CERTAIN IMPROVE
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Francesco Capeccioni, of 16, Castle Street,
Holborn, (City,) London, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
M
Scaled the 5th November 1858, and dated the 6th May 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Francesco Capec-
cioni at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 6th May 1858.
1, FRANCESCO CAPECCIONI, of 16, Castle Street, Holborn, (City,)
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES" to be as
follows:-
Into tallow melted, but not boiling, put seven thousandths of acetate
of lead, and agitate the mixture to assist the fusion. After a few
minutes interval diminish the heat to a degree sufficient to keep the
tallow in a liquid state. In this mixture put fifteen thousandths
of powdered incense, and five thousandths of essence of turpentine.
Preserve the same temperature till the acetate be dissolved, and the
insoluble portion of the incense be precipitated.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Francesco Capeccioni in the Great Seal Patent
Office, on the 5th November 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
FRANCESCO CAPECCIONI, of No. 16, Castle Street, Holborn, (City,)
London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date .the Sixth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the six-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Francesco Capeccioni, Her special
license that I, the said Francesco Capeccioni, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Francesco Capeccioni,
my executors, administrators; and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and the Isle of Man, an Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES," upon
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Francesco Capeccioni, by
an instrument in writing under niy hand and seal, should particu-
larly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
the
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Francesco Capeccioni, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement (that is to say):
In the melted tallow (but not while boiling) I put seven

page_text: thousandth parts of acetate of lead, and then stir up the mixture to
facilitate the incorporation of the salt with the tallow. After some
minutes I lessen the heat, but it must still be sufficient to keep the
tallow in a liquid state; after which, fifteen thousandth parts of pul-
verized incense must be thrown into the mixture, and one thousandth
I preserve the same degree of temperature
till the salt be completely dissolved, and the insoluble portions of the
incense precipitated, which generally is accomplished in a couple of
hours.
of spirits of turpentine.
The acetate of lead gives to the tallow a degree of hardness superior
to that of ordinary tallow; the incense with its soluble part contributes
also its increase in hardness, and gives it a sweet smell. The turpen-
tine modifying the perfume of the incense makes it very similar to that
of wax. The incense and spirits of turpentine give a great brilliancy
to the flame.
This process affords the following advantages:-First, the candles do
not gutter. Secondly, they have not the disagreeable smell of tallow.
Thirdly, they are harder than those of ordinary tallow. Fourthly, they
are more lasting than ordinary tallow candles; in fact, they last as long
as stearine candles.
The substances above mentioned, as being used in my process, may
be employed in varied quantities, according to the hardness or smell
wished to be attained. I sometimes substitute for the acetate of lead
oxydes or metallic salts, called astringent or drying salts, which always
impart a considerable hardness.
Rosins or resinous gums may also be used instead of incense;
however, I deem the first-mentioned substances (acetate of lead and
incense) preferable. It is true that resinous or gummo-resinous
substances have been before employed in the manufacture of candles.
but they were previously prepared; they have not been employed and
combined in their natural state with tallow for making candles. For
economy, litharge may be substituted for acetate of lead in the pro-
portion of sixteen thousandth's to a thousand parts of tallow. However,
when the tallow is thoroughly melted I add eight thousandth's of
acetate of lead, dissolved in hot water, taking care to pour but a small

page_text: quantity at a time in the tallow. The mass of tallow should be stirred
with a wooden agitator, so as to combine it well with the litharge.
I will here observe, that I do not limit myself to the exact quantities
here indicated, though I claim them as being preferable to other
proportions. Ordinary wicks may be used. or the same as those
employed for stearine candles.
I claim the application of the substances herein mentioned, and in
the manner herein described. to the manufacture of candles.
In witness whereof, I, the said Francesco Capeccioni, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Second day of November, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
three.
FRANCESCO CAPECCIONT. (L.S.)
FRANCESCO CAPECCIONT. (L.S.)