IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO PLANING AND PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Kershaw and John Kershaw, junior, of the City of
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, Tool and Machine Makers,
for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO PLANING AND
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Kershaw and John
Kershaw, jr., at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th
October 1880.
JOHN KERSHAW and JOHN KERSHAW, junior, of the City of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineers, Tool and Machine Makers. IMPROVEMENTS IN
OR APPLICABLE TO PLANING AND SHAPING MACHINES, AND TOOLS OF LIKE
CHARACTER."
Ordinary planing and shaping machines only cut in one direction, but planing
machines have been designed and used to cut in both directions; our Invention
has the latter object, and relates to and consists in improved arrangements and
combinations with planing, shaping, and other machines of like character, to make
such machines double acting, that is, so that the tool will cut in both directions of
the reciprocation. On the slide usually employed in the machines referred to for
carrying the tool holder or box, we mount a tool holder so as to be capable of
oscillation on a shaft or on trunnions in the plane in which the cut is made.
Upon the opposite sides of this tool holder we arrange clamps by which one or
more cutting tools are or may be secured and adjusted on each side. The cutting
edges of the tools are so arranged that when the tool box or holder is oscillated,
until it comes against a stop in one direction, the cutter or cutters on one side will
be in the proper position for cutting one way, and when the tool holder is oscillated
against the stop in the opposite direction, the other cutter or cutters on the other
side are brought into position, and are ready to act to cut in the opposite direction.
These cutting tools can be readily adjusted, one to cut deeper than the other, or
one to "rough," and the other to finish, or they may be set one in advance of the
other laterally when the "feed" is lateral to give cuts in succession side by side.
CD G33

page_text: When the tool holder has been oscillated, there is or may be a bevel ended or
cone pointed spring bolt in the carrier of the tool holder, which will enter a hole in
a projection from it, and help to bring and retain the holder against its stop; or
any other suitable arrangement may be employed to effect this object. The tool
box or holder is oscillated by levers, shafts, and rods, which are acted upon by stops
or other means at each end of the reciprocation of the table of planing, and of the
slide of shaping machines.
In the stop or part giving the oscillating movement to the tool holder, or in the
connections between it and the tool holder," frictional play" or "elasticity "is or may
be arranged, so that a longer movement is given than is necessary for all positions of
the tool holder, and this frictional play or elasticity will then give way when the
tool holder arrives against its stop.
The oscillation of the tool holder is or may be produced from the same oscillating
mechanism used for giving the feed movements to the slides after each cut if
desired.
In double acting machines the "feed" is or may be required to take place at each
end of the reciprocation, and we connect one lever and pawl actuated by the
ordinary feed lover with another, so that both will be oscillated together, but
arranged so that the wheels they act upon are geared together by two carrier
wheels, and thus which ever way the levers oscillate, the feeding screw is turned in
the same direction.
In place of the last described arrangement two feeding levers with pawls are or
may be arranged loose on the screw shaft to act upon one broad toothed wheel;
these lovers being connected or geared with the oscillating shaft, so as to simulta-
neously move in opposite directions, and thus one and then the other lever with its
pawl will alternately "feed" in the same direction, as one oscillation is produced
when the table or slide has moved to one end of its reciprocation, and the reverso
oscillation at the other end of the reciprocation.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Kershaw and John Kershaw, jr., in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 21st April 1881.
JOHN KERSHAW and JOHN KERSHAW, junior, of the City of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineers, Tool and Machine Makers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OR APPLICABLE TO PLANING AND SHAPING MACHINES AND TOOLS OF LIKE
CHARACTER."
Ordinary planing and shaping machines only cut in one direction, but planing
machines have been designed and used to cut in both directions; our Invention
has the latter object, and relates to and consists in improved arrangements and
combinations with planing, shaping, and other machines of like character to make
such machines double acting, that is, so that the tool will cut in both directions of
the reciprocation.
On the slide usually employed in the machines referred to for carrying the tool
holder or box, we mount a tool holder so as to be capable of oscillation on a shaft
or on trunnions in the plane in which the cut is made.
Upon the opposite sides of this tool holder we arrange clamps by which one or
more cutting tools are or may be secured and adjusted ou each side.
The cutting edges of the tools are so arranged, that when the tool box or holder
is oscillated until it comes against a stop in one direction, the cutter or cutters on
one side will be in the proper position for cutting one way, and when the tool
holder is oscillated against the stop in the opposite direction, tho other cutter or
cutters on the other side are brought into position, and are ready to act to cut in
the opposite direction.
These cutting tools can be readily adjusted one to cut deeper than the other, or
one to rough and the other to finish, or they may be set one in advance of the other
laterally when the feed is lateral to give cuts in succession side by side.
When the tool holder has been oscillated, there is or may be a bevel ended or
cone pointed spring bolt in the carrier of the tool holder, which will enter a hole in
a projection from it, and help to bring and retain the holder against its stop; or
any other suitable arrangement may be employed to effect this object.
The tool box or holder is oscillated by levers, shafts, and rods, which are acted
upon by stops or other means at each end of the reciprocation of the table of
planing, and of the slide or arm of shaping machines.
In the stop or part giving the oscillating movement to the tool holder, or in the
connections between it and the tool holder, frictional play or elasticity is or may
be arranged so that a longer movement is given than is necessary for all positions
of the tool holder, and this frictional play or elasticity will then give way when the
tool holder arrives against its stop.
The oscillation of the tool holder is or may be produced from the same oscillating
mechanism used for giving the feed movements to the slides after each cut if
desired.
In double acting machines the "feed" is or may be required to take place at
each end of the reciprocation, and we connect one lever and pawl actuated by the
ordinary feed lever with another, so that both will be oscillated together, but
arranged so that the wheels they act upon are geared together by two carrier
wheels, and thus which ever way the levers oscillate, the feeding screw is turned in
the same direction.
In place of the last described arrangement two feeding levers with pawls are or
may be arranged loose on the screw shaft to act upon one broad toothed wheel,
these levers being connected or geared with the oscillating shaft so as to simul-
taneously move in opposite directions, and thus one and then the other lever with
its pawl will alternately feed in the same direction, as one oscillation is produced
when the table or slide has moved to one end of its reciprocation, and the reverse
oscillation at the other end of the reciprocation.

page_text: Fig. 1 is a front elevation, and Fig. 2 is an end elevation, showing so much of
an ordinary planing machine, with our improvements attached, as will be necessary
for explaining part of our Invention; Fig. 3 is a front elevation, and Fig. 4 an
end elevation of parts of an ordinary, planing machine with our improvements
applied, these Figures illustrating another modification of our Invention.
Fig. 5 is a plan, and Fig. 6 an end elevation, illustrating the application of our
Invention to a side planing machine.
Fig. 7 is an elevation illustrating the application of our Invention to a vertical
or wall planing machine.
Fig. 8 is a side or end elevation, illustrating our Invention as applied to a shaping
machine. a (Figs. 1 and 2) is part of the ordinary cross slideway of a planing
machine; b, the slide; e, the down slide-way; e¹, the down slide; f, the bracket
secured on the slide e¹.
b', screw for the cross slide; 63, shaft for the vertical feed; d is a lever
oscillated in the ordinary manner for giving feed motion to the screw by a rod d³,
arın 63, and catches, and for oscillating the cross shaft g by a rod g' and
arm g³.
The parts above referred to by letters and figures are used in ordinary planing
machines, but some of them are arranged, used, and combined with other parts, as
bereinafter explained, in carrying out our Invention.
The bracket (f) has bearings for a shaft or trunnions f¹ to carry the oscillating
tool box carrier or holder f2, which (as shown) is formed with dove-tail slots
across its front face for the heads of holders (f), in which the cutting tool or
tools f' is or are secured by set screws.
These dove-tail slots permit of ordinary tools f* or holders for cutters being
adjusted laterally, and so as to project for depth of cut more or less as required.
The tool or carrier (2) (as shown) is formed with a slot in it for the back or
inside tool or cutter (f), which is secured by set screws f³, but it may be made
with dove-tail slots across its face as for the tool or tools in front of the holder ƒ³,
if desired.
On one end of the axis or trunnion f1 of the tool box f¹ there is an arm ƒ³
secured, which is jointed with an arm g³ on the cross shaft g by a connecting
rod g, with a swivel connection at each end and a compensating link go about
the middle to allow for the varying position of the lever f³ in relation to the
shaft g.
The arm 93 slides upon the shaft g, being connected with it by a key and key
groove, and the boss of the lever or arm is held in or slided by a bracket b+
secured to the slide-way b.
There is a joint at f* in the arm f³ to allow the down slide to be placed at an
angle for angle planing, and when required the parts f³, g³, g, and b' may be
changed to the other side of the down slide e¹, both ends of the shaft f¹ being
prepared to receive the lever f³.
From the upper part of the tool box or carrier f³, on one or both sides of it,
there is a projection fo, which plays between the notch formed in each of the upper
edges of the bracket f to limit the extent of the oscillation in the tool box or carrier,
and these projections are bevelled on the underside to come against the bevelled
end of a vertically sliding bolt f7 pressed upwards by a spring, each of these bolts ƒ'
(one on each side) sliding in a hole in the bracket f
The springs and bevelled ended bolts (7) act to retain and hold the tool or
carrier box f when oscillated, and to complete its movement in one direction when
not oscillated to the fullest extent by the compensating connecting rod g
The arm g² is loose on the shaft g, and is secured by a pin g to a disc fast on
the shaft g, so that by withdrawing this pin the tool carrier f³ is or may be left
stationary for cutting in one direction only.
The wheel 65 is fast and the wheel b is loose on the shaft b'.
The wheel b is fast and the wheel 68 loose on the screw shaft b³.
There are levers and 6º arranged upon each shaft b' and b², each lever carriyng

page_text: two pawls or catches acting either way, such as are of ordinary arrangement and
construction for feeding purposes.
The two levers 63 and 6º are connected by the bent rod 610, so as to oscillate
together.
When the pawl acts upon the wheel b the wheel 67 and shaft 2 is driven
one way, but when the pawl is upon the wheel 67 the shaft b' is driven the
reverse way.
The screw shaft b¹ is driven either way in like manner when the wheel 65 or the
wheel 68 is driven by one pawl or the other.
The modification shown by Figs. 3 and 4 is the same as that illustrated by Figs. 1
and 2, except that the tool box or carrier f¹ has its bearings or brackets ƒ secured
directly to the slide b of the cross slide-way (.
The feed for the up and down motion of the slide is given to the cross slide-way a
by screws in the uprights h in the usual manner, the feed pawl arm wheel h' being
upon the cross shaft h².
In this modification a wide tool box or carrier få is shown with several tools
or cutters secured on each side, and there are or may be one or two sets of levers
f and g, and rods g* for giving oscillation to the tool box or carrier, two being
shown in Fig. 3.
Figs. 5 and 6 illustrate the application of our Invention to side planing machines,
in which the slide-way a corresponding to the cross slide-way (a) of ordinary
planing machines is placed in a vertical position, and moves to and fro horizontally
to produce the cut. i are adjustable stops on a rod to reverse the cut, oscillate
the tool carrier, and give the feed.
In this case the feed is by two wheels geared together by two intermediate
carrier wheels, there being for each wheel a pawl lever and pawl. Both levers are
connected to move together and with the arm g on the shaft g by a rod g¹.
Fig. 7 illustrates the application of our Invention to a vertical or wall planing
machine.
In this case the tool box or carrier f³ is oscillated by a bell crank tumbler
lever, one arm of which is acted upon by adjustable stops i on a shaft or rod i',
so as to move the tool box or holder first into one and then into the other
position.
Fig. 8 illustrates the application of our Invention to shaping machines.
a, shaping machine bed; a¹, slide; a³, cross slide or arm carrying the parts to
give the cut.
The tool box or carrier f² is arranged as described in reference to Figs. 1 and 2,
except that the lever arm f³ is jointed directly to the usual sliding rod j for giving
the feed with adjustable collars upon it, as shown.
When the collars come against the upright j, through which the rod j slides, tho
tool box or carrier is oscillated from one position to the other.
The feeding arrangement is the same as that used in ordinary shaping machines,
but is modified, as shown, and is the same as shown in Figs. 5 and 6, by arranging
two wheels to gear by two intermediate carrier wheels, each wheel having a pawl
lever and pawl, both levers being simultaneously oscillated.
When shaping machines have our improvements applied the reciprocations given
to the slide for cutting are at the same velocity in both directions when making
alternate cuts both ways.
The connecting rod g' is or may also be made with a frictional arrangement, or
the rod may be rigid, and the arm or lever is or may be connected with the trunnion
or shaft by frictional discs screwed together with an elastic washer between the
screw and the discs.
In either case a little more movement is given to the rod or lever than is
required when the ends of the levers f³ and g³ are in their nearest positions, and
the frictional arrangement will give way when the projection fº comes against
either side of the notch.
The tool box ƒ³ is or may be oscillated when cutting only one way, as when

page_text: cutting both ways by removing or adjusting the cutter, which is not intended to
operate so as to be clear of the work.
With our improvements in planing machines we prefer to combine gearing for
driving the machine so arranged that it can be readily changed by throwing in and
out of gear, so as to drive the machine at equal speeds both ways for cutting, or,
as in the ordinary machine, with a slow motion for cutting one way and a quick
rotation.
We are aware that planing machines have been proposed for cutting in both
directions by special formed double cutters, or by two separate cutters back to
back and close together, oscillated by the same tool box or carrier, but there was
no provision by which the cutters could be adjusted upon the tool box or carrier
laterally to the line of the cut, and the arrangement of the tool box or carrier did
not give a satisfactory clearance to the cutters for deep cuts. By our improve-
ments ordinary tools or holders for cutters are or may be employed, and they can be
independently adjusted both laterally and to an angle and for depth of cut, and they
are carried on an angle block (ƒ³) on a shaft, or on trunnions (f') so that they are
secured at an angle to each other, and are separated at some distance apart, so that
when the holder is oscillated to the extent fixed upon each tool has sufficient
clearance for the deepest cuts.
We have now particularly described the nature of our Invention, and the modes!
of carrying it into effect, and claim as our Invention,-
Firstly. The arrangement and construction of the tool box or carrier of planing
machines to oscillate on a shaft or trunnions, so that one or more ordinary or other
tools or cutters or cutter holders may be secured on each side so as to be adjustable
both laterally and for depth of cut, substantially as hereiubefore described and
illustrated by the Drawings.
Secondly. The combination of the spring bevel ended bolts (f') with the pro-
jections (f ) or their equivalents, substantially as herein before described and
illustrated by the Drawings.
Thirdly. The compensating rod (0) or its equivalent or frictional arrangements
for giving the oscillations to the tool box or carrier (f³), substantially as herein-
before described and illustrated by the Drawings.
Fourthly. The arrangement of the pin (9) or a clutch box or its equivalent for
throwing the mechanisin for oscillating the tool box or carrier (f) out of action
when desired, substantially as herein before described and illustrated by the
Drawings.
Fifthly. The combination and arrangement of mechanism for feeding with
planing machines, having our improvements for cutting both ways, as herein before
described and illustrated by the Drawings.
Sixthly. The several combinations and arrangements of mechanism for cutting
both ways in ordinary table, side, or wall planing or shaping machines, and for feeding
and oscillating the tool box or holder, substantially as hereinbefore described and
illustrated by the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Kershaw, junior, on my own behalf and
on behalf of the said John Kershaw, have hereunto set my hand and seal,
thin Thalfth day of Anxil One thousand eight hundred and eighty one