IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Richardson, of Gracechurch Street, in
the City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
FOR WEAVING."
Sealed the 14th May 1869, and dated the 17th November 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Richardson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 17th November 1868.
I, CHARLES RICHARDSON, of Gracechurch Street, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in looms for weaving in
which the shuttle is driven across the loom by a current of air acting
directly upon such shuttle.
Letters Patent were granted to me, bearing date the 3rd February 1868,
No. 366, for an arrangement of loom where the shuttle is driven by

page_text: means of a single blast of air issuing direct from an air-compressing
chamber mounted upon any part of the shuttle box or sley beam, the
air being retained and stored for a short time in such air-compressing
chamber in the act of compression, and in the Specification of the
Letters Patent before referred to I described an arrangement of
collapsable bag at the end of the sley beam and combined with a catch,
pawl, or locking instrument, so actuated as to hold the shuttle in its
box until after such collapsable bag had been partially collapsed, the
shuttle preventing the free escape of the air from the collapsable bag until
after such air had attained sufficient elastic force to drive the shuttle
with certainty when released by the spring, pawl, catch, or locking
instrument; and according to one of my present improvements I attach
one end of the collapsable bag used for the driving the shuttle across the
loom to the back or inner side of the sley beam or shuttle box, and I
attach the other end of such collapsable bag to the end of a lever, the
fulcrum of which I prefer to be at or near the centre of the swing rail
or rocking axis of the sley beam, such lever being so formed that a stud
or projection or friction roller mounted upon a wheel at the side of the
loom (which I prefer to be the "second motion wheel "), or a cam
surface or tappet mounted upon a shaft or wheel, will strike a suitably
formed nose, or projection, or friction roller upon such lever, and so
collapse the bag and drive the shuttle. I prefer to arrange the said
lever and the surface or instrument by which it is acted upon so that
when the sley beam and lever are advancing towards such surface or
instrument the said instrument or surface will be advancing towards
the lever, the opposing movements causing the bag to be quickly
collapsed. In order to secure the expansion of the collapsable bag after
it has been collapsed, I arrange a stud, bracket, or projection in such a
position that as the sley beam or lever advances to beat up the weft, the
said lever is brought in contact with such stud, bracket, or projection,
so as to prevent the further advance of the said lever and ensure the
expansion of the bag, to one end of which it is attached. The shuttle
box is provided with a spring, pawl, catch, locking or holding instru-
ment, which I prefer to actuate from the said lever by means of levers,
studs, projections, or cam surfaces, such locking instrument being
actuated so as to hold the shuttle in its box for a short time after the
said lever has begun to collapse the bag. Tlic collapsable bag may be
mounted according to my improvements on other parts of the sley
beam, and actuated by suitable levers from the lever above described.

page_text: Another of my improvements consists in arranging and combining
what is known as a "frog pawl" with the shuttle box or looms where
the direct action of air is employed for.driving the shuttle, so that if the
shuttle does not arrive in its box the "frog pawl" will act, as is well
understood, to stop the loom.
In looms where the air for acting upon the shuttle is compressed in
or driven out of a chamber mounted upon any part of the loom except
the sley beam or shuttle box, whether the air be stored up in a chamber
and released from time to time, or be compressed each time the shuttle
is driven across the loom, and in looms where the air for acting upon
the shuttle is compressed in an apparatus separate from the loom and
supplied to the loom for driving the shuttle as required, according to
another of my improvements I employ springs, pawls, catches, or other
locking or holding instruments moulded upon each of the shuttle boxes
or the sley beam of the loom, and actuated as to catch or hold the
shuttle on its arrival in its box, and retain it there until after the air has
began to act upon the shuttle, and so that when the shuttle is released
the air will at once act with its whole force to drive it across the loom,
suitable recesses being formed in the shuttle where a pawl or catch is
employed as the locking instrument.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Richardson in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 17th May 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
RICHARDSON, of Gracechurch Street, in the City of London, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date, the Seventeenth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Charles Richardson, Her
special licence that I, the said Charles Richardson, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles
Richardson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any

page_text: sword arms; a suitable channel o' is formed in the sley beam to conduct
the air from the collapsible bag d to the end of the shuttle box; e is
the second motion wheel of the loom driven by a pinion on the crank
shaft, there being one of such wheels. e on cach side of the loom.
Each of the wheels e is provided with a truck or roller e', such trucks
or rollers by the revolution of the wheels e being brought at every
alternate movement of the sley beam into such a position, that (as.
the sley beam moves backwards) a projection upon the lever d
will come in contact with such truck or roller, when by the further
revolution of the wheel e and the further backward movement of the
sley beam the collapsible bag or air-compressing chamber d will be
collapsed and the air expelled therefrom into the shuttle box c³, so as
to drive the shuttle facross the loom, the shuttle box at the other end
of the sley beam being provided with similar apparatus to that shown
in the Drawing to effect the return movement of the shuttle. After
the air is expelled from the collapsible bag or air-compressing chamber d
the further movement of the truck or roller e' together with the form
of the nose or projection on the roller d allows the sley beam and
apparatus combined therewith to move back the remainder of its stroke.
It will be evident that a cam may be substituted for the truck e', and
that in place of the projection & a truck. or roller may be employed
mounted upon the lever d', and the construction and form of the
parts otherwise modified without departing from the nature of this
part of my Invention. 9 is a pin or stud projecting from the side of the
frame, and as the sley beam moves forward the lever d³ comes in contact
with the stud g, which arrests the lever d" and so ensures the expansion
of the collapsible bag or air-compressing chamber d. The shuttle.
box is enclosed for a considerable portion of its length, and when the
shuttle arrives in the shuttle box the movement of the shuttle is
arrested by means of the spring buffer fs, and the pawl f falls into a
recess formed in the shuttle so as to prevent it from rebounding. The
pawl falso holds the shuttle in the box until after the air in the
collapsible bag or air-compressing chamber d is partially compressed
by the partial contraction of such chamber the shuttle when held by
he pawlf preventing the free escape of the air until the air has by
compression attained sufficient elastic force to drive the shuttle with
certainty when released by the pawl. The rod f3 of the buffer f
asses through a guide f in the end of the shuttle box, and when
he shuttle comes in contact with. the buffer 3, the spring acting,

page_text: against the adjustable nuts f upon the buffer rod f' offers a yielding
resistance to the further movement of the shuttle. In this arrangement
the point of the shuttle is caught by the end of the buffer which is
suitably formed to receive it. The adjustable lock nuts f regulate
from the exterior of the shuttle box the distance that the buffer f
enters the shuttle box, and the pressure of the spring f' is capable of
the
regulation by means of the cross bar f* and the nuts f" upon
standards f. The pawl f' moves upon a pin at f** and falls into a
recess formed in the shuttle f, and its action is accelerated by means
of 'the spring f acting between the cross bar f" and a shoulder upon
the pin f jointed to the pawl f, the pin f" passing through an aperture
formed in the shuttle box lid. The distance which the pawl falls
is capable of regulation by means of the adjustable lock nuts f
and the pressure of the spring f is also capable of adjustable by
means of the lock nuts f¹s upon the standards f. do is an arm
attached to the lever d³, one end of the arm de working through a
slot in the pin f", and after the lever d³ has acted to partially contract
the collapsible bag or air-compressing chamber d, a projection upon
the arm de comes in contact with the pin f and raises it with the
pawl so as to release the shuttle. Figure 4 shows a longitudinal section
of a shuttle box arranged with a pawl and buffer according to one part
of my Invention.
The arrangement of parts shown at Figure 4 is similar in its action
to that previously described, and those parts which correspond with the
parts previously described are marked with the same letters and figures.
In Figure 4 the buffer f2 is formed with a central orifice f¹, into
which the nose of the shuttle enters, the end of the shuttle being caught
by the edges of the orifice f" which is lined with leather or other
substance suitable to receive the blow of the shuttle. The air passes
into the shuttle box from the air channel through the orifice f
The buffer rod f³ passes out of the end of the shuttle box through a
guide f, and when the shuttle comes in contact with the buffer the
spring and lever f" offer a yielding resistance to the further
movement of the shuttle. The position of the shuttle. within the
shuttle box is capable of adjustment from the exterior thereof by
means of the lock nuts and collars f" and f18, by which the distance
that the buffer travels by the aid of the spring f* into the shuttle
box is regulated; the spring f* may be caused to act upon the end

page_text: of the buffer rod. In this arrangement the exterior of the buffer f
may be so formed according to my Invention as to fit the interior of
the shuttle box, and by pressing upon the nose of the shuttle act as
a valve to more effectually hinder the escape of the air until after the
shuttle is released, the buffer being either pressed against the nose of
the shuttle by means of a spring or by the action of the current of
air itself, and in the latter case the nuts f" and f¹s or their equivalent
must be so arranged as to arrest the action of the spring, the buffer
rod or the buffer in this case being so arranged that it is free to travel
forward upon the rod f3 when acted upon by the current of air. The
pin f is jointed to the pawl f¹ and to the lever f20 which has a
shifting fulcrum at f. The spring fo for accelerating the movement
of the pawl acts upon the lever f, and the pressure of the spring f
is capable of adjustment by means of the lock nuts f¹³ upon the
standard. The amount of downward movement of the pawl is
capable of regulation by means of the set screw f¹ in the lever f
da is the arm for raising the pawl connected to the lever d²º.
.
Figuro 5 shows a longitudinal section of a shuttle box arranged with
a pawl and buffer in accordance with my Invention.
The arrange-
ment of parts shown at Figure 5 is similar in its action to that
previously described, and those parts which correspond with the parts
previously described are marked with the same letters and figures.
In this arrangement the air channel c* is formed by a metallic tube c³.
The buffer f is provided with a central orifice f¹³, and acts in a similar
manner to that described in reference to Figure 4, but in place of being
provided with a rod passing through the end of the shuttle box, the
buffer is tubular in form, and is acted upon by the helical spring.f*
enclosed within the shuttle box. In this arrangement the pin f" is:
dispensed with, the pawl being provided with a lever arm f connected
to the lever f20 by means of the link f. The arm d", the spring f',
and the regulating screw f12 are arranged to act in a similar manner to
that described in reference to corresponding parts in Figure 4.
Figure 6 shows a longitudinal section of a shuttle box arranged with
a pawl and buffer in accordance with my Invention. The arrangement
of parts shown at Figure 6 is similar in its action to that previously
described, and those parts which correspond with the parts previously
described are marked with the same letters and Figures.
This arrange

page_text: ment is shewn with an india-rubber buffer f", which in itself forms no
part of my present improvements. The pawl f¹ is provided with an
arm f, so formed that it can be acted upon from the exterior of the
shuttle box by the arm de, the spring f, and regulating screw f¹³, or
their equivalents, as and for the purposes described in reference to
Figures 4 and 5.
Figure 7 shows so much of the side view of a loom arranged in accord-
ance with my Invention as will enable me to explain the same. Those
parts which are similar to those described in reference to Figures 1, 2,
and 3 of the Drawings are marked with the same letters and figures.
The arrangement and action of the collapsible bag or air-compressing
chamber d in combination with the sley beam and shuttle box provided
with a pawl and buffer is similar to that described in reference to
Figures 1 to 6, Figure 7 shewing another arrangement of parts which may
be employed according to my Invention for expelling the air from the air
chamber d. The second motion wheel e is provided with a crank pin e',
which actuates the rod e². The rod e slides through the oscillating
guide mounted upon the lever d³. The rod e² is provided with
adjustable lock nuts es, e, and by the revolution of the wheel e the
nut is brought at every alternate movement of the sley beam into
such a position that as the sley beam moves backwards the oscillating
guide d' will come in contact with the nut e', when the lever a will be
caused to act to expel the air from the air chamber d, and so drive the
shuttle. The expansion of the air chamber is ensured by means of the
lever d' acting against the stud g in a similar manner to that previously
described.
Those
Figure 8 shows so much of the side view of a loom arranged in accord-
ance with my Invention as will enable me to explain the same.
parts which are similar to those described in reference to Figures 1, 2,
and 3 of the Drawings are marked with the same letters and figures.
The arrangement and action of the collapsible bag or air-compressing
chamber d in combination with the sley beam and shuttle box provided
with a pawl and buffer is similar to that described in reference to
Figures 1 to 6, Figure 8 shewing another arrangement of parts which may
be employed according to my Invention for expelling the air from the
air chamber d. The second motion wheel e is provided with a cam or
eccentric es, and the lever d³ is provided with a swinging piece d
jointed to the lever d³ at dº. The swinging piece d³ carries a truck or

page_text: roller do, which rests upon and follows the periphery of the cam e³, and
at every alternate backward movement of the sley beam the swinging
piece is brought by the revolution of the cam e³ into such a position
that as the sley beam moves backwards the lever d³ will be brought in
contact with the swinging piece d³, and will be then caused to expel the
air from the air chamber d, and so drive the shuttle, the further move-
ment of the cam es allowing the sley beam and apparatus combined
therewith to move back for the remainder of the stroke. When applying
apparatus to a loom in accordance with this part of my Invention, the
cam or eccentric e' may be mounted on the crank shaft in place of upon
the wheel e. The expansion of the air chamber is ensured by means of
the lever d acting against the stud g in a similar manner to that
previously described.
Figure 9 shows so much of the side view of a loom arranged in
accordance with my Invention as will enable me to explain the same.
Those parts which are similar to those described in reference to
Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the Drawings are marked with the same letters
and figures. The arrangement and action of the collapsible bag or air-
compressing chamber din combination with the sley beam and shuttle
box provided with a pawl and buffer is similar to that described in
reference to Figures 1 to 6, Figure 9 shewing another arrangement
of parts which may be employed according to my Invention for
expelling the air from the air chamber d. In this arrangement the
air is expelled from the air chamber d by the action of a cam,
projection, or roller upon the crank shaft b. In the Drawing a truck
or roller 63 is mounted upon the crank shaft b, and by the revolution
of such shaft the truck or roller 6 during the backward movement
of the sley beam is brought in contact with the projecting piece ď³
upon the lever d³, so that as the sley beam moves backwards the air
will be expelled from the air chamber d, and so drive the shuttle,
the further revolution of the crank shaft 6 moving the truck b³ so
as to allow the sley beam and apparatus combined therewith to move
back for the remainder of the stroke. The expansion of the air
chamber is ensured by means of the stud 9 in a similar manner to that
previously described. The truck 68 may be moved endways upon the
crank axis b by any suitable well-known mechanical contrivance, so as
to cause it to act upon the air chamber d at every alternate to-and-fro
movement of the sley beam, or such endway movement of the truck b³

page_text: may be dispensed with, in which case the air chamber d will be acted
upon thereby at each revolution of the crank axis, the air being expelled
through the shuttle box at each alternate stroke before the arrival of the
shuttle therein. In this case the air may be admitted to the chamber
by means of an inlet valve, or it may be drawn through the shuttle box,
and employed to act by suction upon the shuttle and draw it into the
box. The pawl may be lifted at every alternate revolution of the crank
by suitable mechanism, or it may be raised at each revolution of the
crank axis for a sufficient time to allow the shuttle to escape from the
box in which it may happen to be at that time, the pawl being allowed
to fall in time to retain the shuttle on its arrival in the opposite shuttle
box, and this may be accomplished by the form of the arm d, as shown at
Figure 9, or by other suitable mechanical contrivances. In place of the
pawl a spring may be employed in accordance with my Invention to
check and hold the shuttle on its arrival in the shuttle box, and during
the time when the air chamber is being expanded the shuttle can be
relieved from the pressure of this spring by means of the arm de, or
other suitable contrivance, for a sufficient time to allow the current of
air to draw the shuttle into its box, when the spring will be again
allowed to press upon the shuttle so as to hold the nose of the shuttle
close or nearly close to the orifice by which the air enters the shuttle
box until after the air is partially compressed in the air chamber, when
the shuttle will be again relieved from the pressure of the spring by
means of the arm do, or other suitable contrivance, so as to release the
shuttle, and allow the air to drive it across the loom.
Figure 10 shows so much of the side view of a loom arranged in
accordance with my Invention as will enable me to explain the same.
Those parts which are similar to those described in reference to Figures
1, 2, and 3 of the Drawings are marked with the same letters and
figures. The arrangement and action of the air chamber d in combi-
nation with the sley beam and shuttle box provided with a pawl and
buffer is similar to that described in reference to Figures 1 to 6,
Figure 10 shewing another arrangement of parts which may be employed
according to my Invention for expelling the air from the air chamber d.
In this arrangement the air is expelled from the air chamber d by the
action of a crank or eccentric upon the crank shaft b. In the Drawings
an eccentric b is mounted upon the crank shaft b, actuating the hollow
eccentric rod 6. d" is a rod jointed to the lever d³ at d, and the

page_text: rod d" slides within the tubular eccentric rod *, so that as the sley.
beam moves backwards a collar ds upon the rod d" comes in contact
with the end of the tubular eccentric rod 6, so as to expel the air from
the air chamber d. The rod d", or the eccentric rod do, may be pro-
vided with adjustable lock nuts to regulate the distance which the
rod d slides through the tubular rod 6 before coming in contact
therewith. The expansion of the air chamber is ensured by means of
the stud g in a similar manner to that previously described. In this
arrangement the air is expelled from the air chamber d at each revo-
lution of the crank shaft, and the pawl or spring is caused to act with
the shuttle, as above described in reference to Figure 9. In place of
the lever ds being attached to one end of the air chamber d, as herein-
before described, the end of the air chamber may, in accordance with my
Invention, be provided with suitable guides, and the lever d³ caused to
act against the end of the air chamber d or a projection thereupon from
time to time to expel the air from the chamber; the lever d³ at other
times being caused by any of the means hercin-before described to travel
away from the air chamber, and in this case the fulcrum of the lever d
may be arranged in other positions than at or near the centre of the
rocking axis or swing rail c³, and when arranging a loom in accordance
with my Invention the lever d³ may, if desired, be dispensed with, and
the air chamber be acted upon directly from the crank axis, as will
be scen by reference to Figure 11 of the Drawings hereunto annexed;
which shews so much of the side view of a loom arranged in accordance
with my Invention as will enable me to explain the same. Those parts
which are similar to those described in reference to Figures 1, 2, and 3
of the Drawings are marked with the same letters and figures. The
arrangement and action of the air chamber d in combination with the
sley beam and shuttle box, provided with a pawl or spring and buffer,
is similar to that described in reference to Figures 1 to 6 and Figure 9
of the Drawings. In this arrangement the air chamber d is in the form
of a cylinder, one end d' of which is secured to the back or inner side
of the sley beam c, an air channel being formed from the air chamber d
to the shuttle box, as previously described; the other end of the air
chamber d moves backwards and forwards in the manner of a piston
within the air chamber d, so as to expel the air therefrom, and the piston
or other part of the air chamber may be provided with an inlet valve
for the air, as previously described reference to Figures 9 and 10 of
the Drawings. The crank axis b is provided with an eccentric 6', as in

page_text: Figure 10, and the eccentric 6' actuates the end d of the air chamber d
so as to move it backwards and forwards within such air chamber by
means of the eccentric rod 65 jointed at d¹ to the rod d" attached to the
piston or moveable end d of the air chamber d, so that as the sley beam
moves backwards the eccentric will act upon the piston or move-
able d of the air chamber d to expel the air from such chamber and
drive the shuttle, the air chamber being expanded by the revolution of the
excentric . d 13 is a guide for the rod d". An aperture may be formed
in the air chamber d to allow the air to escape therefrom without passing
through the shuttle box during the movement of the moveable end or
piston into the air chamber until the time arrives for compressing
the air within the chamber and driving the shuttle, when such aperture
will be closed and the air will escape through the shuttle box. The
pawl or spring for acting upon the shuttle, as described in reference to
Figure 9 of the Drawings, is acted upon by the projection d" upon the
rod dacting upon the lever do. The air is expelled from the chamber d
at each revolution of the crank shaft, and the pawl or spring is caused
to act with the shuttle, as above described in reference to Figures 9
and 10 of the Drawings. The air chamber d may be connected to the
sley beam c by means of a joint which will allow the air chamber a to
oscillate, in which case the eccentric rod 5 can be connected directly to
the piston or moveable end of the air chamber d, and I would have
it understood that although the air chamber d is described and shewn in
reference to Figure 11 to be formed of rigid materials, it may be formed
in accordance with my Invention as a flexible or collapsible bag, the
moveable end de being in that case provided with suitable guides. In
place of the air chamber d being acted upon by moving parts or
apparatus mounted upon a revolving axis or wheel, as previously
described, the air chamber d may be caused to expel the air in accord-
ance with my Invention by means of a stationary stud, bracket, or
projection acting in combination with a lever d³, arranged substantially
as herein-before described.
Either of the arrangements for actuating the pawl f, shewn and
described in reference to Figures 3, 4, 5, and 6 of the Drawings, or the
arrangement for actuating the spring and pawl described in reference
to Figure 9 of the Drawings, may be employed in accordance with my
Invention in combination with either of the arrangements described in
reference to Figures 1, 2, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 of the Drawings, or where

page_text: a stationary stud, bracket, or projection is employed for expelling the air.
from the air chamber.
Either of the arrangements of yielding buffers, substantially as
described in reference to Figures 3, 4, and 5 of the Drawings, may be
employed in accordance with my Invention in combination with either
of the arrangements substantially as described in reference to Figures 1,
2, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 of the Drawings, or where a stud is employed for
expelling the air from the chamber.
According to another part of my improvements I arrange and
combine what is known as a "frog pawl" with the shuttle box in
looms where the direct action of air is employed for blowing upon
and driving the shuttle, so that if the shuttle does not arrive in its
box the "frog pawl" will act as is well understood to stop the loom.
When the shuttle arrives in the box it acts upon a moveable inclined
surface arranged within the shuttle box and so connected with the "frog
pawl" as to raise it when the shuttle arrives in the shuttle box. I have
not annexed hereto a Drawing of the method of applying this part of
my Invention as any competent mechanic acquainted with looms aided
by the description herein given would readily apply the same without
the aid of Drawings.
In looms where the air for acting upon the shuttle is compressed in or
driven out of a chamber mounted upon any part of the loom except
the sley beam or shuttle box, whether the air be stored up in a
chamber and released from time to time or be compressed each
time the shuttle is driven across the loom, and in looms where
the air for acting upon the shuttle is compressed in an apparatus
separate from the loom and supplied to the loom for driving the
shuttle as required, according to another of my improvements I
employ spring pawls, catches, or other locking or holding instruments,
mounted upon each of the shuttle boxes, or the sley beam of the
loom, and so actuated as to catch or hold the shuttle on its arrival
in its box, and retain it there until after the air has begun to act upon
the shuttle, and so that when the shuttle is released the air will
at once act with its whole force to drive the shuttle. across the loom,
suitable recesses being formed in the shuttle when a pawl or catch is
employed as the locking instrument. I have not annexed hereto a
Drawing of the method of applying this part of my Invention as any
competent workman acquainted with looms for weaving where the

page_text: shuttle is driven by air blowing upon it, and aided by the description
herein-before given in reference to Figures 1 to 6 and Figure 9 of the
Drawings, will be able to readily apply a pawl or spring to act with the
shuttle in accordance with this part of my Invention.
Having now described the nature of my Invention and the means for
carrying the same into operation, I would have it understood that I make
no claim to any of the mechanical parts separately, nor do I claim
driving a shuttle in looms by a current of air acting thereon, nor do I
claim retaining the shuttle for a time until the air is compressed by the
partial contraction of the air chamber mounted upon the sley beam or
shuttle box, and then releasing the shuttle, arrangements for effecting
this purpose having been described by me in the Specification of a
Patent granted to me, dated 3rd February 1868; and I would further
remark that I do not confine myself to the exact details or form
of the parts herein described so long as the substantial features
of any part of my Invention are retained; but what I claim is,-
First. The combination and arrangement of parts, substantially as and
for the purposes herein-before described in reference to Figures 1, 2, and
3 of the Drawings hereunto annexed.
Secondly. I claim the combination and arrangement of parts, sub-
stantially as and for the purposes herein-before described in reference to
Figure 7 of the Drawings hereunto annexed.
Thirdly. I claim the combination and arrangement of parts, sub-
stantially as and for the purposes herein-before described in reference to
Figure 8 of the Drawings hereunto annexed.
Fourthly. I claim the combination and arrangement of parts, sub-
stantially as and for the purpose herein-before described in reference to
Figure 9 of the Drawings hereunto annexed.
Fifthly. I claim the combination and arrangement of parts, substan-
tially as and for the purposes herein-before described in reference to
Figure 10 of the Drawings hereunto annexed.
Sixthly. I claim the combination and arrangement of parts, substan-
tially as and for the purposes herein-before described in reference to
Figure 11 of the Drawings hereunto annexed.
Seventhly. I claim acting upon the lever d³ by means of a stationary
stud or projection, substantially as and for the purpose hercin-before
described.

page_text: Eighthly. I claim the arrangement and combination of parts for
actuating the pawl f', substantially as and for the purposes herein-
before described in reference to Figure 3 of the Drawings hereunto
annexed.
Ninthly. I claim the arrangement and combination of parts for
actuating the pawl f, substantially as and for the purposes herein-
before described in reference to Figure 4 of the Drawings hereunto
annexed.
Tenthly. I claim the arrangement and combination of the parts for
actuating the pawl f', substantially as and for the purposes hérein-
before described in reference to Figure 5 of the Drawings hereunto
annexed.
Eleventhly. I claim the arrangement and combination of the parts
for actuating the pawl f¹, as and for the purposes herein before described
in reference to Figure 6 of the Drawings hereunto annexed.
Twelfthly. I claim the arrangement. and combination of parts con-
stituting the yielding buffer, substantially as and for the purposes herein-
before described in reference to Figure 3 of the Drawings hereunto
annexed, when such buffer is employed in a loom where the shuttle is
driven by the direct action of air upon such shuttle.
Thirteenthly. I claim the arrangement and combination of parts
constituting the yielding buffer, substantially as and for the purposes
herein-before described in reference to Figure 4 of the Drawings
hereunto annexed, where such buffer is employed in a loom where the
shuttle is driven by the direct action of air upon such shuttle.
Fourteenthly. I claim the arrangement and combination of parts
constituting the yielding buffer, substantially as and for the purposes
herein-before described in reference to Figure 5 of the Drawings
hereunto annexed, where such buffer is employed in a loom where the
shuttle is driven by the direct action of air upon such shuttle.
Fifteenthly. I claim arranging and combining a "frog pawl" to
act with the shuttle in looms where air is employed to blow upon
the shuttle and so drive it, substantially as and for the purposes
herein-before described.
Sixteenthly. I claim the application and use of a pawl or spring
acting with the shuttle in looms where the air for blowing upon the

page_text: shuttle and so driving it is supplied from a chamber mounted upon
any part of the loom except the sley beam, or shuttle box, or from a
chamber separate from the loom, substantially as and for the purposes
herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Richardson, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this 15th day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
CHAS. RICHARDSON. (L.s.)
Witness,
CHAS. J. GoOCH,
Clerk to Messrs. Tongue & Birkbeck,
34, Southampton Buildings,
. Chancery Lane,
W.C.