IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ConstruCTION OF PLOUGHS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Zacharias Tregenowan Williams, of the Borough
of Liskeard, Cornwall, Agricultural Implement Manufacturer, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ConstruCTION OF PLOUGHS"
-
the Invention of
66
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OR
PLOUGHS
"
Sealed the 5th December 1874, and dated the 8th October 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Zacharias Tregenowan.
Williams at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his;
Petition, on the 8th October 1874...
I, ZACHARIAS TREGENOWAN WILLIAMS, of the Borough of Liskeard,
Cornwall, Agricultural Implement Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
PLOUGHS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in an improved construction of plough known
as the "turn wrest plough," whereby the same is rendered more efficient
than heretofore..
In all previous arrangements the shaft or beam has been so low that
no wheel could be placed under the body of the plough to remove the
friction caused by the shoe rubbing on the ground. By my improve-

page_text: ments I do away with both the share shaft and the shoe, thereby leaving
sufficient space for a wheel which I now introduce.
Heretofore the shares had to be turned upside down at every turn of
the plough, and if the hole in the share were not perfectly straight the
point would run deeper at one turn than the other, and would work
unevenly. After the share was well worn it became necessary to alter
its dip on the shaft, but this could not be done, and no adequate method
of adjustment has hitherto been introduced. By my improvements the
share can be adjusted as may be required..
In carrying out my Invention I do away with not only the share shaft
and the shoe, but also. with the shaft that carries the mould irons, and I
simplify and strengthen the mould iron stays.
The mould irons where not joined to but detached from the body of
the plough are therefore very weak, and soon become loose on their
joints, bearings, and fastenings. I firmly attach the mould iron to the
body by bolts or rivets, thereby rendering it secure. The shares and
mould irons and some of the other working parts I securely fasten to the
body of the plough, giving it increased strength and durability and sim-
plifying its construction.
The body with all its attachments revolves on the beam as its centre,
and being evenly balanced a small amount of power only is required to
cause it to revolve or to slide longitudinally. The beam is attached to a
strong eye only, in which it is firmly keyed, projecting at the end nearest
the stills sufficiently to form a centre, on which revolves the universal
joint which moves the body. This eye is firmly attached to the stills,
which are continued on to support the wheel under the plough, and in
which the wheel revolves. The universal joint is connected to the
plough body by a semicircular piece secured by a flange to the
universal joint at one end, and also by a flange secured to the body of
the plough. The semicircular piece revolves around the eye, and leads
the motion from the universal joint to the body of the plough. To the
flange nearest the body and to the semicircular piece is attached a catch,
with bolts, studs, and screws and long holes to admit of adjustment, and
by an arrangement of levers the body of the plough may be slid on the
beam longitudinally, so as to leave the catches, and thus admit of the
circular motion of the body, and which when it has passed through a

page_text: semicircle can be again drawn back on its catches, where it is again
rigidly fixed.
With the arrangements in the herein-before described catches adjust-
ments can
bé made to tighten up or relax as may be required, and the
course of the plough. can be easily adjusted, that is, if it inclines too
much to the land it can be brought back, or vice versà, a provision not
before introduced in the turn wrest plough.
Hitherto the hole in the beam to admit the coulter has been only long
enough to admit the coulter and tiller in front, and the coulter and tiller
movements have had a separate hole. I make the hole long enough to
admit the working parts of the coulter and also the adjustments of the
fore wheels, or a continuation of the double beam from the body to the
end of the beam.
,
Hitherto the handle or lever that has been in use for turning the share
and mould irons has not been provided with the means of shifting the
share bar longitudinally. The handle I'employ is fixed on a suitable
fulcrum and obviates this defect.
SPECIFICATION filed in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters
Patent, and of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, by the said
.
Zacharias Tregenowan Williams in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 14th April 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ZACHARIAS
TREGENOWAN WILLIAMS, of the Borough of Liskeard, Cornwall, Agri-
cultural Implement Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Zacharias Tregenowan Williams, Her special
licence that I, the said Zacharias Tregenowan Williams, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Zacharias
Tregenowan Williams, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all

page_text: times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLOUGHS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Zacharias Tregenowan
Williams, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal. Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Zacharias Tregenowan Williams, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing
bereto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is
to say:
-
This Invention consists in an improved construction of plough known
as the turn wrest plough, whereby the same is rendered more efficient
than heretofore.
In all previous arrangements the shaft or beam has been so low that
no wheel could be placed under the body of the plough to remove the
friction caused by the shoe rubbing in the ground. By my improve-
ments I do away with both the share shaft and the shoe, thereby leaving
sufficient space for a wheel which I now introduce.
Heretofore the shares had to be turned upside down at every turn of
the plough, and if the hole in the share were not perfectly straight the
point would run deeper at one turn than the other, and would work
unevenly. After the share was well worn it became necessary to alter
its dip on the shaft, but this could not be done, and no adequate method
of adjustment has hitherto been introduced. By my improvements the
share can be adjusted as may be required.
.
In carrying out my Invention I do away with not only the share shaft
and the shoe but also with the shaft that carries the mould irons, and I
simplify and strengthen the mould iron stays.
The mould irons where not joined to but detached from the body of.
the plough are therefore very weak, and soon become loose in their

page_text: joints, bearings, and fastenings. I firmly attach the mould irons to the
body by bolts or rivets, thereby rendering them secure. The shares and
mould irons and some of the other working parts I securely fasten to
the body of the plough, and I give it increased strength and durability
and simplify its construction.
The body with all its attachments revolves on the beam as its centre,
and being evenly balanced a small amount of power only is required to
cause it to revolve or to slide longitudinally. The beam is attached to a
strong eye only, in which it is firmly keyed, projecting at the end nearest
the stilts sufficiently to form a centre, on which revolves the universal
joint which moves the body. This eye is firmly attached to the stilts,
which are continued on to support the wheel under the plough, and in
which the wheel revolves. The universal joint is connected to the
plough body by a semicircular piece secured by a flange to the universal
joint at one end, and also by a flange secured to the body of the plough.
This semicircular piece revolves around the eye, and leads the motion
from the universal joint to the body of the plough. To the flange nearest
the body and to the semicircular piece is attached a catch, with bolts,
stud, and screws, and long holes to admit of adjustment, and by an
arrangement of levers the body of the plough may be slid on the
beam longitudinally so as to leave the catches and thus admit or the
circular motion of the body, and which when it has passed through a
semicircle can be drawn back on its catches, where it is again rigidly
fixed.
.
With the arrangements in the herein-before described catches adjust-
ments can be made to tighten up or relax, as may be required, and the
course of the plough can be easily adjusted, that is to say, if it inclines
too much to the land it can be brought back, or vice versa.
Hitherto the hole in the beam to admit the coulter has been only long
enough to admit the coulter and tiller in front, and the coulter and tiller t
movements have had a separate hole. I make the hole long enough to
admit the working parts of the coulter, and also the adjustments of the
fore wheels in the same hole, or between a continuation of the double
beam from the body to the end of the beam.
. Hitherto the handle or lever that has been in use for turning the share
and mould irons has not been provided with the means of shifting the
share bar longitudinally. The handle I employ is fixed on a suitable
fulcrum, and obviates this defect.

page_text: Thirdly. The employment of a double beam from the body to the end,
as and for the purposes herein-before described and represented in the
accompanying Drawing.
Fourthly. The employment of a handle working on a fulcrum for,
effecting the diagonal motion of the body, as herein-before described and.
represented in the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Zacharias Tregenowan Williams,
have hereto set my hand and seal, this Eighth day of April,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.
ZACHARIAS TREGENOWAN WILLIAMS. (L.S.)