and Ornamental Stucco Objects and Surfaces.
Year: 1885

page_text: and Ornamental Stucco Objects and Surfaces.
I FRANK SHORTEN of 8 Hetley Road Uxbridge Road in the County of
Middlesex Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE COMPOSITION AND MANUFACTURE OF PLAIN AND ORNAMENTAL
STUCCO OBJECTS AND SURFACES," a communication to me from abroad by Albert
Rachner of Breslau in the Empire of Germany, to be as follows:-
This invention relates to an improved composition and manufacture of plain and
ornamental stucco objects and surfaces in which the casting mass is a compound of
gypsum, chalk, dextrine and sawdust, linen buckram is used as insertion and
before that Russian hemp, in short length from 6 to 10 inches.
The casting takes place in glue forms, or moulds which are first oiled. Then
the mass is stirred in the same way as gypsum and squirted or thrown into the
form or mould by means of a broad brush, until one cannot distinguish the form
and the layer appears everywhere equally thick, after this hemp is laid in so that
the whole is pretty equally covered by it.
Wood laths (the thickness varying according to the object) about 6 to 8
millimetres thick and 3 to 5. centimetres broad, which have the day before been
soaked for half an hour in a solution containing 25% of glue, (they must however
when used be perfectly dry) are then placed in lengthwise of the casting, also one.
in the middle. The laths are then strongly coated with the mass or compound
and the projecting hemp is drawn over them so that they are connected, after that
the whole is again quickly coated with the mass, and linen buckram laid upon it,
which must be smoothed or pressed over with the hands, until the mass or
compound begins to penetrate the linen.
The casting is then finished and is treated in the same way as other gypsum
castings.
The models should be made as long as possible, at least 3 metres long, especially
in cases where many castings are required.
Care must be taken that the middle lath projects at least 10 centimetres at each
end, by that means the castings can be hung up, and when placed in position the
edges are not damaged,

page_text: The other two latbs are the same length as the form and serve later to fasten by.
The top and bottom laths are used to fasten the objects to the wall, as also to
the ceiling by means of screws drawn through the laths and screwed into the walls
or ceiling.
If the castings are required to be made lighter, then more sawdust is used, in
small, tender and fine articles it may be left out entirely.
The linen buckram may also be left out in long wall mouldings and ceiling
friezes.
TONGUE & BIRKBECK,
Agents for the Applicant.
and Ornamental Stucco Objects and Surfaces.
t
I FRANK SHORTEN of 8 Hetley Road Uxbridge Road in the County of 1
Middlesex Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention a communi-
cation to me from abroad by Albert Rachner of Breslau in the Empire of Germany,
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This Invention relates to an improved composition and manufacture of plain and
ornamental stucco objects and surfaces in which the casting mass is a compound of
gypsum chalk dextrine and sawdust, linen buckram is used as insertion and before
that Russian hemp in short lengths from 6 to 10 inches.
The casting takes place in glue forms or moulds which are first oiled.
Then the mass is stirred in the same way as gypsum and squirted or thrown in
to the form or mould by means of a broad brush until one cannot distinguish the
form and the layer appears everywhere equally thick, after this hemp is laid in so
that the whole is pretty equally covered by it.
: Wood laths (the thickness varying according to the object) about to inch
thick and 1 to 2 inches broad-which have the day before been soaked for half an
hour in a solution. containing 25% of glue (they must however when used be
perfectly dry) are then placed in lengthwise of the casting also one in the middle.
The laths are then strongly coated with the mass or compound and the projecting
hemp is drawn over them so that they are connected, after that the whole is again
quickly coated with the mass and linen buckram laid upon it which must be
smoothed or pressed over with the hands until the mass or compound begins to
penetrate the linen. I
. :
·
The casting is then finished and is treated in the same way as other gypsum
castings.

page_text: "
The models should be made as long as possible at least 3 and yards long
especially in cases where many castings are required.
Care must be taken that the middle lath projects at least 4 inches at each end
by that means the castings can be hung up and when placed in position the edges
are not damaged.
The other two laths are the same length as the form and serve later to
fasten by.
The top and bottom laths are used to fasten the objects to the wall as also to
the ceiling by means of screws drawn through the laths and screwed into the walls
or ceiling.
If the castings are required to be made lighter then more sawdust is used, but
in small tender and fine articles it may be left out entirely.
The linen buckram may also be left out in long wall mouldings and ceiling
friezes.
The drawing annexed illustrates the manner in which the invention is carried
into practice.
The ornaments on façades and in the interiors of houses are cast either out of
gypsum or cement or set up like statuary pasteboard out of washed chalk and
lime. In both cases the operator has to deal with brittle bodies which are almost
inelastic and which require considerable strength in order to be tenacious and
which can only be made in short lengths.
They are fastened to the walls with gypsum and are screwed on to the ceiling
and eaves with screws. It often happens that projections such as eaves become loose
and fly into pieces in the screw holes or fall if the building settles down thereby
causing on account of their weight more or less injury to persons and objects.
By this improved process instead of pure gypsum a mixture which consists
advantageously of the following proportions or thereabout viz. 100 parts gypsum
50 parts washed chalk 7 parts caput mortuum 6 parts carbolic acid and 5 parts
dextrine is employed.
The proportions of the ingredients of the improved compound may be varied to
adapt the same to different purposes and the improved compound may contain to
100 parts gypsum: 40 to 60 parts washed chalk 5 to 15 parts dextrine 7+ parts
caput mortuum and 6 parts carbolic acid.
When making the ornaments the compound is moistened with water in the
same way as pure gypsum and then brushed into the oiled mould in the thinnest
layers possible. This mould is made either of lime or gypsum exactly as in the
making of gypsum castings. The ornaments can be made considerably longer and
therefore the moulds must be correspondingly longer.
On the first thin layer hemp fibres are laid on and pressed in with a broad
brush and then again smeared over with the compounds.
With small simple ornaments one wedge is used with larger ornaments two
or more wedges are carefully fastened on behind and brushed over with the
compound.
These wedges about 1 to 21 inches broad and to inches thick are made of
pine wood entirely free from knots and are laid in a solution of dextrine some days
before they are used.
By this means they are connected easily with the compound and dry
simultaneously with it.
Lastly a strip of coarse linen is placed behind throughout the entire width and
again brushed over with the compound.
The fastening of the ornaments into place is accomplished by means of wooden
screws which are taken through the fixed wooden wedges.
The advantages of these ornaments over those of gypsum and statuary paste.
board hitherto employed are.
1. Their great hardness and. elasticity by which they can be made in lengths of
more than 4 yards and can stand very considerable bending without breaking or
crumbling.

page_text: .
When fastening on to the wedges and also when the building settles down the
danger of the ornament falling, is avoided.
2. Its slight weight which is approximately only or of the weight of similar
ornaments in gypsum or statuary pasteboard.
3. By the easy handling of the ornament and by its being placed in position in
great lengths in a perfectly dry state at least half of the work time is saved which
gypsum ornaments require and it can be painted over immediately after being
placed in position. while gypsum ornaments require at least two or three weeks
to dry.
When making ornaments eaves & the wedges are to be thoroughly soaked in
dextrine solution so as to ensure a firm connection with the compound.containing
dextrine.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. The improved compound from which plain and ornamental stucco objects
and surfaces are made composed of gypsum chalk dextrine caput mortuum and
carbolic acid in the relative proportions hereinbefore described or thereabouts.
2. The manufacture of plain and ornamental stucco objects and surfaces from
the improved compound and in the manner hereinbefore fully described.
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