Improvements in Pneumatic Tyred Wheels for Carriages and Vehicles.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application (in United Kingdom), 5th Dec., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 7th Sept., 1896-Accepted, 14th Nov., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pneumatic Tyred Wheels for Carriages and
Vehicles.
1
I PROSPER MARIE CLAUDE NIVET of 21 Boulevard Poissonniere Paris in the
Republic of France do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The pneumatic tyre arrangement for the wheels of carriages or vehicles according
to this invention is substantially carried out in the following manner viz. :—
It consists of a felloe of metal or other suitable material, arranged non-sym-
metrically being raised, or turned up, at one of its edges, so as to present a
projection or stop of any suitable shape, throughout the periphery of the wheel.
The remaining portion of the felloe is flat and unprovided with any projection at
the other edge. The metal felloe is secured in any suitable manner to the ordinary
felloe of the wheel.
The tyre proper consists of an ordinary air chamber and of a casing or sheath
constituted by an endless piece of canvas covered with india rubber solution. The
canvas consists of a double row or tier of threads connected by some adhesive and
elastic substance, such as india rubber. The threads of each layer, tier, or row,
are parallel to, and in juxtaposition with, each other, and form a certain angle in
relation to the threads of the other layer, or row. This angle is 90° when the
threads of each of the layers are inclined at 45°, but may be of any degree. The
two layers, tiers, or rows, are simply placed side by side and fixed together with
adhesive substance, or cement, as before mentioned without the threads of one
layer intersecting, or being interlaced with, the threads of the other layer.
At each end of the canvas band or strip there is secured a metal ring or hoop.
These rings are equal or practically equal in length.
In fitting the pneumatic tyre on to the felloe, after having inserted the air tube
or chamber into the casing, one of the hoops or rings is first inserted in an
inclined position, and undergoing a certain deformation for the purpose, over the
Then the
other ring or hoop, whereby a closed tubular casing is formed.
pneumatic tyre is placed upon the felloe which operation may be readily performed
owing to the fact that one of the sides of the felloe is unprovided with any
flange, and the air chamber is then inflated. The inflation has the effect of firmly
pressing the casing against the felloe, the said casing decreasing in length owing
to the oblique disposition of its threads. Thus the casing is firmly pressed against
the plane portion of the felloe. The pneumatic tyre is thus firmly retained upon
the felloe, so long as the air chamber is inflated.
Under the influence of the air pressure, the rings or hoops are drawn towards
each other; but the felloe over which they are passed in slightly frictional contact

page_text: with each other, renders them incapable of any deformation, so that they cannot
again be passed over each other, whereby an effectual closing of the outer casing
is ensured.
In order to take the pneumatic tyre arrangement to pieces, it is only necessary
to deflate the air chamber and withdraw, or remove, the casing on the flat side
of the felloe; when the rings may be removed from the said felloe, and the casing
opened by a process similar but reverse to that employed in closing it.
This pneumatic tyre is particularly suitable for the wheels of carriages the
flanges of the wheels of each pair since may be arranged symmetrically in relation
to the axis of the carriage.
Dated this 5th day of December 1895.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.
Improvements in Pneumatic Tyred Wheels for Carriages and
Vehicles.
I, PROSPER MARIE CLAUDE NIVET of 21 Boulevard Poissonniere Paris in the
Republic of France do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
The pneumatic tyre arrangement for the wheels of carriages or vehicles according
to this invention, is substantially carried out in the following manner, reference being
had to the accompanying drawings.
It consists of a felloe A of metal or other suitable material, arranged non-sym-
metrically (as shewn in the transverse section Figure 1) and raised, or turned up,
at one of its edges, so as to present a projection or stop a of any suitable shape,
throughout the periphery of the wheel. The remaining portion of the felloe is flat
and unprovided with any projection at the other edge a. The felloe A is secured in
any suitable manner to the ordinary wooden felloe B of the wheel.
The tyre proper consists of an ordinary air chamber C and of a casing or sheath E,
constituted by an endless piece of canvas covered with india-rubber solution, as
illustrated in Figure 2, wherein part of the upper layer or tier of threads is supposed
to be detached and raised to enable the lower tier of threads to be seen.
The canvas
consists of a double row, or tiers, of threads connected by some adhesive and elastic
substance, such as india-rubber. The threads of each layer, tier, or row, are parallel
to, and in juxtaposition with, each other, and form a certain angle in relation to the
threads of the other layer, tier, or row. This angle is 90° when the threads of each
of the layers are inclined at 45° to the length of the fabric; but may be of any degree.
The two layers, tiers, or rows, are simply placed side by side and fixed together, as
before mentioned, without the threads of one layer intersecting, or being interlaced
with, the threads of the other layer.
At each edge of the canvas band, or strip, there is secured a metal ring or
hoop D D. These rings are equal or practically equal in length.
In fitting the pneumatic tyre on to the folloe, after having inserted the air tube, or
chamber, into the casing, one of the hoops or rings D is first inserted in an inclined
position (undergoing a certain deformation for the purpose) over the other ring or
hoop D', whereby a closed tubular casing is formed. Then the pneumatic tyre is
placed upon the felloe in the position illustrated in Figure 1, which operation may be
readily performed owing to the fact that one of the sides of the felloe is unprovided
with any flange; and the air chamber is then inflated. The inflation has the effect of
firmly pressing the casing against the felloe, the said casing decreasing in length

page_text: owing to the oblique disposition of its threads. Thus the casing is firmly pressed
against the plane portion of the felloe a. The pneumatic tyre is therefore firmly
retained upon the felloe, so long as the air chamber is inflated.
Under the influence of the air pressure, the rings or hoops D D' are drawn toward
each other; but the felloe over which they are passed in slightly frictional contact
with each other, renders them incapable of any deformation, so that they cannot again
be passed over each other, whereby an effectual closing of the outer casing is.
ensured.
In order to take the pneumatic tyre arrangement to pieces, it is only necessary to
deflate the air chamber, and withdraw, or remove, the casing from the flat side of the
felloe; when the rings D D¹ may be removed from the said felloe, and the casing be
opened by a process similar, but reverse, to that employed in closing it.
This pneumatic tyre is particularly suitable for the wheels of carriages, since the
flanges a of the wheels of each pair may be arranged symmetrically in relation to the
axis of the carriage.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
A pneumatic tyre arrangement for the wheels of carriages and vehicles the said
arrangement consisting of the combination of a felloe provided on one side with a
flange, stop, or projection, and of a casing or sheath of canvas formed of layers, rows,
or tiers of obliquely directed threads, in juxtaposition, and cemented together; the
direction of the threads of each of the said layers, tiers, or rows, forming an angle
in relation to each other; and the said canvas being provided at the edges with metal
rings, or hoops, equal, or practically equal, in length; all being arranged substantially
as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 7th day of September 1906.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.