IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING DRAUGHTS IN RAILWAY OR OTHER CARRIAGES, SHIPS' CABINS, OR OTHER MOVING STRUCTURES THROUGH WINDOWS OR OTHER APERTURES OPEN FOR THE ADMISSION OF AIR."
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Howard Busby Fox, of Oxton, in the County of Chester,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS
FOR PREVENTING DRAUGHTS IN RAILWAY OR OTHER CARRIAGES, SHIPS'
CABINS, OR OTHER MOVING STRUCTURES THROUGH WINDOWS OR OTHER
APERTURES OPEN FOR THE ADMISSION OF AIR."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Howard Busby Fox at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd December 1877.
HOWARD BUSBY Fox, of Oxton, in the County of Chester.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING DRAUGHTS IN RAILWAY
OR OTHER CARRIAGES, SHIPS' CABINS, OR OTHER MOVING STRUCTURES THROUGH
WINDOWS OR OTHER APERTURES OPEN FOR THE ADMISSION OF AIR"
This Invention relates to certain novel arrangements of screens or wind guards to
be applied to windows and ventilators or other apertures of railway and other car-
riages, ships' cabins, and other structures when in motion, so as to prevent or
exclude the entry of wind, draught, or dust therethrough, and consists of an adjust-
able screen or frame constructed of wood, metal, or other suitable material, glazed or
otherwise, and arranged to extend or to be extended at the side of or partially over
the window, ventilator, or other aperture, and fitted at an angle on the outside
thereof.
The screen or wind guard, forming an angle piece, is so used or applied that it
will divert or exclude wind, draught, and dust, and prevent the same from entering
through the open window or other aperture when the carriage, ship, or other
structure is in motion. The screen or wind guard may be either fixed so that it
will adjust itself according to the direction in which the structure is moving, or it
may be arranged that it will swing or slide over so as to be adjusted at either side
of the window or other aperture, so that it will act according to the direction in
which the structure is moving.

page_text: In carrying out my Invention I by preference construct a wind guard on the
louvre principle, so that it can be applied on each side of the carriage door to fold
up into a small space, and can be drawn out or unfolded into position when required;
or a convenient method of attachment consists in hingeing the wind guard on a
duplex lever so arranged that the wind guard is free to swing over and be applied
to either side of the window.
The wind guard may also be applied to ventilators, such as those fitted on the doors,
or sides, or tops of railway or other carriages, or ships, or other structures, so as to
be self-acting, by fixing two or more screens, one at each side of the ventilator or
aperture, connected by a bar or otherwise, and provided with stops, so that they will
come into and remain in the required oblique position by the action of the air,
according to the direction in which the carriage or structure is moving.
In applying my Invention to ventilators for railway carriages I form an oblong
aperture on each side of the carriage (by prefereuce above the doors), in which are
fitted two sliding doors, or a sliding door worked from the inside. Outside the
carriage and in front of this aperture I hinge louvre boards, which are connected
together by a rod and capable of swinging to either side as required. The louvre
boards are made to cover each other and are protected, and swing in an open
box or case of size corresponding with the aperture and the swing of the louvre
boards.
This Invention is capable of various modifications in so far as relates to the attach-
ment and mechanical arrangement for fixing and actuating the screen or wind
guard.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Howard Busby Fox in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
21st June 1878.
HOWARD BUSBY Fox, of Oxton, in the County of Chester.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING DRAUGHTS IN RAILWAY
OR OTHER CARRIAGES, SHIPS' CABINS, OR OTHER MOVING STRUCTURES THROUGH
WINDOWS OR OTHER APERTURES OPEN FOR THE ADMISSION OF AIR."
This Invention relates to certain novel arrangements of screens or wind guards to
be applied to windows and ventilators or other apertures of railway and other car-
riages, ships' cabins, and other structures when in motion, so as to prevent or
exclude the entry of wind, draught, or dust therethrough, and consists of an adjust-
able screen or frame constructed of wood, metal, or other suitable material, glazed or
otherwise, and arranged to extend or to be extended at the side of or partially over
the window, ventilator, or other aperture, and fitted at an angle on the outside
thereof.
The screen or wind guard, forming an angle piece, is so used or applied that it
will divert or exclude wind, draught, and dust, and prevent the same from entering
through the open window or other aperture when the carriage, ship, or other
structure is in motion. The screen or wind guard may be either fixed so that it
will adjust itself according to the direction in which the structure is moving; or it
may be arranged that it will swing.or slide over so as to be adjusted at either side
of the window or other aperture so that it will act according to the direction in
which the structure is moving.
In carrying out my Invention I by preference construct a wind guard on the
louvre principle, so that it can be applied on each side of the carriage door to fold
up into a small space, and can be drawn out or unfolded into position when required;
or a convenient method of attachment consists in hinging the wind guard on a
duplex lever, so arranged that the wind guard is free to swing over and be applied
to either side of the window.
The wind guard may also be applied to ventilators, such as those fitted on the
doors, or sides, or tops of railway.or other carriages, or ships, or other structures, so
as to be self-acting, by fixing two or more screens, one at each side of the ventilator
or aperture, and provided with stops, so that they will come into and remain, in the
required oblique position by the action of the air, according to the direction in which
the carriage or structure is moving.
In applying my Invention to ventilators for railway carriages I form an oblong
aperture on each side of the carriage (by preference above the doors), in which are
fitted two sliding doors, or a sliding door worked from the inside. Outside the
carriage and in front of this aperture I hinge louvre boards, which are con-
nected together by a rod, and capable of swinging to either side as required. The
louvre boards are made to cover each other and are protected, and swing in an open
box or case of size corresponding with the aperture and the swing of the louvre
boards.
This Invention is capable of various modifications in so far as relates to the
attachment and mechanical arrangement for fixing and actuating the screen or wind
guard.
That my Invention may be clearly understood I have hereunto annexed a Sheet
of Drawings illustrative thereof, marked with letters and figures of reference
corresponding with those in the following explanation. In all the Figures the
same letters of reference where they occur indicate the same or corresponding
parts.
Figure 1 is an elevation showing the outside of the door and window of a railway
carriage with my Invention applied thereto.

page_text: Figure 2 is a sectional view of Figure 1 through the line Z, Z; Figure 3 is a
sectional plan of Figure 1 through the line X, X.
Figure 4 is an enlarged view of screen or wind guard.
..Figure 5 is a plan of Figure 4.
Figure 6 is an elevation showing the inside of the door and window of a railway
carriage with my Invention applied thereto.
Upon reference to the Drawings it will be seen that A is the representation of the
door and window of a railway carriage; B is the window; C is a screen or wind
guard according to my Invention, shown unfolded and in position at C, and folded
up and stowed at C₁ (see Figures 1 and 3).
The screen or wind guard is constructed by preference on the louvre principle, as
shown in the Drawings, but it will be evident that the same result can be attained
by using screens or frames of wood, metal, or other suitable material, glazed or other-
wise, and arranged to extend partially over or to be extended partially over the
windows, ventilators, or other apertures in manner similar to the louvre screen C,
shown on the Drawings.
In applying my Invention to ventilators for railway carriages I form an aperture D
in the door of the carriage, in which I fit two sliding doors E, E, worked from the
inside. Outside the carriage, and in front of this aperture, I hinge louvre boards F
which are connected together by a rod H, and capable of swinging to either side as
required.
Having now described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention, and
shown a system, mode, or manner in or under which the same is or may be used or
practically carried into effect, what I claim as my Invention and secured to ine by
Letters Patent as aforesaid is, the method of and apparatus for preventing draughts
in railway or other carriages, ships' cabins, or other moving structures through
windows or other apertures open for the admission of air or for ventilating purposes,
substantially as herein described, or set forth and shown in the Drawings hereto
annexed, or any modification thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said Howard Busby Fox, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twentieth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
Witness,
GEO. FORBES,
Clerk to Geo. Downing,
8, Quality Court,
London.
HOWARD BUSBY. (L.B.) FOX. .