Method and Apparatus for Reducing Pig-iron containing Silicon or Phosphorus into Bessemer or Thomas" Steel.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Apr., 1899-Accepted, 10th June, 1899
QUALL DUMID
DIMULIATION.
Method and Apparatus for Reducing Pig-iron containing Silicon or
Phosphorus into Bessemer or Thomas" Steel.
"
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11
I, LEOPOLD PSZCZOLKA, of Postgasse I, Wien, in the Empire of Austria, Director,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the follow-
ing statement;―
To reduce pig-iron containing perhaps 0.7% of silicon or less into "Bessemer"
steel and pig-iron with perhaps 1% of phosphorous into "Thomas" homogeneous
iron owing to the failure of the heat during the process, has hitherto been so diffi-
cult, that the wholesale treatment of these kinds of iron was not practicable,
otherwise it could be done in a cheap manner. The present invention relates to
a method whereby the heat. is maintained and the blast is effected with augmented
pressure; this is done by decreasing the size of the blast openings of the convertors,
so as to equal somewhat less than eight times the total sectional area of all nozzles
and blast pipes through which air is blown into the apparatus.
The actual size of the blast opening should be such as to allow the possibility.
cf easy repair of the bottom and the walls of the apparatus after each charging.
In order not to lose the advantages of the large openings but still to obtain on the
other hand the required effect, the following means are provided.
The annexed drawing illustrates various forms of the improved apparatus.
A metal ring or collar r whose inner covering of suitable fire proof material
forms a whole with the same is arranged on the mouth of the convertor c, and held
by outer fastenings arranged on the convertor neck or on an adjacent wall, or iron
plate, column or the like, suitably protected against iron and slag ejections, as
shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 as examples in which e indicates the convertors
provided with rings or collars r. In Fig. 4 the fastening is made by the buffer
spring f, or it may be done in any other suitable manner. Or a straight or bent
cover or valve d covered with fire-proof material or provided with cooling means
is arranged on the mouth of the convertor and secured by fastening devices
arranged on the convertor neck, or on an adjacent wall (see w in Fig. 7), iron
plate, column, or the like which covers can be fixed or movable as shown for
instance in Figs. 6, 7, and S.
S
In Fig. S a hollow metal cover d cooled by water is represented, the water flow-
ing in at and out at a. The closing of the cover upon the convertor mouth is
here effected by a hydraulic cylinder and a lifting arm m in which the bearing
slides and is movably connected with the piston rod k, or chains and ropes, or the
like can be used to transfer the actuating power from any source.
Or project-
ing, stationary, straight or bent abutments of fire proof material or constructed
or stamped entirely or partially of metal and then cooled, toward which the con-
vertor is inclined when its mouth is to be closed. Fig. 9 represents as an
example and diagrammatically a fire proof inwardly projecting bricked space g,
whilst Fig. 10 shows similarly a projecting metal abutment g sprinkled with cold
water under pressure through the tubes z, whilst the warmed water flows off
through a.

page_text: This arrangement for allowing the reduction in size of the mouth of the con-
vertor more or less, also during the process according to the heat in the apparatus,
or to give it its largest opening is especially useful, as during the first blast period
a greater starting heat can be produced in the apparatus by reducing the blast
opening partially, further during ejection the mouth can be given its largest size.
If the furnace charge has, during the first blast period once been heated by
reducing the blast opening, it will be seldom necessary to repeat the reducing
during the further course of the process. By the use of this invention a special
advantage is given to manufacturers where the quality of the pig-iron varies in
consequence of local causes and who were obliged therefore to use a mixer as the
latter can be dispensed with by utilizing for suitable iron the fully open, and for
less suitable iron the narrowed mouth of the apparatus.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
"
1. An improved method of reducing pig-iron containing silicon or phosphorous
into Bessemer steel or Thomas" homogeneous iron in which the blast openings
of the apparatus are reduced by means of stationary or removable or displaceable
devices in order to obtain an augmented pressure inside the apparatus and conse-
quently a greater heat in the metal bath.
2. For the process described in Claim 1 the arrangement of (1) rings or collars
lined with fire-proof material or provided with cooling means on the mouths of the
convertors and secured on the exterior of the convertor itself or to an adjacent
wall, metal plate, column or the like, or (2) covers or valves for the mouths of said
convertors lined with fire-proof material, which may be stationary or movable, or
(3) stationary spaces or plates provided with cooling means or faced or lined with
fire-proof material, towards which the convertor mouth has to be inclined when the
same is to be closed or reduced.
Dated this 11th day of th...] 1900
HERBERT HADDAN & Co.,
Agents to Applicant, 18, Buckingham Street, Strand, W.C., London.