IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING SULPHURIC AGID
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Louis Ash Israel, of No. 1, Crescent, Minories,
in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MODE OF AND MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING SULPHURIC
AGID"
Scaled the 21st September 1869, and dated the 23rd March 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Louis Ash Israel at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 23rd March 1869.
I, LOUIS ASH ISRAEL, of No. 1, Crescent, Minories, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANU-
FACTURING SULPHURIC ACID," to be as follows:-
The improvements comprise manufacturing sulphuric acid in a
chamber by means of a rotary or disturbing motion in combination with
water, and by such means absorbing the gases generated. Also the
concentrating sulphuric acid and acids generally by the means and
application of superheated steam.

page_text: The improvements may be conveniently carried out by making the
chamber of metal, glass, earthenware, or any other suitable material, and
introducing therein a rod or bar carrying vanes or blades, and when in
use such rod or bar may be driven and made to rotate by any suitable
power or means, and during its rotation or otherwise water may be
introduced in any convenient manner into the chamber, and may be
made if desired to impinge on the vanes or blades; the rod or bar
and the vanes or blades may be made of metal or of other suitable
material.
And for the purposes of concentrating sulphuric acid and acids
generally any convenient chamber or vessel of any suitable material may
be used having an inlet and outlet orifice or pipe for the admission and
discharge of the superheated steam, and also furnished if desired with
suitable inlets and outlets for admission and discharge of the acid. The
acid may conveniently be held in a separate vessel or chamber con-
structed within the last-mentioned chamber, and so formed that the
superheated steam may pass all round, over, and above (or nearly so)
the inner chamber, and if needed into immediate contact with the acid
itself.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Louis Ash Israel in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 22nd September 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, LOUIS
ASH ISRAEL, of No. 1, Crescent, Minories, in the County of Middlesex,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me; the said Louis Ash Israel, Her special licence that
I, the said Louis Ash Israel, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Louis Ash Israel, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use; exercise, and vend, within the

page_text: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS POR MANUFACTURING SULPHURIC ACID," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Louis Ash Israel, my executors or ad-
ministrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Louis Ash Israel, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say:-
The improvements comprise manufacturing sulphuric acid in a
chamber by means of a rotary or disturbing motion in combination with
water, and by such means absorbing the gases generated. Also the
concentrating sulphuric acid and acids generally by the means and
application of superheated steam.
The improvements may be conveniently carried out by making the
chamber of metal, glass, earthenware, or any other suitable material, and
introducing therein a rod or bar carrying vanes or blades, and when in
use such rod or bar may be driven and made to rotate by any suitable
power or means, and during its rotation or otherwise water may be
introduced in any convenient manner into the chamber, and may be
made if desired to impinge on the vanes or blades; the rod or bar
and the vanes or blades may be made of metal or of other suitable
material.
And for the purposes of concentrating sulphuric acid and acids
generally any convenient chamber or vessel of any suitable material may
be used having an inlet and outlet orifice or pipe for the admission and
discharge of the superheated steam, and also furnished if desired with
suitable inlets and outlets for admission and discharge of the acid. The
acid may conveniently be held in a separate vessel or chamber con-
structed within the last-mentioned chamber, and so formed that the
superheated steam may pass all round, over, and above (or nearly so)
the inner chamber, and if needed into immediate contact with the acid
itself, or the steam may be made to pass through the acid by means of

page_text: a pipe or pipes arranged in a spiral fashion or in other convenient
mode.
The accompanying Drawing to a scale of about one and a half inches
to the foot will serve to illustrate a convenient mode of carrying out the
Invention.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 4 sectional plan of an
apparatus for receiving the mixed gases from the furnace which may be
of any kind fitted for the purpose and for imparting the disturbing
motion together with the water and steam, as above described, for the
manufacture of the sulphuric acid.
a is an earthenware chamber furnished with an carthenware lid b
firmly secured thereon or cemented thereto by means of the luted joints
as shewn, said lid also serving to receive the stuffing box in which the
revolving spindle g works, as well as the escape port i and the water
inlet pipe h. Also to hold the perforated earthenware pipe d intended
for the admission of the water which passes and falls into the chamber a
in a series of fine streams and comes into contact with the revolving
fan c, and is thus beaten into a fine spray for .the purpose of more
rapidly absorbing the gases, said admission of water being regulated in
any convenient manner. c is a fan also of earthenware or it may be of
metal fixed on the earthenware spindle or rod g which may be formed
hollow in one or more pieces and have an iron rod inserted therein, said
spindle being made somewhat taper for the reception of the fan c and
for receiving the taper strengthening earthenware rings g*, the spindle g
is together with the fan c actuated to any desired speed by the gearing w
which may be driven by any motive power; e is a perforated earthen-
ware or metal pipe intended for the admission of steam (said admission
being regulated in any convenient manner) and may be formed in and
as part of the chamber a or separate therefrom; i is an air, steam, and
gas port, or orifice intended for the admission of air and for the escape
of the surplus or other steam and gases when desired, and if requisite
may be furnished with suitable pipes and regulators for admitting the
supply of air necessary, carrying off and regulating the discharge of
such steam and gases; f is the orifice admitting the mixed gases from
the pipe or chamber f* of the furnace or furnaces; z represents the high
level position of the condensed acid in the chamber a which when formed
to that level or other desired level may be drawn off or passed on to the
chamber r, Figure 2, described below; * is a glass indicator guage tube

page_text: fixed in the outlet k, and serves to show the level of the acid in the
chamber a. The drawing off takes place by the outlet k and is regulated
by the cock m.
Figure 2 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 3 a plan view of
an earthenware concentrating chamber intended for the purpose of
receiving for the purpose of concentration the acid formed in the
chamber a, Figure 1, or any acid admitted therein. is the chamber or
vessel; t is an earthen spiral pipe intended for the reception and passage
of superheated steam (generated in any convenient manner) by means of
the inlet P and thence by the outlet o. Q is the orifice or outlet for
drawing off the concentrated acid. The amount of water and steam
admitted into the chamber a to act in conjunction with the revolving
fan c, also the time necessary will vary according to the density of the
acid required, said density being ascertained in the usual way, the same
remarks apply to the concentrating chamber 7, the temperature of the
steam used being over that of the boiling point of the acid.
The Drawing above described is to be taken as illustrative only, as it
is obvious that the details and manipulations may be varied considerably
without departing from the spirit of the Invention. I prefer to use
carthenware for all parts where it is possible to use it, and where
its use is or may be found impossible I substitute metal, preferably lead.
In witness whereof, I, the said Louis Ash Israel, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of September,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
nine.