IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAIN CABLES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine,
Lake, & Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAIN CABLES."-A communi.
cation from abroad by Charles Alexander Chamberlin, of Camden,
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 13th July 1875.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAIN CABLES,”
a communication, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists partly in forming the inner faces of the sides
of the several links of a chain cable of greater breadth than the usual
circular form would give, whereby it is enabled better to withstand

page_text: PROCUSS
WHICH
2
faces.
It also consists in extending or carrying the broad sides to points at
the junction of the sides and bends, and in extending or carrying the
bend swells up to or beyond the junction towards the centre of the sides ō
so that there is increased thickness and depth at said points, whereby
provision is made to prevent fracture thereat.
It also consists in a flexible chain cable composed of links with
flattened bends of greater depth in line of strain.
It further consists in forming the several links of increased depth at 1
the points of junction of the sides and bends, and flattened at said points,
and of increased depth in the bends in the line of strain.
It also consists in forming the inner faces of the sides of the several
links of greater breadth than the usual circular form would give, and of
increased depth at the points of junction of the sides and bends and 18
flattened at these points.
(
It also consists in forming the inner faces of the sides of the several
links of greater breadth than the usual circular form would give, and
the bends of increased depth.
د
It further consists in a chain cable having the links formed with 20
broad inner sides, increased depth at or about the points of junction of
the sides and bends, and increased depth in the longitudinal direction of
said bends, whereby the cable is enabled to withstand the several strains
to which it is subjected.
It further consists in a link having a stud perforated and formed with 25
broad bases which serve to decrease the leverage of the thrust of the
stud, prevent unnecessary weight in the stud, and afford means for the
engagement of a chain hook.
It also consists in a chain link having a stud perforated and formed
with broad bases in combination with flattened bends containing a 30
greater area in cross section than the sides, whereby additional strength
is given to the link.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Robert Lake in the Great Scal Patent
Office on the 11th January 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patents Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of July, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Robert Lake, Her special
licence that I, the said William Robert Lake, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Robert
Lake, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IN-
PROVEMENTS IN CHAIN CABLES," a communication to me from abroad by
Charles Alexander Chamberlin, of Camden, New Jersey, United
States of America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said William Robert Lake, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Robert Lake, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawing forming a part of this Specification :-
This Invention consists partly in forming the inner faces of the
sides of the several links of a chain cable of greater breadth than the
usual circular form would give, whereby it is enabled bettor to with.

page_text: stand the tearing process or fracture to which it is subject on said inner
faces.
It also consists in extending or carrying the broad sides to points at
the junction of the sides and bends, and in extending or carrying the
bend swells up to or beyond the junction towards the centre of the sides 5
so that there is increased thickness and depth at said points, whereby
provision is made to prevent fracturo thereat.
It also consists in a flexible chain cable composed of links with
flattened bends of greater depth in the line of strain.
It also consists in forming the several links of increased depth at the 1
points of junction of the sides and bends, and flattened at said points,
and of increased depth in the bends in the line of strain.
It also consists in forming the inner faces of the sides of the several
links of greater breath than the usual circular form would give, and of
increased depth at the points of junction of the sides and bends, and 1
flattened at these points.
It also consists in forming the inner faces of the sides of the several
links of greater breadth than the usual circular form would give, and the
bends of increased depth.
It further consists in a chain cable having the links formed with 2
broad inner sides, increased depth at or about the points of junction of
the sides and bends, and increased depth in the longitudinal direction of
said bends, whereby the cable is enabled to withstand the several strains
to which it is subjected.
It further consists in a link having a stud perforated and formed with 2
broad bases which serve to decrease the leverage of the thrust of the
stud, prevent unnecessary weight in the stud, and afford means for the
engagement of a chain hook.
It further consists in a chain link having a stud perforated and
formed with broad bases in combination with flattened bends containing S
a greater area in cross section than the sides, whereby additional strength
is given to the link.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 is a side view of a bar from which the blank is produced;

page_text: are constructed.
Figure 4 is a side view of a piece of the blank from which one link is
produced.
Figure 5 is a transverse section on the line y, y, Figures 3 and 7;
Figure 6 is a transverse section on the lines, 2, Figures 3 and 7:
Figure 7 is a side view of one of the links; Figure 8 is a longitudinal
section thereof.
Figure 9 is a top view of a studded link; Figure 10 is a transverse
section thereof.
i
Similar letters indicate corresponding parts throughout the Drawing.
A represents a bar which is rolled in elliptical: form, as seen in
Figure 2. The said bar is re-rolled to produce on one of the sides b, at
certain intervals, swells B, B, the contour of which in cross section y, y,
is shown in Figure 5, and the parts intermediate to these swells may be
ovate, as shown in Figure 6, or they may be elliptical, said Figure being
a section on line,, but with the axes reversed. The broad side or
face c also extends to the points at or about the junction of the swells
and adjacent portions of the bar, so that at said points, as on lines a, a,
there is an increased depth and thickness of metal.
When the bar is bent into shape the swells B, B, occupy positions at
the ends or bends of the link, thus having increased depth longi-
tudinally, as on the line y, y, said swells reaching beyond or overlapping
the points of junction of the sides and bends so as to give increased
depth on the lines a, a.
:
It will be seen that owing to the ovate or elliptical shape of the
re-rolled bar, Figure 3; said bar when bent into shape will present an
inner face c broader than the circular form would give, whereby the
broad side or face c resists the tearing action or fracture to which it is
subjected on its inner side.
$
The tendency to fracture at the points of junction between the sides.
and bends is resisted by the increased depth of the metal on the lines a, a,
and its flattened form, which lines are near the points where fractures
generally, occur.
The tendency to fracture on the outside of the bend, due, to sudden.

page_text: jerks or strains, is resisted by the increased depth of metal at the
line y, y. The depth of the bends must not be greater than the
internal diameter thereof, in order that the links will play freely in
each other without binding, and the chain thus possess the requisite
flexibility.
In making comparison I employ as a basis the sides of an ordinary
link of round iron of equal area in cross section. By depth I mean the
direction of the plane of greatest breadth of the link. C represents a
stud or brace which is fitted between the sides of the link, and its
bases D are made broad, whereby the leverage of the thrust of the stud
is decreased. In the stud is a perforation E which serves to remove
unnecessary weight in the stud, and affords means for the engagement
of a chain hook. A close link breaks either on the outside centre of
the bend or on the inside at the point of junction of the side and
bend. A studded link breaks on the inside near the stud, therefore
the bases of the stud are extended beyond the point of fracture on the
sides.
Having thus fully described the said Invention, as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent, and the manner of performing the
same, I wish it understood that I claim,-
First. A chain cable composed of links having the broad inner faces c,
as above described and for the purpose set forth.
Second. A chain cable composed of links with increased depth at
the points of junction of the sides and bends and flattened at those
points so that the depth will be greater than the thickness, as at a, a, as
above described and for the purpose set forth.
Third. A flexible chain cable composed of links with flattened bends
of increased depth in the line of strain, as above described and for the
purpose set forth.
Fourth. A chain cable composed of links constructed with increased
depth at the points of junction of the sides and bends, as at a, a, and
flattened at said points and increased in depth in the bends in the line
of strain, as aty,y, said bends being likewise flattened, as above described
and for the purpose set forth.
Fifth. A chain cable, the links of which havo side bars with broad
inner faces c of increased depth at the points of junction of the sides

page_text: and bends, as at a, a, and flattened at said points, as above described and
for the purpose set forth.
Sixth. A chain cable, the links of which have side bars with
broad inner faces c and flattened bends of increased depth in the
line of strain, at y, y, as above described and for the purpose set
forth.
Seventh. A chain cable composed wholly or in part of links having
broad inner faces c increased in depth at or about the points of junction
of the sides and bends, at a, a, and increased in depth at the bends,
at y, y, as above described and for the purpose set forth.
Eighth. A perforated stud or brace with its bases extending beyond
the point of fracture on the sides, as above described and for the purpose
set forth.
Ninth. A chain cable having a broad based perforated stud in com-
bination with flattened bends containing a greater area in cross section
than the sides, as above described and for the purpose set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of January, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
Witness,
ROWLAND GEORGE BROWN,
8, Southampton Buildings,
London.
W. ROBT. LAKE.
(L.S.)