CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE PREPARATION OF COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES FOR SPINNING
Year: 1843

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
RAYNSFORD JACKSON, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton.
Spinner, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by
Her Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Fourth day of November, in the seventh year of Her reign,
and in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-three, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Robert Raynsford Jackson, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege
and authority, that I, the said Robert Raynsford Jackson, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, and such others as I, the said Robert Raynsford
Jackson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of
years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England and Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE
USED IN THE PREPARATION OF COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES FOR SPINNING;"
in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that I, the said Robert
Raynsford Jackson, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited. Letters Patent,

page_text: as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.
my said
par-
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Robert Raynsford Jackson, do hereby declare that the nature of
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the Drawings hereto annexed,
and the following explanation thereof (that is to say):-
My improvements in the machinery or apparatus to be used in the pre-
paration of cotton and other fibrous substances for spinning, apply, firstly, to
the carding engine; and, secondly, particularly to the spindle and flyer of the
"roving" and "slubbing" machines used in the "preparation" processes.
My improvements in the carding engine consist simply in the application
and use of a peculiar construction of roller or cylinder, for the purpose of
stripping or clearing the main cylinder of the engine. This cylinder or roller
is to be furnished with a narrow fillet or strip of cards (or may be fine brushes),
which is to be wound once round the roller from end to end, and thus form a
spiral rib or fillet of card, which is intended to act against the main cylinder
continuously as they revolve together in contact, and thus to strip or clear all
parts of the main cylinder equally and continuously from side to side, instead of
being applied only at intervals, as the main cylinder clearers are now commonly
done. For a main carding cylinder of three feet diameter, this spiral clearer
should be about eight inches diameter, and must always be so proportioned
and geared (speeded), that it shall be caused to clear the main cylinder
effectually, that is, to act upon every part of its periphery in any given or
required time, and which must of course determine the speed at which the
clearer must revolve. This clearing roller may be applied in contact with the
main carding cylinder in any convenient situation below the "doffing"
cylinder, and may receive its motion by means of suitable gearing from any
desirable driving part of the carding engine.
My improvements in the "roving" and "slubbing" machines or frames,
apply, firstly, to a peculiar construction and arrangement of such machines
in which the spindles are shortened and the flyers are separated therefrom,
having a bevilled wheel or other gearing attached to each of the flyers, for the
purpose of giving them a rotary motion distinct from and independent of the
rotary motion of the bobbin, the particular objects of which arrangement have
been to prevent the vibration of the spindles, and to afford a greater facility
for "doffing" or dismounting the bobbins when full of "roving" or slubbling.
Although this construction or arrangement of the roving and slubbing frame
(which I consider of importance in this part of the preparation processes) has

page_text: been previously known, it has not been commonly or efficiently practised,
for reasons which will be obvious after the description of my present
improvements.
And in order that these improvements may be more readily described and
understood, I have attached to these Presents a Sheet of Drawings, representing
such detached parts of the roving and slubbing machines as will be sufficient
to illustrate the nature of my said improvements, and the manner in which
the same are to be performed, being drawn upon a scale of about half the real
size, and marked with figures and letters of reference.corresponding with the
following description:-
Fig. 1 is a front elevation of two of the spindles and flyers, &c. of a roving
or slubbing machine. a, a, is the spindle, which is to be stationary, and
bolted or fastened to the step or foot rail b, b; c, c, is the bobbin, mounted on
the spindle by means of the washer d, which is fast to the bevilled pinion e,
gearing with the bevilled wheel f, fixed on the driving shaft g, extending
throughout the machine, and driving each bobbin in a similar manner; h, h,
is a common "presser" flyer, which is well known, and is suspended in the
rails i and j, by being fast to or of one piece with the tube or guide k, the
whole being caused to revolve, and to effect the winding of the roving or
slubbing on to the bobbin, by means of the bevilled gearing m, m, and
driving shaft n, n, or by any other convenient arrangement; this description
of roving or slubbing frame may be used either in a horizontal or perpendicular
position. This flyer is provided with a metallic ring o, o, which confines the
ends of the flyer arms, and thus, by preventing their expansion when revolving
at high velocities, enables the machine to be driven so much the more
quickly without any corresponding ill effect, and which improvement may also
be applied to ordinary roving and slubbing flyers. A small spherical disc or
washer P is provided above the flyer, for the purpose of preventing the oil
(supplied to the flyer) from falling on to the bobbin, or running down the flyer
arms below, and causing the oil to flow along the rail j instead, where it may
possibly be collected; but at all events it is prevented from descending on to
the bobbins. It will be seen that the whole of the lower part of the machine,
that is, the bobbins, spindles, and their rails and gearing, must be caused to
rise and fall, which may be effected by any ordinary and well-known copping
motion, and is shewn at its lowest position by the red lines in Fig. 1; and that
when the bobbins become full of "roving" or "slubbing," and it is required
to "doff" or dismount them, it is only necessary to lower the foot rail, which
will withdraw the spindles from the bobbins (as seen in blue lines in this
Figure), and then the bobbins may be most readily removed by hand, and

page_text: empty ones supplied as the spindles and rail are replaced. Fig. 2 shows the
flyer, oil disc, and driving pinion in section.
Figs. 3 and 4 represent a further modification of the roving and slubbing
flyer, and is designed as an improvement on the common or well-known
'presser flyer." It will be seen that the difference in this Fig. 3, is simply
making the "presser" a as a slight hanging bar attached alongside the leg
of the flyer, the pressure being effected by the spring b, and which may be
either above or below the swivel joint c. By this modification of the "presser"
flyer, the ordinary spur presser is dispensed with, and the "piecing" more
readily performed, as well as also dispensing with the objectionable coil of the
roving or slubbing usually made round the spur or presser, which frequently
distorts and drags the roving or slubbing.
Fig. 4 is another modification of the above, whereby, by the peculiar form
and application of the spring b, the pressure of the loose leg a will be very
much if not quite equalized throughout the entire diameter during the forma-
tion of the bobbin. By attaching a small tube to the loose leg a, the fixed
tube may be dispensed with from the point of the swivel joint.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Raynsford Jackson, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Third day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-four.
ROBERT RAYNSFORD (L.S.) JACKSON.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Third day of May, in the
year above mentioned, the aforesaid Robert Raynsford Jackson came before
our Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained, in form above written.
And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statute in that case made and provided.