IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF ROLLERS AND WHEELS FOR DRAWING FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Augustin Ornano Mackenzie, of Grasmere
Lodge, Uckfield, in the County of Sussex, Civil Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF
ROLLERS AND WHEELS FOR DRAWING FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES."
-:।
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Augustin Ornano
Mackenzie' at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 28th September 1864.
..
I; HENRY AUGUSTIN ORNANO, MACKENZIE, of Grasmere Lodge, Uckfield, in
the County of Sussex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF
ROLLERS AND WHEELS FOR DRAWING FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention is applicable to the process of drawing fibrous materials and
to other purposes, and consists in the construction of rollers and wheels with
an elastic rim connected by spokes or rods to a central boss or nave, in such a
manner. as to allow the said rim to yield to pressure inwards and become
flattened, thereby increasing the pressing surface thereof, but to cause it to
resist pressure outwards. For this purpose the spokes or rods for connecting
the rim to the boss are connected at one end to the rim, the other end being
passed into the boss or nave, and secured therein from drawing outwards, but

page_text: capable of passing inwards; or the spokes or rods may be made in two or
more parts. in such a manner that they can shorten but not lengthen. By
means of this arrangement of the parts, on pressure being applied to the
outside of the elastic rim, the spokes connected to the part thus pressed
against will be caused to shorten or to pass into the boss or nave, and allow
such part to become flattened, the elasticity of the rim causing it to spring out
again and assume its original circular form on the removal of the pressure.
But the spokes being so constructed as to prevent their being drawn outwards
by their contact with the inside of the boss or nave the circular form of the
rim will be preserved.
It is preferred that the said elastic rim should be composed of steel, the
spokes or rods of wrought iron or steel, and the boss or nave of wrought or
cast iron..
For some purposes the elastic rim is covered on the outside with leather,
india-rubber, or gutta percha; but the said metals and covering materials may
be varied..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henry Augustin Ornano Mackenzie in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 28th March 1865.
TO. ALL, TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS. SHALL COME, I, HENRY
AUGUSTIN ORNANO MACKENZIE, of Grasmere Lodge, Uckfield, in the County
of Sussex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Henry Augustin Ornano Mackenzie, Her special license that I,
the said Henry Augustin Ornano Mackenzie, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, and such others as I, the said Henry Augustin Ornano Mackenzie,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with
and no others, from-time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, éxercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
AND MANUFACTURE OF ROLLERS AND WHEELS FOR DRAWING FIBROUS MATERIALS,
FOR OTHER PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the

page_text: said Henry Augustin Ornano, Mackenzie, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature.
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next.and.immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
:
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Augustin Ornano Mackenzie,
do, hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same, is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawings, hereunto
annexed, and.to.the.letters and. figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
My Invention of "Improvements in the Construction and Manufacture of.
Rollers and Wheels, for Drawing Fibrous Materials, and for other Purposes,"
consists in the construction of rollers and wheels with an elastic or flexible rim
connected by.spokes or rods to a central boss or nave in such a manner as to
allow the said rim to yield to pressure, inwards and become flattened, thereby
increasing the pressing, or drawing surface, thereof, but to cause it to resist.
pressure outwards. For this purpose; the spokes or rods for connecting the
rim to the. boss are connected, at one end to the rim, the other end being,
passed into the boss or nave, and secured therein from drawing, outwards, but
capable of, passing inwards; or the spokes, or rods may be made in two or
more parts in such a manner, that they can be shortened, but not lengthened.
By means of this arrangement of the parts, on pressure being applied to the
outside of the rim, the spokes connected to the part thus pressed against will
become shortened or caused to pass into the boss or nave, and allow such, part
of the rim to yield to the pressure and become flattened, then on the removal
of the pressure such part of the rim will be restored to its original circular
form either by means of the elasticity of the metal of which it is composed or
by the tendency of the rim to take an oval form having its major axis at
right.angles to the direction of the pressure applied, and owing to the spokes
being constructed, and inserted in the boss so as not to admit of their being
drawn outwards the circular form of the rim will be preserved, except at any
part upon which pressure from the outside is applied.
.It is preferred. that the said rim when required to be elastic should be
composed of steel, also that the spokes or rods should be composed of wrought
iron or steel, and the boss or nave of wrought or cast iron.
For some purposes the rim is or may be covered with leather, india-rubber,
or gutta percha; but the said metals and covering materials may be varied.
Having thus stated the nature of the said Invention I will proceed to.

page_text: adapted for the process of drawing hemp.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a side view of a roller constructed according to the Invention
Fig. 2 is an edge view of the same, a portion of the roller being shewn in
section; Fig. 3 is a balf side view and half section of another form of röller
Fig. 4 is a vertical section of the same; Figs. 5 and 6 are similar views of
another form. of roller. In these several Figures the top roller only is shewn
as constructed according to the Invention. Fig. 7 represents both the top and
bottom roller as so constructed.
a, a, Figs: 1 and 2, is a rim of steel or other suitable metal; b, b, is the
boss or nave, to which the rim is connected by spokes c, d, by means of screw'
plugs e, e, in such a manner as to admit of the spokes sliding inwards" on
pressure being applied to the outside of the rim, as shewn at d, but to resist
the drawing of the spokes outwards. This is effected, as shewn, by a space
being formed in the boss beyond the head of each spoke in the direction.
towards the centre of the boss, into which the head of the spoke can pass, and
by the head of the spoke being made of such a size that it cannot pass'
outwards through the hole in the plug. But the mode of connecting the
spokes to the boss or nave so as to effect the double purpose 'referred to may
be varied. f,f, is a covering of leather, india-rubber, gutta 'percha, or other
suitable material, which covering is principally required when the roller is
composed of two or more rings arranged 'laterally in order to cover' the
junctions of the rings, and thereby prevent any portion of the material under
operation from passing between them;g is a wrought-iron 'Spindle forming the
axis of the roller.
In the form of roller shewn in Figs. 3 and 4 there are no spokes, but the
rim a is fitted into grooves c, c, on each side, one of such grooves being formed
in the boss b, and the other in the disc 'd bolted to the boss the grooves
c, c, in the boss b and disc d are respectively formed so as to allow a sufficient'
space for the rim, so that when pressed on the outside it may be capable of.
shewn at e,
but the
bulging inwards or becoming flattened as required; and as
rim is prevented from bulging outwards by the outer parts of the boss' band'
disc d outside the grooves c, c, as shewn in the upper part of Fig. 4
Figs. 5 and 6 are similar views of another form of roller made according to
the Invention. a is the rim of steel or other suitable material similar to that
shewn in Figs. 3 and 4; b, b, are pieces of metal which are rivetted to 'the

page_text: rim, such pieces of metal being inserted in cavities d, d, formed in the boss c,
such cavities being of sufficient depth to leave a space for the pieces of metal
d, d, to pass inwards on pressure being applied to the outer surface of the
rim a, but the said pieces of metal d, d, are prevented from moving outwards
by the outer parts of the boss c and the disc e, against which respectively the
small flanges on the pieces d, d, come in contact, as shewn in Fig. 6. By
this means the rim a is susceptible of yielding to external pressure, and
becoming flattened or bulging inwards in the manner shewn in Fig. 5, but is
prevented from bulging outwards.
In all the foregoing Figures the upper roller has been shewn constructed
according to the Invention, the lower roller being of the ordinary construction
but in Fig. 7 both rollers are shewn as constructed according to the Invention
and of the form represented in Figs. 5 and 6. The material under operation
is indicated by a black line in each of the Figures.
I would remark that when the Invention is applied to the construction of
wheels, the proportions of the parts may be varied, that is to say, the diameter
of the rim may be made to bear a greater proportion to the width thereof
than is shewn in any of the Figures referred to.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I hereby declare that I do not claim as
of my Invention any of the parts of rollers described when used separately or
otherwise, than when used in combination for the purpose described; but
what I do claim as of my Invention is the construction of rollers and wheels
with rims susceptible of being flattened or caused to bulge inwards by pressure
on their outer surface, but capable of resisting all tendency to take an oval
form or bulge outwards, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Augustin Ornano Mackenzie,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, the Twenty-first day of March,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
Witness,
A. STEINHAENSER,
Uckfield, Sussex,
Civil Engineer.
H. A. O. MACKENZIE. (L.S.)