Improvements relating to Pneumatic Tyres for Velocipedes.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Aug., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 12th May, 1894-Accepted, 16th June, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to Pneumatic Tyres for Velocipedes.
I, LUCIEN DAVID, of 21 Boulevard Poissonnière, Paris, in the Republic of
France, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to pneumatic tyres for velocipedes and comprises means for
protecting the air chambers of such tyres.
The protector employed is composed of a band of linen, calico or other strong
and light fabric, the said band, which may be made of one or more thicknesses sewed
together, being of the length necessary for permitting the development of the wheel,
and of a width equal to that portion of the air chamber which is liable to be
punctured, that is to say, about four centimetres.
This band is not flat but curved or folded to form successive transverse,
longitudinal, oblique, angular or other suitable channels, the arrangement of which
will enable the fabric to follow the elasticity of the indiarubber.
The said
channels are cemented or sewed at intervals upon an elastic band of indiarubber or
upon any elastic fabric. Another elastic band covers the whole and is cemented or
sewed by its edges upon the first elastic band to form a sheath for covering the
channels constituted by the protecting band.
The channels are made so that they give to the material of which they consist a
development almost equal to the lengthening which the indiarubber undergoes by
reason of its elasticity when its extremities are pulled. It is evident that the elastic
sheath must be able to stretch out longitudinally with transverse channels,
transversely with longitudinal channels and in both directions with oblique or
angular channels.
The protector thus constituted is placed between the air chamber and its envelope
opposite that part of the tyre which comes in contact with the ground. When the
tyre, constituted by this air chamber, its envelope and the aforesaid protector,
undergoes in the rolling movement during its passage over any obstacles the flexions
which result from its suppleness, the protecting band will not at any point of the
periphery be stretched, but will adapt itself to the same lengthening, especially
with transverse channels, as the elastic band to which it is fixed and as the tyre
itself. As the channels flatten on being subjected to tension or pressure they give to
the protecting band the desired development, after which, the strain discontinuing,
they are brought back by the contraction of the elastic band to their original form.
This lengthening of the protecting hand may be obtained by various means, such
as hereinbefore set forth or by the following arrangements.
The protecting band enters cavities provided in the indiarubber band made of
suitable thickness and form, so that there will be in each cavity a channel which
gives to the protecting hand, in addition to the rectilineal development, in each
cavity an excess of length equal to twice the thickness of the indiarubber band.
I may also pass the protecting band alternately above and below the spaces
comprised between the cavities formed in the indiarubber band.
The protecting band may in some cases be held between two indiarubber bands
undulated interiorly according to the form of the channels formed by the protecting
band, being fixed by their edges as above set forth. These two indiarubber bands
may constitute the tread portion of the tyre undulated longitudinally, transversely
or obliquely upon the necessary width. In the first-mentioned arrangement I may
place elastic threads, cords or the like in the lower folds of the undulations of the
protecting band.

page_text: I may also combine the protector with the air chamber. In this case the
chamber has an undulated form either on its entire circumference or only on the
lower part.
The protecting band made of one or more thicknesses and of suitable fabric is
cemented upon the air chamber so as to follow the undulations or circular channels
formed either upon the entire circumference or only upon the lower part.
The undulations of the air chamber and of the protecting band, may be arranged
longitudinally and extend over the whole circumference of the air chamber or only
over its lower portion.
In these several cases the diameter is greater than or at least equal to the
maximum diameter of the tyre when it is most inflated so as to always bring
pressure to bear upon it by the successive points of contact of the undulations, and
inversely when the tyre is less inflated or gives way at any point in the rolling.
movement the diameter of the undulations diminishes, the latter flattening while
the spaces between the successive undulations approach each other.
Accordingly the application of bands in the form of channels, for the air chamber
as well as for the protector and for the tyre, enables the air chamber to be
protected without depriving it of its elasticity. Although the protecting band
is not itself extensible, its arrangement in the form of channels enables it to contract
or expand according to the pressure of the air and in conjunction with the flexions of
the tyre in the rolling movement.
The undulated form of the protecting band and of the air chamber leaves
moreover free spaces and gives rounded forms which provide for an easy sliding
movement of the points.
If the protecting envelope should prove inefficient and the air chamber be
punctured the band itself may be covered with a thin sheet of indiarubber cemented
on the top, and upon the sheet of indiarubber I may again cement pieces to stop up,
any holes, as in the case of the air chamber itself.
Dated this 12th day of August 1893.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to Pneumatic Tyres for Velocipedes.
I, LUCIEN DAVID, of 21 Boulevard Poissonnière, Paris, in the Republic of
France, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :—
My invention relates to pneumatic tyres for velocipedes and comprises means for
protecting the air chambers of such tyres.
The protector employed is composed of a band of linen, calico or other strong
and light fabric, the said band, which may be made of one or more thicknesses
sewed together, being of the length necessary for permitting the development
of the wheel, and of a width equal to that portion of the air chamber which is
liable to be punctured, that is to say about four centimetres.
In the accompanying drawing,
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section showing a portion of my improved protecting
band.
Figure 2 is a plan of the same.
Figures 24, 2, and 2° show modifications in the arrangement of the channels.
Figure 3 is a transverse section.
Figures 4 and 5 are transverse sections of a tyre with my protecting band applied
thereto.

page_text: Figures 6 and 7 show a modification of a protecting band.
Figures 8 and 9 show a further modification of the said band.
Figures 10 and 10 show an air tube with undulations arranged transversely
and
Figures 11, 114 and 11 show a similar tube with the undulations arranged
longitudinally.
The band a is not flat but curved or folded to form successive channels
(Figure 1) either arranged transversely, as in Figure 2, longitudinally as in
Figure 24, obliquely as in Figure 2B, or angularly as in Figure 20, or of any
arrangement which will enable the fabric to follow the elasticity of the india-rubber.
The said channels are cemented or sewed in the intervals a¹ upon an elastic band b
of india-rubber or upon any elastic fabric. Another elastic band 61 covers the
whole and is cemented or sewed by its edges e Figure 3 to the first elastic band b
so as to form a sheath for covering the channels constituted by the protecting
band a.
The channels a are made so that they give to the material of which they consist
a development almost equal to the lengthening which the indiarubber undergoes by
reason of its elasticity when its extremities are pulled. It is evident that the
elastic sheath must be able to stretch out longitudinally with transverse channels,
transversely with longitudinal channels and in both directions with oblique or
angular channels.
The protector thus constituted is placed between the air chamber A and its
envelope B Figure 4 opposite that part of the tyre which comes in contact with
the ground. When the tyre, constituted by this air chamber, its envelope and the
aforesaid protector, undergoes in the rolling movement during its passage over any
obstacles the flexions which result from its suppleness, the protecting band a will
not at any point of the periphery be stretched, but will adapt itself to the same
lengthening, especially with transverse channels, as the elastic band 6 to which it is
fixed and as the tyre itself. As the channels flatten on being subjected to tension
or pressure they give to the protecting band a the desired development, after which
the strain discontinuing, they are brought back by the contraction of the elastic band
to their original form.
Figure 5 shows the protector fixed to the cover B of the tyre; in this case the
band 6 is broader than the band a and receives upon its edges the bands c c by the
aid of which the protector is cemented upon the internal face of the cover B. The
elastic fabric employed in this case is such that its lengthening in the middle part
is not transmitted to its edges provided with the bands c. For this purpose
use is made of the elastic fabrics employed in the manufacture of stockings for
varicose veins.
This lengthening of the protecting band a may be obtained by various means,
such as set forth with reference to Figures 1, 2, 2ª, 28 and 2º, or by the following
arrangements.
The protecting band a (Figures 6 and 7) enters cavities d provided in the
indiarubber band 6 made of suitable thickness and form, so that there will be in
each cavity a channel which gives to the projecting band, in addition to the
rectilineal development, in each cavity, an excess of length equal to twice the
thickness of the indiarubber band.
I may also pass the protecting band a, Figure 8, alternately above and below the
spaces comprised between the cavities d formed in the indiarubber band.
The protecting band a may in some cases be held between two indiarubber bands e
and Figure 9 undulated interiorly according to the form of the channels formed
by the protecting band, being fixed by their edges c, as above set forth.
These two indiarubber bands e and may constitute the tread portion of the tyre
undulated longitudinally, transversely or obliquely upon the necessary width.
In the first-mentioned arrangement I may place elastic threads, cords or the like in
the lower folds of the undulations of the protecting band a.
I
may also combine the protector with the air chamber. In this case the chamber

page_text: has an undulated form either on its entire circumference or only on the lower part,
as indicated in Figures 10 and 10ª.
The protecting band made of one or more thicknesses and of suitable fabric is
cemented upon the air chamber so as to follow the undulations or circular channels
formed either upon the entire circumference or only upon the lower part.
The undulations of the air chamber and of the protecting band, may be arranged
longitudinally, as shown in Figures 11, 11 and 11B and extend over the whole
circumference of the air chamber or only over its lower portion.
In these several cases the diameter a b is greater than, or at least equal to the
maximum diameter of the tyre when it is most inflated so as to always bring
pressure to bear upon it by the successive points of contact of the undulations, and
inversely when the tyre is less inflated or gives way at any point in the rolling
movement, the diameter a b of the undulations diminishes, the latter flattening
while the spaces between the successive undulations approach each other.
Accordingly the application of bands in the form of channels, for the air chamber
as well as for the protector and for the tyre, enables the air chamber to be protected
without depriving it of its elasticity. Although the protecting band is not itself
extensible, its arrangement in the form of channels enables it to contract or expand
according to the pressure of the air and in conjunction with the flexions of the tyre
in the rolling movement.
The undulated form of the protecting band and of the air chamber leaves
moreover free spaces and gives rounded forms which provide for an easy sliding
movement of the points.
If the protecting cover should prove inefficient and the air chamber be punctured
the band itself may be covered with a thin sheet of indiarubber cemented on the
top, and upon this sheet of indiarubber I may again cement pieces to stop up any
holes, as in the case of the air chamber itself.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. For the protection of the air tubes of pneumatic tyres, a protector formed
of a band of linen or other fabric, undulated or channelled longitudinally,
transversely or obliquely, or in any other manner, for the purpose of enabling this
band to undergo at any point a lengthening corresponding to that of the elastic cover
in which it is enclosed and consequently forming between the rubber for the rolling
movement and the air tube a protecting and elastic medium adapting itself to
the flexions of the tyre even constituting its suppleness, substantially as set forth.
Second. The several arrangements of protectors herein before described and
represented in the drawing.
Third. The application of the device represented in Figure 8 for constituting
the sole for the rolling of the tyres, as set forth.
Fourth. The application of the bands arranged in transverse or longitudinal
channels, cemented upon the air tube assuming an undulated form upon the whole
periphery or upon only part of its circumference; this band protecting the air tube
without depriving it of its elasticity the said band being itself covered or not
with an exterior sheet of rubber, substantially as described with reference to
Figures 10, 10, 11, 11ª and 11³ of the drawing.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.