Improvements in Steam Generators.
Year: 1899

page_text: Improvements in Steam Generators.
I, PAUL KESTNER, of No. 22, Boulevard Vauban, Lille, France, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My said invention relates to an improved construction of steam generator.
In its simplest form a generator constructed in accordance with my said inven-
tion consists of a vertical heating pipe mounted in a suitable flue where it is
surrounded by the products of combustion from a furnace. The upper end of
the said tube opens into the steam dome of a closed reservoir from which descends
a return pipe communicating with the lower end of the heating pipe. The
vertical heating pipe delivers its contents tangentially against the side of the
steam dome which thus forms a centrifugal separator. The steam is taken away
through a suitable outlet at the upper end of the steam dome. Between the
lower end of the down pipe from the steam reservoir and the heating pipe is a
water reservoir which is supplied by a feed pump. On heat being applied to the
heating pipe steam is formed therein and thus an emulsion or mixture of vapour
and water is formed which is lighter than that in the column of liquid contained
in the down pipe from the closed reservoir. An upward current is thus pro-
duced in the interior of the heating pipe the contents of which are discharged
into the steam dome, while a downward current from the down pipe connected
with the closed reservoir travels into the heating pipe.
Owing to the tangential discharge against the side of the steam dome a move-
ment of rotation is produced which precipitates the water against the walls of
the dome so that the steam taken from the centre of the dome is dry. The water
runs down the walls of the dome to the lower part of the closed reservoir.
The down pipe from the closed reservoir is not exposed to the action of heat so
as not to interfere with the regularity of the circulation.
A control cock is interposed between the down pipe and the heating pipe for
controlling the rate of water supply and thereby preventing such a rapid ebulii-
tion as would produce irregular or intermittent circulation. A water gauge is
placed on the closed reservoir for the purpose of controlling the water level and
observing the state of the circulation by observation of the water precipitated
therein.
The simple form of apparatus hereinbefore referred to for the purpose of
describing the nature of the invention is modified in its practical application by
using an assemblage of heating tubes having a common outlet and a common
inlet communicating with the steam dome and with the lower water reservoir.
In the circulating system I also interpose a sludge box for the collection and
removal of deposit. In some cases I combine with the reservoir a float valve or
the like device for automatically maintaining the water at a constant level.
In one modification of my said invention the products of combustion after
passing out of the main flue containing the heating pipes are deflected down-
wards down a side flue where they are utilised for heating the feed water con-

page_text: tained in a water jacket surrounding the down pipe from the closed reservoir
to the lower end of the heating. pipes. A forced draught or fan may be used
for increasing the chimney draught. As will be understood the details may be
varied to suit the size of the steam generator and local circumstances, for example,
in a large boiler instead of a single assemblage of heating pipes each having a
common inlet and outlet a battery of such assemblages may be used and instead
of a steam separator being mounted directly on the top of the closed reservoir
an independent separator may be used.
Dated this 29th day of November 1899.
E. T. WHITELOW, A.M.Inst.C.E.,
70, Deansgate, Manchester, Agent for the Applicant.
improvements in steam Generators.
I, PAUL KESTNER, of No. 22, Boulevard Vauban, Lille, France, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the follow-
ing statement and the accompanying drawings to which reference is hereinafter
made:
My said invention relates to an improved construction of steam generator.
In its simplest form a generator constructed in accordance with my said inven-
tion is shown in a sectional elevation in Fig. 1.
A vertical heating pipe 2 is mounted in a suitable flue f where it is surrounded
by the products of combustion from the furnace e. The upper end of the pipe t2
opens into the steam dome s of a closed reservoir from which descends a return
pipe t¹ communicating through a mud catcher with the lower end of the heat-
ing pipe . The upper prolongation of the heating pipe 2 is connected to the
steam dome s in the manner shown in sectional plan in Figure 1ª so as to deliver
its contents tangentially against the side of the steam dome. Owing to the gyra-
tory motion imparted to the water by this tangential delivery it is thrown by
centrifugal force against the walls of the steam dome s down which it runs and
is thereby separated from the steam. The steam passes off through a suitable
outlet m at the upper end of the steam dome. The feed water is supplied by a
pump at any convenient point as for instance at 1. The mud or other deposit is
drawn off at r². A water gauge n and the other usual fittings of a steam boiler
are provided.
On heat being applied to the heating pipe steam is formed therein and thus
a kind of emulsion or mixture of steam and of water is formed. This mixture
is of lower specific gravity than that of the column of water contained in the
down pipe and in consequence a downward current is induced in the pipe t¹ and
in consequence a downward current is induced in the pipe t' and an upward
current in the heating pipe which discharges its contents into the steam dome
above the level of the water in the reservoir c. A continuous circulation is
thereby set up. The down pipe t must not be exposed to the action of flame or
gases so hot as to cause the production of steam therein since this would interfere
with the proper circulation.
A control cock is interposed between the down pipe and the heating pipe 2
for controlling the rate of water supply to the latter. This control of the inward
.flow of the water is of great importance for if the water is admitted" full bore"
so to say the tendency is for the tube 2 to be at times fully charged with water