IMPROVEMENTS IN HINGES AND HINGE GUARDS FOR RAILWAY CARBIAGE AND OTHER DOORS, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS APPLICABLE FOR WARMING AND VENTILATING RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Melville Clark, of 53, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention of
IMPROVEMENTS IN HINGES AND HINGE GUARDS FOR RAILWAY CARBIAGE
AND OTHER DOORS, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS APPLICABLE FOR WARMING
AND VENTILATING RAILWAY CARRIAGES."- A communication from abroad
by Pierre Ernest Gegnon, of 13, Boulevart St. Martin. Paris.
Sealed the 1st April 1870, and dated the 21st October 1869..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Melville Clark
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 21st October 1869.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HINGES AND HINGE GUARDS FOR RAILWAY
CARRIAGE AND OTHER DOORS, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS 18 APPLICABLE FOR
WARMING AND VENTILATING RAILWAY CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved mode of hinging doors, more
particularly applicable to the doors of railroad carriages, said improve-
ments being also applicable for warming and ventilating said carriages.
[Price Sd.]

page_text: With the hinges now in use travellers are constantly liable to have
their fingers and attire caught in the door frames in closing the doors,
and this Invention is designed with a view to render such accidents
impossible. Further, by means of these improvements I prevent all
draughts of air entering between the door and frame, and so obtain a
perfectly air-tight closure.
According to this Invention I form the hinge of a tube extending the
whole length of the door, and lodged in a groove made in the thickness
of the door and frame. This tube is fixed to the door, and in it is
inserted a hollow pin fixed to the carriage framing. Instead of the
hinge being formed of a single tube there may be a series abutting end
to end. This tube (or tubes) forms a joint which cannot by any
possibility be closed upon the fingers or attire. The pin of the hinge
being made hollow may be prolonged either above or below the door,
and bent if desired, for connection with a pipe through which the
exhaust steam may circulate for the purpose of warming the carriages.
The tubes of the several carriages would be united by flexible tubing to
allow of the free movement of the carriages. In lieu of warming the
carriages I may introduce cold air for cooling the same through the
hollow pins of the hinges, supplied by means of a funnel, the mouth of
which is kept facing the line of motion of the train. In this manner
the fresh air entering may be distributed by means of the tubes into the
compartments of the carriages through the hollow hinge joints.
I may also in lieu of the foregoing arrangement employ ordinary
hinges, and cover the joint between the door and frame with a strip or
band of india-rubber, which also serves as a spring to keep the door
closed.
This Invention is illustrated in the accompanying Drawing, which
shows the arrangement of the improved hinge and hinge guard.
Figure 1 represents an outside view of a door provided with the
improved tubular hinge extending the whole height of the door;
Figure 2 is a sectional elevation of the same; Figure 3 shows a
horizontal section of the hinge on an enlarged scale. The reference
letters apply to the three Figures.
a, door frame, grooved throughout its length, as seen; b, door, which
is also similarly grooved on edge to receive the tubular hinge c between
it and the frame a; d, plates fixed to the framing at top and bottom of
the door, carrying hollow pius e, e, serving as axes of rotation for the

page_text: tubular hinge c, or one piu e only may be. used, extending throughout
tube c; d, plates securing tube c at top and bottom of the door.
Figure 4 shows a horizontal section of a door 6 provided with an ordinary
hinge a attached to framing c, the joint being covered from end to end
by a strip of india-rubber or other elastic material d to exclude draughts
and prevent the insertion of the fingers or dress, and also to serve as a
spring for keeping the door closed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Alexander Melville Clark in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 20th April 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALEXANDER
MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Alexander Melville Clark, Her special
licence that I, the said Alexander Melville Clark, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Alexander Melville
Clark, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HINGES AND HINGE GUARDS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGE AND
OTHER DOORS, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS APPLICABLE FOR WARMING AND
VENTILATING RAILWAY CARRIAGES," a communication to me from abroad:
by Pierre Ernest Gegnon, of 13, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Alexander Melville Clark,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under iny,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great.
.

page_text: Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alexander Melville Clark, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings
hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that
is to say) :-
This Invention relates to an improved mode of hinging doors, more
particularly applicable to the doors of railroad carriages, said improve-
ments being also applicable for warming and ventilating railroad
carriages.
With the hinges now in use travellers are coustantly liable to
have their fingers and attire caught in the door frames in closing the
doors, and this Invention is designed with a view to render such
accidents impossible. Further, by means of these improvements I
prevent all draughts of air entering between the door and frame, and
so obtain a perfectly air-tight closure.
.
According to this Invention I form the hinge of a tube extending the
whole length of the door, and lodged in a groove made in the thickness
of the door and frame. This tube is fixed to the door, and in it is
inserted a hollow pin fixed to the carriage fraining. Instead of the
Linge being formed of a single tube there may be a series abutting end
to end. This tube (or tubes) forms a joint which cannot by any
possibility be closed upon the fingers or attire. The pin of the hinge
being made hollow may be prolonged either above or below the door,
and beut if desired, for connection with a pipe through which the
exhaust steam from the locomotive may circulate for the purpose of
warming the carriages. The tubes of the several carriages would be
united by flexible tubing to allow of the free movement of the carriages.
In lieu of warming the carriages I may introduce cold air for cooling
the same through the hollow pins of the hinges, supplied by means of a
funnel, the mouth of which is kept facing the line of motion of the
train. In this manner the fresh air entering may be distributed by
means of the tubes into the compartments of the carriages through the
hollow hinge joints.
may.
L also in lieu of the foregoing arrangement employ ordinary
hinges, and cover the joint between the door and frame with a strip

page_text: This Invention is illustrated in the accompanying Drawing, which
shows the arrangement of the improved hinge and hinge guard.
Figure 1 represents an outside view of a door provided with the
improved tubular hinge extending the whole height of the door;
Figure 2 is a sectional elevation of the same; Figure 3 shows a
horizontal section of the hinge on an enlarged scale. The reference
letters apply to the three Figures.
a, door frame, grooved throughout its length, as seen; b, door, which
is also similarly grooved on edge to receive the tubular hinge e between
it and the frame a; d, plates fixed to the framing at top and bottom of
the door, carrying hollow pins e, e, serving as axes of rotation for the
tubular hinge c, or one pin e only may be used, extending throughout
tube c; d, plates securing tube c at top and bottom of the door.
Figure 4 shows an elevation of a carriage door the hinge of which is
composed of a series of tubes placed end to end; Figure 5 is a horizontal
section of same on line 3, 4, Figure 4; Figure 6 is also a horizontal
section of the tubular hinge on a larger scale. The reference letters
apply to the three Figures.
a, door frame, grooved in the manner shown, to receive the several
short tubes c, which also fit in a similar groove in door b, and so form a
joint; d, sockets, screwed alternately to the door and frame; e, hollow
axis, through which steam may pass for heating the carriages, as before
mentioned.
Figure 7 shows a horizontal section of a railroad carriage door b pro-
vided with an ordinary hinge a attached to framing e, the joint being
covered from end to end by a strip of india-rubber or other elastic
material d to exclude draughts and prevent the insertion of the fingers
or dress, and also to serve as a spring for keeping the door closed.
Having described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be
protected by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
1st. Constructing hinges for railroad carriage and other doors of a tube
(or it may be of a series of tubes placed end to end) mounted on one or

page_text: two pins or centres, which may be made hollow if desired, the whole
being secured to the door and frame, substantially as shown and
described, with the object of preventing damage to the fingers and
dress in closing the doors, also for excluding draughts of air, and,
lastly, for ventilating and warming railroad carriages by the aid of
such hollow hinges, all as herein-before described.
2ndly. I claim the arrangement of hinge guard illustrated in Figure 7,
as and for the purposes specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Melville Clark, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of April, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
Witness,
W. G. E. SwWINNOCK,
53, Chancery Lane.
A. M. CLARA.
(4.5.)