Improvements in Pens for Producing Stencils, and in Printing Apparatus for such Stencils, Employed in the Reproduction of Writings, Drawings, and other Delineations.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Apr., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 16th Jan., 1894-Accepted, 17th Feb., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pens for Producing Stencils, and in Printing
Apparatus for such Stencils, Employed in the Reproduction of
Writings, Drawings, and other Delineations.
.
JOSEPH SLADEN, Lt.-Colonel, late Royal Artillery and FREDERICK WILLIAM
LAMBART SLADEN, Minor, both of Ripple Court Ring would, near Dover do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The said invention consists in improvements in pens or styles for producing
stencils, and in printing apparatus for such stencils, employed in the reproduction
of writings, drawings, & other delineations.
The pen or stylus has a smooth writing point which is heated by electricity.
When this point, raised to a temperature of somewhat above the fusing point of
wax, is brought into contact with a thin porous sheet coated or filled with a
material impervious to ink, the sheet being thin and porous the filling or coating is
removed, and the sheet becomes a stencil open to the transmission of ink.
Our improved printing apparatus consists of a hollow roller or rollers carrying
ink in its central cavity and the stencil sheet on its circumference. It is composed
essentially of a thin finely perforated shell, coated externally with a thick layer of
elastic composition which is perforated by minute holes.
A layer of flannel or other suitable porous material may be placed between the
composition and the stencil sheet, and between the composition and the perforated
shell.
The ink reaches the stencil sheet by oozing through the perforations of the shell
and composition.
The stencil sheet may be stretched on the roller by any simple mechanical
means.
JOSEPH SLADEN, Lt.-Colonel.
FREDERICK WILLIAM LAMBART SLADEN.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pens for Producing Stencils, and in Printing
Apparatus for such Stencils, Employed in the Reproduction of
Writings, Drawings, and other Delineations.
:
We, JOSEPH SLADEN and FREDERICK WILLIAM LAMBART SLADEN, both
of Ripple Court, Ringwould, near Dover, in the County of Kent, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner. the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
Our invention relates to pens or styles for producing stencils, and to printing
apparatus whereby those stencils are applied for the reproduction of writings
drawings or other delineations.
We produce a stencil in the following manner.
We coat or impregnate a thin porous sheet, preferably what is known as
Japanese dental paper, with readily fusible material which is impervious to ink or
fluid pigment. We find ordinary white wax or paraffin wax suitable for this
purpose.

page_text: We place this prepared sheet on an absorbent surface, such as blotting paper or
copying paper, and we write or draw upon it with a style or pen heated by
electricity to such temperature that the wax or other coating is fused and passes
into the absorbent material below leaving the paper porous where it has been
passed over by the style.
The sheet intended for stencil may be placed below the absorbent sheet which
can be written or drawn upon, the wax in that case passing up into the absorbent
sheet. Also the writing or drawing may be on a thin sheet laid upon the stencil
sheet, or on the absorbent sheet when it is above the stencil sheet. When coloured
blotting paper is employed the wax impregnating it deepens the colour thus
producing a copy of the design or writing.
The pen or style for producing the stencil consists of a loop of steel wire through
which an electric current is passed sufficient to heat it, so that it will fuse the wax.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings is a section to an enlarged scale shewing
the stem C of the pen with insulated conducting wires A passing along holes, or it
might be grooves of the stem, and having fixed to them by fine binding wire d the
loop B of steel wire which is to be heated by the passage of an electric current.
As shewn in Fig. 2 the insulated conductors A fare in contact with metal
pieces g which are kept apart by insulating material e and have the inner loop B
soldered to their ends.
The pieces 9 and the loop B may be detached together from the holder like the
nib of a pen.
As shewn in Fig. 3 the loop B is held in split holders k, in which they may be
clamped by setting screws i as shewn.
Fig. 4 shews how a style for ruling music may be made by soldering five of the
loops B to conductors, so that the electric current passes through all the loops in
series. In cases where bulk and weight of pen or style are not objectionable, a
battery cell may be accommodated in the handle or its head.
The stencil prepared as above described may be used for producing copies in the
usual way by laying it on a sheet of paper or other receptive surface and then
painting over it with ink or pigment applied by a brush, roller or otherwise, or;
squeezing ink or pigment from a porous or perforated pad laid on the stencil; the
ink or pigment passing through the porous parts of the sheet to the receptive.
surface below. The stencil may however be applied by means, of a roller
constructed as shewn in section by Fig. 5.
It consists of a cylinder m of perforated metal having within it a cavity / which
can be charged with suitable ink or pigment through an opening at the end. On
the cylinder m is a layer of porous fabric such as felt or cloth.
In an annular space beyond n a heavy roller o which may be of lead, rolls on a
cylinder p of perforated metal which is covered with wire gauze q. On this wire
gauze there is a thick layer of composition such as that used for ordinary
printers' inking rollers, this being perforated with numerous holes which may be
done by casting the composition on a number of pins in a flat mould and then
bending the slab of composition thus produced around the gauze 9.
Over the composition there is an outer layers of porous fabric such as felt,
flannel, cloth or the like, and on this is fixed the stencil sheet t.
By rolling a roller thus constructed over the paper or receptive surface it is
printed in accordance with the stencil. When it is desired to print paper on both
sides we mount in a suitable framing a pair of parallel rollers such as that above
described, each with a stencil sheet on it, and while the rollers are pressed towards
each other by weights or springs we pass a sheet between them as they revolve,
the sheet thus becoming printed on both sides.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. For producing a stencil for the reproduction of writings, drawings and the like,

page_text: a pen or style having for its tracing point a loop of wire connected to electrical
conductors so as to be heated by passage of an electrical current while it is applied
to a stencil sheet coated or impregnated with wax or like fusible material,
substantially as described.
2. A stencil sheet consisting of porous paper coated or impregnated with wax or
like fusible material, traced over by a pen or style heated by electricity so as to
melt the wax along the trace into porous material placed in contact with the
stencil sheet, substantially as described.
3. For printing with a stencil sheet a roller with internal cavity for ink
substantially as described with reference to Fig. 5 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 16th day of January 1894.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicants.