IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFAC- TURE OF ICE AND IN MACHINERY THEREFOR."
Year: 1879

page_text: "
LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John Haddan, of the Firm of Herbert and
Company, Solicitors of Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster,
Civil Engineer, for the Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFAC-
TURE OF ICE AND IN MACHINERY THEREFOR." A communication from abroad
by Oscar Kronff. of Nordhausen, in the Empire of Germany.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Herbert John Haddan at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th July 1879.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ICE AND IN MACHINERY THEREFOR." A com-
munication from abroad by Oscar Kropff, of Nordhausen, in the Empire of
Germany.
The improvements are specially designed for producing ice in ships or vehicles,
but are also applicable to other purposes. The manufacture or process being divided
into two principal parts or stages which correspond to as many principal parts of
the machine, viz., 1, an evaporator and combiner; and 2, a condenser and ice
generator. The process consists in heating with steam an aqueous solution of
ammonia contained in a vessel, and in condensing the evaporated ammonia gases in
a second vessel by cooling with water, after which water is conducted into the first
vessel instead of steam, so that the pressure produced by the latter ceases, and the
liquid in the vessel containing but little gas is cooled, in consequence of which the
previously escaped gases are again united with the liquid, an evaporation of the
condensed gases taking place in the second vessel, and consequently a refrigeration.
If some water has been carried over with the vapours into the second vessel the
latter, which can be turned on the upper end of the inlet-pipe, is lifted sufficiently
to cause the water to flow back before the beginning of a new operation. The
machine is constructed so as to prevent its stoppage by the vibration of the ships
or vehicles upon which it may be used.

page_text: -SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
-by-the-said-Herbert John Haddan in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
-30th-December-1879.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
" IMPROVE-
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the-City-of-Westminster, Civil Engineer.
A com-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ICE AND IN MACHINERY THEREFOR."-
munication from abroad by Oscar Kropff, of Nordhausen, in the Empire of
Germany.
The improvements are specially designed for producing ice in ships or other
vehicles, but are also applicable to other purposes. The manufacture or process
being divided into two principal parts or stages which correspond to as many
principal parts of the machine, viz., 1, an evaporator and combiner; and 2, a con-
denser and ice generator. The process consists in heating with steam an aqueous
solution of ammonia contained in a vessel, and in condensing the evaporated ammonia
gases in a second vessel by cooling with water, after which water is conducted to
the first vessel instead of steam, so that the liquid in the vessel containing but little
gas is cooled, in consequence of which the previously escaped gases are again united
with the liquid, an evaporation of the condensed gases taking place in the second
vessel and consequently a refrigeration. If some water has been carried over with
the vapors into the second vessel, the latter, which can be turned on the upper end
of the inlet pipe, is lifted sufficiently to cause the water to flow back bofore
the beginning of a new operation. The machine is constructed so as to prevent
its stoppage by the vibration of the ships or vessels upon which it may be
used.
In the accompanying Drawing which shows an apparatus embodying the Inven-
tion is a, the ammonia vessel or evaporator; b, a steam jacket; c, the ice generator,
and d a sheet metal casing.
The vessel a contains an aqueous solution of ammonia which is heated by steam-
entering at 1.
The ammoniacal gases which are set free escape through the valve 2 and stop
cock 3 into the ice generator c, where they are cooled and condensed by water
admitted through the tube 4, the heated water being subsequently let off
at 5.
When all (or nearly all) gases have been carried over to c and condensed, which
may be recognized by means of a thermometer suspended at 6, the supply of
steam is stopped and cooling water admitted at 7. The latter ascends or winds
itself up between the helical surfaces in the steam jacket, thereby cooling the
ammonia vessel as well as the liquid-contained therein, which has little or no gas
left in it.
By the refrigeration the said liquid regains its power of absorption and tends to
re-absorb the gases which it first gave off.
The condensed gases in c will therefore again evaporate and unite with the
liquid contained in a.
The evaporation taking place in c is accompanied by an absorption of heat,
whereby the water contained in the metallic jacket and in the inner cylinder of the
vessel c freezes.
The vessel c, as well as the sheet metal casing d are supported by the bracket or
plate e.
For removing the ice the supply of cooling water at 7 is stopped and a small
quantity of steam admitted through 1, whereby the vessel c is somewhat warmed
and the ice loosened. The plate e is now turned aside and the casing & removed
when the ice will be found in the latter and can be taken off.
Before repeating the process of ice making the vessel c is turned upward through
an angle of about 90°, so that any fluid remained therein flows back into the boiler

page_text: hrough the stop cock 3. The gases formed in the vessel c.thus pass through cock
and valve 8 into the lower part of the boiler, where they unite again with the
quid therein, which contains little or no gas. The water of condensation is let off
arough 9 and the warmed cooling water through 10.
When used on a ship the whole machine is firmly attached to the floor by screws
r equivalent means in order to prevent its being upset by the rolling or pitching
r irregular motion of the vessel."