Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Oct., 1886.
Complete Left, 1st July, 1887.
Complete Accepted, 1st Oct., 1887
DESE
(I) WILLIAM FRASER, Engineer, Riverdale House Endymion Road Hornsey
London, N. do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
:―
Oil is kept cool in Reservoir by ventilation thereby avoiding the generation
of Gas.
Oil is in seperate chamber from Wick, which is supplied in Wick chamber by
means of oil well at bottom of Reservoir automically as required. Burner is bevalled
top & bottom to purify the flame, economise the oil & extinguish the flame automically &
otherwise.
Wick raiser is a revolving nut hung on collar which is screwed internally,
extinguishing appliance is a hanging weight which swings to any side when lamp is
moved to a given angle & thereby allows a neddle to spring up which throws up
extingusher & is therefore self acting, extingushing appliance also cuts of oil supply
when Lamp is upset, with my system of oil supply, prevents the light ever varying
as the oil is always drawn from a given point & the Lamp can not be overheated,
between neck of Lamp & oil reservoir is a non-conductor of heat. I can apply my
invention in adapting it to all Lamps Gas brackets, pipes, chandlers, pendents &c.
also for public supply of oil through street mains for private & public use.
That all Lamps Gas brackets, Pipes, Chandlers, Pendants now in use can be
converted & utilised for use of oil with my invention either with or without an oil
reservoir being applied to the burner direct the same can also be applied for use of
oil by private & public bodies through main pipes laid along the streets.
If my lamp be upset it will immediately extingush itself. The extingusher which
is automic in action is also used as an extingusher when the lamp is in its proper
position, by pressing small button, A, when weight, B, moves to the side & allows
neddle, c, to spring up & cover lighted wick & at same time cutts off oil supply from
reservoir, d, the burner, E, is bevelled above & below & fits air tight when acted upon
by A, & C, there is only about " inch of wick exposed & thereby prevents oil being
heated through overtaxing lighting power of wick & thereby prevents generation of
Gas. The Burner also gives more candle power as the light is purer. The wick is

page_text: kept apart from the oil in reservoir being only supplied from well, F, which saturates
end of wick as shewn in wick space, G, which is permanent wick, the same suppling
shifting wick by this arrangement the light gives the same candle power all along
until the last drop of oil is used up from the reservoir. The wick raiser H, is a
screwed nut, (inside diameter of same being less than the inside diameter of the
tube, I,) the pressure is brought to bear with teeth upon wick between tubes I, & J,
the nut revolves upon the collar, K. Washer L, is a non conductor of heat & cuts off
heat from wick & does not allow oil to get heated & a current of air passes up tubes
from bottom of Lamp to keep oil cool.

page_text: I, WILLIAM FRASER of Riverdale House, Endymion Terrace, Finsbury Park, London,
Commercial Traveller, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:
My invention consists of the following improvements in lamps, for the burning of volatile
hydro-carbon and other like oils, and by which said improvements, complete combustion
is thereby attained, and the illuminating power of the flame greatly increased. The
lamp is made safe, as explosions are impossible, in consequence of being provided with
automatic extinguisher appliances, which instantly puts out the flame, should the
lamp's erect position be changed, either by accident or by design. The oil container
is made a separate and independent chamber, from the wick receptacle, and only
sufficient oil is admitted to the latter, that is required to be burned; so that should
the lamp by accident get knocked over, no oil can escape or be spilled..
In carrying out my invention, I will describe it in connection with a paraffin or
hydro-carbon lamp, provided with a circular burner.
Passing axially through the middle of the body of the lamp, is an air shaft or air
passage; through which air is supplied to the burner for effecting or promoting
combustion; and which said passage also serves as a means, for the keeping of the
wick chamber, oil container, burner and other contiguous and surrounding parts cool;
and arranged concentrically around the said air shaft or passage, is a second tube,
whose outside part is wormed with a threaded screw, and the division between the
outside of the said tube constituting the air shaft, and the inside of the externally
screwed tube aforesaid, secondary wick or wicks are disposed; and at the lower
extremity of the annular space above referred to, is a wick chamber, wherein the
primary wicks are situated, whose upper ends overlap, or come in contact with the
lower extremities of the secondary wick, thus forming a continuation wick, composed
of independent and separate wicks. The bottom of the wick chamber which is only a
little broader than the thickness of a wick, is provided with a trap or branch, which
connects the wick to the oil chamber-This trap serves a double purpose; first, viz :-
it supplies oil to the wick chamber, to a determinate height-2ndly, it traps the two
oil chambers, on the same principle as a sewage trap, so as to thereby prevent the
return of oil or admission of gas, which could be caused either by sudden handling or
violent oscillation.

page_text: Attached to the top of the branch in the wick chamber is a valve opening and seat,
wherein a conical valve or plug, carried by a rod, and working within the body of the
lamp, fits; and through this opening, the oil from the oil container, flows, at a rate
proportional to that consumed by the wicks, or by the wick-This oil container formis
as it were, a jacket or outer annular receptacle, surrounding the wick chamber, and
entrance thereto being obtained by a screw cap at the top.
The valve stem carries at its upper end, a lever fulcrumed about its middle, and
with its outer end immediately under a pusher slide, which passes vertically through
(enclosed within a tube) the oil container, and with its lower end (which is below the
said oil container bottom) carries an arm, directed to the middle of the lamp, and
connected by a cross arm, to two depending rods, which carry at their upper
extremities, an annular shutter, which on the lamp being in its normal position is at
some distance below the inside top of the burning part of the wick, but on the flame
of the lamp being extinguished, the said annular inside wick shutter comes to the
extreme top edge of the wick, and in contact with the underside of a flame deflector
as herein after described, thereby shutting off the ingress of air, and effectually
extinguishing the lamp-This shutter consists simply of a short length of tubing of
the exact interior diameter as the top of the air shaft.
Running centrally down the axis of the air shaft aforesaid, and to an extent of about
two thirds of its length, is an open ended tube of small diameter, the top of which is
provided with a combined flame deflector and extinguisher (in the form of a circular
disc,) of the exact internal diameter of a covering tube, which surrounds the wormed
tube, by which the secondary wick is carried and secured thereto, by inwardly turned
prongs, while the lower end of the open ended centrally disposed tube, carries a rod,
having at its bottom, a conical boss, slightly concaved or quite flat upon its underside,
and at a short distance above the boss, the inwardly disposed end of an operating
lever is secured, which is fulcrumed from a hanger bracket on the underside of the oil
container.
This operating lever has its outwardly disposed end working within a gap in the
lower part of the pusher slide, so that on the said pusher slide being lowered, it both
takes the wick extinguisher shutter out of its extinguishing position, and also raises
the deflector to the proper position for the burning of the lamp; and further, it brings
the coned boss at the end of the rod in position with respect to the point of a needle
or spike, carried within the middle or at the bottom of a sunken part of a weight,
suspended from the underside of the oil container of the lamp; and it is by means
of this weight, that the lamp is made self extinguishing, should it get accidentally
thrown over.
A coiled spring encircling the rod, brings the parts back to their normal positions,
after the pusher slide has either been released, or after the weight by the momentum
of which, the lamp is automatically extinguished, in consequence of changing its
position, and removing the needle or peg from the under end of the coned boss
aforesaid.
Working centrally down the middle of the pusher slide, is a pusher rod, with a
milled head at its top, and an inclined foot at its bottom, and with a coiled spring
encircling the lower part of the said rod, for the bringing of it back to its normal
condition This pusher rod is for the purpose of ordinary extinguishing, and is
performed by making the foot end press aside the weight, so as to release the
extinguisher rod from the needle or spike carried by the weight.
The secondary wick is bodily raised and lowered, by a screw collar, working upon
the thread of the outwardly screwed tube aforesaid, and which said tube is prevented
from rotating, by embracing ears or clips, working upon guide rods or guides; so that
the rotation of the milled head, raises the wick or wicks to their proper height for
burning.
An ordinary circular burner body surrounds the upper part of the air shaft and
extinguisher tube, and deflector, while the volatilized air or gaseous products given off
from the oil in the wick chamber, escapes through ventilating holes or outlets situated

page_text: in the top of the body of the lamp, and which said top is made with an outer jacket,
and between which, and the top of the oil container, cork or other non-conducting
material is interposed, so as to as much as possible isolate the metallic parts of the
burner from the vessel in which the oil is contained.
The air supplied to the burner through the medium of the air shaft, is distributed
in a constant and equally stratified manner by a vane like device disposed crosswise
within the said air shaft.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings, the
manner in which the same is to be performed.
•
Figure 1 represents in longitudinal vertical section, a lamp for the burning of light
or volatile hydro-carbon oil, constructed according to my invention Figure 2 repre-
sents the same, in an inclined position, and the light extinguished-Thus the tilting on
one side, or the turning over of the said lamp, instantaneously and automatically
extinguishes the flame, thereby rendering the lamp safe, as herein-after more fully
described Figure 3 represents a complete vertical section of the said lamp, but taken
at right angles to the section figures 1 and 2, in order to exhibit the rods, attachments
and means, whereby the internal slidin gshutter is worked-Figure 4 is a horizontal
section on the dotted lines A, B, figure 1, and figure 5 is also a horizontal section upon
the dotted lines C, D, figure 1-Figures 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18
are detached parts, shown separately.
The same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures.
a is the body of the lamp, or a sheet metal enclosing case, upon the upper part of
which, an oil container or reservoir is situated-This oil container forms as it were
an outer jacket to the wick chamber c, and axially situated tube d, and which said
tube d constitutes an air shaft or air passage, up the middle of the lamp, and through
which, air for supplying combustion to the burner, is fed, and which said passage also
serves as a means for the keeping of the burner, and contiguous parts surrounding the
wick chamber and burner, cool, and thereby preventing the volatilization of the oil, by
the conduction of heat from the burner to the container parts, which is common to
lamps of the ordinary kind; and arranged concentrically around the said air shaft or
passage, is a second tube e, whose outside part is wormed with a slow threaded screw,
for the raising and lowering of a secondary or upper wick or wicks f, enclosed within
an annular space or division, formed between the outside of the air shaft tube, and
the inside of the externally wormed tube, and which said latter tube is provided with
toothed like pronged ends e, which pierce and secure the wick, and compel it to
travel with the said tube, which is made to rise and fall, for the giving of more or less
flame, by exposing a greater or less superficial wick area to the burner part,
and which said wicks are raised and lowered by a collar or internally screwed
nut g, which is embraced between the top outer casing 63, of the oil container b,
and the base or lower part 2 of an outwardly disposed concentric shield or
tube h.
The rising and falling, or the feeding of the wick to the requisite height is
accomplished by the simple screwing, or the turning in one direction of the nut g,
which gives the requisite traverse to the carrying tube e. This tube is directed or
guided vertically in its motion, by forked prongs, sliding upon guides c².
The lower end of this last named sliding tube e, moves within the upper part of
the wick chamber c, wherein the primary wick or wicks i is or are disposed, and
whose upper ends are made contiguous, and to come in 'contact, or to overlap the
lower ends of the wick or wicks f, so as to make the said wicks continuous, in the
raising of the oil by capillary attraction, through them.
The bottom of the wick chamber t, which is an annular or ring like chamber, is
provided at its bottom, with a hole or valve opening and seat, c³, wherein a conical
plug valve carried by a rod, and working within the body of the lamp, fits; and it
is through this opening bend or trap e aforesaid, that oil is admitted and flows from
the container to the wick chamber.
The wick chamber c has upon one side, and at a short distance above, the valve

page_text: opening and seat c³, a small hole c, communicating with the oil container or
reservoir b―This hole determines the level of the oil in the wick chamber or tube-
Thus the flow of oil commences when the valve c³ is opened, and which said oil rises
up within the wick chamber c, until it reaches or rises to the height of the hole c',
and no more, as the covering over of the hole, by the liquid, prevents air insinuating
itself through the oil in the oil container; that is, on the hole being closed by the
liquid, no air can gain access to the inside top or interior of the oil container ;
consequently. the flow of all oil is stopped.
When the lamp is burning, the consumption of oil, keeps or allows the small hole c¹
to remain sufficiently open, for the insinuation therethrough, and through the liquid,
of sufficient air, to create the necessary flow; so that a small portion of air thus
admitted to the oil container, allows a constant flow of oil, to the wick tube or wick
chamber-The flow of oil is therefore constant when the valve is open, and the lamp
burning, and is in proportion to the exact amount of oil to be burned; so that no
more oil is admitted to the wick or wicks, than is required to be immediately
used.
The valve stem 12 carries at its upper end a lever j³, fulcrumed about its middle
at, and with its outer end disposed immediately under a gapped or shouldered
part of a pusher slide k, working and sliding within a tube, disposed through the oil
container The lower end of which said pusher slide, carries an arm k³, directed
towards the middle of the lamp, and connected by a cross arm k³, to the depending
rods, which carry at their upper extremities, an extinguisher wick shutter -
This shutter which is in the form of a short length of tubing, fits accurately within
the tubing forming the air shaft, and also works within, and covers up (when in its
extinguishing position) the inside top portion of the wick, immediately below the
flame deflector m-This deflector which is a combined deflector and extinguisher,
consists of a circular disc of sheet metal, mounted at or near the top of an open ended
tube m², extending axially about two thirds the distance down the air shaft. This
tube is made bell mouthed at its bottom, for collecting air, which is conveyed up
the tube, into the interior of the flame, through the open top end; and at the lower
end of the said tube m², a rod m³ is rigidly connected, having at its bottom, a coned
boss m³, with a slightly concaved or flat underside m; and at a short distance
above the boss, an inwardly disposed end m of a lever m² is secured, and which
said lever is fulcrumed from a hanger bracket, situated on the underside of the oil
container-The outwardly disposed end m³ of the operating lever aforesaid, takes
within a gapped part k³ of the lower end of the pusher slide k; so that on the pusher
slide being pressed down by its pusher arm k, it takes both the wick extinguisher
shutter out of its extinguishing position, and also raises the flame deflector to its
proper position, for the burning of the lamp; so that the downward movement of the
pusher slide aforesaid, gives contrary movements to the deflector and shutter, by
making them approach or recede from each other, for extinguishing and lighting;
and further, the downward movement also brings the coned boss at the end of the
rod, in its proper position with respect to the spike n², carried by, or within the
middle or sunken part of the suspended weight n, and it is by means of this
weight, which is suspended by chains n³, from the underside of the lamp reservoir,
that the lamp is made self extinguishing, should it get accidentally thrown over.
'
The return movements of the parts, on the pusher being liberated, or on the cone
part being freed from the spike, either by the side movement of the weight (in case of
accident) or the pressing of the weight aside for extinguishing, are accomplished by a
coiled spring o, encircling the rod m³.
p is a pusher rod, working centrally within the pusher slide, and having at its
bottom part, an inclined foot p³, and coiled spring p-This pusher rod is for the
purpose of ordinary extinguishing, and is performed, by making the foot end p², push
aside the weight n, as represented in the dotted lines, (see figure 1) so as to remove
the end of the spike n³, from under the coned boss m³, so as to allow the extinguisher
parts to rise and fall respectively in manner, and in ways already specified-9 is an

page_text: ordinary burner body, with a circular burner aperture q³, and which said body and
burner part, surrounds the upper part of the air shaft tube end extinguisher.
Within the air shaft passago, and within a short distance from the top thereof, an
air distributor r is situated, (as best soon in the separate views, section and elevation,
figures 8 and 9) consisting of an annular outer and inner ring, having radially
disposed vanes or plates, situated between them, and which said plates or vanes,
which are preferably disposed vertically and parallel, (may if necessary be inclined)
are for the purpose of evenly distributing the air being fed up the shaft to the
burner.
Thus, the upward air current, which is irregular in its constitution, is made to
impinge upon the vanes or edges of the plates aforesaid, so as to evenly break up
into uniform layers, the air fed for combustion; and moreover, the impetus of the
air current is also checked, without lessening the body of air supplied.
The volatilized oil, or the gaseous products given off from the oil, is allowed
to escape through ventilator holes 8, which are situated at the top of the body of the
lamp, which is a kind of top or supplementary covering, and between its underside,
and the top of the oil container, a non-conducting material t, such as cork or the
like, is interposed-This interposition of a non conductor, isolates the principal
metallic parts of the burner from the oil reservoir, and wick chamber.
When the lamp is required to be used, press downwards the pusher k, when the
pusher slide is lowered, and the extinguisher parts taken out of action, and with
the valvej removed from its seat c³, so that oil can now flow from the oil container
into the wick chamber; so that when the lamp is in use, it is in the position as
represented in figure 1, with the wick f exposed a little above the top of the shield or
tube ; and in order to increase or decrease the size of the flame, it is only necessary
to raise or lower the wick, which is done by turning the nut or collar from
left to right, when the wick tube e, and wick with it, is raised and lowered
accordingly.
To extinguish the lamp in the ordinary way, press vertically the pusher rod p,
by the button upon its top end, when the suspended weight n, which holds the
extinguisher expedients in position, is pushed aside, which removes the top of the
spike n, from the underside of the coned boss n*, thereby liberating the tube and
rod m³, m³, carrying the flame deflector m, and also liberating at the same time, the
slide k, and parts carried by it, which operates or presses upwards the shutter 1, to
a position as represented in figure 3, so as to thereby enclose or box up the wick in
such a manner, as to extinguish the light; that is, the removal of the weight from
a central position, by the pusher aforesaid, releases the extinguisher expedients which
are automatically operated by the coiled spring o, which presses downwards the rod,
and parts carried by it, so as to bring the underside of the flame deflector m, upon
the exposed burning top part of the wick. The said downward movement of the said
rod m³, turns the lever m' upon its centre, and presses upwards the slide k. This
upward motion of the said slide, carries with it, the arm k³, which is connected at its
inner end, to the shutter hanging rods. Thus the combined motions as aforesaid,
respectively raise and lower the deflector and shutter in opposite directions, and
when brought together, they extinguish the flame by the boxing up of the enclosed
top end of the wick.
The act of extinguishing and the pressing upwards of the slide, also closes the
valve through the intervention of the lever ³.
The automatic extinguishing by accident, instead of by design, on the upsetting of
a lamp, is effected in the same manner as has already been previously described, other
than that the weight is removed from a central position by gravity, instead of by the
pusher rod; that is, instantly the lamp becomes inclined, the extinguisher weight not
partaking of the motion of the said lamp, liberates the parts held in position, by its
turning aside, as fully represented in figure 2.
To keep the oil in the oil container, cool, open ended air passages o pass vertically
through the oil container.

page_text: .
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is-
First. Raising oil from the wick chamber or chambers, or other vessel or vessels,
reservoirs or oil containers, wherein oil is contained or allowed to flow, by means of
two wicks, or one or more double wicks, disposed in a continuous manner, one above
the other, and with the presented adjacent edges of the one, in contact or in
juxta position to the adjacent edges of the other. The said lower wick is stationary,
or is kept in a fixed position, while the upper wick is movable longitudinally, for the
purpose of conveying the oil to the burner, and also exposing a greater or less
burning area to the burner part of the lamp, substantially as set forth.
Secondly. Raising and lowering the upper wick (or wick segments) of a pair of
circular wicks, or a double flat wick or wicks, as cited in the preceding claim, by
securing the said wick within the plain interior part of an encircling tube or wick
guide or guides, (disposed concentrically to an inner air tube) whose outer periphery
is wormed, and takes within a correspondingly wormed inside nut or collar which on
being rotated, raises and lowers the said movable wick, which is secured within the
inside of its tube, and made a fixture with the tube aforesaid, by pointed prongs.
The vertical movement of the said wick carrying tube is determined, by forked
projections on its lower part, embracing guides or guide bars, substantially as
described and illustrated in the several figures of the drawings.
Thirdly. Providing the oil containers, oil vessels or oil reservoirs, both for storage
or for consumption, with air tubes or passages v for the purpose of keeping down the
temperature of oil contained therein, or passing therethrough, substantially as
described and set forth.
Fourthly. Placing crosswise within the interior of lamp air shafts, or air passages
or other conduits leading to the burner part, and to the wicks, an air distributor,
disintegrator or current modifier, in the form of an annulas or ring r, with radiusly
or otherwise disposed vanes, plates or meshes (with the sides preferably parallel to
the direction of the air current) through which air passes and is blended and
distributed, substantially as herein-described and set forth.
Fifthly Arranging axially within the burner part, and within the air shaft of
hydro carbon oil lamps of the kind herein described, an open ended tube m², having
at or near its top part, a flame deflector, and at its lower part, a coned air collector;
and which said open upper end, conveys air to the interior of the flame, above the
deflector before named, substantially as described and illustrated.
Sixthly. Making the oil containers of lamps independent of the wick receptaclo
or receptacles, and in the form of an annular chamber or belt, which is made to
surround the said wick receptacle or receptacles, and other auxiliary burner parts of
the lamp, substantially as described and illustrated.
Seventhly. Making the wick oil chambers, or the wick receptacle c of lamps, in
the form of a hollow annulas or ring, disposed between the oil container and the
tube of the air shaft, while oil is admitted from the said oil container to the wick
chamber, by a small inlet passage or trap bend, which is closed by a valve, when no
oil is required to be used, substantially as described and set forth.
Eighthly. Allowing hydro-carbon vapours given off from the wick chamber, (if
ever any) to escape through ventilating holes s in the upper part of the lamp, as
set forth.
Ninthly -Interposing between the top of the oil container or reservoir, and the
upper part of the lamp burner and lamp, a non-conducting material, such as cork,
for stopping off or isolating the heat given off from the burner, substantially as
set forth.
Tenthly Automatically opening and closing the valve inlet from the oil container
to the wick chamber, through the intervention of a rod, and jointed lever, in which
the latter is worked and operated by the slide of the extinguisher appliance or
appliances, substantially as set forth.

page_text: Eleventhly. In a lamp extinguisher for hydro carbon and other lamps, consisting of
a movable deflector disc m, mounted upon the top of a sliding tube or rod m³, m³, (with
spring o) whose bottom portion is provided with a coned boss or its equivalent, and a
lever m, m', working in conjunction with the said rod, and operated by a slide k, k*,
of one part. The movable shutter 1, its rods P, arm k³, which latter is connected
to the end of the slide k of the second part. The suspended weight n with spike n³,
and recess n³ of the third and last part. The heretofore recited parts are constructed,
arranged, and operated in the ways and for the purpose substantially as herein
described and illustrated.
Twelfthly Making lamps self extinguishing in the case of the said lamp being
upset, by releasing or liberating the extinguisher mechanism by means of a pendent
or suspended weight, which when the lamp is erect, the said extinguisher expedients
are kept in their proper relative positions, but on the lamp becoming inclined, the
weight is removed out of its holding position, by gravity or by its own weight as
described and set forth.
Thirteenthly. The ordinary extinguisher operating appliance in the form of a
rod p, foot p² and coiled spring p³, which on the rod being pressed down, removes
the extinguisher liberating weight out of a central position, and thus liberates the.
extinguisher expedients, substantially as described and set forth.
Fourteenthly. Keeping the oil fed to the wicks at a constant level, within the wick
chamber or wick tube or tubes, by a small hole or passage c¹, or its equivalent,
leading from, or in communication with, the oil container or reservoir, substantially
as described and set forth.
Lastly. The general construction and arrangement of the parts of oil lamps, herein
before described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.