A METHOD OF PRODUCING ORNAMENTAL OR OTHER EFFECTS IN RELIEF ON METAL AND OTHER SURFACES, WHICH METHOD IS PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE FOR PRODUCING EFFECTS COMMONLY KNOWN AS WATER-MARKS IN THE MANUFACTURE of Paper.
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Pick, of No. 28, Queen's Road, St. John's Wood,
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of "A METHOD OF
PRODUCING ORNAMENTAL OR OTHER EFFECTS IN RELIEF ON METAL AND OTHER
SURFACES, WHICH METHOD IS PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE FOR PRODUCING
EFFECTS COMMONLY KNOWN AS WATER-MARKS IN THE MANUFACTURE of Paper.".
A communication from abroad by Albert Friedrich Eckhardt, of Nurnberg, in
the Empire of Germany.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Pick at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th August 1878.
EDWARD PICK, of No. 28, Queen's Road, St. John's Wood, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman. "A METHOD OF PRODUCING ORNAMENTAL OR OTHER
EFFECTS IN RELIEF ON METAL AND OTHER SURFACES, WHICH METHOD IS PAR-
TICULARLY APPLICABLE FOR PRODUCING EFFECTS COMMONLY KNOWN AS 'WATER-
MARKS' IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER." (A communication from abroad by Albert
Friedrich Eckhardt, of Nurnberg, in the Empire of Germany.)
Lines and other marks of a light semi-translucent character are now commonly
produced in paper during its manufacture and called water-marks. Such marks
or characters are generally obtained by the application to the surface of the wire
gauze forming the surface of the mould for the paper pulp, or of the dandy roller
acting on such pulp, of pieces of wire or other metal forms, which, by projecting
somewhat from the surface of the wire gauze and impressing the pulp at the parts
where this wire or other metal form is applied, reduces the thickness of the pulp.
and of the paper at those parts, thereby producing the desired effect. This process
is in practice somewhat tedious, and in consequence expensive, and the object of this
Invention in part is to simplify this operation and greatly reduce expense.

page_text: According to the Invention the increase of surface on such wire gauze to the
extent desired is obtained by a simple application at the parts required of a com-
position in a fluid or semi-liquid state, and which composition is afterwards
hardened, so that the tedious and slow process of producing the pattern by wires
is replaced by a process which enables the operator to produce his design or pattern
nearly as quickly as he would draw the desired design on paper.
The Invention also affords facility for the employment of water-marks, the
fraudulent imitation of which will be attended with increased difficulty.
The composition employed is obtained in the following manner :-
1. Take one part of powdered copper and grind it with one part of manganese,
four parts of finely powdered ochre, eight parts of finely powdered talc, six parts of
finely powdered plumbago (black lead).
2. Dissolve one part of Sandarach resin, one part of amber, one part of Dam-
marine resin, one quarter part of Venice turpentine, in sixteen parts of spirits of
turpentine in a glass vessel, which then place in a bath heated by a slow fire,
keeping the mixture stirred until the resins are dissolved.
Pour of the composition No. 2 upon the composition No. 1 as much thereof as
is sufficient to form a paste thereby of about the density or consistency of butter or
pomatum. Take of this paste a portion of about the size of an egg (for a mould
of one square yard), and add thereto about a thimbleful of the following
solution :-
3. Two parts of gutta percha dissolved in sixteen parts of sulphuret of carbon
previously strained through a linen rag or other suitable media, and kept in a close
vessel.
The paste thus obtained is for use filled into soft metal tubes similar to those
used to contain oil colors for artists, provided with a perforated point shaped some-
what as the point of a pencil; or other tubes of suitable compressible material
similarly pointed.
The operator in use presses the paste out, and in following the pattern he has pre-
viously laid under or traced upon the mould or wire gauze, he lays thereupon a fine
liquid wire-like line, which is then covered by sprinkling or dusting with powdered
copper. The paste may however be otherwise applied.
When sufficiently but not entirely dried, a roller is passed over the lines forming
the design to press the paste into the mould. The upper part covered with copper
is then dry, whereas the lower part not being covered with copper will adhere to
the mould. The mould is then for, say, about twelve hours dried in a hot room,
and is then ready for use.
Should it however be desired to give to the parts forming the design greater
durability, so as to withstand use for a long time, the mould is placed in a galvanic
bath, when an almost indestructible mould for use in water-marking paper will be
obtained.
To produce dandy rollers for water-marking, the pattern is pricked with a needle
or other suitable instrument on paper or other suitable material, and this material,
with the pattern so pricked with a needle on it, is then laid on the roller and
powdered with white lead or other suitable matter, by which the desired pattern
will be rendered visible on the roller to enable the operator readily to follow it
with the paste; but instead of covering the wire with copper, as above described,
it is covered with a solution of copal in ether by means of a camel hair brush or
other suitable instrument.
When desired the dandy roller, with the design applied thereto, may be in like
manner submitted to the galvanic bath, as in the case of the wire gauze.
Should the pattern not be further required to be retained it may be removed
from the mould or wire gauze for the application of other patterns by the use of
a solution of a caustic alkali, except in the case of those patterns which have been
submitted to the action of the galvanic bath.
The composition may in a similar manner be applied to other surfaces to produce

page_text: thereon ornamental or other effects by the deposit thereof in spots, lines, or other
forms or designs more or less in relief.
When employing the composition for the production of such ornamental or other
effects on other surfaces the composition is applied as has already been described in
respect of the wire gauze, except that in many cases the galvanic bath will not be
employed necessarily.
In cases where it is desired to impart a colored appearance to the composition
when deposited, the coloring matter suitable for producing the desired tints or
shades is added to the composition before applying it to the surfaces to receive it.
The proportions and times of action referred to may be varied.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Edward Pick in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 15th February
1879.
EDWARD PICK, of No. 28, Queen's Road, St. John's Wood, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman. "A METHOD OF PRODUCING ORNAMENTAL OR OTHER
EFFECTS IN RELIEF ON METAL AND OTHER SURFACES, WHICH METHOD IS PAR-
TICULARLY APPLICABLE FOR PRODUCING EFFECTS COMMONLY KNOWN AS WATER-
MARKS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER." A communication from abroad by
Albert Friedrich Eckhardt, of Nurnburg, in the Empire of Germany.
Lines and other marks of a semi-translucent character are now commonly
produced in paper during its manufacture and called "water-marks." Such marks
or characters are generally obtained by the application to the surface of the wire
gauze forming the surface of the mould for the paper pulp, or of the dandy roller
acting on such pulp, of pieces of wire or other metal forms, which, projecting some-
what from the surface of the wire gauze and impressing the pulp at the parts
where this wire or other metal form is applied, reduces the thickness of the pulp
and of the paper at those parts, thereby producing the desired effect. This process
is in practice somewhat tedious, and in consequence expensive, and the object of this
Invention in part is to simplify this operation and greatly reduce expense.
According to the Invention the increase of surface on such wire gauze to the
extent desired is obtained by a simple application at the parts required of a com-
position in a fluid or semi-liquid state, and which composition is afterwards
hardened, so that the tedious and slow process of producing the pattern by wires is
replaced by a process which enables the operator to produce his design or pattern
nearly as quickly as he would draw the desired design upon paper.
The Invention also affords facility for the employment of water-marks, the
fraudulent imitation of which will be attended with increased difficulty.
The composition employed is obtained in the following manner :-
1. Take one part of powdered copper and grind it with one part of manganese,
four parts of finely powdered ochre, eight parts of finely powdered talc, six parts of
finely powdered plumbago (black lead).
2. Dissolve one part of Sandarach resin, one part of amber, one part of Dam-
marine resin, one quarter part of Venice turpentine in sixteen parts of spirits of
turpentine, in a glass vessel, which then place in a bath heated by a slow fire,
keeping the mixture stirred until the resins are dissolved.
Pour of the composition No. 2 upon the composition No. 1 as much thereon as is
sufficient to form a paste thereby of about the density or consistency of butter or
pomatum. Take of this paste a portion of about the size of an egg (for a mould of
one square yard) and add thereto about a thimbleful of the following solution.
3. Two parts of gutta percha dissolved in sixteen parts of sulphuret of carbon
previously strained through linen or other suitable media, and kept in a close
vessel.
The paste thus obtained is for use filled into soft metal tubes similar to those
used to contain oil colors for artists, provided with a perforated point shaped some-
what as the point of a pencil, or other tubes, from which the material is expressible
at will.
The operator in use presses the paste out, and so doing follows the pattern he
has previously laid under or traced upon the mould or wire gauze; and he thus
lays thereupon a fine liquid wire-like line, which is then covered by sprinkling or
dusting over it with powdered copper. The paste may however be otherwise..
applied.
When sufficiently but not entirely dried a roller is passed over the lines forming
the design to press the paste into the mould. The upper part covered with the
copper then dry, whereas the lower part not being covered with copper will.

page_text: adhere to the mould. The mould is then for, say, about twelve hours dried in a .
hot room, and is then ready for use.
Should it however be desired to give to the parts forming the design greater
durability, to enable the mould to withstand use for a long time, the mould is
placed in a galvanic bath, by which a deposit will be obtained on the design more
or less as required.
To produce the design on dandy rollers for use in water-marking the pattern is
first pricked with a needle or other suitable instrument, on paper or other suitable
material, and this material, with the pattern so pricked with a needle, is then laid
on the roller and powdered with white lead or other suitable matter, by which the
desired pattern will be rendered visible on the roller to enable the operator readily
to follow it with the paste; but instead of covering the wire with copper, as above
described, it is covered with a solution of copal in ether by means of a camel hair
brush or other suitable instrument.
When desired the dandy roller, with the design applied thereto, may be in like
manner submitted to the galvanic bath, as in the case of the wire gauze.
Should the pattern not be further required to be retained it may be removed
from the mould or wire gauze for the application of other patterns by the use of a
solution of a caustic alkali, except in the case of those patterns which have been
submitted to the action of the galvanic bath.
The composition may in a similar manner be applied to other surfaces to produce
thereon ornamental or other effects by the deposit thereof in spots, lines, or other
forms or designs more or less in relief.
When employing the composition for the production of such ornamental or other
effects, on other surfaces, the composition is applied as has already been described
in respect of the wire gauze, except that in many cases the galvanic bath will not
be employed necessarily.
In cases where it is desired to impart a colored appearance to the composition
when deposited, the coloring matter suitable for producing the desired tints or
shades is added to the composition before applying it to the surfaces to receive it.
The proportions and times of action referred to may be varied.
Having thus described the Invention as communicated to me I would have it
understood that I do not confine myself to the precise proportions of the ingredients
or the particular ingredients and manner of operating stated, as the same may be
varied without departing from the peculiar character of the Invention; but what I
do claim is, the method of producing ornamental or other effects in relief on metal
and other surfaces, and the application thereof for producing effects commonly
known as water-marks in the manufacture of paper, substantially as deseribed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Pick, have hereunto set my hand and
seal; this Fifteenth day of February, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-nine
Witness,
ALFRED G. BROOKES,
37, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane,
London.
EDWARD PICK. (L.S.)