CERTAIN NEW AND USEFUL IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF TREATING UNCTIOUS ANIMAL MATTER
Year: 1849

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
JAMES ANTHONY, of the City of Pitsburg, in the United States of America, and
now residing in the City of London, Machinist, send greeting.
WHEREAS I did by Petition represent unto Her most Excellent Majesty
Queen Victoria that I had invented or discovered "CERTAIN NEW AND USEFUL
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF TREATING UNCTIOUS ANIMAL MATTER," and Her
said Majesty, being willing to encourage all useful Inventions, did issue Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Seventh day of June, in the twelfth year of Her reign, and in
the year of our Lord One. thousand eight hundred and. forty-nine, whereby
Her said Majesty did, 'for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto, me, the said Charles James Anthony, my exors, adñññors, and assigns,
and such others as I, the said Charles James Anthony, my exors, adiñors, and
assigns, should at any time, agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times during the term of years. therein expressed, should and lawfully
might, make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in all Her said Majesty's Colonies and
Plantations abroad, my said Invention; in which said Letters Patent there
is contained a proviso, obliging me, the said Charles James Anthony, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal particularly to describe and
ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, and to cause the same to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's

page_text: High Court of Chancery within six months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being
thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Charles James Anthony, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference being
had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon, that is to say:-
My Invention consists of certain improvements in the application of
mechanical means for extracting or separating butter from milk or cream in
the process of churning. By these mechanical means and improvements the
air is forced in and circulated through the milk or cream, and the unctuous
portion thereof is oxidized and caused to separate from the aqueous portion
in a shorter space of time than is effected by the ordinary mode or process
of churning; while at the same time the butter obtained is greater in quantity
and better in quality, especially in the case of churning with sweet milk,
which by my mode and improvements may be churned within about three
hours after it comes from the cow.
The mechanical means which I use for effecting these objects are shewn
by the Drawings hereunto annexed :-
Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4. Figure 1 represents a churn box of the usual form;
Figure 2 represents a vertical section of a rotary dasher with wings on my
improved plan or Invention, which I would recommend to be made of as
large dimensions as the box, Figure 1, will admit of, so as to rotate freely
within it. The dasher is to be connected with the sides of the box, Figure 1,
in the ordinary mode, or by an adjusting and removing screw at one end,
and by a square clutch or head at the other end, which I would prefer. This
new form or construction of a dasher is a framework composed of four pieces
of wood or plank or other suitable materials a, a, three inches or thereabouts
in depth, divided in the middle or centre of its depth by a partition, as shewn
in Figure 3, b, lying or being in the line of the rotary centre, thus forming
chambers on each side of the partition, one and a half inches deep, little
more or less; these chambers are each divided by the cross pieces c, c, Fig.
2, into three smaller chambers or cavities in each face or side of the dasher.
Figure 4 represents an elevation of another form of a rotary dasher with
arms, buckets, or strikes on my improved plan or Invention. It consists of
two square frames of the same or the like form and dimensions, adjusted
transversely at right angles to each other, both having a common centre;

page_text: he longitudinal pieces of these transverse frames d, d, Figure 4, form the
rms, buckets, or strikes of the dasher, and are each composed of a square
piece of wood with cavities, as represented by e, e, e, Figure 5, shewing these
cavities formed or made in opposite sides of the arm, bucket, or strike, and
each cavity extending nearly half way from the extreme or opposite ends of
he arm to its longitudinal centre. The operation and effect of each or either
of these two dashers, Figures 2, and 4, 5, in the process of churning are by
means of their cavities to force air into and circulate it through the milk or
cream by the double action of compression and suction. The box, Figure 1,
being about half or three parts filled with milk or cream with the dasher,
Figure 2, or that of Figures 4, 5, properly adjusted, the process of churning
is performed by rotating the dasher with more or less rapidity, as practice
may indicate. During these rotations, as the dasher or wings of the dasher,
Figure 2, if that be the form used, and so also as the arms, buckets, or
strikes of the dasher, Figures 4, 5, if that be the form used, successively
descend into the milk or cream, the cavities in the lower side forcing a
quantity of air, commingling the air and milk or cream by propulsion or
pressure, while the cavities in the upper side also convey into the milk or
cream a quantity of air by suction, rotary motion, or attraction; and as these
cavities ascend out of the milk or cream the lower side cavities in their
revolution and ascent take up and convey a quantity of milk or cream into
the upper part of the churn, and the upper side cavities in their revolution
and ascent draw or raise up a quantity of milk or cream with or after them,
thus producing by compression and suction in their rotation a rapid oxydation
and separation and separation of the unctuous matter, with attendant advan-
tages in regard to the quantity and quality of the butter so produced.
This description is given with the view to the better explanation of my
Invention and improvements, and to point out wherein my improved form or
construction of the dasher, and also of the wings, arms, buckets, or strikes
with cavities differ from those hitherto in use; and my Invention or improve-
ments are not to be confined to the form or dimensions set forth or mentioned
in the above description, or shewn in the annexed Drawings, nor to the
material of which the dasher or arms, buckets, or strikes are composed or
constructed, although I prefer the form of the dasher, Figures 4, 5, 6, and
that the material of which it is constructed be wood instead of metal or other
material; I therefore claim as my Invention or improvements the introduction
of cavities or a cavity in the dasher, wings, arms, buckets, or strikes of churns
or machines used in churning, whether operating with a rotary or vertical or
horizontal motion, and whether these cavities be large or small, and whether

page_text: they be formed or made in the upper or lower surface, or partly in the upper
and partly in the lower surface of the dashers or wings, arms, buckets, or
strikes, as shewn in the plan or Drawings, Figures 2, 3, and Figures 4, 5, 6,
or whether formed or made in alternate arms, buckets, or strikes, or whether
the cavities or cavity be formed or made in one half or in any larger or
smaller part or portion of the dasher, or in any one or more of the arms,
brackets, or strikes, or in any larger or smaller part or portion of them, or
in or of whatever number, form, construction, position, or dimensions such
cavities be made, as. I do not confine my claim to the number, form, con-
struction, position, or dimension of the cavities.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles James Anthony, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Twenty-ninth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine.
JENKINS, jun', Extra.
'CHARLES JAMES ANTHONY. (L.S.)
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-ninth day of September,
in the year of our Lord 1849, the aforesaid Charles James Anthony came
before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the
Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified,
in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Sixth day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand sight hundred and forty ning