IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR MEANS FOR DRYING AND OTHERWISE TREATING ANIMAL, VEGETABLE, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Fredrick Hoyne, of Kingstown, in the County of
Dublin, Ireland, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR
MEANS FOR DRYING AND OTHERWISE TREATING ANIMAL, VEGETABLE, AND
OTHER SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 19th December 1879, and dated the 2nd July 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Fredrick Hoyne at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd July 1879.
JAMES FREDRICK HOYNE, of Kingstown, in the County of Dublin, Ireland.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR MEANS FOR DRYING AND OTHERWISE TREATING
ANIMAL, VEGETABLE, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES.”
My Invention relates to the apparatus described in the Specification to Letters
Patent granted to me dated the 22nd December 1876, No. 4961, and has for its
object rendering the apparatus more efficient and obtaining a more useful effect
from a given quantity of the heating, cooling, or drying agent employed.
One part of my present Invention relates to the superheater, which I construct
of a series of pipes or pipes of an equivalent shape placed one behind the other
and connected at each end with partitioned chambers, so arranged that the steam
shall be caused to pass to and fro by a circuitous route through the whole series of
pipes in succession, the pipes being heated at their exterior by a furnace or other
suitable means. These pipes I partially fill with slag or other incombustible heat
conducting material, so that the steam by being caused to pass through the interstices
of the sing or other filling material shall be baffled and finely divided, and thus more
readily extract heat from the surface of the pipes and also take up heat from the
slag or other filling material. I prefer to construct the pipes of graduated sizes,
the first pipe being of comparatively small diameter and the others gradually
increasing in size to the last pipe, which is of relatively large diameter; or the same
effect may be obtained by making the pipes of a uniform diameter and suitably
proportioning the filling material, or by reducing the diameter of the pipes by
means of cores of a graduated size.
Another part of my Invention relates to the air-heating cylinder, which I
construct either with a filling material similarly to the superheater or of tubes,
wire-drawn, by means of central wires or other suitable heat-conducting cores, s0
arranged that an annular passage is formed for the air, which will thus more readily
extract heat from the sides of the pipe and also take up heat from the internal
cores; or I may construct the internal cores hollow for the passage of superheated
steam, which will thus act on both sides of the annular column of air by radiation
through the metal or material forming the exterior and interior of the pipes.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent and
of an Order of the Lord Chancellor filed by the said James Fredrick Hoyne in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st January 1880.
JAMES FREDERICK HOYNE, of Kingstown, in the County of Dublin, Ireland.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR MEANS FOR DRYING OR OTHERWISE TREATING
ANIMAL, VEGETABLE, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES."
My said Invention relates to apparatus or means for drying manure, malt, and
cereals, and heating, cooling, drying, or disinfecting other substances, and it has
reference to a former Invention in respect of which Letters Patent were granted to
me dated the Twenty second December, One thousand eight hundred and seventy six,
No. 4961, the object of my present Invention being to render the apparatus
described in the Specification to my said former Letters Patent more efficient and
obtain a more useful effect from a given quantity of the heating, cooling, drying, or
disinfecting agent employed.
One part of my present Invention relates to the superheater, which I construct
of a series of pipes, or pipes of an equivalent shape, placed one behind the other
and connected at each end with partitioned chambers, so arranged that the steam
shall be caused to pass to and fro by a circuitous route through the whole series of
pipes in succession, these pipes being heated at their exterior by a furnace or other
suitable means. These pipes I partially fill with slag or other incombustible heat
conducting material so that the steam by being caused to pass through the inter-
stices of the slag or other filling material shall be baffled and finely divided, and
thus more readily extract heat from the surface of the pipes and also take up heat
from the slag or other filling material. I prefer to construct the pipes of graduated
sizes, the first pipe being of comparatively small diameter and the others gradually
increasing in size to the last pipo, which is of relatively large diameter; or the
same effect may be obtained by making the pipes of a uniform diameter and
suitably proportioning the filling material, or by reducing the diameter of the pipes
by means of cores of a graduated size.
Another part of my Invention relates to the air heating cylinder, which I
construct either with a filling material similarly to the superheater or of tubes,
wire-drawn by means of central wires or other suitable heat conducting cores, so
arranged that an annular passage is formed for the air, which will thus more
readily extract heat from the sides of the pipe and also take up heat from the
internal cores; or I may construct the internal cores hollow for the passage of
superheated steam, which will thus act on both sides of the annular column of air
by radiation through the metal or material forming the exterior and interior of the
pipes.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall refer to
the several Figuras on the annexed Sheet of Drawings, the same letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts in all the Figures.
Figuro 1 of the accompanying Drawings represents a sectional elevation of an
apparatus constructed according to my said Invention for heating, drying, or
disinfecting animal, vegetable, and other substances, and Figure 2 is a part plan
and part horizontal section of the same.
A is a superheater contained within a chamber B heated by a fire at a; C is a
cylindrical chamber containing a cluster of tubes D fitted to tube plates a¹, a¹;
E is an air distributor placed above the flooring b of a loft or other apartment.
Steam from a boiler or exhaust steam from an engine or other source is admitted
at c to the superheater A so as to be raised to a more elevated temperature therein
and then passes by a pipe d into the chamber C around the tubes D, whence it
finally escapes at a reduced temperature or in a wholly or partially condensed
condition at e, whilst through the interior of the tubes D air is forced by means of

page_text: a fan or blower F, the said air being heated by the passage of the superheated
steam at the exterior of the tubes, and being thence conducted into the air distri-
butor E, on which the substance to be dried or otherwise treated is placed, all as
described in my said former Specification.
According to my present Invention I construct the super-heater A of a series of
shaped pipes which are connected at their opposite ends respectively to two
chambers or tubes G, G, arranged longitudinally along opposite sides of the fire
place a, and divided into compartments by partitions h, h. The steam admitted
at c into the chamber G being intercepted by the first partition h is caused to pass
along the first pipo into the chamber G, where, being intercepted by the first
partition h, it is caused to return through the second pipe to the chamber G, but
to the opposite side of the first partition h; the steam thence passes into the next
pipe and then returns by the fourth pipe to the further side of the second partition h,
and so on in succession throughout the whole series of pipes to the outlet & leading
to the cylinder C, the alternating arrangement of the partitions h, h', having the
effect of causing the steam to pass to and fro by a circuitous route in its passage
froin the inlet c to the outlet à in order to be subjected for a considerable period to
the heat of the furnace a so as to be become highly superheated. The pipes ƒ are
partially filled with slag or other incombustible heat conducting material, through
the instertices of which the steam thus passes; by this means the steam is baffled
and finely divided so as more readily to abstract heat from the surface of the pipes
and also take up heat from the slag or other filling material. I prefer to construct
the pipes of graduated sizes, as shewn, so as to admit of the increasing expansion of
the steam as the temperature thereof is raised, the first pipe into which the steam
enters being of comparatively small diameter and the others gradually increasing in
size to the last pipe, which is of relatively large diameter, but a similar effect may
be produced by making the pipes of a uniform diameter and reducing the area of
their passage by suitably proportioning the quantity of filling material or by
introducing cores of graduated sizes.
Another part of my present Invention relates to the construction and arrange
ment of the tubular apparatus C and consists in either partially filling the tubes D
through which the air passes with slag or other suitable heat conducting material,
or in wire drawing or restricting their area by means of central heat conducting
cores D¹. When the latter modification is adopted it is preferred to make the cores
hollow so as to form inner concentric tubes, as shewn, the same being fitted at their
lower ends in a tube plate i and at their upper ends in the tube plate a¹; steam is
then introduced into the interior of the tubes D¹ by a pipe & as well as at the
exterior of the tubes D by the pipe d, so that the annular column of air which
flows between the external surface of each tube D' and the internal surface of each
tube D is acted upon by the steam by radiation through the metal or material
forming the exterior and interior of the tubes. By these means not only is an
increased heating surface obtained but the particles of air are brought more
intimately into contact with such surface so as more readily to take up or abstract
heat from the same. A cock is provided at 2 for the escape of any water of con-
densation from the lower part of the apparatus C. When the apparatus is intended
for cooling purposes the apparatus A becomes a refrigerator, the fire being dispensed
with and a cooling liquid or agent being caused to circulate around the tubes and
cool a liquid or agent passing through them; the apparatus C also becomes an air
cooling apparatus, the cooled liquid or agent being substituted for steam so as to
cool the air forced through the apparatus.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said In-
vention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original,
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the hereinbefore in part
recited Letters Patent is,-
First. The peculiar construction and arrangement of superheater or refrigerator,
substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described.

page_text: Secondly. The peculiar construction and arrangement of tubular air heating or
air cooling apparatus, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Frederick Hoyne, have to this my
Specification set my hand and seal, this Ninth day of January, One
thousand oight hundred and eighty.
TAMES FREDERICK HOVNE