IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAVING FLAGS AND TILES
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Hill, of Macclesfield, in the County of Chester,
for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAVING FLAGS
AND TILES"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Heury Hill at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th May 1881.
HENRY HILL, of Macclesfield, in the County of Chester.
THE MANUFACTURE OF PAVING FLAGS AND TILES."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
In
My said Invention relates to an improved manufacture of paving flags and tiles
by means of which an utilisation of the waste stone from quarries is effected, and
also a considerable economy in production is obtained. The Invention consists in
the combination of cement with the stone chips forming the quarry waste in such
a manner as to present a durable wearing surface composed mainly of stone.
carrying my Invention into effect I provide moulds of suitable depth, and of
proportions corresponding to the sizes of flag which it is desired to produce.
Upon the flat bottom of the mould, which corresponds to the top surface of the flag,
I arrange the fragments of hard stone with their broadest faces downwards, and
as closely together as is conveniently possible, and I pour in a "grouting" of
Portland or other suitable cement, which should be sufficiently fluid to enter into
all the interstices between the stone fragments so as to bind the whole into a
coherent mass. The flag is then allowed to set, and may after a suitable interval
be removed from the mould. In order to cheapen the production of such flags I
may pour into the mould just so much Portland cement as will serve to cover and
combine together the pieces of stone, and fill up the rest of the mould with a less
expensive concrete, such, for example, as gravel and lias lime. A flag so composed
will present a wearing surface of hard stone and Portland cement, whilst the
backing consists of a less durable but cheaper material. The flags and tiles
produced as hereinbefore described may if desired be applied to other purposes
than that of paving, such, for example, as facing walls and lining chambers.

page_text: .
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Henry Hill in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 4th November
1881.
HENRY HILL, of Macclesfield, in the County of Chester. " IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF PAVING FLAGS AND TILES."
My said Invention relates to an improved manufacture of paving flags and tiles,
by means of which an utilisation of the waste stone from quarries is effected, and
also a considerable economy in production is obtained. The Invention consists in
the combination of cement with the stone chips forming the quarry waste in such
a manner as to present a durable wearing surface composed mainly of stone. In
carrying my Invention into effect I provide moulds of suitable depth, and of
proportions corresponding to the sizes of flag which it is desired to produce.
Upon the flat bottom of the mould, which corresponds to the top surface of the flag,
I arrange the fragments of hard stone with their broadest faces downwards, and as
closely together as is conveniently possible, and I pour in a "grouting" of Portland
or other suitable cement, which should be sufficiently fluid to enter into all the
interstices between the stone fragments so as to bind the whole into a coherent
mass. In the accompanying Drawing Fig. 1 represents a section of a flag formed
in accordance with my Invention, a, a, representing the pieces of stone and b the
backing of cement. The flag is then allowed to set, and may after a suitable
interval be removed from the mould. In order to cheapen the production of such
flags I may pour into the mould just so much Portland cement as will serve to
cover and combine together the pieces of stone, and fill up the rest of the mould
with a less expensive concrete, such, for example, as gravel and inferior quality of
cement. A flag so composed will present a wearing surface of hard stone and
Portland cement, whilst the backing consists of a less durable but cheaper material.
Fig. 2 represents a section of such a flag, a, a, representing the pieces of stone,
6 the cement, and c the backing of concrete. The flags and tiles produced as
herein before described may if desired be applied to other purposes than that of
paving, as, for example, to the facing of walls and the lining of chambers.
Having now fully set forth and indicated the nature of my said Invention and
the manner in which I carry the same into practical effect, I would have it to be
understood in conclusion that I claim, the formation of flags or slabs composed of
pieces of stone united by cement, substantially as set forth and indicated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Hill, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this First day of November, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty one..
HENRY HILL. (L.S.)