Improvements in the Manufacture of Ears for Buckets and Analogous Articles and in Machinery or Appliances for Employment in such Manufacture, such Improvements being Applicable or in. Part Applicable for Analogous Purposes, such as for Forming ' the Flattened Out Ends of Handles for Fixture to Fry-pans, Water Cans, and such like Articles.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Apr., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Jan., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 23rd Feb., 1889.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Ears for Buckets and Analogous
Articles and in Machinery or Appliances for Employment in
such Manufacture, such Improvements being Applicable or in.
Part Applicable for Analogous Purposes, such as for Forming
' the Flattened Out Ends of Handles for Fixture to Fry-pans,
Water Cans, and such like Articles.
I, WILLIAM LEE, trading as The Gospel Oak Iron and Galvanized Iron and Wire
Company, of Tho Mitre Works, Wolverhampton in the County of Stafford, manu-
facturer of galvanized iron and general galvanized goods, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:
This invention has for its main object to economize labour in the manufacture of
ears for buckets and analogous articles and ensure uniformity in their size and shape,
by an improved method of manufacture and the employment of improved mechanism
or appliances.
According to this invention, the bar from which the ears are to be formed is heated
at its end in the usual manner, but instead of being flattened out by hammering,
in the ordinary manner, to form the part of the intended ear which is to be riveted
to a bucket or analogous article it is flattened out by a sideway rolling process, for
which purpose a pair of rolling dies is carried on projecting ends of spindles so that
any required length of the bar can be entered between the rolls while it is itself
held in position parallel with the axis of the rolls. The rolling dies are, preferably,
geared and operated so as to reciprocate instead of revolve continuously, and the
end of the bar is flattened out by being passed sideways backwards and forwards
several times between the reciprocating dies. The spindle of one of the dies may be
provided with a short arm connected by means of a rod with a crank or excentric on
a revolving spindle driven by suitable gear from any suitable motor, and each
reciprocating die spindle is provided with a spur wheel by which the spindles are
geared to reciprocate together in opposite directions of rotation. The bar with the
flattened out end is removed from the rolling dies to setting and shaping dies, which
[Price8d1

page_text: give the necessary crank or set and curvature to the partially formed ear and produce
an initial sinking at the part where the hole for the reception of the handle end is
desired to be formed. The ear is next sheared off from the end of the bar by means'
of tools which cut out the ear to its proper shape,; and the ear is finally operated
upon by punching tools, in the usual manner, to punch out the hole for the end of
handle and also the holes for the rivets.
The setting and curving and cutting out tools may be worked as press tools, and
it is convenient to carry them in the same machine as the rolling dies, for which
purpose the upper tool of each pair is operated from, an 'excentric on the end of a
shaft carried in the framing of the machine and driven by suitable gearing.
The mechanism may be constructed double-sided, that is with a pair of rolling
dies on each side, and with a pair of setting and curving dies and a pair of cutting
out dies also on each side..
•
In order to enable the operator to insert the end of the. bar. the necessary distance
between the rolling dies, adjustable gauges, which fit, one on each side of the lower
rolling die against the surface thereof, are fixed to the framing of the machine and
form a stop against which the end of the bar is pushed previously to its being moved
sideways to be drawn in by the dies.
i
The surfaces of the rolling dies may be prepared so as to spread out the metal
in any desired form and so as if desired to leave one part of the metal thicker
than another.
A convenient arrangement of the mechanism of the machine consists in. forming
a double-sided, frame on a suitable bed, and carrying the rolling die spindles in
bearings provided at one end of such frame, and operating the upper spindle direct
by means of a rod connected at one end with a short arm on such spindle and at its
other end with an excentric on an intermediate cross-shaft carried in bearings in
the frame of the machine and driven by spur gear from a cross-shaft correspondingly
mounted which is itself driven by band or other gear from the motor; and in
operating, on each side of the machine, a slide which carries both an upper setting
and curving tool, and an upper cutting tool, from excentrics carried one on each end
of a cross-shaft mounted in bearings in the frame, in such position to be between the
intermediate shaft aforesaid and the upper rolling die spindle. This shaft may be
driven by spur gear from such intermediate shaft. The connecting-rod between the
excentric of the intermediate shaft and the arm of the upper rolling die spindle may
be bowed to clear the shaft which operates the upper setting and curving tools and
cutting tools.
It will be readily understood, without need for detailed description, that the ends.
of metal bars or rods which require to be flattened and widened out, such as in the
process of forming the parts of handles for fixture to fry-pans, water cans and such
like articles, may be so operated upon in the manner and with the appliances above-
described with reference to the corresponding process in the manufacture of ears;
and that when such ends require to be set or shaped and cut off, snch may be
accomplished by the means and appliances above described with reference to the
corresponding processes in the manufacture of ears.

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Ears for Buckets and Analogous
Articles and in Machinery or Appliances for Employment in
such Manufacture, such Improvements being Applicable or in
Part Applicable for Analogous Purposes, such as for Forming
the Flattened Out Ends of Handles for Fixture to Fry-pans,
Water Cans, and such like Articles.
I, WILLIAM LEE, trading as the The Gospel Oak Iron and Galvanized Iron and
Wire Company, of The Mitre Works, Wolverhampton in the County of Stafford,
manufacturer of galvanized iron and general galvanized goods, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has for its main object to economize labour in the manufacture of
ears for buckets and analogous articles and ensure uniformity in their size and shape,
by an improved method of manufacture and the employment of improved mechanism
or appliances.
According to this invention, the bar from which the ears are to be formed is heated
at its end in the usual manner, but instead of being flattened out by hammering, in
the ordinary manner, to form the "flap," that is the part of the intended ear which is
to be rivetted to a bucket or analogous article, it is flattened out by a sideway rolling
process, for which purpose a pair of rolling dies is carried on projecting ends of
spindles so that any required length of the bar can be entered between the rolls while
it is itself held in position parallel with the axes of the rolls. The rolling dies are,
preferably, geared and operated so as to reciprocate instead of revolve continuously,
and the end of the bar is flattened out by being passed sideways backwards and
forwards between the reciprocating dies. If the dies revolve continuously, the bar
should be turned over each time the end has passed between the dies, and previously
to being passed again between them during the process of flattening out, in order
that the metal may be rolled out equally on each side. The spindle of one of the dies
may be provided with a short arin connected by means of a rod with a crank or
excentric on a revolving spindle driven by suitable gear from any suitable motor, and
each reciprocating die spindle be provided with a spur wheel by which the spindles
are geared to reciprocate together in opposite directions of rotation. The bar with
the flattened out end is removed direct from the rolling dies whilst still hot to setting-
and-shaping dies, which give the necessary set to the part of the metal intended for
the "lug" of the ear, that is the part through which a hole is to be formed for the
connection of the handle, and produce also the required curved shape of the part
intended for the flap so that the same may fit against the curved surface of the
bucket, and produce an initial sinking in position where the hole for the connection
of the handle is desired to be formed. The ear is next sheared off from the end of
the bar, by means of tools which cut out the ear to its proper shape; and the ear is
finally operated upon by punching tools, in the usual manner, to punch out the hole

page_text: for the connection of the handle, and also the holes for the rivets by which the car is
to be fixed to the bucket or other article. .
The setting-and-shaping and cutting out tools may be worked as press tools, and it
is convenient to carry them in the same machine as the rolling dies, for which purpose
the upper tool of each pair is operated from an excentric pin on the end of a shaft
carried in the framing of the machine and driven by suitable gearing.
This invention will be clearly understood on reference to the accompanying drawings,
of which those on sheet 1 illustrate a machine constructed according to this invention
for the purpose of manufacturing ears for buckets and analogous articles, and those on
sheet 2 illustrate detached views of the tools employed, according to this, invention,
and also detached views shewing various stages of the manufacture of a bucket ear.
The drawings on sheet 1 are to a scale of 1 inch to a foot, and those on sheet 2 to a
scale of 1 inches to a foot.
Figure 1 is a plan of the machine, figure 2 a side elevation thereof, and figure 3 a
front end view. A double-sided frame A A is formed upon a suitable bed B. A
pair of spindles CC is carried in suitable bearings in the frame A A, as shewn, and
these spindles project at each end beyond the outer sides of the frame, and on such
projecting ends are fixed rolling dies D. The upper spindle C is continually recipro-
cated, as the machine is, at work, by means of an arm a fixed to such spindle and
connected at its outer end with the front end of an excentric rod b, of which the
hinder end is provided with straps c fixed together around an excentric d which is
carried by and revolves with a cross-shaft. E. This shaft is carried in suitable
bearings in the frame and is driven, by means of a spur pinion e and wheel f, from a
cross-shaft carried also in suitable bearings in the frame, and provided with fast-
and-loose pulleys G G around which a belt for driving the machine passes, and also
with a fly-wheel H. The lower spindle C is driven from the upper spindle so as to
reciprocate in the same manner, but in the opposite direction, by means of equal spur
wheels JJ fixed one on each spindle. Slides K, one on each side of the machine,
carry in their lower ends the upper setting-and-shaping tools M and also the upper
cutting out tools N¹, and work in guides K'. The lower setting-and-shaping and
cutting out tools are fixed upon the bed B. The slides K are operated, in the usual
manner of such slides employed in presses, by means of a cross-shaft L on, the ends
of which excentric pins gear with blocks sliding within horizontal sluices or slots in
the slides. The cross-shaft L is driven from the spur wheel by means of a spur
wheel g fixed upon such cross-shaft. The excentric rod b has a bowed part formed
therein (and which is clearly shewn by broken lines figure 2) in order that it may be
clear of the shaft L during the operation of the machine.
When reciprocating dies D are employed, as is preferred, a small portion only of
the periphery of each is an operating surface, and the dies are therefore not required
to be cylindrical. In such case the surfaces which roll together, so as to operate
between then upon the end of, a bar, may each be formed as a portion of the surface
of a cylinder (or approximately so). It is preferred that the wearing parts of such
dies shall be of steel, and in order that such parts may be readily renewed when
worn, and also be capable of adjustment to suit different sizes of ears, they are formed
separately from the main portions of the dies, and are fixed thereto so as to be
readily removable therefrom, and adjustable thereon, in any, convenient manner.
When the dies are employed to revolve continuously without reciprocating they may
of course be made as described in the case of the reciprocating dies, but it is
preferred to form them circular so as to avoid delay in entering the bar between
them. Figures 4 and 5 illustrate in front elevation, and in section taken on line xx
of figure 4, respectively, detached views, to an enlarged scale, of one of the dies D.
Each die is fixed upon its spindle, preferably by means of a key h. The wearing
portion is let into a part of the main portion of the die formed to receive it, and is
held firmly against a shoulder by means of bolts j, as shewn. The part i may
therefore be readily removed and replaced when worn, and may be adjusted by means
of a liner between itself and the main portion of the tool to suit different thicknesses
of flaps as required.
•

page_text: The operation of the dies 1 will now be readily understood. A plain bar, of a
section such as it is now usual to manufacture bucket ears from, is heated at one end
and such end is pushed in between the rolling surfaces of the dies and flattened
out to the shape shewn at a¹, figures 6 and 7 which are, respectively, a plan and edge
view of the end of a bar which has been operated upon by the dies. In order to
gauge the distance to which the end of the bar is to be inserted between the dies from
the outer faces thereof, that is the faces thereof which are the nearest to the ends of
the spindles on which they are mounted, gauges 6' (figures 2 and 3) are used on each
side of the tools, and are shaped so as to leave but a working clearance between their
ends and the surfaces of the dies as the same reciprocale in front of them. The end
of the bar is inserted by first butting it up against one of the gauges, and then moving
it sufficiently sideways to be caught between the operating surfaces of the dies. The
end of the bar will thus be rolled between the surfaces of the dies to the desired
thickness. It will usually bo found sufficient to pass the metal about twice each way
through the dies; and the rolling is effected by allowing the bar to follow the move-
ment of the dies without drawing it out clear therefrom at the end of each stroke.
The end of the bar may readily be removed from the dies when the rolling is
completed, by pressing it sideways instead of allowing it to follow the movements of
the dies as it will continue to do if the bar is held loosely in the hand. The surfaces
of the rolling dies may be prepared, if desired, as will bo readily understood, so as to
leave one part of the metal thicker than another, and it is preferred to form them
so as to roll the metal somewhat thicker at the base than at the outer end. The rolling
dies do not require setting towards one another during the process of flattening out
the metal, as one setting only is necessary for flattening out to the proper thickness
the flaps for any desired quantity of ears of a given size. The adjustment to suit
different thicknesses of flap is effected by means of liners under the parts i of the dies
as above described. The centres of the spindles require adjustment only when the
bearings are worn.
When reciprocating dies are employed toothed segments may be employed, if
desired, in lieu of the wheels J.
The setting-and-shaping tools are illustrated in detached views by figures 8 to 12,
inclusive, of which figure 8 is a front elevation (corresponding to that shewn by
figure 2) of a pair of tools, with the upper tool down upon the lower; figure 9 is a
section on line y y of figure 8; figure 10 is a back view of figure 8; figure 11 is a
plan of the lower tool; and figure 12 is a plan of the under face of the upper tool.
A recess is formed in the face of the lower tool. M to receive the plain section of the bar
from which an car is being formed, and a part ¹ projects downwards from the face of
the upper tool M' to enter within the recess k. A concave curved surface (the
shape of which is shewn by a broken curved line; figure 10) is formed in the upper
face of the lower tool, and is at a somewhat higher level than the bottom of the
recess k.
A corresponding convex surface is formed on the under face of the upper
tool and the two surfaces and curve the end of the bar, which has been
previously flattened out by the rolling dies, to the shape shewn by figure 13 which is
an end view of such part; and the projection k carries down into the recess k the
part of the bar which is to form the lug of the ear and thus cranks such part down
from the curved part of the bar so as to produce the shoulder mas seen at figure 14, which
is a side view of the end of the bar after it has been operated upon by these tools, and
gives also the necessary inclination to such part whereby it stands up vertically when
the flap is fixed to the inclined side of the bucket. A gauge n fixed upon the lower
tool fixes the point to which the end of the bar is to be inserted between the tools.
A short punch o projects downwards from the part k¹ of the upper tool and forms an
initial depression in the bar where the hole is required in the ear for receiving the
handle. The projection may be formed on a part which is dovetailed into the
upper tool so that it may be readily removed and replaced when the punch is worn.
The bottom tool may be fixed on the bed of the machine in a manner analogous to
that which is used in fixing press tools, that is, by means of a bolt through a slotted

page_text: hole p.formed through a lug.q; and the upper tool may be held to its slide, in the
usual manner of such tools, that is by means of a shank q¹. The metal is conveniently
placed in proper position between the tools by holding it in a slanting position, as
shewn by broken lines figure 9, with a part within the recess k and with the end
against the gauge n, and as the upper tool descends it first presses down the flattened
out end and raises the bar out of the recess k previously to performing the operations
above described.
The cutting-out tools, for which however no novelty is claimed, are shewn by.
figures 15, 16 and 17, of which figure 15 is an elevation of the right hand side of the
pair of such tools shewn by figure 2, with the upper, tool down upon the lower;
figure 16 is an plan of the lower tool; and figure 17 is a plan of the lower face of the
upper tool.
An opening r, of the flatway shape of the intended ear, is formed
through the lower tool N, and. the cutting face of the upper tool. N¹ is similarly
shaped. Gauges 8 and t are fixed upon the lower tool to fix the proper position
endways and sideways of the end of the bar which has been prepared in the previous
tools and from which the car is to be cut off. The part of the upper tool N¹ which
cuts down the part to form the lug of the ear has a lead over the other portion of the
cutting face corresponding to the depth of the shoulder m (figure 14). These tools
are fixed in place similarly as the setting-and-shaping tools.
After an ear has been cut out in the manner above described, the required holes are
punched therethrough in the usual manner, the hole for the handle having been
partially formed therein while the metal was hot as before described.
It will be readily understood; without need for further detailed description, that the
ends of metal bars or rods which require to be flattened and widened out, such as in
the process of forming the parts of handles for fixture to fry-pans, water cans and
such like articles, may be so operated upon in the manner and with the appliances
above-described with reference to the corresponding process in the manufacture of
ears; and that when such ends require to be set and shaped such may be accomplished
by means and appliances of the character above described with reference to the corre-
sponding process in the manufacture of ears.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what I
claim is
1. The improved method or process of manufacturing ears for buckets and analogous
articles and the application of the same for analogous purposes such as for forming
the flattened out ends of handles for fixture to fry-pans, water cans and such like
articles, substantially as described.
2. In the manufacture of ears for buckets and analogous articles and in the manu-
facture of other articles such as handles for fixture to fry pans, water cans, and such
like articles, in which an end or ends are required to be flattened out, forming the
flaps for the ears or other flattened out parts by a sideway rolling process, substantially
as, described.
3. In the manufacture of ears for buckets and analogous articles and in the manu-
facture of other articles such as handles for fixture to fry-pans, water cans, and such
like articles, in which an end or ends are required to be flattened out, forming the
flaps for the ears or other flattened out parts by a sideway rolling process in which
rolling dies having a reciprocating motion are employed,- substantially as described
for the purpose set forth.
4. The arrangement and combination of mechanism for employment in the manu-
facture of bucket ears and analogous articles, such as fry pan and water can handles,
substantially as described with, reference to the drawings herewith and whether the
same is formed double-sided as described, or as a single machine.
5. The rolling dies D substantially as described for the purpose set forth.
- 6. The means by which the rolling dies D are made to reciprocate, that is to say,
the combination of an arm fixed upon the axis of one of the dies and reciprocated by

page_text: means of a suitable rod operated by a crank or excentric, with wheels or toothed
segments fixed upon the axis of the dies and geared together, substantially as
described.
7. In the manufacture of bucket ears, fry-pan handles and such like articles, the
means by which the ends o bars which have been flattened out as a part of the
process of such manufacture are set and shaped at one operation, substantially as
described for the purpose set forth.
8. The setting-and-shaping tools M M' substantially as described, for the purpose
set forth.