Improvements in Heating Stoves or Lamps.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 3-d Mar., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 3rd Jan., 1895-Accepted, 9th Feb., 1895
TRUVIDIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Heating Stoves or Lamps.
I, JAMES GARDNER CALVERT, of 19 Kyrkogatan, Gothenburg, in the Kingdom
of Sweden, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in that kind of heating stoves or lamps
in which petroleum or other hydrocarbon liquid or oil is employed as the heating
agent, and more especially to such stoves or lamps in which the petroleum or
other hydrocarbon liquid is first vaporized and the vapour then burnt at a suitable
jet or burner, and the object of the invention is to provide improved means for
effecting the aforesaid vaporization of the combustible liquid.
Heretofore it has been customary to effect this vaporization by applying heat to
a vessel containing the liquid to be evaporated, but there are certain serious
objections and inconveniences connected with this method among which may be
mentioned firstly the difficulty of regulating the evaporation so that it shall remain
properly proportioned to the capacity of the burner where it is consumed, and
secondly the accumulation of carbonaceous deposit in the evaporating vessel which
sooner or later becomes choked therewith.
Now according to my invention instead of applying heat direct to the vessel
containing the liquid, I apply the heat to an incombustible wick which draws up
the liquid by capillary attraction from a suitable reservoir to the point where the
heat is applied and the vaporization then takes place from the wick at that point
so that the evaporation is always limited by the capacity of the wick to supply
the liquid, and any carbonaceous deposit remains in or on the said wick instead of
being deposited in and choking the chamber where the evaporation takes place.
The heat for evaporating the liquid may be furnished from any suitable source
as for example from a small burner consuming a portion of the vapour produced
and arranged to heat a metal plate or other substance which transmits the heat to
the wick placed at the other side thereof.
Dated this 3rd day of March 1894.
J. G. CALVERT,
Per W. H. Beck,
115, Cannon Street, London, Agent.
Improvements in feating Stoves or Lamps.
I, JAMES GARDNER CALVERT, of 19 Kyrkogatan Gothenburg in the Kingdom
of Sweden, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in that kind of heating stoves or lamps
in which petroleum or other hydrocarbon liquid or oil is employed as the heating
agent, and more especially to such stoves or lamps in which the petroleum or other
bydrocarbon liquid is first vaporized and the vapour then burnt at a suitable jet or
го

page_text: burner; and the object of the invention is to provide improved méans for effecting
the aforesaid vaporization of the combustible liquid.
Heretofore it has been customary to effect this vaporization by applying heat to
a vessel containing the liquid to be evaporated, but there are certain serious
objections and inconveniences connected with this method, among which may be
mentioned, firstly, the difficulty of regulating the evaporation so that it shall
remain properly proportioned to the capacity of the burner where it is consumed,
and secondly, the accumulation of carbonaceous deposit in the evaporating vessel
which latter sooner or later becomes choked therewith.
Now according to my invention instead of applying heat direct to the vessel
containing the liquid, I apply the heat to an incombustible wick which draws up
the liquid by capillary attraction from a suitable reservoir to the point where the
heat is applied and the vaporization then takes place from the wick at that point
so that the evaporation is always limited by the capacity of the wick to supply
the liquid, and any carbonaceous deposit remains in, or on the said wick instead of
being deposited in and choking the chamber where the evaporation takes place.
The heat for evaporating the liquid may be furnished from any suitable source
as for example from a small burner consuming a portion of the vapour produced
and arranged to heat a metal plate or other substance which transmits the heat to
the wick placed at the other side thereof.
And in order that the said invention may be fully understood I will now proceed
to describe the same with the aid of the accompanying sheet of drawings in which
Figures 1 and 2 are sectional elevations, taken at right angles to each other, of a
heating stove or lamp constructed in accordance with the invention.
A, is the general body of the stove or lamp which may be made of cast iron or
other suitable material. B is a tube or passage extending through from side to
side of the said body. The lower part of the body A forms a reservoir for the
oil C. D is a wick made of asbestos cloth or other suitable incombustible material
which lays on the top of the tube or passage B and hangs down at the sides thereof
and dips at its ends into the oil C. E' is a burner at which the vapour is burned.
Fare supports for the kettle or other object to be heated. G is a small burner
situated in the tube or passage B and supplied with vapour through the passage H
from the upper part of the body A.
The action of the stove or lamp is as follows:-
The incombustible wick D draws up oil by capillary attraction, and remains
normally impregnated therewith. On applying heat by a spirit lamp, or any other
suitable means to the under side of the division B' forming the top of the tube or
passage B the oil in the part of the wick D lying on the said division is vaporized.
Part of such vapour will issue at the burner E, and may be lighted, and part will
find its way by the passage H to the burner G where it may be ignited and serves
to continue the vaporization of oil from the wick D which is continuously fed with
oil by capillary attraction from the reservoir below as the vaporization goes on
above.
It will be seen that in a stove or lamp constructed and operating as above
described the vaporization of oil cannot exceed the quantity that can be drawn up
by the wick so that when the wick is once properly proportioned to draw up the
quantity of oil which, when evaporated will supply the burner E with a proper
quantity of vapour, there is no fear of more vapour being generated than the
burner E can consume. And further that as the evaporation takes place at the
wick only, any carbonaceous matter that may remain must be deposited on or in
the wick instead of on the bottom or sides of the oil reservoir.
Instead of applying heat to the division B', and to the wick D lying on it, by
means of a burner G supplied with vapour from the stove or lamp itself, the
requisite heat may be supplied by a separate spirit lamp such as G' for example
shown in dotted lines. It will be understood that the tube or passage B being.
quite open to the atmosphere at one or both ends, air to support combustion has
ready access to the burner G or to the spirit lamp G¹.

page_text: In the drawings only one burner E is shown for the combustion of the vapour
for heating external objects, but it is obvious that any larger number of such
burners may be employed if required to utilize the vapour generated in the body
of the stove or lamp.
In order to change the wick D or to clean out the reservoir when required,
the top of the body A may be made removable as shown being preferably jointed
liquid tight to such body by means of asbestos or other jointing, and secured by
screws or otherwise. A suitable filling opening I, closed by a screw plug J should
also be provided.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1
.
First. In an oil stove or lamp for heating purposes the use of an incombustible
wick arranged and operating substantially as described.
Second. In an oil stove or lamp for heating purposes the combination of a body
or oil reservoir A, a tube or passage B across the same, open to the atmosphere
at one or both ends, and adapted to have its upper part heated either by a burner,
such as G, arranged to be supplied with vapour from the body or reservoir of the
stove or lamp, or by a separate spirit lamp inserted into such tube or passage B,
and one or more vapour burners E, substantially as described with reference to the
drawings.
Third. In an oil stove or lamp for heating purposes the combination of a body
or oil reservoir A, a tube or passage B across the same, open to the atmosphere
at one or both ends, means for heating the upper part of the said tube or passage,
an incombustible wick D, and one or more vapour burners E, substantially as
described with reference to the drawings.
Dated this 3rd day of January 1905.
J. G. CALVERT,
Per W. H. Beck,
115, Cannon Street, London, E.C., Agent.