IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING ROCK, STONE, AND MINERALS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Kellow, of Tremadoc, in the County of
Carnarvon, North Wales, Quarry Engineer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING ROCK, STONE, AND MINERALS."
Sealed the 11th May 1869, and dated the 12th November 1868..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Kellow at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th November 1868.
I, JOSEPH KELLOW, of Tremadoc, in the County of Carnarvon,
North Wales, Quarry Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING ROCK, STONE,
AND MINERALS," to be as follows:-.
The object of the Invention is the construction of machinery for the.
purpose of cutting rock, stone, and materials into steps and galleries
in order to facilitate the working of the same, and to avoid the necessity
of cutting floors by blasting. The machinery carries worm drills or
borers or rotating cutters for boring, drilling, or making incisions,
and also chisel cutters or similar cutters. At the front end of the

page_text: machine are a number of worm drills of boring cutters consisting of
threaded or wormed rods or shafts terminating in cutters, and preferably
in spear heads or lance heads or angular cutters. Cutting heads may be
used alternating with each other, one cutter having sharp lateral angles
protruding at the sides next which the edge of the next cutting head
is straight or does not protrude and so on. I generally mount the
drilling cutters in such wise that one shall present its flat side to the
surface to be cut while the next presents its edge, and so on alternately.
These drills or boring cutters fit at their inner ends into collars or
sockets whence they are readily removeable when out of action. They are
supported on a frame capable of being slidden to and fro in a stationary
frame. Such sliding action is effected by a worm actuated from the main
driving shaft. They are also supported on two stout shafts resting on the
main framework. Rotary motion is imparted to them by small pinions or
worm wheels on their inner shafts or ends driven by a worm worked by
gearing from a main driving shaft. When the drill cutters have acted their
sliding frame is drawn backward and they are removed, and the chisel
cutter is brought into action. This cutter consists of a plate terminating
in a number of chisel cutters at the cutting end, while the opposite edge
is connected with brackets which embrace a worm shaft or rod on which
it traverses from side to side, being moved on the worm and actuated
by a handle or otherwise. When not in use the chisel cutter which
is jointed or hinged is turned back out of the way. When required to
act it is turned forward. It is so shaped that it easily comes into
position over a stop rest or block of wood or like material so contrived
as to protect the ends of the shafts and the collars or sockets when the
worm drills or boring cutters are removed, and to make a smooth surface
for a sliding tool used in the operation. At the back of the machine is
a jointed bracket carrying a weighted cutter or drill which is rotated by
cone pulleys, or the like, worked from the driving shaft, and which is
turned to the four opposite angles so as to perforato or cut the ground in
order that the machine may be plugged or fastened thereto. The driving
shaft may be worked by a handle or otherwise, and communicates
motion by suitable gearing to the worm drills or boring cutters and other
working parts of the machinery.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Joseph Kellow in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 12th May 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
KELLOW, of Tremadoc, in the County of Carnarvon, North Wales,
Quarry Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Joseph Kellow, Her special licence
that I, the said Joseph Kellow, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph Kellow, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR CUTTING ROCK, STONE, AND MINERALS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Joseph Kellow, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Kellow, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon,
that is. to say :-
The object of the Invention is the construction of machinery for
the purpose of cutting rock, stone, and minerals into steps and galleries
in order to facilitate the working of the same and to avoid the necessity
of cutting floors by blasting. The machinery carries worm drills or
borers or rotating cutters for boring, drilling, or making incisions, and.

page_text: also chisel cutters or similar cutters. At the front end of the machine
are a number of worm drills or boring cutters consisting of threaded or
wormed rods or shafts terminating in cutters which preferably are spear
heads or lance heads or angular cutters. Cutting heads may be used
alternating with each other, one cutter having sharp lateral angles
protruding at the sides next which the edge of the next cutting head
is straight or does not protrude and so on. I mount the drilling cutters
in such wise that one shall present its flat side to the surface to be cut
while the next presents its edge and so on alternately. These drilling
or boring cutters fit at their inner ends into collars or sockets whence
they are readily removeable when out of action. They are supported on
a frame capable of being slidden to and fro in a stationary frame.
Such sliding action is effected by a worm actuated from the main
driving shaft. They are also supported on two stout shafts resting on
the main framework. Rotary motion is imparted to them by small
pinions or worm wheels driven by a worm worked by gearing from a
main driving shaft. When the drill cutters have acted their sliding
frame is drawn back and they are removed and the chisel cutter may be
brought into action. This cutter consists of a plate terminating in a
number of chisel cutters at the cutting end while the opposite edge is
connected with a bracket which embraces a worm shaft or rod on which
it traverses from side to side, being moved on the worm and actuated by
a handle or otherwise. When not in use the chisel cutter which is
jointed or hinged is turned back out of the way. When required to act
it is turned forward. It is so shaped that it easily comes into position
over a stop rest or block of wood or like material so contrived as to
protect the ends of the shafts and the collars or sockets when the worm
drills or boring cutters are removed and to make a smooth surface for
a sliding tool used in a subsequent operation. At the back of the
machine is a jointed bracket carrying a weighted cutter or vertical
drilling machine of ordinary construction which is rotated by cone
pulleys or like contrivances worked from the driving shaft and which
is turned to the four opposite angles so as to perforate or cut the ground
in order that the machine may be plugged or fastened thereto. The
driving shaft may be worked by hand or otherwise and communicates
motion by gearing to the worm drills or boring cutters and other
working parts of the machine.
The accompanying Drawings exemplify in what manner the improve-
ments may be carried into practical effect.

page_text: Figure 1 is a side clevation, with the side plate removed so that the
working parts may be shewn, and Figure 2 a plan, a portion of the top
plate being removed; Figure 3, end elevation shewing the driving gear;
Figure 4, back view of one of the end plates of the sliding frame;
Figure 5, view of the reversing gear.
A, A, is the main framework, which is placed over the surface in such
manner that the drills, borers, or cutters shall be presented to the rock
or material to be cut. The frame can be removed from place to place
as required, and for this purpose a small portable lifting and propelling
steam engine may be used, whereby when the work is completed the
machine is raised on to a truck or carriage and propelled thereon to
another part of the surface to be worked. B, B*, is a sliding frame
which supports rotating worm drills or borers. This frame is supported
on and slides in the framework A. It consists of a front plate B and
back plate B, connected together by strong rods B*. The sliding frame
B, B*, carries rotating shafts C, C, which hold worm drills or borers
D, D. The frame is slidden forward and backward as required by
worms E, E, driven by ratchet gearing E', E', actuated by a wheel E³,
driven by a pinion es on the main driving shaft F, which is worked by
a driving wheel or pulley G driven by steam or other prime mover; H
is a loose pulley on the driving shaft F. This pulley H is not shewn,
however, in Figure 3. The worms E are supported in the frame A and
gear into the frame B. Rotary motion is imparted as follows to the
shaft C and thence to the drills D held therein. The main driving
shaft F communicates motion by spur gearing f, f, to a transverse shaft K,
carrying a wheel k in gear with wheels I, I, on the axes j of which are
worms, x, that is to say, one axis j carries a worm l, and the
other axis carries a worm *; these worms 1, 1*, engage with and
actuate worm wheels i, i, on the shafts C of the cutters D. To keep
the worm wheels i in gear with their shafts a key on the worm wheel i
slides in a longitudinal groove on the shaft C, and to keep the worm
wheels i in place distance pieces o are used between collars or shoulders
m, m, abutting against the worm wheels i, i, and collars or shoulders »
on the cross plates of the frame A. The worm drills or borers revolve
alternately in opposite directions, that is to say, the first drill turns in
one direction, and the second in an opposite direction, the third in the
same direction as the first, the fourth in the direction of the second, and
so on. For this purpose the worms 1, 1x, are threaded for one half their

page_text: length or thereabout with a right-hand worm, and for the other half
or thereabout with a left-hand worm, the right-hand half of being
threaded like the left-hand half of 1*, and vice versa. The worms 1, 1*,
act on alternate drills, serving one half of the drills and * the other
half, so that the drills rotate alternately in opposite directions, as
described. Friction is thus reduced on the ends of the worms. The
drills D, D, fit removeably into sockets or collars d² at the ends of the
shaft C. The drills consist of wormed or screw threaded rods, termi-
nating in cutting or boring heads d, d*, which are by preference angular
or spear or lance shaped, as shewn in the Drawings, two forms of
head d and d* being used and alternated in form as shewn. All the
drills D are not shewn, but there is one to cach shaft C in a collar d
They are so mounted that one presents its flat side to the surface to be
acted on while the next presents thereto its cutting edge. As the
drills or borers revolve they act on the slate, rock, or other material to
be worked and cut the same in a very economical manner, dividing the
solid strata into steps or galleries, and without requiring the use of
blasting powder or other explosive compound or force of explosion.
When the borers have acted on certain descriptions of rock or surface
I sometimes find it advisable to use a chisel cutter Q, in order to cut
out the partitions and make a smooth or level surface for a sliding tool
to be used in the next operation. In order to employ the chisel cutter
I first remove the drills D, D, from the shafts or shanks C, and I draw
back the sliding frame B, B*, so as to withdraw the shafts C out of the
way, and I bring the cutter Q into action. This cutter consists of a
plate Q, terminating at the free or cutting end in a number of chisel
cutters q, q. The opposite end is attached to a foot q* hinged at q² to
the front frame plate B. When this cutter is to be brought into action
it is turned over into the position which had been occupied by the drills
D, D, prior to their being withdrawn, so that it is ready to operate on
the rock or material instead of these drills. In order that this chisel
cutter may act upon various parts of the rock or surface, a traversing
or horizontal lateral motion is communicated to it by a worm p actuated
by a handle p*. When the cutter Q, q, is turned over for work it
rests upon a block or support of wood R bolted to the foot q*, and
slotted out or recessed so as to come over and protect the sockets or
collars d, but without frictional contact, the rest R abuts against the
front frame plate B. When not in use the cutter Q is turned back out
of the way, as shewn in the Figures. The forward motion of the

page_text: cutter Q is effected by working forward the frame B, B*, to which it is
attached.
Figure 3 shews how the frame is thrown into its forward action by
pawls v, v, engaging into the ratchet wheels E', on the axes of the
worms E. On the shaft F is a wheel e in gear with a wheel E³ on a
stud f which serves as its axis, and is fixed on the back plate of the
frame A. On the wheel E is a crank arm or double lever fº, f",
carrying the pawl v, which gears with one of the ratchet wheels E' and
the lever f, f, is connected by a bar fe with the other pawl o*, which
works the other ratchet wheel E¹ on the second worm shaft E.
The arrangements for reversing motion are shown in Figure 5. The
spur wheel S is not fast on the driving shaft, but is loose thereon with
a collar.
On each side t* is a clutch with a groove to suit the feather
embedded in the shaft, so that the clutch t* may be slidden (by its
lever, which is on a stud and bracket ) in and out of gear with the
spur wheel S at pleasure. To prevent risk of the palls o*, v, missing
in case they should slip, and thereby impairing the regular action of the
machine, I use this arrangement. The spur wheel S is in gear with cog
wheels U, U, on the driving screws E, E, which propel the frame B.
When the palls are down and in gear with the wheels, and the clutch
out of gear the spur wheel S is loose on its axis F, and therefore receives
from the wheels U, U, a motion the reverse of that of its own axis, the
wheels U, U, both turning in the same direction; but when the palls
are lifted out of gear and the clutch slidden into gear, the spur wheel
communicates a quick reversing motion to the propelling screws E, E.
is fixed to the framework A.
A vertical drilling machine, which is of ordinary construction, is
driven by connections from the main driving shaft F. The bar of this
machine as usual carries a drill which is turned to four opposite angles
to form holes in the surface, in order to plug or fasten the machine
thereto when the borers or drills are to be set at work. This drilling
machine is mounted on the frame A. X is a lever (and fork) for shifting
the driving band from the fast pulley G to the loose pulley H. It is
actuated for that purpose by the back frame plate B, when the frame
completes its forward travel.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same may be performed, I declare that I claim,-

page_text: First. The employment and construction of a number of rotating
worm drills, borers, or cutters, substantially as described.
Second. The method of mounting and working the drills, borers, or
cutters in alternated positions, and so as to have alternately different
directions of motion, as described.
Third. The employment of angular or spear or lance heads constructed
and alternated as described.
Fourth. Mounting or supporting the worm drills, borers, or cutters
in sockets or collars on shafts in a sliding frame, substantially as
described.
Fifth. The mode of communicating rotary motion to the worm drills,
borers, or cutters, substantially as described.
Sixth. The employment, arrangement, combination, and construction
of the chisel cutter, as described.
Seventh. The general arrangement and combination of cutting
machinery herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Kellow, have hercunto set
my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
Witness,
M. HENRY,
68, Fleet Street,
London.
J. KELLOW. (L.S.)