Apparatus for the Purpose.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Feb., 1887
Complete Left, 23rd Nov., 1887
Complete Accepted, 23rd Dec., 188"
Apparatus for the Purpose.
I HENRY GARDNER of 166 Fleet Street, City of London, Patent Agent do hereby
declare the nature of this invention which has been communicated to me from abroad
by Robert Jesse Henderson of Oswego, New York, United States of America, Engineer
to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to reduce metallic ores in a special manner and
obtain a metal free from carbon in a graphite state such as is found in pig iron,
and to be able to produce at first casting a malleable metal capable of being rolled or
hammered.
The principal features of this invention are.
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1st. The employment of a blast furnace with two tiers or stages of "tuyeres
one above the other, the higher one for the entrance of pure oxide of carbon gas
at a very high temperature-the lower one for the entrance of a mixture of pure
oxide of carbon and air, or air mixed with pure oxygen gas, or pure oxygen gas
alone, all at a very high temperature.
2nd. The employment of a mixture of gases having the following proportions of
carbonic acid and pure oxide of carbon
Co
CO
=
0.70.
All solid combustible fuel is dispensed with, and by the use of pure oxide of
carbon a mild carburetted metal is produced. The carbon of the oxide of carbon
will combine with the metal in a state of vapour and the metal will thus be produced
in the condition of steel.
The metallic ore is first reduced by oxide of carbon and then the metal is
melted by combustion of the pure oxide of carbon mixed with air, or air enriched
with pure oxygen gas or pure oxygen gas alone all at a high temperature.
The apparatus for carrying out this process is a kind of blast furnace at the lower
part of which is arranged two tiers or stages of tuyeres."
Into the upper stage or tier of "tuyeres" the pure oxide of carbon is introduced at
a high temperature, this oxide of carbon reduces the ore.

page_text: Into the lower stage or tier pure oxide of carbon with air or air enriched with pure
oxygen gas or pure oxygen gas alone is introduced also at a high temperature―thiese
gases produce a temperature sufficiently high to melt steel.
In this latter operation, a gaseous mixture of azote and carbonic acid will
be produced, this latter gas if in large quantity would spoil the reduction in the
upper parts of the apparatus but to obviate this inconvenience it is necessary to
use an excess of pure oxide of carbon in the upper tier so that the gaseous current
in the lower parts of the apparatus will be in the following proportions in weight
= 0.7.
c o²
CO
It has been proved that a gaseous mixture in those proportions is sufficient
effectually to reduce the peroxide of iron.
Under these conditions oxide of carbon may appear to be subject to waste, such
is not the case because it is easy to draw off the gases which may escape at the
upper part of the blast furnace and to heat them for heating the boilers which produce
the steam for the blast engines.

page_text: дореста месной от щадитаси
Apparatus for the Purpose.
I, HENRY GARDNER, of 166 Fleet Street, City of London, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention, which has been communicated to me
from abroad by Robert Jesse Henderson, of Oswego, New York, United States
of America, Engineer, and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of this invention is to reduce metallic ores in a special manner and
obtain a metal free from carbon in a graphite state such as is found in pig iron,
and to be able to produce at first casting a malleable metal capable of being rolled or
hammered.
All solid combustible fuel is dispensed with and by the use of pure oxide of
carbon, a mild carburetted metal is produced. The carbon of the oxide of carbon will
combine with the metal in a state of vapour and the metal will thus be produced in
the condition of steel.
The metallic ore is first reduced by oxide of carbon and then the metal is melted by
combustion of the pure oxide of carbon nixed with air, or air enriched with oxygen
gas, or oxygen gas alone, all at a high temperature.
The apparatus for carrying out this process, is a kind of blast furnace A, as
indicated in the annexed drawing, at the lower part of which, is arranged two tiers,
or stages of tuyeres B, C. Into the upper stage, or tier of tuyeres B, the pure oxide
of carbon is introduced at a high temperature, this oxide of carbon reduces the ore.
Into the lower stage or tier C, oxide of carbon is introduced by the pipe D with air
by the pipe E, or air enriched with oxygen gas, or oxygen gas alone, also at a high
temperature, these gases produce temperature sufficiently high to melt steel.
In this latter operation, a gaseous mixture of azote and carbonic acid will be
produced this latter gas if in a large quantity would spoil the reduction in the upper
parts of the apparatus but to obviate this inconvenience it is necessary to use
an excess of pure oxide of carbon in the upper tier, so that the gaseous current
in the lower parts of the apparatus will be in the following proportions: in weight
CO²
= 0.7.
CO
It has been proved that a gaseous mixture in these proportions is sufficient
effectually to reduce the peroxide of iron. Under these conditions, oxide of carbon
may appear to be subject to waste, such is not the case because it is easy to draw
off the gases which may escape at the upper part of the blast furnace and to heat
them for heating the boilers which produce the steam for the blast engines.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
First. The employment of a blast furnace with two tiers or stages of tuyeres one
above the other, the higher one for the entrance of pure oxide of carbon gas at a
very high temperature, the lower one for the entrance of a mixture of pure oxide of

page_text: carbon and air, or air mixed with oxygen gas or oxygen gas alone, all at a very high
temperature as and for the purpose explained.
Secondly. The employment of pure oxide of carbon at a high temperature as and
for the purpose described.
Thirdly. Employment of air enriched with oxygen gas, or oxygen gas alone at a
high temperature as and for the purpose herein referred to.
Fourthly. The employment of a mixture of gases having the following proportions
of carbonic acid and pure oxide of carbon =0.70 for the purpose set forth.
со
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