Improvements in Type-writers.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 19th June, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 5th Jan., 1895-Accepted, 15th June, 1895
Improvements in Type-writers.
I, JOHN NEVIL MASKELYNE, Junior, of The Egyptian Hall, Piccadilly in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to improvements on the typewriters for which [
obtained Letters Patent No. 11424, dated July 16th, 1889.
In that Patent, the type levers, or bars, which carry three type each, are arranged
in a fan-like shape in a horizontal position, and, by means of a specially designed
link motion, cach lever is raised and brought forward in a more or less horizontal
position, so that the type may be raised off an inking pad, on which they rest when
not in use, and are caused to strike the paper, the tails of the type levers or bars
working in a guide or guides. This arrangement has been found to present several
inconveniences in construction, and the object of the present invention is to
overcome these objections, and otherwise improve the construction and working of
these instruments, and to produce a smaller and more compact instrument.
In carrying out this invention, the type bars, levers, or arms, carrying the type
at one end, are (with the type on the upper side) connected by a flexible connection
to a bracket which is situated between the inking pad and the paper carriage, the
type resting normally in contact with the inking pad, which is above them.
To the bracket, and immediately below the type bar, is pivotted a curved lever,
the longer arm of which is connected to the type lever above, at about the centre
of its length. The shorter arm of this curved lever is connected by means of
a connecting rod, to a series of levers which are operated from the finger keys.
The type generally rest, as before mentioned, in contact with the inking pad,
which is carried on the under side of a bar in rear of the type levers, and when
the key is pressed down, the type is withdrawn, by the action of the curved lever
and flexible connection, from the pad; is turned completely over, and is caused to
strike downwards on the paper, the return motion being caused by a spring, say, n
volute spring, mounted on the pivot pin of the curved lever.
1
In typewriters as at present in use, the instruments are constructed to give one
length of spacing between the words, but in my improvements arrange additional
spacing levers, whereby the spaces between the words may be regulated at will. I
provide at one side of the apparatus, various spacing levers, which may be connected,
as desired, with the ordinary spacing bar.
In general, I find a space equal to two letters is preferred, but I provide for a
space equal to three letters, and also to one letter. The last-named lever is of use
for putting in a missed letter, as the carriage can be brought approximately to the
place desired, and the exact position found by this spacing lever, taking a space
equal to one letter at a time.
These levers, as they are tipped, come into position to prevent the travel of
the pawl rod, which consequently moves the escape wheel a corresponding shorter
distance.
I may also mount the laterally reciprocating printing carriage in a longitudinally
reciprocating frame, which is operated by the three type setting levers described in
the above mentioned Patent, and the escape motion to drive the carriage I remove
to one side of the machine, and connect it with a drum on which is wound, so as to

page_text: wind and unwind, a chain or cord attached to the carriage, means being provided
thereon for tightening the chain or cord when required.
When the carriage arrives at the end of its travel, it will be free to be returned
to the opposite side of the machine, but to enable me to move the carriage forward
without operating the levers, I provide, in the escape mechanism, menns whereby
it may be thrown temporarily out of gear.
It is also difficult with type-writers as at present constructed, to produce
columns of figures, and therefore provide means whereby the position of the
paper carriage may be readily set, when it is desired to produce columns of figures.
The carriage frame has a pin or pins, which may be fixed or adjustable, and on
the frame of the type levers I fix a bracket carrying a box in which a spring
plunger works,
The normal position of this plunger is withdrawn in its box, but when it is
desired to arrest the movement of the carriage, it is pushed forward, so that it
comes into the path of a pin situate in a position relative to the column of
figures.
The carriage will be pulled back in the ordinary way to approximately the
position required, and the plunger being then pushed forward, stops exactly in
the position required.
In this way, much labour and time are saved in gauging the position of the
column of figures.
I also provide underscoring mechanism, which may consist of a dise, its edge
running in contact with an inking pad, the whole being carried by a rocking arin
or frame pivotted to the main frame, and capable of being lowered into position,
so that the disc edge may run in contact with the paper, when required to
underscore.
Dated this 19th day of June 1894.
2
Agents for the Applicant,
Improvements in Type-writers.
1 Jous NEVIL MASKELYNE, Junior, of The Egyptian Hall, Piccadilly, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :—
This invention has reference more especially to improvements on the typewriter
for which Letters Patent were obtained in England dated 16th July 1889,
No. 11424, the object of the present invention being to simplify and improve the
construction of these type-writers; but the invention has also for its object, by the
addition of certain appliances which will be hereafter fully described, to reinely
certain defects in, and to improve the working generally of these instruments.
In the aforesaid Patent, a free and easy action of the keys which actuate the
printing mechanism is obtained, and so much so, that the operator can use every
finger of both hands, the operation of the keys being effected in a manner similar
to, and without needing much more effort than is required to manipulate, the
keyboard of an organ,
In the present invention, this freedom of action is retained, and is improvel
upon, a peculiar arrangement of type-lever mechanism being employed, which will
have this result. The types also strike the paper in sight of the operator, and the
types are provided with ink from a pad, as before, instead of using the inking
ribbon or carbon. Three characters or type are still placed upon each type bar,
the paper carriage being moved longitudinally of the machine, as before, to bring

page_text: the paper into position to receive the impress of the particular type or character of
the three required.
In the present invention, provision is made for obtaining a variety of spacing;
also for moving the paper carriage without operating the levers; also for stopping
the paper carriage at any given position, when it is desired to produce columns
of figures; and finally, for underlining in a more convenient manner than
heretofore.
Having thus stated broadly the special features of the present invention, I will
now proceed to fully describe the apparatus.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is a plan view of my improved typewriter.
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section taken on the line 1, 2, of Fig. 1.
Fig. 2 is a plan view of a type lever.
Fig. 3 is a back view of the machine.
Fig. 4 is a plan view, showing in detail the several levers for moving the paper
carriage and for spacing.
Fig. 5 is a side view showing the device for shifting the paper carriage, to suit
the position of the several type.
Fig. 6 is a vertical section of the same, taken on the line 1. 2 of Fig. 5; and
Fig. 6 shows part of the mechanism in another position.
Fig. 7 is a side view of the spacing levers.
Fig. 8 is an elevation, and
Fig. 9 a plan view, of the mechanism which permits the movement of the paper
carriage without operating the levers.
Fig. 10 is a partial plan view, and
Fig. 11 is a cross section, shewing the stop mechanis:n to aid in producing columus
of figures.
Fig. 12 is a plan view, and
Fig. 13 a cross section, showing mechanism for racking round the paper roller
or impression cylinder, to present a fresh portion of the paper to the type; and
Fig. 14 shows, in plan view, the underlining mechanisin which is shewn in side
view at Fig. 2.
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts throughout.
The machine consists of a base plate A, with standards B, and brackets C,
which carry the several working parts, or to which these parts are pivotted. D is
a semicircular frame mounted on the standards B, and carrying the type levers,
and E is a semicircular inking pad carried in front of the type levers on columns E
secured to the frame D. FF are rollers secured to the side brackets C, and on
these rollers works a longitudinally moving carriage G. This carriage G carries
a transversely moving carriage H in which the impression cylinder is mounted, and
round which the paper to receive the impress of the types is passed.
Upon the frame D, and radially thereof, are secured the brackets D', to which
the type levers are pivotted, one to each bracket, and extending towards the front
of the machine.
The type levers consist of several parts, viz., a lever or arm a, to one end of
which the type or characters are secured; a link 6 by which the arms a are connected
to the bracket D'; a curved or elbow lever e pivotted to the bracket at c',
and also to the arm a at a'; a link d connecting the elbow lever c with the
multiplying lever e which is pivotted to a stump or pin el on the underside of
the frame D.
All the parts a, b, c, d and e are of thin sheet steel, as indicated by the plan view
Fig. 2, so that they take up but little space. The multiplying levere is connected
by an adjustable connection with the key lever 1.
Of the keys, there will preferably be three rows, arranged in the manner
described in the former l'atent, that is to say, two rows of eleven keys, and onc
row of ten keys, making 32 keys in all, and the key levers I of each series have

page_text: their fulcra on a separate rod carried by the brackets C. Upon the pivot c' of the
type levers, is mounted a coiled spring, which is so arranged that the elbow lever c
will be returned to its normal position (the drawn position on Fig. 2), and with it
the type lever or arm, after each stroke.
The type, which may be of any suitable material, are secured to the ends of the
arms a face upwards, at varying angles, according to the position of each type
lever in the half circle of the type levers (as indicated by the dotted lines Fig. 1),
in order that the type shall always strike the paper on the centre line, and the
position of the type lever, when giving the stroke downwards on the paper, is
indicated by the dotted lines of Fig. 2.
C
This movement is somewhat peculiar, and will now be described. Let it be
assumed the key lever is depressed, which pulls on the elbow lever c. Immediately
this lever commences to move, it throws the link pivot & up, as the link assumes a
more or less vertical position, and cants the type arm downwards, so that the type
are moved clear of the ink pad E. The continued motion of a straightens out the
link in line with the bracket, and withdraws the type from under the pad. As
the motion of e continues, the link is turned over to the other side of the bracket,
and the elbow lever a being pivotted to the type lever a in rear of the link &, the
type lever a is caused to turn entirely over, so as to bring the type downwards
onto the paper. This arrangement of the type levers is of considerable importance
in a machine of this class, where the parts are necessarily somewhat crowded one
upon the other, as it permits of the parts of the type levers being made of thin
steel, and therefore they take up but little space comparatively. It also permits
of the type heads being, so to speak, in rear of their fulern, so that they lie on the
greater radius, which allows them inore room, the inner ends of the levers on the
smaller radius heing further apart than heretofore. Thus, the workmen, in
constructing the machine, can more conveniently get at the parts.
The whole of the parts of the type lever can also be fitted together, and the
type lever to its respective bracket, before being placed in the machine, the bracket
heing secured to the frame D by two screws, which pass through the holes in the
flange of the bracket, as indicated in Fig. 2.
As before mentioned, each type has three characters, and the paper carriage G
is moved backwards and forwards longitudinally of the machine, to present the
paper to the character required.
This movement of the earringe G is effected in the following manner, that is to
say, at each end, and depending from the carriage G, is a lug g, carrying a pin,
which enters the forked end of a lever arm J (see the detailed view Fig. 5).
These lever arms are keyed to a rock shaft J which has its benrings in the
side brackets C. Keyed to one end of this rock shart, is a pendent lever arm,
which is connected by a link rod J³ with the stem of a rocking inverted T piece K,
pivotted to a standard fixed to the base plate A, near the front or keyboard of the
machine. This T piece K carries, at the outer end of each arm, a bell crank
lever KK, each provided with a key K³ K', and these bell crank levers are
connected together (so that the key arms shall always maintain the same vertical
position) by a pivotted bar Kª, parallel to K, which bar K is provided on its
under edge with projections carrying pins K K7. A slide K, provided with a
key K and a key K, works in rear of the bell cranks K K and bar K, and
upon the face of the standard, a slot being formed therein to allow the slide to
move irrespective of the pivot pin of the bar K, which passes through the slide.
K is a spring provided with a spring hook or eye K, which is intended to take
on to one of the pins Kº, K7, or K. In the position shown in the figure (5), the
slide K is down, and the spring hook K is placed on to the pin K. This pin K
is in contact with the ends of the bell crank levers K' K (one of which passes
behind the other), and consequently the parallel bars are held horizontal, and the
stem of the T piece K vertical. In this position, the paper carriage will be at the
centre of its longitudinal travel, and the centre character of the types (in

page_text: the present instance, the capital letters) will always strike the paper, and the type-
writing will be all capitals. To print small letters or figures, the keys K³ or K
will be temporarily pressed down.
If the printing is to be mainly in small letters, the key K will be pushed down,
and the spring hook K" will be placed over the pin K, and the slide K³ will be
drawn up.
The picce K will thus be rocked on its pivot, and the stem will be thrown to
the left. This movement, by means of the connecting rod J³, will rock the levers J,
so as to move the carriage G to the right, and thus bring the point of contact of
the paper under the small characters of the type (see Fig. 2). The parts will
then be set in a position indicated in Fig. 6A, that is to say, the end of the bell
crank K will be in contact with the pin K on the raised slide K, and the bell
crank Kwill be some distance below it, and so long as the parts remain in this
position, the printing will be in small letters only.
When a capital is required, the slide K will be pushed down by pressing on the
key K, and the pin K will bring the bell cranks K' K into line against
the pressure of the spring K"; the rock shaft will be rocked, and the carriage
moved, to bring the point of contact opposite the capitals. So long as the pressure
is maintained on the key K, the "caps." will be printed. In like manner, if it is
desired to print a figure or a symbol, the key K will be pressed down, and the
paper carriage will be moved in the opposite direction, to bring the paper in
position, and so long as this key is held down against the pressure of the spring K",
figures, etc., will be printed, the spring returning the parts to their set position
when the pressure on the key is removed.
If columns of figures are required, the spring hook K will be placed on the
pin K, the position of the parts being exactly the reverse of that shown
at Fig. 5A.
In this way the change from one character to another of the type, can be readily
effected without the expenditure of undue force, the spring K always returning
the parts to the set position, whichever it may be.
Referring now to the paper carriage, which consists of two parts G and H, as
before mentioned, G is a rectangular frame, which works on the rollers F, as before
mentioned, and is provided with guides G', which extend beyond the frame, as
seen in Fig. 2. The rear bar of this frame carries a set of antifriction rollers G',
and the upper face of the front bar is surfaced to form a clean-way for rollers H²
of the part H. G³ is a gong, which is struck in any convenient manner, when the
carriage H approaches the end of its travel.
'
The part consists of a rectangular frame, with a standard at each end, with
horns or extension pieces H' on the rear bar, and with antifriction rollers H² on
the front bar, which rollers run on the front bar of the part G. Secured to the
underside of the horns H' by screws or otherwise, is a rod ³, which passes through
the guides G and works on the rollers G of the lower carriage G. Mounted in
suitable bearings in the standards H, is a cylinder L, which may be termed the
impression cylinder, as the paper is on this cylinder when it receives the blow of
the inked type. L' is a vipping roller, which is mounted in a rocking frame L2,
pivotted to the frame H, and it is caused to nip the paper by the action of a
coiled spring. To the top of the frame L is secured a shield L³, which is caused
by the same coiled spring to press on the paper near the point of contact where
the type strikes, and thus keep the paper well down on the cylinder.
L' is a sheet metal guide which guides the paper into the nip of the rollers L L'.
The axial motion of the cylinder L, to progress the paper, is produced and
regulated by the mechanism shown at Figs. 12 and 13. L is a bent lever pivotted
at Lo to one standard of the carriage H, and provided with a rearward extension
carrying a pin L'.
On the same pivot L' is mounted a slotted lever or arm LB (the slot being
formed with shoulders), and pivotted to this arm L is a pawl L, which lies in the
path of the pin L, and between the lever L' and the arin L. Keyed on the axle

page_text: of the cylinder 1, and in line with the pawl 1º, is a toothed wheel L, which is
rovided with a spring-retaining pawl L. Mounted loosely on the axle of the
ylinder is a sleeve L", with a milled head, and this sleeve is formed of two
diameters, so as to produce shoulders as shown by the section Fig. 13. On the
smaller diameter three notches are formed to receive the point of a spring-retaining
pawl L, and 1." is a fixed handle.
When it is desired to axially move the cylinder 1, the two handles are grasped
with the hand, and the handle 1. is pressed forward. The pin 17 first comes into
contact with the pawl L, which is tipped into a tooth of the wheel L, and the
wheel is then rotated the distance of one, two, or three teeth, according to the
manner in which it is set, to give a space equal to one, two, or three lines.
The setting is effected by turning the sleeve 1" to bring one or other of its
three notches opposite the pawl L. By this means, the top shoulder of the
sleeve is advanced or withdrawn, and consequently the movement of the slotted
arm L backwards, will be restricted or enlarged, because the top shoulder of the
slot will strike the shoulder on the sleeve at an earlier or later period of time.
In this way the lever 1 and the pawl L' are moved a less or greater distance,
so that the pawl, as it moves hackward with the arm, will move over one, two, or
three teeth, as the case may be, and will rack round the cylinder (when pressed
forward) a corresponding distance, thus giving a marrow or wide spacing between
the lines of type, as desired.
The carriage is moved transversely of the machine by means of the band or
chain H, which is adjustably attached to a central bar of the frame II, and the
free ends, after passing twice round a pulley (one at each end of the machine), are
connected together by an adjustable connection, which may be a
shown at Figs. 3 and 8.
spring H, ns
Motion is communicated to the chain by a spring, the nction of which is
regulated by an escape movement operated by the usual spacing and key levers, as
substantially described in the Specification of the former Patent. M M are the
pulleys at opposite ends of the inchine, on which the chain is mounted, and these
pulleys are fixed on their axles, which are mounted in brackets secured to the
frame of the machine. On the axle M, is mounted loosely a drum M³, which is
connected to the axle by a coiled spring in the usual way.
Fixed to the side of this drum is a ratchet wheel M, which is provided with a
double pawl M. pivotted on the axle bracket. By turning the drum M³ the
distance of a few teeth, a certain amount of tension is put on the spring. This
will be done when the paper carriage is at the end of its stroke, so that there will
always be a reserve of power. When the carriage is returned to the commencement
of its stroke by hand in the usual way, the spring will be further wound up, and
the power to propel the carriage during the working of the machine is thus
provided.
The power has to be given out intermittently, to produce a step-by-step motion
of the carriage, and this is effected by means of the escapement at the opposite
end of the machine.
The general form of this escapement is similar to that described and shown
at Figs. 12 and 13 in the former Patent before referred to. Qo the male of the
pulley M, is keyed a fine-tooth ratchet wheel M³, and by the side of it, and
mounted loosely, is a toothed wheel M, which carries a pawl M', by which the
two wheels M, M, are connected together. Outside the wheel Mis mounted,
also loosely, a sector frame M, having at its bottom edge a projection or stop M.
To one side bar of the frame MP is pivotted an arm M, at the unter end of which
is pivotted a pallet M", which takes into the teeth of the wheel M. The pivot
pin of this pallet projects into a slot near the end of one arm of the escape lever N,
which has its fulcrum in a bracket N' attached to the frame of the machine. At
the end of the other arm of the escape lever N, is a fixed pallet N, which also
takes into the teeth of the wheel M. The tail of this lever N projects towards
the centre of the machine, and overlies an arm o operated either by the key levers

page_text: or by the spacing lever 0, a coiled spring, as shown, being used to return the
lever N to its normal position.
P. PP are three rectangular frames arranged one within the other, and serve
for the letter spacing, as in the before mentioned Patent. These frames are
pivotted to short standards on the base plate A.
The front bar of the frame P underlies the key levers and the spacing lever 0,
on the depression of either of which, the frame is rocked, and the tail of the escape
lever N is raised by the projecting arm o, thus permitting the escape wheel M to
advance under the tension of the spring in the barrel M², as will be hereafter
explained.
The frames P P² carry projections PP, which extend beyond the stop M
of the sector frame, and serve, when raised, to limit the travel of the sector Mr,
which in turn limits the advance of the escape wheel, as will be described.
The action is as follows:-On depressing the spacing lever O, the frame P is
rocked, and the arm is raised, which raises the tail of lever N, and rocks the
pallet arms in opposite directions. This operation throws the pallet N' into the
teeth of the wheel Me, and withdraws the pallet M", and thus the sector frame M*
is free to be drawn forward by its spring, so that the pallet M is moved past one
or more teeth, as desired. The ordinary distance is four teeth, but this can be
regulated to one, two, or three, by a mechanism to be presently described.
Now let the lever N return to its normal position, under the influence of its
coiled spring, the pallet N will be withdrawn from, and the pallet M" thrown
into, the teeth of the wheel M, and the wheel will be free to rotate, in the
direction of the arrow, a distance limited by the working of the pallet pin in
the slot of the lever N, the movement being caused by the spring in the barrel M*
at the other end of the machine pulling on the chain which passes twice round the
pulley M. The sector frame will then assume the dotted position of Fig. 3.
In addition to the ordinary spacing lever O, I provide additional spacing
levers 0 0 0, the operations of which serve to limit, as is the case with the
extensions P, P*, of the levers P1, P2, the movement of the sector frame and its
pallet, to the distance of 1, 2, or 3 teeth, respectively. The ends of these levers
project to the back of the machine, beyond the stop M" of the sector frame M³,
and the ends of O2 & O³ underlie the extensions P11*² (see Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7).
When this frame is in the dotted position Fig. 3, and the spacing is to be limited
to one tooth, spacing lever O' is depressed. This will throw up the tail of the
lever, so that the projection M' will strike against it, as comes forward, and be
stopped. As the pallet M" by this time will have moved the distance of one tooth
only, it will be evident that, so long as the lever O is depressed, the spacing will
only be the distance of one tooth. In like manner, if O2 be depressed, the sector
frame will travel so much further, and the spacing will be so much greater, and
when neither of these levers O', 0%, or 0³, is depressed, the sector will travel its
normal distance, and the spacing will be normal, or a distance of four teeth.
Means may be provided for holding down the spacing levers 0, 0, or 0%, so that
the amount of spacing may be set as desired, though the spacing will be effected
in every case by the operation of the spacing lever O in the usual way.
In type-writing, it is often necessary to return the paper a short distance, in
order to put in a missing letter, or for other purposes, or to advance it some distance
without printing, so as to leave a greater or less space, and in order to provide for
effecting these movements quickly, and without undue labour, I make use of the
device shown at Figs. 8 and 9.
R is a bar, which is pivotted to the ends of the parts H' of the paper carriage
by the links R', one of which is formed with a handle R². This bar R overlies the
bent end of a lever R³, which has its fulcrum on a stud R' extending from a lug on
the frame G, and also has attached to its free arm a curved spring R³. At one end,
this spring K abuts against the pulley M' (round which the chain passes), which
forms, in effect, a fixed abutment. At the other end, this spring R³ bears against
a disc R carried by a sleeve mounted, and capable of sliding, on the axle of the

page_text: pulley M, and which is kept in its normal position (the drawn position Fig. 9) by
a coiled spring R. This disc R is intended to throw the pawl M' carried by the
trothed wheel M out of gear with the toothed wheel M, and thus release this
latter wheel, so that the axle M' may be rotated independently of the escapement N.
This effect is produced by raising the handle R' to the dotted position, which
causes the bar R to rock the lever R, and straighten out or flatten the curved
spring R, which, being this expanded, pushes the disc R° into the dotted position
(see Fig. 9). The edge of the disc R thus comes into contact with the inclinel
fare of the pawl M', and forces the pawl out of the teeth of the wheel M, which,
as mentioned above, is thus free to rotate irrespective of the escapement. N.
When the desired position of the carriage is attained, the handle R is let go,
and the parts assume their normal position, under the influence of the several
springs.
With type-writers as at present constructed, it is difficult to produce columns of
figures, as no means are provided for stopping the travel of the paper carriage at
the exact position for the column of figures, and consequently much time is wasted
in finding out the exact position.
I have therefore designed a means by which the paper may be positively set in
position for each line, when it is desired to produce columns of figures. $S, Figs. 10
& 11, are pius or studs fitted (it may be adjustably) to the front bar of the paper
carringe II, and S' is a box secured to the frame D of the type levers, and in
which a spring plunger S works.
The normal position of this plunger is more or less withdrawn in its box, so as
to be clear of the studs S (see Fig. 11), but when it is desirel to arrest the
movement of the carriage, it is pushed forward, and held in its forward position by
n bayonet catch, or in any other convenient manner, so that it will strike against a
pin situate in a position relative to the calumu of figures
The carriage will be pulled back in the ordinary way approximately to the
position required, and the plunger then being pushed forward, strikes against a
pin S, and stops exactly each time in the position required.
In this way, much Inbour and time are saved in gauging the position of the
column of figures.
The underlining of words is also an operation which is generally very crudely
provided for in type-writers, and 1 therefore provide means whereby this operation
may be readily effected.
-on
These means are shown in elevation at Fig. 2, and in plan view at Fig. 14,–
the same sheet of drawings.
Tis a bar, which is pivotted at both ends to the standards of the impression
cylinder 1. This bar is common to type-writers, and is intended in its normal
position (the position shown in dotted lines Fig. 2) to rest upon the paper in advance
of the lines of writing, and thus hold it down onto the impression cylinder, while
being printed upon. Upon this bar is mounted a slide T', which is cylindrical
externally, and upon it, mounted a rocking arm T. At the end of this arm is
conveniently mounted a rotating disc T, which forms the marker. The arm T
carries a standard T', to which is secured a stud axle for an inking roller T
with which the marking dise T runs in contact.
The marker is held out of contact with the paper by a suitable spring, a finger
piece T being employed to rock the arm T, and bring the disc T onto the paper,
as well as to move the slide T along the bar T.
When it is desired to underline, the bar T is brought over to the drawn position
Figs. 2 and 14, and the under-lining device, which had, in the normal position of the
bar, been resting between the end of the cylinder L and the standard (as indicated
by dotted lines, Fig. 14), is moved forward to the position desired, and is the
pressed onto the paper, and run along the bar as far as may be necessary.
In this way, a continuous line is unde instead of a number of short dashes, as
heretofore, and in much less time, the dimensions of the device being such that
the disc shall touch the paper immediately below the line of writing. When tho

page_text: underlining has been effected, the device is brought to one end of the impression
cylinder, and the bar T is turned over to its normal position, resting on the paper.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A type-writing machine constructed, arranged, and operating substantially as
herein shown and described.
2. The arrangement of type levers substantially as herein shown and described,
whereby the type are withdrawn from under an inking pad, and are caused to strike
downwards on the paper, as set forth.
3. The means substantially as herein shown and described for giving longitudinal
motion to the paper carriage, as and for the purpose set forth.
4. The means substantially as berein shown and described, for setting or
regulating the distance of the spacing between the words or letters, in combination
with, or as part of the type-writing machine claimed in Claim 1, as set forth.
5. In type-writing machines of the class claimed in Claim 1, the means
substantially as herein shown and described, for throwing the escape mechanism out
of gear, as and for the purpose set forth.
6. The means substantially as herein shown and described for arresting the
backward movement of the paper carriage at a given position in relation to a
column of figures, as set forth.
7. The means substantially as herein shown and described for under-scoring the
lines of printing.
8. In type-writing machines of the class claimed in Claim 1, the means.
substantially as herein shown and described, for axially moving the paper or
impression cylinder, for the purpose set forth.
9. The arrangement of mechanism substantially as herein shown and described,
for causing the varying intermittent travel of the paper carriage, for the purpose
set forth.
10. A type lever for type-writers, consisting of the elements a, b, c, and d, in
combination with a fixed bracket D', a spring, and a finger key, and operating in
the manner substantially as herein shown and described.
11. The construction and arrangement of the double paper carriage or carrier,.
substantially as herein shown and described.
12. In a type-writer, the use of means for increasing or decreasing, at will, the
width of the spacing, as set forth.
13. In a type-writer, the use of means for arresting the backward movement of
the paper carriage at a given position in relation to a column of figures, as set forth_
14. In a type-writer, the use of a continuous under-scoring device, as set forth.
Dated this 3rd day of November 1894.
?
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.