IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS OR STEAM GENERATORS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PÅTENT to George Allibon, Alexandre Manbré, and William
Asplan Beldam, all of No. 19, Salisbury Street, Strand, London,
and 3, York Buildings, Dale Street, Liverpool, Engineers, for the
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Allibon,
Alexandre Manbré, and William Asplan Beldam at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 23rd January
1875.
We, GEORGE ALLIBON, ALEXANDRE MANDRÉ, and WILLIAM ASPLAN
BELDAM, all of No. 19, Salisbury Street, Strand, London, and 3, York
Buildings, Dale Street, Liverpool, Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS OR
STEAM GENERATORS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in those kinds or descriptions
of steam boilers or steam generators in which there are two or more
vessels or steam generators mounted one above the other or arranged

page_text: in two or more vertical ranges or series; and to those in which the
lower vessel or vessels or the boiler or boilers proper contain the
furnace or furnaces, and are wholly filled with water, and are connected
to and combined with one or more tubular (or they may in some cases
be tubulous) vessels, and which latter are mounted and supported above
the lower boiler or boilers proper, and to and with which they are
sufficiently connected by means of tube connections to permit of the free
circulation of the water and the free and unimpeded escape of the
steam (as generated from every part and portion thereof). Such upper
tubular vessels or steam generators (or a series thereof) may be only
partially or mainly filled with water, and the upper portion thereof,
above the line of the tubes, be devoted to the reception and storeage of
steam, for which such upper portion of such tubular steam generator
forms a steam reservoir or store, either alone or (by preference) to be
used in conjunction with one or more horizontal steam receiving and
drying vessels, which in like manner are connected by a sufficient
number and size (or combined area of connecting steam pipes) to give
perfectly free passage thereto of free dry steam as it is generated, and
passes from the vessels below them. From the upper sides of such
steam receivers and dryers the steam is discharged or taken for use in
the engine by means of a steam pipe or pipes, and the usual shut-off
valve or valves and their connections.
These improvements are designed to better adapt such descriptions of
steam boilers and steam generators to occan marine steam ship purposes,
more particularly where large volumes of steam are required to be
generated at high pressures in a dry state, and in which the avoidance.
of "priming" is most essential, and where also compactness combined
with the greatest facility for disconnecting parts or portions or sections
of the steam generating vessels (one from the other), and for effecting
readily the examination, cleansing, and repairs of the internal and other
portions thereof.
By the foregoing description of the construction and general arrange-
ment of the main or principal portions of cach of the steam generating
and storing vessels and their connections, and the mode of combining
them together, and as to the economical objects sought to be obtained
thereby, it will be understood that the description mainly relates to and
sets forth the present modified and improved arrangement and disposition
of parts of the Invention. But the main feature of our present Inven-

page_text: tion relates to a novel construction of and in the mode and method of
combining and applying the sections of such steam generating apparatus
in a novel and useful manner, by which still greater economy is effected,
not only in coal consumption, but in the economy of space, and in the
greater facilitics afforded for dealing in detail with the several sections
or portions of the steam generating and storcing vessels, and in their
distinctive and separative arrangements, and their employments in case
of need when derangements occur and the necessity for separately
treating or operating upon portions of the series of parts or on the
sections, whenever the necessity occurs therefor.
Now instead of mounting or arranging steam boilers or steam
generators as heretofore we arrange and dispose of the lower water-
boiling vessels, and the tubular vessels above them, and the strictly
steam-receiving vessels above them again, in steam ships, say for
instance, in a fore-and-aft disposition of such steam boilers (or the
steam generating vessels) by calculating the proper proportions of the
length of such boilers or vessels to their other dimensions and arrange-
ments of parts, so that the respective pairs or sets of parts of the water
holding, and the part water and part steam-holding vessels, and the
exclusively steam receiving and storing vessels are set back to back
(end-on), and separate combustion chambers are provided to and for
cach set; and the division between the two is formed of a vertical wall
of fire-brick, say, transversely to the ship, encased in an iron framework
and casing, which may extend (at such part) up to or above the line of
the tubes in the upper vessels or steam generators, so that the flame or
gases in combustion and the heated products are reversed after they
leave the back ends of the furnaces, are turned through the tubes of the
upper vessel to the front, and from thence are carried to the "uptake"
or take up and gathered together at the root of the funnel, and so
delivered and discharged.
The water-boiling vessels (or the boilers containing the furnaces) and
the tubular steam generators may be connected together at their
respective back ends by means of wrought-iron pipes for the purpose
of facilitating the free circulation of the water and the free interchange
of steam by passage ways, and such pipes when so applied and connected
may pass across the two separate combustion chambers, and so act as
additional heating surfaces, as well as for promoting rapid and free
circulation.

page_text: "
By means of "webs or division plates in connection with the tubular
arrangement, and in and in connection with the flame and smoke boxes,
the several and separate parts of the steam generating parts of these
boilers or steam generators can be cleansed or otherwise operated upon,
without interfering with other portions thereof.
The "take up" to the chimney, or the "housing in," or the casing of
the whole may inclose the steam-storing vessel or reservoir, and so
impart heat thereto for the purpose of drying the steam and enabling it
to be delivered rapidly in a dry and perfectly usable condition; or instead
thereof the steam receiver or the cylindrical vessel into which the whole
of the steam generated in the other vessels is discharged, and from which
it is drawn or delivered to the engines for use, may have the "uptake "
and the root of the chimney or funnel above and free from it, so as to
admit of its being got at freely, without disturbing the "uptake" or any
other portion of the exterior fittings or mountings.
Within the lower or lowest cylindrical vessel, which is at all times full
of water, there may be one, two, three, or more chambers, and the heated
products of combustion pass from the back ends of such furnaces into
the combustion chamber, and thence up to the back ends of the tubes in
the lower portion of the upper (or tubular) vessel, and the course of the
current is then along the whole of the tubes to the fore ends thereof, and
from thence through the smoke box to the "uptake" or take up, and
on to the root of the chimney, and thence upwards.
"
The tube connections applied between the water-circulating portions
of the apparatus, such as from the bottom of the upper or tubular vessels 2
of the series and the lower (water boiling) vessels, are (in every case) to
be large and free for circulation, and so placed as to avoid the effects of
"wash
against the highly heated surfaces of the furnace tubes or flues;
and in like manner in the upper vessels in their connections with the
steam reservoirs or dry steam chamber the discharged steam is taken off 3
at the highest point and in several places, so as to prevent " priming
"and we prefer to connect the dry steam receiver along the lower
side thereof by steam pipes with the lower water boiler (as well as with
the tubular vessels) by vertical pipes, and by which the condensed steam,
when such collects, is allowed to fall into the lowest vessel and collect 3
therein.
over;

page_text: One or more boilers proper, each containing a furnace or furnaces, may
be combined together side by side, and two, three, or more tubular steam-
generating vessels may be mounted above and partly between them, and
a corresponding arrangement or duplication may be made (as before
described) when a forc-and-aft disposition of the boilers (or sets of
boilers) is made; or there may be two or more such sets and arrange-
ments of parts disposed side by side, and their duplications (end on) in
like manner as first described, be made, where the breadth of the ship
(if they be used in a ship) will permit thereof.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
"
filed by the said George Allibon, Alexandre Manbré, and William
Asplan Beldam in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 23rd July
1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc, GEORGE
ALLIBON, ALEXANDRE MANBRÉ, and WILLIAM ASPLAN BELDAM, all of
No. 19, Salisbury Strect, Strand, London, and 3, York Buildings, Dale
Street, Liverpool, Engineers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign,, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto us, the said George Allibon, Alexandre
Manbré, and William Asplan Beldam, Her special licence that we, the
said George Allibon, Alexandre Manbré, and William Asplan Beldam,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the
said George Allibon, Alexandre Manbré, and William Asplan Beldam
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS OR STEAM GENERATORS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said George Allibon, Alexandre Manbré,
and William Asplan Beldam, our executors or administrators, by an

page_text: instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said George Allibon, Alexandre
Manbré, and William Asplan Beldam, do hereby declare the nature of
our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and two Sheets of Drawings:-
-
This Invention relates to improvements in those kinds or descriptions
of steam boilers or steam generators in which there are two or more
· vessels or steam generators mounted one above the other or arranged in
two or more vertical ranges or series, and to those in which the lower
vessel or vessels or the boiler or boilers proper contain the furnace or
furnaces, and which lower vessels are wholly filled with water, and are
connected to and combined with one or more tubular vessels, and which
latter are mounted and supported above the lower boiler or boilers proper,
and to and with which they are sufficiently connected by means of tube
connections to permit of the free circulation of the water and the free
and unimpeded escape of the steam as it is generated from every part
and portion thereof. Such upper tubular vessels or steam generators (or
a series thereof) may be only partially or mainly filled with water, and
the upper portion thercof above the of the tubes be devoted to the
reception and storeage of steam, for which such upper portion of such
tubular steam generator forms a primary steam reservoir or store, either
alone or (by preference) to be used or employed in conjunction with one or
more horizontal steam receiving and drying vessels, which in like manner
are connected by a sufficient number and size (or combined area) of con-
necting steam pipes to give perfectly free passage thereto of free dry
steam as it is generated, and passes to it or them from the vessels below
them. From the upper sides of such steam receivers and dryers, or from
a central tube forming a stay thereto, the steam is discharged or taken
for use in the engine by means of a steam pipe or pipes and the usual
shut-off valve or valves and their connections.
These improvements are designed to better adapt such descriptions of
steam boiler or steam generator to ocean marine steamship purposes,
1

page_text: more particularly where large volumes of steam are required to be
generated at high pressures in a dry state, and in which the avoidance of
priming is most essential, and where also a compactness combined with
the greatest facility for disconnecting parts or portions or sections of the
steam generating vessels (one from the other), and for effecting readily
the examination, cleansing, and repairs of the internal and other portions
thereof.
By the foregoing description of the construction and general arrange-
ments of the main or principal portions of such of the steam generating
and storing vessels and their connections and the mode of combining them
together, and as to the economical objects sought to be obtained thereby,
it will be understood that the description mainly relates to and sets forth
the present modified and improved arrangement and disposition of parts of
the Invention, but the main features of our present Invention relates to a
novel construction of, and in the modes and method of combining and
applying the sections of such steam generating apparatus in a novel and
useful manner, by which greater economy is effected, not only in coal.
consumption, but in the economy of space, and in the greater facilities
afforded for dealing in detail with the several sections or portions of the
steam generating and storcing vessels, and in their distinctive and
separative arrangements, and their employments in case of need when the
derangement occur, and the necessity for separately treating or operating
upon portions of the series of parts or on the sections whenever the
necessity occurs therefor.
Now instead of mounting or arranging steam boilers or steam gene-
rators as heretofore, we arrange and dispose of the lower water boiling
vessels and the tubular vessels above them, and the strictly steam
receiving vessels above them again, in steam ships, say, for instance, in
a forc-and-aft disposition of such steam boilers (or the steam generating
vessels) by calculating the proper proportions of the length of such
boilers or vessels to their other dimensions and arrangements of parts,
so that the respective pairs or sets of parts of the water holding, and the
part water and part steam holding vessels, and the exclusively steam
receiving and storing vessels are set back to back "end on," and
separate combustion chambers are provided for and to each set, and the
division between the two is formed of a vertical wall of fire-brick, say,
transversely to the ship, encased in an iron framework and casing, which
may extend (at such part) up to or above the line of the tubes in the

page_text: bustion and the heated products are reversed after they leave the back
ends of the furnaces, and are turned through the tubes of the upper
Ivessel to the front, and from thence are carried to the " uptake" or
take-up, and gathered together at the root of the funnel and so delivered
and discharged.
The water boiling vessels (or the boilers containing the furnaces) and
the tubular steam generators may be connected together at their
respective back ends by means of wrought-iron pipes for the purpose of
facilitating the free circulation of the water and the free interchange of
steam by passage ways, and such pipes when so applied and connected
may pass across the two separate combustion chambers, and so act as
additional heating surfaces, as well as for promoting rapid and free
circulation.
By means of "webs" or division plates in connection with the tubular
arrangement, and in connection with the flame and smoke boxes, the
several and separate parts of the steam generating parts of these boilers
or steam generators can be cleansed or otherwise operated upon without
interfering with other portions thereof.
The "take up" to the chimney, or the "housing in," or the casing
of the whole may inclose the steam storing vessel or reservoir, and so
impart heat thereto for the purpose of drying the steam and enabling it
to be delivered rapidly in a dry and perfectly usable condition; or,
instead thereof, the steam receiver or the cylindrical vessel into which
the whole of the steam generated in the other vessels is discharged, and
from which it is drawn or delivered to the engines for use, may have the
"uptake" and the root of the chimney or funnel above and free from
it, so as to admit of its being got at freely without disturbing the
uptake" or any other portion of the exterior fittings or mountings.
"
Within the lower or lowest cylindrical vessel (which is at all times
full of water) there may be one, two, three, or more furnaces, and the
heated products of combustion pass from the back ends of such furnaces
into the combustion chamber, and thence up to the back ends of the
tubes in the lower portion of the upper (or tubular) vessel, and the
course of the current is then along the whole of the tubes to the fore
ends thereof, and from thence through the smoke box to the " 'uptake'
or take up, and on to the root of the chimney, and thence upwards,
"

page_text: The tube connections applied between the water circulating portions
of the apparatus, such as from the bottom of the upper or tubular vessels
of the series and the lower (water boiling) vessels are (in every case) to
be large and free for circulation, and so placed as to avoid the effects of
"wash" against the highly heated surfaces of the furnaces, tubes, or flues;
and in like manner in the upper vessels in their connections with the
steam reservoirs or dry steam chamber the discharged steam is taken off
at the highest point and in several places so as to prevent "priming"
over," and we prefer to connect the dry steam receiver along the lower
side thereof by steam pipes with the lower water boiler (as well as with
the tubular vessels) by vertical pipes, and by which the condensed
steam, when such collects, is allowed to fall into the lowest vessel and
collect therein.
One or more boilers proper, each containing a furnace or furnaces,
may be combined together side by side, and two, three, or more tubular
steam generating vessels may be mounted above and partly between
them, and a corresponding arrangement or duplication may be made, as
before described, when a fore and aft disposition of the boilers or sets of
boilers is made; or there may be two or more such sets or arrangements
of parts disposed side by side, and their duplications (end on) in like
manner, as first described, be made where the breadth of the ship (if
they be used in a ship) will permit thereof.
The steam may be taken from the steam receiver by means of a
central tube perforated with holes and forming a longitudinal stay for
the ends of the steam receiver or reservoir, more especially where such
receiver is common to two sets of steam generators.
The vertical tubes from the lower vessel containing the furnaces
should, by preference, be inverted conical tubes of the "Galloway" type,
and the connection between the lower vessel containing the furnaces
and the upper steam generating vessels may be varied in their disposition
from those shown in the accompanying Drawings for the purpose of
more readily promoting the circulation of the water. We therefore wish
it to be understood that by our Invention we effect the economical
arrangement and disposition of steam generators as herein-before
mentioned, more particularly those intended for marine purposes, by the
combination of a boiler or boilers, each containing a furnace (or
furnaces) and entirely filled with water, with tubular steam generators

page_text: and a common steam receiver (or receivers) suitably mounted at different
levels and connected together by means of wrought-iron pipes of largo
dimensions, and when applied on board a ship (with the furnaces either
fore and aft or athwart ship) the boilers and tubular vessels are arranged
(in every case) back to back and connected together by means of hori-
zontal pipes to insure a perfectly free circulation of the water contained
thicrein.
The combustion chamber at the end of each arrangement of steam
generators may be formed by a cross wall or otherwise and cased in,
so that the space between the two longitudinal (or transverse) sets of
steam generators may be divided and the water circulation pipes may
cross them or pass through them horizontally; the flame and heated
products of combustion pass from the back of cach furnace up the com-
bustion chamber into the back end of the tubes (of the tubular vessel or
steam generator), and along them to the smoke box in the front, and
from thence to the uptake and the root of the funnel or chimney.
The horizontal steam receiver is (or receivers are) connected by
vertical pipes with and to the boiler or to the boilers containing the
furnaces, and also with or to the tubular steam generators, and the
uptakes may be brought together over the steam reservoir, and where a
nest of four sets of boilers is formed the four uptakes may be brought
together and combined, and so be brought to the root of a common. (or
single) funnel, or two separate funnels may be employed.
In the accompanying two Sheets of Drawings Figure 1, Sheet 1, is a
longitudinal elevation or side view, one half of which is in section, as
herein-after described; Figure 2 is a plan view of a set of boilers or
steam generating vessels suitable for a steam ship, the smoke being
taken off by one central funnel or chimney in which the uptakes are
combined.
In Sheet 2 Figure 3 is an end elevation, one half in scetion
(vertically); Figure 4 is a transverse section of the plan view; and
Figure 5 is a transverse section of the upper portion of Figure 4
showing an increased diameter of the steam receiver with a tubular
central stay by which the steam is drawn off in a dry condition. In
this view the cubic contents of the steam receiver or reservoir are
increased in proportion to the steam generating capabilities of the
other portions of the apparatus.

page_text: In each view A is the lower steam generating vessel containing the
furnaces, B being the furnaces themselves which, in each case, as shown
in the views on the several Sheets, are contained within the length
or within the longitudinal axes of the lower vessel or boiler, in which
there is no steam space allowed above the level of the water, as the
furnaces and the bridge of each furnace arc contained within the length
of the circular vessel forming the boiler and steam generator, the shell
of which (C) vessel bounds or circumferentially encloses the furnaces;
D is the combustion chamber behind and above the bridge (E, E,) of
each furnace, &c., F, F, being the furnace bars; G, G, &c., are the
horizontal tubes for enabling the circulation of the water to be carried
on between the lower vessels, as also between the upper vessels on the
same levels; H, H, &c., are the vertical steam pipes or connections
for relieving the lower vessels of steam and discharging it into the
steam receiver or receivers I. The upper tubular vessels K, K, &c.,
are (in like manner) connected to and with the lower or water-filled
steam generators by means of the pipes or connections L, L, which may
be disposed and arranged in other ways than that shown on Figure 3, &c.
The steam generated in the upper or tubular steam generators K, K, is,
delivered into the steam receiver I by means of the curved or elbow
pipes or connections M, M, &c. From thence the steam is drawn off
or delivered in a dry condition for use in the engines through the pipe N,
and the supply or shut-off valve O regulates the admission of steam
to the engine through and by means of the regulating valve P. The
doors R, R, &c., of the smoke box leading to the uptake S admit of
the sections of the tubes contained within the upper steam generators K
being cleaned, and a vertical web applied at the ends of the steam
generator K may divide the tubular sections of such vessel, and also
by a vertical web or division plate one or other of such tubular vessels
may be divided and separated from the other in case of need.

page_text: If it should be found necessary in practice instead of taking the
supply of steam for the engines direct from the hollow stay or steam
pipe N, a steam dome may be mounted on the common steam
receiver or reservoir I, which may be carried up within the root of
the chimney or funnel as a means of drying and increasing the tem-
perature of the steam before it is delivered to the engines.
As to the other portions of the steam generating and delivering
apparatus, and as to the water feeding and water circulating con-
nections, there being therein nothing novel or peculiarly applicable
to or connected with our present Invention, we have not considered
it necessary to define such parts or portions of the apparatus by means
of letters of reference. Also as to the encasement of the exterior
portions of the steam generating vessels we have only to observe
that inasmuch as the furnaces and the heat-abstracting portions of
the apparatus, according to the present Invention, the surfaces which
would be exposed to the atmosphere or to heat-abstracting influences
may and should be encased, the other parts or portions of such
apparatus in which secondary heating occurs, and on the passage
of the heat or heated products of combustion from the tubular vessels
or portions of the steam generating apparatus are protected and
radiation checked by the ordinary modes of double casings or lined
coverings or encasements, and thus the remaining heat necessary for
promoting circulation and combustion in the furnaces is mainted up
to the root or base of the chimney or funnel, or to the chimnics or
funnels (where more than one chimney is necessary).
For heating the feed water before it enters the steam generators a
portion of the root of the chimney or funnel may be fitted with and
made to contain a receiver or vessel divided into two or more portions,
one of which should be connected with and to the lower vessel or boiler
containing the furnaces by which the water to be used for steam
generation may abstract and receive some portion of the heat escaping
from the steam generating apparatus, and by which means also the solid
or depositable matter may be thrown down and deposited from the water
before entering the boiler or the steam generators, and incrustation upon
the furnace tubes or furnace cylinders (B, B,) of the boiler will be
avoided, and also the detrimental effects due to the injection of cold
water directly upon the highly heated surfaces. will be avoided.

page_text: In Figures 1, &c., the disposition of the feed water discharge or
delivery into the lower vessels is merely shown for the purpose of
indicating how such may be effected without detriment, but it is not
intended by such indication to fix or bind ourselves to the precise mode
or arrangement there shown.
We are aware that various contrivances of steam boilers or steam
generators have heretofore been made with the same intention and
purpose as that of the present Invention, and various expedients have
been resorted to for effecting the same objects, such for instance, as in
the "Kesterton" boiler, where the furnace is exterior to and in advance
of the lower water-filled vessel, whilst in such arrangement the upper
vessels are without tubes and exceed in length the lower vessels, and arc
placed directly over the furnace; and the heat acts directly upon the
front portion of each upper vessel or steam generator; and the products
of combustion after passing along the upper sides of the lower vessels
return along the lower sides, or the water-filled portions of the upper
vessels externally, such upper vessels having no tubes and no interior
passage of heat through the body of the contained water.
We are also aware that other contrivances have been already arranged,
described, and put in practice, such for instance, as "Howard's safety
boiler," in which each lower water-filled vessel consists of a single
furnace surrounded by a thin annular ring of water, the inner and outer
cylinders of such lower (water-filled) vessel being nearly of the same
diameter, or admitting of only one furnace within such vessel; and the
upper or tubular steam generator consists of a cylinder entirely filled
with tubes and with water, the water level being above such vessel, and
is situated within the third or higher vessel or steam receiver which is
without tubes; where the lower tube or vessel is made sufficiently long
to be fixed at both ends, a central combustion chamber is provided,
common to both longitudinal portions of the lower or water-filled vessel
which contains a furnace at each end thereof; and also by this last-
mentioned arrangement and disposition of steam generators (Howard's)
the furnaces are each contained within a separate vessel or cylinder
with a thin annular body of water surrounding them; and all the
vertical connecting pipes are all water filled and are water-circulating
connections through which the steam generated in the two lower vessels
is caused to pass and produce ebulition when discharging into the upper

page_text: vessel which receives the final application of heat to one side or portion
only of each vessel on its way to the chimney or funnel.
Having now described our Invention of "Improvements in Steam
Boilers or Steam Generators," and also pointed out wherein it differs
from certain known types of improved steam boilers or steam generators,
we wish it to be understood that whilst we do not intend hereby to limit
or confine ourselves to the precise proportions of the several parts or to
the relations or exact dispositions of the details thereof, or to the mode
of connecting the same with the feed water arrangement, or to the
mode of supplying such vessels with water shown in the accom-
panying Drawings; we nevertheless limit and confine ourselves to the
arrangement and disposition of the main features and portions of the
said steam boilers or steam generators as hercin described and set forth
and substantially as illustrated in the accompanying 2 Sheets of
Drawings, reference being made to the textual matter herein contained
and set forth.
-
In witness whereof, we, the said George Allibon and William
Asplan Beldam, have hereunto sct our hands and scals, the
Twenty-first day of July 1875, on behalf of ourselves and
Alexandre Manbré.
GEORGE ALLIBON.
(L.S.)
Witness,
WILLIAM ASPLAN BELDAM. (L.S.)
WILLIAM HENRY SMITH,
8, York Buildings,
Dale Street,
Liverpool.