Year: 1867

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, "JOHN
HEUGH and WALTER DUNLOP, both of Cannon Street, in the City of
London, Merchants and Manufacturers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain and Ireland,
bearing date at Westminster, the Fourth day of November, One thousand
-eight-hundred-and-sixty-seven, in_the_thirtieth year of Her reign, did
for Herself, Her heirs, and successors, give and grant unto James Orr,
of the City of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Manu-
facturer, Her especial license, that he, the said James Orr, his executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as he, the said James Orr, his
executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,

page_text: within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN DOUBLING,
FOLDING, OR PLAITING WOVEN OR OTHER WEB FABRICS, AND IN THE MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN OR CONNECTED THEREWITH": And whereas in
pursuance and performance of a proviso in the said Letters Patent
contained, the said James Orr did, within six calendar months next
after the date of the said Letters Patent, cause a Specification in writing,
under his hand and seal, particularly describing the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed to be
duly filed in the Great Seal Patent Office: And whereas by an Indenture
of Assignment, bearing date the Fifth day of December, One thousand
eight hundred and seventy, made between the said James Orr of the one
part, and us, the said John Heugh and Walter Dunlop, of the other part,
the said Letters Patent and Invention, and all and singular the rights
and privileges thereby granted, became and are now absolutely vested
in us, the said John Heugh and Walter Dunlop: And whereas we have
been recently advised that the use of a reciprocating folder or knife, or
reciprocating folding knife or knives in connection with a straight plate
or table surface is not new. We are therefore desirous of disclaiming
the use of a straight plate or table surface as a folding or feeding
surface in connection with a reciprocating folding knife or knives:
And whereas we are further advised that the first claiming clause at
the end of the said Specification is too vague and general, we are
therefore desirous of also disclaiming the same and of limiting and
altering the Specification in the manner herein-after shewn.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Heugh and Walter Dunlop,
by and with the leave of Her Majesty's Attorney-General, do hereby for
the reasons aforesaid, and for effecting the objects aforesaid, strike out
the words "straight plate or table surface," occurring in line 20, page 6,
of the print of the said Specification printed by the Queen's Printers,
and published at the Great Seal Patent Office. Also the words "or
plate" in line 27; also the words "or table surface "in line 32, and
the words "or other equivalent surface
in line 33, all on the said
and we strike out the portion of the Specification
page 6 of the said printed copy of the said Specification which com-
mence with the words "any of these arrangements" at line 2, page 12,
and ends with the words "at the same time, or" at line 21, page 12, of
the said printed copy of the said Specification. We also strike out the

page_text: whole of the first claiming clause commencing at line 39, page 13, and
ending at line 3, page 14, of the said printed copy of the said Specification.
And we strike out the words "or an equivalent surface" in line 5,
page 14; also the words "or equivalent removing surface or surfaces"
in line 6, page 14; also the words "or on an adjacent equivalent
surface" in line 14, page 14, of the said printed copy of the said
Specification. And we further alter or amend the said Specification by
correcting the following clerical errors, that is to say: -We strike out
the letter "h" in the word "holding" in line 25, page 8, and substitute
therefor the letter "f." We strike out the word "of" in line 14,
page 9. We strike out the word "so" in line 18, page 9, and also the
letter "f" in the word "folder" in line 27, page 9, and substitute
therefor the letter "h." We strike out the reference letter "I" in
line 15, page 10, and substitute therefor the letter "I.” We strike
out the word "vessel" in line 4, page 11, and substitute therefor the
word "chamber." And in order that the claiming clauses may read
in their proper order we substitute the word "First" for "Second" in
line 4, page 14, and substitute the word "Second" for "Third" in
line 12, page 14.
And in order that it may be clearly understood what is the Invention
which we now consider to be secured by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent we shall proceed to repeat (omitting preamble and
testing clause) the said Specification as proposed to be amended by this
present Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration as follows:--
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Orr, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained, in and by
the following statement in writing, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, and to the letters and numerals marked thereon,
that is to say :-
My said Invention essentially consists in giving an intermittent
forward traverse to the cloth or other textile fabric in the direction the
plaits or folds are doubled over each other or from the part where they
are folded upon or over the surface of a roller below or between it and a
thin or fine edged folding knife, blade, or bar, or made to reciprocate in
sequential order or equal time with the said intermittent forward traverse,

page_text: laying the parallel rows of folds in reverse directions and so as to
produce what is termed a "box" plaiting of the fabric by alternately
thus reversing its folds while passing through the machine. Referring
to Figures 1 to 4, this arrangement of mechanism or machine consists of
two side standards A strongly screwed or secured to a suitable sole
plate B at a proper distance apart to suit the width of fabric to be folded,
and when desired, as for a heavier class of machines, these standards may
be steadied or attached to each other near the top by a stay or stays, or
the standards might be formed or cast in one with the sole plate. The
main feeding and lower roller C and upper pressing roller C¹ are
mounted to revolve simultaneously in contact so as to catch, press, or
smooth and deliver the fabric as it is folded through between them by
the action of the toothed wheels C fixed on the ends of their spindles c, c',
which revolve in bush bearings a fitted into slots formed in the upper
and central part of the main standards A, the rollers C, C¹, being
somewhat longer than the widest piece of fabric to be folded or crimped
by the machine. The lower roller C is actuated by preference by the
ratchet wheel D, keyed on its spindle c, by the duplex ratchet pall
lever D', D", oscillating loose on the end of the spindle c, worked by the
stud D in a slot in the lower arm of the lever D', directly connected by
the eccentric rod to the eccentric d', fast on the main revolving and
driving shaft E from which the reciprocatory motion of the rollers is
derived. Instead of the arrangements of pall lever D¹, D", D², with
eccentric and rod d¹ and d for giving the intermittent feed to the
rollers C, C, from the fast revolving shaft E any other equivalent
mechanism either actuated by the eccentric or by a cam or crank
such as heretofore used for the intermittent turning of spindles of
the feeding arrangements of many kinds of machines as engineers' tools
and others may be employed. The first motion shaft E of the machine
revolves in bearings formed in brackets A' projecting out from
the side standards A. actuated by preference by a cord passed over the
V-grooved pulley E' from a similar pulley on an adjacent prime moving
shaft for the purpose not shown in the Drawings, the band being made
slack enough to hang loose and not drive the machine except when
tightened by a small rolling pulley on the end of a starting and stopping
lever placed near the machine. Instead of actuating the driving shaft E
by a slack cord and tightening pulley lever it may be worked by a
strap and fast-and-loose pulley passed over a pulley on the shaft of the

page_text: actuating gearing, and it may also be made capable of being driven by
the hand or foot by a handle and crank pin projecting laterally from the
small fly wheel E2 on one end of the shaft by the hand direct or by a
connecting rod and treadle arrangement respectively when desired. The
driving shaft E also gives the reciprocating motion to the folding knife
blade or bar G by the two eccentrics H, or it might be cams instead of
eccentrics, to the extent of double the width of the broadest plait or fold
the machine is desired to fold, by the two free ends of the two con-
necting rods H¹ jointed by the studs H in slots in the two vertical oscil-
lating or rocking frames or levers I, fulcrumed to the studs at I¹ in arms
projecting out in front at the at the lower part of the side frames A. The
folding knife G is jointed by the two end journals G² of its strengthening
back bar G¹ fixed to the back or thick part of the folding knife G, so
that its front edge oscillates vertically on two swivel bearing holes in
the upper ends of the rocking arms I, having the sharp edge of the
knife G resting and sliding on the front surface of the lower feeding
roller C. The folding knife G oscillates in a nearly horizontal or tan-
gential manner to the part of the periphery of the roller C on which it
bears during its reciprocating action with the rocking levers I, which
every backward stroke causes its sharp edge to straighten the cloth Z
upon the front of the roller, and every forward stroke to carry it from
the extreme back point of the knife's traverse close up to the part where
the two rollers C, C', work or bear close on each other, so as to draw in.
the fabric Z, which is fed in between the roller over the front surface of
the lower roller and below the said sliding sharp edge of the folding
knife from the small feeding or supply roller z, on which it is previously
wound, prepared for the purpose, and placed in bearings in the tops of
small brackets projecting up from the table on which the machine is
fixed, the spindle of the roller z having a pace pulley cord and a weight
at y to allow of the fabric being always tight and stretched. The two
light springs G³ rest and slide on the bearing blocks G carried on.
brackets a projecting out in front from the standards A so as to press
the front edge of the knife G down upon the fabric Z so that during its.
back stroke it smooths and straightens the cloth Z and at the turn of.
its back stroke in going forward it catches and slides the fabric before it
so as to double up the part of the fabric in front of the sharp edge of the
knife into a loose bow, and inserts the sharp under fold made by it with.
the bow above it and the unfolded thickness below it tight in below the.

page_text: upper layers of cloth and the upper and lower rollers, the feeding and
pressing rollers being standing still at this time by the last forward part
of the stroke of the knife, which last part of the forward motion or stroke
releases the springs G off their resting blocks G', and so raise the front
part of the knife off the fabric Z, and free it so as to allow it to be caught
and carried forward by the rollers, which press and hold the three ply of
plaited cloth, and carry it forward by the action of the ratchet wheel D
and spring pall lever D', D", and eccentric d¹, which is so set on the
driving shaft E in relation to the eccentrics H as to take effect just at the
time when the folder begins its back stroke, and again stops drawing in
the cloth before the folding knife G begins to take up or form the next
plait. The swivelling journals G2 of the knife bar G' may oscillate in bushes.
sliding in slotted or other guides, and either the bushes or the pivots of
the bar working in them be reciprocated by two connecting rods and
eccentrics direct, or by one when a double or fork ended one is connected
to the knife bar or to the rocking frame I, when such is used, instead
of direct connection to the knife bar. The widths of the plaits are
regulated by the shortening of the back traverse of the knife holder,
which may be done by the shortening of the eccentric rods to some little
extent, which are fitted with right and left handed screw coupling
boxes H", and to a greater extent by shifting the joint pin H2 up or down
in the slots of the radiating arms I, to which the free ends of the
eccentric rods H' are jointed, or by shortening the throw of the crank
pin, when that is used instead of an eccentric or otherwise, a strong
spring or springs may be fitted so as to bring back the knife bar by its
ends or slide bushes, or the rocking frame or levers carrying it re-
spectively whichever is used to the maximum length or width of cloth
required for the broadest plait, equivalent also to the greatest throw of
the eccentrics or cams, which in this case give the positive forward
traverse of the knife to double or fold the cloth up to the feeding rollers
which catch it, the lesser degree of back traverse necessary for the
narrower folds being in this case regulated or given by one or two
thumbscrews or small hand eccentric plates against the sliding bushes or
frame, or the rocking levers carrying the knife somewhat in the same
manner that the smaller length of stitches are given in the sewing
machine from a maximum positive throw of a cam and rod. The length
of the forward feed or reciprocating traverse of the feeding rollers during
the back stroke of the folding knife, and which regulates the distances

page_text: between the plaits, when these are regular may be regulated by a
thumbscrew or other equivalent (as just described for regulating that of
the folding knife), which thumbscrew would regulate the distance that a
strong spring would draw back the pall lever D¹, D", while the fixed
throw of the eccentric or cam would always bring the pall lever and
ratchet wheel with it up to the fixed point or extreme forward throw of
the eccentric or crank, whichever is used, or as shewn in the Drawing;
in this case the pin D in the slot of the pall lever D' may be shifted and
fixed at any desired point or distance from the fulcrum to give the
desired feed motion to the lever I and ratchet wheel D, so as to give a
motion to the surface of the feeding roller during the back stroke of the
folding knife equal to any distance required, less than the greatest throw
possible by the eccentric H and shortest point of the lever, so as to feed
in the fabric to be folded, and also deliver it finished at the back end of
the machine folded and pressed to the desired size of plaits. The roller
spindles are fitted with a spring and screw pressure action a', a², so as to
hold the two rollers tightly together for pressing and glazing the folded
fabric when desired, and also hold them firm and stationary all the time
the ratchet pall is not acting upon the ratchet wheel D. The desired
pressure on the feeding rollers is regulated by the strength of the
Instead of the
spring a and the force applied to the pincing screws.
springs and screws weighted levers when preferred may be applied in a
similar manner above the bushes a of the top rollers, and both rollers
C, C', are in this case polished to give a glossy finish to the plaited
goods as delivered, but in some cases the rollers may have devices formed
upon them so as to emboss a pattern upon the surface of the plaits either
in addition to or without the smooth polish when desired.
desired that the rollers C, C', should glaze the plaited goods as is the case
in this machine it is preferred to heat them in addition to having their
surfaces highly polished, and as shewn in Figure 1 and 3; this is preferred
to be done by encasing the under surface of the lower roller C with a
close chamber J of sheet metal, the top of which is in close rubbing)
contact or nearly so with the surface of the roller C, and is highly
heated by the three gas burners J'enclosed in inverted hollow bell-
shaped cases J, covered with fine wire gauze, and having air holes at
the bottom, which causes a great heating surface flame with little or no
smoke all supplied with common gas by the separate branches from the
common main pipe j', all otherwise in the usual manner of supply.
When it is

page_text: The great heat thus given to the upper part of the chamber J is
directly radiated to the roller C, and from that to a considerable extent
to the upper roller C¹ also which glazes the goods highly on both sides,
and they are therefore delivered in a very good finished state, but when
preferred they can be further treated in hot calendar or glazing rollers,
or be further finished by hand dressing and ironing when desired.
Figure 4 is a diagram edge view of one size of folded or plaited goods
shewn a little open and loose as done with the machine delineated in
Figures 1 to 4 with the folds as being all laid in one direction by the one
folding blade on the roller surface under it. When irregular spaces are
desired between the plaits, a small pattern disc or wheel might be
mounted on the spindle close to the ratchet wheel with notches in its
periphery (like the wheel of a clock which regulates the striking
hammer) which would allow the ratchet pall to fall into the ratchet
teeth in any desired sequence of distances between the plaits, or other-
wise a pattern chain might be made to pass over the small wheel to
produce the same effect when a greater range or power was desired than
the periphery of the pattern wheel could give. Although the first
motion shaft E has been described as a revolving shaft, yet still it will be
evident that a reciprocating shaft could be made to perform all the
reciprocating movements of the folder and feeding wheel in their reverse
sequential order as described, but it would unquestionably be best to give
the shaft a circular motion, or at least to give it its reciprocatory motion
from a revolving prime moving shaft arranged so that its connecting and
actuating mechanism with the shaft E could at once be stopped or set on
when the machine was not working right, or set on when desired.
When it is desired to compress the inner and under edge or fold of the
three ply folds or plaits sharp and "hard" and leave the outer folds soft
and round or elastic and "frill-like" the top feeding roller may be
fluted across at the parts corresponding to those where the folds in the
fabric are not to be pressed, and left plain at those parts of the roller
where the folds are to be compressed; or by another modification
narrow cylindrical pullies may be made fast to the spindles (working in
the bearings a) so as to roll upon each other at any desired distances
apart across the width of the fabric to be fed in, and in this case a
vertically acting narrow pressing bar may be employed brought down
at the proper interval by a lever or levers worked from cams on the
first motion shaft E when the sharp edge of the folder is finishing

page_text: the inner fold which would give it the hard sharp fold, and yet leave the
outer fold or turn of the plait loose, soft, and rounded. The work might
be passed through a series of embossing and mangling or pressing rollers
ranged on spindles one over the other to suit the width and distances of
the plaits or folds, which being all exactly folded would cause the
pattern to "register" regularly along the rows of plaits in the work.
Referring to Figures 5 and 6, a second folding blade g is used beneath
the first one G, mounted in all respects similarly, to oscillate up
and down on the end journals g³ of its strengthening bar g¹ reciprocating
in the upper ends of its rocking levers i, both folding knives G, g, being
connected in this case by their connecting rods H', h', and levers F, f.
and actuated by the cams H, h, all respectively keyed on the first motion
shaft E. The cams in this case are formed of two semicircular or elliptical
grooves (but other equivalent forms of cams may be adopted) in the same
the shaft E and face of their respective discs set or keyed with their axis of
^
radial line across the axis of greatest eccentricity in opposite directions
to each other so that when the cams H draw the knife G in towards its
throw
their
Λ
extreme through towards the roller C, C', the cams / push the knife
out towards the extreme outward throw, both as shewn in these positions
in Figure 5, where they both stand at their extreme positions alternately
after having delivered a fold between the rollers, when during that time
the feeding rollers are turned by ratchet wheel D and spring pall
lever arrangement D', D", and connecting rod d, in this case actuated
by a crank pin on the face of the pinion d¹ revolving loose on a stud in
one of the brackets A¹ carrying the first motion shaft E, which gives
motion to the pinion d' by the wheel d², having twice the number of
teeth contained in the pinion d', into which it gears so as to actuate it at
the rate of two revolutions to one of the shaft E. The crank pin in the
face of the pinion being so set that it feeds the rollers by the rod d and
ratchet lever and wheel arrangement described so as to take up the folded
fabric at every half revolution of the shaft E, while each folder G, g, has
inserted its fold and is standing still for a sufficient time to allow the
rollers to take up the folded part of the fabric while the other folder is
making the back stroke and the greater part of the front stroke to form
the new fold on the standing folder. In this way as the fabric Z is passed
from its supply roller z over a guide roller or bar a so as to pass in
between the two folding blades G, g, to the feeding and pressing rollers

page_text: the sharp edge of the blade G forms the plait or loop in its forward
traverse on the top side, laying backwards upon the inside of the other
blade g as a sliding plate or surface while it is held stationary near the
rollers C, C¹, by the cam h, and the blade g forms the plait in its forward
traverse on the under side upon the inside of the blade G as a sliding
surface or plate while it is similarly held by its cam H, which taking
place alternately and being fed in and pressed or glazed when desired by
the hot feeding rollers C, C¹, delivers the fabric folded and finished in
"box" plaits or folds and in reverse directions on both sides of the fabric,
Figure
Λ
as delineated in edge view in the Diagram 6, as it would be formed to
a large size in the machine shown in Figures 5 and 6. The other parts
of this machine being so much the same as that shown and described
fully in reference to Figures 1 and 4 inclusive I have not considered it
necessary shew the whole of the machine in this case or recapitulate
the action of the minor parts which are essential to the same, as in the
first modifications Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4.
to
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner of performing the same, I would have it understood that I do
not confine or restrict myself to the precise details herein described, as
it will be evident to a practical engineer that the same may be altered in
form and in the modes of construction without departing from the main
or essential features of my said Invention, but what I consider to be
novel and original and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by
the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First. The adaptation and use of a reciprocating folder or knife upon a
roller for the purpose of folding or plaiting fabrics up towards a feeding
roller or rollers in which both the folder and the feeding surfaces are
actuated in sequential time alternately from the same revolving or
oscillating shaft or separate shafts worked from a first common prime
moving revolving shaft, all substantially in the new or improved manner
herein described and shewn in the accompanying Drawings, or any mere
modification thereof.
Second. The adaptation and use of two plain rollers working on each
other in connection with a reciprocating folding knife or knives working
on the surface of one of the rollers for the purpose of folding or plaiting

page_text: fabrics, substantially in the new or improved manner herein described and
shown in the accompanying Drawings, or any mere modification thereof.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Heugh and Walter Dunlop,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twelfth day of
December, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and seventy.
I hereby grant my fiat, giving leave to the above-named John Heugh
and Walter Dunlop to file in the Great Seal Patent Office, with the
Specification to which the same relates, the above-written Disclaimer and
Memorandum of Alteration.

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Orr, of the City of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN DOUBLING, FOLDING, OR PLAITING WOVEN OR OTHER WEB FABRICS,
AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN OR CONNECTED
THEREWITH."
Sealed the 4th February 1868, and dated the 4th November 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Orr at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th November
1867.
I, JAMES ORR, of the City of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DOUBLING, FOLDING, OR PLAITING WOVEN OR OTHER WEB
FABRICS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN OR CONNECTED
THEREWITH," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This said Invention essentially consists in giving an intermittent forward
traverse to the cloth or other textile fabric in the direction the plaits or folds
are to be doubled over each other upon or over the surface of a roller, straight
plate, or table surface, below a thin or fine edged folding knife, blade, or bar,
made to reciprocate in sequential order or equal time with the said intermittent

page_text: forward traverse and in the same direction all right across the whole length
of the plaits or width of the fabric to be folded, that is, at the time each forward
feeding motion of the fabric stops; the edge of the folding knife is then
brought forward in the same direction to the extent of its backward traverse so
as to bring forward a corresponding length of the fabric over the surface of
the roller or plate below the knife, and double up and fold the part in front of
the knife over itself in the form of a loop or bow of two thicknesses, and
crease and wedge the part of the lower thickness of the double cloth above the
knife, and the thickness carried forward below the knife and held by its
edge between the lower feeding roller or table surface, and an upper feeding and
pressing roller or other equivalent surface which then catches hold of it and
carries the three thickness or double folded part forward, at the time the
folding knife is making its backward traverse for a fresh length of fabric to
be clipped or caught, taken up, and folded in like manner.
The following modification of the said Invention is mainly constructed and
applicable for the folding or plaiting of strips or widths of muslins, cottons,
linens, and other soft elastic woven or textile fabrics, which are thickly or
closely folded in parallel plaits for adorning and trimming ladies dresses, but
susceptible of many modifications to suit other classes of finish and plaits.
This modification of the Invention consists of two side standards secured to
a suitable sole plate and steadied or attached to each other near the top by a
stay or stays; a main feeding lower roller and upper pressing roller are mounted
to revolve in contact by toothed wheels on the ends of their spindles, which
revolve in bush bearings within slots formed in the upper and central part of
these main standards, the rollers being somewhat longer than the widest piece of
fabric to be folded or crimped. The lower roller is actuated by preference by a
ratchet wheel keyed on its spindle worked by a ratchet pall lever arrangement
or other equivalent, from a crank, eccentric, or cam fast on the main revolving
and driving spindle or shaft, carried by preference in bearings formed in
brackets projecting out from the side standards and actuated at the back of
the machine by a strap and fast and loose pulley when driven by motive power,
but capable of being driven also by the hand or foot, by a handle and crank
pin projecting laterally from a small fly wheel on one end of the shaft by the
hand direct or by a connecting rod and treddle arrangement respectively when
desired. This driving shaft also gives a reciprocating motion to the feeding
knife, blade, or bar, by one or two eccentrics or cams to the extent of double
the width of the broadest plait, or fold the machine is desired to make by the
two free ends of one double armed connecting rod or two connecting rods
according as one or two eccentrics or cams are employed, jointed near the

page_text: two ends of the bar to which the folding knife is fixed at its back or thick side
or to the frame or levers on which it radiates. The long broad folding knife
oscillates slightly up and down on the end of its bar in the bushes or levers on.
which it either slides or vibrates in guides or slotted slides formed in brackets
projecting out in front of the main standards or oscillates on the top of a
rocking frame, or on levers fulcrumed at their lower ends to the base plate or
side standards by the action of the eccentrics or cams as before stated with
the sharp edge of the knife resting and sliding on the front surface of the
lower feeding roller. The folding knife oscillates in a nearly horizontal or
tangential manner to the part of the periphery of the roller on which it
bears in its reciprocating action, which every backward stroke causes its sharp
edge to straighten the cloth and every forward stroke to carry it close up to
the part where the two rollers work or bear on each other so as to draw in
the fabric which is fed in over the front surface of the lower roller below the
said sliding sharp edge of the folding knife. One or two light springs press
or draw the front edge of the knife down upon the cloth, so that during the
back stroke it straightens the cloth and at the turn of its back stroke in going
forward it catches and slides the fabric before it, and as the feeding and
pressing rollers are standing at this time so as to double up the part in front
into a loose bow and insert the sharp under fold made by the edge of the folding
knife with the bow above it, and the unfolded thickness below it tight in below
the upper layers of cloth and the upper and lower rollers by the last forward
part of the stroke of the knife, which motion brings a spring at the front part
of the knife into action stronger than the springs pressing it down so as to free
the cloth below and allow it to be carried forward as the rollers catch and hold
the three ply of cloth and carry it forward by the action of the ratchet wheel,
pall lever, and crank which is so set on the driving shaft, in relation to the
eccentrics, as to take effect just at this time when the folder begins its back
stroke, and again stops drawing in the cloth before the folding knife begins
to take up or forms the next plait. The widths of the plaits are regulated by
the shortening of the back traverse of the knife folder which may be done by
the shortening of the eccentric rods or by shifting the joint pin on the radiating
arm to which the free ends of the eccentric or cain rods are jointed according
as they are attached to the sliding fulcrums or the radiating arms of the folding
knife, bar, or otherwise; a strong spring or springs may be fitted so as to
bring back the knife bar by its ends or slide bushes, or the radiating frame or
levers carrying it to the maximum length or width of cloth required for the
broadest plait, equivalent also to the greatest throw of the eccentrics or cams,
which in this case give the positive forward traverse of the knife to double or

page_text: fold the cloth up to the feeding rollers which catch it; the lesser degree of
back traverse necessary for the narrower folds being in this case regulated or
given by one or two thumb screws or small hand eccentric plates acting
against the sliding bushes, or frame, or the levers carrying the knife. The
length of the forward feed or recriprocating traverse of the feeding rollers
during the back stroke of the folding knife and which regulates the
distances between the plaits when these are regular; this traverse may be
regulated by a thumbscrew or other equivalent which would alter the throw.
of the crank or the pin on the pall lever, or a shifting bar which would allow
the pall to fall into the teeth of the ratchet wheel at any desired point less
than the extreme throw of the crank which is made to give a motion to the
surface of the feeding roller during the back stroke of the folding knife equal
to the greatest distance desired between the plaits or folds, the roller spindle
or ratchet wheel being fitted with a friction pace or break action so as to hold
it firm and stationary all the time the ratchet pall was not acting upon it.
When irregular spaces are desired between the plaits, a small pattern disc or
wheel might be mounted on the spindle close to the ratchet wheel with notches
in its periphery (like the wheel of a clock which regulates the striking hammer)
which would allow the ratchet pall to fall into the ratchet teeth in any desired
sequence of distances between the plaits or otherwise, a pattern chain might be
made. to pass over the small wheel to produce the same effect when a greater
range or power was desired than the periphery of the pattern wheel could give.
The feeding rollers are pressed together with any desired force regulated by.
pincing screws, springs, or weighted levers as desired acting above the bushes
of the top rollers, which are either polished to give a glossy finish to the
plaited goods as delivered at the back of the rollers; or the rollers may bave
devices formed on them so as to emboss a pattern on the surface of the plaited
fabric when desired. In some cases when it is desired to press and make the
inner and under wedge or fold of the three ply folds or plaits sharp and
compressed, and leave the outer folds round, elastic, or "frill like," the top
feeding roller may be fluted across at the part corresponding to those where
the folds in the fabric are not required to be pressed and left plain at those
parts of the roller where the folds are to be compressed.
By another modification narrow pulleys may be made fast to the spindles
so as to roll upon each other at any desired distances apart across the width
of the fabric to be fed in (instead of the feeding rollers which extend right
across the machine), and in this arrangement a vertically acting narrow
pressing bar may be employed, brought down at the proper interval when the
sharp edge of the folder is finishing the inner fold which would give it the

page_text: hard sharp fold and yet leave the outer fold or turn of the plait loose, soft,
and rounded when desired.
Any of these arrangements or modifications may be fitted with a flat polished
plate or table set tangentially to the upper surface of the lower feeding roller
or pulleys, or the lower surface of the upper ones when these only are used, or
the motion of feeding arms when these are used instead of feeding rollers either
above or below the feeding and folding table. When this table is used the
fabric is fed and drawn in over it and under the folding blade or knife, placed
rather above the table with its front folding edge resting on the cloth and
plate during its reciprocating and folding action; all fitted and actuated
essentially as described in reference to the former modification of folding on
the surface of the feeding roller or pulleys; aud when desired this arrangement
may be fitted to or upon the feeding table or plate of a sewing machine
worked with one or more needles so as to tack or sew the plaits across
by rows of stitching during the intervals of feeding forward the folded fabric,
and the work so plaited is so regular that it might be reversed and passed
through such a sewing machine with several needles which would stitch along
several rows of plaits or fulds at the same time; or the work might be passed
through a series of embossing rollers ranged on spindles one over the other
to suit the width and distances of the plaits or folds, which being all exactly
folded would cause the pattern to register regularly along the rows of plaits
in the work.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Orr in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st May
1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
ORR, of the City of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said James Orr, Her special licence that I, the said James
Orr, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said James Orr, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter

page_text: during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DOUBLING,
FOLDING, OF PLAITING WOVEN OR OTHER WEB FABRICS, AND IN THE MACHINERY
OB APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN OR CONNECTED THEREWITH," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said James Orr, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE; that I, the said James Orr, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
in writing, reference being had to the accompanying. Drawings and to the
letters and numerals marked thereon, that is to say :-
My said Invention essentially consists in giving an intermittent forward
traverse to the cloth or other, textile fabric, in the direction the plaits or folds
are doubled over each other, or from the part where they are folded upon or
over the surface of a roller, straight, plate, or table surface, below or between
it and a thin or fine edged folding knife, blade, or bar, or made to reciprocate
in sequential order or equal time with the said intermittent forward traverse,
and in the same direction right across the length of the plaits or width of
the fabric to be folded, that is, at the time each forward feeding motion of
the fabric stops, the edge of the folding knife is brought forward in the same.
direction to the extent of its backward traverse, so as to bring forward a
corresponding length of the fabric over the surface of the roller or plate
below the knife and double up and fold the part in front of the knife over
itself in the form of a loop or bow of two thicknesses, and crease and wedge
the part of the lower thickness of the doubled cloth above the knife and the
thickness carried forward below the knife and held by its edge between the
lower feeding roller or table surface and an upper feeding and pressing roller
or other equivalent surface, which then catches hold of it and carries the
three thickness or double folded part forward at the time, the folding knife
is making its backward traverse for a fresh length of fabric to be clipped or
caught, taken up, and folded in like manner.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood and
performed or put into practice, I will now proceed to describe the several
illustrative Figures upon the Sheet of explanatory Drawings, which I have

page_text: hereunto appended for the purpose of showing the best modifications and
means which I am at present aware of for carrying out my said Invention or
improvements into practice, the same reference letters and numerals indicating
the same or similar parts in all the Figures.
Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 are respectively a front elevation, plan, transverse
section, and end view of a folding or plaiting machine constructed in accordance
with and illustrative of one modification of my said Invention, mainly con-
structed for and applicable to the folding or plaiting of strips or widths of
muslins, cottons, linens, and other soft elastic woven or textile fabrics, which
are required to be thickly or closely folded in parallel plaits lying in one
direction and much used for the adorning and trimming of ladies' dresses, and
other articles of clothing, but the machine is also susceptible of many simple
modifications to make it suit other classes of finished goods and forms and
varieties of plaits; Figures 5 and 6 are a transverse section and front
elevation of a part of another machine very similar to that shown in Figures 1
to 4, sufficient to show a modification of my said Invention as adapted for
laying the parallel rows of folds in reverse directions and so as to produce
what is termed a "box" plaiting of the fabric by alternately thus reversing
its folds while passing through the machine. Referring to Figures 1 to 4,
this arrangement of mechanism or machine consists of two side standards A
strongly screwed or secured to a suitable sole plate B at a proper distance
apart to suit the width of fabric to be folded, and when desired, as for a
heavier class of machines, these standards may be steadied or attached to each
other near the top by a stay or stays, or the standards might be formed or
cast in one with the sole plate. The main feedin, and lower roller C and
upper pressing roller C are mounted to revolve simultaneously in contact so
as to catch, press, or smooth and deliver the fabric as it is folded through
between them by the action of the toothed wheels C2 fixed on the ends of
their spindles c, c, which revolve in bush bearings a fitted into slots formed in
the upper and central part of the main standards A, the rollers C, C¹, being
somewhat longer than the widest piece of fabric to be folded or crimped by
the machine. The lower roller C is actuated by preference by the ratchet
wheel D keyed on its spindle c by the duplex ratchet pall lever D¹, D",
oscillating loose on the end of the spindle c worked by the stud D2 in a slot
in the lower arm of the lever D¹, directly connected by the eccentric rod to
eccentric d¹, fast on the main revolving and driving shaft E, from which the
reciprocatory motion of the rollers is derived. Instead of the arrangements
of pall lever D¹, D", D2, with eccentric and rod d and d for giving the
intermittent feed to the rollers C, C¹, from the fast revolving shaft E, any

page_text: other equivalent mechanism, either actuated by the eccentric or by a cam or
crank such as heretofore used for the intermittent turning of spindles of the
feeding arrangements of many kinds of machines, as engineers' tools and
others may be employed. The first motion shaft E of the machine revolves
in bearings formed in brackets A¹ projecting out from the side standards A,
actuated by preference by a cord passed over the V grooved pulley E¹ from
a similar pulley on an adjacent prime moving shaft for the purpose, not
shown in the Drawings, the band being made slack enough to hang loose
and not drive the machine except when tightened by a small rolling pulley
on the end of a starting and stopping lever placed near the machine. Instead
of actuating the driving shaft E by a slack cord and tightening pulley lever, it
may be worked by a strap and fast and loose pulley passed over a pulley on the
shaft of the actuating gearing, and it may also be made capable of being driven
by the hand or foot by a handle and crank pin, projecting laterally from the
small fly wheel E2 on one end of the shaft, by the hand direct or by a
connecting rod and treadle arrangement respectively when desired. The
driving shaft E also gives the reciprocating motion to the folding knife blade
or bar G by the two eccentrics H, or it might be cams instead of eccentrics to
the extent of double the width of the broadest plait or fold the machine is
desired to fold by the two free ends of the two connecting rods H¹ jointed by
the studs H in slots in the two vertical oscillating or rocking frames or
levers I fulcrumed to the studs at I' in arms projecting out in front at the
lower part of the side frames A. The folding knife G is jointed by the two
end journals G² of its strengthening back bar G¹ fixed to the back or thick
part of the holding knife G so that its front edge oscillates vertically on two
swivel bearing holes in the upper ends of the rocking arms I having the
sharp edge of the knife G resting and sliding on the front surface of the
lower feeding roller C. The folding knife G oscillates in a nearly horizontal
or tangential manner to the part of the periphery of the roller C, on which
it bears during its reciprocating action with the rocking levers 1, which every
backward stroke causes its sharp edge to straighten the cloth Z upon the
front of the roller; and every forward stroke to carry it from the extreme
back point of the knife's traverse close up to the part where the two
rollers C, C', work or bear close on each other so as to draw in the fabric Z,
which is fed in between the roller over the front surface of the lower roller,
and below the said sliding sharp edge of the folding knife, from the small
feeding or supply roller z on which it is previously wound prepared for the
purpose, and placed in bearings in the tops of small brackets projecting up
from the table on which the machine is fixed, the spindle of the roller z having

page_text: a pace pulley cord and a weight at y to allow of the fabric being always
tight and stretched. The two light springs G³ rest and slide on the bearing
blocks G, carried on brackets a projecting out in front from the standards A
so as to press the front edge of the knife G down upon. the fabric Z, so that
during its back stroke it smooths and straightens the cloth Z, and at the turn
of its back stroke in going forward it catches and slides the fabric before it,
so as to double up the part of the fabric in front of the sharp edge of the
knife into a loose bow, and inserts the sharp underfold made by it, with the
bow above it and the unfolded thickness below it, tight in below the upper
layers of cloth and the upper and lower rollers, the feeding and pressing
rollers being standing still at this time; by the last forward part of the stroke
of the knife, which last part of the forward motion or stroke releases the
springs G³ off their resting blocks G, and so raise the front part of the knife
off the fabric Z, and free it so as to allow it to be caught and carried
forward by the rollers which press and hold the three ply of plaited cloth, and
carry it forward by the action of the ratchet wheel D and spring pall
lever D¹, D", and eccentric d¹ which is so set on the driving shaft E in
relation to the eccentrics H so as to take effect just at the time when the folder
begins its back stroke, and again stops drawing in the cloth before the folding
knife G begins to take up or form the next plait. The swivelling journals G³
of the knife bar G¹ may oscillate in bushes sliding in slotted or other guides,
and either the bushes or the pivots of the bar working in them be recipro-
cated by two connecting rods and eccentrics direct, or by one when a double
or fork-ended one is connected to the knife bar or to the rocking frame I
when such is used, instead of direct connection to the knife bar. The
widths of the plaits are regulated by the shortening of the back traverse of
the knife folder, which may be done by the shortening of the eccentric rods to
some little extent, which are fitted with right and left handed screw coupling
boxes H, and to a greater extent by shifting the joint pin H2 up or down
in the slots of the radiating arms I to which the free ends of the eccentric-
rods Hare jointed, or by shortening the throw of the crank pin when that
is used instead of an eccentric; or otherwise a strong spring or springs may
be fitted so as to bring back the knife bar by its ends or slide bushes, or the
rocking frame or levers carrying it respectively, whichever is used, to the
maximum length or width of cloth required for the broadest plait, equivalent
also to the greatest throw of the eccentrics or cams, which in this case give
the positive forward traverse of the knife to double or fold the cloth up to the
feeding rollers which catch it; the lesser degree of back traverse necessary
for the narrower folds being in this case regulated or given by one or two.

page_text: thumb screws or small hand eccentric plates against the sliding bushes or
frame, or the rocking levers carrying the knife, somewhat in the same manner
that the smaller length of stitches are given in the sewing machine from a
maximum positive throw of a cam and rod. The length of the forward feed
or reciprocating traverse of the feeding rollers during the back stroke of the
folding knife, and which regulates the distances between the plaits when these
are regular, may be regulated by a thumb screw or other equivalent (as just
described for regulating that of the folding knife), which thumbscrew would
regulate the distance that a strong spring would draw back the pall lever
D', D", while the fixed throw of the eccentric or cam would always bring the
pall lever and ratchet wheel with it up to the fixed point or extreme forward
throw of the eccentric or crank, whichever is used; or, as shown in the
Drawing, in this case the pin D in the slot of the pall lever D¹ may be
shifted, and fixed at any desired point or distance from the fulcrum to give
the desired feed motion to the lever I¹ and ratchet wheel D so as to give a
motion to the surface of the feeding roller during the back stroke of the folding
knife equal to any distance required, less than the greatest throw possible by
the eccentric H and shortest point of the lever so as to feed in the fabric to
be folded, and also deliver it finished at the back end of the machine folded
and pressed to the desired size of plaits. The roller spindles are fitted with
a spring and screw pressure action a¹, a³, so as to hold the two rollers tightly
together for pressing and glazing the folded fabric when desired, and also hold
them firm and stationary all the time the ratchet pall is not acting upon the
ratchet wheel D. The desired pressure on the feeding rollers is regulated by
the strength of the spring a¹ and the force applied to the pincing serews.
Instead of the springs and screws weighted levers when preferred may be
applied in a similar manner above the bushes a of the top rollers; and both
rollers C, C³, are in this case polished to give a glossy finish to the plaited
goods as delivered; but in some cases the rollers may have devices formed
upon them so as to emboss a pattern upon the surface of the plaits, either in
addition to or without the smooth polish when desired. When it is desired
that the rollers C, C¹, should glaze the plaited goods, as is the case in this
machine, it is preferred to heat them in addition to having their surfaces
highly polished, and, as shown in Figure 1 and 3; this is preferred to be
done by encasing the under surface of the lower roller C with a close
chamber J of sheet metal, the top of which is in close rubbing contact, or
nearly so, with the surface of the roller C, and is highly heated. by the three
gas burners J¹. enclosed in inverted hollow bell-shaped cases J2 covered
with fine wire gauze and having air holes at the bottom, which causes a

page_text: great heating surface flame with little or no smoke, all supplied with common
gas by the separate branches ; from the common main pipe j', all otherwise
in the usual manner of supply. The great heat thus given to the upper
part of the vessel J is directly radiated to the roller C, and from that to a
considerable extent to the upper roller C¹ also, which glazes the goods highly
on both sides, and they are therefore delivered in a very good finished
state; but, when preferred, they can be further treated in hot calendar or
glazing rollers, or be further finished by hand dressing and ironing when
desired.
Figure 4 is a diagram edge view of one size of folded or plaited goods,
shown a little open and loose, as done with the machine delineated in Figures
1 to 4, with the folds as being all laid in one direction by the one folding.
blade on the roller surface under it. When irregular spaces are desired
between the plaits, a small pattern disc or wheel might be mounted on the
spindle close to the ratchet wheel, with notches in its periphery (like the
wheel of a clock which regulates the striking hammer), which would allow.
the ratchet pall to fall into the ratchet teeth in any desired sequence of
distances between the plaits; or otherwise, a pattern chain might be made to
pass over the small wheel to produce the same effect when a greater range
or power was desired than the periphery of the pattern wheel could give.
Although the first motion shaft E has been described as a revolving shaft, yet.
still it will be evident that a reciprocating shaft could be made to perform all
the reciprocating movements of the folder and feeding wheel in their reverse
sequential order, as described; but it would unquestionably be best to give
the shaft a circular motion, or at least to give it its reciprocatory motion from
a revolving prime moving shaft, arranged so that its connecting and actuating
mechanism with the shaft E could. at once be stopped or set on when the machine
was not working right, or set on when desired. When it is desired to compress
the inner and under edge or fold of the three ply folds or plaits sharp and
"hard," and leave the outer folds soft and round, or elastic and "frill-like,"
the top feeding roller may be fluted across at the parts corresponding to those
where the folds, in the fabric are not to be pressed, and left plain at those
parts of the roller where the folds are to be compressed; or, by another
modification, narrow cylindrical pulleys may be made fast to the spindles.
(working in the bearings a), so as to roll upon each other at any desired
distances apart across the width of the fabric to be fed in; and, in this case, a
vertically acting narrow pressing bar may be employed, brought down at the
proper interval by a lever or levers worked from cams on the first motion.
shaft E, when the sharp edge of the folder is finishing the inner fold, which

page_text: would give it the hard sharp fold, and yet leave the outer fold or turn of the
plait loose, soft, and rounded. Any of these arrangements or modifications of
folding, feeding, and pressing the folded fabric, may be fitted with a flat
polished plate or table set by preference nearly tangentially to the feeding
surfaces of the feeding and pressing rollers, or to the periphery of one of these
rollers, when only one is used, or tangential to the motion of radial or oscil-
latory feeding arms when these are used instead of feeding rollers, either
above or below a feeding and folding table or smooth plate. When such a
table or plate is used the fabric is fed and drawn in over it and under the
folding blade or knife, placed rather above the table, with its front folding
edge resting on the cloth and plate during its reciprocatory and folding action,
all fitted and actuated essentially as described in reference to the foregoing
modification of folding on the surface of the feeding roller or pulleys Figures 1
to 4; and, when desired, this arrangement of folding on a flat plate fed by
moving arms, or a disc on a spindle may be fitted to or upon the feeding
table or plate of a sewing machine worked with one, two, or more needles, so
as to tack or sew the plaits across by rows of stitching during the intervals of
feeding forward the folded fabric; and the work so plaited is so regular, that
for some classes of work it might be reversed and passed through such a
sewing machine with several needles which would stitch along several rows
of plaits or folds at the same time; or the work might be passed through a
series of embossing and mangling or pressing rollers, ranged on spindles one
over the other to suit the width and distances of the plaits or folds, which
being all exactly folded, would cause the pattern to " register" regularly
along the rows of plaits in the work.
Referring to Figures 5 and 6, a second folding blade 9 is used beneath the
first one G, mounted in all respects similarly, to oscillate up and down on the
end journals g² of its strengthening bar g¹, reciprocating in the upper ends of
its rocking levers i; both holding knives G, g, being connected in this case by
their connecting rods H³, h¹, and levers F, f, and actuated by the cams H, h,
all respectively keyed on the first motion shaft E. The cams in this case are
formed of two semicircular or elliptical grooves (but other equivalent forms of
cams may be adopted) in the same radial line across the axis of the shaft E
and face of their respective discs, set or keyed with their axis of greatest
eccentricity in opposite directions to each other, so that when the cams H
draw the knife G in towards its extreme throw towards the rollers C, C¹, the
cams h push the knife out towards the extreme outward throw, both as shown
in these positions in Figure 5, where they both stand at their extreme positions
alternately after having delivered a fold between the rollers, when during that

page_text: time the feeding rollers are turned by their ratchet wheel D, and spring pall
lever arrangement D', D", and connecting rod d, in this case actuated by a
crank pin on the face of the pinion d' revolving loose on a stud in one of the
brackets A¹ carrying the first motion shaft E, which gives motion to the
pinion d' by the wheel d², having twice the number of teeth contained in
the pinion d', into which it gears, so as to actuate it at the rate of two
revolutions to one of the shaft E. The crank pin in the face of the pinion
being so set that it feeds the rollers by the rod d and ratchet lever and wheel
arrangement described, so as to take up the folded fabric at every half
revolution of the shaft E, while each folder G, g, has inserted its fold and is
standing still for a sufficient time to allow the rollers to take up the folded
part of the fabric, while the other folder is making the back stroke and the
greater part of the front stroke to form the new fold on the standing folder.
In this way as the fabric Z is passed from its supply roller z over a guide
roller. or bar x, so as to pass in between the two folding blades G, g, to the
feeding and pressing rollers, the sharp edge of the blade G forms the plait or
loop in its forward traverse on the top side laying backwards upon the inside
of the other blade g as a sliding plate or surface, while it is held stationary
near the rollers C, C', by 'the cam h, and the blade g forms the plait in its
forward traverse on the under side, upon the inside of the blade G as a sliding
surface or plate, while it is similarly held by its cam H, which taking place
alternately and being fed in and pressed or glazed when desired by the hot
feeding rollers C, C³, delivers the fabric folded and finished in "box" plaits or
folds and in reverse directions on both sides of the fabric as delineated in edge
view in the diagram Figure 6ª, as it would be formed to a large size in the
machine shown in Figures 5 and 6. The other parts of this machine being
so much the same as that shown and described fully in reference to Figures 1
and 4 inclusive I have not considered it necessary to show the whole of the
machine in this case or recapitulate the action of the minor parts which are
essential to the same as in the first modifications Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I do not confine
or restrict myself to the precise details herein described, as it will be evident
to a practical engineer that the same may be altered in form and in the modes
of construction without departing from the main or essential features of my
said Invention, but what I consider to be novel and original and therefore
claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent is,-
First, the general arrangement and construction of mechanism and the parts

page_text: thereof for the purpose of folding or plaiting and treating fabrics and their
use, all substantially in the new or improved manner herein described and
shown in the accompanying Drawings or any mere modifications thereof.
Second, the adaptation and use of a reciprocating folder or knife upon a
roller or an equivalent surface for the purpose of folding or plaiting fabrics up
towards a feeding roller or rollers or equivalent removing surface or surfaces,
in which both the folder and the feeding surfaces are actuated in sequential
time alternately from the same revolving or oscillating shaft or separate shafts,
worked from a first common prime moving revolving shaft, all substantially in
the new or improved manner herein described and shown in the accompanying
Drawings or any mere modification thereof.
Third, the adaptation and use of two plain rollers working on each other in
connection with a reciprocating folding knife or knives working on the surface
of one of the rollers or on an adjacent equivalent surface for the purpose of
folding or plaiting fabrics, substantially in the new or improved manner herein
described and shown in the accompanying Drawings or any mere modifications
thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Orr, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Thirtieth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
Witness,
W. FREDERIC ROGERS,
19, Salisbury Street,
Strand.
JAMES ORR. (L.S.)