IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINE GOVERNORS
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John Haddan, of Kensington, Middlesex, for an
invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINE GOVERNORS." A. communi-
cation from abroad by Frank Harvey Ball, of Erie, Pennsylvania, United
States.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Herbert John Haddan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th July 1882.
"
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex, "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM ENGINE GOVERNORS A communication from abroad by Frank Harvey
Ball, of Erie, Pennsylvania, United States.
Figure 1 is a perspective view of the governor upon the main shaft of the
engine. Figure 2 is a side view of the same taken from the opposite side from
that seen in Figure 1. Figure 3 is a vertical section on the line xx in figure 2
looking toward the left. Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 are detached views of the
parts indicated by the letters of reference thereon and show details of construction.
The full line arrows in the drawings show the forward motion of the engine and
the centrifugal movement of the balls or weights. The dotted line arrows show
the direction of resistance of the load and the effect of the same as to direction of
movement upon the parts of the governing mechanism, videlicet the valve gear-
balls &c. The construction and operation is as follows, the various parts being
referred to by the letters of reference marked thereon. Upon the shaft of the
engine, A, is keyed a crosshead or frame B, which has a hub or sleeve B¹. C, is
the main drive wheel or belt pulley of the engine and it is mounted loosely upon
the sleeve B'. of the crosshead and is kept in place thereon by a collar c.
collar on the shaft for the purpose of forming an extension of the hub of the
crosshead in the opposite direction from the sleeve B¹. In place of being a collar
may be a part of the hub. Abutting against the collar B. and mounted loosely
upon the shaft is a disc D, which has on its face which is away from the cross-
head B, an eccentric D¹. and a sleeve D³. Upon the eccentric D¹. is a collar D³,
which has at one side a pin e. E is the valve moving eccentric and E¹ the valve
it
B² is a

page_text: rod yoke and E the valve rod. The pin e on the yoke or collar D³ enters a hole c'
in the eccentric E. The eccentric E has an elongated opening for the passage of
the shaft and as this eccentric is suspended by a rod E3. from a pin E. on the cross
arm B. it can swing like a pendulum across the shaft, and thereby so change its
position as to affect the steam supply without in any way affecting the lead of the
valve. This eccentric is moved in this manner whenever the yoke D³. is moved
(by reason of its being connected therewith by the pin e) and such a movement
takes place whenever the disk D is rotated upon the shaft, (perhaps I should say
oscellated in place of rotated for such is the degree of movement of the disk). If
the governor is to operate upon an independent cut-off valve, the valve rod yoke E¹.
may be upon the eccentric D¹ and the eccentric E, Arm E³., yoke D³, and pin e
may be dispensed with for they are necessary only when the governor is used to
operate the main steam valve. The movement of the disk D, upon the shaft is
effected by the following mechanism. The weights or balls F. F. are suspended
by the arms F. F. from the disk D, on pivot pins G and by link f f to the Rim
of the wheel C, and their movement outward or inward by the increase or
diminution of the speed of the engine will cause a movement of the disk upon the
shaft. Such outward movement of the balls is opposed by the load of the engine by
reason of the following devices. Levers F³. F³. are fulcrumed upon the cross arm B
at its ends upon the pins E., E, and links F2, F2, and F., F., connect the ends of
the levers F³. F. respectively to the disk D, and the driving wheel C, and bearing
in mind the fact that the said wheel C is loose upon the shaft it will be seen that
the centrifugal movement of the balls is opposed by the load of the engine. The
centrifugal movement of the balls is also opposed by the springs S S which connect
the weight end of the levers F3. F3 with the wheel C. It will therefore be seen
that the resistance of the load and also the resistance of the springs S S is carried
by the centrifugal force of the weights and consequently any change in the load
is immediately felt by the weights and their position instantly changes in con-
sequence of this change of resistance without waiting for any change in the speed.
For instance if the load is increased, more force is exerted in the direction of the
dotted arrows and the balls are pulled down (or in) against the speed force which
is holding them up (or out) and the valve is affected without changing the speed
and the proper steam supply is obtained before any change in the speed can occur
and hence the engine will run at a uniform speed no matter what change occurs in
the load. I have found this to be the case by actual and severe tests. I have
also found by these tests that by connecting the links F F with the levers F³ F³
at points further removed from the fulcrum than is shown in figure 2, that an
increased speed can be obtained when an increase of load occurs, and vice versa.
If the drive wheel C should be made fast to the sleeve B¹, or to the shaft, the
governor will operate like or in a similar manner to a centrifugal governor, but for
such a governor the outer ends of the levers F³ and the links F* must be omitted
or disconnected, and in fact the levers Fs may be wholly omitted and the springs
SS be connected to the links F2 or directly to the disc D. The essential parts of
such a governor are the wheel C or the frame B made fixed upon the shaft, the
disk D, and eccentric D¹, the yoke D³, pin e, eccentric E, pin hole e¹, and suspending
bar E³, and if used on an independent cut-off valve the eccentric E, and hanger E³
may be omitted as has been heretofore explained. This governing apparatus as
shown in the drawing may be used upon some other shaft than the main engine
shaft if proper connection is made with the valve. The centrifugal balls need not
necessarily be upon the same shaft as the drive wheel for gearing may be arranged
to conduct the two at a distance. The essential feature of the device is that the
load of the engine shall be exerted against the centrifugal force of the balls or
other centrifugal device. In cases where the main shaft of the engine is also the
main shaft of the machinery operated, as for instance in operating the screw or
paddle wheels of a steam boat the device would be applied by dividing said shaft
and putting the cross arm B on one part and the drive wheel upon the other part.
It will therefore be seen that I do not wish to be limited to the exact construction

page_text: CLAIMS:
1st. In the governing apparatus of a steam-engine the combination substantially
as shown of the following elements; a centrifugal governing device mounted upon
the main shaft and having its frame firmly attached thereto; a drive wheel
mounted loosely upon said shaft and connected therewith so as to receive its
motion therefrom by being flexibly connected with said governor frame, and finally
a valve-moving eccentric mounted to move upon said shaft and geared to be so
moved both by the flexible movement of said drive wheel and the centrifugal
movement of said governing device.
2nd. In the governing apparatus of a steam engine the combination, substantially
as described, of the following elements. A centrifugal governing device connected
with or receiving its motion from the main shaft of the engine, and geared to
operate upon the steam supply valve, and a drive wheel or driving shaft which is
connected to the main shaft or receives its motion therefrom by being connected
with said centrifugal governing device, whereby the resistance of the load acts
against or opposes the centrifugal force of the said centrifugal governing device
for the purpose mentioned.
3rd. In the governing apparatus of a steam engine the combination, substantially
as shown, of the following elements. A centrifugal governing device mounted
upon the main shaft and operating concentrically therewith and a drive wheel
mounted to move concentrically with said main shaft and connected therewith so
as to receive its motion therefrom by being connected with the centrifugal moving
parts of said governing device in a manner substantially as shown, whereby the
resistance of the load opposes the centrifugal movement of the balls of the said
governing device for the purpose named.
4th. The combination, substantially as shown in the governing apparatus of a
steam engine of the following elements upon the main shaft of said engine. A
frame or cross-head B keyed upon said shaft, a disk D having an eccentric D¹
mounted loosely on said shaft; centrifugal balls F F connected by their arms F' F'
to said disk; a drive wheel C mounted loosely on said shaft and finally the bars
ff F F F F levers F3 F3 and the springs S S are ranged in connection with
said cross-head, disk and drive-wheel, substantially as and for the purposes
mentioned.
5th. In a steam engine governing device the combination with a frame fixed
upon the main shaft of the disk D, with eccentric D', centrifugal balls F, connected
by arms to said disk and adapted substantially as shown to move said disk upon
the shaft; a yoke D. upon said eccentric D¹. an eccentric E having an elongated
shaft-opening and connected to said yoke D³ substantially as shown; a pendant E³,
for suspending said eccentric E from the frame and finally, springs S S for opposing
the centrifugal moving of the said balls F F all substantially as and for the purpose
mentioned.
In witness whereof I the said Herbert John Haddan, have hereunto set my
hand and seal this twentieth day of July AD 1882