IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Haseltine, of the "International Patent
Office," No. 12, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CHURNS." A communication from abroad by Thomas Arnold Jebb, of
Buffalo. New York, United States of America.
Sealed the 22nd November 1864, and dated the 12th August 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Haseltine at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 12th August 1864.
I, GEORGE HASELTINE, of the "International Patent Office," No. 12,
Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CHURNS," a communication, to be as follows:-
The said improvements relate chiefly to the employment of air and water
tubes arranged within the churn for the purposes of regulating the temperature
of the cream or milk by the use of hot or cold water in the tubes; for the
passage of a current of air into the midst of the cream or milk, and for more
efficiently breaking and dividing the body of cream or milk when the latter is
set in motion by the dash blades, the tubes are placed vertically, leaving a
space of about one inch between them and the body of the churn, and equi-
distant from each other. They may be connected to the churn in any
convenient and suitable manner to give them a firin support without pre-
venting their ready removal when desired. The water tube or tubes should
be closed at the bottom and open at the top, for the purpose of receiving and

page_text: holding warm or cold water, by which means the cream or milk is continually
kept at the required temperature. The air tube is open at the top and
bottom to allow a current of air to pass into the cream, for the purpose of
ventilating the same. The tubes answer the further purpose of separating
and dividing the mass of cream or milk as it is moved by the revolving dash
blades, thus effectually breaking the globules containing the butter, and
securing a complete and speedy aggregation thereof. A vertical shaft is
employed, to which horizontal dash blades are fixed. The length of the lower
dash blade is nearly equal to the inner diameter of the churn tub at the
bottom, and the ends of said blade revolve under the lower ends of the air
and water tubes, the effect of which is to drive away the cream from the
lower ends of the tubes, and cause a strong suction of air through the air
tube into the cream. The other dash blades revolve in the central space
between the tubes. The requisite motion is given to the shaft in any con-
venient manner, and the tubes are so arranged that water and air may be
introduced without removing the cover of the churn.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Haseltine in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
30th December 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
HASELTINE, of the "International Patent Office," No. 12, Southampton
Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said George Haseltine, Her special license that I, the said George
Haseltine, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said George Haseltine, my executors, administrators, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS," a communication, upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said George Haseltine, executors

page_text: or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
or under the hand and seal of one of them, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Haseltine, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-
lowing statement, reference being had to the accompanying Sheet of
Drawings making a part of this Specification, in which Figure 1 is a vertical
section, and Figure 2 a cross section of my improved churn. Like letters
refer to corresponding parts in each of the Figures.
The nature of said Invention consists in the application and use of three
tubes A, A, and B, so arranged within the churn as to serve the threefold
purpose of, first, breaking and dividing the body of cream as it is set in motion
by the dash blades; second, regulating the temperature of the cream by the
use of warm or cold water in the tubes A, A; and, third, ventilating by
causing a current of air to pass down the tube B into the midst of the
cream.
The tubes A, A, and B are placed within the body of the churn equidistant
from each other, and so as to leave a space of one inch (more or less)
between them and the body of the churn. They are supported by the rings C,
which have projecting shanks d passing through the side of the churn, and
are held firmly by means of the nuts e on the outside of the churn. The
tubes A, A, are made water-tight, and open at the top and closed at the
bottom to receive and hold water. In warm weather these tubes may be
wholly or partly filled with cold water or ice, and in cold weather warm water
may be used, and the required temperature of the milk or cream may thereby
always be obtained. These tubes are made flaring or funnel-shaped at the
top, as shown, at n, and may be removed at any time, for the purpose of
cleaning and changing the water. The tube B is made open at the top and
bottom; so as to allow a current of air to pass down through it into the cream,
and thus thoroughly ventilate the cream. Each of the tubes also serves the
further purpose of separating and dividing the volume of the milk or cream
as it is agitated by the revolving dash blades, part of the cream being forced
against and through between the tubes and the side of the churn, rubbing
against the side of the churn, and part being thrown inwardly towards
and against the central shaft, thus effectually breaking the globules of butter,

page_text: and insuring a complete and speedy aggregation thereof. One of the tubes A
(for the purpose of cooling or warming the, cream to obtain the right tempera-
ture) would answer a very good purpose, but I prefer to use two in connection
with the open tube B for ventilating. E is a vertical shaft to which the dash
blades are connected. G, G, G, are the dash blades passing through the
shaft at right angles thereto, and projecting upon each side. The length of
the lower dash blade is nearly equal to the inner diameter of the churn tub at
the bottom, and its ends revolve under the lower ends of the tubes A, A, and
B, the effect of which is to drive away the cream from the lower ends of the
tubes, and cause a strong suction of air through the air tube B into the
cream. And in order that this effect may be produced in the most thorough
manner the air tube is made straight, and placed nearly vertical in the tub, so
that the dash blade will revolve in close proximity to and across the lower
open end of the tube. The other two dash blades are made shorter and
placed higher on the shaft, so that they will revolve in the central space
between the tubes. H is a bevel pinion on the upper end of the shaft E
gearing with the bevel wheel I supported in the gear frame J. The gear
frame is secured to the cover K, which cover is held to the churn tub by the
hooks ; M is a winch handle, by which motion is given to the dash blades
through the gearing as described. Water may be poured into the tubes A
without removing the cover, and air will pass freely into the tube B. Either
tube may at any time be removed and placed back again in its position in the
churn without removing the cover K.
I claim the described arrangement of the water tubes A, A, air tube B,
and dash blades G, G, G, within the churn tub, so that a space may be left
between the said tubes and the sides of the churn tub, and so that the lower
dash blade shall revolve under the lower ends of said tubes, while the other
dash blades shall revolve in the space between said tubes, substantially as set
forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Haseltine, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
GEORGE HASELTINE. (L.S.)