IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1884

page_text: I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co, Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex do hereby declare the nature
of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER AND IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS THEREFOR " to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object the making, by the use of machinery, of sheets
of paper that shall have all the merits and characteristics of hand-made paper; and
it comprises a method of making successive sheets of paper and means or apparatus
therefor; it also comprises an improved bottom for the mould-box, a device for
imparting the desired surface to the paper between the press-rolls, and certain
details of construction, as hereinaftor described.
I will describe the said invention as applied to the Harpor improved Fourdrinier
machines. The frame of the machine is of the material and construction common
to this class; and the machine is provided with the wire, the wire-rolls, and_small
tubular wire-supporting rolls, arranged in suitable bearings in the frame. It also
has a coucher-roll, pivotally suspended in a coucher-frame; and an endless piece of
felt, which passes over the coucher-roll, over the felt-rolls, and between the press-
rolls that are journalled in bearings in the ordinary manner.
The wire is adjusted, as to tension, by means of adjustable rolls supported in
movable bearings having means for clamping them to the standards, and the felt
is adjusted, as to tension, by means of tension-rolls which are moved in their
bearings by means of a screw-threaded shaft and connected mechanism. These
general features of the machine are of ordinary construction and operation.
The flanged pulleys are fixed on the transverse shafts and support the deckles,
which, so far as the side deckles are concerned, are of ordinary material and
construction; but at suitable intervals along the deckles I arrange transverse bars
of like material to the bands which form the side deckles, and these are preferably
triangular in cross-section, and arranged with the bearing-faces of the cross-pieces
in the same plane with the bearing surface of the side deckles when they rest upon
the wire. By this means a series of individual and separate compartments are
formed by the contact of the side deckles and cross-bars with the wire.
The stuff, having been properly beaten and strained, is pumped from the
stuff-box into a trough, from which it overflows into the first compartment at the
left of the deckle-frame. The cross-bars of the deckle, in connection with the side
deckles, hold a given supply of pulp in this forming-space or mould-box.

page_text: A movable bed, preferably of india-rubber or like clastic matorial, is supported
in the form of an endless apron by suitable rolls, and extends below, and slightly
beyond, the forming-space in such manner that the bed is carried by the rolls
underneath the wire as it passes over the tubular rolls in its passage from end to
end of the horizontal part of the wire. The water drains from the pulp as the wire
and the deckles move along, until, as the pulp passes over the suction-box the
greater part of the moisture is exhausted from the pulp in the ordinary manner.
By the devices already mentioned a continued series of successive sheets are
formed upon the wire between the sides and the cross-bars of the deckles, and
these sheets are transferred at the coucher-roll from the wire to the felt, and they
are moved with the felt along, and over, the machine until they are passed between
the press-rolls. If the upper press-rolls, were of metal, the paper would stick to
the rolls and would tear in the removal; but to prevent this, and to give to the
paper the desired appearance on both surfaces, I make use of an endless piece of
felt supported by transverse rolls in bearings in the frame. Ordinary means, such
as a screw-threaded shaft and wheel in combination with movable bearings, are
used, for adjusting the tension of the felt and the pressure between the press-rolls,
respectively. The sheets, as they pass between the felts at the press-rolls, continuo
to cling to either of the felts with an equal tenacity, and the result is that gravity
causes them to remain on the lower felt, from which they are removed by the
machine-tender.
The sheets of paper produced by this within described process and machinery
have the peculiar surfaces, and the peculiar deckle-edge common to hand-mado
papers.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake, and Co, Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex do hereby declare the nature
of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER AND IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS THEREFOR and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
"

page_text: comprises a method of making successive sheets of paper and means or apparatus
therefor; it also comprises an improved bottom for the mould-box, a device for
imparting the desired surface to the paper between the press-rolls, and certain
details of construction as hereinafter described.
In the accompanying drawing
Figure 1 is a view in sido elevation of so much of a paper-making machine as is
necessary to illustrate my improvements.
Figure 2 is a plan view of the same, partly in section, the frame and connected
parts being cut away above the lino x, of Figure 1, the endless felt removed, and
also the upper part of the deckles.
The said invention is shown in the drawing as applied to the Harper improved
Fourdrinier machines, and the letter a therein denotes the frame of the machine
which is of the material and construction common to this class; b is the wire;
c the wire rolls, and & the small tubular wire-supporting rolls, arranged in suitable
bearings in the frame.
e denotes the coucher-roll pivotally suspended in the croucher-frame f; g, the
endless felt which passes over the coucher-roll, over the felt-rolls h, and between
the press-rolls i, j, that are journalled in bearings in the ordinary manner.
The wire is adjusted as to tension by means of the adjustable rolls b¹, supported
in movable bearings having means for clamping them to the standards b², and the
felt is adjusted as to tension by means of the tension-rolls g', which are moved in
their bearings g² by means of the screw-threaded shaft g³ and connected mechanism.
These general features of the machine are of ordinary construction and operation.
The flanged pulleys are fixed on the transverse-shafts m and support the
deckless n, which, so far as the side deckles are concerned, are of ordinary material
and construction; but at suitable intervals along the deckles I arrange the trans-
verse bars n', of like material to the bands which form the side deckles, and theso
are preferably triangular in cross-section, and arranged with the bearing-faces of
the cross-pieces in the same plane with the bearing-surface of the side deckles
when they rest upon the wire. By this means as will be seen by reference
to Figure 2, a series of individual and separato compartments n' are formed by the
contact of the side deckles and cross-bars with the wire.
The stuff, having been properly beaten and strained, is pumped from the stuff-
box into the trough o, from which it overflows into the first compartment at the
left of the deckle frame (Figure 1). The cross-bars of the deckle, in connection
with the side deckles, hold a given supply of pulp in this forming-space or
mould-box.
A movable bed p, preferably of india-rubber, or like elastic material, is supported
in the form of an endless apron by the rolls c, pl, and by part of the rolls d; and it
extends below and slightly beyond the forming-space in such manner that the bed
is carried by the rolls underneath the wire as it passes over the tubular rolls & in
its passage from end to end of the horizontal part of the wire. The water drains
from the pulp as the wire and the deckles move along, until, as the pulp passes over
the suction-box o³, the greater part of the moisture is exhausted from the pulp in
the ordinary manner.
By the devices already mentioned a continued series of successive sbects are
formed upon the wire between the sides and the cross-bars of the deckles, and these
sheets are transferred at the coucher-roll from the wire to the felt g, and they are
moved with the felt along and over the machine in the direction indicated by the
overlying arrows until they are passed between the press-rolls ij. If the upper
press-rolls were of metal, the paper would stick to the rolls and would tear in the
removal; but to prevent this and to give to the paper the desired appearance on
both surfaces, I make use of the endless felt r, supported by transverse rolls in
bearings in the frame 1. Ordinary means such as a screw-threaded shaft and
wheel in combination with movable bearings, are used as shewn at 73, 7, for
adjusting the tension of the felt r and the pressure between the press-rolls,
respectively. The sheets, as they pass between the felts at the press-rolls,

page_text: continue to cling to either of the felts with an equal tenacity, and the result
is that gravity causes them to remain on the lower felt g, from which they are
removed at A by the machine-tender.
In the foregoing drawings many parts common to paper-making machines have
been omitted, in order to make more clear the principal details of my invention, but
enough of the connected parts are shown to illustrato my improvements.
The sheets of paper produced by the herein described process and machinery
have the peculiar surfaces and the peculiar deckle-edge common to hand-made
papers.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed as communicated
to me by my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is
First. The herein described method of making sheets of paper, which consists in
forming the sheets in succession in compartments upon the wire of the paper-
making machine of the Fourdrinier type, and subjecting the sheets to pressure
between felts as they pass between the press-rolls, all substantially as described.
Second. In a paper-making machine in combination with the wire, deckle-edges
provided with transverse connecting-bars, whereby separate and distinct compart-
ments are formed upon the wire, all substantially as described.
Third. In a paper-making machine, in combination, the wire, the deckles, and an
endless apron supported beneath the wire and travelling with the latter for a
certain distance along its horizontal path whereby a movable bed is formed, all
substantially as described.
Fourth. In combination, in a paper making machine, the deckles having the
connected cross-bars, the wire, and the endless apron arranged beneath the wire
whereby a bed is provided for the forming-section, all substantially as described.
Fifth. In a paper-making machine, the combination of the felt g the felt r and
their successive supporting and propelling rolls, all substantially as described, and
for the purpose set forth.
Sixth. In a paper-making machine the combination of the lower press-roll i, the
upper press-roll j, and the felts g and r with connected felt supporting and
propelling mechanism, all substantially as described.
ו.
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100%
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
For the Applicant.