Improvements in the Method and Means of Making Printing Surfaces and particularly Graduated Printing Surfaces, suitable fo Planographic, Relief, Intaglio, or other Printing.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Nov., 1899-Accepted, 3rd Mar., 1900
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method and Means of Making Printing Surfaces
and particularly Graduated Printing Surfaces, suitable fo
Planographic, Relief, Intaglio, or other Printing.
I, HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert Haddan & Co., of 18,
Buckingham Street, Strand, W.C., London, Consulting Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention, a communication to me from abroad by The
American Lithographic Company, of New York, United States of America, and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to a new and useful improvement in the art of making
printing surfaces, and particularly graduated printing surfaces, suitable for plano-
graphic, relief, intaglio or other printing. It also relates to mechanism designed
and adapted to be employed in carrying out the said process in a convenient, effi-
cient and economical manner.
The invention is especially valuable for making multicolor prints.
By a graduated printing surface is meant one that is adapted to print an im-
pression in which the ink will be distributed in graduated quantities for light and
shade effects, depth of color, etc.
The invention especially seeks to make a printing surface which will have its
design located thereon in a precise predetermined position and with reference to
the use of such printing surface in conjunction with other printing surfaces in
printing registering impressions so as to avoid the laborious and painstaking ad-
justment of these printing surfaces in a press, which has heretofore been necessary
to enable printing surfaces to print in accurate register. The invention also seeks
to make duplicate printing surfaces having identical designs identically located
thereon, these surfaces being preferably identical in form, so that the duplicate
printing surfaces may be interchanged in the same printing press.
The printing surfaces produced in accordance with this invention may be flat.
curved, cylindrical or of other convenient form, but they are preferably cylindrical
so as to be capable of use in a rotary printing press. The printing surfaces may
be made of stone, aluminum, zinc, or any other convenient material.
In carrying out the invention a permanent printing surface capable of printing
a design, is first made which, for the purpose of this specification, will be herein
termed the primary surface or the primary printing surface. The primary surface
is then brought into a precise predetermined coöperating relation with a surface
herein called a secondary surface and which is adapted to be made into a printing
surface. Guiding means are employed in bringing the primary and secondary sur-
faces into the exact relation required, and the design of the primary surface is then
imparted to the secondary surface so as to be located on the secondary surface in
the required precise predetermined position.
'
In imparting the design of the primary surface to the secondary surface, these
two surfaces may be brought directly into contact with each other, or the primary
which
surface may be first brought into contact with a conveying surface upon
the design is thereby printed, the conveying surface being then brought into

page_text: contact with the secondary surface to which latter surface the design is thereby
imparted. In both cases, however, guiding means will be employed whereby the
co-acting surfaces will be brought into a precise predetermined relation, both longi-
tudinally and circumferentially, before beginning their coöperating contact. In
the case of curved or cylindrical surfaces, the guiding means will ensure that the
peripheries of the co-acting surfaces are brought together circumferentially
in the exact position required. After the secondary surface has received
its design, it is then developed so as to be capable of printing, and becomes
what is herein termed the secondary printing surface. The secondary surface
may be developed so as to be a planographic, relief or intaglio printing sur-
face, and the process of developing it will generally include etching. In this
way duplicate printing surfaces may be made having identical designs identically
placed thereon, and which may be interchangeable in a printing press, and these
printing surfaces may be mounted in the printing press and made to print
immediately in accurate automatic register and without the laborious and pains-
taking adjustment heretofore required.
is
The process is best carried out by the aid of mechanism specially designed for
the purpose and constituting a part of this invention. This mechanism may vary
widely in form and arrangement. In Figures 1 to 19 inclusive a complete
machine is illustrated adapted to carry out the process. Another machine of
modified construction included within the invention, is also shown in the drawings.
Figures 1 and 2 are opposite side elevations of the main machine. Figure
a sectional elevation on the line A-A of Fig. 5. Figure 4 is a broken plan view.
Figure 5 is a sectional elevation on the line B-B of Fig. 2. Figures 6, 7 and Sare
respectively outer, inner and sectional views of certain details. Figures 9 and 10
are respectively a broken plan and a broken vertical section of the supporting
cylinder for the conveying surface. Figures 11 and 12 are respectively end and
central sectional elevations of said supporting cylinder. Figures 13, 14, 15 and 16
are diagrammatic views of the said supporting cylinder and secondary surface
showing different stages in the operation of imparting the design from the con-
veying surface to the secondary surface. Figures 17, 18 and 19 are end views of
said supporting cylinder showing the different stages in the operation of spreading
a sheet of transfer paper on said supporting cylinder. Figures 20, 21 and 22 are
sectional views showing diagrammatically the coöperating surfaces in the machines
of modified arrangement. Figure 23 is an end elevation partly in section of a
machine in which the primary and secondary surfaces are brought into direct
contact in accordance with Fig. 20.
1 is the primary surface, cylindrical in form and preferably continuous and
removable from its supporting cylinder 2, which is secured on the shaft 3 turning
in boxes 4. This primary surface is suitably developed and when inked is ready to
print the design which it is desired to carry over and impart to the cylindrical
secondary surface 5 on the support 6 secured on the shaft 7, which turns in the
boxes 8. The secondary surface 5 is also preferably continuous and removable
from its support, as shown in Fig. 3. 9 is a shaft turning in boxes 10, see Figs. 7
and 8, and carrying the loose mounted drum or support 11 for the conveying sur-
face 12 adapted to receive an imprint from the primary surface 1 and carry it over
or impart it to the secondary surface 5. The inking frame 13, carrying the inking
rollers for the primary surface 1, is fixed on the shaft 15, so as to be swung thereby
to and from the primary surface. On the opposite side of the machine and fixed
on the shaft 16 is the inking frame 17, carrying the inking rollers for the secon-
dary surface 5. The frames 14 and 18 for the damping rollers for the respective
printing surfaces are loosely mounted on the shafts 15 and 16, respectively, so as
to turn thereon when moved to and from their printing surfaces, as will hereafter
more fully appear. The inking and damping frames and rollers for the primary
and secondary surfaces 1 and 5, are similar and similarly mounted and actuated.
Their details will be described later on.

page_text: The main driving shaft 19 of the machine is actuated from any suitable source
of power, as the electric motor 20, and carries the fixed gear 21, which meshes
with the gear 22 fixed on the shaft 23; which may be called the power distributing
shaft because the power for driving the primary and secondary and conveying
surfaces and inking and damping rollers is derived from this shaft 23. For the.
purpose of this distribution of power the shaft 23 is provided with suitable
clutches 24 and 25. The clutches 24 and 25 are operated respectively by the
clutch shafts 27 and 28, provided with hand levers 29 and 30. The clutches 24
and 25 make fixed and loose the gears 31 and 32 respectively, on the shaft 23.
The shaft 23 is carried in brackets 26, fixed on the main frame; see Fig. 2. The
gears 31 and 32 mesh respectively with the gears 33 and 34, fixed on the short
shafts 35 and 36, supported by the main frame and the brackets 37 and 38
respectively. The shaft 36 has fixed thereon gears 39 and 40, the former meshing
with gear 41, which is loose on the shaft 16 and meshes with idle gear 42, mesh-
ing with gear 43 fixed on the shaft 7, which carries the secondary surface 5. The
gear 40 meshes with gear 44, secured to the main ink-distributing cylinder 45,
which is sleeved to rotate on the shaft 16. The short shaft 35 on the opposite
end of the machine from shaft 36 has fixed thereon the gears 46 and 47. The
gear 46 meshes with the gear 48, which is loose on the shaft 15, and meshes with
the idle gear 49, which meshes with the gear 50 fixed on the shaft 3, which car-
ries the primary surface 1. The gear 47 meshes with the gear 51, which is secured
to the main inking cylinder 52, sleeved to rotate on the shaft 15. It will thus be
seen that, by operating the clutch 25 to lock the gear 32 on the shaft 23, the
secondary surface is driven through the train of gears 32, 34, 39, 41, 42 and 43;
and that the inking cylinder 45 is likewise driven through the train of gears 32,
34, 40 and 44. It will likewise be seen that, by operating the clutch 24 to lock
the gear 22 on the shaft 23 the primary surface is driven. through the train of
gearing 31, 33, 46, 48, 49 and 50; and that the inking cylinder 52 is driven
through the train of gears 31, 33, 47 and 51. The inking roller 53 carries a
gear 54 which meshes with the gear 44 and with a gear on the reciprocating ink-
ing roller 55 which supplies the form inking rollers 56 and 57. An idle gear 58
on the frame 18 meshes with the gear 44 and with a gear on the damping roller 59
which supplies the form damping rollers 60 and 61. Thus it will appear that
these inking and damping rollers are driven with the secondary surface 5 to
supply that surface with ink and water as may be required in developing said
surface into a printing surface.
On the opposite side of the machine the inking and dampning rollers are
similarly arranged and geared. The ink distributing roller 62 carries a gear 63
which meshes with the gear 51 and with a gear on the reciprocating inking
roller 64 which supplies the rollers 65 and 66. An idle gear 67 on the frame 14
meshes with the gear 51 and with a gear on the water roller 68 which supplies
water to the rollers 69 and 70. The inking and dampning rollers for the primary
surface are for the purpose of supplying that surface with ink and water so that
it may print the design thereof as required. When the inking and dampning
rollers are not required they are swung back from their printing surfaces, but
these surfaces may still be driven by the idle gears 42 and 49. The inking
frames 13 and 17 are swung back by the worm shafts 71 and 72 respectively,
having the hand wheels 73 and 74. These worm shafts actuate the worm
wheels 75 and 76 fixed on the shafts 15 and 16, on which the inking frames are
respectively fixed. The dampening frames 14 and 18, carrying their water rollers,
are swung back from their printing surfaces, when not required, by the crank
shafts 77 and 78 carrying respectively the cranks 79 and 80, connected with their
frames by links 81 and 82. The crank shafts are driven by the gears 83 and 84
fixed thereon and actuated respectively by gears 85 and 86 operated by the hand
wheels 87 and 88. The boxes 4 for the shaft 3 are adjusted vertically in their re-
cesses in the main frame by the lower screws 89 and the upper screws 90, the
latter working through arms 91 pivoted on the main frame so that they may be

page_text: swung aside when the boxes are to be lifted from place. For the purpose of lateral
adjustment eccentrics 92 in the boxes 4 are provided in which the shaft 3 rotates.
By turning the eccentrics the shaft with its printing surface is moved laterally.
Vertical adjustment may also be obtained by these eccentrics. They have slots 9:3
and bolts 94 to lock the eccentrics in their adjusted positions. The boxes 8 of
the shaft 7 are similarly provided with adjusting means. In order that the sup-
ports or cylinders and 6 may be lifted from place in the machine or lowered
into position, pairs of lifting arms for each cylinder 2 and 6 are provided. The
lifting arms 96 for the cylinder 2 are provided with forks 97 at their upper ends
to engage and support the shaft 3 and at their lower ends are provided with
racks 98. The lifting arms 99 for the cylinder 6 are similarly constructed and
arranged. The shaft 19 is provided with the loose worms 100 and 101, adapted
to be locked thereon by means of the clutches 102 and 103, operated by the
levers 104 and 105, respectively. These worms 100 and 101 engage worm gears 106
and 107 on the shafts 108 and 109, respectively, which carry two gears, 110, and
two gears 111. The gears 110 mesh with the racks of the arms 96 and the
gears 111 mesh with the racks of the arms 99. By these means the lifting arms
are hoisted and lowered to facilitate the lowering of the cylinders 2 and 6 to
place, or to facilitate the removal of these cylinders from place.
The mechanism for operating the support or cylinder 11 will now be described.
Fixed on the shaft 23 is a gear 112, meshing with the gear 113 fixed on the shaft
114, on which is mounted the loose gear 115 meshing with the gear 116 fixed to
the cylinder 11. A clutch 117, operated by the rods 118 which are actuated by
the lever 119, serves to lock the loose wheel 115 on its shaft when the cylinder 11
is to be rotated.
The mechanism whereby the cylinder 11 is moved to and from the cylinders 2
and 6 for the purpose of receiving an impression on its conveying surface 12 from
the primary surface 1, and carrying it over to the secondary surface 5 will now be
described. The boxes 10, see Figs. 6 and 7, which support the shaft 9 of the
cylinder 11, are capable of lateral movement in their recesses. Keyed on the ends
of the shaft 9 and outside the frame are the eccentrics 120, working in the verti-
cally moving boxes 121. Fast on the shaft 9 near one end is the gear wheel 122,
in mesh with which is the gear 123 on the shaft 124, turned by the hand wheel 125.
By turning the hand wheel 125 the shaft 9 is rotated and with it the eccentrics 120,
which as they turn force the boxes 10 in a lateral direction. The eccentric boxes
121 move slightly vertically in correspondence with the movement of the eccen-
trics. This mechanism is capable not only of moving the conveying surface into
contact with the primary and secondary surfaces, but also of applying to such
contact all the pressure required.
The specific construction of the support which carries the conveying surface 12,
will now be described. This support is shown in the drawings as a cylinder 11,
and provided with various accessories adopted for convenience. It will be under-
stood that this support or cylinder and its accessories may be variously modified
and still carry out the main purpose of carrying over an imprint or impression
from the primary surface to the secondary surface. Such modifications are all
within the purview of the invention. The cylinder is loosely mounted on the
shaft 9 carried by the boxes 10, which are supported by the main frame between
the primary and secondary surfaces, as already described. On the shaft 184, is
carried a roll of suitable fabric constituting the conveying surface 12 and prefer-
ably transfer paper. The shaft 184 is journaled in two extensible arms 185
provided with racks 186 telescoping with the arms 187 on the bosses 188 loose
on the shaft 9. A shaft 189 having gears 190 at both ends which mesh with the
racks 186, serves, when rotated by its hand wheel, to move the arms 185 so as
to carry the roll in and out of the recess 191 formed in the cylinder, the arms 185
being locked either in or out by the spring latch 192. The bosses 188 have gear
teeth 193 meshing with the gears 194 fixed on the shaft 195, whereby the arms 185
and 187 may, when the roll is drawn out of its recess 191, be moved around the

page_text: the recess.
periphery of the cylinder 11, so that the end of the paper may be caught by the
grippers, 196, carried by the rod 197, the grippers being operated by an arm on
which the springs 198 press. This rod carries on one end the cam 199. Fig. 17
shows the position of the arms constituting the roll carrier just after the roll has
been moved out of the recess 191, and when it is ready to be moved back to the
grippers. Fig. 18 shows the position of the carrier just after the grippers have
been made to engage the paper, and Fig. 19 shows the position of the carrier on its
way back again to the recess 191, and as the carrier is spreading the paper over
the periphery of the cylinder. Fig. 11 shows the position of the carrier when
the paper 12 has been stretched in place and the carrier has been retracted into
The roll shaft 184 has a ratchet wheel and ratchet, wliereby the
paper may be held tight on the roll and therefore taut over the cylinder. The
paper generally rests on a blanket 202 held in place by the cutter bar 203 and
the rod 204 which is provided with a ratchet wheel and pawl 205 and 206. The
cutter bar 203 carries a knife 207, which extends between two rubber lips 208.
209 are two cams pivoted at 210 on the arms 185 and carrying the cutter bar 211
having a recess to receive the knife when the two bars come together. The
paper 12 extends between the two cutter bars, see Fig. 12, and when they come
together the paper is cut. The cams are actuated to move the bar 211 against the
bar 203 by the cams 212, (see Figs. 3 and 14 to 16) fixed on the shaft 7. One of
the bosses 188 is provided with a bolt 213 which engages the circular groove 214
on the shaft 9, see Fig. 10, whereby the boss and its arm are removably held in
place on the shaft.
In the operation of the cylinder, the paper 12 is first stretched over the cylin-
der as described, and the cylinder is then moved laterally by operating the hand
wheel 125 so as to bring the gears 50 and 116 into mesh and the end of the paper
next the grippers in contact with the primary surface 1, which has been already
fully prepared or developed so as to bear the design which it is desired shall be
made upon the secondary surface. The primary surface having been properly
inked by the operation of its inking and dampening rollers actuated from the
power distributing shaft 23 and controlled by the clutch 24 as already described
and the inking and dampening frames having been swung out of the way by
operating the hand wheels 73 and 87, the primary surface is now ready to print
an impression upon the paper 12, i.e., the conveying surface. In bringing the
gears 50 and 116 into mesh, a special marked tooth of one is always entered
into a special marked recess of the other, so that the impression will be printed
upon the conveying surface in a precise predetermined position always identically
the same, and the circumferential contact of the two surfaces starting always at
precisely the same place, this for the purpose of securing accurate register in
the process of making the secondary printing surface and with reference to the
subsequent printing. The cylinders 2 and 11, having the required pressure
applied to the paper 12 and primary surface, are, now rotated from the power
distributing shaft through the shaft 114 and the gear 115 controlled by the clutch
117, the clutch 24 having been previously reversed. Thus the primary surface
prints its impression upon the paper 12 and by rolling contact. When the rota-
tion of the cylinders 11 and 2 ceases the cylinder 11 is brought into the position
shown in Fig. 13, having made a half turn, and in this position, the starting end
of the paper being opposite the cylinder 6, it is now moved over to the cylinder 6.
by reversing the hand wheel 125, and a special marked tooth and special recess
of the gears of these cylinders are intermeshed so that the cylinders may always
begin their co-action in precisely the same mutual relation. The cylinders 11
and 6, having the required pressure applied to the paper 12 and secondary surface,
are now rotated from the power distributing shaft through the shaft 114 and
gear 115, as before. As the cylinder 11 begins to rotate, the gripper cam 199
strikes the stud 215 projecting from the inner side of the main frame and releases
the paper 12 from the grippers, which adheres to the secondary surface and is

page_text: turned over thereon. The progress of this operation is shown at several stages
in Figs. 1 to 16. Just before the latter end of the paper is reached in this
operation the cutter cams 209 are struck by the cams 212 and the cutter bar 211
is driven against the cutter bar 203, the lips 208 of which yield to the pressure of
the bar 211, thereby stretching the paper over the bar 211 as knife 207 enters
the recess therein and severs the paper. The cylinder 11 is now moved back to
its initial position, the paper transfer already turned over on the secondary surface
is dampened, and removed in the usual manner. The secondary surface is now
developed and rolled up in the usual manner, the inking and dampning rollers
in the frames 17 and 18 being used in this operation, the two sets of rollers being
operated and driven by the mechanism already described. The secondary surface
has now become the secondary printing surface and is ready to be employed for
printing. Of course the secondary surface need not necessarily be developed
before removing it from the machine. It may be wholly or partly developed
afterward. In removing the secondary surface from the machine, the clutch 103
is operated to lock the worm 101 on the shaft 19, which then by its rotation hoists
the lifting arms 99, thereby lifting the shaft 7 with its boxes, the locking arms
of which have previously been thrown back. The entire cylinder 6 with its shaft
and the printing surface 5 may then be removed by any convenient means and
mounted in a printing press. Or, if desired, the tubular printing surface 5 may be
slipped from its supporting cylinder 1 and subsequently slipped onto a supporting
cylinder of a printing press adapted to receive it. It is best to remove the print-
ing surface 5 from its cylinder 6, as last referred to. Both the primary and secon-
dary surfaces and their cylinders are constructed with this end in view, the print-
ing surfaces having ribs adapted to slide in corresponding recesses on their
cylinders, as shown in Fig. 3. The tubular printing surfaces are preferably made
continuous, and may consist of a suitable base, as copper, with an electrolytically
deposited or otherwise attached zinc coating, or of a cast zinc tube or coating.
It will be evident from the above description that a printing surface may be
removed and another substituted for it in the same place, so that if it is desired
the primary printing surface may be removed, after it has printed on the con-
veying surface, and a secondary surface may be substituted for it in the same.
place and receive the impression or design on the conveying surface by being
brought into contact with it just as the primary surface was brought in contract
with it, and then rolled up and developed. Or successive secondary surfaces may
be substituted one for the other and so as to receive the same or different impres-
sions or designs from the conveying surface according as the conveying surface
has successively printed upon it the same or different impressions or designs. Or
successive primary surfaces may be substituted one for the other so as to print
successively different designs or impressions upon the conveying surface or suc-
cessive conveying surfaces which may convey each such design or impression to
successive secondary surfaces.
In Figure 20 is shown the primary and secondary surfaces as arranged to work
together in direct contact. 1 is the primary surface removably supported on
the cylinder 2 carried on the shaft 3.5 is the secondary surface removably sup-
ported on the cylinder 6 carried on shaft 7. The primary and secondary surfaces
are both provided with internal ribs which fit corresponding recesses in the
peripheries of their supporting cylinders
In Figure 21 is shown the primary surface 1 and the secondary surface 5
adapted to work in conjunction with a conveying surface 220 carried on the sup-
porting cylinder 11. This conveying surface 220 is made of rubber and remains
permanently on its support.
In Figure 22 is shown the primary and secondary surfaces working in con-
junction with a secondary surface 221 carried on the supporting cylinder 11. The
conveying surface 221 is paper which remains permanently on its support until
after it has imparted an impression to the secondary surface when it is torn off
and another strip of paper put in its place.

page_text: In Figure 23 is shown a machine constructed to operate the primary and
secondary surfaces in direct contact as shown in Fig. 20. 222 and 223 are frames
centered respectively on the shafts 224 and 225 and carrying the inking rollers for
primary and secondary surfaces. 226 and 227 are frames centered on the shafts 224
and 225 and carrying the damping rollers. Frame 223 is moved to and from
the secondary surface by wheel 228 which actuates gear wheel 229 fixed to a sleeve
of frame 223 surrounding the shaft 225. Damping frame 227 is moved to and
fro by hand wheel 230. Inking and dampning frames 222 and 220 are moved by
similar means. A pair of rack arms 231 are used to hoist cylinder 6 from place
so that the secondary surface may be removed. 232 is a similar pair of hoisting
arms for the primary surface. The cylinder 6 is loose on its shaft 7 and is moved
to and from the cylinder 2 by the hand wheel 233 which rotates the shaft 7. The
shaft carries eccentrics adapted to move the cylinder 6 to and fro without rotating
it. When the primary and secondary surfaces are brought together in the proper
predetermined position, they are rotated together through the train of mechanism
as follows. The main driving shaft 234, gears 235, 236, shaft 237, shaft 238,
gears 239, 240, 241 and 242. The gear 242 on the shaft 3 meshes with the gear 243
on the cylinder 6. A special tooth of the gear 243 is marked so as always to fit
into a special marked recess in the gear 242 when the cylinders are brought
together. In this way the primary and secondary surfaces are circumferentially
brought into an exact predetermined position with reference to register in the
subsequent printing. The marked tooth and marked recess of the gearing for the
primary and secondary surfaces hereinbefore referred to, constitute guiding means
whereby the primary and secondary surfaces are brought into the proper precise
and predetermined co-operating relation and whereby it is possible to make
secondary surfaces which are exact duplicates of each other, having their designs
identically placed thereon, and whereby it is possible from a series of registering
primary surfaces to make a series of registering secondary surfaces. Gear wheels
need not be employed in any of the machines described for the purpose of com-
municating motion from one co-acting surface to the other. Such communication
of motion may depend entirely upon the friction of the contacting surfaces. Where
the primary and secondary surfaces are curved shells, such as shown in the draw-
ings, and are removable from their supporting cylinders, the internal ribs formed
on these shells, and the corresponding recesses on the cylinders in which the ribs
fit, constitute guiding means whereby the primary and secondary surfaces are
accurately brought into their proper predetermined positions on their supports.
In making a primary surface a suitable basic surface is first prepared which
may be what is known in the lithographic art as a setting up plate" with
impressions of the designs set up or struck up on it. The surface to be made into
a primary surface is then brought into positive contact with the basic surface and
the impressions on the setting up plate are transferred to the other surface, which
is then suitably developed by a suitable method, in which etching is generally
employed, and becomes the primary surface. When this surface and the basic
surface are brought into contact, they are brought into a definite, predetermined
co-operating relation by the use of suitable guiding means whereby the design
of the primary surface is located thereon in an exact predetermined position, both
longitudinally and circumferentially, and with reference to the ultimate usc of
the primary surface in bringing about the final location of the design in an exact
and predetermined position on a secondary surface or on any other contacting
surface. In this way, a primary surface may itself be used as a printing surface
in a printing press, or may be used in making a secondary surface, and in both
cases the design will be so located on the printing surface as to automatically
register in the printing. Moreover, a series of primary surfaces having designs
adapted to automatically register may in this way be made, and from this series
of registering primary surfaces, a series of registering secondary surfaces may
be made.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
1. The improvement in the art of making duplicate graduated printing sur-
faces which consists in printing and thereby imparting a design-from a graduated
primary, surface directly or indirectly upon or to one or more suitable secondary
surfaces adapted to be developed into a graduated printing surface or surfaces,
the said primary surface and said secondary surfaces being arranged with reference
to positive guiding means in a definite and predetermined co-operating relation,
whereby the design is carried over from the primary surface and imparted to the
secondary surface in an accurate and predetermined position. and developing 'the
said surface or surfaces in a suitable manner, as by etching, into a graduated
printing surface or surfaces of the character desired, each secondary surface when
developed having a design thereon in duplicate of the design on the primary
surface.
2. The improvement in the art of making a series of registering graduated
printing surfaces adapted to co-operate in printing which consists in printing and
thereby imparting a design from a series of graduated registering primary surfaces
directly or indirectly upon or to a series of secondary surfaces designed and .con-
structed for register in printing, said secondary surfaces being arranged with
reference to positive guiding means in the same or equivalent definite and pre-
determined co-operating relation, and with reference to the subsequent position
and register of said secondary surfaces as printing surfaces, whereby the designs
are carried over from said primary surfaces and imparted to said secondary
surfaces in accurate and predetermined positions with reference to the positions
required in the ultimate use of the secondary surfaces as co-operating registering.
printing surfaces, and developing said secondary surfaces in suitable manner, as
by etching, into graduated printing surfaces.
3. The improvement in the art of making graduated printing surfaces which
consists in printing from a graduated primary surface upon a suitable conveying
surface or series of successive conveying surfaces, imparting the designs so printed
from said conveying surface or conveying surfaces to one or more suitable second-
ary surfaces adapted to be developed into a graduated printing surface or surfaces,
said primary surface, said conveying surface and said secondary surface, being
arranged with reference to positive guiding means in a definite and predetermined
co-operating relation one to another, and with reference to the subsequent register
of said secondary surfaces as printing surfaces, whereby, through the intermedia-
tion of the conveying surface, the design is carried over from the primary.surface
and imparted to the secondary surface in an accurate and predetermined position.
and developing said secondary surface or surfaces, as by etching, into a graduated
printing surface or surfaces of the character desired, whereby a plurality of grad-
uated printing surfaces suitable for printing the same design may be obtained.
4. The improvement in the art of making a series of registering graduated
printing surfaces adapted to co-operate in printing which consists in printing from
a series of registering primary graduated surfaces upon a conveying surface or a
series of successive conveying surfaces, imparting the designs.from said conveying
surface or conveying surfaces to a series of secondary surfaces designed and con-
structed for register in printing, each primary surface and its corresponding
secondary surface being arranged with reference to positive guiding means in the
same or equivalent definite and predetermined co-operating relation with respect
to their conveying surface and with reference to the position and register of said
secondary surface as a printing surface, whereby, through the intermediation
of the conveying surface or conveying surfaces, the designs of said series of regis-
tering primary surfaces are carried over from said primary surfaces and imparted
to said secondary surfaces in accurate and predetermined positions and with refer-
ence to the register and co-operation of said secondary surfaces as printing

page_text: surfaces, and developing said secondary surfaces in suitable manner, as by etching,
into graduated printing surfaces.
5. The improvement in the art of making a plurality of series of registering
printing surfaces, each series adapted to co-operate in printing, and the members
of each series having identical designs placed thereon, with respect to the designs
of the corresponding members of the other series,, which consists in successively
printing from each member of a series of registering primary surfaces upon a suit-
able conveying surface or successive conveying surfaces, imparting the designs of
each primary surface successively from its conveying surface or conveying surfaces
to a plurality of identical and interchangeable secondary surfaces, each of which is
constructed and designed for register in printing, each primary surface and each of
its corresponding secondary surfaces being arranged with reference to positive
guiding means in the same or equivalent definite and predetermined co-operative
relation with respect to their corresponding conveying surface or surfaces and with
reference to the position and register of said secondary surfaces as co-operating
printing surfaces, whereby, through the intermediation of the conveying surface
or conveying surfaces, the designs of the series of primary surfaces are carried
over from said surfaces and imparted to a plurality of series of secondary surfaces
in accurate and predetermined positions with reference to the position and register
desired in the ultimate use of each series of secondary surfaces as co-operating
printing surfaces, and developing said secondary surfaces in a suitable manner,
as by etching, into printing surfaces.
6. The improvement in the art of making graduated printing surfaces which
consists in preparing a basic surface for the graduated design to be printed by
applying that design to a setting up plate or other suitable surface according
to the position and register desired in the printing, arranging a suitable surface
adapted to be developed into a permanent graduated primary surface in a precise
predetermined relationship to the said basic surface, imparting by contact with
the said basic surface the design thereof to the said surface, adapted to be developed
into a primary surface, developing said surface in a suitable manner, as by etching,
into a permanent graduated primary surface of the character desired, printing
from said primary surface upon or to one or more suitable secondary surfaces
adapted to be developed into a permanent graduated printing surface or surfaces,
the said primary surface and the secondary surface being held with reference to
positive guiding means in a precise and predetermined relationship the one to
the other, whereby the design is carried over from the primary surface and im-
parted to the said secondary surface in an accurate and predetermined position
with reference to the position and register required in the ultimate use of the
secondary surface or surfaces as registering printing surfaces and developing said
secondary surface or surfaces in a suitable manner into a graduated printing
surface or surfaces whereby a plurality of printing surfaces suitable for printing
the same design may be obtained.
7. The improvement in the art of making printing surfaces which consists in
preparing a basic surface for the design to be printed by applying that design to a
setting up plate or other suitable surface according to the position and register
desired in the printing, arranging a suitable surface adapted to be developed into a
primary surface in a precise predetermined relation to the said basic surface and,
by the use of positive guiding means, imparting by contact with the basic surface
a design to said surface adapted to be developed into a primary surface, develop-
ing said surface in a suitable manner into a primary surface of the character
desired, printing from such surface upon a suitable conveying surface or succes-
sion of conveying surfaces, imparting the design so printed from the said con-
veying surface or conveying surfaces to one or more suitable secondary surface
or surfaces adapted to be developed into a secondary printing surface or surfaces,.
said primary surface, conveying surface and secondary surface being held with
.reference to positive guiding means in a precise and predetermined relationship,
the one to the other, whereby, through the intermediation of the conveying sur-

page_text: face the design is carried over from the primary surface and imparted to the
secondary surface in an accurate and predetermined position thereon with refer-
ence to the position and register desired in the ultimate use of the secondary
surface as a printing surface, developing the said secondary surface or surfaces
by etching or in any other suitable manner into a printing surface or surfaces of
the character desired, whereby a plurality of printing surfaces suitable for print-
ing the same design may be obtained.
8. In a machine designed to be used in making graduated printing surfaces,
and especially curved or cylindrical printing surfaces, the combination of a gradu-
ated primary printing surface adapted to print a design, with a secondary surface
adapted and arranged to receive an imprint of the design from the primary surface
and to be subsequently developed into a graduated printing surface therefor, and
positive guiding means with reference to which said surfaces may be brought into
a precise and predetermined co-operating relation or starting point in their opera-
tion in said machine.
9. In a machine designed to be used in making graduated printing surfaces,
the combination of a graduated primary printing surface adapted to print a design,
a curved or cylindrical secondary surface arranged to receive an impression from
the primary surface, said secondary surface being carried on a support and remov-
able therefrom so that successive secondary surfaces may be substituted therefor
and work in the same place on said support in the machine, guiding means with
reference to which the successive secondary surfaces may be supported in the same
or equivalent definite and predetermined co-operating relation with respect to the
primary surface, so that the starting contact point in the operation of said secon-
dary surfaces may always be the same in said machine, whereby a plurality of
interchangeable curved or cylindrical printing surfaces may be made having
identical designs identically placed thereon.
10. In a machine designed to be used in making graduated printing surfaces,
the combination of a graduated primary surface, a secondary surface, preferably
curved or cylindrical, a conveying surface adapted and arranged to receive an
impression from said primary surface and impart it to said secondary surface, the
secondary surface being adapted to be developed into a graduated printing surface
in duplicate of the primary surface, and positive guiding means with reference to
which said primary surface, said conveying surface and said secondary surface may
be brought into a precise and, predetermined co-operating relation, so that said
primary surface may always be brought to the same starting point in its co-opera-
tion with the secondary surface and so that the successive secondary surfaces may
always be brought to the same starting point in their co-operation with the
secondary surface.
11. In a machine designed to be used in making graduated printed surfaces
the combination of a graduated primary surface, a secondary surface preferably
curved or cylindrical, and a conveying surface adapted and arranged to receive an
impression from said primary surface and to impart it to said secondary surface,
said secondary surface being carried on a support from which it is removable so
that other secondary surfaces may be substituted therefor and work in the same
place in the machine, and positive guiding means with reference to which said
primary surface, said conveying surface, and said secondary surface may be
brought into a precise and predetermined co-operating relation, so that said
primary surface may always be brought to the same starting point in its co-opera-
tion with the secondary surface and so that the successive secondary surfaces may
always be brought to the same starting point in their co-operation with the
secondary surface.
12 In a machine designed to be used in making printing surfaces, the com-
bination of a primary surface preferably curved or cylindrical, a secondary surface
preferably curved or cylindrical, and a conveying surface adapted and arranged.to
receive an impression from said primary surface and impart it to said secondary
surface, said primary surface and said secondary surface being carried on sup-

page_text: ports from which they are removable so that successive primary and secondary
surfaces may be substituted therefor and work in the same place in the machine,
and positive guiding means with reference to which successive primary surfaces
and successive secondary surfaces may be brought into precise and predetermined
co-operating relationship with reference to the conveying surface or surfaces so
that the successive primary surfaces may always be brought to the same starting
point in their co-operation with the conveying surface and so that the successive
secondary surfaces may always be brought to the same starting point in their co-
operation with the conveying surface; whereby said machine may be employed
in making a series of duplicate secondary surfaces adapted to automatically
register in printing.