CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR 'TRANSFERRING' THE LATENT HEAT OF STEAM TO WATER OR OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jonathan Newall, of Dukinfield, in the County of
Cheshire, Painter, &c., for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR 'TRANSFERRING' THE LATENT HEAT OF STEAM TO WATER OR
OTHER FLUIDS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jonathan Newall at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th August 1860.
I, JONATHAN NEWALL, of Dukinfield, in the County of Cheshire, Painter, &c.,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TRANSFERRING THE LATENT HEAT OF STEAM TO WATER OR
OTHER FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar arrangement of mechanism or apparatus
for heating water before entering the boiler herein-after described, that is to
say, the steam having done its duty on the engine, some portion of it is caused
to enter or be received into a chamber or vessel so constructed that its capacity.
for space can be increased or diminished by means of a telescopic or sliding
joint. Within the interior of this chamber is an arrangement of metallic or
other surfaces, such surfaces by the action of the steam becoming conservators of

page_text: heat. Now by the admission of water into the said chamber flowing over
these surfaces such water.shall continuously receive or have transferred to it
the heat of such surfaces; the said surfaces constantly obsorbing heat by the
action of the steam, the water and steam being commingled together in the
said chamber.
By the peculiar arrangement of the above-mentioned surfaces within the
interior of. the sliding or telescopic chamber or vessel, a greater surface is
obtained for the action of steam; the latent heat of such steam having its
transmission through their mettalic. medium to the water, thereby heating or
raising the temperature of such water before being injected into the boiler of
the afore-mentioned steam engine.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jonathan Newall in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 7th February 1861. A
TO ALL TO. WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME,. I, JONATHAN
NEWALL, of Dukinfield; in the County of Cheshire, Painter, &c., send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most. Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her, Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said. Jonathan Newall, Her special license that I, the said Jonathan Newall,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Jonathan Newall, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any
time agree. with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Treland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TRANSFERRING THE LATENT HEAT. OF STEAM TO
WATER, OR OTHER FLUIDS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Jonathan Newall, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next-and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jonathan Newall, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying Drawing, that is to say:
My Invention consists in the application, combination, and arrangement of
certain apparatus for effecting the transfer of the latent heat of steam to water
and. other fluids, and relates more particularly to economising and: rendering.
useful the latent leat of the steam as it is discharged from steam engines,. by,
rendering it effectual to the. purpose of heating the feed water for the boilers
of such engines, and other useful purposes.
And I would here observe that the construction and arrangement of the
apparatus above alluded to admits of being varied to a considerable extent
without departing from the principle and mode of action of iny Invention.
In order to make my Invention more clearly understood, I have hereunto
annexed the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, to which the following descrip-
tion relates, in which the same letters of reference or letters and figures con-
joined indicate the same parts of the apparatus.
Fig. 1 is a section taken vertically. of an apparatus constructed according to
what I call the first mode of applying my Invention, and Fig. 2 a side view of
the same.
a, a, a cylinder of metal, into the lower part of which the steam is
admitted by means of the pipe a 1, a 1, which is connected to or branches
from the pipe which conveys the steam from the eduction valves of the engine
or a reservoir of steam, as the case may be; a 2, a 2, the cylinder bottom;}
a 3, a 3, a perforated circular plate of metal which supports above it a number of;
coils of wire, which I prefer to be of copper. These coils of wire are represented
in section by dots at a 4, a 4, (Fig. 1). One or more thin cylinders of metal
are placed amongst the coils to keep them in a vertical position. a 5, a 5,
pipe through which the feed water to be heated is forced by means of a pump.
This pipe terminates' in. the receptacle or rose a 6; a 6, the lower surface of+
which is perforated with holes like a colander. The cylinder a, a, has a top of
a conical form, (perforated with a number of holes,) from the middle of which
proceeds the pipe a 7, a 7, which terminates in the cock or valve a'8 ;, b, b,
another cylinder, which slides on the cylinder a, a; it is furnished with a cover
and the steam is prevented from escaping by a slight packing at 6'1, 61, and
at 62, where the pipe a 7, a 7, passes through the cover. To render the
movement of the cylinder 6, 6, as easy as possible, it is balanced,, or as nearly
as may be, in the following manner":-6 3, 63,. two pullies turning on centres.
in frames over which the chains or bands 6 4,6 4, pass. One end of these chains
or bands is attached to the cylinder bb, and the other ends are attached to

page_text: the weights 65, 65, which are so regulated as to keep the cylinder b, b, in a
state of equilibrium or thereabouts. 66, a light rod attached to the cover of
the cylinder b, b; it carries two pins or studs, one of which is shewn at 67;
which opens the cock or valve a 8, when the cylinder b, b, has risen to its
extent, and another one which closes the cock or valve when the cylinder b, b,
is at its lowest point. 68, a worm spring passing round the pipe a 7, and
abutting against a collar upon it. The use of this worm spring is to prevent
concussion in case of the cylinder b, b, rising suddenly, or the spring may be
made also to act as a counterpoise to the cylinder b, b, and so obviate the
necessity of using the weights 65, 65; a 9, a pipe, which communicates from
the interior of the cylinder a, a, through the bottom of the cylinder a 2, a 2,
to the feed pump.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows:-The
engine or other steam apparatus being at work, a portion of the steam which
is evacuated from it forces its way through the pipe a 1, a 1, into the interior
of the cylinder a, a; this compresses to some extent the air contained in it,
and raises-the-cylinder b, b, to-the position shewn in the Figs. In this position
the valve or cock a 8 is opened by the pin 67, and the air passes into the
atmosphere, and the cylinders become filled with steam, which consequently
heats the coils of wire to its own temperature. In the meantime water
has been ejected into the cylinder a, a, through the pipe a 5, a 5, and rose
a 6, a 6, by the inject pump; it falls amongst the heated coils and steam by
which they are commingled together; the water becomes heated and then falls
through the holes in the plate a 3, a 3, to the bottom of the cylinder, from
whence it is drawn through the pipe a 9, a 9, by the feed pump and forced
into the boiler.
Fig. 3 represents in section another modification of the apparatus, which
is more particularly applicable in cases where the steam is evacuated under a
more or less amount of pressure. c, c, cylinder; c 1, cl, pipe by which the
steam is admitted into the cylinder c, c; c2, c2, cylinder bottom; c 3, c 3, per-
forated plate, which supports the coils of wire shewn in section at c4, c4;
c5, c 5, pipe, through which the feed water to be heated is forced-by the inject
pump. This pipe terminates in the rose c6, c 6. From the conical top of
the cylinder c, c, which is perforated with holes, proceeds the straight pipe
c7, c7, which terminates in a cock or valve similar to the cock or valve a 8
in Figs. 1 and 2; c8, pipe by which the feed pump withdraws the heated
water from the cylinder c, c;' d, d, another cylinder, which slides on the
cylinder ċ, c. All these parts are similar in their construction and use to the
corresponding parts shewn in Figs. 1 and 2; d1, dl, packing, by means of
which the cylinder d, d, slides steam-tight on the cylinder c, c; d2, another

page_text: packing at the pipe c7; e, e, another cylinder placed below the cylinder c, c; el,
e 1, a piston working in the cylinder e, e; e 2, piston rod; e 3, cross head, and e 4;
e 4, two side rods connected with the cross head e 3. The side rods e 4,e4, arė
connected at their upper ends to the snugs d 3, d 3, on the cylinder d, d, so.
that when the cylinder d, d, rises the piston e 1, e 1, rises with it, and the air.
in the cylinder e, e, is proportionally compressed, and thus acts as a spring or
weight on the cylinder d, d; f,f, an air vessel connected with the cylinder
e, e, by means of the pipe f1; ƒ2, regulating valve, f8, cock or valve by means
of which the air vessel f.f, can be supplied with air as may be required. In-i
stead of air, steam from the boiler may be used in the cylinder e, e. The
object of this apparatus is to adjust the pressure on the piston e 1, el, and
consequently the pressure on the steam in the cylinder d, d, to any degree of
nicety which may be required. The operation of this apparatus.is similar to'
that shewn in Figs. 1 and 2, with the exception that it is better adapted, for
cases in which the steam is evacuated or discharged from the engine, or steam
apparatus under considerable pressure and consequently greater heat than in
the former case.
Fig. 4 represents a section taken vertically, and Fig. 5, a side view of:
another modification of the apparatus. 9,9, cylinder; 91, 91, pipe by which
the steam is admitted into the cylinder 9, 9,; 92,9 2, cylinder bottom; 9.3, g 3,.
perforated plate which supports the coils of wire shewn in section at 9 4, g 4;
g 5,9 5, pipe through which the feed water to be heated is forced by the inject
pump. This pipe terminates in the rose g 6, 96; 97, pipe which conveys the
heated water from the cylinder g, g, to the feed pump. All these parts, are
similar in their constuction and use to the corresponding parts shewn in Figs.
1, 2, and 3; 98, the cylinder cover on which is a curved pipe, which terminates.
in the snifting valve g, g. The operation of this modification of the apparatus*
is as follows: The steam from the exhaust pipe entering the cylinder gig,
through the steam pipe g 1,9 1, forces the air contained in the cylinder through>
the snifting valve 99, into the atmosphere; this occasions a partial vacuum to_
be formed in the cylinder g, g, into which the steam then 'rushes and heats the
coils of wire g 4,94. In the meantime the water to be heated is forced by the
inject pump through the pipe g 5, g 5, and rose 9 6, and dispersed amongst the..
coils of wire and steam, they are thus commingled together and the water con-*
sequently acquires the same degree of heat. It then falls through the holes in the
perforated plate g 3, to the bottom of the cylinder from which it passes through:
the pipe 97, to the feed pump. Another modification of the apparatus is shewn
(in section) in Fig 6; h, h, a cylinder or other vessel of a convenient form;;
h1, 1, pipe which conducts the steam from the éduction pipe of the.engine.org

page_text: șteam apparatus to the cylinder or vessel h, h; h2, h2, another pipe proceeding
from the top of the vessel h, h, which delivers the surplus steam into the
atmosphere or conveys it away to be applied to some other useful purpose; h3,
h.3, a series of conical surfaces perforated with holes, and arranged one above
another as shewn in the Figure; h 4, h 4, pipe by which the feed water is forced
into the interior of the vessel h, h, by the inject pump; h 5, pipe which proceeds
from the bottom of the vessel and conveys the heated water to the feed pump.
The operation is as follows:-The steam entering the vessel h, h, by the pipe.
h1, h 1, and leaving it by the pipe h 2, h2, evacuates the air from the vessel,.
which consequently becomes filled with steam, and the perforated conical sur-
faces h 3, h 3, become heated to the temperature of the steam. In the mean-
time water being injected into the vessel through the pipe h 4, h 4, percolates
through the heated surfaces, becomes mixed with the steam, acquires the same.
temperature, and with a portion of the steam. which is condensed falls to the
bottom of the vessel h, h, from which it passes by the pipe ho, to the feed pump,
by which it is forced into the boiler..
In the foregoing description of my Invention I have mentioned-two-pumps-
as forming part of the apparatus, namely, the inject pump, which forces the feed
water into the cylinder or vessel, and the feed pump which. withdraws the water
from the cylinder or vessel and forces it into the boiler. But I do not confine
myself to the use of these pumps, as for instance, the inject pump may in some
cases be dispensed with by making the water force itself into the cylinder or
vessel by its own gravity from an elevated reservoir or cistern. Also the feed
pump may be dispensed with and the water conveyed into the boiler by any of
the usual appliances for that purpose. Also, instead of two pumps, I sometimes
use a double acting pump, the motion of the piston in one direction forcing the
water into the cylinder or vessel, and its motion in the other direction forcing
it into the boiler. Neither do I confine myself to the use of the coils of wire,
or the conical surfaces before mentioned, as thin, corrugated, or perforated
plates of metal, or any other metallic surfaces, may be used instead, or the form
of the interior of the cylinder or vessel may be varied to answer the same
purpose. Though I have described my Invention as applied to the purpose of
heating the feed water for steam boilers,, yet I do not confine myself thereto,
as it may obviously be applied to heating water or other fluids for other pur-
poses. Though I have described only, one pipe, to convey the steam into the
apparatus, yet two or more may be used.
In the accompanying Drawing I have not thought it necessary to shew how.
the various apparatuses are to be supported, as this may be done in the usual!
manner, and such
means made use of as may be most convenient. The scale.

page_text: is marked on the Drawings, but I do not confine myself thereto, but vary the
size of the apparatus according to the quantity of water or other fluid to be
heated by the steam.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I hereby declare that what I claim as new
and of my Invention is as follows:-
First, I claim the combined application of the two pumps, namely, the inject
pump and the feed pump, or the substitute or substitutes for the same in com-
bination with a cylinder or vessel (more or less closed) into which the steam is
admitted for the purpose of transferring the latent heat of the steam to water
or other fluids.
Second, I claim the application and adaptation of the coils of wire, or sub-
stitute or substitutes, for the same, for the purpose of aiding and assisting the
transferring of the latent heat of steam to water or other fluids as,herein set
forth and described.
Third, I claim the application and adaptation of the apparatus shewn in Figs.
1 and 2, and herein described.
Fourth, I claim the application and adaptation of the apparatus shewn in
Fig. 3, and herein described.
Fifth, I claim the application and adaptation of the apparatus shewn in Figs.
4 and 5, and herein described.
Sixth, and lastly, I claim the application and adaptation of the apparatus
shewn in Fig. 6, and herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jonathan Newall, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixth day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
Witness,
JOHN POTTER, C. E.
4, Old Millgate, Manchester.
JONATHAN NEWALL. (L.s.)