IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH GAS ENGINES AND IN THE MEANS AND METHOD OF SUPPLYING EXPLOSIVE CHARGES THERETO
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Philip Middleton Justico of 55 & 56 Chancery Lane in
the County of Middlesex-Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents for an
Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH GAS ENGINES AND
IN THE MEANS AND METHOD OF SUPPLYING EXPLOSIVE CHARGES THERETO
communicated to him from abroad by Willian Ellery Hale of Chicago County
of Cook State of Illinois, United States of America
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by tho said Philip Middleton Justico at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th November 1883.
-
PHILIP MIDDLETON JUSTICE of 55 & 56 Chancery Lane in tho County of
Middlesex Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents IMPROVEMENTS IN AND
CONNECTED WITH GAS ENGINES AND IN THE MEANS AND METHOD OF SUPPLYING
EXPLOSIVE CHARGES THERETO. A communication to me from abroad by William
Ellery Hale of Chicago County of Cook State of Dlinois United States of
America
This invention relates to certain improvements in gas engines and in the mode
of introducing and exploding the charge and operating the engine all fully
described heroinafter, whereby I am enabled to secure increased certainty and
efficiency and better regulate the operations, than with the methods and moans
heretofore employed
The invention as embodied in a single acting engine has a cylinder closed at
both ends, a piston, a pump, the plunger of which is connected by a rod directly
with an arm extending from the crosshead, and an arm casing or chest. Gas
passes through pipes to the inlet port of the pump and air passes to the second gas
pipe through an opening graduated by means of a screw cap while spring check
valves prevent the backward flow of each fluid The gascous mixture is drawn
into the pump by the forward motion of the plunger and on the backward motion
is forced through a port into the main cylinder, the flow of the gas being
regulated by means of a valve which may be set by hand but for most purposes is
preferably made to be controlled by the governor operated by the engine to the
rod of which the valve is directly attached The air chamber has air inlet ports,

page_text: closed by a flap valve, and communicates through a channel with the forward end
of the main cylinder, so that as the piston of the latter moves back the air will be
drawn into the case, and forward end of the cylinder and as it moves forward it
will be forced from the cylinder and compressed in said case
The case communicates with the rear end of the cylinder through a port in
which is a check valve and at or near the forward end of the cylinder is an
exhaust port through which the spent gases are discharged by the pressure of air
entering the cylinder from the case as soon as said ports are uncovered by the
piston To prevent the admission of air through the exhaust port into the forward
end of the cylinder as the piston moves back, said piston is provided with an arm
which projects forward sufficiently to cover the exhaust port, during the back
movement of the piston, a hollow extension on the forward cylinder head,
receiving the arm as the piston moves forward. The pump is provided with a
spring valve fitted to a seat at the end of the pump cylinder and with a plunger,
the end of which is flat so that when the two are in contact there shall be no space
between them, the plunger moving back sufficiently to lift the valve off its seat at
the termination of each stroke, and the valve following the plunger and taking its
scat before there is any separation of the valve and plunger, so as to insure
absolutely the complete discharge of the contents of the pump cylinder at each
stroke, and an accurate measurement of the charge As the plunger and piston
move in unison, the air in the main cylinder is being compressed therein as the
contents of the pump are also forced into the cylinder so that there is a greater.
pressure in the latter at the termination of the stroke than would result from the
action alone of the piston
On the forward motion of the piston whether it results from the explosion or
from momentum the rush of air through the port into the rear end of the cylinder
discharges the contents of the latter through the exhaust port before the piston
moves back, and a now charge is introduced on the next rear motion of the piston,
so that there can be no irregular action from the mixing of two charges, which is
apt to occur in ordinary engines, where in case of a charge failing to explode it
combines to a greater or less extent with that next introduced
The pump may be to measure off the gas alone, but owing to the comparatively
small proportion of gas required and to the difficulty of measuring accurately
small charges I prefer to measure off the gas and definite proportion of air-
constituting a non explosive mixture of such character and proportions, that when
mixed with the air charge already in the cylinder it will form therewith a working
charge of the desired explosive character. By thus measuring off and introducing
a non-explosive mixture, I avoid all danger of premature explosion, prevent the
flame moving through the port to the pump without tho use of safety meshes, and
measure the charge more accurately than would be otherwise possiblo
It will be apparent that this mode of securing charges of uniform character may
be employed in connection with different forms of engines and by the use of other
appliances than those described, it only being essential to measure off a non-
explosive mixture of air and gas, having a definite proportion to air in the
cylinder, and to then introduce the mixed charge into the cylinder, or if desired
into an intermediate reservoir from which it is withdrawn as required, there being
danger neither of explosion nor ignition
In connection with the accurate measurement of the charge I am enabled to
regulate the speed and power of the engine to the work to be performed without as
heretofore, suspending or diminishing the explosions
Thus within certain limits, by measuring off a charge containing a less
proportion of gas, I secure in the working cylinder an explosive mixture, but less
effective than one having a greater amount of gas, so that the explosions are
continued and the uniform character of the operations maintained, but with less
effect and with a corresponding diminution of quantity of gas employed. The
regulation of the gas is effected in the engine described, by the adjustment of the
valve in the first mentioned gas pipe, and I prefer to construct the latter so that it

page_text: cannot be completely closed, thereby insuring the passage of sufficient gas under all
circumstances to secure an explosion, thus avoiding the running down or stoppage
of the engine or the irregular action resulting from the occasional cessation of
explosions
When the proportion of gas is controlled by the governor, each charge measured
off may contain a greater or less proportion of gas so as to insure explosions of
greater or less power according as the engine tends to diminish or increase its
speed. By these means I am enabled to run the engine at different speeds, but
with as uniform a motion when the speed is low as when operating at a high
velocity As the proportion of gas to air is comparatively small, very slight
changes in the amount introduced into the charge will grently modify the action of
the engine, it is therefore necessary to construct the said valve so as to vary the
flow to the small degree desired. This I do by making the valve conical and
moving it in a slightly larger round port, which is very gradually obstructed or
opened by the movement of the valve.
The mixed gases instead of being forced into the air in the cylinder as the air in
the latter is being compressed, may be introduced after the spent gases have been
expelled while the air is passing into the cylinder prior to compression The air
may be taken from a reservoir of air under compression instead of using the piston
to compress it and the pump or other measuring device may be otherwise arranged
and operated than as above described I have found it very desirablo not only to
secure the best explosive effect, but also to insure certainty of explosion to
thoroughly mix the gases constituting the explosive charge before exploding the
same. It will be apparent that if the most powerful and best explosive mixture is
one part of gas to twelve of air, the engine will operate inefficiently if the charge is
exploded when the gas has combined with only half the quantity of air provided
for it, or in the proportion of one part of gas to six of air. I have used different
means of insuring this thorough mixture but I have found the best results to ensue
by injecting both the gas or air into the cylinder at a tangent, or in such manner
as to insure a rapid circulation of one past the inlet opening or current of the other
Thus the gas charge port is at an angle to a radial line drawn from the centre of
the cylinder and the air inlet port enters the cylinder on a curve so that as the air
rushes in it will acquire a whirl which will continue as the piston moves back and
the current will rapidly pass the gas charge port the inflowing gases from which
will thus be rapidly and intimately mixed with the air. Instead of the ports being
at an angle, the gases may be directed against wings or blades that will deflect
them and impart the desired whirling motion. The intimate admixture of the
gases is essential to the proper explosion of the charge especially when electricity is
employed for effecting the explosions as the charge will not ignite by the electric
spark unless the gases are mixed in proper proportions. In effecting the ignition
by electricity I use an igniter consisting of a plug of metal containing an insulating
material or plug of insulating material such as china, clay, or other material or
composition which carries two wires terminating in electrodes, between which
passes the spark generated by a battery or suitable electrical generator. When a
battery is used it is desirable to limit the duration of the spark to prevent the
rapid exhaustion of the battery, it is also desirable to effect the ignition at a
particular point of the stroke for which purpose I use means whereby to produce
the spark at the instant desired and to break the circuit except when the spark is
required These features may be embodied in different arrangements, but the
following will be found to be very effective. Given a battery, an induction coil;
a rheotome or circuit breaker, with suitable wire connections between the battery,
condensor and igniter
A rod is connected at one end to a lever extending past one side of an axle of
the engine and pressed toward the latter by a spring, the other end of the rod is
guided by a link so that it may reciprocate longitudinally as the lever is swung
and thereby make contact with the circuit breaker and break the current or move
from the same and establish the current. The desired limited movement of the

page_text: lever is effected by a knuckle on the said shaft, and corresponding knuckle on the
lever, the rotation of the shaft bringing the knuckles in contact and momentarily
swinging back the lever and establishing the current. To permit the spark to be
made at any desired point of the stroke the lever or knuckle should be adjustable
Thus the knuckle on the shaft may bo on a band encircling the axle and capable of
being turned thereon and fixed after adjustment in any position. I have found
that the best results ensue from igniting the chargo when the same is under the
greatest pressure which is generally when the piston is at the limit of its rear
movement and the crank is on, or nearly on the "dead centre" and that when this
is the adjustment the engine will work equally well in both directions the
operations being continued whichever way the engine may be started. It will be
seen that in the engine above described there are no valves operating under
pressure, or requiring actuating mechanism, all, the ports, channels, and openings
except the exhaust opening being controlled by self-acting check valves, while the
exhaust has no other valve than the piston and its arm. I thus avoid the loss of
power from friction and the uncertain action and constant supervision resulting
from the use of ordinary valve arrangements.
By the use of an electrical igniter having its electrodos projecting beyond the
inner walls of the cylinder, I am enabled to ignite the charge at or near the centre
instead of at the side as heretofore so as to secure the outward radial spread of the
combustion and a more certain, rapid and effective combustion than when the
ignition is nearer the wall or head of the cylinder. By the use of an electrical
igniter in connection with means for rapidly mixing the gases I am enabled to
avoid igniting the gases before they are thoroughly mingled but can explode them
the instant the proper admixture is effected The plug is preferably constructed
with screw threads fitting the threaded opening in the cylinder, or otherwise, or
the electrodes are moveable in the plug so that said electrodes may be varied in
position to enable them to be set to insure initial ignition at the bost point of the
stroke It will be apparent however that in some instances an igniting flame or
an incandescent body heated to a flame or otherwise may be substituted for the
electric spark or coil igniters.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Philip Middleton Justice in the Patent Office on the 5th May
1884.
1
:
PHILIP MIDDLETON JUSTICE of 55 & 56 Chancery Lane in the County of
Middlesex Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents IMPROVEMENTS IN AND
CONNECTED WITH GAS ENGINES AND IN THE MEANS AND METHOD OF SUPPLYING
EXPLOSIVE CHARGES THERETO A communication to me from abroad by William
Ellery Hale of Chicago County of Cook State of Illinois, United States of
America -
"
This Invention relates to certain improvements in gas engines and in the modo
of introducing and exploding the charge and operating the engine all fully
described hereinafter whereby increased certainty and efficiency and better
regulation of the operations is secured, than with the methods and means
heretofore employed
To more clearly explain the nature of the said invention, reference is made to
the accompanying drawings which form part of this specification, and in which
Figure 1 is a plan in part section of one form of engine embodying my
improvement
Figure 2 is a side elevation
Figure 3 is a sectional elevation looking from the rear
Figure 4 is a detached section of the pipes connected with measuring apparatus..
and
Figure 5 is a view illustrating the igniting apparatus
This Invention is illustrated in the drawings as embodied in a single acting
engine having a cylinder A closed at both ends, a piston B. a pump C, the plunger CL
of which is connected by a rod C directly with an arm extending from the
cross head B and an arm casing or chest E. Gas passes through pipes d. and b
to the inlet port a of the pump C. and air passes to the pipe b. through an opening c
graduated by means of a screw cap b². and spring check valves b² ² prevent the
backward flow of each fluid. The gaseous mixture is drawn into the pump
by the forward motion of the plunger, and on the backward motion is forced
through a port c¹ into the main cylinder, the flow of the gas being regulated by
means of a valve which may be set by hand but for most purposes is preferably
made to be controlled by the governor D operated by the engine, to the rod d² of
which the valve is directly attached The air chamber E has air inlet ports h¹
closed by a flap valve h and communicates through a channel g (in dotted lines
Fig 2) with the forward end of the main cylinder, so that as the piston of the
latter moves back, the air will be drawn into the case E and forward end of the
cylinder A. and as it moves forward it will be forced from the cylinder A and
compressed in said case. The case E communicates with the rear end of the
cylinder A through a port J in which is a check valve i and at or near the forward
end of the cylinder A is an exhaust port N through which the spent gases are
discharged by the pressure of air entering the cylinder from the case E as soon as said
ports are uncovered by the piston To prevent the admission of air through the
exhaust port into the forward end of the cylinder as the piston moves back, said
piston is provided with an arm L which projects forward sufficiently to cover the
exhaust port N during the back movement of the piston, a hollow extension N¹ on
the forward cylinder head receiving the arm L as the piston moves forward The
pump C is provided with a spring valve e fitted to a scat at the end of the pump
cylinder and with a plunger, the end of which is fint so that when the two are in
contact there shall be no space between them, the plunger moving back sufficiently

page_text: to lift the valve e off its sent at the termination of each stroke, and the valvo
following the plunger and taking its sent before there is any separation of the
valve and plunger, so as to ensure absolutely the complete discharge of the contents
of the pump cylinder O at each stroke and an accurate measurement of the
charge. As the plunger and piston move in unison, the air in the main cylinder A
is being compressed therein as the contents of the pump aro also forced into the
cylinder, so that there is a greater pressure in the latter at the termination of the
stroke than would result from the action alone of the piston B.
On the forward motion of the piston, whether it results from the explosion or
from momentum, the rush of air through the port J into the rear end of the
cylinder discharges the contents of the latter through the exhaust port N beforo
the piston moves back, and a new charge is introduced on the next rear motion of
the piston so that there can be no irregular action from the mixing of two charges
which is apt to occur in ordinary engines, where in caso of a charge failing to
explode it combines to a greater or less extent. with that next introduced. The
pump C may be to measure off the gas alone but owing to the comparatively
Bmall proportion of gas required, and to the difficulty of measuring accurately
small charges I prefer to measure off the gas and definite proportion of air
constituting a non explosive mixture of such character and proportions, that when
mixed with the air charge already in the cylinder, it will form therewith a
working charge of the desired explosive character. By thus measuring off and
introducing a non explosive mixture I avoid all danger of premature explosion,
prevent the flame moving through the port to the pump without the use of safety
meshes, and measure the charge more accurately than would be otherwise possible.
It will be apparent that this mode of securing charges of uniform character may
be employed in connection with different forms of engines and by the use of other
appliances than those described, it only being essential to measure off a non
explosive mixture of air and gas having a definite proportion to air in the cylinder,
and to then introduce the mixed charge into the cylinder, or if desired into an
intermediate reservoir from which it is withdrawn as required, there being danger
neither of explosion or ignition. In connection with the accurate measurement of
the charge I am enabled to regulate the speed and power of the engine to the
work to be performed without as heretoforo suspending or diminishing the
explosions. Thus within certain limits by measuring off a charge containing a
less proportion of gas I secure in the working cylinder an explosive mixture but
less effective than one having a greater amount of gas, so that the explosions are
continued and the uniform character of the operations maintained, but with less
effect and with a corresponding diminution of quantity of gas employed The
regulation of the gas is effected in the engine described, by the adjustment of the
valve d' and I prefer to construct the latter so that it cannot be completely closed,
thereby insuring the passage of sufficient gas under all circumstances to secure an
explosion, thus avoiding the running down or stoppage of the engine or the irregular
action resulting from the occasional cessation of explosions. When the proportion
of gas is controlled by the governor, each charge measured off may contain a
greater or less proportion of gas, so as to insure explosions of greater or less power
according as the engine tends to diminish or increase its speed By these means I
am enabled to run the engine at different speeds but with as uniform a motion
when the speed is low as when operating at a high velocity As the proportion of
gas to air is comparatively small, very slight changes in the amount introduced
into the charge will greatly modify the action of the engine; it is therefore
necessary to construct the said valve d¹ so as to vary the flow to the small degree
desired This is done by making the valve conical and moving it in a slightly
larger round port a which is very gradually obstructed or opened by the
movement of the valve The mixed gases instead of being forced into the
air in the cylinder as the air in the latter is being compressed, may be
introduced after the spent gasos have been expelled while the air is passing
into the cylinder, prior to compression The air may be taken from a reservoir.

page_text: under compression instead of using the piston B to compress it, and the pump
or other measuring device may be otherwise arranged and operated than as above
described. I have found it very desirable not only to secure the best explosive
effect but also to ensure certainty of explosion, to thoroughly mix the gases
constituting the explosive charge before exploding the same. It will be apparent
that if the most powerful and best explosive mixture is one part of gas to twelve
of air, the engine will operato inefficiently if the charge is exploded when the gas
has combined with only half the quantity of air provided for it, or in the proportion
of one part of gas to six of air I have used different means of ensuring this
thorough mixture but I have found the best results to ensue by injecting both the
gas or air into the cylinder at a tangent, or in such manner as to ensure a rapid
circulation of one past the inlet opening or current of the other Thus the gas
charge port c is at an angle to a radial line drawn from the centre of the cylinder,
and the air inlet port J enters the cylinder on a curve as shown so that as the air
rushes in it will acquire a whirl which will continue as the piston moves back, and
the current will rapidly pass the port c¹ the inflowing gases from which will thus
bo rapidly and intimately mixed with the air. Instead of the ports being at an
angle, the gases may be directed against wings or blades that will deflect them and
impart the desired whirling motion The intimate admixture of the gases is
essential to the proper explosion of the chargo, especially when electricity is
employed for effecting the explosions, as the chargo will not ignite by the electric
spark unless the gases are mixed in proper proportions In effecting the ignition
by electricity I use an igniter consisting of a plug F of metal containing an
insulating material or plug of insulating material such as china, clay or other
material or composition which carries two wires K K terminating in electrodes,
between which passes the spark generated by a battery or suitable electrical
generator. When a battery is used, it is desirable to limit the duration of the
spark to prevent the rapid exhaustion of the battery; it is also desirable to effect
the ignition at a particular point of the stroke, for which purpose I use means
whereby to produce the spark at the instant desired and to break the circuit,
except when the spark is required. These features may be embodied in different
arrangements that shown in the drawing having proved to be very effective; L is
a battery, M an induction coil, N a rheotome or circuit breaker, with suitable wire
connections between the battery condenser and igniter. A rod O is connected at
ono end to a lever 01 extending past one side of the axle O' of the engine and
pressed toward the latter by a spring m and the other end of the rod is guided by
a link m² so that it may reciprocate longitudinally as the lever O¹ is swung and
thereby make contact with the circuit breaker and break the current, or move from
the same and establish the current. The desired limited movement of the lever 0¹
is effected by a knuckle n on the said shaft O' and corresponding knuckle n¹ on
the lever 0³, the rotation of the shaft bringing the knuckles in contact and
momentarily swinging back the lever and establishing the current To permit the
spark to be made at any desired point of the stroke, the lever or knuckle should
be adjustable Thus the knuckle n may be on a band n³ encircling the axle and
capable of being turned thereon and fixed after adjustment in any position. I
have found that the best results ensue from igniting the charge when the same is
under the greatest pressure, which is generally when the piston is at the limit of
its rear movement and the crank is on, or nearly on, the "dead centre," and that
when this is the adjustment the engine will work equally well in both directions,
the operations being continued whichever way the engine may be started. It will
be seen that in the engine above described there are no valves operating under
pressure, or requiring actuating mechanism all the ports, channels and openings
except the exhaust opening being controlled by self acting checkvalves, while the
exhaust has no other valve than the piston and its arm. I thus avoid the loss of
power from friction and the uncertain action and constant supervision resulting
from the use of ordinary valve arrangements. By the use of an electrical igniter
baving its electrodes projecting beyond the innor walls of the cylinder I am enabled

page_text: to ignite the charge at or near the centre, instead of at the side as heretofore so aš
to secure the outward radial sprend of the combustion, and a more certain rapid
and effective combustion than when the ignition is nearer the wall or head of the
cylinder. By the use of an electrical igniter in connection with means for rapidly
mixing the gases, I am enabled to avoid igniting the gases before they are
thoroughly mingled but can explode them the instant the proper admixture is
effected The plug F is preferably constructed with screw threads fitting the
threaded opening in the cylinder or otherwise, or the electrodes are moveable in the
plug so that said electrodes may be varied in position to enable them to be set to
ensure initial ignition at the best point of the stroke It will be apparent however
that in some instances an igniting flame, or an incandescent body heated to a flame
or otherwiso, may substituted for the electric spark or coil igniters Having thus
described the nature of the invention as communicated to me from abroad by my
foreign correspondent what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is―
1 The improvement in supplying the explosive charge to a gas engine,
consisting in introducing air into the working cylinder, making a separate non
explosive mixture of air and gas, then introducing the same into the said cylinder
in such regular volume as will with the air in the cylinder constitute an explosive
charge, and then exploding the same in contact with the piston substantially in
the manner set forth
2nd The method of regulating the speed and power of gas engines by measuring
off separately from the contents of the working cylinder and introducing definite
charges of gas and air in which the proportion of the gas is raised to correspond to
the power required, substantially as and by the means set forth.
3 The combination with a gas engine, of means for measuring air and gas in
regulated proportions and definito volumes, for introducing said measured volumes
successively as part of the charge into the main cylinder to form an explosivo
charge therein and then igniting the latter after the entire volume of gas is
introduced, substantially as set forth.
4th The combination with a gas engine of a measuring device and means for
supplying it with gas and air in regulated proportions, a cylinder and means
for supplying it with air after the operation of each explosive charge and connee-
tions whereby the measured charge of gas and air is forced into the air in the
cylinder to form the explosive charge substantially as set forth
5th The combination in a gas engine of a device for measuring definite propor-
tions of air and gas, and means substantially as described for supplying the same
with a regulated non explosive mixture of air and gas, a power cylinder and
connections with said measuring device and ports and adjusting appliances whereby
to supply said cylinder with air and with the gas mixture in proportions to
constitute an explosive charge, and an igniter for exploding the charge in contact
with the piston substantially as set forth.
Gth The combination with a gas engine of a device whereby a definite measured
charge of gas and air is introduced into the working cylinder, to form an explosive
mixture with air therein, a valve regulating the flow of gas to said devico and a
governor operated by the engine and operating said valve substantially as set
forth.
7 The combination with the device for measuring definite proportions of air
and gas, of a gas inlet, governing and regulating valve constructed to ensure at all
times a flow of gas to the said device, substantially as set forth
8th The combination with the cylinder of a gas engine and means for supplying
an air charge thereto and compressing it therein, of a device for measuring a
definite charge of mixed air and gas and forcing it into the main cylinder as the
air is compressed, substantially as set forth
9th The combination of an explosion cylinder, a piston, and means for supplying
the cylinder with air after each explosion, a pump communicating with the cylinder,
air and gas pipes communicating with said pump, and means for regulating the
flow of air and gas thereto, whereby a definito regulated charge of air and gas

page_text: measured by the pump, is forced thereby into the working cylinder substantially
as set forth.
10th The combination of the working cylinder, having an exhaust port near the
forward end, and air inlet port at the rear, means for opening the ports to displace
the spent gases by a current of air carried through the cylinder after each explosion,
and a measuring device whereby a definite regulated mixture of gas and air is
forced into the air thus introduced; and means for igniting the charge after the
compression thereof, substantially as set forth.
11th The combination with the cylinder having an exhaust port near the forward
end, and an air chamber communicating with the forward end of the cylinder, of
a piston constructed to close the communication between the exhaust port and
space in front of the piston substantially as set forth.
12th The combination of the cylinder A, exhaust port N piston B and arm L
substantially as set forth.
13th The combination with the cylinder of a gas engine, of air and gas ports
situated at different points and means for imparting a whirling motion to the gases
to mix the same, substantially as set forth.
14th The combination of the cylinder, air inlet and gas inlet ports set at an
angle to the inner walls and situated at different points thereof whereby one
current is caused to flow past the port through which the opposite current enters,
substantially as specified
15th The combination of tho cylinder, means for mixing the gases therein and an
igniter whereby the charge is exploded after said mixture is effected, substantially
as specified.
16th The combination with the cylinder of a gas engine, of an electrical igniter
with its electrodes extending inward to effect the initial ignition beyond the inner
walls of the cylinder substantially as set forth.
17th The combination of the cylinder and plug F carrying the electrodes and
secured detachably in an opening in the cylinder substantially as specified.
18th The combination of the cylinder and plug F carrying the electrodes made
adjustable and detachable, as set forth
19th The combination of the cylinder, an electrical igniter having its electrodes
near the centre of the cylinder, an electrical generator, and appliances operatod
by the engine for making and breaking the electric currents substantially as
described.
20th The combination of the electric igniter, generator, circuit breaker and
adjustable appliances whereby the current may be automatically established or
broken at any desired point of the stroke, substantially as set forth
21 The combination in a gas engine, of the electric igniter, generator and
circuit breaker mechanism set to effect the ignition when the piston is at or near
the end of its stroke substantially as set. forth.
22nd The combination with a gas engine of a gas regulating valve adapted to
supply a continuous flow of gas to the engine, and a governor to regulate tho
position of the valve for the purpose set forth
In Witness whereof I the said Philip Middleton Justice have hereunto sot my
hand and seal this fifth day of May in the year of Our Lord one thousand eight
hundred and eighty four
Signed, sealed and delivered in
the presence of
HENRY BANFILL HATCHWELL
55 Chancery Lane
London WC
PHILIP M. JUSTICE (L.s.)