Improvements in tше шестой отани аррагатив
Year: 1898

page_text: Improvements in tше шестой отани аррагатив 101 DISVIT блутио,
I, LOUIS CHARLES REESE, of Tachbrook Street, Pimlico, London, Doctor of
Philosophy, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in the method of and apparatus for
effecting the continuous distillation and the automatically regulated fractionation
and partial rectification of mineral oils and other liquids, the objects of the inven-
tion in relation to the apparatus hitherto used either for intermittent or for con-
tinuous distillation and fractionation being to obtain a more expeditious working,
an increased output, a saving in labour, control, fuel and-space occupied; and
especially a continuous and accurate self regulating fractionation, and a con-
tinuous and self regulating partial rectification of the fraction obtained.
To this end, the invention consists in the employment of a vaporizer for vapor-
ising the liquid to be distilled, and a fractionation-plant consisting of a series of
condensers consisting of condenser chambers (successively through which the
vapour is continuously passed) surrounded by cooling chambers and of separate
coolers for the already condensed or condensed and partially rectified fractions
respectively arranged and adapted to co-operate as hereinafter more particularly
referred to.
The vaporizer is preferably (though not necessarily) made cylindrical in form,
and is made with a vaulted or dome-shaped roof, its interior capacity being deter-
mined by the particular liquid to be treated therein, by the quantity of such liquid
to be vaporized in a given time, by the density of the vapor of the liquid, and by the
time such vapor is intended to be kept within the vaporizer for the purpose of its
constituents being intimately admixed. The vaporizer has or may have double
side walls, and, if it has, the intervening space is filled with sand or other suitable
incombustible substance, and it is or may be built in a furnace with surrounding
flues, and may have flues passing across it to lead the furnace gases through its
body. Any particular arrangement of the furnace or heating means is, however,
not material to the invention, and any arrangement may be used which will suffice
to heat the interior of the vaporizer to such a degree as is necessary for the liquid
in question, that is, as determined by the boiling point of its ingredient or con-
stituent boiling at the highest degree.
Internally, the vaporizer is provided with a perforated coil or other equivalent
means of supplying the liquid to be vaporized which is or may be forced thereinto
by a pump after being preliminarily warmed by being led through a coil immersed
in a container of the hot residue which escapes from the bottom of the vaporizer.
Almost the whole of the distillable ingredients of the liquid supplied by the coil
are immediately vaporized by the heat of the vaporizer, the little remainder drip-
ping through an inclined hopper into a pan near the bottom of the vaporizer.
Therein, the remainder of the distillable ingredients is vaporized, and the residue
escapes, through an upturned side outlet pipe leading from the bottom of the
pan, onto the vaporizer-bottom, where it remains for a time subject to the extreme

page_text: by pipes passing through the cooling chamber and through which the cold air
circulates. The vapors of the liquid originally condensed in the second condenser
(as also those of each following condenser) are thus partly condensed again in the
cooling chamber of the first (or respectively next preceding condenser) the vapors
of its ingredients boiling at the lower degrees not, however, being condensed but
passing through a pipe from the cooling chamber of the condenser in which they
are into the serpentine passage of the next respectively succeeding condenser,
namely, the condenser wherein they were originally condensed, at a suitable part
thereof, thus increasing the lower boiling ingredients of the original vapors.
Thus, the respective fractions (excepting the first) are also partly rectified.
In this manner, the first condenser is cooled by the re-boiled fraction condensed
in the second condenser, the latter is cooled by the re-boiled fraction condensed
in the third condenser, and so on.
The respective fractions coming from each of the condensers after serving the
purpose of cooling the vapors passing through the serpentine passage of the
respectively next preceding condenser, and while respectively still hot, are (as
aforesaid) led through suitably arranged outlet pipes to common coil-condensers
wherein they are respectively cooled by cold water.
As aforesaid, as many condensers may be used as may be required, the size of
the respective condensing chambers and surrounding cooling chambers, the
number of the folds, the width and other dimensions of the condensing chambers
or serpentine passages therethrough, the quantity of condensed liquids which are
to be kept in them for a certain time, and the other data are dependent upon the
quantities and upon the differences between the lowest and highest boiling points
of the single fractions of the distilled liquid, and must be fixed by previous experi-
ments for each particular liquid to be dealt with.
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
Chartered Patent Agents, 321, High Holborn, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.
I, LOUIS CHARLES REESE, formerly of Tachbrook Street, Pimlico, but now of
Fitzroy Street, Fitzroy Square, London, Doctor of Philosophy, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to a method of and an apparatus for effecting the regular
and continuous distillation of any distillable liquid, the automatically regulated
and continuous fractional condensation of a vaporized liquid having constituents
of different boiling points, and the partial rectification of the fractional distillates
thus obtained.
The method is, in the main, carried into effect by vaporizing the liquid to be
distilled in a continuously working vaporizer, and by then leading the vapours,
if to be fractionately condensed, through a series or battery of any required
number of condensers, each consisting of a condensation chamber surrounded by
a cooling chamber, as hereinafter more particularly described.
The vaporizer consists of a chamber the size of which is determined by the
density of the vapour of the liquid to be distilled at the temperature of vaporiza-
tion, the time during which the vapour must remain in the vaporizer for its con-
stituents to become ready for the condenser, the proportionate quantity of the

page_text: to ordinary coils, ducts or chambers cooled by cold water or in any other way,
which deliver them into their respective tanks. The last fraction enters its lank
directly from its cooler. The number of the condensers arranged one after the
other is determined by the pertinent circumstances in each case, such, for example,
as the nature of the liquid to be treated and the number of the fractions to be
obtained.
As is evident from the above, the liquid to be vaporized and fractionated is vapor-
ized continuously, automatically and exactly at a temperature which will ensure
the obtainment of all its distillable constituents or of a desired part thereof (the
residue being automatically and continuously separated,) and is automatically,
continuously and exactly fractionated in a predetermined gradation, whereby
each single fraction (excepting the first and last ones, which are drawn off direct)
is rectified.
Such being the nature of the said invention, I will now proceed to describe more
in detail the manner in which the same is to be performed or carried into practical
effect, referring to the accompanying drawings, which, diagrammatically, represent
the essential or characteristic features of the vaporizer and fractionator, and will
enable the principles of the construction and operation thereof to be readily under-
stood.
Figure, 1, represents a longitudinal sectional elevation of the vaporizer and its
adjuncts;
Fig. 2, represents a like view of the first two condensers of the fractionator;
and
Fig. 3, represents a sectional plan of these two condensers.
, represents the vaporization chamber. It is preferably made cylindrical in
form and with a vaulted and dome-shaped roof, a, and is made of a size determined
according to the data mentioned before. It is also preferably surrounded by a
correspondingly shaped jacket, ², charged with sand or other suitable substance,
which will serve to equalize the heat of the chamber and to prevent the undis-
tillable residue from burning on the chamber walls. The chamber is heated by
a furnace, f, and surrounding flues, f', and may be fitted with jacketted flue
tubes, a, serving to lead the furnace gases across and through the chamber. The
chamber may, however, be otherwise heated by any means which will suffice and
can be so regulated as to heat the chamber uniformly throughout to a temperature
sufficient to effect the complete vaporization of all distillable parts of the liquid.
The liquid to be distilled is forced into the vaporization chamber by a pump,
through a coil, a', perforated at its under-side, but any other suitable means of
supplying the liquid under sufficient pressure and of finely distributing it within
the chamber may be used.
The vapour, after remaining in the vaporizer for as long a time as is necessary
for its constituents to become sufficiently treated, escapes therefrom through an
outlet-pipe, ao, made of sufficient sectional area to allow the free passage of the
vapour in the required volume per unit of time.
The non-distillable residue is withdrawn from the chamber, a, through an auto-
matically closable outlet pipe, as, the inlet of which is controlled by a float valve, a",
or the like so arranged as to permit the escape of the residue without permitting
the escape of the vapour from within the vaporizer.
If the residue of the liquid to be dealt with is relatively large in quantity, the
chamber may be preferably provided with inclined deflecting plates, w, and with
a drip collector pan, a, situated near its bottom and furnished with an upturned
outlet pipe, a leading from the bottom of the pan, which will facilitate the treat-
ment and discharge of the residue.
For preserving a liquid sealed outlet to the residue, the outlet pipe, a, is turned
up and the height of its overflow level is determined according to the data
mentioned before. As it is preferable to have the height of such overflow level
adjustable to facilitate the adjustment thereof to the required conditions of work-
ing, the cutlet pipe 8, is made telescopic. If the pipe, 8, is furnished with a

page_text: vaporized, the little remainder dripping either onto the vaporizer bottom or at
first into the pan, a, from which it escapes through pipe, a, onto the vaporizer
bottom, where it remains for a time subject to the most direct action of the furnace
or source of heat which thus speedily vaporizes the remainder of the distillable
ingredients to be obtained.
The residue after having remained as long on the bottom of the vaporizer as is
necessary for being freed from all distillable parts to be obtained flows out of the
vaporization chamber automatically through the outlet pipe, as.
The vapour of all the distillable parts to be obtained from the liquid to be dis-
tilled leaves the vaporizer through the pipe, a¹. If the vapour consists of a
mixture of vapours belonging to liquids of different boiling points and is to be
fractionately condensed, it is led through the condensation chambers, b, of the
series of condensers, 1, 2, de. While the mixed vapours pass through the conden-
sation chamber of the first condenser, 1, they are partially condensed therein by
the agency of the liquid condensed at the next lower temperature in the conden-
sation chamber of the second condenser, 2, and led therefrom by the pipe, 2, with
entering part, c', into the cooling chamber, c, of the first condenser, this still
warm liquid thus entering into the cooling chamber being caused to boil again by
the hotter vapours passing through the condensation chamber of the condenser to
which it (the liquid) is admitted and which vapours are thus cooled and partially
condensed in the surrounded condensation chamber by a medium having always
the same degree of heat.
The first fract on leaves its condensation chamber directly through its pipe, 2,
is completely cooled in the cooler, 1*, and escapes therefrom to its tank.
The vapours of the re-boiled liquid in the cooling chamber, c, are not com-
pletely condensed by the cold air or any other medium surrounding or led through
the cooling chamber, but pass through the pipe, c², back into the condensation
chamber, b, of the second condenser, are therein partially recondensed, led back
into the cooling chamber of the first condenser, re-boiled, the vapours not aga n
condensed led back into the condensation chamber of the second condenser, partially
condensed, and so on, which process is repeated until the parts of the liquid
originally boiling at the highest temperatures leave the cooling chamber of the
first condenser as the completed second fraction, and the parts boiling at the lowest
degrees are not condensed again in the condensation chamber of the second con-
denser but pass through the pipe, 2, thereof into the condensation chamber of the
third condenser.
This method of automatic, continuous and exact fractionation and automatic
rectification is repeated in each following condenser of the said construction.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1, As an improvement in the art of distilling liquids, the method of vaporizing
the liquid to be distilled consisting in supplying it through a distributor under
pressure to a vaporizer or vaporization chamber uniformly heated from all its sides
to a sufficient temperature to effect the complete vaporization of the distillable
parts to be obtained from the liquid, the vaporizer or vaporization chamber being
made of a capacity determined by the density of the vapour of the liquid to be
distilled at the temperature of its vaporization, the slowness with which the vapours
must pass through the vaporizer for its constituents to become ready for
the condensers, the proportionate quantity of the residue, the degree of expansion
of this residue at the temperature of the vaporizer, the duration of time the residue
must remain in the vaporizer for being completely freed from all distillable parts
to be obtained, and the quantity of the liquid to be vaporized per unit of time, and
being provided at its upper part with a vapour outlet of suitable sectional area for
the free passage of the vapours in the required volume per unit of time, and at
its lower part with a trapped residue-outlet the overflow level of which is deter-

page_text: an inflow for the fraction condensed in the condensation chamber of the next
following condenser, with a vapour outlet pipe in preference attached at its upper
part connecting it with the condensation chamber of the next following condenser
in preference at its upper part, and with an upturned outlet pipe the overflow
level of which is as high as the depth and surface level of the liquid necessary for
preserving a liquid sealed outlet and for regular working and the vapour pressure
in the cooling chambers demand, the whole co-operating to cause the fraction
condensed in the condensation chamber of each condenser (excepting as regards
the last one) to be produced by re-boiling and partially re-vaporizing in the cool-
ing chamber of this condenser the fraction condensed in the condensation chamber
of the next following condenser, the fraction so used being thus partially rectified
in such use; whereby the process of fractionating the vapours of the vaporized
liquid is rendered continuous, automatic and accurate, and the respective fractions
are also partially rectified, as set forth.
5, As an improvement in the art of distilling liquids, the method of vaporizing
the liquid to be distilled and fractionating the vaporized liquid, consisting in
the successive steps and procedure of treatment respectively set out in Claims, 1,
and 3, hereof.
6. In distilling apparatus, in combination, a vaporizer for vaporizing the liquid
to be distilled and a fractionator for "splitting up" the vaporized liquid, respec-
tively adapted, arranged and provided as set out in Claims, 2, and 4, hereof.
Dated thin 27th day of February 1899
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
Chartered Patent Agents, 32, High Holborn, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.