Improvements in Apparatus for Use in Oreating Currents of Air or Gases, more especially intended for Effecting the Ventilation of Sewers.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Apr., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 25th Jan., 1897-Accepted, 17th Apr., 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Use in Oreating Currents of Air or
Gases, more especially intended for Effecting the Ventilation of
Sewers.
1, STEPHEN HOLMAN, of 15 Great George Street, in the City of Westminster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates more especially to apparatus of the class described in the
Specifications of Letters Patent No. 20781 and 20881 granted to me and my
Baid invention has more particularly for its object to simplify the said apparatus,
and render it more effective and safer, by providing means for preventing all
danger of back-firing, of the gases. According to my invention the furuace,
within the apparatus at the top of the pipe leading from the sewer may be
generally like that described in my Specification of Letters Patent 20881, but
the sections which are placed together to form the vertical passages for the
uprising sewer gases receive only the said gases there being no provision for the
products of combustion joining the said gases at the lower part of the said vertical
passages. I make in the crown over the tubular extension leading from the burner
of the furnace an orifice over which I place an inverted cap leaving a space
between its edges and the said crown for the escape of the products of combustion
from the furnace, or burner, to meet the sewer gases rising from the top of the
aforesaid vertical passages. The said inverted cap can be adjusted vertically to
regulate the exit for the said products of combustion. This can be effected by
providing the cap with legs which rest on iuclines in, or on, the crown so that the
cap ou being turned will, by means of its legs, rest on a higher, or lower, part of
the said inclines. The gases from the sewer are not allowed to come into contact
with the flame of the lantern of the lamp at the top of the pedestal through which
they pass, and this I effect by making the exit tube for the gases and products
from the furnace beneath extend up through the lantern, the burner or burners of
the lamp being outside, or surrounding, this tube and being preferably of two
kinds, one for illuminating, and the other for heating, effect, with a three-way gas
tap by which gas can be turned on to one, or the other, as desired. The kind for
heating may be on an ordinary atmospheric gas ring surrounding the exit tube and
may be used in the day time, whilst the burners for illuminating may be on another
ring for use at night time. The lower end of the portion of the exit tube which
passes through the lantern may be made to rest in a socket at the top of the length
of the tube beneath it and the upper end of the said portion may be provided with
projections at top by which it will rest on the top of the opening through the roof
of the lantern. The air for combustion is taken from outside the lantern and the
products of combustion from the lantern rise up and pass into a bell, or canopy,
and then pass up through a tube, surrounding the exit tube, and, escape at the top
of the lautern with the gases passing from the exit tube. The part of the exit
tube which is in the lantern can by its arrangement as aforesaid be readily removed
and replaced and adjusted.
In some cases the heat from the burner or burners in the lantern alone may be.
relied upon to obtain the necessary draught for removing the gases.
In places where electricity is available the exit tube passing through the
antern may be heated by electricity to cause the sewer gases and foul air to pass
hrough it.

page_text: In the arrangement described in my Specification of 20881" there is a tendency
for the flame of the burner of the furnace in the lower part of the apparatus to
be affected by air currents. To guard against this 1 surround the part below the
burner with a guard-tube supported in such a way as to allow of air passing
beneath it and up within it to the burner. Although I have described my iuven-
tion as applied to the ventilation of sewers it may be employed in the ventilation
of other places from which gases, or foul air, are, or is, to he removed.
Dated this 23rd day of April 1896.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47 Lincoln's lun Fields, London, W.C., Agents.
improvements in Apparatus for Use in Oreating Ourrents of Air or
Gases, more especially intended for Effecting the Ventilation of
Sewers.
I STEPHEN HOLMAN of No. 1 Collingham Road, South Kensington, late of
15 Great George Street in the City of Westminster Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
My invention relates more especially to apparatus of the class described in the
Specifications of Letters Patent Nos. 20781/92 and 20881/94 granted to me, and
my said invention has moro particularly for its object to simplify the said apparatus,
and render it more effective and safer by providing means for preventing all danger
of back-firing of the gases.
I will describe my invention with reference to the accompanying drawings
Figure of which represents in vertical section the lower part of a pedestal
containing apparatus constructed according to my invention,
Figure 2 is a vertical section of a lantern containing burners and provided with
means for heating the tube through which the gases or foul air passes on its way
to the atmosphere, and
Figure 3, is a plan of the atmospheric burner and gas tubes in the lantern.
The pedestal A is placed over the open upper end of the pipe or passage A' in
communication with the sewer or other place from which gases or foul air is to be
removed. Within the lower part of the pedestal A is a furnace comprising a gas
burner D, provided with a cap a with wire gauze at top and bottom to prevent
back lighting, and also with a governor for determining the amount of gas
passing through the gas supply pipe B' to the said hurner. The apparatus in
connection with the furnace may be generally like that described in my Specifica-
tion of Letters Patent 20881/94, but the sections K which are placed together to
form the vertical passages for the uprising sewer gases or the like receive only the
said gases, the products of combustion from the furnace not being admitted to
these sections to join the said gases at the lower part of the said vertical passages
as in the arrangement described in the specification hereinbefore referred to.
I make in the crown H over the tubular extension F F F, leading from the
burner D of the furnace, an orifice h over which I place a cap H, leaving a
space, between its lower edge and the said crown H for the escape of the products
of combustion from the furnace, or burner D, to meet the sewer gases or the like rising
from the top of the aforesaid vertical passages K. The said gases and the products
of combustion meet in a hood M and pass together through an opening N in the
hood into a pipe or passage O in the pedestal A. The cap H' can be adjusted
vertically to regulate the exit for the said products of combustion, from the

page_text: furnace D. This can be effected by providing the said cap with legs h³ which rest
on inclined surfaces on the crown Hor on the inclined bottom of grooves or recesses
in the crown, so that the cap on being turned will, by means of its legs, rest on a
higher, or lower, part of the said inclines. The gases from the sewer are not
allowed to come into contact with the flaine of the burners in the lantern at the
top of the pedestal, when such burners are used in combination with the furnace
and apparatus in the lower part of the pedestal, so that even in the case of town
gas leaking into the sewer there will be no fear of explosions, and this 1 effect by
making the exit tube D' D', in connection with the pedestal, or with the tube or
passage for the gases and products from the furunce beneath, extend up through
the lantern, the burner or burners L being outside, or surrounding, the tube D'.
The burners in the lantern are of two kinds, one for illuminating and the other for
heating effect, a three-way alternating gas tap N' being provided by which gas can
be turned on to either one, or the other, of the burners as desired. The burner for
heating may be on an ordinary atmospheric gas ring S surrounding the exit tube D'
and may be used in the day time, whilst the burners for illuminating are on another
ring T for use at night time or when required, bye-pass tubes Y and V being also
provided for supplying gas to pilot jets. Qis the gas service pipe a branch from
which is provided with a stop cock P for regulating the supply of gas to the
burners Land S, a governor O being arranged in connection with the branch pipe
to determine the amount of gas to be consumed by the said burners. When
incandescent gas burners with mantles are used I provide means whereby the said
mantles are prevented from being injured by vibrations, for this purpose I connect
the burners to the ring T by flexible connections M' which may be of indiarubber
or other suitable material.
R is a chamber through which air enters the ring S of the atmospheric burner.
W is a flange on the top of the pedestal A to support the lautern and the burners,
the three way cock N' being also carried on this flauge-the lantern being fitted
into a socket C and secured therein by a screw B. The lower end of the portion D'
of the exit tubo for the sewer gases rests on a shoulder at the socket C at the top
of the pedestal A and the upper end of the portion D' of the said exit tube is
surrounded by an outer tube G provided with projections U at or ucar the top by
which it rests on the edge of the opening through the roof of the lautern, distance
pieces Z being provided to keep the tubes D' and G apart to form an annular
space through which the products of combustion from the burners Land S pass.
Over the upper ends of the tubes D' and G is a dome shaped chamber H' provided
in the interior with gills or webs which form an extended heating surface, heated
by the escaping products of combustion from the burners, against which heated
surface the sewer gases or the like rising up the exit tube DD' come into contact
whereby the said gases are rendered innoxious. The air for supporting combustion
is taken from outside the lantern and the products of combustion from the burners L
and heating burner S rise up and pass into a bell; or canopy E, and thence pass.up
through the annular space F, and escape with the gases passing from the exit
tube D' D' at the top of the lantern through or between louvres K. The part of
the exit tube for the sewer gases or the like which is in the lantern is proferably
made in parts as shewn so that it can be readily removed and replaced when
required.
In some cases the heat from the burner or burners L or from the burner S in
the lantern alone may be relied upon to obtain the necessary draught for removing
the gases.
In the arrangement described in my Specification of 20881/94 there is a tendency
for the flame of the burner of the furnace in the lower part of the apparatus to be
affected by air currents. To guard against this I surround the burner D below the
point of combustion with a guard-tube D' supported in such a way as to allow the
air which enters by the tubular perforated passages Q' to pass beneath the said
guard tube and up within it to the burner the air passing thence up through the
aunular space between the extensious F F F and passages K to the crown H the

page_text: said air in its passages through this annular passage being heated by coming in
contact with gills or projections on the exterior surfaces of the extensions F F F
In places where electricity is available the exit tube D' D' for the sewer gas and
foul air may be heated by insulating the said tube and providing an adjustable
resistance which may be in action either when the electric light is in use, or when
it is not in use. The heat thus generated by the current of electricity passing
through the resistance will cause the sewer gases and foul air to rise and pass
through the exit tube D' D' in the same manner as if it were heated by gas.
Although I have described my invention as applied to the veutilation of sewers
it may be employed in the ventilation of other places from which gases, or foul air,
are, or is, to be removed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be perforined, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In apparatus of the kind hereinbefore referred to the combination with the
burner D, of the tubular extensions FF F, the crown H with hole (4) therein
covered by a cap (H) adjustable in height to vary as required the passage between
the cap and the crown II for the escape of the products of combustion from the
burner D, substantially as hereinbefore described.
2. In combination with the subject matter of the previous claim of the tubular
passages K for sewer gases or the like so arranged that the said gases meet the
products of combustion from the furnace burner, at the top of the extensions F F¹ F*
only, substantially as herein before described.
.
3. In apparatus of the kind herein before described the tube D' surrounding the
furnace burner below the point of combustion, substantially as aud for the purpose
hereinbefore described.
4. In apparatus for the purpose hereinbefore described tubes or passages for the
sewer gases or the like extending up through a lantern provided with heating
.burners and illuminating burners capable of being used together or soparately as
desired the sewer gases being heated by the burners without coming in contact
with the flame of tho burners, substantially as bereinbefore described.
5. In apparatus of the kind berein before described the combination with a
lantern having heating burners and illuminating burners, of a three way alternating
cock for directing gas to one or other of the burners as required, substantially as
hereinbefore described.
6. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the apparatus for
effecting the ventilation of sewers or for removing gases or foul air from other
places, substantially as hereinbefore described aud illustrated by Figure 1 of the
accompanying drawings.
7. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the apparatus for
ventilating sewers or removing gases or foul air from other places and for
illuminating and heating purposes, substantially as herein before described and
illustrated by Figure 2 of the accompanying drawings.
8. The combination and arrangement of parts illustrated by Figures 1 and 2
constituting the apparatus for ventilating sewers or for removing gases or foul air
from other places without the said gases or foul air coming into contact with the
flames of the burners, substantially as herein before described.
Dated this 25th day of January 1897.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agonts.