IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GLAZING OR BURNISHING PAPER AND OTHER FABRICS.
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Wells of Canonbury in the County of Middlesex
Civil Engineer for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
GLAZING OR BURNISHING PAPER AND OTHER FABRICS..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Wells at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th November 1882.
SAMUEL WELLS of Canonbury in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GLAZING OR BURNISHING PAPER AND OTHER
FABRICS
"
This invention relates to improvements in machinery for imparting to paper,
linen, cotton and other fabrics, the kind of glaze or burnish known as "Bint
glazing," and which is usually effected by the friction of agates, flints, stones,
glass, or other hard material rubbed to and fro with considerable pressure over the
surface of the paper, or other fabric, while the same is traversed over a table or
moving roller. When the glazing or burnishing tools are caused to traverse to and
fro across the width of the web of paper, or other fabric, it has been found
impracticable to effect the glazing or burnishing close up to the lateral edges of the
web, because if the glazing or burnishing tools are traversed over the said edges
the latter are liable to be torn. There is also a considerable percentage of loss
entailed, as the unglazed edges have to be cut off, and the glazed or burnished part
is extended or stretched more than the unglazed edges whereby wrinkles are
produced and the liability to tear, or to have holes rubbed through by the glazing
or burnishing material is increased.
The object of the present invention is to remedy these defects. For this purpose
instead of causing the agates, flints or other glazing materials to move to and fro
across, or transversely to, the length and direction of motion of the web I cause
them to move to and fro in the same direction as the length and motion of the
said web, and when the said web is carried over a curved bearing table, or over a
revolving bearing roll, I cause the agates, or other glazing material to describe a
curved arc corresponding to the curvature of the said table or roll, the required
Prins 21

page_text: pressure being obtained by springs, weights, or other suitable means, and the
required motion by means of levers, links, cranks, cams or other suitable devices.
In some cases instead of agates, or other such like comparatively small and
separate pieces of glazing or burnishing material I employ a roller made of chilled
cast iron, steel, brass, copper, steatite, terra-cotta, porcelain, composition, or other
material which will bear a high polish; and I arrange the said roller so that it can
turn easily on its axis and so that it can be reciprocated to and fro longitudinally
across the web of material to be glazed.
By this arrangement the said material will be glazed across its whole width by
the friction against it of the part of the circumference of the said roller which
comes in contact therewith. As the web is traversed forward over the bearing
table or roll the glazing or burnishing roller is turned on its axis by the friction of
the web passing beneath it; and if any irregularities of thickness exist in the said
web they will act specially to turn the said roller round, and thus facilitate the
passage of the web between it and the bearing table or roll.
Instead of the aforesaid glazing or burnishing roller being moved to and fro
parallel to its own axis across the web it may be made to move at right angles to
its own axis and longitudinally of the web, and when so moving may be made to
follow the curved form of the bearing table or roll. Or it may be made in some
cases to partake of both motions at the same time.
Such glazing or burnishing roller may in some cases be heated by steam, hot
water, or otherwise if required, or may be cooled by cold water or otherwise as
may be found desirable."
Instead of the paper or other fabric being glazed or burnished in the continuous
web it may be so treated in separate sheets by arranging an endless conducting
band of suitable material on which the said sheets can be placed and conducted
under the glazing or burnishing tool, being held to such conducting band by clips
or otherwise.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Samuel Wells in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 29th May
1883.
SAMUEL WELLS of Canonbury, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GLAZING OR BURNISHING PAPER AND OTHER
FABRICS.
"
This invention relates to improvements in machinery for imparting to paper,
linen, cotton and other fabrics, the kind of glaze or burnish known as "flint
glazing" and which is usually effected by the friction of agates, flints, stones, glass
or other hard material rubbed to and fro with considerable pressure over the
surface of the paper or other fabric while the same is traversed over a table or
moving roller. When the glazing or burnishing tools are caused to traverse to and
fro across the width of the web of paper or other fabric it has been found
impracticable to effect the glazing or burnishing close up to the lateral edges of the
web because if the glazing or burnishing tools are traversed over the said edges
the latter are liable to be torn. There is also a considerable percentage of loss
entailed as the unglazed edges have to be cut off, and the glazed or burnished part
is extended or stretched more than the unglazed edges, whereby wrinkles are
produced, and the liability to tear or to have holes rubbed through by the glazing
or burnishing material is increased.
The object of the present invention is to remedy these defects.
For this purpose instead of causing the agates, flints or other glazing materials
to move to and fro across or transversely to the length and direction of motion
of the web, I cause them to move to and fro in the same direction as the length
and motion of the said web, and when the said web is carried over a curved
bearing table or over a revolving bearing roll I cause the agates or other glazing
material to describe a curved arc corresponding to the curvature of the said table
or roll, the requisite pressure being obtained by springs, weights or other suitable
means, and the required motion by means of levers, links, cranks, cams or other
suitable means.
In the drawing hereto annexed Figure 1 shows a side elevation of a glazing or
burnishing machine with my improvements applied thereto. Only such parts of
the machine as are necessary to illustrate the improvements are shown in the
Figure. A is the side frame of the machine, B the revolving bearing roll forming
the table over which the web of paper or other fabric is conducted during the
glazing or burnishing operation, C, C₁, are pressure rollers pressing and stretching
the web closely and tightly against the bearing roll B. The pressure of these
rollers against the roll B can be adjusted by the screws D, D', acting on the
bearings E E¹ which slide and are guided in openings in the frame. A¹ is a bridge
piece or bracket fixed to, or cast with the side frame A. The cheeks A' of this
bracket are adapted to receive between them the piece F fitted to slide freely but
steadily up and down between the said cheeks A. The piece F has formed therein
a circular segmental slot G, concentric with the roll B. H is the box or carrier
containing the agates or other glazing or burnishing materials. The end of this box
is adapted to take into and to slide freely but steadily in the segmental slot G in
the piece F. I is a lever turning on a fulcrum pin at I and connected by a link J
to the sliding piece F. The outer end of this lever I carries a swivelling screwed

page_text: nut K through which passes the adjusting screw L which may be turned in either
direction by means of the gearing M. and hand wheel N, in order to raise or lower
the piece F, and thereby the agate box or carrier H, so as to obtain an accurate
adjustment of the latter to the circumference of the bearing table or roll B. P is a
driving shaft carrying a pinion Q which gears into the wheel R keyed on the
shaft B of the roll B, it also carries a crank S. T is a lever adapted to oscillate
on the shaft B¹ of the roll B; its lower end is coupled by a link or connecting
rod U to the crank pin of the crank S, and its upper end is connected to the agate
box or carrier H. It will now be understood that when the driving shaft P is
rotated the pinion Q turns the roll B by its spur wheel R, and the crank S causes
the lever T to oscillate on the shaft B¹ and thereby to move the agate box or
carrier H to and fro in the segmental slot G so as to cause the agates or other
glazing or burnishing material to rub to and fro on the surface of the web in the
direction of its length as it is carried forward in that direction by the bearing
roll B. V is the bobbin of paper to be glazed, V' a brake pulley on the axis of the
same, and V2 a weighted brake lever to prevent the too rapid unwinding of the
paper. W is the bobbin on which the paper is wound after the glazing or
burnishing is finished.
It will be understood that the arrangements above described are repeated on
the other side of the machine, and that the width of the latter may be adapted to
that of the web of paper or other fabric to be glazed.
Figures 2, 3 and 4 are enlarged views of the agate box or carrier, Figure 2 being
a sectional plan, and Figure 3 a transverse section of the entire box or carrier with
the agates in place, and Figure 4 a detached view of a single agate with its casing
and pressure spring arrangements. H is the main box or carrier with its ends
adapted to the segmental slots G in the sliding pieces F as already described.
W W are separate casings fitted into the openings in the box H and free to slide
vertically therein. Each casing carries its agate X cemented or otherwise securely
fixed therein. Y is a bar or plate fixed to the box H and extending over its whole
length, W₁ are screwed stems projecting upwards from the tops of the several
casings W through holes in the bar Y; these stems are furnished with wing or
other suitable nuts W' screwed on over the bar or plate Y. Z Z are springs
surrounding the stems W' and bearing below against the tops of the casings W,
and above against the underside of the bar or plate Y. These springs exert their
maximum effect in pressing the agate casings W against the web on the roll B
when the nuts W2 are screwed up so as not to come in contact with the top of the
bar or plate Y. When it is required to relieve this pressure the nuts are screwed
down more or less firmly against the bar or plate Y whereby the pressure of the
agates or other glazing or burnishing material against the web is reduced.
It will be understood that if the table over which the web is passed is flat the
guide slots for the agate box or carrier are straight and that the said box or
carrier may be moved to and fro without the intervention of the levers T by the
direct action upon it of connecting rods moved by cranks or eccentrics. In some
cases it may be found preferable to employ worm or other gearing instead of spur
gearing to transmit the motion of the driving shaft P to the roll B and if preferred
the agate box or carrier H may be moved by means altogether distinct from those
which actuate the bearing roll B.
In some cases it may be found desirable to combine an endlong or longitudinal
reciprocating motion of the agate box or carrier across the web with the above
described to and fro motion longitudinally of the web. This can be effected by
lengthening the ends of the agate box or carrier H which pass into the slots G and
imparting the said endlong or longitudinal reciprocating motion to the box or
carrier by means of a connecting rod and suitable crank or eccentric actuated by a
suitable rotating part of the machine or by other separate driving arrangements.
In some cases instead of agates or other such like comparatively small and
separate pieces of glazing or burnishing material, I employ a roller made of chilled

page_text: cast iron, steel, brass, copper, steatite, terra cotta, porcelain, glass, composition or
other material which will bear a high polish, and I arrange the said roller so that
it can turn easily on its axis, and so that it can be reciprocated to and fro
longitudinally across the web of material to be glazed. By this arrangement the
said material will be glazed across its whole width by the friction against it of the
part of the circumference of the said roller which comes in contact therewith. As
the web is traversed forward over the bearing table or roll the glazing or burnishing
roller is turned on its axis by the friction of the web passing beneath it, and if any
irregularities of thickness exist in the said web they act specially to turn the said
roller round and thus facilitate the passage of the web between it and the bearing
table or roll. Instead of the aforesaid glazing or burnishing roller being moved to
and fro parallel to its own axis across the web it may be made to move at right
angles to its own axis and longitudinally of the web, and when so moving may be
made to follow the form of the bearing table or roll by its bearings being made to
slide in suitably shaped guide slots similar to that shown in Figure 1, and
preferably adjustable with reference to the surface of the table or bearing roll in a
similar way, or it may be made in some cases to partake of both motions at the
same time. When made to move at right angles to its own axis as above described
the glazing roller must be prevented from turning on its own axis by contact with
the web, but a slow revolving motion on its own axis may preferably be imparted
thereto by worm gearing or otherwise so as to effect a continual change of the
glazing or burnishing surface.
Such glazing or burnishing roller may in some cases be heated by steam, hot
water or otherwise if required, or it may be cooled by cold water or otherwise as
may be found desirable.
Instead of the paper or other fabric being glazed or burnished in the continuous
web it may be so treated in separate sheets by arranging an endless conducting
band of suitable material on which the said sheets can be placed and conducted
under the glazing or burnishing tool being held to such conducting band by clips
or otherwise.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention and the manner in
which the same is to or may be carried into effect I would have it understood that
what I claim is :-
First. In glazing or burnishing machines the arrangements whereby the glazing
or burnishing materials are caused to move to and fro longitudinally over
the surface of the web of paper or other fabric as the same is moved
longitudinally between the bearing table or roll and the said glazing or
burnishing materials, substantially as hereinbefore described, and illustrated
in Figure 1 of the drawings hereto annexed.
Second. In glazing or burnishing machines combining the to and fro movement of
the glazing or burnishing materials longitudinally over the surface of the
web with a to and fro movement of the said glazing or burnishing materials
transversely over the surface of the web as hereinbefore described.
Third. In glazing or burnishing machines the employment for the purpose of
guiding the glazing or burnishing material parallel to or concentric with the
table or bearing roll of guide slots parallel to or concentric with such table
or bearing roll, such guide slots being adjustable with reference to the
surface of the table or bearing roll, substantially as hereinbefore described,
and illustrated in Figure 1 of the drawings hereto annexed.
Fourth. The arrangement of each piece of glazing or burnishing material in a
separate casing fitted into the main box or carrier H, each such casing being
provided with a separate spring and adjusting screw and nut whereby the
pressure of each piece of such material on the web can be regulated at
pleasure, as hereinbefore described, and illustrated in Figures 2, 3 and 4 of
the drawings hereto annexed.

page_text: Fifth. In glazing or burnishing machines the employment of a burnishing roller to
which is or are imparted a longitudinal reciprocating motion parallel to its
own axis, or a transverse reciprocating motion at right angles to its own
axis, or both those motions combined, as hereinbefore described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Wells have hereunto set my hand and
seal this twenty-eighth day of May in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty-three.