IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VARNISH
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Hadfield, of Lancaster, Varnish Manu-
facturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF VARNISH."
Sealed the 11th June 1869, and dated the 17th December 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Hadfield at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th December 1868.
I, GEORGE HADFIELD, of Lancaster, Varnish Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF VARNISH," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists,-
First, in improving the quality and expediting the production of
varnish by submitting varnish produced in the ordinary way to the
action of ozone by any known convenient manner.
Secondly. In an improved method of fining or clearing varnish. I
use about double. the amount of spirit usually employed, and after

page_text: distillation draw off the superfluous spirit, which is again used with great
advantage.
These two methods may be employed either separately or in
distillation draw off the superfluous spirit, which is again used with great
advantage.
These two methods may be employed either separately or in
combination.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Hadfield in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 16th June 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORCE
HADFIELD, of Lancaster, Varnish Manufacturer, send grecting.
WHEREAS Her -most Excellent. Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said George Hadfield, Her special
license that I, the said George Hadfield, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said George Hadfield, my exe-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VARNISH," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said George Hadfield, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Hadfield, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement (that is to say) :-
:-
I make varnishes in the usual way, using an increased quantity of

page_text: turpentine in order to facilitate the subsidence or removal by filtration
of impurities, and subsequent removal of the excess of turpentine by
distillation.
The advantages resulting from such process and which I claim as
improvements arc,-
First. The varnishes can be freed from their impuritics by filtration
or subsidence from excess of turpentine, as before mentioned, in a much
shorter time than in the ordinary way.
Secondly. The turpentine obtained from the manufacture of low
qualities of varnish is after distillation of a purer quality than the
ordinary turpentine of commerce, and therefore more suited for the sub-
sequent manufacture of higher classes of varnish; for example, in the
ordinary way of manufacturing varnish from gum copal there is used
about sixty pounds weight of the gum, nine gallons of oil, and fifteen
gallons of turpentine. Now in my process I take about thirty gallons
of turpentine, and filter out or allow to subside the impurities, and
remove the fifteen gallons of turpentine in excess by distillation; the
turpentine removed in excess is of a much purer quality. These pro-
portions will of course slightly vary according to the quality of the
gum used and of the varnish required. I also take varnishes prepared
according to the ordinary process, and improve their drying properties
by passing through them a stream of ozonised air or ozonised oxygen.
This I prefer to do in solution of them in an excess of turpentine where
the viscosity of the varnish will not permit of the use of this process
without such dilution. Or I make varnishes where oil and turpentine
are required by first treating these bodies either together or separately
with ozonised air or ozonised oxygen before their application to the
manufacture of varnish. Also should it be necessary to add further
quantities of oil or turpentine to varnishes already prepared I prefer to
add the substances after they have been submitted to the action of
ozonised air or ozonised oxygen, either together or separately. This
process can be performed also on varnishes which have or have not
before been treated with the substances known to the trade as "dryers."
I thus obtain varnishes of greater brilliancy, paler quality, and not so
easily influenced by the action of the atmosphere.
Having now described the nature and particulars of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to
be distinctly understood that I claim as my Invention,-

page_text: First. The use of excess of turpentine to facilitate the filtration or
subsidence of the impurities of varnishes, and subsequent removal by
distillation. '.
Secondly. The application of ozonised air or ozonised oxygen to the
bleaching, drying, and purification of varnish.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Hadfield, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this First day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand cight hundred and sixty-nine.
GEORGE HADFIELD. (L.B.)