Apparatus for use in Rectifying Spirits and other Matters.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Dec., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 19th Sept., 1890—Accepted, 25th Oct., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Apparatus for use in Rectifying Spirits and other Matters.
We BOGDAN HOFF, Professor, of Jaroslau and JULIUS FROMMEL, Estate Agent of
Pawlosiow both in Galicia, Empire of Austria do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is an apparatus for rectifying or separating mixed
vapours. The apparatus is suitable therefore for use in many industrial processes in
which such proceeding is required for instance in the rectification of spirits.
The apparatus consists of a series of closed vessels, each divided into two or more
superposed chambers by means of domed partitions each said partition having in its
centro a short pipe or orifice for communication of the chambers. Each of the series
of vessels is connected to the next in series by a pipe extending from the upper part
of the former to the lower part of the latter. Pipes are also connected to the vessels at
the base or lowest part of each chamber to carry off the condensed matters into a
common outlet or otherwise. In the lower chamber of each vessel on a suitable per-
forated false bottom or grating is a stack of condensing blocks filling said chambers.
These blocks are made of suitable symmetrical shapes with passages made through
them and are of smooth and dense surface or material impervious to the action of the
vapours treated in the apparatus and non-absorbent. Said blocks may be of poly-
hedron, cylindrical or spherical shapes and the perforations be straight or curved the
object being to increase the area of surface as much as possible while leaving the
surface smooth for the running off of the condensed liquids. The said apparatus will
need no artificial cooling, the atmosphere surrounding the vessels being sufficient.
The number of the vessels in the series will depend on the nature of the vapours treated
and the degree of rectification required.
Dated this 19th day of December 1889.
HERBERT & Co.,
Agents to Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Apparatus for use in Rectifying Spirits and other Matters.
We, BOGDAN Horr, of Jaroslau, Galicia, Professor, and JULIUS FROMMEL, of
Pawlosiow, Galicia, Estate Agent, both in the Empire of Austria, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of this invention is an apparatus for rectifying or separating mixed
vapours. The apparatus is suitable therefore for use in many industrial processes in
which such proceeding is required, for instance in the rectification of spirits.
The distilling apparatus generally used in distilleries heretofore does not fulfil the
purpose of obtaining pure and strong alcohol immediately from the fermented mash,
but is solely intended to produce the greatest quantity of spirit from the fermented
substance even if in impure condition. The purifying of the raw spirit was left to a
special branch of the distillery namely to the refining.
The cause for the division of production of the alcohol into two separate branches
of manufacture lies mainly therein with the method used heretofore for obtaining
spirit, that a distinct separation of the alcohol-vapour from its attendants (especially
from the fusel-oil and water) could not be obtained at once with the construction of
the distilling apparatus as heretofore used since the alcoholic vapours in the progress
of purifying were carried in contact with the singlings or wash during the whole
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page_text: duration of the distillation, so that the wash should be heated by the spiritous vapors
and the spirit become removed thereby.
However with the great absorbing power of the alcohol for fusel-oil and water the
alcoholic vapors were impregnated always afresh with fusel-oily and watery vapors
during intimate contact with the heated wash so that the spirit although often strong
was always impure.
The improved apparatus rests upon the opposite principle, i.e. upon the utmost rapid
separation of the alcohol from the water and fusel-oil and upon the avoidance of the
repeated contact of the alcohol with the heavy ingredients of the vapor-mixture, which
has become condensed, this process and principle being perinilted since
1) The alcohol once separated from the fusel-oil is not only carried away from the
locality of its formation but also out of the apparatus itself and
2) Nevertheless all the alcohol contained in the wash and fusel-oil is completely
obtained.
The apparatus consists of a series of closed vessels, each divided into two or more
superposed chambers by means of domed partitions, each said partition having in its
centro a short pipe or orifice for communication of the chambers. Each of the series
of vessels is connected to the next in series by a pipe extending from the upper part
of the former to the lower part of the latter. Pipes are also connected to the vessels
at the base or lowest part of each chamber to carry off the condensed matters into a
common outlet or otherwise. In these chambers or certain of them of each vessel, on
a suitable perforated false bottom or grating is a stack of condensing blocks filling
said chambers.
These blocks are made of suitable symmetrical shapes with passages made through
them and are of smooth and dense surface or material impervious to the action of the
vapors treated in the apparatus and non-absorbent. Said blocks may be polyhedron,
cylindrical or spherical shapes and the perforations be straight or curved, the object
being to increase the area of surface as much as possible while leaving the surface
smooth for the running off of the condensed liquids. The said apparatus will need no
artificial cooling, the atmosphere surrounding the vessels being sufficient. The
number of the vessels in the series will depend on the nature of the vapours treated
and the degree of rectification required.
In order that this invention may be more conveniently carried into practice I have
appended hereto a sheet of drawings.
In accordance with this principle the apparatus consists of hollow vessels Fig. 1,
each of which consists of several chambers g' g² g³g more or less, with the flooring
grates bb bb and the domed tube-lids or diaphragms c¹ c³ ³. Each of these spaces
is provided with a powerfully acting refining device consisting of perforated refining
bodies hereinafter described and is provided with a discharge-pipe el e³ ³ for the con-
densed liquor said pipes terminate in the collecting pipe a is the inlet pipe for the
raw vapors, & the outlet pipe for the vapors so far refined, said outlet pipe leading
to the next hollow vessel or in the case of the last of the series may be connected
with a refrigerator according to requirements. The construction and the nature of
the perforated refining bodies situated in the refining arrangements is as follows:
They are made of any material indifferent to the liquids to be distilled and their
shape is so that they offer the largest possible cooling surface to the rising spirit
vapor, whilst permitting the condensed fusel-oil and water to flow off as quickly as
possible into the outlet pipes e¹ to e³.
1. The largest possible cooling surface at and in those bodies is obtained firstly
by the outer shape (see Fig. II), this may be of the greatest variety viz. :
Spheroidal as for instance in Fios

page_text: cooling surface and compel the spirit vapor to divide and to cool down. The channels
nay run in straight or curved lines and cross one the other at all kinds of angles.
It is found that when the channels cross one the other something like the meshes
na net (for instance Figs. k, f, g, b, c, e, d) the best effect of refining is obtained.
This body has therefore been termed a reticulated refining body.
II. The quickest possible removal of the fusel-oil and the water is obtained likewise
by the system of perforations, but it is to be observed that the separate bodies and
orifices are not made in sufficiently large dimensions, to avoid the effects of capillary
attraction hindering the whole refining process, as for instance stopping up the
intervals between the separate bodies with the liquid and preventing the outflow of
the same and also the passage of the vapors, the use of small glass-cylinders,
glass-beads, and small porcelain-bodies or pieces of wire etc., which possess neither
a sufficient surface nor an interior canalisation and therefore have a disturbing
influence upon the refining-process, is completely excluded here.
The shape of the reticulated condensing bodies to be chosen for the distilling
apparatus, their number, also the number, height and width of the refining-vessels,
depends upon the volatility of the liquid to be distilled and must therefore be deter-
mined specially for each distilling-plant.
It is of course optional to retain the different liquors from the various pipes el e² ed
separately or to allow them or any number of their to flow together into a common
receiving pipe as f, Fig. 1.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
•
1. For rectification of alcohol or fractional condensation the apparatus consisting in
the series of vessels forming different compartments fitted with perforated condensing
bodies as herein described with outflow pipes for condensed liquor.
2. The apparatus consisting in a series of vessels Fig. 1 each divided into chambers
by the perforated floors b' etc., and the domed roofs c¹ etc., the latter having openings
for passage of vapors as set forth, a stack of the heroin described condensing bodies in
each chamber or in some of them and outflow pipes e¹ etc., to said chambers.
3. The herein described condensing bodies for the purpose, said bodies being
shaped and channelled or perforated in the manner described in dimensions sufficient
to avoid the effect of capillary attraction.
1000
Babad Chys
of September 1890.
HERBERT & Co.,
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicants.
HERBERT & Co.,
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicants.