IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING METALS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES WITH A MATERIAL NOT HITHERTO USED FOR SUCH PURPOSES
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Moses Poole, of Serle Street, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
COATING METALS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES WITH A MATERIAL NOT
HITHERTO USED FOR SUCH PURPOSES."
Sealed the 8th January 1853, and dated the 1st October 1852.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Moses Poole at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his petition, on the
1st October 1852.
IN
AND
OTHER
A
behalf of
I, MOSES POOLE, of Serle Street, in the County of Middlesex, Gen-
tleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
COATING METAL
"IMPROVEMENTS
SUBSTANCES WITH
MATERIAL NOT HITHERTO USED FOR SUCH PURPOSES" to be as follows:-
This Invention is communicated from America, on
Mr. Goodyear, the Inventor, and consists of covering metal, and other
surfaces which will bear the heat necessary for the purpose, with a hard
substance produced by combining India-rubber with sulphur, with or
without other materials, and applying the same to metal or other sur-
faces, and then subjecting them to a high degree of heat till the desired
result is obtained.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said Moses Poole, in the Great Seal Patent Office, on
the 30th March 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
MOSES POOLE, of Serle Street, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of October in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, in the sixteenth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Moses Poole, Her special licence that I, the said
Moses Poole, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Moses Poole, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and law-
fully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING METALS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
WITH A MATERIAL NOT HITHERTO USED FOR SUCH PURPOSES," upon the
. condition (amongst others) that I, the said Moses Poole, by an instru-
ment in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Moses- Poole, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof (that is to say):
This Invention is communicated from America, on behalf of
Mr. Goodyear, the Inventor, and consists of covering metal, and other
surfaces which will bear the heat necessary for the purpose, with a hard
substance produced by combining India-rubber with sulphur, with or
without other materials, and applying to metal or other surfaces, and
then subjecting them to a high degree of heat till the desired result is
obtained; and in order that the Invention may be most fully understood,

page_text: pursued by the Inventor.
int
The Invention has for its object the coating rods, tubes, and wire,
and such like hollow and solid articles, which require..to be coatedzor
cased all over their exterior surfaces to protect them from rust or corro-
sion, and otherwise; and also applies to insulators for electric telegraph
purposes, where the electric telegraph wires are suspended, or require to
have bell or other shaped hollow sheds or coverings over the points of
suspension of the wires and cords; or bands of fibrous material, which
will bear the heat, may be similarly coated all over. In carrying out
this Invention, supposing the articles to be a tube or a rod or a length
of wire, I cause a thin sheet or fillet of India-rubber mixed with sulphur
to be wound round the exterior surface of the article, taking care
that the edges of the thin sheet or fillet overlap slightly, or the sheet of
the material may simply be such as just to cover the outer surface of
the article and overlap at its edges. In either case care is to be taken
that the coating of the material comes in contact at all points with the
exterior surface of the tube, rod, or wire. The material or compound
is found more advantageously to adhere if the surface of the article is
first made rough. In cases of coating wire of considerable length, the
compound material may be applied by means of forcing it when in a
plastic state through dies, as is now done in covering wire with gutta
percha, and as is well understood; and the compound may contain a
large proportion of pitch or coal tar, deprived of water. In case it be
applied for coating insulating bell-formed or other shaped insulating
sheds for telegraphic wires, the material may be applied both inside
and out, or only on one side, by pressing thin sheets of the material on
to the parts desired to be covered, and when cords or bands are to be
coated they are heated like wire. Having applied the material (which
I prefer to be composed of two parts of India-rubber and one part of
sulphur, without other matter, except when for covering wire), to the
surfaces above mentioned, they are then to be subjected to heat, so as
to convert the compound materials into a hard substance of a whale-
bone or ivory-like texture, surrounding the article on all sides; and the
heat for this purpose, it is believed, is most advantageously applied when
the temperature is raised gradually, say in half an hour, to 230° of
Fahrenheit, and kept at that temperature for about one and a half
hours, and then gradually raising the heat up to about 295° to 305° of

page_text: Fahrenheit inthe remainder of the six hours. When the compound
contains much foreign matter the heat may be raised more quickly, but
when for insulating wire for electric telegraphs, which requires to be
flexible, from ten to twenty degrees less heat is required. And it may
be stated that in all cases where wire or other articles are liable to
adhere by coming in contact in the heating process, they should be kept
apart by powdered talc or soap-stone. I would remark that although
I have spoken only of sulphur, because it is believed that sulphur alone
is the best for the purpose, yet matters containing or giving off like
products of sulphur as those given off by sulphur alone by heat may be
employed, and colouring and other matters, such as gum lac, gutta
percha, also coal tar or pitch deprived of its water, white lead, oxide
of zinc, or other colouring or other matters, may be added to the
materials.
Having thus described the nature of the Iuvention, and the manner
of performing the same, I would have it understood that I am aware
that it is not new to coat a surface of sheet iron or other matter with
the hard material above described, obtained by applying heat to India-
rubber mixed with sulphur; I do not, therefore, claim the
generally; i "si
But what claim is, the coating the exterior surfaces of rods, tubes,
and wire, and cords or bands, by enclosing them within the compounded
materials herein mentioned, so that the edges of the material overlap,
or the articles are otherwise closed over, in all parts of their exterior
surfaces with the hard substance above described; and I also claim
the coating of other hollow articles of metal, such as insulating instru-
ments, with such material as herein described..
In witness whereof, I, the said Moses Poole, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of March in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
MOSES POOLE. (L.S.)
Witness, B. GOBEY.