Year: 1887

page_text: I CHARLES KINGSTON WELCH, Engineer, of High Road Tottenham in the County
of Middlesex do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of my invention is to so construct velocipedes with three or more wheels,
that the riders weigh may be placed in such a position in travelling round curves in
roads or race courses, as to render it possible to drive them at a much higher speed,
with less liability of overturning; also to enable the rider or riders to maintain a
natural position in riding over crowned or uneven roads.
By these improvements I may build velocipedes much narrower and lighter without
diminishing safety, this will also prove an advantage in passing them through narrow
doorways.
Horizontal and lateral vibration may be considerably reduced by the application of
suitable springs and other mechanical appliances, enabling the rider or riders to travel
over obstructions more easily with less check to the machine than hitherto.
These improvements are more applicable to velocipedes of the front steering class
and may be used in the construction of singles, tandeins, and sociables.
I will first describe my improvements as applied to front steering tricycles
intended for riders skilled or having some knowledge of the art of riding a bicycle.
The two back driving wheels may be fitted on a suitable balance geared axle revol-
ving on ball or other suitable bearings fitted on a tube placed parallel with the axle
(hereinafter termed the bridge) from this is brought a short front-bone in the form of
a tube, on the forward end of which is fitted the bracket carrying the cranks, pedals,
chainwheel &c. (hereinafter termed the propelling gear) a suitable chain may be used
to transmit rotary motion to the main axle.
On the short front-bone I may fasten lugs fitted with adjustable centres, between or
on these I may loosely joint or hinge horizontally, or at an angle a tube forming a
secondary frame or front-bone, on the back end of which may be mounted the seat and
spring with the usual means of. adjustment, the front portion of this tube or frame
may be carried forward and upward ending in a socket or neck provided with centres,
in or on this is fitted a suitable fork in which revolves the steering wheel (preferably a

page_text: large one) this may he fitted with a handle bar for the purpose of guiding, somewhat
similar to a bicycle, and may be kept automatically straight by one of the appliances
now commonly used on velocipedes although I prefer the steering free in this
machine.
It will now be seen that the steering wheel, handles and scat are on a separate
frame or front bone, which is to some extent independant of the lower or back frame
on which it is jointed, a suitable spring or springs may be provided to keep the two
frames from altering laterally to too great an extent in turning a curve, or when off
the machine, or it may in some cases be ridden without, a spring and cam may be used
instead of springs alone to render the position of the seat and handles automatically
upright.
In some cases I may make the steering post and seat to rock separately on the
lower frame, or I may make the propelling gear to move with the upper frame by
mounting the whole on a suitable ball joint formed in the centre of the axle in such
a manner that the necessary tilt can be obtained without throwing the chain off.
To prevent horizontal vibration and to also assist the wheels in surmounting
obstructions such as stones or the like, 1 fit the frame carrying the steering wheel and
seat or seats loosely in or over the short frontbone in such a manner that it may hinge
and slide, on each end is provided a spiral or other spring to keep the upper frame in
an intermediate position, should either of the wheels meet with any uneveness or
obstruction the frames would slide one in the other compressing either the front or back
spring which would have the effect cf storing power for pushing the wheel or wheels
over the obstruction.
Instead of making the frames to slide I may fit them with links and the necessary
springs.
This machine may be converted into a tandem by fitting the large front steering
wheel with propelling gear, seat and handles thus the three wheels would become
driving wheels, by bringing the handles forward each side from the seat pillar the
machine may be made open fronted (in the case of the front rider) and therefore suitable
for a lady or to make another form of tandem I may fit an extra seat and handles
on the back part of the upper frame, and an extra chain and propelling gear on the
lower frame the handles may be connected by rod or other appliance, or the steering
and balance may be under the control of one rider only. In the case of some tandems
the tube leading from the steering wheel forming the upper frame in the above
described machines may be carried down and jointed below the front-bone, and again
brought up at the back, the two seats and handles being mounted thereon in a suitable
manner.
Machines may be made to accomodate three riders by coupling both the described
attachments to one velocipede.
In constructing a front steering tricycle to travel more safely round curves at high speed
and yet not to require the skill used in a bicycle or the above described tricycles, I use
two equal sized driving wheels fitted with suitable balance geared axle revolving on
ball or other bearings fastened to the bridge; on this is fixed the frontbone carrying
the bracket, propelling gear and chain, through which rotary motion is transimited to
the main axle on the end of this frontbone some little distance in front of the pedals
and bracket, may be fixed a transverse tube, say about twenty inches long, on each
end of this may be jointed tubular arms preferably fitted with adjustable centres,
these are carried forward in an inward direction, and are again jointed but with ball
or other suitable universal joints to a short axle, on which revolves the steering
wheel (preferably a large one) the back part of one or both of these arms may be
provided with levers, or cranks extending inwards, these are again connected by rods
or other suitable means to a steering shaft on which may be fixed the handle bar, this
shaft turns in a tube or socket brought up at a suitable angle from the frame, and
together is termed the steering post; I may use instead of a handle bar, one or more
spade-shaped handles for the purpose of making the machine more open fronted, con-
necting them with the arms through a rack and pinion or other suitable appliance; a
spring and cam may be used to render the machine automatically straight in its

page_text: course; the action of this method is that if the rider turns the handle bar or
handle say to the right, the effect is to cause the arms to point to the left which at the
same time turns the steering wheel in the reverse direction corresponding with the
handle bar or handle, this throws the steering wheel while turning to the right con-
siderably to the left which causes the steering wheel and the left driving wheel to run
in almost the same track, in other words the steering wheel is thrown on the left side
of the machine in turning to the right and on the right side in turning to the left; by
placing the joints or centres on the back of the arms at an angle to lean in at the top
towards the steering wheel, the effect will be to tilt the wheel out of the upright in
turning a curve, causing it to be placed in a position similar to that described in
reference to the first machine.
In making a tandem on this principle 1 simply add a seat, spring, propelling gear,
and steering handle, which may or may not be connected with the front wheel; if
coupled, I prefer to use rods placed below the axle out of the way.
This method of mounting the steering wheel may also be of great value in con-
structing sociables, as it is possible to build a tricycle of this description much
narrower without increasing the liability of overturning.
Instead of placing the riders side by side between the driving wheels, I prefer to
place a seat over each driving wheel forward of the axle, these wheels may be placed
about thirty-two inches apart and may be about thirty or thirty-two inches
diameter, each may be driven separately, but I prefer to drive them through
a balance geared axle, I prefer to fit this axle with four bearings one on
each side cach hub, from these I may fit forks horizontally, or at an angle, in
place of frontbones; the propelling gears may be placed in front of the driving wheels
near the crown of the forks, each being connected to the main axle by separate chains,
preferably placed on the inner sides of the wheels, from the crown of the two forks
may be brought two tubes each fixed to the ends of a transverse tube, on the ends of
which are jointed tubular arms carrying the steering wheel in a similar way to that
described with reference to the single machine, the difference being that two handle
bars or two sets of handles may work the steering instead of one, the seats may be
mounted on adjustable uprights rising from the forks, and suitable dress guards may
be placed over each wheel; by making the handles and seats to slide or fold down the
machine may be carried sideways through a doorway measuring a little over the
diameter of the wheels.
In some cases I may mount the front wheel in a fork working on a steering
head attached to a secondary frame jointed or hinged to a lower or back fraine
similar to the first described single machine, but instead of fitting on one seat, I
form the frame to carry two one over each driving wheel; or I may mount the
seats and handles on separate frames each hinged to the lower frame, and connected
to a contre rocking frame by suitable rods, stays, or links; or by making cach
wheel to be driven separately without balance gear I may make the three
wheels to cant or tilt with the riders for the purpose of placing the weight inside in
travelling round a curve, in all cases springs, or springs and cams, may be used to
bring the frames automatically back to one position.
The space between the two driving wheels may be utilised for carrying a basket or
other luggage.
The frames of the above machines may be fitted with slides and springs or
other mechanical contrivances for reducing horizontal vibration, as hereinbefore
described.
When a bicycle of the rear driving type or other velocipede is fitted with these
improvements the details must vary accordingly.
13
11
33
1
T 1 1007

page_text: I CHARLES KINGSTON WELCH of High Road Tottenham in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:—
The object of my invention is to so construct velocipedes with three or more wheels
that the riders weight may be placed in such a position in travelling round curves on
roads or race courses as to render it possible to drive them at a much higher speed
with less liability of over turning: also to enable the rider or riders to maintain a
natural position or balance in riding over crowned or uneven roads.
By these improvements I may build velocipedes of this class much narrower and
lighter and with increased safety, this will also prove an advantage in passing them
through narrow doorways.
Horizontal vibration may be considerably reduced by constructing the frames in
two or more parts to slide or rock in or over each other acting upon suitable springs
and other appliances enabling the rider or riders to travel over obstructions more
easily with less check to the speed of the machine than hitherto.
These improvements are more applicable to velocipedes of the front steering class,
and may be used in the construction of Singles, Tandems or Sociables.
I will first describe my improvements as applied to front steering single Tricycles
intended for riders skilled or having some knowledge of the art of riding a Bicycle.
Referring to the accompanying six sheets of drawings in all cases where a side
elevation is shown the near driving wheel is removed to show more clearly the
construction of the frames, Fig. 1 shows a side elevation of a single front steering
Tricycle constructed more as a racing machine, the two back driving wheels A are
mounted on a suitable balance geared axle revolving on four ball or other suitable
bearings B fitted on the tube parallel with the driving axle (and hereinafter termed
the bridge) on the bridge C is brazed or otherwise jointed the tubular front bone D ;
on the forward end of which is fitted the bracket E carrying the cranks, pedals,
chainwheel &c. (hereinafter termed the propelling gear) a suitable chain F is used to
impart rotary motion to the main axle ; on the short front bone D I fasten the
lugs G. G. fitted with centres one or both of which may be adjustable as shown at H,
between or on these I loosely joint or hinge horizontally or at a suitable angle the
tube J forming a secondary frame or front bone, on the back end of this is mounted
the seat and spring K with the usual means of adjustment, the front portion of the
tube or frame is carried forward and upward ending in the socket L (or neck provided
with centres) forming the steering head, in or on this is fitted the fork M in which
revolves the steering wheel N (preferably a large one) this is fitted with the handle
bar O for the purpose of guiding similar to a bicycle, and may be kept automatically
straight by one of the appliances now commonly used on velocipedes although I prefer
the steering free in this machine. The upper frame carrying the steering wheel,

page_text: handles and seat together I will term the upper frame P. P. and the lower frame
carrying the front bone D propelling gear E and bridge C together the lower
frame Q. Q.
It will now be seen that the upper frame P. P. is mounted loosely on the lower
frame Q.Q. by a horizontal hinge or joint the two frames are therefore to some
extent independent of each other.
The action of this machine when ridden is similar to that of a rear driving safety
bicycle, and with a rider used to that class of machine or an ordinary bicycle requires
no springs between the two frames to keep it upright, the skill of the rider main-
taining a balance by the use of the steering handle assisted by the gyroscopic action
of the front wheel being sufficient, but when off the machine the upper frame P P has
no support and rests on one or other of the driving wheels, as this may be objectionable
1 may render the frame P P automatically upright by suitable spring or springs or
may construct the frame as shown in Fig. 2 the upper frame P P is loosely telescoped
over the frontbone of the lower frame Q Q (partly shown in dotted lines) forming a
horizontal hinge or joint the two frames are so made as to form a cam G¹ the spiral
spring F keeping it close to its work yet allowing the upper frame P P to cant or
tilt when turning a curve Fig. 5 will serve to show the action of this machine in
turning a curve to the right or left.
Fig. 3 shows the upper frame P P mounted loosely on the front bone of the lower
frame QQ rendered automatically upright by the cain G' and spring F' but instead
of the seat pillar being mounted on the upper frame P P I mount it on the lower
frame QQ this will allow the handle bar and steering wheel only to cant the seat
remaining rigid on the lower frame QQ.
Fig. 4 shows a side elevation of a single tricycle the action of steering and balancing
being the same as in Fig. 1 but is constructed with a sliding frame fitted with springs
for reducing horizontal vibration and storing power for helping the wheels over
obstacles without checking the speed of the machine so much as hitherto.
Fig. 5 shows a back elevation of the same indicating by the dotted lines the relation
of one part with the other when turning a curve to the right or left AA are the
driving wheels QQ is the lower frame the details of which are the same as Fig. 1.
PP is the upper frame on which is mounted the seat handles and steering wheel, the
steering head L is here shown constructed with centres and the frame P P is made
without the stay shown in Fig. 1 allowing the machine to be used by either a lady or
gentleman.
The secondary front bone J is telescoped loosely over the front bone D of the
lower frame forming the horizontal joint or pivot but is also constructed to slide
horizontally against the spiral springs G G and is thus kept in an intermediate
position, should either of the wheels meet with any uneveness or obstruction the
frames slide one over the other compressing either the front spring G or the back
spring G which not only reduces the horizontal vibration but also has the effect of
storing power for pushing the wheel or wheels over the obstruction as will be easily
seen.
Instead of making the frames to slide one in the other I may make them to rock
one over the other as shown in Fig. 6 on the front bone D of the lower frame Q Q
I may connect the front bone J of the upper frame P. P. by the rocking jointed
links H H and connect the frames by the spiral springs G. G¹ in tortion as a means
of reducing the horizontal vibration or storing power for lifting the wheels over
obstacles 1 also may in some cases make these links of thin steel in order to allow the
upper frame sufficient flexibility to cant round the curves and thus doing away with
the horizontal joint as before described.
Fig. 7 and 8 show a method of rendering the upper frame of Figs. 4 and 5
automatically upright without interfering with the sliding movement necessary for
reducing vibration &c. QQ is the lower frame, P P, the upper frame sliding and
canting one on the other as already shown in Figs. 4 and 5, on the frame Qis
formed a V shaped ridge R on which is fitted the cam S sliding in the socket T
formed on the arm U which is made adjustable on the seat pillar K for the purpose of

page_text: regulating the pressure of the spring V on the cam S rendering the frames
automatically upright in the various machines herein described this may also help
some riders in maintaining the balance especially with beginners, and in the case of a
lady riding the machine 'it is almost a necessity for mounting and dismounting.
It is obvious that these machines may be constructed as tandems either convertable
or non-convertable, for instance I may fit the large front steering wheel with propelling
gear, seat and handles thus making the three wheels driving wheels, and by bringing
the handles forward each side from the seat pillar the machine is open fronted (in the
case of the front rider) and is therefore suitable for a lady in this case the back rider
would steer and maintain the balance for the two; or I may construct another form
of tandem by fitting an extra seat and handles on the back part of the upper
frame PP and an extra chain and propelling gear on the lower frame the
handles may be connected by rods or other suitable appliance or the steering and
balance may be under the control of one rider only.
The
I may also build a tandem with the tube leading from the steering wheel forming
the upper frame (described herein as P P in the above machines) and carried and
jointed below the front-bone of the lower frame QQ and again brought up at the
back the two seats and handles being mounted thereon in a suitable manner.
position of the driving axle may be either between the two riders or may be situated
behind the back rider, machines may be made to accommodate three riders by coupling
both the described attachments to one velocipede.
Fig. 9 shows a side elevation and Fig. 10 a plan of a front steering tricycle
constructed to travel more safely round curves at high speed and yet not to require
the skill used in riding a bicycle or the above described Tricycles A A are the driving
wheels mounted on the balance geared axle B revolving in bearings connected to the
bridge C on this is fixed the front-bone D carrying the bracket E and propelling
gear, rotary motion is imparted to the main axle by the chain F the slack of which is
taken up by the forked rod G on the end of the front bone D some little distance in
front of the pedals I fix the transverse tube H on each end of this I joint the tubular
radial arms JJ working on adjustable centres K K or other suitable joints, these are
carried forward in an inward direction and are again jointed but with ball or other
suitable universal joint L L to a short axle M on which revolves the steering wheel N
(preferably a large one) the back part of the left arm (sitting on the machine) is
fixed the crank O (shown only in Fig. 10) extending inwards, sliding in this is the
stud P connected with the short crank Q. This is fixed to the shaft R shown partly
in dotted lines this works in the tube or socket rising at a suitable angle from the
main frame and together is called the steering post, on the shaft R is fixed the handle
bar U for the purpose of steering. I may employ instead of a handle bar one or
more spade shaped handles for the purpose of making the machine more open
fronted connecting them with the radial arms J J by a rack and pinion or other
suitable appliance a spring and cam-may be used to render the machine automatically
straight in its course if desired; The action of this machine as indicated by the
dotted lines in Fig. 10 is:- that if the rider turns the handle bar (or other suitable
handle) say to the right the action causes the radial arms J. J. to point to the left and
at the same time turns the steering wheel N in the reverse direction corresponding
with the turn of the handle bar this places the steering wheel while turning to the
right considerably to the left causing the steering wheel and the left driving wheel to
run in almost the same track :-in other words the steering wheel is thrown on tho
left side of the machine in turning to the right and on the right side in turning to
the left, by placing the joints or steering centres K K on the back of the radial arm
at an angle to lean in at the top towards the steering wheel the effect is to cant or tilt
the wheel out of the upright in turning a curve (see Fig. 10) causing it to be placed
in a position similar to that described in reference to the first machines shown on
Sheet.1 and 2.
In making a tandem on this principly I simply add a seat and spring, propelling
gear and handle which may or may not be connected with the steering wheel N, if
coupled I prefer to use rods placed below the axle out of the way.

page_text: The above method of mounting the steering wheel is also of value in constructing
sociables as by it a tricycle of this description may be built much narrower than
hitherto without increasing the liability of overturning.
Fig. 11 shows a plan of a sociable tricycle built according to this invention.
A A are the driving wheels which I prefer to be about thirty or thirty two inches
diameter on these placed about thirty or thirty two inches apart these are mounted on a
suitable balance geared axle B having 4 ball bearings C. C. C. C. one either side each
hub on these are fitted the fork D D, horizontally or at an angle in place of front bones
the propelling gears EE are placed in front of the driving wheels near the crown of
the forks each being connected to the main axle by separate chains FF preferably
placed on the inner sides of the wheels A A, from the crown of the two forks DD are
the two steel tubes G G each fixed to the ends of the transverse tube H. on the ends
of which are the steering heads or joints KK on which work the radial arms J J
provided with the ball joints L L carrying the axle M on which revolves the steering
wheel N similar to Figs. 9 and 10 U. U are the handle bars fixed to the shafts R. R.
shown in dotted lines working in the posts SS, on the bottom of the shafts R. R.
are fixed short cranks or levers W W on which are jointed the rods TT to connect
the steering handles U U to the radial arms J. J. Fig. 10 will serve to show the
action of steering, the main difference being that both handle bars are connected and
move in unison with the steering wheel, VV are the saddles or seats mounted on
adjustable seat pillars rising from the main frame and shows the position of the
riders over the driving wheels, suitable dress guards may be placed over each wheel
and also the propelling gears; by making the handles and seats to slide or fold down
the machine may be conveniently carried sideways through a doorway measuring a
little over the diameter of the wheels.
Fig. 12 is a side elevation of a sociable tricycle (built on the same lines as Figs. 4
and 5) Fig. 13 is a plan of the same the dotted line a. b. showing the position of
Fig. 12 removed to more clearly show the construction of the frame. A A are the
driving wheels mounted on a balance geared axle B. C. C. C. C. are the bearings
attached to the forks D. D. from the crowns of which steel tubes (shown in dotted
lines) are carried and fixed to the ends of the transverse tube H from the centre of the
transverse tube H is fixed a short steel tube D' (also shown in dotted lines) this is
carried backwards some little distance at the same angle as the fork and tube D. D.
the propelling gears E. E. are mounted on the tubes D. D. through which rotary
motion is imparted to the axle B by the chains F. F. the whole of this portion together
I will call the lower frame QQ as in Figs. 4 and 5, over the tubes or front bones D. D.
are loosely telescoped the tubes J. J. and forms part of the bent tubes J1 J1 on the
back parts of these are mounted the seats and springs K K and on the forward parts
steering heads L. L. moved by the handle bars O. O. fixed to these steering heads are
the levers O, on the middle of the tube D' is loosely telescoped the short tube J2 from
which is carried the bone J ending in the steering head L., on the top of the fork M
in which revolves the steering wheel N the upper frame as described is formed of
three parts composed of the two frames J J and the centre frame J³, and together
will cant on the three lower horizontal joints and will hereinafter be referred to as the
upper frame PP as in Figs. 4 and 5 parallel with the three lower joints or pivots is a
rod S having three joints connecting the three upper frames forming the upper
frame P P, the rod T is universally jointed to the levers 01 O and 0 for the purpose
of connecting the steering handles with the steering wheel N, in some cases I may
connect only one handle bar making the other rigid the upper frame P P is made to
slide and tilt on all three joints connecting it with the lower frame QQ and is
provided with spiral springs G, G1 G2, for reducing the horizontal vibration and
helping the wheels over obstructions; The action of this machine is similar to the
single machine Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 will serve to show the action round curves, the.
difference being that the upper frame P P is formed of three parts these three parts
canting or tilting in unison with the riders on the lower frame Q, Q, springs or cams
may be used to render the seats automatically upright as hereinbefore described, it will
now be seen that both riders may maintain a balance together as on a bicycle.

page_text: Fig. 14 shows a plan of a narrow sociable tricycle the steering of wbich is exactly
the same as described in reference to Fig. 12 and 13. The two driving wheels A A
each revolve in forks D D no balance geared axle being used, the tubes J¹ J¹ are
continuations of the forks D D the propelling gears E. E. being mounted thereon
with the chains F. F. for transmitting motion to the wheels A A, the tubes J' J' are
bent upward forming the outer frames and carry the steering heads L. L. these outer
frames J J are are mounted on the cross tube H by the adjustable centres G G in
the middle of the cross tube H is mounted on adjustable centres G₁ the centre rocking
frame J carrying the steering wheel N, the rod S, S, couples up the three frames and
allows them to cant or tilt with the driving wheels parallel with each other in travelling
round a curve to the right or left.
In all cases where necessary the frames may be fitted with springs and cams for
rendering the frames automatically upright.
The space between the two driving wheels of the sociables may be utilized for
carrying luggage.
In all cases the frames of the machines herein described may be fitted with springs
substantially as herein described for reducing horizontal vibration, when a bicycle of
the rear driving type is fitted with this means of reducing vibration details must vary
accordingly.
.
3)
I would have it distinctly understood that I am aware that horizontal joints have
been used with and without springs on various machines for allowing one wheel to
pass over an obstacle without affecting the other; I am also aware that velocipedes
have been previously constructed so that one part of the frame may cant or tilt about
a horizontal or inclined longitudinal axis upon the other part of the frame, also that
they have been constructed with spring arrangements for reducing horizontal
vibration and assisting the passage of the wheels over obstructions.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is,
1. In a single or tandem tricycle making a frame carrying the steering wheel,
handle bar and seat, to cant or tilt with the rider or riders round a curve on a joint
or pivot placed horizontally or at a suitable angle on a lower frame carrying the
driving wheels and propelling gear, without the intermission of springs or cam,
substantially as described with reference to Figs. 1, 4 and 5.
2. In the frame or frames of single or tandem tricycles inserting a joint or hinge
horizontally or at an angle in such a manner that the rider or riders maintain a natural
balance as on a bicycle substantially as herein described.
3. Inserting in a tricycle a joint or joints in such a manner that the handles and
seat or seats on which the rider or riders are mounted may cant, or tilt with the
steering wheel round curves independently of the propelling gear attached to the
lower frame carrying the driving wheels substantially as herein described and
illustrated.
4. The methods of rendering the upper frames described as P. P. automatically
upright on the lower frames described as QQ substantially as described and for the
purpose stated.
5. Constructing the frames of velocipedes in such a manner that one or more parts
may slide or rock in or over each other against suitable springs substantially as
described with reference to Figs. 4, 5, 6, 12 and 13 for the purpose of reducing
horizontal vibration and assisting the wheels in surmounting obstructions.
6. In a single, tandem or sociable tricycle mounting the steering wheel on radial
arms in such a manner that the action of turning the arms to the right or left causes
the steering wheel to turn in a reverse direction corresponding with the turn of the
handle substantially as described in Figs. 9, 10 and 11.
7. In a single, tandem or sociable tricycle mounting the steering wheel on radial
arms in such a manner that the action of steering causes the steering wheel to cant or
tilt on the left side of the machine in turning to the right, and on the right in

page_text: turning to the left substantially as herein described in reference to Fig. 9. 10
and 11.
8. In a sociable tricycle mounting a triple rocking frame called the upper
frame PP by horizontal joints or pivots in such a manner to the lower frame QQ
that the two riders may maintain a balance and cant and tilt with the steering wheel
round a curve independently of the driving wheels and propelling gears substantially
as described in Figs. 12 and 13.
9. In the frame of a sociable tricycle inserting horizontal joints or centres in such a
manner that the two driving wheels and steering wheel may cant or tilt together with
the riders round a curve substantially as described in Fig. 14 of the accompanying
drawings.
10. The various methods herein described for making the frames or wheels of
tricycles to cant or tilt with or without the riders substantially as herein described
and for the purpose stated.
Dated this 22nd day of May 1888
CHARLES KINGSTON WELCH.