Improvements in Ovens or Kilns used for Firing or Hardening Articles of Pottery.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Apr., 1890-Accepted, 24th May, 1890
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Ovens or Kilns used for Firing or Hardening
Articles of Pottery.
ABRAHAM FIELDING Railway Pottery Stoke-on-Trent Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to he
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following.
statement:-
My Invention has reference to that class of oven or kiln which is used for firing
or hardening articles of pottery ware, and relates to the method of arranging the
various flues in such ovens and in such a manner that I am enabled to produce and
concentrate the heat at any part or portion of such ovens more economically,
satisfactorily, and easily than by the ordinary means or mode adopted.
As is well known the several "bags" used for distributing the heat in such ovens
or kilns in which pottery ware is fired, are built close against the inside of the wall
of such ovens, either as a part of the said wall itself, or a short distance from the
said wall and somewhat in the forni of chimnies.
My Improvements consist in constructing such ovens or kilns with an inner wall
of fire-brick or other suitable material or inaterials, which said inner wall extends.
from the bottom of the oven to the base of the crown of same, of any suitable
thickness, and an outer wall of ordinary brick work; stone or other suitable material
or materials of any suitable thickness or thicknesses, the said outer wall tapering
towards its summit, and having the external configuration of those usually
constructed.
"
Instead of building the "bags" or flues of the usual rectangular or square shape,
against the inner wall I make them in the form of the segınent of a circle in plan
and only a few inches in height above the oven bottom, the openings or apertures
in which bags, are about the same in cross sectional area, as the flues which radiate
from the central or principal "bag
"
to the said segmental bags," the said central
bag being built of suitable material, of a circular, square, rectangular or other con-
venient shape into and on the bottom of the oven, the central "bag" may be only
a few inches or a few feet in height above the oven bottom as found most convenient.
In the oven bottom about mid-way between the "central bag" and the inner wall 1
form apertures of any convenient shape in cross section, leading into flues
constructed beneath the oven bottom the said flues being situate about mid way
between the radiating flues which lead from the segmental wall bags to the central
bag or flue, and are continued upward in a vertical direction partly through the
inner wall or lining and partly in or through the outer wall and terminate a short
distance above the top of the crown of the oven.
Around the internal periphery of the oven at the base of its crown I form two or
more apertures, which said apertures, the radiating and vertical flues and the crown
of the oven may be provided with a suitable appliance or appliances for regulating
the passage of the heat and smoke.
Each segmental bag, communicates with a furnace or grate which is fired externally
and provided with a suitable appliance or appliances for regulating the admission of
air to the said furnaces.
To elucidate my improved method of arranging the several flues and bags of such
ovens or kilns, which are used for firing, drying or hardening articles of pottery I
have hereunto annexed two sheets of drawings on which similar letters of reference
are marked on similar parts throughout.
Fig. 1. is a vertical section of an oven or kiln used for drying, firing or hardening
articles of pottery, shewing my improved method of arranging the several flues and
segmental bags, and is a section taken on the line A. B. . of the sectional plan
Big 2

page_text: Fig. 2 is a sectional plan of Fig. 1 taken on the line D. E.
When the articles encased in saggars are placed in the oven e, the entrance a to
the oven closed, and the fuel in the furnaces a² lighted, the fuel being fed to the
said furnaces through apertures a³, a portion of the smoke and heat passes through
the segmental bags b, the flues c, and the central bag d into the interior of the said
oven e where it accumulates and passes from the interior e of the said oven through
apertures formed in the internal periphery of the base of the crown g of the oven
into the tapering chimney h above the crown g of the said oven è and escapes there-
from into the atmosphere, a portion of the smoke and heat also passes from the
interior e of the oven downward through the apertures i formed in the bottom of
the oven, through the flues & beneath the oven bottom, then through the vertical
flues into the said tapering chimney h, through the short chimnies m as indicated
by the arrows, from whence it escapes into the atmosphere.
The passage of the smoke and heat may be increased or diminished by means of
suitable regulating appliances arranged or fitted in any convenient manner in the
said flues.
It will be readily understood that by closing or partially closing one or more of the
said regulating appliances the heat and smoke will be more or less retarded in its
passage from the interior of the oven e into the tapering chimney h and thus it will
be seen that the degree of heat within the oven is easily regulated.
.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what I
claim is :-
The arrangement and construction in ovens or kilns used for firing or hardening
pottery ware, of the several flues c, i, k and 1, the segmental bags 6 and the central
bag d all of which flues and bags are constructed of suitable materials, shape and
size, according to the capacity of the oven or kiln, to be used in the manner and for
the purpose as herein substantially described set forth and fully illustrated on the
drawings annexed.
Dated this 23rd day of Anril 1890.
J. NEWTON,
Agent for Applicant.