matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AND CONNECTED WITH BOILERS FOR HEATING WATER."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAI. SPECIFICATION left by Patrick O'Connor at the Oflice of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st July 1878.
PATRICK O'CONNOR, of Wavertree, in the County of Lancaster.
IN AND CONNECTED WITH BOILERS FOR HEATING WATER."
6
IMPROVEMENTS
The main object of this Invention is to so construct a boiler that the heat given
off by the burning fuel shall be fully utilized, whether such boiler is used with a
slow or fast burning fire. The said boiler shall also be capable of being placed in
any required position, and may if desired be used without being set in brick-
work.
The Invention relates to that class of boilers commonly called saddle or cylin-
drical boilers, in which the heated gases and products of combustion are led down-
wards from the fire-place beneath the bottom of the said boiler, and finally in a
zig-zag course up the sides of the boiler, and consists,―
First. In constructing or forming boilers of the above-mentioned class with a
hollow water back, against which the heated gases strike, and to which they give
out heat whilst passing downwards to the bottom of the boiler.
Second. In constructing or forming boilers of the above-mentioned class, whether
constructed under the first head of my Invention or not, with hollow water sides
extending down below the bottom of the boiler to form the sides of the flue through
which the heated gases and products of combustion pass beneath the boiler.
Third. In constructing boilers of the above-mentioned class, whether constructed
under heads one and two of my Invention or not, with bollow water ways or wings
along the sides, so as to cause the heated gases and products of combustion to travel
in a zig-zag path up and along the sides of the said boiler.
Boilers constructed under all or any of the above three heads of my Invention
are calculated to provide a greater water surface to be acted upon by the heated
gases and products of combustion than is ordinarily the case, and they may with
advantage be employed to replace boilers of the ordinary construction, and are suitable
for fixing in any desired position.

page_text: Fourth. In fitting a casing close around boilers constructed under the above three
heads of my Invention, so as to form the outside walls of the flues, which are formed
by the outside surfaces of the boiler and its wings. In this way brickwork may be
dispensed with in the setting of the boiler.
Fifth. Constructing the said casing in two or more pieces, bolted or otherwise
connected together, so that the said casing may be removed without its being
necessary to disconnect any of the pipes or flues of the boiler.
Sixth. In constructing the said casing double, and in lining the space between
with non conducting material.
Water-circulating pipes are attached to the boiler in the usual or any desired 1
manner.
The grate may be of ordinary construction, or may be formed of water bars.
Doors are provided for inspecting and cleaning the flues.
'
AN IMPROVED CONDENSER FOR THE ENGINES OF STEAM LAUNCHES, STEAM YACHTS, AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd January 1878. A communi-
cation from abroad by Myers Coryelle, of the City, County, and State of New
York, United States of America.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent.
"AN IMPROVED CONDENSER FOR THE ENGINES OF STEAM
LAUNCHES, STEAM YACHTS, AND OTHER VESSELS." [A communication from abroad
by Myers Coryelle, of the City, County, and State of New York, United States of
America.]
The object of this Invention is to furnish an improved device for condensing the
exhaust steam of the engines of steam launches, steam yachts, and other vessels,
which shall be simple in construction, inexpensive in its application, and effective
in use.
The Invention consists of an improved rotary condenser formed of a tube coiled
into wheel form, the ends of which project at the centres of the opposite sides, to
serve as journals for said wheel, which revolve in bearings in the sides of a well
similar to a centre board well, but placed at the side of the keel of the vessel. One
of said ends receives the steam, and the other discharges the water of condensation.
To the outer surface of the condenser are attached cross bars to keep the said coils
in place, and which may also serve as paddles for revolving said condenser by the
action of the water as the vessel moves forward, or, if desired, the condenser may
be revolved by power applied to its journals from an engine.
By this construction, the condenser being constantly revolved in cold water, will
be kept cool, so that the steam will be condensed rapidly and thoroughly.
AN APPARATUS FOR MECHANICALLY BASTING MEAT WHILST COOKING
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William James Fleming at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th October 1878.
WILLIAM JAMES FLEMING, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain.
"AN APPARATUS FOR MECHANICALLY BASTING MEAT WHILST COOKING."
This Invention which relates to an apparatus for mechanically basting meat
whilst cooking, has for its object to continuously raise from the lower part of the
cooking apparatus and discharge or pour over the meat the liquid matter which
exudes from the meat during the cooking operation.
The Invention consists of a chain of buckets to which a travelling motion is
imparted, either from the driving gear of the cooking apparatus or from any
adjacent motor.
The action of the Invention is as follows:-The lowest buckets of the chain dip
into the liquid matter which collects in the receptacle at the lower part of the
apparatus, and as the buckets are slowly travelled by the driving gear or other
motor, each bucket as it successively dips thereinto lifts some of the liquid which
as the bucket is upset in passing over the roller at the top on which it is carried,
discharges the liquid either over the meat directly, or into a spout by which it is
discharged over the meat.
AN IMPROVED LETTER AND PAPER CLIP
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Long at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th July 1878.
RICHARD LONG, of 2, Vigo Street, Regent Street, in the County of Middlesex.
"AN IMPROVED LETTER AND PAPER CLIP."
This my Invention consists in the constructing of letter and paper clips, in such
a manner and of such a material as to do without loose or separate springs, hinges,
or pivots, and in such a simple way as to allow of their being manufactured at a
cheap rate, while securing the necessary essentials of a letter and paper clip.
I make the said letter. and paper clip out of sheet or ribbon steel or other elastic
metal, the width and thickness of the metal being varied to suit the strength desired
for each size of clip.
The metal can be cut of an ornamental or plain design, and coated with silver,
nickel, or other electro metal deposit.
The accompanying Drawing will clearly explain the nature of my Invention.
The clip is drawn full size, and represents one of the various sizes intended to be
made. The spring "A" is a continuous part of the clip, and the entire clip and
spring is bent and formed out of one length of metal. The papers are firmly
held between the jaws at "C." By compressing the part "B" the papers are
released.
By the principle and construction of my clip simplicity and efficiency combined
with cheapness of manufacture are obtained.
The clip is adapted for either laying on the desk or for suspension.
It will be seen that variations in form can be made without departing from the
principal of my Invention, which is the constructing of a letter and paper clip of
steel or other elastic metal, the spring of which is formed out of and is a continuous
part of the clip, and as herein described and as shown by the Drawings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BLOWERS FOR STEAM BOILER FURNACES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sydney Pitt at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 12th June 1878. A communication from abroad
by the Steam Blower Company, of 42, Pine Street, New York, United States
of America.
SYDNEY PITT, of Sutton, in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BLOWERS
FOR STEAM BOILER FURNACES." [A communication from abroad by the Steam
Blower Company, of 42, Pine Street, New York, United States of America.]
This Invention has for its object improvements in blowers for steam boiler
furnaces, and the object it effects is to maintain the blast, and so to urge the fire
until the pressure of the steam is raised to any point to which the apparatus may
be set, and then automatically to stop the action of the blower.
For this purpose
the steam taken from the boiler is led into a chamber, the top of which consists of
a rigid metal plate, whilst the under side is a flexible disc. The plate, which is
thus free to move, is pressed down by a coiled spring, like that of a safety valve,
and which, by similar means, can be set to any pressure and there locked.
A stem within the chamber connects the plate with a double seated valve, which
opens when the pressure of the steam in the chamber is insufficient to sustain the
plate against the action of the spring.
The valve consists of a cylinder open at the ends, and free to slide within a
fixed casing of corresponding form, closed at the top but with openings at the
sides, through which arms or connections pass, attaching the valve or inner cylinder
to the stem and plate already mentioned.
The upper end of the valve closes against a seat at the top of the casing, and the
lower end of the valve, which is somewhat larger in diameter than the rest, closes
against a seating at the bottom of the casing.
When in consequence of deficiency in pressure of steam the plate is depressed by
the spring, it carries the valve down with it, so that it leaves both the seatings.
The steam then entering by the openings in the sides of the casing passes by
channels in the valve both upwards and downwards, and it comes between the ends
of the valve and the seatings into a chamber beneath the valve, from which chamber
it is led away to produce the blast.

page_text: The blast is obtained by means of two tubes with trumpet-like ends, and the
smaller end of the one is inserted into the larger end of the other.
A chamber is formed around the ends, which are so approximated the one to the
other, and to this chamber the steam coming from the apparatus already described
is delivered. It escapes by the narrow annular passage between the ends of the
tubes, and so draws forward a column of air entering at the larger end of one tube,
whilst a blast of mixed air and steam is discharged at the smaller end of the other
tube.
The blast is delivered into the ash-pit of the furnace through a passage provided
with a trumpet mouth, both on its outer and inner ends. The blower is so placed
as to deliver the blast into the mouth on the outer side.
A NEW OR IMPROVED GAME OR Puzzle
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Ledger at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd January 1878.
ALFRED LEDGER, of Lee, Kent. "A NEW OR IMPROVED GAME OR Puzzle"
My Invention relates to a new or improved game or puzzle, and consists of a series
of rectangular or other shaped blocks or dies of wood or other material arranged
side by side in a box or tray, and each formed on its upper side or face with a recess
or depression in which is placed a magnetised bar of steel, the several said bars or
magnets being arranged at different inclinations relatively with each other. A
sheet of paste-board or other material, on which appears a letter of the alphabet or
other device, is fixed over the upper side or face of each block or die, so as to
completely cover the magnet, and by means of a lid which closes the box or tray,
the several letters or devices are hidden from view.
Mounted horizontally on pivots in a cylindrical box or case of card-board or
other material is a circular disc or card divided on its upper face into radial spaces
corresponding in number with and bearing similar letters or devices respectively as
those appearing on the blocks or dies.
A magnetic bar or needle is fixed at the under side of the disc or card in such a
manner that upon placing the cylindrical box or case immediately over either of the
blocks or dies in the closed box or tray, the magnet of the disc or card will assume
the same inclination or position as that of the block or die over which it is placed,
and in so doing will move the disc or card so as to present the letter or device
thereon (corresponding with that on the said block or die) in front of a slit or sight
opening formed in a partition of the cylindrical box or casing, thereby enabling
an observer to determine the particular letter or device which is hidden from view
in the box or tray.
The deception may be further increased by the use of a tube or casing fitting the
interior of the cylindrical box or case, and furnished at its outer end with a sight
hole. On turning this tube or casing past the slit or opening in the partition
before named, the line of sight will be intercepted by the latter, and there will
apparently be nothing to be seen.
MENTS IN HORSE-SHOES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Whiteside Rac at the Office
of the Cominissioners of Patents on the 26th July 1878.
THOMAS WHITESIDE RAE, of Enfield, in the County of Middlesex.
MENTS IN HORSE-SHOES."
"IMPROVE-
My Invention relates to a new and improver method of attaching the iron to the
hoof without the use of nails, in such a manner that it can easily be secured by
the person in charge of the horse, and if required as easily removed.
In carrying out my Invention I construct the shoe of two or more parts, the sides
being hinged to each other or to another part or other parts, and I continue the
sides beyond the pivot or pivots in such a manner that the continuations form
convenient short arms of levers of which the sides are the long arms.
The sides are composed of metal of the ordinary shape, either furnished with
caulks or otherwise, and carry strips of metal projecting upwards, and if necessary
furnished with spikes. By acting on the short arms of the levers by any mechanical
means the sides are forced together, and the strips grip the walls of the hoof.
The front part of the shoe is also furnished with a like strip or strips fitting over
the slope of the hoof.
Another method of carrying out my Invention is to attach a powerful spring
or springs to the hinged sides of the shoe, which tending always to force the
sides together causes the strips to grip the hoof.
AN IMPROVED SPLINTER BAR FOR CARRIAGES OR OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Graham at the Office of the.
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd April 1878.
GEORGE GRAHAM, of Brixton, in the County of Surrey.. " AN IMPROVED SPLINTER
BAR FOR CARRIAGES OR OTHER VEHICLES."
This Invention relates to improvements in splinter bars for carriages or other-
vehicles, whereby the necessity of cutting the traces or unfastening the harness
when the horse or horses have fallen is obviated, and enabling them to rise with
greater facility.
Fitted on to the two ends of the splinter bar is a hollow ferrule lock box, into
which is fitted the roller bolt. The end of the box is closed to prevent dirt from
entering. Near the end a slit or opening is made in the lock box for the insertion
of the roller bolt, which is kept firmly fixed therein by means of a lock bolt,
passing either in front of the lower part of the roller bolt, or through a slot made
therein.
The lock bolt is worked by means of a slotted lever fitted on to one of the sides
of the ferrule lock box, and through the slot of which passes a pin, stud, or bolt
fitted into the lock bolt.
The lever is fitted on to the lock box by
box, and upon which it turns as a fulcrum.
the bolt is locked by means of a set screw or
of the lever into the splinter bar.
means of a bolt passing through the
The lever is fixed in its place when
pin passing through the further end
When a horse falls the set screw or pin will be withdrawn, and the lock bolt
forced back by turning the slotted lever, and the roller bolt upon which the trace is.
fixed will be free to fall out of the slit or opening in the ferrule lock box, thus.
releasing the horse from the vehicle,

page_text: In the case of two-horse vehicles two extra ferrule lock boxes will be fitted near
the centre of the splinter bar to receive the inner traces.
The two slotted levers for working the lock bolts for each horse may be connected
together, so that the two lock bolts may be withdrawn simultaneously.
This Invention is applicable to all vehicles in which a splinter bar is employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FUEL, APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Frederick Lackersteen and John
Coley Bromfield at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st
January 1878.
JAMES FREDERICK LACKERSTEEN and JOHN COLEY BROMFIELD, of Poultry
Chambers, in the City of London, Civil Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF FUEL, APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER PURPOSES."
This Invention has for object the manufacture of fuel, and consists in mixing the
dust of coal with an extract obtained from boiling ordinary seaweed or other similar
vegetable matter producing when boiled a similar mucillaginous or adhesive solution.
In carrying the Invention into effect we first boil seaweed or other vegetable product
capable of yielding when boiled a mucillaginous or adhesive solution, and then mix
coal dust with the said solution in the ordinary manner in which cement, mortar, or
other similar material is mixed.
The combined materials are then moulded to any desired shape by hand, or by
means of a brick-making or other suitable machine.
The same solution when combined with sawdust or other suitable material may
be formed into blocks for filtering purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROLLERS EMPLOYED IN MANGLING AND PRINTING MACHINES, OR FOR WRINGERS FOR WRINGING AND WASHING MACHINES, OR FOR OTHER MACHINES OF A SIMILAR NATURE
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Swinney at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st January 1878.
THOMAS SWINNEY, of Morpeth, in the County of Northumberland, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROLLERS EMPLOYED IN MANGLING AND
PRINTING MACHINES, OR FOR WRINGERS FOR WRINGING AND WASHING MACHINES,
OR FOR OTHER MACHINES OF A SIMILAR NATURE."
Hitherto rollers employed for mangling and printing machines, or for wringers for
wringing and washing machines, or for other machines of a similar nature have
been constructed generally of wood, usually of plane-tree, and it has been found
that after they have been in use some little time, especially if exposed to the
warmth of a kitchen, or the rays of the sun, or the heat of a workshop they crack,
warp, and their spindles work loose.
The object of my invention is to remedy the above evils by manufacturing these
rollers of glass, marble, or enamelled slate, glazed earthenware, and such compositions
of a similar nature, prepared for the purpose. By using any of the above materials
they are more easily and effectually cleansed than those constructed of wood, are
durable, economically mauufactured, will keep a truly cylindrical surface, and from
the nature of their hard and smooth surface will, when employed in a mangling
machine, impart a gloss to articles operated upon impossible to be obtained to
such a degree when wooden rollers are used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LAMPS OR LANTERNS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nathaniel Lionel Nathan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th November 1878.
NATHANIEL LIONEL NATHAN, of Botolph Lane, in the City of London, Cigar
Importer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LAMPS OR LANTERNS."
The object of my Invention is the construction of an improved lamp or lantern,
whereby the light is distributed in a better manner than hitherto, and the
appearance of the lamps or lanterns greatly improved.
In carrying out my Invention, I construct the lantern or shade of the lamp of a
cylindrical form, and corrugated or in rolls, made of opal and ruby glass or other
suitable translucent material. The shade is made in several parts or rolls, each
alternate part being of different colours as may be required. The separate parts of
the shade or lantern are formed with internal flanges, over which pass internal clips
or rings of suitable metal, by which the parts are connected together.
Another advantage of my improved construction is, that the several parts
forming the lamp may be easily taken to pieces for cleaning and repairs, and if one
of the parts be broken it may be replaced with facility, and without it being
necessary as at present to replace the whole.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VEN- TILATING SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Boag at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th May 1878.
JOHN BOAG, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VEN-
TILATING SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
This Invention consists in forcing cold air from above by means of a fan or
pump, or other apparatus, into the space between the ceiling and the outer shell of
the ship.
•
About six or eight feet apart, all over the hold, or arranged otherwise to suit
special cargoes, I place perforated pipes, rising up vertically among the cargo from
the air space below. From the upper part of the hold I usually pump the air
away, but ordinary cowls or other ventilators will do without pumping.
The entire work of ventilating a coal-laden ship is so light by this plan that I
usually employ one of the small windmills used in pumping ships, or a boy to work
the air injecting pump or fan, that being quite sufficient. This for ships, in
steamers or horse-laden vessels, the donkey engine can be used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Edward Liebreich at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd March 1878.
CHARLES EDWARD LIEBREICH, of Bradford, in the County of York, Merchant.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
This Invention has for its object the removal of the pressure upon the "swell,"
and the shuttle at or before the time the shuttle is picked, so as to reduce the force
or impact of the picker upon the shuttle tip, whereby wear and tear are much
reduced, and less power is requisite for working.
Various contrivances have been tried with the view of accomplishing the above
object, but complication of parts or cost of construction and working has in a great
measure limited the use of such appliances.
Apparatus according to this my Invention is simple, inexpensive, and may readily
be applied to existing looms at a small cost.
I attach to the sword arm a lever having central stud as fulcrum, one end of the
lever is connected by a link with the crank arm (or other going part), the other end
of the lever is attached to the ordinary spring connected with the rod or shaft of the
"swell" finger. The movement of the crank arm gives a rocking motion to the
lever, so that the strain or pressure of the finger upon the "swell" is removed or
reduced (through the connections) just when or before the picker acts upon the
shuttle that the latter is free to leave the box without having to overcome the
binding resistance of the "swell" as heretofore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MATCH STANDS AND ASH TRAYS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sidney Moorhouse at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd May 1878.
SIDNEY MOORHOUSE, of Stalybridge, in the County of Lancaster, Brassfounder.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MATCH STANDS AND ASH TRAYS."
My Invention relates more particularly to match stands and ash trays suitable
to be employed in smoke rooms.
Previously to my Invention ash trays have been provided with a central cup or
box to contain matches, and it is to this appliance that my Invention more par-
ticularly relates.
I so construct the said appliance as that it can be used to attract the attention
of the waiter in attendance in addition to its previous uses. To this end I provide
the appliance with a gong.
In one arrangement the base of the apparatus is formed by a circular ash tray.
In the centre of the ash tray is fixed a pillar, which sustains a gong. Above this
gong is fixed a receptacle to contain matches, the outer surface of the said receptacle
being serrated or roughened.
The said receptacle is formed with or secured upon a central tube, through which
passes a pusher spindle, which is connected with the hammer which strikes the
gong.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LEATHER TIPS FOR BILLIARD AND BAGATELLE CUES, AND THE MEANS OF AFFIXING OR FASTENING SUCH TIPS TO THE CUES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harry Robert Williams at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th January 1878.
HARRY ROBERT WILLIAMS, of 117, Hill Street, Walworth, in the County of
Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LEATHER TIPS FOR BILLIARD
AND BAGATELLE CUES, AND THE MEANS OF AFFIXING OR FASTENING SUCH TIPS
TO THE CUES."
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of leather tips for
billiard and bagatelle cues, and to the means of affixing or fastening such tips to
the cue.
.
In carrying the Invention into practice a disc or piece of leather is pressed by a
die into a mould corresponding in dimensions or shape with the tip to be produced,
and so that the leather tip will have a rounded outer or striking end, and be hollow
as a cap. The end of the cue is turned down or reduced in size, so that it has a
reduced end or plug, which fits the hollow of the tip, and a ring, band, or clip of
metal or other hard material, such as ivory, is slipped down or passed over the tip,
and so as to lie flush and even with the wood of the cue, forming a perfect fastening
without glue or other cement. The said ring or band is turned out or made slightly
conical interiorly.
By this construction there is provided a sleeve or neck of leather, by which the
tip is held securely by the said ring, band, or clip to the cue without the necessity
of discarding the use of the cue at any time whilst glue or cement dries, and leaving
no possibility of the tip "chipping off "and causing a "miss" in play, as is at
present the case. Further, a better and more suitable and reliable leather can be
used, and a backing of india-rubber or elastic medium may be employed and inter-
posed between the wood of the cue and the striking surface of the tip, so as to
render same somewhat yielding.
In some cases I may employ a tip of solid leather, and attach the same by means
of the aforesaid fastening, and as the tip wears down it can be renewed, or length-
ened, or pushed out by adjusting the fastening.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ANCHORS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Henry Stockton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th May 1878.
SAMUEL HENRY STOCKTON, of St. John's, New Brunswick, in the Dominion of
Canada, temporarily at the Office for Patents, G, Lord Street, Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ANCHORS."
My Invention relates to the stock of a ship's anchor, so constructed that the
chain cannot foul it.
My improved stock is in the form of an isoceles triangle, the equal angles
rounded, the base of the triangle bisected by the body of the anchor near the top
thereof, and the angle of the triangle opposite the base joined to the body of the
anchor near where it connects with the flukes. With this arrangement it will be
seen at once that a curl of the chain falling between the flukes of the anchor and the
eye has nothing to catch on like the ordinary stock, but slides up the inclined planes
of my improved stock, and so frees itself.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF METAL WHEELS FOR CARRIAGES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th April 1878. A communication
from Louis Stanislas Pascand, of Paris, Rue de Vaugirard.
HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices, 18, Rue
de la Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, France, and 6, Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF
METAL WHEELS FOR CARRIAGES." A communication from Louis Stanislas Pascand,
of Paris, Rue de Vaugirard.
The object of this Invention is to do away with the nuts, counternuts, and screw
cuttings in the naves, felloe, or spokes, or any other means hitherto used for regu-
lating the tension of wheels, the spokes of which are made of a single inetal wire,
and consists in constructing the wheels of light carriages, and chiefly of bicycles,
with spokes made of two or more metal wires, so that the tension of the spokes or
of the wheel may be controlled by twisting the spokes thus constructed more or less
on themselves.
The said twisting may be performed by means of a single or several twisting
centres between the two ends of the spokes. Whether it be performed by one or
other end of the spoke, or by both ends at the same time, and in whatever manner,
the spoke may be secured to the nave or felloe of the wheel.
The torsion may be effected in constructing the wheel by means of pincers,
nippers, hand vices, or tumblers, which are removed when the wheel is completed;
or else by means of small bars or levers, which may be left in place by connecting
two spokes to each other, or be removed when the spokes are made of steel, the
twisting of which, once performed, is maintained by tempering.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF CONNECTING AND MOUNTING TOBACCO PIPES, CIGAR TUBES, AND CIGARETTE TUBES FOR SMOKING TOBACCO
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Rest at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th March 1878.
WILLIAM REST, of No. 16, Albion Buildings, Aldersgate Street, in the City of
London, Silversmith and Pipe Mounter. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF
CONNECTING AND MOUNTING TOBACCO PIPES, CIGAR TUBES, AND CIGARETTE TUBES
FOR SMOKING TOBACCO."
The object of my Invention consists in so preparing pipes or tubes for smoking
tobacco by connecting or mounting the pipe or tube between the bowl, stem, and
mouth-piece, so as to enable the holder to use the same for smoking, and to
disconnect the bowl, stem, and mouth-piece, by merely turning the mouth-piece to
the left and withdrawing it from the pipe, stem, and bowl, without the aid of a
screw. I connect the said bowl, stem, and mouth-piece by means of two tubular
slides, being so constructed as to allow of one entering the other, the larger one
having a slot on the inside, and the smaller one having a pin or shield affixed and
so placed as to enter the slot in the larger tubular slide, thus the one slide receiving
the other, and in the larger tube at the end nearest the bowl stem of the pipe I
cause four cuts or slits to be made which acts as a spring, and closes upon the
smaller tube when inserted.
Although I have described the Invention as affixed and applied to pipes, it may
be applied and affixed in obvious manner to cigar and cigarette tubes.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Clegg and Ernest Grether at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th September 1878.
THOMAS CLEGG, of Moston, near Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, and ERNEST GRETHER, of Manchester aforesaid, Merchant. "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING."
Our Invention relates to the machines known as the ring and traveller spinning
and doubling frames, and it consists in an improved mode of supporting and
lubricating the spindles. In performing our Invention we fix the footstep and the
bolster bearing in a metal tube, which tubes can be fixed in the ordinary footstep
and bolster rails, or in a single rail or in a rail to which brackets are attached; the
tube for mis a reservoir for the lubricant, and the footstep which can be let into or
screwed on the bottom of the tube is made with a shoulder to form a recess for the
reception of sediment; the bolster is let into or screwed into the top of the tube and
it is recessed and provided with a side opening to allow the lubricant to enter into
the upper part of the bolster.
Our Invention consists also in making the wharve on the spindle with a conical
shoulder and serrated edge, or with catch wires or other equivalents to hold the
yarn when the full bobbins are being doffed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GENERATING ELECTRICITY
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Willem Cornelis Vogel at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th November 1878. A
communication from abroad by Nicolaas Cornelis Vogel, of Rotterdam, in the
Kingdom of the Netherlands.
FRANÇOIS WILLEM CORNELIS VOGEL, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GENERATING ELECTRICITY." A communication
from abroad by Nicolaas Cornelis Vogel, of Rotterdam, in the Kingdom of the
Netherlands.
Dynamo-electric machines as at present constructed have two systems of electro
inagnets, one fixed and the other made to revolve at the rate of about 1000 revo-
lutions in a minute. To avoid the difficulty of increasing this speed and thereby
producing more intensity in said machines, the improvements consist in constructing
dynamo-electric machinery with both systems made to revolve in inverse sense, and
so when both are revolved at 1000 revolutions a minute, the intensity due to
2000 revolutions is obtained, and thus great saving of wear and tear effected. The
various parts can be constructed of the same materials as at present, and the small
details may be the same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UNDERGROUND TELEGRAPHS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Robert Lucas at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th December 1878.
FRANCIS ROBERT LUCAS, of 3, Hyde Vale, Greenwich, in the County of Kent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN UNDERGROUND TELEGRAPHS.”
The object of this Invention is to insulate iron, copper, or other telegraph con-
ducting wires by surrounding and separating them with an insulating substance,
such as stoneware, porcelain, or other earthenware.
For this purpose stoneware cylinders of convenient length may be made with
longitudinal perforations, through which the conducting wires can be passed or led.
The cylinders are joined by covering their ends with an insulating compound
while in a viscuous state, and pressing them together with a suitable screw cramp,
and securing by a cemented socket or clamp.
IMPROVE MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ICE, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN, PARTS OF WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER COOLING AND REFRIGERATING PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Webb at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th February 1878.
GEORGE WEBB, of Limehouse, in the County of Middlesex, Builder.
"
IMPROVE
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ICE, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREIN, PARTS OF WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER COOLING
AND REFRIGERATING PURPOSES."
My Invention relates chiefly to a process and apparatus for cooling and congealing
liquids by their own evaporation, in vacuo, the vapours being withdrawn by an
exhausting apparatus from a vessel receiving or containing the liquid to be cooled
or congealed, and being condensed in another vessel with or without the use of
absorbents, and finally expelled from the apparatus. The Invention is however
also applicable to other cooling and refrigerating purposes, as for example, to the
condensation and liquefaction of the vapours of volatile liquids when employed to
cool or congeal other fluids, as well as to the compression, rarefaction, and cooling
of air and other gases.
In carrying out my Invention the exhausting apparatus consists of a horizontal
revolving cylinder formed or fitted with buckets, and in part filled with a non-
evaporable liquid, or one which evaporates only at a temperature in excess of that
at which the evaporating liquid boils and which is neutral to the vapour with which
it is brought in contact.
When the Invention is applied to the cooling or freezing of water by its own
evaporation, oil or mercury will answer the purpose.
The vessel from which the vapour is withdrawn is connected by a pipe with one
end of a fixed hollow axle on which the cylinder revolves, a continuation of the
pipe being carried up above the level of the liquid.
The apparatus operates in the following manner :-Motion is imparted to the
cylinder, so as to cause it to rotate in the direction which will carry the buckets
with their mouths downwards. When a partial revolution has been made they
deliver their vapour compressed by the head of liquid under which it has been
carried into a channel or casing over and partly surrounding the axle. The com-

page_text: pressed vapour thence passes through the other end of the axle, which is hollow and
perforated, to the condenser, consisting of a vessel supplied with a jet, drip, or stream
of liquid.
In lieu of the arrangement of exhausting apparatus herein-before described, I
may employ a series of buckets attached to an endless chain and passing over a
drum or drums, the action being similar to that of the former arrangement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Alfred Taylor at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th November 1878.
RICHARD ALFRED TAYLOR, of Cleckheaton, in the Parish of Birstall, in the County
of York, Dyer and Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING."
The object of this Invention is to produce a scarlet dyed cloth, thorough dyed,
not affected by exposure to the atmosphere, nor yet by acids or alkali.
I accomplish the above object in the following manner :-I prepare the cloth with
acids, then run the cloth through a cold solution of dye prepared from coal tar.
The length of time the cloth is subjected to this cold process depends upon the
amount of grounding required. I then fill up the cloth to the required color in
another vessel, adding acid, and I finish off with a tin solution.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOWING AND REAPING MACHINES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George MoDonald at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th December 1878.
GEORGE MCDONALD, of Legmore, in the County of Antrim, in Ireland, School-
master. 'IMPROVEMENTS IN MOWING AND REAPING MACHINES."
"
The said Invention has for its object to provide a light, convenient, and cheap.
manual machine for the mowing and reaping of grass, corn, and other crops, and
easily adjustable to the undulation of the ground to be cleared.
It consists of a horizontal circular plate or disc cutter supported and guided by
shafts running on a wheel or wheels, and driven off such running wheel or wheels,
or a pulley or wheel, or pulleys or wheels, in connection therewith, at a high speed
near to the surface of the ground.
A NEW (OR IMPROVED) COMPOSITION TO BE APPLIED TO VESSELS OR FLOATING AND OTHER STRUCTURES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Arthur Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th July 1878.
HENRY ARTHUR CLARK, of West Cowes, in the Isle of Wight, Painter. "A NEW
(OR IMPROVED) COMPOSITION TO BE APPLIED TO VESSELS OR FLOATING AND OTHER
STRUCTURES."
The Invention consists in grinding and mixing the following ingredients in the
proportions herein stated, or near thereto, for the purpose of forming a composition
suitable for use and application as ordinary paint to the bottoms or other parts of
vessels or floating or other structures-Take sulphate of copper, 1 lb.; white lead,
1 lb. green verditer, 11b.; pine varnish, 10 lbs., boiled oil, 1/2 lb.; oxide of iron,
1 lb.; black lead, 1 lb.; turpentine, 1/2 lb.; Stockholm tar, '/, lb.; blue verditer, 1 lb. ;
mix and grind together in any ordinary paint mill, then use as ordinary paint.
;
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH NOSE BAGS FOR HORSES OR OTHER ANIMALS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Brome Bashford at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th March 1878.
CHARLES BROME BASHFORD, of Copthorne House, Crawley Down, in the County
of Sussex, Major in the Army. "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH NOSE
BAGS FOR HORSES OR OTHER ANIMALS."
The objects of this Invention, which relates to improvements in or connected
with nose bags for horses or other animals, are to enable the horse or animal to
reach its food and to feed with greater comfort, and when the food is getting low
in the bag to prevent any necessity for the horse tossing its nose bag up to get at
the food therein, whereby a considerable portion of it falls out of the bag and is
wasted, and much of it falls on to or into its eyes and nostrils and causes the horse
to sneeze, which in the event of its having a cold causes a quantity of catarrh or
matter to be expelled from its nostrils into the bag and on to the food, whereby it
is spoiled to such a degree that the horse is nauseated, and often refuses such
food.
In carrying my Invention into effect I adapt or apply to each side of the nose
bag a suitable bearing or fork carrying a grooved pulley, and under each pulley I
pass a cord or strap, one end of which, by means of a buckle, I attach to a head
strap, and the other end of which passes through a ring carried by the head strap
and thence passes rearwards, the two rear ends being suitably connected by a strap
or otherwise.
On the part of each cord rearward of the rings I make a knot, or I otherwise
provide it with suitable means for preventing more than a certain, or desirable, or
an adjustable length of the cords from passing forwards of or through the rings.
The strap connecting the rear ends of the cords may be attached to the breast
plate ring on the front of the saddle of military or cavalry horses, or to any other
suitable attachment when picketted, or to the bearing rein hook on the pad for
cab horses, or to the points of the hames for dray horses, or to any other suitable
attachment.

page_text: By the use of these improved attachments the above-referred to advantages are
attained, as upon the horse lowering its head to get at the food, and the rearmost
cord being passed around a fixed part, the bag which is suspended by the pulleys
on the part of the cords forward of the rings upon these cords being thus shortened
is caused as it were to rise to meet the motion of the horse's head, and it can thus
get at its food with greater ease and without any necessity for tossing the bag up
and spoiling or wasting any of the contents.
Similarly as the horse lifts its head to consume the food in its mouth the bag is
caused to fall a little distance to allow of freedom of motion to the horse's jaws, the
cheek bones of which are prevented from being galled by suitable leathers arranged
inside the bearings or forks carrying the pulleys.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOP MECHANISM FOR ORGANS, HARMONIUMS, AND SIMILAR INSTRUMENTS."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Hildebrandt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st November 1878. A communication
from August Grüters, of Crefeld, in Germany.
<
ALBERT HILDEBRANDT, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Patent Agent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOP MECHANISM FOR ORGANS, HARMONIUMS,
AND SIMILAR INSTRUMENTS." A communication from abroad by August Grüters, of
Crefeld, in Germany.
My object is to obtain an arrangement for organs, harmoniums, and the like
instruments, by which any number of stops belonging to any manual may be
played from any or each of the manuals, and similarly in the case of pedals. For
this purpose I use the following arrangement for harmoniums, which however is
equally applicable to organs. For each stop a roller runs through the instrument
from end to end; these rollers have hinged to them as many wedges, bolsters, or
intermediate keys as there are notes in the stop. The drawbar of the stop causes
the roller to make part of a revolution, by which the wedges or bolsters are placed
under the proper fingers of the connecting pieces, which are attached to all the keys,
cach connecting piece being branched out into as many fingers as there are stops.
The sounds are produced by tongues placed in or over apertures in the wind chest,
the apertures being closed by valves held down by springs, and each of these valves
may be lifted by a lifting rod connected with as many double levers as there are
manuals, each of which levers may act without affecting the other, the above
mentioned wedge or bolster being interposed between the free end of this double
lever and the end of the finger from the connecting picce when the stop is drawn.
If a stop is not drawn the end of the finger from the key does not touch the free
end of the double lever, and therefore does not depress it; but if a stop is drawn

page_text: the free end of that lever is depressed when the key in the corrosponding manual is
struck, and the other end of the lever lifts the valve and allows the escape of com-
pressed air, which sets the tongue in vibrations and produces the sound. The tongues
belonging to the same note in different manuals are placed in a line in the direction
of the respective keys.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EMBROIDERING OR ORNAMENTING WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Ridings, Henry McLeod, and
William Sharp Mackie at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
18th April 1878.
JAMES RIDINGS, HENRY MCLEOD, and WILLIAM SHARP MACKIE, all of Man-
chester, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN EMBROIDERING OR
ORNAMENTING WOVEN FABRICS."
Our Invention relates to the embroidering of skirts, or of skirt cloths, or of
dresses, or of dress fabrics, or of other woven fabrics, and particularly to the
description of embroidering which is effected by stitching a material to the surface
of the fabric by means of a sewing machine.
We ornament the fabric by securing to it wool or worsted in the loosely twisted
forn, as, for example, we employ such wool as is knitted or crochetted into jackets
and other articles, or wool of a like nature; or we employ wool specially prepared
for our purpose, as, for example, we may use a wool, around which is twisted a
thread or yarn of a different colour, or a thread of gold or silver cord, or yarn, or
a strip of gold, silver, or coloured foil. The wool is secured to the surface of the
fabric by means of a Bonnaz embroidering machine, or of a machine suitably con-
structed to sew or stitch the wool to the fabric, and to arrange it upon the fabric
by the aid of the operator in the form of scrolls, leaves, flowers, or stripes, or other-
wise to arrange it to form ornamental patterns.