Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Apr., 1885
Complete Specification Left, 5th Feb., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted. 16th Mar., 1889
I WILLIAM CUNLIFFE of 33 Harcourt Road, Brockley in the County of Kent,
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The invention relates to that class of lamps or burners commonly termed regenera-
tive, in which the waste products and heat are utilized for heating the air in support
of combustion, or the gas, or both: And the admission and admixture of the air to
and with the flame is limited and regulated by enclosed passages and chambers.
In lamps and burners of this class great objections & defects have hitherto been
experienced; their construction was of too complicated and costly a character-they
were very liable to become choked and be fouled in their interior parts and passages
with unconsumed carbon and soot deposits and they had no clear or easy means of
access to the interior parts for examination or cleaning. The lamps and burners
too, were ill suited to the varying conditions, purposes and requirements for which
they were called:-they were ill adapted to gas of different pressures or quality being
provided with no means of regulation or adaptation to the varying requirements, and
the combustion became imperfect, the light smoky, and the result most unsatisfactory,
and the nature or form was of a very clumsy, inelegant and unornamental nature and
unfitted for light graceful and decorative uses.
The object of this invention is first to provide an entirely new form of lamp or
burner on the regenerative principle of a more simple and inexpensive construction
with perfect efficiency. Secondly, a lamp or burner which shall not be liable to
smoking, befouling or choking by the undue deposits of unconsumed soot or carbon
through imperfect combustion. Thirdly, to provide a lamp that can be instantly
detachable in several parts so as to afford a clear, ready and full access to all the
interior parts and passages for inspection and cleaning and that can be either detached
or replaced instantly by any person of ordinary intelligence. Fourthly, to provide
a ready means of adjustment of the various inlets and control the admission and
admixture of the air and gas at the several points required to suit the varying
exigencies of different pressures or qualities of gas or other conditions. Fifthly, to
provide a lamp or burner of the greatest possible efficiency and economy with a
maximum of light and minimum of cost, that can be easily adapted and fitted to any
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page_text: existing gas fittings, or otherwise as desired. Sixthly, to provide a lamp that shall
be better fitted for light, elegant and tasteful construction adapted for all styles and
purposes of a decorative character.
«
My Invention consists in the adaptation and use of a novel kind of burner or
nozzle combining in its form the features of the Argand burner with those of the
pip" or jet burner. The burner nozzle which may be made of steatite, lava, or any
other suitable material, is in the form of a semi-spherical projection, inverted or fitted
downwards for the issue and burning of the gas in a circular, rose, or cuplike form.
The burner has in it an annular or ring like slit or groove from which the gas
issues and the gas is admitted to the same through the bottom or rather upper part
of the annular groove or slit through a number of holes from a chamber or recess in
or above the upper part of the burner. The gas is admitted to this chamber through
a small céntral tube below, passing to the centre of the burner, jet or flame; or from
the side of the base of the chimney above, or in any other convenient or suitable
manner. Ahove the burner nozzle and forming a case holding the same rests an
annular air chamber which may be of other form if preferred and around the
chimney shaft of the lamp is a small annular cowl, disguised in the form of a circular
band or moulding and above this the upper part of the chimney shaft is fitted and
held in a manner similar to the chimney of an ordinary lamp and removable at
pleasure. Around the underside of the circular moulding or cowl is an annular
opening for the inlet of air which is conducted by a cross down tube or passage to
the chamber above the burner, and heated in its descent, it is admitted by suitable
openings to the inner and central parts of the cup shape flame as gradually required.
Above and around the outer rim of the air chamber and burner is a projecting
protector and deflector of a suitable irrefragible and fireproof material annular in
shape and held in position by simply dropping into its place where it rests firmly and
securely on a ledge and is removable and replacable instantly at pleasure. The
annular ring, cowl, the cross passages, down tube etc., are fitted and held in position
firmly by simply slipping into sockets fitted to each other and to the air chamber and
can be instantly taken apart or replaced together leaving the burner and centre of
the lamp clear and naked. The lower and other part of the lamp namely its main
body consists of a double chamber of glass consisting of an inner and outer globe,
cup, dish, vase or other form of transparent or semi-transparent material with a
space between the two for the passage of the air from above or from the lower part
of the chimney shaft and cowl. The inner glass vessel forms a sort of shield from
the air for the flame preventing its access except around the outer space between
the glasses by which it is conducted to an opening in the bottom and centre of the
inner glass concentric and parallel with the base of the rose shape flame or jet on
which, in an heated form it impinges at its centre and inner base; and in some cases
it is admitted in a limited degree between the base of the lower part of the chimney
cowl and upper edge of the inner glass shield to that part of the flame. Whilst
the outer glass serves with its intervening space to conduct the heated air from the
lower part of the chimney above it also serves to keep cool the outer body of the
glass and the air without. These double glass chambers are held in position firmly
and simply by neat and graceful curved & scrolled branches of wire. To the inlet
passages of the air at the cowl and the central opening below of the glass shield
means for increasing or diminishing the area of the air inlets are provided by means
of conical or wedged shaped pieces fitted thereto and made to advance or recedo and
enlarge or diminish the air passages. The whole of the lamp is of a light and strong
construction and suitable for attachment to any ordinary bracket, pendant, standard,
gasolier, or other gas fitting as in common use as well as to lamps of a special
design, and the lamps or burners may be made in any convenient size or style and to
consume any number of cubic feet of gas per hour as required.
Dated this 5th 1 1000

page_text: Improvements in Lamps or Burners for Gas and other Lighting.
I, WILLIAM CUNLIFFE of 33 Harcourt Road, Brockley in the county of Kent
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
The invention relates to the class of Lamps and Burners denominated
66
recupera-
tive " or regenerative" in which the heat arising from combustion is utilized to
wholly or partially, heat either the supporter of the combustion or the material for
combustion before they meet in ignition. The improvements consist first in
providing for the variation, regulation and control of the orifices and inlets for the
admission of the atmospheric air to support the combustion and for determining
and adjusting the quantity of air admitted in such manner, to suit the different
requirements of different localities with varying qualities and pressures of gas and
other modified circumstances.
Secondly in making the body of the lamp of a lighter, simpler and more elegant
material and construction to thereby improve its form, lessen its cost, and make it
more generally suitable and adaptable to domestic and aesthetic purposes.
Thirdly in simplifying its construction and adaptation in such a manner as to
prevent the accumulation of carbon either at or above the burner in the chambers and
to enable any ordinary person to instantly take the whole of the body of the Lamp
apart for either lighting or cleaning, and replace the same without difficulty, and also
thereby lessening the cost of manufacture.
Fourthly in arranging for the gradual supply of the air at all parts of both the
inner and the outer surfaces of the flame in quantity and continuity as required for
giving the very highest degree of illumination with the lowest consumption of gas.
The Invention and Improvements are as follows:-A gas nozzle or burner is provided
somewhat like that of an ordinary argand burner nozzle of lava, steatite or other
substance and inverted, with an annual series of slits or jet holes for the issue of the
gas, downwards, the gas so making its exit from a small inner recess to which it is
conveyed by the Tube (a¹) upon which the nozzle is fixed, the tube having a suitable
elbow or other provision for affixing to a pendant or other support, at its lower end.
Upon this tube is placed a cone which can be adapted up or down by means of a
screw thread, as shown, or by simply sliding. Above the nozzle of the burner is an
air chamber holding to and embracing the burner, with a socket from which by
means of orifices (c, c.) the hot air issues below to the inner and upper surfaces of the
annular flame. Upon this air chamber rests a deflector ring of asbestos cement or
other fire resistant (d, d,) partially covering the metal, whilst up on the top of the air
chamber is provided a simple socket for to hold a tube rising in the centre and
receiving upon its upper end by another socket, an annular coronal shaped hood of
metal, the upper part of which holds the chimney tube, in a similar way to that of an
ordinary lamp chimney, but below, in its hooded part, it widens in form of an
ornamental moulding, with an annular inlet (e, e) beneath for receiving the air. In
this annular air inlet is placed a conical or wedge shaped ring which by means of a
screw thread or slide can be either advanced or withdrawn, to decrease, or increase,

page_text: and regulate the size of the inlet opening and the quantity of air. The air passes by
a cross passage (f, f.) from the inlet to the centre, and by the socket and tube (g, 9,)
to the heated air chambers above the burner. Below the coronal of the chimney
shaft, the shaft is continued of metal and at its bottom widened and splayed to rest
upon and receive the glass cup or globe forming the body of the Lamp and within the
lower portion of the chimney and upper part of the body of the Lamp is placed an
inner baffle or deflector (h, h.) below the cross-passages (f, f,) to divert the heated
products of combustion to the centre of the shaft, and separating a thin annular body
of air passing on the outer side of the baffle, by suitable openings (i, i,) from the cross
passages of the coronal to the upper part of the glass, cap, globe, or body of the lamp.
This baffle conforms more or less to the shape of the same. The cup or globe body of the
Lamp, formed of glass is supported in its position by three or more wire supports bent
to the form of the glass and grasping the same with sufficient firmness and elasticity
to receive and hold the same. The wires (j,j) being supported from the elbow socket
or other provision, before named, for attaching the lamp in any convenient and
suitable manner. At the bottom and centre of the glass body of the Lamp is provided
an annular inlet for air (which may be either of the glass, or of metal attached) into
which the afore described adjustable cone (m, m,) (affixed upon the tube for the inlet
of gas), enters, and by means of the screw thread, or the sliding movement, the size
of the lower air inlet and the admission of the air is regulated. "Outside of the glass
cup or globe shaped body of the lamp (k, k, k, k,) is placed another glass cup or globe
with a space (1, 1, 1, 1.) betwixt it and the inner one, for the passage of air to the lower
inlet (m, m,). the air in its passage between, being gradually heated, on its way, to
the burner. This outer globe is supported upon wires (n, n,) in a similar manner to
the inner one. It is obvious that the contour and shape of the glass cups, globes,
and the chimney and other portions of the Lamp may be modified and varied to suit
various æsthetic tastes and that these may be variously adapted and decorated to any
requirements.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. The use of the semi argand gas burner together with the separate chamber
above for heating the portion of this air conveyed to the inner and upper surfaces of
the gas flame.
Second. The use of the double glass cups, globes or other shaped body of the lamp
around the burner with an intervening passage for the conveyance and heating of
the air supplied to the lower portion of the Lamp, and flame.
Third. The use of the annular coronal and inlet hood upon and around the chimney
shaft of the Lamp together with cross passages to a central tube and the annular
heating chamber for air above the semi argand jet burner and the baffle attached
to the coronal below with corresponding air inlets and annular passage for air to
the outer surfaces of the flame.
Fourth. The use of the adjustable cones, at the inlets to vary the area of the inlets
and regulate the quantity of the air admitted to or through the same.
Fifth. Any modification thereof substantially the same.
th
Dated this 5th dow of Dahmame in the
T
1 1000
WILLIAM CUNLIFFE.