Waggons, and other Vehicles.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Feh., 1887
Complete Left, 10th Nov., 1887
Complete Accepted, 13th Dec., 1887
Waggons, and other Vehicles.
We, SOLOMON ANDREWS and FRANCIS EMILE ANDREWS both of Cardiff in the
County of Glamorgan, Carriage Builders, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows
This invention is chiefly designed for the wheels of vehicles which run on rails.
In these vehicles it is customary to fit the wheels tightly to the axles and as they
revolve the axles revolve with them. This necessitates that the wheels on each end of
the axle should turn together and an equal distance whether required or not by the
track on which they are moving. In turning curves the distance travelled by the
wheel on the outside must be greater than that travelled by the other and as both
must revolve together great unnecessary wear & tear is occasioned.
The object of this invention is to provide a wheel for such vehicles as have the
spring or bearings outside the wheel that will revolve on the spindle so that each
wheel may revolve independently of the other.
In carrying out this invention we prefer to make the wheels with a separate nave
though the nave & wheel may be made in one if desired. We will however
describe the invention with reference to a wheel with a separate nave. The nave is
turned or otherwise finished on the outside so as to receive the disc or wheel in as
Secure a manner as possible. Internally it is bored to fit the axle truly but at the
same time free to revolve thereon. At the back part it projects beyond the wheel
and is large enough to receive a plate or collar affixed to the axle and bolts or screws
which secure it to a loose plate or disc revolving with it on the shaft. A chamber or
reservoir to hold or contain oil or other lubricant is formed in the nave which may be

page_text: supplied from the outside by means of oil cup or the like. One two or more of such
reservoirs may be provided & fed from either back or front of the wheel or both. Or
a separate reservoir may be made in front of the nave either affixed to & revolving
with it or stationary with the axle. This would be bored out hollow to hold oil or
lubricant and fitted with suitable cover or cup through which to be supplied. The
wheel may either be made as a disc or spoke wheel preferably fitted to the separate
nave. When the wheel is made in one with the nave the tyre will be better made
separately & shrunk on. The wheel & nave may be secured to-gether by screwing
keying, shrinking, or other means. The wheels may be made of any of the materials
ordinarily used for the purpose.
Dated this 11th day of Wah 1000
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool,
Agents for the Applicants.

page_text: Improvements in Wheels for Tramway and Railway Carriages,
Waggons, and other Vehicles.
We, SOLOMON ANDREWS and FRANCIS EMILE ANDREWS both of Cardiff in the
County of Glamorgan, Carriage Builders, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention is chiefly designed for the wheels of vehicles, which run on rails.
In these vehicles it is customary to fit the wheels tightly to the axles and as they
revolve, the axles revolve with them. This necessitates that the wheels on each end
of the axle should turn together and an equal distance whether required or not by
the track on which they are moving. In turning curves the distance travelled by the
wheel on the outside must be greater than that travelled by the other, and as both
must revolve together, great unnecessary wear and tear is occasioned.
The object of this invention is to provide a wheel for such vehicles as have the
spring or bearings outside the wheel that will revolve on the spindle, so that each
wheel may revolve independently of the other.
The invention is best described by aid of the accompanying drawing which shows a
partial vertical section of a wheel and axle. It sets forth the invention in its most
improved form. The drawing shows forth improvements for which we have lately
applied for further provisional protection the insertion of which here, however, is
necessary in order to fulfil the law which requires that the inventor in his final
specification shall set forth the best mode known to him of carrying it into effect.
Those parts therefore which are shown here and not claimed, are not dedicated to the
public, but are reserved to be claimed under our application No. 13952 dated
October 14th 1887.
In carrying out this invention, we prefer to make the wheels with a separated
nave as shown, though the nave and wheel may be made in one, if desired.
J is
In the drawings, A is the wheel. B separate nave. A is preferably shrunk
onto B and secured in place by set pin a, a collar or nut C screwed onto B and
set pin D, preventing nut C from turning. The wheel can, however, be formed
in one with the nave or attached thereto in any other convenient manner.
an oil reservoir in the nave extending partially or entirely round the axle, and
having a single orifice filled with a screw cap I or other cap to prevent the lubricant
escaping. His the axle having an annular disc or collar hereafter called disc K
formed in one with it. The nave is kept up against this disc by a loose collar E
fitting against the disc and attached to the nave in any convenient manner.
provisional specification we propose to attach it by means of horizontal bolts or
In such case of course
screws passing through it into the projection B' on the nave.
B' would be much thicker radially from the axle than shown in the drawing, or
would be provided with a vertical flange for the accommodation of the bolts, screws
In our

page_text: or studs.
We now are of the opinion that the plan set forth in the drawing is best.
In this instead of using separate screws, we turn a screw thread on the exterior of B'
and an internal corresponding thread on E and screw the collar onto the nave, till it
comes against the disc K, stopping at the point where there is little friction, but no
perceptible play. Set screw G then is inserted and holds the collar tight. As wear
occurs, by simply undoing the set screw and tightening the collar, the wear can be
taken up.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we claim is :—
1st. The manufacture and use of wheels for tram cars and other vehicles in which
the nave is formed to fit up against or nearly against an annular disc or other
abutment on the axle, and a flanged collar or its equivalent bears against the opposite
side of the disc or abutment on the axle, and is firmly attached to the nave of the wheel
by bolts, screws or otherwise, but in such manner as not to clamp tight on the axle collar.
2nd. The wheel nave with its oil box or boxes constructed, substantially as
described.