AN IMPROVEMENT IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING FIGURED VELVET CARPETS AND SUCH LIKE FABRICS
Year: 1885

page_text: I, JOHN IMRAY, of N° 28 Southampton Buildings Chancery Lane in the county
of Middlesex, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent do hereby declare the nature
of my invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING FIGURED VELVET
CARPETS AND SUCH LIKE FABRICS" to be as follows:-
In the Spec to Letters Patent N° 1259 of 1883 granted for an invention
communicated to me by Adrien Duquesne I described means of weaving piled
fabrics by certain up and down and lateral movements of needles through the eyes
of which pass warps.
The present invention relates to modifications of looms
operating in this manner by which they are rendered capable of weaving figured
fabrics according to patterns determined by Jacquard apparatus. For this purpose
the eyes of the needles are extended in depth so as to admit through them several
warp threads, three for example, of different colours. These three threads after
passing through one needle eye pass through three separate eyes of Jacquard
harness, by which any one of them may be raised above the straight warp when
the needle is raised, while the others remain below, the required colour being thus
presented on the face of the fabric. As the pile conceals on both sides the main
warp threads they may be of flax or cotton, while the pile yarns are of wool or
other material. The needles are moved vertically by treadles and laterally by cams
and springs as described in the Specification above referred to, but one of the
needle frames is arranged to have a vertical stroke double that of the other which
works the Jacquard and the pawl lever that works the cam giving the lateral
movement of the former is made with a bent instead of a straight slot to allow for
the greater vertical movement. The pile yarns are drawn from bobbins mounted
in frames behind the loom, each bobbin having a plate pressed against its periphery
by a spring so as to operate as a friction brake, and the tension being given to the
yarn by passing it over two bars and through an eye between them from which
hangs a weight. As described in the previous Specification above referred to, the
Price 671
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page_text: lateral movement of each needle bar is effected to the one hand by the partial
turn of a polygonal cam, its return being effected by a spring, which according to
the present invention, is a blade spring carrying a roller which bears against the
end of the needle bar opposite to that against which the cam bears.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant,
28, Southampton Buildings,
London, W.C.
I, JOHN IMRAY of No. 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane in the county
of Middlesex, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of my invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING FIGURED VELVET
CARPETS AND SUCH LIKE FABRICS and in what manner the same is to be
"
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
In the Specification to Letters Patent No 1259 of 1883 granted for an invention
communicated to me by Adrien Duquesne, I described means of weaving piled
fabrics by certain up and down and lateral movements of needles through the eyes
of which pass warps. The present invention relates to modifications of looms
operating in this manner, by which they are rendered capable of weaving figured
fabrics according.to patterns determined by Jacquard apparatus, as I will describe
referring to the accompanying drawings. Figs. 1 and 2 are respectively transverse
and longitudinal sections shewing a loom modified according to this invention.
The other figures, which are drawn to an enlarged scale, shew details; thus figs. 3
and 4 shew an arrangement for giving tension to the colored warps; figs 5 and 6
shew in side view and plan the gear for giving lateral movement to the needle
frames, figs. 7 and 8 are full size views of the two kinds of needles employed. The
straight warp A taken from a beam A¹ passes through a reed A² under a bar A*
through another reed c and through the reed of the batten O. This warp A
remains always at the same level and serves as a kind of base for the fabric. The
binding warp B taken from the beam B¹ passes partly round bars B' through eyes
of needles a shewn in fig. 7 and thence through the reeds c and O. This warp B,
which acts as a binder for the looser yarns of the fabric, receives from the needles a
through which it passes, two movements, a movement up and down and a move-
ment from side to side resulting from the movements of the bar 6 on which the

page_text: needles a are fixed. The colored warps C taken from bobbins mounted on frames D
pass through between the needles a under bars c', through eyelets c² of the heddles B
of a Jacquard apparatus E which may be placed as shewn at the top of the loom.
The heddles B are strained by weights Y. From the eyelets c² the colored warps
pass through the elongated eyes of the needles a¹ shewn in fig. 8, and then through
the reed of O.
It is to be understood that a number of differently colored yarns C, for example
three, as indicated in fig. 1, pass through the eye of each needle a¹ but the yarn of
each color passes singly through one of the eyelets c². The needles a' which are
fixed on a bar b₁ have like the needles a two movements, one up and down and
one from side to side, but the upstroke of the bar b¹ and its needles may be made
double that of a¹. The up and down movements of the needles a and b are
effected by treadles e e¹ e³, connected by cords or chains & passing over pulleys to
the bars a¹ b¹ carrying the needles. The treadle e when it is depressed raises the
needles a sufficiently to bring the binding warps B above the shed.
when it is depressed, raises the needles a¹ about twice as much, and consequently,
The treadle et
notwithstanding the depth of the eyes of the needles a³, the colored warps C may
be thus raised above the shed.
By depressing the treadle e² which is attached by a loose chain, the needles a¹
are only partially raised, not enough to bring the colored warps C above the shed
but then one or more of these may be raised above the shed by the Jacquard, the
height of the eye of a¹ allowing for this additional ascent. As described in the
previous specification No 1259 of 1883 above referred to, the needle bars b and b¹
while they ascend are also moved towards the one side by the action of the gear
shewn in figs. 5 and 6, that is to say, the stud s on the bar b¹ acting in the slot of
the lever q carrying the spring pawl r causes the ratchet wheel p to be turned one
tooth and thus the polygonal cam o which is on the same axis with p is turned
partly round, its angle pushing the bar 6' with its needles a¹ to the left, as seen in
fig. 5.
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When the angle of the cam o passes what may be termed the dead centre, a
bar w pressed upwards by a spring z causes the cam o to complete its partial turn
and holds it, as shewn in fig. 5 until it is again moved partly round by the pawl.
The bar bis constantly pressed towards the cam o by a spring v carrying a
roller v¹, which bears against the opposite end of the bar. The movement of the
bar b and its needles a is similar to that described in respect of b¹ and a¹ except
that in this case, as there is less upstroke of b, the lever q terminates just beyond
the stud 8 as indicated by the dotted semi-circle in fig. 5.
The extension of the slot of q in the inclined direction indicated at y in fig. 5,
allows for for the greater ascent of the bar b' without giving more movement to p
than one tooth.
+
As shown in fig. 4 the tension of each of the warp yars C is effected by passing
it over bars M and through the eye of a suspended weight L, while the bobbin His
retarded by a friction plate J pressed against the yarn by springs N. Any known
way of giving the required tension may however be employed. The depression of
the treadle e besides moving the needles a¹ half a stroke upwards, also by means
of a cord or chain moves the Jacquard apparatus E so that when e is depressed
bringing all the colored yarns C up towards the shed, one or other of them is
selected and raised by the Jacquard action above the shed, and the weft is shot
under it. By varying the succession of movements of the three pedals, various
characters of fabrics may obviously be produced, their figuring being determined
by the colors of the yarns C and the selections of these made by the Jacquard.
For example, the following succession of movements might be made.
1. The treadle e being depressed, the colored yarns C are by the needles a¹
noved to one side of the warps A and B and raised up towards but not above the
shed; then, one or other of them being farther raised by the Jacquard above the .
shed and a wire being introduced, the needles are allowed to descend,

page_text: 2. The treadle e¹ being depressed, all the colored yarns C are raised by the
needles a¹ above the shed and a weft being shot they are allowed to descend.
3. The treadle e being depressed, the binding warps B are raised by the needles a
'above the shed, and, a weft being shot, they are allowed to descend.
In this manner, by the passing of the moveable warps to one side or the other
of the stationary warps rising between to form a shed for the weft, and then
descending in such order as may be desired and with such selections of the colored
yarns as the Jacquard apparatus may determine, a great variety of textures and
patterns may be produced, and as the colored yarns conceal the stationary and
binding warps A and B and the weft, these may be of flax or cotton while the
colored warps are of wool or other material.
I have used the expression "colored warps " to denote those by which the design
is given, but I do not limit myself necessarily to different colors, as the said warps
may be merely of different kinds, shades or thicknesses.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I hereby declare that
I make no general claim to the use in a loom of vertically and laterally moving
needles carrying warp yarns, nor to the operation of such needles and their moving
warps in combination with stationary warps; but what I claim is
In a loom for weaving figured velvet carpets and such like fabrics, the com-
bination of a set of long-eyed vertically and laterally moving needles or guides
each carrying several warp yarns of different colors.or kinds with a corresponding
set of Jacquard heddles, oach heddle taking one of the said warp yarns, arranged
and operating substantially as herein described and illustrated by the drawings.