A NEW OR IMPROVED MIXING, KNEADING, AND BEATING MACHINE
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Walter Hayes Chambers, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Engineer, for the Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED
MIXING, KNEADING, AND BEATING MACHINE."
Sealed the 20th October 1877, and dated the 23rd April 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Walter Hayes Chambers at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd April 1877.
WALTER HAYES CHAMBERS, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Engineer. "A NEW OR IMPROVED MIXING, KNEADING, AND BEATING
MACHINE."
This Invention relates to a new or improved general construction or com-
bination of the parts of a machine for mixing and kneading flour and water or
other ingredients for the dough of plain or fancy breads and confectionery, and
which is also suitable for the beating or switching of eggs, and for similar
purposes.
And the nature and novelty of the Invention consist all as follows:-The machine
is all carried on two open cast-iron end frames or standards, secured together by
longitudinal beams or stays, with bush bearings near the middle and top of each,
carrying the end oscillating spindles of the mixing case, to the ends of which they
are secured, these ends consisting of strong iron plates or frames attached and covered
in by an outer case of sheet iron secured all round their edges, this case being of
sufficient size to contain the quantity of materials to be mixed and treated at one
time, with an opening at the top or near one side, for feeding the materials from a
hopper or other vessel or fittings above. The case is fitted to be swivelled or
turned on its two ond centres by a segmental screw wheel or rack at one end
actuated by a transverse spindle and screw, so as to turn the open mouth forwards
and down to empty the dough or mixture after being fully treated within the case
(as will herein-after be described) on to removing trays, vessels, or endless traversing
webs for subsequent treatment, all substantially as in other forms of dough-mixing
machines heretofore in use.
The essential improvements consist in fitting within the lower part of the vessel
or case two, three, or more longitudinal open frames either with or without central

page_text: radial-angled or curved cutting and mixing blades or vanes between the outer
longitudinal bars, which blades and bars are preferably made of an elliptical
shape, sharp towards the edges, so as to be strong, and yet cut and mix the
material.
Each of the mixing frames revolves on eccentric axes at their ends passed out
through bearings in the strong ends of the mixing case, so as to be actuated by
spur pinions on their outer ends, all gearing into and actuated by a pinion on a
hollow spindle working on either or both of the oscillating spindles of the case in
the main bearings of the end standards of the machine. This hollow spindle is
driven by a wheel or pinion mounted on it, and actuated by a corresponding pinion
or wheel respectively on a first-motion longitudinal shaft, revolving in bearings in
the top of the end standards beyond or quite clear of the one side of the oscillating
case, this first-motion shaft being driven either by a winch handle or by motive
power through fast and loose pullies on it by a band or belt from any adjacent
prime-moving shaft.
The eccentric revolving blade frames and their driving pinions are so geared and
mounted as to work into or through the working circle or path of each other, the
long arms or blades of the one incidentally passing the short blades of the other
at the same time, the lower outer part of the outer case being made of a shape to
nearly suit the path of the longer arms or blades, in order that the blades may
completely raise and mix the material lying at the lower part of the case.
The journals and bearings of the eccentric mixers, passing out through the lower
part of the case, are fitted with stuffing boxes, so as to prevent the escape of liquid
through them.
It is to be understood that small sizes of this machine will be peculiarly suitable
for the beating or switching of eggs, and mixing these with other liquids or
materials for baking and confectionery or other purposes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Walter Hayes Chambers in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 23rd
October 1877.
WALTER HAYES CHAMBERS, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Engineer. "A NEW OR IMPROVED MIXING, KNEADING, AND BEATING
MACHINE."
My said Invention relates to a new or improved general construction or com-
bination of the parts of a machine for mixing and kneading flour and water or
other ingredients for the dough of plain or fancy breads, biscuits, or confectionery,
and which is also suitable for the beating or switching of eggs, and for similar
purposes.
And in order that the nature, novelty, and mode of performing my said Invention
may be properly understood I shall now proceed to describe the several Figures on
the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, which I have hereunto appended for the
purpose of showing the best modes and means I am at present aware of for putting
the same into effect or practice, the same reference letters indicating the same parts
in the several Figures.
Figures 1 and 2 are respectively a longitudinal section and a plan with the lid or
cover removed, and Figures 3 and 4 are an end view and transverse section to show
the driving and tilting gearing and internal eccentric-acting mixing blades or
frames E, e, all complete, of one modification or construction of my new or improved
dough-mixing, kneading, and beating machine.
Referring to these Figures 1 to 4, the machine is all carried on two open cast-
iron end frames or standards A, secured together by longitudinal beams or screw
stays A' with the bush bearings A" near the middle and top of each, carrying the

page_text: end oscillating spindles b of the mixing case B, to the ends b¹ of which they are
secured; these ends b¹, consisting of strong iron plates or frames attached and
covered in by an outer case of sheet iron 6" secured all round their edges, this
case B being of sufficient size to contain the quantity of materials to be mixed and
treated at one time, with an opening at the top C and at the front side C¹ for
feeding the materials from a hopper or other vessel or fittings above. The case B
is fitted to be swivelled or turned on its two end centres 6 by a segmental screw
wheel or rack D at one end actuated by a screw D¹ on the transverse spindle D¹¹
by hand wheel or crank handle D2 behind, and carried in bearing brackets D³
secured to one end frame A, so as to turn the open mouth C¹ forwards and down
to empty the dough or mixture after being mixed and treated within the case B (as
will herein-after be described) on to removing trays, vessels, or endless traversing
webs for subsequent treatment, all otherwise substantially as in the other forms of
dough-mixing machines heretofore in use.
The essential improvements consist in fitting within the lower part of the vessel
or case B two or three longitudinal open frames E, e, either with or without central
radial-angled or curved cutting and mixing blades or vanes e¹ between the outer
longitudinal bars e, which blades and bars e¹, e, are preferably made of an elliptical
shape sharp towards the edges, so as to be strong and yet cut and mix the
material.
Each of the mixing frames E, e, revolves on eccentric axes E', E, at their ends passed
out through bearings or stuffing boxes E¹ in the strong ends 61 of the mixing case B,
so as to be actuated by spur pinions F, all of equal size at both ends of the machine
secured on the outer ends of the spindles E¹, all gearing into and actuated by cor-
responding pinions F¹ on each of the hollow spindles G working on the oscillating
spindles 6 of the case B in the main journal bearings A¹ of the end standards of
machine. These hollow spindles G are driven by large spur wheels H mounted on
their overhanging ends, and actuated by corresponding pinions H¹ on a first-motion
longitudinal shaft I revolving in bearings A' in the top of the end standards A
beyond or quite clear of the one side of the oscillating case B. This first-motion
shaft I when driven by motive power is actuated through the fast and loose pulleys
J, J¹, mounted on its one end, and a band or belt J from a pulley or drum on any
adjacent prime-moving shaft controlled by the shifting hand lever J2 with a holder J³;
but it might be driven by a fly wheel and crank handle, or other equivalent, instead
of or in addition to the band pulleys J, J¹, or so as to be driven by hand or motive
power.
The eccentric revolving blade frames E, e, and their driving pinions F are so geared
and mounted as to work into or through the working circle or path of each other, as
indicated particularly in Figure 4, the long arms or blades e of the one incidentally
passing the short blades ex of the other at the same time, the lower outer part 6* of
the outer case 6 being preferably made of a shape to nearly suit the path of the
longer arms or blades e, in order that the blades may completely raise and mix the
material lying at this lower part of the case.
The journals and bearings E¹, E", of the eccentric mixers E, e, passing out through
the lower ends b¹ of the case, are fitted with stuffing boxes at E, so as to prevent
the escape of liquid through them.
The top and front of the machine are fitted with lids at C and C' hinged or
otherwise fixed, and removable for the convenience of inserting the materials to
be mixed, and withdrawing the dough afterwards, and keeping out all dust while
mixing.
Although three eccentric-acting mixing frames E, e, have been described and
shown in the Drawings, this number being preferred, it is to be understood that
two might be so arranged to work at the bottom of the mixing vessel B, all other-
wise substantially as described.
Small sizes of this machine will be particularly suitable for the beating or
switching of eggs, and mixing these with other liquids or materials for baking and
confectionery, or other purposes,

page_text: Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I have to state that I do not confine myself to the precise details
herein described or delineated, but what I consider novel and original, and there-
fore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent is,―
First. The general construction or arrangement of the parts of a machine for
nixing, kneading, and beating the dough or other material for the making of
bread, biscuits, or confectionery, all substantially as herein described in reference
to and shown in the accompanying Drawings, or any mere modification thereof.
Second. The construction and use of two or three eccentric acting frames or blades
E, e, in machines for the mixing, kneading, and beating of the dough or materials
for the making of bread, biscuits, or confectionery, substantially as herein described
in reference to and shown in the accompanying Drawings, or any mere modification
thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said Walter Hayes Chambers, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
Witness,
JOHN BROWN,
Patent Agent,
06, Buchanan Street,
Glasgow.
WALTER HAYES CHAMBERS. (LS.)