IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING OR FORGING BLANK NUTS, BOLTS, SPIKES, RIVETS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Whittaker, of the City of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING OR FORGING BLANK NUTS, BOLTS, SPIKES,
RIVETS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES."
Sealed the 14th September 1875, and dated the 18th March 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Whittaker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th March 1875.
I, JOHN WHITTAKER, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING OR FORGING BLANK NUTS, BOLTS,
SPIKES, RIVETS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
In the machine for manufacturing the nuts I employ strong standards
or framework having at one end bearings carrying a shaft, to which is
fixed a spur wheel, two cranks, and three eccentrics, and the spur wheel

page_text: is geared to a pinion on a driving shaft mounted with a fast and loose
pulley. On the framework is fixed an anvil block, having in it a guide
for the heated metal, and also a stationary cutter having two cutting
edges, the machine being double. To the table and to a plate at the
top of the framework are fitted two sliding frames, having in them
vertical slots, in which are fitted blocks or steps carrying the crank pins,
which blocks and pins move up and down as the cranks revolve, and
give a straight to-and-fro motion to the sliding frames, and in each
sliding frame there are two slotted cams, in which are placed bowls
working on pins fixed to two pairs of hammers or carriers, and one
eccentric rod or bar gives motion to a moveable double cutter, another
to two punches, and a third to two flatteners, and to the framework are
adjusted and fixed two stationary crowners, and to the anvil block two
dies and two flattening surfaces.
When the machine is at work the heated metal bar is passed through
the guide and stationary cutter to a stop, and then the moveable cutter
moves in one direction and cuts off a rough blank, and carries it to and
presses it against one of the crowners, after which two opposite hammers
at one side of the machine approach each other to take hold of the
blank and carry it to a die to be punched by an advancing punch, and
when the punch recedes after punching the hole the hammers carry
the punch blank to one of the flattening surfaces to be squeezed and
flattened by one of the advancing flatteners, and then the hammers
recede from each other to allow the blank to drop as required, and
the operations are precisely similar at the other side of the machine.
In some cases the heated metal bar is passed in a horizontal direction
through a guide and stationary cutter placed vertically, the angles of
both the stationary and moveable cutters being at right angles to a
horizontal plane, but in other cases I pass the heated metal bar through
a guide and cutter placed at an angle of 45° degrees to the horizontal
plane, the moveable double cutter and ends of the hammers also having
corresponding angles.
In the machine for manufacturing or forging bolts, spikes, rivets, and
similar articles I fix to a table or frame a stationary cutter, and also
guides or bearings carrying a cutter, to which horizontal or vertical to-
and-fro motion is given by a cam or eccentric at one or both ends. At

page_text: the back of the machine there are four slides, and at the front two, all
the slides being at right angles to the cutters, and worked to and fro by
cams or eccentrics. In the stationary cutter there are three holes, one
leading to a hole in a moveable cutter, and a stop placed in a position
to agree with the desired lengths of the bolts, spikes, or rivets, and the
other holes are used for a discharging pin to pass through, and the ends
of the right angled slides are cupped, plane, or furnished with pushing
or discharging pins as required.
When the heated bar is passed through the centre hole, and also
through one of the holes of the moveable cutter to the stop, a piece of
the bar is cut off and carried by the cutter to one of the back slides,
which advances and partially forms conically or other suitable form to
be afterwards finished by a second slide or heading die, before which it
is passed. These operations are similar when the heated bar is placed
in the centre hole of the stationary cutter, and the second hole of the
moveable cutter cutting off the piece of metal and placing it before two
other slides for forming the head, the bolts, spikes, or rivets being forced
out of the holes in the moveable cutter by the advance of the pushing
or discharging pins on the slides at the front of the machine; and when
square or hexagon heads are to be formed I employ hammers or swages
of corresponding shapes worked by cams or eccentrics, worked either
vertically, horizontally, or at an angle, and instead of using a horizontal
moveable cutter I use one working vertically or at an angle, or employ
a vibrating or revolving disc having cutting edges, there being holes in
the cutter similar to those in the sliding cutter, the pieces of cut
metal being led to and acted upon by cupping and pushing slides as
before.

page_text: hammers recede from each other to allow the blank to drop as required,
and the operations are precisely similar at the other side of the
machine.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Whittaker in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 18th September 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
WHITTAKER, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her 1
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Whittaker, Her special license that
I, the said John Whittaker, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said John Whittaker, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed;
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANU-
FACTURING OR FORGING BLANK NUTS, BOLTS, SPIKES, RIVETS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Whittaker, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Whittaker, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Figures on the accom-

page_text: panying two Sheets of Drawings, and to the letters of reference marked
thereon (that is to say) :-
On Sheet 1 Fig. 1 is a front elevation, Fig. 2 a plan, and Figs. 3, 4,
and 5 detached views of one of my improved machines for manufacturing
or forging blank nuts.
a represents strong standards or framework mounted with bearings b
carrying a shaft c, to which is fixed a spur wheel d, two cranks e, and
three eccentrics f, g, h, and the spur wheel is geared to a pinion / on
the driving shaft / mounted with a fast and loose pulley. On the
framework is fixed an anvil block marked m in all the Figures, the
block having in it a guide n for the heated metal bar o, and also a
stationary cutter p having two cutting edges, the machine being double.
To the table q and to the plater at the top of the framework are fitted
two sliding frames s, t, the parts & having in them vertical slots, in
which are fitted blocks or steps u carrying the crank pins v, which
blocks and pins move up and down as the cranks revolve, and give a
straight to-and-fro motion to the sliding frames 8, t, and in each part t
of the sliding frame there are two slotted cams w, x, in which are
placed bowls working on pins fixed to two pairs of hammers or
carriers a¹, b¹. The eccentrics f, g, h, are encased in blocks c¹, Figs. 3,
4, and 5, fitted in vertical guides d' at the ends of the bars e¹, f¹, g¹, and
as the eccentrics revolve they give the bars to-and-fro sliding motion,
first, to the bar e', in which there is a double cutter h', Fig. 3; secondly,
to the bar f¹ carrying two punches ; and thirdly, to the bar g¹, to
which flatteners are connected, and to the lower part of the anvil
block is jointed a two-armed lever m², Fig. 4, acted upon by bowls n¹ on
the sliding bar f¹ in order to keep up the cut blanks against surfaces in
the parts o¹ during the process of punching, thereby keeping the holes
central and two sides of the blank from being bulged, the other two
sides being held firmly by hammers.
When the machine is at work the heated metal bar o is passed through
the guiden and stationary cutter p to a stop, and then the moveable
cutter h¹ moves in one direction and cuts off a rough blank, and carries
it to and presses it against one of the stationary crowners q¹, after which
two opposite hammers at one side of the machine approach each other,
take hold of the blank, and carry it to a disc to be punched by an
advancing punch, and when the punch receds after punching the hole

page_text: the hammers carry the punched blank to one of the flattening surfaces
to be squeezed and flattened by one of the advancing flatteners, and
then the hammers recede from each other to allow the blank to drop as
required, and the operations are precisely similar at the other side of the
machine.
In this machine the heated metal bar is fed in a horizontal direction,
but the arrangement may be modified by placing the guide and the
stationary and moveable cutters at an angle of 45°, as shewn in Figs. 6
and 7, Sheet 2, and it will be seen that in this case there is no necessity
for using the lever m³, Fig. 4, during the process of punching, as the
inclined angles of the hammers prevent the blank from shifting, and
materially assist in carrying the blank to be carried to the crowner,
punch, and flattener; and in Figs. 6 and 7 represents the anvil;
&', the stationary cutters; t¹, the heated metal bar; and u¹ the moveable
double cutter fitted or held in the sliding bar v¹, and two of the hammers
are marked w².
In the front view, Fig. 8, and plan, Fig. 9, Sheet 2, I represent one
of my improved machines for manufacturing or forging bolts, spikes,
rivets, and similar articles.
To a table a² fixed to suitable standards or framework I fix a stationary
cutter ², and also guides and bearings carrying a moveable cutter bar c²,
to which horizontal to-and-fro motion is given by two cams d² on the
shafts geared by the bevil wheels with the shaft ², and one of the
shafts f is driven by pulleys or gearing from any driving shaft. At
the back of the machine there are four slides k³, 12, the two slides k³
being moved forwards by cams m² on the shaft 2, and backwards by
springs or by a positive motion, and the two slides are moved forwards
and backwards by cams n², o²; also on the shaft ² the cams m², n², and
o being also shewn in Fig. 10. At the front of the machine there are
two slides worked to and fro by cams 12 on sliding plates &² moved to
and fro as required by cams t, u, fixed to the shafts f, and to the two
slides are fixed discharging pins y, z, and the cam is shewn in Fig. 11,
and the cam u² in Fig. 12, the cam parts at each side of the machine
being in opposite directions.
In the stationary cutter 62 there are three holes a³, ³, c³, the hole ³
leading to one of two holes d³, e³, in the moveable cutter c³, and to a

page_text: stopf placed in a position to agree with the desired length of the bolts,
spikes, or rivets, and the other holes a³, c³, in the stationary cutter are
used for the discharging pins y², 23, to pass through, and to the ends of
the slides ³, &, are fixed heading dies.
When the heated bar is passed through the centre hole of the
stationary cutter, and also through one of the holes of the moveable
cutter to the stop f³, a piece of the bar is cut off and carried by the
cutter bar acted upon by one of the forward movements of one of the
cams d² to one of the back slides k³, which advances by the action of
one of the cams m², and partially forms the head of a conical or other
suitable shape, and after the cutter has again been moved by a second
movement of the cam d² the slide with its heading tool advances to
finish the head, and then the bolt is discharged by a forward movement
of one of the discharging pins, the slide having been drawn back by
its corresponding cam o*.
When the heading die in the slide is pressing the metal the end of
the shank is in contact with a plain part of the stationary cutter forming
the abutment, but when the head is being finished by the heading die
in the slide the bottom end of the shank is opposite one of the outer
holes in the stationary cutter and one of the discharging pins, and as
the front of the pin is a short distance behind the front edge of the
stationary cutter the top end of the shank can be pushed further
forwards, and thereby enable the square neck and the under side of the
head to be sharp and square. These operations are precisely similar on
both sides of the machine, for when one of the cams & has moved the
cutter bar in one direction as required, and the heated bar passed
through the central hole of the stationary cutter, and through the
second hole of the moveable cutter, the opposite cam d² moves the
cutter bar in the reverse direction for enabling the other pair of
slides k, l, to perform similar operations to those before described.
In another arrangement I employ sliding plates having recessed cams
for giving the forward and backward movements to the slides containing
the heading dies and discharging pins, the to-and-fro motion of the front
and back sliding plates being given by cranks having their pins working
in slotted frames similar to those in the blank nut forging machine,
shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, Sheet 1.

page_text: And Seventhly. The employment of a vibrating or revolving disc
used in combination with slides, heading dies, and a discharging pin or
pins similar to those shewn in Figs. 8 and 9, and worked by cams or any
other means.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Whittaker, have hereunto
set my hand and scal, this Seventeenth day of September, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named John Whittaker, in
the presence of
G. SEPTIMUS HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.
JOHN WHITTAKER. (L.S.)