IMPROVE- MENTS IN ELASTIC WHEEL TYRES
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Lyne Hancock, of Goswell Road, in the City of
London, India Rubber Manufacturer, and Nahum Salamon, of Holborn Viaduct,
in the City of London, Sewing Machine Factor, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ELASTIC WHEEL TYRES."
Sealed the 6th April 1880, and dated the 13th October 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Lyne Hancock and
Nahum Salamon at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th
October 1879.
JAMES LYNE HANCOCK, of Goswell Road, in the City of London, India Rubber
Manufacturer, and NAHUM SALAMON, of Holborn Viaduct, in the City of London,
Sewing Machine Factor. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELASTIC WHEEL TYRES."
The chief object of this Invention is to provide an elastic tyre for velocipedes that
will have little tendency to slip while running over wet and uneven surfaces, and
will without detriment to its elasticity present a good wearing surface to the
ground.
The Invention also applies to the manufacture of tyres for wheel carriages
generally.
Supposing it is desired to produce a tyre for a bicycle wheel, we mould the same
by preference of two qualities of compound rubber in a metal mould. Thus we
form a ring, say cylindrical, in cross section which constitutes the cushion of the
ordinary "Kerm's mineral compound," and apply thereto a fillet of "friction rubber
compound," so placed as to constitute the wearing surface of the tyre.
The tyre in its plastic state we submit to heavy pressure in the mould, and
vulcanize it while in the compressed state. To insure a good holding for this tyre
in the rim of the wheel we form in the mould raised ribs, annular or otherwise,
which will indent the portion of the elastic cushion that is to be bedded in the rim,
and permit of its receiving a good body of cement.
In place of one fillet equal in breadth to one half the cross section of the ring
we may apply two narrow fillets of the like material, and effect the adhesion of the
same to the cushion rubber by pressure and vulcanization, or there may be a central
comparatively broad fillet and a narrow one on each side thereof.
Or the fillets may be divided up transversely into rings of round or square studs.
When preparing a tyre for railway truck wheels we mould a half round cushion
ring, which is ribbed or grooved to receive the adhesive cement, and overlying or
surrounding this cushion is a broad hoop of the friction rubber. This tyre we form
in a metal mould and complete in the manner above explained.
A tyre of this character is also applicable to ordinary common road vehicles.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said James Lyne Hancock and Nahum Salamon in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 13th April 1880.
JAMES LYNE HANCOCK, of Goswell Road, in the City of London, India Rubber
Manufacturer, and NAHUM SALAMON, of Holborn Viaduct, in the City of London,
Sewing Machine Factor. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELASTIC WHEEL TYRES."
This Invention relates to improvements on the elastic wheel tyres patented by
Mr. William Harrison, and bearing date July Twenty-seventh, One thousand eight
bundred and seventy seven, No. 2870, the chief object being to provide for bicycle
wheels an elastic tyre that will have little tendency to slip while running over wet
and uneven surfaces, and will without detriment to its elasticity present a good
wearing surface to the ground.
The Invention also applies to the manufacture of tyres for wheel carriages
generally.
Supposing it is desired to produce a tyre for a bicycle wheel, we mould the same
of two qualities of compound rubber in a metal mould. Thus we form a ring, say
cylindrical, in cross section (which constitutes the cushion) of the ordinary "Kerm's
mineral compound" in a "dry_soft" state, and we apply thereto a fillet of "friction
rubber compound," also in a "dry soft" state, so placed as to constitute the wearing
surface of the tyre.
This composite moulded tyre we submit to heavy pressure in the mould, and
vulcanize it while in the compound state. To insure a good holding for this tyre in
the rim of the wheel we form in the mould raised ribs, annular or otherwise, which
will indent the portion of the elastic cushion that is to be bedded in the rim, after
the manner described in the before mentioned Patent, in order to provide for the
tyre receiving a good body of cement for securing it in its seat in the rim of the
wheel.
In the accompanying Drawing Fig. 1 shews in cross section, and Fig. 2 in partial
side view, one form of an elastic tyre constructed according to our Invention.
In these Figures a is the cushion, composed of a solid ring of elastic rubber of the
ordinary quality, and indented at its underside to receive adhesive cement; b is a
fillet of "friction india rubber compound" standing up from the cushion a and
circumscribing the elastic ring.
This fillet is about equal in breadth to one half of the cross section of the cushiou,
and provides the tyre with a tough elastic tread which will present a good wearing
surface to the ground.
Fig. 3 shews in cross section, and Fig. 4 in partial side view, a modification of
our improved tyre, in which three narrow fillets b, b, b, are moulded with the
cushion a.
These fillets, it will be seen, stand out from the cushion and form the
tread for the tyre. The middle fillet will be the chief bearing surface, but when
'the wheel shews any tendency to slip on one side one or other of the side fillets will
take its bearing on the ground, and thereby offer a resistance to the further lateral
slipping of the wheel.
In this, as in the former example, the fillets will be composed of "friction india
rubber compound," the adhesion of the same to the cushion rubber being effected by
pressure and vulcanization in the mould.
Figures 5 and 6 shew in cross section and partial side view another form of an
elastic tyre. The wearing surface of this tyre is, as in the preceding examples,
composed of friction rubber, but it is in this case so disposed as not to project beyond
a circle coinciding with the circumference of the cushion.
The friction rubber b is divided up by parallel grooves so as to form a central
fillet and two shoulders, which shoulders will act like the side fillets of Fig. 3 to
check the slipping of the wheel.

page_text: Figures 7 and 8 shew in cross section and partial side view an elastic tyre with
two fillets b, b, of friction rubber formed by dividing up that rubber by three parallel
grooves. In this example the head will be formed by what may be termed a divided
fillet, the adjacent angles of which will serve to check any tendency to slip, while
the shoulders of the compound beyond the fillets will serve to arrest the lateral
motion of the wheel in case slipping should commence.
When preparing a tyre for railway truck wheels we nould a half round cushion
ring, which is ribbed or grooved as before explained, to receive the adhesive cement,
and overlying and surrounding this cushion is a broad hoop of the friction rubber.
This tyre we form in a metal mould and complete in the manner above set forth.
A tyre of this character is also applicable to ordinary common road vehicles, gun
carriages, and ambulances, the requisite electricity being secured by the cushion of
"Kerm's mineral compound" or its equivalent sulphur compound, and the durability
of the tyre being secured by employing the friction rubber to form the tread.
The adhesion of these tyres to the felloes or rims will be by cement, the contact
surface of the cushions being grooved, as already explained, to hold the cement in
sufficient quantity for effecting a firm junction with the felloe or rim.
Having now set forth the nature of our Invention of "Improvements in Elastic
Wheel Tyres," and explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, we wish it
to be understood that under the above in part recited Letters Patent we claim, the
manufacture of wheel tyres, in the manner and for the purpose above set forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said James Lyne Hancock and Nahum Salamon,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, the Twelfth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty.