IMPROVE- MENTS IN GAS BURNERS, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN CONNECTION THEREWITH
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Scholl, of Berwick Street, Soho, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN GAS BURNERS, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN CONNECTION
THEREWITH."
Sealed the 24th November 1868, and dated the 27th May 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Scholl at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th May 1868.
I, JOHN SCHOLL, of Berwick Street, Soho, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN CONNECTION
THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in gas burners, and in appa-
ratus to be used therewith, and consists,-
Firstly. Of a guard or protector and modes of applying the same
to be used in combination with a platinum or other metal gas light
improver or perfector for the purpose of preventing the same from
being accidentally displaced or put out of adjustment on the burner
or from being accidentally bcnt or otherwise injured.

page_text: Secondly. Of a new and special form of burner adapted or not for
the reception of a platinum or other metal light perfector and guard.
Thirdly. Of a revolving smoke consumer and diffuser adjusted over
the flame of any gas burner in order that by reason of the clevated
temperature it attains it may consumo the smoke arising from imperfect
combustion of the gas. The guard or protector may consist of a piece
of metal bent into the form of a collar, and having, say, four protecting
fingers formed thereon, which fingers are slightly bent or curved
inwards and outwards so as to grip the top edge of the burner. In
the collar of the light improver there are cut a number of slots
corresponding to the fingers of the guard, so that when the guard is
adjusted the fingers will spring into these slots and bear against the
burner itself. In order to prevent the light improver and guard from
turning round on the burner I grind or otherwise produce a number
of flat faces or facets on the circumference of the burner at the top
thereof, against which flat surfaces the fingers obtain a bearing, and
thereby prevent any tendency of the parts to move round the burner.
In lieu of holding the parts in position by cutting facets round the
burner, the same effect may be obtained by having one or more stems
or projections formed on the lower part of the guard and fitting into
slots made either in a separate shoulder or into a shoulder made in onc
piece with the burner. The new form of gas burner is constructed
somewhat on the principle of a double or cross cut "bat's-wing," with a
round or flat top and with two or more slits made across the burner
so as to intersect each other.
In making this burner I prefer first to drill a small hole in the centre
of the burner and then to make the slits, after which the hole previously
made is plugged up. The result is a burner provided with four or
more narrow slits or elongated openings round its circumference, or
on the flat top as the case may be, and producing a pleasing effect
when lighted, the flame jets bearing some resemblance to the petals
of a flower. The smoke consumers may either be constructed in the
form of a ventilating fan, or of a conical, spiral, or serpentine form. In
either case the heat radiated from the gas jet, which is situate just a
sufficient distance below the smoke consumer to prevent the deposition
of solid carbon or lampblack thereon, raises the temperature of the
thin metal composing the smoke consumer, so that as the products of
combustion pass through or in contact with the consumer they will

page_text: be partly burnt or further oxidised and the products diffused, whilst
the ascending current of air by impinging against the inclined surfaces
of the consumer will at the same time impart a rotatory motion to the
same..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Scholl in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 27th November 1868.
"
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
SCHOLL, of Berwick Street, Solo, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer,
send greeting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent;. bearing-date the Twenty-seventh day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her- heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said John Scholl, Her special license that I,
the said John Scholl, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I the said John Scholl, my executors, administrators, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS, AND IN
APPARATUS TO BE USED IN CONNECTION THEREWITH," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said John Scholl, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was. to be performed; and cause the same to be filed:
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months, next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John-Scholl; do hereby declare the.
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be.
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings,.
and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:

page_text: My said Invention relates to improvements in apparatus to be used
in connection with gas burners, and consists,-
Firstly. Of a guard or protector and modes of applying the same to
be used in combination with a platinum or other metal gas light
improver or perfector for the purpose of preventing the same from
being accidentally displaced or put out of adjustment on the burner,
or from being accidentally bent or otherwise injured.
Secondly. Of the adaptation of a platinum or other metal light
perfector with or without a guard to a double or cross cut "bat's-wing"
burner having two or more slits cut therein.
Thirdly. Of a revolving smoke consumer and diffuser adjusted over
the flame of any gas burner in order that by reason of the elevated
temperature it attains it may consume the smoke arising from
imperfect combustion of the gas. The guard or protector may consist
of a piece of metal bent into the form of a collar, and having, say,
four protecting fingers formed thereon, which fingers are slightly bent
or curved inwards and outwards so as to grip the top edge of the
burner. In the collar of the light improver there are cut a number
of slots corresponding to the fingers of the guard, so that when the
guard is adjusted the fingers will spring into these slots and bear
against the burner itself. In order to prevent the light improver and
guard from turning round on the burner I grind or otherwise produce
a number of flat faces or facets on the circumference of the burner
at the top thereof, against which flat surfaces the fingers obtain a
bearing, and thereby prevent any tendency of the parts to move round
the burner. In lieu of holding the parts in position by cutting facets
round the burner, the same effect may be obtained by having one or
more stems or projections formed on the lower part of the guard and
fitting into slots made either in a separate shoulder or into a shoulder
made in one picce with the burner. The smoke consumers may either
be constructed in the form of a ventillating fan, or of a conical, spiral,
or serpentine form. In either case the heat radiated from the gas jet,
which is situate just a sufficient distance below the smoke consumer
to prevent the deposition of solid carbon or lampblack thereon, raises
the temperature of the thin metal or other material composing the
smoke consumer, so that as the products of combustion pass through
or in contact with the consumer they will be partly burnt or further
oxidized and the products diffused, whilst the ascending current of

page_text: air by impinging against the inclined surfaces of the consumer will at
the same time impart a rotatory motion to the same.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood I
shall now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that
purpose shall refer to the several Figures on the annexed Sheet of
Drawings, the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in
all the corresponding Figures.
Figure 1 of my Drawings is an elevation and Figure 2 a plan
shewing (as an example) one mode of applying a guard to a fish-tail
burner; Figures 3, 4, and 5 are detached views of the guard light
perfector and burner respectively.
a is the burner having a platinum light perfector b adapted thereto
and protected by the guard c, the whole of the parts being shewn
adjusted ready for use in Figures 1 and 2. The guard or protector c
may consist of a piece of metal bent into the form of a collar, and
having, say, four protecting fingers d, d, formed thercon, which fingers
are slightly bent or curved inwards and outwards so as to grip the
top edge of the burner. In the collar 6' of the light improver there
are cut a number of slots e, e, corresponding to the fingers of the guard,
so that when the guard is adjusted the fingers d will spring into
these slots and bear against the burner itself. In order to prevent the
light improver and guard from turning round on the burner I grind
or otherwise produce a number of flat faces or facets f on the circum-
ference of the burner at the top thercof, against which flat surfaces
the fingers d obtain a bearing and thereby prevent any tendency of the
parts to move round the burner. It will be seen that the fingers d
project slightly above the piece of platinum b and thereby protect it
from injury. In lieu of holding the parts in position by cutting facets
round the burner, the same effect may be obtained by screwing the
ordinary burner a into a screwed metal socket (see Figures 6 and 7)
which is itself screwed into the pipe. This socket g is formed with a
shoulder or collar g', in the opposite sides of which are made two vertical
slots, grooves, or perforations, h, h. The guard or protector c to be used
in this modification has two stems or strips i, i, (shewn clearly in
Figures 8 and 9 projecting from its lower edge and so situate as to
correspond when properly adjusted with the slots into which they fit,
as shown in the Drawings. The guard is thus prevented from turning,
and as its fingers d engage with the slots e, e, in the collar of the light

page_text: improver it follows that the latter will also be maintained in its proper
place. In some cases I make a special burner having the slotted
shoulder g' formed in one piece with the burner, as shewn at Figure 8
of the Drawings. In the case of street and other lamps, which are
sometimes lighted and extinguished by introducing an apparatus. for
the purpose through the bottom of the lamp, there would be some risk
of pushing off the guard and with it the perfector, but this may be
obviated by simply making the slots or holes. h, h, in the collar g to
incline inwards towards the bottom, and nipping or punching the lower
ends of the stems i, i, after they have been inserted into the said
slots or holes. By this means the guard will be effectually locked to
the burner.
Figures 10 and 11 of my Drawings represent respectively a vertical
section and plan of a double or cross cut bat's-wing gas burner, to which
I adapt a platinum light perfector and guard, as shown clearly in the
external elevation and plan respectively of the same burner at Figures.12
and 13. In these Figures b, b, are the strips of platinum of a horse-shoe
or semi-annular form placed over the slits a in the burner and carried
by a split metal collar, and further secured in position when adjusted on
the burner by being fitted into cross grooves or nicks made in the plug k,
which closes the central perforation originally made in the burner;
being thus secured at the centre and extremities the pieces of platinum
will be better able to withstand rough usage; but if a guard or protector c
be required it may be applied in either of the ways already described
and shown in the Drawings.
Figures 10 and 12 represent also two smoke consumers. or diffusers l, l,,
which are each suspended on a pivot or centre at m situate so as, to be
immediately over the centre of the burner; these smoke consumers may
either be constructed in the form of a ventilating fan, as in Figure 12,
or of a conical, spiral, or serpentine form, as shown in Figure 10. In
either case the heat radiated from the gas jet, which is situate just a
sufficient distance below the smoke consumer to prevent the deposition
of solid carbon or lampblack thereon, raises the temperature of the
thin metal, mica, or other suitable material composing the smoke
consumer so that as the products of combustion pass through or in
contact with the consumer they will be partly burnt or further oxidised
and the products diffused, whilst the ascending current of air by
impinging against the inclined surfaces of the consumer will at the

page_text: same time impart a rotatory motion to the same. In Figure 12 the
rotatory consumer is supported upon a stem m screwed into a socket n,
which socket is itself screwed on to the plug k in the centre of the
burner, this arrangement being used when the platinum or other metal
light perfector is employed. If the light perfector is not used then
the stem m may be screwed direct into the burner, as shown in
Figure 10. In other forms of burners the stem will be attached
to the gas fittings and should be bent to come over the centre of the
burner.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider
to be novel and original and therefore claim as the Invention secured
to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First. The combination with a platinum or other equivalent gas light
improver or perfector of a guard or protector for the purpose herein-
before set forth.
Second. The peculiar modes of combining a gas light improver or
perfector with a guard or protector, whereby the former is maintained
through the agency of the latter in its proper adjusted position,
substantially as herein-before described and illustrated by the Drawings.
Third. The peculiar mode of adapting a gas light perfector with or
without a guard to a double or cross cut bat's-wing burner, sub-
stantially as herein-before described and illustrated by my Drawings.
Fourth. The application and use to and with an ordinary or other
gas burner of a revolving smoke consumer and diffuser, arranged and
operating substantially as herein-before described and illustrated by the
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Scholl, have to this my
Specification set my hand and scal, the Twenty-seventh day of
November, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
JOHN SCHOLL. (L.S.)