IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ERATING LIQUIDS
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Knight, of Foster Lane, in the City of
London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ERATING
LIQUIDS."
Sealed the 25th February 1859, and dated the 27th August 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Knight at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th August 1858.
I, RICHARD KNIGHT, of Foster Lane, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
ERATING LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for ærating
liquids. For these purposes the upper vessel and apparatus in which the
liquids are ærated are similar to what are described in the Specification of my
former Letters Patent, but the construction and arrangement of the lower
vessel, in which the gas is obtained, are varied, by which the first cost of the
apparatus is reduced, and the use of apparatus is rendered more convenient.
The lower vessel is made or cast in two parts, by preference, of metal, tin,
and soldered together, there being an inclined shelf formed or produced on the
interior, which (excepting near the front) forms a partition, which divides
the vessel into two compartments, there being an opening near the front
between the two compartments. In the lower vessel there are formed two

page_text: openings, which are, when in use, closed by screw plugs, and it is by means
of these two openings, when the apparatus is placed in a horizontal position,
that the materials for producing the gas are introduced. It is preferred that
both the vessels of which the apparatus is composed should be formed with
spherical or rounded ends.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Knight in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
26th February 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
KNIGHT, of Foster Lane, in the City of London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Richard Knight, Her special licence that I, the said Richard
Knight, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Richard Knight, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR AERATING LIQUIDS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Richard Knight, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
"
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Knight, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the follow-
ing statement thereof, that is to say:→
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for aerating
liquids. For these purposes the upper vessel and apparatus in which the
iquids are areated are similar to what are described in the Specification of

page_text: my former Letters Patent, but the construction and arrangement of the lower
vessel in which the gas is obtained are varied, by which the first cost of the
apparatus is reduced, and the use of apparatus is rendered more convenient.
The lower vessel is made or cast in two parts, by preference of metal, tin, and
soldered together, there being an inclined shelf formed or produced on the
interior, which (excepting near the front) forms a partition, which divides the
vessel into two compartments, there being an opening near the front between
the two compartments. In the lower vessel there are formed two openings,
which are, when in use, closed by screw plugs, and it is by means of these
two openings, when the apparatus is placed in a horizontal position, that the
materials for producing the gas are introduced. It is preferred that both
the vessels of which the apparatus is composed should be formed with spherical
or rounded ends.
And in order that my said Invention may be most fully understood and
readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto
annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a side elevation, and Figure 2 is a vertical section, of an
apparatus constructed according to my Invention. a is the lower vessel of
the apparatus, and 6 is the upper vessel of the same. I prefer to make them
of tin, each vessel being cast in two parts, which are afterwards soldered
together. The positions of the soldered joints are shown by the lines 1, 1,
2, 2, 3, 3, in Figure 2. The lower vessel a contains an inclined partition a',
which is connected with the sides of the vessel all round, except at the
opening a², as is shown; c and d are apertures into the vessel a, for intro-
ducing water and the materials employed for generating carbonic acid gas;
e is a perforated metal plate, to prevent any of the materials in the vessel a
passing up into the pipe f; g is another perforated plate employed for the
same purpose; it is fitted into the plug h, which is soldered into the top of
the vessel a before the vessel is fixed to it. This plug h has a screw. formed
on its upper end for receiving a socket on the pipe f, which passes nearly to
the top of the vessel b, and then again descends, by which arrangement the
gas is delivered into the water in the vessel b, nearly at the bottom of the
vessel, and the passage of water from the upper vessel to the lower one is
prevented, even should the valve i in the plug h not fit with perfect accuracy.
This valve i is constantly pressed towards its seat by a spring, but which is
overcome by the gas as it forces its way from the vessel a to the vessel b.
jis a plug at the top of the vessel b, by which it is supplied with water, and k

page_text: On the vessel b trunnions are
The apparatus is used in the
is a stop-cock for drawing off the water for use.
formed, which rest on the side frames 1, 1.
following manner :-The plug j at the top of the vessel b is removed, and the
quantity of water which it is desired to aerate is poured in; the plug is then
replaced, and the apparatus placed in the position shown by the red lines in
Figure 2. The plugs are then removed from the apertures c and d in the
vessel a, and into the space below the partition a' the carbonate of soda and
tartaric acid, or other materials employed for generating the gas, are placed,
and a sufficient quantity of water or other liquid into the space above the
partition a; the apertures c and d are then closed, and the apparatus
brought back to its original position. The water or other liquid in the space
over the partition then descends, by the opening a, amongst the gas-generating
materials, and the gas is immediately set free, and commences to pass up into
the vessel b, and the liberation of the gas and its absorption are facilitated by
rocking the apparatus on its trunnions. When the operation is complete, the
apparatus is fixed in its stand by a bolt m, which is passed through a hole m
at the bottom of the vessel a¹.
Figure 3 is a side elevation, and Figure 4 is a vertical section, of another
apparatus constructed according to my Invention. This form is suitable for
apparatus of comparatively small size. It is mounted on a foot in place of on
rockers, but in other respects it is so similar in its construction and use to that
already described, that no detailed description of it is necessary.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Knight, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
Witness,
S. CARPMAEL.
RICHARD KNIGHT. (L.S.)