IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL BUTTER
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Rennick, of Great St. Helen's, in the
the City of London, Merchant, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL BUTTER."-A communication from
abroad by Lewis Tappan, of the City and State of New York,
TT
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Rennick at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd April 1874.
I, CHARLES RENNICK, of Great St. Helen's, in the City of London,
5 Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL BUTTER," a communication,
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a new composition whereby a cheap, whole-
The said Invention consists in the
some, and palatable article is made.
manner in which certain fats, lard, and oil are changed into the consistent

page_text: state of butter; also in the use of the various articles or ingredients
herein specified.
My improved artificial butter is composed of the following ingredients
in or about the proportions given, namely, in cleven parts by weight
beef or mutton suet; (tallow), eight parts; hogs' lard, stearine, two parts;
refined vegetable or fixed oils, one part. The suet and lard are cut and
reduced to pulp by hand or machine, and are then placed in a suitablo
vessel consisting of an inner and outer pan for melting the ingredients
by the application of steam into water, which surrounds the inner pan
through pipes from an ordinary steam boiler. The fats are reduced to
oil at a temperature not exceeding 120°. The scum, composed of tissues
and membranes, which rise on the surface, are carefully skimmed off,
and the pure part of the oil is passed into another vessel of the same
construction, and is raised to about 140°, then strained and passed into a
cooler and the temperature reduced to about 100°; then the fixed oil is
mixed and the mass placed in a churn with a small quantity of anatto
to give it the required color, and with a suitable quantity of milk, either
sour or sweet, or cream intermixed, is churned and worked over as in
common dairies. The residuum left at the bottom and sides of the
aforesaid vessel is drawn through an orifice and placed warm in a bag of
suitable size and strained in a press, thus thoroughly separating the
tissues and membranes of the fat from the oil. This oil is then placed
in a vessel similar to that above described, and treated precisely the same
as the oil of which it was the residuum.
In some instances I dispense with the mixture of cream or milk.
By my process no stearine is formed, and all the fat except the tissues
and membranes will be reduced to oil. Moreover by the addition of
lard and fixed vegetable oil the butter made preserves perfectly the
appearance, taste, and consistency of natural butter.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty.
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Charles Rennick, Her special licence,
that I, the said Charles Rennick, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles Rennick, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL BUTTER," a communication to me from
abroad by Lewis Tappan, of the City and State of New York, United
States of America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Charles Rennick, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of tho said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Rennick, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This Invention relates to a new composition, whereby a cheap, whole-
some, and palatable article is made. The said Invention consists in this
new composition or product obtained by a process in which certain fats,
lard, and oil are changed into the consistent state of butter by the use of
various articles or ingredients berein specified. This process yields
à larger quantity of fat suitable for conversion into artificial butter than
any other process hitherto employed for the same purpose.
My improved artificial butter is composed of the following ingredients
in or about the proportions given, namely, in eleven parts by weight beef
ór mutton suet; or tallow, eight parts; hogs' lard, stearine, two parts;
refined vegetable or fixed oil, one part. The suet and lard- are cut and

page_text: the ingredients above specified or their equivalents, combined in or
about in the proportions given and treated in the manner set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Rennick, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of October, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.
Witness,
JAS. EDWARDS,
8, Southampton Buildings,
London.
C. RENNICK. (L.S.)