matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
STEAM CULINARY VESSELS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd May 1876. A communication from
abroad by Simeon T. Goodwyn, of New Orleans, State of Louisiana, United
States of America.
HERBERT JOIN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Patent Agents,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer.
STEAM CULINARY VESSELS." A communication from abroad by Simeon T.
Goodwyn, of New Orleans, State of Louisiana, United States of America.
The Invention consists in the use of an additional cylinder which encloses the
culinary vessel and retains the heat which otherwise would rapidly dissipate, and
thereby securing greater economy both in time and fuel required for cooking. The
improvements can be performed by using any ordinary boiler or cooking pot,
furnishing it with a projecting rim or rims to which is to be fastened the additional
cylinder, so that the boiler or pot is enclosed thereby; the boiler is filled with water
and it and the enclosing cylinder are placed on a fire or stove, the matter to be
cooked having been previously inserted either in the water or in a case suspended
therein, the whole is put on the fire, and the contents will be found to be properly
cooked in much less time than the present process of boiling or baking.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gammon and William Clark at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st July 1876.
JOHN GAMMON and WILLIAM CLARK, both of Brighton, in the County of Sussex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES."
This Invention relates to improvements in the method of mounting and actuating
the rollers of roller skates in order to cause them to turn in any desired direction.
Upon the axis of each pair of rollers an arın projects horizontally, the end of
which is embraced by a forked lever descending from the carriage plate fixed on
the under side of the footboard of the skate. The axis of each pair of rollers is
carried by a vertical pin or axis, which is jointed to the fixed carriage plate, and is
capable of rocking upon the pin of the joint. The upper end of the vertical axis
is formed with horns or projections which butt against a block of india-rubber let
into a recess on the under side of the carriage plate. When the footboard or plate
is rocked on either side, the lever arın fixed on the carriage plate acts on the end of
the horizontal arın of the rollers axis and causes the axis of the rollers to partially
rotate upon the vertical pin or axis, which at the same time moves or rocks upon
the pin of the joint on the carriage plate, the bed block of india-rubber acting to
restore the parts to their normal position again.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO LAMPS, SUCH AS SHIPS' STATE ROOM LAMPS, CABIN, SALOON, AND OTHER LIKE LAMPS."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward William West at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th December 1876.
"
EDWARD WILLIAM WEST, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster. IMPROVE-
MENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO LAMPS, SUCH AS SHIPS' STATE ROOM LAMPS, CABIN,
SALOON, AND OTHER LIKE LAMPS."
This Invention relates to certain improvements in and applicable to lamps, such
as ships' state room lamps, cabin and saloon lamps, and is also applicable to all
lamps in which it is necessary to remove the globe or globe, and chimney for the
purpose of trimming or lighting.
In carrying out my Invention and applying it to, say, a bracket lamp for use in a
ship's state room, attach to the bracket carrying the lamp a vertical bar or rod, on
which slides a sleeve or sleeves provided with a set screw or screws or locking
mechanism for fastening the same in the required position on such vertical bar. By
preference I use a reeded bar with a corresponding reeded tube being the sleeve
sliding thereon. From the sleeve or sleeves I carry out a bracket or brackets which
carry the globe or globe and chimney of the lamp. In the case of the globe the
carrying bracket is arranged to embrace the globe at the bottom thereof, and also to
embrace the globe at the top, where it is arranged to secure the globe by means of a
set screw, and is also hinged or otherwise arranged so that the globe can with
facility be removed therefrom.
In the case of lamps with chimnies, such as those used with argand burners, I
arrange the base of the bracket carrying the globe to extend under so as also to
carry the chimney.
It will be seen that by the application of my Invention the globe or globe and
chimney can be raised vertically from the lamp and fixed in the required position
above the lamp, so that the lamp can be got at for lighting, trimming, or other
purposes, after which the globe or globe and chimney can be returned and secured in
its normal position; this is effected by the sliding of the sleeve and carrying bracket
on the vertical bar or rod.
Although I have described my Invention as applied to a bracket lamp, such as
those used in ships' state rooms, it will be evident that it is applicable to other
lamps, such as suspension lamps for saloons, in such case the sleeves being
arranged in duplicate to slide on the suspending bars, the carrying brackets being
also arranged to extend from bar to bar as will be understood. It will be also

page_text: evident that the bar and sliding sleeves may be of any suitable shaped section, but
by preference I use a reeded section.
I am aware that lamps have been arranged so that their chimnies or globes and
chimnies are carried on an independent base or bearer, so that the globe or globe
and chimney may be canted over for the purpose of lighting or trimming, but it
will be evident that this method has many objections which are not attendant upon
the use of my Invention, in which the globe or globe and chimney can be vertically
raised and so secured when required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR HEATING OR COOKING PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph William Priestley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th February 1876.
JOSEPH WILLIAM PRIESTLEY, of Halifax, in the County of York, Wool Buyer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR HEATING OR COOKING PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to gas stoves employed for heating and warming build-
ings, and to apparatus for cooking purposes when illuminating gas is employed
therewith, and the object of this Invention is to destroy the noxious gases or
results of combustion and to economize the gas.
Apparatus as heretofore constructed and employed for heating or for cooking pur-
poses where illuminating gas has been used has given off a noxious gas or fume the
result of combustion which has rendered the use of such apparatus objectionable
within a closed room; to destroy such gases and to produce an increased heat from a
given quantity of gas consumed I construct such apparatus as follows:-
I employ, by preference, what is known as the "Bunsen" burner, or a burner of
that class, and the burner or burners is or are enclosed by or received within a
tube or tubes of fire-clay, copper, or other metal, one end thereof being open to the
outer air, the other end being likewise open but terminating within the heating
or cooking apparatus. The heat resulting from the consumption of gas draws a
current of air along the tube or tubes to and in contact with the flame, whereby the
more perfect combustion is effected and the heat greatly increased, and the noxious
gases destroyed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TOOTH BRUSHES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Kent at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st June 1876.
"
ALFRED KENT, of Hammersmith, in the County of Middlesex. IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TOOTH BRUSHES."
This Invention consists in certain improvements in the manufacture of tooth
brushes, whereby the bristles or hairs of which the same are formed are conveniently
tied, and the knots properly connected by the drawing wire, which latter is securely
fastened off, whilst the external appearance of the brush is similar to that which is
obtained by the method of manufacture known as " trepanning," without the
disadvantages which attach to such method.
Tooth brushes constructed in accordance with this Invention consist of two parts,
the handle or stock, and a part which may be termed the "bristle slab." The
handle or stock is formed of bone, ivory, or any other suitable material, and may
be made of any suitable shape and with any desired kind of ornamentation. One
side of the head of the handle or stock is provided with a dovetailed recess formed
therein for the reception of the bristle slab.
The bristle slab is formed of a piece of any suitable material, by preference of
hard wood, and is made to fit exactly into the dovetailed recess in the handle or
stock.
The bristle slab is accurately drilled with the requisite number of holes for the
reception of the bristles or hairs, which are placed therein and tied in the well
known manner with the "drawing wire," the latter being then securely fastened off.
The bristles or hairs having been thus fixed the knots of bristles or hairs and wire
are carefully covered with a suitable adhesive cement.
The dovetailed recess in the handle or stock is also thinly coated with the cement,
and the bristle slab forced into the same. The brush having been thus completed,
the bristle slab (when formed of wood) swells upon being immersed in water, the
knots of bristle or hair and wire being thereby more firmly fixed by compression
in the dovetailed recess.
An important feature connected with this Invention is that the brushes are much
more economically and perfectly manufactured than by any of the methods pre-

page_text: viously employed, is that in the case of any error being made in drilling the holes
in the "bristle slab," the latter can be thrown aside and a fresh one used, whereas
under the old methods of manufacture the whole of the handle or stock is spoiled if
any such error in drilling be made.
An additional advantage is that the bristles or hairs are not so liable to be cut
by the sharp edges of the drilled holes in the bristle slab when formed of wood or
other comparatively soft material, as when ivory or bone is employed.
AN IMPROVED SCREW PROPELLER
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Sample at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th January 1876.
JAMES SAMPLE, of Blyth, in the County of Northumberland. "AN IMPROVED
SCREW PROPELLER."
The object of this Invention is to obviate or reduce to a minimum the positive
slip of a screw propeller. To this end the blades of the screw are made or cast
with a series of concentric flutes or corrugations that confine the water and prevent
it flying off the surface of the blades at the perimeter. Both faces of the blades are
similarly fluted; the furrows in the one face corresponding to the ridges on the
other. This adapts the screw for quick or slow rotary motion, for by reversing the
screw on the propeller shaft furrows having different radii to those possessed by the
surface previously worked now come into use which require the speed of the shaft
to be in accordance therewith.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TEA POTS AND COFFEE POTS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ellis Treacher Bowden at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th June 1876.
ELLIS TREACHER BOWDEN, of Rochford Rectory, Tenbury, in the County of
Worcester, Clerk in Holy Orders. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TEA POTS AND COFFEE
POTS."
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in tea pots and
coffee pots, the object of the said improvements being to show the height of the
liquid in the tea pot or coffee pot.
I will describe my Invention as applied to a tea pot.
At any convenient part of the tea pot, but by preference near that side of the
tea pot at which the spout is situated, I fix a vertical hollow cylinder or tube. The
bottom of the said tube is either closed by a circular disc or plate, oris closed by
being fixed on the bottom of the tea pot. The upper end of the said tube is open,
and terminates in an opening in the top of the tea pot, which opening is covered by
the lid of the tea pot or by a projecting piece on the lid of the tea pot when the said
lid is shut down. The lower part of the said tube is perforated with a number of
small holes, through which the liquid in the tea pot passes to the interior of the
said tube, but which prevents the tea leaves entering the said tube. The liquid
stands in the same level both in the tea pot and in the said tube. In the said tube
is placed a float having a stem, the general configuration of the said float and stem
being that of a piston and piston rod. The float is of considerably less diameter
than the tube, and hence works in it freely, while the stem alides through an eye
or guide near the top of the tube, by which guide the float and stem are kept con-
centric with the tube. The stem may either be plain or graduated; in the latter
case the graduations may either indicate divisions of the cubical contents of the tea
pot, or divisions of some standard of liquid measure, as a quart, a pint, and the
like.
In using the tea pot it is only necessary to lift the lid, and thereby permit the
float to rise in order to ascertain the height of the liquid in the tea pot, and in
pouring water into the tea pot the quantity introduced is indicated by the stem of
the float. When the lid is shut down it depresses the stem and float, and the tea
pot does not differ in external appearance from an ordinary tea pot.

page_text: The tube with the float and stem may be made separate from the tea pot, and
introduced into the proper place through an opening in the top of the tea pot, and
secured by screwing or by a bayonet joint fastening or otherwise. By this method
of construction great facility for cleaning the tube, float, and stem is afforded, as
well as the means of using the tea pot without the indicating apparatus should it
be wished to do so.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BINDING AND WIRING HAT AND BONNET SHAPES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Noah William Mitchell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th April 1876.
NOAH WILLIAM MITCHELL, of Devonshire Street, Cambridge Road, Mile End,
in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BINDING AND
WIRING HAT AND BONNET SHAPES."
This Invention consists in certain improvements in machinery for binding and
wiring hat and bonnet shapes whereby the operation of binding and wiring will be
more effectually and expeditiously performed than heretofore.
The following is the manner I propose to bind and wire hat and bonnet shapes
according to my said Invention:-
The binding is coiled round a drum from whence it is made to pass on to a moist
pad, where it is damped and where it receives the desired tension from a spring or
otherwise. The said binding then passes round a pin or roller, and thence to a
shearing apparatus. The wire which it is intended to affix round the hat or bonnet
shape by means of the binding aforesaid is now brought in operation by being
made to pass through a slot in the shearing apparatus. The said shearing apparatus
is so constructed that on a lever being actuated upon (at the will of the operator)
the binding and wire shall be cut simultaneously leaving the binding of a sufficient
length to cover the wire and finish the joint on the hat or bonnet shape. The
binding and wire then pass into a guide, made in such a manner that the said binding
shall be gradually brought over the wire until it reaches two discs (one of which is
rabbetted and the other flanged) where the hat or bonnet shape is ready to receive
the wire and binding aforesaid. The construction of these two discs is such that
the binding will always be kept against the wire aforesaid, and being heated by
means of gas or other suitable heating medium at once dries and affixes the binding
and wire on to the hat or bonnet shape. The said discs are fixed on parallel spindles
held in suitable bearings and connected to cach other by toothed wheels, which
receive motion from a fly wheel actuated by a treadle or other suitable motive
power. The desired pressure between the discs is given by means of a weighted
lever, which acts by a rod on one of the aforesaid spindles.
The operator in order to bind and wire a hat or bonnet shape has only to keep
the edge of the said shape between the two discs above described which can be
separated to introduce the work between them by means of a cam.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING, APPLYING, AND ECONOMIZING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Bentley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd June 1870.
DAVID BENTLEY, of the Firm of Bentley and Jackson, of Lodge Bank Works,
Bury, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING, APPLYING,
AND ECONOMIZING MOTIVE POWER."
My Invention has for its object effecting an economy in the consumption of the
actuating fluids employed for driving motive power engines, and it consists essentially
in returning the fluid, say, steam or water, or steam and water, for example, to the
boiler or boilers or other source, after having performed its duty by imparting
motion to the engine.
The Invention may be carried out in various ways, whilst still retaining the
same principles. According to one mode of carrying out the same I employ a
rotary engine, say for example, one constructed upon the principle of a turbine; and
I convey steam by suitable pipes or passages fitted if necessary with valves from a
boiler thereto, which steam by acting upon the engine drives the same, and is then
reconducted by other pipes or passages into the boiler. The steam is thus reutilized
whereby a much less quantity is required to be generated in order to produce a
given power, and a proportionate saving is effected in the consumption of fuel
necessary for heating the boiler. In a similar manner steam and water may be
employed in combination for driving the engine, such steam and water being then
reconducted into the boiler, whereby their useful effect may be available for
reutilization; or water may be employed alone, the same being conducted from the
boiler and passed through the engine, so as to impart motion to the same, and then
returned to its source for reutilization.
MENTS IN RAILWAY BRAKES."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Thomas at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th August 1876.
WILLIAM THOMAS, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
MENTS IN RAILWAY BRAKES."
"IMPROVE-
My Invention relates more particularly to the continuous brakes which are
applied to trains of vehicles in use upon railways in order to arrest the motion of
such trains for well understood reasons.
When carrying my said Invention into effect I employ brake straps, which can
be tightened up, so that when the motion of the train is to be arrested or slackened
the said straps, when so tightened up, bear upon the peripheries of drums which are
fixed to the axles of the wheels of the vehicles, or to some of the said axles. Upon
each axle of a vehicle I fix a brake drum, which is formed in two halves, which
can be firmly bolted or cottered together upon the axle.
In some cases I may form the axles with suitable swells to receive the said
drums, so that each drum may be formed in one piece. A series of right and left
hand screws is mounted in suitable bearings formed in brackets which are secured
to the body of the vehicle, there being a right hand and a left hand screw to each
axle. The said screws are coupled together by means of right and left hand nuts, which
receive the ends of the screws, which are fixed in the said nuts by means of pins
or cotters. This method of coupling may be varied as found to be most suitable.
The ends of each brake strap are fitted with nuts, which are mounted on the right
and left hand screws; and each strap is lined with wood or other suitable material,
or is formed of hinged blocks or castings, or is otherwise suitably formed or fitted
to act upon the periphery of the said brake drum.
When the coupled screws are rotated in one direction the ends of the said strap
are drawn together, and the said strap, or the lining thereof, is forcibly pressed
upon the periphery of the drum, so as to reduce or arrest the motion of the same;
and when the said screws are rotated in the reverse direction the said strap is
withdrawn from contact with the said drum. The screws on all or on some of the
vehicles are coupled together, and are connected by bevil or other gearing with
suitable appliances for rotating the said screws.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA- RATUS FOR LAYING-OUT OR GUAGEING THE DISTANCES BETWEEN THE EDGES OF SHEETS OF PAPER, CARDS, OR ENVELOPES FOR BORDERING
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Hook at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd December 1876.
WILLIAM HENRY HOOK, of the City of London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA-
RATUS FOR LAYING-OUT OR GUAGEING THE DISTANCES BETWEEN THE EDGES OF
SHEETS OF PAPER, CARDS, OR ENVELOPES FOR BORDERING."
23
This Invention relates to apparatus for laying out or guaging the distances be-
tween the edges of sheets of paper, cards, or envelopes previously to applying the
color for "bordering," and has for object to construct a simple apparatus whereby
the skilled labour of "borderers" may be dispensed with, and the operation of
laying out the paper, cards, or envelopes be greatly facilitated.
The apparatus consists of a movable table or sliding board which runs upon legs,
which move on and in grooves on each side of the framework, and has at its outer end
a strip or piece having holes therein for a hook or loop, to which hook or loop is
attached a piece of twine or string attached at its other end to and passing over one
of the drums of a drum shaft, said drums being of graduated size for different
widths of borders, and being opposite to and corresponding with the holes at the
end of the sliding board. The drum shaft for the purpose of winding the thread
and moving the sliding board is rotated by a ratchet and catch, actuated by a rod
or link from a cam on a cam shaft, which is mounted in the framing, and extends
across the table, said cam shaft also giving reciprocating motion to the guage rail
or carrier which works in vertical guides in the framing, and is raised and lowered
by two links from cams on the said cam shaft, the cams being timed so that the
descent of the guage follows immediately upon the partial rotation of the drum
shaft and consequent movement of the sliding board. The cam shaft is rotated by
a hand wheel, and upon the periphery of said hand wheel is a pin or stud which
at the time of the guage resting on the table comes in contact with a spring clip
which gives a sufficient stop to arrest the attention of the operative, and notify
that the next sheet of paper, card, or envelope, is to be laid to the guage.
The action of the machine is as follows:- -The "sheet" or "board" upon which
the sheets of paper, cards, or envelopes are to be laid out is placed upon the sliding
board of the machine, and the guage is lowered on to the "sheet" of the paper,

page_text: being then placed against the guage, angle, or rail, and the hand wheel is then
turned, raising the guage rail and gauge through its connections with the cam
shaft, then the drum shaft is partially rotated through its ratched wheel and cam
link, and moves the sliding table one space forward, and the guage rail again
descends, and another sheet of paper, card, or envelope is laid, which will overlap
the succeeding one and be in rear of its outside edge just the space of the border
required, and so on.
AN IMPROVED HOLDER OR FILE FOR HOLDING PAPERS AND PATTERNS AND SAMPLES OF WOOLLEN AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Heyer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th September 1876.
HENRY HEYER, of Leather Lane, London. "AN IMPROVED HOLDER OR FILE FOR
HOLDING PAPERS AND PATTERNS AND SAMPLES OF WOOLLEN AND OTHER FABRICS."
This Invention relates to an improved file for holding and securing a number of
papers, patterns, or other matters, its construction being as follows:-On a piece of
wood or other suitable material (which forms the base of the file) is fixed a pin or
spike projecting at right angles to its surface, and at a suitable distance from the
pin is fixed a block or boss, which should project from the base plate not quite so
much as the pin on spike does. To the upper surface of the block or boss is screwed
or rivetted a movable shield to turn on the screw or rivet, so that it can be brought
over the pin by being turned on its pivot. A curved groove must be cut on the
under side of the movable shield so as to allow it to be brought over the pin. The
base plate can be fitted with a ring at the top or with a hole in the plate, by which
it can be suspended as may be required To use the instrument turn the shield so
as to bare the point of the pin, place the papers on the pin by perforating them with
it, and bring the movable shield round over the pin, which will secure the papers
and permit of their being torn off singly.
A modification of the foregoing arrangement can be made having two or more
pins under the shield, which would be suitable for woollen or other patterns The
movable shield can be constructed with a hinge instead of a pivot, so that it can be
shut down on to the pin.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MINERS' SAFETY LAMPS, AND APPLICABLE TO OTHER LAMPS
Year: 1876

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Galloway at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st July 1876.
WILLIAM GALLOWAY, of Cardiff, in the County of Glamorgan, Mining Engineer.
'IMPROVEMENTS IN MINERS' SAFETY LAMPS, AND APPLICABLE TO OTHER LAMPS."
This Invention has principally for its object to provide miners' safety lamps
with contrivances for trimming and adjusting the lamp wicks, which contrivances
whilst thoroughly convenient and efficient render it altogether unnecessary to open
the lamps for the purpose of trimming, so that the inconvenience and loss of time
hitherto experienced from the necessity of taking lamps from the part of a mine
where they are being used to safe "lamp stations" for trimming is by this Invention
completely avoided.
The Invention is also advantageously applicable to any lamps whenever it is
desirable to open the lantern or casing thereof for trimming; as, fo rexample,
in the case of signal or other lamps exposed to wind.
The Invention consists in fitting the trimming wire to slide through a hole in a
ball, which is fitted into a socket provided at any suitable or convenient part of
the lantern or casing of the lamp. In the Davy lamp the socket and ball may be
placed at the side on a level near the top of the wick; and in the Clanny lamp the
socket and ball may be placed just above the glass cylinder which encircles the
flame. The inner end of the wire may be bent in any manner that may be found
suitable for removing crust from or trimming the wick and for raising and lowering
it. The parts should be fitted so as whilst allowing of angular movement of the
ball and wire, and sliding movement of the wire, to be practically air tight.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RETAINING WINDOW SASHES IN ANY DESIRED POSITION
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Blackley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th June 1876.
JAMES BLACKLEY, of Leyton, in the County of Essex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR RETAINING WINDOW SASHES IN ANY DESIRED POSITION."
This Invention has more especially for its object to improve apparatus for
retaining the windows of railway and other carriages in any desired position, but is
also applicable for retaining other window sashes.
In the case of the windows of railway and other carriages the window sashes are
arranged to slide up and down in parallel sided grooves of a width just sufficient to
allow them to rise or fall freely, and when the windows are let down they descend
as usual into a recess in the door or in the carriage frame. At the lower part of
the opening in the door or frame and in front of the window are fixed two plates,
each carrying on its under side a catch or bolt, one such catch being situated near
each side of the opening. The catches are pressed outwards by coiled or flat springs
carried by the plates, and they are thereby caused to bear against the two side
pieces of the sliding window frame. In these side pieces are recesses at distances
apart from one another, into which the catches can enter freely and hold up the
window in any position required. Each of the plates which carry the catches
has also mounted upon it a lever, by which the catch can be withdrawn. The levers
of the two catches at the two sides of the window opening are connected together
by a bar, which lies in front of the window and just above the window opening in
the door or carriage frame; by lifting this bar both catches can be withdrawn and
the window allowed to drop. The bar may, if desired, be hidden by a casing
secured to the door or carriage frame, and the bar may be formed with a handle
to rise up through the top of the casing, so that to allow the window to drop it will
be simply necessary to raise this bandle.
The catches and bar may if desired be carried by the window sash instead of by
the frame.
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF PARTS OF ATMOSPHERIC OR AERATING CHURNS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Baxter East at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st November 1876. Communicated
from abroad by Thomas Simmons, of Hartford, Connecticut, United States of
America.
"IM-
THOMAS BAXTER EAST, of Long Wall, Oxford, in the County of Oxford.
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF PARTS OF ATMOSPHERIC
OR AERATING CHURNS." Communicated from abroad by Thomas Simmons, of
Hartford, Connecticut, United States of America.
This Invention relates to churns or machines for producing butter- from milk or
cream. It has for its object the production of a better article, and with greater
rapidity than has heretofore been manufactured.
Affixed to the frame of the machine are bevel gear wheels for communicating
motion to a driver by which fans and a nixer are operated, the driver encircling an
aerating tube which is provided with a square shoulder to fit into the frame to
which it is secured by means of a thumb nut. The bottom of the aerating tube
has secured to it a breaker, on which the bottom of dashers and fans revolve, the
tube being open at top.
At the top and bottom of tube between the fans are provided two oblong holes
for the introduction of air into the body of the fluid to be acted upon within the
vessel containing the cream which is provided with a suitable lid.
The operation is as follows:-The liquid is placed in the vessel or tub and the
main wheel turned by means of its handle, which gives a rapid rotating motion to
the fans and the mixers. The liquid is thrown outward which produces a vacuum
near the middle, and draws the air downward through the tube into the liquid so
as to mix with it. This furnishes an abundant supply of air imparting its oxygen
to the cream and rapidly forms the butter.
A. NEW OR IMPROVED RIDING STIRRUP
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Switzer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th January 1876.
THOMAS SWITZER, of the County of the City of Dublin, Ireland. "A. NEW OR
IMPROVED RIDING STIRRUP."
I
The objects of this Invention are to produce a stirrup which shall allow the foot
to retain its natural heat and afford a firm hold for the same, while at the same
time presenting a neat appearance. For this purpose I form the lower part of the
stirrup so as to receive a sole or sole plate of some material which is a slow
conductor of heat, such as hard wood or artificial leather, and I preferably form
this sole plate with a ribbed or uneven upper surface. The bottom bar of the
stirrup may be formed more or less open or open worked, and the sole plate be
attached by screws.
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND COOKING
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Boll at the Office of the Coni-
missioners of Patents on the 20th December 1876.
JOHN BELL, of Pimlico, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVED MEANS OR
APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND COOKING."
My Invention relates to improved means or apparatus to be used in connection
with an ordinary oil lamp or with a gas burner for boiling water or other liquids
and for heating and cooking purposes generally, the object of the Invention being
to utilize the heat of the flame, which may be done without obscuring the light if
desired.
The apparatus of my Invention consists of a hollow cylindrical vessel of the size
of the glass chimney, on which it is fitted and forms a continuation, the said vessel
being of tin or other metal, and having hollow sides forming a container for the
water or other liquid. Above this vessel I mount a receptacle for a pan, kettle, or
other culinary apparatus, the said receptacle being supported on vertical pipes
rising from the cylindrical vessel which serve to place the two in communication.
The water vessel or container may be used without the upper receptacle if desired,
the latter being more particularly designed for use in cooking solids, in which case
hot air may be used in lieu of the water.
The apparatus may be placed on the burner itself if desired, the glass chimney
being in this case dispensed with.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SCORING THE GAME OF BILLIARDS AND OTHER GAMES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Walton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th July 1876.
WILLIAM WALTON, of the City of Manchester, Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR SCORING THE GAME OF BILLIARDS AND OTHER GAMES."
When my improved apparatus is constructed for scoring the game of billiards
I divide a board into two or more rows of numerals, say from from 1 to 50 or
100, and I cover each row of numerals with an endless band of leather or
other suitable material passing around drums; in this band is an aperture to
expose to view the numerals as the band is moved forward by turning one of the
drums round. Near each hole is the representation of a horse or other figure. As
the game progresses the marker turns the drum by a ratchet wheel and catch or
other equivalents, corresponding to the ball of the player (spot or plain) so as to
bring the aperture in each band over the numeral indicating the score; by this
arrangement the relative scores of the players can be seen from any part of the
room in which the game is played.
It is evident that a similar apparatus may be made to score the games of bagatelle,
cricket, or other games.
PROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF, AND IN APPARATUS FOR, SPINNING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hollingworth at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the Sth April 1876.
**IM-
JAMES HOLLINGWORTH, of Dobcross, in the County of York, Machinist.
PROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF, AND IN APPARATUS FOR, SPINNING WOOL AND
OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
My Invention relates principally to the spinning of woolen yarn, but is also
applicable in the manufacture of yarn from other fibrous materials, as, for example,
my Invention may be applied in the manufacture of candlewick yarn.
Previously to my said Invention the rovings from the condenser have been spun
or twisted singly to form the yarn.
According to my said Invention I twist two or more rovings together in the
process of spinning performed by the mule or spinning frame. The mule or frame is
supplied with an additional number of bobbins, containing the rovings produced by
the condenser, and two or more rovings are spun together to form each yarn. I
consider two rovings to be a suitable number to combine together in the formation
of each yarn.
The mule or frame is fitted with additional stands to carry the
additional bobbins, and in case the surface drums are not sufficiently large to carry
two bobbins to cach drum, the mule or frame is fitted with additional drums to
carry the added bobbins. The rovings combined together in each yarn may be of
the same colour, or of different colours.
The yarn so produced is stronger than yarn spun from a single roving, and is
also better adapted for certain uses.
THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE USUAL METHOD OF SUSPENDING, RAISING, AND LOWERING VENETIAN BLINDS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick James Costa at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st November 1876.
FREDERICK JAMES COSTA, of Thornhill Road, Barnsbury, in the County of Middle-
sex. "THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE USUAL METHOD OF SUSPENDING, RAISING, AND
LOWERING VENETIAN BLINDS."
The main feature of this Invention consists simply in adding an extra set of cords
to the ordinary Venetian blind for the purpose of enabling such as may desire it to
raise the blind and collect the laths from midway, or a few inches above or below
midway, instead of from the lower extremity of the blind only, so that when the
blind is raised to the desired height the laths will be collected together at the upper
extremity of the blind instead of at the lower as usual, and at the same time
retaining the facility of raising the blind in the usual manner when desired as
heretofore.
In fixing these extra cords I so arrange them that they run close by the side of
the ordinary cords, through the same apertures, slightly enlarged, to admit of their
free passage.
To accomplish this I substitute in the place of the ordinary pulley wheels im-
mediately above the tapes two pulley wheels in place of each of the ordinary ones,
diagonally mounted one above the other; the upper pulley I prefer to be smaller,
although this is not necessary. Also I prefer them to be inade of metal and mounted
in a metal frame before fixed to the pulley board, which is also not necessary.
At the end of the pulley board I fix twice the number of ordinary pulley wheels to
convey the cords.
'
I attach the ends of the extra cords to the blind midway, or a little above or
below midway, in the following manner :-I fix to the end of the said cords a metal
pulley with a transverse bar fixed to it to check it from passing through the aper-
tures which the cords run through when drawn upwards, and thus collect the laths
above it as it ascends; and over the said pulley wheel attached to the end of the
cord I pass a thinner piece of cord a little longer than the width of the lath, one-
end of which I attach (directly or indirectly) to one of the vertical tapes, and the
other end to the opposite vertical tape. This manoeuvre facilitates the process of
reversing the laths for the purpose of letting in and shutting out the light.

page_text: The pulley wheels attached to the end of the cord I would mention are not
decidedly necessary, as the cords can be made to pass over only the axis intended for
the pulley wheels to revolve on instead of over the pulleys themselves. This
arrangement might be prefered by some as it causes the shifting of the laths to be
effected more steadily.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest Posselt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd December 1876.
ERNEST POSSELT, of the Firm of E. Posselt and Co., of Chapel Lane, Bradford, in
the County of York, Merchants. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
WOVEN FABRICS."
My improvements consist in the manufacture of woven fabrics in which gold,
silver, or metal threads, or threads made of woollen or animal fibres covered or
partly covered with gold, silver, or metal threads are employed in such a manner
that they can afterwards be dyed or finished without affecting the metal threads.
Heretofore in the manufacture of such class of fabrics gold, silver, or other metal
threads have only been employed in fabrics which required no subsequent dyeing
or finishing, and the object of my Invention is the manufacture of such fabrics in
such a manner that they can be afterwards dyed and finished without affecting the
gold, silver, or metal threads.
To carry out my Invention I employ, by preference, woollen or animal fibre
threads which are specially spun, that is to say, spun so as to produce a soft and
elastic thread or threads, over which are afterwards spun threads of gold, silver,
copper, or any other suitable metal. These metal threads cover or only partly cover
the specially spun threads, and by the elasticity they possess prevent the breaking
or contracting of the fabrics when they have been dyed and finished. The threads
covered with the metal threads are woven in the fabrics in any suituble design or
figure in the usual manner, and when the fabrics are dyed the metal threads resist
the action of the dyeing material, producing rich designs on the fabrics of gold,
silver, copper, or other metals, such designs having heretofore only been produced on
fabrics which require no subsequent dyeing.
Threads of gold, silver, or of any other suitable metal may be employed, but I
employ, by preference, the woollen or animal fibre threads covered or partly covered
with metal threads.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE-SHOES AND ATTACHMENTS THEREFOR
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Lee at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd December 1876.
CHARLES LEE, of Brook Road, Upper Clapton, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE-SHOES AND ATTACHMENTS THEREFOR"
The object of the Invention is to provide shoes to be put under the ordinary
shoes of horses or hoofs in lieu of the common custom of roughing, and by this
means to cause a firm foothold on steep and slippery asphalte and other roadways,
and in a great measure render avoidable the detention and many accidents that
occur under the present system by reason of such slipperyness and want of firm foot-
hold. Such shoes may also be used for the cure or prevention of sickness in horses
by keeping the feet warm and dry, and may be used with advantage in the case of
horses being turned out to grass and in other cases. For this purpose I make,
preferably in one piece, by means of a mould or otherwise of vulcanized or other
kind of india-rubber or of elastic or combination of clastic materials, shoes of the
following shape:-The under part on which bears the metal shoe consists of a
horizontal band or strip of any requisite width or thickness, the area of the same
being equal to and coinciding with that of the metal shoe except when this latter
may have projecting pieces of metal, as is often the case with the hind shoes, when
the elastic strip or band would be left open to allow of such projections passing
through without bearing on the said strip or band. The remaining portion of the
lastic shoe consists in the raised edge or border of the said horizontal strip, which
in circumscribing the hoof of the horse serves for attachment to and is drawn on
and fits the same. These elastic horse-shoes may be readily drawn on and off as
may be necessary in the course of a journey.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES OR OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES, AND IN THE METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR SECURING THE SAME ON THE NECKS OF THE BOTTLES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Jowett and Charles Rushworth
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th August 1876.
GEORGE JOWETT and CHARLES RUSHWORTH, both of Sowerby Bridge, in the County
of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES OR OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES,
AND IN THE METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR SECURING THE SAME ON THE NECKS OF
THE BOTTLES."
This Invention relates to and is applicable for those kind of bottles which have
inclined planes formed on the outside of the necks for the purpose of securing the
stoppers inside the necks adjustably and securely. Heretofore stoppers which have
been employed with these kind of bottles have upon being released from exercising
pressure or stoppering the bottle been removed entirely away from the bottle, no
connection securing them thereto, so that the stoppers were very liable to be broken
or lost,
Now our improvements consist in forming the stopper of metal or other suitable
substance, so that it has a projection or nozzle which fits in the neck of the bottle,
and upon which is placed cork, india-rubber, or other suitable substance, for the
purpose of obtaining a firm "seating," and in combination with this outward lugs
or arms extend downward on the outside of the neck of the bottle, and at the
bottom of these or other suitable part we attach an annular ring, upon which in the
inside we place pieces or slides (or this ring may be made with the other parts of
the stopper) which take underneath the inclined planes before mentioned, and by a
partial turn or twist of the whole stopper a nicety of adjustment is obtained in the
inside of the neck.
•
When it is required to remove the stopper from the inside of the bottle it is
turned back to one extent of the inclined planes, where a groove is formed on each
side for the purpose of allowing the pieces or slides before alluded to to slide,
provision being made so that they slide just far enough to allow the inward
projection to come out of the neck, and not allow the stopper to be taken away from
the bottle as heretofore, the annular ring also retaining it on the neck of the bottle,
if it should fall on to the narrow or smaller part of it.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE FOR UPROOTING AND SHAWING TURNIPS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Dewar and Alexander Crichton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th August 1876.
WILLIAM DEWAR, of Kollas, in the County of Forfar, North Britain, and
ALEXANDER CRICHTON, of Kinnochtry, Coupar Angus, in the County of Perth,
North Britain. "A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE FOR UPROOTING AND SHAWING
TURNIPS."
This Invention which relates to improvements in uprooting and shawing turnips
has for its objects to effect the same in a more efficient and rapid manner than has
hitherto been done. It consists in an arrangement of pulleys in the framing of the
machine having an endless chain or belt travelling over them, which chain or belt
is when the machine is in operation on a level with the "shaws" or leaves of the
turnips, and these are laid over on to the said chain or belt and caught between it
and the periphery of one of the pulleys. The turnips are thus uprooted and carried
round the said pulley to where they are met by a knife or cutter actuated from the
axle of the said pulley, and the shaws or leaves are cut off from the bulbs, which
latter are then ready to be collected. The roots of the bulbs are cut off by contact
with a knife conveniently placed for the purpose, and a brush is made to bear on
the bulbs in their passage round the pulley for the purpose of dislodging any
adhering earth.
If desired an elevator may be attached to the frame, whereby the turnips may be
discharged into a cart or other receptacle.
The rate or direction of motion of the chain or belt may be regulated as desired,
and the tension governed by a spring.