IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF AERATED WATERS AND FACTITIOUS MINERAL WATERS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR.
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Ellis, of Chiclsea, in the County of
Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION
AND MANUFACTURE OF AERATED WATERS AND FACTITIOUS MINERAL WATERS,
AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR.'
"
Scaled the 22nd June 1875, and dated the 24th December 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Ellis at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th December 1874.
I, ROBERT ELLIS, of Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PRODUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF AERATED WATERS AND FACTITIOUS MINERAL
WATERS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOB," to be as follows:-
The primary object of my Invention is to effect in a very simple,
economical, and yet most powerful and efficient manner the intimate
union and perfect commixture of gas or gases and water in the manu-
facture of acrated waters and factitious mineral waters intended to
imitate natural mineral springs, all substantially as hereafter described.

page_text: In carrying my Invention into effect I produce a hollow “ gaseous
conc" into the centre of which the water is drawn and thrown by the so
called induced current action, and the mixture of gas and water is thus
effected without the aid of pumps or agitators, or instead of producing a
hollow"
gascous conc"I do exactly the converse and produce a hollow
cone of water, as thin, for example, as thio water of an evanescent bubble,
and into this hollow cone of water I draw and throw the gas so that the
mixture of gas and water is effected, also without the aid of pumps or
agitators.
For the production of ordinary carbonic acid water the process may bo
carried out as follows:-The carbonic acid gas is first produced by the
decomposition of alkaline and carthy carbonates as is well known in the
trade under the name of the American process; this is dono in a
hermetically closed vessel, and pressure is produced by the natural
expansion of the gas liberated from the said carbonates. The gas having
been purified by washing in water it is next conducted into a strong
metallic vessel where it is stored under high pressure ready for use.
From this reservoir the gas is passed through a jet apparatus more or
less resembling the Gifford injector, but with the difference that I forco
the gas and water intermingled intimately by being passed through the
apparatus into a receiver having a lower pressure than that in the
generating and storing vessels; the gas passing through the apparatus
in the shape of a hollow cone causes an "induced current" or suction
action, whereby the water is sucked into the centre of the hollow conc
of gas and mixed therewith, the result being perfectly aerated water.
From the aforesaid receiver the aërated water is drawn off into bottles in
the usual way. The aërated water proceeding from the injector
apparatus may pass into the receiver through a rose or equivalent
appliance in order if required to promote the more completo aëration.
The consequence of the aërated water emerging into a receiver of a lower
pressure is that it bursts into an effervescence of globules, and is thus
again broken up into fine spray retaining of course all that proportion of
gas which can be retained at the pressure indicatod. The gas left in the
generating vessel may be utilized by being allowed to escape into
another vessel, whence it may be pumped into the aforesaid gas storing
vossel.

page_text: "
to form what I term "compound soda water or potash, or lithia, and
the like, and in this way I am able to produce beverages possessing
valuable medicinal properties and resembling those of mineral springs
which has not to my knowledge heretofore been accomplished. In tho
production of such artificial waters attention has certainly been given to
the mineral constituents of aërated waters, but the gascous constituents
have been overlooked. This union and admixture of the gases with the
fluid is accomplished in a similar manner to that above described,
namely, by an injector-like apparatus, the gases being first mixed and
then passed through tho said apparatus and there intermingled with the
water, or the mixture of the gases may be effected in the apparatus
itself.
As an illustration or example of this part of my Invention I will give
the following instance of my compound mineral waters :-Carbonic acid
waters are frequently considered to have a lowering effect on the human
system, and I propose to neutralize this effect by the addition in the act
of manufacture of a definite proportion of protoxide of nitrogen,
commonly called laughing gas, and by this means I obtain in one
mixture the valuable properties of both these ingredients.
While I prefer to utilize the power evolved from the chemical
decomposition of the carbonates by acids, I also adopt the force pump
and drive gases into the store reservoir by its means, there being certain
gases which I use, such as oxygen and nitrogen, which cannot be
applied to the making of aerated waters in any other way than by the
force pump.
But once put under pressure I then use them precisely in
the same way as carbonic acid, namely, by driving them through the
jet apparatus. I also claim the use of carbonic acid gas as evolved from
the heating in a closed retort of wrought iron, the carbonates of alkalies
and carth for the manufacture of my aerated waters, by which process
no acids are required, the gas being extricated from these carbonates by
the force of heat alone.

page_text: filed by the said Robert Ellis in the Great Scal Patent Offico
on the 24th June 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
ELLIS, of Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Robert Ellis, Her special
licence that I, the said Robert Ellis, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Robert Ellis, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE PRODUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF AËRATED WATERS AND FACTITIOUS
MINERAL WATERS, and in ApparatUS THEREFOR," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I; the said Robert Ellis, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and scals, should particularly describe and ascertain the naturo
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Ellis, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :—
The primary object of my Invention is to effect in a very simple,
economical, and yet most powerful and efficient manner the intimato
union and perfect commixture of gas or gases and water in the manu-
facture of aërated waters and factitious mineral waters intended to
imitate natural mineral springs, all substantially as hereafter described.

page_text: "
In carrying my Invention into clicct 1 produce a hollow" gascous
cone into the centre of which the water is drawn and thrown by the so
called induced current action, and the mixture of gas and water is thus
effected without the aid of pumps or agitators; or instead of producing
a hollow gascous cone I do exactly the converse and produce a
hollow cone of water, as thin, for example, as the water of a bubble, and
into this hollow cono of water I drive or throw the gas so that the
mixture of gas and water is effected in this case, also without the aid of
"
"
"}
gascous
In carrying my Invention into effect 1 produce a hollow
conc into the centre of which the water is drawn and thrown by the so
called induced current action, and the mixture of gas and water is thus
effected without the aid of pumps or agitators; or instead of producing
a hollow" gascous cone I do exactly the converse and produce a
hollow cone of water, as thin, for example, as the water of a bubble, and
into this hollow cone of water I drive or throw the gas so that the
mixture of gas and water is effected in this case, also without the aid of
agitators or other means.
For the production of ordinary carbonic acid waters the process may
be carried out as follows:-The carbonic acid gas is first produced by
the decomposition of alkaline or earthy carbonates by the action.of
dilute sulphuric acid or other acids; this being done in a hermetically
closed vessel, and an enormous pressure is produced by the natural
expansion of the gas liberated from the said carbonates. The gas having
been purified by washing in water it is next conducted into a strong
metallic vessel where it is stored under high pressure ready for use.
From this receiver or reservoir the gas having acquired a very high
pressure on being let out through a tap or valve forces itself through a
Gifford injector or similar jet apparatus, but with the difference in its
action or application that I force the gas and water, intermingled
intimately by being passed through the apparatus into a receiver having
a lower pressure than that in the generating, washing, and storing
vessels, the gas thus passing through the apparatus in the shape of a
hollow cone causes an "induced current" or suction action, whereby the
water is sucked into the centre of the hollow cone of gas and mixed
therewith, the result being perfectly aërated water. From the aforesaid
receiver the aërated water is drawn off into bottles in the usual way.
The aërated water proceeding from the injector apparatus may pass into
the receiver through a rose or equivalent appliance in order if required
to promote the more complete aeration of the water or union of the gas
and water. The consequence of the aërated water emerging into a
receiver of a lower pressure is that it bursts into an effervescence of
globules, and is thus again broken up into fine spray, retaining of course
all that proportion of gas which can be retained at the required pressure.
The gas left in the generating vessel may be utilized by being allowed to
escape into another vessel, whence it may be pumped into the afore-
said gas storing vessel, and thus no gas is wasted in the manufacture.

page_text: The second part of my Invention refers to and consists in the union
and admixture of several different gases in one and the same fluid, so as
to form what I term "compound soda water" or potash, or lithia, and
the like, and in this way I am able to produce beverages possessing
valuable medicinal properties and resembling those of mineral springs 5
which has not to my knowledge heretofore been accomplished. In the
production of such artificial waters, attention has hitherto been given to
the mineral constituents of aërated waters, but the gascous constituents,
except as regards carbonic acid gas have been overlooked. This union
and admixture of the gases with the fluid is accomplished in a similar 1
manner to that above described, namely, by an ordinary Giffard injector
or similar apparatus, the gases being first mixed and then passed through
the said apparatus, in this case by mechanical pressure, and thero
intermingled with water.
As an illustration or example of this part of my Invention I will give 1
the following instance of my compound mineral waters :-Carbonic acid
waters are frequently considered to have a lowering effect on the human
system, and I propose to neutralize this effect by the addition, in the act
of manufacture, of a definite proportion of protoxido of nitrogen,
commonly called laughing gas, and by this means I obtain in one 2
mixture the valuable properties of both these ingredients and neutralizo
any evil qualitics.
3
While I prefer to utilize the power evolved from the chemical
decomposition of the carbonates by acids, and which I call my autom.
process; I also in certain instances adopt the force pump and drive gases 2
into the store reservoir by its means, there being certain gases which I
use, such as oxygen and nitrogen, which cannot be applied to the making
of aerated waters according to my first process in any other way than by
the force pump. But these gases once put under pressure I then uso
them precisely in the same way as carbonic acid, namely, by driving 8
them through the jet apparatus. I also claim the use of carbonic acid
gas as evolved from the heating in a closed retort of wrought iron, tho
carbonates of alkalics and carths for the manufacture of my aërated
waters, by which process no acids are required, the gas being extricated
from these carbonates by the force of heat alone.
Having thus fully described the nature of my Invention I declare
that I claim as of my Invention herein-before set forth, and which I call
my Patent automatic process,
3

page_text: First. The application of the Gifford injector or similar jet apparatus
for the production of aërated and factitious waters, substantially as herein
set forth.
-
Second. The aërating of water by the action of the so called induced
current produced by gas under a high pressure, the water and the gas
passing through a Gifford injector or similar jet apparatus and emerging
into a receiver of a lower pressure, all substantially as herein-before sot
forth.
Third. The impregnation of water with a gas or with mixtures of gases
under pressure, the said pressure forcing both through a Gifford injector
or similar jet apparatus, the pressure being obtained by pumps, by heat,
or by any other known and suitable means, all substantially as herein sct
forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Ellis, have hereunto sct
my hand and scal, this Twenty-second day of Junc, in tho
1