IMPROVEMENTS IN WWW BADO AND TOOLS MADE TORD IN METALLURGIC OPERATIONS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Yates, of Duke Street, in the City of
Westminster, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WWW BADO AND TOOLS MADE TORD IN METALLURGIC OPERATIONS"
Sealed the 9th March 1869, and dated the 13th October 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Yates at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th October 1868.
I, WILLIAM YATES, of Duke Street, in the City of Westminster,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FURNACES AND TOOLS TO BE USED IN METALLURGIO
OPERATIONS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in the furnaces and tools to be used
in metallurgic operations relates more particularly to puddling,
converting, and reheating furnaces in which iron and steel are operated
upon, and consists in constructing such furnaces or protecting their
inner surfaces by a lining so that they will be better able to resist the
great heat to which such furnaces are exposed in metallurgic operations.

page_text: In constructing a new furnace, say, for example, a rotary puddling
furnace, I form a cylinder of a suitable number of wedge-shaped bars
of malleable cast iron, steel, or other suitable alloy of iron which is
not weldable or weldable with difficulty, and which melts only at a very
high heat. Ordinary wrought iron in its natural state is not applicable
for the purposes of my Invention, but if heated in a mass of fused
prussiate of potash its surface will be so far hardened as to render it
difficult to weld, and therefore when so prepared may be employed
either for lining or for constructing some of the kinds of furnaces
hereafter mentioned. The wedge-shaped bars above mentioned, of
malleable cast iron, steel, or other alloy of iron, are secured in place,
either by being placed inside a casing made of sheet iron or by means of
metal bands or rings, or in any other convenient manner; or the wedge-
shaped bars may be attached or fixed to end plates made of malleable
cast iron or steel in which are made openings for obtaining access to the
interior of the cylinder. Bessemer converting vessels, the hearths of
puddling or reheating furnaces, and other parts of furnaces used
in metallurgic operations may be also made of a number of blocks or
bars of malleable cast iron, steel, or other suitable alloy of iron of
convenient shape secured together in any suitable manner. I also
propose to line ordinary puddling, or other furnaces, such as those above
mentioned, with bars or blocks of malleable iron, steel, or other suitable
alloy of iron in place of the lining now used, and which it is well known
is quickly worn away by the heat of the molten metal and becomes
incorporated with the metal, which is thereby much deteriorated in
quality, whereas according to my improvements I do not find it
necessary to employ any brick or earthen lining as is now the case.
The tools or rabbles to be used in puddling iron in the ordinary manner
may also be made of malleable cast iron or steel; as these substances
will only weld with great difficulty I make only the lower or working
part of the tool of malleable cast iron, and this part may be rivetted on
to an iron handle or secured in a tubular handle, such as a piece of
wrought-iron gas pipe.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Yates in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 13th April 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
YATES, of Duke Street, in the City of Westminster, Gentleman, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Yates, Her special licence
that I, the said William Yates, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others, as I, the said William Yates, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE FURNACES AND TOOLS TO BE USED IN METALLURGIC OPERATIONS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Yates, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
-:
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Yates, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto
annexed and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
My Invention of "Improvements in the Furnaces and Tools to be used
in Metallurgic Operations" relates more particularly to puddling, con-
verting, and reheating furnaces in which iron and steel are operated upon,
and consists in constructing such furnaces or protecting their inner
surfaces by a lining so that they will be better able to resist the great
heat to which such furnaces are exposed in metallurgic operations.

page_text: In constructing a new furnace, say, for example, a rotary puddling
furnace, such as that shewn in the accompanying Drawing, I form a
cylinder, as shewn in the longitudinal section Fig. 1, of a suitable
number of wedge-shaped bars a, a, a, of malleable cast iron, steel, or
other suitable alloy of iron which is not weldable or weldable with
difficulty, and which melts only at a very high heat. One of these bars
is shewn detached in side and end elevation at Figures 2 and 3. Fig. 4
is a cross section of another form of bar which is wider than that shewn
at Fig. 3. Ordinary wrought iron in its natural state is not applicable
to be used for the bars a, a, for the purposes of my Invention, but if bars
made of ordinary wrought iron be heated in a mass of fused prussiate of
potash its surface will be so far hardened as to render it difficult to weld,
and therefore when so prepared may be employed either for lining or for
constructing some of the kinds of furnaces hereafter mentioned. The
wedge-shaped bars above mentioned, of malleable, cast iron, steel, or
other alloy of iron, are secured in place either by being placed inside a
casing 6 made of sheet iron, as shewn at Fig. 1, or by means of metal
bands or rings, or in any other convenient manner; or the wedge-shaped
bars may be attached or fixed to end plates c, d, made of malleable cast
iron or steel in which are made openings c, d, for obtaining access to
the interior of the cylinder. Instead of constructing or lining the
rotary puddling cylinder with longitudinal bars a, a, as shewn at Fig. 1,
and the cross sectional view Fig. 1, the cylinder may be formed
of a series of rings or segments e, e, as shewn in the partial longitudinal
section Fig. 5, and also at e, e, in the cross section Fig. 1º. One of
these segments is shewn detached in side elevation and cross section
at Figures 6 and 7. Bessemer converting vessels, the hearths of puddling
furnaces or reheating furnaces, and other parts of furnaces used in
metallurgic operations may be also made of a number of blocks or bars
of malleable cast iron, steel, or other suitable alloy of iron of convenient
shape secured together in any suitable manner. I also propose to line
ordinary puddling or other furnaces, such as those above mentioned, with
bars or blocks of malleable iron, steel, or other suitable alloy of iron in
place of the lining now used, and which it is well known is quickly worn
away by the heat of the molten metal and becomes incorporated with
the metal, which is thereby much deteriorated in quality, whereas
according to my improvements I do not find it necessary to employ any
brick or earthen lining as is now the case. These malleable cast-iron
bars or blocks may if desired be made hollow or perforated, as shewn in

page_text: the detached views Figures 8, in order to save weight and material, and to
allow the blocks or pieces to be more readily acted upon during the pro-
cess of decarbonization, whereby the metal is converted into malleable
cast iron. Water or air may if desired be made to flow through the
blocks or bars in order to keep them cool.
A modification of the arrangement above referred to for keeping the
furnace cool is shewn at Fig. 6, which is a partial longitudinal section of
a cylinder, around which there is a series of coils of wrought iron tubing
through which water may be made to pass in order to keep the furnace
cool. The iron tubing should be wound up into rings or coils beginning
round the opening at the flue end and so coiling in circles, each larger
than the other, betwixt the face plate of malleable cast iron and the
outer plate of wrought iron, then turning round the barrel to form a coil
betwixt the outer casing and the malleable cast iron or other lining, and
so on, terminating in a coil at the fire end similar in form to that at the
flue end. Water is admitted into the coil from a trough placed between
the down-take flue and the furnace. A flat-sided cup-shaped mouth
piece is adapted to the end of the tube and is made to dip into the
trough and take up the water as the cylinder rotates. A cock in the
neck of the tube would be required to regulate the quantity which
should be allowed to pass in, and practice would soon determine the
proper amount of water required. The water would circulate or be
caused to run through the entire coil and pass out at the other end either
in the form of steam or water. The water and steam on passing out
may be conducted below the fire and utilized for forming hydrogen to
assist the combustion of the fuel, or it may be passed into the boiler.
The cylinder itself might be formed of a coil of tube made of
malleable cast iron, and water made to circulate through the same in
the manner just explained. It will be obvious that furnaces can be
made entirely of malleable cast iron, but for the sake of economy it
will be found preferable that the lining only should be formed of this
more expensive material. When the furnace (of whatever form or con-
struction) has been made it will be necessary to fill up all the crevices
between the blocks or bars a or e, to which end iron cinder or scale, or
titanic iron ore, or such like fire resisting material is melted in the
furnace so that it may run into and close up all cracks or crevices.
The tools or rabbles to be used in puddling iron in the ordinary manner
may also be made of malleable cast iron or steel; as these substances
will only weld with great difficulty I make only the lower or working

page_text: part of the tool of malleable cast iron, and this part may be rivetted
on to an iron handle or secured in a tubular handle, such as a piece of
wrought-iron gas pipe. A tap hole or opening e*, Fig. 1°, is provided
for the purpose of running off the excess of melted cinder or to run off
any molten substance that may be in the cylinder.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of "Improvements
in the Furnaces and Tools to be used in Metallurgic Operations," and
explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be
understood that under the above in part recited Letters Patent I claim,―
Constructing or lining puddling and other furnaces used in metallurgic
operations of malleable cast iron, steel, or other alloy of iron which
is not weldable or weldable with difficulty.
I also claim making the puddling tools or rabbles of malleable cast
iron, as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Yates, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, the Twelfth day of April, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
nine..
WILL YATES. (L.S.)