IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR THE PROTECTION OF HARBOURS AND SHIPPING"
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Shields of the City and County of Perth North
Britain for an invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR
THE PROTECTION OF HARBOURS AND SHIPPING"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Shields at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th March 1882.
JOHN SHIELDS, of the City and County of Perth, North Britain. ❝ IMPROVE
MENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR THE PROTECTION OF HARBOURS AND
SHIPPING"
The improvements in means or apparatus for the protection of Harbours and
Shipping has reference to the discharging of oil on to the surface of the sea and is
in part a developement of the Invention for which Letters Patent have been granted
to the said John Shields dated the 30th day of August 1879, Number 3490.
The first part of the Invention consists in the substitution of valves for the
roses for discharging oil under water set forth in the Specification filed in pursuance
of the aforesaid Letters Patent.
In the second place the Improvements consist in the conveying and discharging
of oil on the sea by placing oil in hollow projectiles or shells which are fired from a
gun or rocket apparatus either from the shore or on board ship, or such hollow
vessel may be attached to or form part of a rocket and fired without a gun.
In the third place the Improvements consist in charging buoys or beacons with
oil which are discharged when required by opening a valve or valves in the said
buoys or beacons.-These valves may be opened or closed by communication with
the land or any station, either by mechanical means such as cranks, chains, or
wires, or by electro-magnets or compressed air in a pipe or pipes.
In the fourth place the oil may be discharged from a vessel carried upon a line
of wire or rope stretched from point to point over the surface upon which it is
desired to spread the oil, and which vessel is traversed along the wire or rope at
the time of making the discharge.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Shields in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 2nd September
1882.
JOHN SHIELDS, of the City and County of Perth, North Britain, "IMPROVE-
MENTS
IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR THE PROTECTION OF HARBOURS AND
SHIPPING,"
My said Invention relates to improvements in means or apparatus for the
protection of Harbours and Shipping and has reference to the discharging of oil on
to the surface of the sea and is in part a development of the Invention for which
Letters Patent have been granted to me the said John Shields, dated the 30th day
of August, 1879, No. 3490.
The first part of the invention consists in the substitution of valves for the roses
for discharging oil under water set forth in the Specification filed in pursuance of
the aforesaid Letters Patent.
In the second place the improvements consist in the conveying and discharging
of oil on the sea by placing oil in hollow projectiles or shells which are fired
from a gun, or rocket apparatus, either from the shore, or on board ship, or such
hollow vessel may be attached to or form part of a rocket and be fired without
a gun.
In the third place the improvements consist in charging buoys or beacons with
oil which are discharged when required by opening a valve or valves in the said
buoys or beacons. These valves may be opened or closed by communication with
the land or any station, either by mechanical means, such as cranks, chains or
wires, or by electro-magnets or by compressed air in a pipe or pipes.
In the fourth place the oil may be discharged from a vessel carried upon a line
of wire or rope stretched from point to point over the surface upon which it is
desired to spread the oil, and which vessel is traversed along the wire or rope at
the time of making the discharge.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood, I now
proceed more particularly to set forth the system, mode or manner in or under
which the same is or may be used or practically carried into effect, reference being
had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters and Figures marked thereon,
that is to say :-
Figure 1, represents in section a portion of a harbour fitted with apparatus
constructed according to and constituting the first part of my present Invention.
Figure 2, represents a plan of the same.
Figures, 3, 4, and 5, represent detail views of the valves and pipes on an
enlarged scale through which the oil is discharged.
Figures 6, and 7, represent respectively side and front elevations of a projectile
constructed according to and constituting the second part of my present Invention.
Figure 8, represents in side elevation a modification of the projectile.
Figure 9, represents in elevation a buoy constructed according to, and constituting
the third part of my present Invention for discharging oil on to the surface of water
in which it floats.
Figures 10, and 11, represent respectively side and front elevations of a vessel
constructed according to and constituting the fourth part of my present Invention.
With reference to Figures 1, and 2, on the top of a tower A, or on any other
erection, or support affording a sufficient elevation I support an oil tank B,

page_text: to the bottom of which is connected the discharge pipe, utted with a suitab
valve D.
The discharge pipe C, is carried out into the harbour to the required distance
and connected with the pipe E, situate at right angles thereto. In this pipe E, the
valves F, (shewn on a larger scale at Figures 3, 4, and 5, sheet 2, and bereinafter
more fully described) are screwed or otherwise suitably fitted.-When it is desired
to discharge the oil on to the surface of the sea, the valve D, is opened and the oil
flows out through the pipes C, and E, and through the valves F, which are raised
by the pressure against their under surfaces due to the head of pressure produced
by the elevation of the oil tank B. The valves F I prefer to construct as shown at
Figures 3, 4, and 5, sheet 2, in which the seating a, is screwed into the pipe E.
The valve is provided with a spindle c, and nuts d, to prevent the same rising too
high.
Figures 6, and 7, represent a hollow projectile, the cavity of which can be
charged with oil through the opening a' at the front part thereof, the pressure of
air being sufficient when the projectile is shot from a gun to prevent the oil from
flowing out of the opening a¹, until the projectile reaches the place in the water
where it is required to fall.
Figure 8, represents another form of hollow projectile the openings a¹, of which
are protected from the air during its travel by the shield b¹. The oil from both
these projectiles represented at Figures 6, 7, and 8, flows out when the same falls
in the water through the openings a¹.
Figure 9, represents a buoy which at its upper part is provided with a tank A¹
for the oil, and which may be charged or filled in any suitable manner. Around
the lower part of this tank A¹, and through the sides of the buoy are formed the
openings B¹, fitted with valves of any suitable construction actuated from the
inside by the cords or chains represented in dotted lines C' attached thereto, and
passing over guides or rollers D¹, down to a main rod or wire E¹, passing out
through the bottom of the oil tank A¹, and the bottom of the buoy through suitable
water-tight joints, and there attached to a chain F', communicating with the
shore or other station. It is evident that when the chain F1 is pulled, the valves
fitted to the openings B¹, will be opened and the oil contained in the tank A¹,
will flow out therethrough on to the surface of the sea until the chain F¹, is
released, and the valves closed either by the pressure of the oil or by springs acting
upon them.
Figures 10, and 11, represent a vessel A², constructed to contain oil, and to be
carried on rollers c³, running on a wire a³, stretched across any desired part, and
drawn across the same by the cords 63, the oil during the time occupied in its
travel, flowing out through the perforated pipe d².
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and the system, mode, or manner, in or under which the same is, or may
be used, or practically carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what
I consider to be novel, and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to
me by the herein before in part recited Letters Patent, is :-
First. The arrangements for providing a sufficient head of oil for discharging the
same through the valves F, Figures 1, and 2, in a pipe placed across the entrance
to a harbour or in other required position and the placing of such valves in contra-
distinction to roses in the pipe E, for discharging oil below the surface of the water
so that it may rise to the surface thereof as hereinbefore described.
Second. The hollow projectiles for conveying and discharging upon the sea the
oil with which they are charged as hereinbefore described with reference to
Figures 6, 7, and 8, of the accompanying drawings.
Third. The buoys or beacons for discharging oil contained therein upon the sea
as hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 9, of the accompanying
drawings.

page_text: Fourth. The vessel or vessels carried on a wire stretched across any part for
discharging the oil contained therein upon the sea as hereinbefore described with
reference to Figures 10, and 11, of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof I the said John Shields, have hereunto set my hand and
seal this twenty second day of August in the year of Our Lord, One
thousand eight hundred and eighty-two.
TATT
CHINT DA
.