IN LOOMS FOR WEARING
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Cheetham, of Oldham, in the County
of Lancaster, Mill Manager, at present residing in Russia, for the
Tuzantion of it Omary ImportHANMO IN LOOMS FOR WEARING "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Cheetham at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 23rd July 1875.
I, WILLIAM CHEETHAM, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Mill
Manager, at present residing in Russia, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to
be as follows *-
My Invention relates, first, to an apparatus for keeping the warp at
a uniform tension, the warp after leaving the warp beam is carried
over a vibrating back roller supported in elbow levers, and acted upon
by spiral springs When the shed is open the extra terision on the

page_text: warp compresses the springs, and when the shed is closed the springs
expand and tighten the warp.
•
The second part of my Invention relates to the shuttle box, and
consists in preventing the wear of the hinge of the swell, and in
applying a spiral spring to the swell. The swell is made as usual,
and is hinged on a pin passing through the shuttle box; the pressure
of the shuttle on the swell does not act on the hinge pin as usual, but
is received by a back plate fixed to the shuttle box, and recessed to the
circular end of the swell. The swell when acted upon by the shuttle
acts on a lever on the stop rod as usual, and this lever is acted upon
by another lever against which the spiral spring presses. The tension
of the spiral spring can be regulated as required. The ordinary flat-
spring may be used in combination with the back plate above referred to.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Cheetham in the Great Scal Patent Office
on the 21st January 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
CHEETHAM, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Mill Manager, at
present residing in Russia, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenth-third day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
ninth year of Her reign, did, for Пerself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Cheetham, Her special licence
that 1, the said William Cheetham, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said William Olicetham, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that
1, the said William Cheetham, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and

page_text: seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Cheetham, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement (that is to say) :-
:-
My Invention relates to an apparatus for keeping the warp at a
uniform tension, and it consists of a double-acting casing motion, and
also a compound weighting motion applied to the warp beam of looms
for weaving.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into operation, I will proceed to describe the accompanying Sheet
of Drawings.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation in section; Fig. 2, a back view; and
Fig. 3 a plan of part of an ordinary loom to which my improvements
are applied.
I
a is the crank shaft; b, the warp beam; and c the healds. These parts
and all the other parts excepting those hereafter described are made
in the usual manner. The casing motion keeps the yarn throughout
at a uniform tension, and prevents the injurious jerking of the old
system, and is constructed as follows.-The back roller d works on a
pair of semicircular swivel lever brackets e, one at each side of the
loom, these semicircular brackets are stayed together across the loom
by a wrought-iron rod f which causes them to work in unison together.
These brackets work against a pair of spiral springs fitting on spindles
which pass through the canon brackets g', thus causing the back roller d
to vibrate inwardly by the action of the healds. On the above-
mentioned rod f is another pair of swivel box brackets h¹, one at each
side of the loom, and carrying inside each box another spiral spring h
which also works on a pair of spindles; these spindles are provided
at one end with bearings to carry the polished iron rod 2 which goes
across the loom and works underneath the back roller d; this rod is
called the easing rod, and it yields to the action of the warp by the
working of the healds. All the above motions are carried by a pair

page_text: of brackets bolted to the loom sides; these brackets also carry another
polished rod which reaches across the loom. This rod receives the
yarn from the warp beam b, the yarn going over it, then underneath
the casing rod 2, and then over the back roller d.
From the foregoing it will be seen that the two pairs of spiral 1
springs g, g, and h, h, will work in opposite directions, thereby making
the motion double acting. The casing rod works outwardly, while
the back roller & works inwardly, it will also be seen that the polished
rod receives the yarns always at the same place, thereby causing the
action of the springs always to be the same throughout the waṛp,
whether the beam be empty or full, or at any intermediate stage, these
spiral springs can be adjusted on their spindles by set screws and collars
to be either tight or slack so as to work any kind of cloth from the
lightest printers to the strongest domestics. The two polished rods
and back roller through which the yarn is threaded all work round
with the warp, so that there is no friction on the yarn in going through
the motions.
-
My compound weighting or friction motion for the warp beam
possesses many advantages over any other system yet invented on
account of its durability, simplicity, and efficiency. The warp beam |
is supported in two semicircular brackets lined with leather to
create fiiction; each end of these caps forms a lever, one end slides
into the fork bracket inside the frame, the other end projecting
outwards contains divisions; this lever end of the cap is broad, and
slotted through the middle In each slot is applied a rod m with a
Thead. The bottom end of the rod passes through the weight lever n
and holds the same up by a nut and screw, thus connecting them
together It will be seen by this that by shifting the T headed rod m
into different divisions on the lever cap the friction on the yarn beam
will be increased or diminished as required It will further be noticed
that the lever cap has a friction independent of the weight lever n,
and it is consequently compound. By this system of weighting an empty
beam can be taken out and replaced by a full one, and the requisito
fiction applied in very considerably less time than under that of the
old system, nothing requiring to be done when changing the beam but
to lift the T rods m out of the slots, and let them go down with the
weight lever n. The top lever caps are then at liberty to be taken off
and the empty beam can be replaced by a full one.

page_text: In the Provisional Specification filed with the application for these
Letters Patent, I stated that my Invention related also to certain im-
provements in the shuttle boxes of looms; but since filing the said
Provisional Specification I have discovered that the same are not
practically beneficial, I therefore wish to omit them.
Having thus stated the nature and particulars of my Invention I
declare that I claim, the combination of the rods or rollers d, 2, and k,
and the mode of applying pressure to the roller d and rod 2 for keeping
the yarn at a uniform tension, as shewn and described, or any modifi-