Improvements in Differential Reducing Gearing for Automobile Vehicles and Traction Engines.
Year: 1896

page_text: Improvements in Differential Reducing Gearing for Automobile
Vehicles and Traction Engines.
I, RIDLEY JAMES URQUHART of 6 Clayton Square Liverpool in the County of
Lancaster, Consulting Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention relates to differential reducing gearing for the high speed
engines of automobile vehicles such as carriages and traction engines and consists
in improvements in the constructon and arrangement of such gearing which
embodies an epicycloidal train, the object of this invention being to produce a
compact gearing from which can be obtained several reduced speeds in both
directions without reversing the direction of, the primary shaft.
In accordance with this invention the primary shaft drives the secondary or
low speed shaft through an epicycloidal train which may gear directly with the
primary shaft, or indirectly by means of intermediate gearing.
One element of the epicycloidal train is fixed so as to drive the low speed shaft
preferably the carrier which carries the intermediate or planet pinion or pinions.
The other two elements of the train are so formed and arranged that they can
be driven from the primary shaft in both directions.
Each or one of the two elements driven from the primary shaft is provided
with a brake drum and band or equivalent friction clutch by which it can be fixed
or allowed to slip at will.
When it is required that the primary shaft shall continue to rotate without the
epicycloidal train the gearing on the primary shaft is provided with a suitable
clutch or suitable clutches by which such gearing may be driven or not as desired.
The elements of the gearing above referred to are the two differential wheels
and the planet wheel or wheels.
Dated this 3rd day of Santamba 1906
Improvements in Differential Reducing Gearing for Automobile
Vehicles and Traction Engines.
I, RIDLEY JAMES URQUHART of 6 Clayton Square Liverpool in the County of
ancaster, Consulting Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention
[Price 8d.1

page_text: and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to differential reducing gearing for the high speed
engines of automobile vehicles such as carriages and traction engines and consists
in improvements in the construction and arrangement of such gearing which
embodies an epicycloidal train, the object of this invention being to produce a
compact gearing from which can be obtained several reduced speeds in both
directions without reversing the direction of the primary shaft.
In accordance with this invention the primary shaft drives the secondary or
low speed shaft through an epicycloidal train which may gear directly with the
primary shaft, or indirectly by means of intermediate gearing.
One element of the epicycloidal train is fixed so as to drive the low speed shaft;
this is the carrier which carries the intermediate or planet pinion or pinions.
The other two elements of the train are so formed and arranged that they can
be driven from the primary shaft in both directions.
Each of the two elements driven from the primary shaft is provided
with a brake drum and band or equivalent friction clutch by which it can be fixed
or allowed to slip at will.
When it is required that the primary shaft shall continue to rotate without the
epicycloidal train the primary shaft is provided with a suitable clutch or suitable
clutches by which such train may be driven or not as desired.
The elements of the train above referred to are the two differential wheels
and the planet wheel or wheels.
The drawings attached hereunto illustrate what I now consider the best method
of construction of my improved arrangement of gearing. Figure 1 illustrates
an elevation of the gearing shewing the upper half or so in section. Figure 2
illustrates the method I propose to adopt of securing or fixing the two elements
of the epicyclic train to prevent their rotation and checking their rotation. In
the arrangement illustrated bevel gearing is employed to rotate the two elements
of the epicycloidal train, the latter being preferably formed with spur wheel teeth
The arrangement is also shewn as applied to the axle of two driving wheels
of a road vehicle and as driving through a differential or balance gear to allow of
one wheel overrunning the other when the. vehicle is passing round a curved
path.
Referring now to Figure 1 a is the high speed shaft and it may be the motor
shaft or a shaft in direct gear with the motor shaft. In many cases it will only
rotate in one direction, but in some cases it will be required to rotate in either
direction. When it is required to rotate in either direction the motor is provided
with reversing gear, or the shaft a is driven from the motor through a reversing
clutch arrangement of any suitable construction. The bevel pinion is keyed
or otherwise fixed to the shaft a. The travelling or driving wheels axle is in two
parts c and c¹ to each part is keyed or otherwise fixed one of the travelling wheels.
To the part c is keyed or fixed the element d of the differential or balance gear,
which is preferably formed with spur teeth. To the part c¹ of the axle is keyed
or fixed the spur pinion e, and freely on the axle is mounted a carrier or disc f
upon which is or are mounted a stud or studs. Each stud carries a spur pinion
which gears with the teeth of the element d and the teeth el of the element e
at the same time.
The element d of the balance gear is provided with a flanged rim de fitted with
a band brake z of well known construction the band of which is fixed at one end ¹
Figure 2 to the structure carrying the gearing and at the other end is attached
to any suitable well known lever arrangement by which it can be drawn tightly
round the flanged rim. By so gripping this part of the balance gear the travelling
wheel fixed to the part ce of the wheel axle can be braked. The part of the axle
to which is fixed the second travelling wheel is also provided with a flanged rim
or pulley g fitted with a brake band operated in a similar manner. The two

page_text: brake bands are preferably so coupled together by rods and levers that they operate
in unison. This may be effected in any well known way.
The elements of the epicycloidal train are so arranged that the angular speed
of the last or driven element f has the lowest value. The element forms the
carrier for the planet wheel h. Preferably three planet wheels are arranged
round the disc f. Each planet wheel h is carried upon a stud h¹ fixed to the
disc preferably by a screwed nut h. The element or sun wheel of the
epicycloidal train is mounted free upon the part cl of the axle and has a long
sleeve, at the end of which is keyed or fixed a flanged brake pulley j fitted with a
suitable band brake similar to those fitted on the Hanged rims 2 and 9 or other
suitable known form of clutch, and by which it may be prevented from rotating
or checked to the desired extent. The clement of the epicycloidal train. is
preferably mounted upon the sleeve so as to revolve freely thereon. It is also
provided with a flanged rim and a band or other friction brake by which it
may be held stationary or allowed to revolve at will. The internally cut teeth
are in gear with the pinion or planet wheels h. A clutch box is also formed on
the element k by which it is rotated.,
A sleeve m provided with clutches m' and m² is mounted upon the sleeve c² and
is provided with a shipping collar m³ and forked shipping lever m. The sleeve m
is fixed so as to rotate with the sleeve by the key or feather m³ but is capable
of a sliding movement in the line of the axle or shaft c¹, spaces me and m² being
provided as clearance.
Upon the sleeve m are loosely mounted two toothed bevel wheels n and o in
gear with the toothed bevel pinion b. Each of these bevel wheels is provided with
clutch boxes n' and o A clutch n is also keyed to the boss of the wheel n to
rotate therewith but free to slide lengthwise thereon. This clutch is provided or
formed with a shipping collar n2 and shipping forked lever
.
In order to keep the bevel wheel o in gear with the pinion b a collar > is fitted
loosely upon the end of the boss of the bevel wheel o. A similar loose collar
is also fitted upon the boss j¹ of the pulley j, the two collars are fixed together by
rods p passing through openings formed in the collar m³.
The shipping levers n³ and m are fixed to rods q which are moved by hand
levers or equivalent means.
The clutches n', m² and m¹ and the corresponding clutch boxes 1, n and o¹ are
formed in the case illustrated to drive each in one direction only, but in other
cases when the same speeds are required when travelling in either direction the
cíutches and clutch boxes are formed accordingly.
Sliding blocks m8 and n5 are disposed in the grooves of the shipping collars m
and n3, and the forked ends of the shipping levers m and n³ are pivoted to them.
When the pinion b is rotating from right to left say, and the clutches m n
and 2, and the forked ends of the shipping levers m and 3 are pivotal to them.
bearings. Also when the element k is free to rotate through its brake drum k
not being clutched and the element i is driven through the clutch m¹ or m³
being in gear with the bevil wheel n or o, or when the element k, is driven through
its clutch n' and the element i is free to rotate through its brake drum j not being
clutched, the gearing may rotate without communicating motion to the shaft or
axle cl.
If however the elements & and i be clutched to the bevil wheel n so as to rotate
therewith an aggregate speed in the disc f or the same as that of the bevel wheel
is obtained; but by clutching the element i to the bevel wheel o so as to rotate
therewith a certain differential speed of the disc f is obtained.
According to this arrangement of gearing two further different speeds of the
disc f in one direction can be obtained first by clutching the element to the bevil
wheel n and fixing the element i by its brake drum j, and secondly by clutching
the clement to the bevil wheel a through the clutch m² and fixing the element .

page_text: Also the disc f can be made to rotate in the opposite direction by fixing the
element and clutching the element i to the bevil wheel o.
It is obvious that in some cases the balance gear will be dispensed with, as
when one travelling wheel only is driven, in which case the element f is fixed
directly to the hub or axle.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim
is:-
The improved construction of gear for transmitting the motion of a shaft
rotating at a uniform angular speed to produce certain reduced angular speeds
in the travelling wheel or wheels of a vehicle in both directions substantially as
herein before described and illustrated in the drawing.