IMPROVEMENTS IN RECEPTACLES AND VEHICLES AND IN THE FITTINGS THEREOF FOR THE STORAGE AND TRANSPORT OF DAIRY PRODUCE, PROVISIONS, AND OTHER COMMODITIES OR GOODS OF A PERISHABLE NATURE, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE STORAGE OF OTHER ARTICLES GENERALLY
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Wilson, of North Audley Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN RECEPTACLES
AND VEHICLES AND IN THE FITTINGS THEREOF FOR THE STORAGE AND
TRANSPORT OF DAIRY PRODUCE, PROVISIONS, AND OTHER COMMODITIES OR
GOODS OF A PERISHABLE NATURE, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO
APPLICABLE TO THE STORAGE OF OTHER ARTICLES GENERALLY."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Wilson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th June 1881.
James Wilson, of North Audley Street, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RECEPTACLES AND VEHICLES AND IN THE FITTINGS THEREOF
FOR THE STORAGE AND TRANSPORT OF DAIRY PRODUCE, PROVISIONS, AND OTHER
COMMODITIES OR GOODS OF A PERISHABLE NATURE, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVE-
MENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE STORAGE OF OTHER ARTICLES GENERALLY."
This Invention relates chiefly to the internal arrangement and fittings of
receptacles, boxes, or cases, intended more especially though not exclusively for
holding vessels containing milk, cream, or other liquids, and requiring a vertical
position, whilst at the same time affording greater facilities for securely packing
large quantities of such vessels in a comparatively small space, and admitting of
more easy access for the purpose of packing and unpacking the vessels, and for
easily and thoroughly cleansing the interior of the said boxes or cases.
When the said box or case is required for maintaining liquids, such as milk,
cream, dairy produce, and other goods or provisions of a perishable nature in a
cold or refrigerated condition, in order to ensure their preservation a separate
receptacle for containing ice or a refrigerating mixture is fixed in the interior
thereof. This receptacle with its contents may be dropped in through a trap door
in the roof, or otherwise introduced into the box or case, from the top of which it
may be suspended by projections on the upper edge of the box or case, or be
D31

page_text: otherwise maintained in a convenient position, so as if required to be casily filled
"in situ" with ice or a refrigerating mixture, or taken out for that purpose and
replaced again or removed entirely when (as in cold weather) it may not be
required for refrigerating purposes, thus enabling the space to be otherwise
occupied.
The aforesaid receptacle for ice or refrigerating mixture is so constructed that
the air throughout the box or case has free access to the ice or refrigerating
mixture, and a pipe is provided at the bottom to allow of the water produced by
the melting of the ice to flow off. This pipe is trapped at the lower end to prevent
the air from passing into the box or case from the outside.
In the interior of the box or case any number of sliding vertical frames are
placed in an upright position, and so arranged as to be easily and quickly drawn
out in a horizontal direction to any required extent for the purpose of being loaded
or unloaded, and also of being removed when necessary to allow of the interior of
the box or case being readily cleansed. These sliding vertical frames may be fitted
or formed with guides, rails, or grooves, but by preference with rollers to run on
rails on the bottom and guides on the top of the box or case.
When the doors of the box or case are made to open in two hinged parts, one
part to fall down and the other part to lift up, the rails at the bottom of the box or
case may be continued on to the inside of the lower door, and the guide on the
top of the box or case may be continued on to the inside of the upper door, so as
to allow of the sliding vertical frames being casily drawn out horizontally to a
sufficient distance to be readily loaded or unloaded without tipping or being
otherwise impeded.
When the doors open in a different manner than as aforesaid rails may be fixed
at the bottom and guides at the top of the sliding vertical frames by knuckle joint
hinges or otherwise, so as to allow of their being drawn out to the desired extent
for the purposes aforesaid. These rails and guides pay be so arranged as to fold
out of the way on to the end of the sliding vertical frames, so as to allow of the
doors of the box or case being easily closed.
The box or case may be divided into any number of stories or compartments,
one above another of the same or different heights, in which arrangement separate
sliding vertical frames or sets thereof may be used corresponding in height with
that of each story or division, and so made as to slide or roll upon transverse or
otherwise disposed guides fixed at the bottom and top of such divisions or stories,
allowing the frames to act in the saine manner as described when the box or caso
is not divided into different tiers or stories. If desired the said sliding vertical
frames may be provided with horizontal shelves at any required heights, and
drawn out in the same manner as aforesaid.
When the box or case is required to hold conical or other shaped vessels or bottles
and the like, whether filled with liquid or empty, the sliding vertical frames are
provided with suitable holders (by preference spring clips) disposed in convenient
positions to grip the upper or tapered ends or necks of such vessels or bottles, and
inaintain them securely in an upright position in any number of rows or tiers in
each frame.
The lower or wider portion of the conical shaped vessels may be fitted into V or
other suitably shaped guides attached to the sliding vertical frames for the purpose
of better steadying and preventing actual contact between the several vessels. I
prefer to employ for containing milk cream and similar liquids, vessels or receptacles
of glass, porcelain, or metal, of a conical shape with reversed conical necks, the said
vessels being closed by a convenient lid or cover connected to a loop surrounding
or otherwise attached to the neck of the vessel in such a manner that the said lid
or cover can be securely closed, and without being liable to full off can be easily
removed or detached when required.
By providing the sliding vertical frames with ordinary or other hooks, articles of
provision or other commodities or goods may be suspended therefrom.
The said box or case may be mounted on wheels for the better transport of liquids

page_text: without the risk of spillage, and also for the transport of other produce and articles,
and for ensuring their better condition when delivered.
The hereinbefore described spring clips and sliding vertical frames are capable of
receiving and holding in a safe manner the vessels above referred to, bottles and
other articles of different sizes, the clips being so shaped as to open and receive the
separate vessels or articles by the mere act of pushing such vessels or articles
between them, and to readily release the same when the vessels or articles are
pulled out. I prefer to arrange the spring clips and V or other shaped guides in
such a manner on the several sliding vertical frames as to accomodate the larger
portions or bases of the vessels or articles opposite to the narrower portions of the
same in the adjoining frame or frames, thereby greatly economising space.
The herein before described arrangement of vertically disposed frames sliding
horizontally in and out of a box or case is also obviously applicable to cupboards,
wardrobes, and such like receptacles of any required height and depth, whereby
not only is a more convenient and ready ineaus of access afforded to any one or
more of the articles or goods suspended to or otherwise carried by such frames but
a considerable economy of spaco is effected.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Wilson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 17th December
1881.
JAMES WILSON, of North Audley Street, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RECEPTACLES AND VEHICLES AND IN THE FITTINGS THEREOF
FOR THE STORAGE AND TRANSPORT OF DAIRY PRODUCE, PROVISIONS, AND OTHER
COMMODITIES OR GOODS OF A PERISHABLE NATURE, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVE-
MENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE STORAGE OF OTHER ARTICLES GENERALLY."
My said Invention relates chiefly to the internal arrangements and fittings of
receptacles, boxes, or cases intended moro especially, though not exclusively, for
holding vessels containing milk, cream, or other liquids, and requiring a vertical
position, whilst at the same time affording greater facilities for securely packing
large quantities of such vessels in a comparatively small space, and admitting of
more easy access for the purpose of packing and unpacking the vessels, and for
easily and thoroughly cleansing the interior of the said boxes or cases.
When the said box or case is required for maintaining liquids, such, for example,
as milk, cream, dairy produce, and other goods or provisions of a perishable naturo,
in a cold or refrigerated condition, in order to ensure their preservation a separate
receptacle for containing ice or a refrigerating mixture is fixed in the interior
thereof. This receptacle with its contents may be dropped in through a trap door
in the roof or otherwise introduced into the box or case, from the top of which it
may be suspended by projections on the upper edge of the box or case, or be
otherwise maintained in a convenient position, so as if required to be easily filled
in "situ" with ice or a refrigerating mixture, or taken out for that purpose and
replaced again or removed entirely when (as in cold weather) it may not be required
for refrigerating purposes, thus enabling the space to be otherwise occupied.
The aforesaid receptacle for ice or refrigerating mixture is so constructed that
the air throughout the box or case has free access to the ice or refrigerating
mixture, and a pipe is provided at the bottom to allow of the water produced by
the melting of the ice to drain off. This pipe is trapped at the lower end to prevent
the air from passing into the box or case from the outside.
In the interior of the box or case any number of sliding vertical frames are
placed in an upright position, and so arranged as to be easily and quickly drawn
out in a horizontal direction to any required extent for the purpose of being loaded
and unloaded, and also of being removed when necessary to allow of the interior of
the box or case being readily cleansed.
These sliding vertical frames may be fitted or formed with guides, rails, or
grooves, but by preference with rollers to run on rails on the bottom and guides on
the top of the box or caso.
When the doors of the box or case are made to open in two hinged parts, one
part to fall down and the other part to lift up, the rails at the bottom of the box
or case may be continued on to the inside of the lower door, and the guide on
the top of the box or case may be continued on to the inside of the upper door so
as to allow of the sliding vertical frames being easily drawn out horizontally to n
sufficient distance to be readily loaded or unloaded without tipping or being
otherwise impeded.
When the doors open in a different manner than as aforesaid rails may be fixed
at the bottom and guides at the top of the sliding vertical frames by knuckle
joints, hinges, or otherwise, so as to allow of their being drawn out to the desired
extent for the purposes aforesaid. These rails and guides may be so arranged as

page_text: to fold out of the way onto the end of the sliding vertical frames so as to allow of
the doors of the box or case being easily closed.
The box or case may be divided into any number of stories or compartments,
one above another, of the same or different heights, in which arrangement separate
sliding vertical frames or sets thereof may be used corresponding in height with
that of each storey or division, and so mado as to slido or roll upon longitudinally
or otherwise disposed guides fixed at the bottom and top of such divisions or
stories, allowing the frames to act in the same manner as described when the box
or case is not divided into different tiers or stories. If desired the said sliding
vertical frames may be provided with horizontal shells at any required heights,
and drawn out in the same manner as aforesaid,
When the box or case is required to hold conical or other shaped vessels or
bottles and the like, whether filled with liquid or empty, the sliding vertical frames
are provided with suitable holders (by preference spring clips) disposed in con-
venient positions to grip the upper or tapered ends or necks of such vessels or
bottles, and maintain them securely in an upright position in any number of rows
or tiers in each frame.
The lower or wider portion of the conical shaped vessels may be fitted into √ or
other suitably shaped guides attached to the sliding vertical frames for the purpose
of better steadying and preventing actual contact between the several vessels. I
prefer to employ for containing milk, cream, and similar liquids vessels or recep-
tacles of glass, porcelain, or metal of conical shape with reversed conical necks,
the said vessels being closed by a convenient lid or cover hooked to a loop on a
band surrounding the neck of the vessel in such a manner that the said lid or
cover can be securely closed without being liable to fall off, whilst it can be easily
removed or detached when required. By providing the sliding vertical frames
with ordinary or other hooks articles of provision or other commodities or goods
may be suspended therefrom.
The said box or caso may be mounted on wheels for the better transport of
liquids without the risk of spillage, and also for the transport of other produce
and articles and for ensuring their better condition when delivered, a small wheel
mounted on a spring lever behind being employed for preventing the vehicle from
tipping backwards beyond a desired angle and avoiding or diminishing the shock
resulting therefrom.
The herein before described spring clips and sliding vertical frames are capable of
receiving and holding in a safe manner the vessels above referred to and bottles
and other articles of different sizes, the clips being so shaped as to open and receive
the separate vessels or articles by the merc act of pushing such vessels or articles
between them and to readily release the same when the vessels or articles are
pulled out. I prefer to arrange the spring clips and V or other shaped guides
when the latter are used in such a manner on the several sliding vertical frames
as to accomodate the larger portions or bases of the vessels or articles opposite to
the narrower portions of the same in the adjoining frame or frames, thereby greatly
economizing space.
The herein before described arrangement of vertically disposed frames sliding
horizontally in and out of a box or case is also obviously applicable to cupboards,
wardrobes, and such like receptacles of any required height and depth, whereby
not only is a more convenient and ready means of access afforded to any one or
more of the articles or goods suspended to or otherwise carried by such frames but
a considerable economy of space is effected.
In those cases where it may be found inconvenient to employ sliding frames, as
above described, then I propose to adopt fixed vertical frames, each provided with
one or more slides fitted with the necessary clips, hooks, or other appliances for
holding the vessels, articles, or goods herein before mentioned.
And in order that any said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall refer to
the several Figures on the explanatory Shoet of Drawings hereunto annexed,

page_text: the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in all the corresponding
Figures.
Figure 1 of the Drawings is a side elevation of a dairy produce delivery truck
mounted upon wheels (by preference bicycle or spider wheels on account of their
lightness and smooth running) and fitted up internally according to my said
Invention; Figure 2 is an elevation of the back of the truck (one half of the doors
only being shown in the Drawing); Figure 3 is an elevation of the front of the
same (without the doors); Figure 4 is a longitudinal vertical section taken along
the line 1-2 in Figure 2; Figures 5, 6, and 7 show the arrangement of doors opening
down the centre, Figure 6 showing also the application of separate slides in a fixed
vertical frame for carrying the necessary clips, hooks, or other appliances for
holding the vessels, articles, or goods to be stored or carried; Figures 8, 9, and 10
arc details of the ice receptacle; Figure 11 is a detail plan of the gutters for
carrying off the ice water from the ice receptacle; Figures 12, 13, 14, and 15 are
details of the spring clip for holding the conical vessels and also of rings for
receiving the said vessels in an inverted position for the purpose of being drained;
Figure 16 shows an arrangement of receptacle or case, which in addition to the
internal arrangements shown in connection with the dairy produce delivery truck
at Figures 2, 3, and 4, is fitted up with special tanks for containing in bulk
large quantities of milk or other liquids and delivering the same in any desired
quantities.
A is the body of a truck adapted for hand propulsion mounted on bicycle or
spider wheels a, a; b is the propelling handle; c is the small wheel at the rear for
the purpose of preventing the vehicle from tipping backwards beyond a desired
angle and avoiding or diminishing the shock resulting therefrom; it is fixed in a
forked arm d, pivotted at e, and connected at f with a spring fastened firmly to the
underside of the truck. g (Figure 2) is the forin of door which I prefer to use for
the back of the truck; is the ice receptacle (shown in details at Figures 8, 9,
and 10), the front of which is closed and the back and sides made open of wire
work or otherwise; i (Figure 11) are gutters underneath the ice receptacle for
carrying off the drainage down the pipe lc to the outside. The bottom of this pipe /
is syphon shaped or otherwise trapped to prevent the external air from gaining
access to the interior of the ice receptacle. The bottom of the said receptacle is
also made open or like a grating. L, L, are removeable shelvos or frames of wire
work fitted up in any convenient order or arrangement inside the truck, vehicle, or
case for holding provisions or other produce. The ice receptacle is detachable at m
for cleaning, and the ice is introduced therein through the trap door n (Figures 1.
and 4).
(Figure 4) is a partition which separates the compartment containing
the vertical sliding frames from the part fitted up for containing the provisions
and other produce, the said partition being of open work so as to ensure freo
circulation throughout the case of the air round the ice receptacle. The front part
of the truck is closed by the doors 2, p. 9 are the sliding vertical frames for
carrying the vessels in a vertical position, these frames being of open work for the
purpose before mentioned. On the inside of the roof of the case are the fixed
guides which are continued on the inside of the door p, as shown; on the floor
of the case and on the inside of the lower door p' are rails 7, and by the aid of the
rollers s in the sliding vertical frames they can be easily slid in or out upon the
said rails. Stops are provided on the fixed guides (on the inside of the door p),
and pieces of metal 2' are fastened on the sliding frames to prevent them from
being drawn out too far. t are the clips for containing or holding the vessels. One
of these clips is shown detached at Figure 12. Figure 13 shows in clevation and
plan the conical vessel B placed in the said clip, these clips are made smaller at the
top than at the bottom, and so bevelled as to hold firmly and steadily the conical
shaped vessels, and can be permanently fixed upon the sliding frames q; or they
may be fixed upon separate slides u in the said frames, such slides u being made to
draw out to any distance required to receive or deliver the vessels, in which latter
case the frames g may if desired be fixed and not sliding. In order to readily gain

page_text: access to the interior of the truck or receptacle, and at the same time to keep the
propelling handle at a convenient height, the handle is connected by the links a¹
to the hinges v, and to maintain the handle stationary or fixed when propelling
the truck a catch w engaging with the said handle is provided, fastened by a pin
between the two doors.
Figures 14 and 15 show an arrangement of metal ring or holder used for holding
the vessels in an inverted position when required to be drained, those rings or
holders may be fastened onto the frames q or onto the slides u in the same manner
as the clips hereinbefore mentioned.
Figure 15a shows the kind of vessel and lid or cover for the same, which I
prefer to employ for the carriago and delivery of milk, cream, and other liquids.
It is of conical form with a conical or expanding neck, and composed by preferenco
of glass, porcelain, or glazed ware for cleanliness. The lid or cover shown detached
fits inside the conical neck, and is provided with a hook at 1 for connecting it to
the loop 2 on a wire or other metal band surrounding the narrowest part of the
neck. When attached the lid is beld tightly closed by a hinged hook shaped
catch 3, on withdrawing which the lid will spring open slightly and can then bo
turned back fully and detached by unhooking it from the loop 2. By this means,
although the lid is kept securely in its place and is not liable to fall off when in
use, it can be easily removed or detached entirely when the vessel is to be cleaned.
The hook on the lid enables it to be hung onto the ring which receives the inverted
vessel when being drained, as before described, thus preventing the lids from being
lost or mislaid.
The case or receptacle, Figure 16, may be mounted on wheels, and adapted for
transport by horse or other power. x, x, x, x, are four tanks for containing the
liquid, provided with tight covers and floats to prevent splashing or undue agitation,
and with regulating draw off taps. These tanks are so enclosed within the case or
receptacle as to expose only the draw off taps, thereby protecting the tanks from
the influence of the outer atmosphere. The tanks may be disposed at the sides,
as in Figure 16, or in any other more convenient place within the said case or
receptacle.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the samo is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original,
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the hereinbefore in part
recited Letters Patent is,-
First. The peculiar combination and arrangement of the internal fittings of
receptacles or cases, whether mounted or not upon wheels intended for the transport
or storage of dairy produce, provisions, and other commodities or goods of a
perishable nature, or for the storage of other articles generally, whereby greater storage
accommodation is obtained in a given space, a inore ready access is afforded for the
removal and replacing of the goods, and all parts of the interior of the said receptacle
are rendered easily accessible for the thorough cleansing of the same, as hereinbefore
described.
Secondly. The combination with the said receptacles or cases, when fitted up
internally as specified for the reception of dairy produce or other provisions or goods
of a perishable nature, of an inner receptacle for containing ice, or a refrigerating
mixture specially arranged, so as to afford easy access of air in the main receptacle
to the ice, and provided with suitable collecting gutters and a trapped pipe to allow
of the water from the melting ice to drain off whilst excluding the external air,
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by my Drawings.
Thirdly. The combination with the aforesaid receptacles or casos, whether
mounted on wheels so as to form a delivery truck or vehicle, or used without
wheels as a storage case or receptacle, of sliding, vertical, or upright frames
disposed side by side, and carrying suitable hooks, spring clips, or other holders, or
provided with shelves for supporting or holding the goods to be stored, and so
arranged as to be readily pushed and drawn in or out of the receptacle along

page_text: suitable guide rails, in combination or not with rollers, substantially as and for the
purpose herein before described and illustrated by my Drawings.
Fourthly. Extending the aforesaid guide rails for the upright sliding frames
along the inner surfaces of the upper and lower halves or flaps of horizontally
hinged doors at either or both ends of the said receptacles or cases, as and for the
purpose herein before described and illustrated by my Drawings.
Fifthly. The combination with the aforesaid receptacles or cases, when fitted
with vertically hinged doors, of guide rails, knuckle jointed to the top and bottom of
the receptacle or case, and made to fold against tho ends of the upright or vertical
sliding frames when the doors are closed, and to open out or form extended guide
rails or supports whon the doors are opened, as specified.
Sixthly. The combination with the aforesaid receptacles of stationary vertical or
upright frames disposed side by side, provided with horizontal slides therein,
carrying hooks, clips, or other holders for goods, substantially as and for the
purpose herein before described and illustrated by my Drawings.
Seventhly. The application and use in connection with the aforesaid receptacles
or cases of the arrangement of spring clips and rings for gripping or holding in an
upright position or in an inverted position for drainage conical shaped vessels of
various sizes adapted for containing milk, cream, or other liquids, substantially as
hereinbefore described and illustrated by my Drawings.
Eighthly. The combination of the aforesaid spring clips and rings with vertical
sliding frames, or with horizontal slides in stationary upright frames disposed side
by side in stationary or travelling receptacles or cases, substantially as and for the
purpose hereinbefore described and illustrated by my Drawings.
Ninthly. The combination with the herein before described arrangement of
internal fittings of receptacles or cases of covered tanks intended for carrying milk
or other liquids in bulk, substantially as hercinbefore described.
Tenthily. The application of the aforesaid vertical sliding frames fitted with
convenient books or holders, or of vertical stationary frames provided with
horizontal slides carrying conveniont hooks or holders to wardrobes, cupboards, and
other like receptacles for the storage of articles generally, whereby convenient
access is afforded to the contents of such receptacles, substantially as herein before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Wilson, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Seventeenth day of Decembor, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
JAMES WILSON. (1.s.)