as Improvements in the Production or Manufacture of the Meshed, Grating, Grid, or like Metallic Parts of Articles such Riddles, Screens, Sieves, Cages, Scraper Mats, Window Guards, Fencings, Lattice Work, and the like.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Aug., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 17th May, 1893-Accepted, 17th June, 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
as
Improvements in the Production or Manufacture of the Meshed,
Grating, Grid, or like Metallic Parts of Articles such
Riddles, Screens, Sieves, Cages, Scraper Mats, Window Guards,
Fencings, Lattice Work, and the like.
I JOSEPH NICHOLS of the Cheapside Wire Works, in the City of Birmingham
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
:-
This invention relates to the production or manufacture of articles, having
grating or grid like structures, such for example as riddles, potato, coal, gravel,
lime, cereal and fodder screens, liquid and semi-liquid strainers, bird and animal
cages and pens, scraper-mats, grid panellings, lattice work, enclosure fencings,
window guards, fire-savers, and other articles of a like manufacture.
Heretofore the wires or the bars of such structures, have been united or
connected to the primary members, by lacings or binding wire.
These said
structures when in use, become deteriorated or worthless, consequent upon the said
lacings or binding wires becoming worn or broken, hence the releasing of the tied,
secondary or wire members, and the breaking up of the organization.
The object of my invention is to remedy this defect or these defects, by making
up the said wire-barred or grid or grating like structures, without the employment
of lacings or binding wires.
In carrying out one form of my invention in connection with a screen, I take a
series of separated and parallel tubes, having cross slits or cross gaps disposed at
suitable distances apart respectively. These cross slits or gaps extend to about
the middles of the tubes, so that on cross or grating wires being inserted within
them, the top surfaces of the said inserted wires, lie below the inside surfaces of
the tops of the tubes, thus admitting of tie wires being threaded longitudinally up
the tubes, and between the top sides of the inserted cross wires, and the inside tops
of the tubes, hence the locking or affixing of the cross or grating wires to and within
the primary and longitudinal tubes or members. The structure thus arranged and
tied together is then galvanized or tinned by passing the same into molten metal.
I prefer that the primary tubes should be open jointed, and that the cross gaps
should come upon the undersides of them.
In a panel or frame, the gaps of the outside primary tubes may be slightly
turned inwards, so that the crossing wires may be in the gaps, and the ends of the
said wires thereby hooded.
As a further form of my invention, the said primary bars may be made in the
form of inverted troughs, or of the cross section of an inverted letter U, and with
the cross gaps made within the bend part of the said trough.
The threading tie wires which may be half round, or of any section, are passed
above the grating wires, and between the inside tops of the primary rods.
In carrying out my antion in connection with a riddle, I cover up or protect
the ends of the primary rods, and the terminal ends of the grating rods, which pass
through the frame, by an outside circumferentially secured shield or metal hoop.
Thus, the bottom of the riddle is made up of a series of grating wires, united and
bonded to primary tubes, by threaded tie wires, whilst the ends of the said primary
tubes and grating wires, pass into and through the surrounding framing.
Instead of employing wires or rods as the grating bars, I may employ tubes of
small gauge.
As a still further form of my invention, the framing of the riddle may be made
up of tubing, with the ends of the primary tubes aud the wires of the mesh, taking
into and through the open joint, which is directed inwardly, and which may, if

page_text: necessary, be tied to the said framing by tie wires or rods, driven between the said
ends, and the inside top of the tubing constituting the boundary frame.
The sides of the riddle may be of wood or of metal, and the mesh parts may be
made loose or detachable and attachable at pleasure. Instead of tubes and wire
rods, flat metal bars may be employed.
The application of my invention to other articles, and to those herein enumerated,
differs in no essential respect from its application to a screen or riddle, other than
in the shape of the parts, and the employment of framings and other supplemental
parts.
Dated this 16th do of Anh 1000
JOSEPH NICHOLS,
By Henry Skerrett,
Agent for Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Production or Manufacture of the Meshed,
Grating, Grid, or like Metallic Parts of Articles such as
Riddles, Screens, Sieves, Cages, Scraper Mats, Window Guards,
Fencings, Lattice Work, and the like.
I, JOSEPH NICHOLS of the Cheapside Wire Works, in the City of Birmingham,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention relates to the production or manufacture of grid, or grating like
constructed articles, such for example as riddles; potato, coal, gravel, lime, cereal
and fodder screens; liquid and semi-liquid strainers; bird and animal cages and
pens scraper-mats; grid panellings; lattice work; enclosure-fencings; window-
guards; fire-savers and other articles of a like manufacture.
Heretofore, the component parts, bars or wires of these said structures have
been tied or connected together, or the secondary component parts have been
united to the primary ones, by in and out lacings of binding wire.
By wear, tear and corrosion, these said wires become broken, in consequence of
which the organization of the said structures become destroyed or broken up.
The object of my invention is to remedy this defect or these defects by making
up the said wire-barred, grid or grating-like structures, without the employment of
such binding or lacing wires.
In carrying out one form of my invention in connection with a lime or gravel
screen, I take a series of separated and parallel cross-gapped tubes, disposed at
suitable distances apart, and fitted within the gaps, which come preferably at the
back of the said screen, are grating wires, which lie below the top surfaces of
the parallel tubes, and are secured in their assigned positions by tie-wires,
threaded longitudinally up the tubes, and between the top sides of the inserted
wires and the inside tops of the tubes, hence the locking or affixing of the said
cross or grating wires to, and within, the primary and long dinal tubes or hollow
members.
This frame of bars, or grating-like structure may, if necessary, be galvanized
or tinned, so as to form a permanent set between the component parts of the
structure.
The primary tube members are preferably made from open-jointed lengths of
tubing, and the clearances for the cross gaps are cut out of the metal of the skelp
or strip, prior to the same being turned up.
The carrying out of my invention in connection with other grid or grating-like
structures is performed in a like manner to the making of a gravel or lime screen,
as aforesaid.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings represents, in perspective, a gravel or

page_text: Time screen, with a grating or meshed structure, constructed according to one
form of my invention.
Figure 2 represents in front elevation, a portion of the said grating-structure,
upon an enlarged scale.
Figure 3 represents a back elevation of Figure 2.
Figure 4 is a longitudinal section upon the dotted lines A B Figure 1, and
Figure 5 is a like section upon the dotted lines CD of the said figure.
In the first named section, the grating structure is preferably galvanized, in
order to prevent the shifting of the primary hollow bars upon the wires, should the
tie-wires not fit accurately.
It is desirable that the said tie-wires should fit tightly, so that, when the same
are driven home, any displacement is prevented.
In the second section, Figure 5, the displacement of the grating wires is
prevented by loops or bends of them, disposed at the two opposite sides of the
hollow stay and carrying bars.
Figure 6 represents a cross section upon the dotted lines E F Figure 3.
Figure 7 is a cross section upon the dotted lines G H of the said Figure 3.
Figure 8 is a front and edge view of the strip or skelp from which the hollow
and gapped bars are made.
In Figures 1 to 8, a are the sides of the screen, and is the wire barred frame
or meshed structure, consisting of horizontally directed hollow bars or tubes c, with
equi-distant cross gaps 2, formed within them, wherein the wires d, lie or seat
themselves, and are kept at equi-distances apart, and are affixed therein, and in
position by tie-wires or rods e, driven or passed up the said tubes, and between the
inside surfaces of the same and the grating wires or tie-rods.
These said tie-wires or locking rods are shown of a nearly half-round cross
section, but to this I do not limit myself, as the said cross section will entirely
depend upon the cross-sectional shape of the hollow rods or tubes with which they
are employed.
I wish it to be understood that the said tie-rods or wires fit tightly in their
assigned positions by the same being driven home.
In view of preventing the grating wires from becoming displaced in case the
grid-like structure is not galvanized, I propose to bend or twist parts of the said
grating wires into loops f, at the two opposite sides of the hollow bars, as shown in
both Figures 2 and 3, and represented in section in Figure 5.
The tie or locking wire or rod is threaded through the tubular bar, and in front
of the grating wires, in the same way as in the preceding arrangement.
Figure 9 represents a modified form of my invention, for preventing the grating-
wires from slipping, or from being displaced.
care the hollow bars, with an open and gapped front c². d are wires, directed
at right angles to the bars c, and with bent portions d', lying within the gaps, and
disposed across the insides of the said bars, and with tie wires or locking rods e,
passing between the said loop parts and the inside of the hollow of the rod.
The ends of the grating wires d, may, if necessary, rest within, and be protected
by, the unpierced sides of the bar, when the said bars form the ends to a grating or
meshed structure.
Figure 10 represents my invention applied to a parrot or bird cage.
Figure 11 represents a portion of the barred structure upon an enlarged scale.
a is the body of the cage, and the barred structure of the same, composed of
primary and tubular bars c, and grating wires d, fitted and affixed within gaps c³,
by tie or locking wires e, run in between the inside of the said hollow bars or tubes
of the one part, and the wires d, of the other part, hence the locking of the said
component parts together.
Figure 12 represents my improvements applied to a guard or fire-screen.
The component parts constituting the same are built up or secured and locked
together in the way and by the means as previously set forth.
Figure 13 represents my invention applied to a tree guard.

page_text: c are circular and hollow hoops, with cross gaps cut within them, and wherein
the vertical wires or rods b, lie, and are locked in position by threaded tie wires
alike as described in the previous arrangement.
Figure 14 represents a rat-trap constructed upon the same principle as the
other articles before described.
Figure 15 represents upon an enlarged scale, a portion of the said trap, which
is marked a and consists primarily of a series of hollow and gapped frames c, c²,
with wires d, locked in position, and to the hollow frames c, by locking or tie-
wires or rods e.
Figure 16 represents a portion of a grave border, consisting of upright and
horizontal members, united together by threaded tie-wires or locking bars, passed
between the inside of the tubular members, and in front of the outside of the
other members.
Figure 17 represents a portion of the same upon an enlarged scale.
Figure 18 shows a cross section of the same upon the dotted lines I J
Figure 17.
care tubular members, with gaps, piercings or incisions c, made partly through
them, and wherein portions of the other members d, lie, and seat themselves,
and are there rigidly affixed and locked by longitudinally threaded tie or locking
bars or wires e, coming between the insides of the tubular members, adjacent to
the
gaps, and the front of the other members lying between the gaps.
Figure 19 represents my invention applied to a nursery fender or fire-guard.
Figures 20 and 21 represent sectional portions of the same upon an enlarged
scale.
The said fender or guard is composed of primary tubular members c, gapped
or all-through pierced at c², and with the other members d, threaded through
the said all-through piercings or holes c², and the said second-named members
bonded or secured to the said first-named members by tie-rods or locking wires e,
threaded up the hollow wires, and coming between the inside walls of the same,
and the grating wires d, and which said grating wires may, if necessary, be
crimped, bulged or bent inwards by the threading wire, as represented in
Figure 22.
The wires or rods, when so bent, prevent any displacement of the parts, so
that the same do not require to be galvanized.
Figure 23 represents a further modified form of my invention, founded upon
the previous arrangements.
Figure 24 represents a section of the same.
c is a primary tubular member, with gaps or holes e³, made through it at
equi-distant points, wherein the coils or loops d', of the bar members d, inwardly
pass, and are there affixed in position by the threading of the tie-wire or locking
bar e, up the middle of the tubular member, and through the eyes of the said
loops, as best seen in Figure 24.
In Figure 25, the eyes of the bar members d, are in the form of bent loops,
with the terminals running or directed in the same straight line.
Figure 26 represents a riddle or screen, with a meshed bottom constructed and
arranged in accordance with my invention.
Figure 27 represents a border fencing, and Figure 28 a grid-iron, both con-
structed according to my invention.
Figure 29 is a back elevation of the meshed work of the said grid-iron, and
Figure 30 is a front elevation of a portion of the same.
Figure 31 is a sectional view.
care the hollow or tubular bar or rod members, with cross gap c², made at
equi-distances apart within them. d are bar members, secured within the gaps,
and to the tubular members, by threading or locking wires e, as aforesaid.
Figure 32 represents a tree-guard or circular fence constructed after the same
manner as the preceding articles or objects, other than that the bar or grating
members run continuously and spirally.

page_text: Figure 33 is a plan of the same.
c are the tubular and upright members, with cross-gaps c³, formed within them,
and d are grating members, running spirally around the other members, and
lying within the gaps of them, and there affixed by the longitudinally threaded
locking wires or bars e.
Figure 34 represents a fire-saver constructed in accordance with my invention,
composed of a series of bars forming a frame united together by means and in
the ways as set forth in the preceding examples of my invention.
Figure 35 represents a cross section of Figure 34, showing the inserted hook-
shaped ends of the cross bars.
As a further form of my invention, the said primary bars may be made in
the form of inverted troughs, or of the cross section of an inverted letter U, and
with the cross gaps made within the bend part of the said trough.
The threading tie-wires, which may be half round, or of any section, are passed
above the grating wires, and between the inside tops of the primary rods.
The terminal ends of the inserted rods, or other portions of them, may, if
necessary, be hooded over by supplementary or added parts.
Instead of employing wires or rods in conjunction with hollow bar, rod or tube
members, I may employ all tube members, or I may employ rod members with
semi-enclosed tube members.
If necessary for transit and storage, the parts may be made attachable and
detachable.
The application of my invention to other meshed, wire-barred or grating-like
structures differs in no essential respect from its application to the various
articles herein described and enumerated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
:-
First In meshed, grating or grid-like metallic structures, frames or articles,
consisting of gapped or pierced tubular, or semi-tubular primary members, and
rod or wire crossing members, united or connected together by internally located
and longitudinally threaded tie-wires or locking rods, substantially as, and for the
purpose as, described and set forth.
Secondly-In meshed, grating or grid-like metallic structures, frames or articles,
composed of combined tubular and wire or rod members, uniting, tying or connecting
the wire or rod members to the tubular members, by longitudinally-threaded tie-
wires or locking rods, disposed in front of the former members, and within the latter
members, substantially as described and set forth.
Thirdly-In meshed, grating, lattice or grid like metallic structures, frames or
articles, the general construction, arrangement and combination of the component
parts, and the special means of affixing the component parts thereof together without
the employment of lacing or binding wires, substantially as and for the purpose as
described and set forth.
Did thi
1000
JOSEPH NICHOLS,
By Henry Skerrett,
6, Livery Street, Birmingham, Agent for Applicant.