Improvements in Hot Water or Steam Apparatus for Heating..
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Sept., 1892-Accepted, 11th Feb., 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Hot Water or Steam Apparatus for Heating.
Purposes.
1. WILLIAM HENRY LAIRD, residing at 24 Mount Morris Avenue, in the City
of New York, in the County of New York, and State of New York, United States
of America, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of my invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and,
ascertained in and by the following statement:
:
This invention relates to hot water or steam apparatus for heating purposes; and
it consists essentially of a furnace provided with an upright tubular grate having a:
cone-shaped top, the apex of which is directly below the centre of the coal
magazine, which magazine is provided at its inner end with a funnel-shaped-month,
to distribute the fuel evenly to all parts of the fire-box, the walls of the said
funnel-shaped-mouth being continued downward to the base of the fire box toiformni
the walls of the fire-pot. The walls of the fire-pot are parallel or nearly so with
the outline of the upright grate, and it might here be stated that the grate. the
fire-pot-walls and the walls. of.the. coal magazine are. preferably made hollow.
to serve as water sections and are so arranged as to be in direct circulation:
with the remaining water-sections of the boiler and, with the flow .and. return
pipes.
"
1
The upright grate is supported on a hollow spindle, the lower end of which.
is journaled in upright water-tight-bearings formed in a water leg passing.
diametrically across the base of the fire-box and which connects the water space in.
the fire-pot-walls with the water space in the casing of the furnace. The upright
grate and hollow spindle are each provided with a diaphragm to divert the flow of:
the water from the water space in the casing through the said grate to the water:
space in the fire-pot-walls.
+
:'
Above the fire-pot are arranged a series of water-sections in circulation, with
the fire-pot-water-section and with each other and located..above the series of.
water sections. is a head with which all the water-sections of the furnace are.
in, circulation and to which are connected, the flow pipes leading to their respective:
destinations.
.
The casing of the furnace consists of double walls with a suitable water tight"
space between them, the whole of which space is utilized as water-section and to:
this water section are connected the return pipes.
The circulation of the water in this boiler is as follows:
The water enters. the water space in the furnace casing.by means of the return
pipes connected to the top of said water space and passes downward to the bottom:
of the said space to which is connected the water leg supporting the upright grate.
The water passes from the water space in the furnace casing through the said water,
leg and is there by means of a. diaphragm diverted to the said. upright grate.
through which it. circulates to the remaining part of said water leg. The water.
then passes from the water leg to the fire-pot-section through which it circulates)
to the first water-section located above the fire-pot. and then continues its circu-.
lation through each of the water-sections above the fire-pot to the water-head:
whence it is carried off by the flow pipes leading to their respective destinations...
This furnace is also provided with a downward draught through the fire-pot,
which draught assists the decomposition of the fuel and causes the carbonic gases
produced by such decomposition to be carried downward. through the said decom-
posing fuel and through the spaces between the bars of the upright grate into a
combustion chamber formed on the under side of said upright grate which com->
bustion chamber is supplied with an auxiliary draught of air, said auxiliary. draught:
:

page_text: gases produced by the decomposing
fuel to cause a second combustion to take place within said chamber, and this
second combustion entirely destroys the inflammable properties of the combination
and permits only the non-combustible elements of the gases to reach the outlet to
the chimney.
In the drawings :-
Figure is a vertical sectional view of my improved furnace for hot water or
steam heating purposes.
Figure 2 is a plan view of the same.
Figure 3 is an inverted sectional plan view of one of the water-sections.
Figure 4 is a perspective view of a part of one of the water-sections showing the
arrangement of the inlet and outlet ports.
Figure 5 is a cross sectional view on the lines - Figure 1.
Figure 6 is a view of an oven which may be substituted in the place of the water-
sections.
'
Like numerals of reference refer to like parts throughout the Specification and
drawings.
The furnace casing 1, consists of an inner shell 1*, and an outer shell 1, connected
together at the top and bottom. Between the shells 1 and 1 is a water tight
space 2, suitable for the purpose of a water chamber, and to the top of this water
chamber are connected the return pipes 3. Formed through the furnace casing 1,
are suitably protected openings 4, for the purpose of cleaning the top of each of the
water-sections 5' above the fire pot 6.
The water-sections 5 are located above the fire-pot 6, and each of these water-
sections consists of a hub.7, and a series of water arms 8 radiating from said hub.
Each of the water arms 8 consists of a tubular pipe triangular shaped in cross
section and of any desirable form. As shown in the drawings each of these water
arms consists of an isosceles triangle having an opening through its middle, the
equal sides of the triangle radiating from the hub 7. The object of making the
sections of the triangular shaped in cross section is to allow the ashes and soot to
drop off the arms into the fire-pot below.
In Figure 3 of the drawings each of the water-sections 5 is shown to consist
of six water arms radiating from. the hub 7, said hub and water arms being
hollow and cast in one piece to form a water chamber 7", which is divided into
six equal parts by diaphragms 13, radiating from the inner wall 7 of the hub
to the angle 8 formed by the junction of the inner tubular sides of said water
arms.
The hub 7 is shown in Figure 3 to be provided with three ingress ports 11,
and three egress ports 12 located alternately around said hub and equidistant
from each other, the ingress ports 11 being arranged on the lower side of said hub
and located in three alternate spaces between said diaphragms 13, and the three
egress ports 12 being arranged on the upper side of said hub and located in the
remaining three spaces.
Again by reference to Figure 3 of the drawings it will be noticed that the water
enters the water sections 5 by means of the ingress ports 11, and circulates upward
simultaneously through each of the adjacent tubes 6, of two adjacent arms 6, after
which it circulates around the base 6 of said water arms and then inward through
each of the opposite tubes 6 and enters the water chamber in the hub 7 which is
fitted with egress ports 12 and through these ports the water passes to the water
section next above and enters said water-section by means of said ingress ports 11,
circulating through each of said water arms as before described and continuing to
circulate from water-section to water-section until it reaches the water head 14 to
which is connected the flow pipes 15 from whence it is carried off by said flow pipes
to its respective destinations.
L
4
The inner face of the hub 7 is screw threaded to engage with the screw threaded
outer face of the coupling nipple 9, which coupling nipple 9 is provided on its inner
face with a holding surface 10, for the coupling tool or wrench. In threading the

page_text: inner face of the hub 7, I find it preferable to cut a right thread on the upper end
of the hub, and a left thread on the lower end of said hub. By providing the upper
half of said coupling nipple with a right thread and the lower half of said nipple
with a left thread, the nipple as it is turned by the coupling tool or wrench draws
the hubs of the two adjacent water-sections simultaneously towards each other.
The hubs 7 are rendered perfectly water tight by the insertion of any suitable
packing between them. As the nipple 9 and hubs 7 are subjected to the same
degree of heat they expand and contract uniformly and thus prevent the leakage
that is so common in sectional boilers where the coupling mediums and water
sections respectively are subjected to different degrees of heat.
The fire-pot 6 consists of an inner wall 16, and an outer wall 17 surrounding said
inner wall. Between the walls 16 and 17 is a water tight space 18 which serves as
a water chamber, which water chamber forms one of the water sections of said
furnace. The walls 16 and 17 are vertical to a point 16%, which point is also level
with the top of the vertical side of the upright grate 23. From the point 16 the
walls 16 and 17 gradually taper inward to the fuel magazine 17 formed by the
juncture of the hubs 7. Passing diametrically across the base of the fire-box and
connecting the lower end of the fire-pot-water-section 18 with the lower end of the
water space 2, in the furnace shell 1, is a water leg 19, and in this water leg are
formed vertical bearings 20 to receive the lower end 21 of the spindle 22 supporting
the upright grate 23.
The lower end 21 of the spindle 22 is provided with an ingress port 24, and withi
an egress port 25, and dividing the said spindle 22 into two parts is a diaphragm 26
to divert the course of the water in its passage across the water leg 19, into the
upright grate 23 through which it circulates and becomes heated by the fire above
the said grate.
The upright grate consists of any suitable number of tubular bars 27, each of
which is vertical to a point 16" level with the top of the vertical part of the fire-
pot. The lower end of each of these bars is inserted in a hollow rim 28 which
connects them together whilst the top of each of said bars above the level of the
vertical part tapers inward to a common apex 29 forming thereat a water
chamber 30.
The apex of the grate is directly beneath the centre of the middle of the coal
magazine and the incline of the upper portion of the tubular grate bars 27 is
sufficient to distribute the coal evenly into all parts of the vertical space 31
between the upright grate 23 and the inner wall 16 of the fire-pot.
The space 31 between the upright grate 23 and the fire-pot-walls 16 is sufficient
to admit the necessary amount of fuel to produce the requisite amount of heat.
The rim 28 of the upright grate 23 is provided with a shaker 32 consisting of
a hollow tube fitted with a valve for the purpose of draining off the grate-water-
section when draining the furnace.
The spindle 22 is provided with a circular baffle plate 50 to protect the
bearings 20 and lower end 21 of the said spindle from the action of the heated air
and heated products of combustion from the fire above. "
It might here be stated that the walls of the fire-pot 6 are corrugated from
the base to a point level with the line 16", which corrugations are enlarged at their
inner end 33 to allow any cinders or fuel which might become jammed in said
corrugations to fall into the ash-pit beneath the fire-box,
From the construction shown in Figure 1 it is seen that entering the furnace
from the outer wall is a series of tubular passage-ways or air-ducts 34 which extend
from said outer wall 1ª to the outer wall 17 of the fire-pot 6 where each of the said
air ducts 34 connects with a passage way 35 through said fire-pot, which passage
way 35 leads to the enlarged inner ends 33 of the corrugations 32" shewn in
Figure 5.
The air enters the passage-way 35 by means of the air ducts 34, and the said
passage ways 35 act as an air-chest to distribute the air equally to all of the corru-
gations 32 of said fire-pot-wall. The air ducts 34 and distributing chamber 35 are

page_text: each located above the level of the top of the fire, and the object of this arrange-
.ment of passage-ways is to supply the fire with a downward current, which downward
current assists the decomposition of the fuel and carries the gases produced by such
decomposition downward from the space 31 between the upright grate bars 27 into
a combustion chamber 23ª located on. the under side of the upright grate. The
chamber 23 is supplied with a secondary draught which combines sufficient
oxygen with the gases generated by the decomposing fuel to cause all the
inflammable properties of the combination to be entirely destroyed thus permitting:
only the non-combustible elements to pass to the outlet to the chimney.
By reference to Figure 3 of the drawings it will be noticed that three
alternate water arms have an open middle to permit the. free upward current of
heated air, whilst the remaining three water arms have a closed or partially closed
middle which act as baffle plates to divert the upward current. of heated air across
the under side of each of the water, arms .having the closed middle to the water
arms having the open middle before permitting it to ascend further.
In putting the furnace together. the first water section 5 is coupled to the top
of the fire-pot by means of the coupling nipple 9, the second water section 5 being
coupled to the first water section by means of a corresponding nipple 9, the water
arms of the second water section having the closed middles are placed vertically
above the water arms of the first water section having the open middles, and the
water arms of the second water section having the open middles are placed
vertically above the water arms of the first water section having the closed middles,
this same arrangement being carried out through all of the water-sections.
The object of placing the water arms with the closed middle vertically above the
water arms with the open middle, and the water arms with the open middle
vertically above the water arms with the closed middle is to give the upward
current of heated air a zig-zag course, that is, the heated air is permitted to ascend
through the water arms with the open middles and in its upward course to come
in contact with the under side of the water arms with the closed middle, said water
arms with the closed middle acting as baffle plates directing the course of the
heated air across the under side of said water arms before permitting it to ascend
through to the next section.
I may if I so desire it provide the furnace with an oven or series of ovens 15ª,
as shown in Figure 6 of the drawings, which ovens may be of any desirable shape
and may form part of the water sections 5. The coal is fed through a feeder 41
into the coal magazine formed by the hubs 7 and is distributed evenly to all parts
of the fire-box by means of the funnel-shaped-mouth formed by the inclination of
the walls 16 of the fire-pot 6. The draught or current of air enters the furnace by
means of the air duct 34 connected with an air chest 35, which air chest 35
supplies the corrugations 32", through which corrugations the draught is introduced.
to the fire.
.
By an arrangement of air passages of this kind a draught of equal force is
admitted to all parts of the fire causing equal combustion and heat at all parts of
the fire-box. The air after entering the fire-pot 6 passes downward through the
fire and assists the decomposition of the fuel, and in its downward course forces the
gases caused by the decomposition of the fuel to enter the combustion chamber 23
Located on the under side of the upright grate 23.
The combustion chamber 23 is supplied with an auxiliary current of air.
which unites with the carbonic gases of the decomposing fuel and permits the
inflammable properties of this combination to be entirely destroyed in said com-
bustion chamber 23" thus allowing only the non-combustible elements to escape to
the outlet to the chimney (said auxiliary current of air may enter the combustion
chamber 23ª from any suitable source).
The products of combustion after leaving the combustion chamber 23 pass
around the lower end of the walls of the fire-pot and then ascend through the
chamber 43 formed between said fire-pot-walls and, the inner shell 1ª of the
furnace. These products of combustion in their upward passage heat the water.

page_text: section 2 in the casing of the furnace, and in turn each of the water sections ..
The said products of combustion after passing upward to the top of said chamber 43.
are carried off through the outlet 44 to the chimney.
The course of the water in the furnace is as follows:-
The water enters the water section 2 by means of the return pipes 3, then
circulates downward through said water section 2 to the water leg 19, then through
a portion of which water leg it passes until it reaches the ingress port 24 in the
lower end 21 of the spindle 22 which spindle supports the grate 23. The water
after entering the ingress port 24 passes upward through said spindle to the water
chamber in the top of the upright grate 23, then passes down the 'tubular grate-
bars on one side of said diaphragm to the rim 28, around which rim it circulates.
until it has passed through an opening in the diaphragm 26 and has cleared the said
diaphragm. The water after passing round the rim 28 and clearing the
diaphragm 26 passes upward through the tubular grate bars on the opposite side of
said upright grate 23 and then down the egress side of said spindle 22 and out
through the egress port 25 into the water leg 19 through which water leg it passes.
to the fire-pot-water-section 18, from which water section 18 it passes to the first
water section above said fire-pot 6 and then from water-section to water-section,
until it reaches the water head 14 from whence it is carried off by flow pipes 15-
leading to their respective destinations. The circulation of water being shown by
arrows in Figure 1 of the drawings.
The object of providing the grate with an upright spindle journaled in upright
bearings in the water-way 19 is to allow of the grate being rotated on said spindle
by the shaker 32 for the purpose of removing the ashes, cinders, &c. from the
grate bars..
By a construction of this kind the flow of water across the water-way and
through the grate is not interfered with in the slightest degree, the circulation at all
times being the same.
It will readily be seen that by the use of an apparatus provided with a down-
ward draught it is possible to consume all the inflammable properties of the gases
produced from the fuel employed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The improved apparatus for heating purposes herein before described.
;
2. In an apparatus for producing gas and utilizing the produced gas for heating
purposes, causing a downward current of air to enter the fire-box to aid the
combustion taking place within the fire-box, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
3. The apparatus for heating purposes hereinbefore described consisting of the
combination of a hollow conical grate forming a water-section, a water-section
forming a fire-pot. surrounding the grate and in circulation therewith, and a series
of circular water-sections of the furnace.
1
4. The apparatus for heating purposes hereinbefore described consisting of the
combination of a casing: forming a water-section, a hollow fire-pot arranged con-
centrically therein, and forming a water section in circulation therewith, and a
hollow grate arranged concentrically within the fire-pot and in circulation therewith
and with the casing, substantially as described.
5. In an apparatus for heating purposes a grate consisting of any suitabie
number of upright tubular bars the upper ends of which taper to a common apex
and form thereat a chamber suitable for a water-space the lower ends of said bars
connected together by a hollow rim, said bars serving as a water-ways between the
chamber at the top and the hollow rim, and suitable means for supporting said grate
and providing means for circulation of water, through the water chambers in said
grate, substantially as herein before described.
i
6. In an apparatus for .heating purposes a grate consisting of any suitable

page_text: number of tubular bars tapering at their upper ends to a common apex and forming
thercat a chamber suitable for a water space, the lower ends of said bars connected
together by a hollow rim, said bars serving as water-ways between the chamber at
the top and said hollow rim, said upright grate provided with a spindle, the lower
end of which is journaled in bearings formed in a water leg passing across the
base of the fire-box, and in circniation with one or more water-sections of the
apparatus, substantially as herein before described.
7. In an apparatus for heating purposes a grate consisting of any suitable
number of upright tubular bars the upper ends of which taper to a common apex
and the lower ends of which are connected together by means of a rim, a chamber
formed between the inner sides of said tubular bars serving as a combustion
chamber, said grate suitably supported in the fire-box, substantially as herein before
described.
8. In an apparatus for heating purposes, a grate consisting of any suitable
number of upright bars the upper ends of which taper to a common apex and form
thereat a chamber suitable as a water space, the lower ends of said bars connected
together by a hollow rim, said bars connecting the water space at top of said grate
with said hollow rim and serving as water ways between them, a chamber formed
between the inner sides of said bars, which chamber is utilized as a combustion
chamber, said grate suitably supported within said fire-box, substantially as herein-
before described.
9. In an apparatus for heating purposes a grate consisting of any suitable
number of upright bars, the upper ends of which taper to a common apex, and
form thereat a chamber suitable for a water-space, the lower ends of said bars
connected together by a hollow rim, said bars serving as water-ways between said
water space and hollow rim, said upright grate suitably supported within the fire-
box, a water way connecting said grate with one or more of the water-sections of
said apparatus, substantially as hereinbefore described.
10. In an apparatus for heating purposes a grate consisting of any suitable
number of upright bars the upper ends of which taper to a common apex and
form thereat a chamber suitable for a water space, the lower ends of said bars
connected together by a hollow rim, said bars serving as water ways between said
chainber and said bollow rim, said upright grate supported by a hollow spindle, the
lower end of which is journaled in suitable bearings, said grate being divided into
two sections by a diaphragm said grate being in circulation with one or more water-
sections of the apparatus, said diaphragm diverting the course of the flow of water
through said grate, substantially as hereinbefore described.
11. In an apparatus for heating purposes a grate consisting of any suitable
number of upright bars the upper ends of which taper to a common apex and
form thereat a chamber suitable for a water-space, the lower ends of said bars
connected together by a hollow rim, said grate supported by a hollow spindle, said
grate and spindle divided into two sections by a diaphragm, the lower end of said
spindle journaled in bearings formed in the water-way passing across the fire-box,
said diaphragm diverting the flow of water from said water-way through said
upright grate, substantially as herein before described.
12. In an apparatus for heating purposes a grate consisting of any suitable
number of upright bars, the upper ends of which taper to a common apex and
form thereat a chamber suitable as a water space, the lower ends of said bars con-
nected together by a hollow rim, said bars serving as water-ways between said
chamber and said hollow rim, a chamber formed between the inner sides of the
upright bars and used as a combustion chamber, said grate supported by a spindle,
the lower end of which is journaled in suitable' bearings, said grate and spindle
divided by a diaphragm, said grate and spindle being in circulation with one or
more water-sections of the apparatus, substantially as hereinbefore described.
13. In an apparatus for heating purposes, a grate consisting of any suitable
number of upright bars, the upper ends of which taper to a common apex and
form thereat a chamber suitable for a water space, the lower ends of said bars.

page_text: connected together by a hollow rim, said bars serving as water ways between said
chamber and hollow rim said grate supported by a hollow spindle, the lower end of
which spindle is journaled in bearings formed in the water-way passing across the
base of the fire-box, said water way connecting the water space in the casing.of
the furnace with the water space in the fire-pot-walls, said spindle fitted with an
ingress port and an egress port in that portion of it in said water-way said grate
and spindle divided by a diaphragm to divert the flow of the water from the water
space in the casing of the apparatus across said water-way through said grate to
the, water space in the fire-pot-walls, substantially as hereinbefore described.
14. In an apparatus for heating purposes a grate consisting of any suitable
number of tubular bars tapering at their inner ends to a common apex and forming
thereat a chamber suitable for a water space, the lower ends of said bars connected
together by a hollow rim, said bars serving as water-ways between the chamber at
the top and said hollow rim, said upright grate provided with a spindle the lower
end of which is journaled in bearings formed in a water leg passing across the base
of the fire-box, and in circulation with one or more water-sections of the apparatus,
said spindle fitted with a baffle plate to protect the bearings and lower end of the
said spindle from the action of the heated air and heated products of combustion
from the fire above, substantially as hereinbefore described.
15. In an apparatus for heating purposes, a grate consisting of any suitable
number of upright bars, the upper ends of which taper to a common apex and form
thereat a chamber suitable for a water space, the lower ends of said bars connected
together by a hollow rim, said bars serving as water ways between said chamber
and said hollow rim, said upright grate supported by a hollow spindle the lower
end of which is journaled in suitable bearings said grate being divided into two
sections by a diaphragm, said grate in circulation with one or more water sections
of the apparatus, said diaphragm diverting the course of the flow of water through
said grate, said spindle fitted with a baffle plate to protect the bearings and lower
end of said spindle against the action of the heated air and products of combustion
from the fire above, substantially as hereinbefore described.
16. In an apparatus for heating purposes a grate consisting of any suitable
number of upright bars the upper ends of which taper to a common apex and
form thereat a chamber suitable for a water space, the lower end of said bars.
connected together by means of a hollow rim, said grate supported by a hollow
spindle divided into two sections by a diaphragm the lower end of said spindle
journaled in bearings formed in the water way passing across the fire-box, said
diaphragm diverting the flow of water from said water way through said upright
grate, said spindle fitted with a baffle plate to protect the bearings and lower end
of said spindle against the action of the heated air and heated products of combustion
from the fire above, substantially as hereinbefore described.
17. In an apparatus for heating purposes a grate consisting of any suitable
number of upright bars, the upper ends of which taper to a common apex and form
thereat a chamber suitable as a water space the lower ends of said bars connected
together by means of a hollow rim, said bars serving as water ways between said
chamber and said hollow rim, a chamber formed between the inner. sides of the
upright bars and used as a combustion chamber, said grate supported by a spindle,
the lower end of which is journaled in suitable bearings, said grate and spindle
being in circulation with one or more water sections of the apparatus, said
spindle provided with a baffle plate to protect the bearings and lower end of said
spindle against the action of the heated air and heated products of combustion
from the fire above, substantially as hereinbefore described.
18. In an apparatus for heating purposes a grate consisting of any suitable
number of upright bars, the upper ends of which taper to a common apex and form
thereat a chamber suitable for a water space, the lower ends of said bars connected
together by a hollow, rim, said bars serving as water ways between said chamber
and hollow rim, said grate supported by a hollow spindle, the lower end of which
spindle is journaled in bearings formed in the water way connecting the water

page_text: space in the casing of the apparatus with the water space in the fire-pot-walls said
spindle fitted with an ingress port and an egress port in that portion of it in said
water way, said grate and spindle divided by a diaphragin to divert the flow of the
water from the water space in the casing of the apparatus across said water-way
through said grate to the water space in the fire-pot-walls, said spindle fitted with
a baffle plate to protect the bearings and lower end of said spindle against the
action of the heated air and heated products of combustion from the fire above,
substantially as hereinbefore described.
19. In an apparatus for heating purposes a water section consisting of a hub, a
series of water arms radiating outwardly from said hub, the water space in said
hub and water arms divided into any number of chambers, which chambers radiate
outwardly from the inner wall of said hub, ingress ports located on the under side
of said. hub in each alternate chamber and an egress port located on the upper
side of said hub in each of the remaining chambers, substantially. as hereinbefore
.described.
i .
20: In an apparatus for heating purposes a water section consisting of a hub
and any suitable number of water arms radiating outwardly from said hub, the
water space formed by said arms and hub divided into any number of chambers,
and an ingress port entering into each alternate chamber from the under side of!
said hub and an egress port entering out of the remaining chambers on the upper
side of said hub, said water arms consisting of a tubular pipe triangular-shaped in
cross section; substantially as herein before described.
21. In an apparatus for heating purposes a. water section consisting of a hub
from which radiates a series of water arms each of which water.arms consists of a
tubular pipe triangular-shaped in cross section, said. hub and water arms being
hollow and the space between them divided into any number of water chambers by
diaphragms. radiating from the inner wall of said hub, each alternate chamber.
provided with an ingress port and the remaining chambers provided with egress
ports, each of said water arms consisting of two outwardly radiating water ways
connected together at their outer ends, said ingress ports so arranged that the
water entering the chamber between two diaphragms flows outwardly through. two
adjacent water ways of two adjacent water arms and inward again to the hub
through two remote water ways of said, water arms, substantially as hereinbefore
-described.
'
22. In an apparatus for heating purposes a fire-pot consisting of double walls
vertical from the base to a point level with the top. of the fire-pot, from which
point they taper inwardly to the coal. magazine, the space between said walls
utilized as a water space and connected to the water space in the casing of the
apparatus by means of a water leg passing across the base of the fire-box, said
water leg supporting the fire grate, which fire grate is hollow and forms one of
the water-sections of said apparatus, said fire-pot-water-section in circulation
with the remaining. water sections in the furnace, substantially as. hereinbefore
-d'escribed.
+1
23. In an apparatus for heating purposes the combination of a fire-pot, the walls
of which taper to form a funnel-shaped mouth on the lower end of the coal magazine,
and a series of water sections each of which consists of a hub and any suitable
number of water arms radiating from said hub, said hubs and upper end of funnel-
shaped-mouth of the coal magazine screw-threaded on their inner face to receive a
coupling nipple. saids coupling nipple provided on its inner face with a holding
.surface for the coupling tool or wrench, said sections and fire-pot coupled by means
of said nipples, substantially as hereinbefore described.
24. An apparatus for heating purposes .consisting of a casing composed of an
inner shell and an outer shell, a water space between said shells, a fire-grate having
a water chamber. formed. therein, a water chamber in suid. ire grate connected
with water chamber in the casing of the apparatus iby means of a water leg, a
fire-pot consisting of double! walls with a water space between them; the water
space in said; fire-pot in circulation with the water space in the fire-grate, and a.

page_text: series of water sections in circulation with the fire-pot-water-section and with each
other and with a water head to which are connected the flow pipes leading to their
respective destinations and the return pipes connected to the water chamber in said
casing, substantially as hereinbefore described.
25. An apparatus for heating purposes consisting of an outer and an inner shell
having a water space between them, a hollow fire grate having formed therein
a water chamber which water chamber is connected to the water space in the
casing of said apparatus by means of a suitable water leg, a fire-pot having a
water chamber formed therein, which water chamber is connected to a water
chamber in the fire-pot by means of a water leg, a series of water sections
located above the fire-pot, each of which consists of a hub and any suitable
number of water arms radiating from said hub, said sections suitably connected
together and in circulation with the other water sections of the furnace, and
with a water head, to which water head are connected the flow pipes of the
apparatus leading to their respective destinations and the return pipes entering
said water chamber in the casing of the apparatus, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
26. An apparatus for heating purposes consisting of an outer shell and an inner
shell with a water chamber between them, a fire grate having a water chamber'
formed therein which is in circulation with the water chamber in the casing of the
apparatus, a fire pot consisting of two walls with a water space between them
which water space is in circulation with the water space in the fire grate, a
series of water sections located above the fire-pot each of which water sections
consists of a hub, any suitable number of water arms radiating from said hub,
the chamber formed in said hub and water arms divided into any number of
sub-chambers by diaphragms, an ingress port entering into each alternate sub-
chamber, and an egress port, entering out of the remaining chambers, substantially
as hereinbefore described.
27. An apparatus for heating purposes consisting of a casing composed of an
inner and an outer shell, a water space between said shells, a fire-pot having
formed therein a water space, which water space is connected with a water space
in the casing of the apparatus, a fire-pot having formed therein a water chamber,
which water chamber is in circulation with the water space in the fire-grate, the
walls of which fire-pot taper inward at their upper ends and form a funnel-
shaped-mouth for the coal magazine, a series of water sections located above'
said fire-pot, each of which water sections consists of a hub, any suitable number
of water arms radiating outward from the inner wall of said hub, said hubs and
upper end of fire-pot screw-threaded on their inner surface to receive the coupling -
nipples, each of which coupling nipples is provided on its inner face with a
holding surface for the coupling tool or wrench, a water head in circulation
with said water section to which water head are connected the flow pipes leading
to their respective destinations, return pipes being connected to the water'
chamber in the casing of the apparatus, substantially as hereinbefore described.
28. An apparatus for heating purposes provided with a fire-box consisting of a
fire-pot, the inner walls of which are corrugated and the inner end of said
corrugations enlarged, a grate consisting of upright tubular bars connected
together at the top and bottom, a fuel space between the bars of said upright grate
and the inner walls of said fire-pot, and a combustion chamber between the inner
sides of said grate bars, substantially as hereinbefore described.
29. An apparatus for heating purposes provided with a fire-box, which fire-box
consists of a fire-pot, the walls of which fire-pot are upright to a certain point then
taper inwardly and form a funnel-shaped-mouth for the coal magazine, the inner
walls of said fire-pot corrugated to the top of the vertical level, said corrugations
enlarged on their inner ends, a grate consisting of upright bars connected together
at their base by a rim and their upper ends tapering inwardly to a common
apex, a combustion chamber formed on the inner side of the grate bars, said
grate suitably supported in said fire-box, a downward draught entering said fire-box
B

page_text: above the level of the fire assisting the decomposition of the fuel when passing
through the same and causing annihilation of all the inflammable properties of the
gases generated from the decomposition in said combustion chamber, substantially
as herein before described.
30. An apparatus for heating purposes provided with a fire-box consisting of a
fire-pot, the walls of which are vertical to a certain point and taper from said
point inwardly forming a funnel-shaped-mouth for the coal magazine, the inner
walls of said fire-pot corrugated, the inner ends of which corrugations are
enlarged, a fire-grate consisting of upright bars vertical to a point level with the
top of the vertical part of the fire-pot-walls and tapering from said point to a
common apex, a combustion chamber formed on the inner sides of said grate bars,
a fuel space between said space and fire-pot-walls, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
31. An apparatus for heating purposes provided with a fire-box consisting of a
fire-pot, the walls of which fire-pot are vertical to a certain point and taper from
such point inwardly and upwardly forming a funnel-shaped-mouth for the coal
magazine, the inner walls of said fire-pot being corrugated on the vertical portions,
said corrugations enlarged on their inner ends, a water chamber formed in the said
fire-pot-walls, a fire-grate consisting of upright tubular grate-bars the upper ends
of which taper inward to a common apex forming at the top a water chamber, a
hollow rim connecting the lower ends of the said grate bars, said grate-bars serving
as water ways between said chamber at the top and said hollow rim, said grate
supported by a spindle journaled in bearings formed in the water way passing
across the base of said fire-box from the water chamber in the casing of the
apparatus to the water chamber in the fire-pot-walls, the water space in said fire-
grate being in circulation with the water space in said casing of the apparatus
and with the fire-pot-water-space, the casing of the apparatus consisting of an
inner and an outer shell with a water-space between them, which water space is in
circulation with the water space in fire-grate and fire-pot, a series of water sections
located above said fire-pot, each of which water sections consists of a hub and any
suitable number of water arms radiating outwardly from said hub, and a water
head located above the said water section, the return pipes entering water section
in the casing of the apparatus, flow pipes leading from the water head, the fire-
grate being provided with a hollow shaker fitted with a faucet, substantially as
hereinbefore described.
32. An apparatus for heating purposes consisting of a series of water sections,
each of which water sections is composed of a hub and any suitable number of
water armis radiating outwardly from said hub, said hubs being screw threaded on
their inner face and coupled by means of a nipple having a right and left thread
cut on its outer face and fitted on its inner face with a holding surface for the
coupling tool or wrench, and a circular battle plate surrounding each of the joints
formed by the union of the hubs of said sections substantially as described.
33. An apparatus for heating purposes consisting of a series of water sections,
each of which is composed of a hub and any suitable number of water arms
radiating from said hub, said hubs being screw-threaded on their inner face and
coupled together by means of a nipple having a right and left screw thread cut on
its outer face and fitted on its. inner face with a holding surface for the tool or
wrench, a baffle plate surrounding each of the joints formed by the union of said
water section and suitable packing between said battle plate and hub, substantially
as herein before described.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.