Improvements in Filters.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 24th June, 1892
Complete Specification Left, 24th Mar., 1893-Accepted, 29th Apr., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Filters.
I, BONIFACIO MEDINA SANTURIO, of Buenos Ayres, in the Argentine
Republic, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to what are known as "earthenware" filters, and consists
principally in an improved construction of permeable vessel for filtering the liquid,
and in the means whereby such vessel is automatically cleansed.
In carrying out my invention, I employ an earthenware or other permeable
vessel consisting of a cylinder furnished on the exterior with hollow longitudinal
webs; six being a convenient number. The lower ends of the webs are open;
the upper ends being closed. The vessel is made in one piece; that is, the
cylinder and the webs are formed integrally with one another. In cross section,
the vessel resembles a rose. The base (preferably made of metal) upon which the
vessel is mounted contains an annular passage in communication with the outlet for
the filtered water. This passage also communicates by means of a vertical duct
with the interior of each hollow web. The base also supports the cover, usually
made of glass and having ribs conforming in shape with those on the permeable
vessel. That part of the base supporting the cover is connected with that part
containing the annular passage and the ducts by means of webs, in one of which the
outlet passage is formed. The base is screwed to a hollow support furnished with
an inlet passage and a cleansing outlet. A central tube is screwed into the
cleansing outlet passage; an annular space being left round the tube communicating
This tube
with the inlet passage and with the bore of the permeable vessel.
extends through the bore of the permeable vessel to and beyond the top of the
cover. The permeable vessel is held in place by a metal cap, the lower surface of
which corresponds in shape with the upper end of the permeable vessel,. against
which it bears. The upper part of the cap is connected to the lower part by webs,
between which communication is effected with the bore of the vessel. The cap is
secured by
a nut screwed on the tube. A washer of leather or other suitable
substance is placed between the cap and the upper end of the vessel, and between
the vessel and the base; these washers corresponding in shape with the parts they
are placed between. Slits are cut in the upper end of the tube; a grating being
slipped over the tube to enclose the slits. A hollow nut is screwed on the end of
the tube above the cover; a metal washer and a washer of leather or similar
substance being placed between the hollow nut and the cover.
A washer of leather
or similar substance is also inserted between the cover and the base. The sand or
other cleansing material lies between the cover and the permeable vessel and
within the bore of that vessel round the central tube; the sand or other material
extending down into the aunular space near the inlet.
The action is as follows:-In the normal working of the filter, the cleansing
outlet is closed. At starting it is, however, partially opened until the air in the
apparatus is expelled. The liquid entering at the inlet is forced into the bore of
the vessel and into the cover, sand being carried out of the annular space
surrounding the central tube and up the bore of the permeable vessel, passing
between the webs of the cap and eventually falling, under the influence of gravity,
into the space between the hollow webs of the permeable vessel and the cover,
whence it descends between the webs of the base into the annular cavity near the
inlet. Thus the sand or other cleansing material flows in a continual stream up the
bore of the permeable vessel and down the outside thereof; all parts of the filtering
surface being subjected to its cleansing action. The impurities removed by the

page_text: sand escape through the grating and the slits in the central tube and pass away with
the wash-out water.. The grating, however, prevents the escape of the sand. The
filtered water percolates through the walls of the permeable vessel into the spaces
in the hollow webs, whence it flows by way of the ducts and the annular passage in
the base to the outlet for the filtered water.
The water, instead of being forced through the apparatus as described, may be
sucked through by means of an exhaust pump. In cleansing the filter under these
conditions, water is drawn through the cleansing outlet by suction.
Dated the 23rd day of June 1892.
G. G. M. HARDINGHAM,
Per J. W. S.,
191, Fleet Street, London, E.C., Chartered Patent Age
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Filters.
I, BONIFACIO MEDINA SANTURIO, of Buenos Ayres, in the Argentine
Republic, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in.
and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to what are known as "earthenware " filters, and consists
principally in an improved construction of permeable vessel for filtering the liquid,
and in the means whereby such vessel is automatically cleansed.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is an elevation of the improved filter; Fig. 2 being a section on the line a,
in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a plan of the base.
Fig. 4 is a side elevation of the filtering vessel; the central part being broken
away.
Fig. 5 is a section on the line y, y in Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is a side elevation of the cap; Fig. 7 being a corresponding plan.
Fig. 8 is a plan of the under side of the cap.
The
In carrying out my invention, 1 employ an earthenware or other permeable
vessel AA consisting of a cylinder A furnished on the exterior with hollow
longitudinal webs or ribs A¹; six being a convenient number. The lower ends of
the webs are open the upper ends being closed. The vessel A A' is made
in one piece; that is, the cylinder A and the webs A¹ are formed integrally
with one another. In cross section (Fig. 5), the vessel resembles a rose.
base B (preferably made of metal), upon which the vessel is mounted, contains an
annular or polygonal passage bin communication with the outlet for the filtered
water. This passage communicates by means of one of a series of vertical ducts &²
(Fig. 3) with the interior of each hollow web A'. In the present example, in
which there are six webs A', there are consequently six ducts 62. The base also
supports the cover C, usually made of glass and having ribs conforming in shape-
'with the webs or ribs A'. That part of the base supporting the cover C is con-
nected with that part containing the annular passage and the ducts by means
of webs ³, in one of which the outlet passage b' is formed. The base B is screwed
to a hollow support D furnished with an inlet passage D' and a cleansing outlet D².
A central tube E is screwed into the cleansing outlet passage D'; an annular
spaced being left round the tube communicating with the inlet passage D' and the
bore a of the permeable vessel A. A¹. This tube extends through the bore of the
permeable vessel to and beyond the top of the cover. The permeable vessel is
held in place by a metal cap F F', the lower surface of which corresponds in shape
with the upper end of the permeable vessel, against which it bears.
The upper
part F of the cap is connected to the lower part F by webs between which
communication is effected with the bore a of the vessel. The cap is secured by a.

page_text: nut F screwed on the tube E. A washer g of leather or other suitable substance
is placed between the cap F F and the upper end of the vessel A., and another
washer g' between the vessel and the base B; these washers corresponding in shape
with the parts they are placed between. Slits are cut in the upper end of the
tube Ea grating H being slipped over the tube to enclose the slits. A hollow
unt J is screwed on the end of the tube E above the cover C: a metal washer jand.
a washer of leather or similar substance being placed between the hollow nut
and the cover. A. washer (Fig. 2) of leather or similar substance is also inserted
between the cover C and the base B. The sand or other cleansing material (not
shown in the drawings) lies between the cover C and the permeable vessel A A',.
and within the bore a of that vessel round the tube E; the sand or other material
extending down into the annular space near the inlet D'.
The action is as follows:-In the normal working of the filter, the cleansing
outlet D is closed. At starting it is, however, partially opened until the air in the
apparatus is expelled. The liquid entering at the inlet D is forced into the bore a
of the vessel A'A' and into the cover C, sand being carried out of the annular
space d and up the bore a of the permeable vessel, passing between the webs of
the cap F F and eventually falling, under the influence of gravity, into the space.
between the hollow webs A of the permeable vessel A A' and the cover C, whence
it descends between the webs of the base B into the annular cavity d near the
inlet. Thus the sand or other cleansing material flows in a continual stream up
the bore of the permeable vessel and down the outside thereof; all parts of the
filtering surface being subjected to its cleansing action. The impurities removed
by the sand escape, when the outlet D2 is opened, through the grating H and the
slits e in the tube E, and pass away with the wash-out water. The grating H,.
however, prevents the escape of the sand. The filtered water percolates through
the walls of the permeable vessel A A' into the spaces in the hollow webs A',.
whence it flows by way of the ducts 62 and the annular passage b to the outlet 6' for
the filtered water.
The water, instead of being forced through the apparatus as described, may be
sucked through by means of an exhaust pump. In cleansing the filter under these
conditions, water is drawn through the cleansing outlet D2 by suction.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I claim :-
1. The improved filter constructed or operating substantially as described with.
reference to the accompanying drawings.
2. In an "earthenware filter, the improved construction of permeable.
vessel A A', the same consisting of a cylinder A having hollow longitudinal webs.
or ribs A', the filtered water percolating through the walls of the vessel into the
spaces in the hollow webs or ribs, whence it is conducted to a suitable outlet, sub--
stantially as herein described.
3. In an "earthenware" filter, cleansing the permeable vessel by means of sand
carried up the bore of the vessel from a space near the inlet by the incoming water,.
the sand thus carried up falling down the outside of the permeable vessel under the
influence of gravity into that space again, ready to be once more carried up by the
incoming water, all parts of the filtering surface being thus subjected to the action.
of a continual stream of sand, substantially as herein described..
4. In an "earthenware" filter, the combination, with a permeable vessel A A'
consisting of a cylinder A having hollow longitudinal webs or ribs A', of a base or
support, a tube E screwed into the support, a cap F F', a nut F2, a cover C, and.
accessory parts, substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth.
Dated the 24th day of March 1893.
G. G. M. HARDINGHAM,
191, Fleet Street, London, E.C., Chartered Patent Agent..