Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 28th July, 1887
Complete Left, 28th Apr., 1888
Complete Accepted, 1st June, 1888
I, RICHARD MARSTON 106 Rice Street, Birkenhead in the County of Chester,
Ironmonger, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention is chiefly designed to provide efficient ventilation for tramcar, omnibu
and other lamps.
In carrying out the invention, I form the oil reservoir with a convenient number of
tubes passing through the same at or near its centre, and surrounding the wick.
These tubes may be vertical or made converging towards the wick, and if a glass
chimney is used as in mineral oil lamps, they are placed so that their upper ends are
immediately underneath it.
The canopy or casing of the lamp is provided with an opening or a number of
small openings or perforations covered on the outside with a hood, preferably placed
in such a way that the air can only enter at the sides and not in the direction in which
the vehicle is travelling. The air entering through this hood or cover passes through
the opening or perforations in the canopy and through the pipes in the oil vessel of the
lamp to the wick. If a glass chimney is used, the burner is provided with perforations
so that there may be a current of air upward through the chimney. The lamp is
conveniently held in place in the interior of the canopy in the usual manner by means
of slides, so as to be easily removable, and if desired a portion of the air current
entering through the perforations may be diverted so as not to pass through the tubes,
but enter the canopy and surround the lamp. There will therefore be an air current
on the outside as well as inside the lamp chimney.
The opening for the admission of air may be provided with a regulating valve so
that the amount of air admitted can be adjusted at pleasure.
Dated this 27th day of July 1887
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in or relating to Tramcar, Omnibus, and other
Lamps.
J, RICHARD MARSTON of 106 Price Street, Birkenhead, in the County of Chester,
Ironmonger, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
My invention is chiefly designed to provide efficient ventilation for tramcar, omnibus
and other lamps, without interfering with the steady burning of the same.
In carrying out the invention, I proceed as follows; reference being had to the
accompanying drawings, in which,
Figure 1 is a front sectional elevation of a tramcar lamp constructed in accordance
with my invention, a portion of the front of the lamp casing being broken away.
Figure 2 is a plan of Figure 1, the top of lamp casing being cut away.
Figure 3 is a side sectional elevation through lamp and casing, showing a modified
form of construction.
Figure 4 is a sectional elevation showing the construction of the casing chimney.
I form the oil reservoir A with a convenient number of tubes B, passing through
the same at or near its centre as in Figure 1, and surrounding the wick C. These
tubes B may be vertical or made converging towards the wick, and if a glass
chimney Dis used as in mineral oil lamps, they are placed so that their upper ends
are immediately underneath it. Their upper ends are preferably united by a
shallow chamber A¹, (Figure 1), attached to the top of the reservoir A. This chamber
may be of any convenient shape, either circular as in Figures 1 and 2, or rectangular
as in Figure 3. The burner socket E passes through it, and is extended downwards
almost to the bottom of the reservoir, so as to form a well E', in which the wick C
is retained. The top of the chamber A¹ immediately below the chimney, is preferably
provided with a number of perforations a, a.
The canopy or casing F of the lamp, is provided with an opening or a number
of small openings or perforations G, G, covered on the outside with a hood G³,
preferably placed in such a way that the air can only enter at the sides or bottom,
and not in the direction in which the vehicle is travelling. In Figures 1 and 2,
the perforations G, G, are in the bottom of the casing below the tubes B, and in
Figure 1 they are in the front side of the chamber A¹. In this Figure the hood G¹
is shown placed in front of the casing, and the air enters in an upward direction.
In Figure 1 the hood G¹ is a circular cap secured to the bottom of the casing,
and having perforated sides y. This cap is surrounded by a protecting ring G²,
between which and the perforated sides g, the air enters in an upward direction,
and passes through the said sides and through the perforations G. An annular
wall G³ surrounds the perforations G above the bottom of the casing F, and
extends upwards, as shown, almost to the bottom of the oil reservoir. The air
entering through the hood or cover G¹, passes through the openings or perforations G
in the canopy, and enters, either directly (as in Figure 3), or through the tubes B
(as in Figure 1), into the chamber A', whence it passes to the wick by means of
the perforations a, a, and perforated plate a¹ (Figure 3) in the burner. The perforated

page_text: plate a' is generally provided in cases where a glass chimney such as D is used, so
that there may be a current of air upward through the said chimney. The lamp is
conveniently held in place in the interior of the casing in the usual manner, by means
of slides F, so as to be easily removable, and if desired, a portion of the air current
entering through the perforations G may be diverted, so as not to pass through the
tubes B, but enter the casing, and surround the lamp. This diversion is provided for
by the gap left between the upper edge of the annular wall G³, and the lower surface
of the oil reservoir. Or a portion of the air emerging from the perforations a, a, or
passing through holes a² in the walls of chamber A¹, may be diverted at those points.
There will therefore be an air current on the outside as well as inside the lamp
chimney.
The openings or perforations G, G, for the admission of air may, if desirable, be
provided with a regulating valve, so that the amount of air admitted can be adjusted
at pleasure.
The steady burning of the lamp is, moreover, assisted by the special construction of
casing chimney shown in Figure 4. The cone shaped hood H. thereof is truncated,
and its open end covered by an outer cone H¹, which is attached to the cone E in such
a manner as to leave an open space between the two. The double hood prevents the
wind from blowing down the chimney while affording ample means of escape to the
fumes of the lamp. A reflector J (shown in dotted lines in Figure 3), may also be
placed in the casing to reflect the light downwards on to the steps of the vehicle.
When this reflector is used, the portion j of the casing, is cut away, the air being
prevented from entering the lamp by the glass plate . The reflector may be
held in position by any convenient fastening, so that it can be detached when
desired.
It is obvious that my improvements may be applied to lamps for almost any kind of
vehicle, and not only to those used in tramcars.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1
claim is :-
1. In a vehicle lamp, the combination of a series of vertical or upwardly converging
tubes surrounding the wick, and passing through the oil reservoir, à shallow perforated
chamber uniting the upper ends of said tubes below the burner, a series of openings
or perforations in the lamp casing communicating with the lower ends of said tubes,
and a hood or cover protecting said openings or perforations in the direction of
movement of the vehicle, substantially as and for the purpose described.
2. In a vehicle lamp, the combination of a shallow air chamber above the oil
reservoir, and surrounding the wick, a series of perforations in the top wall of said
chamber below the burner, a series of openings or perforations in the lamp casing
communicating with said chamber, and a hood or cover protecting said openings or
perforations in the direction of movement of the vehicle, substantially as and for the
purpose described with reference to Figure 3.
3. In a vehicle lamp, having openings or perforations, such as G in the casing,
for ventilating the lamp, the ineans, substantially as described, whereby a portion of
the air entering said openings or perforations is diverted into the said casing for the
purpose described.
4. The vehicle lamp as a whole, substantially as described and illustrated with
reference to Figures 1, 2, and 4.