Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Sept., 1887
Complete Specification Left, 28th June, 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 24th Aug., 1888
1 JOHN HARGREAVES of Ditton, Widnes in the County of Lancaster, Chemist do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of my invention is to manufacture from waste materials, cement for
use in buildings and otherwise.
Cement under my invention is made from clay or suitable aluminous material
mixed with carbonate of lime obtained by passing carbonic acid through alkali
waste until the sulphur existing in the waste as sulphide of calcium is eliminated in
useful form.
The clay I prefer to employ for mixing with the before mentioned carbonate of lime,
is that obtained as refuse from coal mines.
The clay and carbonate of lime are ground and intimately mixed preferably in wet
or moist condition in a mill or mechanical mixer after which the mixture is if desired
formed into bricks, or blocks previous to or after being burned.
By the use of alkali waste and coal mine clay the heat obtained from the carbon
contained in the said waste and clay is utilized. When bricks or blocks for building
purposes are desired sand is added to the clay and lime before they are burned.

page_text: I, JOHN HARGREAVES, of Ditton, Widnes, in the county of Lancaster Chemist, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to he
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
The object of my invention is to manufacture from waste materials, cement for use
in buildings and otherwise.
Cement under my invention is made from clay or other suitable aluminous material
mixed with carbonate of lime obtained by passing carbonic acid through alkali waste
(preferably when mixed with water) until the sulphur contained in the waste as
sulphide of calcium is eliminated in useful form the residue being carbonate of lime
sufficiently pure to be suitable for use in the manufacture of cement.
The clay I prefer to employ for mixing with the before mentioned carbonate of lime
is that obtained as refuse from coal mines.
The clay and carbonate of lime are well ground and thoroughly and intimately
mixed, in the usual proportions for the manufacture of cement in a wet pulpy
condition, after which the mixture is if desired formed into bricks or blocks previous
to being burned. By the use of alkali waste and coal mine clay the heat obtained
from burning the carbon in the said waste and clay is utilised.
The usual proportions of materials above mentioned are three parts of alkali waste
treated as herein described and one part clay.
Bricks or blocks for building purposes may be made by mixing the alkali waste
.cement with sand, gravel, or other suitable material and moulding in any usual
manner.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is.
Treating alkali waste to eliminate sulphur and subsequently mixing such treated
alkali waste with coal mine or other clay thoroughly mixing in the wet state, drying
and burning and so obtaining cement.
In the process of burning the above mixed agents utilizing the carbon in the waste
to assist in completing the burning.