Screw Nuts of the said Screw Bolts.
Year: 1884

page_text: Screw Nuts of the said Screw Bolts.
We HENRY HAWKINS of N° 11 Plough and Harrow Road Birmingham in the
County of Warwick Screw Manufacturer and EDWARD HAWKINS of No 43 Stirling
Road Birmingham aforesaid Screw Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW BOLTS AND IN LOCK WASHERS
FOR THE SCREW NUTS OF THE SAID SCREW BOLTS" to be as follows:-
The object of our invention is to effect in a simple manner the locking of the
screw nuts of screw bolts so as to prevent the loosening and turning of the screw
nuts by the vibration to which in use they are subjected or other accidental cause.
Our improvements are particularly applicable to the locking of the screw nuts of
screw bolts used for railway and other carriages railway fish plates and machinery
but we do not limit the application of our invention to any special use.
Instead of making the screwed stem of the screw bolt cylindrical as usual wo
make the stem square in cross section and form the screw thread upon the angles
of the square stem. In conjunction with a screw bolt of this kind we use a lock
washer having a square hole in it of a size suitable for taking upon the square stemn
of the bolt. This washer is of an oblong figure the square hole being situated in it
unsymmetrically that is it is not situated in the middle of the washer but near one
end of it so that sufficient metal is left on one side of the said hole to form a lip
for the purpose hereinafter explained. The lip or extended part of the washer
may either be split or divided in the direction of its length or be left undivided.
Or a lip part at one end of of the washer of less width than the other portion of
the washer may be used.
Instead of using an oblong washer a washer having a hexagonal or other
polygonal figure may be employed and instead of a square hole a hole of a
hexagonal or other polygonal figure may be used.
The screw nut used with the improved screw bolt and lock washer described is
of the ordinary kind.

page_text: In using our improved screw bolt and lock washer the screw bolt is passed
through a square hole in the part or parts to be bolted and the washer is passed
onto the bolt by a sliding motion and up to the surface against which the screw
nut is to take a bearing. The screw nut is next screwed home against the washer
in the ordinary way. The lip of the washer is then bent by means of a chisel or
other tool at right angles to the other portion of the washer and the said bent lip
is thereby made to press forcibly on one of the sides of the screw nut. As the stem
of the bolt is square in cross section and the hole in the washer is also square no
rotation of the washer upon the screw bolt can take place and hence the secure
locking of the screw nut by the lip part of the washer is effected.
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicants.

page_text: Screw Nuts of the said Screw Bolts.
We HENRY HAWKINS of N° 11 Plough and Harrow Road Birmingham in the
County of Warwick Screw Manufacturer and EDWARD HAWKINS of No 43 Stirling
Road, Birmingham, aforesaid Screw Manufacturor do hereby declare the nature of
our invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW BOLTS AND IN LOCK WASHERS FOR
THE SCREW NUTS OF THE SAID SCREW BOLTS" and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The object of our invention is to effect in a simple manner the locking of tho
screw nuts of screw bolts so as to prevent the loosening and turning of the screw
nuts by the vibration to which in use they are subjected or other accidental cause.
Our improvements are particularly applicable to the locking of the screw nuts of
screw bolts used for railway and other carriages, railway fish plates and machinery,
but we do not limit the application of our invention to any special use.
Instead of making the screwed stem of the screw bolt cylindrical as usual wo
make the stem square in cross section and form the screw thread upon the angles
of the square stem. In conjunction with a screw bolt of this kind we use a lock
washer having a square hole in it of a size suitable for taking upon the square
stem of the bolt. This washer is of an oblong figure the square hole being
situated in it unsymmetrically, that is, it is not situated in the middle of the
washer but near one end of it so that sufficient metal is left on one side of the
said hole to form a lip for the purpose hereinafter explained. The lip or extended
part of the washer may either be split or divided in the direction of its length or
be left undivided. Or a lip part at one end of the washer of less width than the
other portion of the washer may be used.
Instead of using an oblong washer, a washer having a hexagonal, or other
polygonal figure may be employed and instead of a square hole a hole of a
hexagonal or other polygonal figure may be used.
The screw nut used with the improved screw bolt and lock washer described is
of the ordinary kind.
In using our improved screw bolt and lock washer the screw bolt is passed
through a hole in the part or parts to be bolted and the washer is passed onto the
bolt by a sliding motion and up to the surface against which the screw nut is to
take a bearing. The screw nut is next screwed home against the washer in the
ordinary way. The lip of the washer is then bent by means of a chisel or other
tool at right angles to the other portion of the washer and the said bent lip is
thereby made to press forcibly on one of the sides of the screw nut. As the stem
of the bolt is square in cross section and the hole in the washer is also square no
rotation of the washer upon the screw bolt can take place and hence the secure
locking of the screw nut by the lip part of the washer is effected.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings represents in section, a screw bolt
applied to fastening or bolting of the parts of a railway or other carriage the
screw nut of the said bolt being locked by a lock washer constructed according to
our invention; Figure 2 represents the same before the lip of the lock washer is

page_text: bent down upon the screw nut and Figure 3 represents in front elevation and edge
view the lock washer represented in Figure 2 detached.
a is the screw bolt, the stem of which is square in cross section the said square
stem having a screw thread formed upon its angles as represented; b is the screw
nut and c is the lock washer having a square hole d in it near its middle of a size
suitable for taking upon the square stem of the bolt a; e is the lip of the lock
washer. The screw bolt a having been passed through the parts h, h to be bolted
together the unbent washer c, d, e Figure 3 is passed by a sliding motion onto the
projecting screwed end of the bolt and up to the surface of the part h. The
screw nut b is next screwed home against the washer in the manner represented
in Figures 1 and 2. The lip e of the washer is finally bent at right angles to the
other part of the washer so as to press it forcibly upon one of the sides of the
screw nut b as represented in Figure 1. The screw nut b is thus locked very
securely on the screwed stem of the bolt as no rotation of the washer upon the
bolt can take place in consequence of the bolt being square and the hole in the
washer square. If necessary at any time to unfasten the screw nut the lip of the
lock washer is bent back into its original position and the said lock washer is
uninjured thereby.
•
Instead of making the hole in the washer c square it may have the figure
represented in Figure 4 or the hexagonal (or other angular) figure represented in
Figure 5 and the lip part e may have the form represented in Figures 4 and 5 and
the bolt may have a triangular or other angular figure in cross section instead of
being square. Or the stem of the bolt and the hole in the washer may be of such
other shapes that the washer cannot turn on the bolt.
Figures 6 and 7 represent elevations taken at right angles to one another of our.
improvements applied to the fastening of a bicycle or other hub to the spindle of
the same and Figure 8 represents in end elevation, and Figure 9 in side elevation
the same before the lip of the washer is bent down.
a is the screwed end of the spindle square in cross section and 7 is the hub; bis
the screw nut and c is the washer and e the lip part which is bent upon the side
of the screw nut in the manner illustrated in Figures 6 and 7 to prevent the
rotation of the screw nut upon the screw bolt.
Although for illustration we have only represented our improvements as applied
to the bolting together of the parts of a railway carriage and to a bicycle or
tricycle hub, yet we wish it to be understood that our improvements may be
applied to all purposes where screw nuts are required to be locked or prevented
from turning on the screw bolts to which they are applied.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that
we claim as our invention of "Improvements in screw bolts and in lock washers
for the screw nuts of the said screw bolts "
The combination of a screw bolt having a stem square or angular in cross
section with a lipped lock washer having a square or angular hole in it for taking
upon the square or angular stem of the bolt; or the combination of a screw bolt
and lipped lock washer the stem of the bolt and the hole in the washer being of
such other shapes that the washer cannot turn upon the bolt substantially as herein
before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.