Year: 1898

page_text: I, SAMUEL ARTHUR RHODES, of Hyde Road, Ardwick, Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Oven Builder, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion to be as follows:-
This invention relates to that class of bakers' oven capable of being, heated by
a chaffer or wagon. This method of heating an oven whilst having some advan-
tages has considerable disadvantages being dirty and depositing soot in the oven,
and is laborious for the men having to push the wagon containing the fuel and
fire about in the oven and as the heat passes from the oven direct into the
chimney a great percentage of the heat cannot be utilized.
My invention is designed to provide an oven heated externally or by external
furnace and flues with which a wagon or chaffer can be employed when desired
to, augment the internal heat or otherwise..
I construct the oven with the interior sole and crown of tiles, fire bricks or the
like as in the ordinary wagon or chaffer oven. And I also construct a small
auxiliary furnace underneath with flues running under the sole along the sides
and over the crown of the oven by which means all the heat generated in the
furnace will be fully utilized in heating the oven before the products of combus-
tion escape up the chimney.
I at present prefer to arrange a small furnace in front and carry two or more
preferably four, flues from front to back under the sole of the oven, also a return
flue at each side of the oven and one on top over the crown. The three flues
converge upwards to the chimney.
Side flues from the furnace open direct into the vertical flues the connection1
being closed or controlled by dampers whereby the heated gases may be delivered
direct to the chimney should it be required to cool the oven while the fire is
alight.
As the ovens are required at a very high temperature it may be necessary
when they are being worked very heavy to occasionally flash them by means of
a wagon or chaffer but one wagon is sufficient to do this and when the heat has
thus been raised to the required degree the external fire will maintain it thereat
for a long period of time.
A flue controlled by dampers leads from the interior of the oven to the
chimney.
By a judicious use of the dampers the heat can be applied to either the sole
or crown of the oven together or separately as required.
Dated this 17th day of August 1898.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
6, Bank Street, Manchester, Patent Agents.

page_text: I, SAMUEL ARTHUR RHODES, of Hyde Road, Ardwick, Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Oven Builder, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to that class of bakers' oven capable of being heated by
a chaffer or wagon. This method of heating an oven whilst having some advan-
tages has considerable disadvantages being dirty and depositing soot in the oven,
and is laborious for the men having to push the wagon containing the fuel and
fire about in the oven and as the heat passes from the oven direct into the
chimney a great percentage of the heat cannot be utilized.
My invention is designed to provide an oven heated externally or by external
furnace and flues with which a wagon or chaffer can be employed when desired
to augment the internal heat or otherwise..
It will be fully described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1. Longitudinal section.
Fig. 2. Transverse section one line -y Fig. 1.
Fig. 3. Transverse section on line - Fig. 1.
The interior A of the oven is built with tiles fire bricks or the like for the
sole a crown a¹ and sides as in the ordinary wagon or chaffer oven.
Beneath the sole a I construct a small furnace B with flues C running under
the sole, flues 1) along the sides and a flue or flues E over the crown a¹ of the
oven A, by which means all the heat generated in the furnace B will be fully
utilized in heating the oven before the products of combustion escape up the
chimney F.
I at present prefer to arrange a small furnace B in front and carry two or
more preferably two, flues C from front to back under the sole a of the oven,
also a return flue D at each side of the oven and one E on top over the crown a¹.
Side flues G from the furnace B open direct into the vertical flues H the con-
nection being closed or controlled by dampers h whereby the heated gases may be
delivered direct to the chimney should it be required to cool the oven while the
fire is alight.
The chimney F is also regulated by a damper f.
As the ovens are required at a very high temperature it may be necessary
when they are being worked very heavy to occasionally flash them by means of
a wagon or chaffer but one wagon is sufficient to do this and when the heat has
thus been raised to the required degree the external fire will maintain it thereat
for a long period of time."
A flue K controlled by damper k leads from the interior of the oven to the
chimney, to carry off the products of combustion from the interior when the
chaffer or wagon is used and to ventilate and draw off steam from the oven before
opening it.
By a judicious use of the dampers the heat can be applied to either the sole
or crown of the oven together or separately as required.
The small furnace B under the sole of the oven may be placed either at the
back or one side of the oven if desired or found convenient and the flues arranged
to suit the same so as to carry the products of combustion around all the sides of
Further the chimney may be placed at either end of the oven or in
other convenient position.
the oven.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. A bakers' oven constructed and arranged to be heated by external heat and
also capable of being flashed or heated by a wagon or chaffer substantially as
described and shown.
2. A bakers' oven constructed and arranged to be heated by external heat and
also capable of being flashed or heated by a wagon or chaffer constructed with
a small furnace and flue beneath the sole flues extending along the sides and
over the top to heat the oven; flues leading direct from the furnace to the
chimney controlled by a damper and a flue opening direct into the oven to carry
off the products of combustion from a chaffer placed inside the oven substantially
as described.
Dated this 16th day of May 1899.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Manchester, Liverpool and London, Patent Agents.