IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING OR TWISTING FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Watson, of 30, Tureen Street, Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, Manufacturer, and Charles Frederic
Halle, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention
Sealed the 18th November 1856, and dated the 9th September 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Watson and Charles
Frederic Halle at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents with their
Petition, on the 9th September 1856.
We, JOHN WATSON, of 30, Tureen Street, Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Manufacturer, and CHARLES FREDERIC HALLE, of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING OR TWISTING FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as
follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to a new arrangement of spinning or twisting
mechanism, which is applicable in all cases where the spindle and flyer
arrangement is at present used, being in substitution of that contrivance, and
having for object the obtainment of an increased effective speed and the
reduction of waste. In this improved arrangement what may be termed an
an inverted flyer is used, that is to say, the fork prongs of the flyer project
upwards from a tubular spindle carried in bearings in one or two horizontal

page_text: bars, and fitted with a wharve or pulley or a toothed wheel, by means of
which it is driven. The thread or yarn descends from above in the usual way,
and passes through the eye of one of the fork prongs to a central spindle, upon
which it is wound; or it may be wound upon a small tube, or upon a bobbin
or pirn carried upon the spindle. This spindle passes down through the tubular
spindle of the flyer and rests on a bar or rail, a vertical reciprocating move-
ment being imparted to it by the rail to regulate the building up of the yarn
or thread. A small pulley or wharve may be fixed on the spindle for the
purpose of applying a frictional cord or strap. A vane or other contrivance
may also be fitted upon the spindle for the purpose of retarding the motion
imparted to it by the tubular flyer spindle, this retardation being of course
adjusted to suit the degree of spinning or twisting action required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Watson and Charles Frederic Halle in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 9th March 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
WATSON, of 30, Tureen Street, Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Manufacturer, and CHARLES FREDERIC HALLE, of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
John Watson and Charles Frederic Halle, Her special license that we, the
said John Watson and Charles Frederic Halle, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said John Watson and Charles Frederic
Halle, our executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING OR
TWISTING FIBROUS MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we,
the said John Watson and Charles Frederic Halle, by an instrument in
writing under our hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be

page_text: performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Watson and Charles Frederic
Halle, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in [what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement in writing, reference being had to the
accompanying Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that
is to say:-
Our said Invention relates to a new arrangement of spinning or twisting
mechanism, which is applicable in all cases where the spindle and flyer
arrangement is at present used, being in substitution of that contrivance, and
having for its object the obtainment of an increased effective speed and the
reduction of waste. In this improved arrangement what may be termed an
inverted flyer is used, that is to say, the legs or arms of the flyer project
upwards from a tubular spindle or tubular collar carried in bearings in one or
two horizontal bars, and fitted with a wharve or pulley, or a toothed wheel, by
means of which it is driven. The thread or yarn descends from above in the
usual way, and passes through the eye of one of the flyer legs to a central
spindle, upon which it is wound; or it may be wound upon a small tube, or
upon a bobbin or pirn carried upon the spindle. This spindle passes down
through the tubular spindle of the flyer and rests on a bar or rail, a vertical
reciprocatory movement being imparted to it by the rail to regulate the build-
ing up of the yarn or thread. A small pulley or wharve may be fixed on the
spindle for the purpose of applying a frictional cord or strap for the production
of the necessary drag. A vane or other contrivance may also be fitted upon
the spindle for the purpose of retarding the motion imparted to it by the
tubular flyer spindle, this retardation being of course adjusted to suit the degree
of spinning or twisting action required.
And in order that our said Invention may be properly understood, we shall
now proceed to describe the several Figures on the explanatory Sheet of
Drawings hereunto appended, in illustration of the general character of our
improvements.
Figure 1 on our Sheet of Drawings is an end view of a spinning frame,
partly in section, as fitted up according to our improvements; Figure 2 is a
front view of a portion of the spindles and flyers; and Figure 3 is a side view
of one spindle and flyer, partly in section. The framing A is of ordinary
character, as well as the arrangement of the bobbins B and drawing rollers C.
The flyers D are of the inverted kind, their legs being turned upwards; they

page_text: are formed with a lengthened collar tube, which is fitted to rotate in bushes or
bearings formed in the two fixed rails E. The spindles F are supported in
footstep bearings fitted in the vertical reciprocating rail G. Upon the lower
end of the spindle is placed a small wharve or pulley H, and behind this pulley
and parallel with its side is secured a piece of wire I, the upper end of which is
turned to form a hook, the lower end being fastened in the reciprocating rail G.
To the front part of the rail is fixed the vertical piece of metal K, this piece of
metal being placed in front of the pulley H; its upper edge is notched, as
shown in Figure 2. A piece of cord or string L is fastened to the wire I, and
to the other end is attached a small weight M. The vertical reciprocating
rail G is actuated by the ordinary means of a heart-shaped cam, its vertical
motion regulating the form of the cop. The yarn descends from the drawing
rollers in the ordinary manner, and is passed through the eye of the flyer to
the spindle on which it is wound; or it may be wound upon a tube or upon a
bobbin. The required tensional drag upon the yarn is very readily and
effectively adjusted by the cord L and weight M. If the cord is passed through
the notch on the extreme right of the piece of metal or standard K little or no
pressure is exerted on the pulley H, but as the cord is shifted in the notches
to the left its pressure upon the pulley is increased in proportion as it deviates
from a direct line, and this frictional pressure obviously tends to retard the
motion of the spindles. The motion of the spindles may be further retarded,
if required, by fitting to each of them a vane or other similar flat surface, so
that the resistance which the pressure of the air offers to its rapid rotation will
have the effect of further checking the motion of the spindle. The tension of
the yarn being so completely under control, the flyers may be driven at a
higher speed than is ordinarily the case, and without increasing the waste of
material.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, we may observe, in conclusion, that we do not confine or restrict ourselves
to the precise details or arrangements which we have had occasion to describe or
refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without deviating from
the principles or main features of our Invention; but what we consider to be
novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to us by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the general arrangement and construction of machinery or apparatus
for spinning or twisting fibrous materials, as herein-before described.
Second, the system or mode of arranging and constructing spinning and
twisting machinery wherein an inverted flyer is supported by a long tubular

page_text: collar in bearings in two separate rails, the spindle being traversed through
such collar by a separate rail, as herein-before described.
Third, the system or mode of arranging and constructing spinning and
twisting machinery, wherein the retarding drag for the spindle is effected
by an adjustable tensional weight, cord, or by an aerial vane, as herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Watson, on behalf of myself and
the said Charles Frederic Halle, have hereunto set my hand and seal,
this Sixth day of March, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
seven.
JOHN WATSON. (L.s.)