IMPROVE- MENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO FURNACES, AND VESSELS USED IN CONNECTION THERE WITH, FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Bazley, of the City of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO FURNACES, AND VESSELS USED IN CONNECTION
THERE WITH, FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Bazley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
May 1854.
I, THOMAS BAZLEY, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Cotton Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO FURNACES, AND VESSELS USED IN CONNECTION
THEREWITH, POE THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS," to be as follows:-
They consist, in the first place, in an improved melting pot or vessel, the
object of which is a form that will be capacious, and which will expose as
much as possible of its exterior surface to the direct action of the heat. The
form which I believe at present will answer best to these conditions are,
either the semi-sphere, with a base sufficient to give steadiness to it, and
which will elevato it a few inches above the floor of the furnace; or the
frustrum of a cone, the smaller end answering as a base for it to stand
upon.
These improvements; in the second place, consist in the construction and
arrangement of furnaces; the object being an economy of heat, and a more

page_text: uniform distribution of it upon the melting pots. It consists in an arrangement
in which the fires are placed on one side of the furnace and the fluc orifices
on the opposite side, the flue orifices being on a level or a little below the
level of the bottom of the furnace. It also consists in an arrangement
whereby the flue from one furnace may be directed and made to pass through
the chamber of another oven or furnace, for annealing or other purposes; the
entrance orifices (corresponding with the fires of the first furnace) being on
one side, and the outlet flue orifice on the opposite side of the chamber,
near the level of the floor. These improvements further consist in employ-
ing the heat expended or given off by the furnaces to heat the air in its
passage; or it consists in heating the air in its passage to the fires of the
furnaces to support combustion.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Bazley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
28th November 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
BAZLEY, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton
Spinner, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of May, in the year of our Lord.
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Thomas Bazley, Her special license that I, the said Thomas Bazley, my
executors, administrators, and ussigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas
Bazley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
AND APPLICABLE TO FURNACES, AND VESSELS USED IN CONNECTION THEREWITH, FOR
THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Thomas Bazley, by an instrument in writing under my hand and scal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to he
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said. Thomas Bazley, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
and accompanying Drawings (that is to say):-
The improvements to which this Invention relates consists, in the first place,
in an improved melting pot or vessel, the object of which is a form that will
be capacious, and which will expose as much as possible of its exterior surface
to the direct action of the heat. The form which I believe will answer best
to these conditions are, either the semi-sphere, with a base sufficient to give
steadiness to it, and which will elevate it a few inches above the floor of the
furnace; or the frustrum of a cone, the smaller end answering as a base for it
to stand upon. The improved pots or vessels referred to are made of the
samo material as that hitherto employed, and the shapes which I prefer are
represented in the Drawings annexed hereto, by Figs. 4 and 5, which are
sectional elevations. a' being a rim formed round them, which will prevent
them from slipping through the tongs or other apparatus employed to lift or
move them. I claim as this part of my Invention, pots or vessels, when used
for the manufacture of glass, of semi-spherical or conical forms, similar to those
just described, and shewn in the Drawings by by Figs. 4 and 5.
These improvements relate, in the second place, to the construction and
arrangement of furnaces for melting, annealing, and other purposes; the object
being an economy of heat, and a more uniform distribution of it upon the melt-
ing pots or glass to be annealed. It consists in an arrangement in which the
fires are placed on one side of the furnace and the flue orifices on the opposite
side, the flue orifices being on a level or a little below the level of the bottom
of the furnace. This arrangement is shewn in the Drawings annexed hereto
by Figs. 1, 2 and 3, which Figures represent respectively a side sectional
elevation, a front sectional elevation, and a plan sectional view, of a double
furnace. Fig. 1 shews an outside view of one furnace, and a sectional view
(on the line a, b, Fig. 3,) of the other furnace; Fig. 2 shews a section on the
line c, d, Fig. 3, and an elevation beyond it looking from the front of the
furnace; and Fig. 3, on one side, shews a sectional plan on the level of
the ground line, and on the other side a sectional plan below the line a, b,
Fig. 1. a, ash pit; b, are the firing orifices; c, grate bars of fires; d, fire
bridge (a, melting pots or vessels); c, flour of furnace; f, flue orifices (on a
level with the bottom or floor of the furnace) leading into the flue or chimney g;
h, the side walls of the furnace, which support the arch which covers the
furnace. These side walls are provided with the usual openings, through
which the pots a are placed in and removed from the furnace, which are

page_text: closed by the temporary brick walls (h), or bricks placed in iron frames.
Inclined gutters (i) are formed in the floor of each furnace, over which the
melting pots are placed, which serve to convey away any overflow from the
pots into a channel 9', at the bottom of the chimney or flue, from which it
can be withdrawn at times. Though a double furnace is shewn by Figs. 1, 2,
and 3, it is clear they may be constructed on the same principle singly, and
that a number of either single or double furnaces may be arranged side by side,
with a sufficient space between them to allow of the pots being removed; the
flues from such furnaces all passing to one chimney; and it will also be
evident that a number of furnaces may be arranged together in the manner
shewn by Fig. 6, which represents a plan sectional view, where g is a square
flue, which forms the chimney, having a furnace (constructed and arranged
precisely in the same manner as that already described,) placed against each
of its four sides. I need not add any further description of this Figure, as tho
same letters and figures of reference are used on similar or corresponding parts
in cach Figure of the Drawings. I claim as new in this part of my Invention,
when used for the manufacture of glass, furnaces arranged and constructed as
herein described, when the fires are on one side, and the flue orifices are on the
opposite side of the furnace, on or near the level of the floor of the furnace.
This part of my Invention also consists in an arrangement whereby
the flue from one furnace may be directed and made to pass through the
chamber of another oven or furnace, for annealing or other purposes; the
entrance orifices (corresponding with the fires of the first furnace) being on
one side, and the outlet orifice on the opposite side, near the level of the floor
of the oven or furnace. The arrangement here referred to may be carried
into effect either by arranging the second furnace or oven on a level with the
first furnace or above it; if on a level with the first furnace, an arrange-
ment of furnaces may be adopted similar to the double furnace, represented by
Figs. 1, 2, and 3; but instead of the heat or the heated products of combustion
passing, say, from the furnace, shewn on the right hand up the flue or chimney
g, it will have to be conducted through orifices f into the other furnace, and
out of that furnace by flue orifices on the opposite side, and there pass into
the flue or chimney, which may be erected at that end. The chimney between
the furnaces may be retained also, or otherwise flue passages may be made
from the flue g leading to the chimney, whereby, if found necessary, all or a
portion of tlie heat from the first furnace may be diverted from passing
through the chamber of the second furnace by dampers, formed of iron
or earthenware, by which provision the temperature of the second chamber
or oven' may be modified or subdued, as required. When the second furnace

page_text: or oven is placed above the first, that arrangement shewn in the Drawings
by Figs. 7, 8, and 9, may be adopted. Fig. 7 represents a back sectional, and
Fig. 8 a side sectional, elevation; and Fig. 9 a plan view, taken in section,
through the upper chamber. By these Figures it will be seen that a is the
ash pit; b, the firing orifico; c, grate bars; d, fire bridge; f flue orifices on
opposite side of the first furnace, arranged as herein-before described, passing
into the flue g, which ascends to the entrance orifice of the second furnace or
oven, passing into the chamber over the part 93, (corresponding with the fire
bridge in furnaces where fires are applied direct,) then out of the chamber
through flue orifices (f) on the opposite side into the flue or chimney g. Tho
same arrangements of flue passages and dampers, referred to in describing the
first modification of this part of my Invention, may be used and adapted to
divert all or a portion of the heat or heated products of combustion from
passing through the second chamber, so as to modify and subdue its tem-
perature. If the first furnace (in modifications shewn by Figs. 7, 8, and 9)
is on a level with the ground, stages or floors k of sufficient extent will have
to be made, as a facility for placing and removing materials from the second
furnace or oven. In this part of my Invention, I claim, when used for the
manufacture of glass, the arrangement of furnaces, or furnaces and ovens,
herein described, whereby the heat or heated gases or products of combustion
from the fires of one furnace is made, on leaving the chamber of that furnace,
to pass into and heat the chamber of another furnace or oven on its passage
to the flue or chimney.
These improvements consist, in the third place, in employing the heat
expended or given off by furnaces to heat air in its passage, or it consists
in heating air in its passage to the fires of the furnaces to support their
combustion. To accomplish this purpose, the air to support the fires will
have to be conveyed by pipes, covered or closed channels, or passages
under the grate bars of each fire; and the space under the grate bars
of each fire will have to be partitioned off, so as to exclude all air from
the grate bars not supplied by the air pipes, covered or closed channels,
or passages referred to, which must pass through the flues leading from
the furnace of the chimney, so that the cold air entering and passing
through them to support the combustion of the fires of the furnaces becomes
heated in its passage through that part of its channel leading through the
flues, by reason of the heat in the flues acting on the exterior surface of the
pipes, covered or closed channels, or passages. An earthenware or iron pipe,
or a series of earthenware or iron pipes, will answer best for the air channel
passing through the flues. If desirable, the cold air inay be propelled through.

page_text: the heating pipes or passages by a blast or blowing apparatus. It will be
understood that the orifices through which fuel is fed to the fires must be kept
closed, by a door or other arrangement, when not required open to feed fresh
fuel, or for other purposes.
I claim as this part of my Invention the use or application of air to
support the combustion of fires or furnaces used in the manufacture of glass
which has been previously heated or increased in temperature by heat expended
or given off by the furnace or furnaces to which it is used or applied, as herein-
before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Bazley, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
THO BAZLEY. (LS.)