IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FORGING NUTS
Year: 1884

page_text: I WILLIAM LEYLAND of 51 Mayor Street, Bolton, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR FORGING NUTS," to be as follows:-
My invention relates to the employment of various self-acting mechanical move-
ments and arrangements of mechanism for manufacturing untapped hexagon, round,
or other nuts, from heated bars of iron.
My improvements consist in constructing a machine wherein hexagon and other
nuts are made or manufactured by means of a novel arrangement of dies and
cutters. The machine consists of a suitable frame with bearings for a horizontal
shaft placed at the back end or side. On this shaft I place suitable cams operating
by inclined or wedge shaped slides, four horizontal slides with the aforesaid dies
and cutters when forging nuts, after which, on the return stroke they are pressed
back by springs or other mechanical means.
The two front slides carry V or other shaped cutting tools or indenters according
to the class of nut being made; being formed with top and bottom flanges or
shoulders when working horizontally, or on each side if vertically, which extends
each way at right or other angles from the cutting edges. When the heated bar of
iron is placed in the machine and cut edge-ways to form a blank nut, the flanges
or shoulders press on the flat sides, thus preventing the iron bulging or spreading
and forming fins, which under the present system are flattened down afterwards.
The two back slides are placed in line immediately behind the front slides, each
carrying a die or swage forming one half of a hexagon or other nut; the distance
from these dies or swages being regulated by the size of the nut being made.
When the heated bar of iron is placed between the cutters on the ends of the
front slides, a portion is nearly cut off, when it is released and immediately pushed
or passed between the dies or swages on the back slides and against a stop piece,
when the dies or swages which are of V or other shape at the front edge closes
upon or against the partially formed nut and cuts it off completely, holding it while
the two front cutters partially cut and form another blank, after which, a hexagon
or other formed plunger descends and forces the blank nut into a cup, which has a
hole in its centre, through which a punch is worked, and partially punches the
nut; being operated by a lever working on a stud and actuated by a cam on the
cam shaft at the back of the machine.

page_text: In some cases I dispense with the hexagon or other formed plunger for forcing
the blank into a cup whilst being punched, and so construct the dies or swages
with flanges or shoulders so as to hold the nut while being punched, the punch
being used in the machine instead of the plunger; the flanges being provided with
semi-circular openings of the required size of the punch, so as to form a round
hole when the dies are closed. The flanges or shoulders on the dies or swages
may be so constructed as to be used for chamferring or bevelling the edges of the
nuts at one and the same operation.
The punch and cup are both carried in a revolving boss, which, when the V or
other shaped cutters are withdrawn and the plunger is lifted out of the way, the
nut is left on the end of the punch, when the revolving boss is by means of a catch
operated or worked by a lever, the latter being worked by a cam on the shaft,
which causes the punch and cup to oscillate or revolve a portion or about 90 degrees
of a circle, that is, from a vertical to a horizontal position or nearly so, with the
revolving boss; bringing the partially punched nut with it on the end of the
punch, when it is placed immediately opposite another punch working in a
horizontal slide through a flat faced tool. The horizontal punch is caused to
advance by means of a cam and thus completes the punching; at the same time
forcing back the other punch which only partially formed the hole.
The nut is left on the horizontal punch, when two horizontal hammers of the
requisite size, operate one on each side of the nut, after which the nut is turned
round between each blow, or any desired number of blows of the hammers. The
flat faced tool forces the nut off the horizontal punch after it is completed, by a
'cam specially provided on the cam shaft, and flattens it against one of the flat sides
of the revolving boss carrying the first punch and cup, which is first turned to its
original or vertical position by a suitable spring or other means, when it is ready
for the next operation, and so on continuously..
Deted this cleventh day of Fah
1001

page_text: I WILLIAM LEYLAND of 51 Mayor Street, Bolton in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for." IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR FORGING NUTS," and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
My invention relates to the employment of various self-acting mechanical
movements and arrangements of mechanism for manufacturing hexagon; round, or
other nuts from heated bars of iron, in a more perfect and economical, manner than
has hitherto been attained, and consists in constructing a machine wherein hexagon
and other nuts are made or manufactured by means of a novel arrangement of dies
and cutters.
For this purpose, I arrange the mechanical movements and arrangements of
mechanism in the manner I, will describe referring to the accompanying drawings;
Fig. 1 being a sectional elevation through,line A. B; Fig. 2 front view, and
Fig. 3 a plan.
The machine consists of the frame 1 provided with the bearings 2, in which is
mounted the horizontal cum shaft 3: on this shaft are placed the cams 4, 5, and 6
for operating the horizontal slides 7 and 8: the ends of the slides 7 and 8 are
provided with, the inclined planes or wedge shaped ends at a and b, which
operate first on the slides 10,, giving a certain proportion of advance over the
slides 11, which are operated in turn by the same inclined planes; the slides
being operated exclusively by the slides 8 worked from the cams 4 and 5.
To the two front slides 11 are fixed the V or other shaped cutting tools, or
indenters 12 of suitable form according to the class of nut being forged. These
indenters are formed top and bottom with the flanges or shoulders 60, shewn more
clearly in Figs. 7, 8, and 9. When the heated bar of iron 14 is placed in the
machine between the cutters. or indenters. 12, it is cut edge ways, as in Fig. 9, to
form a blank nut, the flanges or shoulders 60 pressing on the flat or top and bottom
sides, thus preventing the iron from bulging or spreading and forming fins, which
under the present system are flattened down afterwards. The slides 10 are placed
in line with and immediately behind the front slides 11, each carrying the die or
swage 13. These dies or swages are constructed in a peculiar manner, the upper
half of each die forming only two sides of a bexagon nut, or four sides in two dies
or swages, the remaining, two sides being formed by the fixed die or swage 15
secured to the frame work of the machine. This part die or swage is shewn more
clearly in Figs. 6, 7, and 9, being of suitable width according to the size of nut
being forged so as to allow the long flat sides 62 of the dies 13 to abut against it
and thus complete the outside, form of the nut. The outer edges of the dies or
swages 13 next to the cutters or indenters 12 are provided with the cutting edges 61,
the sides being constructed to form one side of the blank, being nearly cut off by
the cutters 12. The underside or bottom half of the dies or swages 13 are made
in the case of hexagon nuts with three sides as shewn in, Fig. 7.
'
When the machine is in operation the heated bar 14 is placed between the
cutters 12, when the cams 6 push the slide 7, which operate or push the slides 11
with the cutters 12, by, which a portion is nearly cut off as in Fig. 9: the partly
formed blank is, when released, by the, cutters,, pushed forward against the fixed
die or swage 15, then the dies. 13 advance on each side by the action of the slides 7
on the inclined planes at a and b. It will be seen on looking,at Fig. 3 that the
ends of the slides are so constructed that the slides; 10. are operated in advance of

page_text: the slides 11, by which the dies 13 cut off and hold the blank while the cutters
or indenters 12 advance and partly cut off and form another blank. While the
dies or swages 13 hold the completely formed blank nut, the hexagon or other
formed plunger 16 descends by the action of the lever 17: this lever operated
by the cam 18 on the cam shaft 3. The plunger 16 descends and forces the blank
nut into the lower part of the dies 13, onto the cup 19, after which the cam 20
operates the lever 21, to which is connected the rod 22; this rod is coupled to the
curved lever 23 which presses the punch 24 about half way through the blank nut,
by which it is held; the lever 17 is then liberated from the cam 18 when the
spring 25 presses down the outer end and raises the lever and plunger. Immediately
this takes place the cam 26 operates the lever 27 and swivels the oscillating boss 28
ninety degrees or thereabouts by the rod 29, as in Fig. 4. The half punched blank
nut is still held on the end of the punch 24 when the cam 30 pushes the slides 31
and 32 together with the punch 33, which punches or finishes the hole from the
opposite side, and flattens the top and bottom sides against the cup 19 and the
flatner 39; at the same time the punch 33 pushes back the punch 24. The punched
blank not is then moved forward on the punch 33 along with the slides 31 and 32,
by the action of the cam 34 operating the lever 35, rod 36, and lever 37. The
punched blank nut N is placed immediately opposite the hammers 9: these
hammers are provided with the dies or swages 38, as in Figs. 3 and 5. The
hammers 9 are operated by the slides 8 from the cams 4 on the revolving cam
shaft 3 and hammer the nut N on each side, then the nut is turned one sixth of a
revolution, or otherwise, according to the kind of nut being forged, by the catch 39*
operating the toothed disc 40 fixed on the square on the spindle or punch 33; then
the slides 31 and 32 both advance together and press or flatten the front and back.
sides of the nut between the side 63 of the oscillating boss 28 and the flatner 39,
by the action of the cam 30; the oscillating boss having resumed the position
shewn in Fig. 1, to prepare and receive another blank while hammering and
flattening are being performed; then the hammers again operate on the nut N,
after which, it is again turned with the punch or spindle 33, when the slide 32
advances alone by the cam 41, by which the finished forged nut N is pushed off
the punch 33 onto the floor or other receptacle prepared to receive them. The
catch 39 is operated by the pivotted lever 42 being pushed by the pin 43 secured
to the slide 9, each time the hammers 38 operate on the nut, when the catch takes
one or more teeth in the toothed disc 40; the swivelling or turning taking place
by the action of the spring 44 immediately it is released by the backward motion
of the slide 9.
When the slides 31 and 32 go together in the two operations of punching and
flattening, the lever 45 is in the position shewn in Figs. 1 and 3, being operated by
the rod 46 and lever 47 from the cam 48 on the shaft 3. When the nut is finished
and ready for taking off the punch 33 the cam 48 operates the lever 47 and rod 40,
by which the lever 45 is placed against the stop 49, thus holding the slide 31 and
punch 33 stationary, the slide 32 being operated independently by the cam 41, thus
pushing the finished nut off the end of the punch.
Immediately the bammers 9 are released from the action of the cams 4 and 5,
they are operated or pressed back by the springs 50 secured to the slide guides 51,
or in any other convenient position.
The slides 10 are moved or pressed back by the cams or levers 52, the latter
being operated by the rods 53 secured to the levers 54, which are moved by the
cams 55. The slides 11 are moved backwards by the spiral springs 56, shewn in
Fig. 2.
All the levers at the back side of the machine are mounted loosely on the fixed
shaft or centre 57. The machine is provided with the fly wheel 58, and driven in
the usual way by a belt, or by other means or equivalents.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I would have it
understood that I do not limit myself to the exact details herein described and

page_text: shewn as they may be varied or modified without departing from the nature of my
Invention. It is obvious that the flanges or shoulders on the indenters or cutting
tools may be employed in conjunction with the half hexagon dies for holding and
chamfering the nut whilst it is being punched.
I declare that what I claim is,
1st The use and construction of the indenters or cutters 12 with the flanges or
shoulders 60, for the purpose herein set forth and described.
2nd The use and construction of the compound half hexagon dies 13, provided on
their upper, side with the long flat sides 62 to work in conjunction with the
stationary die 15, together with the cutting edges 61 and the angular sides 64, for
the purpose described, substantially as shewn on the drawing or any mere
modification or imitation thereof.
3rd The use, construction and arrangement of the slides 10 and 11 with the
inclined planes or edges, applied and operated by the action of the slides 7,
substantially as described and as shewn on the drawings in Fig. 3.
4th The use and construction of the oscillating boss 28 and cup 19, working in
conjunction with the apparatus required to punch the nut, for the purpose herein
set forth and described.
5th The combination of the slides 31 and 32, revolving horizontal punch 33,
flatner 39, and the mechanism for operating the slides either separately or
together, substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth.
6th The use and construction of the levers 52 for the purpose described.
7th Carrying the partly punched nut on the end of a punch to a convenient
position to be completed by a finishing punch, substantially as described and shewn,
or otherwise.
8th The general combination and arrangement of mechanism for forging nuts,
substantially as described and as shewn on the drawings.
Dated the 6th day of Nowamba 1001.
EDMUND CHADWICK,
Agent for the Applicant.