Improvements relating to Looms for Domestic Purposes, and to Power Looms.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 6th July, 1893
(Complete Specification Left, 5th Apr., 1894-Accepted, 5th May, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to Looms for Domestic Purposes, and to
Power Looms.
We, RICHARD LONGDEN HATTERSLEY, of North Brook Works, Keighley, in
the County of York, Machine Maker, and SIMEON JACKSON, of the same address,
Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of our invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to provide a small lightly made loom suitable for
domestic or cottage use, whereby peasants and others may be enabled to weave at
their own homes, such loom being automatic in all its motions, whereby the actual
weaving is not more difficult to manipulate than in the case of the ordinary power
loom.
We attain our object by constructing a loom which is actuated by means of
treadle mechanism, similar to an ordinary sewing machine, or foot lathe. The
treadle mechanism is attached to a main driving shaft from which motion is taken
by means of wheels, cams, tappets, or other mechanisms for actuating the picking,
shedding, and all the other automatic motions usually applied to power looms, but
which have not hitherto been applied to a loom suitable for domestic use.
In order to overcome the difficulty that would be entailed by the carriage to and
fro of heavy warp beams, we have invented a warp beam, and means for attaching
same to the loom, which is light, easily applied to the loom, and while it can be
made at a comparatively trifling cost is sufficiently strong for its purpose.
Although this beam is especially applicable for this domestic loom, it is also
applicable to the ordinary power loom for which in many cases it may be of
considerable benefit. Our improved warp beam is constructed of paper or some
other similar light material, the formation being a cylinder or tube with two flanges,
one at each end, the general outside configuration being similar to the beams now
The ends of the tube inside are strengthened by additional thickness of
paper or other material for the purpose as hereafter described.
in use.
In order to attach this form of beam to the loom we provide a shaft or mandril
which takes the place of the ordinary warp beam spindle. This shaft is detachable,
and provided with the requisite letting off gear, and also with conical bushes, one
or both of which may be made adjustable horizontally on the shaft or mandril, for
the purpose of opening out or expanding longitudinally split bushes, which partially
encircle same and fit into the ends of the beam. By thus expanding these split
bushes sufficient pressure or friction is obtained against the inside surface of the
beam for the latter to revolve with the beam shaft or mandril, without slipping
thereon, and further the shaft and the beam are made concentric.
The before mentioned lining or extra thickness of material at the ends of the
tubes gives the beam sufficient strength to withstand this pressure, without breaking
or splitting.
Dated this 3rd day of July 1893.
J. SIDNEY CRITCHLEI,
Agent for the Applicants.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to Looms for Domestic Purposes, and to
Power Looms.
We, RICHARD LONGDEN HATTERSLEY, of North Brook Works, Keighley, in
the County of York, Machine Maker, and SIMEON JACKSON, of the same place,
Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
The object of this invention is to provide a small, lightly made loom suitable for
domestic or cottage use, whereby peasants and others may be enabled to weave at
their own homes, such loom being automatic in all its motions, whereby the actual
weaving is not more difficult to manipulate than in the case of an ordinary power
loom.
In order to fully explain our invention we append hereto sheets of drawings
marked with numbers of reference, in which :-
Fig. 1 shows the front view of our improved domestic loom, and
Fig. 2 the end view of same;
Figs. 3, 1, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, are details.
To the side frames I of the loom, we mount a shaft 2 which forms a centre or
fulcrum on which treadles 3 oscillate. These treadles are arranged as levers of
the first order, and are connected to the cranked main motion shaft 4 by means of
coupling rods 5, and from these treadles and the main shaft the various motions are
derived for actuating the picking, shedding, and other automatic motions, usually
applied to power looms, in the following manner.
From the main shaft 4 motion is imparted to a secondary cranked shaft 6 by
means of spur wheels, 7 and 8, and the necessary to and fro motion is imparted to
the lathe 9 by means of a connecting arm 10, attached to the cranked shaft 6.
The lathe swords are taken upwards and carried or pivotted to the loom sides. The
picking cams 11, are fixed on the main shaft 4, and work on rollers 12, attached to
horizontal levers 13, from which the necessary motion is communicated by rods
and levers to the picking sticks 14, and thence to the shuttle by the usual straps
and pickers, the various parts being brought back after each operation to their
normal positions by means of springs.
The heald frames 15 are of the usual type, being suspended from or carried by
a shaft 16. The bealds are operated from below by additional arms or levers 17
of the treadles 3, the vibration of such levers 17 causing the healds to rise and
fall. This arrangement of operating the healds is suitable only for weaving simple
designs for the production of which only two heald frames are required; however
in order that designs may be woven which require more than two heald frames we
employ mechanism shown in Figs. 3 and 4, whereby three, four, or more heald
frames may be operated. Fig. 3 is a plan and Fig. 4 a side view of this mechanism.
The heald frames are suspended from, or carried by, the shaft 16 (Fig. 1 and 2)
and are caused to rise and fall by the motion of levers 18 to which they are
attached by wire or string. The levers 18 are pivotted on a pin 19 carried by a
frame attached to the loom side. The levers.18 are provided with bowls 20, each
bowl being operated upon by a cam or tappet 21, such tappets being carried and
revolved by a shaft 22. This shaft 22 is rotated from the main motion shaft 4, by
means of bevel wheels 23 and 24; thus, as the tappets rotate with the shaft 22,
motion is imparted to the levers 18 and the healds operated according to the
position of the tappets on the shaft 22.
The take up motion applied to this loom is shown in side elevation in Fig. 5,
being of the usual balance and ratchet type.
Fig. 6 shows in detail an arrangement for stopping the loom in the event of the
shuttle remaining in the shed, the principle of which is well understood.

page_text: In the event of the shuttle remaining in the shed, the pivotted finger or lever 25
attached to the lathe or going part 9, is not lifted into the position shown in the
drawing, and on the forward motion of the lathe the finger 25 comes into contact
with the "frog" 26 attached to the spring buffer 27, and the loom is stopped as is
well understood.
In order to overcome the difficulty that would be entailed by the carriage to and
fro of heavy warp beams, we have invented a warp beam, and means for attaching
the same to the loom, especially to overcome this difficulty and expense, and
although it is more particularly applicable for use in connection with this domestic
loom, it is also applicable for use in connection with the ordinary power loom.
By the use of this warp beam, finished and sized warp can be inexpensively
transported on the beam from the manufacturer of the warp to the user, and after
being used, the beam discarded.
This warp beam and the method of attachment to the loom is illustrated in Figs. 7,
8, and 9, Fig. 7 being a longitudinal section through the beam and shaft or mandrel,
and Figs. 8 and 9 details of certain parts used in connection therewith.
The warp beam 28 is made of paper, tin, or other light and cheap material, our
object being to provide a beam at a cost of a few pence only, so that, after the
warp thereon has been used, the beam may be discarded.
The beam is fitted at each end with flanges 29 similar to warp beams as now
constructed. The barrel of the beam is made hollow, and the ends internally are
strengthened by extra thicknesses or rings 30 of material. The beam shaft or
mandrel 31, which takes the place of the ordinary, beam spindle, is separate from
the beam, but is attached to the loom frame and letting off gear in the usual
manner, the method adopted for securing the beam to the shaft or mandrel so that
the requisite tension may be applied to the warp being as follows:-
On the shaft 31 we have two conical bushes 32 one of which may be permanently
fixed on the spindle, the other being made so as to slide horizontally thereon,
and capable of being secured in any desired position by means of a nut 33 for
which purpose the shaft is threaded, or the bush itself may screw on the shaft.
Instead of having one of these bushes permanently fixed, both may be made to
screw or slide on the shaft as above described. Into the ends of the beam, which
are strengthened for this purpose, are fitted detachable split conical bushes 34
which partially encircle the bushes 32, or into which the bushes 32 fit, and by
bringing the latter nearer together on the shaft as above described the split bushes
are opened out and press tightly against the inner circumference of the beam
barrel, the friction thereby created being such that the weight attached to the
shaft or mandrel 31 is communicated to the beam and the requisite tension put on
the warp. This arrangement of attachment also puts the shaft and beam concentric
one with the other.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
Firstly. A loom for domestic use having a main motor shaft from which motion is
taken for actuating the picking, beating up, and setting up mechanisms, such motion
shaft being operated by treadles which also actuate the shedding motion; such loom
having a detachable letting off shaft or mandrel with an arrangement of conical
bushes for the purpose of concentrically securing to such shaft a detachable warp
beam, substantially as described.
Secondly. A loom for domestic use, having a main motor shaft, operated by
treadles, from which shaft motion is taken for actuating the picking, beating up,
setting up, and shedding mechanisms, such loom having a detachable letting off
shaft or mandrel with an arrangement of conical bushes for the purpose of
concentrically securing to such shaft a detachable warp beam, substantially as
described.
Thirdly. A warp beam, applicable to looms for weaving, constructed of light

page_text: material, for the inexpensive transportation of finished and sized warp thereon,
such beam being hollow for attachment to a separate shaft or mandrel to which the
usual letting off gear is applied, substantially in the manner as shown and
.described.
Fourthly. In combination with the usual letting off gear of looms for weaving,
a detachable shaft or mandrel with an arrangement of conical bushes for the
purpose of concentrically securing a light detachable warp beam to such shaft, all
arranged substantially in the manner as shown and described.
Dated this 4th day of April 1894
J. SIDNEY CRITCHLEY,
27, Kirkgate, Bradford, Agent for the Applicants.