CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS -IN-MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRESSING, MACHINING, AND FINISHING VELVETS. VEL- VETEENS, AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Smith, of Collyhurst,-near the City of Man-
chester, Dyer and Finisher, and William Craven, of the same Place,
Engineer,, for the Invention, of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS -IN-MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR DRESSING, MACHINING, AND FINISHING VELVETS. VEL-
VETEENS, AND OTHER FABRICS,"
% 1. 1.
'
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Smith and William
Craven at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,, with their
Petition, on the 30th April 1856.
We, JOHN SMITH, of Collyhurst, near the City of Manchester, Dyer and
Finisher, and WILLIAM CRAVEN, of the same Place, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN- MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR DRESSING. MACHINING, AND FINISHING VELVETS, VELVETEENS, AND
OTHER FABRICS, to be as follows:-
other
Our Invention consists in causing the fabrics to be operated upon to pass
under three or other suitable number of rails, by which the bee's wax or
material required is laid on the fabric. These rails are brought into contact
with the fabric by springs or weights, and again raised off it by revolving cams
[Price 8d.]
7111

page_text: or other mechanism, and they are supplied with water to prevent the heating
of the wax or other material. The fabric is then taken over a concave
or other suitably shaped table, over which an endless belt, furnished with
rubbers, is made to pass; this belt is taken over two rollers, which are
adjustable, so as to vary the pressure of the rubbers on the fabric, and the
rubbers are supported laterally by stays reaching from one to the other.
The fabric is then taken over a guide roller, over which is a smoothing
roller, and then formed into a batch, by the friction of a roller covered with
card teeth or other rough surface.
The relative speed of the endless belt and of the fabric can be varied
by gearing, and the rubbers or other instruments attached to the endless belt
may be of wood or other material, according to the fabric under operation.
In some cases it may be requisite to employ a fan to keep the fabric and
the wax cool during the operation. In finishing soine fabrics the endless
belt, with the rubbers, may be dispensed with, and rollers, covered with
spiral or other shaped rubbers, used in their stead; and instead of the
stone table mentioned a heated steam chest may be employed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Smith and William Craven in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 30th October 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
SMITH, of Collyhurst, near the City of Manchester, Dyer and Finisher,
and WILLIAM CRAVEN, of the same Place, Engineer, send.greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
John Smith and William Craven, Her special license that we, the said John
Smith and William Craven, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said John Smith and William Craven, our executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS 'FOR
م

page_text: DRESSING, MACHINING, AND FINISHING VELVETS, VELVETEENS, AND OTHER FABRICS,”.
upon the condition; (amongst others) that we, the said John Smith and
William Craven, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our or their; or one of our or their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what inanner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW. KNOW YE, that we, the said John Smith and William Craven,
do hereby declare, the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement (that is to say):
I
The nature of our said, Invention consists in improved combinations of
machinery for stretching, waxing, brushing, and rubbing yelvets, velveteens,
and other fabrics, whereby the operations of dressing, machining, and finishing
are performed; and in order that our Invention may be fully understood and
readily carried into effect, we will proceed to describe the accompanying Sheet
of Drawings, reference being had to the figures and letters marked thereon.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of our improved machinery, and Figure 2
is a plan of the same.. The fabric to be operated upon is wound on the roller
a, supported in bearings cast to the framing of the machine;, the fabric is
guided and stretched by the rails b, b, b, and then passes over the table c, which
extends the whole length of the machine., The fabric, is first operated upon by
the revolving brush d, then by the two waxing rollers e, e, and then by the
brush, it then passes over the concave part of the table,c, and is there sub-
jected to the action of the rubbers g, 9, after which it is taken over the guide
roller h,, under the guide roller i, over the friction roller,, and thence it is
wound on the roller k, above which is the smoothing roller ... The waxing
rollerse, e, are made by preference of wood, and perforated to contain the wax
which is run into the perforations. The rubbers g, 9, are made of hard wood
or other suitable material, attached to the endless belt m, which we prefer to
make of vulcanized india-rubber combined with cotton or other fabric; this
endless belt passes around the two rollers n and o, the latter of which is put in
motion by a strap from the main shaft of the mill passing around the pulley o¹.
The friction roller j is made of wood or other material, covered with gutta
percha or card teeth, or any other suitable substance, to impart the requisite
friction for unwinding the fabric from the roller a, drawing it through the
machine and winding it on the roller k.. The object of the smoothing roller

page_text: is to press upon the fabric and wind it tightly on the roller k. The various parts
of the machine are put in motion from the shaft of the roller o in the follow-
ing manner: The arrows indicate the direction in which the various rollers
revolve. The strap passing round the pulleys o² and di gives motion to the
brush d, and the pinion d² gearing into the pinion e¹ gives motion to the first
waxing rollere. The strap passing round the pulleys d' and 'f¹ gives motion to
to the brushf, and the pinion f gearing into the pinion e² gives motion to the
second waxing roller e. The strap passing round the pulleys o³ and p impart
motion to the friction roller by inmeans of the pinion p² and wheel j'. The
fabric is drawn off or unwound from the roller a by the friction of the rollerj;
but the velocity of the fabric and of the various parts of the machine can be
regulated by increasing or diminishing the diameter of the driving pulleys.
The operations of this machine are as follows:-The fabric is first stretched
to its full width by the action of the stretching rails, b, b, b, the nap is then
raised by the first brush d, after which the wax or other material for imparting
a gloss is applied by the rollers e, e; the nap is then again raised by the brush
f, after which the rubbing is performed by rubbers g, g, which move in the
same direction, but considerably faster than the fabric, thereby producing the
same effect as that hitherto obtained at great expense by manual labour.
The pressure of the rubbers g, g, on the fabric can be regulated by means of
the screws 7, which pass through nuts in the standards for the bearings of the
axles of the rollers n and o; these screws turn below in the bushes of the said
axles, and above they are provided with bevel wheels s,s, which are connected
by the pinions t, t, and shafts u, u, and w, to the latter of which the hand
wheel x is fixed; by this means the four sliding bushes of the rollers n and o
are raised or lowered simultaneously. We wish it to be understood that the
brushes dardf, and waxing rollers e, e, may be dispensed with, and the fabrics
may be waxed on a machine consisting of the endless belt m,and parts marked
h, i, j, k, and l; in such case the belt is supplied with blocks containing wax,.
and the fabric when waxed is taken to another similar machine, but furnished
with rubbers like g, g, by which the operation is completed. We would also
remark, that instead of the waxing rollers e, e, the wax may be applied to the
fabric by three or other suitable number of rails; these rails are brought into
contact with the fabric by springs or weights, and again raised off it by
revolving cams or other mechanism.
The operation of dressing or machining is performed by the endless belt m,
to which brushes are applied, acting transversely or diagonally on the fabric;
or a roller covered with spiral or other shaped rubbers may be employed. The

page_text: concave part of the table c may be a heated steam chest instead of stone, as
shewn.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, we declare that we claim,-
First, the general arrangements of the machinery, shewn and described,
for dressing, machining, and finishing fabrics.
Secondly, the application of a concave table, over which the fabric passes
during the above-described operations.
And, thirdly, the endless belt m, when used in the manner and for the
purposes described.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Smith and William Craven, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, the Twenty-eighth day of October, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
(L.S.)
5
Witness,
H. B. BARLOW,
Manchester.
WILLIAM CRAVEN. (L.S.)