Improvements in Water Tube Boilers.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Mar., 1898-Accepted, 4th Apr., 1899
Improvements in Water Tube Boilers.
I, DESIDER ADORJAN, of VII Kertesz Street, 53, Budapest, Hungary, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:.
-
My invention relates to water tube boilers, and has for its object the con-
struction of a steam generator of this kind, in which a considerably better circu-
lation of the water is obtained than heretofore by the peculiar disposition of the
tubes and connection of the same with the steam dome. This improved steam
generator will take up but little room, will not obstruct the free expansion of the
tubes, and will permit at any time an enlargement of the heating surface. My
invention furthermore comprises certain modifications, an improved manner of
placing the tubes to permit of their being cleaned with facility, and improved
means for closing the openings in the boxes in which the tubes are held.
In the annexed drawings, in which these improvements are shown, Figure 1
is a longitudinal vertical section of a steam generator, and Figure 2 is a vertical
cross section of the same. Figures 3 and 4 show in similar section a modified
steam generator with hanging tubes. Figure 5 shows in top view one of the steam
distributing shields placed in the steam dome above the pipes H, of Figures 3
and 4. Figure 6 shows this pipe H in cross section. Figures 7, 8 and 9 show in
three modifications a device for closing the openings in the tube boxes.
As will be seen from the Figures 1 and 2 the generator consists of a number
of vertical tubes A which are connected in rows by independent top and bottom
boxes B and C, in such manner, that a series of batteries of parallel tubes is
formed, which are independent of each other. Above the level of the top boxes B
one or several steam domes E are placed. In the drawing only one steam dome E
is shown. At the level of the lower boxes C, or slightly below the same, a tubular
or other receptacle F is placed, which communicates by a large pipe G with the
lower part of the steam dome. The lower boxes Care connected with the recep-
tacle by pipes f, and the upper boxes B with the steam dome by pipes H.
The hydrostatic pressure of the mixture of steam and water contained in the
tubes A being considerably less than that of the water column in the large
pipe G, a strong circulation is produced, as the water in the tubes A will
always move in an upward direction, the watter in the
following in the opposite direction.
pipe G
As long as the generator is working
no compensation of pressure can take place, fresh steam always being produced
upon the heating surfaces. The water moving with comparatively low velocity
in the bottom receptacle F, this may be used as a mud collector.
By the described disposition, a limited number of tubes A formed into a battery
by a top box B and a bottom box C, each of these batteries being independently
connected with the steam dome and with the receptacle F, the free expansion of
the tubes is permitted. A steam generator of this kind occupies very little space,
and offers the great advantage that the heating surface can at any time be
increased with facility by the addition of new batteries of the described kind,
Price 1

page_text: A modification of this generator is shown in Figures 3 and 4. Here the lower
boxes C have been omitted, and the ordinary tubes A have been replaced by Field
tubes A. In order to again produce the desired circulation, the construction of
the top boxes B and of the pipes H connecting them with the steam dome E has
been modified in so far, as both have been separated into two parts or chambers, the
boxes by a partition 6 and the pipes by a partition h. In the lower spaces thus
formed, the mixture of steam and water can rise into the steam dome, while the
water follows in downward direction through the upper spaces, the inside tubes
of the Field tubes communicating with the top space of the boxes B, and the
outside ones with the lower space of these boxes.
The pipes H extend a short distance into the steam dome E, so that the water
at the bottom of the latter is excluded from the circulation, so that mud and other
deposits from the water may collect at the bottom of the steam dome.
At a short distance above each of the pipes H a hood or plate I is placed below
the water level for the purpose of a uniform distribution of the steam as it is
being generated. This plate I is provided with flaps or wings which are set
at an angle in the manner of a wind wheel or propeller. The steam entering the
dome E from below, will collect underneath these winged plates I, the wings i
producing a whirling movement of the water as the steam passes them in rising.
By this device an even distribution of the steam is obtained, and the production
of dry steam is favoured.
In order to facilitate the cleaning of the boiler the boxes B and C are provided
with lateral ribs, lugs or projections k, by which they are held apart, so that spaces
are formed between the boxes, which permit the introduction of scrapers, brushes
and such like for removing soot, ashes and dirt from the tubes.
When the nut
The holes in the boxes B and C, through which the tubes are introduced, are
closed by the device shown in Figure 7. This device consists of the closing
plate n into which the screw bolt m₁ is fastened, and of the top plate m. At the
bottom the hole in the tube box is slightly enlarged, while the diameter of the
closing plate is slightly reduced at the top. Thus a space is formed for the
reception of a gasket of copper or any other suitable material.
of the bolt m¹ is drawn tight, the plate m resting upon the top of the box, the
gasket is tightened in its bearings. An increase of the inside pressure will only
increase the tightness of the joint, but the gasket can never be drawn or driven
through the hole, the larger outside diameter of the plate n being greater than
the smaller diameter of the hole, when the thickness of the gasket is added to
the former.
Instead of forming a shoulder in the hole of the tube box, as shown in Figure 7,
this hole may be formed conical as shown in Figure 8, or the plate n may be
conical as shown in Figure 9.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. A steam generator, composed of sets or series of vertical or nearly vertical
tubes A, each set or series being held between an upper box B and a lower box C
to form an independent, battery, of a steam dome or domes E. with which the
upper boxes B of these batteries are connected by pipes H, of a receptacle F
placed on or below the level of the lower boxes C and communicating with these
latter, and of a pipe G connecting the steam dome or domes E with the said lower
receptacle F, substantially as and for the purpose described.
2. A modification of the steam generator specified in Claim 1, composed of the
upper boxes B divided into two separate spaces by a partition b, of a steam dome
or domes E connected with the said boxes B by pipes H, by preference extending
a short distance into the steam dome, and divided into two separate spaces by a
partition h to correspond with the spaces in the tube boxes B, and of Field
tubes A¹, the inside tubes of which communicate with the upper space of the

page_text: boxes B and outside tubes with the lower space of the said boxes B; substantially
as and for the purpose described.
3. In steam generators of the kind herein described a device for the uniform
distribution of the steam entering the dome E, consisting of a hood or plate I
placed above the end of each of the pipes H inside the steam dome below its water
level; said hoods or plates I provided with flaps or wings i set at an angle thereto;
substantially as described.
4. In steam generators of the kind herein described a device for closing the
holes in the boxes B, and C respectively, through which the tubes are inserted,
formed of a closing plate n with a screw bolt m¹ fixed thereto, said plate n having
its upper diameter reduced, the lower diameter of the hole in the box being
reduced correspondingly of an upper plate or bar m for the support of the nut of
the bolt m¹, and of a gasket q; a shoulder being formed either in the hole of the
box or upon the circumference of plate n, or on both, to form a support for the said.
gasket ; substantially as described.