Improvements in Self-propelling Road Vehicles.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Dec., 1895-Accepted, 29th Feb., 1896
Improvements in Self-propelling Road Vehicles.
I, EDWARD JOEL PENNINGTON, of the City of Racine, in the County of
Racine and State of Wisconsin, United States of America, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is. to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention has reference, more particularly, to light vehicles of the type of
bicycles and tricycles provided with explosive engines carried thereby for propelling
the same.
It consists in the hereinafter specified constructions, combinations and arrange-
ments of parts in the vehicle and in the explosive engine for use thereon, or for
other purposes.
The objects of the invention are:
First To furnish a light and convenient road vehicle driven by power obtained
from an oil engine;
Secondly: To provide a cheap, practical, explosive engine, that will not heat,
though run at high speed, thus dispensing with a water jacket or other artificial
means, heretofore used, to carry away the heat generated by the compression of the
charge and subsequent explosion thereof;
Thirdly: To provide a simple, cheap and efficient inlet or exhaust valve; and,
Fourthly: To convey the heat developed in the combustion of the explosive
mixture to certain parts of the machine, as those upon, or near which, the feet of
the rider rest, or which are engaged by his hands in the steering of the vehicle, this
feature of my invention being designed for use in cold weather, and to be rendered
inoperative when the necessity of its use no longer exists.
In carrying out the first part of my invention, I apply the engine to the vehicle,
and provide a reservoir for the fluid, of capacity sufficient for a run of several
hours. The engine is of that class in which a charge of an explosive mixture of
air and oil, is admitted behind the piston, and is, after compression, exploded so as
to develop the necessary power. Heretofore it has been proposed to apply
explosive fluid engines of the compression type to wheeled vehicles; but all such
proposals have, so far as I am aware, included the use of fly wheels, special com-
pression cylinders and other special instrumentalities to effect the compression of
the explosive mixture, and the engines intended to be applied have been of such
weight as to render their use impracticable at least for bicycles, tricycles and
similar light vehicles to run over ordinary roads. In the present invention, such
instrumentalities are discarded and the explosive mixture is compressed in the
explosion cylinder through the momentum of the load-i.e. the weight of the
rider on the vehicle. Apart from such load, my new and improved vehicle will
not run, for the compression of the explosive mixture acts as a brake; but when
the rider mounts and starts the vehicle, the additional weight stores the power and
furnishes the momentum for overcoming the resistance opposed by the compression.
I prefer to retain the usual pedal driving gear on my new or improved vehicle, so
that the rider may use the same to assist in starting or in hill-climbing, although
I have found it unnecessary to resort thereto, even over hills of more than ordinary
steepness.
While the invention extends to the general arrangement just indicated, it also

page_text: comprises, as special improvements, the particular disposition of the foregoing, in
which the engine piston is coupled directly with a crank fast to one, or a pair, of
the supporting wheels of the vehicle, and also certain particular' features in the
placing and support of the engine cylinder, in the valve mechanism, and in the
conveying of the heat developed by combustion to certain parts of the vehicle, as
hereinafter set forth.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a road vehicle, of the bicycle class, to which my
invention is applied.
Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of the engine cylinder, the electric connections
being also shown.
Figures 3 and 4 are details of the valve mechanism.
Figure 5 is a side elevation also showing the invention incorporated in a road
vehicle.
Figure 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of the engine cylinder, the electrical
connections being also shown.
Figures 7 and 8 are details of the valve mechanism, as employed in this form, of
the invention.
Figure 9 is a side elevation of a vehicle, having a two-cylinder motor.
Figure 10 is a plan view, of the same.
Figure 11 is a view partly in horizontal section on line 11-11 of Figure 9, but
mainly in plan.
Figure 12 is a cross section on line 12-12 of Figure 11..
- : 11.
Figure 13 is a view partly in longitudinal section on line 13-13 of
Figure 11.
Figure 14 is a similar view on line 14-14 of Figure 11.
Figure 15 is a view of a detail.
Figure 16 is a front elevation of a modified form of engine, partly
section.
Figure 17 is a side elevation of the same.
Figures 18 to 22, inclusive, show modifications.
Figure 23 is an exterior view of an inlet or exhaust valve forming part of my
invention.
Figure 24 is a vertical, longitudinal section thereof.
Figure 25 is a side elevation of a motor driven bicycle embodying devices for
conveying heat, as desired, to the hands and feet of the rider.
Figure 26 is a longitudinal vertical section showing a portion of the fork and its
post or standard, and connections.
Figure 27 is a transverse central section of a portion of the fork and its
connected parts.
Figure 28 is a horizontal section on the line 28-28 of Figure 26.
Figure 29 is a plan view of the rear end of the vehicle shown in Figure 25.
Figures 30 to 35, inclusive, have relation to a four wheeled vehicle, hereinafter
fully described.
Similar characters of reference indicate similar parts in the respective views.
Referring now, more particularly, to Figure 1, 1, 2, are the two wheels of the
vehicle, which may be of the kind ordinarily used in the improved class of bicycles,
tricycles and similar vehicles, but are, preferably, provided with pneumatic tyres
considerably larger than the ordinary bicycle tyre, the function of which enlarged
tyres will be hereinafter more particularly described and set forth. The frame
proper of the vehicle is indicated generally by 3. The front wheel 1 is, as usual,
employed for steering, through the medium of handles 4, arranged to be under the
control of the rider seated upon the saddle 5. The propelling devices, ordinarily
used in such vehicles, consisting of cranks, pedals, sprocket wheels and a driving
chain, are omitted, or not, as may be desired.
The reason for the construction of a pneumatic tyre of considerably larger
diameter than the ordinary bicycle tyre is found in the importance of eliminating

page_text: the effects of the common irregularities of the ordinary road bed to such an extent
that the engine may propel the vehicle without danger of slipping or stalling.
I bave discovered that this can be satisfactorily effected by a pneumatic tyre of an
extra large diameter (say four inches diameter for a single rider, as shown) on the
propelling wheel 2, but preferably pneumatic tyres of extra large diameter are
used also on the other wheel 1 (or wheels, in the case of vehicles other than
bicycles). The larger the diameter of the tyre, the less the pressure per square
inch of bearing surface on the roadway, and by the adoption of about the ratio
iudicated, the pressure is small enough to avoid crushing hardened mud or sinking
in sand or the like, which I have found very detrimental to the self propulsion
of vehicles over ordinary roads.
The frame 3 of the machine is substantially that found in approved vehicles of
this class, being made principally of tubing to give the requisite strength. and
lightness. The arrangement of the frame is suitably modified to allow the
application of the motor to the vehicle.
The cylinder of the engine is indicated by 6, it being furnished with a rear head
only, the front end of the cylinder being open. The front end of the cylinder.6 is
provided with an extension 7, preferably integral therewith, having an eye 7* which
fits loosely over the axle of the wheel, in such manner as to act as a support. The
rear end of the cylinder 6 is secured to the rear standard of the frame 3 by means
of a brace 8, the connection being made to the rear end by means of a projection
integral with the head passing through an eye 9.of said brace and provided with a
nut 9 outside the eye 9. The opposite end of the brace 8 is attached to the rear
standard in any suitable manner. In Figure 5, the cylinder 6 is shown secured to
the rear standard and upper cross piece of the frame of the vehicle by suitable
clamping devices. The front end of the cylinder, as here arranged, is also provided
with extensions 7, which form the bearings for the shaft 10 of the engine, the
crank 11 of said shaft working between the extensions 7. The union between the
connecting rod 12 and the piston 13 is made by means of a ball and socket joint,
which allows of the necessary oscillation of said connecting rod. On the shaft 10
is mounted (Figures 5 and 6) a main gear wheel 14, which engages with a small
wheel or pinion 15 placed upon the main driving shaft 16 of the vehicle, an
ordinary sprocket wheel being mounted upon said shaft, and connected by means
of the usual chain with the sprocket wheel upon the axle of the rear wheel of the
vehicle.
17 represents the tank for holding the driving fluid which is admitted to the
branch 18 through a pipe 19, the admission being controlled by means of a valve 20,
and provision being made (as by one or more openings into the pipe 19 between the
valve 20 and the branch 18) for the admission of air to mix with the oil and form
the explosive charge. The branch 21 is that to which the exhaust pipe 22 is
attached. The admission of the explosive mixture to the rear end of the cylinder,
and the exhaust resulting from the explosion of the gases, are controlled through
the medium of a tapering valve barrel 23, made with ports in the usual manner.
The valve barrel 23 is provided with an arm 24 attached to the long arm of a valve
lever or bell crank 25 by means of a link 26, the short arm of said lever or bell
crank being provided with a pin or roller 27 which enters the groove of a valve-
operating-cam 28, mounted upon, the axle of the rear wheel. In the revolution of
said axle, the necessary movements of the tapered valve barrel 23 are given to
control the admission and exhaust of the explosive and exploded mixture.
An electric battery 29 is mounted upon the frame of the vehicle, and a wire 30
passes from one pole thereof through the rear end of the cylinder, the inner end of
the wire being furnished with a contact piece 31 for engaging a similar contact
piece 32 on the outer end of the piston at the termination of its back stroke. The
circuit is completed by means of a contact piece 33 bearing against the axle of the
rear wheel, and a wire 34 reaching from said contact piece to the opposite pole of
the battery, the current passing through the metal of the cylinder, connecting rod,
and the remainder of the circuit.

page_text: The arrangement is such that the charge of air and oil, is exploded, by the
separation of the contact piece 32 of the piston from the contact piece 31 at the rear
head of the cylinder.
In the arrangement shown in Figures 1 to 4, inclusive the parts being at the end
of an in-stroke of the piston preparatory to an explosion, the valve 23 closes the
port by which both the inlet and exhaust communicate with the interior of the
cylinder. The explosive charge is supposed to have been compressed in the end of
the cylinder during the previous in-stroke of the piston. As the piston moves
outward, the contacts 31 and 32 are separated, the spark passes, an explosion takes
place, and the piston is forced out, turning the wheel and propelling the vehicle.
As the piston finishes its out-stroke and returns, the cam 28 acts through the lever
and link to shift the valve 23 and opens the communication between the interior of
the cylinder and the exhaust 22. The valve being. held open by the cam, the
piston on its in-stroke forces out the products of the explosion. After the piston
has finished its in-stroke, the cam again shifts the valve 23 and puts the proper
port in communication with the inlet. The forward motion of the piston causes
the inflow of the air and oil and, at the end of the out-stroke, the cam shifts the
valve back into the closed position. The in-stroke of the piston (under the
momentum of the rider or load of the vehicle) then compresses the explosive
inixture while the valve is closed, and the ignition and explosion of the compressed
charge and subsequent operations then take place in order, as already mentioned.
This cycle of inspiration, compression, explosion, expansion and exhaustion in two
revolutions of the crank shaft, is common in explosive engines of the compression
type.
•
In the modified form of the invention seen in Figures 5 to 8, inclusive, during
the out-stroke of the piston, the cam has made, say, two revolutions (the gearing
being made to give four revolutions of the pinion 15 to each revolution of the crank
shaft, although this ratio may be varied) and at each revolution has reciprocated
the lever 25 and advanced the valve 23 a step; but the valve during the whole
period remains closed, the movement taking place while the solid portion of said
valve is opposite the exhaust port, as will be readily understood. In either form
of the invention, as the piston finishes its out-stroke and returns, the cam 28
advances the valve 23 and opens the exhaust, which remains open during another
movement of the cam and consequent rotary advance of the valve. The in-moving
piston forces out the products of the explosion. When the piston. again moves
out, the cam 28 advances the valve another step and opens the communication
between the cylinder and inlet pipe 19, so that the out-moving piston draws in the
air and oil. On the return in-stroke of the piston, the explosive mixture of air
and oil is confined in the cylinder by the closing of the valve, and although the
vehicle alone would not effect the compression of this mixture, yet, when loaded
with a rider, his momentum is transmitted to the piston and furnishes the power
requisite to effect the compression.
order that the reciprocations of the lever 25 may advance the valve step by
step, a pawl and ratchet (Figure 4 or 8) may be employed between the arm 24 and
the stem of the valve 23.
Referring now more especially to Figures 9 to 15, inclusive, showing the
invention with a motor having two cylinders, the bearing pieces 35 for the axle of
the propelling wheel are each provided with horns 36 and 37 for the lower and
back braces, which are of steel tubing. It is preferred to make these solid to fit
into the hollow ends of the braces; but they could be made hollow to receive the
braces. Further, each of said bearing pieces is provided with a seat 38 for the
front end of the engine cylinder, and the piece 35 is also provided with a
bearing 39 for a valve gear to be described below. Each bearing piece could be
provided with such bearings, but, as 1. find it advantageous to operate the valves
of both engine cylinders from one gear, only the one piece is shown as 80
provided.
It is preferred to use a removable block 40 (Figures 11, 13 and 14) under
:

page_text: each end of the axle to allow this to be readily inserted and removed when
desired.
In making bicycles and similar vehicles self propelling, it is desirable to reduce
the weight; and, in order to effect this, the hollow frame of the vehicle (or such
portion or part thereof as may be thought available) is made to constitute or form
part of the reservoir for the oil. As shown, the top braces 41, 41* make part of
such reservoir. In order to carry a large supply of fluid, a can 42 is mounted on
the frame, and connected, by a nipple, with one of the fluid holding braces.
A hollow cross piece 43, forms a brace and also a pipe connection between the
fluid holding braces at their lower ends. The couplings 43 unite the cross pieces
to the braces. At 44 is the filling opening of the can 42.
In the cross piece 43, is the conical orifice and threaded cylindrical opening for
the needle valve 45, which regulates the delivery of the oil. This needle valve
has a threaded stem engaging the threaded opening and the tapering point within
the conical orifice as is usual in needle valves, the turning of the stem inserting the
point more or less deeply into the orifice to check or cut off, or to start or increase,
the delivery from said orifice. The needle valve is formed at the end of a flexible
valve rod 47, which is extended forward and provided with a handle, or other
operating means, within reach of the rider. Its forward end is upheld by the
handle bar, the valve rod passing loosely through a loop 46.
The valve,rod,
therefore, does not interfere with the turning of the handle bar, nor with its
vertical adjustment. Such a valve rod as is described might be used to operate
any suitable form of fluid delivery valve, and the described arrangement of needle
valve could be used with any suitable operating means; although it is an
advantage and a special improvement to use the valve rod and the needle valve
arrangement in connection with each other.
The oil drips from the orifice into the opening 48 (see Figures 12 and 14) at the
top of the arched pipe 49, and is thence conveyed to the engine cylinders through
the valve to be described below.
In order to reduce the weight of the engine and to favour the conduction of heat
from the engine cylinders, 6 and 6, they are each made of a steel tube cut away
at one end to leave a projecting tongue 7, for attachment to the bearing 35 of the
engine crank shaft 10, which, as shown, is also the axle of the vehicle wheel 2.
The seats 38 are curved (or concave on their faces) to fit the curvature, in cross
section, of the tongues 7. The curvature of the tongue increases its strength, as
well as facilitates the manufacture of the tongued cylinder. The engine cylinder,
being single acting, the front ends are left open. The rear ends are closed by the
heads 51, which carry the valves 23, 23, 54, 54, and ignition tubes 52, 52, and
which also reinforce the steel tubes, at the explosive end, by means of a flange 53
for each tube or cylinder. The ignition tubes are made of platinum, or other
suitable material, each closed at its outer end and opening each into one cylinder
at the inner end. They are kept hot at the proper point to insure ignition of the
explosive mixture in the cylinders when fully compressed, as is well understood, in
the art.
In each cylinder moves a hollow piston 13 or 13", which is connected by its
pitman or connecting rod to the cranks 11, 11", respectively at the corresponding
end of the shaft or axle 10. The pitmen are each best made of a small steel
tube 12 and 12" respectively, with end pieces 57 and 58 of a thicker material.
The rear end piece 58 fits between bosses 59 and 60 on the inside of the hollow
piston, with which it is connected by the journal pin 61. The front end piece is
loosely connected with the pin of the crank 11 or 11", a bushing being advan-
tageously interposed. The bushing fits between the end piece and the crank pin
with sufficient looseness to turn freely, and has inwardly and outwardly turned
flanges which overlap the respective parts. A screw tapped into the crank pin
holds all in place.
The rear ends of the cylinders 6, 6ª, are connected with each other by means of
the chambered cross piece 62. This, as shown, bas several functions; it forms a

page_text: 'cross brace between the rear ends of the cylinders, and also between the rear ends
of the top braces 41,:41; it forms chambers for enclosing and protecting the
ignition tubes 52, 52"; it forms supports and protectors for the burners 63, 63; it
forms à support, for the rock bar 64, pivoted at 65 to a boss on its under side, the
said rock bar operating the exhaust valve mechanism, as explained below. On top,
the middle portion of this cross piece is cut away (as seen best in Figure 12) so as
to allow the escape of the products of combustion from the burners 63, 63°, if
necessary, to supply air for their combustion. The burners 63, 63* may take air
from the outside through the burner tubes, as in the familiar Bunsen burner; and
the orifices for the escape of the products of combustion need not be made just as
shown. Ears 66, on the piece 62, fit over the projections 68 between the bent
pieces 67, forming the lower ends of the top braces 41, 41, and the heads 51.
The heads 51 are each made double, the inner plate being integral with the
projections, and also with the flange 53, which enters the cylinder tube. The
outer plate has projections 69, which fit outside the cylinder. The inlet port and
outlet port are each made through the flange 53, the cylinder tube and the
corresponding projection; and so also is the hole for the ignition tube 52 or 52*;
only there is, preferably, no outside projection corresponding to 69 for the
ignition tube.
The inlet and outlet valves 23, 23, 54, 54" are each screwed into threaded
openings in the projections 69. They each include (see Figure 24) a chambered
body with the opening and seat for the valve disc 76, in the partition between the
chambers, also with a lateral opening 70, the full diameter of the valve disc and in
line with the valve stem 75, and with an elongated hollow cylindrical extension 71,
also in line with the valve stem. The opening 70 is provided with a closure, shown
as a screw plug. A spiral compression spring 72 surrounds the extension 71, through
which the valve stem 75 passes and by which it is guided. It presses at its inner
end against the body of the valve, and at its outer end against a disc 73 on the end
of the valve stem. In this disc is an annular groove, which receives the end coil
of the spring.
The inlet valves 23, 23ª open inward (that is, toward the engine cylinder) and are
opened by the atmospheric pressure when a sufficient vacuum is made in the
corresponding engine cylinder, and closed by the spring when there is no such
vacuum.
To the top of the valve one end of the arched pipe 49 is secured by a union 74
with a disc of gauze or perforated metal 49 interposed. One end of the pipe 49 is
fastened to the top of the valve 23, and the other end to the top of the valve 23"
(see Figure 12), so that the same fluid-delivery valve 45 shall serve for both
cylinders.
The exhaust valves 54, 54" also open inward, and are opened by valve mechanism
and closed by the springs. To open the valve 54, there is a tappet 77, on the
valve rod 78, whose rear end is jointed at 79 to the rock bar 64, and which is
guided by an eye of the guide piece 83 fastened by a nut on the lower part of
the valve.
The tappet strikes the end of the valve stem and forces it and the valve disc
inward against the pressure of the spring.
To open the valve 54", a tappet 80 is provided on the valve rod 81, whose rear
end is jointed at 82 to the corresponding end of the rock bar 64, and whose front
end is loosely connected with the crank pin 73 of the valve gear 15. This wheel
is double the diameter of the pinion 14 on the shaft 10; so that the exhaust valves
are opened once in every two reciprocations of the corresponding pistons 13
or 13
The gear as shown (see Figure 15) is provided with a boss 76° to hold the valve
rod 81 away from the gear teeth, and to give a longer bearing in this gear to the
crank pin. It is provided with an annular groove 77b to receive the end of tubular
bearing 39, and with a pin 78° to enter said bearing. A screw 79° tapped into the
pin, holds the gear in place, the under side of the screw head bearing against the

page_text: opposite end of the bearing. This special arrangement is advantageous, but it
may be replaced by another if its advantages are not desired, and the same remark
applies to other particular constructions shown in the drawings and particularly
described.
At 80 is a can of oil for supplying the burners 63, 63. "It is upheld by straps.
from the top braces 41, 41, and has a filling opening 81b. A feed pipe 82
conducts the fluid to the branches 83, and 84, which lead to the respective, burners..
Stop cocks 85 and 86 in the branches control the supply to the burners.
The operation is as follows:
"
The can 80, being supplied with proper fluid, the burners 63, 63 are lighted to
heat the ignition tubes 52, 52°. Then the rider, adjusting the needle valve, and
mounting the machine, starts the wheel and shaft turning. Assuming that, the
parts are in the position shown, the pistons are both drawn forward by the
cranks 11, 11 and pitnien 12, 12ª. If both cylinders are empty, a mixture, of air,
and oil is drawn into both cylinders through the arched pipe 49 and the inlet,
valves 23, 23. As the end of the forward stroke is reached, the springs close the
inlet valves. During this movement, or half revolution, of the shaft 10, the crank
pin 73 has made a quarter revolution, removing the tappet. 80 from the step of
the, valve 54, and so rocking the bar 64, as to bring the tappet 77 against the stem
of the valve 54.
The pistons 13, 13ª are moved back together; and the tappet. 77, forcing open
the valve,54, the contents of the cylinder 6 are. exhausted,,while the contents,.of;
the cylinder.6 are compressed because the valve 54 is closed. The compression
takes place also in the ignition tube 52", and when it is complete the explosive,
mixture reaches the part of said tube which is sufficiently, heated to ignite the
mixture and to cause it to explode.
4
The pistons having now reached the inner (or rear end) of their stroke, the
force of the exploded and expanded mixture in the cylinder 6 forces the piston,13º.
forward and turns the shaft 10, propelling the vehicle. During this forward
movement, the piston 13 draws in from the arched pipe 49 a charge of oil and
air, its exhaust valve 54, as well as the valve 54, being. closed during this
movement.
During the next inward movement of the pistons 13, 13, the valve 54° is opened
aud the valve 54 closed, so that the contents of the cylinder 6° are exhausted, and
those of the cylinder 6 compressed. The parts are now again in the position.
shown in the drawing. The compression of the explosive mixture in the cylinder 6,
forces it into the ignition tube 52 until it catches fire and explodes, forcing. the
piston 13 outward and through the shaft 55, drawing the piston 13ª so as to draw:
an explosive charge into the cylinder 6º to be in turn compressed and exploded..
In order to effect the compression of the explosive mixture.in the cylinders 6, 6*,
it is evident that some force is necessary. In ordinary gas engines, a heavy
Ay wheel has been employed to store force for each explosion sufficient to effect
the next compression. Sometimes the force of an explosion has been made
directly to effect the subsequent compressions. It is found unnecessary to use
either of these expedients, and the vehicle may therefore be made lighter. The
weight of the rider has been found available to store power for effecting the
compression. This is an advantage, not only in saving weight, but it makes
the vehicle self-stopping when the rider dismounts, the weight of the vehicle
alone not being sufficient to effect the compression.
Referring now to Figures 16 to 22, inclusive, 6 is a metal cylinder made of thin
sheet metal or tubing drawn or bent to shape, and brazed or welded. Steel
tubing is preferred, as possessing great tensile strength with the necessary thinness
of metal.
One end of the cylinder is closed by a head 51. The opposite end is open, the
engine being single acting, and extends beyond the limit of movement of the
piston, where it is cut away on either side as shown, leaving two tongues or legs 7,
which sustain the cylinder. These legs are secured in any suitable way, as by

page_text: screws, rivets or brazing, to supports 90, which may be of cast metal, the lower end
of each forming a part of one of the bearings for the driving shaft 10. The
supports 90 are bolted, or otherwise fastened, to columns 91, the upper end of each
of which is fashioned into a part of a bearing for the driving shaft. The lower
ends of the supports are secured to the floor, or any suitable base or bed plate.
The shaft 10, journalled in its bearings formed in the supports 90 and columns 91,
respectively, has a crank 11, to which is attached a pitman 12, pivoted to the
piston 13, adapted to reciprocate in the cylinder 6. The piston 13 is given a
length greater than its diameter, as is usual in this class of engines. The piston is
made hollow, with two lugs 59, 60, projecting from its inner walls to afford
sufficient bearing for the journal pin 61, the latter being secured in place by
one of the packing rings, as shown.
An inlet valve 23, and an exhaust valve 54, are mounted upon the cylinder at its
closed end. These valves are similar, each consisting of a chambered body divided
by a partition with a seat for the valve disc 76. The valve disc has a stem 75
passing through a cylindrical extension 71, surrounded by a spiral spring, which
spring hears at one end against the valve, and at the opposite end against a disc on
the valve steni. The tendency of the spring is at all times to close the valve.
The inlet valve is open to the air. Above the opening, a pipe 19, extending
from the oil reservoir, ends in a needle valve 45, from which the oil drops into the
inlet valve. A stud 39 projects from one of the supports 90, on which is journalled
a gear wheel 14 and an eccentric 93 coupled together. On the main shaft 10 is
mounted a pinion 14, engaging with the gear 15, which makes one revolution to two
of the pinion. An eccentric rod 47b, fastened at one end to a strap surrounding
the eccentric has an eye on its opposite end through which the stem of the exhaust
valve passes.
Two pulleys 94 and 95, on the shaft 10, serve to convey the power to propel the
vehicle.
The operation of this engine, (which by reason of its construction, lightness, and
non-beating qualities, is well adapted as a motor for the wheeled vehicle described)
is as follows: The engine being in the position shown, the valve in the oil pipe is
opened, and a small quantity of oil is allowed to drop into the inlet valve 23. The
shaft 10 being rotated, the piston is drawn down, causing a suction through the
valve 23, thus drawing a mixture of air and oil into the cylinder, the oil being
vaporized by the operation. As the end of the stroke is reached, the spring closes
the inlet valve. During this movement, or half rotation of the shaft, the eccentric
and gear, by reason of the engagement of the latter with the pinion, has made a
quarter revolution, moving the rod away from the exhaust valve, which kept
closed by its spring. The piston now moves backward, compressing the gas and
air in the cylinder, and also in the igniting tube 52. When this is complete, the
explosive mixture in the tube is ignited, and the explosion occurs. The piston at
this time has reached the limit of its backward movement, and the force of the
explosion and expanded mixture in the cylinder drives the piston forward, turning
the shaft. When the piston has reached its forward movement, after the explosion,
the eccentric is in such a position that the rod 81 is moving backward; and, as the
piston returns, after the explosion, the rod opens the exhaust valve, thus permitting
the products of combustion to escape. The heat generated by compressing and
exploding the mixture is rapidly radiated by the thin walls of the cylinder, which,
because of their thinness, absorb and store up but little heat, while the cooling
effect is greatly enhanced by the volatilization of the oil, which, as is well known,
requires heat to convert it from a liquid to a gaseous state. This being done
directly within the cylinder, the cooling effect thereon is apparent.
The cylinder may be made as shown in Figure 18, the open end being cut off
square, and screwed or brazed into a circular base 90 of cast metal with two legs,
with bearings at their lower ends.
Figure 19 shows a standard widened sufficiently to hold two cylinders in the
same plane, but placed at an angle to each other.

page_text: Figure 20 shows how four cylinders may be secured to one standard. Figures 21
and 22 indicate the cylinder and base formed from a single piece of tubing, welded,
drawn or swaged into shape.
Figures 23 and 24 are enlarged views of the valve hereinbefore described.
23 is the valve chamber having branches a and b, a partition c upon or in which
the valve seat d is formed, a long shank or cylindrical extension 71, and a screw
cap e.
The branch a, when the valve is applied to the inlet side of the engine, is
that through which a fluid, such as gasoline, petroleum, or the like, is fed, as also
that through which air, for mingling with the said fluid, enters; while the branch b
is the one through which the mingled fluid and air pass directly into the engine
cylinder. In the partition is formed, while the casting is in the lathe, the usual
valve sent by means of a tool which enters the neck 70, afterwards closed by the
screw cap e. The bearings ff' for the valve stem, formed in the shank or
cylindrical extension 71, may be bored at the same operation. The shank not
only serves the purpose of giving a long double support to the valve stem 75, but
also of sustaining the helical spring 72, by means of which the valve 76 is
normally seated. A recessed stud 73, screwed upon the end of the valve stem 75,
receives the outer end of the spring 72, the opposite end of the spring resting
against the chamber.
When the valve is used upon the exhaust side of the engine, the stem 75 is
attached by means of a swivelled or pivoted connection, forming a part of the stud,
to the eccentric rod, the proper movements of the valve being effected through the
instrumentalities of the eccentric and the spring 72.
In the use to which this valve is put, whether on the inlet or the exhaust side of
an engine, no packing of the stem is needed; for, in its use as an inlet valve, the
rapid passage of the oil, as petroleum, gasoline, or the like past the valve 76 on its
way to the branch and the cylinder, is so rapid, due to the production of a partial
vacuum within the cylinder and the consequent quick influx of air, that no leakage
around the stem occurs. The same is true when the valve is employed on the
exhaust side.
Special reference being now made to Figures 25 to 29, inclusive, a charge having
been compressed and exploded, the products of combustion enter the U-shaped
branch or connection g, and pass up the pipe to the tubular portions i and j of the
frame, reaching the hollow post of the fork, a portion of the products escaping
through the apertures k, which are in the immediate vicinity of the foot rests 1,
while the remaining portion passes upward into the hollow handle bar, escaping
from the tubular handle m. The heat developed in the exhaust is thus transmitted
to such parts of the machine as are in contact with, or in proximity to, the feet and
hands of the rider, and sufficient warmth is distributed to keep these extremities
comfortably warm in cold weather. When the heat is not required for, this
purpose, the exhaust inay be made into the open atmosphere by adjusting the cock
in the U-shaped connection g.
Figures 26 and 28 show the removal of a segment of the hollow post n, so that,
in the partial revolution of the post in the action of steering, there will always be
free passage for the entrance of the products of combustion to its interior.
Figure 28 shows the enlargement of the socket portion of the frame part
receiving the post n, so as to allow for the freer entrance of the products of
combustion.
Figures 30 to 35, inclusive, as previously stated, relate to a four-wheeled vehicle
adapted to be self propelled through the agency of a motor carried by and forming
a part of the vehicle.
Figure 30 is a side elevation of this part of my invention. Figure 31 is a top or
plan view. Figure 32 is a rear view. Figures 33, 34 and 35 show details.
The frame of the vehicle, which is in the main tubular, may be described as
consisting of the sections 3ª, 3b, 3º, 3º, 3º, 3º. The sections 3* are forked, as shown
more particularly in Figures 31 and 32, and serve, assisted by the sections 3d, to
support the axles 95 of the rear wheels 2. The sections 3ª unite with the heads 96

page_text: supporting the forks 97, which sustain the front wheels 1. A section 3 is placed
immediately under each of the sections. 3, conforming in shape therewith, and
being connected to the same by thimbles 98 brazed or otherwise secured thereto,
thus giving strength and rigidity to the double framework so formed. The
sections 3, 35, at each side of the vehicle, connect with shaft bearings 99, from
which also the forked sections 3 branch. The sections 3 each connects at its
lower end with 3ª and 38 by means of the shaft bearings 99, there being a forked
forging 100 to which the sections 3º, 3d and 3° are connected. The sections 3º, 3º
are transversely connected by means of a brace 101. The sections 3d run back, as
shown in Figures 30 and 31, and down so as to join with the rear axle 95. The
two heads are united by a cross tubular connection 102. The wheels 1, 1 and 2, 2,
are provided with pneumatic tyres of enlarged size, thus giving the wheels increased
traction and to the vehicle ease of motion without the use of springs.
The seat of the vehicle consists of a solid board 103, the back 104, and the back
braces 105. The latter turn under the seat board 103 and are attached thereto by
screws or otherwise. The back and seat board, which are suitably upholstered,
are connected by braces 106. 107, 107 represent boards running lengthwise under
the seat board 103 and secured thereto. The boards 107 are sustained by
braces 108, which at their lower ends attach to the rear axle 95. The flooring
and foot-board of the body consist of the planking 109, which rest upon and are
secured to the tubular sections 38, and occupy the space between them and those 3ª.
110 is a hood, consisting of a frame covered with leather, for covering the rear of
the vehicle. The hood is hinged at 111 to allow it to be raised to permit the
inspection of the parts concealed by it. 112 shows side curtains or aprons for
concealing and protecting the parts covered by them. 113 is a box secured to the
body of the vehicle and enclosing the gear used in starting and stopping.
The motor is practically located in the longitudinal centre line of the vehicle
under the seat thereof. It is here shown of the four cylinder engine type, two
cylinders being coupled together on each side of the longitudinal centre line of the
engine.
The crank shaft, serving in common for the several cylinders, is shown by 10,
the cranks being represented by 11. The latter are each provided with a
handle 114, the function of which is to allow the engine to be conveniently turned
by hand in order to obtain the necessary compression before explosion. The
crank shaft bearing 35 is secured to the projections 7 of the cylinders 6, and
Bupported by the forgings 115 fastened to and under the boards 107. The closed
inner end of the cylinder of each pair is connected by a brace or strap 116, which
in turn is attached to a twisted strap 117 secured to the boards 107. The
connecting rods which work in the open ends of the cylinders 6, are represented
by 12.
On the crank shaft 10 is mounted a sprocket wheel 118, from which, by means
of an ordinary chain 119, power is transmitted to the larger sprocket wheel 120,
the shaft 121 of which is supported by hangers 122 secured to the under side of
the seat proper 103. On the shaft 121 is mounted a sprocket wheel 123, over
which is the chain 124 which returns over the sprocket wheel 125 loosely mounted
upon the shaft 126, which is itself adapted to revolve in the shaft bearings 99.
The sprocket wheel is so connected as to move with the part 127 of a friction
clutch, to be hereinafter more fully described. On the shaft 126 is mounted a
sprocket wheel 127, the connection between the wheel and shaft 126 being such
that, in one direction of the movement of the shaft, the wheel is not carried around
or revolved with it, while in the other direction of the rotation of the shaft the
wheel is moved with it. This is accomplished by means of a ratchet and pawl
arrangement, which may be described as follows: A crank 128 is rigidly connected
with the shaft 126 so as to rotate with it; and on this crank is a spring pawl 129
which, when the sprocket wheel is to be turned with the shaft, engages a ratchet
wheel 130 rigidly secured to said wheel. The function of this ratchet and pawl
arrangement is to allow the wheel 2 adjacent to it to revolve independently of the
*

page_text: shaft while the vehicle is rounding a curve, as will be readily understood. The
sprocket wheel 127 connects by a chain 131 with the sprocket wheel 132, rigidly
attached to the hub 133 of the wheel 2, by which means it is revolved and the
vehicle propelled. The other parts of the friction clutch may be generally
described as cousisting of a split ring 134, adapted to revolve with the shaft 126,
and to be thrown against the inner surface of the part 127 of the clutch by means of
a lever 135, acting on a toggle joint 136 through the medium of a block 137,
adapted by means of a key or feather to slide on the shaft while revolving
therewith.
A fly wheel 138 is mounted upon the shaft 10, to equalize the motion of the
engine.
The oil tank is shown by 17, it being supported by brackets 139 secured to the
cross connection 102. The filling opening is shown by 44, and 19 is the pipe
leading the fluid to the needle valve 45, which, governed by means of the handle 47,
serves for the four cylinders of the motor. With the fluid the air is received as
in this class of motors, and as herein before described. On the crank shaft, are
At one side
gears 14 which engage gears 15 mounted upon a part of the frame.
of the engine, the gear 15 engages a gear 15°, also journalled upon a part of the
frame. To each of the gears 15 is cranked a valve rod 140 for its two cylinders 6,
on that side of the longitudinal centre line of the engine; which rods operate the
exhaust valves, the oil and air supply valves being automatic. Upon the gear 15*
is mounted a wiper, which acts, with a suitable part, as an electric brush, by means
of which the electric circuit used in the explosion of the compressed charge is
opened and closed. The valve rockers 142 attached to the valve rods 140, are
pivotally supported by the brackets 143 (braced by pieces 144) one on each side
of the engine. 29 represents the battery and 145 the spark coil. The electric
connections are not shown.
The common exhaust pipe of the group of cylinders is shown by 146; and it
will be seen from Figure 31 that the upper two cylinders 6 are provided with an
exhaust pipe 22 which connects, by a branch 147, with the common exhaust
pipe 146 while the lower two cylinders 6 are similarly furnished with an
exhaust pipe 22" uniting with a branch 147", also connecting with the common
exhaust pipe 146. The said common exhaust pipe leads to a muffler box 148, the
interior of which is suitably constructed to allow the exhausting gases to gradually
expand before final escape through the holes 149, and thus deaden or reduce the
sound of the exhaust. The muffler box, which may be metal or wood, is placed
below the floor of the vehicle as shown. It may, if desired, be used as a foot
warmer, for, if made of metal, it will absorb considerable heat. To allow its use
as a foot warmer, the portion of the floor of the vehicle is hinged and adapted to be
raised as shown in dotted lines 1-1 in Figure 30, in which case the occupants of
the vehicle may rest their feet upon the top of the muffler box.
The devices for steering the vehicle, shown in Figures 33, 34, and 35, are as
follows: To the upper end of each fork 97 supporting a front wheel 1, is a hinging
part 150, into which fits a companion part 151, the two parts being hinged together
at 152. The parts 151 constitute sockets, from which two sockets extend tubular
bars 153, connected by a cross bar 154. The part 150 is provided with an interior
shoulder 155 which forms the nut for a set screw 156. The set screw 156 is adapted
to fit under the shoulder of the part 151, and by its adjustment to regulate the
angle at which the bars 153 shall stand for the convenient use of the person
steering the vehicle. The part 151 is provided with a curved shoulder 157, which
fits over the exterior or circumference of the sides 158 of the part 150. The
bars 153 are each secured to a part 151 by means of a pin 159. Each bar 153
has, at its inner end, a yoke 160 having a pin 161 fitting in the tubular bar 153,
and having a small pin or projection 162, which passes through a curved slot 163
cut in the tubular bar 153. The cross bar 154 fits in between the sides of the two
yokes 160, and is held therein by bolts 164. The construction is such that, as the
cross bar 153 is shifted to adjust the wheels 1 in the act of guiding, the said

page_text: bar 153 will preserve its parallelism by reason of the jointing of the bolts 164;
while its horizontal position is maintained by reason of the pivotal movement
allowed the pins 161 in the tubular bars 153 through the medium of the curved
slots 163, in which the pins or projections 162 are allowed to travel in the said
pivotal movement of the pins 161. It will be understood that the shifting of the
bar 154 to the right or left will produce the necessary steering effect, by the
inclination given to the wheels 1.
165 represents a brake lever having its fulcrum in the bearing 166 secured
under the flooring. The handle 167 is within convenient reach of the driver of
the vehicle. The lower or operative end 168 of the lever, is normally held up
from contact with the ground by means of a spring 169. In Figure 30, the
brake lever is shown in inoperative position, and in operative position by dotted
lines.
In the use of this vehicle, the friction clutch must first be adjusted so as to be
out of gear; when the motor may be started in the usual manner. It will be
necessary to give the crank several turns by hand by using the handles 114, in
order to start the engine. When the engine has been found to be in satisfactory
working condition, which will be reached after perhaps half a dozen revolutions,.
the friction clutch is thrown in gear, when the vehicle will be propelled. The
steering devices described allow of convenient guiding, while the large
pneumatic tyres adapt the wheels for passage over rough or soft earth, while at
the same time they dispense with the use of springs. Thus, the occupants of the
vehicle, and it and its motor and adjuncts, are relieved from unpleasant or
destructive shock.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. The combination, with a wheeled vehicle, of an explosive propelling engine
having a cylinder one end of which is used as both a compression and a combustion
chamber, a reservoir for oil, a duct for admitting mingled fluid and air to the
cylinder behind its piston, means for transmitting power from the engine to the
wheels of the vehicle, and means for firing the charge behind the pistou, after due
compression, and exhausting the products of combustion, substantially as set
forth.
2. The combination, with a wheeled vehicle, of an explosive propelling engine
having a cylinder one end of which is used both as a compression and a combustion
chamber, a reservoir for oil, a duct for admitting fluid mixed with air to the
cylinder behind its piston, a valve in said duct within the control of the rider,
means for transmitting power from the engine to the wheels of the vehicle, and
means for firing the charge behind the piston after due compression, and exhausting
the products of combustion, substantially as set forth.
3. The combination with a vehicle having wheels provided with elastic tyres,
of an explosive compression propelling engine, in which the power to effect the
compression of the charge is obtained by momentum due to the weight of the
rider, said engine comprising a cylinder and a piston, the space within the cylinder
behind the piston constituting both a compression and a combustion chamber, a
reservoir for oil, a duct for admitting oil directly to the cylinder, a pipe for
admitting air to said duct, a direct connection between the piston of the cylinder
and a crank of the driving wheel of the vehicle, and means for firing the charge
after due compression and for exhausting the products of combustion, substantially
as set forth.
4. The combination, with a vehicle having wheels provided with elastic tyres,
of an explosive compression propelling engine, in which the power to effect the
compression of the charge is obtained by momentum due to the weight of the rider,
said engine comprising a cylinder and a piston, the space within the cylinder
behind the piston constituting both a compression and a combustion chamber, a

page_text: reservoir for oil, a duct for admitting oil directly to the cylinder, a pipe for
admitting air to said duct, a direct connection between the piston of the cylinder
and a crank of the driving wheel of the vehicle, an electric battery, wires and
fixed and movable contacts for effecting ignition of the charge behind the piston.
after the compression, upon the separation of the contacts, and means for exhausting.
the products of combustion, substantially as set forth.
5. In a wheeled vehicle, an explosive propelling engine comprising a cylinder
supported in a horizontal position behind the rear axle by means of an extension
of said cylinder at the end adjacent to the said axle and a brace extending.
obliquely upward from the opposite end of said cylinder to a higher portion of the
vehicle frame, substantially as described.
6. In a wheeled vehicle, a propelling cylinder open at its forward and closed at
its rear end and provided with an extension for loose connection with the rear axle,.
and a brace attaching the rear end of said cylinder to a higher portion of the
vehicle frame, substantially as described.
7. The combination, with a wheeled vehicle, of an explosive propelling engine-
having a cylinder one end of which is used both as a compression and a combustion
chamber, a reservoir for oil, a duct for admitting mingled fluid and air to the-
cylinder back of its piston, gear wheels adapted to transmit rotary movement from
the engine shaft to the shaft of the driving wheel of the vehicle, and means for
firing the charge back of the piston, after due compression, and exhausting the
products of combustion, substantially as set forth.
8. In a wheeled vehicle, an explosive propelling engine comprising a cylinder
supported between the front and rear axles of the vehicle below the seat and
secured in such position to the vehicle frame, substantially as described.
9. In a wheeled vehicle, an explosive propelling engine comprising a cylinder
open at the lower and closed at the upper end and provided at the lower end with.
extensions constituting bearings for the engine shaft, said cylinder being secured
to the vehicle frame, and the engine shaft being geared to a supporting wheel of
the vehicle, substantially as described.
10. In combination with a vehicle frame having a vertical and upper and lower-
bars, an explosive engine secured to said frame parallel with the vertical bar in
the space between the upper and lower bars, and having its shaft geared to a
supporting wheel of the vehicle, substantially as described.
11. A vehicle provided with an explosive propelling engine and having on the
propelling wheel a pneumatic tyre of the described extra large diameter, whereby
to avoid slipping or stalling, to increase traction and to obtain the effect of a spring
for the protection of the more delicate parts of the motor from shock, substantially
as set forth.
12. The combination with the shaft of a propelling wheel, of a pair of explosive-
engine cylinders whose pistons are connected with the said shaft, and a frame
having top braces extended behind the seat to the rear ends of the engine.
cylinders and cross braced at or near the rear ends of said braces, substantially
as described.
13. A bearing piece having a shaft bearing therein and provided with one or
more horns integral therewith, in combination with a brace or braces of a vehicle
frame secured to said horn or horns, substantially as set forth.
14. A bearing piece having a shaft bearing therein and a seat for an engine.
cylinder behind said bearing, in combination with such cylinder provided with a
projecting tongue seated in said bearing piece, substantially as described.
15. A bearing piece having a shaft bearing therein, and provided with one or
more horns in front of said bearing and a seat for the front end of an engine.
cylinder behind said bearing, in combination with a brace or braces of a vehicle
frame secured to said horn or horns, an engine cylinder having a projecting tongue
seated on said bearing piece, a brace extending to the rear end of said cylinder,
and connections between the last mentioned and the before mentioned braces,.
substantially as described.

page_text: 16. In combination with an explosive propelling engine, a hollow vehicle frame
having a valve controlled pipe connection with said engine, so that said frame
forms part of the combustible fluid reservoir, substantially as described.
17. In combination with an explosive engine, a hollow vehicle frame having a
valve controlled pipe connection with said engine, so that said frame forms part of
the combustible fluid reservoir, and also provided with a can opening into the
hollow part of said frame, substantially as described.
18. In combination with an explosive engine cylinder, a hollow brace having a
mechanical connection with said cylinder for upholding the said cylinder, and also
a valve controlled pipe connection with said cylinder, substantially as described.
19. The combination with wheels, axles, a frame between the wheels, and an
explosive engine cylinder mechanically connected in front with a bearing of one
of the said axles, of an inclined hollow brace mechanically connected with the rear
end of said cylinder and forming a rearward continuation of said frame, said brace
having also a valve controlled pipe connection with said cylinder, substantially as
described.
20. The two top braces, the cross piece, and the valve on said cross piece, in
combination with the wheels and main frame of a vehicle, and an explosive
propelling engine whose fluid supply is controlled by said valve, substantially as
described.
21. The combination with a wheeled vehicle, and an explosive propelling engine,
of a flexible valve rod supported at one end on the handle bar or guiding means
of said vehicle and there provided with a handle within reach of the rider,
substantially as described.
.
22. The combination of the needle valve, with the other parts-as the
cylinder, piston, inlet and exhaust valves, of an explosive engine, substantially
as described.
23. The combination with a wheeled vehicle, of a needle valve, arranged at the
back of the vehicle, a flexible valve rod extending forward in continuation of the
needle of said valve to within reach of the rider, and the parts-as the cylinder,
piston, inlet and exhaust valves-which make, with the said needle valve, an
explosive propelling engine, substantially as described.
24. The cylinder of steel tubing having the end cut away to form a tongue, and
provided with a head which carries the inlet and exhaust valves and reinforces the
explosive end of said cylinder, substantially as described.
25. The cylinder of steel tubing having the end cut away to form a tongue, and
provided with a head which carries the inlet and exhaust valves and reinforces the
explosive end of said cylinder, in combination with supports for upholding the said
cylinder, through said tongue and said head, substantially as described.
26. The combination with a cylinder of steel tubing having the end cut away to
leave a tongue of curved cross section, of a support having a seat for said tongue
of corresponding curvature, substantially as described.
27. The combination in a wheeled vehicle, with two cylinders and the driving
axle, the latter supporting the ioner ends of said cylinders, of a cross piece
connecting the outer ends of said cylinders, substantially as set forth.
28. The combination with the pitman of a propelling engine, and the cranked
axle, of a bushing interposed between the end of said pitman and the crank pin,
and provided with internal and external flanges which overlap said parts,
respectively, substantially as described.
29. The combination, with a wheeled vehicle, of two engine cylinders on
opposite sides of a wheel, supports for the front ends of said cylinders, top braces
connected with the rear ends of said cylinders, and a cross piece connecting the
rear ends of the cylinders with each other, and forming a brace between them,
substantially as described.
30. The combination, with two engine cylinders, of a chambered cross piece
between them, and the ignition tubes in said cross piece, substantially as described.
31. The combination, with two engine cylinders, of a chambered cross piece

page_text: between them, and the burners supported on said cross piece with their flame ends
within the same, substantially as described.
32. The combination, with two engine cylinders, of a chambered cross piece
between them, the ignition tubes in said cross piece, and the burners supported ou
said cross piece with their flame ends within the same, substantially as described.
33. The combination of two engine cylinders, the top braces connected with the
rear ends of said cylinders, the supports for the ends of said cylinders, the
chambered cross piece between them, and devices for effecting the explosion-such
as the ignition tubes and burners within said cross piece, substantially as
described.
34. The combination of the two engine cylinders, the chainbered cross piece
between them, and devices for effecting the explosion-such as the ignition tubes
and burners within said cross piece, substantially as described.
35. The combination, with two engine cylinders, of the cross piece between said
cylinders, a rock bar pivoted to said cross piece, valve connections at opposite ends
of said rock bar, and valves operated by said connections, substantially as
described.
36. The combination of the engine cylinders, the chambered cross piece between
the cylinders, explosion devices-such as ignition tubes and burners-within said
cross piece, a rock bar pivoted to said cross piece, valve connections at opposite
ends of said rock bar, and valves operated by said connections, substantially as
described.
37. A valve for au explosive engine, consisting of a chambered body with the
opening and seat for the valve disc in a partition between the chambers, a lateral
opening the full diameter of said valve disc provided with a closure, and an
elongated hollow cylindrical extension, in connection with the valve disc, stem, and
spring, substantially as described.
38. The combination with the cylinder, and other parts of an explosion engine,
of one or more valves cach consisting of a chambered body with the opening and
seat for the valve disc in a partition between the chambers, a lateral opening the
full diameter of said valve disc provided with a closure, and an elongated hollow
cylindrical extension, in connection with the valve disc, stem and spring, substantially
as described.
39. The combination with the two engine cylinders, of the automatic inlet
valves, spring-held inwardly opening exhaust valves, the valve rods and tappets,
und the rock bar between the said rods, substantially as described.
40. The combination with the two engine cylinders, and the inlet valves, of the
explosive mixture pipe between the said valves, and means for admitting air and
delivering a regulated supply of combustible fluid into said pipe, substantially as
described.
41. The combination with a wheeled vehicle, and a double cylinder propelling
engine having au inlet valve for each cylinder, of the explosive mixture pipe
between the inlet valves, and means for admitting air and delivering a regulated
supply of combustible fluid into said pipe, the said means including a handle within
the rider's reach for regulating the supply for both cylinders, substantially as
described.
42. The combination, with a wheeled vehicle, of the double cylinder propelling
engine having the cylinders supported at their front and rear ends and connected at
their rear ends by a cross piece, the pinion and valve gear, the valve rods, the rock
bar pivoted on said cross piece, and the means for operating the exhaust valve
through said valve rods and rock bar, substantially as described.
43. The combination with a wheeled vehicle, of the double cylinder explosive
propelling engine of the compression type, having its pistons connected with
similarly disposed cranks, said vehicle being itself too light to compress the
explosive mixture by its inomentuin, and being without appliances for supplying
the power for said compression, the weight of the rider being solely relied upon to
store power for effecting compression, substantially as described.

page_text: 44. The combination of the wheels, frame, engine cylinders, cross pieces, valves,
valve operating means, and explosion dévices, such as ignition tubes and burners,
said frame having hollow top braces connected by a cross piece, the fluid delivery
valve being arranged in one cross piece, and explosion devices being placed in
another cross piece which is chambered, substantially as described.
45. In an explosive engine, the combination of a cylinder formed of a thin body
adapted to rapidly radiate heat, and means for admitting oil and air directly behind
the piston, whereby the want of capacity of the cylinder to store heat, and the loss
of heat due to the conversion of the oil, within the cylinder, from a liquid to a
gaseous state, and the volatilization of the oil by admixture with air, shall cool the
cylinder and render unnecessary other and ordinary means for that purpose,
substantially as set forth.
46. In an explosive engine, a cylinder having a closed end and an open end, the
latter being formed into legs or projections adapted to form a part of the support
of the cylinder, and also of bearings for the driving shaft, substantially as set forth.
47. In an explosive engine, a cylinder having a closed end and an open end, the
latter being formed into legs or projections to aid in the support of the cylinder,
and serving in part to support the driving shaft, combined with means for attaching
said cylinder to a base or bed plate, said means also serving, in part, to sustain
said driving shaft, substantially as set forth.
48. In a wheeled vehicle, the combination of a motor operated by the explosion
of a mixture of fluid and air, and tubular exhaust pipes leading from the motor to
parts of the vehicle in contact with, or in proximity to, the hands and feet of the
rider of the vehicle, substantially as set forth.
49. In a wheeled vehicle, a motor operated by the explosion cf a mixture of
fluid and air, and tubular connections reaching from the motor to parts of the
machine in contact with, or in close proximity to, the hands and feet of the rider,
combined with a cock in the exhaust pipe whereby the exhaust, instead of being
distributed throughout the machine, as specified, may be discharged directly into
the open air, substantially as set forth.
50. In a valve of the character described, the chamber having branches a and b,
neck 70, seated partition c, shank or cylindrical extension 71 having bearings f
and, and the screw cap e combined with the valve 76, valve stem 75, nut 73 and
helical spring 95, substantially as set forth.
51. A four wheeled vehicle having pneumatic tyres of enlarged size, combined
with a motor and gear for transmitting the power of said motor to a driving axle
of the vehicle, substantially as set forth.
52. A four wheeled vehicle having pneumatic tyres of enlarged size, combined
with a motor and gear for transmitting the power of the motor to a driving axle of
the vehicle, and a self adjusting steering device within the control of the driver of
the vehicle, substantially as set forth.
53. A four wheeled vehicle having pneumatic tyres of enlarged size, combined
with an explosive engine, means for admitting fluid and air thereto, inlet and
exhaust valves, gear for transmitting the power of the motor to a driving axle of
the vehicle and means for firing or exploding the compressed charge within the
cylinders of the motor, substantially as set forth.
54. A four wheeled vehicle combined with an explosive engine motor, and with
a device for receiving the exhausted products of combustion therefrom, and adapted
to serve as a foot warmer, substantially as set forth.
55. In a wheeled vehicle, a frame, a body, a pair of rear wheels, each wheel of
the pair being mounted in a fork of the frame independently of the other, and a
pair of front wheels, each wheel of said pair being mounted and swivelled in a head
independently of the other, combined with a flexibly jointed steering device con-
necting said forks and adapted to be brought within the reach of the driver of the
vehicle, substantially as set forth.
56. In a sell-propelled wheeled vehicle, a frame, a body, rear driving wheels and
front steering wheels, combined with a motor, means for transmitting power from

page_text: the motor to the rear driving wheels, a shaft intermedinte of the crank shaft of
the motor and the driving wheels, wheels on said shaft forming a part of the
power-transmitting mechanism, and adapted to be driven by said shaft and to be
automatically disengaged therefrom so as to run independently thereof, a clutch
device, also mounted on said shaft, for connecting or disconnecting a part
revolved by the motor with or from a wheel transmitting rotation to the driving
wheels, and a starting and stopping lever connected with said clutch device,
within control of the driver of the vehicle, substantially as set forth.
Dated this 11th day of December 1895.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant..