Improvements in Breech Loading Small Arms.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Apr., 1892-Accepted, 7th June, 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Breech Loading Small Arms.
I, SAMUEL NEAL MCCLEAN, residing at 221 West Washington Street in the
City of Washington, County of Washington, State of Iowa, United States of
America, Physician, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in firearms, the object being,-
1st. To increase the efficiency, accuracy and rapidity of breech loading firearms.
To provide an automatic removable magazine, an automatic cartridge carrier and
receiver, automatic shell extractors, an automatic locking device, an automatic
trigger or triggers, and a grip and operating lever actuated by the grasp of the
hand.
I
2nd. My object being to construct a repeating firearm on a new principle, the
grip of the hand is the most simple, easy, rapid and steady movement which can be
employed to actuate a repeating firearm. My object is to construct a firearm
actuated by this movement and to make the construction largely automatic.
believe that a pistol constructed on this plan will largely supplant the revolvers
now in use and obviate many of the difficulties and objections which have to do
with a revolver especially those objections which attach to the firing of a ball from
a cylinder. When the construction is applied to a rifle the simplicity and steadiness
of the grip movement and the automatic character of the device will allow the gun
The con-
to be operated with great rapidity and without disturbing the aim.
struction allows the gun to be rapidly fired, with great steadiness and without
taking the eye from the sights. This application for Letters Patent, is largely
similar to applications of mine now pending in the United States Patent Office.
The serial numbers are 1st Case 384944, 2nd Case 409191. I attain the objects
set forth in this preface by the mechanism illustrated in the accompanying drawings
in which :-
Fig. 1, represents a longitudinal sectional view of the barrel and magazine of a
firearm and a view of the construction of the operating devices in the stock or
handle of the firearm the left side of the wall or stock of the firearm being
removed and the left half of the grip lever being also removed.
:
Fig. 2, is a cross section on the line, x, Fig. 1 showing the walls of the
stock "A," the barrel "B," the magazine "C," the magazine tubes "V," end of
the grooves "35" and openings "48 in the end of the magazine.
Fig. 3, represents a section of the grip lever on lines s, s, Fig. 1 showing its body
and lateral walls. On the front side of the body "27" is seen the grip or hand
holt on which the force which actuates the operating device is exerted.
Fig. 4, is a detailed rear view of the operating lever "H" showing the
projection "2" for engagement with the automatic trigger and the pins "55" for
engagement with the main spring "M," also the bifurcated construction of the
long arms of this lever to allow the operating device to be centrally located.
Fig. 5, is a cross section on the line y, y, Fig. 1 showing the opening "50"
through which the cartridges pass from the magazine to the receiver, also the
slot "15" in which the projections "12" located on the anterior face of the
carrier "D" moves and is controlled: also the slot "47" and the spring
catches "46" which are constructed to engage with the end of the magazine and
retain the upper tube of the magazine in front of the opening "50" until, the
chamber being empty, they are released by combination with the plunger "T."
Fig. 6, is a detailed view of the locking device, showing the locking bar "P,"

page_text: TOCking pin
o, locking grooves "29," locking levers
operating lever "H."
and upper end of the
Fig. 7, is a detailed view of the cartridge carrier showing the vertical plate "D"
and the diagonal groove "10" in the same for rotating the magazine: the pro-
jection "12" and an end view of the cartridge receiver: its shell walls "E" being
open, showing also the end walls of these shell walls "E," "33."
Fig. 8, is a horizontal view of the cartridge carrier, showing the upper surface
of the horizontal plate "D1" and the slots "34" which control the reciprocating
movements of the receiver and through which the bars "32" pass to unite the
shells "E"of the receiver to the plate "S."
11 "
Fig. 9, represents a detailed illustration of the latch springs "22," showing their
latch-shaped projections "23" & "24."
Fig. 10, is a detailed illustration of the automatic shell extractors, being a
horizontal section through the firearm taken on a line with the center of the
extractors showing the breech piece with the extractors "19" attached, also the
bearings "18"
and grooves "21 and "20" illustrating the varying depths of
the grooves
"21
" and their cam action on the bearings "18."
Fig. 11, is a detailed sectional view of the cartridge carrier and receiver on the
lines, z, Fig. 1 showing the shell walls "E" of the receiver, a section through the
bars "32" connecting these walls with the reciprocating plates "S," also the hori-
zontal plate "D" of the cartridge carrier and the slots "34" in this plate through
which the connecting bars pass.
Fig. 12, is a detailed sectional view of the barrel and magazine of the firearm
with the left wall of the stock removed, the left half of the grip lever "G" and
operating lever "H" being also removed, showing the operating device in the
retracted or second position.
Fig. 13, is a perspective view of the grip lever, showing the manner in which the
grip lever conforms to the shape of the hand.
Similar letters and figures refer to similar parts throughout.
In the drawings accompanying this Specification, I have illustrated the con-
struction of my invention with reference to a repeating pistol but it will be
apparent that the operating device will be generally applicable to breech loading
firearms.
In the stock or handle of the firearm is located a chamber or receiver. The
forward end of which opens into the bore of the barrel and the upper tube of the
magazine; between the opposite walls of this chamber is located the various
devices for rotating the magazine, transferring the cartridge to the bore of the
barrel, extracting the shell, actuating and locking the breech, cocking and auto-
matically or mechanically releasing the hammer. The entire device being actuated
and operated by a grip lever and an operating lever.
"
The grip lever " "G as illustrated in Fig. 1, 3, & 12 is a broad "U" shaped
lever having a body and lateral walls, the anterior part of the body of this
lever "G" "27" Fig. 1 is constructed to form a grasp or hand holt, on which the
actuating force is exerted. It is of a shape required to conform to the shape of
the hand, being broad and oval. The lateral walls or sides are constructed to
conform to and be controlled by the walls of the chamber and are separately
pivoted to the walls "25," Fig. 1, thus allowing the operating device to be centrally
located. This lever when in normal position extends forward beyond the line of
the stock and when actuated moves back to a point required to operate the device.
The operating lever "H," Fig. 1 & 4, is elbow in shape, has a long and a short
arm, is bifurcated as shown in Fig. 4, to allow the loading and firing device to be
centrally located. The short arm is pivoted to the frame at "28" Figs. 1, and 12,
is united to the grip-lever "G" by bar "I" and united with the main spring "M"
as illustrated in Figs. 1 & 12. The grip lever "G" being constructed to engage
with a locking dog "51" which in turn engages with arm "52 of the trigger "Y
as illustrated in Figs. 1, & 12, and is actuated and controlled by trigger "Y" and
spring "53." These levers "G" and "H" have a mutual reciprocal movement
"

page_text: in line with the walls of the chamber and when the grip lever is actuated or
retracted by the grasp of the hand is swung back into the chamber formed in the
stock or handle of the firearm and by means of the bar "I" causes the operating
lever "H" to swing back and down, as illustrated in Fig. 12, the upper extremities
of this lever travel in the direction indicated by the grooves "29" but by
changing the attachments of the bar "I," the movements of this lever can be
controlled as desired.
The automatic locking device is constructed and actuates and locks the breech
in the following manner: The bifurcated extremities of lever "H" are hinged to
the locking levers "O," Figs. 1, 12, & 6. These levers are pivotally hinged by
pins "6" Fig. 1, to the locking bar "P." The pins "6" pass through the locking
levers "O" and extend into the locking grooves "29" Figs. 1, 12 & 6. These
grooves "29" have a vertical, a curved and a diagonal direction, are located in
the respective opposite walls of the chamber and are identical in size, depth and
direction. The locking bar "P" is a strong bar located on the under side of the
breech piece, is pivotally hinged to the breech at "30" Fig. 1, and to the locking
levers at "6," when the parts are in the forward position illustrated in Fig. 1, the
locking levers "O" are constructed to engage with shoulders "59" located on the
stock of the firearm, the construction being such that when the operating
lever "H" is drawn back, the hinged connection of levers "O" Fig. 1, is opened,
thereby removing the lower end of locking levers "O" from beneath. The rear
end of locking bar "P" allows the locking pins "6" to drop down out of the
vertical part of the locking grooves "29" and be drawn back through the curved
and diagonal parts of these grooves "29" thus actuating the breech; the reverse
movements of the parts caused by the main spring "M" Figs. 1 & 12, forces the
locking pin "6 forward through the diagonal part of the locking grooves "29"
when they are carried up into the vertical part of these grooves by the forward
and upward movement of locking levers "O" thus restoring the locking
levers "O" and pins "6" to position in front of shoulders "59" and thus actuating
and locking the breech.
The breech piece is a steel bar or rod of a size and length to be determined by
the cartridge used in the particular arm; constructed to slide back and forth in a
chamber formed by the walls of the stock or handle capable of actuating a hammer
and an automatic shell extractor, containing the usual firing pin, passing longi-
tudinally through it and having on its under side near the forward end a lug or
hinge "30," Fig. 1, articulating with the locking bar "P." Grooves "20," Fig. 10,
are cut in the sides of the breech to allow the extractors to be sufficiently
compressed to grasp a small cartridge.
The automatic shell extractors "19," Figs. 1 & 10, are steel springs rigidly
attached to the opposite sides of the breech on a line with the axis of the barrel.
They have hooked extremities for engagement with the flange of the cartridge,
located on their outer side are bearings "18," Fig. 10, which are constructed to
move and slide in grooves "21," Fig. 10. These grooves become gradually
shallower at a point a little more than the length of the cartridge from the bore
of the barrel. The extractors are constructed to spring out and force bearings "18"
against the bottom of the grooves. As the breech moves forward pushing the
cartridge into the barrel, the gradual shallowing of the grooves causes the extractors
to grasp the flange of the cartridge and when the pressure is sufficient to hold it
firmly, the bottoms of the grooves become parallel again, thus firmly holding the
cartridge as it passes into the bore of the barrel, and retaining their grasp till the
shell being fully extracted the gradual increasing of the depth of the grooves and
the resultant diminished pressure on the bearings "18" causes the extractors to
release the shell when it is thrown out at the top by the upward movement of the
carrier.
The automatic cartridge carrier "D" & "D'," Figs. 1, 7, 8, & 12, consists in a
steel plate having vertical and horizontal parts, the vertical plate being somewhat
broader than the horizontal plate is constructed to move and slide in vertical

page_text: 66
On the
The
grooves "13" formed in the opposite walls of the chamber in which the cartridge
carrier moves back and forth from the magazine to the bore of the barrel
front face of the vertical plate "D" Fig. 7, is a diagonal groove "10" constructed
to engage with the pin "38" of the plunger "T" and rotate the magazine.
horizontal part of the plate "D" illustrated in Figs. 1 & 8, is of a width and
length to be determined by the cartridge used in the particular firearm. Movably
retained on the upper surface of this plate is the cartridge receiver, its shell
walls "E," Figs. 1, 7, & 12, are fixedly attached to the bars "32," Fig. 1, 7
& 11, which bars pass through slots in the plate "D" and are integrally attached
to the reciprocating plate "S" Fig. 1, 11, & 12. The shells Ehave end
walls "33," Figs. 1, & 7, at their rear ends. When a cartridge actuated by the
force of the coiled spring "W" Fig. 1, passes out from the magazine into the
receiver it passes through the shells "E" of the receiver and comes in contact
with the end walls "33" of these shells, and in its further backward movement
carries the receiver with it, causing a cam action of the grooves "34" on the
bars "32" thus causing the walls of the receiver to grasp and retain the cartridge
till the reversed movement of these parts, as illustrated in Fig. 12, the cartridge
being in the presence of the bore of the barrel, the forward motion of the breech
pin causes the shells "E" to slide forward and compels them to resume their
former position, illustrated in Fig. 1. The cartridge being sufficiently engaged
in the bore of the barrel, the carrier "D" is thrown back by the force of the
spring "5" to its position in front of the magazine when it inmediately receives
from the magazine another cartridge as before.
"6
"
The cartridge carrier lifting lever "F," Figs. 1, & 12, is actuated by the reverse
movement of the breech, and the resistance of the spring "5." It is supported in
the bifurcated end of the forward arm of the bracket "R," Figs. 1, & 12. The
long arm of this lever is constructed to engage with the projection "7
on the
rear face of the vertical plate "D" of the cartridge carrier. The short arm of
this lever engages with the backward movement of the locking bar
P" and being
retracted by it the long arm of this lever causes the carrier "D" and "D" and
the receiver " E" to rise up into the presence of the bore of the barrel at a
time when the breech piece is sufficiently withdrawn to admit of this movement;
the motion of the carrier being controlled by the edges or sides of the vertical
plate "D" which are constructed to move and slide in the grooves " 13,"
Figs. 1 & 12.
The action of the locking springs "22," Fig. 9, is as follows:-These springs
are located in slots cut in the respective opposite sides or walls of the stock
chamber. The rear end of these springs is fixedly pivoted to the walls of the
stock and the projections "23" and "24" are arranged to extend beyond the
surface of these walls and engage with the cartridge carrier as follows:-
The width of the plate "D1" of the cartridge carrier being the same as that
of the chamber in which it moves. The upward motion of this plate comes in
contact with the inclined surface of the latch-shaped projection "23," and forces
the spring "22" back into the slot until the under surface of this plate "D¹" has
passed above the projection "23," when this projection immediately springs out
beneath the plate "D" and holds it in position in the presence of the bore of the
barrel till the forward motion of the breech piece coming in contact with the
inclined surface of the projection "24," forces this spring back into the slot in
the wall of the chamber thus removing the projection "23" from beneath the
plate "D" on the carrier, when the carrier is immediately thrown down to position
in front of the upper tube of the magazine, at a time when the cartridge is sufficiently
engaged in the bore of the barrel to retain it while the breech is forcing it into the
barrel.
The automatic rotating magazine, Fig. 1, is held in position beneath the barrel by
a permanent pin "16" which passes into a central opening in the magazine and a
removable pin "8" Fig. 1, which passes through a removable aim into a corre-
sponding central opening in the forward end of the magazine.

page_text: The magazine may be formed with two or more tubes. I have seen proper to
illustrate it as possessing four tubes as seen in the drawings. Each of these
tubes "V," Figs. 1, & 2 is provided with a groove "35," Figs. 1 & 2. Within
these tubes is located a plunger "T" having a coiled spring "W" integrally
attached to the side of the plunger "T" is the pin "38" having a shoulder "45,"
the said pin constructed to slide back and forth in the groove "35," Figs. 1, & 2,
the force of the spring "W," Fig. 1, causes the plunger "T" to force from the
upper chamber of the magazine the cartridges as they are required. When the last
cartridge is ejected from the upper chamber of the magazine, the pin "38" travelling
in the groove "35" projects from the end of the magazine through the small
openings "39," Fig. 5, in the end wall of the receiver and engages with the diagonal
groove "10," Fig. 7, located on the front face of the cartridge carrier by means of
which engagement the upward motion of the carrier causes the next loaded chamber
of the magazine to be rotated into position, its contents being then discharged as
hereinafter described. The diagonal groove "10" in the face of the vertical
plate "D" of the carrier terminates at its lower part in a vertical groove. The
vertical groove shallows out and forms a projection "12," Fig. 7. This projection
extends out from the face of the plate and moves and slides in slot "15" cut through
the end wall of the chamber as seen in Fig. 5, when the carrier is forced upward
this projection engages with the pin "38" of the plunger "T" and forces it and
the plunger "T" back into the magazine, when the plunger is caught and held by
the catch levers "36," Fig. 1. The catch levers "36" are pivotally held in slots
cut through the walls of the magazine and are located at both the forward and the
rear end of the tubes of the magazine. Their automatic action is as follows:-
These levers "36" have a hooked or latch-shaped extremity which is constructed
to extend slightly within the inner surface of the tubes of the magazine. Their
outer end is actuated by a spring "37" when the chambers of the magazine are full
of cartridges the plunger "T" is forced back through the tubes of the magazine
until it passes the latch-shaped extremity of the levers "36" located at the outer
end of the tube, when the hooked extremities of these levers "36"actuated by the
spring "37" drops down in front of the plunger "T" and retains it. The outer
end of the lever "36" is constructed to extend beyond the outer surface of the
magazine, and when the magazine is rotated these levers coming in contact with the
under side of the barrel, the outer end of these levers is depressed thereby causing
the inner end to fall back into the slot and release the plunger "T" at a time when
this particular tube of the magazine shall be in front of the opening through which
the cartridges are discharged into the cartridge receiver. The catches in each
particular tube being actuated only when it is rotated into position as described.
Located in the slot "47," Fig. 5, are the catches "46," constructed to engage with
the openings "48," located in the rear end of the magazine, Fig. 2, and to be
disengaged from the magazine by coming in contact with the shoulder "45" of the
pin "38" when it is protruded from the end of the magazine, thus locking and
releasing the magazine as its empty tubes are rotated out of position and its loaded
tubes into position in front of the opening "50."
The action of the automatic firing device is as follows:-The automatic
trigger "J," Fig. 1, is pivotally held in the bifurcated extremity of the rear arm
of the bracket "R," as illustrated in Figs. 1, & 12.
It is constructed to engage
with the catches "40" of the hammer "K." Its forward end being forced against
the hammer "K" by the action of the spring "3." Its rear end being constructed
to come in contact with the projection "2" of the operating lever "H" Fig. 1.
Then the trigger "Y," Fig. 1, pivotally attached to the stock or bracket by the
"41" is constructed to engage with the catches "40" of the hammer "K"
Figs. 1, & 12, its movement being actuated by the spring "4," Fig. 1. The
automatic action of these triggers is as follows:-Both the triggers are thrown
against the hammer "K" when the device is actuated by the rearward motion of
the operating lever "H" and the breech piece "N," thus forcing the hammer "K"

page_text: back into the cocked position, causing the catches "40" of the hammer to be
rotated thus allowing both of the triggers to slip past and catch behind the
catches "40" of the hammer "K" as illustrated in Fig. 1, and to retain this
engagement until by the forward motion of the lever "H" the projections "2" of
this lever coming in contact with the rear part of the automatic trigger "J," causing
its forward end to become disengaged from the catches "40" at a time when the
cartridge has been driven into the bore of the barrel and the breech piece locked in
position as herein before described.
The hammer being then only retained by the trigger "Y" the gun can be fired
in the usual way by this trigger but if rapid firing is desired the action of the
automatic trigger can be utilized by drawing the trigger "Y" fully back so that
the spring "42" will engage with the trigger "Y" as illustrated in Fig. 12,
thereby leaving the action of the hammer to be controlled only by the automatic
trigger "J" when the gun will be automatically discharged by this trigger, as
herein before described. The bracket "R" is rigidly attached to the bottom of the
stock chamber and has three upwardly extending arms, these arms are located in
the central line of the firearm and have bifurcated extremities in which is pivotally
held the lever "F" the hammer "K" and the automatic trigger "J" as illustrated
in Figs. 1, & 12. This bracket is chambered or mortised to admit the action of
the trigger "Y" as illustrated in Fig. 12, and the locking dog "51" which is
pivotally retained in combination with the stock as illustrated in Figs. 1 & 12,
and has two separate arms, one having a hooked or latch-shaped extremity constructed
to engage with a catch or projection located on the grip lever, the other arm
constructed to engage with the projection "52" of the trigger "Y." This lever,
or dog, is actuated by a spring "53" and constructed to engage with the grip
lever "G" when this lever is thrown forward to its first position by the force of the
main spring "M," the dog being released from engagement with the grip lever by
the forward movement of the trigger "Y," when this trigger is actuated by
the finger, the dog being retained out of engagement with the lever "G" when the
trigger "Y" is out of engagement with the hammer, and when the firearm is
discharged by the action of the automatic trigger alone.
Movably retained with the end wall of the chamber formed in the stock is the
slide "57," Fig. 5, capable of being moved or rotated so as to open one of the tubes
of the magazine; opposite the tube thus opened and located in the stock of the
firearm is arranged a hinged section "58" Fig. 12, of the stock; grooved on its
outer side so as to form a semicircular trough through which the cartridges can
slide into the tube of the magazine, this section of the stock is hinged at its rear
end and actuated by a spring; its forward end being capable when the cartridge
carrier is in the upper position, of being depressed into the chamber sufficient to
open a tube of the magazine, thus allowing the cartridges to be passed into the
magazine; when all the tubes of the magazine have been loaded the slide "57" is
rotated back to its former position and the hinged section of the wall of the
chamber allowed to spring back into its former position.
It is evident that there may be many changes and modifications in the
construction of my invention and of its several parts, without departing from the
spirit of the invention, and I do not limit myself to the specific construction shown
and described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is
1st. In a firearm, a grip lever located in the stock or handle thereof in combination
with firing mechanism.
2nd. In a firearm, a grip lever located in the stock or handle thereof in
combination with the loading and firing mechanism.
3rd. In a firearm, a grip lever located in the stock or handle thereof in
combination with a magazine, the loading and firing mechanism.

page_text: 4th. In a firearm provided with a barrel magazine and stock or handle, a grip
lever in combination with méchanism for transferring the cartridges from the
magazine to the bore of the barrel, substantially as shown.
5th. In a firearm, a grip lever located in the stock or handle thereof, and an
operating lever suitably connected to and operated by said grip lever in combination
with the loading and firing mechanism, as set forth.
6th. In a firearm provided with a barrel and stock or handle having a chamber
therein. The combination of a grip lever having a body and lateral walls, on the
anterior surface of the body a grasp or hand holt, constructed to conform to the
shape of the hand. The lateral walls of the said lever being constructed to
conform to and be controlled by the walls of the chamber formed in the stock
or handle of the firearm and being capable of reciprocal movement in lines with the
walls of said chamber and constructed to be actuated by the grasp of the hand in
combination with firing mechanism, substantially as shown.
7th. In a firearm provided with a barrel and stock or handle, having a chamber
therein, a grip lever, having a body and lateral walls, the anterior surface of the
body constructed to conform to the shape of the hand, the said lever being movably
retained and controlled in combination with the walls of a chamber formed in the
stock or handle of the firearm, being capable of reciprocal movement in line with
the walls of said chamber and being retained in operative combination with an
operating lever, the said lever being actuated and operated by the grasp of the hand
and the resistance of a main spring, in combination with loading and firing mechanism,
substantially as shown.
8th. In a firearm provided with a barrel and stock or handle having a chamber
therein, the combination of a grip lever and an operating lever, capable of reciprocal
movement in line with the walls of said chamber and movably retained and controlled
by the said walls, in combination with a locking lever and bar, a longitudinally
reciprocating breech piece, a cartridge lever and a cartridge carrier, an automatic
cartridge receiver, and automatic rotating removable magazine, automatic shell
extractor, an automatic trigger or triggers, and a locking dog; all actuated and
operated by the said levers; substantially as shown.
9th. In a firearm provided with a barrel and stock or handle having a chamber
therein, the combination of a grip lever, having a body and lateral walls; the body
constructed to conform to the shape of the hand, the lateral walls being capable of
reciprocal movement in line with the walls of the chamber and pivotally retained
in combination with these walls, constructed to swing or slide back and forth in
combination with them; this lever being also in combination with an operating
lever, having a long and short arm, the short arm being pivotally retained in com-
bination with the walls of the chamber, the long aim being bifurcated and
constructed to pass forward and upward on either side of the operating device
contained within the chamber; the said levers being connected by a bar or rod,
this connection being so adjusted as to produce the desired movement of the upper
extremity of the operating lever. These levers being actuated by the grasp of the
band and the resistance of a main spring, substantially as shown.
10th. In a firearm provided with a barrel and stock or handle having a chamber
therein, the combination of a grip lever and an operating lever movably retained
and controlled in combination with the walls of said chamber, capable of reciprocal
movement in line with said walls; the said levers being in combination with a
reciprocating breech piece to the under side of which is attached or pivotally
hinged a locking bar, which locking bar is pivotally hinged on either side to short
locking levers which in turn are pivotally hinged to the upper extremities of the
operating lever. The pivots connecting the locking lever and bar, being constructed
to extend into and be controlled by grooves located in the respective opposite walls
of the chamber. These grooves having a vertical, a curved and a diagonal
direction; the vertical part being at right angles with the chamber in which the
breech moves, the construction being such that the breech is actuated, locked and

page_text: unlocked by the reciprocating movement of the pins located in these grooves and
actuated by the locking device substantially as shown.
11th. In a firearm the combination of an automatic locking device composed of
a locking bar "P," locking pin "6," locking levers "O," and grooves "28"; the
bar "P" being pivotally hinged to a reciprocating breech piece and to the locking
levers "O" by means of locking pins "6"; this pin extends into the locking
grooves "29" which grooves are located in the walls of the firearm, and have a
vertical, a curved and a diagonal direction: the vertical part being at right angles
to the breech piece, the construction being such that when the operating lever is
drawn backward the hinged connection of this lever with the locking levers is
open, thereby removing the lower end of the locking lever from beneath the
locking pin "6" compelling them to drop down out of the vertical part of the
grooves " 29" and be drawn back through these grooves thus unlocking and with-
drawing the breech. The reverse movement of the parts causing the locking
pins "6"
to be driven forward through and lifted up into the vertical part of the
grooves "29" by the forward and upward movement of the locking levers, thus
actuating and locking the breech, substantially as shown.
12th. The combination in a firearm with the barrel thereof, reciprocal breech
piece "N" having extracting devices secured thereto, of the grip lever "G,"
operating lever " H," and knee connection between said lever "H" and breech
piece, said breech piece securing the cartridge in place when at the limit of its
forward movement, and extracting the said cartridge as it makes its return
movement.
13th. In a firearm provided with a barrel and stock or handle, having a chamber
therein, a grip lever and an operating lever, movably retained and controlled by the
walls of said chamber, capable of reciprocal movement in line with said walls,
actuated by the grasp of the hand and the resistance of a main spring in com-
bination with a reciprocating locking device pivotally hinged to the under side of
a reciprocating breech piece, constructed to slide back and forth in a chamber
formed in the walls of the firearm in front of and in line with the bore of the
barrel; the said breech piece being constructed to operate a hammer by its
reverse movement and containing a firing pin extending longitudinally through it,
located on each side of the breech piece near its forward end on a line with the
central axis of the bore of the barrel and fixedly attached to it automatic shell
extractors having hooked extremities for engagement with the flange of the
cartridge located on the outer side of these extractors are bearings or projections
constructed to slide back and forth in grooves located in the walls of the firearm;
said grooves being of a varying depth are constructed to have a cam action on the
bearings of the extractors thus enabling the reciprocating movements of the breech
piece to automatically grasp and release the cartridge; the construction of the
grooves being such that their cam action on the bearings of the extractors will
occur at a time when the cartridge being partially engaged in the bore of the
barrel the hooked extremities of the extractors having passed around the flange of
the cartridge are caused to grasp it and retain this grasp as it passes into the bore
of the barrel and until the shell being fully extracted the diminished pressure on
the bearings of the extractors allows them to release it; in the forward end of the
breech piece beneath the extractors are cut small grooves in order to allow the
extractors to be sufficiently compressed to grasp the flange of a small cartridge,
substantially as shown.
14th. In a firearm provided with a barrel and stock or handle having a chamber
therein, a grip lever and an operating lever, movably retained and controlled by
the walls of said chamber capable of reciprocal movement in line with said wall
actuated by the grasp of the hand and the resistance of a main spring con-
structed to combine with and operate a reciprocating locking device and a
longitudinally reciprocating breech piece; the locking device constructed to
engage with the short arm of a cartridge carrier lifting lever, the long arm of

page_text: this lever being in engagement with a vertically reciprocating cartridge carrier'
this lever being pivotally retained in the bifurcated extremity of a projection
or bracket which is fixedly attached to the walls of the chamber whereby the
reciprocating movement of the grip and operating levers gives a longitudinally
reciprocating movement to the locking device and breech piece, and a vertically
reciprocating movement to the cartridge carrier and receiver, substantially as
shown.
15th. In a firearm having a barrel and stock or handle the combination of a
rotating removable magazine composed of two or more chambers for the reception,
retention and discharge of cartridges pivotally and removably retained beneath
the barrel and in combination with the stock and a removable arm which is
renovably attached to the under side of the barrel, substantially as shown.
16th. In a firearm the combination with a magazine, of a movably retained grip
lever, mechanism for transferring the cartridge from said magazine to the barrel,
firing mechanism and extracting devices.
"
17th. In a firearm provided with a barrel and stock or handle having a chamber
therein, the combination of a cartridge carrier capable of a vertical reciprocal
movement in said chamber, having a vertical and horizontal plate or surface, the
vertical plate being somewhat broader than the chamber in which it moves is
constructed to move and slide in grooves located in the respective opposite walls of
the chamber which grooves control its movements on the anterior surface of this
plate is located a diagonal groove which terminates in a vertical groove, this
vertical groove shallows out and terminates in a projection "12," which
projection "12" forms an inclined surface and is constructed to extend through
and slide up and down in the slot "15." which slot "15" extends up into the
opening through which the cartridges are discharged from the upper tube of the
magazine into the cartridge receiver. A cartridge magazine having two or more
chambers, each chamber provided with a spring actuated plunger "T" having a
pin "38
constructed to move and slide in a groove located in the wall of the tube
capable of reciprocal movement in said groove constructed when the last cartridge
expelled from this tube of the magazine to extend into and engage with the
diagonal groove "10," located in the face of the carrier, when the upward move-
ment of the carrier will rotate the magazine by causing the pin
38 to slide
through this diagonal groove, into the vertical groove, the inclined surface of
which and the projection "12" sliding in the slot "15" operate to force the
plunger back into the magazine and out of engagement with the carrier. On
the upper surface of the plate "D" of the carrier in front of the opening "50" are
movably retained shell walls of the cartridge receiver which is composed of the
two separate semi-cylindrical shells, open at their forward end but having end walls
at their rear end, capable of reciprocal movement, by means of which movement
they are caused to engage with the cartridge as it passes from the magazine fully
out into the receiver and to be disengaged from the cartridge as it passes into the
bore of the barrel, substantially as shown.
:
35.
18th. In a firearm having a barrel and stock or haudle provided with a rotating
removable magazine pivotally and removably retained in combination with the
stock and barrel having two or more tubes for the reception. detention and discharge
of cartridges within these tubes is located a plunger "T" having a coiled
spring "W." Integrally attached to the side of the plunger is the pin "38,"
constructed to slide back and forth in the groove
The force of the
spring "W" causes the plunger "T" to force from the upper chamber of the
magazine the cartridges as they are required. The magazine having near both
the forward and rear ends of each tube slots cut through the wall of the magazine
into the tube located and pivotally held in these slots are catch levers having a
hooked or latch-shaped extremity which is constructed to extend slightly within
the inner surface of the tube, the outer end of these levers being actuated by a
spring "37" is constructed to extend slightly beyond the outer surface of the
magazine; when the chambers of the magazine are full of cartridges the

page_text: plunger "T" is forced back through the tubes of the magazine until it passes
the latch-shaped extremity of the catch levers "36 located at the outer end of
the tube, when the hooked extremities of these levers "36" actuated by the
spring "37" drops down in front of the plunger "T" and retains it; the catch
levers at the forward end of the magazine are constructed to engage with the
plunger in a similar manner, after the empty chamber of the magazine has been
rotated out of position and the plunger forced back out of engagement with the
cartridge carrier, after the cartridge carrier has rotated the magazine by means of
the groove ❝ 10 and the projection "12"; these catch levers when a loaded
chamber is rotated into position beneath the barrel, the outer end of these levers
coming in contact with the under side of the barrel are depressed by it, thus
causing the inner end of the levers to be disengaged from the plunger, substantially
as shown.
646
>>
19th. In a firearm the combination of a rotating cartridge magazine; provided
with two or more chambers, a cartridge carrying device capable of upward and
downward movement between the opening of one of the chambers of the magazine
and the bore of the barrel said cartridge carrying device being operated by an
operating lever; mechanism making engagement between the rotating magazine
and the cartridge carrying device, after the last cartridge in the chamber of the
magazine has been expelled; whereby the upward movement of the cartridge
carrying device rotates the magazine to the desired position when another chamber
is presented for the ejection and use of the cartridges, all substantially as shown.
20th. In a firearm the combination of a rotating cartridge magazine, capable of
combining with and being rotated by the upward movement of a cartridge carrier:
the rear end of the magazine being in combination with a catch spring
movably retained in slot "37," said slot being located in the wall of the stock in
front of the end of the magazine; the spring catch "46" having on its free end a
pin constructed to engage with opening "48" in the magazine and being released
from this engagement by coming in contact with the shoulder "45" of the pin "38"
located on the plunger "T" which shoulder engages with catch "46" forcing it
back into the slot sufficient to release the magazine at a time when the last cartridge
is being ejected from the magazine thus freeing the magazine and allowing it to
combine with the upward movement of the cartridge carrier and rotate the next
loaded chamber into position. when catch "46" will engage with the succeeding
opening "48" in the magazine thus retaining the upper tube fixedly in front of the
opening "50" until released as before, substantially as shown.
k
21st. The combination in a firearm with the barrel thereof, and magazine which
forces the cartridges out from the rear therefrom, of a carrier and a receiver
mounted and operating thereon, said receiver automatically grasping the cartridge
as it passes out of the magazine, and automatically releasing the same when the
cartridge passes therefrom into the barrel, substantially as shown.
"
as
22nd. In a firearm the combination of a reciprocating cartridge receiver com-
posed of two semi-cylindrical shells "E" which are fixedly attached by the
bars "32" to the reciprocating plates "S"; these shells have at their rear end
walls "33" the receiver movably retained in combination with slots "34
illustrated in Fig. 8. These slots 34 are identical in size and direction and are
located near the forward and rear ends of the plate "D1"; they are arranged in
pairs and near their forward ends are constructed to curve gradually in to a point
required to close the receiver and are then carried back parallel with the edges of
the plate "D"; through these slots pass the bars "32" which are fixedly attached
to the reciprocating plates "S" and shells "E"; the receiver being opened
and closed by the reciprocating movement of the bars "32" in these grooves "34";
the cam action of the grooves causing the receiver to close as it slides back and
open as it slides forward, the receiver being actuated in its rear movement by the
cartridge as it passes out of the upper tube of the magazine into the receiver;
the cartridge coming in contact with the walls "33 carries the receiver back with
it far enough to allow the cartridge to be fully out of the magazine, the reverse
"

page_text: movement of the receiver being caused by the forward movement of the breech
piece at a time when in the operation of the various parts the receiver being lifted
to the presence of the bore of the barrel engages with the forward movement of
the breech piece forcing the cartridge into the bore of the barrel thus causing the
shells of the receiver actuated by the cam action of the slots "34" on the
bars "32" to release the cartridge at a time when the cartridge being sufficiently
engaged in the bore of the barrel and the carrier plates "D1"being also released
by the forward motion of the breech piece immediately descends to position in
front of the upper tube and immediately receives from it another cartridge as
before, substantially as shown.
23rd. The combination in a firearm, the hammer having catches "40" in the
heel thereof, of a trigger J." grip lever "G" and operating lever "H," as set
forth.
24th. The combination in a firearm with the hammer having catches in the heel
G," said dog being
thereof, trigger "J" and dog "51," of the grip lever "
operated by trigger "Y" to unlock said grip lever when it is desired to use said
grip lever independently of the said trigger, as set forth.
25th. In a firearm the combination of an automatic firing device consisting of a
spring actuated hammer, a trigger and an automatic trigger constructed to combine
with a reciprocating breech piece and an operating lever; the hammer being
pivotally retained in the bifurcated extremity of a projection or bracket which is
fixedly attached to the wall or stock of the firearm, the hammer being capable of
being forced into cocked position by the breech piece or by hand as desired; con-
structed to engage with a trigger and an automatic trigger in the usual manner:
the trigger being pivotally retained by the stock and actuated by a spring and its
upper end thrown against the heel of the hammer is constructed to slip past and
catch behind the projections located on the heel of the hammer when the hammer
is rotated into cocked position; this engagement can be released by hand in the
usual way but when rapid firing is desired this trigger can be forced into engage-
ment with a spring catch capable of preventing it from combining with the hammer
and leaving the hammer free to be controlled only by the action of the automatic
trigger, which trigger being pivotally retained in the bifurcated extremity of a
bracket fixedly attached to the stock is thrown against the heel of the hammer by
a spring and is constructed to slip past and catch behind the catches on the heel
of the hammer, when the haminer is rotated into cocked position and to retain this
engagement till by the operation of the various parts the cartridge being trans-
ferred from the magazine to the bore of the barrel and the breech pin locked in
position when this trigger being arranged in the path of the forward motion of the
actuating lever which is disengaged from the hammer by engagement with an
actuating lever thus allowing the firearm to be discharged by hand or at will or
automatically by the operating parts, substantially as shown.
26th. In a firearm having a stock or handle provided with a chamber therein,
the combination of a grip lever having a body and lateral walls the anterior part
of the body being constructed to conform to the shape of the hand, the lateral
walls constructed to conform to and be retained and controlled by the walls of the
chamber in which it moves, capable of reciprocal movement in line with these
walls, and actuated and operated by the grasp of the hand, and the resistance of
the main spring constructed to combine with a locking trigger or dog, pivotally
retained in combination with the walls of the stock, the said locking trigger, or
dog, having two separate arms, one having a hooked or latch-shaped extremity,
constructed to engage with a catch or projection located on the grip lever; the
other arm constructed to engage with a projection of the trigger "Y" and lift the
dog out of engagement with the grip lever, when this trigger "Y" is actuated by
the finger, and to retain it out of engagement when the trigger "Y" is retained out
of engagement with the hammer "K" the said locking dog being actuated by a
spring and constructed to engage with the grip lever in its forward position and
retain this engagement until released by the trigger "Y," being retained out of

page_text: engagement with the grip lever when the firearm is discharged by the action of
the automatic trigger alone; substantially as shown.
:
27th. In a firearm provided with a barrel and stock or handle having a chamber
therein, the combination of an automatic-rotating, removable magazine, pivotally
and removably retained on the under side of the barrel and in combination with
the barrel and the end wall of the chamber formed in the stock or handle of the
firearm located in this end wall is a slide of the size and shape required to cover
the ends of one of the tubes of the magazine, and capable of being moved or
rotated sufficient to form an opening through this wall into the tube of the
magazine in the stock wall of the firearm opposite the end of the tube thus
opened is arranged a hinged section of the wall of the stock; grooved on its outer
side so as to form a semicircular trough through which the cartridges can be slid
into the tube of the magazine, this section of the stock is hinged at its rear end
and actuated by a spring its forward end being capable when the cartridge carrier
is in the upper position of being depressed into the chamber sufficient to allow the
cartridge to be passed along through the groove located on its outer surface
into the tube of the magazine, through the opening formed by the removal of the
- slide; when all the tubes have been loaded the slide is rotated back to its former
position and the hinged section of the wall allowed to spring back into line with
the wall, substantially as shown.
Dated March 23rd 1892.
SAMUEL NEAL MCLEAN.