Improvements in Looms for Weaving Tufted Carpets and like Fabrics.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 16th June, 1891-Accepted, 8th Aug., 1891
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Looms for Weaving Tufted Carpets and like
Fabrics.
I HORACE WYMAN of Worcester, in the State of Massachusetts one of the
United States of America, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
In the manufacture of tufted fabrics in looms it is customary to wind the tuft-
yarn side by side upon tuft-yarn warp beams carried by chains, the color of the
yarns on each beam according with the color of the row of tufts to be made by
the yarns taken from each beam, there being as many beams having different colors
or windings as there are different rows of transverse tufts in the pattern.
These beams are usually taken from the chains and presented in proper relation
to the warps at or near the fell to have the tuft-yarns incorporated with the warp,
which has been done in various ways.
These tuft-yarn beams have been provided with a series of needle-like guides for
the tuft yarns, and when the beams have been removed from the chains the ends of
the tuft yarns extending from the guides have been passed downward between the
warp threads, where devices co-operating therewith have engaged the tuft yarns
and turned them upwardly around a weft-thread, so that the tufts are secured upon
the said weft-thread or filling as in the Specification of Letters Patent No. 235
dated January 18 1877.
In other instances the warp-beams have been left in the chain and have been
brought intermittently into position to have the ends of the tuft-yarns held in
guides seized by nippers which pull from the beam a proper amount of each tuft-
yarn for a row of tufts, after which the tuft-yarns are cut off and the nippers
reversed in position to present the ends of the short lengths of tuft-yarns held by
them to the warps to be incorporated therewith in the form of loops as in the
Specification of Letters Patent No. 13684 dated November 10 1885 and so also
tuft-yarns have been wound singly upon bobbins and led through needles arranged
in banks, each needle being placed under the control of a Jacquard as in the
Specification of Letters Patent No. 7313 dated June 1 1886, wherein the needles,
each having a yarn of the color desired to be supplied by it in a particular spot in
the transverse row of tufts next to be made, may be selected and placed in a row
transversely across the warps, the selected needles, after having been evened or
brought into line, being lowered together so that their points pass into the shed,
where the tuft-yarns depending from the needles are caught and locked into the
fabric.
In my efforts to improve and simplify tuft fabric looms, I have devised a loom
containing a series of warp-beams mounted in carriages carried by chains, the
carriages having attached to them suitable yarn-guides through which the tuft
yarns are led to be delivered, and I have so mounted the said chains that
the beams carried by them have given to them not only a rising and falling
motion to thus enable the yarn-guides to descend to and then be lifted above
the warp, but also so that the beam then supplying the tuft-yarns may be
swung forward and backward with relation to the cloth-making point and the usual
tuft-cutting mechanism.
Each tuft-yarn may be, and is shown as, wound upon a small disk bobbin, and a
series of such disk bobbins on a shaft common to the said series will form a tuft-yarn
beam, each disk bobbin having a yarn of any desired color.
But instead of such a beam composed of small disk bobbins the heam may be

page_text: wound directly with tuft-yarns of the desired color, all as usual in the Patent
referred to.
One part of my invention consists in a loom containing chains supporting a series
of carriages having suitable tuft.yarn-beams, and a series of cooperating yarn-
guides of suitable construction for the tuft-yarns, the said chains being mounted
upon suitable sprocket or other wheels contained in a lift frame, whereby, when the
said frame descends, the yarn guides cooperating with the lowermost tuft-yarn
beam then in operative position will present the tuft-yarns carried by them, into
the shed near the cloth-making point, as will be described.
Also in a loom containing a lift frame provided with intermittingly-rotatable
sprocket wheels; suitable means to move the said frame vertically and to swing the
same chains engaged by said sprocket wheels; and carriages carried by said
chains, each carriage having a tuft-yarn beam and a series of suitable tuft-yarn
guides, as will be described.
Also in a loom for weaving tuft fabrics, a carriage provided with bearings at each
end thereof and having a series of trough-like guides of U-shape in cross section,
the said guides receiving the tuft-yarns, the open front edges of the guides being
contracted in width for a portion of their length to produce friction upon the
tuft-yarns as will be described.
Also in a loom for weaving tuft fabrics, a carriage provided with bearings at
each end thereof and having a series of trough-like guides of Ụ shape in cross
section to receive the tuft-yarns, the open front edges of the guides being contracted
for a portion of their length to produce friction upon the tuft-yarns, and being yet
further contracted at their lower ends to retain the tuft yarns well within the
trough shaped guides, as will be described.
Also in a loom for weaving tufted fabrics containing a rising and falling frame
provided with a series of sprocket wheels, and chains or equivalents actuated
thereby and carrying a series of carriages provided with tuft yarn beams, the
carriages having a series of suitable yarn-guides, to operate substantially as will be
described.
Fig. 1 is a partial end elevation of a loom embodying my invention, Fig. 2 being
a view of part of the same end of the loom lower down.
Fig. 3 a partial front elevation of the right hand end of the loom shown in
Fig. 1 with the greater portion of the chain omitted, the said fig. showing however
part of one tuft-yarn beam and its yarn guides, the tuft-yarns being shown as
depending therefrom the parts at the left hand side of the loom being omitted
because they are mere duplicates of the parts shown, the lay having been omitted
as it is shown in part in Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 on an enlarged scale shews part of one end of one tuft-yarn beam,
the carriage for holding it, and the yarn guides and tuft yarns, and one link of the
chain,
Fig. 5 a right hand end elevation of the parts shown in Fig. 3,
Fig. 6, a perspective view of one of the links detached,
Fig. 7 is a partial vertical section taken just inside the arm k³, cutting off the
pivot ko, and showing in elevation that pair of arms to the lower ends of which
are secured the opposite ends of the back shear or blade which overlaps the front
shear or blade carried by the arms k", the arms being set one ahead of the other
and near opposite sides of the loom so as to give to the blade carried by them an
angular position,
Fig. 8, a detail to show part of one sprocket wheel and one form of locking device
to keep it in the position in which it is left by the pawl which actuates the sprocket
wheel to move the chain, and
Fig. 9, a lower end view of one of the yarn-guides.
I have omitted from the loom herein to be described many actuating parts,
because they may be such as common to other looms in use, and I have elected at
this present time to illustrate my invention as applied to a form of loom substan-
tially such as shewn in the Specification accompanying my application for Letters

page_text: Patent No. 2410 dated February 10 1891 ; and to facilitate the description of the
invention herein contained without unnecessarily complex drawings, I shall in
reference to some of the parts use designating letters such as are used in the said
Patent; and inasmuch as each half or side of the rising and falling frame is alike
and fully shown and described in said Patent I have deemed it unnecessary in the
drawings of this present invention to show more than one side, it being understood
that the parts shown, such as the guide ed, slide e³, bars 18, and arms or levers a',
are duplicated at the other side of the loom.
A represents the frame-work, 68 a grooved guide-bar pivoted at e2 on stand e18, e
a slide mounted to slide in the grooves of said guide-bar 8 and jointed at 14 to the
arms 18, the said slide and arms forming the chief parts of a vertically movable and
swinging frame called the lift frame.
my
The arms e derive their forward and backward movement once during the
insertion of each three double picks of filling as provided for in said Specification
No. 2410 as well as in the said Specification of Letters Patent No. 7313 dated
June 1 1886, by or through a tubular rock shaft surrounding the rock-shaft f, the
said tubular shaft having near each end like arms e¹³, each connected at its upper
end by rods el to the upper end of one of the guide-bars e³.
The tubular rock-shaft has a third arm e¹ provided with a roller or other stud
which is acted upon by a cam e¹, shown by dotted lines.
The slide bars e³ have jointed to them links f, in turn jointed to arms
adjustably attached to arms f³ of the rock-shaft f, the said rock-shaft having an
arm provided with a roll and acted upon by cam f³, the latter cam and rock-
shaft raising and lowering the slide bars e³ of the swing frame in the
guide arms e.
d is the lay, r the reed, a link, and 409 an arm fast on the rock-shaft 20,
having an arm provided with a suitable roll to be acted upon by a suitable cam
or shaft B', as in my said Specification No. 2410.
123 shows the work-support or breast beam, ka stand, an adjustable arm,
k, levers pivoted thereon at ko, k13 and k¹8 levers, the former connected to
a sleeve on a rock shaft k¹, and the latter connected to the said rock-shaft,
the connecting rods k¹ and 7 being jointed respectively to the said levers k¹³
and 18, and also connected respectively to the shear levers k³ and k², Fig: 7
showing the two arms 8 at opposite sides the loom and the blade 10 carried.
thereby.
In practice the devices so far referred to by letter and common to my said
Specification No. 2410 may be actuated in the same manner as therein provided for.
The bars 18, one at each side of the swing frame, instead of being connected at
their upper ends, as in my said Specification No. 2410 referred to are pivoted by a
shaft a to like arms a¹ pivoted on a rod or shaft a² mounted on a suitable stand in
the loom frame.
Each arm 18 has connected to it by suitable bolt a³, see Fig. 3, a depending leg
or guide a, in the lower end of which is mounted a cross-shaft a'.
The swing frame, at each side has an attached stand at which forms a bearing
for a shaft or rod a".
Each rod or shaft a, a, a', and a¹ has upon it near each end respectively
a sprocket or chain wheel, as. b, b', b, b, over which are extended the sprocket
chains to be described, the said chains, as herein shown, consisting of a series of
like links, each having at one end a pin 6 extended from opposite sides, as best
shown in Figs. 4, 5, and 6, the opposite end of each link having a notch, as bº, the
notched end of each link being also slitted or split at 2, as best shown in Fig. 6, to
receive a part of the link to be joined with it.
Each link has also a mortise, as 4, to receive a tenon 5 at the end of a carriage c
carrying a board c¹ provided with a series of yarn guides c2, which in this invention
take the place of the independently movable tuft-yarn-carrying needles shown in
my said Specification No. 2410 referred to.
These guides c³ which receive the tuft-yarns t are shown as composed of pieces

page_text: of sheet metal bent centrally to form troughs, and viewing Figs. 4 and 9 it will be
seen that the sides of the guides are contracted from the point 100 to produce
sufficient friction on the tuft-yarns to keep them straight when being manipulated
to leave loops in the shed, the extreme lower ends of the guides being further
pinched, contracted, or indented, as at 101, to leave inturned lips or projections to
keep the tuft-yarns back in the guides and prevent the said yarns from being drawn
out laterally from the open sides of the troughs.
Instead of these particular guides however I may employ any other usual or
suitable guides with the other parts of my invention, but I prefer the slotted guides
as they possess advantages over any other known to me.
Each carriage c² of the series of carriages in the chain has a beam, herein
shown as composed of a series of disk bobbins c mounted upon a rod c³ having
bearings in said carriages, each bobbin having wound upon it a tuft yarn t of a
proper color, that depending on the colors required in the particular row of tufts to
be formed from the bobbins on that particular beam, but instead the tuft
yarns may be wound upon beams such as used in any usual looms for weaving
tufted fabrics.
The sprocket wheel 2 on the shaft a' has a series of pins e, supposed to be
four in number, three of the said pins being shown distinctly in Fig. 1.
The pins referred to are herein represented as being engaged intermittingly by a
hook e' which may be pivoted at e, see Figs. 1, and 7 upon the shear carrying-lever
or arm k³, a spring & normally acting to keep the hook engaged with the pins, and
as a result thereof, as the shears are opened and the bar 48 is moved toward the rear
of the loom, the hook rotates the sprocket wheel and consequently moves the chain
intermittingly, but any other suitable means however may be used to actuate the
.said shears.
In this way one warp beam after another is brought into operative position with
its yarn-guides extended vertically toward the warp, the ends of the tuft-yarns
depending therefrom so that when the swing frame described is lowered by its
actuating devices shown in Fig. 2, and as provided for in the said patent, the yarn
guides will be lowered to the shed to deliver their tuft-yarns to the warps, to be
crossed by a shot of filling inserted double and locked into the warp by the filling,
all as provided for in my said Specification No. 2410.
After the tuft-yarn has been looped about the filling and beat in, the shears are
operated to cut off the tuft yarns, leaving the tufts in the fabric, all as provided for
in the said Specifications No. 2410 of 1891 and No. 7313 of 1886.
While the shears are being operated after having cut off the tufts, the chain is
again rotated, bringing a new beam in position to be lowered to deliver its tuft-yarns
to the shed as just described, each beam making a row of tufts corresponding in
color with the color of the yarns used in making up the beam.
To change the pattern or figure of the carpet one has only to change beams, or to
change the disk bobbins if they are employed.
The sprocket wheel is slotted at its periphery to leave a square section, see
Fig. 8, which is acted on by the T-shaped head of a slide-bar t2 sliding in guides t³
and having a collar to acted upon by a spring t, the said slide-bar serving to hold
the sprocket wheel 2 in the position in which it is left by the pawl e¹.
This invention is not limited to the particular form of chain links shown, as any
other well known form of link may be employed, and instead of moving the hook
which rotates the sprocket wheel by the movement of the shear lever the
employment of any other well-known devices for moving the hook would be
within the scope of this invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. A loom containing chains supporting a series of carriages having suitable
tuft yarn beams and a series of suitable cooperating yarn-guides of suitable

page_text: construction for the tuft yarns the said chains being mounted upon suitable
sprocket or other wheels contained in a lift frame, whereby, when the said frame
descends, the yarn guides cooperating with the lowermost tuft-yarn beam then in
operative position will present the tuft yarns carried by them to the warps near the
cloth making point, substantially as described.
2. A loom containing a lift frame provided with intermittingly rotatable
sprocket-wheels; suitable means to move the said frame vertically and to swing the
same; chains engaged by said sprocket wheels; carriages carried by said chains,
each carriage having a tuft-yarn beam and a series of suitable tuft yarn guides, to
operate substantially as described.
3. In a loom for weaving tufted fabrics, a carriage provided with bearings at
each end thereof and having a series of trough-like guides of U-shape in cross
section, the said guides receiving the tuft-yarns, the open front edges of the guides
being contracted in width for a portion of their length to produce friction upon the
tuft-yarns, substantially as described.
4. In a loom for weaving tuft fabrics, a carriage provided with bearings at each
end thereof and having a series of trough-like guides of U-shape in cross section to
receive the tuft yarns, the open front edges of the guides being contracted for a
portion of their length to produce friction upon the tuft-yarns, and being yet
further contracted at their lower ends to retain the tuft-yarns well in the trough-
shaped guides, substantially as described.
5. In a loom for weaving tufted fabrics, it containing a rising and falling frame
provided with a series of sprocket wheels, and chains or equivalents actuated
thereby and carrying a series of carriages provided with tuft-yarn beams, the
carriages having a series of suitable yarn-guides, to operate, substantially as
described.
Dated the 15th day of June 1891.
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.