The Manufacture of Crimped Fabrics, such as Crape, and Articles ordinarily made of Crimped Human or Horse Hair, such as Wigs and the like, from Cellulose.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Apr., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 27th Jan., 1898-Accepted, 27th Apr., 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATIUN.
The Manufacture of Crimped Fabrics, such as Crape, and Articles
ordinarily made of Crimped Human or Horse Hair, such as Wigs
and the like, from Cellulose.
We, WILLIAM PORTER DREAPER, of Clifton Villa, Coggeshall Road, Braintree,
in the County of Essex, Chemist, and HARRY KNEEBONE TOMPKINS, of North View,
Paget Road, West Dulwich, in the County of Surrey, Chemist, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of crimped fabrics and articles
ordinarily made from crimped human or horse hair, from cellulose and consists
in weaving or otherwise making such fabrics from specially prepared structureless
threads or fibres capable of being crimped or moulded and suitable to take the
place of gum silk, or human or horse hair.
In carrying the invention into effect, cotton or other suitable form of cellulose
is dissolved in a hydrolysing re-agent, namely, in a solution of basic zinc chloride
with or without the addition of other metallic salts or in phosphoric acid, or, after
suitable treatment of the cotton with sulphuric acid, in water alone.
The solution of cellulose is then squirted through a die into a liquid such as
alcohol or acetone which will dissolve the re-agent but not the cellulose.
The threads thus obtained are then washed and dried.
The material can be given any required tint by mixing any suitable dye solution
in the dissolved cellulose before squirting, or after squirting and the thread may be
dyed in the process of washing or before being dried. When dried the material,
either in the thread or fabric, may be dyed by the usual methods employed in
dyeing cotton or the dyeing may be performed during the waterproofing process
where this is subsequently performed.
The thread whilst in its finished dry state or in its gelatinous condition as it
issues from the die and either before during or after dyeing or colouring and
before or after weaving may be waterproofed or varnished by passing it through,
immersing it in, or otherwise coating it with any suitable spirit, oil, or japan
varnish or with an aqueous varnish such as an alkaline solution of shellac.
Or, as an alternative. the material may be coated with or steeped in a solution
of gelatine or glue which is then rendered insoluble by any known means.
Or, the thread or finished fabric may be treated with a solution of nitro-
cellulose of the kind usually known as enamel collodion" or with a solution of
celluloid.
16°
For crape, the threads are woven and crimped in the usual way by being passed
through the crimping rolls either in the dry state or after steaming. In some
cases, the water-proofing processes would be subsequent to the crimping.

page_text: As a substitute for hair, the threads, after being made into the desired fabrics or
articles, would be crimped and treated in the same way as hair.
Dated this 27th day of April 1897.
VAUGHAN & SON,
Agents for the Applicants.
The Manufacture of Crimped Fabrics, such as Crape, and Articles
ordinarily made of Crimped Human or Horse Hair, such as Wigs
and the like, from Cellulose.
We, WILLIAM PORTER DREAPER, of Clifton Villa, Coggeshall Road, Braintree,
in the County of Essex, Chemist, and HARRY KNEEBONE TOMPKINS, of North View,
Paget Road, West Dulwich, in the County of Surrey, Chemist, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement: -
Our said invention relates to the manufacture of crimped fabrics and articles
ordinarily made of crimped human or horse hair, from cellulose.
We have discovered that threads prepared from cellulose treated by means of
hydrolysing agents are capable of retaining a crimped formation, and the present
invention consists in weaving or otherwise making crimped fabrics from such
fibres which are suitable to take the place of gum silk or human or horse hair.
In carrying the invention into effect, we employ known means of dissolving the
cotton, or other suitable form of cellulose, that is to say, we dissolve the same in a
hydrolysing re-agent, such as a solution of zinc chloride, or zinc nitrate, which
will have an equivalent chemical action, with the addition of a small proportion
of other metallic salts, such as, chlorides or nitrates of barium, strontium or
calcium; or, phosphoric acid; or, after suitable treatment of the cellulose. with
sulphuric acid, in water alone.
The solution of cellulose is then squirted through a die into a liquid such as
alcohol or acetone which will dissolve the re-agent but not the cellulose.
The threads thus obtained are then washed and dried.
The material can be given any required tint by means of any suitable dye incor-
porated with the dissolved cellulose before squirting or applied after squirting
and before being dried. When dried, the material, either in the form of thread or
fabric, may be dyed by the usual methods employed in dyeing cotton, or the dyeing
may be performed during the waterproofing process hereinafter mentioned, where
this is subsequently performed.
The thread whilst in its finished dry state or in its gelatinous condition as it
issues from the die and either before, during or after dyeing or colouring and
before or after weaving, may be waterproofed or varnished by passing it through,
immersing it in or otherwise coating it with any suitable spirit, oil or japan
varnish or with an aqueous varnish such as an alkaline solution of shellac.
ور
Or, as an alternative, the material may be coated with or steeped in a solution
of gelatine or glue which is then rendered insoluble by any known means.
Or, the thread or finished fabric may be treated with a solution of nitro-
cellulose, of the kind usually known as enamel collodion
or with a solution of
For crape, the threads are woven and crimped in the usual way by being passed
through the crimping rolls either in the dry state or after steaming. In some
cases, the waterproofing processes would be subsequent to the crimping.
celluloid.

page_text: As a substitute for hair, the threads after being made into the desired fabrics or
articles would be crimped and treated in the same way as hair.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:-
The manufacture of crimped fabrics, such as crape, and articles ordinarily made
of crimped human or horse hair such as wigs and the like, by preparing cellulose
threads and subsequently weaving or otherwise making the same into the desired
form, such material being crimped either before or after weaving, by the means
and in the manner substantially as herein before described.
Dated this 27th day of January 1898.
VAUGHAN & SON,
Agents for the Applicants.