Improvements in Spigot and Socket Joints for Pipes, specially applicable to Earthenware Pipes.
Year: 1894

page_text: This print is in accordance with the Original Specification as it stands after
Amendment (under Section 11 of the Patents, &c. Act, 1883), as required by
the decision of the Comptroller General of the 19th day of March 1896.
Date of Application, 28th Dec., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 30th Sept., 1895-Accepted, 9th Nov.,
1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Spigot and Socket Joints for Pipes, specially
applicable to Earthenware Pipes.
I, GILMOUR GEORGE RAYNER, of 5 Oriel Lane, Walton near Liverpool in the
County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows.-
--
This invention relates to an improved spigot aud socket joint specially applicable
to earthenware pipes, and the object is to so shape the spigot and socket that the
material used to make the joint shall be keyed in position and that the pipes shall
be held concentrically while the joint is being made
I accomplish the first of these objects by making the space in the socket, in which
the material making the joint is held, tapered matend of parallel as in the usual
construction; the taper is such that the space diminishes in diameter towards the
mouth of the sochet so that when the material used in forming the joint is in position
it is keyed in place.
The maintenance of the pipes concentrically is accomplished by reducing the
bore of the socket, beyond the tapered portion referred to, to a diameter slightly
in excess of the external diameter of the nose of the spigot; when the pipes are
being laid the nose of the spigot is inserted in this smaller bore of the socket so
preserving the concentricity of the pipes and ensuring a uniform annular space
between the taper portion of the socket and the outer surface of the spigot. In
some cases I form a small bead or flange on the outer surface of that portion
of the spigot which is within the tapered space of the socket so that not only is the
jointing material keyed in the socket but the said bead keys the spigot in the jointing
material.
In those cases where difficulty might be experienced in getting the pipes
sufficiently unifon to enable the nose of the spigot to be inserted in the smaller
bore of the sochet, this smaller bore may extend, circumferentially, only half round
the socket, and thus form a semicircular seating in which the nose of the spigot 18
supported, the seating of course being placed lowermost when the pipes are laid.
I have found that the fact of the two pipes being held concentrically while the
joint is being made, 18 of great advantage, inasmuch as it allows of a uniform layer
of the jointing material being placed all round the spigot, which is practically
impossible in the ordinary form of spigot and sochet on account of the nose of the
spigot resting on the bottom of the socket, in which case it is difficult to get the
jointing material between the spigot and socket at the bottom, and even where care
is taken to get a layer of the material in, the weight of the pipe, or accidental
017

page_text: displacement, forces it away from between the underside of the spigot and the
socket.
When it is required that the nose of the spigot shall be an accurate fit in the
smaller bore of the socket, jointing surfaces of asphalt of truly circular contour may
be moulded on these parts, after the pipes have been burnt.
I find my improved joint especially well adapted to those cases where the pipes
have practically to be laid in water, and in such cases I prefer to make the joint as
follows;-
The nose of the spigot is inserted in the smaller bore of the socket and a plastic
band of asphalt 18 formed round the spigot and gradually worked into the socket,
and a tight joint made by the use of a caulking tool of wood or metal. In this
way, even if the pipes be laid in water, a thoroughly staunch joint may be made.
The material used for jointing may be cement, puddled clay, asphalt, or the like
material, but I do not limit myself to the precise methods described of making the
joint, nor to any particular material, as it is evident that with the shape of spigot
and sochet described, the method of making the joint can be varied to meet the
special circumstances uudor which the pipes are laid.
Dated this 27th day of December 1894.
SLOAN & LLOYD BARNES,
Castle Chambers, Castle Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in Spigot and Socket Joints for Pipes, specially
applicable to Earthenware Pipes.
I, GILMOUR GEORGE RAYNER, of 5 Oirel Lane, Walton near Liverpool in the
County of Lancaster, Contractor, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
u what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to an improved spigot and socket joint specially applicable
to earthenware pipes, and the object 18 to so shape the spigot and socket that the
material used to make the joint shall be hoyed in position and that the pipes shall
be held concentrically while the joint is being made.
I accomplish the first of these objects by making the space in the socket, in which
the material making the joint is held, tapered instead of parallel as in the usual
construction; the taper is such that the space diminishes in diameter towards the
mouth of the socket so that when the inaterial used in forming the joint is in position
it is keyed in place
The maintenance of the pipes concentrically is accomplished by reducing the
bore of the socket, beyond the tapered portion referred to, to a diameter slightly in
excess of the external diametor of the nose of the epigot; when the pipes are being
laid the nose of the spigot is inserted in this smaller bore of the socket so preserving
the concentricity of the pipes and ensuring a uniform annular space between the
taper portion of the socket and the outer surface of the spigot. In some cases I
form a small bead or flange on the outer surface of that portion of the spigot which
is within the tapered space of the socket so that not only is the jointing material
keyed in the socket but the said bead keys the spigot in the Jointing material.
In those
cases where difficulty might be experienced in getting tho pipes
sufficiently uniform to enable the nose of the spigot to be inserted in the smaller
bore of the socket, this smaller bore may extend circumferentially only half
round the socket, and thus form a semicircular scating in which the nose of the
spigot is supported, the seating of course being placed lowermost when the pipes
are laid.
I have found that the fact of the two pipes being held concentrically while the

page_text: joint is being made, 18 of great advantage inasmuch as it allows of a uniform layer
of the jointing material being placed all round the spigot which is practically
impossible in the ordinary form of spigot and socket on account of the nose of the
spigot resting on the bottom of the socket, in which case it is difficult to get the
jointing material between the spigot and socket at the bottom, and even where care
is taken to get a layer of the material in, the weight of the pipe, or accidental
displacement, forces it away from between the underside of the spigot and the
socket.
When it is required that the nose of the spigot shall be an accurate fit in the
smaller bore of the socket, jointing surfaces of asphalt of truly circular contour
may be moulded ou these parts, after the pipes have been burnt.
I find my improved joint especially well adapted to those cases where the pipes
have practically to be laid in water and in such cases I prefer to make the joint as
follows;-
The nose of the spigot is inserted in the smaller bore of the socket and a plastic
band of asphalt is formed round the spigot and gradually worked into the socket,
and a tight joint made by the use of a caulking tool of wood or metal. In
this way, even if the pipes be laid in water, a thoroughly staunch joint may
be made.
The material used for jointing may be cement, puddled clay, asphalt, or like
material, but I do not limit myself to the precise methods described of making the
joint, nor to any particular material, as it is ovidout that with the shape of spigot and
socket described, the method of making the joint can be varied to meet the special
circumstances under which the pipes are laid.
I have illustrated my invention in the accompanying drawings, in which
Figs I to IV show the modifications of the spigot and socket and
Figs. V to VII show different methods of making the joint.
In each view the pipes are shown in longitudinal medial section (except
Fig. IV which is an end elevation of the socket of Fig. III), and the pipes
illustrated are of earthenware to which class of pipes my invention 18 specially
applicable.
In Fig. 1 the spigot 1 is plain and is maintained concentrically by the reduced.
bore 2 of the socket 3, the larger bore 4 of the socket is tapered as shown so that
the jointing material is keyed therein as described.
The arrangement in Fig. II is similar to Fig. I except that a small bead or
flange 5 is formed on the spigot with the object of keying the jointing material to
the spigot as described.
Figs. 111 and IV illustrate the arrangement adopted when difficulty is experienced
in getting the pipes of uniform bore, Fig. IV being an end olevation of the socket;
m this case the reduced bore 2' of the socket extends only balf round the cucum-
ference and being placed lowermost serves to locate the spigot concentrically.
Fig. Villustrates the method of making the joint when an accurate fit between
the Dose of the spigot and the small bore of the socket is required; in this case
jointing surfaces, 6 and 7, of asphalt are formed (after the manner of Stanford's
well-known joint) on the pipes after the latter have been buint. The joint is
completed by the jointing material 8 as described.
Fig. VI illustrates a form of joint in which an annular space 9 is left between
the yarn Joint 10 and the clay joint 11, into which space cement or asphalt 18
introduced through the hole 12 in the socket.
Fig. VII shows the joint described as best adapted to those cases where the
pipes have practically to be laid in water. A plastic asphalt band 13 is formed
round the pipe, as shown in dotted lines, which band is gradually worked into the
eocket, and a tight joint made by means of a caulking tool. In addition to the
asphalt the usual jointing material 8 may be added.
It is to be understood that I make no biond claim to the method of locating
the spigot concentrically within the socket by means of a reduced bore in the
latter, nor to the modification of this method in which the said reduced bore

page_text: extends only half round the circumference of the socket, as both of these methods
were known prior to my invention, and in particular I am aware of the Specification
of Letters Patent No. 13496 of A.D. 1889 granted to Thomas Philip Baylis, and
it is to be understood that no claim is made to anything described and claimed
therein but;
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim 18;-
1. The improvement in spigot and socket joints for pipes, which consists in
forming the socket with a small bore to locate the spigot and a larger bore
tapered to key the jointing material in place; substantially as described and
illustrated.
2. The improvement in spigot and socket joints for. pipes, which consists in
forming the socket with a small bore to locate the spigot and a larger bore
tapered to key the jointing material in place, and providing the spigot with an
external bead or flange, such as 5, adapted to engage with the jointing material;
substantially as described and illustrated.
3. The improvement in spigot and socket joints for pipes, substantially as
described and illustrated in Fig. I.
4. The improvement in spigot and socket joints for pipes, substantially as
described and illustrated in Fig. II.
5. The improvement in spigot and socket joints for pipes, substantially as
described and illustrated in Figs. III and IV.
6. The improved method of making a spigot and socket joint, substantially as
described and illustrated in Fig. VII.
Dated this 27th day of September 1895.
SLOAN & LLOYD BARNES,
Castle Chambers, 26 Castle Street, Liverpool,
Agents for the Applicant.