Improvements in Carriages and the like.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 9th May, 1893
Complete Specification Left. 10th July, 1893-Accepted, 12th Aug., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Carriages and the like.
I, HENRI LOUIS MARIE ACHILLE FARJAS of 25 Rue Godot du Mauroi, Paris,
France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in carriages of various kinds including
vehicles with or without springs; those having two or four wheels; tramway
vehicles, vehicles having handles, wheel barrows, &c.
According to this invention the body of a carriage is so connected with the wheels
as to permit of the displacement of the body in relation to the wheels so that the
mass to be put into motion may be so to speak divided and that after putting into
motion the body, the latter may drag after it the axles and the wheels thereby
facilitating the starting and traction of the carriage.
In order that the nature of this invention may be well understood I will proceed
to describe the same with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which :
Fig. 1 represents in side view improved means of connecting the body of a carriage
with the wheel axle according to this invention; and
Fig. 2 is a vertical section of the same.
Fig. 3 shows in side view a modification thereof; and
Fig. 4 is a detail view of part of the same.
Fig. 5 is a side view of a modification of the arrangement shown in Fig. 3;
Fig. 6 is a corresponding view at right angles thereto,
Fig. 7 shows another modification of the arrangement shown in Fig. 3.
Fig. 8 represents a side view of a fourth modification with jointed arms
particularly applicable to automatic carriages;
Fig. 9 is an end view of the same.
Fig. 10 represents in side view another modification.
Figs. 11, 12 and 13 represent respectively in side view, in plan, and in cross
section another modification.
Figs. 14, 15 and 16 show respectively in end view, in plan, and in cross section
another modification.
Figs. 17, 18 and 19 represent respectively in side view, in plan, and in cross
section another modification; and
Figs. 20, 21 and 22 show respectively in side view, in plan, and in end view
another modification.
As will be seen from Figs. 1 and 2, I apply under each of the ordinary springs a,
a sort of sector 6 furnished at its upper part with a block or plate c formed with
holes through which pass the ends of straps d that connect the sectors to the
springs a. At the juncture e of the radii of each sector is jointed an arm or
support to the upper part of which the axle g is fixed by means of straps h.
the construction of new axles, the piece f may be formed in one piece with the axle ;
the arm may be jointed to a bar or cross piece adapted to unite the two identical
arrangements situated at each side of the carriage.
In
With this arrangement, when a pull is exerted, the body of the carriage and the
sectors move forward in the direction of the arrow, turning about the joints e whilst
the supports f remain vertical. A vertical line through the centre of gravity of
the body instead of passing through the axis of the supports f, then passes for
example, 10 centimetres in advance of the joint e.
As the sectors 6 are rigid, when in this position the weight of the body brings
the axle into the vertical line through the centre of gravity of that body and in
this way, the two consecutive displacements mentioned above are obtained. If the

page_text: vehicle be in motion and it happens to encounter a small obstacle such as a stone
the wheels only will be affected thereby that is to say the vehicle will continue its
motion whilst the wheels, being momentarily retarded, will force the axle backwards
so as to cause the supports to turn on the joints of the sectors. In ascending hills
the line of the centre of gravity of the body of the carriage will be forward of the
axle, which will diminish the draught. In descending hills on the contrary it will
be rearward of the axle and the holding back of the carriage will thus be rendered
more easy.
In the modification represented in Figs. 3 and 4, the ordinary suspension springs a¹
receive a rigid elliptical steel ring b¹ designed to serve as intermediary between the
springs a¹ of the carriage and the axle c'. For this purpose the axle c' is connected
to the piece b¹ by means of rods d' pivoted at their upper and lower parts in the
bushes e (Fig. 4) enclosing the tubes f¹ set in the rods.
The bushes el made of bronze for example, consist of collars g¹ preferably formed
by rolling the extremities of two metallic bands h¹ fixed the one to the plate i of
the axle, and the other under the elliptical piece b'. The rods d' are in duplicate
so as to pass one on each side of the piece 6 as shown in Fig. 4.
In the modification shown in Figs. 5 and 6 the rods d' are not in duplicate but
are of S-form, in such a manner that they are fixed to the plate of the axle by
means of a second S-like piece e below the elliptical piece 6'.
In the arrangement represented in Fig. 7 the lower collars g' form a sort of
bridge which is fixed under the elliptical piece 61, and instead of the straps M
being arranged so as to embrace the elliptical piece as in Fig. 3 they are arranged
so that they embrace the spring a¹ and are fixed by means of nuts N¹ to the
elliptical piece b¹.
In the arrangement for automatic carriages represented in Figs. 8 and 9, the
carriage springs a are joined to other superposed springs i, at the extremities of
which are articulated forked connecting-rods k¹ jointed also at their lower
extremities to bars or cross pieces on which are mounted arms m' jointed in the
seat frame n' of the carriage. Small chains o' attached to the frame p¹ and to the
seat frame of the carriage limit the displacements of the latter.
Referring to Fig. 10 the springs a³, a² of vehicles, such as are at present used,
have their extremities connected by a link, hinge, or equivalent means.
To apply
to such a vehicle this invention in a simple and practical manner, the extremities of
the springs are joined in the following manner :-Each extremity of the upper
spring carries a piece b³, preferably bent round towards the middle of the spring
and joined at its free end with the corresponding extremity of the lower spring by
means of the rods c², c², as shown in Fig. 10. In certain cases, for examples, for
very light carriages or for carriages for conveying wounded persons coiled springs
may take the place of the rods c³. The connecting piece 63 which is situated in
the same vertical plane as the springs a³, a', is formed with a kind of stirrup or
frame through which the lower spring a² passes freely. In order to avoid the
lateral rubbing of these springs against the sides of the frame and to facilitate its
play, I have arranged on each side of said frame friction rollers d' as shown in
Fig. 10.
The arrangement represented by Figs. 11, 12, and 13 comprises a piece of iron
or steel fixed by a plate f" on the ordinary plate g³ of the axle h³.
This piece passes round the inner side of the lower spring a³ so as to form a
standard with two lateral arms preferably arranged in the same plane as the
springs. At the extremity of arms are jointed the connecting-rods which pass
on each side of the lower spring as shown in Fig. 13 of the drawings.
At their lower extremities, the connecting-rods are jointed to the extremities of
a strong plate of approximately bridge form fixed under the spring a³ in any
desired manner.
Instead of being directly connected to each other the axle and the springs are
connected through the medium of the arrangement e,, and whereby the
desired mobility is obtained. The arrangement and the form of the pieces e³, 1, 1³

page_text: and can be varied according to the number of the springs and the special
construction of the vehicle.
In order that the two identical arrangements for each wheel mounted on the
same axle may remain quite parallel, I connect one of the joints of the connecting-
rods with the corresponding rod on the other side of the carriage, by means of a
cross piece which carries rectangularly bent rods m³ going to the joints at the
bottom of the rod ; one or two of these cross pieces are applied to each axle for
the purpose of preventing any disarrangement of the parts.
In the arrangements illustrated in Figs. 14, 15, and 16 and those following,
instead of the axle being arranged under the springs, it is located between the upper
and lower springs.
The arrangement represented in Figs. 14, 15, and 16 comprises a cross-bar n³
fixed on the block o' of the axle p³. To the ends of this cross-bar are jointed con-
necting-rods passing on each side of the lower spring as shown in Figs. 15 and 16.
A piece 9' serves to attach the connecting-rods to the lower spring and fulfils the
same office as the piece k² of the preceding arrangement.
In the arrangement represented in Figs. 17, 18, and 19, two ordinary carriage
springs are placed back to back with the axle between them; the springs are tied
together at their extremities by means of connecting-rods j³, j.
A suspension piece e³ of square form or nearly so is fixed by a block
back of the lower spring and to the carriage body by another block
any desired manner under the main frame work of the carriage.
to the
fixed in
In the arrangement represented in Figs. 20, 21 and 22 the ordinary springs of
the carriage and the additional springs are arranged parallel upon the axle as
shown in Figs. 21 and 22 of the drawings.
The additional springs t³, 2 placed back to back are arranged inside the
springs a; they are connected together by means of connecting-rods ♬ more or
less rigidly.
The upper spring is fixed on the axle and the lower spring carries a cross-
bar u (Fig. 22) designed to connect the springs t2, t with the ordinary carriage
springs a², a². In all the modifications herein before described, the connecting-rods
have been described as being of flat iron, but if friction rollers such as those
marked d in Fig. 10, are employed round iron bars provided with shoulders
designed to maintain the said rollers in position are used.
The details of construction may naturally be varied according to the kind of
carriage, without departing from the essential features of my invention.
Dated this 9th day of May 1893.
H. L. M. A. FARJAS,
By L. W., per F. B.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Carriages and the like.
I, HENRI LOUIS MARIE ACHILLE FARJAS of 25 Rue Godot du Mauroi, Paris,
France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in carriages of various kinds including
vehicles with and without springs; those having two or four wheels; tramway
vehicles, vehicles having handles, wheel barrows, &c.
According to this invention the body of a carriage or vehicle (hereinafter
referred to as the vehicle) is so connected with the wheels as to permit of the
displacement of the body in relation to the wheels in such a manner that the
mass to be put in motion may, 50 to speak be divided and that after the body
has been put in motion, it may drag after it the axles and the wheels thereby
facilitating the starting and traction of the carriage.

page_text: In order that the nature of this invention may be fully understood, I will proceed
to describe the same with reference to the drawings left with my Provisional
Specification, in which:
Fig. 1 represents in side view improved means of connecting the body of a
carriage with the wheel axle according to this invention; and
Fig. 2 is a vertical section of the same.
Fig. 3 shows in side view a modification thereof; and,
Fig. 4 is a detail view of part of the same,
Fig. 5 is a side view of a modification of the arrangement shown in Fig. 3;
Fig. 6 is a corresponding view at right angles thereto.
Fig. 7 shows another modification of the arrangement shown in Fig. 3.
Fig. 8 represents a side view of a fourth modification with jointed arms
particularly applicable to automatic carriages ;
Fig. 9 is an end view of the same.
Fig. 10 represents in side view another modification.
Figs. 11, 12 and 13 represent respectively in side view, in plan, and in cross
section another modification.
Figs. 14, 15 and 16 show respectively in end view, in plan, and in cross section
another modification.
Figs. 17, 18 and 19 represent respectively in side view, in plan, and in cross
section another modification; and
Figs. 20, 21 and 22 show respectively in side view, in plan, and in end view
another modification.
As will be seen from Figs. 1 and 2 there is applied under each of the ordinary
springs a, a sector shaped frame b (hereinafter called a sector) furnished at its
upper part with a block or plate c formed with holes through which pass the ends
of straps d that connect the sectors to the springs a. At the juncture e of the radii
or sides of each sector is jointed an arm or support f to the upper part of which the
axle g is fixed by means of straps h. In the construction of new axles, the piece f
may be formed in one piece with the axle; the arm may be jointed to a bar or
cross piece adapted to unite the two identical arrangements situated at each side of
the vehicle.
With this arrangement, when a pull is exerted, the body of the vehicle and the
sectors move forward in the direction of the arrow, turning about the joints e whilst
the supports tend to remain vertical. A vertical line through the centre of
gravity of the body of the vehicle instead of passing through the axis of the
supports f, then passes for example, 10 centimetres in advance of the joint e. As
the sectors b are rigid, when they are in this position the weight of the body brings
the axle into the vertical line through the centre of gravity of the body and in this
way, the two consecutive displacements mentioned above are obtained. If the
vehicle be in motion and it happens to encounter a small obstacle, such as a stone,
the wheels only will be affected thereby that is to say, the vehicle will continue its
motion whilst the wheels, being momentarily retarded, will force the axle back-
wards so as to cause the arms to turn on the joints of the sectors. In ascending
hills the line of the centre of gravity of the body of the vehicle will be forward of
the axle, which will diminish the draught. In descending hills on the contrary it
will be rearward of the axle and the holding back of the vehicle will thus be
rendered more easy.
In the modification represented in Figs. 3 and 4, the ordinary suspension
springs a' are connected to a rigid elliptical steel piece, b¹ designed to serve as an
intermediary between the springs a' of the vehicle and the axle c'. For this
purpose the axle c¹ is connected to the piece b' by means of rods d' pivoted at their
upper and lower parts in the bushes e¹ (Fig. 4) which enclose the tubes f¹ set in
the rods.
The bushes e, made of bronze for example, are strengthened by collars or
eyes, which may advantageously be formed by rolling the extremities of two
metallic bands h¹ fixed the one to the plate i of the axle, and the other to the under-

page_text: side of the elliptical piece b'. The rods d' are in duplicate as shown in Fig. 4, so
as to pass one on each side of the piece b¹.
In the modification shown in Figs. 5 and 6, the rods d' are not in duplicate but
are of S-form; they are fixed to the plate i of the axle, below the elliptical piece b',
by means of a second S-like piece e¹.
In the arrangement represented in Fig. 7 the lower collars g¹ are connected by a
bridge piece which is fixed to the underside of the elliptical piece 6', and instead
of the straps M' being arranged so as to embrace the said elliptical piece as in
Fig. 3 they are so arranged that they embrace the spring a¹ and are fixed by means
of nuts N' to the elliptical piece b¹.
In the arrangement for automatic vehicles represented in Figs. 8 and 9, the
springs a are connected to other superposed springs j, at the extremities of
which are articulated forked connecting-rods jointed also at their lower
extremities to bars or cross pieces on which are mounted arms m³ jointed in the
seat frame n' of the vehicle. Small chains o' attached to the frame p¹ and to the
seat frame of the vehicle limit the displacements of the latter.
-Each
Referring to Fig. 10, the springs a", a" of vehicles such as are at present
commonly used, have their extremities connected by a link, hinge, or equivalent
means. To apply this invention to such a vehicle in a simple and practical
manner, the extremities of the springs are joined in the following manner :-
extremity of the upper spring carries a piece 611, preferably bent round towards
the middle of the spring and joined at its free end with the corresponding extremity
of the lower spring by means of rods c", el, as shown in Fig. 10. In certain cases, as
for examples, for very light carriages or for carriages for conveying wounded persons,
coiled springs may take the place of the rods c¹. The connecting piece which
is situated in the same vertical plane as the springs a", a", is formed with a kind
of stirrup or frame through which the lower spring a passes freely. In order to
avoid the lateral rubbing of these springs against the sides of the frame and to
facilitate its play, I have arranged on each side of the said frame friction rollers d¹¹
as shown in Fig. 10.
The arrangement represented by Figs. 11, 12, and 13, comprises a piece of iron
or steel el fixed by a plate f" on the ordinary plate g" of the axle ". This metal
piece passes round the inner side of the lower spring a" so as to form a standard
and is provided with two lateral arms " preferably arranged in the same plane as
the springs. At the extremity of the arms are jointed connecting-rods j" which
pass on each side of the lower spring as shown in Fig. 13 of the drawings, and are
jointed at their lower extremities to the extremities of a strong plate of
approximately bridge form fixed to the underside of the spring a¹¹ in any desired
manner.
Thus instead of being directly connected to each other, the axle and the springs
are connected through the medium of the arrangement e, i, j and kl whereby
the desired mobility is obtained. The arrangement and the form of the pieces e¹,
and can be varied according to the number of the springs and the special
construction of the vehicle.
In order that the two identical arrangements for each wheel mounted on the same
axle may remain quite parallel, I connect one of the joints of the connecting-
rods j" with the corresponding joint of the rods on the other side of the vehicle by
means of a cross piece which carries rectangularly bent rods m" going to the
joints at the bottom of the rods j; one or two of these cross pieces are applied to
each axle for the purpose of preventing any disarrangement of the parts.
In the arrangements illustrated in Figs. 14, 15, and 16, and following figures,
instead of the axle being arranged under the springs, it is located between the
upper and lower springs.
The arrangement represented in Figs. 14, 15, and 16 comprises a cross-bar n
fixed on the block o" of the axle pi. To the ends of this cross-bar are jointed
connecting-rods passing on each side of the lower spring as shown in Figs. 15

page_text: and 16. A piece serves to attach the connecting-rods to the lower spring and
fulfills the same office as the piece of the preceding arrangement.
In the arrangement represented in Figs. 17, 18 and 19, the ordinary carriage
springs are placed back to back with the axle between them; and the springs
are tied together at their extremities by means of connecting-rods 11. A
suspension piece e², of square form or nearly so in side view is fixed by a block "
to the back of the lower spring all and to the carriage body by another blocks"
fixed in any desired manner under the main frame work of the carriage.
In the arrangement represented in Figs. 20, 21 and 22, the ordinary springs a"
of the vehicle and the additional springs t" are arranged in parallel planes upon
the axle as shown in Figs. 21 and 22.
The additional springs t", ", placed back to back, are arranged inside the
springs all and are connected together more or less rigidly by means of connecting-
rods j¹¹.
The upper of these springs is fixed on the axle and the lower one carries a
cross-bar u (Fig. 22) designed to connect the springs t", with the ordinary
carriage springs a". In the modifications herein before described, the connecting-
rods have been described as of flat iron, but if friction rollers such as those
marked in Fig. 10, are employed round iron bars provided with shoulders
designed to maintain the said rollers in position may be used.
As will be obvious the details of construction may be varied according to the
kind of vehicle, without departing from the essential features of my invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:-
:-
1. A wheeled vehicle in which the body thereof is connected with the wheels in
such a
manner that at the starting of the vehicle it will be displaced in a
longitudinal direction relatively to the wheels and that after it has been put in
motion it will drag the wheels after it substantially as herein described for the
purpose specified.
2. A vehicle of the kind referred to in Claim 1 in which a sector is fixed to
the underside of each of the ordinary carriage springs a and arms ƒ carrying the
wheel axle are jointed to the two sectors at e the arrangement being such that the
springs and connected sectors can be displaced to a limited extent, in a longitudinal
direction, relatively to the arms fand wheel axle substantially as hercin described
with reference to and shown in Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings for the purpose
specified.
3. The modified arrangement represented in Figs. 3 and 4 and 7 in which the
carriage springs a' are connected to the axle by means of an elliptical piece b¹ and
connecting-rods d' which permit the body of the carriage to be displaced relatively
to the axle substantially as described.
4. The modified arrangement represented in Figs. 5 and 6 in which the
elliptical pieces 6' are attached to the axle c¹ by means of S-shaped rods
substantially as described.
5. The modified arrangement represented in Figs. 8 and 9 in which the
carriage springs a¹ are connected to other springs to which are pivoted links k
jointed at to arms m' which support the body of the carriage substantially as
described.
6. The modified arrangement represented in Fig. 10 in which the springs fixed
on the underside of the body of the carriage are connected to those fixed on the
axle by means of jointed connecting-rods 6₁ and c¹¹ substantially as described and
shown.
7. The modified arrangement represented in Figs. 11, 12, and 13 in which the
springs a are connected to the axle by means of a piece e" arms ¹¹ connecting
rods, and piece " substantially as described.

page_text: 8. The modified arrangement represented in Figs. 14, 15 and 16 in which the
springs all are connected to the axle p¹¹ by means of arms n", connecting rods j",
and a bent piece q" substantially as described.
9. The modified arrangement represented in Figs. 17, 18 and 19 in which the
pairs of springs a" are placed back to back and are connected by means of rods j",
the lower spring of each pair being attached to the body of the carriage by the
bent piece e substantially as described.
10. The modified arrangement represented in Figs. 20, 21 and 22 comprising
springs placed back to back and connected by the rods,, and
springs a", a the lowermost spring t" being attached to the lowermost spring a"
by means of a cross-bar u¹¹ substantially as described.
1000
H. L. M. A. FARJAS,
By L. W., per F. B.