A DOUBLE-ACTING HARROW
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Wilhelm Unterilp at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st March 1879.
WILHELM UNTERILP, of Dusseldorf, Germany. "A DOUBLE-ACTING HARROW."
The object of this Invention is to provide an implement suitable for breaking up
heavy clayey ground whether in a wet or dry state.
To this end I provide a series of coulters, or chisel edged blades of peculiar con-
struction which are capable of adjustment to any required inclination_or dip, and
will act together to perform what is known as subsoil ploughing. Immediately
above these coulters I mount a series of curved teeth or tines, and give them &
rotary motion, so that in passing through the soil raised in from front of them by
the coulters they will cut up or reduce any clods presented to their action.
For clearing these rotary teeth or tines of any soil which they may carry up I
provide reciprocating curved blades which working in close proximity to the tines
will arrest any clods that may be adhering thereto and throw the same to the
ground. This apparatus I mount in a frame carried by a pair of running wheels
which receive motion from draught horses or their equivalent connected to a cross
bar which is carried by side bars attached to the main framing, and is further
supported by a front steering wheel.
The moving parts of the mechanism are driven by geering from the axle of the
running wheels. The coulters, of which there may be 20 (more or less) set abreast
of each other take somewhat the form of a bell crank lever, and they are strung
upon a transverse shaft at the lower part of the machine, which shaft forms a
fulcrum for the coulters to rock upon when their angle of inclination is being
adjusted.
Through the upper and shorter link of these coulters passes a transverse shaft
which connects all the coulters together and serves also to connect with them a pair
of side levers which have for their fulcrum the lower transverse shaft.
Fitted to the upper end of these levers are adjusting screws, by turning which the
chisel edges of the coulter may be raised or depressed as required. The coulters at

page_text: their front edges near the line of the fulcrum are slightly hollowed to receive any
clods that may be lifted from the ground and to hold them under the action of the
rotating teeth or tines, which as they come round will pass through the clods and
cut them up into small pieces.
The running wheels are fitted to the driving axle by means of coned surfaces
which are held in contact by binding screws. By slackening these screws the
wheels will be free to turn on their axle without giving motion to the driving
geer.
To enable the implement to travel it will be necessary to lift the coulters
clear of the ground by means of the adjusting screws before mentioned.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Wilhelm Unterilp in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th
September 1879.
WILHELM UNTERILP, of Dusseldorf, Germany.
"A DOUBLE-ACTING HARROW."
The object of this Invention is to provide an implement suitable for breaking up
heavy clayey ground whether in a wet or dry state.
To this end I provide a series of coulters or chisel-edged blades of peculiar con-
struction which are capable of adjustment to any required inclination or dip, and
will act together to perform what is known as subsoil ploughing. Immediately
above these coulters I mount a series of curved blades or tines, and give them a
rotary motion so that on passing through the soil raised in front of them by the
coulters they will cut up or reduce any clods presented to their action.
For clearing these rotary blades or tines of any soil which they may carry up I
provide reciprocating curved blades, which working in close proximity thereto will
arrest any adhering clods or other substance and throw the same to the ground.
This apparatus I mount in a frame carried by a pair of driving wheels which receive
motion from draught horses or their equivalent connected to a cross bar which is
carried by side bars attached to the main framing, and is further supported by a
front steering wheel.
In the accompanying Drawing Fig. 1 shews my improved implement in side
elevation, a portion of the framing being removed the better to exhibit the construc-
tion of the working parts; Fig. 2 is a front view of the same, a portion of the
framing being removed for the like purpose. The other Figures on the Drawing
relate to details or modifications of the machine, and will be more particularly
referred to hereafter.
The machine is provided with two driving wheels a which are mounted on the
main axle b; c, c, are the side pieces of the framing in which are fitted the bearings
for the various axles. These side pieces are connected together by the forecross
piece e and the hind cross piece e¹. The framing is further provided with a front
guiding wheel (shewn detached at Fig. 5) and a draught hook g. Mounted in
pendant bracket bearings is a rock shaft h which carries a series of coulters i.
These coulters take somewhat the form of a bell crank, and receive through their
upper ends a second shaft h¹ which serves as a tie rod for binding all the coulters
together. For spacing the coulters on their shafts short spacing tubes are intro-
duced between them (as shewn best at Figures 2 and 6) while the coulters are being
strung on to their shafts. For the purpose of adjusting the inclination of the
coulters and of raising them clear of the ground the following contrivance is
employed-Keyed to the tie rod or shaft h, and extending to the shaft h, is a pair
of arms h which stand up in front of a pair of adjusting screws h³ which project
forward from the rear end of the framing in which they have their bearing and
extend through the forked termination of the arms h. These forked terminations
are slotted transversely. (as shewn best in the detached view Fig. 7) to receive the
trunnions of nuts h which are threaded to fit the screws h³. By turning these
screws to the right or left the coulters will be caused to rock as indicated by the
dotted lines in Fig. 3, the shaft h turning slightly in its bearings to permit of this
adjustment. In order that the two screws may act simultaneously they are each
fitted at their rear end with a bevil pinion in gear with similar pinions on a cross
shaft h which receives an axial motion from a hand wheel he (see the detached
view, Fig. 4) with which it is fitted.
In front of the coulter shaft h, and set somewhat above it, is a shaft k which has
its bearings in the side frames and carries a series of curved blades or tines / which
are spaced on their shaft so as to rotate in the spaces between the coulters . These
tines are intended to break up the clods which are carried up by the advancing
coulters and retained upon their upper sides in hollows formed for that purpose near

page_text: the shaft h. Rotary motion is imparted to the tine shaft in the direction of the
arrow, Fig. 1, through gearing indicated by dots in Figures 1 and 2, which gearing
receives its motion from the shaft b of the driving wheels.
For the purpose of clearing the rotating blades or tines of any soil or other
matters which they may take up from the coulters a series of curved reciprocating
blades m is provided. These blades are mounted on a rock shaft n which has its
bearings in the side frames and receives its rocking motion through the straps of
excentrics o keyed to the tine shaft.
It will be understood that instead of reciprocating blades I may use rotary
clearers for the tines if thought desirable. This modification is indicated at Fig. 3,
the rotary clearers being mounted on the driving shaft.
The driving wheels a are fitted to the driving axle 6 by means of coned surfaces p
(see Fig. 2) which are held in contact by binding screws q. By slackening these
screws the wheels will be free to turn on their axle without giving motion to the
driving gear, and thus the action of the working parts will be suspended while the
implement is travelling from place to place.
In some cases it may be found desirable to provide an additional means for
severing the clods and other substances lifted by the coulters. Figures 8 and 9
shew such a contrivance as applied to my improved implement. It consists of two
cutter bars r, r', furnished at their front edges with projecting blades which act
like shears, their reciprocating motions being derived from the shaft b of the driving
wheels.
Upon this shaft is keyed a bevil wheel which drives a shafts at right angles
thereto furnished with bevil gears at its opposite ends. From this shaft rotary
motion is communicated to a double crank shaft t, shewn detached at Fig. 12, which
shaft is connected to the cutter bars r, r¹, and communicates the requisite recipro-
cating motions thereto.
I may also instead of employing the vertical rotary blades or tines / use rotary
cutters arranged to work horizontally as shears for dividing up clods and other
matters raised by the coulters. An arrangement of this kind is shewn at Figures 10
and 11, the rotary cutters being arranged in pairs and fitted to concentric shafts
which are driven in opposite directions by the arrangement clearly shewn in the
Figures.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of "A Double Acting Harrow,"
and explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be under-
stood that under the above in part recited Letters Patent I claim,—
The arrangement of harrow above described, whereby the earth is loosened and
the clods raised by the coulters are reduced to small particles, such harrow offering
also facilities for throwing the operating instruments out of action, as and for the
purpose above set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Wilhelm Unterilp, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty sixth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.