IMPROVEMENTS IN WORKING FURNACES AND STEAM BOILERS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to David Auld, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WORKING
FURNACES AND STEAM BOILERS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said David Auld at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th April
1858.
I, DAVID AULD, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WORKING FURNACES AND STEAM BOILERS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED
THEREWITH," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates under one head to the so arranging apparatus con-
nected with the fire doors of furnaces, that a due and proper proportion of air
shall be regularly supplied to the fuel and gases so as to secure economy, and
prevent the emission of smoke. An air thoroughfare chamber is fitted up
near the furnace, and the airway is put in communication with a double bridge
at the back of the furnace, or with any other part of the furnace where it may
be desired to supply the air. In this air case or thoroughfare chamber there
is fitted up a balanced sand box, having an internal inclined diaphragm for
directing the action of the falling sand as the box vibrates; this sand box
acts itself as the air valve, suitable valve face pieces being fitted up in the
thoroughfare chamber for the purpose. The sand-box also carries a balance

page_text: weight to insure its proper action. The box turns upon a horizontal central
stud or shaft, and this shaft carries a small crank, which is linked or connected
to a crank on a spindle attached to the furnace door. In this way when the
fireman opens the fire door to throw in fresh or green fuel, the movement
opens the sand box valve, admitting air to the furnace, bridge, or flues, to the
extent required; this valve now remains open until the gradual falling of
the sand from one end of the box to the other causes it to turn upon its centre
and shut the air passage.
Under the second head, this Invention relates to the efficient supplying of
steam boilers with water. Over or above the level of the boiler there is fitted
up a closed feed cistern, into which the feed water is primarily supplied. The
feed pipe leading from the source of supply is passed through the side of the
cistern, and made to discharge into the interior of a cock or cylindrical valve
chamber in the interior of the cistern; this valve acts by a partial revolution
on its horizontal axis, and it has opening out from each end of it a branch
pipe, the opposite end of such pipes terminating in a hollow ball or spherical
chamber. In this way the two pipes form combinedly a lever for the hollow
ball, which is both a float and a weight. This valvular arrangement is put
in communication with the boiler by means of two pipes, one passing down to
the bottom of the boiler, and the other only to the proper working water level.
Whenever the water level falls too low, the steam pipe which does not descend
to the boiler's bottom becomes uncovered by the water, and steam then rushes
up it, and enters the valve in the overhead cistern; at this time the hollow ball
is at the bottom of the cistern by reason of the weight of water in it and in the
pipes, all these parts being filled; but the entering steam as it passes along
one of the lever pipes dislodges all the water from the ball and pipes, and the
ball consequently at once rises to the top of its ascent in the cistern. This
movement then opens up the passage of the feed water into the boiler through
the low dipping pipe. When the proper working level of water has been
again attained, the steam admission to the cistern is again closed by the water
in the boiler, and no more water can then enter, as there is an unbalanced
pressure opposing its admission. The hollow ball and pipes now fill again
with water, and the ball descends in readiness for another action.
Under the third head of these improvements, the steam on its way from the
boiler to operate in the engine cylinders, is passed through a series of heating
pipes arranged in the discharge flue or chamber, which conducts the smoke
to the chimney. In this way the steam receives an accession of heat, and is
greatly improved for economical use.

page_text: SPECIFICATION filed in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
and of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, by the said David Auld in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 10th November 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DAVID
AULD, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said David Auld, Her special license that I, the said David Auld, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said David
Auld, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WORKING
FURNACES AND STEAM BOILERS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said David Auld, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said David Auld, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates under one head to the so arranging apparatus
connected with the fire doors of furnaces that a due and proper proportion of
air shall be regularly supplied to the fuel and gases, so as to secure economy
and prevent the emission of smoke. An air thoroughfare chamber is fitted
up near the furnace, and the air way is put in communication with a double
bridge at the back of the furnace, or with any other part of the furnace
where it may be desired to supply the air. In this air case or thoroughfare
chamber there is fitted up a balanced sand box, having an internal inclined
diaphragm for directing the action of the falling sand as the box vibrates;

page_text: this sand box acts itself as the air valve, suitable valve face pieces being
fitted up in the thoroughfare chamber for the purpose. The sand box also
carries a balance weight to insure its proper action. The box turns upon a
horizontral central stud or shaft, and this shaft carries a small crank which
is linked or connected to a crank on a spindle, attached to the furnace door.
In this way, when the fireman opens the fire door to throw in fresh or green
fuel, the movement opens the sand box valve, admitting air to the furnace
bridge or flues to the extent required; this valve now remains open until
the gradual falling of the sand from one end of the box to the other causes
it to turn upon its centre and shut the air passage.
Under the second head, this Invention relates to the efficient supplying of
steam boilers with water. Over or above the level of the boiler there is
fitted up a closed feed cistern, into which the feed water is primarily supplied.
The feed pipe leading from the source of supply is passed through the side
of the cistern and made to discharge into the interior of a cock or cylindrical
valve chamber in the interior of the cistern; this valve acts by a partial
revolution on its horizontal axis, and it has opening out from each end of it
a branch pipe, the opposite ends of such pipes terminating in a hollow ball
or spherical chamber. In this way the two pipes form combinedly a lever
for the hollow ball, which is both a float and a weight. This valvular
arrangement is put in communication with the boiler by means of two pipes,
one passing down to the bottom of the boiler, and the other only to the proper
working water level. Whenever the water level falls too low, the steam pipe
which does not descend to the boiler's bottom becomes uncovered by the
water, and steam then rushes up it, and enters the valve in the overhead
cistern; at this time the hollow ball is at the bottom of the cistern, by
reason of the weight of water in it and in the pipes, all those parts being
filled; but the entering steam as it passes along one of the lever pipes
dislodges all the water from the ball and pipes, and the ball consequently at
once rises to the top of its ascent in the cistern. This movement then opens
up the passage of the feed water into the boiler, through the low dipping
pipe. When the proper working level of water has been again attained, the
steam admission to the cistern is again closed by the water in the boiler, and
no more water can then enter, as there is an unbalanced pressure opposing
its admission; the hollow ball and pipes now fill again with water, and the
ball descends in readiness for another action.
Under the third head of these improvements, the steam on its way from
the boiler to operate in the engine cylinders is passed through a series of
heating pipes arranged in the discharge flue or chamber which conducts the

page_text: smoke to the chimney; in this way the steam receives an accession of heat
and is greatly improved for economical use.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood, I shall
now proceed to describe the several illustrative Figures upon the explanatory
Sheets of Drawings, which I have hereunto appended for the purpose of
showing certain modifications under which my improvements may be judi-
ciously carried out in practice.
The Figures on Sheet 1 of the Drawings accompanying this Specification
illustrate one modification of my improvements in apparatus connected with
furnaces for regulating the supply of air to the fuel. The Figures on Sheet 2
of the Drawings accompanying this Specification illustrate one modification
of my improvements in self-acting apparatus for supplying boilers with water.
Figure 1 on Sheet 1 of my Drawings is a longitudinal vertical section of a
boiler heated by means. of duplex furnaces, and having my improvements
applied thereto; Figure 2 is an end elevation of the furnace, one half of the
said Figure being in transverse vertical section, to show the internal arrange-
ment; Figure 3 is an elevation or side view of the apparatus for controlling
the admission of air to the burning fuel; Figure 4 is a vertical section
corresponding to Figure 3, and Figure 5 is a front view of the arrangement.
Figure 6 is a front view or elevation of another modification of the apparatus
which is shown applied to the doors of the upper furnace in Figures 1 and 2.
Figure 7 on the same Sheet is a transverse vertical section corresponding to
Figure 6.
The brickwork A on which the boiler B rests is built in such manner as to
form a furnace C below the shell of the boiler. The water within the boiler B
is also heated by means of the furnaces D, which are arranged within the
longitudinal tubes E in the ordinary manner. Referring to the arrangement
shown in the lower furnace C, the bridge F, over which the flame and incom-.
bustible products pass on their passage to the flues, is built to form a chamber
through which the supply of air is admitted, that is to say, the bridge F is
built of fire brick in the usual way; behind this is a wall G, leaving a space
between the two, as shown in the section Figure 1. The space between the
bridge F and the wall G is covered at the upper part with slabs of fire-clay H;
these slabs are supported at intervals on the bridge F, so as to leave narrow
longitudinal slits or openings between the bridge and the slabs, as shown in
Figure 2 on Sheet 1.
The furnace bars I are arranged in the ordinary manner, as are also the
other internal parts of the furnace. The bridge F is built completely across
the
space between the side walls, but in the lower part two openings are left

page_text: in the brickwork, in which openings are fitted the apparatus, by means of
which the air is admitted to the back part of the fire. The apparatus consists
of a rectangular box or casing J, which is set into the brick work F, this box
or casing forming the inlet for the air. It has across the upper part a down-
wardly directed angular ridge or fin K, and the flooring or lower portion L of
the box or casing forms an inclined plane ascending towards the back part of
the box, as shown in the sectional view, Figure 4. To each side of the box J
is bolted a bow or curved piece of metal M, through the centre of which
passes a screw N; the pair of screws thus arranged from the adjustable pivots
on which is carried a balanced box O, the sides of which are cast with pro-
jecting spindles. The ends of these spindles project out beyond the slots
which are made for the purpose in the side of the casing J; the screws N.
enter the hollow ends of the spindles, and in this manner the box O oscillates
freely upon its supporting pivots. The box O is of a rectangular figure, the
front plate being secured to the back part by bolts and nuts to afford access
to its interior when necessary. The back part of the box O is made with an
upwardly directed angular partition P; this partition extends from side to side
of the box, and at its lowest part a series of holes is made through which the.
contents of the partitioned part escape to the bottom of the box O. A lever
Qis fast to one of the spindles of the box O, to the lower end of this lever
a rod R is secured, the front extremity of which is jointed to a link S. The
other end of this link is fast to the spindle T on which the furnace door U is
hung in such manner that the spindle rotates in its sockets with the opening
and closing of the door. The upper extremity of the lever Q is slotted to
receive a counterweight V, which is fastened to the lever by means of a nut,
so that it may be fixed at any part within the range of the slot. A quantity
of sand is placed within the box 0; the gradual descent of which from the
upper to the lower part of the box causes it to turn slowly upon its axis, this
motion serving to cut off the ingress of the air. When the furnace door is
opened for the purpose of supplying the fire with fresh fuel, the rod R is
drawn forward, which has the effect of pulling the lever Q, so as to cause the
box O to fall backwards. This sudden inversion of the box causes the sand
contained therein to be thrown to the upper part of the box, so that it falls
behind the partition P, the shifting of the sand being facilitated by the smart
blow with which the upper projecting edge of the box comes in contact with
the inclined plane L and the upper part of the casing J; the box in its
inverted position is shown in red lines in Figure 4. The furnace door now
being closed, the box O does not return to its former position in consequence
of the preponderating weight in the upper part, which is so arranged that the

page_text: bottom of the partition P is a little above the horizontal line. The metal
knob X serves also to keep the box in equilibrio, as well as to assist the
inverting movement. The air has now free access above and below the box O,
and as it emerges through the openings between the bridge and the slabs H,
it meets the smoke arising from the fresh fuel, the combustible portion
of which it ignites. In its passage through the air chamber formed by
the walls F and G it becomes heated, so that the furnace is not injuriously
cooled down by this influx of fresh air. As the quantity of smoke decreases,
it is necessary to diminish in a corresponding ratio the admission of the air;
to this end the box O must be caused to slowly close the opening in the
casing J. This is accomplished by the gravitating action of the sand which
escapes through the apertures made for the purpose in the lower part of the
partition P, the escape being regulated by the screws W. As the bottom of
the box becomes heavier by the addition of the sand, it gradually approaches
the vertical position, at each instant lessening the opening and the quantity
of air admitted until the upper and lower projecting edges of the box are in
contact with the ridge K and the inclined plane L. In this position of the
box O all further ingress of air is stopped, except that which passes through
the furnace bars, and so the box remains until it is necessary to put a fresh
supply of fuel upon the fire.
Another mode of arranging this self-acting apparatus is shown as applied
to the furnaces D. In this modification the valvular apparatus is fitted in
the door of each furnace instead of being below the fire bars, as herein-before
described. The furnace door Y is cast with a rectangular opening therein, in
which is fixed the box or casing Z, the back part of which is perforated, as
shown in Figures 1 and 7 on Sheet 1 of my Drawings. At each side of the
casing Z a slot or opening is cast in the metal, in which rest the spindles of
the oscillating box a; the upper part of the casing Z has an overhanging
edge, against which the top part of the box a comes in contact when the
valvular opening is closed. The interior of the box a is furnished with an
angularly disposed partition 6, which has apertures at the bottom for the
escape of the sand. These apertures may be partially or wholly closed by the
screws c, so as to afford the means of regulating the flow of the sand into the
lower compartment. An eye or hook d is screwed into the lower part of the
front of the box a, and to this eye or hook a chain e is secured; the other
extremity of the chain is made fast to a hook or staple fixed overhead. As
thus arranged, the effect of opening the furnace door will be that the drag
upon the chain will cause the box a to fall backwards and jerk the said
contained therein to the upper part of the box, whence it falls behind the

page_text: partition b. The box a is so poised upon its supporting spindles, that when
the door of the furnace is shut the lower part of the partition b is a little
above the horizontal line, so that whilst the air has free access to the furnace
through the valvular opening, the box is sufficiently inclined to allow of the
sand flowing through the apertures in the partition b into the lower compart-
ment. In both arrangements of the valvular apparatus the time which the
box takes to close the opening in the casing is adjusted to the quantity of
fuel thrown upon the fire at each charge, the object being to close the
valvular opening just as the fuel reaches a red heat, and smoke is no longer
given off; after this the whole of the air admitted to the furnace must pass
through the furnace bars. One or other of the arrangements of self-acting
valvular apparatus may with trifling or unimportant modifications be applied
either to stationary, locomotive, or marine boilers, so as to ignite all the com-
bustible matters arising from the fuel, and thereby prevent the émission of
visible smoke. In the arrangement last herein described the air admitted
through the valvular casing, enters in a series of finely divided streams, being
in a condition peculiarly favourable for the complete and effective combustion
of the gaseous products.
The second part of my present Invention has reference to the arrangement
and construction of self-acting apparatus for feeding or supplying water to
boilers. One modification of the apparatus is shown in Sheet 2 of the
Drawings accompanying this Specification. Figure 8, being a partially
sectional elevation of the apparatus, and Figure 9, is a plan of the same.
Figure 10 is an elevation, partially in section, of the valvular apparatus for
regulating the admission of water to the boiler; in this Figure the valve is in
that position in which the steam ports are open and the water passages closed.
Figure 11 is a partially sectional elevation of the moveable valve, showing the
ports for the passage of the steam and water, and Figure 12 is a sectional plan
of the valvular apparatus taken through the centre of Figures 10 and 11.
According to this modification the apparatus consists of a rectangular metal
box A, which forms a water vessel or holder, the lid B, being secured to the.
box by bolts and nuts, strips of india-rubber or other flexible material being
interposed between the metal surfaces in order to make the box as nearly as
possible air and water-tight at the junction. The water holder A is placed in
a convenient position above the boiler B, with which it communicates by
means of the pipe C; this pipe is carried downwards, and terminates near the
bottom of the boiler. Between the water vessel and the boiler, the pipe C
has a valve box, in which is fitted the valve D, which opens downwards; this
valve is kept closed by the upward pressure of the water in the boiler. But

page_text: when the water in the vessel A is no longer balanced by the water in the
boiler, the valve D opens to admit a supply to the boiler, as will be presently
described. The valve D may be made to act in manner similar to an ordinary
cock, by means of the wedge-shaped piece of metal E, which slides to and fro
on the spindle F, and is fast to the lateral screw G. This screw works through
an internal screw made in the side of the valve box, its outer end being
squared to receive the handle H, by means of which the metal wedge E may
be moved to and fro so as to release or wedge up the valve D. The object of
this arrangement is to afford means for cutting off the communication between
the boiler and the vessel A, when required. In addition to the pipe C; there
is another which communicates from the boiler to the water vessel A; this
pipe I descends into the boiler only as far as the proper level of the water, so
that when the water is below the predetermined level, the mouth of the pipe
is open to the ingress of the steam. The pipe I enters the water vessel A
through an aperture made for the purpose in its side, opposite to which
opening is fixed a portion of the valvular, apparatus, by means of which the
flow of the steam and water is controlled. The portion of the valvular
apparatus which is bolted to the water vessel A consists of a cylindrical duplex
chamber J, which is shown in vertical section in Figure 10, and in the lower
part of the horizontal section, Figure 11. This chamber J is divided into two
parts by the diaphragm K, the steam from the boiler having access to the
lower division or chamber through the pipe I. The diaphragm K is cast
with an eye in the centre, which extends through the chamber, and forms a
bearing to receive the journal of the spindle L, which is secured at one end to
the chamber J by a nut screwed upon its extremity. The spindle L carries
upon its central portion the duplex valve M, the cylindrical chamber of which
is divided at the centre by the diaphragm N. The valve M moves freely upon
its spindle L, its motion about which serves to open or close the ports in the
chamber J, and also those of another and corresponding chamber O, which is
carried upon the other extremity of the spindle L. The valve M bas two
sockets cast upon its periphery, which receive the ends of the pipes P and Q;
these communicate with the interior of the ball float R. Each of the pipes
P and Q communicate only with one compartment of the valve M, that is to
say, the pipe P, with the compartment of the valve next the chamber J,
through which the steam from the pipe I passes. The lower pipe Q is in like
manner connected with the other compartment of the valve which controls the
ports of the chamber O, in the lower part of which is the outlet pipe S, through
which the feed water flows. The water vessel A is kept full of water, and
both it and the boiler B are supplied from a cistern or reservoir placed above;

page_text: the feed water flows down the pipe T into the chamber J, thence through the
valve and pipe P into the float R, from which it flows along the pipe Q into
the second compartment of the valve M, passing through the chamber O, and
into the water vessel A by the outlet passage S. In its normal or inoperative
position, the water vessel and ball float are filled with water, the gravity of
the ball float serving to keep it in a horizontal line with the valve M, as shown
in Figure 9 of the accompanying Drawings. When the water in the boiler
falls below the mouth of the pipe I, the steam instantly flows up the pipe, and
passes into the chamber J. Whilst the ball float is at its lowest point, the
ports in the lower compartment of the chamber are kept open for the ingress
of the steam, which thence passes into the valve, and by the pipe Pinto
the ball float R. The pressure of steam upon the water in the ball float
causes it to flow along the pipe Q into the other compartment of the valve,
thence into the chamber O, and through the passage S into the vessel A. The
equilibrium of the pressure being destroyed, the water opens the valve D, and
flows into the boiler by the pipe C. The ejection of the water from the
ball float renders it specifically lighter than the surrounding fluid; it con-
sequently rises to the upper part of the water vessel A, to the position
indicated by the red circle in Figure 9. The effect of this rising action of the
ball float is to open the ports in the upper compartment of the chamber J, so
that the water in the pipe T has free ingress to the valve, and thence by the
pipe P to the ball float R. As the ball float fills with water its weight causes
it to descend to its former position, thereby closing the water passages and
opening the steam ports. A cock is fitted to each of the pipes I and T, so that
the passage of the steam or water may be shut off when necessary. Another
mode of arranging this apparatus is shown by the red lines which form a con-
tinuation of the outlet pipe S; in this modification the pipe C is dispensed
with, and in lieu thereof the feed pipé U is connected directly to the pipe S.
The pipe U is carried down to the bottom of the boiler, and between the top of
the boiler and the water vessel A; it is furnished with a cock V, so as to shut
off the communication when required. The action of the apparatus remains
the same as before described, excepting that the feed water flows directly
down the pipe U into the boiler instead of into the vessel A, so that the water
contained therein serves only as a buoyant medium to assist the rising of the
ball float R. To ensure the vessel A being completely filled with water, and
to prevent the accumulation of air therein, a cock W is fixed in the cover of
the box or water vessel A, so that by opening this from time to time the air
may be discharged therefrom. Another mode of arranging the self-acting feed
apparatus is indicated by the red lines in the upper part of Figure 9..

page_text: According to this modification the arrangement of the boiler feed pipe U, the
valve M, the pipes I and T, and the ball R, remain essentially the same, but
the water vessel is dispensed with, and in lieu thereof a counterweight is used.
to balance the ball. A lever X is attached to the valve M; this lever extends
in the opposite direction to the ball R, and carries upon its outer extremity an
adjustable counterweight Y. Whilst the ball R is full of water it remains
in the position shown in Figure 9, but when the water is ejected therefrom by
the inflowing of the steam, the counterweight then raises the ball, so as to open
the water passages and admit water from the pipe T, as before described. In
this form the apparatus may be very readily applied to the exterior of any
boiler, the whole of the parts being conveniently accessible for examination or
repair. In the modification of the feeding apparatus shown in my illustrative
Drawings, the passage of the steam and water is controlled by the duplex
valve M; in some cases I prefer to use in lieu of this valve a three-way cock,
the opening and shutting of which is effected by the rise and fall of the
ball R. With either of the mechanical arrangements herein-before described,
the operation of feeding or supplying boilers with a due and proper quantity of
water by self-acting means is rendered certain and effective, the danger,ising
from a defective or insufficient supply being wholly avoided. I may finally
remark that although I prefer to use sand as the operating material in my air-
regulating apparatus herein-before described, other granular matters may be
used for the same purpose.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I may observe, in conclusion, that I do confine or restrict
myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to
describe or refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without deviating
from the principles or main features of my Invention; but what I consider
to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me
by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,
First, the general arrangement and construction of self-acting apparatus for
supplying furnaces with air in order to insure the complete combustion of
the gaseous elements and prevent the emission of smoke, as herein-before
described.
Second, the system or mode of admitting and controlling the passage of air
into furnaces, the quantity of air admitted being gradually reduced or cut off,
as the smoke ceases to be evolved from the burning fuel; this effect being
produced by means of the apparatus and in the manner herein-before
described, or any mere equivalent therefor.

page_text: Third, the general arrangement and construction of apparatus for feeding
or supplying boilers with water by self-acting means, as herein-before
described.
Fourth, the system or mode of supplying boilers with water by means
of the several arrangements of self-acting apparatus herein-before described;
which apparatus is brought into operation by the ingress of the steam into a
hollow ball, the rising and falling action of this ball serving to control and
regulate the admission of the water to the boiler, as herein-before described
and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said David Auld, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of October, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-eight.
DAVID AULD. (L.S.)