IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LAMP CANDLES, AND IN CANDLE LAMPS FOR HOLDING THE SAME
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Fergusson Wilson, Conrad Abben Hanson,
and James John Wallis, all of Belmont, Vauxhall, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LAMP CANDLES, AND IN CANDLE
LAMPS FOR HOLDING THE SAME."
Sealed the 5th June 1855, and dated the 11th April 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Fergusson Wilson,
Conrad Abben Hanson, and James John. Wallis at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 11th April 1855.
We, GEORGE FERGUSSON WILSON, CONRAD ABBEN HANSON, and JAMES JOUN
WALLIS, all of Belmont, Vauxhall, do hereby declare the nature of the Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LAMP CANDLES, AND IN CANDLE
LAMPS FOR HOLDING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce a new manufacture of lamp
candles, and of candle lamps for holding the same, with a view to introduce
the burning of lamp candles in roof lamps of railway carriages, and for other
lamps where a like manufacture may be found desirable, and where the use of
oil is objectionable.
And this Invention consists of making a candle in a mould, having therein
a suitable wick or wicks which will bend out of the flame when burning, such
candle being of a greater weight than two ounces and not of a greater length
than two of its diameters; and in making candle tubes to hold the same, the

page_text: candle tube of a candle lamp is made only of such additional length as to
admit the requisite spring and instrument for raising the candle to the nozel;
and the carriage roof lamp or such like lamp is made to receive the candle
tube from above, the lamp glass being closed at bottom, so that the candle may
not be got at from below.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Fergusson Wilson, Conrad Abben Hanson, and
James John Wallis in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 11th October
1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, GEORGE
FERGUSSON WILSON, CONRAD ADDEN HANSON, and JAMES JOHN WALLIS, all of
Belmont, Vauxhall, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Ierself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said George Fergusson Wilson, Conrad Abben Ilanson, and James John
Wallis, Ter special license that we, the said George Fergusson Wilson,
Conrad Abben Hanson, and James John Wallis, our exccutors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said George Fergusson Wilson, Conrad
Abben Hanson, and James John Wallis, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LAMP CANDLES, AND IN CANDLE LAMP3
FOR HOLDING THE SAME," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
George Fergusson Wilson, Conrad Abben Hanson, and James John Wallis,
by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and
seal of one of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said George Fergusson Wilson, Conrad
Abben Hanson, and James John Wallis, do hereby declare the nature of the

page_text: said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be par-
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof
(that is to say) :-
The object of this Invention is to produce a new manufacture of lamp
candles, and of candle lamps for holding the same, with a view to introduce
the burning of lamp candles in roof lamps of railway carriages, and for other
lamps where a like manufacture may be found desirable, and where the use of
oil is objectionable. And this Invention consists of making a candle in a
mould, having therein a suitable wick or wicks which will bend out of the
flame when burning, such candle being of a greater weight than two ounces,
and not of a greater length than two of its diameters; and in making candle
tubes to hold the same, the candle tube of a candle lamp is made only of such
additional length as to admit the requisite spring and instrument for raising
the candle to the nozzle; and the carriage roof lamp or such like lamp is made
to receive the candle tube from above, the lamp glass being closed at bottom,
so that the candle may not be got at from below.
Having thus stated the nature of our said Invention, we will proceed to
describe the manner of performing the same.
Ieretofore in manufacturing candles for candle lamps it has been usual
to mould them of considerable lengths as compared with their diameters, so
that the candle tubes required in the candle lamps heretofore manufactured
have necessarily been of considerable lengths, which renders candle lamps
unsuitable for many purposes where it would be desirable to use them; amongst
others, particular for the roof lamps of railway carriages. Now, the object
of the first part of our Invention is to manufacture candles for candle lamps
with platted or other wicks, which will in burning turn out of the flame, as is
well understood, of comparatively short lengths as compared with their
diameters, by which we are enabled greatly to reduce the lengths of candle
tubes used in candle lamps, and we thus render candle lamps suitable for
purposes to which they have heretofore been unsuitable; and we generally
make candles for candle lamps of greater diameters than their lengths, and in
no case do we exceed a length greater than two diameters. In carrying out this
part of our Invention we have moulds formed according to the sizes of candles
we desire to make; and we mould therein candles and apply wicks in like
manner to what are practised when moulding candles of considerable lengths
as compared with their diameters, the moulds in all cases being 14 inches or
upwards in diameter; but we prefer to make them upwards of two inches in
diameter in order that the length may be reduced as much as may be.
Figure 1 shows a section of the roof lamp of a railway carriage; and

page_text: Figure 2 an external view of the same, these Figures being one-half the real
size. And it will be seen, by reference to Figure 1, that by reason of the
largeness of the diameter of the candle employed, the candle tube of the candle
lamp is very short, rendering it suitable for such a form of lamp. The glass a
of the lamp has an opening through the bottom, in which a metal cylinder 6 is
fixed, such cylinder being closed at bottom in order to prevent persons in a
carriage getting at the light, and also to prevent any grease which might
escape getting into the carriage. The parts of the lamp are, it will be seen,
arranged in such manner that the candle lamp shall be taken from the lamp
from above, the candle lamp being formed suitably for being dropped into the
fixed cylinder 6 of the lamp, there being projections or handles c, c, by which
the candle lamp may be lifted out when it is to be replaced by another. The
candle lamp simply consists of the outer tube d formed into a nozzle at its
upper part, or a nozzle may be fixed thereto, and not from one part with the
tube, as shown. The bottom of the tube d has a disc e or bottom screwed or
fixed thereto, as shown, there being a small air hole through the disc. f is the
spring by which the moveable bottom or disc g is raised as the candle is
consumed; h is a reflector, fixed at the lower part of the cylinders i, i; in
the centre is a chimney j, the part k being a ring of cork or non-conducting
matter. Air is admitted to and from the lamp, as indicated by the arrows.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, we would have it understood that what we claim is, the
manufacture of candles for candle lamps herein described; and we also claim
the combining the parts of candle lamps, as herein described.
In witness whereof, we, the said George Fergusson Wilson, Conrad Abben
Hanson, and James John Wallis, have hereunto set our hands and
scals, this Eleventh day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
Witness,
B. GOBEY,
4, Old Square, Lincoln's Inn.
GEO. F. WILSON.
(L.S.)
CONRAD A. HANSON.
(L.S.)
JAS JNO WALLIS.
(L.S.)
[nn.
GEO. F. WILSON.
(L.S.)
CONRAD A. HANSON.
(L.S.)
JAS JNO WALLIS.
(L.S.)