forming a firm whole is now reversed and
placed into the machine. Then by the softening-brushes of the machine, the glass
is coated with black or other enamel colour, the respective stencil is inserted onto
the pins of the frame and the whole is passed underneath the various brushes.
According to the character of the design on the stencils either the rotating
cylinder-brush, or the rotating disc brushes or the horizontal brushes or any two. of
these systems or all three are used.
When the frame with the first stencil has passed through, the machine, the stencil
is removed from the pins of the frame and the counter stencil is put. in and the frame
is again passed through the machine.
This design being completed other stencils are in, like manner inserted and. the
process is continued according to requirements.
If the outlines or monochrome surfaces produced by the stencils are not to serve
simply as a flat ornament, but are to be shaded, the outlines are either, first-burned
in or the glasses after having been dusted may also be coated on the machine with
other colours or shades.
The coating of the glass is done by the machine.
The brushes are all removed and, the so called softening brushes are inserted.
The glasses are coated equally with the respective colour by said brushes.
The glasses arrive equally coated at the other side of the set of softening brushes,
the frames with the coated glasses are now removed and, replaced by others until
all glass which is to be worked upon is coated.
"
When this is done the machine is adjusted again for the brushing, the frames
are covered with the dark shade stencil and carried along underneath the brushes.
Then this stencil is removed and the counter stencil. is inserted for the removal of
the "connecting bars."
To bring the half shades and "lights" on the glasses the latter are covered for
the third time with a thin coating of colour said colour being, mixed, especially for
said purpose neither dissolving nor affecting the two first coats.
The further process is the same as with the first and second time, only. that one
inserts now the stencils for half shade and "light" with the suitable counter-
stencil.
The result is, that after the highest lights are removed and a fine shade. (half
shade) is over the outlines and, dark shade, the whole appears as a complete shaded
picture of gradation according to the number of the stencils used. Colours can be
applied to the back of the glass before the latter is burned in muffles.
Dated this 11th Jan
1000

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A Process relating to the Application of Coloured Designs to
Vitreous Surfaces, and Machinery therefor.
I, FRANZ EMIL GNANT, of No. 30 Gabelsberger Strasse, Munich, Glass Painter,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to the application of colored designs to vitreous surfaces
and principally to the process in which a stencil is applied to glass previously
covered with gummed enamel colour as already done by hand by glass-painters and
the enamel covering exposed in the openings of the stencil brushed off and the
design completed after the removal of the stencil by subsequent removal of the
color left under the narrow connecting strips of the stencil by means of a counter-
stencil or by hand alone by means of crasing woods.
The object of the improvement is to produce by machinery glass-paintings which
can be enamelled either in line and point fashion in a geometrical, ornamental or
decorative design in one or more colors by a stencil system used several times in
succession and provided with a pointing device.
The system of stencils consisting of the outline-stencil, the dark-shade stencil,
the half-shade and the light stencil with repeated coating and brushing of the
glass enable a plastic and figurative effect to be obtained not generally customary
heretofore in outline only.
The glass to which the stencil has been already applied is repeatedly coated with
the respective enamel-color-shade and is worked upon from shade to light with
fresh corresponding stencils until the desired effect is obtained.
This object is effected by the machine of which Fig. 1 is a side elevation, Fig. 2
a plan and Fig. 3 a front elevation.
The table a of optional length, which carries the receiving frame carrying the
glass and stencils as hereinafter described, runs to and fro at optional speed on
rollers on horizontal rails band is operated by suitable gear from the main shaft
and can be stopped in any position.
The top of the table consists of dry and perfectly smooth planed wood, with
grooves and pins for receiving and retaining the said frames.
The table runs under three kinds of brush-systems, namely a cylinder or roller
brush c, the rotary disc-brushes d and flat horizontally reciprocating brushes e e¹,
the cylinder brush c is put into motion from the main-shaft and may be put in and
out of action according to requirement.
The disc-brushes & which are brought into use for most of the designs, especially
for round and oval, are placed as seen in Fig. 2 so that they cover the whole width
of the surface moving underneath them. The pressure of the brushes, which are
inserted into vibrating bays, upon the glass, may be regulated to a nicety by
screws. The disc brushes are propelled from the shaft-gear. The above named
brush bays may be easily removed and instead of them a softening-brush-system
may be inserted which serves for coating the glass with enamel colour and the
brushes of which touch the glass with slight pressure.
The horizontally-reciprocating brushes e e' are connected by rods to two crank
shafts located at right angles one to the other so that whilst operating they
will move over the whole width of the table at right angles to each other, they
are therefore suitable for lining in all directions.
By a suitable disengaging gear one is enabled to use only one or two brush-
systems, according to the character of stencil.
During their operation the sets of brushes are covered with a suitable mantle in
order to avoid the escape of the color-dust or splashes.

page_text: The machine may be driven by hand or power.
The glass or the like to be decorated is inserted into a frame either as a whole
sheet or already cut up. These frames or rails m, which must be made of dry
wood of equal thickness throughout are encircled at their edges by strong iron-
bands. At the four corners and along the sides are arranged a number of short
pins n on each face of the frame, the corner pins of which receive the stencils
exactly by fitting into loops or holes therein (see Fig. 4 in plan and Fig. 5 in cross-
section). When the stencil is to be applied to whole sheets narrow ledges of the
same thickness as the glass are arranged at the circumference of the frame these
keep the sheet steady during the coating and brushing. For cut up square tiles
or pieces, panes and figures etc., holders are constructed of thin iron bands or of
strong tin-plate in such a manner, that at the one side of the separating strips
the edge is bent slightly so that the falling through of the glass exactly cut to
size is avoided. Now the glass or holder is inserted in the frame m and on the
former are placed exactly fitting wooden boards 9 of suitable shape. These
wooden boards are covered with thick felt or the like on the side facing the glass
to equalize the pressure. A backing plate which carries a number of Hat springs
is placed upon the whole in such a manner, that the four corner pins n fit exactly
into the loops or holes in the edge of the backing plate and are secured by cross
bolts (see Fig. 5).
"
The framed glass thus obtained and forming a firm whole is now reversed and
placed into the machine. Then by the softening-brushes of the machine, the glass
is coated with black or other enamel color, the respective stencils is inserted onto
the pins n of the frame and the whole is passed underneath the various brushes.
According to the character of the design on the stencil either the rotating cylinder-
brush, or the rotating disc-brushes or the horizontal brushes or any two of these
systems or all three are used.
When the frame with the first stencil has passed through the machine, the stencil
is removed from the pins n of the frame m and the counter-stencil is put in and the
frame is again passed through the machine.
This design being completed other stencils are in like manner inserted and the
process is continued according to requirements.
If the outlines or monochrome surfaces produced by the stencils are not to serve
simply as a flat ornament but are to be shaded, the outlines are either first burned
in or the glasses after having been dusted may also be coated on the machine with
other colors or shades.
The coating of the glass is done by the machine.
The brushes are all removed and the so called softening brushes are inserted.
The glasses are coated equally with the respective color by said brushes.
The glasses arrive equally coated at the other side of the set of softening-
brushes, the frames with the coated glasses are now removed and replaced by others
until all glass which is to be worked upon is coated.
When this is done the machine is adjusted again for the brushing, the frames
are covered with the dark-shade-stencil and carried along underneath the brushes.
Then this stencil is removed and the counter-stencil is inserted for the removal of
the "connecting bars."
To bring the half-shades and "lights" on the glasses the latter are covered for
the third time with a thin coating of color said color being mixed especially for
said purpose neither dissolving nor affecting the two first coats.
The further process is the same as with the first and second time, only that one
inserts now the stencils for half shade and " light" with the suitable counter-
stencil.
The result is, that after the highest lights are removed and a fine shade (lialf
shade) is over the outlines and dark shade, the whole appears as a complete shaded
picture of gradation according to the number of the stencils used. Colors can be
applied to the back of the glass before the latter is burned in muffles,

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. A method or process of applying colored or monochrome designs to glass,
tiles and other vitreous surfaces consisting in coating the glass or the like with
outline color removing same by a system of brushes and stencils and subsequently
coating same with dark shade colors, medium or half shade and light colors,
removing the unrequired portions of each by brushing through stencil plates before
applying the next color substantially as described.
2. The machine having the systems of brushes operating upon the glass or the
like mounted in a frame moved back and forth under said brushes, whereby designs
in monochrome or colors may be produced on the surface of said glass or the like.
as herein described.
Dated this 9th day of Sentember 1891
HERBERT & Co.,
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, London, W.C., Agents to Applicant.