OR IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF TISSUES APPLICABLE AS A BASE OR SKELETON OF PLASTER CEILINGS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John Haddan, of Kensington, Middlesex for an
Invention of NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF
TISSUES APPLICABLE AS A BASE OR SKELETON OF PLASTER CEILINGS AND
FOR OTHER PURPOSES a communication to him from abroad by Hermann
Kahls, of Chemnitz, in the kingdom of Saxony
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Herbert John Haddan at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th March 1883.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex, "NEW OR IMPROVED
MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF TISSUES APPLICABLE AS A BASE OR
SKELETON OF PLASTER CEILINGS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," a communication
to me from abroad by Hermann Kahls, of Chemnitz, in the Kingdom of
Saxony,
This invention has for its object to manufacture a special kind of woven tissue,
applicable as a support or skeleton in plaster-ceilings, which tissue is described in
the specification of the German Patent N° 10891.
The wire serving to connect the wooden laths or bars surrounds the supporting
wire helically.
A driving shaft provided with a worm gearing into a worm wheel imparts to
the worm wheel shaft a rotary motion (about 7 to 9 revolutions per minute).
Each of the warp or chain wires is wound upon a bobbin and passes therefrom
through a hollow spindle, the axial opening of which is narrowed where the wire
leaves the spindle. The wires then pass through a reed over a guide roller to the
drum, where they are fixed by means of a groove and a wooden feather.
When the wires are thus fixed, the binding wires are led from their bobbins over
guide-rollers through the reed, and coiled with their contiguous ends around the
warp-wires. If the wires are suitably tightened by braking their bobbins, a lease
or shed is formed in front of the lathe, into which shed the wooden bar is inserted
from the side.

page_text: If after this preparation the machine is started, the worm wheel shaft is set in
motion, and thereby also the hollow spindles above mentioned, and as the bobbins
of the binding-wires are mounted on the spindles, the binding-wires are coiled
arround the warp-wire, and also laid around the wooden bar above mentioned.
During this time the worm wheel shaft has set in motion a cam mounted on a
separate shaft driven by bevel-wheels.
This cam is so shaped and arranged that it has moved the lathe or lay forward
(by means of suitable lever connections) when the spindle commences its rotation.
When the coiling commences the lathe has already caused the wooden rod to
advance by an amount equal to the travel of the lathe, and thereby tightened the
binding-wire, after which the lathe remains at rest during one quarter turn of the
worm-wheel shaft. As the spurwheel mounted on the worinwheel shaft and
driving the pinions on the hollow spindles, has twice the diameter of these pinions,
the spindles have made half a revolution, and the bobbins attached to the same
are in their lowest position.
These bobbins recominence now their upward motion, and the lathe begins its
return motion, so that both arrive simultaneously at the opposite end of their
travel. The spurwheel has a circular flange provided with two diametrically
opposite notches into which enters a pawl pivoted on a pin.
The said pawl is a double lever provided at one end with a nose, and at the
other end with a pin passing through an opening in the worm-wheel and projecting
over the same.
A spring applied to the worm wheel presses the nose of the pawl continually
against the flange of the spur wheel. In consequence of this arrangement the
spurwheel will alternately share a half revolution of the wormwheel, and remain at
rest during the other half.
When the bobbin with fine wire has arrived at its highest position, the pin of
the pawl passes under the inclined plane of a lever or arm and disengages the
pawl, so that the wormnwheel ceases to drive the spurwheel, and the hollow spindles
stand still during half a revolution of the worm wheel shaft.
As a new shed or lease is being formed while the spindles and the lathe are at
rest, the attendant has time to insert another wooden rod. After a quarter turn
of the worm wheel shaft the lathe begins to advance, thereby pressing the second
rod firmly against the first one and tightening the wire. When this operation is
finished and the lathe remains in its extreme position, the hollow spindles
recommence their rotation, the binding-wire coils around the new rod and the
warp-wire, as before, and the whole process is repeated. During the forward
motion of the lay the guide roller is turned forward one tooth corresponding to the
width of a wooden rod,
During the return-motion of the lay the weight serving to tighten the fabric is
lifted; the weight is not sufficient to overcome the braking of the wire, but holds
the fabric tight against the guide roller which is provided with small bristles which
take into the wooden rods or slats.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Herbert John Haddan in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
29th September 1883.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex, "NEW OR IMPROVED
MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF TISSUES APPLICABLE AS A BASE OR
SKELETON OF PLASTER CEILINGS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," a communication
to me from abroad by Hermann Kahls, of Chemnitz, in the Kingdom of
Saxony,
This invention has for its object to manufacture a special kind of woven tissue,
applicable as a support or skeleton in plaster-ceilings, which tissue is described in
the specification of the German Patent No 10891.
The wire serving to connect the wooden laths or bars surrounds the supporting
wire helically.
A driving shaft provided with a worm gearing into a worm wheel imparts to the
worm wheel shaft a rotary motion (about 7 to 9 revolutions per minute).
Each of the warp or chain wires is wound upon a bobbin and passes therefrom
through a hollow spindle, the axial opening of which is narrowed where the wire
leaves the spindle.
The wires then pass through a reed over a guide roller to the drum, where they
are fixed by means of a groove and a wooden feather.
When the wires are thus fixed, the binding wires are led from their bobbins over
guide-rollers through the reed, and coiled with their contiguous ends around the
warp-wires.
If the wires are suitably tightened by braking their bobbins, a lease or shed is
formed in front of the lathe, into which shed the wooden bar is inserted from
the side.
If after this preparation the machine is started, the worm wheel shaft is set in
motion, and thereby also the hollow spindles above mentioned, and as the bobbins
of the binding-wires are mounted on the spindles, the binding-wires are coiled
around the warp-wire, and also laid around the wooden bar above mentioned.
During this time the worm wheel shaft has set in motion a cam mounted on a
separate shaft driven by bevel-wheels.
This cam is so shaped and arranged that it has moved the lathe or lay forward
(by means of suitable lever connections) when the spindle commences its rotation.
When the coiling commences the lathe has already caused the wooden rod to
advance by an amount equal to the travel of the lathe, and thereby tightened the
binding-wire, after which the lathe remains at rest during one quarter turn of the
worm wheel shaft. As the spurwheel mounted on the wormwheel shaft and driving
the pinions on the hollow spindles, has twice the diameter of these pinions, the
spindles have made half a revolution, and the bobbins attached to the same are in
their lowest position.
These bobbins recommence now their upward motion, and the lathe begins its
return motion, so that both arrive simultaneously at the opposite end of their
travel. The spurwheel has a circular flange provided with two diametrically
opposite notches into which enters a pawl pivoted on a pin.
The said pawl is a double lever provided at one end with a nose, and at the
other end with a pin passing through an opening in the wormwheel and projecting
over the same.
A spring applied to the worm wheel presses the nose of the pawl continually
against the flange of the spurwheel. In consequence of this arrangement the spur-
wheel will alternately share a half revolution of the worm wheel, and remain at rest
during the other half.

page_text: When the bobbin with fine wire has arrived at its highest position, the pin of
the pawl passes under the inclined plane of a lever or arm and disengages the pawl,
so that the worm wheel ceases to drive the spurwheel, and the hollow spindles stand
still during balf a revolution of the wormwheel shaft.
As a new shed or lease is being formed while the spindles and the lathe are at
rest, the attendant has time to insert another wooden rod. After a quarter turn of
the worm wheel shaft the lathe begins to advance, thereby pressing the second rod
firmly against the first one and tightening the wire. When this operation is
finished and the lathe remains in its extreme position, the hollow spindles recom-
mence their rotation, the binding-wire coils around the new rod and the warp-wire,
as before, and the whole process is repeated. During the forward motion of the
lay the guide-roller is turned forward one tooth corresponding to the width of a
wooden rod.
During the return-motion of the lay the weight serving to tighten the fabric is
lifted; the weight is not sufficient to overcome the braking of the wire, but holds
the fabric tight against the guide roller which is provided with small bristles which
take into the wooden rods or slats.
Referring to the drawings the machine is mounted on a firmly fixed metal
frame, which is composed of two lateral cheeks A A and of longitudinal
shaped bars B B¹, also connecting rods b b. Four or six being the chains or warp
wires of the woven tissue are wound on larger bobbins C. These bobbins rotate on
pins a which are fixed vertical on the longitudinal bar B and are placed on plates
which correspond to their margins and are braked by means of weighted disks.
The warp or chain wire passes from each bobbin through the reed of a spindle D
which is narrowed at its front end to give the wire a perfect guide. The bearings E
of the bobbins D are fastened at sufficient distances on the second longitudinal
bar B. Close to the front of the spindle D is placed a lay F with an upwards
slanting locking sheet c. The lay F is firmly connected with a frame d composed
of three vertical lists and a horizontal cross list and which has its fulcrum in v at
the foot of the cheeks A. The sheet c has in front of the spindles slits through
which the warp-wires pass (this corresponds to the wool card of the loom). From
the lay F the warp wire passes over a guide roller G and thence to the drum H.
Towards the centre of the machine and parallel to the side cheeks A is situated the
shaft W which has its bearings on the bars B and B', on this shaft the bevel-
wheel e and worm wheel fare wedged fast, while a spur wheel g revolves freely on
the same. At a right angle to the shaft W is placed the driving shaft W' which
has its bearings on the cheeks A A, and on which shaft W is mounted the
worm f¹, which gears into the wheelf driving the shaft W. (see Figs 1 and 2).
The spurwheel g is mounted on the side towards f with a circular flange gl
provided with two diametrically opposite notches into which enters a pawl h
(Fig 1 and 2) pivoted by means of a pin on the worm wheel f. The pawl h is a
double lever provided at one end with a nose (Fig 1) and at the other end with a
pin h¹, passing through an opening in the worm-wheel ƒ and projecting over the
same on the side near the spur-wheel g. By means of a spring h² (Fig 1) fixed to
the worm-wheel f, the nose of the pawl is continually pressed against a projecting
flange of the spur-wheel g owing to which the nose when turned with the wheel f
comes into friction with the said flange of the fixed wheel g and enters into the
notches of the latter when meeting the same-The nose having entered into one
of the notches causes a compact coupling between the worm-wheel f and the spur-
wheel g and the latter will be caused to follow the motion of the former. Above
the shaft W (Fig 2) an arm k is screwed to the longitudinal bar B, which arm has
an inclined plane close to the worm-wheel f (see Fig 1). The pin h' of the pawl h
projecting from the worm-wheel f, during its revolution with f is placed under
this inclined plane and pressed down by the same and thereby releases the nose
fixed on the other extremity of the pawl from the notch on the flange g¹.
The coupling of the worm wheel and spur-wheel is thereby interrupted and will
again be re-established after the worm-wheel ƒ has completed half à revolution, so

page_text: that the nose of the pawl will enter the second notch. The spur-wheel g will
therefore alternately follow half a revolution of the worm wheel and remain at rest
during the other half of the revolution of the same.
The spur-wheel g imparts its motion to the spur-wheels 23 and 2 of
the spindles D' to D. The diameter of these spur-wheels being half of that of the
wheel g.
During one revolution of the worm-wheel f, the six spindles, revolving all in the
same direction will make one revolution and remain at rest for the same length of
time. A bevel-wheel e mounted on the shaft W gears into a second bevel-wheel c'
mounted on to the same axle as a cam l. This axle has its bearings on an arm
screwed to the bar B' (Fig 2). Parallel to the guide roller a secondary shaft Wa
has its bearings on the cheeks A A¹.
On this shaft are mounted on different planes four lever-arms m¹ m² m³ m
(Fig 2); one of these, m² carries a roller n, which slides on the cam 7 being pressed
against the same by means of a spring x, attached to the other end of the cross-
beam d of the lay F. The lever m¹ is connected with the lay F by means of a
bar. The cam which is rotated in a uniform manner by the bevel pinions e e¹ is so
arranged that during one quarter of a revolution of the shaft W the roller n with
the lever m² is raised, remains at rest during one quarter of a revolution, descends
during one quarter of a revolution and again remains at rest during one quarter of
a revolution. The lever m² will therefore have a periodical oscillating motion,
being consequently also imparted to all the other levers m³ m³ m².
The lever m¹ connected with the lay F imparts to the same a forward and
backward notion in such manner that the latter remains during one quarter
revolution of the shaft in front of the spindle D, then moves during one
quarter revolution of the shaft towards the guide-roller G, rests during one
quarter revolution of W in its final position and travels again during the
last quarter revolution of W towards the spindles. On the shaft of the guide
roller G is firmly fixed a ratchet wheel a while a double lever o revolves freely on
the same, bearing on its shorter upper arm a pawl, which gears into the ratchet-
wheel 8, while its longer lower arm is connected by means of a bar with the lever m³
of the shaft W".
The levers m³ and o are of such a length that at each revolution of the shaft W
the pawl p turns the guide roller G for one tooth of the ratchet-wheel.
The backward rotation of the guide roller during the backward motion of the
pawl p is prevented by means of the pawl pl attached to the frame.
Both pawls
are kept in gear with the ratchet-wheel by their own weight.
On the drum shaft H is firmly fixed a ratchet-wheel 8, and loosely mounted on
the same a bell-crank o¹, the shorter arm of which holds a pawl p² and the longer
arm a weight g.
The forward rotation of the drum is caused by the weight g, which is raised at
intervals, by means of a rod connected with the lever m. During this rotation a
pawl prevents a backward turning of the shaft H. The rod connecting the
levers o' and m has a slit at its lower end, arranged in such a manner as to allow
the lifting of the lever o¹ while preventing the depression of the same.
By means of this arrangement the chain or warp-wire is continually stretched
whatever the quantity of the material wound on the same.
The drum has a groove into which a wooden feather is forced. Into the latter
the ends of the chain or warp-wires are fixed and bent at right angles. When a
sufficient quantity of material is wound on the drum, the whole of the rolled up
tissue is drawn from the shaft together with the wooden feather after which the
feather is removed in a radial direction. On the square head of the spindles D,
screwed at a right angle to the axis of the same are pins, serving to hold small
bobbins with binding wire.
In front of the pins holding the bobbins is placed a guide roller t mounted on a
small arm over which roller passes the binding wire before passing through the slit
of the locking sheet c of the lathe F. Near the head of the spindle D (Fig 4) are

page_text: fixed two springs having on their upper ends bill-shaped brake blocks made of
brass or of other metal. These springs, by means of the bill-shaped blocks hold
the bobbin J in a simple manner, so that the latter are prevented from sliding off
the pins, while they act at the same time as brakes of the bobbins, and are
provided with screws by means of which the braking may be regulated.
For the purpose of permitting a convenient spooling of the bobbins J and C an
arm K, having a pin on which is pivoted a strap pulley y, is secured to one of the
cheeks A (Fig 3).
The strap pulley y is driven by a similar pulley y¹ mounted on the driving
shaft W, by means of an endless belt.
The bobbin J is placed on the revolving pin of the disc y and prevented from
gliding off by means of a crank pin and a collar and is caused to rotate in the well
known manner by means of a pin or take-about of the disc y which enters a
corresponding notch of the bobbin J.
For the purpose of winding the wire closely on, the lever L of the wire guide is
caused to move backward and forward by means of the lever M and the excentric N.
The excentric N is mounted on the worm wheel shaft W (Fig 2 and 3) and a small
roller held by the lever M and presses by the spring a slides on the excentric N.
The machine works as follows.
The shaft W is driven by means of endless belts or by a similar device, in such
a manner that the shaft W which is driven by W₁ by means of a worm and a
worm wheel fis caused to make from 7 to 9 revolutions per minute. When the
warp wires have been led from the bobbin C through the hollow spindles D and
through the slits of the locking-sheet c, over the guide rollers G to the the drum H
and fixed by the above described wooden feather, the binding wires are led from the
bobbins J over the guide rollers t, through the slits of the locking sheet c and coiled
with their ends around the warp wires. If the wires are properly tightened by
braking their bobbins J and C a lease or shed is formed in front of the lathe, into
which shed the trapezoidal sectioned wooden bar is inserted from the side. When
now the machine is started, the worm wheel f imparts its motion in the manner
above described to the shaft W; the pawl h enters into a notch of the flange g' so
as to cause the spur wheel to rotate, which causes the spindles D to revolve.
Owing to this rotation, the binding wire of the bobbins J is coiled helically
round the warp-wire of the bobbins Cand is wound at the same time round the
small wooden bar. At the same time the worm wheel shaft W by means of the bevel-
wheels e e¹ has set in motion the cam l. The cam is mounted in such a manner that
when the spindle has begun to rotate, the lay has been moved forward towards the
guide roller by means of the lever m², the shaft W, the lever m² and the connecting
rod. When the coiling begins the lathe F has already caused the wooden rod to
advance by an amount equal to the travel of the lathe, thereby tightened the
binding wire; and remains now at rest during one quarter of a revolution of the
shaft W owing to the particular shape of the cam 7 above described.
The wheels i i... having half the diameter of the wheels gg..
the spindles D
have made half a revolution during this rest. The bobbins J are in their lowest
position diametrically opposite the position shown in Fig 2. The bobbins J now
recommence their upward motion and the lay F begins its return travel so that
both simultaneously arrive in the position shown by Fig 2. The bobbin having
arrived at its highest position the pin of the pawl passes under the inclined plane
of the lever or arm as described and disengages the pawl. The worn-wheel ceases
to drive the spur-wheel g and the hollow spindles D stand still during half a
revolution of the worm wheel shaft W. The roller n las also arrived at a resting
plane of the cam 7 and remains at rest during one quarter of a revolution of the
shaft W.
As a new shed or lease is being formed while the spindles and the lathe are at
rest, the attendant has time to insert another small wooden bar. After another
quarter revolution of the shaft W and after resting for one quarter revolution, the
lathe F begins to advance thereby pressing the second bar firmly against the first

page_text: and tightening the wire. When this operation is finished and the lathe remains at
rest in its extreme position, the hollow spindles D recommence their rotation, the
wire of the bobbins J coils round the new small wooden bar and the warp-wire, as
above described, after which the whole process is periodically repeated. During the
forward motion of the lay F, caused by the periodical oscillating motion of the
shaft W, the latter by means of levers m³ and o, pawl p and ratchet s imparts to
the guide roller a forward turning of one tooth corresponding to the width of one
of the small wooden bars. The weight g serving to tighten the fabric is lifted
during the return motion of the lathe F so that when the small rods are again
displaced by the lathe the weight g draws the fabric along. During this operation
the effect of the weight g is not sufficient to overcome the braking of the wire but
holds the fabric constantly tight against the guide roller which is provided with
small bristles which take into the wooden bars or slabs, moving the fabric ahead to
an amount equal to the width of a wooden bar at every forward motion of the lay.
It should be observed that the binding wire is coiled helically around the wooden
bars and the warp wire as shown in Fig 5; and the machine can be arranged in
such a manner that after every encircling of a bar the wire is coiled over once more
whereby a ananially comment ticcna is obtained