matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF TARRY OILS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Gottheil at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th July 1879. A communication from
Adolph Graetrel, of Hannover, in the Empire of Germany.
Robert GottheIL, of 96, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, W., in the Empire of Germany,
Patent Solicitor and Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF
TARRY OILS." [A communication from Adolph Graetrel, of Hannover, in the
Empire of Germany.]
The Invention has for its principal object the manufacture of eupittonic acid (a
new colouring substance), or its salts or derivatives, and consists, first, in the
separation and rectification of the diatomic or polyatomic phenols obtained from the
tar of hard wood, either by means of their unequal solubility in an excess of caustic
alcalis, or by means of their unequal solubility in caustic alcalis in presence of
common salt or glauber salt; second, in the conversion of phenols into colouring
substances, either by the oxidation of the oils or their salts in presence of
carbonates, bicarbonates, or oxalates, or by treating the oils or their salts alone or
together, with carbonic acid or gases containing carbonic acid, or bicarbonates in
open or closed vessels, or under pressure at a suitably high temperature.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CENTRAL-FIRE CARTRIDGE CASES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Stuart Bailey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd October 1879.
CHARLES STUART BAILEY, of 22, Park Village East, Regent's Park, in the County
of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CENTRAL-FIRE CARTRIDGE
CASES."
My Invention relates to the manufacture of central fire cartridge cases, lined
with paper, and consists in arranging a cupped paper lining, with its lip or turned
over part between the lump and the base of the shell of the cartridge case, so as
to produce a gas-tight cartridge, substantially as hereinafter described.
My Invention may be carried out as follows:--
I take the ordinary tube and paper lining as made ready to be put together (say
for the sake of explanation, the ordinary 12 gauge), the lining (Fig. 1) I prefer
about one inch long and a very tight fit to the tube; I crimp or cup one end of
this lining (Fig. 2) in any convenient way, as for instance, in an ordinary half
round fluted die, and afterwards press the crimped or cupped end down at right
angles with the sides, when it should meet within about inch, or in other words
leave a hole about that diameter (Fig. 3).
I then take the tube (Fig. 4) and insert in it the lining so that the turned over
end or lip stands within about inch of the end of the tube (Fig. 5); I next crimp
or cup the bottom end of the tube (Fig. 6) in a die sufficiently rounded to turn
the tube over about inch when pressed (Fig. 7.) I further increase the pressure
on the turned over end or lip of the tube, until the tube has upset and bulged
outwards in the form of a bead all round, when the position of the turned over end
or lip of the tube should be pressing against the turned over end or lip of the
lining (Fig. 8); or the uncupped lining (Fig. 1) may be inserted in the tube (Fig. 4)
flush with the end thereof, and the tube and lining may be both crimped or cupped
together, when they will appear, as in Fig. 8, afterwards they may be upset.
The above described operations may be performed with ordinary tools well
known to cartridge makers, but I do not confine myself to the mode of working
described.
The tube with the paper lining as described is now ready to be put together
with the ordinary “lump” (i.e., paper packing) and “shell,”(¿.e., brass base and cap

page_text: chamber) and finished in the usual way, when the relative positions of the different
parts will be as shewn in Fig. 9.
I wish it understood that I do not confine myself to the exact details above
described, as the same may obviously be modified without departure from the
essence of my Invention, so long as the lip of a cupped or turned over paper lining 5
supported at the bend by a part of the paper tube to be interposed between the
lump and the shell base, substantially as described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TOOLS FOR FILING, ABRADING, OR CUTTING
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Kirkwood at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th November 1879.
JOHN KIRKWOOD, of the Firm of J. and W. Kirkwood, of Leith, in the County of
Mid-Lothian, North Britain, Zinc-bath Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TOOLS
FOR FILING, ABRADING, OR CUTTING."
This Invention consists in forming the acting surfaces of tools for filing, abrading,
or cutting, by combining or building together a number of separate plates or pieces,
whereby several practical advantages are obtained. A file made according to the
Invention is specially well adapted for operating on comparatively soft metals such
as lend, zinc, copper, and brass, or on wood, horn, and similar materials, but it is
not limited to such applications.
The Invention can be practically carried out in a great variety of ways. For
example, to make a file presenting general surfaces which are flat and parallel to
each other, a number of rectangular pieces or plates are cut or stamped out of thin
sheet steel each with a rectangular central opening, and these pieces or plates are
strung on a bar having the handle of the tool formed or fixed on it.. The edges of
the plates are bevilled or sharpened, and the central openings are somewhat larger
than the bar, whilst inclined shoulders or collars are fixed on the bar. The plates
may be held tightly between the collars, one or both of which may be adjustable, or
a little space may be left which will allow of the plates separating on the return
stroke in filing and thereby freeing themselves from abraded materials.
The plates may be made of various configurations so as to present surfaces of
various forms when combined, and they may be flat or curved or corrugated. The
edges of the plates may be continuous like chisel edges or they may be made dis-
continuous or toothed either in the process of stamping them or subsequently, and
different parts of the edge or edges of the plates may be made different so that the
same file or teel ray present surfaces of different kinds.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BLOCKS AND SHEAVES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Bullock, the elder, and George
Bullock, the younger, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
6th May 1879.
GEORGE BULLOCK, the elder, and GEORGE BULLOCK, the younger, both of
Rotherhithe, in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BLOCKS AND
SHEAVES."
Hitherto blocks and sheaves have been made of or with a single sheaf for a single
block, or a double or treble block with two or three sheaves. Our Invention consists
in making single blocks with two or more separate sheaves, and double blocks
with four or more sheaves, and treble blocks with six or more sheaves; in other
words doubling the number of existing sheaves, but making them much less in
size than the existing, and thereby diminishing friction, increasing lifting power,
saving materials in the size of the sheaves, blocks, and straps, together with the
great advantage of a round shape and small block, which can be more speedily
worked with a closer hoist. The blocks and sheaves are to be made of the same
materials as at present, but the space occupied by, say, a six inch sheave as made at
present in side view will be occupied according to our Invention with two two
inch sheaves placed side by side in the same plane, and sometimes with an additional
and upper sheave added.
IMPROVED APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO THE BOBBINS OF SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Melland Manlove at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd January 1879.
WILLIAM MELLAND MANLOVE, of Chesterfield, in the County of Derby.
IMPROVED APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO THE BOBBINS OF SEWING MACHINES."
"
AN
This apparatus is designed principally to be applied to the bobbins of sewing
machines, but it is also equally applicable to the bobbins of knitting and other
machines, where it is required to draw a thread or yarn of cotton, linen, silk, or
other material off a bobbin at an even tension throughout its whole length.
Another object of the Invention is to enable large bobbins (containing, say, 10,000
yards or more of thread) to be used for sewing or knitting machines.
"
And a further advantage obtained by the use of my Invention is that what is
called " glace cotton or thread can be worked off spools or bobbins with as much
case certainty as soft finished thread.
The Invention consists principally of a bobbin stand or holder and a polished
metal cap.
The bobbin may be held at any required angle, but I prefer to use it in
a vertical position, and it may be placed either on a level with the machine, or
above or below it, as may be found most convenient or advisable.
The stand is provided with a plate or foot at the bottom, having a pin projecting
vertically upwards to hold the bobbin, and placed at one side thereof (and at a
sufficient distance therefrom to allow of the thread or yarn passing freely between
it and the outer edge of the head of the bobbin) is an upright rod carried up a
sufficient height above the head of the bobbin, and then bent at right angles so that
its end projects above the centre of the bobbin where it is formed into an eye or
curl to serve as a guide for the thread or yarn to be drawn through, whence it
passes downwards, upwards, or otherwise direct to the sewing, knitting, or other
machine.
Above the head of the bobbin and resting thereon I place a metal cap with a
polished rim, having on its lower edge a bead level with or projecting slightly
below the lower edge of the top end of the bobbin.
The object of this metal cap is partly to hold the bobbin steady on the pin, but
principally to prevent the thread from catching against any roughness or irregu-
larity on the edge of the wooden head of the bobbin as it is drawn off, and to
give an even and regular tension or drag to the thread or yarn.

page_text: By the use of this apparatus much larger bobbins than heretofore can be used
with advantage for sewing, knitting, and other machines, thus effecting a saving in
time, labour, and expense; the thread or yarn is kept at an even and regular
tension throughout, jerking or catching of the thread is obviated, and " glacé," or
stiffened, and polished thread can be used with sewing machines as easily as soft 5
finished thread.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Moseley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th February 1879.
JOHN MOSELEY, of Pontypool, Monmouthshire.
SHOES."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE
This Invention consists of a horse shoe made in parts, whereby the toe and heel
pieces, ie, the wearing parts, may be removed without removing the body of the
shoe, and the movable toe and heel pieces may be adapted for either frosty or
ordinary weather.
1st. The body of the shoe is nailed on to the hoof in the ordinary way, and
consists of a plain piece of iron or steel bevelled on the inside. The front of the
shoe where the toe piece is fixed is made alightly wider and thicker than the
ordinary shoe; a dovetailed piece is then taken out of this part, and a slot hole
punched to receive the movable toe piece of steel or iron. The toe piece is then
put in and secured in position by a combined wedge and clip, which is driven in
and holds the toe piece by means of nicks cut in the side of that part of the toe
piece which is driven through the shoe.
2nd. The heels of the shoe are not turned up in the ordinary way, but remain
flat, and a square hole of any convenient dimensions punched through. The heel
studs are formed with a shoulder on three sides to prevent them passing through;
the other side is left plain and slightly tapered to admit of a wedge being driven
through from the hoof side of shoe, which secures them in position.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR GIVING ALARM IN CASE OF FIRE OR THIEVES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Birch Crisp at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th January 1879.
CHARLES BIRCH CRISP, of 66, Ockenden Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. "A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR GIVING
ALARM IN CASE OF FIRE OR THIEVES."
The object of this Invention is to supply a great and universal want in cases of
fire or thieves whereby aid can be obtained from without, valuable time saved, and
the risk and delay in sending for assistance avoided.
To accomplish this I construct a box, in shape a rectangular parallelepiped, but
without a top or lid to it.
The box is fixed with its open end uppermost in an upper room or some con-
spicuous part of a house, mansion, hotel, or building. In the lowest face or base of
this box there is an air valve opening inwards, and from the lower part of one of
the vertical sides projects a powerful whistle.
A second box (hereafter called the condensing box) is constructed similar to the
above but without any whistle or air valve. It is placed in an inverted position,
i.e., with its open end downwards, and is inade of such a size that it is just capable
of sliding easily within the first box.
The condensing box is weighted so that if placed with its open end just within
the first box and left to itself it would slide into the first box and force the air
through the whistle, which would sound loudly.
But the condensing box is supported by a chain which has one extremity attached
to the centre of its uppermost face, and after being led by means of small wheels or
pullies into any convenient room or place has a ring attached to its other extremity
which ring is placed on a pivot and freed when necessity occurs.
From the upper part of the condensing box projects a lever, which as the box
descends turns the handle of the tap of a gas burner so that the gas burns brightly,
whereas before its descent there is only a small jet kept burning. A lamp can be
used where gas is unattainable.
In front of this jet of gas and fixed in an aperture in the wall of the building is
placed a red glass or lens, and behind the jet a reflector. The lens being in a
conspicuous position can be seen from without. When the condensing box is sus-
pended and the alarm not in use a screen attached to the lever interposes between
the gas jet and the bull's eye.
ADVANTAGES OF THE NEW SLIDING POINT
Year: 1879

page_text: thereby causing great inconvenience to the printer and creating much unnecessary
waste.
ADVANTAGES OF THE NEW SLIDING POINT.
These sliding points are adapted for plattens, presses, and fixing on forms for the
Bremner and all pointing machines. Their advantages over the fixed points now
in use are obvious, as the length required for any job is gained by moving
the slide on which the spur is fixed, which is simple to alter but effectual when
fastened.
As only one pair of these sliding points is required for each machine or press they
are always at hand, thus doing away with the disadvantage and expense of keeping
a stock of different lengths; they can also be fixed to any span required to suit the
pointer, thereby avoiding waste and saving time.
DESCRIPTION OF THE NEW SLIDING POINT.
The bed on which the slide works consists of iron of about one quarter of an
inch in width, and varies in length from about six inches to twelve inches, with a
number of holes therein with various fastenings to suit different machines.
The slide consists of steel, and is of about the same width, and a small spur or
point is fixed thereon at one end on the top, and at the other end a small bolt which
fastens the slide to the bed by means of a band, which is kept in its place by a
small spring in the slide, the slide forming a band at the point or spur end, keeping
it to the bed but allowing it to slide. The slide is fixed in the required position by
passing the bolt into the required hole in the bed, when a small band is passed over
the spring near the bolt, which band keeps the bolt down and effectually locks the
slide in the required position.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR ROLLING AND POLISHING LEATHER
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Armitage Brown at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd January 1879.
JAMES ARMITAGE BROWN, of Exeter, in the County of Devon, Engineer.
"IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR ROLLING AND POLISHING LEATHER."
This Invention relates to an arrangement of rolling and polishing machine, in
which a pendulum is used for carrying the polishing roller. Instead of depressing
this roller to bring it to bear upon the work, which is placed upon a segment shaped
bed below it, I now propose to raise the work and maintain it in contact with the
swinging roller, dropping it at pleasure out of contact with the swinging roller.
The pendulum carrying this roller is pendent from an arched frame, and is actuated
through its connection with a rotating crank. Below the roller is the segment
shaped bed, which is carried by an elastic table. Below this bed and connected
therewith is an arrangement of knuckle jointed or toggle levers supported on
the base of the machine. The straightening of these lovers will lift the bed to its
highest position. These levers I connect by a horizontal rod to a rocking arm, on
the axle of which is a treadle. By depressing this treadle the axle will be rocked,
and the rod which connects with the toggle levers being thrust forward will cause
the levers to raise the bed towards the swinging roller.
If now a butt of leather is laid upon the bed while depressed, and a reciprocating
motion is imparted to the pendulum, the attendant has merely to depress the treadle,
and the leather will be brought up under the action of the reciprocating roller. The
amount of pressure put by the attendant on the treadle will determine the degree
of severity of the action of the roller upon the leather, and by modifying this
pressure to suit the work in hand the amount of compression and the degree of
polish imparted to the leather may be determined with great accuracy.
AN IMPROVED FASTENING FOR THE BANDS OF GENTLEMEN'S SCARFS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Rogerson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st February 1879.
JOHN ROGERSON, of 29, Wood St., E.C., City of London, County of Middlesex.
"AN IMPROVED FASTENING FOR THE BANDS OF GENTLEMEN'S SCARFS."
Whereas many descriptions of scarfs worn by gentlemen have a band which,
when passed round the neck, is secured by a spike or pin, which is sewn or fixed to
the card under the front of scarf, and there being considerable difficulty experienced
by the scarf manufacturing trade in strongly fixing the pin or spike used as a
fastening, the cards being very thick prevent a needle passing easily through them,
the work hands cannot properly affix the spike; other ways have been tried, but
for want of strength, simplicity, and cheapness have failed; I therefore propose to
do away with this constant source of annoyance to scarf wearers by having a pin
very thin and flat at the end to be fixed to card, with holes pierced in pin
or spike & holes to match & correspond in position in the card, when by the
use of eylets they two can be rivetted together at a nominal expense, & with the
greatest security. I, being a scarf manufacturer, would effect a considerable saving,
& better please my customers by adopting so sure a method of fixing spikes as
described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IMPERIAL MEASURES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Dunn at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd July 1879.
ALFRED DUNN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Glass and China
Merchant. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IMPERIAL MEASURES."
"
The object of this Invention is to manufacture imperial measures in earthenware,
porcelain, and glass with an accuracy not hitherto attained.
For this purpose I construct the pottery ware or glass vessel without a bottom,
making its internal capacity somewhat in excess of the measure intended to be
produced, and for a bottom I fit to the vessel a plate of thin soft metal, which I
secure in place by the operation of "spinning" which is performed in a lathe.
This bottom admits of being pressed inwards to any desired extent, in order to
reduce the capacity of the vessel and make it accord with imperial measurement;
thus although pottery ware or glass ware of half pint, or pint, or quart mugs and
jugs will vary however carefully they may be made, I am enabled by my
Invention to use all the vessels manufactured as imperial measures notwithstanding
their variations in size by adjusting the metallic bottom to suit the diameter of
the vessel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW PROPELLERS FOR PROPELLING VESSELS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Morton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th May 1879.
ALEXANDER MORTON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW PROPELLERS FOR PROPELLING VESSELS."
This Invention has for its object to increase the forward thrust upon steam
ships or vessels, and consists in forming the leading edge of the blades of screw
or similar propellers, curved forward so that a tangent to the curve at the
leading edge may be nearly at right angles to the axis of the propeller, and
in such a manner that when the vessel is going ahead the blades may enter the
current with little or no pitch. The said curve may extend across the whole face
of the propelling surface of the blade, and should increase more rapidly near the
leading edge, or the curve may begin at any point nearer to the leading edge;
but it is preferred to make the curve of a parabolic form with the leading edges of
the blades' carried forward, until they meet or nearly meet the axis of the
parabola. The propeller may be of any diameter and have any number of blades,
but it is preferred to have the propeller of less diameter with a greater number
of blades of coarser pitch than heretofore practised, so that the propeller may be
farther below the surface, and consequently in more solid water during rough
weather.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Kendall at the Office of the
Cominissioners of Patents on the 2nd December 1879.
JOHN KENDALL, of Cornwall Lodge, Norbiton, in the County of Surrey,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO
OTHER PURPOSES."
My Invention consists of a method or methods of construction whereby the
platform or roadway shall form an important part of the main strength of certain
classes of bridges instead of such platform or roadway being more or less a burthen,
as at present. One method of performing my Invention consists in the employment
of metallic or other strands in tension, the same being more or less intimately
incorporated with the materials which constitute the road surface. The above
arrangement of the strands may be likened to the strings of a violin, where the
strings are adjustable at one end, and it may be also roughly likened to an ordinary
strained wire park fence employed horizontally instead of vertically, the platform in
this case being laid upon it. I do not however limit myself to few strands, nor to their
regular arrangement, nor to the materials to be used in conjunction therewith, for
I may employ a great number of wires though of smaller size, aud I may embed the
saine in a medium of suitable cement, so as to form a continuous monolithic slab,
the surfaces of which may be either indented or plain. The proposed structure
may or may not be supported at intervals by any approved methods, such supports
when in tension being so arranged as to be readily compensated when stretched.
The same method of construction may also be employed vertically as an integral
part of the platforin or roadway for stiffening the structure if so desired. I do not
restrict this Invention to the roadway of bridges only, since it may sometimes be
desirable to extend the continuous roadway for a considerable distance inland, or to
stretch it on the surface of, say, soft ground, when the skeleton of my continuous
floor would present somewhat the appearance of a ladder pegged down to the
ground, and it may be moulded or otherwise formed to act as a tramway, or to
receive a permanent way.
TURNING-LATHES.
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Garvic, Francis Butterfield,
and John Butterfield at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
13th May 1879.
JAMES GARVIE, FRANCIS BUTTERFIELD, and JOHN BUTTERFIELD, all of New Street,
"IMPROVEMENTS
Bishopsgate Street, in the City of London, Engineers.
TURNING-LATHES.'
"
IN
This Invention relates to peculiar constructions and arrangements of turning lathes
more especially adapted for metal work and brass finishing, whereby greater
facility is afforded for performing the various kinds of work required.
Our improved lathe may be provided with the ordinary head and single or
double gear with or without a hollow spindle. According to our arrangement there
is mounted on the saddle a swivelling plate carrying a slide rest at one end,
provided with a capstan head or other form of tool holder adapted for one or more
tools. This plate swivels or swings round horizontally, vertically, or at any
desired angle upon a fixed pivot in the lower part of the slide rest, so as to be
readily adjustable to any position required. The opposite end of this plate carries
the ordinary hand or other rest. An adjustable screw stock is combined with the
slide rest in order to regulate the diameter of the work or depth of cut.
The half nut which engages with the leading screw when the lathe is adapted for
screw cutting or as a self acting lathe is carried by a short lever provided with a
convenient handle and spring or other catch situate at the side of the saddle, so as
to be more easily thrown in and out of gear by the attendant.
In order to facilitate the turning of tapered, circular, or irregular work we
employ a loose slide working across the saddle transversely to the centre line
of the lathe, the end of which carries a sliding block or equivalent device, which
slides along a pattern guide capable of adjustment to any angle according to the
taper of the work required, or it may be made of any form according to that of
the work to be produced.
The sliding head is also made to turn or swivel upon a fixed centre so as to be
capable of being readily moved out of the way of the attendant, whilst also
affording facility for turning tapered work.
According to another arrangement of lathe we mount a running head on a
pillar which also carries a circular saddle or turntable capable of circular
adjustment round the pillar. Upon this saddle or turntable are mounted one or

page_text: more other tables capable of vertical or other adjustment, and carrying tools or
the work to be operated upon.
We also mount on the said circular adjustable saddle or turntable the capstan
or other slide rest, the hand rest, and the arrangement already described for
producing tapered, circular, and irregular work.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR COMBING SILK, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBRES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Longfield, John Simms,
Thomas Simms, and William Henry Sladdin at the Office of the Commis-
sioners of Patents on the 18th November 1879.
THOMAS LONGFIELD, JOHN SIMMS, THOMAS SIMMS, and WILLIAM HENRY
SLADDIN, all of Brighouse, in the County of York, Silk Manufacturers.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR COMBING SILK, WOOL, AND
OTHER FIBRES."
The object of our Invention is to produce less waste and noil in combing fibres,
and a greater proportion of long fibres than hitherto obtained.
Our apparatus is constructed and arranged as follows :-
We mount on suitable frames an ordinary feed, feed rollers, gill box, and dabbing
brush; the fibre passes through the fallers, towards the end of which is an inter-
Becting faller, having one or more rows (as convenient) of extra fine teeth or pins,
the intersecting fallers being carried by an arm and operated by a cam from the
back shaft. The cam is of such form as to bring the intersecting faller into operation
and keep it in position during the oscillation of the nip. The nip jaws are carried by
an arm or arms pivotted on a suitable shaft, the shaft having cams, one for operating
the nip jaws and another for operating the working comb or cards, the arm or artus
carrying the nip being oscillated by a compound lever or levers and cam or cams
on the driving or other shaft, the cam or cams for the nipping jaws being of such
form as to give two distinct nips during one oscillation of the jaws; the first nip
lays hold of the noily portion of the fibre, draws it forwards, then opens and returns,
laying hold of the combed portion of the fibre; the noily portion of the fibre being
thrown through, the nip is laid hold of on the front side by the working comb or
cards which is carried by the frame and guided in its motion by a groove or slot.
The comb or cards carry the fibres forward to a circular brush working over a card
roller by which it is doffed, the nip jaw coming forwards with the long fibres
liberates and passing them to a suitable nipping carrier, which lays them upon an
ordinary endless apron, the apron carrying them through an ordinary gill box and
drawing rollers, the fibre being then formed into a perfect sliver and in a state for
the various manufactures. The nipping carrier is worked by cams and levers, and
has in connection with it a holding rod, which is brought down upon the fibre on
the apron, holding it until the carrier returns, the rod then moving away.
BURNERS, SHADES, AND LAMPS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph William Corbett at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th March 1879.
JOSEPH WILLIAM CORBETT, of Nottingham, Gas Engineer.
BURNERS, SHADES, AND LAMPS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
In the first part of my Invention I employ burners in which the gas escapes out
of a slit, the gas burning at right angles to or across the slit. The ends of the slit
are made of an angle inclining towards each other at the top. The slit is made in
a hollow or basin, as shown on the Sheet of Drawings attached. By reason of the
more direct action of the gas when proceeding to the point of ignition I reduce the
amount of friction, also by the formation of the basin which directs the flame great
economy of consumption is attained. In the Drawings Figure 1 is a longitudinal
section, cutting transverse the slit out of which the gas escapes, shown c, d;
Figure 2 shows plan, c', d¹, being orifice of escape; a, b, the direction taken by the
flame. I construst these burners to work either singly or double at an angle to
one another, or so that the planes of the flames are parallel, or in some cases
combine more than two together. I also sometimes employ checks in connection
with my burner or burners. In the Sheet Figures 3 and 4 show elevation and
plan of the burner constructed to burn in pairs. Figure 5 shows my arrangement
for burning a quantity of burners together..
In the second part of my Invention for shades, which are intended to take the
place of ordinary globes, I employ shades as shown in Figures 6, 7, 8, Figure 8
being a longitudinal section, showing arrangement for suspending the globe, to
which however I do not confine myself. The shades may be made either oval or
round, and by their particular construction throw the light downwards, acting
similar to an ordinary shade constructed of cardboard, whilst at the same time the
light is prevented from affecting the eyes.
In the third part of my Invention I employ lamps of the form shown on Figures
9 and 10, the chief particular of these being that the cross section of the lamp is an
equilateral triangle. I apply this form of lamp for the purpose commonly known
as street-lamps, and by the particular form I am enabled to construct the lamp
cheaper, and at the same time it is rendered more effective.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REVOLVING SHUTTERS, SHADES, AND BLINDS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Woodhead and Walter Binns at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th August 1879.
JAMES WOODHEAD, Whitesmith, and WALTER BINNS, Joiner, both of Bradford, in
the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN REVOLVING SHUTTERS, SHADES, AND
BLINDS."
Our Invention relates more particularly to revolving shutters used in closing shop
fronts or other openings, and also to window blinds or similar applications, whereby
we cause the said revolving shutters or blinds to form "shades" for the shops fronts
or other openings when the closing of the same is not required, and also to form
'sun shades" for windows and other similar applications.
"
For this purpose we fit to revolving shutters, or shutters already fitted, over-
hanging brackets made to any suitably shaped curve to form handsome shades; the
brackets are made with inside grooves extending to the length of the brackets and
with an increase of the width of the grooves towards the shop front; the brackets
are secured to the framework of the shop front and on each side of the window or
opening; the brackets can be so fitted to enable the removal when required, and the
brackets are secured in working position by passing a bolt through the ends of the
brackets and through a tube or pipe extending froin bracket to bracket; on the
ends of the bolts are secured ornamented knobs.
On the side of the brackets and inside the window in the frame work are cut
openings made on the slant, these openings allow the shutter when near the winding
drum or cylinder to be pulled through, and the shutter pulled in the grooves of the
brackets forming the front shade; friction rollers may be fitted to give an easy
entrance to the shutter in the bracket grooves and also the drawback of the same,
and drop levers fitted near the openings in the front casing may be employed,
which guide the shutter or blind in the openings and grooves.
To close the shutter it is forced or pulled out of the grooves and openings and
pulled down in the usual way and the premises secured.
We also fit our grooved
brackets to windows and bring the Venetian or other kind of blind outside the
window and in the grooves, forming handsome curved "sunshades."
IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING MACHINES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adam Hunter at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th July 1879.
"
ADAM HUNTER, of Friockheim, in the County of Forfar, North Britain, Joiner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING MACHINES."
This Invention relates to improvements in machines for washing both light or
delicate and heavy fabrics, and it consists of a tub or receptacle in the centre of
which a round bar or spindle is fixed vertically. In the bottom of the tub a disc of
equal or nearly equal diameter therewith is placed loosely, the said disc being
formed with a hole at its centre through which the vertical bar or spindle passes.
Above the lower disc another disc is similarly placed in the tub. On the upper side
of the lower disc and on the under side of the upper disc a series of ridges are
formed. The upper disc is provided with a cross bar or handle by means of which
it may be rotated or partially rotated round the fixed vertical bar or spindle.
The clothes or fabrics to be washed are placed in the tub on the top of the lower
disc, the upper disc is then placed in position over them and being rotated or
partially rotated with the requisite amount of downward pressure, the rubbing
action of the ridges on the discs against both sides of the clothes or fabrics has the
effect of cleansing them.
Holes or perforations are made in both discs to permit of the free ingress and
egress of water to and from the space between the discs, and the tub is or may also
be provided with a tap or cock at its lower part for the purpose of running off the
impure water.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN HARROWS, SCUFFLERS, HOES, AND OTHER LIKE IMPLEMENTS."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Reynolds and John Reynolds
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th August 1879.
WILLIAM REYNOLDS and JOHN REYNOLDS, both of Great Malvern, in the County
of Worcester. " CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN HARROWS, SCUFFLERS, HOES, AND
OTHER LIKE IMPLEMENTS."
Our Invention consists of the improvements hereinafter described, in the con-
struction of harrows, scufflers, hoes, and other implements of a like nature employed
in agriculture.
We will now describe our Invention as applied to a harrow, which consists of a
series of beams having two sides and a base; these we designate box beams; the
teeth or tines we construct with a head; the upper part of the tine immediately
under the said head in size and form corresponds to the interior of the box beam
through which it passes by means of an aperture or piercing in the base of the box
beam; the head of the tine finds its bearing upon the sides of the said beam; it is
then securely held in position by means of a nut and bolt passing through the tine
and sides of beam.
The whippletree or pole, we attach to the harrow by means of the ordinary
hooks, but secured to the cross beams in manner as described of the tines.
For scufflers we construct the beams of a series of plates screwed or bolted
together at parts most suitable to our requirement with square apertures inter-
vening the bolts both in the upper and lower plates of the beam; these apertures
correspond in size to the tines, and which they are fitted to receive; to each tine
we employ a loose box (the interior of which is exact in size to the tine), this box
has a screwed arm, and is fitted between the upper and lower plates of the beams,
the screwed arm passing through the side of the same; to arrange the tine it is
first passed through the lower plate of the beam, then the loose box and upper
plate, being held in position and adjusted to any required height by means of the
screwed arm and lower box.
By our improvements the tines, or teeth are fastened to their beams with a
security, steadiness, and durability unattainable by the ordinary method of
fastening, and yet when required can be released and adjusted to any heighth with
the greatest facility.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PICKERS FOR HUDSON, of the same Place, Warp Dresser. LOOMS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Cockcroft and John Hudson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th December 1879.
WALTER COCKCROFT, of Allerton, in the County of York, Manufacturer, and JOHN
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PICKERS FOR
HUDSON, of the same Place, Warp Dresser.
LOOMS."
The object of our Invention is to construct pickers used in looms for weaving in
such a manner that we are enabled to dispense with oil or other lubricants now
used for lubricating the pickers and picker spindles, and thus reduce the liability
of the piece being damaged or spotted with oil.
We accomplish our object in the following manner :-The holes or eyes at each
end of the picker through which the picker spindle passes are according to our
Invention made larger in diameter than the picker spindles; and in each of the
said holes we secure a short glass tube, the diameter of the hole through the tubes
fitting the circumference of the picker spindles. When the picker is actuated the
glass tubes will slide on the picker spindle, and in consequence of the extreme
hardness of the glass the friction of the picker on the spindle is reduced to a
minimum, and without any lubricant whatever.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLA FURNITURE
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Arthur Ellis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th November 1879.
FREDERICK ARTHUR ELLIS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Umbrella
Furniture Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLA
FURNITURE."
This Invention refers to the manufacture of top notches and runners from a solid
drawn tube. I take a disc of metal of the requisite thickness, and by means of suitable
tools I draw down the tube into the form of a cup, which cup has a strong ring of the
I then
metal of the original thickness of the disc left entirely round the bottom inside;
cut off the bottom of the cup below this ring and by spreading tools throw out
the thick bottom ring of metal from the inside of the tube to the outside. This
ring then forms the notch piece, and it may be grooved annularly by dividing its
thickness.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR LAYING THE DUST ON RAIL AND OTHER ROADS, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR THE SAME PURPOSE TO OTHER PLACES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Van Casteel at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st August 1879.
**
JEAN VAN CASTEEL, of Ghent, in the Kingdom of Belgium, at present residing at
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster. IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR LAYING THE
DUST ON RAIL AND OTHER ROADS, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR THE SAME PURPOSE TO
OTHER PLACES."
I construct the rails of railroads hollow and perforate the same, so that by
connecting these rails with a water supply, I am enabled to sprinkle the rail-road
with water and so to lay the dust. In the case of common roads I lay perforated
pipes along the curb-stones or in any other convenient position on the road, and by
connecting such pipe with a water supply I water the road or other place to which
the apparatus is applied. In some cases I lay perforated tubes along the railroads
instead of perforating the rails themselves.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Maitland Yeomans at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th November 1879. A com-
munication from abroad by Charles Bricogne, of Paris, in the Republic of
France.
DAVID MAITLAND YEOMANS, of Queen Victoria Street, in the City of London.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS." A communication from abroad by Charles Bricogne,
of Paris, in the Republic of France.
This Invention relates to improvements in lamps applicable for use in railway
carriages, ships, mines, omnibuses, tram cars, private carriages, and other places,
whereby the inconveniences attending the use of the existing lamps are obviated, and
important advantages are obtained.
In carrying out this Invention as applied, for example, to a railway carriage lamp,
it is preferred to employ an argand burner with a glass chimney and a surbased or
concave reflector above, which distributes the light uniformly in all directions.
The wick is regulated from the exterior without its being necessary to open the
lamp; this is effected by means of devices for transmitting motion, arranged within
or passing through a tube which may be carried up to near the point where the
upper part of the lamp is hinged to the lower part, so that the light may be regulated
notwithstanding the prevalence of violent winds. The transmitting devices
employed may be of any suitable description, as for example, an endless chain
passing over toothed wheels, or a chain or band and skew pullies, shafts, and bevel
gearing or any other equivalent contrivances.
The tube before referred to is also utilized for conducting air into the glass globe
of the lamp, the said air being introduced from the exterior at a point above the
reflector, and thence ascending to the upper orifice of the said tube, and passing
down the tube into the globe.
A tube is also provided passing through the oil cup for supplying cool air to the
centre of the flame. The lamp thus receives a double current of air, the oil is
maintained cool, and a more perfect combustion is obtained, whilst at the same time
overflow of oil is prevented and the consumption reduced to a minimum.
The hood at the upper part of the lamp is made in the form of a double truncated
cone perforated at its sides, and also having a perforated base separating the two

page_text: portions of the cone. By this arrangement of the hood a uniform draft is ensured
even during wind, rain, or snow. The effect of the hood is also promoted by the
arrangement of the upper part of a cylinder surrounding the glass chimney and
which is made of a conical form thus providing a restricted outlet orifice. By these
means the direct escape of the products of combustion is ensured without any liability
of deposit to obstruct the air openings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO BRAKES FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER VEHICLES."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Louis Morton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd July 1879.
GEORGE LOUIS MORTON, of Norwood, in the County of Surrey, and 323, High
Holborn, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO
BRAKES FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER VEHICLES."
In continuous brakes for railways as at present usually constructed much
difficulty is experienced in making the connections of the pipes between the
carriages and in keeping the joints tight. Now one of the advantages of my
system is that these joints are entirely done away with. I prefer to obtain the
power required for each carriage from that carriage itself, and I usually employ a
small pump or pumps worked by an excentric or other suitable means from one or
more axles, for collecting and compressing air or other fluid in a reservoir carried
by each carriage.
Communicating with this reservoir by a chamber containing one or more
suitable valves is a cylinder provided with preferably two pistons, each having a
piston rod passing out through its respective cover and connected by suitable
gearing with the brake blocks to be applied to the wheels. One method of
connecting the piston rods and brake blocks is to employ a shaft running across
the carriage and carrying certain levers; to one of these the piston rod is suitably
connected, and the others communicate with the levers which actuate the blocks.
There would thus usually be two of these shafts and accessories, one actuated by
each piston rod.
The valve or valves are so constructed that the pressure can be applied
between the two pistons (in which case the brakes will be "on"), or on the
farther sides of them (when the brakes will be "off"), by moving them either way,
and the valve rod or spindle passes through both ends of the valve chamber and is
extended underneath the carriage to both its ends and provided with suitable
couplings so that it can be joined on to the next carriages. By this arrangement
these rods form as it were a continuous valve rod underneath the whole train, one
end terminating in the guard's van at the end of the train, and the other on the
engine or leading guard's van.
In both vans or on the engine are provided suitable levers' for working this
continuous valve rod, so that the brakes may be applied from either end of the

page_text: train at will. The valves being so formed that the pressure is applied to the blocks
if it be moved either way, it will be seen that by this means the brakes will be put
on in case of accident, whether by collision with another-train-or-by-the-couplings-
parting, thus rendering its action automatic in case of accident.
Provision for the play of the carriages may be made either in the couplings of the 5
valve rods, in the rods themselves, or in the arrangement of the valves.