IMPROVEMENTS IN JOINTS OR CONNECTIONS FOR PIPES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th April
1866. A communication from abroad by Anton Richter, of Königsaal,
and Romuald Bozek, of Prague, both in the Empire of Austria.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN JOINTS OR CONNECTIONS
FOR PIPES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in joining together the ends of pipes by means of
rings or short tubes of india-rubber or other similar suitable elastic material, so
formed and arranged in combination with a peculiar formation of the ends of
the pipes that a water, steam, or gas tight joint is thereby produced which
while it allows of any lateral or longitudinal motion of the pipes at such
joints will become all the more water, steam, or gas tight, the greater the
internal or external pressure exerted thereon may be. For this purpose, in
one arrangement of this Invention for forming a butt joint between two pipes
having to withstand internal pressure, the ends of the pipes are recessed on
their internal surfaces for a short distance, and into such two contiguous
recessed ends is placed a correspondingly formed short tube of india-rubber
which when the pressure is exerted inside the pipes, is forced against
the surfaces of the recesses and thus closes the joint the more effectually the

page_text: greater the pressure is. In order to make a still more perfect joint the
inner meeting edges of the pipes may be chamfered off so as when placed
together to form a circular V groove, and a correspondingly formed V pro-
jection on the outer surface of the india-rubber tube is then made to fit into
such groove. For suction pipes where the pressure is external a similar joint
may be employed, the V groove being formed by the outer chamfered edges
of the pipe, while the V projection is formed on the inner surface of the
india-rubber tube which in this case is placed over the exterior of the joint.
In another arrangement where it is required to form the joints of socket and
spigot pipes under internal pressure, the spigot end is formed with an external
rim a little way down, which fits into the socket, and a cupped india-rubber
ring is placed over the spigot end so as to rest with its closed end against
the said rim. When the spigot with such ring is put into the socket the
fluid or gas under pressure is forced into the open end of the cupped ring and
presses the sides thereof firmly against the surfaces of the socket and spigot.
In applying this arrangement to pipes under external pressure the position
of the cupped ring is simply reversed so that the external fluid, air, or gas
enters the open end of the same, the closed end being in this case made to rest
against a shoulder in the socket.
In another mode of applying the cupped ring to a socket and spigot joint
under internal pressure the ring is placed between the butt end of the spigot
and a shoulder in the socket, in such a position that the cup opens into the
interior of the pipe, so that the sides thereof form the requisite fluid or gas
tight joint with the end surface of the spigot and shoulder of the socket.
For pipes under external pressure the spigot is formed with a flange or
shoulder outside of and equal in dimensions to the end surface of the socket,
and the cupped ring is placed between such flange and the end of the socket
in such a position that the cup opens outwards.
In another arrangement for internal pressure, the spigot end is made less
in external diameter than the other part of the pipe, so as to form a shoulder,
and the external surface of such reduced end is made either entirely or
partially tapering. A plain india-rubber ring is then placed upon the spigot
end, and the latter is pusled into the socket which is somewhat widened out,
whereby the india-rubber ring is compressed between the socket and spigot
and is forced against the shoulder of the latter. In applying this arrangement
for external pressure, the shoulder on the spigot is dispensed with, and a
shoulder is formed in the socket, against which the india-rubber ring is pressed.
In another arrangement the socket is formed with a broad internal shoulder
and-the outer edge of the spigot, end is chamfered off to a considerable extent.

page_text: A ring of india-rubber, the section of which has the form of a quadrant of a
circle, is placed in the angle of the shoulder of the socket, and the chamfered
edge of the spigot is made to press against the surface of the ring; or in
place of the form of india-rubber ring just described an annular disc may be
used the inner edge of which projects somewhat into the pipe, so that when
the spigot (the edge of which in this case is not chamfered off) is forced in
so as to compress the part of the disc between it and the shoulder of the
spigot the projecting part of india-rubber disc forms a circular rim or flange,
which is made by the internal pressure to overlap and press against the
edges of the joints, so as to make it perfectly fluid or gas tight.