IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATING MATERIALS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to François Moufrant, of Paris, in the Empire
of France, now residing in the Haymarket, in the City of West-
iminster, Coal Merchant, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
Sealed the 20th October 1858, and dated the 2nd May 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said François Montrant
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 2nd May 1858.
I, FRANÇOIS MONFRANT, of Paris, in the Empire of France, now re-
siding in the Haymarket, in the City of Westminster, Coal Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LUBRICATING MATERIALS" to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in the employment of all fatty oils, with
the exception of coleseed oil. I first disacidify them by means of milk,
and then cause them to blend and intermix with fat or a fatty body by
means of resin, or a resinous composition.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said François Monfrant in the Great Seal Patent
Office, on the 2nd November 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
FRANÇOIS MONFRANT, of Paris, in the Empire of France, now residing
in the Haymarket, in the City of Westminster, Coal Merchant, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the sixteenth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said François Moufrant, Her special licence
that I, the said François Moufrant, iny executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said François Monfrant, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
torm therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LUBRICATING MATERIALS," communicated to me by a foreigner residing
abroad, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said François
Monfrant, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said In-
vention, and in what manner the same was to be perfornied, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that 1, the said François Monfrant, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
saine is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:
The said improvements consist in the employment of all fatty oils
(with the exception of coleseed oil), which I disacidify by means of
milk, and then cause to blend and intermix with fat or a fatty body, by
means of resin or a resinous composition, so as to produce thereby

page_text: lubricating materials, which may be employed according to their com-
position, in lieu of the lubricating materials or compounds ordinarily
used.
I employ, in preparing the said lubricating materials, a large boiler
or heating vessel, heated either by fire, or by steam, hot air, or other-
wise. In this vessel I place the oil to be operated on, and I heat it to
such a temperature that the hand can just bear it when immersed. I
then add the lard or other solid fatty body (taking care to stir the mix-
ture well with a spatula from this time to the end of the operation),
and resin of the ordinary description, or a resinous body, in the pro-
portions necessary to produce the several compositions herein-after
specified, or other like proportions, When these two bodies are
perfectly melted, and an intimate commixture has taken place, I add
pure fresh milk in the proportion of at least two pints for every 100
kilogrammes (220 lbs. about) of oil, and the greater the impurity of
the oil the larger must be the proportion of milk added to it. In the
event of milk not being procurable, I employ the same proportion of
albumenized water (prepared by adding the white of one egg to a pint
of water), or of alkaline water (containing 5 grammes) (8 dwts. of
crystals of subcarbonate of soda to a pint of water), or even water
alone may be used, but milk is in all cases to be preferred. I allow
the mixture to be heated to boiling, or until the bubbling produced by
the evaporation of the aqueous matters has ceased; and in order to
ascertain when the operation has been carried on to a sufficient extent,
I place in the heating vessel a slice of new bread; and when this is
well browned, or, in other words, when it is fried crusty, the operation
is complete. It must be again observed, that it is indispensable that
the stirring should be continued throughout the operation, and in the
case of the more solid compounds even after the boiling is completely
finished. When the operation is terminated as has just been described.
the mixture is allowed to repose for several hours, and is then drawn
off, before packing it for storage or use, means of a hand pump or
a common syphon. The results of the different operations described
are, that by the boiling all the moisture of the milk and other foreign
bodies is entirely dissipated as vapour, and that the acid principles of
these substances, combined with the casein of the milk, are rendered

page_text: soluble and precipitated, while the oil separated from the deposit
hich they form contains no acid, and the deposit itself is, in some
easure, carbonized, and is easily removed from the vessel. All the
oducts, by being boiled together, are thoroughly incorporated; so
at there is no danger of the lard and oil becoming separated, a result
which the resin or resinous body undoubtedly contributes. If the
beration is to be carried on continuously, it will be needful to have
nued iron vessels, into which the clear contents of the boiler can be
ansferred to cool and settle before being packed away.
The products which I obtain by my modes of operating are of
Herent characters, and suitable for different lubricating purposes,
cording to the proportions of the ingredients of which they are com-
osed The following proportions I have found to produce superior
bricating materials, but these I specify rather as guides than as
tending to confine myself to them only.
No. 1.-Compound for the finer carriage work, &c.
Resin, 2 per cent. of the quantity of oil.
Lard, 50 to 75 per cent. of the quantity of oil, according to the
degree of solidity required.
No. 2. Compound for copper, steel, fire-arms, the more delicate
kinds of machinery, &c.
9
Resin, none; but instead of it, 2 per cent. of commion yellow wax.
Lard, 25 to 50 per cent. of the oil employed.
.
No. 3. Compound for lubricating oil for machinery.
Resin, 2 per cent. of the oil employed.
Lard, 5 per cent.
No. 4. Compound for the woollen manufacture, &c.
Resin, none.
Lard, 3 per cent. of the oil employed; but for this purpose it is
indispensable that the lard should be quite fresh.
No. 5. Compound for paint, oil, &c.
Resin, 1 per cent. of the oil employed.
Lard, 2 per cent.
With the addition of the drying material usually employed; say
tharge, 1 per cent.

page_text: As before observed, these proportions may be greatly varied. The
more lard is used, the harder will be the compound. The weather also
affects the proportions to be used, and more lard must be employed in
summer than in winter to produce a like effect. The lard may be
composed of half hog's lard, and half mutton or other suct or fatty
matter. The lard should be freed from all skin, &c., and cut into small
pieces; and it is better also to remove from it any portions of fleshy
matter that may be mixed with it; and if the fatty bodies employed,
whether lard, mutton suet, beef suct, or other fatty matter, are used in
the raw state, they should be first partly melted before being added to
the mixture in the heating vessel, by any of the means ordinarily
adopted for such purpose. The products obtained, as before men-
tioned, can be employed with advantage to replace all the oils employed
as lubricators, such as animal oils, lard oil, olive oil, &c. They possess,
moreover, the merit of being perfectly unctnous, and of containing no
kind of acid; they do not act prejudicially on metals, nor form any
residuum through friction; they neither turn rancid from age, nor do
they harden from contact with the air; and, lastly, their component
parts do not separate from each other, but continue always in intimate
commixture.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is,
The manufacture of lubricating materials by the employment of all
fatty oils, (with the exception of coleseed oil) disacidified by means of
milk, and caused to blend and intermix with fat or a fatty body, by
means of resin or a resinous composition, as herein-before described.
In witness whercof, I, the said Francois Monfrant, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of October,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
F. MON
MONTRANT.