IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF RED DYES
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet Street,
in the City of London, E. C., Patent Agent, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF RED DYES."-A communication
from abroad be Mossiours Ronard Frères of Lyons
Sealed the 7th October 1859, and dated the 12th April 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald Brooman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th April 1859.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, E.C., Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF RED DYES," (commu-
Dicated to me from abroad by Messieurs Renard, Frères, of Lyons,) to be as
follows:-
These new dyes, called by the Inventors "Fuschiacine," from the resem-
blance of the color produced by them to that of the fuschia, is prepared by
heating together, to the point of ebullition, a mixture of aniline and of
anhydrous bichloride of tin; the boiling should be maintained for from about
15 to 20 minutes. At first the mixture is of a yellowish tint, then of a reddish
tint, and finally becomes a beautiful red, when thin layers are held up to the
light, but in bulk it appears black. When the mixture is in the state just
mentioned, and while still liquid, it is poured into water, and the whole

page_text: heated to the boiling point; it is then allowed to settle a short time, and
filtered hot, the residuum is again treated with water, and heated until the
whole passes through the filter. The filtered liquor contains the coloring
matter dissolved; in order to separate it, advantage is taken of its property of
being insoluble in saline solutions, and to the liquor is added solid soluble
salts, chloride of sodium, neutral tartrates of potass of soda, &c.; the salts
dissolve, and the coloring matter precipitates in a solid state, and is obtained
by decantation or filtration. To dye with it, make a bath by dissolving it in
water, or ordinary saline or acid mordants may be used, with the exception of
mineral acids.
Although I have only mentioned the bichloride of tin as mixed with aniline,
the Invention also consists in producing a red dye by mixing with aniline
bichloride of mercury, perchloride of iron, or the protochloride of copper, and
treating the mixture in the manner herein-before described with respect to the
mixture of aniline with bichloride of tin.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Archibald Brooman in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 12th October 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, E.C., send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Richard Archibald Brooman, Her special licence that I, the said Richard
Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF RED DYES," (communicated to me
from abroad by Messieurs Renard, Frères, of Lyons,) upon the condition
(amongst others) that I; the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one

page_text: of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
These new dyes, called by the Inventors "Fuchsiacine," from the resem-
blance of the color produced by them to that of the fuchsia, are prepared by
heating together, to the point of ebullition, a mixture of aniline and of
anhydrous bichloride of tin; the boiling should be maintained for from about
15 to 20 minutes. At first the mixture is of a yellowish tint, then of a
reddish tint, and finally becomes a beautiful red, when thin layers are held up
to the light, but in bulk it appears black. The mixture is liquid while hot,
but when cold it assumes a tacky or jelly-like state. In it the coloring matter
is mixed with various impurities, and in order to free it from them the mass
is boiled in water, and afterwards filtered; while still hot the filtered liquor is
a solution of the coloring matter, and on becoming cold the coloring matter is
precipitated. In order to separate the coloring matter completely, I take
advantage of its insolubility in certain saline solutions by adding to the liquor
one of the following salts in a solid state:-tartrates, acetates, alkaline or
earthy chlorides, alkaline phosphates and pyro-phosphates, or chloride of
mercury. The salt will dissolve in the liquor, and the whole of the coloring
matter will be precipitated, to be afterwards gathered by filtration or decan-
tation. To dye, I use either the red solution resulting from boiling the
mixture in water, or I use the solid coloring matter obtained as above
described, and dissolve it in water. Ordinary saline or acid mordants, with
the exception of mineral acids, may be employed with it. To print with the
color the filtered liquor solution would not be sufficiently concentrated; I
therefore treat the mixture of aniline and bichloride of tin while hot with
acetic acid, alcohol, or wood spirit, and precipitate the coloring matter as
herein-before described.
Although I have only mentioned the bichloride of tin as mixed with aniline,
the Invention also consists in producing a red dye by mixing with aniline
bichloride of mercury, perchloride of iron, or the protochloride of copper, and
treating the mixture in the manner herein-before described with respect to
the mixture of aniline with bichloride of tin.

page_text: And having now described the nature of the said Invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim, preparing red
dyes by the combination of aniline with anhydrous bichloride of tin, or with
bichloride of mercury, or with perchloride of iron, or with protochloride of
copper, essentially in manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of October, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-nine.
R. A. BROOMAN. (L.S.)