AN IMPROVED MANUFAC TURE OF ARTIFICIAL MANURE
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Shaw, of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Landscape Gardener, and Joseph Steinthal, of the
same place, Clerk, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED MANUFAC
TURE OF ARTIFICIAL MANURE."
Sealed the 22nd February 1854, and dated the 25th August 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Shaw' and
Joseph Steinthal at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 25th August 1853.
We, JOHN SHAW, of Mauchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Landscape Gardener, and JOSEPH STEINTHALL, of the same place,
Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for ". Ax
IMPROVED MANUFACTURE. OF ARTIFICIAL MANURE" to be as follows:-...
Our improved artificial manure consists of four "preparatives."
These four preparatives are composed of certain materials, the nature
of which, and their manner of conversion, is as follows:-
1. Urine is to be brought in contact with some small quantity
putrified" urine acid," and kept in motion, whereby the whole sub-
stance will ferment and putrify, and consequently be converted into
"carbonic acid ammoniac.".

page_text: 2. Human excrements are to be brought to putrefaction, and
through exposure to the air and a moderate heat the substance will
come to a certain dry state; all vegetable parts of it will thereby be
putrified, and all "sulphuric acid sal" be dissolved; and through a
covering with peat charcoal over the whole substance the evaporation
of the ammoniac and nitrogen will be prevented, whilst its watery parts
are allowed to escape.
3. Peat charcoal is to be obtained by the separation of all watery
parts from the bog ground, and the conversion of its vegetable parts to
coal by fire.
4. Animal substance, either of garbage from the slaughterhouses,
or from animals who perished through diseases or accidents, is to be
converted to a decomposed substance by means of a moderate heat and
fermentation. During this process the substance will be covered with
gypsum in order to imbibe the oily and nucilaginous parts, and co-
vered with charcoal in order to retain in the substance its carbon and
nitrogen.
5. Blood is to be brought into a state of putrifaction in order to
gain from the albumen and fibrin the greatest quantity of muriate of
potass.
6. Gypsum is to be calcined and reduced to a fine powder; its
functions on the ground will be to attract "carbonic acid ammoniac"
from the air, and to fix those manure properties which come with the
rain to the ground.
7. Lime is to be reduced to a fine powder by sprinkling it with
water which contains common salt or sulphuric acid ammoniac." The
functions of this lime powder will be to enrich the ground with car-
bonic, whilst its "caustic properties" have the qualification to dissolve
the humus acid," and to assimilate this solution with the fibres of the
roots or the germ of the seed.
8. Salt, either from rock or sea water, will be applied to saturate the
lime on account of its sulphite.
9. Moss ground, viz., the vegetable substances of bog land, is to be
brought to a state of decomposition through the influence of alkali and
the exposure to air; the substance converts thereby its gallic and tan-

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
op
filed by the said John Shaw and Joseph Steinthal in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 25th February 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc,
JOHN SHAW, of, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Landscape
Gardener, and JOSEPH STEINTHAL, of the same place, Clerk, send
greeting.
-
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
seventeenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto us, the said John Shaw and Joseph
Steinthal, Her especial licence that we, the said John Shaw and
Joseph Steinthal, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said John Shaw and Joseph Steinthal, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thercafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED
MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL MANURE," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said John Shaw and Joseph Steinthal, by an in-
strument in writing under our hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Shaw and Joseph
Steinthal, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is .to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement, that is to say:

page_text: "
Our improved artificial manure consists of four "preparatives."
These four "preparatives are composed of certain materials, the:
nature of which, and their manner of conversion, is as follows:-
1st. Urine is to be brought in contact with some small quantity of
putrified "urine acid," and kept in motion, whereby the whole sub-
stance will ferment and putrify, and consequently be converted into
"carbonic acid ammoniac."
2nd. Human excrements are to be brought to putrifaction, and
through exposure to the air and a moderate heat the substance will
come to a certain dry state; all vegetable parts of it will thereby be
putrified, and all sulphuric acid sal be dissolved, and through a cover-
ing with peat charcoal over the whole substance the evaporation of the
ammoniac and nitrogen will be prevented, whilst its watery parts are
allowed to escape.
3rd. Peat charcoal is to be obtained by the separation of all watery
parts from the bog ground, and the conversion of its vegetable parts to
coal by fire.
4th. Animal substance, either of garbage from the slaughterhouses,
or from animals who perished through diseases or accidents, is to be
converted to a decomposed substance by means of a moderate heat and
fermentation. During this process the substance will be covered with
gypsum in order to imbibe the oily and mucilaginous parts, and co-
vered with charcoal in order to retain in the substance its carbon and
nitrogen.
5th. Blood is to be brought into a state of putrifaction in order to
gain from its albumen and fibrin the greatest quantity of muriate of
potass.
-
6th. Gypsum is to be calcined.and reduced to a fine powder; its
functions on the ground will be.. to attract "carbonic acid ammoniac"
from the air, and to fix those manure properties which come with the
rain to the ground.
7th. Lime is to be reduced to a fine powder by sprinkling it with
water which contains common salt or sulphuric acid ammoniac. The
functions of this lime powder will be to enrich the ground with car-
bonic; whilst its "caustic properties" have the qualification to dissolve

page_text: the "humus acid," and to assimilate this solution with the fibres of the
roots or the germ of the seed.
8th. Salt, either from rock or sea water, will be applied to saturate:
the lime on account of its sulphite.
9th. Moss ground, viz., the vegetable substances of bog land, is to be
brought to a state of decomposition through the influence of alkali and
the exposure to air; the substance converts thereby its gallic and
tanning acid to. "humus" acid; and the remainder contains in the
shape of a dark colored substance carbon, ammoniac, and the elements
of water, which substance is generally termed "humus."
CONVERSION OR
ma
Town

page_text: These before-named four "preparatives" in the said proportions,
well mixed together, will produce our improved artificial manure in a
thick semi-fluid state, and contain everything that is essential to its
production.
For the sake of convenience in the application this manure will be
manufactured and sold in a solid, or semi-fluid, and a fluid state, which
changes in its shape or appearance will be produced by means of more
or less evaporation of its watery parts, and has nothing to do with the
"peculiar preparations" of the preparatives, and the peculiar proportions
of the preparatives in the said manure.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be practically effected, we would remark, in
conclusion, that we claim more particularly,―
First, the "peculiar preparations of the preparatives," so far as they
are new and peculiar; and,
Secondly, the "peculiur proportions of the preparatives," which are
the substantial and essential parts of the said improved artificial
manure.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Shaw and Joseph Steinthal,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, the Twenty-fourth day
of February, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hun-
dred and fifty-four.
JOHN SHAW.
(L.S.)
JOHN DAVIS,
JOSEPH STEINTHAL. (L.s.)
Agent to the Patentees,
Manchester.