Improvements in the Manufacture of Moquette or Royal Axminster Carpets and similar Tufted Fabrics.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Aug., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 29th Apr., 1891-Accepted, 130th May, 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Moquette or Royal Axminster
Carpets and similar Tufted Fabrics.
We, THOMAS MARTIN SOUTHWELL of Bridgnorth in the County of Salop
Manufacturer and THOMAS WILLIAM HEAD of Bridgnorth aforesaid Loom
Tuner do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :—
This invention has reference more particularly to the subject matter of Letters
Patent No. 11981 granted to us and dated August 18th 1888.
The fabric produced as described in the Specification of the said l'atent is
illustrated by Figures 6 and 7 of the drawings attached thereto, Figure 6
illustrating a 4 shot fabric and Figure 7 illustrating a 3 shot fabric.
To weave a 3 shot fabric in the manner shewn in the said Figure 7 great difficulty
is experienced when weaving fine pitch quality goods in turning up the tufting
threads without the use of an extra comb apparatus from the fact that there is no
back shot under the tufting threads.
The object of this invention is to provide a back shot which shall turn up the
tufting threads without the aid of an extra comb apparatus, and still only use
3 shots of filling and obtain a firm bind and throw the pattern to the back of the
fabric after the manner illustrated in Figure 6 of the drawings of the above named
Specification.
We may use a treadle box driven in the same manner as that described and
claimed in the said Specification and it is not therefore necessary to describe
it here.
The two halves of the binding chain are operated by separate heddles and the
straight warp or dead chain is operated by a single heddle.
In commencing to weave one series of shots one half the binding chain with the
dead or straight warp chain is raised when No. 1 shot is put in, the half binding
chain which is raised for the first shot is then lowered to the level of the other
half and the tufting threads are then inserted and shot No. 2 is put in.
The same heddle that governs the half binding chain that was before raised for
the first shot again rises, and the dead chain is lowered and then shot
is put in.
The heddles governing the binding chain are then reversed and the tufting threads
are severed and the dead chain heddle is raised and then the shots of the next
series are made in the manner in which the first series were made excepting that
It will
the opposite half of the binding chain is raised for the insertion of shot 1.
be seen that No. 1 being the first shot put in after the reversing of the heddles
governing the binding chain and the upper half of the binding chain again falling
for the insertion of the tufting threads and the putting in of shot 2 under the dead
or straight warp chain has a natural tendency to press backward towards the reed
the shot 1 first woven the dead chain heddle then falling, presses shot 2 downwards
between shot 1 and the last series of shots woven and completes the turning up of
the tufting threads with the aid of the ordinary comb used in these looms.
The heddles governing the binding chain are then reversed and the shots are
pushed home by the action of the lay No. 1 shot coming almost in a straight line
under No. 2. By this time the heddle governing the dead or straight warp chain
has been raised for the insertion of the next series of shots.
When the chains are drawn tight and the shots forced into their
proper positions
the dead chain will be almost in a straight line and the binding chain will form the
lacing so that shot 2 round which the tufting threads are passed becomes the middle
shot or is intermediate between back and face shots of fabric and binds the tufting

page_text: thrends well into the body of the fabric instead of Hoating on the surface as in the
usual weave of this class of fabric.
It is evident that the weave may be varied for in-tane it may be varied by
allowing the dead chain and half the binding chain to be raised when the tufting
threads are inserted and No. 2 shot put in, or the No. 2 shot may be put in first
and No. 1 shot he put in second and the tufting threads be passed round No. 3 shot
instead of round No. 2 shot. This will not necessitate the lowering of the binding
chains for the second shot.
The tappets used for manipulating the binding chain heddles and the dead chain
heddle respectively are shaped to give the movement- hereinbefore described and
we may here remark that the dead chain may be worked by two heddles, each half
of dead chain to be raised for each alternate set of tufting threads inserted.
Dated this 30th day of August 1890.
J. II. JOHNSON & Co.,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Moquette or Royal Axminster
Carpets and similar Tufted Fabrics.
We THOMAS MARTIN SOUTHWELL of Bridgenorth in the County of Salop
Manufacturer and THOMAS WILLIAM HEAD of Bridgenorth aforesaid Loom
Tuner do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :—
This invention has reference more particularly to the subject matter of Letters
Patent No. 11981 granted to us and dated August 18th 1888 that is to say to
tufted fabrics of the class to which Moquette or Royal Axminster carpets
belong.
The fabric produced as described in the Specification of the said Patent is
illustrated by Figures 6 and 7 of the drawings attached thereto Figure 6
illustrating a four shot fabric and Figure 7 illustrating a three shot fabric.
To weave a 3 shot fabric in the manner shewn in the said Figure 7 great
difficulty is experienced when weaving fine pitch quality goods in turning up the
tufting threads without the use of an extra comb apparatus from the fact that there
is no back shot under the tufting threads.
The object of this invention is to provide a back shot which shall turn up the
tufting threads without the aid of an extra comb apparatus and still only use three
shots of filling and obtain a firm bind and throw the pattern to the back of the
fabric after the manner illustrated in Figure 6 of the drawings of the above named
Specification.
We may use a treadle box driven in the same manner as that described and
claimed in the said Specification and it is not therefore necessary to describe
it here.
And in order that the invention may be well understood we will describe the
weave with reference to the accompanying drawings. In Figures 1 and 2 the two
halves A and B of the binding chain are operated by separate heddles and the
straight warp or dead chain C is operated by a single lieddle.
In commencing to weave one series of shots commencing with Number 1 Figure 1
one half (13) of the binding chain with the dead or straight warp chain C is raised
when Number 1 shot is put in, the said half binding chain (B) is then lowered to
the level of the other half (A) and the tufting threads are then inserted and shot
Number 2 is put in. The same heddle that governs the half binding chain (B)
that was before raised for the first shot again rises, and the dead chain is lowered
and then shot 3 is put in. The heddles governing the two halves of the binding
chain are then reversed and the tufting threads are severed and the dead chain

page_text: heddle is raised and then the shots of the next series are made in the manner in
which the first series were made excepting that the opposite half of the binding
chain is raised for the insertion of shot 1. It will be seen from the action of the
weave as illustrated in Figure 1. that No. being the first shot put in after the
reversing of the heddles governing the binding chain and the upper half of
the binding chain again falling for the insertion of the tufting threads and the
putting in of shot 2 under the dead or straight warp chain has a natural tendency
to press backward towards the reed the shot 1 first woven the dead chain heddle
then falling presses shot 2. downwards between shot 1. and the last series of shots
woven and completes the turning up of the tufting threads with the aid of the
ordinary comb used in these looms.
The heddles governing the binding chain are then reversed and the shots are
pushed home by the action of the lay No. 1. shot coming almost in a straight line
under No. 2 shot. By this time the heddle governing the dead or straight warp
chain has been raised for the insertion of the next series of shots. Figures 1. and 2
show the weave drawn to an exaggerated scale to better illustrate the action of the
bind. When the chains are drawn tight and the shots are forced into their proper
positions, the dead chain will be almost in a straight line and the binding chain will
form the lacing as illustrated in Figure 2, so that shot 2. round which the tufting
threads are passed, becomes the middle shot or is intermediate between the back
and face shots of the fabric and binds the tufting threads well into the body of the
fabric instead of floating on the surface as in the usual weave of this class of
fabric.
It is evident that the weave may be varied. For instance the dead chain and
half the binding chain can be raised when the tufting threads are inserted and No. 2
shot put in or the No. 2 shot (Figure 1) may be put in first and No. 1. shot be put
in second and the tufting threads be passed round No. 3 shot instead of round
No. 2 shot.
This will not necessitate the lowering of the binding chains for the second shot
but the method described and illustrated is found best in practice.
Figures 3 and 4 shew respectively the tappets used for manipulating the binding
chain heddles and the dead chain heddle, shaped to give the movements herein before
described; and we may here remark that the dead chain may be worked by two
heddles, each half of dead chain to be raised for each alternate set of tufting threads
inserted as illustrated in our aforesaid prior Specification.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim, is,
1st. In weaving tufted fabrics such as Moquette or Royal Axminster carpets and
the like having not more than three shots of filling for each row of tufting threads
used, binding the tufting threads by the dead chain in conjunction with the binding
chain so that each shot round which the tufting threads pass is gripped on the face
by the dead chain and the said tufting threads are brought down between the face
and back shots (which are above and below the dead chain) by each alternate
change of binding chain substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by
Figures 1. and 2 of the accompanying drawings.
2nd. In the manufacture of tufted fabrics, such as Moquette or Royal Axminster
carpets and the like having not more than three shots of filling for each row of
tuffing threads used, the falling of the heddle that governs half the binding chain
after the insertion of the first or back shot is put in inserting the tufting threads
with the second shot of filling under the dead chain and again raising the heddle
that operates the half binding chain that was raised for the first or back shot at
the same time lowering the dead chain by this means forcing the tufting threads
down between No. 1 or back shot and the last series of shots woven and so turning
up the ends of the tufting threads before putting in the third shot of filling thread
marked 3 substantially as herein before described.

page_text: 3rd. In the manufacture of tufted fabrics such as Moquette or Royal Axminster
carpets and the like where not more than 3 shots of filling are used the arrange-
ment of the tappets for manipulating the heddles operating the binding and dead
or straight warp chains in such manner that the back shot is used in conjunction
with shot 2 round which the tufting threads pass to turn up the ends of the tufting
threads without the use of an additional comb motion all for the purpose hereinbefore
described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 29th day of April 1891.
THOMAS MARTIN SOUTHWELL.
THOMAS WILLIAM HEAD.