CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LAMPS EMPLOYED FOR ILLUMINATING PURPOSES
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Lewtas, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF LAMPS EMPLOYED FOR ILLUMINATING PURPOSES.”
"
CONSTRUCTION OF LAMPS EMPLOYED FOR ILLUMINATING PURPOSES.'
Sealed the 22nd September 1871, and dated the 24th July 1871.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said John Lewtas at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Declaration,
on the 24th July 1871, pursuant to the 9th Section of the Patent
Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
LEWTAS, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LAMPS EMPLOYED FOR ILLUMINATING PURPOSES,"
and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and
have made solemn Declaration that I am the first and true Inventor
thereof.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Lewtas, do hereby declare
that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and seal, fully

page_text: 'describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, in and by the following statement
and accompanying Drawings, that is to say :-
My Invention is designed for the purpose of constructing a lamp that
will burn through the medium of a wick heavy or light oils, or a
mixture of oil and spirit, or spirit alone, and if desired ordinary gas
from a burner, the principal object of the Invention being the production
of a lamp that will be simple of construction and economical in its
illuminating properties.
The improvements consist in constructing a lamp with a mixing or
combustion chamber in which caloric is accumulated immediately above
the burner in a position where the wick or burner is ignited, and below
a diaphragm globe, through and into which the flame is brilliantly
emitted; the said caloric when commingling with the combustible gases
of the oil emitted from the wick passes through a slot formed in the
base of a globe or funnel, the said base of the funnel forming a
diaphragm is placed immediately above the caloric chamber in a position
that will admit of the slot, whether straight or curved, to be lineable with
the burning wick or burner; this said diaphragm or base of the funnel is
placed in a position a little above the burning wick, so that the com-
mingly of the gases generating caloric in the chamber where ignition
takes place causes the flame passing through the slot in the base or
diaphragm of the globe to become decarbonized, which intensifics the
illuminating properties thereof, enabling thereby heavy oils of low
specific gravity to emit a flame of great brilliancy and perfectly safe and
free from explosion.
In order that the Invention may be better understood and explained
in detail I have hereunto attached a Sheet of Drawing made upon a
scale of about full size, and in which Fig. 1 represents a vertical section
of the lamp, and Fig. 2 represents the base or lower portion of the upper
globe through which the flame passes from the burning wick; these
views represent as an example one class of lamp employed for domestic
purposes, but it is evident that the parts of construction in these lamps
employed for effecting illumination may be adapted to all classes of
lamps, whether for domestic or other purposes.
In the Figures 1 and 2 forming illustration for the subject of the
present description, a, a, is the chamber or vessel containing the oil or
other liquor employed to feed the flame; 6 is the wick forming the

page_text: medium for conveying by capillary attraction the fluid to the upper
opening or orifice c of the lamp, the space d immediately above this
orifice is encircled by perforated wire glass or other material that forms
a stand for supporting just above the ignited flame a slotted glass or
diaphragm e forming a division between the lamp proper and the upper
funnel or globe g, of which the slotted diaphragm e forms the base;
the space between the burner and the diaphragm forms a mixing
or combustion chamber generating caloric, which when passing with
the flame through the slot of the diaphragm into the upper globe g,
decarbonizes the properties of the flame evolved from oils of low specific
gravity, and produces a flame in the globe g of brilliant illuminating
properties; the admission of air into the mixing or caloric chamber may
be regulated by reducing or extending the orifices through which the air
passes.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, together with
the method of carrying the same into practical effect, I would wish it to
be clearly understood in conclusion that I do not wish to confine myself
to the precise details herein-before set forth and described, but what I
wish it to be understood as the claim is, the novel and peculiar employ-
ment and adaptation to lamps of a globe or funnel, the base of which is
closed in with the exception of a slot or opening, which is supported at a
little distance above the orifice or opening where the flame is emitted
from the lamp, the intervening space between the lamp and the supported
slot or opening of the globe or funnel forming a chamber where caloric
is formed and passed with the flame into the upper chamber or globe,
producing thereby a light of great brilliancy, as herein-before described,
set forth, and fully illustrated in the Drawings attached.
In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal, the
Twenty-second day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-one.
Witness,
THOMAS WRIGLEY.
JOHN LEWTAS. (L.S.)