AN IMPROVEMENT IN TREATING FATTY AND OILY MATTERS
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Anton Von Schuttenbach, of St. Petersburgh, for the
Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN TREATING FATTY AND OILY MATTERS."
Sealed the 27th August 1858, and dated the 1st March 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Anton Von Schuttenbach
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st March 1858.
I, ANTON VON SCHUTTENBACH, of St. Petersburgh, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN TREATING FATTY AND OILY
MATTERS," to be as follows:-
In the Specification of a former Patent granted to me I have described
a process consisting in distilling fatty matters, passing the vapours through a
bed of quicklime, and then mixing these vapours with the vapours of
paraffine. Now, my present Invention consists in distilling fatty and oily
matters, passing the vapours through a bed of quicklime or other alkaline
earth or alkali, and then at once condensing the vapours without mixing them
with paraffine vapours. In this way I obtain a product of good quality at a
considerably less cost than when paraffine is employed.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Anton Von Schuttenbach in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 31st August 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ANTON
VON SCHUTTENBACH, of St. Petersburgb, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Anton Von Schuttenbach, Her special licence that I, the said Anton Von
Schuttenbach, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Anton Von Schuttenbach, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN TREATING FATTY AND OILY MATTERS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Anton Von Schuttenbach, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Anton Von Schuttenbach, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
In the Specification of a former Patent granted to me, I have described a
process consisting in distilling fatty matters, passing the vapours through a
bed. of quicklime, and then mixing these vapours with the vapours of paraffine.
Now, my present Invention consists in distilling fatty and oily matters, passing
the vapours through a bed of quicklime or other alkaline earth or alkali, and
then at once condensing the vapours without mixing them with paraffine
vapours. In this way I obtain a product of good quality at a considerably
less cost than when paraffine is employed.
And in order that my said Invention may be most fully understood, and

page_text: Figure 1 is a plan, and Figure 2 is a longitudinal section, of the apparatus
which I prefer to employ to carry out my Invention. The section, Figure 2,
is taken at the line A, B, Figure 1. a is a vessel of cast or wrought iron, for
receiving the fatty or oily matter to be distilled; it is supported within a bath b
for containing lead, which is kept liquid by the heat of the furnace c placed
underneath. Within the vessel a are two perforated plates a¹ and a², which
divide it into three separate compartments, and there is a pipe opening into
the upper compartment by which the fat may be admitted to that compart-
ment, and the fat or oil so admitted falls in a shower through the fine perfora-
tions of the plate a¹ into the body of the vessel a; the perforations in the
plate a should be about of an inch in diameter. There is also another pipe
which opens into the lower compartment of the vessel a, and by it superheated
steam is admitted, and it escapes through the perforations of the plate a², and
comes in contact with the descending shower of fat or oil. The perforations of
the plate a² should be about three times the size of those of the plate a². At a³
there are two other perforated plates, one placed over the other so as to prevent
any of the unvolatilized fat being mechanically carried over. The vapours and
gases produced in the vessel a pass over by the pipe d into the tube e, in
which quicklime (by preference) is placed. f is a lead bath for heating the
lime in the tube. The volatilized, fatty, or oily vapour from the vessel a after
passing through the lime enters the receiving vessel g, into which steam also
passes from the boiler h by the pipe i, and enters the said receiving vessel
through the grating j, and the steam with the condensed vapours escape by
the pipe k, and pass through a worm contained in the tub e, and kept cool by
water, and as the condensed product escapes from the end of the worm, it is
received into suitable vessels. m is a pipe by which the incondensible gases
are led away and discharged into the furnace of the steam boiler. The
operation is conducted in the following manner:-The U pipe e is charged
through the opening e¹ with the quantity of powdered quicklime necessary to
absorb the carbonic acid gas, which will be generated by the distillation of the
charge of fat or oil with which it is to be worked, and this quantity should at
first be ascertained by an experiment on a small scale. The lime should be of
good quality, and should be laid in lightly. The fire should then be lighted
in the furnaces, so as to bring the lead in the baths to a melting state. When

page_text: the lead in the bath which surrounds the vessel a is perfectly fluid, superheated
steam is admitted under the perforated plate a²; this steam should be heated
to a temperature of about that of melting lead. The fat or oil to be distilled
(that which I prefer to employ being animal fat of inferior quality) is gradually
admitted to the vessel a, taking care to prevent the fat or oil accumulating to
.any extent therein. When the vapours after passing through the lime reach
the receiving vessel g they meet and are condensed by a jet of natural steam
from the boiler, and are swept by it into the condensing worm.
The resulting products separate on cooling into a solid fat and a fluid oil, and
in order to purify the solid matter it is washed with water and gently pressed; 1
it is then ready for the manufacture of candles.
I would remark that the distilling process should be carried on as rapidly
as possible, as by so doing the loss is less than when it is conducted slowly.
In witness whereof, I, the said Anton Von Schuttenbach, have hereunto
set my hand and. seal, this Seventh day of August, in the year of 1
old style
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
ANTON VON SCHUTTENBACH. (L.S.)
Guvernement Secretair of
St. Petersburg.
Witness,
Dr. Med. E. ARLT. (L.S.)
(L.S.) Proffessor AL. V. SEABY.