CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, AND SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBIOUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Whitehead' at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd October
1856.
I, JAMES WHITEHEAD, of Dukinfield, in, the County, of Chester, Grocer,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, AND SPINNING COTTON AND
OTHER FIBIOUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My improvements relate to. a. novel. arrangement and construction. of
machinery or apparatus designed for the purpose of combining the principle
of the "jack frame." for driving the several; parts, the superiority of the twist
of the throstle,, and. the speed of the twist, and delivery of the. "mule," by
which combination and arrangement.I am enabled, to perform all the.requisite
.operations, occurring in. the manufacture, and treatment of, cotton, &c.,, be
ginning directly. from the sliver, proceeding from the carding engine, and
advancing to the production of complete, and, finished yarn,, the, principle: of
construction being the same,, whether in the "preparation" machines, or in
the spinning machines."
These improvements consist, first, in the peculiar disposition or arrangement
of the spindles upon which the cop or bobbin is formed, and also the revolving
tube carrying the- guide for the delivery of the sliver or thread of cotton to
the cop &c. The spindle is placed in a horizontal position in a carriage or
bearing, sliding, upon a rail or rails, or other equivalent, so as to constitute the
required traverse motion, in lieu of the perpendicular "copping" motion in the
"jack frames and throstles. A wharve or pulley is placed upon the spindle,

page_text: by which it is to be driven. The tube, terminating in a "guide-eye," through
which the sliver passes, is also placed in a horizontal position, and has in one
part of its length a slight curve, incline, or bend outwards, in order to allow
of its clear passage round the cop, &c. This tube and spindle are placed in a
line or level with the front or delivering rollers, so as to obtain a direct draw
and twist of the fibres. The tube has bearings, and is enclosed within an
outer tube, which gradually increases in diameter until it forms a circle and
support around the tube giving out the sliver. The spindle and tube, which
are placed opposite each other, are both driven in the same direction by bands
and pulleys, as in the "jack frame," and the horizontal "copping motion" is
imparted to the spindle, so as to cause the spindle to advance and retire within
the tube and cylinder, to build the cop, or form the bobbin of yarn. The
twisting of the yarn is effected during its passage from the drawing rollers
through the horizontal revolving tube, up the incline to the outside of the
horizontal cylinder, through the guide, and thence to the cop or bobbin. The
winding-on is effected by means of the difference of speed between. the spindle
and revolving tube or guide. The cylinder supporting the tube by which the
yarn is twisted is driven at the required speed, and the spindle by running at
a somewhat less speed effects the winding-on of the yarn as it revolves
within the cylinder.
In this method of spinning, the yarn may either be wound upon the bare
spindle, as in the mule, in the form of a "cop," or, when intended for imme-
diate weaving, it may be wound upon warpers' bobbins, (or on common throstle
bobbins,) thereby saving the operation of winding. The yarn manufactured by
this process will be of the quality and evenness usually produced by the
"throstle," whilst the speed of delivery is considerably quicker than that of
the "mule," as the process is continuous and uninterrupted as in the
throstle," and the front rollers turn and deliver much quicker than those of
the quickest "mule "in corresponding "counts" of yarn; another advantage
being that the yarn has less strain upon it in this than in any other machine,
by reason of its coming direct from the front rollers to the revolving tube, and
having less angles or turns to pass on its way to the guide-eye on the revolving
tube.
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