Improvements in the Manufacture of Soaps or Cleansing Compositions.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 10th July, 1897
Complete Specification Left, 7th Apr., 1898-Accepted, 9th July, 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Soaps or Cleansing
Compositions.
We, DR. FRANZ BECKER, of Prague VII, No. 309, in the Empire of Austria,
Factory Owner, and OTTO WOLFF, of Dehnitz, Saxony, in the German Empire,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Soaps, even those which have been most carefully boiled and which are when
solid or concentrated quite neutral, acquire corrosive properties when diluted
which said properties produce undesirable results in the various applications of
soaps in the textile industry. For instance such a soap solution acts injuriously
upon wool fibres and upon many aniline dyes.
In order to overcome these disadvantages we have conducted experiments which
have led to this invention. These experiments proved that alkaline-sulpho-sebates
or alkaline-sulpho-oleates, the solutions of which are known as Turkey-red oils,
are suitable substances for our purpose as it renders the alkaline sebate or oleate
mild for all strengths of solution and enables technically very valuable and easily
soluble acid salts (soap with superfluous sebacic acid) of great capacity for dissolv-
ing dirt and fat to be manufactured.
In both compositions the alkaline sulpho-sebate or sulpho-oleate acts as a
solvent and as a preservative as the said substance prevents neutral soap even in
weak solution from being decomposed into a difficultly soluble alkaline salt and a
corrosive basic alkaline sebate or oleate, and as, in the case of acid soaps of the various
sebates or oleates, it imparts a constancy and a durable homogeneity to the com-
bination and finally as it produces very durable ammoniacal soap solutions which it
is not possible to obtain so surely by any other method.
The process, therefore, consists in forming a solution of neutral or acid alkaline
sebate or oleate in alkaline sulpho-sebate or sulpho-oleate or Turkey-red oil. The
method of carrying out the invention will be easily understood from the following
examples: --
1. Sebacic or oleic acid is mixed with sulpho-sebacic acid or sulpho-oleic acid
and the mixture is completely or partially neutralized by soda, potash or ammonia.
2. Sulpho-sebacic acid or sulpho-oleic acid (Turkey-red oil) which has been wholly
or partially neutralized with soda, potash, or ammonia and sebacic or oleic acid
which has been completely or partially saponified with soda, potash, or ammonia,
are dissolved together or solutions of both of them are mixed with one another.
3. The solution of an alkaline sulpho-sebate or of an alkaline sulpho-oleate is
decomposed by sebacic or oleic acid and the mixture is completely or partially
neutralized with soda, potash, or ammonia in which process the alkaline addition
can be dispensed with if the solution of the alkaline sulpho-sebate contains a
sufficient excess of alkali.
4. Sulpho-sebacic acid or sulpho-oleic acid or an acid Turkey-red oil is added
to the solution of an alkaline sebate or oleate; if desired, the mixture can be
completely or partially neutralized with soda, potash or ammonia.

page_text: 5. To these soap compositions any desired excess of sebacic acid can be added.
All these products, therefore, contain besides an alkali sebacic or oleic and
sulpho-sebacic or sulpho-oleic acids and can be neutral or can contain an excess
of sebacic or oleic acid.
The products can be used with great advantage as lubricants or compositions
for oiling or greasing wool instead of the usual compositions or lubricants and
they can also be employed with great advantage in fulling and for preparing
wool. By their use wool fibres and dyes can in the simplest manner and without
damage be freed from all those impurities which have hitherto remained behind
in the washing process and have appeared during the spinning and weaving
operations. The hard and soft soaps etc., which have hitherto been employed for
this purpose formed a raw and dirty scum, necessitated a vigorous rubbing during
the washing process on account of their consistency and also gripped the wool
fibres and dyes more or less thus occasioning loss. The composition made
according to our invention easily and quickly penetrates the fibre or fabric, to
which it is applied, dissolves dirt and impurities and on account of its great
solubility in water is easily and completely removed with the dirt by rinsing the
material in clean water. But it is not only as a lubricant or oiling composition
and in fulling that the product can be used to great advantage, as it can also be
employed as a mordant for cotton and for bleaching dyed cotton yarns, as on
account of its property of easily penetrating and being easily dissolved as well
as on account of its absence of corrosive action, it acts quickly and without damage
only affecting the dyes in an advantageous manner.
Dated this 10th day of July 1807
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicants.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Soaps or Cleansing
Compositions.
We, DR. FRANZ BECKER, of Prague VII, No. 309, in the Empire of Austria,
Factory Owner, and OTTO WOLFF, of Dehnitz, Saxony, in the German Empire,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
Soaps, even those which have been most carefully boiled and which are when
solid or concentrated quite neutral, acquire corrosive properties when diluted
which said properties produce undesirable results in the various applications of
soaps in the textile industry. For instance such a soap solution acts injuriously
upon wool fibres and upon many aniline dyes.
In order to overcome these disadvantages we have conducted experiments which
have led to this invention. These experiments proved that alkaline-sulpho-sebates
or alkaline-sulpho-oleates, the solutions of which are known as Turkey-red oils,
are suitable substances for our purpose as it renders the alkaline sebate or oleate
mild for all strengths of solution and enables technically very valuable and easily
soluble acid salts (soap with superfluous sebacic acid) of great capacity for dissolv-
ing dirt and fat to be manufactured.
In both compositions the alkaline sulpho-sebate or sulpho-oleate acts as a
solvent and as a preservative as the said substance prevents neutral soap even in
weak solution from being decomposed into a difficultly soluble alkaline salt and

page_text: a corrosive basic alkaline sebate or oleate, and as, in the case of acid soaps of the
various sebates or oleates, it imparts a constancy and a durable homogeneity to the
combination and finally as it produces very durable ammoniacal soap solutions
which it is not possible to obtain so surely by any other method.
The process, therefore, consists in forming a solution of neutral or acid alkaline
sebate or oleate in alkaline sulpho-sebate or sulpho-oleate or Turkey-red oil. The
method of carrying out the invention will be easily understood from the following
examples:-
1. Sebacic or oleic acid is mixed with sulpho-sebacic acid or sulpho-oleic acid
and the mixture is completely or partially neutralized by soda, potash or ammonia.
For instance, 100 kilogrammes of acid Turkey-red oil (that is to say, a sulpho-
oleic acid obtained from castor-oil and purified by properly washing) are well
mixed with 50 kilogrammes of oleic acid; to this mixture soda, potash or ammonia
is then added in sufficient quantity to cause the mass which is somewhat dull or
muddy to become clear and oily. This process is performed at ordinary tempera-
ture. Instead of the castor-oil other oils or fats which can be sulphonized can
be used and instead of the oleic-acid other fatty acids may be employed. The
soda, potash or ammonia may be used in the form of caustic soda, caustic potash
or caustic ammonia or in the form of their carbonates; in the latter case, it is
preferable to perform the process with warm solutions (for instance solutions at a
temperature of 60° C.). The proportions may also be varied. In using hard or
solid fatty acids, a temperature is required at which these acids are in a liquid
state.
2. Sulpho-sebacic acid or sulpho-oleic acid (Turkey-red oil) which has been wholly
or partially neutralized with soda, potash, or ammonia and sebacic or oleic acid
which has been completely or partially saponified with soda, potash, or ammonia,
are dissolved together or solutions of both of them are mixed with one another.
For instance, 100 kilogrammes of neutral Turkey-red oil in the form of the
solution containing about 50% sodium, sulpho-oleate and 25% ammonium-oleate
are mixed with 60 kilogrammes of a warm solution containing about 50% of
potash-soap. The proportions may be varied as also may the fatty acid and the
alkalies; furthermore the Turkey-red oil may be incompletely neutralized and
the soap solution may contain free fatty acid emulsified therewith.
3. To the solution of an alkaline sulpho-sebate or of an alkaline sulpho-oleate
is added sebacic or oleic acid and the mixture is completely or partially neutralized
with soda, potash, or ammonia in which process the alkaline addition can be
dispensed with if the solution of the alkaline sulpho-sebate contains a sufficient
excess of alkali.
This process may be carried out explained under Example 1 with the difference
that the acid Turkey-red oil is replaced by a corresponding quantity of a neutral
Turkey-red oil; that is to say that instead of the sulpho-oleic acid a neutralized
solution of the same is employed.
4. Sulpho-sebacic acid or sulpho-oleic acid or an acid Turkey-red oil is added
to the solution of an alkaline sebate or oleate; if desired, the mixture can be
completely or partially neutralized with soda, potash or ammonia. For instance,
100 kilogrammes of a solution containing about 50% of potash soap may be mixed
with 30 kilogrammes of sulpho-castor-oleic acid which has been previously
properly washed.
5. To these soap compositions any desired excess of sebacic acid can be added.
In the case of solutions in which the fatty acids have been wholly or nearly
wholly saturated with alkali, oleic acid may be added thereto if it be desired to
obtain a composition having the properties of those described under Examples 1
and 3.
All these products, therefore, contain besides an alkali sebacic or oleic and
sulpho-sebacic or sulpho-oleic acids and can be neutral or can contain an excess
of sebacic or oleic acid.
The products can be used with great advantage as lubricants or compositions

page_text: for oiling or greasing wool instead of the usual compositions or lubricants and
they can also be employed with great advantage in fulling and for preparing
wool. By their use wool fibres and dyes can in the simplest manner and without
damage be freed from all those impurities which have hitherto remained behind
in the washing process and have appeared during the spinning and weaving
operations. The hard and soft soaps etc., which have hitherto been employed for
this purpose formed a raw and dirty scum, necessitated a vigorous rubbing during
the washing process on account of their consistency and also gripped the wool
fibres and dyes more or less thus occasioning loss. The composition made
according to our invention easily and quickly penetrates the fibre or fabric, to
which it is applied, dissolves dirt and impurities and on account of its great
solubility in water is easily and completely removed with the dirt by rinsing the
material in clean water. But it is not only as a lubricant or oiling composition
and in fulling that the product can be used to great advantage, as it can also be
employed as a mordant for cotton and for bleaching dyed cotton yarns, as on
account of its property of easily penetrating and being easily dissolved as well
as on account of its absence of corrosive action, it acts quickly and without damage
only affecting the dyes in an advantageous manner.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:-
1. A composition designed for use as a lubricant for oiling or greasing wool
and also in preparing and fulling wool and as a mordant for cotton and for bleach-
ing dyed cotton yarns, the said composition consisting of an alkaline sulpho-sebate
or sulpho-oleate or Turkey-red oil in combination with sebacic acid or oleic acid
or with an alkaline sebate or oleate, the said composition also having, if desired,
an excess of sebacic or oleic acid, substantially as described.
2. The manufacture of soaps or cleansing compositions of the kind described in
Claim 1 by the combination of sulpho-sebacic acid or sulpho-oleic acid, free or
combined with an alkali, with sebacic acid or oleic acid, free or combined with
an alkali, and, if necessary, with the required quantity of alkali, (soda, potash,
ammonia) the said substances being combined in any desired manner, substantially
as described.
Dated the 7th
A
1 1900
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicants.