Improvements in Hydro-carbon Motors.
Year: 1896

page_text: Improvements in Hydro-carbon Motors.
We, EDMUND WISEMAN and JOHN HOLROYD both of Cheapside, Luton in
the County of Bedford do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in the engines described in the Specifi-
cation No. 7521 of the year 1888 and No. 11369 of the year 1894.
We now combine the heaters and vaporisers described in these specifications
that is to say we form annular passages around the end of the cylinder and above
these we place a chamber or block heated by conduction from the cylinder and
containing a circuitous passage the ends of which are connected to the annular
passages.
Two air supplies are provided one leads into one of the annular chambers,
and after passing around this enters one end of the circuitous passage near which
it meets the hydrocarbon and the two together traverse to the other end of the
circuitous passage and pass to another annular chamber and from thence through a
valve operated by the governor or otherwise to the inlet valve of the cylinder
where they encounter the other air supply which has become heated by traversing
other annular passages.
The inlet valve is placed in a casing at the end of an axial pipe projecting from
the end of the cylinder.
The air supply pipes may either lead to the open air or to a reservoir placed
below the engine. One end of the cylinder may be used as a pump air being
drawn into it through a valve at the mistroke of the piston and expelled into the
reservoir at the outstroke.
The exhaust port from the cylinder is provided with a valve operated by a cam
or otherwise and near this is placed a supplementary air admission valve which
may be operated by the suction of the piston or mechanically.
The hydrocarbon is supplied to the circuitous passage by an improved measuring
device consisting of an oscillating cone contained in a conical shell in or connected
to an oil reservoir. The oscillating cone has a hole diametrically through it, one
end of which comes alternately opposite inlet and outlet ports through the shell,
whilst the other is alternately covered by the shell and comes opposite to a vent or
air pipe. A spindle fixed to the apex of the cone passes out through a spring
box containing a helical spring pressing on two collars one fixed to the spindle and
the other loose upon it and bearing against the end of the spring box. By this
means a tight joint is made between the cone and the shell.
A lamp or burner is provided to heat the vaporiser on starting the engine the
flame being preferably made to play into the annular space between the axial
charge supply pipe and the inside of the projecting walls of the cylinder containing
the annular passages. Preferably the flame is directed horizontally by a burner
constructed in the following manner :-The base plate is fixed to the top of the
axial charge supply pipe and contains within it a passage connected to an oil supply
and to a conical jet or nozzle above the base plate and pointing horizontally across
it. This nozzle is provided with the usual regulating needle. Opposite the nozzle
is a horizontal tube fixed to the base plate and having within it a diaphragm of
wire gauze or the like. When the lamp is started the base plate becomes hot so

page_text: that the oil passing through the passage in it becomes vaporized and issuing from
the nozzle mixes with the air and becomes ignited at the far end of the horizontal
tube.
1000
EDMUND WISEMAN.
JOHN HOLROYD.
We, EDMUND WISEMAN and JOHN HOLROYD both of Cheapside, Luton in
the County of Bedford do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what "
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in the engines described in the specifi-
cation No. 7521 of the year 1888 and No. 11369 of the year 1894.
We now combine the heaters and vaporisers described in these specifications
that is to say we form annular passages around the end of the cylinder and above
these we place a chamber or block heated by conduction from the cylinder and
containing a circuitous passage the ends of which are connected to the annular
passages.
Two air supplies are provided one leads into one of the annular chambers, and
after passing around this enters one end of the circuitous passage near which it
meets the hydrocarbon and the two together traverse to the other end of the
circuitous passage, and pass to another annular chamber and from thence through
a valve operated by the governor or otherwise to the inlet valve of the cylinder
where they encounter the other air supply which has become heated by traversing
other annular passages.
The inlet valve is placed in a casing at the end of an axial pipe projecting from
the end of the cylinder.
The air supply pipes may either lead to the open air or to a reservoir placed
below the engine. One end of the cylinder may be used as a pump air being
drawn into it through a valve at the instroke of the piston and expelled into the
reservoir at the outstroke.
The exhaust port from the cylinder is provided with a valve operated by a cam
or otherwise and near this is placed a supplementary air admission valve which may
be operated by the suction of the piston or mechanically.
The hydrocarbon is supplied to the circuitous passage by an improved measuring
device consisting of an oscillating cone contained in a conical shell in or connected
to an oil reservoir. The oscillating cone has a hole diametrically through it, one
end of which comes alternately opposite inlet and outlet ports, through the shell,
whilst the other alternately comes opposite to a vent and to an air pipe. A spindle
fixed to the apex of the cone passes out through a spring box containing a helical
spring pressing on two collars one fixed to the spindle and the other loose upon it
and bearing against the end of the spring box. By this means a tight joint is
made between the cone and the shell.
A lamp or burner is provided to heat the vapouriser on starting the engine the
flame being preferably made to play into the annular space between the axial
charge supply pipe and the inside of the projecting walls of the cylinder containing
the annular passages. Preferably the flame is directed horizontally by a burner
constructed in the following manner. The base plate is fixed to the top of the
axial charge supply pipe and contains within it a passage connected to an oil

page_text: supply and to a conical jet or nozzle above the base plate and pointing horizontally
across it. This nozzle is provided with the usual regulating needle. Opposite the
nozzle is a horizontal tube fixed to the base plate and having within it a diaphragm
of wire gauze or the like. When the lamp is started the base plate becomes hot
so that the oil passing through the passage in it becomes vaporized and issuing
from the nozzle mixes with the air and becomes ignited at the far end of the
horizontal tube.
Figure 1 is a central longitudinal vertical section, Figure 2 a transverse vertical.
section (on the line 2. 2 Figures 1 and 3) and Figure 3 a plan of so much of a
motor as is necessary to illustrate this invention.
a is the cylinder carried on a hollow bed b which forms an air reservoir. 6' is
a pipe passing through the reservoir 6 having an air admission valve 63 at its
lower end and a branch pipe 68 near its middle with an emission valve 6 leading
into the reservoir b. a¹ a a³ a' are annular passages formed in the walls of the
end of the cylinder. c is a pipe opening into the reservoir 6 and having two
branches e leading respectively into the annular passages a¹ and a³. d is a pipe
leading from the annular passage a to the end of the pipe e whose other end is
open to the cylinder and is a valve between the two pipes. g is a pipe leading
from the annular passage a² to the pipe d just below the valve fand is a valve on.
the pipe g. j is a casting on the top of the cylinder a and having within it a.
circuitous passage j¹ having its ends connected to the annular passages a¹ and a²..
kis the oil supply apparatus shewn to a larger scale at Figures 4 and 5. is the
lamp shewn to a larger scale at Figures 6 and 7. m is the exhaust port leading to
a chamber in which there is an exhaust valve n and an air admission valve o. The
valve n is opened once in every two revolutions of the crank shaft by any ordinary
gearing which is not shewn, the valve is operated by the governor in the usual
way so that the supply of hydrocarbon vapour is stopped when the engine is.
running too fast, the valves f and o are operated by the suction of the piston but
they may also be acted on by the governor to prevent the cooling of the engine
when running light.
Figure 4 is a vertical longitudinal section and Figure 5 an end elevation of the
oil supply apparatus. In these figures k is a reservoir having within it a conical
shell through which are two diametrically opposite horizontal holes one leading
into the reservoir and the other to the air pipe k, and also two vertical holes one-
leading to the bottom of the air pipe k connected to the reservoir b and the other
to the top of the pipe leading into the passage (Figure 1). ke is a solid
conical plug in the shell k² and having a hole passing diametrically through it
alternately connecting k with a when oil enters it and with when the oil is
sucked out of it by the out stroke of the piston. k' is a spindle fixed to the plug
and carrying a pinion or quadrant k gearing with a pinion or quadrant to which
an oscillating motion is given by means not shown. 10 is a collar fixed to the
spindle and k a collar loose on it. 12 is a spring tending to force the
collars and k apart and so keep the plug ke tight in the shell k. k¹³ is a screw
cap closing the end of the shell and ki is a pipe admitting air to the top of the.
reservoir kl.
Figure 6 is a side elevation and Figure 7 an underside view of the lamp or
burner. is the base plate screwing onto the top of the pipe e (Figure 1) and
is a passage formed in it, which is connected to an oil supply pipe 13 and to the
nozzle . 1 is a regulating needle in the nozzle. 1 is a tube fixed to the base
plate and is a diaphragm of wire gauze in it.
In starting the engine the axial pipe or annular chamber or both are heated in
any convenient manner and then as soon as the hydrocarbon in the passage 12
vaporises the burner / may be ignited to assist in the heating of the engine so as

page_text: to obtain an earlier start. It is also used to maintain the heat of the engine when
running light or during stoppages. In ordinary work however the engine is self
igniting. The lamp 7 may either be fixed to the top of the axial pipe as shown or
the bottom.
The engine shown is designed to work with a four stroke cycle, the instroke of
the piston after an explosion sweeping out the products of combustion through the
exhaust port m and valve n which is automatically opened at this time. The
ensuing outstroke draws in a heated mixture of hydrocarbon vapour and air
through the valve and of air through the valve o, the next instroke compresses the
charge which automatically ignites and so completes the cycle. Some of the
improvements are however applicable to engines working with other cycles.
The reservoir b may also be dispensed with and the engine be made with an open
ended cylinder. In some cases also the annular passages a¹ a² a³ a' may be omitted
bringing the block or casting containing the circuitous passage into direct contact
with the cylinder, and the air be heated by other means.
Figures 8, 9, 10 and 11 show such a modification. Figure 8 is a side elevation
and Figure 9 a plan. Figure 10 is a section on the line 10-10 Figures 8 and 9
and Figure 11 is a horizontal section on the line 11-11 Figure 10. In this case
the air heated by the exhaust or otherwise is admitted at f¹ directly to the valve f
whilst the oil and it may be some air also is led by the pipe 16 from the nozzle
of the measurer (Figures 4 and 5) which is not shown into the circuitous passage j
and from thence passes by the annular passage a² into the pipe g made in one
piece with the pipe e and so to the valves h and f and so to the cylinder.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. The combination of the annular passages for heating the air with the circuitous
passage for heating the mixed air and vapour substantially as described. .
2. Placing the block or casting containing the circuitous passage upon and in
direct contact with the cylinder substantially as described.
3. Leading the charge of heated air and heated hydrocarbon vapour to an inlet
valve at the end of an axial pipe open to the cylinder substantially as described.
4. Making the pipe by which the hydrocarbon vapour or hydrocarbon vapour
and air is led from the heater to the inlet in one piece or in contact with the pipe
opening into the cylinder substantially as described.
5. The combined means for heating and supplying the air and hydrocarbon
vapour to the cylinder substantially as described and with or without the
reservoir b.
6. Hydrocarbon-motors substantially as described and shown at Figures 1 to 3.
7. Hydrocarbon-motors substantially as described and shown at Figures 8 to 11.
8. The hydrocarbon measuring device substantially as described and shown at
Figures 4 and 5.
9. The combination with the axial pipe of a lamp or burner having in it a
passage supplied with hydrocarbon which is vaporized by the heat conducted from
the pipe substantially as described.
10. The combination of the axial pipe and the burner or lamp substantially as
described and shown at Figures 6 and 7.
Dated this 10th day of June 1896
EDMUND WISEMAN.
JOHN HOLROYD.