Improvements in Apparatus for Heating Oylinders and Parts of Hydraulic Machinery by the Aid of Electricity.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Jan., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 15th Oct., 1894-Accepted, 17th Nov., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Heating Oylinders and Parts of
Hydraulic Machinery by the Aid of Electricity.
We, WILLIAM LAWRENCE WILLIAMS of 50 Argyll Road, Kensington,
London, W., Civil Engineer, and WALTER THOMAS GOOLDEN, of 1 Woodfield
Road, Harrow Road, London W. Electrical Engineer, and HENRY WILLOOK
RAVENSHAW of 32 Albany Road, Ealing Dean, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the heating of cylinders or parts of hydraulic machinery
by the aid of electricity to prevent the freezing of the liquid used therewith, and
consists of arrangements of the conductors of any electric current, whereby either
the heat generated in such conductors is prevented from radiating to the outer
atmosphere, and is communicated by conduction to the metal cylinders or casings
containing water or other liquid of hydraulic machinery; or of arrangements of
the conductors of such an electric current disposed about the metal cylinders and
casings of hydraulic machinery, so that the said metal cylinders or casings are
internally heated by hysteresis, and eddy currents, caused therein by the action of
the electric current in the said conductors.
Where the electric current available for the above purpose is a continuous
current, the conducting wire must be arranged of such a section, according to the
current, that it shall offer a sufficient resistance to the said current to cause the
heating of the conductor to a moderate amount. As it is convenient that such
conductor should be insulated throughout its length in the usual manner, the rise of
temperature in the said conductor should not be sufficient to destroy the said
insulation, and it is found that a rise of temperature, much below that point, is
amply sufficient to warm the cylinders, pipes, or casings, containing liquid in
hydraulic machinery, to prevent the said liquid from becoming frozen.
The arrangement of the conducting wire in this case about the cylinders pipes or
casings, may be either circumferential, arranged up and down in the longitudinal
axis of the said cylinders, or casings, or in any convenient manner, so that the
conductor lies close to the surface of the said cylinders, pipes or casings.
The conductor is then protected from the radiation of its heat to the external
atmosphere, by a lagging or covering of any suitable non-conductor of heat.
Where an alternating current of electricity is available for the purpose, the
conducting wire should not be so reduced in section, as in the former case, to
produce a specific heating of the said conductor; but the conductor should be
arranged circumferentially about the said iron cylinders, pipes or casings, so as to
magnetise the substance of the said iron, thus causing heating in the substance of
the said metal cores, by hysteresis and eddy currents, in consequence of the
alternation of the surrounding currents in the said conductor.
It is found that if a moderate current of electricity be allowed to flow through
insulated conductors, arranged in either of the above ways about cylinders, pipes or
casings of hydraulic machinery, sufficient heat is generated to prevent the liquid
contained within those casings, from becoming frozen, even when the machinery is
at rest.
Dated this 15th day of January 1894.
:

page_text: Improvements in Apparatus for Heating Cylinders and Parts of
Hydraulic Machinery by the Aid of Electricity.
ני
We, WILLIAM LAWRENCE WILLIAMS of 50 Argyll Road, Kensington, London,
Civil Engineer, WALTER THOMAS GOOLDEN, of 1 Woodfield Road, Harrow Road,
London, W.
Electrical Engineer, and HENRY WILLOCK RAVENSHAW of
32 Albany Road, Ealing Dean, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of our invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to the heating of cylinders or parts of hydraulic machinery
by the aid of electricity to prevent the freezing of the liquid used therewith and
consists of arrangements of the conductors of any electric current whereby either
the heat generated in such conductors is prevented from radiating to the outer
atmosphere and is communicated by conduction to the metal cylinders or casings
containing water or other liquid of hydraulic machinery: or of arrangements of the
conductors of such an electric current disposed about the metal cylinders and
casings of hydraulic machinery so that the said metal cylinders or casings are
internally heated by hysteresis and eddy currents caused therein by the action of
the electric current in the said conductors.
Where the electric current available for the above purpose is a continuous
current, the conducting wire must be arranged of such a section according to the
current, that it shall offer a sufficient resistance to the said current to cause the
heating of the conductor to a moderate amount. As it is convenient that such
conductor should be insulated throughout its length in the usual manner, the rise of
temperature in the said conductor should not be sufficient to destroy the said
insulation, and it is found that a rise of temperature much below that point is
amply sufficient to warm the cylinders pipes or casings containing liquid in
hydraulic machinery to prevent the said liquid from becoming frozen.
The arrangement of the conducting wires in this case about the cylinders pipes
or casings may be either circumferential, arranged up and down in the longitudinal
axis of the said cylinders or casings or in any convenient manner so that the
conductor lies close to the surface of the said cylinders, pipes or casings.
The conductor is then protected from the radiation of its heat to the external
atmosphere by a lagging or covering of any suitable non conductor of heat.
Where an alternating current of electricity is available for the purpose, the
conducting wire should not be so reduced in section, as in the former case, to
produce a specific heating of the said conductor; but the conductor should be
arranged circumferentially about the said iron cylinders, pipes or casings so as to
magnetise the substance of the said iron, thus causing heating in the substance of
the said metal cores, by hysteresis and eddy currents, in consequence of the
alternation of the surrounding currents in the said conductor.
It is found that if a moderate current of electricity be allowed to flow through
insulated conductors, arranged in either of the above ways about cylinders, pipes or
casings of hydraulic machinery, sufficient heat is generated to prevent the liquid
contained within those casings from becoming frozen in cold weather even when the
machinery is at rest.
In order that our invention may be the better understood we will now proceed to
describe the same in relation to the drawing hereunto annexed, reference being had
to the letters and figures marked thereon.
The drawing illustrates our invention carried out in connection with a hydraulic
cylinder and pipes upon a crane.

page_text: Upon the crane framework A is mounted the hydraulic cylinder B having a
ram C working therein, the lower end of the cylinder terminating as usual with a
gland D. The water supply pipe E is shown connected to the upper end of the
cylinder B.
Around the pipe E, cylinder B, and gland D, the insulated wire conductor F is...
wound, and it is found in practice that it is desirable to increase the heating effect
at the lower end of the cylinder B adjacent to the stuffing box and at the gland D
by winding a larger number of turns of conductor F, because the liquid freezes
more readily at that part in consequence of the heat extracted through the ram or
piston rod C. The ends of the conductor F, are coupled with the electric mains
carrying an electric current.
In the case where a continuous current is used, it is desirable to cover the
conductor F with a coating G of non conductor of heat to retard the transmission
of heat outwards to the surrounding atmosphere. This nonconducting coating G is
shown in section in the drawing.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
1st. An apparatus for heating cylinders and parts of hydraulic machinery
consisting of the combination of an electric conductor with the parts containing the
fluid adapted so that the passage of the electric current in the said conductor
generates heat in the said parts containing the liquid.
2nd. In such an apparatus as claimed in Claim 1 the combination of an electric
conductor, adapted to carry a continuous current, with the parts containing the
fluid, arranged so that the heat generated in the conductor by the passage of the
current shall be transmitted by conduction to the parts containing the liquid
substantially as described.
3rd. In such an apparatus as claimed in Claim 1 the combination of a conductor
adapted to carry an alternating current of electricity in combination with the parts
of the apparatus formed of magnetic material containing the fluid, the electric
conductor being arranged upon, the said parts of magnetic material, so that the
alternating current produces a heating effect in the said parts of magnetic material
by the production of hysteresis and eddy currents within the said magnetic
material, substantially as described.
4th. The construction and arrangement of apparatus for heating cylinders and
parts of hydraulic machinery substantially as described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
1
1004
FELL & WILDING,
1, Queen Victoria Street, E.C., Agents for Applicants.