IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Lowe and Edmund Taylor, both of Bury, in the
County of Lancaster, Paper-making Machine Men, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Lowe and Edmund
Taylor at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th February
1879.
JAMES LOWE and EDMUND TAYLOR, both of Bury, in the County of Lancaster,
Paper-making Machine Men. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER."
Our Invention relates to improvements in the formation of the selvedge edges of
the paper upon the wire of the paper making machine whereby such edges are
rendered more true and uniform, their strength is considerably increased, and the
necessity for what is known as "piecing up" is obviated or greatly diminished.
In carrying out our Invention the pulp is conveyed from the vat or pulp chests
on to the endless wire cloth, and the edges of the paper are first formed in the
ordinary manner with the Deckle straps until the pulp or wet paper passing with
the wire cloth arrives at the first suction box. In front of the box at a convenient
distance at each side of the machine we cause a jet of air, steam, or other gas or
vapour, or mixture of the same, to be projected in an upward or slanting direction
from beneath the wire cloth against the fibrous and ragged edges of the paper while
it still contains a considerable amount of moisture. The loose and protruding fibres
of the irregular Deckle edges thus become felted or curled over into the body of the
paper, whereby they are rendered stronger and more uniform without however
materially affecting the thickness of that portion of the paper when completed.
When air is employed it may be introduced from a receptacle maintained supplied
by a force pump, fan blower, or other convenient means, or the air may be forced
direct upon the edges of the paper by means of one of such appliances without the
intervention of the said receptacle or reservoir. When a mixture of air and steam
is found advantageous a current of air may be induced by means of a steam jet, and
the mixture of air and steam be projected on to the edges of the paper under
treatment.

page_text: The Invention is more particularly applicable to the manufacture of tissue and
other thin papers, and by its use in the said manufacture the following advan-
tages will be obtained, via. :-First. Less broken or waste paper is produced and a
saving of pulp is effected.
Second. Less expensive material may be used for thin papers, as the same
strength of fibre will not be required to make the paper run on the machine.
Third. Tissues and the like may be run much thinner with the same material
now used, which will be of special benefit and saving to those papers containing a
great weight of dye or other heavy matter.
Fourth. The paper machine may be run at a higher rate of speed where
practicable.
Fifth. The pulp may be beaten finer in the rag engines and more water may be
mingled with it at the machine, thus imparting a closer and finer appearance to the
paper.
Sixth. In making some classes of paper in continuous webs the edges being much
more uniform will not require trimming.
Seventh. A saving in wires and Deckles straps is effected as the latter do not
require to be pressed so heavily upon the wire, thus causing less wear and tear.
This Invention can be applied' at very small cost to existing machinery.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said James Lowe and Edmund Taylor in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 18th August 1879.
JAMES LOWE and EDMUND TAYLOR, both of Bury, in the County of Lancaster,
Paper Making Machine Men. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER."
Our said Invention relates to improvements in the formation of the selvage edges
of the paper upon the wire or travelling cloth of the paper making machine,
whereby such edges are rendered more true and uniform, their strength is con-
siderably increased, and the necessity for what is known as piecing-up" is
obviated or greatly diminished.
The accompanying Drawing represents in side elevation a portion of a paper
making machine of ordinary construction with the improvements applied thereto
which form the subject of our said Invention.
a is the endless wire cloth of an ordinary machine, b is one of the Deckle straps,
and c is the suction box or the first suction box (where two are employed). The
pulp is conveyed from the vat or pulp chests on to the endless wire cloth a, and the
edges of the paper are first formed in the ordinary manner with the Deckle straps b,
until the pulp or wet paper passing with the wire cloth arrives near the first
suction box C. In front of the box at each side of the machine, at a convenient
distance from the box, say, for example, at d, we cause a jet or jets of air, steam, or
other gas or vapour or mixture of the same to be projected in an upward or slanting
direction from beneath the wire cloth a, so as to impinge against the fibrous and
ragged edges of the paper while it still contains a considerable amount of moisture.
The loose and protruding fibres of the irregular Deckle edges thus become felted or
curled over into the body of the paper, whereby they are rendered stronger and
more uniform without however materially affecting the thickness of that portion of
the paper when completed.
It is obvious that the exact position indicated for the application of the jet is not
indispensable, as if desired, the jet may be arranged behind the suction box or
between the two suction boxes (when two are employed), or in any other convenient
position.
When air is employed, it may be introduced from a receptacle, maintained
supplied by a force pump, fan, blower, or other convenient means, or the air may
be forced direct upon the edges of the paper by means of one of such appliances,
without the intervention of the said receptacle or reservoir. When a mixture of
air and steam is found advantageous, a current of air may be induced by means of
a steam jot, and the mixture of air and steam be projected on to the edges of the
paper under treatment. When other gases or vapours or mixtures of the same are
employed, they may be applied in a similar manner.
The Invention is more particularly applicable to the manufacture of tissue and
other thin papers; by its use in the said manufacture the following advantages are
obtained, viz.,-
First. Less broken or waste paper is produced and a saving of pulp is effected.
Second. Less expensive material may be used for thin papers, as the same
strength of fibre will not be required to make the paper run on the machine.
Third. Tissues and the like may be run much thinner with the same material
now used, which will be of special benefit and saving in the case of thoso papers
containing a great weight of dye, or other heavy matter.
Fourth. The paper machine may be run at a higher rate of speed where
practicable.
Fifth. The pulp may be beaten finer in the rag engines, and more water may
be mingled with it at the machine, thus imparting a closer and finer appearance to
the paper.
Sixth. In making some classes of paper in continuous webs, the edges being much
more uniform will not require trimming.

page_text: Seventh. A saving in machine wires and Deckle straps is effected, as the latter
do not require to be pressed so heavily upon the wire, thus causing loss wear and
tear.
The said Invention can be applied at very small cost to existing machinery.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, we would observe in conclusion that what we consider to be novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to us by the hereinbefore in
part recited Letters Patent is,-
In the formation or finishing of the edges of the paper upon the travelling cloth
of the paper making machine, the employment of a jet or jets of air or steam or
other gas or vapour or mixture of the same applied in such a manner that the said
jet or jets are caused to impinge against the unfinished edges of the paper at a
suitable point of its traverse through the machine, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
In witness whereof, wo, the said James Lowe and Edmund Taylor, have to
this our Specification set our hands and seals, this Seventh day of August,
One thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.
JAMES LOWE.
(L.S.)
EDMUND TAYLOR. (L.S.)