matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING, OR TWISTING COTTON, WORSTED, Silk, or oTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Scaife at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th October 1881.
ROBERT SCAIFE, of Colne, in the County of Lancaster, Spindle Maker.
'IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING,
OR TWISTING COTTON, WORSTED, Silk, or oTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
The objects of this Invention are to allow the bobbins employed in spinning and
doubling cotton, worsted, silk, and other fibres to be workod at a higher speed, to
prevent the flyer over running the bobbin when the frame is stopped, to obtain a
positive motion without slip, and to reduce the cost of the apparatus.
Instead of using three rails for carrying and guiding the spindle and for traversing
the bobbins upon the spindle, that is to say, a "foot rail," a "collar," or " bolster
rail," and a "bobbin rail," I use two rails only. These two rails are the foot rail
and the bobbin rail, the latter of which replaces the collar or bolster rail. The
bobbin rail is bored or drilled to an easy fit with the spindle, and being always
nearer to the top of the spindle than the present collar rail the vibration is greatly
reduced, and the bobbin may therefore be run at a greater speed.
To prevent the bobbin slipping on the tube from which it receives its motion, I
fix a felt washer upon the bottom of the bobbin and a similar washer upon the
contact surface of the tube. The two felt surfaces offer a greater resistance than
surfaces of wood and metal, or of wood and felt, as sometimes employed, and ensures
a positive motion.
To prevent the flyer over running the bobbin when the frame is stopped, I
employ one or more felt washers, which are placed upon the flyer spindle. These
washers bearing upon the upper end of the stationary spindle introduce friction
between the flyer and spindle, and act in the same manner as a brake in reducing
the speed.
These improvements enable mo to form the stationary spindle, the tube, and the
flyer spindle in cast iron instead of steel, and thus to greatly reduce their cost.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS REGULATORS AND BURNERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Julius Ungar at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th November 1881.
"
JULIUS UNGAR, of No. 123, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS REGULATORS AND BURNERS."
My Invention relates to improvements in gas regulators and burners, and has
for its object to maintain a regular and uniform pressure of gas at the burner, and
to enable a person to observe the action of the gas whilst flowing thereto.
My Invention consists, firstly, in the application and use of one or more layers
or discs of talc, open or perforated at their circumference as required, and placed in
a suitable box or casing between the supply pipe and burner in such a manner
that any sudden flow or excessive pressure of gas coming from the supply pipe
impinges on the talc and presses it towards the burner so as to contract the passage
thereto, and thereby check the flow of gas. When the excessive pressure of gas
has subsided, the disc (or discs) of tale returns by its natural spring to its normal
position, whereby a constant and uniform pressure of gas is maintained at the
burner.
Secondly. I may make the circular or other shaped sides of the box or casing
containing the disc (or discs) of tale and carrying the burner, with one or more
sheets or panels of talc through which the action of the gas may be observed from
the outside.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROTECTING LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES AND TRAINS FROM DAMAGE BY COLLISION, AND IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Colwell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd September 1881.
CHARLES COLWELL, of Southtown, in the County of Suffolk, Gentleman.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PROTECTING LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES AND TRAINS FROM DAMAGE
BY COLLISION, AND IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
Although locomotive engines are very costly, yet no attempt seems to have been
made to protect them from the first shock by collision. Assuming this to be
accomplished, it is clear that the springs on both engine and tender would be the
next to lessen the effects of the concussion, and so on from buffer to buffer, as now
arranged, and which remain unaltered.
Now my Invention relates to improvements in protecting locomotive engines
and trains from damage by collision, and in means or apparatus to be employed
therefor, and for the purpose of my Invention I construct an apparatus consisting
of hydrostatic and pneumatic appliances which, when combined and arranged in
the manner hereinafter described, I term "Pilot Protector," and which I place in
front of the engine and couple it thereto. I propose to construct this apparatus or
"Pilot Protector" of immense resistance combined with the greatest elasticity
possible, and of such a height as in no way to obstruct the view of the engineer or
driver.
My apparatus or pilot protector consists of an under carriage, on which I mount
two (or more) sets of cylinders (one for each buffer), the cylinders of each set com-
municating with each other by means of pipes or tubes. In the lower cylinders of
each set, and at the ends thereof pistons are fitted, and are connected to buffers by
means of rods. These buffers at one end abut against those of the engine, and
at the other end are destined to receive the impact of the shock occasioned by a
collision.
The cylinders contain water, which is supplied to them through pipes from
reservoirs carried on the apparatus. These pipes lead to both ends of the pistons,
so that the descent of the water behind the pistons will prevent any vacuum and
resist the recoil or resilience.
The upper cylinders of each set are provided with compressed air holders of
suitable construction.

page_text: Thus it will be understood that the descending water will drive the air in the
cylinders upwards, and into the air holders, and that in proportion to the difference
of the internal area of the upper cylinders as compared with the supply pipes and
superincumbent weight of water, so will be the multiplied power of compression
which must always exist in addition to its enormously compressed state in event
of concussion.
The principle of the Invention may be applied to an ordinary break van at the
rear of the train, as well as intermediately if desired, and to "stop blocks" in
general.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN OR RELATING TO FASTENINGS FOR WINDOWS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Walker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd April 1881.
GEORGE WALKER, of Victor Works, Tenby Street North, Birmingham. "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN OR RELATING TO FASTENINGS FOR WINDOWS."
The object of this Invention, which relates to an improvement in or relating to
fastenings for window-sashes, is to lock or render the same more secure when
fastened, and so as to prevent the fastener from being thrust back from the outside
by the insertion between the sashes of a knife or other instrument.
The improvement is especially applicable to sash fasteners of the ordinary
construction, and it consists in the application of a spring plate or of an equivalent
spring catch piece, which is either mounted on the base plate of the hook or catch
which is usually upon the upper or meeting bar of the lower sash frame, or on a
separate base plate secured to the same bar of the same sash frame, and the action
of which spring catch piece is that when the usual fastening arm carried by the
lower or meeting bar of the upper sash frame is turned, so as to engage with the
said hook or catch of the lower sash frame in order to fasten both the sash frames
together, the fastening arm slips past the free end of the said spring plate, catch,
or locking piece, and is thereby locked in the usual hook or catch, and thus firmnly
retained (without the possibility of its being actuated from without) until its
removal is necessary, which can easily be effected with one hand by simply
pressing the spring catch backwards and the fastening arm sideways simul-
taneously, when the usual spring of the latter carries it clear of the lower sash
frame, and admits of the sash frames being opened or moved up or down, as
desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC RAMS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jonas Webster at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th October 1881.
JONAS WEBSTER, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Agricultural Engineer.
" IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC RAMS."
This Invention has reference to the "beat valve" or waste valve of hydraulic
rams. The object of this Invention is to make this valve more reliable than it is
now, and consequently more effective. The improvements consist in connecting
the valve rod to a U shaped flat spring or other form of spring. As this spring is
always in a position to act in either direction, when the valve is moved by the
entrance and exit of water into the ram, it is more positive in its action than the
ordinary "drop beat valve." Screws and wheels are employed for adjusting and
regulating the motion of the spring.
A REVOLVING BUOY TO BE DRIVEN BY THE ACTION OF TIDE OR STREAM AND HAVING A WARNING BELL OR GONG ATTACHED
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Melville Duncan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd December 1881.
FRANCIS MELVILLE DUNCAN residing at Four Fitzroy Place Glasgow in the
County of Lanark North Britain "A REVOLVING BUOY TO BE DRIVEN BY THE
ACTION OF TIDE OR STREAM AND HAVING A WARNING BELL OR GONG
ATTACHED."
My Invention relates to a self acting bell buoy intended to be of use to navigators
and designed to act in streams or tidal rivers; the motive power being derived from
the tide or stream.
For this purpose I employ a spindle which may be constructed of wood or of iron
or other metal or a combination of both.
Upon this spindle I mount, with capability of revolving, a floating buoy having
fins blades or screw attached to its sides which are acted upon by the stream or
tide to rotate such buoy or a wheel similar to the paddle wheel of a steamer may be
acted upon by the tide for this purpose.
As the buoy revolves it communicates motion to a hammer tongue or other
instrument which will at intervals sound a bell or gong attached to the end of the
spindle.
The lower end of the spindle is moored to a submerged buoy which will maintain
it in the position desired.
This submerged buoy is moored to a sinker and will sustain to a great extent tho
weight of the mooring chain and will be at all times under water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INDEX SCALES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clayton Mewburn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd September 1881. A cominuni-
cation from abroad by Julius Post, of Hamburg, in the German Empire.
JOHN CLAYTON MEWBURN, of 169, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent and Consulting Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN INDEX SCALES." [A com-
munication from abroad by Julius Post, of Hamburg, in the German Empire.]
This Invention relates to those index scales in which a finger is used to indicate
on an index plate or scale the weight or part of the weight of the substance being
weighed.
The improvements consist, firstly, in the use in such index scales of a straight
index plate instead of the curved index plate as hitherto used, and this straight
index plate can be either in a vertical, horizontal, or oblique position. This
straight index plate, which can be applied to all kinds of index scales, forms in a
certain way the tangential line of the are described by the index finger.
The second part of the improvements relates to the pendant frames of such scales,
and on which frames removable weights are constantly kept, so that when the
frame is loaded with these weights the scale is in its true or normal position, but
when such weights (one or more of them) are removed the actual weight of the
article being weighed is ascertained, and these improvements consist in certain
arrangements of figures or numbers on the pendant frames of such scales. I mark
on the pendant frame itself the figures or amounts of such removable weights, so
that whenever a weight is actually removed the figure or amount of the removed
weight can be seen or read on that portion of the pendant frame (either on the
vertical or horizontal part) from which the weight has been removed.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MAGNESIA
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hermann Wedekind at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd May 1881. A communication from
abroad by Hans Hapenschild, of Berlin, in the Empire of Germany.
HERMANN WEDEKIND, of Fenchurch Street, in the City of London.
" IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MAGNESIA." A communication from abroad by
Hans Hagenschild, of Berlin, in the Empire of Germany.
According to my Invention I take burnt or powdered carbonate of magnesia, or
lime containing magnesia slaked to hydrate, or dolomite or magnesian lime stone,
and treat it with dilute sulphuric acid or soluble sulphates of alkalies, alkaline earths,
or metals in limited quantities, and the precipitates produced are separated
according to their specific gravity. The sulphate of calcium thus formed is
rendered more soluble by the addition of common salt, sal ammoniac, or muriatic
acid, or nitric acid, and is thereby more readily separated from the precipitated
magnesia. The separation (according to the specific gravity) may be made
according to the density and other physical conditions of the precipitates in any
of the following ways:-
1. At the moment of precipitation the mixture may be stirred and then allowed
to settle in deep vessels (according to the different precipitates). These vessels
may have outlets at different heights in order to draw off the precipitates, or
they can be divided by horizontal sieves into different divisions.
2. Or the two different masses may be mixed together by water of corresponding
temperature (introduced from below), and being thus mixed and brought into
suspension the heavy parts are separated from the lighter by a gradual overflow
stream.
3. Or the heavy portions can be separated from the lighter by centrifugal
force.
4. Or the finer and coarser substances can be separated by filter presses.
5. Or the crystallizable portions can be separated from the amorphous parts by
diffusion through porous division walls.
The pulp of the hydrate of the before named stony substances can be separated
(by being washed or sluiced in water containing colloidal substances (glue or size)
into two parts, the one containing lime and the other magnesia respectively. The
operation may be repeated until an efficient separation of lime and magnesia has
taken place.
AN IMPROVED DOUBLE SPRING SADDLE BAR
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Dovey at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th April 1881.
FRANCIS DOVEY, trading as Urch and Company, of Long Acre, in the County of
"AN IMPROVED DOUBLE SPRING SADDLE BAR."
Middlesex.
Stirrup saddle bars as ordinarily constructed are made of one main piece with a
thumb bit, and are rivetted to the tree of the saddle by means of ear pieces, one
formed at the head of the tree, and the other on the bar.
After the stirrup strap is placed upon the bar, the thumb bit can be closed and
so prevent the stirrup strap under an ordinary strain escaping.
Now this Invention consists in making the saddle bar in two main pieces,
one the saddle bar, and the other a piece rivetted to the saddle tree to receive the
bar.
The
The plate rivetted to the saddle tree consists of a staple provided with a foot to
attach it to the tree; the upper portion of the staple having a notch or recess
formed in it, and the lower portion being furnished with a depending stem.
stirrup saddle bar itself is of the letter U form, the bottom part of the bar being
fitted with a spring clip to effect the escape of the stirrup strap in case of accident,
and the upper arm carrying a loop piece in which it can freely turn.
The upper portion of the loop piece is shaped to take into the notch in the head
of the staple on the saddle tree, and an opening in the centre of the loop is made
to suit the contour of the staple over which it is placed when in position, and from
which it can be released should a rider fall either on the "near" or "off" side.
A spring clip is placed on each side of the loop to lock it upon the staple when
the spring bar is in its place on the saddle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PNEUMATIC BELLS AND GONGS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Newton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th April 1881.
JAMES NEWTON, of Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PNEUMATIC BELLS AND GONGS."
.
My Invention relates to improvements in pneumatic bells and gongs.
The apparatus consists of an ordinary ringing bell hung by a spring to a crank
arm or carriage fixed on a spindle, the weight of the bell and its carriage being
counterbalanced by a weight on an upright arm acted on by a return spring.
The latter arm is connected by a jointed link with the end of a rod which slides
through a glass guide, and is attached at its other end to an air bag or bellows.
The latter is connected by a tube with the apartment whence the bell is to be rung,
and is inflated by means of the usual press button or other appliance acting on an
air bag at the other end of the tube. This tube is provided with an air valve of
peculiar construction to permit the immediate escape of the air pressure from the
bellows after it has acted therein. This valve consists of a cupped disc or plug
working up and down in a cylindrical case, communicating with the tube above and
below the valve. The valve is provided with a central thoroughfare and tubular
neck, which when the valve is raised by the air pressure beneath it shuts off an air
escape hole at the side of the valve case, but uncovers it so as to permit the free
escape of the air from the air bag or bellows, when the valve is caused to fall by
the pressure of air behind it produced by the return spring on the balance lever
collapsing the air bag or bellows.
The escape of the air being immediate the bell is enabled to swing freely, as is
necessary for a bell of this description. The bell is provided with the usual
vibrating pendulum and name plate. In the case of a gong the hammer would be
carried by the spindle in the place of the bell and the gong would be a fixture.
MENTS IN THE SOLES OR INSOLES OF BOOTS, SHOES, OR SLIPPERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Samuel Cohen. at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th October 1881.
Louis SAMUEL COHEN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
MENTS IN THE SOLES OR INSOLES OF BOOTS, SHOES, OR SLIPPERS."
"IMPROVE-
In boots and shoes as ordinarily constructed damp quickly rises through the sole
from the ground. My Invention is designed to prevent this. Many modes of
preventing this have been designed; thus gutta percha soles have been tried, but
these are apt to melt and crack; a layer of thin slicet copper has been inserted,
but this cracks, cuts the insole, and works out, and further will not adhere tightly,
and the damp gets in by capillary attraction. Now I make my outer solo and the
part next the foot of the insole both of ordinary leather; but fixed to one of these,
preferably the insole, I place a layer of bituminous felt, or other flexible water-
proof material, that will strongly adhero to leather by the aid of the solution I
employ. I now take india rubber solution and well wet the lower surface of the
insole and the upper surface of the felt, and press or roll the two layers together
and leave to set. The insole thus formed can be made up into boots, shoes, or
slippers in the ordinary way, and will be found perfectly waterproof.
In attaching the sole it is useful but not necessary to give a coating of the
india rubber solution before placing in position, as the rubber solution tends to
bind the whole into a solid mass, and much assist the sewing, or nails, or pegs, in
keeping the sole well secured to the insolo.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO TRAMCARS. FOR CLEARING THE RAILS OF SNOW OR OTHER OBSTRUCTION
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leonard Metcalfe, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th January 1881.
LEONARD METCALFE, of Didsbury, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO TRAMCARS. FOR
CLEARING THE RAILS OF SNOW OR OTHER OBSTRUCTION."
This Invention relates to the construction of a simple apparatus to be applied to
tramcars for the purpose of clearing the grooves of the tramrails from snow or other
obstructions, and consists principally of a lever hung from a bracket fixed to the
framing of the car at each side in front of the wheels.
The lower end of each lever is provided with a socket or jaw in which is fixed a
small plough or instrument which, as the tramcar travels along, runs in the groove
of the tram-way and clears all obstruction therefrom, throwing the snow or other
obstruction to one or both sides.
.
The lever has also attached to it an adjustable spring of sufficient power to
overcome the resistance of any ordinary obstruction, but which will give way and
prevent the breakage of the lever or plough on meeting at any time with such an
obstruction as it cannot remove.
The lever is also fitted with a screw or other suitable appliance, by means of
which the driver or guard can (by an easy motion of the hand or foot) raise the
lever up so as to lift the plough or instrument out of action when not required to
be used.
In some cases a brush may be employed instead of or in connection with the
lough.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR TRAVELLING AND OTHER BAGS, DRESSING CASES, RETICULES, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Louis Marx at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th June 1881.
LOUIS MARX, of Golden Square, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN FASTENINGS FOR TRAVELLING AND OTHER BAGS, DRESSING CASES, RETICULES,
AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES."
This Invention is more particularly applicable to securing the internal standard
flaps with which travelling and other bags, dressing cases, reticules, and other like
articles are fitted, and has for its object to dispense with the straps and other
devices hitherto employed for that purpose, which have been found both ineffective
and troublesome, and to substitute therefor a neat, strong, and effective fastening,
combining extreme simplicity of construction with great convenience in usc.
Such improved fastening consists, firstly, of a small metal catch working easily
to and fro on a base plate to which it is fastened, and which base plate is itself
attached either to the plate of the lock fitted to the bag or to the framework of
the bag itself, as most convenient; and secondly, of a catch plate having a projecting
horizontal tongue or catch piece formed thereon, one of such catch plates is
fastened to the head of each of the internal standard flaps of the bag in such a
position that when the catch is turned downwards vertically it takes into such
horizontal tongue or catch piece. To prevent such catch working loose, a recess is
formed in its face, which recess corresponds in length to the width of the horizontal
tongue or catch piece, so that when the catch is turned down vertically the
horizontal tongue or catch piece takes into such recess and thus securely holds tho
catch. A small notch is formed in the extremity of the catch to allow of its being
readily opened and closed.
Another advantage of my improved fastening is that from its simplicity and
compactness it occupies but very little space, is never in the way, and is not liablo
to get out of order.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CAPS AND HATS MADE OF CLOTH AND OTHER PLIABLE MATERIALS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Solomon R. Prager at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th July 1881.
SOLOMON R. PRAGER, of Wood Street, Spitalfields, Fur Hat and Cap Manu-
facturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CAPS AND HATS MADE OF CLOTH AND OTHER
PLIABLE MATERIALS."
My Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of caps and hats
made of cloth, fur, silk, oilskin, or other pliable material, so that the crown and
sides of the cap or hat may be changed or shifted from one material to another at
pleasure.
It consists in making the sides and crown of the cap or hat of two or more
layers, lined on both sides with the different materials desired, the series of layers
being sewn together at the sides and crown by a central seam across the cap or
hat, from front to back, or otherwise, as found most suitable, in such a manner that
one half of each layer being shifted or changed over from one side of the cap or
hat to the other exposes a different material to view.
The different layers when shifted and adjusted are buttoned or otherwise secured
at the sides.
Hoods lined on each side with corresponding material may be used in com-
bination with the above arrangement for protecting the nape of the neck from sun
and rain.
If desired springs of india rubber, steel, or other elastic material may be
combined with the above for throwing over or changing the different layers of
inaterial.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PRESERVING COTTON SEED AND COTTON SEED KERNELS AND MEAL, AND IN TREATING THE SAME TO OBTAIN VALUABLE PRODUCTS THEREFROM."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Felix Robertson Lanier at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th August 1881.
"
FELIX ROBERTSON LANIER, of Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America,
temporarily of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Planter. IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PRESERVING COTTON SEED AND COTTON SEED KERNELS AND MEAL,
AND IN TREATING THE SAME TO OBTAIN VALUABLE PRODUCTS THEREFROM."
My improvements relate, first, to a process of preserving for storage or transpor-
tation cotton seed and cotton seed kernels and meal, and second, to so treating
the preserved cotton seed or kernels or meal that sweet and valuable oil and cake
are obtained.
Cotton seed, cotton seed kernels and meal, and cotton seed cake, have heretofore
from damp, heat, and other influences, been much damaged during sea transit.
Now my Invention consists under the first part in packing the cotton seed either
whole or in meal, by preference as decorticated meal, in suitable oil tight or nearly
oil tight packages, and in filling up the spaces between the seeds or meal with
cotton seed oil.
The process of preserving just described, although valuable in this country, would
usually be carried into practice abroad.
The second part consists in subjecting the mass preserved under the above first
part to hydraulic or other pressure, and usually with heat to separate and extract
the oil and to obtain in a sweet and wholesome condition oil and feeding cake.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BITS FOR HORSES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th March 1881.
A communication from G. W. Waldemar von Nostitz and Iaenckendorf, of
Rosswein, in the Kingdom of Saxony.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, Proprietor of the Firm of J. Brandt and
G. W. von Nawrocki, of 124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, in the German Empire,
Patent Agent and Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BITS FOR HORSES.”
A communication from G. W. Waldemar von Nostitz and Iaenckendorf, of
Rosswein, in the Kingdom of Saxony.
This Invention relates to horse bits with broken mouthpiece, and has for its
object to prevent the animal from bringing the tongue over the mouthpiece,
whereby its effect would be annulled.
The
The device consists of a double hoop of steel, each forming an eyelet through
which passes the mouthpiece on which the hoops are capable of turning. The
two ends of each hoop are also provided with eyelets, the lower ends being con-
nected with each other direct like the two halves of the mouthpiece, while the
upper ends are joined together by a short link or a hook closed by a screw.
upper part of the hoops are filled with small chains, steel bars, or wire netting, so
that the horse cannot pass his tongue through the hoops. If chains are used I
prefer to span two steel bars right and left from the upper to the lower part of the
hoops and attach the chains to these bars. If the space is filled with steel rods
the latter are preferably hinged in the centre. In order to secure the position of
the hoop and to prevent the free end of the hoop from pushing against the plate,
the upper part of the hoop is connected right and left with the extremities of the
cheeks by small chains. Instead of the latter I may provide the parts of the
mouthpiece on which the hoop pivots with noses, which allow only a limited
rotary motion around the mouthpiece.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Richard Settle at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th March 1881.
EDWARD RICHARD SETTLE, of Coventry, in the County of Warwick. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH VELOCIPEDES."
This Invention has for its object,―
Firstly. The construction of an improved ball bearing for the pedals and wheels
of velocipedes.
Secondly. The construction of a strong and rigid felloe for velocipede wheels.
Thirdly. An improved form of bearing or socket for the bottom centre pin of the
steering fork.
Under the first head I use a division plate placed vertically in the chamber
containing the steel balls, said balls being placed in holes in said plate, the
internally dished or recessed loose caps of the bearing screwing down as usual on
the screwed part of the spindle passing through the hub. By this means the balls
are kept separate from each other, and thorough lubrication ensured.
Under the second head I construct a hollow felloe with a tube of cylindrical,
oval, or other section running through it, making it of great strength and
.rigidity.
Under the third head I construct a bearing or socket for the lower centre of the
steering fork of hardened steel having a conically turned hole or recess in which
said centre turns a square or other sectioned projection preventing the blaring or
socket revolving or moving.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN WOOL COMBING MACHINERY
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Bailey at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th March 1881.
ISAAC BAILEY, of Keighley, in the County of York, Wool Comber. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WOOL COMBING MACHINERY."
This Invention relates to apparatus for pressing the wool into the teeth of
Noble's or circular combs in place of the dabbing brushes and other devices
hitherto employed.
My apparatus consists of two or more plates or blades curved to the radius of
the circular comb, and secured to a rod capable of sliding in brackets fixed to the
pillar of the machine. By means of a cam or occentric on the driving shaft
assisted by a spring, a vertical reciprocating motion is imparted to the plates, the
movement being very slight, so as not to raise the deepest portion of the platos
above the points of the comb teeth.
The points of the plates are raised considerably above the teeth so as to press
the wool down gradually.
The cam is provided with two swells, so that the plates will receive two motions
for one revolution of the cam.
By my Invention the expense attending the use of brushes is avoided, and tho
machine works with less power and reduced vibration.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF CIGARETTES WITHOUT PAPER
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Moses Appelbaum at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th September 1881.
MOSES APPELBAUM, of Commercial Road East, in the County of Middlesex,
Cigarette Manufacturer. "A NEW OR IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF CIGARETTES
WITHOUT PAPER."
Heretofore cigarettes have been manufactured by rolling up tobacco in paper,
but it has been found that the paper produces certain pernicious effects on the
lungs.
Now the object of my Invention is to remedy this evil, and for such purpose I
propose to manufacture cigarettes without paper, in the manner hereinafter set
forth.
બ
I first take a sufficient quantity of tobacco necessary to make a cigarette of the
required size, or in other words to constitute what is technically known as the
filler," and I place it on a blank of paper; I then introduce a wire through its
centre, in the direction of its length, so as to form a core or mandrel. On or around
this wire core I roll up the tobacco in the paper blank, in manner similar to that
now performed in the manufacture of cigarettes, and I wet the "overlap" of the
blank in order to secure the "filler" in place around its core.
I then lay the "fillers," with their wire cores, aside to dry for about two hours,
and when sufficiently dry I remove the paper therefrom without disarranging the
tobacco, which now retains its rolled or cylindrical shape around its wire core, I
next take leaf tobacco, which in place of the paper now used is to form the wrapper,
and I cut it into strips (or other suitable shapes) of a required length; I then wrap
or wind a strip of this leaf tobacco spirally around the "filler," and secure it at one
end with paste. The wire core is then withdrawn, and the ends of the cigarette
are cut. I thus produce a cigarette without paper, and one uninjurious to the
lungs.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STREET OR ROAD TRAMWAYS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Allarton Edge at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th August 1881.
CHARLES ALLARTON EDGE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Architect.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STREET OR ROAD TRAMWAYS."
My Invention consists in part in constructing the rails and chairs of street or
road tramways in the manner hereinafter described. My Invention consists,
further, in the methods hereinafter described of giving to the chairs and paving of
the said tramways a continuous support, and also of the method hereinafter
described of connecting the tie rods to the rails and chairs. I use a rail having
the ordinary groove in the middle of its upper face, but I make on the underside
of the said rail and along the middle thereof a projection having a wedge shaped
figure in cross section. I make each chair of two angle bars of wrought iron or
steel bolted together near the junction of the foot parts with the vertical or check
parts; but instead of making the cheek parts of the chair straight I give to the
upper part of each half chair a curved figure; when the cheeks of the halves of the
chair thus constructed are brought together, a nearly wedge shaped space or cavity
is left between their upper parts, the lower parts of the said cheeks abutting
against one another, and being bolted together. In this wedge shaped cavity of
the chair the wedge shaped projection on the under side of the rail fits or seats
itself, the tops of the curved cheeks of the chair taking into depressions in the
under side of the rail. The rail is fixed in the wedge shaped seat of the chair by
means of taper keys or cotters passed through a hole in the projection on the rail,
and through slots in the cheeks of the chair. In order to connect the tie rod to
the rail and chair I make near the end of the tie rod a depression, and pass the
said end through slots in the cheeks of the chair before the rail is fixed to the
chair; when the rail is seated in the chair the extreme end of its wedge shaped
projection fits in the depression in the tie rod. By then keying or cottering the
rail in the chair the tie rod is at the same time secured in its place.
I give a continuous and slightly yielding support to the chairs and paving by
bolting to the underside of each half foot of the chair and near the outer end
thereof a wrought iron sleeper having an inverted trough or dish form, or a corru-
gated figure. When a heavy load passes over the chairs and paving, the supporting
plates or sleepers described yield slightly in the direction of their breadth.
An agreeable elasticity is thereby imparted to the road as the vehicle travels
over it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John Haddan, of Kensington, Middlesex, for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS." A communication from abroad
. by Captain Christen Arentsen, of Arendal, Norway.
(Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Herbert John Haddan at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th September 1881.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PUMPS." A communication from abroad by Captain Christen Arentsen, of
Arendal, Norway.
These improvements relate to pumps for water or air, and their object is to
render such pumps more efficient by applying two pistons to each pump instead of
one. The improvements are performed by seating the pump on a base plate, which
is screwed or otherwise fastened to the bottom of a ship or other convenient place,
and consist of a main pump-chamber which communicates sideways through an
orifice with another chamber. These two chambers have elongated tubes projecting
downward through the base plate. In the pump chamber there are two pistons
having motion alternately approaching to and receding from one another. The
pistons are moved by a crank shaft by means of connecting rods, the opposite
motion of each pair of pistons being obtained by the cranks.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO BICYCLES, TRICYCLES, AND OTHER VELOCIPEDES."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Gosling at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th February 1881.
JOHN HENRY GOSLING, of Southsea, in the County of Hants.
IMPROVEMENTS
IN OR APPLICABLE TO BICYCLES, TRICYCLES, AND OTHER VELOCIPEDES."
This Invention relates to improvements in or applicable to the socket heads of
bicycles, tricycles, and other velocipedes, whereby the friction of such socket heads
is diminished and the necessity of using a lubricant is avoided.
In carrying out my improvements the socket does not fit close to the centre pin
as usual, but I form a groove or recess or inclined surface at the base of the socket
for receiving loose steel balls in such a manner that they shall revolve round the
centre pin of the fork when the pin is turned, so that the said balls take the
weight of the rider. In the upper part of the socket I provide another groove,
recess, or inclined surface, in which are likewise placed loose steel balls revolving
in a similar manner to the herein before described lower balls. It will thus be seen
that the centre pin of the fork working only against the herein before described
balls causes less friction; it may be worked without, oil, and consequently works
freely, easily, and cleanly, which is an important advantage to the rider.
top of the socket I provide a screw cap with a set screw; the said screw cap serves
to prevent ingress of dirt and the like, and the set screw prevents this cap from
working out.
At the
By this arrangement the loose balls in the upper and lower grooves, recesses,
or inclined surfaces of the socket work only against the centre pin of the fork and
the grooves or recesses, and the pin being made taper as usual, it follows that as the
socket wears it will drop onto the lower balls, which keeps the whole tight, and no
oil being required there will be no clogging or setting of the centre pin so that the
head is always ready for use.
IMPROVED REVERSIBLE SLAB FOR SCHOLASTIC AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bernard Tomkys and William
Tattersall at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st May
1881.
BERNARD TOMKYS and WILLIAM TATTERSALL, both of Haslingden, in the County
of Lancaster. "IMPROVED REVERSIBLE SLAB FOR SCHOLASTIC AND OTHER
PURPOSES."
This Invention is intended to supersede the blackboard, slates, and other
appliances used as blackboards for purposes of instruction in schools. As such it
consists of a white slab of pot opal glass having both surfaces specially prepared by
being rendered rough by grinding to take black or coloured chalk. This slab is
fixed in a frame, hinged at the bottom on a back protecting board.
By this
arrangement either surface is readily exposed, and may be used at pleasure. The
whole may be fixed on an ordinary school easel, or suspended from the wall in like
manner as a slate. Any colour of chalk may be used with equal facility and effect,
and all colours are removed by the gentle application of a moist sponge.
A sponge
with water is held in a vessel suspended from the bottom of the slab. The surface
of the protecting board against which the slab rests when in position is covered
with soft linen or swansdown cloth or other suitable material, and thus affords a
suitable cushion for slab.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING APPARATUS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ezra Hatton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th May 1881.
EZRA HATTON, of Bedford Street, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Gas
and Ventilating Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING APPARATUS."
The object of my Invention is to produce a ventilator which shall be weather-
tight when wholly or partially open or closed, to be free from draught, easily
opened and regulated, and not liable to get out of order.
When applied to windows, a light frame of metal or other suitable material is
made and fitted in the window frame, so as to form what may be termed an hopper
ventilator, having two sides and a swing front of glass or other material.
On the upper edge and sides of the swing frame are fixed strips of cloth, india
rubber, or any other flexible material so arranged as to form a weather tight
connection between the fixed and movable portion of the ventilator.
When the ventilator is intended to be fixed otherwise than in a window frame
it may be made entirely of metal or other suitable material, and the flexible
material attached in a similar manner to the swinging portion.
The ventilator may be opened, closed, and regulated either with cord and pulleys
or by means of a quadrant and catch.
The hinge is made the full width of the ventilator, and is formed of a half tube
fixed at the bottom of the swinging portion of the ventilator resting on a rod of
brass fitted at the bottom of the fixed frame. This forms a hinge that is wind
and weather tight, and will not by any amount of exposure or usage become fast.
I place below the hinge a water bar or trough to collect and discharge rain and
condensed vapour.
I also pivot the sides of the ventilator at the bottom when desirable, and fix
the front to the sides, so that when closed the ventilator does not project into the
rooin.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR RECEIVING TRADERS' ORDERS AT RAILWAY STATIONS AND OTHER SIMILAR I'LACES, AND ALSO FOR USE IN RAILWAY CARRIAGES, TRAMCARS, AND OTHER SUCH VEHICLES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Miles Lindsay at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th November 1881.
WILLIAM MILES LINDSAY, of 75, South Great George's Street, Dublin, in the
County of Dublin, Ireland. "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR RECEIVING TRADERS'
ORDERS AT RAILWAY STATIONS AND OTHER SIMILAR I'LACES, AND ALSO FOR USE IN
RAILWAY CARRIAGES, TRAMCARS, AND OTHER SUCH VEHICLES."
My said Invention has reference to the construction of suitable apparatus, and
the placing of same in convenient positions at railway stations and such like places,
and also in railway carriages, tramcars, and other similar vehicles, for the purpose
of receiving traders' orders.
To this end I form one or more boxes or compartments of suitable size, shape,
and material, in the front part of each of which is provided a horizontal slot for
the purpose presently described. From the top of each box or compartiment
rises a vertical plate or shield, upon which is inscribed the name and designation
of the person or firm for whom each box or compartment is designed. A suitable
lid with lock and key is also provided.
Boxes or compartments thus constructed are placed at convenient positions at
railway stations and similar places as above mentioned, so that travellers may
at their convenience drop orders or messages through the slots herein before referred
to intended for the respective persons or firms whose name or names may be
inscribed on such box or compartment, which box or compartiment it is proposed to
clear at intervals according to arrangement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FUEL
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Baggeley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th May 1881.
HENRY BAGGELEY, of Waterloo Road, in the County of Surrey, Chemist.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FUEL."
This Invention consists of a new combination or of new combinations of
ingredients for the manufacture of compound fuel.
For fuel intended for ordinary purposes I combine the following ingredients in
or about the proportions stipulated :—
To one ton of coke breeze or gas coke, broken in small pieces, I add 21, cwt. of
chalk, dry, in powder, 80 lbs. of lime in powder, and 2 gallons of oil of resin, or
any other inflammable oil.
These ingredients when mixed together and made into brick or other suitable
form make a very serviceable fuel for ordinary purposes.
To form a compound fuel for lighting fires, especially for domestic fires, I
combine 1 ton of coke breeze or gas coke, broken in small pieces,
ton of peat, tan, or saw dust,
18 lbs. of resin,
18 lbs. of saltpetre,
3 gallons of oil of resin, or any other inflammable oil or substance, and
cwt. of lime in powder.
The whole is well mixed together by hand or machinery, and afterwards made
into small bricks or other forms for fire lighting.
I wish it to be distinctly understood that I do not limit myself to the proportions
stated, as these are only approximate.
MENTS IN CARRIAGES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Kerridge at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st June 1881.
DANIEL KERRIDGE, of Needham Market, in the County of Suffolk.
MENTS IN CARRIAGES."
"IMPROVE-
According to this Invention I construct a carriage in such a manner that it may
either serve as a two wheel or four wheel vehicle.
For this purpose I provide on each side of the fore part of the body of the
carriage, sockets, clips, or otherwise, to receive shafts, so that the body which is
then supported on one pair of wheels may be used as an open or closed two
wheeled vehicle. Or if the vehicle is to be used as an open or closed four wheeled
vehicle the shafts may be taken out from the sockets and two bars projecting
backwards from the upper plate of a swivelling or locking motion, the lower plato
of which is connected by interposed springs with the axle of another pair of
wheels, may be introduced into and held in the sockets, and the vehicle will then
be converted into a four wheeled vehicle.
The bars attached to the upper plate of the locking motion I also make to carry
a seat which shall serve as the front seat for the four wheeled vehicle.
The dash board which carries the lamps is secured to the fore part of the body
of the vehicle when the vehicle is used as a two wheeled vehiclo, but is removeable
and is attached to the back of the front seat when the vehicle is converted into a
four wheeled vehicle, and then serves as a back to this seat.
The bars attached to the upper plate of the locking motion of the front pair of
wheels also carry splash boards to come behind those wheels.