IMPROVED APPLICATION OF AIR TO PRODUCE HEAT IN FIRES, FORGES, AND FURNACES WHERE BELLOWS OR OTHER BLOWING APPARATUS ARE REQUIRED
Year: 1828

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES.
BEAUMONT NEILSON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, in North Britain,
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present Majesty King George the Fourth, by His Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at Westminster,
the Eleventh day of September now last past, did give and grant unto me,
the said James Beaumont Neilson, His special licence, full power, sole privi-
lege and authority, that I, the said James Beaumont Neilson, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, and such others as I, the said. James Beaumont
Neilson, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England and Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, my Invention for the "IMPROVED APPLICATION OF AIR TO PRODUCE HEAT
IN FIRES, FORGES, AND FURNACES WHERE BELLOWS OR OTHER BLOWING APPARATUS
ARE REQUIRED;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso
obliging me, the said James Beaumont Neilson, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of
my, said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to

page_text: cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had,
will more fully appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
James Beaumont Neilson, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Inven-
tion for the improved application of air to produce heat in fires, forges, and
furnaces where bellows or other blowing apparatus are required, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described and
ascertained as follows, that is to say :-
A blast or current of air must be produced by bellows or other blowing
apparatus in the ordinary way, to which mode of producing the blast or current
of air this Patent is not intended to extend. The blast or current of air so pro-
duced is to be passed from the bellows or blowing apparatus into an air vessel
or receptacle, made sufficiently strong to endure the blast, and through and
from that vessel or receptacle, by means of a tube, pipe, or aperture, into the
fire, forge, or furnace. The air vessel or receptacle must be air tight, or nearly
so, except the apertures for the admission and emission of the air; and at the
commencement and during the continuance of the blast it must be kept artifi-
cially heated to a considerable temperature. It is better that the temperature
be kept to a red heat or nearly so, but so high a temperature is not absolutely
necessary to produce a beneficial effect. The air vessel or receptacle may be
conveniently made of iron, but as the effect does not depend upon the nature of
the material; other metals or convenient materials may be used; the sizo of
the air vessel must depend upon the blast, and on the heat necessary to be pro-
duced. For an ordinary smith's fire or forge, an air vessel or receptaclo
capable of containing twelve hundred cubic inches will be of proper dimensions;
and for a cupola of the usual size for cast-iron founders, an air vessel capable of
containing ten thousand cubic inches will be of a proper size. For fires, forges,
or furnaces upon a greater scale, such as blast furnaces for smelting iron, and
large cast iron founders' cupolas, air vessels of proportionably increased dimen-
sions and numbers are to be employed. The form or shape of the vessel or
receptacle is immaterial to the effect, and may be adapted to the local circum-
stances or situation. The air vessel may generally be conveniently heated by
a fire distinct from the fire to be effected by the blast or current of air, and
generally it will be better that the air vessel and the fire by which it is heated
should be inclosed in brickwork or masonry, through which the pipes or tubes
connected with the air vessel should pass. The manner of applying the heat

page_text: to the air vessel is, however, immaterial to the effect, if it be kept at a proper
temperature.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Beaumont Neilson, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Twenty-eighth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and twenty-nine.