Improved Apparatus for Use in Lining Casks and like Vessels.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Aug., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 12th May, 1900-Accepted, 16th June, 1900.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Apparatus for Use in Lining Casks and like Vessels.
I, EDWARD HICKLING CHURCHILL, of Wembdon Brewery, Bridgwater, in the
County of Somerset, Brewer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:
-
It has been proposed to line casks and other vessels with coating material such
as paraffin wax and this invention has reference to improved apparatus for the
purpose which apparatus is particularly suitable for use in carrying out the
method of lining forming the subject of my application for Letters Patent No.
23445 of 1898 according to which the lining and partially permeating of a cask
or like vessel (hereinafter included in the expression cask") is effected by
exhausting air therefrom, admitting hot molten paraffin wax to the exhausted
vessel, closing the vessel, rolling or tilting it in such a manner as to cause molten
paraffin wax therein to flow over the interior of the vessel and enter the pores
of its walls, afterwards opening the cask or vessel to the atmosphere and allow-
ing surplus wax to escape.
An apparatus according to my present invention comprises an arrangement
of combined nozzle with tap and three way cock, the nozzle being adapted to
be inserted into the bung hole of a cask to extend into the cask, and to make
an air tight joint with the wall thereof, and the three way cock serving to
enable (1) communication to be established with an air pump or chamber from
which air has been exhausted so as to create a partial vacuum in the cask and
(2) the said communication to be cut off and the interior of the cask to be
placed in communication with a supply of melted paraffin wax (without destroy-
ing the partial vacuum within the cask) thereby causing wax to enter the cask
and the tap enabling the cask to be closed and a partial vacuum to be main-
tained therein whilst the cask is being rolled or tilted or moved about after
admission thereto of melted wax for the purpose of properly coating the interior
of the cask.
Referring to the accompanying drawings which illustrate, by way of example,
one convenient construction of apparatus according to this invention.
Fig. 1 is a central vertical section and Fig. 2 is similar section at right
angles to Fig. 1.
The apparatus comprises a tank 1 for containing the paraffin wax which is
heated by a steam coil 2 in order to keep it in a liquid state. The tank is
mounted on suitable supports and extending upwardly through the bottom of
the tank there is a tube 3 preferably of gun metal the upper and lower parts
of which are provided with stuffing boxes 4, 4: this tube communicates with
the tank 1 through lateral openings 3b and through it there is able to slide a
mine 5 having similar lateral openings 5 the closed lower end of this pipe is
linked to a foot lever 6 pivoted to the tank supports. The pipe 5 is kept
supplied with melted wax from the tank through the openings 3b and 5. Its
per end is fitted with a three-way cock 7, the branch 8 of which is in com-
munication (preferably through a flexible pipe 9) with a vessel 10 in which a

page_text: partial vacuum is maintained by means of a suitable air pump. The upper
end of the pipe 5 is formed with a faced or rubber covered shoulder 5b on which
rests so as to make an air tight joint therewith, a tapered injecting tap or
nozzle 11. This tap or nozzle is fitted with a cock 11ª and has its tapered
portion covered by a sleeve 12, of india rubber or other elastic material capable
of making an air tight joint with the surrounding wall of the bung hole of the
cask when the nozzle is forced into it. The tap or nozzle 11, instead of being
tapered, may be formed with a flange or shoulder adapted to make an air tight
joint with the exterior of the cask around the bung hole. 13, 13 are four idle
wheels or rollers mounted above the tank 1 and which are adapted to support a
cask which is placed thereon bunghole downwards. By operating the foot lever 6
the tap or nozzle 11 is forced into the bung hole, the sleeve 12 then making an
air tight joint between the tap or nozzle and the bung hole. The cock 11ª is
then turned on and the three way cock 7 turned so as to place the cask in
communication with the vessel 10 whereby a partial vacuum is created in the
cask. When the air has been sufficiently exhausted therefrom the three way
cock 7 is so turned as to shut off the cask from the vessel 10 and at the same
time open it to the tank 1, whereupon melted paraffin wax will be forced by
atmospheric pressure up the pipe 5 and through the nozzle 11 on to the heads
of the cask. A sufficient quantity having been admitted the cock 11" is shut off,
the foot lever 6 released and the pipe 5 allowed to become detached from the
tap or nozzle which will be held in the bung hole by atmospheric pressure.
The cask is then rotated upon its supporting wheels. The tap hole of the cask
is then opened and air allowed to rush in causes the release of the tap or
nozzle the surplus wax is then discharged through the bung hole into the
tank 1. The cask is allowed to drain, the rush of cold air through the tap
hole at the same time helping to cool it. The cask whose interior, will thus
have been completely coated with a film or thin layer of wax is then removed.
Apparatus to operate according to this invention may be constructed in various
forms.
Sometimes I use a simple apparatus comprising a three-way cock fitted with
a detachable tap or nozzle which has its branches connected respectively with a
vacuum chamber and with a wax tank by flexible piping the tap or nozzle being
inserted by hand into the cask whilst the latter is lying bung hole upwards on
the ground.
D
11.
111
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Apparatus for Use in Lining Casks and like Vessels.
I, EDWARD HICKLING CHURCHILL, of Wembdon Brewery, Bridgwater, in the
County of Somerset, Brewer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
It has been proposed to line casks and other vessels with coating material such
as paraffin wax and this invention has reference to improved apparatus for the
purpose which apparatus is particularly suitable for use in carrying out the
method of lining forming the subject of my application for Letters Patent No.
23445 of 1898 according to which the lining and partially permeating of a cask

page_text: or like vessel (hereinafter included in the expression "cask') is effected by
exhausting air therefrom, admitting hot molten paraffin wax to the exhausted
vessel, closing the vessel, rolling or tilting it in such a manner as to cause molten
paraffin wax therein to flow over the interior of the vessel and enter the pores
of its walls, afterwards opening the cask or vessel to the atmosphere and allow-
ing surplus wax to escape.
An apparatus according to my present invention comprises an arrangement
of combined nozzle with tap and three way cock, the nozzle being adapted to
be inserted into the bung hole of a cask to extend into the cask, and to make
an air tight joint with the wall thereof, and the three way cock serving to
enable (1) communication to be established with an air pump or chamber from
which air has been exhausted so as to create a partial vacuum in the cask and
(2) the said communication to be cut off and the interior of the cask to be
placed in communication with a supply of melted paraffin wax (without destroy-
ing the partial vacuum within the cask) thereby causing wax to enter the cask
and the tap enabling the cask to be closed and a partial vacuum to be main-
tained therein whilst the cask is being rolled or tilted or moved about after
admission thereto of melted wax for the purpose of properly coating the interior
of the cask.
Referring to the drawings left with my Provisional Specification, which illus-
trate, by way of example, one convenient construction of apparatus according
to this invention.
Fig. is a central vertical section and Fig. 2 is similar section at right
angles to Fig. 1.
The apparatus comprises a tank 1 for containing the paraffin wax which is
heated by a steam coil 2 in order to keep it in a liquid state. The tank is
mounted on suitable supports and extending upwardly through the bottom of
the tank there is a tube 3 preferably of gun metal the upper and lower parts
of which are provided with stuffing boxes 4, 4; this tube communicates with
the tank through lateral openings 3b and through it there is able to slide a
pipe 5 having similar lateral openings 5 the closed lower end of this pipe is
linked to a foot lever 6 pivoted to the tank supports. The pipe 5 is kept
supplied with melted wax from the tank through the openings 3 and 5ª. Its
upper end is fitted with a three-way cock 7, the branch 8 of which is in com-
munication (preferably through a flexible pipe 9) with a vessel 10 in which a
partial vacuum is maintained by means of a suitable air pump. The upper
end of the pipe 5 is formed with a faced or rubber covered shoulder 5 on which
rests so as to make an air tight joint therewith, a tapered injecting tap or
nozzle 11. This tap or nozzle is fitted with a cock 11 and has its tapered
portion covered by a sleeve 12, of india rubber or other elastic material capable
of making an air tight joint with the surrounding wall of the bung hole of the
cask when the nozzle is forced into it. The tap or nozzle 11, instead of being
tapered, may be formed with a flange or shoulder adapted to make an air tight
joint with the exterior of the cask around the bung hole. 13, 13 are four idle
wheels or rollers mounted above the tank 1 and which are adapted to support a
cask which is placed thereon bunghole downwards. By operating the foot lever б
the tap or nozzle 11 is forced into the bung hole, the sleeve 12 then making an
air tight joint between the tap or nozzle and the bung hole. The cock 11ª is
then turned on and the three-way cock 7 turned so as to place the cask in
communication with the vessel 10 whereby a partial vacuum is created in the
cask. When the air has been sufficiently exhausted therefrom the three way
cock is so turned as to shut off the cask from the vessel 10 and at the same
time open it to the tank 1, whereupon melted paraffin wax will be forced by
atmospheric pressure up the pipe 5 and through the nozzle 11 on to the heads
of the cask. A sufficient quantity having been admitted the cock 11ª is shut off.
the foot lever 6 released and the pipe 5 allowed to become detached from the
tap or nozzle which will ve held in the bung hole by atmospheric pressure.

page_text: The cask is then rotated upon its supporting wheels. The tap hole of the cask
is then opened and air allowed to rush in causes the release of the tap or
nozzle the surplus wax is then discharged through. the bung hole into the
tank 1. The cask is allowed to drain, the rush of cold air through the tap
hole at the same time helping to cool it. The cask whose interior will thus
have been completely coated with a film or thin layer of wax is then removed.
Apparatus to operate according to this invention may be constructed in various
forms.
Sometimes I use a simple apparatus comprising a three-way cock fitted with
a detachable tap or nozzle which has its branches connected respectively with a
vacuum-chamber and with a wax tank by flexible piping the tap or nozzle being
inserted by hand into the cask whilst the latter is lying bung hole upwards on
the ground.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. Apparatus for use in lining casks and like vessels comprising an arrange-
ment of combined nozzle with tap and three-way cock, the nozzle being adapted
to be inserted into the bung hole of a cask, to extend into the cask, and to
make an air tight joint with the wall thereof, the three way cock serving to
enable (1) communication to be established with an air pump or chamber from
which air has been exhausted so as to create a partial vacuum in the cask and
(2) the said communication to be cut off and the interior of the cask to be placed
in communication with a supply of melted paraffin wax (without destroying the
partial vacuum within the cask) thereby causing wax to enter the cask, and
the tap enabling the cask to be closed and a partial vacuum to be maintained
therein whilst the cask is being rolled or tilted or moved about after admission
thereto of melted wax for the purpose of properly coating the interior of the
cask, substantially as described.
2. Apparatus for use in lining casks and like vessels constructed arranged and
operating substantially as described with reference to and shown in the drawings.
KAYAYAY
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TAYAYA
2004
For the Applicant,
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agent.