IMPROVEMENTS IN VARNISHES AND IN COMPOSITIONS FOR COATING SHIPS' BOTTOMS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Maximilian Zingler, of 19, Buckland Crescent,
Belsize Park, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VARNISHES AND IN COMPOSITIONS FOR COATING SHIPS'
BOTTOMS."
Sealed the 5th March 1875, and dated the 30th October 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Maximilian Zingler at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 30th October 1874.
I, MAXIMILIAN ZINGLER, of 19, Buckland Crescent, Belsize Park; in
5 the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said.
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VARNISHES AND IN COMPOSITIONS FOR Coating ·
SHIPS' BOTTOMS," to be as follows:-
.
This Invention has for its object improvements in varnishes and in
compositions for coating ships' bottoms.

page_text: In the Specification of a former Patent granted to me, dated the 9th
day of April, 1874, No. 1239, I have described improvements in the
production of varnishes from copal and other hard gums. Since filing
the Complete Specification to the said Patent I have discovered that
varnishes made in the manner therein described are improved by the
addition of cupione for the purpose of coating ships' bottoms. I employ
two solutions; the first consists of diluted creosote and chloride of lime
or calcium; the second of methylated spirit, benzol, and eupione, in
which gums are dissolved, and to which also crystallised boracic acid
and oleaginous matter may be added. The solutions are applied
separately with a brush to the surface to be coated.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Maximilian Zingler in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 30th April 1875...
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MAXIMILIAN.
ZINGLER, of 19, Buckland Crescent, Belsize Park, in the County of
Middlesex, send greeting.
:
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirticth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-eighth
year of Her reigu, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Maximilian Zingler, Her special license that
I, the said Maximilian Zingler, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Maximilian Zingler, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
VARNISHES AND IN COMPOSITIONS FOR COATING SHIPS' BOTTOMS," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said Maximilian Zingler, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or,

page_text: one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
'be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Maximilian Zingler, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
1
This Invention has for its object improvements in varnishes and in
compositions for coating ships' bottoms.
In the Specification of a former Patent granted to me, dated the 9th
day of April, 1874, No. 1289, I have described improvements in the
production of varnishes from copal and other hard gums. Since filing
the Complete Specification to the said Patent I have discovered that
varnishes made in the manner therein described are improved by tho
addition of eupion.
I proceed as follows:- To every 100 lbs. of gum, whether powdered or
divided in small picces, I add the same quantity (or more or less,
according to the consistency of the required varnish) of the compound
liquid as described, and I put the mixture into a closed vessel in which
the stirrer is provided worked by some mechanical power in order to work
the gum with the said liquid. The harder.kinds of gum, such as Angola,
gum animi, and Sierra Leone, I prefer to reduce to a fine powder beforo
bringing them into contact with the compound.liquid.
In the case of the harder gums I prefer also to add a small quantity,
say, from 10 to 15 per cent., of tetrachloride of carbon before bringing
them into contact with the solvent. When the gum is thoroughly
dissolved I place the solution in an open vessel and let the liquid
evaporate either by air or slow heat until I obtain a thick pasty like
gum which resembles a thick clastic paste. This gum paste I put again
into the vessel with the stirrer, into which I pour eupion; to every
100 lbs. of gum paste I add from 100 to 300 lbs. of cupion or more,
according to the consistency of the varnish required.
When the gum
paste is entirely dissolved I pour it into another vessel or closed tank and

page_text: let it stand for a few days until it becomes clear, the dirt having settled
to the bottom. The varnish is then finished, and oan at once be used.
I add if required in order to enhance the spreading a small quantity of
oleaginous matter, such as linseed oil or castor oil.
Before using the ordinary commercial cupion I redistil the same,
adding a small quantity of alkali, say from 3 to 5 per cent. of either soda
or potass; I prefer to use bicarbonate of soda. The distilled eupion I
use for the varnishes, the residuc for coating of ships' bottoms, as herein.
after described. I mix these varnishes with dyeing materials when a
colored varnish is required.
For the purpose of coating ships' bottoms I employ two solutions,
The first solution consists of creosote and chloride of lime; to 100 gallons
of water I put from 15 to 20 per cent. of creosote and from 15 to 25 per
cent. of chloride of lime; these are mixed together. The second solution
consists of the above described cupion copal varnish, but I prefer for
cheapness to use in making varnishes for this purpose the residue of
the distilled eupion, as mentioned above, or the crude cupion.
I proceed as follows:-For wood I first paint with solution No. I.
when dry, and then I give several coatings of solution No. II. On metal
I first apply solution No. II. and then No. I., and so apply the two
solutions alternately several times.
. The varnish prepared and employed as above described is cheaper,
better, and more durable than any varnish hitherto made, and is the
best preservative of wood and metal; it will not be affected either by
moisture, cold, or heat for the following reasons:-
First. That the gums I employ are not deteriorated by heat they not
having been fused nor acted on by any acid.
Second. I do not use any of the usual driers which accelerate the
oxidation of gums and also attack metals.
Third. Nor do I use any of the drying oils which likewise oxidise and
are affected by the atmosphere if too dry or too cold.
'
What I claim is, the use of cupion in the manufacture of varnish in.
the manner substantially as described.
:

page_text: I also claim the manufacture and use of compositions for coating
ships' bottoms substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Maximilian Zingler, have hereunto
set my hand and scal, this Twenty-sixth day of April, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.