Improvements in Wire Drawing Machines.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Aug., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 27th Apr., 1896-Accepted. 30th May. 1896
Improvements in Wire Drawing Machines.
A communication from JEAN MARIE BUISSON, of Villiers (Ain), in the Republic
of France.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex,
Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
-
This invention relates to a
described.
new wire-drawing machine such as hereinafter
This new machine belongs to the class of "continuous" machine, i.e., in which
the metallic wire, to be drawn out, passes without any intermediate stoppage
successively through any desired number of draw-plates, of diminishing diameters.
Upon a suitable frame are fixed two bearings carrying a horizontal or main
shaft whereon are mounted, at one end, fast and loose pulleys. Upon this shaft
are also fixed any desired number of pulleys herein for convenience termed .
drawing pulleys" for drawing the wire, of equal diameter, or preferably of
diameters increasing in graduations according to the nature of the metal to be
worked.
66
There are also provided a number of transmission-pulleys or guide rollers to
guide the wire, which may be mounted either on fixed pivots or on pivots
adjustable by means of rocking levers, carriages or the like, so as to admit
of the equalisation of the tension of the wire at various parts of the machine.
These guide rollers may be located, either all on the same side of the machine or
some on one side and some ou the other.
The draw plates are secured upon suitable supports and their openings decrease
as usual from the first towards the last of them. A driving cone receives the wire.
leaving the machine. This cone may be driven by a half-crossed belt passing
round a pulley on the main shaft or any other suitable means such as spur gearing,
friction-discs or the like.
Just beneath the main shaft is a longitudinal trough containing a lubricating
liquid, such as e.g., soap-suds, with which the drawing pulleys as well as the wire
passing over them, are intended to be constantly moistened.
In lieu of filling the trough with the lubricating liquid, this latter may be supplied
from a higher reservoir, through a pipe located above the shaft, so as to sprinkle
the drawing pulleys, in which case the trough serves simply to collect the fluid,
which may be again pumped up into the reservoir.
For this purpose a pump and reservoir may be conveniently located anywhere
near, and may if desired serve for supplying a series of machines.
The wire unwound from a roller or reel passes first over a guide-pulley, and then
through the first draw-plate makes a turn or two round the, first.. drawing-pulley,
and then round other guide pulleys so as to traverse the second drawplate, and so
on successively until it reaches the last of the drawing pulleys. Thence the wire
passes round the last of the guide. pulleys to the driving cone, which may be
replaced by a winding reel on which the wire is uniformly distributed, by the aid.
of any suitable guiding device..
Between the last of the drawing pulleys and the driving cone or winding reel,
he wire may or may not pass through a suitable additional drawing plate.
}

page_text: As stated above, the drawing pulleys preferably have diameters increasing in
size in suitable proportion from the first to the last of said pulleys; that increase
in diameter corresponds approximately to the increased length of the wire in
passing through each drawing plate; but the circumferential speed of the pulleys
must always be at least equal if not greater than that of the wire at the same point.
The draw-plates being subject to wear, the elongation of the wire cannot be
calculated rigorously; it will therefore be essential to select the diameters of the
drawing pulleys in such manner that their peripheral speed is greater than would
in theory be necessary.
The friction between the wire and the rim of the drawing
pulleys has no injurious action, owing to the lubricating liquid, which constantly
moistens each pulley.
When all the drawing pulleys are of equal diameters their common circumferential
speed must be greater than that at which the wire leaves the machine.
The rim of each drawing pulley may be cylindrical and fitted with two
perpendicular flanges but it is much more preferable that the diameter should vary
slightly throughout its entire width. Thus one may give it the form in section of a
truncated cone or make it slightly convex or concave, and with or without the side
flanges; for practice has shown that rims of slightly variable diameter permit the
complete avoidance of the trouble and annoyance arising from the wire embroiling
or rupturing; and moreover, the wear is minimised as the wire continuously and
automatically shifts laterally.
It is well to remark that drawing pulleys separated by intervals of larger or
smaller size are much more advantageous than a single continuous roller, of no
matter what form, inasmuch as the supervision and the operation of the machine is
very greatly quickened, simplified and facilitated, and the substitution of new for
worn parts can be more economically effected.
Dated this Sixth day of August 1895.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.
A communication from JEAN MARIE BUISSON, of Villieu (Ain), in the Republic
of France.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT, formerly of 323 High Holborn but now of
111 Hatton Garden, in the County of Middlesex, Chartered Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to a new wire-drawing machine such as hereinafter
described.
This new machine belongs to the class of "continuous" machines, i.e. in which
the metallic wire, to be drawn out, passes without any intermediate stoppage
successively through any desired number of draw-plates, of diminishing diameters.
In the accompanying drawings, Figs. 1, 2 and 3 are respectively an elevation,
plan and transverse section of a wire-drawing machine constructed according to this
invention.
Upon a suitable frame B are fixed two bearings P P, carrying a horizontal or
main shaft A whereon are mounted, at one end, fast and loose pulleys F F. Upon
this shaft are also fixed any desired number of pulleys or rollers E1 E2.
E
herein for convenience termed "drawing pulleys" for drawing the wire of equal
diameter, or preferably as shown in the drawings of diameters increasing in
graduations according to the nature of the metal to be worked.

page_text: "
There are also provided a number of transmission-pulleys, or guide-
rollers, pl p2. p" and q¹ 92
q to guide the wire, which may be
mounted either on fixed pivots as shown in the drawings or on pivots adjustable by
means of rocking levers, carriages, or the like so as to admit of the equalisation of
the tension of the wire at various parts of the machine.
These guide-
rollers q' q2
q may be located either as shown in the drawings or on.
the same side of the machine as p² p2. p or some on one side and some-
on the other.
The draw plates f¹ƒ2. f" are secured upon suitable supports S¹ S2.....S",
and their openings decrease as usual from f¹ to f A driving cone C receives the
wire leaving the machine. This cone as represented may be driven by a half-
crossed belt passing round the pulleys K L; or by any other suitable means such
as spur gearing, friction-discs or the like.
Just beneath the main-shaft A is a trough R containing a lubricating liquid,
such as e.g. soap-suds, with which the drawing-pulleys E¹ E2 E as well as the
wire passing over them, are intended to be constantly moistened. Instead of filling
the trough R with the liquid, the latter can be brought from a suitably elevated
tank by a tube T and made to moisten the drawing pulleys, in which case the
trough collects the liquid which is afterwards pumped into the tank. For this
purpose a pump and reservoir (not shown on the drawings) may be conveniently
located anywhere near, and may if desired serve, for supplying a series of
machines.
The wire, unwound from a roller or reel D passes first over a guide-pulley p¹·
and then through the first draw-plate f¹, makes a turn or two round the first
drawing-pulley E¹, and then round the guide-pulleys q¹ p 2, so as to traverse the
second draw-plate f2, and so on successively until it reaches the drawing pulley E
(the last of the set). Thence the wire passes round the guide-pulley 9, to the
driving-cone C, which may be replaced by a winding reel, on which the wire is
uniformly distributed, by the aid of any suitable guiding device.
Between the last drawing pulley E and the driving cone or winding reel C, the
wire may or may not pass through a suitable additional drawing-plate.
As stated above, the drawing pulleys preferably have diameters increasing in
size in suitable proportion from E¹ to E: that increase in diameter must
approximately correspond to the increased length of the wire in passing through.
each drawing-plate; but the circumferential speed of the pulleys must always be
at least equal if not greater than that of the advance of the wire at the same point.
The draw-plates being subject to wear, the elongation of the wire cannot be
calculated rigorously; it will therefore be essential to select the diameters of the
drawing pulleys in such manner that their peripheral speed is greater than would
in theory be necessary. The friction between the wire and the rim of the drawing.
pulleys has no injurious action, owing to the lubricating liquid, which constantly
moistens each pulley.
When all the drawing-pulleys are of equal diameters, their common circum-
ferential speed must be greater than that at which the wire leaves the machine.
The rim of each drawing pulley may be cylindrical and fitted with two
perpendicular flanges as shown in Fig. 4, but it is much more preferable that the
diameter should vary slightly throughout its width. Thus one may either make it
conical or uniformly convex or concave, and with or without the side flanges; for
practice has shown that rims of variable diameter permit the complete avoidance
of the trouble and annoyance arising from the wire fouling, kinking, or rupturing;
and, moreover, the wear is minimised, as the wire shifts laterally.
Figs. 5 to 10 show examples of several such pulleys.
It is well to remark that drawing pulleys separated by intervals of a larger or
smaller size are much more advantageous than single continuous roller, of no matter
what form, inasmuch as the operation of the machine is very greatly quickened
simplified and facilitated, and the substitution of new for worn parts can be more
economically effected.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is ;-
1. A wire-drawing machine having a horizontal shaft carrying drawing pulleys,
of equal diameter or increasing gradually in diameter from one end of the machine
to the other such drawing pulleys being located in front of or opposite the
successive draw-plates and separated from each other by smaller or larger distances
while they are sprinkled with lubricating liquid or themselves rotate in a trough
containing such liquid substantially as described.
2. In a wire-drawing machine such as claimed in Claim 1 the use of drawing
pulleys with or without flanges and the rims of which are conical convex concave
sinusoidal, or otherwise of different diameters throughout their width substantially
as and for the purpose described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
3. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting a complete wire-
drawing machine substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.