IMPROVEMENTS IN ICE PAILS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Fuller, of Jermyn Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Ice Pail Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN ICE PAILS."
Sealed the 17th June 1856, and dated the 15th April 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Fuller at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
April 1856.
I, WILLIAM FULLER, of Jermyn Street, in the County of Middlesex, Ice
Pail Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN ICE PAILS, to be as follows:-
This Invention of improvements in ice pails, relates to that description of
pail in which ice creams or water ices are made, by exposing the cream or
liquid of which the ice is to be made to the action of a freezing mixture while
the liquid is kept in motion. Hitherto this object has been effected by placing
the liquid to be frozen in a conical or cylindrical metal vessel, which when
placed in the pail is surrounded with the freezing mixture, and rotary motion
is .communicated thereto by toothed gearing. Scrapers are-also fixed inside
the metal vessel for stirring the contents, and turning that portion thereof
which is frozen at the sides into the middle of the vessel, so that a fresh
quantity of liquid may become exposed to the action of the cold. In my im-
proved ice pail I make the vessel that contains the liquid to be frozen in the

page_text: shape of a bowl with a curved bottom, so that when the bowl is rotated the
liquid will be thrown round the bottom and sides of the bowl in a thin film.
The bowl is provided with a central spindle, and is rotated by means of a
handle fixed on the upper end of the spindle; it is maintained in a vertical
position by means of a cross bar which is secured to the sides of the pail. In
order to prevent extraneous matters from falling into the bowl, it has hitherto
been provided with a cover, which is placed on over the central spindle; and in
order to place the cover on the bowl or remove it therefrom, it has hitherto
been necessary to remove the handle of the spindle, and also the cross piece,
which maintains the same in a vertical position. This is exceedingly incon-
venient, and in my improved ice pails I have adopted various contrivances for
obviating the same, and enabling me to remove the cover from the bowl with
facility. This object I effect by dividing the cover into two parts, which are
provided with flanges, and are made to fit one on the other, but may be taken
asunder instantaneously whenever it is required to obtain access to the
interior of the bowl.
Another plan consists in making a slot in the cover, so as to allow it to pass
the central spindle, and then this slot is covered over, either by a piece that is
hinged on to the cover for the purpose, or by a removeable piece that will
cover over the opening.
Another plan of effecting the object consists in dividing the bridge or cross
piece which supports the central shaft into two parts, which are made to fit
round the spindle, and are secured together by a temporary fastening in any
convenient manner. The handle is merely made to fit on the square end of
the spindle, and the cover of the bowl may be made in the ordinary way, with a
central hole, through which the spindle is made to pass.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Fuller in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
15th October 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, WILLIAM
FULLER, of Jermyn Street, in the County of Middlesex, Ice Pail Manufacturer,
-send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her reign,

page_text: did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Fuller, Her special license that I, the said William Fuller, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Fuller, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise.
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ICE
PAILS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Fuller,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Fuller, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
This Invention of "Improvements in Ice Pails," relates to that description
of pail in which ice creams or water ices are made, by exposing the cream or
liquid of which the ice is to be made to the action of a freezing mixture while
the liquid is kept in motion. Hitherto this object has been effected by placing
the liquid to be frozen in a conical or cylindrical metal vessel, which when
placed in the pail is surrounded with the freezing mixture, and rotary motion
is communicated thereto by toothed gearing. Scrapers are also fixed inside
the metal vessel for stirring the contents, and turning that portion thereof
which is frozen at the sides into the middle of the vessel, so that a fresh
quantity of liquid may become exposed to the action of the cold.
In my improved ice pail I make the vessel that contains the liquid to be
frozen in the shape of a bowl with a curved bottom, so that when the bowl is
rotated, the liquid will be thrown round the bottom and sides of the bowl in a
thin film. The bowl is provided with a central spindle, and is rotated by means
of a handle fixed on the upper end of the spindle; it is maintained in a vertical
position by means of a cross bar which is secured to the sides of the pail. In
order to prevent extraneous matters from falling into the bowl, it is provided
with a cover, which is placed on over the central spindle; and in order to place
the cover on the bowl or remove it therefrom, it has hitherto been necessary
to remove the bandle of the spindle, and also the cross piece, which maintains

page_text: the same in a vertical position, before the cover can be taken off. This is
exceedingly inconvenient, and in my improved ice pails I have constructed the
several parts in such a manner as to obviate the necessity of removing the
handle or cross bar which supports the central spindle, and I am enabled to
remove the cover from the bowl with facility. This object may be effected in
various ways, of which I have shewn three in the accompanying Drawings.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of an ice pail from which the cover a, a, may be
removed with facility, as it is divided into two parts, which are provided with
flanges, and are niade to fit one on the other, as shewn in the detached views,
Figs. 2, 3, and 4. By being thus divided the cover may be taken asunder
instantaneously whenever it is required to obtain access to the interior of the
bowl.
Another plan of effecting this object of my Invention consists in dividing the
bridge or cross piece (which supports the central shaft) into two parts, which
are made to fit round the spindle, and are secured together by a temporary
fastening, such as the ring f, which is slidden over the joint, as shewn in
Fig. 5; or the parts may be secured by means of a pin. The handle is merely
made to fit on the square end of the spindle, and when this mode of construct-
ing the cross support is adopted, the cover of the bowl may be made in the
ordinary way, with a central hole through which the spindle is made to pass.
This construction is shewn at Fig. 5, which is a plan or top view of the
curved cross bar 6 detached from the pail. This cross bar, as in the former
instance, supports the vertical shaft c, which has a bearing in a step fixed to
the bottom of the bowl d, as shewn in the other Figures. The handle
whereby the shaft c and bowl d are rotated is placed on the square head of the
shaft c, as shewn at Fig. 1.
.
Fig. 6 is a vertical section of another ice pail from which the cover may
be removed by means of a slot made therein, as shewn in the detached plan
view of the cover, Fig. 7. When the cover is placed on the bowl the slot
is covered with a small shutter e. By means of this slot in the cover, this latter
may be made to pass the central spindle, and then the slot is covered over,
either by a piece that is hinged on to the cover for the purpose, as shewn at e,
or by a removeable piece that will cover over the opening.
I
Fig. 8 is a plan view, and Fig. 9 a sectional view, of amodification of the
plan shewn at Fig. 7. The cover a is provided with a slot to allow the vertical
spindle to pass to the central hole of the cover, as in the former case; but
instead of having a door hinged to the cover, as in Fig. 7, the slot is covered
up by means of an additional piece a*, which, however, can be removed with
facility when required.

page_text: Fig. 10 is an elevation of an ice pail with this double cover a, a*, adapted
thereto. The central spindle in this instance is rotated by means of bevil
gearing, to which a winch handle is adapted, as shewn in the Drawing. This
wheel gearing is not, however, generally adopted except to very large sizes of
ice pails.
Having now described my Invention of improvements in ice pails, and the
manner of carrying the same into effect, I claim, in conclusion,―
First, the application to the curved bottom bowl of divided or slotted covers
which may be removed from the bowl without disturbing or interfering with
the other parts of the apparatus, as above described.
I also claim the use of the divided central support, shewn in Fig. 5, which
may be taken asunder by merely withdrawing the holding ring or pin, and the
cover then removed from the bowl when required.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Fuller, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Fifteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
WILLIAM FULLER. (L.s.)