AN IMPROVED MODE MODE OF MANUFACTURING STEARINE
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Friedrich Ernst Daniel Hast, of Aldermanbury, in
the City of London, Merchant, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED MODE
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Friedrich Ernst Daniel
Hast at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 11th March 1858.
I, FRIEDRICH ERNST DANIEL HAST, of Aldermanbury, in the City of
London, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED MODE OF MANUFACTURING STEARINE," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to simplify and render less costly the process
of extracting stearine from oleine, and to obtain from a given quantity of fat as
large or larger a per-centage of the former product than is obtained by the most
improved processes at present in use. For this purpose the Inventor takes
any given quantity of palm oil or other fatty matter, and saponifies the same
in the usual way, and after adding thereto about one-tenth part of cocoa-nut
oil, boils up the mixture in milk. When sufficiently boiled the mixture is
transferred to an enamelled vessel, whence it is run slowly (while still in a
heated state) into a closed chamber provided with a steam jacket and inclined
plates, set one above the other, so as to catch the fluid as it falls from above,
and cause it to flow in a thin film over their inclined surfaces. Into this

page_text: chamber hot air or steam and nitrogen are forced, in order by their action to
effect or facilitate the chemical separation of the stearine from the oleine. The
material under treatment, still in a fluid state, is run out of the chamber into
cooling vessels provided for the purpose, and when solidified it is subjected to
pressure in the usual way, to effect the mechanical separation of the stearine.
It is preferred to make some of the inclined plates in the chamber of iron,
while others are of glass, as the metal when heated to a high temperature,
having a great affinity for oxygen, will expedite the chemical change desired in
the saponified material.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Friedrich Ernst Daniel Hast in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 11th September 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FRIEDRICH
ERNST DANIEL HAST, of Aldermanbury, in the City of London, Merchant, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Friedrich Ernst Daniel Hast, Her special license that I, the said
Friedrich Ernst Daniel Hast, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Friedrich Ernst Daniel Hast, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF MANUFACTURING STEARINE," being a
communcation from a foreigner residing abroad, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Friedrich Ernst Daniel Hast, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Friedrich Ernst Daniel Hast, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is

page_text: to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say):-
The object of this Invention, as communicated to me by my foreign corre-
spondent, is to simplify and render less costly the process of extracting stearine
from oleine, and to obtain from a given quantity of fat as large or even a larger
per-centage of the former product than is obtained by the most improved
processes at present in use. For this purpose the Inventor takes any given
quantity of palm oil or other fatty matter, and saponifies the same in the way
usually followed in obtaining stearine from palm oil or tallow. After this
operation he places the fatty matter (it having previously been well washed
and freed from acid) into an iron pan capable of containing, say, about one
and a half tons of fatty material, and furnished with a jacket to permit of the
circulation of steam around it; about one-tenth part of cocoa-nut oil is then
added to the mixture, and the whole is boiled up. When the mixture has
attained the temperature of about two hundred and sixty degrees Fahrenheit,
there is added thereto for every gallon of the mixture eight quarts of fresh
milk, mixed with four pounds of rosin. The fatty compound is then to be kept
well stirred by any suitable agitator for about half an hour, after which the
steam is shut off, and the fatty matter is transferred to wooden vessels, and left
for about twelve hours to settle. It is next placed in a pan and heated to
about one hundred and sixty degrees Fahrenheit, and is then run on to a hollow
plate heated by steam, whence it passes to a chamber, in which it is subjected
to an atmosphere of nitrogen gas and heated air. This chamber is made
rectangular, and by preference of plates of iron, enamelled or lined with copper,
so as to prevent the fatty matters from being discolored by contact with the
metal. The chamber is surrounded by a steam jacket, and fitted with inclined
plates, by preference of glass, which are set one above the other, and at
suitable angles, to receive the fluid fatty matter as it is discharged into the closed
chamber through a perforated pipe, and transmit it in a thin film from one to
the other of the inclined surfaces, while it flows downwards by its own specific
gravity. A pipe at the bottom of the chamber is provided for drawing off the
fluid fatty matter. The heat of this chamber should be maintained at about
four hundred degrees Fahrenheit, and as the fatty matter is supplied to the
inclined plates heated, air and free nitrogen are to be forced into the chamber.
By the fatty material being thus exposed to the action of the heated air and
nitrogen over an extended surface, and while slowly flowing through the
chamber, the chemical separation of the stearine from the oleine will be
facilitated or effected. The material under treatment (still in a fluid state) is
run out of the chamber into cooling vessels provided for the purpose. These

page_text: vessels I prefer to be boxes packed with ice, the ice being covered by glass
plates, on to which the fluid fatty matter falls, and thus becomes quickly
solidified. The solidified mass is next to be subjected to pressure in the usual
way, to effect the mechanical separation of the stearine, and the operation
is then completed.
Having now set forth the nature of the Invention of "An Improved Mode
of Manufacturing Stearine," as communicated to me by my foreign corre-
spondent, I wish it to be understood that under the above recited Letters
Patent, I claim subjecting palm oil and other fatty matters after they have
been saponified to the treatment above described, to render the same fit for
undergoing the pressing process; and particularly I claim presenting the fluid
fatty matter in a highly heated close vessel to the action of nitrogen gas, for
the purpose above explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said Friedrich Ernst Daniel Hast, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Eleventh day of September, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.