Improvements in Tubulous Boilers.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd July, 1895
Complete Specification Left, 30th Nov., 1895-Accepted, 28th Mar., 1896
Improvements in Tubulous Boilers.
We, PETER BENTZEN, of Newport in the County of Newport, and CHRISTIAN
FREDERIK OLSEN, of Bristol in the County of Bristol, both in the State of
Rhode Island, U.S.A., Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates more particularly to that class of generators known as
tubulous boilers, and in which a steam receptacle and separator and a water vessel
are connected by tubes in which the steam is generated; the objects of our
invention being :
:-
First, to so construct the said generator and its parts that it shall be extremely
simple and inexpensive.
Second, to provide an enlarged furnace or grate area by special arrangement of
parts.
Third, to render it possible to readily detach a generator tube.
Fourth, to render it possible to readily detach from the steam separator or
receptacle and water vessel a complete section of tubes without molesting the
remaining tubes.
Fifth, to so arrange all parts that ready access may be had to the same for
purposes of repair, etc., and
Sixth, to connect the generator tubes to manifolds, which communicate each
with the water vessel, to provide a far larger escape area for the steam than the
area of the inlet of the water.
With these objects in view, reference is had to the annexed drawings, and to the
Specification, in which :-
Fig. 1 is a vertical front section of the improved generator, taken on the line 1-1
of Fig. 2, and illustrating the arrangement of a section of generator tubes, and the
relation of parts.
Fig. 2 is a side elevation of Fig. 1, with the outer casing removed, and a number
of sections of the generator tubes of Fig. 1, displaced.
Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a corrugated separator plate to be placed within
the steam separator.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged elevation view of a manifold, showing the manner of tube
connections, as set forth in Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a top view of a position of the water vessel showing the relative portion
of the outlet with which the manifolds are connected.
Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of a union joint.
Fig. 7 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of the water vessel taken on the
line 2-2 of Fig. 2.
Fig. 8 is an enlarged view of a portion of the steam pipe detached.
Similar letters refer to similar parts throughout the Specification and drawings,
in which A represents a steam receptacle and separator, and B a water vessel
and mud drum.
This water vessel is preferably made cylindrical in form internally, but with a
flattened longitudinal top 6 as in Fig. 7. Rising from the flat top bare threaded
tubular projections C, which are arranged in alternate rows with relation to each
other along the said top b, and provided with openings communicating with the
interior of the water vessel B.

page_text: This water vessel B is preferably made of malleable iron or steel, and when the
generators are made in large sizes the water vessel may be made of several parts,
securely fastened or screwed together. A door or head D is placed at each end
and securely seals the openings of the said water vessel.
The separator is preferably formed of steel and is provided with a removable
head E, which permits access to the interior of the said separator or steam
receptacle; and at a certain position of, and preferably directly underneath, the
separator, one or two pipes F connect the said separator A with the water
vessel B. The pipe F is preferably placed near one end of the said separator or
receptacle, as shown in Fig. 2.
To each projection C is secured a manifold G (sec Fig. 4) which is connected at
its lower end g by means of a short tube N and a union joint H, which latter is
shown in enlarged form in Fig. 6. The manifolds G by means of being connected
to said projections are thus arranged in alternate rows and, at alternate heights, as
shown at Figs. 1 and 2. These manifolds are preferably provided with five tubular
projections I, which are adapted to receive the expanded lower ends of the
generator tubes J, which in Fig. 4 are shown partly broken. If it is desired, of
course the said manifolds may be formed to receive a greater number of generator
tubes than the number here shown. Opposite the end of each generator tube J as
described, is formed a hole opening into the interior aperture of the manifold G
and adapted to receive a plug K to close the said opening. These openings and
plugs correspond in number to the number of generator tubes Jentering a
manifold, and with the latter comprise what will hereinafter be termed a section.
The object of the said construction is that by removing any one of the plugs K
the end of the corresponding generator tube J is thereby exposed, and readily
gotten at, for the purpose of expanding it within the projection I, or to assist in
removing the said tube.
Into the lower end g of each manifold is preferably screwed or expanded a
tube N, which tube connects the manifold, by means of a flange n and a union
nut H, with the water vessel B, by the said nut screwing on to the outwardly
threaded projections C. By means of this construction it will be readily seen that,
if the union joint is disconnected a complete set or section of tubes are thus
released at their lower ends, and can then be readily detached from the separator A,
at their upper ends, for purposes of repair, etc.; the said tubes, in connecting with
the upper part of the said separator, pass from the said manifold in series of five
almost horizontally above and across the fire grates, and, by means of a bend at O
of preferably a large radius, pass about vertically until bent again similarly at P,
thence almost horizontally over the starting place until gradually curved down-
wardly at Q, to be connected by means of expansion within and with the
separator A, at q.
The advantage over other forms of generators of connecting the generator tubes
to vertical manifolds which are arranged in rows longitudinal with the water
vessel B, and the separator, centrally and between the said separator and water
vessel, is that the lower portions of the said tubes at their places of connection with
the said manifolds, are raised a considerable distance above the fire grates, thereby
utilizing and economizing space and greatly adding to the furnace area. One of
the essential features of this construction is that it provides a greater escape area
for the steam in proportion to the inlet area for water than other forms of steam
generators; the steam will in consequence thereof find a more even and easy
cscape.
Besides this advantage the manner in which the tubes are connected and the
easy bends and shapes which they are thus enabled to assume reduces their cost
both in manufacture and repair. It is also seen that a large heating surface is
thereby presented to the furnace flames and gases, and a quicker generation of
steam is the consequent result. The aforesaid manifolds are made of steel or other
suitable material able to withstand the subjected heat and pressure
In larger generators of course the number of tubes and of sections of tubes may

page_text: be increased, proportional to the working pressure and volume of steam required
for service.
Within the radius formed by the bend of the innermost of the tubes J, between
the said tubes and the separator or receptacle A, along each side of the latter is
formed a hollow space R, R, and within these spaces are arranged parallel feed
water heater pipes R', R', which run the length of the separator or steam
receptacle and are connected together at their ends as shown at r. The said pipes
on one side of the said separator or receptacle connect as at S. The many parallel
lengths of the feed heater pipes and its many folds furnish great surface area for
the action of the heat for heating the injected water, which ordinarily passes
through the said pipes before it reaches the separator A, and finally, the water
vessel B. This arrangement can of course be varied, but the arrangement as set
forth is considered the most satisfactory. T represents a feed valve located, as
stated, at one side of the separator or steam receptacle A and intended to connect
with a donkey pump as a matter of safety for water supply.
Within the separator or steam receptacle A is placed a separator plate U
provided with lateral corrugations u. This plate U extends about the entire
length of the separator A, and is arched into a semi-circular form as shown
in Fig. 1. (See also dotted lines, Fig. 2, and detached perspective view, Fig. 3.)
The office of the plate U is that when the moisture ladened steam issues from the
generator tubes J, against the said plate, the said moisture and condensed water
will be separated from the dry steam as it comes into contact with the surface of
the said plate, as the moisture will thereby adhere to it while the steam passes on
around over its ends and up under its sides toward the steam feed pipe V.
The corrugations u are formed in the plate U so that a greater surface will be
presented to the issuing steam, and the water will more readily drain off from its
surface, running thence back into the water vessel B, through the pipe F.
The steam pipe V as shown in Fig. 2, may be provided with an ordinary
regulator valve and is secured to and enters the separator A and then passes
parallel with and under the separator plate U, and is provided with an opening or
slot for its entire length, under said plate, along its upper portion, the parallel
edges thus formed being preferably turned backward, as shown in Fig. 1, and
in Fig. 8, enlarged view.
The outer sides of the fire boxes are walled with or formed of suitable fire
bricks, or other non-conducting material.
The necessary draught or other self closing doors are provided as shown
at X, X, and Y, Y for the fire box and for the ash receptacle. A jacket Z
is placed over the whole, and the fuunel Z' is continued therefrom.
A lining of fire brick Z' is also placed along each side of the water vessel B to
protect the same.
It is obvious that this form of steam generator containing no waste spaces, can
be made relatively smaller in size than generators heretofore constructed, at the
same time providing a larger heating surface and fire box area in proportion to
such full size than others have provided. As previously set forth its parts can be
readily gotten at for replacement and repair, and on account of their simplicity
are cheap in construction, while the steam escape area is large and free.
In cases where a generator of this construction is used in steam ships in which
the coal bunkers are placed at the sides of said generator, the walls of the said
coal bunkers located adjacent to the said generator can be made in parts so that
they can be easily removed, to make room for the removal of any number of tubes,
or sections thereof with their respective manifolds.
The modus operandi of our invention needs no further description; as we have
set forth the essential construction on which we desire Letters Patent.
Dated this 2nd day of July 1895.
F. W. BARKER,
Applicants' Agent.

page_text: Improvements in Tubulous Boilers.
We, PETER BENTZEN, of Newport in the County of Newport, and CHRISTIAN
FREDERIK OLSEN, of Bristol in the County of Bristol, both in the State of
Rhode Island, U.S.A., Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention relates more particularly to that class of generators known as
tubulous boilers, and in which a steam receptacle and separator and a water vessel
are connected by tubes in which the steam is generated; the objects of our
invention being :-
First, to so construct the said generator and its parts that it shall be extremely
simple and inexpensive.
Second, to provide an enlarged furnace or grate area by special arrangement of
parts.
Third, to render it possible to readily detach a generator tube.
Fourth, to render it possible to readily detach from the steam separator or
receptacle and water vessel a complete section of tubes without molesting the
remaining tubes.
Fifth, to so arrange all parts that ready access may be had to the same for
purposes of repair, etc., and,
Sixth, to connect the generator tubes to manifolds, which communicate each
with the water vessel, to provide a far larger escape area for the steam than the
area of the inlet of the water.
With these objects in view, reference is had to the drawings, left with the
Provisional Specification and to the Specification, in which :-
Fig. 1 is a vertical front section of the improved generator, taken on the line 1-1
of Fig. 2, and illustrating the arrangement of a section of generator tubes, and the
relation of parts.
Fig. 2 is a side elevation of Fig. 1 with the outer casing removed, and a number
of sections of the generator tubes of Fig. 1 displaced.
Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a corrugated separator plate to be placed within
the steam separator.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged elevation view of a manifold, showing the manner of tube
connections, as set forth in Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a top view of a position of the water vessel showing the relative portion
of the outlet with which the manifolds are connected.
Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of a union joint.
Fig. 7 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of the water vessel taken on the
line 2-2 of Fig. 2.
Fig. 8 is an enlarged view of a portion of the steam pipe detached.
Similar letters refer to similar parts throughout the Specification and drawings,
in which A represents a steam receptacle and separator, and B a water vessel and
mud drum.
This water vessel is preferably made cylindrical in form internally, but with a
flattened longitudinal top & as shown in Fig. 7. Rising from the Hat top bare
threaded tubular projections C, which are arranged in alternate rows with relation
to each other along the said top b, and provided with openings communicating with
the interior of the water vessel B.
This water vessel B is preferably made of malleable iron or steel, and when the
generators are made in large sizes the water vessel may be made of several parts,
securely fastened or screwed together. A door or head D is placed at each end
and securely seals the openings of the said water vessel.

page_text: The separator is preferably formed of steel and is provided with a removable
head E, which permits access to the interior of the said separator or steam
receptacle; and at a certain position of, and preferably directly underneath, the
separator, one or two pipes F connect the said separator A with the water vessel B.
The pipe F is preferably placed near one end of the said separator or receptacle, as
shown in Fig. 2.
To each projection C is secured a manifold G (see Fig. 4) which is connected at
its lower eud by means of a short tube N and a union joint H, which latter
is shown in enlarged form in Fig. 6. The manifolds G by means of being con-
nected to said projections are thus arranged in alternate rows and, at alternate
heights, as shown at Figs. 1 and 2. These manifolds are preferably provided with
five tubular projections I, which are adapted to receive the expanded lower ends of
the generator tubes J, which in Fig. 4 are shown partly broken. If it is desired,
of course the said manifolds may be formed to receive a greater number of generator
tubes than the number here shown. Opposite the end of each generator tube J as
described, is formed a hole opening into the interior aperture of the manifold G
and adapted to receive a plug K to close the said opening. These openings and
plugs K correspond in number to the number of generator tubes J entering a
manifold, and with the latter comprise what will hereinafter be termed a section.
The object of the said construction is that by removing any one of the plugs K
the end of the corresponding generator tube J is thereby exposed, and readily
gotten at, for the purpose of expanding it within the projection I, or to assist in
removing the said tube.
Into the lower end g of each manifold is preferably screwed or expanded a
tube N, which tube connects the manifold, by means of a flange n, and a union
nut H, with the water vessel B, by the said nut screwing on to the outwardly
threaded projections C. By means of this construction it will be readily seen that,
if the union joint is disconnected a complete set or section of tubes are thus
released at their lower ends, and can then be readily detached from the separator A,
at their upper ends, for purposes of repair, &c.; the said tubes, in connecting with
the upper part of the said separator, pass from the said mauifold in series of five
almost horizontally above and across the fire grates, and, by means of a bend at (
of preferably a large radius, pass about vertically until bent again similarly at P,
thence almost horizontally over the starting place until gradually curved
downwardly at Q, to be connected by means of expansion within and with the
separator A, at q.
The advantage over other forms of generators of connecting the generator tubes
to vertical manifolds which are arranged in rows longitudinal with the water
vessel B, and the separator, centrally and between the said separator and water
vessel, is that the lower portions of the said tubes at their places of connection with
the said manifolds, are raised a considerable distance above the fire grates, thereby
Que of
utilizing and economizing space and greatly adding to the furnace area.
the essential features of this construction is that it provides a greater escape area
for the steam in proportion to the inlet area for water than other forms of steam
generators; the steam will in consequence thereof find a more even and easy escape.
Besides this advantage the manner in which the tubes are connected and the easy
bends and shapes which they are thus enabled to assume reduces their cost both in
manufacture and repair. It is also seen that a large heating surface is thereby
presented to the furnace flames and gases, and a quicker generation of steam is the
consequent result. The aforesaid manifolds are made of steel or other suitable
material able to withstand the subjected heat and pressure.
In larger generators of course the number of tubes and of sections of tubes may
be increased, proportional to the working pressure and volume of steam required
for service.
Within the radius formed by the bend of the innermost of the tubes J, between
the said tubes and the separator or receptacle A, along each side of the latter is
formed a hollow space R, R, and within these spaces are arranged parallel feed

page_text: water heater pipes R¹, R', which run the length of the separator or steam
receptacle and are connected together at their ends as shown at r. The said pipes
on each side of the said separator or receptacle connect as at 1, by means of a
cross pipe. The said pipes are preferably arranged in layers, as shown, and oue
end thereof is connected with the separator A, as at ; the other end thereof, as
at the valve S passes outside of the boiler casing and is adapted to connect with
an injector or water supply pipe. The forward end of the feed heater pipes R' as
at the valve S, is intended to extend outside of the generator casing and connect
with a feed pump or injector, which are not shown. The many parallel lengths of
the feed heater pipes and its many folds furnish great surface area for the action
of the heat for heating the injected water, which ordinarily passes through the said
pipes before it reaches the separator A, and finally, the water vessel B. This
arrangement can of course be varied but the arrangement as set forth is con-
sidered the most satisfactory. T represents a feed valve located at one side of the
separator or steam receptacle A and intended to connect with a donkey pump as a
matter of safety for water supply.
Within the separator or steam receptacle A is placed a separator plate U
provided with lateral corrugations . This plate U extends about the entire
length of the separator A, and is arched into a semi-circular form as shown
in Fig. 1. (See also dotted lines, Fig. 2, and detached perspective view, Fig. 3.)
The office of the plate U is that when the moisture ladened steam issues from the
generator tubes J, against the said plate, the said moisture and condensed water
will be separated from the dry steam as it comes into contact with the surface of
the said plate, as the moisture will thereby adhere to it while the steam passes on
around over its ends and up under its sides toward the steam foed pipe V. The
corrugations u are formed in the plate U so that a greater surface will be presented
to the issuing steam, and the water will more readily drain off from its surface,
running thence back into the water vessel B, through the pipe F.
The steam pipe V as shown in Fig. 2, may be provided with an ordinary
regulator valve and is secured to and enters the separator A and then passes
parallel with and under the separator plate U, and is provided with an opening or
slot for its entire length, under said plate, along its upper portion, the parallel
edges thus formed being preferably turned backward, as shown in Fig. 1, and in
Fig. 8, enlarged view.
The necessary draught or other self closing doors are provided as shown at X, X,
and Y, Y, for the fire box and for the ash receptacle. A jacket Z is placed over
the whole, and the funnel Z' is continued therefrom.
A lining of fire brick Z' is also placed along each side of the water vessel B to
protect the same.
It is obvious that this form of steam generator containing no waste spaces, can
be made relatively smaller in size than generators heretofore constructed, at the
same time providing a larger heating surface and fire box area in proportion to
such full size than others have provided. As previously set forth its parts can
readily be gotten at for replacement and repair, and on account of their simplicity
are cheap in construction, while the steam escape area is large and free.
In cases where a generator of this construction is used in steam ships in which
the coal bunkers are placed at the sides of said generator, the walls of the said
coal bunkers located adjacent to the said generator can be made in parts so that
they can be easily removed, to make room for the removal of any number of tubes,
or sections thereof with their respective manifolds.
The modus operandi of our invention needs no further description; as we have
set forth the essential construction on which we desire Letters Patent.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :
1. A steam generator having a water vessel, a steam receptacle, and continuous

page_text: bent generator tubes connected with said steam receptacle, said tubes being
detachable from and indirectly connected with said water vessel, substantially as
set forth.
2. A steam generator having water vessel, a steam receptacle, and continuous
hent generator tubes connected with said steam receptacle, a series of upright
manifolds connected only with said water vessel and with said generator tubes,
and a connection formed between said tubes and said manifolds, thereby connecting
the said steam receptacle, by means of said tubes and said manifolds with the said
water vessel, substantially as set forth.
3. A steam generator having a water vessel and a steam receptacle, a plurality
of bent generator tubes connected at one end in series with said steam receptacle,
and connected at their other ends in series with a manifold, and a connection
formed between said manifold and said water vessel, said manifold having direct
connection only with said generator tubes and with said water vessel, substantially
as set forth.
4. A steam generator having a water vessel and a steam receptacle, generator
tubes connected with said receptacle, rows of manifolds connected with and
supported by said water vessel, and a connection formed between the said generator
tubes and the said water vessel by means of said manifolds, said manifolds directly
connected only with said generator tubes and said water vessel, substantially as
set forth.
5. A steam generator having a water vessel and a steam receptacle, generator
tubes connected with said receptacle, rows of manifolds connected detachably with
said water vessel, and a connection formed between said tubes and said water
vessel, said manifolds connecting directly only with said generator tubes and said
water vessel, substantially as set forth.
6. A steam generator having a water vessel and a steam receptacle, bent
generator tubes secured in series to said receptacle, and manifolds connected with
and projecting upwardly from the upper part of said water vessel, said manifolds
having direct connections each only with a series of said generator tubes and with
said water vessel, substantially as set forth.
7. A steam generator having a water vessel and a steam receptacle, generator
tubes secured to said receptacle, manifolds connected with said water vessel and
arranged in alternate rows upon same, and connections for and between said tubes
and said manifolds, substantially as set forth.
8. A. steam generator having a water vessel and a steam receptacle, generator
tubes connected with said receptacle, manifolds connected with said water vessel,
and a union nut joint for effecting such connection, the said tubes being connected
with said manifolds, substantially as set forth.
9. In a steam generator having manifolds, tubes secured thereto, and a longitudinal
aperture extending through said manifolds, lateral openings formed opposite the
place of connection with said tubes, and screw plugs to fit detachably therein to
close the said openings, substantially as set forth.
10. In a steam generator, having manifolds, and tubes secured thereto, a
longitudinal aperture extending through said manifolds, one end of said manifolds
connecting with a water vessel, and the opposite end of said manifold having an
orifice and a screw plug detachably connected to close said orifice, substantially as
set forth.
11. In a steam generator having manifolds, and tubes connected laterally there-
with, a short tube connecting each of said manifolds directly with a water vessel
placed adjacent to said generator tubes, the said water vessel supporting said
manifolds, the said manifolds directly connecting only with said water vessel and
said generator tubes, substantially as set forth.
12. A steam generator having an elongated water vessel and steam receptacle,
generator tubes conuected with said receptacle, manifolds connected with and
located along the upper portion of said water vessel the said generator tubes

page_text: connected laterally with the said manifolds, the said manifolds being detachably
connected with said water vessel, substantially as set forth.
13. A steam generator having an elongated water vessel and steam receptacle,
the latter located above the former, generator tubes connected with the steam
receptacle and passing in a partially curved form to and connected with the said
water vessel, parallel water heater pipes connected with bended ends and located
adjacent to the said steam receptacle and within arches or concavities formed by
the said generator tubes, the said pipes connecting with a feed valve and with the
said steam receptacle, and adapted to connect with an injector, substantially as set
forth.
14. A steam generator having an elongated water vessel and steam receptacle,
the latter located above the former, generator tubes connected with the steam
receptacle and passing in a partially curved form to and connected with the said
water vessel, parallel water heater pipes connected with bended ends and located
adjacent to the said steam receptacle, on opposite sides thereof, and with arches or
concavities formed by the said generator tubes, the said heater pipes connecting
with a feed valve and with the said steam receptacle, and adapted to connect with
an injector, substantially as set forth.
15. In a steam generator, a water vessel and a steam receptacle, generator tubes
connected at one end with said receptacle and at their other ends with manifolds
supported by and connected with said water vessel and one or more return pipes
connecting the said receptacle with the said water vessel, substantially as set forth.
16. In a steam generator having a steam receptacle and a water vessel and
generator tubes connecting the said parts with each other, a steam and water
separator made in the form of a plate placed and extending longitudinally with
said receptacle, and conforming laterally to the upper semicircular curve of the
said receptacle, the said plate being corrugated laterally, and located adjacent to
the ends of the said generator tubes, substantially as set forth.
17. In a steam generator having a steam receptacle and a water vessel and
generator tubes connected with said steam receptacle and by means of manifolds
connecting with said water vessel, means located within said steam receptacle for
separating the moisture from the steam entering same, substantially as set forth.
18. In a steam generator having a steam receptacle and a water vessel connected
therewith by means of tubes, and having a water and steam separator, a steam
pipe entering said receptacle and passing longitudinally within said receptacle,
horizontally under said separator, the said steam pipe being slotted along its upper
surface for a portion of its length, substantially as set forth.
19. In a steam generator having a steam receptacle and having a water vessel
arranged in a horizontal line, manifolds extending in a row along the upper surface
of said water vessel, continuous bent generator tubes connected with and running
from said manifolds to and connecting with said steam receptacle, the combination
of a fire box formed and extending longitudinally each side of said water vessel
and manifolds, substantially as set forth.
20. A steam receptacle having an elongated water vessel and steam receptacle,
the latter located above the former, generator tubes connected with the steam
receptacle and passing to, and connected with the said water vessel, parallel water
heater pipes connected with bended ends and located adjacent to the said steam
receptacle, and beneath the same, the said heater pipes connected with a feed
valve and with the said steam receptacle, and adapted to connect with an injector,
substantially as set forth.
21. The improvements in tubulous boilers, substantially as and for the purposes
hereinbefore described, set forth, and illustrated in the drawings.
Dated this 30th don of November 1895
F. W. BARKER,
Applicants' Agent.