Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 15th July, 1886.
Complete Left, 5th Apr., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 21st June, 1887
I, BENJAMIN HOWARTH THWAITE of 37, Victoria Street Liverpool in the County of
Lancaster Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in that form of Recuperative lamp originally
invented by me and described in the "English Mechanic" of March 11th, 1881 and
for which letters patent for improvements therein have been granted to me
numbered 2262-85.
.
Instead of forming the recuperator in two separate parts bolted together, I form it
in one casting. The air enters to the point of combustion of the gas descensionally
through the centre of recuperator. I also provide tubes through annular recuperator
for leading the air descensionally to feed outside edges of flame.
In another modification of my invention I provide an annular cone shaped ring
by which I lead a second or auxiliary supply of air to edge of gas flame. To further
increase, the heat of the second supply of air, I provide tubes passing through the
annular space in recuperator, through which the heated products of combustion pass
to chimney.
This heated second supply of air I distribute, by means of gauze or a perforated
sheet of asbestos, uniformly to the flame.
I also provide horizontal or diagonal air tubes by which the air enters the central air
space of recuperator, and I also provide additional diagonally placed air tubes through
the cone or dome shaped cover leading the products of combustion to the chimney,
this I call the third supply of air.
I lead the. gas to a special shaped burner formed of a ring of steatite held in
position by a special spindle and screw arrangement, the spindle I may extend
downwards to support the globe. The holes in steatite ring burner I make horizontal
by preference.

page_text: The annular space leading first and second air supplies of air to support combustion,
I surround with wire gauze or other perforated material.
In order to reduce radiation from recuperator to a minimum and to improve its
appearance which, owing to the effect of high temperatures becomes unsightly I use
a coloured glass or porcelain inverted bell or tulip shaped cover, which leads the air
to different parts of recuperator I lead the gas either through the side or down the
centre of chimney and recuperator in the usual way-for bracket lamps I however
curve the chimney so as to make it form an agreeable feature of the bracket. I may
attach the globe either by means of hinges and catch or suspend it by one or more
rods attached to the centre or to the side of lamp. I may provide a fourth supply of
air from below by forming a special funnel or trumpet shaped tube in the centre of
globe and preferably forming part of globe which distributes air by means of an
annular cone shaped pendant from gas burner directly on to the gas as it issues from
the burner.

page_text: Improvements in Recuperative Lamps.
I BENJAMIN HOWARTH THWAITE of 37 Victoria Street Liverpool in the County of
Lancaster Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :—
My Invention relates to improvements in Recuperative Lamps of the inverted type
invented by me and described in the "English Mechanic" of March 11th 1881, and
known as the Hygienic Lamp, and for improvements of which, letters patent have
been granted to me No. 2262 A.D. 1885.
I will now proceed to describe the various figures in the six sheets of drawings, and
which said figures illustrating my Invention are intended to form part of this
Specification.
The reference letters and numerals wherever repeated refer to the same or similar
respective parts.
Referring to figures 1 and 2 on sheet 1 of drawings
The illuminating gas pipe a leads the gas to the special burner chamber b in which
a small volume of gas accumulates, and ensures a regular passage of the gas through
the holes c which are drilled or cast in bottom of chamber b.
By means of a screwed spindle d, and a cone shaped screw nut e the steatite ring f
is screwed and held in place, I may prolong or extend the spindle d so as to carry a
circular piece of gauze as shewn, or to carry a central air trumpet as shewn in other
modifications of my Invention hereinafter referred to.
The recuperator chambers g and h may either be cast in one piece and drilled for
the passage of air and products of gaseous combustion or be cast in two pieces an
upper and a lower piece, similar to the manner as shewn and described in my Patent
numbered 2262 A.D. 1885. The air flows to burner through chambers y.
The products of gaseous combustion are diverted in their flow into the recuperator
chambers by the curved inverted cone plate i and pass into the chimney ; as shewn
by the arrows.
The flow of air is diverted, when the aspiratory action of the chimney commences,
into the chamber g of the recuperator, by means of an outer cover k through
openings 1, and enters to the burner by means of a lower and tubular projection m in
the centre of recuperator and around the central gas supply burner a, I may terminate
the central tube by means of a porcelain terminal piece n.
In the centre of and at the bottom of the globe I provide a wire gauze covered
opening o the gauze may be spherical shaped.
The gauze is held in position by means of a light screwed spindle and clip p.
In the modification of my Invention as shewn in figures 3 and 4, the recuperator
chamber is built up of spun or sheet metal and tubes rivetted or screwed together, the
globe is hinged on one side and has a balance weight on the other. I generally
prefer to suspend the globes as shewn in figures 3 and 5 sheet 1 of drawings.
The direction of the flow of air is similar to that in lamp illustrated in figure 1.
•

page_text: In the modification of my Invention shewn in figures 5 and 6. The recuperator
chambers are formed in one casting, in other respects it is similar to figure 1.
The sides of the recuperator chambers, instead of being radial, can be made in
irregular configurations as shewn in my patent Specification Number 2262 A.D. 1885.
By this arrangement an increase of heating surface is obtained.
In figures 7 and 8 sheet 2 of drawings the recuperator chambers are formed in two
parts and as shewn in my patent Specification Number 2262 A.D. 1885. But the
lower part o² of the recuperator is sloped towards the centre of the burner so that
the air enters directly from the recuperator on to the burner; as the gas issues from
the holes in steatite ring.
The under surface of such sloping part of recuperator, I enamel or otherwise treat
so as to be reflecting.
A secondary supply of air from below led to the burner by means of a trumpet
shaped-tube preferably of glass or mica, and which may form part of the globe.
The trumpet shaped tube p² is kept in position by means of clips or rings p¹
attached to the central spindle d.
The trumpet tube may be bellied out, or it may be tulip shaped, as shewn, and the
lower part of tube may be provided with an air regulating arrangement q-actuated
by a ferruler and knob s.
The side of the trumpet tube may have a ring which carries the globe, and the said
ring is provided with a hit and miss arrangement of opening by which to ignite
the gas.
In the modification of my Invention shewn in figures 9 and 10 and 10ª the gas
tube enters the globe from below, or through the globe.
The recuperator is shaped in plan similar to the manner shewn in my Patent
Specification No. 2262 A.D. 1885 but it is formed of sheet iron bent to the
configuration shewn, and perforated at the outer parts t to allow the air to enter
into recuperator chamber and to the burner.
An outer sheet iron ring u is fitted around recuperator and perforated with holes
opposite those in inner or curved sheet iron sides at t.
Castiron plates fitted to the shape of the curved sides of recuperator are attached to
the top and to the bottom of recuperator as shewn and to this is fitted the cone
shaped tube v or the lower plate may be cone shaped.
The chimney the full diameter of the recuperator is fitted by clips or screwed to the
upper side of the latter.
The gas supply pipe is provided with a reducing socket w, and a smaller gas tube x is
continued to the upper or top side of recuperator at y, where it is fitted with an
inverted tube z, by which the gas is conducted downwards to the special gas chamber b
just over gas burner, which consists of a steatite ring perforated with holes, and kept
in place by means of a screwed piece e. The globe is preferably formed in two
parts as shown, the upper part being suspended by balance weights.
A trumpet shaped tube leads the air from below to the point of combustion.
Referring to Sheet of drawings 3, the figures 11. 12. 13 and 14 shew another
modification of my Invention, In this arrangement besides the air supplies entering
to burner by means of upper and diagonal tubes 2. into central chamber 3 on drawing
there is a second and horizontal air supply by means of tubes 4, and a third supply of
air by means of the annular space 5. The products of combustion pass on their way
to the chimney through the diagonal tubes or passages 6 which said tubes traverse
the before mentioned annular space.
The air, passing through this annular space is diverted or directed to the point of
ignition at the gas burner by means of the disc or lower plate 7.
The air is led to the three points of supply by means of a porcelain glass or
refractory bell shaped cover 8.
I may provide a catch chamber 8 for collecting the water condensed in the pipes-
and carried into the lamp-until such water is evaporated by the action of combustion.
The globe is provided with a glass trumpet-shaped piece 9 which may have a piece
of gauze or a hinged perforated plate 10.

page_text: Figure 15 is a plan in section through condensed water vapour collector.
Figure 16 is a plan in section through gas burner chamber b.
In figure 17, Sheet 4 of drawings, Instead of the annular ring leading the air to
the burner, there is another annular ring 11 provided with radial webs and with rings
of wire gauze by which the air passes to the edge of the flame.
The air tube leading the lower air supply is regulated by a hit and miss air
regulating arrangement 12 actuated by a thumb piece 13 sliding around central
spindle.
In sheet 5 figures 18, 19, 20, 21 22 and 23 The annular air supply arrangement
as described in figures 11, 12, 13 and 14, is the only supply which may be combined
with a cone shaped chimney.
The lower air supply is effected, by means of a simple trumpet shaped tube 15 with
a lower terminal hit and miss air regulating arrangement 16. or I may provide
instead of the trumpet-shaped tube a simple disc of gauze 17.
An opening 18 is provided with a glass or gauze wire ball by which a taper can be
inserted to light the gas.
The globes can be lowered by any simple mechanical arrangement such as that
shown in figure 22.
When using my Invention for external purposes or in positions liable to be affected
by gusts of wind I either obtain the air from the interior of a lamp post or standard-
perforated at its base, or I apply a cowl of any well known and natural type and in
combination with any well known form of air governor to regulate and mitigate the
unsteadying influences of the wind currents on the action of combustion.
In Sheet 6 Figures 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 and 29 The annular lower air supply ring is
left out. At the outside edge of central air tube I fix a perforated and enameled
reflector and diverter plate 20.
At the bottom of and in the centre of the globe, I provide a glass or other tube 21
bent over as shewn in figure and provided with gauze 22.
The edges of the tubes 23 may be crimped-to allow part of the air to sweep the
inside surface of the globe.
The advantages of my Invention are greater simplicity and increased heat exchange
area in recuperators.
The burner arrangement is simple and not so liable to derrangement by being
choked or stopped up with deposited carbon.
The lower trumpet shaped tube is a simple means of allowing the air, as in
ordinary lamps, to impinge on the gas as it issues from the orifices in the steatite ring.
This lower or ascensional air supply is only partially that, required for complete
combustion, the remainder and greater balance of the supply of air passes descensionally
through the recuperators to the burner.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention
and in what manner the same may be performed 1 declare that what I claim is
1st. The arrangement of inverted gas burner with enlarged chamber, and method
of attachment of Steatite ring substantially as herein shewn and described.
2nd. The lower or ascensional air supply arrangement, substantially as herein
shewn and described.
3rd. The general arrangement of recuperators as shewn in Figures 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9,
10, 11, 12, 18, and 20, and substantially as herein described.
4th. The method of constructing recuperator shewn in Figure 11, and substantially
as herein described.
D: and re of Aunil 1007