matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GUNPOWDER
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Roberts and John Dale
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 20th July 1861.
We, THOMAS ROBERTS and JOHN DALE, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemists, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GUNPOWDER," to be
as follows:-
Our Invention consists in a method of manufacturing gunpowder, whereby
we are enabled to use nitrate of soda in place of or in combination with nitrate
of potash, and the principle we proceed upon is to add thereto a substance
which will effloresce so as to correct the tendency of the other material or
materials to become moist; of these substances, we mention for example the
anhydrous sulphates of soda and magnesia.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WATCHES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cole and Joseph Cole at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
22nd June 1861.
We, JOHN COLE and JOSEPH COLE, both of Coventry, in the County of
Warwick, Watch Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WATCHES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to obtain by a simple arrangement of driving
gear an independent dead centre seconds' movement. In adapting our Inven-
tion to an ordinary watch, we mount an extra pinion of twenty teeth on an
arbor that projects through the pillar plate. This pinion gears into the fourth
wheel, and receives motion therefrom for the purpose of driving the arbor,
which carries loosely at its upper end a second pinion of twenty teeth. This
second pinion is made hollow to receive a collet and spring, by which the
pinion is secured to the arbor in such a manner, that whereas the rotation of
the arbor is continuous, that of the pinion may be intermittent. To obtain
this intermittent motion, there is attached to the hollow pinion a cylinder wheel
of ten teeth, and to the pallet pinion pivot (which comes through the pillar
plate) a cylinder or relieving plate, which acts on the cylinder wheel. The
continuous rotation of this relieving pallet will cause the alternate retention
and release of the cylinder wheel, and thus enable it to rotate only by
pulsations. These pulsations are communicated to a centre seconds' hand

page_text: carried by a centre seconds' wheel of sixty teeth in gear with the hollow
pinion. To stop the action of this gearing, we provide a long pin, which may
be thrown into contact with the hollow pinion, and will then stop its rotation,
the spring contained within it slipping round without it.
AN IMPROVED FIRE ESCAPE
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Clarke, of 16, Gresham Place, Camberwell
Lane, in the County of Surrey, Clerk of Works, for the Invention of
"AN IMPROVED FIRE ESCAPE."
Sealed the 20th May 1862, and dated the 25th November 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Clarke at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
November 1861.
I, GEORGE CLARKE, of 16, Gresham Place, Camberwell Lane, in the County
of Surrey, Clerk of Works, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED FIRE ESCAPE," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in the formation of a balcony of sheet iron, and the
application thereof to a window in such manner that it shall be capable of
containing a few persons, and lowering them to the ground safely in case of
fire. The. balcony is furnished with an ornamental railing for the purpose of
security to plants, or for other purposes, and beneath its floor a receptacle of
sheet iron is attached by bolts and a framework of angle iron. The floor con-
sisting of two lids hinged to the sides of the balcony, and meeting together
when closed, so as to form a floor. The whole apparatus is kept in position
by means of two chains to which it is suspended, and which pass over pulleys
and down to the lower part of the building, where counterweights are attached

page_text: to them. The chains are concealed from view by being placed in flues or
apertures built in the wall of a new house, or in an old house they could work
in cast-iron stack pipes, fixed either on the face of the wall or in a chase cut
into it.
In case of fire the lids of the apparatus are to be opened, and the persons
are to enter and descend to the ground; the motion of the apparatus being
facilitated by the application of rollers, which act against the wall of the house,
or any auxiliary means may be employed to aid or regulate the descent of the
apparatus by operating upon the chains. The lids being closed would protect
the persons from injury by fire during their descent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CIRCULAR KNITTING FRAMES OR MACHINES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Wright at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd March
1861.
I, FREDERICK WRIGHT, of Graham Street, in the Borough of Leicester,
Overlooker, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN CIRCULAR KNITTING FRAMES OR MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in circular knitting frames
or machines. For these purposes in order to produce slack courses of work an
additional loop wheel is used with the ordinary loop wheel. This additional
loop wheel is shallower, and enters much further between the needles than an
ordinary loop wheel. It is also of a somewhat coarser gauge at the
circumference.
During the manufacture of the ordinary work the ordinary loop wheel is in
action, and the slack-course wheel is caused to stand clear. When the time.
comes for making slack courses the machine is stopped, and the thread broken.
The slack-course wheel is then brought forward until its teeth sink deeply
between the needles. A thread is then drawn through a guide close to the
slack-course wheel, and the machine is turned round slowly until it has com-
pleted one revolution. The peculiar construction of the slack-course wheel
enables it to sink so far through the needles as to make the loop of the length
desired, in fact, long enough for a slack course. When the machine has
made one complete revolution the slack course is made. The slack course

page_text: wheel is then withdrawn, and the thread broken. A thread is then introduced
into the guide belonging to the ordinary wheel, and the machine then goes on
making the ordinary work.
Instead of the slack-course wheel here described, a slack course may be
produced by the use of a wheel commonly called an eccentric wheel. It is so
contrived that short teeth or jacks are pushed out further than the ordinary
circumference of the wheel, and then drawn back again. The production of a
slack course of work in circular machines will be found very useful in the
manufacture of knitted shirts, waistcoats, hose, caps, and other knitted articles
and garments.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DIGGING AND CULTIVATING THE SOIL AND IN STEAM ENGINES CONNECTED THEREWITH, AND FOR OTHER AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John William Wilson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
October 1861.
I, JOHN WILLIAM WILSON, of Barnsley, in the County of York, Timber
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DIGGING AND CULTIVATING THE SOIL AND IN STEAM
ENGINES CONNECTED THEREWITH, AND FOR OTHER AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES," to be
as follows:-
My improvements in machinery for digging and cultivating the soil consist
of a revolving shaft furnished with an eccentric connected by links to crank
shafts, to which are attached spades and picks in such a manner that the
spades and picks enter and are drawn out of the soil at any angle to its
surface, whereby the operations of loosening and turning the soil are effected
with less power and more effectually than heretofore. The picks and spades
may be used combined or separately, and they are so arranged that when used
in combination the picks enter the soil in advance of the spades, and the
width of the spades and the depth they enter the soil can be regulated so as to
bring the subsoil to the surface or only to loosen and agitate the soil. When
the machinery is not in operation the eccentric is moved into such a position
that the picks and spades are raised above the level of the soil.
My improvements in steam engines for agricultural purposes consist in
mounting the bearing wheels on bushes through which the crank shaft works.
The leading or guiding wheels are acted upon by a steering apparatus con-

page_text: sisting of a worm and worm wheel and a pinion and sector or other equivalent
arrangement of parts. The speed of the engine is reduced to suit the speed of
the bearing wheels by a counter shaft which is driven from the crank shaft by
pulleys and chains or by gearing, and the counter shaft is provided with a set
of differential wheels for equalising the action of the chains or gearing in going
round curves.
When the above improvements are combined, the strap with the spades and
picks is turned round from the crank shaft of the steam engine by a chain or
chains and pulleys or by toothed gearing, or by other suitable means. The
improved steam engine may be employed for any other agricultural purposes.
AN IMPROVED ELECTRO-THER- MOMETRICAL ALARUM
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hyppolite Auguste Balsac at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th June 1861.
I, HYPPOLITE AUGUSTE BALSAC, Gentleman, of Paris, France, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED ELECTRO-THER-
MOMETRICAL ALARUM," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to an improved alarum for indicating fires or other
accidents or purposes by which an increase in temperature takes place so as
to act on a thermometer connected with the alarum, the latter being set in
motion at a suitable degree of heat by means of this thermometer, and by the
electric current of a galvanic battery.
For this purpose a mercury thermometer is made use of, in the upper part
of the glass tube of which a platinum wire is introduced, the lower end of
which may, by a set screw or other suitable means, be set at the required
distance apart from the level of the mercury, in such manner that whenever
the increase of temperature causes the mercury to rise sufficiently for coming.
in direct contact with the platinum wire, the electric current being formed,
the alarum interposed in this circuit will be caused to act; the above-
mentioned set screw is at one end in metallic contact with the platinum wire,.
and at the other end with one of the pole wires of a suitable galvanic battery,.
while the other pole wiro of this latter is connected with another platinum

page_text: wire passing air-tight through the lower part of the thermometer so as to be
there constantly in metallic contact with the mercury. Any alarum worked
by an electric current may be made use of for my purpose, when properly
interposed in the electric circuit.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING SHIPS, BOATS, AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Macgregor Skinner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
September 1861.-A communication from abroad by Colonel Philip
Kearney Macgregor Skinner, Judge Advocate General of the Bombay
Army, resident at Poonah, India.
I, ARTHUR MACGREGOR SKINNER, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim,
Captain in the Royal Navy, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for." IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING SHIPS, BOATS, AND OTHER VESSELS,"
(communicated to me from abroad by Colonel Philip Kearney Macgregor
Skinner, Judge Advocate General of the Bombay Army, resident at Poonah,
India,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in propelling ships, boats, and other vessels by
means of a new propeller working on a vertical axis and placed within the
timbers, one on each side of the midship section of the ship. The centre
of the propeller is circular and solidly constructed of wood and iron with.a.
transverse opening to admit of an iron or strong wooden blade or float
traversing to and fro; its axle is vertical, terminating in a conical point
working in an iron cup resting on the bottom of the ship, being placed
eccentrically within an immovable elliptical iron ring above and below, so
that as the propeller revolves on its axis the blade or float traverses to and
fro through the transverse opening in consequence of its edges moving round
in contact with the inside of the elliptical ring, the blade or float acting

page_text: like an oar in the water, being wholly or partially immersed according to
the trim of the ship, the blade or float is hung on suspension bars and
traverses to and fro with little or no friction.
The propellers of which there are two, one on each side of tho ship, are
placed at the centre of oscillation, and low down in the ship, they cannot be t
lifted out of water by the pitching and rolling of the ship. When the blade
or float is fully exposed it has a direct propelling power under circumstances
in which slip is prevented by the side of the ship.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PORTABLE BUILDINGS OR STRUCTURES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Gardner at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st April
1861.
I, JAMES GARDNER, of Eversholt Street, in the County of Middlesex, Carver
and Gilder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PORTABLE BUILDINGS OR STRUCTURES," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to construct a portable building without a
single detached part, and which may be stowed for transport or otherwise in a
small compass. The building may be used for a tent, shooting box, dwelling,
and indeed for every purpose for which a building, in the generally accepted
meaning of the term, is applicable.
I construct my portable building as follows:-I hinge together the side and
end posts or uprights, and make either the sides or ends, as the case may be,
to fold, and for the sake of clearness I will simply describe the ends as being
made to fold. I construct a framework between the side posts and fill it up
with light wood or other panels, canvas, or other suitable material, and, if
desired, with one or more plates or sheets of glass in a suitable frame for
admitting light into the interior. To the bottom of the side frames I hinge a
flap, and to one of the frames a bar or beam, which on being let down forms
a bearer for the centre of the flaps to rest upon, while the sides of the flaps
are supported upon a rabbet made for the purpose on the base of the folding
end frames. When the flaps are let down they form a floor for the whole of
the interior of the structure. At a suitable height from the floor I hinge other

page_text: flaps intended to serve as tables, supports for bedding, or otherwise; these flaps
when hinged down, do not project beyond the main uprights. The roof is
formed of two or more flaps with angle pieces hinged to them, and to one
of the flaps a rib is also hinged for giving strength to the structure. The
roof flaps are hinged through intermediate pieces to the top of the side frames.
The end frames are hinged so that they may fold or double up in one
or more parts, the parts being made rigid, when the structure is erected,
by bolts.
In some cases instead of the flaps forming the roof being hinged to the
side frames, they may be hinged to a horizontal beam carried by uprights at
or about the centre of the end frames of the structure.
For peach and orchard houses and horticultural and floricultural buildings
generally, I glaze the roof and upper part of the side and end frames, and
provide for perfect ventilation by hinging the sashes carrying the glass in
such manner that all or any of them may be opened or kept closed at will.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO PREVENT OVERWINDING AT COAL AND OTHER MINES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Copple and Edward Copple
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 31st August 1861.
We, JOHN COPPLE and EDWARD COPPLE, both of Eccleston, near Prescot, in
the County of Lancaster, Watch Movement Manufacturers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO PREVENT
OVERWINDING AT COAL AND OTHER MINES," to be as follows:-
The object of our Invention is to prevent accidents through overwinding at
the mouths of pits and mines, so that the lives of persons engaged in mining
operations may be in less danger, and the property of the coal proprietor
secured against damage.
Our improvements relate, firstly, to a self-acting disengaging apparatus,
which when in use for lifting a cage, tub, or other weight from a pit or mine,
serves as part of the winding rope or connection to the said cage, tub, or
other weight, but which when disengaged by overwinding consists of two
pieces of mechanism, the one of which is attached to the rope, and has arms
kept expanded by springs, the other attached to the cage or tub has the
necessary spaces and studs to receive and secure the arms just mentioned.
The disengaging is secured by having placed in the framing at a sufficient
height above the mouth of the pit or mine two rigid horizontal bars or
shafts, on which move friction rollers at a distance apart just sufficient to
compress the disengaging apparatus, and allow that part to be drawn
through, whilst the other is retained, and carried or supported by, secondly,

page_text: the catching apparatus, which consists of strong rods and bars suspended
from or affixed to the framing, and kept at equal distances apart by springs
or otherwise, the distance being less than the width of the lower part
of the disengaging apparatus. As soon as the uncoupling takes place the
lower part of the apparatus rests on the carrying or supporting bars above
referred to, and the cage, tub, or other weight is thus suspended, and free from
danger. And, thirdly, to a trap-door placed about half way up the framing, as a
further security from accidents; this door is opened by the cage or tub when
wound too high, but as soon as the said cage or tub has passed, and before it
can become disengaged, the said door will have closed, and as it is sufficiently
strong to carry the heaviest load of minerals drawn up pits or mines, this
further security makes our system complete for the purpose first stated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF WOOL
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hutchinson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th June
1861.
I, JOHN HUTCHINSON, of Appleton Lodge, Widnes, near Warrington, in the
County of Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF WOOL," to be
as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates more particularly to the treatment of wool pre-
paratory to its being combed or carded, and consists in applying to the wool.
previous to its being subjected to those processes above mentioned, a mixture
of either vegetable or animal oil and lime water, in lieu of those oils which
are now employed for such purpose, whereby a considerable economy is
effected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPH ALBUMS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st November
1861. A communication from abroad by Claude Mamès Augustin
Marion, Stationer, of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, in the Empiro
of France.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer & Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPH ALBUMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in albums for holding photographic
portraits, the object of which is to facilitate the introduction and removal of
said portrait cards from the frames or cases forming the leaves or divisions of
said albums. At the present time the cards are introduced at an opening, of the
same width as the card, made at the lower part of the leaf, which being made
in the thickness of the card leaves a projecting edge, and renders the picture
difficult of removal. I obviate this disadvantage by covering the projecting
edge with a sheet of paper, which guides the picture card over the projection,
and prevents its catching.
The Invention is illustrated in the Drawing annexed, in which Figs. 1 & 2
show the ordinary arrangement at present in use. a, card forming the leaf of
the album; b, b, sheets of cardboard pasted on the one a; c, c, photographic
pictures, placed back to back between the two pieces of cardboard b, b;
1, d, openings made in cards b, b, by means of which the pictures are
introduced & withdrawn from the case.

page_text: Figs. 3 & 4 represent the improved arrangement according to this Inven-
tion. e, cardboard forming the leaf of the album; f, pieces of card pasted
on e; g, g, openings made in cards f, f, for the introduction and removal of
the photographic cards; h, h, sheets of paper the same size as the leaf of the
album, & covering the lower projecting edges of openings g.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS METERS AND PNEUMATO- METERS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Glover at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st May
1861.
I, GEORGE GLOVER, of 8, Queen Square, Westminster, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS METERS AND PNEUMATO-
METERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in gas meters and pneumato-
meters. For these purposes, in order to construct the registering apparatus
of gas meters and pneumatometers with facility, and to improve their working,
I form each of the side frames which receive and bear the ends of the axes
of the train of wheels of an irregular form with projections thereon to receive
and bear the several ends of the axes of the wheels, each projection being of
such substance and form that it may readily be bent and set in the desired
position, in place of, as heretofore, making the side frames of plates or other
forms having holes in them to receive and bear the ends of the axes of the
wheels, as frames so formed will not admit of the positions of the holes being
readily adjusted, in the event of the plates not being perfectly true in them-
selves or in their relation to each other. The side framings I compose of
an alloy of tin, preferring a compound of tin and antimony, which is not
injuriously acted on by coal gas, and in which at the same time the axles will
work with less friction than in the metals heretofore used.
In order to be able more readily and with greater accuracy to adjust the
position of the pin by which the action of the link or connecting rod communi-

page_text: cates motion to the slide valve of a dry gas meter or pneumatometer, I attach
such valve pin by means of a projecting lug on the valve, the lug being formed
with a slot through it, and the pin is formed with a screw and nut, by which
it is readily slid along the lug to the correct position, and there secured by
the nut.
And also in order to be able to adjust with greater accuracy the position of
the crank or tangent pin to obtain correct measurements, I form the crank
with a slot, and I fix the pin therein by a screw and nut in like manner to the
valve pin above-mentioned:-
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VESSELS OR APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING LUBRICATING MATTER TO MECHANISM
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Luke Stott and Mark
Tomlinson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 19th November 1861.
We, FREDERICK LUKE STOTT, Machine Maker, and MARK TOMLINSON;
Glass Dealer, both of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
VESSELS OR APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING LUBRICATING MATTER TO MECHANISM," to
be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to cups or vessels for supplying oil or other lubri-
cating matter to the journals of shafts and to other mechanism.
The principle upon which our improved apparatus acts is old and well
known, namely, "capillary-attraction;" the lubricating matter first ascending
from the vessel containing it, and then descending to the journal or other
mechanism along a "wick of fibrous material, from which it is delivered in
drops, the quantity being increased or diminished by varying the nature or
thickness of the "wick."
Our Invention consists in combining a glass vessel or cistern for containing
the oil or other lubricating matter with a tube of metal or other suitable
material, or a tube partly of metal and partly of glass; this tube ascending
from the bottom of the interior of the vessel or cistern to nearly the top of it,
being also continued below the bottom for a short lengthe, so as to conduct
the lubricating matter delivered by the wick (which descends the tube) to the

page_text: orifice or communication leading to the journal or other mechanism to be
lubricated. We prefer to construct the glass cistern in the cylindrical form
with the metal tube in its centre, and fitted with a metallic cover, and thus
obtain a combination which prevents the entrance of dirt, is not liable to be
broken with ordinary usage, and which enables it to be readily seen at a
glance when the vessel wants replenishing with oil or other lubricating
matter.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING ROOMS AND BUILDINGS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wainwright at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th October
1861.
I, JOHN WAINWRIGHT, of Connaught Place West, in the County of
Middlesex, Dental Surgeon, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING ROOMS AND BUILDINGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention is for improvements upon one patented by me the 20th
October 1858, No. 2345, and consists, first, in perforating the lower bar of
the lower sash of window frames, and in fitting over the same inside the
window a slide made with perforations and solid parts, in such manner that
the perforations in and solid parts of the slide may be brought entirely or
partially over the apertures in the sash bar. Again, in some cases I receive
the air in a case or trough through apertures in the lower sash bar, and
carry tubes up the side frames, which communicate with the air case;
and I provide outlets in the tubes at various levels. The upper sash frame
remains as described in the Specification of my former Patent. I apply the
arrangements before described to doors and to any other parts of buildings
where it may be desirable to introduce air for ventilating purposes.
THE APPLI- CATION OF STEEL OR IRON TO THE MANUFACTURE OF COLLARS AND WRISTBANDS TO BR WORK AS ARTICLES OF CLOTHING
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Fanshawe Atkinson, of Sheffield, in the
County of York, Steel Manufacturer, for the Invention of "THE APPLI-
CATION OF STEEL OR IRON TO THE MANUFACTURE OF COLLARS AND WRISTBANDS
TO BR WORK AS ARTICLES OF CLOTHING
Sealed the 80th April 1861, and dated the 13th February 1861.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Charles Fanshawe Atkinson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 18th February 1861, pursuant to the 9th Section of
the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
FANSHAWE ATKINSON, of Sheffield, in the County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "THE APPLICATION
OP STEEL OR IRON TO THE MANUFACTURE OP COLLARS AND WRISTBANDS TO BE WORN
AS ARTICLES OF CLOTHING," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the
same, and have made solemn declaration that I believe the same Invention
will be of great public utility, that-I am-the true and first Inventor thereof,
and that the same is not in use by any other person or persons to the best of
my knowledge and belief.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Fanshawe Atkinson, do hereby
declare that the following Complete Specification under my hand and seal,

page_text: fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, in and by the following statement :-
I use steel or iron rolled, or in any other way worked into thin plates of a
shape and size suitable, fastened with bands, pins, or in any other way, and
with a facing or covering of japan, enamel, or other substance, and I apply
steel or iron so worked to the manufacture of collars to be worn round the
neck and on the wrists, to answer the purpose now fulfilled by linen or other
collars or wristbands used in like manner, and my claim is for the use of steel
or iron for this purpose.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Fanshawe Atkinson, have hereto
set my hand and seal, this Ninth day of February, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-one.
CHARLES FANSHAWE ATKINSON. (L.S.)
Witness to the execution
hereof by the said Charles
Fanshawe Atkinson,
HENRY WEBSTER.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN WEAVING TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Chalmers at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th April
1861.
I, DAVID CHALMERS, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WEAVING TEXTILE FABRICS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to a particular mode of weaving textile fabrics in
such manner as to impart increased strength thereto, and it is more particularly
applicable to sail cloths, tarpauling, sacking, pack-sheet, and other generally
similar fabrics.
Under one modification the cloth has woven in it at regular predetermined
distances asunder transverse stripes or narrow widths, which are made much
stronger than the intervening portions of the fabric. Thus in weaving sail
cloth, or other fabric, according to this Invention, the mechanism of the loom is
arranged so that at regular intervals where these stripes are to occur a change
of the shuttle is made, and a certain predetermined number of shoots of weft
of a much stouter quality is thrown in. After this the weaving with the
ordinary weft goes on until the distance is accomplished for the stripe to occur
again; in this way by the alternate use of the ordinary weft and of a heavier
quality, the stripes are introduced at regular intervals, and by simple self-
acting means for effecting the change of the shuttle boxes. Instead of
transverse stripes of plain cloth of a heavier texture the cloth may be twilled
at regular intervals, and the weft beaten up to produce the required thickness

page_text: or degree of strength. Or, instead of transverse stripes of stronger material,
the stripes may be formed longitudinally, or a combination of stripes in both
directions. Fabrics woven in this manner are very greatly increased in point
of strength, and are consequently adapted to withstand a much greater amount
of strain or tension, which, in the case of sail cloth or other generally similar
fabrics, is a point of the utmost importance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PERFORATING PAPER, PARCHMENT, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Martin Baab and Friederich
Otto Thomas at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 4th May 1861.
We, JOHN MARTIN BAAB and FRIEDERICH OTTO THOMAS, both of Gerrard
Street, Soho, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PERFORATING PAPER,
PARCHMENT, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of certain arrangements of mechanism by the means
of which paper, parchment, and other substances may be perforated for the
purpose of separating or dividing the same in a more simple, efficient, and
economical manner than by those hitherto adopted for the same purpose.
We propose employing a suitable table or stand, upon one side of which, at
or about the centre is placed a standard or pillar, into which the end of a
horizontal shaft passes, baving a powerful spring above it, and upon this shaft
are placed two or more cams or eccentrics, which act upon a bar beneath,
having steel pins inserted at intervals the required distance apart. The other
end of the horizontal cam shaft is placed within another support or bearing,
but this bearing is supported by a horizontal arm, the foot of which is secured
to the side of the table near the back, the support or bearing being in a line
with the opposite one for the purpose of allowing large sheets of paper to pass
beneath the arm in any required direction. The cam shaft is provided with
a fly wheel or weighted arms at one end to impart rotary motion to it,
and as the cams depress the bar and pins, so do they pass into corresponding

page_text: holes in a bed beneath, through which, and the pins, the material to be perforated
is passed, the under side of the pinned bar being provided with a thin plate
of metal and springs, so that when the paper is perforated the spring plate
shall release it, the bar being brought up by springs when the cams retire.
An adjustable gauge is also placed at the front of the table for piercing or
perforating any number of picces of material at one and the same distance
from the edge. The pins may be set in several rows, or placed to any design
to which it may be desired to perforate the material.
MENTS IN THE MODE OF PREPARING AND SUBSEQUENTLY TANNING HIDES OR SKINS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Anthony Soupart at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
November 1861.
I, LOUIS ANTHONY SOUPART, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MODE OF PREPARING AND SUBSEQUENTLY TANNING HIDES OR SKINS,"
to be as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in the use of certain apparatus within which the
skins or hides to be operated upon are stretched or suspended, and a continual
current and motion is produced in the tanning solution, which facilitates and
accelerates the operation. .
The apparatus consists of three tubs, vats, or chambers of suitable size,
according to the kind of skins and the quantity to be operated upon; within
the first I introduce the solution of tan obtained by steeping oak in water, or
by any other process; a communication is made by means of a cock and tube
with a second vat or chamber, within which is a frame or box, on which
are stretched and suspended the skins to be operated upon. The tube from
the first vat enters this about the middle, and conveys to it the tanning solu-
tion. On the opposite side of the vat is an opening communicating with
another tube, which may be called the discharge tube, which conducts the
solution into a third vat or chamber called the receiver; the discharge tube

page_text: leaves the central vat at a point whose level is the same as the supply tube;
the skins are suspended transversely to the direction of the tubes; by means
of this arrangement a continuous current of the liquor passes through the
skins.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Barber at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd July
1861.
I, WILLIAM BARBER, of Stockport, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
hats.
In the manufacture of hats it is common to give a greater exactness to the
shape of the entire hat by placing it in a mould and forcing it into the same,
so as to cause it to take accurately the form of the mould by means of an
elastic bag, placed in the mould over the hat, and into which water or air is
forced by a pump or any other suitable means; the bag is thus expanded and
the hat forced into all parts of the mould. The brim of the hat has hereto-
fore, however, in all cases when the hat has thus received a preparatory shape,
been afterwards finally curled and shaped, or (as it is termed by hatters)
tipped-off" by hand or other process.
Now, according to my Invention I "curl," "shape," or "tipp-off" hats, of
whatever materials made, by means of a mould of the form of the intended
brim, and I force the brim of the hat into contact with this mould by means of
an elastic bag, into which bag I force water, air, or other fluid.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN TICKETS OR PASSES FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edwin Grisdale at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th October
1861.
I, JOHN EDWIN GRISDALE, of 53, Cheapside, in the City of London,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN TICKETS OR PASSES FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER PURPOSES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the production of a new description of tickets or
passes, particularly where such tickets or passes are granted by railway com-
panies and others to persons travelling or having rights of admissions for stated
periods of time, and the object of the improvements is a safeguard to the
companies or others issuing them against the transfer of such tickets or passes
to others than the persons entitled to use the same; this object is effected by
manufacturing or producing in any simple and convenient manner, and by the
aid of photography, tickets or passes, each of which bears upon a conspicuous
part of it a portrait of the person to whom the ticket or pass is issued, so that
upon the customary production of such ticket or pass the person appointed to
check the same would at once see by comparing the portrait on the ticket
or pass with the person presenting the same, that such ticket or pass was
presented by its true owner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGNALLING FOR RIFLE PRACTICE
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Wedderspoon Keiller at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th October
1861.
I, WEDDERSPOON KEILLER, of Perth, in the County of Perth, Confectioner,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SIGNALLING FOR RIFLE PRACTICE," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists of a ball or disc, made to move from place to place
on the target or on a signal board erected for the purpose, so as to indicate
to the shooting party the precise point of the target which the ball has struck.
The board is moveable or stationary as may be required, and in the event of
the ball missing the target, the signal indicates the direction in which the ball
has passed.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR STOPPING RUNAWAY HORSES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Stevens at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd January
1861. A communication from abroad by Louis Marque, of 42, Rue
Laffitte, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, CHARLES STEVENS, Manager of the British & Foreign Office for Patents,
1B, Welbeck Street, Cavendish Square, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
STOPPING RUNAWAY HORSES," (& that it has been communicated to me from
abroad by Louis Marque, of 42, Rue Laffitte, Paris, in the Empire of France,)
to be as follows:-
The object of the present Invention is an apparatus for stopping runaway
horses. It consists of a spring muzzle made of steel & covered with leather,
having an oval-shaped piece placed above the nostrils of the horse, and
opening by means of a cord or band attached to a ring behind the muzzle, and
passing up to the pummel of the saddle, where another ring is placed, to
which the cord is secured. On drawing this cord the spring opens and seizes
the nostrils of the horse. The muzzle is supported by a cross piece coming
down the forehead of the horse and branching into two parts. This cross
piece yields when the horse's nostrils are seized, and serves to prevent the
spring from being drawn too far back. A martingale is attached to the girth
of the horse and to the ring behind the muzzle.

page_text: When the apparatus is applied to carriage horses the stopping may be
rendered more effectual by adapting to the blinkers two straps crossing each
other and passing on each side as far as the collar, where they become united,
and so pass into the hands of the driver. By means of this arrangement the
blinkers may be drawn over the animal's eyes.
These two modes may be employed either together or separately for carriage-
horses, but for riding horses the steel muzzle alone is used.
A ROTATORY CONE, BEING A NEW APPLICATION OF THE CENTRIFUGAL FORCE TO THE PURPOSE OF RAISING AND PROPELLING FLUID BODIES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hyacinthe Deheselle at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th April
1861.
I, HYACINTHE DEHESELLE, of Thimister, in the Kingdom of Belgium,.
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A ROTATORY
CONE, BEING A NEW APPLICATION OF THE CENTRIFUGAL FORCE TO THE PURPOSE OF
RAISING AND PROPELLING FLUID BODIES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of employing a conical vessel of sheet iron, zinc, or
other suitable material, having the outer plates formed so that their edges do
not come in contact with the ascending current. In the interior of the conical
vessel there are a number of straight diaphragms, adjusted to work with a
number of curved diaphragms extending beyond the end of the vessel, and
having their extremities united by a hoop of-metal.- Through the centre of
the cone there is a rod or bar fixed at the bottom to a suitable frame or
foundation, which rod supports the pivot upon which the driving shaft turns,
the said shaft turning on suitable bearings, and mounted with a driving pully
for transmitting motion as the cone revolves. In the interior of the cone,' at
the bottom part, there is another moveable cone in connection with rods and
levers, for the purpose of regulating the supply of fluid, and consequently the
speed of the machine.
In the aforesaid arrangement the diaphragms are stationary, and the cone
turns, but this action may be reversed by causing the cone to be stationary,

page_text: and allowing the diaphragms and shaft to turn. In either case the fluid is
emitted from the cone into a collector of a spiral shape, or one formed of as
many diverging parts or funnels as there are diaphragms, disposed as closely
as possible around the cone. The shape, dimensions, and directions of the
funnels may vary as required.
In some cases, in order to adapt the apparatus to various depths of
fluid, the conical vessel and diaphragms are formed so that they can be
shortened or lengthened, or the channels are inclined so as to lead back the
fluid towards the centre of rotation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Harwood at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd June
1861.
I, WILLIAM HARWOOD, of Stowmarket, in the County of Suffolk, Agricul-
tural Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for reaping and
mowing, which improvements are especially applicable to machines similar to
the machines described in the Specifications of former Letters Patent granted
to me, and dated October 30th 1857, No. 2759, and February 11th 1860,
No. 380.
My first improvement consists in the construction of a finger plate formed
of one or more plates of metal made hollow or concave on its under side, by
which means increased strength is obtained.
My second improvement consists in the employment of riggers with ribbed
or fluted surfaces for giving motion to the cutters, reels, delivering bands, and
other parts of reaping and mowing machines.
My third improvement consists of an improved means of raising the finger
bar and cutters off the ground. For this purpose I employ a ground wheel,
the shaft or axle of which works vertically in sockets attached to the side of
the machine on the top of a standard, the lower end of which has a bearing;
on the wheel shaft there is a lever, from the short end of which a connecting
rod descends, and is bolted to the frame of the machine, so that on depressing

page_text: the larger or handle end of the lever the frame and cutters are lifted, thus
enabling the driver instantaneously to raise the finger bar and cutters clear of
-stones or other dangerous obstructions.
My fourth improvement consists in the application of an antifriction wheel
behind the pinion to keep it in contact with the face wheel, which gives motion
to the various parts of the apparatus.
My fifth improvement consists in a mode of combining a cylindrical roller
with the dividing pole heretofore used for preventing the accumulation of
cut crop.
My sixth improvement consists in the use of clamps with a screwed shank 1
and tightening nut for adjusting and holding the reel arms.
My last improvement consists in the use of a swinging bracket for sup-
porting and guiding the motion of the connecting rod and knife bar.
AN IMPROVE- MENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS OF BRACE WEBS KNOWN AS INDIA-RUBBER WEBS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Taylor at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th October
1861.
I, BENJAMIN TAYLOR, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS OF BRACE
WEBS KNOWN AS INDIA-RUBBER WEBS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention refers to the kind of brace webs known as india-rubber webs,
and which have hitherto been made of cotton or silk webbing and india-rubber.
I propose to employ woollen or worsted webbing with india-rubber, as I can
obtain far more brilliant dyes in wool than in cotton, and at much less cost
than by using silk. I can employ worsted warp and cotton weft, the weft not
being visible, or I can use worsted face with cotton weft and cotton back.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING & TREATING YARNS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Cunliffe Lister and James
Warburton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 15th May 1861.
We, SAMUEL CUNLIFFE LISTER & JAMES WARBURTON, Manufacturers,
Manningham, n' Bradford, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING & TREATING YARNS," to be as follows:-
Our improvements in spinning consist in using a fixed metal ring hollowed
out in the inside, so that a steel-wire ring can be placed loosely within it, that
the thread in spinning or doubling can traverse between the two rings. A nick
is cut in the outer ring, that when the thread breaks it can be readily pieced
up and put between the two rings again.
The bobbin is placed upon a hollow spindle running upon a fixed pin, and
is moved up and down within the rings (which are stationary) to give a proper
copping motion as the hollow spindle revolves upon the fixed pin and carries
the bobbin round with it; the yarn is drawn between the two rings and the
friction put upon it by the rings, combined with the motion of the bobbin, puts
the twist in.
Another improvement consists in spinning and treating flax, hemp, China
grass, and similar fibres, as follows:-The fibrous material having been
dressed or combed is then drawn and roved and spun upon what is known as a
cap frame in the dry state. The yarn when thus spun is exceedingly rough, and
for many purposes almost valueless; but we find that by passing it through

page_text: water, which wo prefer to be heated, or through size, the yarn is much
improved.
Sometimes we put very little twist in it at the cap frame, and then after
being first spun dry, re-spin it through water.
Another plan that we find to answer consists in doubling it, especially
through water or size.