IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COVERS OF SANITARY AND OTHER PANS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Morris, of the Firm of Edward Morris and
Son, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Braziers and Iron
Plate Workers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COVERS OF
SANITARY AND OTHER PANS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Morris at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th November 1873.
I, JAMES MORRIS, of the Firm of Edward Morris and Son, of
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Braziers and Iron Plate
Workers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COVERS OF SANITARY AND OTHER PANS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
constructing the covers of the said pans, my said improvements having
for their object to provide a durable and efficient joint to the said

page_text: covers, whereby the escape of the liquid contents of the said pans when
moving or transporting the same is wholly or mainly prevented.
In constructing the covers of sanitary and other pans according to my
Invention, I rivet to the under side of the top plate of the cover and at
a short distance from its edge a conical or inclined rim or flange, the 5
lower edge of the said rim or flange nearly touching when the cover is
fitted upon the pan the inner cylindrical surface of the said pan. The
extreme lower edge of the conical or inclined rim or flange is bent at
right angles or into a cylindrical figure, so as to nearly fit the inside of
the pan, and the outer side of the said bent edge of the flange may 1
be provided with a washer or ring of india-rubber or other flexible
material.
When the cover is fitted into the pan, the horizontal part or top of the
cover is supported on the top of the pan, while the lower edge of the
flange or rim of the cover nearly comes into contact with the inside of 1
the pan, an annular space of a triangular figure in cross section being
left between the cover and its flange and the inside of the pan.
When by the motion of the pan the liquid therein is flushed or dashed
about, the force of the said flushed liquid is broken by striking against
the inside of the said inclined flange or rim, a portion only of the liquid 2
escaping through the narrow space between the extreme lower edge of
the flange or rim and the pan into the space described between the rim
or flange and cover and upper part of the pan, from whence it gradually
returns through the joint to the pan; the quantity of liquid which can
thus escape through the joint being small compared with the capacity of 2
the space between the flange and pan there is little or no risk of liquid
escaping between the edge of the pan and the cover.
A series of small holes is made near the top of the flange of the cover
to facilitate the placing of the cover in the pan and the return of the
liquid.
The rim or flange of the cover may have a curved figure instead of the
inclined or conical figure described.
3
Pans provided with covers made according to my Invention are
particularly useful for holding and transporting excrementitious matters,
but may also be used for holding and transporting liquid or partly liquid 3
matters generally.

page_text: DEVIFICATION
in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Morris in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 30th April 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
MORRIS, of the Firm of Edward Morris and Son, of Birmingham, in the.
County of Warwick, Braziers and Iron Plate Workers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said James Morris, Her special
license that I, the said James Morris, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said James Morris, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COVERS
OF SANITARY AND OTHER PANS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said James Morris, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Morris, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
constructing the covers of the said pans, my said improvements having
for their object to provide a durable and efficient joint to the said
covers, whereby the escape of the liquid contents of the said pans when.
moving or transporting the same is wholly or mainly prevented,

page_text: In constructing the covers of sanitary and other pans according to my
Invention, I rivet to the under side of the top plate of the cover and at
a short distance from its edge a conical or inclined rim or flange, the
lower edge of the said rim or flange nearly touching when the cover is
fitted upon the pan the inner cylindrical surface of the said pan. The
extreme lower edge of the conical or inclined rim or flange is bent at
right angles or into a cylindrical figure so as to nearly fit the inside of
the pan, and the outer side of the said bent edge of the flange may
be provided with a washer or ring of india-rubber or other flexible
material.
When the cover is fitted into the pan, the horizontal part or top of the
cover is supported on the top of the pan, while the lower edge of the
flange or rim of the cover nearly comes into contact with the inside of
the pan, an annular space of a triangular figure in cross section being
left between the cover and its flange and the inside of the pan.
When by the motion of the pan the liquid therein is flushed or dashed
about, the force of the said flushed liquid is broken by striking against
the inside of the said inclined flange or rim, a portion only of the liquid
escaping through the narrow space between the extreme' lower edge of
the flange or rim and the pan into the space described between the rim
or flange and cover and upper part of the pan, from whence it gradually
returns through the joint to the pan. The quantity of liquid which can
thus escape through the joint being small compared with the capacity of
the space between the flange and pan there is little or no risk of liquid
escaping between the edge of the pan and the cover.

page_text: a is the cylindrical pan, and 6 is the top plate of the cover. To the
under side of the said top plate 6, and at the distance from its edge
represented in the Drawing, a conical or inclined rim or flange c is
rivetted or otherwise attached. The extreme lower edge c³ of the
conical or inclined rim or flange c is cylindrical, so that when the
cover b, c, is placed on the pan its cylindrical edge c³ nearly fits the
inside of the said pan, as represented. A ring or washer of india-rubber
or other flexible material may be applied to the outside of the cylindrical
edge of the flange c.
When the sanitary pan is in use, the horizontal part or top 6 of the
cover is supported on the top of the pan a, and the lower edge c² of the
flange e nearly comes in contact with the inside of the pan, an annular
space d of a triangular figure in cross section being left between the
cover b, flange c, and the inside of the pan a (see the section Figure 2).
Around and near the top of the flange c a series of small holes f, f, is
made to permit of the passage of air, and thereby to facilitate the placing
of the cover in the pan, and the return of any liquid which may escape
into the space a.
As the pan is moved or transported from place to place the liquid or
partly liquid matter therein is flushed or dashed about, the force of the
said flushed liquid being broken by striking against the inside of the
inclined flange or rim c, a portion only of the liquid escaping between
the extreme lower cylindrical edge c³ of the flange c and the pan into
the space d, between the said flange and pan. The flushed liquid thus
escaping into the space d gradually returns through the joint at c³ to the
pan.
By the arrangement described and represented of the parts of the
cover there is little or no risk of the liquid escaping between the top
edge of the pan and the horizontal part 6 of the cover.
The rim or flange of the cover may have a curved figure instead of the
inclined or conical figure represented in the Drawing.
I make the said pans and covers by preference of galvanized iron, but
I do not limit myself to any particular material.
Pans provided with covers made according to my Invention are
particularly useful for holding and transporting excrementitious matters,

page_text: but may also be used for holding and transporting liquid or partly liquid
matters generally.
Having explained the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I
claim as my Invention, the improvements in the covers of sanitary and
other pans herein-before described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawing, that is to say, forming on the under side of the top plate of
the cover a conical or inclined or curved rim or flange, the lower edge of
which when the cover is put in its place on the pan nearly fits the inner
cylindrical surface of the said pan, an annular space being left between
the cover and pan, into which space some of the flushed liquid, the force
of which has been broken by striking against the rim or flange, enters,
and gradually returns from the said space into the pan, substantially as
described and illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Morris, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of April, in the year of our
T
thousand night hundananda
Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT,
Clerk to George Shaw,
Birmingham.
JAMES MORRIS. (L.S.)