IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPARATUS FOR THE manufacture OF COKE
Year: 1884

page_text: I JOHN JAMESON of Akenside Hill in the Town and County of Newcastle upon
Tyne Consulting Engineer do hereby declare the nature of said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPARATUS FOR THE manufacture OF COKE" to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in and apparatus for the manufacture of
Coke as carried on in the class of Coke Ovens from which during the operation of
coking gases are withdrawn or expelled for the recovery of bye products resulting
from the Coking operation, such for example as the class of Coke Oven known as
the Jameson Coke Oven and described in the Specification of Letters Patent
No 1947 granted to me and dated the 25th April 1882.
I find that in the operation of unloading the Oven by heavy rakes as is usual
that the bricks at the bottom or lower part or that part at which the passages for
the gas are formed are apt to be damaged and the passages either filled up or
injuriously enlarged and moreover the said passages are liable to become filled up
or choked by coal or Coke dust-According to my Invention I obviate this defect
by placing iron bars in the oven at the said parts so as to form part of the
passages. I employ by preference T iron cut into convenient lengths to prevent
undue expansion in each length and so shaped at the ends of each piece as that
expansion shall tend to slide the expanding piece up an incline without bending it
after the manner of furnace bars with sloping ends resting upon corresponding
Bloping supports. I find also that in the working of a range of Ovens it sometimes
happens that ignited gas or very highly heated gas comes from one or more ovens of
the range and that the passage of this highly heated gas into the main pipe to join
the gas coming from the other ovens of the range has an injurious effect on the gas
so coming from the other Ovens. To obviate this I provide a cooling pipe or
passage between each oven and the main, the said cooling pipe or passage being of
such length and of such dimensions as to provide against the aforesaid objection,
and I prefer to provide each such cooling pipe with an exactly measured and
adjustable passage or orifice and with a water gauge for indicating differences of
pressure due to the adjusted capacity of the passages or the restriction of the
orifices as shall shew approximately the quantity of Gas passing.
I may combine with this, or use separately, an expansion bar or pyrometric
arrangement of any convenient form which will approximately regulate the passage
of gas in an inverse ratio to its heat,

page_text: Improvements in and Apparatus for the Manufacture of Coke.
I, JOHN JAMESON of Akenside Hill in the Town and County of Newcastle-upon-
Tyne, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF COKE, and in what
imanner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained.
in and by the following statement:-
My Invention relates to improvements in and apparatus for the manufacture of
coke as carried on in the class of coke ovens from which during the operation of
coking gases are withdrawn or expelled for the recovery of bye products resulting
from the coking operation such for example as the class of coke oven known as the
Jameson Coke Oven and described in the Specification of Letters Patent N° 1947
granted to me and dated the 25th April 1882.
I find that in the operation of unloading the oven by heavy rakes as is usual
that the bricks at the bottom or lower part or that part at which the passages for
the gas are formed are apt to be damaged and the passages either filled up or
injuriously enlarged and moreover the said passages are liable to become filled up
or choked by coal or coke dust.
According to my invention I obviate this defect by placing irons bars in the
oven at the said parts so as to form part of the passages. I employ by preference
T-iron cut into convenient lengths to prevent undue expansion in each length and
so shaped at the ends of each piece as that expansion shall tend to slide the
expanding piece up an incline without bending it, after the manner of furnace
bars with sloping ends resting upon corresponding sloping supports. I find it
convenient to cut the bars into pieces about eighteen inches long each, and
the Ṭ iron bars which I use are 3 inches each way by inch in section. The
effect of extracting gas through a small orifice in brick work is that the sides of
the orifice becomes coated with a deposit of hardened oil and dust and if this
deposit be not broken away the small opening closes up, but with irons laid against
brick this action does not occur.
I find also that in the working of a range of ovens it sometimes happens that
ignited gas or very highly heated gas comes from one or more ovens of the range
and that the passage of this highly heated gas into the main pipe to join the gas
coming from the other ovens of the range has an injurious effect on the gas so
coming from the other ovens. To obviate this I provide a cooling pipe or passage
between each oven and the main, the said cooling pipe or passage being of such
length and of such dimensions as to provide against the aforesaid objection.
The cooling pipe I prefer to make of smaller diameter than the main exit pipe
of the oven so that both the gas is exposed to more efficient cooling and that the
flow of gas is more rapid in the small pipe than in the oven pipe whereby deposit
of dust may be almost exclusively contined to the main exit pipe and be therefore
more easily 'cleared away. The main exit pipes I use are 6 inches in diameter and
the cooling pipes only 3 inches. I prefer also that the cooling pipes should be
vertical so that oil and ammonia liquor may keep the sides moist and lubricated
and that risk of any deposit may thereby be diminished. I provide at the lowest
"

page_text: point of the pipe and near its junction with the oven exit pipe a syphon arrango-
ment whereby such oil and ammoniacal liquor as may condense in it or in the oven
pipe shall be run off into the main or to the receiving tanks.
I provide also each such cooling pipe with an exactly measured and adjustable
passage or orifice and with a water guage for indicating differences of pressure due
to the adjusted capacity of the passages or the restriction of the orifices as shall
show approximately the quantity of gas passing.
I employ for this purpose by preference a small slide valve worked by a screw
with a scale to indicate the amount of the opening and I connect by small pipes
the two ends of an ordinary syphon water guage to the pipe above and below this
valve so that the pressure of gas on one side of the valve acts on the water in one
leg of the syphon guage, and the pressure of gas on the other side of the valve acts
on the water in the other leg of the water guage and the difference of level in-the
water guage indicates therefore the differential pressure tending to pass gas
through the restricted opening and this differential pressure with the measurement
of the restricted opening enables me to calculate approximately the quantity of gas
passing. Of course the differential pressure may be measured by the use of 2 water
guages both open at one end to atmospheric pressure but I think the other method
is more accurate.
I may combine with all the arrangements before described or use seperately an
expansion bar or pyrometer arrangement of any convenient form which will
approximately regulate the passage of gas in an inverse ratio to its heat. The
method of carrying out this arrangement which I prefer is to hang by a long
adjustable wire of such material as to expand by heat more than the material of
the cooling pipe a valve over a valve seat so that when the wire is increased
in length the valve shall be more closed and as the wire is diminished in
length it shall be opened so as respectively to diminish or increase the amount of
suction applied to the oven inversely as the heat of the passing gas.
With a cast iron cooling pipe I employ a wire of gun metal or copper hung
within the pipe with a lever arrangement as is well understood to increase the
movement of the valve in relation to the expansion or contraction of the gun metal
or copper. I thus establish an automatic regulation of the suction.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declaro that what
I claim is
1* -The use of Iron for the purpose described in the bottom of such special
ovens as my Invention applies to substantially as described.
2nd The use of cooling pipes interposed before the admixture of gases from
seperate ovens so as to obviate the inconvenience arising from ignited or over-
heated gas coming from any one or more ovens substantially as described.
3rd The use of differential pressure, restricted opening and guages to indicate
the quantity of gas passing from such coke ovens as my Invention applies to
substantially as described.
4th The use of an automatic regulator brought into action by difference of heat
to diminish in an inverse ratio the passage of highly heated gas from such ovens,
substantially as described.