IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING ROCK AND DRESSING, SHAPING, PLANING, AND TURNING STONE
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Dickinson Brunton and Frank Henry Julius Trier
(commonly known as Frank Trier), both of Battersea, in the County of Surrey,
Engineers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR CUTTING ROCK AND DRESSING, SHAPING, PLANING, AND TURNING
STONE"
Sealed the 2nd August 1878, and dated the 9th February 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Dickinson Brunton and
Frank Henry Julius Trier at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on
the 9th February 1878.
JOHN DICKINSON BRUNTON and FRANK HENRY JULIUS TRIER (commonly
known as Frank Trier), both of Battersea, in the County of Surrey, Engineers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING ROCK AND DRESSING,
SHAPING, PLANING, AND TURNING STONE."
16
Our Invention relates to improvements in the construction of circular revolving
cutters, and to the mode of applying the same to the cutting of rock and dressing,
shaping, planing, and turning of stone, and consists,―
1st. In constructing the said cutters in the form of a conical ring of the minimum
thickness consistent with strength, and the maximum depth practicable, so as to
admit of the cutter being ground with facility upon its end face or base in lieu of
upon its conical periphery, as is the case with the thin bevelled discs hitherto
employed.
Secondly. Of a mode of giving a certain freedom of self-adjustment to circular
cutters when they are driven in the manner described in the Specification of Letters
Patent granted to the said John Dickinson Brunton, dated the 25 February 1875,
No. 702.
In carrying out this part of our Invention we employ a clutch connection
between the roller or toothed wheel surrounding the cutter spindle and the spindle
itself, the roller or wheel being fitted loose upon the spindle, but provided with

page_text: projections which correspond to and engage with other projections on a ring or
collar formed on or keyed or otherwise secured on the spindle in such a manner as
to carry the spindle round with it, but at the same time to admit of the spindle
revolving with an accelerated relative motion through a greater or less arc if the
contact of the circular cutter mounted upon the spindle with the surface of the
stone or rock operated on shall impel it in the fulfilment of a more exact rolling
action.
Thirdly. Of a mode of arranging in combination several circular cutters in a
chuck or tool holder in such a manner as that they shall in their combined action
operate upon the stone in different planes or at different depths.
$6
By this arrangement, firstly, beneficial application is made of the principle that
the overlying thickness of stone tends to oblige the fracture produced by the
chipping action of all the cutter but those in the highest rank to take an upward
or outward direction relatively to the face of the stone, and thus to prevent what
is technically known as plucking;" and, secondly, the advantage is gained that
except in the case of the lowest rank, which may be called the finishing cutter or
cutters, the body of the stone under the edge of each rank of cutters is in great
part or altogether removed by the action of the rank next below it, and by this
means the face pressure and attrition which are greatest at this point are obviated
or considerably diminished.
Fourthly. Of an arrangement by which we bring the grinding action of stone,
einery, or other suitable grinding substance to bear upon the circular cutters while
they are in operation, so as to maintain the cutting edges constantly in a state best
fitted for dressing stone.
In the case of cutters so mounted on a chuck as to cut exteriorly we place the
grinder against the face of the chuck so as to act simultaneously on all the cutters
carried by it; the grinder may either be fixed to the chuck and go round with it
or be mounted on an axis and have a separate motion.
In the case of a chuck having its cutters so mounted as to cut interiorly we
place the grinder in a position such that each cutter during a portion of its
revolution as it is carried round by the rotation of the chuck shall come into
contact with its surface. We make the grinder either stationary, reciprocating, or
rotating.
In both the above cases the grinder is capable of such self-adjustment to the
surfaces it has to grind as its wear and the wear of the cutters will render
necessary.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Dickinson Brunton and Frank Henry Julius Trier in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 6th August 1878.
JOHN DICKINSON BRUNTON and FRANK HENRY JULIUS TRIER (commonly known
as Frank Trier), both of Battersea, in the County of Surrey, Engineers. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING ROCK AND DRESSING;
SHAPING, PLANING, AND TURNING STONE."
Our said Invention relates to improvements in the construction of circular
revolving cutters and the method of applying the same to the cutting of rock and
the dressing, shaping, planing, and turning of stone, and the method of grinding or
sharpening the said cutters, and consists,--
First. Of a mode of rendering circular cutters self-adjustable within certain
limits) when they are driven in the manner described in the Specification to Letters
Patent granted to the said John Dickinson Brunton, dated, the Twenty-fifth
February, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, No. 702, and the Twenty-
ninth March, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven, No. 1254.
Second. In constructing the said cutters in the form of a conical ring of the
minimum thickness consistent with strength, and the maximum depth practicable,
so as to admit of the cutter being ground with facility upon its end face or base in
lieu of upon its conical periphery, as is the case with the thin bevelled discs
hitherto employed.
Third. Of a mode of arranging in combination several circular cutters in a chuck
or tool holder in such a manner as that they shall in their combined. action operate
upon the stone in different planes or at different depths.
Fourth. Of an arrangement whereby we bring the grinding action of stone,
emery, or other suitable grinding substance to bear upon the circular cutters while
they are in operation, so as to maintain the cutting edges constantly in a state best
fitted for dressing stone.
And in order that our said Invention may be fully understood we shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall refer to
the several Figures on the annexed Sheets of Drawings, the same letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts in all the corresponding Figures.
Figure 1, Sheet 1, represents a section of a chuck with the improvements which
form the subject of the first and second parts of our said Invention applied thereto,
and Figure 1 is a horizontal section taken along the line 1, 2, in Figure 1.
Figures 2, 3, and 4 illustrate a mode of carrying out the third part of our said
Invention, Figures 2 and 3 representing respectively sections of two modifications
of cutters, and Figure 4 being a diagram shewing their operation; Figure 3 also
further illustrates the second part of our Invention.
Figure 5 on Sheet two is a vertical section of a portion of a chuck having applied
thereto the improvements which form the subject matter of the fourth part of our
said Invention according to one mode of carrying out the same, and Figures 6 and 7
are sectional elevations illustrating respectively two other modifications.
L
The first part of our said Invention, which relates to means for providing for the
self-adjustment, within certain limits, of circular cutters when driven in the
manner herein-before referred to, is illustrated by Figures 1 and 1s, although it is
also applicable to the other modifications of chuck described in the Specification to
the said former Letters Patent.
A is the body of the chuck secured to a hollow shaft B, on which is mounted a
driving pulley C for imparting motion to the chuck, whilst through the hollow
shaft B passes a shaft D carrying a driving pulley. E for imparting motion to the
latter, and through the enclosed gearing F, F, transmitting motion to the arbors of
the series of cutters H (one only of which is shewn in the Drawing), and thus
imparting a positive rotation to the said cutters, the speed of which relatively to

page_text: that of the chuck may be controlled and adjusted as required. The apparatus as
thus constructed forms in part the subject matter of the said former Letters Patent,
dated the Twenty-ninth March One thousand eight hundred and seventy,
No. 1254.
According to our present Invention we employ a clutch connection between the
toothed wheel F¹ or roller surrounding the cutter arbor G and the arbor itself, the
wheel For roller being fitted loose upon the arbor, but provided with pro-
jections a, a, (see Figure 1a) which correspond to and engage with other pro-
jections a¹, a¹, on a ring or collar I formed on or keyed or otherwise secured on the
arbor in such a manner as to carry the arbor round with it, but at the same time
to admit of the arbor revolving with an accelerated rotative motion through a
greater or less arc if the contact of the circular cutter mounted upon the arbor with
the surface of the stone or rock operated on shall impel it in the fulfilment of a
nore exact rolling action.
The second part of our said Invention, which is illustrated by Figures 1 and 3,
consists in constructing the cutters in the form of a conical ring of the minimum
thickness in the direction b, b, consistent with strength, and of the maximum
depth in the direction c, c, practicable so as to admit of the cutter being ground
with facility upon its end face or base d in lieu of upon its conical periphery e, as is
the case with the thin bevelled discs hitherto employed, such, for example, as are
shewn in Figure 5.
The third part of our said Invention, which is illustrated by Figures 2, 3, and 4
of our Drawings, relates to a mode of arranging in combination several circular
cutters in a chuck or tool holder in such a manner as that they shall in their com-
bined action operate on the stone upon different planes or at different depths.
In carrying out this part of our said Invention we employ, say, for example,
three cutters No. 1, No. 2, and No. 3, which may either consist of thin discs, as
shewn in Figure 2, or be constructed in the form of conical rings, as herein-before
described under the second head of our said Invention, and illustrated by Figure 3.
The cutters No. 1, No. 2, and No. 3 are each mounted on a separate arbor in one
and the samé chuck, in the manner herein-before described with reference to the
arrangement shewn in Figure 1, but they are placed in such relative positions on
their respective arbors that the cutter No. 1 which first comes into action operates
upon the upper surface of the stone that the cutter No. 2 which follows it acts upon
the surface below, whilst finally the cutter No. 3, which is the finishing cutter, com- 3
pletes the operation.
The action of the cutters are made of a shape adapted to the function
which they are severally required to perform, will be clearly understood by
reference to the diagram Figure 4, in which the dotted lines f, g, h, represent
respectively the depth of cut of the several cutters, Nos. 1, 2, and 3 on the
stone K.
'
By this arrangement, firstly, beneficial application is made of the principle that
the overlying thickness of stone tends to cause the fracture produced by the
chipping action of all the cutters, except those in the highest rank, to take an
upward or outward direction relatively to the face of the stone, and thus to prevent
what is technically known as "plucking;" and, secondly, the advantage is gained
that except in the case of the lowest rank, which may be called the finishing
cutters, the body of the stone under the edge of each rank of cutters is in great
part or altogether removed by the action of the rank next below it, and by this
means the face pressure and attrition which are greatest at this point are obviated
or considerably diminished.
Our said Invention relates, fourthly, to an arrangement by which we bring the
grinding action of stone, emery, or other suitable grinding substance to bear upon
the circular cutters while they are in operation, so as to maintain the cutting edges
constantly in a state best fitted for dressing stone. This part of our said Inven- t
tion is illustrated in Figures 5, 6, and 7 of our Drawings.
In the case of cutters so mounted on a chuck as to cut exteriorly we place a

page_text: grinder L against the face of the chuck A, as shewn in Figure 5, so as to act
simultaneously on all the cutters carried by it; the grinder may either be fixed to
the chuck, as shewn, and rotate with it, or be mounted on an axis and have a
separate motion.
In the case of a chuck having its cutters so mounted as to cut interiorly we place
the grinder in a position such that each cutter during a portion of its revolution as
it is carried round by the rotation of the chuck shall come into contact with its
surface.
Two modifications of this arrangement, videlicit, Figures 6 and 7, are shewn in
our Drawings.
In the modification shewn in Figure 6 the grinder L is mounted upon a spindle i
working in bearings in an arm or bracket M¹, which may be fixed to the standard
or frame of the machine or secured in any other convenient place and manner.
The grinder L may be stationary, but we prefer to impart to it a rotatory motion,
for which purpose a pulley N is provided.
According to the modification illustrated by Figure 7 the grinder L consists of a
segment of a ring (which may be of any required length) carried on a slide or
holder k.
In all the examples illustrated the grinder is capable of such self-adjustment to.
the surfaces to be ground as its wear and the wear of the cutters will render
necessary, the mode of effecting which adjustment will be readily understood from-
the Drawings without further explanation.
The grinder in lieu of being stationary or rotating in one direction may have
imparted to it a reciprocating motion, either rotatory or otherwise if desired.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, we would observe in conclusion that what we consider to be novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to us by the herein-before in
part recited Letters Patent is,―
First. In imparting to circular cutters a positive rotation, as herein set forth,
providing for the self-adjustment of the cutters in their rotatory motion, sub-
stantially as herein-before described.
Second. The mode of constructing circular cutters so as to admit of the cutter
being ground with facility upon its end face or base in lieu of upon its conical
periphery, substantially as herein-before described.
Third. The combination in a chuck or tool holder of two or more cutters, con-
structed and arranged in such a manner as that they shall in their combined action
operate upon the stone in different planes or at different depths, substantially as
and for the purpose herein-before described.
Fourth. The combination in a machine or apparatus for cutting rock or dressing,
shaping, planing, or turning stone, of means for sharpening the cutters during the
operation of the said machine or apparatus for the purpose of maintaining them in
a condition most adapted for acting upon the stone, substantially as herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Dickinson Brunton and Frank Henry
Julius Trier (commonly known as Frank Trier), have to this our Speci-
cation set our hands and seals, this Third day of July, One thousand eight
JOHN DICKINSON BRUNTON.
(L.S.)
FRANK HENRY JULIUS TRIER. (L.S.)