Improvements in Pens for Drawing or Stippling.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Sept., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 8th July, 1892--Accepted, 10th Sept., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pens for Drawing or Stippling.
I, JOHN PHILLIPS, Engineer, of 166 Walworth Road, in the County of London,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the pens employed by lithographic or other artists for
drawing and stippling, and it enables the artist to obtain a grained drawing which
may be printed or reproduced by lithographic or other processes.
.
The invention consists of a stylus or needle to which is imparted two distinct
movements: a rotary movement, and an up and down or reciprocating movement.
The stylus is enclosed in a case or handle by which the pen is held and directed by
the artist, and it contains an ink or flowing pigment of any suitable kind. In the
reciprocating movement, therefore, the stylus carries with it a small portion of ink,
in its downward passage, which is deposited upon the stone or paper employed to
receive the drawing. The pen is used by the artist in a similar manner to that of
a pencil, and it produces lines, curves, or shading by means of fine dots.
The needle is enclosed within a sharply pointed removeable end piece at the
bottom, and it is attached to the case in any convenient manner. When more ink
is required, it is taken off the case to admit ink to the space between the inside of
the latter and the stylus; and the end piece may be adjustable in relation to the
point of the needle.
The stylus is continued upward through the top of the case, and is adapted to be
attached to and driven by a flexible shaft which imparts the rotary movement
before mentioned. At the top of the case is fitted a cain shaped flange or shoulder
to form a roller path for two small rollers carried by a small crosshead secured to
the stylus shaft. There are two raised portions on the cam face forming gradual
inclined planes in the direction of rotation with sudden depressions, and these are
placed diametrically opposite each other. The rollers upon the stylus are also
oppositely placed, so that during a single rotation of the stylus shaft the rollers are
raised and fall twice in following the contour of the cam face or roller path, and
the rollers are kept up to the cam face by a spiral spring acting against the cross-
head. A frame or guard encloses the crosshead, rollers and other parts at the
upper part of the pen, and I may use a device for lifting the rollers clear of their
path upon the cam face when required, thus throwing the reciprocating motion out
of action; the rotary motion only being maintained.
The pen may be driven by a treadle motion, or by an electro motor, or other
suitable means as may be found convenient.
Dated this 12th day of September 1891.
FAIRFAX & WETTER,
433, Strand, London, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pens for Drawing or Stippling.
I, JOHN PHILLIPS, Engineer, of 166 Walworth Road, in the County of London,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement
This invention relates to pens used by lithographic and other artists for drawing
and stippling, and it has for its object, to facilitate the production of grained

page_text: For this purpose, I employ a stylus or needle, to which two distinct motions are
imparted by suitable mechanism, namely a rotary motion on its axis and a recipro-
cating or up and down motion along the same. The said stylus or needle is enclosed
in a suitable holder, which is guided over the surface of the paper or stone by hand,
and which also contains an ink receptacle.
In the following description, reference will be made to the accompanying
drawings, of which
.
Fig. 1 is a general view showing the position of a pen, when in use, together
with a flexible driving shaft, an electro motor and an adjustable stand.
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of a pen on a larger scale.
Figs. 3 to 11 represent details of construction.
A is the needle secured at its upper end in a needle bar B, which is guided in a
sleeve C attached to a central spindle D.
The ends of the sleeve C fit exactly upon the needle bar, but the middle part is
wider and provided with a pair of slots, in order to introduce a compensating or
buffer spring E, which rests with its lower end upon a pin & driven diametrically
into the needle bar, while the upper end of the spring abuts against the interior of
the sleeve C.
Consequently, the up and down motion of the spindle D and sleeve C is first
transmitted to the spring E and through the latter upon the pin band upon the
needle bar B, but the rotary motion of the sleeve is imparted to the needle bar
directly through the pin 6 (which comes into contact with the side or face of the
slot).
The needle bar B, sleeve C, and the lowest part of the spindle D are enclosed in
a casing made of three principal parts, namely, the ink receptacle F, shown
separately in Fig. 9, the middle tube G, (Fig. 7) and the upper tube H. This
tube, shown separately by Fig. 6 is fitted with a bush serving as an upper or
intermediate guide for the spindle D. The tubes G and H are connected by a
tightly fitting external sleeve J (Fig. 11), which may be fixed to one of them.
The upper tube is screwed into a headpiece or top plate I, (shown separately by
Figs. 3 and 4) which forms an annular path for a pair of rollers K mounted on a
cross-head I. which is fixed to the spindle D. The upper face of the top plate I
forming the roller path, is not level, but provided with 2 gradually inclined
planes, and with sudden depressions placed diametrically opposite each other.
Consequently, if the rollers are supported by the roller path, or kept in contact
with it by a spring, they rise and fall twice during each revolution of the spindle D,
in travelling over the said path.
For keeping the rollers in contact with their path, (that is with the annular cam
face of the top plate 1) I employ a helical spring M placed in the upper tube H, so
that the upper end of the spring presses against the top of the tube H, while the
lower end rests on a collar d fixed to the spindle D by a set screw.
The upper part of the ink receptacle F is connected with the lower end of the
tube G by a screw-joint, secured by a nut N, so that it can be quickly detached
and again screwed on, when required, while the lower part is gradually reduced or
narrowed, like a pencil. The lower end of the ink receptacle F has a narrow axial
orifice, which is cylindrical, so as to fit closely upon the needle, as shown in detail
by Fig. 9.
In the lowest position of the needle, the latter projects slightly below the point
of the receptacle F; at every upmotion, the point of the needle recedes into the
receptacle, until it has arrived slightly above the cylindrical orifice, so that the ink
will just moisten the point of the needle. During its subsequent downmotion, the
needle will therefore push a very minute quantity of ink down through the orifice,
and carry it upon the surface of the stone or paper which is to receive the drawing,
and as the pen receives, in addition to its downmotion, also a rotary motion, the
dot produced by it will be round and uniform. When the supply of ink is
exhausted, the ink receptacle is screwed off, filled with ink and again screwed on to
the tube G.

page_text: To prevent the needle from making holes into the paper or stone, I employ the
compensating spring E mentioned above, which allows the needle and needle bar to
recede, when the pressure exceeds the desired limit. As the ink in the receptacle F
will adhere to the needle bar more or less, I close the lower end of the tube G by a
leather ring g, which fits exactly upon the needle bar and thereby prevents the
latter from carrying the ink up into the tube G.
The maximun stroke of the needle is determined by the vertical height of the
cams on the top plate I, or by the depressions of the roller path.
If it is desired, to shorten the stroke, the casing F, G, H, is lengthened, by
screwing the upper tube more or less out of the top piece I, and then fixing it in
position by the nut N. For this purpose, the upper end of the tube H is connected
with the top piece I by a screw thread, while the lower end forms with the tube G
a butt joint.
If the casing is lengthened as described, the needle will reach the paper or stone,
before the friction rollers have come into contact with the lowest parts of the cam
faces, and any further down motion of the said rollers will only serve to compress
the compensating spring.
The crosshead L is fixed upon the central or driving spindle, so as to impart to
the latter its up and down motion, while receiving from the central spindle its
rotary motion.
Rotary motion is imparted to the central spindle D from the top in any
convenient manner, preferably by means of a flexible shaft O and an electro
motor P, as indicated by the drawing.
The construction of the motor and of the flexible shaft, and the means of coupling
the same with the mechanism of the pen may be similar to those used in the case of
dental drills, and are not claimed as part of my invention.
As shown by Fig. 2, the rollers K are protected by a casing X, which serves as
a guide for the upper end of the drawing spindle D, and which is coupled with a
short tubular casing Y by a screw joint. The casing Y in its turn is coupled to
the lower end of a short flexible pipe Z (shown by Fig. 1), connected at its upper
end to the stationary part or protecting tube of the flexible shaft. The core of the
said shaft is a helically coiled wire connected at the upper end with the armature
shaft of the electro motor and at the lower end with a spindle W (Fig. 2) which is
coupled to the upper end of the driving spindle D by a screw joint w.
The motor P is mounted on a bedplate Q, which carries a bearing for the
armature shaft and is fixed upon a cylindrical bar 9. The latter is supported by a
vertical post S by means of a double sleeve R and an adjustable collar T. The
horizontal part of the sleeve R receives the sliding bar q, which can be secured in
the desired position by means of a set screw, while the vertical part of R fits on the
cylindrical post S and is supported at the desired height by the adjustable collar T
provided with a set screw.
s is an arm fixed to the top of the post S and serving to support the flexible
shaft O by means of a string or wire s¹.
U represents a lithographic stone, and V the table, which supports the said stone
as well as the post S.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A drawing or stippling pen comprising in its construction a needle and
needle bar, a holder and ink receptacle adapted to guide the said needle bar and to
supply the needle with ink, and mechanism for imparting to the needle bar a rotary
motion around its axis, as well as a to-and-fro motion along the same, substantially
as described.
2. In a drawing or stippling pen having a reciprocating needle and needle bar
guided in a holder, the combination of the needle bar and holder, with a simul-
taneously revolving and reciprocating driving spindle adapted to transmit its rotary

page_text: motion upon the needle bar, and a buffer spring interposed between the needle bar
and the driving spindle, said spring being adapted to transmit the axial motion of
the driving spindle upon the needle bar, until the pressure on the point of the
needle exceeds a given limit, substantially as described.
3. In a drawing or stippling pen having a reciprocating needle and needle bar
guided in a holder, the combination of an annular cam face or roller path formed on
the holder, with a continuously revolving driving spindle connected with the needle
bar, a crosshead fixed on the said driving spindle and carrying a pair of friction
rollers adapted to run on the said cam face, and a spring adapted to keep the
friction rollers in contact, substantially as described.
4. In a drawing or stippling pen having a reciprocating needle and needle bar
guided in a tubular holder, the combination of an extensible holder provided with
an annular cam face, with a revolving driving spindle adapted to set in motion the
needle bar, a crosshead fixed on the driving spindle and carrying a pair of friction
rollers adapted to run on the said cam face, and a spring adapted to press the said
rollers against the cam face, substantially as described.
5. In a drawing or stippling pen having a reciprocating needle and needle bar
guided by a holder, the combination of the needle bar, with a driving spindle
receiving a rotary and a reciprocating motion, a coupling sleeve and a compensating
or buffer spring interposed between the needle bar and the driving spindle, the said
parts being arranged and adapted to operate substantially as described.
1000
JOHN PHILLIPS,
By Fairfax & Wetter,
433, Strand, London, Agents.
JOHN PHILLIPS,
By Fairfax & Wetter,
433, Strand, London, Agents.