IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES OR FIRE-PLACES FOR HEATING APARTMENTS, KITCHEN RANGES, AND CONSERVATORIES, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES.
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Crichley, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STOVES OR FIRE-PLACES FOR HEATING APARTMENTS, KITCHEN RANGES, AND
CONSERVATORIES, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES.'
Scaled the 31st August 1875, and dated the 8th March 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Crichley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th March 1875.
I, HENRY CRICHLEY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES OR FIRE-PLACES FOR HEATING APARTMENTS, KITCHEN
RANGES, AND CONSERVATORIES, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists of the construction and arrangement herein-
after described of the parts of stoves or fire-places for heating
apartments, kitchen ranges, and conservatorics, and for other like
purposes.

page_text: A stove or fire-place constructed according to my Invention consists
essentially of two chambers of different sizes, the smaller chamber being
situated within and concentric to the larger or outer chamber.
The inner or smaller chamber is furnished near the lower part with a
fire-grate, in which the combustion of the fuel takes place, the whole of
the front of the inner chamber excepting the part at the front of the
fire-grate being closed when the stove is in use.
The outer or larger chamber is wholly closed externally excepting by
an exit flue or pipe at the top or side or back thereof.
The inner or combustion chamber is supplied with fuel by a self-
feeding hopper of the ordinary kind, and communication between the
inner or combustion chamber and the outer chamber is effected by slots
or openings in the sides of the inner chamber, the said slots or openings
being situated below the fire-grate and in the ash-pit of the said
grate..
The outer chamber may be furnished with a series of vertical or
horizontal plates for increasing the heating surface of the said chamber.
Air enters the combustion chamber of the stove through the front bars
of the grate, which are open, and effects the combustion of the fuel in
the said grate. The heated air mixed with the gases of combustion
passes through the incandescent fuel in the grate, and descending to the
under side of the grate enters the outer chamber by the exit passages or
slots in the ash-pit, which chamber is heated by the circulation of the
heated air and products of combustion therein, the said heated air and
products of combustion escaping by the flue or pipe at the top or side of
the outer chamber. The hot air from this chamber may be utilized in
various ways.
Besides being heated by the direct contact of the heated air from the
inner. or combustion chamber the outer chamber is also heated by
radiation from the said inuer or combustion chamber.
When the stove or fire-place is used for heating apartments its
external sides may be ornamented by means of ceramic tiles or
otherwise.
When the heated air and products of combustion passed into the outer
chamber are required to be used for heating boilers, kitchen ranges, con-

page_text: servatories, or for other heating purpose the said outer chamber is put
into communication with the boiler, kitchen range, or apartment to be
heated in any convenient way.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Crichley in the Great Scal Patent Office
on the 2nd September 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
CRICHLEY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Henry Crichley, Her special license
that I, the said Henry Crichley, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Henry Crichley, my exccutors, admini-
strators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES
OR FIRE-PLACES FOR HEATING APARTMENTS, KITCHEN RANGES, AND CONSERVA-
TORIES, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Henry Crichley, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
scals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Crichley, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof that in to

page_text: :
:
My Invention consists of the construction and arrangement herein-
after described of the parts of stoves or fire-places for heating
apartments, kitchen ranges, and conservatories, and for other like
purposes.
A stove or fire-place constructed according to my Invention consists
essentially of two chambers of different sizes, the smaller chamber being
situated within and concentric to the larger or outer chamber.
The inner or smaller chamber is furnished near the lower part with a
fire-grate, in which the combustion of the fuel takes place, the whole of
the front of the inner chamber, excepting the part at the front of the
fire-grate, being closed when the grate is in use.
The outer or larger chamber is wholly closed externally excepting by
an exit flue or pipe at the top, or side, or back thereof.
The inner or combustion chamber is supplied with fuel by a self-
feeding hopper of the ordinary kind, and communication between the
inner or combustion chamber and the outer chamber is effected by slots
or openings in the sides of the inner chamber, the said slots or openings
being situated below the fire-grate and in the ash-pit of the said
grate.
The outer chamber may be furnished with a scries of vertical or a
horizontal plates for increasing the heating surface of the said chamber.
,Air enters the combustion chamber of the stove through the front bars
of the grate, which are open, and effects the combustion of the fuel in
the said grate. The heated air mixed with the gases of combustion
passes through the incandescent fuel in the grate, and descending to the 2
under side of the grate enters the outer chamber by the exit passages or
slots in the ash-pit, which chamber is heated by the circulation of the
heated air and products of combustion therein, the said heated air and
products of combustion escaping by the flue or pipe at the top or side of
the outer chamber. The hot air from this chamber may be utilized in
various ways.
Besides being heated by the direct contact of the heated air from the
inner or combustion chamber the outer chamber is also heated by
radiation from the inner or combustion chamber.
When the stove or fire-place is used for heating apartments its a
external sides may be ornamented by means of ceramic tiles or
otherwise.

page_text: the meated an and products of combustion passed into the outer
chamber are required to be used for heating boilers, kitchen ranges, con-
servatories, or for other heating purpose, the said outer chamber is put
into communication with the boiler, kitchen range, or apartment to be
heated in any convenient way.
I will now describe with reference to the accompanying Drawing the
manner in which my Invention may be performed.
Figure 1 represents in perspective a stove or fire-place, the parts of
which are constructed and arranged according to my Invention;
Figures 2 and 3 are vertical sections of the same; and Figure 4 is a
horizontal section of the same.
The vertical section, Figure 2, is taken on the line a, a, of Figure 4,
and the vertical section, Figure 3, is taken on the line b, b, of Figure 4.
The horizontal section, Figure 4, is taken on the line c, c, of Figure 2.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in the several
Figures of the Drawings. d, e, are the two concentric chambers of the
stove.
The inner and smaller chamber d is furnished with a fire-grato f, and
constitutes the combustion chamber of the stove. Communication
between the inner or combustion chamber d and the outer chamber e is
effected by the slots or openings g, g, in the sides of the said inner
chamber d, the said slots being situated below the fire-gratef and in the
ash-pit h.
The outer chamber e is wholly closed except by the exit fluc or pipo i
at the top, or side, or back of the stove, by which the products of com-
bustion may escape from the stove or be conducted where they are
required to bo utilized.
The whole of the front of the inner chamber d is closed with the
exception of parts for feeding fuel to the chamber for admitting air to
the said chamber and for removing the ash from the ash-pit.
The arrangement of the doors and openings in the front of the
chamber d for the purposes described is best seen in Figure 1. The door
at which fuel is supplied to the combustion chamber d is marked k, and
the hinged front of the fire-grate at which air is admitted to the com-
bustion chamber is marked 2. The hinged front of the grate is hinged
at one side of the opening in the stove, and to the opposite side of the

page_text: said opening is hinged a door m, by closing which door upon the front
part of the grate the amount of air entering the combustion chamber d
may be regulated or completely cut off. The opening to the ash-pit is
closed by the door n, which may be lifted from its catches when access
is required to be gained to the said ash-pit. The outer chamber e is
furnished with a series of vertical plates or gills" for increasing the
heating surface of the chamber; or its external sides may be ornamented
by means of tiles or otherwise.
«
The inner or combustion chamber d having been filled or nearly filled
with fuel through the door & the said door is closed, as well as the ash-
pit door n. The door m is opened and air enters the combustion
chamber d of the stove through the front grate bars, and effects the
combustion of the fuel in the lower part of the said chamber. The
heated air and products of combustion pass through the incandescent
fucl in the chamber and descend to the under side of the grate and pass
through the exit passages or slots g, g, in the ash-pit into the outer
chamber e, which chamber e is thus heated by the circulation of the
heated air and products of combustion passing through it, and also by
radiation from the heated inner or combustion chamber d. Perfect com-
bustion of the fuel results, and the stove is smokeless or nearly smoke-
less. The heated air and products of combustion in the outer chamber e
rise to the top thereof and escape by the flue or pipe i, or the said heated
air and products of combustion in the chamber e may be utilized in the
manner herein-before described. The direction of the current of heated
air through the stove is indicated by arrows in Figure 2.
range.
Figure 5 represents in perspective my Invention applied to a kitchen
The stove is constructed as herein-before described, but the exit
passages g, g, from the combustion chamber instead of communicating
with the outer chamber of the stove, as already described, communicate
with passages or flucs q, q, around the ovens ", ", as indicated by the
arrows. The heated air and products of combustion after circulating
about and heating the ovens ", ", escape to the chimney s.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I
do not limit myself to the precise details herein described and illustrated,
as the same may be varied without departing from the nature of my
Invention; but I claim as my Invention the improvements in stoves or

page_text: fire-places for heating apartments, kitchen ranges, and conservatories,
and for other like purposes herein-before described and illustrated in the
accompanying Drawing, that is to say, enclosing the chamber in which
the combustion of the fuel takes place in a larger outer chamber, the
heated air and products of combustion from the inner or combustion
chamber being made to enter and circulate in the said outer chamber,,
the parts being constructed and arranged or combined substantially as
described and illustrated; also the modification described and illustrated
with reference to a kitchen range.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Crichley, have hereunto,
set my hand and scal, this First day of September, in tho
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five
5. Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT,
Clerk to George Shaw,
Birmingham.
HENRY CRICHLEY. (L.S.)