Improvements in the Bessemer or Thomas Process for the Treatment of Low Qualities of Crude Iron.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 18th June, 1896
Complete Specification Left, 13th Mar., 1897-Accepted, 1st May, 1897
Improvements in the Bessemer or Thomas Process for the
Treatment of Low Qualities of Crude Iron.
I, LEOPOLD PSZCZOLKA of Gleiwitz, Germany, Smelting Works Director,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a process for treating or refining in the Bessemer or
Thomas converter or the like the cheaper grey or white kinds of crude iron or
those kinds which hitherto it has not been practicable to transform into steel
or blooms by means of the usual air refining process.
The process of the invention consists in blowing heated compressed air upon
or laterally into the crude iron bath. The current of air meeting the bath
releases the dross and direct oxidation of the metal is brought about by the
same. The heated air required in the performance of the process may be obtained
from a Cowper blast furnace apparatus, the pressure usual in blast furnace
working being sufficient for the purpose, or the air may be heated by smaller
beaters or regenerators to the desired temperature. The apparatus used in the
process may be either an acid or basic converter, a fixed Bessemer furnace, or a
hearth of any suitable cross section or a fire proof chamber arched over or open
at top and fixed or movable. The nozzles or tuyers for delivering the air to the
bath may be of any suitable cross section and made of any sufficiently fire proof
material or of metal.
Dated this 18th day of June 1896
CAPITAINE & VON HERTLING,
89 Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in the Bessemer or Thomas Process for the
Treatment of Low Qualities of Crude Iron.
I, LEOPOLD PSZCZOLKA lately of Gleiwitz, Germany, but now of Krompach,
Upper Hungary, Smelting Works Director, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The attempts hitherto made for treating or refining in the Bessemer or Thomas
converter or the like, the cheaper grey bisected or also white crude iron poor in
silicium or phosphorous, have failed owing to the impossibility of obtaining in the
iron bath, the requisite heat for the performance of the process. The substitution
of the hot for the cold blast for refining or treating in the converters proved
unsuccessful. The blowing in of substances containing carbon was likewise
unsuccessful. In this kind of refining it is still necessary to employ special kind<
of crude iron and to leave the unsuitable kinds or cheap iron for treatment by the

page_text: Martin process, in which latter however, if it be desired to obtain five or six
charges daily it is advisable to use pieces or scrap and as this is not always con-
venient much work is carried on by the crude iron process which is not invariably
suitable, and the extra expense entailed by reason of having to extract a portion
of the iron out of the added ores, hammer slag, or the like is not always covered.
According to this invention the cheap kinds of crude iron poor in silicium or
phosphorous are treated or refined by blowing compressed and heated air upon, or
laterally into, the crude iron bath, and in this way the evils attending the aforesaid
earlier attempts are overcome. The bath being met or acted upon by the air blast
is denuded from place to place of the slag forming in it and exposed to direct
oxidation by the hot air.
The heated air required in the performance of the process may be obtained from
a Cowper blast furnace apparatus, the pressure now usual in blast furnace working
also being sufficient for the purpose, or the air may be heated by suitably arranged
smaller air heaters, or by regenerators lined with fire proof material.
The apparatus employed in the process may be either an acid or a basic
converter, a stationary Bessemer furnace or a hearth of any suitable cross section
or a chamber lined fireproof, arched over or open at top, and either fixed or
movable.
The nozzles or tuyeres for delivering the air to the bath may be of any suitable
cross section and made of any sufficiently fire proof material or metal.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
A process for treating or refining those kinds of crude iron which it is not
practicable by the usual air blast process to transform into steel or iron in fusion,
said process consisting in blowing through nozzles or tuyeres, heated air upon or
laterally into fluid crude iron contained in an apparatus such as a converter,
a stationary Bessemer furnace, a hearth of any suitable cross section or a chamber
lined fire proof, substantially as described.
Dated this 19th day of March 1907
CAPITAINE & VON HERTLING,
89 Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.