Improved Apparatus for Heating and Ventilating Rooms or Enclosed Spaces.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 20th May, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 26th Sept., 1893-Accepted, 21st Oct., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Apparatus for Heating and Ventilating Rooms or
Enclosed Spaces.
I, JOHN REYNOLDS, 11 Brixton Hill, in the County of Surrey, Doctor of
Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
My invention relates to improved apparatus for heating and ventilating rooms or
enclosed spaces. According to my invention I utilize the heat of an ordinary lamp,
preferably a paraffin oil lamp, or of a stove or gas flame, for the above stated
purpose in such a manner that the heat is rapidly and regularly transmitted to and
diffused throughout the air of the room or enclosed space in which the apparatus is
placed. in some instances utilize my said apparatus for inducing currents of air
to enter the room from outside through suitably arranged channels, and thus provide
for ventilating the room without causing draughts.
The chief feature of my invention relates to the provision of a large area of
heating surface so constructed and disposed that it will quickly take up the heat
giveu off by the lamp, stove, or other source of heat, and so arranged as to rapidly
communicate the heat so taken up to the air in the room.
According to one mode of carrying my invention into effect I provide an inner
and an outer open-ended sheet metal cylinder which may be made of iron or copper
for example and joined together by radial metal webs or vanes at suitable intervals,
which webs may be straight or curved. The. iuuer cylinder or tube, if intended to
be applied to an ordinary paraffin oil lamp. for example will be made about the
same size as the lamp chimney, and will be so constructed that it can be mounted
on the lamp when the chimney is removed. The portion of the inner cylinder or
case in immediate proximity to the oil reservoir may be covered with some non-
conducting material (such as asbestos cloth) to prevent conduction of heat to the
said oil reservoir..
The radial vanes or webs are proferably constructed to project some distance into
the inner tube or cylinder, or the said tube may be constructed with several inwardly
projecting ribs which being situated in the hottest zone just above or in the lamp
flame become very hot and conduct the heat rapidly to the wall of the inner tube
whence the heat is conducted along the radial vanes to the outer cylinder. The
whole apparatus is made of very light metal and hence is adapted to take up heat
very quickly.
When the apparatus is heated and communicates its heat to the air between
the cylinders and vanes the said air rapidly ascends into the room, and its
place is taken by other colder air from the room which becomes heated in its
turn; the operation being continuous a large upward current of heated air is
thus produced which air rapidly diffuses itself through the room and warms the
entire room.
I sometimes distribute more evenly the heating surface of the vanes or ribs
between the cylinders by stamping out portions thereof to form tongues which I
bend outward to project into the spaces between the vanes. Said tongues may be
of any desired shape, and may if desired be twisted so as to present the broad
sides thereof to the ascending current of air, and so cause eddies as the air
ascends thus bringing the current of air into contact with every part of the heating
surface.
.
I sometimes form each radial web or vane integral with portions of the
inner and outer cylinders, that is to say, I build up the apparatus from a
number of sheets of metal each of which is bent in such a manner that a
portion thereof forms a part of the inner tube, and another portion thereof forms

page_text: a part of the outer tube, said sheets being so constructed that they can be inter-
locked at their edges thus avoiding the use of bolts, rivets, or solder for connecting
the same.
If it is desired that the lamp shall give a small light to light the room at the
same time that it is being used as a heater, as for example when it is used in a bed
room at night, said object may be effected by constructing the inner tube to project
below the bottom of the outer cylinder, and by fitting small mica or other windows
in the side of said tube.to show the light therethrough.
The inner tube or cylinder may be connected with a flue tube which serves to
convey the products of combustion out of the room. I prefer to provide this
outlet tube or pipe with a valve to admit of regulating the current of air to suit
requirements.
In some cases enclose the lower part of the free air space between the two
cylinders and provide a pipe or tube for conducting air from outside the room to
said air space whence it rises into the room. By this means the room is kept
supplied with warmed fresh air and is thus effectually ventilated. The fouled air
in the room finds its way out by way of the chimney and through the usual
crevices around the doors and windows.
I sometimes dispense with the outer cylinder while retaining the inner cylinder
and the radial vanes.
My improved apparatus admits of being constructed in an ornamental manner, as
for instance the radial vanes may be made in the form of petals and leaves of
flowers and plants, the stems being fixed or mounted in the outer cylinder, or in
the inner cylinder if the outer cylinder is dispensed with, or said stems may be fixed
or mounted in any other convenient or suitable position.
Dated this 20th day of May 1893.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Apparatus for Heating and Ventilating Rooms or
Enclosed Spaces.
I, JOHN REYNOLDS, 11 Brixton Hill, in the County of Surrey, Doctor of
Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
.
My invention relates to apparatus for heating and ventilating rooms or enclosed
spaces. According to my said invention utilize the heat of an ordinary lamp,
preferably a paraffin oil lamp, or of a stove or gas flame for heating and ventilating
rooms or enclosed spaces in such a manner that the heat is rapidly and regularly
transmitted to, and diffused throughout, the air of the room or enclosed space in
which the apparatus is placed. I may utilize my said apparatus for inducing.
external air to enter through suitably arranged channels a room in which the
apparatus is placed, and thus provide for ventilating the room without causing
draughts.
An important feature of my invention is that the oil reservoir and burner are
external to the heating surfaces and have inserted between them and the said
surfaces a very bad or imperfect conductor of heat. By this construction the com-
munication of heat to the oil reservoir and burner either by conduction or by
radiation is prevented, and an element of danger such as is present in heaters having
an internal oil reservoir is avoided.
Another important feature of my invention relates to the heating surface which
I construct in a very simple and inexpensive manner.
÷
My said invention also comprises other improvements in detail as hereinafter
described.

page_text: In the accompanying drawings I have shown how my invention may be con-
veniently and advantageously carried into practice.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of the apparatus, a part of the external case being
removed to show the interior.
Figure 2 is a plan of the same.
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Figure 3 shows one of the flat plates or blanks from which I build up the
apparatus.
Figure 4 is a perspective view of a portion of the apparatus showing more clearly
the construction.
Like reference-letters denote corresponding parts throughout the drawings.
A is a cylinder made of thin sheet-metal say iron or copper for example which
are good conductors of heat. It is open at the top and bottom, and is mounted with
its axis vertical on legs or standards B. C is a smaller inner cylinder concentric
with the outer cylinder A. Said cylinder C is also open at both ends and is of the
same length and made of the same metal as the outer cylinder A. If the apparatus
is intended to be used with an ordinary paraffin lamp, the inner cylinder C will be
made about the same diameter as the lamp chimney.
The cylinders A and C are secured together by metal radial webs D which may
be straight or curved. In the construction illustrated which is the one I prefer to
adopt the two cylinders A and C are built up from metal sheets or blanks inter-
locked with each other, no bolts, rivets, solder or the like being used to hold the
parts together. Each one of the said sheets or blanks is constructed to form part
of the inner cylinder, one of the radial webs, and part of the outer cylinder. In the
apparatus illustrated the two cylinders A, C and the radial webs are made from
eight sheets of metal suitably perforated to form the blanks and then bent and
interlocked the one with the other to build up the apparatus as hereinafter
described.
One such blank is shown in Figure 3 as it appears before being bent. At one
side of this blank I forn a number of parallel horizontal slits a extending from the
edge for a suitable distance into the sheet. Every alternate tongue of metal a' thus
formed by the slits is intended to be used for locking with the neighbouring sheet
as hereinafter described, and the intermediate tongues are bent to form radial
strips clearly shown in Figures 2 and 4 projecting into the inner cylinder. A little
distance from the inner ends of the slits a are formed a row of vertical slots beach
of a size adapted to receive one of the tongues a' of an adjoining sheet. The plain
space c between the ends of the horizontal slits a and the vertical slots b forms when
the sheet is in place a portion of the inner cylinder C. dd are U-shaped slits
made in the blank. The tongues d' d' formed by said slits are intended to be pushed
out and preferably twisted as seen in Figures 2 and 4. Next the slits d d are
formed other vertical slots e e. The portion of the sheet or blank between the
series of vertical slots band e e forms the radial webs between the inner and outer
cylinders, and the part g of the sheet from the slots e e to the edge forms a portion
of the outer cylinder A. In the latter part of the sheet I cut U-shaped slits /
and I turn outwards the tongues h¹ thus formed for a purpose hereinafter explained.
ii are tongues projecting from the edge of the blank, level with, and the same
in number as, the vertical slots e e. Said tongues are intended to be passed
through the corresponding slots e e of an adjacent sheet or blank and locked
therewith.
Having thus fully described the construction of one of the sheets or blanks it will
be clear how several such can be put together to build up the apparatus. A number
of such blanks say eight are taken and each one is bent to the form indicated for
example in Figures 2 and 4. They are then locked together to form a rigid
structure by passing the tongues ii at the edge of each blank through the corre-
sponding slots e e of the adjacent sheet or blank and bending said tongues when so
inserted in a manner that will be well understood from Figure 4, and also by passing
the alternate tongues a' a' at the other edge of each sheet through the corresponding

page_text: slots bb of 'the adjacent sheet and' bending the same until they are closely applied
to the part c of said adjacent sheet. The intermediate tongues at a are then bent
in a radial direction, and the tongues d' d' are pushed out to occupy an intermediate
position between the radial webs and are preferably twisted as indicated in
Figures 2 and 4, to present to a slight extent their broad sides to the ascending
current of air and so cause eddies, thus bringing the current of air into contact
with every part of the heated surface. The radial tongues a' are arranged to
present their sharp edges towards the ascending current of heated air without
baffling or obstructing the same more than is absolutely unavoidable and so
allow the utmost freedom of upward movement of the heated air and products of
combustion.
The apparatus thus made is mounted on the legs or standards B and is then
furnished with handles E by which it can be conveniently lifted and transported
from place to place. The handles E may be covered with a non-conducting
material so that they can be touched without risk. of burning the fingers.
F indicates' a' paraffin oil lamp which is supported on the horizontal cross stays B¹
of the legs B and therefore is carried by and travels with the heater when the latter
is moved about.
G is a thin metal tube which is secured in the lower end of the inner cylinder C
and projects downward to a short distance above the top of the lamp flame. The
lower edge G of this tube is curved inward as shown' thereby causing a sharp
inward draught which operates to promote perfect combustion and avoids smoke
and that unpleasant sinell which is so objectionable in many oil stoves. H is a thin
transparent tube or chimney made preferably of mica that surrounds the flame of
the lamp and is made to slide up and down on the tube G thus allowing the lamp or
burner to be removed very easily for trimming and cleaning. The transparent
tube H is particularly useful in bedrooms for example where it is desirable that the
apparatus shall give out some light as well as heat. If desired an external opaque
tube may be mounted on the transparent tube H in such a manner that by raising
and lowering the same the light may be more or less obscure. The flame may be
surrounded moreover with cathedral glass or other ornamental cover to increase the
attractiveness of its appearance. The mica tube H being a bad conductor transmits
'but very little heat to the lamp. 'The latter therefore remains quite cool and no
danger of overheating the oil is experienced. By placing the lamp outside the
'heater and separating it therefrom' by a bad conductor I not only avoid an element
of danger present in heaters where the heat is liable to be conducted to the oil
lamp, but also avoid the vapourization of the oil which usually clings to the
various parts of the lamp, which vapourization would contribute to produce a
disagreeable ódour. In lieu of a tube H made of mica' I may employ one made of
glass or tale or other non-conductor, or 'in cases where light is'not required, I may
use a tube made of asbestos.
When 'the lamp is lit, the inwardly projecting radial strips or tongues a" which
are situated in the hottest zone just above 'the lamp flame become very hot and
conduct the heat rapidly to the wall of the inner tube whence the heat passes along
the radial vanes to the outer cylinder.
The whole apparatus being thus heated communicates its heat freely to the air
between the 'cylinders and webs, which air rapidly ascends into the room; and its
place is taken by other colder air from the room which becomes heated and rises'in
its turn; the operation is continuous and a large upward current of heated air is
produced which air rapidly 'diffuses itself through and warms 'the entire room.
While a lateral rush of outside air is prevented by the apparatus from disturbing
the upward current of heated air, the outwardly projecting lips-h" on the "outer
cylinder A serve to gently divert the air which rises up the outside of the cylinder
and to pass a portion of the same' through 'the slots into the 'cylinder where it
mixes with the hotter air inside.
The inner tube or cylinder may be connected with a 'flue' tube which serves 'to

page_text: convey the products of combustion out of the room. In case such outlet tube is
used I prefer to furnish it with a valve to admit of regulating the current of air as
required.
In some cases I close the lower part of the free air space between the two
cylinders and provide a pipe or tube for conducting air from outside the room to
said air space whence it rises into the room. By this means the room is kept
supplied with warmed fresh air and is thus effectually ventilated. The fouled air
in the room makes its exit by way of the chimney and through the usual crevices
around the doors and windows.
I sometimes dispense with the outer cylinder while retaining the inner cylinder
and the radial vanes.
My improved apparatus may be constructed in an ornamental manner, for
instance the radial vanes may be made in the form of petals and leaves of flowers
and plants, the stems being fixed or mounted on the outer side of the outer cylinder
or on the outer side of the inner cylinder if the outer cylinder is dispensed
with, or said stems may be fixed or mounted in any other convenient or suitable
position.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is—
1. An apparatus such as that herein described, consisting of the air heating
portion in combination with a lamp, stove, or the like, external to the said air
heating portion, for the purpose specified.
2. The sliding chimney of glass, mica, talc, asbestos or other bad or imperfect
conductor, which prevents the communication of heat from the air heating part of
the apparatus to the oil reservoir, for the purpose specified.
3. The addition or attachment to the lower end of the inner cylinder of a piece
of metallic tubing the lower end of which is bent or curved inwards at its edge,
substantially as, and for the purpose, specified.
4. The arrangement of the said metallic tubing so that the glass, mica
or other chimney can slide thereon, substantially as, and for the purpose,
specified.
5. The cylindrical part of the apparatus built up of the peculiarly formed plates,
shaped and attached to each other as herein set forth.
6. The peculiar arrangement of the slits and tongues in the outer casing,
substantially as, and for the purpose, specified.
7. In the aforesaid apparatus, the pieces of sheet metal which project into the
inner cylinder arranged to present their sharp edges towards the ascending heated
column, substantially as described, for the purpose specified.
8. An apparatus constructed substantially as specified with reference to the
accompanying drawings for the purposes specified.
Dated this 26th day of September 1893.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.