MAKING BARS FOR SASH WINDOWS, OF COPPER, IRON, OR ANY MIXED METAL CONTAINING COPPER; ALSO METAL ORNAMENTS FOR MOULDINGS FOR GRATES AND FENDERS, AND ORNAMENTED METAL BORDERS FOR TEA WAITERS, TRAYS, AND BOTTLE STANDS; LIKEWISE HORSE SHOES AND CURTAIN RODS OF IRON, WHICH WILL BE OF GREAT PUBLICK UTILITY
Year: 1783

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, WILLIAM
PLAYFAIR, of Howland Street, in the Parish of Saint Pancrass and County of
Middlesex, Engineer, sends greeting.
WHEREAS the said William Playfair, did, by his Petition, humbly repre-
sent unto His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, that he had,
by long study, and at great expence, invented a new method of "MAKING
BARS FOR SASH WINDOWS, OF COPPER, IRON, OR ANY MIXED METAL CONTAINING
COPPER; ALSO METAL ORNAMENTS FOR MOULDINGS FOR GRATES AND FENDERS, AND
ORNAMENTED METAL BORDERS FOR TEA WAITERS, TRAYS, AND BOTTLE STANDS;
LIKEWISE HORSE SHOES AND CURTAIN RODS OF IRON, WHICH WILL BE OF GREAT
PUBLICK UTILITY;" the said Petitioner thereby prayed His said Majesty to grant
unto him, the said William Playfair, his executors, administrators, and assigns,
His Majesty's Royal Letters Patent for the sole making and vending of the said
articles for the term of fourteen years, according to the form of the Statute
in that caso made and provided; and His said Majesty, being pleased to con-
descend to his request, did, by His Royal Letters Patent, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-fourth day of May, in the twenty-third year of
His reign, give and grant unto the said William Playfair, his executors,
administrators, and assigns, especial licence, full power, sole priviledge and
authority, that he, the said William Playfair, his executors, administrators, and
assigns, by himself and themselves, or by his and their deputy or deputies
servants or agents, or such others as he, the said William Playfair, his

page_text: executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
of years therein expressed; should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend his said Invention within that part of His said Majesty's Kingdom
of Great Britain called England, His Dominion of Wales, and Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in His Colonies and Plantations abroad, in
such manner as to him, the said William Playfair, his executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or any of them, should in his or their direction seem meet,
and that he, the said- William Playfair, his executors, administrators, and
assigns, should and lawfully might have and enjoy the whole profit, benefit,
commodity, and advantage from time to time coming, growing, accruing, and
arising by reason of the said Invention, for and during the term of years
therein mentioned, to have, hold, exercise, and enjoy the said licence, powers,
priviledges, and advantages therein-before granted or mentioned to be granted
unto the said William Playfair, his executors, administrators, and assigns,
for and during and unto the full end and term of fourteen years from the
date of the said Letters Patent next and immediately ensuing, and fully
to be compleat, and ended, according to the Statute in that case made and
provided; in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that if the
said William Playfair should not particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of his said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, by an instrument in writing under his hand and seal, and cause
the same to be inrolled in the High Court. of Chancery within four calender
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent, and
all liberties and advantages whatsoever thereby granted should utterly cease,
determine, and become void, anything therein-before contained to the contrary
thereof in anywise notwithstanding, as in and by the said Letters Patent,
relation being thereunto had, may.more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that the said William Playfair, in pursuance of the
said recited proviso, doth, by this Instrument in writing, under his hand and
seal, particularly describe and. ascertain the nature of his said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, in manner and form following,
(that is to say):-
The principle upon which the said Invention and method of making window
bars, metal ornaments, and mouldings for grates and fenders, ornament metal
borders for tea waiters, trays and bottle stands, likewise horse-shoes and
curtain rods, is founded, is this, that by forcing a piece of metal intended to
be made into window bars, ornament mouldings, ornamented border, horse-
shoes, or curtain rods, to pass through a cavity or hole formed by one or more

page_text: instruments or tools of steel or other metal fit for the purpose, which cavity or
hole shall be less in area than the transverse section of the piece of metal so
forced to pass through the said cavity or hole, the said piece of metal during its
said passage shall acquire a breadth, thickness, form, and impression corres-
pondent to but the reverse of the surface of the said cavity or hole, which said
form or impression shall be continued through the whole length of thickness,
form, and impression correspondent to but the reverse of the surface of the said
cavity or hole, which said form or impression shall be continued through the
whole length of the said piece of metal so forced to pass through the said cavity
or hole. Thus, if the transverse area of the said cavity or hole be a rectangle,
the transverse area of the said cavity or hole be a rectangle the transverse
section of the said piece of metal, after its said passage, will also be rectangular,
and nearly of the same dimensions as the transverse area of the said cavity. or
hole; and if the transverse area of the said cavity or hole be defined by curve
lines or indentations, then also will the transverse section of the said piece of
metal, after its said passage, be defined by curve lines or indentations, but so
that the convex lines and salient angular indentations of the said piece
of metal so passed through, or of the transverse section of the said piece of
metal, shall respectively correspond and coincide with the concave lines, and
entring angular indentations of the area of the said cavity or hole.
This principle may be applied to the making of windows' bars, ornaments
and mouldings for grates and fenders, ornamented borders for tea waiters, tray
and bottle stands, horse-shoes and curtain rods, by means of different instru-
ments or tools, of which two are described in manner following:-One of
these said instruments or tools consists of two rollers or cylinders of steel,
iron, or other matter fit for the purpose, mounted in a frame, as is represented
in the first and second Figures annexed.
The first Figure represents the side view of a pair of rowlers or cylinders
marked A, A, and moving upon the axes B, B, which pass through the
frame C, C, and are held together by means of that frame and screws D, D;
these rollers having groves, hollows, or other impressions, as before specified,
made in their surfaces or in the surface of one of them. On the axes are fixed
pinions with teeth, so that one of the rollers being made to turn, by being con-
nected with a water mill or other power, the other roller shall be turned round
also.
The second Figure is an end view of the same machine, wherein the same
letters refer to the same parts of the machine. If the ornaments for grates
and fenders be required to be plain, as thin flat plates of silver, or other
metal silvered or covered with silver, then no impression is to be made on the

page_text: rollers or cylenders between which the said plates of silver, or other metal
silvered or covered with silver, is to be passed; but the said silver, or other
metal silvered or covered with silver, is to be passed through or between a pair
of plain rollers, and thus brought to the proper thickness for covering, and
thereby ornamenting the jambs and other parts of grates, and also fenders; or
the jambs and other parts of grates and fenders may be made of the pieces of
metal so covered and ornamented with silver, and thus rolled to a proper
thickness.
The second instrument or tool with which the above-mentioned principal
may be applied to give certain determinate forms to window barr ornaments
and mouldings for grates and fenders, ornamented borders for tea waiters,
trays, and bottle stands, and curtain rods, consists of a plate or of steel, or other
metal fit for the purpose, in which a hole is cut of such dimensions and form
as are required for the intended window bar ornament, moulding border, or
curtain rod, the said plate being firmly fixed in a proper frame or otherwise.
The piece of metal intended to be made into window bar ornament, moulding,
ornamented border, or curtain rod, is to be drawn by a force applied for that
purpose through the said hole, by which means it carries the intended form
and dimensions along its whole length. Instead of one plate of steel or other
metal through which the hole is made there may be two or more plates of
steel or other metal so shaped, and placed together as to leave a hole or cavity,
through which pieces of metal may be drawn, as aforesaid, for window bars,
ornaments, mouldings, borders, and curtain rods.
A tool or instrument of this kind is represented by the third Figure annexed,
in which Figure A represents the piece of metal to be made into a window bar,
ornament, moulding border, or curtain rod, by being drawn through a hole in
the plate P by means of the plyars B, which take fast hold of the said piece of
metal, and of the rope R, to which the plyers are fastened, and of the barrel C,
round which the rope is wound, the said barrel being turned round by the
wheel W,
mounted on the same axis as the said barrel, which wheel is moved
by the pinion, whose teeth work in the teeth of the said wheel, which pinion is
made to turn round by a man or other power applied to the handles or spokes
fixed upon the said axis, as the said pinion. E is a plank of wood, on which
the above-described machinery is fixed.
The fourth Figure represents a front view of the plate P with its hole or
cavity. Horse shoes are made in the manner following:-In the circular
surface of a roller a grove is cut, of such dimensions as may admit, when the
roller is mounted in its proper frame along with another plain roller, as is
described above (and represented by the first and second. Figures), a piece of

page_text: iron to enter into and pass through it of the proper size to be bent and made
into a horse-shoe. In this grove one or more eminencies project, which give
to the said piece of iron intended to be made into a horse-shoe while it passes
along the said grove and between the two rollers, the impression of the
channel or channels of the horse-shoe, in which channels the heads of the nails
used for fastening the horse-shoe to the horse's foot are lodged; the said piece
of iron thus brought by rolling to the proper thickness and size, and impressed
with the said channels is then to be bent into the form of a horsc-shoe.
And whereas the common method of bending horse-shoes is by striking
them with a hammer upon an anvil, or beak of an anvil or beak iron, till they
come into the proper form. The method of bending the said horse-shoe,
invented by the said William Playfair, and hereby specified, is practised in the
following manner, and represented in the first Figure annexed, where A, B,
represents the piece of iron intended to be made into a horse-shoe after it has
received its proper thickness and impression of channels by being made to pass
through the rolers, as aforesaid, and D represents a pair of tongs grasping the
end A of the said piece of iron, and pressing. it firmly against the side of a
fixed body made of cast iron or other body C, so shaped that when the piece of
iron A, B, is bent round its edge the said piece of iron A, B, shall acquire the
proper form of a horse-shoe. And this bending is effected by means of another
pair of tongs F, which grasp the end B of the piece of iron A, B, and being
moved by a man or otherwise in the direction E, E, E, will bring along and
end and bend the piece of iron A, B, till the said piece of iron A, B, shall
coincide with the curved edge of the fixed body C, and thereby shall acquire
its proper form, or instead of the tongs D, the end A of the piece of iron A, B,
may be kept fixed during the bending by means of a fixed point, fulcrum, or
other contrivance at A; and instead of drawing the other end B by means of
the tongs F, the said piece of iron A, B, may be made to correspond to the
curvature of the body C by being pressed with sufficient force upon its convex
surface by some body made to move along the said convex surface, and in a
direction parallel to or concentrick with the curvature of the body C; and in
general the above Drawings and descriptions do only represent and give
such methods as are found to be good by the experience of the said William
Playfair; but the variations of machinery and apparatus by which the said
principles may be applied and the Invention imitated are without number.
In witness whercof, I, the said William Playfair, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Nineteenth day of September, One thousand
seven hundred and eighty-three.
WILLIAM (L.S.) PLAYFAIR.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBRED, that on the Nineteenth day of September,
in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid William Playfair came before our
said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in the form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stampt according to
the tenor of the Statute in that case made and provided.
Inrolled the Twenty-second day of September, One thousand seven
hundred and eighty-three.