IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FORCE PUMPS
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Georg Sigl, of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria,
Engineer, and Principal of the Firm of G. Sigl and Co., Vienna and
Berlin, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FORCE
PUMPS."
Sealed the 22nd January 1864, and dated the 31st July 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Georg Sigl at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st July 1863.
I, GEORG SIGL, of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria, Engineer, and
Principal of the Firm of G. Sigl and Co., Vienna and Berlin, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF FORCE PUMPS," to be as follows:-
My Invention has reference more particularly to force pumps working
under very high pressures, such as are employed for hydraulic presses, and
consists in making the same of forged metal, and of separate parts fixerl
together, instead of cast metal, as has been done heretofore. For this purpose
I make the pump barrel of wrought iron, or for very high pressures of
wrought steel, and the valve chambers I make of the known malleable alloy
of copper, zinc, tin, and iron.
The separate parts are fixed together in a perfectly water-tight manner,
even under the highest possible pressure, by making the connections of the
valvo chambers with the pump barrels fit accurately together (the inlet valves

page_text: being placed on the opposite side of the pump barrels to that where the outlet
valves are situated), and then fixing the parts firmly together by means of
strong bolts passing right through on either side of the pump barrel. By thus
forming the whole of the pumps of forged metal instead of casting the same
in one piece, as has heretofore been done, I am enabled to make them capable
of working under considerably higher pressures than has heretoforo been
attainable, owing to the unsoundness always attendant on castings.
Furthermore, when required, I arrange a series of such pumps of gradually
decreasing diameters side by side, and I provide each pump with a safety
valve loaded to a certain extent, and I connect the weighted levers of such
safety valves by means of links and levers to the inlet valves of the pumps, so
that when the pressure rises above the load on the safety valve the motion
imparted by it to its loaded lever causes the latter to raise the inlet valve
from its seat, and thus throws the pump out of action. By this arrangement
tho safety valves to the different pumps being loaded in inverse ratio to the
sectional area of their pistons or plungers, as the pressure increases, the pumps
of larger diameter will be consecutively thrown out of action.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Georg Sigl in the Great Seal Patent Oflice on the
26th January 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORG
SIGL, of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria, Engineer, and Principal of tho
Firm of G. Sigl and Co., Vienna and Berlin, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by ler Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of Iler
reign, did, for Ierself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Georg Sigl, Her special licence that I, the said Georg Sigl, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Georg
Sigl, my exccutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make. use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF FORCE PUMPS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Georg Sigl, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing

page_text: under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Georg Sigl, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying Drawing, and to
the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say:-
My Invention has reference more particularly to force pumps working
under very high pressures, such as are employed for hydraulic presses, and
consists in making the same of forged metal, and of separate parts fixed
together, instead of cast metal, as has been done heretofore. For this purpose
I make the pump barrel of wrought iron, or for very high pressures of
wrought steel, and the valve chambers I make of the known malleable alloy
of copper, zinc, tin, and iron, known as "sterometal." The separate parts are
fixed together in a perfectly water-tight manner, even under the highest pos-
siblo pressure, by making the connections of the valve chambers with the
pump barrels fit accurately together (the inlet valves being placed on the
opposite side of the pump barrels to that whero the outlet valves aro
situated), and then fixing the parts firmly together by means of strong bolts
passing right through on either side of the pump barrel. By thus forming
the whole of the pumps of forged metal instead of casting the same in one
piece, as has heretofore been done, I am enabled to make them capable of
working under considerably higher pressures than have heretoforo been
attainable, owing to the unsoundness always attendant on castings.
Furthermore, when required, I arrange a series of such pumps of gradually
decreasing diameters side by side, and I provide each pump with a safety
O valve loaded to a certain extent, and I connect the weighted levers of such
safety valves by means of links and levers to the inlet valves of the pumps, so
that when the pressure rises above the load on the safety valve the motion
imparted by it to its loaded lever causes the latter to raise the inlet valve
from its seat, and thus throws the pump out of action. By this arrangement
5 the safety valves to the different pumps being loaded in inverse ratio to the
sectional area of their pistons or plungers, as the pressure increases, the pumps
of larger diameter will be consecutively thrown out of action.
Figure 1 on the accompanying Drawing shows an end elevation, partly in
section, of a series of pumps of different diameters arranged for working

page_text: hydraulic presses; Figure 2 is a side elevation of the same, partly in section;
Figure 3 is an enlarged sectional plan of the pumps detached; and Figure 4
is an enlarged sectional elevation of the largest pump barrel with its separate
valve chambers fitted thereto. According to my Invention the same letters of
referenco indicate the same parts in all the Figures.
A, B, C, are the pump barrels of varying diameters formed of wrought iron
or steel, according to the amount of pressure at which they are required to
work, the plungers a, b, c, of which pumps are worked by cranks or excentrics
a, b, c, driven by a steam engine or other suitable motive power in the
ordinary manner. D, D', D", are the inlet valves, and E, E, E", are the
outlet valves, the chambers d, d', d", and e, e', e", of which are made of the
malleable alloy of copper, zinc, tin, and iron, known as "sterometal," the delivery
valve chambers being by preference made all in one piece as shown. I prefer
to prepare the metal for these chambers by first casting, and then hammering
the same in dies to produce greater density. The various meeting surfaces
of the pump barrels and valve chambers are turned and fitted together with
great accuracy, so as to render them perfectly water-tight under the greatest
possible pressure, and suitable packing is introduced at P, P, P. These
valve chambers are firmly secured to the pump barrels by means of strong
bolts F, F, F, F, passing right through the body of the delivery valve chambers,
and through a strong angle iron O, which is thereby made to press the inlet
valve chambers against the body of the pump, and serves also to fix the pump
to the framing. G is the delivery channel formed in the body of the delivery
valve chambers, establishing a communication between them, which channel
is connected to the cylinder of the hydraulic press by means of the pipe II.
The inlet valves D, D', D", communicate with the tank or cistern I by means
of the suction pipes J, J, J". k, k, k", are studs formed on the safety valves
K, K, K", which studs, when the pressure in the pumps exceeds the load
on the safety valves, are forced out against the short arm of the weighted
levers L, L', L", the long arms of which are thereby raised, and through the
intervention of the rods M, M, M", and levers N, N', N", lift the inlet
valves D, D', D", by means of the rods Q, Q', Q", passing up the suc-
tion pipes J, J', J", and keep them open, thus throwing the pumps out of
action. By this arrangement, as the safety valves to the different pumps are
loaded in inverse ratio to the sectional area of the plungers, it follows that
as the pressure in the cylinder of the hydraulic press increases, the pump A
will first be thrown out of action, and then the pump B, and the bigbest
degree of pressure required will be obtained by the working of the pump C
alone, which, being loaded to the highest degree of pressure which it is

page_text: required to exert in the hydraulic press, will also be thrown out of action as
soon as that pressure has been reached, and thus an overloading of the press
will not be possible.
The arrangement of the other parts of the apparatus is well known, and
forms no part of my Invention.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the best method I
am acquainted with of performing the same, I wish it to be understood that
I do not confine myself to the precise form, number, or arrangement of the
pumpe as shown on the accompanying Drawing, nor to any particular method
of fixing the valve chambers to the pump barrels, as these may be varied
without in any way departing from the peculiar nature of my Invention, nor
do I claim generally the employment of force pumps of different diameters for
working bydraulic presses, as I am well aware that such have already been
employed; but what I claim is,
Firstly, constructing force pumps of which the pump barrel and valve
chambers are formed of forged metal, and of separate parts fixed together,
substantially as herein-before described and set forth in the accompanying
Drawing.
And, secondly, the arrangement of a series of pumps of decreasing diameters,
each provided with a safety valve which, when the pressure rises above the
load thereon, imparts motion to a lever which raises the inlet valve from its
seat, and thus throws the pump out of action, as herein-before described with
reference to the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Georg Sigl, bave hereunto set my band
and seal, this Twelfth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.