IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS AND APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE BURNING OF PETROLEUM, PARAFFIN OIL, AND OTHER HYDROCARBON FLUIDS FOR OBTAINING LIGHT AND HEAT
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Brash, of Leith, in the County of Mid
Lothian, Soap, Candle, and Oil Manufacturer, and William Young,
Manager of the Oil Works, Straiton, in the same County, for the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS AND APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE
BURNING OF PETROLEUM, PARAFFIN OIL, AND OTHER HYDROCARBON FLUIDS
FOR OBTAINING LIGHT AND HEAT."
Sealed the 29th October 1867, and dated the 4th May 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Brash and William
Young at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 4th May 1867.
We, PETER BRASH, of Leith, in the County of Mid Lothian, Soap, Candle,
and Oil, Manufacturer, and WILLIAM YOUNG, Manager of the Oil Works,
Straiton, in the same County, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS AND APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE BURNING
OF PETROLEUM, PARAFFIN OIL, OR OTHER HYDROCARBON FLUIDS FOR OBTAINING
LIGHT AND HEAT," to be as follows:-
The inconveniences of the present system of oil lighting are well known.
Consumers generally purchase the oil in small quantities at a time. The

page_text: mode of keeping it is attended with some feeling of danger. The danger and
the disagreeable effects from accidents with the common lamps are multiplied
by the frequent necessity of their being trimmed. They cannot safely or con-
veniently be removed from place to place, and each lamp in a house requires
separate attention. By this Invention all these inconveniences which tend to
prevent the use of hydrocarbon oils becoming a favorite system of lighting
are remedied and the hydrocarbon oils may be applied to house lighting
almost as conveniently as gas now is, with this advantage, that each house or
establishment can be lighted independently, and also that in small towns and
villages, houses, shops, and streets can be completely lighted where on account
of the necessarily expensive works gas cannot be introduced.
According to this Invention the supply of oil is contained in a cistern or
tank as large as desirable, placed at such part of the house or establishment as
found to be most convenient; from this reservoir the oil is conveyed (in the
manner of gas or water) throughout the house by pipes to the various lamps
or burners. With an elevated position for the cistern the oil is conveyed to
the lamps by its own gravitation, but if this cannot be conveniently applied
the oil can be forced up by pressure of any suitable form and conveyed to the
lamps from a covered cistern below. By the pipe connected with the cistern
the oil reaches the reservoir of the lamp, which has its supply regulated by &
valve at the bottom. The valve is by a rod connected with a float; when
the lamp is lighted and the oil is being consumed the float; falls, the valve
opens the reservoir of the lamp, receives an equivalent supply by the pipe,.
and thus a supply is maintained at the same level in the lamp so long as the
supply lasts in the cistern. When the light is extinguished the oil in the
lamp rises, lifting the float which closes the valve and stops the supply. A
small stop-cock, as applied to the ordinary water cisterns, may be used in
place of the float and valve, but we give preference to the float and valve
arrangement.
According to another part of our Invention the lamps have their burners
supplied with double wick holders placed so that a current of air is admitted
Letween and around them. The dome or cap is provided with only one
orifice through which. the flames from both wicks have to pass, causing them
to play against each other, thereby forming one flame, which has the effect
of producing a complete combustion with more light than were the two flames
kept separate. The supply of air is further admitted round the outside
of the dome, by a sluice or grating placed on the gallery for holding the
shade, and by opening, more or less, the passages through this sluice or

page_text: grating the air passage is widened or narrowed according to the size of the
flame desired.
The lamps can be fixed on brackets to the wall, or hung from the ceiling;
they can have their light cast downwards by modifying the burners to the
horizontal position and making the vent from the shade on the upper side.
When two lights or more are used one reservoir with float and valve is
sufficient, by placing it in the centre and conveying the oil by suitable tubes-
to the burners.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Peter Brash and William Young in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 4th November 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, PETER
BRASH, of Leith, in the County of. Mid Lothian, Soap, Candle, and Oil
Manufacturer, and WILLIAM YOUNG, Manager of the Oil Works, Straiton,
in the same County, send greeting.
.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,.
the said Peter Brash and William Young, Her special licence that we; the
said Peter Brash and William Young, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Peter Brash and William Young,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for:" IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS AND:
APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE BURNING OF PETROLEUM, PARAFFIN OIL, AND.
OTHER HYDROCARBON FLUIDS: FOR OBTAINING LIGHT AND. HEAT," upon the condition:
(amongst others.) that we, the said Peter Brash and William Young, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our or their.
hands and seals, or under the hands and seals of one of us or them, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and'.in
what manner the same: was to be performed, and cause the same to be.
filed in the Great Seal, Patent Office within six calender months next and.
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Peter Brash and William Young, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say:—
. The inconveniences of the present system of oil lighting are well known.
Consumers generally purchase the oil in small quantities at a time. The
mode of keeping it is attended with some feeling of danger. The danger and
the disagreeable effects from accidents with the common lamps are multipliied
by the frequent necessity of their being trimmed. They cannot safely or con-
veniently be removed from place to place, and each lamp in a house requires
separate attention. By this Invention all these inconveniences which tend to
prevent the use of hydrocarbon oils becoming a favourite system of lighting are
remedied and the hydrocarbon oils may be applied to house lighting almost as
conveniently as gas now is, with this advantage, that each house or establish-
ment can be lighted independently, and also that small towns and villages,"
houses, shops, and streets can be completely lighted, where on account of the
necessarily expensive works gas cannot be introduced.
According to this Invention the supply of oil is contained in a cistern or
tank as large as desirable placed at such part of the house or establishment as
found to be most convenient. From this reservoir the oil is conveyed (in the
manner of gas or water) throughout the house by pipes to the various lamps or
burners. With an elevated position for the cistern the oil is conveyed to the
lamps by its own gravitation, but if this cannot be conveniently applied the oil
can be forced up by pressure of any suitable form and conveyed to the lamps
from a covered cistern below: By the pipe connected with the cistern the oil.
reaches the reservoir of the lamp, which has its supply regulated by a valve at
the bottom. The valve is by a rod connected with a float. When the lamp
is lighted and the oil is being consumed the float falls, the valve opens the
reservoir of the lamp, receives an equivalent. supply by the pipe, and thus a
supply is maintained at the same level in the lamp so long as the supply lasts.
in the cistern. When the light is extinguished the oil in the lamp rises,
lifting the float which closes the valve and stops the supply. A small stop-
cock as applied to the ordinary water cisterns may be used in place of the
float and valve, but we give preference to the float and valve arrangement..
According to another part of our Invention the lamps have their burners
supplied with double wick holders placed so that a current of air is admitted
between and around them. The dome or cap is provided with only one
orifice through which the flames from both wicks have to pass, causing them

page_text: to play against each other, thereby forming one flame, which has the effect of
producing a complete combustion with more light than where the two flames
are kept separate. The supply of air is further admitted round the outside of
the dome by a sluice or grating placed on the gallery for holding the shade;
and by opening more or less the passages through this sluice or grating the
air passage is widened or narrowed according to the size of the flame desired.
The lamps can be fixed on brackets to the wall or hung from the ceiling.
They can have their light cast downwards by modifying the burners to the
horizontal position, and making the vent from the shade on the upper side.
When two lights or more are used one reservoir with float and valve is
sufficient by placing it in the centre and conveying the oil by suitable tubes
to the burners.
'
And in order that our Invention may be most fully understood and readily:
carried into effect, we will proceed to describe the Drawings hereuuto
annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a section of lamp. A is the reservoir; B, the tube by which the
oil is supplied; the burner. The supply of oil is regulated by the valve D,
connected by means of the rod E to float F. The burner C may be supplied
with double wick holders G, G, placed so that a current of air is admitted
between and around them. H, the dome or cap provided with only one orifice
I through which the flames from both wicks have to pass.
Figure 2 is a plan of the lamp. K is the sluice or grating placed on the
gallery L.
Figure 3 is a section of a lamp so arranged as to cast the light downwards
by means of placing the burner B in a horizontal position, and making the
outlet from the shade C on the upper side.
Figure 4 is a full elevation of lamp fixed on bracket..
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is carried into effect, we would
observe that what we consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as
the Invention secured to us by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is,
First, the supplying to dwelling houses, establishments, or works, and public
5 lamps paraffin oil or other bydrocarbon liquids by pipes in the same manner
as gas is supplied with or without the use of the common stop cocks as herein
described.

page_text: Second, the arrangement of the float and valve as a means of self-regulating
the constant supply of oil in the lamp.
Third, the burner with double wick having the flames playing against each
other as above described.
Fourth, the construction of a lamp by which the light is projected into the
horizontal position as shewn in the pilan.
In witness whereof, we, the said Peter Brash and William Young, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Second day of November, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.