Improvements in Apparatus for Checking and Recording the Number of Passengers and Stages Travelled on Tram-cars and the like.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Jan., 1888
Specification Accepted, 23rd Mar., 1888
Improvements in Apparatus for Checking and Recording the
Number of Passengers and Stages Travelled on Tram-cars and
the like.
We RICHARD FOULKES of 118 Sandy Road, Seaforth, and WILLIAM HUTCHINSON
of 2 Chesnut Road, Seaforth, both in the County of Lancaster, Joiner and Postman
respectively, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to. be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
This invention is designed to avoid or greatly lessen the enormous expenditure now
entailed in Tram Companies by the check system. Numerous forms of turn-stile have
been invented, but none of them as far as we are aware, registers a correct account of
the numbers of passengers entering and going out at each stage, so that varying fares
can be taken.
The invention is best described by aid of the accompanying drawings, in which,
Figure 1 is a plan of the tail end of a tram car.
Figure 2 an elevation of part of same.
Figure 3 elevation of recording mechanism, partly in section, and with parts
removed.
Figure 4 end elevation of same with bevel gearing removed.
Figure 5 elevation partly in section of turn-stile for outside passengers, and of tally
box for same.
Figure 6 plan view of same.
Figure 7 vertical section of tally box, on line x, a, Figure 6.
Figure 8 arrangement used for driving the mechanism when a swing round car is
used.
A, A, are two turn-stiles with sliding arms so as to get into the smallest practicable*
compass, and be nearly back to back as shown, one of them is to check the entrance
(and exit or either of them) of inside passengers, the other is to perform a similar
duty for outside ones. B, B, are the arms of same sliding in the main bracket A' of
the turn-stile, and being guided by one, or other of their terminal bowls a being.
always in race B'. This latter is formed in a peculiar curve so as to throw out the
rm to its full extent, and prevent the passengers from leaving or entering without.
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page_text: moving that arm. The use of sliding arms broadly is not new, but we do not think
that two turn-stiles of this description have ever been arranged back to back in this
manner.
on each
The turn-stile main bracket A¹ has four pins or teeth b, b, projecting thereon which
by suitable levers C and rod D (or equivalent mechanism when the action is reversed
as in the inside passenger turn-stile) actuates the tally checking mechanism hereafter
described. Each turn-stile communicates its action by bevel gear E, E', to
shafts F, F. If desired, however, to only record the entries of passengers and not
their exits, each turnstile, by suitable ratchet motion, need only communicate action to
the bevel wheels when turned in one direction, namely, by passengers entering. If,
as we prefer, both entries and exits have to be recorded, no ratchet gear is fixed on
the turnstile shaft, but on each shaft F¹ we fix, as shown in the drawings, by a set
pin g or otherwise a double ratchet collar H gearing into a spring pawl
side respectively, in two worms I, I, one operated when shaft F' is rotating in one
direction, but slipping at other times, and the other coming into action only when the
shaft moves the reverse way. If only entries, not exits, are to be recorded, and the
ratchet is on the turnstile shaft, a single worm I on each shaft F¹ is all that is
necessary. If desirable, the ratchets shown in the drawing could be fixed to the
worms, and a pair of pawls be attached to collar H instead of the reverse movement.
Worms 1, I, gear into worm wheels K, K, on shafts k, k, each of these has a drum S
firmly fixed thereon, preferably by means of a conical bearing in a disc k¹ at bottom,
and a second bearing in a disc k near the top j, rigidity being secured by screwing
the drum tight down onto the conical journal by means of nut 4. Shafts k, k, are
held in place by bearings k, s, in platform L, which is firmly secured to the base
plate M by means of pillar supports 1, 1: N is a shaft geared to the axle of the car, as set
forth in Figure 2, or to a special axle O with a wheel P running on the rail as set
forth in Figure 8. This shaft N is held in gear with a second shaft Q by means of
clutch held against its complementary clutch q' on shaft Q by means of spring 92,
but capable of being thrown out of gear at any time by clutch lever q³ and press
pin q. By this means when the pencils hereafter described arrive near the top of the
druins, the shafts can be thrown out of gear and shaft Q screwed back to its zero
position by means of a handle on its squared end. In place of this, however, if
preferred, the nut R can be arranged in two pieces clamped together, and it can be
unclamped and lowered, then clamped at bottom afresh. This would admit of doing
without the clutch and double shaft, a single shaft doing the work, but we prefer
the arrangement shown in the drawings as more convenient. Shaft Q is threaded
above and carries a nut R with long arms S¹, S', having pencil holders s attached to
it, each holding a pencil s¹ against its respective drum. These arms are also guided
by pillars S3 which are firmly fixed in sockets on platform L. Returning now to
Figures 1, 5, 6, and 7, T, T, are two orifices in a board, one for each turnstile, into
which the conductor can insert an annular or rectangular tally each time a passenger
passes out through the respective turnstile. Below this orifice is a plate U with a
hiatus u, Figure 6, which is located below the orifice T when the stile is in normal.
position. The tally drops into flanges u¹ attached to plate U. The end of a rod V
extends a trifle above the flanges u¹ sufficient to catch into one tally and the space
between the upper level of flanges u' and the lower surface of plate U is only little.
more than the thickness of one tally. W is a spring on a pin W attached to plate U,
and passing through a stationary abutment X against which the spring abuts, Y is a
series of tallies which have been slipped onto rod V in the manner already described,
and y is a door forming the bottom of the box y', through which the tallies are
removed at the journey's end.
The mode of action is as follows:-
--
The guard stands in space Z opposite orifices T, as a passenger enters, he turns the
turnstile one quarter turn, this rotates S (the entrance recording drum say for inside
passengers) say of an inch causing the pencil to draw a horizontal line of that
length. The guard gives the passenger a tally corresponding to that stage of the
journey, as the car proceeds the gearing from the special wheel (Figure 8) on the

page_text: line or the main axle turns shafts N and Q slowly raising the pencils and drawing a
vertical line on each drum ; another passenger or set of passengers enter and lines of
of an inch horizontally for each passenger are drawn on their respective drums
"inside" or "outside" interrupting the vertical line and thus forming a series of zig
zags formed of eight angles as shown in Figure 3, or if passengers slowly turn the
stile while the car is in motion some of the lines may be slightly oblique. As the end
of one stage is reached the pencils on the drums cross the stage line = ruled round
the paper on the drums. When a passenger goes out, the conductor takes his tally and
charges him a fare corresponding to the distance run, drops the tally in orifice T
corresponding to inside or outside as the case may be, and removes the stop which
locks the stile from turning. The passenger goes out, a pin 6 draws back lever C,
and thus also link D pulling plate U forward till the tally comes to the end of
flanges u, and falls down onto the stem V on the removal of the strain caused by
pin in turning, the spring W brings plate U back to the normal position shown in
the drawing ready for another tally to be inserted.
By having different tallies for each stage or fare arranged in the guard's standing
place, and by his giving these to the passengers on entry, and receiving and storing
them in the box y on exit, as already described, an additional check is put upon the
conductor beside what the drums afford. When the tramcar comes to the end of the
journey or of the day's work the drums can be re-clothed with fresh diagram papers,
and the horizontal length of the lines on the respective drums show the numbers of
passengers entering and leaving the cars both inside and out, and their distance from
the starting point is shown vertically, or their position between the horizontal stage
lines, which were drawn originally on the diagram paper to represent the stages. The
diagrams show exactly when each entrance and exit took place. The tallies also give
the distance each has travelled, and the fare paid thus acting as a check on tampering
with the drums. If the guard wants to enter the car he can do it through the
railing in front of his stand, and thus not affect the turnstile. When the car has to
be turned round on its axis, the wheel P is raised up from its position on the rail by
any convenient mechanism (as for example that shown in Figure 8), the car swung
round and the wheel brought into action again.
The arrangement herein described can be varied in numerous ways. The turnstile
apparatus can be used without tallies, the drums can be supplied with long webs of
diagram paper passed round them.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we claim is:
1st. The combination in a tramcar, of two turnstiles, back to back, or nearly so,
one for inside, the other for outside, substantially as described and illustrated.
2nd. The combination with a turnstile and recording apparatus, of a tally system
and apparatus, substantially as described.
3rd. A set of recording drums and diagram papers or webs, in which the vertical
height shows the distance travelled, the horizontal distance the number of fares, both
being shown by the movement of a single point, whereby, the approximate place
where each entry or exit took place is recorded and is shown on the diagram, if the
various stages be marked off thereon.
4th. The mechanism for connecting the turnstiles with the drums, substantially as
described.