IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING YARNS FROM FLAX, HEMP, AND OTHER FIBRES."
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Lawson, of Leeds, in the County of York,
Machine Maker, 'for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
SPINNING YARNS FROM FLAX, HEMP, AND OTHER FIBRES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Lawson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th July 1881.
THOMAS LAWSON, of Leeds, in the County of York, Machine Maker. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING YARNS FROM FLAX, HEMP, AND OTHER
FIBRES."
The chief object of this Invention is to spin the finer class of yarns from Manilla,
or Russian hemp, or other long fibres.
For this purpose I arrange a series of spindles and flyers in combination with
a sheet of gills, screws, or chains, setting the spindles at an inclined position with
respect to the sheet of gills.
The head of the flyer is formed with a hollow stem which turns in fixed bearings
and carries a pulley for imparting rotary motion to the flyer.
On the inner face of the head of the flyer a pair of grooved pulleys is mounted,
their axles being parallel to and equidistant from the axis of the flyer.
These grooved pulleys are intended to receive the sliver or twist as it passes
from a pair of drawing rollers situate between the flyer and the sheet of gills.
This twist is lapped around the grooved pulleys and passes thence to an arm of
the flyer, which lays it in the usual way on to the bobbin.
A positive motion is imparted to the grooved pulleys from a driven sleeve, which
passes through the sleeve of the flyer and carries on its inner end a spur pinion in
gear with spur wheels attached to the sides of the grooved pulleys.
These pulleys are supported on their stud axles by a cross bar which is socketted
to receive the end of the flyer spindle.
.
To prevent the twist flying off the grooved pulleys when the flyer is running at.
a great velocity, fingers or guards projecting from the inner side of the flyer head
may be used.
By placing the spindles in an inclined position the operation of doffing the
bobbins is facilitated, and I obtain a free course for the twist to pass directly to
the nip or bite of the rollers. This not only produces a smoother yarn, but as the.
thread is passed over the grooved pulleys it enables the twist to assist the drawing
rollers in drawing the sliver through the gills.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Thomas Lawson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 27th
January 1882.
THOMAS LAWSON, of Leeds, in the County of York, Machine Maker.
"IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING YARNS FROM FLAX, HEMP, AND OTHER
FIBRES."
The chief object of this Invention is to spin the finer class of yarns from
Manilla or Russian hemp, or other long fibres. For this purpose I arrange a series
of spindles and flyers in combination with a sheet of gills and screws or chains
setting the spindles and flyers at an inclined position with respect to the sheet of
gills, and providing novel means for drawing the fibres as illustrated. In the
accompanying three Sheets. of Drawings, Fig. 1 is a plan view of the machine;
Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the same; Fig. 3 is a partial longitudinal section on
an enlarged scale, shewing a flyer and the drawing rollers; and Fig. 4 is a cross
section taken on the line 1, 2, of Fig. 3. The same letters of reference refer to
like parts in all these Figures.
f The sliver to be drawn is fed in the usual way between the rollers A and carried
forward through the action of the gill screws B by the gills mounted on fallers C
to the drawing rollers D, D, whence the fibre passes to the flyers E, E.
The flyer heads are each formed with a hollow stem e (Fig. 3), which stems turn
in fixed bearings and carry pullies F for imparting rotary motion to the flyers.
On the inner face of the head of each flyer a pair of grooved pullies G is mounted
on stud axles g which are parallel to and equidistant from the axis of their
respective flyers.
These grooved pullies are intended to receive the sliver or twist as it passes from
the drawing rollers D through the hollow stem e to the interior of the flyer. This
twist is lapped around the grooved pullies (see Figures 3 and 4), and passes thence
to an arm of the flyer which lays it in the usual way onto the bobbin H.
A positive motion is imparted-to-the-grooved-pullies-from-a-hollow-spindle-I-
which passes through the hollow stem e of the flyer, serves as a conductor for the
fibre, and carries on its inuer end a spur pinion in gear with spur wheels g²
attached to the sides of the grooved pullies.
These pullies are supported on their stud axles by a cross bar g3 which is
socketted to receive the end of the bobbin spindle H¹.
To prevent the twist flying off the grooved pullies when the flyer is running at
a great velocity, fingers or guards & projecting from the inner side of the flyer
head may be used.
The bobbin H rests upon the bobbin carrier L supported by the socket or sleeve L'
which is mounted on the lifter bar M, and is free to turn therein against the
retarding friction of a weighted cord or its equivalent common to this class of
machines.
.
The bobbin spindles H¹ rest in the cross bar N of the framing, they being
supported at foot by plates O, the lifting of which will permit of the withdrawal
of the spindles for the doffing of their bobbins.
•
The flyers E are driven through their pulleys F from countershafts F¹, which
receive motion through bevil gearing from the main driving shaft P, and the
hollow spindles I receive motion through pulleys K from a countersbaft Q geared
with the main driving shaft.
On referring to Fig. 2 it will be seen that the gill bars incline downwards from
the feeding rolls A to the drawing rollers D, and that these latter, instead of

page_text: ranging vertically one above the other, have the line of their bearing inclined
towards the flyers, which as already stated are inclined with respect to the sheet
of gills.
By thus placing the spindles and flyers in an inclined position, it will be readily
understood that not only is the operation of doffing the bobbins facilitated, but I
also obtain a free course for the twist pass directly to the nip or bite of the driving
rollers (see Fig. 3). This not only produces a smoother yarn, but as the thread is
passed around the grooved pullies G, the travel upward of the twist will assist the
drawing rollers in drawing the sliver through the gills.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of " Improvements in
Machinery for Spinning Yarns from Flax, Hemp, and other Fibres," and explained
the manner of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that under
the above in part recited Letters Patent I claim,-
First. As an improvement in machinery for spinning high counts of yarn from
Manilla hemp and other long fibres, placing the spindles and flyers at such an
angle with respect to the drawing rollers and line of gills, that the twist shall be
free to run up to the nip or bite of the rollers, and the doffing of the bobbins will
be facilitated as above described.
Secondly. The combination of the driven grooved pullies carried by the flyers
with the drawing rollers, as described for effecting the operation of Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Lawson, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, the Twenty sixth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
THO. LAWSON. (L.S.)