IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-CONDUCTING AND ELECTRO-GENERATING APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR MEDICO-ELECTRIC AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Isac Louis Pulvermacher, of 168, Regent Street,
in the County of Middlesex, Electrical Engineer, for the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-CONDUCTING AND ELECTRO-GENERATING
APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR MEDICO-ELECTRIC AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Isac Louis Pulvermacher
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 18th September 1872.
I, ISAC LOUIS PULVERMACHER, of 168, Regent Street, in the County
of Middlesex, Electrical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-CONDUCTING AND ELECTRO-
GENERATING Apparatus or AppliaNCES FOR MEDICO-ELECTRIC AND OTHER PURPOSES,
and in ApparatUS FOR MEASURING and GraduatING ELECTRIC CURRENTS," to be
as follows:-
:-
This Invention relates to various apparatus or appliances for establish-
ing and maintaining continuously or intermittently electrical currents,
such apparatus or appliances in some cases being capable of adhering to
A

page_text: The human body when apprca thereto, and in others to be amxed by
cords, tapes, or bands.
The Invention also relates to apparatus or appliances for measuring
and graduating the strength of such currents.
In the manufacture of adhesive electro-generating appliances I stick
one or more sheets or leaves of thin metal upon paper or other tissuc,
I then stamp or cut the metalized body into any suitable shape or device
and stick it on to another body of a flexible impermeable nature, such
as cloth or skin, leaving interstices or spaces upon which the same or
other sticky or adhesive substance has been placed to permit of the whole
adhering to the human body when applied, taking care to so arrange the
exposed metal that the edges or borders are within the area of the outer
body to enclose the dampness or moisture which is to excite the current
of electricity. The metalized body can be serrated, notched, or formed
with projections, between which corresponding projections of the opposite
electro-motor body can be arranged in voltaic groups with regular voltaic
contact amongst each other; the metalized body with the conducting
wires being connected by clamps, pins, or studs, preferably with heads
and stems or prongs, which can be turned or bent down upon the outside
of the impermeable body after being passed through it and the metalized
body. The exposed metal can thus be used for what is known as dry
metallic conduction," but by covering it or their surfaces, if more than
one metal is employed, with paper or other absorbent of moisture I can
establish what is known as "wet conduction," the absorbent material
being moistened when the metalized surface is applied to the body.
The metallic surfaces can also be grouped through one of them being
perforated or made openworked, so that the opposite metal on the other
body may appear between or in the interstices of the first metal, and
one or more central plates may be used in combination with the groups
for establishing what may be called an electro-generating medium
within itself; thus a galvanic battery is formed the moment the exciting
liquid supplied is imbibed. These self-adhesive celctro-generators can
in some cases have a fine spirally wound or twisted wire formation of
tube inserted or secured into and between the flies of fabrics or tissues
to ensure flexibility, the tube being first covered with a fibrous body by
braiding or otherwise. The exciting fluid is forced through this braided
covered tube for moistening the absorbent material preferably by a

page_text: flexible or collapsible vessel for maintaining a continuous flow of the
liquid for the time being.
With regard to electro-generating appliances to be secured to the
person by tapes or bands I make them in any form to suit the part to
which they have to be applied.
In the case of respirators I first arrange wires of opposite electrical
properties in conductable connection, and set them in contact with the
poles of the battery carried upon the person by means of flexible con-
ducting cords, or in some cases I dispense with the battery and arrange
the wires in a manner to generate electricity by themselves through
the exhalations of the breath when the apparatus is applied to the
mouth.
The battery may be composed of a cluster of plates of flat, curved, or
cylindrical form to compose perfect elements in themselves, these being
folded or rolled and put into contact with the electro-conducting medium
or plaster or the electro-conducting respirator, as the case may be. The
elements may have depolarizing chemical compound cores (solid or
hollow) in them, which can be renewed at will by simply pushing out
the old one and pushing in a new one for maintaining the intensity of
the current in a constant and a simple manner, as also to facilitate the
cleansing of the elements. These cores can be made up of one metal
enveloped in felt or other porous material, in which perforations or
spaces have been made for receiving the chemical compound; its direct
contact with, say the zinc, being prevented by a film of porous fibrous
texture tissue interposed between them, the chemical compound being
permitted to be in contact with the negative metal only.
The wires, if wires are used, can be dipped or otherwise coated by
a paper pulp or a moistened sheet to find a lodgment in the interstices
or openings, the paper may be compressed and formed with channels for
receiving and retaining the compound.
In making the elements they are stamped from sheet metal, open-
worked or not, with a couple of hook shaped projections or prongs, in
the inner faces of which notches can be formed for receiving rings of
india-rubber when making up a chain of any given length, the plates
having also the projections with apertures in them to enable the chain
to be transformed from one of small metallic surface in which electricity
of tension is obtained to one of large metallic surface to obtain

page_text: electricity of quantity, cords being passed through the holes to keep
the elements in the position necessary for this purpose. The edges of
these plates or some of the edges, while the plates are flat, are covered
by a fillet or edging for taking on to both sides and retaining a tissue
(textile or otherwise) in position to insulate it from the plate, and to
maintain the insulation after the plate is rolled or bent into circular or
other form, the tissue having been previously cemented on.
The edging or fillet can be burred down or pinched in a press to
prevent it shifting during the turning or rolling.
The prongs of one plate are made to go inside the cylindrical portion
of the next adjoining element, and a space is left for the conduit of the
exciting fluid to enter and moisten both the core which may be in this
case is of flat or crescent form, and the lining tissue. I form an extra
projection or tongue on the plates to put them into contact to produce
electricity of quantity when the chain is suspended on the cross bar
uniting the two cords, in which case the tongues cause the contact
among all the copper cylinders, whilst the insulated edges, which are in
contact throughout with each other, establish the connection between
all the zincs, but when the chain is reversed and suspended upon the
end link the india-rubber rings become momentarily crushed, and the
prongs of each clement then touch the edges or the representative of the
zinc of the neighbouring ones and electricity of tension is the result.
By pushing wedges between the elements at intervals the voltaic
contacts can be maintained. The simple means thus given enables me
to convert any desired number of elements of a chain into quantity or
intensity.
The chain can be made up in platinum or platinized metal in which
the zinc is substituted by platinum coated with platine black to form
a polarizing pile by putting it in relation with corresponding elements
of a constant battery.
A portion of the outsides of the cylindrical plates may be covered
with rubber or other insulator stretched over them, or otherwise applied,
for preventing the outer metal of one layer when rolled up touching
the next one which would otherwise produce what are known as false
contacts or derived currents, and permits the exciting of the whole
elements by dipping the rolled up block into the liquid to the extent of
the uncovered surfaces of the elements.

page_text: My apparatus for ascertaining and measuring the strength of the
current of electricity passing through one of my self-adhesive generators,
respirators, or chains is composed of a porcelain disc with two spiral
grooves or channels running from the centre to the outer edge; one of
these grooves is filled with prepared carbonaceous mixture upon which a
small roller upon a rod is caused to bear, the roller moving outwards or
inwards through another roller running in the other groove or channel
as a guide, the two channels being parallel one to the other for that
purpose. The inner end of the rod upon which the rollers are is upon a
central pivot, the stem of which passes down a hole in the disc, where one
of the battery wires is attached, the other battery wire being passed
through another hole and put into contact with the prepared carbona-
ceous mixture.
The conduction from the central pivot stem is passed through an eye
and carried upon one leg of a bow or arch from the centre of which a
suspension galvanometer multiplicator of spiral construction is arranged
by the conduction being wound round its exterior many times, and
tlicu up to the other leg of the bow or arch, down which it is led, and
through an eye to the other pole of the battery. The clectricity passing
through these series and carbon mixture produces a deflection of the
galvanometer index more or less according to the balancing of the
resistance to be taken out from or added to the circle by the movement
of the pulley upon the carbon paste, the degree of intensity can be read
off with freedom. The galvanometer multiplicator is composed of two
dished or hollow glasses fitted in a ring frame supporting a bent needle,
this being acted upon by the wire which is wound round the exterior of
the frame. The moving needle passes behind a scale or division to
indicate the degree of deflection and therefore the intensity or strength
of the current.
I compose an exciting liquid of a mixture of hypermanganate of
potash, bichloride of potassium, and common salt dissolved in water, for
producing constant currents by single exciting liquid. In this case I
make the plates of pure nickel, nickelled German silver, or other
nickelled metals in lieu of making them of copper.

page_text: filed by the said Isac Louis Pulvermacher in the Great Scal
Patent Office on the 18th March 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ISAC LOUIS
PULVERMACHER, of 168, Regent Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Electrical Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Isac Louis Pulvermacher, Her special
licence that I, the said Isac Louis Pulvermacher, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Isac Louis
Pulvermacher, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-CONDUCTING AND ELECTRO-GENERATING
APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR MEDICO-ELECTRIC AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND IN
APPARATUS FOR MEASURING AND GRADUATING ELECTRIC CURRENTS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Isac Louis Pulvermacher,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Isac Louis Pulvermacher, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
Drawings hereunto annexed, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to various apparatus or appliances for establish-
ing and maintaining continuously or intermittently electrical currents,
such apparatus or appliances in some cases being capable of adhering to

page_text: the human body when applied thereto, and in others to be affixed by
cords, tapes, or bands.
The Invention also relates to apparatus or appliances for measuring
and graduating the strength of such currents.
In the manufacture of adhesive electro-generating appliances I stick
one or more sheets or leaves of thin metal upon paper or other tissue,
I then stamp or cut the metallized body into any suitable shape or
device, and stick it on to another body of a flexible impermeable nature,
such as cloth or skin, leaving interstices or spaces upon which the same
or other sticky or adhesive substance has to be placed to permit of the
whole adhering to the human body when applied, taking care to so
arrange the exposed metal that the edges or borders are within the
area of the outer body to enclose the dampness or moisture which is to
excite the current of electricity. The metallized body can be serrated,
notched, or formed with projections, between which corresponding
projections of the opposite electro-motor body can be arranged in voltaic
groups with regular voltaic contact amongst each other, the metallized
body with the conducting wires being connected by clamps, pins, or
studs, preferably with heads and stems or prongs, which can be turned
or bent down upon the outside of the impermeable body after being
passed through it and the metallized body. The exposed metal can thus
be used for what is known as 'dry metallic conduction," but by
covering it or their surfaces, if more than one metal is employed, with
paper or other absorbent of moisture, I can establish what is known as
"wet conduction," the absorbent material being moistened when the
metallized surface is applied to the body.
6
The metallic surfaces can also be grooped through one of them being
perforated or made openworked, so that the opposite metal on the other
body inay appear between or in the interstices of the first metal, and
one or more central plates may be used in combination with the groups
for establishing what may be called an electro-generating medium within
itself. Thus a galvanic battery is formed the moment the exciting
liquid supplied is imbibed. These self-adhesive clectro-generators can
in some cases have a fine spirally wound or twisted wire formation of
tube inserted or secured into and between the plies of fabrics or tissues
to ensure flexibility, the tube being first covered with a fibrous body
by braiding or otherwise. The conducting fluid is forced through this

page_text: braided covered tube for moistening the absorbent material, preferably
by a flexible or collapsible vessel for maintaining a continuous flow of
the liquid for the time being.
With regard to the electro-generating appliances to be secured to tho
person by tapes or bands I make them in any form to suit the part to
which they have to be applied.
In the case of respirators I first arrange wires of opposite electrical
properties in conductable connection, and set them in contact with the
· poles of the battery carried upon the person by means of flexible
conducting cords, or in some cases I dispense with the battery and
arrange the wires in a manner to generate electricity by themselves
through the exhalations of the breath when the apparatus is applied
to the mouth.
The battery may be composed of a cluster of plates of flat, curved,
or of cylindrical form to compose perfect elements in themselves, these
being folded rolled and put into contact with the electro-conducting
medium or plates or the electro-conducting respirator, as the case may
be. The elements may have depolarising chemical compound cores
(solid or hollow) in them, which can be renewed at will by simply
pushing out the old one and pushing in a new one for maintaining the
intensity of the current in a constant and a simple manner, as also
to facilitate the cleansing of the clements. These cores can be made
up of one metal enveloped in felt or other porous material, in which
perforations or spaces have been made for receiving the chemical
compound, its direct contact with, say the zinc, being prevented by a
film of porous fibrous texture tissue interposed between them, the
chemical compound being permitted to be in contact with the negative
metal only.
The wires, if wires are used, can be dipped or otherwise coated by
paper pulp or a moistened sheet to find a lodgment in the interstices
or openings; the paper may be compressed and formed with channels
for receiving and retaining the compound.
In making the elements they are stamped from sheet metal, open-
worked or not, with a couple of hook-shaped projections or prongs, in the
inner faces of which notches can be formed for receiving rings of india-
rubber when making up a chain of any given length, the plates having
also other projections with apertures in them to enable the chain to be

page_text: transformed into one of small metallic surface in which electricity of
tension is obtained to one of electricity of large metallic surface, cords
being passed through the holes to keep the elements in position
necessary for this purpose. The edges of these plates or some of the
edges while the plates are flat are both covered by a fillet or edging for
taking on to both sides and retaining a tissue (textile or otherwise) in
position to insulate it from the plate and to maintain the insulation
after the plate is rolled or bent into circular or other form the tissue
having been previously cemented on.
The edging or fillet can be burred down or pinched in a press to
prevent it shifting during the turning or rolling.
The prongs of one plate are made to go inside the cylindrical portion
of the next adjoining clement, and a space is left for the conduct of the
exciting fluid to enter and moisten both the core, which may be in this
case of flat or crescent form, and the lining tissue. I form an extra
projection or tongue on the plates to put them into contact to produce
electricity of quantity when the chain is suspended on the cross bar
uniting the two cords, in which case the tongues cause the contact
among all the copper cylinders, whilst the edges, which are in contact
throughout with each other, establish the connection between all the
zincs; but when the chain is reversed and suspended upon the end link
the india-rubber rings become momentarily crushed, and the prongs of
each element then touch the edges or the representative of the zinc of
the neighbouring ones, and electricity of tension is the result.
By pushing wedges between the elements at intervals the voltaic
contacts can be maintained. The simple means thus given enables
me to convert any desired number of clements of a chain into quantity
or intensity.
The chain can be made up in platinum or platinized metal in which
the zinc is substituted by platinum coated with platine black to form
a polarizing pile by putting it in relation with corresponding elements
of a constant battery.
A portion of the outsides of the cylindrical plates may be covered
with rubber or other insulator stretched over them, or otherwise applied
for preventing the outer metal of one layer when rolled up touching the
next, which would otherwise produce what ts known as false contacts or
derived currents, and permits of exciting the whole element by dipping

page_text: the rolled up block into liquid to the extent of the uncovered surfaces
of the clements.
My apparatus for ascertaining and measuring the strength of the
current of electricity passing through one of my self-adhesive generators
respirators or chains is composed of a porcelain disc with two spiral
grooves or channels running from the centre to the outer edge. One
of these grooves is filled with prepared carbonaceous mixture upon
which a small roller upon a rod is caused to bear, the roller moving
outwards or inwards through another roller running in the other groove
or channel as a guide, the two channels being parallel one to the other
for that purpose. The inner end of the rod upon which the rollers arc
is upon a central pivot, the stem of which passes down a hole in the
disc where one of the battery wires is attached, the other battery wire
being passed through another hole and put into contact with the pre-
pared carbonaceous mixture.
The conduction from the central pivot stem is passed through an cyc,
and carried up one leg of a bow or arch, from the centro of which a
suspension galvanometer multiplicator of special construction is arranged
by the conduction being wound round its exterior many times, and then
up to the other leg of the bow or arch, down which it is led and through
an eye to the other pole of the battery. The electricity passing through
these wires and carbon mixture produces a deflection of the galvanometer
index more or less according to the balancing of the resistance taken out
from or added to the circle by the movement of the pulley upon the
carbon paste the degree of intensity can be read off with freedom. This
galvanometer multiplicator is composed of two dished or hollow glasses
fitted in a ring frame supporting a bent needle, this being acted upon
by the wire which is wound round the exterior of the frame. The
moving needle passes behind a scale or division to indicate the degree of
deflection, and therefore the intensity or strength of the current.
I compose an exciting liquid of a mixture of hypermanganate of
potash, bichloride of potassium, and common salt dissolved in water, for
producing constant currents by a single exciting liquid. In this case I
make the plates of pure nickel, nickelled German silver, or other
nickelled metals in lieu of making them of copper.
My Invention will be understood by reference to the following
detailed description, and to the annexed Sheet of Drawings.

page_text: Figure 1 represents an inside view of one form of my adhesive plasters
(electro-generative). The part marked a is of metal leaf, first secured
upon paper or other tissue, and afterwards stamped out or cut with a
series of pointed projections or tongues b, b. The back of this metallized
tissue is then coated with an adhesive substance, and caused to adhere
upon a backing c of fabric, skin, or other body of a flexible impermeable
nature. The exposed portions of the metallized face of the backing can
then be coated with the same adhesive body, or the whole face of the
backing can be first coated for the reception of the metallized tissue, as
found convenient. By this means the exposed portions are already
covered to enable those portions to lodge in close contact with the skin
of the wearer when applied to the affected part of his body. It will be
seen that the metallized tissue is within the area of the plaster, so that
when the plaster is fixed in position all portions of the metal leaf are
enclosed and kept free from contact with the atmosphere, the adhesive
substance on the edges or border of the plaster enabling the fixation to
the body. I fit a headed stud or disc d upon the tissue, and this being
in connection by its pins or other attachment with the conducting wire e
from a small battery in the pocket of the wearer, establishes what is
known as "dry metallic" conduction. The metallized tissue can be cut
into any shape, and used singly, as just described, or it can be used in
connection with the opposite electro-motor f, as shown in Figure 2, in
which case the wires e, g, from the two poles of the battery would be
connected with the studs or pins attached to the opposite metallized
tissues, the two metals of the tissues being arranged in voltaic con-
nection as an element. These plasters can be made up to any dimensions
by placing the metallized tissue elements, say as in Figure 3, to the
end ones of which the battery wires e, g, are attached, as before
explained, taking care in every instance to prevent the admission of air
to the metals when the plaster is applied to the person.
The flexible tube I propose to employ is composed of fine conductable
wire wound spirally upon a mandril, and which, when covered by a
fibrous body braided thereon, ensures the perfect pliability of the tube,
and also a perfect insulation of the wire for electrical purposes.
In cases when making a pad with no adhesive substance at the edges
or borders, I employ tapes or binders at the corners or other parts, by
which it can be secured upon the part of the body to be treated. The
conductable flexible tube is arranged in the pad between the layers of

page_text: fabric, and on pressure being applied to the reservoir the liquid flows
through the tube and wets or moistens the absorbent lining fabric, the
outer fabric being of an impermeable nature.
Figure 4 shows a face view of another construction of adhesive plaster,
and in which the face of the sheet of paper a or other absorbent material
is printed or impressed with an ink or a matter composed of graphite,
tin, or a conductable metal in powder, this to be used alone or admixed
with bioxide of manganese, or the oxide of manganese can be used alone.
The paper is perforated, and the central portion is cut to form fold-over
picces, as at b, Figure 5, which picces are, when turned back, caused to
bear upon the face of a button c on the back face d of the backing
sheet at or about the centre, upon the whole surface of which however
the adhesive substance is first spread. The pins e, e, of this button are
passed through the backing, and are turned down upon the front face of
the fabric, having connected to them the wire leading from the battery.
The whole of the printed face of the paper is in position for action upon
the part of the body which it touches, and it is kept close in contact by
the adhesive substance exuding through the perforations and by the
adhesive substance at the edges or borders. The material forming the
backing (plaster) may be printed upon direct. By this means the
printing upon a separate sheet is obviated.
A modification of this is composed of the same kind of paper sheets,
only the printed surface is placed nearest the adhesive surface of the
backing. The plain side of the paper will consequently be the side
touching the body of the wearer. The paper proposed to be used is that
known as water leaf, a spongy kind of paper of great tenacity and
pliability. This is moistened by the perspiration thrown off from the
body sufficient to make the plasters conductable, as before explained,
the electricity coming through the paper with the moisture to act upon
the body.
The paper in most cases is impregnated with a hygrometric salt or
chemical compound, having a contrary irritating action upon the skin,
thus conducting with ease an electric current of low tension without a
burning sensation.
Figure 6 shows an arrangement of metallized tissue plaster for what is
known as "wet conduction." In this case the metallized body is covered
by an absorbent material and with a tube h of flexible material for con-

page_text: veying exciting liquid to the metallized tissue, the liquid being squeezed
through the tube from a reservoir i, such as I have shown in the Figure),
which is kept charged for the purpose. This plan is applicable for the
single metallized tissue plaster or for the double one. In every case the
edges or border of the plaster is provided with an adhesive substance,
such as dyachlyon or sparadrap, to cause the plaster to adhere to the
body of the wearer, and with the metallic tissue enclosed for producing
the proper electrical conducting action.
Figure 7 represents a flexible electric conductor, adhesive or not, in
which the tube wire or wires have affixed to them the ends of a metallic
conducting thread j, sewn between the absorbent and the impermeable
bodies in a zig-zag manner, the absorbent being supplied with con-
ducting liquid by the continuation of the braided portion, which is
enclosed in the border of the pad for that purpose, one end of the tube
being in connection with the liquid reservoir, the opposite end of the
tube being attached to the wire e* of the battery. If this pad is not
adhesive it can be held to the part affected by tapes sewn upon the edges
or corners.
Figures 8, 9, and 10 show what I term an electro-conducting respi-
rator, to be fitted upon the mouth of a person for inhaling electricity into
the throat and chest for relieving throat diseases, asthma, pulmonary and
other complaints. The respirator is composed of a short flat core of
pliable permeable material, over which wires and threads k are wound
spirally, the terminals of the wires and threads being clamped in end
caps 1, 1, to one of which a wire e of one pole of the battery is attached,
as also a tape or ribbon m for fixing the respirator in place, the other
cap having a tape only. The outer ends of these tapes have a small
plate or catch n attached, and this enables, by the aid of a short length
of rubber web the securing of the respirator in place. This catch
plate n is of conductable metal, and the wire g of the other pole of the
battery is attached to it for completing the current.
Electro-generating respirators can be made self-acting and independent
of a separate battery by making it as a battery of itself. The wires,
plates, or metallized tissues of negative metals are arranged in suitable
voltaic connection with other wires, plates, or tissues of the opposite or
positive metal in a manner corresponding to the arrangement described
with reference to the chains and bands of my previous and of present
Patents. The self-generative action of this respirator is by the exhalation

page_text: of the breath moistening the fibrous and other threads chemically pre-
pared, and charging them with electricity excited by the dampness,
which electricity is inhaled by the wearer each time he inhales
fresh air.
In the manufacture of voltaic bands and belts of novel construction
and according to this Invention 1 form the core or main supporter of
longitudinal threads, Figure 11, with edge cords q parallel to them, on
which the zinc and copper wires, flat, round, or other shape, are wound,
insulated from each other by fibrous threads laid between them. The
latter are surrounded by a spirally wound thread so as to allow access
for easy absorption of the exciting liquid. The zinc and copper wires
are set in voltaic contact in the manner shown in my previous Patents.
Instead of using the edge cords I use sometimes a hollow web of fibrous
texture, through which the existing liquid is pressed from an elastic
reservoir with which they are connected, thus allowing the wetting of
the band by irrigation.
Instead of one flat zinc and copper wire I use sometimes two or more,
and treat them with reference to voltaic connection as if they were one,
in order to obtain more flexibility and ease of manufacture.
Figure 11 shows a band or belt of this construction as one element,
while in that shown at Figure 12 the band is divided into a number of
elements for forming a voltaic battery. The ends of both examples are
clamped in end caps 1, 1, as in Figure 9.
The chain batteries forming the next part of my Invention are shown
in the following Figures :—
Figure 13 is a view of a copper plate a cut or stamped into square or
rectangular shape, but with ears, lugs, or projections b, b, from two of the
side edges, these projections having also prongs c, c, pointing towards each
other thereon; each of the projections is holed to enable a series of the
plates when rolled up into tubular form, as in Figure 14, to be laced or a
threaded upon cords d, d, to form a chain, as hereafter described and
shown in Figure 15; the prongs are notched on their inner faces or
edges at e, e, for retaining small rubber rings,, in position when
sprung over the points, also as in Figure 15; cach plate before being
rolled up has two of its edges covered by a metallic fillet or cap g, which a
has been previously lined with a tissue of fibrous texture, which fillet is
bent and clamped tightly in position before the plate is rolled into a

page_text: tubular shape, and is held in place during the rolling so that it becomes
rolled up with the plate, forming thereby a holding medium for the zinc
which is to be placed in the interior.
The meeting edges of the plate when it is rolled into cylindrical form
are not permitted to touch each other, consequently the prongs of a
neighbouring tube can be pushed through the slit to enable a chain of
any desired length to be made up. In first doing this however the
rubber rings are pushed down to the bend of each of the prongs to
permit of the points of the prongs being inserted freely, after which the
rubber rings fare forced down into the notches and within the cylindrical
portion of the neighbouring tube or link to hold the two links in con-
nection, the zinc of each link also of tubular form, Figure 14*, or gutter
form, Figure 15, and with a slit corresponding to the former slit being
first inscrted.
In each zinc tube I fit a short length of fibrous body, such as cotton
or paper, as an absorbent of the liquid by which each link or element is
excited. The chain thus made up a voltaic connection is established by
the contact of the prongs with the fillets, which in its turn is in metallic
contact with the zinc, forms thus a voltaic battery of a tension pro-
portional to the number of the elements or links in the chain. But on
the edge projection X and another projection y formed on the face of
the fillet all the fillets and all the copper cylinders can be set in contact
together when the links which are threaded upon the cords are pushed
or crushed together, whereby all the zincs and all the copper portions of
the elements are converted into an element of large surface.
I have referred to the plates as being rolled into tubular or cylindrical
form, but I do not restrict myself thereto as they may be flat or eliptical
as in Figures 16 and 17, or of any other form and shape, as also those
hereafter referred to, the zinc being also shaped to correspond (hollow or
solid).
Figure 18 represents a plate a', cut or stamped into a different form to
those last described. Here the projecting prongs c are from the side
edge instead of the top edge, one being from the top, and one from
about the centre. The top edge of this has a lined fillet or cap g, and
when the plate is rolled or bent into the desired form the central prong c
of the next clement is passed into the slit at the meeting edges of the
next cylinder, and also into the slots in the body. At the portion of

page_text: cach clement or each alternate one between the two prongs I fit a
ferrule of rubber t, to prevent the copper tubes touching each other at
ordinary times when the chain is made up, as in Figure 19, the depth
or length of the ferrules being sufficient to prevent a play at the opposite
ends of the links. The zinc cores for these as for the former cylinders
or links can be perforated at top and bottom, into which thread can be
passed to prevent contact between the zinc and the copper, or each of the
zincs can be enclosed in a fibrous body both inside and outside, the inside
portion of the fabric or tissue forming a holding medium for retaining a
chemical compound within it or loose fibres such as is used for candle
wicks if found necessary.
In order to connect a portion of the surfaces of the zinc and copper
together for a proportioned increase of quantity and accordingly a
diminished tension, I employ between the links sliding bars u, Figure 20,
which bars are placed between the elements; these bars having their
central portious stamped out and formed hollow, into which hollow a
block or bulb of hard insulating material is fitted when the sliding bar is
drawn up so as to bring it into the position shown at Figure 21, it will
maintain the adjoining elements at a distance apart, but by pushing the
bar u down, as in Figure 22, the elements are free to touch to bring
about the contact between the copper cylinders, and also the pro-
jections of the bodics of the elements as well as the projections w of
the fillets with the fillets of the neighbouring elements, thereby multi.
plying by indirect conductable contacts the contacts between the zinc
and the copper surfaces.
If as before explained the sliding bar u is drawn upwards, as in
Figure 21, the bulb wedges itself between the tongue projection v,
separating the tongue and the cylinder projections v', and the adjoining
cylinder by which the fillet projections w are separated from the
adjoining fillet, but the prongs are put into contact with the inner faces
of the fillets with which the zincs are in conductable connection to
establish voltaic contact for those elements of a given number for
forming a separate battery or series of compound elements of determined
electrical quantity or tension at will.
The fillets in some cases are only at the edges of the cylinders like:
beadings, as in Figure 23, and these are retained in place by fitting over
the burred out edges of the cylinder a, shown in Figure 21, and edge
view Figure 25, the plate from which this cylinder is made being shown

page_text: separately in Figure 26, separate views, top and bottom of this ring or
bead fillet being shown in Figures 27 and 28, and in section Figure 29.
Figure 30 shows a cylindrical element of copper with one portion
enveloped in rubber for the purposes explained with reference to
Figure 19, otherwise the cylinder is like those shown in Figure 21, with
the exception of the projections at the ends; in this case the projections c
are formed with loops or cyes c' made by turning two portions of the
projection over upon the body of it, through which eyes cords can be
passed to string them upon to produce multiplicity of contact as
described for Figure 19, both eyes at each end being on the same side of
the projections.
In Figure 31 I have shown a series of cylinders upon cords d', the
cylinder projections having one eye on each end formed by turning the
portion over upon the body, the other eye being formed simply by a hole
in a portion of the projection turned or bent nearly at right angles so as
to put the holes and the eyes in a line to prevent the cylinders over-
lapping when pushed into close contact as would be sometimes the case
where the single eyes, Figure 15, are used. This disadvantage however
would only happen upon extraordinary pressure being exerted.
Figure 32 shows a few cylindrical elements of openworked plates
strung upon cords; the upper portions of the cylinders are covered or
enveloped in rubber, the lower parts being left exposed, so that when
dipped or immersed in excitable liquid the proper electrical excitation
can take place. These openworked cylinders are lined or cored with a
zinc plate, over which a fine muslin or lawn fabric is pasted, this
covering having a coarse perforated fabric or canvas upon the outside of
it, as shewn in Figure 33, where is the zinc; c, the fine-meshed fabric;
and
P, the coarse fabric. This combination core is rolled into cylindrical
form to fit the interior of the openworked copper cylinder, or of any of
the other cylinders.
Figure 34 represents a number of the elements rolled into spiral form
to put them into order for dipping into a trough of liquid, by which
folding and dipping they become charged to act as a battery.
Figure 35 is a view of a few copper cylinders, into which zinc cores fare
placed, the zincs having each a shoulder y at one end, as in Figure 36, to
rest upon the insulated fillets g of the copper cylinders a. The coarse fabric
being coated or its meshes filled with a depolarizing chemical compound.

page_text: The last part of my Invention is shown in Figures 37 and 38 in elevation,
and in plan Figure 39, and consists of an appreciating regulator and
graduator of currents, which act as a regulator only, as appreciator only,
or which can unite these two functions. It is composed of a disc of
moulded porcelain & provided upon one of its faces with spiral and parallel
grooves. One of these grooves u is full of graphite or other paste of
inferior conductability, while the other remains empty. At the
centre of the disc is a pivot x with a button z¹ and a rod x". This
rod carries two pulleys y, z, fixed and loose upon circularly and longi-
tudinally upon the rod x", so that in turning the button x' to the right
or left the pulleys separate or advance to the centre of the disc. The
pulley y rests upon the graphite guided by the pulley which rolls in
the groove v.
Two conducting wires leading from a battery, the electric
current are attached to screw buttons on the outside of the disc, to one of
which a wire A is fitted leading from the bottom to the end graphite nearest
to the centre of the spiral, the other wire B leading from the other button
to the pivot x will cause the current to traverse a variable length of the
graphite according to the road which has been imparted to the pulley y
tangentially in contact with the graphite after passing through the
suspension galvanometer, as hereafter described. The multiplicator
galvanometer is hung in order to recognize the intensity of the current;
it is composed of a magnetized needle, which takes its balance without
adjustment. Two rods c of arched form start from the disc t; they
are connected and isolated one from the other at the point D, and
support the suspension galvanometer by means of two intermediary
chains 6, united to the rod B, which follows the arrows, and makes
repeated turns in the annular groove in the periphery E before pro-
ceeding to the pivot x. This crown is open at its middle, and provided
upon its two faces with a glass bull h, upon which are marked con-
venient indicating divisions in relation with the curved magnetized
central interior needle F moving upon its pivot G, the points of which
are free upon bearings placed diametrically in the crown E.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,—
Firstly. The manufacture of self electro-diffusing adhesive plasters of
the kind shown and described with reference to Figure 1 of the Draw-

page_text: Secondly. I claim the electro-generating adhesive plasters, sub-
stantially as shown and described with reference to Figures 2 and 3 of
the Drawings.
Thirdly. I claim the manufacture of electro-diffusing and generating
adhesive plasters, shown and described with reference to Figure 4 of the
Drawings.
Fourthly. I claim the printing of paper or other such like body,
with a paste or ink composed mainly of a metallic or conductable
substance, substantially in the manner and for the purposes set forth;
also the means of establishing or promoting electro-generating or
electro-conducting currents for curative purposes by such plasters; as
described.
Fifthly. I claim the electro-diffusing pad or wet conduction of the
electricity to the part of the body, as described and shown in Figure 6;
I also claim the manufacture of pads, as shewn in Figure 7, as and for
the purposes set forth.
Sixthly. I claim the manufacture of hollow conducting cords serving
for conducting liquid, and also the electricity from a battery to a wet
conducting pad, or other electro-conducting instrument for medical
O application, as described.
Seventhly. I claim the manufacture of electro-diffusing and electro-
generating respirators, as and for the purposes set forth, or any mere
modification thereof.
Eighthly. I claim the manufacture of electric bands, and belts,
3 and similar articles with longitudinal threads, upon or over which the
electro-motor wires and other threads are wound in a spiral direction,
and whether such exterior wires and threads are continuous as one
element or divided into many elements, as herein-before described and
shown.
) Ninthly. I claim the manufacture of cylindrical elements from plates
with prongs or projections, and with insulated fillets, in the manner and
for the purpose set forth.
Tenthly. I claim the modified constructions and forms of plates shewn
in the several Figures, all in the manner described and shown; and also
5 the application of such plates when rolled up, mounted with the insu-
lated capped ring-shaped carriers of the zinc cylinders, as described and
for the purposes set forth.

page_text: I. L. PULVERMACHER. (L.S.)