IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO APPARATUS FOR MIXING WATER WITH GAS OR STEAM
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ernest de Pass, of the Office for British and Foreign
Patents, 68, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agent, for an
Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO APPARATUS FOR MIXING
WATER WITH GAS OR STEAM Communicated to him from abroad by Ernst:
Körting, of Hanover, in the German Empire, Engineer
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left. by the said Ernest de Pass at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th October 1882.
ERNEST DE PASS, of the Office for British and Foreign Patents, 68, Fleet Street,
in the City of London, Patent Agent, IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO
APPARATUS FOR MIXING WATER WITH GAS OR STEAM, Communicated to me from
abroad by Ernst Körting, of Hanover, in the German Empire, Engineer,
This Invention has for its object to effect the utmost possible intimacy of the
mixture of water, with gas or steam, in apparatus for that purpose, without
causing such apparatus to lose the character and mode of working of jet apparatus.
I attain this object by imparting a revolving motion to the jet of water, causing
the centrifugal force resulting therefrom to tear it into drops, and by using an
almost cylindrical mixing nozzle, the sides of which are perforated with a large
number of holes, drilled at an acute angle to the direction of the flow of the jet of
water. The gas or steam enters the mixing nozzle through these holes, and, in the
form of fine jets, strikes the water jet. The revolving motion of the water jet is
produced by slanting surfaces, or screw-shaped surfaces, inserted into the water
nozzle, or into the water pipe.
The effect of these apparatus is equally good, whether it be intended to move
gas or vapour by the water jet, or to remove vapours by the water jet, or to utilize
the energy of the steam for propelling water with great velocity. In other
words, these apparatus may be applied as exhausters, as condensers, and as
injectors.
If the water issuing from the diverging tube of the apparatus is to overcome
a resistance, I separate the end of the mixing nozzle from the diverging tube by an

page_text: opening similar to the overflow in injectors used for feeding boilers, which opening
may be closed after the flow has been directed into its proper course.
If the water does not flow into the apparatus, but requires to be sucked from a
certain depth, provision must be made to start the flow of the water for working
the mixing apparatus. Such provision may consist in the arrangement at the
most convenient part of the diverging tube, pressure tube or mixing nozzle, of an
exterior annular jet of gas or steam under pressure, of suitable direction and force
to produce a vacuum of desired strength in the interior of the whole apparatus.
Or a central circular nozzle is passed through the water nozzle into the mixing
nozzle, and through this concentric or central circular nozzle issues. a jet of gas or
steam under pressure, thereby producing the vacuum
After the water has been sucked into the apparatus. this auxiliary jot may be
stopped.
Another method can be employed to start the water circulation, viz-the
introduction of a steam jet, or of a complete steam jet apparatus in the water
admission pipe, or in the water nozzle, and an arrangement to by-pass the water
round this apparatus. This by-pass is provided with a back pressure valve, or
other mechanism permitting free access of the water to the mixing apparatus, as
soon as the flow has been started in same. The steam jet or steam jet apparatus
may be stopped after having forced the water at a certain pressure, into the mixing
apparatus, and having thus initiated the normal flow in saine.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Ernest de Pass in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 6th April,
1883.
ERNEST DE PASS, of the Office for British and Foreign Patents 68, Fleet Street,
in the City of London, Patent Agent, IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO
APPARATUS FOR MIXING WATER WITH GAS OR STEAM, Communicated; to me from
abroad by Ernst Körting, of Hanover, in the German Empire, Engineer,
This invention has for its object to effect the utmost possible intimacy of the
mixture of water with gas or steam in apparatus for that purpose, without
causing such apparatus to lose the character and mode of working of jet apparatus.
I attain this object by imparting a revolving motion to the jet of water, causing
the centrifugal force resulting therefrom to tear it into drops and by using an
almost cylindrical mixing nozzle, the sides of which are perforated with a large.
number of holes, drilled at an acute angle to the direction of the flow of the jet of
water. The gas or steam enters the mixing nozzle through these holes, and in the
form of fine jets strikes the water jet. The revolving motion of the water jet is
produced by slanting surfaces, or screw-shaped surfaces, inserted into the water
nozzle, or into the water pipe.
The effect of these apparatus is equally good whether it be intended to exhaust
gas or vapour by the water-jet, or to condense vapours by the water jet, or to
utilize the energy of the steam for propelling water. In other words, these*
apparatus may be applied as Exhausters, as Condensors, and as Injectors.
If the water issuing from the diverging tube of the apparatus is to overcome a
resistance, I separate the end of the mixing nozzle from the diverging tube, by
an opening similar to the overflow in Injectors, used for feeding boilers, which
opening may. be closed after the flow has obtained its proper velocity.
If the water does not flow into the apparatus, but requires to be sucked from a
certain depth, provision must be made to start the flow of the water for working
the mixing apparatus. Such provision may consist in the arrangement, at the
most convenient part of the diverging tube, discharge pipe, or mixing nozzle, of an
exterior annular jet of gas or steam under pressure, of suitable direction and force,
to produce a vacuum of desired strength in the interior of the whole apparatus.
Or a central circular nozzle is passed into. or through the water nozzle into the
mixing nozzle, and through this concentric or central circular nozzle issues a jet of
gas or steam under pressure, thereby producing the vacuum.
After the water has been sucked into the apparatus this auxiliary jet may be
stopped.
Another method can be employed to start the water circulation, viz,—the
introduction of a steam jet, or of a complete steam jet apparatus in the water
admission pipe, or in the water nozzle, and an, arrangement to bypass the water
round this apparatus. This bypass is provided' with a back pressure valve, or
other mechanism, permitting free access of the water to the mixing apparatus, as
soon as the flow has been started in the same. The steamjet, or steamjet apparatus,
may be stopped, after having forced the water at a certain pressure into the mixing
apparatus, and having thus intitiated the normal flow in same.
I now proceed with reference to the accompanying drawings to describe various
arrangements of apparatus for carrying out the Invention, the same letters of
reference indicating like parts in all the figures.
.
Figure 1 shews a mixing apparatus in its simplest form, in which a, is the
central water nozzle, and b the mixing nozzle, the sides of which are perforated
'

page_text: with a number of holes c, drilled or otherwise, formed, at an acute angle to the
centre line of the nozzle, the end of which forms a diverging tube or pressure
cone d. The gas or steam enters the apparatus at e, in the form of fine jets, rushes
through holes c, into the mixing nozzle, and strikes the surfaco of the water jet,
thus deforming the same, and causing a change of surface, which has considerable
influence upon a proper mixing.
Fig. 2, shews a water nozzle a, in which a screw-shaped metal surface f.is inserted.
The water on passing through this nozzle has a revolving motion imparted to it,
besides the forward motion, thus causing the centrifugal force resulting therefrom
to tear the water stream into drops. Thus, a most intimate mixing of the water
with the gases or vapour is effected. But instead of screw-shaped surfaces, plain
slanting surfaces may be used, and if more convenient they may be fixed in the
water admission pipe, instead of being fixed in the nozzle a.
In fig: 3, which is a modified arrangement of the apparatus shewn in Fig. 1, a
slide g is added, which, by means of a rack and pinion i, can be inoved to and fro
at will on the mixing nozzle b, so as to cover inore or less of the holes o. Instead
of the rack and pinion any other convenient mechanism may be used to actuate
the slide such for example as a screw, lever, or eccentric.
Fig: shows a mixing apparatus, in which the water, after passing through it,
is caused to overcome a résistance. To direct the flow of water into its proper
course an overflow m is arranged, as also openings and at the end of the inixing
nozzle, thus permitting the water to escape until its velocity is sufficiently great
to move the back pressure valve and to overcome the resistance. An overflow m,
with some closing device, or with a back pressure valve may be provided.
Fig: 5 shews a mixing apparatus intended to suck or lift the water when in
proper action. To start, however, the flow of the water, a jet of high pressure
steam or gas is used, the discharge of which produces a vacuum in the whole
apparatus, thus lifting or sucking, the water. This jet of high pressure steam or
gas is discharged at the end of the mixing nozzle, either through the small central
pipen, entering the same at o, or from the annular space n', entering at o'.
Fig: 6.also represents a mixing apparatus intended to lift or suck the water
when in proper action. The jet of high pressure steam or gas is here discharged
into the water nozzle a, and produces a vacuum in this nozzle only.
In both cases (Fig: 5 and Fig. 6) the auxiliary high pressure jet may be stopped,
or partly stopped, after the flow of water through the mixing apparatus is
started:
Fig: 7, also represents a mixing apparatus for sucking or lifting its water. In
this instance the water admission pipe is divided into two branches,, ono of, which
is provided with a jet apparatus p (of well known construction) worked witli a jet
of high pressure steam, entering the pipe o. The other branch 8, of the water
admission pipe, is provided with a back pressure valve g. To start the flow of
the water in the mixing apparatus, the steam jet apparatus is started first. It lifts
or sucks the water and forces it into the mixing apparatus. The back pressure
valve g, prevents the water from being forced through the branch 8. If now the
flow of water be, thus started, and the mixing apparatus has been started, and if
existing circumstances permit of its sucking the water without assistance, the
steam jet apparatus is stopped. The valve q, will then open and the mixing
apparatus will continue to work without being assisted by the auxiliary apparatus p.
The arrangement of the auxiliary apparatus p, can be varied in many ways, as may
be found convenient.
Fig: 8 shows a mixing apparatus of similar construction, and similarly combined
with a steam jet apparatus to that of Fig. 7, but the two branches of the water
admission pipe are here united into one. The back pressure valve q, is substituted
by a number of valves q, each of which is placed in a separate chamber of the
auxiliary apparatus p. Each of these chambers is in communication with one of
several nozzles of the apparatus p, in such a manner that each nozzle receives the
water from its corresponding valve ġ. The arrangement of an auxiliary apparatus

page_text: with a system of gradually increasing mixing nozzles permits, in case of the mixing
apparatus having insufficient lifting power, of augmenting the latter by means of a
small quantity of steam. The jet of water impelled' by the steam, and issuing from
the lower nozzles of the apparatus, produces a sucking tendency in the wider
nozzles, thus increasing the sucking power in the water pipe.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the.
same is to be performed, I declare that I claim, as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent..
1. The use of apparatus for mixing water with gas or steam in which a central
water jet and a perforated tubular mixing nozzle, closely surrounding the water
jet, are arranged, the whole constructed and operating substantially as described
and as shewn with reference to Figs. 1. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7 and 8 of the drawings.
2. The arrangement of screw shaped or slanting surfaces in the water admission
pipe, or in the water nozzle, for producing a revolving motion of the water jet,
substantially as described and shewn in Fig: 2 of the drawings.
3. The arrangement of the slide upon the mixing nozzle for covering a larger or
smaller number of holes in the same, substantially as described and as shewn in
Fig: 3, of the drawings.
4. In mixing apparatus, as above claimed, the arrangement of an auxiliary jet
of high pressure gas or steam, substantially as and for the purpose described, and
as shewn in Figs: 5 and 6 of the drawings.
5. In mixing apparatus, as above claimed, the arrangement of a steam jet
apparatus in the suction pipe, which may be provided with back pressure valves,
substantially as and for the purposes described and as shewn in Figs: 7 and 8 of
the drawings.
In witness whereof I the said Ernest de Pass have hereunto set my hand
and seal this fourth day of April in the year 1883.