AN IMPROVED IMPLEMENT FOR CULTIVATING OR TILLING LAND
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Gilbert and Samuel Gilbert, the younger,
of Wansford, in the County of Northampton, for the Invention of "AN
IMPROVED IMPLEMENT FOR CULTIVATING OR TILLING LAND."
Sealed the 23rd February 1866, and dated the 30th August 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Gilbert and
Samuel Gilbert, the younger, at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 30th August 1865.
We, SAMUEL GILBERT and SAMUEL GILBERT, the younger, of Wansford; in
the County of Northampton, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED IMPLEMENT FOR CULTIVATING OR TILLING LAND," to be as
follows:-
1 ..
This Invention has for its object an improved implement for cultivating or
tilling land. For this purpose we employ a triangular frame mounted on
wheels, at the apex of the triangle are two wheels acting together as a pivot
wheel, and near the base of the triangular frame are two other wheels one at
each side. Over the first frame is another of similar form, and to this the
cultivating tines are keyed, they are arranged in four or other convenient

page_text: number of rows, and they are so placed that each tine makes a fresh furrow,
and they divide the land equally between them. The upper frame when the
tines are at work rests on the lower, but it is capable of being raised to lift
them off the land. For this purpose a hand lever is used, it is above the
upper frame, and is supported on an axis carried by standards projecting up
from the lower frame, so that when the hinder end of the hand lever which
projects from the back of the implement is depressed, the other end rises, and
this end is connected by links with the upper frame near the back thereof,
which is thus raised. In order to lift simultaneously the front end of the
upper frame, the hand lever is made to give motion to a second lever by
means of a link connecting the two, and this second lever turns at its forward
end on a pin or axis at the top of a standard rising from the pivot wheels,
and there is a link connecting this lever at a point intermediate of its length
with the upper frame near the point thereof, hence by depressing the hand
lever the upper frame with the tines will be lifted up at the front and back
at the same time, so as to clear the tines from the land. The upper and lower
frames are connected by draw bars, and when the tines commence work they
draw themselves into the land, the draw bars being connected to the back of
.the upper frame and near the front of the lower frame. The height of the
lower frame from the land, and consequently the distance which 'the upper
frame with the tiñes descend can be regulated at the back, this is done by
adjusting the frame up and down on the axis of the hind wheels, and at the
front the lower frame is able to slide up and down on the 'standard which
as before mentioned springs from the pivot wheels, and there is a link which
suspends it from the front lifting lever already mentioned, and the link is
made with several pin holes to receive the pin on which it hangs, and so the
length of the link and the height of the fore part of the lower frame from
the land are adjusted. The point of suspension of the link is close up
to the pivot of the lever, so that the working of the lever affects very
slightly the height of the lower frame.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Samuel Gilbert and Samuel Gilbert, the younger, in the
'Great Seal 'Patent Office on the 28th February 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, SAMUEL
GILBERT and SAMUEL GILBERT, the younger, of Wansford, in the County of
Northampton, send greeting. .

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters,
Patent,, bearing date the Thirtieth day of August, in the year of our Lord One,
thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of Her reign,
did, for, Herself, Her heirs and. successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Samuel Gilbert and Samuel Gilbert, Her special licence, that we, the said.
Samuel Gilbert and Samuel Gilbert, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said Samuel. Gilbert and Samuel Gilbert, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for " AN IMPROVED IMPLEMENT: POR CULTIVATING OR.
TILLING LAND," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Samuel
Gilbert and Samuel Gilbert, our executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under our or their bands and seals, or under the hand and
seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the.
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Gilbert, on behalf of myself
and the said Samuel Gilbert, the younger, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be par-
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,
that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object an improved implement for cultivating
or tilling land. For this purpose we employ a triangular frame mounted on
wheels. At the apex of the triangle are two wheels acting together as a pivot
wheel, and near the base of the triangular frame are two other wheels, one.nt
each side. Over the first frame is another of similar form, and to this the
cultivating tines are keyed, they are arranged in four or other convenient
number of rows, and they are so placed that each tine makes a fresh
furrow, and they divide the land equally between them. The upper frame
when the tines are at work rests on the lower, but it is capable of being
raised to lift them off the land. For this purpose a hand lever is used,
it is above the upper frame, and is supported on an axis carried by standards.
projecting up from the lower frame, so that when the hinder end of the hand-
lever which projects from the back of the implement is depressed, the other
end rises, and this end is connected by links with the upper frame near the

page_text: back thereof, which is thus raised in order to lift simultaneously the front end
of the upper frame, the hand lever is made to give motion to a second lever
by means of a link connecting the two, and this second lever turns at its
forward end on a pin or axis at the top of a standard rising from the pivot
wheels, and there is a link connecting this lever at a point intermediate of its
length with the upper frame near the front thereof, hence by depressing the
hand lever the upper frame with the tines will be lifted up at the front and
back at the same time so as to clear the tines from the land. The upper and
lower frames are connected by draw bars, and when the tines commence work
they draw themselves into the land, the draw bars being connected to the
back of the upper frame, and near the front of the lower frame. The height
of the lower frame from the land, and consequently the distance which the
upper frame with the tines descends can be regulated. At the back this is
done by adjusting the frame up and down on the axis of the hind wheels, and)
at the front the lower frame is able to slide up and down on the standard,
which as before mentioned springs from the pivot wheels, and there is a link:
which suspends it from the front lifting lever already mentioned, and the link:
is made with several pin holes to receive the pin on which it hangs, and so
the length of the link and the height of the fore part of the lower frame from
the land are adjusted. The point of suspension of the link is close up to the
pivot of the lever, so that the working of the lever affects very slightly the
height of the lower frame.
Having thus stated the nature of our Invention, we will proceed more fully.
to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows a perspective view of an implement combined and con-
structed according to our Invention, the cultivating tines in this Figure are
shown to be raised out of the ground; Figure 2 shows a plan view of the
lower frame; Figure 3 shows a plan of the upper frame which carries the
tines; Figure 4 shows one of the tines with its cutting share separately;
Figure 5 shows a plan of the lever by which in conjunction with the lever
Figure 6 the upper frame is lifted. In each of the Figures the same letters
of reference indicate the same parts.
. a, a, is the lower frame of the implement, which is at its fore end supported
on the upright shaft b, which at its lower end carries the horizontal axis b³, on
the ends of which are the two fore wheels c, c, which are arranged to lock or
turn in order that the implement may be steered by the aid of the draft
bar d, which is made with several holes to adjust the point of draft; e is-the

page_text: hinder shaft or axle which supports the back end of the lower frame a, a, in
the following manner :-On each side of the implement is a lever e', which at
its forward end turns on a pin e fixed to the side of the frame. The shaft or
axle passes through the two levers, and is fixed therein, the position of the
back end of each lever e¹ is adjusted by a pin, which passes through the lever
and through the projection e³ (in which there are several holes) fixed to the
side of the frame a. To the back end of each of these levers e¹ is fixed a
scraper.e for the hind wheels as shown. At the front end of the lower
frame a, a, is an upright a', consisting of two plates, with several holes for
adjustment at its upper end as shown. This upright a¹ is fixed at its lower
end to the frame a, a, and is supported in an upright position by the two
diagonal bars a³, a³. The draft bar with the locking axis and fore wheels can
turn freely on the upright shaft 6 when the implement is required to be turned.
ff, is the upper frame in which the stems of the tines g, g. 9, are keyed or
otherwise fixed, as is shown by the Drawings. The cutters or shares of the
tines are of a rectangular form, and have sockets to fix on the lower ends of
the stems, and they are fixed by pins. passing through the sockets and the
lower ends of the tines. The cutting edges are of a rectangular form, and
are similarly formed at top and bottom, so that they may be turned over from
time to time as they become worn on one side. The upper frame f, f, is
suspended by the levers h, h¹, in the following manner :-The fore end of the
lever h¹ is pin-jointed to the upright shaft or axis b, and it has a pin passed
through it, and through the upright a¹. Intermediate of the length of the
lever h is a link f¹, which at its upper end is pin-jointed to
lever h¹, whilst its lower end is attached to the upper frame f.
of the lever h¹ is connected to the fore end of the lever h by a frame link h³.
The lever h is a framed lever, and is shown separately in plan at Figure 5,
and it turns on an axle or bolt h³, which passes through it, and through
the two uprights h, h, which are attached at their lower ends to the hinder
axle, which as before stated is fixed in and carried by two levers, one on each
side of the lower frame. The hinder wheels i, i, turn freely on the ends of
the binder axle e. The lever h has on it the lever catch h³, in order that when
the upper frame is lifted the back end of the lever h may be retained down,
and locked in position by this lever catch, as is shown in Figure 1. The
front end of the lever h is attached to the upper frame by two suspending
rods ho, ho, which are connected together at their upper ends, their lower
ends being attached to the upper frauie.
a strap on the
The back end
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and the manner of

page_text: performing the same, we would have it understood that we claim the combined
arrangement herein described..
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Gilbert, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
SAM: GILBERT. (L.S.)