CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN RAISING, LOWERING, OR CONVEYING HEATED WATER OR OTHER FLUIDS TO VARIOUS DISTANCES
Year: 1829

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
WEEKS, of King's Road, Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex, Horticultural
Builder, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth
did, by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing
date at Westminster, the Fourteenth day of August, in the tenth year of His
reign, give and grant unto ine, the said Edward Weeks, His especial licence
that I, the said Edward Weeks, my executors, administrators, and assigns, and
such others as I, the said Edward Weeks, mye xecutors, administrators, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times during the terms therein mentioned, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN RAISING, LOWERING,
OR CONVEYING HEATED WATER OR OTHER FLUIDS TO VARIOUS DISTANCES;" in which
said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said Edward Weeks,
shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the
same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Edward Weeks, do hereby declare that my Invention is fully described and

page_text: 1
ascertained by the following description thereof reference being had to the
Drawing annexed (that is to say)
First, in the application of a cistern to the boiler, whereby a more free
circulation of water or other hot fluide will be obtained.
Secondly, in a means of raising at pleasure heated water or other fluids
from ono height to another without increasing the pressure on the boiler by
the increased height of the column, and without the aid of syphonic action.
Thirdly, in the application of double pipes, that is, one placed within the
other, whereby the heated water or other fluid is made to pass along one and
back through the other.
And, fourthly, in quickly effecting a circulation of heated fluid by means of
small circulating pipes in addition to the main circulating pipes.
In order that my Invention may more clearly be understood and carried
into effect, I will now describe the Drawing hereunto annexed, which repre-
sents an apparatus applicable to the heating of a greenhouse constructed
according to my improvements. Figure 1 represents an elevation (partly in
section), and. Figure 2 a plan of such apparatus; and in each of which
Figures. the same letters of reference indicate similar parts. I would here
observe, that the principle of circulating' heated fluids through-pipes 'for the
purpose of heating buildings is not new, but has been applied. by me and
others for soine years, I therefore lay no claim to 'the same, but only claim
as my Invention the improvements herein-after to be "niore particularly
described, for the applying the said principle in a manner more effective, and
whereby the heat of such building will be more capable of being regulated to
suit the variation of temperature of the outward atmosphere. In 'the Drawing
a represents the boiler, which is shewn in section, whereby-its construction
will be readily understood; but I would observe that other formed 'boilers
may be used.
6 is a cistern placed at the top of the boiler, the use of which
will be more particularly described hereafter; c; a 'trench or pipe. connected
to the boiler, and passing up into the cistern, and through which 'pipe c the
heated fluid rises direct to the trough d' without 'mixing with the water
contained in the cistern, and thus the hofter particles of the fluid rise directly
from contact with the fire to circulate through the pipes e'and-f, and then
after having given off a great part of the heat returns" into the cistern' which
contains, the colder particles of the fluid, and thence the "boiler is supplied
through the descending pipe, through which the colder fluid contained in the
cistern continues to descend as the hotter particles rise to the trough,. and
thus will a free circulation be kept up: The circulating pipe e being made
flat causes the heated fluid to spread over a large surface, and quickly gives

page_text: off its accumulated heat, and then returns through the return pipe back
into the boiler. This.pipe e may be curved, or it may be cylindrical, similar
to the pipe f, but I prefer flat pipes, thereby obtaining the greatest possible
benefit by, the spreading a small quantity of fluid over a large surface,. and I
recommend pipes from one to three or more feet broad and from one to two
inches, deep, which must necessarily be adapted to suit the circumstances. to
which they are to be applied.
:
My second improvement, by which heated fluids are raised from one height
to another without encreasing, the pressure, on the boiler, is shewn in the
Drawing at the parts marked A and B. 9, 9, are closed vessels from which
ascend the pipes h, h, and i, i, those marked h, h, being. the pipes up which
the heated fluid passes, and, those, marked i, i, are the pipes by which it
returns to the bottom of the vessels 9, 9; after having circulated through tho
farther pipes j, k, and thus the fluids contained in the vessels 9, 9, being
heated by the surrounding fluid and by the hotter particles continuing to rise
up the pipes. h, h, the circulation of the fluid contained in the vessels g. 95. and
the pipes h, h, i, i, and j, k, will be effected as indicated by the arrows, and, by
this means heated fluids may be raised at pleasure from one height to another
without increasing the pressure on, the boiler, which may consequently be
made much lighter, and may even be open to the atmosphere, but I usually
place over a moveable cover. It is evident that this improvement may be
disconnected from the other part of the apparatus when so great a surface as
the whole is not required to produce the necessary degree of heat, and this
may be done by turning the cocks, and thus prevent the circulation in the
pipes h, h, i, i, and j, k. The part marked B is shewn for the purpose of
explaining how this improvement may be placed in any, part of the apparatus,
for the closed vessel g.may, be placed in a reservoir formed in the pipe e, and
the fluid in the vessel g is heated by the heated fluid which circulates through
the pipe e and thus may a greater heat be applied in any part of, the
apartment. And in forcing. houses this improvement, will be very useful in
conveying a greater degree of heat to the roots of particular plants requiring
such additional heat, which plants in some instances are necessarily placed a
height above the principal apparatus. Now it will be evident from the above
description that this my, second improvement may be applied to the apparatus
which have heretofore been used, as it will only be necessary to place the
closed vessels 9, 9, so. as to receive heat from the heated fluid. which is
contained in the closed boilers or pipes heretofore-used. And I would further
observe, that by the application of this improvement any number of apart-
ments may be heated by one fire, and any one or more of such apartments

page_text: may be heated without heating the rest. Thus, supposing the pipes h, i, -to
ascend into a second apartment, by stopping the pipes e, f, with plugs, the
circulation would be stopped therein, and only carried on in the upper apartment
by means of the pipes h, i, j, and k; and if a further apartment required to be
heated, then it will only be necessary to place a close vessel similar to g
within the cistern p, and by having pipes similar to h, i, ascending from such
closed vessel, the fluid contained therein will be heated and made to ascend
and heat such further apartment in the same manner as above described...
in
any
The part B is also shown for the purpose of explaining the nature of my
third improvement, which consists in placing one pipe or tube within another,
and in this instance the heated fluid rises up through the outer pipe h, and
descends through the inner pipe i. And I would observe, that although
this improvement is shown perpendicular, it may be placed horizontal, cr
other position, and may be applied as the principal circulating pipe.
My fourth improvement is particularly applicable in quickly obtaining a
circulation, either in commencing the heating of a building, or when circulation
has been stopped by the going out of the fire, and which I accomplish by
means of small circulating pipes and m, and by shutting off the connections
n and o of the return pipef by plugs the fluid contained in this pipe will
not be acted on by the fire, consequently the fire having but a small quantity
of fluid exposed to its action, will cause such fluid quickly to circulate through
the main or principal pipe e, which will be considerably quickened by means
of the small pipe l, which being placed above so as to take up the hottest part
of the fluid, that part having to displace but a small quantity, will arrive
quickly to the cistern at the other end, and thus assist the circulation in the
main pipe e; and when a considerable heat is acquired the pipe m may be
plugged at its connections q, and the plugs removed from the return pipe f.
It is only necessary further to add, that in order to set the apparatus to work
the whole must be filled with water or other fluid, a fire lighted under the
boiler, and the circulation will take place. I have constructed the above-
described apparatus of cast iron, but it may be made of wrought iron or other
material.
Now, I would have it understood that what I claim as my Invention is,―.
First, the application of a cistern to a boiler when used for the purpose
above described, whereby a free circulation is kept up, and whereby the hotter
particles of the fluids are directed immediately to the main circulating pipe
without mixing with the colder particles which is contained in the cistern.
Secondly, the improvement described at A and B, whereby fluids are made
to rise and circulate from one height to another.without increasing the