IMPROVEMENTS IN 'GULLIES' OR TRAPS FOR PREVENTING THE ESCAPE OF NOXIOUS GASES FROM SEWERS AND DRAINS GENERALLY, WHICH TRAPS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR WATERCLOSETS AND OTHER PLACES WHERE NOXIOUS GASES CAN ESCAPE INTO THE ATMOSPHERE
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Schofield, of Elland, in the County of York,
Ironfounder, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN 'GULLIES' OR TRAPS FOR
PREVENTING THE ESCAPE OF NOXIOUS GASES FROM SEWERS AND DRAINS
GENERALLY, WHICH TRAPS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR WATERCLOSETS AND
OTHER PLACES WHERE NOXIOUS GASES CAN ESCAPE INTO THE ATMOSPHERE."
.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Schofield at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd March 1877.
« IM-
GEORGE SCHOFIELD, of Elland, in the County of York, Ironfounder.
PROVEMENTS IN 'GULLIES' OR TRAPS FOR PREVENTING THE ESCAPE OF NOXIOUS
GASES FROM SEWERS AND DRAINS GENERALLY, WHICH TRAPS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE
FOR WATERCLOSETS AND OTHER PLACES WHERE NOXIOUS GASES CAN ESCAPE INTO
THE ATMOSPHERE."
This Invention has for its object the preventing of the noxious gases confined in
drains, sewers, cesspools, sink pipes, cisterns, and other like places from con-
taminating the atmosphere, and in order to accomplish the same as near as it is
possible to be done I construct my improved "gully" or stench trap in two or
more parts. Suitable packing for the parts to bed upon is employed, the parts are
placed within each other, and one at least of these said parts I make loose, so that
when necessary the other can be cleaned out. I thus have one main gully, with
either one or more smaller internal gullies or traps, and to each of them I affix in
suitable position, so as to allow the flow of the water and sediment therefrom, a
small valve or trap, or valves and traps, with suitable facings, which are hinged so
that the volume of water passing out of the smaller into the larger, or out of the
larger into the drain, will open the respective valves or traps, and when not so
operated upon the valves remain entirely closed.
'

page_text: The gullies are constructed of any suitable size and shape, to suit the convenience
of the street, place, or situation where they are laid in the ground or building; a
ledge or projection is formed in the inside, near the top, for the grate and what I
term the internal gully to rest upon, and this internal gully may be made the same
form as the larger, only shallower and inclined, so that whatever falls into it will
readily pass out at the opening made for the purpose, and at which opening I affix
or hinge a "trap," valve, or flap door, and these "traps," valves, or flap doors I
make by preference of metal, and hinge them with copper wire, as such will not
corrode.
It will be obvious that when water is contained in the larger gulley that I have
virtually three traps when I employ only one internal gully, which the gases would
have to pass before they could escape into the atmosphere, inasmuch as that there
is first, the valve or trap which I apply at or near one or other orifice of a pipe of
the gully which communicates with the main sewer; then there is the water con-
tained in the bottom of the said larger gully; then there is the valve or trap which
is hinged on the smaller internal gully, which latter gully may be fitted in the
frame of the grate if desired, and which not only assists the larger in trapping the
drains or sewers, but is practically a trap to any sediment which may be lying in
the bottom of the larger one. The smaller one I make to lie at an angle or incline,
50 that nothing can accumulate therein, but falls through at the opening of the
valve or valves into the larger underneath; or I may construct my gully or trap
single, and employ only one valve in position at or near one or other orifice of the
pipes which leads to the main sewer, and through which pipo a rod or other suitable
article may be inserted to clean same out without disturbing the street.
By either method the gullies or traps are effectual, whether they be empty and
dry or contain water. I also employ slides to cover the openings of the ventilating
shaft or pipe which communicates with the branch pipes of the sewers or drains.
They may be made of earthenware, iron, or any other suitable material.
In applying my Invention to waterclosets, I place in addition to the present pan
or receiver, another receiver; to the outlet orifice I hinge a trap, valve, or flap door,
which operates or opens by the application of a lever fixed in suitable position,
which lever is first actuated by either the motion of the seat or the pulling of a
connection lever, a flush of water is simultaneously caused to flow, and the pressure
of this and the excreta cause another valve, trap, or flap door which is hinged to the
outlet orifice of the bottom receiver to open, and so empties effectually both re-
ceivers, but should anything remain in the bottom one, the top one "traps
"all
smell from arising therefrom, as in the case of the inner or smaller gully. I form
the receivers with inclines towards the outlets. By this means or method of con-
structing watercloset pans or receivers, a better stoppage of stench is effected than
heretofore in consequence of being double in its action of trapping, and the "traps,"
valves, or flap doors being so arranged as to keep the outlet orifices closed.
In other vessels or receptacles of like nature where stench is required to be pre-
vented I employ similar methods of carrying the Invention out to accomplish the
same.
Another advantage of my improvements is that parts of the same are applicable
to the present gullies of whatever shape or size, and can be fixed without disturbing
the position of the same.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said George Schofield in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 22nd
September 1877.
"IM-
GEORGE SCHOFIELD, of Elland, in the County of York, Ironfounder.
PROVEMENTS IN GULLIES OR TRAPS FOR PREVENTING THE ESCAPE OF NOXIOUS

page_text: GASES FROM SEWERS AND DRAINS GENERALLY, WHICH TRAPS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE
FOR WATERCLOSETS AND OTHER PLACES WHERE NOXIOUS GASES CAN ESCAPE INTO
THE ATMOSPHERE"
This Invention has for its object the preventing of the noxious gases confined in
drains, sewers, cesspools, sink pipes, cisterns, and other like places from con-
taminating the atmosphere; and in order to accomplish the same as near as it is
possible to be done I construct my improved "gully" or stench trap in two or more
parts. Suitable packing for the parts to bed upon is employed; the parts are placed
within each other, and one at least of these said parts I make loose, so that when
necessary the other can be cleaned out. I thus have one main gully, with either one
or more smaller internal gullies or traps, and to each of them I affix in suitable
position, so as to allow the flow of the water and sediment therefrom, a small valve
or trap, or valves and traps, with suitable facings, which are hinged so that the
volume of water passing out of the smaller into the larger, or out of the larger into
the drain, will open the respective valves or traps, and when not so operated upon
the valves remain entirely closed.
It will be obvious that when water is contained in the large gully that I have
virtually three traps when I employ only one internal gully, which the gases would
have to pass before they could escape into the atmosphere, inasmuch as that there is,
first, the valve or trap which I apply at or near one or other orifice of a pipe of the
gully which communicates with the main sewer; then there is the water contained
in the bottom of the said larger gully; then there is the valve or trap which is
hinged on the smaller internal gully, which latter gully may be fitted in the frame
of the grate if desired, and which not only assists the larger in trapping the drains
or sewers, but is practically a trap to any sediment which may be lying in the
bottom of the larger one. The smaller one I make to lie at an angle or incline, so.
that nothing can accumulate therein, but falls through at the opening of the valve
or valves into the larger underneath; or I may construct my gully or trap single,
and employ only one valve in position at or near one or other orifice of the pipes
which leads to the main sewer, and through which pipe a rod or other suitable
article may be inserted to clear same out without disturbing the street.
By either method the gullies or traps are effectual, whether they be empty and
dry or contain water. I also employ slides to cover the openings of the ventilating
shaft or pipe which communicates with the branch pipes of the sewers or drains.
They may be made of earthenware, iron, or any other suitable material.
Another advantage of my improvements is that parts of the same are applicable
to the present gullies of whatever shape or size, and can be fixed without disturbing
the position of the same.
In order that my Invention may be more clearly understood, I have hereunto
annexed one Sheet of Drawings illustrative of the same, and have marked the same
with Figs. and letters of reference, the same letter referring to the corresponding
part in the various views or Figs.
Fig. 1 is view of cross section of line of street representing one of my improved
gullies on each side, with branch pipes communicating to main sewer.
Fig. 2 is also a view in cross section of same, shewing one gully with grate and
top part or first receiver removed, and shewing rod inserted for cleansing out branch
pipes when necessary; the other gully is shewn with branch pipe on for ventilating
sewer or drain.
Fig. 3 is a detail Drawing of top receiver, which is also shewn in plan view at
Fig. 4.
Figs. 5 and 6 shew loose traps and receivers fitted to smaller and different kind
of gullies, which may be constructed, as shewn in Fig. 5, to communicate with pipes
in either direction, one of such communications being for ventilating, if desirable, or
they may be made with blank end, as shewn at Fig. 6.
Fig. 7 shews my method of applying my traps and receivers to sinks, or kitchen
and scullery drain pipes.

page_text: Fig. 8 shews my Invention applied on an ordinary earthenware pipe.
Figs. 9, 10, and 11 are plan views of top grates for the various sizes, as shewn.
Fig. 12 shews my Invention as applied for trapping waterclosets.
A is the main or larger gully; B is the smaller one, or first receiver, which as
will be seen on reference to Fig. 1, is shewn with its trap or valve C open in one of
the gullies represented, and water flowing therefrom into the gully A, which rising
therein opens by its weight and force the trap or valve D which is placed near the
orifice, connecting with branch pipes, the opening of which allows in turn the water
to flow down the branch pipes E into the main sewers F; both the valves or traps C
and D are actuated by the force and weight of the water; G are slides, which can
be removed for either the purpose of ventilating or cleansing the branch pipes. On
the opposite side of Fig. 1 the gully is shewn perfectly trapped, the valve or trap C
of the top or first receiver B being closed, as also the valve or trap D near the orifice
connecting with branch pipes, also the slide G in position. Now it will be obvious
to all practical observers that in such case as here shewn no noxious gas could
penetrate into the atmosphere through such a perfect "trap."
In one of the gullies shewn in Fig. 2 the grate and top receiver B is removed, as
also the slide G, and a rod H is shewn inserted for the purpose of cleaning out
branch pipes. The gully on the opposite side is constructed so as to be a ventilating
gully, as in some cases such are preferred, and as will be seen on reference to the
Drawing I dispense with the valve or traps D and slide G, and employ only the top
receiver with its valve or trap, and construct on the gully A, a short branch pipe J,
which may be connected with a fall pipe or suitable chimney for carrying away the
noxious gases. It will be seen on reference to the detail of the top receiver at Fig. 3
that I make it on an incline, whereby nothing can accumulate therein, and it will
also be seen that this receiver; or inner gully as we might term it, is a practical trap
to the contents of the large gullies A. The smaller and different kind of gullies K,
shewn at Figs. 5 and 6, are fitted with the top or first receivers B, and small valves
or traps C, which operate in same manner as in the large gullies A, as also does the
one fitted in the earthenware pipe shown in Fig. 8.
These applications of my improvements are admirable for kitchen, house, floor,
garden, park, or any small drains, and entirely prevent the noxious gases arising out
therefrom.
It will be observed on referrence to Fig. 7, that by the application of my traps
and valves to "sink" pipes that a great desideratum is acquired. The top receiver a
with its valve or trap b being very effectual in trapping the smell and catching
little bits which are always more or less apt to flow down sink pipes; but for surety
of stopping all stench I employ another receiver c with its valve or trap d, so that a
double trap is hereby obtained; e are flanges shewn as for 2-inch and 3-inch pipes;
fis a pipe which is attached to body of sink trap; g is an opening which can be
used for communication to a ventilating pipe if desired. The whole of the grates
can be cast or made with the top receivers, or separate, as desired. On reference to
Fig. 12, which shews my Invention as applied to waterclosets, it will be seen that I
have also two traps and receivers hereto; the first trap, which is actuated by the
ordinary connecting lever or handle, I make to clasp or fit around (by preference)
the bottom of the first receiver L, around which I place india-rubber or other pliable
substance, thus keeping same better closed, and I also fix another trap M at or near
the bottom of the second receiver N, which is connected to the branch O leading
to main sewer, by which means the stench is prevented from arising into the
atmosphere.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and shewn how the
same may be put into practice, and, as shewn, various inodifications of arrangements
may be made, I would have it understood that what I claim as my Invention and
believe to be new is the construction of gullies or traps for "trapping" and venti-
lating street sewers, house sewers, sink pipes, and watercloset drains, and drains

page_text: generally, substantially as herein illustrated by the accompanying Drawings and
herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Schofield, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twentieth day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
Witness,
W. WHITEHEAD,
Engineer & Patent Agent,
Halifax & Sheffield.
GEORGE SCHOFIELD. (L.S.)