matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED MOWING MACHINE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 17th May 1860.-A communication from abroad by Arthur Legros,
of Tournan, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Flect Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED MOWING MACHINE," (communicated to me from abroad by
Arthur Legros, of Tournan, France), to be as follows:-
This mowing machine is composed of a fore and an after carriage. The
after carriage is supported upon two wheels, and carries handles for pushing
the machine forward by hand, or shafts when horse power is to be applied.
The fore carriage is supported upon one wheel, and the frames of the car-
riages are so connected as to allow of the fore carriage following any irre-
gularities in the ground. To the front of the fore carriage a species of coulter
is fixed, the distance of which from the ground can be regulated according to
the height of cut required. The coulter is prolonged backwards in the shape
of two wings or rails carried back at an angle, one on each side of the
machine. To the coulter on each side the front end of a cutting blade is
fixed, while the rear end on each side of the machine is held in an adjustable
support projecting laterally from the machine, whereby the breadth of cut,
and elevation of the blades from the ground, can be regulated; the cutting
blades lie below and nearly parallel with the rails above mentioned, and these
latter turn over the crop after being cut out of the track followed by the
machine.
IMPROVED METHODS OF EASING AND DISTRIBUTING THE STRAIN ON SHIPS' CABLES WHEN SUBJECTED TO GREAT TENSION OR PRESSURE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Calvert at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th January 1860.
I, JOHN CALVERT, of Number 189, Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED METHODS OF EASING AND DISTRIBUTING THE STRAIN ON SHIPS' CABLES
WHEN SUBJECTED TO GREAT TENSION OR PRESSURE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain methods of relieving ships' cables from the
danger resulting from being subjected to great strain or sudden jerks. Onc
mode of effecting this object is, to connect the cable with, or to cause the
same to ride on, an arrangement of metallic springs, or of elastic material or
materials, the effect thereof being to relieve the cable from the danger arising
from extreme tension. .
Another method of attaining the same object is, to attach to any desirable
part or parts of the cable a weight or weights, thereby diverting the cable
from its normal position, and distributing the strain thereon. In order to
increase the efficacy of the weight or weights employed, they may be con-
structed with projecting fans or blades for the purpose of offering a resisting
surface to the action of the water. The strain being distributed by the
employment of a weight or weights; the cable may be constructed of lengths
varying in size and strength, thus economising the material used.
IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR HORIZONTAL, VERTICAL, OR INCLINED BORING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Baptiste Frédéric Duvergé
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th September 1860.
I, JEAN BAPTISTE FRÉDÉRIC DUVERGÉ, of Bordeaux, in the Départment of
the Gironde, in the Empire of France, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
HORIZONTAL, VERTICAL, OR INCLINED BORING," to be as follows:-
I propose to bore in mines, quarries, tunnels, or other places by similar
apparatus, but modified to suit the nature of the work. I propose for hori-
zontal boring to place my cast-iron framing on a framing or support formed of
two thick planks of wood tied together by cross bearings, securing the whole
from recoil by stakes or otherwise. The metal framing is made to support
two shafts lying parallel to each other, the one solid, the other hollow, but
both furnished with conical band rests; one of these shafts is formed square at
each end to receive the winch or handle for turning it. The hollow shaft is a
tube of iron, having within it a spherical headed screw and a square shaft, on
one end of which is a nipper (holding the heel of the screw); this shaft slides
within a square box or casing. In operating, motion is given by means of a
winch (steam power may be used if desirable) to the solid shaft, which by the
aid of pullies or bands on the cones of both shafts causes them to turn; the screw
head (or drill) is forced onwards with a rotary movement, and bores into the
rock or other substance. When it has been pushed as far as the machine will

page_text: send it, the shafts are turned in an opposite sense, and the screw retires to its
normal position, the whole being similar to a sliding telescope. For vertical
boring I propose to change the position of the box shaft and screw (or drill).
The framing will be composed of four uprights of wood firmly secured in
position by cross pieces, the centre one of which is to be provided with a
socket to allow the working of the sliding bar through it, and to prevent
oscillation of the box containing the square shaft aforesaid, motion is given by
means of a fly and other wheels, two being conical cog wheels, which work the
boring shaft by a rotary motion upwards, and by a reversed motion retire it
when the vertical bore is completed. The boring apparatus is to be the same
as for horizontal boring.
The framing under the conical cog wheels is for incline boring, to be so
arranged as to permit of the bore being made at an inclination of twenty
degrees or even greater. I propose to use drills of various descriptions, square
headed, flat, curve headed, twist headed, and more particularly one cased in
sheet iron, with a somewhat large head tapering to heel (so that the broken
material having once entered into the casing shall not lodge). This drill is to
be made somewhat in the form of a double auger.
In- PROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING OXYGEN GAS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christopher Binks at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th Junc
1860.
I, CHRISTOPHER BINKS, of Parliament Street, Westminster, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING OXYGEN GAS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is the economical production of gaseous oxygen
for the various art and manufacturing purposes to which that element is appli-
cable, and it consists in effecting the decomposition of water free or combined,
or in its ordinary form, or in that of steam through the agency of chlorine
mixed with or brought in contact with it under a high temperature, and the
conjoint action of any substance or substances capable of retaining or of fixing
by combination or otherwise, the hydrochloric acid formed by the reactions
between the hydrogen of the water and the chlorine, but not capable of
retaining or of fixing the oxygen, which is thus set freo in its
gaseous
form.
AN IMPROVED EQUILIBRIUM SLIDE VALVE APPLICABLE ENGINES WORKED BY STEAM OR OTHER MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Dooley and James Mawson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 15th June 1860.
We, JOHN DOOLEY, of Dukinfield, in the County of Chester, and JAMES
MAWSON, of the same Place, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED EQUILIBRIUM SLIDE VALVE APPLICABLE
ENGINES WORKED BY STEAM OR OTHER MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
Instead of allowing the outside of the valve to be in contact with the steam
from the boiler we connect the facings of the valve to a box or casing forming
a valve and steam box combined. The box or valve has at one end a pipe
working through a stuffing-box, which pipe by means of a fixed pipe is in
communication with the boiler. The rod for giving motion to the valve or box
is applied at either end, as desired, and movement is given to it in the ordinary
At the back of the valve or box there is a port or passage covered
with a balance plate held by lugs in such manner that it does not move to and
fro with the valve or box, but can be pressed to a greater or less degree
against the facing of the port by means of a spring adjusted with a screw and
set nuts.
By this arrangement there is no pressure. of steam on the back of the valve,
in consequence of the steam acting equally on all the sides of the interior of
the valve or box, which thus forms an improved equilibrium slide valve.
AN IMPROVED FIBROUS MATERIAL FOR MANUFACTURING WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Hartley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th July
1860.
I, THOMAS HARTLEY, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Gardener, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED FIBROUS
MATERIAL FOR MANUFACTURING WOVEN FABRICS," to be as follows:-
I take old ropes, rope ends, the refuse of rope-walks, bags, or the refuse of
mills, and teaze or tear them, either by hand or power, until they become a
very fine fibre. I then bleach the material thus produced by any suitable
chemical bleaching process when it becomes a splendid fibre ready to be spun
and manufactured into fabrics suitable for numerous useful articles. It is also
evident that I can submit the said fibrous material to the bleaching process
after it is spun into yarn as well as previous, if I find it desirable. Or I
submit the dark flax, as imported from abroad, to the same chemical bleaching
process previous to its being spun. The said fibre will mix with cotton, wool,
silk, or other fibrous materials, and thereby make fabrics of very superior
quality, and at a great saving in the cost of production.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FLOCK, SUCH AS IS EMPLOYED FOR FLOCKING PAPER HANGINGS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Gray at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th July
1860.
I, THOMAS GRAY, of 7, Bride Lane, in the City of London, do hereby
5 declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF FLOCK, SUCH AS IS EMPLOYED FOR FLOCKING PAPER HANGINGS, AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of flock,
For
purposes.
such as is employed for flocking paper hangings, and for other
this purpose I take mixed fabrics of cotton and wool, and by well-known
chemical and mechanical processes I separate the wool by destroying the
cotton fibre mixed with it. The wool obtained when it is properly cleaned
and dried, I cut up by means of a machine containing suitable knives, and so
reduce the fibre to the state of flock.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MOUNTING AND AFFIXING OPAQUE LETTERS OR NUMERALS ON A TRANS- LUCENT GROUND
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Glover at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st December
1860.
I, JAMES GLOVER, of Danes Inn, Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MOUNTING AND AFFIXING OPAQUE LETTERS OR NUMERALS ON A TRANS-
LUCENT GROUND," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in mounting and affixing letters or numerals
between transparent or plate glass and translucent glass or porcelain which
serves as a ground, so that the opaque letters or numerals contrasting with the
colour of the same are made distinctly visible, whether illuminated in front
or at the back. The glasses are placed in frames suitable for fixing in such
positions as the entrance and internal doors of houses, hotels, and other build-
ings, cabins, railway carriages, omnibuses, and cabs.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF WATER- PROOFING FABRICS FOR GARMENTS, SO AS TO ALLOW PERSPIRATION TO PASS THROUGH THE SAME
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Read at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th May
1860.
I, ROBERT READ, of Havelock Street, Leicester, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF WATER-
PROOFING FABRICS FOR GARMENTS, SO AS TO ALLOW PERSPIRATION TO PASS THROUGH
THE SAME," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to produce a fabric or material for garments,
which, in addition to being waterproof, shall also be sufficiently porous for
perspiration to pass through the same. For the above purpose two textures,
say, for instance, the one a tweed cloth, and the other an alpacca, are each
coated on one side with a solution of india-rubber in the ordinary manner.
and after being wound on rollers are taken to the perforating machine, wound
off again, and passed over a roller thickly set on its surface with a number of
short points, which perforate the cloth and the solution placed thereon. From
the perforating roller each fabric is carried under a roller covered with india-
rubber, for the purpose of spreading over the perforations with a slight film
of rubber.
The process is completed by the fabrics being wound on rollers, and
afterwards wound off together, and passed with their coated surfaces in contact
to unite the same between pressure rollers in the ordinary manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Ling at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th November
1860.
I, SAMUEL LING; of Heywood, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
In my improved apparatus I use a pump similar to an ordinary force pump,
that is, with two clacks or valves, the one to shut against the pressure and the
other against the lubricating material. This pump forces the said material
into the engine, and I cause it to pass in the first place into the steam
pipe or valve box so that the valve as well as the cylinder becomes lubricated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESS AND OTHER FASTENINGS, AND IN THE APPLICATION AND MANUFACTURE THEREOF
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John George Taylor at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
December 1860.
I, JOHN GEORGE TAYLOR, Merchant, of Paris, in the Empire of France,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DRESS AND OTHER FASTENINGS, AND IN THE APPLICATION AND MANUFACTURE
THEREOF," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in placing round or oval rings in the coils or
heads, or round the necks of double or covered pointed pins, and by that
means preventing the hair or garments from entering the heads of such pins.
I also propose to ornament the heads of double wire pins by making them in
the form of hearts, crosses, or other devices. I also twist the necks of double
pins, thereby preventing the hair or garments from entering the heads; and I
use the same means to fasten heads upon double pins, when such heads consist
of another piece or pieces of metal or other material. And I make covered
pointed pins with one or more projections forced out of the branch or sheath;
and I use this system of projections in the manufacture of the flexible part of
springs to facilitate their being opened. Such springs are useful for fastenings
for watch guards and chains, key chains, garters, necklaces, bracelets, and
other articles used upon or carried about the person. I also use covered
pointed pins in connection with springs to fasten watches, purses, and other
articles in the pocket.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS TO FACILITATE THE CONSUMPTION OF SMOKE IN FURNACES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Ambler at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th May
1860.
I, WILLIAM AMBLER, of Keighley, in the County of York, Paper Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MEANS OR APPARATUS TO FACILITATE THE CONSUMPTION OF SMOKE IN FURNACES,"
to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to the use of tubes or conductors placed above
the fire-door in communication with the atmosphere, whilst their inner ends
open over the fuel being consumed, and so as to convey air from the exterior
of the furnace to mix with the products of combustion, the air being heated in
its passage through the tubes.
I prefer that these tubes be of various lengths adapted to the general form
of the fuel being consumed, and so as to distribute the air thereon as much as
possible, and thereby facilitate the combustion of the gases and economy in the
use of the fuel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN NECKTIES, SCARFS, AND CRAVATS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph James Welch at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th June
1860.
I, JOSEPH JAMES WELCH, of the Firm of Welch and Margetson, of Cheap-
side, in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention.
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN NECKTIES, SCARFS, AND CRAVATS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of neckties, scarfs, and cravats,-
in such a manner that they can be placed upon the neck of the wearer and
secured thereon, with little or no trouble, by a simple and efficient contrivance,
as follows:-
The bows of the neckties are to be made and secured to one end of the
band of the tie, at the back of which is attached a small cross loop, either of
elastic material, leather, or other suitable substance, beneath which the other
end of the band is passed, thus forming one end of the bow.
For scarfs and cravats the same cross loop is used inside the band, the end
thereof passing through in the manner described, and the ends of the scarf
fastened in front of the hole so as to hide the fastening.
AN IMPROVED ROTARY COOKING APPARATUS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Deane at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th September
1860.
I, EDWARD DEANE, of Arthur Street East, London Bridge, in the City of
London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED ROTARY COOKING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in having a number of vertical reflectors or deflectors
converging to an axis (to be suspended within a meat screen or roasting
apparatus or to be used without a meat screen if thought desirable), and to
be placed before a fire, when this reflecting or deflecting apparatus being caused
to rotate (the things to be cooked being placed in any of the spaces between the
reflectors or deflectors), will be brought round to the fire, accompanied by the
reflectors or deflectors, and the cooking effected in a ready and advantageous
manner.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRINGS FOR RAILROAD CARS, LOCOMOTIVES, AND CARRIAGES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
October 1860. A communication from abroad by John E. Jerrold, John
Eugene Beggs, and Francis Scott, all of Paterson, Passaic County, State
of New Jersey, in the United States of America.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRINGS FOR RAILROAD
CARS, LOCOMOTIVES, AND CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment for the purpose of producing a
car spring of a closely wound coil made of one continuous or of several
thin strips of sheet steel or other suitable material, and retained in its form
by two clamps, which are provided with pivots, and form the guides for
the spring.
The Invention consists-also in the combination with this closely wound coil
of a band, the sides of which form the guides for the clamps, and which is so
proportioned in relation to the coil that it checks the motion of the spring
beyond a certain limit.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MAKING WHEELS FOR CARTS, WAGGONS, AND CARRIAGES FOR COMMON ROADS AND RAILWAYS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Hughes at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd December
1860.
I, HENRY HUGHES, Engineer, of Loughborough, in the County of Leicester,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD
OF MAKING WHEELS FOR CARTS, WAGGONS, AND CARRIAGES FOR COMMON ROADS AND
RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
First, the introduction of wrought or cast iron tubes, whether taper or
cylindrical, rectangular, or oval section, instead of the usual wooden spokes, on
which there is cast an ordinary cast-iron nathe of suitable shape, & in the
following manner, as shewn in Figure I. The spokes are laid in a template
made in two parts, so that it is impossible to move them from their position.
A mould is then made of the nathe in sand, & the template & spokes so
laid that the ends of the spokes are in the mould when the metal is run round
them. After the nathe has been cast on the wood, felloes are attached in
the usual manner, & a tyre shrunk on the whole, or a tyre may be fastened on
without the felloes.
I further claim the method of forming a wheel of bent spokes of wrought
iron as shewn on Drawing Figure 2, by rivetting or bolting this form of spoke
to the inside of felloes or a ring of wood, and then casting on the spokes a
nathe similar to that before described for the tubular spokes, after which the
tyre is shrunk on in the ordinary manner.
AN IMPROVED BUCKLE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Prosper Reynaud at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
October 1860.
I, LOUIS PROSPER REYNAUD, of Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED BUCKLE," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to manufacture buckles for straps (more
especially for large straps) in such a manner as to render them stronger than
buckles of the ordinary construction, and at the same time keeping the strap
through which the tongue of the buckle passes perfectly flat.
I propose curving the sides of the body or frame upwards, so as to admit of
the thickness of the strap passing beneath the front bar and resting flat upon
the strap which is secured to the tongue or swivel bar; the point of the
tongue is curved upwards in like manner, the degree of curvature being
determined according to the thickness of the strap for which it is intended.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING LIGHT
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Francis Edgeworth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
March 1860.
I, THOMAS FRANCIS EDGEWORTH, of 147, Park Road, Toxteth Park,
Liverpool, Surgeon, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING LIGHT," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in obtaining light.
Heretofore light has been very commonly obtained by the use of jets of
bydrogen gas or carburetted hydrogen gas, and of oxygen gas, acting with
lime or other substance similarly used in place of lime.
with
Now my Invention consists in using atmospheric air in place of or mixed
oxygen gas, in combination with hydrogen or carburetted bydrogen gas,
when obtaining light by the use of lime or other substance similarly used in
place of lime. For these purposes, the atmospheric air, alone or mixed with
oxygen gas, is mixed with hydrogen or carburetted hydrogen, and an ignited
jet of the combined gases is caused to act on lime or other substance similarly
used in place of lime, in like manner to what has heretofore been practised
when using oxygen gas and hydrogen gas or carburetted hydrogen gas with
lime or other substance.
APPLIANCES FOR HEATING TWIST OR SPUN TOBACCO DURING THE PROCESS OP: PRESSING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Legg at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th March
1860.
I, ROBERT LEGO, Millwright and Engineer, of 11, Ashby Street, Clerkenwell,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "APPLIANCES FOR HEATING TWIST OR SPUN TOBACCO DURING THE PROCESS OP:
PRESSING," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of a method and appliances for heating twist or spun-
tobacco during the process of pressing, by which a great saving of time is.
effected and a finer article is produced. This is effected by using either
cellular metal plates or two thin solid metal plates with an intervening coil of
tube extending in a plane between them between each layer of tobacco, when.
arranged in a case or other press, the said cellular plates or coils of tubo
being connected by yielding joints and stop cocks to a steam generator or
other beat reservoir, and the press being filled or partly filled in the manner-
described with alternate layers of tobacco and plates & coils of tube, or with
alternate layers of tobacco and cellular plates; the pressure is then applied.
lightly at first by means of the screw or hydraulic or other power; the next
thing to be done is to open the stop cocks and allow the steam or other
conductor of heat to flow from the generator into the cells of the plates or
into the coils of tube. The whole of the surfaces of the layers of tobacco
being thus brought simultaneously into contact with the hot surfaces of the

page_text: metal plates the fibres of the plant will be uniformly softened, and the pressure
being then increased the whole operation may be performed in a much less
time than by the old method; the coils or the cellular plates must be furnished
with outlets for the air.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING WOOL, COTTON, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ellison Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th May
1860.
I, ELLISON SMITH, of Keighley, in the County of York, Mechanic, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
MACHINERY FOR PREPARING WOOL, COTTON, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention applies to all kinds of machinery used in the preparation of
wool, cotton, flax, and other fibrous materials for spinning wherein spindles
are employed, such, for instance, as the slubbing and roving machines, and
relates to the "bushes" in which the spindle head runs. These bushes havo
hitherto been invariably made of brass or other metallic alloy containing copper,
and besides their prime cost the wear and tear of these bushes has always been
a considerable item of expenditure in working such machinery.
Now this Invention consists in the substitution of iron, as the material for
making such bushes, in lieu of brass or other metallic alloy hitherto used, and
this substitution will be found to effect a very considerable economy not only
in the first cost of the machines, but also in keeping them in efficient repair,
since the iron bushes are not only less costly, but will also be more durable
than the brass ones hitherto employed in such machinery.
IMPROVED PRESSURE AND VACUUM GUAGES FOR STEAM, WATER, GAS, OR OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nathaniel Grew at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th January
1860.
I, NATHANIEL GREW, of No. 47, Parliament Street, Westminster, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
PRESSURE AND VACUUM GUAGES FOR STEAM, WATER, GAS, OR OTHER FLUIDS,"
to be as follows:-
The pressure or vacuum guage consists of an arrangement of weights,
whereby the guage is rendered direct-acting, more accurate than the ordinary
pressure gauges, and less liable to derangement of the parts, and perfectly and
accurately adjustable.
The pressure of the steam, water, or gas being exerted on a solid or other
piston in a tube raises the same, and with it a series of equal or unequal
weights, one after the other, in such manner as to produce a correspondingly
increasing resistance to the rise of the piston in the tube; the end of the piston
being continued above the weights, and provided with a suitable rack and
pinion or worm wheel, gives motion to an index on a dial, and indicates the
pressure or vacuum within the boiler or other vessel; an escape can be pro-
vided for at any maximum pressure that may be determined on as a means of
ensuring a perfectly equal movement in the rise and fall of the piston. A
very fine spiral or other form of spring may be attached thereto, if found
necessary.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SIZING YARN OR THREAD PREVIOUS TO WARPING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Edmond Donisthorpe at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd September 1860.
I, GEORGE EDMOND DONISTHORPE, of Leeds, do hereby declare the nature of
the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SIZING YARN OR THREAD PREVIOUS TO
WARPING," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in sizing yarn or thread
previous to warping. For this pose the yarn or thread, whilst in the cop or
upon bobbins, is placed into a rece. ", in which a vacuum is then created by
exhaustion; the liquor or sizing is then permitted to flow into the receiver
amongst the thread or yarn, and is allowed to remain until the thread or yarn
is perfectly saturated. The yarn or thread is then taken out, and the surplus
liquor or sizing is thrown off by centrifugal force, or by other suitable means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SALT
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Green at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th September
1860.
I, CHARLES GREEN, of Winnington, near Northwich, in the County of
Chester, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SALT," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in heating the brine for evaporation by means of
gas to be burned in jets or burners under salt pans instead of coal fires. I
propose also burning the coke made at the gas works with gas jets in fire-
places to be made for the purpose under other pans. The form of the pans
and mode of conveying the gas to or under them may be arranged according to
the plan and convenience of the premises.
A NEW SORT OF SAFETY LAMP FOR MINES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Fidèle Michaux at the Office-
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th.
December 1860.
I FIDELE MICHAUX, of Anzin, of the Department of Nord, in the Empire
of France, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW SORT OF SAFETY LAMP FOR MINES," to be as follows:-
I propose fitting a hollow piston to the bottom of a safety lamp; this piston,.
composed of a circle of copper, will have two lids of tin, and at one of its
extremities a rod of galvanized iron. A tube traversing the body of. the lamp
will be soldered to the bottom and the upper lid, and the bottom will be
pierced to allow the passage of a rod through the centre of the piston. A
copper spring will surround the galvanized iron rod, and pressing on its
exterior and on the bottom of the lamp will keep the piston in position.
When the lamp is closed a washer will pass over the upper end of the galvan-
ized rod, and a small copper die will cover the end of the rod where it
passes through the washer. The apparatus for withdrawing the lamp will
consist of a cast-iron framing supporting a small pneumatic apparatus of
copper with an india-rubber washer, and will be furnished with a lever for
forcing the hollow piston to adhere to the india-rubber washer. Toothed
wheels set in motion. by a crank will lift and lower the rod, which passes
through the india-rubber washer, and which in descending will form, by the
pressure of its stop upon the centre of the washer a space, which becoming

page_text: greater and greater, will rarefy the air, and thus make this apparatus
pneumatic. The principle of my Invention is the traction of a moveable
piston upheld by a strong spring, the retreat of which releases a stop rod, and
forms a fastening, the traction being obtained by an instantaneous pneumatic
adhesion, and as the piston will fit exactly in its cylinder, and its lower face
be perfectly smooth, no hold can be obtained to withdraw it except by the
apparatus above described.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Yule at the Office of the-
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd February
1860.
I, JOHN YULE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows, that is to say:
This Invention relates to improvements in the arrangement or construction
of steam boilers and in working it out; according to one modification the
outer shell of the boiler is made cylindrical, and there is placed inside a
cylindrical shell to form a steam space, the water being between this steam
space and the outer shell. This steam space shell may be of comparatively
thin metal as it is in free communication at its top with the surrounding
Flue tubes
space, the level of the water being below such communication.
The
In one
may be passed through the steam space to dry or superheat the steam.
form and arrangement of the parts may be modified in various ways, but the
main object is to obtain in boilers of various ordinary kinds an increased steam
space, with facilities for drying or superheating the steam by constructing the
steam space so as to displace the water to a greater or less extent.
example of the various modes of effecting this object, a vertical partition is
fitted near one end of an ordinary cylindrical boiler, the space so separated
constituting a steam space of the entire depth of the boiler, and one through
which superheating tubes may be passed.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING PNEUMATIC POWER
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
May 1860. A communication from abroad by Jean Baptiste Tisserant,.
of St. Michel, Meuse, France, Professor.
pressure,
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, No. 11,
Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR OBTAINING PNEUMATIC POWER," communicated to me from abroad by Jean
Baptiste Tisserant, of St. Michel Meuse, France, Professor, to be as follows:-
It is proposed by the use of this apparatus to carry out the principle that
each square inch (at the level of the sea) shall support in two equal degrees a
pressure of about six pounds by the annulment of the lower degree of
the preliminary surface remaining under the influence of the entire pressure,
and obtaining a movement equal to it. To effect this, a pair of pumps are
employed, constructed similarly to those in ordinary use. These pumps
communicate by means of a suction pipe with two receivers, which are furnished
with a disc. A piston works vertically and easily, but tightly, in the receivers,
each carrying a rod which reaches to and works with a balance beam, being
attached thereto, each near its opposite extremities; the beam being sup-
ported by a pillar and working on a pivot. The apparatus is set in motion
by means of a handle, which turns an axle and moves the driving wheels.
Also on this axle work two wheels, which are cogged on half their peripheries,
(leaving the other half a plane,) and gear into their respective pinions. A

page_text: certain number of strokes of one of the pistons empties one of the receivers ;
one of the rigid rods falls and the other rises, (the balance beam working
as a lever,) while one wheel acts on the excentric axle of the pump, the other
presents only the plane (not toothed) part of its periphery to the opposite pinion,
but simultaneously opens a valve, thus assisting the ascent of the piston.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCOURING WOOL, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Thomas Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th February 1860.-A communication from abroad by Isaie Drubay,
of Cambrai (Nord), Engineer, and Marie Macé Fremont, of Paris, both
in the Empire of France.
I, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes & Son, 123, Chancery
Lane, London, Patent Agents, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SCOURING WOOL, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREIN," a communication from abroad by Isaie Drubay, of Cambrai
(Nord), Engineer, and Marie Macé Fremont, of Paris, both in the Empire of
France, to be as follows:-
I make a trough of wood or other suitable material, with a double bottom
to contain a sufficient quantity of water. At one end of the said trough is a
tap or cock to inject steam to raise the temperature of the water to a suitable
degree of heat, according to the quality of wool to be scoured. The water
being raised to the required temperature, a mixture of soap and carbonate of
soda is dissolved therein, and then the wool to be scoured is put into it. At
the other end of the trough, on the bottom part, is a sluice or paddle door for
discharging the water. When the wool has been sufficiently scoured, it is
passed through and under a cylinder press composed of two or more cylinders
or rollers, the said cylinders or rollers revolving in steps placed on suitable
framework, and a requisite pressure is given to the rollers by means of a lever
and weights sufficient to press or squeeze the wool, and after passing through
the rollers or cylinders, it falls upon a frame or hurdle, which throws it into
baskets prepared to receive it.
A METHOD OF INDICATING AT A DISTANCE THE REVOLUTIONS OF SHAFTS, SPINDLES, AND AXLES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Maun at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th October
1860.
I, WILLIAM MANN, of the City Gas Works, Whitefriars, in the City of
London, Gas Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A METHOD OF INDICATING AT A DISTANCE THE REVOLUTIONS OF SHAFTS,
SPINDLES, AND AXLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in indicating, say, for instance, the number of
revolutions performed by the spindle of a gas meter, placed, say, outside a
house on an instrument in any room in the house, by the aid of electro-
magnetism, substantially in manner hereafter set forth. For this purpose I
form the button or "drum" on one end of the spindle of wood, bone, or other
non-conducting substance, and let into it or fix on it a strip of metal, say,
platinum. I lead one wire from a battery placed in any convenient position,
and cause it to communicate with the "drum." I also cause the other wire
from the battery to communicate with the drum, but in such manner that the
wires shall only communicate when the platinum on the drum comes between
them. In the room I place an ordinary index or gas counter provided with
a lever, in connection with a star click or other like wheel, which acts on the
train of wheels in the counter. Over this lever I fit a soft iron bar or rod
surrounded by a coil in connection with the wire leading from the meter to
the battery. The action is as follows:-Every time the spindle revolves tho

page_text: circuit is established by the platinum on the drum, the soft iron bar or rod
over the counter is magnetised, and draws up the lever, which forces the star
or other like wheel connected with it to move one step, which is registered on
the index. As soon as the circuit is broken by the moving round of the drum,
the bar or rod is demagnetised, drops the lever, and the operations are
repeated as before. I have merely instanced my Invention as applied to
indicating the revolutions of the spindles of gas meters, but it will be readily
understood that it applies to indicating the revolutions of shafts, axles, and
spindles generally.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILS FOR RAILWAYS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Jones at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th July
1860.
I, HENRY JONES, of Neath, in the County of Glamorgan, Boiler Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN RAILS FOR RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in forming the rails in two parts, whereof the under
part is fixed to the ordinary sleepers, and the upper part is inserted in
the said lower part, and fixed therein by bolts or otherwise. For this purpose
the upper part of the rail is formed with a tongue, which is capable of fitting
into a deep groove in the lower part thereof, the bolts or other fastenings
being passed through the two jaws or sides of the said groove, and through the
tongue of the upper part of the rail. The two parts of the rail are arranged
so as to break joint, thereby dispensing with the necessity of a fish joint. The
lower part of the rail is intended to be permanently fixed to the ordinary
sleepers or bearers for the rail, and the upper part is removeable by merely
withdrawing the bolts or fastenings.
By this arrangement the lower part of the rail is intended to remain
as fixed, the upper part alone being changed as required in consequence
of its wear.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN KILNS FOR DRYING GRAIN, SEEDS, AND OTHER AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Fourdrinier at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th September
1860.
I, JOSEPH FOURDRINIER, of 17, Grove Terrace, New Peckham, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN KILNS FOR DRYING GRAIN, SEEDS, AND OTHER AGRICULTURAL
PRODUCE," to be as follows:--
This Invention has for its object improvements in kilns for drying grain,
seeds, and other agricultural produce, and the Invention consists in construct-
ing kilns on wheels, so that the same may be moved from place to place with
facility, and be at once employed by the farmer when thrashing out the grain
or seeds, or otherwise; and the portable kilns, according to my Invention,
may be arranged in a suitable manner to be drawn by horses or by steam
power, and be worked by steam or other power, and may be arranged suitably
for accompanying thrashing machines and portable steam engines. In con-
structing portable kilns they are each made with one or more floors, which
may be of metal or other suitable material; the exterior or body of the car-
riage it is preferred to construct principally of sheet iron, though other
materials may be employed in place thereof. Provision is made for propelling
heated air by a fan or blower through the perforated floors, the air being
heated by a suitable stove, and where desired, over the floors on which the
grain or seeds or other agricultural produce is spread, and provision may also

page_text: be made for stirring and moving such grain or produce mechanically whilst
undergoing the process of drying on the floor or floors contained in the
carriage. The body in which the kiln is constructed is mounted on wheels
suitable for running on land roads and ways.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING AND CARDING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Blair at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th February
1860.
I, JOHN BLAIR, of the Caledon Mill, in the City of Manchester, Cotton
Dealer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING AND CARDING COTTON AND OTHER
FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention consists in an improved feeding apparatus
applicable to blowers and carding engines, and other machines of the same
description. The fibrous material to be operated upon is taken between a
feed roller and a spring clip or holder, or a series of spring holders, and is
presented to the usual beater or licker-in or other roller, by which it is
carried forward, the springs retaining hold of the fibrous material until it is
partially opened, cleaned, or carded.
Another part of my Invention consists in an improved combination of
revolving rollers covered with card teeth and brushes, forming a carding
engine, by which the usual main cylinder is dispensed with, and the dimensions
of the engine greatly reduced. The feeding apparatus above described
delivers the fibrous material to a liker-in, from whence it is taken by a card
roller and delivered to one or more card rollers, the last of which answers for
the doffer, from whence it is removed by a comb or small rollers, or by a
fancy roller" of the usual description. It is well understood by persons
conversant with carding, that the "fancy roller" is a roller covered with a

page_text: peculiar description of card teeth revolving at a great speed. The rollers are
enclosed in a casing, which is made to move to and fro in order to prevent
accumulations of the fibres, and card flats are also applied in certain parts of
the casing to increase the efficiency of the machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING SHIPS AND VESSELS ON THE WATER
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Hulme and Thomas Daven-
port Hulme, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 24th January 1860.
We, WALTER HULME and THOMAS DAVENPORT HULME, both of Congleton,
in the County of Cheshire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING SHIPS AND
VESSELS ON THE WATER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the propelling of ships and vessels on the water,
whereby a greater speed is attained than hitherto, together with economy of
power and fuel. In the stern of a ship, and on each side, I propose arranging
two or more square, cylindrical, or oblong tubes horizontally, at the sides
of which are grooves for three or more guide rods to work in, the centre one
having flaps hinged in any suitable manner thereto, the front being supplied
with guards to retain the flaps in position when pressing against the water,
the back rod being provided with small blocks or pieces to prevent the flaps
becoming quite closed when passing back through the water, these flaps and
cross rods are worked by means of piston rods through stuffing boxes in con-
nection with levers or other suitable means, the object being to propel ships
and vessels by means of tubes and cylinders with flapped pistons working
therein. The mouths of the tubes being supplied with water-tight sliding
covers to keep out the water when necessary.