matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING CANS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John Haddan, of Kensington, Middlesex, for
an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING CANS." A communication from
abroad by Galmiche-Narjoz, of Luxeuil, Franco.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Herbert John Haddan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th September 1881.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex. IMPROVEMENTS IN
CARDING CANS." A communication from abroad by Galmiche-Narjoz, of Luxeuil,
France.
"
The improvements relate to cans, pots, or receptacles for wool from carding
machines, and consist in manufacturing such cans of a metal cylinder with a bottom
soldered with double seam to the foot of the cylinder, strengthened by a metal
ring soldered to the cylinder and to the double seam, combined with an inner
cylinder fixed to the first cylinder and terminating at the top with a metal lip.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Herbert John Haddan in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
30th March 1882.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CARDING CANS.". A communication from abroad by Galmiche-Narjoz, of Luxeuil,
France.
The improved card can is made of two parts represented by the accompanying
Drawings, Figures 1-0.
The first part is a small sheet iron cylinder b, b, provided at its base with a
bottom d, d, of tin plate, which is hooked and welded to the said cylinder, as shown.
To this bottom is also welded a vertical iron ring c for increasing its strength.
The second part is another cylinder a fitting into the cylinder b, b, and soldered
to the latter. To the top of the cylinder a is soldered an iron ring e, forming a
lip, as shown.
The object of this construction is chiefly to avoid the breaking of the bottom by
strengthening it with a downward projecting ring.
I claim card cans provided at the bottom with a downward projecting ring c,
substantially as and for the purpose described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Herbert John Haddan, have hereunto set
my
hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of March, A.D. 1882.
TT
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLIANCES FOR PREVENTING THE EFFLUX OF DELETERIOUS GASES FROM DRAINS, PIPES, AND OVERFLOWS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Spencer Rolfe at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th September 1881.
CHARLES SPENCER ROLFE, of 7, Westminster Chambers, Victoria Street,
Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPLIANCES FOR PREVENTING THE EFFLUX OF DELETERIOUS GASES FROM
DRAINS, PIPES, AND OVERFLOWS."
My Invention relates to improvements in stench traps or appliances for
preventing the efflux of deleterious gases from drains, pipes, and overflows, whereby
the outside air can freely enter the drain without destroying the seal of the trap,
and in the event of pressure arising in the drain, an increased depth of seal is
produced to oppose it, whilst a large freeway is provided for the passage of solid
substances.
A suitable arrangement of stench trap for carrying out my Invention as applied
to water closets, urinals, and the like, is as follows:-
I employ a casing, preferably of the form of a funnel, and having fixed therein
a dish or receptacle. The inlet, which may be eitber of circular, conical, or other
suitable form, dips for a distance (which distance represents the depth of the seal)
below the edge of the dish. I prefer making the dish of the form of two hemi-
spheres, partly cut away and joined together.
In some cases I find it advantageous to vary the form of the casing, and to
make the basin circular in plan or of an oval form; a suitable clearing out opening
is provided. A lip may be placed on the sides of the basin and rather lower where
the overflow takes place. A lipped notch is sometimes formed in one or more
places in the lower edge of the inlet, and a small portion of the lower edge of the
inlet may be notched and bent inwards.
My improved trap for trapping stoneware or other drain pipes may be placed in
position by simply disconnecting one of the joints of the pipe and dropping the
trap into the socket, and then replacing the portion of the pipe which had been
removed, and cementing the joint in the usual manner.
My improved traps may be employed in conjunction with the ordinary forms of
traps, and upon all classes of pipes, drains, and outlets.
MENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Harrison at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th November 1881.
JOHN HARRISON, of Jarrow on Tyne, in the County of Durham.
MENTS IN STEAM BOILERS,"
"IMPROVE-
Steam boilers as now constructed with internal furnace flues commonly have
these furnace flues circular in cross section, and with the sides, tops, and bottoms
straight and parallel from one end of the flue to the other, and in some cases what
are known as expansion rings are inserted at distances apart from one another
in the length of the flue to allow the contraction and expansion of the flue to take
place without injury to the boiler.
According to my Invention I not only form the internal furnace flues of a
circular or curved form in cross section, but I also form them with their sides, tops,
and bottoms curved or arched in longitudinal section, the flues being of larger
diameter at the centre than they are at the one or their two ends. By making
them in the above manner they can be made of thinner plates than when parallel
sided flues are used, and in addition to being stronger will make steam quicker,
with less consumption of fuel; the furnace tops will also be prevented from coming
down, which with parallel sided furnaces often occurs. The curved shaped furnace
flues can be used without expansion rings. As also the flues or furnaces being
wider at the centre than at the front, there is more room for fitting manholes to
the front of the boiler for a man to enter, whereas in many boilers constructed
on the present system there is not sufficient space for a man hole to be put into
them.
Ordinarily I make the steam boiler of a horizontal cylinder circular in cross
section with flat ends. Three furnace flues, or more or less furnace flues as the size
of the boiler may require, are led from the lower part of the front end to a smoke
box at the rear end of the boiler, a separate smoke box for each furnace, and the
products of combustion are led back to the front of the boiler through numerous
boiler tubes of small diameter.
AN IMPROVED POWDER OR COMPOSITION FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRE, AND PREVENTING IT FROM REKINDLING
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Tuchmann, of 10³, Saint Thomas's Street, Borough.
High Street, in the County of Surrey, Hop Merchant, for an Invention of
"AN IMPROVED POWDER OR COMPOSITION FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRE, AND
PREVENTING IT FROM REKINDLING." A communication from abroad by
one Johann Schambeck, of Munich, Bavaria, in the Empire of Germany.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Charles Tuchmann in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
27th August 1881.
CHARLES TUCHMANN, of 10B, Saint Thomas's Street, Borough High Street, in
the County of Surrey, Hop Merchant.. "AN IMPROVED POWDER OR COMPOSITION
FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRE, AND PREVENTING IT FROM REKINDLING." A communi-
cation from abroad by one Johann Schambeck, of Munich, Bavaria, in the Empire
of Germany.
The Invention has for its object the production of an improved powder or
composition for extinguishing fire, and preventing it from rekindling.
In carrying the Invention into effect, the following ingredients in about the
proportions stated are combined in the manner hereinafter described:-
:-
Common salt
Alum
Silicated solution of soda
Carbonate of soda
3.parts
-O
-
3 ”
6 "
"
In combining these materials the common salt and alum are first mixed together,
then the silicated solution of soda is added; the carbonate of soda is then sprinkled
over the whole.
This compound is afterwards dried and placed in the market in the form of
powder.
When required for use the powder is dissolved in water in the proportion of
2 lbs. of powder to 10 gallons of water, and applied in any convenient manner.
It will be understood that the proportions of the ingredients, and the mode of
combining them may be varied without departing from the nature of the said
Invention.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and the mode in which
I carry the same into effect, would have it understood that what I claim is a
powder or composition consisting of the ingredients herein mentioned, combined in
about the proportions, and for the purpose herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Tuchmann, have hereunto set my band
and seal, this Twenty sixth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
1
CHARLES TUCHMANN.
(L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOXES FOR CONTAINING SAFETY MATCHES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sydney Pitt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th September 1881. A communication
from abroad by Francis William Thomson, of the Recess, Kandy, in the Island
of Ceylon.
SYDNEY PITT, of Sutton, in the County of Surrey.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BOXES
FOR CONTAINING SAFETY MATCHES." [A communication from abroad by Francis
William Thomson, of the Recess, Kandy, in the Island of Ceylon.]
This Invention has for its object improvements in boxes for containing safety
matches.
In boxes as ordinarily made for holding safety matches, the strip of material
upon which the matches have to be rubbed to ignite them is ordinarily cemented
along the exterior of one side of the box; the box is usually formed of a rectangular
outer case open at both ends, and of a corresponding tray in which the matches are
contained, and which slides freely into and out of the outer case. I form the outer
case and the tray both of thin sheet metal. At the side of the exterior of the case
which is to carry the strip of igniting material, I make the top and bottom plates
of the case to project over or beyond the side and double the edges of the top and
bottom plates towards one another, leaving a slight interval between the exterior
of the side of the case and these edges, so that a strip of the igniting material may
be slipped in between them and be so held along the exterior of the side of the
case.
The edges are also again doubled back so as to form trough like guides along
their exterior; these guides are for the purpose of retaining the edges of a guard
plate used for covering over the strip of igniting material when the box is closed.
One end of the tray is prolonged beyond one of its sides and is bent at right angles
so as to lie along that side of the tray, the top and bottom edges of this strip which
forms the guard plate are bent toward one another; the bent over edges enter the
trough like guides along the side of the box, and the guard plate is thus held to the side
of the box and prevented from springing away from it. In this way when the box
is closed, the strip of igniting material is covered over and protected, but when the
box is opened the strip of igniting material is exposed so that matches may be
ignited upon it. A stop may be provided to prevent the tray from being entirely
drawn out and separated from the outer case.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BOTTLES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th April 1881. A communication
from abroad by Boucher Ainé, of Cognac, in the Republic of France.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BOTTLES." A communication
from abroad by Boucher Ainé, of Cognac, in the Republic of France.
This Invention consists chiefly in a rotary mould, serving to make and finish
completely bottles of various shapes by means of a pedal which allows the mould
to be connected or disconnected, or closed by means of a single pedal.
The mould is capable of rotary motion and provided with numerous perforations,
placed one over the other, at a distance of about five millemeters; these perforations
communicate internally by deep V shaped grooves for facilitating the escape of air
and gas, produced by the combustion of wood-shavings, straw, or fatty matter,
with which the mould is internally provided for rendering the glass brilliant.
The mould is also provided with a metallic bottom, concave or plane, and also
perforated. The mould is secured to the apparatus by means of a screw thread
cut in its base, and can thus be easily exchanged for a mould of different shape.
The opening and closing of the mould takes place by means of four short connecting
rods which receive their reciprocating motion from a cylindrical slide block; the
down motion of the latter is effected by the pedal, and its up motion by a counter
weight attached to its extremity.
For actuating the core at the bottom of the mould, it is sufficient to press on the
pedal until it reaches the end of its travel, thereby giving motion to one end of a
double armed lever situated at the bottom of the apparatus, and the other end of
which acts on a vertical spindle situated in the axis of the mould and reaching up
through the bottom of the latter. For driving the apparatus by belt gearing it is
provided with a fast and a loose pulley, and to shift the belt on the fast pulley
the pedal acts on the disengaging gear during the first part (about five centimeters)
of its travel, before it actuates the aforesaid double armed lever. The disengaging
gear consists chiefly of a lever acting on a vertical spindle which is linked to one
end of an angle lever, the other end of which moves the belt shifter.
A crank and tooth gearing are also provided for operating the apparatus by
hand when desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LABELLED BOTTLES AND JARS USED BY CHEMISTS, DRUGGISTS, AND OTHERS.
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mark Hardcastle at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th October 1881.
"
MARK HARDCASTLE, of Bridport Place, Hoxton, in the County of Middlesex.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LABELLED BOTTLES AND JARS USED BY CHEMISTS, DRUGGISTS,
AND OTHERS.'
33
This Invention has for its object improvements in labelled bottles and jars used
by chemists, druggists, and others.
It is now the practice to provide chemists' bottles and jars with permanent
labels. The labelling is done either on gold laid upon the bottles and then
varnished, or on glass tablets bent to the curvature of the bottles.
The glass
for the tablet is bent whilst hot, and afterwards the tablet is written, painted, or
decorated on the concave side; it is then attached to the bottle by cement.
Objections to the latter method are that it is difficult to make the tablet
accurately to fit the bottle. It is troublesome to work upon the concave surface of
the tablet, and the thickness of the tablet is such as to be inconvenient, so that
frequently bottles are moulded with recesses to receive it. This system of labelling
has the very great advantage that the labelling neither washes nor wears off, and
cannot be disfigured or destroyed by contact with the chemicals for which the
bottles are used.
I obviate the disadvantages and retain the advantages of this method by
employing tablets of thin talc in place of glass tablets; these are written, painted,
or decorated whilst flat, and afterwards applied to the bottle with the written,
painted, or decorated side in contact with the side of the bottle. The cement
which I employ is thick copal varnish; with this the back of the tale tablet is
coated. The tablet is then applied, and it adapts itself readily to the form of the
bottle, bending freely without risk of fracture.
The Invention is also applicable to jars.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF PETROLEUM AND OTHER HYDROCARBONS WITH A VIEW TO THEIR TRANSPORT, TREATMENT, AND EMPLOYMENT
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sydney Pitt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th May 1881. A communication from
abroad by Pierre Dittmar, of Saint Petersburg, Russia, Engineer.
SYDNEY PITT, of Sutton, in the County of Surrey. " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PREPARATION OF PETROLEUM AND OTHER HYDROCARBONS WITH A VIEW TO THEIR
TRANSPORT, TREATMENT, AND EMPLOYMENT." [A communication from abroad by
Pierre Dittmar, of Saint Petersburg, Russia, Engineer.]
This Invention has for its object improvements in the preparation of petroleum
and other hydrocarbons with a view to their transport, treatment, and employment.
The Invention relates to the solidification of crude petroleum, naphtha, and other
hydrocarbons in the butt.
1st. To facilitate its transport and to diminish its cost.
2nd. To increase the yield of distilled petroleum.
3rd. To facilitate and improve the distillation of all the products of crude
petroleum (naphtha), such as lubricating oils, grease, paraffin, vasiline, &c.
The process consists in mixing 3 to 50% of common soap either alone or mixed
with ozokerit with crude petroleum (naphtha), heated to 150 C.
Thus treated, hydrocarbons of all kinds on cooling acquire a gelatinous
consistency, sufficient (just as for ordinary fat) to permit of the employment for
transport (instead of costly oak casks) of cases or of ordinary wooden casks.
The distillation of petroleum from this gelatinous mass is effected directly by
heating it to a high temperature.
By this means a large quantity of petroleum is obtained much exceeding
the quantity obtained by the present processes, and the petroleum is of perfect
purity.
This results because the soap mixed with the crude petroleum retains the heavy
oils and sulphur compounds, and prevents them from passing over with the
petroleum, contrary to what happens in other methods of distillation.
The purity of petroleum obtained by this new process renders it unnecessary to
employ soda and sulphuric acid to clarify it; this besides the considerable economy
which results, constitutes a very great advantage, the presence of sulphur compounds
in illuminating oils being injurious.
This purified petroleum is very suitable for burning in wick lamps, and the
wicks are less charred. If the distillation is stopped after the extraction of
petroleum, the residue is a grease, which contains neither lime nor acid, and is very
suitable for use as a lubricant.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GASELIERS AND PENDANT LAMPS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th July 1881. A communication
from abroad by Messrs. Keyling and Thomas, of Berlin, in the German Empire.
CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 28, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in
the County of Middlesex. IMPROVEMENTS IN GASELIERS AND PENDANT LAMPS."
[A communication from abroad by Messrs. Keyling and Thomas, of Berlin, in the
German Empire.]
This Invention has for its object to dispense with the usual balance weights
employed in connection with sliding gaseliers and pendant lamps, and consists in
substituting therefor a spring drum or barrel on to which the chains of the lamps
are wound, and from which they are unwound as the lamp is raised or lowered.
For this purpose a part of the upper end of the gas pipe of the gaselier (by
preference formed as a separate piece, connected by screw joints to the other parts)
carries a disc fixed by screwing against the lower face of a collar on the pipe, on
the upper face of which collar rests the spring barrel. This barrel contains a
spiral spring, one end of which is connected to the gas pipe, while the other end is
connected to the inner circumference of the barrel, so that on the barrel revolving
in one direction or the other the spring is wound up or unwound. The outer
circumference of the barrel is formed with two or more circular grooves, in each of
which is fixed the one end of one of the chains that support the lamp, the chains
being led from the grooves over guide pullies running in brackets on the before
mentioned disc from which they descend to the lamp. These pullies are arranged
at different heights corresponding with the heights of the grooves. The rotation of
the barrel is controlled by a helical spring coiled round the gas tube above the
barrel and made to press a loose washer down against the barrel, so that the latter
is caused to revolve with a certain amount of friction between the washer and
collar below. This pressure of the spring is regulated by means of a screw collar
on the gas pipe. The barrel with the disc and guide pullies may be concealed from
view by an ornamental casing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE SOLES AND HEELS OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Franklin Hocking at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th November 1881.
FRANKLIN HOCKING, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN AND RELATING TO THE SOLES AND HEELS OF BOOTS AND SHOES."
My Invention consists in applying plugs of wood, cane, or other suitable
material to the under or outside leather of the soles and heels of boots and shoes,
and is also applicable for use with outside soles of material other than leather, such
as india rubber or gutta percha.
My Invention is carried into practice in the following manner :-I punch, pierce,
or bore the under or tread sole, or heel, whether of leather or other material, or of
independent pieces of leather or other material, with holes, which holes may bo
punched, pierced, or bored from either the inner side or the tread side of the sole or
heel, or independent pieces to suit the form of plug used. Where the sole, or heel,
or piece of leather or other material is punched, the same is perforated by such
punching out with holes of size and shape corresponding to the plug of wood or
other material to be afterwards inserted; and where the holes are pierced the plugs
will displace the leather or other material when inserted. The plugs are preferably
of hard wood, such as oak, teak, greenheart, or lignum vitae, cut and applied so
that the end grain forms the wearing surface, but I would have it understood that
other material than wood can be used to form the plugs, for example, composition
materials or earthware materials may be used. In shape the plugs may consist
of plain truncated cones, or truncasted cones having a slight head, or the cones may
have a star, diamond, square, or other section. In the case of plane truncated
cones or other plugs having a taper, or in the case of plugs having a small head, I
insert the plugs in an inverted position from the inner side of the sole, or heel, or
piece of leather, so that the taper or head holds the plug firmly in the sole or heel
or independent piece. The plugs may also be formed plain, without taper, and
inserted from the tread side of the sole or heel, and secured by a pin, spike, nail,
or screw. The plugs may also be inserted into rings or washers, or cored out metal
plugs, and inserted into the sole or heel by any of the methods herein described.
In the application of my Invention to independent pieces of leather or other
material, such independent pieces may be of any shape, thickness, and size, and
are applied (with the plugs they contain) in any desired manner to the soles and
heels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BISCUITS RUSKS AND SIMILAR ARTICLES OF FOOD
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Boucher at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd December 1881.
FREDERICK BOUCHER of Plaistow in the County of Essex, Merchant's Clerk.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BISCUITS RUSKS AND SIMILAR
ARTICLES OF FOOD."
The object of this Invention is to render the sanitary or medicinal propertics
contained in mineral waters especially those which are found in nature more
available for absorption in and assimilation with the system and more convenient
in use and transport and more palatable to the taste than heretofore, when such
waters have been taken in a fluid state. It is a well known fact that the act of
mastication causes a much more perfect assimilation with the saliva and therefore
with the whole system of the body than the mere act of swallowing of an article
of food such as when drinking a liquid. Now according to this Invention I apply
mineral water by preference as found in nature or in some cases where required
in a concentrated form and in other cases where required in a diluted form in the
manufacture of biscuits and the like. Thus in the case of Harrogate and similar
waters I concentrate the water to say about half its bulk by evaporation. I mix
the mineral water with the flour and knead it in an open vessel adding sugar or
other condiments as required to render the biscuit sufficiently palatable without
interfering with the medicinal properties desired. In some cases and to prevent
the escape of gas or fumes from mineral water I prefer to perform the mixing and
kneading in a closed vessel. Or the dough may be made in the ordinary way but
of a rather lighter texture and after a partial baking the biscuits may be soaked
in mineral water and then rebaked as required. As applied to the manufacture of
rusks and similar articles the mineral water is substituted for ordinary water and
the dough allowed to foment as usual, or the spongy consistency may be produced
as in the manufacture of aerated bread.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHIMNEY TOPS AND IN EXIT VENTILATORS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Jones at the Office of the.
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st January 1881.
WILLIAM JONES, of West Derby, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN CHIMNEY TOPS AND IN EXIT VENTILATORS."
This Invention relates to the introduction of what I believe to be a new
principle in the construction of chimney tops of the minimum length of five to six
feet above the brick or stone work, which consists in protecting the mouth of an
inner shaft with an outer shaft of nearly the same length (say, three to five feet),
and, say, five inches greater in diameter, fixed, say, two thirds of its length below
the level of the mouth of the inner shaft, and about one third above it.
I also add a double cone about one inch in diameter greater than the mouth of
the inner shaft, and accurately fixed in the centre of the outer shaft with the
lower point placed at the centre of the inner shaft. This I firmly believe, from
experimental apparatus, will most effectually prevent down draughts under all
conditions of wind, weather, or position, it being in fact to all appearance a perfect
cure for smoky chimneys.
The cone is fixed on the outer shaft with three iron or other stays riveted in or
attached to the top of it and up the sides of the shaft. It is proved, with the addition
of a slight lip about a quarter of an inch all round it, to prevent hail or rain falling
down the chimney onto the grates and fenders below.
The outer shaft is fixed on the inner shaft by means of three or four flanges or
midfeathers (in the case of iron tops with a bracket on the bottom of each), which
form three or four long chambers between the two shafts, say, two and a half
inches wide, down which any smoke that cannot get away from the top is
driven.
AN IMPROVED IMPLIMENT AND RECEIVER FOR CLEANSING FLOORS AND OTHER SURFACES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Saunders at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th December 1881.
WILLIAM SAUNDERS, of Stepney, in the County of Middlesex. " AN IMPROVED
IMPLIMENT AND RECEIVER FOR CLEANSING FLOORS AND OTHER SURFACES."
This Invention refers to an improved impliment and receiver for cleansing floors
and other surfaces.
I will first describe the impliment. This consists of a block of wood or other
suitable material, preferably of a triangular like form. I attach on one of the inclined
sides in a slanting direction a handle similar to a broom handle; on the opposite
side I pivot arms or supports to carry a roller of india rubber or other suitable
material for the purpose of acting as a "squeegee." These arms stand sufficiently
forward from the incline side of the block to allow free action to the roller. The
arms are retained in the necessary position to keep the roller off the side of the
block by means of suitable springs.
On the side of the block intended to come nearest the surface to be cleaned I
attach an ordinary cleaning brush by any suitable means.
In place of the circular squeegee as aforesaid a fixed piece of india rubber or
other suitable material may be attached to the block.
To assist the cleaning operation I propose to convey water under the brush hy a
flexible tube attached to the block, having an exit under the brush. This tube may
run down the handle and have a cock at top and be connected to a water main.
I will now describe the receiver, which I preferably form of metal, in form
somewhat similar to a dust pan, but the outer or front edge is inclined downwards,
and the back part is enclosed all round to form a rectangular receptacle, so that
when the said receiver is placed flat on the surface to be cleansed, the mud or dirt,
being forced up the incline, falls into the back part and is retained there, thus
taking up the same from the surface. This receiver is furnished with a suitablo
handle. The above impliment and receiver may be used either separately or in
combination.

page_text: The surface to be cleaned is first scrubbed by the brush, and when it is desired
to clean away the water the brush is turned upwards, which brings the squeegee
down; on the surface being cleaned and upon drawing the block forward the
movable arms will cause the roller to come against the side of the block, which will
prevent its turning round and act as a squeegee, the water, mud, or dirt being 5
forced up the incline and into the receiver, but when drawn or pushed back the
roller rolls freely so that it may bring no water with it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ALARMS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Roger at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th July 1881.
ROBERT ROGER, of Stockton-on-Tees, Engineer.
FOR ROAD VEHICLES."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ALARMS
This Invention relates to improvements in alarms for road vehicles, and consists
in fitting a whistle or other instrument capable of being sounded by a current of
air to the vehicle, which whistle or other sound giving appliance can be caused to
sound through the motion of one of the wheels of the vehicle.
The alarm is bolted, say, in the case of a bicycle, to the upper part of the fork,
and is mounted upon or connected to a small pump of piston, plunger, rotary
blower, bellows, or other type.
The piston or plunger of the pump is by means of a short link connected to a
small crank or disc, preferably on the axle of the usual roller brake, and on the
latter being applied the revolutions of its roller and its axle cause the latter to
impart a rapid motion to the pump's piston, and send a volume of air through the
whistle, causing it to give a warning by sounding in a very audible manner.
The alarm can be fitted to the vehicle independently of the brake if desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY SWITCHES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Denison Reynolds at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th November 1881.
A com-
munication from abroad by Arthur Williams Reynolds, of Ottawa, Canada.
EDMUND DENISON REYNOLDS, of Clements Lane, Lombard Street, in the City
of London and County of Middlesex, Merchant. "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY
SWITCHES." A communication from abroad by Arthur Williams Reynolds, of
Ottawa, Canada.
This Invention relates to improvements in railway switches. It consists mainly
in a double railed link to take the place of the frog now in common use on rail-
roads, and has for its object the lessening of the cost of switches, doing away with
the necessity of the frog, and greater safety to the cars or vehicles passing over it.
By its use a continuous line of rail is provided at the junctions of main lines and
sidings, thus dispensing with the frog which is for many reasons objectionable,
causing much jolting and shaking of the cars, being very expensive, both as to
first cost and wear and tear, and in addition to this being less safe than the regular
line of rail.
In this improved switch the switch handle moves endways a rod connecting two
horizontally placed bell cranks, which are pivoted by their angle pins to the ties
or to blocks placed for that purpose, and are connected with the switch rails by
suitable connecting rods, one rod working the leading switch, and the other rod
working a double railed link. This double rail link is composed of two rails, one
of which belongs to and is a part of the main line, the other, or guard rail,
belonging to and forming a part of the siding; these rails are coupled together by
chairs. This Invention does not embrace any change in the rail chairs, but
comprises an entirely new arrangement of the rails for leading from one track to
another. In order to explain briefly the working of this Invention, we will
suppose the main line connected, one of the rails of the double railed link forms
now a part of the main line, the guard rail relieving it of any side pressure from
the flanges of the wheels passing over it. When it is required to connect the
main line with the siding, the switch handle is reversed; this operation, by means
of the rod connecting the bell cranks and the rods working the leading switch and
double railed link, connects the main line with the siding, the leading switch
being drawn into line with the siding, and the double railed link drawn over until
its guard rail is in line with the rail of the siding track.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN AND RELATING TO FEEDING BOTTLES FOR CHILDREN
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry George Wells at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th August 1881.
HENRY GEORGE WELLS, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN AND RELATING TO FEEDING BOTTLES FOR CHILDREN."
In bottles for feeding children as at present constructed little or no provision is
made to prevent the tube filling with air at each time the child rests or stops
drawing the food through, and the result is that on commencing again it has to
exhaust the air from the tube which passes down into its stomach before obtaining
any food. Serious evils are thus often caused to the user by the accumulation of
air or wind in the stomach.
It is to prevent such occurences and to produce a feeding bottle from the tube of
which when in operation the food will not return into the bottle, allowing its
replacement with air that this my Invention is designed.
It consists in placing preferably three valves in the tubing, which leads from the
teat which the child holds in its mouth to the food in the interior of the bottle,
and of a ventilator to allow of air to enter the bottle to replace the substance
withdrawn.
In the lower end of the glass tube which comes in contact with the food in the
bottle, I mould or otherwise affix, preferably a conical shaped orifice or valve,
which allows of the liquid to pass through under pressure or suction; but when
the suction is relieved that the liquor will not pass down again through it, but
remain above the valve. At the end of the india rubber tube which connects to
the glass tube I insert another and similar valve, the conical part formed of a
separate piece, and the tube drawn over it, a similar valve I also place immediately
behind the teat.
In the side of the bottle in such a position as just to be clear of the food when a
regulated quantity has been inserted, I place similar conical opening to those
already described to act as a ventilator, and prevent any or partial vacuum being
formed inside the bottle.
Of course I do not confine myself to the exact form or shape of valve or number
used.
The adventamos of this Invention are numerous

page_text: It prevents the child who uses it from drawing air into its stomach at every
time it rests from sucking. It preserves the food from turning sour by preventing
the return of foul air from the user's lungs into the bottle, and it also has no
· tendency to hurt the mouth of the user by the suction caused when a partial
vacuum is formed in the inside of the bottle, and the end of the tube or teat 5
adhers to the skin.
NEW OR IMPROVED MEANS FOR CLEANSING HOLLOW VESSELS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Davis and Henry Thomas
Arthy at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th October 1881.
->
CHARLES DAVIS, of 124, Oxford Street East, Mile End, in the County of
Middlesex, and HENRY THOMAS ARTHY, of Spet Lane, South Weald, Brentwood, in
the County of Essex, Engineers. "NEW OR IMPROVED MEANS FOR CLEANSING
HOLLOW VESSELS."
This Invention relates to novel and peculiar constructions in apparatus to bo
employed in cleansing the interior of analogous articles, viz., tubes, glasses, and such
like articles, and consists essentially of a spring or springs actuated upon by such
mechanical arrangements that will causo such spring or springs to expand or to be
released according to the will of the operator.
According to one mode of carrying out our Invention we employ a hollow tube,
made of any suitable material, according to the different applications of such
apparatus.
Inside this tube we place a rod fitting freely therein, in order to allow of its
being drawn backwards and forwards by either a direct longitudinal or any other
equivalent movement, effected by the hand of the operator, for the special purpose
hereinafter described.
The rod extends a considerable distance beyond the hollow tube, and to its end
we permanently secure a spring or springs of any desired shape or form, and
preferably blade springs. The other end of such spring or springs are fastened to
the tube.
In moving the rod in the inside of the tube downwards, the tendency of the
spring or springs is to expand, and it entirely depends upon the inovement of such
rod, actuated by the hand of the operator, either directly or indirectly, to cause
such spring or springs to expand more or less, in order that they may fit or assume
the inside shape of the article to be cleansed.
Preferably we employ a direct movement of the rod inside the tube, but do not
confine ourselves to any special mode of effecting the same.

page_text: In some cases (as, for instance, in the cleansing of boiler tubes) we prefer to
construct such apparatus as follows :—
The blade spring or springs are fitted up on collars sliding upon the rod and
tube respectively. Behind such collars we place a pair of spiral springs tending to
expand the blade spring or springs, in order that the apparatus may be used as
working automatically; and in this case the movement of the rod (whether direct
or indirect) is the means of simultaneously regulating the tension of the separate
spiral springs and also of the extension of the blade springs.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SPINDLES EMPLOYED IN SPINNING AND TWISTING WOOL, COTTON, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Farrar and Frederic
Hungerford Bowman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
5th December 1881.
JOSEPH FARRAR, of Halifax, in the County of York, Machine Maker, and
FREDERIC HUNGERFORD BOWMAN, of Halifax aforesaid, Cotton Spinner. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SPINDLES EMPLOYED IN SPINNING AND TWISTING WOOL, COTTON,
AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES.”
This Inventon has reference to spindles employed in spinning and twisting
fibrous substances, either by means of flyers or a ring and traveller.
Our improvements consist in constructing and arranging these spindles in such
manner that the revolving part thereof shall be suspended and revolve upon a
pivot placed within a stud.
For this purpose we mount a stud upon a fixed or moveable rail, which stud
has a cup formed on its lower end for containing the lubricant.
The bottom part of the spindle is formed tubular so as to receive the stud
within it. In the tubular part of the spindle, and projecting from the top part
thereof is a pivot, which is placed in a footstep formed within the stud and suitably
brushed, by which means the spindle is suspended. The bottom of the tubular
part of the spindle is bushed by a fixed or moveable bush, which bush is made to
fit the stud, and in this way keeps the spindle perfectly true and perpendicular
notwithstanding the pressure of the driving band against the wharle, which
pressure tends to draw the spindle sideway.
This bush is also placed low enough to work in the cup containing the lubricant.
This bush may be formed as a helix, or a spiral groove may be cut in the bush if
formed solid, and if required a spiral groove may also be cut within the tubular
part of the spindle so as to convey the lubricant up to the top of the stud to
lubricate the pivot. The spindle is driven by a cord passing around a wharle
formed on or attached near the bottom of the tubular spindle.
AN IMPROVED KNIFE FOR PREVENTING WASTE IN PARING FRUITS AND VEGETABLES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Briggs at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th January 1881.
JOHN BRIGGS, of Leeds, in the County of York. "AN IMPROVED KNIFE FOR
PREVENTING WASTE IN PARING FRUITS AND VEGETABLES."
I construct the blade of my improved knife of a semicircular form, so that the
edge thereof fits or corresponds somewhat to the form of the fruit or vegetables, the
result is that instead of paring off a portion or piece of segmental form that is
thicker in the centre than at the edges, as with an ordinary knife, I with my
improved knife take off a peel, broad, thin, and even, thus saving time in paring
and at the same time preventing waste.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING THE PRESENCE OF FIRE-DAMP AND OTHER INJURIOUS GASES IN MINES, AND SUCH LIKE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th May 1881. A communication
from abroad by Léon Somzee, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING THE PRESENCE OF FIRE-DAMP AND OTHER
INJURIOUS GASES IN MINES, AND SUCH LIKE." A communication from abroad
by Léon Somzee, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
The improvements consist of two metallic plates, bands, or wires of different
capacity of dilatation rendered susceptible to slight variations of temperature placed
in connection with an electric current, which shall, at a certain temperature, give
alarm by ringing an alarm. For this purpose one band may be steel and the other zinc,
united by a soldering of tin. With regard to fire damp, the improvements consist
of a glass-vessel containing mercury covered with a partition of porous earth, having
in the middle a central tube communicating with the mercury in the vessel. The
pressure of air being equal in the tube and vessel, the mercury lies at the same
level in both; but when fire damp is in the air it penetrates through the porous
partition and presses on the surface of the mercury, the level of which is raised in
the tube, where it touches a platinum wire in contact with an electric current and
rings an alarm. Also in the use of glass tubes subjected to heat in connection
with a thermo-electric pile indicating the difference of heat between the various
tubes, some of which are filled with air from the outside of the mine and others
with the air of the mine. Also in the use of electro-chemical modes of detection
by the use of the electric light in combination with chlorine, causing by explosive
action the vibration of the membrane of one or more telephones. Also in the use
of sonorous, tubes of certain lengths placed over a flame produced by the com-
bustion of pure hydrogen, and which tubes give normally no sound, but as soon
as fire damp is present the flame grows longer, the tubes are subject to heat, and
then give forth sounds by causing a vibrating blade within the tube to expand,
Emina D31

page_text: and so produce certain notes and thus give alarm. Also in the application to lamps
for mining purposes of a tube filled with pieces of coal compressed therein, the
extremities of the tube mounted in metal; the coal is compressed in the tube by a
screw, and the tube's metallic extremities are in connection with the wires of a
galvanometer. If fire damp is present in the air feeding the lamp it produces
an excess of heat in its interior, the tube and its metallic extremities absorb this
excess heat and transfer it to the thermoscope attached to it, and which will
indicate the composition of the air in the mine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FRICTION GEARING FOR CALENDERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th March 1881. A communication from
Friedrich Voith, of Heidenheim, and Albert Niethammer, of Kriebstein, both
of the Empire of Germany.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Solicitors, at
Frankfort on the Main, in the Empire of Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FRICTION
GEARING FOR CALENDERS." A communication from Friedrich Voith, of Heidenheim,
and Albert Niethammer, of Kriebstein, both of the Empire of Germany.
This Invention has for its object to give to paper the so called friction gloss by
pressing a friction cylinder against it from the side when passing through the
calender. For this purpose I use a friction cylinder made of chilled metal or
other suitable material, and place it on one side of one of the calender rolls in
bearings, which allow the friction cylinder to be pressed against the calender
rolls. The calender rolls may be constructed as usual, and run at any desired
speed.
I prefer to support each end of the friction cylinder by a (vertical) arm pivoted
at the top on a strong horizontal shaft, which is secured to the frame of the
machine by suitable brackets, which may be connected with the journals of the
roller against which the friction cylinder presses. The lower end of the vertical
arm is connected by short links with a lever which carries an adjustable weight, so
as to exert the desired pressure on the friction cylinder. When the weight is
taken off there is about one millimeter clearance between the friction cylinder and
the corresponding calender roll.
The friction cylinder can be driven by belts and differential pulleys, and worked
at any relative speed to the calender rolls; it can be worked with or against the
paper. The pull of the belts is arranged vertically, so that they should not lessen
the pressure of the friction cylinder.
By applying one friction roller to a calender one side of the paper can receive a
gloss; if however this is wished on both sides of the paper two friction cylinders
are applied to two different rollers.
If several friction cylinders are used I prefer to guide their bearings in hori-
zontal slides, and to transmit the pressure of the weights upon the bearings by
means of horizontal links.