IMPROVEMENTS IN EMERY WHEELS AND APPARATUS USED THEREWITH, AND IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CUTTING AND TRUEING THE GRINDING SURFACES OF EMERY WHEELS
Year: 1875

page_text: ĻETTERS PATENT to Arnold Budenberg, of the Firm of Schäffer and
Budenberg, of the City of Manchester, Steam Guage Manu-
facturers, for the Invention of “IMPROVEMENTS IN EMERY WHEELS AND
APPARATUS USED THEREWITH, AND IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR
CUTTING AND TRUEING THE GRINDING SURFACES OF EMERY WHEELS.”—A
communication from abroad by Louis Bollman, of Vienna, in the
Timaine
M
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arnold Budenberg at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 13th May 1875.
•
I, ARNOLD BUDENBERG, of the Firm of Schäffer and Budenberg, of
5 the City of Manchester, Steam Guage Manufacturers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN EMERY WHEELS
AND APPARATUS USED THEREWITH, AND IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR
CUTTING and Trueing the Grinding SURFACES OF EMERY WHEELS,” a commu«
.

page_text: nication to me from abroad by Louis Bollman, of Vienna, in the Empire
of Austria, Manufacturer, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates,-
First. To the production of an emery wheel which shall be capable of
being driven at a higher speed than has hitherto been practicable with
safety, and consists in making an emery wheel of the ordinary material
but of an annular form, and using the bevilled edge of the ring as the
grinding surface; such annular emery wheel being carried in a metallic
drum or casing in which it fits accurately, and whereby it is effectually
prevented becoming fractured and flying off by centrifugal force, the
metallic drum or casing being caused to revolve in an oblique direction
by being keyed upon a shaft, mounted in' bearings, set to the required
angle with the table or bed of the machine, say at an angle of 45
degrees more or less. The grinding surface of this annular emery wheel
is projected beyond the edges of its metallic casing, as it wears away by
being secured at the back to a metallic disc plate which is forced
forwards by set screws, and is then locked in position by suitable lock
nuts or in any other convenient manner. This description of emery
wheel is capable of being driven at very high speeds, and besides being
useful for grinding and polishing flat, curved, and angular surfaces is
also applicable for grinding and polishing cylindrical surfaces of metallic
or other bodies mounted in a lathe to which a slow revolving motion is
imparted.
.
Secondly. These improvements refer to a novel method of preventing
the article undergoing the grinding or surfacing process becoming over
heated, which is effected by arranging a series of jets of water to play
upon the opposite side of the article to that upon which the grinding is
being performed, the necessary pressure of water to supply the jets being
obtained from a cistern or reservoir placed at a higher level, and a tray
being suitably disposed to catch and convey away the waste water after
it has performed its cooling function, or such jets may be supplied by a
pump or syringe worked by being connected to any convenient recipro-
cating portion of the machine.
These improvements further relate to the construction and adaptation
of a cover or shield to prevent injury in case of an emery wheel
becoming broken and flying off by centrifugal force, and consist in
arranging a metallic spring band at a suitable distance from and around
:

page_text: the exposed portion of the periphery of all classes of emery wheels; this
spring band being continued in parallel directions at each extremity for a
certain distance, and then turned back previous to having its extremities
secured to the framing of the machine or connected to cross springs, the
two parallel portions of this spring band being further strengthened by
cross stays secured in position by nuts screwed on to their extremities.
This spring shield effectually prevents accident by acting as a spring
buffer for breaking the force with which any fractured portion of an
emery wheel may fly off..
The improvements in the method of and apparatus for cutting and
trueing the surfaces of emery wheels consist in performing such
operation by means of steel discs which are serrated on their peripheries
or edges, one or more of such discs being secured on a spindle mounted
in suitable bearings upon a slide rest.
The action of these discs or cutters is as follows:-When the emery
wheel requiring to be faced is revolving the rest carrying the discs is
advanced slowly towards it until the teeth of the discs come in contact
with the emery wheel, when such discs are caused to revolve and a
continuous chipping or picking action upon the surface of the emery
wheel takes place, as each successive serration or saw tooth in the discs
is brought in contact with a fresh point in the surface of the emery
wheel; by this means the turning and trueing of the surface of emery
wheels is facilitated, and is performed in considerably less time than has
hitherto been found practicable.
5 SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
IFICATION
filed by the said Arnold Budenberg in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 13th November 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ARNOLD
BUDENBERG, of the Firm of Schäffer and Budenberg, of the City of
0 Manchester, Steam Guage Manufacturers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
.

page_text: water to play upon the opposite side of the article or work to that upon
which the grinding is being performed.
· Thirdly. These improvements relate to the construction and adaptation
of a cover or shield to prevent injury, in case of an emery wheel
becoming broken and flying off by centrifugal force, and consist in
arranging a metallic spring band at a suitable distance from and around
the exposed portion of the periphery of all classes of emery wheels.
Fourthly. The improvements refer to the method of and apparatus for
cutting and trueing the surfaces of emery wheels, and consist in per-
forming such operation by means of steel discs, which are serrated on
their peripheries or edges, one or more of such discs being secured on a
spindle revolving in suitable bearings upon a slide rest.
In order that the said improvements may be clearly understood and
readily carried into operation; I will proceed to describe the same in
detail conjointly with the nine Figures of the accompanying Drawing.
Fig. 1 is a front elevation partly in section of the mechanism referred
to in my first improvements.
Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the mechanism referred to in my second
improvement.
Fig. 3 is a side elevation, and Fig. 4, a plan; "Fig. 5, a second side
elevation; and Fig. 6, a third side elevation, and Fig. 7, a plan of three
different mechanical arrangements illustrating my third improvement.
Fig. 8 is a back elevation, and Fig. 9, a side elevation of the
mechanism referred to in my fourth improvement.
In Fig. 1 a is the shaft of the emery wheel 6 which is set at an angle
with the work c requiring to be dressed, I prefer for this purpose an angle
of forty-five degrees, but the same may be varied a few degrees in one
direction or the other, according to circumstances; e, e, are the bearings
of the shaft a and which are connected to the framing of the machine;
f is a metallic casing or drum in which I insert the emery wheel b, and
which is keyed to the shaft a; the manner of fixing the emery wheel in
this drum must be such that the same may be set out as fast as the emery
wheel is reduced or worn away by working, so that the bevilled grinding
surface 6' may always project beyond the drum to the requisite extent
for effective working, or the rim of the drum may be made of metallic
rings ƒ, which can be detached successively as the emery wheel 6 is
•
.
1

page_text: worn away, such rings may be fastened by screws, soldering, or otherwise
so as to form part of the casing f; g is the table on which the work e to
be dressed or planed is secured, and for this purpose a to-and-fro motion
is imparted to the same as well as a gradual transverse motion, similar
to that of a planing machine in order to bring every part of the surface
of e successively under the emery wheel b; this table may also be made
to work vertically or in an angular direction.
In Fig. 2 is illustrated my improved method of and apparatus for
keeping the work cool whilst undergoing the grinding or polishing
process; a is the work to be dressed by the emery wheel b, and which is
fastened to the table c in any appropriate manner, so as to form below a
cavity in which is inserted a closed vessel or pipe d supplied with water
through a flexible tube e, connected with a reservoir situated at a higher
level or by means of a pump, the upper surface of this vessel or pipe d is
perforated in such a manner that the water therein contained is pro-
jected in a series of jets on the entire under surface of the work or to be
dressed, and after having thus cooled the work the water may be carried
away in any appropriate manner, such for instance as by providing on
both or either side of the stationary bed c', troughs ff, into which it
falls, and from whence it will deliver itself at both or either extremities
into cans or otherwise.
The impovements represented in Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, has reference
to the construction and adaptation of covers or shields of an elastic
nature to protect the workman in case of the emery wheel bursting by
centrifugal force or otherwise.
Fig. 3 is a side elevation, and Fig. 4, a plan of one modification of
shield wherein the emery wheel a is partially surrounded at a slight
distance therefrom by a relatively thin guard of iron, steel, or other
appropriate metal 6 attached at either extremity by screws c to two
parallel spring bars d, d, which in their turn are attached by their
extremities to any appropriate part of the main framing; e, e, are two
stay bolts connecting these two spring bars d, d, and running as close
as possible both to the faces of the wheel and to the shaft on which it is
keyed.
Fig. 5 is a side elevation of a second modification of such shield,
wherein a, the emery wheel is partially surrounded by a shield 6 at a
slight distance from the wheel, and which is bolted to the framing of the

page_text: machine; d, d, are cross bolts of which two or more are on either side
of the emery wheel as near to its faces and to the shaft as possible.
Fig. 6 is a side elevation, and Fig. 7, a plan of a third modification of
such shield in which the wheel a is partially surrounded by a metallic
plate 6 which is secured to a framing c by the straps 6¹ and bolts d, the
same frame in its turn being by extension of e and e' secured to the
framing of the machine. These spring shields effectually prevent
accident by acting as a spring buffer for breaking the force with which
any fractured portion of an emery wheel may fly off.
In Figs. 8 and 9 a represents the stand or rests to be mounted on an
ordinary slide rest in which is inserted a spindle 6 secured from turning
by a pin 6'; on this spindle is fitted loosely a circular boss c, against the
shoulder c¹ of which are secured the dressing discs d, d', by means of the
washer e and the screws f. These discs arc made of hardened steel; they
may vary in number, but when several are used I prefer alternating their
tecth in such a manner that the teeth of the said discs may act
successively and not simultaneously..
The action of these discs or cutters is as follows:-When the emery
wheel requiring to be faced is revolving, the rest a carrying the discs
d, d', is advanced slowly towards it until the teeth of such discs come in
contact with the emery wheel, when such discs are caused to revolve
and a continuous chipping or picking action upon the surface of the
emery wheel takes place, as each successive serration or saw tooth in the
discs is brought in contact with a fresh point in the surface of
the emery wheel; by this means the turning and trueing of the surface
of emery, wheels is facilitated, and is performed in considerably less time
than has hitherto been found practicable.
'
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of the
said Invention together with the best methods with which I am
acquainted for carrying the same into practical effect, I wish it to be
understood that I make no claim to the annular form of emery wheel,
and method of mounting the same mentioned in my Provisional Specifi-
cation, as since filing that document I have learnt that the same were
not new at the date of my Provisional Specification, but what I do claim
is,-
1st. Mounting an emery wheel in an angular position with reference

page_text: may be used as the grinding surface either for grinding horizontal or
vertical surfaces.
2nd. The mode of cooling the work by means of water applied below,
and the mechanism therewith connected.
3rd. The peculiar construction and adaptation of guards to emery
wheels or grindstones, as shewn in the three accompanying illustrations,
the fundamental principle consisting in opposing to the projected
fragments of a bursting wheel an obstacle or obstacles of a partially
yielding or elastic nature.
4th. The cutting or turning of the working surfaces of emery wheels
or grindstones by means of hardened steel discs with serrated edges
brought gradually in contact with a revolving wheel or stone, and
gradually advanced towards the same until all the eccentric parts have
been picked or hewn off from the same, and the wheel or stone forms an
entire and complete circle.
set
In witness whereof, I, the said Arnold Budenberg, have hereunto
my hand and seal, this Eighth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.
Witness,
D. H. BRANDON,
13, Rue Gaillon,
•
· Paris.
ARNOLD BUDENBERG. (L.s.)