Improvements in Filters.
Year: 1899

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Filters.
I, NICHOLAS JACOBSON, of Canal Krukov 7, St. Petersburg, Russia, Gentleman,
lo hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
-
The filter, forming the object of this invention, consists of a cylindrical vessel
of sheet metal, closed at both ends by bolted covers and provided with a feeding
tube, a delivery cock, and a mud cock. The cylinder of the filter rotates on
two trunnions, supported on standards fixed to the floor, or on a frame mounted
on wheels, or directly on wheels, and in this case it is provided with shafts for
a horse or for transporting the filter by hand. To prevent the trunnions from
being withdrawn from their bearings, they are secured by screws, parallel to
the axis of the trunnions. The dimensions of the cylinder are usually 2 feet in
diameter and 3 feet in height.
The filtering matter of the filter consists of 6 to 12 parts of charcoal, 1 part of
washed river sand, and 1 part of magnesite or Portland cement, with about
1 part of water added according to the degree of dryness of the charcoal. This
filtering matter is made into briquette-layers, which are washed after manu-
facture with hot water for removing, when Portland cement is used, the excess
of free lime. The briquette-layers are made either into separate round cakes of
a diameter corresponding to the dimensions of the cylinder, by compressing them
to the desired degree of density, or by directly compressing the matter in the
vessel. Such briquette-layers are 1 to 2 inches thick and are superposed to
the number of 12 to 24 in such a manner that one or two briquette-layers may
be removed as required. The topmost and lowest layers are secured to the sides
of the vessel by removable wire netting. Between each two briquette-layers
a stratum of washed sand (about 1/4 inch thick) is interposed The upper briquette-
layer should be at least 7 inches thick. After all the briquette-layers have
been removed new briquette-layers may be placed in the cylinder; the spaces
between the cylinder and the briquette-layers are filled with a mortar, formed
of 1 part of cement and 3 parts of sand.
This filtering matter absorbs only the particles which can penetrate into the
pores of the material. The coarser particles are deposited at the bottom of the
vessel (the filter being vertical) and may be withdrawn through the mud cock.
All the briquette-layers are equally porous, the lower layer will thus be most
dirty and the others less so proportionally to their position. The output of the
filter will be on an average twice as small as the volume of water capable of
passing through a layer in a normal state; this must be taken into consideration
When the filter is charged with new
in calculating the output of a filter.
briquette-layers or the upper surface of the first layer is removed, the vessel must
be turned upside down.
The filter may work at different pressures, according to the density of the
briquette-layers; it may be connected directly to a water main or to a pump.
Water is always led in at the bottom and taken from the top of the cylindrical

page_text: The advantage of this filter consists in that the output of filtered water is
always proportional to the quantity of the filtering matter; thus an indefinite
quantity of filtered water may be obtained, according to the size and numbers
of working filters. The filters can serve for all necessities of the population,
giving water for drinking, for use in kitchens, and for all domestic needs. The
filtering matter is very cheap, and after use may be utilized as manure, or,
being dried, as fuel; in this latter case the dried matter is mixed in equal parts
with any other suitable fuel.
These filters being capable of rotation, and being easily transportable, form
very serviceable apparatus.
Dated this 1st day of February 1899
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in Filters.
1, NICHOLAS JACOBSOHN, of Canal Krukov 7, St. Petersburg, Russia, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:
The filter, forming the object of this invention, consists of a cylindrical vessel
of sheet metal, closed at both ends by bolted covers and provided with a feeding
tube, a delivery cock, and a mud cock. The cylinder of the filter rotates on
two trunnions, supported on standards fixed to the floor, or on a frame mounted
on wheels, or directly on wheels, and in this case it is provided with shafts for
a horse or for transporting the filter by hand. To prevent the trunnions from
being withdrawn from their bearings, they are secured by screws, parallel to
the axis of the trunnions. The dimensions of the cylinder are usually 2 feet in
diameter and 3 feet in height.
The filtering matter of the filter consists of 6 to 12 parts of charcoal, 1 part of
washed river sand, and 1 part of magnesite or Portland cement, with about
1 part of water added according to the degree of dryness of the charcoal. This
filtering matter is made into briquette-layers, which are washed after manu-
facture with hot water for removing, when Portland cement is used, the excess
of free lime. The briquette-layers are made either into separate round cakes of
a diameter corresponding to the dimensions of the cylinder, by compressing them
to the desired degree of density, or by directly compressing the matter in the
vessel. Such briquette-layers are one to two inches thick and are superposed to
the number of 12 to 24 in such a manner that one or two briquette-layers may
be removed as required. The topmost and lowest layers are secured to the sides
of the vessel by removeable wire netting. Between each two briquette-layers
a stratum of washed sand (about 1/4 inch thick) is interposed. The upper briquette-
layer should be at least 7 inches thick. After all the briquette-layers have
been removed new briquette-layers may be placed in the cylinder; the spaces
between the cylinder and the briquette-layers are filled with a mortar, formed
of 1 part of cement and 3 parts of sand.
This filtering matter absorbs only the particles which can penetrate into the
pores of the material. The coarser particles are deposited at the bottom of the
vessel (the filter being vertical) and may be withdrawn through the mud cock.
All the briquette-layers are equally porous, the lower layer will thus be most

page_text: dirty and the others less so proportionally to their position. The output of the
filter will be on an average twice as small as the volume of water capable of
passing through a layer in a normal state; this must be taken into consideration
in calculating the output of a filter. When the filter is charged with new
briquette-layers or the upper surface of the first layer is removed, the vessel must
be turned upside down.
The filter may work at different pressures, according to the density of the
briquette-layers; it may be connected directly to a water main or to a pump.
Water is always led in at the bottom and taken from the top of the cylindrical
vessel.
The advantage of this filter consists in that the output of filtered water is
always proportional to the quantity of the filtering matter; thus an indefinite
quantity of filtered water may be obtained, according to the size and numbers
of working filters. The filters can serve for all necessities of the population,
giving water for drinking, for use in kitchens, and for all domestic needs. The
filtering matter is very cheap, and after use may be utilized as manure, or,
being dried, as fuel; in this latter case the dried matter is mixed in equal parts
with any other suitable fuel.
These filters being capable of rotation, and being easily transportable, form
very serviceable apparatus.
The drawings illustrate filters made in accordance with this invention.
Figure 1 is a vertical section, Figure 2 a side elevation, and Figure 3 a plan of
a filter supported on a frame mounted on wheels.
a is the cylindrical vessel closed at both ends by covers b bolted to it and
provided with a feeding tube c, a delivery cock d, and a mud cock e. The
cylinder a rotates on two trunnions f f supported on standards g g fixed to the
frame mounted on wheels i. are the layers of briquettes.
Screws for keeping the trunnions in their bearings, and preventing the vessel a
from rotating, when it is moved about, may be provided. Such a screw is
shown in Figures 4 and 5, it passes through the standard and
the flange of the trunnion.
engages with
Figure 6 is a vertical section, Figure 7 a side elevation, and Figure 8 a plan,
of a filter mounted directly on wheels.
The same letters of reference apply to these figures.
Shafts m are provided for moving the filter from place to place.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. Filtering matter consisting briquette-layers of charcoal, sand and magnesite
or Portland cement substantially as described.
2. Filters substantially as described and illustrated in the drawings.
Dated this 5th day of July 1899.
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.