IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE PLACES OR FURNACES FOR HEATING POTTERY BRICK OR LIKE KILNS OR OVENS to be as follows:
Year: 1884

page_text: Brick, or like Kilns or Ovens.
I WILLIAM HASSALL of Meadow Lane Beeston in the County of Nottingham,
Agent do hereby declare the nature of my said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FIRE PLACES OR FURNACES FOR HEATING POTTERY BRICK OR LIKE KILNS OR
OVENS to be as follows:-
"
This invention has for its object further improvements on an invention for which
I applied for letters Patent on the 14th day of October 1884 No. 13593. and is
designed to further increase the efficiency of heating power in such fireplaces or
furnaces for circular or other kilns.
In the specification of my aforesaid application I describe a perforated chamber
extending across the fire hole in front of an arch or hanging bridge and to which
air is admitted by pipes passing to the front of the fireplace or furnace to the outer
air for the purpose of heating the air passing to the perforated chamber before the
same is discharged on to the fire.
Now according to my present invention I seek to provide a longer circuit for the
incoming air to travel before reaching the perforated chamber and to utilize as
much as possible the heat absorbed by the sides and walls of the fireplace or furnace
and the heat stored in the kiln or oven.
Instead of the pipes from the outside of the fireplace or furnace passing directly
to the perforated chamber I may cause the pipes to take several upwards-and-
downwards or serpentine courses.
For instance in a circular kiln I may cause the pipes or flues to open to the air
outside the furnace midway between a pair of fireplaces or furnaces and one pipe or
flue take one or more serpentine bends to one side of the perforated chamber of one
furnace and the other pipe or flue supply the opposite end of the perforated
chamber of the next firehole or furnace. Thus the two openings placed together
respectively supply air to opposite ends of the perforated chambers in both fire-
places or furnaces and so by thus placing these openings and bends of pipes or
Hues round the circular kiln or oven each fireplace or furnace is supplied with
heated air.
I can place the air tubes or flues for supplying the perforated chambers against
or in the outer walls of the kiln or oven or in the space between the inner face of

page_text: 81
"
the outer wall and the inner wall or "bag" or I can form such flues in the inner
wall or "bag" of the kiln or oven and so utilize the heat absorbed by such wall or
bag In this case the pipe or flue must descend to the perforated chamber in
the fire hole and may in place of being arranged in serpentine form, descend from
the outer wall of the furnace to the "bag" or inner wall, rise up the same, cross
the space between the outer wall and inner wall or "bag" and descend to the
perforated chamber in the firehole or furnace.
In some cases I may heat the air for the perforated chamber by first passing it
through pipes or flues made airtight inside the kilns or ovens which pipes or flues
may be made to pass through or envelope the outlet flue from the kiln or oven and
from this outlet flue the pipes or flues may pass forwards and upwards through the
inner wall or "bag" in the kiln or oven.
I may, instead of placing the perforated chamber in the firehole or furnace,
perforate the inner wall or "bag" of the kiln or oven at the top so that the heated.
air escapes and meets the hot gases rising from the fire, so generating great heat in
immediate contact with wares or goods to be fixed.
In some cases I may use air passages in the side walls or roof of the fireplace or
furnace to heat air for my perforated chamber.
As regards the perforated chamber I may make this form the arch or hanging
bridge perforating the same as before in place of using a dead or solid arch or an
arch perforated through.
In this case the arch is hollow and the air supplied to it as before described and
also discharged therefrom.
To close the front of my firehole or furnace a suitable door or other means may
be used for the purpose of excluding cold air.

page_text: Improvements in Fireplaces or Furnaces for Heating Pottery,
Brick, or like Kilns or Ovens.
I WILLIAM HASSALL of Meadow Lane Beeston in the county of Nottingham
Agent do hereby declare the nature of this invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-
PLACES OR FURNACES FOR HEATING POTTERY BRICK OR LIKE KILNS OR OVENS and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:—
This invention has for its object further improvements on an invention for
which I was granted Letters Patent on 14th day of October 1884 No 13593 and is
designed to further increase the efficiency of heating power in such fireplaces or
furnaces for circular or other kilns or ovens.
In the specification of my aforesaid application I describe a perforated chamber
extending across the fire hole in front of an arch or hanging bridge and to which
air is admitted by pipes passing to the front of the fireplace or furnace to the
outer air for the purpose of heating the air passing to the perforated chamber before
the same is discharged on to the fire.
Now according to my present invention I seek to provide a longer circuit for the
incoming air to travel before reaching the perforated chamber or the firehole of the
kiln or oven and to utilize as much as possible the heat absorbed by the sides and
walls of the fireplace or furnace and the heat stored in the kiln or oven.
Referring to the two accompanying sheets of drawings and to the figures and
letters of reference marked thereon.
.
Fig. 1 is an elevation of a fire place, shewing, the various flue openings, doors &c.
Fig. 2 is a half plan to the right of line "
c, c" of a fire place on line "g," "g
"345
Fig. 3 and half plan to the left of line " c," of figures 3, 4, 5.
Fig. 3 is a vertical section on line " e, e," Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a vertical section on line "f" "f" Fig. 5.
Fig. 5 is a vertical section on line "h," "h" Fig. 4. "1" "1" Fig. 2.
Fig. 6 is a vertical section through different arrangements of flues.
394
"
Fig. 7 is a part plan of circular kiln in which the right hand side of the fire
place is a plan shewing the flues in Figs. 9 and 11. Left hand side of the fire place
shews flues above fire place and is taken on line “m,” m" Fig. 9.
Fig. 8 is a vertical section through flue R.
Fig. 9 is a vertical section on line "i" "¿" Fig. 11.
Fig. 10 is a vertical section shewing flue 0' leading up against the wall instead
of inside as shewn at O³ Fig. 5.
Fig. 11. The left hand side is a vertical section shewing flues leading into
chamber K and is taken on line "j" "j" Fig. 9. The right hand side sbews flue R'
leading straight up into chamber J having small perforations at top.
Instead of the pipes from the outside of the fire place or furnace passing directly,
to the perforated chamber I may cause the pipes to take several upwards-and-
downwards or serpentine courses.

page_text: For instance in a circular kiln I may cause the pipes or flues M see Fig. 1 and
right hand portion of section Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 Fig. 6, Fig. 7 Fig. 11, to open to
the air outside the furnace by valved openings L L midway between a pair
of fireplaces or furnaces and one pipe or flue take one or more serpentine bends as
shewn in Fig. 1 to one side of the perforated chamber J of one furnace and the
other pipe or flue M next to the same supply to the opposite end of the perforated
chamber of the next fire hole or furnace.
Thus the two openings L L placed together respectively as shown in Fig. 1
supply air to opposite ends of the perforated chambers J (see also the right hand
half of Fig. 7) in both fireplaces or furnaces and thus by placing these openings LL
and bends of pipes or flues M around the circular kiln or oven as shewn in the
right hand half plans Fig. 2 and 7 each fire place or furnace is supplied with
heated air.
As shewn in Fig. 6 I can arrange air tubes or flues for supplying the perforated
chambers, against or in the outer walls of the kiln or oven or in the space between
the inner face of the outer wall and the inner wall or "bag" of the kiln or oven
and so utilize the heat absorbed by such wall or bag. In this case the pipe or flue
must descend to the perforated chamber in the fire hole and may in place of being
arranged in serpentine form, descend from the outer wall of the kiln or oven to
the bag or inner wall, rise up the same, cross the space between the outer wall and
inner wall or "bag" and descend to the perforated chamber in the firehole or
furnace.
And I will now proceed to describe several modifications above referred to with
regard to the said Figure 6.
The one modification has the pipe or flue V in the outer walls of the kiln or oven
opening to the air at the top of the kiln or oven and closed by a suitable valve as
shewn at Z.
The air can, descend through V and pass into pipe or flue M to the chamber J.
In the other modification the pipe or flue U is placed against the outer walls of the
kiln or oven. Air enters at the valved top descends the same and passes through
the horizontal bend of U into pipe or flue M to chamber J. Or the air can enter
at the valved top of pipe or flue W placed in the short inner wall or "bag" W₁
descend the same, cross the space between the inner wall or "bag" W and the
outer wall, entering pipe or flue M.
The arrows shew the course of the air. Or the pipes could be arranged so that
the air entering V could pass to W by a suitable passage, rise up the same, cross
the horizontal extension of W and so pass to chamber J.
The dotted lines shewing pipe or tube M¹ and the pipe or flue O¹ shewn in this
figure will be hereafter described.
In some cases I may heat the air for the perforated chamber J by first passing it
through pipes or flues made airtight inside kilns or ovens which pipes or flues may
pass forwards and upwards through the inner wall or bag" in the kiln or oven
or against the outer wall.
$4
With regard to figure 7. X is a door leading from the kiln or oven to the outlet
flue Y and pipes O, O are placed in the same, opening to the outer air at P. P.
which openings are closed by suitable valves as described.
The pipes or flues O are shown in plan in Fig. 2, and in section in Figs. 3,
5, 6 (0) 8, 10.
Coming horizontally from the outlet flue to kiln or oven, they rise upwards
through the "bag" or inner wall (as shewn in Fig. 6 O¹), where they join tube W,
the air from the pipes or tubes O, passes up 01 through the inner wall or "bag,"
crosses W and descends to chamber J through pipe or tube M.
In Fig. 5 the pipe or tube O passes upward through the "bag" or inner wall O¹,
and forwards by extension O³ to perforated chamber K to assist in supplying air
as hereafter described.
Another branch O' from O in this figure is shewn placed partly in, or against
the outer walls of the kiln or oven and joining the extension O' as shewn. Thus

page_text: heated air travels up 01 absorbing heat from the inner wall or bag W₁, and heat
passes from O up through pipe or tube O' absorbing heat from the outer walls of
the kiln or oven, both currents of air meeting at Os before escaping into passage or
chamber K as hereafter described. I also shew a flue R opening to the outer air
at valved openings Q Figs. 1, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, and joining flue 0%. In Fig. 10 the
flue O takes the place of O* Figure 5.
Instead of, or as well as using the perforated chamber or chambers K bereafter
referred to I may perforate the inner wall or bag of the kiln or oven at the top as
shewn at d Figs. 3 and 8. The vertical pipes 0 0¹ coming from the inside of the
kiln or oven and passing up through the wall or "bag" W have horizontal
extensions as shewn in Figs. 3 and 8 which are continued round the circular inner
wall or "bag" W', and in which the holes " d" "d" are made at intervals round
the top of the said inner wall or "bag."
Thus the heated air from 001 and in Fig. 8 from flues R, R¹ leading to 0¹
escapes through perforations "d" "d" and meets the hot gases rising from the fire
so generating great heat in immediate contact with wares or goods to be fired.
Or as shewn by dots in figure 8 I may take another pipe or flue from O against
the outer wall of the kiln or oven. In some cases I may use air passages K in
the side walls or in the roof of the fire place or furnace to heat air.
Referring firstly to Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and particularly to Fig. 4 I can admit air
through valved openings to flue R, which air as before described passes up
flue through extension O' where it is joined by air from O and O¹ to the
chambers or passages K in the side walls of the fire place where it escapes by
perforations "b," "b," as shewn in Figures 4, and 5, and more particularly shewn
in Fig. 4 by the short arrows, on to the burning fuel on the grate bars. I may at
this point refer to Fig. 8 where the same letters (substituting O* for O³) apply.
Instead of admitting the air to K by the flues R and valved openings QI may
admit air to K by the before named pipes or tubes M by arranging extensions M¹
as shewn in dotted lines in Figs. 3 and 6, and clearly in the left hand side of plan
on line - Fig. 2, the extension M' leading from M to K.
Or as in figure 6, the air passing down V, U, W, or up 0¹ and across the
horizontal extension of W may descend pipe or flue M and lead to M¹ (shewn in
this figure in dots) and thence to K, and from it escaping by its perfora-
tions "b" "b" to the fire. As shown in Fig. 4 the air from flue R from valved
openings and that from flue Os leading from flues or pipes 0 0¹ (or 01 Fig. 8)
passes also over the roof of the furnace, the passages or chambers K being arranged
on each side of the fire place. Or as shewn in Fig. 7 (left hand half plan) and in
Figs, 9 and 11, I can admit air through the valved openings SS over the roof of the
furnace passing down the pipes or flues T to chamber K (see the left hand section of
Fig. 11 also Fig. 9) and which current of heated air can also be supplemented by
the heat from flue O leading from pipes or flues O¹, 03, 0' connected to O in the
outlet flue, the air escaping from "b," "b" on to the fire. Or as shewn in the
right hand section of Fig. 11, and in the left hand section of Fig. 9 I can cause
the air to enter by the valved openings Q passing through flue R up the passages
or side chambers in the side walls of the furnace and thence into the chamber J.
and be discharged through its perforations "a," "a" (see also Fig. 3) on to the fire,
part of the air also escaping through holes "c," "o" in the passages R³ in the side
walls (which are equivalent to the before described passage K.) on to the fire. In
Fig. 11 the pipe or flue M is also shewn entering J leading to the valved openings L
after taking the upwards and downwards or serpentine bends as before described.
By the valved openings SS, Q, Q, L L, I can regulate my air supplies to a great
nicety. For instance in Fig. 11 I can admit more air through S than through Q
and vice versa, or more through them than through L or vice versa.
Thus I can
direct streams of air downwards or across the fire or behind it as by chamber J
figure 3 whereby I ensure perfect combustion and am enabled to burn cheap or
common fuel such as slack or dust. In working the furnace air can also be

page_text: admitted by the sliding door C if desired besides the air admitted by the various
valved openings.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
'I claim is
Firstly. The construction of fire places, hereinbefore described, with long circuits
for the incoming air supplied by the valved or regulated openings, by causing the
pipes or flues (such as M) to take upwards and downwards or serpentine bends in
the walls of the kiln or oven before discharging the heated air into the fire
substantially as and for the purposes described with reference to the accompanying
drawings.
Secondly. The construction of fire places as herein before described with long
pipes or flues having valved or regulated openings passing through the outer walls
of the kiln or oven from the top thereof, as at V, or passing against such outer
walls, as at U, or passing through the inner wall or bag and crossing to the pipe or
flue in the outer wall, as at W, such pipes or flues supplying heated air to a
perforated chamber or chambers in the fire place, substantially as and for the
purposes hereinbefore described with reference to Fig. 6 of the accompanying
drawings.
Thirdly. The construction of fire places as hereinbefore described with pipes or
flues (such as O) having valved openings (such as P) placed air tight in the outlet
flues of the kilns or ovens and extending up the inner wall or "bag," or against,
or in the outer walls and forward to supply a perforated chamber or chambers
admitting air to the fire substantially as and for the purposes described and with
reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fourthly. The construction of fire places as herein before described, with the
top of the inner wall or "bag" perforated (as at "d") to supply heated air rising
through pipes or flues in the same from pipes or flues O placed in the outlet flue Y
of the kiln or oven substantially as and for the purposes described with reference
to Figures 3 and 8 of the accompanying drawings.
Fifthly. The construction of fire places as hereinbefore described with reference
to Figs. 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10 11 of the accompanying drawings, wherein passages
are formed in the side walls or roof of the furnace to admit heated air to the fire
place substantially in the manner and for the purposes hereinbefore described.
Dated this 23rd day of September 1885.
POPPLE WELL, COLTON & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.