Im- PROVEMENTS IN HATS AND IN APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE SAME.
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Lochhead, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of “Im-
PROVEMENTS IN HATS AND IN APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE SAME.'
23
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Lochhead at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 24th June 1875.
I, WILLIAM LOCHHEAD, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HATS AND IN APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE SAME,"
to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object the formation of hats in an improved
manner, and so that the interiors thereof may be thoroughly and
efficiently ventilated, but without partial currents. !
"
The Invention consists principally in forming a large number of
minute perforations in the shell or body of the hat before the external

page_text: covering of plush or silk is applied. The backing or interwoven part of
the plush being permeable, air can pass with sufficient freedom through
it and through the perforations of the body, whilst the perforations are
quite invisible from the outside.
The crown is by preference perforated as well as the cylindrical or
curved surface, and the air in the interior is continually undergoing
change in a slow and gradual but thoroughly efficient manner.
The hat body may be made of a perforated or permeable material
instead of being perforated after it is shaped.
When the hat body is shaped before being perforated the perforations
in the crown may be all formed at once by a multiple punch or a plate
fitted with the requisite number of punches, and moved in guides by
means of a lever or revolving shaft, the hat body being placed between
the punches and a fixed resisting plate.
For punching the cylindrical or curved part a multiple punch with
one or two longitudinal rows of punches is used, being moved in guides
by means of a lever or revolving shaft; and the hat body is held between
the punches and a fixed resisting bar, which projects into the inside of
the hat, the hat body being turned round a little between each stroko
of the punch until the circuit is completed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Lochhead in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 23rd December 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
LOCHHEAD, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Civil
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of June, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said William Lochhead, Her
special licence that I, the said William Lochhead, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Lochhead,

page_text: my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree.
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might makė,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HATS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE SAME," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Lochhead, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and scals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Lochhead, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement in writing, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, that is to say :-
My said Invention has for its object the formation of hats in an
improved manner, and so that the interiors thereof may be thoroughly
and efficiently ventilated, but without partial currents.
1
My said Invention consists principally in forming a large number of
minute perforations in the shell or body of the hat before the external
covering of plush or silk is applied. The backing or interwoven part of
the plush being permeable, air can pass with sufficient freedom through
it and through the perforations of the body, whilst the perforations aro
quite invisible from the outside.
The crown is by, preference perforated as well as the cylindrical or
curved surface, and the air in the interior is continually undergoing
change in a slow and gradual but thoroughly efficient manner.
:
The hat body may be made of perforated or permeable material instead
of being perforated after it is shaped.
And in order that my said Invention and the manner of performing
the same may be properly understood, I hereunto append an explanatory
Drawing to be herein-after referred to, and representing one modification
of apparatus for effecting my improvements.

page_text: The apparatus is shown in side elevation, and consists of a cast-iron
framing 1 set on two standards 2, and carrying the operating mechanism.
The apparatus is represented as arranged for acting on the cylindrical or
curved part of the hat body 3. The framing 1 has bolted to it a per-
forated resisting bar 4, on which the hat body 3 to be perforated is
suspended. Directly over this bar 4 is a multiple punch 5, with one or
two longitudinal rows of punches, and this punch is attached to a bar 6,
sliding vertically in guides formed on the framing 1, making perforations
in the hat body 3 corresponding to the number of punches at every
downward stroke.
Motion is imparted to the punch 5 by an eccentric pin 7 on a disc 8
acting in a horizontal slot formed at the upper end of the punch bar 6.
The disc 8 is fixed on a revolving shaft carried in bearings in the
framing 1, and on this shaft there is a spur wheel 9 in gear with a
pinion 10 on an intermediate shaft 11, which is caused to rotate by a
pulley 12, driven by a belt from a fly wheel pulley 13 turning on a
stud 14 fixed to the standard 2. The pulley 13 has on it a crank pin 15,
connected by a rod 16 to a foot lever or treadle 17, by which it is.
actuated. The hat body 3 is shifted a short distance round between each
stroke of the punch 5 by a roughened or spiked roller 18, projecting
inside the hat, and which also serves as a tension roller to hold the hat
body firmly on the perforated resisting bar 4. The spiked roller 18 is
fitted on a spindle 19, supported by an elongated bearing bracket 20
bolted to the framing 1, and receives periodic motion through a ratchet
wheel 21, also on the spindle 19, from a pawl 22 on a lever jointed to
the lower end of a rod 23, the upper end of which is connected to a short
lever 24 on a rocking spindle carried in a bearing 25 on the framing.
The other end of this rocking spindle has on it a lever 26, which is
struck by a wiper 27 on the spur wheel 10 at each revolution. The
ratchet feed motion is so arranged as that the perforations made round
the hat body 3 by the depression of the punch 5 will be equally spaced,
and any tendency of the ratchet wheel 21 to turn backwards by the
friction of the pawl 22 against it in descending is prevented by a pawl 28
hanging from the framing 1, and catching into the teeth of the wheel 21.
The bolt by which the bearing bracket 20 is attached to the framing
passes through a slot in that bracket, and permits of the vertical adjust-
ment of the spindle 19 and spiked roller 18 to suit different sizes.
of hat.

page_text: When the hat body is shaped before being perforated the perforations
in the crown may be all formed at once by a multiple punch, or in
other words by a plate fitted with the requisite number of punches, the
hat body being placed between the punches and a fixed resisting plate.
Such multiple punch for the crown may be substituted for that 5 shown
in the Drawing, a suitable fixed resisting plate being substituted for
the bar 4.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, I have to state that I do
not restrict myself to the precise details herein described or delineated,
but that what I believe to be novel and original and claim as the
Invention secured to me by the berein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is,―
1. The making of a hat with the shell or body perforated in the crown
and round the sides with a large number of small holes, substantially as
and for the purposes herein-before described.
2. The arranging or combining together of the parts of apparatus for
punching the cylindrical or curved parts of hat bodies, substantially as
herein-before described with reference to the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Lochhead, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of December, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.
5 Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
Wч. LOCHHEAD. (L.S.)