IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM CLAY EARTHS FOR BUILDING PURPOSES, AS SUBSTITUTES FOR SUCH ARTICLES AS ARE USUALLY FORMED OF STONE AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Eccles, of Blackburn, in the County of
Lancaster, Cotton Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM CLAY EARTHS FOR BUILDING
PURPOSES, AS SUBSTITUTES FOR SUCH ARTICLES AS ARE USUALLY FORMED OF
STONE AND OTHER MATERIALS."
Sealed the 15th July 1859, and dated the 15th January 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Eccles at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
January 1859.
I, JOSEPH ECCLES, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM CLAY EARTHS FOR BUILDING
PURPOSES, AS SUBSTITUTES FOR SUCH ARTICLES AS ARE USUALLY FORMED OF STONE
AND OTHER MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is an improved manufacture of such articles
from clay earths, as cornices, mouldings, string courses, blocks, window tops
and bottoms, and other articles usually formed of stone, wood, plaster, or other.
materials..
My improved manufacture of such articles as are above described consists
as follows:-I take materials as free from impurities as possible, and after
tempering such material, mould it into the shape of the articles required,
either by expressing the material through moulding orifices, or by placing it
in mould boxes, and at the time of moulding I make hollows or perforations
of such number and extent as the shape of the articles admit of, then carefully

page_text: remove the moulded articles, so as to be readily subjected to the drying action
of currents of air, both hot and cold, produced by mechanical means by
arrangements described in the Specification of a Patent granted to me on the
Second day of December, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-seven. When thoroughly dry I place the articles in a kiln, so
arranged that every part shall be subjected to as near an uniform temperature
as possible, carefully avoiding the direct action of the flames of the furnace
upon the articles; by this means I am enabled to produce articles from elay
earths as substitutes for stone and other materials, free from cracks and other
imperfections, which have hitherto been the great objection to the use of such
articles.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Eccles in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
15th July 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH-
ECCLES, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Manufacturer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Joseph Eccles, Her especial license that I, the said Joseph
Eccles, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Joseph Eccles, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM CLAY EARTHS FOR BUILDING
PURPOSES, AS SUBSTITUTES FOR SUCH ARTICLES AS ARE USUALLY FORMED OF STONE
AND OTHER MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Joseph Eccles, for an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Eccles, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):-
The object of my Invention is an improved manufacture of such articles
from clay earths as cornices, mouldings, string courses, blocks, window tops
and bottoms, and other articles usually formed of stone, wood, plaster, or other
materials.
My improved manufacture of such articles as are above described consists
as follows:-I take materials as free from impurities as possible, and after
tempering such material mould it into the shape of the articles required,
either by expressing the material through moulding orifices, or by placing it
in mould boxes; and at the time of moulding I make hollows or perforations
of such number and extent as the shape of the articles admit of, then
carefully remove the moulded articles, so as to be readily subjected to the
drying action of currents of air, both hot and cold, produced by mechanical
means, by arrangements described in the Specification of a Patent granted to
me on the Second day of December, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-seven. When thoroughly dry I place the articles in
a kiln, as arranged that every part shall be subjected to as near a uniform
temperature as possible, carefully avoiding the direct action of the flames of
the furnace upon the articles; by this means I am enabled to produce articles
from clay earths as substitutes for stone and other materials, free from cracks
and other imperfections, which have hitherto been the great objections to the
use of such articles.
I have now particularly described the nature of my Invention, and the mode
of carrying the same into effect, and wish it to be understood that I claim as
my Invention the manufacture of articles of clay herein-before mentioned, by
moulding them with hollows or perforations, and drying and burning them,
substantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Eccles, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
JOSEPH ECCLES. (L.S.)