Improvements in Stoves for Cooking and Heating Purposes and in Furnaces.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Oct., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 1st July, 1890-Accepted, 6th Sept.; 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Stoves for Cooking and Heating Purposes and in
Furnaces.
I, CLÉMENT LESCHEWITSCH, of Stolarny No. 12, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in heating and cooking apparatus for domestic
and other use. Kitcheners which are also employed as heating apparatus fail to give
satisfactory results not only from an economical and hygienic point of view but also
as regards culinary requirements. My improved kitchener on the other hand fulfils
all needful conditions as it can be produced cheaper than any other, is of very solid
construction and being made of metal is not liable to become overheated, owing
to the air being caused to circulate between double external walls while it is also
50 arranged as to enable it to better resist the action of the fire. Owing to
its being made of metal, the weight of the apparatus is inconsiderable and it
occupies but little space and consumes only a small amount of fuel and besides
its use as a kitchener it may also serve at same time as a calorifère or hot air
stove for heating the several rooms of a set of apartments as well as the kitchen.
When the apparatus is not required for cooking purposes and it is not desired that
the whole of the heat should escape into the kitchen, it is covered with a box or
casing containing ashes, sand, or other non-conducting material whereby the
apparatus is converted into a hot air stove. The cover may be held raised when
required, either by means of a spring hook fixed in the wall and capable of being
readily released or in other suitable manner. The apparatus is adapted for burning
all kinds of kitchen and other refuse which is stored in a destructor and dried, all smell
passing off through the flue.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this
specification, wherein
Figure 1 represents a perspective view of my improved kitchener provided with a
cover and refuse destructor.
Figure 2 is a similar view of the kitchener without the cover, and Figure 3 a view
with the cover raised.
Figures 4, 5, 6, shew vertical transverse sections of the kitchener, taken respectively
on lines A B, C D, E F, Figure 7 which is a longitudinal vertical section of same.
Figures 8 and 9 are horizontal sections of the kitchener, taken on lines M N,
and PQ.
Figure 10 shews a modification of the removable furnace in two positions in
perspective view.
Figure 11 is a perspective view of the hook or catch for holding the cover of
the kitchener raised.
Figure 12 shews the binge of said cover.
Figure 13 is an elevation, and Figure 14 a corresponding vertical section, of the
apparatus arranged as a hot air stove and provided with a destructor.
Figures 15 and 16 are vertical sections of an apparatus of the same kind provided
with a water discharge pipe.
Figure 17 is a vertical section, taken through the destructor.
Figure 18 shews the same arrangement of destructor applied to a kitchener.
Figure 19 is a longitudinal section of the kitchener represented in Figure 14.
Figure 20 shews the destructor as applied to a kitchener combined with what is
known as a Russian stove.
Figure 21 is a top plan of a kitchener with destructor.
Figure 22 shews a large kitchener having two destructors applied.

page_text: Figure 23 is a vertical section, Figure 24 a horizontal section, and Figure 25 a plan
of a destructor with intermediate furnace for heating wash-basins and the like.
Figures 26 and 27 are vertical sections shewing the destructor as applied to a steam
boiler furnace.
My improved kitchener fulfils all possible requirements as different kinds of food
may be cooked and roasted at the same time at the several openings in the top plate a
above the oven b; (see Figures 1 to 9). Cooked dishes can be kept hot
in a separate chamber c; d bain marie or boiler with openings for coffee pots and
other vessels requiring to be kept hot by steam, e rack for holding spoons or other
kitchen utensils; fg (Figure 4) are dampers by which the heating of the top plate a
may be regulated; h (Figure 6) damper for regulating the admission of hot air
through the grate bars to the furnace j; k destructor beneath which is a coal
bunker ; m m are openings above the hot water bath for steam heating; o cleaning
doors;
fire door ash-tray door; s hot water cock; u movable ash-tray. The
full line arrows indicate the direct passage of the smoke to the roasting oven so as to
obtain increased heat and also under the stove top a, boiler, and warming oven
and
thence to the flue past the damper g; z air inlet ;
outlet for hot air to the adjoining
apartments; casters upon which the apparatus may be supported and moved if
desired (see Figures 4 to 7). The passage of the smoke is indicated by the arrows in
full line and that of the hot air and ambient air by the arrows in dotted line. The
products of combustion pass beneath the top plate a, around the roasting oven b, along
one side of the bain marie d, then down to and under the warming oven c, as indicated
by the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, past the damper g, to the chimney. If it is desired
to increase the heat, the damper g is opened when the smoke passes through 1, 2, and
only partly through 3; the ambient air circulates as shewn by the dotted arrows,
around the smoke flues 1 to 7, and passes out in a heated condition through the
damper a (Figure 4) to the adjoining compartment. (Figures 6 and 8) is a damper
for admitting hot air beneath the grate to increase the conibustion.
(Figure 10) furnace movable on angle iron guides or on rollers, in the case of
large kitcheners. The furnace consists of an iron tray lined with fire bricks and the
furnace door is arranged so as to enable it to be readily slid in and out and supplied
with fuel. The furnace is provided with a sliding grate i to facilitate cleaning and
separating the ashes by shaking it over the ash-tray u (Figure 7) which latter can be
readily removed at door
Figures 13, 14, and 19, shew the furnace or destructor for burning waste materials,
applied to a hot air stove at one side thereof. The water from the waste materials
may be discharged by means of a vertical pipe j¹ communicating with any suitable
outlet, as shewn in Figures 15, 16, and 21. In Figure 18, the destructor is shewn
applied to an ordinary kitchener; in Figure 20 as applied to a Russian stove; and in
Figure 22 as applied to a large range, in which case two destructors would be employed
placed one on each side as shewn. For large military kitchens or laundries, two
destructors would be employed placed at the back of the coppers, as shewn in
Figures 23, 24, and 25. These destructors may also be combined with steam boiler
furnaces, as in Figures 26 and 27.
The destructor consists of a hopper, combined with the kitchener or range in
the various ways shewn, in which the domestic refuse is thrown for the purpose of
being dried and burnt. The destructor is placed at one side of the kitchener or
furnace on a level with the grate bars and communicates therewith by an opening k¹
(Figures 14, 15, 16,) forming a chamber in which the waste matters are dried by the
heat from the furnace the drying being still further accelerated by the double
current of heated air passing beneath the ash-pit between the double casing k of the
hopper. The watery vapors also become rapidly carried off into the furnace. The
refuse, after being thus dried, can be burnt as fuel together with the coal and thus
reduce the consumption. The details of construction of the hopper and its connections
may be varied, to suit the nature of the application.
For burning street refuse, the destructor would be combined with a steam boiler
furnace, as above described. The destructors may be provided with outlet pipes j¹ for

page_text: the water contained in the matters to be burnt or it may be run off into reservoirs
provided for the purpose underground. The pipes may be protected from the frost
by enclosing them in a packing of non-conducting material, but this would only be
necessary as a protection from extreme cold as these liquids always retain a certain
heat. Urine should not be poured down the outlet pipe, on account of its odor,
owing to the vapors from the residues being forced to traverse the flame in the
furnace. The air in its traverse becomes deprived of all smell, and the destructor
being hermetically closed there is no possibility of any smell escaping into the kitchen
or other apartment.
When the destructor is to be combined with a boiler furnace or hot air stove,
etc., the chamber receiving the refuse is preferably inclined, as in Figures 23, 26,
and 27, and provided with a grated bottom to which a rocking motion may be imparted
for the purpose of freeing it of any dirt or cinders which might be contained in the
refuse. In Figures 16 to 27, el is the hopper and the cover; g¹ channel through
which the heat from the fire enters the hopper for drying the refuse; ½ fire bars;
(Figures 15 and 16) perforated false bottom for running off water contained in the
refuse through pipe ; ³ (Figures 23, 26, and 27,) intermediate grate for apparatus
of large dimensions.
Tel: 51 1
1000
CLÉMENT LESCHEWITSCH.
By A. M. & Wm. Clark,
53, Chancery Lane, London, Patent Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Stoves for Cooking and Heating Purposes and in
Furnaces.
I, CLÉMENT LESCHEWITSCH of Stolarny No. 12, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention relates to improvements in heating and cooking apparatus for
domestic and other use. Kitcheners which are also employed as heating apparatus
fail to give satisfactory results, not only from an economical and hygienic point of
view but also as regards culinary requirements.
My improved kitchener on the other hand fulfils all needful conditions as it can
be produced cheaper than any other, is of very solid construction and being made
of metal is not liable to become overheated owing to the air being caused to
circulate between double external walls while it is also so arranged as to enable it
to better resist the action of the fire.
Owing to its being made of metal, the weight of the apparatus is inconsiderable and
it occupies but little space and consumes only a small amount of fuel and besides its
use as a kitchener it may also serve at same time as a calorifère or hot air stove
for heating the several rooms of a set of apartments as well as the kitchen. When
the apparatus is not required for cooking purposes and it is not desired that the
whole of the heat should escape into the kitchen, it is covered with a box or casing
containing ashes, sand, or other non-conducting material whereby the apparatus is
converted into a hot air stove. The cover may be held raised when required, either by
means of a spring hook fixed in the wall and capable of being readily released or in
other suitable manner. The apparatus is adapted for burning all kinds of kitchen' and
other refuse which is stored in a destructor and dried, all smell passing off through
the flue.
Reference is to be had to the drawings, accompanying my Provisional Specification,
wherein
Figure 1 represents a perspective view of my improved kitchener provided with a
cover and refuse destructor.

page_text: Figure 2 is a similar view of the kitchener without the cover, and Figure 3 a view
with the cover raised.
Figures 4, 5, 6, shew vertical transverse sections of the kitchener, taken respectively
on lines A B, C D, E F, Figure 7, which is a longitudinal vertical section of same.
Figures 8 and 9 are horizontal sections of the kitchener, taken on lines M N,
and P'Q.
Figure 10 shews a modification of the removable furnace in two positions in perspective
view.
Figure 11 is a perspective view of the hook or catch for holding the cover of the
kitchener raised.
Figure 12 shews the hinge of said cover.
Figure 13 is an elevation, and Figure 14 a corresponding vertical section, of the
apparatus arranged as a hot air stove and provided with a destructor.
Figures 15 and 16 are vertical sections of an apparatus of the same kind provided
with a water discharge pipe.
Figure 17 is a vertical section, taken through the destrucior.
Figure 18 shews the same arrangement of destructor applied to a kitchener.
Figure 19 is a longitudinal section of the kitchener represented in Figure 14.
Figure 20 shews the destructor as applied to a kitchener combined with what is
known as a Russian stove.
Figure 21 is a top plan of a kitchener with destructor.
Figure 22 shews a large kitchener having two destructors applied.
Figure 23 is a vertical section, Figure 24 a horizontal section, and Figure 25 a plan,
of a destructor with intermediate furnace for heating wash-basins and the like.
Figures 26 and 27 are vertical sections shewing the destructor as applied to a steam
boiler furnace.
My improved kitchener fulfils all possible requirements as different kinds of food
may be cooked and roasted at the same time at the several openings in the top
plate a above the oven b (see Figures 1 to 9). Cooked dishes can be kept hot
in a separate chamber c; d bain marie or boiler with openings for coffee pots and
other vessels requiring to be kept hot by steam, e rack for holding spoons or other
kitchen utensils; fg (Figure 4) are dampers by which the heating of the top plate a
may be regulated; h (Figure 6) damper for regulating the admission of hot air through
the grate bars to the furnace j; k destructor beneath which is a coal bunker 1;
mm are openings above the hot water bath for steam heating; o cleaning doors;
p fire door gash-tray door; s hot water cock; u movable ash-tray. The full line
arrows indicate the direct passage of the smoke to the roasting oven so as to obtain
increased heat and also under the stove top a, boiler, and warming oven c, and thence
to the flue past the damper 9; air inlet; t outlet for hot air to the adjoining
apartments; casters upon which the apparatus may be supported and moved if
desired (see Figures 4 to 7). The passage of the smoke is indicated by the arrows in
full line and that of the hot air and ambient air by the arrows in dotted line. The
products of combustion pass beneath the top plate a, around the roasting oven b,
along one side of the bain marie d, theu down to and under the warming oven c,
as indicated by the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, past the damper g, to the chimney.
If it is desired to increase the heat, the damper g is opened when the smoke passes
through 1, 2, and only partly through 3; the ambient air circulates as shewn by the
dotted arrows, around the smoke flues 1 to 7, and passes out in a heated condition
through the damper a¹ (Figure 4) to the adjoining compartment. (Figures 6 and 8)
is a damper for admitting hot air beneath the grate i to increase the combustion.
j (Figure 10) furnace movable on angle iron guides or on rollers, in the case of
large kitcheners. The furnace consists of an iron tray lined with fire bricks and the
furnace door is arranged so as to enable it to be readily slid in and out and supplied
with fuel. The furnace is provided with a sliding grate i to facilitate cleaning and
separating the ashes by shaking it over the ash-tray u (Figure 7) which latter can be
readily removed. at door
Figures 13, 14, and 19, shew the furnace or destructor for burning waste materials,

page_text: applied to a hot air stove at one side thereof.
The water from the waste materials
may be discharged by means of a vertical pipe j communicating with any suitable
outlet, as shewn in Figures 15, 16, and 21. In Figure 18, the destructor is shewn
applied to an ordinary kitchener; in Figure 20 as applied to a Russian stove; and in
Figure 22 as applied to a large range, in which case two destructors would be
employed placed one on each side as shewn. For large military kitchens or laundries,
two destructors would be employed placed at the back of the coppers, as shown in
Figures 23, 24, and 25. These destructors may also be combined with steam boiler
furnaces, as in Figures 26 and 27.
The destructor consists of a hopper, combined with the kitchener or range in the
various ways shewn, in which the domestic refuse is thrown for the purpose of being
dried and burnt. The destructor is placed at one side of the kitchener or furnace on a
level with the grate bars and communicates therewith by an opening k¹ (Figures 14,
15, 16,) forming a chamber in which the waste matters are dried by the heat from the
furnace the drying being still further accelerated by the double current of heated air
passing beneath the ash-pit between the double casing & of the hopper. The watery
vapors also become rapidly carried off into the furnace. The refuse, after being thus
dried, can be burnt as fuel together with the coal and thus reduce the consumption.
The details of construction of the hopper and its connections may be varied, to suit the
nature of the application.
For burning street refuse, the destructor would be combined with a steam boiler
furnace, as above described. The destructors may be provided with outlet pipes j¹ for
the water contained in the matters to be burnt or it may be run off into reservoirs
provided for the purpose underground. The pipes may be protected from the frost by
enclosing them in a packing of non-conducting material, but this would only be
necessary as a protection from extreme cold as these liquids always retain a certain
heat. Ürine should not be poured down the outlet pipe, on account of its odor, owing
to the vapors from the residues being forced to traverse the flame in the furnace. The
air in its traverse becomes deprived of all smell, and the destructor being hermetically
closed there is no possibility of any smell escaping into the kitchen or other
apartment.
When the destructor is to be combined with a boiler furnace or hot air stove, etc.,
the chamber receiving the refuse is preferably inclined, as in Figures 23, 26, and 27,
and provided with a grated bottom to which a rocking motion may be imparted for
the purpose of freeing it of any dirt or cinders which might be contained in the refuse.
In Figures 16 to 27, el is the hopper and the cover; g¹ channel through which the
heat from the fire enters the hopper for drying the refuse; fire bars; (Figures 15
and 16) perforated false bottom for running off water contained in the refuse, through
pipe (Figures 23, 26, and 27) intermediate grate for apparatus of large
dimensions.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is ;
1. The combination, with the fireplace of a cooking or warming stove, boiler, or
other furnace, of a destructor communicating therewith for burning moist or dry
refuse and consisting of a hopper with air tight cover, drying chamber, and flue
conducting the hot gases from the fire over the residues to be dried, substantially as
herein specified.
2. A heating stove having connected with its fireplace a chamber k¹ for drying
refuse introduced by a hopper having one or more casings kand a perforated bottom
and drain pipe j¹, as described with reference to Figures 15 and 16..
3. The combination, with the fireplace of a beating or other stove or boiler, of an
apparatus for drying and burning refuse which is gradually fed into the furnace by
the inclined surface of the drying chamber ¹ with intermediate grate k³, as herein
described with reference to Figures 23 and 27 of the drawings.

page_text: 4. The herein described cooking stove or kitchener combined with a destructor for
burning refuse as herein described and provided with a non-conducting cover for the
heating apertures, a bain maric, a roasting oven, and a plate warmer, each surrounded
by flues for the circulation of hot gases, substantially as herein described with reference
to, and as illustrated in, Figures 1 to 12 of the drawings.
Dated this 1st day of m
C.
LESCHEWITSCH.
By A. M. & Wm. Clark,
53, Chancery Lane, London, Patent Agents.
C. LESCHEWITSCH.
By A. M. & Wm. Clark,
53, Chancery Lane, London, Patent Agents.