CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC MACHINERY, WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO RAISING OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1844

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
HEATON, of Chorley, in the County of Lancaster, Colliery Agent, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Fifteenth day of August, in the eighth year of Her reign, and in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-four, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Thomas
Heaton. Her special licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I,
the said Thomas Heaton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, and such
others as I, the said Thomas Heaton, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England and Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in all Her Majesty's Colonies and Plantations
abroad, and in the Islands of Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, my
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC MACHINERY, WHICH IS ALSO
APPLICABLE TO RAISING OTHER LIQUIDS;" in which said Letters Patent is con-
tained a proviso that I, the said Thomas Heaton, shall cause a particular descrip-
tion of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part

page_text: recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto
bad, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in complianco with the said proviso, I, the said
Thomas Heaton, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly
described and ascertained in and by the Drawings hereto annexed and the
following explanation thereof (that is to say):-
My improvements apply particularly to hydraulic machinery, such as pumps
or engines employed for raising or forcing water from mines, pits, &c., but are
equally applicable in principle to manufacturing and domestic purposes, and
especially for ships' uses, fire extinguishing engines, and other similar uses,
where water or other fluids are required to be displaced.
The first feature of novelty in these improvements consists in the application
of a hollow ram or plunger, which may be of an equal area with the working
barrel, either more or less engaged either in connection with a common or my
improved bucket (hereafter described), in place of the ordinary pump rod or
connecting rod. This application of a hollow ram or plunger to pumps or other
bydraulic machinery for raising and forcing water and other fluids is for the
purpose of displacing a considerable quantity of the volume of fluid above the
bucket as the bucket descends, and by thus removing the weight of fluid above
the bucket greatly economizing the power required, and reducing the strain
upon the working machinery of the primary moving power; it will also be
evident, that as the object of this ram is to displace a large quantity of water,
a wooden ram of a similar diameter might be adapted in lieu thereof.
Secondly, my improvements in hydraulic machinery consist in the novel
application or employment of a double set of valves to the clacks and buckets
of pumps for certain useful purposes hereafter described.
And, thirdly, my improvements consist in a particular method of packing
either the bucket, the working barrel, or other parts of pumps by the novel
application of a material now well known as "Jeffery's Marine Glue," the use of
which for such purposes is particularly advantageous, whether it be employed
alone or combined with filings of brass or other metal, layers of leather, or other
substances.
Having now described the nature of my improvements, I will proceed to
shew the manner of carrying the same into practical effect, which will be fully
explained by reference to the Drawing accompanying these presents, and the
following description thereof, in which Fig. 1 represents a sectional elevation
of the working parts of a pump, shewn in connection with pump trees above
and below, and supposed to be employed for raising water from a mine, well,

page_text: or other reservoir. Fig. 2 is a similar sectional view, but exhibiting some
modifications in the internal arrangement. Fig. 3 is a transverse section taken
through the pump at the line A, B, in Fig. 1, shewing a plan view of the top
pair of valves of the bucket and the stuffing box, and Fig. 4 is a similar view
taken through the line C, D, shewing the bottom pair of valves of the bucket.
Fig. 5 is a transverse section taken through the line E, F, in Fig. 2, shewing
the plan of the bucket, and Fig. 6, a section through the line G, H, shewing a
plan of the clack piece. Similar letters of reference are marked upon corre-
sponding parts in all these Figures. a, a, is the working barrel of the pump;
b, b, the bucket, and c, c, c, c, the pump trees, extending upwards and downwards
from the working barrel; d, d, is the hollow ram which extends upwards from
the bucket (in place of the ordinary connecting rod) to the top of the pump
trees, the upper end being closed, thus forming a cylindrical air vessel, occu-
pying a very considerable portion of the area above the bucket, and consequently
displacing a corresponding volume and weight of fluid. It will be observed
that the bucket b, b, is furnished with two sets of valves or bucket lids e, e, and
ff, so that should one of the valves be prevented from closing by a piece of
wood, stone, or any other material (which is very liable to be the case in
working from a bad bottom), the other valve may close and raise the water,
while the down stroke of the bucket will be sure to clear away the impediment.
The clack piece g. 9, is also furnished with two sets of valves or lids h, h,
and i, i, for the same purpose, which clack and bucket lids may either be hung
upon hinges, as shewn in the Drawing, or be made to rise and full separately
upon spindles or slides. It will be observed that doors or plates are furnished
for the purpose of readily obtaining access to both the buckets and the clacks,
k, k, being the bucket doors, and 1, 1, the clack doors, which will admit of their
being cleaned or put in order, as occasion may require.
The peculiar application of my improved method of packing hydraulic machi-
nery is represented in two separate modifications in Figures 1 and 2, that in the
former being enclosed by a glandular ring in the concentric groove m, m, in the
pump barrel, thus completely surrounding the bucket, which in this case is
lengthened to allow of such mode of packing, and that in Figure 2 being shewn
in a reverse position, or placed in the groove n, n, turned in the bucket, and thus
forming the packing between it and the working barrel. In both instances the
spaces between the grooves m and n are to be tightly packed, either in the
common way or with "Jeffery's Marino Glue." This composition will be found
to be most desirable and efficient for such purposes, and, according to the
Specification of his Letters Patent, dated April Fifteenth, One thousand eight
hundred and forty-two, consists of caoutchouc dissolved in conjunction with