Improvements in and in Machinery or Apparatus for Sizing and Polishing Yarns or Threads Formed of Cotton, Wool, Silk, Flax, Jute, and other Fibrous Materials.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Aug., 1892-Accepted, 5th Nov., 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and in Machinery or Apparatus for Sizing and
Polishing Yarns or Threads Formed of Cotton, Wool, Silk, Flax,
Jute, and other Fibrous Materials.
I, BENJAMIN MAYOH formerly of 5 Richardson Street, Rochdale Road,
Manchester in the County of Lancaster, now of Mount Pleasant, Wilmslow in
the County of Chester, Machinist do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :--
My invention relates to sizing and polishing yarns or threads formed of cotton,
wool, silk, flax, jute, and other fibrous materials, and consists in improvements in
the process of sizing and polishing yarns or threads and in the machinery or
apparatus to be employed in such process, by which I am enabled to size and
polish yarns or threads without forming them into hanks, and to render the
yarus or threads sized and polished more soft and pliable than polished yarns
or threads have hitherto been, and also render the operation of sizing and
polishing more rapid and expeditious.
The first part of my invention consists in an improvement in the process of
sizing and polishing yarns or threads, and consists in unwinding the yarns or
threads from bobbins, spools or tubes or cops, pirns or cheeses, beams or other
forms upon or into which they may have been previously wound, passing cach
yarn or thread independently and separately from the others through size or
other suitable material, and subjecting it for any suitable number of times to the
action of brushes, beaters or lags or metal or other rods or other suitable
appliances, which are mounted upon the circumference or circumferences of a
drum or cylinder or dises mounted upon a shaft, and caused to revolve so that
friction may be exerted upon such yarn or thread, and conducting such yarn or
thread to any suitable appliances or apparatus by means of which it may be
wound upon a bobbin of any suitable size and form or into a cop or pirn or
any other suitable form. In order that this part of my invention may be fully
understood and carried into effect, I will further describe it in reference to the
accompanying drawings, which are primarily intended to illustrate a subsequent
part of my invention. The bobbins, spools or tubes or cops or pirns or cheeses or
beams or other forms upon or into which the yarns or threads to be operated upon
have been previously wound, are not indicated in the accompanying drawings, but
it is obvious that they may be placed in any convenient position in relation to the
machine by means of which the improvement in which this part of my invention
consists is carried into effect, and which machine is illustrated in front view in
Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings, and in side view in Fig. 2 of such drawings.
From the said bobbins, spools, or tubes or cops or pirns or cheeses or beams or
other forms upon or into which the yarns or threads have been previously wound,
each yarn or thread is passed around a roller (a) which at its lower portion dips
into size or other suitable material which may be required to be applied to the
yarn or thread in order that it may be sized and polished. After being passed
around the roller (a), each yarn or thread is passed over a roller (6) which is
caused to revolve, then under a roller (c), and is afterwards again passed over the
roller (c) and under the roller (6) for any suitable number of times, so that it
passes around the rollers (b) and (c) in a spiral direction. On finally leaving the
roller (), each yarn or thread is passed to suitable mechanism by which it is
caused to be wound upon a bobbin of any suitable size and form, or into a cop or
pirn or any other suitable form. In order that the yarns or threads which are
passed around the rollers (b) and (c) may not become entangled with one another,

page_text: a guide or comb (d) having projecting teeth between which the said yarns or
threads are passed, is employed to guide such yarns or threads in their passage
around the rollers (b) and (c). While the said yarns or threads are passing around
the rollers () and (c), such yarns or threads are subjected to friction by means of
brushes, beaters, or lags or metal or other rods or other suitable appliances, which
are mounted upon the circumference or circumferences of a drum or cylinder or
discs mounted upon a shaft, which is caused to revolve. The yarns or threads
being operated upon are preferably passed so often around the rollers (b) and (c)
that they are subjected to friction to such an extent that when they finally leave
the, roller (b) to pass to the apparatus by which they are to be wound upon bobbins
or into cops or pirns or other suitable forms, they will be fully dried as well as
polished, and when this is the case, yarns or threads treated by the process above
described are, in consequence of being fully dried before the polishing is completed,
much softer than yarns or threads polished by the processes hitherto in use.
The
improved process in which this part of my invention consists not requiring the
yarns or threads which are to be sized and polished to be wound into hanks, and to
be again wound from the banks on to bobbins or into cops or pirns or other suitable
forms by a subsequent operation, enables yarns or threads to be polished more
cheaply and efficiently than in the processes in which the yarns or threads, before.
being polished, are wound into hanks and kept in that form while being polished,"
and since only one drum or cylinder or pair or set of discs mounted upon a shaft.
and carrying brushes, beaters or lags or metal or other rods or other suitable
appliances caused to act for a number of times upon each yarn or thread to be
polished is employed in carrying the improved process in which this part of my
invention consists into effect, such improved process requires less space for its
application than the processes hitherto in operation, in which each yarn or thread
being operated upon is operated upon only once by each of a number of rollers or
cylinders, brushes or other appliances on their circumferences.
A further part of my invention consists in arrangements of machinery or
apparatus by means of which the process above described may be very readily
carried into effect. According to this part of my invention, I provide a trough to
contain size or other suitable material and provided with a roller or rollers or other
means by which the yarns or threads being sized or polished may be caused to pass
from the bobbins, spools or tubes or cops, pirns or cheeses or beams or other forms
upon or in which they may have been previously wound, through the size or other
material, and be prevented from carrying away too much size or other material.
From the said trough the yarns or threads being operated upon arepassed to and
around rollers which are caused to revolve at a suitable speed and around which
rollers each yarn or thread is passed as many times as may be necessary.
While
passing around the said rollers, the yarns or threads are subjected to the action of
suitable brushes, lags, steel or other rods, or other suitable rubbing surfaces, or
materials mounted upon or forming a drum caused to rotate at a suitable speed.
In order to guide each yarn or thread while passing around the rollers above
mentioned, I form circumferential grooves in one or both of such rollers, or provide
a guide roller or guide rollers formed with circumferential grooves, or employ any
other guiding appliance. After being subjected as much as need be to the action
of the brushes, lags, steel or other rods, or other suitable rubbing surfaces or
materials aforesaid, by being passed around the rollers above mentioned as many
times as may be necessary, the yarns or threads are conducted to any suitable
arrangements of winding spindles or drums or other appliances with which I provide
the machine or apparatus constructed according to this part of my invention, and
by means of which the yarns or threads are wound upon bobbins or tubes or into
cops or pirns or cheeses or other forms which may be desirable. I also provide
the machine constructed according to this part of my invention with any suitable
arrangement of traverse mechanism, which, acting in conjunction with the spindles
or winding drums or other appliances aforesaid, causes the polished yarns or
threads to be wound upon or formed into bobbins, spools, tubes or cops, pirns or

page_text: cheeses of any suitable form. This part of my invention is illustrated in the
accompanying drawings, in which
Fig. 1 is a front view, Figs. 2 and 3 side views of a machine constructed
according to this part of my invention, and Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section showing
portions of such machine which cannot conveniently be indicated in Figs. 1, 2
and 3. Fig. 3 is chiefly intended to indicate the manner in which the driving of the
several rollers is accomplished. (e) is the trough to contain the size or other material
to be applied to the yarns or threads to be polished, and such trough (e) is secured
to one of the side frames (f) (f) of the machine. To the side frames (f) (f) of
the machine are secured brackets (4), in which is mounted a shaft (a), upon which
is mounted a roller (a), the lower part of which dips into the size or other material
contained in the trough (e). Resting upon the roller (a), or upon the yarns or
threads passed around the roller (a), is a roller (h), which is supported by brackets
secured to the trough (e). (/) is a shaft mounted in bearings formed in the side
frames (f) of the machine, and provided with a fast pulley by means of which it
may receive motion, and also with a loose pulley mounted upon it, which pulleys
are, for convenience, omitted in the accompanying drawings. Upon the shaft (j)
are mounted discs (k), to the circumferences of which are secured brushes (m) and
lags (n) extending in a direction parallel to the axis of the shaft (). The
brushes (m) and lags (a) are fully indicated at one portion of the circumference of
the discs (k) in Fig. 4, but in Figs. 2 and 3 as well as in the remaining portion of
Fig. 4, the said brushes m and Tags n are only indicated by dotted lines. Upon
projecting portions of the side frames of the machine, are mounted brackets o,
which are capable of being slidden in the direction indicated by the arrow A, or
in the opposite direction upon the projecting portions, and secured in any
required position thereon. In the brackets o are mounted the projecting ends of
the axle of a roller c, upon one end of which axle is, mounted a bevel wheel c¹,
into the teeth of which gear or engage the teeth of a bevel wheel p, which is
secured upon a sleeve or collar p', which is capable of being revolved in a bearing
formed in a part mounted upon the axle of the roller c, so as to be supported
thereby. The sleeve or collar pl is prevented from being moved longitudinally in
the bearing g by means of collars formed or secured upon such sleeve or collar pl.
Into a hole formed through the sleeve or collar p¹, passes one end of a shaft r,
which, near its other end, is supported by a bearings secured to the adjacent side
frame, and has secured upon it a bevel wheel t, the teeth of which gear into or
engage with the teeth of a bevel wheel u mounted fast upon the shaft j. The
shaft is provided with a key or groove to act in conjunction with a groove or key
formed or secured in the inner surface of the collar or sleeve p', so that the bevel
wheel cl may be moved further from or nearer to the bevel wheel u, for a purpose
to be hereinafter mentioned, without any interference with the driving of the
roller c. is a roller the axle of which is mounted so as to be capable of being
revolved in brackets v capable of being moved in the direction indicated by the
arrow A, or in the opposite direction, and secured in any required position upon
brackets or projecting parts 2. Upon the axle of the roller is secured a pulley w,
around which passes a band x, which passes around a pulley y secured upon the
axle a of the roller a. Upon the shaft is secured a pulley or chain wheel z,
around which passes a band or chain ', which also passes around a pulley 2 secured
upon a shaft 3 mounted in bearings formed in the side frames of the machine.
4 are spindles which are supported in suitable bearings formed in or secured to
a cross frame secured at its ends to the side frames of the machine. Each of the
spindles 4 is provided at its lower end with a bevel wheel 5, the teeth of which
gear or engage with those of a corresponding bevel wheel 6 secured upon the
shaft 3. Although there are as many bevel wheels 5 and 6 secured upon the shaft
as there are spindles 4 provided in the machine, only one of such pairs of bevel
wheels is shown in Fig. 1. The bobbins 7, which are mounted
the
upon
spindles 4, are arranged so as to be driven by friction upon the spindles 4,
so that the speed of the rotation of the bobbins is determined by the speed
r

page_text: at which the yarns or threads which have been sized and polished in the
machine are supplied to them. Upon the shaft jis secured a worm 8, which
engages with a worm wheel 9, mounted fast upon a shaft 10 supported in bearings
secured to one of the side frames of the machine. Upon the shaft 10 is secured a
worm 11, which engages with a worm wheel 12 mounted fast upon a shaft 13,
which is mounted in bearings formed in brackets secured to the side frames of
the machine. Upon the shaft 13 are secured hearts or cams 14, upon the circum-
ferences of which rest bowls or rollers 15 mounted in the lower ends of rods 16,
capable of being slidden upwards and downwards in guides secured to the side frames f
Upon the rods 16 are secured brackets supporting a bar which carries bowls 17 17,
by which the yarns or threads which have been polished are guided to the bobbins
from the roller b. d is a comb or bar provided with projecting teeth which serve
to guide the yarns or threads being operated upon while they are passing around
the rollers b. c. The projecting teeth of the comb or bar dare, in Fig. 1, only
indicated by a dotted line. Having thus described the construction of a machine
arranged according to this part of my invention, I will now describe the manner in
which it is used. Each of the yarns or threads to be sized and polished is passed
from the bobbin, spool, or tube, or cop or pirn or cheese or beam or other form
upon or in which it may have been previously wound, under the roller a, so as to
be carried beneath the surface of the size or other material contained in the
trough e, and then between the roller a and the roller h, so as to be prevented from
carrying away too much size or other material, and is then passed between two of
the teeth of the bar or comb d, then as many times over the roller under the
roller, and through the spaces between adjacent teeth of the bar or comb d, as
may be necessary, and is then conducted from the roller bover one of the pulleys 17,
and over one of the pulleys 17", and then to the bobbin 7, upon which it is to be
wound. The manner in which the yarns or threads are conducted around the
various rollers, is clearly indicated by the lines B in Figs. 1, 2, and 4. The shaft j
being caused to revolve, the brushes m and lags n are caused to subject the yarns
or threads to friction, and the roller c being revolved by the action of the bevel
wheels u, t, p and e', the yarns or threads being operated upon are caused to be
unwound from the bobbins, spools or tubes or cops or pirns or cheeses or beams, or
other forms upon or into which they may have been wound, and to be supplied to
the bobbins 7 upon which they are to be wound. The roller acting upon the
yarns or threads, causes the roller to revolve, and the revolution of the roller b
causes, by means of the band or chain, the revolution of the roller a.
revolution of the shaft, acting by means of the worm 8, worm wheel shaft 10,
worm 11, worn wheel shaft 13, cams 14, bowls 15, rods and brackets, causes the
bar and the rollers 17 mounted upon it to be raised and lowered, so that the
polished yarns or threads are guided in the required manner on to the bobbins upon
which they are to be wound. During the time that they are being passed around
the rollers & c, the yarns or threads are subjected to friction by the brushes m
and lags n mounted upon the discs k, and the result of such friction is first to
smooth down projecting fibres upon the yarns or threads, and then to gradually
polish and dry the said yarns or threads, so that when they pass from the roller b
to the rollers 17, such yarns or threads are dried and fully polished. The number
of times the yarns or threads being operated upon are passed around the rollers,
will depend upon the nature of such yarns or threads, and the effect to be
produced thereon, and the speed of revolution of the shaft j, but it is obvious
that the more frequently the yarns or threads pass around the rollers & c
the greater will be the polishing effect produced. If the diameter of the circle
formed by the brushes and lags be twenty-seven inches, the shaft may con-
veniently be caused to revolve two hundred and fifty revolutions per minute,
and the yarns or threads may be passed around the rollers at a speed of about
thirty two feet per minute. By the brackets & being moved in the direction
indicated by the arrows A A, or in the opposite direction, the intensity of the
contact between the yarns or threads being operated upon, and the brushes and
C
The

page_text: lags, may be adjusted as may be desirable. Instead of the lags, round metal rods
or other suitable rubbing surfaces or materials may be employed, and instead of
the yarns or threads being wound upon bobbins, such yarns or threads may be.
wound by means of spindles or drums or other appliances upon tubes or into cops
or pirns or cheeses or other forms as may be desirable.
Machines constructed according to this part of my invention are less costly and
occupy much less space than the machines hitherto in use which will perform the
same work.
When a machine constructed according to this part of my invention is employed
to polish very hard yarn, such as hemp yarn, brushes are only applied at the end of
the cylinder, formed of lags and brushes, and lags only, or lags and metal rods or
other appliances are provided in the remainder of the said cylinder.
of
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is : :-
1. The hereinbefore described improvement in the process of sizing and polishing
yarns or threads, which consists in unwinding the yarns or threads from bobbins,
spools or cops, or pirns or cheeses or beams or other forms, upon or into which it
may have previously been wound, passing each yarn or thread separately from the
others through size or other material, and subjecting it for any suitable number of
times to the action of brushes, beaters or lags, or metal or other rods, or other like
appliances, mounted upon the circumference or circunferences of a drum or cylinder,
or dises mounted upon a shaft, and caused to revolve so that friction may be
exerted upon such yarn or thread, and conducting such yarn or thread to any
suitable appliances or apparatus by means of which it may be wound upon a
bobbin of any suitable size and form, or into a cop or pirn, or any other suitable
form substantially as herein before described.
2. The hereinbefore described machine or apparatus for sizing and polishing
yarns or threads, which is provided with a trough to contain size or other material
to be applied to the yarns or threads which are to be sized and polished, with
rollers around which the said yarns or threads are passed in a spiral direction for
the requisite number of times, with brushes and lags, or steel or other rods or other
suitable rubbing surfaces or materials mounted upon or forming a drum, and caused
to rotate at a suitable speed and act upon the yarns or threads while they are being
passed around the rollers aforesaid, and with appliances for winding the yarns or
threads which have been sized and polished upon or into bobbins, spools, tubes or
cops, pirns, or cheeses, of any suitable form, all arranged, employed, and operating
substantially in the manner hereinbefore described in reference to and illustrated
in and by the accompanying drawings.
Dated this Twenty-fourth day of August 1892.