Improvements in Hair and Wool Clippers and Shears.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Feb., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 11th Nov., 1892-Accepted, 17th Dec., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Hair and Wool Clippers and Shears.
I, WILLIAM JOHN EWINS of 117 Bloxwich Road, Walsall, in the County of
Stafford, Tool Maker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention pertains to hair and wool clippers and shears, for clipping the
human hair, horses, sheep, cattle and the like, and relates to detail improvements
in the construction and arrangement of the said instruments or apparatus, and
consists in the first part, in the construction of spring attachments, for the automatic
opening of the levers, on the forward pressure of the same being relieved by the
operator, and in the second part, in means of mounting the rollers of roller bearings.
In carrying out my invention, 1 will describe it in connection with an automatic
return human hair clipper.
The one part of the clipper consists of a comb plate, and a reciprocating cutter
plate working upon it, and with the former provided with a fixed handle, from the
attachment part of which, an upright screwed stalk or peg proceeds.
The cutter plate is gapped upon the middle of its inner side, and works over
the attached part of the handle, which acts as a stop for limiting the movement of
the said plate, which is downwardly slotted at its middle approximate to the teeth,
and wherein a stud carried upon the underside of the finger of the movable lever,
as hereinafter described, takes.
The cutter plate is connected to the comb one, and cut given to it by a gapped
and top plate.
A movable or working lever, has its inner end, which is boxed and sleeved as
hereinafter described, taking upon the upright screwed stalk or peg, and is kept
in position by a screw nut, with an interposed washer coming upon the topside
of it.
The box or head of this movable lever, is provided with an annular box part,
wherein the convolutions of a loop coiled spring lie, while the opposite sides of the
said annular box part are gapped upwardly, the front side to the depth of the side
walls, and with a peg hanging from the prolonged fore part or finger near the
entrance to the said gap, whilst at a lower plane, the underside of the finger comes,
and from the middle of which a peg or stud, which engages with the slot in the
cutter plate, comes.
The other and back side gap is cut away only to a slight degree, sufficient for
the rear arm or branch of the spring to pass through, and to take its bearing
within a gap, or against a shoulder formed upon the inner side of the attachment
end of the fixed handle or lever.
Thus, the inner end of the movable handle or lever, is made in the form of a
cap, gapped front and rear, and with a sleeve directed down its middle, which takes
upon the screwed stalk, directed from the base of the fixed handle, while the fore
part of the cap is made in the form of a finger or short lever, with a hanging peg
upon the underside near its outer end, for the working of the cutter plate, and
also a banging plate near the entrance to the gap, against which the front arm or
branch of the spring takes its bearing.
The working of the handles, or rather the movable one, compresses the spring
by the closing of them, and on being released, they are automatically opened by
the arms of the spring which are enclosed with the cap or head, taking their
bearing against the fixed lever or handle, and the stud or lug on the underside of
the finger of the movable handle respectively.

page_text: In carrying out the second part of my invention, I interpose between the cap of
the handle, and the cutter plate, or the cap alone. and the cutter plate, spindle or
trunnion ended cross directed rollers, and with the spindle or truunion ends, working
within bearings, formed within opposite ridges, located at the two opposite underside
ends of the said cap.
Thus, the middle parts of the ends of the said caps are gapped, and with raised
parts directed upon the opposite sides of the gaps, and within the said raised parts
open bearings are made, into which the spindled or trunnioned ends of the rollers
take, and are there enclosed, by closing the metal at the gapped entrances to the
said bearings.
By mounting the rollers in manner as described, they are suspended within the
gaps, and with the trunnion ends only of them, coming in contact with a frictional
surface.
The underside planes of the rollers, fall below the underside plane of the cap,
and come upon the topside plane of cutter and reciprocating plate.
Instead of roller bearings, I may employ spheres, with spindle or axis ends,
directed from their sides as poles, and upon which poles the spheres turn, as centres
of motion.
1 may employ two, three or more of the said spheres placed or working within
recesses within the cap.
If necessary, the said broad rollers with bearing ends, and also the spheres with
bearing poles, may be employed or located between the comb plate and cutter
plate.
WILLIAM JOHN EWINS,
By Henry Skerrett,
Birmingham, Agent for Applicant.
WILLIAM JOHN EWINS,
By Henry Skerrett,
Birmingham, Agent for Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Hair and Wool Clippers and Shears.
I WILLIAM JOHN EWINS of 117 Bloxwich Road Walsall, in the County of
Stafford, Tool Maker do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention pertains to hair and wool clippers and shears for clipping the
human hair, horses, sheep, cattle and the like, and relates to detail improvements
in the construction and arrangement of the said instruments or apparatus, and
consists in the first part, in the construction of spring attachments, for the automatic
opening of the levers, on the forward pressure of the same being relieved by the
operator, and in the second part, in means of mounting the rollers of roller
bearings.
In carrying out my invention I will describe it in connection with an automatic-
return human-hair clipper.
The one part of the clipper consists of a comb plate and a reciprocating cutter
plate working upon it, and with the former provided with a fixed handle, from the
attachment part of which, an upright screwed stalk or peg proceeds.
The cutter plate is gapped upon the middle of its inner side, and works over
the attached part of the handle, which acts as a stop for limiting the movement of
the said plate, which is downwardly slotted at its middle, approximate to the teeth,
and wherein a stud carried upon the underside of the finger of the movable lever,
as hereinafter described, takes.
The cutter plate is connected to the comb one, and cut given to it, by a gapped
and top plate.
A movable or working lever has its inner end, which is boxed and sleeved as

page_text: hereinafter described, taking upon the upright screwed stalk or peg, and is kept in
position by a screw nut, with an interposed washer coming upon the topside of it.
The box or head of this movable lever, is provided with an annular box part,
wherein the convolutions of a loop coiled spring lie, while the opposite sides of the
said annular box part, are gapped upwardly, the front side to the depth of the side
walls, and with a peg hanging from the prolonged fore part or finger near the
entrance to the said gap, whilst at a lower plane, the underside of the finger comes,
and from the middle of which, a peg or stud, which engages with the slot in the
cutter plate, comes.
The other and backside gap is cut away only to a slight degree sufficient for the
rear arm or branch of the spring to pass through, and to take its bearing within a
gap, or against a shoulder formed upon the inner side of the attachment end of
the fixed handle or lever.
Thus the inner end of the movable handle or lever, is made in the form of a cap,
gapped front and rear, and with a sleeve directed down its middle, which takes
upon the screwed stalk, directed from the base of the fixed handle, while the fore
part of the cap is made in the form of a finger or short lever, with a hanging peg
upon the underside near its outer end, for the working of the cutter plate, and also
a hanging plate near the entrance to the gap, against which the front arm or branch
of the spring takes its bearing.
The working of the handles, or rather the movable one, compresses the spring
by the closing of them, and on being released, they are automatically opened by
the arms of the spring which are enclosed within the cap or head, taking their
bearings against the fixed lever or handle, and the stud or lug on the underside of
the finger of the movable handle respectively.
In carrying out the second part of my invention, I interpose between the cap of
the handle, and the cutter plate, or the cap alone and the cutter plate, pivot or
trunnion ended cross-directed rollers, and with the pivot or trunnion ends, working
within bearings, formed within opposite ridges located at the two opposite underside
ends of the said cap.
Thus, the middle parts of the ends of the said caps are gapped, and with
raised parts directed upon the opposite sides of the gaps, and within the said
raised parts, open bearings are made, into which the spindled or trunnioned ends of
the rollers take, and are there enclosed, by closing the metal at the gapped
entrances to the said bearings.
By mounting the rollers in manner as described, they are suspended within the
gaps, and with the trunnion ends only of them, coming in contact with a frictional
surface.
The underside planes of the rollers, fall below the underside plane of the cap,
and come upon the top side plane of cutter and reciprocating plate.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawing represents, partly in plan, and partly in
horizontal section, a toilet clipper, provided and fitted according to my invention.
Figure 2 represents a transverse vertical section of Figure 1, through the dotted
lines A. B.
Figure 3 represents a horizontal section upon the dotted lines C D.
Figure 4 is a cross section of the inner end of the working lever, with the spring
located within the boxed recess, and surrounding the bearing sleeve.
Figure 5 is an underside plan of Figure 4.
Figure 6 is a like view as Figure 5, but with the spring removed.
Figure 7 represents an end view of the pressure plate, wherein coned-ended
anti-friction rollers are mounted.
Figure 8 represents a sectional view of an end of one of the rollers and its
bearing, and some of the cognate parts of the clipper.
Figure 9 represents a roller upon an enlarged scale, with pivoted and shouldered
ends, whilst Figure 10 represents a spindled roller, with pivot ends, which work
within closed or semi-closed bearings carried by the pressure plate.

page_text: Figure 11 represents another box ended lever, suitable for the reception of the
flat spring Figure 12.
Figure 13 represents an underside plan of the cap end of a lever carrying coned
or pivoted ended anti-friction rollers.
Thus in this arrangement, the inner end of the stationary lever has combined
with it, the pressure plate, which takes the form of a cap, with the pivoted ended
rollers located within pockets formed within the undersides of the ends of the same.
In Figures 1 to 8, a is a comb plate and b is the reciprocating cutter plate,
working upon the top side of it, and operated by a working lever c, whose inner
end c, is made box form, with an arm end c³, having depending pegs 4, which take
into a long slot 6, made within the middle of the body of the cutter plate b; d is a
fixed lever made rigid to the comb plate a, and having a pin or stalk d², standing
upwardly from the middle of its top side, over which a bearing sleeve c³, located
within the box recess c, of the inner end c³, of the working lever c, takes and
works.
, is a bearing pin or shoulder, against which the inner free end e³, of a loop
coiled spring e, located within the boxed recesses c, and encircling the bearing
sleeve c, takes its bearing, whilst the other and free end e, passes through a gap d',
of the fixed lever d, and takes its bearing upon the shoulder of the said lever.
is a pressure plate, bearing upon the top side of the cutter plate b, and which
has mounted within open ended and underside recesses, conical ended rollers g,
whose pivot and coned ends take within elevated bearings, made coincident
through the opposite sides f', of the said pressure plate, which is drawn home by
screws and nuts f⭑.
The acting faces of the roller impinge or work upon the top side of the cutter
plate, as the said cutter plate traverses under them, whilst the other sides of the
rollers are clear of the tops of the recesses wherein they work, so that the rollers
turn upon their pivot ends, and press only upon the cutter plate.
In Figure 9, the ends of the rollers are shouldered and pivoted, and are
marked g².
In Figure 10, the roller g, works upon a spindle centre g', having pivot ends ³.
In Figures 11 and 12, c is the working lever, c², its boxed or shell inner end,
cits armed end or finger, c the stud carried by it, the sleeved bearing, co the
recess, with entrance c, and within which box or shell recess the spring e, takes,
with one end bearing against the shoulder c', and the other end against a like
shoulder as d³, Figure 1, of a fixed lever.
In Figure 13, representing the fixed lever, with cap and pressure rollers, d is a
lever, is the cap end or pressure plate end of the same, y are rollers with the
coned pivot ends, working within bearings f, of the sides f¹, and with the body
part of the said roller, crossing and located within an open ended gap f³, with
sufficient clearance to admit of the said rollers touching only at their pivot ends.
Figure 14 represents an inner end of a working lever, without the bearing pin,
and with a gap c' formed within the metal of the arm in lieu of it. The pivot
ended rollers may be employed without springs, or vice-versa.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
First-In hair and wool clippers or shears, making the inner end of the working
lever or an inner end of one of the levers, of a box or shell construction, for the
reception of the spring for the automatic taking back of the working lever,
substantially as described and set forth.
Secondly-In hair and wool clippers or shears, making the inner end of the
working lever of the same, of a box or shell construction, with a suitable bearing
for one of the free ends of a spring, which lies within it, and with a bearing sleeve
directed up the middle of the said box or shell part, substantially as described and
Bet forth.

page_text: Thirdly-In hair and wool clipper or shears, the improvements in the inner
ends of the working lever, for the holding and reception of the spring, with its
bearings and accessory parts, substantially as described and set forth.
Fourthly-In hair and wool clippers or shears, employing in connection with
the cap, pressure plate or head of lever and cutter plate, rollered bearings, having
pivoted ends, pivoted shouldered ends, or pivoted coned ends, working within
elevated and side bearings, and with the body parts working within clearances, or
within clearances opened at the ends, of caps, pressure plates or the like, sub-
stantially as described and set forth.
Dated this 10th day of November 1892.
WILLIAM JOHN EWINS,
By Henry Skerrett,
6, Livery Street, Birmingham, Agent for Applicant.