matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- CMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Whitworth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th April 1868.
I, WILLIAM WHITWORTH, of Leeds, in the County' of York, Machine
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
CMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
The eye of the needle is made to project on one side whilst the other
side is perfectly straight, which prevents the material worked upon from
being sewn in.a slack. or.loose.manner. and allows space for a contrivance.
which I call a tumbler to catch the thread, make sure of its stitch, and
throw it over. The tumbler is. a mechanical contrivance of a hooked
form (working on a pinion shaft) which carries the thread over and holds
it in the required position to allow a double curved fork to relieve it of
the thread. The double curved fork also works on a pinion shaft; it
carries the thread forward and holds it in a fixed position for a certain
time until the needle passes through the loop (which is thus made by
the combined action of the tumbler and the curved fork), and so secures
the stitch. The requisite motions are given to the tumbler and curvēd
fork by means of two cam wheels, one wheel for the fork and the other

page_text: for the tumbler. I place a lever working on a centre and held by a
balance weight on the thread stand with a slit in it of sufficient size
to allow the thread to pass through, but so that when a knot is about
to pass through the slit it will draw the lever down with it, and being
connected by a spring with a bell attached the bell will be made to
ring, and the operator is thus warned of the approach of the knot to
the needle. I place another lever connected with two catches working
into a ratchet wheel, on the same centre of which is a drawing-off
roller with dog teeth which work simultaneously with and into another
roller, which latter is pressed down by means of a spiral spring, and
these two rollers draw away the material as it is being operated on.
In case of the breakage of the thread, or of a slip stitch, by lifting
these catches the material may be drawn back into the exact position
requisite for resuming the work, so as to avoid any imperfect work.
I also apply a guide folding apparatus from which the material is fed
to the needle. This is peculiarly applicable to covering or saving the
edges of cloth prior to dyeing so as to preserve the edges from the dye
by folding them inside the webbing. This apparatus is fixed on the
table in front of the needle. The thread used in sewing by my improved
machine may be reeled off, tied together, and used over and over again,
and the knots will be no detriment to the reusing of the thread. In
order to make the lock stitch by this machine I apply a shuttle which
has a backward and forward motion given to it at the time that each
stitch is being made.
These improvements are peculiarly applicable to heavy work, such as
sewing the edges of cloth prior to dyeing, sewing ship sails, sacks, tent
covers, and similar classes of work.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BAILS FOR RAILWAYS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Watts at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
July 1868.
I, HENRY WATTS, of Water Street, in the City of London, Hot Water
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BAILS FOR RAILWAYS," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to lessen the noise produced by trains
passing over bridges and in close proximity to houses, factories, and
other places.
The Invention consists in constructing rails in which a groove is
formed on the upper side; into this groove I fit a strip or length of
elastic material, preferably of vulcanized india-rubber. The elastic
material may be secured in the groove by transverse bolts or otherwise.
The wheels of the train in passing bear on the elastic material which
tends to deaden the noise ordinarily produced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REEFING FORE AND AFT SAILS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abraham Baal and Charles
Gann at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 28th April 1868.
We, ABRAHAM BAAL and CHARLES GANN, both of Jersey, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REEFING
FORE AND AFT SAILS," to be as follows (that is to say):
To obviate the disadvantages resulting from the employment of the
endless chain in reefing sails we substitute in lieu thereof a worm or
screw moving within bearings secured to the lower jaw of the mast,
and cause the same to revolve through the medium of winch handles
turned from the deck in connection with a cog wheel or pinion keyed
to the boom, which may be thrown in or out of gear with the said worm
through the intervention of a thumbscrew, by which said arrangement
the boom is made to revolve and wind up the sail by the rotatory action
of the worm taking into the teeth of the said cog wheel on the boom
aforesaid without necessitating any alteration of the peak and throat
halyards from the original method.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COMMUNICATING BETWEEN THE PASSENGERS AND GUARD AND ENGINE DRIVER OF RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Richard Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 21st December 1868.
I, WILLIAM RICHARD CLARK, of 5, High Street, Forest Hill, in the
County of Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COMMUNICATING BETWEEN THE PASSENGERS
AND GUARD AND ENGINE DRIVER OF RAILWAY TRAINS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for
communicating between the passengers and guard and engine driver of
railway trains. For this purpose I place in the guard's van and on the
engine a small signal lantern, the glass of which is ordinarily covered
over by a screen which is held in position in front of the glass by a
small detent or stop, but when an alarm is to be given the detent or
stop is caused to be withdrawn from in front of the screen, and the
screen is then by a spring turned down on a hinge at its lower end and
so the light is uncovered and the alarm given. In order that any of
the passengers in the train may thus uncover the glass of the signal
lanterns in the guard's van and engine a continuous tube is fitted along.
the tops of all the carriages, and when the alarm is to be given the air

page_text: in this tube is compressed, and by this means small plungers working in
cylinders connected to its ends will be forced outwards and caused to
release the stop by which the screen is retained; this I prefer to effect
by causing the plungers each to act upon one end of a lever so as to
turn the lever round and move away its opposite end from in front of
the screen of the lantern. Any suitable arrangement of bellows may be
applied to the carriages for enabling any of the passengers to compress
the air in the tube, but I prefer for this purpose to fix small circular
bellows above the roof of each compartment of the carriages of the train,
each bellows being in connection with the continuous tube. From the
upper board of the bellows I lead down a rod through the roof of the
carriage, and inside the carriage fit a handle to its lower end so that by
pulling down the rod the air in the bellows may be forced into the
continuous tube. In order that it may be known from which carriage
the alarm has been given a rack may be formed on the rod descending
from the bellows, into which a pawl engages, so that when the rod is
drawn downwards the pawl entering the teeth of the rack will prevent
the rod from again moving upwards. The pawl may be enclosed in a
case, so that it cannot be released by the passengers in the carriage, but
it may be released by the guard by means of a key. When the rod
descending from the bellows is thus set free the top board of the bellows
is forced upwards and the bellows is thus again expanded by means of a
spiral spring within the bellows, and, the bellows is thus again expanded,
a valve opening inwards either in the top or bottom board, then allowing
air to enter the bellows.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHEETS OF LEAD, OR TIN, OR ALLOYS, OR COMPOUNDS OF THESE METALS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Whittle Johnson,
Robert Johnson, and Matthew Warton Johnson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 25th
May 1868.
We, WILLIAM WHITTLE JOHNSON, ROBERT JOHNSON, and MATTHEW
WARTON JOHNSON, all of Limehouse, in the County of Middlesex, Lead
Manufacturers and Merchants, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHEETS OF LEAD, OR
TIN, OR ALLOYS, OR COMPOUNDS OF THESE METALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the imparting to the surface of
sheets of lead, or tin or alloys, or compounds of these metals a slightly
roughened surface, which not only gives to the surface of the sheets an
appearance similar to deadened or frosted silver, but also facilitates the
uniting one sheet to another by a solder joint. For this purpose when
the sheets of lead, or tin or alloys, or compounds of these metals have
been reduced by rolling to the required substance, a number of the sheets
are placed one above another with sheets of tissue paper or other thin

page_text: flexible fabric or substance having a similar slightly roughened surface
inserted between the several sheets of metal; the pack of metal sheets
thus interleaved is then passed through the rollers a sufficient number
of times to convey the impression of of the paper or fabric or substance
to the surface of the metal sheets.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR OPENING, CLEANING, AND PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Taylor at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
June 1868.
I, JAMES TAYLOR, of the Firm of Taylor, Lang, and Company, of
"Castle Iron Works," Stalybridge, in the County of Chester, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR OPENING, CLEANING, AND PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER
FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in arranging or combining two machines for
opening, cleaning, and preparing cotton and other fibrous materials
of that class in which the material is fed and discharged from the
same side of the machine, so that the material fed to and operated
upon by one machine will be conveyed by mechanism and fed to the
other machine, while the two machines may be so arranged as to be
used singly if required:
The arrangement which I prefer consists in placing the two machines
in a line, the feeding end of each being in the same direction, and
in feeding the material to the second machine and conveying it away
by endless lattices to the feeding lattice of the first machine, the

page_text: said lattices conveying the material over the outer casing of the first
machine. The two machines may be combined together in one frame,
and the lattices may be so arranged as to swivel radially upon one
roller, so that the machines may be used singly if required.
Another method of carrying out my Invention consists in arranging
two machines in a line with the feeding sides opposite each other
and continuing the delivering lattice of one machine to the feeding
lattice of the other, which delivers the material operated upon through
a hole in the floor into a room or space below, or the material de-
livered may be conveyed under the second machine by one or more
endless lattices; or another method consists in arranging one machine
above the other, the upper delivering to the lower, or in placing one
machine in a room and the other in a room below, so that the
machine in the upper room may deliver into the machine in the
lower room.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES TO BE EMPLOYED FOR CARDING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Bispham Kay and
Francis Hamilton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 18th January 1868.
We, TпомAS BISPHAM KAY, of Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, and FRANCIS HAMILTON, of the same Place,
Foreman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES TO BE EMPLOYED FOR CARDING
COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain modifications of and improvements
in the mechanical details of apparatus used for elevating, stripping, and
brushing out or grinding the top cards of carding engines which have
been described in the Specification of Letters Patent for "Improvements
in Carding Engines for Carding Cotton and other Fibrous Materials,"
granted to Thomas Bispham Kay and Francis Hamilton, dated the
27th day of February, A.D. 1867, No. 542, by which improvements
greater simplicity and efficiency of action are obtained.
Our improvements consist, first, in combining a spring or springs
with the lifter (against which the top of the flat presses when in position
for stripping) instead of applying a spring to the upper rim of the

page_text: revolving box, by which combination and arrangement the spring may
be employed and is available not only for steadying the flat when in
the said position, but also for pressing upon the top of the flat when
in its place upon the bend of the carding engine, and thereby rendering
more certain its complete return thereto, and its perfect contact with
such bend.
Secondly. Our improvements consist in so arranging the stripping
box that it will oscillate upon the stripping comb shaft during the
turning over, ascent, and descent of the flat, whereby it is caused to
follow the strippings more closely and a more complete deposit thereof
in the said box is secured.
Thirdly. Our improvements consist in arranging, driving, and effecting
the vibration of the stripping comb, so that a greater number of beats or
vibrations may be obtained in a given space of time, and a simplification
of mechanism effected which may be obtained by employing the driving
band of the stripping apparatus to actuate a pulley or disc, on which
is a stud or pin sliding in a slot of a vibrating lever which is fixed on
the comb shaft and causes its vibration.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR TURNING ON AND OFF THE SUPPLY OF GAS TO HOUSES, ALSO APPLICABLE TO TURNING ON AND OFF THE SUPPLY OF OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Strother Price at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
January 1868,
I, STROTHER PRICE, of Highbury, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE
OF AND MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR TURNING ON AND OFF THE SUPPLY OF GAS
TO HOUSES, ALSO APPLICABLE TO TURNING ON AND OFF THE SUPPLY OF OTHER
FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
The chief object of my Invention is to provide means of turning on
and off the gas supply to a house without the necessity of a person going
to the tap to do so.
My Invention consists in attaching a weighted lever to the tap and
in carrying a wire, cord, or chain from the lever over pulleys or otherwise
to the hall or other convenient part of the house; one or more springs
may be connected to the lever. When it is required to turn on the gas
a handle or appliance at the end of the wire or cord is pulled so as to
raise the lever and turn the tap, and the handle is then secured so
as to keep the lever raised. When it is required to turn off the gas the
handle or appliance is released and the weighted lever falls to its normal

page_text: position, being assisted in its movement by the spring or springs, and
the tap is thus turned. The handle or appliance may be moved so as to
turn on the gas a quarter, a half, or altogether. Sometimes I carry a
wire, cord, or chain from the handle or appliance before referred to to one
or more rooms or other parts of the house to enable the handle or
appliance to be released from such rooms or other parts to turn off the
gas. My Invention also applies to turning on and off the supply of
other fluids.
A SELF-ACTING REGISTERING APPARATUS TO REGISTER THE NUMBER OF PERSONS ENTERING INTO AND ON OMNIBUSES OR SIMILAR VEHICLES PLYING FOR HIRE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Walmsley and Thomas
Walmsley Taylor at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 21st February 1868.
We, HENRY WALMSLEY and THOMAS WALMSLEY TAYLOR, of the
City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "A SELF-ACTING REGISTERING APPARATUS
TO REGISTER THE NUMBER OF PERSONS ENTERING INTO AND ON OMNIBUSES OR
SIMILAR VEHICLES PLYING FOR HIRE," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in making one of the steps leading to the
outside and interior of the vehicle moveable, and connecting the step
by a rod, wire, or chain to any ordinary registering or indicating
apparatus with its finger and dial, and as the step will be moved and
work the finger both in the passenger's ascent and descent it is evident
that the indications on the dial must be divided by two, unless the
vehicle is so arranged that one series of steps shall be employed for the

page_text: entrance and another series for the exit. The back of the step may
be either hinged or pivotted to the framework, and its front part rests
on springs, or the step may rest on springs and its ends work in
guides, or counterbalance weights may be employed instead of springs.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF CLOSING OR STOPPERING BOTTLES AND VESSELS FOR CONTAINING AERATED AND OTHER LIQUIDS OR FLUIDS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Eldridge and William
Clark Loe at the Office of the Commissioners of. Patents, with
their Petition, on the 27th of February 1868:
We, GEORGE ELDRIDGE and WILLIAM CLARK LOE, both of Grange
Road, Dalston, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF CLOSING OR
STOPPERING BOTTLES AND VESSELS FOR CONTAINING AERATED AND OTHER LIQUIDS
OR FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
For the purposes of our Invention we construct the neck of the
bottle or vessel containing the liquid with channels leading from
the body of the bottle into the neck. In the neck or mouth of. the
bottle or vessel we place a hollow stopper or valve closed at bottom
and provided with channels or openings made to correspond with the
channels in the neck of the bottle. The valve or stopper is provided
with a seating of india-rubber, cork, or other flexible and elastic
material, the lower edge of which is received in a groove made round
the solid end of the stopper. When the plug is in its place in the neck
of the vessel the upper edge of the india-rubber or other packing fits.
into a recess or chamber formed therein which prevents the removak

page_text: of the stopper while it is at same time free to be rotated in the
bottle neck in order to make the channels in the stopper coincide with
these of the neck or mouth of the bottle or vessel for introducing
or emptying the liquid or fluid. The bottom of the stopper being.
made conical both inside and out when in its place in the vessel the
outer cone displaces the pressure from the end and directs it to the
sides of the stopper, exposed at the channels of the vessel. The cone.
inside the bottom of the vessel serves to deflect the liquid into the.
channels when filling the vessel. The valve can be closed before the.
contents cease flowing, and this motion entirely excludes the atmospheric
air and preserves the essential qualities of the contents. The stopper
may be provided with a stop or check working in a recess on the.
neck of the vessel which permits of the stopper being only partially.
rotated to fully open or entirely close the channels of the vessel.
Bottles or vessels so stoppered may be made of glass, metal, earthen-
ware, or any hard substance, and are applicable for containing aerated
liquids, wines, varnishes, spirits, and other liquids or fluids.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF A BLUE COLOR FROM ANILINE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th September 1868.-A communication from abroad by Pierre
Blumer Zweifel, of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields; in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF A BLUE COLOR FROM
ANILINE, a communication to me from abroad by Pierre Blumer Zweifel,
of Paris, in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the production of a blue color from, aniline,
and consists in the employment for such purpose of aniline or salts
of aniline in conjunction with an oxidising agent, such, for example, as
chlorate of potash together with an acid, such as hydrochloric or tartaric
acid.
In carrying out this Invention about one hundred grammes of starch
are made into a paste with about two pints of warm water, and to this
is added about forty grammes of chlorate of potash, and about four
grammes of sulphate of iron, and about ten grammes of muriate of

page_text: ammonia. To this mixture when cold there is to be added about sixty
grammes of aniline or of a salt of aniline, and the mixture is then
ready for use. The above proportions will vary according to the
intensity of the blue color it is required to produce. The intensity of
the blue color will increase or diminish according to the state of
dilution of the mixture. For the purposes of dyeing the proportions
may be reduced owing to the the absence of a thickening material, the
effect of which is to retard oxidation. Other acids may be substituted
for muriatic acid and tartaric acid, in which case the aniline and the
acid are added separately to the mixture, the acid being added last.
Other oxidizing materials may be employed, those which readily give
up oxygen answering best for this purpose. Salts of copper employed
in conjunction with the before-mentioned mixture will produce a deep
shade salt. The time required for effecting oxidation will depend upon
the substances employed, and their proportions as well as on the
shade it is required to obtain. When the oxidation is complete it is
sufficient to pass the goods through warm water, or through a slightly
alkaline solution so as to cause the blue color to appear.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Anthony Hardcastle
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 24th March 1868.
I, ROBERT ANTHONY HARDCASTLE, of No. 16, Rye Hill, in the
Borough and County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
IRON AND STEEL, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates partly to the manufacture of iron and steel
by blowing air or steam through or into the molten metal contained
in a suitable vessel, "converter," or furnace, and consists in the em-
ployment of one or more injectors constructed somewhat after the
same principle as the instrument known as "Giffard's injector." The
said injector or injectors is or are in connection with a vessel or vessels
containing powdered or granular substances or agents which when
blown into the molten metal through the injector and blast pipe will
tend to improve the quality of the iron or steel. This injector consists
of a hopper containing the substance to be injected and provided with
a pair of fluted or toothed rollers at the lower part, which are rotated
by a turbine or other prime mover and serve to crush and regulate

page_text: the supply of the substance to a chamber surrounding the nozzle of
the blast pipe. This pipe directs its blast into a second pipe on a
line therewith, which latter pipe enters the side of the furnace. When
the blast is put on, the crushed materials in the chamber surrounding
the inner nozzle are carried forward along with the blast into the
furnace.
I also propose to use one or more injectors or apparatus of like
principle as above in connection with the blast pipes of blast or other
furnaces for the purpose of injecting small coals or small coke or other
materials into the furnace in order to economise the working and
improve the yield of such furnaces. In this arrangement the injector
may receive the blast from the ordinary blast pipe, but may inject
the materials into the furnace by a separate tuyere.
I also propose to use the injector or apparatus of a like nature as
above for forcing either powdered or liquid agents by means of a jet
or jets of air or steam into any description of furnace or converter.
The agents which I propose to introduce in the manner above
described may consist of mixtures of ground flint and charcoal or other
substances possessing similar properties in conjunction or not with
oxide of manganese, or these may be all used together or separately,
and chloride of sodium, alumina, and nitrate of soda, or any of them
may be added as required.
I also propose to employ sawdust as a means of preserving the
substances to be injected in a granular condition, such substances being
mixed with the sawdust before being introduced into the vessel or
receptacle in connection with the injector. I use sawdust also as a
vehicle for the injection of acids or alkalies into the converter or
furnace.
A MODE OF AND MEANS FOR UTILIZING THE WASTE HEAT OF. FURNACES EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COAL GAS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th November 1868.-A communication from abroad by Louis.
Coignard,, of Paris, in the Empire of France...
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County:
of Middlesex,, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A MODE OF AND MEANS FOR UTILIZING THE WASTE HEAT OF.
FURNACES EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COAL GAS,"" a communication.
from abroad by Louis Coignard, of Paris, in the Empire of France :-
This Invention has for its object the application and utilization of the
waste heat of the furnaces employed for heating the retorts used in the
manufacture of coal gas to the formation of steam for the working of
pumping engines for supplying towns with water, whereby considerable
economy of fuel is obtained, and the water supply of the town or other
locality by being thus carried out in conjunction with the production of
the illuminating gas for the same town or locality may be more econo
mically conducted than heretofore.

page_text: In carrying out this Invention a peculiar arrangement of the flues of
the steam boiler which works the pumping engine is required, such flues
being so arranged as to admit either of the conjoint use of direct heat
from the boiler furnace and of the waste heat from the gas retort
furnaces, or of the waste heat alone, as may be found requisite at
different seasons of the year. For example, in summer, when more water
will be required to be pumped into the town, there will be less gas made
and hence less waste heat available, consequently recourse must be had
to direct heat from the boiler furnace itself as an auxiliary, whereas in
winter the amount of available waste heat will be materially increased.
and may even be sufficient to generate the steam without the use of
direct heat from a special furnace under the boiler. The direct heat
when employed passes from the furnace thro' a number of tubular
flues in the generator, and then mingles with the waste heat from the gas
retort furnaces which traverses along external flues to and fro along the
length of the boiler side, and finally passes off to a chimney or uptake.
If desired a small supplementary steam generator or superheater may be
placed in one of the external flues. When no direct heat is employed
the communication between the flues or passages may be varied by the
aid of dampers, so as to direct the waste heat first thro* the boiler
_bes, and then to and fro along the external sides of the generator or
boiler.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR CONSUMING SMOKE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Robey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th May
1868.
I, JAMES ROBEY, of the Victoria Sugar Refinery, of Newcastle-under-
Lyme, in the County of Stafford, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR CONSUMING SMOKE," to
be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the perfect consumption of smoke
in furnaces. For this purpose I apply below the fire-bars of the furnace
jets of steam which play up between the fire-bars on to the fuel resting
upon them. The jets or nozzles for directing the jets of steam are carried
by a steam pipe or pipes, the outlet ends of the nozzles being caused
to project above the bottom of the fire-bars and to rise up between
them. In some cases also I cause the prongs or jets to lean in the
direction of the draft at an angle of about 45°. I also in some cases
give to the steam pipe or pipes carrying the nozzles a to-and-fro motion,
so that when the steam jets are in action they shall not at all times
be playing on to the same spot of fuel on the bars; by this means

page_text: a plentiful supply of air will by the jets of steam be caused to pass
through the fuel, and being thereby intensely heated will readily com-
bine with any smoke passing off from the top of the fuel; the steam
also being decomposed by the heat will aid in the combustion of the
fuel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHIMNEY POTS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Edward Henry Harris, of 38, Spring
Street, Paddington, and Thomas Lumley, of 5, Wellington Terrace,
Paddington Green, both in the County of Middlesex, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHIMNEY POTS."
(Void by reason of the Patentees having neglected to file a Specification
in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Edward Henry
Harris and Thomas Lumley at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 17th November 1868.
We, JAMES EDWARD HENRY HARRIS, of 38, Spring Street, Padding-
ton, and THOMAS LUMLEY, of 5, Wellington Terrace, Paddington Green,
both in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHIMNEY POTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in chimney pots. For
this purpose we form chimney pots with numerous holes or openings
through all the sides of the pot, and the opening at the top of the pot

page_text: we reduce by a conical cover fixed above.it. The reduced opening at the
top of the cone we cover over with a plate or guard which is supported
at a distance above the opening so that smoke can pass away through
it, but the guard prevents any downward current of air blowing straight
down the chimney. We are aware that chimney pots have before been
constructed with large openings formed down their sides, and in front
of such openings guard plates or shields have been placed, but such
pots are very liable to become clogged with soot; but by forming a pot
with numerous holes through the sides as above described without any
guard in front of them not only may the pot be constructed very cheaply,
but the side openings of the pot will not be liable to choke up as the
wind blowing through them will always keep them clear.
LOWERING APPARATUS INTENDED TO BE USED AS A FIRE-ESCAPE AND FOR OBTAINING ACCESS TO THE EXTERIOR OR OTHER WALL SURFACES OF BUILDINGS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Andoe at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
September 1868.
I, FRANCIS ANDOE, of Swansea, in the County of Glamorgan, do
hereby declare the. nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED LOWERING
APPARATUS INTENDED TO BE USED AS A FIRE-ESCAPE AND FOR OBTAINING ACCESS
TO THE EXTERIOR OR OTHER WALL SURFACES OF BUILDINGS," to be as follows:-
The Invention comprises constructing apparatus consisting of a box
or receptacle for one or more persons to stand or place themselves within
it, and having cords, ropes, or tackle for suspending it passed through
gripping pullies or rollers, one pair at either end (or side) of and near to
top. thereof, and thence by other pullies or rollers guided and brought to
pass out of the box or receptacle together or nearly together, at or near
to the bottom thereof, and furnished with a check break for pressing on
the tackle or rollers, or some of them, to prevent too rapid a descent,
and in some cases the box or receptacle having also attached thereto or
being fitted or combined with other tackle, including pulley block for
raising the apparatus when desired.

page_text: And the Invention may be performed as follows:-The box may or
may not be an article of furniture, such as a toilet table, or cabinet, or
ottoman, or other hollow receptacle with removable top and with
bottom to stand on within it. The pairs of gripping rollers may be
made to act either independently or together with the check break,
which may be screwed or pressed upon the tackle or the pullies by the
occupants of the box. The tackle may be ropes, cords, or chains, but
preferably ordinary hempen cords or wire ropes. And protective guido
-rollers or wheels or inclined striking surfaces may be fitted to the box
or receptacle for keeping the body thereof off or from rubbing or
striking against the walls against which it may be used. When placed
ready for use as a fire-escape the suspending ropes may depend from
soffit of a window recess or from ceiling, the length thence to sides being
concealed from observation by the window curtains, and the remainder
may lie or be packed within the table or box. The width of the table or
box should for convenience be somewhat less than that of the window
opening through which it is to be passed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING POTATOES IN ORDER TO PREPARE THEM FOR FOOD
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Cain at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th November
1868.
I, THOMAS CAIN, of Douglas, in the Isle of Man, Millwright, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING POTATOES IN ORDER TO PREPARE
THEM FOR FOOD," to be as follows:-
After cooking the potatoes in the usual manner I cause air to be
passed through and between them for the purpose of carrying off any
water or steam that may be on or between them, and so prevent such
steam or water from being mixed with, the potatoe. After the steam
or water is entirely driven off by the current of air I pass the potatoes
between two rollers, one roller has a plain or solid surface, and the
other roller is covered with wire cloth or such like material, and as
the potatoes pass between these rollers they are pressed in through
the wire cloth or such like material into the interior of the roller which
is covered with the wire cloth or such like material, leaving the skin

page_text: on the surface of the wire cloth or such like material, whence it may
be removed by hand or otherwise. This roller may be covered with
wire cloth or have an endless web of wire cloth passing over it, or
the roller may be finely perforated to allow the potatoes to pass through.
All or part of the above means may be used with other usual operations
in the process of preserving potatoes.
IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR FLATTENING HACKLE, GILL COMB OR CARD PINS, ALSO THE.. HEADS OF NEEDLES AND ARTICLES OF A LIKE NATURE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Barrans at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
August 1868.
I, JOSEPH BARRANS, of Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR FLATTENING HACKLE, GILL COMB OR CARD PINS, ALSO THE..
HEADS OF NEEDLES AND ARTICLES OF A LIKE NATURE," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to lessen the amount of labour-
requisite in effecting the process of flattening the articles referred to
in my title. For this purpose upon a suitable frame I mount a
horizontal double-cranked shaft, and I connect to such cranks vertical
sliding bars, to the lower ends of which I affix adjustable jaws capable.
of holding die stampers or flatteners; I also mount on the bottom
of the frame adjustable anvils underneath the stampers or flatteners.
The crank shaft being set in motion by a driving pulley upon one
end of it, and the relative position of the die stampers and anvils
regulated according to the required thickness of the article to be
flattened, the purpose of the machine is effected, a fly wheel on the

page_text: other end of the shaft giving the required momentum. If desired hand
power may be used.
As alternative means I sometimes use a single or duplex steam
hammer for flattening purposes or one constructed in the same manner
as the ordinary elve hammer, in the latter case making due allowance
in the die stamper and anvil for the curvature of the stroke.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATCHES, CHRONOMETERS, AND CLOCKS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th March 1868.-A communication from abroad by Clement
Exhenry, of Monthey, in the Republic of Switzerland, Watchmaker.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATCHES,
CHRONOMETERS, AND CLOCKS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object to prolong the action of watches,
chronometers, and clocks, so as to cause them to go eighteen or twenty
days without having to be wound up. For this purpose the ordinary
spring and barrel are dispensed with, and are replaced by two spiral
springs without barrels, situated in recesses formed in the pallet plate
of the watch, chronometer, or clock. These springs are fixed at their
outer ends, while the inner ends are attached to spindles to which
they impart their motion when wound up, acting therefore in a contrary
manner to the ordinary spring barrel. The spindles are connected
to two toothed wheels by means of spring pawls carried by the latter
in gear with ratchet wheels fixed on the former, which toothed wheels

page_text: are in gear with each other while one of them is at the same time
made to actuate the minute wheels and escapement of the watch or
clock, by which means both springs are made to act in union upon
the mechanism, and great regularity of action is thus obtained.
By this arrangement also the winding up of the one or the other
of the springs will not interfere with the action of the clock.
-
For the stop action in winding up the springs, each of the spindles
connected thereto carries a stud in gear with a star wheel, so formed
that after the required number of revolutions of the spindle the stud
comes in contact with a stopping sector, and the further rotation of 1
the spindle is thus prevented.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FRAMES OR HOLDERS FOR CONTAINING PHOTOGRAPHS, MINIATURES, HAIRWORK, PICTURES, OR ENGRAVINGS, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES, AND IN APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED IN THEIR MANUFACTURE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 15th May 1868.-A communication from abroad by Joseph
François Antoine Aubriot Roussaux and Lucien Vincent, of Paris,
in the Empire of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FRAMES OR HOLDERS FOR CONTAINING PHOTOGRAPHS,
MINIATURES, HAIRWORK, PICTURES, OR ENGRAVINGS, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES,
AND IN APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED IN THEIR MANUFACTURE," a com-
munication to me from abroad by Joseph Francois Antoine Aubriot
Roussaux and Lucien Vincent, of Paris, in the Empire of France, to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists in the application and use to and in the
manufacture of frames or holders for containing photographs, miniatures,
hairwork, pictures, or engravings, and other like articles of moulded
glass or porcelain, either plain, colored, or more or less ornamented,
in substitution for wood, metal, or other materials hitherto employed
in the manufacture of picture frames or holders.

page_text: In carrying out this Invention the glass or porcelain employed is
introduced whilst in a soft or plastic state into a metal mould of the
required design wherein the newly introduced glass or porcelain is
subjected to pressure in order to consolidate it and cause it to enter all
the ornamental or other interstices in the mould and form a sharp
casting. This mould is by preference composed of two parts binged
together, the one-half containing the matrix for the front part of the
frame, whilst the other may be provided with a plain raised surface or
projecting face for the formation of the rebate in the back of the frame.
Before casting the two halves of the mould are closed and held securely
together by any suitable fastening, and so soon as the glass or porcelain
has been introduced through an opening left for that purpose a piston
or ram is forced into the said opening in order to compress or consolidate
the same inside the mould.
AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION TO BE USED FOR "FILLING UP" THE BODIES OF CARRIAGES AND OTHER SUBSTANCES PREVIOUS TO RECEIVING THE COLOURING MATTER
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Sykes and George Malin
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 20th October 1868.
We, JOHN SYKES and GEORGE MALIN, of High Holborn, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION TO BE USED FOR "FILLING UP" THE BODIES
OF CARRIAGES AND OTHER SUBSTANCES PREVIOUS TO RECEIVING THE COLOURING
MATTER," to be as follows:-
This improved preparation is used for "filling up" the bodies of
carriages and other substances previous to their receiving colouring
matter, and is composed of two pounds of powdered rottenstone, two
ounces of powdered pumicestone, half a pound of white lead, three
half pints of gold size, and one half pint of turpentine, the whole to be
thoroughly mixed together, after which the composition is ready for use.
For some purposes in lieu of pumicestone we use finely powdered
hearthistone.

page_text: It is evident that our improved composition may be applied to all
kinds of wood and compo work as it enables a fine polish to be given to
the material and perfectly resists heat or damp.
AN IMPROVED BLOW PIPE APPARATUS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Septimus Fowell Armstead at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 12th May 1868.
I, SEPTIMUS FOWELL ARMSTEAD, of 19, Barnsbury Street, Islington,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention, for "AN IMPROVED BLOW PIPE APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
The object of the apparatus is to facilitate operations with the blow
pipe. For this purpose the flame is obtained from cotton or other wick
held in a tube supplied with naptha or other spirit from a reservoir,
which by preference serves as a handle, or it may have a handle applied
to it. The blow pipe is passed through or fixed to this reservoir or to
the tube from it, with the point or outlet for the air in position capable
of adjustment, if desired, in or near the flame. To the inner or opposite
end of this pipe is connected one end of a piece of flexible tubing, the
other end of which is provided with a mouth piece to be held in the
mouth of the user. By these means one hand is entirely free, and
general facility is afforded in blow pipe operations.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN TREATING SEWAGE AND IMPURE OR POLLUTED WATERS, AND IN THE PREPARATION OF MATERIALS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Henry Prentice at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd September 1868..
I, EDWARD HENRY PRENTICE, of Stowmarket, in the County of
Suffolk, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TREATING SEWAGE AND IMPURE OR POLLUTED WATERS, AND IN THE
PREPARATION OF MATERIALS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR THAT PURPOSE," to be as.
follows:-
Various processes have been employed from time to time for separating
the denser or more solid matter from sewage, such as by means of lime,
alum, alumina, and other substances, and various means have been
adopted to increase the value of such solid matter by adding thereto
superphosphates, guano, and other fertilizing agents, and the sewage
has been disinfected by admixture of perchloride of iron and other dis-
infectants.
Now my present Invention consists in the addition of phosphoric acid,
or compounds thereof known as superphosphates, or any soluble salt of
phosphoric acid to the sewage matter or other water to be acted upon in
the proportion of about from 12 to 15 lbs. to 1,000 gallons of sewage, and

page_text: in the precipitation of such phosphoric acid or soluble phosphates by the
addition of lime or any other earthy or alkaline base in the proportion
of about from 20 to 30 lbs. to 1,000 gallons of sewage. The effect of
such precipitation will be that all or some of the solid matter contained
in the sewage or other water is carried down together with the above-
named precipitates, by the addition of which to the sewage the value of
the latter is greatly increased for agricultural purposes. I in no way
limit myself to the above proportions.
In some cases I employ such sources of phosphoric acid or soluble
phosphates as contain oxide of iron, or I add oxide of iron during the pre-
paration of such phosphoric acid or soluble phosphates, thereby obtaining
the beneficial action of the chlorides or other salts of iron so introduced.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THIMBLES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Charles at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
December 1868.
I, ROBERT CHARLES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Haberdasher, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THIMBLES," to be as follows (that is to
say)-
My improvements in thimbles apply to the descriptions used by
sempstresses or tailors for general hand sewing, and consist in lining
them with glass, which may be effected in various ways, such as making
the metal or compound metal outer casing of the thimble a mould or
matrix, and applying an internal plunger, leaving a sufficient space for
the glass, the latter being in a soft state during the time it is being
pressed into the interior of the metal or outer casing; or the glass lining
may be on the exterior, the exact shape and dimensions of the internal
form of the metal casing, the glass lining being held or retained by the
outer or metal portion of the thimble being lapped or spun over it
(operations well known), so as to retain the glass and form a bead around
the open part of the thimble. In some cases the glass may form a bead

page_text: around the mouth or open part of the thimble and may be of any desirable
colour. I do not purpose confining myself to any particular metal, as
they may be of gold, silver, iron, brass, or any suitable compound or
alloy of metal, nor to any particular mode of making the outer or metal
casing..