An Improvement in Cycle and like Frames and Joints by which they can be made Stronger and Lighter.
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improvement in Cycle and like Frames and Joints by which they
can be made Stronger and Lighter.
LOUIS CALLENDER, 31, Market Street, Nottingham, Cycle Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
An invention by which the joints of steel tubes to steel tubes other metal
or metal tubes or wood can be inade stronger at the joints. For this purpous I
construct a furrul which I make of metal with Projections forming points in
the shape of acute angles or serrations on the edge which projections and serra-
tions either form part of the castings or stampings of the joints or are brazed
on or are otherwise fastened on. By having the furrul or extention thus serrated
and fixed externally I gain an amount of elasticity over and above that usually
given to joints of this class made in the ordinary way. I prepose using hard
steel from which the temper has not been removed to form body of frames, for
attachment of body to serrated furrels or extentions I use any suitable proces
of brazing weilding or otherwise chemically or mechanically joining by which
the hardness or toughness of the steel is not distroyed, and prefer to use a
comparatively hard solder that melts at a low temperature, but reserve the right
to braze body to serrated extentions or furruls in the ordinary way with spelter
or hard solder when found so desirable.
By my invention cycle and like frames can be built with a lighter gauge of
tube because the resistance at joints will be graduated and in the case of weilding
or joining by the above mentioned process the steel forming the body of frame
remains of the same texture and hardness throughout.
An Improvement in Cycle and like Frames and Joints by which they
can be made Stronger and Lighter.
I, LOUIS CALLENDER, of 31, Market Street, Nottingham, in the County of
Nottingham, Cycle Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:
-
An invention by which the joints of steel tubes to steel tubes, other metal or
metal tubes and rods can be made stronger. For this purpose I construct a
ferrule which I make of metal with projections forming points in the shape of

page_text: acute angles or serrations on the edge of one end, which projections and serra-
tions either form part of the castings or stampings of the joints, or are brazed
on or otherwise fastened on, either mechanically, electrically, or chemically. By
having the ferrule or extension thus serrated and fixed externally I gain an
amount of elasticity and strength over and above that usually given to joints
of this class made in the ordinary way. I propose using hard steel tubes from
which the natural hardness has not been removed, to form the body of the frame;
for attachment of which to extensions or serrated ferrules I use a process of
welding or otherwise chemically, electrically or mechanically joining, by which
the hardness or toughness of the steel is not destroyed.
By my invention cycles and like frames can be built with a lighter guage of
tube than now generally used, because the resistance at joints will be graduated,
and in the case of welding by the above mentioned process the steel forming the
body of the frame remains of the same texture and hardness throughout.
In order that my invention may be fully understood and ascertained I append
a sheet of drawings, in which:-
Fig. 1 is an elevation of a bicycle shewing the position of different joints
according to my invention.
Fig. 2 is a section on an enlarged scale of a joint formed according to my
invention.
Fig. 3 is an elevation of a joint.
A indicates the tubes forming the frame of a rear driving safety bicycle of
the ordinary type. In this description of frame many different joints are made;
the down-tube being connected at top and bottom, and the other tubes at each
end to their respective fittings. These different joints are indicated by the
letters B.
C is a ferrule, one end of which is preferably formed with serrations D these
being so deep that the salient and re-entering angles are acute. The other end
of the ferrule is inserted in the socket E of its corresponding fitting and welded
or otherwise fastened therein. The serrated end of the ferrule encloses and
embraces the end of the tube A which is inserted therein and when adjusted,
fastened by mechanical electrical, or chemical means rigidly thereto.
By forming the joints of the frame in this manner a great increase of strength
and elasticity is obtained without any increase of weight.
In some cases instead of serrating the outer ends of the ferrules, I simply
taper the same to a feather edge, and fasten the whole together as before.
The internal surfaces of the ferrules or lugs and the external surfaces of the
tubes or rods as far as they come in contact with one another thus form part
of the frame and have deposited upon them either chemically electrically or
mechanically or by heat or all combined an amalgam of metals, or a pure metal
that has a fusing point below 600° Fahrenheit, so that when placed in position
and heated (when heat is required) union takes place, and more low temperature
metal may be applied to the joint without or with a suitable flux when this is
found necessary. An amalgam may be used, the mercury, sublimed or drawn off
by heat, leaving a solid metal joint; or a metal having a higher fusing point
but showing a great affinity for a low temperature metal used either to make the
internal tube and ferrule or to be deposited (Electrically or by any other process)
on the parts of tubes or rods and lugs or ferrules that come into contact; in
which case a low temperature metal with a fusing point under 600° Fahrenheit
or an amalgam may be used with or without flux and heat.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. A cycle or other frame having its joints constructed and fastened substantially
in the manner shewn and described.
2. In a cycle frame, a joint formed by inserting one end of a ferrule in the

page_text: corresponding socket of its fitting and forming the other end of the ferrule with
serrations, the end of the frame tube being inserted in the ferrule, and the whole
welded or otherwise attached together substantially as shewn and described.
3. In a cycle frame, a joint formed by inserting one end of a ferrule in the
corresponding socket of the fitting, and inserting the end of the frame tube
into the ferrule the whole being then welded or otherwise attached together
substantially as shewn and described.
4. In a joint for cycle frames, the combination of the tube A, the ferrule C,
and the socket E, arranged in such manner that the whole can be welded or
otherwise rigidly attached together, substantially as shewn and described.
5. The method of fastening the parts of a cycle frame together which consists
in interposing a a ferrule between the socket and the tube end, and combining
the whole together by means of amalgam alloy or pure metal having a lower
melting point than 600° Fahrenheit.
Dated this 22nd day of November 1897.
WILLIAM J. MUNDEN,
75 Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.