Improvements in and relating to Veneer-barrels.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Aug., 1894-Accepted, 29th Sept., 1834
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Veneer-barrels.
I, CARL WITTKOWSKY, of 11, Horn Strasse, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of
Prussia, German Empire, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention refers to barrels, the mantle of which consists of a veneer or
veneers. My improvements in barrels of that sort relate, first, to the construction
and manner of fastening, of the hoops; and, second, to the construction, and
manner of fastening, of the bottoms, as is hereinafter more fully described. The
purpose of my improvements is to produce a barrel, all parts of which, i.e. the
mantle as well as the bottoms and hoops, consist of veneers, and which combines
low weight with great resistibility, or strength.
In carrying my invention into practice. I first form the mantle of the barrel in
known manner by uniting two or more veneers by means of a suitable glue,
preferably a waterproof one. I do not make a point of uniting the several veneers
in a special state, i.e. in straight or curved state, or of arranging them in a special
mauner with regard to the direction of their grains, as the bending or curving of
the two three or more-ply veneer-plate is to be effected not automatically, or
spontaneously respectively, but by outer force i.e. by a special device. Concerning
the arrangement of the vencers to each other, with regard to their grains, I prefer,
however, to combine them so that the grains of the outer veneer run around the
mantle, or perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the barrel respectively, whilst
the grains of all the other veneers run parallel to said axis. I have shown this
arrangement in all the figures of the accompanying drawing, in which a is the outer
veneer, and a' a' are the two inner ones. This arrangement, however, is old, and I
wish it to be understood, that my improvements may be applied even if but one
veneer is employed for forming the mantle, as already indicated in the first sentence
of the foregoing paragraph.
Said two or three veneers after being united, are connected at their opposite
edges by the same sort of glue used for connecting the several veneers with each
other. In order to obtain a more secure joint at said edge, I prefer to enlarge the
surfaces of junction by cutting those edges obliquely, as shown at b in Fig. 2.
The waterproof glue before mentioned consists of caseine, lime and water-glass.
and possesses the peculiar property of becoming liquid when exposed to heat, and
becoming again dry, and at the same time waterproof, if the parts covered with
that glue are exposed to pressure. Owing to this property, the glue after being
brushed upon the respective surfaces is allowed to become dry on the latter before
the veneers are placed one upon the other. The union of the several veneers with
each other, and that of the opposite edges of the vencer-plate, is executed by means
of suitable presses, the cheeks of which are hollow, and adapted to be heated by
hot air or the like.
In order to bend the veneer-plate into cylindrical shape, I place said plate upon
a core of suitable size, and I then press the plate around the core, and onto the
surface of the same, by means of iron tension-straps c, Fig. 3. Said straps are
reduced in width at one end (c') and are provided at the other end with a slut
adapted to let pass said reduced end c' after the strap is laid around the core, or
around the veneer-plate covering the core respectively. Each end of the strap is
|provided with an ear c², by means of which the strap may be connected with any

page_text: suitable stretching-device adapted to contract the strap and to press thereby the
edges, or the surfaces of junction respectively, firmly against each other.
A
The union of the opposite edges has up to now been secured against bursting
open by means of a strip of veneer cemented upon the outer side of the seam.
far better protection, however, may be attained by providing the barrel with two
or more, preferably, at least three, hoops also consisting of veneers, and united with
the mantle, as well as at their own opposite edges. The hoops shown in Fig.
are two-ply (but may be one-, three- or even more ply, according to the size of the
barrel, and the resistibility desired for the same) and are, for their own protection,
surrounded by an iron-hoop d'. The veneer-straps intended to form a hoop are
firmly connected with each other before being put on the mantle, just as above
described with regard to the veneers of the mantle itself. For bringing said veneer-
straps into shape, and securing (gluing) them to the mantle, I employ also the
stretching-straps (c) above mentioned; and in fact, I prefer to bend the veneer-
plates for the mantle together with the veneer-straps for the hoops, i.e. I prefer to
execute both those stages in one operation. The heating, pressing, and uniting of
the several edges is then also performed in one operation. In this case, the joints
of the hoops will lie directly above, or very near to, the joint of the mantle.
said two stages are executed in two distinct operations, I prefer to let the joints lie
on diametrically opposite sides.
If
The glue by which the hoops are fixed to the mantle need not indispensably be a
waterproof one, but may be ordinary liquid glue. This glue need not become dry
beforehand, nor need it be dry when the mantle is leaving the press, as the tension
of the hoops, or the pressure exerted by them upon the mantle, is maintained by
the firm connection of the edges, or the surfaces of junction respectively. These
surfaces, as well as those of the mantle-joint, are in any case united by means of a
waterproof glue.
Although I prefer to employ the sort of waterproof glue above described, which
is dried before the surfaces coated with it are put one upon the other, and becomes
waterproof by the subsequent application of pressure and heat, I wish it to be
understood, that instead thereof I may employ a liquid waterproof glue, that is
used in the liquid state for the junction. If a waterproof glue of this latter kind is
employed, the joint or joints of the mantle, as well as of the hoops are to be kept
under pressure (by means of the straps c) until the adjacent edges of the several
seams are firmly united. There is caused thereby however, a great loss of time;
this is obviated by the use of the dried waterproof glue before described.
The respective edges of the hoops are cut obliquid in the same manner as those
of the mantle.
The strengthening afforded by the veneer-hoops may be maintained for a long
time by protecting said hoops themselves by means of special outer iron-hoops d',
Figs. 1 & 2. These iron hoops are bent together with the veneer-hoops by means
of the stretching-straps c, and are thereafter closed by screws, rivets or the like.
"If employing the said iron hoops, I use stretching-straps which are provided with
two holes near the slot before mentioned, and two other holes in the reduced
portion near the commencement of the same. Through said holes I introduce a
drill for boring holes into the respective portions of the iron-hoop. These holes
are used for the closing of the hoop.
Having thus finished the mantle in all its parts, 1 manufacture the bottoms e
(Fig. 1) by uniting two or more veneers with each other, pressing them together
into concave shape, and cutting the plate obtained thereby into circular shape, as
shown. Owing to their concave shape, the strength and resistibility of the bottoms
is greatly increased. Part of the edge of each bottom is cut away so as to form a
flange.
The seats for the bottoms are formed by cutting away parts of the rims of the
two inner veneers, so that the bottom-nanges may rest on the edges of those
reduced veneers (as shewn at Fig. 1). The bottoms are firmly secured in place by
double-flanged iron-rings of Z-like section, one flange of which takes over the edge

page_text: of the outer, non-reduced veneer, whilst the other flange rests upon the outer rim
of the respective bottom. Said rings may be fastened themselves by screws, rivets
or nails.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. The method of strengthening veneer-barrels, consisting in bending a veneer-
strap or straps around the mantle of the barrel, and securing the veneer-hoop thus
formed to the mantle by a cementing medium, substantially and for the purpose
described.
2. The method of strengthening veneer-barrels, consisting in bending a veneer-
strap or veneer-straps around the mantle of the barrel, and closing the hoop thus
formed, and simultaneously securing it to the mantle, by a cementing-medium,
substantially and for the purpose described.
3. The method of strengthening veneer-barrels, consisting in bending a veneer-
strap or veneer-straps around the mantle of the barrel, and closing the veneer-hoop
thus formed, and simultaneously securing it to the mantle, by a cementing-medium,
said veneer-hoops being strengthened themselves by iron-hoops encircling them,
substantially and for the purpose described.
4. The method of manufacturing veneer-cylinders with strengthening veneer-
hoops, consisting in bending a veneer-strap or veneer-straps together with the
mantle-veneers around a core, pressing the veneer-hoops onto the mantle, and the
latter onto the core, by means of special stretching-straps, and uniting the opposite
edges of the mantle as well as of the hoops by a waterproof cementing medium,
substantially and for the purpose described.
5. The method of manufacturing veneer-cylinders with strengthening-veneer-
hoops, consisting in uniting two or more mantle-veneers, and two or more hoop-
veeners, by means of a waterproof glue, bending the hoop-veneers together with
the mantle-veneers around a core, pressing the veneer-hoops onto the mantle, and
the latter onto the core by special stretching-straps, and uniting the opposite
edges of the mantle as well as of the hoops by waterproof glue by exposing the
joints to pressure and heat, substantially and for the purpose described.
6. In veneer-barrel, the combination with the mantle consisting of a veneer or
veneers, of outer strengthening hoops, also consisting of a
substantially and for the purpose described.
veneer or veneers,
7. In a veneer-barrel, the combination with the mantle consisting of a veneer or
reneers, of outer strengthening hoops, also consisting of a veneer or veneers, said
hoops being encircled by iron-hoops, substantially and for the purpose described.
8. In a veneer-barrel, the combination with the mantle, consisting of a veneer
or veneers, of bottoms also consisting of veneers, substantially and for the purpose
described.
9. In a veneer-barrel, the combination with the mantle, consisting of a veneer
or veneers, of bottoms also consisting of veneers, said bottoms being held in place
by double-flanged rings or inner hoops, substantially and for the purpose
described.
10. In a veneer-barrel, the combination with the mantle, consisting of a veneer
or veneers, of outer strengthening hoops also consisting of veneers, and of bottoms
likewise consisting of veneers, said hoops being encircled by iron-hoops, said
bottoms being held in place by double-flanged rings or inner hoops, substantially
and for the purpose described.
11. In a veneer-barrel, the combination with the mantle, consisting of veneers,
of bottoms also consisting of a veneer or veneers, said bottoms being provided
each with a flange adapted to rest on a seat provided within the mantle by cutting
off part of the rims of the inner veneers, said bottoms being held in place by
double-flanged rings or inner hoops, one flange of which is resting on said bottom,

page_text: the other upon the edge of the outer mantle-veneer, substantially and for the purpose
described.
12. As a means for pressing the hoop-veneers unto the mantle, or mantle-veneers
respectively, a stretching-hoop being at one end reduced in breadth, and having at
the other end a slot adapted to let pass said reduced end, substantially and for the a
purpose described.
.
Ր
1001
CARL WITTKOWSKY,
By Geo. Thos. Hyde,
1, Broad Street Buildings, Liverpool Street, London, E.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.