Year: 1898

page_text: I, WILLIAM GRAHAM BABCOCK, of 365, Quincy Street, in the Borough of
Brooklyn, County of Kings, New York, Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particu-
larly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
of
My invention is an improvement in the escapement mechanism
type-writing machines; and it consists in a device for increasing the speed of
the carriage and for reducing the force necessary to operate the escapement.
In the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification, I have
shown my invention applied to a Remington type-writer, but a workman skilled
in type-writer construction will readily adapt the invention to each of the various
styles of type-writing machines known to the art. I have shown an escaj ement-
wheel cooperating with my improved device: but any other style of rack is equally
adapted to co-operate therewith-as, for instance, a straight rack. I use the termis
rack" and "escapement-wheel" interchangeably herein, the former being generic
and the latter specific and included within the genus "rack." In the claims where
I employ the term "rack" I intend to include within the meaning of that term
escapement-wheels and all known styles of racks. In the machine which I show
the paper is mounted upon and feeds with the carriage; but of course my inven-
tion is applicable to other carriages-as, for example, those which support and
feed the printing mechanism.
In the drawings only such parts are shown as are necessary to illustrate my
invention.
Fig. 1 is a vertical cross-section of the rear part of the type-writer, taken
through the escapement mechanism. Fig. is EL
view of a portion of the escape-
ment mechanism seen from the rear of the machine at right angles to Fig. 1.
Figs. 3, 4, and 5 are positional top views of certain parts of the escapement.
Figs. 6, 7, and 8 are positional side views corresponding, respectively, to
Figs. 3, 4, and 5.
The feed rack 1 is mounted on the carriage 2 and engages with pinion 3. The
pinion is fastened to the inner end of a shaft journaled in bracket 4, and the
escape-wheel 5 is mounted on the outer end of the shaft. Escape-
wheel 5 is referred to broadly in the accompanying claims by the term
66 rack." The dog-rocker 6 is ivoted on dependent bracket 7. The dog-rocker
is provided with two pivoted dogs 8 and 9, which alternately engage and diz-
' ''

page_text: engage with the escapement-wheel, so as to permit the escapement-wheel to
rotate step by step under the impulse of the mainspring (not shown) and thus
feed the carriage. Dog 8 engages with the escapement-wheel during the normal
unused condition of the machine. This dog is of the usual style and spring pressed
in the usual manner by spring 10. So long as dog 8 is engaged with the escape-
ment wheel it is drawn to the limit of its forward movement in contact with
screw 11.
Dog 9 is normally out of engagement with the escapement-wheel. Upon de-
pression of any type-key (not shown) for printing the dog-rocker is rotated on
its axis 12 and the dogs are moved inward, so that dog 8 is disengaged from the
escapement-wheel and dog 9 simultaneously engaged therewith. Dog S is then
spaced backward by spring 10 away from screw 11 and into position for re-engage-
ment with the next succeeding tooth of the escapement-wheel as soon as the
type-key is released. All of the above parts (excepting dog 9) are of the usual
style and operate in the usual manner, and there is the usual open space between
the adjacent edges of the two dogs.
"
In the above description I have stated that dog 8 is spaced forward by the
mainspring into contact with screw 11 and backward by spring 10 into
position for re-engagement with a succeeding tooth. By the "forward spacing
of the dog I mean the direction in which it is moved by the mainspring or other
carriage-propelling power, and by its "backward spacing" I means its movement
in the direction opposite to that in which it is spaced by the mainspring. The
same definitions will also apply to the swivelling or spacing of dog 9 on the dog-
rocker, which swivelling will be hereinafter fully described.
From the above definition it will be seen that I apply the terms " forward"
and backward" to the movements of the dogs upon their pivots. The dog-
rocker also has the usual inward and outward movement on the machine by
rotation on its axis 12, as above described. Normally or in the unused condition
of the machine the dog-rocker is moved by spring 13 to the limit of its outward
movement with stop-screw 14 in contact with bracket 7 and dog 8 engaged with
the escapement-wheel. The escapement members are then in engagement. When
a type-key is depressed, the dog-rocker is moved to the limit of its inward move-
ment, so that buffer-stop 15 contacts with bracket 7, dog 8 is disengaged from
the escapement-wheel, and dog 9 engaged therewith. The escapement members
are then disengaged.
The terms engaging" and "disengaging" members of the escapement as used
herein are intended to include an escapement where in one of the two members
has two elements, as, say, the two dogs in the drawings. The term "engagement'
designates the normal engagement of the members when the machine is at rest,
and the term "disengagement" designates the relation of the members opposite
thereto. To illustrate, the members are engaged in Fig. 1 and they are dis-
engaged in Fig. 7.
My invention comprises dog 9 and the parts connected thereto and operative
therewith. These will now be fully described and their mode of operation
clearly pointed out. Dog 9 consists of the rack engaging part 16 and the
pivotal shaft 17. It also comprises the banking-stops 18 and 19, which limit
its movement in either direction on the dog-rocker. The rack engaging part 16,
the shaft 17, and the bonking stops 18 and 19 are all formed in one piece. The
dog is journaled on the dog-rocker in bearings 20 and 21, which are cast integral
with the dog-rocker and are bored out to receive shaft 17. The dog is provided
with a flange 22 between the rack-engaging part 16 and the shaft 17, which rests
on top of journal 20 and supports the dog thereon. A collar 23 is secured on
shaft 17 below journal 21 by a pin or in any other suitable manner to prevent
the dog from accidentally being lifted up out of its proper position on the dog-
rocker. The shaft 17 is encircled by spiral spring 24. This spring is fastened
at its lower end to the shaft by passing through a small hole drilled in the
shaft to receive it or in any other suitable manner, and its upper end rests against

page_text: the outer edge of the dog-rocker. (See Fig. 2.) The spring is so tensioned that
it tends to swivel the dog or rotate it in its journal to the limit of its backward
movement with the banking-stop 18 in contact with the banking pin 25, which
pin is inserted in the top of journal 20 to engage with banking-stops 18 and 19
to limit the forward and backward movement of dog 9 on the dog-rocker.
The operation of the parts is as follows: Dog 8 normally engages with the
escapement-wheel, as is shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 6. Dog 9 is at the limit of
its backward movement on the rocker in position to engage with the tooth of
the escapement-wheel that is occupied by dog S. Upon the depression of a
type-key the rocker is rotated on its axis 12, so that dog 8 is moved inward until
disengaged from the escapement-wheel, and simultaneously dog 9 is engaged
therewith. The pull of the mainspring is then immediately transmitted through
the carriage 2, rack 1, pinion 3, and escapement-wheel 5 to dog 9 and tends to
swivel the dog on its axis 17 to the limit of its forward movement on the rocker.
with banking-stop 19 in contact with pin 25. If the dog-rocker is vibrated
so far inward that any part of the tooth of the escapement-wheel is in line with the
center of the pivot-shaft 17, the pull of the mainspring cannot swivel dog 9
forward, being opposed and prevented from doing so by shaft 17; but whenever
the escapement-wheel is engaged with any part of dog 9 wholly inside of the
center line of shaft 17 it tends to swivel the dog forward on the dog-rocker, so
that banking-stop 18 will be disengaged from its contact with pin 25 and banking-
stop 19 engaged therewith, as shown in Fig. 5. When banking-stop 18 and
pin 25 are in contact, the dog is at the limit of its backward move-
mont on the rocker, and when banking-stop 19 and pin 25 are in
contact the dog is at the limit of its forward movement on the rocker,
During the disengaging movement of dog 9 from the escapement-wheel the
escapement-wheel approaches nearer and nearer to the inner edge of the dog
and the mainspring exerts a constantly increasing pressure to move the dog to
the limit of its forward movement. This is so because the leverage from the
center line of shaft 17 to the point of contact with the escapement-wheel is con-
stantly increasing, with a resultant increase of the leverage acted on by the main-
spring to move the dog. The spring 24 exerts a constant light pressure to
maintain dog 9 at the limit of its backward movement on the rocker, with bank-
ing-stop 18 in contact with banking-pin 25, and consequently the escapement-
wheel has to engage with the dog at some little distance inside of the pivotal line
of shaft 17 before the mainspring can exert sufficient pressure to overcome the
tension of spring 24 and move banking-stop 19 into engagement with pin 25.
In order to obtain the best results as to speed of the carriage-feed and lightness
of action of the escapement, the distance between the outer edge of dog 8 and
the center line of shaft 17 should be slightly greater than the width of the
teeth of the escapement-wheel and buffer-stop 15 should be so adjusted that the.
dog rocker cannot be moved inward far enough to quite bring the outer edge of
the escapement wheel to the center line of shaft 17. If the parts are made and
adjusted as above indicated, the carriage will start forward slightly during the
down stroke of the type-keys, the banking-stop 18 starting slightly away from
pin 25, as shown in Fig. 4, during the printing stroke, and as soon as the key
is released dog 9 will be spaced to the limit of its forward movement, the pressure
of the mainspring overcoming the light backward pressure of spring 24. The
carriage moves forward with the escapement-wheel while dog 9 is being dis-
engaged until the dog is wholly disengaged, and then it is free to finish its letter-
space-feeding movement and is brought to rest by the contacting of dog 8 with
stop-screw 11 in the usual manner. It is also apparent that during the disengage-
ment of dog 9 from the escapement-wheel the inclined face which the dog
presents to the escapement-wheel acts as a camming-surface, whereby the pull
of the mainspring is utilized, in conjunction with the spring 13, to restore the
dog-rocker to its normal position, or, in other words, to reengage the escapement
members.

page_text: Attention is called to the fact that if the outer edge of dog 8 and the center line
of shaft 17 are too far apart relatively to the width of the escapement-wheel thero
will be to much feed of the carriage prior to the printing that there is apt to be
a blur in the print. The distances chosen should preferably be such that while
the liability of blurring is not too great the mainspring may be brought into
action at all parts of the feeding movement that dog 9 is engaged with the
escapement-wheel, so as to space dog 9 forward and to cam the spacing-rocker
backward, as above described. With the assistance of my invention, if preferred
and if the parts are properly balanced and the distances properly adjusted, th
spring may be discarded altogether and the mainspring alone utilized to re-
engage the escapement members after the printing.
Attention is also called to the fact that, while increasing the distance between
the outer edge of dog 8 and the center line of pivot-shaft 17 increases the lia-
bility to blur the print, it also increases the speed of the carriage feed. Hence
these distances may be differently adjusted to suit the preferences of different
operators. Another method of increasing the speed of the carriage-feed con-
sists in so adjusting the two dogs relatively to one another that each dog may
perform any desired portion of that feed. I have provided adjusting screw 11
for this purpose. This screw may be so adjusted that at the end of the printing
stroke at the instant of printing the carriage will be in the same position that it
was in at the beginning of the printing stroke, or it may be so adjusted that at
the end of the printing stroke the carriage may have fed one-fourth, or one-
half, or any other desired portion of its letter-space feed; but if the screw 11
is not set so that the carriage is free to feed through any great part of the
letter-space prior to the printing, then, while the speed of the escapement and
of the carriage is increased, the danger of blurring the print is also proportionally
increased, as above described.
Another feature to which I wish to call attention is that the carriage may be
spaced backward by the aid of dog 9 as well as forward. As is customary, dog 8
is disengaged from the escapement-wheel at about the middle, or, later, in the
printing stroke of the type-keys. Under these circumstances one of two things
inust happen--either the carriage will be fed forward, carrying the escapement-
wheel and dog 9 with it, until banking-stop 19 contacts with pin 25, and then
during the remainder of the printing stroke the carriage will be cammed back-
ward, the escapement-wheel travelling backward along the inclined face of
dog 9, presented to it, or else the printing stroke must be so quick that the
carriage will have very little time to space forward. Therefore if the legato or
improper printing stroke is used the carriage will feed forward and then back-
ward, but will be in the proper position at the instant of printing, whereas it
the staccato or proper printing stroke is used the carriage will be in the proper
position at the instant of printing and will be instantly partially released and
the mainspring will be utilized to aid in restoring all the moving parts to their
normal positions. The action of the mainspring or other carriage propelling
power also imparts a repulsive effect to the type-key, which greatly assists the
operator in lifting his finger after the printing stroke.
The feature of swivelling a dog while it is in engagement with the rack and of
thereby causing it to present an inclined face to the rack, whereby the means
enrployed to effect the swivelling (as, say, the carriage-propelling power) is
utilized to disengage the dog from the rack and to feed the escapement and the
carriage and also to retract them and to impart an impulse to the key to lift
it, etc., I believe to be broadly new. Heretofore fixed dogs have been in use
in type-writer escapements having two faces-viz., a face in a plane at right
angles to the direction of the escapement feed and a beveled edge. With that
style of dog the rack and carriage are held stationary during the printing by the
engagement of the rack with the plane face of the dog, and after the printing
the carriage and the escapement are partially released for their feeding movement
by the engagement of the rack with the beveled edge during the disengagement

page_text: of the dog from the rack. This has resulted in a light running and speedy
escapement; but in using the same the difficulty is encountered that the beveled
dog, being fixed on its holder and immovable thereon, is apt to butt against the
sides of the rack-teeth in fast work. This is because the carriage does not always
have time to feed through the whole of the letter space after the release of one
key and before the blow on another. My herein-described improvement obviates
this difficulty by giving to the normally disengaged dog an independent swive!
ling movement on the dog-rocker, whereby the dog spaces backward as soon as it
is wholly disengaged from the rack. Hence in my escapement the carriage feeds
forward and simultaneously the dog swivels backward while they are disengaged
from each other, and consequently the dog is brought into position for reengage-
ment with the next tooth of the rack more rapidly than it is possible to position
the fixed beveled-edge dogs heretofore in use.
I have shown the rack engaging face of dog 9 in a plane which cuts directly
across the center line of pivot-shaft 17. In case the dog is made in this manner
it is advisable to bevel the edges of the teeth of the escapement-wheel for the
reason that after dog 9 is disengaged from the wheel while it is swivelling back-
ward it closes in or narrows down the distance between itself and dog 8, and con-
sequently unless the edges of the teeth are beveled the dog in swivelling backward
throws down onto the teeth. If it is not desirable to bevel the edges of the rack-
teeth which engage with the dog, the difficulty above mentioned can be readily
overcome by forming the rack-engaging face of the dog off from the center line of
the pivot to right of that line on flange 22 in Fig. 2.
In this specification and in the claims I use the terms "feeding movement of
the escapenient" and "feeding movement of the carriage." By "feeding move-
ment of the carriage" I refer to the step-by-step advancement of the carriage for
letter-spacing. The "feeding movement of the escaj.ement" also refers to the
step-by-step advancement of feeding member of the escapement in letter-spacing.
In the escapement of course only one of the members is fed, and, therefore the
term feeding movement of the escapement" does not signify necessarily any
advancement of the escapement as a whole, but only the advancement of such
parts or that member of the escapement which advances in conjunction with the
carriage to effect the letter-space feed for printing.
I also believe the invention of pivoting a dog on its holder and providing it
with EL limited movement thereon and positioning it 80 that its free
end faces the rack and providing means to move the holder SO that
the dog can be moved bodily toward and into engagement with the rack,
first the free end and then the pivoted end, to be broadly new.
The construction
is such that one and the same dog performs the function of a detaining dog in
holding the carriage during the printing and the functions of a camming-dog
in retracting the carriage prior to the printing and in. reengaging the escape-
ment members after the printing and the function of the spacing-dog in permitting
feed of the carriage by yielding on its axis to the pull of the mainspring.
"
I intend that buffer-stop 15 shall be so adjusted as to perform the function of
a repulser." In order to accomplish this result, the buffer-stop should be so
adjusted as to contact with bracket 7 slightly before the type-key is fully
depressed. Its result is then to prevent any further vibration of the dog-rocker 6,
so that in order to fully depress the key the key-lever has to be flexed and, then,
owing to its resiliency, the key-lever becomes a repulser and tends to lift the
key and to restore the printing member or type-bar (which is connected with
the key in the usual manner) to its normal position.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. In a typewriter escapement, the combination of a rack, and an escapement
mechanism therefor having a movable dog adapted to alternately engage and

page_text: disengage with the rack, said dog being so disposed as to present its rack-en-
gaging face in one plane for engagement with the rack, and having a limited
swiveling movement, and means whereby when it is engaged with the rack it
is caused to swivel and thereby present its said face to the rack in another
plane, which said other plane is oblique to the direction of the feeding movement
of the escapement, substantially as described.
2. In a type-writer escapement, the combination of a rack, and an escapement
mechanism therefor having a normally disengaged movable dag adapted to
alternately engage and disengage with the rack, said dog being so disposed as
to present its nack-engaging face in one plane for engagement with the rack,
and having a limited swivelling movement, and means whereby when
it is engaged with rack it is caused to swivel and thereby present
its said face to the rack in another plane, which said other plane is oblique to
the direction of the feeding movement of the escapement and permits of a partial
feed of the escapement while the dog is being disengaged from the rack, sub-
stantially as described.
3. In a type-writer escapement, the combination of a rack, an escapement
mechanism therefor having a normally disengaged movable dog adapted to
alternately engage and disengage with the rack, said dog being so disposed as
to present its rack-engaging face in one plane for engagement with the rack,
and having a limited swivelling movement, means whereby the dog when it is
engaged with the rack is caused to swivel and thereby present its said face to
the rack in another plane, which said other plane is oblique to the direction
of the feeding movenient of the escapement and means tending to prevent the
swivelling of the dog whereby the said swivelling means operates to disengage
said dog from the rack, substantially as described.
4. In a type-writer escapement, the combination of a rack, an escapement
mechanism therefor having a movable dog adapted to alternately engage and
disengage with the rack, said dog being normally disengaged and so disposed as
to present its rack-engaging face in one plane for engagement with the rack,
and having a limited swivelling movement, a key for engaging said dog with the
rack and means whereby when the dog is engaged with the rack it is caused to
swivel and thereby present its said face to the rack in another plane, which said
other plane is oblique to the direction of the feeding movement of the escapement
so that the esca ement may be fed in a reverse direction by a further depression
of the key after the dog has been swivelled, substantially as described.
5. In a type-writer escapement, the combination of a rack, an escapement
mechanism therefor having a movable dog adapted to alternately engage and
disengage with the rack, said dog being normally disengaged and so disposed as
to present its rack-engaging face in one plane for engagement with the rack,
and having a limited swivelling movement, a key for engaging said dog with
the rack, means whereby when the dog is engaged with the rack it is caused to swivel
and thereby present its said face to the rack in another plane, which said other
plane is oblique to the direction of the feeding movement of the escapement
and means tending to prevent the swivelling of the dog whereby after the dog
has been swiveled the force of the swivelling means is transmitted through the
escapement to the key and operates to lift the key, substantially as described.
6. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a power driven carriage,
and an escapement to control the feed thereof comprising a rack and escapement
mechanism therefor having a pivoted, spring-pressed dog which is normally out
of engagement with the rack but is adapted to engage therewith, said dog being
so disposed as to normally present its engaging face to the rack in a plane sub-
stantially at right angles to the direction of the feeding movement of the escape-
ment, and having a limited swivelling movement, whereby when it is engaged with
the rack the carriage propelling power causes it to swivel on its axis and thereby
present its said face to the rack in a plane oblique to the direction of the feeding
movement of the escapement, substantially as described.

page_text: 7. In a type-writer escapement, the combination of a rack, and an escapement
mechanism therefor having a swivelling dog adapted to alternately engage and
disengage with the rack, said dog being provided with a limited movement and
positioned with its swivelling end facing the rack, means for moving the dog
bodily toward and into engagement with the rack, first its swivelling end and
then its pivotal part, whereby the pivotal part controls the rack when the rack
and the dog are fully engaged, and the swivelling end permits a feeding movement
of the escapement while the rack and the dog are being disengaged from each
other, substantially as described.
8. In a type-writing machine the combination of a power-driven carriage,
and an escapement to control the feed thereof comprising a rack which feeds
in conjunction with the carriage, and an escapement mechanism therefor having
a pivoted, spring-pressed dog that is normally out of engagement with the rack
but is adapted to engage therewith, said dog being positioned with its spring-
pressed end facing the rack, means for moving the dog bodily toward and into
engagement with the rack, first its spring-pressed end and then its pivotal part,
whereby the pivotal part controls the carriage when the rack and the dog are
fully engaged, and the spring-pressed end yields to the force of the carriage-
propelling power and thereby permits a feeding movement of the carriage while
the rack and the dog are being disengaged from each other, substantially as
described.
9. In a typewriter escapement, the combination of two engaging members,
one of which comprises an element that normally engages with the other member
and a normally disengaged element, and a carriage controlling obliquely swivelling
feeding-face on the normally-disengaged element, substantially as described.
10. In a type-writer escapement, the combination of two engaging members,
one of which comprises an element that normally engages with the other member
and a normally disengaged element, and a carriage controlling obliquely-swivelling
feeding-face on the normally disengaged element, which swivelling face is wider
than the normally-engaged part of the other member, substantially as described.
11. In a typewriter escapement, the combination of two engaging members,
one of which comprises an element that normally engages with the other member,
a normally-disengaged element with a carriage-controlling obliquely-swivelling
feeding-face adjacent to the normally-engaged element, and an open space between
the two said elements, said swivelling face and open space together being wider
than the width to which the normally-engaging element enters into the other
member.
12. In a type-writer escapement, the combination of two engaging members,
one of which comprises an element that normally engages with the other member
and that is provided with a carriage-holding face parallel with the holding face
or faces with which it engages in the other member, a normally-disengaged
element, and a carriage-controlling, obliquely-swivelling feeding-face on the nor-
mally-disengaged element, substantially as described.
13. In a type-writer escapement, the combination of two engaging members,
one of which comprises an element that normally engages with the other member,
and that is provided with a carriage-holding face parallel with the holding face
or faces with which it engages in the other member, a normally-disengaged
element, and a carriage-controlling obliquely-swiveling feeding-face on the
normally disengaged element, which swivelling face is wider than the normally-
engaged part of the other member, substantially as described.
14. In a ty e-writer escapement, the combination of two engaging members,
one of which comprises an element that normally engages with the other member
and that is provided with a carriage-holding face with the holding face or faces
with which it engages in the other member, a normally disengaged element with
a carriage-controlling obliquely-swivelling feeding-face adjacent to the normally-
engaged element, and an open space between the two said elements, said swivelling

page_text: face and open space together being wider than the width to which the normally-
engaging element enters into the other member.
15. In a type-writer escapement, the combination of two engaging members
which can be disengaged and reengaged, one of which comprises an element
that is normally out of engagement with the other member but is adapted to
engage therewith, and is provided with an engaging face parallel with
the corresponding engaging face or faces of the other member, means for
engaging said element with the other member, and means for swivell-
ing the engaging face of said element into an oblique position relatively
to the said face or faces of the other member, the construction and operation being
such that said element holds the escapement under control while it is fully
engaged with the other member, but permits a gradual feeding movement of the
escapement during the disengagement of said element from the other member,
substantially as described.
a
16. In a type-writing machine the combination of an escapement, a key to
operate the escapement, a printing member, a connection between the key and
the printing member whereby the printing member is operated by the key to
effect the printing, a carriage that is spaced under control of the escapement,
carriage-controlling obliquely-swivelling feeding element for releasing the carriage
during disengagement of said element from the other member of the escapement,
means for advancing the carriage when so released, and a connection between the
carriage-advancing means and the printing member, through the escapement and
the key whereby the printing member is started toward normal position by aid
of the carriage-advancing means, substantially as described.
17. In a type-writing machine, the combination of an escapement. a key
to operate the escapement, a repulser for the key, a carriage that is spaced under
control of the escapement, a carriage-controlling obliquely-swivelling feeding
element for releasing the carriage during the disengagement of said element
from the other member of the escapement, means for advancing the carriage when
so released, and a connection between the carriage-advancing means and the
key, through the escapement, when the key is depressed, whereby the key is
started back to its raised position by aid of the carriage-advancing means and the
repulser, substantially as described.
18. In a type-writing machine, the combination of an escapement, a key to
operate the escapement, a repulser for the key, a type-bar, a connection between
the key and the type-bar whereby the type-bar is operated by the stroke of the
key to effect the printing, a carriage that is spaced under control of the escape-
ment, a normally-disengaged carriage-controlling obliquely-swivelling feeding-dog
for releasing the carriage during the disengagement of said dog from the rack
member of the escapement, a carriage-mainspring for advancing the carriage when
so released, and a connection between the carriage-mainspring and the key and
the type-bar, through the escapement, when the key is depressed, whereby the
key is raised and the type-bar started back to normal position by aid of the
carriage-mainspring and the repulser, substantially as described.
19. In a type-writer escapement, the combination of two engaging members,
one of which comprises an element that normally engages with the other member
and a normally disengaged element, a carriage controlling obliquely-swivelling
feeding-face on the normally disengaged element, and means for adjusting the
portion of the escapement-feed performed under control of each of said elements,
Eubstantially as described.
20. In a type-writer escapement, the combination of a dog-rocker, a pivoted
dog mounted thereon with a limited movement, an impulse-spring which spaces
the dog backward on the recker, means for vibrating the rocker and for thereby
engaging the dog with the rack member of the escapement, first the free end and
then the pivotal end of the dog, whereby when the dog is fully engaged with the rack
the said impulse-spring resists the carriage-propelling power and holds the dog
in its backward position, but the carriage-propelling power overcomes the impulse-

page_text: spring and spaces the dog forward while the dog is being disengaged from the
rack member, substantially as described.
21. In a type-writer, the combination with a spaced member and an escapement
comprising two members, the one member having a rack and the other member
having a moving part which is engaged with and disengaged from the rack,
of means for moving the spaced member in one direction and the moving part
in the escapement mechanism in the one direction, which means are antagonistic
during the engagement of the said rack and part, the means for moving the
spaced member acting upon the moving member of the escapement mechanism,
and tending to move it with a force varying at different periods of the said engage-
ment, substantially as described.
22. In a typewriter, the combination with a carriage and an escapement
therefor comprising a rack and a dog which is engaged with and disengaged
from the rack, of a carriage-propelling spring which acts upon the dog when the
rack is in engagement therewith and tends to move it with a force varying at
different periods of the engagement, and an impulse-spring acting upon the
dog in opposition to the carriage-spring, substantially as described.
23. In a type-writer escapement, the combination of two engaging members,
one of which can be spaced step by step, and one of which is provided with a
moving part that engages with and is disengaged from the other member,
means for feeding the spaced member in one direction, means for spacing the said
moving part in one direction, which means are antagonistic during the engage-
ment of the said moving part and other member, the means for feeding the
spaced member acting upon the moving part and tending to move it with a force
varying at different periods of the said engagement, substantially as described.
24. In a type-writer escapement, the combination with a spaced member and
an escapement mechanism having a swiveled dog therein which is engaged with
and disengaged from the spaced member, of a mainspring for the spaced member,
and an impulse-spring holding the swiveled dog rearwardly against the tension
of the mainspring when the dog and spaced member are in full engagement,
substantially as described.
25. In a type-writer escapement, the combination with a spaced member and
an escapement mechanism having a swiveled dog therein, which is engaged with
and disengaged from the spaced member, of a mainspring for the spaced member
and an impulse-spring acting when the dog and spaced member are in engage-
ment upon the dog to oppose and neutralize the mainspring, dependent upon
the point of engagement between the dog and the spaced member, substantially
as described.
ROBERT E. PHILLIPS, Assoc. M. Iust. C.E., M.I. Mech. E.,
Chartered Patent Agent,
70, Chancery Lane, London, W.C. Associate Agent.