IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FORGING HORSE-SHOE NAILS AND OTHER SMALL ARTICLES
Year: 1876

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LETTERS PATENT to Edwin Lewis Brundage, of Leeds, in the County of York,
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FORGING
HORSE-SHOE NAILS AND OTHER SMALL ARTICLES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edwin Lewis Brundage at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th August 1876.
« LM-
EDWIN LEWIS BRUNDAGE, of Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer.
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FORGING HORSE-SHOE NAILS AND OTHER SMALL
ARTICLES."
My Invention of improvements in machinery for forging horse-shoe nails and
other small articles relates to that class of machinery in which the nail or other
article is produced from heated metal rods of suitable section by means of a series
of blows given in rapid succession by a number of hammers arranged in a circle,
and to which a rapid up-and-down motion is given by the elastic force of steam
acting in a suitable cylinder.
My first improvement consists in a novel mode of constructing and operating the
valve for working the steam hammer. This valve which I call a balance valve
works within a cylinder, the steam being admitted both on the upper and under
side of the valve, thereby balancing it, there being no back pressure of steam upon
it; thereby rendering the valve as near as possible free from wear and effective and
true in operating the hammer.
In constructing the valve I make a casting consisting mainly of a cylinder which
forms the top of the machine, and is made fast to the standards of the frame
between which the hammer works. In the centre of this casting I form a plain
cylinder in which works the piston rod which has ports leading into it. Inside
this cylinder I place another cylinder which fits steam-tight at its ends, leaving
about one inch or less. There are projections which divide the steam and exhaust
ports, and for dividing the steam ports of the piston rod. The valve is a rocking
valve working on a central shaft and having a very short motion, as the ports are
of great length extending from top to bottom of the cylinder to within an inch at
cach end. On the stem of the valve is keyed a short lever or arm, connected by
means of a rod with a rocking lever, on the rocking shaft of which is also keyed a

page_text: double-acting or two armed rocking lever or shoe which bears against the face of a
guide attached to the rising and falling hammer. This guide is provided with
adjustable and movable cam blocks, the positions of which are capable of adjust-
ment according to the lift of the hammer and the required force of blow as these
cam blocks as they rise and fall act on the rocking levers, and regulate the
admission of the steam through the valve to the steam cylinder of the hammer.
The next improvement relates to the mechanism for forming the head and cutting
off the piece of metal from the end of the rod to form the nail. The heading and
cutting off operations act in unison, that is, the hammer first comes down and nicks
the rod to form the head, then the cutter stock advances and cuts off the blank for
the nail and at the same time forms the side of the head, to which end the cutter
stock is provided with a heading die, and in conjunction with a fixed die in the
stationary cutter stock forms two sides of the head; the hammer then comes down
again and completes the top and bottom sides of the head, when the cutter stock
again advances and gives the blank a second blow so as to completo the head; the
cutter stock then recedes, and the red hot rod is pushed forward up to the stationary
guide so as to be ready to form a second headed blank in the same manner.
next advance of the cutter stock will push the last formed headed blank sideways
over an opening, down which it is forced by a plunger connected with the hammer,
and is pushed into the grip of the grippers which carry the blank through the machine
until the nail is finished by repeated blows of the hammers. The moveable part of
the cutter stock is actuated by means of a toggle joint which is worked by cams on
the gripper carriage.
The
Another improvement relates to an improved form of stop for limiting the length
of stroke of the hammer so as to prevent the moveable dies from coming in contact
with the fixed dics, and to regulate the length of stroke according to the size of
nail to be made. The anvil stop is made of a plate of steel set in a recess made in
a block of wrought iron securely fixed in the heavy casting which forms the anvil.
In order to remove this steel anvil stop with facility when it becomes necessary so
to do, a vertical hole is made through the anvil and wrought-iron block. This hole
is tapped to receive a strong screw bolt, and by introducing this lattor into the
tapped hole and turning it round it will prize the steel plate out of its seat, when it
can be removed by hand.
The next improvement relates to the mechanism for imparting motion to the
gripper carriage which is rotated intermittently by the up-and-down motion of the a
hammer, this is effected by means of a cam-shaped slot made in a cast block which
is fixed to the hammer cylinder. This block is cast by itself so that it may be
chilled, and thereby the slot is protected from wear by the working of the pin or
stud which is fixed in a rocking arm, the lower end of which carries a pawle that
takes into ratchet teeth on the gripper carriage.
In order to prevent undue and irregular wear of the under or rubbing surfaces of
the gripper carriage, this latter is made to rest on a thin steel ring which is loose,
so that it is capable of a slight motion. By this means the irregular cutting or
wear of the under side of the gripper carriage by the action of the cinders or scale
is prevented, it also prevents the bearing face of the anvil on which the gripper
carriage is supported from being cut by the motion of the carriage thereon.
The grippers are kept to their work by means of coiled or helical springs which
are much more durable than flat springs; these belical springs are adapted to the
rear ends of the grippers and act against a button at the end of the follower, and
thereby keep it pressed forward.
The last improvement relates to feeding the nail rod into the machine auto-
matically so as to dispense with the use of an attendant for this purpose. To effect
this object the rod must be made continuous or in a long length, and to this end
one of the extremities of every one of the merchantable rods or bars of iron is made
with a dovetail socket or recess, and the other end with a corresponding dovetail 5
tongue, so that by fitting the tongue of one rod into the recess of another imme-

page_text: diately preceding it and repeating this operation with any convenient number of
rods a continuous length of rod of any extent may be obtained. This rod is passed
through a heating furnace, where in a very short space of time it will be made
sufficiently hot to be operated upon in the machine.
The automatic feeding apparatus consists of a pair of toggle joint tongs, the jaws
of which when the toggle is moved forward and straightened will grip the rod and
carry it forward to the desired extent, and thrust the heated end up to the gauge
plate; but when the toggle is drawn back the jaws will open and release the rod
until the tongs are moved forward again for a second feed, when the jaws will
again seize the red hot rod and move it forward the required distance.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by the
said Edwin Lewis Brundage in the Great Scal Patent Office on the
15th February 1877.
EDWIN LEWIS BRUNDAGE, of Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FORGING HORSE-SHOE NAILS AND OTHER SMALL
ARTICLES."
My Invention of "Improvements in Machinery for Forging Horse-shoe Nails and
other Small Articlos" relates to that class of machinery in which the nail or other
article is produced from heated metal rods of suitable section by means of a series
of blows given in rapid succession by a number of haminers arranged in a circle, and
to which a rapid up-and-down motion is given by the elastic force of steam
acting in a suitable cylinder.
My first improvement consists in a novel nodo of constructing and operating the
valve for working the steam hammer. This valve, which I call a balance valve,
works within a cylinder, the steam being admitted both on the upper and under
side of the valve, thereby balancing it, there being no back pressure of steam upon
it, thereby rendering the valve as near as possible free from wear, and also effective
and true in operating the hammer.
In constructing the valve I make a casting consisting mainly of a cylinder which
forms the top of the machine, and is made fast to the standards of the frame
between which the hammer works. In the centre of this casting I form a plain
cylinder, in which works the piston rod which has ports leading into it. Inside
this cylinder I place another cylinder which fits steam-tight at its ends, leaving
about one inch or less. There are projections which divide the steam and exhaust
ports, and for dividing the steam ports of the piston rod. The valve is a rocking
valve working on a central shaft and having very short motion, as the ports are
of great length extending from top to bottom of the cylinder, to within an inch at
each end. On the stem of the valve is keyed a short lever or arm, connected by
means of a rod with a rocking lever, on the rocking shaft of which is also keyed a
double acting or two-armed rocking lover or shoe, which bears against the face of a
guide attached to the rising and falling hammer. This guide is provided with
adjustable and moveable cam blocks, the positions of which are capable of adjust-
inent according to the lift of the hammer and the required force of blow, as these
cam blocks as they rise and fall act on the rocking levers, and regulate tho
admission of the steam through the valve to the steam cylinder of the hammer.
The next improvement relates to the mechanism for forming the head, and cutting
off the piece of metal from the end of the rod to form the nail. The heading and
cutting off operations act in unison, that is, the hammer first comes down and nicks
the rod to form the head, then the cutter stock advances and cuts off the blank for
the nail, and at the same time forms the side of the head, to which end the cutter
stock is provided with a heading die, and, in conjunction with a fixed die in the

page_text: stationary cutter stock, forms two sides of the head. The hammer then comes
down again and completes the top and bottom sides of the head when the cutter
stock again advances and gives the blank a second blow so as to complete the head.
The cutter stock then recedes, and the red hot rod is pushed forward up to the
stationary guide, so as to be ready to form a second headed blank in the same
manner. The next advance of the cutter stock will push the last formed headed
blank sideways over an opening, down which it is forced by a plunger connected
with the hammer, and is pushed into the grip of the grippers, which carry the blank
through the machine, until the nail is finished by repeated blows of the hammers.
The moveable part of the cutter stock is actuated by means of a toggle joint, which
is worked by cams on the gripper carriago.
Another improvement relates to an improved form of stop for limiting the length
of stroke of the hammer, so as to prevent the moveable dies from coming in contact
with the fixed dies, and to regulate the length of stroke according to the size of nail
to be made. The anvil stop is made of a plate of steel set in a recess, made in a
block of wrought iron securely fixed in the heavy casting which forms the anvil.
In order to remove this steel anvil stop with facility when it becomes necessary so
to do a vertical hole is made through the anvil and wrought iron block. This hole
is tapped to receive a strong screw bolt, and by introducing this latter into the
tapped hole and turning it round it will prize the steel plate out of its seat when it
can be removed by hand.
The next improvement relates to the mechanism for imparting motion to the
gripper carriage, which is rotated intermittently by the up-and-down motion of the
hammer. This is effected by means of a cam shaped slot made in a cast block which
is fixed to the haminer cylinder. This block is cast by itself so that it may be
chilled, and thereby the slot is protected from wear by the working of the pin or
stud which is fixed in a rocking arm, the lower end of which carries a pawl that
takes into ratchet teeth in the gripper carriage.
In order to prevent undue and irregular wear of the rubbing surfaces of the
gripper carriage this latter is made to rest on a thin steel ring, which is loose, so
that it is capable of a slight motion. By this means the irregular cutting or wear
of the under side of the gripper carriage by the action of the cinder or scale is
prevented. It also prevents the bearing face of the anvil on which the gripper
carriage is supported from being cut by the motion of the carriage thereon.
The grippers are kept to their work by means of coiled or helical springs which
are adapted to the rear end of the grippers, and act against a button at the end of
the follower, and thereby keep it pressed forward.
The last improvement relates to feeding the nail rod into the machine auto-
matically, so as to dispense with the use of an attendant for this purpose. To effect
this object the rod must be made continuous or in a long length, and to this end one
of the extremities of every one of the inerchantable rods or bars of iron is made
with a dovetail socket or recess, and the other end with a corresponding dovetail
tongue, so that by fitting the tongue of one rod into the recess of another imme-
diately preceding it, and repeating this operation with any convenient number of
rods, a continuous length of rod of any extent may be obtained. This rod is passed
through a heating furnace, where in a very short space of time it will be made
sufficiently hot to be operated upon in the machine.
The automatic feeding apparatus consists of a pair of toggle joint tongs, the
jaws of which when the togglo is moved forward and straightened will grip the rod
and carry it forward to the desired extent, and thrust the heated end up to the
gauge plate, but when the toggle is drawn back the jaws will open and release the
rod until the tongs are moved forward again for a second feed, when tne jaws
will again seize the red hot rod and move it forward the required distance.
In the accompanying Drawings Fig. 1 is a front elevation of the machine; Fig. 2
is a vertical cross section; Fig. 3 is a vertical section from front to rear; Fig. 4 is a
rear elevation; Fig. 5 is a sectional plan in the line x, x, of Fig. 1; Fig. 6 is a plan

page_text: view of the top, the steam chest and a portion of the top of the gripper carriage
being removed; Fig. 7 is a plan view of the top of the frame in section through the
steam chest and valve; Fig. 8 is an enlarged vertical cross section of the steam
chest and valve; Fig. 9, an outside view of the steam chest cylinder. Other sectional
and detail Figures will be hereafter described or referred to, and have like letters of
roference marked on like parts in all the Figures.
In the construction of my machine A is a base with columns B, B, for connecting
it with the plate C, and forming one casting, a space is thus left below the anvil D,
in order to insert the die bolts a, a, for screwing the dies b, b, in a circular recess of
the anvil which is placed upon the base C. Upon the anvil D is placed_tho
frame E and gripper carriage F, and upon the top of standards of the frame E is
secured a casting G which is made fast by projecting flanges c, c, in recesses of the
frame, and secured by bolts d, d, forming that part of the frame which contains a
cylinder H, Fig. 2, which forms the steam chest, and connected with which is the
stationary piston rod I and piston J. The casting G is bored out transversely in
the form of a plain cylinder after the piston rod I has been made fast by being forced
into its place in a plain bored hole in the casting as represented in Figures 2 and 8.
The end of the piston rod forms a portion of the bore for the reception of the
steam chest cylinder H, which is made with flanges e, e, Fig. 7, at its ends, and ribs
ff, and g lengthwise, as shown at Figures 8 and 9. These parts are turned to fit
in the bore of the frame G with a steam-tight joint, and leave spaces h, i, j, Fig. 8,
which form steam passages, the ribs f, f, on either side dividing the passages h, i,
and h, j, and the rib g dividing the connection between i and j. The piston rod is
made with steam passages and opening into i and j.
The steam chest cylinder is closed with covers K, L, Figures 3 and 7, at either
end, the same as an ordinary steam cylinder. These covers K. and L support the
valve stock M, which is keyed upon a shaft m. The valves n, n, are let into
recesses of the stock M, and made fast by bolts o, o, so that for any wear or
adjustment of their working surface to the cylinder H, they may be moved
outwards and secured so as to form a perfect working steam joint.
The steam is admitted to the cylinder or steam chest H by an ordinary throttle
valve adapted to the pipe P, Fig. 8, and enters by way of openings through
the valve stock M to either side of the shaft in and freely above and below
the valve, thereby avoiding or extraordinary wear from such pressure. The
exhaust steam is discharged through the pipe q, Fig. 3, which terminates in
the steam space h. The valve is operated by means of a crank arm 7, Figures 1
and 3, keyed to the shaft m, a connecting rod 8, Fig. 1, serving to connect it to the
arm keyed upon the shaft u, and upon the opposite end of which is keyed a
rocking lever or shoe v, to which is given a rocking motion by the rise and fall of
the hammer N by means of valve shifters wand x, which are made fast upon a
projecting plate y of the hammer. The shifters w and a are made inoveable and
adjustable up or down to an exact degree so as to operate the valve at the exact
point for the rise and fall of the hammer, and to admit the steam above the piston
and govern the force of blow required in forging the nails to the required gauge.
Thus it will be readily seen that the valve is given a rocking motion, and will
alternately open the steam ports 2, 2, for the admission of the steam to the
passages i, j, and k, l, for the rise and fall of the hammer, and will alternately cover
the ports z, z, and exhaust ports a³, a¹, for the passage of the exhaust steam to the
passage and pipe q.
The steam cylinder O forms a part of the hammer, in a heavy projecting flange
of which is formed a circular recess at the lower end of the hammer, in which are
secured the forging dies b¹, b¹, by bolts c¹, cl,.as seen in Figures 2 and 3; these dies
are secured in segments of four and five, and are an exact reverse facsimile of the
stationary anvil dies b, b, below. The hammer is secured and runs in guides d³, d',
Fig. 1, which are made fast by bolts e¹, e', to projecting flanges forming a part of the
uprights of the frame. Motion is given to the gripper carriage F, Figures 1, 2,

page_text: and 3, at each upward motion of the hammer. This carriage F moves an exact
distance to carry the grippers f¹, f¹, from under one upper or moving die to the
next succeeding one, and at the same time causes them to revolve one-fourth of a
revolution by means of the pinions g', g', Fig. 2, working in the stationary rack h¹.
This is effected by means of a cam slot P, Figures 4 and 6, which is made fust to
the rising and falling hammer, and which slot gives the lever Q, Figures 3 and 4,
an oscillatory motion as a friction roller i upon a stud j¹ projecting from the
lever works in the cam slot P. As the hammer N rises it by means of the cam
slot P throws the lower end of the lever Q forward, and gives motion to the
carriage F by means of the pawle k, taking into the ratchet teeth of the
carriage F, and as the hammer falls it carries the pawle k back the distance of one
tooth of the carriage F. The pawle is secured to the lever by a ball-and-
socket joint m¹, and as the pawle is carried back it is thrown out by riding over
the next tooth immediately following the one just operated upon, and is forced in
by a spring n¹.
As the carriage is propelled forward with a quick motion it is secured from
impetus and travelling further than the exact required distance, and stopped at the
exact line for the blow to bo given by the stop pawle o¹; this pawle is forced in a
space of the teeth by the spring p', and is thrown out for the next succeeding
motion of the carriage by means of the lever operating upon the arm q¹ of the stop
pawle o¹, and as the carriage F is moved forward and brought with force against
the stop pawle (which causes it to recoil) the pawlo ¹ is forced in by the spring s¹,
and secures the carriage to its exact position of stop.
When the carriage is moved forward the next succeeding tooth forces the pawle
out for its own passage, thus securing the exact movement and stoppage of the
grippers during the fall of the hammer, and while the blow is given. The lever Q
is secured and works upon the fulcrum shaft t¹ supported by a standard R. (bolted
to the frame) and an ear or lug ¹ projecting from the plate S, which is made fast
to the frame by bolts v1, v¹. The cam P is made separate from the hammer, and is
fitted in and secured by the dovetail w¹, and one of the bolts c' passing vertically
through it, as shewn at Figures 2 and 3. The cam P being thus cast separate from
the hammer it becomes possible to cast the cam upon a chill of the shape of the
slot, and thus harden the wearing surface, whereby I secure great durability.
There are two cutter stocks, one stationary and one moving, for carrying the
cutters for cutting the blanks from the nail rod. There are also dies for swaging
the rod for any desired shape of nail head. The stationary stock T, Figures 1 and
5, and shewn detached at Figures 10 and 11, is made fast upon the frame by the
bolt, and is stayed laterally by the bolt y', which holds the cutter and header
die d", as shewn in the enlarged plan view, Fig. 10 and in Fig. 11, which is a cross
section through the same. The moving cutter stock U is secured to the rock
shaft V, and carries the cutter b¹¹ and header c", and receives its motion at every
second motion of the gripper carriage by a toggle joint du, e¹¹, made fast to the frame,
and working upon the bolt f", and connected to the cutter stock by the bolt g¹¹
Motion is given by the cams ", h, projecting from the carriage acting upon a
roller in the arm of the toggle joint, and the return or back motion of the cutter
is given by the canis h, h, operating the lever j" against the roller in the arm i
The toggle joint as it is straightened and forces the cutter forward cuts the blank from
the rod, as at , Figures 12, 13, and 14, which represent short lengths of rod with
the blanks prepared at the end. The headers swage and nick the rod sideways, as
at 1, Figures 12 and 13, for heading the next succeeding nail, and is made to work
past the straight line. When the roller i¹¹ is upon the top of the cam ", Fig. 5, BO
as to draw the header slightly back and relieve the rod, the hammer then comes
down and swages the rod (as at mu, Figures 12 and 13) top and bottom by a
die n, Figures 1 and 3, carried by the haminer N in conjunction with the die
a. The toggle joint upon its return motion on passing its straight line of motion
swages the rod a second time, and again the hammer comes down and swages the

page_text: rod a second time, when it is immediately passed forward against the gauge W,
Figs. 10 and 11, for the next operation of cutting and shaping by the feeding
tongs o", which grips and carries the rod forward on the back motion of the cutter ;
this is done by a pin p" operating the lever 7" connected to the toggle joint 7ll of
the tongs, and as the cutter has its motion forward they are drawn back, and at
the same time they open for the next succeeding feed of the rod. The jaws (as at
81, Fig. 15) of the tongs project below the joints in a recess X, Fig. 10, of the
stationary cutter stock.
The header c¹¹, Figures 10 and 11, is made fast in its place by a wedge-headed
bolt, and the header die is made fast by the hook headed bolt u¹¹. The
cutter z¹ is made fast by the bolt ", which screws into and binds the gauge W to
the stock and cutter between the gauge and stock. The moving cutter 6" is made
fast by the bolt w11, Fig. 16, the head of which forms a section of the recess of the
cutter stock which carries the cutter.
The nail rods are made in suitable lengths for convenient handling, and the ends
are prepared in a punching machine, one end with a dovetail socket or recess, and
the other end with a corresponding dovetail tongue. These parts are joined together,
as at 1, Fig. 13, one to the other, immediately before the latter end of the forward
rod passes into and through a continuous heating furnace. By this means an
uninterrupted or continuous length of rod and feed, and also an even degree of heat
is imparted to the rod.
It will now be seen that a given quantity of rod is fed to the machine in a given
time, and the heat is regulated to a uniform degree, and the best results attained in
the temper and strength of the nails which are produced. The hammer is limited
in its length of stroke by the anvil stop Y. The hammer stop Z gauges the exact
approach of the haminer to the anvil dies, and ensures a uniform gauge of blow to
the blanks in the operation of forging the nails. These stops are made of plates of
steel tempered very hard; the anvil stop is set firmly into a recess made in a
wrought-iron block A¹ securely fixed in the anvil D, and in order to remove the stop
with facility for renewal (as is occasionally required), and to avoid the necessity of
taking the machine apart a vertical hole is made through the anvil D and wrought-
iron block A¹, and the hole through the wrought iron is tapped to receive a strong
screw bolt, which as it is screwed in will force the stop Y out of its recess, when it
may be replaced by a new one, and then the hammer may be put in motion to force
the stop Y to its place,
For removing the hammer stop Z, a hole is made vertically through the centre of
the hammer N, between the stop and the cylinder, and by the removal of the piston
a rod of steel may be inserted for the purpose of driving it out, the stop Z may
then be renewed, as in the case of the anvil.
The grippers which carry the blanks of which the nails are forged, and also the
socket pinion, are represented one half working size in the longitudinal section, Fig.
17. The pinions g¹, Fig. 2, are made hollow to carry the grippers within thein, and
are caused to revolve on the rack h², which is bolted to the anvil. The grippers f¹,
f1, are constructed in two parts, and are held together by a ring D¹, Fig. 17. A
separate one half view of the gripper and opener is shewn at Fig. 18, and an end
view of pinion and opener at Fig. 19. The inner ends or blades of the grippers
B', B', are made concave for the reception of the helical spring E¹, the follower
F1, and the wedge or cone G¹. The opener C³ is made octagonal, so that it cannot
turn in the socket, and a section of the inside is shaped as a hollow V, so as to act
as a wedge in opening the grippers. The projections H³, H³, Fig. 18, of the opener
enclose the gripper blades, and hold the grippers from turning within the socket.
The grippers are held together evenly by the fulcrum pin I, which is held in
grooves across the gripper, and is pressed in the socket by the helical spring J' (in
the opener) pressing upon the end of the follower F, which has an outside bearing
against the bracket K¹, Fig. 17, made fast to the carriage F, Figures 2, 3, and 5.
The operations of the grippers are as follows:-In the motion of the carriage F,

page_text: as the jaw of the gripper is brought to a vertical position (after the nail has re-
ceived the last finishing blow) the lover L', Figures 5 and 6, is forced in by a roller
or projection on the rocking shaft V in the motion of the cutter against two openers,
and forces in the wedge or cone G¹, thereby closing to a certain extent the spring
El, and closing the opener upon the blades of the grippers, thereby opening the jaws
first to discharge the finished nail, and then to receive a blank as it is cut from the
rod. This blank is forced by the moving cutter over the groove in a direct line
over the gripper jaw, and the blank is carried down the groove into the gripper
jaw by the punch M¹, which is carried by the hammer.
Immediately upon the commencement of the motion of the carriage the opener of
the gripper (having received the blank) travels past the end of the lever L³, and is
thrown out by the force of the spring E¹ acting upon the wedge or cone G¹, between
the gripper blades, and closes the jaws upon the blank, for the purpose of its being
carried in the operation of being forged by the series of blows. When the blows
are given, the spring J' will allow the gripper to recede a distance equal to the elon-
gation of the blank. This spring also presses the gripper in the socket, the ring D¹
being pressed against the inside flange in the end of the socket by the follower F¹.
At each upward motion of the hammer the carriage travels one forty-eighth part of
a revolution, the gripper pinions being carried with it. These grippers make one-
quarter of a revolution every time their carriage is moved forward, and they carry
the blank from one series of edge dies to another flat die, and from the flat dies o¹,
to the edge dies alternately. While the hammer makes its downward stroke the
carriage and grippers are at rest, and the nail blanks are in proper position, and ro-
ceive the blows; then as the hammer makes its second upward stroke, the nail rod is
again fed into the machine and another blank is cut off, received by the gripper, and
progresses through the machine the same as the first, and so on until all the grippers
have received a blank, and all the blanks in their progress over the anvil, and
between the anvil and hammer dies, receive alternately at each blow of the hammer
first an edge and then a flat blow throughout their progress in the revolution of
the carriage until the completion of the finished nail.
For preventing undue and irregular wear and friction of the under wearing
surface of the gripper carriage, and also to prevent it from bearing upon the anvil,
thin steel rings N¹ and O¹, placed loosely, and capable of motion with the carriage,
are placed between them, forming a double joint. By this arrangement of rings
extraordinary and irregular friction and cutting of the wearing surfaces of the
gripper carriage and anvil by the action of the cinder or scale is prevented.
Having now described my Invention, and having explained the manner of carry-
ing the same into effect, I claim as the Invention secured to me by Letters Patent
as aforesaid,
First. The construction of the cylinder valve chest H, with steam spaces and ports
and balance valve, constructed and operated to work as and for the purposes herein
set forth.
Second. I claim the system of side and vertical heading dies for swaging and
shaping the nail rod for forming various shapes of the nail heads substantially as
described.
Third. I claim the toggle joint for operating the cutter and moving side header
as described.
Fourth. I claim the cam P as constructed and attached to the hammer as and for
the purpose described.
Fifth. I claim in combination with the grippers and openers, the helical springs
E and J, constructed and operating as and for the purpose described.
Sixth. I claim the lever L³ operated by the cutter motion as and for the purpose
described.
Seventh. I claim the rings N¹ and O¹ as and for the purpose herein set forth.
Eighth. I claim the anvil stop, and the arrangement and construction of the
parts connected therewith, for the purpose of facilitating its removal and renewal
when desired, as herein set forth,

page_text: Ninth. I claim dovetailing or connecting together lengths of nail rod, so as to
obtain an uninterrupted or continuous feed. I also claim the toggle joint tongs or
their equivalent, for operating the feed of continuous length of nail rod as herein set
forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edwin Lewis Brundage, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Twelfth day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
E. L. BRUNDAGE. (L.S.)