Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Mar., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 27th Nov., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 31st Dec., 1888
I, HENRY HARINGTON LEIGH, Fel. Inst. P.A., Assoc. M. Inst. C.E., practising as
Phillips & Leigh, of No. 22, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This Invention, as the same has been communicated to me from abroad, relates to
an improved method of, and apparatus for, churning; according to which and by
means thereof, respectively, the process of churning is continuous as compared with
the intermittent method heretofore in use; the separation of the butter globes from
the remanent liquid being effected by a subsequent process of filtration without
interfering with the churning process.
In carrying my invention into effect, I provide a suitable vessel into which tho
liquid to be churned, e.g., cream, is supplied under pressure through a pipe entering
the said vessel at the bottom. The said vessel may be placed, if desired, within the
frame of a centrifugal separator. A shaft is provided inside this vessel, and is adapted
to revolve at a high rate, say 1000 revolutions per minute or upwards.
Radial arms project from the said shaft, the effect of which is to separate, or beat
out, the butter-globules from the cream, as the latter is forced upwards by the pressure
above mentioned.
Diaphragms or webs are provided in the upper part of the vessel above the afore-
said arms for the purpose of preventing the further rotation of the butter-globules
and remanent liquid, whereupon the said globules accumulate upon the surface of the
liquid.
Both liquid and globules escape from the vessel through a suitable orifice or spout
provided for that purpose at the upper part of the same, and are subsequently separated
by a process of filtration.

page_text: Improvements in Churning.
I, HENRY HARINGTON LEIGH, Fel. Inst. P.A., Assoc. M. Inst. Č.E., practising as
Phillips & Leigh, of No. 22, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The invention relates to improvements in churning; and the objects of the present
improvements are firstly, to produce butter from cream in a continuous process, and
secondly, an apparatus suited for the said continuous churning process.
Heretofore butter has been produced by filling a certain quantity of cream into a
churn, and exposing the same during a certain time to the influence of a stirring
beating or shaking motion, whereby the butter globes are separated from the
remanent liquid-the buttermilk. Such a process has been applicable to a certain
quantity of cream at a time according to the capacity of the churn.
According to my improvements, "I can treat a continuous stream of cream by
leading the same through a vessel in which the cream is exposed to a very quick
stirring or beating motion, and from which the butter produced by such motion
flows out mixed with the buttermilk, to be separated therefrom afterwards simply by
filtering.
In order to make my invention more clearly understood, I will describe it with
reference to the accompanying drawings in which
Fig. 1. is a sectional side elevation of the apparatus placed on the stand of a
centrifugal creamer.
Fig. 2 is a top view thereof.
Fig. 3 is a horizontal section: while
Fig. 4 shews a horizontal section, to a larger scale, of the churning apparatus.
Similar letters refer to similar parts throughout the several figures.
My apparatus is a vessel, or churn, A which may be easily placed in the frame of a
centrifugal separator, in such a manner that the shaft replaces the ordinary bowl
shaft of the separator. The said shaft & rotates at a high speed-at least 1000 revolu-
tions per minute-and is provided with radial beaters b
The cream, entering under pressure into the lower part of the churn A through a
pipe a, passes, in following the natural impulse to rise, the beaters b, whereby the
butter globes are separated from the butter milk. In the upper part of the churn
are placed one or more diaphragms e which prevent the liquid composed of buttermilk
and butter globes after passing the conical lid d from any further rotation, thus causing
the butter to accumulate at the surface of the liquid. Both buttermilk and butter
globes leave the churn A through the spout, and are separated from each other by
any simple filtering process. To increase the effect of the beaters b, I may sometimes
uso arms c fixed inside the churn A in such a position that the rotating beaters b can
pass between them.

page_text: In some cases I also mount the churn A in such a manner that the shaft b¹ rotates in
a horizontal or inclined position.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The process of continuously producing butter from cream by passing the latter
through a vessel or churn wherein rotates at a high speed at least 1000 revolutions
per minuto a shaft provided with radial beaters, substantially as described.
2. In a machine for continuously producing butter, the combination of the
shaft and the beaters with the inlet tube a and the spout f, substantially as
set forth.
3. In a machine for continuously producing butter, the combination of the shaft 6',
the beaters b, and the inlet tube a, with the diaphragm or diaphragms e, and the
spout, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
Dated this 97th day of November 1888