and Rudders of Ships, Steamers, and similar Vessels.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 15th July, 1887
Complete Left, 16th Apr., 1888
Complete Accepted, 18th May, 1888
and Rudders of Ships, Steamers, and similar Vessels.
I, EDMUND FREDERICK WAILES, of 13 Tankerville Terrace, in the City and County
of Newcastle upon Tyne, Naval Architect, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates firstly to the construction of stern posts and stern frames and
secondly to the construction of rudders.
The improvements consist in constructing the rudders, stern posts or stern frames
entirely of girder bars of suitable section, without the introduction or assistance of
any solid bar to secure the requisite strength, in either posts or in the "sole," with
the special object of combining strength with lightness, obviating the risks of welding
together the parts of heavy forgings and minimising the vibration.
The section of girder bars which I prefer and propose to adopt is of the "channel"
or "trough" shape, having a flat bottom with side flanges at right angles thereto,
rolled, cast or forged of iron, steel or other metal.
The stern frame is built with double channel bars heated and bent to the required
shape, placed back to back, drilled and rivetted together forming an I section, the
sectional area being in accordance with the requirements of the classification under
which the steamer is being built.
The method of constructing a stern frame for a screw steamer with rolled bars of
channel section is as follows:-
Commencing at the keel "scarph" the inner channel bar continues aft to the inner
post where it curves upward and is continued vertically till it reaches the spring of
the arched top where it is bent into two reversed curves of easy radius to the line of
outer post continuing upward to deck.
The outer channel bar commencing at the keel "scarph" continues aft forming the
lower portion of the "sole" and curving upward continues vertically to the deck
forming the after portion of the outer post. The frame is completed by a reversed
channel bar rivetted to the back of those just described forming the back of the
inner post, the front of the outer post, the top of the "sole" and the arched top of
the aperture.

page_text: The "boss" on inner post for the stern tube is made separate of cast or forged steel
or iron or other metal, with deep flanges top and bottom properly fitted between the
side flanges of the channel bars and rivetted thereto, the sides of the bars, forming
the inner post, being worked round the "boss" and contracted upon it.
Solid "gudgeons" or bearings for the rudder "pintles" (cast or forged and fitted
with bushes) are fitted and rivetted upon the outer post.
The stern frame is fitted into the ship and attached to the shell plating by rivetting
same through the side flanges of the channel girder bars. The side flanges of the
upper bar of "sole" being reduced in depth, to give clearance for the propeller, the
plating of the first or gar board" strake will be preferably continued along
the bottom of the frame and the "sole" on to the outer post for additional strength
at this part.
The rudder is constructed of a channel bar with outside flanges, commencing at the
rudder head and carried straight down to the "keel" from which it is bent round to
the required curve to form the "bow" of the rudder from which it is carried on to
the rudder head the two bars being rivetted back to back to form the "stock."
The "main-piece " of the rudder is completed by a reverse channel bar the two
bars being rivetted back to back and the inner bar connected to the "bow" at top
and bottom.
Suitable stays may be introduced between the "bow" and "main-piece" when
required.
"
The rudder plating is fitted upon the frame and rivetted through its side flanges.
Cast or forged brackets with turned "pintles are rivetted within the side flanges
upon the "main-piece" of the rudder to suit the "gudgeons" on the outer stern post.
The head of the rudder, to receive the tiller is carried forward so that a vertical
centre line will run through the centres of the pintles and of the tiller and this is an
important feature in carrying out this construction of rudder.
It will be seen that the main object of my invention is to dispense entirely with
solid forgings or castings in the construction of stern frames and rudders, depending
upon and realising the advantages of strength, lightness and facility of construction
offered by the girder form throughout the main structure of the various parts without
combination or composite methods of construction.
The various forms of stern frames, or stern posts, and rudders may be similarly
built either of single or double bars (or of single and double bars combined) of
channel or other suitable girder section. Stern frames and rudders constructed to
my invention for very large vessels offer great facilities for being built up of sections
and of being efficiently repaired, or a portion renewed, if damaged and the rudder
แ gudgeons " and "pintles" are easily replaced if broken or worn slack.
The vibration will be neutralized by the shape of the channel or girder bars
immersed in and admitting the water between the open flanges thus offering geater
resistance to lateral vibration.
This method of construction of stern frames, stern posts and rudders by means
of bars of girder section, is a development of the system of channel keels forming
the subject of my Patent No. 3330 of 1886 to which it is specially adapted but
it is applicable to any other form of keel involving no difficulty in application.
i.
1000

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction of Stern Posts, Stern Frames,
and Rudders of Ships, Steamers, and similar Vessels.
1, EDMUND FREDERICK WAILES, of 13 Tankerville Terrace, in the City and County
of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Naval Architect, do hereby declare the nature of said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
So far as the invention, described in my Provisional Specification, relates to the
construction of stern posts and stern frames, I have since found that there may be
some doubt as to the novelty of the method of construction therein described, except
as to some of the details, and as I do not consider such method of construction of
much importance as compared with that described in my subsequent invention now
under provisional protection No. 10,737 dated August 4, 1887, which relates to the
construction of stern-posts and stern-frames of cast steel of girder sections, I desire to
discard stern-posts and stern-frames and to confine my present invention to the
construction of rudders only and will therefore so describe and illustrate it.
"
On the accompanying sheet of drawings I shew by Figs. 1 and 2 a sectional
elevation and sectional plan of a complete rudder, comprising the "main piece,"
the "bow," the "stock" and rudder "head," with the method of attaching the
"tiller" thereto; with the separate brackets and "pintles" rivetted to the "main
piece" and by Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, to a larger scale, some of the details, but it is to
be understood that the construction of rudders according to my invention by girder
bars may be carried out by other sections of bars and otherwise disposed, relatively
to each other, without departing from the principle of my invention which is the
construction of rudders of girder .bars of suitable sections, dispensing entirely with
solid forgings, to realise the advantages of strength, lightness, elasticity and facility
of construction offered by the girder form. In some cases, as in very large rudders,
I may construct them of sections "scarphed" and rivetted together so that they may
be efficiently repaired, or a section renewed if damaged, or for convenience of
shipping and unshipping.
rivetted
On Figs. 1 and 2. A is the "main piece" formed of two channel bars, a, a',
back to back, the bar a having formed on its foot the main "pintle" stepped into the
foot of the after stern post and carried upward to form the "stock" B passing through
the trunk to the "rudder-head" C the bar a' terminates at the junction of the
"bow" D with the "main-piece" at bottom and at top. The "bow" D is formed
of a single channel bar commencing at the foot of the "main-piece" which it again
joins below the trunk and is rivetted to the back of the bar a, the two bars forming
the stock. E E E are stays across the rudder .rame to which the plating F F may
be rivetted as well as to the flanges of the girder bars of "main-piece" and "bow."
The "pintles'
G, G, G, are formed on brackets which are rivetted or bolted to
the "main-piece" A and work in "gudgeons" on the after stern post.

page_text: Fig. 3 shews the "main-piece" A and "bow" D formed of 2 different sections of
girder the plating F being rivetted through the single flange on each.
A very important feature of detail in my invention is the formation of the "rudder-
head" in such a manner that the centre of the eye of the tiller is in a vertical
centre line through the centres of the "pintles" G, G, G and this is effected by
carrying the "rudder-head" forward from the top of the "stock" B as shewn on
Fig. 1. and by the detail on Figs. 4 and 5. This gives a much more effective action
of the steering gear than if the centre lines of the tiller and of the "pintles" were
not concentric. The plan of closing in the top of trunk and effecting a water tight
projection for the rudder head to receive the tiller is shewn but is only an incidental
feature of my invention.
On Fig. 3 the "main-piece" A is either made of one bar forming a channel section
on front side with a central flange on back or it may be of two sections and [
rivetted back to back and the "bow" D is made of similar sections. Figs. 4 and 5
are a plan and vertical section of the "rudder-head" C to shew the mode of fitting
the "tiller" so as to be concentric with the vertical centre line of the pintles G G.
Fig. 6 is a section through the "main-piece" at W W of Fig. 1. Fig. 7 is a section
of bow at X X Fig. 1 and Fig. 8 is a section through one of the stays E at Y Y
Figs. 1 and 2.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The construction of ships rudders of girder shaped bars of iron or steel of any
suitable section in continuous lengths, or forming sections joined together by
scarphs," in the manner and with the objects substantially as described.
66
2. In combination with the construction of ships rudders of girder shaped bars of
iron or steel the use of separate "pintles "attached to the rudder, and the formation
of the "rudder-head" to receive the "tiller'
so that the " tiller-eye" and the
"pintles" are concentric vertically.
3. The "main-piece,"
"
"
3766
bow," stock," "head" and "pintles," constituting the
rudder complete, constructed and operating substantially as described and illustrated
by the drawings herewith.
Dated April 14th 1888.
T. J. DANSON, F. Inst. P.A.,
2, St. Nicholas' Buildings, Newcastle upon Tyne,
Agent for Applicant.