Improvements in Apparatus for the Expression of Juice from Sugar Cane..
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Dec., 1889-Accepted, 11th Jan., 1890
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for the Expression of Juice from Sugar
Cane..
We, WALTER THOMSON, of Beheea, Shahabad, Bengal, temporarily residing at
No. 10 Belsize Avenue, St. Johns Wood, in the County of Middlesex, Zemindar, and
JAMES MYLNE, of Beheea, aforesaid, Zemindar, and JAMES BINGHAM ALLIOTT, of
Bloomsgrove Works, Nottingham, in the County of Notts, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has reference to portable apparatus for the expression of juice from.
sugar cane and particularly to such as is described in the specifications of former
Letters Patent granted to us namely No. 4038 dated 19th September 1881, and
No. 11618 dated 29th September 1885. The present improvements relate to (a)
constructions of the frames of such apparatus wholly of wrought or rolled metal
such as iron, or partly of metal and partly of wood, in such a manner that they shall
be strong and rigid ; (b) an arrangement enabling the rolls, roll-shafts and toothed
wheels for driving the same to be readily and quickly taken apart and replaced by
unskilled persons and whilst the apparatus is in a cane field or other place away from
a workshop; and (c) improved means for preventing the sugar cane treated; from
passing upward and between the toothed wheels and the rolls.
In order that the improvements may be clearly understood, reference will now be
had to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a perspective view illustrating one construction of sugar mill frame
according to this invention.
Figs. 2 and 3 are perspective views of the frame as seen from different points, the
upper beam 3 being shewn detached. The frame comprises two metal standards
connected by upper and lower beams. Each standard consists of inclined legs or
supports 1 and 2 of angle iron arranged to cross each other near their upper ends
and bolted or rivetted together as shewn. 3 is the upper beau, 4 the lower beam;
each is in the form of a flat plate of metal such as iron; they serve to rigidly
connect the two standards. The upper part of one longitudinal flange of each angle
iron leg is cut away as shewn at 5. To the outer surface of the upper part of each
leg and the inner surface of the upper part of each leg 2, is secured a suitably
formed plate 6, of such a thickness, and in such a manner, as to fill up the angle
so that both the inner and the outer surface of the upper end of each standard shall
be practically flat. These plates 6 also serve to strengthen the upper ends of the
standards. 7, 7 are angle iron brackets or supports secured one to the upper inner
side of each standard; these brackets or supports serve to carry the upper beam 3
which is rigidly connected to them by bolts 8 and nuts. 9, 9 are angle irons rivetted
to the ends of the beam 3 at such a distance apart that when this beam is in place,
their inner surfaces take or bear against the outer flat surfaces of the standards and
firmly hold the same against outward thrust when the apparatus is in use.
bolts 8 serve to maintain the standards in position in the opposite direction. The
angle irons 9 may be fixed to the upper outer sides of the standards instead of to
the beam 3 but in this case 4 bolts 8 and nuts would be necessary instead of two for
securing the beam 3 in place. The upper end of each of the legs 1 and 2 and the
plates 6 secured to them are each notched or recessed as shewn in Fig. 3 so as to .
form a flat bearing surface at 10 that is flush with the surface of the adjacent angle
iron 7. Near each end, the beam 3 is reduced in width as clearly shewn in Figs. 2
and 3 so as to fit between the notched upper ends of the legs which serve to guide
the plate and its end pieces 9 into their proper positions and also to firmly hold the
beam against strain in a transverse direction. The construction described enables
ID 1. 271
The

page_text: י
the beam 3 to be readily and quickly removed when necessary for cleaning the
bearings and rolls and for repairs or other purposes and afterwards to be easily
replaced. This is an advantage of considerable importance in such apparatus.
11, 11 are angle iron brackets secured one to each side of each standard. Each of
these brackets serves as a tie rod to the legs to which it is fixed, and also as a support
for the lower beam 4 which is rigidly and permanently connected to both brackets
by suitable means such as rivets.
The beam 3 is formed with two openings 3* for the passage of the roll shafts.
The beam 4 by which the roll shafts are supported may be provided with an
opening 4 to allow oil from the bearings or refuse to escape.
Each of the beams 3 and 4 has fixed to its upper side two angle irons 12 that
serve to strengthen and give rigidity to the beams so that they can be made of
thinner plate than they otherwise could. These angle irons 12 also form guideways
within which are arranged bearings 13 for the roll-shafts. 13ª is a nut through
which works a screw 13 for adjusting the position of the adjacent bearing 13.
These bearings are retained end ways within the guide ways by suitable plates 12×
secured to the inner sides of the angle irons at each end and against which the
bearing at one end, and the nut through which the adjusting screw passes at the
other end, rest.
Figs. 4 and 5 are similar views to Figs. 1 and 2 respectively, of a frame in which
the legs 1 and 2 of each standard are constructed of pieces of wood with flat surfaces
for brackets. The upper ends of these legs are crossed and joined in any suitable
manner as by a half checked joint as shewn in Fig. 5 and connected by bolts as in the
previously described arrangements. In this case the plates 6 (Figs. 1, 2 and 13) are
not required. The form of the legs may vary, as indicated, and those flanges of the
angle irons 7 and 11 that are to support the beams may be bent so as to be horizontal,
or the other or side flanges may be let into the legs as shown in order that the upper
flanges may be horizontal.
In other respects the construction and arrangement of the various parts of the
frame are similar to those shewn in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 and are correspondingly figured.
The legs instead of being of wood may be of flat bar metal connected together in the
manner described with reference to the angle iron cross legs in the first arrangement
above described.
.
Fig. 6 is a perspective view illustrating a construction in which the legs 1 and 2,
which may be of metal, or of wood, do not cross each other at the top, and are not
directly connected together as in the previously described arrangements bút are
connected by transverse angle irons 7 rivetted or otherwise secured to the upper
inner sides of the standards and by angle iron brackets 11, 11 secured to the inner
and outer sides of each leg as shown. The angle irons 7 serve to carry the upper
beam 3 as in the previously described arrangement. This beam which is connected
to the angle irons 7 by bolts 8 has rivetted thereto angle iron, 9 as before, or these
angle irons may be, rivetted to the upper outer sides of the standards to further
strengthen the same in which case the beam 3 would be connected to them by other
bolts similar to 8. The lower beam 4 is permanently secured to the angle iron
brackets 11, 11 as before. The beams 3 and 4 are provided with angle irons 12 as
in the previously described arrangements.
Figs. 7 and 8 are perspective views of a frame in which flat metal bars 7 and 11ª
are used in place of the angle irons 7 and 11 shewn in Fig. 6 and each of the
beams 3 and 4 has secured to each of its ends two parallel ribs 9" 9" as shewn more
clearly in Fig. 9 which is a perspective view of the underside of one of the beams.
Each beam is fitted into recesses formed in the upper parts of the plates 7° and 11ª ;
each pair of ribs 9" then embraces the corresponding pair of bars 7" and 11ª. The
upper beam is held in place by T headed bolts 8 and nuts and the lower beam is
rigidly secured in place by horizontal bolts 8 that pass the ribs 9ª and plates 11*.
The upper beam may also be further secured in place, by horizontal bolts similar
to 8 arranged to pass through the ribs 9ª of this beam and the plates. 7.
Fig. 10 is a perspective view illustrating a construction in which the legs 1 and 2

page_text: The
of each standard are made of angle iron crossed near the top and bolted or rivetted
together as shewn. At the upper end the angle iron constituting each leg is cut
through at the angle between the two flanges and the free end of each side of
the angle is bent down as shewn at 1 and 2ª to form a horizontal surface for the
beam to rest upon.
To the flanges thus produced at the upper end of each
standard the upper beam 3 is firmly bolted or rivetted as shewn. 11, 11 are angle
iron brackets rivetted to each pair of legs 1 and 2 to form supports for the lower
beam 4 and also to assist in binding these legs more rigidly together. The upper
and lower beams 3 and 4 are shewn as each made of a metal plate to the upper side
of which two straight pieces of angle iron 12 are rivetted so as to be parallel to
one another and at a suitable distance apart. The upper bean is formed with the
necessary holes or openings for the roll shafts. The bearings for the roll shafts
rest between the angle irons 12 which hold them in position laterally.
necessary strength to resist the strain of the shafts against the bearings caused by
the passage of cane or other material between the rolls, is obtained by means of a
piece of angle iron 14 that is so cut as to fit crossways between the angle irons 12
and is rivetted firmly to the beam 3. In some cases a cut 15 is made in the vertical
side of each of the angle irons 12 immediately outside the vertical member of each
transverse angle iron 14, and the end portions 12" of the angle irons 12 are then
bent inward so as to bear against the vertical members of the transverse angle
irons 14 which rest against and are supported each by two of the said turned in ends.
In some cases notches or recesses may be made in the vertical member of each of
the angle irons 12 into which enter corresponding projections at the ends of the
transverse angle irons 14 which are thus supported and enabled to withstand the
thrust of the bearings. The vertical members of the two transverse irons 14 are,
at the ends at which the adjustment of the bearings is effected, each formed with a
hole for the passage of an adjusting screw.
Fig. 11 is a perspective view of another construction of frame.
In this arrangement the two standards are made each of a single piece of Tiron
bent to the shape shewn. 11, 11 are angle iron brackets bolted or rivetted to the
legs of the standards to serve as supports for the lower beam 4 which is firmly
secured to these brackets as before. The upper beam 3 rests upon and is firmly
bolted to the flat tops of the two standards. The stiffness of the connection between
the top and bottom beams and the standards can be increased either by flanging
over the extreme ends of each beam so as to embrace the outer edges of the tops of
the standards, or the angle irons 11 as the case may be; or by securing transverse
angle.irons to the beam so as to rest against either the inner or the outer edges, or
both, of the flat tops of the standards in the case of the upper beam or of the angle
irons 11 in the case of the lower beam.
.
The beans themselves are arranged with parallel angle irons 12, 12 rivetted to the
upper sides of the beams as in Fig. 10, to form supports or guides for the bearings
of the roll shafts. The strain upon these bearings when the apparatus is in use will
be taken by pieces of channel iron 14ª of such a section as to fit easily between the
two parallel angle irons 12 of each beam and of such a length as to permit of their
being readily and strongly secured to the beam itself by suitable bolts or rivets.
The adjusting screws used for setting up the bearings when needed lie each in the
hollow of one of the channel irons 14 while the nut through which it works may
rest against the inner end of the channel iron, or when necessary washers may be
introduced between this nut and the inner end of the channel iron.
Fig. 12 illustrates another construction of beam suitable for use either as an upper
or as a lower beam. It consists of a rolled bar of double T iron having its two
vertical members at such a distance apart and of such a height as to receive the
bearings and give them the necessary lateral support, the thrust upon the bearings
being resisted either by pieces of channel iron 14ª rivetted or otherwise secured
5 between the vertical members in the position shewn, or by transverse angle irons 14
shewn in Fig. 10.
When double T iron as shewn cannot be obtained rolled in a single bar, the

page_text: beams 3 and 4 may each be formed as shewn in Fig. 13 of two straight pieces of
Tiron arranged parallel to one another and of such dimensions and so arranged that
when they are placed side by side the distance between the vertical members of the
two Tirons will be just equal to that needed to admit the bearings and support
them, while the height of the vertical member corresponds also with that of the
bearing. Portions of the bottom flanges of the T irons are cut away in the upper
beam to permit the passage of the roll shafts. In the lower beam this is not needed
but small plates or trays may be placed or fixed between the vertical members of the
Tirons to receive and support the lower ends of the roll shafts. The thrust of the
bearings is taken by fixed pieces of channel iron 14ª secured between the vertical
members of the T iron as in Fig. 12. The Tirons themselves are secured to the
standards or brackets (as the case may be) each by two or four bolts at each end.
In some cases the beams thus formed may be further stiffened by one or two
pieces 16 of flat plate metal placed beneath the T irons to which they are rivetted..
Usually two pieces of plate are used with each beam each plate being secured by
four rivets and so arranged that one of its ends abuts against one of the standards
or brackets, as the case may be, to which the beams are fixed.
As will be obvious the improved constructions of beams hereinbefore described
may be used with standards of different construction to those shown; and also that
the improved constructions of standards herein before described may be used in
combination not only with the beams described in connection with them but also in
combination with other of the improved beams herein before described.
Frames constructed in the manner hereinbefore described are very rigid and well
adapted to withstand the strains to which such frames are subjected whilst the
apparatus is in use expressing juice.
Fig. 14 is a perspective view of a juice expressing apparatus of the kind herein
referred to having a frame constructed according to this invention but in which the
upper and lower beams are constructed to carry three rolls instead of two. It is to
be understood that either of the improved beams herein before described may either be
extended at one side to carry a third crushing roll or where the construction renders
this inconvenient separate extension pieces for carrying such third roll may be
secured to them.
Fig. 15 is another view of the apparatus shewn in Fig. 14 but with the rolls
removed.
In this construction the iron plates constituting the beams 3 and
are made
sufficiently thick to admit of the angle irons 12 shewn in Figs. 1 to 8 being dispensed
with. In some cases however one such angle iron may be secured to the upper side
of the upper beam, and one to the lower side of the lower beam, for the purpose of
strengthening these beams. 17, 17, 17 are the guides or seats for the three
bearings 13 and adjusting nuts 13ª for the roll shafts. The seats enclose the bearings
on three sides, the fourth side is open leaving the shaft exposed for convenience
of lubrication and cleaning. The bearing guides or seats may be of angle iron, or
of cast metal bolted or otherwise secured to the upper sides of the beams; or they
may be made in one piece with the beams. In like manner when the beams are to be
provided with a flange corresponding to the vertical members of the angle irons 12,
Figs. 1 to 8, such flange may be made in one piece with the beam plate. The two
crushing rolls 18, 18 are of the kind generally used in our mills before referred to.
In addition to these there is shewn a small third roll 19 that converts the single
squeeze mill into a double squeeze one, this small roll being the break or feed roll
geared with one of the two. crushing rolls. This small roll is carried by
extensions 3ª 4° of the beams 3 and 4. These extensions 3.4" may each be in one
piece with its beam, as in the example shown, or it may be a separate piece secured
to the beam in any convenient manner as for example by a plate rivetted or bolted
both to the beam and to the extension. The extensions are provided with guides or
seats 17 for the shaft bearings that are of the same construction as those for the two
large rolls. In Fig. 14 the juice tray 20 is removed to shew the lower bearings,
and is seen lying upon the floor below."

page_text: As the lower ends of the wrought iron legs when of angle form are of small area,.
and might sink further into the ground than is intended when the mill is at work, they
can with advantage be bent round as shewn in Figs. 10, 11 and 13 so as to provide
a bearing surface equal at least to the square of one side of the leg. Although the
metal legs of the standards, the beams, brackets and other parts have been herein
referred to as made of iron it is obvious these parts may be of other metal, as for
example, mild steel.
"
"
In apparatus of the kind herein referred to usually the cylinder constituting each
roll is, with a pinion, keyed upon a shaft. Each roll is either forced on its shaft by
hydraulic pressure, or it is shrunk on. In either case the number of rolls split is.
considerable and in this way the cost of construction of such apparatus is augmented..
The pinions are also placed each on its shaft in one or other of the ways mentioned and the
number of them broken during the process is even greater than in the case of the rolls..
This constitutes an additional element of expense in the construction of the apparatus..
When new rolls or pinions have to be fitted on to old shafts, a similar loss is again
incurred;
also when a new roll, pinion, or shaft is wanted or either needs repair the
whole apparatus has to be carried to a workshop.
Now Fig. 16 is a vertical section of a crushing roll with its shaft and driving pinion
designed to obviate the foregoing disadvantages; this figure also shews a guard plate:
hereinafter described. The diameter of the roll 21 and that of its shaft 22 are such
that these parts fit each other accurately and closely but nevertheless can be easily put
together or separated by hand. The pinion 23 is fitted in the same way and is.
removable by hand. The roll is keyed to its shaft by removable keys 24 and 24ª and
the pinion is also keyed to its shaft by keys 25, 25°. The roll when in place on its.
shaft rests vertically on a collar 26. About one half of the key 24 is set into the
spindle and a slot is made on the inside of the bottom part 21° of the roll to receive
the other half. The keys 24, 25 and 25 are similarly fitted.
With this construction when it is necessary to remove or separate any of the parts.
for repair or renewal etc. the pinion is first lifted off; the keys 25, 25 are then
removed laterally; the key 24 which is then free to be lifted up by means of its
projecting lip is removed: then the roll can be lifted off or removed from its seat on
the spindle.
When the parts are to be put together to form a complete roll the foregoing order is.
reversed;
that is to say, the cylinder is first let down over the shaft and key 24ª until
it rests on the collar 26; then the key 24 is put into its place between the roll and the
shaft; then the keys 25 and 25ª are set in their places in the shaft and the pinion is.
placed on its seat over the roll. The complete roll is then ready for use.
"
The toothed wheels or pinions on the roll shafts are each usually placed close down
"
shroud intended
on to the top of its corresponding roll and provided with a flange or
to prevent the cane being forced up beyond the top of the two adjacent crushing
rolls. Very often, however, the cane passing between the rolls is forced between
the flange or "shroud" of the driving pinion and the top of its roll; when this takes
place the teeth of the two pinions on the rolls are thrown more and more out of
gear till some of them break and the mill stops work. To obviate this difficulty the
following arrangement is adopted.
As shewn in Fig. 16 the pinion 23 has a boss 27 on each side; one of these in the
example shewn rests on the top of the roll. In the space 28* thus left between the teeth
and a portion of the body. of the pinion and the top surface of the roll there is placed
a metal plate 28 arranged to rest upon the top surfaces of the two rolls and above their
line of contact.
Fig. 17 is a perspective view of the underside of such a plate.
Fig. 18 is a similar view of one of the crushing rolls and the two pinions inverted
shewing the metal plate in position between the roll and one of the pinions. The
length of the plate 28 is about equal to the diameter of one of the rolls and about two
inches wide, its thickness being equal nearly to that of the space 28*. The lower side
of the front or "feed" end of the plate is made or provided with a small triangular
projection or piece 29 of metal that may be about three-eighths of an inch thick and

page_text: about two inches long. This triangular part fits between the two rolls nearly up to
their point of contact with each other, and with its plate forms an effectual substitute
for the flange or "shroud" on one of the pinions heretofore used. The back or
delivery end of the plate is attached to the upper beam of the frame by a pivot pin
which fits into a hole 30 formed in the plate and is so arranged as to allow the front or
feed end with its triangular part 29 to move laterally with the rolls.
Fig. 19 is a similar view to Fig. 16 of a pair of crushing rolls with part of the
upper beam 3 of the mill, the driving pinions 23 being arranged above this beam
these rolls and pinions are fitted to their respective shafts in the manner described with..
reference to Fig. 16. In this construction the plate 28 is placed between the top
surfaces of the roll and the upper beam 3 by which it is carried.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is
1. The several constructions of frames of apparatus for expressing juice from sugar
cane, herein before described with reference respectively to and shewn in Figs. 1 to 3
inclusive; in Figs. 4 and 5; in Fig. 6; in Figs. 7 to 9 inclusive; in Fig. 10; in Fig. 11;
in Fig. 13; and in Figs. 14 and 15 of the drawings annexed.
2. The construction as hereinbefore described with reference respectively to and
shewn in Figs. 1 to 6 inclusive; in Figs. 7 to 9 inclusive; in Fig. 10; in Fig. 11; in
Fig. 12; and in Fig. 13. of the drawings annexed of beams of metal plate 3 or 4 pro-
vided with strengthening parts 12 adapted to retain in place the roll bearings of
apparatus such as hereinabove referred to for expressing juice from sugar cane.
3. In apparatus of the kind herein referred to, in lieu of shrinking or forcing the
crushing rolls and pinions on their shafts, mounting each roll and its pinion on a shaft
having a collar and keys the arrangement being such that the roll and pinion are kept
in place upon and prevented from rotating independently of the shaft but are adapted
to be readily and quickly. removed from the shaft and replaced as set forth without
driving of keys.
4. In apparatus of the kind herein referred to for expressing juice from sugar cane
a metal plate having a projection such as 29 arranged in relation to the crushing
rolls as herein described to prevent the cane escaping upward from between the
said rolls.
Dated this 7th day of December 1880
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per F. J. Brougham,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicants.