Improvements in Type-writing Machines.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 7th June, 1892-Accepted, 23rd July, 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Type-writing Machines.
We, MELVIN LINWOOD SEVERY, Stenographer, and CHARLES FRANKLIN
HOWE, Counsellor at Law, both of No. 31 Milk Street, Boston, in the County
of Suffolk and Commonwealth of Massachusetts, United States of America, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying drawings:-
This invention relates to that class of type-writing machines in which the type
is supported in bars, which are moved by the action of the keys to bring to a
common center the type from which an impression is to be taken, and in which
machine the type is brought against the paper upon which the letters or characters
are to be thereby printed or written, by the action of a force rendered operative
on the depression of a key.
The objects of this invention are to. provide an improved type-writing machine,
less complicated, and more durable and efficient than the others of its class and
containing novel devices for spacing and other purposes, which diminish the labor,
and save a large percentage of the time of the operator, and by which the work
produced is made to resemble ordinary printed matter produced on a printing
press.
These objects are accomplished by the various details of construction and the
combination, arrangement and operation of parts hereinafter set forth and claimed,
and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, forming part of this Specification,
in which
Fig. 1 is a rear elevation of the entire machine.
Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the machine, showing the key board in cross section
on the line A. Fig. 5.
Fig. 3 is a sectional view showing a type in the act of striking the paper, and the
spring for centering the type, and returning it to its proper place.
Fig. 4 is a front elevation of a bank of keys, showing the position of the pins
that regulate the type bars, escapement and variable feed.
Fig. 5 is a plan of the key board and type bars.
Fig. 6 is an isometric view of the paper carriage.
Fig. 7 is a sectional view of the same through A. B. Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is an end view of the same, showing the paper feed rubbers.
Fig. 9 is a bottom plan of the same.
Fig. 10 is a detail showing the manner in which the type bars are moved.
Fig. 11 is an enlarged partial plan of the type carriers, showing one type over
the hammer ready for printing.
Fig. 12 is a sectional view of a type bar with type therein.
Fig. 13 is a detail of the escapement and variable spacing device.
Fig. 14 is an isometric view, showing the plate and connecting levers governing
the escapement and the plate and levers governing the variable spacing device.
Fig. 15 is a detail of the top plate of the machine, showing the radial grooves
in which the type bars slide.
Fig. 16 shows the perforated stiffening plate of the ink pad.
Fig. 17 is a plan, and Fig. 18 is a section of the ink pad and ink well on the
line A. B. of Fig. 17.
Similar figures refer to similar parts throughout the several views.
Referring to the drawing, 1. is the base plate of the machine, to which are
attached the standards which support the different parts of the machine, and 29 isi
a horizontal plate shown in detail on Fig. 15, which plate extends transversely

page_text: across the bed plate above the same, and is supported upon suitable standards. A
part of this plate is semi-circular, and in the center of the circle is a perfora-
tion, 100, in the plate, over which perforation each type is brought when an
impression is to be made from said type, and through which passes the rod 34, by
which the type is forced against the paper.. Upon the upper surface of this plate
and radiating from this central perforation are a series of ways or guides, 99, each
formed by parallel ribs on the plate, or in any other suitable manner, in which
guiding ways move the sliding type bars 30. The inner ends of these ways are at
equal distances from the central perforation, and are contiguous. These guide ways
extend to the outer edge of the plate.
A radial slot in the plate 29 extends from a point between the inner and outer
ends of each of these guides to the edge of the plate, and in these slots move the
bent ends of the type bars, when the bars are moved toward the center of the
plate.
The type bars 30 are shown in Fig. 10 and in detail in Figs. 3, 11 and 12.
They are formed with channels for the reception of one or more independently
removable type and in the bar under each type is a perforation 96. The type 76
are formed with a body, and a raised face, smaller than the body of the type,
upou which face is the character on the type. Nine bars are shown and nine type
in each bar, and this will afford a sufficient number of characters for any ordinary
use, but the number of bars and the number of type in each bar may be varied
as may be found desirable. Each of these bars is pivoted respectively to the
longer and vertically inclined arm of one of a series of bent levers, 28, which are
pivoted to bosses, 44, arranged in a semi-circle on the bed of the machine, and
each of these bent levers is connected by a suitable universal joint, 63, to one of
a series of parallel horizontal bars, 62, which, by means of the horizontal bars 62*,
are acted upon by the finger keys. These keys are arranged in parallel rows,
corresponding in number to the number of said bars, each row containing keys
having as many characters thereon as there are type in the bars. The bars 69
are arranged under each rank or row of keys in such manner as to be depressed
by the downward movement of these keys. When the key on any bank or row
is depressed it strikes against and depresses the front bar 69 of the corresponding
frame 69, and the bar 62 attached thereto, thus by means of the universal joint. 63
raising the short arm of the lever 28, and throwing towards the common center
of the type bars the vertically inclined arm of the lever 28 and the horizontal
type bar 30 attached to the same.
The levers 28 are arranged radially, and consequently each of the levers
must be connected to the corresponding bar 62 by some form of universal joint
or loose bearing, in order to admit the bars 62 being arranged parallel to one
another.
It is desirable in a type-writing machine in order that it may be operated with
facility and with the minimum amount of fatigue to the operator, that the amount
of pressure which is applied to a key in order to effect the impression of a
character, should be the same for all the keys, that is to say, that the touch upon
the keys should be of uniform strength.
In the form of type-writing machine described as embodied in this invention,
the several banks of keys are arranged in parallel rows, and consequently the
sides of the frame which are depressed by these keys in each row are of different
lengths, and the parallel bars 62, owing to their connection with the radially
arranged type bars are not of equal length. For these reasons therefore, the
force applied to each bar by the action of a key in row of keys corresponding to
this bar, to throw the type bars toward the common center would not be the same,
and the touch upon the key board would not be of uniform strength unless this
difference of leverage were compensated for by a corresponding difference in
the distance between the fulcrum of the lever 28 and its point of attachment to
the bar 69..
A suitable retracting spring may be attached to each crank.lever for the purpose

page_text: of drawing back the type bar connected therewith after it has been thrown forward
by the depression of a key, but it is preferable to derive this retracting force from
the action of a device by means of which a conveniently adjustable retracting
force can be obtained.
This device is shown in Fig. 5. It consists of a frame 110 attached by its side
bars to each end of the shaft 65, and having its rear bar above the bars 62, and its
front bar over the levers, 69.
In the front bar is a vertical screw 109, which passes through the plate 75
through which the keys pass. Near the lower end of this screw is a collar, and
between this collar and the frame is a spiral spring upon the rod. This spring acts
to throw up the front bar of the frame 110 and to depress the rear bar, and thus
acts as a retracting spring to the bars 62 which are under the rear bar of the frame.
The tension of this spring may be varied as may be desired by turning the
screw 109.
The keys consist of vertical rods 70 which move in perforations in the base of the
frame 1, and in the plate 75, which plate is preferably inclined. A spring 73 acting
on the bottom of the keys keeps them in position.
Through each key shaft is a pin 74, and when the key is depressed this pin comes
in contact with the bar 69, depressing said bar and the lever 69, which movement
brings into operation the type striking mechanism and the spacing mechanism; and
through the mechanism hereinbefore described causes the movement of the corre-
sponding type bar towards the common center. When there are several type in a
type bar, it is necessary that the extent of movement of the type bar should be in
accordance with the distance of the type from the end of the type bar, and conse-
quently that the depression of a key corresponding to any type should produce the
proper degree of movement in the type bar to bring that type to the common
center, and this will be effected by a corresponding depression to a greater or less
extent of the bar 69" depressed by the key over the same. This result is accom-
plished by successively increasing the distance of the pins 74 from the bar 69"
when in normal position in the rows of keys as shown in Fig. 4, so that the
depression of the bar 69, caused by each of the keys in the row of keys over the
bar will depend upon the distance from the end of the type bar moved by the keys
in that row of the type corresponding to the key by which the bar 69° is depressed.
Under the bars 69 and suitably attached to the rock shafts 67 is the perforated
plate 71. By the movement of this plate the escapement mechanism is operated,
and this mechanism operates automatically after the impression of each letter.
The depression of this plate also effects, through suitable mechanism the release
of the force by which the type striking rod is operated. In order that this
escapement mechanism may be operated independently of the movement of the
letter keys, so that longer spaces may be formed between words, or between letters
by the action of the spacing mechanism independently of the action of the
impression mechanism, keys are attached to the rock shafts 67 by which they may
be moved by the operator. For the convenience of the operator there are three
of these keys, one in front and one on each side of the machine. The plate is
attached to the shafts 67 by split pins fixed on the shaft, and on the shafts are
fixed spiral springs one end of said spring being secured to the shaft and the other
end to the frame, which act to throw up the plate after it has been depressed. Any
other form of retracting spring may be used.
Referring to Figs. 1, 2, 6, 7, 8 and 9, 38 is a semi-cylinder of metal, to the ends
of which are fastened the cross pieces 79. Connecting these cross pieces and
projecting beyond them, is a rod 78. The rod 78 is pivoted in the curved end
pieces 81. In one of these end pieces 81, is a pin which slips into one of the
holes 80, in one of the cross pieces 79. These holes 80, are equi-distant from the
center of the rod 78, the object being to allow the paper cylinder to be turned
on the rod 78, so as to bring any one of the two or more surfaces of the cylinder
directly over the printing point of the machine.
In one end of the frame 35, is the pivot 88, secured thereto, and in the other end
'

page_text: of the frame, and directly opposite the pivot 88, is the pivot 89 which has a lateral
movement, in the frame 35 and is, in its normal. position, kept towards the center of
the machine by the spring 90. These pivots fit into suitable hearings in the end
pieces 81, and allow the paper carriage to be turned upwardly on said pivots so
as to bring the printing in a position to be seen.
On either side of the paper .cylinder are the rods 82 and 83, turning in slots in
the end pieces 81 as seen in Figs. 6 and 7. On these rods are spools 84 and 85.
On the rod 78, and adapted to slide on said rod, is the bridge 77, having forked
shaped ends which fit into the slots 95, in the hubs of the spools 85, thus moving
said spools away from or toward the spools 84, as the bridge 77 is moved along the
rod. This bridge may be fastened at any point along the rod by means of the set
screw 91. The object of this being to allow the use of different widths of paper,
the rubber bands bearing only on the edges of the paper.
The spools 84 are fastened to the rods 82 and 83, and the spools 85 slip along
the rods, but turn with them.
At one end of the rod 83, is the knob 86, and on the opposite end of said rod is
the ratchet wheel 87, for securing the paper feed.
On the spools 84 and 85, are rubber bands 39, passing around the spools and
underneath the paper cylinder, as is more clearly shown in Figs. 8 and 9. The
paper being slipped between the rubber bands and the cylinder is moved forward
the proper distance to space between lines by the friction of the bands against the
paper, as the bands are moved by turning the spools 84 and 85.
Under the plate 71, 'and secured to the rock shaft 68 in the same manner as
plate 71 is secured to shafts 67, is another perforated plate 72, the object of which is
to operate the variable spacing mechanism, as is hereinafter more fully described.
The spacing mechanism is shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and in enlarged detail views
in Figs. 13 and 14.
This mechanism regulates the movement of the carriage and consists of a screw
of coarse pitch 2, on which moves the nut 36, said nut being secured to the carriage.
Fixed to one end of the screw 2, is a toothed wheel 3, which engages with the
toothed wheel 4 on the shaft 9. The wheel 4 is loose upon the shaft 9 and is
connected thereto in the well known manner by means of a pawl 7 pivoted to the
wheel 4 and a ratchet wheel 5 fixed to the shaft 9, but this pawl can be thrown out
of engagement with the teeth of the ratchet wheel by means of the curved rod 8,
attached to the pawl 7, said rod being raised by the bevelled sliding collar 6, which is
attached to the pin 41, said pin sliding in the shaft 9, and being held out in its
normal position by the coiled spring 40. Secured to the shaft 9, is the escapement
wheel 11, whose teeth have inclined and straight faces, as in many forms of escape-
ment wheels used in mechanism..
Loosely mounted on the shaft 9, is the drum 10, which contains a spiral spring,
one end of which is fastened to the shaft, and the other end to the inside of the
drum. Secured to the end of the drum opposite to the escapement wheel is a
ratchet wheel 12, having as many teeth as the escapement wheel. The spiral
spring having one end fastened to the shaft 9, and the other end to the inside of
the drum, would cause both the shaft and drum to revolve in opposite directions,
and to avoid this the shaft is held by means of the pawl 45, Fig. 2, and the drum
is held by the pawl 26, attached to the frame of the machine acting on the ratchet
wheel 12. The operation of the escapement is as follows: When a key is depressed
one of the pins 74, strikes the plate 71, and depresses said plate, which causes
the rock shafts 67 to turn. These shafts acting through the cranks 66, rock the
shaft 60, to which is attached the escapement dog. 25, and rock said. dog into the
teeth of the escapement wheel 11. At the same time this shaft.n moves the bent
lever 21, so that the longer arm of said lever is moved in a direction toward the
shaft 9, and pressing against the segment 21, forces out of: contact with the
wheel 11, the pawl 45, by means of the arm 46, to which the pawl is attached.
The pawl 45, being out of contact with the wheel 11, the end of the bar 43 on
'which is pivoted the pawl.45, at 47 will fall, said bar 43 being hung on the shaft 9.

page_text: This bar will fall far enough to allow the pawl 45 to take one or more teeth on the
wheel 11, as is hereinafter more fully described.
As the pressure is now taken off from the key, the dog 25 is rocked out of
contact with the wheel 11 and the bent lever 21 away from the segment 21, which
allows the pawl 45 to catch in the teeth of the wheel 11. The various parts are to
be so adjusted in relation to each other that the pawl 45 will not let go of the wheel.
until the dog 25 has engaged with said wheel, and in the opposite movement, the
dog will not let go till the pawl has caught.
The wheel, 11, being free to revolve, will be turned by the spring wound in the
drum 10, and will carry the pawl 45, and with it the arm 43, until the motion of
the wheel is arrested by reason of the arm 43 coming in contact with a proper
stop, as is shown in Fig. 13.
The escapement wheel 11 being secured to the shaft 9, causes that to turn, and
through the ratchet wheel 5, pawl 7 gears 4 and 3, turns the screw 2, the object of
which is hereinafter more fully set forth.
Loosely mounted on the shaft 9, and free to turn thereon is the collar 17, which
extends through the spring drum 13, and winding drum 15, and on which they
turn. On the end of this collar is fastened the spur wheel 16. In the drum 13
One
is a spiral spring, one end of which is fastened to the collar 17, the other end being
fastened to the inside of the drum 13. The spring is wound up to obtain the
proper tension by means of the crank 20, shaft 19 and pins 18, working
in the teeth of the spur wheel 16, which is attached to the collar 17.
end of the spring being thus anchored to the frame of the machine, said
spring will revolve the drum 13, and with it the winding drum 15, to which
it is attached, thus winding on said drum 15 the cord 27, which passes over
suitable pulleys, and is attached to the paper carriage through the nut 36,.
on the screw 2, and will have a tendency to draw said carriage toward the
end of the screw on which is fastened the gear. 3. But in order to thus draw the
carriage, it would be necessary for the nut to turn the screw 2, which it cannot.
do, as the screw is prevented from turning by reason of the gears 3 and 4,.
ratchet 5 pawl 7, shaft 9, and escapement wheel 11. When the escapement
wheel is released as hereinbefore described the spring in drum 10 turns the
screw 2 a pre-determined part of a revolution, and thus allows the spring in
drum 13 to draw the paper carriage the proper distance for a space between.
letters or words.
As the carriage is drawn in the direction for printing, the spring in drum 13.
unwinds, and this is re-wound, as the carriage is drawn back, by hand to the
position for the beginning of a new line, by the cord 27, which is by this operation
pulled off from the drum 15, thus re-winding the spring. As the drum 13 turns.
while printing, the pawl 14, attached to said drum slips over the teeth on the
ratchet wheel 12 but when the drum 13 is turned in the opposite direction, in
drawing the carriage back to begin a new line the pawl 14 engages with the teeth
on the wheel 12, and turns it, thus re-winding the spring in drum 10, to compensate
for the amount said spring unwound in the forward motion of the carriage. The
two wheels 12 and 11, having an equal number of teeth, the spring will be re-wound
just as much as it unwound in performing its work.
In type-writing machines as now constructed, the spacing mechanism moves
exactly the same distance for the space occupied by every letter and character and
the space between the next, so that, an i with the space between it and the next
letter occupies the same space as an m or w. In order that the letters may not be
too far apart, the machines are generally constructed so as to give each letter or
character the space occupied by the majority of letters and characters which is the
space occupied by e, o, n etc. and all wide letters like m, w, H, M, W, and in fact,
most of the capital letters, are condensed so as to occupy about the same space as-
an e, or o. This produces an uneven and crowded effect.
One of the objects of this invention is to produce a machine capable of
giving to each letter or character its proper space. The majority of the small.

page_text: letters and characters occupy twice as much space as i, t, 1, &c. and the majority
of the capitals take three times as much space as i, and t. The machine therefore
is arranged to give the proper space for i, t, &c. which includes the space between
that letter and the next preceding; twice that space for n, e, &c., and three times
that space for M, W, and the letters that require it.
This is accomplished in the following manner :
On the bar 43, is a projection 22, Fig. 1 and 13 from which projects downwardly
a pin 23.
As the bar 43 turns on the shaft, as hereinafter described, this pin will
strike against the variable spacing regulator 24, and stop the movement of said bar.
This variable spacing regulator is fastened to the rock shaft 61, and in such a
position that the center of said regulator shall be directly below the pin 23, as
shown in Fig. 1 and is adapted to rock underneath said pin.
This rocking motion is produced by means of the rock shaft 61, Fig. 14, crank
and connecting levers 66 rock shafts 68, and plate 72. In some of the keys are
pins 74 the pins being at different distances from the plate while some of the keys
have no pins through them to act on this plate. When a key having no pin is
depressed, the plate 72 remains stationary and the variable spacing regulator is not
moved, but remains in its normal position, which is with the highest projection,
under and back of the pin 23, and in such a position that said pin will strike this
highest projection when it moves with the bar 43, as hereinbefore described, and
thus the bar 43 will move but a small distance which is adjusted so as to allow the
pawl 45 to take one tooth on the wheel 11, and thus allow the carriage to move, as
herein before described, the proper distance for a t, i, 1, &c. When a key having a
pin so placed as to act on the plate 72, is pressed down, said pin will depress the
plate 72, thus rocking the rock shafts 68, and, through the crank and levers 66,
rock the variable spacing regulator 24, so as to bring under and at the rear of the
pin 23, the second projection, which is enough lower than the first projection to
allow the pin 23 to move farther and thus the pawl 45 will fall far enough to take
two teeth on the wheel 11, which will allow the carriage to move the proper
distance for the space occupied by the letters n, o, e, &c.
In the same manner on depressing a key which has a pin placed nearer to the
plate 72, so as to depress said plate deeper, the variable space regulator will be
rocked to such a position as to allow the third projection to come under the pin 23,
and this projection being shorter than the one preceding, the pawl will take three
teeth on the wheel 11, thus allowing the carriage to move the proper space for the
widest letters like M and W.
In this way the writing or printing produced by this machine will appear more
regular and look more like the work produced by a printing press, than that
produced by type-writing machines as generally constructed.
When the dog 25 has fully entered the wheel 11, and the pawl 45 has disengaged
from said wheel, the retaining dog 33, Fig. 1, is drawn away from the ring 42, on
the hammer rod 34, said dog being connected to the rock shaft, on which the
entering dog 25 is secured. The hammer rod is thus free to move up against the
type and impress said type on the paper, which is accomplished by the spring
attached to the lever 51, and acting to draw up this lever, and throws up one end
of the rod through the perforation 100 in the plate 29 against the bottom of the
type which by movement of the type bar consequent upon the depression of a key
corresponding to the type has been brought over this perforation, as has before
been explained. An impression is then made on the paper.
On the end of this lever is pivoted a dog 52 one end of which engages under
the ring 42 on the rod 34 and is so adjusted that as soon as the rod strikes the
type, the dog is drawn out of contact with the ring 42 by its horizontal end
striking the screw 53, thereby depressing the horizontal end, and drawing the
inclined end away from said ring. This allows the rod to leave the type and drop
to its normal position as shown in the drawings. As the lever 51 is drawn up it
depresses the end of the lever 48, by means of the connecting link 50. The
lever 48 being pivoted at 49, the end of the lever 48 rests on the end of the

page_text: bar 43, and when this bar is returned to its normal position by the action of
the spring as hereinbefore described, it moves the lever 48 and through the
link 50 forces the lever 51 down so that the dog 52 will catch under the ring 42
as shown.
It will be seen that on this machine the necessary power required to move the
heavy carriage is derived from a strong spring, and the power required to strike
the type with sufficient force to form a clear impression is derived from a spring in
the drum 10, or its equivalent, while as the latter keys merely act to move the
type bars and release the force of these springs, and as the movement of the type
bars and of the mechanism which acts to release the force of these springs is
effected through systems of levers, but little power is required to operate the keys.
The force which is applied to the type striking rod is independent of that which
applies to the keys, and therefore, all the type will be impressed with the same
force upon the paper, and this will not depend upon the strength of the touch upon
the keys.
In order that the type may be quickly removed from the paper after an
impression has been made, so as to avoid a blurred impression, I use the device.
shown in Fig. 3. This consists of a flat spring 59 which is attached at one end
to the plate 29, while its other end is free and extends under the paper carriage and
over the type. In this end is a perforation which will admit the head of the type,
but not the body. The spring therefore rests upon the type, and acts by its
elasticity after the type has been thrown up by the striking rod to withdraw the
type from the paper.
The inking mechanism is shown in detail in Figs. 2 16, 17 and 18. It consists of
two superimposed pads 107, 108, of felt or other suitable material, which are
separated from one another by a perforated plate of metal 101, and supported
above the type bars by hinges 58 which are fixed on the plate 29.
103 is the ink receptacle supported above the pads. A strip of felt or other
suitable material passes from the receptacle to the top felt of the pad 107, through
the opening 106, and by capillary attraction conveys the ink to the pad. A rod 57,
connected to the pad passes down through the plate 29, and connects with the
lever 56, pivoted to the frame of the machine. Pivoted to the end of the
lever 56 is a lever 55 having a bevelled extremity which engages with the
extremity of a lever 54, connected to the lever 48. When the lever 54 is carried
up by the upward movement of the arm 48 the bevelled end of this lever passes
by the bevelled end of the lever 55, but on the return of the lever 54, its extremity
engages with the end of the lever or latch 55 and depresses the end of the lever 56.
The depression of the lever 56 draws down the rod 57 and compresses the pads thus
forcing ink on to the type.
The variable spacing regulator 2+, is also provided with a fourth projection
which is shorter than any of the others, and will consequently allow the pin 23 to fall
farther, which distance is to be so regulated that the pawl 45 will take four teeth
on the wheel 11 thus causing the paper carriage to more a distance equal to the
space occupied by a letter or character and the space between words. This
is accomplished by one of the space keys which is adjusted so as to act on the
perforated plate 72, and depress said plate far enough to rock the variable space
regulator the proper distance to bring this fourth projection in position under the
pin 23, as hereinbefore described. The object of this arrangement is to save the
time of the operator; for, in the operation of type-writing machines as usually
constructed, when the operator has printed the last letter of a word he has to make
a distinct and separate movement to form the space between that letter and the first
letter of the next word. This takes considerable time. The average number of
letters per word in ordinary printed matter is estimated to be about five. After
every fifth letter therefore a separate motion must be made to form the space.
between that letter and the next. I obviate this by the means herein described, for
when it is desired to form a space between words, the operator depresses the space.
key simultaneously with the key for the last letter, thus printing the last letter and

page_text: forming the necessary space at the same time. This improvement is deemed to be
of great importance in type-writing machines, as it enables the operator to perform
a much larger amount of work in a given time, with no increase of effort.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is
First. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a movable type bar, a
series of type supported in said bar, each of said type being independently movable
with respect to the bar, a series of keys corresponding in number to said type,
means constructed so as to be engaged by each of said keys and to bring a given
type to a common printing point upon the depression of a key, and means for
striking the type to impress the same upon a printing surface.
Second. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a movable type bar,
a series of type supported in said bar, each of said type being independently
movable with respect to each other, and with respect to the bar, a series of keys
corresponding in number to said type, each of said keys constructed with a pin 74,
adapted to engage and move a bar 69, and with its supporting pivoted frame 69, a
-distance varying from that effected by the operation of the other keys, the said
bar 69, frame 69 and lever 62, connected with the frame 69, and the movable type
bar, substantially as shown and described, which operates, on the depression of a
key, to bring a given type to a common printing point, and means for striking the
type to impress the same against a printing surface.
Third. In a type-writing machine the combination substantially as and for
-the purpose set forth of a series of horizontal bars moving in suitable guides upon a
plate in lines radiating from a common center, and each supporting a series of
independently removable type; a series of vertically inclined bent levers pivoted in
a senii-circle upon a suitable support under the plate, each respectively connected
by its vertical arm to one of the type bars, and by its shorter arm to one of a series
of horizontal parallel arms; a device for retracting each bent lever; a series of
concentric quadrangular frames independently pivoted upon a common shaft, and each
-connected to one of the horizontal arms; a series of rows of vertically moving keys,
each row arranged respectively over the front bar of a frame, and the number of
keys in a row corresponding to the number of type in the bar, and each key marked
with a character corresponding to the character upon a type, and acting when
.depressed to move by the depression of a corresponding frame and the movement of
a corresponding bent lever the type bar corresponding to the row of type and to
bring to the common center of the plate the type corresponding to the character on
the depressed key.
Fourth. In a type-writing machine, the combination substantially as and for the
purpose set forth, of a plate mounted under the keys, and adapted to be acted upon
by the depression of a key; means connected therewith for releasing the mechanism
which operates the type striking rod, and the mechanism for moving the carriage,
so arranged and constructed that the depression of a letter key depresses the
plate, and releases the type striking rod and the said mechanism for moving the
carriage.
Fifth. The combination, substantially as and for the purpose set forth, with the
concentric frames 69 of the frame 110, pivoted on the shaft 65, and extending
across the frames 69, of the screw 109, in the front bar of the frame, the collar 109*
on the end of the screw, and the spring 109, between the collar and the front
bar of the frame.
Sixth. In a type-writing machine, the combination, substantially as and for the
purpose set forth of the type striking rod moving vertically in suitable guides
under the action of a spring; a paper carriage moving longitudinally under the
action of a spring; a nut secured to said carriage and moving on a screw shaft, and
adapted to allow the carriage to move longitudinally when said screw shaft is turned.
Seventh. The combination substantially as set forth, and for the purpose

page_text: specified, of the shaft 9 and the collar 17, loose ou said shaft, the drum 13 revolving
on said collar, and having attached to said drum the winding drum 15, a coiled
spring, contained within said drum 13, one end of said spring being fastened to the
collar 17 and the other end fastened to the inside of said drum, and adapted to
revolve said drum, and with it the winding drum 15; means for preventing the
collar 17 from revolving by the action of said spring, by securing said collar to the
frame of the machine in such a manner that the tension of said spring may be
regulated as desired, the cord 27 fastened to, and adapted to be wound on said
drum 15, by the action of said spring; pulleys over which said cord passes and
connects with the paper carriage, and adapted to move said carriage longitudinally
in one direction by the action of said spring.
Eighth. The combination, substantially as set forth, and for the purpose
specified, of the shaft 9 having secured thereto, the escapement wheel 11, the drum
and ratchet wheel 10 and 12 loose on said shaft, a coiled spring contained in said
drum, one end of said spring being fastened to the shaft 9, the other end being
fastened to the inside of said drum 10, means for preventing said drum being turned
by the action of said spring, consisting of the ratchet wheel 12, and the pawl 26,
attached to the frame of the machine, which pawl engages with the teeth of said
ratchet wheel and prevents said wheel from turning by the action of the spring, but
allows it to turn in the opposite direction by means of the pawl 14 attached to the
drum 13.
Ninth. The combination substantially as set forth, and for the purpose specified,
of the shaft 9, with the escapement wheel 11, secured thereto, the bar 43 mounted
on, and adapted to turn on said shaft. The pawl 45 pivoted on said bar; the sliding
piece 21, one end of said piece being the arc of a circle, the other end of said piece
having secured thereto the rod 46, the free end of said rod being pivoted to the
pawl 45, and adapted to force said pawl out of contact with the escapement wheel
when the circular end of the piece 21 is acted upon by the bent lever 21º, the
projecting frame 22, secured to the bar 43, and adapted to move with it, and the
pin 23 attached to said frame.
Tenth. The combination substantially as set forth, and for the purpose specified,
of the shaft 9 having secured to one end the ratchet wheel 5, the gear 4 loose on
said shaft, but adapted to be revolved with said shaft by means of the pawl 7 on
said gear, and adapted to engage with the ratchet wheel 5, when said wheel is turned
in one direction by the shaft 9; the bevelled collar 6, sliding on said shaft and
adapted to force the pawl 7 out of contact with the ratchet wheel 5, by means of the
bent arm 8 attached to the pawl 7, the push pin 41 sliding in the-shaft 9 having
attached thereto the said collar 6, and the spring 40, for keeping said push pin and
collar in their normal positions.
Eleventh. The combination substantially as set forth, and for the purpose
specified, of the escapement wheel 11, and the dog 25 secured to the rock shaft 60,
and adapted to rock into and out of contact with the teeth of said escapement
wheel.
Twelfth. The combination substantially as set forth and for the purpose
specified, of the screw shaft 2, the nut 36, running on said screw shaft and attached
to the carriage 35, the gear wheel 3 secured to one end of said screw and meshing
with the gear 4.
Thirteenth. The combination substantially as set forth, and for the purpose
specified, of the type striking rod 34; collar 42; dog 52; pivotally mounted on the
rod 51 adjustable stop 53; operating spring 51, connecting link 50, pivoted
bar 48, and the bar 43 mounted on the shaft 9.
Fourteenth. The combination substantially as set forth, and for the purpose
specified, of the carriage feed mechanism, and the variable spacing regulator, said
regulator being provided on its face with a number of projections of various
heights.
Fifteenth. The combination substantially as set forth, and for the purpose
specified, of the perforated plate 72, suitably mounted on rock shafts 68, the crank
12

page_text: and connecting levers 66, the rock shaft 61, and the variable spacing regulator.24,
said regulator being provided on its face with a number of projections of various
heights.
Sixteenth. The combination substantially as set forth, and for the purpose
specified, of the perforated plate 72, the keys 70, and the pins 74", said pins being
set in the keys 70, at various distances from the plate 72, when. in their normal
position, and so adjusted that the depression of any key will operate the variable
spacing regulator to allow the formation of the space required for the character
printed by the key depressed.
Seventeenth. In a type-writing machine, the combination with the paper
carriage and means for operating the same, the printing mechanism, and the spacing
device, of the projection 112, the pawl 45, and the wheel 11, so arranged and
constructed that said pawl will take four teeth of said wheel, whereby the depression
of the space key simultaneously with the depression of a type key will cause the
paper carriage to move a distance equal to the space occupied by a printed letter
or character, and the required space between words or characters, substantially as
:set forth, and for the purpose specified.
Eighteenth. The combination, substantially as set forth, and for the purpose
specified, of the carriage frame 35, fixed pivot 88, movable pivot 89, spring 90, and
_end pieces 81; rods 82 and 83; spools 84 and 85, said spools 85 having in their
hubs the grooves 95, said spools being mounted on, and turning with the shafts 82
and 83; bridge 77; set screw 91; rod 78; knob 86; ratchet wheel 87, semi-
cylindrical shell 38; rubber bands 39; adjustment holes 80; grooves 92 and 93,
and flat printing surface 94.
Nineteenth. The combination substantially as set forth, and for the purpose
specified, of the felt pads 107 and 108, the perforated stiffening plate 101, the
-covering plate 102; the ink well 103; cap 104, air vent 105, and slot 106 for the
escape of ink from the ink well.
Twentieth. In a type-writing machine, a perforated plate or plates located
beneath the key board, and having the stems of the keys passing through the
perforations in said plate or plates, substantially as set forth, and for the purpose
:specified.
Dated this 4th day of Jun 1000
{"
E. K. DUTTON & Co.,
5, John Dalton Street, Manchester, Agents.