Improvements in Typewriting Machines.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Oct., 1891-Accepted, 21st Nov., 1891
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by HENRY MAJOR, of Clifton Place, City of
Brooklyn, County of Kings, State of New York, one of the United States of
America, Gentleman.]
Improvements in Typewriting Machines.
I, CHARLES AUBREY DAY, Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Patent
Agents, of 321, High Holborn, in the County of London, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The machine shown in the accompanying drawings and hereinafter more fully
described is of that class of type-writers known as shifting-platen machines, in
which the type-bars or levers are each provided with an upper case and a lower
case letter (or with two type as capital letter and small letter or numeral and
punctuation mark etc.) and in which the platen is shifted for the impression of
one of said letters or type of each said type-bars or levers, but some of the
improvements to be described may be embodied in machines of other form or
construction.
The improvements relate to the paper-carriage or means for holding and
carrying the paper; to means for shifting the paper-carriage for the impression of
capital letters, punctuation marks etc.; to means for effecting the letter-spacing of
the paper-carriage; to means for rotating the paper-platen and feeding the paper
in line-space direction; to means for regulating the rotation of the platen and the
feeding in line-space direction of the paper; to means for raising and turning the
platen to expose the line being written; to means for feeding the inking-ribbon
longitudinally and transversely; to means for automatically reversing the direction
of movement of the inking-ribbon, longitudinally; to means for arresting the
paper-carriage at predetermined points to secure variable widths of margin; to
means for releasing the paper-carriage from the escapement mechanism to obtain a
rapid movement of the carriage towards the left; and to the detail construction of
the type-bars or levers, connecting-rods, key-levers, bell-mechanism, and various
other parts of the machine, all as will be hereinafter more fully described and
particularly pointed out in the appended claims.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1, is a top plan view of the entire machine partially broken away to show
the escapement.
Figure 2, is an elevation taken at the right hand side of the machine, with the
frame-work partly broken away at the lower portion and the platen-carrier shown in
its raised position in dotted lines.
Figure 3, is an elevation looking at the left hand side of the machine, the lower
portion of the frame-work being partially broken away.
Figure 4, is a transverse section taken at the line,, of Fig. 1 and looking in
the direction of the arrows, with some of the over hanging hooks of the key-levers
removed to avoid confusion.
Figure 5, is a vertical section taken at the line y, y, of Fig. 1.
Figure 6, is an enlarged side view of the upper portion of the type-movement, its
hanger and support.
Figure 7, is a vertical section taken at the line x, 2, of Fig. 6.
Figure 8, is a vertical section taken at the line w, w, of Fig. 6.
Figure 9, is an elevation of the right hand end of the platen-carrier and platen.
Figure 10, is an elevation of the right hand end of the main-carriage with the
front vibratory rail added.

page_text: Figure 11, is a horizontal central section of the bell-mechanism and driving-
drum.
Figure 12, is a vertical section taken at the line u, v, of Fig. 5, with the gong
removed.
Figure 13, is a similar section showing the parts in their moved position and just
previous to the ringing of the alarm.
Figure 14, is a perspective view of a key-button or head and its support.
Figure 15, is a perspective view of the lower end of a connecting-rod.
Figure 16, is a perspective view of portions of a key-lever adapted to the key-
button support and the lower end of the connecting-rod.
Figure 17, is a perspective view of a type-bar hanger.
Figure 18, is a perspective view of a portion of the top-plate or type ring and
the superposed hanger plate.
Figure 19, is an enlarged vertical section taken at the line u, u, of Fig. 1.
Figure 20, is a rear elevation of part of the platen-carrier in normal position in
full lines and working position in dotted lines.
Figure 21, is a back view of the escapement devices.
Figure 22, is a perspective view of the detaining dog and the spacing-dog.
Figure 23, is a side elevation of the carriage-releasing devices.
Figure 24, is top plan of the carriage-releasing devices.
Figure 25, is a back view of a portion of the feed-rack support and of the devices
for attaching the end of the driving-chain or cord.
Figure 26, is a vertical section taken at the line t, of Fig. 25.
Figure 27, is a diagrammatic view illustrating the platen-shifting devices for
upper case printing.
Figure 28, is a front elevation of the interior of a portion of the type-ring
showing the mode of attachment of the universal bar or spacing mechanism
spring.
Figure 29, is a vertical section taken at line s, 8, of Fig. 28.
In the various views the same part will be found designated by the same numeral
of reference.
1, designates the machine frame-work which is preferably made of cast iron, and
2, is the top-plate or type-ring.
At or near the base of the machine, and at the rear side thereof, the key-levers 3,
are pivoted as indicated at 4.
Each key-lever is provided with a vertically arranged coiled returning spring 5,
which also serves to hold the levers up against their common pivot or fulcrum 4,
each spring being connected at its lower end to the key-lever, and at its upper end
to a stud or tooth 6, projecting forwardly from a back-plate 7.
The front end of each key-lever is provided with a finger key or button 8, which
is detachably connected to a vertical support 9, fastened at its lower end to the key'
lever.
The finger key or button 8, is provided with a shank 10, preferably moulded
within the button head, and bifurcated at its outer free end, as at 11, to embrace
the sides of the vertical support 9, which at its uppermost end is slotted as at 12, to
receive the plain or solid portion 13, of the shank 10. By this construction the
head or button 8, when in position upon the support is locked or held against
lateral as well as rotatory movement, and hence the character on its face is unable
to get out of alignment or true position.
The vertical support 9, is formed with a tongue 14, at its lower end which is
bent laterally to pass through an eye 15, in the key-lever, and which is of sufficient
length to be turned up and bent tightly against said key-lever, after having been
passed through the eye thereof, to secure the support 9, rigidly to the key-lever.
The key-levers are all arranged in parallel planes, and equidistantly, and are
maintained in this relation by means of a rear reed or comb 16, and a front reed or
comb 17, both extending transversely across the machine and suitably supported in
the frame-work.

page_text: The front comb limits the upward movement of the key-levers in returning to
their normal positions under the influence of the returning springs 5.
The type-bars or levers 18, are each pivoted or centered in a hanger 19, and are
actuated by an auxiliary bent lever 20, also pivoted in said hanger, and connected
to a key-lever by means of a connecting rod 21.
Each type-bar is provided with two type 22, on a common base 23, having a
single stem 24, fitted into an eye at the free end of the type-bar.
The upper end of the type-bar is provided with lateral conical pivots 25, and 26,
formed preferably by swaging a pin in an eye in the type-bar.
The pivot 25, is fitted into a conical seat 27, formed in one jaw or member of the
U-shaped hanger 19, and the pivot 26, protrudes through and slightly beyond an
enlarged perforation 28, formed in the other jaw of said hanger, and said perforation
is provided with a screw thread of fine pitch to receive a hollow exteriorly-threaded
nut or bushing 30, formed interiorly with a conical seat 31, for the conical or
tapering end of the pivot 26.
The outer end of said nut er bushing is formed with a square or angular head 32,
adapted to receive a wrench or small tool to enable the bushing to be conveniently
turned.
By this construction the wear of the pivots or journals of the type-bar may
be readily compensated for, and the ty pe-bar adjusted to turn or work with the
required or desired freedom of motion.
The wear of the journals or bearings may be taken up by simply screwing in the
hollow nut 30.
In depending ears 33, of the hanger 19, is pivoted at 34, the auxiliary bent
lever 20, which at its lower forward end is formed with a loop 35, which loosely
embraces the type-bar 18.
The loop 35, is slightly longer than the width of the type-bar in order that the
key-lever, connecting rod and the auxiliary lever may have a slight amount of
motion and acquire some momentum before the movement of the type-bar from its
rest 29, commences, so as to render easier the touch or action of the type movement
as a whole.
The upper end of the connecting rod 21, is formed with a T head 36, which is
pivoted in eyes 37, formed at the upper rear end of the auxiliary lever 20, said
lever being made preferably of a piece of sheet metal, and folded or doubled to
form separated jaws or cheek-plates for the admission of the upper T shaped end of
the connecting rod.
The connecting rod is preferably made of sheet metal and at its lower end is
widened and formed with a laterally extending ledge 38, and with a downwardly
projecting hook or tongue 39.
The ledge 38, passes through an eye or slot 40, in a key-lever 3, and the tongue
or hook 39, prevents any detachment of the parts when they have been properly
fitted together.
In practice, the lever is first slipped edgewise partially into the space indicated
by 41, between the extremity of the hook or tongue and the ledge, then the ledge
is passed into the eye or slot of the key-lever and finally the hook is bent or
pinched toward or against said ledge, which effectually prevents any casual
separation of the connecting rod and the key-lever.
Between the ends of the connecting rod and formed integral with, or as a part of
said rod, is a ring or eye 42, adapted to be contracted and expanded, to either
shorten or lengthen the connecting-rod as a whole, as may be needed, in order to adjust
the key-lever to its proper position or level, so that the top edges of all of the key-
levers may stand in the same horizontal plane, and so that all of the key-heads or
buttons, in each row, or bank, may stand at the same height, and have a like
extent of depression.
The key-lever may be lowered by applying pressure with a pair of pincers or
like instrument to the eye or ring transversely, thus stretching or elongating said
eye, and consequently increasing the length of the connecting rod as a whole.

page_text: The key-lever may be raised by applying pressure upon said ring or eye in a
vertical direction to bring the two straight rod portions extending up and down
from opposite sides of said ring closer together thus shortening the connecting-rod
as a whole.
On the top-plate or type-ring 2, is mounted a ring or circular plate 43, which at
suitable intervals is formed or provided with square or rectangular openings 44 and
centrally of each of said openings the top plate or type-ring 2, is provided with a
threaded perforation 45.
The type-bar hanger 19, is preferably bent into the U-form shown, from a piece
of sheet metal, and is provided with a depending projection 46, on each member
adapted to enter the rectangular opening 44, and rest upon the upper surface of the
type-ring 2.
Each of said projections 46, has a length corresponding to that of-the-radial side
of the rectangular opening in order that the said projections may have a snug fit
within the opening.
The rectangular openings 44 in connection with the projections 46, on the
hangers, serve to keep said hangers and their type-bars always in proper radial
position relatively to the impression point of the machine. The under sides of the
two plies of the hanger rest or bear upon the uppermost ring or plate 43, and the
- hanger is secured in position thereupon by means of a vertical screw, which passes
through a perforation in the crown of the hanger, and enters the threaded perfora-
tion 45 in the top plate.
47, is the main carriage consisting of a front grooved plate 48, a rear rod 49,
parallel therewith, and end pieces 50 and 51.
The front piece, or support 48, is provided with flanged anti-friction rollers 52,
which run upon a vibratory front guide-rail, or track 53, and the rear rod 49, is
provided with a yoke 54, having at each end an elongated fork 55, adapted to
travel upon a rear guide-rail or track 56, mounted at its ends in upwardly extending
ears 57, preferably cast integral with the top plate.
This main carriage 47, is connected to the driving mechanism or spring pro-
pelling power of the machine, in a manner which will be presently explained.
The end pieces 50 and 51 are similar and peculiarly constructed to support a
platen-carrier in a manner to permit of its ready attachment and detachment, and
in a manner to permit the ready exposure of the line being written, for examina-
tion, correction, etc.
Each end piece is provided with an upright member 58, having a curved slot 59,
with which communicates a passage way 60, at the upper extremity of the
member.
Each side piece is also provided with an obliquely arranged curved slot 61,
cut away, or open at 62, in a manner to leave hooks 63 and 64, at each end of
said slot.
The slot 61 is formed on an arc of a circle whose centre lies about at the junction
of the slot 59, and the passage way 60, and the slot 59 is formed on an arc of a
circle whose centre is at the upper hooked end 63 of the slot 61.
The platen-carrier is composed of a frame consisting of a front rod 65, a back
rod 66, and two end bars 67 and 68.
Within this frame is mounted to rotate the paper platen or impression roller 69,
whose axle or shaft is prolonged beyond the end bars 67 and 68, to form journals 70,
adapted to the curved slots 59.
At the rear end of each end bar is provided a lateral stud or journal 71, adapted
to the oblique curved slot 61.
The platen carrier is placed in position upon the main carriage by arranging the
studs 71, in line with the cut-aways 62, and the journals 70, in line with the
passageways 60, and then by a downward movement permitting the studs 71, to
enter the slots 61, and the journals 70, to enter the slots 59. The platen may then
be brought down to operative position by pulling down upon the front rod 65, or upon
a handle 72, extending forwardly from the end bar 67, by which movement the studs 71

page_text: are carried to the upper ends of the slots 61, behind the books 63, and the journals 70
are carried down to the bottoms of the slots 59.
In order to remove the platen-carrier for the substitution of another platen,
either harder or softer, according to the character of the work in hand, a movement
the reverse of this just described is performed.
When it may be desired to inspect the line being written, without removing the
platen-carrier from the main carriage, the handle 72, may be lifted from its normal
horizontal position, to a vertical position, or through an arc of about ninety degrees.
By thus moving the handle, the platen is first raised and then rotated, thus bringing
the line of print well above the plane of the main carriage, and in full view of the
operator.
During the first part of the upward movement of the handle, the platen-carrier
is vibrated, and the platen lifted about the studs 71 as centres of motion, until the
journals 70 arrive at the upper ends of the slots 9; then as the final upward
movement of the handle is continued, the studs 71 travel downwardly and forwardly,
and the platen-carrier and platen are rotated about the journals 70, as an axis of
motion.
The upward movement of the handle is limited by the lower forward ends of the
slots 61, against which the studs 71 strike, and the overhanging hook portions 64,
together with the bent passageways 60, prevent accidental detachment of the
platen-carrier, when turning up the platen to expose the line of print. When the
platen is down in working position, the studs preferably stand at the upper ends of
the slots 61, the journals at the lower ends of the slots 59, and the end bars 67
and 68 in contact with the front part 48 of the main carriage.
The prolonged ends of the platen axle are provided each with a hand wheel 73,
to facilitate rotation of the platen, and the forward or backward feed of the paper.
The platen is provided at its right hand end with a ratchet wheel 74, adapted to
be rotated step by step, by a driving pawl 75, mounted pivotally upon a lever 76
fulcrumed upon the platen axle.
This lever provided with a seat or recess 77, for the inner shorter arm of a
driving-lever 78, pivoted at 79 in an extension of the end bar 68.
The outer operating arm of the lever 78, extends forward a suitable distance, and
is bent to provide a thumb rest 80, where the power may be conveniently applied
to depress said lever and through the devices described rotate the platen step-
by-step.
This thumb rest is located below the plane of the outer arm of the lever 78, and
in such relation thereto as that the thumb may be used to rotate the platen, and
simultaneously return the carriage to the right for the beginning of a new line;
that is to say, the thumb may by downward pressure upon the horizontal rest 80
operate to rotate the platen, and then by lateral pressure upon the outer arm of the
lever operate to pull the carriage back to the right hand end of the machine.
The ratchet wheel 74, is provided with a dog or platen check 81, provided with
a spring, to hold the platen stationary during the time of writing.
The driving-pawl may rotate the platen at each downward movement of the
operating lever a distance of either one or two teeth of the ratchet wheel, as may
be desired in accordance with the position or set of the line space regulator, which
consists of a block 82, interposed between the ratchet wheel and the end bar 68 and
pivoted at 83, on said end bar, and provided with a hand piece 84, by which said
block may be turned.
The distance from the pivot of the block to its outer end is greater than the
width of the block, and the block is arranged to stand beneath the lever 76, and
form a stop therefor to its return movement.
In the end bar 68, is affixed a pin 85, against which said block bears and is
stopped. When the block is set so that its end 86 projects forward, (as shown by
the dotted lines at Fig. 19) the pawl-carrying lever 76 may fall back its greatest
distance, or against the side of the block, or the distance of two notches of the
ratchet wheel, and hence when the line space or operating lever 78 is actuated, the

page_text: driving pawl may rotate the platen two notches or what is known as a full line
space.
When the hand piece 84 is turned up to a vertical position, the end 86 of the
block is carried thereby to a similar position, (shown in full lines at Fig. 19) and
into contact with the lever 76, and moves the same and the driving pawl rearwardly,
to an extent sufficient to rotate the platen to a distance of one tooth on the ratchet
wheel.
In this position of the block, the lever 76, will fall back or return against the
end 86 of the block or to a distance of one notch only, and at each operation
thereafter, of the driving lever, the platen will be rotated only one notch or what
is known as a half line space.
The driving lever 78, is provided with a tong 87, bent laterally in line with the
ratchet wheel to engage the teeth thereof, at the close of the line spacing movement
to prevent any accidental overthrow of the platen in rapid or very forcible line-
spacing.
At the pivot of the operating lever 78, is arranged a torsion spring 88, to return
the parts to normal position after a line-spacing movement.
Near each end of the front rod 65, is arranged a paper guide 89, and between
these guides, on said rod are arranged two shorter paper guides 90.
On the back rod is hinged a paper shelf 91, which is prevented from moving
endwise on said rod by collars 92, attached by screws 93 on said rod, and said
hinged paper shelf is held in its normal position by a spring 94, attached at one end
to the shelf, and at the other end to one of the screws 93.
Upon said back rod 66 is hung a deflector or plate 95, curved slightly to conform
with the curvature of the platen, and which is cut away or slotted out at intervals
seen at 96 for the protrusion therethrough of the rubber pressure-roller 97,
which is preferably formed in sections as shown.
as
The continuous shaft 98, of the pressure-roller, is mounted in elongated slotted
bearings 99, preferably formed in ears bent up from the deflector.
Near each end of said pressure roller shaft is mounted a grooved collar 100, upon
which rests the end of a flat spring 101, attached by a tension adjusting screw 102,
to a collar 103 on the back rod 66.
The deflector or curved plate 95, stands close to the platen, but preferably does
not touch the same. It serves to guide the paper to the feed roller which it
supports, and is kept in position by the flat springs 101, which confine the pressure
roller in place.
At the forward, lowermost edge of the deflector is mounted a platen-scale 104,
which may be adjusted upon said deflector with reference to the line of print, by
means of slotted arms 105, and retaining screws 106.
The end paper guides 89, are preferably extended to overlap the scale bar at its
ends to insure the proper feeding forward of the leading edge of the sheet of paper
to be written upon.
These end guides by the pressure of their free ends upon the scale bar assist the
flat springs 101, in keeping the deflector 95 in position.
The deflector by reason of its hinge-like connection to the back rod 66, may
swing slightly rearwardly, or yield for the passage of several thicknesses of paper
and carbon-sheets in doing manifold work; and the pressure roller by reason of the
elongated bearings provided for its shaft, and of the flat springs, may yield or move
slightly rearwardly, or away from the platen, independently of the deflector as the
paper is fed down, so as to insure the proper degree of pressure of said roller upon
the paper, to enable it, in conjunction with the rubber covered platen, to be fed in
line space direction as the printing progresses.
The upper edge of the deflector is provided with two lips 107, which form stops
to the rearward movement of the spring-actuated paper shelf.
108 is a plate or table surface, constructed at its front side to form a yoke
consisting of downwardly bent portions 109, perforated to slide upon the back guide
rail 56.

page_text: The said downwardly bent perforated portions 109, are fitted between the
elongated forks 55.
The rearmost edge of the plate 109, slides in a groove in an upright 112, secured
adjustably upon the top plate or type ring 2.
The groove is preferably formed by a bent lip 113, and an anti-friction roller 114,
mounted on a pin projecting forward from said upright.
The upright is preferably made of springy sheet metal and is provided with a
curved front edge 115, adapted to guide the rear edge of the table into the groove,
when said table may be turned down to its normal position after having been raised
for inspection or adjustment of some of the devices covered thereby.
In descending, the said rear edge of the table presses against the curved cam-like
projecting edge 115, and forces the upper end of the upright rearwardly until the
edge of the table springs into the groove and seats itself upon the upper surface of
the anti-friction roller 114.
The lip 113 prevents any rise of the table until the upper end of the upright
shall have been pushed rearwardly, to effect a disengagement or uncatching of the
parts. On the under side of the table are provided two studs or supports 116, to
which by screws is attached a feed-rack 117, which when in its normal position lies
in a horizontal plane, with its teeth facing rearwardly.
Connected to the rack, preferably, and by one of the screws employed to attach
the rack, is a bracket 118, U-shaped at its free end and provided with a threaded
perforation.
In connection with the U-shaped end of this bracket is employed a perforated
washer 119, having a downwardly projecting flange 120 on one side.
Between the horizontal portion of the U-shaped end of the bracket and the rear
end of the washer is clamped one end of a driving chain or band 121, a screw 122,
passing through the perforation in the washer and entering the threaded aperture
in the bracket, being employed to obtain a requisite clamping action upon the enl
of the chain or band. The other end of said chain is connected to a drum 123,
provided interiorly with a spiral driving spring 124, and having a hub 125, the
spring being attached to the drum at one end and at the other end to shaft 126,
upon which said sleeve and drum are mounted to turn.
The shaft 126 is mounted in suitable bearings in the frame-work, and may be
turned to wind said spring by means of a hand-wheel 127, attached to the rearmost
end of said shaft.
At or near the forward end of the shaft is provided a ratchet wheel 128 that
turns with said shaft and with which engages an anchor escapement lever 129,
adapted to hold said ratchet wheel, and prevent the shaft from turning accidentally
and the driving spring from uncoiling
The tension of the spring may be diminished, however, by rocking said anchor
by means of its handle portion 130, thus allowing the ratchet-wheel to turn step-
by-step and the spring to unwind.
The tension or action of the driving spring is to move the rack, its table, and
the carriage frame and platen carrier with their accessories towards the left of the
machine.
In connection with the feed rack, and for the purpose of giving a step by step
motion to the same, and its connections, when moving towards the left, are
employed two dogs 131, and 132, the former being the detaining or holding dog,
and the latter the spacing or feeding dog.
The dogs proper project forwardly and engage alternately with the feed
rack, 117, their points or working edges being provided with the necessary bevel.
The detaining dog is made integral with a plate 133 extending at right angles to
the dog, and connected at its left hand end by a horizontal pivot 134, to the upright
portion 135, of a right-angled bracket 136, which at its horizontal portion 137 is
attached to a vertical spindle 138, passing through a perforation in a lug 139,
preferably formed integral with the top plate or type ring.
The spacing dog has a shauk 140 arranged at right angles which is connected to

page_text: the lower portion of the plate 133, by means of screws 141, passing through
elongated slots 142, in said shank, and entering the tapped holes in the plate 133.
By this means of connection the shank 140 may have an endwise movement, and
the dog 132, a reciprocatory movement independent of the detaining dog 131.
A spring 143, connected at one end to said shank and at its other end to a
screw 144, on the plate 133, is provided to move the shank 140, and the dog 132,
towards the right, viewed from the front of the machine.
The lower portion of the plate 133 is notched or cut away at 145 to permit the
dog 132 to move towards the left against the tension of its spring independently of
the detaining dog, when the carriage moves under the superior force of its driving
spring.
The edge of the plate at the cut-away 145, may serve as a stop for said dog or
the ends of the slots 142, may if desired be employed for this purpose.
By reason of mounting the shank of the spacing dog, upon the shank or plate 133,
of the detaining dog, the former dog is obliged to move with the latter when it is
vibrated about the pivot 134.
At 146 is pivotally connected the upper end of a connecting-rod or link 147,
whose lower end is pivotally connected at 148, to an ear of a forwardly projecting
arm 149, attached to or made integral with a universal bar 150, which overlies all
of the key-levers, and which by side arms 151, is pivoted at the rear of the
machine as indicated at 152. Each key-lever provided near its rear end with a
backwardly extending hook 153, which overhangs the universal bar 150, and which,
when caused to descend through the downward movement of its key-lever, bears
upon, and carries along with it the said universal bar, which through its arm 149
pulls down the connecting rod or link 147, and, through the latter, operates to
vibrate downwardly the two dogs 131 and 132, about their pivot 134.
In the normal condition of the machine, the spacing-dog 132, stands in engage-
ment with the rack, out of line with the detaining dog, and at the limit of its
movement towards the left, or in the direction of movement of the carriage.
When the link or rod 147 is pulled down, the spacing dog 132, is vibrated down
out of the rack, and the detaining or holding dog 131, is pulled down into engage
ment with the rack and into a notch or space next behind or further to the right of
the one just occupied by the spacing dog, but at this time there is no feed of the
carriage.
As soon as the spacing dog descends below the plane of the rack, its spring 143,
drives it independently towards the right, the distance of one letter space, or notch,
so that when the pressure upon the universal bar is released, and the spacing
dog, 132 returns to engagement with the rack it enters that space or notch just
occupied by the detaining dog, and as soon as the spacing dog enters said notch, the
carriage driving-spring is free to pull the rack and its connections towards the
right one letter space, or until the spacing dog, which travels with the rack at this
time independently is carried against its stop.
The dogs are returned to their normal positions after vibration through the
universal bar, by a connecting-rod 154, which at its lower end is pivotally con-
nected to another ear on the opposite side of the arm 149, and at its upper end to
the free end of a plate or bar spring 155, which at its other end is attached by a
screw 156, to the top plate 2, and is formed with a flange 157 having a notch 158,
adapted to receive the conical point of an adjusting screw 159, passing through the
top plate and held in position by a lock-nut 160, having a handle.
The tension of the spring 155 may be increased or diminished-respectively by
screwing in or out the said adjusting screw.
Cast integrally with the top plate is an upright arm 161, which at its upper end
is provided with a transverse screw 162 adapted to bear against the vertical
portion 135 of the bracket 136, to limit its turning movement, and to receive and
sustain the shock or thrust on the dogs during the spacing movements of the
carriage, under the influence of the driving power.
The said screw 162, may also be employed to govern the extent of entrance of

page_text: the dogs into the teeth of the feed rack, since by further turning in said screw the
bracket may be slightly turned about the spindle 138, and the dogs thus thrown
slightly rearwardly, and their plane of vertical vibration changed accordingly.
At the lower end of the spindle 138, is a screw or projection 163, to which is
loosely connected the rear end of an obliquely-arranged rod 164, which at its
forward end is coupled to a downwardly projecting stud 165, on a short lever or
plate 166, fulcrumed at 167, on the under side of the top plate and provided at its
right hand side with a lip 168, adapted to be engaged by a projection 169, extending
downwardly from a release-key-lever 170, which is pivoted at 171, and extends
forward beyond the paper carriage, and is bent to provide a finger piece 172.
On the under side of said lever is a spring 173, adapted to return the lever to first
position.
These devices are provided to enable both dogs to be swung out of engagement
with the rack to release the carriage and enable it to travel rapidly towards the
left of the machine, which is often desirable in doing tabular or account work.
By pressing down upon the finger piece 172, the projection 169, acting against
the lip 168, turns the plate or lever 166, pulls forward the rod 164, and this
operates to rock or turn the spindle 138, and the bracket 136 secured thereto, and
effect a swinging rearwardly of both dogs out of engagement with the feed rack.
When returning the carriage to the right, the bracket turns slightly as the teeth
of the rack force rearwardly the spacing dog, which at this time stands in engage-
ment with the rack, and the construction and arrangement are such that the said
dog bobs freely in and out of the spaces between the teeth of the rack, and with
little or no noise.
For spacing between words, there is a key 180, at the front of the machine,
which is attached to the forward ends of two levers 181, that are pivoted at the
rear of the machine, in line with the pivots of the key-levers and universal-bar.
These levers, 181, like the key-levers, are provided with overhanging hooks, 182,
adapted to depress the universal-bar, and through the connecting-rod 147, vibrate
downwardly the feed dogs to effect the spacing of the carriage.
At each end of the frame-work is a bar 183 provided with a series of teeth 184,
adapted to receive in the spaces between them a carriage abutment or dog 185,
depending from a sleeve or eye 186, adapted to move lengthwise of, and turn upon
the rear carriage guide rail 56.
The left hand bar 183, is preferably graduated, or marked from 5 to 25, there
being that many teeth upon the bar. There may, however, be a greater or less
number if desired.
This toothed bar in connection with its dog 185 and sleeve 186, forms what is
known as the left hand marginal stop since they co-operate to arrest the return of
the carriage to the right, and determine the starting point of the line, which
regulates the amount of margin at the left hand side of the sheet.
This marginal stop is adjustable to obtain the required amount of margin on the
paper, and the adjustment is effected by swinging the dog rearwardly out of
engagement with the teeth of the bar, then sliding its sleeve along the guide
rail 56 until the dog is opposite the desired space, and then swinging the dog down
into said space.
If for instance, the dog be in the fifth space, and it be desired to move it to the
twentieth space, it is swung back out of the rack, and its sleeve then slid along on
the guide rail, until the dog is opposite the twentieth space, when it may then be
turned into said space.
At each return of the carriage now, the right hand fork 55, will strike against
said sleeve, and the carriage will be at once arrested, since the sleeve is locked upon
the guide rail, by means of the dog in the rack.
The toothed bar and dog, and sleeve, at the left hand side of the machine, form
what is known as a line-stop, and these devices it will be understood co-operate, in
a manner similar to those just described, to stop the carriage in its travels to the
left, to determine the length of line written, and the amount of margin at the right
B

page_text: .
hand side of the sheet, the dog or abutment being adjustable for different lengths
of line, or different amounts of margin.
The toothed bar on the left is preferably graduated, and these graduations, as
well as those on the right hand bar correspond with the graduations on the scale
bar 104, on the under side of the platen, and with the scale bar 187 attached at the
front side of the main carriage.
In connection with the latter is employed a pointer or index 188, attached on the
under side of the front vibratory guide rail 53, and arranged in line with the
striking or impression point of the machine.
On the spring-drum shaft 126 is secured a gong 189, for which is provided a
hammer 190, on the end of an arm 191, which is pivoted on a movable plate or
support 192 that is held frictionally upon the hub of the spring drum, and provided
with a projecting finger piece 179.
Between the bell hammer arm, and the plate 192 is arranged an angular trip-
piece 193, which projects beyond the gong and is adapted to come in contact with
a fixed projection 194 on the top plate.
This trip-piece is provided with a small pin 195, which engages with a hook 196
on the hammer arm, to vibrate the same, when the trip-piece proper moves in
contact with the projection 194, so that when the trip-piece passes by said projection
the bell hammer may in returning strike the gong.
The bell hammer arm is provided with a pin 197, and the plate 192 with a
pin 198, and to these pins at opposite ends is attached a spiral actuating spring 199.
As the trip-piece rides over the projection, and the hammer end of the arm 191
is moved towards the axis of rotation of the bell, the upper end of said arm,
bearing the pin 197, moved in an opposite direction, to stretch the spring 199 in
a manner such that when the trip-piece passes by or off the projection the said
spring operates to throw the hammer against the gong.
The hammer arm is limited in its movements towards the gong by a pin 200, on
the plate 192.
The gong striking devices may be adjusted so that the bell will ring at any
desired point of the line being written, simply by moving them by means of the
finger piece 192, to the proper locality.
If for instance, it be desired to have the bell ring when the carriage arrives
at "50" on the scale, the carriage is first moved until "50" on the scale is
opposite the pointer 188, and then the gong operating devices are rotated by hand
until the trip 193 passes by the projection 194 and the bell rings. Thereafter,
every time the carriage arrives at "50" on the scale the signal will be given.
201 designates the inking-ribbon for which is provided at the right hand side of
the machine a ribbon spool or bobbin 202, and at the left hand side of the machine
an additional spool 203, the ribbon being adapted to wind from one spool on to
the other, or travel in the direction of its length, and being also adapted to move
laterally, or in the direction of its width.
The ribbon spool 202 at the right, is mounted upon a shaft or axle 204, fixed in
bearings in the frame-work.
Upon said shaft and embracing said spool is a vertically arranged ribbon spool
carrier or frame 205, consisting of a horizontal bottom portion 206, vertical side
arms or plates 207, and a top cross bar 208.
The rear flange of the ribbon spool 202 is provided with a hub 209 which passes
through an enlarged perforation in the rear side arm 207 of the carrier, and is
notched or slotted at its end as at 178 to receive two diametrically opposite.
tongues 210 on the inner end of a sleeve 211, which is adapted to slide and turn in
a bearing 212, coincident with the axis of the shaft 204. On the outer end of said
sleeve is a crank handle 213, by which the same may be rotated.
Between its ends the outer surface of said sleeve is reduced in diameter to form
shoulders 214, adapted in the back and forth sliding movements of said sleeve, to
strike against the point of a screw 215 passing through the bearing 212.
This construction is provided to enable the spool 202 to be independently rotated

page_text: and cause the ribbon to travel rapidly either on or off of the said spool, in case it
may be desired to detach the ribbon and replace it with a new one, or bring into
use a differently colored ribbon connected to the ribbon already on the machine.
Normally the sleeve stands rearwardly with the front shoulder or circular
flange 214 against the screw 215, but when it may be desired to turn the spool
rapidly by means of the crank, the sleeve is slid forward on the shaft 204, until the
rearmost circular flange 214 strikes against said screw, and the tongues 210 may
then engage the notches of the ribbon spool hub, when said ribbon spool is at the
limit of its rearward movement.
Upon the shaft 204, and between the front arm 207, and the front head of the
ribbon spool is arranged a friction spring 216, to prevent said spool from rotating
too freely.
The front side or head of said spool is provided with a crown ratchet-wheel 217,
for a purpose which will be presently explained.
At the upper end of the front arm 207 of the spool carrier 205 is pivoted at 218
a lever, 219 whose rear arm is formed with a hook or loop or slot, 220, through
which the ribbon passes, and whose front arm is formed with a jaw or V-shaped
head 221, for a purpose which will hereinafter more fully appear.
At the left hand side of the machine, a ribbon spool 203 is mounted on a similar
shaft or axle 222, and is embraced by a similar ribbon spool carrier 223, consisting
of a bottom portion 224, vertical side arms or plates 225, and an upper cross
bar 226. There is also a spring 227, to provide the necessary friction for the
ribbon spool 203, and said ribbon spool is provided at its front side with a ratchet
wheel 228, while the upper end of the forward arm 225, has pivoted to it at 229, a
lever 230, whose rear arm is provided with a hook, loop or slot 231 for the passage
therethrough of the ribbon, and whose forward end is provided with a V-shaped
head 232.
Across the machine over the key-levers is arranged a rock shaft 233, whose ends
are seated in suitable bearings in the frame work of the machine.
Extending up from each end of the said rock shaft is a rocker arm 234, the one
at the right hand end engaging a perforation in the bottom portion 206 of the right
hand spool carrier, and the one at the left hand end, engaging a perforation in the
bottom portion 234, in the left hand spool-carrier.
At the left hand end of the machine, and projecting horizontally rearwardly from
said shaft 233, is another rocker arm 235, to whose rearmost end is attached one
end of a cord or chain 236, whose other end is connected to a barrel 237, attached
to, or made integral with the hub of the driving drum 123.
On the under side of the frame work is attached a flat spring 238, to the free
end of which is connected the lower end of a coupling 239, whose upper end is
hooked over the rocker arm 235.
By these devices, the ribbon carriers, the ribbon spools, and the ribbon are all
carried transversely or towards the front and back of the machine, in accordance
with the movements of the paper carrier.
When the paper carrier stands at the limit of its movement to the right, as for
the beginning of a new line, the chain or cord 236, is partially wound upon the
barrel 237, the rocker arm 235, elevated at its free end, and the rocker arms 234,
and the ribbon-spool carriers, ribbon spools, and ribbon at the limit of their
movements towards the front of the machine.
As the carriage travels step-by-step towards the left of the machine, the turning
of the barrel 237, operates to gradually unwind the chain 236, and permit the
spring 238, by its stored tension to pull down the rocker arm 235, and rock the
shaft 233, and the rocker arms 234 rearwardly. As said rocker arms vibrate
rearwardly, they carry with them progressively the ribbon-spool-carriers, the
ribbon-spools, and the ribbon, the carriers and the spools sliding freely along their
shafts or axles which, it will be observed, are prolonged to provide for the endwise
movements of the spools and their carriers.
When the carriage has arrived at the end of the line or at the limit of its

page_text: movement toward the left, the ribbon spool-carriers, ribbon-spools, and ribbon, will
have moved rearwardly their full extent, and the forward edge-portion of the
ribbon will stand over the printing point. Thus in the travel of the carriage from
right to left, the ribbon will be moved transversely or widthwise and be used in
this direction, instead of longitudinally. On the return of the carriage again to
the right, the ribbon will be moved towards the front again so that its rear edge-
portion will be brought in line with the impression point, and during this movement,
by the elevation of the rocker arm 235, the tension of the returning spring 238 is
renewed so that it may operate to cause the ribbon to travel backwardly again
during the writing of the next line.
The movements of the parts are so timed as that the ribbon moves practically its
whole width towards the front during the travel of the carriage from the extreme
right of the machine to the extreme left thereof, and moves practically its whole
width towards the rear of the machine upon the return of the carriage to the
extreme right.
The ribbon is moved lengthwise from one spool to the other a short distance, to
bring into use a fresh portion or field for the type to strike against in writing the
next line, during the return movement of the carriage by hand from left to right,
and by the following means:
At the left hand side of the machine are two levers 240 and 241, mounted upon a
common pivot 242.
The lever 240 is longer than the lever 241, and is formed or provided at its upper
end with a driving tooth to engage the crown ratchet-wheel 228 on the left hand
ribbon spool, and the shorter lever 241, is also formed or provided with a tooth to
likewise engage the said ratchet wheel.
The lower shorter arm of the lever 241 is provided with a projection 243, for a
purpose which will hereinafter appear in connection with the description of the
devices for automatically reversing the longitudinal direction of movement of the
ribbon.
At the right hand side of the machine are two levers 244 and 245 mounted upon
a common pivot 246, the lever 244 being longer than the lever 245, and both said
levers being provided at their upper ends with teeth to engage with the crown
ratchet wheel 217, on the right hand ribbon-spool.
The lever 245 is provided with a projection 247, for a purpose which will herein-
after be explained.
The levers 240 and 244 are duplicates, and the levers 241 and 245, are
constructed alike, and are so mounted that the preponderance of weight is in the
upper arms of said levers, giving them a tendency to fall rearwardly and down-
wardly by gravity and against their respective ratchet-wheels. The arrangement
is such that only one set of levers can be in operative engagement or relation with
its ratchet wheel at a time, the other set being held out of operative position by the
operation of the automatic reversing mechanism to be presently described.
If the ribbon is to be unwound from the left hand spool to the right hand spool,
the levers 240 and 241 are restrained from work, and the levers 244 and 245 are
permitted to operate in engagement with the ratchet wheel 217 on the right hand
ribbon spool.
The upper arm of the lever 244 is of a length to enable its tooth to ride in
contact with the teeth of the ratchet wheel as the latter is moved towards the rear
of the machine, in the travel of the carriage towards the left.
When the carriage is at the limit of its travel to the left, the tooth of the
lever 244 stands in engagement with said ratchet wheel, and as the carriage is
moved to the right, and the ribbon spool and ratchet wheel move forward towards
the operator, the said lever 244 is vibrated about its pivot by the pushing action
of the ribbon spool, and in rising the tooth of said lever operates to turn the
ratchet wheel and the ribbon spool towards the right, and hence to wind a portion
of the ribbon upon said spool. When the spool has moved forward about half its
distance the lever 244, has been moved up to so nearly a vertical position, that its

page_text: tooth becomes ineffective to turn the ratchet wheel any further and for this reason
the auxiliary lever 245 is provided.
The last mentioned lever stands in a position to engage said ratchet wheel at a
point some distance below the point of engagement of the lever 244, when said
ratchet wheel has been moved forward half its distance, and as the movement of
the ratchet wheel and spool forward, is continued, the auxiliary lever 245, by its
tooth, operates to complete the turning of the ratchet wheel the desired distance,
for the longitudinal feed of the ribbon.
When the ribbon is to wind from the right hand spool on to the left hand spool,
the levers 244 and 245, are locked out of operative position, and the levers 240
and 241 are permitted to operate upon the left hand ratchet wheel, in the manner
just explained of the levers 244 and 245.
By these devices, the ribbon is automatically wound a short distance from one
spool on to the other, each time the carriage is returned for the beginning of a
new line.
When the ribbon has been wholly unwound from one spool, its direction of move-
ment is automatically reversed by the following means:-
A switch lever 248 is pivoted at 249 on the under side of the top plate, about
centrally, and extends transversely on either side of the pivot, to two fixed pins 250
and 251, upon which it rests.
At the left hand side, one arm of the lever 248, is provided with a downwardly
and rearwardly projecting arm 252, which terminates in rear of and in line with the
lower shorter arms of the levers 240 and 241, back of the former of which rests
the projection 243, of the auxiliary lever 241. This depending bent arm 252, is
adapted, when pushed rearwardly by the vibration of the switch lever, to come in
contact with the projection 243, and through it, raise the longer arms and the teeth
of the levers 240 and 241, and hold them up and forward to a position where they
are unable to engage with the ratchet wheel 228, at any time during its back and
forth movement.
At the right hand side of the machine, depends from the opposite arm of the
switch-lever, another similar bent arm 253, which is adapted to be moved against
the projection 247, which overlaps the shorter arm of the lever 244, and through
it, move the operating ends of said levers up out of engagement with the ratchet
wheel 217, in the manner just described of the devices at the left hand side of the
machine.
At or near each end of the ribbon is a pin, button or other enlargement 254, the
one at the right being incapable of passing through the hook, loop or slot, 220, of
the lever 219 on one ribbon spool-carrier, and the one at the left being incapable
of passing through the hook, loop or slot 231, of the lever 230 on the other ribbon
spool carrier. These enlargements co-operate with said loops and levers in the
following manner :
If the ribbon is winding lengthwise from the right hand spool to the left hand
spool, the switch lever 248 is so set that the depending bent arın 252, stands away
from the levers 240 and 241, and the depending bent arm 253 stands against the
levers 244 and 245 to hold them out of working position.
At this time the V-shaped head 221 of the lever 219 stands above the plane of
the right hand arm of the switch lever, in consequence of the superior weight of the
hook shaped end 220 of the lever 219.
Now when the enlargement at or near the right hand end of the ribbon reaches
the hook or loop 220, being unable to pass therethrough, it operates to carry said
hook or loop along with it a short distance, thereby throwing downwardly the
V-shaped head 221 of the lever 219, to a position in line with the protruding right
hand arm of the switch lever 248.
When the V-shaped head is in this position, and the carriage is returned to the
right, thus moving the ribbon carriers towards the front of the machine, the said
V-shaped head engages with the right hand end of the switch-lever, and pushes it
outwardly, and throws the left hand arm of said switch lever inwardly, with the

page_text: result that the depending bent arm 253 is moved away from the levers 244 and 245,
leaving them free to fall by gravity to engage with their ratchet wheel again, and
the depending bent arm 252 is moved over to lock the levers 240 and 241 out of
operative relation to their ratchet wheel. Hence it will be seen that thereafter as
the carriage is returned to the right each time, the ribbon will be partially rewound
upon the right hand spool, and as the enlargement on the ribbon at this side
recedes, the loop or hook 220 will descend by gravity and the V-shaped head 221,
will rise so that it cannot come into contact with the switch-lever 248, as it comes
forward each time with the ribbon spool carrier.
When the ribbon has nearly or wholly unwound from the left hand ribbon spool,
the enlargement at the left hand of the ribbon, engages with the hook or loop 231
and the V-shaped head 232 is moved into position to engage with the left hand arm
of the switch-lever; in a manner similar to that just described with reference to
the devices at the right hand side of the machine, and when the V-shaped head
has, by the forward movement of its carrier, operated to vibrate the switch-lever,
the bent arm 252 is moved away from its levers 240 and 241, and the arm 253 is
moved against the levers 244 and 245, and thereafter the ribbon will feed from the
right hand spool on to the left hand spool.
The auxiliary levers 241 and 245 are preferred but may be dispensed with, if
it be desired to move the ribbon lengthwise, a shorter distance than that herein
provided for.
From foregoing. it will be observed that means are provided for moving and
using the ribbon widthwise, during the time of writing; also that means are pro-
vided for moving the ribbon lengthwise; and also that means are provided for
automatically reversing the direction of movement of the ribbon when it has been
unwound from either spool. Of course if desired the ribbon may be reversed by
hand at any time by simply shifting the switch-lever.
Inasmuch, as before explained, the type bars are provided each with two types,
means must be provided for shifting the platen during the use of the upper case
letters, and some of the punctuation marks.
The front guide rail 53 is provided with two depending arms 255 and 256, which
at their lower ends are provided with hook-like open bearings 257, which rest on
pivot pins 258, projecting inwardly from the side frame-work to permit of the
vibratory motion of said guide-rail.
The depending arm 255, at the left, is provided with an integral extension 259,
which at its lower end is pivoted at 260 to a rearwardly-inclined link or rod 261,
pivoted to a key-lever 263, which is pivoted or fulcrumed at the back of the
machine; the arrangement being such that when said key-lever is depressed, the
guide rail is moved forward towards the operator, against a stop and the main
carriage and platen carrier mounted thereon are likewise moved forward to a
similar extent, to carry the impression point of the platen, for the line being
written, to that centre at which all of the capital or upper case letters, and some
of the punctuation marks radiate and print, it being understood that the lower
case or small letters all print at one centre, and the upper case or capital letters at
another centre.
As the key-board shown at Figure I will indicate, the numerals are all
arranged to print at that centre at which the lower case letters print, as well as
several punctuation marks in the first and second rows of keys, and the remainder
of the punctuation marks or signs are all arranged to print at the centre at which
the upper case letters print.
When the guide rail 53, is moved forward, the carriage and the platen are caused
to move with it by reason of the presence of the grooved or flanged anti-friction
rollers 52, which partially embrace said rod, and in this forward movement of the
main carriage, the elongated forks 55, slide transversely upon the rear guide rail 56,
but not far enough to leave said rail.
A spiral spring 263, attached at one end to an eye in the link or rod 261, and at
its other end to the key-lever 262, is provided to return the parts to their normal

page_text: positions after the shifting movement has been made and the finger has been
removed from said key-lever, which latter is preferably provided with a button or
head inscribed with the words "Upper Case."
When it may be desired to write with all capital letters, and avoid holding the
shift key down with one hand, a cam or stud 264 mounted on a short shaft or
pin 265, having a handle 266, may be employed to hold the parts in the upper case
or shifted positions.
Normally the cam or stud projects upwardly, but when turned rearwardly to a
horizontal position by means of the handle it operates against the extension 259,
and throws it rearwardly, thus rocking the arms 255 and 256 on their pivots, and
causing them to throw the front rail 53 forward, and with it the carriage and platen.
On the handle 266 is a projection 267 which strikes against the frame-work
when the cam or stud is moved rearwardly, and serves to define the extent of its
movement.
In the use of the machine, the paper is passed down in front of the paper shelf
and deflector, and on to the periphery of the sectional pressure-roller, and while
thus held, the platen is partially rotated either by the hand wheels at the sides, or
by the line-space lever, causing the paper to pass between said roller, and the
platen, and to pass around the under side of the latter behind the paper guides to
the desired extent, in accordance with the amount of top margin which it may be
desired to give the sheet.
The paper carriage may then be moved to the right as far as desired for beginning
the new line, and the keys may be operated in the usual way to cause the types to
effect their impressions through the ribbon upon the paper, the carriage feeding
towards the left step-by-step between each letter and word by the means and in the
manner hereinbefore explained.
The carriage may be arrested at the desired point by means of the line stop, and
the bell may be arranged to be rung just previous to the time at which it may be
desired to have the carriage stop, all as before explained.
At the end of the line, the operating or line-space lever may be depressed to
feed the paper onward, for the new line, and at the same time, the lever may be
pushed laterally to return the carriage to the right hand side of the machine.
When it may be desired to inspect the line of print, or to make a correction
therein, the platen roller may be turned up, as illustrated by the dotted lines at
Figure 2, and in turning up the platen, the paper-shelf strikes against the tops of
the elongated forks 55, at the end of the lifting movement of the platen and as
the rotatory movement of said platen is made to complete the exposure of the line
of print, the paper table rides on top of said forks and moves about its hinges to
fold against or in proximity to the paper on the platen, the top surfaces of the
forks being preferably prolonged and extending forward, to afford support for the
rear edge of the paper table during this movement, and to prevent the same from
catching into the rear side bar of the main carriage or its yoke in returning to
normal position.
As the line of print is turned down again to working position, the spiral
spring attached to the paper shelf automatically returns the same to its proper
position which is substantially tangential to the surface of the rear side of the
platen.
The operations of the letter-spacing devices or escapement, the alarm-mechanism,
the ribbon moving and reversing mechanism, the carriage shifting-mechanism for
upper case work, the line-spacing mechanism, and the carriage releasing-mechanism,
have all been sufficiently described hereinbefore to enable any one skilled in the
art to understand the mode of operation of the machine as a whole.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what 1
claim is,
1. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a main carriage, sliding on

page_text: suitable tracks or ways, and a platen-carrier mounted thereon, substantially as
herein shown and described, and in a manner to be readily detachable therefrom,
for the substitution of another platen-carrier.
2. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a platen-carrier, having rear
movable pivots or fulcrums, and pivots or journals coincident with the axis of the
platen, with a main carriage sliding on suitable tracks or ways, and having bearings
for said rear movable pivots or fulcrums, and also bearings for said platen journals,
whereby the platen carrier may be vibrated and lifted about the said rear pivots or
fulcrums, and when so lifted may then be partially rotated about said platen
journals, so that the platen may be both elevated and turned axially, to expose the
line of print.
3. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a main sliding carriage having
at each end a vertical slot and an oblique slot, and a platen carrier having at each
end a journal or axle working in said vertical slot, and also a pivot working in said
oblique slot.
4. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a main sliding carriage having
at each end a vertical, curved slot and an oblique curved slot, and a platen-carrier,
having at each end a pivot or axle working in said vertical curved slot, and also &
pivot working in said oblique curved slot.
5. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a main sliding carriage, having
at each end a vertical curved slot open at its upper end, and an oblique curved slot
open between its ends, and a platen carrier having at each end a pivot adapted to
said oblique curved slots, and provided with a platen having a prolonged axle
adapted to said vertical curved slots.
6. In a typewriting machine, the main carriage consisting essentially of a front
grooved portion, having anti-friction rollers, a rear rod parallel therewith having a
yoke attached thereto, and end-pieces having each a vertical curved slot, and an
oblique curved slot.
7. In a typewriting machine, the platen carrier consisting essentially of a front
rod, a rear rod, two end bars having each laterally extending pivots, and enclosing
a paper platen whose shaft or axis is prolonged at each end beyond the end bars to
provide laterally extending journals.
8. In a typewriting machine, the platen-carrier consisting essentially of a front
rod, a rear rod, two end bars, cach having a laterally extending pivot and one a
forwardly extending hand piece, and enclosing a paper platen whose shaft or axis
is extended beyond said end bars, to provide lateral journals, and provided with a
hand wheel at each extremity.
9. In a typewriting machine, the combination with the rear rod of the platen
carrier, of a hinged, curved deflector, provided at its lower edge with an adjustable
scale-bar, and slotted longitudinally at intervals, and a sectional pressure roller
journaled on said deflector, and protruding through said slots.
10. In a typewriting machine, the combination with the rear rod of the platen
carrier, of a hinged, curved deflector, having longitudinal slots, a sectional pressure
roller, mounted in open bearings on said deflector, and springs connected to said
rear rod, and extending to the shaft of said pressure roller to confine the same
adjustably in said open bearings.
11. In a typewriting machine, the combination with the rear rod of the platen-
carrier of a hinged, curved, slotted deflector carrying a sectional pressure roller,
and a paper shelf independently hinged to said rear rod and provided with a
returning spring.
12. In a typewriting machine, the combination with the rear rod of a platen-
carrier, of a hinged, curved and slotted deflector carrying a sectional pressure
roller, and a spring actuated independently hinged paper shelf, limited in its rear-
ward vibratory movement by means of stops projecting from said deflector.
13. In a typewriting machine, the combination with the rear rod of the platen-
carrier, of a hinged curved, slotted deflector, carrying a sectional pressure roller
and provided with a scale-bar at its lower edge, and paper guides attached to the

page_text: front rod of said roller and extending rearwardly under the platen to and over-
lapping said scale bar.
14. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a paper platen having a ratchet-
wheel, a lever pivoted axially of said wheel and provided with a driving pawl at its
upper end, and an operating-lever having one arm extending to or against the
pawl-carrying-lever, and having its other arm extending forwardly of the platen
carrier, and provided with a tongue to engage said ratchet wheel.
15. In a typewriting machine, the combination of the platen-carrier composed of
a front rod, a back rod, and two end bars, a platen mounted to rotate in bearings in
the end bars and having a ratchet wheel at one end, a lever fulcrumed on the axle
of the platen, and arranged between the ratchet wheel and one end bar, and carrying
at its upper end a driving pawl, and an operating lever fulcrummed in an upward
extension of said end-bar, and connected at its inner end to said pawl-carrying lever,
substantially as described, and provided at its forward end with a bent horizontal
thumb rest.
16. In a typewriting machine, the combination of the platen-carrier, consisting
of a front rod, a rear rod, and two end bars, a platen mounted to rotate in bearings
in the end bars and having a ratchet-wheel at one end, a lever fulcrumed on the
axle of said platen, and carrying at its upper end, a driving pawl, an operating-lever
connected to said pawl-carrying lever and pivoted in an extension of one of said
end bars, and a block pivoted to said end bar and having a stop and a handle
portion, whereby the throw or movement of said levers may be regulated to vary
the amount of rotation of the platen.
17. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a power-driven paper carriage,
a horizontally arranged feed rack a horizontally pivoted detaining-dog, a spacing-
dog adapted to move up and down with said detaining-dog, and adapted also to
slide independently thereof, and means connecting said dogs with the key-levers of
the machine.
18. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a power-driven paper carriage,
a horizontally arranged feed-rack having its teeth projecting rearwardly, a detaining-
dog and a spacing-dog both projecting forwardly to engage alternately with said
rack, the spacing dog having an independent sliding motion, and means for moving
said dogs up and down, about a horizontal pivot.
19. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a power-driven carriage, a
horizontally arranged feed-rack, a bracket, a plate pivoted horizontally to said
bracket, a detaining-dog on the free end of said pivoted plate, a spacing-dog on the
free end of a shank adapted to slide independently on said plate, a spring for moving
said spacing-dog and means for vibrating both said dogs up and down about said
horizontal pivot.
20. In a typewriting machine, the combination with the feed rack of a power-
driven carriage, of a detaining-dog on the free end of a plate which is pivoted
horizontally to a bracket and notched or cut away at its free end, a spacing-dog on
the free end of a shank which is mounted upon said plate by means of screws and
elongated slots, to have a sliding movement thereupon, a spring for moving said
spacing-dog to the right, and means for vibrating both the said dogs vertically about
said horizontal pivot.
21. In a typewriting machine, the combination with the feed rack of a power-
driven carriage of a detaining-dog and a spring-actuated spacing-dog, constructed
substantially as described and having a vibratory movement about a horizontal
pivot in a bracket or stand which has itself a vertical pivot or axis of motion.
22. In a typewriting machine, the combination with the feed rack of a power-
driven carriage, of a detaining-dog and a spring-actuated spacing-dog, constructed
substantially as described and having a vibratory movement about a horizontal
pivot in a bracket or stand which has itself a vertical pivot or axis of motion, and
an adjusting screw adapted to turn said bracket and regulate the position of said
dogs with reference to the teeth of the feed rack, and also adapted to receive

page_text: and sustain the shock on the dogs and bracket, due to the movements of said
carriage.
23. In a typewriting machine, the combination with the feed-rack of a power-
driven carriage of a detaining-dog and a spacing-dog, constructed and arranged
substantially as described, a right-angled bracket to the vertical member of which
the shank of the detaining-dog is pivoted, a vertical pivot for the horizontal member
of said bracket, and an adjusting-screw.
24. In a typewriting machine, the combination with the feed-rack of a power-
driven carriage, of a bracket having a vertical pivot and carrying a detaining-dog
and a spacing-dog in substantially the manner described, and a release key or lever
connected by means substantially described, to the vertical pivot or axis of said
bracket.
25. In a typewriting machine, the combination with the feed-rack of a power-
driven carriage, of a detaining-dog and a spacing-dog, constructed and arranged
substantially as described, a vertically pivoted bracket supporting said dogs, a link
or rod attached at one end to a projection from the vertical pivot of the said
bracket, and at its other end to one end of a pivoted plate on the underside of the
frame work, and a release key or lever adapted to operate upon the opposite end of
said pivoted plate so as to rock or turn said bracket and disengage said dog from
the feed-rack.
26. In a typewriting machine, the combination with the feed-rack of a power-
driven carriage, a pivoted bracket carrying a detaining-dog and a spacing-dog, a
release key having a projection, a horizontal lever plate having also a projection at
one side, and a link or rod connected at one end to the opposite side of said lever
plate and at its other end to a projection extending laterally from the vertical
pivot of said bracket.
27. In a typewriting machine, the combination with the feed-rack of a power-
driven carriage, of a detaining-dog and a spacing-dog constructed substantially as
described and having together a vibratory movement in a vertical plane, a rod
connected at its upper end to the detaining-dog shank and to a transverse universal
bar at its lower end, key levers for vibrating said universal bar, and to a spring for
returning said dogs.
28. In a typewriting machine, the combination with the feed-rack of a power-
driven carriage, of a detaining-dog and a spacing-dog constructed substantially as
described and having together a vibratory movement in a vertical plane, a universal
bar, a series of key levers, a rod connected at one end to the universal bar and at
the other end to said dogs, and another rod also connected to said universal bar and
to a returning spring.
29. In a typewriting machine, the combination with the feed-rack of a power-
driven carriage, of a detaining-dog and a spacing-dog, a pivoted universal bar con-
nected to said dogs, a series of key levers underlying said universal bar and provided
each with a hook overhanging said universal bar.
30. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a power-driven carriage, back
and front guide rails therefor, a plate or table having 2 yoke hinged about said
back guide rail, and supporting on its under side the feed-rack of the escapement.
mechanism.
31. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a paper carriage, back and
front guide rails therefor, a plate or table having a yoke hinged upon said back
guide rail, and supporting on its under side the feed rack of the escapement
mechanism, a spring-drum, a cord or chain connected thereto at one end and con
nected at its opposite end to a bracket on the under side of said plate or table, and
a connecting contrivance for the carriage end of a driving chain or band consisting
of a U-shaped bracket having a threaded perforation, a washer having a flange and
a perforation, and a clamping screw.
32. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a power-driven carriage having
back and front guide rails, a plate or table hinged upon said back rail at its front

page_text: edge and carrying on its under side a feed rack adapted to co-operate with a
detaining-dog and a spacing-dog, and supported at its rear edge upon an anti-friction
roller mounted on a springy upright having a curved front edge.
33. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a paper carriage, of a shaft
or axle, a drum turning thereon, a spring within said drum connected thereto at one
end and at the other end to said shaft or axle, a chain or cord connected at one end
to said spring drum and at the other end to some part of the paper carriage, a hand
wheel on said drum shaft for winding said spring, a ratchet wheel on said shaft, an
escapement device co-acting with said ratchet wheel, a goug mounted fast on said
drum-shaft or axle, and devices substantially as described mounted to turn on the
hub of said spring drum, and adjustable to sound said gong at different pre-
determined points in the travel of the paper carriage.
34. In a typewriting machine the combination with the paper carriage of a spring
driving drum connected thereto, a gong, and gong operating devices movable with
the spring drum and consisting essentially of a plate or support adjustable axially
of the driving drum, a bell hammer arm pivoted to said movable plate or support, a
trip piece pivoted to the bell hammer arm and extending beyond the gong, a pro-
jection to co-act with said trip-piece, and a spring connected at one end to the
movable plate or support, and at its other end to the bell hammer arm.
35. In a typewriting machine the combination with the paper carriage, of a spring
driving drum connected thereto, a gong fixed on the axle or shaft of said drum, a
movable plate or support mounted on the hub of said drum, a bell hammer arm
pivoted to said movable plate or support, a trip piece pivoted to said bell hammer
arm, an actuating spring, and a projection to co-operate with said trip piece.
36. In a typewriting machine, the combination with the paper carriage, of a
spring driving drum connected thereto, a gong fixed on the shaft or axle of
said drum, a movable plate or support, having a finger piece, mounted frictionally
upon the hub of said drum, a bell hammer arm pivoted upon said movable plate or
support and provided with a hook or projection, a trip piece pivoted to said bell
hammer arm and provided with a pin to engage said hook or projection, a fixed
projection arranged in the path of rotation of said trip piece, and a spring for
drawing the bell hammer against the gong as said trip piece passes by said pro-
jection.
37. In a typewriting machine, the combination with the paper carriage of a
spring driving drum, a pair of ribbon spools, a pair of ribbon spool-carriers, an
inking ribbon, a rock-shaft extending across the machine and having at each end a
rocker arm connected to one of said ribbon spool carriers, and connections between
said rock shaft and said spring-drum whereby the ribbon may be moved back and
forth widthwise during the forward and return movements of the paper carriage.
38. In a typewriting machine, the combination with the paper carriage, of a
spring driving drum flexibly connected thereto, a pair of ribbon spools, a pair of
ribbon spool carriers, a pair of elongated shafts or axles therefor, a rock shaft
extending across the machine and connected at each end to one of said ribbon spool
carriers, a rearwardly projecting rocker arm secured to said rock shaft, a chain or
band connected at one end to the free end of said rocker arm and at its other end
to the axis of rotation of said spring drum, and a returning spring, whereby as the
carriage feeds forward step by step towards the left, the said spring may operate
through the described devices to move the ribbon rearwardly widthwise, and
whereby as the carriage is returned to the right for the beginning of a new line,
the rotation of the said spring drum may operate to raise said rocker arm against
the tension of said spring and reverse the action of the parts so as to cause the
ribbon to move widthwise towards the front of the machine.
39. In a typewriting machine, the combination with the paper carriage, of a
spring driving drum connected thereto, a pair of ribbon spools, a pair of ribbon
spool carriers, consisting each of a frame embracing one of said spools, a prolonged
shaft or axle for each ribbon spool and carrier, an inking ribbon, a transverse rock
shaft having vertical rocker arms connected to said ribbon spool carriers, a barrel

page_text: or pulley upon the axis of said spring drum, a chain or band secured thereto at one
end and attached at its lower end to the free end of an arm extending rearwardly
from said transverse rock shaft and a returning spring.
40. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a paper carriage, of a spring
driving drum connected thereto, a pair of ribbon spools, means for moving them
back and forth, a crown ratchet-wheel on each of said ribbon spools, and a pair of
levers for turning each of said ratchet wheels to move the ribbon lengthwise.
41. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a paper carriage, of a spring
driving drum connected thereto, a pair of ribbon-spools, means for moving them
back and forth, a crown ratchet wheel on each of said ribbon spools, a pair of
driving levers for turning each of said ratchet wheels, and a switch adapted to hold
either pair of driving levers out of engagement with their ratchet wheel in
accordance with the direction in which it may be desired. to have the ribbon feed
longitudinally.
42. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a pair of ribbon spools each
having a ratchet wheel and an inking ribbon, of means for moving said spools and
inking ribbon back and forth, levers for turning said ratchet wheels, a switch lever
having depending arms adapted to alternately engage the shorter arms of said
ratchet wheel levers so as to hold either of said levers out of working position and
allow the other by gravity to fall into operative relation with its ratchet wheel.
43. In a typewriting machine, the combination with the ribbon spools adapted to
move back and forth and having each a ratchet wheel, of a pair of levers for each
of said ratchet wheels, one being longer than the other, and adapted each to
successively partially rotate said ratchet wheel.
-
44. In a typewriting machine the combination with an inking ribbon, of a pair
of ribbon spools provided each with a ratchet wheel, a pair of levers, for each of
said ratchet wheels, of different lengths and connected together, and a switch lever
provided with arms adapted alternately to engage each pair of ratchet levers to
hold the same out of operative position.
45. In a typewriting machine, the combination of the inking ribbon with a pair
of reciprocating ribbon spools each provided with a ratchet wheel, a pair of levers
of different length for each of said ratchet wheels, one lever of each pair being
constructed to overlap the other, and a switch-lever having depending arms adapted
to alternately move each pair of ratchet wheel levers out of working position, to
permit the direction of the feed of the ribbon lengthwise to be reversed.
46. In a typewriting machine the combination with the inking ribbon having an
enlargement at or near each end, of a pair of reciprocating ribbon spools, a set of
devices for turning each of said spools, a pair of ribbon spool carriers, a lever
mounted on each of said carriers and having a hook or loop through which the
ribbon passes and extending forwardly beyond its carrier, and a switch lever
connected to the means for turning said ratchet-wheels whereby either enlargement
upon the ribbon may throw either lever upon either ribbon spool carrier to a
position to actuate said switch lever and cause it to throw out of action one set of
the devices for turning the ribbon spools and permit the other set to work in
engagement, thus automatically reversing the longitudinal feed of the inking
ribbon.
. 47. In a typewriting machine, the combination with an inking ribbon having an
enlargement at or near each end, of a pair of reciprocating ribbon spools, a pair of
reciprocating ribbon spool carriers, a lever mounted on each of said carriers and
having a hook or loop through which the ribbon passes and projecting forwardly
beyond its carrier, a ratchet wheel on each of said ribbon spools, a lever for turning
each of said ratchet wheels alternately, a switch lever connected with said ratchet
wheel levers and adapted to be actuated in either direction by the enlargements on
the inking ribbon through the hooked or looped levers and adapted in turn to first
hold one of the ratchet wheel levers out of engagement, and then the other, to
enable the automatic reversing of the inking ribbon.
48. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a paper carriage, of a spring

page_text: drum connected thereto, an inking ribbon having an enlargement at or near each
end, a pair of ribbon spools having each a ratchet wheel, a pair of ribbon spool
carriers, a transverse rock shaft connected to said carriers and to said spring drum
and a spring (to enable the ribbon to be moved back and forth as the carriage is
moved forward and backward on its ways or tracks), a lever mounted on each of
the said ribbon spool carriers having a loop or hook for the ribbon to pass through
and extending forwardly beyond said carrier, and adapted to be vibrated by said
enlargements, a lever for alternately engaging each said ratchet wheel, and a switch-
lever adapted to hold said ratchet wheel levers alternately out of engagement and
adapted to be actuated or vibrated alternately in opposite directions by the said
hooked or looped levers of the ribbon spool carriers.
49. In a typewriting machine the combination with an inking ribbon, of a ribbon-
spool adapted to move back and forth, a sleeve having a hand-piece adapted to
slide axially of said spool and to engage the same to enable its rotation to be
effected by hand.
50. In a typewriting machine, the combination of an inking ribbon and a ribbon.
spool adapted to move back and forth of a sleeve having a hand piece adapted to
slide on the axle of the shaft of said ribbon spool provided with tongues to engage
grooves in the hub of said spool and stops to limit the sliding movements of said
sleeve.
51. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a paper carriage having a
rear guide rail, of a sleeve movable lengthwise on said rail and having a depending-
dog, and a rack-bar on the machine frame with which said dog engages, to arrest
the carriage at predetermined points to secure variable widths of margin.
52. In a typewriting machine, the combination of the type bars having each a
plurality of types, a paper carriage, a front rail for said paper carriage having
depending arms supported upon suitable pivots, one of said arms having a downward
extension, a key lever, a connecting link pivoted at one end to said key lever and
at it its other end to said extension, and a spring connected at one end to said link
and at the other end to said key lever, whereby the said front rail, and with it the
paper carriage may be shifted forward and returned to enable the imprint of capital
letters, punctuation marks, etc.
53. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a series of type bars each
having a plurality of types, a paper carriage having a front grooved portion
provided with flanged anti-friction rollers and a back yoke having elongated forks,
a rear guide rail for said forks to slide upon longitudinally and transversely, a
front rail, for said flanged anti-friction rollers to ride upon, having depending arms
suitably pivoted in the frame work, a key lever and connections substantially as
described between said key lever, and said front rail whereby upon the depression
of said key-lever said rail and said carriage may be shifted for the imprint of
capital letters, punctuation marks, etc.
54. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a series of type levers having
a plurality of types, a paper carriage, a front rail therefor having depending arms
suitably pivoted in the frame work and one of said arms having a downward
extension, a key lever, a link between said key lever and said extension, a spring,
and a contrivance for locking said carriage in its forward shifted position, consisting
of a pivoted cam or projection adapted to act upon said extension and provided
with a handle and stop.
55. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a U-shaped hanger having a
conical perforation in one jaw thereof. and a threaded perforation in the other jaw
thereof, a type bar having lateral conical pivots, and a nut or bushing having
interiorly a conical seat and threaded exteriorly to engage with said threaded
perforation of the hanger.
56. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a U-shaped hanger having a
conical seat in one jaw thereof and a threaded perforation in the other, a type bar
having lateral conical pivots, a nut or bushing having interiorly a conical seat and

page_text: threaded exteriorly to engage said threaded perforation, and an auxiliary bent lever
connected to said type bar and also connected to a key lever.
57. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a hanger, a type bar pivoted
therein, an auxiliary bent lever, also pivoted therein, provided at its lower end with
a loop which embraces said type bar and connected at its upper end to a key lever.
58. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a top plate having a series of
threaded perforations, a ring set thereupon provided with a series of rectangular
openings arranged centrally of said threaded perforations, a series of U-shaped
hangers each having two projections to fit into one of said rectangular openings
and a perforation in its crown for the passage of a retaining screw whose point
enters the threaded hole in the top plate, a type bar pivotally supported at the
outer end of said hanger and provided with means for adjusting the wear of its
pivots, an auxiliary bent lever also pivoted in said hanger and connected to said
type bar, a key lever, and a connecting rod attached to said key lever at one end,
and to the auxiliary lever at the other end.
59. In a typewriting machine, the combination with the top plate having a series
of threaded holes, a superimposed ring having a series of rectangular openings in
line with said holes, a series of U-shaped hangers having each two projections
fitting into the said openings, a retaining screw, a series of type-bars each of which
is pivoted in one of said hangers, a series of auxiliary bent levers, each of which is
also pivoted in one of said hangers and connected to one of said type-bars, a series
of key levers, and a series of connecting rods, connecting said key levers with said
auxiliary bent levers and having each an eye or ring intermediate its ends.
60. In a typewriting machine, the combination with the top plate having a series
of threaded holes, a superimposed ring having a series of rectangular openings in
line with said holes, a series of U-shaped hangers having each two projections
fitting into the said openings, a retaining screw, a series of type-bars each of which
is pivoted in one of said hangers, a series of auxiliary bent levers, each of which
is also pivoted in one of said hangers and connected to one of said type-bars, a
series of key levers, and a series of connecting rods, connecting said key levers
with said auxiliary bent levers and having each an eye intermediate its ends, and
constructed at its lower end with a ledge and a hook to co-operate with a slot in
its respective key lever to enable the same to be securely and adjustably joined
thereto.
61. In a typewriting machine, a finger button or head provided with a slotted
shank, and a vertical support provided with a slotted upper end to prevent rotation
of said head or button, and with a tongue at its lower end passing through a slot in
a key lever and bent against the same to confine the support properly upon said
key lever.
Dated this 15th day of October 1901
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
321, High Holborn, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.