Improvements in or relating to Machinery or Apparatus employed in the Manufacture of Bricks; Tiles, and other Forms.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 24th June, 1897.
Complete Specification Left, 24th Mar., 1898-Accepted, 11th June, 1898
:
Improvements in or relating to Machinery or Apparatus employed in
the Manufacture of Bricks; Tiles, and other Forms.
I, RICHARD SCHOLEFIELD, of Burley Vale Mills, Kirkstall Road, Leeds, in the
County of York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates. to that class of machinery or apparatus employed in the
manufacture of bricks, tiles, or other forms made of clay, or other plastic or
semi-plastic material.
Hitherto in machinery or apparatus employing one or more rotating cylinders
it has been customary to partially form the brick, tile, or other form, all of which
are hereafter termed and included in the term "brick," in a mould and then
allow the air to escape before completing the final pressure and formation thereof.
Now the object of the present invention is to partially form the brick in the
mould of a rotating cylinder, and afterwards to automatically transfer it to the
mould of the brick press where the formation is completed, and to provide means
for automatically operating tlie various parts of the machinery performing the
several operations from the driving shaft of the machine.
According to this invention on suitable framework are mounted in bearings
the driving shaft of the machine, and the rotating cylinder, as well as the plunger
or pug, the hopper, the table of the mould of the press, and other moving or
operating parts of the machine. At a suitable distance from the driving shaft
(on which is mounted fast and loose pulleys and a fly wheel) is provided and
mounted in bearings on the framework of the machine, a crank shaft which is
connected to the driving shaft by suitable gearing. The reciprocating plunger is
coupled to the crank shaft by means of a connecting rod! For intermittently
rotating the cylinder containing the mould and inner plungers on one of the
trunnions of the cylinder is mounted a ratchet wheel in the teeth of which a pawl,
-mounted upon a pendant lever, is made to work. The heel of the pawl is
coupled by a connecting rod to a crank pin fixed to the spur or other wheel on the
crank shaft. On the same trunnion as that upon which the ratchet wheel is
mounted, may also be mounted and fixed a mitre wheel or segment. With this
mitre or other wheel or segment may be made to engage a mitre or other wheel or
segment mounted on, say, a vertical shaft carried in suitable bearings formed on
or fixed to the framework of the machine. Or an intermittent radial motion may,
if desired, be imparted to the said vertical shaft direct from the crank by an
arrangement of eccentric or crank pin, connecting rod and lever, or it. or their
equivalents. On the said vertical shaft may also be mounted say horizontally a
lever, which may be connected by, say, a rod with a plunger working in suitable
guides (in or on the table) across the machine. This last named plunger is
employed for conveying a brick that has been formed and partially pressed in a
mould in the rotating cylinder, but which has been ejected therefrom on to the
table, into the mould of the pressing and finishing portion of the machine.

page_text: The plungers of the portion of the machine which is employed for finishing the
pressing of the brick are operated as follows:-
The upper plunger is attached to a head arranged to reciprocate in suitable
vertical guides formed for its reception in the framework. Motion to the upper
plunger is imparted thereto from a pin fixed to a disc, mounted on the crank
shaft, through a connecting rod one end of which is coupled to a pair of toggle
levers, the ends of which are respectively jointed to the framework and to the
reciprocating head. The lower plunger is attached to a lever fulcrummed to the
framework. On the said lever, between its fulcrum and the plunger, is formed or
fixed a projecting cam piece provided with an incline and enlarged parallel portion
at a suitable distance from its free upper end. The incline and enlarged upper
portion of the said projection are arranged to work against a runner mounted on
the reciprocating head. By this means the lower plunger is operated simultane-
ously by and from the upper plunger, and by means of the incline the upper
plunger is allowed a slight advance movement to the lower plunger, and by the
time the runner has say mounted the incline the brick will have been raised level
with the top of the mould. Whilst the runner is travelling upon the enlarged
parallel portion of the projecting portion the lower plunger remains stationary.
The other portions of the machinery not particularly explained may be, both as
regards construction and position to each other, arranged and operated in the
ordinary manner, and the bricks may be ejected from the mould of rotary cylinder
and also removed from the table of the machine on to an incline by usual and
ordinary means.
Dated this Tarantin third
1007
Improvements in or relating to Machinery or Apparatus employed in
the Manufacture of Bricks, Tiles, and other Forms.
I, RICHARD SCHOLEFIELD, of Burley Vale Mills, Kirkstall Road, Leeds, in the
County of York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to that class of machinery or apparatus employed in the
manufacture of bricks, tiles, or other forms made of clay, or other plastic or
semi-plastic material.
Hitherto in machinery or apparatus employing one or more rotating cylinders
it has been customary to partially form the brick, tile, or other form, all of which
are hereafter termed and included in the term "brick," in a mould and then
allow the air to escape before completing the final pressure and' formation thereof.
Now the object of the present invention is to partially form the brick in the
mould of a rotating cylinder, and afterwards to automatically transfer it to the
mould of the brick press where the formation is completed, and to provide means
for automatically operating the various parts of the machinery performing the
several operations from the driving shaft of the machine.
In the drawings hereunto annexed Fig. 1 is a front elevation of a stiff "-plastic
machine and press combined constructed according to this invention. Fig. 2 a
side elevation, and Fig. 3 a plan looking at the top of same machine, Fig. 4.a detail
of a portion of the machine.
Figs. 5, 6, and 7 are respectively a front elevation, a side elevation, and a plan

page_text: looking at the top of a combined semi-plastic brick making machine and press
constructed according to this invention. Fig. 8 an enlarged part side elevation
showing means for operating the rotating cylinder of the brick making machine
from the top.
Like parts in all the views are marked with similar letters of reference.
The front ends of both the stiff-plastic and semi-plastic machines are same,
except that the stiff-plastic machine is shown provided with a pug instead of a
plunger as is shown for the semi-plastic machine and the pug is driven from a
counter shaft and gearing instead of being actuated by a crank shaft as is the case
when a plunger is employed. I would however have it distinctly understood that.
either a pug or a plunger may be used in either case as desired.
On suitable framework A are mounted in bearings the driving shaft B of the
machine, and the rotating cylinder C, as well as the cylinder or box D plunger or
pug (provision is made for a pug being employed on the "stiff"-plastic machine
shown at Fig. 1, and for a plunger being used for semi-plastic machine shown at
Fig. 5) the hopper E, the table 1 containing the mould G of the press H and other
moving or operating parts of the machine.
All the above described parts may be of the usual and ordinary construction
and the intermittent rotating cylinder of the brick making or forming portion
of the machine may be fitted with the usual plungers operated in the ordinary
manner.
At a suitable distance from the driving shaft B (on which is mounted fast and
loose pulleys I J and a fly wheel J shown only at Fig. 7 in the drawings) may be
provided and mounted in bearings on the framework of the machine.
At Figs. 5 to 7 a crank shaft K is employed for operating the plunger of, say,
a semi-plastic machine and which crank shaft is used in place of the counter
shaft K shown in the drawings at Figs. 1 to 3 and which counter shaft is prefer-
ably employed for "stiff "-plastic machines. In either case (crank shaft or
counter.shaft) it is connected to the driving shaft B by suitable gearing L, shown
in the drawing at Figs. 1 to 3 with helical gearing, that is bevel wheels with V
teeth, and at Figs. 5 to 7 by spur gearing. The reciprocating plunger when
such is employed,- as at Figs. 5 to 7, is coupled to the crank shaft K by means
of a connecting rod M', but in the case of the machine shown in the drawings at
Figs. 1 to 3 where a pug is employed, the latter is mounted on the shaft M to
which a rotary motion is transmitted from the driving shaft B by spur gearing N.
For intermittently rotating the cylinder C,-containing the mould and plungers,
working therein, on one of the trunnions c of the said cylinder is mounted a
ratchet wheel O, with the teeth of which engages a pawl P adjustably or otherwise
mounted upon a lever P₁ (shown pendant at Fig. 2 so as to swing freely and loosely
on said trunnion c, but at Fig. 8 to work above its centre) a stop P is provided
on to the pawl for retaining it in position when the stop comes in contact with the
lever P¹. The heel of the of the pawl P'is coupled by a connecting rod P² to a crank
pin P3 fixed to the spur or other wheel L on the crank or counter shaft. In the
drawings at Figs. 2 and 3 the crank pin P3 is shown fixed to the larger wheel of
bevel gearing L mounted and fixed upon the counter shaft K. But at Figs. 6
and 7 the crank pin is shown fixed to the spur wheel L which is mounted and
keyed on the crank shaft. A second lever P, as at Fig. 8, may if desired be
employed, in which case the ratchet wheel O is interposed between the two
levers PP, and they are coupled together by a pin or bolt » which forms the
pivot for the pawl P.
On the same trunnion c as that upon which the ratchet wheel O is mounted
may also be mounted and fixed a mitre wheel or segment, a mitre segment Q
is shown in the drawings. With this mitre or other wheel or segement is made to
engage a mitre or other wheel or segement,-say, a mitre segment Q as shown,
mounted on a vertical shaft Q³ carried in suitable bearings Q³ formed on or fixed
to the framework of the machine. Or an intermittent radial motion may, if

page_text: desired, be imparted to the said vertical shaft direct from the crank by an arrange-
ment (not shown in the drawings) of eccentric or crank pin, connecting 'rod, and
lever or it or their equivalents. On the said vertical shaft Q is mounted horizon-
tally a lever Q connected by, say, a rod Q5 with a plunger R working in suitable
guides (in or on the table F) across the machine.
This last named plunger R is employed for conveying a brick that has been
formed and partially pressed in a mould in the rotating cylinder C, but which has
been ejected therefrom, and passed over a roller S carried in fixed bearings, on to
the table F, into the mould G of the pressing, and finishing portion of the
machine.
If desired the levers U and V shown at Fig. 8 (one of which is weighted) may
be respectively armed with runners n and catch and weight v¹ for retaining the
cylinder C in the required position during the time the pawl P is being moved
to engage with a fresh ratchet tooth. The said levers are jointed to the frame-
work A and the runners n and catch are made to enter recess C¹ formed in the
periphery of the cylinder C, or in the periphery of a disc attached thereto. The
lever U is armed on each side thereof with a runner a one of which may be raised
clear of the recess C when the other is acted upon by a cam W. The just described
arrangement of stop levers are not absolutely necessary to the working of the
machine.
The plungers G¹ and H of the portion of the machine which is employed for
finishing the pressing of the brick are operated as follows:--
The upper plunger H¹ is attached to a head H2 arranged to intermittently
reciprocate in suitable vertical guides H7 formed for its reception in the framework
of the press. Motion to the upper plunger H is imparted thereto from a pin H³
fixed to a disc K' mounted on the crank or counter shaft K through a connecting
rod H-
-one end of which is coupled to a pair of toggle levers H, the ends of
which are respectively jointed to the framework at h¹, and to the reciprocating
head H. The lower plunger G which intermittently reciprocates in the mould G,
is attached to a lever G2 fulcrummed at g to the framework A. On the said
lever G2, betwen its fulcrum and the plunger, is formed or fixed a projecting cam
piece G³ provided with an incline G and enlarged parallel portion G³ at a suitable
distance from its free upper end. The incline and enlarged upper portion of the
said projecting cam piece are arranged to work against a runner G mounted on
the reciprocating head head H. By this means the lower plunger G¹ is operated
simultaneously by and from the upper plunger H, and by means of the incline G4
the upper plunger is allowed a slight advance movement to the lower plunger,
and by the time the runner G6 has, say, mounted the incline G the brick will
have been raised level with the top of the mould G. Whilst the runner G6 is
travelling upon the enlarged parrallel portion Gs of the projecting cam piece G³
tlie lower plunger G₁ remains stationary in its mould.
The other portions of the machinery not particularly explained both as regards
construction and position to each other may be arranged and operated as well as
the clay or other material to be operated upon, passed to the hopper E and from
thence to the plunger or pug into the cylinder C, and the moulds lubricated in the
órdinary manner. The bricks may also be ejected from the mould of rotary
cylinder and also removed from the table of the machine, on to an incline 1 by
usual and ordinary means.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. The machinery or apparatus employed in the manufacture of bricks, tiles,
and other forms, which consists in combining with the moulding or forming
portion of the machine a pressing portion, and the means for automatically con-
veying the partially pressed' brick on its ejectment from the intermittent rotating

page_text: cylinder to the mould of the brick press for receiving the final pressing operation,
substantially as herein described and illustrated.
2. The arrangement and combination in a machine such as herein described
for making and forming bricks and other forms of the intermittently rotating
cylinder mounted on the framework of the machine and parts connected therewith
whereby the material to be operated upon is fed into and partially pressed into
shape in the mould of the said cylinder, and afterwards automatically transferred
into a mould in the brick press portion of the machine to undergo the final
pressing operation, substantially as herein set forth and illustrated.
3. In a combined brick making and pressing machine such as herein described,
the combination with the intermittent rotating cylinder C of a ratchet wheel 0,
operated by a pawl P mounted upon lever P¹ actuated from the driving shaft B
through gearing L, crank pin P3 and connecting rod P³, mitre gearing QQ,
vertical shaft Q mounted in bearing Q³, horizontal lever Q, connecting rod Q³,
and plunger R working upon table F, all arranged and operating as and for the
purposes set forth.
4. In a combined brick making and pressing machine such as hercin described;
the combination of the driving shaft B or crank shaft K, gearing L, disc K¹,
crank pin H³, connecting rod H, toggle levers H³, reciprocating head H2,
plungers HG mould G, cam piece G³ mounted as described on lever Ga pivoted
to the framework A and capable of being acted upon by a runner G6 mounted on
the reciprocating head for raising the plunger G all arranged and operating
substantially as herein described and as illustrated.
5. The arrangement and combination of the various parts forming the machine
as a whole, substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth.
Dated this Twenty-second day of March 1898.
RICHARD SCHOLEFIELD.