Improvements in retroitum or nyuro-caroon Engines.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 1st June, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 1st Mar., 1895-Accepted, 20th Apr., 1895
Improvements in retroitum or nyuro-caroon Engines.
WILLIAM EDWARD GIBBON 34 Beaconsfield Road Colchester in the County
of Essex Oil Engine Expert, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
In an explosive engine in which the charge is compressed.
In my invention :-
The whole or nearly the whole of the clearance space is provided for in a chamber
called the combustion chamber, the said chamber may be a continuation of the
cylinder, but preferably of much smaller diameter and circular, it may be
placed parallel to or at right angles with the cylinder and connected to the same
by a short neck or passage. The combustion chamber will not be water jacketed,
but will have a jacket in which are certain holes of passages through which the
ingoing air passes to keep the chamber at a low temperature, and also to heat the
ingoing charge of air, utilising the greater part of the heat that now goes into
the jacket water, at one end and farthest away from the cylinder I form a chamber
open to the inside of the combustion chamber and projecting externally to facilitate
heating up at starting which in one part forms the igniter and in the other part
the vaporisor, the igniter may be formed with ribs or vanes or a spiral rib or vane
to collect the heat and to keep the igniter and vaporiser at the neccessary
temperature to vaporize and fire the charge and into this vaporizor the oil is
injected by some suitable means, the ribs or vanes may be made so that they may
be adjusted to give the different firing points for grades of oil. Around the igniter
& between the igniter & port I place a shield or light casting to prevent the
incoming air from getting in contact with the igniter and cooling it, near the igniter
and close to the end of the combustion chamber I place my inlet and outlet port
between the said port and the outlet from the jacket. Surrounding the combustion
chamber I place the valve or valves, which may be a single valve, constructed in
the shape of a piston valve which at one end rests on a mitre shaped head, which
head prevents the force of the explosion or compression getting to the body of the
valve, the body of the valve, which may be worked by a cam or any suitable device
is so constructed that immediately the valve commences to move it opens the exhaust
port continuing the movement it closes the exhaust and opens the air port which
in its turn is closed by the valve returning suddenly to its initial position, to
prevent shocks or noise, I close the end of the chamber containing the valve and
so form an air cushion, and the valve can be made to fall at any desired speed by
adjusting the outlet from the said air chamber.
.
Dated this 31st day of May 1894
Improvements in Petroleum or Hydro-carbon Engines.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GIBBON, of 34, Beaconsfield Road, Colchester, in the
County of Essex, Oil Engine Expert, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to explosion engines.

page_text: According to my invention the combustion chamber which is preferably of
small diameter and circular in section is provided with a jacket through which the
air for mixing with the hydrocarbon vapour to form the explosive charge is drawn,
in order to prevent the said chamber from becoming overheated and at the same
time to heat the air.
The vaporizer and igniter is in the form of a chamber which is partly within
the combustion chamber and partly without; the part of the igniter within the
combustion chamber being surrounded by a shield or casing for preventing the air
entering the combustion chamber from coming into direct contact with the igniter
and so cooling it. The part of the igniter projecting outside the combustion
chamber serves for the application of a lamp for initially heating the igniter when
starting and is also advantageously provided with internal ribs or vanes for
collecting the heat of the lamp as much as possible.
The liquid hydrocarbon is injected into this vaporizer by any suitable means,
for instance by a pump.
In connection with the combustion chamber I arrange a valve-box containing
a valve or valves serving for controlling the admission of air into and the escape
of the products of combustion from the combustion chamber.
To enable my invention to be fully understood I will describe the same by
reference to the accompanying drawings, in which :-
Figure 1 is a plan of an explosion engine having my improvements applied
thereto; and,
Figure 2 is a section of the same on the line 2-2, Figure 1:
Figure 3 is a sectional elevation of the valve-box detached from the engine;
and,
Figure 4 is a vertical section of the valve box drawn to a larger scale than
Figure 3:
Figure 5 is a sectional view also drawn to a larger scale shewing the arrangement
of the oil injecting pump in connection with the vaporizer:
Figure 6 is an enlarged view of a portion of the plunger and pump barrel of the
said oil injecting pump.
a is the framing of the engine, and is the power cylinder which is provided with
a water jacket c in the usual manner.
d is the combustion chamber which is connected to the cylinder b by a short neck
or passage e and which is preferably of much smaller diameter than the cylinder and
placed parallel thereto, as shewn in Figure 2. With this arrangement the passage e
can be formed in a cover which is common to both the cylinder and the combustion
chamber so that by removing the said cover access is readily afforded to the interior
of the said cylinder and of the combustion chamber. is the jacket surrounding
the combustion chamber, g is the valve-box, and h is the valve working therein and
serving both as an air inlet valve and as an exhaust valve, the space i above the valve
communicating by the passage i¹ directly with the interior of the combustion chamber d
whilst the space beneath the valve is in communication through the ports, and
the pipe k with the jacket fand by the ports l, with the atmosphere according to
the position of the valve h.
m, m are holes formed in the jacket ƒ for admitting air thereinto for the formation
of the explosive charges.
The valve which, as shewn, is a mitre valve is provided on its underside with
a hollow cylindrical extension which fits within the valve box g, and is provided
with a series of circumferential apertures or openings n, n', n², n³, n leaving the
solid rings o, o¹, 02, 03, 01 which serve to control the ports j, j, l, l. Any suitable
means may be employed for operating the said valve, but in the drawings I have
represented the valve 'as being operated by a cam p mounted on a shaft making
one revolution to two of the crank shaft, the said cam being provided with a
concentric portion pland with the two lifts p², p³ and operating against a roller q on a
lever q arranged to impinge against the end of the stem r of the valve h, a spring s
being provided for normally retaining the valve upon its seat.

page_text: The operation of this valve is as follows.-During the compression and com-
bustion stroke of the piston the valve i is in the position shewn in Figure 4, the roller
running upon the concentric part pl of the cam p. When the exhaust stroke of the
piston commences the lift p² of the cam lifts the valve from its seat and places
the apertures n³, n of the cylindrical extension opposite to the ports 1, 1 so that
the gases from the cylinder b can pass under the valve h into the cylindrical
extension and thence escape through the apertures n³ n* and the ports 1, / to the
atmosphere. During the time that the ports 1, 1 are open the air inlet ports j, j are
closed by the rings o, o'. On the completion of the exhaust stroke the lift p³ of the
cam raises the valve still further whereby the ports 1, 1 are closed by the rings o³, o*
and the apertures n', n² are brought opposite to the ports j, j whereby, on the
induction stroke of the engine, air will be drawn through the holes m, m into the jacket f
and thence through the pipe k and the ports j, j into the valve-box whence they
pass into the cylinder through the aperture in-the said valve-box. On the
completion of the induction stroke the cam p has moved to allow the roller q to run
on the concentric part pl of the cam, the valve being suddenly moved down under
the action of the spring s.
In order to prevent noise and undue wear of the valve owing to its sudden closing
upon its seat, the lower end of the cylindrical extension of the said valve is made
solid so that the air compressed in the space t beneath the said extension will serve
as a cushion, a small hole or aperture being formed in a well known manner to
allow the air to escape.
u is the vaporizing chamber and igniter which is arranged partly within the
combustion chamber d and partly without the same, the part without being, as
shewn in the drawings, provided with internal ribs u¹, u¹ and being heated for
starting the engine by the flame of a lamp arranged in any suitable manner.
After the engine has been running for a short time the part of the chamber u
within the combustion chamber d will be sufficiently heated to serve as the
igniter.
v is the shield which I place around the portion of the vaporizing chamber and
igniter u within the combustion chamber d for the purpose of preventing the air
entering the combustion chamber from impinging against the walls of the
chamber u and so cooling the same. The said shield v is placed at a slight distance
from the chamber u in order to afford a space into which the gases can penetrate.
w, w indicate respectively the barrel and plunger of the pump which I employ
for injecting the liquid hydrocarbon into the vaporizing chamber u, the said pump
being fixed upon the outwardly extending portion of the said vaporizer and
delivering directly into the end of the same in the direction of its axis. This pump
is not provided with a valve but is constructed as follows and as shewn in Figure 5,
that is to say, in the end of the plunger is formed for a short distance a passage a
which terminates in a cross passage a¹, as shewn most clearly in Figure 6. Around
the barrel w of the pump is formed a chambery and around a portion of the plunger
of the pump is formed a space y¹ which communicates with the chamber y through
a passage y, the said space being kept constantly filled with oil under a slight
head or pressure.
When using light petroleum or paraffine oil the chamber y may he used as a
water jacket, the oil entering the passage y2 from an outside reservoir. With this
arrangement when the plunger is in its lowest position the cross passage.' is in
the space y' so that the oil can flow from the latter into the passage and fill the
space above the plunger; immediately the upward movement of the plunger
commences the passage is moved into the part of the pump barrel which the
plunger fits so that the return of oil through the passage al is prevented, the result
being that the oil above the plunger is injected into the vaporizer u.
The plunger may be operated by any suitable meaus, as shewn it is arranged to
be operated by the impingement of a lever z carrying a roller acted upon by an
eccentric or cam 22, a spring not shewn being arranged to move the plunger in the
reverse direction.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. In an explosion engine forming the combustion chamber with a jacket through
which the air for the explosive charge is drawn substantially as, and for the purposes,
described.
2. In an explosion engine the combination with the combustion chamber of a
vaporizer partly within and partly without the said combustion chamber, the
external portion of such vaporizer serving to facilitate the heating of the same
when starting substantially as described.
3. In an explosion engine the combination with a vaporizer which also serves as
an igniter, of a shield arranged around the said vaporizer substantially as, and for
the purpose, described.
4. In an explosion engine the arrangement of a single valve for controlling both
the inlet of air and the exhaust of the products of combustion, substantially as
hereinbefore described.
5. The manufacture and use of the improved explosion engine hereinbefore
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 1st day of March 1895
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.