Improvements in or connected with Walls.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Apr., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 27th Aug., 1896-Accepted, 17th Oct., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Walls.
I, CARL JULIUS SCHULZ, of Froebelstrasse 12, Hamburg, in the Empire of
Germany, Master Mason, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The object of the present invention is an innovation in wall construction for the
purpose of attaining a drainage and continual state of dryness in walls which are
damp, or contain saltpetre, as well as in those walls where fungus is present.
The innovation has for its object the creation of a hollow space beneath the
plaster, thus rendering it possible to thoroughly drain the wall-work by the
continual circulation of air. Hollow spaces may be made also in the interior of
the wall-work.
Where the conditions of the soil give rise to a strong and continuous dampness
the whole wall is divided by a narrow air space being perforated by single bricks
for the purpose of holding the wall-work together. Slates or glass slabs are
fastened to the wall-work in such a way that they are connected to the wall only
at their corners. Otherwise a free air space is left between them and the wall-
work thus allowing the air to freely circulate behind the slates or glass slabs. In
cases where the dampness is not so great air channels are introduced into the
interior of the wall-work. Beside these channels slate or glass slabs are attached
to the wall-work, as mentioned above, at a suitable distance from each other and
then plastered.
Naturally these different methods of construction are capable of being combined
so as to correspond to the local conditions present.
This method renders it not only possible to drain the wall, but supplies an
excellent means of ventilation of the space fitted up by it.
Dated this 5th day of May 1896.
MAX WERTHEIM.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Walls.
I, CARL JULIUS SCHULZ, of 12 Fröbelstrasse, Hamburg, in the Empire of
Germany, Master Mason do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what mauner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The present invention relates to a method of draining wall and ceiling plaster
and maintaining it permanently dry, whereby at the same time sponginess and
the formation of saltpetre are impossible, and the inner air is carried off and
renewed.
In the accompanying drawings
Figs. 1, 2 and 3 are perpendicular sections of walls treated by this method,
while

page_text: The method has for its object the formation of a hollow space (c) underneath
the plaster (a), i.e., between it and the wall (b), thus securing a permanent
circulation of air. These hollow spaces form a complete and continuous layer
between wall and plaster and are produced by means of plates (d) made of slate,
glass or similar material, which are laid upon the wall-work in such a manner that
they only touch the wall-work at their corners by means of cross-pieces (e). As a
consequence the space (c) between the surfaces of the plates and the wall-work
remains perfectly free, thus allowing the air to circulate as desired.
In order to direct the circulation in a definite manner, the wall-work itself is
provided with channels (f), which, as shown in Fig. 4, are suitably arranged
diagonally over one another, and have their outlets at the ends (g' and g²). These
channels do not pass through each other at the point of contact (h), but lap round
each other, a process very easy to effect.
The channels open into the hollow space (c) and are thus directly connected with
the latter. Their purpose is to create a movement of the air in the whole of the
hollow spaces.
In Fig. 1 the system is applied to the inner side of a wall. The upper
openings (2) of the channels () are here connected with the outer air and the
lower openings (g) with the inner space.
In Fig. 2, on the other hand, the system is applied to the outer surface of a
wall, although the upper openings are also connected with the outer air and the
lower openings with the inner space. This form of construction is suited, for
instance, for the wall-work of cellars.
In providing for the drainage of the plaster, a form of construction, as shown in
Figs. 3 and 4, can be adopted with advantage for conducting the bad inner air
outside as well as smoke or such like impurities. Extra air passages (i) are
inserted in the wall-work round the hollow space (c), the channels being suitably
arranged round the whole wall along its periphery. Their openings are below
at (k) and the outlets at (2).
The system can be applied in an analogous manner for draining ceiling plaster.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1) Method of draining wall and ceiling plaster, characterised by a continuous
hollow space (c) between wall (b) and plaster (a), in which a circulation of air is
created by means of openings and outlets in the hollow space leading to the
outer air.
2) In the method described in Claim 1) the arrangement in the wall-work of
inserted channels (f) connected with the hollow spaces (c) and having their ends
opening outwards, for the purpose of creating a lively current of air in the hollow
space (c).
"
3) In the method described under Claim 1) the arrangement upon the wall-work
of plates (d), made of slate, glass etc. in such a manner that they are only attached
to the wall-work at their corners by means of cross-pieces (e), leaving however a
hollow space (c) between them and the wall-work.
4) For the purpose of renewing the inner air, and thus perfecting the arrange-
ment described under Claim 1) the arrangement of inserted chaunels (i) in the
wall-work running in a suitable manner along the periphery of the walls and
connected below with the inner space and above with the outer air.
Dated this 1st of August 1896
MAX WERTHEIM,
Agent for Applicant.