IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CASKS AND BARRELS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Judd Clayton Lane, of South Kensington, in the County
of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
CASKS AND BARRELS." A communication from abroad by Frederick Jasper
Chadwick, of Guelph, Ontario, in the Dominion of Canada.
Sealed the 30th May 1879, and dated the 27th December 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Judd Clayton Lane at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th December 1878.
JUDD CLAYTON LANE, of South Kensington, in the County of Middlesex. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CASKS AND BARRELS." [A communication
from abroad by Frederick Jasper Chadwick, of Guelph, Ontario, in the Dominion
of Canada.]
This Invention consists in the construction of casks or barrels of two thicknesses
of wood, which may either be complete sheets (resembling veneers, but increasing
in thickness with the size of the cask or barrel) or staves. In either case the cask
or barrel is of cylindrical form (i.e., without "bouge "), but is provided with an
extra thick hoop at the middle whereby to enable the cask to be readily turned or
guided when rolled on its side.
According to the first way of making the cask or barrel the two sheets of wood
have their grain at right angles or thereabouts, that of the one running around and
that of the other lengthwise of the cask, which is made upon an iron cylinder or
mandrel by lapping the inner sheet around the same and the outer sheet around
the inner one. The edges of each sheet overlap, and the two are secured by hoops
and by nails driven through all and clenched on the inside. The mandrel is then
withdrawn and the cask headed up by first inserting a lining hoop for the head to
rest upon (instead of crozing the cask as usual), and securing the head by a second
hoop.

page_text: According to the second way of making the cask or barrel the staves are straight
and of any suitable width and thickness, according to the size of the cask.
The cask is built up of an inner and outer layer of these staves, which are so
arranged that the joints of the inner and outer staves shall not coincide, but shall
"breakjoint," so that the outside staves shall cover the joints of the inside staves.
The cask is hooped and headed as before.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Judd Clayton Lane in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 26th
June 1879.
" IM-
JUDD CLAYTON LANE, of South Kensington, in the County of Middlesex.
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CASKS AND BARRELS." A communication
from abroad by Frederick Jasper Chadwick, of Guelph, Ontario, in the Dominion
of Canada.
This Invention relates to the formation of cylindrical barrels or casks of all sizes,
and it consists in forming the body portion of two or more layers of staves so
placed relatively to each other that the joints of one layer of staves do not coincide
with the joints of the adjacent layer or layers. The staves of each layer have the
grain preferably running lengthways of the stave. The body portion thus formed
prefer to use an
is held together by means of hoops placed onto the exterior.
odd number of hoops, such as three or five, according to the size of the barrel, and
to make the centre hoop of double thickness, so as to form a raised surface to
facilitate the rolling and turning of the barrels.
To secure the heads of the barrel in place a liner in the form of a ring is nailed
to the inside of the body of the barrel at each end for the head to rest upon, another
liner or ring being placed on or outside the head to keep it in its place. Any
number of concentric layers or sheetings may be used in order to form a barrel of
any required strength.
One great advantage of the Invention will be readily understood when it is
remembered that an internal pressure in a common barrel tends directly to open
every joint of the staves, while in the improved barrel the inner are pressed more
As each exterior layer
closely against and protect the joints of the outer staves.
covers the joints in the next interior, and there being considerable friction between
them, the strain upon the hoops is very much diminished.
The Invention will be clearly understood by reference to the annexed Drawings,
in which Figure 1 is a semi sectional elevation of a barrel constructed according to
this Invention, Figure 2 being a plan and Figure 3 a section on the line x-y of
Figure 1. A is the inner and B the outer layer of staves, the grain of which is, as
before stated, preferably lengthways of the stave; C, C, are the hoops, the central
one of which is shown as double or of greater thickness than the others; D, D, are
the liners for securing the heads E in place. Although two layers only are shown
it should be understood that a greater number may be used if found necessary.
Having described the nature of the Invention, and the manner of performing
the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be protected by the
herein before in part recited Letters Patent is,-

page_text: The formation of a cylindrical barrel or cask in which the body portion is
composed of two or more layers of staves, so placed relatively to each other that
the joints of one layer of staves do not coincide with the joints of the next layer,
the whole being held together by hoops, substantially as described, and shown in
the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I the said Judd Clayton Lane, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.
J. C. LANE. (L.S.)