Improvements in the Manufacture or Preparation of Paper for Bills of Exchange, Cheques, and the like.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 19th July, 1886.
Complete Left, 19th May, 1887.
Complete Accepted, 21st June, 1887.
Improvements in the Manufacture or Preparation of Paper for Bills
of Exchange, Cheques, and the like.
I, EDUARD MUSIL of Vienna in the Empire of Austria, Imperial Councillor do
hereby declare the nature of my Invention to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture or treatment of paper for bills of exchange
Cheques and the like and consists in rendering the said paper sensitive to the action
of acids and alcohol or other like bleaching decolourising or discharging agents as
hereinafter described so that in case it is subjected to treatment with these reagents
(with a view to fraudulent alterations in the writing or printing thereon) the appear-
ance of the paper is changed in such a manner that the fraudulent attempt cannot be
concealed. With this object the paper is dyed or colored either in the course of or
subsequently to the process of manufacture with a coloring matter or dye that is
insoluble in water and unaffected by light but is sensitive to the action of acids,
bleaching agents and alcohol. For additional security fibres similarly dyed with
sensitive colours are or may be incorporated with the stuff in the rag engine being
employed in combination with either colored or uncoloured materials or paper and
further security is obtained by printing the paper with black or other coloured
characters or impressions of the same sensitive nature.
The dyes or colours which it is preferred to employ for the purposes of this invention
preferably consist of dyes such as Indophenol Congo red and the like which are capable
in themselves of directly dying vegetable or animal fibres or of natural and artificial
dye stuffs such as Anthracene dyes which are capable of forming with the ingredients
of the size employed in the manufacture of the paper an insoluable lac or varnish
which is very sensitive to the action of acids and alcohol. Indophenol, Congo red,
Alizarine, Nitro Alizarine, Alizarine blue, Coerulein, gallo Cyanine and Catechu for

page_text: example are employed being added to a weak ammoniacal solution in the proportion
of from about one to ten per cent. When indophenol is used it is added to a watery
solution of alcohol in the proportion of from 0.5 to 10 per cent.
It should be observed that the colour of the fibres must be so selected and combined
with that of the paper (when coloured fibres are used in combination with colored
paper) that the appearance or character of the paper shall undergo a marked change
under the influence of decolourising or discharging agents.
Paper thus prepared undergoes a conspicuous change when acted on by discharging
agents which change cannot be destroyed by employing counter agents with a view
to restoring the original appearance of the paper.
The said paper presents the additional advantages that it is unaffected by treatment
with water and does not contain any substance injurious to health. The materials
preferably employed for printing the paper with sensitive colours (lacs) as hereinbefore
described consist for example of logwood black or other colours obtained by boiling
log or campeachy wood, red or Brazil wood, fustic, yellow oak and the like.
Dated this 19th day of July 1886.
J. HENRY JOHNSON,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agent for Eduard Musil.

page_text: of Exchange, oneques, and the like,
I, EDUARD MUSIL of Vienna in the Empire of Austria, Imperial Councillor do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture or preparation of paper for Bills of
Exchange, Cheques and the like and consists in rendering the said paper extremely
sensitive to the action of acids and alcohol or other like bleaching decolourising or
discharging agents as hereinafter described so that in case the paper is subjected to
treatment with these reagents (with a view to fraudulent alterations in the writing or
printing thereon) for example the appearance of the paper is changed in such a
manner that the fraudulent attempt cannot be concealed. With this object the paper
is dyed or coloured, either in the course of or subsequently to the process of manu-
facture, with a colouring matter or dye that is insoluble in water and unaffected by
light but is sensitive to the action of acids, bleaching agents and alcohol, the paper
thus prepared, presenting the appearance of being simply dyed. For additional
security, fibres similarly dyed with sensitive colours, are or may be employed in
combination with either coloured or uncoloured materials or paper, being incorporated
with the stuff in the rag Engine or other suitable stage of the manufacture, and
further security may be obtained by printing the paper thus manufactured, with black
or other coloured characters or impressions of a similar sensitive nature.
Three varieties of safety paper may thus be produced, according to the Invention,
videlicet :-
a. A sensitive paper, coloured after manufacture.
b. A sensitive paper, coloured in the process of manufacture.
c. A paper, containing coloured fibres, the said fibres being dyed with sensitive
colours and incorporated in the rag engine or other process of manufacture, either
with dyed or undyed paper materials or pulp.
The dyes or colours, which it is preferred to employ for the purposes of this Inven-
tion, preferably consist of dyes, such as Indophenol, Congo red and the like, which
are capable in themselves of directly dyeing vegetable or animal fibres, or of natural
and artificial dye stuffs, such as anthracene dyes, which are capable of forming, with
the ingredients of the size employed in the manufacture of the paper, an insoluble
lac or varnish, which is very sensitive to the action of acids and alcohol. For this
purpose, Indophenol, Congo red, alizarine, nitro-alizarine, alizarine blue, coerulein,
gallo-cyanine and catechu, for example, are employed, being added to a weak
ammoniacal solution in proportions varying, according to the depth of colour, as
hereinafter described. When the Indo-phenol is used, it is added to a watery solution

page_text: of dyes are especiany recommended, videlicet
DYES FOR THE GROUND OR BODY OF THE PAPER.
Indo-phenol,
Congo-red,
Alizarine
Indo-phenol
Alizarine
and
"
"
"
"
"
DYES FOR THE FIBRES.
Congo red,
Indo-phenol,
Indo-phenol,
Alizarine,
Congo-red,
Congo-red
Alizarine.
Other combinations of the previously specified dyes may evidently be employed
under the same conditions.
I will now proceed to describe some examples of the preparation of the improved
paper-
1. A pale blue, one coloured safety paper. To every 100 sheets of a strong paper,
made of the best materials, such as linen, cotton or hemp with vegetable or animal
size, from 50 to 300 grammes (from about 1 to 10 oz. according to the shade) of
Indo-phenol are employed, being dissolved in ten litres (about two gallons) of wood
spirit or ethyl alcohol.
The paper is drawn through this solution, either in sheets or in the web, by means
of a suitable arrangement of rollers adapted for drawing the paper through the vat
containing the aforesaid solution, and is afterwards conveyed to a moderately warm
well enamelled chamber wherein the solvent is rapidly evaporated. The light-blue
paper thus prepared loses its color immediately when treated with acids or bleaching
agents, and alcohol, leaves discoloured spots or marks. This paper can also be made
by colouring or dyeing the stuff or materials in the process of making the paper, as
hereinafter described, in example V.
II. A one coloured rose red paper. To every 100 sheets of paper, such as that
described in the preceding example, made with a vegetable size (resin-argillaceous
earth) from about 6.25 to 50 grammes (from about 3 dr. to 14 oz. according to the
shade) of dry alizarine, are employed, being dissolved, in from about 6.25 to 50
grammes (about 3 dr. to 1 oz.) of liquid ammonia of about 18 per cent. strength, and
about 10 litres (about 2 gallons) of water. The paper, either in sheets or in the web,
is passed slowly through this solution, as in example I, at ordinary or atmospheric
temperature, being afterwards washed in a trough of water and dried.
The colouring or dyeing can also be performed upon the pulp, or materials employed
in the manufacture of the paper, after the sizeing process, the solution prepared as
described being introduced into the mixing vat in the same proportions corresponding
with the number of sheets to be produced. The rose-coloured safety paper thus
prepared, turns yellow when acted on by acids, and loses its colour entirely under the
action of bleaching agents, while alcohol produces distinct spots or stains.
III. Pale rose-coloured paper, with red fibres. From 2 to 12 per cent. of cotton
fibre dyed with Congo-red, is mixed with rose red stuff or material for paper, prepared
as in the preceding example. The resulting paper presents a rose-coloured ground
with red fibres. Acids turn the ground yellow and the fibres blue. The original
colours may be restored, by applying alkaline neutralising agents to the parts affected
by the acid, but conspicuous spots or stains make their appearance. The application
of bleaching agents, permanently deprives the paper of colour. Alcohol produces
stains.

page_text: IV. Pale rose-coloured paper, with blue fibres. From about 2 to 12 per cent. of
cotton fibre, dyed with Indo-phenol in the usual way, is mixed with a rose-red stuff
or material, prepared as described in example II. The action of acids on the paper
thus manufactured, turns the ground yellow and permanently takes out the colour of
the blue fibres. Bleaching agents remove all colour from the ground and from the
fibres. Alcohol produces stains and causes the blue dye in the fibres to run in the
body of the paper.
V. Pale-blue safety paper with fibres. An alcoholic solution of Indo-phenol of
per cent. strength is gradually introduced into the mixing vat containing the stuff
or pulp after the size, until the required tint is obtained, and after thoroughly mixing
the materials from 2 to 12 per cent. of Cotton fibre dyed with Congo red or with
ordinary alizarine red (not Turkey red) is stirred in. Fibres dyed with Congo red and
with alizarine red can be added simultaneously, if preferred, and remarkable alterations
in the resulting paper are produced by the action of Caustics. Acids remove the colour
from the ground of this paper and turn the fibres yellow or blue, according as they
are dyed with alizarine red or congo red. Bleaching agents take out all the colour
and alcohol produces stains.
VI. The safety paper described in examples I to V is printed on by the usual
process with a lac dye, such as log-wood and iron-black, in such a manner as to produce
lines or hatchings, especially at those parts of the bills cheques &c. where the date,
value and signature are to be written.
The safety paper manufactured in the manner hereinbefore described presents the
advantage hereinbefore mentioned, that it undergoes a conspicuous change when acted
on by discharging agents or caustics which change cannot be destroyed by employing
counter-agents with a view to restoring the original appearance of the paper. The
said paper presents the additional advantages that it is unaffected by treatment with
pure (not acidulated) water and that even when the whole of the paper is subsequently
treated with dissolving and discharging agents and Dyes, it is impossible to restore it
to its original condition, and moreover, these papers do not contain any substance
injurious to health.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
First. The new processes for manufacturing safety paper for cheques, bills of
Exchange and the like, namely: (a.) Dyeing the paper, either during or after the
process of manufacture by treating it with the dyes hereinbefore specified, (Indo-
phenol, Congo-red, alizarine etc ;) which dyes are insoluble in water, unaffected by
light, and extremely sensitive to the action of acids, bleaching agents and alcohol,
(b.) Incorporating, with the materials used in the manufacture of paper, (dyed as
hereinbefore described or otherwise,) animal or vegetable fibres, such fibres being dyed
with sensitive colours of the class hereinbefore specified, and being mixed with the
said materials, in the rag engine or at any other suitable stage of the manufacture, and
(c.) In certain cases, subsequently printing the dyed paper or the undyed paper, com-
bined with the coloured fibres, with highly sensitive colours, whereby a two-fold, and
if required, a three-fold, security against fraud, is provided, all substantially as
hereinbefore described.
Second. As a new product of manufacture, dyed or coloured papers for Cheques,
Bills of Exchange and the like, obtained by treating paper or the materials employed
in the manufacture of paper, substantially as hereinbefore described.
D
11
0
1000
J. HENRY JOHNSON,
Agent.