Improved Adding and Printing Machine.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Sept., 1896--Accepted, 18th Dec., 1897
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Adding and Printing Machine.
We DORR EUGENE FELT, Inventor, and ROBERT TARRANT, Gentleman, both of
52 to 56 Illinois Street, Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois,
U. S. A, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
This invention relates to an improved machine for automatically adding and
printing numerals, and printing the totals representing the sums of said additions,
the invention being also applicable to the performance of other forms of arith-
metic, such as division, subtraction, multiplication, &c.
In our said machine we employ keys bearing numerals, said keys being arranged
to be set in the first instance to bring into operation a desired number, but with-
out causing said nunerals to be printed, which latter operation is performed by
a vertically vibrating frame which is actuated by a hand lever. Said hand lever is
located at one side of the machine, and serves to operate the mechanism of all the
set keys simultaneously and at one operation. The hand lever in the same opera-
tion in which it causes the actuation of the numeral wheels, also acts to cause
the printing of the figures represented in the keys which were set, the movement
of the ink ribbon and the feed of the paper. Said lever further assists in the
carrying operation. The invention consists in the novel construction of the
devices hereinafter described and pointed out in the claims.
In the accompanying drawings which form a part of this specification,
Figure 1 is a plan.
Figure 2 is a front elevation.
Figure 3 is an elevation of one of the sides.
Figure 4 is a central longitudinal vertical section.
Figure 5 an elevation of the other side, and
Figure 6 a rear elevation.
Figure 7 is an enlarged partial vertical longitudinal section.
Figure 8 is a detail section of one of the numeral wheels and its actuating and
controlling devices.
Figure 9 is a partial elevation of the same.
Figure 10 is a view similar to Figure 8, looking in the opposite direction.
Fig. 10 is a detail view showing part of Fig. 10.
Figure 11 is a side view of one of the numeral wheels.
Figure 12 is a partial horizontal section showing the vibrating frame.
Figures 13 and 14 are detail sections on the lines 13-13 and 14-14 of Figure 7.
Figure 15 is a perspective of the printing plunger and adjacent parts.
Figures 16 and 17 are vertical sections of the hammer and paper controlling
mechanism showing the parts in different positions.
Figure 18 is a plan of the swinging frame for causing the tripping of the
hammers.
Figure 19 is a partial vertical section of the rear end of the machine.
Figure 20 is a horizontal section on the line 2020 of Ticuro 16 and

page_text: Figure 20 is an enlarged detail perspective of the hammer pawl.
Figures 21 and 22 are inside face views of the main cam, showing the parts
in different positions.
Figure 23 shows the safety latch for preventing reversal of motion during a stroke
of the hand lever.
Figure 24 is a vertical section showing the paper guard.
Figure 25 is a front elevation of the ribbon and paper guides.
Figure 26 is a section on the line 26-26 of Figure 25.
Figure 27 is a plan of the ribbon spools and guide.
Figure 28 is a perspective of the impression strip and frame.
Figure 29 is a perspective of the numeral wheel carrying mechanism.
Figure 30 is a view of the same mechanism.
In Figures 2, 3, 5, and 6 the casting is omitted. In the drawings X represents
the surrounding case of our improved printing and calculating machine, Y are
side plates supporting most of the parts, and AA aue the keys arranged in
denominational rows with nine in each row, in the usual manner. BB are the
numeral wheels, B'B' the segment levers pivoted at and operating the wheels,
and B B the pinions meshing with the segment levers and suitably connected
to the wheels so they may serve to rotate them in the forward direction only.
In the present invention the segment levers are not operated immediately by
striking, but instead thereof the depression of the keys is a mere setting operation
in which the keys are permitted to descend only a short distance and for a
portion only of their stroke, sufficient to bring about engagement with the channel
bars as hereinafter explained, and in this setting operation, the levers which aro
to be operated are coupled to said bars which form part of a vibrating frame
Jocated below the series of segment levers and adapted to move simultaneously
such of them as may correspond to the keys which are set. The frame is com-
posed of a series of channel bars CC, one for each row of keys, secured together
by cross bars C C and longitudinal plates CC so as to form a rigid and strong
structure. The frame is supported upon four crank arms, two CC of which, are
mounted upon cross shaft C+ under the rear of the frame, and the other two C5 C5
are upon a second rocking cross shaft C, which receives power from shaft C by
means of the upstanding arms C7, one upon each of said shafts and a bar C
connecting the upper ends of said arms. (See Figs. 4, 7, and 12.). The cranks C³
and C5 located at the same side of the machine with said arms C7 may and desir-
ably are in one piece with the latter, forming bell crank levers. The ends of the
cranks and Care pivotally joined to cross bars C passing through downward
extensions of the longitudinal plates C as seen at Fig. 4. It will be seen from
this construction that the cranks C3 and C5 will all move in unison so that the
frame will vibrate up and down without losing its horizontality. Power for
giving this movement is applied to the cross shaft C by the cam Co pivoted
upon the stud shaft C inserted in the side plates of the machine, the shaft O
having an upstanding arm C12 provided with a pin C3 which enters the slot C
in said cam and is forced towards the front of the machine by the turning of the
cam, see Fig. 3. A hand lever Cs is secured to the cam as shown, in Fig. 1,
and after the proper keys have been set, the operator imparts a downward stroko
to said hand lever and thereby operates the cam which causes the vibrating frame
to descend and carry with it the segment levers whose keys have been set. In so
doing the numeral wheels corresponding to said segment levers are turned either
to show the amount represented by the keys which were set, or to add that amount
to the amount already represented by the wheels. In addition to this, we also
through the same stroke of the hand lever, cause the actuation of the printing
mechanism hereinafter described, and record the sum represented on the keys
which were set. The segment levers B are each provided with retracting
springs Casas seen at Fig. 4.
The keys themselves are made the means of carrying motion from the vibrating
frame to the segment levers by the following construction: the stoms of the keys

page_text: are extended downward and passed through openings in the bottom or horizontal
web of the channel bars C, the extension being carried below the lowest plane
touched by the vibrating frame in its downward movement. The stems pass down
at the sides of the segment levers as at Fig. 13, and above the levers each key,
stem is provided with a lateral offset, projection or shoulder A', shown in same
figure, adapted to bear upon the segment lever, and force it down when the stem
is drawn down by the vibrating frame. As the frame always moves to the same
extent, the shoulders A' upon the key stems are located in different horizontal
planes so that they may come in contact with the segment levers at an early or
late stage in the movement, according to the power of the key. Thus the 9 key
will engage the segment lever very soon after it commences to descend in the
setting movement, while the 1 key will not engage until near the close of its
stroke. In this manner the proper amount of movement is communicated to the
segment levers. We prefer to form the shoulders by bending the key stems as
clearly indicated at Fig. 13 that being a very simple operation, and moreover
the upper sides of the bends may be made to engage the stops A, which hang
down from the top of the machine and act to limit the upward movement of the
keys received from the retracting springs A3. Instead of a bend or offset, the
shoulders may obviously be other wise formed. When the keys are depressed
by hand, their steams are automatically coupled to the vibrating frame by means
of the dogs or latches A, of which there is one for each key. The dogs or
latches are pivoted in channel bars C, and are actuated by springs A so that they
engage the notches or shoulders A in the key stems whenever the stems are
moved down in the setting operation.. The stems are also provided with other
shoulders A adapted to engage the bottom of the channel bars C, and to limit
the down movement in setting. In Fig. 4 one of the keys is shown as depressed
with this shoulder resting against the surface of the channel bar, and with the
latch engaging notch A. We prefer that the portion of the stems which passes
through and below the channel bars should be reduced in size from the upper
portious as shown at Fig. 7 and preferably by flattening the same so as to prevent
the key from turning.
With this construction, when the vibrating frame is forced down the kuy whose
stem is engaged by its latch, will be drawn down with the frame, and such key,
will also cause its corresponding segment lever to move with it to the extent
necessary to impart an amount of rotation to the numeral wheel which shall agree
with the power of the key.
To release the keys from the vibrating frame, a supplemental light frame best
shown at Figs. 4, 7, and 12, consisting of longitudinal bars D) and cross wires D',
one of the latter being located immediately behind each transverso row of the
latches A, is employed, and this frame is supported at one end by arms D upon
the cruss shaft 1 having bearings in the plate U of the vibrating frame, and at
the other end by arms D pivoted to said plates. The releasing frame moves
with the vibrating frame, being supported upon the latter, but it is also capable
of a horizontal motion which it receives from the rocking of said shaft D, in
which it moves the entire series of latches sufficiently to release any of them which
may be in engagement with the keys. The rocking of the shaft is due to the
crank arm D upon its outer end as shown at Fig. 3. This crank arm has a
in 1 which when the vibrating frame carries the crank arm and its shaft down,
is engaged by the latch D stationarily pivoted to the side of the machine. A
spring is attached to the latch and acts to force it into its engaging position
whenever the latch is free to yield to it. The crank arm also carries a pin D,
which sets under the rearwardly extending arm D of the latch and normally
holds the latch away from its acting position.
With the mechanism just described, and which is most fully shown, at Fig. 3,
the operation will be as follows: when the vibrating frame moves down, it carries
the crank arm 15 with it and thereby allows the latch D7 to swing in obedience
to its spring Ds into position, where it will engage the pin D when the parts rise

page_text: in their return movement. This engagement causes a momentary detention of the
outer end of D5 while the shaft and other parts continue to rise, thus a slight
.rocking movoment of the shaft ensues which imparts a horizontal movement to
the releasing frame, whereby the key coupling latches are released. Before tho
upward movement has ceased, however, the pin 1 will carry the arm 110 to a
sufficient height to force the latch away from the pin D and thus release the
crank arm from the latch.
The releasing frame is also made operable by an independent lever, in order to
enable the operator to correct mistakes made in depressing the keys before adding
or printing. This lever which is shown at E, Fig. 3 resembles an inverted Tin
shape, and is stationary pivoted at E. One arm of the lever carries a pro-
jection E2 adapted to hear down upon and depress the crank arm D5 when the
upper end of said lever is moved towards the rear of the machine, such movement
releasing the key coupling latches, and allowing the keys to resume their normal
positions, as will be understood from what is written above.. A spring E³ acts
upon this lever E to draw it towards the front, and a catch E normally holds the
lever in the position shown at Fig. 3. The end of the other arm E of the lever
is rounded as shown in order that it may be made to keep the latch D7 out of
engagement with the crank arm D5 whenever the operator desires to repeat any
number without resetting the keys for such numbers. In order to accomplish
this repetition the operator releases the catch E and the hever immediately
swings towards the fornt of the machine, carrying the rounded end E into a
position where it will prevent the latch D from assuming its operative position.
The. hand lever C15 may, while the latch is thus, held, receive any number of
strokes desired, and with each one it will add and record the, sum represented
by the set keys, without releasing the keys.. This release is readily effected at any
time, however, by moving the lever E back in the same manner as in releasing
the keys in correcting mistakes in setting.
The catch E is provided with a spring E for returning it to position, and it
is automatically forced out of the way by lever E. when the latter is swung back
to release the keys. The vibrating frame is returned to its normal position: after
each operation by spring C6 attached to one of the upstanding arms C, the re-
leasing frame is returned by the springs A5 which are strained by the horizontal
movement of the frame and the return of the frame causes the rocking of shaft D³
back to its original position, and the cam C10 is returned after each stroke of the
hand lever by the spring C7 attached to the said cam and casing.
In order to prevent injury to the apparatus, as well as mistakes, we provide a
mechanism whereby only full strokes can be given to the hand lever. In other
words, there is no possibility after a stroke in either direction is once begun, of
reversing the direction of the movement before that stroke is fully com-
pleted. This mechanism fully shown at Fig. 23 consists of the segment C18
upon the rear face of the cam Co having fine teeth cut in its edge
the projecting dogs C19 at top and bottom of the segment, and a doubled
pointed pawl C20 pivoted centrally upon a stationary pivot Cal and having a
stud projecting from its side face into the path of the dogs C and acting
with said dogs in reversing the pawl at the end of each up and down movement
of the segment. One point of the pawl prevents downward movement, and
the other prevents upward movement, and when the pawl is positioned by
either of the dogs and the stud, it is retained in the position thus given it by the
spring pressed trigger C, located in the rear of the pawl and having a V-shaped
point adapted to engage with either side of the similarly shaped point C2 upon
the rear face of the pawl. Upon the completing of the stroke the pawl is re-
versed by the contact of the other dog with the stud, and the trigger then acts
in a similar manner to hold the pawl in the reversed position.
Corresponding to each segment lever is a swinging segmental type head F, a
which, by the descent of the lever is lifted into position to present the proper
type to the impression devices. All the type heads are loosely supported and
.:

page_text: swung upon the stationary cross shaft F, and the connections between them
and the levers are suitable for carrying motion from one to the other These
connections desirably consist of links 1 pivoted at their lower ends to the segment
levers, and cranks F to which the links are also pivoted at their upper ends.
The cranks are rigidly connected to the type heals, either directly as in the case
of the two cranks and type heads at the middle of the series, (said two cranks
being bent laterally as shown in Fig. 1) or indirectly in the case of the type
heads other than the centre ones by means of a connecting bar F rigidly secured
in risers or projections F and F one upon the crank and the other upon the
type head,
GG are the impression hammers, all loosely hung upon a shaft G₁, and each is
provided with an actuating spring G and a controlling pawl G³. Each pawl is
Ekewise provided with a spring G, the tendency of which is to keep the pawl in
engagement with the hammer. The hammers are released from their pawls,
preparatory to a printing operation of mechanism as follows:-Each of tho
segment levers carries a bar or hever H shown at Figure 4 extending downwardly
and rearwardly in a diagonal direction and pivotally attached to the segment.
lever. At its lower end this bar passes between two stationary cross bars or
rods HH2 which serve as guides in its movements, one being above the bar and
the other below it. The under side of the bar is also cut away so as to form a
shoulder at H3, and this shoulder is normally in engagement with a stud H
carried upon the lower end of an elbow lever H³ pivoted upon the cross bar H
The descent of the segment will, through the lever H, shoulder H and stud H
cause the elbow lover to rock on its pivot, but before the rocking has proceeded
far the stud will slip from under the shoulder and during the remainder of the
downward movement of lever H, it will simply ride on the stud without com-
municating further motion to the elbow lever.
The rocking of lever H, received as just described carries its upper end inward
from the position given at Fig. 4, and into close proximity to the lower end of
the corresponding pawl G3 of hammer G. The lever H also carries an elbow
like projection H shown at Figs. 16, 17, & 18 the upper point of which engages
the rear of cross bar of a swinging frame H secured to a rock shaft H10 when
the described inward movement of the upper end of the lever occurs, and thus
limits temporarily that movement. In the interior of said swinging frame and
secured to the same rock shaft therewith, is a comb H", the teeth of which act
as guides to the rocking elbow lever and ensures its striking the proper hammer
Fawl. The further motion of the elbow in which it acts to release the pawl, is
received from the downward swing of the frame H whereby its rear bar, by which
the elbow lever was arrested, is carried into the inclined slot Hupon the
interior of the elbow projection of lever H, and this action results in forcing
the upper extremity H of the lever against the hammer pawl and releases the
latter so that the hammer is freed and makes an impression.
The movement of the swinging frame H and its shaft Ho is received from the
main cam C through the medium of a slotted lever H, a stud H, upon the
cam and working in the slot of the lever, and a crank He upon the shaft H10 and
to which crank the lever is pivoted as will be understood from Fig. 3. The slots
permit the cam stud to move nearly through its range of oscillation before it
will give motion to the shaft H10, so that the frame H is not actuated until near
the conclusion of the down stroke of the hand lever. This gives time for the
ype heads to arrive at. their proper positions before the hammers are released.
The hammer pawls, are each provided as shown at Figs. 4, 6, 20, and 20^, with
a flange G which extends laterally to the right and over the next pawl in onder
upon that side. By means of these flanges when any pawl is released by the
mechanism above described, it also causes the release of 'all the pawls in the series
ying to the right of the one released by the mechanism, causing the automatic
printing of the zerus to the right of any pawl released by the operator through
one of the levers H³.

page_text: The paper ribbon or strip W is passed as indicated at Figures 4, 16, & 17 from
the spool W down between the front shield or guide 1, and rear plates 1 and 1,
the former being stationary, and the plate 1 being hinged to the plate 1 and
depending therefrom. The paper then enters first into the bite of the rollers I*
and 1, and is deflected by guides 1 around said roller 1 and between it and
roller I. Roller I is actuated between the successive printing operations by the
pawd 1 upon the lever I pivotally joined at its lower end to the main cam and
the
at its upper end to a crank I upon the shaft G and the ratchet disk I upon
shaft of the central roller I. A second pawl 1 also engages disk I and is
yieldingly held against it by a spring 1 and serves to prevent over or too free
rotation. The actuation of roller 1 draws the paper from the spool and forces
it up again past the printing centre as plainly mustrated, and it may be also
actuated independently of the mechanism described by the thumb nut 1 (Fig 6)
upon one end of its shaft. At the other end the shafts of rollers 1, 1, and 1
are provided with intermeshing gears 1, 1, and 1 (Fig 5), so that the actua
tion of one gives motion to the other two. The swinging or hinged plate I is
cut away at the printing centre as shown at 18, Fig. 28, and across this opening
we place a thin rubber sheet 1 which softens the blow of the hammers against
The rubber is
the type, and also improves the character of the impression.
caught at each end upon the buttons 1 We also move this plate close up
against the paper just before the printing takes place, by means of a swinging
frame best seen at Figs. 16 and 17 and consisting of arms 12 upon shaft G and
a cross bar connecting the arms, said shaft being actuated in the early stages
of the stroke of hand lever O in a direction which swings said plate down
against plato 1 and moves it from the position given at Fig. 16 to that given at
Fig. 17, thereby forcing the two thicknesses, the up and down courses of the
paper, closely together, a desirable result as better impressions can be obtained
usually when two thicknesses of paper in close contact are interposed between the
hammer and type than with one. A light spring 1 retracts the plate after it is
released by arms I, so as to normally keep it out of the way when putting in new
strips of paper.
The hammers or such of them. as have been released in the printing operation
are, at the conclusion of the printing, returned to their normal positions by the
swinging frame 121 122 above described which extends across the series of hammers
and is actuated in this function by the springs 12. As the frame 1, 1 returns
to its normal position, the plate i returns under the power of the spring 1 to
the position shown in Fig. 16. In order that the frame may be swung when the
t: tais are printed as hereinafter set forth, the lever 18 is slotted at 12 as shown.
The ink ribbon J is carried upon spools J which may be actuated inter-
mittently by any suitable gearing, as for instance by mechanism shown at Figs. 3,
4, and 27 and consisting of bevel gears Je J, one of which is upon shaft J carrying
a ratchet wheel J receiving motion from the pawl Je borne upon the lever 1.
"The shaft J is carried by the swinging arms J and is movable by hand so as to
permit it to be brought into engagement with the shaft of either spool as desired,
and J is the lever for changing the engagement from one spool to the other,
which it does by lifting or deprossing the shaft J, the guars J upon the spool
shafts being located in different horizontal planes. We have thought it un-
necessary to illustrate this ribbon controlling mechanism fully, as no part of that
shown is new at this time.
In the printing of the answers or the sums of the numbers added, the operator
depresses the plunger K. This plunger is located near the front of the machine,
and is provided with a longitudinal feather K the lower end of which is normally
in engagement with a pin K2, Fig. 5, projecting laterally from the side of the
cam K secured upon the end of the rock shaft K, and through such pin rocks
said shaft when the plunger is moved down. Shaft K is angular in cross section,
and when rocked as just stated, (and near the beginning of the stroke of the
plunger) it acts to force the series of stop pawls K Figs. 8 and 10 of which

page_text: there is one for each numeral wheel, into locking engagement with the pins B³
projecting from the sides of the wheels and serving as ratchets whereby the wheels
may be moved for carrying by the pawls B mounted upon carrying levers B³,
and also as means whereby the wheels may be engaged by the oppositely acting
pawls B and B. The stop pawls K are pivoted on the cross shaft K and all
held normally out of engagement by springs K7.
When the plunger actuates the cam shaft K it also moves the adjacent shaft K8
longitudinally through the engagement of said cam K³ with a notch in shaft K8,
as will be understood from Figs. 2, 4, and 15, and this longitudinal movement
carries the plates K' upon said shaft into such position that they disengage the
pawls B, Fig. 10, whose office it is to carry motion. from the pinions to the
numeral wheels, so that no motion will be given the wheels during this printing
operation and while the pawls remain disengaged. Motion is carried from the
pinions B2 to the numeral wheels B, as follows: The pinions B2 and the numeral
wheels B move separately on the shaft a. On the inside of the numeral wheels B
are pivoted pawls B which engage the ratchet wheels B, which latter are fixed
to the pinions 13. If the segment lever B' rotates the pinions B² the ratchet
wheels B act on the pawls 1313 and thereby rotate the numeral wheels B, the
pawls B being held down by the spring B
The descent of the plunger also operates a lever K upon shaft K", Fig. 5.
This shaft carries a series of arms Kone for each segment lever. Said arms are
joined by springs K to their corresponding segment levers, and when the shaft
is rocked by means of the plunger, the arms and springs will draw the segment
levers down. This downward movement of the segments positions the type heads
through the medium of links F and cranks Fint proper position so they will
print the figures corresponding to those indicated by the numeral wheel at the
sight opening Z. At this time it will be remembered that the numeral wheels
are all locked by their pawis K, and the pinions which mesh with the segments
and through which the wheels are actuated in their forward rotation, are, through
the medium, later explained, disengaged from the wheels and allowed to turn
with the segments under the power of the springs K until the segments have
reached a position corresponding to those of the wheels. Further movement of
the pinions and segments is then arrested by the engagement of shoulders as
about, to be described.
The ratchet wheels B15 and numeral wheels B have on the sides which face
each other shoulders B1 and B18, the shoulders B17 being on the numeral wheel
and 18 on the ratchet wheel, Figs. 10 and 10%.
These shoulders B and B are in the position shown at fig. 10 when the
numeral wheels are at zero. When the numeral wheel is turned to a number by
the means described before the shoulders are in the position shown in Fig. 10.
Now, when the segment levers B' are acted upon by the springs K, the ratchet
wheels rotate backward and are stopped by the shoulders B and 138, and thereby
hold the pinions and ratchet wheels in the normal position. In order to dis-
engage the pinion from the numeral wheel the plate K passes longitudinally
over the pawl 113, thereby depressing the free end and disengaging it from the
ratchet wheel. Any further movement of the arms K will be accomodated by
the stretch of the springs K. It will be understood that the segment levers of
such of the wheels as stand at zero are not changed at the time the answer is
printed.
The operation of the segment levers imparts the initial or positioning move-
ment to the tripping levers H, as already set forth, and by means of the plunger
and lever K, we also actuate the frame H through which, and said tripping
levers, the hammers are released and allowed to print. For this latter purpose
an upstanding arm L is applied to the pivoted end of lever K, and the upper
end of said arm acts as a striker against the depending crank arm L upon the
end of the side of the machine shown at fig. 5 of the shaft. H, and imparts the
same movement to said frame and its shaft as they receive from the actuation

page_text: of the hand lever C through the mechanism located upon the opposite side of
the machine.
A lever L also extends from the pivoted end of lever K to the frame or
housing L in which the hammers are supported as seen at fig. 5. This house or
frame is provided, with depending flanges L and these are pivoted upon the cross
bar L supported in the main frame, Figs. 16 and 17. It will be seen that the
whole house or frame can be swung slightly around the cross bar L. The front
of this housing is given a slight upward movement by the levers L2 at each
actuation of the plunger. The purpose of this feature is to bring the hammer
and type into proper alignment at the time of making the impression.
Adjacent to each of the stop pawls K5 is a slotted link K" whose function it
is to draw the stop pawls Ks into locking engagement with the numeral wheels at
the conclusion of the adding operation. To this end each pawl is provided with
a pin R which enters the slot of the link, and the links are all joined one to
each channel bar C of the vibrating frame so they are forced down with said
frame. The slots are of such length as to. ensure their acting upon the pawls at
the conclusion of their down movement. In this manner the wheels are pre-
vented from over rotation.
We find it desirable to employ friction brakes with the numeral wheels, and
show such devices at Fig. 8. They are in the form of spring depressed or weighted
levers M riding upon the tops of the wheels and pivoted at shaft Ke between the
stationary plates M3 interposed between each pair of segment levers and supported
upon a cross bar M³. These brakes exert only the slight power due to their
gravity or a suitable spring. They are normally kept out of contact with the
wheels, and are released for action only at the beginning of each stroke of the
hand lever C, so that they are all bearing upon the wheels at the time the latter
are actuated by the lever but are lifted so as not to bear on the numeral wheels
while they are being turned by the tens carrying levers. For thus controlling
them the following devices are employed: N is a rock shaft placed in front of
the wheels, and having a shoulder or feather N upon which the forward ends of
the brake levers normally rest as shown in Figs. 7 and 8. A rocking of this
shaft lifts and lowers the brake levers to the extent necessary to relieve the
brakes from action or to put them in action, and such rocking motion is derived
from the main cam Co by means of an elbow lever N2 actuated by the cam, 3
link N3, and a crank N, the latter upon shaft N. A spring Nå attached to
crank N acts constantly on the shaft N and returns it to its normal position
during the up stroke of the hand lever C15. The elbow lever N2 does not receive
its actuation directly from enm C but instead thereof from an auxiliary or
movable cam piece Ne pivoted upon the vertical side face of cam C. The acting
face of this cam piece is nearly vertical at its forward end N', and 'at the beginning
of the stroke of the hand lever tlie roller N upon the elbow lever rides up this
surface N, and the crank N is moved to its furthest extent. Immediately after
passing the vertical surface N the roller descends the slope N upon the cam
thereby allowing the spring Na to move the crank arm partially back towards
its normal position, and thus to rock the shaft N to a slight degree, but not
sufficiently to lift the brake levers from the wheels. The purpose of this partial
return rocking of the shaft will be explained later on. After passing the slope N",
the roller rides around the long portion No of the cam piece, but does not thereby
move the elbow lever inasmuch as that portion of the cam piece is concentric with
the axis of the main cain. The cam piece No is retained in its acting position
shown at Fig. 21 during the down stroke of hand lever C by a pawl Nu pivoted
to the main cam and having a spring Na tending to keep the pawl N under the
leg N of the cam piece N thereby holding the cam piece N in its neting
position until a stop N1 secured in the side of the machine encounters the
pawl N near the conclusion of the oscillating movement of the main cam caused
by the descent of the hand lever, and forces the pawl Nt from under the leg N
so that the cam piece is then free to swing on its pivot to the position given at

page_text: Fig. 22. It remains in this position until the return oscillation of the main cam
is nearly ended when the lug N18 of the cam piece No encountens another
stationary stop N fixed in the side of the machine which lifts the cam piece Ne
into its acting position, and allows the pawl N to drop into position to hold it
there until again released by the pawl N coming into contact with the pin N
The rocking shaft N, is also given an additional office which we now describe.
It carries a series of projecting pins or stops 0, shown at Figs. 7, 8 and 9 one
for each tens carrying lever, and when the shaft is rocked as already described,
these pins are brought against the tens carrying levers and force them back
towards the front of the machine and against the power of their springs B10 to
the position in which they are caught by the spring actuated retaining latches O'
The latches hold the levers against action until released from the latches by the
cams 0 borne by the numeral wheels. There is a currying lever 1 for each
numeral wheel except that the numeral wheel of the highest order need not be
provided with one. Each lever is pivoted upon a shaft 1", and each lever is
provided with a pawl 13 which is normally pressed to engage the pins of the
next higher numeral wheel B by a spring Bio as best shown in Figs. 7, 8, and 9.
O indicates a series of spring actuated detents as best shown in Figs. 7 and 9,
one for each tens carrying lever B. Each detent O is pivated upon a shaft a
at one end, and has a projection 0 at its other and extending over the cam (2
on the corresponding numeral wheel. Each detent it also provided with a
latch 05 as best shown in Fig. 7, adapted to engage with a latch 06 on its corre-
sponding tens carrying lever B
The engagement of a latch with its carrying lever holds the latter back
against the pressure of the spring 10 until by the rotation of the numeral wheel,
the high point of the cam of the corresponding numeral wheel engages the
projection O on the detent 0, thereby lifting the latch O out of engagement
with the tens carrying lever B and allowing the carrying lever to swing towards
the numeral wheel under the power of its spring B.1
The rocking shaft N carries a series of projecting pins or stops shown at
Figs. 8 and 9, one for each carrying lever, and when the shaft is rocked these
pins are brought against the tens carrying levers, and force them back towards
the front of the machine, against the power of their springs B10 to a position in
which they are caught by the latches 0 Each latch holds the tens carrying
lever which it engages from backward movement under the power of said spring
until released from its retaining latch by the cam 0 borne by the numeral
wheel.
As already explained the rocking motion of the shaft N is derived from the
main cam Co by means of the elbow lever N2 actuated by the cam, a link N³
and a crank N, the latter fast on the shaft N, while the elbow lever N2 receives
its actuation from an auxiliary or movable cam piece Ne pivoted upon the
vertical side face of cam Co having a nearly vertical forward end N, upon which
at the beginning of the stroke of the hand lever, the roller N of the elbow lever
rides, and the crank N is moved to its furthest extent causing the pins 0 of the
reck shaft N, to press against the tens carrying levers, and force them back
towards the front of the machine.
As already described, the shaft N is partially returned towards its normal
position immediately after receiving its full rocking movement, and before the
hand lever C has completed its down stroke, and in its partial return the pin's O
fall away from the tens carrying levers B a short distance, so that when any
latch or latches O' are forced out of engagement with a lever or levers, such
lever or lovers will swing under the power of their springs B until they encounter
said pins in the intermediate position of the latter as shown at Fig. 7. This
is but a limited movement but it is sufficient to prevent a re-engagement with
the latches. As the main cam nearly completes its oscillation, the stop pin N15
engages the pawl N" and forces it out from under the leg N" of the cam piece N°
allowing the latter to drop down past the face of the main cam, and on the up

page_text: stroke of the hand lever, the lever roller N8 rides upon the edge of the main cam
down the inclined part N18 thus allowing the pins O to swing farther away from
the tens carrying levers permitting those which have been released from the
retaining latch to swing forward under the power of their springs B10 and through
the pawls B each advances a numeral wheel one tooth, thus effecting the carrying
of the tens. The stop pin N¼ may be employed if desired to limit the movement
of the pawl N. By the construction detailed, the carrying is postponed and
does not take place until after the up stroke of the hand lever has commenced,
and not until the numeral wheels have been released from the locking action of
the stop pawls upon the raising of the vibrating frame, CC, and the slotted
links K
On the same shaft B" with the carriers B5 are pivoted latches B7 which are to
engage in the pins B³ every time an addition has been made so as to prevent
the numeral wheel B from moving beyond the point required. The spring B6
tends to press the latch in engagement. On the carrying lever B5 are pins B³ ex-
tending through holes in the latch B, Fig. 8. On the latches B are pivoted
angular pieces B10. When the carrying lever B is forced back by the rod O the
pin B9 strikes the outer edge of the bale and draws the latch 1 out of engage-
ment and allows the angular latch 1310 to engage in the pin B1 by pressure of the
spring B
This latch B is now held out of engagement until the carrying levers B5 again
act, whereby the pin 19 strikes the free end of the latch 1310 and disengages them
thereby allowing the latches B7 to again engage in the pins B³.
The latches B are merely to prevent the numeral wheel from turning backward.
When adding a long list of figures or sums, the rising end of the paper con-
taining the numbers becomes extended for a considerable distance above the
machine and is liable to bend over toward the front of the the machine and
cover some of the keys. To prevent this, we provide a machine with a movable
guard P preferable made of wire bent into U-form, which can be readily lifted
by the operator into position in front of the paper as seen at Figs. 2, 4, and 24
whenever necessary. A spring catch " engages the guard by entering a notch
at 1 near the foot thereof, and holds it when lifted to its acting position. The
automatic release of this device is desirable as when raised it is so near the
paper as to interfere somewhat with the tearing off of the part containing the
printed numbers, and hence we mount the catch upon one of the arms K12 already
described, and incline the under side of its acting point as seen at P3, so that
when the supporting arm is moved down in obedience to the plunger of the
answer printing mechanism, the inclined side P will be drawn against the
stationary guide P* located near the top of the catch, and force the catch out
of its engagement with the guard. By this means the guard is permitted to fall
by its gravity to the position in which it is shown at Figs. 3 and 5.
The frame I I2 whereby the hammers are reset and the paper moving plate I³
is actuated, is also operated in printing the answers, by the slotted lever Q
pivoted to lever K, and a crank Q upon the shaft G' carrying the frame. The
slot Qin the lever permits the operation of the frame by the impulse derived
from the lever C15, in the same manner as slot 12 in lever Is permits the frame
to move with lever Q. This will be understood readily from Figs. 3 and 5.
For the purpose of regulating the tension of the hammer springs, we attach
those springs to an adjustable frame R, mounted so as to rock on the bar R',
and rock the frame whenever the springs need regulating by means of the vertical
screws R2. See Figs. 6, 16, and 17. The paper spool is supported upon a
threaded shaft W2 and upon which it may be adjusted laterally. This shaft
is let into a stationary bearing block U3 in the outside frame, at one end, and at
the other end a thimble W4 is slipped upon it. This thimble is movably inserted
in a sleeve We supported in the frame X, and both it and the sleeve have opposing
shoulders between which a spring W is confined. With this construction, which
is fully shown at Fig. 6, the thimble and shaft are constantly forced toward the

page_text: stationary bearing by the spring, but the spring allows the shaft to be moved far
enough away from the stationary bearing to draw it from that bearing whenever
a fresh spool of paper is to be placed on the shaft.
In order to multiply we set the number to be multiplied and depress the lever
as many times as is indicated by the right hand figure of the multiplier, there
by effecting repeated addition. Then the number to be multiplied is set in place
to the left of the first position and the lever is depressed as many times as shown
in the next figure of the multiplier, and so on. Example: 426 to be multiplied
We subtract by the addition of the complement of 100,000,000. All compie.
ments are calculated beforehand and shown in red numbers on keys. Example:
29 to be subtracted from 742. The two operation complement of 29 which is:
Complement of 20-99,999,980 + complement of nine-99,999,991, the sum of
the same being 199,999,971. Adding this to 742 give us a total of 200,000,713.
The number the machine actually adds is 200,000,713 but the 200,000,000 is
beyond the capacity of the machine and does not register, and the answer is 713
shown on the register and recorded on the paper.
We divide by repeated subtractions just as we multiply by repeated additions.
With the dividend on the machine the divisor is subtracted repeatedly from the
first containing period of the dividend until the remainder is less than the divisor.
Moving to the right we have a new period, which is operated on as was the first
period, and so on.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is:
1. The combination in a calculating machine of the numeral wheels, devices for
actuating the wheels, a vibrating frame normally detached from said wheel actuat-
ing devices and serving to give motion to them when coupled thereto, and means
whereby the operator may unite said wheel actuating devices to said frame at will,
substantially as specified.
2. The combination in a calculating machine of the numeral wheels, devices
for actuating the wheels, a vibrating frame normally detached from said wheel
actuating devices but common to all of them, and serving to give motion to them
when coupled thereto, and keys whereby the operator may attach the actuating
devices of any wheel to said frame at will, substantially as specified.
3. The combination in a calculating machine of the numeral wheels, devices
for actuating the wheels, a vibrating frame normally detached from said wheel
actuating devices and serving to give motion to them when coupled thereto, keys
whereby the actuating devices of any wheel may be attached to said frame ab
will, and devices for releasing such attachment, substantially as specified.
4. The combination in a calculating machine of the keys, the numeral wheels,
and the wheel actuating devices, with a vibrating frame for giving motion to said
actuating devices, the keys themselves serving as a means whereby the wheel
actuating devices are attached to said frame, substantially as specified.
5. In a calculating machine, the combination with the numeral wheels and
their operating segment levers, of movable keys for actuating the levers, a vibrat-

page_text: ing frame for actuating the keys, and means for coupling the keys to the frame,
substantially as specified.
6. In a calculating machine, the combination with the keys, the numeral
wheels, and their operating segment levers, of a vibrating frame, means for operat-
ing the frame, and means for coupling the levers to the frame, substantially as
specified.
7. The combination in a calculating machine, of the numeral wheels and their
segment levers, a vibrating frame, and the keys, the latter serving to couple the
frame to the levers, and the frame acting when thus coupled to actuate. the lovers,
substantially as specified.
8. The combination with the segment levers, and the vibrating frame, of keys
having projections or shoulders for engaging the levers, means for coupling the
keys to the frame, and means independent of the keys for operating said frame,
substantially as specified:
9. The combination with the segment levers, and vibrating frame, of keys set
by depressing them through a portion of their stroke, said keys having projections
or shoulders for engaging the levers, and means for coupling the keys when they
are set to the frame, substantially as specified.
10. The combination of the segment levers and the vibrating frame, of the
keys set by depressing them through a portion of their stroke, said keys having
projections or shoulders for engaging the levers, means for coupling the keys
when they are set to the frame, and means for releasing the keys froin the frame,
substantially as specified.
11. The combination with the segment levers and the vibrating frame, the keys
for engaging the levers and spring latches for attaching the stems of the keys to
the frame, substantially as specified.
12. The combination with the segment levers and the vibrating frame, of the
keys for engaging the levers, spring latches for attaching the stems of the keys
to said frame, and a movable frame for releasing the latches, substantially as
specified.
13. The combination with the segment levers and the vibrating frame, of the
keys for engaging the levers, spring latches for attaching the stems of the keys
to the frame, and a movable device borne upon the vibrating frame and acting to
release the latches, substantially as specified.
14. The combination with the segment levers and the vibrating frame of the
keys for engaging the levers, spring latches for attaching the stems of keys to said
vibrating frame, a releasing frame for releasing the latches, means for actuating
the releasing frame, and means for actuating the vibrating frame, substantially as
specified.
15. The combination with the segment lovers and the vibrating frame, of the
keys for engaging the levers, spring latches for attaching the stems of the keys
to the frame, and a horizontally movable frame for releasing the latches,
substantially as specified.
16. The combination with the segment levers and the vibrating frame, of the
Leys for engaging the levers, spring latches for attaching the stems of the keys
to the frame, and a frame for releasing the latches mounted and movable hori-
zontally en the vibrating frame, substantially as specified.
17. The combination with the segment levers and the vibrating frame, of the
heys for engaging the levers, spring latches for attaching the stems of the keys
to the frame, a movable frame for releasing the latches, and a hand lever for
operating said releasing frame, substantially as specified.
18. The combination with the keys, the vibrating frame for operating the keys
and the latches for coupling the keys to the frame of releasing mechanism for
uncoupling the keys, mechanism for releasing said releasing mechanism, and
means for holding said actuating mechanism out of action at will so that repeated
impulses may be given the keys without releasing them from the vibrating frame,
substantially as specified.

page_text: 19. The combination with the numeral wheels their actuating devices, the
vibrating frame and the devices for attaching the frame to the actuating devices,
of mechanism for releasing such attachment, mechanism for actuating said re-
leasing mechanism, and means whereby the last mentioned actuating mechanism
may be locked against action, substantially as specified.
20. The combination with the keys, the vibrating frame, the coupling devices
whereby they are coupled together, of mechanism for releasing said coupling
devices, operable either automatically or at will, substantially as specified.
21. The combination with the key releasing mechanism of a hand lever E and
mechanism connecting it to said releasing mechanism, said lever being movable
to one position for operating the releasing mechanism and being also movable to
another position for locking said releasing mechanism against action, sub-
stantially as specified.
22. The combination with the key releasing mechanism of a pivoted hand
lever E having one position in which it will operate said mechanism and another
position in which it will hold said mechanism against action, substantially as
specified.
23, The combination of the key releasing frame, the vibrating frame upon which
the releasing frame is mounted, the rocking shaft D3 also carried by the vibrating
frame, and connected to the releasing frame so as to give it a horizontal motion,
and means for rocking the shaft, substantially as specified.
24. The combination of the vibrating frame, the key releasing frame, the rock
shaft D having a crank arm D5, and the latch 17 for momentarily detaining the
free end of the crank arm and thus rocking said shaft, substantially as specified.
25. The combination of the vibrating frame, the key releasing frame, the rock
shaft 3 having the crank arm D, provided with the pins 16 and D, and the
latch 1 having an arm Dio, substantially as specified.
26. The combination of the vibrating frame, the releasing frame, the rock
shaft D having the crank arm D, and the latch D for momentarily detaining
the free end of said crank arm, and thus rocking said shaft with the hand lever E
for operating said crank arm D5, substantially as specified.
27. The combination of the vibrating frame, the key releasing frame, the rock
shaft D3 having the crank arm D5, and the latch D7 for momentarily detaining the
free end of said crank arm and thus rocking said shaft, with the hand lever E
acting to hold said latch out of action, substantially as specified.
28. The combination of the vibrating frame, the key releasing frame, the rock
shaft D3 having the crank arm D5, and the latch D for momentarily detaining
the free end of said crank arm and thus rocking said shaft with the hand lever E
having one arm acting to operate said crank arm, and also having an arm acting
to hold said latch out of action, substantially as specified.
29. The combination with the keys having offsets and segment levers engaging
such offsets of a horizontal vertically moving frame below the levers and provided
with devices whereby it may be coupled to the stems of the keys at will, and with
means for releasing the keys, substantially as specified.
30. The combination with the hammers and their controlling pawls, of the elbow
levers H and the swinging frame H, substantially as specified.
31. The combination with the hammers and their controlling pawls, of the elbow
levers H having the elbow projections H7, and the swinging frame H,
substantially as specified.
32. The combination with the hammers and their controlling pawls, of the
elbow levers H5 having the slotted elbow projections H7, and the swinging frame H³,
substantially as specified.
33. The combination with the hammers and their controlling pawls, of levers H5
having slotted elbow projections H', said projections engaging the swinging
frame H when the latter is in its position of rest, and receiving and being actuated
by said frame when it moves down, said frame, mechanism for actuating the levers

page_text: and mechanism for actuating the frame, the levers being actuated in advance of
the frame, substantially as specified.
34. The combination with the hammers and their controlling pawls, of the
levers H5 for tripping the pawls, and the swinging frame H controlling said
levers and provided with a guide comb, substantially as specified.
35. The combination with the hammers and their controlling pawls, of tripping
levers H5, mechanism connecting said levers to the segment levers, said segment
levers and their actuating devices, the swinging frame actuating said tripping levers,
the answer printing plunger and connecting mechanism between said plunger
and said frame, substantially as specified.
36. The combination with the type and hammer controlling devices of the
printing mechanism of the hand lever C15 for causing the printing of the sums
or numbers to be added, a hand device K for causing the printing of the answers,
both said hand lever and said hand device being mechanically connected to the
type and the hammer controlling devices of the printing mechanism, substantially as
specified.
37. The combination with the paper guiding and feeding devices, of a movable
plate I³ for forcing the upwardly and the downwardly moving courses of paper
together at the printing centre, substantially as specified.
38. The combination with the paper guiding and feeding devices, of a movable
plate 13 for forcing the upwardly and the downwardly moving courses of paper
together at the printing centre, and means for moving said plate just prior to
each printing operation, substantially as specified.
39. The combination with the hammers and the movable plate 13 of the
frame I21 122, serving both to lift the hammers and to actuate the plate and means
for actuating the frame, substantially as specified
40. The combination with the hammers and the movable plate 13 of the
frame I21 I2, serving both to lift the hammers and to actuate the plate, the slotted
lever 18 and crank I upon shaft G carrying the frame, said shaft G₁ and the
main cam, substantially as specified.
41. The combination with the hammers and the movable plate I of the
frame I I23, serving both to lift the hammers and to actuate the plate, the slotted
lever Q joined to lever K10, the crank Q' upon the shaft G carrying the frame,
said shaft G and said lever K10, substantially as specified.
42. The combination with the numeral wheels and the stop pawls of the vibrat-
ing frame, the slotted links K, and means for actuating said frame downward
so as to draw the pawls into action, substantially as specified.
43. The combination with the numeral wheels of the intermittently acting
pivoted levers M, adapted to exert friction upon the wheels, and means for holding
said levers out of action while the wheels are being actuated in carrying,
substantially as specified.
44. The combination with the numeral wheels and their actuating devices of
intermittently acting pivoted levers M riding on the wheels and means for holding
the levers out of action except when said actuating devices are moving the wheels,
substantially as specified.
45. The combination with the numeral wheels and their actuating devices of
pivoted levers M riding on the wheels, and the rock shaft N for holding the levers
normally out of action, substantially as specified.
46. The combination with the numeral wheels, the segment levers and the
main cam, of the friction levers, the shaft N for controlling the levers, and
movable cam piece Ne upon the main cam and the connecting mechanism between
the cam and the shaft, substantially as specified.
47. The combination with the shaft N of the main cam, the movable cam
piece N mounted on the main cam and having the nearly vertical surface N',
and means for supporting the cam piece while it is acting, substantially as
specified.
48. The combination with the carrying levers and their latches of the shaft N

page_text: and its pins for moving said levers, and means for rocking said shaft, substantially
as specified.
49. The combination with the carrying levers and their latches, of devices for
moving the levers into position for carrying, such devices also being retracted
partially immediately after thus moving the levers to allow the levers released
from the latches to escape re-engagement therewith, substantially as specified.
50. The combination with the carrying levers and their latches, of devices for
moving the levers into position for carrying, such devices being also retracted
partially immediately after thus moving the levers to allow the levers, released
from the latches to escape re-engagement therewith, and a cam device for con-
trolling the movement of said devices for moving the levers, substantially as
specified.
51 The combination with the carrying levers and their latches of the rock
shaft N and its pius, and a cam for rocking said shaft in moving the carrying
levers and also acting to allow it to rock back partially to give opportunity to the
evers which may be released from their latches to move far enough to escapo
re-engagement, substantially as specified.
52. The combination with a printing calculator of a movable guard P located.
in front of the issuing a paper and adapted to be raised into position to sustain the
loose end of the paper, means for supporting said guard when raised, and means
for releasing it from said supports said means being operated by the printing
mechanism, substantially as specified.
53. The combination with the numeral wheels, the segment levers and vibrating
frame, of keys passing through the frame and having shoulders A7 to engage
the frame and thus limit the descent of the keys in setting, means for coupling
the set keys to the frame, and means for actuating the frame, substantially as
specified.
54. In a calculating machine, the combination of the numeral wheels, the
carrying levers, a rock shaft controlling said levers, and a hand device or lever
whereby said shaft is rocked, substantially as specified.
55. The combination with the frame I 123 of the slotted levers 18 and Q, one
connecting the frame to the hand dever C5 and the other to the printing
plunger, and said hand lever and said plunger, substantially as specified.
56. The combination with a series of hammers and their springs of the rocking
frame R, to which the series of springs are attached and screws R³ for adjusting
the tension of the springs, substantially as specified.
Dated this 22nd day of September, 1896.
F. W. BARKER,
Applicant's agent.