AN IMPROVEMENT IN. THE MANUFACTURING OF COPPER OR OTHER METAL CYLINDERS OR ROLLERS FOR CALICO PRINTING
Year: 1818

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
ORMROD, of Manchester; in the County Palatine of Lancaster, Iron Founder,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His present Majesty King George. the Third, in and by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twenty-second day of July last, for Himself, His heirs and
successors, did give and grant unto me, the said Richard Omrod, His special
licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Richard
Ormrod, my exors, admors, and assigns, and every of them, by myself and
themselves, or by my and their deputy or deputies, servants or agents, or
such others as I, the said Richard Ormrod, my exors, admors, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all.
times thereafter during the term of years therein unexpired, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the
Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN. THE
MANUFACTURING OF COPPER OR OTHER METAL CYLINDERS OR ROLLERS FOR CALICO
PRINTING;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso obliging
me, the said Richard Ormrod, by an instrument in writing under my hand,
and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention,

page_text: and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to
be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within four calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said recited Letters Patent,
as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Richard Ormrod, do hereby describe and ascertain the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as follows, that
is to say :-
The cylinders are made in the usual way. They are generally formed of
copper or brass, or copper and brass united, and are either cast or made from
plates soldered together. My Invention is equally applicable whether the
cylinders are formed in the one method or the other. I first place the cylinder
for about a quarter of an hour in a mixture of oil of vitriol and water; and I
afterwards scour it well until every part is free from scale and dirt. This
method of cleaning the metal cylinders is not new, nor do I claim it as of my
Invention. After the cylinder is well cleaned I place it on a mandrel of iron
or steel (I prefer a mandrel of iron inlaid with steel), adapted as closely as
possible to the hollow of the cylinder. I then pass the mandrel with the
cylinder fixed upon it through a collar of iron or steel (the former I prefer on
account of its cheapness). The diameter of the collar is something smaller
than that of the surface of the cylinder, the consequence of which is, that by
the pressure resulting from this operation the pores of the metal of which the
cylinder is formed are closed, and the metal being made to press equally upon
the mandrel, becomes throughout of one texture and of great and uniform
hardness and solidity. The method of drawing the mandrel and cylinder
through the collar may be variously contrived; and I do not claim as of my
invention any particular machinery for this purpose. I have found it con-
venient to fix a strong iron plate or standard in a vertical position, and to
secure it firmly to a frame or table constructed with great strength and solidity.
The collar is fixed on a groove or bed formed in this plate or standard on the
side opposite that upon which the power is applied, and an opening in the plate
corresponds with that of the collar. In this plate collars with apertures of
different diameters may be placed, the opening in the plate or standard being
made at least equal to the opening of any of the collars. The collar is about
five inches in thickness, and the opening is made a little tapering, the diameter
being, something larger on the side opposite that upon which the power is
applied than upon the other; and that end of the cylinder which is first
inserted in. the collar is also made slightly to taper at the extremity. The

page_text: mandrel, which is, of course, longer than the cylinder, and with the cylinder
upon it, is put into the collar on the side opposite to that upon which the
power is applied, and by the tapering of the end of the cylinder and of the
opening of the collar, as above described, the extremity of the cylinder will
just pass through the collar. A chain is connected at one extremity with the
moving power, and at the other with the mandrel, by means of a hook and
socket. The end of the mandrel is placed in the socket, and a steel cutter or
pin passes through both, and thus connected the hook fits into a link of the
chain. The power being set in action, the mandrel, with the cylinder upon it,
is drawn through the collar. The cylinder in this operation is prevented
from being forced off the mandrel by a slit or cavity made in the end of the
mandrel, into which a projection inside the cylinder at its extremity is made to
fit. The operation is repeated through successive collars, whose diameters
gradually diminish until the cylinder is brought to a proper state of smoothness
and solidity. The number of operations must of course vary with the nature
of the metal, the diameter of the cylinder, and other circumstances, and no
certain rule can be laid down upon the subject, but it must be left to the
workman to determine when the cylinder is brought to a proper and perfect
state; in this there will be no difficulty. The power which I use for the above
purpose is about a hundred horse power, estimated at the place where it acts
upon the mandrel. The cylinders are usually about twenty-six inches and
thirty-six inches in length before they are drawn through the collars, and the
operation is generally repeated until they are extended to the length of about
thirty-two and forty-two inches. The diameter of the first collar is about one
eighty-fourth part of an inch less than that of the outward surface of the
cylinder, and of the second collar about one eighty-fourth part of an inch less
than that of the first collar, and so in succession. But these proportions, and the
extent of the power, may of course be varied, and the machinery may be con-
structed and the power applied in different modes, the above being described
merely as an example and as a convenient method of giving effect to my
Invention. After the cylinder has passed through the different collars, and is
brought to a proper state of smoothness and solidity, I place it in the usual
way on a finishing mandrel to be turned and polished.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Ormrod, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eleventh day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighteen.
RICHP (L.S.) ORMROD.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Eleventh day of November, in
the year of our Lord 1818, the aforesaid Richard Ormrod came before our
said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stampt according to
the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Twelfth day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighteen.