Improvements in Dynamo-electric, Magneto-electric, and Electro- dynamic Machines.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 12th July, 1889
Complete Specification Left, 11th Apr., 1890-Accepted, 12th July, 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by the firm of SIEMENS AND HALSKE, of 94, Markgrafen
Strasse, Berlin, in the German Empire, Electrical Engineers.]
Improvements in Dynamo-electric, Magneto-electric, and Electro-
dynamic Machines.
We, SIEMENS BROTHERS & CO. LIMITED of 12 Queen Anne's Gate, Westminster in
the County of Middlesex, Electrical Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in dynamo-electric, magneto-electric, and
electro-dynamic machines such as were described in the Specification to Patent
No. 1447 of 1881 wherein a continuous current was produced by separate electrical
impulses generated immediately after one another at different parts of the machine,
that is to say in different magnetic fields, the number of rotating bobbins in the form
of solenoids, being different from that of the magnetic fields so that the former did
not all pass the latter simultaneously but at successive intervals.
The present improvements relate to a modified form of the bobbins (which formerly
were made as solenoids) wherein these are made of a zig zag form with radial active
and circular inactive parts, thereby obtaining a convenient form for the practical
construction of the machine. In addition, by enabling the active bars to be arranged
in a single layer the efficiency of the machine is increased, as the distance apart of
the magnets that form together the magnetic field can be decreased thereby.
The arrangement of the improved machine is shewn diagrammatically on the
accompanying drawing, in which by way of example a system of magnets with
10 poles and a set of S bobbins are shown.
The arrangement of the several hobbins is that shewn at Fig. 1. Each bobbin is
arranged in a zig zag line in such manner that all active parts thereof are situated in
the same position relatively to the magnetic system. The radial parts in the diagram
shewn by full lines, indicate the active parts while the dotted circular lines indicate
the inactive paris.
The distance of the separate zig-zag figures is in this case equal to the distance
between two contiguous magnetic poles. The zig zag winding of the bobbins is thus
formed of bars of which the radial active ones all lie in one and the same plane, while
the circular inactive bars all lie in a second plane.
With the assumed number of ten poles, each zig zag bobbin consists in the diagram
of ten radial parts, of which each consists of a single bar, with the single exception
of the first part, which consists of two bars, in order to bring the end of the bobbin
in a position which allows of the correct connection with the next bobbin, the same
object can be attained as will presently be shewn by making the bobbin to consist of
nine radial bars, omitting the 10th and 11th.
Each bobbin has as was the case in the before mentioned patent, a different position
relatively to the magnetic system. The bobbins are therefore shifted relatively to
each other and consequently also form a zig-zag line relatively to the magnetic
system, as indicated in Fig. 2, in which the commencement of the different bobbins
marked 1 to 4 and 1' to are indicated. This zig-zag line is formed of radial active
bars and circular inactive bars, there are therefore eight radial parts as commence-
ments of all the eight which are all at equal distances from each other, such distance
being 4ths of the distance between two contiguous poles of the magnetic field.
Fig. 3 shews all the radial parts with the circular connecting parts omitted. The
parts indicated with the same numerals belong to the same bobbins.
The connection of the bobbins with each other is shewn in Fig. 4 which shews a
levelopment of the same on a plane, the superposed and laterally shifted parts being

page_text: TO THE HI One and the same plane.
There are ten coming spaces correspone
to the number of the poles, and they are indicated on the drawing by the numerals I
to X; the commencement of bobbin 1 lies in the space I that of bobbin 2 in the
space II &c. The commencement and end of each bobbin are as already stated,
always connected with two contiguous radial bars.
The connection of the separate bobbins is effected in such manner, that the end of
the bobbin 1 which is in space I is connected to the commencement of bobbin 2 in
space II, while the end of bobbin 2 is connected to the commencement of bobbin 3.
in space III &c.
Lastly the end of bobbin 4' in space 1X is connected with the commencement of
bobbin 1.
The current can be led off by means of a divided commutator cylinder as described
in the said Patent No. 14178 this being formed by branched pieces from the bobbin
bars.
In the arrangement shewn, in which there are 8 bobbins each consisting of ten
parts the commutator is for:ned with 40 parts according to the rule stated in Patent
No. 144781.
The two brushes are situated at two diametrically opposite points. They effect the
short circuiting of that bobbin in which in consequence of its relative position to the
magnetic system no current is produced.
The direction of current changes in each hobbin ten times during one revolution,
there are consequently five radial and axially placed bars of each bobbin in connection
with one section of the commutator, and each bobbin has therefore five commutator
sections, but between each two of these commutator parts are situated three other
parts, namely an active part and two inactive parts.
Instead of a single system of 8 bobbins several such systems can be employed, thus
obtaining 16, 24 &c. bobbins. The number of systems is dependent upon the capacity
of the 10 coiling spaces for including further bars. If the bobbins of the second
system are designated by 1 x to 4x and 1 x' to 4 x', the bars of the bobbin 1x, will
lie next the bars of the bobbin 1 that is, hetween the bars of the bobbins 1 and 2.
The same holds good as regards the position of the bars 1x1, 2x, and 2x1, 3x
and 3 x &c. The connection of the two systems of bobbins is such that the end of
the bobbin 4 (situated in space IX) is connected to the commencement of bobbin 1x
(situated in space I) and finally the end of bobbin 4x¹ (in space IX) is again con-
nected with the beginning of bobbin 1 (in space 1). In this way a closed conducting
circuit is obtained.
In the same way a 3rd 4th &c. system of bobbins may be arranged. Each first
bobbin of the further system is always situated between the bars of bobbins 1 and 2
or 1 and 21 of the first system, and the position of the others is made to correspond.
In Fig. 4 each bobbin is, as before stated represented by a zig zag line, consisting
of 11 radial and axial bars which are connected by are shaped bars. The 11th radial
or axial bar, as also the corresponding arched connecting bars between the 8 bobbins
are indicated by dotted lines, and lie in a different plane from the other parts. Of the
latter the radial and axial bars lie in one plane and the arc shaped bars in another
plane.
The connection of the 8 bobbins can also be effected in a different manner. Instead
of the dotted 11th bars and their connections the commencement of bobbin 4 situated
in space IV, can for example be connected directly with the end of the 9th bar of the
3rd bobbin (in the figure this connecting line is indicated by a dot and dash line) in
which case the 10th and 11th radial and axial bars of each bobbin are done away
with. With this arrangement the inactive are shaped part of the coiling offers a
greater resistance than the active part.
The mole of connection and the arrangement of the bars can be easily arranged in
other ways.
A construction of armature can always be obtained which consists
throughout of screwed bars.
The electromotive part consists of bars having one and the same position, which pass
through relatively powerful magnetic fields." With only one system of Lobbins

page_text: (8 bobbins) there are, independently of the dotted parts which lie in a separate plane,
60 radial bars with an arrangement of 10 poles.
The construction of the machine can either be one with inside poles, or one in
In the former case the
which two of the magnets form together a magnetic field.
magnets can be mounted radially on a cylindrical frame having central bearings
carrying the armature axle, the armature consists of a disc situated in front of the
electro magnets to the periphery of which disc are fixed bent bars forming the
bobbins, the said bars consisting of radial parts on opposite sides of the magnets,
running parallel with the latter, and connected by a part running across the only
pole of the latter, being consequently at right angles thereto. Each second radial
bar is formed with a projection running parallel with the armature axis and forming
part of the commutator. The before mentioned are shaped connecting pieces are
connected to the radial parts of the said bent bars. The connection of the radial bars
on the outer side of the magnets to the before mentioned disc or ring is such that tho
two are insulated from each other.
The commutator can be constructed in the same way as described in the said Patent
No. 1447, the arms carrying the commutator branches being connected to the
cylindrical frame.
The second above mentioned arrangement of the machine only differs from the
foregoing in that a second set of radially arranged magnets are placed over the inner
set having their inner poles opposite the outer poles of these with the parts of the
armature bars that connect the radial parts revolving between them. The outer ends
of the second set of magnets are connected to a ring carried by brackets from the
framing. According to another modification the outer ring of magnets is replaced
either by fixing round the said connecting parts of the bent armature bars, other bars
of circular cross section running round the armature, or the said connecting parts
may themselves be made of soft iron instead of copper.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Dynamo-electric, Magneto-electric, and Electro-
dynamic Machines.
We, SIEMENS BROTHERS & Co. LIMITED of 12 Queen Anne's Gate, Westminster
in the County of Middlesex, Electrical Engineers do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-—
This invention relates to improvements in dynamo-electric, magneto-electric, and
electro-dynamic machines such as were described in the Specification to Patent
No. 1447 of 1881 wherein a continuous current was produced by separate electrical
impulses generated immediately after one another at different parts of the machine,
that is to say in different magnetic fields the number of rotating hobbins in the
form of solenoids, being different from that of the magnetic fields so that the former
did not all pass the latter simultaneously bui at successive intervals.
The present improvements relate to bobbins in which the winding is no longer
made in the form of a solenoid, but the bobbins being composed of a number of
radial bars connected to each other by circular bars are in zig zag form as shewn
diagrammatically in Fig. 1. As each radial bar cuts the magnetic lines at right
angles, it is an active source of difference of potential in the direction of its own
length; but the circular bars not cutting the magnetic lines at right angles are
inactive as far as the generation of a difference of potential is concerned. The active
bars being arranged in a single layer, the efficiency of the machine is increased, as
the distance apart of the magnets that form together the magnetic field can be
decreased thereby.
The arrangement of the improved machine is shewn diagrammatically on the

page_text: accompanying drawings in which by way of example a system of magnets with
10 poles and a set of 8 bobbins are shewn.
The arrangement of the several bobbins is that shewn at Fig. 1. Each bobbin is
arranged in a zigzag line in such manner, that all active parts thereof are situated in
the same position relatively to the magnetic systein. The radial parts in the diagram
shewn by full lines, indicate the active parts while the dotted circular lines indicate
the inactive parts.
The distance of the separate zig zag figures is in this case equal to the distance
between two contiguous magnetic poles. The zig-zag winding of the bobbins is thus
formed of bars of which the radial, active ones all lie in one and the same plane, while
the circular, inactive bars all lie in a second plane.
With the assumed number of 10 poles, each zig zag bobbin consists in the diagram
of ten radial parts, of which each consists of a single bar, with the single exception
of the first part, which consists of two bars, in order to bring the end of the bobbin
in a position which allows of the correct connection with the next bobbin. The same
object can be attained as will presently be shewn by making the bobbin to consist of
nine radial bars, omitting the 10th and 11th.
Each bobbin has, as was the case in the before mentioned Patent, a different
position relatively to the magnetic system. The bobbins are therefore shifted
relatively to each other and consequently also form a zig zag line relatively to the
magnetic system as indicated in Fig. 2, in which the commencement of the different
bobbins, marked 1 to 4 and 1' to 4 are indicated.
This zig zag line is formed of radial active bars and circular inactive bars, there
are therefore eight radial parts as commencements of all the eight which are all at
equal distances from each other, such distance being 4ths of the distance between two
contiguous poles of the magnetic field.
Figure 3, shews all the radial parts, with the circular connecting parts omitted.
The parts indicated with the same numerals belong to the same bobbins.
The connection of the bobbins with each other is shewn in Fig. 4 which shows a
developement of the same on a plane, the superposed and laterally shifted parts being
assumed to lie in one and the same plane. There are ten coiling spaces corre
sponding to the number of the poles, and they are indicated on the drawing by the
numerals I to X; the commencement of bobbin 1 lies in the space I, that of bobbin 2
in the space 11 &c. The commencement and end of each bobbin, are as already
stated, always connected with two contiguous radial bars.
The connection of the separate bobbins is effected in such manner; that the end
of the bobbin 1 which is in space I is connected to the commencement of bobbin 2
in space II, while the end of bobbin 2 is connected to the commencement of bobbin 3
in space III &c.
Lastly the end of bobbin 4' in space IX is connected with the commencement of
bobbin 1.
The current can be led off by means of a divided commutator cylinder as described
in the said Patent No. 144781 this being formed by branched pieces from the
bobbin bars.
In the arrangement shewn, in which there are 8 bobbins each consisting of
ten parts, the commutator is formed with 40 parts according to the rule stated in
Patent No. 144781.
The two brushes are situated at two diametrically opposite points. They effect
the short circuiting of that bobbin in which, in consequence of its relative position
to the magnetic system no current is produced.
The direction of current changes in each bobbin ten times during one revolution,
in accordance with the number of field magnet poles. As there are two brushes to
take up the current, each bobbin must have five of its active bars connected each to
one commutator plate, and between two such active bars there are three other parts
of the bobbin, one being an active bar and two being circular inactive bars, serving
as connections.
Instead of a single system of eight bobbins several such systems can be employed,

page_text: thus obtaining 16, 24 &c. bobbins. The number of systems is dependent upon the
capacity of the 10 coiling spaces for including further bars.
If the bobbins of the second system are, designated by 1x to 4x and 1x' to 4x³,
the bars of the bobbin 1x, will lie next the bars of the bobbin 1 that is, between the
bars of the bobbins 1 and 2.
The same holds good as regards the position of the bars 1x¹, 2x and 2x1, 3x
and 3x1 &c. The connection of the two systems of bobbins is such that the end of
the bobbin 4' (situated in space IX) is connected to the commencement of bobbin 1x
(situated in space 1) and finally the end of bobbin 4x (in space IX) is again
connected with the beginning of bobbin 1 (in space I).
In this way a closed conducting circuit is obtained. In the same way a 3rd 4th &c..
system of bobbins may be arranged. Each first bobbin of the further system is.
always situated between the bars of bobbin 1 and 2 or 1 and 21 of the first system,.
and the position of the others is made to correspond.
In Fig. 4 each hobbin is, as before stated represented by a zig zag line, consisting
of 11 radial and axial bars which are connected by are shaped bars. The 11th radial
or axial bar, as also the corresponding arched connecting bars between the 8 bobbins
are indicated by dotted lines, and lie in a different plane from the other parts. Of
the latter the radial and axial bars lie in one plane and the arc shaped bars in
another plane.
The connection of the S bobbins can also be effected in a different manner.
Instead of the dotted 11th bars and their connections, the commencement of bobbins 4.,.
situated in space IV, can for example be connected directly with the end of the
9th bar of the 3rd bobbin (in the figure this connecting line is indicated by a dot
and dash line) in which case the 10th and 11th radial and axial bars of each bobbin
are done away with. With this arrangement the inactive are shaped part of the
coiling offers a greater resistance than the active part.
It is easy to arrange the mode of connection and the disposition of the bars in
other ways.
It is always possible so to construct an armature that it consists throughout of
screwed bars.
The portion of the armature which is the seat of the electro-motive force consists
of bars having one and the same position, which pass through relatively powerful
magnetic fields. With only one system of bobbins (8 bobbins) there are, independently
of the dotted parts which lie in a separate plane, 80 radial bars with an arrangement
of 10 poles.
The construction of the machine can either be one with inside poles, or one in
which two of the magnets form together a magnetic field.
The first arrangement is shewn respectively in cross section and back view at
Figs. 5 and 6 of the drawings, while the second one is shewn at Figs. 7 and 8.
The shaft A, driven by the pulley B is carried in the framing G; on the shaft
is fixed a disc a to which the bobbins are fixed as will be presently explained. The
magnets, which are indicated by N and S are fixed by screws to the ring shaped
part G of the framing, as at Fig. 5. The radial parts of the winding, indicated in
C₁ which
Figs. 3 and 4 by the numerals 1 to 4 and 1' to 4', are formed by a har krk.
is bent in such a manner that the parts kk thereof are parallel to the axis of the
magnet, while the part r is at right angles to the axis.
Every alternate bar is provided with a horizontal extension serving as part of the
commutator. The arc shaped connecting pieces of the radial part, indicated by
dotted lines in Figs. 1 and 2 are connected to the separate bars krkc in the
manner inlicated in the diagram Fig. 4, being connected to the limbs kk; for the
sake of clearness this is not shewn on the drawing. The connection of the limbs k
with the disc a on the side of the magnets opposite to that on which the commutator
is situated must be such that they are insulated from each other. The commutator
can be arranged as described in patent No. 144781.
The arms for fixing the commutator brushes are secured to the framing.
The arrangement shown at Figs. 7 and 8 only differs from the foregoing in that,

page_text: in addition to the inner magnets, there are provided an equal number of outer
magnets; these are fixed to a ring D secured to the base of the frame and to an
arm G thereof.
As shewn in the modification at Fig. 9, the outer magnets could be replaced by
surrounding the parts with a number of iron bars e of circular section, or by
forming the parts themselves of iron.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is.
1. In dynamo-electric or magneto-electric machines wherein separate electrical
impulses generated immediately after each other in different parts of the machine,
are combined to form a continuous current, in the manner described in the Specifi-
cation to Patent 144781, the arrangement of the separate bobbins in the form of
zig zag lines, composed of radial or axial active parts and of circular non-active
parts, of which the former are always in the same relative position to the magnet
system in each bobbin, while for the connection of the several bobbins the radial or
axial end bars thereof are either in duplicate or the two radial end bars are entirely
omitted, substantially as described.
2. The combination of the commutator cylinder having multiple parts such as was
described in the Specification to Patent 144781 with the separate zig-zag shaped
bobbins referred to in the preceding claim in such manner that between two
commutator parts of the bobbin are situated three other parts, of which one is active
and two are inactive substantially as described.
Dated this 10th day of April 1890.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicants.