Improvements in Apparatus for Supporting and Working by Hand Power Centrifugal Machines, such as Cream Separators and the like.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 31st Dec., 1806
Complete Left, 26th Sept., 1887
Complete Accepted, 31st Dec., 1887
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Supporting and Working by Hand
Power Centrifugal Machines, such as Cream Separators and
the like.
I, CARL GUSTAF PATRIK DE LAVAL, M.A., of Alandsgatan 14, Stockholm, Sweden,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to provide a practical and compact apparatus for
supporting and operating by hand power vertically mounted centrifugal cream
separators, emulsifiers, and the like, the arrangement being such as to enable very
rapid rotary motion, (say six or seven thousand revolutions per minute if desired,)
to be imparted to such a machine, by means of spur wheel gearing and worm wheel
and worm in a direct manner without the use of belt cord or friction wheels, and this
notwithstanding that the apparatus is of sinall dimensions. As an illustration it may
be mentioned that a de Laval's cream separator arranged in this way, which with
forty revolutions of the crank handle and six thousand revolutions of the separator
vessel will skim sixty litres per hour, can be placed at the edge of a table and will
require only a surface of 0.13 square metre to stand on, whilst its height above
the table will be only 0.66 metre excluding the height of the milk receiver,
viz. 0.3 metre.
In the accompanying drawing are shown a vertical section Fig. 1 and an elevation
Fig. 2 of the arrangement as applied to a cream separator of the de Laval type.
a is a spur wheel, b its shaft, and c a crank handle, d the pinion in gear with
wheel a, and e its shaft. On this shaft e is a worm wheel that gears with a worm g,
vertically mounted in bearings. On the top of this worm g the rotatory apparatus is
mounted, being connected to the worm by some suitable coupling. The worm gear
bas its bearings in and is surrounded by a casing h attached to the bed-plato of the
stand. The stand is furnished at its upper end with a casing for the principal
part of the rotatory apparatus. k is a bearing for the spindle or shaft
apparatus, and m is a bracket intended to prevent the said spindle from
in the event of its becoming loose or uncoupled.
of the rotatory
swinging out

page_text: its
In the arrangement illustrated in the drawing, n is the revolving vessel,
spindle or shaft, which by means of a centralising friction-coupling o is connected to
the worm g. p is the inlet pipe for the milk, and q, r, are the ordinary receptacles
for the cream and the skimmed milk respectively.
When in use the bed-plate of the stand is attached to a table or any other suitable
support, the crank handle c is turned and by the gearing the worm and the apparatus
connected therewith are put in the required rotation.
Datad this 21st darr of December 1886
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Supporting and Working by Hand
Power Centrifugal Machines, such
as Cream Separators and
the like.
I, CARL GUSTAF PATRIK DE LAVAL, M.A., of Alandsgatan 14, Stockholm,
Sweden, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
The object of this invention is to provide a practical and compact apparatus for
supporting and operating by hand power vertically mounted centrifugal cream
separators, emulsifiers and the like, the arrangement being such as to enable very
rapid rotary motion, (say six or seven thousand revolutions per minute if desired,) to
be imparted to such a machine, by means of spur wheel gearing and worm wheel and
worm in a direct manner without the use of belt, cord, or friction wheels, and this
notwithstanding that the apparatus is of small dimensions, as an illustration it may be
mentioned that a de Laval's cream separator arranged in this way, which with forty
revolutions of the crank handle and six thousand revolutions of the separator vessel
will skim sixty litres per hour, can be placed at the edge of a table and will require
only a surface of 0.13 square meire to stand on, whilst its height above the table will
be only 0.67 metre excluding the height of the milk receiver viz. 0.3 metro.
Referring to the two sheets of drawings filed with my Provisional Specification, and
the additional sheet of drawings filed herewith,
Fig. 1 is a vertical section, and
Fig. 2 an elevation of the arrangement as applied to a cream separator of the
de Laval type.
Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are detail views hereinafter referred to.
a is a spur wheel, its shaft, and c a crank handle, d the pinion in gear with the
wheel a, and e its shaft. On this shaft e is a worm wheel, that gears with a worm g,
vertically mounted in bearings. On the top of this worm g the rotatory apparatus is
mounted being connected to the worn by some suitable coupling.
The worm gear has its bearings in and is surrounded by a casing h, attached to the
bed plate of the stand.
The stand is furnished at its upper end with a casing i for the principal part of the
rotatory apparatus. is a bearing for the spindle or shaft of the rotatory apparatus,
and m is a guide intended to prevent the said spindle from swinging out in the event
of its becoming loose or uncoupled.
In the arrangement illustrated in the drawing, n is the revolving vessel. its
spindle or shaft, which by means of a centralising directly disengaging coupling o is
connected to the worm g. p the inlet pipe for the milk and q, r, are the ordinary
receptacles for the cream and the skimmed milk respectively.
The centralising, directly disengaging coupling at o is either as shown in Figs. 1, 2,
3, and 4 not self-disengaging, or else it is provided with an automatic self-disengaging
mechanism in Figs. 5 and 6.
In Figs. 1 and 2, the lower part of the spindle is hemispherical, and is provided
with a slot s which grasps a carrying pin p* fastened in the end of the shaft g (as
clearly shown in the detail views, Figs. 1", 2") so that the central line of the
cylindrical pin passes through the centre of the hemisphere. The hemispherical end

page_text: of the spindle lies centrally to the concentric boring in the end of the shaft which
is recessed as shown in the drawing. The arrangement may be inverted as shown in
Figs. 3 and 4 where a centralising directly disengaging coupling is shown. Here
the shaft g is provided with a hemispherical end which lies centrally in a concentric
boring in the shaft 1, the slotted rim of which grasps the carrying pin p* which is
fixed in the shaft g and passes through the centre of the hemispherical end.
•
Figs. 5 and 6 represent a centralising coupling for the same apparatus capable of
automatically disengaging when the direction of motion is reversed. The pin p* is in
the form of a T and is not fixed. It is held by its larger part (proceeding from the
middle) passing into a central hole, bored in the hemispherical end of the shaft g,
where it rests on a weak spring t. This keeps p pressed against the stop u which,
screwed into the mouth of the bored hole, prevents p* from rising higher. The
smaller part of p*, which serves as a driving pin, can slide in the slot s, which is made
in the shaft g through its upper hemispherical end. The extremities of p* lie against
the driving teeth in the end of the shaft Z, which when the one shaft rotates in one
direction force the other to rotate. in the same direction, but when rotating in the
opposite direction, the pin p* slides along the inclined plane of the back of the teeth
and is pressed downwards; the weak spring t is thus compressed, and p* loses hold of
the upper shaft.
This coupling unites the swiftly rotating shafts g, l, in such a manner that their
geometrical axes have always a common and fixed point of intersection, viz., the
centre of the hemisphere. As a swiftly rotating centred body tries to keep the
position of its axis of rotation parallel with itself and as one point of its axis is fixed, it
is plain that if for instance g is firmly mounted in bearings and 7 absolutely centred
during rotation, the geometrical axes g and 7 will strive to lie in a straight line.
In practice, however, it is exceedingly difficult, if not impossible, to get the free
axis of a rotating body to coincide exactly with the geometrical one. It is therefore
necessary that the coupling shall allow of as great an angle of deviation as the angle
between the free and geometrical axes of the rotating body, which is clearly possible
with the above mentioned centralising coupling.
The possibility of direct disengaging the coupling is quite evident; one needs only
lift the shaft upwards.
When in use the bed plate of the stand is attached to a table or any other
suitable support, the crank handle c is turned and by the gearing the worm and the
apparatus connected therewith are put in the required rotation.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner it is to be performod, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In apparatus for working centrifugal machines, such as cream separators,
emulsifiers, and the like, the combination of two shafts lying at an angle to each other
and geared together by worm gearing, the one shaft being driven from a crank handle
by spur gear, and the other transmitting its motion directly to the spindle of the
contrifugal apparatus, both shafts with their bearings being situated in the lower part
of a stand which also supports the rotatory apparatus, substantially as described.
2. A vertical band cream separator mounted and driven substantially as described
with reference to the drawings.
3. In apparatus of the kind referred to in claim 1, the use of centralising couplings
substantially as described and shown.
A.D. 1887.
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.