IMPROVEMENTS IN PERAMBULATORS AND IN PERAMBULATOR AND OTHER WHEELS HAVING METAL SPOKES PART OF SUCH
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Aylward of Birmingham in the County of Warwick
Manufacturer for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN PERAMBULATORS AND
IN PERAMBULATOR AND OTHER WHEELS HAVING METAL SPOKES PART OF SUCH
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Aylward at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th July 1882.
JOHN AYLWARD, of Birmingham in the County of Warwick, manufacturer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PERAMBULATORS, AND IN PERAMBULATOR AND OTHER WHEELS
HAVING METAL SPOKES, PART OF SUCH LATTER IMPROVEMENTS BEING APPLICABLE
ALSO TO WHEELS GENERALLY
"
This invention relates, firstly, to the construction of reversible perambulators,
and, secondly, to the construction of wheels for perambulators and other purposes.
A reversible perain bulator constructed according to this invention consists as
follows: An under-frame is supported direct upon the springs of the carriage,
and the body-part of the perambulator, which is formed of the same shape at each
end, is fixed upon the under-frame. An externally coned boss or stud stands up
through the floor of the carriage from the centre of the under-frame, and a framing
constructed to carry the seat is carried (by means of an internally coned boss or
stud projecting from its under side) upon the coned boss or stud upon the under-
frame so as to be capable of revolving thereon in a horizontal plane. The middle
part of the seat-frame is well down within the body of the carriage and supports
the foot board which thus turns with the seat-frame. The end of the seat-frame
carrying the seat stands above the top of the carriage body, and this part of the
seat-frame, and also the seat, passes round above the side of the carriage body,
whilst being reversed. A pin passes down through the axis of the two coned studs,
aforesaid, and is screwed up by means of a nut to keep the cones properly together.
The said pin is square in the upper stud and turns therewith. A disc is fixed on
the lower end of the pin and a number of holes are formed in the periphery of the
disc. A small horizontal pin is mounted in guides underneath the under-frame

page_text: and is set up by means of a spiral spring so as to enter the holes in the disc as they
come opposite to it in turn during the revolution of the seat-frame. The horizontal
pin is held back, when it is desired to turn the seat-frame, by means of a cord
passing to the back of the perambulator or to the handles, but it is allowed to enter
a hole in the disc when the seat has been moved into any desired position.
The perambulator may be made convertible from a single to a double one, and
vice-versà, by forming the revolving seat framing double-ended, when a second
seat can be used or not as desired. In this case, and when not using the second
seat, it is preferred to place a movable foot-board at the opposite end of the carriage
to where the single seat is placed in order to give a neat appearance, and the
extreme end of that part of the seat-frame which carries the second seat should be
cranked down so as to be under the movable foot-board.
When my reversible perambulator arrangement is used for a bassinette peram-
bulator the bassinette is carried entirely by the framing revolving upon the under-
framing, the revolving framing in this case being of course shaped conveniently for
fixing the bassinette to.
My improvements in perambulator and other wheels having metal spokes, partly
applicable also to wheels generally, are described as follows: A cylindrical hole is
formed through the hub and is made of an enlarged diameter at each end thereof,
the enlarged parts of the said cylindrical hole being however partly closed in at
each end of the hub by an annular plate, solid around its outer periphery with the
hub, so as to reduce the diameter of the hole at the outside of the hub on each side
to less than its enlarged diameter but to leave it still greater than its diameter
through the main depth of the hub. An annular groove is thus left inside the hub
at each end for the reception of heads on the inner ends of the metal spokes. The
spokes are screwed into the rim and may be riveted in addition if desired. When
the spokes are placed in position, by threading them through holes in the hub
leaving the heads inside and screwing them into the rim and riveting also if
desired, each end of the hub is bored out so as to clean up to a common diameter
both the circle formed by the backs of the spoke heads and the inside edge of the
annular plate, aforesaid, at each end. A metal bush having a collar at one end
and lock nuts at the other end, both the collar and nuts being turned to the bored
diameter, aforesaid, of the hub at each end, is passed through the hub and screwed
up in place by means of the lock nuts which are provided with notches in their
edges so as to be turned by a pronged instrument, passing into the end of the hub.
When the bush is fixed in place the collar at one end, and the lock nuts at the
other, fill up the bored out parts at the ends of the hub to the outer face of the hub
on each side. The spokes being fixed in this manner at their inner ends and
screwed to the rim at their outer ends can neither yield inwards nor outwards, nor
turn round and thus become unscrewed, thus forming a wheel of very firm construc-
tion not at all liable to get out of truth. In the case of an outside wheel the hub
may, if desired, be closed at one end by a cap, and such cap may be constructed to
act in lieu of one of the lock nuts, aforesaid. In the case of the fracture of a spoke
the lock nuts can be taken off and the bush removed, when a new spoke can be put
in. The bush aforesaid is of course bored to turn upon the axle, and when the
hole therethrough is worn badly the bush may be readily removed and replaced,
and on this account the removable and renewable bush is advantageously applicable
also to wheels generally which turn loosely upon an axle.
In the case of a wheel having metal spokes and turning upon a solid axis, as for
instance the front wheel of a bicycle, rings or collars are inserted within the hub at
each end (in lieu of the bush with the collar, and nuts, aforesaid,) to form an abut-
ment for and to keep the spokes from turning. The other parts of the wheel are
constructed substantially as before described and the hub is made of large diameter
at each end to facilitate the replacement of spokes, as the axle cannot in this case
be readily removed.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent and
of an Order of the Lord Chancellor filed by the said John Aylward in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 5th February 1883.
JOHN AYLWARD of Birmingham in the County of Warwick Manufacturer'
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PERAMBULATORS, AND IN PERAMBULATOR AND OTHER WHEELS
HAVING METAL SPOKES PART OF SUCH LATTER IMPROVEMENTS BEING APPLICABLE
ALSO TO WHEELS GENERALLY
"2
This invention relates, firstly to the construction of reversible perambulator,
and secondly, to the construction of wheels for perambulators, and other
purposes.
A reversible perambulator constructed according to this Invention consists as
follows: An under frame is supported direct upon the springs of the carriage,
and the body part of the perambulator, which is formed of the same shape at each
end, is fixed upon the under-frame. An externally coned boss or stud stands up
through the floor of the carriage from the centre of the under-frame, and a framing
constructed to carry the seat is carried (by means of an internally coned boss or
stud projecting from its under-side) upon the coned boss or stud upon the
under-frame so as to be capable of revolving thereon in a horizontal plane. The
middle part of the seat frame is well down within the body of the carriage and
supports the footboard which thus turns with the seat frame-The end of the
seat frame, and also the seat, passes round above the side of the carriage body.
whilst being reversed. A pin passes down through the axis of the two coned
studs, aforesaid, and is screwed up by means of a nut to keep the cones properly
together. The said pin is square in the upper stud and turns therewith." A disc
is fixed on the lower end of the pin and a number of holes are formed in the
periphery of the disc-A small horizontal pin is mounted in guides underneath
the under-frame and is set up by means of a spiral spring so as to enter the holes.
in the disc as they come opposite to it in turn during the revolution of the seat
frame. The horizontal pin is held back, when it is desired to turn the seat frame
by means of a cord passing to the back of the perambulator or to the handles but
it is allowed to enter a hole in the disc when the seat has been moved into any
desired position.
:
The perambulator may be made convertible from a single to a double one, and
vice versa, by forming the revolving seat framing double-ended, when a second seat.
can be used or not as desired.
In this case, and when not using the second seat,
it is preferred to place a moveable foot-board at the opposite end of the carriage to
where the single seat is placed in order to give a neat appearance, and the extreme
end of that part of the seat-frame which carries the second seat should be cranked
down so as to be under the moveable foot-board.
When my reversible perambulator arrangement is used for a bassinette
perambulator the bassinette is carried entirely by the framing revolving upon the
underframing, the revolving framing in this case being of course shaped con-
veniently for fixing the bassinette to.
My improvements in perambulators and other Wheels having metal spokes, partly
applicable also to wheels generally are described as follows:-A cylindrical hole
is formed through the hub and is made of an enlarged diameter at each end
thereof, the enlarged parts of the said Cylindrical hole being however partly closed
in at each end of the hub by an annular plate, solid around its outer periphery
with the hub, so as to reduce the diameter of the whole at the outside of the hub.
on-each side to less than its enlarged diameter, but to leave it still greater than its

page_text: diameter through the main depths of the hub. An annular groove is thus left
inside the hub at each end for the reception of heads on the inner ends of the
metal spokes. The spokes are screwed into the rim and may be riveted in addition
if desired.
When the spokes are placed in position, by threading them through holes in the
hub leaving the heads inside and securing them into the rim and riveting also if
desired, each end of the hub is bored out so as to clean up to a common diameter
both the circle formed by the backs of the spoke heads and the inside edge of the
annular plate aforesaid, at each end. A metal bush having a collar at one end
and lock nuts at the other end, both the collar and nuts being turned to the bored
diameter aforesaid, of the hub at each end, is passed through the hub and screwed
up in place by means of the lock nuts which are provided with notches in their
edges so as to be turned by a pronged instrument passing into the end of the
hub When the bush is fixed in place the collar at one end and the lock nuts at
the other, fill up the bored out parts at the ends of the hub to the outer face of the
hub on each side. The spokes being fixed in this manner at their inner ends and
screwed to the rim at their outer ends can neither yield inwards or outwards nor
turn round and thus become unscrewed thus forming a wheel of very firm
construction not at all liable to get out of truth. In the case of an outside wheel
the hub may if desired be closed at one end by a Cap and such Cap may be
constructed to act in lieu of one of the lock nuts aforesaid. In the case of the
fracture of a spoke the lock nuts can be taken off and the bush removed when a
new spoke can be put in. The bush aforesaid is of course bored to turn upon the
axle and when the hole there through is worn badly the bush may be readily
removed and replaced and on this account the removable and renewable bush is
advantageously applicable also to wheels generally which turn loosely upon
an axle.
In the case of a wheel having metal spokes and turning upon a solid axis as for
instance the front wheel of a Bicycle rings or collars are inserted within the hub
at each end (in lieu of the bush with the Collar and nuts aforesaid) to form an
abutment for and to keep the spokes from turning The other parts of the wheel
are constructed substantially as before described and the hub is made of large
diameter at each end to facilitate the replacement of spokes as the axle cannot in
this case be readily removed.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer to
the accompanying drawing and to the letters of reference indicated thereon
The same letters of reference upon different figures indicate the same parts.
Fig 1 is a sectional elevation of a Perambulator with my improvements
Fig 2. is a section taken in a vertical plane through the centre of the conical
pivot showing that and the adjacent parts to a large scale
Fig 3 is a plan view of the foregoing
:
Fig: 4. is a section of my improved hub for perambulator and other wheels
Fig 5 is an end view of the foregoing
Fig: 6 is a general section in a vertical plane through the centre of my improved
wheel showing all parts in position
Fig 7 is an end view of the foregoing
Fig: 8 is a side elevation of the bush
Fig 9. is a section of one of the lock nuts.
Fig: 10 is a side view of the foregoing
Fig: 11 is a side view of the screw Cap
Fig: 12 is a section of the foregoing
Fig: 13. is a partial section showing my improvements as applied to a Bicycle Hub.
In Figs 1, 2 and 3 "A" is the "Carriage" supported on the underframe "6"
which rests on the ordinary springs of the perambulator. Passing up through the
floor of the carriage is an externally coned boss or stud "c" This is secured at
its lower end to the underframe "6" or is made in one piece with it. The

page_text: framing "d" which carries the seat "e" is secured to or made in one piece with
an internally coned boss "f" which fits on the coned stud "c" This allows the
frame "d" to which the seat "e" and footboard "g" is attached to move round in
a horizontal plane about the stud "c" as a pivot the sides "h" of the perambulator
together with the cover "j" and handle "k" all moving together with the seat.
"
The end of the seat frame "d" marked "d" stands above the top of the
carriage body "a" and this part of the seat frame and also the seat pass round
above the side of the body while being reversed A pin "" passes down through
the axis of the cones and is secured up by means of nut ""to keep the cones
together The said pin is square at "1" in the upper stud and turns therewith
A disc "m is fixed on the lower end of the pin "" and on the rim or periphery
of this disc are holes m³ A horizontal pin m³ is mounted in guides m³ underneath
the underframe and is set up by a special spring m³ so as to enter the holes in the
disc as they come opposite to it in turn during the revolution of the seat frame.
When it is desired to turn the frame the pin m³ is held back clear of the disc by
the cord m³
The perambulator may be made double ended by placing a second seat l¹as
shown by dotted lines the seat framing being made of suitable shape when this
is the case the foot board must be in the centre of the perambulator over the
pivot but when not using the second set it is preferred to place a moveable foot
board in the position shewn for neatness of appearance and in this case the part
of the seat frame which carries the second seat should be cranked down to be
under the moveable footboard.
When my reversible Perambulator arrangement is used for a Bassinette the
Basinette is carried entirely by the framing revolving upon the under framing
The revolving framing in this case being of course shaped conveniently for fixing
the Bassinette
Figs: 4 to 13 inclusive show my improvements in Perambulator and other Wheels
having metal spokes These improvements are also partly applicable to wheels
generally which revolve loosely upon axles.
A hub "N" has a cylindrical hole through it centrally lengthwise this hole is
made of enlarged diameter at the ends as shown at n¹ n' this enlarged part is
partly closed at the ends by the annular plates n' n² the holes at the ends being
smaller than the enlarged parts but larger than the contral hole An annular
groove is thus left at each end of the hub In each rim of these grooves are boles
n³ ³ for the spokes o. o which are screwed and rivetted in or rivetted only the
rivetted heads o¹ being in the annular grooves as shown. Each end of the hub
with the spokes thus rivetted is bored out so as to make the diameter inside the
rivet heads the same as that of the holes in the annular plates A metal bush "
"P"
having a collar pl at one end and screwed at the other is provided at the screwed
end with two lock nuts "qq" The diameter of the collar p¹ and that of the lock
nuts is the same as the internal diameter of the circle of the rivetted ends of the
spokes "o The lock nuts "qq" have notches q¹ for screwing up by means of a
forked tool fitting them When the bush p is fixed in place the collar p' at one
end and the lock nuts q q. at the other fill up the bored out part sat the end of
the hub n. to the outer face of the hub at each side
"
་་
The spokes being fixed in this manner at the inner ends and screwed to the rim
at the outer ends can neither yield inwards nor outwards nor turn round and
come unscrewed thus forming a wheel of very firm construction. In the case of
an outside wheel a cap "g" figs 11 and 12 may be substituted for the outer
lock nut
"
In case a spoke breaks the lock nuts q q can be taken off and the bush p removed
and a new spoke put in
The bush p is of course bored to turn upon the axle and when the hole there
through is worn badly the bush may be readily removed and replaced and on this
account the renewable and renewable bush is advantageously applicable also to
wheels generally which turn loosely on an axle,
•

page_text: In the case of a wheel having metal spokes and turning upon a solid axis as for
instance the front wheel of a Bicycle a ring or rings or collars "8" fig. 13 are
inserted within the hub at each end (in lieu of the bush with the collar and nuts
aforesaid) to form an abutment forward to keep the spokes from turning-The
other parts of the wheels are constructed substantially as before described and the
hub is made of large diameter at each end to facilitate the replacement of spokes
as the axle cannot in this case be readily removed.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature and object of my
said Invention and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect I declare that the Improvements which I claim as comprehended in my
said Invention and which I desire may be secured to me by Letters Patent are
First. In a revolving or reversible Perambulator the combination of the central
conical stud and conical boss fitting thereon together with the disc with holes and
pin with spiral spring and cord as described.
-Second. In a revolving perambulator the rotating movement of the seat or
seats and sides and upper parts above the lower part of the carriage as described.
Third In a wheel revolving loosely on an axis the construction and combina-
tion of hub bush and other parts as described particularly the bearing of the
collars or their equivalents against the rivetted heads of the spokes applicable to
wheels for perambulators and such other wheels having metal spokes.
In witness whereof I the said John Aylward have hereunto set my hand and
seal this third day of February in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty three.