Improvements in the Manufacture of Steel and in Apparatus Connected therewith.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 9th June, 1887
Complete Left, 11th Nov., 1887
Complete Accepted, 3rd Feb., 1888
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Steel and in Apparatus
Connected therewith.
I, WILLIAM JUKES of 44 Milton Street West Gorton, Manchester in the County
of Lancaster, Iron and Brass Founder, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
My improvements relate to the manufacture of steel and apparatus connected
therewith and has for its objects to produce a quality of steel, which is denser, does
not require any annealing after leaving the moulds, and is more suitable for commercial
and engineering purposes, than heretofore. has been the case.
The improvements consist in arranging one ог more cupolas for melting pig-iron
in connection with a receiver, in such a manner,
that the receiver can be used
alternately for one or more of the cupolas.
The molten pig-iron is conducted to the receiver down an incline on which is formed
a perforated receptacle, from where the iron is blown, while melting into the receiver,
as in the Bessemer converter, only in smaller quantities.
The pressure of blast required for such purpose is much less than ordinarily, & the
iron when refined can be retained in the receiver until required, and is kept hot by the
blast constantly passing over it.
The receiver is tapped in the ordinary way into a ladle.
The latter is weighed when the exact quantity of Ferro-manganese, Spiegel iron, and
other alloys can be added, and will make steel castings soft and require no annealing
after leaving the moulds.
For large castings up to 10 tons, 2 or more of the cupolas can be used at the
same time.
The metal is run from the ladle into moulds for billets, slabs, or ingots, also into
black foundry sand, used in the ordinary way in boxes.
Dated this 7th day of June 1887.
F. BOSSHARDT & Co.,
Agents to Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Steel and in Apparatus
Connected therewith.
I, WILLIAM JUKES, of 44 Milton Street West Gorton, Manchester in the County
of Lancaster, Iron and Brass Founder, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be, particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of steel, and in apparatus
connected therewith and has for its objects to produce a quality of steel, which is
denser, does not require any annealing after leaving the moulds, and is more suitable
for commercial and engineering purposes, than heretofore has been the case.
And in order that my invention may be better understood I have caused to be
appended hereunto one sheet of drawings marked with letters of reference, similar
letters indicating like parts throughout the various figures.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation partly in section, and Fig. 2 a vertical section at line x-x
showing my improvements.
In carrying out my invention I arrange one or more, for instance two, cupolas A for
melting pig-iron, in connection with a receiver B, in such a manner that the receiver B
can be used alternately for one or more of the cupolas A, by stopping the connection
to the respective cupola A, the receiver B being arranged between the cupolas A, and
the top thereof brought into connection with the receiver B in the ordinary way by
means of exhaust pipes ().
Instead of arranging the cupolas as described, the same may be arranged all on one
side of the receiver B. The molten pig-iron, partly blown, is conducted from the
bottom of the cupola or cupolas A, to the receiver B, down an incline and channel a
onto a perforated receptacle or bridge b, formed in the receiver B on or below the
said incline or channel a of the cupola or cupolas A.
The said receptacle or bridge b is formed with a suitable number of holes, similar to
the bottom of a Bessemer converter, and below furnished with an air chamber b¹ into
which a blast of air is conducted by means of a pipe 6³.
The said receptacle or bridge b is so formed as to leave an open space on each side
thereof & the sides or walls of the receiver B.
The metal in a hot & molten state runs from the cupola or cupolas A respectively
down its incline or channel a and onto the perforated receptacle or bridge & formed in
the receiver B, where it is struck and acted upon by the blast of air passing through
the perforations of the said receptacle or bridge b, which causes the hot molten metal
to assume the form of a spray thus blowing it in its infancy.
During the time the metal is acted upon it gets decarbonized, and freed from any
impurities, similar as in the Bessemer converter, only in smaller quantities and thus
with a better result, the metal afterwards dropping through the open space d into the
well of the receiver B.

page_text: The blast for the melting chamber or chambers a¹ of the cupola or cupolas A may be
produced and admitted to the same in any suitable manner, and the blast for the
perforated receptacle or bridge b, in the receiver, either from below or the side of the
same or in any other manner which causes the blast to pass through the perforations
of the receptacle or bridge b, so as to strike and act upon the metal already partly
blown, in its infancy on running in a molten state from the cupola or cupolas A onto
the said receptacle or bridge b, before forming a solid body in the receiver B. The
pressure of blast required for the perforated receptacle or bridge b is much less than is
the case in the Bessemer converter, and the refined metal can be retained hot in the
receiver B until required, by constantly passing the hot blast of air over it.
The receiver B, which as usual is provided with a door D, is tapped in the ordinary
way into a ladle.
The latter is weighed, when the exact quantity of Ferro-manganese Spiegel-iron,
and other alloys can be added, and will make steel castings soft, and require no
annealing, after leaving the moulds.
For large castings up to 10 tons two or more of the cupolas can be used at the
same time.
The metal is run from the ladle into moulds for billets, slabs, or ingots, also into
black foundry sand, used in the ordinary way in boxes.
By suitably obstructing the passage of the molten metal to the perforations of the
receptacle or bridge b, the cupola or cupolas A and receiver B, may be used for
foundry purposes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim, is-
1st. In the manufacture of steel, causing the metal partly blown in the cupola or
cupolas A, on flowing from the same, to be struck by a blast of air, suitably introduced,
thus blowing the metal in its infancy, before forming a solid body in the receiver,
substantially as set forth.
2nd. In apparatus for the manufacture of steel, the combination of one or more
cupolas A with a receiver B, containing a perforated receptacle or bridge b, which
serves to receive the metal flowing from the cupola or cupolas A, for the purpose of
being exposed to and struck by a blast of air, substantially as and for the purpose
specified.
Dated 10th day of November 1887.