Improvements in and relating to Corrugated Iron, Weatherboard, and such like Buildings.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Nov., 1892
Complete Specification Left. 17th Aug., 1893-Accepted, 30th Sept., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Corrugated Iron, Weatherboard,
and such like Buildings.
1, ROBERT ROBSON SPEIRS, of 286 West Princes Street, Glasgow, Lanarkshire,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to and comprises improvements in the construction:
of the walls and roofs of buildings, such as hospitals, churches, houses or such like,
whether temporary or permanent erections, whose outer coverings are formed of
corrugated iron, sheet zinc, weatherboard or equivalent materials and which
improvements will by preventing the rapid conduction of heat through the walls
or roof render it possible to more effectively regulate the temperature of the interior
of such buildings than has been the case heretofore.
By one modification of these improvements the walls of such buildings are formed
so far in an ordinary manner by erecting standards connected and bound together by
runners, and on the outside of these standards and runners securing a layer of felt
outside of which would be secured the sheets of corrugated iron, zinc, wooden
weatherboards. or other equivalent material used for the outer covering of such
walls. Instead however of securing the lining boards to the inside of said standards
and runners as is usually done to form the interior covering of the walls, in accord-
ance with the improvements of this invention a layer of non-conducting material such
as felt is first secured to the inside of the standards and runners and over this layer
of non-conducting material wood fillets which might be about half an inch thick
would be nailed or secured; to which fillets the inner lining boards would in turn
be secured. According to this construction a small space would be left between
the inner lining boards and the non-conducting material, and another and larger
space between the said material and the outer covering of felt and corrugated iron
or other material. Any good non-conducting material might be employed such as
the various kinds of felt but preferably a specially prepared "diatomite paper pulp
felt" would be employed.
In the case of roofs where the rafters and purlines were bound together flush
with one another similar to the standards and runners of the walls the method of
construction would be analogous to that described for walls, and the roofs be lined
with lining boards in the same manner as the walls.
In some cases however where the purlines of the roof are only partially checked
into the rafters leaving a part standing above them, and where the lining boards are
not secured to the rafters and purlines which are left exposed to the interior of the
building the construction would be slightly modified. In such cases the lining
boards would be secured to and outside of the purlines, and a layer of the non-
conducting felt material be secured over the lining boards. Wood fillets would
then be secured to the purlines by nailing through the felt, and outside, between
and to these fillets the ordinary outer lining felt would be stretched and secured
beneath the corrugated iron or other roofing over all. Other modifications might
be adopted the essential part of the invention consisting in the use of a layer of
good non-conducting material in walls and roofs having an extra air space on one
side to minimise or prevent the passage of heat through the walls or roofs.
For the purpose of allowing a free circulation of air between the lining boards of
the walls or roofs and the non-conducting felt material, perforated metal sheets or
other equivalents might be fitted over openings in the linings at the lower and upper
part; with regulating shutters or dampers, either at the lower or upper openings,

page_text: and perforations or openings be formed in the several fillets above each other to
permit the air to pass.
Dated the 19th November 1892.
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
96, Buchanan Street, Glasgow, Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Corrugated Iron, Weatherboard,
and such like Buildings.
I, ROBERT ROBSON SPEIRS, of 286 West Princes Street, Glasgow, Lanarkshire,
Engineer, do declare the nature of my invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement in writing, that is to say:—
This invention has reference to and comprises improvements in the construction
of the walls and roofs of buildings, such as hospitals, churches, houses, or such like,
whether temporary or permanent erections, whose outer coverings are formed of
corrugated iron, sheet zinc, weatherboard or equivalent materials, and which
improvements will by preventing the rapid conduction of heat through the walls
or roof render it possible to more effectively regulate the temperature of the interior
of such buildings than has been the case heretofore.
And in order that my said invention and the manner of performing or carrying
the same into effect or practice may be properly understood, I have hereunto
appended an explanatory sheet of drawings in which the same reference letters are
used to indicate corresponding parts in all the figures where shown. Figure 1 is
a sectional elevation and Figure 2 a partial plan view of a corrugated iron building
showing one arrangement of my improvements applied thereto. And Figure 3 is a
view corresponding to Figure 1 showing a slightly modified arrangement. While
Figures 4 and 5 are an elevation and partial plan view respectively illustrating the
improvements shown in Figures 1 and 2 applied to a weatherboard building.
Referring to these drawings:-
:―
By one modification of the improvements the walls of such buildings are formed
so far in an ordinary manner by erecting standards A, A, Figure 2 connected and
bound together by runners A1, A2, and on the outside of these standards and runners
securing a layer of felt a outside of which would be secured the sheets of corrugated
iron, or zinc, as in Figures 1 and 2 or wooden weatherboards as in Figures 4 and 5
or other equivalent material may be used such as cement and lime, plaster or slabs
for the outer covering of such walls. Instead however of securing the lining boards.
to the inside of said standards A and runners A' A' as is usually done to form
the interior covering of the walls, in accordance with the improvements of this
invention a layer of non-conducting material such as felt c is first secured to the
inside of the standards and runners, and over this layer of non-conducting material c the
wood runners or fillets A² which might be about half an inch thick would be nailed
or secured; and to which fillets A an inner lining d of wood, plaster, or canvas
would in turn be secured. According to this construction a small space e would be
left between the inner lining d and the non-conducting material c and another and
larger space between the said material e and the outer coverings a, b, of felt and
corrugated iron or other material. Any good non-conducting material might be
used such as the various kinds of felt but preferably a specially prepared " diatomite
paper pulp felt would be employed.
"
In the case of roofs where the rafters and purlins were bound together flush with
one another similar to the standards and runners of the walls the method of
construction would be analogous to that described for walls as shown in Figure 1
and lettered to correspond, and the roofs be lined with lining boards in the same
manner as the walls.
.
In some cases however as shown in Figure 3 where the purlins A' of the roof-

page_text: are only partially checked into the rafters A" leaving a part standing above them
and where the lining boards d are not secured to the rafters A' and inside of the
purlins A which are left exposed to the interior of the building the construction
would be slightly modified. In such cases the lining boards d would be secured to
and outside of the purlins A' and a layer of the non-conducting felt material c be
secured over the lining boards d. Wood fillets A³ would then be secured to the
purlins A¹ by nailing through the felt c, and outside between and to these fillets A*
the ordinary outer lining felt a would be stretched and secured beneath the
corrugated iron or other roofing over all.
For the purpose of allowing a free circulation of air between the lining boards d
of the walls or roofs and the non-conducting felt material e perforated metal sheets
or other equivalent might be fitted over openings in the linings d at the lower and
upper part, with regulating shutters or dampers, either at the lower or upper
openings, and perforations or openings may be formed in the several fillets above
each other to permit the air to pass.
By these improvements the framework of that class of buildings known as iron
buildings, weatherboard or wood buildings, half timber buildings, plaster buildings,
and the like, is divided into two or more air spaces, and which spaces along with
the felt or non-conducting materials used, thoroughly insulate the building from
the conductivity of the outside coverings, and enable the interior temperature to
be regulated or raised and lowered as in an ordinary stone building.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. The constructing of corrugated iron, weatherboard, and such like buildings
with a layer or layers of felt or other non-heat conducting material so as to form
an air space between it and the internal lining, and thus minimise or prevent the
passage of heat through the walls or roofs, substantially as herein described in
reference to and by way of application shown in the accompanying drawings.
Second. The constructing of the walls or roofs of buildings with an outer covering
of corrugated iron, weatherboard, or the like, having a sheathing of felt or other
equivalent material on its internal surface, in combination with a wood or other
internal lining and an intermediate layer of felt or other non-heat conducting
material, so as to form air spaces between the non-conductor and inner lining on the
one side, and between it, and the outer covering on the other side, substantially as
herein described in reference to and shown in the accompanying drawings.
Dated 16th August 1902
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
96, Buchanan Street, Glasgow, Agents.