IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CONSTuva SyoRF AND ECONONIZING FUEL IN FURNACES
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John MacDonald, of Dulwich, in the County of Surrey,
Engineer, and Adamantius John Michael Bolanachi, also of Dulwich, in the
same County, for an Invention of "IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS
FOR CONSTuva SyoRF AND ECONONIZING FUEL IN FURNACES”
1
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John MacDonald and
Adamantius John Michael Bolanachi at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents on the 31st December 1881..
JOHN MACDONALD of Dulwich in the County of Surrey Engineer and
ADAMANTIUS JOHN MICHAEL BOLANACHI also of Dulwich in the same County
'IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CONSUMING SMOKE AND
ECONOMIZING FUEL IN FURNACES."
This Invention has for its object the more perfect combustion of fuel employed
in furnaces and for the prevention of smoke.
According to the first part of this Invention we inject into the furnace a mixture
of hot air dry steam liquid hydro carbon and common sulphuretted hydrogen or
hot air dry steam and sulphuretted hydrogen only.
We will describe one way of carrying this Invention into effect and as applied to
a Cornish boiler for this purpose we insert a tube or tubes either in one or both side
flues of the boiler and arranged in a horse shoe or other convenient shape but so
that the largest heating surface shall be obtained-and the two ends projecting in
front of the boiler. The object of this is to heat the air which is drawn in at the
lower tube passing along the length of the boiler flue and upon returning again
is injected into the furnace by means of the steam jet as hereinafter described.
Within the hot air tube we fix a small pipe which conveys ordinary coal gas to
the interior and within the injector and behind the steam jet we insert another
pipe or tube which conveys the liquid hydrocarbon. Within the boiler furnace we
insert a tube or series of tubes and to each tube we attach a metal deflector the
object of which is to catch the mixture and distribute it in an even manner over
the surface of the fire. The action is as follows:-
The steam expanding within the injector and travelling at great speed causes a

page_text: vacuum and thus draws with it the mixture of heated air and gas and at the same
time delivers the liquid hydro carbon (when the latter is used) into the boiler and
the whole is converted instantaneously into a gas of great heating power thus
effecting the more perfect combustion of the fuel and preventing smoke.
The second part of this Invention consists of an apparatus for first heating air
and afterwards mixing steam therewith and drying and heating this mixture to
be injected into the furnace. This arrangement of apparatus is substantially as
follows:-
For instance in a Cornish boiler air is taken along the flues and back to the front
by a pipe or pipes either straight or coiled. At back end of flue a steam jet is
introduced into the return air pipe at the point of return which jet forces the air
along the pipe to the front of the boiler the consequent mixture of steam and air
being thus thoroughly dried and heated while returning and it is then introduced
into the furnace.
When it is required to use gas or liquid hydro-carbon or gas and liquid hydro-
carbon in connection with the last named apparatus we affix within the inlet of
the air pipe a pipe or tube to convey the gas which latter is carried with the air
but where gas and liquid hydro-carbon are used in addition to the above arrange-
ment we may employ a small injector at the point of entry into the furnace to
inject the liquid hydro-carbon therein with the air gas and steam.
For the purpose of preventing smoke and assisting combustion when the furnace
is first lighted we employ a small auxilliary boiler heated by gas and holding just
sufficient water to supply steam to the injector. In this case the supply of gas and
hydro-carbon is much increased.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John MacDonald and Adamantius John Michael Bolanachi in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th June 1882.
JOHN MACDONALD of Dulwich in the County of Surrey and ADAMANTIUS JOHN
MICHAEL BOLANACHI also of Dulwich in the same County. "IMPROVED METHOD
OF AND APPARATUS FOR CONSUMING SMOKE AND ECONOMIZING FUEL IN
FURNACES."
According to this Invention we inject into the furnace a mixture of hot air dry
steam and sulphuretted hydrogon or other heating or illuminating gas, or hot air
dry steam and sulphuretted hydrogen or other gas as aforesaid with the addition
of liquid hydro carbon.
We will now describe one way of carrying this Invention into effect as applied
to a Cornish boiler. For this purpose we introduce air into a pipe or pipes placed
in the side flues of the boiler in any convenient form to obtain the greatest heating
surface. The air to be heated is caused to circulate through the pipe or pipes by
means of a steam injector placed on the furnace front. At the front end of boiler
a pipe communicating with the heating pipe or pipes takes in ordinary atmospheric
air and into this pipe we introduce a small pipe to supply ordinary illuminating
or heating gas to be mixed with the air. This mixture is drawn through the
heating pipes by the aforesaid injector and having been heated to a very high
temperature is directed into the injector whence it is impelled by the steam jet
into the furnace the steam used in the injector having been previously highly
superheated by suitable means and by this means of heating and mixing air gas
and superheated steam together a highly inflammable gas is formed which being
directed into the furnace ensures a more perfect combustion of the fuel and
prevention of smoke. Or if we use in addition to the above mixture of hot air
gas and dry steam a proportion of liquid hydro carbon we attach to the injector a
small pipe which conveys the liquid hydro carbon in way of steam jet and it is
thus thoroughly mixed with the hot air gas and dry steam and then projected into
the furnace. According to a modified form of apparatus we first heat air and
afterwards mix steam with it and then after thoroughly drying and heating this
mixture we inject it into the furnace. The arrangement of apparatus is substantially
as follows:-For instance in a Cornish boiler air is taken along the flues by a pipe
or pipes arranged in any convenient manner or as hereinbefore described and at
the back end of the flue is placed a steam injector on the air pipe at its point of
return to front of boiler. The injector forces the heated air along the return tube
and the consequent mixture of hot air and steam is thoroughly dried and heated
while returning to be introduced into the furnace at a very high temperature.
Where it is required to use gas with this arrangement the gas is introduced as
before at the inlet for air and travelling with the air to the injector becomes highly
heated and after passing injector on its return to front of boiler combines and is
dried and heated with the hot air and steam thus producing a highly inflammable
gas.
Again where it is required to use liquid hydro-carbon in addition to air gas and
steam the liquid bydro carbon may be introduced into the injector placed in the
flue and mixed and heated with the air gas and steam to be projected into furnace
at a very high temperature as aforesaid.
In order that our said Invention may be better understood we will now refer to
the Drawings accompanying this Specification which shew our said Invention as
applied to a Cornish boiler.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 represents a longitudinal section of a Cornish boiler with our apparatus
adapted thereto.
.
Figure 2 shews front elevation of same.
Figure 3 shews detached view of modification hereinafter described.
Figure 4 is a longitudinal section of a furnace drawn to an enlarged scale.
Fig. 5 is a front elevation of same.
Fig. 6 is a section shewing deflectors herein before referred to.
At each of the above Figures similar letters of reference are employed to denote
corresponding parts.
In Figures 1 and 2 A represents a boiler fitted as first described. The air is
taken in at a by the lower pipe B and the gas is introduced into the air by the
small pipe b. The mixture is then taken along the lower pipe B placed in flues C
and back to front of boiler by the return pipe D. It is then introduced into
injector E where the steam jet forces it through delivering pipe F and deflector G
into furnace H. The steam pipe c passes through a superheating coil of pipe d
and is then brought into injector E at e by pipe e¹.
In the arrangement for using liquid hydro-carbon in conjunction with hot air
gas and dry steam the small pipe f is attached to injector and supplies the liquid
hydro carbon to be mixed with the hot air gas and dry steam.
At Fig. 3 is shewn our modified arrangement as hereinbefore specified. The
arrangement is substantially as follows:-
For instance in a Cornish boiler the air is taken in at a as before by the lower
pipe B and is drawn along to injector E placed on air pipe in flue C at its point of
return as shewn in Drawing. The air is forced by the steam jet along the return
pipe D and becomes thoroughly mixed with the steam and dried and heated to a
very high temperature and this mixture is introduced into the furnace in the form of
a highly inflammable gas through the delivering pipe F and deflectors G as aforesaid
into furnace H.
If gas is used in conjunction with steam and air it is introduced at a by small
pipe as aforesaid and passes along lower pipe B to injector E and thus becomes
thoroughly mixed and heated with the air and steam and goes into the furnace at
a very high temperature.
Again if liquid hydro carbon be used with the air steam and gas or with air and
steam only it may be introduced by pipe as before into injector E placed on air
pipe in flue and passed along with the other gases into furnace by return pipe D.
Or we may introduce the liquid hydro carbon into a small auxiliary injector
placed on furnace front and so inject it into furnace with the hot air gas and dry:
şteam.
Figure 4 represents the longitudinal section of the furnace drawn to an enlarged
scale H being the furnace D the air and gas pipe C the steam pipe to superheater,
g the steam pipe from superheater to injector E, f the oil pipe, F the delivering
pipe and G the deflectors.
Fig. 5 shews a front elevation of furnace front.
Fig. 6 shews a section through furnace giving sections of the deflectors G.
We may mention that our said Invention is applicable to all locomotive marine
and stationery boilers by suitable means of applying it in the smoke boxes flues
uptakes or furnaces of such boilers.
Having thus described the nature and object of our said Invention and the
means whereby the same may be carried into practical effect we would remark in
conclusion that we are aware of ordinary steam and air having been employed for
consuming smoke in furnaces and doing the same effectually but the objections to
the methods at present employed to introduce steam and air into the furnaces are
such as to injure the parts of the boiler exposed to heat by acting injuriously on
the plate. By introducing ordinary steam into the furnaces it is well known that

page_text: on its conversion into hydrogen the iron exposed to the action of such steam
becomes rapidly deteriorated and further by the introduction of air at a much
lower temperature than the gases in the furnace the plates are rendered liable to
crack in consequence of unequal expansion and contraction. But what we claim
as our Invention is:-
Firstly In a furnace the introduction of air and steam combined and heated to
a degree approximating that of the gases in the furnace substantially as and for
the purposes set forth.
Secondly In a furnace mixing with the said air and steam a proportion of
heating or illuminating gas and heating this mixture to a degree approximating
that of the gases in the furnace substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
Thirdly In a furnace mixing with the said air and steam or air steam and gas a
proportion of liquid hydro carbon and heating this mixture to a degree approxi-
inating that of the gases in the furnace substantially as and for the purposes set
forth.
Fourthly In a furnace the combination of air pipe B steam pipe c superheater d
injector E delivering pipe F and deflectors G shewn at Fig. 1 of the Drawings all
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
Fifthly In a furnace the combination of air pipe B gas pipe b steam pipe c
superheater & injector E delivering pipe F and deflectors & shewn at Fig. 1 of the
Drawings all substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
Sixthly In a furnace the combination of air pipe B steam pipe c oil pipe f
superheater & injector E delivering pipe F and deflectors G shewn at Figure 1 of
the Drawings all substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
Seventhly-In a furnace the combination of air pipe B steam pipe c'gas pipe b
oil pipe superheater d injector E delivering pipe F and deflectors G shewn at
Fig. 1 of the Drawings all substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
Eighthly the modification of apparatus shewn at Fig. 3 consisting of the injector
being placed at back end of flue instead of at front as hereinbefore described
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said John MacDonald one of the parties hereto
have hereunto set my hand and seal this Thirtieth day of June in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
ADANAD