A PUMP OR APPARATUS FOR DRAWING-OFF SODA WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS IMPREGNATED WITH FIXED AIR
Year: 1814

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DAVID
GRANT, of Pickett Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Soda Water
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present Majesty King George the Third, by His Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at Westminster,
the Twenty-seventh day of April now last past, did give and grant unto me,
the said David Grant, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege, and
authority, that I, the said David Grant, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, and such others as I, the said David Grant, my executors, adminis
trators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "A PUMP OR
APPARATUS FOR DRAWING-OFF SODA WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS IMPREGNATED
WITH FIXED AIR;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso,
obliging me, the said David Grant, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause
the same to be inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within
two calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said recited
Letters Patent, as in and by the said recited Letters Patent, reference being
thereunto had, will more fully appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said David
Grant, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention is described
by the Drawing hereto annexed, and in manner following, that is to say:-
A measure or vessel of a given size is attached to any reservoir, of which
the contents are to be measured off in such manner as that the measure shall
be alternately filled from the reservoir and emptied into the open air, by which
means, when the connections are properly made, soda water or other aerated
waters which require to be kept under pressure, are delivered for immediate
use less injured in the drawing off than by any other method hitherto in
practice. Soda water is good in proportion to the quantity of fixed air
incorporated with it, but as there is no chemical union between the fixed air
and the water, the air has a perpetual tendency to disengage itself and fly off;
this escape is permitted in some degree by every diminution of pressure, and is
facilitated by agitation. To continue this pressure and to prevent agitation under
diminished pressure is the object of my Invention. The expansive force of soda
water is such, as that it discharges itself with violence when an opening is made
for it directly into the open air; I have therefore an intermediate vessel for
receiving it from the reservoir, from which intermediate vessel or measure it is
drawn off without being urged by the expansive force of the reservoir. But the
expansive force of the reservoir would force the water into the measure with
equal and injurious violence, if the measure were not previously prepared to
receive it leisurely, by being filled with air in a degree equal to the expansive
force of the reservoir. I have therefore provided for charging the measure
with air under equal pressure with that of the reservoir, previous to letting the
water flow from the reservoir into the measure, and have provided against the
water in the measure being discharged with any greater force than that of its
own gravity. The principle may be illustrated in the following manner :-
Let A be a reservoir; B, the measure; C, D, E, F, four stop-cocks; C, c, c, c,
a tube leading from the top of the reservoir, and opening by the cock C into
the measure; D, d, d, d, a tube leading from the bottom of the reservoir, and
opening by the cock D into the measure; E, a cock opening the top of the
measure into the open air; F, a cock opening from the measure into the nozzle
or spout for running off. The reservoir is in any degree filled with soda water
or other fluid under strong pressure; the measure is shut under a common
atmospheric pressure; the cock C is opened, which admits the air from the top
of the reservoir into the measure, by which the measure is charged with the
whole pressure sustained by the reservoir. An equilibrium of pressure being
thus procured betwixt the reservoir and the measure, the cock D is opened, when
the water enters without agitation or other force than that of its own gravity,

page_text: and the measure being lower, the water from the reservoir will rise to find its
level in the measure, and in doing so, will urge the air from the measure
back, through the tube c, c, c, into the reservoir; the cocks C and D are then
shut; the measure is now insulated, filled with sola water which has never
been exposed to a diminished pressure; the cock E at the top of the measure
is then opened to the atmosphere, by which the extra pressure is let off; and
lastly, the cock F at the bottom of the measure being also opened, the water
will flow out at the spout into the open air, when it is received in a glass or
other cup for immediate use. To repeat the operation, the cocks E and F are
again shut, and C and D successively opened, by which the measure is again
filled, and is again emptied by again shutting C and D, and opening in
succession E and F. But though the above is given to illustrate the principle,
and may be adopted by connecting the four cocks so as to be alternately shut
and opened in the order required by one stroke of a handle, yet I have adopted
in my practice the use of only one cock, perforated in such manner as that by
a quartered turn of the stopper the operation of filling the measure is
performed, and by returning that quarter the measure is emptied. It is by
having a stop-cock fixed in a convenient situation so as that the stopper lies
horizontally, the stopper is furnished with an arm or lever for turning it.
The cock has three openings for the transmission of the water; one on the
top, one on the under side, and one in front, at right angles to one another,
and all equally distant from one another. The stopper is also pierced with
three holes, one from the top, one from the under side, and one behind, also at
right angles to one another, equidistant, and all meeting in the centre. Into
the lower opening of the cock is inserted a pipe from the bottom of the
reservoir; upon the top is placed the measure, which is a perpendicular tube
containing about half a pint; in the opening of the cock, in front, is a spout or
nozzle. In the first position, the lower opening of the stopper and the lower
hole of the cock which opens into the reservoir being together, and the upper
opening of the stopper being at the same time exposed to the upper opening
of the cock which opens into the measure, and the upper and lower holes of
the stopper meeting in the centre, the communication is formed between the
reservoir and the measure; the water descends from the reservoir, and rises
through the cock into the measure. To run off the water from the measure,
the lever which projects upwards from the stopper is drawn forward a quarter
circle, and turns the stopper a quarter round; thus the front of the stopper
which has no hole is turned down upon the lower opening of the cock, and
shuts out the communication with the reservoir. The lower hole of the
stopper is turned backwards to the back part of the cock where it is shut, the

page_text: back part of the cock having no orifice; the whole of the stopper which was
behind and shut is now turned up, and opens into the top hole of the cock,
and through it into the bottom of the measure; the top hole of the stopper is
turned forward, and opens to the spout: Thus the communication is opened
from the measure to the spout, and the water descends from the measure
through the cock into the spout, where it is received into any cup for immediate
use. By pushing the lever the quarter circle back, the cock is again in the
position for allowing the measure to fill, and by alternately pushing back and
pulling forward the lever upon this quarter circle, the measure is alternately filled
and emptied. The air communications are in the same cock and arranged in
the same manner as the water channels already described; viz: a pipe from
the reservoir, which is inserted at the top, communicates by an opening in the
lower side of the cock, from the top of the cock or pipè communicates with
the top of the measure; another opening of the cock is in front, and opens to
the atmosphere. The stopper is perforated to correspond with these air holes,
in the same arrangement as the other series for the water. When the cock is
turned to fill the measure, the air from the top of the reservoir rushes into the
measure, and prepares it for receiving the water. The turn of the stopper
which lets off the water from the measure, while it shuts the communication
between the reservoir and the measure, opens that from the top of the
measure to the atmosphere, into which the extra pressure is discharged, and
an equilibrium is restored between the measure and the atmosphere. The
adits of the cock are so adjusted, that in turning the stopper the air communi-
cations open a little sooner than the water. The inconveniency of this
communication with the atmosphere is, that it admits a measure of common air
at every turn into the reservoir, which must contaminate the gas in the reservoir:
To remedy this, I have a seperate reservoir of air condensed to the pressure of
the reservoir; to this, I introduce the pipe from the bottom of the cock, and
have no air communication with the reservoir. To conclude, the arrangements
for carrying my Invention into effect admit of great variety, nor can the
mechanist easily err, if he attend to the points which have been inserted
respecting the intermediate vessel and the modes of communication in the
foregoing description of a modification or modifications which have been found
compleatly to answer the intended purpose.
In witness whereof, I, the said David Grant, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fourteen
DAV. (L.S.) GRANT.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Twenty-seventh day of
June, in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid David Grant came before
our Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specifica-
tion aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute in that case made and provided.
Inrolled the same Twenty-seventh day of June, in the year above
written.