IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AND IN THE MACHINERY FOR PRODUCING BARRELS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Morgan-Brown, Patent Agent, of 38, Southampton
Buildings, Loudon, for au Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF AND IN THE MACHINERY FOR PRODUCING BARRELS," A communication
from abroad by Edward Holmes and Britain Holmes, both of Buffalo, Erie
County, State of New York, United States of America, Manufacturers.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Morgan-Brown at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd December 1880.
WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN, Patent Agent, of 38, Southampton Buildings, London.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AND IN THE MACHINERY FOR
PRODUCING BARRELS." [A communication from abroad by Edward Holmes and
Britain Holmes, both of Buffalo, Eric County, State of New York, United States
of America, Manufacturers.]
These improvements relate to the production of barrels, and particularly to the
means for preparing the staves for use, in setting them up in barrel form, and in
trussing the barrel body to adapt it to receive its heads and permanent hoops.
These improvements embrace a dressing machine for dressing staves upon their
inuer and outer surfaces so as to give them the requisite curved form transversely ;
a machine for jointing or trimming the edges of staves so that they will have
perfect fitting joints when placed side by side or in contact when set up in barrel
form; a windlass for drawing the staves together in the process of securing them
by trussing hoops, and a trussing and leveling machine for evening the ends of the
staves and compressing their adjacent edges together to adapt the barrel body to
receive its permanent heads and hoops.
The first part of these improvements relates to the machine whereby a stave is
dressed upon its upper and under surfaces so as to impart to it the necessary
concave-convex form transversely that adapts it, when a suitable number are set up
and held by hoops in cylindrical shape, to form a barrel body with smooth circular
exterior and interior surfaces.
This machine is provided with a peculiar feeding mechanism whereby the staves
are prevented from twisting where they are forced through the cutting mechanism,

page_text: with a peculiar structure of the supporting bed whereby the thick parts of the
stave may be cut off without canting or turning the stave, and with a peculiar
structure of a work holding weight whereby the stave is sustained against the
forward feeding action of the cutters, and at the same time is supported in position
to be properly dressed, which weight is also constructed to operate as a guide
directing the shavings..
The slab of wood in its undressed condition, as when riven or sawed from a
block of timber, requires 'several operations to be performed upon it before it is
suited for use as one of the staves forming part of a tight barrel. Thus it must
be shaped so as to have a concave inner surface and a convex outer surface, it must
have its edge jointed or shaped so that the adjacent edges of two staves will fit
together and form a proper joint between them, and it must be bent longitudinally
to impart the bow shape at the bilge.
These preliminary operations are essential before staves are formed that are in
proper condition to be assembled in making "tight work," as barrels and like
vessels for holding liquids are termed.
The cutting or dressing mechanism consists of an under and an upper rotating
cutter.
The under cutter is composed of a triangular head, to the sides of which chizel
shaped cutters having concave cutting edges are adjustably fixed by slots and set
screws, which head is fast upon a transverse shaft provided with a pulley whereby
it may be rotated at an appropriate speed.
The upper cutter is composed of a triangular head, to the sides of which chizel
shaped cutters having convex cutting edges are adjustably fixed by slots and set
screws, which head is fast upon a transverse shaft also provided with a pulley by
which it may be rotated at an appropriate speed.
Box frames support upon a cross plate connecting them, a lower rest block which
has a concave face transversely suited to receive the finished part of the stave,
and they also carry downwardly inclined and forwardly projecting guide blocks.
The box frames support a lever like work holding a weight that is pivoted by
arms at its rear end, and has its fore end overhanging a work supporting table,
which weight has a tapered face that provides a bearing rib that presses upon the
centre of the stave only, the downward movement of which weight is limited by
adjusting screws that bear upon the box frames. Said box frames also support at
their rear ends upon a cross plate connecting them an upper rest block, which has
a convex surface transversely suited to receive the upper surface of the finished
part of the stave. The rest block is adjustable to and from another rest block by
means of a carrier that may slide up and down in guide slots in a plate, and be
secured in any position thereon by holding screws, and this block is also seated
elastically in its said carrier upon rubber cushions that bear between the shoulders
upon the guide and arms of the carrier.
These box frames are further provided with depending upwardly inclined and
forwardly projecting guide blocks which bear upon the upper surfaces of wedge-
like adjusting blocks, the lower surfaces of which rest upon other guide blocks.
By these means the following independent adjustments may be accomplished:-
The position of the cutter head and its cutters with respect to the work
supporting table and stave rest block may be accomplished.
The position of the stave rest block with respect to the stave rest block may
likewise be suited to the position of the cutter head.
The stave feeding mechanism consists of a serrated or toothed dog that projects
forward from a longitudinally reciprocating carriage, and is wide enough and
properly curved to engage the entire end of the stave width-wise, so that when it
is engaged with a stave resting upon a central ribbed portion of the bed, and
pressed thereon by the central rib of a weight, such stave will be securely held,
and so as not to twist or cant as it is moved forward to and operated upon by the
cutters.
The carriage has a number of lateral arms by which it is guided in longitudinal

page_text: grooves formed in the side frames, the forward movement of which is accomplished
by means of a rack carried on its under side in which a driving pinion gears. This
pinion is secured to a sleeve that runs freely upon a shaft that is slowly but
constantly driven by multiplying gear wheels from the main shaft.
The second part of the improvements relate to a jointing machine for producing
these cuts, in which a peculiar construction of the cutting head in which the
cutters are adjustably arranged is made use of, as well as a peculiar stave holding
and presenting mechanism cooperating with said cutting head, and a peculiar
means for operating the stave clamps.
This machine embodies a cutter head or cutter carrying wheel in which a series
of cutters are fixed in angular positions, which head or wheel is rotated by means
of a driving shaft that is journalled in a proper frame to standards which are
supported upon legs or other framework.
The cutter head or wheel is constructed of a central hub which is connected by
spokes to a circular inner rim. An outer rim is connected to this limb by continuing
the spokes or by providing other brace ribs. The space between the rims is covered
by a circular plate, and this portion of the wheel is set forward so as to provide
the outer portion of the wheel through which the cutters protrude with a face that
is concave in its general shape.
This outer portion of the cutter head or wheel is also convex, thus producing a
cutter wheel the general shape of whose face is concave, while the outer or cutter
supporting portion is convex.
The cutters consist of separate chizel edged plates or bits that are also convex in
their outline. Each cutter is so supported in slots in the plate by means of break
irons and bolts, that receive them upon the inclined faces of holding lugs with
which the wheel is provided between the rims, that the convex edges of the series
are disposed in concave form.
These cutters may thus be adjusted to protrude a slight or proper distance
beyond the face of the disc or plate, and as such plate is convex and inclines
outwardly from its outer to its inner edges, it follows that the cutters will stand
longitudinally in a corresponding position.
By giving the wheel in which the cutters are set a general concave form causes
said cutters to produce a curved cut along the edge of the stave, which cut the
convex form given to the edge of each cutter modifies so as to produce the required
straighter cut or curve at the "quarter" of the stave than the concave disposition
of such cutters would alone make.
The convex curvature given to the edges of these cutters is greatest at their
inner ends, and at their outer ends it is comparatively straight, which form enables
the degree of curvature to be accomplished by them to be readily raised by
adjusting the stave to be jointed so that different longitudinal portions of the
cutters perform the cutting, as will presently be further explained.
In front of this cutter wheel and near its lower edge or side is a horizontal bed
or table that is arranged to swing back and forth by means of depending arms,
which are pivotted to brackets.
This table is capable of vertical adjustment by the following means:-The
bodies of its supporting brackets rest upon screw bolts that are tapped in screw
threaded lugs projecting from the legs, the movement of which bolts will raise or
lower the table as may be required. These bolts are provided with jamb nuts,
which, screw against the under faces of the lugs, prevent the jarring action of the
machine from causing the said bolts to turn and thus disturb the adjustment.
The brackets are further provided with side plates that are slotted to receive the
shanks of holding bolts that are tapped into threaded holes in the legs, and thus
act to more securely hold the table in its adjusted positions.
The body plates of these brackets extend upward to form rests which are
engaged by stops with which the rear sides of the depending arms are provided.
To this bed are secured the stave rests upon which the stave to be jointed is
supported. The end rests are adjustable to and from the centre rest, and each is

page_text: provided with a seat that has a curved upper surface conforming to the curved
inner surface of the stave.
To form a barrel body a number of properly shaped staves are assembled in
circular form by setting them up in a truss hoop of suitable dimensions, in which
such a number are placed vertically as with their edges resting snugly together
form a circular body filling such hoop.
Their lower ends being thus held their upper ends flare outwardly to a considerable
degree, and require great power to bring them together so that their edges will
meet and be adapted to receive a second truss hoop, which with the first truss hoop
secures the staves in the form of a barrel body, which may be safely handled in the
further manipulations necessary to finish it.
The third part of these improvements relate to the windlass which operates to
draw the flaring stave ends together to receive the second trussing hoop, the main
features of which are the means for controlling the movements of the windlass
which winds up the tightening rope whereby its movements are regulated, and the
means for slacking said rope and rewinding it from the windlass.
The various mechanisms of the apparatus are supported by a heavy iron table
that rests upon legs.
At about the centre of its front side this table is provided with a curved seat,
in which the flaring ends of the set up staves of the partially formed barrel body
may extend so as to be in a convenient position to have the loop of a tightening
rope placed over them.
This tightening rope, preferably made of wire, the loop of which is temporarily
hung suspended from a hook on a rod rising vertically from the table, has one end
securely secured by a link or links to the base of an end post, and its opposite end
fastened to the end of a drawing chain that is attached to a winding drum or
windless that is fast upon a transverse shaft which is mounted in brackets that rise
from the face of the table at the end opposite to that carrying the post. This
winding drum or windlass carrying shaft is provided at one end with a worm wheel
that runs loosely upon it, which worm wheel is rotated by means of a worm on a
driving shaft that is mounted in longitudinal bearings attached to the frame and
provided with a bell pully that runs loosely and may slide upon said shaft.
The rotary motion of the pully is transmitted to the driving shaft by means of a
friction wheel that is fast upon said shaft, and into frictional contact. with the
conical periphery of which the correspondingly formed inner surface of the rim of
said pully is forced by means of a bell crank shifting lever, one end of which is
joined by a connection rod with the long arm of a lever that is pivoted to a lug
projecting from the table, and has its short arm forced to embrace a collar that fits
in a flanged seat formed for it in the elongated hub of the pulley.
The rotary motion of the worm wheel is transmitted to the shaft and the
windlass by means of a clutch wheel that is splined upon the shaft so as to slide
thereon while rotating with said shaft, the teeth of which clutch wheel engage
with the teeth of a similar wheel projecting from the rear face of the worm
wheel.
The reciprocating movements of the clutch wheel are imparted to it by means
of a lever that is pivoted to a lug projecting from the frame work, the short arm
of which lever is forked to embrace a collar that fits in a seat formed for it in the
hub of the said clutch wheel.
Operation. The mechanisms being in position, and the flaring upper ends of the
staves composing a partially formed barrel body having been placed within the
seat, the attendant takes the looped tightening rope from the hook and places it
over the ends of the flaring staves. Then drawing the shifting lever toward the
centre of the machine forces the rotating pulley into frictional contact with the
frictional wheel, whereupon the shaft is set in motion and rotates the worm, which
through the worm wheel that is clutched to the shaft sets the latter in motion and
rotates the windlass, which is thus turned by a movement of great power and
winds up the chain, which, drawing upon the tightening rope, shortens the bends

page_text: of said rope around the stave ends and thus draws them closely together. This
done the lever is released, which allows the frictional wheel to move outward and
thus suspend the movement of the worm, whereby the windlass ceases to turn. A
truss hoop is then placed over the staves to secure the position they have been
drawn into. A treadle is then depressed by the foot, and it acts through toggles
and lever to withdraw the clutch wheel from engagement with the clutch of the
worm wheel, thus leaving the windlass free to turn with its shaft to unwind the
chain and release the tightening rope from the barrel body.
The fourth part of these improvements relates to a machine by which the staves
of a barrel body are levelled, and the truss hoops are driven at one complete
operation of the mechanisms, the principal features of which are an improved
construction of the levelling and trussing heads and the means for operating the
same, so that by a continuous movement of the mechanisms the stave ends are
evened and the truss hoops driven.
Driving heads each support a centreing cone, a levelling plate, and a series of
body trussing arms. Each head is provided with three bearings, whereby said
heads are guided upon rods as they are moved from and towards each other, which
rods are securely fixed in end frames.
The movements of the driving heads are accomplished simultaneously by suitable
gearing.
As the centering cones are required to fit the barrel ends snugly the barrel body,
after being trussed, requires to be held stationary until the cones are being
withdrawn from it. The means of accomplishing this consists of a double branched
latch, the opposite members of which catch over the body truss hoops as the same
are driven home, and thus hold the barrel body sufficiently to secure it against
endwise movement when the driving heads retire and carry the centering heads
with them.

page_text: ·SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Morgan-Brown in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st
June 1881.
WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN, Patent Agent, of 38, Southampton Buildings, London.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AND IN THE MACHINERY FOR
PRODUCING BARRELS." A communication from abroad by Edward Holmes and
Britain Holmes, both of Buffalo, Erie County, State of New York, United States
of America.
These improvements relate to the production of barrels, and particularly to the
means for preparing the staves for use in setting them up in barrel form, and in
trussing the barrel body to adapt it to receive the head and permanent hoops.
These improvements embrace a dressing machine for dressing staves upon their
inner and outer surface, so as to give them the requisite curved form transversely;
a machine for jointing or trimming the edges of staves, so that they will have
perfect fitting joints when placed side by side or in contact when set up in barrel
form; a windlass for drawing the staves together in the process of securing them
by trussing hoops, and a trussing and leveling machine for evening the ends of the
staves and compressing their adjacent edges together to adapt the barrel body
to receive its permanent heads and hoops.
The first part of the improvements relates to the machine whereby a stave is
dressed upon its upper and under surfaces so as to impart to it the necessary
concave-convex form transversely, that adapts it, when a suitable number are set
up and held by hoops in cylindrical shape, to form a barrel body with smooth
circular exterior and interior surfaces.
This machine is provided with a peculiar feeding mechanism whereby the staves
are prevented from twisting while they are forced through the cutting mechanism,
with a peculiar structure of the supporting bed whereby the thick parts of the
staves may be cut off without canting or turning the stave, and with a peculiar
structure of a work holding weight whereby the stave is sustained against the
forward feeding action of the cutters, and at the same time is supported in position
to be properly dressed, which weight is also constructed to operate as a guide
directing the shavings.
The slab of wood in its undressed condition, as when riven or sawed from a
block of timber, requires several operations to be performed upon it before it is
suited for use as one of the staves forming part of a tight barrel. Thus it must be
shaped so as to have a concave inner surface and a convex outer surface; it must
have its edges jointed or shaped so that the adjacent edges of two staves will fit
together and form a proper joint between them, and it must be bent longitudinally
to impart the bow shape at the bilge.
These preliminary operations are essential before staves are formed that are in
proper condition to be assembled in making tight work, as barrels and like
vessels for holding liquids are termed.
This dressing machine is illustrated on Sheet 1 of the Drawings, in which,―
Figure 1 represents a longitudinal sectional elevation (one end being in action)
of a machine embodying the improvements; Figure 2 shows a plan view of the rear
portion thereof; Figure 3 is a plan view (enlarged) of the front portion of such
machine; Figure 4 is a longitudinal sectional elevation on line a of Figure 3;
Figure 5 is a front end elevation; Figure 6, a rear end elevation; Figure 7, a
cross sectional elevation on the line ȧ of Figures 3 and 4.
The cutting or dressing mechanism consists of an under and an upper rotating
cutter.
The under cutter is composed of a triangular head 20, to the sides of which
chizel shaped cutters 21 being concave cutting edges (see Figure 5) are adjustably

page_text: fixed by slots and set screws, which head is fast upon a transverse shaft 22 that
is journalled in box frames 23, 24, that are secured to brackets 71, 72, that depend
from the end or cross frame 53 of the machine, said shaft 22 being provided with
a pulley 27 whereby it may be rotated at an appropriate speed.
The upper cutter is composed of a triangular head 30, to the sides of which
chizel shaped cutters 31 having convex cutting edges (see Figure 3) are adjustably
fixed by slots and set screws, which head is fast upon a transverse shaft 32 that is
journalled in box frames 25, 26, that are partly supported by vertical shafts 35, 36,
which rise from the box frames 23, 24, and this shaft is also provided with a
pulley 37 by which it may be rotated at an appropriate speed.
The box frames 23, 24, also support upon a cross plate 28 connecting them the
lower rest block 29, which has a concave face transversely suited to receive the
finished part of the stave, and they also carry downwardly inclined and forwardly
projecting guide blocks 3, 4.
The box frames 25, 26, support a lever-like work holding weight 44 that is
pivoted by arms at its rear end, and has its forward end overhanging the work sup-
porting table 45, which weight has a tapered face that provides a bearing rib 11
that presses upon the centre of the staves, only the downward movement of which
weight 44 is limited by adjusting screws 19 that bear upon the box frames. Said
box frames also support at their rear ends upon a cross plate 38 connecting them,
the upper rest block 15, which has a convex surface transversely suited to receive the
upper surface of the finished part of the stave. The rest block 15 is adjustable to
and from the rest block 29 by means of a carrier 16 that may slide up and down
in guide slots in the plate 38 and be secured in any position thereon by holding
screws 17, and this block 15 is also seated elastically in its said carrier upon
rubber cushions 18 that bear between the shoulders upon the guide and arms of the
carrier.
These box frames are further provided with depending upwardly inclined and
forwardly projecting guide blocks 5, 6, which bear upon the upper surfaces of
wedge-like adjusting blocks 7, 8, the lower surfaces of which rest upon the guide
blocks 3, 4.
The blocks 7, 8, are adjustable longitudinally by means of actuating screws 57, 58,
that are tapped through arms rising from the end frame 53 of the machine, and
bear directly upon the rear faces of the said adjusting blocks.
These box frames 23, 24, and cutter head 20, the rest block 29, and the
guide blocks 3, 4, may thus be simultaneously adjusted vertically by means of
adjusting screws 73, 74, that are tapped through the arms of the brackets 71, 72,
and bear against the lower ends of the box frames 23, 24, holding screws 75, 76,
securing the parts in fixed positions of their adjustment.
By these means the following independent adjustments may be accomplished:
The position of the cutter head 20 and its cutters 21 with respect to the work
supporting table 45 and stave rest block 29 may be accomplished.
The relations of the bearing rib 11 and of the weight 44 to the work supporting
table may be varied.
The head 30 and the cutters it carries may be adjusted with respect to the work
supporting table 45 and the stave rest block, and thus the depth of cut it is to make
be determined as well as the thickness of the stave.
The position of the stave rest block 15 with respect to the stave rest block 29
may likewise be suited to the position of the cutter head 30.
By moving the adjusting blocks 7, 8, forward or back by means of the
screws 57, 58, the box frames 25, 26, and the devices they carry may be adjusted
bodily in a vertical direction guided by the shafts 35, 36, thus bringing the
relatively adjusted cutters 31, rest block 15, and weight 44 into such proper
relation to the work supporting devices as is requisite to produce a stave of
predetermined thickness.
The relative positions of the cutter heads 20, 30, their cutters, and the work
resting blocks 15, 29, with respect to each other may be varied to adapt the

page_text: machine to dress a stave to any desired thickness; and as all these parts are
removeable they may be exchanged for others suited to the making of a cut of
different curve suited to the making of various sizes of barrels.
The work supporting table 45 for the undressed strip or rough stave consists of a
bed of a length greater than that of the staves the machine is adapted to operate
upon, which bed is curved so as to present a convex transverse upper surface (see
Figure 5), the central or bearing part of which is ribbed longitudinally, as at 12, so
as to more securely hold the stave.
This table is supported at one end by the end frame 53 and at the other by a
central cross bar 53 that unite the side frames 51, 52, of the machine together, and..
terminates at its front end in a tongue 2 (Figures 3 and 5) that extends so as to
stand just without the path of travel of the lower rotating cutters 21, and thus
constructed it supports the stave along its longitudinal central portion.
The stave feeding mechanism consists of a serrated or toothed dog 46 that
projects forward from a longitudinally reciprocating carriage 47, and is wide enough
and properly curved to engage the entire end of the stave widthwise, so that when
it is engaged with a stave resting upon the central ribbed portion 12 of the bed 45,
and pressed thereon by the central rib 11 of the weight 44, such stave will be
securely held and so as not to twist or cant as it is moved forward to and operated
upon by the cutters.
The carriage 47 has a number of lateral arms 49, 50, by which it is guided in
longitudinal grooves 9 formed in the side frames 51, 52, the forward movement of
which is accomplished by means of a rack 48 carried on its under side, in which a
driving pinion 43 gears. This pinion is secured to a sleeve 39 that runs freely.
upon a shaft 40 that is slowly but constantly driven by the multiplying gear
wheels 67, 68, 69, 70, from the main shaft 40. This pinion is provided on one side
with a ratchet clutch 40 that is adapted to be engaged by a clutch wheel 42, which
is mounted upon the shaft 40 by means of a spline so as to slide on said shaft while
it revolves with it. This clutch wheel 42 is provided with a hub 34 that turns
freely in a band 33, to which the forked end of a shifting lever 59 is attached. This
lever is pivoted to a double armed bell crank 60, one arm of which terminates near
the side frame 52 and projects into the path of the reciprocating carriage 47, while
the arm 62 projects through the side frame 51 and terminates in a hand lever. The
sleeve 39 of the pinion 43 also acts as a winding drum for a chain 63 that runs from
this sleeve or drum under a pulley 64 over a second pulley 65, and has depending
from its end a weight.
The parts all having been adjusted to suit the length of stave to be operated
upon, and the thickness and degree of curvature it is to have when finished, an
undressed stave is introduced into the machine by being laid upon the table 45
with its butt against the dog 46, and its head bearing under the forward end of
the weight 44. The lever 62 is then moved to throw the clutch wheel 42 into
engagement with the clutch 41, whereupon the driving pinion 43 and the winding
sleeve or drum 39 are set in motion.
The pinion 43 thus drives the carriage 47 forward, and slowly feeds the stave
forward under the weight 44, the pressure of which resists the forward movement
of the stave and compels the dog 46 to enter its butt end, in which it secures a
firm hold that sustains the stave from canting or turning while it is pressed forward
upon the table. When the stave is thus pushed forward its end is brought into
position to be engaged by the rotating cutters, the sleeve 39 at the same time
winding up the chain 63 and raising the weight 66. As the cutters operate to
dress the opposite sides of the stave they shape its end to fit between the rest
blocks 15, 29, which receiving it act as guides, aiding to hold it in its exact
relation to the cutting mechanisms to secure a uniformity of cut throughout its
length.
When the carriage has accomplished the extent of its forward feed its front end
comes into contact with the arm 61 of the bell crank 60, and so moves the lever 59
as to separate the clutch wheel 42 from the clutch 41, thus disengaging the driving

page_text: pinion 43 from the rotating shaft, and setting said pinion free, the force of the
weight 66, which has been raised to its highest position, causes the chain 63 to
draw rearward and to carry with it the carriage 47 back to a position to receive
another stave to be dressed, and as the carriage thus moves rearward it draws the
dog 46 out of the stave end, thus allowing the latter to be carried out between the
rest blocks 15, 29. In order to assist the carriage in taking up its rearward
motion when the clutch mechanism is released it is provided about midway with a
lateral spring 78, which having engaged with a stop pin 80 in the side frame as the
carriage moved forward acts by its resiliency to press the carriage rearwardly and
to prevent damage to the carriage, which runs freely backward; it is also provided
at its end with a depending spring 79 that abuts against the rear end frame 54,
and thus acts as a cushion.
As the cutters reduce the stock of the stave in imparting the requisite trans-
versely curved surfaces to its opposite sides the shavings produced by the cutters 21
are deflected to the floor by the inclined end of the table 45, and those produced
by the cutters 31 are directed upwards and discharged rearwardly by the curved
under surface of the rear part of the weight 44, which is thus adapted to act as a
shield 90.
The separate staves that are to be assembled in circular form to constitute a
barrel body require to be dressed so that the adjacent or bearing edges in contact
shall fit or conform with each other, and thus form a proper joint, which in tight
work must be a closely fitting joint; such staves must also be bent to impart to
them a longitudinal curvature which produces the bilge form. The dressing of
their edges must therefore be an angular cut that slightly bevils their edges so
that they will fit together in a circle, and it must also produce a longitudinal cut
that curves from one end to the other of the stave so as to narrow their end
portions while their centres are left wide or projecting, which staves are thus suited
to form a bilged barrel body.
This second part of the improvements relate to a jointing machine for producing
these cuts, in which a peculiar construction of the cutting head, in which the
cutters are adjustably arranged, is made usual of, as well as a peculiar stave holding
and presenting mechanism cooperating with said cutting head, and a peculiar
means for operating the stave clamps.
A machine embodying this part of the improvements is shown in Figure 7 by a
side elevation, in Figure 8 by a front elevation, in Figure 9 by a plan view partly
in section, and in Figure 10 by a vertical central sectional elevation; Figure 11 is
a detail view showing by a horizontal section the mode of attaching the cutter;
Figure 12 is a plan view of one of the cutters detached, and Figure 13 a similar
view of the break iron by which the cutters are secured in place; Figure 14 is a
plan view of a jointed stave.
To enable one to readily comprehend this part of the improvements we will now
explain the structure and operation of a machine containing them.
This machine embodies a cutter head or cutter carrying wheel in which a series
of cutters 12 are fixed in angular positions, which head or wheel is rotated by
means of a driving shaft 30 that is journalled in a proper frame, as the standards
31, 32, which are supported upon legs 33 or other frame work.
The cutter head or wheel is constructed of a central hub 40, which is connected
by spokes 41 to a circular inner rim 42. Another rim 43 is connected to this
hub 40 by continuing the spokes 41, or by providing other brace ribs. The space
between the rims 42 and 43 is covered by a circular plate 44, and this portion of
the wheel is set forward so as to provide the outer portion of the wheel through
which the cutters protrude with a face that is concave in its general shape.
This outer portion of the cutter head or wheellis also convex in form, as is clearly
shown in Figure 4, thus producing a cutter wheel, the general shape of whose face
is concave, while the outer or cutter supporting portion is convex.
.
The cutters 12 consist of separate chisel edged plates or bits that are also convex
in their outline. Each cutter is so supported in slots in the plate 44 by means of

page_text: break irons 14 and bolts that receive them upon the inclined faces of holding
lugs 15 with which the wheel is provided between the rims 42, 43, that the convex
edges of the series are disposed in concave form.
These cutters 12 may thus be adjusted to protrude a slight or proper distance
beyond the face of the disc or plate 44, and as such plate is convex and inclines
outwardly from its outer to its inner edges, it follows that the cutters will stand
longitudinally in a corresponding position.
By giving the wheel in which the cutters are set a general concave form, causes
said cutters to produce a curved cut along the edge of the stave, which cut the
convex form given to the edge of each cutter modifies, so as to produce the required
straighter cut or curve at the "quarter" of the stave than the concave disposition
of such cutters would alone make, see Figure 14.
The convex curvature given to the edges of these cutters is greatest at their
inner ends, and at their outer ends it is comparatively straight, which form enables
the degree of curvature of cut accomplished by them to be readily raised by
adjusting the stave to be jointed so that different longitudinal portions of the
cutters perform the cutting, as will presently be further explained.
In front of this cutter wheel and near its lower edge or side is a horizontal bed
or table 35, that is arranged to swing back and forth by means of depending
arms 8, 9, which are pivoted to brackets 18, 19.
This table is capable of vertical adjustment by the following means:-The bodies
of its supporting brackets 18, 19, rest upon screw bolts 24, 25, that are tapped in
screw threaded lugs 26, 27, projecting from the legs 33, the movements of which
bolts will raise or lower the table as may be required. These bolts 24, 25, are
provided with jamb nuts which, screwed against the under faces of the lugs 26, 27,
prevent the jarring action of the machine from causing the said bolts to turn and
thus disturb the adjustment.
The brackets are further provided with side plates 20, 21, that are slotted
to receive the shanks of holding bolts 10 that are tapped into threaded holes
in the legs 33, and thus act to more securely hold the table in its adjusted
positions.
The body plates of these brackets extend upwards to form rests 16, 17, which
are engaged by stops 22, 23, with which the rear sides of the depending arms 8, 9,
are provided.
•
To this bed 35 are secured the stave rests 36, 37, 38, upon which the stave to be
jointed is supported. The end rests 36 and 37 are adjustable to and from the
centre rest 38, and each is provided with a seat 11 that has a curved upper
surface conforming to the curved inner surface of the stave. These seats 11 are
connected to the rests by means of bolts or other common means whereby they
may be adjusted vertically to proper positions, so that the whole under surface
of the stave will bear upon them, and the stave thus be rigidly supported and
compelled by the pressure exerted upon it by the clamps to adjust itself to their
curved upper faces, whereby the crooks and wind of the stave will be removed
when it is jointed. The end rest 37 is also provided with a head block 60, against
which the end of the stave is adjusted as it is introduced into the machine.
The end rests 36, 37, also carry rising ears 46, 47, in which the arms 48, 49, of
the clamps 51, 50, are pivoted, which clamp arms 48, 49, are provided with con-
necting rods 28, 29, pivoted to swinging arms 4, 5, and attached to the toggle
levers 6, 7, that are connected to and operated by a connecting rod 52 attached
to a foot lever 53 that is counter-balanced by a weight 54.
The forward movement of the bed or table 35 is limited by an adjusting
screw 61 that turns in a lug projecting from the arm 8, and projects so as to
engage the leg 33.
The stave eveners 55, 56, consist of arms that are fast upon a rocking shaft 57
hung in bearings provided in the bed or table 35, and said arms have the upper
ends suitably bent to bear against the rear edge of the stave.
The shaft 57 is provided with a forwardly projecting arm 58 upon which is

page_text: carried an adjustable weight 59, the tendency of which is to hold the stave eveners
55, 56, in their forward position, and thus cause them to press forward, bear upon
the rear edge of and hold a stave in proper position to have its front edge presented
to the cutters of the jointer wheel or head.
The shaft 57 supporting these arms is provided with a collar 3 having an arm
projecting from it in such a forward position as to be engaged by a pin on the
rod 52 when such rod moves upwardly, and thus causes the shaft 57 to rock and
the eveners to be thrown rearwardly or in an open position to permit the stave
lying in front of them upon the rests to be removed and another one to be
introduced.
The normal position of the lever 53 is its raised position, in which it is held by
the weight 54, the clamps 50, 51, then being raised, the bed or table 35 resting
against the stops 16, 17, in its rearward position, while the eveners 55, 56, from
before which a stave has been removed are held in their rearward position, see
Figure 1.
The stave to be jointed is then laid upon the rests 36, 37, 38, in front of the
eveners with its end snugly seated against the head block 60. Pressure is then
applied to the foot lever 53, the downward movement of which through the toggle
levers and their connections causes the clamps 50, 51, to be brought down upon
the ends of the stave to clamp the same, and at the same time the pin on the
coller 3 being released the eveners are pressed forward by their weight 59 against
the rear edge of the stave to properly project its front edge beyond the rests for
its prensentation to the cutters 12. As the clamps are thus brought down they
press sufficiently to cause the seats 11 to properly adjust under the stave, which is
thus supported in a true position in all directions with respect to the jointing
cutters. The stave thus secured upon its bed or table 35 is carried forward by
the same movement of the foot lever that operates the clamps and eveners, and
hence presents such stave in a proper position to be engaged by the cutters 12 of
the rapidly revolving jointer wheel. Now as the stave is supported in a horizontal
plane, and each cutter travels in a circular are through such plane, it follows that
the cutters engaging the stave edge must perform a shearing cut thereon, and as
these cutters are arranged in inclined positions in the cutter head, it also follows
that the cut they make will be inclined vertically, or provide the stave with an
inwardly inclined under cut edge, and that horizontally such cut will be circular
and composed of such arcs as are determined the portion of the cutter edges that
are in cutting range as the cutter wheel revolves. Thus the stave is given a
curved forward edge that is properly tapered from one to the other, the centre
or bilge point being considerably curved, while the quarters and ends have very
slight curves.
Each stave edge is thus formed, so that when a number of such staves are
assembled as a barrel body, such barrel body will have the desired form of bilge
quarters and ends.
The degree of angularity of the stave edge may be varied by a proper arrange-
ment of the stave rests and the adjustable pieces upon the clamps, whereby the
stave is given more or less angularity with respect to the supporting bed or
table.
To obtain more or less extent of the curvature of the stave edge it is only
necessary to raise or lower the bed or table by means of its adjustable brackets
18, 19, whereby the stave is brought more or less toward the centre of the cutter
wheel, and thus exposed to the cutters so that a lesser or greater curved portion of
the edges of the cutters shall act.
When the stave edge has been properly dressed the workman releasing the
forward pressure upon the bed or table 35 allows the same to vibrate rearwards,
and at the same time permits the lever 53 to rise, whereupon the clamps 50, 51,
are raised, the eveners 55, 56, drop rearward, and the stave is released, and the
described operation may be repeated.
The casing of the cutter wheel is made hollow, and its lower portion at one side

page_text: converted into a chute, whereby the shavings cut from the staves are collected and
guided out of the opening 101, from whence they may be conducted by a pipe to
any desirable place.
To form a barrel body a number of properly shaped staves are assembled in
circular form by setting them up in a truss hoop of suitable dimensions, in which
such a number are placed vertically as will, with their edges resting snugly
together, form a circular body filling such hoop.
Their lower ends being thus held their upper ends flare outwardly to a
considerable degree, and require great power to bring them together so that their
edges will meet and be adapted to receive a second truss hoop which, with the
first truss hoop, secures the staves in the form of a barrel body, which may be
safely handled in the further manipulations necessary to finish it.
The third part of the improvements relate to the windlass which operates to
draw the flaring stave ends together to receive the second trussing hoop, the main
features of which are the means for controlling the movements of the windlass
which winds up the tightening rope, whereby its movements are regulated, and
the means for slacking said rope and rewinding it from the windlass.
A machine embodying this part of the improvements, as shown on Sheet 2 by
Figures 15 to 20, of which Figure 15 illustrates a front side elevation; Figure 16,
a plan or top view; Figure 17, a right hand end elevation; Figure 18 is a rear
elevation of the right hand end of the machine; Figure 19, a sectional elevation of,
the worm wheel and clutch; and Figure 20, an inside face elevation of the pulley
supporting end post.
The various mechanisms of the apparatus are supported by a heavy iron table 25
that rests upon legs 26.
At about the centre of its front side this table is provided with a curved seat 19,
in which the flaring ends of the set up staves of the partially formed barrel body
may extend so as to be in a convenient position to have the loop of a tightening
rope 18 placed over them. .
This tightening rope, preferably made of wire, the loop of which is temporarily
hung suspended from a hook 27 on a rod 28 rising vertically from the table, has
one end securely secured by a link or links 8 to the base of an end post 29, and
its opposite end fastened to the end of a drawing chain 22 that is attached to a
winding drum or windlass 11 that is fast upon a transverse shaft 9, which is mounted
in brackets 10 that rise from the face of the table at the end opposite to that
carrying the post 29. This winding drum or windlass carrying shaft is provided
at one end with a worm wheel 20 that runs loosely upon it, which worm wheel is
rotated by means of a worm 30 on a driving shaft 21 that is mounted in longi-
tudinal bearings attached to the frame, and provided with a bell pulley 50 that
runs loosely and may slide upon said shaft.
The rotary motion of the pulley 50 is transmitted to the driving shaft by means
of a friction wheel 51 that is fast upon said shaft, and into frictional contact with
the conical periphery of which the correspondingly formed inner surface of the rim
of said pulley is forced by means of a bell crank shifting lever 54, one end of which
is joined by a connection rod 53 with the long arm of a lever 54 that is pivoted to
a lug 13 projecting from the table, and has its short arm forked to embrace a
collar 51 that fits in a flanged seat formed for it in the elongated hub 32 of the
pulley. The normal position of these parts is that shown in the Drawings, and a
movement of the lever 52 in the direction of the arrow will suffice to cause the
shaft 21 to rotate.
The rotary motion of the worm wheel 20 is transmitted to the shaft 9 and the
windlass 11 by means of a clutch wheel 12 that is splined upon the shaft 9 so as
to slide thereon while rotating with said shaft, the teeth of which clutch wheel 12
engage with the teeth of a similar wheel projecting from the rear face of the worm
wheel 20.
The reciprocating movements of the clutch wheel 12 are imparted to it by means
of a lover 23 that is nivated to a lux 14 nroiecting from the frame work the short

page_text: arm of which lever is forked to embrace a collar 6 that fits in a seat formed
for it in the hub 7 of said clutch wheel 12.
The long arm of the rod 23 is connected to one of the toggle levers 15, 16, the
latter of which is fast to a longitudinal rock shaft 24, the vibration of which is
accomplished by means of a treadle 33. The toggle lever 15 is provided with a
weight 17, whereby said toggles are held extended, and thus vibrate the lever 23
so as to cause the clutch wheel 12 to engage with the clutch of the worm wheel 20,
and thus cause its rotating motion to be transmitted to the shaft and to the
windlass 11. When the lever 33 is depressed it throws the clutch wheel 12
rearward, and thus leaves the windlass free to revolve in either direction.
As the free end of the chain 22 is secured to a slacking chain 34 that runs under
a pulley 4 and over a pulley 5 that turns on bearings in the end post 29, and is
provided at its end with a weight 35, it is apparent that after the chain 22 as
been wound upon the windlass 11, and thus raised the weight 35, that that weight
will descend when the windlass is free or unclutched, and unwinds the
chain 22.
Operation. The mechanisms being in the positions shown, and the flaring upper
ends of the staves composing a partially formed barrel body having been placed
within the seat 17, the attendant takes the looped tightening rope 18 from the
hook 27 and places it over the ends of the flaring staves. Then drawing the
shifting lever 52 towards the centre of the machine, forces the rotating pulley 50
into frictional contact with the frictional wheel 51, whereupon the shaft 21 is set
in motion and rotates the worm 30, which through the worm wheel 20 that is
clutched to the shaft 9 sets the latter in motion and rotates the windlass 11, which
is thus turned by a movement of great power and winds up the chain 22, which
drawing upon the tightening rope 18 shortens the bends of said rope around the
stave ends and thus draws them closely together. This done the lever 52 is
released which allows pulley 50 to move inward and thus suspend the movement
of the worm 30 whereby the windlass ceases to turn. A truss hoop is then placed
over the staves to secure the position they have been drawn into. The treadle 33
is then depressed by the foot and it acts through the toggles and lever 23 to
withdraw the clutch wheel 12 from engagement with the clutch of the worm
wheel 20, thus leaving the windlass free to turn with its shaft to unwind the
chain 22 and release the tightening rope from the barrel body.
These movements will be effected by the descent of the weight 35 that was raised
by the winding up of the drawing chain 22, which will thus pull the rope 18
rearward and give it the necessary slack to perinit its being again placed over the
greatly distended stave ends another partially formed barrel body. In this
condition it may be again hung upon the hook 27 as the treadle 33 is released, and
the barrel body operated upon is released and an incomplete one is brough to the
machine.
Any other means for connecting the driving pulley with the shaft 20 to rotate
the same may be employed; said shaft 21 may be connected to the wheel 20,
whereby the windlass shaft is rotated as mitre gearing, and the clutch
mechanism connecting the shaft 9 with the wheel 20 may be constructed in various
ways.
The fourth part of the improvements relates to a machine by which the staves of
a barrel body are levelled and the truss hoops are driven at one complete operation
of the mechanisms, the principal features of which are an improved construction of
the levelling and trussing heads and the means for operating the same, so that by
a continuous movement of the mechanisms the stave ends are evened and the truss
hoops driven.
An embodiment of this part of the improvements is shown on Sheets 3 and 4 of
the Drawings, where Figure 21 illustrates a side elevation; Figure 22, a plan or top
view; Figure 23, an elevation on the section line x of Figure 21; Figure 24, a
vertical sectional elevation of one driving head, levelling plate, and centreing cone;
Figure 25, a rear elevation of one of the driving heads; Figure 26, a portion of the

page_text: toggle that operates the shipping lever; Figure 28, a plan view of one of the body
trussing arms and its box.
The driving heads 101, 102, which support a centreing cone 103, a levelling
plate 106, and a series of body trussing arms 108. Each head 101, 102, is provided
with three bearings 109, whereby said heads are guided upon rods 110, 111, 112,
as they are moved from and toward each other, which rods 110, 111, 112 are
securely fixed in the end frames 113, 114.
The movements of the driving heads 101, 102, are accomplished simultaneously
as follows:
The head 101 is provided at its opposite sides with pivoted connecting rods
115, 116, the rear ends of which are pivoted to cranks 117, 118, carried at the
opposite ends of a crank shaft 119, by the operation of which cranks at each
revolution of the shaft 119 the said head 101 is reciprocated to and from the centre
of the machine.
The head 102 is rigidly attached by means of rods 120, 121, to a sliding head 122,
that is provided with three bearings 123, so that it may move upon the guide rods
110, 111, 112, and the driving head 101 is provided at top and bottom with suitable
holes which admit the unobstructed movement of the rods 120, 121, through it.
The sliding head 122 has a connecting rod 124 pivoted to it, which rod at its
rear end is pivoted to a crank 125, that is rigidly attached to the crank shaft 119.
As the crank shaft is rotated to reciprocate the head 101, it operates the crank 125
to reciprocate the head 102 through the sliding head 122 and the rods 120, 121,
connecting it with said head 122.
These cranks 117, 118, and 125 are so related to each other that the heads 101, 102,
are simultaneously reciprocated, thus moving toward each other in performing the
trussing and levelling operation, and away from each other in releasing the barrel
body operated upon.
The crank shaft 119 carries a worm wheel 126 that is engaged to a worm 127,
secured on the driving shaft 128. This latter shaft also supports two belt pulleys
129, 130, that revolve freely upon bearings 132, 133, by which the pulleys may
slide laterally upon said shaft. Either of these pulleys may therefore be moved
into frictional contact with the face of a driving friction disc 131 fast upon the
driving shaft, and this through the gearing rotate the crank shaft 119 in one
direction or the other to operatively drive the trussing mechanisms or reverse their
movement.
The lateral or sliding movement of these pulleys into contact with the friction
disc 131 is accomplished by a controlling mechanism whereby the active movements
of the mechanisms are governed.
This controlling mechanism is constructed as follows:-
:-
The shipping lever 135 of the pulley 129 is pivoted to the pulley bearing 132
and fulcrumed in a bar 137, and the shipping lever 136 of the pulley 136 is in
likewise pivoted to the pulley bearing 133 and fulcrummed in the bar 137.
This fulcrum bar 137 is arranged to slide upon bolts projecting from an ear 138
at one end and a companion ear at the other end, and is seated at each end upon a
rubber spring 140, so that any undue strain exerted through either of the levers
135, 136, upon said bar may be compensated for by the elasticity of such spring.
The power ends of the levers 135, 136, are pivoted to a bar 141 that in turn is
connected by a toggle to each of the foot levers 100, 134, as follows:-
One member of the toggle has four branches, see Figure 26, one 94 pivoted to
the end of the lever 141, another depending one 95 that is pivoted to the lever 134,
another upwardly extending one 96 to which a chain 95 is secured, and a fourth 97
to which is attached the second member 99 of the toggle. This latter member 99
is pivoted to the side frame, and connected to the foot lever 100 by means of a
rod 142.
By means of this construction of devices pressure applied to the foot levers 100
will straighten the toggle, and thus throw the shipping levers 135, 136, in a
direction that will move the pulley 130 away from or out of. contact with the

page_text: friction disc 131 and the pulley 129 towards said disc, and if moved far enough
will carry the pulley 129 into frictional contact with the disc 131, and thus drive
the shaft 128 and rotate the crank shaft 119 in a direction to effect the trussing
operation. By depressing the foot lever 134 the contrary effect is produced, that
is, said lever operates to open the toggle, throwing the shipping levers 135, 136,
in a direction that will move the pulley 129 away from or out of contact with the
friction disc 131 and the pulley 130 towards said disc, and if moved far enough
will carry said pulley into frictional contact with said disc, and drive the shaft 119
in a contrary direction to cause a reverse or returning movement of the mechanisms.
Said foot levers may thus be used to drive the crank shaft in either direction or
suspend its movement. An arrangement is supplied to accomplish the automatic
stopping of the macbine each time the crank shaft 119 makes a revolution by
throwing the pulley then engaged with the driving disc 131 out of frictional or
driving contact therewith, and bringing into action a friction brake. This is
accomplished as follows:-
The friction brake is a lever 143 properly curved to fit the perimeter of the
friction driving disc 131. It is pivoted at one end to the side frame and at
the other is attached to a rod 144, a relieving rubber spring 145 being interposed.
The rod 144 is pivoted to one end of a bell crank 146, which at the other end is
pivoted to a rod 147 connected to a lever 148 that normally stands inclined so as
to adapt it to be engaged by the crank 117 during the rearward movement of the
latter, which thus vibrates the lever 148 and applies the break 143. When relieved
of the pressure of this crank the lever 148 is moved forward by the gravitating
movement of the said brake.
The arm 96 of the toggle has a chain 98 attached to it, which chain carries at its
lower end a weight 149, and is secured at the other end to a shive 151. Another
chain 152 secured to this shive, so as to depend from its opposite side, carries at its
lower end a weight 150. A lever 153 fast to the shive 151 projects upwardly
therefrom, and is connected by a chain 154 to one end of a horizontal lever 155
that is pivoted upon the top surface of the end frame 113 and the chain 154. The
other end of the lever 155 is pivoted to a rod 156, the forward end of which has
a bearing 157, whereby it may slide upon the rod 110 and thus be maintained
in the path of travel of the driving head 101.
Each of the driving heads 101, 102, consists of a face disc secured to a central
hub from which project hollow ribs 160 which provide radial recesses that are open
at their front ends and closed at the rear ends, and operate as seats for the
boxes 81 that support the body trussing arms 108, of which arms there may be
six, as shown, or any other desired number. These trussing arms are bolts having
at their forward ends circular screw threaded heads 82 which are adjustable on
the bolts or arms 108 by simple rotation. The bolt of each trussing arm 108 is
properly guided by projecting through the front and rear walls of its box 81, and
at its rear end it protrudes through a slot 170 in the driving head. Between the said
walls of the box the bolt is diminished to provide a shoulder against which rests a
washer 83. This washer furnishes a seat for one end of a spiral spring 84 that
encircles the said bolt, and which bears at its other end against the rear wall of
the box. The forward movement of each bolt may be limited by pinning the
washer 83 to it, or by providing a nut on the extended rear end of the bolt to bear
against the driving head. Each box 81 is adjustable in its radial seat or recess to
and from the centre of the driving head by means of a clamp screw 85 that passes
through the slot 170 in the driving head, and enters a tapped hole in the rear wall
of the box whereby it is fixed in position.
These body trussing arms 108 are thus elastically seated, and may be adjusted
radially to suit the size of barrel body they are to operate upon.
Each of the levelling plates 106 is a circular disc, the edge of which is provided
with recesses to admit the passage of the body trussing arins 108 and with slots
to admit the passage of the end trussing arms 88, which levelling plates are

page_text: provided with circular hubs as 89, by which they are supported in a central bearing
in each driving head so as to slide thereon.
The trussing arms 88 have forward projecting ends affording bearings to engage
the end hoops, and at their rear ends they are slotted to embrace screw bolts 86,
by which they are secured to the driving head at points between the body trussing
arms 107, 108, and so as to be radially adjustable.
The centreing cones 103 are bolted to rims 90 projecting forward from the
levelling plates 106.
The levelling plates 106 are each provided with a toggle, one arm 87 of which
is pivoted to a bar 91 that is seated in the hub of the driving head, so as to bridge
its circular bearing, to which arm 87 the other arm 92 of the toggle is jointed.
Said arm 92 is pivoted in ears projecting from the levelling head, passes through
said head, and carries a weight on its forwardly projecting end. This weight thus
acts to straighten the toggle and hold the levelling head with the centreing cone
in their forward position.
The barrel body is supported in the machine by means of a cradle consisting
of carriers 158, 159, that are secured by a frame to the rods 111, 112, each carrier
being supplied with spring like plates or arms 161, 162, that project upwards and
curve outwards in opposite directions, which arms 161, 162, are adjustable vertically
in their carriers 158, 159, by set screws so as to adapt them to support different
sizes of barrels.
As the centreing cones 103, 103, are required to fit the barrel ends snugly, the
barrel body after being trussed requires to be held stationary while the cones are
being withdrawn from it. The means for accomplishing this consists of a double
branched latch, the opposite members 163, 164, of which catch over the body truss
hoops as the same are driven home, and thus hold the barrel body sufficiently
to secure it against endwise movement when the driving heads retire and carrying
the centreing beads with them.
The members of this latch are adjustable longitudinally in the carrier 165 that
supports them, which carrier swings upon the rod 110, its forward movement being
limited by means of a stop pin 93 that projects from a hub 166 with which the
body of the carrier engages. This carrier 165 is bifurcated to embrace the hub 166
which is secured to the rod 110 by a set screw and thus holds the latches in their
proper central position.
In addition to the various adjustments described to suit different sizes of barrels,
the driving head 102 is adjustable in its relation to the head 101 by means of the
screw threaded ends of the rods 120, 121, upon which adjusting nuts 167, 168, are
placed. By adjusting the position of this head 102 upon the rods 120, 121, the
extent of its inward throw towards the head 101 may be determined. Assuming
such adjustments to have been made, and the supporting cradle and holding latches
to have been adjusted to a proper central position, and the driving heads to have
been moved to their rearmost positions, at which time the machine will be at rest
with the pulleys 129, 130, out of engagement with the driving disc 143 the
operation will be as follows:-A barrel body which having been "set up" consists
of staves temporarily held together by two body and two end hoops, is placed on to
the arms 161, 162, of cradle where it is supported with the latches 163, 164,
resting upon its rearward side.
The machine is then started by pressure applied to the foot lever 100 which
straightens the toggle and carries the pulley 129 into contact with the driving
disc 131, whereupon the crank shaft 119 is set in motion to move the heads 109,
110.
The depression of the lever will have raised the weight 149 and released
the weight 152 so that it will fall and partly rotate the shive 151 as the head 109
moving forward permits the rod 156 to follow it up and thus release the strain
upon the chain 154 and lever 153, the weights 152, 149, then balancing each other
and holding the toggle straight and locked.
The crank shaft 119 in making a complete revolution causes the driving
heads 101, 102, to first move centrally or towards each other and then to retract or

page_text: move away from each other. As these heads move forward the centreing cones 103,
104, are first entered into the ends of the barrel body, thus acting to centre the
same with respect to the trussing arms. The further forward movement of the
driving heads brings the levelling discs 105, 106, into contact with the stave ends,
whereby they are pressed toward the centre and brought into a common plane or
evened with relation to each other, and when this is accomplished or the pressure
is great enough the levelling heads are forced rearwardly guided by their hubs 89
which are recessed to pass the bar 91, in which movement of them their weighted
toggle arms 92 are raised. In this forward movement the trussing arms 108 and
88 engage the truss hoops and force them onto the barrel body, thus compressing
the staves together and finishing the barrel body ready to receive its permanent
heads and hoops. When the body truss hoops have been moved centrally far
enough the latches 163, 164, which ride over them fall so as to engage behind
them. As the finishing half revolution of the crank shaft is effected, the driving
head 101, 102, retire or move outward, thus withdrawing the centreing heads, the
trussing arms, and finally the levelling discs, which, relieved from pressure, are
moved slightly forward by their weighted toggle arms 92. In this rearward
movement the barrel body is held in its central position against any endwise
movement by the latches 163, 164, which clasps upon its body truss hoops. As the
driving head 101 moves outward it will engage and move the rod 156 rearward,
thus vibrating the lever 155, and through the chain 154 drawing forward the
lever 153. The forward movement of the lever 153 causes the shive 151 to rotate,
whereby the weight 152 is drawn upward and the weight 149 is permitted to fall,
thus opening the toggle and moving the pulley 129 out of driving contact with
the friction disc 131, and the rearward movement of the crank 117 simultaneously
engages the lever 147, thus moving it rearward and causing the brake 143 to be
drawn upward to arrest the movement of the driving disc 131, thus suspending the
driving action of the mechanisms.
The trussed barrel body is now removed from the machine by pushing it off
from the cradle rearward, the latches 163, 164, being raised by swinging on the
rod 110 and permitting its exit from the machine. A second barrel body is now
placed upon the cradle and the operation is repeated. If at any time it is desired
to reverse the machine, pressure applied to the lever 134 will effect it by imparting
a reverse movement to the crank shaft through the means already described.
It will be observed that the worm wheel 126 during most of its revolution
simply acts to move the heads to and from each other; but that during a slight
portion of its revolution or at time when the trussing arms are acting to drive
the hoops it must exert great pressure. This in time causes great wear of its
teeth throughout a small extent of its circumference. In order to equalize this
wear and provide a worm wheel that will last as long as the other parts of the
machine, it is provided with a toothed rim that is adjustable circumferentially, so
that any part of it may be adjusted to the greatest wearing point.
This rim is made with a rib that fits within a groove in the wheel proper, in
which it is secured in the desired position of adjustment by means of screws 180.
Having now described and particularly set forth the nature of the said Invention,
and the manner of carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that
what I claim is,―
1st. The combination with the upper and lower rotating cutters and the stave
feeding stave feeding carriage of a holding dog, as 46, whereby the stave is pre-
vented from being twisted or canted while it is pressed forward, and simultaneously
dressed upon its upper and under faces, substantially as described.
2nd. The combination with the cutters and the stave feeding carriage of a
holding dog, as 46, and guide rests, as 15, 29, for the end of the dressed stave,
substantially as described.
3rd. The combination with the cutters and feeding carriage of the work
supporting bed, having a narrow longitudinal seat and holding weight having
a bearing rib, substantially as described.

page_text: 4th. The combination with the cutters and feeding carriage of the work
supporting bed having a narrow longitudinal seat, holding weight having a
bearing rib, and guide rests as 15, 29, substantially as described.
5th. The combination with the cutters and feeding carriage of the work
supporting bed, having a narrow longitudinal seat, and the guide rests, as 15, 29,
substantially as described.
6th. The combination with the cutters 21 and the work supporting table of the
projecting lip 2, substantially as described.
7th. The combination with the cutters 21 of the convex surfaced bed 45, and
means for feeding the stave forward, substantially as described.
8th. The combination with the cutters of the convex surfaced bed 45, holding
weight 44, and means for feeding the stave forward, substantially as described.
9th. The combination with the cutters 31 of a work holding weight, having its
face reduced to a rib, and its rear portion constructed as a shield 90 to discharge
the shavings from said cutters, substantially as described.
10th. The combination with the work supporting table 45 of the vertically
adjustable cutter head 20, and concave surfaced rest block 29, substantially as
described.
11th. The combination with the work supporting table 45, the cutter head 20,
and rest block 29, and holder 11 of the vertical adjustable cutter head 30, and
rest block 15, arranged to be bodily adjusted with respect to each other,
substantially as described.
12th. The combination with the table 45, rest block 29, and cutter blade 20, 30,
of the independently adjustable rest block 15, substantially as described.
13th. The combination with the work table 45 and means for feeding the stave
forward, the cutters 21, 31, and rest block 29 of the elastically seated rest block 15,
substantially as described.
14th. The combination with the stave supporting bed of a wheel for jointing
staves having its face formed upon a curve from its outer edge to its inner edge,
and provided with cutters which have their cutting edges conformed to the said
wheel face, substantially as described.
15th. The combination with the stave supporting bed and its end clamps of the
toggle levers for operating the clamps and rods connecting said levers and clamps,
substantially as described.
16th. The combination with the stave supporting bed, its rest blocks or seats:
and clamps of the eveners and mechanism connecting them with the clamps, so
that the movement of the eveners is governed by the movement of the clamps,
substantially as described.
17th. The combination with the bed 35, its clamps 50, 51, arms 48, 49,
rods 28, 29, and toggle levers 4, 5, 6, 7, substantially as described.
18th. The combination with the windlass 11 and the driving wheel 20 rotating
freely upon the windlass shaft of a clutch wheel 12, mounted to slide upon and
turn with the windlass shaft, and provided with mechanism that automatically
maintains it in engagement with said driving wheel, and is capable of being
operated to disengage the same, substantially as described.
19th. The combination with the windlass 11 and the driving wheel 20 rotating
upon the windlass shaft, and a clutch wheel 12 mounted to slide on the windlass
shaft, and automatically maintained in engagement with said driving wheel of a
weighted lever and its connections, substantially as described.
20th. The combination with the tightening rope, its drawing chain and windlass 5
of the weight slacking chain, substantially as described.
21st. The combination of the shaft 21 provided with a clutch, connecting it with
the means for rotating it, gearing for communicating the motion of said shaft to
the driving wheel of the windlass shaft, clutching mechanism for connecting said
driving wheel with the windlass shaft, and two sets of shipping levers, each set 5
operating independently to cause the movement of the driving and winding shafts,
substantially as described.

page_text: 22nd. The combination with the tightening rope, the windlass and mechanism con-
necting it with its driver of the weighted slacking chain, substantially as described.
23rd. The combination with the windlass, its driving wheel and clutch mechanism,
of the clutch operating lever provided with a weight whereby it acts normally to
hold the clutch into engagement with said driving wheel, substantially as
described.
24th. In a trussing machine the combination of two reciprocating driving heads
arranged to slide to and from each other, and actuated by rods connected with a
crank shaft at one end of the machine, which shaft thus sustains the end strain
induced by the trussing operation, substantially as described.
25th. The combination with the driving heads 101, 102, and the single crank
shaft 119 at one end of the machine, of the cranks 117, 118, 125, and rods
connecting said cranks and heads, whereby the latter are reciprocated, substantially
as described.
26th. The combination with the driving heads 101, 102, cranks 117, 118, 125,
and intermediate connecting rods, of the single crank shaft 119, worm wheel 126,
and worm 127, substantially as described.
27th. The combination with the driving shaft 128, the sliding pulleys 129, 130,
and the driving friction disc 131, of the shipping levers 132, 133, the toggle and
the levers 100, 134, substantially as described.
28th. The combination with the driving shaft 128, the friction disc 131, and the
pulleys 129, 130, of the toggle and the intermediate mechanisms, when by the same
is automatically operated to control the movements of the machine, substantially as
described.
29th. The combination with the shaft 128, disc 131, pulleys 129, 130, and the
brake 143, of the toggle and the intermediate means extending within the path of
travel, of the head 101 and its crank 117, whereby said head and crank in moving
rearward cause the driving power to be suspended, and the brake to arrest the
movement of the machine, substantially as described.
30th. The combination with the reciprocating head 101, the shaft 128, disc 131,
pulleys 129, 130, and toggle, of the shive 151, chains 98, 154, and levers 155, 156,
substantially as described.
31st. The combination with the reciprocating head 101, the shaft 128, pulleys
129, 130, disc 131, and brake 143, and toggle, of the shive 151, chains 98, 154, and
levers 155, 156, substantially as described.
32nd. The combination with the driving heads of the body, trussing arms, spring
seated in recesses, and provided with means for radially adjusting them to fixed
positions, whereby they are adapted to operate upon different sized barrels, substan-
tially as described.
33rd. The combination with the driving heads of boxes as 81, adjustable radially
in recesses therein, said boxes supporting spring seated trussing arms, substantially
as described.
34th. A toothed wheel, the rim whereof is constructed so as to be adjustable
circumferentially upon its body or hub, whereby said rim may be adjusted to bring
various parts of the same to the point where the greatest strain is exerted upon it,
and thus cause its equal wear, substantially as described.
35th. The combination with the driving heads of automatically adjustable
levelling plates, substantially as described.
36th. The combination with the driving heads of sliding levelling plates connected
thereto by weighted toggles, substantially as described.
37th. The combination with the driving heads 101, 102, of lengthening rods,
whereby said heads may be adjusted to operate upon different sizes of barrels, sub-
stantially as described.
38th. The combination with the driving heads 101, 102, of the barrel centreing
cones, as 103, 104, substantially as described.
39th. The combination with the driving heads, and the trussing mechanisms
carried by them, of the barrel supporting cradle, substantially as described.

page_text: 40th. The combination with the driving heads and the trussing mechanisms they
carry of the barrel holding latches, substantially as described.
41st. The combination with the adjustable driving heads of the adjustable cradle,
substantially as described.
42nd. The combination with the adjustable driving heads of the adjustable barrel
holding latches, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Morgan-Brown, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twentieth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty-one.
W. MORGAN-BROWN. (L.S.)