matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR EXCAVATING EARTH AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, SUCH INVENTION BEING ALSO APPLICABLE FOR LOADING THE SAME INTO WAGONS OR OTHER RECEPTACLES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Whitaker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th June 1876.
ROBERT WHITAKER, of Skipton, in the County of York. "AN IMPROVED MEANS
OR APPARATUS FOR EXCAVATING EARTH AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, SUCH INVENTION
BEING ALSO APPLICABLE FOR LOADING THE SAME INTO WAGONS OR OTHER
RECEPTACLES."
My Invention consists of an improved means or apparatus for excavating earth
or other substances, such as sand, loose coals, and the like, and for loading the
same into wagons or other receptacles, and is as hereafter described.
I provide a bogie or carriage on which is mounted a table to which when
required is imparted a rotary motion for purposes herein-after described. The
required motion being imparted thereto through suitable gearing from an engine
which may be fixed on the top of the table; the boiler also for supplying the
engine with steam is placed on the table and in the centre, or as near as possible
thereto as is practicable. I also provide framework which is fitted so as to slide
freely in suitable bearings on the table. At one or each end of the framework,
and in suitable bearings thereon, is mounted a scoop, having on its outer edges
teeth. To each scoop may be imparted a continuous rotary motion or a radial
reciprocating motion. These scoops are caused to work their way into the soil or
other substance by means of this radial reciprocating motion or continuous rotary
motion, and are fed up to their work as they clear their way by means of the
sliding framework, motion being given thereto through suitable gearing from
the herein-before mentioned engine on the table. When the scoop has gone to
the required depth into the earth or other substance it becomes filled with the
same, when it is withdrawn by means of the reversed motion of the sliding frame-
work. When withdrawn clear of the earth or other substance, the table carrying
the framework is caused to revolve, carrying the scoop round with it, after revolving
round the required distance a rotary motion may be given to the scoop, whereby
the earth contained therein is upset into a wagon or other receptacle, after which
the table may be caused to revolve again, bring the scoop again into position for
another operation. I by preference, in order to reverse or set in motion the scoop,
use frictional clutches between the gearing, also in connection with the gearing, for
imparting the required motion to the sliding framework in order to prevent too
[Price 2d.1

page_text: great a strain on the machinery in coming in contact with hard substances. The
clutch required for throwing out of gear the table may be, when preferred, the
ordinary tooth clutch. When required, the bogie carrying the apparatus herein-
before described may be caused to travel, motion being imparted thereto from the
herein-before mentioned engine through suitable gearing.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN SASHI FASTENINGS AND OTHER ARTICLES OF A SIMILAR NATURE
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Greenwood at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th July 1876.
JAMES GREENWOOD, of Holloway, in the County of Middlesex, Journalist. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN SASHI FASTENINGS AND OTHER ARTICLES OF A SIMILAR NATURE."
This Invention consists of two separate parts, a socket to receive a bolt for fixing
in the top sash, and a box, the bolt, and its appurtenances for fixing in or on to
the bottom sash bar.
The bolt socket is fitted with a dropping bar working loosely in slots, and con-
nected with an outer stud, pin, or ring. The box for the bottoin sash bar contains
besides the bolt a lever bar; both are governed by a spiral or other spring. The
lever bar has a stud head, the front of which when the bolt is out of use projects
between the top and bottom sash bars; the other end of the lever bar is wedge-
shaped and emerges through a slot, and is made to lift a movable latch piece when
pressure is applied against the stud head. The bolt has in its upper face a notch,
into which when it is shot home the before-mentioned dropping bar falls of its own
action, thus holding the sashes together and enhancing the security of the fastening.
To the extremity of the bolt shaft, which is towards the room, a ring or other handle
is attached. When it is desired to open the sash the back stud which governs the
dropping bar must be raised while the ring in front is drawn forward, when the
bolt shaft will be caught and held in reserve by the latch piece, which falls into a
notch in the upper face of the bolt shaft. The sash is now unbolted and may with
impunity be raised or lowered; when the sash is closed again pressure is brought
to bear against the stud head of the lever bar, which raises the latch piece and
releases the bolt, which then shoots into its socket and the sash is bolted.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN PINS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th April 1876. A. communication
from abroad by Harry Mann Jenkins and Henry Balis, both of the City,
County, and State of New York, United States of America.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN PINS."
This Invention has reference to improvements in the common dress pins in general
use by which their application is facilitated, and the pin point made stronger, and
the Invention consists in making the pins with tapering points of triangular or
polygonal cross section in place of the ordinary round tapering points. This angular
point is obtained by a grinding process in a manner similar to the pointing of the
common pins, with the difference that the cutters or grinders are set to the pin.
The tapering point of the pin may be of triangular or polygonal cross section as
desired, so that cutting edges or blades are formed that admit the easier piercing of
the fabrics, and increase also the strength of the point, furnishing a knife point of
greater resistance than it has been hitherto possible to impart to the common pin.
The annoying blunting of the pin ends, which is of such frequent occurence
and renders the pins useless, is also avoided, and a pin of superior quality is ob-
tained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RINK SKATÉS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Joseph Geoghegan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th March 1876.
WILLIAM JOSEPH GEOGHEGAN, of Thurlow Road, Hampstead, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN RINK SKATÉS."
This Invention relates to improvements in rink skates, and consists in attaching
to the foot board a plate which has an up-and-down motion imparted to it under
the action of a spring arranged between the plate and the foot board, which
spring or springs hold the two together. Between this plate and another plate at
a short distance from it I fit a couple of spheres so as to hold them loosely in
position, and yet prevent them falling out when the skate is handled.
The spheres, which I prefer should be of polished steel, have from the pressure
of the foot a tendency to rise and come into contact with the lower plate of the
foot board.
The springs can in some cases be dispensed with, and then the foot board would
consist of one plate or board only.
AN IMPROVED SKATING RINK
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles William Bradshaw at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th February 1876.
CHARLES WILLIAM BRADSHAW, of Smallheath, in the County of Warwick,
Asphalte Contractor. "AN IMPROVED SKATING RINK."
The object of this Invention is by the means herein-after explained so to construct
a skating rink that it may have either the usual asphalte surface, which may be
used for the roller skate, or, when required, and the opportunity presents itself, a
liquid surface, which when frozen may be used for the ordinary ice skate.
There is provided, according to my Invention, an asphalte surface of any convenient
size and shape, the rink being of the ordinary kind, except that its sides are enclosed,
so that when the rink is flooded with water as herein-after described to a proper
depth it may be retained therein.
Towards the centre of the rink I provide a moveable cover, which when in
position forms part of the ordinary asphalte flooring, but which is capable of being
removed at pleasure, and which when removed and the water is turned on allows
a stream of liquid to be introduced upon the surface of the asphalte flooring by a
proper system of pipes provided.
Thus, ordinarily, the rink would form the customary asphalte flooring for the
wheel skate, but in sufficiently cold weather water may be introduced upon this
flooring by the means herein-before described, and ice being formed the same rink
may be used for the ice skate.
I prefer that the moveable cover in the middle of the rink before spoken of shall
be perforated, for my rink being adapted mostly to out-of-door operations, any rain
which may fall is in this manner allowed to run off through a waste pipe or pipes
provided, and the surface of the rink is thus kept dry.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PACKING AND STORING OF PERFUMES AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES FOR USE, AND IN THE RECEPTACLES THEREFOR."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Laidman Parker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th December 1876.
THOMAS LAIDMAN PARKER, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North Britain.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PACKING AND STORING OF PERFUMES AND OTHER SIMILAR
ARTICLES FOR USE, AND IN THE RECEPTACLES THEREFOR."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the packing and storing of
perfumes, such as volatile oils, essences, and other similar articles, by providing a
receptacle therefor, which will allow both of the free inflow of the volatile oil
essence or other similar article, and also of the diffusion of the perfume given off
thereby without permitting the volatile oil or other fluid to come into direct contact
with, or to be wholly or partially absorbed in its fluid state by the object or article
to be perfumed, thus not only avoiding all waste of perfume, but also preserving
delicate fabrics from injury through any injurious ingredients which may exist in
the volatile oils or other fluids giving off perfume or odour.
The receptacle consists of an outer envelope of thin sheet metal or other suitable
material, which may either be perforated, or is of itself sufficiently porous to permit
the inflow of the volatile oil or essence, and the escape of perfume through the per-
forations or pores. This envelope may be spherical, oval, square, or of any other
form desired. Within it is placed a piece of sponge or other porous substance or
composition capable of being saturated with liquid, and of holding the same in
suspension till given off in liquid or vapour.
The volatile oil, essence, or other material is then introduced by any suitablo
means into the receptacle through the perforated envelope containing the sponge or
other porous body or compound.
The receptacle, when so charged and prepared, may then be placed in the pocket
for scenting the handkerchief, or in drawers of wardrobes, linen chests, and other
repositories of fabrics for scenting the contents, and an agreeable perfume is
thus diffused at the same time that all injury to the fabrics to be perfumed is
avoided.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Butterworth, William Dickinson,
and Christopher Catlow at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
8th June 1876.
JOHN BUTTERWORTH and WILLIAM DICKINSON, both of Burnley, in the County
of Lancaster, Machine Makers, and Christopher CATLOW, of the saine Place,
Overlooker "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
This Invention relates-
Firstly. To an improved combination of mechanism for stopping the loom when
the shuttle fails to box properly, and also when there is too much strain upon or
tightness of the warp.
Secondly. To an improved apparatus designed for preventing the shuttle "
or being thrown out of the "race."
"Hying,"
Thirdly. To an improved combination of mechanism for regulating the tension
on the warp beam, that is to say, an improved weighting motion.
For stopping the loom when the shuttle fails to box, we employ an ordinary stop
rod, a swell, and a frog, the latter is connected by a bar with the upper portion of
the vibrator over which the yarn passes. When the shuttle fails to box the tongue
of the stop rod engages with the frog and forces the latter forward, the bar con-
nected with the vibrator turns the latter upon its lower shaft or fulcrum and so
ensures the paying off of the necessary quantity or length of yarn to prevent
breakage, and at the same time a finger connected with the front part of the
advancing frog acts upon and pushes off the spring stop handle and the notion of
the loom ceases; on the crank passing over its centre of motion the warp and the
whole of the parts of the loom mechanisin referred to resume their proper position.
For keeping the temple up to the fell of the cloth, and preventing its working
back when the cloth is taken up, there is a light spring connected with the temple,
and which spring we connect with the slay beam by means of a strap, the latter
keeps the temple up but should the shuttle be caught the temple moves back readily.
A break may be employed in connection with the combination above described,
and which combination is designed for "fast reed" looms. When there is too
much strain or tension on the yarn the vibrator moves forward, whereon the pro-
jecting finger on the frog reaches the spring handle and knocks it off stopping the
loom.
This latter improvement is applicable to looms generally, but in a loose reed
loom the frog would not be requisite, the bar connected to the vibrator at one end
would at its other end be provided with a finger for knocking off the spring handle.
[Price 2d 1

page_text: For preventing the shuttle flying out we secure to the under side of the slay
cap pendent vanes or fingers which pass through the warp, and under these vanes
or fingers the shuttle passes, these prevent the shuttle juinping during its passage
across the race.
The weighting motion consists of a T lever placed thus, its horizontal arm is 5
acted upon by means of another lever and weight, or the weight may be applied
directly to the horizontal arm, or a pin in the end of the latter may be received
within an adjusting scroll.
LMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Whitaker and William Thomas
Turner at the Office of the Cominissioners of Patents on the 29th December
1876.
JAMES WHITAKER, of 38, Campbell Street, Bowling Back Lane, Bradford, in the
County of York, and WILLIAM THOMAS TURNER, of 71, Finchley New Road, South
Hampstead, in the County of Middlesex. "LMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE
POWER."
This Invention has for its object improvements in obtaining motive power. For
this purpose we employ hydraulic apparatus consisting of a wheel mounted upon
an horizontal axis. The wheel is enclosed in a casing and has at its periphery
radial float boards or partitions fitting the casing closely. By means of pumps
water is forced into the casing at one point of the periphery and entering between
the float boards or partitions it propels the wheel until it reaches another point in
the periphery where the water finds an exit and returns to the cistern from which
it was drawn by the pumps. In order to start the machine a hand pump may be
employed, but the pumps which supply it when at work are driven by spur gearing
from the axis of the wheel, aided it may be, if desired, by the continued use of the
hand pump. If necessary it may be aided by a small power of steam.
This machine may be employed to drive other machinery and for all purposes for
which steam engines are now commonly employed.
The apparatus has the further advantage of requiring no foundation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CON- VERTING VESSELS EMPLOYED FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MALLEABLE IRON OR STEEL
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Adams Freeston at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th August 1876
THOMAS ADAMS FREESTON, of No. 192, High Street, Attercliffe, Sheffield, in the
County of York, Steel Maker. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CON-
VERTING VESSELS EMPLOYED FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MALLEABLE IRON OR STEEL."
My Invention has reference to the mode of constructing the lower part of
converting vessels employed for the production of malleable iron or steel by what is
known as the Bessemer process
Hitherto the arrangement in the vessels for the introduction of streams of air
into the same as required has consisted of fire-clay tuyeres of a nearly cylindrical
form inserted in the lining of the lower part of the vessel, such tuyeres being slightly
tapered at the lower end, in order to render them capable of resisting the pressure
to which they are exposed.
Now my Invention consists in dispensing with the use of such inserted tuyeres by
forming in the lining of the vessel itself suitable perforations, through which the
said streams of air are intended to be forced by the ordinary means.
These per-
forations are formed in the "ganister" or other material, of which the said lining is
composed by inserting therein tapered pins or plugs of metal, or wood, or other
substance, and ramming the "ganister" or other material firmly round them.
These pins or plugs are allowed to remain embedded in the "ganister" lining or
lining of other material until it becomes thoroughly dried, either naturally by
exposure to the atmosphere, or artificially by being baked in a stove or otherwise,
after which they are removed, leaving suitable perforations in the said lining.
"
In order to secure the "ganister" lining or lining of other material to the bottom
plate, metallic studs are employed of a conical or other suitable forin, adapted for.
fastening the "ganister" lining or lining of other material and metal bottom plate
together as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BAG LOCKS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Person at the Office of the
Commissioner of Patents on the 24th March 1876.
LOUIS PERSON, Bag Frame Maker, of No. 14, Hawthorn Street, Balls Pond Road,
London, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BAG LOCKS."
I construct a bag lock, which consists of a metal box containing two pins
rivetted or fastened by other means to the bottom part of this box. These two
pins are surrounded by spiral springs. The top layer of this metal box has an
opening either round, oval, or any other shape, which opening is surrounded by a
ring, and through which passes the nozzle belonging to the said lock. This nozzle
as soon as it is within the box has a plate attached, which plate holds the catches
which have to catch the staple, an independent part of the said lock. The novelty
now is that the keyhole is in the front or in the side of the nozzle instead of in the
top of the nozzle as is usual with this kind of lock; and the novelty further
consists in the construction of the lock itself. Whereas in other similar locks the
bolts & contrivances which effect the opening or closing of a lock are contained
within the metal boxes, these bolts, etc. are contained within the nozzle of my lock,
and the action of the bolt of my Invention appears outside the lock or box instead
of inside, as by turning the key the bolt is shot through the opening in the ring
surrounding the nozzle hole, and so prevents the nozzle from being pressed
downwards.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR BREAKING, CRUSHING, AND GRINDING STONES, ORES, MINERALS, AND CEMENTS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Conrad Cole at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th August 1876.
JAMES CONRAD COLE, Civil Engineer, of 260, Strand, London, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR BREAKING, CRUSHING, AND
GRINDING STONES, ORES, MINERALS, AND CEMENTS."
The first part of my Invention consists in an improvement on the form of stone
breaker known as "Blake's Patent" (dated June the Fourteenth, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-eight, and numbered One thousand three hundred and forty-
six), and which improvement is effected by mounting the moving ram head or
breaker directly on or forming it in one piece with the eccentric case, and in pro-
viding the ram head with projections moving in slides so as to direct the thrust
horizontally or at such angle as may be desired from the eccentric shaft. By this
means the required motion is given to the ram directly and without the interven-
tion of any knuckle joint arrangement, thus saving parts, size, and weight in the
inachine.
The second part of my Invention consists in constructing the discs of cast-iron
mills or triturators altogether of chilled cast iron, and leaving in said discs such
narrow grooves of such shape and arranged in such directions and filled with such
cement as shall be found suitable for grinding the material to be operated upon.
The improvement consists in thus forming the lands of the discs solid with the discs,
and not by means of many movable strips fixed or cemented into wide grooves as
has heretofore been practised.
PROVED INTERNAL REVERSIBLE STOPPERS FOR AËRATED OR GASEOUS LIQUIDS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Lewis at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th August 1870.
THOMAS LEWIS, of Aberdare, South Wales, Aërated Water Manufacturer.
PROVED INTERNAL REVERSIBLE STOPPERS FOR AËRATED OR GASEOUS LIQUIDS."
" IM-
This Invention has for its object improvements in internal stoppers for aerated
or gaseous liquids, similar in construction to those described by Barrett and Elers in
their Specification, No. 3484, A.D. 1871.
I construct internal stoppers of wood or other hard material or substance of
such shape as to drop loosely into the neck of the bottle, generally the shape would
by cylindrical. At the centre of its length I form a groove around the cylinder
to receive an india-rubber ring of sufficient size to more than fill the neck of the
bottle. Through the centre of the stopper I form a round hole into which I put
a double-headed valve, the stem or stalk of the double valve is flattened or recessed
on one or more parts of its circumference the whole length, so as to allow a clear
space or spaces between the valve stalk and the inside of the hole in the stopper
for the escape of the gas, this valve is constructed with one moveable head, and the
stalk or stem is longer than the stopper so as to allow room for an india-rubber
ring to be stretched on to the stem under the head at each end of the double valve,
and also sufficient room for freedom of movement backwards and forwards, and thus
both ends of the stopper would be alike for practical use, so that the stopper
could not come into the neck of the bottle wrong end first. The internal force of
the gas would force the stopper to the neck of the bottle, and the india-rubber ring
outside the stopper would prevent the stopper being forced out, and likewise the
internal pressure would force one of the valve heads against the ring at that inner
end of the stopper. The gas would escape by the side of the stem or stalk when
the double-headed valve was pressed inwards.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GARDEN OR HORTICULTURAL SYRINGES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Frederick Sheath at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th February 1876.
GEORGE FREDERICK SHEATH, of the Firm of Sheath Brothers, of City Road, in
the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GARDEN OR HORTICULTURAL
SYRINGES."
The Invention has for its object improvements in garden or horticultural syringes,
whereby without the removal of any of the parts a single jet or a shower may be
obtained by simply turning the syringe in the hand. For this purpose I form two
separate chambers in the rose, one for the single jet the other for the shower. Each
chamber is provided with a seat for a ball valve, and these chambers are connected
together by a channel, in which the ball can run from one valve seat to the
other. The jet chamber is provided with a nozzle or jet tube which passes through
the centre of the rose, and around such jet tube is a circle of holes independent of
the shower holes to facilitate the free admission of water to the syringe.. These
holes are provided with an india-rubber valve on the inside to close them when
forcing water out of the syringe, but which allows a free passage therethrough
when drawing water into the syringe. When the ball is on the jet seat the passage
through the jet tube is closed and a shower will be thrown from the syringe, but by
simply turning over the syringe the ball will be caused to run from the jet seat and
cover the seat of the shower chamber, when a jet will be thrown.
A CERTAIN NEW AND USEFUL IMPROVEMENT IN FRYING PANS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th December 1876. A communication
by James Edgar and Alfred Bardell, both of New York, United States of
America, Manufacturers.
HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign-Patent Offices, 18,
Rue de la Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, France, and 6, Piccadilly, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent. "A CERTAIN NEW AND USEFUL IMPROVEMENT IN
FRYING PANS." A communication by James Edgar and Alfred Bardell, both of
New York, United States of America, Manufacturers.
This Invention consists in a frying pan which together with its handle is stamped
out of one piece of sheet metal, the handle being strengthened at its junction with.
the bowl by vertical flanges, so that a frying pan is obtained, which is light,
durable, easily cleaned, and not liable to leak.
If the handle as hitherto is secured to the bowl by means of rivets, the rivets
sometimes do not fit their holes perfectly tight, so that particularly when the pan is
heated melted fat contained therein passes through said rivet holes, and thereby the
fat is caused to ignite. Besides this impurities are liable to lodge between the
handle and the bowl at the point of their junction, and it is exceedingly difficult to
keep a frying pan of this description clean.
By means of this Invention a frying pan is obtained, the interior and exterior
surfaces of which are perfectly smooth (there being no rivets required for securing
the handle), so that the same can be easily cleaned.
AN IMPROVED TIP FOR BILLIARD AND BAGATELLE CUES, AND AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR FASTENING AND FIXING THE SAME, APPLICABLE ALSO TO TIPS AND CUES NOW IN USE
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Speller at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th March 1876.
HENRY SPELLER, of Number 3, Seymour Street, Euston Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Billiard and Bagatelle Cue Maker. "AN IMPROVED TIP FOR BILLIARD
AND BAGATELLE CUES, AND AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR FASTENING AND FIXING THE
SAME, APPLICABLE ALSO TO TIPS AND CUES NOW IN USE."
The Invention consists of the application, employment, or use of one piece of
leather forming the tip of the cue, which is fastened or screwed on to a band or
ferrule made with or without a thread. It is then fastened or screwed on to a
shoulder made on the cue. In fastening or screwing the leather to the band or
ferrule, and in fixing the same on to the shoulder of the cue, cement or other
adhesive substances may be used.
The Invention is also applicable to tips and cues now in use.
PADS FOR WRITING DESKS AND SIMILAR USES."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Abbay at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th October 1876.
RICHARD ABBAY, of Ouseburn, in the County of York.
PADS FOR WRITING DESKS AND SIMILAR USES."
"IMPROVED SLABS OR
My Invention has for its object an advantageous arrangement for warming the
pads or slabs of writing desks during the winter season, whereby an agreeable and
uniform temperature is maintained upon the surface on which the hand rests whilst
writing, drawing, or otherwise, and consists in constructing the said pads of papier
mache or other slow heat conducting material, so that the warmth from the heated
body upon which the slabs or pads rest shall circulate or flow slowly through the
same; in connection with which a case or jacket is employed mounted within a
suitable frame for supplying heat thereto from boiling water, jets of gas flame,
lamps, or other heating substances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Pearn and Sinclair Pearn at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd October 1876.
FRANK PEARN and SINCLAIR PEARN, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM ENGINES
AND BOILERS."
Our Invention refers more particularly to engines and boilers of small sizes, and
consists in casting the boiler with all the preparations for the fittings, fire-door,
mud holes, and other parts in one piece of metal known as malleable cast iron; the
cylinder for the engine, the brackets for the guide of the piston rod, and the brackets
for the bearings of the crank shaft being also cast on and forming one pieco with
the boiler.
When cast the casting is annealled by the ordinary process of making malleable
cast iron. The casting. then only requires drilling and screwing for taps, valves,
and mountings, and the cylinder and other parts to be bored and planed to receive
the other parts of the engine.
In some cases parts of boiler may be cast separately from the shell of the
boiler; and in some cases all the parts of the engine above named may be cast on
the shell except the steam cylinder, which may be bolted on a bracket cast on the
shell of the boiler to receive it.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN UMBRELLAS AND WALKING STICKS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Grant at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th May 1870.
GEORGE GRANT, of Glasgow, in the Counties of Lanark and Renfrew, North
Britain. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN UMBRELLAS AND WALKING STICKS."
.
This Invention, which relates to an improvement in umbrellas and walking
sticks, has for its object to render the same capable of carrying a pipe, and thereby
avoiding the necessity of a pipe case or of carrying a pipe loosely in the pocket, us
at present.
The Invention consists in hollowing out the upper or larger part of umbrella
handles or walking sticks, and making the hollow of such a shape and size as to
contain a pipe. On the hollow so formed a lid attached to the umbrella or walking
stick closes, it being attached to the umbrella handle or walking stick by a hinge
or equivalent joint, and which when shut down completely encloses the pipe.
IN APPARATUS RELATING TO REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Rolling Kirby, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st July 1876.
JOHN ROLLING KIRBY, of Mexbrough, in the County of York.
IN APPARATUS RELATING TO REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES."
"IMPROVEMENTS
My Invention is applicable to such reaping and mowing machines as have their
knives attached to or formed into an endless chain, which knives when working
pass continuously in one direction instead of having a reciprocating motion. I
attach to the back of each knife a foot or cross piece at a right angle or nearly so
with the knife, so that one edge of the foot projects above and the other below the
knife like the head of the letter T. The foot may be made either by rivetting
separate pieces to the knife or by bending a portion of the knife itself upwards and
other portions downwards, or vice versa; and I make the edges of the said foot
pass along grooves or against guides so as to hold the knife in its proper position
whilst cutting the crop. I fix one of the wheels or pullies which carry the endless
chain of knives so as to slide parallel with the motion of the knives when cutting,
and attach a spiral or other spring to it for the purpose of keeping the knives tight.
I also make the knife witli two or more cutting edges, thus making the front
edge much like the under side of the letter W.
I also place the bed board or frame which carries the knives or fingers so as to
be when at work at an angle with the ground over which it passes, rising from
front to back (instead of being parallel with the ground as heretofore) for the pur-
pose of allowing the stubble when cut to clear the knives and fingers more
effectually; and when used in connection with a mowing machine I also employ
a series of revolving rakes attached by arms rigidly to an horizontal axle for
the purpose of removing from the machine the grass or other crop as it falls
over and upon the cutting part of the machine when cut by the endless chain of
knives.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE LIGHTERS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Andrew Comber at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th October 1876.
WILLIAM ANDREW COMBER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE LIGHTERS."
This Invention has for its object the production or construction of a portable fire-
lighter, in which common gas or other similar lighting medium may be used, and
which can be universally used in any fire-grate, or in any position, and it can be
applied to or taken away from the grate without disturbing or disarranging
anything connected with the fire or grate; and I carry out this object in the fol-
lowing manner :-
The fire-lighter consists of a small or convenient sized tube with one solid end, near
to which are several small holes or long thin slots. Into the open end of the tube is
fixed a small short tube with a solid end, through which there is a small aperture;
the outer tube can be made in duplicate or with branches, and to any section or
design, but it is preferred to make it in a straight line, and of the section of the
letter D, with the flat side downwards, and with small bosses on the upper sides for
the small holes before mentioned, or with a projecting lip or lips to protect the slots
from being filled by dust, and with the solid end pointed. The second small tube is
not absolutely necessary, but it is added as a convenient mode of attaching the fire-
lighter to a flexible india-rubber pipe, the other end of which is slipped over the
burner of an ordinary gas chandelier or gas bracket; the gas issues from the small
holes or the thin slots near the solid end of the tube, which is thrust in under the coals
in a fire-grate, and when lighted soon causes them to catch fire, dispensing altogether
with paper or firewood or other fire-lighting composition.
Before reaching the small holes the gas is preferably mixed with air by placing a
hole in the fire-lighter close to the small aperture of the inner tube; where extra
expense is no special consideration, a gas pipe and cock may be brought to the side
of the fire-place on a level with the bottom bars, and the fire-lighter may be con-
nected directly to the pipe by a swivel joint in such a manner that it will swing
round and enter the fire-grate, or a short piece of flexible tube may be used; but I
| Price 2d 1

page_text: do not bind myself to carry out my invention in the exact manner herein described,
nor do I lay any special clain to the utilisation of gas for lighting fires, but the
main feature of my Invention essentially consists of a portable apparatus for
lighting fires, which is independent of any special fixing of pipes or connections, or
any particular adaptation to different shaped grates.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERING BOTTLES OR OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen Walker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th June 1876.
STEPHEN WALKER, Aërated Water Manufacturer, of Shipley, near Bradford, in
the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERING BOTTLES OR OTHER SIMILAR
ARTICLES."
My Invention relates to the closing of bottles containing ale or porter or other
liquids by means of caps instead of corks or stoppers, as ordinarily practised; also
in improved stoppers for bottles containing aërated liquids.
Firstly. For closing bottles containing ale or porter or other like liquids I make
the cap of metal or glass, which is made to screw and unscrew on the neck of the
bottle, the neck being made short; the outside of the cap is made with two
projecting pieces to screw on and off, or the outside is made with curved projections
round the cap to allow of placing the thumb and finger for screwing or unscrewing,
and in the inside of the cap is placed a thin piece of cork or india-rubber to keep
the cap hermetically closed on the bottle.
Secondly. For stoppering bottles containing aërated liquids, I place in the neck of
the bottle an india-rubber ring or washer, the top part being covered with a curved
plate formed on a cap made of metal or glass, the cap is screwed on the neck of
the bottle and firmly fixed by cement.
In the inside of the bottle I place a glass ball, which lodges in the hollow space
of the india-rubber ring or washer by the upward pressure of the gases contained
within the bottle, thus hermetically sealing it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING WOOLLEN AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Thornton, Joseph Thornton,
Albert Thornton, and William Fenton at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents on the 4th April 1876.
JOHN THORNTON, JOSEPH THORNTON, and ALBERT THORNTON, of Cleckheaton, in
the County of York, Machine Makers, and WILLIAM FENTON, of Hightown, near
Cleckheaton, aforesaid, Commercial Traveller. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING
WOOLLEN AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
This Invention has reference to a prior Invention for which Letters Patent were
granted to William Fenton, John Fenton, and Christopher Hutchinson Newsome,
dated January 1st, 1875, No. 14, and our present improvements consist in spinning
directly from a carding engine similar to that described in the Specification of the
Invention above referred to. For this purpose we use ordinary spinning apparatus,
consisting of bobbins, spindles, and flyers, or other equivalents, and drawing rollers
suitably placed with reference to the carding engine, from which the fibres are
taken in strips, and after being twisted or condensed by twist tubes, twist "traps,"
or rubbing leathers, pass through the drawing rollers, and are spun with the same
regularity and evenness as can be derived from the use of "mules."
PROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Houghton and Leonard
Kaberry at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th May 1876.
THOMAS HOUGHTON, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanic, and
LEONARD KABERRY, of the same Place, Manager of Machine Works. LMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS."
"
Our Invention consists in a method of constructing spinning and doubling
machines whereby we are enabled to facilitate the "doffing" of bobbins or other
such surfaces upon which the material has been wound. For this purpose we
mount the bobbins or other such surfaces upon a rail which is capable of being
turned upon axes, and instead of employing the ordinary spindles we suspend the
flyers from a top rail. When the doffing operation is to take place the first-men-
tioned rail is turned upon its axis whereby a filled bobbin or other such surface is
moved downward and another brought to the spinning or doubling position, a bar
or faller having moved forward to bring the flyers to an open position. When the
parts have attained these positions a few turns adapts the thread or threads to the
fresh bobbin or other such surface, and it is then broken from that which is filed
by preventing the turning of the latter or by any suitable severing apparatus.
IN ROLLER SKATES."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Richard Stevens at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th March 1876.
CHARLES RICHARD STEVENS, of Lee, in the County of Kent.
IN ROLLER SKATES."
"IMPROVEMENTS
My Invention relates to improvements in roller skates having four wheels or
rollers disposed in pairs at the toe and heel of the skate as usual, and the Invention
consists in improved mechanism, whereby the roller axles are caused to converge in
order that the rollers may run in a curved line when the sole or stock of the skate
is tilted to one side or the other by the pressure of the foot.
The mechanism by which this lateral rocking or tilting motion of the foot stock
is converted into a swivelling or convergent motion of the roller axles may be thus
described:
The
The bracket by which the axle of each pair of rollers is carried turns on a
vertical axis. This axis is a vertical spindle fitted to turn in a boss on a bracket
or plate carrying a longitudinal axis, on which the foot stock oscillates.
spindle passes through this boss, and has at its upper extremity a cross head, the
two arms of which are acted upon by inclines immediately above them carried by a
plate fixed to the sole or stock of the skate, and participating in its rocking motion.
This latter plate, together with the bracket or plate before referred to, form
together a sort of box, in which the cross head and inclines are contained.
said inclines act upon corresponding inclines on the arms of the cross head (or studs
with friction rollers might be substituted for the one pair of inclines), and springs
are inserted between the two plates to control and regulate the swivelling action
of the rollers, and return them to position after they have been caused to swivel
by the action of the inclines on the cross head.
The
MENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Kaye at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th March 1876.
WILLIAM KAYE, of Huddersfield, in the County of York, Mechanic.
MENTS IN STEAM ENGINES."
" IMPROVE-
This Invention relates to the slide valves employed for admitting and shutting
off the steam from the cylinders of steam engines, and my improvements consist in
constructing the said slide valves in such manner that the amount of steami
admitted may be regulated by altering the valves instead of shutting off the steam
before it enters the steam chest. This I effect by the use of slide valves arranged
separately from one another, and forming right and left handed screws on the valve
spindle; these screws pass through bushes in the valves, and by turning the valvo
spindle (which is formed with a joint for the purpose) the valves may be placed
nearer or further from cach other, and the amount of opening into the cylinder
regulated with the greatest nicety. The cut-off and reversal of the engine may be
effected by the saine means, and by the use of two valves similarly arranged for
closing and opening the exhaust ports; the engine may be worked either upon the
expansion or high-pressure principle.
My Invention also consists in using a cylinder of double the length of the stroke
required, with a partition in the centre and a piston in each partition, both worked
by one piston rod. In the partition is a compression valve communicating with
the exhaust pipe, which is connected to the opposite ends of the cylinder.
I- PROVEMENTS IN STEAM TRAPS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Conlong at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd March 1876.
JAMES CONLONG, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist. "I-
PROVEMENTS IN STEAM TRAPS."
My Invention relates to the apparatus employed to effect the discharge or with-
drawal of water resulting from the condensation of steam in steam pipes, drying
cylinders, heating apparatus, and other steam appliances.
When carrying my said Invention into effect I employ a hollow metal floating
chamber mounted within a vessel or cistern, and formed with a valve seating or
with valve seatings which is or are formed to suit a valve or valves fixed or formed
on a tube which conveys water and steam into the interior of the said float. When
two valves are used a lower valve serves for the discharge of water, and an upper
valve for the discharge of air.
In one arrangement the said tube is secured to the bottom of the said cistern,
and is in communication with a pipe or passage through which the water flows to
the apparatus. The said tube is provided with an upper and a lower valve, the
upper valve being removable. The said float is of a cylindrical or nearly cylindrical
form, or in the form of a cylinder having hemispherical ends, or of any other
suitable form, and has a valve seating secured to or formed in each end. The said
float is placed in position within the cistern and surrounding the said tube, and the
upper valve is secured in position on the upper end of the tube, the arrangement
being such as that when the float sinks the valves are opened, and when the said
float rises the said valves are closed. The said cistern is formed with an overflow
passage, so situated as that the float will be nearly submerged in the water.
When in action the water flows into the float until the weight of contained water
is sufficient to overcome the buoyancy of the float, when the float will sink slightly;
thereby opening the valve to permit the discharge of water.
In another arrangement the lower valve alone is secured to the said tube, the
upper air valve being kept open by means of a spring so long as there is not a
pressure of steam within the float, but closing when the ordinary working pressure
is attained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AFPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING OR COMMUNICATING BETWEEN PASSENGERS AND GUARDS OF RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Newson Dunnell Garrett and William
Agnew Pope at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th
January 1876.
NEWSON DUNNELL GARRETT, of Portsmouth, in the County of Hants, and
WILLIAM AGNEW POPE, of Portland Place, in the County of Middlesex, Merchant.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AFPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING OR COMMUNICATING BETWEEN
PASSENGERS AND GUARDS OF RAILWAY TRAINS."
This Invention relates to a novel arrangement of apparatus whereby passengers
are enabled to signal or communicate with the guards, drivers, or other persons in
charge of trains in motion, and consists in the employment of two hollow frustrums
of cones joined at their smaller ends, in which is inserted at or about their uniting
points a metallic comb, whistle, or other instrument capable of producing sounds by
an induced current of air caused by the motion of the train. These cones which
are arranged horizontally are mounted on a pivot on the roof of the carriage, and
are normally maintained in a position at right angles to the longitudinal axis of
the carriage by means of a rod or other suitable contrivance communicating by
cords and pulleys with the interior of each compartment. When however it is
desired to give a signal the cones are brought into a position in a direct line with
the train by the act of pulling the cords, which releases the rod or other retaining
contrivance before-mentioned, so that the sounding apparatus will by means of the
rapid motion of the air passing through the comb, whistle, or other sounding
medium contained in the interior of the cones be brought into action, and the
guard or other official will be able to see at a glance by the position of the
apparatus the carriage from which the alarm has been given. One of the cones
may be provided with a vane or wing, so as to ensure its being maintained in the
direction of the wind.
An arrangement may also be adopted whereby the turning of the cones will at
the same time effect the rupture of a paper or other diaphragm, or otherwise bring
into action or view a special signal for the purpose of better showing to the
conductors of the train the carriage from which the alarm is given.