IMPROVE-. MENTS IN WHEELS, AND IN SPRINGS AND SPRING BEARINGS FOR CARRIAGES
Year: 1852

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, URIAH
SCOTT, of Grove Street, Camden Town, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Eighth day of March, in the
fifteenth year of Her reign, did give and grant unto me, the said Uriah
Scott, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full power, sole
privilege and authority, that I, the said Uriah Scott, my exors, adñiors, and
assigns, and such others as I, the said Uriah Scott, my exors, adñiors, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term of years therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend my Invention of "IMPROVE-.
MENTS IN WHEELS, AND IN SPRINGS AND SPRING BEARINGS FOR CARRIAGES," within
that part of Her said Majesty's United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
called England, Iler Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed;
in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso requiring that I,
the said Uriah Scott, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and cause the same to be
inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters
Patent, as, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Uriah Scott, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, are described and ascertained in
and by this present Specification or Instrument in writing, reference being had
to the two illustrative Sheets of Drawings, and to the figures and letters
marked thereon; that is to say :-
My Improvement in Wheels is the application or interposition of vulcanized
indian rubber, cork, or other suitable elastic material, between the axle boxes
and the naves of wheels, so as to diminish concussion, and destroy or lessen
vibration by the isolation of the boxes in which the axles work.
My Improvement in Springs is a particular mode of constructing springs for
carriages of vulcanized indian rubber, or other suitable material, in such
manner as to exert a tensile force upon the rubber or material, and obtain the
elasticity from its contractile power; and the said particular mode consists in
casting, moulding, or making the indian rubber in stout solid or hollow pieces,
with projecting or enlarged portions at each of their ends for affording a ready
means of clipping or holding them, and also in inserting in the said enlarged
portions pieces of metal or suitable substances for preventing the said portions
being pulled through the clips or other arrangements for holding them.
And my Improvements in Spring Bearings is the constructing bearings or
supports for carriages by so combining vulcanized indian rubber, or other suit-
able elastic material, with a box or apparatus, to be used either with or without
ordinary or other springs for carriages, as to destroy or lessen vibration by the
entire or partial isolation of the parts employed to connect the axle with the
body or with the springs, or to connect springs with each other.
And having thus set forth the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed
to describe the Drawings as illustrative of what I judge to be the best mode
of performing the several objects which it embraces.
(I.) Wheels. In Drawing No. 1, Figure 1 is a section of the nave of a
carriage wheel taken through the line Z, Z, in Figure 2. Figure 2 is another
section taken through the line Y, Y, in Figure 1; and Figure 3 is an end or
face view. m the axle; n an ordinary axle box, and o a second axle box or
casing, which is tightly wedged or secured to the nave p, and both of them
are made with projections or keys (to prevent them from turning), as shewn
in the transverse section. q, q, q, are the picces of indian rubber, fitting
tightly between the axle box n and casing o, and screwed by flanges formed on
those parts for the purpose, and one of them also by a plate s screwed on to
the end of the box n. t, t, are leather washers for preventing the rubber
being destroyed or cut by chafing against the metal. Although I have only

page_text: shewn this improvement as adapted to an ordinary wheel with a wooden nave,
the same may also be applied to wheels with metal naves.
(II.) Springs. In Drawing No. 2 Figure 4 is a side elevation of one of
my improved springs; Figure 5 a longitudinal section taken through the line
X, X, in Figure 6; Figure 6 a plan view at W, W, in Figures 4 and 5,
and Figures 7 and 8 are plan views of the lower and upper clips respectively.
a is a box or casting intended to be secured to the axle of a carriage. 6 an
iron clip, in two pieces, resting in a rebate on its top, and holding a piece of
solid indian rubber c by a shoulder formed upon it. d, a plate intended to be
secured to the body or frame of the carriage; e, e, two rods fixed to the under
side of the plate which slide through holes formed in the box a, and carry the
clipf. This clip is also formed in two pieces, and embraces the indian rubber
by another shoulder formed on it for this purpose. It is evident that when
subjected to tension by the weight of the carriage the contractile power of
the indian rubber will give the required elasticity. The plates 9, 9, are
inserted in the indian rubber to prevent its passing through the clips. Instead
of using two rods, as described above, one rod only, as shewn by the dotted
red lines in Figure 5, may be employed (if preferred), fixed to the centre of
the under side of the plate d; but in this case the indian rubber must be
formed hollow, so as to receive the rod, and the upper of the plates 9 must
be made with a hole to allow the rod to slide through it, the lower of the
plates' y being solid, as before, to receive the end of the rod. The lower clip
in this case is dispensed with.
(III.) Spring Bearings.-In Drawing No. 2, Figures 9 and 10 are a side
view and transverse section of one of my improved bearings, made in the form
of and adapted for a shackle or coupling link for connecting the ends of an
ordinary single carriage spring to the ordinary spring irons underneath the
shaft or framing of a carriage. Figure 11 shews two of such shackles, applied
as described. M is a cast-iron or gun-metal box, made externally with lugs
for connecting to the spring irons, and internally with flanges for holding the
vulcanized indian rubber N. 0, 0, washers for pressing against the rubber. P,
a short tube passing through the rubber and the washers, having its ends bent
or burred over the latter to hold the parts together. This tube is for receiving
the pin which connects the shackle with the forked end of the spring Q. This
single spring bearing may also be employed to connect springs with each
other, so as to form double or elliptic springs, or cross springs, with the side
springs of carriages. Figures 12, 13, and 14 shew another form of my
improved spring bearing, somewhat similar to two of the last combined
together, but in one frame, Figure 12 being a plan view; partially in section;

page_text: Figure 13 a side view, partially in section; and 14 an end view. M, M, are
two boxes cast in one piece with the plate M*, and also with ribs or webs for
giving strength. Their internal arrangement is the same as in the single
bearing, but instead of the lugs on the boxes they have shackle frames S, S,
which are connected to them by pins passing the tubes in the middle of each.
The double bearing is intended to be applied directly to the axle of a carriage,
as shewn in Figures 15 and 16, the former Figure shewing it connected to an
ordinary double carriage spring, and the latter with the shaft or under frame of
Both Figures shew the plate M* bolted to the axle, and the shackles
or frames S, S, bolted to a spring or shaft. The axle is marked T in these
two last Figures.
In Drawing No. 1, Figure 17 is an elevation of another form of spring
bearing; Figure 18 a vertical section, and Figure 19 a horizontal section or
plan. A and B are two cups, the latter made to slide within the former so as
to form a box. C, a solid cylinder of indian rubber, fixed to them by bolts to
prevent vertical vibration. D, a band of indian rubber to prevent lateral
vibration. E, a leather band, covering the band D to prevent its being cut
by the chafing of the cup A. The boxes may be fixed by the flanges cast
upon the cups either directly between the body or frame of a carriage and
its axle (where there are no springs), or between the springs and the axle,
or between the body and the springs, or in any other manner that practice
may point out.
In witness whereof, I, the said Uriah Scott, have hereunto set my band
and seal, this Eighth day of September, in the year of our Lord One