IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHI APPARATUS DELIVERING PRINTED MESSAGES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Wyard Gooch, of High Street, Eton, in the County
of Bucks, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHI
APPARATUS DELIVERING PRINTED MESSAGES."
ealed the 15th June 1877, and dated the 10th January 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Wyard Gooch at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th January 1877.
JAMES WYARD GOOCH, of High Street, Eton, in the County of Bucks. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH APPARATUS DELIVERING PRINTED MESSAGES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in electric telegraph apparatus
delivering printed messages.
My improved apparatus is designed to print messages directly on to sheets of
paper in readiness for delivery, thus obviating translation, copying, or cutting into
strips, as in other recording and type printing machines.
A complete instrument according to my Invention embodies a sending apparatus,
one or more receiving apparatus, and a set of clockwork, whereby the said sending
and receiving apparatus are actuated simultaneously, and the clockwork of the
instruments at the several stations is so regulated that the sending and receiving
instruments at both of two stations in telegraphic connection with each other, that
is, at the station whence a message is being sent and at the station where such
message is being delivered, revolve synchronously.
When several receiving apparatus are connected and adapted to the clockwork of
one sending instrument, all or more than one of the said receiving apparatus.can
be receiving independent messages simultaneously without interfering with each
other. In connection with the clockwork, so as to be rotated thereby, is a plate
perforated with a number of holes arranged around the axis of the plate in a curved.
row, each hole being at a different distance radially from the centre of the plate.
The number of holes corresponds to the number of letters or marks for which the
machine is arranged.
Above the plate is a circuit maker and breaker, and below the plate is a set of...
keys equal in number to the number of holes in the plate, and so arranged that
during each rotation of the perforated plate each of its holes passes over its corre-

page_text: sponding key. Each hole in the perforated plate is furnished with a pin kept by
a spring in a normal position, so as to clear the keys and the circuit maker and
breaker as the perforated plate revolves, except when a key is depressed, whereupon
the corresponding pin in the perforated plate is moved, and as the plate continues
its rotary course, in due time the said pin operates the circuit maker and breaker so
as to break the electric circuit (or it may be vice versa), and the required letter,
figure, or mark is printed, as will be hereafter described.
The keys may be 44 in number, arranged in 4 rows of 11 each, and each key
when depressed remains so until after the letter, figure, or mark required is printed,
when the key is returned to its normal position, and thus the operator is made
aware that he can proceed. With this instrument one or more letters, figures, or
marks can be printed at each revolution of the perforated plate.
The type or letters, figures or marks, instead of being on the edge of a type
wheel, as in other instruments, are carried each by a spring. To this end a nave or
boss arranged to rotate in the same time as the perforated plate carries a number,
of steel springs, extending from it radially like so many spokes of a wheel but
having no rim.
The number of springs is the same as the number of keys, and each spring carries
near its free end a type corresponding to the letter, figure, or mark it is to print.
As these springs are carried round by their nave or boss they are at a certain point
brought into contact with and are caused to slide along an inclined plane. There
is a second incline in the contrary direction along which the springs return to their
normal positions as they proceed onward unless required to print a letter, figure, or
mark, in which case the spring carrying the required type is suddenly released at
the end of the first incline, thus causing the type to strike the paper which is
arranged upon a suitable cylinder and thus receives the requisite impression. The
release of a type spring, as described, is effected by the armature of the magnet
being suddenly released upon the breaking of the circuit in the manner before
mentioned. On the reclosing of the circuit the armature is again attracted and
draws endwise with it the cylinder carrying the paper into position to receive the
next impression.
The inking of the type is effected by its coming in contact with an inked roller
as it revolves.
The cylinder carrying the paper to be printed travels along a shaft, the paper
being kept in position by springs or otherwise. From each end of the cylinder
projects an arm the two arms are connected by a circular ended rack, plain along
its upper edge but having teeth around its circular ends and along its under edge.
When the clock work is in motion a pinion operated by it, and then in juxtaposition
to the circular-ended rack, is constantly rotating. Immediately the end of the
paper has been reached the pinion gears with the teeth of the rack, causing partial
rotation of the paper cylinder and moving it endwise into position for commencing
the next line to be printed. A curved spring at each end of the rack keeps the
pinion at the proper times in gear with the teeth at the circular ends of the rack.
When the paper cylinder has been partially rotated by the pinion teeth at the end
of the cylinder it is caught by springs, and thus the spaces between the lines of the
printing are formed.
In front of the rack above mentioned is a narrower rack toothed along its lower
edge. Upon these teeth acts a ratchet carried by the armature of the electro-
magnet. Thus after a letter, figure, or mark has been printed the paper cylinder
is moved endwise through the requisite space to set it for receiving the next
impression. A third ratchet with exactly the same number of teeth as the one last
above described is acted on by the circuit maker and breaker, and being placed in
front of the operator acts as a "tell-tale." It is so constructed that it travels along
at the same rate as the paper, and thus makes clear to the operator when a line has
been completed.
.
By the use of transfer paper more than one copy of a message may be simul-
taneously printed.
.

page_text: It will be evident that apparatus arranged on the principle of. my Invention, as
herein above set forth, may be constructed in various forms..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Wyard Gooch in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 10th
July 1877.
JAMES WYARD GOOCH, of High Street, Eton, in the County of Bucks. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH APPARATUS DELIVERING PRINTED MESSAGES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in electric telegraph apparatus
delivering printed messages.
My improved apparatus is designed to print messages directly on to sheets of
paper in readiness for delivery, thus obviating translation, copying, or cutting into
strips, as in other recording and type printing machines.
A complete instrument according to iny Invention embodies a sending apparatus,
one or more receiving apparatus, and a set of clockwork, whereby the said sending
and receiving apparatus are actuated simultaneously, and the clockwork of the instru-
ments at the several stations is so regulated that the sending and receiving
instruments at both of two stations in telegraphic connection with each other, that
is, at the station whence a message is being sent and at the station where such
message is being delivered, revolve synchronously.
When several receiving apparatus are connected and adapted to the clockwork of
one sending instrument all or more than one of the said receiving apparatus can be
receiving independent messages simultaneously without interfering with each other.
In connection with the clockwork, so as to be rotated thereby, is a plate perforated
with a number of holes arranged around the axis of the plate in a curved row, cach
hole being at a different distance radially from the centre of the plate. The
number of holes corresponds to the number of letters or marks for which the machine
is arranged.
Above the plate is a circuit maker and breaker, and below the plate is a set of
keys equal in number to the number of holes in the plate, and so arranged that
during each rotation of the perforated plate each of its holes passes over its cor-
responding key. Each hole in the perforated plate is furnished with a pin kept by
a spring in a normal position, so as to clear the keys and the circuit maker and
breaker as the perforated plate revolves, except when a key is depressed, whereupon
the corresponding pin in the perforated plate is moved, and as the plate continues its
rotary course in due time the said pin operates the circuit maker and breaker so as
to break the electric circuit (or it may be vice versa), and the required letter, figure,
or mark is printed, as will be hereinafter described.
The keys may be forty-four in number, arranged in four rows of eleven each, and
each key when depressed remains so until after the letter, figure, or mark required
is printed, when the key is returned to its normal position, and thus the operator is
made aware that he can proceed. With this instrument one or more letters, figures,
or marks can be printed at each revolution of the perforated plate.
The type or letters, figures, or marks, instead of being on the edge of a type
wheel, as in other instruments, are carried and operated as herein-after described:
The inking of the type is effected by its coming in contact with an inked roller as
it revolves, a suitable wiper for cleaning the type being provided between the paper
cylinder and the inking roller so as to wipe the type as it proceeds towards the
inking roller after having passed the said cylinder.
The cylinder carrying the paper to be printed travels along a shaft, the paper
being kept in position by springs or otherwise.
When the clockwork is in motion a pinion operated by it, and then.in juxta-
position to a circular ended rack, plain along its lower edge but having teeth

page_text: in tiers of 11 each. These keys are somewhat similar to those of a pianoforte, and
are designed to be played or acted upon by the fingers of the operator. Each key
at the front of the machine, which forms the keyboard, bears the impress of a letter,
figure, or mark, from whence they extend beyond their fulera k and guide plate l,
terminating in points projecting upwards immediately underneath the contact disc c.
At the time any one or more of the keys i are struck, so as to be depressed, tliey
are retained for a definite time in that state by means of the springs i; i¹, until
again released automatically in manner as herein-after described.
The projecting terminations of the key levers as the said keys are struck by the
operator are caused to rise and come into contact with and act upon yielding inclined
planes m secured to the under side of the contact disc c. These inclined planes m;
herein-after called spring planes, are arranged in a curved line around the axis of
the disc c, vide Figure 2, each inclined plane being at a different distance radially
from the centre of the said disc. The number of spring planes in corresponds to
the letters, marks, and figures the machine is arranged to transmit, so that as tho
said disc c revolves each spring plane is brought successively over the projecting.
end of the termination of the under key corresponding therewith. Each spring
plane m is provided with a fixed or rigid inclined plane m³, the object of which is
herein-after described. The yielding ends of the spring planes m are provided with
pins n, which are kept in position and work freely through perforations in the
contact disc c. The upper end of each pin terminates in a button head, which when
not raised rests upon the upper surface of the contact disc. Immediately above the
surface of these buttons, so as readily to allow any one of the same to be brought into
contact therewith when raised, is a plane o supported by axial pivots o³, o', in
bearings secured to the framing of the inachine. The position of the plane o relative
to the button heads is such that at the time any one. of the said buttons is raised
from the surface of the disc c by the corresponding key actuating it, such raised
button will lift (during its passage) the said plane o from an inclined towards a
horizontal position, and when not so supported will at once drop to its normal or
inclined position. The axial pivots o', o, supporting the plane o are connected
with the adjustable electric contact maker p, which is interposed between a
battery (g) (not shewn) and the electro-magnet at the station to be communicated
with. The circuit is made immediately the vibrating plane o is raised towards a
horizontal position, as described, and is again broken when the said plane o is not
supported by the passing button which raised it. The key which was acted upon
so as to raise the contact button is retained in its depressed state, as before
described, during the time such button is passing under the plane o, but imme-
diately the contact between the plane and the button is broken and the disc c
continues its revolution the fixed incline m³, before mentioned, comes into
contact with the raised projecting termination of the key i, and returns it to its
normal position.
Having thus described those parts of the machine more intimately connected
with the keyboard of the transmitting instrument and those which receivo motion
from the positively driven upright shaft a, I will now proceed to describe the action
of the type disc of the receiving instrument, and those parts actuated by and in
electrical connection therewith, through the medium of which and the foregoing
transmitting instrument the printing of messages from one transmitting station to
a number of receiving stations is effected simultaneously, with or without a relay
apparatus.
The before-mentioned type disc d, which is keyed to the upright shaft or
The
spindle a, rotates at the saine time and in unison with the contact disc c.
disc d is provided around its outer edge with a number of tubes 8, seen more
particularly in section in Fig. 1; each one of these tubes contains a type pin or
plunger s. These pins extend some some little distance above and below the tubes s;
in which they slide, and are maintained in their lowest normal position by the action.
of an internal coiled spring or equivalent means; their protruding upper surfaces
terminate in type letters, figures, or marks, and their lower ends are rounded of or

page_text: hemispherical; they are also provided with transverse pins, which project outwards
and enter vertical slots formed in their supporting tubes, the object of which is to
keep cach pin when being raised or lowered in its true vertical central position.
The said type pins and their supporting tubes correspond in number to the keys
on the keyboard of the instrument, and as they are carried round by their disc p
they are at a certain point brought in succession over an extended portion of the
armature t¹ of the electro-magnet r
When the armature is attracted by its magnet r. in consequence of the closing
of the circuit at the station when a message is being sent, its said extended arm t,
the extremity of which forms a tappet v, which yields in a horizontal direction, and
is kept in position by a spring vl, is lifted so as to strike the lower hemispherical
end of the type pin s'. This striking action occurs when any one of the keys on
the keyboard is depressed, as at that time the contact piece p completes the electric
circuit, and thus causes the particular letter, figure, or mark on the type plunger s¹,
corresponding with the key depressed, to come in contact with paper which is
arranged upon a suitable cylinder h, and thus receives the requisite impression.
The inking of the type is effected as the disc d rotates by the type coming in
contact with the inking rollers g. The cylinder h carrying the paper to be printed
travels along a shaft w, vide Figs. 3 and 4, the paper being kept in position by
springs. The cylinder is embraced by a frame x, x. One side of this frame
carries a circular ended rack y, plain along its lower.edge, but having teeth around
its circular ends and along its upper edge. When the upright shaft a is in motion
a pinion 2, which is driven by it and constantly revolving, is arranged to lie in
juxtaposition to the circular ended rack y.
Iminediately the end of the paper has been reached on the completion of a line of
printing the pinion z gears with and depresses the rack y and then returns the
cylinder longitudinally into position for the commencement of a fresh line, and
then causes the partial rotation of the paper cylinder necessary for the space
between the lines by revolving round the circular end of the rack y.
A curved spring at each end of the rack y keeps the pinion at the proper
times in gear with the teeth at the circular end of the rack, when the cylinder h
governing the movement of the paper has been partially rotated at the completion
of each line by the pinion, as described; the cylinder h as it completes its traverse
runs upon the pin 22, which prevents it revolving; the spring 23, as the frame x
is moved by pinion z by depression of the rack y on the opposite side of the
cylinder is caused to catch or carry forward one tooth of the ratchet wheel
forming one end of the cylinder h, at which time the continued revolving
of the pinion travels or forces the cylinder and paper back for the commencement
of a fresh line of print. On the opposite side of the cylinder h, and parallel with
its axis, a ratchet rack 1 is placed; the teeth of the rack are found on its lower edge.
A pawl 2 connected with the armature t¹ of the electro-magnet is caused to act
upon the teeth of the rack in such a manner that simultaneously with the
printing of a letter, figure, or mark the said rack and cylinder are moved endwise a
distance requisite to set the paper in position for receiving the necessary type
impression.
The completion of a line of printed matter is indicated to the sender by means
of a tell-tale disc Av and pointer Av, shewn in Fig. 1, Sheet 1. An arm projecting
from the axis of the contact maker and breaker O is connected by the rod A** to the
crank Av³, which works a pawl taking into the teeth of the crown wheel at the
back of the disc Av. Thus every time the contact maker and breaker O is lifted
the tell-tale disc is moved round one tooth, which is indicated by divisions on its
face coming into line with the pointer A**
The cylinder, as shewn at Figs. 1, 2, and 3, is caused to traverse forward letter
by letter, as described, by the direct action of the electro-magnet t upon its
armature t¹. This action can be reversed and the rack moved by the return of the
armature actuated by its spring 2 if preferred. Or other equivalent arrange-
ment may be employed, which will effect through the actuating portions of the

page_text: machine the intermittent step-by-step motion of the cylinder spacing the distance
between the letters. In conjunction with the latter movement prefer to use the
type when constructed and actuated as shewn and described in the Figs. 5, 6,
and 7, in which Fig. 5 represents a portion of the type disc d and cylinder in longi-
tudinal section, shewing one of the type in contact therewith and two out of con-
tact; Fig. 6 is a transverse view of same, also showing a similar diposition of the
type; and Fig. 7 is a plan of a portion of the type and their supporting springs.
In these Figures I pass through the lower end of the type pin 8' a trunnion which
oscillates in a crutched shaped bearing s3; this bearing is supported on the end of a
horizontal springs, the opposite end of which is attached to the type disc. This
spring rests when in its lowest position in the stirrup 85, this stirrup is also
provided with a spring, which presses against the type pin, so as to bed it against
the end of a slotted hole formed in the type disc d.
When the type pin is struck up or raised in manner before described, so as to
be brought into contact with paper on the printing cylinder, as seen at Figs. 5
and 6, during the time the disc d is revolving the the lettered face of the type remains
stationary during the time of contact with the paper, after which and when not in
contact it is caused to spring back into its former position in the slotted hole of the
disc d; by this arrangement of yielding type pin a clear impression is produced,
and any tendency to tear or smear the paper is obviated.
The electric current acts on an electro-magnet (not shewn) connected with the
clock work, which latter is regulated at the completion of each line of the printing
to ensure isochronism.
The instrument is of course provided with the usual switches for ringing a bell
and starting the machinery. These parts being well understood it has not been
deemed necessary to shew them in the Drawings.
To adapt the instrument for receiving simultaneously or otherwise messages from
different stations a number of receiving instruments, such as that I have described
and shewn, may obviously be arranged one above another in connection with the
one spindle a (suitably prolonged), so as to be operated by the one set of
clockwork.
Having described the nature of my said Invention, and the mode of carrying the
same into practical effect, I desire to have it understood that I do not claim
generally as of my Invention the arranging electric telegraph apparatus so as to
deliver printed messages. And save and except as herein-after mentioned I do not
intend to claim any of the mechanical or electrical parts of the apparatus herein-
before shewn and described when taken separately and apart from the combination
or application thereof in manner and for the purpose herein described, but what
I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as secured to me by the
horein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,
First. The use in combination with the keys and the circuit maker and breaker
of the contact disc or plate operated by the clockwork and furnished with pins
arranged around the axis, as described, so that one or more letters, figures, or marks
may be printed during a single revolution of the contact disc or plate, as above set
forth.
Secondly. The use in combination of the contact disc or plate c, the type disc or
plate d with its type, and the cylinder h, operated as described for the purpose
specified.
Thirdly. The method, substantially as described, of operating the cylinder h so
as to present the paper or material to be printed to the type in the proper position
for receiving each successive impression.
Fourthly. The use in combination with the keys, the contact disc or plate with
its pins, and the contact maker and breaker, of the tell-tale apparatus constructed,
arranged, and operating as described for the purpose specified.
Fifthly. The use in combination with the type disc d, the tappet v, operated as
described, and the cylinder h, of the type pins &¹ and their supporting springs s*,
•

page_text: as shewn in and explained with reference to Figs. 5, 6, and 7 of the accompanying
Drawings.
Sixthly. The combination of parts constituting the improved electric telegraph
apparatus constructed, arranged, and operating as shewn in and described with
.reference to Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Wyard Gooch, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Ninth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
JAMES WYARD GOOCH. (L.S.)