IMPROVEMENTS IN IMPLEMENTS FOR HARROWING AND CULTIVATING LAND
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Edwin Phillips, of Britannia Iron Works,
Derby, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN IMPLEMENTS FOR
HARROWING AND CULTIVATING LAND."
Sealed the 19th August 1879, and dated the 25th February 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Edwin Phillips at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th February 1879.
JAMES EDWIN PHILLIPS, of Britannia Iron Works, Derby, Engineer. “IM-
PROVEMENTS IN IMPLEMENTS FOR HARROWING AND CULTIVATING LAND."
This Invention has for its object improvements in implements for harrowing and
cultivating land.
In constructing the frames of harrows I make then in such manner as to hold
fast their tines or teeth so that they may be tightened up, taken out, or adjusted at
pleasure and without screwing their heads.
I make the beams of the harrow of flat iron, and pass bolts transversely through
them, and upon these bolts and between the beams I place cast iron tubos, a
principle which is now well known, but I make the one end of the tube so as to
receive the one side of the tine or tooth in a V shaped groove, and the other end is
formed so as to grip the longitudinal beam.
Another similar shaped piece is made to clip the beam and to form a similar bed
plate for the other side of the tooth, and between which the tooth or tine is fastened
by screwing up the transverse bolt, and by this means the row of teeth is tightened
or slackened, as may be required.
These tubes and washer plates may be made so that they will allow the trans-
verse bolt to pass above or below them instead of passing through the beams should
it be desired.
In the latter plan the beams would be used solid and would not require holes
through them.
Harrows or cultivating implements are sometimes carried upon wheels so that
they may be raised or lowered.
In such implements I carry a straight axle across the back, the ends of which are
carried upon wheels.
The hind part of the harrow is hung to this axle by chains, and by turning the
axle the chains will wind round it and so adjust the height of the implement. The
1 Price G17

page_text: front is carried by another wheel which is able to be actuated by a rod or handle to
steer the harrow at the headlands. To the top of the stem of this wheel I attach a
chain which passes below a pulley on its socket and conveniently placed at the fore
part of the frame. From thence this chain passes to the axle at the back of the
harrow, as before described. It will be seen that the front of this harrow as well 5
as the back can be raised or lowered at the same time.
My improvements also relate to flexible or chain harrows, which I compose of a
number of triangular shaped frames made of cast metal, which I make strong,
at the same time tight, by ribs of a channel or ✗ section. The points of these
triangular shaped frames go foremost, and upon the hind bar of these triangles I 1
form teeth.
The front point is connected to the hind corners of others by links.
By this it will be seen that the draught of each separate triangle is taken from
the front point to the teeth upon the transverse of the triangle, and some distance
behind it.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Edwin Phillips in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 25th
August 1879.
"IM-
JAMES EDWIN PHILLIPS, of Britannia Iron Works, Derby, Engineer.
PROVEMENTS IN IMPLEMENTS FOR HARROWING AND CULTIVATING LAND."
This Invention has for its object improvements in implements for harrowing and
cultivating land.
In constructing the frames of harrows I make them in such manner as to hold
fast their tines or teeth so that they may be tightened up, taken out, or adjusted at
pleasure and without screwing their heads.
And in order to make my Invention more clearly understood I will now proceed
to describe the same with reference to the accompanying Drawings, in which
Figure 1 is a plan and Figure 2 a side elevation of a part of a harrow constructed
in accordance with my Invention.
I make the beams a of the harrow of flat iron, and pass bolts 6 transversely
through them, and upon these bolts and between the beams I place metal tubes c, a
principle which is now well known, but I make the one end of the tube c so as to
receive the one side of the tine or tooth d in a V shaped groove, and the other end
is formed so as to grip the longitudinal beam a.
Another similar shaped piece is made to clip the beam a and to form a similar
bed plate for the other side of the tooth, and between which the tooth or tine dis
fastened by screwing up the transverse bolt b, and by this means the row of teeth
are tightened or slackened, as may be required.
These tubes c and washer plates may be made so that they will allow the trans-
verse bolts 6 to pass above or below them instead of passing through the beams
should it be desired.
In the latter plan the beams would be used solid and would not require holes
through them.
Harrows or cultivating implements are sometimes carried upon wheels so that
they may be raised or lowered.
Figure 3 is a part plan and Figure 4 a side elevation of a harrow so arranged.
In such implements I carry a straight axle a across the back, the ends of which
are carried upon wheels b.
The hind part of the harrow is hung to this axle by chains c, and by turning the
axle a the chains c will wind round it and so adjust the height of the implement.
The front is carried by another wheel & which is able to be actuated by a rod e or
handle to steer the harrow at the headlands. To the top of the stem of this wheel d
I attach a chain, which passes below a pulley g, on its socket, and conveniently
placed at the fore part of the frame.
From thence this chain passes to the axle at the back of the harrow, as before
described. It will be seen that the front of this harrow as well as the back can be
raised or lowered at the same time.
Figure 5 is a plan of a few links of which I compose my flexible or chain harrow.
They are triangular shaped frames a made of cast or malleable cast iron, which I
make strong and at the same time light by making them of a section.
The points of these triangular shaped frames go foremost, and upon the hind bar
of these triangles I form teeth.
They are connected together by S shaped links b. Figure 6 is a side elevation
of one of these triangles a showing the shape; I prefer to form the teeth on either
side of the triangular fraine so that the harrow may be used either side up. Figure 7
shows another arrangement where the teeth may be placed in the triangles
separately and fastened by means of a nut on the head.
By this it will be seen that the draught of each separate triangle is taken from
the front point to the teeth upon the transverse bar of the triangle and some distanco
behind it

page_text: Having thus described the nature of my Invention and the manner of performing
or carrying the same into practice, I would remark that I do not claim any of
the parts separately, which are well known and in common use, but what I
claim is,-
First. The improved method of mounting and fixing the tines or teeth to the
frames of barrows so that they can be readily tightened up, taken out, or adjusted,
substantially in the manner herein before described, and represented in Figures 1
and 2 of the Drawings hereto annexed.
Secondly. I claim the improved arrangement and construction of harrows
whereby the operating parts can be raised and lowered so as to adjust the height of
the implement, substantially in the manner hereinbefore described with reference to
Figures 3 and 4 of the Drawings hereto annexed.
Thirdly. I claim the improved arrangement and construction of flexible or chain
harrows composed of a series of frames (advantageously of triangular form) linked
together in which the teeth or tines are formed and mounted, substantially in the
manner hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 5, 6, and 7 of the Drawings
annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Edwin Phillips, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty second day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy ninė.