IM- PROVEMENTS IN INLAYING OR ORNAMENTING ARTICLES OF FURNITURE AND DAYS AD CHIRRORS OF WOOD FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Enoch Tysall, of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Cabinet Maker, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN INLAYING OR ORNAMENTING ARTICLES OF FURNITURE AND
DAYS AD CHIRRORS OF WOOD FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES "
Sealed the 30th June 1871, and dated the 4th February 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Enoch Tysall
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 4th February 1871.
1
I, JOHN ENOCH TYSALL, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Cabinet Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN INLAYING OR ORNAMENTING ARTICLES OF FURNITURE AND
PANELS OR SURFACES OF WOOD FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
'
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
inlaying or ornamenting articles of furniture, which improvements may

page_text: also be applied to the inlaying or ornamenting of panels and surfaces of
wood generally.
I will describe my Invention as applied to the inlaying or ornamenting
of an article of furniture. Upon the groundwork of the article to be
inlayed or ornamented* I secure a layer of dark wood, or wood of a
colour different from that of which the article is made, and upon the
said dark or coloured wood I secure a thin layer or vencer of the same
wood as that of the groundwork of the article or of the wood of
which the surface of the article is to be principally made. The said
layers are secured by glue in the way in which veneers are ordinarily
secured. By cutting away or incising the outer layer or veneer portions
of the said outer layer or veneer of any required ornamental form are
removed, and the dark or coloured wood underneath exposed, the said
dark or coloured wood giving the appearance of ordinary inlaying. The
exposed surface of the dark or coloured wood may be carved in any
required manner, and portions of the dark or coloured wood may be
incised or pierced so as to expose portions of the wood beneath it. The
edges of the article may by chamfering be made to expose a coloured
bevilled edge.
Where only a small portion of the article is to be inlayed or
ornamented according to my Invention I limit the application of the
layers of different woods to the part or parts to be inlayed or ornamented.
Or I ornament by my Invention a slab or panel and insert or inlay it
in the groundwork of the article of furniture. Where however the
greater part of the surface of the article is to be ornamented I prefer to
cover the whole groundwork of the article with the layers of different
coloured woods.
Although my Invention is especially applicable to the inlaying or
ornamenting of articles of furniture, yet my said Invention may also be
applied to the panels of doors, to floors, and to the inlaying or ornamenting
of articles and surfaces of wood generally.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Enoch Tysall in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 31st July 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
ENOCH TYSALL, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Cabinet
Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the
thirty-fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said John Enoch Tysall, Her
special licence that I, the said John Enoch Tysall, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Enoch
Tysall, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN INLAYING OR ORNAMENTING ARTICLES OF FURNITURE AND
PANELS OR SURFACES OF WOOD FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said John Enoch Tysall, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Enoch Tysall, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following. statement. thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
inlaying or ornamenting articles of furniture, which improvements may
also be applied to the inlaying or ornamenting of panels and surfaces of
wood generally.
I will describe my-Invention as applied to the inlaying or ornamenting

page_text: of an article of furniture. Upon the groundwork of the article to be
inlayed or ornamented I inlay or secure a layer of dark wood or wood
of a colour different from that of which the article is made, and upon the
said dark or coloured wood I secure a thin layer or veneer of the same
wood as that of the groundwork of the article or of the wood of which
the surface of the article is to be principally made. The said layers are
secured by glue in the way in which veneers are ordinarily secured. By
cutting away or incising the outer layer or veneer portions of the said
"outer layer or veneer of any required ornamental form are removed and
the dark or coloured wood underneath exposed, the said dark or coloured
'wood giving the appearance of inlaying. The exposed surface of the
dark or coloured wood may be carved in any required manner, and
portions of the dark or coloured wood may be incised or pierced, so as to
expose portions of the wood beneath it. The edges of the article may
by chamfering be made to expose a coloured bevilled edge.
Where only a small portion of the article is to be inlayed or
ornamented according to my Invention I limit the application of the
layers of different woods to the part or parts to be inlayed or ornamented;
or I ornament by my Invention a slab or panel and insert or inlay it
in the groundwork of the article of furniture. Where however the
greater part of the surface of the article is to be ornamented I prefer
to cover the whole groundwork of the article with the layers of different
coloured woods.
· Although my Invention is especially applicable to the inlaying or
rornamenting of articles of furniture, yet my said Invention may also
be applied to the panels of doors, to floors, to ceilings, and to the
inlaying or ornamenting of articles and surfaces of wood generally.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying
Drawings the manner in which I carry my Invention into effect in
ornamenting or inlaying with different coloured woods a panel and frame
for an article of furniture.
Figure 1 represents in elevation a panel and frame inlayed or
'ornamented according to my Invention, and Figure 2 represents the
same before the thin outer layers or veneers are secured thereto;
Figure 3 is a transverse section of Figure. 2 taken on the line a, and
Figure 4 is a longitudinal section of Figure 2 taken on the line b. In
the said Figures 3 and 4 the thin outer layers or veneers are represented

page_text: applied to the panel and frame. The same letters of reference indicate
the same parts in each Figure.
colour from the
c is the panel and d the frame of the same. I insert in the panel c
at the corners and centre thereof layers or pieces of coloured woods
marked respectively e, f, g, h, i, holes or recesses of the shape of the
said layers or pieces being made to receive them, as seen by the section's
Figures 3 and 4. Each of the layers or pieces e, f, g, h, is of a different
others, for example, the layer or piece e is made of
ebony, the layer of mahogany, the layer g of a lighter coloured wood,
and the layer h of a still lighter coloured wood. The central piece at i
is made up of four layers of the same coloured woods as the four corner
layers e, f, g, h. In the frame d of the panel I also insert pieces or.
layers of different coloured woods marked respectively k, l, m, n. The
several layers or pieces of coloured woods are situated flush with the
surface of the panel and frame (see the sections). I also arrange at the
inner edges of the frame a beadings p, p, of different coloured woods.
All the layers and beadings of coloured wood in the panel and frame
are of a different colour from that of the wood with which the surface
of the said panel and frame is to be veneered. I fix the layers and
beadings of coloured woods in their places by means of glue.
Having arranged the pieces or layers of different coloured woods in
the manner represented in Figure 2, I next fix upon the panel c and
frame d by glue in the ordinary way thin layers or veneers of the same
wood as that of which the surface of the article of furniture is made,
say, for example, oak or deal, or other wood differing in colour from
that of the several coloured woods fixed in the panel and frame. The
outer veneer covering the panel c is marked q, that covering the frame d
is marked r, 2, and that covering the beadings p, p, is marked r³, s. After
the outer veneers have been firmly secured in their places the required
ornamental designs or devices are made in the said outer veneers by
cutting away or incising portions thereof, as will be understood by
referring to Figure 1, that is to say, in the outer veneer q of the panel
and opposite the pieces or layers of coloured woods e, f, g, h, ornamental
piercings are made so as to expose portions of the said coloured wood's
beneath it. Similarly ornamental piercings are made in the outer
veneer opposite the coloured woods k, l, m, n, so as to expose portions
of the said coloured woods beneath it. The veneers covering the

page_text: .
beadings p, p, are also chamfered or otherwise cut away so as to expose
portions of the coloured woods of the said beadings. In addition to
incising or piercing portions of the outer veneers to expose the coloured
woods beneath them the exposed parts of the coloured woods may be
carved so as to continue or perfect the ornamental forms of the pierced
parts of the outer veneers. - For example, the parts of the leaves
formed from the exposed parts of the coloured wood g of the ornament
at the right hand top corner of the panel Figure 1 are represented
carved. When the coloured wood beneath the outer veneer is thin the
said coloured wood may itself be incised or pierced so as to expose
portions of the wood beneath it. In this way the panel or surface may
be ornamented in any desired manner, the said ornamented surface
having the appearance of inlaying. Instead of inserting layers or picces
of coloured woods in the panel or surface to be ornamented thin layers
or veneers may be secured upon the surface and the outer layer or veneer
secured thereto, and perforated or incised as before described, and
instead of using several coloured woods as represented in the Drawing
one coloured wood only may be used for the first or under layer. In
this case the ornamented parts formed by the incising or cutting away of
the outer layer or vencer are of the same colour.
In applying my Invention to the inlaying or ornamenting of other
parts of articles of furniture, and to floors and other articles and surfaces
of wood, I proceed substantially as herein-before described with respect
to a panel and frame for an article of furniture.
Having now described the nature of my Invention and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do
not limit myself to the precise details herein described and illustrated,
as the same may be varied without departing from the nature of my
Invention; but I claim as my Invention, the improvements in inlaying
or ornamenting articles of furniture and panels or surfaces of wood for
various purposes, herein-before described and illustrated in the accom-
panying Drawings, that is to say, inlaying or ornamenting the said
articles and surfaces by securing in or upon the groundwork of the
article or surface to be ornamented pieces, layers, or veneers of a wood
or woods of a colour different from that of the wood of which the
surface of the finished article is made, and securing upon the ground-
work or surface so prepared a thin layer or veneer, or thin layers or

page_text: veneers of the wood of which the surface of the finished article is made,
and cutting away or incising the outer layer or veneer in any desired
ornamental form, so as to expose at the excised or cut away parts the
coloured wood or woods beneath the said outer layer or veneer, sub-
stantially as described and illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Enoch Tysall, have hereunto
set my hand and scal, this Twenty-seventh day of July, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.
0 Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT,
Clerk to George Shaw,
Birmingham.
JOHN ENOCH TYSALL. (L.S.)