Apparatus for Illustrating the Generation of Ocean Currents.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Mar, 1889
Complete Specification Left, 20th May, 1889-Accepted, 22nd June, 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION,
Apparatus for Illustrating the Generation of Ocean Currents.
ARTHUR WILLIAM CLAYDEN M.A. University Extension Lecturer of Warleigh
Palace Road Tulse Hill Park, London, S.W. do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
Pieces of wood, metal or other material cut to represent the outlines of land
surfaces, are fastened in a tray so that the spaces between represent the Oceans or
Seas.
These oceans or seas are filled with a liquid, the surface of which so rendered
obvious by scattering on it a fine powder such as lycopodium powder or cork dust.
A blast of air is conducted through a number of tubes & delivered over the
surface of the liquid in such a way as to set up a system of currents resembling
those which actually circulate in the ocean or sea which is represented. .
Muted this 57+1, day of Mauch 1980
ARTHUR W. CLAYDEN.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION,
Apparatus for Illustrating the Generation of Ocean Currents.
ARTHUR WILLIAM CLAYDEN, of Warleigh, Palace Road, Tulse Hill Park London, S. W.,
M.A., University Extension Lecturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
A raised map of the world, or of any particular portion of the world which may
be desired, is constructed in such a manner that the portions which represent surfaces
of land are raised above those other portions which represent the basins of the Oceans
or Seas.
This map forms the bottom of a shallow tray which can be partly filled with water,
or some other liquid.
The quantity of liquid so introduced should be enough to fill the basins of the seas
and oceans nearly to the level of the raised surfaces which represent the land.
The result is to produce a map of the required district in which the land surfaces
are made of some solid material, while the seas or oceans are represented by the
surface of a liquid with which the hollows of the map are filled.
One or more boxes, reservoirs, or wind-chests are constructed so that air may be
blown into them from any convenient source, and they are provided with a number of
small tubes by which that air may escape.
These small tubes are either fixed to the map, or are attached to a frame or support
which may be fitted to it.
They are so arranged that when the blast of air is working and the support is
placed in its proper position, the jets of air from the tubes impinge obliquely upon the
surface of any liquid with which the hollows representing the oceans or seas may
be filled.
They are moreover also arranged so that when in position, as above described, the
various air jets combine to produce a circulation of air over the hollows representing
the oceans or seas, which approximately resembles the movements of the prevailing
winds over the actual seas or oceans represented.
The result will be to set up movements in the surface of any liquid with which
those hollows may be filled, similar to the system of currents existing in the actual
seas or oceans represented.

page_text: It is convenient to attach the wind-chests to the underside of the shallow tray, and
to bring the tubes up through those parts of the map which represent large land
surfaces. They can then be bent over and secured in their proper positions so as to
fulfil the conditions above described.
The inovements of the surface of the liquid are rendered obvious by scattering over
it some fine powder, such as hycopodium powder, cork dust, or fine saw-dust, which
will float upon, or remain suspended in or upon the liquid used.
"
"
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. The construction of maps in such a way that the portions which represent seas
or oceans may be filled with a liquid.
2. The representation of sea or ocean currents by movements produced in the
surface of that liquid.
3. The production of those currents by suitably directed currents of air.
4. The use of a fine light powder to render the movements of that liquid obvious.
Dated this 20th day of May 1889.
ARTHUR W. CLAYDEN.