matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPA- RATUS EMPLOYED IN THE PRODUCTION OF EMBROIDERY
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Conrad Bach at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th October 1877.
CONRAD BACH, of the Firm of Conrad Bach and Company, of No. 9, Lawrence
Lane, in the City of London, Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPA-
RATUS EMPLOYED IN THE PRODUCTION OF EMBROIDERY."
The object of the Invention is to produce embroidery work with fringe thereto,
so as to avoid the necessity for the separate application by sewing or otherwise of
such fringe.
In carrying out my Invention the cloth or other fabric on which the fringed
embroidery is to be produced is held distended in the usual way by rollers or other-
wise in a moveable frame, and I employ two sets of double-ended needles, one for
effecting the embroidery, and the other for producing the fringe. These needles are
held and carried through the work with their threads from one side to the other by
the nippers or holders actuated for that purpose, whilst the frame carrying the work
is moved in the directions desired during the intervals of each traverse of the
embroidery needle with its thread, according to the pattern for the time being
desired to be worked, and when the required embroidery for the body of the
band for the fringe has been produced, the needles that have been used for
that purpose are suspended, and other needles for the formation of the fringe
are brought into use and carried through the fabric alternately from
side to the other by the nipping apparatus, but in this case, the frame carrying
the body of the fabric is moved after each passage of the fringing needle
alternately in one direction and then in the other, a distance equal to the length of
fringe to be produced, and also step by step transversely for the progressive forma-
tion of the fringe; and when the threads for the portion of fringe across the part of
body have been duly laid in, the operation of these fringe needles is suspended, and
the embroidery needles are brought into operation again to embroider over the end
of the fringe threads, next to the band of which such fringe is to form a part. The
object and effect of this operation of the embroidery needles is to secure a fringe to
such band.
one

page_text: Fringe embroidery will thus be formed in rows succeeding each other on the
body fabric, and when the surface of fabric has been thus covered, the parts of
the fringe threads intended to be loose will be cut from such body and turned back,
when the operations may be repeated on the parts of the body fabric that have been
covered by the fringe threads in the previous operation, so as to avoid the loss of
body fabric.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING OMNIBUSES, TRAM CARS, AND OTHER SIMILAR VEHICLES WITH A VIEW TO REGISTERING THE NUMBER OF PASSENGERS CONVEYED AND THE DISTANCE TRAVELLED BY THEM, AND IN THE APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Paley Gardner at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th May 1877.
RICHARD PALEY GARDNER, of St. John's Wood, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING OMNIBUSES, TRAM CARS, AND OTHER SIMILAR
VEHICLES WITH A VIEW TO REGISTERING THE NUMBER OF PASSENGERS CONVEYED
AND THE DISTANCE TRAVELLED BY THEM, AND IN THE APPARATUS THEREFOR."
The object of this Invention is to facilitate the recording the number of pas-
sengers conveyed by an omnibus, tram car, or any other public vehicle, and the
distance travelled by each passenger, so that an automatic account may be kept
against the conductor or person in charge of the vehicle.
In carrying out this Invention I proceed as follows:-At each end of the carriage
I fit a vertical metal rod, which extends from the under side of the seats on the roof
down through the flooring of the vehicle to within a convenient distance of one of
the axles thereof. Two of these vertical rods are fitted in a line with each other on
each side of the vehicle, and are each provided with a pair of rollers by which an
endless band or chain made of any suitable material is carried forward continuously
during the motion of the vehicle.
The vertical rods derive motion either from a suitably arranged endless screw and
wheel or from a friction roller, or in any other convenient manner. The endless
bands are fitted immediately beneath the seats of the vehicle, both internally and
externally; and affixed to them in any convenient manner are short radial arms,
each of which at its free extremity carries a pencil or other marker to indicate the
distance travelled by each passenger. Each seat of the vehicle is divided from the
other in any convenient manner, and rests upon a suitable spring which raises it out
of the range of the pencil or other marker when such seat is unoccupied.
A strip of paper is attached by any suitable means to the under side of each seat,
whereon, upon a passenger taking his seat, a record of his journey is produced cor-
responding to the length of time such seat is occupied by him.
The motion of each of the endless bands before mentioned may be regulated, if
preferred, by a suitable train of wheels, so that such band traverses a pre-determined
distance at each journey.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROTECTING SUBMARINE AND SUBTERRANEAN TELEGRAPH CABLES AND WIRES FROM THE DESTRUCTIVE EFFECTS OF TOREDO WHITE ANTS, AND OTHER MARINE AND TERRESTRIAL ANIMALCULE AND INSECTS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas George Glover at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd March 1877.
THOMAS GEORGE GLOVER, of 66, Old Broad Street, in the City of London, Colonel,
Royal Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROTECTING SUBMARINE AND SUBTERRANEAN
TELEGRAPH CABLES AND WIRES FROM THE DESTRUCTIVE EFFECTS OF TOREDO
WHITE ANTS, AND OTHER MARINE AND TERRESTRIAL ANIMALCULE AND INSECTS."
The object of this Invention is to protect the core of submarine and subterranean
cables and wires from the destructive effects of the toredo white ant, and other
submarine and terrestrial animalcule and insects.
For this purpose a spiral of lead foil is first wound around the core, the upper
edge overlapping the lower by a quarter of an inch; and, secondly, over the lead foil
there is placed a serving of hemp saturated in castor oil.
Also to protect the hemp or other serving of the outer wires of submarine and
terrestrial cables and wires the serving is saturated with castor oil.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APRON FILES AND BOW CLIPS FOR FILING PAPERS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Lester Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th April 1877.
WILLIAM LESTER SMITH, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APRON FILES AND BOW CLIPS FOR FILING PAPERS."
My improved bow clip is constructed for the most part similarly to those now
generally in use, except that when it is closed it becomes securely locked, so that
papers cannot escape or be taken from the file until the locking is released in the
manner herein-after described. At the end of that part of the bow which turns
upon its hinge where the spring acts upon it I provide a suitable stop, and behind
this stop the end of the before-mentioned spring is caused to take as soon as the
bow is closed, thus securely holding it in a closed position.
For the purpose of unlocking the file I provide a suitable thumb piece, which
passes through the hinged end of the bow immediately over the said spring, and
comes in contact with it. When it is desired to open the said file it is only necessary
to press this thumb piece, which in its turn forces the spring down and so removes
it from behind the said stop, and thus the file is free to open, and letters or papers
can now be at pleasure cither placed upon the file or removed from it.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SHAPING OR FINISHING STAYS OR CORSETS, AND IN PROCESSES AND APPARATUS OR MEANS CONNECTED THEREWITH.
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Robert Rossiter at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd March 1877.
THOMAS ROBERT ROSSITER, of Bristol, in the County of Gloucester.
"IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SHAPING OR FINISHING STAYS OR CORSETS, AND IN PROCESSES AND
APPARATUS OR MEANS CONNECTED THEREWITH.'
"
My Invention has for its object the production of stays or corsets accurately
fitting the human figure in a more rapid and economical manner than heretofore,
and this object is attained by the employment of the processes and apparatus or
means herein-after described.
In carrying out my Invention I first prepare a stay or corset of the size and
approximate shape of the human figure, and I then place inside the same a bag of
similar shape, which I fill with sand, sawdust, or other similar material, so as to
impart to the stay or corset the requisite body or rigidity to form a model upon
which to operate; I then prepare from the model so produced a matrix of plaster of
Paris or other suitable material, from which I mould a die of similar or other
suitable material; this die constitutes a pattern from which I prepare by casting by
any usual process a hollow metal block or former," which may, if necessary, be
galvanized, and upon which the stays or corsets are shaped or finished.
"
In carrying out the latter operation, vizt, the shaping or finishing, the stay or
corset is starched and placed upon the block or "former," and steam or other
heating medium is applied to the interior, whereby the stay or corset is rapidly
dried and stiffened, and caused to accurately assume the shape of the block or
former, and consequently to become an exact counterpart of the human figure upon
which it is to be worn.
AN IMPROVED FIRE-ESCAPE.
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Baptiste Honny at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th April 1877.
JEAN BAPTISTE HONNY, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Manufacturer.
"AN IMPROVED FIRE-ESCAPE.'
"
The object of this Invention is to provide a means of escape from buildings
on fire, whereby the inmates can save themselves without having to wait for
ladders or other apparatus to their infinite danger as is now often the case.
The Invention consists in fixing to the building, and above the centre of a window
on the top story of the same, a suitable bracket, which is provided at its outer end
with one or more indentations to receive a large ring, to which is attached a rod or
chain. This rod or chain, which may extend to the ground, should be of sufficient
strength to be capable of supporting several persons at one time, and should be
placed at such a distance from the building, that while it may be easily clutched
from the window by the inmates, they should not knock themselves against the
cornices or other ordinary projections of the building when sliding down the rod or
chain.
When the building has a balcony, a second bracket, which shall project beyond
the balcony, and provided with a rod or chain, may be employed.
If it is found that the rod or chain hanging in front of the window is an
annoyance, a hook may be fixed to the building at the side of the window, and the
chain or the rod, provided at its upper end with a short length of chain for the
purpose, may be passed behind the hook where it will be held until required. By
these means the inmates of burning buildings may readily descend to the ground,
and at the same time means are provided whereby the firemen may ascend if
requisite.
In order to give warning should any unauthorized persons ascend the rod or
chain, the same may be connected to an electric bell or other suitable tell-tale
apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBING MACHINES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Wood, Abraham Naylor, and
Benjamin Akam at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th
January 1877.
JACOB WOOD, Machine Maker, Southgate, ABRAHAM NAYLOR, and BENJAMIN
AKAM, Machine Wool Combers, Globe Mills, all of Bradford, in the County of York.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBING MACHINES."
The object of our Invention is to more efficiently separate the knots, lumps, and
other hard substances from the wool or other material used in the manufacture of
textile fabrics whilst the same is being operated upon by the combing machine, and
to produce a cleaner and more uniform combed sliver.
We accomplish our object in the following manner-To the framework of the
combing machine in any convenient position between the feeding heads and the
square motion, we attach a bracket having suitable journals for the reception of a
shaft; on to one end of this shaft we attach a pully, to which motion is imparted
in the ordinary manner; on to the other end of this shaft we secure an eccentric or
disc with a sliding stud secured in the face of the same for regulating the length of
stroke; on to this stud we place one end of a rod, which slides through a swivel
joint or stay, which is secured to another bracket attached to the framework of the
inachine. To the other end of this said rod we secure a comb, which combs or
draws the knotty or hard substances contained in the material that is being combed
to such a distance from the outside diameter of the circle clear of the pressing plate,
that the square motion is enabled to comb or draw all the knots or hard substances
out, and leave the wool or other material clear and free from any knotty or hard
substances in the sliver.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOLES FOR BOOTS AND SHOES AND APPARATUS USED THEREFOR.”
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Quin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th November 1877.
JAMES QUIN, of Leyland, in the County of Lancaster.
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF SOLES FOR BOOTS AND SHOES AND APPARATUS USED THEREFOR.”
My Invention consists in the manufacture of an improved sole for boots and
shoes, whereby a firmness of foothold is maintained in running, jumping, or leaping,
or for walking on deck, or any other slippery places. The bond hold on the
ground being maintained after the sole is considerably worn.
I make my sole of india-rubber, gutta percha, or other like compound, and
form it in the following manner :-My apparatus is made of metal plates or blocks,
such plates or blocks are lined at right angles equadistant, and at any distance apart,
and at every point of contact of such lines are centre punched and a conical drill
run down each to one given depth, thereby leaving a flat space between each four
sunken cones so formed. The materials of which it is manufactured, being in a soft
or fluid state, is placed on the plates, and placed so as to fill the sunken cones and to
form the body of the sole to any thickness required.
I know that a Patent was granted to William Harry Dutton on the 19th
September 1876, for "An Improvement in the Manufacture of Soles for Boots and
Shoes, and in the Means or Apparatus employed therefor," and although we both
design to attain the same object the conformation and means of making the
apparatus is different; he forms a series of inverted pyramids intersecting at sharp
lines at right angles at base, and in making his apparatus he grooves his mould
plates at right angles, and I cone mine in with drill again; he takes the heel and
point of his to a sharp angle; thus when it is a little worn the bond or foothold is
nearly lost for want of substance. To resist at the root or base of my cone from the
difference in its conformation being round, there is a flat surface equal to the base
of the cone; consequently the resisting power always equal to the grip.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTORS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Fairbank and Benjamin
Hammond Richardson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
13th December 1877.
JOHN FAIRBANK and BENJAMIN HAMMOND RICHARDSON, both of Leeds, in the
County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTORS."
Our Invention is applicable to chairs, tables, bedsteads, and other furniture, also
for other purposes where castors may be employed.
The upper part of the castor consists of a plate, which may be of circular or other
convenient form, and is either fastened directly to the piece of furniture, or a socket
to receive the lower end of the leg is provided.
The lower part of the castor consists of a plate, on which arms or brackets aro
provided, between which a roller of ordinary construction is also provided and
fitted.
The upper and lower parts of the castor are held together by means of a suitable
pin or screw in the centre thereof, in each plate are provided corresponding circular
grooves, in which a suitable number of metal rollers or balls are placed.
By this arrangement the castor turns more freely in any direction than those of
ordinary construction, and friction is very much reduced.
AN IMPROVED PORTABLE APPARATUS FOR CUTTING, MORTISING, MITREING, AND SLOTTING WOOD
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Orlowski at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th February 1877.
JOSEPH ORLOWSKI, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster. "AN IMPROVED
PORTABLE APPARATUS FOR CUTTING, MORTISING, MITREING, AND SLOTTING WOOD."
This Invention relates to the construction of a portable cutting apparatus which
may be used for a variety of purposes, such as cutting, scribing, and fitting sash
bars, mortising and tenoning door frames, mitreing mouldings, and slotting laths
for Venetian blinds.
The apparatus consists of a bed plate to which is cast a standard (or standards
for supporting the fulcrum of a lever of the second kind. This lever is provided
with a long handle, and near its fulcrun it has a slot which acts upon a projection
from a socket capable of sliding up and down on a guide or guides.
The socket is for holding the chisel or gouge, which is to be made of a form to
correspond with the cut to be made, and the tool carrier can be turned round its
vertical axis and fixed at any angle desired.
The work is held in a trough, sliding in or on a bed plate, and moved forwards or
backwards by means of a toothed rack and pinion. The work is fixed in the
trough by means of wooden blocks or wedges.
AN IMPROVED MEANS OF EXHIBITING ADVERTISE- man, MENTS.
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Charles Collier and James
Payne Popham at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st
August 1877.
ALBERT CHARLES COLLIER, of Addiscombe, in the County of Surrey, Gentle-
and JAMES PAYNE POPHAM, of Ravensbourne Villas Road, Forest Hill, in the
County of Kent, Gentleman. "AN IMPROVED MEANS OF EXHIBITING ADVERTISE-
man,
MENTS.'
"
This Invention relates to an improved and novel system to be used as a means of
framing and publishing advertisements; and it is designed to supersede all other
methods hitherto in use, that is to say, with regard to efficiency, neatness of
appearance, durability, and economy.
The said Invention is carried into practice as follows:-On a plate constructed of
a round, square, oval, or other desirable form, is arranged in the centre thereof a
barometer, thermometer, and storm glass combined. In the surface of the said
plate, which may be made of iron, wood, tin, papier maché, or of other suitable
material, openings are formed. Behind these openings are placed sheets of card
or other material, on which are printed the advertisements.
The said advertisements are printed in any suitable color, one for each of the
openings in the said plate, and can at any time be changed by simply drawing out
one sheet of card and substituting another, thus rendering the reversion of the
advertisements a matter of great simplicity.
On the top of the aforesaid plate, or at any suitable position on the same, may
be arranged a calender, showing the day, month, and year, which will be found of
great public convenience.
The openings or holes as above alluded to, and which are designed for the
exposing of the advertisements, may be formed of any desirable shape, that is to
say, square, circular, oval, or the like.
It will be seen that the said improved advertising medium, having the barometer,
thermometer, and storm glass arranged on it, and also the above-said calender,
must, without doubt, ensure a large amount of public attention, and cause a more
than ordinary attractiveness of the advertisements thereon exposed.
C
רנ

page_text: Although the said plate has been described as provided with a barometer,
thermometer, and storm glass combined, it will be understood that without departing
from the spirit of the Invention a barometer, thermometer, or storm glass may also
be arranged separately or independently of each other.
When this improved advertising medium is to be used in restaraunts, music
halls, or other like places of resort, receptacles are provided, of any desirable form,
for the containing of splints, matches, and the like, and are fixed at the sides of the
frame of the aforesaid plate, and this device will prove of great public convenience.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN OR RELATING TO THE STARTING AND WORKING OF CONDENSING ENGINES FOR WINDING AND OTHER PURPOSES."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Scarisbrick Walker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th February 1877.
JOHN SCARISBRICK WALKER, of Wigan, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN OR RELATING TO THE STARTING AND WORKING OF CONDENSING ENGINES
FOR WINDING AND OTHER PURPOSES."
In starting and working at varying speeds or intermittently winding and other
engines, it is very desirable to start with a full vacuum at once. This can be done
by employing another engine to work the air pump. The fault of this arrangement
is that little power is required when the main engine is standing, and a very much
larger amount when the latter is working, whereas, under ordinary circumstances,
the auxilliary engine gives out approximately the same power all the while.
Now my Invention consists in so connecting the auxilliary engine with the main
one, that the power exerted by the former shall be in proper ratio to the work per-
formed. There are many plans of doing this; the one I at present prefer is as
follows:-On the steam pipe of the auxilliary engine I place a throttle valve, with a
governor so arranged that when the main engine is standing but the auxilliary one
running, it shall admit just sufficient steam to keep up a good vacuum in the con-
denser and no more. This may be done without any movement of the governor
by allowing constant opening of sufficient size. The governor is connected with the
main engine by belting gearing or otherwise, so that its speed is proportional to
that of the main engine, and as a necessary result the valve is opened propor-
tionately thereto also. If a turbine or other motor be used instead of an engine, the
water is regulated in a similar manner. The injection water is also regulated by
the auxilliary engine or the governor.
A SELF-STEERING AERIAL TOY AND ADVERTISING MEDIUM
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL -SPECIFICATION left by Jean Sébastien Anacharsis Ménier
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents of the 14th February 1877.
JEAN SÉBASTIEN ANACHARSIS MÉNIER, Civil Engineer, of Tavistock House,
Tavistock Square, in the County of Middlesex. "A SELF-STEERING AERIAL TOY
AND ADVERTISING MEDIUM."
My Invention consists of india-rubber balloons (size unlimited) inflated with gas,
supplied with an apparatus consisting of two wings and one tail; also of an
apparatus consisting of one bird's head, two wings, and one moveable tail, which
together or separately are affixed to the body of the balloon, and by means of which
any india-rubber balloon becomes a self-steering aërial toy; also of the said baloons
(furnished or not furnished with or any other apparatus, figures, or drawings)
being used as mediums for advertisements.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CIRCULAR ROTARY FURNACES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Holroyd Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th August 1877.
MICHAEL HOLROYD SMITH, of Halifax, in the County of York, Mechanical
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CIRCULAR ROTARY FURNACES."
This Invention relates to improved apparatus to be used in conjunction with
circular rotary furnaces for breaking up, raising, and distributing accumulation of
fuel.
According to this my Invention I attach to the rotary part of the furnace angle
plates or blades; the latter are so formed and placed, that on being moved by the
going part" of the furnace, the said plates pass under part of the fuel, breaking up,
raising, and distributing the same.
"
In some cases the blades may be stationary, the fuel being brought in contact
therewith by reason of the rotation of other parts of the furnace.
IMPROVEMENT OF HACKLING MACHINES FOR HACKLING FLAX AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Pringle at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th April 1877.
"THE
ALEXANDER PRINGLE, of Bessbrook, in the County of Armagh, Ireland.
IMPROVEMENT OF HACKLING MACHINES FOR HACKLING FLAX AND OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES."
These improvements apply to what are known as "intersecting vertical sheet
hackling machines," the hackles of which are stripped by brushes and doffers, and
consist of a new and improved method of stripping or cleaning the brushes, or any
of them.
The brushes which remove the tow from the hackles are so situated that the
bunches of hair or fibro commonly known as the "staples" of the brushes may
intersect, while at the same time the surface speed or angular velocity of one brush
is greater than that of the other, consequently the tow is removed from the brush
which revolves more slowly, by that which is driven at a higher speed. This latter
then carries the tow forward to the doffer, on which it deposits it, so that one
doffer suffices for each pair of brushes or more, as may be required, whereas hereto-
fore cach brush required a separate doffer; and whereas each doffer required a
doffing knife or other arrangement for removing the tow from it, there is now only
one doffing knife or other arrangement for removing the tow from the doffer
required in conuection with each pair of brushes or more, instead of the two or
more hitherto used. There is therefore economy of space and power as well as
increased simplicity of construction secured by this Invention, and this is especially
noticeable in "double hackling machines," in which four brushes are used, though
the Invention is of great advantage in connection with " single hackling machines,"
in which only two brushes are used.
AN ANTI-CALCAREOUS COMPOSITION FOR PREVENTING INCRUSTATIONS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Thuillard de Froideville and
Henri Taponier at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th
December 1877.
LOUIS THUILLARD DE FROIDEVILLE, Chemist, and HENRI TAPONIER, both residing
at No. 1, Rue Laffitte, Paris, in the Republic of France. "AN ANTI-CALCAREOUS
COMPOSITION FOR PREVENTING INCRUSTATIONS IN STEAM BOILERS."
This Invention of an anti-calcareous composition for preventing incrustations in
steam boilers consists in mixing the fecula of potatoes with water and caustic soda,
which is to be added from time to time to the water in the boilers to be protected, or
to be ameliorated when there are old incrustations.
We do not confine ourselves to the exact proportions, but in practice we have
found these to answer: 15 per cent. of fecula of potatoes mingled and stirred up
successively with 70 per cent. of water, which is then mixed with 15 per cent. of
a saturated solution of caustic soda (corresponding to a strong lye of the soap
boilers).
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BALL AND OTHER TAPS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Anderson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd October 1877.
WILLIAM ANDERSON, of Erith, in the County of Kent, Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BALL AND OTHER TAPS."
The chief object of this Invention is to produce a cheap and efficient tap, applicable
for the supply of water on the constant supply principle.
In constructing a ball tap for cisterns, I employ the slide valve in place of the
conical plug, so arranging it with respect to the supply and discharge, that there
will always be a pressure of water upon the valve, tending to hold it down upon
its seat. The valve will cover the opening of the discharge pipe, and it will be cast
with a recess on its under side to receive the upper end of a rod lever which is
supported on a pivot pin secured to the discharge pipe. The lower end of this rock
lever is fitted to receive the rod of the ball or float, the rising and falling of which
in the cistern will open or close the valve.
.
The valve seat is cast in one with the discharge pipe or nozzle, which is flanged
to provide for the fitting of the valve box thereto by bolts and nuts. This valve
box is cast with a socket on its end to receive the screwed end of the supply pipe.
So long therefore as the valve is closed, à pressure of water will be upon the
valve, which will ensure the close fitting of the valve to its seat. There will
however be no tendency for the valve to stick, but the valve will answer
readily to the rise and fall of the float in the cistern.
In applying my Invention to bib taps, I may work the valve by a finger
projecting from an horizontal spindle, mounted transversely of the tap and`
below the valve seat.
The outer end of this spindle may be fitted with a hand lever for giving a
rocking motion to the finger, and thus opening or closing the valve.
The valve may be made self closing, by fitting this hand lever as a pendent

page_text: weight. In this case the maintaining of a discharge will necessitate the keeping of
the handle in a raised position.
The means for working the slide valve may be varied to suit varying circum-
stances, but in all cases it will be desirable to avoid the use of packing for the spindle
used to transmit motion to the valve by mounting the spindle below the valve
seat.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF TREATING PIPES OR TUBES FOR SMOKING TOBACCO
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Barling and William Barling
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th August 1877.
EDWIN BARLING and WILLIAM BARLING, both of Camden Town, in the County
of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF TREATING PIPES OR TUBES FOR
SMOKING TOBACCO."
The improvements consist in preparing pipes or tubes for smoking tobacco or.
cigars of whatever material made, or in making pipes or tubes of any suitable
material, in such fashion that they may receive, hold, and allow of the combination
with such pipes and tubes of a case, locket, or other receptacle, which may be made
fixed to or removeable therefrom. Also in the combination for useful purposes of a
pipe or tube and a case, locket, or other receptacle, fixed on, in, or about such pipe
or tube, the object being to provide a convenient and ornamental receptacle for
smokers' requisites, such as pastiles, perfume, matches, pipe-cleaning instruments,
or for portraits, medallions, statuettes, plugs, or for any other useful purpose.
The improvements may be conveniently performed by making a pipe or tube of
merschaum in the ordinary manner, and furnishing it, preferably on the upper part,
with a cushion or raised bed, which may be carved out to hold the case or receptacle,
the edges of the cushion being fashioned to represent, say, leaves & flowers, or other
device.
The case or receptacle may be conveniently formed of amber, tortoiseshell, horn,
shagreen, or of any suitable material, and made to open and shut; and may be
made to represent a shell, egg, plum, casket, locket, or other device.
The said receptacle is screwed or otherwise fastened on to the pipe through its
base into the pipe bed prepared for it. Other modes of fastening may be employed.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR INJECTING FLUIDS INTO STEAM BOILERS AND OTHER PLACES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hart at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th July 1877.
WILLIAM HART, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Brass
Founder and Finisher. "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR INJECTING FLUIDS INTO
STEAM BOILERS AND OTHER PLACES." Partly the Invention of George Hart,
deceased.
This Invention will be clearly understood by referring to the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings, in which Fig. 1 is an elevation, and Fig. 2 a section of our
improved injector; a is the body of the injector cast in one piece, having in its
neck an internal screw c to receive the nozzle d, the mouth e being tapped to
receive a feed pap f; leading to the feed pipe g are the suction holes for the supply
of water to the receiving and guiding cone i, bored out of the solid body, and h the
overflow.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-Steam being admitted into the nozzle
d is brought at the bottom of the nozzle into a jet, and acts on the water, forcing it
through the receiving and guiding cone i into the feed pap f, and then into the
boiler or other desired place, the surplus water issuing from the overflow h.
This apparatus is not only applicable for injecting water into steam boilers, but
may be used in any case where a continuous supply of fluid is required to be
injected under steam pressure, such, for instance, as for cleansing and purifying
sulphuric acid and other chemicals, and many other purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ADHESIVE ENVELOPES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Theophilus Horrex at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th September 1877.
THEOPHILUS HORREX, of South Square, Gray's Inn, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ADHESIVE ENVELOPES."
Adhesive envelopes now in general use can be easily opened by means of steam
or other moisture, or by force, without detection, but envelopes manufactured
according to my Invention cannot be opened by such means without detection.
For this purpose, on the reverse or outside of the outer or loose flap of the
envelope, I apply a substance that will render the same waterproof or impervious to
steam or other moisture; and for this purpose I prefer to apply thereto a transparent
varnish, which can be readily applied and dried quickly; the paper should be suffi-
ciently glazed or sized to prevent the varnish penetrating through it. The varnish
I prefer to employ is that description known as "white marble" varnish.
I also, according to the second part of my Invention, stamp or print the envelopes
with a crest, initial, or design, partly or wholly on the part varnished, with an ink
or composition that will readily be wholly or partially effaced if steam or moisture
be applied thereto, thereby further detecting any attempt to open such envelopes by
such means. The ink or composition I have used for this purpose consists of
common writing ink with lump sugar mixed therewith.
For protection against the envelope being opened by force, I, according to the
third part of my Invention, form the bottom flap with a part removed therefrom to
permit of the point of the upper flap being passed under it, so that the point of the
upper flap, after being moistened, can be passed under the lower flap and secured to
the contents of the envelope. I also, for further security, form the end flaps with
extensions to meet under the upper flap, the lower part of such extensions being in
a line or nearly so with the upper edge of that part of the lower flap under which
the point of the upper flap is passed, as before described.
A NEW OR IMPROVED TEXTILE FABRIC
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left. by James Clegg at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th November 1877.
JAMES CLEGG, of Huddersfield, in the County of York, Manufacturer. " A NEW
OR IMPROVED TEXTILE FABRIC."
In the manufacture of my improved fabric I employ what is known as "knop
twisted"
yarn in combination with ordinary yarn for the weft threads. The
knop twisted yarn consists of 2 threads, one of which is wound about the other
in such a manner as to form knops or tufts at intervals. With this yarn I form
loops diagonally or otherwise on the face of the fabric, which loops are afterwards
cut by means of a knife. The piece is then scoured and finished, and presents a novel
appearance arising from the presence of the twisted yarn on the surface, some of
the "kuops" retaining their proper form whilst others during the process of finishing
have become untwisted and spread out the fibres, lying in a loose wavy manner
mingled with the rest of the fabric.
AN IMPROVED VENTILATOR AND SMOKE EXTRACTOR
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Searle, of Cheltenham, in the County of
Gloucester, Gentleman, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED VENTILATOR AND
SMOKE EXTRACTOR."
Sealed the 16th November 1877, and dated the 22nd September 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Searle at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd September 1877.
RICHARD SEARLE, of Cheltenham, in the County of Gloucester, Gentleman.
IMPROVED VENTILATOR AND SMOKE EXTRACTOR.”
(
'AN
This Invention relates to certain improved and simple means of ventilating the
interiors of all kinds of public, private, and manufacturing buildings or apartments,
or other places, and of railway carriages or other conveyances or vehicles, and of
extracting smoke from chimneys, preventing smoky chimneys, and also preventing
any down-draught or inrush of air.
"
The improved apparatus acts on the principle of a syphon, and I therefore
propose to call it the
The Syphon Ventilator and Smoke Extractor," and it is
intended for general use in or for all ventilating and for smoke extracting
purposes.
The improved apparatus is constructed with an upright tube, which is provided
with an "off set" or flange, and is set or fitted fast into the upper part of the room
or place required to be ventilated, or into the chimney or chimney stack; the
upper portion of this tube is turned down at an acute angle in the manner of a
syphon, and this part is in some modifications made of a less diameter than the
upright tube.
At the top part of the bend of the tube I insert or fit a cylindrical or conical
tube of smaller diameter than the main tube, and I run it down the angular syphon

page_text: leg to near its lower extremity, and the upper part of this inserted tube I form of
an extended or basin shape and of any desired ornamental character or form;
or in another modification I make this tube with the same extended or basin-
shaped top, but I do not insert it into the angular syphon leg till about near the
lower end thereof, but in both of these modifications it will have the same effect.
The principle of the action of this improved method or means of ventilation and
of extracting smoke is that the pressure of the atmosphere on the extended or basin-
shaped top of the inserted tube will cause a down rush of air therethrough, which,
being directed out of the mouth of the angular syphon leg, will induce an upward
current in the vertical tube, and will effectually ventilate the building, room, or
other place, or the carriage or other vehicle, and free the same from noxious or
unpleasant vapours or smells; and in the case of chimneys, will extract the smoke
and prevent any inrush of air and smoky chimneys the result thereof.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CUTTING OFF THE ENDS OF CIGARS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Maurice Gerstley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th April 1877.
MAURICE GERSTLEY, of the Firm of Wagner and Gerstley, of London Wall, in
the City of London, Merchants. "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CUTTING OFF
THE ENDS OF CIGARS."
This Invention consists in the construction of an improved apparatus for auto-
matically cutting off the ends of cigars by simply pressing the end of the cigar
into a hole in the cover of the apparatus.
The improved apparatus consists of a rectangular-shaped metal box, the upper
edge of which inclines from the back towards the front, and to the back of the
box is hinged a cover; the sides of the cover are of a triangular form, and the front
end thereof is of a curved form, the cover working freely in the box. Across the
inside of the box, and near the back thereof works an axis provided with two arms
carrying a plate, on the upper surface of which is screwed a sheet metal knife or
cutter forined with chisel edges. A spiral spring on the said axis keeps the said
knife by means of the arms and plate against the under surface of the cover of
the apparatus, and also presses the cover upwards. In the front end of the cover
is a vertical slot, through which passes a screw in the front of the box, by which
the upward play of the cover is limited. In the top of the cover and near the
front thereof is or are one or more chainfered holes. The parts are so arranged that
when the cover is in its normal position the edge of the knife or cutter is clear of
the hole or holes in the cover. To cut off the end of a cigar it is merely necessary
to slightly press the pointed end thereof in one of the said chamfered holes by which
the cover will be moved downwards, which will cause the knife or cutter to be
brought forward under the holes and cut off the end of the cigar, the part cut off
falling into the interior of the box; the cigar being withdrawn, the herein-before
described spring will carry the parts back to their normal position ready for another
operation.
When a number of the cut off cigar ends have accumulated in the box, the screw
in the front end thereof can be removed, so as to allow the cover to be opened, when
the box can be emptied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DOMESTIC ICE MACHINES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis George Henry at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th December 1877.
FRANCIS GEORGE HENRY, of 15, Nelson Square, Blackfriars, London, Mechanical
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DOMESTIC ICE MACHINES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in domestic ice-making machines,
and consists of an apparatus constructed with two or more chambers, which are in
connection by means of a pipe or other suitable appliance. In one of these
chambers the mixture which is to be frozen is placed, in the other the freezing
agent. These chambers are constructed with re-entiant vessels or recesses for
holding theso agents, and are charged with a suitable volatile liquid in such pro-
portion that the evaporation of the liquid from the freezing chamber or chambers
into the chamber containing the freezing agent is sufficient to effect the congelation
of the liquid which is placed therein, i e., in the freezing chambers aforesaid.
In constructing an apparatus for effecting this purpose several ficezing chambers
may be employed of the same or different sizes, and the action will be precisely the
same, providing that the communications are maintained in similar proportions.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Malloch at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th January 1877.
JOHN MALLOCH, of Johnstone, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain, Cotton
Spinner. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES."
•
This Invention, which relates to "improvements in carding engines," has for its
object the confining and carrying over the main cylinder of the carding machine the
fly or loose fibre from the cotton or other material being operated upon. It consists
of one or more small cylinders having either a roughened or smooth surface, but by
preference smooth, arranged in the angular space or corner which is formed by the
contact of the peripheries of the main cylinder of the carding engine and the smaller
or "taker in" cylinder, but such cylinder or cylinders may also be applied at other
points on the circumference of the main cylinder. The cylinder or cylinders is or
are supported in bearings at each side of the machine in such a manner as to be
adjustable either in a vertical or horizontal direction, so that it or they can be
drawn in or run out to leave anyrequired opening or space between the periphery
there and that of the main and taker-in cylinder. The cylinder or cylinders is or
are caused to revolve by means of toothed wheels, or by any of the other means
generally employed to obtain a rotary motion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REFLECTING SURFACES FOR INCREASING THE ILLUMINATING OR LIGHTING POWER OF GAS AND OTHER LIGHTS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Waterson Cryer and George
Button at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th October
1877.
JOHN WATERSON CRYER and GEORGE BUTTON, both of Kingston-upon-Hull,
Yorkshire. "IMPROVEMENTS IN REFLECTING SURFACES FOR INCREASING THE
ILLUMINATING OR LIGHTING POWER OF GAS AND OTHER LIGHTS."
This Invention relates to the employment of reflectors whereby a greater
reflecting power, and a very great saving of gas, oil, or other lights are obtained.
We use corrugated and fluted glass in the place of the ordinary smooth surface
reflectors now in use. We use an inverted cone, also an octagon cone, made of our
corrugated and fluted glass to the centre of the gasaliers, pendants, and lamps, and
around this cone we have a second reflector made of the same with its reflecting
surfaces in the inside, and of an angle to that of the cone; between the cone and the
second reflector, or a little below the cone, are the projecting jets of gas or other
lights.
The light between the two corrugated and fluted reflectors combine to produce a
brilliant flood of light, which light is thrown downwards below the gasalier, pendants,
or lamps of greater power than the smooth surfaces, whether in one or a number of
strips of glass or other reflecting materials.
For shop windows, inside and outside, counters, billiard tables, and general pur-
poses, where very great light is wanted to be reflected or any object, we make
the internal and external reflectors oblong, and jets of light horizontally with and
between the reflectors.
For churches, chapels, theatres, and other large buildings where the light is
required to be lit in the ceiling, we employ somewhat same shape as the ordinary
sunlight; in the centre we fix our corrugated and fluted cone, surrounded with pro-
jecting jets of lights, over or around this cone the second reflector, leaving an open

page_text: space between the cone and the top edge of the second reflector for the purpose of
ventilating, and for the Heater gas lights to escape.
For streets and other lamps the top of which we use, the same as just described;
but instead of the jets of lights only one burner can be used if preferred. We
also make, for reflection, corrugated and fluted glass coated with fire and waterproof 5
cement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GLASS WATER GAUGES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Sonnenthal at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th May 1877. A communication from
abroad by Richard Meusel, of Geiersthal, Thuringia, in the German Empire.
RICHARD SONNENTHAL, of No. 34, Aldermanbury, in the City of London.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GLASS WATER GAUGES." [A communication from abroad by
Richard Meusel, of Geiersthal, Thuringia, in the German Empire.]
The glass tubes employed in gauges for indicating the level of water in steamı
boilers are liable to crack in consequence of their exposure to currents of air of
varying temperatures.
The object of this Invention is to provide for such glasses protection against such
accidents. For this purpose the glass tube is made double, that is to say, it consists
of two glass tubes, the one within the other, with an annular air space between them.
These two tubes are united together at or near each end, and in order to allow for
variations in their length without straining them, the inner tube is twisted near
either or both ends in helical form, so as to give by the convolutions of its helix a
certain amount of elasticity in the direction of the length of the tubes.
The outer tube may have a small air hole, and either it or the inner tube may
have a backing of enamel, gilding, or other coloured material, so as to present a
clearer indication of the water level in the inner tube.