matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPES FOR SMOKING TOBACCO AND IN HOLDERS FOR CIGARS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Thompson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th July 1880.
JOSEPH THOMPSON, of Manor House, 124, Camberwell Road, in the County of
Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPES FOR SMOKING TOBACCO AND IN HOLDERS
FOR CIGARS."
This Invention claims to be of great public utility, and will conduce to the
comfort and improvement in health of smokers, who may be numbered by millions
of Her Majesty's subjects in England and in all parts of the world.
The object of this Invention is so to construct pipes as to render it almost
impossible for the smoker to get the nicotianine into the mouth, it being of such a
poisonous nature. The same object may be attained in cigar holders and mouth
pieces of every description and of any material.
The object of this Invention is not only to separate and absorb the nicotianine,
but also to improve and regulate the action of the smoke, and render the smoking
process more regular, even, and pleasant, as the smoke is in some measure purified
by having to pass through the prepared recess or chamber, the packing of which
absorbs the nicotianine.
The construction of the receiver, or recess, or chamber, made to receive a quantity
of wool or other absorbing material, is by having a small bulb or vessel in the tube
of any common clay or other pipe open at the top, which may be plugged or corked
up when packed with the absorbing material, and which, by removing the plug,
will allow the wool or other absorbing material to be removed and replaced with
new when required.
For superior pipes and cigar holders the bulb, or receiver, or recess, or chamber
is formed by having a connection or screw union, which when open or undone
exposes the whole of the vessel or retainer, so that the wool, or packing material,
or absorber may be easily put in or removed, and the pipe cleaned and adjusted.
These bulbs or receivers can be constructed of wood or metal of every description,
and clay and other material, and are not only applicable to new pipes and holders,
but can be so constructed as to be applied and fitted to old pipes and holders;
and those of superior quality will, by having a tube attached to them, be eligible
to be attached to any pipe or holder and removed at pleasure, and also pipes and
holders for cigars made with the recess absorber.

page_text: The Drawing, Figure 1, will shew the nature of the Invention. A, largo
retainer or bulb; B and C, sockets to receive old or new pipes and mouth
pieces.
The bulb or retainer may be much smaller than shewn on Drawing, Figure 1, in
fact made to any size to suit taste if of sufficient size for packing absorber A.
The recess or retainer of nicotianine is made with screw union or connector D.
E, E, shew sockets for end of pipe and mouth pieces, &c.
Mouth pieces or cigar holders may be made with recess or retainer, and for
reception of wool or other absorber, as shewn by Drawing, Figure 2.
MENTS IN MINING LAMPS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Thallon at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd August 1880.
HENRY THALLON, of Richmond, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman.
MENTS IN MINING LAMPS."
"IMPROVE-
This Invention has for its object the prevention of mining accidents through the
carelesness of the miners, and consists of the adoption of a corrugated extinguisher
fixed on to a square or octagon metal rod, which rod is passed through the base of
the lamp by means of a hollow cylinder fitted into the reservoir. No key is
required as in the ordinary lamps, as a bolt is fitted inside the lamp on the
reservoir, on which the extinguisher when drawn down presses, and releasing a
The action of
spring the lamp can then be unscrewed in the ordinary manner.
opening extinguishes all light or flame there may be in the lamp, thus proving an
effectual guard against accident by careless exposure to the impure air of the mine.
Any existing mining lamp can be fitted with this extinguisher at a small cost.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH GLOBES OR LANTERNS FOR LAMPS OR OTHER LIGHTING APPARATUS
Year: 1880

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick John Brougham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd February 1880. A
communication from abroad by Monsieur Cyprien Sabatou, of Paris, in the
Republic of France.
FREDERICK JOHN BROUGHAM, of 7, Whitehall Place, in the City of Westminster.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH GLOBES OR LANTERNS FOR LAMPS OR OTHER
LIGHTING APPARATUS." (A communication from abroad by Monsieur Cyprien
Sabatou, of Paris, in the Republic of France.)
This Invention relates to improvements in or connected with globes or lanterns
such as are used to surround gas, oil, candle, electric, and other lights or burners,
and the Invention is designed to increase or modify the luminous brilliancy or
intensity of such lights. To this end two hollow globes or glasses of any suitable
shape are arranged one within the other, and hermetically joined together, and
between them is interposed distilled or filtered water or other suitable liquid, such
as white refined oil, glycerine, or the like.
In the water also is dissolved a silver salt (sel d'argent) or other analagous salt,
and a colored tint is imparted to the liquid or solution, so as to modify the natural
colour of the flame or light surrounded by the improved globes or lanterns.
The inner of two globes or glasses arranged one within the other, as above, may
serve as an argand lamp, and the two may be joined together by means of mastic
or cement, solder blowing, or otherwise.
The improved globes or lanterns, as above described, may be applied to
incandescent electric lights in vacuum, in which case the air within such globes
or lanterns is exhausted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VELVET
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Collinge and Robert
Collinge at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th August
1880.
EDWARD COLLINGE and ROBERT COLLINGE, both of Oldham, in the County of
Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VELVET."
This Invention relates to an improvement upon the subject of former Letters
Patent granted to us and Richard Scott Collinge, bearing date respectively January
10th, 1880, No. 114, and April 5th, 1880, No. 1379, and consists of an improved
ribbed back velvet, woven with twelve ends and thirty picks to the round, the pile
threads floating over nine ends, and there being four face picks between each two
back picks.
The first, sixth, eleventh, sixteenth, twenty first, and twenty sixth, are the
binders or back picks.
The first pick passes under one, over two, under two, over two and so on.
The eleventh and the twenty first are the same as the first pick.
The sixth, sixteenth, and twenty sixth. picks are also alike, and pass over one,
under two, over two and so on.
The second, ninth, seventeenth, and twenty fourth face picks are alike passing
under one, over one, under one, and floating over nine ends."
The third, tenth, eighteenth, and twenty fifth face picks are alike, and pass
over two, then bind under one, over one, under one, and float over seven ends.
The fourth, twelfth, nineteenth, and twenty seventh face picks are alike, and
float over four then bind under one, over one, under one, and float over the rest.
The fifth, thirteenth, twentieth, and twenty eighth face picks are alike,
floating over six, then binding with three as before and floating the rest.
The seventh, fourteenth, twenty second, and twenty ninth face picks are alike,
floating over eight then binding with three and floating over the twelfth, and
The eighth, fifteenth, twenty third, and thirtieth face picks are alike, passing
under one, then floating over nine and binding under the eleventh, and over the
twelfth ends, thus completing the rounds.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GIVING AN ALARM AND MORE EFFECTUALLY SECURING DOORS, WINDOWS, AND THE LIKE CLOSURES WHEN AN ATTEMPT IS MADE TO OPEN SAME BY BURGLARS OR INTRUDERS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Anthony Charles Farrington at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd December 1880.
ANTHONY CHARLES FARRINGTON, of Shelfanger, in the County of Norfolk,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GIVING AN ALARM AND MORE
EFFECTUALLY SECURING DOORS, WINDOWS, AND THE LIKE CLOSURES WHEN AN
ATTEMPT IS MADE TO OPEN SAME BY BURGLARS OR INTRUDERS."
The object of this Invention is to construct and arrange an economical and
efficient apparatus for giving an alarm when burglars or other intruders attempt
to enter a dwelling or apartment.
For this purpose, in any suitable and convenient place, generally near the opening
apparatus thereof, I fit and fix a metal bolt, varying in size according to
circumstances, sliding in an outer case. Near one end of this case, and within it
and behind the bolt, I fix a suitable coil-spring to force the bolt forward when the
latter is liberated. On the door-frame I fix a socket, staple, or jointed circular cap
or cover, and beyond it a small projection or nipple facing the bolt, suited to
receive thereon an ordinary gun-cap. In the outerside of the said case I form a
longitudinal slit or opening, in which slides a catch to draw in the said bolt, which
may also be done by a loop at the back, and thereby compress the said coil-spring ;
the catch is then fixed by a neck or projection thereon being pressed by a spring
into a lateral slot in the bolt case. This catch is formed with three countersunk
holes or recesses in which fit the points of a metal connector to liberate or operate
such catch; the other end of this connector is fitted or inserted in a hole or holes
in the door handle or latch. In the case of china and glass knobs and the like to
doors, I connect such knobs to the said catch by a piece of tough leather or other
suitable material.
When the bolt is set for use, which is done, as before explained, by such bolt
being forced against and compressing the said coil-spring and there fixed. On using
the door handle in the ordinary way, the said catch is raised clear of the bolt and
thus liberates it, when the coil-spring forcibly shoots the bolt into the socket, and,
as arranged, can either detonate a gun-cap, operate the striker of a gong, or a bell-
crank. Besides, when the bolt is sprung into the socket or staple, the door is
further secured against the burglar or intruder.
The object of the jointed cap is that the apparatus may be otherwise set for giving
an alarm in an unoccupied room or dwelling without the bolt securing the door,
and thus shutting out the rightful occupiers.

page_text: By modifications of the above details my improved apparatus can be adapted to
windows and other closures.
It will be readily perceived that by the said apparatus bells may be rung or
gongs sounded in any or every room of a dwelling, however large, and even on the
outside of a roof or top of a tower; also a variety of other alarm signals may be
thereby operated.
AN IMPROVED FOUNTAIN PEN
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nicolas Treinen at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th August 1880.
NICOLAS TREINEN, of No. 1, Great Pultney Street, Golden Square, in the
County of Middlesex, Watchmaker. "AN IMPROVED FOUNTAIN PEN."
This Invention has reference to what are known as "fountain," or "everlasting
pens," that is, instruments in which a quantity of ink or writing fluid is placed,
and in which it is kept until required to be used, when by pressure or other means
it is allowed to flow.
A
According to my Invention I employ a case of suitable size terminating at a
point with a small hole therein, and closed at the top by a removeable cover.
needle is placed within the said case, its pointed end normally projecting through
the hole in the point of the case, and its top end, which is flattened so as to form a
spring, is fastened to the top part of the interior of the case in any suitable
manner. In the side of the case near its top a small air hole is formed, which is
normally closed by the top part or spring end of the needle.
The modus operandi of the apparatus is as follows:-
The cover is unfastened and the instrument filled with ink, and the cover
replaced. By the act of pressing the point of the instrument on paper or other
writing surface, the needle is pushed up into the case, its projecting point thus
retiring therein. At the same time the upper or spring end uncovers the hole in
the top portion of the case, thereby allowing air to enter and the ink to flow
through the point at the bottom.
It will thus be seen that the apparatus is composed of only three parts, i.e., a case,
a cover, and a needle having at its top a spring or equivalent means for by the same
movement uncovering the air hole at the top of the case and allowing the point of
the needle to retire within the case.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO REVOLVING BLACK ASH FURNACES
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Simpson, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Merchant, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO
REVOLVING BLACK ASH FURNACES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Simpson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th January 1880.
JAMES SIMPSON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Merchant.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO REVOLVING BLACK ASH FURNACES."
This Invention relates to horizontal or nearly horizontal revolving black ash and
like furnaces heated internally by heated gases and products of combustion from a
fire place situated at one end thereof. The object is to so construct such furnaces
that the temperature maintained therein shall be under better control than at
present, and may be adapted to the requirements of the process taking place, thus
allowing of a reduction in the quantity of fuel used to effect any given operation.
The said construction of furnaces also permits of a higher temperature being
obtained than is possible with the present construction, thus making such furnaces
available for purposes to which they were not hitherto applicable.
The Invention consists essentially in placing over the fire place beneath the roof,
and opposite to the opening through which the heated gases and products of
combustion pass into the revolving furnace, a tuyere or nozzle out of which air is
propelled through the products of combustion over the fire grate and burning fuel
into the said revolving furnace. Two or more such tuyeres or nozzles may be
employed, and the air before injection may be heated by the waste gases and
products of combustion passing from the rotating furnace or otherwise. Injectors,
blowers, or other suitable apparatus are employed to give motion to the propelled
air. Steam and air mixed or from separate tuyeres or nozzles may in some cases
be injected into the said furnaces.

page_text: JAMES SIMPSON. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEARING APPAREL
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Paul at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th January 1880.
WILLIAM PAUL, of the Firm of William Paul and Son, of Portadown, Ireland.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WEARING APPAREL."
The first part of my Invention may be applied to coats, waistcoats, or jackets, to
be worn either by ladies or gentlemen, but is chiefly applicable to overcoats, and
consists in forming the coat or other garment in such a manner that it shall be both
single breasted and double breasted. For this purpose the cloth or other material
is so cut that a part of it on each side of the front of the garment may be folded
back.
When it is desired to wear the garment single breasted these folds are fastened
back at each side by means of buttons, or by other suitable means, and when the
garment is required to be double breasted the said folds are unfastened and one
fold is placed over the other, the overlapping fold being fastened by the same
buttons or other fastenings which secure the other fold when the garment is worn
single breasted.
On the front part of the garment I fix a series of loops in such a manner that
when the garment is worn single breasted it may be fastened by passing these
loops one through the other from the lowest one up to the top or collar of the
garment, or vice versa, the last loop being secured by a hook or other suitable
means, or it may be secured by the fastening that is used to secure the collar.
The second part of my Invention consists in forming a wrap or knee cover in
such a manner that it may be used as a hood, either alone or in combination with
the coat or other garment before-mentioned.
For this purpose I affix near one edge of the wrap or knee cover a strip of ribbon
or other material, I then pass two cords through the said strip in opposite directions
and fix one end of each cord at each end of the said strip, so that each cord traverses
the whole length of the strip. The other ends of the said cords I pass through two
smaller strips or loops of ribbon or other material fixed near the opposite edge of
the wrap or knee cover, and the cords are prevented from slipping out of the
said loops by means of tassels or other suitable contrivances attached to their ends.
When the wrap or knee cover is placed over the head of the wearer, on the cords
Din Q31

page_text: being drawn tight and fastened a perfect hood or cowl is formed, which may be
worn either on or off the head, and the cords are so arranged that they do not
interfere with the use of the wrap or knee cover in the usual manner.
Shoulder-pieces or epaulets may be affixed to the coat or other garment, in order
that when the wrap or knee cover is worn as a hood it may be better secured over t
the shoulders of the person wearing it by means of the said shoulder-pieces or
epaulets.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF THE FEED WATER OF BOILERS FOR PREVENTING INCRUSTATION
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th July 1880.
A communication from Alexander Stock, of Guben, in the German Empire.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. v.
Nawrocki, of 124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, in the German Empire, Patent Agent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF THE FEED WATER OF BOILERS FOR
PREVENTING INCRUSTATION." A communication from Alexander Stock, of Guben,
in the German Empire.
This Invention has for its object to convert the mineral substances which cause
the incrustation of boilers into easily soluble compounds in such a manner that
the deposition of hard mineral matter in the boiler is prevented, the boiler
water being drawn off at intervals of time depending upon the quantity of
salt dissolved in the water. The compounds of lime and baryta are converted into
soluble compounds by the addition of chloride of magnesium or other chlorides..
Water containing compound of magnesia is treated with the sulphates of iron,
copper, or zinc, or with alum, and silicious feed water with aluminate of soda.
The compounds of lime, baryta, magnesia, and alumina may also be treated with
Chlorates and nitrates may
acetates, or with the salt of pyroligneous acid.
also be used.
Care must be taken that the quantity of soluble salt in the boiler water is
kept sufficiently low to prevent corrosion. The ingredients may be added to the
feed water in any suitable manner, the necessary quantity being ascertained by a
chemical analysis of the feed water.
STRAP JOINTS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Ewerbard at the Office of the
Comisssioners of Patents on the 22nd November 1880.
JOSEPH EWERHARD, of Gevelsberg, Westphalia, Prussia.
STRAP JOINTS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
My said Invention relates to an improved strap-joint, and consists of a buckle of
three studs, the ends of which are united by side plates.
The object of my Invention is to join the strap ends full and solid, without any
damage done to them by holes, as is the case with most of the usual strap-joints, or
by excessive squeezing of the leather or material of the strap or driving band. At
the same time my improved buckle-joint allows of the most simple and rapid
management of joining and separating the straps, and in working no obstacle is
caused by projecting edges and uneven parts.
The security of my said improved joint is derived from the friction of the strap-
ends against each other and against the studs of the buckle; the said friction is
caused by the tension of the strap when working, and it is sufficient if the angle
formed by the planes of the strap-ends is smaller than the double angle of friction
of leather upon leather, or leather upon metal. The security of this joint increases
in the same proportion as the said angle becomes more acute; the friction may be
increased by giving the studs of the buckle where the straps pass over them an
uneven surface, either by ribs or little prongs or other suitable means.
The side plates of the buckle are made as thin as possible to avoid their projecting
to an objectionable extent over the breadth of the strap. The ends of the sides are
well rounded off to allow their clear passage through the forks which put the strap
in gear and out of gear.
The strap will be squeezed by the studs of the said buckle joint only in
proportion to its tension, and the security accordingly does not suffer by the
compression.
In using my said improved joint, straps of little or medium strength may easily
be united without the aid of any tool. With strong straps I prefer to wet the ends
in order to make them smooth and pliable.
The said strap joint is also particularly useful for uniting woven driving bands
(of cotton) as all the threads of the fabrics are equally squeezed, and the texture
cannot fringe out.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR CLEANING AND POLISHING TABLE KNIVES AND FORKS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Pinchbeck at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd July 1880.
JOHN PINCHBECK, of No. 11, Bridge Street, Westminster, in the County of
Middlesox, Civil Engineer. "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR CLEANING AND POLISHING
TABLE KNIVES AND FORKS."
I take a piece of wood of suitable size and thickness, into which I work a recess
to receive a pad of vulcanized india rubber or other pliable substance. The recess
not being so deep as the india rubber is thick, allows it to project or stand up about
a sixteenth of an inch or so above the wood. On each side of this pad I place a
steel flattened C spring, the lower limb of which is firmly fixed to the wood
base aforesaid by means of bolts and nuts, and on the top limb of the said C
spring, a bearing is fixed by means of screws. Each bearing forms part of the
sides of a hopper into which the emery or other cleaning powder is placed. In these
bearings revolve a spindle upon which a roller of vulcanised india rubber or other
suitable substance is fixed, and at the extremity a crank handle by which motion is
imparted to the roller. The C springs have the power to cause the roller to bear
hard upon the stationary pad between which the blade of the knife to be cleaned
is inserted. Two adjusting thumbscrews are tapped into the upper limb of the C
springs, the points of which rest on the lower limbs of the same, so that the
necessary pressure may be regulated, while the flexibility of the springs allow the
roller to assume any angle to the fixed pad to allow for the unequal thickness of
the blade. The emery or cleaning powder falls through a narrow slit in the
hopper onto the revolving roller, thus keeping it supplied with fresh powder.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF OMNIBUSES, TRAM CARS, AND OTHER SIMILAR VEHICLES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Brothers at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd September 1880.
CHARLES BROTHERS, of Saint Paneras, in the County of Middlesex. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF OMNIBUSES, TRAM CARS, AND OTHER SIMILAR
VEHICLES."
This Invention relates to "Improvements in the Construction of Omnibuses,
Tram Cars, and other similar Vehicles," and has for its object to afford greatly
increased convenience to passengers in such vehicles by affording them similar
privacy and comfort therein to that obtainable by riding in a cab or other private
vehicle.
In order to carry out such Invention I divide the body of the vehicle longi-
tudinally with a partition running from back to front thereof.
On either side of this partition I construct any convenient number of seats,
divided from each other by suitable partitions, thus forming separate compartments.
In these partitions suitable sashes, or their equivalents, are placed, to allow of eacli
compartiment being shut off from the adjoining one when desired.
In order to afford convenient access to these seats or compartments a continuous
foot board extending the entire length of the vehicle is placed on either side thereof,
and each compartment or seat is inclosed in front by suitable doors, or their
equivalents, so arranged as to afford easy access thereto.
The occupants of the seats are protected from the weather by the roof of the
vehicle, to which blinds, or their equivalents, are attached, so as when required to
allow of each compartment being completely enclosed, while the roof is arranged
to carry open seats in the ordinary manner, to which convenient access is provided.
Such open seats may, if desired, be furnished with a fixed or adjustable covering so
as to afford shelter to the occupants.
The lower seats are protected from the wheels by suitable screens, so arranged.
as to afford entire protection from splashing and other inconveniences.
Suitable ventilation is also provided in each compartment so as to ensure comfort
to the occupant thereof. Moreover, each compartment is fitted with a check string,
or its equivalent, communicating with a bell or other signal to allow of the occupant
indicating to the guard when he desires to stop.
MENTS IN AND APPARATUS FOR UNITING LEAD PIPING
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Brown at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th February 1880. A communication
from abroad by Emil Montgomery Hugentobler, of the City of Paris, in the
Republic of France, Consulting Engineer.
"IMPROVE-
THOMAS BROWN, of 23, Rood Lane, in the City of London, Engineer.
A communication from
MENTS IN AND APPARATUS FOR UNITING LEAD PIPING."
abroad by Emil Montgomery Hugentobler, of the City of Paris, in the Republic of
France, Consulting Engineer.
The purpose of this Invention is to unite the ends of lead piping in an improved
and more simple manner than hitherto.
This Invention consists of a cylindrical bushing of suitable internal diameter to
correspond with that of the piping. This bushing, which may be of seamless brass,
copper, galvanized tubing, or other convenient material (tinned where necessary)
has its outer side covered with solder cast upon it in the shape of a double truncated
cone, and at the junction of the cone bases formed into a shoulder or collar, against
which to press the ends of the piping. In the case of the connection of faucets
and branches, or where the junction is of more than two ends of piping, the bushing
is made of a T or other suitable form, the truncated cones tapering towards each
end of the piping to be connected, and each arm corresponding in internal diameter
with the pipe it is to enter.
The mode of application of this Invention is as follows:-
The ends of the piping to be united are flared or enlarged by means of a tapering
tool or mandril, or where the size of the piping adinits of it their interior diameter
may be rhimed out, so that they may fit tightly on the bushing and press with
their ends against the shoulder or collar. A suitable flux having been applied to
the solder if necessary, and the pipe ends fitted onto the bushing, heat is applied by
means of a plumbers tool, torch, blow-pipe, or in other convenient manner until
the solder is melted, which may be perceived by the softening of the shoulder or
collar.
A pair of suitable tongs may be used to draw the ends of the pipe forcibly
against the shoulder, and to hold the piping by one hand during the application
of the heat by the other hand.
The bushings for straight joints may be formed by casting the cones and shoulders
of solder upon a continuous length of tubing, which is then cut into the required
pieces.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOWING AND REAPING MACHINES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adain Carlisle Bamlett at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th May 1880.
ADAM CARLISLE BAMLETT, of Thirsk, in the County of York, Agricultural
Implement Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOWING AND REAPING MACHINES."
This Invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in mowing and
reaping machines.
The first part of the Invention relates to mowing machines.
In order to enable the driver more readily to elevate the points of the cutters,
I pivot the bracket that carries the regulating lever, which has formed on it a
projection, pressure on which by the driver's foot elevates the points of the cutters.
The pole bracket is supported by a front wheel, and the pole is pivoted and works
in a slot.
The second part of the Invention relates to reaping machines.
The driver's seat in reaping machines I fix on a bracket fitted loosely on the
main axle. It has two positions, one in work and at an angle, and one parallel
This bracket
with the driving wheel, for passing through lanes, gates, and the like.
is held in position by a connection with the pole. The cutters are raised or lowored
by a screw, operated on by the driver through an intermediate spindle.
To raise the platform and finger bar, I use a right and left hand screw, working
at cach end in a pivoted nut, one nut being on the body of the machine and the
other on the finger bar.
In back delivery reapers, to prevent the rake scattering the sheaf and enable it
better to pick up laid corn, I give it a feathering motion by hinging the rakes to
the reel arms, a cam on the reel bearing connected with a projection on the rakes
causes them to release their hold on the sheaf when passing over the platform.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM-BOILERS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Addy Hopkinson and Joseph Hopkinson, both of
the Firm of J. Hopkinson and Co., of Huddersfield, in the County of York,
Engineers, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM-BOILERS."
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Addy Hopkinson and
Joseph Hopkinson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th
August 1880.
JOHN ADDY HOPKINSON and JOSEPHI HOPKINSON, both of the Firm of
J. Hopkinson & Co., of Huddersfield, in the County of York, Engineers.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM-BOILERS.”
"
This Invention has for one of its objects the more perfect circulation of water
than has heretofore existed in steam boilers. The said Invention may be applied
to various kinds or classes of boilers, but is particularly advantageous for the
so called Lancashire boilers and others in which water-circulating tubes extend
transversely through or across the flues. According to the said Invention we
provide such tubes with extension-pieces in such a manner as to improve the
circulation of the water by causing the portion of the same which lies at or near
the bottoin of the boiler, and the circulation of which is most desirable, to rise
through the said circulating tubes. The water-tubes as at present arranged do
not extend beyond the upper and lower sides of the flues, and therefore only cause
the circulation of the water immediately adjacent to the said flues, leaving between
the bottom of the flues and the bottom of the boiler a large mass of stagnant or
"dead" water.
According to one method of carrying our Invention into practice we attach by
screws, bolts, or rivets to the bottom of the flue or to the lower end of the
circulating tube a metal block or piece, which serves for the attachment of the
said extension or auxiliary piece.
According to another method we place at the top or any other portion of the
tube a bridge or cross-bar, from which a rod or bar extends downward, and is

page_text: provided with a nut or other means for securing the block to the tube or flue; or
we may use for securing the said block any other means which will accomplish the
desired purpose. The said extension or auxiliary tubes or pieces are attached to
this block, and extended to those portions of the boiler in which the stagnant or
dead" water lies, and are properly arranged to cause and maintain the circulation E
of the same.
st
The said Invention also comprises the combination in a steam-boiler of the above
described improvements, and any or all of the improvements described in our
Provisional Specifications filed with our applications for Letters Patent, dated
August 4th, A.D. 1880, No. 3184, and August 9th, A.D. 1880, Nos. 3256 and 1
3258.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTAL PILE FABRICS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Orr and John Ingram at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd April 1880.
JOHN ORR and JOHN INGRAM, both of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTAL PILE FABRICS."
This Invention has for its object the employment of gold, silver, or "bullion"
thread in an economical manner in producing woven fabrics, and thus to supply an
improved ornamental pile fabric of a novel and superior kind.
In the modes hitherto employed in introducing bullion or other metallic threads
into ornamental woven fabrics great waste of expensive material has been involved,
the metallic threads being hitherto floated on the back or reverse side of the fabric
where not required in the design or figure. According to this Invention the
bullion or other metallic threads are presented at the desired parts of the finished
fabric, so as to suit the intended design by being introduced during the first or
preparatory weaving of what is known as Axminster fur material or chenille.
Such fur material or chenille is afterwards used in a well understood way in
weaving the second or finished fabric, either in the single or reversible styles, a
great economy being thereby affected, and an improved ornamental pile fabric
obtained, possessing the metallic sparkle desiderated at the present time.
IMPROVED METHOD OF JOINING LEATHER STRAPS FOR DRIVING BELTS AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Taylor Wheelhouse at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th December 1880.
"AN
TAYLOR WHEELHOUSE, of Clifton, near Brighouse, in the County of York.
IMPROVED METHOD OF JOINING LEATHER STRAPS FOR DRIVING BELTS AND OTHER
PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to the method of joining leather straps, such as driving
belts, combing leathers, gill box leathers, and other similar articles, and the
improvements consist in connecting the ends of the leather together by a dovetail
or tenon connection. or of such other form so that one piece fits into the other to
prevent them being separated by tension in opposite direction. After the ends are
so connected the joint is stitched or sewn, by which means a better joint is obtained
than heretofore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRIME MOVERS OR ROTARY ENGINES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Allan at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th June 1880.
WILLIAM ALLAN, of Sunderland, in the County of Durham, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRIME MOVERS OR ROTARY ENGINES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in prime movers or rotary
engines.
In my improved rotary engine I have a disc fast upon the shaft which the
engine is required to drive. On the face of this disc thero is a projecting "piston,"
which is received into an annular groove in the face of a second or fixed disc.
Within the groove in the fixed disc (which groove I term the "cylinder") I
provide a stop or abutment; the passages for entrance or oxhaust are on each side
of the abutment piece.. In order to permit the "piston" to pass, the abutment is
at the proper time withdrawn in a radial direction. It is controlled by means of a
cam groove formed in the face of the piston disc, and a stud upon the abutment
enters the cam groove, and is made to move in and out by a rod with a piston,
contained in a small auxiliary cylinder, and I cause pressure to be admitted at the
proper times to this cylinder, first on one side of the piston and then on the other.
The valves for this purpose are moved by cams or eccentrics upon the engine
shaft. The disc which carries the "piston" is formed with a long boss passing through
the middle of the "cylinder" disc. Also at the other side of the piston disc the
boss passes through a cover which encloses the back of the piston disc. The cover
is bolted around the periphery of the "cylinder" disc.
"
There are stuffing boxes at each end of the boss forming tight joints with the
cylinder disc and with the cover. Pressure is admitted between the cover and
back of the piston disc, and this serves to keep faced surfaces upon the "piston
disc in contact with corresponding surfaces upon the "cylinder" disc. The area
exposed to pressure is somewhat greater at the back than upon the face side of the
"piston" disc. There are also faced surfaces upon the cover and upon the back of
the "piston" disc where these parts come into contact. The admission is controlled
by a valve actuated by eccentrics or cams upon the shaft. The valve opens as soon
as the "piston" passes the abutment, and closes on the completion of a larger or
smaller proportion of the stroke, depending on how the valve is set, and according
as it may be desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Thomis and James Pickles at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th November 1880.
ISAAC THOMIS, of Eccleshill, in the County of York, Designer, and JAMES
PICKLES, of Bradford, also in the County of York, Temple Maker. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOOMS."
The object of this Invention is to weave two or more pieces at one time, that is,
with one warp, and when the pieces are cut to present a selvedge differing very
slightly in appearance from that of an ordinary selvedge.
When it is desired to weave two pieces at one time one of our improvements is
attached to the middle of the top rail and consists of a metal framework. To the
bottom portion of this framework are fixed two needles, side by side, having eyes
through which the outer thread (when cut) of each piece passes. Behind these two
needles are two wire rods having a flattened portion S shaped. In the top and
bottom of each bend of the S is an eye. The tops of these two rods are attached
by means of swivel joints to a crosshead, which is guided up or down, as the case
may be, by the two sides of the metal frame. To the bottom of these rods is
attached a spring or other elastic to keep them down. The two outer threads of
the two pieces are made to pass in weaving through two eyes in the framework,
and then passed through the two eyes of the needles. We also pass one thread
through each of the eyes in the bends of the S in the wire rods. These two
threads in each S make the second and third thread of the selvedge when cut.
The crosshead to which the rods are attached is actuated by means of jack rods or
levers, and is given an upward motion by means of the swivel joint to cross head.
When pulled upwards on one side of the crosshead the threads through the eyes of
the S's are made to cross each other. When pulled up on the other side of the
crosshead the threads are made to cross the other way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STUD FASTENINGS FOR GARMENTS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Cornelius Desormeaux Saunders, the
elder, James Francis Hollings Shepherd, and Laurence Saunders at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th October 1880.
CORNELIUS DESORMEAUX SAUNDERS, the elder, JAMES FRANCIS HOLLINGS
SHEPHERD, and LAURENCE SAUNDERS, all of 25, Bartlett's Buildings, Holborn
Circus, in the City of London, "IMPROVEMENTS IN STUD FASTENINGS FOR
GARMENTS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in stud fastenings for garments.
We construct stud fastenings for garments each in two parts; the head with the
shank forms one part, and the foot with a socket upon it to receive the shank forms
the other part.
The shank is fixed to the head, and it consists of two stems fixed in the centre of
the head on its under side. These steins although close together are not in contact,
and just below the head they are bent and fashioned into a bulb.
The socket fixed upon the foot of the stud fastening and in the centre thereof is
tubular, and it is contracted near the mouth, so that at this part it is smaller in
diameter internally than it is further in or closer to the foot. This neck in the socket
is smaller than the bulb upon the shank, but the shank being in two parts the bulb
can be compressed by springing the parts inwards until they come into contact,
and when this is done the bulb on the shank is just able to pass the neck of the
socket. The socket has a taper mouth, so that when the shank is pressed in its two
stems are drawn together by the incline, and the bulb is compressed until it enters
the socket. After passing the neck of the socket the two stems of the shank spring
apart, and the bulb assuming its natural size the shank is held securely, and cannot
escape from the socket unless considerable force be exerted to separate the two
parts of the stud, sufficient to cause the two stems of which the shank is composed
again to close together.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO BRAKES FOR CARRIAGES AND OTHER VEHICLES ON COMMON ROADS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Alfred Lawton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st July 1880.
JOSEPH ALFRED LAWTON, of Hardman Street, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO BRAKES FOR CARRIAGES
AND OTHER VEHICLES ON COMMON ROADS."
The object of my Inveution is to produce a brake that will not interfere with
the springs of the carriage; that when clear of the wheel shall always be at a very
small but uniform distance from it, no matter what jerks come upon it, and that
when desirable can be applied to both sides of the wheel.
To effect this I attach my brake to the axle instead of to the body of the
carriage, and by this means free the brake from all perturbation (relatively to the
wheel) from the action of the springs. There are several ways of doing this that
I have already designed, but I prefer to work the brake from any part of the
carriage that may be convenient by means of a rod which turns a screw attached
to it by means of a universal joint. This screw, acting on levers and links, brings
one or more blocks against one or more wheels or pair of wheels, the levers being
pivotted or fulcrumed on the axle, or a bar cramped or otherwise bolted to the axle.
This bar cramped to the axle is preferably spring steel, and curved at the end to
the block, while if two blocks be used, the other end of the bar carries a pivot
upon which another curved bar or lever works, so as to alter the direction of motion.
The screw of the brake apparatus is then connected by means of bars and levers to
both the main lever and the lever pivotted to it; and consequently, when it is
drawn back it presses all the blocks, two on each wheel, against the pair of wheels
on said axle; a similar apparatus fixed on the other axle can, if desirable, be linked
to this, or the apparatus can be simplified by only having two or one blocks.
Among other advantages that will I expect accrue in using this brake, are the
following:-
:-
It can be constructed and fitted to any description of carriage where the wheels
revolve on a stationary axle, and when applied will cause little or no jerk or noise,
as the fulcrum of all movements is in the axle. The connecting rods are arranged so
as not to interfere with or bring any strain upon the springs. The new wheel
check can be set in any position on the periphery of the wheels, except immediately

page_text: beneath, and thus be kept out of the way of the doors. Each wheel can be checked
back or front, or both back and front together on each wheel. The blocks can be
set within a quarter of an inch of the tires without fear of touching, and kept at
approximately the same distance till worn out. The new wheel check can be
applied by screw foot lever or handle, and can be applied to two wheeled carriages
without fear of straining the shafts or of bringing an extra strain upon the horse,
so annoying with ordinary brakes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRAMWAYS AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Telford Gunson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th August 1880.
WILLIAM TELFORD GUNSON, of the City of Manchester, Civil Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRAMWAYS AND IN APPARATUS
CONNECTED THEREWITH."
The object of the improvements is to facilitate the changing of the tram cars
from one line of rails to another on tramways constructed with grooved rails, and
consists in the employment of short lengths of a third rail placed between the
tramway at the points of desired change, where one set of rails is allowed to join
at an angle up to the other, and in the employment on the tramcar of suitable
apparatus to be acted upon by the short lengths of rails aforesaid. These short
lengths of rails are grooved in the ordinary manner, and bent to the required
curve for changing the direction of the cars. Affixed to a convenient part of the
car is a guide wheel or wheels attached to the end of a lever, or fitted into a
suitable slide in such manner that the wheel or wheels are capable of being
depressed by the driver or conductor of the car either by hand or foot motion, so
that the same will take into the groove in the short lengths of rails aforesaid, and
thus direct the course of the car on to the branch line of rails.
In some cases where the tramcars are constructed ɓо as to travel backwards or
forwards I prefer to use two guide wheels, one in front and one behind. A variety
of detail may be used without departing from the peculiarity of the Invention,
which mainly consists in the employment of short lengths of centre or third rails
for the reception of a guide wheel to be depressed or put in action at will, such
short lengths of rails to be employed at points of change of line in tramways
constructed with grooves or depressions in the rails for the wheels of the cars.