IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOLLERS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Edward Newton, of the Strand, in the
City of Westminster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
BOLLERS."
Sealed the 21st August 1875, and dated the 10th March 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Edward
Newton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 10th March 1875.
I, GEORGE EDWARD NEWTON, of the Strand, in the City of West-
5 minster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS" (to be as follows) :-
In ordinary Cornish or internal fuel boilers there is generally a
stratum of water at the lower part which is colder than the rest, and
which affects the boiler prejudicially by causing unequal expansion of
the shell whereby the plates of which it is composed are subjected to
unequal strains.
Now my Invention is designed to remove this colder stratum of water
in such boilers liv establishing a continuous circulation of the water

page_text: from the lowest part of the boiler through pipes exposed to the direct
action of the furnace. To this end I provide a cylindrical vessel or
receiver extending from end to end beneath and outside of the sholl of
the boiler, and connected at intervals to the lowest part thereof by short
tubes through which the water flows into the said receiver. From the
end of this receiver nearest the fire-box a tube is led through the ash-pit
to the back or bridge end of the fire-bars, where it rises into the furnace
chamber and passes through the same in a zig-zag or other direction
which will expose a sufficient surface to the heat of the fire to establish
a free circulation of the water through the said tube, which is led finally
into the boiler at any point between the level of the top of the internal
flue and the water line. This zig-zag or other form of circulating tube
may be made to take the place of the bridge if found desirable.
The receiver beneath the boiler not only ensures the circulation of the
lowest and consequently the coldest stratum of water in the boiler but
it also serves as a deposit collector or receptacle wherein the impurities
suspended in the water may be allowed to subside, thus avoiding to a
great extent the incrustation of the boiler itself, the receiver being
fitted with a blow-off cock at one end through which the accumulated
deposit may be periodically discharged.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Edward Newton in the Great Scal Patent
Office on the 10th September 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Strand, in the City of Westminster, send 2
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of March, in the year
of our Lord Oue thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said George Edward Newton,
Her special licence that I, the said George Edward Newton, my execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George
Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at

page_text: any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said George Edward Newton, my execu-
tors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that
is to say :-
In ordinary Cornish and other internal flue boilers there is [generally]
a stratum of water at the lowest part thereof which is colder than the
rest for want of a free circulation, and which also affects the boiler
prejudicially by causing unequal expansion of the shell, whereby the
plates of which it is composed are subjected to unequal strains.
☐ Now my Invention is designed to remove this colder stratum of water
in Cornish and other internally fired boilers, such as marine boilers, by
establishing a continuous circulation of the water from the lowest part
of the boiler, and by the means herein-after described. To this end I
provide a cylindrical or other suitable vessel or receiver (or there may be
more than one) extending preferentially from end to end beneath and
outside of the shell of the boiler, and connected at intervals to the lowest
part thereof by means of short tubes or pipe connections, through which
the water flows into and circulates through the said receiver or receivers.
From the end of this receiver (or the receivers) nearest the front of the
boiler a tube is led (or two tubes may be led) through the ash-pit to the
back or bridge end of the fire-bars, where it rises into the combustion or
furnace chamber, and may pass through the same in a zig-zag or other
direction so as to expose a sufficient surface to the action of the fire or

page_text: Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a Cornish boiler with my Inven-
tion applied thereto; Figure 2 is a similar view showing the Invention.
applied to a marine boiler; Figure 3 is a horizontal section of the latter
taken on line 1-1, Figure 2.
a is the shell of boiler and 6 the internal flue or fire-box; c is the
receiver, preferably of cylindrical form and closed at the ends. It must
be of sufficient strength to withstand the pressure in the boiler. It is
placed beneath and connected with the lowest part of the boiler by a
number of short tubes & placed at intervals of about 1 foot apart, and
through which the comparatively cool stratum of water contained in
that part of the boiler which is beneath the fire level may gravitate into
tho receiver c. e is a circulating pipe connected with the receiver c at
its front end and passing along the bottom of the ash-pit as far as the
bridge (or it may be as far as the back of the flame chamber, as shown
in Figure 4), where it rises to about the level of the bridge and is
divided into two branches e', c¹, which are led back over the bridge
through the furnace and enter the crown of the furnace near the front
end, as shown. The pipes e' may either pass directly along and as close
as possible to the crown of the furnace or they may take a serpentine
course in order to afford increased heating surface if necessary. In somo
cases they may be led to and fro in a zig-zag or gridiron form across the
fire-box.

page_text: The circulating pipes e¹ being exposed to the direct action of. the fire
the water therein becomes highly heated and a continuous circulation of
the water from the lower part of the boiler into and through the
receptacle c and pipes e, e', is thus maintained.
It may in some cases, and more particularly in Cornish boilers, be
convenient that the pipe e should rise from the further or smoke box
end of the receiver and enter the flue at that end.
The depositable matter in the water in the receptacle c is free to
subside. The blow-off cock f is the means by which this deposit may be
discharged.
Having described the nature of the Invention and the manner of
performing the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be
protected by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the
application to steam boilers of the kind or description set forth of a
receiver or receivers as described, communicating with the water space
below the ash-pit and connected by means of a water heating and
circulating pipe or pipes passing behind and through the furnace and
entering the boiler, as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Edward Newton, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Seventh day of September,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.