IMPROVE- MENTS IN RAILWAYS AND IN LOCOMOTIVE CARRIAGES
Year: 1836

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
AUGUSTUS KOLLMANN, Organist of His Majesty's German Chapel, Saint James'
Palace, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-third day of April, in the sixth year of His reign,
did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
George Augustus Kollmann, His especial license, full power, sole privilege
and authority, that I, the said George Augustus Kollman, my exors, adñors,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said George Augustus Kollmann, my
exors, admňors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed.
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, aud vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN RAILWAYS AND IN LOCOMOTIVE CARRIAGES;" in which said Letters
Patent is contained a proviso, that I, tho said George Augustus Kollmann,
shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His said Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
George Augustus Kollmann, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention,

page_text: and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon, that is to say:-
My Invention of improvements in railways and in locomotive carriages
consist in adapting or applying certain means, hereafter described, for
preventing the carriages running off the road, and for enabling the carriages
passing along railroads so improved to move or pass along much sharper
curves with safety than can be effected according to the present construction
of railways and locomotive carriage travelling thereon.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 represents the section of a railroad or way.
a represents the
application of a T rail in between the rails on which the carriages run; the
object of this rail is to guide the carriages, and at the same time to prevent
the carriages being thrown off the rail. Figure 2 is another arrangement for
a like purpose; Figure 3 is a plan of so much of a locomotive carriage and of
the railway shewn at Figure 1 as will serve to explain my improvement on
locomotive carriages; Figure 4 is also a plan of so much of a locomotive
carriage as will serve to explain another arrangement of carrying out this
improvement in locomotive carriages; Figure 5 shews a sketch by which the
means of applying my improvements to locomotive carriages and manner of
action will readily be understood. a, a, is the main rail or governing track,
which also is so constructed as to prevent the carriages running or being
thrown off the track. I would remark that I do not confine myself to any
particular mode of affixing such rail or governing track, though in that of
Figure 1, I prefer that it should be a double Trail, that is, having the part
a, for preventing the carriage being thrown off the railway; the part for
controlling the direction of movement of the carriage; and the part c, perfo-
rated alternately on the two sides of b, at about a yard apart, for receiving
holding down bolts d, which I prefer to be driven into holes formed in the stone
sleepers, such holes being first plugged with wood plugs or dowels, as is well
understood, and in like manner to what is in common practice for securing
the ordinary chairs of railways to their sleepers, but in the present instance I
dispense with the necessity of sleepers. The under rail of Figure 2 consists
of a hollow trunk or way, in which a wheel is intended to run, as will be
hereafter described; the parts 6 serving the purpose of controlling the direction
of the carriages, and the parts a serving for the purpose of preventing the
carriages being thrown off the railway. c, Figures 1 and 3 and 5, represent
b

page_text: four wheels, two on each side of the rail b, these wheels move on axes affixed
to the frame f, as will be clearly seen by an inspection of the Drawing. This
framef is affixed to and projects from the axles of the wheels g of locomotive
carriages, and by this means the wheels 9 are governed and caused to turn in
any direction in which the frame f is controlled to move by the governing
rail b, and in order to this being effected, the axles of the wheels g move on.
axles h, in like manner to what is commonly called the locking motion of
common road carriages, and the wheels g have no flanges, consequently the
rails on which they run may be simple plates or plain bars of iron fixed on
sleepers. It will be seen that the only difference of the arrangement at
Figures 2 and 4 is that in place of having two wheels e moving between
the two parallels b, a greater number is required. Now, it will be evident
that on motion being communicated to the carriages, that they will be.
controlled to move according to the direction of the rail b, and will be retained
securely on the railway by such rail b, aided by the parts a, which prevent the
carriages being thrown off the line by any sudden jerk, and this advantageous
effect is principally effected, so far as the construction of the carriages are
concerned, by the frames f, which, by their leverage and their being controlled
to move along the rail b, cause the axles of the wheels
to move in any
direction, depending on the line of the rail b, that rail 6 being affixed in a
parallel line between the rails on which the wheels g of the carriages run.
And I would remark that although I prefer that there should be such parallel,
middle, and governing rail b, yet it will be evident that where the construction
of the rails on which the wheels 9 run is such as to allow of wheels such as e
running along them, that then the frame f may be so constructed as to
produce like effects on the axles of the wheels g and govern their direction,
and at the same time keep them on their rails, notwithstanding the various
curves which are necessary in the constructing of railways.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I would remark that I am aware that wheels
like e have been before employed or recommended to be employed for the
purpose of preventing the locomotive carriages running off railways, I do not
therefore claim the same, as I am also aware that a third or middle rail has
been before recommended and possibly employed in the construction of
railways, but for other purposes, I do not therefore claim such arrangement
generally, but what I do claim is,―
First, the application of the parts a to such middle rail, to prevent the
carriage wheels running on other rails from being thrown off by any sudden
ierk

page_text: And, secondly, I claim the application of the frame f to control the wheels
of locomotive carriages running on railways, in order to cause the wheels of
such carriages to keep the required track, the axles of such wheels g being
capable of movement on axes h, such frame f being caused to move correctly
to the rails on which the locomotive carriages are running by wheels e, as
above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Augustus Kollmann, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-six.
GEORGE AUGUSTUS (L.S.) KOLLMANN.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-first day of October,
in the year of our Lord 1836, the aforesaid George Augustus Kollmann came
before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the
Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified,
in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Twenty-second day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and thirty-six.