matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR STEERING SHIPS AND OTHER FLOATING BODIES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Herbert Fitzwilliam
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 21st December 1863.
I, FREDERICK HERBERT FITZWILLIAM, of Dorset Gardens, Brighton, in the
County of Sussex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR STEERING SHIPS AND OTHER FLOATING BODIES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention is designed to give increased steering power to ships by
adapting to the bow or stern, or both, one or more screws working at right
angles to the keel of the ship, the said screw or screws being driven by any
suitable prime mover. The following are examples of some of the means by
which this Invention may be effected:-By adapting two screws, one at the
bow and one at the stern of the ship, and working the same in conjunction, the
ship could be moved sideways or in a direction parallel to the keel; or by
working one screw backwards and the other forwards the ship could be readily
turned round in a very short time. By adapting one screw only, placed at
right angles to the keel of the ship, the vessel could be readily steered, that is
to say, according to the direction in which the said screws were worked the
stern or bow of the ship could be moved either to "starboard" or "port," the
power of steering being in proportion to the speed of the screw and the pitch
of the same, and thus the use of the ordinary rudder could be entirely dis-.
pensed with.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN YARN STRINGS FOR TYING UP FIRE-WOOD
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Humphreys at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st November
1863.
I, THOMAS HUMPHREYS, of Deptford, in the County of Kent, Fire-wood
5 Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN YARN STRINGS FOR TYING UP FIRE-WOOD," to be as follows:-
Hitherto the yarns used for tying up fire-wood have been made up in chains
or skeins, and then dipped in tar or some composition. Now my improve-
ment consists in the employment of yarns (which may also be made up into
chains or skeins) without saturating them with tar, or dipping them into any
preservative coating whatever, whereby I am enabled to supply yarn equally
strong and enduring, and at a much reduced cost as that dipped, and at the
same time better adapted for tying up fire-wood.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GRANULATING AND DRYING GUNPOWDER, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREFOR
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Brown Jordan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 10th
September 18683.
I, THOMAS BROWN JORDAN, of Milton Cottage, South Lambeth, in the
County of Surrey, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GRANULATING AND DRYING GUNPOWDER,
AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREFOR," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in a means of forming gunpowder into grains when
it is in a state of paste, of drying it rapidly, and of keeping it in a granular
condition during the process of drying. I press the plastic powder through
perforated plates of metal by a small pug mill, consisting of a cylindrical vessel
containing a central revolving shaft fitted with knives, which project from it
and are so inclined as to press the composition downwards and force it through
the perforated plate which forms. the bottom of the containing vessel, the
threads of paste so formed are simultaneously cut off by revolving or traversing
cutters, and thus reduced to grains of the required size; or I form the apparatus
as a cylindrical press composed of an internal and external revolving cylinder,
corrugated or smooth according to the granulation required, and the external
one perforated for the passage of the paste under the pressure of the inner
cylinder, which is much smaller than the outer perforated one. A sharp thin
edge of metal is fixed outside the graining cylinder for the purpose of cutting
off the strings of paste as soon as they attain sufficient size.
The above apparatus is kept at a temperature found best for working the
particular material in hand by steam jackets, or by working it in close chambers,

page_text: the temperature of which can be nicely adjusted. For the purpose of keeping
the grains from agglomerating immediately after leaving the graining press,
and for effecting a rapid and complete desiccation of the material, they are
allowed to fall into a hopper through the lower part of which, in a horizontal
direction, there is a strong current of warm dry air passing, which carries them
forward into a revolving tube fitted with helical veins and stop plates in its
interior so arranged as to keep the grains in constant agitation falling through
the diameter of the tube while being acted on by the passing current of
warm air.
For some kinds of granulation I find it preferable to use a modification of
this system of drying, in which the grains are first received on an endless band
travelling at such a rate as to ensure their uniform distribution without contact
with each other; this band carrying them over and into the mouth of a vertical
or inclined chamber, through which a warm current of air is passing at a rate
which just allows them to fall through it. This chamber may be fitted with
detaining stop plates to regulate the rate of passage through it.
Gun Barrel Manufacturer.
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexis Heintzmann and Theodore
Anthony Rochussen at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 6th February 1863.-A communication
from abroad by Charles Berger, of Witten, in the Kingdom of Prussia,
Gun Barrel Manufacturer.
We, ALEXIS HEINTZMANN and THEODORE ANTHONY ROCHUSSEN, both of
Number 9, Friday Street, Cheapside, in the City of London, Merchants, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED BORING
BENCH FOR GUN BARRELS," for which a communication has been received by us
from abroad from Charles Berger, of Witten, in the Kingdom of Prussia, Gun
Barrel Manufacturer, to be as follows:-
1stly, the gun barrel is made to revolve horizontally on its axis.
2ndly, the boring bit does not revolve, but by means of a spiral screw is
made to advance into the barrel.
3rdly, by means of drums or wheels of different diameter the revolving
motion of the barrel and the forward movement of the boring bit can be
regulated at will.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORDNANCE
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Nelson Hutchinson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
October 1863.
I, WILLIAM NELSON HUTCHINSON, of Plymouth, in the County of Devon,
Major General in Her Majesty's Army, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORDNANCE," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing ordnance of several concentric steel or
other metal tubes with a space of say a quarter of an inch, more or less,
between every two tubes, into each of which spaces I admit water or other
liquid under pressure or not through a pipe or aperture at the rear or other
convenient part of the gun. I prefer that the pressures of the several bodies of
liquid should be gradually greater as they are further from the innermost tube
or bore of the gun. The outermost tube must be strong enough to resist the
pressure of the body of liquid between it and the next outermost tube, and may
if desired be wrapped with wire hooped or otherwise strengthened. A strong
thick tube forms the touch-hole and one or more strong pins at the rear or
other convenient part retain the tubes in their proper positions. The concen-
tric tubes may extend the whole or only part of the length of the gun.
My Invention also consists in receiving the recoil of ordnance on powerful
galvanized india-rubber bands extending from the port hole or embrasure to
pulleys on the carriage, and which would allow the gun to recoil to the extremity
of its slide. Other similar bands attached to the after end of the slide receive
the rebound forward. One end of these bands catches by means of a hook into a

page_text: notch in the bottom of the carriage at the instant the gun has recoiled its
furthest the gun will run once or twice forward and backward on its slide
before becoming stationary. If the rear bands are then unloosed the strain on
the front bands will help to run the gun forward.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MULES FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Emmott at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd March
1863.
I, THOMAS EMMOTT, of Vale Mills, Oldham, in the County of Lancaster,
Cotton Spinner and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MULES FOR SPINNING AND
DOUBLING," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to prevent "snarls," and it consists in
certain improved combinations of machinery for governing the rise of the
counterfaller, and for putting the strap on to the driving pulley at the com-
mencement of a fresh stretch.
In performing my Invention the counterfaller is connected to the strap
guide of the driving pulley by means of a sliding bar, or a pulley with a chain
and weight or spring, for the purpose of bringing the driving strap at the
proper moment on to the driving pulley, thus preventing the yarn from
becoming slack, and consequently preventing "snarls," which are produced
when the yarn is allowed to become slack when the carriage is near the
drawing rollers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Sanderson Morton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
April 1863.
I, JOHN SANDERSON MORTON, of Northampton, in the County of North-
ampton, Cabinet Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing safety locks in manner hereafter
stated. In my locks the key does not act directly upon the bolt but upon a
plate which thei key causes to revolve. This plate is fitted inside the keyhole,
and is kept in position to receive the key by means of a projection formed
The projection is
with a recess in which a pin on the revolving plate rests.
formed on a curved bar one end of which is free to move on a pin or stud
while the curved end rests on a segmental recess formed in one arm of a bell-
crank lever, the other arm of this lever is bent, and the end abuts against
a tappet fixed on a rod held in the sides of the lock plate. This rod carries
another tappet at right angles or nearly so to that first named and is pressed
against by a spring which rests upon the lock plate. The revolving plate
carries a projecting arm, and on the key being turned it carries the plate with
it, and the arm entering a notch in the bolt and the motion of the key being
continued shoots the bolt, the key in carrying the plate round comes in contact
with the segmental recess in the bell-crank lever, forces it back, and causes
the tail to press upon one of the tappets on the rod before named; the pressing
in of this tappet depresses the other tappet and forces down the spring, and

page_text: this tappet pressing at the same time upon one arm of a lever raises the
opposite arm, which is hooked free from a locking lever, and the motion of the
key being continued brings the arm on the circular plate into a notch on the
tail of the locking lever, whereby the face of this lever formed with a crutch is
forced behind and into a recess made in the bolt, and holds it secure until the
motion of the key in the reverse direction acting through the arm on the
revolving plate, the bell-crank lever, the tappet rod, and hooked lever releases
the locking lever, whereupon the hooked lever engages into the locking lever
releases the crutch from the bolt and allows of the bolt being drawn back by
the arm on the revolving plate entering the notch in the bolt. The working
parts of the lock are at such a distance from the keyhole that they are in-
accessible or nearly so to any instrument for picking the lock.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF POTASH ALUM AND OTHER SALTS OF POTASH
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Spence at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th February
1863.
I, PETER SPENCE, of Newton Heath, Manchester, in the County of Lan-
caster, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF POTASH ALUM AND
OTHER SALTS OF POTASH," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in manufacturing potash alum and other salts of
potash from those substances which are known as shales of the coal-measures.
The following are the methods by which I propose at present to carry out my
Invention in manufacturing potash alum, chloride of potassium, and sulphate
of potash-In producing potash alum I take such shale as aforesaid, and
calcine it, as is now practised in the manufacture of ammonia alum from
shales by the process described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted
to me November 27th, 1845, No. 10,970, and I digest it in dilute sulphuric
acid. This digestion I continue with heat until the greater part of the potash
and sufficient alumina is taken up, when the solution may be evaporated if
desired. To manufacture chloride of potassium or sulphate of potash, I
calcine the shale and cover it with hydrochloric or sulphuric acid, and allow it
to remain thereon with heat if found desirable. The solution is then boiled
down to dryness and the residue exposed to heat, after which the potash salts
are washed out and may be crystallized.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING CARRIAGES ON RAILWAYS, TRAMWAYS, OR ON COMMON ROADS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Rolfe at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 13th April 1868.
I, ALFRED ROLFE, of Amwell Street, Pentonville, in the County of Middlesex,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING CARRIAGES ON RAILWAYS, TRAMWAYS, OR
ON COMMON ROADS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in means or apparatus for
propelling or drawing carriages on railways, tramways, or ordinary roads,
whereby the inconvenience of steam and the products of combustion of fuel
may be avoided, especially when working or propelling in tunnels or under-
ground railways, and for the purpose of carrying out my Invention I arrange
on a carriage, suitably constructed for the purpose, a wheel or wheels of proper
size, which are mounted on frictionless bearings, and are actuated (by
preference) by men working the handles or cranks attached to these wheels,
though steam or air engines or other means may be employed for this purpose.
These fly wheels are connected by means of endless bands or staps with a
series of one or more wheels suitably mounted on the framing carrying the
Ay wheel or wheels, and are finally connected (by means of fast-and-loose
pullies on the axle) with the wheels running on the road, and to which the
power is thereby imparted. In working the apparatus, when the time arrives
for stopping the train or carriages the strap connected with the driving wheel
is shifted on to a loose pulley from the pulley which actuates these wheels,

page_text: and when there, instead of the men or other power working the levers stopping
the fly wheel, they continue it at work, and the power so obtained is accumu-
lated by the fly wheel until required when starting the train, when on the strap
being shifted to the fast pulley the carriage will be at once propelled forwards.
When required to stop the carriage, brakes are applied in the ordinary manner,
or they may be so adapted as to cause the power wasted in the act of
"braking" to be transmitted by suitable gearing to the fly wheel or wheels.
When required to reverse the carriage, the fly wheel may be stopped and
the fly wheels reversed by working them backwards, or the wheels may be
continued in the same direction and the motion may be reversed by having
crossed straps working on fast-and-loose pulleys, so that the pulleys work
different ways on the straps being shifted, as is well understood.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS OR TAPS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Obed Wakefield at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th July
. 1863.
I, OBED WAKEFIELD, of No. 10, Union Place, Lambeth Road, Lambeth, in
the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS OR TAPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in cocks or taps. For these
purposes the bodies or barrels of cocks or taps may be of any of the ordinary
constructions, the Invention relating to the manner in which the valves are
moved from and to their seats. In constructing a cock or tap according to
this Invention, it is preferred to use two separate male screws acting with two
female screws or nuts in the following manner :-On the spindle or stem of the
valve of a cock or tap a male screw is cut or formed, having a more or less
quick incline, depending on the use to which the cock or tap is intended to be
applied. This screw is received into a corresponding female screw or nut in
the end or suitable part of the handle or instrument used for moving the valve
from and to its seat. On the outside of this end or part of the handle or
instrument a male screw is formed and by preference the incline of such screw
is less than that on the stem or spindle of the valve. In some cases, in place of
having the two male screws separate, as above explained, the two male screws
may be both on the same axis or spindle, in which case one of such screws
will work in a female screw or nut formed on the valve, whilst the other male
screw will act in a fixed or stationary female screw or nut. I would remark

page_text: that it is not essential that the inclines or threads on the spindles or stems of
the valves and in the nuts should be complete and pass all round, as in some
cases parts of threads or inclines may be employed in like manner to complete
screws, and in some cases the positions of the nuts or female screws and of the
male screws may be reversed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SYPHONS APPLIED TO DRAINING, IRRIGATION, AND OTHER PURPOSES, WHEREBY THEY SELF-SUSPEND AND RESUME ACTION ACCORDING TO REQUIREMENTS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th January
1863. A communication from abroad by François Triballat, of 29,
Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, Merchant.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SYPHONS APPLIED TO DRAINING, IRRIGATION, AND
OTHER PURPOSES, WHEREBY THEY SELF-SUSPEND AND RESUME ACTION ACCORDING TO
REQUIREMENTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved syphon, applicable for exhausting
water from mines, marsh lands, for the purposes of irrigation and otherwise.
The improvement consists in the application of a float which closes the cock
for passing water when there is no longer any to remove, at same time said
cock again opens on a return of water in the place to be exhausted; when
once in position the syphon works automatically.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE PRISMS, LENSES, AND GLASSES OF STEREOSCOPES, AND IN ORNAMENTING GLASS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Victor Julien Cassaignes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
October 1863.
I, VICTOR JULIEN CASSAIGNES, of 35, Rue de Rivoli, Paris, in the Empire
of France, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE PRISMS, LENSES, AND GLASSES OF STEREOSCOPES, AND
IN ORNAMENTING GLASS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of the
prisms, lenses, and glasses of stereoscopes, and in ornamenting glass. In the
Specification of a Patent for improvements in stereoscopes granted to me, and
dated the 13th of May in this year (No. 1204), there is described a method
of giving to pictures seen through a stereoscope the appearance of being
colored with a pleasing variety of tints; this is done by employing prisms,
lenses, or glasses tinted with two or more colors graduated or shaded off the
one into the other; or one color only may be employed shaded off gradually
to the clear glass.
Now according to my present Invention 1 produce such tinted prisms and
lenses by taking a plano-convex prism or lens and applying to its flat surface,
by a brush or otherwise, transparent cement of different colors, and these
cement colors I lay on in such a manner as to produce the graduation of tints
which I require, say, blue at the upper part of the prism or lens and yellow
at the bottom, shading off the one into the other, or other colors may be
employed, according to the effects the prisms or lenses are required to give.
The cement colors being thus laid on I place a flat glass over them, and this

page_text: by the cement becomes attached to the prism or lens and serves to protect
the painted surface from injury. Or the prisms or lenses may be made each
in two or more parts, as in forming an achromatic combination, and in place
of cementing the parts together with colorless cement, as now practiced, one
part is tinted with graduated colors, as above described, and the other part is
then attached to the first by the cement so applied. Flat plates of tinted
glass and glasses of other forms I make for use in stereoscopes in a similar
manner.
In some cases I obtain the graduation of tint by varying the thickness of
the layer of cement, thus, if two surfaces are put together with a colored
cement between them, and the surfaces be pressed together more nearly into
contact on one side than on the other, a regular gradation of color will be
obtained, the color increasing in intensity with the thickness of the layer of
cement.
In ornamenting glass for use in windows and for other purposes I paint on
to the glass the ornament required in transparent cement colors, and by the
cement so applied I fix to the first a second sheet of plain glass, which
covers and protects the painting on the first sheet. Resinous cements I find
very suitable to be employed for the purposes of my Invention.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MECHANISM OR APPARATUS FOR REDUCING OR PULVERIZING ORES AND OTHER SUBSTANCES REQUIRED TO BE REDUCED OR PULVERIZED
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Pengilly at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th November
1863.
I, CHARLES PENGILLY, of Bodmin, in the County of Cornwall, Mining
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MECHANISM OR APPARATUS FOR REDUCING OR PULVERIZING ORES AND
OTHER SUBSTANCES REQUIRED TO BE REDUCED OR PULVERIZED," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in having a system of conical, tapering, or partly
conical or partly tapering, crushing rollers, the largest diameter of these
rollers to be at the bottom or exit end, in order that the open spaces between
the rollers may be larger at the top or entrance place where the stuff to be
crushed is first introduced (of large unreduced size), and may gradually
decrease in size till at the bottom or exit; the rollers may be so close together
that nothing but very fine particles can pass through, although the extent to
which the opening shall be contracted must depend of course upon the fineness
of the pulverizing required. The pulverized material will pass through at the
bottom or exit place; and can be from time to time removed therefrom. The
rollers are intended to be corrugated in slanting lines or otherwise, and the
slant of the corrugations of one roller should cross those of the rollers working
against it, as thus X, whereby greater reducing power will be obtained; but
near the bottom the rollers should, in many cases, be perfectly plain and free
from corrugations.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HYDRATE OF BARYTES AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Karl Ludwig Heusner, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th May 1863.
I, KARL LUDWIG HEUSNER, of East Greenwich, in the County of Kent,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF HYDRATE OF BARYTES AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR," to
be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
hydrate of barytes and in the manufacture of sugar. In order to manufacture
hydrate of barytes suitable for being used in the manufacture of sugar, as
hereafter described, carbonate of barytes is decomposed by subjecting it,
mixed with coal or charcoal and a small quantity of a suitable flux (for which
it is preferred to uso an alkali or alkaline earth), in an air or reverberatory
furnace commencing with about 800° of Fahrenheit and raising the tempera-
ture up to a white heat. The charge is then to be drawn into a suitable
receiver and allowed to cool in the open air. When cool, the charge is
turned out of the vessel and water is to be gradually applied so as to slake
the product, taking care not to apply too much water, till the whole of the
charge is slaked, when the charge is to be dissolved in water, and the solution,
after being allowed to settle for a time, is fit to be employed in the manufac-
ture of sugar, as hereafter described. If it be required that the bydrate of
barytes, manufactured as above explained, should be transported to a distance
before being used, then the solution is to be evaporated to dryness, and when

page_text: about to be used it is again to be dissolved. In order to obtain sugar from
molasses, treacle, and other saccharine fluids, a solution of bydrate of barytes
is mixed therewith, whereby a precipitate is obtained, which precipitate is
to be mixed with water, to which carbonic acid is to be applied in order to
convert the barytes into a carbonate, which will precipitate and leave a syrup 5
suitable to be treated in the ordinary manner to obtain crystals of sugar
therefrom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVE TAPS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Radcliffe at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th February
1863.
I, DAVID RADCLIFFE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Plumber,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
VALVE TAPS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to that class of taps which have the valves closing
with the stream or current of the water or other fluid they are intended to
control, and although taps constructed according to my said Invention are
specially suitable as ball taps, bib or careless taps, and lever-handle taps,
they may be variously used or employed.
The body of the tap, which may be of any desired form, has a seating therein
for an ordinary or other valve, the spindle of which is carried through or
elongated from both sides of the same. To the end of the spindle, at the
back of the valve, there is secured by screw nuts or otherwise a diaphragm
made of a sheet of india-rubber or other flexible material, the circumference
or edges of which is or are tightly secured between flanges or otherwise, and
over this diaphragm there is a "blank cap," that is, a cap without openings of
any kind therein. Between the valve and the diaphragm the supply connec-
tion is made, so that when the tap is closed the fluid presses both on the back
of the valve and on the diaphragm. That part of the spindle on the other
side of the valve is in the nozzle or outflow passage, and it is to this part that
a ball lever, weighted lever handle, or other arrangement to operate the valve
is connected, thus rendering it necessary, when the tap is being opened, that

page_text: the spindle and the valve should be moved' in a direction against the flow of
the fluid supply, and the diaphragm forced against the "blank cap " herein.
before mentioned.
The connections of the operating lever may be made in any convenient
manner, either to the end of the spindle outside the nozzle or discharge way,
or to the said spindle through the sides of the said nozzle or discharge way.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGE DOORS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Applegate at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th March
1863.
I, FRANK APPLEGATE, of Bradford-on-Avon, in the County of Wilts, Woollen
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGE DOORS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in railway carriage doors, which I
propose to effect by using sliding doors instead of doors on hinges. The
whole of the doors on both sides of the carriagos (of course separate) or on one
side slide into recesses outside or inside as preferred. I propose to attach all
theso doors to a rod provided at the end of each carriage with a suitable
expanding binge or other mechanical equivalent for connecting quickly, so that
the guard at the end (or other compartment in which he is placed) can open
all the doors at once when tho train stops, and when the train has started
close them simultaneously.
A NEW COMPOSITION FOR DRESSING AND PREPARING SILK, COTTON, AND WOOLLEN TISSUES AND FIBRES, AND ALSO MIXTURES OF THE SAME
Year: 1863

page_text: 5
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Gilbee at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th April 1863.-
A communication from abroad by Jacques Mathevon, of Lyons, France,
Manufacturer.
I, HENRY GILBEE, of No. 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW COMPOSITION FOR DRESSING
AND PREPARING SILK, COTTON, AND WOOLLEN TISSUES AND FIBRES, AND ALSO
MIXTURES OF THE SAME," to be as follows, that is to say:-
The Invention communicated to me consists of a new industrial product
O composed of the following materials :-
First. Brazilian tapioca.
2ndly. Fig juice.
3rdly. Pearl moss (called in French, mousse perlée).
4thly. Vulcanized caoutchouc.
5thly. The juice of mulberry leaves.
This composition can be applied to dressing and preparing all kinds of tissues
made of silk, wool, or cotton, and of mixtures of these substances. It can
also be applied to facilitating the winding of all fibres which have to be spun,
wound, or twisted. The preparation of this dressing composition, and the
proportions of the materials of which it is composed, vary according to the
nature of the tissues or fibres to be dressed or prepared.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CLEANING ROADWAYS AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th December 1863.-A communication from abroad by Thomas
Agudio, of Turin, in the Kingdom of Italy, Engineer.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CLEANING ROADWAYS AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREIN," a communication to me from abroad by Thomas Agudio,
of Turin, in the 'Kingdom of Italy, Engineer:-
This Invention relates to an improved mode or method of removing mud
from the surface of streets and other roadways requiring to be kept clean, and
consists essentially in the application and use for that purpose of a vacuum,
whereby the mud is forced into a receiver or vessel for the purpose by
atmospheric pressure. The vessel for receiving the mud is made air-tight and
is mounted on wheels, so as to be capable of being drawn or propelled along
the street by horses or otherwise. In connection with this receiver there is an
air pump or pumps worked by a small steam engine on the apparatus or by
the rotation of the travelling wheels, and a suction pipe enters the bottom of
the receiver and passes up to near the top of the same. The lower end of the
pipe is situate close to the surface of the ground and dips into the mud, which
is collected in front of it, by inclined scrapers as the apparatus travels along.
Provision is made for raising or lowering these scrapers as well as the nozzle
or mouth of the suction pipe.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW FRAMES AND SASHES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Rickarby and Thomas
Albert Barrett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 29th July 1863.
We, GEORGE RICKARBY, of No. 1, St. Giles's Road, and THOMAS ALBERT
BARRETT, of No. 79, Observatory Street, both in the City of Oxford, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW FRAMES AND
SASHES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in window frames and
sashes. For this purpose, in place of as is usual, hanging the sashes by cords
with counterpoise weights, and boxing the frame in which the sashes slide in
order that it may contain these weights, we make the frame solid, and at one
side of it we mount a pinion or wheel with teeth; the bearings of this pinion
are carried in a small box or casting, which is let into the frame; the teeth of
the pinion, however, project beyond the face of the frame. The sash has fixe.l
to one side of it a plate of metal with holes formed through it; the pitch of these
holes corresponds with that of the teeth of the pinion, and the said teeth enter
the holes in the perforated plate, the plate forming a rack to work with the pinion.
On the other side of the sash are mounted two small friction wheels, one near
the top and the other near the bottom thereof, and these are connected with
springs, pressing them constantly outwards against the frame; the perforated
plate or rack before mentioned is thus pressed steadily against the pinion on
the other side of the frame. By this arrangement the sash will be able to be

page_text: raised easily, steadily, and quietly. In order that the sashes may be readily
taken out for cleaning and for other purposes we fix the beadings which retain
them with screws, and these we sometimes make with heads, so that they may
be turned with the thumb and finger, or we employ screws with ordinary heads
to receive a screwdriver.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WICKS FOR OIL AND OTHER FLUID BURNING LAMPS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Thomson King at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th May 1863.
-A communication from abroad by Henry Coulter, of Philadelphia, in
the State of Pennsylvania, one of the United States of America.
I, JOHN THOMSON KING, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WICKS FOR OIL AND OTHER FLUID BURNING LAMPS," the same having been
communicated to me from abroad by Henry Coulter, of Philadelphia, in the
Stato of Pensylvannia, one of the United States of America, to be as
follows:-
This Invention, which is applicable to lamp wicks of different shapes,
consists in placing within an outer covering of woven fabric or other flexible
material a quantity of loose or unwoven cotton, flax, rhea fibre, grass, or any
other fibro or fibrous material preferably combed, drawn, or worked into its
or their greatest length or lengths, so that the power of raising the fluid in the
container of the lamp to the point of combustion by capillary attraction may
be increased. For flat wicks, a number of roved lengths of cotton fibre, placed
side by side, and folded within a piece of calico, over the meeting of the sides
of which another piece of calico is attached, has been found to answer well.
In circular wicks the combed, roved, or otherwise straightened, or it may be
loose and unprepared fibre or fibrous material, may be conveniently placed in
an annular space between inner and outer woven circular casings, and the
three fastened together to form but one wick.
Iи- PROVEMENTS IN CONNECTING SCALING, FIRE, AND OTHER LIKE LADDERS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Fawcus at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th November
1868.
I, GEORGE FAWCUs, of North Shields, in the County of Northumberland,
Ship Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iи-
PROVEMENTS IN CONNECTING SCALING, FIRE, AND OTHER LIKE LADDERS," to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists in connecting lengths of ladders by means of spring
catches as hereafter explained. I make the lengths to taper to such extent
that the narrow end of one length shall fit inside the broad end of any other
length. On the inner sides of the narrow end of each length I fit spring clasps,
and on each of the sides of the lengths at the broad end I fix metal clasps
or loops. The lengths of the ladder are connected by inserting the narrow
end of one length into the broad end of another length when the spring
catches will be engaged into and held by the metal clasps until the springs
are pressed inwards to release them from the clasps; stops or cleats are fixed
on the sides of the lengths against which the ends of the lengths abut when
the ladder is put together.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CRINOLINES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jeannette Fleurman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th Decem-
ber 1868.
I, JEANNETTE FLBURMAN, Milliner, of 12, Baker Street, Portman Square,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CRINOLINES," to be as follows:-
The object of this new system of crinoline is to reduce the number of steels
now employed "to three only." One is an ordinary steel, and is fixed at the
bottom of the crinoline, the other two are placed on each other in the crinoline
above the middle and towards the waistband. This small quantity of steel
makes the new crinoline lighter than the present ones. The steels being
at such a distance from each other gives great flexibility to the crinoline
causing it to fold up elegantly, it is therefore very convenient for carriages.
This crinoline can be made of all kinds of materials.
The description thereof will be more fully understood by reference to the
accompanying Drawings.
The steels of the top A, B, and C, D, are placed on each other in the
crinoline, so as to act as a single one, as can be seen at E, F. At the end E
are several small holes two inches apart, which are made for enlarging or
lessening the circle. This end passes in a slide P of the steel C, D, and
fastens by means of a small button placed under C, D, and near the slide, as
in the figure L. The three small holes marked in the steel A, B, by R, S, T,
No. 1 and No. 2, and in C, D, by R, S, T, No. 3 and No. 4, are made for

page_text: joining these two steels; also to attach two ribands, one elastic, which has the
two ends sewn at R, R, and keeps the crinoline straight; the other, not elastic,
has the two ends sewn at S, S, and is placed at the back on the body so as
to set out the crinoline. The other holes T, T, are only used for large
figures. These two ribands pass with a third one attached to each side of
the skirt in a loop of riband attached from the waistband at the back to the
button hook of the middle of the steels E, F, so as to keep the skirt in a
perfect equilibrium. The nine button hooks (N) are distant from each
other five inches, and are fixed in nine loops of riband distant from each other
seven inches, so as to give the full width to the back. The steels of the
top are joined together in such a way that when placed in the crinoline the
front of the circle is single and passes in four loops of riband, which gives
facility in walking. At the back, on the contrary, they pass on each other,
in order to give more strength, having more to support, and thus being
stronger the crinoline sets out at the back and thereby gives the most elegant
shape. The steel of the bottom measures three yards in length and half an
inch in breadth, the steels of the top E, F, measure two yards in length and
a quarter of an inch in breadth.
A METHOD OF PREPARING MICA AND TALC IN ORDER TO RENDER THEM APPLICABLE TO ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL AND TO ORNAMENTAL PURPOSES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Brooks Pettit at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st August
1863.
I, GEORGE BROOKS PETTIT, of Oxford Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Gas Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
METHOD OF PREPARING MICA AND TALC IN ORDER TO RENDER THEM APPLICABLE
TO ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL AND TO ORNAMENTAL PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in preparing mica and tale to render them flexible,
and to fit them for receiving a needle and thread without breaking by passing
them through rollers fluted or bearing any other uneven surface, and that in
several directions, whereby the material is not only fitted for being handled
and used somewhat in a similar manner to a textile fabric, but is at the same
time ornamented with a pattern. The material being transparent, fireproof,
and not liable to tarnish, will be found particularly applicable, among other
uses, to the making of stage and other dresses; again, applied to hooped skirts
it will effectually protect the body from fire.
A NEW FABRIC SUITABLE FOR TRIMMINGS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th May 1863. A communication from abroad by Jacques Desprez and
Georges Montaillé, both of Paris, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW FABRIC SUITABLE FOR TRIMMINGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in manufacturing in pieces or strips a new fabric by
sewing, sticking, or otherwise applying birds' feathers on a ground of linen,
cotton, or other like suitable foundation. The feathers may be of one color
or variegated, and may be made to resemble flowers or other figures, and may
be worked into various patterns.
SAPELY CLOSING DOORS, WINDOWS, AND OTHER APERTURES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Tessier at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th August
1868. A communication from abroad by Léon Mariz and Jacques
Fumet, both of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, CHARLES TESSIEB, of 9, Lower John Street, London, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "SAPELY
CLOSING DOORS, WINDOWS, AND OTHER APERTURES," being a communication to
me from abroad by Léon Mariz and Jacques Fumet, both of Paris, in the
Empire of France, to be as follows:-
Certain shutters made of iron, wood, or other material, and of size and
shape varying according to requirement, have a number of plates riveted to a
frame fixed or moveable. The rivets or axles of each plate are excentrics,
and create and cause a movement of translation on one side of the frame,
whilst the other side executes an ascending or vertical movement, bringing the
plates upon one another, and thereby forming a safe and perfect shutter. The
mountings of the frame are part in and part outside the shutters. A certain
combination of weights or wheels help to the general movement.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PUNCHING, STAMPING, OR FORGING METALS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Burt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd May 1863.
I, GEORGE BURT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PUNCHING, STAMPING, OR FORGING METALS," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in the construction of a machine which shall operate
as a direct-acting hammer, having the advantages of being able to increase, the
power of the blow at will, to throw the hammer easily in and out of gear, to
raise the hammer when either in or out of gear, and to increase or reduce the
length of stroke given by the hammer. This I effect in the following manner.
To a beam or other secure anchorage is attached an elbow or bracket, to one
end of which a cylinder is secured with a bayonet slot cut down a considerable
portion of its length; inside this is a second cylinder, with a stud upon it,
working in the aforesaid bayonet slot, and by means of an outside handle
allowing the second cylinder to be turned when throwing the hammer in and
out of gear, and to raise the hammer when out of gear. The second cylinder
is keyed upon a tube in which the hammer rod works; to the head of this
tube a cross head or double beak. is fixed, through which the hammer rod
-passes-;-this-rod-works-with-a.screw_in_the_tube, and its length may be adjusted
by means of a small crank or winch handle formed on the end that appears
above the cross head when the machine is in gear. One beak of the cross.
head may work upon the end of the beam or bearing to which the machine

page_text: is attached, and upon which is also placed a spring consisting of any number
of sheafs or plates, the strength of which can be governed by an adjusting
screw; this spring acting upon one break of the cross head, the trip or tilt, or
toothed wheel, or other appliance used to work the hammer, operates upon the
corresponding beak; a movement of the handle affixed to the inner cylinder
causes that cylinder to make a partial turn, taking with it the tube upon which
the cross head is fixed, and, displacing the beaks, the machine is out of gear;
the same handle being raised raises the hammer, and thus suspends it from
the anvil. In heavy machines of this construction any suitable mechanical
appliance may be employed to raise the cylinder and hammer when out of
gear instead of by the handle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INSULATING THE MAGNETIC NEEDLE OR NEEDLES IN COMPASSES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATON left by William Simpson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th April
1863.
J, WILLIAM SIMPSON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Gentle-
man, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN INSULATING THE MAGNETIC NEEDLE OR NEEDLES IN COMPASSES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates or is applicable to all magnetic needles used in
mariners, azimutli, and other compasses, and has for its object the insulation of
such magnetic needles that they will practically be insensible to or uninfluenced
by local attraction. And although I prefer to employ it in connection with
the system of applying electricity to compasses patented by John Sacheverell
Gisborne and myself, the said William Simpson, of date the 14th February
1868, No. 401, it is not exclusively so applicable.
Magnetized needles of the ordinary shape, or of one similar thereto, are each
enclosed wholly or partially, but preferably with the ends, and also the edges of
the centre pieces open in an insulating material, say of gutta percha, india-
rubber, or any of their compounds, and such magnetized needles so coated are
each placed or enclosed in a soft iron or other metallic box of the same form
as the coated or insulated surface of the needles. The cards are attached to the
outer casings in the same way as they are now attached to the needles and the
action is exactly the same, for the centre blocks and points carrying the whole
as at present are used.