IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Cole and James Cole, of the Firm of
Cole, Marchent, & Co., Prospect Foundry, Bradford, in the County
of York, Engineers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
ENGINES."
Scaled the 9th June 1876, and dated the 28th December 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Cole and James
Cole at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 28th December 1875.
We, JOHN COLE and JAMES COLE, of the Firm of Cole, Marchent,
& Co., Prospect Foundry, Bradford, in the County of York, Engineers,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows, that is to say :—
Our Invention relates to variable expansion or cut-off valves, worked
direct from the governor by means of friction gear, and consists in the
governor acting on the cut-off valves so as to vary the point of cut-off

page_text: as the load of the engine varies. Should the load on the engine increase,
the governor and gear act on the cut-off valve spindle or rod, extending
the point of cut-off or admission of steam; but should the load decrease,
the governor and gear reduce the length of admission of steam in the
cylinder. For this purpose we employ a governor having two conical
disk plates, made to rise, lower, and revolve with the governor. The
disk plates actuate a cone placed between them, causing the cone to
revolve in one direction when the governor balls rise, and in the opposite
direction when they lower. The cone is fitted on a shaft working in a
bearer bolted to a frame. On the shaft is fitted a worm actuating a
worm wheel fixed on a shaft. On the bottom end of this shaft is fitted
a bevil wheel working in another bevil wheel fitted on the cut-off valve
spindle, which is made to revolve, being actuated by the worm wheel,
and to slide through the stuffing box of the slide valve casing. Should
the speed of the engine increase, the cut-off valves are screwed out and
the steam cut off or reduced, giving the exact quantity of steam for the
load the engine has to turn without wiredrawing the steam; when
the engine reduces in speed, the governor acts in opposite directions
and screws in the cut-off valves, allowing a greater length of time for
the admission of steam, until the required quantity of steam is admitted,
when the governor ceases to act on the cut-off valves until the engine
load varies. An index is fitted on the apparatus, shewing at what
portion of the stroke the valves are cutting off.
The cut-off valves are placed on the back of the ordinary slide valve
or valves, which are constructed with one or more ports to admit the
steam at each end of the cylinder by the cut-off valves, but one steam
port through the main valve will answer for each end of the cylinder.
The cut-off valves are made with left and right hand screws passing
through them, forming the valve spindle.
Engines fitted with our improved expansion cut-off motion require no a
throttle valves, the variation of the cut-off valve regulating the speed of
the engino as the load varies, but a throttle valve can be fitted.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Cole and James Cole in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 27th June 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
COLE and JAMES COLE, of the Firm of Cole, Marchent, & Co., Prospect
Foundry, Bradford, in the County of York, Engineers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of December, in tlio
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in tlic
thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto us, the said John Cole and James Cole,
Her special license that we, the said John Cole and James Cole, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, tho said
John Cole and James Cole, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said John Cole and
James Colc, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Cole and James Cole, do
hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing
hereto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to
say :-
The said Invention relates to variable expansion or cut-off valves,
worked direct from the governor by means of friction gear, and consists
in the governor acting on the cut-off valves so as to vary the point of

page_text: cut-off as the load of the engine varies. Should the load on the engine
increase, the governor and gear act on the cut-off valve spindle or rod,
extending the point of cut-off or admission of steam; but should the
load diminish, the governor and gear reduce the length of admission of
steam in the cylinder. For this purpose we employ a governor having
two conical disc plates, made to rise, fall, and revolve with the governor.
The disc plates actuate a cone placed between them, causing the cone to
revolve in one direction when the governor balls rise, and in the opposite
direction when they fall. The cone is fitted on a shaft working in a
bearer bolted to a frame. On the shaft is fitted a worm actuating a
worm wheel fixed on a shaft. On the bottom end of this shaft is fitted
a bevil wheel working in another bevil wheel fitted on the cut-off valve
spindle, which is made to revolve, being actuated by the worm wheel,
and to slide through the stuffing box of the slide valve casing. Should
the speed of the engine increase, the cut-off valves aro screwed out-and
the steam cut off or reduced, giving the required quantity of steam
for the load the engine has to turn without wiredrawing the steam;
when the speed of the engine diminishes, the governor acts in opposite
directions and screws in the cut-off valves, allowing a greater length of
time for the admission of steam, until the required quantity of steam is
admitted, when the governor ceases to act on the cut-off valves until the
engine load varies. An index is fitted on the apparatus, shewing at
what portion of the stroke the valves are cutting off.
--
The cut-off valves are placed on the back of the ordinary slide valve
or valves, constructed with one or more ports to admit the steam at each
end of the cylinder by the cut-off valves, but one steam port through
the main valve will answer for each end of the cylinder. The cut-off
valves are made with left and right-hand screws passing through them,
forming the valve spindle.
Engines fitted with our improved expansion cut-off motion require
no throttle valve, the variation of the cut-off valve regulating the
speed of the engine as the load varies, but a throttle valve can be
fitted.
But in order to enable our improvements to be better understood, wo
will proceed to describe the same by reference to the accompanying

page_text: Side elevation OSALE
Figure 3 represents a front elevation of governor and disc plate gear,
with variable motion from the cone to the spindle; Figure 4, side
clevation; and Figure 5, plan of the same.
Figure 6, represents a front elevation of cut-off motion gear; Figure 7,
side clevation; and Figure 8, plan of the same.
Similar letters of reference are used in all the Figures to represent
similar parts.
A, column, in which is fitted the governor shaft B. On this shaft are
fitted two disc plates C and D, made to rise, fall, and revolve with the
governor E. The shaft B is fitted in a step F fixed in a bracket G
bolted to the sides I of the bottom part I of the column A. The disc
plates C and D actuate a cone J placed between them, causing the
cone J to revolve in one direction when the governor balls K. rise, and in
the opposite direction when they fall. The cone J is fitted on a shaft L
working in a bearer M bolted to a frame N. This frame is fixed on a
bracket O formed on the foundation plate P of the engine. On the
shaft L is fitted a worm Q actuating a worm wheel R. fixed on a shaft S
fitted in bearers T and T2 bolted to the frame N. On the bottom end of
the shaft S is fitted a bevil wheel U, working in another bevil wheel V
fitted on the cut-off valve spindle W, which is made to revolve, being
actuated by the worm wheel R, and to slide through the stuffing box of
the slide valve casing. Should the speed of the engine increase, the
cut-off valves are screwed out and the steam cut off or reduced, giving
the required quantity of steam for the load the engine has to turn
without wiredrawing the steam; when the speed of the engine
diminishes, the governor E acts in the opposite direction and screws in
the cut-off valves, allowing a greater length of time for the admission
of steam, until the required quantity of steam is admitted, when the
governor ceases to act on the cut-off valves until the engine load
varies.
The cut-off valves are placed on the back of the ordinary slide valve
or valves, which is or are constructed with one or more ports to admit
and
ทะ
elindon be the aut off roles but one

page_text: cylinder. The cut-off valves are made with left and right-hand screws
passing through them, forming the valve spindle.
On the shaft S is fitted a small wheel X gearing into another small
wheel Y fixed on a screw Z working in bearings A¹. On this screw
works an index nut B¹ having a pointer C³, showing on the index plate P¹
at what point the engine is cutting off. The index nut B¹ is caused
to rise or fall by means of the screw Z, and can be made to act either
way.
Should the engine go wrong, or what is commonly called “ run
away," the index nut comes in contact with a forked lever D¹, made
with a bent lever E', in which is formed a catch F¹. This catch keeps
in gear the lever G³, to which is fitted a weight H', and on the lever
is formed a boss on which fits the jaw I¹ of the connecting rod J¹.
The other end of the connecting rod is fitted to a forked lever K¹
working in a bearer I fitted to the frame N. The forked end M of the
lever K³ actuates a catch box N¹ fitted on the shaft S, and gears with
the worm wheel R. The index nut B¹ coming in contact with the
lever D¹ forces the lever up, and disengages the weighted lever G¹,
lifting up the forked lever K' and catch box N' out of gear with the
worm wheel R, stopping the screwing motion of the cut-off valves, and 1
can also be made to close a stop valve, and thus stop the engine;
O', handle fitted on the shaft S for starting, and for preventing the
steam being cut off too soon, and also for regulating amount of
cut-off,
Instead of the cone acting on a worm Q and worm wheel R, the conc
can actuate a spur wheel Q¹ working in an intermediate wheel R', and
actuating a spur wheel S¹ giving motion to a shaft T¹, on which is fitted
a worm U¹ actuating a worm wheel V₁ fitted on the shaft S, and
working by the bevil wheels U and V the cut-off valve spindle W. This
wheel gear
spur
enables us to vary the speed or motion from the cone to
the spindle, allowing the engine to be worked at any required speed, as
the size of the spur wheels can be altered for that purpose.
Engines fitted with our improved expansion cut-off motion require
no throttle valves, the variation of the cut-off valve regulating the
speed of the engine as the load varies, but a throttle valve can be
L

page_text: Having thus described our Invention and the manner of performing
the same, we would have it understood that we do not claim any of the
parts taken separately, nor do we confine ourselves to the details shown
and described, provided that in any variation which may be made the
peculiar character of our Invention be retained; but what we do claim
is, the combination, arrangement, and employment of variable ex-
pansion or cut-off valves, worked direct from the governor, substan-
tially as herein-before described and represented in the accompanying
Drawing.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Cole and James Cole, have
hereto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-sixth day of June, in
the year of our Lord.One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
six.
Witness,
WALTER JAMES TURNER, C.E.,
Patent Agent,
Bradford.
JOHN COLE.
(L.S.)
JAMES COLE.
(L.S.)