matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN ABDOMINAL SUPPORTERS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joshua Crawford at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th May
1866.
I, JOSHUA CRAWFORD; of the City of Toronto, in the County of York and
Province of Canada, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ABDOMINAL SUPPORTERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in abdominal supporters,
and consists of a belt or zone composed of girth, web, cloth, or other elastic
material, five inches wide in front and two inches wide behind, and is
supported by two braces or suspenders which pass over the shoulders and
cross behind, and are fastened to the belt or zone. before and behind with
buttons like ordinary suspenders. Or the belt or zone may be supported by
shoulder braces which pass around each shoulder, and instead of crossing
behind they are connected by two elastic straps, the upper one across the
shoulder blades and the lower one at the small of the back; these braces, as
the others, are fastened to the belt or zone by buttons as ordinary suspenders in
front. Two narrow straps are attached to the lower edge of the belt or zone;
these are passed around the thighs and are fastened at the other end to the
belt or zone near the groin; to each of these narrow straps is attached another
similar strap, which is attached at the other end to the body of the belt or
zone at or near the hip bone; buckles are provided at proper points to adjust
the belt or zone and the thigh straps to the size of the person.

page_text: Object of the Invention.-To give relief and effect a cure in cases of rupture;
to support the abdomen effectually, and thereby relieve and prevent piles ; to
prevent and cure inflammation of the bowels; to prevent and assist a cure in
cases of consumption and in dyspepsia; to prevent abortion and other diseases
incidental to the trunk of the body, and promote general health and longevity.
IMPROVED MODES OF AND APPARATUS FOR OPENING AND CLOSING RAILWAY CARRIAGE AND OTHER WINDOWS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Augustus Elliott at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
May 1866.
I, GEORGE AUGUSTUS ELLIOTT, of Beckenham, in the County of Kent,
Architect, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MODES OF AND APPARATUS FOR OPENING AND CLOSING RAILWAY CARRIAGE AND
OTHER WINDOWS," to be as follows:-
The chief object of my Invention is to afford ready means of opening and
closing windows from the inside of the carriage by simply turning or moving
a handle. I connect a cranked handle to a pinion in gear with another pinion
on a vertical rod with a quick thread cut thereon. To the lower part of the
window I.fix a bracket or matrix, formed with an aperture to fit over the
threaded rod; the side of the aperture carries one or more projections which
take into the thread of the rod. By turning the handle the pinions and
vertical rod are caused to revolve, and the bracket or matrix and consequently
the window is raised or lowered as the case may be. Instead of the second
pinion and vertical rod I sometimes make the first pinion gear into a vertical
rack on the window sash, so that when the handle is turned the rack and
therefore the window receives a vertical motion.
Another mode of raising and lowering windows consists in fitting a cranked
handle to the axis of a roller or wheel, the periphery of which is formed with
cogs or projections to take hold of the links of a chain which passes over this

page_text: roller and over a similar roller fitted to the lower part of the carriage door or
other fixed part. The chain is fixed to any convenient part of the window
sash, and as the handle is turned the rollers revolve and act upon the chain
to raise or lower the sash, Sometimes I apply handles to the outside of the
carriages to act upon the rollers or upon the vertical threaded rod to enable
the windows to be closed or opened from the outside.
I do not limit myself to the employment of handles to act upon the rollers
or vertical threaded rod as any other convenient appliance may be adopted.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MATERIAL OR COMPOSITION OF MATERIALS SUITABLE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR LEATHER IN VARIOUS APPLICATIONS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Martin Löbren at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st January 1866.
-A communication from Philipp Wenzel, residing at the "Rhein Allee,"
Mainz-on-the-Rhine, in the Grand Duchy of Hesse Darmstadt
(Germany).
I, MARTIN LÖHREN, of Frankfort-on-the-Main, in Germany, Merchant, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
MATERIAL OR COMPOSITION OF MATERIALS SUITABLE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR LEATHER
IN VARIOUS APPLICATIONS," communicated to me from Philipp Wenzel, a person
resident at the "Rhein Allee," Mainz-on-the-Rhine, in the Grand Duchy of
Hesse Darmstadt (Germany), to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a material composed of gelatine, gum arabic,
caoutchouc, and tanninum, to which glycerine is sometimes added. By these
means a composition is formed suitable as a substitute for leather in various
applications of that material; any desirable colouring agent may be added.
The following method and proportions, to which however I do not restrict
myself, may be adopted :-Dissolve 4 parts gelatine in 10 parts of warm
water, add 1 part gum arabic, reheat, stir, and add part caoutchouc ;
when somewhat cooled add a colouring material if desired, spread on an even
surface, and when cool place the mixture in a tanninum liquor or bath.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF SUBMARINE TELEGRAPHIC CABLE FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRIC DESPATCHES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Ernest Baron de Gablenz
and Henry Mahler at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 14th February 1866.
We, HENRY ERNEST Baron DE GABLENZ, junior, and HENRY MAHLER, Doctor
of Philosophy, both of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Pussia, now of No. 60,
Boulevart de Strasbourg, Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF SUBMARINE
TELEGRAPHIC CABLE FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRIC DESPATCHES," to be as
follows:-
The said cable intended for the transmission of electric despatches across
seas, lakes, or large rivers is composed of a central part or core of hemp, and
the copper wire fluid conductor is rolled up in a spiral line around the said
core, the copper wire is previously lined with an insulating silk thread.
The cable is then strengthened inside from place to place by iron wire
bundles, and a similar wire is placed in the very centre of the hemp core in
the whole length of the cable; this central wire can be also used for the
transmission of despatches by means of the induction fluid which is produced.
IMPROVE= MENTS APPLICABLE TO LOCKS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Hopps at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
June 1866. A communication from abroad by George Kitteridge, of
San Francisco, California, United States of America.
I, GEORGE HENRY HOPPS, of San Francisco, in the United States of
America, but at present residing at 44, Castle Street, Liverpool, in the County
of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE=
MENTS APPLICABLE TO LOCKS," to be as follows, reference being had to the
accompanying Drawings, and to the figures marked thereon, like numbers
being used to denote similar parts :-
This Invention relates to the class of keyless changeable locks, which
consist of a number of discs or wheels, which being set to any combination of
numbers or letters can be locked and unlocked at that position only.
No. 1, the plate of plate iron or steel; No. 2, the bolt of steel; No. 3,
the brass journals; No. 4, a disc of iron with a steel barrel to carry the
armature through the lock and door of vault for turning the wheels;
Nos. 5, 6, 7, and 8, toothed wheels having small springs in their inner
surface, corresponding to that on No. 10, as shown, so that the wheels can be
turned only one way; No. 9, brass cap with iron screw to screw into the
armature to secure the wheels in place; No. 10, brass plate secured to the

page_text: outer plate by screws to carry the wheels inside and spring No. 13; No. 12,
four standards with screw and nut to secure the inner plate; No. 13, brass
spring to secure wheel No. 5 from turning only one way; No. 14, a circular
arm having a pin playing in the slot in the bolt, and turned by the handle
No. 11 passing through the door, it also carries teeth or pins playing in the
slots of the wheels Nos. 5, 6, 7, 8, and 10; No. 15, cover to inside of lock,
made of two thicknesses of one-eighth inch iron plate secured by brass nuts
on the standards No. 12. The manner of operating the lock is to unscrew
the cap No. 9, after removing the inner plate, and the arm No. 14; take out
the set of wheels, and set the springs at any of the slots on the inner surface,
taking note of the number of the slot of each ring, replace the wheels and
set the spring of No. 10; then screw everything in place; now turn the knob
of the combination to the left until the long tooth seen on No. 10 shall come
round, this is ascertained by the click; then turn to the right the number
of clicks on which your outer wheel is set, if at No. 5 then five clicks, then
turn to the left until the long tooth appears on No. 6, then to the right until
your number has been turned, and so on until your combination is exhausted,
then turn the knob carrying the arm No. 14, and you have it unlocked.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING THE FLOW OF WATER OR OTHER LIQUIDS OR FLUIDS THROUGH PIPES OR ORIFICES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Clayton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th June 1866.
I, ALFRED CLAYTON, of Kingston, in the County of Surrey, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
REGISTERING THE FLOW OF WATER OR OTHER LIQUIDS OR FLUIDS THROUGH PIPES
OR ORIFICES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in having a tube of indian-rubber or of any other
flexible material not liable to injury from water or such other liquid or fluid
as may be passed through it, which said tube is pressed against by the
arms of a small wheel so as nearly or entirely to close it. Circumstances will
determine the number of such arms, but four, six, or eight will generally be
found sufficient. The extremities of the arms may be furnished with small
rollers to aid their passage over the flexible tube. The water being admitted
at the inlet end of the flexible tube presses against the extremity of the arm,
and so urges it forward till the next arm takes its place, which is pressed
forward in like manner, and the small wheel is thus kept constantly revolving.
By suitably connecting it with a counter the quantity of water or other liquid
or fluid passed through the tube may be registered.
AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR THE PRESERVATION OF WOOD
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Augustus de la Gautraye at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
August 1866.-A communication from abroad by Monsieur Manne
(Anatole), of 47, Rue des St Peres, Paris, Gentleman.
I, AUGUSTUS DE LA GAUTRAYE, Esqr, of 6*, Belvedere Road, Lambeth, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR
THE PRESERVATION OF WOOD," that has been communication to me from abroad
by Mr. Manne (Anatole), of 47, Rue des Sts Peres, Paris, Gentleman, to be
as follows:-
The logs or pieces of wood are to be immersed during less or more time
in a bath purposely prepared; that bath must be kept a boiling until complete
penetration of the wood; such penetration is obtained by my liquid solution
without pressure or any other means, mechanical or not. In a recipient made
of wood, or metal, or masonry, no matter its shape, but of course appro-
priated to the dimension of the wood to be penetrated, a volume of water
necessary for the immersion is caused to boil. In the meantime each of the
ingredients that are to be combined in the bath is dissolving in separate
vessels; once dissolved they are poured in the boiling water, and the liquid is
kept boiling until the end of the penetrating operation, that varies from two
to six hours according to the volume and the essence of the woods to be
penetrated. After the ingredients composing the bath have been put together
in the boiling water I agitate the mixture and soak the wood in it. The

page_text: composition of the bath is as follows per 22 gallons of water:-Sulphate of
copper, 12 lb. potash, 3 Ib. 5 ounces; alum, 7 ounces; bay salt, 1 lb.
2 ounces; solution of lime, 1 lb. 11 ounces.
Working implements:-1, a shed large enough to shelter a certain
number of tubs or vats; 2nd, tubs or vats with covers and hydraulic joints to
immerse the wood in; 3rd, a reservoir containing the solution that is to
supply the tubs during the operation; 4rd, a boiler and serpentines to
produce and to convey the steam destined to warm the bath; 5th, a crane
and trucks to carry the logs to the recipients and to take and carry them off;
a few light rails to serve as a tramway for the crane and trucks.
A New MODE OF ADVERTISING
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Lerouge at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th Juno
1866.
I, PIERRE LEROUGE, of 68, Queen Street, Cheapside, in the City of London,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A New
MODE OF ADVERTISING," to be as follows:-
My mode of giving publicity consists of 2 parts, viz. :-
1st, of a prospectus, on which is printed advertisements of merchants,
shopkeepers, or other trades or professions, who wish to be made known as
selling for cash with a deduction of a certain per-centage to all persons pur-
chasing from them. This prospectus will be given away, resulting in making
their houses known, and a profit to the purchaser. Attached or printed to this
prospectus is a ticket, stating the discount to be allowed, which latter can also
be attached or printed with the advertisement to covers of newspapers, covers of
books, accounts, circulars, price currents, or any other sort of envelope, or
bags containing parcels. That which consists the mode of my Invention is
the reciprocity that will be between all those who are inscribed in the said
prospectus or advertisement, they, the sellers, can again pass the same ticket
in making other purchases for the same sum, so that it will cause a perpetual
movement amongst the advertised dealers.
2nd, consists of another form of publicity by means of redeeming coupons
of 5 or 10 per cent., to which is also added, as in the 1st, a list of advertisers
who have agreed to receive these coupons in payment of purchases, on condition
that each operation shall be given to them, the said coupon, and the amount

page_text: of money stated on the said coupon not yet detached, and so on till the last is
cut from the said redeeming coupon.
coupon. It will then occur that the said
redeeming coupon will then go to reembourse the sum deposited at the office
of the society that has been instituted by the combination of advertisers,
offers to commence a permanent publicity very cheap, and to the purchaser
who uses them the oppertunity of doubling his capital, and to the dealers a
privilege of insuring a prompt sale and for cash.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN DZEING AND PRINTING TEXTILE FABRICS OR YARNS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Dancer at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th March
1866.
I, WILLIAM DANCER, of Cornbrook Hulme, in the County of Lancaster,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN DZEING AND PRINTING TEXTILE FABRICS OR YARNS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the production of new purple and blue colors
upon textile fabrics or yarns, for which purpose I employ the well-known
aniline dye "magenta," and other similar colors. These colors, or salts of these
colors, I reduce and obtain lencaniline and similar bodies; having obtained
such bodies I next act upon them or their salts by means of acetic, aldehyde,
acrolein, or other aldehydes, or mixtures of the same. In this manner new
compounds are produced which may be printed or put upon the textile fabrics
or yarns and afterwards submitted to the action of bichromate of potassium
or other oxidizing agents of a similar kind, when the new color will be
produced and at the same time fixed upon the material employed, the shade
of color produced depending upon the respective quantities of aldehyde and
lencaniline. Violets and blues may also be produced by the oxidation of the
compounds obtained by acting upon lencaniline by means of iodide of ethyl,.
iodide of isopropyl, aniline, and benzoic, and similar acids in a similar manner

page_text: to that employed for their production from rosaniline or its salts. The pro-
portions I use are about as follows:-For one gallon of color I take the
amount of lencaniline obtained by reducing four ounces of rosaniline or
magenta, this I boil for about five minutes with three ounces of aldehyde,
precipitate with caustic soda or lime, and dissolve the precipitate in one 5
gallon of dilute acetic acid.
AN IMPROVED HYDRAULIC STEAM HAMMER
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hector Auguste Dufrené at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 31st January 1866.-A communication from Monsieur Justin
Thevenet, residing at Mont-sur-Marchienne lez Charleroi, Belgium.
I, HECTOR AUGUSTE DUFRENÉ, of the General Patent Offices, 10, Rue
de la Fidélité, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 4, South Street, Fins-
bury, London, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED HYDRAULIC STEAM HAMMER," to be as follows,
that is to say:
The Invention consists in an improved construction of steam hammer.
The object of this Invention is to obtain an instantaneous and powerful
pressure, independence of the different modes of action of the steam
hammer, and lastly facility of working. This inachine consists of a founda-
tion plate resting on the ground, with which is connected the body of a
press with a double receiver of liquid. A steam piston which works in a
cylinder has a rod which acts as a pump piston direct into one of the
receivers; these receivers are in communication or not by means of suit-
able valves according to the use or mode of working the hammer. The
steam piston is balanced by an upward pressure of steam on a lift piston to
which it is directly attached. The to-and-fro movement of the working
lever acting on the slide valves for the supply of steam, whether acting on

page_text: the motive piston of the pump, on the piston, the movement of which works
the valves, or on the lift piston, communicates its different motions to the
piston according to the work to be done. The maximum pressure may be
applied at any part of the stroke at will, on a short or on a long stroke.
This apparatus can be used as a single-action steam hammer, it being
dependent on the play of the working lever. This steam hammer works
with the same facility as the ordinary single or double action steam
hammers, and is actuated by a lever worked by the hand and acting on the
motive rod of a combination of slide valves.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH- LOADING GUNS AND RIFLES, AND IN CARTRIDGES TO BE USED THEREWITH
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Walsh at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th February
1866.
I, JOHN HENRY WALSH, of Kensington, in the County of Middlesex, do.
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-
LOADING GUNS AND RIFLES, AND IN CARTRIDGES TO BE USED THEREWITH," to be as
follows:-,
These improvements relate to that class of breech-loading guns or rifles
wherein the barrel or barrels and the stock are connected together by a hinge
or joint, and the breech end of the barrel is opened for the insertion of the
cartridge either by dropping down the barrel or barrels, or the stock, so as
to separate the breech end of the barrel from the breech plate which is
attached to the stock by the break-off, and are adapted either to what are
known as the pin cartridges or the central-fire cartridges.
In constructing a breech-loading gun or rifle according to my Invention I
make the hinge join in a line with and immediately below the junction of the
barrel or barrels and breech plate, and I provide the breech end of the barrel
or barrels with a strap or projection which when the breech is closed fits into
a recess in the upper side of the breech plate, and is provided with a hole into
which a vertical bolt passes. This bolt passes through the breech plate

page_text: immediately behind the hinge pin, and is connected with a lever so placed that
upon grasping the handle of the stock the hand can press upon the end of the
lever and withdraw the bolt so as to allow the breech to be opened. Upon
releasing the lever a helical spring restores the bolt to its original position.
The hinge is composed of two parts, one attached to the barrel and the other
to the breech plate. There is a projection on the former which when the
barrel or stock is turned down so as to open, the breech acts against a pro-
jection on the breast of the hammer and forces it back to half or full cock,
and upon the part of the hinge attached to the breech plate there are cogs
or projections which take into corresponding notches in a cartridge extractor
sliding beneath the barrel or barrels so as to withdraw the spent cartridge
cases when the breech is opened for re-charging.
In manufacturing cartridges according to my Invention I make the case.
shorter than usual, and I bevil or taper off the fore end of the same, and I
place the charge of shot and greased wad in a thin paper case, and insert it in
the mouth of the case, and fix it therein with gum or cement. By this method
of making the cartridges the greased wad does not come into actual contact
with the powder, which is a frequent cause of deterioration in cartridges as
at present made, and in consequence of the cartridge case being shorter the
chamber in the breech end of the barrel to receive the same can be made
much shorter also, and bevilled or tapered off to fit the fore end of the
cartridge case, so that there is no shoulder inside the barrel.
DECOLORISING THE PRODUCTS OBTAINED IN THE DISTILLATION OF SHALE, COAL, AND WOOD, INCLUDING TAR, FOR THE PURPOSES OF DIPFING, POURING, AND SMEARING SHEEP, AND THUS PRESERVING THE PURITY OF COLOR AND THE HEALTHY. CONDITION OF THE WOOL
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Law at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th July 1866.
I, JAMES LAW, Professor of Anatomy, in the Albert Veterinary College,
Queen's Road, Bayswater, London, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "DECOLORISING THE PRODUCTS OBTAINED IN THE DISTILLATION OF
SHALE, COAL, AND WOOD, INCLUDING TAR, FOR THE PURPOSES OF DIPFING, POURING,
AND SMEARING SHEEP, AND THUS PRESERVING THE PURITY OF COLOR AND THE HEALTHY.
CONDITION OF THE WOOL," to be as follows.-
The color of carbolic, cresylic, or phenic acids, of creosote of the lighter and
heavier products of the distillation of shale, coal, wood, or tar, as well as of
the salts and other compounds or mixtures, into the composition of which any
one or more of these agents enter is effectually removed by the addition of one
01 other of the following:-Acetic acid, malic acid, taitaric acid, and benzoic
acid, of the salts into the composition of which any one or more of these
acids enter, and of the compounds or mixtures, natural or manufactured,. of
which any one of these forms a part
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Darragh at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th May 1866.
I, RICHARD DARRAGH, of Bessbrook, in the County of Armagh, in Ireland,
Temple and Shuttle Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES," to be as follows:
This Invention consists in using a fixed in lieu of a moveable spindle for
carrying the pirn in the shuttle, and in retaining the pirn in its place while
the thread or yarn is passing off by means of a clip or catch attached to or
in connection with a spring.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMB
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Bayliss at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th June 1866.
I, SAMUEL BAYLISS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Gun
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMB," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to breech-loading fire-arms in which the breech ends
of the barrels are opened for charging and closed for firing by the barrels
turning on a joint on the body of the gun so as to enable the open breech
ends to be raised from or depressed against the face of the break-off. Such
fire-arms are commonly called drop-down guns.
My said Invention consists of the arrangement of parts herein-after described
for actuating the cartridge extractors of the said guns. The cartridge
extractor of the said guns consists of a curved piece of metal or extractor let
in flush with the ends of the barrels, and capable of being forced outwards
from the said ends of the barrels on the raising of the breech ends of the
barrels for charging. The rims of the cartridges bear against the said extractor,
and on the moving outwards of the said extractor the cases of the exploded cart-
ridges are started or partly withdrawn from the breech ends of the barrels so
that they can be readily withdrawn by hand. Instead of actuating the said
extractors in the ordinary manner I employ the following arrangement of
mechanism for that purpose:-In the top rib between the barrels 1 make a
cylindrical hole parallel with the axes of the barrels; in this hole the rod
carrying the extractor slides. A parallel short hole underneath the former

page_text: receives a second short rod serving as a guide. Between the barrels and at
that part which is over the joint a vertical slot is made, opening at its top
into the end of the hole in which the extractor rod slides; in this slot the
upper end of a lever works; the said lever is jointed to the under side of
the lump of the barrels. On the body of the gun and in front of the joint is
a projection or stop. When the breech ends of the barrels are raised after
discharge for the purpose of re-charging, the back of the lever is first brought
against the stop or projection in the body, and the said lever is thereby fixed.
The further motion of the barrels brings the end of the extractor rod against
the top of the said lever and forces it outwards, and the extractor is thus
made to start or partially remove the cases of the exploded cartridges from
the barrels. The shutting down of the barrels pushes in the cartridge
extractor flush with the ends of the barrels. By the arrangement described
a very efficient cartridge extractor is made without the weakening of the
lump under the barrels, which occurs in cartridge extractors of the ordinary
construction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THERMO-ELECTRIC BATTERIES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lieutenant-Colonel James Baker
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 21st April 1866.
I, Lieutenant-Colonel JAMES BAKER, of the Army and Navy Club, Pall
Mall, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THERMO-ELECTRIC BATTERIES," to be as
follows:-
A cylindrical stove of any required dimensions is surrounded in a stella form
by pairs of thermo-electric metals placed in circular layers one above the
other, and as close to each other as possible consistent with insulation; the inner
ends of the pairs in each circular layer to approach near to the cylindrical stove,
but not to touch it. At a short distance from these inner extremities the
thermo-electric metals which form the pairs are to be cemented together
with an insulating and fireproof material, forming, as it were, a second cylinder
exterior to the cylindrical stove; exterior to this again, at any required dis-
tance, is to be another similar cylinder, and the interval between the two is
to be filled up with tile dust or any insulating material which is also a good
non-conductor of heat. Near the exterior ends of the pairs is to be fitted
another cylinder of the same kind. The ends formed by the inner insulating
cylinder and the cylindrical stove are to be closed, but the upper end is to be
provided with an apparatus to admit air at will; the ends of the remaining
exterior cylinders to be opened or closed as may be found convenient;
circular trough to be fixed on the upper end of the exterior cylinder, provided

page_text: with drop tubes for dropping water (mixed with common spirit if necessary)
upon the exterior ends of the thermo-electric pairs, and thus to cool them by
evaporation. By this arrangement of insulated circular layers of thermo
electric pairs in close proximity to each other (the current passing in the same
direction through each layer) increased intensity will be obtained by means
of induction, as in the case of an induction coil. By connecting or discon-
necting the layers by means of copper wires arranged for the purpose the
battery may conveniently be used; either for quantity or intensity effects.
Great electric power would be produced with a comparatively small con-
sumption of fuel, and thereby provide a convenient mode of obtaining motive
power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REFINING PARAFFINE WAX
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Leach at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd July
1866.
I, JAMES LEACH, of 4, Franklin Place, St. James' Street, Hatcham, Old
Kent Road, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REFINING PARAFFINE WAX," to be as
follows:-
These improvements consist in the more speedy, effectual, and economical
method of treating crude paraffine so as to render it white, hard, and more
suitable to the purposes for which it is employed.
The process adopted to produce these conditions is to boil the crude
paraffine for about two hours, more or less, with a solution of caustic alkali,
which has the effect of precipitating the oil with which the paraffine is com-
bined; the precipitated oil is then removed by washing; the paraffine is
then submitted to the action of animal charcoal, after which it is filtered and
pressed; it is then remelted, washed, and again subjected to the purifying
power of charcoal, after which it is again filtered and treated with about five
per cent. of naphtha, and pressed; by preference the pressing should take
place while the material is warm. To remove more completely any impurity
that may still exist it is once more remelted, washed, treated with charcoal,
and filtered. All that remains to be done is to run the paraffine into cakes
suitable for the market.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ROASTING COFFEE
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen Allen Hodd and William
Upton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 2nd July 1866.
We, STEPHEN ALLEN HODD, Tea Dealer, and WILLIAM UPTON, Coffee
Roaster, both of Brighton, in the County of Sussex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ROASTING
COFFEE," to be as follows:-
Our improvements in coffee-roasting apparatus relate to small apparatus
most suitable for private houses, and consisting of a small cylinder revolving
on an axis set in motion by a spring and train of wheels or it may be a weight.
The roasting cylinder is enclosed within an outer stationary cylinder, and a
gas jet is provided below which plays on and heats the roasting cylinder. In
connection with the train of wheels is an apparatus communicating at the
proper time with the tap regulating the supply of gas, this is set according to
the time required to roast the coffee, and so that after the lapse of the time
appointed the gas is turned off by the self-action of the machine, whereby the
coffee is always properly roasted even although the machine has no attention
whatever; it is arranged that the cylinder shall be kept revolving some time
after the gas is turned off, in order to the proper cooling of the coffee. The
roasting cylinder is made to slide out of the case on its axis for the purpose

page_text: of filling and emptying the roasting cylinder. The apparatus communicating
with the gas tap consists of a rack in connection with the train of wheels
which is traversed at a slow rate and operates at a given point of its
traverse on a detent which holds the gas tap open, causing the said detent to
release the gas tap, which closes by a weighted lever or otherwise and puts out!
the gas. The rack can be adjusted so as to traverse a greater or lesser distance
before acting on the detent, and so occupying more or less time.
A NEW AND IMPROVED EXPLOSIVE COMPOUND MIXTURE
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th July 1866.-A communication from Baron Alfred Antoine de
Cantillon de Ballyhigue and Edward Cookes, residing at No. 250, Rue
St. Honoré, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices,
24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 38, Porchester
Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW AND IMPROVED EXPLOSIVE
COMPOUND MIXTURE," a communication from Baron Alfred Antoine de Cantillon
de Ballyhigue and Edward Cookes, two persons residing at No. 250, Rue St.
Honoré, Paris, in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of a new and improved explosive
compound mixture by means of sulphate of lime and uric acid. These two
substances are allowed to ferment during twenty-four hours or thereabouts,
and are then put into a recipient on a furnace and subjected to an equal heat
by placing at the bottom of the recipient a layer of sulphate of lime about five
inches thick, over which is poured a layer of the uric acid about half an inch
thick; this latter substance becoming absorbed, triturate whilst hot, and
granulate. The sulphate of lime in its natural state contains strontiane, but
should that used be without some should be added.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING FURNACES FOR SMELTING, PUDDLING, MELTING, AND ANNEALING METALS, OR FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pynson Wilmot Bennitt and Joseph
Matthews at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 22nd January 1866.
We, PYNSON WILMOT BENNITT, of Oldbury, in the County of Worcester,
Ironmaster, and JOSEPH MATTHEWS, of the same Place, Manager, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS
IN HEATING FURNACES FOR SMELTING, PUDDLING, MELTING, AND ANNEALING METALS,
OR FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
We propose to employ as a heating medium for the description of furnaces
above named gas with a blast of atmospheric air. In iron or steel working
we should use the gas from the tunnel head of the blast furnace, but only as
a matter of economy, other common gas answering equally well, and by
operating upon it with a blast which may be regulated at will we can obtain
a very intense or a modified heat, as we may require.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Hooper at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
July 1866.
I, RICHARD HOOPER, of Bradford, near Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Iron Works Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES," to be as follows:-
My Invention is designed for the purpose of effecting the more perfect
combustion of gases evolved from the fuel in furnaces, thereby diminishing
smoke and also preventing the coal forming "clinkers" upon the fire bars.
The improvements consist in forming a cavity or hollow in the walls
extending the whole length of the furnace from the back to the front, the
opening or communication with the outer atmosphere being formed by a
passage opening out behind, the entrance of the air into the same being
governed by a valve. The back of the furnace where the air rushes into the
fire is in the form of a double wall, the outer one of which is built up solid
and the inner one constructed with openings or perforations, the space between
the two walls being a continuation of the cavity or hollow formed in the side
walls of the furnace. The admission of air when entering the furnace is
regulated by the aforesaid valve, and as it passes along the hollow or cavity in
the furnace wall becomes rarified or heated, and in that state passes into the
fire through the perforations in the back of the fire-grate, thereby assisting
combustion and preventing the grate or bars being choked with "clinkers."
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAWING OR PROPELLING BOATS, BARGES, RAFTS, AND OTHER SIMILAR STRUCTURES ON CANALS, RIVERS, AND SUCH LIKE WATERS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th May 1866.-A communication from abroad by Greenleaf Stackpole,
of New York, United States of America.
I, CLINTON EDGCUMBE BROOMAN, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and
Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DRAWING OR PROPELLING BOATS, BARGES, RAFTS, AND OTHER SIMILAR STRUCTURES
ON CANALS, RIVERS, AND SUCH LIKE WATERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention applies to the traction or propulsion of boats, barges, craft,
rafts, and other similar structures on canals, rivers, basins, and other waters.
I construct a continuous rail or bar or its equivalent along the side of the
canal or navigable water, which rail or bar is grasped by traction or friction
wheels operated by steam or other power in the boat to be moved. This
continuous rail may be made of steel, iron, or wood, carefully joined, and of
uniform thickness. It is attached by any convenient means to upright posts.
firmly fixed, and ranging along with the direction of the canal. It may also
be supported by other means, so that the rail shall hang downwards instead of
standing up, and in some cases it may be convenient to use a flat linked chain.
or geared arrangement. The traction or propulsion is effected by means of
traction or friction wheels which grasp the rail and are rapidly rotated in
opposite directions by means of gearing and any well known apparatus,
connected with the motive power in the boat. One only of such wheels may

page_text: be rotated, and in that case the other serves as a guide; and to ensure the
requisite pressure or friction the yoke which connects the two wheels is
provided with set screws. These traction or friction wheels are mounted on
arms or shafts of square section, which have a sliding telescopic motion inside
hollow sleeves, so as to adjust themselves to the varying motions of the boat;
and the machinery is arranged in any convenient or well known manner to
allow of a rocking and lateral as well as an up-and-down motion. To secure
the wheels in their proper position they are provided with flanges which run
in a groove or channel prepared in the rail for the purpose.
Each boat may be provided with the required machinery, or one so provided
may be employed as a "power-boat" to draw a number of ordinary boats.
Instead of rudders or steering apparatus which are injurious to canals, a guide
or guides which slide and adjust themselves to the variations of floatation are
fixed to each boat and run along the rails. By this means not only is the
presence and labor of the steersman dispensed with, but the least possible
motion and disturbance are imparted to the waters of the canal.
DEVELOPING INVISIBLE PHOTOGRAPHS BY THE ACTION OF THE AMMONIA VAPOURS EVOLVED FROM TOBACCO, AND IMPROVEMENTS IN CIGAR TUBES OR HOLDERS AND TOBACCO PIPES FOR HOLDING THE SAID PHOTOGRAPHS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Wilhelm Grüne at the Office of
the. Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th October
1866.
I, WILHELM GRÜNE, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "DEVELOPING INVISIBLE
PHOTOGRAPHS BY THE ACTION OF THE AMMONIA VAPOURS EVOLVED FROM TOBACCO, AND
IMPROVEMENTS IN CIGAR TUBES OR HOLDERS AND TOBACCO PIPES FOR HOLDING THE
SAID PHOTOGRAPHS," to be as follows:-
Having discovered that the ammonia vapours evolved when tobacco or
cigars are smoked are capable of re-producing or re-developing silvered
photographs on papers discoloured or bleached with chloride of
mercury, I
have contrived cigar or tobacco holders which will hold the papers and allow
them to be acted upon by the said ammonia vapours. In each cigar tube or
holder I form a transverse opening, over which the prepared paper is fastened
with gum, starch, or other glutinous matter, so that when the cigar is lit and
the smoke drawn inwards the ammonia vapours will act upon the paper and
cause the photograph to be developed. For tobacco pipes I adopt a similar
plan, taking care that the aperture shall be at sufficient distance from the
lighted end of the pipe to prevent the paper from burning, or I modify the
arrangement by placing behind the chamber which holds the tobacco another
chamber having an opening in which is placed a slide holding the paper, there

page_text: being a space or perforation around the slide to prevent the draught from being
impeded. The papers are manufactured in the ordinary manner as follows:—
Albumen paper is first silvered and the desired photograph copied under its
corresponding negative, the paper is then washed and finally placed in a
solution of chloride of mercury until the image becomes invisible, and after
the paper has been well washed with water it is ready for use.
AN IMPROVED REAPING MACHINE
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Victor Bailleul at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
August 1866..
I, PIERRE VICTOR BAILLEUL, of 7, Rue Leregratier, Paris, in the Empire
of France, Watchmaker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED REAPING MACHINE," to be as follows, that is to say:―
The Invention consists in an improved construction of reaping machine.
This improved machine cuts the stems of the corn and hay, and is put in
motion by hand or otherwise.
To construct the improved machine I place in a carriage a vertical shaft
made to oscillate on its axis, and furnished with an inclined scythe handle
passing over the carriage, so as to shave the ground at its extremity, which is
furnished with one or several scythe blades. The vertical shaft receives an
alternate circular movement by the hand or by means of wheels while the
carriage is moved forward, and the corn or hay are reaped or mowed as by the
ordinary method.
AN IMPROVED MATERIAL FOR COVERING ROLLERS USED IN THE VARIOUS PROCESSES OF MAKING COTTON, LINEN, AND OTHER YARNS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Humber and George Haworth
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
30th June 1866.
We, JAMES HUMBER, Cotton Spinner, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster,
and GEORGE HAWORTH, Manager, of the same Place, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MATERIAL FOR COVERING ROLLERS
USED IN THE VARIOUS PROCESSES OF MAKING COTTON, LINEN, AND OTHER YARNS,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in using for the purpose of covering rollers employed
in the various processes of making cotton, linen, and other yarns the following
materials instead of leather, as now used, viz., the cloth known as and.
commonly called American leather, and all other cloths of whatsoever material,.
either glazed, painted, or varnished or coated in any way or amalgamated with.
india-rubber or such like materials.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS OR STOPPING FOR CURBING HORSES WHEN THEY RUN AWAY OB BECOME UNMANAGEABLE
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Day at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th July
1866
I, GEORGE DAY, of Euston Road, in the Parish of Saint Pancias, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineci, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS OR STOPPING FOR CURBING HORSES WHEN
THEY RUN AWAY OB BECOME UNMANAGEABLE," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists simply in having a strap or a round rein, which I
prefer attached by a buckle or other suitable fastening, say on the near side
of the head strap of an ordinary bundle, and made to pass round underneath
the horse's throat to the opposite or off side, where it goes through a ring or
small pulley and passes down to the curb, where it runs through a similar
ng or small pulley to the person diving From this arrangement it is
evident that should the hoise run away or become unmanageable the diver
can by pulling the icin belonging to the apparatus instantly curb the hoise
by stopping his wind. When not requned the rem hangs loosely, and should
it be found not to relax round the horse's throat when let go this might be
effected by inserting a small piece of straight steel in the rem under his
throat;
this may, however, be done in other ways.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO FEED HORSES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners, of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
September 1866.-A communication from Annet Amable Faure, residing
at Rue de Bruxelles, Paris, in the Empire of France, Civil Engineer.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices,
24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 38, Por-
chester Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, d.)
bereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS TO FEED HORSES," a communication from Annet Amable Faure, a
person residing at Rue de Bruxelles, Paris, in the Empire of France,
aforesaid, Civil Engineer, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a means of keeping the mouth of a horse
constantly near the provender or contents of the nose-bag, which is usually
suspended from his head during a temporary halt, in order to feed him, and
consists in placing within both of the cockades on each side of the horse's
head, or any other part of the harness on the horse's head, a little pulley
actuated by a spiral spring similar to that used in watches, on which pulley is
wound a cord, the free end of which is tied to one of the two cords that belong
to the nose-bag containing the provender. By this arrangement the nose-bag
gradually rises as the provender or the weight of the bag's contents diminishes;
the pulley solicited by the distending spring turns on its axis and so winds
round itself its own cord, which, as it rises, keeps the contents near the horse's
mouth.