Improvements in or relating to Mechanical Appliances in Combination for the Purpose of Recording Amounts Taken in Places of Business.
Year: 1893

page_text: - Date of Application, 26th Apr., 1893
.Complete Specification Left, 22nd Feb., 1894-Accepted, 21st Apr., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Mechanical Appliances in
Combination for the Purpose of Recording Amounts Taken
in Places of Business.
I JOHN MORECRAFT WELLINGTON Engineer of Clement Avenue, 59A High
Street Clapham in the County of Surrey do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in cash registers, and has for its object the
cheapening of construction at the same time increasing the reliability and certainty
of working. In carrying my invention into practice I employ the principle well
known in the stop work of Geneva watches and by this means I am able to control
the wheels in themselves without any outside mechanism as is necessary in most
other cash registers.
In front of the machine I pivot a number of keys on a common pivotal bar
(16, 20, 24 or more according to the size of the machine) supported at each end
in the side frames as is usual in this class of machines. Immediately above these
keys I place a bank of wheels side by side on a common shaft, these wheels being
actuated by dogs pivoted to the keys at any convenient point. When therefore
any one of the keys is depressed its corresponding wheel is moved forward by the
dog on the key one tooth.
To prevent the rubbing of one. wheel on the side of the next from communi-
cating its motion to its neighbour, I cut a flat on the shaft or a groove along it,
and fit a D shaped or a tongued washer between each so that rotary motion is
limited to the particular wheel actuated by the key.
Immediately above the set of wheels just described (hereinafter called the
actuating wheels) is a second bank of wheels (hereinafter called the multiplying
wheels) between each of which 1 place a double tongued washer. These
multiplying wheels are pivoted on a common shaft and framed up in a separate
frame, free to rock on pivots in the side frames of the machine and normally
held in close contact with the actuating wheels, and locked to the side frames
by means of hooked levers or any other. suitable device. The multiplying wheels
are locked individually by the actuating wheels in such a manner that they can
have no motion until the actuating wheel has made nearly a complete revolution
when it unlocks its corresponding multiplying wheel and turns it forward one
tooth again locking it as before so that there is no possibility of the wheels being
accidentally shifted or jarred forward by the machine being tilted.
On each wheel in any suitable position I fix a tooth which projects beyond the
working teeth for the purpose of setting the machine to zero which-is accomplished
in the following manner. The multiplying wheels are placed in position for setting
by lifting the locking lever and pushing back the rocking frame until the wheels
are clear of the actuating wheel when a suitable key is placed upon the end of the
shaft, which is squared for that purpose. A bar which lies immediately in front of
the reading slot is then raised and the key turned round till all the wheels are
standing at zero the key is then applied to the other shaft and turned round so as
to bring the multiplying wheels to zero which is accomplished in like manner to the
former, that is, the projecting teeth catching against a bar fixed in a suitable
position on the side frames. The rear ends of the finger keys or actuating levers
are bent upwards and bear against the under surface of the forward ends of a row of
levers so that as a key is struck it raises the forward end of the lever and depresses
the rear end to which is pivoted a piece of wire. The other end of this wire is pivoted

page_text: to the short end of a bell crank tablet support which is pivoted to a stud screwed
into a bar running along the top, at the back of the machine and secured to the side
frames in any convenient position, the tablets being arranged in pairs two on each
stud one on either side of the stud upon which they are pivoted. The effect
therefore of striking a finger key or actuating lever is to bring a tablet or disc into
view it being kept in position by means of a link swing rod running along the
machine just in front of the forward end of the levers and pivoted at the top end
of 'the link to the side frames. In order that the link swinging rod may work
quickly enough to catch the ends of the levers a helical or other suitable spring is
attached in any convenient position. To insure the tablets dropping in the proper
manner and also to check the correct working of the register a common lever runs
along the front of the machine under the keys and is pivoted to the same spindle
as, that upon which the keys work.
:
One end of this lever is carried out at the back of the machine and 'bent
upwards, the upward end carrying a gravity lever to the end of which is pivoted
a wheel engaging with a curved recess in the link swing, the effect of which is to
push this swing out of the way and allow the tablets to fall as soon as one key is
struck, if therefore a partial stroke only is made no tablet will be visible so that
the proprietor or manager can see at a glance that the machine is being incorrectly
worked. The aforesaid common lever is also used to sound a gong by any
suitable means, but preferably by the simple action of a clapper fastened to a
spring being swung up suddenly.
I may place a universal key running along the front of the machine and working
upon the same rod as the keys or actuating levers and actuated whenever a key is
depressed for the purpose of registering such sums as three farthings, halfpenny or
one farthing as may be required or I may use more than one so that with one hand
the operator can add a halfpenny &c. to any amount on the other keys thus
effecting a considerable saving in the number of keys. This universal key works
an actuating wheel and a multiplying wheel in the same way as the other keys
before described.
I provide a suitable locking device to act automatically and lock the finger keys
when any one of the multiplying wheels has completed its full revolution for this
purpose.
I preferably employ the tooth herein before described as the zero setting tooth,
to operate a rocking lever which is pivoted to the frame carrying the multiplying
wheels and running from end to end of the machine. To the rear end of this lever
in any convenient position is pivoted a link, the other end of which is pivoted to
one arm of a bell crank, the other end of which is pivoted to a second link, the
forward end of this link is also pivoted to the short arm of a bell crank the other
arm of which terminates in a hook which normally holds the locking bar clear of
the common lever, therefore on the aforesaid tooth striking the rocking lever, the
motion is communicated as before described and consequently depresses the hook
and thus releases the locking bar allowing the same to rise by means of a spring
and so wedge the common lever, thus preventing any of the keys from being operated.
Also I propose to fix a system of advertising above the tablets and worked by
a rod or any other suitable mechanism attached to the common lever before
described in connection with the tablets and gong.
These improvements refer principally to the class of registers now well known
in the market as detail calculating machines although the principle of the machine
above described is applicable to the class of registers known as total adding
machines and may be used for'same.
"In carrying my invention into effect 1 provide a cabinet of suitable construction
to enclose the mechanism allowing the tablets to be visible in the front and rear of
the machine and opening in a convenient manner to allow of the readings of the
machine to be taken and I provide means of holding the money taken in a drawer
or otherwise as most convenient. I also arrange mechanism for registering the
number of times the machine is opened for setting or any other purpose.

page_text: As my improvements are capable of some modifications without departing from
the principle thereof I do not restrict myself to materials, dimensions, or to the
precise form or placement of the several parts thereof.
Dated this 26th dem of Anvil 1902
F. G. CASSELL,
Of Cassell & Co.,
22, Glasshouse Street,. Regent Street, London, W.,
Agent for the. Applicant.
Improvements in or relating to Mechanical Appliances in
Combination for the Purpose of Recording Amounts Taken
in Places of Business.
I, JOHN MORECRAFT WELLINGTON 59A, High Street,. Clapham, Surrey,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of, this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in cash registers, and has for its object
the cheapening of construction at the same time increasing the reliability and
certainty of working.
I..
In carrying my invention into practice, I employ the principle well known in the
stop work of Geneva watches and by this means I am able to control the wheels
in themselves without any outside mechanism as is necessary in most other cash
registers.
In front of the machine I pivot any desired number of key levers on a common
pivotal bar supported at each end in the side frames as is usual in this class of
machines. Immediately above these key levers I place a bank of wheels side; by
side on a common shaft, these wheels being actuated by dogs pivoted to the key
levers at any convenient point. When therefore any one of the key levers is
depressed, its corresponding wheel is moved forward by the dog on the key lever,
one tooth.
To prevent the rubbing of one wheel on the side of the next from communicating
its motion to its neighbour, I cut a flat on the shaft or a groove along it, and fit a
D shaped or a tongued washer between each so that rotary motion is limited to the
particular wheel actuated by the key.
:
Immediately above the set of wheels above described (hereinafter called the
actuating wheels) is a second bank of wheels (hereinafter called the multiplying
wheels) between each of which. I place a double tongued washer. These multi-
plying wheels are pivoted on a common shaft and framed up in a separate frame,
free to rock on pivots in the side frames of the machine and normally held in close
contact with the actuating wheels, and locked to the side frames by means of
hooked levers or any other suitable device. The multiplying wheels are locked
individually by the actuating wheels in such a manner that they can have no motion
until the actuating wheel has made nearly a complete revolution when it unlocks its
corresponding multiplying wheel and turns it forward one tooth, again locking it as
before so that there is no possibility of the wheels being accidentally shifted or
jarred forward by the machine being titted.
On each wheel in any suitable position I fix a tooth which projects beyond the
working teeth for the purpose of setting the machine to zero which is accomplished
in the following manner. The multiplying wheels are placed in position for setting
by lifting the locking lever and pushing back the rocking frame until the wheels
are clear of the actuating wheel when a suitable key is placed upon the end of the
shaft, which is squared for that purpose. A bar which lies immediately in front of
the reading slot is then raised and the key turned round till all the wheels are

page_text: standing at zero the key. is then applied to the other shaft and turned round so as
to bring the multiplying wheels to zero which is accomplished in a like manner to
the former, that is, the projecting teeth catching against a bar fixed in a suitable
position on the side frames. The rear ends of the key levers are bent upwards and
bear against the under surface of the forward ends of a row of levers so that as a
key. lever is actuated it raises the forward end of the lever and depresses the rear
end to which is pivoted a piece of wire or other suitable connecting liuk. The
other end of the wire is pivoted to the short end of a bell crank tablet support
which is pivoted to a stud screwed into a bar running along the top, at the back of
the machine, and screwed to the side frames in any convenient position, the tablets
being arranged in pairs two on each stud one on either side of the bar to which
they are pivoted, the effect therefore of striking. a finger key or actuating lever is
to bring a tablet or disc into view it being kept in position by means of a link
swing-rod running along the machine just in front of the forward end of the levers
and pivoted at the top end of the link to the side frames. In order that the link
swinging rod may work quickly enough to catch the ends of the levers a helical or
other suitable spring is attached in any convenient position.
To ensure the tablets dropping in the proper manner and also to check the
correct working of the register a common lever runs along the front of the machine
under the keys and is pivoted to the same spindle as that upon which the keys work.
One end of this lever is carried out at the back of the machine and bent upwards,
the upward end carrying a gravity lever to the end of which is pivoted a wheel
engaging with a curved recess in the link swing, the effect of which is to push
this swing out of the way and allow the tablets to fall as soon as one key is
struck, if therefore a partial stroke only is made no tablet will be visible so that
the proprietor or manager can see at a glance that the machine is being incorrectly
worked.
The aforesaid common lever is also used to sound a gong by any
suitable means,
but preferably by the simple action of a clapper fastened to a spring being swung
up suddenly.
I place an universal key running along the front of the machine and working
apon the same rod as the key levers for the purpose of registering such sums as
three farthings, halfpenny or one farthing as may be required or I may use more
than one so that with one hand the operator can add a halfpenny &c. to any amount
on the other keys thus effecting a considerable saving in the number of keys. This
universal key works an actuating wheel and a multiplying wheel in the same manner
as the other keys before described.
I provide a suitable locking device to act automatically and lock the key levers
when any one of the multiplying wheels has completed its full revolution, for this
purpose I preferably employ the tooth (hereinbefore described as the zero setting
tooth) to operate a rocking lever which is pivoted to the frame carrying the
multiplying wheels and running from side to side of the machine. To the rear end
of this lever in any convenient position is pivoted a link, the other end of which is
pivoted to one arm of a bell crank, the other arm of which is pivoted to a second
link, the forward end of this link is also pivoted to the short arm of a bell crank
the other arm of which terminates in a hook which normally holds the locking bar
clear of the common lever, therefore on the aforesaid tooth striking the rocking
lever, the motion is communicated as before described and consequently raises the
hook and thus releases the locking bar allowing the same to rise by means of a
spring and so wedge the common lever thus preventing any of the key levers from
being operated.
For the purpose of automatically re-setting the aforesaid locking bar, I construct
the following mechanism..
At the other end of the machine pivoted to the aforesaid rocking frame which carries
the multiplying wheels I pivot a link, one end of which is pivoted to the long arm
of a bell crank, to the short arm of which I pivot a long link lying horizontally at
the bottom of the machine and the other end of which is slotted out and engages

page_text: with the locking bar. The effect therefore of placing the machine in correct
position.for setting the wheels to zero is to operate the mechanism just described
and thus replace the locking bar in its normal position as before described.
These improvements refer principally to the class of registers now well known in
the market as detail calculating machines although the principle of the machine
above described is applicable to the class of registers known as total adding
machines and may be used for same.
In carrying my invention into effect I provide a cabinet of suitable construction
to enclose the mechanism allowing the tablets to be visible in the front and rear of
the machine and opening in a convenient manner to allow of the readings of the
machine to be taken and I provide means of holding the money taken in a drawer
or otherwise as most convenient, I may also arrange mechanism for registering the
number of times the machine is opened for setting or any other purpose.
Referring to the accompanying sheets of drawings,
Fig. 1 represents a side elevation of my improved registering mechanism and
Fig. 2 is a central vertical section of the same.
Fig. 3 shows to an enlarged scale a portion of one of the multiplying and actuating
wheels and parts connected therewith, Fig. 4 being a front elevation thereof and
Fig. 5 a section of the two wheels.
Figs. 6 and 7 are views of the washers of the multiplying and actuating wheels
respectively.
Fig. 8 is a view showing the opposite side of the machine to that shown in Fig. 1
with its case or cabinet in section.
Fig. 9 is a plan of the machine and Fig. 10 shows a front view of two of the
indicator tablets with their cranks and levers.
Figs. 11 and 12 are details of the mechanism for registering the number of times
the case or cabinet is opened.
Like letters of reference indicate corresponding parts throughout the different
views.
C,
a a represent the operating key levers in front of the machine pivoted to the
bar a' supported at each end in the side frames F. Above the key levers is a bank
of wheels b carried side by side upon a common shaft c, one side of which, wheels
are formed with teeth with which engage dogs d pivoted at d¹ to each of the key
levers a. To prevent the rubbing of one wheel against its neighbour from com-
municating its motion thereto washers e are placed between them being formed
with a tongue el (Fig. 7) for entering a groove c', formed in the shaft which
latter is provided with a squared end for turning it by means of a hand key. A
spring washer is provided at one end of the shaft for causing the necessary friction
between the wheels b for turning them with the shaft when setting them to zero.
Above the actuating wheels b is a bank of multiplying wheels f mounted so as to
turn freely upon a hollow shaft or tube g carried at each end by a separate frame /
free to rock on pivots in the side frames F. Between each of the wheels f is
placed a friction washer i formed with double tongues or notches (Fig. 6.) which
enter longitudinal grooves g cut on opposite sides of the shaft g. Each of the
wheels fis formed with a ring of teeth shaped so as to engage in locked contact
with the peripheries of the rings of the wheels b as shown and on the principle
of the well known stop work movement of Geneva watches. The rings & are cach
formed with a tooth b³ to engage with one of the notches formed between the
teeth so as to turn the wheels through the space of one tooth for each
revolution of the wheels b, the ring on each side of the tooth being bevelled off
for this purpose. The wheels fare locked in working contact with the wheels bby
means of two locking levers pivoted at to the rocking frame and connected
together by a cross bar, Fig. 9, two slots,j, being formed in the levers for
engaging with studs j fixed to each side frame F. On the circumference of
each wheel is fixed a tooth f³, Fig. 3, projecting a short distance beyond the
teeth for the purpose of setting the machine to zero, which is accomplished by
lifting the forward ends of the levers; and pushing back the rocking frame h until

page_text: •
the wheels are clear of the wheels b, as shown in Fig. 3, the slots being "then
brought into engagement with the studs. The wheels are then turned by means
of a key placed upon the square' end g attached to the hollow shaft g until all the
teeth bear against and are stopped by the bar k fixed at each end, to the side
frames F, as shown in Fig. 3. A bar pivoted at to the side frames in front of
the wheels bis then turned towards the latter into the position-shown in Fig. 3,
and the key placed" upon the square end c² of the shaft cwhich with the wheels.
is then turned in. a contrary direction to that in which the wheels were turned
until the series of teeth 6, one of which is formed on each toothed wheel b' comes into
contact with and is stopped by the upper edge of the bar l. Each of the wheels b
and are thus brought into their "zero" position ready for a fresh start, the
locking levers being raised and the wheels f pulled over into working contact
with the wheels in which position they are, locked by engaging the slots of the
levers with the studs, the bar / being turned out of contact with the wheels b so
as to rest against the stops 12.
"
!
A series of levers in corresponding to the number of wheels fis pivoted on the
common shaft m', the rear ends of these levers being connected by rods or wires n
to levers carrying tablets n for indicating the key lever that is struck and
consequently the sum registered. The forward arms of the levers m are weighted
and are forced upwards by the curved ends a³ of the actuating. levers a upon the
corresponding key lever depressed. The levers n' are pivoted to studs n³ screwed
to a bar secured to the side frames F.
:
The tablets when raised can be seen through the glass openings o on either side
of the case or cabinet C (Fig. 8) and are kept in their raised position by means
of a link swing rod p pivoted at p to the side frames, the forward arms of the
levers m being curved so as when raised to force back the swing rod p which then
immediately catches the end of the lever; the rapid action of the rod p being
insured by means of a spring p². To ensure the tablets dropping at the proper
time and also to check the correct working of the register, the forward arm of a
common lever g pivoted to the key spindle, a¹ is arranged underneath the key
levers à so as to be operated on the actuation of any one or more of said key
"levers.
i...
The rear end of the lever g is extended upwards and carries a gravity lever,
pivoted at, to the end of which is pivoted a roller which comes in contact with
a curved path or projection p³ formed in a recessed portion of a swing rod when
the rear end of the lever y is raised by the depression of one of the keys as shown
in dotted lines in Fig. 1.
P
By means of this action the swing rod p is pushed clear of the levers m, thus
permitting the forward arms of the latter and consequently the tablets to fall.
A piu fixed to the lever r, by bearing against the lever 9 prevents the lever r
from dropping more than a certain distance but permits of its rising when brought
into contact with the curved projection p³.
By means of this arrangement if only a partial stroke of the keys is made no
tablet will be visible and consequently it can be at once seen if the machine is being
incorrectly worked. The lever q is also used to sound a gongs by means of a
clapper fixed to a spring & secured to the lever t is a universal key running
along the front of the machine and likewise pivoted to the key spindle a' for
registering such sums as three farthings, one halfpenny or one farthing as may be
required, or more than one such key may be used or it may be divided into two or
more parts so that with one hand the operator can readily depress an ordinary key
.lever simultaneously with the universal key lever and thus add one halfpenny
or other fractional amount appearing on said universal key lever to the amount
on the ordinary key lever with which it was simultaneously depressed, this universal
key lever actuating the wheels b and f in the same manner as the ordinary key
levers a.
In order to automatically lock the keys a when any one of the wheels
has completed a full revolution, the aforesaid tooth f³ fixed to each of the wheels
comes into contact with and operates a rocking lever or bar u pivoted to the
"

page_text: 1.
rocking frame hat u¹ and running from side to side of the machine; the said lever
or bar being recessed opposite the teeth of the wheels f to permit of the latter
turning. To the rear extension u of the lever u is pivoted a link the lower end
of which is connected to one arm of the bell crank, the other arm being
connected by a link or rod v to the short arm of another bell crank the long-
arm of which terminates in a hook which normally holds a pivoted locking bar
clear of the common lever.q.
Upon the tooth striking the rocking lever or baru the extension is raised
and consequently the hook v³ is likewise raised thus releasing the locking bar *.
which is then caused to turn on its pivots by means of a coiled spring and thereby
wedges the common lever so as to prevent any of the key levers being operated.
For the purpose of unlocking the key levers by resetting the locking bar o a link w
is pivoted at-w to the rocking frame h on the other side of the machine as shown
in Fig. 8, the lower end of said .link being connected to the long arm of a bell
crank the short arm of which is pivoted to one end of a link the other end of
which is formed with a slot and connected to the corresponding end of the locking
bar; thus when the rocking frame h is moved backwards for setting the wheels to
zero the link y is likewise pulled back and the locking bar brought back into its
unlocked position.
For registering the number of times the case or cabinet has been opened, I fix
a projection upon the inner edge of the hinged front C₁ of the case (Fig. 11).
which when the said frout is closed engages with and raises a rod 2¹ connected
to a lever pivoted at 23 thus actuating a toothed wheel by means of a
pawl z. The wheel 2 turns a drum on the periphery of which are marked
numbers corresponding to the teeth of wheel 2 which are brought opposite an
opening at each stroke of the mechanism. C' is a drawer for holding the money
taken.
The circumferences of the wheels b and fare divided and marked with the various.
amounts to be registered according to the number of teeth ou the said wheels as is.
usual with machines of this description.
I propose to fix a system of advertising above the tablets and worked by a rod
or any other suitable mechanism attached to the common lever before described in.
connection with the tablets and gong.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is-
1. In a cash register and indicator the combination of frames F, key levers a,
pawls d, actuating wheels b, provided with rings 6' and teeth b' b*b*, multiplying
wheels provided with teeth f¹ƒ³, recesses f, and supported in pivoted frames h,
and adapted to be put into or out of engagement with the said actuating wheels b,
by locking levers j, an universal key or keys t, levers m, rods n, tablet carrying
bell crank levers n', link swing rod p, formed with a recess p, spring p³, a.
common lever q, provided with a gravity lever r, and wheel, a rocking lever u u³,
link u, bell crank v, rod v', bell crank, locking bar e, a link w, bell crank
lever x, link y, washers e and i, bars I and k, and drawer C², all constructed
and arranged for the purposes and substantially in the manner herein before described
and illustrated.
"+
2. In a cash register the combination with key levers a, provided with pawls d,.
actuating wheels b, mounted upon a common shaft c, and provided with rings 6³,
teeth bbb, multiplying wheels provided with teeth f³, recesses ³, and
mounted on hollow shaft or tube g, supported in a pivoted frame h, locking levers j
formed with slots, studs, bars and k, and washers e and i, all constructed
and arranged for the purposes, and substantially as described and illustrated.
3. In a cash register and indicator the combination with the key levers a, of
5 levers m, rods n, tablet carrying bell crank levers n', a link swing rod p, formed
with a recess p³, a common lever 9 provided with a gravity lever r, and wheel r¹,

page_text: all constructed and arranged for the purposes, and substantially as described and
illustrated.
4. In a cash register means for locking or unlocking the keys consisting of a
locking lever u u³, link u, bell crank v, rod v¹, bell crank, locking bar b', a link w,
bell crank lever x, and link y, all constructed, arranged, and actuated for the
purposes and substantially as described and illustrated.
5. In a cash register and combination with key levers a one or more universal
key levers tadapted and arranged for the purpose and substantially as described
and illustrated.
F. G. CASSELL,
Of Cassell & Co.,
22, Glasshouse Street, Regent Street, London, W.,
Agent for the Applicant.