CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN COKE OVENS, AND IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR WORKING THE SAME OR CONNECTED THEREWITH; AND A MODE OR MODES OF APPLYING CERTAIN PORTIONS OF COKE, OR THE RESIDUAL PRODUCTS OF COKE, TO HEATING AND LIGHTING
Year: 1849

page_text: FISHER'S SPECIFICATION AND DISCLAIMER.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
FISHER, of Upholland, in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Eighth day of February,
One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine, in the twelfth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Henry Fisher, my exors, adññiors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full power,
sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Henry Fisher, my exors, admors,
and assigns, and such others as I, the said Henry Fisher, my exors, adñiors,
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in the Islands of Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney,
Sark, and Man, and in all Her said Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad,
my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN COKE OVENS, AND IN MACHINERY AND
APPARATUS FOR WORKING THE SAME OR CONNECTED THEREWITH; AND A MODE OR
MODES OF APPLYING CERTAIN PORTIONS OF COKE, OR THE RESIDUAL PRODUCTS OF
COKE, TO HEATING AND LIGHTING;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a
proviso, that I, the said Henry Fisher, should cause a particular description of
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to be inrolled in
Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next

page_text: and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in
and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.
AND WHEREAS, subsequently to the date of the grant of the said
Letters Patent, I discovered that my said Invention, in so far as it relates to
"A Mode or Modes of Applying certain Portions of Coke, or the Residual
Products of Coke, to Heating and Lighting," was not wholly new as to the
public knowledge, use, and exercise thereof, and I thereupon obtained the fiat
of Her Majesty's Attorney General, pursuant to the Statute in that case made
and provided, for the entry of a Disclaimer of the said last quoted portion of
the title, which Disclaimer as accordingly entered on the day of the date of
these Presents, so that the title of the said Letters Patent now stands as
follows: "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN COKE OVENS, AND IN MACHINERY AND
APPARATUS FOR WORKING THE SAME OR CONNECTED THEREWITH."
NOW KNOW YE, that, in compliance, with the said proviso, I, the said
Henry Fisher, hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, are fully described and ascertained
in and by the present Specification thereof, reference being had to the
Drawings hereunto annexed, that is to say :-
Firstly, my Invention consists in the construction of coke ovens so that
there shall always be a due supply of atmospheric air admitted into the oven
after the first ignition of the coal or slack, and that the bulk of the supply
shall be introduced at as great a distance as may be from the ignited materials,
and thereby the more completely combine with and effect the combustion of
the gases arising from the same. As coke ovens are now commonly con-
structed, the air employed to keep up the combustion during the process of
coking is admitted near to the surface of the burning mass; and though great
pains are in some cases taken to diffuse it equally over the entire surface, yet,
owing to the close contact of the air with the coal, there is always a con-
siderable portion of the air which combines with the solid carbon of the coal,
and becomes thereby converted into carbonic acid and carbonic oxide, which
escape from the oven. Again, there is usually a very deficient supply of fresh
air where it is most wanted, namely, immediately under the crown of the arch
where the gases accumulate, the consequence of which is, that a considerable
portion of these gases passes off unconsumed; from these different causes there
is always a great loss in the yield of coke produced from a given quantity of
coal, and also a less quantity of coke manufactured in a given time from a
given superficial area of oven. The quality of the coke produced is also
impaired, for, the hotter the oven and the more the crude materials are kept

page_text: from direct contact with the atmospheric air, the greater always is the yield
and the denser and purer the coke. Moreover, the quantity of the gases
which escapes in an unconsumed state from ovens into the atmosphere is
frequently much increased, their being allowed to pass directly from each
5 oven into the atmosphere. Attempts have been made to remedy this evil by
causing a number of ovens to discharge themselves into one common flue,
terminating in a lofty chimney; but though by this means most of the gases
are consumed before passing into the atmospheric air, and a saving of heat is
effected, yet the chimney produces an excessive draught from the ovens and
through all the air flues into the ovens, which is injurious to the quality of the
coke, and causes a decreased yield from a given quantity of coal or slack. It
is not more necessary to the production of good coke that the heat should be
great than that the draft into and from each oven should be gentle and equably
maintained during the process of coking.
The better to accomplish these various objects, I construct the ovens in the
manner represented in Figures 1 to 11, both inclusive, of the Drawings hereunto
annexed. Figure I. is a front elevation of an oven with the door open; Figure
2 is a back elevation; Figure 3 is a plan of two of a series of ovens, the same
as Figures 1 and 2; Figure 4 is a longitudinal section on the line B, C, of
Figure 8; Figure 5, a longitudinal section on the line M, M, of Figure 3;
Figure 6 is a longitudinal section on the line K, L, of Figure 3; Figure 6º, a
transverse section of a single oven on the line R, S, of Figure 3; Figure 7
is a section on the line N, D, of Figure 8; Figures 8 and 9 represent a section
on the line O, P, of Figure 3; Figure 10 is a view of the interior of the oven
on a horizontal line above the door; Figure 10° is a view of the floor of the
oven with the door and back opening closed; Figure 11 is a view of the floor
with the door and back opening open.
A (Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,) is the main flue, which is carried on the top of the
back wall, and leads the gases arising from a series of ovens into the chimney.
2, a, (Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 6, 7, 8, and 9,) are passages, which convey the
air from the front and back of the oven, over and down through the arch, into
he interior of the oven, where the gases arising from the coal or slack
ccumulate. 6, 61, 6, 6, (Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,) are air passages leading into
he front and back of the oven, and k (Figures 2 and 4) is an arch under the
ack wall of the oven. M', M', M', (Figures 7, 8, 9,) are the piers which divide
he ovens; D (Figures 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9,) is a discharge flue, which runs
long the top of each alternate pier immediately above the spring of the arch,
nd is common to the two adjoining ovens. c, c, (Figures 3, 4, 8, and 9,) are
assages, which convey the used gases from each pair of ovens into other

page_text: passages h, h, (Figures 3 and 5,) which terminate at a, Figure 3, where they
open into the common discharge flue D. 7 (Figure 5) is an air hole for
admitting air into D; (a similar longitudinal discharge flue D may be also
applied to single ovens, in order to obviate the necessity for a tall chimney.)
F (Figures 4 and 7) is the aperture in the top of each oven, through which it 5
is charged with coal and slack, according to the plan for which Letters Patent
were granted to John Cox, on the Twenty-first day of November, One thousand
eight hundred and forty, as the same has been improved by me in the manner
described under the second head of this Specification. E (Figures 3, 8, and 9,)
is the chimney. F, f, (Figure 4) are the tiles and bricks which close the door 1
in front of the oven, and G those which close it at the back. The principal
peculiarities in the construction of these ovens (so far as regards this first head
of my Invention) to which I lay claim are, first, the auxiliary air passages a, a,
which convey the air through the arch into the interior of the oven at the top
where the gases accumulate, and where direct contact with the crude or
burning materials is impossible; and second, the discharge flue D, common
to every two ovens of a series which does away with the necessity for the lofty
chimney ordinarily attached to coke ovens. The dimensions which I find most
suitable in practice for these improved ovens are the following; videlicet,
width in front, seven feet, gradually diminishing to 6 feet at the back; height
from-the floor to the spring of the arch, about four feet and one quarter; and
versed sine of the arch over the oven, about ten inches; but I vary these
dimensions according to the kind of coal to be coked, and sometimes form the
oven throughout the same width as the door. The sides of the arch being
parallel, I make the front and back openings of the entire width of the oven
at front and back respectively, or nearly so. The air flues a, a, and b, b, arc
represented in the Drawings as being formed in alternate piers, but they may
be formed in the same pier, if preferred, without any material prejudice to the
system of action. When the coal is sufficiently ignited, I sometimes diminish
the supply of air through the front and back openings (b, b', and b, b,)
and depend mainly for a supply of air from the top flues a, a, through
the arch.
Secondly, my Invention consists of certain improvements in the method of
charging coke ovens before referred to as having been patented by John Cox.
Figure 12 is a front elevation, and Figure 13 a back elevation, of an oven
embodying my said improvements; Figure 14 is a plan of two of a series of
such ovens; Figure 15 is a section on the line A, B, of Figure 14; Figure 16
is a longitudinal section of the pier which separates the pair of ovens in
Figure 14 on the line I, K; Figures 15 and 16" are sections of an oven con-

page_text: structed according to Cox's Patent, taken on the same line as the sections of
my improved oven, given in Figures 15 and 16, in order to show more clearly
the differences in construction between them; Figure 17 is a section on the
line L, M, of the plan, Figure 14; Figure 18 is a plan of the floor with the
door of the oven, and the aperture at the back open; and Figure 19 is a
horizontal plan of the oven above the door where the front air flues b¹, b¹,
and back air flues b, b, as in Figures 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, enter the ovens.
N (Figures 15 and 15") is the oven; F (Figure 15) is the hole for charging
the oven with coal or slack; (see also Figures 4 and 7 of the Drawings
described under the first head of this Specification.) G (Figures 15, 15º,
and 17) is the top arch; and H, the bottom arch. The bottom arch H
(see Figure 15) is not carried through to the back of the oven, but stops short
at W, leaving an open space R the whole width of the oven, and immediately
beneath the charging hole F, which enables me to introduce the coal or slack
direct to the oven from the top and at the back thereof without passing
through more than one arch. By referring to Figure 15*, it will be seen that
in Cox's oven the bottom arch is carried quite through to the back, and that
the same thing could only be effected by cutting a passage through both
arches, as indicated by the dotted lines V. The opening R, Figure 15, serves
also as a passage for the ascent of the gases from the interior of the into
the flue C, which runs along the top of the oven between the top and bottom
arches G and H. a, a, (Figures 13, 14, 16, 17,) are the air flues over and
through the top arch, as described under the first head of this Specification.
6', 6', are air holes in the front, and b, b, other air holes in the back of
the oven, as in Figures 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, and 19. D is a discharge flue,
common to the pair of ovens in Figure 14, and into which the used
gases from the ovens escape through the passages c, c, and h, h, and unite
at d, as in the ovens first herein-before described. P is the chimney. Q
(Figure 15) is a passage of the whole width of the oven, for the escape of
the gases from the interior into the flue C which leads to the chimney. h is an
air hole, which leads from the front of the oven into the flue C; and i
(Figure 16") is another flue, which conveys the air from the front to the back
of the pier (separating a pair of ovens), and is continued at k across the back
with lateral openings into the interior of the oven. Sometimes, instead of using
the opening R (Figure 15) for the passage of the gases from the interior of
the oven into the over flue C, I make a separate opening for the purpose in
the front, similar to that marked Q in Cox's oven, Figure 15ª, and of the entire
width of the oven; but in that case I stop the flue at the part W, and carry up
a wall from that part to the upper arch G, as indicated in dotted lines in
oven

page_text: Figures 14 and 16. Again, I sometimes shorten the top arch G, instead of
the lower arch H, that is to say, I carry it no further than the point W, and
carry the lower arch quite to the back of the oven, but leave an opening in it
immediately under the charging opening F; but I prefer on the whole the plan
first described, because by this plan I am euabled to carry the discharge flue D
the whole length of the separating pier, as shewn in Figures 14 and 16.
Thirdly, my Invention consists of a distributing break, to be applied to coke
ovens, for the purpose of intercepting the coal or slack when thrown in from
the top through an opening, such as that before mentioned, (F, Figs. 4,7,14,15,)
and spreading it more over the interior of the oven than heretofore. When
the coal or slack is thrown in as usual, without anything to break its fall, it
descends heavily on one part of the bottom of the oven, and becomes heaped up
there in a very compressed state; whereas to effect the coking well, the coal or
slack should be spread evenly over the entire floor of the oven, so that the heat
may the more completely permeate the entire mass. The construction of the
distributing break which I employ is represented in Figure 20, and also in
Figure 7 of the Drawings, described under the first head of this Specification.
It consists of two iron plates b, b, b, b, and c, c, c, c, of which skeleton representa-
tions are given in Figure 20, which are swivelled to one common shaft A, and
are free to diverge to any extent permitted by the chord chains E, E; when
used, it is dropped endwise and in a folded or collapsed state down the hole F,
(Figures 4, 7, and 14 and 15;) by means of the chain B; it is then turned round
on its face by the chains D, D, and made secure by these chains to the top of
the outside of the oven, as shewn in Figure 7, on which the plates expand and
assume the roof-like position represented in Figure 20, and serve not only to
break the force of the fall of the coal or slack, but to distribute it over the floor
of the oven. To raise the apparatus out of the way, it is only necessary to ease
the chains D, D, and pull up by the chain B, when the plates will collapse as
before and return through the whole.
Fourthly, my Invention consists in certain other machinery or apparatus to
be used in connection with coke ovens, for the purpose of drawing or discharging
the coke from the oven, and in certain alterations in the construction of the
ovens. In order to adapt parts of such machinery or apparatus thereto, I use
for this purpose what I call "a cold cradle," of which a plan is given in
Figure 21. A, B, C, is a square or other shaped rod, which is passed through
a tube H, I, K, (which may be of either of the forms shewn in the cross sections
G and N, Figure 22, or of any other suitable form,) and then through an
aperture in a back draw plate D, E, set on its edge, beyond which it terminates
in a screwed end, to which a nut F (Figure 23) is fitted. The rod A, B, C,

page_text: and draw plate D, E, may be connected in any suitable manner. The mode
in which I use the apparatus is as follows:-Either before or during the
charging of the oven I place the tube H, I, K, (detached from the other parts)
on the floor of the oven, as represented in Figure 10 of the first set of Drawings,.
before described, and leave it there during the process. of coking. When the.
process has been completed, and it is desired to discharge the coke, I remove
the tiles and bricks F, f, and G, from the front and back of the oven (see
Figure 4), and insert at the opening W (Figure 2) the draw plate D, E; I
next pass the rod from the opposite end through the tube and back plate, and
make it fast by the nut F, after which I attach a rope or chain to the eye at
the near end A of the rod. The "cold cradle" is now ready to be drawn
forwards, in which position it is represented in Figure 11, and when..drawn
forward it brings of necessity along with it the whole of the mass of coke
within the oven. I call it a "cold cradle," because the parts, namely, the rod
and draw plate, which are most liable to tear and wear (especially if used in a
heated state), are not left in the oven during the process of coking, and are
exposed to the heat only when in actual use and while yet in a cold state; the
tube suffers nothing, because it is completely enclosed in the coke, and thus
protected from oxidation, besides which it is always in a state of rest, and not
subjected, like the rod and draw plate, to tension or deflection or other disturbing
force of any kind.
Instead of using a tube through which to pass the rod passages, for it may
be made in or on the floor of the oven, as indicated by the letters g and p in
Figures 1 and 2, or in the side walls at m and n, in Figure 6ª, or in any part
of the side wall above m and n, these passages being open at the sides next the
oven, and covered during the process of coking by pieces of angle iron or other
material; but I prefer the tube, as being on the whole attended with the least
trouble.
Instead also of the mass of coke being drawn out of the oven, it may be
pushed out, by applying a rod to the back of the cold plate D, E; but there is
a practical disadvantage attending such an inversion of the process. When the
drawing out plan is followed, the coke can be drawn out to any distance from
the oven on to the floor in front, there to be watered and cooled, without the least
inconvenience; but to push out the coke to the same extent from behind, it
would be requisite to use rods of such a length that they would be difficult to
handle, and exceedingly liable to become warped. When ovens are built back
to back, as is sometimes the case, (and the introduction of the draw plate at
the back is thereby rendered impracticable, I use a drawing apparatus of the

page_text: description represented in Figures 24 and 25. D, E, is a draw plate, as before,
which is placed at the back of the oven before charging; and H, I, K,
Figure 21, are two tubes, which are also before charging laid on the floor of
the oven parallel to or in any suitable position with respect to each other,
and at a distance apart, conformable to the width of the oven. Both the
tubes and draw plate remain in the oven during the process of coking.
On proceeding to draw the oven, the rods a, a, are passed through the
tubes H, I, K, and through two sockets or bosses i, k, m, in the draw
plate, of the form represented on an enlarged scale in the section, Figure 25;
and to the inner ends of the rods a, a, short cross pieces c, c, are attached,
which, on being turned half round, catch hold of the draw plate after the rods
are in their places. A connecting bar or brace d is passed through eye. holes
in the near ends of the rods, and a rope or chain E is attached to the centre of
the brace d, by means of which the apparatus and the coke along with it are
drawn out of the oven. Sometimes I make the draw plate D, E, (which is
here stated as being left in the oven during the process of coking) hollow, and
keep it supplied with water by inlet and outlet pipes, which can be connected
or removed from the draw plate at pleasure. The water keeps the plate cool,
and prevents the rapid destruction which a solid plate would be liable to.
Figure 24ª exhibits a modification of a coke-discharging apparatus, which is
kept cool by the flow of water through it. The apparatus is represented in
the Figure partly in section. It consists of three intercommunicating tubes,
firmly united and arranged in the form of an isosceles triangle, the two equal
sides of which terminate in eyes, through which a connecting bolt g, h, is passed,
having an eye o in the centre, to which a pulling chain or rope is attached.
e is an aperture for the admission of cold water; and f, another aperture, for
the escape of the water, or of any steam which may be generated from it in
the course of its passage through the tubes. The apparatus is placed on the
floor of the oven before charging, with the ends projecting out from the door-
way, and the aperture e connected by a service pipe, with some convenient
head of water, while another pipe attached to the aperture f conveys away the
discharged water or steam; another sort of drawing apparatus, by which the
rods may be introduced over the top of the coke, is represented in Figures 26
and 27, which last is a sectional view of part of an oven with the apparatus
applied to it. The line G denotes the floor of the oven, and the space from G
to c the height of the batch of coke which is to be withdrawn; D, E, is a draw
plate, as before, which is introduced after the coking process has been com-
pleted through an opening S made in the back wall E, K, of the oven, and of

page_text: nearly the entire width of the oven. The rods a, a, are passed over the top of
the coke, and through holes in the ends of the draw plate, after which they are
made fast behind the plate by pins or cotters, or otherwise, and drawn towards
one another, so as to form with the plate the figure of a triangle. A chain or
rope or bar is then passed through the eyes in the two near ends, and by pulling
thereat, the apparatus along with the entire batch of coke is withdrawn. W, in
Figure 27, indicates an opening at the back of the oven, as in Figures 2 and 4;
but when I use this particular description of drawing apparatus, I generally
keep this opening closed. 6, in the same Figure, is one of the air flues. Instead
of attaching a draw plate thro' the back of the oven, as in the preceding appa-
ratus, after the coking process has been completed, a horizontal or flat plate may
be laid on the floor quite at the back of the oven previous to charging, and left
there during the coking process; and then each rod may be made with a prong
projecting from one end, which prong would be flat while the rod was being
pushed over the coke (after completion of the coking process), but could by a
quarter turn be turned round into a vertical position, so as to penetrate behind
the mass of coke, and take into any one of a row of holes or pins made in or
on the back edge of the draw plate. Some kinds of coal during the process of
coking shrink or part from the back wall of the oven, so far as to allow of a
draw plate being introduced from above between the coke and the back wall,
in which case no opening in the back wall is required; and an apparatus may
be used, similar to the one described in Figure 26, but having the rods and
draw plate firmly united together, much after the manner of a common rake
or hoe.
Figure 28 is a view of the sort of apparatus which is in common use for
drawing coke ovens, and is merely given here in order to exhibit more clearly
the improvements which I have effected. All the parts of this apparatus are
firmly united together by welding and cottering, and it is inserted entire into the
oven before charging, and remains there during the process of coking. The
inevitable consequence of this is, that the whole of it is raised to nearly a white
heat by the time it is required to be made use of for drawing out the coke, in
which state.it is ill qualified to withstand the great strain to which it is neces-
sarily subjected; and though in the first instance the draw plate r, s, is like the
rest of the apparatus, covered and protected by the coal or slack, yet in the
course of the coking process the coal and slack shrink towards the centre of
the oven, and part from the back and side walls, leaving an open space all
round, through which the atmospheric air enters, which, acting on the draw
plate in its highly ignited state, produces a most destructive degree of oxidation.

page_text: From these various causes this apparatus becomes very rapidly worn out and
unfit for use, and forms a large item in the cost of manufacturing coke; but
with any of my improved descriptions of drawing apparatus the greater part of
that waste and consequent expense is entirely avoided, because in each case the
principal parts are only used in a cold or very slightly heated state.
In drawing the ovens I make use of one or other of the posts T and V,
shewn in Figure 4 as being fixed in the ground opposite to the front of the
oven, according as one or the other of the modes of drawing, before described,
is adopted. When I draw from underneath the coke I use the post T, which
is in a line with the floor of the oven, and has a pulley on the top, which serves
to direct the rope or chain to any suitable motive power; and when I draw
the coke by any apparatus thrown over the top of the coke I use the
post V, which is raised above the ground to about the level of the top of
the coke.
Fifthly, my Invention consists in the employment of a new arrangement,
combination, and formation of materials in the construction of coke-discharging
apparatuses, whereby the same will be rendered under all possible circum-
stances more durable than those in common use, and may be protected to a
great extent from the effects of the extreme heat to which they are exposed
when in the oven. Instead of making the draw plates and rods of solid metal,
I make them of hollow metal or other suitable material, and ram each piece
full of fine sand well dried, or pounded brick, or any other substance in a
pounded or granular state, which is a slow conductor of heat. I then close up
the piece hermetically, or with the exception of a small vent hole, which is to
be left, to allow of the escape of any steam or rarefied air which may be
generated in the interior. I find that hollow plates and rods thus charged will
last uninjured for a much longer time than when made solid as usual.
Sixthly, my Invention consists of an improved machine or apparatus, to be
used in connection with coke ovens, for lifting and removing the tiles employed
in closing and opening the different apertures into the ovens. These tiles are
at present usually removed by a machine, which consists of an axle and wheels,
to which a pair of shafts are attached, which shafts project beyond the rims of
the wheels, and pierce the tile in holes at or a little above the centre, as repre-
sented at h and c, in Figure 29. From the pressure of the tiles by their own
weight on the ends of the shafts they often crack and fly, and when this takes
place they are rendered useless; to obviate this evil I construct the machine
in the manner represented in Figure 30. a, a, a, are the wheels and axle;
b, b, a pair of shafts for moving the machine; c, d, e, f, is an upright frame,

page_text: which is attached by four supports i, i, i, i, to the axle; f, e, g, h, is a foot
piece, which is attached to the bottom of the frame at the back, and nearly at
right angles with it; k and are hooks, which are pendent from and slide upon
the top rail of the frame c, d, e, f. Let us now suppose that a tile E, such
as represented at Figure 31, is to be removed; it is first placed in a frame
a, b, c, d, e, which fits it exactly (the bottoni angle groove 'd extending the whole
width of the frame), and secured to it by bolts, as at c and f. The foot of the
machine (Figure 30) is then inserted into the groove d, and the hooks / and
at top made fast to eye bolts in the top of the tile frame, as at a', Figure 31.
The tile is now firmly secured to the machine, and can be removed without
the least risk of breakage. I sometimes dispense with the frame a, b, c, d, e,
merely inserting the foot of the machine into the bottom groove d, and
throwing the hooks over the top of the tile, as at o, p, in Figure 32; and
sometimes also I remove two tiles at a time, by placing one tile over or upon
the top of another, as represented in Figure 33. In this case I attach at qa
supplementary cross bar or foot, as f, e, g, h, which serves as a foot to support
the top tile, and also carries an additional pair of hooks for the bottom tile.
When the tiles are placed in a frame, as a, b, c, d, e, Figure 31, I sometimes
use another form of machine than that represented in Figure 30. The other
machine referred to is composed of a pair of wheels and axle, as a, a, a, a, a,
and shaft b, b, similar to those in Figure 30, the other part of the first machine
being dispensed with. But I extend the ends of the shafts 6, b, beyond the
rims of the wheels, and fix a cross bar on the end of each, as shewn at 9,
Figure 31 (6 at Figure 31 representing the extended end of shaft 6). The
cross bar g takes hold of the hook k of the frame a, b, c, d, e, Figure 31, and
by depressing the shaft b, b, the frame and tile are raised and can be removed
at pleasure. In every case the tiles are supported from the bottom, instead of
from the centre or thereabouts, as in the ordinary machine, and the machine
or frame supports the whole weight of the tile or tiles; I consequently save
thereby a great part of the breakage of tiles, which now takes place, and the
consequent loss of materials, time, and labor.
Seventhly and lastly, my Invention consists in connecting with coke ovens
certain other machinery or apparatus, by which, after the process of coking is
completed, the coke may be more expeditiously cooled, and with less damage
to the quality of the article than heretofore. At present the cooling is ordi-
narily accomplished, either by throwing water in large quantities into the oven,
or by throwing like quantities of water on the coke when drawn out on to the
floor in front of the oven; or by transferring the coke to a cold oven, where it

page_text: is left to cool by effluxion of time; or by leaving the coke to cool in the oven
where it was manufactured, and shutting up that oven as far as practicable
from the external atmosphere. But by the first of these processes the oven is
damaged in its structure by the sudden flashing of the water into steam; by
the second, the coke is injured in appearance and quality; and by the third
and fourth, the atmosphere is never sufficiently excluded to prevent combustion
going on in the coke to a greater or less extent after all combustion should
have entirely ceased. I obviate these defects in the existing processes by
employing in the manner following the agency of either steam or carbonic
acid gas, to put an end to the combustion:-If steam is to be used, I connect
the coke oven by a pipe with a steam boiler, heated by the waste gases from
one or more of the ovens, or in any other convenient way; or if carbonic acid
gas, I connect the oven by a pipe with some adjacent lime kiln, or, failing that,
with some furnace, to the coal in which I sometimes add a little coke or
charcoal or lime. Each pipe is provided with a cock, to shut and open the
communication, as required. A fan may also be attached to the connecting
pipe in order to produce the necessary draught. As soon as the coking process
has been finished, I close up all the openings into the oven as completely as
I can, and then let on the steam or carbonic acid gas, as the case may be,
either of which speedily expels the atmospheric air from the oven and puts an
end to the combustion.
And having now described the nature of my Invention in the several parts
thereof, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that the
improvements which I claim as of my Invention are as follows:-
First, I claim the constructing of coke ovens with air passages through the
arch or roof into the interior, for the introduction of atmospheric air into the
midst of the gases immediately under the arch or roof, as before described.
Second, I claim the construction of pairs of coke ovens, with a longitudinal
discharge flue D on the top of the pier which separates them, common to both
ovens, as before described; and also the construction of single ovens, with a
similar longitudinal discharge fluc.
Third, I claim the improvement in Cox's patent coke oven, before described,
in so far as regards the forming of a passage through either the top or the
bottom arch, or through both, for the purpose of charging the oven from the
top with coal or slack; and in so far also as regards the application to pairs
of ovens or single ovens of the longitudinal discharge flue D, as before
described.
Fourth. I claim the employment, in connection with coke ovens which are

page_text: harged through an opening or openings in the top or arch, of the distributing
break, before described, and of all equivalent apparatuses or instruments for
breaking the force of the fall of the coal or slack before reaching the floor of
the oven, and preventing it from accumulating there in compressed heaps.
Fifth, I claim the formation and use of coke discharging apparatuses in
separate and detached or detachable parts, instead of in one, as heretofore, that
is to say, in parts, some of which are or may be inserted before charging the
oven, and the others are inserted only after the coking process has been com-
pleted, as before described.
Sixth, I claim the introducing of the draw plates and draw rods of coke-
discharging apparatuses, or either of them, into the oven after the coking has
been or is about to be completed, or when the coke is required to be withdrawn,
as also before exemplified.
Seventh, I claim the introducing into the oven, at the back thereof, of the
draw plate while charging the oven, and leaving it there during the process of
coking, to be thereafter, or when the process is about to be completed, connected
with the draw rods, as also before exemplified.
Eighth, I claim the formation of a passage or passages through or under or
alongside of the mass of coke in coke ovens for the purpose of inserting a
draw rod or rods through the same, whether such passage or passages is or
are effected by means of tubes as aforesaid, or by means of covered ways made
in or on the floor or in the side wall or walls, as aforesaid, or by any other
suitable means.
Ninth, I claim the employment in coke-discharging apparatuses of hollow
plates, bars, and rods, left, both or either or all of them, in the oven during
the process of coking, whether the same have or have not water flowing through
them during the said process, or are filled or not filled with sand or other solid
materials, as before described.
Tenth, I claim the making of openings in the back walls of coke ovens for
the purpose of introducing the draw plate, as before exemplified.
Eleventh, I claim the discharging of the coke from coke ovens by means of
rods passed over the top of the coke and connected to a draw plate at one
end thereof, as before described, whether the rods are attached to the plate
through an opening in the back of the oven after the plate has been introduced
into its place or are permanently attached thereto.
Twelfth, I claim the improved machines and tile frame for lifting and sup-
porting and raising the tiles employed for opening and closing the apertures of
coke ovens, before described.

page_text: Thirteenth, I claim the connecting of coke ovens with steam boilers or lime
kilns or furnaces, for the purpose of supplying steam or carbonic acid gas to
extinguish the fire or put an end to the combustion of the coke."
And, fourteenth, I claim the various improvements before described, in so
far as they or any of them, or any part of any of them, may be applied to or
used in the pushing (instead of pulling) coke out of coke ovens.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Fisher, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of July; in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine

page_text: In the Matter of a Patent granted to Henry Fisher, of Upholland,
Lancaster, Gentleman, for his Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN COKE OVENS, AND IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR WORKING THE
SAME OR CONNECTED THEREWITH; AND A MODE OR MODES OF APPLYING
CERTAIN PORTIONS OF COKE, OR THE RESIDUAL PRODUCTS OF COKE, TO
HEATING AND LIGHTING," bearing date at Westminster, the Eighth
day of February, One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine.
DISCLAIMER proposed to be entered by Henry Fisher with the Clerk of the
Patents of England, pursuant to an Act passed in the fifth and sixth
years of the reign of His late Majesty King William the Fourth, entitled
"An Act to amend the Law touching Letters Patent for Inventions."
I, the said Henry Fisher, do declare that since the granting of the said
Letters Patent I have discovered that my improvements in "a mode or modes
of applying certain portions of coke, or the residual products of coke, to
heating and lighting," were not wholly new as to the public knowledge, use,
and exercise thereof; therefore I am desirous to and do hereby disclaim
the words "A mode or modes of applying certain portions of coke, or the
residual products of coke, to heating and lighting;" so that the title of my
Invention may then stand as follows:-" CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN COKE
OVENS, AND IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR WORKING THE SAME OR CONNECTED
THEREWITH."
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Fisher, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of July, One thousand eight
hundred and forty-nine.
To the Clerk of the Patents of England.
This is to certify, that Henry Fisher, of Upholland, in the County of
Lancaster, Gentleman, has applied to me for leave to enter with you the above
written Disclaimer of a certain Invention, for which Letters Patent were
granted to him under the Great Seal, bearing date the 8th day of February
1849; and having considered of the said application, and no objection having
been made to the same, I have accordingly granted leave to the said Henry

page_text: Fisher to file is said Disclaimer, pursuant to the Statute passed in tho
5th and 6th years of the reign of His late Majesty King William the 4th,
entitled An Act to amend the Law touching Letters Patent for Inventions.
Temple, July 27th, 1849.
JOHN JERVIS.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-seventh day of July,
in the year of our Lord 1849, the aforesaid Henry Fisher came before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Disclaimer
aforesaid, and all, and everything therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Disclaimer aforesaid was stamped according to
the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.