Improvements in or relating to Roller Bearings and Ball Bearings.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Apr., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 27th Jan., 1900-Accepted, 31st Mar., 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Roller Bearings and Ball Bearings.
I, LOUIS BRENNAN, of Woodlands, Gillingham, in the County of Kent,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
:-
My invention relates to the construction of cages for roller bearings and ball
bearings by means of which the rollers or balls are constrained to occupy fixed
positions in relation to one another.
I construct the cage for such a bearing wholly or in part of a metal or alloy
having a melting point at a temperature less than that which would destroy the
hardness or temper of the rollers or balls contained therein.
The rollers or balls are temporarily held in a suitable mould in the relative
positions that they are to occupy in the cage.
The molten metal or alloy is
poured into this mould thereby casting the cage about the rollers or balls.
In some cases, I cause the mould to be rotated at a high speed during the
casting operation.
By this means I construct a cage consisting of a single casting of any desired
form and containing the rollers or balls partially embedded and locked therein
with only their opposite sides protruding and visible above the levels of the
surfaces of the cage, but all capable of rotation about their own axes.
In some cases I strengthen the cages by placing in the mould before casting
suitable rings or pieces of steel or other metal which become parts of the cage.
In some cases the cages are made to contain both rollers and balls.
Dated this 28th day of April 1899.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Roller Bearings and Ball Bearings.
I, LOUIS BRENNAN, of Woodlands, Gillingham, in the County of Kent,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
My invention relates to the construction of frames, holders or cages (hereinafter
called cages) for roller bearings and ball bearings by means of which the rollers or
balls are constrained to occupy fixed positions in relation to one another.
I construct the cage for such a bearing wholly or in part of a metal or alloy
having a melting point at a temperature less than that which would destroy the
hardness or temper of the rollers or balls contained therein.
The rollers or balls are temporarily held in a suitable mould in the relative

page_text: through its opposite sides. Such a bearing is or may be strengthened by an
external ring m of metal or alloy having a higher melting point and of greater
strength than the metal or alloy of which the cage m is made, for example of steel
or gun metal. This bearing may be formed by clamping the balls between the
nner ends of two series of holes o formed in two perforated blocks c and d
(Figs. 9, 10 and 11) the adjacent faces of which are recessed to receive and hold
two concentric rings n and p between which is an annular space in which the
balls are held as described at a suitable distance apart and into which the
metal or alloy to form the cage in is run through one or other of the passages k, k¹
in the upper block e.
Figs. 12 and 13 are elevations at right angles to each other showing another
construction of ball bearing according to this invention. Fig. 14 is a longitudinal
section, and Fig. 15 an end view of a mould suitable for use in commencing the
production of such a ball bearing, and Fig. 16 shows in longitudinal vertical
section, a mould suitable for completing the production of such bearing. Fig. 17
shows in section a conical' chuck suitable for rotating the mould shown in Fig. 16.
The ball bearing shown in Figs. 12 and 13 comprises a number of annular
rows of balls mounted to rotate in a hollow cylindrical cast cages through the
opposite sides of which the balls slightly project.
Such a bearing may conveniently be produced by placing within a cylinder t
(Fig. 14) accurately bored to a diameter corresponding to the extreme outside
diameter of the required ball bearing, a sufficient number of balls of the
required diameter to form the desired number of annular rows of balls in the
bearing, the balls in each row and in the adjacent rows touching one another.
The cylinder t with the balls therein is clamped between a ring and a socket v
which is attached, as by screwing, to a spindle which is suitably rotated, say at
about twelve hundred revolutions per minute, whereby the balls are caused by
centrifugal force to set themselves in close contact with the inner surface of the
cylinder. A small quantity of a suitable material, such for example as moistened
plaster of Paris, is then fed into the rotating cylinder through the ring u, where-
upon it is immediately thrown outward by centrifugal force so as to form a
thin lining w to the elinder and in which the balls will be partly embedded,
the rotation being continued until the said material has set sufficiently hard to
hold the balls in the required relative positions whereupon the rotation of the
socket is stopped. The inner ends of the ring and socket vare recessed at .r
(Fig. 14) so that the lining we extends a short distance beyond the balls lat
each end. A sufficient quantity of the metal or alloy to form the required hollow
cylindrical cage s.(Figs. 12 and 13), is then placed within the cylinder and the
cylinder clamped between two plates y and (Fig. 16) formed respectively with
circular extensions 1 and 2 that enter the ends of the cylinder t up to the ends of
the lining
shown, and
of
is provided with
stem 3 fitted to revolve in a handle 4. The mould formed by the cylinder t
and the end plates y and z, which are made of truncated conical shape, is then
heated in any convenient manner, as for example by placing it for a short time in
a heated oil bath, to a temperature sufficient to melt the metal or alloy within the
mould but not sufficient to affect the temper of the balls when these are made
of hardened steel, whereupon the mould is inserted by means of the handle 4 into
a rapidly rotating conical chuck 5 (Fig. 17) so that the mould is rotated say at
about twelve hundred revolutions per minute, whereby the molten metal, alloy
or other material therein is caused by centrifugal force to move outward
and form the required hollow cylindrical cages (Figs. 12 and 13) through the
inner and outer surfaces of which the balls project. When the metal or
alloy has had time to cool and become hard, the rotation is stopped, the cylinder t
removed from between the plates y and, and the cast cages with balls and
plaster or other coating withdrawn from the cylinder, after which the said coating
is removed leaving the cages with balls ready for use. This construction of
10
as
one
which
a

page_text: cage and are capable of rotation about their axes, the said cage being formed of
material that is fusible at a temperature below that which would injure the hard-
ness or temper of the rollers or balls when these are of hardened metal, substan-
tially as described.
3. Constructing the cage of a roller or ball bearing by temporarily holding the
rollers or balls in a suitable mould and in the relative positions which they are
to occupy in the cage and casting the cage around and about the rollers or balls
in such a manner that the latter partly project through the cage and so that the
sockets closely fit those parts of the rollers or balls that are within them and retain
the rollers or balls in place whilst leaving them free to rotate, substantially as
described.
4. A roller or ball bearing having a cast cage of the kind herein described
strengthened by rings or pieces of steel or other metal arranged to form
parts of the said cage, substantially as described.
5. Roller or ball bearings having cages constructed substantially as herein before
described with reference to and shown in Figs. 1 and 2; in Figs. 7 and 8; in
Figs. 12 and 13; and in Figs. 18 and 19 of the drawings annexed.
Dated this 27th day of January 1900.
For the Applicant,
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Chartered Patent Agent.

page_text: Date of Application 29th Apr. 1899
Complete Specification Left, 29th Jan., 1900-Accepted, 29th June, 1900
Complete Specification Left, 29th Jan., 1900-Accepted, 29th June, 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to Cards for Correspondence, Advertising,
and other purposes.
I, PETER JOSEF BACHEM, Owner of a Photography Establishment and Litho-
graphic Printing-office at Cologne, 21, Koenigsplatz, in the Province of Rhine-
land and Kingdom of Prussia, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
1
The present invention has on the one hand reference to the adoption of coloured
representations, which are influenced in their colour by change of temperature,
to cards of all kinds, i.e. correspondence and advertising cards such as have been
circulated multifold and zealously collected during the last years, e.g. cards
with views, Liebig's pictures and the like; and on the other hand, an especial
process for preparing such coloured representations.
The invention consists in the first instance therein, that the representations
brought onto the card, are produced in such pigments that some or all of them
undergo a change, either by receiving another shade, or disappearing, or coming
into view, or disappearing and being replaced by others, on being under the
influence of alteration i.e. change of temperature.
Such paints are therefore used which, such as the majority of the cobalt paints,
have in the cold another colour, or another shade or intensity than in the warmth,
or appear or disappear in the warmth or cold, quite independently of the fact
whether, after appearing, they once and for all remain e.g, on being warmed, or
if by a new change of temperature e.g. by a cooling they again disappear only
to re-appear on renewed warmth, and so on.
The present invention includes moreover a special process, by which it is
made possible for two distinct coloured pictures to be produced on one and the
same card, one of which is only visible in the cold, the other in the warmth,
so that by every change of temperature the pictures alternately appear and dis-
appear.
The process consists in the main therein that, either such pigments are chosen
for the two different. pictures to be laid on cne, over the other on the same
surface of the card, that they are soluble in different fluids only, eg. those for
the underneath picture soluble in water, and those for the upper picture soluble
in spirits, or by the use of colours soluble in the same medium for both pictures,
separated by a transparent medium, but indifferent to the medium of solution,
which acts as coating to the under picture onto which the upper picture is laid.
If one proceeded otherwise, the production of two different alternately appearing
pictures above one another were impossible, as the colours and drawing of the
second picture would diffuse with those of the first.
For the rest, it matters not what kind of pictural representations they be, of
what subject they treat, nor moreover how large or how thick the cards are, nor
of what material they consist. One can, instead of paper or pasteboard, just
as well utilize wood, leather, sheet-metal, celluloid, gelatine, and so on.