IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR STRETCHING, DRYING, AND FINISHING YARN AND WOVEN FABRICS COMPOSED OF COTTON, WOOL, SILK, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1854

page_text: In the Matter of a Patent granted to Thomas Bury, Walter Glover, James
William Speed, and John Hardman, all of Salford, in the County of
Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR STRETCHING, DRYING, AND FINISHING YARN AND WOVEN
FABRICS COMPOSED OF COTTON, WOOL, SILK, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS,"
bearing date the 14th day of February 1854, to which Royal Letters
Patent a Specification was duly filed.
DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION proposed to be
entered by the Patentees of the said Letters Patent, according to the
Statute in that case made and provided.
WHEREAS in the Specification filed to the said Royal Letters Patent, the
Invention was described to consist of improvements in machinery or appa-
ratus for stretching, drying, and finishing yarn "and woven fabrics"
And whereas, since the granting of the said Royal Letters Patent, we, the
said Thomas Bury, Walter Glover, James William Speed, and John Hardman,
have discovered that that part of the said Invention which relates to woven
fabrics is not new: For which reason we wish to disclaim, and we do hereby

page_text: and finishing "woven fabrics;" and make such alterations as will make the
sense of the whole document clear and evident, and which are shewn by
erasures in red ink.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Bury, Walter Glover, James William Speed, and
John Hardman in the, Great Seal, Patent Office on the 14th August
1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, THOMAS
BURY, WALTER GLOVER, JAMES WILLIAM SPEED, and JOHN HARDMAN, all of
Salford, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting...
.
year
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Royal
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of February, in the of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year
of Her reign, did; for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said Thomas Bury, Walter Glover, James William Speed, and John
Hardman, Her special licence that we, the said Thomas Bury, Walter Glover,
James William Speed, and John Hardman, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Thomas Bury, Walter Glover, James
William Speed, and John Hardman, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR STRETCHING, DRYING, AND FINISHING
YARN AND WOVEN FABRICS COMPOSED OF COTTON, WOOL, SILK, OR OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others). that we, the said Thomas
Bury, Walter Glover, James William Speed, and John Hardman, by an
instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and
seal of one of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Royal Letters
Patent.
:
;

page_text: NOW. KNOW YE, that we, the said Thomas Bury, Walter Glover, James
William Speed, and John Hardman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement (that
is to say)
:
Our said Invention' consists, firstly, of machinery or apparatus for stretching,
drying, and finishing silk; cotton, linen, worsted, thread, and other fibrous
materials in the hank, employing either steam or hot or cold air for drying the
goods, brushes: for cleaning and finishing them, and a calender roller when
necessary. Secondly, of machinery-or-apparatus for stretching and drying yarn or
eloth, and afterwards of giving the cloth a swiss finish when required, employing
either hot air or steam, or both combined, when found necessary. The principle of
these machines will be clearly understood by reference to the accompanying
three Sheets of Drawings, in which the same letters of reference. are used
to represent the same parts, where different views of the same machine are
given.
- t
In-Sheet-1, Fig. 1 is an end view of our improved machine for stretching,
drying, and finishing fibrous materials in the hank; Fig..2 is a front elevation
of the same; Fig. 3, a back elevation; and Fig. 4, a plan thereof. Fig. 5
is an end view of another machine or apparatus for producing the same results,
but enabling us to operate upon double the number of hanks at the same time;
Fig. 6 is a front elevation of the same; and Fig. 7,.a plan thereof. Fig. 8 is
an end view of another modification of the last-mentioned machine, in which by
using four levers instead of two the workmen are more independent of each
other. In-Sheet 2, Fig. 1 is an end elevation of our improved machine or
apparatus for stretching and drying either yarn or cloth-and-afterwards-giving
the cloth a swiss finish if required Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the same;-and
Figs. 3 and 4 are views of parts of the said machine-or-apparatus in detail,
and drawn to an enlarged seale. In Sheet 3, Fig. 1 is a front elevation
of another modifica of our improved machine or apparatus for producing the
same effects as the last described; and Fig. 2, an end view thereof. In Sheet 1,
Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, a represents the main side frames, in which are bearings
for. supporting the hollow; cylinder b; and allowing it to turn; c is another
hollow cylinder connected to and turning in the block d, which moves freely in
.slots or spaces in the side frames a: The cylinder c approaches the cylinder b,
and the bank or material e to be stretched, dried, and finished, is placed over
:both; the.cylinder c.then recedes, thereby stretching the hank or material, and

page_text: then for a short time remains stationary, if necessary, for the purpose of drying
and fixing the stretch of the material more effectually. The cylinders then
approach each other; the hank or material is then taken off and another
put on, and the process so continued or repeated. This stretching power is
immense, and is obtained by the pully f turning the pinion g, which acts upon
the large spur wheel h, working into the smaller wheels i, containing the nuts
or threads, which operate upon the screws k, attached to the blocks d. It is
obvious that any length of hank can be acted upon by causing a tappet lever to
shorten or lengthen the traverse of the screws. For the drying process, whether
the material requires sizing or not, we use either steam or heated air in the
cylinders; and also, as required for some kinds of goods, we force a current of
heated or cold air upon them by means of the pipes 1, from a fan or other con-
trivance placed in any convenient position. m is a pinion on the cylinder b,
driven by the spur wheel n. p represents brushes, which we use for finishing
the material, and q a calender roller which may be used when necessary, the
said calender roller being operated upon by the levers r. In Figs. 5, 6, and 7
ef Sheet is shewn a double machine, in which the use of straps or belts is
dispensed with, and the power obtained by causing the distance between the
centres of the cylinders to be lengthened by levers instead of screws. In these
Figs., a represents the main side frames; b, the levers, which move upon the
shaft or fulcrum c; d, the tubular cylinders, which move in slots or spaces in
the side frames; e, the other tubular cylinders, placed in the levers b, and
vibrating with them. The screws f are to adjust the cylinders d, for any length
of hank or material. The cylinders e have motion given to them by means of
the spur wheels g, driven by the spur wheel h, which is made fast to the bevil
wheel. The two wheels turn loose upon the shaft c, the bevil wheel i being
in gear with the other bevil wheel k, on the vertical shaft l, on which is the
worm m working in the worm wheel n, on the shaft o, on both ends of which
are the cranks p, to which one end of the connecting rods q are attached,
and the other to the levers b, which vibrate as the cranks revolve. When
they are at the top of their stroke the hank or material is put on the cylinders
d and e; when at the bottom of the stroke the hanks or materials are at
full stretch. On the return to the top stroke the materials acted upon are
taken off and others put on. rare calender rollers adjusted to each tubula
cylinder, and kept up to their proper position by the screws and springs s
In Fig. 8, Sheet +, is shewn another modification of our improved machine
or apparatus, in which the two levers 6 and 61 are employed at each side

page_text: of: it; each being worked by the cranks p and connecting rods q. It will
be seen that the tubular spindles e act independently of each other. In
both of these modifications the same applications of steam or heated air
to the cylinders are adopted, as well as cold or heated air to the material,
and brushes for finishing the same, as described in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4. In
Sheet 2, Fig--is an end elevation of our improved-machine-for-stretching,
drying, or swiss finishing, which may be used either for yarn or cloth composed
of any kind-of-material. Fig. 2-is a front elevation of the same; and Figs.-3
and 4-are-enlarged-views of part of a chain and two clamps used for holding
the edges of the material to keep it stretched out in the width whilst it is
drying. In this machine the cloth or material is taken up either by pins or the
improved elamps, and is in contact with an immense heat without the apparatus
touching-the stiffened-side, thereby producing a very superior quality of work.
In-these-Figures, a represents the side or main frames, which ean-be-shifted in
and out and adjusted to any required position, according to the breadth-of-the
eloth or material. The front of the frames can be placed inelining inwards-at
the bottom, so that the cloth or material held by the pins or clamps can he
gradually widened out whilst drying. The back of the frames-may-be--parallel,
keeping-the-eloth in the same position for it finally to set and dry before being
delivered from the machine, thus preventing ereases or other inequalities of
appearance. The right and left handed serews b-are used to obtain the adjust-
ment of the side frames, which are hollow, having the ribs e extending the
entire length, and also around the semicireular ends; these ribs form a railroad
or course, upon and between which the pullies d run, being loose upon-their
chafts or axes e. At alternate distanees fixed to the shafts e are the bodies
of the clamps f;-the-intermediate-pullies are kept at their proper distances by
the links-g, which, with the clamps-and-pullies-extending the entire-length of
the frames-and-forming-an-endless chain. The purpose of the clamps is to
take hold of the-damp cloth-or-material when it has arrived at the front of the
machine, then for it to be closed-at-a-certain-point-and-remain so during its
required course, and afterwards to open ready to give up the cloth or material
when finished. Motion is given to the shaft h, which works the eccentrie
wheels ky placed in opposite directions. This contrivance is to give the zig-zag
motion to the eloth or material. When this motion is not required, the shafts
k and 1 are concentric. Upon the shaft I the chain wheels mare keyed, which
acting upon the spindles of the pullies d, move them through their course.
represents the tubes for the steam, of which there are a great number, thereby

page_text: one traverse of it through the machine. o, a box or receiver for-hot-air, fur-
nished-with-pipes or holes, shewn-at-p, to allow jets of hot air to act at certain
positions on the cloth or material, thereby causing a pattern of raised surface.
These tubes--and receiver have plates surrounding them at convenient--distances
in order to concentrate the heat-upon-the-material.-q-shews a part of the cloth
or material, and a clamp on each side holding it. In Fig. 1, the incline for
elosing the clamp-is-shewn at--s, and the one-for-opening it at t. In Fig. 3, a
is the section of framing-;-d, the rollers; e, the shaft ; f the body of clamps,
with-the-part-u, which goes behind-the-cloth-or-material, which is coated with brass
or other suitable-metal-or--material where the grip takes place; the nipper,
also coated with a similar material, turning--on its centre at w, which is acted
upon by the lever-x-and-the-rod-y, when the lever x comes in-contact with the
ineliness and t, on the front and back of the machine. The rod y is furnished
with a spring, which-when-pushed-up is sufficient to hold the cloth-or-material
without endangering the lever or other part of the clamps. In Sheet 3, Fig.
is a front elevation of another machine for producing the same results as the
last deseribed, and--Fig. 9-an-end-view-thereof.-This machine consists of the
drum a, filled with tubes for steam or heated air, to obtain a larger-heating
surface than-has-been-hitherto-obtained-by-machines used for-the-same-purpose.
b-represents-a-hollow shaft, furnished with tubular-arms, for the ingress of
steam-or heated-air, and for the egress of condensed steam, water, and air. On
the sides of the drum are the wheels e, having--rims furnished with pins or
elamps for holding--the--work to be dried-and-finished. These wheels turn either
parallel to each other or diagonally. The wheels o are--made-to-approach-unto
or recede from each other by the sorews-d, to adapt themselves to the various
widths of material to be acted upon. The large-toothed wheel e does not-turn
but the smaller one f turns round it, forming a sun and planet motion. On
the shaft g is the wheel h giving motion to-the-mangle-shaft i, at the end of
which are the pinions which work into the mangle motion k, thus alternately
placing the shaft i in diagonal positions; and giving to the rims-to-which-the
eloth or material is connected a zig-zig motion.¨*.
Having thus fully described the nature and particulars of our said improve-
ments, we desire it to be distinctly understood that we do not confine ourselves
to the exact details herein set forth, as such may be varied or modified without
departing from the principle thereof. But we claim the general arrangement
and construction of the machines or apparatus for stretching, drying, or

page_text: латро аз
mprovements are herein described and illustrated in the accompanying three
Sheets of Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said Thomas Bury, Walter Glover, James
William Speed, and John Hardman, have hereunto set our hands and
seals, this Twelfth day of August, One thousand eight hundred and
fifty four
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Bury, for and on behalf of myself
and the said Walter Glover, James William Speed, and John Hard-
man, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this 20th day of December,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
To the Commissioners of Patents for Inventions.
I hereby grant my fiat, giving leave to the said Thomas Bury, Walter
Glover, James William Speed, and John Hardman, to file in the Great Seal
Patent Office, with the Specification to which the same relates, the within-
written Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration.

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Bury, Walter Glover, James William Speed,
and John Hardman, all of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR STRETCHING,
DRYING, AND FINISHING YARN AND WOVEN FABRICS COMPOSED OF COTTON,
WOOL, SILK, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
Sealed the 28th April 1854, and dated the 14th February 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Bury, Walter
Glover, James William Speed, and John Hardman at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 14th February
1854.
We, THOMAS. BURY, WALTER GLOVER, JAMES WILLIAM SPEED, and JOHN
HARDMAN, do hereby declare the nature of the, said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR STRETCHING, DRYING, AND FINISHING
YARN AND WOVEN FABRICS COMPOSED OF COTTON, WOOL, SILK, OR OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS," to be as follows:
We have arranged and constructed four different machines to effect the
same object. Those represented in No. 1 Sheet of the accompanying
Drawings are particularly applicable to yarns, or what are generally termed
[Price 8d.]"

page_text: hanks. By these machines we stretch, dry, and finish the yarn at the same
time by means of the rollers or cylinders, as shewn in the Drawing, into which
we inject steam or hot air, so that the yarn is dried as it passes through or over-
them. The machines shewn in No. 2 Sheet of Drawings are applicable to
either woven fabrics or yarns, and are composed of a number of tubes or pipes
for steam, hot air, or any other suitable means of heating them, and the
materials to be furnished can be stretched at the same time by opening or
expanding of the apparatus ; and if they be woven fabrics the edges may be
secured either by pins or clams, as may be found most suitable. The principle
of these machines will be clearly understood by reference to the accompanying
outline Drawings.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Bury, Walter Glover, James William Speed, and
John Hardman in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 14th August
1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, THOMAS
BURY, WALTER GLOVER, JAMES WILLIAM SPEED, and JOHN HARDMAN, all of
Salford, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Royal
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of February, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said Thomas Bury, Walter Glover, James William Speed, and John
Hardman, Her special licence that we, the said Thomas Bury, Walter Glover,
James William Speed, and John Hardman, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Thomas Bury, Walter Glover, James
William Speed, and John Hardman, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR STRETCHING, DRYING, AND FINISHING
YARN AND WOVEN FABRICS COMPOSED OF COTTON, WOOL, SILK, OR OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Thomas
Bury, Walter Glover, James William Speed, and John Hardman, by an

page_text: instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal
of one of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Royal Letters Patent
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Thomas Bury, Walter Glover, James
William Speed, and John Hardman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement (that
is to say):
Our said Invention consists, firstly, of machinery or apparatus for stretching,
drying, and finishing silk, cotton, linen, worsted, thread, and other fibrous
materials, employing either steam or hot or cold air for drying the goods,
brushes for cleaning and finishing them, and a calendar roller when necessary.
Secondly, of machinery or apparatus for stretching and drying yarn or cloth,
and afterwards ofgiving the cloth a swiss finish when required, employing either
hot air or steam, or both combined; when found necessary. The principle of
these machines will be clearly understood by reference to the accompanying
three Sheets of Drawings, in which the same letters of reference are used to.
represent the same parts, where different views of the same machine are
given.
In Sheet 1 Fig. 1 is an end view of our improved machine for stretching,
drying, and finishing fibrous materials in the hank. Fig. 2 is a front elevation
of the same; Fig. 3, a back elevation; and Fig. 4, a plan thereof. Fig. 5 is
an end view of another machine or apparatus for producing the same results,
but enabling us to operate upon double the number of hanks at the same time.
Fig. 6 is a front elevation of the same; and Fig. 7, a plan thereof. Fig. 8 is
an end view of another modification of the last-mentioned machine, in which by
using four levers instead of two the workmen are more independent of each
other. In Sheet 2, Fig. 1 is an end elevation of our improved machine or
apparatus for stretching and drying either yarn or cloth, and afterwards giving
the cloth a swiss finish if required. Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the same;
and Figs. 3 and 4 are views of parts of the said machine or apparatus in detail,
and drawn to an enlarged scale. In Sheet 3, Fig. 1 is a front elevation of
another modification of our improved machine or apparatus for producing the
same effects as the last described; and Fig. 2, and end view thereof. In Sheet
1, Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, a represents the main side frames, in which are bearings
for supporting the hollow cylinder b, and allowing it to turn; c is another

page_text: hollow cylinder connected to and turning in the block d, which moves freely in
slots or spaces in the side frames a. The cylindere approaches the cylinder b,
and the hank or material e to be stretched, dried, and finished is placed over
both; the cylinder c then recedes, thereby stretching the hank or material, and
then for a short time remains stationary, if necessary, for the purpose of drying
and fixing the stretch of the material more effectually. The cylinders then
approach each other; the lank or material is then taken off and another put
on, and the process so continued or repeated. This stretching power is
immense, and is obtained by the pully turning the pinion g, which acts upon
the large spur wheel h, working into the smaller wheels i, containing the nuts
or threads, which operate upon the screws k, attached to the blocks d. It is
obvious that any length of hank can be acted upon by causing a tappet lever to
shorten or lengthen the traverse of the screws. For the drying process, whether
the material requires sizing or not, we use either steam or heated air in the
cylinders; and also, as required, for some kinds of goods we force a current of
heated or cold air upon them by means of the pipes 1, from a fan or other con-
trivance placed in any convenient position. m is a pinion on the cylinder b,
driven by the spur wheel n. p represents brushes, which we use for finishing
the material, and q a calender roller, which may be used when necessary, the
said calender roller being operated upon by the levers 1. In Figs. 5, 6, and 7
of Sheet 1 is shewn a double machine, in which the use of straps or belts is
dispensed with, and the power obtained by causing the distance between the
centres of the cylinders to be lengthened by levers instead of screws. In these
Figs. a represents the main side frames; 6, the levers, which move upon the
shaft or fulcrum; cd, the tubular cylinders, which move in slots or spaces in
the side frames; e, the other tubular cylinders, placed in the levers b, and
vibrating with them. The screws fare to adjust the cylinders d, for any
length of hauk or material. The cylinders e have motion given to them by
means of the spur wheels g, driven by the spur wheel Z, which is made fast to
the bevil wheel i. The two wheels turn loose upon the shaft c, the bevil wheel
i being in gear with the other bevil wheel k, on the vertical shaft l, on which is
the worm n, on the shaft o, on both ends of which are the cranks p, to which
one end of the connecting rods 9 are attached, and the other to the levers b,
which vibrate as the cranks revolve. When they are at the top of their stroke
the hank or material is put on the cylinders d and e, when at the bottom of
the stroke the.hanks or materials are at full stretch. On the return to the top
stroke the materials acted upon are taken off and others put on; r, calender
rollers adjusted to each tubular cylinder, and kept up to their proper position by

page_text: the screws and springs s. In Fig. 8, Sheet 1, is shewn another modification
of our improved machine or apparatus, in which the two levers band ', are
employed at each side of it; each being worked by the cranksp, and connecting
rods q. It will be seen that the tubular spindles e act independently of each
other. In both of these modifications the same applications of steam or heated
air to the cylinders are adopted, as well as cold or heated air to the material,
and brushes for finishing the same, as described in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4. In
Sheet 2, Fig. 1, is an end elevation of our improved machine for stretching,
drying, or swiss finishing, which may be used either for yarn or cloth composed
of any kind of material. Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the same; and Figs. 3
and 4, are enlarged views of part of a chain and two clamps used for holding
the edges of the material to keep it stretched out in the width whilst it is
drying. In this machine the cloth or material is taken up either by pins or the
improved clamps, and is in contact with an immense heat without the apparatus
touching the stiffened side, thereby producing a very superior quality of work.
In these Figures a represents the side or main frames, which can be shifted in
and out and adjusted to any required position, according to the breadth of the
cloth or material. The front of the frames can be placed inclining inwards at
the bottom, so that the cloth or material held by the pins or clamps can be
gradually widened out whilst drying. The back of the frames may be parallel
keeping the cloth in the same position for it finally to set and dry before being
delivered from the machine, thus preventing creases or other inequalities of
appearance. The right and left handed screws b are used to obtain the adjust-
ment of the side frames, which are hollow, having the ribs c extending the
entire length, and also around the semicircular ends; these ribs form a rail-
road or course, upon and between which the pullies d run, being loose upon
their shafts or axes e. Atalternate distances fixed to the shafts e are the bodies
of the clamps f; the intermediate pullies are kept at their proper distances by
the links g, which, with the clamps and pullies extending the entire length of
the frames and forming an endless chain. The purpose of the clamps is to
take hold of the damp cloth or material when it has arrived at the front of the
machine, then for it to be closed at a certain point and remain so during its
required course, and afterwards to open ready to give up the cloth or material
when finished. Motion is given to the shaft h, which works the eccentric
wheels, placed in opposite directions. This contrivance is to give the zig-zag
motion to the cloth or material. When this motion is not required, the shafts
h and I are concentric. Upon the shaft the chain wheels m are keyed, which
acting upon the spindles of the pullies d, move them through their course,

page_text: n represents the tubes forthe steam, of which there are a great number, thereby
causing a large heating surface sufficient to dry the cloth or material during
one traverse of it through the machine. o, a box or receiver for hot air, fur-
nished with pipes or holes, shewn at p, to allow jets of hot air to act at certain
positions on the cloth or material, thereby causing a pattern of raised surface.
These tubes and receiver have plates surrounding thematconvenient distances
in order to concentrate the heat upon the material. shews a part of the cloth
or material, and r a clamp on each side holding it. In Fig. 1, the incline for
closing the clamp is shewn at s, and the one for opening it at t. In Fig. 3, a is
the section of framing; d, the rollers; e, the shaft; f, the body of clamps, with
the part u, which goes behind the cloth or material, which is coated with brass
or other suitable metal or material where the grip takes place; », the nipper,
also coated with a similar material, turning on its centre at w, which is acted
upon by the lever æ and the rod y, when the lever a comes in contact with the
incliness and t, on the front and back of the machine. The rod y is furnished
with a spring, which when pushed up is sufficient to hold the cloth or material
without endangering the lever or other part of the clamps. In Sheet 3, Fig. 1
is a front elevation of another machine for producing the same results as the
last described, and Fig. 2 an end view thereof. This machine consists of the
drum a, filled with tubes for steam or heated air, to obtain a larger heating
surface than has been hitherto obtained by machines used for the same purpose
b, represents a hollow shaft, furnished with tubular arms, for the ingress of
steam or heated air, and for the egress of condensed steam, water, and air. On
the sides of the drum are the wheels c, having rims furnished with pins or
clamps for holding the work to be dried and finished. These wheels turn either
parallel to each other or diagonally. The wheels c are made to approach unto
or recede from each other by the screws d, to adapt themselves to the various
widths of material to be acted upon. The large toothed wheel e does not turn,
but the smaller one f turns round it, forming a sun and planet motion. On
the shaft g.is the wheel h, giving motion to the mangle shaft i, at the end of
which are the pinions which work into the mangle motion, thus alternately
placing the shaft i in diagonal positions, and giving to the rims to which the
cloth or material is connected a zig-zag motion.
Having thus fully described the nature and particulars of our said improve-
ments, we desire it to be distinctly understood that we do not confine ourselves
to the exact details herein set forth, as such may be varied or modified without
departing from the principle thereof. But we claim the general arrangement
and construction of the machines or apparatus for stretching, drying, or

page_text: finishing yarn and woven fabrics, and the peculiar formed clams, as all such
improvements are herein described and illustrated in the accompanying three
Sheets of Drawings
In witness whereof, we, the said Thomas Bury, Walter Glover, James
William Speed, and John Hardman, have hereunto set our hands and
seals, this Twelfth day of August, One thousand eight hundred and
fifty-four.
THOMAS BURY.
(L.S.)
WALTER GLOVER.
(L.S.)
JAMES WILLIAM SPEED. (L.S.)
JOHN HARDMAN..
(L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the within-. .
named Thomas Bury, Walter Glover,
James William Speed, and John Hardman,

page_text: En the Matter of a Patent granted to Thomas Bury, Walter Glover, James
William Speed, and John Hardman, all of Salford, in the County of
Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR STRETCHING, DRYING, AND FINISHING YARN AND WOVEN
FABRICS COMPOSED OF COTTON, WOOL, SILK, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS,"
bearing date the 14th day of February 1854, to which Royal Letters
Patent a Specification was duly filed.
DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION proposed to be
entered by the Patentees of the said Letters Patent, according to the
Statute in that case made and provided.
WHEREAS in the Specification filed to the said Royal Letters Patent, the
Invention was described to consist of improvements in machinery or appa-
ratus. for stretching, drying, and finishing yarn and woven fabrics:"
And whereas, since the granting of the said Royal Letters Patent, we, the
said Thomas Bury, Walter Glover, James William Speed, and John Hardman
have discovered that that part of the said Invention which relates to woven
fabrics is not new: For which reason we wish to disclaim, and we do hereby

page_text: disclaim, all parts of our said Specification which may claim any right or
title to the machinery or apparatus described in our said Specification, and
the Drawings accompanying it, relating to the processes of stretching, drying,
and naishing woven fabrics," and make such alterations as will make the
sense of the whole document clear and evident, and which are shewn by
erasures in red ink.
and naising
woven jaories, and make such alterations as win make the
sense of the whole document clear and evident, and which are shewn by
erasures in red ink.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Bury, Walter Glover, James William Speed, and
John Hardman in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 14th August
1851.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, THOMAS
BURY, WALTER GLOVER, JAMES WILLIAM SPEED, and JOHN HARDMAN, all of
Salford, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Royal
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of February, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said Thomas Bury, Walter Glover, James William Speed, and John
Hardman, Her special licence that we, the said Thomas Bury, Walter Glover,
James William Spee 1, and John Hardman, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Thomas Bury, Walter Glover, James
William Speed, and John Hardman, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR STRETCHING, DRYING, AND FINISHING
YARN AND WOVEN FABRICS COMPOSED OF COTTON, WOOL, SILK, OR OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Thomas
Bury, Walter Glover, James William Speed, and John Hardman, by au
instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and
seal of one of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Royal Letters
Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Thomas Bury, Walter Glover, James
William Speed, and John Hardman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement (that
is to say):-
Our said Invention consists, firstly of machinery or apparatus for stretching,
drying, and finishing silk, cotton, linen, worsted, thread, and other fibrous
materials in the hank, employing either steam or hot or cold air for drying the
goods, brushes for cleaning and finishing them, and a calendar roller when
necessary. Secondly, of machinery or-apparatus-for-stretching-and-drying-varn-or
eloth-and-afterwards of giving the-cloth a-swiss-finish when required, employing
either hot-air or steam, or both combined,-when-found-necessary. The principle of
these machines will be clearly understood by reference to the accompanying
three Sheets of Drawings, in which the same letters of reference are used
to represent the same parts, where different views of the same machine are
given.
In-Sheet-, Fig. 1 is an end view of our improved machine for stretching,
drying, and finishing fibrous materials in the hank; Fig. 2 is a front elevation
of the same; Fig. 3, a back elevation; and Fig. 4, a plan thereof. Fig. 5
is an end view of another machine or apparatus for producing the same results,
but enabling us to operate upon double the number of hanks at the same time;
Fig. 6 is a front elevation of the same; and Fig. 7, a plan thereof. Fig. 8 is
an end view of another modification of the last-mentioned machine, in which by
using four levers instead of two the workmen are more independent of each
other. In--Sheet 2, Fig. 1 is-an-end-elevation--of--our-improved--machine-or
apparatus-for-stretching and drying either yarn or cloth, and afterwards--giving
the-cloth-a-swiss-finish if required. Fig. 2-is-n-front elevation of the same; and
Lige 3 and 4-are-views of parts-of the-said--machine-or--apparatas-in--detail
and-drawn to--an enlarged-senle, In Sheet 3; Fig. 1 is a front elevation
of another--modifien of--our-improved machine-or--apparatus-for--producing the
came-effects-as--the last desembed; and Fig. 2an end-view thereof. In-Sheet-1;
Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, a represents the main side frames, in which are bearings
for supporting the hollow cylinder b, and allowing it to turn; c is another
hollow cylinder connected to and turning in the block d, which moves freely in
slots or spaces in the side frames a. The cylinderc approaches the cylinder b,
and the bank or material e to be stretched, dried, and finished, is placed over
both; the cylinder c then recedes, thereby stretching the hank or material, and

page_text: then for a short time remains stationary, if necessary, for the purpose of drying
and fixing the stretch of the material more effectually. The cylinders then
approach each other; the hank or material is then taken off and another
put on, and the process so continued or repeated. This stretching power is
immense, and is obtained by the pully turning the pinion g, which acts upon
the large spur wheel h, working into the smaller wheels i, containing the nuts
or threads, which operate upon the screws, attached to the blocks d. It is
obvious that any length of hank can be acted upon by causing a tappet lever to
shorten or lengthen the traverse of the screws For the drying process, whether
the material requires sizing or not, we use either steam or heated air in the
cylinders; and also, as required for some kinds of goods, we force a current of
heated or cold air upon them by means of the pipes /, from a fan or other co-
trivance placed in any convenient position. m is a pinion on the cylinder b,
driven by the spur wheel. p represents brushes, which we use for finishing
the material, and a calender roller which may be used when necessary, the
said calender roller being operated upon by the levers r. In Figs. 5, 6, and 7
of-Sheet is shewn a double machine, in which the use of straps or belts is
dispensed with, and the power obtained by causing the distance between the
centres of the cylinders to be lengthened by levers instead of screws. In these
Figs., a represents the main side frames; b, the levers, which move upon the
shaft or fulcrum c; d, the tubular cylinders, which more in slots or spaces in
the side frames; e, the other tubular cylinders, placed in the levers b, and
vibrating with them. The screws/are to adjust the cylinders d, for
any length
of hank or material. The cylinders e have motion given to them by means of
the
spur wheels 9: driven by the spur wheel, which is made fast to the bevil
wheel i. The two wheels turn loose upon the shaft c, the bevil wheel i being
in gear with the other bevil wheel k, on the vertical shaft l, on which is the
worm m working in the worm wheel », on the shaft o, on both ends of which
are the cranks p, to which one end of the connecting rods q are attached.
and the other to the levers b, which vibrate as the cranks revolve. When
they are at the top of their stroke the hank or material is put on the cylinders
and e; when at the bottom of the stroke the hauks or materials are at
full stretch. On the return to the top stroke the materials acted upon are
taken off and others put on. are calender rollers adjusted to each tubular
cylinder, and kept up to their proper position by the screws and springs s
In Fig. 8, Sheet-1 is shewn another modification of our improved machine
or apparatus, in which the two levers and are employed at each side
.

page_text: In
of it; each being worked by the cranks p and connecting rods q.. It will
be seen that the tubular spindles e act independently of each other.
both of these modifications the same applications of steam or heated air
to the cylinders are adopted, as well as cold or heated air to the material,
and brushes for finishing the same, as described in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4.
Sheet Fig1 is an end elevation of our improved--machine--for stretching:
4 rying, or-swiss-finishing, which may be used either--for-turn-or-cloth-composed
of-any-kind-of-material-Fig. 2-is-n-front elevation-of-the-same; and Figen
and-4-are-enlarged views of part-of-a--chain-and-twe-clamps-used-for-holding
the--edges--of-the--material-to-keep--it-stretched-out in-the-width- whilst it is
drying. In-this-machine-the-cloth-or-material is taken up-either-by-pins-or-the
improved-elamps, and is in contact-with-an-immense-heat-without--the-apparatus
touching-the-stiffened-side, thereby producing-a-very-superior-quality-of-work.
In-these-Figures;-a-represents the side-or-main-frames--which can be shifted-in
and-out-and-adjusted to muy required position, necording-to-the-breadth-of-the
eloth--or-materia!. The front of the frames-en-be-placed--inclining inwards at
the-bottom-so--that-the--cloth-or-material-held-by-the--pins-or--clamps-enu--he
gradually-widened-out 1st drying. The back of the frames-may-be-parallel.
keeping-the-cloth in the same position-for-it-finally-to-set-and-dry-before-being
delivered--from-the--machines--thus--preventing--creases--or--other-inequalities-of
appearance: The-right-and-left-handed screws-b-are-used-to-obtain the adjust-
ment-of-the--side--frames,-which-are--hollow, having the ribs -extending the
entire-length-and-also-around the semicircular-ends+-these-ribs form-a-railroad
or-course-upon-and-between which the pullies--d-run: being loose-upon--their
chafts-or-axes-e. At-alternate-distances-fixed--to--the-shafts--e are--the bodies
of-the-clamps-f-the--intermediate-pullies-are-kept-at-their-proper-distances-by
the-links--which-with-the--clamps--and--pullies--extending the entire-length-of
the-frames--and--forming an endless chain. The purpose-of-the--clamps in-ta
take-hold of the damp-eloth-or--material-when it has arrived--at-the-front-of-the
machine-then--for-it to be closed-at-n--certain-point-and-remain -so-during its
required-course, and afterwards-to-open-rendy to give-up-the-cloth-or-material
when--finished. Motion is given to the shaft h--which--works--the--eccentric
wheels-k-placed-in-opposite--directions.-This--contrivance is to give-the-nig ng
motion-to-the-eloth-or-material. When-this-motion is not required, the--shafts
k-and-are-concentric.-Upon-the-shaft--1-the-chain--wheels-m-are--keyed, which
mering--upon-the--spindles--of-the--pullies--d--move-them--through--their--course.
n-represents-the-tubes-for-the-steam, of which there-are-a-great-number, thereby

page_text: one-traverse-of it through the--machine---#-box-or-receiver-for-hot-nir, fur-
mished--with-pipes-or-boles-shewn-nt--to-allow-jets of het air-to-net-nt certain
positions-on-the-cloth-r--material, thereby causing a pattern of ruised surface.
These--tubes-nnil-receiver--have--plates--surrounding them-at-convenient-distances
in-order-to-concentrate-the--heat-upon-the--material. q-shows-a-part of-the-cloth
er-material-and-r-n-clamp-on-each-side--holding--it. In Fig. 1 the-imeline-for
closing the clamp is shewn-at-s-and-the-one-for-opening-it-at-t. In Fig. 3; n
is-the-section-of framing; d, the rollers :-e-the-shaft, the body of clamps;
with-the-part-n-which goes behind-the-cloth-or-materinks which is conted-with-brass
er--other-suitable-metal-or-material where the grip takes place -- the Hipper,
also--coated-with-a similar material, turning on its centre at w, which is neted
upon-by-the-lever x and the red y, when the lever x-comes-in-contact-with the
inclines s-and-t-on-the-front and back of the machine. The rod is furnished
with-a-spring-which-when-pushed up-is-sufficient-to-hold-the-cloth--or--material
without--endangering--the--lever-or-other-part-of the clamps. In Sheet-;-Fig-+
is-n-front-elevation-of-another-machine-for-producing the same results-as--the
Inst-described, and Fig. 2 an--end-view thereof.-This-machine-consists--of-the
drum-n. filled with tubes-for-steam-or-heated-nir;-to-obtain a larger-henting
surface-than-has-been-hitherto obtained by-machines-used for the-same-purpose:
b-represents---hollow shaft: furnished-with-tubular arms-for-the--ingress--of
steam-or-heated--air-and-for--the--egress-of condensed-steam, water, and-nir-On
the sides of the--drum--are-the-wheels-e, having--rims--furnished-with--pins-or
elampe for holding the work-to-be-dried-and-finished. These-wheels--turn--either
parallel-to-ench-other-or diagonally. The wheels-c-are-made to approach-unte
or-recede-from-each-other-by the screws-d, to--adapt themselves-to-the-various
widths--of-material to-be-neted upon. The large--toothed-wheel-e-does-not-turu
but the smaller-one-f-turns-round-it; forming a-sun--and planet-motion.
the-shaft-g-is-the-wheel-h-giving-motion-to-the mangle-shaft-i-nt the end of
which-are-the-pinions--which-work--into--the-mangle-motion-k; thus alternately
placing-the-shaft-i-in diagonal-positions-and-giving to the rims-to-which-the
eloth-or-material-is-connected-a zig zig mation.
H
Having thus fully described the nature and particulars of our said improve-
ments, we desire it to be distinctly understood that we do not confine ourselves
to the exact details herein set forth, as such may be varied or modified without
departing from the principle thereof. But we claim the general arrangement
and construction of the machines or apparatus for stretching, drying, or

page_text: In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Bury, for and on behalf of myself
and the said Walter Glover, James William Speed, and John Hard-
-man, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this 20th day of December,
One thousand eight liundred and fifty-five.
Thomas Bury, in the presence
E. J. HUGHES, Patent Agent,
Manchester.
To the Commissioners of Patents for Inventions.
I hereby grant my fiat, giving leave to the said Thomas Bury, Walter
Glover, James William Speed, and John Hardman, to file in the Great Seal
Patent Office, with the Specification to which the same relates, the within-
written Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration.
A. E. COCKBURN.