IMPROVEMENTS IN DRY- ING, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREIN
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Ileury Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn
Fields, in the County of Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRY-
ING, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREIN."—A
communication.
Scaled the 13th April 1858, and dated the 18th October 1852.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 18th October 1852.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the
County of Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, do
liereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN DRYING, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREIN,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a series of metal cylinders heated by air or
gas passing directly from the furnace into the first of the series; the
degree of heat is regulated as required for the nature of the materials
to be dried by a small stream of water supplied from a cistern in con-
nexion with the cylinders; as the water constantly revolves with the
cylinder it thus prevents the cylinder over-heating, and equably dis-

page_text: tributes the heat over the whole of the heating surface, thus allowing
the cylinders to be easily adapted to the degree of heat. required for
the particular purpose to which they may be applied. Each cylinder
has a small cock, which provides that at every revolution the water is
run off to the extent required. The cylinders may be rotated by any
suitable mechanism, and the arrangements for admitting the heat and
air to the cylinders may be conveniently modified to suit the require-
ments of the air, gas, or other heating medium admitted.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters l'atent,
filed by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Scal Patent
Office on the 15th April 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, 1,
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, send greeting.
time
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two. in the
sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Ilerself, Her heirs and succes-
sors, give, and grant unto me, the said John Henry Johnson. Her
special license that I, the said John Henry Johnson, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Jolm Henry
Johnson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, usc, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRYING, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
TO BE USED THEREIN," being a communication to me from abroad, upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Henry Johnson,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, and cause the same to

page_text: be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Johnson, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the
Drawings hereunto attached, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon (that is to say):
The said Invention relates to an improved arrangement of machinery,
apparatus. or means to be used for drying any description of fabric,
whether printed or plain, or yarns or other material, and consists of
a cylinder or a series of cylinders so arranged as to receive the flame
and smoke or heated air from any convenient heating apparatus at
one end, whilst at the opposite extremity a thin stream of water is
introduced, which water becoming heated in the cylinders imparts an
even and regular degree of temperature to the entire surface of such
cylinders. The smoke and consumed gases having passed through
each cylinder make their escape by the opposite side to which they
entered, being conducted, by a. side flue to the next cylinder of the
series, which is leated in a similar manner and supplied with a thin
stream of water, as.already described. From this second cylinder the
heat passes to a third, and thence to a fourth; and so on, to as many as
niáy be found necessary, the number of cylinders being regulated accord-
ing to the nature of the fabric or material to be dried. Thus if the
apparatus is to be employed. in connection with the manufacture of
paper, the cylinders are placed parallel to each other, side by side, and
the web, as fast as it is produced, is passed over the cylinders, beginning
with the last or least heated, and then passing on to the succeeding
ones which gradually increase in heat until it arrives at the first, which
is heated directly by the flame of the furnace in direct connection
therewith. One modification of this arrangement is represented in the
Sheet of Drawings hereunto attached. The Figure on that Shect
represents a vertical longitudinal section, through one of a series of
cylinders and the furnace Oné furnace only is employed, since the
flame and heated gases pass from one cylinder to another. Thus the
.
.

page_text: apparatus consists of a number of cast iron cylinders A, closed at each
end by the plates or discs B, having hollow bearings or trunnions cast
upon them, and supported in bearings on the standards C, C. To the
extremity of one of these trunnions is jointed the bent pipe D, whicli
opens into the dome E, of the primary heating furnace beneath,
fitted with fire bars F. and a door G; this furnace supplies the heat
required for drying. Two valves or dampers II, II', are fitted into the
pipe D, so that the flame may be either directed into the cylinder A,
or through the chimney I When the apparatus is to be used the
valve II, is opened, and the damper I', is closed, so that the flame
may pass wholly through the cylinders. To the extremity of the other
trunnion is jointed the pipe K, which is similarly fitted with a valve J,
to regulate the passage of flame and gas into the flue L, beneath. to a
second cylinder arranged and constructed like the first. A small tube
M, is supported in the interior of this trunnion, and serves to supply
the interior of the cylinder with a minute stream of water. This may
be effected either by having a reservoir placed above the apparatus or
by a pipe N, outside the trunnion, in connection with a reservoir or
cistern. By means of a stop cock or plug O, screwed into the copper
junction piece P, which unites the tube M, with the pipe N, the supply
of water may be regulated or stopped when necessary. Or, in place of
water, a jet of steam may be introduced in conjunction with the flame
and gases. By this means the water, which enters the cylinders in
very small quantities, is spread over their interior surfaces, and becoming
more or less heated by the flame imparts a regular heat to the sides of
the cylinders, and thereby dries the paper or other fabric regularly and
evenly over the whole of its surface as such fabric passes onwards.
The water is allowed to escape at each revolution of the cylinder by the
pipe R, which is fitted with a stop cock, to be opened either by hand or
by the movement of the cylinder itself, which in its revolution may be
made to bring the handle of the cock in contact with a fixed incline,
and so allow the water to escape into the cast iron receiver Q, serving
also as a base plate to which the cylinder supports are bolted. A
rotatory movement is given to each cylinder by a pulley or spur'wheel
S, keyed on to the trunnions, and to prevent these trunnions from being

page_text: over heated a stream of water and oil is allowed to pass over them.
Instead of employing a furnace and heating the cylinders by direct
contact with the flame, they may be heated with hot air applied exter-
nally. For this purpose it will be necessary to employ a heater,
consisting of the dome E, and a number of pipes, similar to the one
shewn at D, through which pipes the flame must pass on its way to
the chimney. As their external surfaces will be well heated, the air,
which will have acquired an elevated temperature, will enter the
cylinders and mix with the jet of water in a manner similar to the
flame and gases herein-before described.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect. I would observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine
or restrict myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have
had occasion to describe or refer to, as many variations may be maile
therefrom without deviating from the principles or main features of the
Invention; but what I consider to be novel and original, and therefore
claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part
recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the general arrangement and construction of machinery, appa-
ratus, or means for drying, as herein-before described, and shewn in
the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
Second, the application and use of a jet of water or steam in con-
junction with flame or heated air in the manner and for the purpose
herein-before described.
.
Third, the system or mode of diffusing and equalising the heat in
drying cylinders by the use of a fluid, film, or supply spread over such
surface.
In witness whereof, I. the said John Henry Johnson, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, the Fourteenth day of April, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
I HENRY JOHNSON (r.)