IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE GENERATION OR DEVELOPMENT STORAGE DISTRIBUTION REGULATION AND UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICITY AND IN APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR OR IN CONNECTION THEREWITH "
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Stokes Williams of Riverton New Jersey United
States of America for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING
TO THE GENERATION OR DEVELOPMENT STORAGE DISTRIBUTION REGULATION
AND UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICITY AND IN APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED
THEREFOR OR IN CONNECTION THEREWITH
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Stokes Williams at
the Office of the Commissioners' of Patents on the 31st December 1883.
JOSEPH STOKES WILLIAMS of Riverton New Jersey United States of America.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE GENERATION OR DEVELOPMENT
STORAGE DISTRIBUTION REGULATION AND UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICITY AND IN
APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR OR IN CONNECTION THEREWITH."
The object of my Invention is to render practicable the application of the
improvements or some of them described in the Specifications of my former
Letters Patent and applications for Letters Patent herein referred to in combination
with gas works or producers for instance :-
To decompose or distil carbonaceous or vegetable material or compounds of these
with mineral constituents such as coal peat and natural deposits.
To recover the volatil products from coal peat refuse or compound substances
by the decomposition or distillation of the same with or without a subsequent
treatment of one or more of the residual products for the separation or recovery
of nitrogen as ammonia and the recovery of benzole.
To distil or decompose coal or carbonaceous material so as to produce gaseous
fuel.
To recover the nitrogen driven off from blast furnaces or other firing chambers
chimneys or retorts with the refuse products of combustion.
The recovery or utilization for various purposes and applications through the
medium of an electric current of the heat evolved by the combustion of coal or
fuel in the decomposition of minerals or in the decomposition of coal or

page_text: carbonaceous materials for any or all of the objects herein mentioned or for
supplying a system of gas mains and branches as in a city or for other purposes
from a gas-holder or direct from the producer simultaneously alternatively at
intervals or otherwise.
The electrical storage of the power recovered thermo electrically or by the
evolution of steam from the heat given off in the decomposition of the substance
or substances employed with the chambers channels or parts employed to effect the
decomposition or convey the products of combustion to the washers or chambers
for the recovery of the benzole naphtha tar and ammonia.
The decomposition or distillation of coal shale carbonacious nitrogenous
substances in compound with minerals or not, the automatic feeding or regulating
of such substances into the chambers or retorts, the automatic feeding or regulating
of air steam or water or combination of them into the decomposing chambers
the automatic regulating or feeding of the supply water when such is employed
at the base of the retorts to form a scale or prevent the burning of such portion
of the chamber. The automatic discharge or removal of the cinders or remnants
of the substances or compounds not carried off by the gases.
The mechanical feeding of the material to be decomposed and the mechanical
discharge and removal of the cinders.
The compounding of the producers and working mechanism forming part
therewith so that retort or chamber may be being fed or restored to working
condition while the other is in full operation.
The conduction of gases delivered from the decomposing chamber through pipes
to the ammonia recovery apparatus with or without first passing through the
part of the apparatus for the extraction or recovery of the benzole and from thence
to the firing chambers of boilers for supplying steam for the operation of machinery
or for the firing of furnaces or gas holders for storing the gases to the
distributing mains or parts of the apparatus for utilizing or consuming or
decomposing the gases, by heat or by gas electrical batteries My improvements
and applications herein provided are practicable in connection with the various
well known methods of distilling or decomposing mineral carbonaceous and
nitrogenous and liquid compounds.
I will describe an apparatus for converting coal a material and for separating or
recovering the products of combustion, viz:-gaseous fuel tar benzole ammonia
electric power.
At such place where the coal is conveyed to but preferably at the place where
mixed I establish the converting or producing plant such as the ordinary system
employed for the distillation of the coal and the distribution of gas. The main
decomposing chambers I form in somewhat the usual manner and employ a thermo
electric coil or thermo electric elements or series of them which surround the
decomposing chambers or chanuels for conveying the products of combustion.
These elements are arranged to be in electrical communication with the electro
chemical batteries or magazines compounded through the medium of commutators
operated electro magnetically, thermo electrically or by the shaft of a motor or
operated by a gas engine the gas being exploded electrically and preferably from
the electric magazine by time mechanism or otherwise or the thermo electric circuit
may be made direct to an electro gas magazine in which provision is made for the
decomposition of liquid solution or the thermo electric circuit may be completed to
compound induction or condensing devices through the medium of commutating or
switching devices and compound electrical connections or circuits so as to form
charging and discharging circuits. I conduct current or place the devices for
recovering the charge from the thermo-electric elements in circuit or circuits,
through the medium of the magazines condensing or induction devices or a
combination of them to which returos are made by earth or the reverse or by an
insulated return circuit and the working resistances throughout the system such as
the electrical magazines lamps heaters motors induction or condensing or other
appliances or a combination of them can be connected supplied and controlled in

page_text: such circuits in series or otherwise in derived or loop circuits of multiple series or
parallel circuit or in series multiple series or parallel circuit in loops from the main
circuit and the devices be controlled individually or in groups in a system however
extended as for the operation of railways tramways canals or for the storage of
power at fixed points or stations in or under any of the combinations or applications
as described in my applications for patents of the same date as this application as
well as and especially the combinations applications and improvements or parts
thereof described in the Specifications of one or more of the following Patents
or applications for Patents namely No 5233 Nov 30. 1881. No 5742 Dec 31 1881.
No 85 Jan 6 1882. No 224 Jan 16 1882. No 700 Feb 13 1882. No 766
Feby 16 1882. No 856 Feb. 22 1882. No 1174 Mar 10 1882. No 1556 Mar 30 1882.
No 2558 May 30 1882. No 4034 Aug 22 1882. No 24 Jan 1 1883. No. 2147
and 2148 April 27th 1883 and No 5109 and 5110 Oct 27th 1883 or any combination
thereof with the improvements herein described.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent and
of an Order of the Lord Chancellor filed by the said Joseph Stokes Williams
in the Patent Office on the 28th July 1884.
JOSEPH STOKES WILLIAMS, of Riverton, New Jersey, United States of America
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE GENERATION OR DEVELOPMENT
STORAGE DISTRIBUTION REGULATION AND UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICITY AND IN
APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR OR IN CONNECTION THEREWITH
"
The object of my invention is to render practicable the application of the
improvements or some of them described in the specifications of my former Letters
Patent herein referred to in combination with gas works or producers for
instance.
To decompose or distil carbonaceous or vegetable material or compounds of these
with mineral constituents such as coal peat and natural deposits.
To recover the volatile products from coal peat refuse or compound substances
by the decomposition or distillation of the same with or without a subsequent
treatment of one or more of the residual products for the separation or recovery of
nitrogen as ammonia and the recovery of Benzole.
To distil or decompose coal or carbonaceous material so as to produce gaseous
fuel.
To recover the nitrogen driven
blast furnaces or other firing
chambers chimneys or retorts with the refuse products of combustion
The recovery or utilization for various purposes and applications through the
medium of an electric circuit of the heat evolved by the combustion of coal or fuel
in the decomposition of minerals or in the decomposition of coals or carbonaceous
inaterials for any or all of the objects herein mentioned or for supplying a system
of gas mains and branches as in a City or for other purposes from a gas holder or
direct from the producers simultaneously alternatively at intervals or otherwise.
The electrical storage of the power recovered therino electrically or by the evolution
of steam from the heat given off in the decomposition of the substance or substances
employed with the chambers channels or parts employed to effect the decomposition
causing the products of combustion to the washers or chambers for the recovery of
the benzole naphtha tar and ammonia. The decomposition or distillation of coal
shale carbonaceous nitrogeneous substances in compound with minerals or not the
automatic feeding or regulation of such substances into the chambers or retorts the
automatic feeding or regulating of air steam or water or combination of them into
the decomposing chambers the automatic regulating or feeding of the supply water
when such is employed at the base of the retorts to form a seal or prevent the
burning of such portion of the chamber. The automatic discharge or removal of
the cinders or remnants of the substance or compounds not carried off by the gases.
The mechanical feeding of the material to be decomposed and the mechanical
discharge and removal of the cinders. The compounding of the producers and
working mechanism forming part therewith so that one retort or chamber may be
being fed or restored to working condition while the other is in full operation.
The conduction of gases delivered from the decomposing chamber through pipes to
the ammonia recovering apparatus with or without first passing through the part
of the apparatus for the extraction or recovery of the benzole and from thence to
the firing chambers of boilers for supplying steam for the operation of machinery
or for the firing of furnaces or gas holders for storing the gas to the distributing
mains or parts of the apparatus for utilizing or consuming or decomposing the gas
by heat or by gas electrical batteries.
My improvements and applications herein provided are practicable in connection
with the various well known methods of distilling or decomposing mineral
carbonaceous and nitrogeneous and liquid compounds.

page_text: I will describe an apparatus for converting coal or material and for separating
or recovering the products of combustion viz gaseous fuel tar benzole ammonia
electric power.
At such place as where the coal is conveyed to but preferably at the place where
mixed I establish the converting or producing plant such as the ordinary system
employed for the distillation of the coal and the distribution of gas. The main
decomposing chamber I form in somewhat the usual manner and employ a thermo
electric coil or thermo electric elements or series of them which surround the
decomposing chambers or channels for conveying the products of combustion.
These elements are arranged to be in electrical communication with electro chemical
batteries or magazines, through the medium of commutators operated electro
magnetically thermo electrically by the shaft of a motor or operated by a gas
engine the gas being exploded electrically and preferably from the electric
magazines by time mechanism or otherwise or the thermo electric circuit may be
made direct to an electro gas magazine in which provision is made for the
decomposition of liquid solution or the thermo electric circuit may be completed to
compound induction or condensing devices through the medium of commutating or
switching devices and compound electrical connections or circuits so as to form
charging and discharging circuits I conduct the current or place the devices for
receiving the charge from the thermo electric elements in circuit in communication
with the main distributing circuit or circuits through the medium of the magazines
condensing or induction devices or a combination of them to which returns are
made by earth or the reverse or by an insulated return circuit and the working
resistances throughout the system such as the electrical magazines lamps heaters
motors induction or condensing or other appliances or a combination of them can
be connected supplied and controlled in such circuits in series or otherwise in
derived or loop circuit of multiple series or parallel circuit in loops from the main
circuit and the devices be controlled individually or in groups in a system however
extended as for the operation of railways tramways canals or for the storage of
power at fixed points or stations in or under any of the combinations or applications.
as described in my applications for Patents of this date as well as and especially
the combinations applications and improvements or parts thereof described in one
or more of the following Patents namely No 700 dated 13th February A.D. 1882
N° 766 dated 16 February A,D, 1882 N° 856 dated 22nd February A.D. 1882
N° 1174 dated 10th March A.D. 1882 N° 1556 dated 30th March A.D. 1882
No 2558 dated 30th May A.D. 1882 N° 4034 dated 22nd August A D 1882 N° 24
dated 1st January A.D. 1883 N° 2147 dated 27th April 1883 N° 5709 dated
27th October A.D. 1883 and N° 5110 dated 27th October A.D. 1883.
(a) By reference to various figures of the drawings and the improvements herein
shewn or described it will be seen that I have provided for operating an electrical
system or apparatus for lighting heating motive power traction and other purposes
in conjunction with plant adapted for the following purposes
1 For the production of illuminating gas and the various secondary or bye
products
2 For the production of oils paraffin and the accompanying products
3 For the production of heating gas with or without the recovery therefrom of
ammonia tar &c
4 For the reduction of ores of the metals or for the separation of metals from one
another
5 For melting glass iron or steel or other metals or substances
6 For decomposing evaporating or chemical processes.
7 For heating or working or refining iron steel copper or other substances
8 For burning or glazing bricks pottery pipes tiles or similar material
9 For raising steam
10 For calcining limestone and other materials
(b) In Figures II at X I have shewn a system of electrical circuits or a system of
electrical distribution in which the electrical appliances therein or adapted to

page_text: operate in conjunction therewith or be supplied therefrom are furnished with
electric power generated or developed by the electric producers or generators
adapted to be operative so as to utilize the waste heat or power from gas producers,
and other plant as herein described.
In sheets A A' I have shewn an apparatus in which the following elements are
employed one or more gas producers 65 the fuel for which is supplied through
hoppers by means of automatic feeding gear do operated automatically by
shafts e and gearing f' from the engine g³ The main shafts also operate
gearing which is connected with mechanism 25 for automatically expelling ashes
and clinkers or refuse material from the producers 6 This mechanism consists
preferably of worms or screws working in troughs k filled with water at the base
of the producer 66 by which the refuse is cooled before being withdrawn so that
but little heat is carried from the producers thereby The steam formed by the
evaporation of a portion of this water adds by its decomposition to the combustible
gas of the producer.
Air for combustion or decomposition of the fuel is admitted to the producers by
steam jet blowers & controlled by valves m³ and the mixture of steam and air
passes by pipes n³ into the centre of the producers near the bottom through the
boxes or tuyeres o (not shewn) The combustible gasses pass away from the
producers b by branch pipes p* to the gas mains 95.
(c) I have shewn the channels or pipes 25-q³ surrounded or formed of thermo
electric elements 76 88 different arrangements of these elements being shown at a
and a The elements are shewn in figure a with their terminals-or cold
junctions or parts formed by radiatory plates to which can be arranged in any
suitable place so as to admit of the free circulation of air or other cooling medium
the terminals or extensions from these plates to may extend to a grouping box-
through the medium of which the elements r³ so may be connected in series or
parallel circuit as desired-as they are shewn insulated from each other at u³.
(d) In Figure a7 the elements 586 are shewn connected electrically at the
radiating flanges vb in such a manner that the elements are adapted to operate in
the circuit in series-In order to operate with the low force currents developed by
such elements I employ induction or condensing devices c. 36 which are adapted
to be connected with the elements 586 through medium of a switching or
commutating device d which is preferably adapted to be operated electrically
through the medium of an electro magnetic or electric translating device as
described so that the compound circuits to the compound condensers or induction
devices c 36 will be charged intermittently alternatively or consecutively in such
a manner that when one set of the devices c 36 is in the circuit with the thermo
elements the other device or devices c. 36 will be in connection with the main
circuit a or other discharging or working circuit
(e) In order to increase the force of the current in the circuit a or other discharging
circuit from the condensers or induction devices c. 36 above the force of the current
from the thermo elements-I employ compound terminals from the elements of the
devices c 36 and arrange the contact plates or plungers operated by or operated
upon by or combined with the switching device d in such a manner as to short
circuit the elements of the devices c 36 when in the charging circuit with the
thermo elements or in other words to place them in parallel or multiple series
circuit with the thermo electric elements and at the same time to place the other
set of elements of the device or devices c in connection with the main a or other
working circuit in series
(f) Instead of employing the compound devices c. 36 I can employ a simple
induction coil, the primary circuit of which consists of a multiple of conductors
or circuits or a single conductor of sufficiently low resistance to be suited to the
low force current from the thermo elements-the secondary coil being suited to
develop a current of such increased intensity as to be adapted for transmission
through or for utilization from the main circuit a or in the desired circuits 6.

page_text: (g) In order to provide for varying the conductivity from the thermo elements to
the device or devices c. 36 I employ an automatic regulator 5* which device is
shewn adapted to be brought into operation by the current passing through a loop
(in which the solenoid of the device 5*. is included) which is connected with the
discharging or working circuit from the device or devices c. 36-through the circuit
closer operated by the device 5*.
(h) The action of this device is therefore as follows-when it is desired to bring
the device c into operation it is necessary for a circuit to be completed by the loop
containing the solenoid of the device 5-through the discharging circuit from the
devices c 36 by such means the armature of the devices 5* is drawn down by the
solenoid and thereby completes the circuit from the source to the electro magnetic
device combined with the switching device d and thereby sets such device in action
which brings the devices c. 36 into action which is maintained so long as there is
any current being used in or for the discharging circuit from the device c 36
It will be seen that by the action of the solenoid of the device 5* that the loop
circuit which brings such device into operation at first, is broken and is so
maintained by one of the circuit closers operated by the armature of the solenoid→
so long as any current is being used in or from the discharging circuit of the
device c 36 as the solenoid is shewn included in a loop of the discharging circuit of
the device c. 36 which arrangement provides for energizing the solenoid in
accordance with the current passing through the discharging circuit from the
device c 36 and consequently the variable resistance carried by the armature of the
solenoid of the device 5* will vary the conductivity of the supply circuit to the
device or devices c 36 in accordance with the variation of resistance or the current
passing through the circuit a or discharging circuit from the device c. 36 and when
the discharging circuit from the device c. 36 is interrupted the solenoid ceases to be
energized and the circuit to the device or devices c. 36 is immediately interrupted
and the device I and the electro magnetic device combined therewith is thrown out
of action
(i) The other set of terminals are adapted to be thrown into connection with the
discharging circuit of the device c through the medium of the circuit closer 5** the
action being that so long as the current is passing from the source to the device c
that the circuit closer is acted upon by the current passing the solenoid or electro
magnetic or electric translating device combined therewith but so soon as the
current is stopped from passing to the device c from any cause whatever the
circuit to the motor is closed with the loop from the discharging circuit and
remains so closed until the current is again passed through the charging circuit
thereto which causes the solenoid to become energized and to act upon the
armature carrying the circuit closers.
(k) In combination with or instead of employing the devices c 36 I sometimes
employ the device cas electro chemical batteries or magazines compounded through
the medium of the device d which is shewn adapted to be operated through the
medium of the electric device & which is shewn included a derived or looped circuit
The devices c are shewn provided with compound terminals extending to the
device d which is provided with suitable contact plates pieces or plungers which
are so arranged as to provide for one set of the elements of the devices c being
connected in parallel or multiple series circuit with the elements of the thermo
elements when one set (or more sets) of the elements of the device c is connected
with the main a or discharging circuit connected in series.
The device d is shewn included in a loop with compound terminals as described
one set of which provides for the device à being operated by the current passed
through the charging circuit to the device c.
The device d is shown combining with a centrifugal pump 14 with inlet thereto
from a reservoir containing liquid for instance mercury and with the discharging
pipe therefrom extending to a reservoir 16 in which the terminals of a loop (in
which the solenoid 11 combined with the circuit closer on the charging circuit is

page_text: adapted to operate) from the charging circuit extends; at 31 I have shewn a valve
combined with a solenoid 30 included in the circuit or branch thereof from the
device c and I have also shewn a return pipe from the reservoir 16 to the reservoir
from which the inlet pipe to the pump on device 14 extends and I have also shown
a small turbine or hydraulic motor in the return pipe This motor is shewn
adapted to operate upon the registering devices 15 for measuring the current
passed into the magazine c I have shewn device 42. 43. 44, 5 in the charging
circuit to and in the discharging circuit from the magazines c and I have also
shewn a switching device & to which the terminals of the device c extend so as to
provide for varying the internal resistance of such device as desired.
The functions of these devices are fully described in my former Letters Patent
and I summarize them as follows 42. 43. 44 act as pressure regulators and provide
for short circuiting the current in accordance with the excess of pressure,
5 is a variable resistance or regulating device adapted to vary the conductivity
of the supply circuit in accordance with the variation of resistance or the variations
in the work done in the working circuit with or without being adapted to provide
for reducing the force of the current in such circuit
(n) I have shewn in sheet A³ combined with the apparatus (as will be understood
from the description herein given) ammonia recovery plant as connected with the
gas main q by the pipe w which extends to the chambers which are shewn
connected with the chambers or retorts y for the production of sulphurous acid
gas by the decomposition of materials containing sulphur the air supply for such
combustion being supplied by steam jet blowers 2 or by fans or blowing engines
(not shewn) through pipes as. The sulphurous acid is conveyed by pipes a to a
chamber where it is allowed to mix with the gas from the mains q³ in order to
fix the ammonia contained in such gas before it enters the scrubbing towers.
(o) are scrubbing towers of. convenient form through which water or liquor is
made to circulate until any desired degree of saturation is attained by means of a
suitable arrangement of pumps de pipes e and tanks fo the gas after being
scrubbed for the removal of the compounds of ammonia and of the tar with or
without additional cooling may be passed back into the mains q³ and conveyed
either to reservoirs or holders ge or by branches or mains he to furnaces or thermo
generators or other appliances where it is used for generating heat by its com-
bustion with air or oxygen or to gas engines for producing motive power or steam
boilers fired by gas from the branches or mains he or q³ the supply of gas being
regulated by gas valves je the steam may be utilized for working the steam
engines a° or for working the steam jet blowers 15 2° or for the working of thermo
electric generators or other apparatus. At ke is shewn a furnace for heating metals
or for other purposes fired by gas from the mains or branch mains he or q³ through
a gas valve je the products of combustion escaping by means of a chimney flue 16
and I preferably pass the heated gases from such flue over thermo electric elements
or through suitable chambers containing water or liquid which is caused to
circulate over or in such a manner as to provide for heating the thermo elements
as will be understood by reference to the various figures of the drawings and the
descriptions herein
(P) I have shewn in Sheet A¹ or described with reference thereto various electrical
appliances or means in combination with or adapted to operate in combination
with ammonia, tar recovery and gas producer plant for utilizing the waste heat
from the gases passing through the channels p q from the producers 6 to the
scrubbers and to the reservoir go boilers is thermo generators or furnaces ke
(Q) I have shewn detached views a and a7 of the channels q³, p³ under one
arrangement for utilizing such channels for thermo electric generators.
I have shewn the scrubbers also surrounded by formed of or combined with
thermo electric elements the operation of which will be understood from the
description given with reference to a a7. These thermo electric elements are shown
provided with extensions or terminals formed of or with radiating plates to as
described. The terminals from or formed by or with the plates or parts t³ are

page_text: shown connected with the devices through the medium of a switching or
commutating device d which is preferably adapted to be operated automatically by
the electro magnetic or electric translating device combined with the device d
through an armature or moving part which is operated upon by the current passing
through the circuit of the electro magnet or solenoid or other electric translating
device employed for such purpose the operation of which will be readily understood
the arrangement being such as to provide for utilizing the current developed from
such thermo electric producer or generator in the circuit therewith in one or more
of the devices c while one or more of the said devices is or are discharging into
the main circuit a or other working circuit. The discharging circuit from the
devices c may extend to or provide for supplying a system of electrical circuits and
electrical devices therein as herein described or illustrated. Various arrangements
and combinations of appliances for utilizing electric power being described with
reference to various figures at X and others of the drawings
(7) In operating the gas producing ammonia recovery and the thermo electric
apparatus I preferably provide means for regulating the introduction of air and
steam to the combustion chambers of the producers 65 in accordance with the
temperature or pressure of the gas in the mains q³ or with the rate or speed of
decomposition This may be accomplished in various ways for instance I may
combine with the governor of the engine which works the automatic charging and
cleaning gear a mechanical or electrical connection a mechanical connection being
indicated by b*. This connection is shewn combined with the valve or regulator m³
of the steam jet blowers . When I control the inlet of the steam jet blower 15
electrically I combine the valve m³ with the moveable part or armature of an
electro magnetic or electric translating device in the circuit of which I employ a
variable resistance which may be combined with or adapted to be operated upon
by the governor 6** of the engine q³ or in some cases I provide for controlling the
valve m³ and an independent valve or cut off 6*** adapted to operate in the supply
pipe c* to the engine q the electric circuit to the devices 6*** and m³ can be
adapted to be operated upon by a variable resistance combined with a thermostat,
thermo regulating or pressure regulating device which indicates the temperature or
pressure of the gases passing out of or through the pipes or channels from the
producer and in some cases I combine with such regulating devices the valve 2°
adapted to operate upon and regulate the operation of the steam jet blower 15 in
the inlet pipe a to the sulphurous acid chamber ✗° so as to regulate the quantity
of sulphurous acid mixed with the gas from the producers for the purpose of
thoroughly fixing the ammonia in such gas.
The pumps at de are shewn connected with the engine g³ and with the scrubbers
or washers X³ the pipes e being the inlet and discharge pipes from the pumps a
those shewn in dotted lines being the inlet pipes. I have shown these scrubbers
compounded through the medium of these pipes and have shown in connection
therewith a compound reversing gear or cut off c* combined with valves c³ This
compound arrangement of scrubbers and apparatus may be intermittently operated
or reversed in its action so as to provide for pumping into one of the scrubbers x³
from one of the tanks or reservoirs f when the liquor in the others is being drawn
off or becomes saturated to the desired degree with the ammonia salt which
saturation may be tested by hydrometers which may be combined with a cut off or
reversing mechanism between the pumps do and the tanks fo so as to be adapted
to throw the reservoir fe out of connection with the pumps when the liquor
therein becomes saturated. This may be accomplished by the employment of an
electro magnetic or electric translating device combined with such mechanism and
combined with the hydrometer through the medium of an electric circuit which is
adapted to be interrupted or closed by a contact maker or breaker upon or
operated upon by the hydrometer the action of the hydrometer being dependant
upon the degree of saturation of the liquor in the tanks f it will be understood
that the tanks containing the liquor saturated to the desired degree will be thrown
out of connection with the pumps de automatically.

page_text: (s) I have shewn in connection with the scrubbing chambers regulating
valves c✶✶ in the Chambers c and c* I have also shown a valve q* adapted to
operate in the main channel 95 so as to provide for passing the gases through the
scrubbers x or not as may be desired
(t). I have shown a channel he (with a valve therein) extending so as to be
adapted to supply the gas to the boilers or a furnace or thermo electric generator
or a combination of these . I have shown other valves in the sub-branch
from the channel h6 connected with the channel q5 which valves I preferably
combine with other devices to provide for the automatic regulation of the gas
admitted to the firing chambers of the boilers for raising steam or causing the
circulation of liquid or for generating heat for use through the medium of thermo
electric generators or furnaces ke or a combination of such devices.
(u) Various arrangements may be employed for this purpose for instance the
pressure guages of the steam boilers may be combined with the valves for the
introduction of gas to the firing chambers and such pressure guages may be
combined with throttle valves for regulating the supply of air to the firing
chambers of the boilers or the firing chambers of the thermo electric generators or
the furnaces and I may employ the improvements described in some of my
former Letters Patent herein mentioned for instance I may combine with these
valves and the valves for regulating the supply of air electric translating devices
electro magnetically thermo electrically or otherwise electrically governed or
operated. Under such method of operating I am enabled to combine such
apparatus or apparatus supplied thereby with an apparatus or system of electrical
circuits or an electrical system of distribution for lighting, heating, motive power,
traction supplying vessels with electric power and other purposes as described
herein as well as in my former Letters Patent and regulate or proportion the
consumption of fuel in accordance with the consumption or utilization of electric
power in a system however extended and I am also enabled by such means to
maintain the apparatus for instance the boilers the thermo electric generators
or furnaces in practically a uniform working condition as will be understood
from the description herein given for instance in case the engines a° which are
shown supplied from the boilers through the pipes i* shall be combined with
dynamo or magneto electric machines for supplying electric power to a system of
electric circuits the variation of resistance in the circuit of such generator will
provide the means for operating upon a throttling valve ** adapted to operate in
the steam pipes to the engine so that the position of such valve will be controlled
and the steam throttled in accordance with the variation of resistance or the
variation of the work being done through the medium of the electric translating
devices in the electric circuit from the generators and by means of the governor b**
the speed of the engine can be maintained at a practically uniform rate not-
withstanding there may be wide variations in the consumption of electric power
developed by the generator operated by the engine a° but I prefer to employ in
the discharging circuit of a generator so operative the compound devices c herein
described so as to provide a reserve of electric power and regulate the force of the
current between such producing plant and the translating or working resistances
or devices supplied from such producing station or from the working or derived
circuits b connected with the main circuit a or both or in some cases I employ
devices c 36 in the circuit of the generator and by the employment of the regulating
or variable resistance device 5* which is adapted to operate upon the circuit
between the generator and the devices c36 in accordance with the variation of
resistance in the discharging circuit from the device c. 36 such variable resistance 5*
will provide the means for throttling the steam through the medium of the
valve ** The dynamo or magneto electric generators are shewn in a detached
figure connected directly with the shaft of a rotary engine a° and in the discharging
circuit from the said generator. I have shown a regulating device 5 at 60
provided with a variable resistance at 61 so as to provide for varying the
conductivity of the circuit in which the electric translating device combined with

page_text: C
the valve ** is included as indicated by letters of reference I thereby provide for
controlling the steam in its passage to the working parts of the engine in accordance
with the variation of resistance in the external circuit and as the pressure valve of
the boiler as before described is combined with the throttling valves j and the
valves for admission of the air the consumption of fuel will be regulated and
varied in accordance with the variation of resistance in the external circuit
of the generator or in accordance with the work being done in such circuit or
when such such circuit is connected with or supplies a system of electrical
reservoirs c which are provided with automatic cut offs j 16 or j 32. the useless
consumption of steam and of fuel will be obviated as the devices c when they
become fully charged are cut out from the charging circuit of the generator and the
consumption of power is only such as to provide for maintaining such cut off
device in operation so as to interrupt or vary the conductivity of the charging
circuit to the device c The circuit of the generator may be combined with the
devices c at the generating or producing source and the main circuits a¹*, a may
be connected with the discharging circuits of the device c 36 or I may connect the
generator with the device c in the circuit to which the device 5* is adapted to
operate the discharging circuit of the device c. 36 being connected with the main
circuit a*, a which circuit is preferably so combined with the device 5* as to
provide for varying the resistance in the charging circuit between the generators
or source and the devices c 36 in circuit therewith in accordance with the resistance
or variation of resistance in the discharging circuit of the device c thereby causing
a corresponding reaction upon the controlling devices for regulating or varying
the admission of steam to the working parts of the engine which in turn reacts
upon the pressure devices of the boiler which are combined with the fuel and air
supply I may provide a similar arrangement of apparatus for governing the
admission of gas to the cylinders of a gas engine where means are employed for
maintaining the pressure in the gas reservoir for supply to the gas engines. In
such cases I preferably employ means (for instance pumping device and chamber
for the compression of gas which may be combined with or adapted to be operated
by the engine itself) between the gas supply holder g or the mains and the
working parts of the gas engine so as to provide for working with the gas from the
chamber holding the compressed gas and by the employment of a pressure regulator
combined therewith I provide for regulating the supply.
(v) In order to provide for utilizing the gas from the producers or mains q³ or
gasholders go for the direct transformation of the heat developed by the combustion
of the gas into electric force through the medium of thermo electric generators.
I preferably employ the improvements described in my former Letters Patent and
especially described in Patent No 700 of 1882. by which I regulate the temperature
of the thermo electric elements and regulate the consumption of gas or other fuel
in accordance therewith or in accordance with the variation of resistance or the
conservation of electric power in the electrical circuits of the system combined
therewith In carrying this into practice I provide throttling valves in the gas
channels h or branches therefrom connected with the mains q or to the holder g
(these supply pipes and devices are shown in the various figures of the drawings in
combination with various forms of gas producing plant and are also shown in
combination with ammonia tar benzol and oil recovery plant) which are adapted
to be controlled by devices which are combined with the heating chambers of the
thermo elements or are adapted to be rendered operative dependant upon the
temperature of such elements or the chambers or channels or parts connected
therewith or the gases or liquids used in heating the same for instance I can
employ a closed chamber in which mercury is contained with a piston or diaphragm
or Hoat secured in or or with such chamber such diaphragm or float being con-
nected with the valves as at jo through the medium of suitable mechanism with the
throttling valves adapted to operate in the channels through which the gas and air
are admitted to the heating chambers or instead of connecting such device as
indicates the condition or temperature of the thermo electric generator mechanically

page_text: with the throttling valves for regulating the admission of gas and air I may
provide for such indicating device being adapted to operate upon or with a variable
resistance which provides for operating in or upon an electric circuit in which
an electric translating device (electro magnetically or otherwise operative)
combined with the throttling valve is adapted to operate and in order to provide
for regulating the consumption of gas and the admission of air to the firing
chambers of the thermo electric generator in accordance with the variation of
resistance in the external or working circuit I employ one or more electric trans-
lating devices combined with throttling devices (for regulating the admission of
air and gas) such electric translating devices can be combined with or adapted
to be operated by the current passing through the external or working circuit in
such a manner as to regulate the quantity of air and gas consumed in exact
accordance with the consumption or utilization of electric force in such circuit.
I preferably employ the devices c in the circuit between the therino electric
generator and the translating or working circuits which device c I have shown in
various figures of the drawings as combined with the elements of the thermo generator
through the medium of the switching device d to which compound circuits from
the elements of the device c extend. It will be understood with reference to the
description of the device c and the devices adapted to operate in the charging
circuit thereto or in conjunction therewith that the devices c will be cut out of the
circuit with the elements of the thermo electric generator when some predetermined
amount of electric energy is stored in the device c and in order to provide for
decreasing or stopping the consumption of gas and air when the device c shall
become fully charged or in other words when there ceases to be any consumption
in the electrical apparatus or system I employ or combine with the cut off for
cutting the device c out of the circuit when charged devices or means to operate
upon the throttling valves regulating the admission of gas and air to the combustion
chamber of the thermo electric elements such devices for so controlling the
throttling valves may be operated mechanically or electrically dependent upon the
character of the automatic cut off devices employed for interrupting the circuit to
the device c. In some cases I employ the device c. 36 connected with the elements
of the thermo electric generator and in such case the variable resistance or
regulating device 5* can be combined with the throttling valves to the combustion
chamber of the thermo electric generators the action of which will be understood
from the description herein given such thermo electric generators and parts adapted
to operate in conjunction therewith may be adapted to operate in combination with
any suitable arrangements of electric circuits and electric translating devices and
other appliances for the distribution and utilization of electric currents in or under
any of the combinations or applications described herein.
(w) I have shewn in various figures of the drawings an arrangement of thermo
electric elements adapted for the utilization of heated gases escaping from furnaces
or firing chambers and for the utilization of the heat or waste heat given off in the
processes of decomposing evaporating condensing, scrubbing melting reducing or
extracting or heating metals and in the separation of the various products from
shale coal or other carbonaceous material or compounds therewith
(x) At Sheet A² is shewn a section of a regenerative furnace in which are 'the
regenerative chambers for storing the waste heat and heating the air and gas used
for combustion each pair being alternately put in communication with the inlet
and outlet parts of the furnace by means of reversing valves the waste products of
combustion escaping by the chimney flue / 6.
is the inlet for the gas from the producers or gas mains and I combine
therewith thermo electric elements in connection with the flues or channels
therefrom and utilize the waste heat for the development of electric
currents which I provide for utilizing through the medium of a system of
electrical circuits and appliances as described in or under any of the
combinations or applications herein illustrated or described.

page_text: Sheet A' I have shewn the arrangement of apparatus for treating the waste
gases escaping from blast furnaces in the manufacture of iron and for utilizing the
waste or surplus heat From the closed top of the blast furnace me a vertical
pipe no rises to lead off the gases. This pipe leads by a horizontal pipe o* and
down comes p to the gas mains q which collect the gas from a series of furnaces.
Communicating with this main are sets of atmospheric condensor pipes +5 86
which have the usual bottom tar collecting troughs fo and from these or other
suitable condensers the gas passes by pipes 88 into the lower parts of a number of
scrubbing towers or columns x³. water is admitted at the top of the scrubbing
towers and dripping downwards as the gas proceeds upwards, absorbs ammonia
and other soluble volatile impurities from the gas. The water collecting at the
bottom of the tower passes off by a syponed outlet u to a depositing tank v
which tarry matter can be drawn off by a lower outlet w to a tank ƒ which also
receives the tar deposited in the liquor tank vª.
The purified gas passes from the tops of the scrubbing column by pipes q³ to
one or more blowing fans 20 which by its exhaust action causes the gas to be
properly drawn through the separating or purifying apparatus and which delivers
the purified gas into a return or distributing main
In Sheets A³ A' I have shewn various portions of the plant usually employed in
gas works for the production of illuminating gas Figure 1 shews a sectional
elevation of the retort setting in which are the retorts the vertical exit pipes
for the gas from the retorts n the dip pipes o8 the hydraulic mains and q the gas
mains leading therefrom to the other parts of the apparatus employed q8 are
portions of the furnace for heating the retorts and the flue leading the waste
products of combustion from the furnaces to the chimney
Figure 2 is a vertical atmospheric condensor with the usual tar collecting boxes
or chambers below-Fig 3 another form of condensor with vertical pipes and
diagonal connections from the tar boxes to the tops of the pipes sometimes used and
Fig 4 horizontal condensers
Fig 5 shows a form of washer u³ being the inlet pipe and the exit for gas
which is made to bubble through the water escaping by perforations in the
dashboard y³.
shows a scrubbing tower or column consisting of a metal casing fitted with
pieces of coke charcoal or mineral matter b.º through which the gas passes upwards
while water and liquor are allowed to trickle downwards in contact with the gas
in order to dissolve and remove soluble impurities.
At Figure 7 is shown an apparatus for the extraction of Benzol and other
volatile hydrocarbons from the gases derived from the distillation partial
combustion or decomposition of coal or shale. The gas evolved from the distillation
of coal or from coal shale or from coke ovens or from gas producers or from any
other source containing benzol or other light hydro-carbon vapours are conducted
by the pipe or main he and compressed by means of an engine and compressing
apparatus do.
While compressed they are cooled in the cooling chamber e. from which they are
passed into the expansion chamber fo. After having their temperature further
lowered by this means they are led to the tower g. and washers h. where the
benzol is absorbed by oil
In Sheet As I have shown an arrangement of gas producing plant which may be
used in connection with the working of gas engines or for other purposes.
65 are gas producers q' are pipes or mains couducing the gas from the producers
to cooling and scrubbing towers or columns 2³ and ho are mains conducting the
cooled and washed gas to suitable holders or distributing apparatus
Where coke or anthracite coal is used in such plant there are no tarry hydro-
carbons to be separated by condensation and in that case atmospheric or other
condensers need not be used. The ordinary or improved methods may be combined
with this plant.

page_text: '
At Sheet As I have shewn a typical arrangement of plant for the distillation or
'decomposition of Shale Coal or other mineral for the production of oil, paraffin
Sulphate of ammonia and other products.
f7, is the retort bench the retorts shewn being of the vertical kind p³ is the exit
pipe for the oil vapours and gases q³ the main distributing pipe leading to the air
condensers 7 from which the gases are drawn by the fans or exhausters and by
which they are forced through the scrubbing towers x. The tar and liquors are
collected in tanks f6 and the scrubbed gases are led back to the retort bench by
the pipes he where they are used to heat the retorts by their combustion-or they
may used for the heating of thermo elements by their combustion or for supplying
gas electrical batteries, as well as other purposes.
Figures 3 and 4 shew the general arrangement of oil refining plant n being
washers in which the crude oil is treated with sulphuric acid and with caustic soda
and agitated by air forced into the liquid at the bottom by the air compressor o7.
p is an iron tank into which the purified oil is forced for charging the still q.7.
The still is an iron pot built in a brickwork oven 2.7 and heated by a furnace s..
t.' is the worm or condenser u. the separator which acts as an interim receiver
of the distilled oil and from which it is run according to its quality into receiving
tanks v.7.
Fig 5 shews the apparatus for extracting the crude paraffin w. are shallow iron
tanks in which the lubricating oil and paraffin pumped from the receiving tanks v
in Figures 3 and 4 are cooled by the air until paraffin crystallizes 7 is a freezing
machine and cooling drain for cooling the oil for the separation of paraffin scale.
y is a pump for forcing the oil and paraffin into the filter press z. an a.³ is a
hydraulic press for separating oil from the solid paraffin. 68 is a melting tank for
the solid paraffin and paraffin scale. c8 Figure 6 is a melting tank into which the
paraffin scale from c8 Figure 5 is blown-d³ are cooling tins into which the melted
paraffin after treatment with naphtha and settling in care run-e8 is a hydraulic
press for drying the paraffin f is a melting pot in which the dried paraffin is
melted gs is a still in which it is steamed until no naphtha passes over through
the worm his is a tank into which the steamed paraffin is run and in which it
is mixed with bone charcoal from which it is passed through the filter and it is
then run into cooling pans k³.
At X I have shown in diagrammatic view an arrangement of electric currents
and devices employed in connection there with for the distribution regulation
measurement and utilization of electric energy In this apparatus or system of
electrical distribution I have shewn means for utilizing the earth railway lines or
tracks water and gas conductors or water channels or an insulated conductor or
portion of the circuit which may be connected with the substrata or watercourses
by extensions from the metallic portions of the circuit to or in connection with
the uninsulated portion These extensions may be adapted to be led to the
substrata by boring or otherwise so as to provide for conducting transmitting or
inducing electric currents so as to cause them to flow into or through a return
insulated conductor or conductors The uninsulated conductor or portion of the
circuit is indicated at a¹* and the main insulated return circuit or circuits is
or are indicated at a I have shown at various points the translating devices
or working resistances (such as electric lamps heaters motors electric magazines
storing accumulating converting commutating reversing regulating resistance
and cut off and measuring devices) adapted to operate in a circuit or derived
circuit or circuits from the earth or uninsulated conductor or conductors al*
to the insulated or return conductor a or from an electric magazine or magazines
or accumulating device or devices as at c or condensing or induction devices
as at c 36 or a combination of them adapted to be charged through the
medium of the current conducted or induced from the earth or uninsulated
circuit a¹* The translating devices are shewn adapted to operate in such
circuits in multiple arc multiple series or parallel circuit or series and upon a loop

page_text: or a series of loops from the main or derived circuit (the multiple arc circuits being
indicated at a the multiple series circuits at u³ the series circuits at a³ so as to
provide for the independent working of the translating devices to be utilized or
operated in such circuit or circuits through the medium of automatically operative
switching devices (as at 5 for instance) In some cases I provide for regulating
the current flowing through these circuits by these automatically operative and
variable resistances 5 or by the induction or condensing devices c 36 or the storing
or accumulating devices c or any combination of them I sometimes so construct
or arrange the accumulating or storing devices c or the induction devices c 36 or
any combination of them as to provide for charging one or more of their parts
while one or more other parts thereof may be discharging into the working or
translating circuit or circuits or the main circuit or circuits a And I sometimes
provide switching reversing commutating or automatic cut off devices or
mechanism as at d 16 32 or 20 or a combination of them (or as shewn in and
described with reference to other figures of the drawings) operated by hand
electrically or otherwise and adapted to operate in such a manner as to provide for
cutting out or regulating the charging and prevent the over charging of the
accumulating storing or converting or regulating devices as at c which are so
constructed or combined in the circuits as to provide for regulating the discharge
into the translating or working circuit or circuits or adapted to hold energy in
reserve at fixed points or places for the purpose of charging other reservoirs or
magazines c, either stationary or portable or both or adapted to supply the energy
for the propulsion of vehicles trains or other devices equipped with electric
appliances and adapted to move or be operated from or over fixed or determined
points or places Such devices may be adapted to provide for the translation of
such energy into motive or other power or into light or heat or for any one or more
of such purposes through the medium of motors brake blocks or appliances having
connected or combined with them electro magnetic devices electric lamps (either
arc or incandescent or heaters or other electric translating devices coupled in
multiple series-series or otherwise as desired I provide for utilizing the energy
at stationary or fixed points or places throughout a district or a series of districts
or throughout a city along railway lines at stations or in connection with
signalling appliances and moveable mechanism required or applicable along the
lines for the shunting of trains or the crossing of trains from one line into or over
to another line or any number of lines at junctions or stations or any combination
of such mechanism or devices with signalling devices at one or more or a series of
stations or places And by the employment of the rails of the line connected with
or forming part of an uninsulated circuit which is adapted to be completed through
an insulated circuit the circuit may be completed so as to provide for the
reservoirs c or other devices forming part of the equipment of the vehicles or
other portable objects or devices operating as a working resistance or resistances for
the conservation or utilization of the current caused to flow from the uninsulated
portion of the circuit a¹* from the magazines or accumulating devices cor
induction devices c 36 charged therefrom through the electric circuit or circuits
of the vehicle when such circuit or circuits is or are electrically connected
with the element or elements of the working resistance or resistances connected
in series parallel circuit or otherwise with the main insulated return conductor
or a derived circuit therefrom or from an independent circuit or circuits from
the magazines or accumulating devices c or induction devices c36 or any
combination of them adapted to provide for the conservation accumulation or
induction of electric energy in such independent circuit or circuits The main
insulated conductor or conductors is or are connected with the element or elements
of the generator g or series of them or with the electric magazine or magazines or
accumulating devices c or with the induction or condensing devices c36 or a
combination of them at the generating or distributing station or stations a* in
such a manner as to cause the current to flow from the uninsulated portion a¹*
thereof at one or more points through the medium of one or more connections

page_text: derived circuit branches or sub branches so as to provide for the distribution and
utilization of power in such circuits preferably through the medium of conserving
or accumulating devices c or condensing or induction or converting devices c 36
along lines or independent or separate districts adapted solely for the purposes of
the railway or the purposes of traction over fixed or determined lines or places or
adapted to form part of or operate in conjunction with a fixed electrical system of
distribution for the production of light heat or motive power for the electro
disposition or heating of metal ores or other materials or for the reduction or
extraction of metal or metals from metallic ores or for other purposes or any
combination of them) in combination with portable objects such as trams vehicles
vessels boats torpedoes or signalling appliances adapted to be operated from or over
some fixed or determined line or place the stationary and portable portion or both
portions of the electrical system having the accumulating or translating devices
places in multiple series multiple arc or series or any combination of such circuits
with return by the insulated return conductor or circuit a or some of the working
resistances or translating devices may be in independent discharging circuits from
the accumulating or storing devices c or the induction or condensing devices c 36
adapted to supply and make independent in their working certain districts or
sections or certain groups or kinds of translating devices for utilizing electric
energy in the electrical system of distribution
In order to accomplish this last named object I employ accumulating storage
converting or regulating devices preferably adapted to provide for the conservation
or accumulating of energy at certain points stations or places at c These devices
have their elements connected with the earth or with an insulated conductor or
connections connected with the insulated return conductor or portion a of the
circuit so as to provide for the utilization conversion or accumulation of the current
as it passes from the earth into or through the return or insulated portion a of the
circuit towards the device or elements which are employed to cause the current to
flow as the current flows through or from the earth with a minimum resistance
and seeks the return circuit one or more of the reservoirs accumulating or
conserving devices c or induction devices c 36 or a combination of them or such of
them as are adapted to operate as working resistances in the circuit become
charged by such current I employ automatic cut offs at J. 16 or J. 32 to regulate
the charging or to prevent overcharging of such reservoirs and I regulate the
resistance in accordance with the position and use of the accumulating devices c in
the circuit or I sometimes couple them in multiple series or in a loop from the
main return circuit and charge them from the most distant point of the external
circuit or I can so operate as to charge independent groups or series of such
accumulating devices c arranged at a station or at any number of stations or places
in the system. The cut off's are adapted to be operated by hand electrically
telegraphically or by time mechanism or by the pressure of gasses or otherwise.
They may be operated by a column of liquid by the decomposition and recomposition
of liquids or material by heat by expansion or contraction or by light or by the
vibration or undulation of air or gases suitable mechanism being provided to
combine the devices with a resistance or a series of them adapted to operate in
such a manner as to cut the magazine c out of the charging circuit. I prefer to
employ the translating devices in insulated derived circuits when they extend
through buildings towns or the like in which circuits the translating devices may
be coupled in multiple arc multiple series or series. I sometimes so construct the
magazines c as to provide for always charging one part thereof when discharging
from another part. This may be readily accomplished by the utilization of the
gases caused by the decomposition of a liquid as more fully set forth in the
specification of my aforesaid former Letters Patent No 2558.
I have shewn dynamo or magneto electric machines at g or thermo generators
or electric gas batteries adapted to operate in conjunction with gas-producing
ammonia, tar, benzol and other bye product recovery plant so as to be adapted to
provide for causing the current to flow from the uninsulated circuit a¹* or earth

page_text: into the return circuit a of the system through the medium of one or more
connections or the derived circuits in which the trauslating devices are ad ipted to
operate as working resistances to the current flowing from the uninsulated
circuit a the amount of current flowing in such circuit being regulated or varied
by the employment of translating devices such as incandescent lamps as at 1 arc
lamps as at 2 motors as at 3* or heaters as at 4 which are arranged upon loops
or derived circuits or branches. The flow of the current or consumption of energy
may be regulated at each translating device by band or automatically or both or
by the employment of an electro magnetic or other current regulating device as
at 5 adapted to provide for varying the conductivity of the circuits
or a group
of such translating devices may be regulated by the employment of a regulating
device adapted to provide for varying the conductivity of the circuit or the
force of the current or the conductivity of the circuit may be varied through the
medium of an automatically operative device combined with or adapted to
operate in the discharging circuit from an electro chemical or gas battery or
other form of accumulating device or a combination of them as herein more
fully described. Or I may provide for varying the force or flow of the
current by the employment of a regulating device as at 5 in the derived
circuit or the circuit in which the elements of the induction or condensing
devices c or the accumulating devices c 36 or adapted to operate as current
regulators or transformers. I prefer to construct and arrange these devices 5 as
to provide for the utilization of currents of high force or tension flowing through
the main circuit a¹* a and materially reducing such force or tension in the
translating or working circuits prior to the subdivision and passage of the current
into or through the buildings so as to provide for reducing to a minimum the risk
in conducting and utilizing electric circuits in occupied compartments or spaces I
have shewn in the building 1* an automatically operating regulating device 5
adapted to provide for such a result. I have shewn the portions of the circuit bas
a derived circuit connected with or extending from the uninsulated portion a¹* of
the circuit I have shewn this device provided with a conical wedge shaped pointed
or tapered part 7 which is adapted to form part of the supply circuit but I can use
other forms of resistance. The point of this cone or pointed part 7 is so propor-
tioned as to provide for limiting the amount of current passing into the translating
circuit b to the smallest possible amount that can be utilized through the medium
of one or more of the working resistances adapted to operate in such circuit for the
development of light heat or motive power or for other purposes. The part 7 is
also so formed and proportioned relatively to the portion of the circuit 6 leading
thereto as to represent some definite fractional proportion to the sectional area or
conductivity of the circuit b from the main a* which is shewn as adapted to
provide for leading into the block or building 1* a fractional portion of the main
current. The part 7 is shewn as fitting into a vessel or chamber containing
mercury (but such is not necessary) and its point or end may be normally in
contact with such mercury or the continuation of the circuit 6 8 represents a
plunger or moveable piece connected to a rocking arm or lever combined with the
core of a solenoid 11 which is adapted to provide for the mercury being at its
lowest level when the said piece 8 is in its normal position or in other words to
provide for a minimum conductivity in the portions of the circuit indicated
at 7. The moveable part of the device 5 when in its normal position rests upon a
stop which may be adjustable being maintained in such position by a weight or
spring or the equivalent thereof the force of which is so proportioned to the
variation in the amount of metal or conducting material in the part 7 and the power
of the solenoid 11 or other suitable device adapted to be operated by the electric
current as to provide for the maintenance and the variation of conductivity in the
circuit at 7 in exact proportion to the variation of resistance in the translating
circuit b or in other words in exact proportion to the consumption of energy in the
discharging circuit and in exact proportions to the force of the current or in other
words the amount of energy conducted or induced to flow through the circuit b

page_text: from the conductor a* Therefore the force or amount of the current flowing
through the portion of the circuit 6 at 7 to the circuit b therefrom will be
regulated by and in accordance with the resistance or resistances of the translating
device or devices in operation at any given time. By such means I am enabled
to vary to any extent the force of the current in the working portion b of the
circuit from the force of the current in the derived current b from the
conductor a*. By the employment of the circuit b from a¹ of such conductivity
as to be adapted to provide for conveying the requisite amount of energy in the
working circuits b with a force say of 1000 volts and the point of the cone or
piece 7 represents and provides for conveying only say 100th part of the quantity
of current which can be transmitted through the circuit b from a¹* and the part 7
and the electro magnetic device 11 at 5 is adapted to so operate as to provide for
varying the conductivity of the current as at 7 in the determined relative
proportions to the variation of the resistance in the circuit b as the lamp heaters
or other translating devices may be included in or cut out of the circuit through
the medium of the hand or automatic circuit controller or both. I am enabled to
provide for regulating the quantity and varying the force of the current in the
circuit from the force of the current in the main circuit a* a or b from a¹*
irrespective of the variations or fluctuations in or the force of the current in the
latter and by such means provide for the reduction of the force of the current in
the circuit b and the employment of incandescent arc or other kinds of electric
lamps heaters motors or other electrical translating devices of low resistance in
such circuit. Instead of employing mercury in connection with this device 5
I may employ a moveable piece or part constituting a portion of the circuit which
piece or part is adapted to operate in a similar manner but to slide over or in
contact with the surface of the part 7 (which may have a tapered or wedge shaped
form with flattened sides) or I may employ the tapered piece or conical or pointed
piece 7 to be operated and to slide or move over the combination of the circuit or
into or from mercury in accordance with the variation of resistance in the working
circuit band the force of the current from a supply circuit I sometimes employ an
insulating liquid between the variable contact surfaces to obviate or lessen firing.
At c in the block 1*. I have shewn means in a derived circuit from the circuit b
for conserving the power by the decomposition and recomposition of suitable
solutions. The decomposing chamber is adapted to be connected in a loop circuit
from the derived circuit b from a¹* and the recomposing chambers or elements are
connected in the same working or translating circuit b. In the tubes or connections
between the decomposing and recomposing chambers I provide a similar device to
an ordinary gas meter as more fully hereinafter described.
In the building or block 2* I have shewn regulating devices 5 similar to those
last described adapted to operate in the main derived circuit 6 for regulating and
varying the current supplied to a series of derived circuits in which are shewn
devices 5 for regulating the supply with or without varying the force of the
current from a magazine c consisting of a battery which provides for the
decomposition of a suitable solution the decomposing chamber being connected
with the derived circuit b and the recomposing chambers or elements with the
working circuit 6 The said chambers are connected by suitable pipes in which
I have shewn employed a gas meter to measure and record the current tension
conservation and utilization of the energy caused to flow through the derived
circuit b and the working circuits b. I provide an automatic cut off adapted to be
operated by the accumulation of gas electrically evolved in the decomposing
chamber and interrupted thereby providing for a spring or weight operating the
device in a reverse direction to that in which such device is operated by the
passage of an electric current and so that in the normal condition the circuit may
be completed to such electro magnetic device. I may sometimes employ the
device 5 in the derived circuit b so as to vary the conductivity of the latter in
accordance with the variation of resistance or the consumption of energy in the
-working circuit I have also shewn regulating devices 5 in the independent

page_text: discharging derived circuits. I provide meters for measuring the consumption of
energy in these circuits.
The electro magnetic device for operating the device d may be combined with
recording mechanism for regulating the total amount of energy passing through the
derived circuit b the speed of this device may be regulated in accordance with the
variation in the conductivity of the working circuit 6 through the medium of the
device 5 which may be controlled and rendered operative by being connected in
the working circuit b from the magazine accumulating or regulating devices c and
when electro chemical or gas batteries are employed as at c to provide for the
conservation or storage of electric energy. I provide the automatic cut off adapted
to operate in the derived b circuits when some predetermined amount of energy is
stored and I provide an automatic cut off to prevent the backward flow or the
discharge of electric energy from the device c with the main circuit provided the
electric potential in the supply or derived circuit b falls below the electrical
potential or discharging force from the elements of the magazines or accumulating
devices c 5 represents a circuit making a breaking device for controlling the flow of
the current into the derived circuit b.
In the block or building 4* I have shown a somewhat similar arrangement of
circuits with the device & for alternately or consecutively throwing the magazines c
into the charging and discharging circuits. This device is shewn as consisting of a
rotating shaft or drum carrying suitable contact strips through which the circuits
are adapted to be completed and interrupted so as to provide such a result through
the medium of an electro magnetic device connected or combined with such
commutating device as herein fully described
The arrangement of the derived circuits is similar to that described with
reference to the block 3*
In the block or building 5* I have shewn magazines accumulators condensers or
induction coils c adapted to operate so as to make the translating or working
circuits 6 intermittently consecutively or alternately independently of the supply
or derived circuit b I have shown a device d adapted to provide for alternately
throwing the devices c into the charging circuit b and discharging circuit b.
This device is adapted to be operated by an electro magnetic device to which the
current is intermittently completed.
In the block or building 6* I have shewn 3 sets of devices c which may be
employed as electro chemical batteries or as induction or condensing devices as
at c 36 adapted to be consecutively thrown into the derived or charging and
discharging circuits b as described. I have also shewn a device c adapted to
operate as before described for measuring the current and by the employment of
an automatic cut off. I provide for cutting the devices cout of the derived
circuit 6 when some predetermined storage or accumulation is reached when such
devices c consist of electro chemical batteries; or instead of using such device cas
a meter solely it may be employed in conjunction with devices as at c. 36 whether
induction or condensing devices. I have shown a working circuit b connected
directly with the gas battery-The other circuits are shewn connected with the
devices c which may be so adapted as to provide for utilizing the current with
high or low tension from the gas battery or from the derived circuit bas may be
desired.
In the block or building 7* I have shewn induction devices c. 36 one of which
is connected to a lamp circuit b in which alternating currents are employed. In
another circuit b I have shown motors adapted to be operated or I provide an
independent device which is shewn connected with a motor heater and magazine
circuit through the medium of the switching or commutating device d which
provides for causing the current to flow in one direction through the working
circuits connected therewith. In order to provide for varying the conductivity of
the circuit leading to the device c I employ means in such circuits adapted to
provide for carrying the conductivity of the same in accordance with the resistance
in the working circuit b by the employment of a device adapted to operate in a

page_text: somewhat similar manner to the device 5 and to be operated by the current or
a portion of the current passing through the working circuit b.
In the block or building 8* I have shewn the derived circuits 6 connected
directly to the supply or derived circuit b without the medium of induction or
accumulating devices c. 36 in such derived circuits. The resistances in such circuits 5
are adapted to be regulated by the resistance of the electric translating devices
and the circuit controlling device in connection with each translating device or a
series of group of such devices thrown into the same circuit. In such case I may
employ a circuit controlling device similar in its working to the device described
with reference to 5 or I may employ a taper conical or pointed piece carried by the
core of a solenoid and supported in some defined position so as to provide some
definite conductivity of a circuit by a spring or the equivalent thereof and the core
of the solenoid may be adapted to be included in the circuit or a loop from the
circuit including the lamp or other translating device and thereby regulate and
vary the conductivity of the circuit to the lamp or other working resistance. In
order to provide for the current flowing through the circuits 1 have shown dynamo
or magneto electric machines at g which are shewn connected in the circuits with
the magazines c adapted to provide for the conservation of the energy produced by
the generators partly or entirely. The generators g may be connected directly
with the electrical circuits a¹* a and be adapted to operate in such circuit at the
same time as the devices c. These devices c are adapted to operate in the
circuits a¹a as herein described. This magazine c is formed of a series of
elements adapted to be connected in the charging and the discharging working or
main circuits alternately or consecutively through the medium of the switching or
commutating device d so that when one part is in the charging circuit another
part or series of parts is in the discharging circuit. I have shewn the elements of
the devices c provided with a series of terminals throughout their length adapted
to provide for varying the conductivity of the circuit. Each set of three of these
magazines is shewn as connected in one continuous length in one circuit and
provided with three independent sets of terminals-These terminals are shewn
leading to a series of independent contacts so as to make the charging and
discharging circuits independent and the conductivity of the charging and
discharging circuits are therefore varied in accordance therewith. It will be
⚫ understood that any number of these terminals may be employed so as to reduce
the resistance in a circuit as constituted. In the drawing I have shewn one series
of terminals adapted to be placed in the circuit with the generators or developing
source and the other terminations or connections are shewn adapted to be connected
with the electrical circuit a¹* a thereby providing for a greater resistance in the
discharging circuit than in the charging circuit which provides for transmitting a
current through the electrical circuit al* a with higher tension or greater rapidity
than that from the developing source a*. I have shown the switching device d
adapted to be operated by an electro magnetic device which may be combined
with measuring and recording devices or the said device d may be operated by
time mechanism, or from the shaft of the generator or engine or otherwise
In sheets A¹ A³ of the drawings I have shewn elevation partly in section and
plan of gas producing plant combined with ammonia and tar recovery plant storage
plant for the gas and plant for utilizing the same and an apparatus or system of
electrical distribution and various electrical appliances adapted to operate in
conjunction therewith as herein described I have shewn the thermo electric
elements in conjunction with the scrubbers of the ammonia and tar recovery
plant connected with the elements of a condenser or induction device c. 36 througl
the medium of a switching device d with a pressure regulator 42, 43, 44 and
variable resistance 5 with a variable resistance and cut off device 5* adapted to
operate upon the charging circuit to the device c 36 in accordance with the
variation of resistance in the external circuit which is shewn extending to a
electrical system as indicated by letter X and to a system of electrical circuit
and appliances suitable for the utilization of electrical power for various operation

page_text: in railway or tramway working as well as for domestic or public uses and for
supplying power for lighting traction or other purposes upon the vehicles or trains
I have shewn also the accumulating device c, connected in the circuit with the
thermo elements which device may be connected with the system as at X or with
the various appliances as described, letters of reference indicate the various parts
the operation of which will be understood from the description given the details
of the gas producing ammonia and tar recovery plant and thermo electric
generators and the electrical developing plant and the combination of them being
more fully set forth in the description of sheet A'.
In sheets A³ A4 of the drawings I have shewn portions of plant for the
production of illuminating gas and for the recovery of tar ammonia and benzol also
thermo electric generaters adapted to operate in conjunction with such plant and
also with suitable electrical appliances the operation of which will be understood
from the description herein given letters of reference indicating the various parts.
At Figure 1 I have shewn the thermo electric elements combined with various
parts or extensions of the retorts and with the electrical device c and parts in
conjunction therewith.
At Figures 2, 3 and 4 I have shewn thermo electric elements combined with
various forms of atmospheric condensers for cooling the gas from the retorts for
the removal of condensible impurities which thermo elements are shewn combined
with devices c. c. 36 adapted to operate as described.
In sheet A* I have shewn at Figure 5 a washer in combination with thermo
electric elements which are connected with the devices c 36 and c so that these
devices will be adapted to operate in and supply and regulate the force in
independent discharging circuits
At Figure 6 I have shewn a scrubbing tower in combination with thermo
electric elements and devices c 36.
At Figure 7 I have shown an arrangement of plant for the extraction of benzol
from the hydrocarbon gases in combination with thermo electric elements and
devices cas described the operation of which will be understood from the
description given
In sheet As I have shewn the general arrangement of plant for the production
of oil paraffin and sulphate of ammonia from shale coal or other material various
parts thereof being shewn as combined with or formed of thermo electric elements
which are combined with electrical appliances c. c. 36 and others for the conservation
or utilization of the heat given off in the various processes employed
In sheet A at Figure 1 I have shewn a regenerative furnace for the utilization
of gas for firing gasworks retorts with thermo electric generators in the regenerative
chamber or channel for the couduction of the heated gases, these thermo electric
elements are shown combined with the device c and other electrical appliances.-
Figures 2, 3 and 4 show various arrangements of thermo elements to provide for
exposing a large surface to the action of the heated gases or heated liquids. The
arrangement of thermo elements in Figure 2 is similar to that illustrated in
Figure 1 on this sheet. Figure 3 shows a somewhat similar arrangement the thermo
elements consisting of flat plates between and around which the heated gases or
liquids are caused to circulate. Figure 4 illustrates another arrangement of thermo
elements consisting of coils of flat sheets with terminals carried off at opposite ends
and adapted to be enclosed in a suitable chamber or channel through which the
heated gases or liquids are caused to circulate or pass.
In Figure 5 I have shewn an arrangement of thermo electric generator which is
heated directly by the combustion of gas or may be heated by the heat or waste
products of combustion passing along a flue. The elements of the generator are
shewn connected with the device c. 36 and other appliances in connection therewith
by which means the current may be regulated in the main circuit a or in the
discharging or working circuits. The devices for regulating the admission of air
and gas to the firing chamber of the generator are preferably adapted to operate
automatically as herein described.

page_text: I have shewn in sheet A 7 Figures 1, 2, 3 apparatus for utilizing the waste gas
is given off from blast furnaces in iron works and for extracting ammonia and tar.
I have shewn in combination with such plant therino electric generators and other
electric appliances as indicated by letters of reference the operation of which will
be understood from the description given.
On sheet A³ I have shewn gas producing plant with scrubbing towers for
purifying the gas combined with thermo electro elements which are adapted to
supply electric power through the medium of the devices c. c 36 or otherwise to
the circuits extending along the lines of railway as will be understood from the
letters of reference and the description herein given I have shown a vehicle equipped
with electrical appliances adapted to be supplied with electric power for lighting
or heating or motive power or any combination of them and I have shown a system
of electrical circuits extending along a line of railway which may be supplied from
a reservoir c established at one or more points along the line I have also shewn
signally appliances along the line adapted to be supplied with electric power
through the medium of devices e which I preferably arrange at the stations along
the line and employ in conjunction therewith circuit closing regulating devices and
various electrical appliances as described in my former Letters Patent and patents
of addition.
In the electrical circuits the signalling appliances I employ interlocking
mechanism for controlling the proper relative working of the signals and other
movable parts along the line for the operation of the railway.
Having thus fully described my said invention and the manner of performing
the same I wish it understood that I claim :-
First. In combination with the heated portion or parts of illuminating or
combustible gas producing plant or ammonia or tar or benzol recovery plant or a
combination of such parts the employment of one or more thermo electro generators
adapted to provide for the recovery or use of radiating or otherwise waste heat
(given off in the decomposition or distillation or conduction or cooling or purifying
or separating process or processes to which the heated gases may be subjected
to) by the transformation of such heat into electric force in an electric circuit in
which working resistances such as electric lamps electric heaters electric motors or
electrical depositing cells for the recovery of metal from their ores or the deposition
of metals are adapted to operate.
Second. In combination with the heated portion or parts or the ammonia or tar
or benzol reconvey plant or a combination of such parts the employment of one or
more thermo electric generators adapted to provide for the recovery or use of the
radiating or otherwise waste heat (given off in the decomposition or distillation or
conduction or cooling or purifying or separating process or processes to which the
material or heated gases may be subjected) by the transformation of such heat into
electric force in an electric circuit in which one or more electro chemical batteries
accumulators or electric reservoirs (preferably compounded as herein described) or
electrical gas batteries are adapted to operate as working resistances to provide for
the conservation of the electric power and as regulators of electric force in the main
or discharging circuits therefrom in which working resistances are adapted to
operate for the utilization or conservation of electric power with or without the
employn ent of a simple induction device or of compound induction or condensing
devices (preferably compounded as herein described) adapted to operate in the
discharging circuit or one or more derived circuits therefrom between the
translating devices such as electric lamps electric heaters electric motors electrical
depositing cells simple or compound electric reservoirs or accumulators or other
appliances and the accumulating device or electric reservoir connected with the
eleinents of the thermo electric generator.
Third In combination with the heated portion or parts of illuminating or
combustible gas producing plant or the ammonia or tar or benzol recovery plant
or a combination of such parts the employment of one or more thermo electric
generators adapted to provide (for the recovery or use of radiating or otherwise

page_text: waste heat, given off in the decomposition or distillation or conduction or cooling
or purifying or separating process or processes) by the transformation of such heat
into electric force in an electric circuit in which a simple induction device or
compound condensing or induction device as herein described is adapted to operate
as a working resistance and as a regulator of electric potential in the main circuit
or the discharging or working circuit or circuits therefrom in which the electric
translating devices are adapted to operate with or without the employment of one
or more simple or compound electric reservoirs or accumulators in one or more
circuits or branch circuits therefrom as electro chemical accumulators (preferably
as herein described) or as electrical gas batteries
Fourth In combination with the heated portion or parts for conveying the
waste gases given off from burners or firing chambers in ironworks, and plant for
extracting aminonia or tar therefrom, or a combination of such parts, the employ-
ment of one or more thermo electric generators adapted to provide for the recovery
or use of the radiating or otherwise waste heat (given off in the conduction cooling
or purifying or separating processes to which the gases may be subjected) by the
transformation of such heat into electric force in an electric circuit in which one
or more electro chemical batteries accumulators or electric reservoirs (preferably
compounded as herein described) or electric gas batteries are adapted to operate
as working resistances to provide for the conservation of the electric power and as
regulators of electric force in the main or discharging circuit or circuits therefrom with
or without a simple induction device or compound induction or condensing devices
(preferably as herein described) adapted to operate in the circuit between the
thermo electric generator and the electric reservoir or in the discharging circuit
therefrom.
Fifth In combination with the heated portion or parts of plant for the
extraction of oil or paraffin or sulphate of ammonia from shale coal or other
material the employment of one or more thermo electric generators adapted to
provide for the recovery or use of the radiating or otherwise waste heat (given off
in the decomposition or distillation or conduction or cooling or purifying or
separating processes to which the heated gases or products of decomposition or
distillation may be subjected) by the transformation of such heat into electric
force in an electric circuit in which working resistances such as electric lamps
electric heaters electric motors or electrical depositing cells for the recovery or
separation of metals from their ores or the deposition of metals are adapted to
operate with or without the employment of one or more electric accumulators or
reservoirs compounded or not being adapted to be connected with such circuit of
supply and with or without such accumulators or electric reservoirs being adapted
to operate in the circuit between the source of supply of electric power and the
translating devices for lighting or heating or motive power or other purpose to
provide for the conservation of electric power and provide for the regulation of the
force of the current for the translation of such power
Sixth The method herein described of utilizing gas producing plant or
ammonia tar or benzole recovery plant or a combination of them in combination
with electrical generating or producing plant connecting directly or indirectly) for
instance through the medium of the devices c 36-or c or a combination shewn as
described herein or in my former Letters Patent herein mentioned. (with one or
more main circuits or system of circuits through which the current is conducted
with higher force than through the derived or working circuits in which the
translating devices are adapted to operate for lighting or heating or motive power
or for traction purposes or for the operation of railways or tramways electrically
or for a combination of such uses with or without the employment of electric
reservoirs or accumulators preferably compounded adapted to operate between the
circuit of supply and the working resistances to provide a reserve of electric power
and operate as regulators in the circuit to the translating devices or working
resistances.

page_text: Seventh. The method herein described of utilizing gas producing plant or
ammonia tar or benzole recovery plant or a combination shewn for the operation
of electrical Railways or traction purposes by the employment of one or more
electrical circuits for conducting the electrical power from the electrical producers
or generators to any number of electric reservoirs or accumulating devices connected
at any number of places or stations where electric reserves or accumulating devices
are placed which are provided with electrical conductors or connections adapted to
operate in conjunction with (and when the circuit controlling devices permit
thereof at the will of an operator or automatically) and complete the circuit to
electric reservoirs or accumulators forming part of the equipment of the vehicle or
train.
Eighth In combination with the subject matter contained in the respective
claims bearing the respective No 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. the employment of an electrical
circuit or system of electrical distributing circuits which has combined therewith
through the medium of derived circuits or loops electric reservoirs or accumulators
placed at distant points or stations from the generators so as to admit of the
conservation of the power transmitted by the circuits to such points and thereby
provide for the employment of a conductor or conductors in the main circuit of
ligter section than would be required providing such electric reservoirs were not
employed at the distant points or sections
Ninth. In combination with the subject matter contained in the respective
claims bearing the respective No 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7 and of the preceding claim the
employment of devices or means in the derived or working circuits of the electrical
distributing circuit for varying and regulating the tension of the current in
accordance with the kind or character of electrical appliances adapted to operate in
such working circuits.
Tenth The combination of the subject matter contained in the respective claims
bearing the respective No* 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. with an electric circuit in which or
with which electric reservoirs or magazines are adapted to operated for conserving
either partially or entirely the electric energy produced by a generator or
generators during the time that vehicles or trains are not being propelled over
an electrical section supplied from the said generator or generators and the
conserving device or devices or either of them or during the time that the
consumption of electric energy is not equal to the generation or conservation of
the energy produced for or capable of being transmitted to such section for the
purposes specified
Eleventh In the combination with the subject matter continued in the respective
claims bearing the respective Nos 1, 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7 the employment of one or more
accumulators or electric reservoirs or magazines or a simple induction device or
compound induction or condensing devices (preferably as herein described) connected
with the electrical circuit of supply from the electrical producers or generators in
such a manner as to convert the current of low force from such generator or
generators into a current of high force for transmission through the main branch
loop and sub branch circuits either directly to the translating devices or to one or
more subsidiary accumulator reservoirs (with or without the employment of simple
or compound induction devices or condensing devices) in the the derived circuits
situate in some distant place or stations
12 The combination with the subject matter contained in the respective claims
bearing the respective numbers (1. 2. 3. 4. 5 6 7 of one or more thermo regulating
or governing devices adapted to operate in such a manner as to regulate or control
the temperature of electric generator or generators by regulating the consumption
of gas or fuel used in beating the same.
In combination with the subject matter contained in the respective claims
bearing the respective numbers (1. 2. 3. 4. 5) the employment of one or more
thermo regulating or governing devices adapted to operate in such a manner as to

page_text: regulate or control the circulation of a liquid or of steam or heated gases employed
for heating the elements of the thermo electric generator or generators.
13. In combination with the subject matter contained in the respective claims
bearing the respective numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 6 7. the employment of devices for
regulating the temperature of the elements of the thermo electric generator or the
medium for treating the same by the employment of cut offs valves gates or
dampers whose action or position is controlled through the medium of electrical or
mechanical appliances or both which are rendered operative upon some pre-
determined temperature being attained in the governing part of the apparatus.
14. In combination with gas producing plant or apparatus the employment of
devices or means for automatically regulating the admission of steam and air to
the combustion chamber on the zone of combustion.
15 In combination with a gas producing plant or apparatus the employment of
devices or means for automatically regulating the admission of air for combustion
to furnaces.
16 In combination with a gas producing plant or apparatus the employment of
devices or means to regulate the air or air and steam to the combustion chamber or
zone of combustion or for regulating the quantity of air for combustion to the
premises in accordance with the temperature of the gases passing from the
producers or furnaces or through the conducting channels or parts of the apparatus
through which the heated gases or products of combustion are caused to pass.
17 In combination with the subject matter contained in the respective claims
bearing the respective Nos 1. 2. 3. 4. 5, 6. 7. the employment of an electrical circuit
or system of electrical distributing circuits which has combined therewith through
the medium of derived circuits or loops electric reservoirs or accumulators placed
at distant points or stations from the generators so as to admit of the conservation
of the power transmitted to the circuits to such points and thereby provide for the
employment of a conductor or conductors in the main circuit or the lighter section
than would be required providing such electric reservoirs were not employed at
the distant points or stations.
18 In combination with the subject matter contained in the respective claims or
any combination of the subject matter of the employment of variable resistances
5 or 5* or 5** of 42, 43, 44 or the automatic cut off 20 or j 16 j32 or a coin-
bination of any two or more of such devices (or the equivalent thereof) in a system
of electrical circuits.
In combination with the subject matter contained in the respective claims
having the respective No 1. 2. 3. 4. 5 6 and 7 the employment of devices or means
to provide a reserve of electric power at fixed points or wharves for charging
electric magazines in the equipment of vessels.
In combination with the subject matter contained in the respective claims having
the respective N° 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 the employment of one or more independent
controlling circuits and circuit making devices in the derived circuit and inter-
locking mechanism for controlling the proper relative working of signals or other
movable mechanism and the circuits and devices connected therewith substantially
as set forth