A NEW FLOUR FOR BREAD, PASTRY, AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1813

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
ROGERS, of Baggot Street, in the City of Dublin, but now residing at Bristol,
in that part of the United Kingdom called England; send greeting,
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the First day of November,
in the fifty-fourth year of His reign, give and grant unto me, the said Thomas
Rogers, my exors, 'admors; and assigns;: His especial licence, full power, sole
privilege and authority, that I, the said Thomas Rogers; my exors, admors,
and assigns, should and lawfully might,. during the term of years therein men-
tioned, make, use, exercise, and vend; within.England; Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed; my Invention of "A NEW FLOUR FOR BREAD, PASTRY, AND
OTHER PURPOSES;" in which said Letters Patent-there- is contained a proviso
that if I, the said Thomas Rogers, shall not particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and cause the
same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of, Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters

page_text: Patent, that then the said Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages
whatsoever thereby granted, shall utterly cease, determine, and become void,
as in and by the same, relation being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Thomas Rogers, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described
and ascertained as follows, that is to say:-
My said. Inventions is for the manufacturing from potatoes, or from potatoes
and parsnips, or other vegitable productions, a new flour as aforesaid by
machinery, which machinery may be attached to mill work or other mechanical
power. By the process I make use of the potatoes, &c., &c. are reduced to
a pulp, which pulp is, by pressing and drying, deprived of the aqueous part,
and brought into a granulated state by drying. It is then ground by a mill
in the manner of corn, but it grinds best mixed with wheat; one fourth of the
latter is a good proportion. After being thus ground it may be dressed in
the bolting machine like ground wheat. When the granulated potatoes,
&c., &c., are not ground with wheat, it is adviseable to mix it afterwards with
wheat bran for bolting. The flour made by the above process, if not ground
with wheat, is in all cases improved by mixing it with about one fifth of
wheat flour or meal. The granulated potatoes, &c., &c. will require to be
perfectly dry when to be ground without a mixture of wheat. It will dress
, by itself in the bolting machine, by which the skins are separated. This flour,
without any mixture of wheat or other corn, will make bread in the common
way by mixing a little more barm than is used for wheat flour.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING REPRESENTING THE MACHINERY.
Fig. 1 is the section of a cylinder for washing the potatoes, &c., &c. The
.most convenient dimensions are three feet by eight, and may be made most
conveniently of wood staves bolted to three iron rings, the staves one and an
half inch by one inch, and an inch asunder; the two end rings are connected
to the axis by arms, the center ring may be without arms. The axis A is a
.tube two inches diameter extending through the cylinder, where it joins B, a
solid axis. This tube is perforated through the surface from end to end with
a number of holes, so as to admit water to pass through in a continued shower.
The water is supplied from the cistern A, C, in the side of which the hollow
axis is introduced, so as to admit the water when the cistern is full, or nearly
:so; water is constantly supplied to the cistern by the pipe D. Brushes are
introduced in a few parts of the cylinder between the staves, which, with the

page_text: shower from the perforated axis, have the effect of cleansing the potatoes, &c.
with great expedition by the revolving of the cylinder, and the foul water runs
off between the staves into a shallow trough O, and is carried away by a spout
or other convenience. The end of the cylinder at A runs close to the side of
the cistern to prevent the potatoes, &c. from falling out as supplied by the
spout F, which may be conveyed from an apartment filled with potatoes, &c.
Although the cylinder is placed horizontal the contents are carried forward by
the rotation of the machine and discharged at the end B. Figure Two and
Three are longitudinal and reverse views of the grinding cylinder, shewing the
operation of working. This cylinder may be of wood or metal, or of both,
and any dimensions that may be found to answer. A, in each Figure, repre-
sents a cylinder of six feet long and eighteen inches diameter, covered with
strong tin or other metal plates, closely perforated with a sharp instrument or
punch, or otherwise, so as to raise a burr on one surface; the cylinder may be
stuck with points or otherwise made rough to grind, but pierced tin plates are
best, which may be nailed, screwed, or soldered on wood cylinders B, B. In
both Figures are reverse sections of the hopper that receives the potatoes from
the washing cylinder C, C. In both Figures is a breast plate of wood or
metal to keep the potatoes, &c., &c., firm to the face of the cylinder; the
bottom edge of the breast plate gently touches the cylinder; between both the
potatoes, &c., are entirely ground. D, Figure Three, is a presser that keeps the
potatoes down to the cylinder. There may be two of these pressers to the
length of the cylinder, which will be found more convenient than one. See
Figure Four, to a larger scale, which is a profile of the cylinder. A, the breast
I plate. B, the pressure, with a hook fastened to it that drops into a hole in the
breast plate A, for the purpose of guiding its motion; the upper end C moves
in a cross bar. Figure Five is a front view of the pressers; the pressers move
up and down close to the inside face of the breast plate; they may be given
this motion by a crank or other mechanical means attached to the machine.
E, Figure Three, represents a wheel with a pin projecting, that moves by its
revolving a crank or trigger, to which a chain is made fast from the presser over
a pully; four or five inches is sufficient to raise the presser for a supply of
potatoes to get under, and each stroke or rise of the pressure should be
performed in about every fifteen seconds to a good grinding cylinder. The
presser may be of other shape or dimensions. F, F, Figure Two, is the repre-
sentation a long narrow trough or open shoot, supplied with water by the
pipe G; this trough overflows from end to end by little notches cut in the
edge the whole length of the cylinder. The water thus supplied runs down on
the ground potatoes, &c., which would otherwise clog on the cylinder. A long

page_text: narrow brush, placed against the cylinder at the opposite side to the breast
plate, sweeps the pulp from off the cylinder into the trough H, from whence
the contents run by a spout into a vat I. There may be several of these vats
connected together, so that the overflowing of the first may fill the others at
pleasure. In these vats there may be cocks or plug holes at different heighs
to draw off the water as the pulp subsides; a sewer under the vats would be
most convenient to carry off the unnecessary water discharged from them.
Fig. Six is a representation, of the brush for the cylinder. The ground
potatoe, &c. or pulp is taken out of the vats by bucketts or otherwise, and
pressed in the manner of linseed or rape when manufactured for oil; the cake
formed in the press is broken small and dried in a stove or otherwise, and then
ground in a mill like wheat or other grain, as first described... The line
shaft K, K, Figure Two and Three, is to be attached to mill work. or other
power to move the machinery described.. L, Figure Two, are cog to wheels to
the line shaft and grinding cylinder. M,, M, Figure 1 and VII., shews a profile
and front view of a drum wheel that drives the washing cylinder by a band, or
belt from the line shaft below, or may be moved otherwise., Fig. Eight &
Nine represent an instrument for the purpose of perforating the plates of tin
or other metals; it is composed of two iron or steel plates, one drops into the
other. Fig. Eight is the bottom plate, which is about an inch thick, with a.
margin rising half an inch, and six bolts or studs, rising half an inch more..
Figure Nine is a view of Figure Eight, but with the top plate dropped into the
margin. A, A, are two handles for moving the top plate in and out; it drops;
on the six pins or studs, through which there are forelocks driven to keep the
two plates secure together; the upper plate is pierced through, and opposite:
each hole of the upper plate; the under plate is pierced about half an inch;
the holes are about one quarter of an inch, diameter, and about that distance
from each other. When the operation is to be performed the plate of tin, &c.;
is placed between the two plates of the instrument, which are fastened together
by the forelocks; the tin, &c. is then perforated. thro' the holes of the instru-
ments by a suitable punch with a sharp point.. The punch must. be, smaller
than the holes of the instrument by the thickness of the plate to be pierced,
otherwise the punch will not drive freely. This instrument.is. to the. enlarged;
scale.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Rogers, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fourteen.
THOMAS ROGERS. (L.S.)

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-eighth day of April,
in the year of our Lord 1814, the aforesaid Thomas Rogers came before our
said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stampt according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose..
Inrolled the Thirtieth day of April, in the year of our Lord One.
thousand eight hundred and fourteen.