CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRESSING AND FINISHING WOOLLEN CLOTHS
Year: 1829

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
JONES, of Leeds; in the County of York, Brush Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King George tho
Fourth, by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain,
bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-first day of August, One thousand
eight 'hundred and twenty-nine, in the tenth year of His reign, did, for
Himself, His heirs, and successors, give and grant unto me, the said John
Jones, His especial licence, that I, the said John Jones, my exors adiňors,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Jones, my exors, adiñors,
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRESSING AND FINISHING
WOOLLEN CLOTHS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, obliging
me, the said John Jones, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be
inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent,
as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Jones, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and the

page_text: manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described and
ascertained in and by the Drawings hereunto annexed, and the following
description thereof, that is to say :-
Those improvements consist,-first, in applying to the face of woollen
cloths, thin sheet copper or other suitable metal or material, coated in such
cases as require it with japan or other impervious composition, so as to pre-
vent a chemical action between the metal and colouring matter of such cloths
as would be injured thereby when heated with water or steam; or,
Secondly, in applying to the face of woollen cloths, smooth strips of wood
combined together in a series so as to form tables of any required length, for
the same purpose as the metallic sheets above mentioned; and,
Thirdly, in the novel construction of apparatus for applying such mettallic
sheets or tables of wood, for the purpose of producing an even surface and
firmness of texture to woollen cloths.
Fourthly, in an apparatus to be attached to a gig mill or a brushing
machine, for the purpose of distending the cloth whilst under the operations of
raising, dressing, or brushing.
Fig. 1 in the annexed Drawing is a front view of the pressing apparatus;
and Fig. 2, an end view of the same; consisting of a series of hydraulic presses
the cylinders of which, being connected with each other by pipes, cause the
hydraulic rams to act uniformly on the top of the pressing surface, above the
layers of cloth placed between the tables or plates of wood or metal which lay
horizontally in the chest or vat A. The chest is intended to receive cloths
seven quarters wide and ten yards long, so that a cloth twenty yards long must
be doubled in half its length, but it is preferable to have the apparatus suffi-
ciently long to take cloths at their full length, when under the operation of the
pressing apparatus; the chest A is to contain water sufficient to cover the cloths
when pressed down, which water is to be heated by steam or other convenient
means, or steam only may be applied, in which case, the planks of the top
pressing surface or cover a, b, c, d, should be made to fit closely at their joints
and at the edges next the chest, which may be secured by packing to prevent
the escape of the steam. I propose that the chest shall be drawn out from under
the presses when the cloths are to be, introduced into it or when taking out,
which Imay be effected by applying sufficient power to the ring bolts e, e. The
rams in this contrivance are suspended by chains passing over pullies; on end
of each being fixed to the ram plate and the other ends to counterpoise weights
moveable in the columns B, B, B, B, as in the hydraulic packing presses in
Instead of a series of presses being employed, as exhibited in
Figs. 1 and 2 of the Drawing, the chest A may be placed within another
common use.

page_text: receiving vessell, which should be packed round with leather or other fit
material to prevent the escape of the water. In this case the water to effect
the hydraulic pressure is to be injected into tlie space between the bottom of
the chest, and the outer vessel by means of a force pump, in the same manner
as in the hydraulic presses in common use, the pressure being given in this
instance not by lowering the pressing surface, but by raising the chest A, with
its contents, against á fixed' resistance, which may be formed by planks con-
nected by framing to the external receiving vessell, or to cross pieces on which
the vessell may be made to rest.
Fig. 3, 4, 5, & 6 are different representations of the machine for rolling cloth
between surfaces of thin metal, as mentioned under the first head of the
invention. The thin metallic sheets are to be of equal length or a little
longer than the piece of cloth intended to be opérated upon, and of breadth
nearly equal to the breadth of cloth between the lists. A rod of metal is
inclosed in each end of the metal sheet, which are to be fixed in the rollers
by the wedge-formed pieces, as shewn at a, Fig. 6. A represents the iront
framework or standards of the machine; B, a sheet of metal wound tightly
on the roller C; D represents the cloth wound on the roller E.
To commence rolling,-one end of the cloth is placed under the thin
metallic sheet at a, with the pressing roller Y acting upon it. The moving
power is to be applied to the pully G, and the thin metallic sheet is kept
tight and retarded in its delivery to the roller B by the weight W on the
friction lever L, which lever acts against the periphery of the pully 1, and from
its axle a pinion, taking into the wheel 2, causes the wheel 8 on the axle of
the roller B, to retard its rotation. When the whole of the thin metallic sheet
and the cloth are wound on the roller F, the end is made secure by binding it
with canvas; cord, or other suitable substance; it is then to be removed from
the machine and placed in a boiler or cistern of hot water or steam. The
rollers are all moveable from the machine and are driven by means of clutches
b, b,-upon the axles of the wheels 3 & 4. In this machine, as in the pressing
apparatus, I propose also to employ wooden strips closely connected together,
instead of the thin metallic sheets above described.
I now proceed to shew the method of preparing the strips of wood-I take
any of the woods which will not give out a stain, and cut them into pieces of
about one quarter of an inch thick and half an inch to one inch wide, and
of length corresponding to the widths of cloth between their lists. Several
holes are made in the length of each piece of wood, about the middle of their
breadth, the holes of all the pieces corresponding with each other. A number
of these pieces, sufficient to make the required length of table, are placed flat

page_text: way against each other, and screw bolts, made of wire, åre passed through the
holes. A sufficient number of these rails being thus connected and screwed
up tight, the surface on each side and edge is to be planed-smooth, so as to
produce:an even-surfaced table of the desired length. When cloth is to. be
rolled with these wooden surfaces in place of the metallic sheets, it will be
necessary for the rollers receiving them to be of large diameter (perhaps not
less than four or five feet), and the strips or individual pieces must be tapered
on the sides, in order to enable them to lay close together in the way of sectors
of the circle. Under some circumstances I may apply the pressing apparatus
to the dressing of cloths without the metallic plates or wooden tables, and
in such case I should also employ steam or hot water, as above described.
The apparatus for distending cloths in their breadth, when under- the
operation of 'raising or brushing in the gig mill or brushing machine, consists of
a skeleton roller formed of longitudinal rails, as shewn in section-at-Figs. 7
and. 8; the centre pieces a, b, c, are cylindrical. block's 'of 'metal-made..fast to
the axle by wedges or other convenient means, having recesses-cut longi-
tudinally, in them of a T form to receive the sliding brasses, which are made
fast to the under sides of the wooden ribs or rails 'm, seen most clearly in
the transverse section, Figure 8; d, d, are two other cylindrical pieces of
metal which slide loosely upon the axle of the roller; these cylindrical pieces
have each a groove cut obliquely round their periphery, for the purpose of
receiving a small stud or roller x, x, fixed to the inner parts of each. rail m.
These grooves are formed obliquely round the cylinders for the purpose of
causing the ribsto be slidden to and fro.by means of the studs or rollers, a; and
the rails are made to elongate as: the roller revolves during one half of its rota-
tion and to contract during the other half of its rotation: The cylindrical pieces
d, d sliding loosely upon the axle, are prevented from turning-with the roller
by each of the pins e, e, stoping against a projecting piece fixed to the frame
of the gig mill.or brushing machine. Séveral holes are made in the cylindrical
pieces difor the purposing of adjusting these pins. The wooden-ribs or rails
of the roller are notched towards' each end, or covered with plush or other
rough material, in order to make them take hold or adhere to the cloth. The
roller is driven by the travelling of the cloth, which is brought in contact with
it on the shortest side and leaves it on the longer side.
i
In witness whereof, I, the said John Jones, have hereunto set my hand
and seal this Eighteenth day of Feb 1990.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Eighteenth day of February, in
the eleventh year of the reign of His Majesty King George the Fourth, the
said John Jones came before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and
acknowledged the instrument aforesaid, and all and every thing therein
contained and specified, in form above written. And also the instrument afore-
said was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made in the fifty-fifth
year of the reign of His late Majesty King George the Third.
Inrolled the Twentieth day of February, One thousand eight hundred
and think