Iм- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING, EVAPORATING, AND COOLING LIQUIDS
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Fothergill, Batho, of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Mechanical Engineer, for the Invention of "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING, EVAPORATING, AND COOLING
LIQUIDS."
Sealed the 3rd March 1868, and dated the 13th September 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Fothergill Batho
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th September 1867.
I, WILLIAM FOTHERGILL BATHO, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING, EVAPORATING, AND COOLING LIQUIDS,"
to be as follows:-
In constructing apparatus for heating, evaporating, and cooling liquids
according to my Invention I form the vessel or boiler of a coil of pipes made
by preference of cast iron or malleable cast iron; or the upper and lower
parts of the coil or vessel may be made by stamping or raising from sheet
iron or steel, so that when the said parts are presented edge to edge and
secured together they form a vessel having the figure of a coil of pipes. The
coil or vessel described is made of any convenient size, and is placed hori-
zontally or nearly so in a furnace, by preference of the construction herein-
after described. From the lower part of the coil or vessel circulating tubes

page_text: are suspended, which tubes I constructing and attach to the coil or vessel in the
following manner :-Each set of circulating tubes consists of an outer and
inner tube, the top of the outer tube being bell-mouthed. At or near the top
of the said outer tube a bush of brass or other non-corrosive metal or alloy is
brazed. This bush is screwed externally, and fits in a screwed hole made in
the under side of the coil or vessel. Within the outer tube and concentric
therewith is a smaller tube open at both ends, the lower end of the said.
smaller tube being just above the bottom of the inside of the outer tube. At
the top of the inner tube is a deflector or guide for directing the cooler water
or liquid down the said inner tube so as to ensure an efficient circulation of
the water or liquid in the two tubes. The said deflector or guide consists of
a short conical tube divided radially from the centre into six or more vertical
compartments, each compartment alternately forming an upward and down-
ward channel for the water or liquid to ascend and descend in as it gravitates
down the inner pipe to be reheated, the heated water ascending in the space
between the two tubes. The said deflector or guide is made by preference of
malleable cast iron.
I construct the furnace for heating the boiler described in the following
manner: I place the fire-doors at the side of the furnace, somewhat similar
to the doors of a puddling furnace. In the interior of the furnace is a hori-
zontal division or diaphragm situated midway along the pendent tubes. The
heated gases from the fire-place are first conveyed to the upper part of the
tubes, then along the lower ends. The partially cooled gases next pass under
the ash-pit to a vertical flue outside the furnace, where they are reheated by
the heated walls of the furnace. The gases finally pass over the top of the
coil or vessel herein-before described, and tend to superheat the steam therein.
In the vertical side flue described a series of horizontal perforated bricks or
iron tubes are placed. Through these bricks or pipes the air supplied to the
furnace passes, and is thereby heated.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Fothergill Batho in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 12th March 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL, COME, I,. WILLIAM
FOTHERGILL BATHO, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Mechanical
Engineer, send greeting..

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Fothergill Batho, Her special licence that I, the said William
Fothergill Batho, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said William Fothergill Batho, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING, EVAPORATING, AND COOLING
LIQUIDS," upon the condition (amongst others) that J, the said William
Fothergill Batho, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describė
and ascertain the nature of the said. Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Fothergill Batho, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
In constructing apparatus for heating, evaporating, and cooling liquids
according to my Invention I form the vessel or boiler of a coil of pipes made
by preference of cast iron or malleable cast iron. Or the upper and lower
parts of the coil or vessel may be made by stamping or raising from sheet iron
or steel, so that when the said parts are presented edge to edge and secured
together they form a vessel having the figure of a coil of pipes. The coil or
vessel described is made of any convenient size, and is placed horizontally or
nearly so in a furnace by preference of the construction herein-after described.
From the lower part of the coil or vessel circulating tubes are suspended,
which tubes I construct and attach to the coil or vessel in the following
manner-Each set of circulating tubes consists of an outer. and inner tube,
the top of the outer tube being conical. At or near the top of the said outer
tubes a bush of brass or other non-corrosive metal or alloy is brazed; this
bush is screwed externally, and fits in a-screwed hole made in the underside
of the coil or vessel. Or the outer tubes are inserted in holes at the bottom

page_text: of the coils from the inside, their conical upper ends fitting in conical holes in
the said coils. Within the outer tube and concentric therewith is a smaller
tube, open at both ends, the lower end of the said smaller tube being just
above the bottom of the inside of the outer tube. At the top of the inner
tube is a deflector or guide for directing the cooler water or liquid down the
said inner tube, so as to ensure an efficient circulation of the water or liquid
in the two tubes. The said deflector or guide consists of a short conical tube
divided radially from the centre into six or more vertical compartments, each
compartment alternately forming an upward and downward channel for the
water or liquid to ascend and descend in as it gravitates down the inner pipe
to be reheated, the heated water ascending in the space between the two
tubes. The said deflector or guide is made by preference of malleable cast
iron.
I construct the furnace for heating the boiler described by preference in the
following manner :-I place the fire-doors at the side of the furnace, somewhat
similar to the doors of a puddling furnace. In the interior of the furnace is a
horizontal division or diaphragm situated midway along the pendent tubes.
The heated gases from the fire-place are first conveyed to the upper part of
the tubes, then along the lower ends. The partially cooled gases next pass
under the ash-pit to a vertical flue outside the furnace, where they are reheated
by the heated walls of the furnace. The gases finally pass over the top of the
coil or vessel, and tend to superheat the steam therein. In the vertical side
flue described a series of horizontal perforated bricks or iron tubes are placed;
through these bricks or tubes the air supplied to the furnace passes, and is
thereby heated.
Having explained the nature of my Invention I will proceed to describe,
with reference to the accompanying Drawings, the manner in which the same
is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in side elevation, partly in longitudinal vertical section, a
boiler or apparatus for heating liquids constructed according to my Invention;
Figure 2 is a transverse vertical section of the same; and Figure 3 is a
horizontal section of the same. The boiler is made of a series of coils of pipes
marked a, situated horizontally in the furnace b; these pipes may be made of
cast iron or malleable cast iron, or the said pipes may be made in two parts by
casting or stamping, and fastened together by flanges at their edges. From
the lower part of the coil of pipes a circulating tubes c are suspended, which
tubes are made in the following way :--One of these tubes is shown separately
on a larger scale in Figure 4 in connection with a deflector or guide constructed

page_text: according to my Invention. Each of the said circulating tubes consists of an
outer tube c and an inner tube d. The inner tube d is provided at top with
a deflector or guide for directing the cooler water or liquid down the.said
tube. The said deflector consists of a conical tube e, shown in plan.<in
Figure 5. The said conical tube e is divided radially into six or other number
of vertical compartments, the said compartments alternately communicating
with the inside. and outside of the tube d. The compartments marked e³ in
Figure 2 communicate with the interior of the tube d,. and those.. marked e³
open on the outside of the tube d. The water by this arrangement is made to
pursue the course indicated, by the arrows indicated in Figures 4 and 5, that
is, the water enters in a horizontal direction by the compartments e², and
passing down the tube d and out at its bottom into the tube c rises between
the tubes cand d, and passes out by the compartments in a vertical or nearly
vertical stream. The deflector or guide described and represented may be
applied to the pendent circulating tubes of all kinds of boilers and other like
apparatus. When the compound tubes, Figures 4 and 5, are used with
ordinary boilers I affix them to the. boiler, in the manner represented. in
Figure 4, that is, I make the top of the tube slightly conical, and insert it
from the inside of the boiler in a conical hole in the bottom of the boiler, as
will be understood by an examination of Figure 4. In connecting the said
tubes with the coil of pipes, Figures 1, 2, and 3, I make at the top of the
outer tube a screwed bush c² of brass or other non-corrosive metal, which bush
is screwed into a hole made in the bottom of.the.coil, as will be understood by
reference to Figures 1 and 2: The bush described is brazed or otherwise
fixed to the top of the outer tube.
I
The method of fixing the outer tubes by means of. the. non-corrosive bush
described may be applied to other apparatus for beating, evaporating, and
cooling liquids.
Figure 6 represents in elevation, and Figure 7 in. horizontal section, a
method of constructing the coils of pipes different from that represented in
Figures 1, 2, and 3. In the arrangement, Figures 6 and 7, two.or more series
of coils one above the other may be cast in one piece, and any number.of the
said coils may be joined together by means of flanges, as. represented... The
coils, Figures 6 and 7, differ from those represented in Figures 1, 2, and.3 in
the following respects, that is to say, the coils, Figures 6 and 7; open.into one
another laterally as well as at their ends, while the upper and lower.coils open
into each other by vertical passages. The circulating, tubes are attached to
the lower series of coils. by inserting them from the inside in. the manner

page_text: herein-before described with reference to Figure 4, and as illustrated in
Figure 6.
.
The manner in which the boiler is set in the furnace and the furnace
constructed is illustrated in Figures 1, 2, and 3. fare the fire-doors at the
side of the furnace; 9 is a horizontal division or diaphragm situated midway
along the pendent tubes. The heated gases from the fire-place are first
conveyed over the bridge h to the upper part of the tubes c, then along the
lower ends of the said tubes to the channel i; the partially cooled gases
next pass under the ash-pit to a vertical flue k outside the furnace, where they
are reheated by the heated walls of the furnace. The gases finally pass to
the chimney m over the top of the coil or vessel a, and tend to superheat the
steam therein. In the vertical side flue k a series of horizontal perforated
bricks or iron tubes n are placed. Through the said bricks or tubes n the air
supplied to the furnace passes, and is thereby beated.
When the boiler is a large one a second or supplementary furnace may be
employed to beat the lower ends of the tubes, as represented at o in Figures 1
and 3. My improved boiler may be heated by furnaces of other constructions
than that represented in the Drawings..
The apparatus described consisting of coils. and pendent tubes may be
employed for cooling liquids by immersing the pendent tubes in the liquid to
be cooled, and passing the refrigerating liquid through the coils and pendent
tubes or the reverse.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not
limit myself to the precise details herein described and illustrated, as the same
may be varied without departing from the nature of my Invention; but
I claim as my Invention of improvements in apparatus for heating, evaporating,
and cooling liquids,-
Firstly. Making that part of the said apparatus in which the heating and
evaporating is effected, or which when used as a refrigerator contains the
refrigerating liquid of a coil or coils of pipes combined with a series of pendent
tubes, substantially as herein-before described and illustrated in the accom-
panying Drawings.
Secondly. The construction herein-before described and illustrated in the
accompanying Drawings of a deffector or guide for the pendent tubes of
apparatus used for heating, evaporating, and cooling liquids.
Thirdly. Fixing the outer tubes of the compound pendent tubes of apparatus
for heating, evaporating, and cooling liquids by means of a screwed bush of

page_text: brass or other non-corrosive metal or alloy at the top of the said outer tubes,
as herein-before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Fothergill Batho, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
WILLIAM FOTHERGILL BATHO. (L.S.)
Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT,
Clerk to George Shaw,
Birmingham.