Пушано Apparatus Used ΤΟΥ Training and Elevating Heavy Guns and Revolving Turrets and Turntables.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Oct., 1886.
Complete Left, 15th July, 1887.
Complete Accepted, 13th Sept., 1887.
Пушано
Apparatus Used ΤΟΥ
Training and Elevating Heavy Guns and Revolving Turrets and
Turntables.
I CHARLES HENRY MURRAY of The Elswick Works Newcastle upon Tyne Engineer
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
and it
This invention has for its object improved means for controlling hydraulic apparatus
used for training and elevating heavy guns and revolving turrets and turntables.
The working slide valves of the hydraulic engines employed to train heavy guns
and to turn turrets and turntables are too large to be moved by hand power,
is usual to apply a hydraulic reversing cylinder to move them by power, and to work
this reversing cylinder through a valve moved by hand made so that the movement
of the reversing cylinder counteracts the movement made by hand, with the result
that the engine runs at whatever speed corresponds with any opening given to the
valve, and it continues to so run until the valves are closed again by hand through the
medium of the hydraulic reversing cylinder.
I make the further improvement and cause the engine as it revolves to close its own
working valves, so that it shall be necessary to continually open them to keep the
engine running.
This I do in the following way, the reversing cylinder has a piston rod projecting
well out of the cylinder and screwed at its outer end for a length somewhat more
than the length of the stroke of the cylinder. A large nut is fitted to this screw made
in the form of a pinion and into the pinion thus formed is fitted a wheel driven by the
engine. The working valves of the engine are connected freely to this nut. Further
along the screw is a smaller nut also made in the form of a pinion and gearing into it
there is a pinion which can be turned by hand. A small D valve is connected freely
to this smaller nut and this D valve supplies pressure to either side of the reversing
cylinder. The action is as follows, the small pinion nut is worked along the screw by
the handwheel. This action opens the little D valve and supplies water to one end of
the reversing cylinder. The reversing piston and rod therefore make a partial stroke
which shuts the small D valve thus stopping further action and opens all the engine

page_text: valves and makes the engine run. The running of the engine, works the large pinion
nut along the screw and shutting off the slide valves, brings the engine to rest. When
the hand gear is continually turned the engine is kept continually running at a speed
which depends upon the amount of lead at which the hand wheel pinion nut is kept in
advance of the engine pinion nut.
Furthermore to avoid the necessity of turning the hand wheel for a long time
I arrange to clamp by a friction clutch the hand wheel pinion nut to the engine pinion
nut when so set that the desired speed is attained; then that speed will continue till
the engine has run its full course which occurs when the reversing cylinder gets to
the end of its stroke.
The advantages in this arrangement are that it is not necessary to fit separate
stop gear as at present as the engine can only travel as far as the stroke of the
reversing cylinder determines. It is also unnecessary to fit separate indicator gear
to show the position of the turret as that is known from the number of revolutions
made by the hand wheel. The arrangement gives much greater facility in training
through the very small angle necessary for laying the guns on distant objects, because
a small movement can be given to the hand wheel with the certainty that a
corresponding movement will be made by the engine, and no more, whereas with the
present arrangements there is hardly time to observe that the turret has commenced
to move before it has overshot the intended mark, and at the best the attention is
taken up with stopping the training at the very instant that the sights are passing
over the target.
In like manner I improve the action of the hydraulic elevating machine; I fit a
small D valve to pass the water to and from the elevating cylinder, and so arrange
that the D valve having been opened by hand gear is shut by the action of the
sighting gear shafts which move always in exact accord with the elevating gear.
To do this I fit to each sighting shaft, a worm wheel into which a short worm,
carried on a shaft connected with the spindle of the D valve can gear.
The said worm shaft is turned by hand gear and the worm wheel not being able to
turn, the shaft with the worm upon it moves longitudinally in its bearings and so
carries the D valve with it. The valve passes water to or from the elevating
cylinder which, in making its stroke, carries the sighting shafts round and so turns
the worm wheel. By this movement the worm shaft is again moved longitudinally
and the D valve is thereby closed.
The advantage of this arrangement is, that a definite movement of the handwheel
will be followed by a certain movement of the elevating gear, and of the gun and
sights, and it will not be necessary to attend to the stopping of the movement as the
gear will stop itself.
This arrangement is particularly for use for fine laying of the guns at the sighting
station, and as it will be necessary to have additional valves to quickly bring the guns
to loading positions, and as these other valves will affect a movement of the sighting
shaft, I provide for the sighting shaft moving without breaking the worm or worm
wheel, by attaching the worm wheel to the sighting shaft by a friction coupling which
will slip when an undue strain comes upon it.
Dated this 18th day of October 1886.
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: I, CHARLES HENRY MURRAY of The Elswick Works Newcastle upon Tyne Engineer
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
Statement :-
This Invention has for its object improved means for controlling hydraulic
apparatus used for training and elevating heavy guns and revolving turrets and
turntables.
The working slide valves of the hydraulic engines employed to train heavy guns
and to turn turrets and turntables are too large to be moved by hand power, and it
is usual to apply a hydraulic reversing cylinder to move them by power, and to work
this reversing cylinder through a valve moved by hand made so that the movement of
the reversing cylinder counteracts the movement made by hand, with the result that
the engine runs at whatever speed corresponds with any opening given to the valve
and it continues to so run until the valves are closed again by hand through the
medium of the hydraulic reversing cylinder.
I make the further improvement and cause the engine as it revolves to close its own
working valves, so that it shall be necessary to continually open them to keep the
engine running.
This I do in the following way, the reversing cylinder has a piston rod projecting
well out of the cylinder and screwed at its outer end for a length somewhat more
than the length of the stroke of the cylinder. A large nut is fitted to this screw made
in the form of a pinion and into the pinion thus formed is geared a wheel driven by the
engine. The working valves of the engine are connected freely to this nut. Further
along the screw is a sinaller nut also made in the form of a pinion and gearing into
it there is a pinion which can be turned by hand. A small D valve is connected
freely to this smaller nut and this D valve supplies pressure to either side of the
reversing cylinder. The action is as follows, the small pinion nut is worked along
the screw by the handwheel. This action opens the little D valve and supplies water
to one end of the reversing cylinder. The reversing piston and rod therefore make a
partial stroke which shuts the small D valve thus stopping further action and opens
all the engine valves and makes the engine run. The running of the engine works

page_text: the large pinion nut along the screw and shutting off the slide valves brings the
engine to rest. When the hand gear is continually turned the engine is kept
continually running at a speed which depends upon the amount of lead at which the
hand wheel pinion nut is kept in advance of the engine pinion nut.
Furthermore to avoid the necessity of turning the hand wheel for a long time
I arrange to clamp by a friction clutch the hand wheel pinion nut to the engine
pinion nut when so set that the desired speed is attained; then that speed will continue
till the engine has run its full course which occurs when the reversing cylinder gets
to the end of its stroke.
The advantages in this arrangement are that it is not necessary to fit separate stop
gear as at present as the engine can only travel as far as the stroke of the reversing
cylinder determines. It is also unnecessary to fit separate indicator gear to show the
position of the turret as that is known from the number of revolutions made by the
Land wheel. The arrangement gives much greater facility in training through the
very small angle necessary for laying the guns on distant objects, because a small
movement can be given to the hand wheel with the certainty that a corresponding
movement will be made by the engine, and no more, whereas with the present
arrangements there is hardly time to observe that the turret has commenced to move
before it has overshot the intended mark, and at the best the attention is taken up
with stopping the training at the very instant that the sights are passing over the
target.
In like manner I improve the action of the hydraulic elevating machine. I fit a
small D valve to pass the water to and from the elevating cylinder, and so arrange
that the D valve having been opened by hand gear is shut by the action of the sighting
gear shafts which move always in exact accord with the elevating gear.
To do this I fit to each sighting shaft, a worm wheel into which a short worm,
carried on a shaft connected with the spindle of the D valve can gear.
The said worm shaft is turned by hand gear and the worm wheel not being able to
turn, the shaft with the worm upon it moves longitudinally in its bearings and carries
the D valve with it. The valve passes water to or from the elevating cylinder which
in making its stroke carries the sighting shafts round and so turns the worm wheel.
By this movement the worm shaft is again moved longitudinally and the D valve is
thereby closed.
The advantage of this arrangement is, that a definite movement of the handwheel
will be followed by a certain movement of the elevating gear, and of the gun and
sights, and it will not be necessary to attend to the stopping of the movement as the
gear will stop itself.
This arrangement is particularly for use for fine laying of the guns at the sighting
station, and as it will be necessary to have additional valves to quickly bring the
guns to loading positions and as these other valves will affect a movement of the
sighting shaft, I provide for the sighting shaft moving without breaking the worm or
worm wheel, by attaching the worm wheel to the sighting shaft by a friction coupling
which will slip when an undue strain comes upon it.
Figure 1 of the drawings hereunto annexed is a plan view partly in section of a
revolving turret with two guns mounted upon it and with the hydraulic engines by
which it is rotated arranged to be controlled in the manner above described.
Figure 2 is a vertical section of the same taken in a line with the guns and
Figure 3 a vertical section taken crosswise of the guns. Figure 4 is a diagram view
to facilitate the explanation of the action of the hydraulic mechanism.
Figure 5 is a side elevation mainly in section of a revolving turret in which is a gun
mounting fitted with the elevating gear, and Figure 6 is a plan view of the same.
Figures 5 and 6 are parts of Figures 5 and 6 on a larger scale.
In the diagram view Figure 4 A is the reversing cylinder-B a piston rod
projecting from its ends and having a screw thread B₁ cut upon it-C and D are
pinions formed as nuts to screw on to this screw thread. The pinion is coupled to a
slide valve E for admitting water under pressure to the cylinders of the hydraulic
engine to drive the engine in one or other direction according to the position into

page_text: which the valve is moved. F is a pinion gearing with the pinion C and driven by the
hydraulic engines whenever they are put into movement.
When the valve has been moved in one or other direction to start the engines either
forwards or backwards the pinion C is revolved by the engines in such a direction as
to traverse the valve in the opposite direction to that in which it was previously
revolved so that the engines continue to turn until the valve has been brought back to
its original position.
The pinion D is coupled to a small slide valve G by which water under pressure
can be admitted to either end of the cylinder A and to escape from its opposite end.
H is a pinion gearing with the pinion D and which can be turned by a hand wheel
on its axis.
By revolving the hand wheel the pinion D can be made to screw along the
screw B in either direction-in doing so it moves the valve G and admits water under
pressure to one or other end of the cylinder A-this causes the piston rod B to be
inoved endwise in the opposite direction to that in which the valve was moved and so
at once closes the valve-at the same time it shifts the valve E and starts the engines
and the engines continue to turn until by the revolving of the pinion C the valve E
has been brought back to its normal position.
As before explained the engines can be kept running either by continuing to turn
the pinion D by hand or by clutching together the pinions C and D when the engines
have been started and are running at the speed required.
In the complete arrangement shown at Figures 1, 2 and 3 two hydraulic turning
engines are used-these are placed on each side of the turret or turntable I at J and
they act on the fixed rack I¹ below the turret in the usual manner through a train of
wheels 12. The starting and reversing valves of these engines, are ordinary sliding
valves with ports and are marked E as in Figure 4. The starting and reversing
cylinder which works these valves is also as in Figure 4 marked A and actuates them
through the piston rods B pinions C and the links B₁ and bell cranks B². The piston
rods B are each screwed at their outer ends, and have upon them pinion nuts C
which are turned by the engines, whenever the engines are in motion by the train of
wheels and shafts K K and the links B are coupled to the nuts G by swivel joints.
G is the auxiliary valve which supplies water to either end of the cylinder A. It is
set in motion from either of the sighting stations L L by the train of wheels and
shafts M M M M which revolve the secondary pinion nut D carried on the piston
rod B. To enable the auxiliary valve to be kept open without the trouble of
continually turning the trains of gear M M M M the pinion nut D, can be clamped
to the pinion nut C (as soon as D is sufficiently in advance of C) by the lever N, and
the rods O which act on the clutch P.
The action is therefore as follows:-
By turning the hand wheel at the sighting station, the pinion D is turned and its
nut runs along the screwed piston rod and by the lever D' opens the auxiliary valve G.
This valve admits water to the starting and reversing cylinder which thus makes a
portion of a stroke and opens the starting and reversing valves of the engines. As
soon as the engines run, they work the trains of gear KK which revolve the pinion
nuts C, these run along the screwed piston rods and act upon the starting and
reversing valves E bringing them to the stop position again.
Thus to keep the engines running it is necessary to continually turn the hand
wheels M at the sighting station, but if required, when the desired speed of engines
is attained, the clamp gear can be thrown in so that one pinion nut turns the other.
I will now describe more fully the elevating gear shown at Figures 5 and 6
and 5, 6.
In these figures A is the ordinary slide along which the gun carriage B recoils
when the gun is fired. The slide is pivotted at its forward end on a horizontal
joint A', and its rear end is supported by the ram C of the hydraulic cylinder D. The
required elevation is given to the gun by allowing water under pressure to pass to or
escape from the cylinder. E is a toothed rack on the underside of the gun slide it
gears with a toothed wheel F and gives motion to a shaft G-on this shaft is a

page_text: pinion H which gears with a toothed rack on the sight bar I which indicates the
elevation which has been given to the gun.
K is a slide valve for controlling the admission of water to or its escape from the
cylinder D. Water under pressure passes to the valve chamber through the pipe L.
When the valve is shifted end wise in one direction the water is free to pass from the
valve through the pipe M to the cylinder and when the valve is shifted endwise in the
opposite direction water is free to pass away from the cylinder and to escape through
the pipe N.
The shifting endwise of the valve in one or other direction is effected by its being
coupled at O to a shaft P which is not only free to turn in its bearings but also to
move endwise through them. The shaft has a worm R upon it, this gears with a worm
wheel S, fixed upon the shaft G.
When the shaft is turned by its hand wheel T the shaft is moved endwise in its
bearings as the wheel S is not free to turn-as it moves endwise it carries the slide
valve K along with it and either allows water to pass to the cylinder or to escape
from it-this causes the wheel S to be revolved and as it turns it draws the worm R
shaft P and valve K back into their former position and again closes all passage of
water to or from the cylinder.
In the drawings I have shown one train of gear wheels as being used not only for
closing the valve but also for actuating the automatic sighting gear but it is not
essential that this should be so, a separate train of gear might be provided for the
valve closing mechanism.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
1. Working the valves of hydraulic engines employed to train heavy guns, turrets
and turntables by means of an hydraulic cylinder with valve opened by hand
gear and
closed by the resulting motion of its piston or ram, such motion also starting the
hydraulic engines which as they work close their own valves and so are brought again
to rest.
2. The combination with a turret or turntable I hydraulic engine or engines J
starting valve E and hydraulic cylinder A having a piston working therein for
shifting such starting valve, of a valve G for admitting liquid under pressure to the
cylinder A, and a nut D screwing on to the piston rod B and which when turned by
hand and screwed along the piston rod opens the valve and afterwards closes it as the
piston rod is moved endwise by the movement thereby imparted to the piston-and
also of a second nut C screwing on to the piston rod and which opens the starting
valve E of the hydraulic engine as the piston rod is moved endwise and again closes
it as the nut is revolved by the working of the hydraulic engine substantially as
described.
3. The combination of the turret or turntable I hydraulic engine or engines J
starting valve E hydraulic cylinder A with piston and piston rod B, valve G, nut D
turned by train of wheels and shafts M. from sighting stations L nut C coupled to
starting valve E and revolved by the working of the hydraulic engines and the lever N
rods O and clutch P for clutching together the nuts C and D when the hydraulic
engines are required to be kept in continuous movement.
4. In elevating gear in which the gun is elevated by means of an hydraulic
cylinder and in which a sighting shaft moves up and down with the elevation given
to the gun connecting the valve of the said hydraulic cylinder with a spindle geared
with the sighting shaft in such a manner that when rotated by hand it is caused to
travel longitudinally and to open the valve and afterwards to be brought back and to
close the valve by the resulting movement given to the gun and sighting shaft.
5. In elevating gear for heavy guns the combination of the hinged gun slide A
supporting ram working in hydraulic cylinder D slide valve K toothed rack E
giving motion through pinions F to shaft G which has fixed on it a worm wheel S and
the worm R gearing with this worm wheel and carried on a shaft P which can move
endwise in its bearings as well as revolve therein.

page_text: from
6. In elevating gear for heavy guns the combination of the hinged gun slide A
supporting ram C working in hydraulic cylinder D valve K and mechanism for
moving this valve by hand to admit liquid under pressure to or allow it to escape
the hydraulic cylinder and also mechanism for causing the movement thereby
imparted to the ram C to again close the valve.
7. In elevating gear for heavy guns the combination of the hinged gun slide A
supporting ram working in hydraulic cylinder D valve K toothed rack E pinions F
shaft G worm wheel S worm Ron shaft P which can move endwise as well as turn in
its bearings and pinion H gearing with a toothed rack on sight bar I.
Dated this 15th day of June 1887