THE MODE OF PRODUCING THE SWISS NEW DEEP AND PALE REDD BY TOPICAL MORDANTS, AND A PALE BLUE DISCHARGE ON SAID REDD
Year: 1818

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, GILBERT
LANG and ROBERT SMITH, of Parkholm, near Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, Calico Printers, send greeting.
WHEREAS His Royal Highness the Prince Regent, in the name of His
most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, did, by His Letters
Paten: under the Great Seal of Great Britain, dated at Westminster, the
Eleventh day of April, in the fifty-eighth year of the reign of His said
Majesty King George the Third, give and grant unto us, the said Gilbert Lang
and Robert Smith, our executors, administrators, and assigns, by ourselves or
themselves, or by such other person as we or they should appoint or agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
of years therein expressed, should make, use, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, in such manner as to us, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or any of us, should appear expedient, our
Invention of "THE MODE OF PRODUCING THE SWISS NEW DEEP AND PALE REDD
BY TOPICAL MORDANTS, AND A PALE BLUE DISCHARGE ON SAID REDD;" in which
Letters Patent there is contained a proviso that we, the said Gilbert Lang
and Robert Smith, shall, within the space of two calendar months, to be
computed from the date of the said grant, particularly describe the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an
instrument in writing under our hands and seals, and cause the same to be
inscribed and engrossed in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery, otherwise
the said Letters Patent.to become null and void, as in and by the said Letters
Patent, relation being thereunto had, may more fully and at large appear. .

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in pursuance of and compliance with the said recited
proviso, we, the said Gilbert Lang and Robert Smith, do hereby declare that
the nature of the said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be
performed, is as herein-after mentioned, that is to say :-
When the cotton cloth has been freed, by steeping and boiling in soap and
water, from the paste used by the weaver, and any other impurities it may
have acquired, immerse it thoroughly, or as it is called, tramp or pad it in a
solution of any alkali, and oil or grease, forming an imperfect soap, or boil it
in any of the perfect soaps dissolved in water. We prefer a solution of soda
and Gallipoli oil, in the proportion of one gallon of oil to twenty gallons of
soda lee, at the strength of four degrees and a half by Mr. Twaddel's
(of Glasgow) hydrometer. Then dry the cloth in the stove and repeat this
process several times, which may be varied at pleasure, according to the lustre
and durability of the colour wanted, stove-drying the cloth between every
immersion. To the above solutions add a little sheep's dung for the first three
immersions; these are called the dung liquors. After the cloth has received
the dung liquors it is steeped for twelve hours in a quantity of water, at one
hundred and ten degrees of heat of Fahrenheit's thermometer; this is called
the green steep. The cloth being again stove-dryed is immersed as above in
a solution of alkali, and oil or grease, or boiled in perfect soap dissolved, but
without the sheep's dung. This is repeated four times or oftener, according
to the brilliancy of colours wanted, stove-drying as before between every
immersion; these are called the white liquors. Steep the cloth for twelve
hours at one hundred twenty-five degrees of Fahrenheit, which forms what
is called the white steep. The cloth, being now thoroughly washed in cold
water and dryed, is ready to receive,―
First, the pink mordant, which is composed as follows:-Take equal
quantities, by measurement, of a decoction of galls, at the strength of four to
six, and a solution of alum at one half degree, both of Mr. Twaddel's hydro-
meter, the alum being previously saturated with whitening, or any other alkali,
in the proportion of one ounce to the pound weight of alum. Mix them toge-
ther and raise the temperature to one hundred and forty degrees of Fahrenheit,
or as hot as can be handled. By immersion, as formerly mentioned, in this
mixture, the cloth, when dyed and cleared in the manner hereafter described,
exhibits a beautiful pink, equal, if not superior, to that produced by cochineal,
and forms the ground colour of the Invention. The same effect may be
produced by using the galls and alum as above, separately.
.
As a substitute for galls in the foregoing process the following substances
may be used, viz:-oak bark, sawdust of oak, shumac, myrobalan citrons,

page_text: tormentil roots, or any other substance containing a sufficiency of the tanning
principle or astringent quality. And as substitute for alum the following
may be used, viz:-alum dissolved or held dissolved in solution by vinegar;
pyroligneous or any of the vegetable or animal acids, or any number of them
combined (but which may be most readily obtained by using acetite of lead or
sugar of lead); or as a substitute for alum may be used any of the mineral;
vegetable, or animal acids combined, singly or together with tin, lead, zinc,
antimony, bismuth, cobalt, or nickel.
Second, the pink mordant may also be also be communicated to the
cloth in the following mode, which we prefer :-After the cloth has received
the dung liquors and the green steep, wring and dry it; then, to the
immersions before mentioned in the solutions of alkali and oil, forming the
white liquors, add a decoction of galls and calcined alum, or any of the
mineral, vegetable, or animal acids combined, singly or together with tin,
lead, zink, bismuth, antimony, cobalt, or nickel, or any number of them toge-
ther; but we prefer decoction of galls, in the proportion of one pound to the
gallon of the above solution or white liquor, mixed up with one or two ounces
calcined alum, the quantity of which may be varied according to the shade of
pink wanted. As before, steep for twelve hours in water, at one hundred and
twenty-five degrees of Fahrenheit, with the addition of a small quantity of
alkali.
Third, the cloth being now well washed in cold water and dried, print,
pencil, stamp, or otherwise apply topically to the cloth the deep red mordant,
made up as follows:-Take alum or alum held in solution by mixture with
sugar of lead, pyroligneous acid, vinegar, or any other vegetable or animal
acids, singly or together with or without the addition of muriate or intro-
muriate of zinc, muriate or intro-muriate of tin, muriate or intro-muriate of
lead, or nitrate of lead, or any of the simple or compound combinations of any
of the mineral, vegetable, or animal acids, with tin, lead, zink, antimony,
bismuth, cobalt, or nickel, thickened according to the usual mode followed
by calico printers, such as with starch, flour, British gum, pipeclay, gum,
senegal, arabic, tragacanth, or any other of the gums. But to form the
mordant we prefer as follows:-Take one gallon of water and dissolve in it
two pounds of alum and about ten ounces of sugar of lead; stir well, and add
two ounces of whitening, or any other alkali. After being well mixed, draw
off the clear solution and thicken with gum dragon or tragacanth. The mor³
dant thus prepared is printed on by the block, so as to leave spaces of the
pink or ground colour for the introduction of the pale blue, second red, &c.
as afterwards described.

page_text: Fourth, as above, print, pencil, stamp, or apply topically, for the second
or pale red; the same mordant, reduced in strength one half, or which
may be varied according to the shade wanted. The cloth, being now printed
and dried, is rinced in a copper of hot water well charged with cow <lung;
clean well by washing, and rince again, as just mentioned; wash again in cold
water, and the cloth is ready for dyeing, which is done as follows:-Put a
quantity of water into a copper boiler sufficient to dye eighteen twelve-yard
pieces, say about three hundred gallons, which bring to a blood heat; then
add one gallon and half of bullock's blood, mix well, and put in the madder
roots well cut, say four pounds per piece, or more or less, according to the
depth of red required. Enter the goods, and turn them over a wince gradually,
regulating the fire so as to bring the copper to the boil in two hours. Then
boil for one hour, when the goods will be fully dyed. The cloth being now
dyed is well cleaned and dried, and then immersed in a solution of oil and
alkali, similar to that used in the white liquors; then dry it, and afterwards
brighten the colour by boiling in soap and water till brought to the shade
wanted. Raise this colour to its lustre by rincing in warm water and the
oxy-muriate of lime; wash, dry, and prepare the cloth again for printing.. The
pale blue discharge is now printed on, and is composed of Prussian blue, finely
pounded in a dry state, and dissolved in sulphuric, muriatic, nitric, tartaric, or
any of the mineral, vegetable, or animal acids, or any number of them in
combination; but of all the acids wo prefer that obtained from the nitro-
muriate of tin in a high degree of saturation. Thicken in the manner for-
merly mentioned, and print, pencil, stamp, or otherwise apply topically to
those parts or spaces of the cloth where the deep red mordant has not been
applied. The shade of blue will vary according to the quantity of colouring
matter used. Dip the cloth into a vat charged with oxy-muriate of lime, and
the pink will be quite discharged, and a bright blue maintain its place; and if
a white is wanted, print an acid on the pink ground of sufficient strength to
form a white when passed thro' the oxy-muriate of lime; but the patterns must
be so calculated as not to encroach upon the deep red, which the acid would
injure, tho' not discharge. It is evident that the success of this stile of work
will in a great measure depend on the quality of the stuff's employed, as well as
on proper washing, dyeing, and general regard to cleanliness. We then pro-
ceed to print in whatever other colours are wanted, in the manner well known
and generally practised by calico printers; but those not forming any part of
the Invention intended to be herein specified we purposely omit.
In the above Specification the Invention to which we claim the sole and
exclusive right consists in the mode of preparing the cloth for and applying

page_text: he mordants which produce, in the manner herein described, a more durable
nd brilliant deep red than the Turkey red, a second or pale red, a beautiful
ink, and a blue discharge formed upon it, which produces a style of work of
ncommon brilliancy and variety of colours.
In witness whereof, I, the said Gilbert Lang, for myself, and for the
said Robert Smith, my partner, who is absent owing to indisposition,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, the Thirtieth day of May, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighteen.
Inrolled the Second day of June, Oue thousand eight hundred and
eighteen.