Year: 1887

page_text: I, WILLIAM HENRY BECK, of 115, Cannon Street, in the City of London, Con-
sulting Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
cases,
In incandescence electric lamps at present in use contained in closed glass globes,
or other similar vessels, the filament of carbon, the incandescence of which produces
It is then
the light, becomes burnt after a certain time, and is rendered useless.
necessary to replace the lamp with a fresh one. Sometimes the carbon is broken by
In either of these
a shock, or some other cause, or the glass globe itself is broken.
the lamp, as at present constructed, is rendered quite useless, and none of its
parts can be used in the manufacture of new lamps. The object of the present inven-
tion is to obviate these defects, and for this purpose the lamp is so constructed and
arranged that when the carbon is burnt for example, the lamp can be taken to pieces,
a fresh carbon put in, the lamp put together again, the vacuum made, or gas or
vapour introduced to prevent the combustion of the carbon, and the lamp then
used again. Similarly, if the glass is broken, it is replaced by another, and after
effecting the operations above mentioned, the lamp may be used again without
going to the expense of a completely new lamp, whereby considerable economy is
secured.
In the arrangements forming the subject of the present invention, the number of
pieces to be taken apart to enable either the carbon, or glass, to be changed is reduced
to a minimum, that is to say, to two. The glass is cemented to a metallic coupling or
connecting piece, and this coupling or connecting piece can be screwed to the base or
foundation piece of the lamp. This base or foundation piece contains, 1 the apparatus
for closing or obturating the lamp so as to prevent the entrance of air. 2, the

page_text: electric contact pieces or connections for the lamp. 3. the carbon niament carriers
and 4. a screw by which the lamp can be mounted on a connecting part of an air
pump, or of an apparatus for introducing inert gas or vapour into the lamp.
In the Drawings hereto annexed, Figure 1 represents a section of an arrangement
of lamp constructed in accordance with the invention, Figure 2 a section of a similar
but slightly modified arrangement, Figures 3 and 4 show a support suitable for the
improved lamp, and Figure 5 a partial section of the lamp shown in Figure 2
mounted on the exhausting box.
A is the glass vessel or container, B the metallic coupling or connecting piece
cemented to the glass container A, C a piece screwed into the connecting piece B and
forming an air tight joint therewith by means of the leather washer Y. i is a socket
furnished with a stud or projection t to enable the lamp to be connected by a bayonet
joint to its support. H is an insulating ring. D is an internal piece furnished with
the holes DD2, the cock or tap Q and the spring R. e is a cross bar of insulating
material supporting the carbon connections. U is the exhaust orifice. V is a screw
threaded hole by which the lamp can be mounted on a connection to the air pump.
E is a bearing nut or plug for the spring R, F is a metallic washer soldered to the
This
plug E to prevent the turning by inadvertance of the tail g of the cock Q.
washer is removed when exhausting the lamp. K is a metallic piece supporting the
Lis
holder (porte-mine) L'. Pand Parc metallic wires supporting the carbons a a.
a holder (porte-mine) soldered to the piece D, the holder L' is soldered to the piece K.
X is the cement by which the glass vessel or container A is secured to the connecting
piece B. Y is a leather or other suitable washer for making an air tight joint between
the connecting piece B and the piece C. Z is insulating cement.
The arrangement shown in Figure 2 only differs from that above described as
regards the internal arrangement of the piece D which is furnished with what the
inventor calls a pressure rod Q; it is also furnished with an indiarubber washer g
acting as a valve, a spring R, a nut or plug a, and a counter nut or plug e.
In the Drawing of the lamp illustrated in Figure 5 as mounted on the exhausting
box, N shows a leather washer, O a screwed flange, M M are claws, S is a spring and
Ta spindle or rod for pressing up or lifting the claws M M; oo are stops for the
claws M M.
According to another modification of the abovementioned arrangement, a slightly
curved or dome-shaped metallic piece is electro-plated, nickeled, painted, or simply
polished inside, perforated with an exhausting hole and furnished with an obturating
cock and a screw-threaded hole for connecting to an air pump.
A more or less
curved or domed glass cover is connected to the abovementioned curved or domed
metallic piece either by the pressure of the atmosphere (cement or other suitable
substance being interposed) or by any other suitable means. A carbon holder is
soldered to the curved or domed piece and, another carbon holder is soldered to an
insulated connecting piece and the carbon filament is placed between the metallic
curved, or domed piece and the similarly curved or domed glass cover.
Figure 3 is a vertical section and Figure 4 a plan of the support for carrying the
lamp.
is a clasp or ring of brass having a hollow repoussé part forming a circum-
ferential groove h¹ and another repoussé part or groove ix parallel to the axis, to allow
the stud or spurt (Figure 1) of the lamp to pass. j is a metallic piece screwed at j,
kis insulating material, a screw passing through the insulation k, m m³ lower electric
contact piece of the lamp formed of a piece of brass cut so that the part m¹ may be
bent up to form a spring, na screw passing through the piece m, p p screws for fixing
the piece m, r a hole for the passage of the conducting wires.
It will now be understood that in order to supply a fresh carbon, it is only necessary
to unscrew the piece B from the piece C, to place a fresh carbon in the holders L Li,
to screw the parts together again, and to exhaust the lamp. Similarly, to supply a
fresh glass, it is only necessary to unscrew the piece B from the piece C, to screw a
fresh piece B, with a glass already cemented therein, to the piece C, and to exhaust
the lamp as before.

page_text: The various arrangements above described, and shown in the Drawings, are
examples illustrating the invention, but it is obvious that the arrangements and forms
may be varied without departing from the nature of the invention.
The glass vessel or container A, inside of which is placed the carbon intended to
produce the light, is preferably of the form shown in the Drawings but it may be of
any other suitable form.
The metallic coupling or connecting piece B is of any suitable form; it is furnished
at its lower part with a screw thread which enables it to be screwed on to the base of
the lamp; this screw thread may be made inside or outside the coupling or connecting
piece. This coupling or connecting piece is cemented to the glass container A with
any suitable cement or other substance such as a mixture of litharge and glycerine,
for example, or moulding plaster, or oxychloride of zinc or other such like substance
may be employed if preferred.
The connections for transmitting the electric current to the lamp may be arranged
in a variety of ways; they are generally external to the base of the lamp. In the
lamp shown in Figure 2 the internal metallic piece 1) of the body of the lamp has
round its entire circumference a ring H of ebonite, wood or other non-conductive
material, and over this is passed a brass socket i formed with a spiral corrugation by
which the lamp may be screwed into a suitable support.
In the arrangement shown in Figure 1, the current passes by the socket i, the
pieces C and K, L' and P¹ to the carbon a and having traversed the latter, it
returns by the pieces P L, D, E and F.
The socket i and the piece F are therefore the two contact pieces or electric con-
nections of the lamp.
Similarly, to enable these lamps to be mounted on the supports now in use for
incandescence electric lamps the terminals of which are formed of metallic loops,
there may be arranged at the lower part of the base two metallic loops the one com-
municating with the central piece of the base and the other with the external part of
this same base. This part would in that case be formed of a brass socket.
Finally, the current may be taken by the aid of a special bayonet connection of the
lamp to its support. This arrangement, consists in surrounding the insulating ring H
with a metallic socket furnished with a part of the metal pressed out or repoussé at t
so as to form a spur or projection which takes into the grooves i and in the support
Figures 3 and 4; the current passes by the socket i, is conducted to the carbon and
thence to the bearing nut or plug E at the lower part of the lamp as already
described.
The filament of carbon may be fixed to the carbon carriers in various ways so as to
render the renewal of the filament easy. The methods employed for this purpose in
incandescence lamps now in use, or which may hereafter be discovered, may be applied
for holding the carbons in lamps constructed in accordance with this invention.
The means shown in the Drawings hereto annexed consists: firstly, of the part fixed to
the lamp,and,secondly, of a moveable part. The first or fixed part consists of two pieces
L L' already known and in use for holding plumbago pencils. One of these holders L'
communicates with one of the contact pieces or electric connections of the lamp;
the other holder L communicotes with the other contact piece or electric connection D.
The second or moveable part is formed of two pieces of metallic wire P and P¹ which
can be fixed in the holders L L¹ and are shaped so as to secure the necessary separation
of the two parallel branches of the filament of carbons a.
The upper ends of the metallic wires P P are each slit with a fine saw through
the axis of the wire, the two parts are afterwards flattened out if required, to give greater
surface of contact for the filament. These slits into which the ends of the filament are
placed are afterwards pressed together again and the carbon is thereby held in place.
To facilitate the changing of the filament there is placed between the two metallic
wires (as shown in Figures 1 and 2) a small crosspiece e of plaster or other insulating
material which connects and supports the two wires, so that, the filament being
previously fixed in the wire carriers, the latter can be introduced simultaneously into
the holders L L' and the change of carbon thereby quickly effected.

page_text: In order to establish a more intimate contact between the carbon and its attacliment,
it may be covered, before or after being pressed into the carbon carrier, with a coat
of copper, nickel, iron or other suitable metal by electro-deposition at the parts where
the attachment is made, so as to strengthen it at those parts. The section of the
carbon at the points of attachment may be increased, if desired, in the same way to
enable them to be pressed directly into the holders L L' without the interposition of
the metallic wire carriers P P above described.
The screw-threaded hole, for mounting the lamp on a connection of the air pump, is
placed at any suitable point of the lamp, intermediate between the obturator and the
atmosphere.
In Figure 1 it is placed at V and is furnished at the bottom with a hole U of smaller
diameter; this hole establishes communication between the interior of the lamp and the
connection of the air pump when the tap is turned so that the hole in its plug,
perpendicular to the axis, coincides with the hole U as shown in Figure 1. An airtight
joint is made between the lamp and the connection of the air pump by means of a
washer of leather or other suitable material placed between the said connection and the
bottom of the hole V, of course leaving the hole U free.
In the arrangement shown in Figure 2, the screw-threaded hole is placed at the
lower part of the lamp, and is usually closed by means of the nut or plug E which is
removed when it is required to exhaust the lamp. The lamp may also be screwed on
to the connection O, (Figure 5) an air-tight joint being made by means of the leather
washer N. The connection is provided internally with two hinged claws M M pressed
together by the spring S. The piece W engages with these claws, and is screwed to
the stem of the pressure rod Q so that when the piece T, which carries the axis T¹ on
which the two jaws are jointed, is drawn down, the valve g, connected to the pressure
rod Q, is opened. The vacuum can then be made in the exhaust box, and consequently
in the lamp; then by raising the piece T, which passes through a stuffing box, the
claws MM come against the part o of the pieceOand are thereby turned on their axisT
releasing the piece W, and allowing the valve to be closed by the spring R. The lamp
can then be unscrewed from the piece 0, the piece W unscrewed from the stem of the
pressure rod and the nut or plug E replaced.
Various kinds of supports may be employed for these lamps, such as sockets, screws
or hooks for example. When the support, with a bayonet joint connection shown in
Figures 3 and 4, is employed, the lamp, Figure 1, is placed so that the spur or
projection on the socket thereof comes opposite the groove ix; it is then pushed
downwards into the socket h, the spurt passing down the groove ix until it reaches the
groove h¹, then by turning the lamp to the right or left the spurt enters and follows
the groove and the lamp is thereby held in place, and prevented from coming out of
the support.
The screw serves to secure one end of one of the conducting wires in contact with
the plate mm; the other conducting wire is held by the head of the screw 7. The
support is screwed to a bracket or other point by the screw thread. The niece m m³,
when the lamp is fixed, comes in contact with the lower part of the lamp
body; the other contact of the lamp, that is to say the external socket, being in contact
with the socket or clasp h, is thereby brought into circuit.
The electric connections, whether screws or terminals for attaching the conducting
wires, may be placed outside the supports, and the latter may be furnished or not with
the usual means for opening and closing the circuit and so forth. The supports may
be of any suitable shape, and they may be surrounded with a suitable guard to prevent
persons who use them from putting their hands on the electric connections.
T J
1
1
171
1
LNmban 1007

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Incandescence Electric Lamps.
I, WILLIAM HENRY BECK, of 115, Cannon Street, in the City of London, Consulting
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manirer the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying two sheets
of Drawings and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
In incandescence electric lamps at present in use contained in closed glass globes
or other similar vessels, the filament of carbon, the incandescence of which produces
the light, becomes burnt after a certain time, and is rendered useless. It is then
Sometimes the carbon is broken by a
necessary to replace the lamp with a fresh one.
shock or some other cause, or the glass globe itself is broken. In either of these cases
the lamp, as at present constructed, is rendered quite useless, and none of its parts can
be used in the manufacture of new lamps. The object of the present invention is to
obviate these defects, and for this purpose the lamp is so constructed. and arranged that
when the carbon is burnt, for example, the lamp can be taken to pieces, a fresh carbon
put in, the lamp put together again, the vacuum made, or gas or vapour introduced, to
prevent the combustion of the carbon, and the lamp then used again. Similarly, if the
glass is broken it is replaced by another, and after effecting the operations above
mentioned the lamp may be used again without going to the expense of a completely
new lamp, whereby considerable economy is secured.
In the arrangements forming the subject of the present invention the number of
pieces to be taken apart to enable either the carbon or glass to be changed is reduced
to a minimum, that is to say to two. The glass is cemented to a metallic coupling or
connecting piece and this coupling or connecting piece can be screwed to the base or
foundation piece of the lamp. This base or foundation piece contains; 1, the apparatus
for closing or obturating the lamp so as to prevent the entrance of air; 2, the electric
contact pieces or connections for the lamp; 3, the carbon filament carriers; and 4, a
screw by which the lamp can be mounted on a connecting part of an air pump, or of
an apparatus for introducing inert gas or vapour into the lamp.
In the Drawings hereto annexed Figures 1 to 8 represent an arrangement of lamp
constructed in accordance with the invention, Figures 9 to 16 a similar but slightly
modified arrangement, Figure 17 a third arrangement, Figures 18 to 21 a modification
of the first arrangement, Figures 22 to 24 show a support suitable for the improved
lamp, and Figurue 25 a partial section of the lamp shown in Figures 9 to 16 mounted
on the exhausting box.
Figure 1 is an elevation, Figure 2 a vertical section, Figure 3 a plan, Figures 4 to 7
sections taken on the lines 1-1; 2-2; 3-3 and 4-4 of Figure 2, and Figure 8
shows the obturating tap or cock in detail.
A is the glass vessel or container, B the metallic coupling or connecting piece
cemented to the glass container A, C a piece screwed into the connecting piece B and
forming an air-tight joint therewith by means of the leather washer Y. I is a socket

page_text: furnished with a stud or projection to enable the lamp to be connected by a bayonet
joint to its support. H is an insulating ring. 1) is an internal piece furnished with
the holes D1, D2, the cock or tap Q and the spring R. € is a cross bar of insulating
material supporting the carbon connections. u is the exhaust orifice. V is a screw
threaded hole by which the lamp can be mounted on a connection to the air
pump. E is
a bearing nut or plug for the spring R, F is a metallic washer soldered to the plug E
to prevent the turning by inadvertance of the tail of the cock Q. This washer is
removed when exhausting the lamp. K is a metallic piece supporting the holder
(porte-mine) L. P and P are metallic wires supporting the carbons a a.
L is a
holder (porte-mine) soldered to the piece D, the holder L is soldered to the piece K.
X is the cement, composed of a mixture of litharge and glycerine, for example, by
which the glass vessel or container A is secured to the connecting piece B, Y is a
leather or other suitable washer for making an air-tight joint between the connecting
piece B and the piece C. Z is insulating cement.
Figures 9, 10 and 11 are respectively an elevation, a section and a plan of a slightly
modified form of lamp. Figures 12, 13, 14 and 15 are sections taken at lines 5-5;
6-6; 7-7 and 8-8 respectively of Figure 10, and Figure 16 shows the obturating
valve.
..
This arrangement only differs from that above described as regards the internal
arrangement of the piece D which is furnished with what the inventor calls a pressure
rod Q, screwed at its lower end; it is also furnished with an indiarubber washer p
acting a
as a valve, a spring R, a nut or plug a and a counter nut or plug E.
In the Drawing of the lamp illustrated in Figures 9, 10 and 11 as mounted on
the exhausting box (Figure 25) N shows a leather washer, O a screwed flange, M M are
claws, S is a spring and T a spindle or rod for pressing up or lifting the claws M M;
oo are stops for the claws M M.
Figure 17 is a section of another modification of the abovementioned arrangement,
is a slightly curved or dome-shaped metallic piece electro plated, nickeled, painted
or simply polished inside, perforated with holes V and U and furnished with an
obturating cock Q2 and its nut q¹ and a screw threaded hole 1 for connecting to an
air pump. A is a more or less curved or domed glass cover connected to the above-
mentioned curved or domed metallic piece b either by the pressure of the atmosphere
(cement or other suitable substance being interposed) or by any other suitable means.
L is a carbon holder soldered to the curved or domed piece b, L¹ is a carbon holder
soldered to an insulating connecting piece c, c' an insulating ring, a the carbon, and
P P¹ the carbon carriers.
Figures 18 and 19 are respectively an elevation and a plan of another modified form
of the first described arrangement, Figure 20 is a vertical section, and Figure 21 a
section at line 9-9 of Figure 20.
This arrangement only differs from that shown in Figures 1 to 8 as regards the
internal arrangement of the piece D which is furnished with a pressure rod Q pressing
against the part d of the piece D, and a washer of indiarubber p or other substance
suitable for making an air-tight joint or valve. This pressure rod is continued by a
small rod q in such manner that when the latter is acted on so as to compress the
spring the washer or valve is raised and the central hole is opened.
g is a nut or plug.compressing the spring R; it is perforated with a hole g¹. E is
a counter nut or plug which is removed when it is required to mount the lamp on the
connection of the air pump. This connection, which is similar to that shown for the
exhausting box, Figure 25, instead of having the claws M M has a single rod which
raises the small rod 2.
Figure 22 is a vertical section, Figure 23 an elevation, and Figure 24 a plan of the
support for carrying the lamp.
h is a clasp or ring having a hollow repoussé part forming a circumferential
groove and another repoussé part or groove i parallel to the axis, to allow the stud
or spur (Figure 1) of the lamp to pass. j is a metallic piece screwed at j', k is
insulating material, 7 a screw passing through the insulation k, m m¹ lower electric
contact piece of the lamp formed of a piece of brass cut so that the part m¹ may be bent

page_text: up to form a spring, na screw passing through the piece m, pp screws for fixing the
piece m, a hole for the passage of the conducting wires.
In the plan views shown in the Drawings the glass vessel or container and its metallic
coupling or connecting piece are supposed to be removed, as also the carbon filament and
its supports.
It will now be understood that in order to supply a fresh carbon it is only necessary
to unscrew the piece B from the piece C, to place a fresh carbon in the holders LL', to
screw the parts together again, and to exhaust the lamp. Similarly, to supply a fresh
glass, it is only necessary to unscrew the piece B from the piece C, to screw a fresh
piece B, with a glass already cemented therein, to the piece C, and to exhaust the lamp
as before.
The various arrangements above described, and shown on the Drawings, are examples
illustrating means of carrying the invention into effect but it is obvious that the
arrangements and forms may be varied without departing from the nature of the
invention.
The following description of the details of construction is divided into several
paragraphs, each treating of the principal parts constituting the improvements..
1. THE GLASS VESSEL OR CONTAINER AND ITS COUPLING OR CONNECTING PIECE.
(See Figures 1, 2, and 10.)
I
า
The glass vessel or container A, inside of which is placed the carbon intended to
produce the light; is preferably of the form shown in the Drawings, but it may be of any
other suitable form.
The metallic coupling or connecting piece B is of any suitable form; it is furnished
at its lower part with a screw thread which enables it to be screwed on to the base of
the lamp; this screw thread may be made inside or outside the coupling or connecting
piece. This coupling or connecting piece is cemented to the glass container A with any
suitable cement or other substance such as a mixture of litharge and glycerine, for
example, or moulding plaster, or oxychloride of zinc or other such like substance may
be employed if preferred.;
2. OBTURATING OR CLOSING DEVICE.
This may be a tap or cock as shown in Figure 8, or a valve as shown in Figures 9
and 10 and 18 to 21, or any other known and suitable obturating device.
round
The tap or cock shewn in Figures 1 to 8 is composed of a plug Q, which may be of
any suitable shape, and a seating furnished with a central hole D. In the arrangement
shown the plug Q is furnished with a hole perpendicular to its axis; opening into
another hole situated in the axis; it is also furnished with the tail piece or stem
which is placed a spiral spring R which constantly presses the plug of the tap into its
The end of
seat. This spring R bears at its other end on the bearing nut or plug E.
the stem is nicked across to receive the point of a screw driver by which the
plug Q can be turned so as to bring the hole therein, which is perpendicular to' its
axis, opposite the hole U, or away therefrom as will be hereafter explained.
In the arrangement shown in Figure 17 the axis of the tap plug Q is perpendicular
to that of the lamp and the spring is replaced by an ordinary retaining nut gl; this
arrangement may be applied to any of the arrangements of lamps described instead of
that first mentioned..
The valve shown in Figures 9 to 16 is composed of an obturator or closing washer
of caoutchouc, leather, or other substance of similar nature g, capable of making an
air-tight joint by its pressure against the part of the lamp on which it bears. This
washer gis cemented to the head of the before mentioned pressure rod Q, shown in
Figure 16, and which is formed of a head with a stem. Round the stem of this
pressure rod is placed a spiral spring R bearing at one end against a bearing nut and
at the other against the head of the pressure rod, whereby the indiarubber or other
washer is squeezed between the said head and the opposing surface of the piece D.

page_text: established between the interior of the lamp and the chamber containing the valve
and spring.
3. ELECTRIC CONNECTIONS.
The connections for transmitting the electric current to the lamp may be arranged
in a variety of ways; they are generally external to the base of the lamp. Figures 9
to 16 show a lamp which can be mounted on a screwed support; for this purpose
the internal metallic piece D, of the body of the lamp, has round its entire circum-
ference a ring H of ebonite wood or other non-conductive material, and over this is
passed a brass socket I formed with a spiral corrugation by which the lamp may be
screwed into a suitable support.
"
In the arrangement shown in Figures 1 to 8, the current passes by the socket I,
the pieces C and K, L' and P¹, to the carbon a, and having traversed the latter it
returns by the piece P L, D, E and F.
The socket I and the piece F are therefore the two contact pieces or electric
connections of the lamp.
Similarly, to enable thesc lamps to be mounted on the supports now in use for
incandescence electric lamps, the terminals of which are formed of metallic loops,
there may be arranged at the lower part of the base two metallic loops, the one
communicating with the central piece of the base and the other with the external
part of this same base. This part would, in that case, be formed of a brass socket.
Finally the current may be taken by the aid of a special bayonet connection of the
lamp to its support. This arrangement, shown in Figures 1 to 8 of the Drawings,
consists in surrounding the insulating ring H with a metallic socket I furnished
with a part of the metal pressed out or repoussé at t so as to form a spur or projection
which takes into the grooves i and h¹ in the support, Figures 22, 23 and 24; the
current passes by the socket I, is conducted to the carbon and thence to the bearing
nut or plug E at the lower part of the lamp as already described for the screw
mounting.
The filament of carbon may be fixed to the carbon carriers in various ways so as
to render the renewal of the filament easy. The methods employed for this purpose
in incandescence lamps now in use, or which may hereafter be discovered, may
be applied for holding the carbons in lamps constructed in accordance with this
invention.
.
.
The means shown in the Drawings hereto annexed consist: firstly, of the part
fixed to the lamp, and, secondly, of a moveable part. The first or fixed part consists
of two pieces LL' already known and in use for holding plumbago pencils. One of
these holders L¹ communicates with one of the contact pieces or electric connections I
of the lamp, the other holder L communicates with the other contact piece or electric
connection D. The second or moveable part is formed of two pieces of metallic
wire P and P¹ which can be fixed in the holders L L' and are shaped so as to
secure the necessary separation of the two parallel branches of the filament of
carbon a.
The upper ends of the metallic wires P P¹ are each slit with a fine saw through
the axis of the wire, the two parts are afterwards flattened out, if required, to give
greater surface of contact for the filament. These slits into which the ends of
the filament are placed are afterwards pressed together again and the carbon is
thereby held in place.
'
To facilitate the changing of the filament there is placed between the two metallic
wires (as shown in Figures 1 to 8 and 9 to 10) a small crosspiece € of plaster or

page_text: other insulating material which connects and supports the two wires, so that, the
filament being previously fixed in the wire carriers, the latter can be introduced
simultaneously into the holders L L' and the change of carbon thereby quickly
effected.
In order to establish a more intimate contact between the carbon and its attachment,
it may be covered, before or after being pressed into the carbon carriers, with a coat
of copper, nickel, iron or other suitable metal by electro-deposition at the parts
where the attachment is made, so as to strengthen it at those parts. The section of
the carbon at the points of attachment may be increased, if desired, in the same way
to enable them to be pressed directly into the holders L L¹ without the interposition
of the metallic wire carriers P P above described.
Various kinds of supports may be employed for these lamps, such as sockets, screws,
or hooks for example. For lamps with a bayonet joint connection, an arrangement
such as that shown in Figures 22 to 24 is employed.
In this arrangement the external socket is mounted on a metallic piece j and is
furnished with an internal circumferential groove or depression hand with a similar
groove or depression i parallel to the axis and adapted to receive the spur or projection t
of the lamp. To fix the lamp, Figures 1 to 8, it is placed so that the spur or
projection on the socket I thereof comes opposite the groove i; it is then pushed
downwards into the socket h, the spurt passing down the groove i until it reaches
the groove h¹, then by turning the lamp to the right or left the spurt enters and
follows the groove and the lamp is thereby held in place, and prevented from
coming out of the support.
The piece is provided with a piece of wood, ebonite, or other. insulating
substance ; this piece has a screw 7 passing through it the lower end of which enters
the piece ; the piece m m¹ (formed of a piece of brass cut so that the part m¹ may
,

page_text: be bent up to form a spring) is fixed by screws p p and n which do not pass through
the ebonite . The screw n serves to secure one end of one of the conducting wires
in contact with the plate m m¹; the other conducting wire is held by the head of the
screw. The support is screwed to a bracket or other point by the screw thread 2.
The piece m m', when the lamp is fixed, comes in contact with the lower part F of the
lamp body, the other contact of the lamp, that is to say the external socket, being in
contact with the socket or clasp is thereby brought into circuit.
The electric connections, whether screws or terminals for attaching the conducting
wires, may be placed outside the supports, and the latter may be furnished or not with
the usual means for opening and closing the circuit and so forth. The supports may
be of any suitable shape, and they may be surrounded with a suitable guard to prevent
persons who use them from putting their hands on the electric connections.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
First An incandescence electric lamp with a closed glass vessel or container
having devices whereby the carbon filament or the glass vessel or container can.be
changed or renewed, as herein before described, and illustrated in the Drawings hereto
annexed.
Second-The bayonet joint device for fixing the lamp in its support, such bayonet
joint device forming an integral part of the lamp without requiring any intermediate
piece between the lamp and its support, as hereinbefore described, and illustrated in
the Drawings hereto annexed.
Third In an incandescence electric lamp of the kind forming the subject of the first
claim clause hereof, the base of the lamp furnished with a screw thread for screwing
the lamp to the support, as hereinbefore described, and illustrated in the Drawings
hereto annexed.
Fourth In an incandescence electric lamp of the kind forming the subject of the
first claim clause hereof the combination with the base of such a lamp, of two
for
metallic loops for establishing the electric connections with the lamp, and f
enabling the same to be mounted on hook supports, as hereinbefore described.
Fifth In an incandescence electric lamp, forming the subject of the first claim
clause hereof the carbon filament connected to two metallic wires, such wires being
held at the necessary distance apart, or not, by a crosspiece e of insulating material,
the carbons being covered, or not, with a coating of copper or other metal, as herein-
before described, and illustrated in the Drawings hereto annexed.
Sixth In an incandescence electric lamp forming the subject of the first claim
clause hereof the devices for securing the carbon filament to the metallic wire con-
nections consisting of pincers formed by splitting the ends of the metallic wire
carriers, the said split parts being preferably flattened in order to increase the surface
of contact of the metallic wire with the filament, as herein before described, and as
illustrated in the Drawings hereto annexed.
Seventh-In an incandescence, lamp of the kind forming the subject of the first
claim clause hereof the metallic pieces L L¹ forming supports for the metallic con-
nections of the carbon, or direct connections for such carbon, as herein before
described, and illustrated in the Drawings hereto annexed.
Eighth The combination of the devices herein before described, and illustrated in
the Drawings, for enabling the carbon or the glass vessel or container to be easily
are usually employed in
changed or renewed, with carbon filaments such as
incandescence lamps whether such carbon filaments are produced by the calcination,
in a closed vessel, of cotton, hemp, wood or other suitable material, or by moulding
compressing or drawing material suitable for the production of carbon filaments, as
herein before described, and illustrated in the Drawings hereto annexed.
Ninth The incandescence lamp of the kind forming the first claim clause hereof,
consisting of the more or less flat or slightly curved plate serving, or not, as a
reflector, and furnished with an obturating tap or valve and means for fixing the

page_text: lamp to a suitable support, and of a more or less flat or slightly curved glass, the said
plate and glass being held together by atmospheric pressure or otherwise, and con-
taining between them the carbon filament and its connections, as herein before
described, and illustrated in Figure 17 of the Drawings hereto annexed.
Tenth The support for an incandescence electric lamp, consisting of a clasp or
socket with an internal circumferential groove or hollow, and a vertical groove or
hollow connected therewith for the purpose of receiving a spur or projection on the
body of the lamp, such grooves and spur forming a bayonet joint by which the lamp
can be secured to the support as herein before described, and illustrated in the Drawings
hereto annexed.,
Eleventh The devices for enabling a vacuum to be produced in the interior of
incandescence electric lamps of the kind forming the subject of the first claim clause
hereof, or for enabling a gas or vapour to be introduced therein for the purpose of
preventing the combustion of the carbon filament, as hereinbefore described, and
illustrated in the Drawings hereto annexed.
Twelfth The cement for fixing the glass container to its metallic connection
consisting of a mixture of litharge and glycerine, as herein before described.
Bated
1
LILIS
1
1
1000
W. H. BECK,
115, Cannon Street, London, E.C.,
Applicant.
0001
2011 TTO IT SYTTO NAILS
W. H. BECK,
115, Cannon Street, London, E.C.,
Applicant.