IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WINDING YARNS INTO COPS OR UPON PIRNS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Motion, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North
Britain, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
WINDING YARNS INTO COPS OR UPON PIRNS."
Sealed the 18th May 1877, and dated the 23rd November 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Motion at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd November 1876.
ROBERT MOTION, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North Britain, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WINDING YARNS INTO COPS OR UPON PIRNS."
This Invention relates to machinery for winding yarns into cops or upon pirns,
and comprises several improvements conducing to the beneficial working of the
machinery, and tending to diminish the time, labor, and skill required on the part
of the attendant workers.
In one modification of the improved machinery the winding spindles are placed
horizontally, and project towards either side at right angles to the longitudinal
centre of the machine, being driven by means of pinions from spur wheels which
run on studs and are formed each in one piece with a bevil wheel.
The combined spur and bevil wheels are driven by bevil wheels on one or two
longitudinal shafts, which with the studs of the combined spur and bevil wheels
are placed at a lower level than the spindles, so that these spindles can pass con-
veniently across the middle of the machine. Each winding spindle is made square
throughout, and has a collar formed or fixed on it near the intended base of the cop.
The spindle passes through a square eye in a frictional or other clutch by which,
when it is in gear, the motion of the pinion is communicated to the spindle.
The clutch is put into or out of gear by a helical cam on a rocking spindle
mounted parallel to and below the winding spindle, and fitted with a spring or
weight which tends to turn it, so as to put the clutch out of gear, but which is
prevented from acting whilst the winding proceeds properly by a catch quadrant
fixed on the rocking spindle, and held by a catch horn on a curved and handled
lever centred on a fixed bracket. The usual hollow slit cone is employed in shaping
the cop, and is mounted loosely on the rocking spindle, but is held steady whilst
working by a shoulder on it resting on what may be termed the cone rail. Each
spindle is pressed forward through or into the cone by means of a swivel cap on its

page_text: back end connected by a pair of cords passing over guide pulleys to a weight; and
as the spindle fills it is forced back until the collar on it encounters a tongue or
trigger jointed to the curved hand lever. The pressure on the trigger causes the
hand lever to turn with its upper end forwards, the catch horn on its lower part
moving backwards clear of the catch quadrant on the rocking spindle, which last
then by the action of its spring or weight turns and disengages the clutch, and so
stops the rotation of the spindle. At the same time a fork on the curved band lever
turns down in front of the collar on the spindle, and moves the spindle back so that
its front end and the cop on it get clear of the cone; the cone then turns with
the rocking spindle to one side, and on the curved hand lever being turned up
by hand the cop is forced partly off the spindle, and can be easily withdrawn. The
collar on the winding spindle on being moved quite back by the hand lever en-
counters the catch. quadrant on the rocking spindle, and moves this spindle
sufficiently backwards to draw the shoulder of the cone off the rail, so that
the cone can turn to one side as described. This movement of the cone is
effected by the action of the spring or weight on the rocking spindle, the boss of the
cone being formed with a tail having sufficient play between two snugs on a
quadrant fixed on the rocking spindle to allow the spindle to turn as far as re
quired to disengage the driving clutch before the cone moves. A small handle on
the front end of the rocking spindle serves for restoring the rocking spindle and
cone to their working positions.
It is necessary that the trigger, as soon as it has been acted on by the collar
on the winding spindle, should move up out of the way of the further backward move-
meut of the collar, and it is made to do so by the action of the curved hand
lever combined with that of a slot, or groove, or suitable curved edge of the trigger
on a pin fixed in the stationary bracket, the point of the trigger entering up between
the prongs of the fork.
The pressure of the fork in pushing off the cop is prevented from moving the
spindle forward again by a flange which may be in the same piece with the catch
quadrant on the rocking spindle, and which, when that spindle completes its move-
ment, turns up in front of the collar on the winding spindle. The traverse yarn
guides are fixed on horizontal rocking shafts lying under the cones, and in some cases
a knife is fitted to each guide to cut the yarn when the cop is completed, such knife
being actuated by the rocking spindle when turning the cone to one side.
The yarn, which may be drawn off bobbins or reels, passes over a guide on the
outer end of a lever situated above the winding spindle, and centred on the bracket
carrying the curved hand lever. This guide lever is formed with a short arm at
the inner side of its centre, which arm is acted on by a weight or spring tending to
raise the guide; and on the yarn breaking or failing this arm acts on the curved
hand lever, and causes the disengagement of the rocking spindle, and consequent
stoppage of the winding spindle. When the yarn is wound off a bobbin, the short
arm of the guide lever is connected by a wire to a lever, one arm of which is
arranged to press on one of the bobbin ends, and on the yarn slackening extra
friction is by the lever applied to the bobbin, and tends to equalise the tension of
the yarn.
When bobbins are to be used a trough is placed along the middle of the machine
at the top to receive the empty bobbins, and in this trough an endless band is
arranged to convey the bobbins to one end of the machine.
Brackets for carrying reels are mounted on lower longitudinal rails in a manner
admitting of their being turned up when required to make room for boxes con-
taining bobbins full of yarn.
The various improved contrivances herein-before described are obviously sus-
ceptible of modification as regards the positions and arrangements of the parts;
thus the winding spindles may be placed in inclined or vertical positions, the parts
in connection being adapted to suit, and the rocking spindles may be placed other-
wise than below the winding spindles as described. There may be two horizontal
rows of winding spindles on each side of the machine, the pinions driving the
:

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by the
said Robert Motion in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 22nd May 1877.
ROBERT MOTION, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North Britain, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WINDING YARNS INTO COPS OR UPON PIRNS."
My said Invention relates to machinery for winding yarns into cops or upon
pirns, and comprises several improvements conducing to the beneficial working of
the machinery, and tending to diminish the time, labor, and skill required on the
part of the attendant workers.
And in order that my said Invention and the manner of performing the same
may be properly understood, I hereunto append two Sheets of explanatory Drawings,
to be herein-after referred to, and representing examples of my improved mechanism.
In these Drawings the same reference numerals are used to mark the same or like
parts wherever they are repeated.
One modification of my improved winding machinery as arranged for winding
cops is shown on Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawings, whilst some details are
shown on a larger scale on Sheet 2.
Figure 1 is a transverse vertical section, and Figure 2 is a plan of a part of the
machine.
Figures 3 and 4 are side elevations of portions, the former showing the yarn as
being wound off reels 1, and the latter showing the yarn as being wound off
bobbins 2, whilst reels 1 are shown at one side of Figure 1, and bobbins 2 at the
other side.
Figure 5 is an enlarged transverse vertical section showing one spindle 3 and the
parts immediately relating to it; and Figures 6 and 7 are sectional elevations of
parts in Figure 5, in line with which they are placed.
Figure 8 is an inside elevation of a portion of the driving gearing; and Figure 9
comprises a plan and sectional end view of parts connected to the inner end of the
spindle 3.
•
Figures 10 to 21 on Sheet 2 of the Drawings will be more conveniently designated
when there is occasion to refer to them in the following particular description of my
Invention.
In the modification shown on Sheet 1, the winding spindles 3 (of which one is
shown separately in Figure 17, on Sheet 2) are placed horizontally and project
towards either side at right angles to the longitudinal centre of the machine, being
driven by means of pinions 4 from spur wheels 5, which run on studs fixed in two
inner longitudinal rails or frame bars 6, which also carry the spindles 3 and various
other details. Each spur wheel 5 is formed in one piece with a bevil wheel 7, which
is driven by a bevil wheel 8 on a longitudinal shaft 9, there being one or two of the
longitudinal shafts 9, as may be found most convenient in different cases. The shafts 9
and the studs of the combined spur and bevil wheels 5, 7, are placed at a lower
level than the spindles 3, so that these spindles can pass conveniently across the
middle of the machine. Each winding spindle 3 is made square throughout, and
has a collar 10 formed or fixed on it near the intended base of the cop. The
spindle 3 passes through a square eye in a frictional or other clutch 11, by which
when it is in gear the motion of the pinion 4 is communicated to the spindle.
Figures 15 and 16, on Sheet 2, show the clutch 11 and some other details on a.
still larger scale than in Figures 5 and 6.
The clutch 11 is put into or out of gear by a helical cam 12 on a rocking
spindle 13 mounted parallel to and below the winding spindle 3 and fitted with a
spring 14, or it might be a weight which tends to turn it so as to put the clutch 11

page_text: out of gear, but which is prevented from acting whilst the winding proceeds
properly by a catch quadrant 15 fixed on the rocking spindle 13, and held by a
catch horn 16 on a curved lever 17 centred on a fixed bracket 18. The usual
hollow slit cone 19 is employed in shaping the cop 20 and is mounted loosely on
the rocking spindle 13, but is held steady whilst working by a shoulder on it
resting on what may be termed the cone rail 21 which is an outer longitudinal
frame bar. Each spindle 3 is pressed forward through or into the cone 19 by means
of a swivel cap 22 on its back end, connected by the two ends of a double cord 23
passing over guide pulleys 24 to a weight 25; and this cap 22 is formed with a
hooked part 46 which slides in a guide formed for it on a transverse rail 47, and
thereby keeps the inner end of the spindle 3 steady. As the spindle 3 fills it is
forced back until the collar 10 on it encounters a tongue or trigger 26 jointed to
the curved lever 17. The pressure on the trigger 26 causes the curved lever 17 to
turn with its upper end forwards, the catch horn 16 on its lower part moving
backwards clear of the catch quadrant 15 on the rocking spindle 13, which last
then by the action of its spring 14 or weight turns, and by the action of the helical
cam 12 disengages the clutch 11, and so stops the rotation of the spindle 3. At the
same time a fork 27 fixed to the curved lever 17 turns down in front of the collar 10
on the spindle 3, and moves the spindle back, so that its front end and the cop 20
on it get clear of the cone 19. The cone 19 then turns with the rocking spindle 13
to one side, and on the curved lever 17 being turned up by hand the cop 20 is
forced partly off the spindle 3 by the action of the fork 27, and can be easily with-
drawn. The collar 10 on the winding spindle 3 on being moved quite back by the
curved lever 17 encounters the helical cam 12 on the rocking spindle 13, and moves
this spindle sufficiently backwards to draw the shoulder of the cone 19 inwards off
the rail 21, so that the cone 19 can turn to one side with the rocking spindle 13, as
herein-before described. This movement of the cone 19 is effected by the action of
the spring 14 or weight on the rocking spindle 13, the boss of the cone being formed
with a tail 28 having sufficient play between two snugs on a quadrant 29 fixed on
the rocking spindle 13 to allow that spindle to turn as far as required to disengage
the driving clutch 11 before the cone 19 moves. A small handle 30 on the front
end of the rocking spindle 13, and outside of the cone rail 21, serves for restoring
the rocking spindle 13 and cone 19 to their working positions.
It is necessary that the trigger 26 as soon as it has been acted on by the collar 10
on the winding spindle 3 should move up out of the way of the further back ward
movement of the collar 10, and it is made to do so by the action of the curved
lever 17 combined with that of a suitably curved edge of the under side of the
trigger on a guide snug or pin formed on or fixed in the bracket 18, the point of the
trigger 26 entering up between the prongs of the fork 27.
The pressure of the fork 27 in pushing off the cop 20 is prevented from moving
the spindle 3 forward again by a flange 31, which may be in the same piece with
the catch quadrant 15 and helical cam 14 on the rocking spindle 13, and which
when that spindle completes its inward movement turns up in front of the collar 10
on the winding spindle 3. The traverse yarn guides 32, one of which is shown
enlarged along with a cone 19 and its carrying parts in Figures 13 and 14 on
Sheet 2 of the Drawings, are fixed on horizontal rocking shafts 33 lying under the
cones 19, and a knife 34 may be fitted to each guide 32 to cut the yarn when the
cop is completed, such knife, which is hinged to the shank of the guide and has a
spring applied to it, being actuated from the rocking spindle 13 when turning the
cone 19 to one side, a pin 35 on the quadrant 29 then striking it.
.The yarn 36, which may be drawn as shown, either of reels 1 or bobbins 2, passes
over a guide pulley or button on the outer end of a lever 37 situated above the
winding spindle 3 and centered on the bracket 18 carrying the curved lever 17.
This guide lever 37 is formed with a short arm 38 at the inner side of its centre,
and is weighted or acted on by a spring tending to raise the guide 37, and on the
yarn breaking or failing this inner arm 38 acts on the curved lever 17, being formed
with an egg-shaped part projecting into an opening in that lever, and causes the

page_text: disengagement of the rocking spindle 13, and consequent stoppage of the winding
spindle 3. The guide lever 37 serves as a hand lever by which to impart the
necessary movements to the curved lever 17 for completing the inward movement
on the winding spindle and for forcing off the cops.
When the yarn 36 is drawn off a bobbin 2 the spindle carrying the bobbin forms
part of a lever 39 (see Figures 10, 11, 12, Sheet 2), which is counterweighted and
is pressed by a nicely adjusted spring 40 in such a way that the edge of the lower
bobbin end rests against a fixed Hange 41 when the yarn is not being drawn off it,
but the strain of drawing off the yarn is sufficient to lift it off the flange 41, or to
lessen its pressure thereon. The lever spindle 39 may be counterweighted in such.
a way as to dispense with the spring 40; this arrangement tends to equalise the
tension of the yarn, as with it any slackening of the yarn makes the bobbin experience
more frictional resistance.
Brackets 42 for carrying reels 1 are mounted on lower longitudinal rails 43 in a
manner that will be understood from Figure 1, and which admits of their being
turned up when required to make room for boxes 44 containing bobbins full of
yarn.
:
When bobbins are to be used a trough may be placed along the middle of the
machine at the top to receive the emptied bobbins, an endless band being arranged
in the trough to convey the bobbins to one end of the machine.
My various improved contrivances herein-before described are obviously susceptible
of modification, as regards the positions and arrangements of the parts; thus the
winding spindle 3 may be placed in inclined or vertical positions, the parts in
connection being adapted to suit; and the rocking spindles 13 may be placed other-
wise than below the winding spindles, as described. There may be two horizontal
rows of horizontal winding spindles on each side of the machine, the pinions
indicated by dotted circles at 45 in Figure 8 for driving the lower row gearing the
with the lower parts of the spur wheels 5, whilst those 4 of the upper row gear with
the upper parts of the same spur wheels. When the spindles 3 are placed vertically
each driving spur wheel 5 may be arranged to drive the pinions of two spindles on
each side of the machine, the said spur wheels 5 being on vertical studs, or if
preferred on short vertical shafts with their bevil wheels 7 in the same pieces with
them, or separate and at a little distance, as may be most convenient.
Figure 18, on Sheet 2 of the Drawings, is a transverse vertical section, and
Figures 19, 20, and 21, are corresponding views showing a modification of my
improved apparatus, which differs from that shown in the other Figures of the
Drawings, and herein-before described, in being simplified by the omission of some
minor details, and in having 'other parts slightly modified in shape; but the parts
corresponding to what are herein-before described are identified by the same
reference numerals, and render a repeated description unnecessary. The collar (10)
on the winding spindle 3 is dispensed with, the taper form of the spindle being
sufficient to retain the cop 20 in its place, whilst a very slightly projecting pin is
inserted at the part corresponding to the base of the cop for catching the yarn and
when beginning to wind.
. Having thus particularly described my said Invention and the manner of per-
forming the same, I have to state that I do not restrict myself to the precise details
herein described or delineated, but that what I believe to be novel and original and
claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is,―
⋅
1. The arrangement of gearing for driving the spindles (3), wherein the pinions (4)
of two or more spindles are driven by a spur wheel (5) carried on a stud, and
formed in one piece with a bevil wheel (7), and the several bevil wheels are driven
by bevil wheels (S) on one or more longitudinal shafts, substantially as herein-before
described.
2. The modification of the driving gearing herein-before described as for vertical
spindles.

page_text: 3. The combination of the clutch (11) and helical cam (12) with the catch details
controlling their action, substantially as herein-before described.
4. The arrangement of the rocking spindle (13) and details immediately connected
with it, substantially as herein-before described.
5. The arrangement of the curved lever (17) with its fork (27), trigger (26), and
hand lever (37), substantially as and for the purposes herein-before described.
6. The tempering or regulating of the tension of the yarn when drawn off &
bobbin by a frictional piece acting on the edge of the bobbin, and against which the
bobbin bears more or less as the tension on the yarn becomes less or more, sub-
stantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Motion, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Nineteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-seven.
ROBERT MOTION. (L.S.)