IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR BREAKING OR CRUSHING STONE, ORE AND SIMILAR MATERIALS
Year: 1884

page_text: I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co, Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex do hereby declare the nature
of my Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR BREAKING OR CRUSHING
STONE, ORE AND SIMILAR MATERIALS" and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This Invention relates to machines for breaking or crushing stone, ore, or similar
materials by a giratory revolving crusher head working within a flaring concave;
and comprises certain combinations of parts whereby the machine described in the
Specification of former Letters Patent granted to me and dated May 7th A.D. 1881
No 1995 is rendered more efficient and convenient of repair, less costly, and more
enduring in its main parts.
In the accompanying Drawing,
°
Figure 1 is a vertical central section of a stone breaker or rock and ore crusher
constructed according to this Invention.
Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5 are horizontal sectional views of details of the same;
Figure 2 being taken on the line x, x; Figure 3 on the line y y; Figure 4 on the
line zz; and Figure 5 on the line ¹¹ of Figure 1.
In Figure 1, A indicates the outer hollow casting constituting the body or middle
section; A¹ the base or foundation section, and A3 the top or concave crushing
section of a stone breaker or rock and ore crusher, mounted on sills, or other
suitable structure.
The main section A is provided with a cast metal inclined chute-diaphragm B
which is faced on the top with chilled or hardened metal b; and this chute is cast
separate from the body section A and is screwed or bolted to an internal projecting
rib 6 formed on the inner periphery of the said section. The rib is inclined down-
ward correspondingly as the chute is inclined. The hard metal facing b is screwed
to the top of the chute and can be removed and new facing substituted when'
necessary; and the chute, when it becomes broken or unsuitable for the work'
Prine Bd1

page_text: required, can be removed and its place supplied by a new one. The chute is formed
with a collar-bearing flange B₁ some distance below the crusher head, the' said
flange projecting from its upper surface. On this flange is applied the horizontally
moving collar e for excluding small particles of stone and dirt from the machinery
below the chute-diaphragm, the same as described in the said former Specification.
The base section A¹ of the frame is formed with a flanged removable bottom
plate a, and this plate can, by taking out the screws c which fasten it in place, be
removed so as to allow access to the interior of the section A¹ from a position
below the same; and thus the lower ends of parts working in the said section can
be repaired, cleaned or otherwise attended to when required without taking out
the crusher shaft C.
The oil step box or chamber D in which the excentric E revolves is made quite
stout and chambered to receive a stout flanged bearing metal boxing d which, when
worn too much, can be removed and. replaced by a new one. Outside this box but
within the metal forming the oil step box are formed the oil channels f for
circulation of the lubricating material about the step block or bar g of the shaft C.
Within the boxing of the step box the tubular excentric bearing E is fitted to
revolve, it being keyed to, or otherwise suitably united with, the bevel driving
wheel G which is mounted upon the oil-step-box so that it, with the excentric
bearing E, is suspended thereon by the horizontal flange of the said excentric
bearing. The excentric, at its thicker portion, is provided with a segmental hard
metal portion f which is fitted upon the periphery of the excentric bearing E,
being either cast into a recess f³ or fitted and confined by screws in said recess
after being first cast of proper form for the purpose. This hard metal portion is
placed where the greatest wear or strain comes upon the excentric, and when it
becomes too much worn it can be removed and a new piece substituted therefor,
thus avoiding the greater expense of renewing the whole excentric bearing.
Through the upper portion of the excentric oil channels f³ are formed and
these lead to the top surface of the oil step box beneath the flange of the
excentric. The oil supplied is carried by centrifugal force to the depressed annular
groove which is united with the channels f. Around the entrance to the
channels a loose horizontal sliding conical collar G¹ is provided and through its
side feed or supply passages gs are formed while around the annular groove and
upper ends of the channels f a fixed guard flange is provided for preventing oil
escaping over the upper edge of the step box. The oil channels, the loose collar,
the flange on the excentric, the bevel wheel, and the loose oil feeding collar are
similar to those described in the said former Specification. The crusher shaft is
fitted with its lower journal end C¹ in the circular bore of the excentric bearing E
and revolves in the same. Its revolution is very slow and in a reverse direction of
the rapidly revolving amotion of the excentric.
The revolution of the shaft is due to resistance offered to the crusher head H by
the substance being crushed in the concave I, and this resistance causes it, with the
crusher head, to slowly recede or turn back while it is being gyrated. The
material is then impacted against the concave by the force of the rotary excentric
upou the shaft and crusher head. This continuous rotary wedging action is also
similar to that produced by the parts described in the said former Specification.
The lower end of the shaft C is faced with or has sunk into, or fitted upon it, a
hard metal or steel wearing plate J for the step block or bar to bear against; by
this means the shaft at its journal end, can be repaired in case of becoming too
much worn, by removing the worn out wearing plate, and substituting a new plate.
Thus the necessity for removing this heavy shaft and its crusher head is avoided,
for the removable bottom plate can be unscrewed and taken away and thus admit
of access to the oil step box from below it.
The step bar g or block is packed by means of a screw-plate K which is
chambered and filled with suitable packing material which prevents the escape of
oil at the bottom of the oil step box. The step bar g is notched at its lower end
and suspended by a lever L pivotted upon the sills of the section A¹ of the frame

page_text: and operated by means of a hand screw M also applied upon sills of the frame as
shown, or in any other suitable manner. The packing plates may be applied in
connection with a step bar acting directly upon the plate of the crusher shaft; or a
step block may be first acted upon by the step bar, and the step block then act
against the wearing plate. The wearing plate, packing plate and lever and screw
adjusting devices, together with the removable bottom plate of the oil step box,
make a very useful and convenient combination, both for repair and adjustment of
the very heavy and hard tasked machinery. The chilled metal crusher head F is
formed with rings N at the top and bottom of the eye, and these rings are made of
common cast iron or other suitably metal which can be turned in a lathe..
The bore or eye of these rings is made on a slight taper upward or flares
downward, while between the rings the crusher head has its eye of either circular
or polygonal shape and tapered upward. The rings N are cast separate from the
crusher head, and turned with the proper taper; they are then fitted into the
mould in which the chilled head is to be cast, and the metal for forming the said
head is then poured around them. The rings need not be bored before being
placed in the mould; for the head with the rings in it may be placed in a lathe
and the rings bored on a taper while in the circular head. This latter mode is
preferred.
When the casting process of the crusher head is completed, the metal in cooling
shrinks around the rings and holds them with a firm grip. When the head has.
the rings N provided in its eye, there is a chamber for soft packing metal formed
for a purpose presently described. The crusher shaft at the place where the
crusher head is applied to it is made with a much greater diameter than the end.
portions, in order to prevent it springing or bending and to strengthen it; and the
bearing surface n of this portion is almost cylindrical, being turned true with a
slight taper corresponding to the taper of the lower ring N. Above this bearing.
surface n the shaft is polygonal in horizontal section, and tapering in vertical
section; and, if desired, the vertical corners may be broken at intervals to form
steps. Above this pyramidal portion another almost cylindrical turned bearing
surface n¹, smaller in diameter than bearing surface n, is formed below the journal
bearing box R of the crusher shaft.
The crusher head and shaft constructed as described are united by slipping the
crusher head over the upper end of the shaft. When the head is thus applied the
taper bearing surfaces n n¹ will prevent the head descending beyond a desired
distance upon the shaft, and the nicest possible fit will be secured and maintained
while the packing will be saved from being crushed.
Packing metal n³ of zinc is poured into the chamber between the crusher head
and shaft and rings through an, aperture n' formed in the upper ring. Should the
inner surface of the eye of the crusher head be round, it may be provided with
longitudinal grooves n and the metal of the. packing, by being poured into these.
grooves, will be kept from turning when the machine is operating. A polygonal
or other irregular shape of the inner surface of the eye of the crusher head would
serve the same purpose as the grooves. Grooves no similar to those n* may also be
provided in the periphery of the bushing rings N for metal to flow into and serve
as stops against the revolution of the rings.
Above the upper ring on shaft C, a screw thread Q is formed, and on this thread
a jam nut q is screwed, so that any tendency of the crusher head to rise under
extraordinary resistance shall be prevented. A key through the shaft, or a
clasping collar forming a stop above the crusher head might be adopted in place of
the screw and nut, but the nut and screw are far preferable to either of the other
plans.
The upper bearing of gyration and rotation for the crusher is formed by making
a cylindrical box R upon the cap of the section A of the frame with movable
bearing lining fitted therein; and giving a circular tapered or truncated conical
form to the shaft at C. The bearing may be of white or chilled metal or any
quitable durable metal, and it may be cast in segmental sections or in one piece;

page_text: The diameter of its bore is equal at all points to the largest or base diameter of the
conical journal and larger at all other points than any other portion of the said
journal. In fitting this lining to the box R there may be a space provided between
its upper end and the top of the box R, in order to admit of its rising when the
shaft C with crusher head is raised to regulate the size to which the machine shall
break or crush the material to be operated upon.
It might in some cases be advisable to have the box R answer as the bearing,
without the lining, in which construction the cylindrical bearing chamber of this
box R would be of a smaller diameter than shown, in order to ensure contact
between the conical journal C and the box at a certain point when the operation
of breaking stone is being performed. The taper which is imparted to the journal C
might be imparted to the bearing surface of the bearing box, in which construction
the journal would be made cylindrical instead of conical.
It will be understood that the tapering journal C2 at one portion of its periphery
will stand parallel and in contact with the vertical surface of the bearing r as at c³
on account of the eccentric motion or whenever the eccentric throws the axis of the
shaft out of a vertical line with the horizon, and that while this is so, all other
portions of this journal C will be inclined and out of contact with the bearing r as
indicated at c³.
It will also be understood that the same character of bearing contact between
every other portion of the tapering journal of the shaft C will be secured during
the revolution and gyration of the shaft by the eccentric; but this bearing contact
will not be at the same place upon the bearing r but at different places around its
entire cylindrical surface according as the conical crusher head of the shaft is caused
by the eccentric to move in a conical orbit from the right to the left side of the
machine, and from the left to the right side around the vertical axis of the concave
in which the crushing is performed.
By the construction of the crusher shaft with the taper bearing surfaces n n';
and with the taper journal C; and by fitting the chilled crusher head upon it by
means of taper-bored rings and zinc filling, and having the taper journal C² work
in a cylindrical bearing very great convenience, durability and fixedness of parts
are secured, while the most effective bearings are secured for sustaining the great
resistance offered during the crushing of stone, and much of the expense of making
the hard metal ball and socket bearings is avoided and facilities still afforded for
adjusting the crusher shaft and head.
The crushing concave, the gearing for driving the machine, as well as the general
operation of the machine, and the mode of adjusting the shaft within the frame,
and manipulating the various parts being substantially as described in the said
former Specification they need not be described here.
The improved shaft with the crusher head fitted upon it by taper bored rings
and confined by a nut and screw, and having a steel or hard metal plate applied to
its lower end, and a tapered upper journal end, is applicable to the machine
described in the said former Specification.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
First. The combination of the crusher shaft having the taper journal C³ and the
bearing surfaces n, n¹, the crusher-head having one or more taper bored rings, and
the upper section A³ of the frame having the cylindrical bearing box R, substantially
as and for the purpose, described.
Second. The combination of the crusher shaft having the taper journal C² and
the taper bearing surfaces n and n', the. crusher head having the taper-bored rings,
the nut and screw fastening, and the frame having the cylindrical bearing R,
substantially as-described.
Third. The combination of the removable diaphragm chute, the body section of
the frame, the crusher shaft with the taper journal C and taper bearing
surfaces n, n', the crusher head- with taper bored rings, and zinc packing, and

page_text: the cylindrical bearing box R of the upper section of the frame, substantially as
described.
Fourth. The combination of the crusher shaft having the taper journal C³ and
the taper bearing surfaces n, n¹, and a hard metal wearing plate J, the removable
bottom plate a, the crusher head with taper bored rings, and the bearing box R,
substantially as described.
Fifth. The combination of the described crusher shaft, crusher head, frame,
excentric, and adjusting step bar or block with the packing plate and adjusting
lever and screw substantially as set forth.
Sixth. The combination of the described crusher shaft, crusher head, frame,
excentric and oil step box having a removable stout bearing metal box d
substantially as set forth.
Seventh. The combination of the described crusher shaft, crusher head, oil step
box and excentric with a segmental hard metal piece set into the thicker portion of
its periphery, substantially as set forth.
Eighth. In a stone breaker and ore and rock crusher substantially as described,
providing the crusher shaft with a steel or hard metal facing at its lower end, au
intermediate turned taper bearing for fitting the bored eye of the crusher head, and
a top taper journal for it to gyrate and rotate upon, as described.
Dated this 20th day of May 1884.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
For the Applicant.