Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 10th May, 1887
Complete Left, 8th Feb., 1888
Complete Accepted, 9th Mar., 1888
I, FRANCIS CHAPMAN, of 9 and 11 Fenchurch Avenue, in the City of London,
Merchant, (a communication to me from abroad by William Joseph Charles
Stokes, of Christchurch, New Zealand, Manufacturer) do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
--
The object of this invention is to form a tight joint between the head of the nail and
the surface on to which it is driven.
I construct the head of the nail of soft metal and I form its under side of a cup-like
shape surrounding the shank. When driven the cup spreads out and adjusts itself to
the surface which is being nailed down, thereby making a water-tight joint. I prefer
also to leave a small cone of the soft metal around the shank which strengthens the
head and fills up the indentation made by driving the nail.
This nail when made with a leaden head is peculiarly suitable for roofing with
corrugated iron.

page_text: I, FRANCIS CHAPMAN of 9 and 11 Fenchurch Avenue, in the City of London,
Merchant, (a communication to me from abroad by William Joseph Charles
Stokes, of Christchurch, New Zealand, Manufacturer,) do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of this invention is to form a tight joint between the head of the nail and
the surface on to which it is driven.
I construct the head of the nail of soft metal and I form its under side of a cup-like
shape surrounding the shank. When driven the cup spreads out and adjusts itself to
the surface which is being nailed down, thereby making a water tight joint. I prefer
also to leave a small cone of the soft metal around the shank which strengthens the
head and fills up the indentation made by driving the nail.
This nail when made with a leaden head is peculiarly suitable for roofing with
corrugated iron.
In order that my said invention may be fully understood and readily carried into
effect I will proceed to describe the drawings hereunto annexed.
Figure 1 is an elevation, and
Figure 2 is a vertical section of the improved nail.
Figure 3 is an elevation partly in section and shows the nail employed to secure a 2
corrugated sheet of iron to a wooden batten.
Figure 4 shows the same parts in section.
The nail is in two parts; the stem a is preferably of steel or wrought iron and the
head of lead. The head may be formed on the stem either by moulding in a mould
or pressing it on by means of a press or by any other process or by first moulding it 2
and then pressing it to its particular shape. The head as will be seen is concave or
cup like on its under side at 6' and in the centre at 6' there is a cone of soft metal
surrounding the stem.
In Figure 4 the nail is represented in its original form; it has not been driven
quite home; the next blow of the hammer will close the joint first by spreading the 3
rim of the cup until every part of its edge is in close contact with the galvanised iron
and second by forcing the central cone into the hole formed in the galvanised iron.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention.
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The improved nail having a hard metal stem and a soft metal head concave on
the under side substantially as described.
2. The improved nail having a hard metal stem and a soft metal head concave on
the under side and a soft metal cone within the cup around the stem substantially as
described.
3. The improved nail substantially as described and represented by the annexed
drawings.