IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED FOR BORING AND TAPPING AND TRIMMING SERVICE PIDES OR COCKS THERETO WATER
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Upward, of the Chartered Gas Company,
146, Goswell Road, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED FOR BORING AND TAPPING
AND TRIMMING SERVICE PIDES OR COCKS THERETO
Gio in WATER MO
Sealed the 5th July 1867, and dated the 19th January 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Upward at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
January 1867.
I, ALFRED UPWARD, of the Chartered Gas Company, 146, Goswell Road,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED FOR BORING AND
TAPPING GAS AND WATER MAINS, AND IN FITTING SERVICE PIPES OR COCKS
THERETO," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus used for boring
and tapping gas and water mains, and in fitting service pipes or cocks thereto,
and the Invention is applicable to the cylinder, piston, drill, boring bits, and
taps at present in use. The drill and screw-tapping apparatus are passed

page_text: through the centre of the piston in the cylinder, and made to fit gas and
water tight; the piston is also made to fit gas and water tight in the
cylinder, in which is a spring to hold the piston in any desired position, so as
to enable the operator to keep the boring bit on the burrs at the sides of the
hole until they are removed. On one side of the cylinder there is a hollow
chamber containing a slide, which is made to move out of the hollow chamber
and across the cylinder after the hole is made and the piston has been brought
up just above the hollow chamber.
In order to fix a service pipe or cock into the tapped hole in a main
I employ the following method, viz., an elastic cap of vulcanized india-
rubber is drawn over and made to fit tightly on the upper part of the cylinder;
this cap is provided with a hole in the centre, through which a short piece of
service pipe or a cock as the case may be is passed, the slide being withdrawn
from across the cylinder into the hollow chamber the pipe or cock is pressed
down and screwed into the main. Before the short piece of service pipe is
screwed into the main it is to be provided with a plug or wafer of wax or
other matter readily removed by heat, and after the connection of the service
is finished this plug or wafer is removed by the application of a small amount
of heat. In order to perform the operation of tapping gas or water mains in
a very limited space I employ a telescopic screw which forms a part of the
cross head, and can be elongated to any desired length to press down the drill
ar boring bit and tap to any required depth.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alfred Upward in the Great Seat Patent Office on the
19th July 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED
UPWARD, of the Chartered Gas Company; 146, Goswell Road, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Alfred Upward, Her special licence that I, the said Alfred Upward, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Alfred
Upward, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree

page_text: with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might, make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
USED FOR BORING AND TAPPING GAS AND WATER MAINS, AND IN FITTING SERVICE
PIPES OR COCKS THERETO," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Alfred Upward, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Upward, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus used for boring
and tapping gas and water mains and in fitting service pipes or cocks thereto,
and is appliable to the cylinder, piston, drill, boring bits, and taps at present
in use. The drill and screw tapping apparatus are passed through the centre
of the piston in the cylinder and made to fit gas and water tight; the piston
is also made to fit gas and water tight in the cylinder, in which is a spring to
hold the piston in any desired position so as to enable the operator to keep
the boring bit on the burrs at the sides of the hole until they are removed.
On one side of the cylinder there is a hollow chamber containing
which is made to move out of the hollow chamber and across the cylinder after
the hole is made and the piston has been brought up just above the hollow
chamber.
a slide
In order to fix a service pipe or cock into the tapped hole in a main
I employ the following method, viz., an elastic cap of vulcanized india-
rubber is drawn over and made to fit tightly on the upper part of the cylinder;
this cap is provided with a tube in the centre through which a short piece of
service pipe or a cock, as the case may be, is passed, the slide being withdrawn
from across the cylinder into the hollow chamber, the pipe or cock is pressed
lown and screwed into the main; before the short piece of service pipe is
screwed into the, main it is to be provided with a plug or wafer of wax or
other matter readily removed by heat or otherwise, and after the connection
of the service is finished this plug or wafer is removed by the application

page_text: Figure 1 is a side elevation of the apparatus erected on a pipe ready for
use; Figure 2 is an end elevation; and Figure 3, a side view, partly in section,
of the same:
4, a, is a gas or water pipe; it is represented of a comparatively small size,
but the apparatus is applicable to pipes of any dimensions, however large; b is a
metal standard clamped to the pipe by means of a cross bar c having chains d, d,
connected to it on either side; these chains catch a double claw e underneath
the pipe, and they are drawn taut by means of the screw and nut f; g is a
cylinder formed in one piece with the standard b, it rests at its lower end on
the pipe to be operated on, and it is cut to a V form so as to take a firm
bearing on the pipe whatever may be its diameter; the under side or foot of
the standard is also made of a similar V form. h is the drill and cutter
fixed at the lower end of the spindle h¹, which also has a screw tap h formed
upon it immediately above the drill and cutter; i is a piston or plunger which
by a leather packing is made to work water or gas tight in the cylinder g;
through the centre of the piston or plunger i the stem h¹ passes and it fits it
gas and water tight; k is a binding screw passing through the upper part of
the piston or plunger i, and binding it to the spindle h¹ when required; the
spindle is squared at its upper end to receive a ratchet, brace, or other
instrument for turning it, and is pressed down towards the pipe to be bored
and tapped by means of the stud 1; this stud 1 has a screw thread at its
upper end which works with a corresponding thread formed in the interior
of the short tube m, and this also has a screw thread formed on its exterior
at its upper end, and engaging with a screw thread within another short
tube n, which in turn in a similar way works within a screw socket b
at the upper end of the standard b; each of these external screws is
prevented from working out of the corresponding internal or female screw
by suitable stops at the ends of the latter. In this way it will be seen

page_text: that a system of telescopic screws is formed, so that by turning the stud it
can be caused to bear and press constantly upon the top of the spindle h¹,
and is capable of following it up as it descends for any distance which in
practice can be required, is a hole bored in the stud 7 to receive the
instrument by which it is turned; o is a spiral spring within the cylinder g
and made fast at its lower end to the side of the cylinder. At its upper end
it presses on the under side of the plunger or piston i. It serves to prevent
the cutter h dropping down too rapidly when it first passes through the pipo
and maintains it at its proper working level whilst the hole is completed,
the spindle h¹ being at this time clamped to the piston i by the set screw k;
p is a chamber or hollow casting bolted to the side of the cylinder g, it contains
a valve g with a rack on the back of it with which a pinion r gears, the axis,
of this pinion passes through a stuffing box to the exterior of the chamber p
and there receives a suitable head or handle by which it can be turned:
A slot is formed in the side of the cylinder g corresponding with the mouth of
the chamber p, so that when the piston or plunger i is raised the valve may
be moved forward into the cylinder 9 so as to close it gas and water tight,
or sufficiently nearly so; s is a band of vulcanized india-rubber sprung around
the lower end of the cylinder g to make a gas-tight joint between it and the
pipe. a. When water pipes are being bored this ring is not used but other
means herein-after described are resorted to to obtain a water-tight joint, and
for gas a luting of clay may be substituted for the bands. The apparatus
is employed in the following manner:-The standard 6 is set up and clamped
to the pipe in such a position as to bring the cylinder 9 concentric with the
hole it is desired to bore; the spindle h¹ is then passed through the plunger
or piston i, and together they are introduced into the cylinder g in the
positions in which the Drawings show them, and the parts are locked together
by the binding screw k, and the stud 1 is turned until it bears upon the top
of the spindle h¹. By a ratchet brace or other instrument on the upper end
of the spindle it is rotated so as to cause the drill at its lower end to penetrate
the pipe, the stud being turned from time to time to maintain a suitable
pressure on the upper end of the spindle. In this way the work goes on
until the workman finds that the screw tap he has entered the hole when the
binding screw k is slackened and the piston allowed to rise until the pressure
of the spring underneath it is relieved and the tapping of the hole is proceeded
with. When the tap bas penetrated a sufficient distance, of which the
workman will readily be able to judge, he withdraws the tap by turning it
in the contrary direction and raises it up into the plunger or piston i the

page_text: valve is then closed across the cylinder; the edges of this valve as it
moves forward are guided by and held in a guide groove formed within the
cylinder; after the valve is closed the tool and piston are removed together.
Supposing it to have been a gas pipe which bas been thus bored and tapped
and that it is desired to screw a tap or a length of pipe into the hole a vul-
canized india-rubber cap t is employed, such as is shown in section at Figures 4,
it is sprung over the end of the pipe u in the manner shown or over the end of
the tap, as the case may be, and the end of the pipe or tap is closed with a wafer
of wax; the lower end of the cap t is sprung over the top of the cylinder g and
so form an air-tight joint between it and the pipe or tap; the valve 1 is now
opened, and the workman is then able without allowing any escape of the gas to
push down the pipe or tap and screw it into the tapped hole. When it is a
water pipe which is to be tapped the rim s, s, of vulcanized india-rubber is not
employed as it would not be able to resist the heavy pressure usual in water pipes,
in place thereof a brass or other metal foot is used; it fits accurately on to the
lower end of the cylinder g, and on its under side it conforms accurately to
the curve of the pipe which is to be bored. The apparatus is furnished with
a number of these feet corresponding with the different sizes of pipe on which
it is required to work, and one or other of these feet is used as may be
required. By means of a washer interposed between the foot and the pipe a
joint may be formed tight under any ordinary pressure. The boring and tapping
operation is performed in the manner already described, but before with-
drawing the tap it is necessary to secure the piston by a metal wedge, not
shown in the Drawing, inserted between the top of the piston and the upper
end of the standard 6 to prevent its being driven out by the pressure, or other
means of securing the piston may be employed; for the insertion of a cock
into the bored and tapped hole in place of the elastic capta metal cap v
shown in section at Figure 5 is employed; it is adapted to the upper end
of the cylinder g by a bayonet joint, which a washer between the parts renders
tight. A spindle w passes by a stuffing box through the top of the cap; it has
a screw plug at its lower end which receives a cock upon it. When the cap
has been adapted to its place on the top of the cylinder the valve q is opened,
and by pushing down the spindle w and then turning it round the cock x is
screwed into its place and the operation being complete the apparatus may be
removed. In some cases it may be convenient to make the apparatus without
the arrangement for applying pressure to the top of the spindle ¹ and to
apply this pressure when the instrument is in use in any way which may be
found convenient in the position where the work is being done.

page_text: What I claim is the general arrangement of the apparatus as herein
described.
Also the arrangement of a valve to shut across the cylinder in which the
piston drill and tap works, as described.
Also the combination of a cap with the cylinder at its upper end so as to
admit of a pipe or cock being screwed into the pipe without allowing the
escape of gas or water therefrom.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Upward, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.