THE WORKING OR MAKING A MANUFACTURE, BEING A MACHINE OR MACHINES FOR RE- MOVING THE INCONVENIENCE OF SMOKE OR GASES GENERATED IN STOVES, FURNACES, OR FIRE-PLACES, BY THE IGNITION OR COMBUSTION OF COALS OR OTHER INFLAMMABLE SUBSTANCES, AND IN CERTAIN CASES FOR DIRECTING THE HEAT AND APPLYING SUCH SMOKE OR GASES TO VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1818

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALEXANDER
GALLOWAY, of Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Third,
did, by His Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Fourth day
of May, in the fifty-eighth year of His reign, give and grant unto Sir
Thomas Cochrane, Knight, commonly called Lord Cochrane, and me the said
Alexander Galloway, our executors, administrators, and assigns, His especial
licence, full power, sole privilege & authority, that we, the said Sir Thomas
Cochrane, commonly called Lord Cochrane, & Alexander Galloway, our
exors, adors, & assigns, during the term of years therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, our Invention of "THE
WORKING OR MAKING A MANUFACTURE, BEING A MACHINE OR MACHINES FOR RE-
MOVING THE INCONVENIENCE OF SMOKE OR GASES GENERATED IN STOVES, FURNACES,
OR FIRE-PLACES, BY THE IGNITION OR COMBUSTION OF COALS OR OTHER INFLAMMABLE
SUBSTANCES, AND IN CERTAIN CASES FOR DIRECTING THE HEAT AND APPLYING
SUCH SMOKE OR GASES TO VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES," within England, Wales,
and Berwick upon Tweed, in such manner as to us the said Sir Thomas
Cochrane, commonly called Lord Cochrane, and Alexander Galloway, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should, in our discretion, sceni
meet; in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that if we, the
said Sir Thomas Cochrane, commonly called Lord Cochrane, and Alexander

page_text: Galloway, or one of us, should not particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the
hand and seal of one of us, and cause the same to be inrolled in His said Ma-
jesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent, that then the said Lettters
Patent and all liberties and advantages whatsoever thereby granted, should
utterly cease, determine, and become yoid, as in and by the said 'recited Letters
Patent, relation being thereunto had, may more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, T, the said
Alexander Galloway, do hereby declare that the nature of our said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described
and ascertained in manner following (that is to say) :-
Our said Invention consists of making and forming a machine or machines
for the heating of boilers; and may be denominated inproved air-tight stoves,
furnaces, or fire-places, into which coals or other combustible and inflammable
substances shall be used to generate and convey heat by the ignition and
combustion of coal or other fit substance, and which air-tight stoves, furnaces,
or fire-places must be composed and formed of any suitable materials, and;
with means which will permit the entrance and prevent the escape of any
atmospheric air or gas into or from such stove, furnace, or fire-place, but at
the situation or situations formed for the introduction and exit of such air or gas,
by means of pumps, valves, or other suitable machinery, which shall be capable;
of supplying any such stove, furnace, or fire-place with any required quantity
of atmospheric air to keep up the ignition of any fuel or combustible substance,
and at the same time to force out of any such stove, furnace, or fire-place any
smoke or gas so generated against any required resistance or pressure. Our
Invention is of a three-fold character. The first part of it is for removing the
inconvenience of smoke or gases generated in stoves, furnaces, or fire-places
by, the ignition or combustion of coals, or other inflammable substances; the
second part is in certain cases for directing the heat so generated; and the
third part is for applying such smoke or gases to various useful purposes here-
after to be explained. These said branches or parts of our Invention may be
applied collectively, or so much of them as may be required, under a great variety
of modifications which will be familiar to any competent workman constructing.
such works. Figs 1 and 2 are views of machines for forming air-tight stoves,
furnaces, or fire-places for heating boilers for generating steam with the appa-
ratus for blowing in compressed air into the fire-place, and for condensing and
dissipating, and thereby removing the inconvenience and annoyance of smoke

page_text: and gases generated in any air-tight stove, furnace, or fire-place, but without
applying such smoke or gas to any useful object, and which are applicable to any
land situation, but of such dimensions and modifications as may best suit the par-
ticular convenience of the employment and place to which they are to be applied.
A, A, A, A, shew an air-tight horizontal and vertical stove, furnace, or fire-place,
with its flues, to heat a boiler for generating steam, or for such other purposes
to which it may be found convenient to apply the action of heat. B is the
pipe thro' which a supply of atmospheric air is conveyed by means of a pump
or pumps, or other instrument for forcing air into the fire-place, to keep up
the combustion of any fuel previously ignited; in the pipe B is contained
a metal valve which shuts against its seat by the pressure of the smoke from
the fire, and opens by the force of the atmospheric air conveyed from
the pump or other proper instrument employed to blow in the air; the
pipe B may either discharge its supplies of air by being introduced under
or upon the ignited fuel of the horizontal fire, or be conveyed into any
convenient part of the vertical fire-place; or if more than one pump is.
employed for this purpose, then the air may be blown into both fires at
once, as circumstances may point out. C is the plate or valve by which
the smoke, gas, and heated air are compressed, according to the pressure
placed on such plate or valve, cither by any weight or fluid, or by any
other known means of producing any required resistance. The opening or
rising from its seat of the valve or plate C, allows the escape of the
smoke, gas, and heated air, when the inflammable parts of the smoke shall
have been subjected to any required degree of exhaustion, according to the
resistance made to their escape. The reservoir or vessel D, D, receives and
incloses the end of the pipe which forms the scat of the valve C, and is made
to contain the required quantity of water that shall be sufficient to perform
the double object of confining the smoke until it is deprived by the action of
the fire of any required quantity of its combustible properties, and in its exit
and passage through the water it is cleansed of some of its mucilaginous
properties, and in such a purified state it may either be collected for any
useful object or it may be allowed to escape into the atmosphere without
creating the inconvenience or annoyance generally experienced from the exit.
of foul smoke from any ordinary chimney, particularly from those chimnies
employed for the use of steam engines. E, E, are the iron doors to shut off
the fire and the ash-pit G, G. F, F, is the metal chamber which incloses the
fire doors E, E, and the ash-pit G. G, and which must be made perfectly
air-tight when its cover I, I, is shut into its mouth H, H; this mouth or
curved.orifice in the chamber F, F, furnishes, when it is open, an introduction

page_text: to the doors of the fire and the ash-pit; I, I, the spherical cover must be fitted
and ground correctly air-tight into the mouth of the chamber F, F, and which
is kept in that state by the pressure of the screw J, and by which means the
atmospheric air is prevented entering into the fire or the ash-pit through
the doors E, E; the smoke, gas, or heated air, are equally secured from
escaping through the doors of the fire and ash-pit. K, K, is the iron bridge,
which swings on its pivots, and which is connected to the chamber F, F, and
into which the screw J works by its lever L, and by a few turns of which
screw the cover I, I, is admitted to move out of the way of the orifice or mouth
of chamber, and thereby gives a free entrance into it when required. M, M,
are metal tubes, and of sufficient length to prevent the action of the fire from
injuring the strong glass or glasses that are to be fixed in them for viewing
the fire, and of such a diameter as will afford a general survey of the fire;
these tubes, with their glasses, must be made air-tight and fixed securely in
the spherical cover I, I, opposite the apertures made in the fire doors to view
the fire. N, N, is an iron rake with a shifting handle, and a roller or feet
placed at the bottom to prevent the teeth of rake from falling intirely out of
the fire-bars, although it is desireable that they should be as low as possible,
and it is necessary when this rake is not in use that it should be kept in the
recess made for it in the ash-pit at d, and which is introduced into the ash-pit
for distributing the fire and for cleaning the bars on which the fire is placed,
and which rake moves in a ball and socket stuffing box O, inserted in the
cover I, I by this means-the-fire-is-raked-without opening the cover I, I, and
without sustaining any loss of the compressed air with which the fire and ash-
pit is supplied. P, P, is a metallic magazine placed on the top of the vertical
fire, and surrounded with a case or reservoir for holding of water to keep the
magazine from becoming too warm, and from which the boiler may be
supplied with warm water as fast as the reservoir is fed with cold water, and
which magazine P, P, may be made to contain any required supply of unignited
fuel, and which magazine must be made air-tight in all its parts. Q is the frame
or mouth of magazine, through which the fuel is to be conveyed into the
interior of it. R is the air-tight cover or plate, which by the pressure of the
Screw S working through the swinging bridge T, forces down the cover R.
Near the bottom of the magazine P, P, is placed a valve or door V, with an
axle through or across its centre, after the manner of a throatle valve of a
steam engine, as respects the axle of the valve or door; one half of which
valve or door will rest when closed on the lower part of the seat W, W, while
the other half of the valve or door rests on the upper part of the seat. The
form of the valve scat, as shown at W, W, will be found to be very con-

page_text: venient, as, by its angular shape, no coals or other fuel will lay upon it to
obstruct the shutting of the valve or door V, which is performed by the motion
of the handle X, see Figure 2. The object of this valve or door is not only to
shut off the unignited fuel from the vertical fire, but to allow the magazine P, P,
to be replenished with fuel as often as required, without permitting any considerable
escape of smoke, gas, or heated air; and when the cover R is closed or shut,
then the valve V may be opened whenever the fire shall require any additional
supply of fuel, and when it is so opened the cover R must completely prevent
the escape of any smoke, gas, or heated air through the magazine P, P. Y is a
chimney of any required height, issuing from the top of the boiler, and in con-
nexion with the fluc, with its cover Z, Z, its screw e, the bridge f in which the
screw works, and the lever g by which it is moved.. This chimney may be used
for carrying off the smoke when the fire is first lighted, and when the
valve or cover I, I, is opened to admit freely and copiously the atmospheric air
under the fire; wlien the stove, furnace, or fire-place of the boiler is so used,
then it is a fire on the common principle, and when used in that state, it fornis
no part of our Invention, but when the covers and valves I, I, and Z, Z, with
either the cover R or the valve V, are shut by any sufficient machinery, and.
rendered air-tight in those parts, and a full supply of atmospheric air forced
into the fire at the place or places assigned for its entrance, then such a change
and combination in the machinery puts this part of the principle of our Inven-
tion in full force. A fire-place and its apparatus thus arranged will produce
not only a saving of fuel by extracting a greater quantity of combustible
material froin the fuel, but will direct the heat to the object of its application
more effectually than hitherto done, and will at the same time remove the
inconvenience and annoyance sustained from the issue of large quantities of
foul smoke, as at present experienced from ordinary fires and chimnics cm-
ployed for the heating of boilers. The letters in the foregoing Figures 1 and 2
are made to represent and correspond with each other in the description of
similar parts as far as they extend. Figure 3 shews a view of a boiler,
flues, &c., similar to the boiler, flues, &c. shewn in Figure 1, but fitted to a ship
or vessel, and from which the smoke, gas, and heated air are permitted to
escape for dissipation through the side of such ship or vessel into the water at
such a depth from the surface as may be necessary. The smoke pipe or hori-
zontal chimney B leading from the boiler A contains the valve C, which opens
by the pressure of the smoke, and is shut by that of the water. The pipe or
chimney B is surrounded, and the valve C guarded, by the metal case or pipe
D, D, which connects to the boiler, and is made water-tight and of such

page_text: dimensions as shall contain a sufficient quantity of water to keep the case or
pipe D, D, so cool as not to injure the timber of the vessel with which it comes
immediately in contact. The pressure on the valve C is regulated by its area and
the height of the external column of water bearing on the valve, and according
to which pressure must be the force of the compressed atmospheric air necessary
to feed the fire in which the smoke is generated. Fig. 4 will illustrate not only
the third part of our Invention, namely, that of applying the smoke and gases
issuing from one of our air-tight fire-places, but it will also exhibit the two
first parts of it, by forming a combined view of the whole, besides shewing
many combinations which are no part of our Invention, but which are common
and necessary to give them effect, and shewing the operation of each as applied
to the working of steam boilers on board ship, and the application of such
smoke and gases resulting from the use of such air-tight fire-places to assist
the steam engine machinery employed for the propelling of any such vessel
through the water. Figure 4 represents a perspective view of a blowing pump,
a steam-engine boiler with air-tight fire-places, and apparatus to be placed on
board ship, with a paddle wheel to be worked either in the interior or exterior
of a vessel, and an air-tight reservoir or case for inclosing that part of the
paddle wheel. The principal object of this Figure 4 is not to lay claim to
those parts or combinations of machines except what has been explained or is
to be explained as our Invention, but to afford the means of describing that
part of our Invention more effectually. which relates to the mode of applying
the smoke and gases generated in our improved air-tight stoves, furnaces; or
fire-places to certain useful purposes, which are to assist the propelling of a
vessel by such smoke and gases, by forcing down the water that will rise in
such paddle wheel, reservoir, or case, (according to the ship's draught of water,
low enough to relieve such paddle wheel from the obstruction of such a body
of water, and which desireable object of propelling a vessel by internal paddles
has been to a small extent accomplished by means of pumping directly into
the paddle reservoirs atmospheric air to force and keep down the water, but
the great labor of supplying such reservoirs with air, owing to the great dissi-
pation of such air by the rotation of the paddle wheels in the direction of their
motions, have hitherto, among other causes, rendered that project unsuccessful,
but which our Invention is intended to obviate and remove. The great and
easy supply of smoke and gases issuing from our air-tight stoves, furnaces, or
fire-places, when properly connected with these paddle reservoirs will be
sufficient, not only to force and keep down any body of water that may by any
pressure be invited into such paddle wheel, reservoir, or case, or the well or

page_text: opening in the bottom of sucli vessel, but will amply provide for any loss or
dissipation of the sinoke or gases that may necessarily or unnecessarily take
place by the rotation of any paddle wheel in its motion through the water.
besides supplying the loss and dissipation that may be created by the passage:
and motion of the vessel through the water. It is obvious that the atmo-
spheric air pumped, forced, or conveyed into a fire-place to keep on and
promote the ignition of any fuel will become rarefied, and thereby considerably
increased in its bulk, together with the smoke and gases generated by the
combustion of any fuel, will form a considerable column and supply of gases
to be used for forcing and keeping down the water in such paddle wheel,
reservoir, or case, with a small degree of power or labor compared to what
would be necessary to feed such reservoir or case with an adequate supply of
ordinary atmospheric air. Figure 4, A, represents a blowing pump; B, the
pipe through which the air is forced into the fire-place; G, the boiler, which
contains the air-tight fire-place and apparatus; D, the pipe; and E, the valve
through which the smoke and gases are conveyed into the paddle wheel, reser-
voir, or case, when such smoke and gases shall be so compressed as to be able
to lift the valve E, and the pressure of the water upon it. While the smoko
and gases are thus usefully applied, any superabundant quantity generated -in
the air-tight fire-place will be deposited and dispersed in the water after they
have performed their duty or useful purposes in the paddle wheel, reservoir, or
case, without the inconvenience or annoyance occasioned by the issue of foul
smoke, as from common chimnies. Figure 5 is a section of a paddle wheel,
with its reservoir or case and a tunnel, which may either extend round the
reservoir or case, or may be placed in the interior of the reservoir near the
extremity, and extending from side to side; this tunnel will be found to be a
very convenient assistant to enable the smoke and gases to keep down the back
water, and give a free communication to the smoke and gases from side to side
of the paddle case. The abstract parts, or the combinations of machinery by
which we construct our air-tight stoves, furnaces, or fire-places, we do not claim
but as they are necessary as means to effect the objects of our Invention; these
objects may also be effected and produced by other abstract parts and combi-
natious of machinery not explained or described either in this Specification or
in the Drawings annexed, but yet such alterations may be made embracing the
principles of our Invention that may be a different modification of them, and
yet be substantially in their effects and principles our Invention, which is for
the Working or Making a Manufacture, being a Machine or Machines for Re-
moving the Inconvenience of Smoke or Gases Generated in Stoves, Furnaces, or