IMPROVE- MENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING SATIN, FANCY AND SIMILAR CLOTHS
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Lewis Daltry of the City of Manchester in the
County of Lancaster Mechanical Engineer for an Invention of IMPROVE-
MENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING SATIN, FANCY AND
SIMILAR CLOTHS
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Lewis Daltry at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th December 1883.
THOMAS LEWIS DALTRY of the City of Manchester in the County of Lancaster,
Mechanical Engineer "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO LOOMS FOR
WEAVING SATIN, FANCY AND SIMILAR CLOTHS
"
These Improvements relate to certain parts of those classes of looms that are
employed in the production of "satins," "fancies" and similar goods and have for
their object to make those parts or
"" motions as they are commonly called, more
simple and effective.
"
The first part of these Improvements relates particularly to the "dobby" or
shedding motion which is made to work on the open shed principle, positively, both
up and down, although weights or springs may be used if desired. The healds are
connected in a suitable manner to jack levers which are operated by a jack rod
connected to them and to specially constructed pinions hereinafter called "eccentric
pinions." These eccentric pinions have gearing teeth formed upon their peripheries
and are mounted upon or in carriers. Contiguous to the eccentric pinions are others
hereinafter called "driving pinions" all of which are mounted upon the same
spindle and are thereby driven continuously from the loom. The driving pinions
have teeth formed upon a portion only of their peripheries. Normally the eccentric
pinions and the driving pinions are out of gear with each other but by pressing or
lifting any of the carriers, the eccentric pinions in those carriers will gear with
their respective driving pinions and each will make half a revolution, the numbers
of teeth being proportioned to give this result. The pressing or lifting of the
carriers may be effected by pegs in a lattice, by perforated pattern cards, by a
pattern chain or by any usual or suitable method. The jack levers will thus be
operated and therefrom also the shafts or leaves of the warp It will frequently

page_text: happen that some of the latter will be up and some down when it is desirable that
they should all be brought together. This is effected in the following manner: The
carriers when not lifted by the pegs, card or chain herein before referred to rest upon
a cam spindle of such a section that when it is turned upon its axis all the carriers
are lifted and all the eccentric pinions come within range of gearing with the
driving pinions. At the same time the driving pinion spindle is disconnected from
the loom when the pinions may be turned by hand until the jack levers are all in
the same plane and the warp is level.
The Second part of these improvements relates the drop box motion. When
two or more shuttles are used with the "motion" about to be described the
movement up or down is positive and certain in action because it does not depend
upon the action of gravity when dropping and furthermore it is of a simpler and
more durable construction than such motions usually are. It is specially suitable
for four shuttles and is applicable to a less number In a four decker shuttle box
the box is supported by one end of what may be termed a "tumbling lever "
through connections which allow for the vibration of the lathe or sley. The other
end of the lever is connected at right angles to an eccentric pinion and the middle
part is similarly connected thus giving two fulcra which may be moved singly or
simultaneously. The driving pinions have such a number of teeth as may be
required to turn the eccentric pinions through half a revolution when they are in
gear. Normally they are out of gear but by sliding or pressing them into gear
according to the requirements of the pattern as herein before described for the First
Part of these Improvements, the tumbling lever may be made to lift or lower the
shuttle box into any required working position. In a modification of this method
the two eccentric pinions are placed side by side and convey the movement of
one of them to the centre of the tumbling lever by a link and another lever
approximately parallel to it.
The Third Part of these Improvements consists in a simple and novel method of
actuating a circular shuttlebox so that it may skip either way with equal falicity as
when merely changing to the next box. The circular box is securely mounted upon
an axial spindle on the outside of which is a wheel for receiving in gear an endless
pitch chain. This chain also passes round another similar wheel whose centre is or
is as near as may be the centre of motion of the lathe or sley. Upon the shaft of
the latter wheel is a series of toothed wheels of different diameters. Above and
below each of the toothed wheels is a rack actuated end wise by eccentrics. Normally
these racks are out of gear but by means of a pattern chain, directly or indirectly
one of them may be lifted or lowered into gear with its corresponding wheel, the
latter will be turned to a difinite extent determined by its diameter and the stroke
of the rack when by means of the pitched chain the motion will be communicated
to the circular box whatever may be the position of the sley.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Thomas Lewis Daltry in the Patent Office on the 9th June 1884.
THOMAS LEWIS DALTRY of the City of Manchester in the County of Lancaster
Mechanical Engineer. IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING
SATIN, FANCY AND SIMILAR CLOTHS.
These improvements relate to certain parts of those classes of Looms that are
employed in the production of "satins," "fancies" and similar goods and have for
their object to make those parts or "motions" as they are commonly called more
simple and effective
The first part of these improvements relates more particularly to the "dobby"
or shedding motion which is made to work on the open-shed principle positively,
both up and down although weights or springs may be used if desired
The second part of these improvements relates to the drop box motion When
two or more shuttles are used with the motion herein after to be described the
movement up or down is positive and certain in action because it does not depend
on the action of gravity when dropping, and furthermore it is of a simpler and
more desirable construction than such motions usually are. It is specially suitable
for four shuttles, and is applicable to three boxes with certain modifications
In order that this my said invention may be more readily understood and carried
into practical effect I have hereunto appended two sheets of Drawings, reference
being hereinafter had thereto and to the letters and figures marked thereon.
Figures 1. 2 and 3 on sheet I of the accompanying drawings represent apparatus
constructed according to my improvements for operating the "shafts" "leaves" or
sections (hereinafter called shafts) of warp. The figures represent the apparatus as
constructed to operate six shafts and as designed for being placed upon the floor
alongside the loom, but it may be arranged for a greater or less number of shafts,
or to be placed upon the loom top.
Figure 1. represents an elevation of the apparatus as seen from one side
Figures 2. represents a corresponding elevation as seen from the opposite side of
the apparatus
Figure 3 is an end view showing the card cylinder and
Figures 4 and 5 are diagrams intended to shew the action of the apparatus
The spindle a is driven by toothed wheels, by a pitched chain or by equivalent
means from a suitable source so that it shall make one complete revolution for
every pick of the loom. This spindle has secured upon it as their axis of revolution
a number of toothed sector wheels bb Below each sector wheel and in the same
plane are the levers c. c baving their fulcra at d. In each of the levers there is a
bored recess which contains a toothed wheel e which revolves in the recess with
the points of its teeth as a wearing surface. The wheels e e have holes made in
them excentrically which holes receive pins or studs carried by the links f. f. these
links being connected to the L levers g. g. The cords for operating the top and
bottom jack levers are attached in the usual manner to the levers g. g.
As shewn in figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 the wheels e e are out of gear with the sector
wheels bb. and the revolution of the latter is without effect on the levers g. g.
By lifting one of the levers c as shewn in the diagram Figure 5 the wheel e carried
by that lever is brought into gear with its sector wheel band is turned by it
through half a revolution, this result being secured by making the number of
teeth on the sectors equal to half the number of teeth on the wheels e e. The semi
revolution of the wheel e causes the lever with which it is connected to be moved
into the position shewn in the diagram fiġure 4.

page_text: In order to enable the wheels to withstand the shock resulting from their coming
suddenly into gear I modify the pitch or the formation or proportions of certain
of the teeth in the following manner. When put into position for gearing the
teeth that first come into contact are 1 or 2 on wheel b and 3 or 4 on wheel e
according to the direction of motion of b and the position of e.
These teeth I
make of a coarser pitch or larger dimensions than the others. This arrangement,
because of the larger spaces 5, 5 in wheel e furthermore reduces the probability of
the wheels catching in wrong gear. And further the cranked axle x by acting
upon the link fat 6 or 7 and pin 8 acting on part 9 maintain the right position
for gearing
The action of the apparatus is controlled in the usual manner by a pattern chain
or by perforated cards, the arrangement illustrated in the figures herein before
referred to being for perforated cards. The card cylinder h is carried on an
oscillating frame i and is lifted and lowered respectively by the cams jj and kk.
The blanks in the cards act upon the "needles" of the levers o. o opposite to the
blanks as is well understood and thus the levers may be lifted or operated as
herein before described in any desired order. The card cylinder is rotated by the
star and peg wheel m which is driven by the wheels n and o from the spindle a
In apparatus working upon this system that is to say upon the open-shed
principle it is frequently desirable to "level" the warp, that is to bring all the
shafts into the same plane. This I accomplish as follows: The levers cc when
not lifted by a card rest upon the pear shaped cams to one end of which is
attached the sector p the rim or periphery of which is partly plain and partly
provided with teeth. Upon the other end of the spindle a is fixed the cam s¹
having an inclined face bearing against the lever u the other end of which is in a
groove on the dog or clutch v. This cam is free to slide upon the spindle a which
it drives through a feather or key, it is provided also with a projection, which falls
into a hole in the chain wheel, the chain wheel being loose upon the spindle a.
Upon the end of the spindle a is mounted the locking plate and toothed wheel r
which permits the sector p to be moved only when the loom is in a certain desired
position.
In order to "level" it is necessary first to disconnect the apparatus from the
loom. This is accomplished by the movement of the handle q on the sector p
when the inclined cam t presses against the lever u thus disconnecting the dog from
the chain wheel. Simultaneously with this movement the pear shaped cam s lifts
all the levers c c until the wheels e e can gear with their respective sector wheels b. b.
The movement of the handle being continued, the teeth on the sector p come into
gear with the teeth on the locking plate wheel r and the spindle a being now free
the wheels bb are turned through part of a revolution and the wheels e e being all
now in gear with them are also actuated. When the wheels ee have made a
quarter revolution which is determined by the sector p coming against a stop all
the levers gg whether they were before up or down are brought into the central
position and the warp is then level. By moving the handle g back the levers take
the position they occupied before levelling and a suitable spring causes the clutchi
or dog v to engage the chain wheel or its equivalent and the apparatus will again
be driven from the loom
On sheet 2 of the accompanying drawings fig. 1 represents a side elevation
looking at side of loom. Fig. 3. a plan and Fig 2 a back elevation of my drop box
motion for four boxes, Fig. 4 is a diagram shewing the several positions of the drop
box lever when for four boxes and Fig. 5 a diagram shewing the position of the
same parts in the arrangement as adapted for three boxes. The wheel a may be
upon or driven by the crank shaft of the loom. According to the construction of
the loom this wheel is arranged to communicate a suitable speed to the wheel c which
is keyed upon and drives the shaft b. This shaft by a feather, key or equivalent
means drives the two sector toothed wheels g₁ and g, but so that these wheels
can slide endways upon shaft b. In respective connection with wheels g, and
are the wheels f₁ and f, which respectively operate the excentrics e̟ and e̟ upon
1
92

page_text: 2
which are the excentric rods n₁ and n. attached one to one end of the lever o and
the other to the middle. The end v of this lever is attached to the drop box rod
in the usual or any convenient way. This lever is guided by a pin u working in
a vertical slot of a fixing to the framing; Normally the wheels g, and g, are not in
gear with the wheels f, and f, but by sliding either (or both) on the shaft b'it is
(or they are) brought into gear with its (or their) respective wheel (or wheels) and
it (or they) are turned through half a revolution; this result being secured by making
the number of teeth on the sector wheels g₁ and g equal to half the number
of teeth on the wheels f, and f₂. Although brought into gear in a different
manner, the arrangement and formation of the teeth of these wheels are as I have
described for the wheels band e figs. 4 and 5 on sheet 1 on the accompanying
drawings. The half revolution of excentric, e, moves the end of the lever from 1
to 2 fig. 4 or vice versa.similarly the half revolution of excentric
middle of the lever from 3 to 4 or vice versa and lines drawn as shewn through
these points represent all possible positions of the lever it being thus possible by
operating the excentrics together or independently to make the end v of the lever
assume any position I, II, III or IV as required whatever its previous position
might have been.
I control the movement of the excentrics as follows:—
moves the
The sector wheels g₁ and g. have upon their outer faces inclines suitably disposed.
Where one of the needles 8₁ or s, is pressed in the revolution of the wheel causes
the incline to come in contact with it and the wheel to be slided sideways into the
same plane or into gear with its respective excentric wheel f₁ or f, and the latter
make a half revolution as herein before described. The movement of the needles 8
and s, may be controlled by a pattern chain, lattice bars and pegs or by a chain of
perforated cards, the arrangements shewn in figures 1, 2 and 3 sheet II being adapted
for the latter. In this part of the apparatus the revolution of the card cylinder p
for every stroke to present a new card is accomplished by the star wheel q operated
by the peg wheel r which is actuated in its turn by the wheel d from the wheel c
and at the same rate. The "pegging" or rocking motion of the card cylinder is
obtained from the grooved cam i on shaft b in which is a pin and bowl on the rod j
which is connected to the spindle of the card cylinder.
In order to adapt the arrangement just described for working three boxes
instead of four the excentric operating the rod n, is made half the "throw" of the
other excentric operating rod n₁
And in this case figure 5 is a diagram representing all possible positions of the
lever, viz. three positions for the end v
For the purpose of keeping the excentrics e, and e̟, and therefore the shuttle
boxes securely in position when they are not in the intervals between their
movements I employ the locking plates and l, which are respectively secured to
the excentrics e, and e, and the wheels f, and f₂ and which respectively work in
connection with the locking rims m₁ and m, the latter being secured respectively
to the sector wheels 91 and 99
2
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of this my said
Invention and the manner in which the same is to be performed I desire it to be
understood that I do not limit myself to the precise details as these may be varied
without departing from my invention but that what I claim is :-
First The combination for operating a shaft or section of warp in weaving
shewn in figures 4 and 5 sheet I consisting essentially of link f, lever c, the partially
enclosed wheels e, the sector wheel b, both having their teeth formed and arranged
as described so that when in gear every revolution made by wheel b revolves
wheel e half a revolution, the half revolutions of wheel e when they occur being
always in the same direction substantially as herein set forth and described.
Second-The adaptation, arrangement or combination of the various parts of the
apparatus for operating shafts or sections of warp in weaving substantially as and
for the purposes herein before setforth and described and as illustrated in Figs. 1, 2
and 3 on sheet I of the accompanying drawings.

page_text: Third-For operating the drop boxes of a loom the combination of the sector
wheels g₁ and g₁ the wheels f, and f, the eccentrics e₁ and e, the lever o and the
pinu substantially as herein before setforth and described and as illustrated in
Figs, 1, 2, and 3 sheet II of the accompanying drawings
Fourth-The adaptation arrangement or combination of the various parts of the
apparatus for operating the drop box of a loon substantially as and for the
purposes herein before set forth and described and as illustrated in Figs. 1, 2 and 3
sheet II of the accompanying drawings
In witness whereof I the said Thomas Lewis Daltry have hereunto set my
hand and seal this 7th day of June in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and eighty four.
THOS. L. DALTRY. (L.S.)