IMPROVEMENTS IN METAL PLANING MACHINES
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Harry Olrick, of Leadenhall Street, in the City of
London, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN METAL PLANING MACHINES."
A communication from abroad by John H. Greenwood, of Columbus, Ohio,
United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Harry Olrick at the Office
"IMPROVEMENTS
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd November 1880.
HARRY OLRICK, of Leadenhall Street, in the City of London.
IN METAL PLANING MACHINES." [A communication from abroad by John H.
Greenwood, of Columbus Ohio, United States of America.] -
The chief object of this Invention is to provide an adjustable and convertible
chuck which shall greatly facilitate the planing of curved surfaces, either convex
or concave, while being equally applicable to the planing of angled and straight
surfaces.
In carrying the said Invention into practice I attach to the reciprocating bed of
a planing machine a rotary rocking chuck, which holds the work and carries it
under the planing tool, giving it at each point of its progress the proper inclination
to insure its being planed, either in a convex or concave curve, or on a plane or
angled surface, as may be required, the action of the chuck being controlled by an
adjustable guide bar, whose angle with the bed plate can be regulated at pleasure,
and governs the movements of the work relatively to the tool, so that the particular
effect desired shall be produced by the horizontal movement of the planer in combi-
nation with the movement or fixed position of the chuck, all as hereinafter more
specifically set forth.
To the reciprocating bed plate is attached by bolts a base plate, to the centre of
which is pivoted a circular plate so as to be capable of turning upon it. This plate
is clamped to the base plate by bolts and nuts, the bolts passing into segmental
slots, and the nuts bearing against shoulders on the lower edges of said slots in the
base plate. It results froin this construction that the chuck can be turned hori-
zontally a quarter revolution on the traversing bed plate, and the work can be
Dovine Cl

page_text: presented to the tool at any angle within the limit indicated to the line of cross
feed of the machine. The chuck is provided with a movable jaw, between which
and the side the work is clamped by means of set screws and an adjusting screw.
The set screws pass through long slots in the bottom of the work holder and
enter clamp nuts, by which they fix the jaw in position. The adjusting screw
passes through a travelling nut, on the upper side of which is a circular plate or
cap fitting into a circular recess in the bottom of the jaw. Said jaw has two slots,
through which pass screws which enter a circular plate. When the screws are
loosened the jaw can be turned horizontally on the cap of a nut as a centre so as
to adapt itself readily, to the angle of the work it is designed to hold, and hold it 1
firmly however irregular its form.
The chuck is hung-in its frame by bolts or pivots, and rocks on said pivots as the
bed reciprocates. To equalize the strain on both sides of the chuck while rocking
in its frame the rear end of the frame on each side is provided with a toothed
segmental rack, into which mesh two pinions, attached at either end of a shaft 1
turning in the rear of the vibrating work holder.
A cross head is pivotted to the chuck; it slides on a long guide bar which
vibrates on a fulcrum at the top of a bracket attached to the side of the planing
machine frame. The fulcrum is equal in height to the axis of the chuck. Near
the rear end of the guide bar and inside of the side frame is a slotted graduated
arc, to which the guide bar can be clamped at any desired angle by means of a
clamp screw. The position of the guide bar relatively to this arc regulates the
radius of the curve which is to be reproduced in the work.
If the rear end of the bar is above a horizontal line drawn through the axis of
the chuck and fulcrum the curve of the work will be concave; if below, the curve
will be convex, and the radius of the curve in either case will depend upon the
amount of the obliquity of the bar to said horizontal line, being longest when
the obliquity is least and shortest when the obliquity is greatest.
The planing tool is attached to a sliding head which traverses on a dovetail on
the face of a cross bar. The sliding bed moves longitudinally on ways on the bed
plate of the machine.
There is a curved slot in the side of the chuck frame, through which a clamp
screw passes into the side of the work holder, for the purpose of fixing the work
holder at any desired angle with the horizontal, to plane work at any incline.
By detaching the cross head, and thus disconnecting the chuck and bar, or by
setting the bar parallel with the bed, the machine will operate as an ordinary flat
planer. By raising the chuck in its basó to any required angle (which may be
done by means of the clamp screws and slotted arcs in the side of the chuck frame),
the machine will plane the desired incline.
The work is all done in this machine by the cross feed instead of by vertical
movement, as in other machines for curved work.
The horizontal rotary adjustment of the chuck enables the machine to plane
angle work on lines oblique to the line of cross feed of the machine on either side.

page_text: plate on the nut c. When the screws S, S, and a, a, are loosened, the jaw I¹ can
be turned horizontally on the cap of the nut o as a centre, so as to adapt itself
readily to the angle of the object it is designed to hold, and to hold the said
object firmly however irregular may be its form.
The chuck is hung in its frame M by bolts or pivots A and rocks on the said t
pivots as the bed K reciprocates. To equalize the strain on both sides of the chuck
while rocking in its frame, the rear end of this frame on each sido is provided
with a toothed segmental rack U¹ into which are geared two pinions T', attached
at either end of a shaft turning in the rear of the vibrating work-holder.
A cross head J is pivoted to the chuck at V (Figure 1.) It slides on a long 1
guide bar C, D, which vibrates on a fulcrum T at the top of a bracket B attached
to the side of the planing machine frame, as shown in Figure 1. The fulcrum T
is equal in height to the axis or pivot A of the chuck. Near the rear end D of the
guide-bar C, D, and inside of the side-frame N is a slotted graduated are E to
which the said guide-bar C, D, can be clamped at any desired angle by means of 1
a clamp-screw U. The position of the guide-bar C, D, relatively to this arc
regulates the radius of the curve which is to be reproduced in the work. If the
rear end D of the bar is above a horizontal line drawn through the axis or pivot A
and the fulcrum T the curve of the work will be concave; if below, the curve
will be convex, and the radius of the curve in either case will depend upon the
degree of obliquity of the bar to the said horizontal line the radius being longest
when the obliquity is least, and shortest when the obliquity is greatest.
O is the planing tool attached to a sliding head Q, which travels on a dovetail
formed on the face of the cross bar P. The sliding bed K moves longitudinally on
ways formed on the bed-plate L of the machine.
G (Figure 2), is a curved slot in the side of the chuck-frame M, through which
slot a clamp-screw F passes into the side I of the work-holder for the purpose of
fixing the work holder at any desired angle to a horizontal line to plane work at
any inclination.
The operation of this Invention will be readily understood. The tool O being
fixed and the bar C, D, clamped to the arc E at the line to give the radius of the
desired curve, the work H is clamped in the chuck, and reciprocating motion is
imparted to the sliding bed K, which carries the chuck with it. The cross-head J,
slides up and down on the rod C, D, and imparts a rocking motion to the chuck
and the work which is thus planed in the arc of a circle either concave or convex,
and of the predetermined radius.
By detaching the cross-head J, and thus disconnecting the chuck and bar, or by
setting the bar parallel with the bed of the machine the said machine will operate
as an ordinary flat planing machine. By raising the chuck in its frame M to any
required angle (which may be done by means of the clamp-screws and slotted arcs
in the side of the chuck-frame), the machine will plano at the desired inclination or
angle.
The work is all performed in this machine by the cross-feed instead of by a
vertical movement as in other machines for curved work.
The horizontal rotary adjustment of the chuck enables the machine to plane
angular work on lines oblique to the line of cross-feed of the machine on either
side.
For cutting slots in solid bars to form links for the link-motion of locomotive
and other engines, I sometimes modify the arrangement of the aforesaid chuck so
that the jaw swings in a horizontal instead of in a vertical plane, the guide bar
being pivotted in this case to swinging a horizontal plane.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent and the manner of performing the same, I wish it understood
that I claim,-
First. A metal-planing machine provided with a fixed planing tool capable of
horizontal and vertical adjustment, a longitudinally-reciprocating bed, a work-
holder, rocking in a longitudinal vertical plane, and capable of a circular horizontal

page_text: adjustment, and adjusting and guiding mechanism for controlling the movement of
the work relatively to the tool, all constructed, combined, and operating substantially
as above set forth, and for the purpose specified.
Second. In a metal-planing machine the combination of the sliding bed K, the
rocking chuck, the tool O, the cross-head J, the bar C, D, the arc E, and the clamp-
screw U, all constructed, arranged, and operating substantially as above set forth
and for the purposes specified.
Third. In a metal-planing machine the curve-cutting mechanism operated by
the longitudinal movement of the chuck, substantially in the manner above
described.
Fourth. In a metal-planing machine the combination with a rocking rotary
chuck, of the pivoted slide or cross-head J, the adjustable guide-bar C, D, and the
graduated arc E, for the purpose of enabling the machine to place convex or concavo
curves of any desired radius, and also straight work when necessary, all substantially
as above described.
Fifth. In a metal planing-machine the combination with the frame of the
rocking rotary chuck, of one or more slotted graduated arcs, provided with
clamping mechanism to set the chuck at any desired angle, to plane inclined work,
as above described.
Sixth. The combination in a metal planing-machine of a fixed tool, a bed-plate,
having a rectilinear motion in a horizontal plano, and a chuck having a rocking
motion in a vertical plane, all as above set forth and for the purposes specified.
Seventh. In a planing machine chuck, the combination with the reciprocating
bed-plate K, of the base-plate W, the rotating bottom plate Y, and the chuck-
framo M, all as above set forth and for the purpose specified.
Eighth. The combination of the segmental racks U', U', on the side-frames M,
with the toothed pinions T¹, fixed on the ends of a shaft turning in boxes at the
rear of the vibrating work-holder, as above described.
Ninth. In a planing machine chuck, the jaw 1', the set-screws S, S, the adjusting
screw R, the nut c provided with a circular cap, the screws a, a, and the curved
slots b, b, in the bottom of the jaw I', all constructed, arranged, and operating as
above set forth, and for the purpose specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Harry Olrick, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Second day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty one.
HARRY OLRICK. (L.S.)