Improvements in the Manufacture of Coloured Marking Inks and Marking Ink Pencils.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Mar., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 11th Dec., 1893-Accepted, 13th Jan., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Coloured Marking Inks and
Marking Ink Pencils.
I, JAMES HICKISSON, trading under the style of John Bond's Crystal Palace
Marking Ink of 75 Southgate Road, Hackney, in the County of London, Marking
Ink Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:--
My invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of coloured marking
inks, and marking ink pencils, and consists essentially in manufacturing such
articles from what is known in commerce as "oil-anilines; the oil-anilines being
those which will only dissolve in oils, but refuse to do so in spirit or water.
But as
In carrying out my invention 1 reduce the oil aniline, which is usually sold in
the form of powder, or in lumps, to a liquid state by the admixture or incorporation
therewith of an oil, preferably castor oil, and afterwards add thereto turpentine,
or other suitable medium, so as to reduce the mixture to a proper consistency to
readily admit of its being used for writing or marking with a pen. To the mixture
thus composed I add a suitable mordant, or if preferred the mordant may be mixed
with the oil aniline prior to incorporating the same with the castor oil.
this mixture assumes a somewhat dull colour, I prefer to stain or enliven it by
adding thereto any suitable dye, according to the colour of the ink I desire to
produce. The above description refers to an ink in a liquid form,-but when using
oil-anilines to manufacture marking ink pencils or points, I combine therewith a
suitable binder or vehicle so as to bring the mass into a plastic condition that it
may be molded or formed into lengths or strips or into points to be introduced
into wooden holders, or used in pencil cases. I may also colour the plastic
mass, previously to its introduction into the wooden holder, with any suitable
aniline dye, and may at the same time mix in the mass the mordant or mordants
adapted to the several colours.
In the case of the liquid ink it is essential to add a small quantity of liquid
indiarubber, or gutta percha, or a portion of each, in addition to the usual
mordants, to prevent the ink running when used for marking purposes; and after
the same has been applied to the fabric the latter is exposed to heat or a hot iron
is held on the same to fix the colours.
When using the pencils or points made as above described the fabric to be
marked is previously damped or wetted with oil or grease, and, after marking the
fabric, it is exposed to heat, or a hot iron is likewise held on it.
All mordants should be colourless where they are to be rubbed onto the oiled
or greased fabric, and should of necessity be those to suit different colours and
as generally used by dyers; these mordants may be in a liquid or solid form as
occasion may require & may be composed of the ingredients described in the
Specification of my British Letters Patent No. 15320 of 1887. I may also use
a solid mordant constituted by an oily or greasy body mixed with gums, clays,
burnt borax, and rub it into the fabric before marking thereon, either with the
liquid ink, or with the point or pencil made as before stated.
Dated this 11th day of March 1893.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Coloured Marking Inks and
Marking Ink Pencils.
I, JAMES HICKISSON, trading under the style of John Bond's Crystal Palace
Marking Ink, of 75 Southgate Road, Hackney, in the County of London, Marking
Ink Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
drawings and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
My invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of coloured marking
inks and marking ink pencils, and consists essentially in manufacturing such articles
from what are known in commerce as "oil anilines," the oil anilines being those
which dissolve in oils, but refuse to do so in spirit or water.
In carrying out my invention I reduce the oil aniline, which is usually sold in the
form of powder, or in lumps, to a liquid state by the admixture or incorporation
therewith, of a suitable oil, preferably castor oil, and afterwards add thereto
turpentine, or other suitable medium, so as to thin out the mixture to a proper
consistency to aduit of its readily being used for writing or marking with a pen.
To the mixture thus composed I add say about 5 to 10 per cent. of a suitable
mordant, such as alum, or carbonate, stannate, or aluminate of soda, or a mixture
thereof, with the addition of a little cellulose, celluloid, or the like.
If preferred, the mordant may be mixed with the oil aniline prior to incorporating
the same with the castor oil. But as this mixture assumes a somewhat dull colour,
I prefer to stain or enliven it by adding thereto a suitable dye, according to the
colour of the ink I desire to produce.
It is essential to add a small quantity of india-rubber or gutta-percha solution,
or both, in addition to the usual mordants, to prevent the ink running when used
for marking purposes.
After the ink has been applied to the fabric, the latter is exposed to heat, or a
hot iron is held on the same, to fix the colours.
The above description refers to an ink in a liquid form, but when using oil
anilines for the manufacture of marking ink pencils, or points, I combine therewith
a suitable binder or vehicle, so as to bring the mass into a plastic condition that it
may be moulded or formed into lengths, or strips, or into points to be introduced
into wooden holders, or used in pencil cases. This binder may be composed of the
following materials in the proportions stated, or thereabouts, riz.:
Gum tragacanth
Kaolin or china clay
Borax -
1 part.
-
1 part.
part.
The two and a quarter parts of binder may be incorporated with three parts of
oil aniline. may also colour the plastic mass, previously to its introduction into
the wooden holder with any suitable aniline dye, and may, at the same time, mix
in the mass the mordant, or mordants, adapted to the several colours.
When using the pencils or points, made as above described, the fabric to be
marked is previously damped or wetted with oil or grease, and after marking the
fabric it is exposed to heat, or a hot iron is likewise held on it.
The mordants to be rubbed on to the oiled or greased fabric should be colourless.

page_text: for the binder, and incorporated with a suitable oil, or grease, and rub such solid
mordant onto the fabric before marking thereon, either with the liquid ink, or with
the point or pencil, made as before stated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The manufacture of coloured marking inks and marking ink pencils in which
oil anilines are employed to form or constitute their base, substantially as
described.
2. In the manufacture of coloured marking inks in which oil aniline forms the
base, reducing this oil aniline with castor oil or other suitable oil, and then thinning
the same with a suitable medium to render it fluid for writing purposes, and com-
bining therewith a suitable mordant or mordants, and adding thereto india-rubber
or gutta-percha solution, or both, substantially as described, the ink being stained
with a suitable dye to enliven its colour, when desired.
3. In the manufacture of marking ink pencils, in which oil aniline forms the base,
the combination with the oil aniline, or oil anilines, of a suitable binder or vehicle,
with or without the addition of aniline dye, and a mordant or mordants, thus pro-
ducing a plastic mass which can be formed into lengths or strips for introduction
into wooden holders, or into points for use in pencil cases, substantially as
described.
4. Coloured marking inks and marking ink pencils manufactured substantially as
herein before described, and in which the essential component is oil aniline.
Dated this 11th day of December 1893.
ERNEST DE PASS,
Chartered Patent Agent,
78, Fleet Street, London, and 6, Victoria Street, Nottingham,
Agent for the Applicant.