IMPROVEMENTS IN GRATERS GRATING SALT, BREAD, NUTMEGS, GINGER, AND OTHER MATERIALS.”
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Lorenzo Field, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Cabinet Maker, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN GRATERS
GRATING SALT, BREAD, NUTMEGS, GINGER, AND OTHER MATERIALS.”
FOR
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Lorenzo Field at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th May 1881.
"
LORENZO FIELD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Cabinet Maker.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GRATERS FOR GRATING SALT, BREAD, NUTMEGS, GINGER,
AND OTHER MATERIALS."
My Invention consists of the improvements hereinafter described in graters for
grating salt, bread, nutmegs, ginger, and other materials.
The body of the grater consists of a rectangular chamber, in which a hollow
cylindrical or tubular grater is capable of rotating. Above the said chamber is a
hopper or box in which the block or lumps of salt or the other material to be grated
is placed, and below the said chamber is a drawer, tray, or receptacle into which the
grated material falls, the said drawer, tray, or receptacle sliding into the base of
the apparatus. The axis of the cylindrical or tubular grater is supported in
bearings at each end of the chamber in which it works, and one end of the axis
is prolonged outside the said chamber, and is furnished with a handle or winch for
turning it. The said grater is perforated, the edges of the perforations being made
into cutting or grating edges, similar to those of an ordinary hand grater; or the
cutting edges may be made of a toothed or serrated form. The upper part of the
cylindrical or tubular grater projects through the bottom of the hopper.
By rotating the cylindrical or tubular grater by its winch or handle, the block
of salt or material in the hopper is rapidly grated by the cutting or grating edges
of the grater, the particles removed by the grating edges partly passing between
the exterior of the grater and the sides of the chamber in which it works, and
partly passing into the grater through its holes, and falling from the grater, the
whole of the grated material being received in the tray, drawer, or receptacle at
the base of the apparatus.

page_text: When nutmegs or materials of a bulbous form are to be grated, I use in the
hopper and above the projecting part of the rotating grater a second grater having
a curved figure, the concave side being presented to the rotating grater. This
second grater is capable of sliding in the hopper so as to approach the rotating
grater. Between the two grating surfaces the nutmegs or bulbous materials are
placed.
The hopper is made capable of ready detachment from the chamber containing
the rotating grater. When the hopper is removed the grater may be lifted from
its chamber for cleaning. Instead of a hollow cylindrical grater a solid grater may
be employed.
Instead of using a cylindrical rotary grater a flat grater having a reciprocating
sliding motion may be employed, but I prefer to use the cylindrical rotary grater
herein before described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Lorenzo Field in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 16th November
1881.
LORENZO FIELD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Cabinet Maker.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GRATERS FOR GRATING SALT, BREAD, NUTMEGS, GINGER,
AND OTHER MATERIALS."
My Invention consists of the improvements herein after described in graters for
grating salt, bread, nutmegs, ginger, and other materials.
The body of the grater consists of a rectangular chamber, in which a hollow
cylindrical or tubular grater is capable of rotating. Above the said chamber is a
hopper or box in which the block or lumps of salt or the other material to be
grated is placed, and below the said chamber is a drawer, tray, or receptacle into
which the grated material falls, the said drawer, tray, or receptacle sliding into the
base of the apparatus. The axis of the cylindrical or tubular grater is supported
in bearings at each end of the chamber in which it works, and one end of the axis
is prolonged outside the said chamber, and is furnished with a handle or winch for
turning it.
The said grater is perforated, the edges of the perforations being made into
cutting or grating edges, similar to those of an ordinary hand grater; or the
cutting edges may be made of a toothed or serrated form. The upper part of the
cylindrical or tubular grater projects through the bottom of the hopper.
By rotating the cylindrical or tubular grater by its winch or handle, the block
of salt or material in the hopper is rapidly grated by the cutting or grating edges
of the grater, the particles removed by the grating edges partly passing between
the exterior of the grater and the sides of the chamber in which it works, and
partly passing into the grater through its holes, and falling from the grater, the

page_text: whole of the grated material being received in the tray, drawer, or receptacle at
the base of the apparatus.
When nutmegs or materials of a bulbous form are to. be grated, I use in the
hopper and above the projecting part of the rotating grater a second grater having
a curved figure, the concave side being presented to the rotating grater. This
second grater is capable of sliding in the hopper so as to approach the rotating
grater. Between the two grating surfaces the nutmegs or bulbous materials are
placed.
The hopper is made capable of ready detachment from the chamber containing
the rotating grater. When the hopper is removed the grater may be lifted from
its chamber for cleaning. Instead of a hollow cylindrical grater a solid grater may
be employed.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings
the manner in which my Invention is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in side elevation; Figure 2 in plan, with the lid removed;
Figure 3 in longitudinal section, and Figure 4 in cross section a grater for grating
bread, salt, or other material constructed according to my Invention.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4.
a is the rectangular body or chamber of the grater in which the hollow or
tubular grater b works, the ends of the axis d of the grater turning in bearings
at c, c, in the ends of the upper part of the body a. The said grater b is turned
by the winch or handle e; f is the hopper or box above the chamber a, in which
hopper the block or lump of salt or bread g to be grated is placed as represented.
The hopper is covered by a lid as shown. The bottom of the hopper fis
contracted or is furnished with inclined sides at h, by which the material when in
lumps is conducted and limited to the upper surface of the cylindrical grater b.
In the base of the chamber a is a sliding drawer or tray i, into which the grated
material falls, the said drawer or tray i being fastened in its place by a turn or
catch. The cylindrical grater b is perforated as represented, the edges of the
perforations constituting the cutting or grating surface of the instrument.
portion of the said cylindrical grater projects into the lower part of the hopper f:
as seen in the cross section, Figure 4.
b
A
In using the grater the block of salt g or the block or lumps of other material is
or are placed in the hopper f, and the cylindrical grater bis rotated by the winch
or handle e. The grating surface of the grater operating upon the bottom of the
block y or upon the lumps of material in contact with it rapidly grates it or them.
The particles removed by the grating surface partly pass between the exterior of
the cylindrical grater 6 and the sides of the chamber a, and partly into the said
grater through its holes and fall therefrom, the whole of the grated material
being received in the drawer or tray i. The drawer or tray i may be farnished
with a sieve for separating the grated material into two or more sizes, but for
general use the said sieve is unnecessary.
In order to remove any particles of the grated material which may remain in
the interior of the cylindrical grater b, holes, (see Figure 4), are made in the
ends of the said grater b for that purpose. The hopper f is made capable of
removal from the chamber or body a. For this purpose the hopper f is furnished
at opposite sides with sliding bolts l, which take into eyes or knuckles m on the
upper part of the chamber a. By sliding the bolts out of the eyes or knuckles m
on the chamber a the hopper is unfastened and may be removed. The cylindrical
grater bis thereby exposed, and may be lifted from its bearings for cleaning or
other purpose.
Although I prefer to employ a hollow cylindrical grater as represented, yet a
solid cylindrical grater may be used. In this case the grating surface is made
similar to that of a file or rasp. The grated material, when a solid cylindrical
grater is used, falls between the exterior of the said grater and the body a into the
tray i.
Figure 5 represents in side elevation and Figure 6 in cross section a grater for

page_text: grating nutmegs, ginger, or materials of a bulbous form constructed according to
my Invention. In this arrangement I use in addition to the parts described in
the grater, Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, a second grater marked n having a curved or
concave bottom. A plan of the grater n is represented in Figure 7. This second
grater n, which constitutes a holder, slides in the hopper fso as to approach the
rotating cylindrical grater b. The nutmegs p (or other material) to be grated
having been placed in the hopper f, the upper or sliding grater n is placed in the
hopper, and by pressure applied by the hand to the head n² of the sliding grater n
the nutmegs are pressed to and maintained against the cylindrical grater b.
By rotating the cylindrical grater b by its handle e, the nutmegs or articles are
grated between the two grating surfaces b and n, as will be understood by an
examination of Figure 6.
Figure 8 represents in front elevation and Figure 9 in transverse vertical section
a grater for grating salt, bread, and other materials in combination with a grater
for grating nutmegs, ginger, and other bulbous articles.
The hopper a in this arrangement is not made capable of separation from the
chamber a in which the large cylindrical grater b works. The axis d of the said
grater bis in this arrangement passed through the sides of the chamber a, and
fixed in its place by rivetting or expanding the parts outside the chamber a. Οι
the axis & may be fixed in any other convenient manner.
Figure 10 represents in side elevation and Figure 11 in plan a grater for grating
bread, salt, and other materials of the construction represented in Figures 8 and 9,
excepting that the nutmeg or ginger grater is omitted.
Having now described the nature of my Invention; and the manner in which the
same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I claim as my Invention
of "Improvements in Graters for Grating Salt, Bread, Nutmegs, Ginger, and other
Materials,"
1
First. Constructing and combining or arranging the parts of graters having
rotating grating surfaces in the several ways herein before described and illustrated
in the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. The combination with graters having rotating grating surfaces of the
sliding or holding grating surface marked n in Figures 6 and 7 of the accompanying
Drawings; also the combination of parts constituting the double grater represented
in Figures 8 and 9 of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Lorenzo Field, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twelfth day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT,
37, Temple Street,
Birmingham.
LORENZO FIELD. (L.S.)