All improved 100-making and Refrigerating Apparatus.
Year: 1885

page_text: All improved 100-making and Refrigerating Apparatus.
I HERBERT JOHN ALLISON of 52 Chancery Lane, London, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, which
has been communicated to me from abroad by Thomas Lovejoy Rankin of the
City and State of New York United States of America, and Edward Woolsey
Coit of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, United States of America,
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
This invention relates to ice-making or refrigerating apparatus, having especial
reference to the still and condenser thereof, and its main object is to provide means
whereby the ammonia gas may be driven off from the liquor ammonia and
condensed more quickly and efficiently than has been heretofore accomplished.
A further object is to so construct the refrigerator that the water will be frozen
therein more quickly than in refrigerators of ordinary construction.
To effect this, the still is made upright and no return band coils with their
numerous coupling joints, are used; the said joints being likely to leak and stop
the working of the still until the leaks are properly closed.
The invention consists mainly in the construction and novel arrangement of the
parts of the still, condenser and refrigerator hereinafter described and pointed out
in the appended claims.
The equalizer, absorber, condensed gas receiver and other parts necessary, to an
ice-machine, are all of common construction, and need not be further illustrated or
described herein.
Figure 1, represents a central vertical section of the machine, broken in parts, to
reduce the length of the view.
Figure 2 is a plan view of the base-plate of the lower section, with the attached
and accompanying parts.
Figure 3, is a plan view and an edge view of the evaporating dishes for the
ammonia water.
Figure 4 is a side view of a condenser.
Figures 5 and 6 are detail, sectional views, of the coupling of the main and
supplementary coils of the condenser.
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page_text: Figure 7, is a plan view of the freezing tank contained cans and mechanism to
agitate the same.
Figure 8, is a side view of the parts shown in figure 7, and
Figures 9 and 10 are modifications of the invention.
Referring to the drawings by letter, A designates the still divided into three
sections A A A³, each about ten feet long and which have lessening diameters as
they ascend. The lower or base section A¹, is composed of a horizontal base-
plate B, a horizontal top plate B¹, and a cylindrical shell b.surrounded on its edges
by angle irons, by means of which it is bolted to the top and bottom plates. The
diameter of this section, is preferably about thirty inches.
The base plate B has made upon it, the lugs b¹, upon which the still is supported
above the ground by legs of suitable construction.
The central section A', is of about fourteen inches in diameter, and is bolted
down on the top plate B¹; the bolt engaging through a flange C on the lower end
of the cylinder shell c. The flange C on the upper end of said section is bolted to
the flange D surrounding the lower end of the highest section A',
F is a vertical rod standing in the axis of the section A³, and having its upper
end screwing into the plate E its lower end being supported by a circular frame e,
bolted within the lower end of the section A³. The rod serves a purpose hereinafter
explained.
F is a circular dish-shaped plate, bolted at its edges with its convexity
downward, to the lower surface of the base B, and forming a chamber f,
thereunder..
GG are tubes, about four and one-half feet long, in practice, with their upper
ends closed, and their lower ends screwing into openings in the base-plate B, and
communicating with the chamber f. In practice, as many as one hundred and
twenty of these tubes may be used.
I
.
H is a tube of larger diameter than the tubes G, having its lower end screwed
into a central opening in the plate B, so as to open into the chamber f, and its
upper end, which is closed, rising to near the top of the second section A' of the
still. h is a tube of smaller diameter than, and standing in the axis of, the tube H.
The upper end of the former tube is open and rises to near the top of the latter
tube.
The tube h, at its lower end, passes through a stuffing box h¹ in the center of the
plate F and couples to a horizontal steam pipe h³, coming from any proper source
of supply.
.
The steam passes up through the tube h, then down on the outside of the same,
through the tube H to the chamber f, whence it rises in the tubes C which,
together with the base-plate B, furnish a large amount of heating surface.
The water of condensation is allowed to flow out through the pipe h³ which is
properly tapped.
I I are horizontal quadrant-shaped shallow dishes, which are provided with per-
forated bosses i, at one corner, through which bosses pass the rod F¹, upon which
the dishes are held, with their bosses in contact, their curved edges, against the
inner surface of the shell d, and their concavity upward, as shown.
(
The dishes are arranged on the rod F¹ so as to form a spiral within the section A³
and so as to have one side edge, which is not as high as the opposite side edge of
each dish, over hang the concavity of the next lower one.
J J are dishes, in all respects similar to the dishes I, but arranged by means of
their perforated bosses j, on the steam tube H from near the top of the same, to
just above the top of the tubes G.
K is the pipe through which the water of ammonia is pumped into the still
above the dishes I, and K¹ is the pipe, through which, the gas freed from said
water passes out of the still to the condenser.
'
The ammonia water as it flows in, first fills the highest dish I, which is situated
below it, and flows thence over the side overhanging the next lower dish I, to the
latter. The ammonia thus descends in the still until all the dishes I and J are

page_text: filled, and by the time it reaches the lowest dish it is well exhausted of its gas, as
it is exposed in thin sheets, and in drippings to the heat from the steam pipe H in
its descent; besides, the heat rising from the tubes G and the base-plate of the
still..
The great advantage of this construction of still is that it does away with the
return bend tubes, and their numerous couplings which are so liable to break and
stop the working of the apparatus. Should any one of the tubes G begin to leak,
the plate F can be detached and the tube plugged, without interrupting the
working of the apparatus, more than a few minutes.
L is the condenser made of the return bend coils, the pipes of which are united
at their ends by the two-pipe coupling pieces 7, the coils themselves being con-
nected by the long coupling pieces 1º.
M M are supplementary cooling coils, each composed of two tubes, united at one
end by a coupling piece m. One of the said tubes connects at the other end, by.
the three-pipe couplings m¹ to the two nearest tubes of the second coil from the
tube m' receiving the gas from the pipe K' of the still.
A partition m³ in the coupling piece m¹ separates the tube of the coil M. from
the nearest tube of the coil 1, and this partition has through it a very small
opening m as shown.
The first tube of the coil M does not connect with the three-pipe couplings m³,
but connects by a suitable coupling with a pipe N that runs from the last tube of
the coil L furthest from the gas entrance, to a proper receiver for condensed gas.
All the tubes are held together by a proper framing n and the cold water flows
into, and through a pipe N¹ which is situated along the side of the condenser,
opposite the side of the gas entrance, so that the water when it reaches the side on
which said entrance is, has received a certain amount of heat from the part of the
condenser passed over. The coils M and three-pipe couplings m¹ are all alike and
are similarly connected with the coils I, and pipe N.
The gas enters the pipe m² very hot, and the water from the trough N2 being.
hottest in the vicinity of said pipe, no condensed gas will be formed until the first
three-pipe coupling m¹ is reached.
Any liquid formed, will drop through the small opening m* into the coils M.
The said opening will admit into the coil M no more gas than the coil can cool
as it passes through to the pipe N. All of the coils M acting in the same manner,
the
gas is cooled and condensed in sinall quantities and received into the pipe N ;
the last portion of gas coming from the last coil Z.
-
The freezing cans are designated by letter G¹. These cans are arranged so as to
stand vertically in rows in a tank 01 containing the brine cooled by, and coming
from the apparatus.
OO are transverse shafts journaled on the sides of the tank 01 and having
secured to them the central parts of the double armed levers o¹ o³, the arms of
which are pivoted to brackets of secured to the bottoms of opposite cans G¹ in
adjacent rows.
PP are levers having their lower ends secured to the shafts O and their upper
ends attached to the longitudinally reciprocating bar P¹, actuated by the slotted
lever, and engine Q¹.
As the lever is vibrated, the shafts O oscillate and the levers o¹ make the cans
filled with water, move up and down in opposite directions in the brine.
By this agitation the water in the cans is frozen more rapidly than if the cans
were still.
In Figure 9, interior steam pipes x are shown in the pipes G. These pipes have
in the drawings slotted ends a¹.
In figure 10, the similar pipes are shown having openings near their lower
ends which abut on the plate F.
These pipes increase the circulation of steam and thereby render the process
shorter.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, what I claim and
desire to secure by Letters Patent is,-
First. The combination in the still of an ice or refrigerating apparatus of the
steam pipes closed at top and opening through the base-plate of the still into a
steam space thereunder, the central steam pipe rising in the axis of the still having
its top closed and opening into the, steam space below the base of the still, the
steam pipe running centrally through said space, and pipe, and having its top open,
and the dish-shaped quadrants arranged on the central steam pipe, and adapted to
receive the water of. ammonia from the upper part of the still and allow it to drip
gradually downward from one to the other, substantially as specified.
Second. In a still for an ice-machine the combination, with the section A¹, base-
plate B and dish-shaped plate F; of the steam space f, steam pipes G, central steam
pipes H and h, and means substantially as described, to cause the ammonia water
to descend slowly around the central steam pipe.
Third. In a still for an ice-machine, the combination with the casing A, made in
three sections A¹, A', and A³, respectively, and provided with the base-piece B,
ammonia water inlet K and gas outlet K¹, of the dish-shaped plate F forming a
steam space below the base-plate, the steam pipes G, H and h, the quadrant-shaped,
shallow dishes I and J, arranged substantially as described, to cause the water of
ammonia to drip gradually from one to another, as it descends.
Fourth. In an ice-making apparatus, the combination with a proper still of the
condenser L composed of the return bend coils U, the supplementary cooling coils M
connecting with the coils and with a pipe N; the three-pipe couplings m¹ pro-
vided with the diaphragms m³, having the small openings m' and the water
trough N situated on the opposite side of the condensing coil to the gas-entrance
pipe m², substantially as specified.
Fifth. In an ice-making apparatus, the combination with the brine tank O¹ and
water cans G¹ arranged to stand vertically and move freely therein, of the oscillating
shafting O, double armed levers o² and levers P vibrated by means, substantially
as specified.
Dated the 16th day of December 1885