IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF GRAINS OR MALT IN THE PRODUCTION OF WORT
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Garton, of the Town and County of the
Town of Southampton, Brewer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE TREATMENT OF GRAINS OR MALT IN THE PRODUCTION OF WORT."
Sealed the 19th June 1874, and dated the 9th February 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Garton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 9th February 1874.
I, WILLIAM GARTON, of the Town and County of the Town of South-
ampton, Brewer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
" IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF GRAINS OR MALT IN THE PRODUCTION OF
WORT," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in obtaining a further extract from grains
which have hitherto been considered as spent, such grains being the
residues from the processes of mashing in preparing wort for the purposes
of brewing, distilling, and vinegar making. For this purpose I take a
quantity of the grains, say, the residues of ten quarters of malt in the

page_text: condition in which they are usually turned out of the mash tun, and add
to them about an equal quantity of dilute sulphuric acid, of a gravity
ranging from 1010 to 1020, and digest them together at a temperature
approaching or at the boiling point of water for from one to three hours,
and then separate by pressure the liquor from the residue, which is still
undissolved, and add to it a portion of animal charcoal, say, a fiftieth
part of the weight of the acid employed. I then neutralize it with chalk
or milk of lime, after which I separate the precipitate by subsidence or
filtration from the liquor, which is then ready for use as a wort.
The same acid liquor may be made to act on several quantities of
grains by adding them in successive proportions, separating the acid
liquor from the insoluble residues of the first before adding the second,
and so on until a sufficiently heavy wort is obtained.
Under some circumstances it may be preferable to employ a much
higher temperature under pressure, in which case a considerably shorter
time and a weaker acid will suffice to bring about the solution of the
grains.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, 2
filed by the said William Garton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 8th August 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
GARTON, of the Town and County of the Town of Southampton, Brewer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of February, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Garton, Her special licence that
I, the said William Garton, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said William Garton my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein

page_text: expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREAT-
MENT OF GRAINS OR MALT IN THE PRODUCTION OF WORT," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said William Garton, my executors or admi-
nistrators, by an instrument in writing under or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date.
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Garton, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in obtaining a further extract from malt and
grain than has hitherto been obtained in the ordinary processes of
mashing in preparing wort for the purposes of brewing, distilling, and
vinegar making. For this purpose I take a quantity of the grains, say,
the residues of ten quarters of malt in the condition in which they are
usually turned out of the mash tun, and add to them about 180 gallons
of dilute sulphuric acid of a gravity ranging from 1010 to 1020, and
digest them together at a temperature approaching or at the boiling
point of water for from one to three hours, and then separate by pressure
the liquor from the residue which is still undissolved. I next, for the
purpose of defecating the liquor, add to it a portion of animal charcoal
or phosphate of lime, say, from 14 to 28 pounds. I then neutralize the
solution with chalk or milk of lime, whereby I also eliminate the nitro-
genous matters and other impurities which have been extracted from the
grains, after which I separate the precipitate containing these impurities
by subsidence or filtration from the liquor, which is then ready for use
as a wort. The refuse, which will contain precipitated phosphate of
lime as well as the nitrogenous matters, will constitute a valuable
manure.
The same acid liquor may be made to act on several quantities of
grains by adding them in successive proportions, separating the acid
liquor from the insoluble residues of the first before adding the second,
and so on until a sufficiently heavy wort is obtained.

page_text: Under some circumstances it may be preferable to employ a much
higher temperature under pressure, in which case a considerably shorter
time and a weaker acid will suffice to bring about the solution of the
grains. While with this higher temperature and a stronger acid a still
greater extract will be obtained owing to the conversion of a con-
siderable proportion of the cellulose as well as of the starchy matters
of the wort which have not been rendered soluble and converted by the
heat ordinarily applied and the diastase of the malt.
In some cases it may be advantageous to treat the products of the
mash at an earlier stage, that is to say, after a first or second mashing
or sparging; but this should not be done until the conversion of the
starch and other constituents of the malt has been completed, as far as
the diastase of the malt and the heat applied can be rendered available.
In these cases it may be more convenient to neutralize the acid employed
before separating it from the mass.
The treatment before described may take place in a wooden vessel,
or a vessel lined with lead, provided with a leaden or gun metal steam
pipe, or other ordinary heating arrangement, and with an agitator of any
suitable construction for working up the mass. Where practicable, that
is to say, where there is no metal in the mash tun liable to be acted
upon by the acid the treatment may take place in the mash tun itself.
Instead of sulphuric acid hydrochloric acid may be employed, but not
with such advantage.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Garton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of August, One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-four.