Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Jan., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 19th Nov., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 8th Jan., 1889
1 MANASSAH GLEDHILL, Director of Sir Joseph Whitworth & Co. Limited, of
Openshaw, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My said invention relates to the manufacture of hollow projectiles or shells for
ordnance.
In the Specification of Letters Patent granted to Sir Joseph Whitworth and dated
September 29th A.D. 1866 No. 2522, there is described a method of manufacturing
iron or steel articles by casting them in a mould arranged under a hydraulic or other
press whereby the castings are subjected to pressure in the said mould until the mass
has become solidified.
According to my present invention I modify the aforesaid method of manufacture
as follows, that is to say, the molten metal is poured into a mould and, after cooling
sufficiently to bring it to a semi-fluid condition, is, in the same or in another mould,
subjected to pressure by a suitable plunger to complete its external formation, and to
the action of a punch or mandrel (working through or attached to the said plunger)
to make it hollow. By having the metal in a semi-fluid condition, that is to say, a
condition wherein it is freely plastic without actual fluidity, I can compress, shape and
punch the block or ingot with considerably less power than is required for performing
similar operations upon metal in the ordinary condition for forging.
My said invention, moreover, comprises various improvements in apparatus or
machinery for conveniently and expiditiously manufacturing hollow projectiles or
shells for ordnance.
An important feature of my said improvements is the arrangement, in combination
with the press for compressing and punching the blocks or ingots, of a series of
moulds which move in a path that intersects the axis of the mandrel or punch, so that
the moulds can be caused to move successively under and away from the said
mandrel or punch. My said improvements are embodied in various forms or
arrangements of apparatus.

page_text: In some instances I arrange the mandrel or punch to move vertically, and in other
cases to move horizontally.
One very advantageous arrangement of my apparatus is the following, viz. :—A
vertical hydraulic or other press is provided with a mandrel or punch which works
between vertical columns. Around one column of the press is a series of moulds in
a circle which passes through the axis of the mandrel and forms the path through
The
which the moulds successively move under and away from the said mandrel.
filling of the moulds, their conveyance successively to the space under the mandrel,
the compressing, shaping and punching of the metal therein and the removal of the
projectiles therefrom in a continuous series of operations, are thus conveniently
provided for.
The circle of moulds can be carried by an annular frame mounted and moving on
a roller path or otherwise and provided with suitable means for effecting its rotation.
In some instances 1 provide for maintaining a supply or flow of water around the
moulds.
:
I modify the above described apparatus by using a stationary series of moulds
arranged in a circle or otherwise, in combination with a series of mandrels or punches
and with means for operating the said punches either simultaneously or separately.
In this and other arrangements it is sometimes convenient to connect each mould with
a central receptacle into which the molten metal is poured and from which it flows
to the moulds.
I sometimes find it convenient to modify my invention by arranging the travelling
In this case the
series of moulds in a straight line or row instead of in a circle.
frame or bar carrying the moulds is moved to and fro across the axis of the mandrel
by a hydraulic ram or by other suitable means, and suitable provision is made for
filling the moulds and for removing the projectiles therefrom.
When the apparatus is horizontal, that is to say, when the mandrel moves
horizontally for punching the projectiles, it will be necessary to first pour the metal
into a vertical mould and (after the same is cooled down to such a condition as to
permit it to retain its form) to take it from the said mould to.the mould in which it
it is to be compressed and punched. But in a vertical apparatus it will not be
necessary, though it may in some cases be desirable to remove the ingot from one
mould to another for the purpose specified.
In either form or arrangement of my apparatus, the compression of the metal is
effected before, or simultaneously with the punching, either in the mould in which the
projectile is cast or in a separate mould..
The mandrel or punch is, in some instances, made solid, and, in other instances, is
made hollow with provision for containing water under pressure or otherwise, or for
permitting the circulation of water through it or for forcing water through it under
high pressure.
I sometimes construct the mandrel with an exterior surface of
chilled iron cast on a steel or other metal core, which to insure the retention of the
cast iron should be corrugated circumferentially.
I sometimes combine with the above described apparatus à series of transversely
acting hammers or pressers for closing the outer end of the projectile after punching
the same.
For finally reducing the projectile to the required size I provide a series of rollers
arranged to revolve about an axis parallel to that of the projectile.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: .
I, MANASSAH GLEDHILL, Director of Sir Joseph Whitworth & Co., Limited, of
Openshaw, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My said invention relates to the manufacture of hollow projectiles or shells for
ordnance.
In the Specification of Letters Patent granted to Sir Joseph Whitworth and dated
September 29th A.D. 1866, No. 2522, there is described a method of manufacturing
iron or steel articles by casting them in a mould arranged in combination with a hydraulic
or other press whereby the castings are subjected to pressure in the said mould until
the mass of metal has become solidified.
According to my present invention, I modify the aforesaid method of manufacture
as follows, viz-the molten metal is poured into a mould and is subjected to the action
of a press to condense it and ensure its homogeneity, the pressure being maintained
until the metal, by the compression and cooling thereof, is brought to a semi-fluid or
plastic condition, that is to say, a condition intermediate between fluidity and solidity,;
it is then subjected to the action of a punch or mandrel to make it hollow. By working
the metal in this manner, I can compress, shape and punch the same with considerably
less power than is required for performing similar operations upon metal in the con-
dition in which it is worked according to the methods of forging generally adopted.
In practising the invention described in the said former specification, the punch is
forced into the fluid-metal, and, unless protected, would be attacked and distorted thereby.
An envelope or coating of clay or other suitable material is therefore put on the punch
to protect it; but, as this envelope or coating is destroyed each time the punch is
operated, the supply of such envelopes or coatings and the fixing of the same on the punch
involve great trouble and expense. Without the use of the clay or similar material, it
is found that the punch, by reason of the length of time it has to remain in contact
with the fluid metal (that is to say, until the metal has set), sometimes becomes solidly
united to the shell. But, according to my present invention, I first press the metal
until it becomes plastic, and then punch it,.I thus obviate liability to distortion of the
punch, and am, therefore, enabled to dispense with the use of clay or similar material
around the said punch. Moreover, by my improvements, I obtain much better results
than can be obtained by the method described in the said former specification, as, by
first pressing the fluid metal and then punching it, I increase the density and

page_text: momogeneity thereot as compared with The product of the said Tornier mettiou 01
manufacture.
My said invention, moreover, comprises various improvements in apparatus or
machinery for conveniently and expeditiously manufacturing hollow projectiles or
shells for ordnance.
An important feature of my said improvements is the arrangement, in com-
bination with the apparatus for compressing and punching the metal, of a series of
moulds which move in a path that intersects the axis of the compressing plunger and of
the mandrel or punch, so that the moulds can be conveniently caused to move successively
under and away from the said plunger, and mandrel or punch. My said improvements
are embodied in various forms or arrangements of apparatus, some of which are herein-
after particularly described.
In some instances, I arrange the mandrel or punch to move vertically, and in other
cases to move horizontally.
In the accompanying drawings.
Figure 1 is a front elevation, partly in vertical central section, illustrating one
arrangement of my apparatus.
Figure 2 is a plan, partly in horizontal section, showing a revolving mould-table
hereinafter described forming a part of the said apparatus.
Figure 3 is a front elevation, partly in vertical central section, showing another
arrangement or modification of my said apparatus.
Figure 4 is a horizontal section on the line a, a, Figure 3, illustrating details of
construction.
Figure 5 is a front elevation, partly in vertical central section, showing a further
modification of my said apparatus.
Figure 6 is a plan, partly in horizontal section on the line a¹, a¹, Figure 5, with the
punch in its operative position, illustrating details of construction.
Figure 7 is a transverse section on the line y, y, Figure >>.
Figure 8 is an end elevation, partly in transverse section, and
Figure 9 a horizontal section on the line 2, 2, Figure 8, showing further details
of construction.
Figure 10 is a plan, and
Figure 11 a front elevation, partly in vertical central section, showing one form of
machine, comprising a series of hammers or pressers as hereinafter described, for
closing the open end of the projectile or shell.
Figure 12 is a plan, and
Figure 13 a front elevation, showing another form or modification of the said machine,
and
Figure 14 is a plan, and
Figure 15 a front elevation, showing a further modification thereof.
Like letters indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawings.
A is a bed or block in which is secured a vertical hydraulic cylinder B, having a
ram or plunger C and connected by a pipe B¹ with a pump or pressure-main,
D, D¹ are vertical pillars or columns firmly secured in the bed or block A. E is a
cross-head which is fixed upon the columns D, D¹. F indicates the ingot or mass
of metal from which the projectile or shell is to be made.
In the arrangement shown in Figures 1 and 2, a is a circular table which contains
four moulds or dies 6 (or any other convenient number of such moulds or dies), and
which is arranged to revolve freely around the column D upon a central ring c of balls
or rollers, suitable stops (not shown in the drawings) being provided to arrest the
movement of the table and centre each mould in its turn under the compressing
plunger d or under the punch hereinafter described. The compressing plunger d is
carried by a swing frame e which is hinged upon the pillar or column D and is adapted
to engaged with the pillar D¹ above a collar or shoulder D2 thereon. This manner of
supporting the plunger allows it to be easily and quickly adjusted or moved away
from and clear of the punch or mandrel hereinafter mentioned and returned to its

page_text: working position. The said plunger d is made with a conical end a designed to form
a hole or cavity in the ingot F, as shown at F', to facilitate the forcing of the punch into
the same and to ensure the entrance of the said punch into the centre thereof.
ffare two hydraulic cylinders which are supported by the cross-head E. The
rams of these cylinders are connected at their upper ends by a cross-bar g. In this
cross-bar is fixed a rod or bar h which extends downward through the cross-head E,
and the lower part h¹ of which serves as the punch or mandrel for forming the
chamber or cavity of the hollow projectile or shell.
For rigidly holding the punch or mandrel after it has been lowered into its
operative position, I provide screw-clips, clamps or half-nuts j (substantially similar to
those described in the said former specification) adapted to engage with a screw-
threaded part 2 of the rod h and operated as hereinafter described. These clips or
clamps are fitted to slide in or between guides E¹ formed on or attached to the under-
side of the cross-head E, as more clearly shown in Figure 7.
The molten metal is poured into the moulds and is compressed and punched
therein as hereinafter described, that is to say :-The molten metal is first poured into
one of the said moulds and the turntable a, frame e, and compressing plunger d are
adjusted to the position shown in Figure 1, so that the said plunger is in line with the
mould containing the molten metal; liquid under pressure is then admitted to the
cylinder B and raises the ram C and the said mould b, thus exerting the required
pressure upon the metal in the said mould. This pressure is maintained until the
metal in the said mould has, by cooling and compression, been brought to a semi-fluid
or plastic condition. The ram C is then lowered and the frame e and plunger d are
swung away from the space between the punch and the said mould 6; the said
punch is then lowered by permitting the discharge of liquid from the cylinders f, and
the clips or clamps are caused to engage with the screw-threaded part h² of the rod h.
Then the ram C and mould b are again raised, so that the punch is forced into the
metal in the said mould. Immediately after this punching operation, the clips or clamps j
are disengaged from the rod and the punch is raised by means of the hydraulic
rams f. In the upward movement of the said punch, the shell (which leaves the
mould therewith) comes in contact with the cross-head E or with any other suitable
stop or obstruction provided for the purpose, and, being thus disengaged from the said
punch, drops upon a suitable guard or deflector, such as that shown at k in Figures 5,
8 and 9, which facilitates its exit from the machine.
While the metal in one mould is being compressed and punched as hereinbefore
described, another mould is charged with molten metal. After each operation of
withdrawing the punch from a projectile, the turntable a is partially rotated to
bring the next mould into the required position beneath the compressing plunger and
punch, and the operations above described are repeated. The metal in one mould can,
therefore, be allowed to cool more or less while the metal in another mould is being
compressed and punched.
In the arrangement shown in Figure 3, the revolving table a is placed between the
pillars D, D' and revolves with or upon the ram of the hydraulic cylinder B. The
said ram is, in this case, constantly subjected, while the machine is in operation, to a
pressure just sufficient to take the weight of the said table off the bed or block A, thus
diminishing the friction between the said table and the bed or block, and allowing the
said table to revolve freely.
The compressing plunger d and punch ' are so arranged that they may be operated
either simultaneously or independently of each other. The said compressing plunger d
is firmly secured to the ram of a hydraulic cylinder carried by the cross-head E.
The said ram is connected by rods m and a cross-bar m³ with the ram n¹ of a
hydraulic cylinder n.
The rod extends through a hydraulic cylinder p and through the ram p¹ of the
said cylinder. This ram is formed with a head p² in which are fitted to slide the clips
or clamps j. The said clips or clamps are arranged to be moved towards and away
from each other by meaus of shafts j', provided with right and left hand screw-
threads and fitted to rotate in suitable bearings in the head p², but prevented from

page_text: end wise movement therein. These screw-shafts work in correspondingly screw-
threaded lugs on the said clips or clamps, and are geared together by means of
toothed wheels j, j, a hand-wheel being fixed on the screw-shaft ji for simul-
taneously rotating the said screw-shaft.
•
The punching-ram p' is connected by means of rods p³ with hollow rams f² which
work in the cylinders and through which extend the rams f¹. The lifting or with-
drawing cylinders for the punch are, therefore, compound, the hollow rams f being
utilized for raising the punching-ram p¹, and the inner rams f¹ for withdrawing the
punch and releasing the shell as above described with reference to Figure 1.
The operation of the machine shown in Figure 3 is as follows, that is to say :-
molten metal is first poured into one of the moulds b and the table a is partially
rotated to bring this mould under the compressing plunger d; the said plunger is then
forced downward by means of the ram to compress the metal in this mould; during
this operation another mould is charged with molten metal. The plunger d is then
raised and, the table a being again partially rotated, the metal in the second mould is
compressed and another mould is charged. The table a is then further rotated thus
bringing the third mould under the compression plunger d and the first mould under
the punch. Then the plunger d and punch are or may be operated simul-
taneously. The operations of charging the moulds, compressing the metal therein and
punching the compressed semi-fluid or plastic ingots are then continuously repeated
as often as may be desired.
The length of time that can be allowed between the pressing of the metal and the
punching thereof, without permitting the compressed metal to lose its plasticity or
semi-fluid condition before it is brought under the punch, can only be determined by
careful observation. If it is found, in the operation of the machine in the manner last
above described, that too much time is allowed for the cooling of the metal between
the compressing and punching operations, the following method may be adopted,
which will ensure the compressed metal being "caught" in the plastic or semi-fluid
condition for punching.
In Figure 2, the positions of the columns D, D¹ of the machine shown in Figure 3,
are indicated by dotted circles, and the moulds bare numbered from 1 to 4. Assuming
the mould 1 to be first charged with molten metal, the table a is revolved through an
angle of ninety degrees in the direction indicated by the arrow in Figure 2, thus
bringing the mould 1 under the press; the metal in the mould 1 is then com-
pressed and at the same time the mould 3 is charged with metal. The table a is
then revolved through an angle of one hundred and eighty degrees, thus bringing
the mould 1 under the punch and the mould 3 under the press. The compression
of the metal in the mould 3 and the punching of the metal in the mould 1 are
then effected, and the table a is again revolved through an angle of 180°. The
metal in the mould 3 is then punched and at the same time the mould 4 is
charged with metal.
The table a is then revolved through an angle of 90° in the direction indicated
by the arrow in Figure 2, the metal in the mould 4 is pressed and the mould 2
at the same time charged with metal. The table a is then revolved through an
angle of 180°, the metal in the mould 4 punched and that in the mould 2 com-
pressed. The table a being again revolved through an angle of 180°, the metal
in the mould 2 is punched and the mould 3 at the same time filled with metal.
The table a is then revolved through an angle of 90°, the metal in the mould 3
pressed and the mould 1 filled, and so on. This method permits of transferring
the metal immediately from the press to the punch. The molten metal may be
contained in a ladle fixed in a swivel working in a horizontal plane so that the
moulds can be filled either when in the position occupied by the mould 1 in
Figure 2, or in the position occupied by the mould 4 in this Figure.
In the arrangement shown in Figure 5, the moulds 6 are contained in a rectangular
table a arranged to be moved to and fro in a straight line through the machine by
means of a hydraulic cylinder q. Suitable provision is made for effecting the
compression and punching of the metal in the moulds so that these operations may

page_text: take place simultaneously or separately, the power being derived from two hydraulic
cylinders B, B* in the bed or foundation A. The rams C, C* of these cylinders work
through holes in the table a under the moulds b. The compressing plunger dis firmly
attached to the cross-head E and is stationary. The punching apparatus is arranged
substantially as above described with reference to Figure 1. The screw-shaft jis,
in this case, connected with the hand-wheel j by means of bevel gearing at 1. The
moulds may be filled as they pass in either direction to the press.
Other suitable means may be substituted for the hydraulic cylinder y for moving
the table a* to and fro through the machine. Or I may use two or more of such tables
in combination with means for moving them one after another through the machine
in the same direction.
The guard or deflector k (Figures 5, 8 and 9), for facilitating the discharge of the
shell from the machine when disengaged from the punch as above described, is hinged
upon one of the columns D1, and rests upon a bracket or collar D³ fixed upon the said
column. The said deflector is provided with a toothed segment k¹ with which is
geared a pinion k². This pinion is fixed upon a short shaft 3 fitted to rotate in the
said bracket and provided with a lever for actuating it by hand to move the
deflector k into and out of its operative position as required.
In some instances I provide for maintaining a supply or flow of water around the
moulds for the purpose of cooling the same.
It will be seen that, by the above described improvements, I provide in a very
efficient and convenient manner for the filling of the moulds, their conveyance
successively to the space under the compressing plunger and the "punch" or mandrel,
the compressing, shaping and punching of the metal in the moulds, and the removal
of the projectiles therefrom in a continuous series of operations.
I sometimes modify the above described apparatus by using a series of stationary
moulds arranged in a circle or otherwise in combination with a series of compressing
plungers and mandrels or punches, and with means for operating the said plungers
and punches either simultaneously or separately. In this and other arrangements, it
is sometimes convenient to connect each mould with a 'central receptacle into which
the molten metal is poured and from which it flows to the moulds. Or I use one
stationary mould in combination with a plunger and punch so arranged that the said
plunger can be swung clear of the punch.
When the apparatus is constructed to work horizontally, that is to say, when the
punch or mandrel moves horizontally for punching the ingots, it will be necessary to
first pour the metal into a vertical mould and compress it therein, and (after it is
cooled down sufficiently to retain its form) to take it from the said vertical mould and
place it in the horizontal mould in which it is to be punched. In a vertical apparatus,
however, it will not be necessary, though it may, in some cases, be desirable, to remove
the ingot from one mould to another, for the purpose specified.
The punch or mandrel is sometimes arranged to work through the compressing
plunger.
In either form or arrangement of my apparatus the compression of the metal is
effected before, or simultaneously with the punching, either in the mould in which the
projectile is cast or in a separate mould.
The mandrel or punch is, in some instances, made solid and in other instances
is made hollow with provision for containing water under pressure or otherwise, or
for permitting the circulation of water through it, or for forcing water through it
under high pressure. I sometimes construct the mandrel with an exterior surface of
chilled iron cast on a steel or other metal core, which to ensure the retention of the
cast iron should be corrugated circumferentially.
I sometimes employ, in combination with the above described apparatus, transversely
acting hammers or pressers for closing, or partially closing, the outer or open end of
the projectile after punching the same.
In Figures 10 and 11, I have shown a machine for this purpose, which comprises
hydraulic cylinders r supported in a strong bed or block s. The rams of these
cylinders have firmly attached thereto hammers or pressers 2, the operative surfaces

page_text: of which are so formed that they will impart the desired shape or configuration to
the conoidal or ogival end of the projectile. Each of the said rams is formed
with a rod or stem, which extends through the end of the cylinder and through
a hole in the bed s, and on which is placed a volute spring or other suitable spring.
This spring bears against a fixed collar on the said rod or stem ³ so that it will be
compressed when the hammer or presser 2 is operated and will, by its reaction, effect
the return movement of the said hammer or presser. The cylinders are connected
by pipes with a pump or pressure-main, the admission of liquid into the two
cylinders being controlled by a single valve. u is a holder for the projectile, which
holder is arranged within a cavity in the bed or block sand is provided with a bevel-
wheel u with which gears a bevel pinion u² fixed on a shaft u³ on which is also fixed
a hand-wheel u for imparting rotary motion to the holder u and the projectile
therein. A hydraulic cylinder is secured by means of nuts v1, v2 in the lower
part of the bed or blocks and extends upward within the holder u. The ram 3 of
this cylinder is designed to raise the projectile in the said holder for the purpose
hereinafter specified. s¹ is an outlet passage through the bed or blocks for the scale
formed in the operation of closing the end of the projectile.
The machine shown in Figures 10 and 11 operates as follows, viz :-The projectile
or shell from the compressing and punching apparatus above described is placed in
the holder u as shown. The hammers or pressers 2, which have a definite stroke or
movement, are then operated by means of the rams, and their lower edges act
simultaneously upon the upper edge of the projectile. During the hammering or
pressing, the projectile is, between each blow or application of pressure, partially
rotated by means of the hand-wheel u*, and raised by the ram v³, so that its open end
is gradually closed in until the entire nose or ogival part of the shell is formed. The
shell is then pushed out of the holder u by means of the ram v³.
In some instances only one hammer is used, the shell being supported on the side
opposite the hammer by a suitably shaped fixed block. Morcover, instead of hydraulic
rams or pressers, steam-hammers may be used. Or I can so arrange the hammers or
prossers that they may be connected by means of belt or other gearing with a
steam-engine or other motor.
In the machine shown in Figures 12 and 13, each of the hammers or pressers r
is connected by means of a rod or link w¹ with an eccentric w formed or fixed on a
shaft carried in suitable bearings in the bed s. Each of the shafts w² is connected
by a gear-wheel w³, a pinion w¹, a shaft w and bevel wheels w, w', with a shaft w³,
which is connected by bevel wheels w, w10 with the driving-shaft w¹¹. This driving-
shaft is to be connected with a steam-engine or other suitable motor. The mechanism
for rotating and raising the projectile, during the hammering or pressing operation,
is substantially similar to that above described with reference to Figures 10 and 11.
The
In Figures 14 and 15, I have shown a modification of the said machine wherein the
projectile or shell is held, with its axis horizontal, in a chuck z provided with a
clamping-screw ¹ and formed on or firmly attached to a screw-shaft 22 working in a
screw-threaded hole or nut in a standard s² formed on the bed or block s.
shaft is provided with a hand-wheel ³ for rotating it. It will be seen that, by
rotating the said screw-shaft, after each outward stroke or movement of the hammers
or pressers, the projectile may be simultaneously turned and moved towards the
said hammers or pressers. The mechanism for operating these hammers or pressers is
substantially similar to that above described with reference to Figures 12 and 13. It
is obvious, however, that the device shown in Figures 14 and 15, for simultaneously
imparting rotary and endwise movement to the projectile, is also applicable to a
machine in which the hammers or pressers are operated by means of hydraulic rams
or otherwise.
It is evident that, if desired, the closing or partial closing of the open end of the
hollow body or projectile may be effected by other means than those above described.
By using moulds of the required internal shape or configuration, I can make
projectiles having a solid point or apex, an aperture being left in the base of the
projectile for the introduction of the bursting-charge and the fuse.

page_text: For finally reducing the projectile to the required external diameter, I provide a
series of rollers arranged to revolve about an axis parallel to that of the projectile.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I wish it understood that I do not
claim broadly or irrespectively of my improvements herein set forth the manufacture
of a hollow-projectile by driving a punch into a mass of metal in a die or mould; as
such manner of manufacture is described in the said former specification granted to
Sir Joseph Whitworth, and, moreover, I am aware that it has already been proposed
to manufacture hollow projectiles by punching solid forged blocks of metal in a die or
mould; but I claim :-
First. The manufacture of hollow projectiles or shells by the herein described
method, in which the metal is compressed in a suitably formed mould or die and is.
punched while in a semi-fluid or plastic condition.
Second. The manufacture of hollow-projectiles by a process wherein the metal
poured into one mould is compressed and then moved under the punching apparatus,
and the punching thereof is effected simultaneously with the compression of the metal
in another mould, as herein set forth.
Third. The manufacture of hollow-projectiles or shells by compressing and punching
the metal in a suitably formed mould or die and then closing or partially closing the
hollow body thus produced, by means of transversely acting hammers or pressers,
substantially as herein before described.
Fourth. An apparatus wherein a revolving or travelling table containing a series of
moulds or dies is arranged in combination with a compressing plunger and a punch
and with means for raising and lowering the said moulds or for operating the said
plunger and punch, substantially as, and for the purposes, set forth.
1
Fifth. The combination, with the punch and means for operating the same, of the
compressing plunger carried by the swing frame, substantially as described with
reference to Figure 1 of the drawings for the purposes specified.
Sixth. The combination of the hydraulic cylinders supported by the cross-head, the
screw-threaded punch carried by the rams of the said cylinders, and the clips or clamps
adapted to engage with the said punch and provided with means for operating or
adjusting them, substantially as described with reference to Figure 1, or to
Figures 5, 6 and 7 of the drawings, for the purposes specified.
Seventh. The combination, with the screw-threaded punch, of the hydraulic cylinder
provided with the hollow punching ram, the clips or clamps fitted to slide in the head
of the said ram and adapted to engage with the said punch, and the hydraulic
cylinders supported by the cross-head and provided with the hollow rams for raising
the punch out of the mould and with the inner rams for withdrawing the said punch
from the shell, substantially as described with reference to Figures 3 and 4 of the
drawings.
Eighth. The combination, with the punching apparatus, of the deflector hinged
upon the column and provided with means for moving the same into and out of its
operative position, substantially as, and for the purposes, set forth.
Ninth. The improved apparatus wherein there is a series of moulds movable
through the press and wherein the parts are constructed and combined substantially
as described with reference to Figures 1 and 2, or to Figures 3 and 4, or to
Figures 5 and 6 of the drawings and operate as, and for the purposes, above specified.
Tenth. The modification of my invention wherein I employ one or more stationary
moulds (whether in connection with a central receptacle or otherwise arranged) in
combination with suitable pressing and punching apparatus, substantially as, and for
the purpose, set forth.
Eleventh. The combination of one or more transversely acting hammers or pressers
with means for operating the same, substantially as, and for the purpose, set forth.
Twelfth. The combination, with one or more of the said hammers or pressers and
means for operating the same, of devices for imparting rotary and end wise movement
to the projectile, substantially as, and for the purposes, set forth.

page_text: Thirteenth. The improved machine consisting of the parts constructed and combined
substantially as described with reference to Figures 10 and 11, or to Figures 12 and 13,
or to Figures 14 and 15 of the drawings, and operating as, and for the purposes,
above specified.
·
Fourteenth. A hollow projectile or shell manufactured substantially in the manner
herein before described.
D