matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR BURNING GASES OR OILS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Claude Francois Constant
Cretin at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his.
Petition, on the 4th August 1868.
I, CLAUDE FRANCOIS CONSTANT CRETIN, of Glasgow, in the County -
of Lanark, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said:
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR BURNING GASES OR OILS," to be
as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in the arrangement and
construction of lamps for burning gases or oils beneath water, in mines, or
other situations, also in places where dangerous or inflammable gases
collect, consists as follows:-In the case of employing the lamp for burning
gases the interior of the lamp is provided with a gas burner, which com-
municates by a pipe leading to a gas holder or reservoir from which the..
gas is supplied. The air necessary for maintaining the combustion of the
gas enters, the air-tight by several holes. or perforations. situated around
and below the burner. The carbonic gas and other products of com-
bustion are drawn off by means of a fan or ventilator, so that the products.
of combustion are discharged at the outer extremities of the vanes.. In..
this way a partial vacuum is effected, and consequently fresh air descends

page_text: the air pipe and is supplied continuously to maintain the combustion of
gas. The fan or ventilator above mentioned is of the ordinary well-known
construction, and is operated in the usual manner by driving belts or
gearing, or direct from a prime mover.
When using the lamp for burning oil the oil reservoir and wick burner
are attached to the lamp, the products of combustion are drawn off, and
air supplied in the manner herein-before described with reference to
gas.
All the joints of the lamp are made tight by india-rubber or other
packing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS OR SIMILAR VITREOUS SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF SUCH SUBSTANCES IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Elsdon and Andrew
Stein at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 5th June 1868. .
We, ROBERT ELSDON, of Brockham, in the County of Surrey,
Engineer, and ANDREW STEIN, of 18, Ryder Street, in the County of
Middlesex, C. E., do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS OR SIMILAR VITREOUS
SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF SUCH SUBSTANCES IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF BUILDINGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
glass or similar vitreous substances, and in the application of such
substances in the construction of buildings. In order to produce glass
or a similar vitreous substance we place in a blast, cupola, or other
suitable furnace the glass-making materials, that is to say, sand or
siliceous material and flux, it may be lime or other flux, together with
fuel and intermixed therewith, and by the combustion of this fuel urged
by a blast sufficient heat is gencrated to fuse the glass-making materials
into a glass or vitreous substance, which may be used for the purposes
for which other glass is used. It will be observed that this operation is

page_text: in some respects similar to that by which slag is produced in iron and
other smelting furnaces; but in these cases the metallic ore carries with
it into the furnace matters which so contaminate the vitreous slag as
greatly to injure its quality. We run the material into moulds so as
to produce blocks, paving slabs, and similar articles used in building.
Also in some cases we employ a moveable furnace, and we apply the
glass or vitreous substance for the foundation of a building in lieu
of concrete, the glass or vitreous substance being run from the furnace
into the foundation trench. The upper parts of the buildings may also
be constructed by running the melted glass or vitreous substance at once
from the furnace into the position in which it is required, suitable plates
being employed to retain it until it sets. In place of using a solid fuel
mixed with the materials in these operations a gaseous fuel may be used
in conjunction with the blast. Also in place of using an artificial
mixture of siliceous material and flux minerals may be employed, which
will by themselves run in the furnace into a vitreous or glassy substance
suitable to be used as above described.
A NEW OR IMPROVED TOOL OR CHISEL FOR MORTISING MACHINES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Chamberlin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th July 1868.-A communication from abroad by Otis Adams
and James Hatch, both of the City and County of San Francisco,
in the State of California.
I, ROBERT CHAMBERLIN, of Burton Street, Eaton Square, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW OR IMPROVED TOOL OR CHISEL FOR MORTISING MACHINES" (a com-
munication to me from abroad by Otis Adams and James Hatch, both
of the City and County of San Francisco, in the State of California),
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the construction of a tool or chisel for
mortising machines in the following manner :-The tool is formed with
two side lips bevilled at an angle of or about 45° degrees with the face
of the chisel; the lips are dovetailed inwards and upwards. The side
lips, which are also bevilled sufficiently to clean the sides of the mortise,
project about the 4th of an inch below the edge of the main bevil. When
the chisel enters the wood the two side lips which project below the
edge of the principal bevil (by cutting away that portion of the chip

page_text: which adheres to the sides of the mortise) allow a free passage of the
main chip upwards through the dovetail. When the chisel is drawn
from the mortise the chip is retained by its own natural swelling in the
upward dovetail, and prevented from falling backwards by the inward
dovetail until easily displaced by the succeeding stroke. These chisels
should be made from the best and well-tempered steel, and be sharpened
by a new file. After filing the edge should be rubbed with an oil stone;
they should be kept in the same shape as when made. When filing or
sharpening the chisel the inside dovetail of the lips ought not to be
touched.
Chisels made according to this Invention last longer, do better work,
and are in every way superior to those of ordinary construction; they
do not heat. If no hole is bored in the wood operated upon the chisel
should be admitted lightly for the first five or six strokes. When the
wood is hard a hole should be bored for the preservation of the machine
and chisel.
IMPROVED CRAVAT HOLDERS OR FASTENERS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Daniel Sutherland at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 20th November 1868.
I, FREDERICK DANIEL SUTHERLAND, of King William Street, in the
City of London, Umbrella Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVED CRAVAT HOLDERS OR FASTENERS," to be
as follows:-
The object and intention of this Invention is to provide means for
preventing the riding up of gentlemen's cravats at the back of the neck.
I propose to effect this by one or other of the following methods:-
First. By the use of a double hook-shaped piece of metal or other
material, the hooks being bent in opposite directions, something like the
letter S flattened. One hook is intended to embrace the lowermost edge
of a shirt collar, and the other hook the uppermost edge of the cravat
when passed around the said collar, and in this manner and by these
means the riding up of the cravat is prevented.
Another method is by making the aforesaid double hook piece in two
parts capable of sliding upwards one in the other, so as to enable the

page_text: compound hook-shaped piece to be adjusted to suit cravats of different
widths; or I employ a piece of metal formed with a hook at one end only
and a hole near the other end with a slit below, this hole is intended to
be passed over the button that connects the loose collar to the band of
the shirt as commonly practised, the aforesaid slit passing over the shank
part of the button; in this case the hooked part before mentioned
embraces the upper edge of the cravat, and thus prevents the cravat
from riding up.
Another method is to form a stud with a hook fixed in one side
thereof; this stud is intended to be placed in a button hole made through
the back part of the collar or in the neck band of a shirt for persons
who do not wear false or detached collars; the hook in this case is
intended to embrace the upper edge of the cravat to prevent it from
riding up; or instead of the aforesaid hook I propose to fix one or more
short points into one side of the stud, so that when the cravat is placed
over the stud the said point or points shall enter the cravat, and thereby
prevent it from riding up.
IMPROVED PLAYING CARDS FOR THE USE OF SHORT-SIGHTED AND AGED PERSONS AS WELL AS FOR PERSONS OF GOOD VISION
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Maurice Grant at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th January
1868.
I, MAURICE GRANT, of No. 40, St. Paul's Road, Camden Road, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED PLAYING CARDS FOR THE USE OF SHORT-SIGHTED AND AGED
PERSONS AS WELL AS FOR PERSONS OF GOOD VISION," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in printing, lithographing, stencilling, or by
other process making, producing, painting, or coloring the four suits or
series of 13 cards each, called "hearts," "diamonds," "spades," and
"clubs" (forming the pack of 52 playing cards commonly used), in four
distinct colors, shades, or hues, or in one, two, or more colors, and one,
two, or more shades or outlines of the same color or colors, or in com-
binations of such colors, or in gold, silver, bronze, or other substances
or materials, or by other modes to give the appearance of a distinct
color, shade, or hue to each of the four suits or series of 13 cards each,.
called "hearts," diamonds,' "spades," and "clubs," which four suits
or series of 13 cards each have hitherto been made, produced, and colored
in two colors, shades, or hues only.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROJECTILES FOR SMALL ARMS AND ORDNANCE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Charles Eden Malet
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 21st October 1868.
I, HENRY CHARLES EDEN MALET, of New Bond Street, in the
County of Middlesex, Lieutenant-Colonel Grenadier Guards, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PROJECTILES FOR SMALL ARMS AND ORDNANCE," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in projectiles for use with
smooth-bore small arms and ordnance, by means of which improvements
I am enabled to dispense with the usual rifling of the barrel, and at
same time obtain equal accuracy and range as with rifled guns.
The improvements consist in providing spiral grooves (two or more
in number) on the exterior of the hollow or other elongated projectile,"
said grooves commencing at the front end or apex, where they are
deepened, diminishing towards the rear end or base, and terminating
at a short distance therefrom, to prevent any escape of gas in firing,

page_text: .
which exerts its whole force on the projectile as usual. On the bullet
or projectile leaving the gun, the air through which it passes will
impinge on the sides of the spiral grooves, and cause the projectile
to rotate in the same manner as when projected from a rifled barrel,
and with the same effect.
AN. IMPROVED MACHINE FOR CRUSHING AND SIFTING FLOUR
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emile Viarengo de Forville
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 16th March 1868.
I, EMILE VIARENGO DE FORVILLE, of the Prairie au Duc, at
Nantes, Department of the Loire Inferieure, France, Merchant, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN. IMPROVED
MACHINE FOR CRUSHING AND SIFTING FLOUR," to be as follows :—
This Invention consists of a combined sifting and crushing machine,
the object of which is to reduce the solid, granular, or clotted particles
of the flour or meal to a perfectly pulverized and sifted condition.
The apparatus is composed of an oblong or other shaped frame having
at its summit a hopper for receiving the flour to be treated or operated
upon. Immediately beneath this is placed a wire gauze sieve or
separator into which the meal or flour falls; this sieve by means of a
backward and forward motion imparted to it by any ordinary means
allows the fine flour and the small clotted particles to pass through it,
and being led by two ducts or conduits on either side of the machine
deposit the flour in two sieves in connection with the said ducts, and
from thence into two hoppers placed beneath these sicves; the larger

page_text: clots being emptied into a trough beneath the first-named sieve, are.
thence delivered to two crushing rollers provided with teeth and
arranged below the trough; the pulverized meal or flour is received by
another hopper placed under the rollers, from whence it descends by an
inclined plane furnished with gauze, which again sifts what little
quantity of fine flour still remains with the small clots; the latter are
then crushed a second time between two cylindrical friction rollers.
The several hoppers, sieves, and ducts, are so arranged that the fine
flour and the clotted particles after undergoing the sifting and pul..
verizing process unite and are deposited in a receptacle at the bottom
of the apparatus, and should it be deemed necessary or advisable can be
again passed through the machine, which is set in motion by any known
manual or mechanical power.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR EXHIBITION PURPOSES IN CONNECTION WITH GAS BURNERS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Carter at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
November 1868.
I, HENRY CARTER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR EXHIBITION PURPOSES IN CONNECTION WITH
GAS BURNERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention is designed for the purpose of exhibiting the advantages
to be derived from the application to gas burners of the well-known
"hydrocarbon" burner, and the improvements consist in supporting or
attaching to one end of a balance lever the "hydrocarbon" burner, which
consists of a flattened piece of metal that is constructed to slide upon
and fit the ordinary gas burner so as to divide the flame opposite the end
of the lever to which this piece of metal is attached. The latter is con-
nected by a rod to an eccentric crank or other equivalent that is caused
slowly to revolve through the medium of a coiled spring and wheels
similar to the works of a clock, the revolving of which transmits a rising
and falling motion to the "hydrocarbon" burner,, which when in its
lowest position rests upon and divides the flame of the gas burner, and

page_text: when raised and free from the burner leaves the flame of gas to burn in
the ordinary manner, thus shewing by its different positions the
advantages to be derived from the use of the hydrocarbon burner.
The same effect may be obtained by the "hydrocarbon" burner being
kept stationary and the ordinary burner being raised by similar means
into contact intermittently with the carbon burner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR STRETCHING AND DRYING OR FINISHING WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joe Booth Whiteley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th February 1868. .
I, JOE BOOTH WHITELEY, of the Prospect Iron Works, Lockwood,
near Huddersfield, in the County of York, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
STRETCHING AND DRYING OR FINISHING WOVEN FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to further improvements in machinery for
which Letters Patent were granted to the late W. Whiteley of this
place, dated respectively the 10th day of February 1854, No. 332, and
the 13th day of February 1864, No. 382.
The object of the present improvements is to produce the "elastic
finish" on fabrics, and they consist in the application and arrangement
of apparatus or mechanism for producing an alternate intermittent
movement of the endless chains. This I effect by applying to the
driving end of the machinery a shaft on which are two eccentrics fixed
in opposite positions, and to each of these is attached a rod connecting
with a lever and pawl or catch which takes into the teeth of a ratchet

page_text: wheel, on the side of which is fixed a spur wheel gearing with another
spur wheel attached to the side of one of the chain wheels or the
wheels which carry and give motion to the chains, and the said chain
wheels are arranged to run loose on the shaft of the drum or roller
over which the fabric passes. The eccentrics actuate the ratchet
wheels alternately, so that while one is in motion the other is at rest,
and consequently alternate intermittent motion is communicated to
the chains. These eccentrics and rods are capable of adjustment so
as to produce more or less motion of the chains at each stroke or
movement as may be required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WOOD CUTTING, JOINERY, AND MORTISING
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Sketchley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 5th May 1868.
I, WILLIAM SKETCHLEY, of Weymouth, in the County of Dorset,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said. Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WOOD CUTTING, JOINERY, AND MORTISING,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements. in machinery for wood
cutting, joinery, and mortising, and more particularly to those machines
now in use and known as "Sketchley's universal joiner," and it may
be also applied to ordinary circular saw tables, for the raising and
lowering the said tables, or for raising and lowering the spindle, or
for moving the fence in a perfectly parallel line horizontally, and
likewise for raising and lowering the boring apparatus attached to the.
said tables.
The said Invention consists of a wedge and parallel motion combind';.
the said wedge and parallel to be driven or drawn back with a screw:
lever or eccentric as the several motions require. The said motion.

page_text: does away with all cog and bevel gear, it works more accurately, and
requires less power to lift vertically, horizontally, or in any other
position.
The said Invention is equally applicable for any kind of metal, any
kind of wood, or other material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Patrick Panton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
November 1868.
I, PATRICK PANTON, of 10, Craven Hill, Hyde Park, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the ignition of the charge of fire-arms. It
has for its object to effect the ignition by friction instead of percussion,
so that the shock of percussion may be avoided, and the force necessary
for firing may be diminished.
I prepare cartridges with nipples charged with matter which is readily
ignited by friction, such as the mixtures ordinarily employed for lucifer
matches. In the lock of the arm to which my Invention is applied,
instead of the hammer ordinarily employed for striking a percussion cap,
I use a sliding piece which can be pulled back by hand, and which is
urged forward by a spring. This sliding piece has notches into which
a detent connected with the trigger engages so as to hold it back until
the detent is released by pulling the trigger, in which case the spring

page_text: causes it to slide forward. Part of the sliding piece is roughened or
made like a rasp, and this in its forward movement rubs over the nipple
of the cartridge and ignites the matter with which it is charged. The
notches in the sliding piece are made so that it can be held at half-cock,
or at full-cock in the usual way,
Instead of a piece sliding rectilineally, I sometimes employ a cam-
shaped piece mounted on an axis, with part of its surface roughened, so
as to act upon the cartridge in a manner similar to that described
above.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROUGHENING THE SHOES OF HORSES AND OTHER BEASTS OF DRAUGHT AND BURDEN
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edwards at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th February 1868.
I, WILLIAM EDWARDS, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ROUGHENING THE SHOES OF HORSES AND OTHER BEASTS OF
DRAUGHT AND BURDEN," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in applying to the shoes of horses and
other beasts of draught and burden studs or teeth of steel, steel
iron, or iron so attached as to be readily fixed or removed without
the employment of nails or screws.
This is to be effected in the
following manner:-Upon the toe of the shoe is formed a raised
clump of sufficient thickness to receive a dovetailed groove cut through
its length and transversely with the toe of the shoe; into this groove
a wedge-formed stud or tooth is inserted, fitting tightly, and driven
into position with a hammer. Dovetailed grooves are also cut across
each heel of the shoe and similar studs or teeth are inserted in them;
this affords a secure hold for the foot upon ice or slippery ground,

page_text: and as these studs or teeth I prefer to make of steel, it follows that as
they wear down those parts of the shoe become throughly steeled.
Should the parts not fit very accurately the grooves in the shoe
being formed in the softer metal, iron, thesc can be opened or closed
by a tap of the hammer, and thus secure the studs or teeth firmly.
If it be desired to remove the studs or teeth it is casily done by
driving them out with a hammer without injury to the shoe.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 27th March 1868.-A communication from abroad by Laurent
Bovy, of Liege, Belgium.
I, CLINTON EDGCUMBE BROOMAN, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman,
and Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in closing the breech by means of a vertical
sliding block worked by the trigger guard, which in the same movement
cocks the gun, raises the sliding block to allow of the insertion of a
cartridge, and acts on an extractor.
The sliding block has an opening at the lower part, while its upper
part is solid and carries the exploding pin. A transverse pin in the
lower part of the block takes into a slot in a plate on the front end of
the trigger guard; the guard is pivoted on the hammer pin and a spring
catch secures it when in place. The extractor is a vertical piece pivoted
near its centre, and its lower end has a tail piece or back projection; a
spring presses the tail back and keeps the upper end or extractor proper

page_text: in position. The "tang" has tenons or projections to enter corresponding
holes in the breech end of the barrel, and is recessed at the top to guide
the cartridge. The action is as follows:-On lowering the guard the slot
acts on the pin of the block and raises the block so as to bring its opening
in a line with the barrel; the guard at the same time cocks the gun by
means of a stud on the plate before-mentioned, which stud lifts the
hammer, and a part of the guard near the front presses forward the tail
of the extractor, thereby moving back the extractor proper and with-
drawing the empty case. A fresh cartridge is then inserted and the
guard returned to position, thereby lowering the block until its solid
part is in a line with the bore. The lower end of the block is bevilled
for the purpose of pushing the cartridge home. By removing the
exploding pin and substituting an ordinary nipple the gun may be used
as a muzzle-loader.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARTRIDGES FOR BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Edmond Green, of 13, Blandford Street,
Portman Square, in the County of Middlesex, and John Green,
of Windermere Cottage, Winchmore Hill, Edmonton, in the said
County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CARTRIDGES FOR BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS."
Sealed the 16th June 1868, and dated the 19th March 1868.

page_text: and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto us, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the same,
and have made solemn Declaration, that we are the true and first
Inventors thereof.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Charles Edmond Green and
John Green, do hereby declare that the following Complete Specifica-
tion, under our hands and seals, fully describes and ascertains the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, in and by the following statement :-
Our Invention consists in a new method of construction and manu-
facturing of military and other cartridges carrying their own ignition
which shoot out direct from the barrel, thereby entirely obviating the
necessity of an expensive metallic or other case which requires to
be extracted after each shot. This desirable end we accomplish by
means of a layer or layers of pasteboard or other suitable material
placed upon the powder with a hole in the centre into which the
detonating material or other explosive compound is inserted and secured
by placing a film or layer or layers of vulcanized india-rubber or
other suitable material which insures safety and the non-escape of gas,
and through which the pin or striker of the breech action penetrates
the cartridge at its base, striking the ignition through the india-rubber
or other material, thereby producing instantaneous explosion.
In witness whereof, we, the said Charles Edmond Green and
John Green, have hereunto set our hands and seals, the said
Charles Edmond Green on the Nineteenth day of March, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight,
and the said John Green on the 12th day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
E GREEN
(1.9)
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS, AND IN BEAME OR GIRDERS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isidore Alexandre Vacherot
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 15th October 1868.
I, ISIDORE ALEXANDRE VACHEROT, of Notting Hill, in the County
of Middlesex, Architect, do hereby declare the nature of my said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS, AND IN
BEAME OR GIRDERS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates more particularly to certain peculiar forms of
rolled or cast-iron beams or girders wherein the metal is so distributed
as to afford greater strength for a given weight than can be obtained
by girders of the ordinary construction. According to this Invention
it is proposed to roll or cast the girder or beam in the form of a single
or double trough, the single trough being combined with a vertical
web extending longitudinally along the under side of the centre of the
trough. This vertical web may also be combined with the double trough,
that is to say, a trough may be formed centrally along the upper and
lower edge of the said web. In those cases, however, where double
troughs are used the central web may if desired be dispensed with.
The transverse section of the said troughs may be of various forms,

page_text: either rectangular with or without the corners or angles removed, or
semicircular, and, in the case of double trough girders, the two troughs
may be of the same or different sizes and forms. These peculiar shaped
girders or beams may be advantageously employed for all purposes
where such constructive details are required, but they will be found when
combined with timber to be specially applicable for supporting the roofs,
floors, and ceilings of buildings.
In constructing a floor and ceiling according to this Invention two
separate and independent sets of beams or girders are employed for
supporting the flooring boards and the ceilings, whereby a perfectly deaf
floor or one through which sound cannot easily be transmitted is
obtained. The boards are nailed down to a light timber joist laid in the
upper trough of the heavier set of girders which carry the floor, and the
laths for supporting the plastering of the ceiling are nailed to strips of
wood suitably secured into the inverted trough of the lighter set of
girders from which the ceiling is suspended. If a single floor only be
required the second set of light girders for supporting the ceiling may
be dispensed with, the one set of single or double trough girders or beams
herein-before referred to being alone employed for supporting both the
floor and ceiling.
CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN CASTORS OR SIMILAR ROLLING SUPPORTS FOR FURNITURE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cobb Bowler at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th May 1868.
I, JOHN CовB BOWLER, of Bowden, in the County of Chester, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CASTORS OR SIMILAR ROLLING SUPPORTS FOR FURNITURE," to be as
follows:-
My Invention is designed for the purpose of providing a castor or
support for furniture, whereby great facility for moving or rolling the
same from one place to another is obtained, and which when placed:
may be fixed steady and adjusted to any level irrespective of inequalities
or slant of the surface or floor upon which the castors stand.
The improvements consist in forming the castor in three parts, namely,
an upper permanent fixture, a lower or adjustable cap, and an internal
ball. The upper permanent fixture is provided with a shoulder with
a projecting screw for securing this portion of the castor to the furniture,.
the under side of this fixed portion is recessed or hollowed for the.
reception of a sphere or ball to be retained or secured therein by the-
lower or adjustable cap which is firmly screwed on to the upper fixed...

page_text: portion of the castor. This cap is formed similar to the ordinary
termination of the legs or supports for furniture, and a small circular
opening is left in the bottom of the cap through which the sphere
or ball projects upon which the furniture rolls or is moved. When it
is desired to steady the said furniture in one position the adjustable 5
cap of the castor is turned in a direction for unscrewing from the
upper portion thereof until the bottom of the cap rests upon the floor.
IMPROVED MEANS OF SIGNALLING OR COMMUNICATING BETWEEN THE PASSENGERS, GUARD, AND ENGINE DRIVER OF RAILWAY TRAINS IN MOTION
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Osborne Reynolds at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
December 1868.
I, OSBORNE REYNOLDS, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OF
SIGNALLING OR COMMUNICATING BETWEEN THE PASSENGERS, GUARD, AND ENGINE
DRIVER OF RAILWAY TRAINS IN MOTION," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists principally in attaching some suitable
explosive material or compound to any convenient part or parts of the
train, such explosive material or compound being so attached and
connected with a trigger, button, ring, or other suitable contrivance
that it may be exploded by any of the passengers or by the guard,
when necessary, and by its report shall convey the required signal
to the guard or engine driver. The explosive material or compound
may be contained in a tube open at one or both ends (as a gun barrel
for instance), or in any other convenient case or cartridge; and may be
exploded either by detonation, electricity, or other well known means,
one of such means of explosion being attached to each carriage or to
cach compartment. It may be attached above or below or to the sides

page_text: of the carriage either outside or inside as may be found expedient, and
may be placed in an enclosed passage (such as a tube or box) which
shall conduct the sound in the direction required, which passage may
extend the whole or part of the length of one carriage, or the whole
length of the train, the connection between the different carriages being
formed by means of flexible or other joints, or the passage on each
carriage may be separate and disconnected. It may also be attached
to the guard's van, or to the engine or tender, either outside or inside.
The explosion of the material or compound (or the means by which
such explosion has been caused) may also serve to point out or identify
the particular carriage or compartment from which the explosion has
been caused, so as to direct the guard's attention thereto, either by a
semaphore or other signal being thrown out or exposed to view by the
force of the explosion, or by the movement of the trigger, button, ring,
or other means used to cause the explosion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN. FEEDING BOTTLES FOR INFANTS AND. INVALIDS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Atkins at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th March 1868..
I, THOMAS ATKINS,. of 62, Fleet Street, in the City of London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN. FEEDING BOTTLES FOR INFANTS AND. INVALIDS," to be as.
follows:-
This Invention has for its object the so constructing feeding bottles
that fluid may be withdrawn from the bottle without any air being:
allowed to enter therein. For this purpose I form the bottle in two
parts, one fitting but capable of sliding within the other. The outer
portion of the bottle is by preference of a cylindrical form, and is closed
at its upper end, this end being either fitted with a teat or nipple, or
with a flexible tube carrying a nipple at its extremity.. The bottom of
the outer portion of the bottle is open, and through this open end is
slid a corresponding cylindrical vessel by preference of equal or greater
length, and which is also closed at its upper end; the top of this.
inner cylinder thus forms the bottom of the bottle; an opening is.
formed through it fitted with a short flexible tube, and through this

page_text: tube the bottle is filled. When the bottle has been filled the passage
through the tube or opening is closed by a valve or otherwise. When
the bottle is to be filled the inner cylinder is pressed up to the closed
end of the outer cylinder. The end of the tube which opens into the
bottom of the bottle is inserted into the fluid with which the bottle is
to be filled, the bottom is then drawn away from the top and the bottle
fills with fluid. Suitable provision is made for retaining the two.
cylinders from entirely separating when the bottle is in use, and yet for
allowing the two parts to be separated for cleaning; or I take a cup or
glass cylinder and apply a piston with a nipple for attaching a tube
thereto, to be made of any elastic material capable of being pressed to
the bottom of said cylinder or bottle, thus. forming a complete pneumatic
apparatus, by which any partial vacuum may be capable of sucking up.
the fluid from beneath the said piston, which I term the pneumatio
feeding apparatus or bottle for infants or invalids..
IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTER VANS AND CARTS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH, SOME OF THE SAID IMPROVEMENTS BEING APPLICABLE TO FILTERS IN GENERAL
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Hodson Bayley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th December 1868..
I, EDWARD HODSON BAYLEY, of 42, Newington Causeway, in the
Borough of Southwark, in the County of Surrey, Wheelwright, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTER
VANS AND CARTS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH, SOME OF THE SAID
IMPROVEMENTS BEING APPLICABLE TO FILTERS IN GENERAL," to be as follows:-
This Invention refers to certain improvements upon that set forth in
a Patent granted to James Rae, No. 2564, A.D. 1867, also to improve-.
ments applicable to filters in general as well as to the Invention.
comprised in No. 2564, (A.D. 1867), its principal object is to increase.
the distance between the bottom of the cistern, or the cocks, valves, or.
other outlets depending therefrom, and the ground. By thus making
the distance greater than that set forth in the former Specification and
its Drawings, obstructions in the ground travelled over by the cart are.
avoided and damage to the cart thus prevented. Instead of one sediment
well three wells of a cylindrical form are placed transversely across the

page_text: bottom of the tank. The water in the tank flows first into the central
well, to the bottom of which the sediment falls through a trap, and is
drawn off by a cock. The water thus partially purified then flows
through two separate pipes into the lower part of the two outer wells.
These outer wells with the exception of a space at the top and bottom
are filled with sand or other suitable filtering matter through which the
water percolates upwards and overflows into two pipes which convey it
underneath the filters proper. By this means the water is partly cleansed
before it enters the filters proper, and the filters, filter well, and sediment
wells are thus able to be made proportionately shallower than before.
The filter covers are fastened by bolts and merely consist of a flat plate
as thin as the pressure of water will allow, projecting inside the tank
of the cart, the joint of the said cover being made water-tight with
a suitable washer. Sliding valves, each of which may simply consist of
a thin plate sliding in dovetailed grooves, may be used to the bottoms
of the mud wells instead of sediment cocks. By placing a footboard
longitudinally along each side of the van and seat rails, and (if necessary)
cushions along the top, the van may be made suitable for conveying
wounded soldiers or stragglers. An awning can be used which will
serve the double purpose of protecting the said soldiers and keeping the
water cool. By the adoption of these improvements the lowest part of
the filtering apparatus is above the centre of the fore wheels, or nearly
so, and the van is made to be additionally servicable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS POR SECURING OR FASTENING WINDOW SASHES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Wilson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th November 1868.
I, GEORGE HENRY WILSON, of Commercial Road, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS POR SECURING OR FASTENING WINDOW SASHES,'
to be as follows:-
The chief object of my Invention is to provide means for adjusting
window sashes, that is to say, for securing them at any desired height.
My apparatus is intended to be fixed to the top and near one side of the
lower sash. It consists of two bolts arranged as hereafter described, one
to secure the upper and the other to secure the lower sash. The bolt for
securing the lower sash is parallel to the top bar of this sash, and is
operated by a pin which works in a slot in the bolt. This pin is carried
on a pivoted arm provided with a knob or button for moving it. The
bolt for securing the upper sash is bent, and is operated by a pin on
the other bolt working into a slot therein. As the pivoted arm is moved
forward the pin thercon pushes the bolt of the lower sash outwards, and

page_text: this bolt in its movement pushes out the bent bolt; the bolt of the lower
sash takes into notches or a rack in the pulley box or in the side of the
window frame, and the bolt of the upper sash takes into notches or a
rack in the upper sash. The bolts secure both sashes whether both are
closed or one or both more or less open. On moving back the pivoted
arm the bolts are withdrawn from the notches or racks. To secure the
pivoted arm in its forward position I pivot it at its back end to a spring,
and make a notch or catch in the top plate of a box which contains the
bolts. As the arm is moved forward a pin thereon or the shank of its
knob bears against a curve on the top plate leading up to the notch,
thereby stretching the spring, but when the notch is reached the piu or
the shank takes therein, allowing the spring to resume its normal
position and thereby holding the arm. To prevent the spring being
overstretched I carry the pin of the pivot through a slot in the bottom
plate of the box. This mode of securing the pivoted arm applies to sash.
fastenings placed in the ordinary position; the arm would in this case
be pivoted to a spring on the upper sash, and would be moved forward
under a notched curved bar on the lower sash. In some cases I dispense
with the spring to the pivot and apply a spring for the same purpose to
the curved bar. For greater security I sometimes pass a screw through
the top plate or curved bar to take into a branch of the pivoted arm
when this arm is moved forward.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LADIES' SKIRTS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Sparks Thomson at the.
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th December 1868.-Partly a communication from abroad by
Charles Langdon, of the City and State of New York, United
States of America.
I, WILLIAM SPARKS THOMSON, of Cheapside, in the City of London,
Manufacturer,, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LADIES' SKIRTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in ladies' skirts
whereby with great elasticity and lightness increased durability will be.
secured. Combined with this will be an economy in the manufacture,.
and by an addition to the skirt proper the power of modifying the fall
of the dress may be obtained. The hoops of the skirt are severally
composed of two narrow steel ribbons or flat wires laid parallel to each
other, and at a suitable distance apart (equal, say, to the width of the..
two ribbons). These are connected together by a lap of cloth secured
and stiffened by paste or other adhesive substance. The hoops (before.
their ends are joined) are passed through loops in the ordinary suspending.
tapes, and they are made fast thereto by passing eyelets through the
tapes and through the central or cloth portion of the hoops. This.
arrangement avoids the necessity for using metal clasps for the like

page_text: purpose, and the insertion of the eyelets in the hoops between the steel
ribbons (which form the edges) serves to keep the ribs apart, and
prevent the hoops from being crushed edgewise. Fitted to the upper
part of this skirt is a bustle or dress improver, composed, by preference,
of steel ribs, constructed as above explained, and terminating in eyes
that slide upon the ribs forming the upper part of the skirt. Made fast
to the ribs of the bustle are tapes pendent from the waist band of the
skirt, and capable of being detached and also shortened or lengthened by
buckles or their equivalents. By this means the bustle may be let down
until it rests on the skirt; it will then be out of use. Or it may be
raised to any desired height to adjust the fall of the dress as desired.
In some cases I make the bustle of moulded felted cloth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FOOTSTEPS FOR UPRIGHT SPINDLES AND SHAPTS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Berry at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th March
1868.
I, WILLIAM BERRY, of the Firm of Benjamin Berry and Sons, of
Bradford, in the County of York, Machine Makers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FOOTSTEPS FOR
UPRIGHT SPINDLES AND SHAPTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates chiefly to the footsteps or foot bearings of the
rotary spindles employed in the various machines used in spinning and
doubling fibrous subtances, but is equally applicable to all rotary
spindles or shafts which are placed in an upright or vertical position.
The object of the Invention is to effect a better and more economical
lubrication of such spindles or shafts, and also diminish wear and tear
thereof.
The improvements consist in constructing footsteps with a circular
or annular cavity or recess in the top part around the ordinary recess
(which receives the foot of the said spindle or shaft), thus forming a
reservoir to contain oil or other lubricant, and a small hole or passage

page_text: is formed from the bottom of the reservoir into the ordinary recess to
admit a constant supply of the lubricant, so as to keep the space betwixt
the foot of the spindle and the step always full, and yet none be thrown
out or off by the centrifugal force arising from the rotation of the
spindle or shaft. A portable cover is applied on this reservoir to keep
out dirt.
AN IMPROVED LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING MACHINE BY MEANS OF TYMPAN AND SELF-ACTING GRIPPING SCRAPER TO BE WORKED BY HAND, STEAM, OR OTHER POWER
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Christie at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
February 1868.
I, JOHN CHRISTIE, of the Borough and County of Newcastle-upon-
Tyne, Stationer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING MACHINE BY MEANS OF
TYMPAN AND SELF-ACTING GRIPPING SCRAPER TO BE WORKED BY HAND, STEAM,
OR OTHER POWER," to be as follows:-
AN ENDLESS
The Invention consists of an endless tympan of leather or any other
flexible substance revolving upon rollers. The paper or other substance
which is intended to receive the impression is placed upon a table, and
the stone or any other material used for lithography is made to travel
under the tympan, within which is fixed a scraper in a box which
grips and secures the paper or other substance between the stone
and the said tympan without the use of cylinder and grippers by
means of a crosshead workin on motion rollers, the pressure being
regulated as necessary by a screw. The tympan and scraper are made
self-acting by connecting rods driven by a cam from the main shaft

page_text: connected with crank axles to the crosshead working on motion bars.
The scraper box is connected with the crosshead by a screw in the centre
which regulates the pressure. The tympan is worked by a large
roller having rack wheels which are worked by a rack attached to
the carriage.