IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF TELEGRAPHIC DESPATCHES, AND FOR STRENGTHENING AND MAINTAINING THE POWER OF THE CURRENTS
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Michel Doubelt, of Saint Petersburgh, in the
Empire of Russia, General in the Russian Cavalry, temporarily
resident at 6, Berners Street, in the County of Middlesex, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR THE
TRANSMISSION OF TELEGRAPHIC DESPATCHES, AND FOR STRENGTHENING AND
MAINTAINING THE POWER OF THE CURRENTS."-A. communication from
abroad by Pierre Kniaghininsky, Nicolas Sewastganoff, and Dmitry
Dornowo, all of Saint Petersburgh, in the Empire of Russia.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Michel Doubelt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th June 1872.
I, MICHEL DOUBELT, of Saint Petersburgh, in the Empire of Russia,
General in the Russian Cavalry, temporarily resident at 6, Berners
Street, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR THE

page_text: TRANSMISSION OF TELEGRAPHIC DESPATCHES, AND FOR STRENGTHENING AND MAIN-
TAINING THE POWER OF THE CURRENTS," to be as follows: -
This Invention relates to means by which telegraphic communication
can be established and maintained between two given points of unlimited
distances apart, also to means or apparatus for the purpose, and for
strengthening the power of a weak current at any part of the line during
the transmission, so that the despatch is received at the receiving station
as strong and in some instances stronger than when sent from the
sending station. By this means a correct reading is obtained instead of
a doubtful one, a circumstance of much importance where the stations
are far distant, as in cable communication.
According to one method, in which an apparatus termed by the
Inventors electro-magnetic multiplicator is employed, this apparatus is
composed of a series of boxes of flat form with rounded ends, the whole
being covered by insulated wire, and all in connection through the wires
passing from one box to the other next thereto. The free end of one
wire is connected to, say, the cable or line wire, and the other to the
earth or ground conductor. The boxes are hollow, and have magnetic
needles or plates in them, which are supported upon an axle suspended
in screw or other bearings to permit of the needles vibrating, the ends of
which are drawn between the tips of magnets of horse-shoc or other
shape, which embrace the boxes top and bottom for the purpose, the
needles being so arranged that they lie in a horizontal manner until
acted upon by the current, the degree of action being governed by the
speed and by the strength of the current passing through the
apparatus.
The sensibility of the apparatus depends upon the magnets and upon
the union of the boxes, the strength of the current being augmented by
the number of needles brought into requisition; thus if two needles are
acted upon the strength is augmented just double to what it would be if
only one needle had been acted upon, and if three needles are acted upon
by the current the strength is augmented three times greater, and if on
four four times greater, and so on, the strength accumulating in this
manner before the current passes to the receiving instrument.

page_text: therewith; this acts upon and causes a movement of another lever, say
No. 2, for releasing a lever No. 3. By this meaus the muffle becomes
united with the help of a spring, and the wheels of the instrument are
allowed to turn. To again set the apparatus lever No. 2 is employed,
the end of which is lifted by the teeth of one of the wheels.
According to another method, which the Inventors term the
induction method, they strengthen a weak current by placing between
the end of the cable and the earth conductor, say ten magnets with
two coils of different thicknesses of wire upon cach of their legs.
The extreme ends of the thickest wires, of say No. 6 magnet, are united
to the cable and to the ground wires, while the ends of the thin wires
of the magnets are united with the ends of the thick wires of the
neighbouring magnets.
The terminals of wires of the different magnets being arranged in
"conduction" with the coils of a couple of electro-magnets provided
with an armature, by which the current becomes slightly magnetised
through one of the scries of magnets, and in the interruptions in the
chain an induction flood or current of electricity is obtained in the
exterior wires and passes to the interior wires in succession. The
greater the distance the induction flood travels, the stronger the flood
becomes, until its strength is sufficient for acting upon the electro-
magnets, notwithstanding the weakness of the current when first
received by the apparatus.
"
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Michel Doubelt in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 17th December 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MICHEL
DOUBELT, of Saint Petersburgh, in the Empire of Russia, General in the
Russian Cavalry, temporarily resident at 6, Berners Street, in the County
of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-

page_text: fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Michel Doubelt, Her special licence that
I, the said Michel Doubelt, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Michel Doubelt, my executors, administra-
tors, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein ex-
pressed, should and lawfully might make, usc, excrcise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND
APPARATUS FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF TELEGRAPH DESPATCHES, AND FCE
STRENGTHENING AND MAINTAINING THE POWER OF THE CURRENTS," communi-
cated to me from abroad by Pierre Kniaghininsky, Nicolas Sewastganoff,
and Dmitry Dornowo, all of Saint Petersburgh, in the Empire of
Russia, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Michel
Doubelt, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Michel Doubelt, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings here-
unto annexed, that is to say: -
This Invention relates to means by which telegraphic communication
can be established and maintained between two given points of unlimited
distances apart, also to means or apparatus for the purpose, and for
strengthening the power of a weak current at any part of the line during
the transmission, so that the despatch is received at the receiving station
as strong, and in some instances stronger, than when sent from the
sending station. By this means a correct reading is obtained instead of
a doubtful one, a circumstance of much importance where the stations
are far distant, as in cable communication.
According to one method, in which an apparatus termed by

page_text: apparatus is composed of a series of boxes of flat form with rounded
ends, the whole being covered by insulated wire, and all in connection,
through the wires passing from one box to the other next thereto. The
free end of one wire is connected to, say the cable or line wire, and the
other to the earth or ground conductor. The boxes are hollow and have
magnetic needles or plates in them, which are supported upon an axle
suspended in screw or other bearings to permit of the needles vibrating,
the ends of which are drawn between the tips of magnets, of horse-shoc
or other shape, which embrace the boxes top and bottom for the purpose,
the needles being so arranged that they lic in a horizontal manner until
acted upon by the current, the degree of action being governed by
the speed and by the strength of the current passing through the
apparatus.
The sensibility of the apparatus depends upon the magnets and upon
the union of the boxes, the strength of the current being augmented
by the number of needles brought into requisition; thus if two needles
are acted upon the strength is augmented just double to what it would
be if only one needle had been acted upon, and if three needles are
acted upon by the current the strength is augmented three times
greater, and if four needles four times greater, and so on, the strength
accumulating in this manner before the current passes to the receiving
instrument.
In attaching the box apparatus to a receiving instrument the In-
ventors propose to fit upon the needle axis a lever, say No. 1, which
moves therewith; this acts upon and causes a movement of another
lever, say No. 2, for releasing a lever No. 3. By this means the mufle
becomes united with the help of a spring, and the wheels of the
instrument are allowed to turn. To again set the apparatus lever No. 2
is employed, the end of which is lifted by the teeth of one of the
wheels.
According to another method, which the Inventors term "the in-
duction method," they strengthen a weak current by placing between
the end of the cable and the earth conductor, say ten magnets, with
two coils of different thicknesses of wire upon each of their legs. The
extreme ends of the thickest wires of, say No. 6 magnet, are united to
the cable and to the ground wire, while the ends of the thin wires of

page_text: the other magnets are united with the ends of the thick wires of the
neighbouring magnets.
The terminals of wires of the different magnets being arranged in
"conduction" with the coils of a couple of electro-magnets provided
with an armature, by which the current becomes slightly magnetized
through one of the series of magnets, and in the interruptions in the
chain an induction flood or current of electricity is obtained in the
exterior wires and passes to the interior wires in succession. The
greater the distance the induction flood travels the stronger the flood
becomes, until its strength is sufficient for acting upon the electro-
magnets, notwithstanding the weakness of the current when first
received by the apparatus.
The nature of the Invention will be more particularly understood by
reference to the accompanying Drawings, of which Figures 1, 2, and 3,
represent face, side, and top views of the first-described apparatus, com-
posed of a series of boxes a, a, of oblong shape and with rounded ends.
The boxes are wrapped with insulated wire in contact at the ends with
cach neighbouring box, the spare end of the wire is united to earth and
the other sparc end to the cable or line wire. In the interior of the
boxes are magnetic needles b, b, upon an axle c, so that they may
vibrate when called upon by the current. The end boxes of the series or
the whole of the boxes are embraced by horse-shoc magnets d, d, to
enable the needles to assume a level or horizontal position when not
acted upon by the flood or current of electricity, and in that case the
shoes will instantly augment their declination both by the quickness and
by the strength. The sensibility of this apparatus depends firstly upon the
steel shoes, and secondly upon the union of the separate boxes by the
wire, and the current is consequently increased in strength in proportion
to the number of boxes and needles acted upon in transit, and this
in proportion also to the distance the multiplicator is from the despatching a
instrument.
Figures 4 and 5 represent an apparatus which can be adapted to
existing telegraphic instruments for the working of this Invention.
1
11

page_text: lever e is carried up at an angle and terminates in a bulb which works
between and separates the tip of a fixed armature g from the tip of a
movable armature h, when lifted by the aid of the lever, whose free
end is raised by the teeth of the wheel as it, the wheel, rotates. This
separation of the levers causes a muffle to disengage the wheels i and j
from working in contact, but as soon as the lever e drops, a spring k
exerts its pressure upon the movable armature and unites the wheels
by forcing in the muſſe.
For strengthening a current close to a station a series of horse shoes,
say 10, as in Fig. 6, are employed; these have each an exterior wire
over an interior wire, the interior wire being the thicker of the two, as in
Figure 7, the thin wire, which is upon the outside, being coiled a greater
number of times over a portion of the shoes, each coil or wire being
insulated from the neighbouring coil. The end of the thicker wire is
united with the cable or line wire and the ground or earth wire; the end
of the thin exterior wire is united to the end of the thick interior wire of
the shoe next thereto, and so on throughout the series, where the exterior
and interior wires of No. 1 shoe are attached to the coils of two
poles l, m, of an electro-magnet n. By this means the current mag-
netizes slightly only one shoc, say No. 6, of the scries, and in the moment
of the interruptions of the chain an induction flood or current is
provided in the exterior wire of the same shoe which passes upon the
exterior wire of shoe No. 7 and from it to that of shoc S.
The farther the induction flood moves itself the stronger it becomes
for acting upon the electro-magnets, notwithstanding its weakness upon
shoe No. 6.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that claim is made
in the Invention herein-before recited,―
Firstly. To the means or methods of increasing the strength of currents
of electricity in transit, and also the appliances for accomplishing it, as

page_text: Fourthly. To the combination of thick and thin wires upon horse-shoe
magnets, arranged to co-operate in the manner set forth, for increasing
or strengthening weak electric currents.
In witness whereof, I, the said Michel Doubelt, have hercunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of November, One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by
General Michael Doubelt, this
26th day of November, 1872,
Before me,
J. MICHELL,
H.B.M. Consul.
MICHEL DOUBELT. (L.S.)