IMPROVEMENTS IN STUDS FOR CHAIN CABLES AND CHAINS
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
We EDGAR ISAAC HENRY EDWARD WHITEHOUSE and JOSEPH TRUBSHAW
WHITEHOUSE both of Tipton Hall Iron and Chain Works Tipton in the County
of Stafford Manufacturers do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STUDS FOR CHAIN CABLES AND CHAINS to be as
follows:-
Our improvements relate principally to chain cables but are also applicable to
chains not used as cables.
We will describe our improvements as applied to a chain cable.
The said studs as ordinarily made consist of short bars of cast iron of a length
equal to the internal diameter of the links of the chain cable to which they are to
be applied. The said studs are of less diameter at their middle than at their ends
and the ends are made concave to fit against the inner sides of the links.
In making studs for chain cables and for chains according to our invention we
make them by the casting process but instead of making them solid we make them
hollow or tubular. This we effect by the use of cores in the casting process as is
well understood. We either make the hollow studs cylindrical that is of the same
diameter throughout both externally and internally or we make them of the
ordinary figure externally.
In this case we prefer to make the thickness of the metal at and near the
middle of the stud greater than at the ends. Wo do not however limit ourselves
to this distribution of the metal.
By making the said studs according to our invention economy of material is
effected while their strength is preserved and the chain cable or chain to which
they are applied is lighter than a chain cable or chain having studs of the
ordinary kind.

page_text: COMPLETE
SPECIFICATION,
We EDGAR ISAAC HENRY EDWARD WHITEHOUSE and JOSEPH TRUBSHAW
WHITEHOUSE both of Tipton Hall Iron and Chain Works, Tipton in the County
of Stafford, Manufacturers do hereby declare the nature of our invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STUDS FOR CHAIN CABLES AND CHAINS
"and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
Our improvements relate principally to chain cables but are also applicable to
chains not used as cables.
We will describe our improvements as applied to a chain cable.
The said studs as ordinarily made consist of short bars of cast iron of a length
equal to the internal diameter of the links of the chain cable to which they are to
be applied. The said studs are of less diameter at their middle than at their ends
and the ends are made concave to fit against the inner sides of the link.
In making studs for chain cables and for chains according to our invention we
make them by the casting process but instead of making them solid we make them
hollow or tubular. This we effect by the use of cores in the casting process as is
well understood. We either make the hollow studs cylindrical, that is, of the same
diameter throughout both externally and internally or we make them of the
ordinary figure externally. In this case we prefer to make the thickness of the
metal at and near the middle of the stud greater than at the ends.
however limit ourselves to this distribution of the metal.
We do not
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawing represents partly in section and partly
in elevation, the link of a chain cable to which a hollow or tubular stud made
according to our invention is applied and Figure 2 represents side elevations taken
at right angles to one another and an end elevation of the said stud detached.
a is the link of the chain cable of the ordinary kind and b is the hollow or
tubular stud the concave ends of which fit against and are secured to the inner
sides of the link a as represented in Figure 1. The hollow stud b is cylindrical
internally, that is, the interior of the stud is of the same diameter throughout, or
the metal may be thicker at and near the middle of the stud than at the ends.
Instead of making the hollow or tubular stud of the external figure represented
in the drawing, that is, of less diameter at its middle than at its ends hollow or
tubular studs made according to our invention may have a cylindrical figure both
externally and internally or cylindrical externally and a thickening of the metal
internally at and near the middle of the stud, that is, the stud is not cylindrical
internally but its interior is smallest at its middle and increases in diameter from
the middle towarts each end. We do not think it necessary to describe the coring
of the moulds for the production of the cast hollow or tubular studs b as the said
coring of the moulds is effected in the ordinary way and constitutes no part of our
invention and although we prefer to produce the said hollow or tubular studs by
casting yet the said studs may be made of wrought metal by forging.
By making the said studs according to our invention, economy of material is
effected while their strength is preserved and the chain cable or chain to which
they are applied is lighter than a chain cable or chain having studs of the ordinary
kind.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed We declare that what
We claim is
Making the studs of chain cables and chains hollow or tubular for the purposes
and substantially as herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawing
Dated this Thirtieth day of January 1885.
EDGAR ISAAC HENRY EDWARD WHITEHOUSE.
JOSEPH TRUBSHAW WHITEHOUSE,