matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF BINDING AND MAKING COVERS FOR BOOKS, ALBUMS, MUSIC, PORTFOLIOS, READING CASES, WRITING CASES, &C., &C., OF METAL WITH FLEXIBLE OR TEXTILE JOINTS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Rees at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th June 1881.
HENRY REES, of 196, Westminster Bridge Road, in the Parish of Lambeth, and
in the County of Surrey. "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF BINDING AND MAKING
COVERS FOR BOOKS, ALBUMS, MUSIC, PORTFOLIOS, READING CASES, WRITING
CASES, &C., &C., OF METAL WITH FLEXIBLE OR TEXTILE JOINTS."
By the process the subject of this Invention, covers or cases of books, albums,
portfolios, &c., can be made in metal, such as decorated tin, enamelled iron, polished
nickle or electro plate. To accomplish this I proceed as follows:-I take thin
sheets of metal, by preference decorated or ornamented tin plates, and on which
are printed the names or devices required and suitable for the sides and back of
the book or case, and these are cut and squared to size and shape. The pieces
intended for the sides of the books or cases I cut the corners off one side and
turn over the edges of the other side by the ordinary folding machine in the same
way that a tinman does for wireing. A piece of cloth, canvass, or leather is then
cut to the required size and inserted into the groove formed by the turn over, the
groove with the cloth so inserted is then compressed together, and thus the flexiblo
or textile material is secured to the sheet metal. The piece of sheet metal
intended for the back is turned over on both sides and then rounded to suit the
book or case, the bands being stamped or printed, and the pieces of cloth or leather
which are secured to the side metals are inserted in the grooves on each side of
the back, and then the grooves are compressed, and a perfect case or book cover is
forined. This cover is secured to the boards of the book or case by turning over
the three sides of each of the side pieces, just as a book binder does with the cloth
or leather, and the process is complete. The novelty which is the subject of this
Invention is the application of ornamental metal for bookbinding, and the method
of making the flexible joint which is necessary for this purpose.
-
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Vickers and Robert Vickers
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th November 1881.
RICHARD VICKERS and ROBERT VICKERS, both of Burnley, in the County [of
Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
This Invention relates to that part of the loom known as the "warp beam," and
is designed to impart an uniform amount of friction or drag to the beam, whereby
the weaver is relieved from the necessity of constantly adjusting the friction or
drag of the beam as the warp decreases in bulk or diameter, and a more even and
uniform tension is maintained. For this purpose a bracket or stud is fixed to the
end frame of the loom. On the said stud is jointed a forked lever, between the
prongs of which and on the said stud may be secured one end of a metallic band
which encircles the beam. The other end of metallic band is attached to the
aforesaid fork lever by an adjustable screw or nut, by which the extremity of the
said lever is elevated, and on which is mounted a suitable weight. A cushion or
roller is provided to bear against the warp beam, which in varying in its diameter
allows the weight to gradually slide upon the said lever towards its centre, imparting
an equal tension throughout the whole warp. A spring bearer or rest may be used
to relieve the warp whilst shedding.
AN IMPROVED MONOCYCLE OR ONE WHEEL VELOCIPEDE
Year: 1881

page_text: t
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Brown at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th July 1881.
THOMAS BROWN, of Euston Boad, in the County of Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED
MONOCYCLE OR ONE WHEEL VELOCIPEDE."
According to this Invention the wheel is balanced by two riders, one sitting on
either side thereof. In order to effect this I construct a monocycle substantially as
follows:-
To each end of the axle (which is made to extend sufficiently beyond the boss
of the wheel) I mount a long bracket piece extending downwards, and to the
lower part of this piece is mounted a treadle, so that one foot may work inside the
said bracket and the other outside the axle; the said treadle is made to extend
through the aforesaid bracket piece in order to key a pulley thereon, on which
passes an endless band, which latter passes over another pulley keyed on to the
axle of the wheel. On to the upper part of the aforesaid bracket piece is fixed an
arm which carries the seat. To the lower end of the aforesaid bracket piece works
a curved lever having a small roller at one end thereof; this lever is capable of
being raised and lowered by means of a handle suitably arranged and actuated by
the rider so that the roller may touch the ground when the machine is not
running in order to keep it in position. The above described arrangement being
fixed on each side of the wheel, the said wheel will be balanced by two riders, one
working on each side. And in order to compensate for any difference in weight
between the riders I make the seat capable of sliding on the aforesaid arm, so that
it may be adjusted at a suitable distance from the wheel in order to balance it.
IMPROVED BOTTLE STOPPER
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick William Woodman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th June 1881.
FREDERICK WILLIAM WOODMAN, of Brixton, in the County of Surrey.
IMPROVED BOTTLE STOPPER."
"AN
This Invention relates to an improved bottle stopper so constructed that by a
mere pressure of the hand it may be instantly caused to expand and fit tightly in
the bottle neck, and may be as quickly released and withdrawn therefrom.
My improved stopper consists of a tubular plug of india rubber confined between
caps at its two ends, and traversed longitudinally by a stem attached to the lower
cap, and sliding freely through the upper cap. To the upper end of the stem is
attached a disc or head, and to the upper cap is attached a rack and guide rod,
which pass through the disc or head, and have attached to their upper end a knob
or disc. The lower disc or head is provided with a spring catch to engage with the
teeth of the rack rod, and this disc rests on the mouth of the bottle. By pressing
on the upper disc, the india rubber is compressed endwise between the two caps
and caused to expand laterally, and it is retained in the compressed condition by
the spring catch engaging with the rack.
The upper disc or head may be grooved to receive a retaining wire if desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF THE ELECTRIC LIGHT
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Theodoro Tubini at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th August 1881.
THEODORE TUBINI, of Ladbroke Gardens, Notting Hill, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF THE ELECTRIC LIGHT."
My Invention consists in bringing independent molecules of carbon into the
space between the electrodes where the electric arc is produced, thereby augmenting
the carbonic matter which forms the arc; I am. thus enabled to increase or decrease
at will the conductibility of the space separating the two electrodes by increasing
or reducing the atomic communication between them. To this end I employ any
combustible or incombustible gases, or any hydro-carbon spirits or oils yielding
carbonic atoms suitable for my purpose. When I employ ordinary lighting gas,
the carbon of the gas is absorbed by the negative electrode, and the hydrogen
burns in the shape of an obscure blue flame which does not interfere with the
brilliancy of the arc.
According to my Invention the carbonic atoms are brought to the extremities of
the electrodes through one of them, which may be in the form of a pencil as usual,
and is perforated for the purpose from end to end. The other electrode may be
exactly similar to the first, and be also perforated from end to end, so as to allow
a double current of atomic matter to pass through the electrodes and meet in the
centre of the arc; or it may be in the shape of a revolving disc, or it may be of
spherical form. Both electrodes may be of carbon or of any other good conducting
substance.
The advantages designed to be secured by my Invention are:-1st. To prevent
the accidental extinction and flickering of the light; 2nd. To obtain an electric
are by means of weak electric currents hitherto considered absolutely insufficient
for the purpose; 3rd. To enable the intensity and color of the light to be varied,
which may be effected by regulating the quantity of carbonic molecules
introduced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FLYERS FOR SPINNING, DRAWING, AND TWISTING WOOL AND OTHER FIBRES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Murgatroyd, James Croad,
and Samuel Murgatroyd at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on
the 3rd November 1881.
JOHN MURGATROYD, JAMES CROAD, and SAMUEL MURGATROYD, all of Lud-
denden, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FLYERS FOR SPINNING,
DRAWING, AND TWISTING WOOL AND OTHER FIBRES."
This Invention relate to an improved constructed of flyer applicable to spinning,
drawing, and twisting, whereby tubes and caps can be dispensed with, a much
higher speed attained, there is less friction, and it required less power to drive the
same, as well as being simple in construction.
We construct our improved flyer as flyer as follows:-On the wharle are two
arm extending upwards, upon one of which is a sliding thread guide having a
projection, this projection enters a recess in the ring of the lifter rail; the lifter
rail thus slides the thread guide up and down the flyer arm, the wharle is loose
upon the spindle, there being a collar in the spindle to carry the bobbin. The two
arms of the flyer are connected at the top by an hinged cross piece or similar
contrivance. By this Invention tubes and caps are dispensed with, and frames can
be run at a very high speed.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO CARRIAGES RUNNING ON TRAMWAYS, RAILWAYS, AND COMMON ROADS, FOR PREVENTING ACCIDENTS AND CLEARING THE TRACK, AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lloyd Higginbottom and Thomas.
Mannock at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th March
1881.
LLOYD HIGGINBOTTOM and THOMAS MANNOCK, both of Crown Ironworks, West
Gorton, near Manchester, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE
TO CARRIAGES RUNNING ON TRAMWAYS, RAILWAYS, AND COMMON ROADS, FOR
PREVENTING ACCIDENTS AND CLEARING THE TRACK, AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED
THEREFOR
In front of each or any wheel of the carriage we place another wheel which runs
freely upon its centre. The height of this wheel is so adjusted that it may not
come in contact with the rail or road.
The wheel is hung upon levers or chains in such a manner that its periphery is
always pressed against the tyer of the wheel of the vehicle, and so as to cause the
before named track clearing wheel to revolve in the opposite direction to the wheel
of the vehicle. The effect of this arrangement is that when any obstruction lies
in the path of the advancing vehicle, such obstruction comes first in contact with
the edge of the track clearing wheel, and it is pushed outwards or forwards instead
of being taken in and crushed under the tyre of the carriage wheel, as often
happens when the carriage is only provided with horns in the usual manner. The
track clearing wheel may be kept in contact with the carriage wheel by means of
springs, or weighted levers, or links arranged so as to cause the track clearing
wheel to rest against the carriage wheel by its own weight. In order that the
track clearing wheel may always be at the same distance from the road, we prefer
to mount the wheel on arms fixed to the axle boxes of the carriage, but they may
be fixed to any part of the carriage which may be most convenient. Brushes may
be fixed to the sides of the track clearing wheel to brush away snow or any other
obstruction from the path of the vehicle.
If preferred two track clearing wheels may be used, and set at such angles that
the obstruction may be pushed sideways and forwards.
The track clearing wheels may be made of any width of face which may be found
most effective.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING AND TWISTING APPARATUS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Elijah Smith, Isaac Cuttler, and
William Shaw at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th May
1881.
ELIJAH SMITH, Manager, ISAAC CUTTLER, Foreman Mechanic, and WILLIAM
SHAW, Manager, all of Bradford, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SPINNING AND TWISTING APPARATUS."
The object of this Invention is to prevent waste in the operation of spinning and
doubling in cap frames, and also to make the bobbins more durable. We accomplish
our object in the following manner :-Into the bottom of the bobbin we recess a
metal plate, which admits of the spindle passing through, and has grooves right
and left of the centre of the bobbin which fit on to the projections of the tube
flange. Hitherto the bottom of the bobbins have been recessed in the wood only;
in the operations of spinning and doubling the bobbin is apt to rise off the
projections through wear and tear, in time rendering the bobbins useless; the
waste made in consequence of the bobbin rising consists of slack twist in the case
of both spinning and doubling. The metal plate gives steadiness to the bobbin
and a disposition at once to fit in to the projections on the tube flange and when
there to stop, thus preventing the slack twist and adding greatly to the durability
of the bobbin at a small cost.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN ORNAMENTING FURS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd March 1881. A communi-
cation from abroad by Lucinius Havasy, of the City, County, and State of
New York, United States of America.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN ORNAMENTING FURS." [A com-
munication from abroad by Lucinius Havasy, of the City, County, and State of
New York, United States of America.]
This Invention relates to a new article of manufacture, consisting of a fur having
feather tips attached to the pelt of the fur, and and projecting between the hairs of
the fur, as hereafter described, the object being to ornament or improve the
appearance of the fur and produce a novel result, the feather tips producing various
effects according to the position in which the fur is viewed.
According to this Invention, the tips or outer ends of birds' feathers are attached
to the fur in such a manner that the feather tips appear between the hairs of the
fur, and seem to have grown out of the skin with the hairs. The feather tips may be
fastened by passing the stem through an aperture in the skin, and sewing it to the
underside of the same, or the feather tips may be cemented or pasted to the hairs,
or to the skin. Feather tips of any desired size, color, or kind may be attached to
any desired kind of fur, and the fur ornamented in the manner described, may be
used for caps, cloaks, trimmings, muffs, and other articles of wearing apparel.
Various ornamental effects can be produced with this fur, for when viewed down-
wards obliquely from top to bottom, the feather tips are not visible, but gradually
appear as the fur is viewed directly facing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTO- GRAPHIC APPARATUS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th August 1881. A communication
from abroad by Joseph Lefeuvrier, of Merdrignac, in the Republic of France.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTO-
GRAPHIC APPARATUS." A communication from abroad by Joseph Lefeuvrier, of
Merdrignac, in the Republic of France.
This Invention relates to apparatus for taking photographs in the open air, and
has for its object to facilitate the application of wet collodion plates. It consists
chiefly in constructing a camera obscura which contains the sensitive plate and a
removable partition which divides the camera into two compartments, the larger
one of which occupies the back of the camera and contains the baths for treating
the photographic plate. The photographic plate is mounted in a vertical frame
situated in the smaller compartment and pivoted at its lower end, so that it can be
turned down into a horizontal position for the purpose of immersing the plate in
the bath. The horizontal axle of the frame (or the pivots) passes through the
right and left side of the camera, each end being provided with a button for
turning the axle by hand. The frame or plate holder can be fixed in its vertical
position by means of a pin and a spring which can be depressed by hand. The
front as well as the back wall of the camera are movable vertically or sideways.
The four baths containing the chemicals and the water baths are successively
introduced and exchanged through the back of the camera, the development of the
image as well as the effect of the baths being observed through yellow glass panes
applied at the top and in the back wall of the camera.
MENTS IN THE ADAPTATION OF OIL, FAT, AND BUTTER TO CULINARY USES."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William White at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th February 1881.
" IMPROVE-
WILLIAM WHITE, of Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex.
MENTS IN THE ADAPTATION OF OIL, FAT, AND BUTTER TO CULINARY USES."
Suet has advantages over butter, fat, or oil, in several culinary operations. The
fat in suet is retained and supported by membrane which does not collapse when
subjected to ordinary heat; and in vegetarian cookery the absence of suet is an
adinitted inconvenience.
4
I find that a substitute for suet with special excellences and applications is
provided when dried bread or biscuit crumb is saturated with edible oil, or with
butter, lard, or fat. The combination resembles moist sugar, and may be used for
every purpose to which chopped suet is applied, and to others beside.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOCK AND DOOR FASTENINGS OR CATCHES."
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Henry Crispin, of Stratford, in the County of
Essex, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOCK
AND DOOR FASTENINGS OR CATCHES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Henry Crispin at
"
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th February 1881.
WILLIAM HENRY CRISPIN, of Stratford, in the County of Essex. IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOCK AND DOOR FASTENINGS OR CATCHES."
It consists in the construction of locks and door fastenings without springs.
Mortice locks are made with two internal flat round disks hung on one side on a
spindle, the one for the catch, the other for locking the catch. The larger disk is
acted on, the external handles acting as levers for opening and closing the door.
The cupboard and other catches are composed of one internal piece, and opens with
a key pretty much like the locking disk of the mortise lock. In some cases I add
a lever inside the lock to act on the larger disk instead of the lever handles, using
the ordinary handles in their place.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Henry Crispin in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
26th August 1881.
WILLIAM HENRY CRISPIN, Marsh Gate Lane, Stratford, in the County of Essex.
"IMPROVEMENTS OF LOCKS AND DOOR CATCHES WITHOUT SPRINGS."
My Invention consists in the construction of mortice and other door locks and
fastenings without springs. The interior consists of two disks, both of them hung
eccentrically, the larger one by a spindle which passes through it and the door.
On each end outside the door are lever handles; the weight of these handles
throw one side of the circumference of the disk out of the centre, giving it
prominence enough on a latch to fasten the door. The lever handles are lifted a
few degrees to open the door.
The smaller disk is thrown out of the centre of gravity by a key, and comes in
contact with the larger one, locking it securely. For cupboard fastenings the
locking disc may be done away with, the lever being attached, the one disk inside
the lock, which may be lifted by a key a knob handles, as in other locks.
DESCRIPTION OF SOME OF THE MEANS OF SECURITY FOR PATENT DISK
SPRINGLESS Lock.
By means of metal collar to guard key hole.
The keyhole may be enclosed with bridge, with gratings or guards.
Also the same kind of bridge with steel guards multiplied as you please, say, 3,
5, or 7 guards.
Again, multiply the locking disk with holdfast, if not all raised at one time.
2
In witness whereof, I, the said William Henry Crispin, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this 26th day of August, One thousand eight hundred 2
and eighty one.
W. H. CRISPIN. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PROMOTING VENTILATION
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Livermore Shorland at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th March 1881.
GEORGE LIVERMORE SHORLAND, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PROMOTING
VENTILATION."
My Invention relates to apparatus used in the ventilation of buildings, and
consists in the first place in the employment of ascending air columns or currents
to induce the outflow of vitiated air from rooms or buildings. I form an air
conduit flue or passage extending from the bottom to the top of the building or
thereabouts, or above the top of the building, and I admit air into this conduit at
its lower end, or near or below the ground level, and I allow such air to flow out
at its upper end into the mid-roof or into the outer space. The said conduit
communicates with the interior of the building by means of a branch or of branches,
the said branch or cach branch extending into the conduit and being inclined or
curved upwards, or being continued within the conduit by means of a midfeather,
so that air flowing through the branch is delivered in an upward direction. The
current of air flowing through the conduit induces an influx current through the
branch or each branch. I may provide suitable grids, registers, or self-acting
dampers or valves to regulate the currents or to prevent down draughts. In the
second place I withdraw vitiated air through a passage in the ceiling, which
passage is continued upwards within the midroof by means of a tube or casing
which has vertical or inclined exit openings, which are provided with light self
closing valves made of talc mica or other light substance or material. The said
valves open to permit the escape of vitiated air into the roof space, and close self-
actingly when necessary to prevent down draughts. The air escapes from the roof
space through suitable grids or openings. When necessary I use two or more sets
of apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND MATERIALS FOR PREPARING SHIPS OR OTHER STEEL STRUCTURES FOR PAINTING OR COATING
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Carnegie Kirk, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, and Robert Sim, of Jermyn Street, in the County of
Middlesex, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND
MATERIALS FOR PREPARING SHIPS OR OTHER STEEL STRUCTURES FOR PAINTING
OR COATING."
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Carnegie Kirk
and Robert Sim at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
4th March 1881.
ALEXANDER CARNEGIE KIRK, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, and ROBERT SIM, of Jermyn Street, in the County of Middlesex.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND MATERIALS FOR PREPARING SHIPS OR
OTHER STEEL STRUCTURES FOR PAINTING OR COATING."
This Invention has for its object to prepare ships or other steel structures in
such a manner that they may be painted or coated without the liability to rapid
deterioration caused by the mill scale upon steel surfaces which have not been
effectually prepared or cleaned.
The ordinary process of cleaning or pickling iron or other metal plates or sheets
by immersing them in dilute acid in tanks is impracticable in the case of completed
structures or large portions of such structures, and the present Invention consists
in combining with hydrochloric acid or other suitable acid a suitable thickening
substance or combination of substances, which will allow of the compound being
applied like a thin plaster to the surface of the ship or other structure, and which
will keep sufficiently moist during the time that is considered necessary for the
action of the acid on the scale. In carrying out the Invention according to one

page_text: modification, the acid is combined with clay and with chloride of calcium, the last
named substance serving to keep the compound in a moist state. The acid and
thickening substances are to be well mixed together, and with as much water as is
required to form a thin paste or plaster, which can be applied to the steel surface
with a brush, trowel, or spreader of any suitable kind. When the acid plaster has
been long enough upon the steel surface it is to be washed off with water, and any
remaining traces of acid may be removed by means of milk of lime. Any suitable
earthy or vegetable substance of a sufficiently inert character may be substituted
for the clay, and glycerin or other suitable hygroscopic substance may be sub-
stituted for the chloride of calcium; the essential features of the Invention being
the combining of the acid with a suitable hygroscopic thickening substance or
compound, and the application thereof to ships or other steel structures as a plaster
or paste.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR FLESHING, CUTTING DOWN, SHAVING AND FINISHING SEAL SKINS, AND ALL KINDS OF FUR OR HAIR COVERED SKINS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Henry Potter and George
Rice at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th December
1881.
THOMAS HENRY POTTER, & GEORGE RICE of 32 & 33 Great Prescot Street
Whitechapel Fur Skin Dressers & Dyers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND
APPARATUS FOR FLESHING, CUTTING DOWN, SHAVING AND FINISHING SEAL
SKINS, AND ALL KINDS OF FUR OR HAIR COVERED SKINS."
Our Invention has for its object the application of suitably arranged machinery
and apparatus for fleshing, cutting down, shaving and finishing, seal skins, and all
other kinds of fur or hair covered skins, (hereinafter called " goods"); which
operations have hitherto been performed by hand, by means of knives with their
edges sharpened and turned in various ways.
And our Invention consists of a cylinder, mounted at each end by means of
gudgeons or journals, working in suitable bearings, and driven by toothed or other
gearing. This cylinder is covered with emery, emery cloth, powdered glass, or
wired leather or cloth commonly known as carding cloth. This cylinder is caused
to revolve so that its surface travels at a high speed.
Near to this cylinder a roller is mounted in suitable bearings in such a manner
that the distance between the surface of the roller and that of the cylinder can be
regulated at pleasure, according to the thickness of the goods to be operated upon
and the amount of pressure required. This roller is padded in order that it may
have a soft and yielding surface.
Other rollers are mounted at a convenient distance from the cylinder and
pressure-roller above described; which other rollers act as feed rollers, holding the
goods with just sufficient pressure to allow the goods to be fed at a suitable speed
to and towards the cylinder aud pressure roller.
As the goods are carried forward from the feed rollers to the cylinder and
pressure-roller, the emery, emery cloth, powdered glass, or carding cloth, with
which the surface of the cylinder is covered, coming into contact with the surface
of the goods to be fleshed, cut down, shaved or finished, performs such operations
in a clean, regular, uniform, and superior manner, thereby also effecting a great
saving in time and labour, and increasing the value of the goods.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN MAKING UP OR PREPARING SOAP
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clayton Mewburn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th December 1881. A communi-
cation from abroad by Jean Joseph Besson and Charles Léon Remy both of
Paris, France.
JOHN CLAYTON MEWBURN of 169 Fleet Street in the City of London Patent
Agent and Consulting Engineer.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN MAKING UP OR PREPARING
SOAP." [A communication from abroad by Jean Joseph Besson and Charles Léon
Remy both of Paris France.]
The Invention consists in making up or preparing soap as hereinafter described
in the form of small lozenge-like pieces of special shape and of a size just sufficient
to serve once. By carrying one or more of these pieces in his pocket a person can
avoid using a cake or tablet which has already been used by other persons when
he requires to wash his face or hands in clubs, hotels or other places away from
home.
I manufacture these lozenge-like pieces as follows:-I form a soap paste of any
ordinary ingredients and perfumed as desired, and I afterwards pulverize it as in
making shaving powder. I then agglomerate the powder thus obtained by
pressure in small moulds of special form that is to say of a form corresponding
with that required in the pieces. This form is, in section, plano-concave so that
the middle portion is comparatively thin and can be crushed by the finger with a
very slight pressure applied to the flat side. The crushed piece, as it consists of
agglomerated powder, at once becomes disintegrated and forms a good lather in
water, an effect which cannot be obtained from an equal sized piece of ordinary
toilet soap without much friction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATING AND FREEZING, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR SUCH PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Chambers, of Te Mata, Napier, New Zealand, at
present residing at Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, for an Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATING AND FREEZING, AND IN APPARATUS
EMPLOYED FOR SUCH PURPOSES."
(Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Chambers at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th October 1881.
JOHN CHAMBERS, of Te Mata, Napier, New Zealand, at present residing at
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATING
AND FREEZING, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR SUCH PURPOSES."
The principal object of this Invention is to provide an improved and inexpensive
means for preserving meat during its transport on board ship from one country to
another, but the same process and apparatus are equally applicable to the trans-
mission of cold for other refrigerating or freezing purposes.
I propose to produce the cold in the first place by means of any of the well-
known gases ordinarily employed for this purpose, such as sulphurous oxide,
ammonia, and others, but instead of transmitting this cold to the refrigerating or
freezing chamber by means of a non-congealable liquid, as usual, I propose to
employ for this purpose a current of air, which I cause to pass through the
refrigerator, where it becomes cooled or frozen, and then passes on direct into the
refrigerating or freezing chamber by means of a fan or blower.
The air passes through the fan into a wooden tube or trunk extending along the
top of the refrigerating or freezing chamber, and provided with perforations at
the sides, whereby the cooled or frozen air passes into the chamber.
At or near the bottom of the latter is a similar perforated trunk leading to the
centre of the fan or blower, by which it is withdrawn or exhausted, and thus the
ΓΙ

page_text: cold or frozen air is kept in constant circulation through the refrigerating or.
freezing chamber. I prefer to use the cold air over and over again in this way, as
the air will in that case soon become perfectly dry, but I reserve to myself the
right to use fresh atmospheric air if found desirable.
In order to prevent the obstruction of the apparatus by the accumulation of ice
on the pipes of the refrigerator by the congelation of the moisture contained in the
air, I propose to have two refrigerators in conjunction, and to remove the ice from
the tubes of each alternately by the admission of steam or hot water, whilst the
other refrigerator was kept in action.
I also propose to provide for the manufacture of ice by having a suitable space
left near the refrigerator, and containing cans or receptacles for this purpose, which
could be used or not as required.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO DYNAMO- ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Vyle at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th November 1881.
SAMUEL VYLE, of 22, Borough Road, Middlesbrough, in the North Riding of the
County of York, Electrical Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO DYNAMO-
ELECTRIC CIRCUITS."
This Invention has reference to a more economical and efficacious method of
lighting or giving off power by electricity, and is adapted for use in connection
with the "Bush," "Siemens," "Jablockoff," and other systems when the lighting
is on one side of the machine only, and likewise when the lighting is on both sides
the return wire is carried from the point where the end of the last lamp or lamps
In
or motor or motors (as the case may be) back to the dynamo electric machine.
applying my Invention to electric light or power circuits I dispense with the usual
return wire, and I connect one end of the wire to the dynamo electric machine, and
the other end from the last lamp or motor, or each of the end lamps or motors (as
the case may be), to a well prepared earth, or large copper plate or copper coil
securely embedded in damp earth, the said earth being a medium for completing
the circuit. When the lighting is only on one side of the machine, then I connect
a small second wire from the dynamo to the earth, as above described. When the
number of lamps or motors (as the case may be) on either side of the dynamo
electric machine is unequal, I employ resistance coils to balance the resistance.
By this means I save the expense of the return wire, and obtain a brighter light
with a lower resistance.
OR APPLICABLE TO STEAM-GENERATOR AND OTHER FURNACES." IMPROVEMENTS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Hudson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th October 1881.
THOMAS HUDSON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
IN OR APPLICABLE TO STEAM-GENERATOR AND OTHER FURNACES."
IMPROVEMENTS
5 My said Invention relates principally to the furnaces of steam generators, and
has for its object the more complete combustion of the heated gases evolved in such
furnaces, so as to prevent or lessen the emission of smoke, and at the same time to
increase the efficiency of the boiler. To obtain these results I introduce heated air
into the furnace at the point where the ordinary bridge is situated, and I also utilize
0 the bridge to heat and conduct the air to the furnace or flue. According to one
method of carrying my Invention into effect I provide and fix in the flue a suitable
bearer, one edge of which supports the inner ends of the inner set of firebars. To
the opposite side of the bearer I bolt a conduit open at the top and bottom so as to
allow a free passage of air. Upon the aforesaid bearer, and in front of this conduit,
5 I build a thickness of firebrick so as to protect the conduit from excessive heat,
whilst behind the conduit I place a fire brick partition or wall extending to the
bottom of the flue and rising to a level with the top of the conduit and facing
bricks. A bridge is thus formed composed of back and front walls enclosing the
central conduit or air passage. When the furnace is in operation the atmospheric
0 air passing beneath the bars enters the aforesaid conduit or air passage at the
bottom, and becomes highly heated in traversing to the top. The heated gases and
smoke evolved in the furnace meet the current of heated air in passing over the
bridge and burst into flame, whereby the emission of smoke from the chimney is
I prefer to make the herein before referred to conduit
prevented or lessened.
15 tapered from top to bottom, but it may if desired be made straight. I may also
in some cases dispense with a separate conduit, and form the necessary air cavity
in the thickness of the bridge; and instead of using a bearer and front wall, as
described, I may build the bridge of an uniform thickness throughout its depth,
and form therein a suitable cavity, passage, or series of passages for conducting the
30 air to the furnace, as herein before referred to.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Askew Wells at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th April 1881.
ISAAC ASKEW WELLS, of Syston, in the County of Leicester, Commercial
Traveller. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR BOOTS AND SHOES."
This Invention consists in forming fastenings for boots and shoes of steel or
metal blades secured to or within the welting edges of the parts to be brought
together, which blades are then connected by a clip or clips, thus avoiding the use
of laces, buttons, or other mode of fastening, and affording a simple and ready
method of putting on or releasing the boot or shoe.
In carrying out my Invention, I take two blades of steel or metal and rivet or
eyelet each to a blade of the same metal, so that they will work freely to and fro
on the rivets at one end; to the other end of one of the blades I secure a slotted
plate, the slot in which is to pass over a small thumb piece fastened upon the
corresponding blade, and when in this position turning the thumb piece athwart
the slot secures the parts together; to release them the thumb piece is to be turned
in a line with the slot.
Or by another method, the two blades are fastened by a slot formed of larger and
smaller circular slots running into each other, so that a stud upon the corresponding
blade may pass through the larger opening into the smaller one, whence it cannot
escape until purposely released. Another mode of securing the blades consists in
securing upon one a hook shaped clip of flat metal, to engage over and upon the
other blade; or by another method, I fix a spring snap similar to a bracelet snap
upon the one blade and a catch upon the other; or I can fix a flat hook upon one
blade to engage in an eye upon the other, which eye may be covered with an
ornamental stud. Instead of rivetting the two blades upon a plate of metal at one
end, as before stated, which involves the use of two rivets, I can form one of the
blades of an (L) form, and rivet the other to the shorter limb of the (L).
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR SEPARATING THE LIME AND MAGNESIA CONTAINED IN DOLOMITE
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Stephen Cliff, of Wortley, Leeds, in the County of
York, for an Invention of "AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR SEPARATING THE
LIME AND MAGNESIA CONTAINED IN DOLOMITE."
(Voul by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Stephen Cliff at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd May 1881.
STEPHEN CLIFF, of Wortley, Leeds, in the County of York. "AN IMPROVED
PROCESS FOR SEPARATING THE LIME AND MAGNESIA CONTAINED IN DOLOMITE."
.
The Invention has for its object an improved process for separating the lime and
magnesia contained in dolomite.
My improved process consists in the separation of the lime aud magnesia con-
tained in dolomite, by employing for this purpose the differences in the specific
gravities of the different salts or combinations of lime (calcium) and magnesium
respectively.
In carrying my Invention into effect, I use either calcined or uncalcined dolomite,
as may be desired, and I add thereto sulphuric acid, any natural sulphate or sulphide,
or any chemically or artificially produced sulphate or sulphide, in such proportions
that the sulphuric acid or that contained in the sulphate or the sulphur compounds
resulting from the roasting or otherwise treating the sulphide shall be sufficient to
combine only with the-lime (calcium) present in the calcined or uncalcined dolomite,
appropriate heating and agitation, and water when necessary being employed in
the process; by the above means sulphate or sulphide of calcium is formed, as the
case may be. The specific gravity of magnesia being greater than that of sulphate
or sulphide of lime, the magnesia falls down first, and the sulphate or sulphide of
lime (calcium) afterwards. I then remove the sulphate or sulphide of lime (calcium)
[Price 2d]=>>>>

page_text: by any suitable means, preferring to do so mechanically or by decantation, or by a
combination of botli.
When uncalcined dolomite is used the magnesium will fall down as a carbonate.
As the magnesia will probably not be free from sulphate or sulphide of lime
(calcium), it may be again washed and allowed to re-settle as often as may be
considered desirable to free the magnesia from the sulphate or the sulphide of lime
(calcium) and other impurities that may be present.
If desired, sulphurous acid or sulphurous compounds may be used in lieu of
sulphuric acid. In this case the magnesia will fall as in the first, but the lime
(calcium) will be in the form of a solution, which may be afterwards used or treated,
as may be required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKING DEVICES FOR UMBRELLAS AND THE LIKE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Julius Boult at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th December 1881. A com-
munication from abroad by Alphonse Ichl, of Mazamet, Tarn, in the Republic
of France.
Alfred Julius BOULT, of the Agencies for Foreign Patent Solicitors, 323, High
Holborn, London, in the County of Middlesex, and G, Lord Street, Liverpool, in
the County of Lancaster, Engineer and Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOCKING DEVICES FOR UMBRELLAS AND THE LIKE' A communication from
abroad by Alphonse Iehl, of Mazamet, Tarn, in the Republic of France.
The chief feature of this Invention consists in the employment of what is known
as the letter lock principle to umbrellas and the like and in the special devices
required in such application.
The ways of applying this Invention are capable of modification but a satis-
factory way of carrying it into effect is to employ an elongated sliding ferrule or
rib holder upon which are the pins or projections which lock with the usual rings
of a letter lock of which rings there may be any convenient number but threo will
do very well for most purposes.
A collar is placed upon the sliding ferrule so as to conceal the opening in the
rings when the lock is "locked." An arrangement is provided for tightening up
the rings when desired so that the lock may be fixed open when the umbrella may
be used as an ordinary one without the fastening.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOP COCKS FOR LIQUIDS AND GASES.
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Hughes at the
Office of the Coinmissioners of Patents on the 27th September 1881.
HENRY HUGHES, of Loughborough, in the County of Leicester. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN STOP COCKS FOR LIQUIDS AND GASES.'
"
Inserting a lining of india rubber or other suitable elastic material in the passage
of the stop cock fastened or connected in such a manner that no liquid or gas can
escape except through the interior of the said lining, the passage through the lining
being closed when required by means of a plug or screw acting only on the outside
of the lining, and closing the orifice by compression, stop cocks are thus rendered
less expensive and moro efficient.

page_text: HENRY HUGHES. (L.S.)
PREPARING A COMPRESSED FOOD FOR CATTLE from AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE, RESIDUES, AND WASTE, Mixed IN THE PROPORTIONS DESCRIBED BELOW, AND PREPARED BY THE ACTION OF SPONTANEOUS HEAT
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Jamaiker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th June 1881.
WILLIAM JAMAIKER, of Berlin, in Germany. "PREPARING A COMPRESSED
FOOD FOR CATTLE from AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE, RESIDUES, AND WASTE, Mixed
IN THE PROPORTIONS DESCRIBED BELOW, AND PREPARED BY THE ACTION OF
SPONTANEOUS HEAT."
Process of preparing the compressed food for cattle out of agricultural produce,
residues, and waste.
The agricultural produce, and the waste matter derived from agricultural
manufactures, such as bran, fodder meals, inalt germs, beer-malt dust, the residuums
from oil manufactories and beetroot sugar refineries, having been subjected to a
chemical analysis to determine the proportionate contents of proteine and hydrate
of carbon, are then mixed together so that the proportion of the proteine contents
to the hydrate of carbon contents in the mixture shall be as 1 to 3-4. Tho
proportion of the dry substance must form 40-45% of the mass. After the
mixture has been prepared in the manner described above, common salt in the
proportion of 4 grammes per kilogramme of dry substance, and salicine acid in the
proportion of 1 gramme per 5 kilogrammes of dry substance are added; the muss
is crushed in a specially prepared mill, then placed in a non-heat-conducting
receptacle and left to ferment. When the fermentation by which the mass is
worked up into a homogeneous dough is complete, the mixture is moulded by the
application of the requisite pressure into the shapes required and dried off in a
drying-room.
IMPROVEMENTS IN NOSE-BAGS FOR HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Archibald at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th September 1881.
JOSEPH ARCHIBALD, of Kensington, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN NOSE-BAGS FOR HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS."
My Invention has for its object to prevent the loss of grain which takes place
with the present construction of nose bags for horses or other animals owing to the
tossing of the bag by the head of the animal whilst feeding.
My Invention consists in sewing or otherwise fastening into the mouth of a
nose bag a flat, circular, or oval shaped ring of india rubber or other suitable
material, formed with a central hole which is surrounded by a lip or flange
of the same material as the ring, and through this hole the mouth of the animal
passes.
By this arrangement on the tossing of the bag the grain is prevented from
leaving it by coming in contact with the ring, and all waste is thereby obviated.
The ring is strengthened by strips or fillets of leather or other material, and is
provided with small ventilating holes suitably placed.