IMPROVEMENTS IN TIPPING PILE FABRICS, AND BE USED FORUCH PURPOS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Benjamin Norton, of Nortonthorpe Mills, near
Huddersfield, in the County of York, Fancy Cloth Manufacturer,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TIPPING PILE FABRICS, AND IN
Scaled the 1st June 1869, and dated the 22nd December 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Benjamin Norton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 22nd December 1868.
I, BENJAMIN NORTON, of Nortonthorpe Mills, near Huddersfield, in
the County of York, Fancy Cloth Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TIPPING PILE FABRICS
AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED FOR SUCH PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in tipping pile fabrics.
For this purpose I apply color, or it might be "lacquer" or "resist,"
to the tips of the pile by means of circular revolving brushes. The
pile fabric, whether it be a cut pile or a raised pile, is led around a
portion of the circumference of a roller or drum, with the pile outwards,
and whilst so supported by the roller or drum, color, or lacquer, or
resist is applied to the pile by means of the circular revolving brushes;
the roller or drum can be raised or lowered so as to press the pile

page_text: fabric more or less against the brushes. I prefer to employ two
revolving brushes which act in succession upon the pile surface, as
the fabric is moved onwards continously, each of the brushes may be
supplied with color, lacquer, or resist, by rollers from a trough, or the
first brush only may be thus supplied with color or material, and the
second brush may be employed to rub it more intimately into the pile
surface; both brushes may also be made to revolve in opposite
directions, or they may both revolve in the same direction, but I prefer
that they should revolve in opposite directions. In addition to these
revolving brushes other brushes may be employed either circular
revolving brushes or flat brushes, to move to and fro endwise across
the piece or otherwise when the color, lacquer, or resist is required to
be worked very deeply into the pile. Any or all of the rollers which
supply the color or material to the brushes may if required be heated
by steam or by otlier means. The troughs containing the material
may also be similarly heated. I prefer that the pile fabric to be tipped
should be placed on a table and be conveyed from thence over rollers
to a height somewhat above the drum, which is to support it whilst
being acted on by the brushes, the fabric is then led downwards and
around the under side of the drum and afterwards led upwards and
carried over rollers upon a horizontal arm at the top of the framing of
the machine; this arm is of such a length as to extend over the table
which supports the fabric that is to be operated upon, and to deliver
the fabric on to another similar table. Any of the rollers over which
the fabric is conducted may be covered with card teeth, emery, sand, or
like material, and be driven to aid in causing the fabric to move forward
through the machine or to check its progress. I prefer that the surface
speed of the revolving brushes should be about four times as great as
the speed of the cloth, and that the color rollers should revolve at
about half the speed of the brushes, but this may be varied.
Carved rollers or cut brushes may be used so as to form a figure on
the cloth; some parts would then be figured and the remainder of the
fabric left untouched. Brass teeth, or wire cards, or similar arrange-
ments, may, in some cases be used in place of brushes. The fabric may
also if desired be caused to pass continuously through the machine, until
sufficient color, lacquer, or resist, has been worked into the pile.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Benjamin Norton in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 22nd June 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, BENJAMIN
NORTON, of Nortonthorpe Mills, near Huddersfield, in the County of
York, Fancy Cloth Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Benjamin Norton, Her
special licence that I, the said Benjanin Norton, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Benjamin Norton,,
my executors, administrators, and assigns should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise;
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ircland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
EN TIPPING PILE FABRICS, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED FOR SUCH PURPOSE,'
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Benjamin Norton,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-..
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
"
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Benjamin Norton, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof (that is to say) :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in tipping pile fabrics.
For this purpose I apply color, or it might be "lacquer," or resist or
discharge to the tips of the pile by means of circular revolving brushes.
The pile fabric, whether it be a cut pile or a raised pile, is led around a
portion of the circumference of a roller or drum with the pile outwards,
and whilst so supported by the roller or drum, color, or lacquer, or resist,

page_text: or discharge, is applied to the pile by means of the circular revolving
brushes. I prefer to employ two revolving brushes which act in
succession upon the pile surface as the fabric is moved onwards con-
tinuously; each of the brushes may be supplied with color, lacquer, or
resist, by rollers from a trough, or the first brush only may be thus
supplied with color or material, and the second brush may be employed
to rub it more intimately into the pile surface; both brushes may also
be made to revolve in opposite directions, or they may both revolve in
the same direction, but I prefer that they should revolve in opposite
directions.
In addition to the revolving brushes other brushes may be employed,
either circular revolving brushes or flat brushes to move to and fro,
endwise, across the piece, or otherwise, when the color, lacquer, or
resist is required to be worked very deeply into the pile. Any or all
of the rollers which supply the color or material to the brushes may,
if required, be heated by steam or by other means. The troughs
containing the material may also be similarly heated. I prefer that the
pile fabric to be tipped should be placed on a scray, and be conveyed
from thence over guides or rollers to a height somewhat above the drum
which is to support it whilst being acted on by the brushes, the fabric
is then led downwards and around the under side of the drum, and
afterwards led upwards and carried over rollers upon a horizontal arm at
the top of the framing of the machine; this arm is of such a length as
to extend over the scray which supports the fabric that is to be operated
upon, and to deliver the fabric on to a table. Any of the rollers over
which the fabric is conducted may be covered with card teeth, emery,
sand, or like material, and be driven to aid in causing the fabric to move
forward through the machine or to check its progress. Carved rollers
or cut brushes may be used so as to form a figure on the cloth, some
parts would then be figured and the remainder of the fabric left
untouched. Brass teeth or wire cards or similar arrangements may be
in some cases used in place of brushes. The fabric may also if desired
be caused to pass continuously through the machine until sufficient
color, lacquer, or resist, has been worked into the pile.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 of the Drawings shows a view of a machine constructed in
the manner I prefer; Figure 2 shews a perspective view of the opposite
side of the machine.
A is the scray upon which the piece is laid; B, B, B, are fluted guide
bars, the flutes of which incline from the centre to the ends in opposite
directions, as shown separately in Figure 3, so that the cloth as it passes
over them is extended to its full width, and the picce is also kept suffi-
ciently tight as it is passing through the machine; C is a plain roller,
over which the piece passes; D is the large drum, around which the
cloth is led, on the under side of this drum is a guard of zinc or other
material to prevent it being smeared with color; E, E, E, E, are rollers
over which the cloth is conducted as it passes forwards to the board F
on the table G, where it is cuttled, or if required it can be hooked on to
frames direct from the last roller E; H, H, are boxes containing color;
I, I, I, I, are regulating color rollers supplying the brushes K, L, the
manner in which these rollers are driven is clearly shown by the Draw-
ings; M is a stationary brush carried at its two ends by pins passing
through arms on the framing. This brush can be set up towards the
large drum D by means of screws not shown in the Drawings. N is a
guard to prevent any color from the brushes or rollers falling under the
machine.
When using the machine for tipping piled fabrics I cuttle the piece
straight and lay it upon the scray with the face downwards, and to the
end of it I then attach one end of a piece of canvas or other material, and
to the end of this three or more cords at equal distances, the canvas and
cords being each of sufficient length to go through the machine; I then
pass the cords through the machine, setting it in motion as soon as they
have got under the large drum, and when a portion of the canvas has
passed the brushes the boxes can then be supplied with color or other
liquid, so that the brushes may be fully saturated by the time the picce
comes on to the large drum D. By this means the piece or any number
of pieces joined together will be carried forwards to the board F, and
will be tipped in its progress. The cords and canvas can be taken off as
soon as they have passed the last roller E, and the canvas should be
attached again to the end of the last piece, and it can remain in the
machine till it is required again. The color boxes are now lowered and

page_text: the brushes and color rollers cleaned and afterwards replaced. The
color boxes can be raised or lowered as required, and are made of wood
where the color is used cold, but of iron or other metal where the color
is required to be kept hot. In this case I apply gas jets under the box,
or in place of this a box with a false or hollow bottom supplied with
steam may be employed, or other suitable means for heating the color
boxes may be adopted. The color rollers can be moved to or from
each other by screws or other means according to the quantity of color
required to be put on to the piece by the brushes. I prefer to make
these rollers of cast iron, hollow, with shafts through them, so that they
can be heated by steam if required in order that the color or other
substance may be kept hot. Should the rollers not take up sufficient
color they can be covered with india-rubber or other material to cause
them to take up more. In place of these two rollers I might use what
is commonly called a doctor or scraper, and only one roller working in
the color, but I prefer the two rollers, as if the color or other liquid is
not, well strained this mode has a tendency to pulverize any hard
substance, and the color is thereby applied more evenly to the cloth.
The rollers can be made of any other suitable material, and any number
can be used according to the work required to be done.
In ordinary tipping I prefer to cause the first brush to revolve in the
same direction as the large drum carrying the piece, and the second one
in the opposite direction, as is shown by the Drawings, and I also prefer
to place a little above this second brush a stationary flat brush, as is also
shown by the Drawings, and I regulate the pressure of this brush by
screws, so that it shall just reverse the pile; in addition to these more
brushes, oither circular or flat, can be employed, and they may be caused to
move across or diagonally when the coloring matter or other liquid requires
to be worked deeper into the pile; it is preferable to put the most color
on with the first brush, and for the others to brush it into the pile.
Usually I drive the revolving brushes at a surface speed of about 8 or 9
times the surface speed of the large drum, and the color rollers at a
surface speed of about twice the surface speed of the large drum; but
this may
be greatly varied.
In place of the first brush I occasionally use a wood or metal roller,
either plain or perforated with small holes, when the color is required to
be applied principally to the top of the pile; or the color may be applied
direct to the cloth by means of the upper color roller, which in that case

page_text: I prefer to be made somewhat larger than usual. The brushes or rollers
can by means of screws attached to them be set to any suitable distance
from the large drum so as to brush the cloth lightly or heavily.
As before stated, a figured or carved roller or brush may be used
when only a portion of the cloth is required to be tipped or printed,
leaving the rest of the cloth unstained. In this case it would be
generally preferable for the surface of the brush or roller to move in the
same direction and at the same speed as the cloth.
If it is required the piece can be carried up aloft to its full length on
rollers, as before stated, and made to pass through the machine con-
tinuously till it is sufficiently tipped. In this case fewer brushes may be
used. In some cases heated cylinders could be employed to dry the
cloth previous to its leaving the machine.
In some cases a dry brush may be applied so as to lay down or set up
the pile of the cloth in any desired manner or direction previous to its
being tipped.
It is very important to the working of the machine that the brushes
should be made in such manner as to prevent their warping or changing
their form for the purpose. I prefer to form the brushes of ordinary
bristles set in a strong back, well supported by a number of wings or
arms from the central shaft.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, I would have it understood that what I claim
is,-
Tipping pile fabrics with color, lacquer, resist, or discharge by means
of circular revolving brushes.
I also claim the combined arrangement herein described of apparatus
for tipping piled fabrics.
In witness whereof, I, the said Benjamin Norton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
BENJAMIN NORTON. (L.S.)