Improvements in Hydraulic and other Fluid Pressure Valves, and in Tools for their Manufacture.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Applic tion, 23r / Feb.. 1892
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Nov., 1892-Accepted, 28th Jan., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Hydraulic and other Fluid Pressure Valves, and in
Tools for their Manufacture.
I, HOMAN PRICE FENBY of 27 Moor Road, Headingley, Leeds, in the County of
York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates chiefly to improvements in the construction of what are
known as hydraulic stop valves, for shutting off the supply of water or other fluid
under pressure, and also in tools and appliances to be used in their manufacture.
My object is to produce a valve, which shall under all conditions of pressure be
balanced or nearly so, in its action, or whose moving part shall be in equilibrium, so
that it may be easily closed or opened no matter how great the pressure of the fluid
may be within such valve.
In the body of the valve I provide a piston or ram which is moved to & fro by a
screw actuated by a handle or wheel placed outside the valve. This piston or ram
is of equal diameter at either end, both ends being exposed to the pressure of the
atmosphere after passing through leather or other packing rings disposed near the
ends of the valve body.
The middle of the ram or piston I make of a slightly larger diameter so as to
allow of a narrow conical seating being formed on it. This narrow conical seating
fits accurately into a hollow conical seating provided in the centre of the valve
body.
Above this hollow conical seating I provide a port (either exit or entrance) whilst
below the said seating I provide another port (exit or entrance). Both these ports
open into enlarged annular spaces in the valve body which give sufficient water
space round the piston or ram.
The hollow conical seating in the valve body is formed in a reduced portion of
its bore which is situated between the enlarged annular spaces, and through which
the parallel portion of the piston or ram works. The portion of the piston or ram
which works through this reduced part of the valve body I cut away in what are
termed "wings," which allow a free passage for the fluid from the one enlarged
chamber to the other when the piston or ram is raised sufficiently from its
seating.
Such a valve is practically balanced in its action, and can be opened or closed
against or with the pressure with comparative ease.
My improvements in the mode of manufacture of such valves, and also the valves
shewn and fully described in the Specification of a Patent granted to me and dated
6 March 1891 and numbered 4024, consists in a method of boring and counterboring
and tapping or screwing such valve bodies entirely without the intervention of a
lathe, and by which I am enabled to produce much more accurate work, and at a
rate of speed which far excels that possible by the use of the ordinary screwcutting
lathe.
On a truly rectangular block of metal I securely fasten the valve body to be
operated upon, so as to be square with the block. I then lay such block on its side,
or end, or back as required on the table of an ordinary drilling or boring machine,
and drill or bore out by the aid of special cutters all the necessary chambers,
holes &c., in the body of the valve, never removing the valve body from the block
until it is completed. By this means all the holes and chambers are exactly square
or at right angles with each other without any setting or adjusting.
The special boring bits I prefer to make Hat blades, having the exact profile of
the interior of the valve body, as well as the exterior end of the valve, which I face

page_text: at the same time. I also bore and face all ports or entrances into the valve body
with similar tools by turning the block on to its sides and back.
For tapping or screwing the necessary parts in the valve body so as to receive
the glands, coupling nuts or pipes, I provide and use special taps having legs or
shanks on their lower ends which enter and fit the interior of the now bored valve
body, and act as a perfect guide to produce absolutely true threads in the valve
body.
By the above mentioned improvements I am enabled to produce hydraulic and
other fluid pressure valve bodies with great rapidity and accuracy and with unskilled
labour, because such tools cannot be made to make a mistake, but will always
produce interchangeable work.
For very large valve bodies I sometimes use, instead of flat bladed boring cutters,
round bars with teeth formed on the end, and cross cutters placed in at correct
positions to counterbore and face as required.
Dated this 22nd day of February 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Hydraulic and other Fluid Pressure Valves, and in
Tools for their Manufacture.
I, HOMAN PRICE FENBY, of 27 Moor Road, Headingley, Leeds in the County of
York, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
My invention relates chiefly to improvements in the construction of what are
known as hydraulic stop valves for shutting off the supply of water or other fluid
under pressure, and also in tools and appliances to be used in their manufacture.
My object is to produce a valve which shall under all conditions of pressure be
balanced or nearly so in its action, or whose moving part shall be in equilibrium, so
that it may be easily closed or opened no matter how great the pressure of the fluid
may be within such valve. In the body of the valve I provide a piston or ram,
which is moved to and fro by a screw actuated by a handle or wheel placed outside
the valve.
This piston or ram is of equal diameter at either end, both ends being exposed
to the pressure of the atmosphere, after passing through leather or other packing
rings disposed near the ends of the valve body.
The middle of the ram or piston I make of a slightly larger diameter so as to
allow of a narrow conical seating being formed on it. This narrow conical seating
fits accurately into a hollow conical seating provided in the centre of the valve
body. Above this hollow conical seating I provide a port (exit or entrance) whilst
below the said seating I provide another port (exit or entrance). Both these
ports open into enlarged annular spaces in the valve body which give sufficient
water space round the piston or ram. The hollow conical seating in the valve body
is formed in a reduced portion of its bore, which is situated between the enlarged
annular spaces and through which the parallel portion of the piston or ram works.
The portion of the piston or ram which works through this reduced part of the
valve body I cut away in what are termed "wings," which allow a free passage for
the fluid from the one enlarged chamber to the other when the piston or ram is
raised sufficiently from its seating. Such a valve is practically balanced in its
action, and can be opened or closed against or with the pressure with comparative
ease.
My improvements in the mode of manufacture of such valves and also of the
valves shewn and fully described in the Specification of a Patent granted to me
and dated 6th March 1891 and numbered 4024 consists in a method of boring and
counterboring and tapping or screwing such valve bodies entirely without the

page_text: intervention of a lathe, and by which I am enabled to produce much more accurate
work, and at a rate of speed which far excels that possible by the use of the
ordinary screwcutting lathe.
On a truly rectangular block of metal I securely fasten the valve body to be
operated upon so as to be square with the block. I then lay such block on its
side or end or back as required on the table of an ordinary drilling or boring
machine, and drill and bore out by the aid of special cutters all the necessary
chambers, holes &c., in the body of the valve, never removing the valve body from
the block until it is completed. By this means all the holes and chambers are
exactly square or at right angles with each other without any setting or adjusting.
The special boring bits I prefer to make flat blades, having the exact profile of
the interior of the valve body, as well as the exterior ends of the valve, which I
face at the same time. I also bore and face all ports or entrances into the valve
body with similar tools by turning the block on to its sides and back.
For tapping or screwing the necessary parts in the valve body so as to receive
the glands, coupling nuts or pipes I provide and use special taps having legs or
shanks on their lower ends, which enter and fit the interior of the now bored
valve body, and act as a perfect guide to produce absolutely true threads in the
valve body.
By the above mentioned improvements I am enabled to produce hydraulic and
other fluid pressure valve bodies with greater rapidity and accuracy and with
unskilled labour, because such tools cannot be made to make a mistake, but will
always produce interchangeable work.
For very large valve bodies, I sometimes use, instead of flat bladed boring
cutters, round bars with teeth formed on the ends, and cross cutters placed in at
correct positions to counterhore and face as required.
Having now described in a general manner my improvements in hydraulic stop
valves, and tools for the manufacture of these and other hydraulic valves, I will
now proceed to describe the same with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1, Sheet 1, shews a screwdown stop valve as previously described, a being
the moving ram or piston, 6 its conical seating, c, c, the packing rings, and d the
screw which actuates the ram or piston having the " wings e to allow of the
passage of the fluid between the annular chambers f, f.
"
Fig. 2, Sheet 1, shews a modification of this valve, having its ram or piston
actuated by a lever, and provided with a central packing ring g, instead of the
conical seating b. This constitutes a perfectly balanced valve, the ram or piston a
being in equilibrium in any position.
Fig. 3, Sheet 1, shews another modification of Fig. 1, the cupped packing rings
being dispensed with, and stuffing glands c, c provided instead. In this valve the
ram or piston a is continued out at the top of the valve and worked direct by the
handle, the middle of the ram or piston being screwed so as to work in a screwed
part of the body of the valve at h. This valve is provided with coupling nuts for
attaching the pipes instead of flanges as in the previous valves.
Fig. 4, Sheet 1, illustrates how such a valve may be bored out by the use of the
special boring tools previously alluded to; i being the round bar with teeth on the
end for boring out all the lower part of the valve body, j doing the hole j', and
the seating ; k boring the stuffing gland box ready for screwing or tapping,
while faces the top of the valve body.
Figs. 5 & 6, Sheet 1. shew the leg taps for tapping or screwing the part h,
Fig. 3, and the gland box c, the legs or shanks fitting the lower parts of the bored
body.
Fig. 7, Sheet 2, shews one of the valves described in the Specification of a
previous Patent granted to me (No. 4024 A.D. 1891) fixed upon the block
previously mentioned and being bored out to its correct contour by a flat bladed
cutter, m being the valve body, n the block, and o the boring cutter.
Fig. 8, Sheet 2, shews the block turned up the other way with the valve body
still on it, the cutter in this case being provided with a round shank P which acts

page_text: as a guide in the smaller part of the valve body which has been bored out at the
previous operation.
Fig. 9, Sheet 2, shews the block lying on its back for the purpose of boring out
the exits or entrances in the valve body ready for tapping or screwing by suitable
leg taps as previously described. For boring the side exits or entrances the block
is thrown upon its side.
It will be readily understood that by the above described method all the holes
are square or at right angles with each other as well as being all alike in every
valve body, while the speed of production is exceedingly rapid and the process is
free from mistakes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
'
1. The construction of hydraulic stop valves substantially as described and shewn
in Figs. 1, 2 & 3, Sheet 1 of the drawings.
2. The special boring tools Fig. 4, Sheet 1, with their separate blades (which
vary according to the work to be done) as shewn by the letters j, k, l.
3. The special leg or shank taps as illustrated by Figs. 5 & 6, Sheet 1, (which
vary according to the work to be done) for producing true screw threads in the
various parts of the valve bodies.
4. The rectangular block n, Figs. 7, 8 & 9, Sheet 2, for attaching the valve
bodies to, in order to bore them true and square as fully described.
5. The flat bladed cutters having the exact profile of the interior of the
valve body formed upon them as fully described and shewn in the drawings,
Sheet 2.
6. The process of manufacture as fully described and shewn in the accompanying
drawings for the rapid and accurate production of valve bodies for hydraulic or
other fluid pressure valves.
Dated this 22nd day of November 1892.
HOMAN PRICE FENDI.