Improvements in Type Writing Machines.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Apr., 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Type Writing Machines.
I, GEORGE KERR ANDERSON, of No. 216, Adams Street, in the City of Brooklyn,
County of Kings and State of New York, U.S.A., Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of my invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to typewriting machines and more particularly to that class
in which the characters are printed transversely across a continuous strip of paper
and is designed primarily for shorthand work, though capable of being used for
other purposes.
The object of my invention is to provide an efficient device of simple construction
and operation adapted to rapidly recording speech in the ordinary letters and
characters of the alphabet and without resort to any code of cipher combinations,
so that the work may be legible to any one without previous study. In furtherance
of this object I have provided improved means for feeding the paper and ink-
ribbon through the machine in operation thereof; an improved arrangement of the
printing characters in groups and otherwise, with reference to each other and with
reference to the key-bars; improvements in hanging and shifting groups of print-
ing characters in machines of this nature; an improved arrangement of the key-
buttons and of the letters thereon; and various minor improvements which are
fully disclosed in the following specification.
The base frame is provided with the upwardly directed side-plates and with
curved or segmental plates, in which are transverse slots through which the key-
bars for the printing keys pass and by which they are held in proper alignment.
These printing bars, preferably sixteen in number, are pivotally connected with a
curved rod which preferably passes through all of the bars, and under each of the
bars is a spiral spring which operates to force the key end of said bars upwardly
and cause the rear or printing ends thereof to rest on the frame or a suitable pad
provided for them. The rear ends of these printing key-bars are flattened so as
to present a flat surface to the face of the type, and these flattened ends are sub-
stantially in a straight line and at equal distances apart, each bar being located
directly beneath one of the type or rows of type segments or frames, so that by
revolving the segments on its shaft, any one of the letters in the line above the
bar may be brought into position for printing as hereinafter described.
At each side of the curved plate are raised elongations similarly provided with
slots for the shift keys. As the rear ends of these shift keys are always more
elevated than the ends of the printing keys, the surfaces of the elongations are
correspondingly higher than the plate and preferably both plate and elongations
are provided with curved flanges through which the slots pass, to form additional
guides for the keys, and are all cast in one solid piece with the base frame; though
it will be understood that both plate and blocks might be dispensed with and each
key bar held in an independant holder or fastened in any other suitable manner
without departing from the spirit of this invention. It is important however that
the pivotal points of the shift keys be on a higher plane than the pivotal points
of the printing keys, for if the shift keys are curved upward at the ends where they

page_text: .
strike the arms of the type-segments' a slight side-play of the key in its slot will
vary the movement it gives to the type-segment and thus throw the letters out of
line.
The arrangement of the key-buttons of the printing keys and of the shift-keys,
permits all the keys to be operated conveniently at the same time without changing
the position of the hands above the keyboard, and this is an important feature of
my invention. The keys on the left of the machine would be operated by the left
hand and those on the right by the right hand. It will be observed that this
arrangement of the keyboard is adapted to the natural movements of the hand.
The palm of the hand could not well be shifted from one key to another, and is
therefore assigned but one. The little finger does not shift easily, and is there-
fore given but one key; the thumb moves from side to side more readily than back
and forth, and its keys are therefore placed side by side; the other three fingers
move back and forth more readily than from side to side, and the keys for them are
located accordingly, each pair of keys impinging (but not coming in actual con-
tact) so that both may be simultaneously depressed by putting the finger where
they come almost together.
In lettering the six pairs of finger keys the line of key-buttons furthest from the
operator have the letters or characters on the left-hand side of each key, while on
the lower line of keys, the letters or characters are on the right hand side of each
key. The key bar connected with each key on the lower line is to the right of,
or following, each key on the upper line, and this arrangement of letters on the
left of the upper key-buttons and the right of the lower key-buttons is for the
purpose of indicating to the eye of the operator that each key on the nearer (or
lower) line prints to the right of each corresponding key just beyond (or above) it.
The shaft on which the type segments or type frames are mounted passes loosely
through the uprights at each side of the machine, or preferably through sleeves
in said upright pieces, and on the left hand side of the machine, the shaft is bent
to form a finger-piece, while a coiled spring causes this bent end of the shaft to
bear ordinarily against a stop-pin unless it is moved in the operation of the shift
keys or is pressed down by the finger against a similar stop-pin beneath it. Two
of the type frames are revolubly mounted on the shaft, while the center type frame
is attached to the shaft by a set screw and moves with it. When at rest, the type
frames are held against a long stop-pin by the operation of coiled springs.
The center type frame being secured to the shaft is held in its normal position
by a coiled spring which causes the finger piece to bear upwardly against a stop-
pin, and if the machine is built accurately, will also cause the center type frame to
bear against the common stop rod, though this is not necessary. When the three
type frames are in their normal position against the stop rod, the characters on
the first line of the three type frames would be directly above the flat ends of the
printing key-bars, sixteen in number, one letter facing each bar, so that, if the
machine were supplied with paper and ribbon and the sixteen printing keys were
struck simultaneously, the following letters would be printed across the strip of
paper:
STDWCHREAWVRNDST.
These letters appear as the first characters in each line or column on the key-
buttons of respective printing keys. To print the letters appearing above them in
the various columns, one or more of the shift keys are used. When the shift key,
operated by the little finger of the left hand is struck, the outer end travels
upwardly until it reaches the shaft (or its sleeve) which acts as a stop, and in rising
the shift key bears against the arm of the type frame, raising it also and revolving
the frame until the second longitudinal line of type is brought opposite the flat
ends of printing keys, hence if the sixteen printing keys were struck simultaneously
with the shift key, the following letters would be printed across the strip of paper:

page_text: The letters in the third longitudinal line on type frame are shifted to the print-
ing point by depressing the left hand shift key simultaneously with the printing
keys located beneath and opposite the transverse lines of type on frame or such
of the type frames as the operator wishes to employ; but in this case I use as a
stop the flat piece journalled in the slotted rod which is fastened in the frame of
the machine. This movable stop is hung just above the outer ends of the two
left hand shift keys, and swings freely in its slot so that normally the lower angle
of it will rest against the upper edge of one shift key, but the lower edge of this
piece is formed at such an angle that the rising of the shift key will swing the
stop to the right and away from the other shift key. Just above the shift key
the swinging stop has a notch or recess adapted to receive the shift key and check
its upward movement before it reaches the stop-pin. This notch is so located that
it will stop the shift key as soon as said shift key has raised the arm of the type
frame sufficiently to bring the third longitudinal line of letters to the printing
point; but when both shift keys are struck simultaneously, one shift key swings
the notch of the stop out of the path of the other shift key and allows it to pass on
to the stop rod above, thereby raising the arm of the type frame sufficiently to
bring the fourth longitudinal line of characters to the proper printing point. An
equivalent result might be obtained by hanging the stop so that it would be
normally out of the path of one switch key and would be swung into its path by
the action of the other. A coiled spring causes the arm of the type frame to bear
against the shift keys and thus operates to prevent the type frame from going
any further than said shift keys have raised it when they strike respective stops.
This coiled spring also causes the type frame to return to its normal position
against the stop rod as soon as the shift key is released.
To bring the second line of characters on the right hand type frame to the
proper printing point, a shift key on the right hand side of the machine, is struck,
raising the arm of the type frame until the upward movement of the shift key is
checked by a stop-pin.
The shift key which operates the center type frame, does not come directly into
contact with the frame itself, but operates against a projecting portion of the collar
which, like the center type frame, is secured to the shaft by a set screw or otherwise,
so that when a pressure on the proper shift key turns the collar until the upward
movement of the shift key is checked by its stop-pin, the shaft and the type frame
also revolve until until the second longitudinal line of characters on the central
type frame, namely, OUI, is brought to the proper printing point. A coiled spring
operates the right hand type-frame and a coiled spring also operates the shaft and
thereby the center type frame in a manner similar to the operation of the coiled
spring already described.
To make numerals, the crank end of the shaft is depressed until it reaches a
stop-pin which will bring the numerals on the center type frame to the proper
printing point. The three lines of characters on the central typeframe occupy the
space of four lines, one intermediate line between the letters and numerals being
left blank; and the arm of the right hand type frame curves and passes above the
projecting portion of the collar. Now when the type frames are all in their normal
position resting against the long stop rol the space between the pin projecting in
the collar and arm above said pin, will correspond to the movement required at
this point for shifting one line of type, thus allowing the pin in the collar to be
raised sufficiently to bring the second line of type on the central frame into proper
printing position without disturbing the arm, but if the pin in the collar is
moved any further, it carries the arm of the type frame with it, so that the depres-
sion of the crank or finger piece of the shaft will bring the numerals on both type
frames to the proper printing point.
My object in leaving a blank space on the central type frame equal to one
line and no more (aside from the need of allowing the two rows of letters on the
central and right hand type frames respectively to have room for shifting without
the movement of one frame changing the position of the other) was that the

page_text: arm of the right hand type frame might act as a stop to check the further move-
ment of the central type frame when it had been swung into position for the second
line of letters by means of the shift key: the arm thus supplements the coiled
spring in checking the type frame at the proper printing point for the second line
of letters.
Carrying out the idea of providing supplemental stops to offset the momentum
of the type frames and prevent their flying past the proper printing points, I use
a coiled spring which fits loosely around the shaft, one end resting on the long stop
rod, and the other end extending forward so as to strike the edge of the type frame
as soon as it has been raised upwardly far enough to bring the second line of type
to the proper printing point. Similar devices may be used in connection with the
other type frames.
The slots for the shift keys are all made shallow so that these bars may rest on the
bottoms of their respective slots.
While it is preferable that all the type frames should be attached to or swing
from a common shaft, separate shafts may be employed without departing from the
spirit of this invention.
In a machine of this nature, which is worthless unless it can be manipulated
more rapidly than the ordinary typewriter, the grouping and arrangement of the
printing characters is of the utmost importance, because the speed of the instru-
ment depends very largely upon the smallness of the total number of letters that
can be printed at a single stroke. The object of this invention is to provide means
whereby an ordinary word can be printed in letters legible to any one, at one
stroke or motion of the hands, though for some words two or even more strokes are
required. To attain this object, I first provide three groups of characters; one.
group containing a complete consonant alphabet; another group containing a
vowel alphabet, and a third group containing terminal consonants of frequent
occurrence. I next put each group of characters on a separate type frame, and
arrange them in transverse and longitudinal lines, each transverse line being directly
above the end of a printing key bar, so that as the type frame is moved or swung
around, any letter in a transverse line may be printed by striking the key bar
beneath it; and by this arrangement, one printing key is sufficient for all the
letters in one transverse row. In the same way I cut down the number of shift-
keys needed by placing the letters also in longitudinal rows, as one shift key is
obviously sufficient to shift all the letters in one longitudinal row on one of the
typeframes; and the grouping of the characters in the manner stated and assign-
ing each group to an independent type frame, enables all the letters in a longi-
tudinal line on one of the type frames to be printed in line and simultaneously
with all the letters on any longitudinal line on either of the other type frames.
The letters in the longitudinal lines on the different type frames are arranged
with reference to each other in the order in which they usually occur in spelling
words; thus the first line on the left hand type frame reads:
STDWCHR
which furnishes the combinations ST, SW, SCH, SC, SH, SHR, TW, TH, THR,
DW, DR, WH, WR, CH, CHR, STR, which so frequently occur in words.
The shiftkeys being designed to operate simultaneously with the printing keys,
are fulcrumed so as to give them a much shorter stroke than the latter, the
purpose being to have the type frames shift and come to a stop before the printing
keys reach them.
To feed the strip of paper through the machine, I provide a feeding frame of a
straight piece of steel or other suitable material placed across and above the outer
. ends of the printing key bars and having arms extending to the front part of the
side plates, and pivotally mounted between said side plates and about midway
between the shift keys and the printing keys, on a rod which extends through the
side plates, around which rod is a coiled spring, one end of which passes through

page_text: one of the side plates and the other end of which bears upon the feeding frame
and constantly presses it downward upon the ends of the printing keys. The arms
of the feeding frame are connected near the ends through which the pivot rod passes
by another rod for the purpose of stiffening the frame, being riveted at each end to
the arms of the feeding frame. The feeding frame is also provided at its outer
end with a roller, journalled in the arms of the frame, and which should be of
sufficient diameter to bring its surface a little lower than the edge of the feeding
frame itself, so that as the rear portion of the feeding frame is pressed downward
by the spring as just described, the roller will bear upon the ends of the printing keys.
The roller should be located very close to the edge of the feeding frame so as to
leave only a narrow slot or opening between them, just wide enough to allow the
strip of paper to pass freely through it; in fact a narrow slot or opening made at
this point by any means would be sufficient to make this feeding device effective,
but a roller is preferable because it lessens the friction. Just a little above the
roller and parallel to it, is a flat cross bar, each end of which fits into a vertical slot
in the side plates, and a little to the rear of this flat cross bar is a rod loosely
journalled in the side plates, the central portion of which is bent so as to cause
it to project or it may be left straight and a projection formed by putting on the
rod a piece of rubber or any other suitable substance and this yoke or projection
of the rod by the action of a coiled spring is made to press downwardly against
a cross bar so that if a strip of paper or similar material be passed upwardly between
the two (the projection and the cross bar) it will push them apart, but if drawn
downwardly, it will have a tendency to pull them closer together and by thus wedg-
ing itself in between them, check any further downward movement.
When the machine is ready for use, an ordinary typewriter ribbon of suitable
width, is attached to and wound around the ribbon reels alternately, and in passing
from one to another, runs beneath the pivot rod of the feeding frame, beneath the
type frames and through the guide-wire, attached to the cross bar. The end of
each ribbon reel is provided with a pulley.
A roll of paper, having preferably a wooden core, is mounted on a hollow spindle
which is held in position by a support, this supporting rod having a rectangular
bend at its upper end, so that it may pass loosely through the spindle. The support-
ing rod, at its lower end passes through the frame of the machine, and is held in
an upright position by means of a clamp and thumb-nut. The roll of paper should
fit tightly upon the spindle so that as the paper is drawn forward through the
machine, the spindle will revolve as the roll revolves, and by passing an elastic
belt around the end of the spindle and one of the ribbon reel pulleys, the movement
of the paper, turning the spindle, will produce a corresponding movement in the
ribbon reel and cause the ribbon to wind upon whichever reel the elastic belt con-
nects with, and when all the ribbon has been wound upon one reel, it may be
reversed and caused to wind back upon the other reel by simply changing the elastic
belt.
The operation of the machine is as follows:
The paper is mounted on the spindle and the end of the strip passed through the
paper guide, thence under the ink-ribbon, under the pivot wire of the feeding
frame, also under the roller of said frame and up through the slot or narrowing
opening between this roll and the outer edge of the frame and further up between
the flat cross-bar and the rod, a portion of which presses against the cross-bar in
such a way as to form a clutch and prevent the downward movement of the paper
between the rod and the bar, as already described. When one or more of the print-
ing keys are struck, the flat outer ends of printing bars will rise until they strike
one or more of the type frames and as they rise will force upward the outer end of
the feeding frame, and the strip of paper, being held fast between the roller and the
bar or bars and kept in an upright position by the proximity of the frame is als
forced upward between the yoke of the spring-operated rod and the flat cross-piece,
the upward movement of the paper having a tendency to push the projecting

page_text: portion of the rod away from the cross piece and thus.allow the paper to pass more
easily. When the, fingers are removed from the finger-pieces the flat ends of the
bars drop down to their normal position and the spring on the feeding frame forces
that down also, but as soon as the strip of paper that is between the rod and the
cross-piece, begins to descend, it draws the voke of the rod down more tightly
against the cross-piece and thus the downward movement of the paper is prevented
and roller of the feeding frame still pressing on the strip of paper, causes enough
of it to unwind from the block to allow the feeding frame to descend to its normal
position on the bars, thus presenting a fresh surface for printing upon.
..
In writing, the shift keys and printing keys are struck simultaneously and as
many letters as possible, usually an entire word, unnecessary letters being omitted,
should be printed at one stroke, when the machine will automatically move the
paner to the next line in the manner already stated.
Instead of curved type frames, flat frames, or plates sliding backward and for-
ward, might be used, and in that event the ends of the printing keys would be pro-
vided with small flat caps or projections with a face about the size of a letter on
the type frame.
GEORGE KERR ANDERSON, of No. 216, Adams Street, in the City of Brooklyn,
County of Kings and State of New York, U.S.A., Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to type-writing machines, and more particularly to that
class in which the characters are printed transversely across a continuous strip of
paper, and is designed primarily for short-hand work, though capable of being used
for other purposes.
The object of my invention is to provide an efficient device of simple construction
and operation adapted to rapidly recording speech in the ordinary letters and
characters of the alphabet and without resort to any code of cipher_combinations;
so that the work may be legible to any one without previous study. In furtherance
of this object I have provided improved means for feeding the paper and ink-ribbon
through the machine in the operation thereof; an improved arrangement of the
printing-characters, in groups and otherwise, with reference to each other and with
reference to the key-bars; improvements in hanging and shifting groups of
printing-characters in machines of this nature; an improved arrangement of the
key-buttons and of the letters thereon, and various minor improvements which are
fully disclosed in the following specification, of which the accompanying drawings
form a part, in which―
Figure 1 is a plan view of my type-writing machine, natural size, the left-hand
shift-key B' being broken away to permit the figure to go on the sheet. Fig. 2 is
an enlarged detail plan view of the printing mechanism. Fig. 3 is a central longi-
tudinal section on the line 33 of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a rear view. Fig. 5 is a detail
section on the line 5 5 of Fig. 2. Fig. 6 is a detail section on the line 66 of
Fig. 2. Fig. 7 is a detail of the type segments or type-carrying frames E, E¹ and E³.

page_text: Fig. 8 is a detail section taken on the line 8 8 of Fig 3. Fig. 9 is a detail of the
feeding-frame.
A indicates the base-frame, which is provided with the upwardly-directed side
plates A and with curved or segmental plates A, in which are transverse slots through
which the key-bars for the printing-keys B pass and by which they are held in
proper alinement. These printing-bars, preferably sixteen in number, are pivotally
connected with a curved rod 6, which preferably passes through all of the bars,
and under each of the bars is a spiral spring 62, (shown plainly in Fig. 3) which
operates to force the key end of said bars upwardly and cause the rear or printing
ends thereof to rest upon the frame A or a suitable pad w provided for them. The
rear ends of these printing-key bars are flattened, so as to present a flat surface to
the face of the type, and these flattened ends are substantially in a straight line
and at equal distances apart, each bar being located directly beneath one of the
type or rows of type on the segments or frames E E E³, so that by revolving the
segment on its shaft any one of the letters in the line above the bar may be brought
into position for printing, as hereinafter described.
At each side of the curved plate A are the raised elongations A+, similarly pro-
vided with slots for the four shift-keys B1 B2 B3 B. As the rear ends of these shift-
keys are always more elevated than the ends of the printing-keys, the surfaces of
the elongations A are correspondingly higher than the plate A³, and preferably,
both plate and elongations are provided with curved flanges through which the
slots pass to form additional guides for the keys and are all cast in one solid piece
with the base-frame A, though it will be understood that both plate and blocks
might be dispensed with and each key-bar held in an independent holder or
fastened in any other suitable manner without departing from the spirit of this
invention. It is important, however, that the pivotal points of the shift-keys Bi
B2 B3 B be on a higher plane than the pivotal points of the printing-keys B for if
the shift-keys are curved upward at the ends where they strike the arms of the
type-segments a slight side play of the key in its slot will vary the movement it
gives to the type-seginent, and thus throw the letters out of line.
Referring to Fig. 1, it will be noticed that the arrangement of the key-buttons C
of the printing-keys and C¹ of the shift-keys permits all the keys to be operated
conveniently at the same time without changing the position of the hands above
the key-board, and this is an important feature of my invention.
The keys to the left of the line 3 3 would be operated by the left-hand and those
to the right of said line by the right hand. The thumb of the right hand would
operate either or both of the keys marked "2UA" and "3IW," respectively;
the index-finger would operate either or both of the keys lettered "4LV" and
5 KR" respectively; the next finger keys lettered respectively, "6MN" and
"7FD"; the next finger keys lettered, respectively, "STS" and "9ST"; the
little finger would operate the single shift-key marked "VOW'S LINE 2," and the
outer portion of the palm of the right hand would operate the single shift-key marked
"CON'S LINE 2, The left hand is similarly placed with reference to the keys
on that side of the key-board. It will be observed that this arrangement of the
keyboard is adapted to the natural movements of the hand. The palm of the
hand could not well be shifted from one key to another, and is therefore assigned
but one.
The little finger does not shift easily, and is therefore given but one key.
The thumb moves from side to side more readily than back and forth, and its keys
are therefore placed side by side. The other three fingers move back and forth
more readily than from side to side, and the keys for them are located accordingly,
each pair of keys impinging (but not coming in actual contact) so that both may
be simultaneously depressed by putting the fingers where they come almost together.
In lettering the six pairs of finger-keys it will be noticed that the line of key-
buttons farthest from the operator have the letters or characters on the left-hand
side of each key, while on the lower line of keys the letters or characters are on the
right-hand side of each key. It will also be noticed that the key-bar connected with
each key on the lower line is to the right of or following each key on the upper

page_text: line, and this arrangement of letters on the left of the upper key-buttons and the
right of the lower key-buttons is for the purpose of indicating to the eye of the
operator that each key on the nearer (or lower) line prints to the right of each cor-
responding key just beyond (or above) it in other words, that the key lettered
"QMPT" prints immediately to the right of the key lettered "SSSS," &c.
D indicates the shaft on which the type-segments or type-frames E E¹ E³ are
mounted. This shaft passes loosely through the uprights A2 at each side of the
machine, or preferably through the sleeves D in said upright pieces, and on the
left-hand side of the machine the shaft is bent to form a finger-piece, such as D³,
while a coiled spring D causes this bent end of the shaft to bear ordinarily against
the stop-pin unless it is moved in the operation of the shift-key B³ or is pressed
down by the finger against a similar stop-pin d³ beneath it. The type-frames E
and E are revolubly mounted on the shaft D, while the center type-frame E¹ is
attached to the shaft by a set-screw and moves with it. When at rest, the type-
frames E and E2 are held against the long stop-pin f by the operation of the coiled
spring D¹ D¹
The center type-frame Ef, being secured to the shaft D, is held in its normal
position by the coiled spring 12, which causes the finger-piece D³ to bear upwardly
against the stop-pin d2, and if the machine is built accurately will also cause the
type-frame E¹ to bear against the common stop-rod f, though this is not necessary.
When the three type-frames EE and E are in their normal position against the stop-
rod f, the characters shown on the top line of the three type-frames in Fig. 7 would
be directly above the flat ends of the printing-key bars B, sixteen in number, one
letter facing each bar, so that if the machine were supplied with paper and ribbon
and the sixteen printing keys were struck simultaneously the following letters would
be printed across the strip of paper; "STDWCHREAWVRNDST." It will be
noticed that these letters appear as the first character in each line or column on the
key-buttons C of the respective printing-keys B. To print the letters appearing
above them in the various columns, one or more of the shift-keys are used. When
the shift-key B² is struck the outer end travels upwardly until it reaches the shaft D,
(or its sleeve) which acts as a stop, and in rising the shift-key bears against the
arm 9 of the type-frame E, raising it also and revolving the frame until the second
longitudinal line of type is brought opposite the flat ends of the printing-keys B.
Hence if the sixteen printing-keys B were struck simultaneously with the shift-
key B the following letters would be printed across the strip of paper;
GLREAWVRNDST."
66
SPBF
The letters in the third longitudinal line on type-frame E are shifted to the
printing-point by depressing the shift-key B' simultaneously with the printing-
keys located beneath and opposite the transverse lines of type on frame E, or such
of them as the operator wishes to employ; but in this case I use as a stop the flat
piece m, made of steel or other suitable material and journaled in the slotted rod /,
which is fastened to the frame A of the machine by a set-screw or otherwise.
The movable stop m is hung just above the outer ends of the two shift-keys B₁
and B2 and swings freely in its slot, so that normally the lower angle of it, m³,
will rest against the upper edge of the shift-key B³, but the lower edge of the
piece m is formed at such an angle that the rising of the shift-key B2 will swing
the stop m to the right and away from the shift-key B. Just above the shift-
key B the swinging'stop m has a notch or recess M³, adapted to receive the shift-
key B and check its upward movement before it reaches the stop-pin f. This
notch m³ is so located that it will stop the shift-key B₁ as soon as said shift-key
has raised the arm 9 of the type-frame E sufficiently to bring the third longitudinal
line of letters to the printing-point, but when both shift-keys B¹ and 132 are
struck simultaneously the shift-key 132 swings the notch m³ of the stop m out of the
path of shift-key 13 and allows it to pass on to the stop-rod f, thereby raising
the arm g of the type-frame E sufficiently to bring the fourth longitudinal line
of characters to the proper printing-point. The coiled spring D₁ also causes the

page_text: type-frame E to return to its normal position against the stop-rod f as soon as the
shift-key is released.
To bring the second line of characters on type-frame E³ to the proper printing-
point, the shift-key B on the right-hand side of the machine is struck, raising the
arm g² until the upward movement of the shift-key is checked by the stop-pin f.
The shift-key B³, which operates the center type frame, does not come directly
into contact with the frame E¹ itself, but operates against a projecting portion g
of the collar g', which, like the center type-frame E, is secured to the shaft D by
a set-screw or otherwise, so that when a pressure on the shift-key B³ turns the
collar g until the upward movement of the shift-key is checked by the stop-pin f³
the shaft D and the type-frame El also revolve until the second longitudinal line
of characters on the type-frame E, namely, "OUI," are brought to the proper
printing-point. The coiled spring D operates the type-frame E² and the coiled
Spring D operates the shaft D and thereby the type-frame E' in a manner similar
to the operation of the coiled spring D¹, already described,
To make numerals, the crank end D³, lettered "Figs.," of the shaft D is depressed
until it reaches the stop d, which will bring the numerals on the type-frame E¹ to
the proper printing-point. It will be noticed by reference to Fig. that the
three lines of characters on type-frame E occupy the space of four lines, one
intermediate line between the letters and numerals being left blank; also, Fig. 5,
that the arm of the type-frame E curves and passes above the pin g³ of collar g³.
Now when the type-frames are all in their normal position resting against the stop-
rod f the space between the pin in the collar and the arm g² above said pin will
correspond to the movement required at this point for shifting one line of type,
thus allowing the pin in the collar g to be raised sufficiently to bring the second
line of type on the frame E¹ into proper printing position without disturbing
the arm g², at which time the row of numerals on frame E' is in line with the row
of numerals on frame E. Now if the pin g³ in the collar g' is moved any farther it
carries the arm 3 of the type-frame E with it, so that the depression of the crank
or finger-piece D³ of the shaft D will move both type-frames E¹ and E³
simultaneously and bring the numerals on both type-frames E and E² to the proper
printing-point.
My object in leaving a blank space on type-frame E¹ equal to one line and no
more (aside from the need of allowing the two rows of letters on type-frames E¹
and E, respectively, to have room for shifting without the movement of one frame
changing the position of the other) was that the arm g² of the type-frame E² might
act as a stop to check the further movement of the type-frame when it had been
swung into position for the second line of letters by means of the shift-key B³,
the arm g2 thus supplementing the coiled spring 12 in checking the type-frame El
at the proper printing-point for the second line of letters.
Carrying out the idea of providing supplemental stops to offset the momentum of
the type-frames and prevent their flying past the proper printing-points I use the
coiled spring f, which fits loosely around the shaft D, one end resting on the stop-
rod f and the other end extending forward, so as to strike the edge of the type-
frame E2 as soon as it has been swung upwardly far enough to bring the second
line of type to the proper printing-point. Similar devices may be used in connection
with the type-frame E. The slots for the shift-keys are all made shallow, so that
these bars B1, B2, B3, and B' may rest on the bottoms of their respective slots.
In a machine of this nature, which is worthless unless it can be manipulated more
rapidly than the ordinary type-writer, the grouping and arrangement of the printing-
characters is of the utmost importance, because the speed of the instrument depends
very largely upon the smallness of the total number of keys and the largeness of
the total number of letters that can be printed at a single stroke. The object of
this invention is to provide means whereby an ordinary word can be printed in
letters legible to any one at one stroke or motion of the hands, though for some
words two or even more strokes are required. To attain this object, I first provide
three groups of characters, one group containing a complete consonant alphabet,
another group containing a vowel alphabet, and a third group containing terminal

page_text: consonants of frequent occurrence. I next put each group of characters on a
separate type-frame and arrange them in transverse and longitudinal lines, as
shown in Fig. 7, each transverse line being directly above the end of a printing-
key bar, as clearly shown in Fig. 8, so that as the type-frame is moved or swung
around any letter in a transverse line may be printed by striking the key-bar
beneath it; and by this arrangement one printing-key is sufficient for all the letters in
one transverse row. In the same way I cut down the number of shift-keys needed by
placing the letters also in longitudinal rows, as one shift-key is obviously sufficient
to shift all the letters in one longitudinal row on one of the type-frames, and the
grouping of the characters in the manner stated and assigning each group to an
independent type-frame enables all the letters in a longitudinal line on one of the
type-frames to be printed in line and simultaneously with all the letters in any
longitudinal line on either of the other type-frames. The letters in the longitudinal
lines on the different type-frames are arranged with reference to each other in the
order in which they usually occur in spelling words. Thus the first line on type-
frame E reads " STDWCHR," which furnishes the combinations "ST,"
"SW,"
SCH," "SC," "SH," "SHR," "TW," "TH," "THR," "DW,"
"DR," "WH,"
"WR," "CH," "CHR" and "STR,' which so frequently
occur in words.
65
The shift-keys, being designed to operate simultaneously with the printing-keys,
are fulcrumed so as to give them a much shorter stroke than the latter, the purpose
being to have the type-frames shift and come to a stop before the printing-keys
reach them.
To feed the strip of paper through the machine, I provide the feeding-frame H¹,
(shown in Figs. 3 and 4,) which consists of a straight piece of steel or other suitable
material placed across and above the outer ends of the printing-key bars and
having arms extending to the front part of the side plates A2 and pivotally mounted
between said side plates and about midway between the shift-keys and the printing-
keys on the rod i, which extends through the side plates A2, and around which rod
is a coiled spring 2³, one end of which passes through one of the side plates A² and
the other end of which bears upon the feeding-frame H', as clearly shown in Fig. 9,
and constantly presses it downward upon the ends of the printing-keys. The
arms of the feeding-frame H¹ are connected near the ends through which the pivot
rod i passes by the rod for the purpose of stiffening the frame, the rod i being
riveted at each end to the arms of the feeding-frame. The feeding-frame H
is also provided at its outer end with the roller I, journaled in the arms of the
frame, and which should be of sufficient diameter to bring its surface a little
lower than the edge of the feeding-frame itself, so that as the rear portion of the
feeding-frame is pressed downward by the spring ³, as just described, the roller I
will bear upon the ends of the printing-keys. The roller I should be located very
close to the edge of the feeding-frame H', so as to leave only a narrow slot or
opening between them just wide enough to allow the strip of paper to pass
freely through it. In fact, a narrow slot or opening made at this point by any
means would be sufficient to make the feeding device effective, but a roller is
preferable, because it lessens the friction. Just a little above the roller I and
parallel to it is the flat cross-bar d, each end of which fits into a vertical slot do
in the side plates A2, and a little to the rear of this flat cross-bar is the
rod c, loosely journaled in the side plates A2, the central portion of which is
bent so as to cause it to project, or it may be left straight and a projection
formed by putting on the rod a piece of rubber or any other suitable substance,
and this yoke or projection of the rod c, by the action of the coiled spring c¹,
is made to press downwardly against the cross-bar d, so that if a strip of paper or
similar material be passed upwardly between the two, the projection of rod c
and the cross-bar d, it will push them apart but if drawn downwardly it will have
a tendency to pull them closer together, and by thus wedging itself in between them
check any further downward movement. This device, comprising flat bar d and
rod c, constitutes a paper-grip.

page_text: When the machine is ready for use, an ordinary type-writer ribbon H of suitable
width is attached to and wound around the ribbon reels F and G alternately, and
in passing from one to the other runs beneath the rod i of the feeding-frame H¹,
beneath the type-frames E, E and E³, and through the guide-wire e, attached to the
cross-bar d, as shown in Fig. 3. The end of each ribbon reel F and G is provided
with a pulley a³ a³, as shown in the drawings. The roll of paper J1, having pre-
ferably a wooden core J, is mounted on the hollow spindle K, which is held in
position by the support a, as shown clearly in Fig. 3, this supporting-rod a having
a rectangular bend at its upper end, so that it may pass loosely through the
spindle K. The supporting-rod a at its lower end passes through the frame
of the machine A2 and is held in an upright position by means of a clamp and
thumb-nut a2, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The roll of paper should fit tightly upon
the spindle K, so that as the paper is drawn forward through the machine the
spindle will revolve as the roll J revolves, and by passing an elastic belt a¹ around
the end of the spindle K and one of the ribbon-reel pulleys a³, as shown in Figs. 3
and 4, the movement of the paper J¹ turning the spindle K will produce a corre-
sponding movement in the ribbon-reel and cause the ribbon to wind upon which-
ever reel the elastic belt a¹ connects with, and then when nearly all the ribbon has
been wound upon one reel it may be reversed and caused to wind back upon the
other reel by simply changing the elastic helt a¹ from pulley a³ of ribbon-reel F to
pulley a³ of ribbon-reel G, or vice versa.
The operation of the machine is as follows:
The paper J is mounted on the
spindle K and the end of the strip passed through the paper-guide j, thence under
the ink-ribbon H, under the pivot-wire i of the feeding-frame H', also under the
roller I of said frame, and up through the slot or narrow opening between said
roll and the outer edge of the frame H', and further up between the flat cross-
bar d and the rod c, a portion of which presses against the cross-bar din
such a way as to form a clutch and prevent the downward movement of the
paper between the rod c and the bar d, as already described. When one or more
of the printing-keys C are struck, the flat outer ends of the printing-bars B will
rise until they strike one or more of the type-frames E E E2, and as they rise
will force upward the outer end of the feeding-frame H', and the strip of paper J,
being held fast between the roller I and the bar or bars B and kept in an upright
position by the proximity of the frame H¹, is also forced upward between the
yoke of spring-operated rod c and the cross-piece d, the upward movement of
the paper having a tendency to push the projecting portion of the rod c away
from the cross-piece d, and thus allow the paper to pass more easily. When the
fingers are removed from the finger-pieces C, the flat ends of the bars B drop to
their normal position and the spring on the feeding-frame H' forces that down
also but as soon as the strip of paper that is between the rod c and the cross-
piece d begins to descend it draws the yoke 2 of the rod c down more tightly
against the cross-piece d, and thus the downward movement of the paper is
prevented, and the roller I of the feeding-frame H¹, still pressing on the strip of
paper, causes enough of it to unwind from the block to allow the feeding-
frame to descend to its normal position on the bars B, thus presenting a fresh
surface for printing upon.
The type-carrying frame E has the following letters:
STDWCHR (formed without use of any shift-key).
SPBFGLR (formed by using shift-key B³ with keys B).
SMNVKLY (formed by using shift-key B¹ with keys B).
SQZXJ, (use shift-keys B1 and B2 simultaneously).
The type-carrying frame E¹ has the following:
EA W (formed without use of any shift-key).
OUI (use shift-key B³).
123 hold down finger-niece D3 before striking the printing-keys B).

page_text: The type-carrying frame E has the following:
VRNDST (formed without use of any shift-key).
LKMFTS (use shift-key B4).
456789 (hold down finger-piece D³ before striking keys B).
In writing the shift-keys and printing-keys are struck simultaneously, and as
many letters as possible, usually an entire word, unnecessary letters being omitted,
should be printed at one stroke, when the machine will automatically move the.
paper to the next line in the manner already stated. The sentence "He who
runs can read" would appear as follows on the strip:
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. In a type-writing machine, two lines of key-buttons arranged one in front
of the other, one row having its letters on the left side of the buttons, the other on
the right side, to indicate the order in which the corresponding letters will be
printed when the keys are struck.
2. In a type-writing machine a series of keys arranged to print side by side and
having their corresponding key-buttons arranged in lines one behind the other and
lettered to the left or right of the center of the button.
3. In a type-writing machine a series of keys arranged so as to print side by
side simultaneously and having their key-buttons arranged in pairs, one pair for
each thumb or finger, and the pairs in curved lines corresponding to the positions
of the fingers and thumbs in the act of striking, in combination with shift-keys
adapted to operate simultaneously with any printing-key.
4. In a type-writing machine a series of keys arranged so as to print simul-
taneously and having their key-buttons arranged in pairs in close proximity, one
pair for each of the thumbs, arranged side by side, and other pairs for the fingers
arranged one behind the other, the several pairs so grouped as to conform to the
natural-position of the hand in the act of striking the keys, in combination with
shift-keys adapted to operate simultaneously with any printing-key.
5. In a type-writing machine, a plurality of shift-keys and a plurality of
printing-keys adapted to act simultaneously with and independently of each other,
the shift-keys being fulcrumed on a higher plane than the printing-keys, so as
to afford a substantially straight shift-key.
6. In a type-writing machine, a plurality of shift-keys and a plurality of print-
ing-keys adapted to act simultaneously with and independently of each other, the
shift-keys being fulcrumed so as to have a shorter stroke than the printing-keys.
7. In a type-writing machine a series of printing-keys arranged in two fields,
one for each hand, in combination with a plurality of shift-keys adapted to be
operated by a single hand simultaneously with any printing-key of one of the
fields.
8. In a type-writing machine, a plurality of shift-keys in combination with a
movable stop, one of the shift-keys having its movement limited by said stop;
the second shift-key being adapted to move the stop out of the path of the first,
so that the simultaneous depression of both keys permits one of them to travel
farther than when struck alone.
9. In a type-writing machine, a plurality of shift-keys, a movable type-carrying
frame and a movable stop for the shift-keys having the lower angle m¹ and so
arranged that the simultaneous depression of both keys will move the type-frame to
a different point from that to which it would be moved by the depression of either
kev singly.

page_text: 10. In a type-writing machine a series of key-bars having their rear ends.
arranged side by side, a spring-operated feeding-frame adapted to press the paper
down upon the ends of said bars and grip it, and having transverse opening at
the rear to permit the upward passage of the paper, in combination with a paper
grip above said opening to prevent the backward movement of the paper after it
has been pushed through said paper grip.
11. In a type-writing machine, a series of key-bars arranged side by side and
a spring-operated feeding-frame provided with a roller adapted to press the paper
against the ends of said bars.
12. In a type-writing machine, a spring-operated feeding-frame provided with a
transverse slot or opening, in combination with a paper-grip located above said
slot and adapted to permit the passage of the paper away from the feeding-frame
and check its movement in the opposite direction.
13. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a plurality of key-bars and a
type-carrying frame mounted above the ends of said key-bars on a shaft at one end
of which is a crank or handle adapted to turn the shaft and swing the type-frame
out of its normal position.
14. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a plurality of key-bars and a
type-carrying frame mounted above said key-bars on a shaft whose movement
governs the movement of the type-frame, and at one or both ends of which shaft
is a lettered crank or finger-piece.
15. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a plurality of key-bars and a
type-carrying frame suitably supported above the ends of said bars (or some of
them) and having characters arranged thereon in transverse and longitudinal
lines, one longitudinal line being separated from the rest by a blank space
substantially equal to that occupied by one line of characters.
16. In a type-writing machine, a plurality of key-bars and a plurality of type-
carrying frames mounted on a shaft above said key-bars, one of said type-frames
being fixed to the shaft and moving with it, in combination with a shift-key adapted
to move the type-frame by moving the shaft.
17. In a type-writing machine, a swinging type-frame provided with an arm or
projection at its side, in combination with a shift-key adapted to operate directly
against said arm and shift the type.
18. In a type-writing machine the combination of a plurality of key-bars and a
plurality of type-carrying frames mounted on a shaft above said key-bars, one of
said type-frames being provided with a stop-pin so adjusted that when the frame
is moved beyond a certain point, it will carry the other frame with it.
19. In a type-writing machine the combination of a plurality of type-carrying
frames having arms or pins for the shift-keys to act upon, the arm of one type-
frame being so arranged that it will act as a stop to check the movement of
another.
20. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a plurality of key-bars the
rear ends of which are provided with a flat surface and a type-carrying frame
mounted above the ends of said bars and adapted to move the type backward and
forward, the key-bars being adapted to strike against the type.
21. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a plurality of key-bars the
rear ends of which rest side by side and a type-carrying frame located above
the rear ends of said key-bars, provided with type located opposite the ends of the
respective bars and adapted to be struck thereby, said type-frame being adapted
to move the type backward and forward above said bars.
22. In a type-writing machine, the combination, with a suitable main frame
provided with suitable key-bars and keys, of three swinging type-frames, the
central frame being provided with vowels and the side frames being provided with
consonants, said vowels and consonants being arranged in longitudinal and trans-
verse rows on each of the three frames, and means for shifting said frame so that
a given longitudinal row of consonants may be brought into line with a given

page_text: longitudinal row of vowels and means to print any number of selected characters
in the longitudinal row of each frame.
23. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a plurality of keys and
key-bars, of a plurality of movable type-frames, each of said frames being provided
with letters or characters arranged in both longitudinal and transverse rows, and
means for printing any number of selected characters in one longitudinal row
simultaneously with any number of selected characters in any other longitudinal
row.
24. The combination in a type-writing machine provided with a plurality of
keys and key-bars, of a movable type-frame provided with a general alphabet of
consonants arranged in a plurality of longitudinal and transverse rows: another
movable type-frame provided with frequently-used terminal consonants similarly
arranged and a third movable type-frame located between the other type-frames
and provided with a plurality of rows of vowels, and means for shifting said frames
so that a given longitudinal row of consonants may be brought into line with a
given longitudinal row of vowels and means to print any number of selected
characters in the longitudinal row of each frame.
25. In a type-writing machine, the hereindescribed arrangement of letters or
characters, which consists in separating the consonants from the vowels and
putting a general consonant alphabet all on one frame; the vowels on another
frame and the terminal consonants on a third frame, so that one shift-key can move
an entire group of letters; said type-frames having separate shift-keys provided
for each so that all may be moved simultaneously and independently of each other,
and means to print any number of selected characters in any longitudinal row of
any type-frame.
26. The hereindescribed arrangement of letters or characters in a type-writing
machine, which consists in placing a group of vowels on one frame and a group
of consonants in a plurality of transverse and longitudinal rows on another movable
frame, and means for shifting said movable frame and means to print any
character in either of the rows of consonants thereon in the same line and at the
same time with any of the vowels, substantially as shown and described.
27. In a type-writing machine provided with a plurality of type-frames, a
movable type-frame having characters arranged in both transverse and longi-
tudinal rows thereon, in combination with keys adapted to print simultaneously
any number of selected characters in any longitudinal row.
28. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a plurality of key-bars
provided at their rear ends with a flat surface, of a type-frame provided with
suitable letters or characters and mounted on a shaft which extends transversely
above the flattened ends of said bars; the type on the frame being located to
correspond to the flattened ends of the bars, and the type-frame being adapted to
swing backward and forward, as described.
29. The combination in a type-writer, of a main frame, a plurality of key-bars,
a plurality of type-frames provided with letters or characters which are arranged
in a plurality of both longitudinal and transverse lines thereon, and means for
shifting said type-frames and means to print any number of selected letters or
characters in one of the rows on any type-frame simultaneously with any of the
letters or characters in one of the rows on any other type-frame.
30. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a suitable main frame, of
a plurality of type-frames provided with suitable letters or characters, a series of
printing-keys converging toward a common center and the ends of which are
arranged side by side beneath said type-frames and are adapted to strike against
said letters or characters, and a plurality of shift-keys to move said type-frames.
31. The combination, in a type-writing machine, of a plurality of printing-key
bars converging toward a common center and the rear ends of which are arranged
side by side beneath the type-frames, and a plurality of swinging type-frames
operated by shift-keys arranged at each side of the printing-keys and adapted
to be struck simultaneously therewith.

page_text: 32. The combination in a type-writing machine, of a plurality of key-bars, a
frame pivotally supported above and adjacent to one end of said key-bars and one
side of which is adapted to bear thereon when the bars are raised and press the
paper down upon the bars, and a friction paper-grip above said frame adapted to
allow the paper to pass through when the frame is raised but prevent its backward
movement when the frame descends.
33. The combination in a type-writing machine provided with a plurality of
key-bars, of a spring-operated paper-feeding frame, pivotally supported above
and adjacent to the rear ends of said key-bars and one side of which, is adapted
to bear thereon when the bars are raised, and a paper-grip located above said frame
adapted to allow the paper to pass through when the frame is raised and prevent
its downward movement when the frame descends.
34. The combination in a type-writing machine, of a suitable main frame, a
plurality of key-bars mounted therein, a type-carrying frame supported above the
rear ends of said key-bars, and a swinging paper-feeding frame pivotally
supported between the said key-bars and the type-carrying frame and one side of
which is adapted to press the paper down against the key-bars and prevent the
paper slipping while being shoved upward by the raising of the bars.
35. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a suitable main frame,
of a plurality of keys and key-bars, a roll of paper mounted in said frame, a paper-
feeding frame provided with a transverse slot or opening through which the paper
is passed, and pivotally mounted above the ends of said key-bars and the rear end
of which is adapted to rest thereon and clamp the paper when the bars are raised,
and a type-frame mounted above said feeding-frame, and a shaft which is adapted
to support a ribbon which is adapted to be fed beneath said type-frame, said roll
of paper being adapted to be fed beneath said feeding-frame and said type-frame,
substantially as shown and described.
36. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a suitable main frame, of
a plurality of keys and key-bars; means for mounting a roll of paper; a paper-
feeding frame pivotally mounted above the ends of said key-bars and the rear end
of which is adapted to bear thereon and clamp the paper, and type-frames mounted
above said feeding-frame, said roll of paper being adapted to be fed beneath said
feeding-frame and through a paper-grip adapted to prevent its backward move-
ment.
37. In a typewriting machine the combination with a main frame provided at
its rear end with vertical side plates and at its front end with curved or segmental
flanges, of a plurality of key-bars pivotally supported between said flanges and in
vertical grooves or recesses formed therein, a spring-operated paper-feeding frame
mounted between said side plates, the rear end of which is adapted to bear upon
the rear ends of said key-bars and spring-operated type-frames suitably supported
above said feeding-frame and suspended therethrough said type-frames being
provided with the necessary type, substantially as shown and described.
38. In a type-writing machine provided at its rear end with vertical side plates
and at its front end with curved or segmental flanges, a plurality of key-bars
pivotally supported between said flanges and in vertical grooves or recesses formed
therein, a spring-operated paper-feeding frame mounted between said side plates
and the rear end of which is adapted to bear upon the rear ends of said key-bars,
and spring-operated type-frames suitably supported above said feeding-frame and
suspended therethrough, said type-frames being provided with necessary type and
said main frame being also provided with means for supporting an ink-ribbon and
for feeding the same beneath said type-frames, and also with means for supporting
a roll of paper and for feeding the same beneath said ink-ribbon and said type-
frames, substantially as shown and described.
39. In a type-writing machine the combination of a plurality of key-bars, a
paper-feeding frame pivotally supported above and adjacent to the rear ends of
said key-bars and adapted to bear thereon when the bars are raised, and a device

page_text: to prevent the backward movement of the paper after it has been fed forward by
said frame, consisting of a transverse plate supported just above the ends of said
key-bars and a spring-operated rod adjacent thereto and provided with a yoke
adapted to hear thereon, substantially as shown and described.
40. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a plurality of key-bars, a
paper-feeding frame pivotally supported above and adjacent to the rear ends of
said key-bars and adapted to bear thereon, and a device to prevent the backward
movement of the paper after it has been fed forward by said frame, consisting of
a transverse plate supported just above the ends of said key-bars and a spring-
operated rod adjacent thereto and adapted to operate in connection therewith,
substantially as shown and described.
41. The combination in a type-writer, of a suitable main frame, a plurality of
key-bars and a plurality of type-frames provided with letters or characters
which are arranged in different longitudinal and transverse rows
thereon, and means for shifting said type-frames
SO that the letters
or characters in either of the longitudinal rows thereon may be printed,
consisting of keys and corresponding key-bars arranged at the side of
the frame of the machine and adapted to operate in connection with arms
which are connected with the type-frames, and said key-bars being provided with
keys, the number of key-bars being equal to the number of the transverse rows
of type on the type-frames, substantially as shown and described.
42. The combination in a type-writer, of a suitable main frame, a plurality of
key-bars and a plurality of type-frames with letters or characters arranged
in both transverse and longitudinal rows thereon, so that the letters or characters
in either of the longitudinal rows on one frame may be printed in line with the
letters or characters in either of the longitudinal rows on any other frame by
simultaneously depressing the proper printing-keys and shift-keys; the printing-
keys having their key-buttons arranged in pairs and the pairs located to conform
to the position of the hands in the act of striking the keys, and the shift-keys having
their key-buttons located on either side of the keyboard formed by the printing-
keys and in position to be conveniently struck by the hands while operating the
printing-keys.
43. The combination, in a type-writing machine, of a suitable main frame, a
plurality of key-bars suitably supported, and a plurality of swinging type-frames
each of which is provided with a plurality of rows of letters or characters which
said bars are adapted to strike, and a plurality of shift-keys adapted to operate
said type-frames independently of the printing-keys, said shift-keys and said
printing-keys being adapted to be operated simultaneously substantially as shown
and described.
44. In a type-writing machine, a plurality of movable type-carrying frames
each of which is provided with a plurality of letters or characters which are
arranged in longitudinal and transverse rows thereon, and a series of printing
key-bars corresponding in number with the transverse rows of characters or letters
on the type-carrying frames, substantially as shown and described.
45. The combination in a type-writing machine, of a swinging type-frame pro-
vided with a plurality of rows of type arranged in longitudinal and transverse
rows, a shift-key bar adapted to swing said frame independently of the printing-
key bars, and printing key-bars arranged side by side and adapted to print
simultaneously against the type in either of said longitudinal rows, said key-bars
equaling in number the transverse rows of type on the type-frame, substantially
as shown and described.
46. The combination in a type-writing machine, of movable type-frames, each
of which is provided with a plurality of rows of type arranged in longitudinal and
transverse lines and a series of printing-keys arranged side by side in positions
corresponding with the transverse rows of type on the type-frames, and adapted,
as the frame is moved from one point to another, to bear against any letter in the

page_text: transverse row facing said keys, and means for moving said type-frames,
substantially as shown and described.
Dated this 28th day of February 1898.
DAY, DAVIES, & HUNT,
Chartered Patent Agents, 321, High Holborn, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.