IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPHIC APPARATUS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for
Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPHIC
APPARATUS."-A communication from abroad by Elisha Whittelsey
Andrews and Edward Augustine Calahan, of the City and State of
New York, United States of America.
Sealed the 21st August 1868, and dated the 16th March 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward
Newton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 16th March 1868.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPHIC
APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
This Invention is especially intended for reliably denoting and
registering at several points the quotation of commercial values, such as
the price of merchandise and the fluctuations of gold and stocks. The

page_text: various centres of business are connected with one central transmitting
station by two or more telegraphic wires; one wire is employed for
moving the type wheel or other denoting mechanism, the other wire
for giving the impression and operating the registering mechanism in
order that the denoting mechanism shall be reliably set and operated
independently of the impression.
Where two type wheels are used (one for letters or characters, the
other for figures and fractions) then three wires will be required, and
the two wheels are to be placed side by side with their shafts in line
with each other, so that the impression is upon one strip of paper.
Each character or type wheel is operated by a magnet placed in the
electric circuit, and the armature acts by a pawl on a ratchet wheel to
move such wheel one tooth each pulsation of the electrical current;
on the same shaft is a second ratchet wheel with the teeth standing in
the reverse direction, and a second pawl is thrown by the armature into
its teeth, so that the wheel is blocked each vibration of the armature;
hence the type wheel is reliably moved one character at a time and no
more under the most rapid pulsations of electricity. The pulsations of
electricity are given by a finger key or other convenient device. A dial
of alternate conducting and non-conducting material and an index arm
moved around over that dial to make and break the electrical circuit
is preferred, the said dial being located at the transmitting station, and
having the proper characters around it corresponding to those on the
type wheel.
The impressions are made by the strip of paper being pressed on the
type or types of the wheel or wheels by motion derived from the
armature of a separate magnet, such armature acting through a lever
and impression roller or surface, and the paper is moved along pro-
gressively as the armature recedes from the magnet. All the said
magnets that give the impressions in the machines at the different
stations are placed in or controlled by the separate electric circuit, and
this is closed by a finger key, after the type wheels are properly set.
By this apparatus names can be spelled or characters impressed to
denote the subjects referred to, and then the quotations of value in
figures or characters are impressed.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 14th September 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of March, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Edward Newton, Her
special licence that I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain, and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPHIC APPARATUS," a communi-
cation to him from abroad by Elisha Whittelsey Andrews and Edward
Augustine Calahan, of the City and State of New York, United
States of America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said William Edward Newton, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawings
heretunto annexed, wherein
Fig. 1 is a general plan of said apparatus;
2 is a plan in smaller size illustrating the manner in which the
wires are arranged in respect to the receiving and transmitting
instruments:

page_text: Fig. 3 is an elevation of the receiving instrument, the frame being
partially broken open.
Similar marks of reference denote the same parts.
It is often desired, particularly in large cities, to keep a correct record
of the various fluctuations in the price of gold, stocks, and articles of
trade, and to have these fluctuations simultaneously and periodically
denoted and registered at the various centers of business connecting
with one central transmitting station.
This Invention is intended to accomplish the said object in a very
reliable manner, and to dispense with the complicated mechanism
heretofore made use of to cause an impression to be made when the type
wheel has been brought to the proper position.
As the different machines will generally be but a short distance apart,
two or more wires communicating through the entire circuit of machines
are made use of; one of these wires transmits the pulsation of electricity
that acts upon a magnet that adjusts the type wheel to the proper
letter or number, the other wire transmits the pulsation of electricity,
which acting in a magnet produces the impression upon the paper.
In the Drawing three circuit wires are represented, one for the
alphabet wheel, another for the number or figure wheel, and the third
for giving the impression.
a is a finger key in the circuit 6 to the magnet c; d is a transmitting
instrument formed with a hand that is moved around from one letter
to another, and in so doing makes and breaks the circuit e to the
letter wheel magnet f, giving a pulsation of electricity for each letter;
g is a transmitting number instrument formed to correspond generally
with the letter transmitting instrument d, and h is the circuit thereof to
the magnet i of the number wheel k. The finger key a and dials d and g
being known do not require further description, but it is remarked that
the mode of arranging several receiving instruments in a line so as to
be worked by one battery is well known, the connections being such that
all the magnets fare in the circuit e, and so on. The type wheels k
and are provided with the desired letters, numbers, or characters; the
wheel is shown as formed with numerals and fractions for printing the
required prices, and the wheel is provided with the necessary letters of
the alphabet, so as to be used in printing names. The mechanism
between the magnets and the respective type wheels being the same it is
only necessary to describe the same on one side of the machine. The

page_text: As
armature m with its lever n swing on the axis o, and the amount of
motion is regulated by the screws 2 and 3, and 4 is a spring to lift the
armature and lever; 5 is a pawl on the arm 6 of the armature m that
acts to turn the ratchet wheel p (upon the shaft 7 of the type wheel)
one tooth each time the magnet is charged; 8 is a pawl to keep the
wheel P from turning back; q is a second ratchet wheel on the shaft 7,
its teeth standing the reverse to the teeth of the wheel; p and rands are
pawl arms from the lever n taking on opposite sides of the wheel q.
It will now be seen that when the armature is attracted by the
magnet the pawl 5 turns the type wheel one letter by acting on the
ratchet p, and at the same time the pawl arm r takes one of the teeth of
the reverse ratchet wheel q, rendering it impossible for the momentum
to turn the type wheel too far and effectually blocking the same.
the ellectrical circuit is broken and the armature rises the arm & comes
against the ratchet q to prevent motion while the printing is being
performed. This arrangement of mechanism ensures great accuracy in
the movement of the type wheels and prevents mistakes when the
movement is rapid. The two type wheels k and although on separate
shafts stand on line with each other, so as to be impressed separately or
jointly upon the same strip of paper that is fed along beneath them.
The means for printing are the magnet c and finger key a, so that
whenever either or both type wheels are properly set the finger key a is
to be closed to operate by the magnet c on the armature t, and throw
the impression roller or surface u upwards, carrying with it the paper
strip x, and impressing it upon the type or types. The roller u, see
Fig. 4, is shown as operated upon by the hanging pawl v to turn the
same the amount necessary to feed the paper along, and the pawl v¹ on
the armature lever frame prevents the roller a turning back. The
paper is guided in the loops or guides 10, and the motion of the armature
is regulated by the screws 11 & 12. It will now be understood that this
apparatus is especially adapted to giving simultaneously at different
points and with great reliability the most recent quotations in the
price of gold, stocks, or other articles as the same may be reported at a
central station. Each of the wheels and k has a blank space that is
turned towards the paper, while the other wheel only is being printed
from. The inking rollers y, y, in contact with the respective type wheels
serve to ink the same. The roller that feeds the paper along might be
operated by ratchet wheels and pawls similar to those that move the
type wheels. The magnet that gives the impression may be placed

page_text: directly in the main electric circuit, or it may be operated from the main
circuit by a relay and local circuit.
This machine does not require any attention except to supply paper
from time to time and moisten the inking rollers, because all the
movements of the receiving and registering mechanism are effected by
the electricity itself, thus rendering the machine entirely automatic.
What is claimed and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is,-
First. A magnet for giving or controlling the impression placed in a
main electric circuit that is separate from the circuit that controls
the type wheel or denoting device so that the impression can be
made independently of any other operation when the type wheel or
denoting device has been properly moved, substantially as set forth.
Second. Two or more type wheels separately controlled by magnetism
and arranged side by side, or with their axis on the same line, so as to
be impressed jointly or separately on one strip of paper, substantially as
and for the purposes set forth.
Third. The combination of the type wheels k and 1, magnets f and i,
with the magnet c and impression roller u, or its equivalent, substantially
as and for the purposes set forth.
Fourth. The reverse ratchet wheel q and pawl r in combination with
the ratchet wheel p and pawl 5, for moving and holding the type or
character wheel, substantially as set forth.
Fifth. In a printing telegraph moving the type wheel or wheels by
a motion independent of that which effects the impression for printing,
so that the type wheel can be set to the proper point and there remain
until the independent motion is given to effect the printing, substantially
as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of September,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
eight.