IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF ALIZARINE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF DIFFERENT COLOURS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Félix de Lalande, of Rue d'Enfer, No. 22, at
Paris, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
TREATMENT OF ALIZARINE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF DIFFERENT COLOURS OR
Sealed the 12th January 1875, and dated the 18th August 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Felix de Lalande
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 18th August 1874.
I, FÉLIX DE LALANDE, of Rue d'Enfer, No. 22, at Paris, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF ALIZARINE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF
DIFFERENT COLOURS OR HUES THEREFROM IN DYEING AND PRINTING," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in treating alizarine with various oxydizing
in order to obtain therefrom colours or hues in dyeing or
amente

page_text: printing, differing from those obtained from alizarine without such
treatment.
For this purpose according to one method I mix together 100 parts
of dried and pulverized alizarine, from 50 to 100 parts of dried arsenic
acid, and from 800 to 1000 parts of sulphuric acid at 66° Beaumé.
This compound is heated gradually to from 248° to 302° Fahr. under
continual stirring, until a drop thereof added to dilute caustic soda
produces a currant-red colour, whereupon the compound is mixed with
a quantity of water equal to from 20 to 30 times the volume of the
mass. This is then boiled, and after cooling, is filtered, and the residue
is washed in water, and may then be used directly as colouring matter
or it may be previously purified..
According to another method I substitute for the arsenic acid in the
above compound the same quantity of antimonic acid; in this case the
temperature may be raised to from 392° to 428° Fahr.; the mode of
operating is otherwise the same as above described.
According to another method I substitute for the arsenic acid in the
first-described compound the same quantity of peroxide of manganese.
The reaction may in this case take place either without application of
heat, or at a temperature of from 248° to 302° Fahr., according as the
peroxide of manganese is in a compact or in a more or less divided
condition. The mode of operating is otherwise the same as above
describeḍ.
According to another method I substitute for the arsenic acid in the
first-described compound the same quantity of stannic acid; in this case
the temperature is maintained at from 300° to 390° Fahr. The mode of
operating is otherwise the same as above described.
The substance obtained by the four above-described methods contains
purpurine, one of the colouring matters of madder.
According to another method I take the most concentrated fuming
nitric acid, which I refrigerate by means of ice, and I add thereto little
by little about the tenth part of its weight of dried and pulverized
alizarine, taking care that the temperature does not rise above 40° to
50° Fahr. After a few minutes I pour the mass into a large quantity of
cold water; the precipitate is collected and washed and affords a
colouring matter which with mordants of aluminate gives orange-yellow

page_text: hues. It is not altered by boiling with alkaline solutions, from which
it can be re-precipitated by means of acids.
According to another method I treat the alizarine, when suspended
in cold or hot water, with bichromate of potash, or peroxide of lead,
or nitrate of copper, or mercurous nitrate, or mecuric nitrate, or per-
chloride of iron in solution at 50° Beaumé, or sulphate of peroxide of
iron, or nitrate of peroxide of iron, taking a quantity of either of these
substances equal to from once to twice the weight of the alizarine
employed.
If the reaction does not take place at boiling point, I subject the
compound to a temperature of from 300° to 480° Fahr. in closed pressure
resisting vessels.
According to another method I mix together from 100 to 200 parts of
alizarine paste (containing about 10 per cent: of dry alizarine) with 10
parts of sulphate of copper, 2 parts of chlorate of potash, and from 100
to 200 parts of siliceous sand. The paste thus obtained is exposed for
several days in flat dishes, and under frequent stirring to a temperature
of from 86° to 140° Fahr. in a vapour stove.
The operation being completed the compound is treated with water in
order to remove the soluble salts, and the colouring matter is extracted
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Felix de Lalande in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 26th January 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FELIX
DE LALANDE, of Ruc d'Enfer, No. 22, at Paris, Civil Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Felix de Lalande, Her special license
that I, the said Felix de Lalande; my executors, administrators,

page_text: and assigns, or such others as I, the said Felix de Lalande, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF ALIZARINE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF DIFFERENT
COLOURS OR HUES THEREFROM IN DYEING AND PRINTING," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Felix de Lalande, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Felix de Lalande, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:
-
My Invention consists in treating alizarine with various oxidising a
agents, in order to obtain therefrom colours or hues in dyeing and
printing, differing from those obtained from alizarine without such
treatment.
For this purpose, according to one method, I mix together 100 parts
of dried and pulverised alizarine, from 50 to 100 parts of dried arsenic
acid, and from 800 to 1000 parts of sulphuric acid at 66° Beaumé.
This compound is heated gradually to from 248° to 302° Fahr. under
continued stirring until a drop thereof, added to dilute caustic soda,
produces a currant-red colour, whereupon the compound is mixed with
a quantity of water equal to from 20 to 30 times the volume of the mass.
This is then boiled, and after cooling, is filtered, and the residue is
washed in water and may then be used directly as colouring matter, or
it may be previously purified.
According to another method I substitute for the arsenic acid in the
above compound the same quantity of antimonic acid; in this case the a
temperature may be raised to from 392° to 428° Fahr. The mode of
operating is otherwise the same as above described.

page_text: According to another method I substitute for the arsenic acid in the
first-described compound the same quantity of peroxide of manganese.
The reaction may in this case take place either without application of
heat or at a temperature of from 248° to 302° Fahr., according as the
peroxide of manganese is in a compact or in a more or less divided
condition. The mode of operating is otherwise the same as above
described.
According to another method I substitute for the arsenic acid in the
first-described compound the same quantity of stannic acid; in this case
the temperature is maintained at from 302° to 390° Fahr. The mode of
operating is otherwise the same as above described.
The substance obtained by the four above-described methods contains
purpurine, one of the colouring matters of madder.
According to another method I take the most concentrated fuming
nitric acid, which I refrigerate by means of ice, and I add thereto, little
by little, about the tenth part of its weight of dried and pulverised
alizarine, taking care that the temperature does not rise above 40° to
50° Fahr. After a few minutes I pour the mass into a large quantity
of cold water; the precipitate is collected and washed and affords a
colouring matter, which with mordants of aluminite gives orange-yellow.
hues. It is not altered by boiling with alkaline solutions, from which it
can be re-precipitated by means of acids.
According to another method I treat the alizarine, when suspended in
cold or hot water, with bi-chromate of potash, or peroxide of lead, or
nitrate of copper, or mercurous nitrate, or mercuric nitrate, or per-
chloride of iron in solution at 50° Beaumé, or sulphate or nitrate of
peroxide of iron, taking a quantity of either of these substances equal
to from once to twice the weight of the alizarine employed.
If the reaction does not take place at boiling point, I subject the
compound to a temperature of from 300° to 480° Fahr. in closed pressure
resisting vessels.
According to another method I mix together from 100 to 200 parts of
alizarine paste (containing about 10 per cent. of dry alizarine) with 10
parts of sulphate of copper, 2 of chlorate of potash, and from 100 to
200 parts of siliceous sand. The paste thus obtained is exposed in flat

page_text: dishes, and under frequent stirring for several days to a temperature of
from 86° to 140° Fahr. in a vapour stove.
The operation being completed the compound is treated with water in
order to remove the soluble salts, and the colouring matter is extracted
by means of caustic soda and precipitated by an acid.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I claim, the herein-before described
methods of treating alizarine by means of oxidising agents in order to
obtain a product giving colours or hues in dyeing and printing, differing
from those obtained from alizarine.
In witness whereof, I, the said Felix de Lalande, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of January,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.
Witness,
JULES ARMENGAUD,
Civil Engineer,
Paris.
F. DE LALANDE. (L.S.)