Improvements in Electric Motors.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 16th July, 1891
Complete Specification Left, 16th May, 1892-Accepted, 18th June, 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Electric Motors.
I, SAMUEL WILLIAM MAQUAY of 1 Whittingstall Road, Fulham in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows :-
My invention relates to improvements in electric motors. The motor constructed
according to my invention consists of say four electro magnets arranged in pairs
opposite to each other with a pivoted armature between each pair, each armature
being connected through suitable crank rods with a double crank shaft.
The positive current is taken to and divided between the electro magnets which
are caused to alternately attract the armatures between same, the reciprocation of
which will through the crank rods operate the shaft continuously in one direction.
In place of a commutator brush I prefer to employ an arm mounted on the crank
shaft and rotating therewith carrying a roller through which the negative current
passes, while the commutator consists of say four insulated sections arranged around
the shaft upon which the roller travels. Around these insulated sections are
arranged a similar number of rings suitably insulated from each other, each ring
being connected by a wire to one of the electro magnets, while each of the sections
before referred to carries a pressing spring which bears upon one of the said rings.
The sections are controlled by a handle or lever by which they may be moved
around the shaft so as to alter their position in respect to the rings in order that the
direction of the current may be varied as required. For instance by one movement
the current will be shut off from, say two of the magnets which will cease to be
energized with the result that the power of the motor will be decreased, or the
current passed into the magnets may be partly cut off so that their powers of
attraction for the reciprocating armatures will be considerably reduced, the
arrangement enabling all varieties of speeds to be obtained. At one point in the
position of the switch handle or lever the powers of attraction of all the magnets
will all be equal, so that the motor will be stopped, and by putting the lever over,
the armatures will be started to reciprocate in the opposite direction, thus reversing
the motion of the shaft.
In place of having the plain armatures I may employ wound electro magnets
which will be energized so that a repulsive power is imparted to them in connection
with the magnet which they are being drawn away from.
Dated this 16th day of July 1891.
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Applicant's Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Electric Motors.
I, SAMUEL WILLIAM MAQUAY, of 1 Whittingstall Road, Fulham in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
O manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in electric motors. The motor constructed
according to my invention consists of say four electro magnets arranged in pairs
opposite to each other with a pivoted armature between each pair, each armature
5 being connected through suitable crank rods with a double crank shaft.

page_text: The positive current is taken to and divided between the electro magnets which
are caused to alternately attract the armatures between same, the reciprocation of
which will through the crank rods operate the shaft continuously in one direction.
In place of a commutator brush I prefer to employ an arm mounted on the crank
shaft and rotating therewith carrying a roller through which the positive current
passes, while the commutator consists of say four insulated sections arranged around
the shaft upon which the roller travels.
Around these insulated sections are arranged a similer number of rings suitably
insulated from each other, each ring being connected by a wire to one of the electro
magnets, while each of the sections before referred to carries a pressing spring
which bears upon one of the said rings.
The sections are controlled by a handle or lever by which they may be moved
around the shaft so as to alter their position in respect to the rings in order that the
direction of the current may be varied as required, the movement causing the
magnets to be energised when the armatures are at the greatest distance from them
and to be prematurely cut off before the armature reach them so that the powers of
attraction of the magnets are reduced. At one point in the position of the switch
handle or lever the powers of attraction of all the magnets will all be equal so that
the motor will be stopped, and by putting the lever over, the armatures will
be started to reciprocate in the opposite direction thus reversing the motion of
the shaft.
In place of having the plain armatures I may employ wound electro magnets
which will be alternately energised so that a repulsive power is imparted to them in
connection with the magnet which they are being drawn away from.
To clearly explain the nature of my invention reference is made to the
accompanying drawings in which
Figure 1 is an end elevation looking in the direction of the main shaft and of the
arrow Figure 3.
Figure 2 is a plan of same.
Figure 3 is a side elevation.
Figure 4 is an end view on an enlarged scale of the commutator and ring disc
around same.
Figure 5 is a section through Figure 4.
Figure 6 is a view of the commutator and disc looking in the direction of the
arrow Figure 5 and
Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating the path of the current through the motor.
As shewn the motor is provided with four pairs of electro magnets a b c d
between each two pairs being arranged armatures e pivoted at the points g
as shown. The armatures are connected through the rods with the cranks i on the
shaft j said cranks being placed at right angles so as to prevent "dead centering."
The shaft j has affixed to it an insulated arm & carrying a roller and for the
purpose of preventing this being dulled by reason of the sparking which may take
place as it travels around the commutator I mount upon said arm a metal brush m
which acts to polish the surface of the roller as it rotates. The roller / is not
carried directly by the arm but by a short rod k to which the spindle of the
roller is connected as shown in Figure 5. The rod is surrounded by a spring
which is compressed by the screw cap 2 against a shoulder of the rod so that the
spindle can move up and down in a slot provided for it in the arm K. In this
way the pressure exerted on the roller can be regulated. A roller n carried by an
arm o is caused to travel on a suitable grooved (or plain) portion or collar of the
arm k as shown so as to collect the current therefrom, said roller having pressure
applied to it by a spring p for the purpose of keeping it in contact.
The arm o is pivoted to a block or standard q carrying the positive terminal r.
The shaft is surrounded by a plate or disc to of wood or other insulating material
as shown in Figures 4, and 5 said disc being affixed to the bed plate and having on
one face of it four concentric metal rings 1. 2. 3. 4 each one of which is connected
to a wire or lead of one of the four pairs of magnets.

page_text: Inside this disc or plate w is a second annular discs of wood or insulating
material filling closely but capable of a rotary movement therein. On one face of
the discs are four metal segments 5. 6. 7. 8 as shown in Figures 5 and 6 which are
suitably secured to the disc said segments carrying spring contact makers 5* 6*7* 8ª
attached by screws or bolts as shown to metal segments 5" 6" 7" 8b as shown in
Figures 4 and 5 said segments having flanged portions upon which travel the
roller l.
The circuits through the motor are clearly shown in the diagram Figure 7 in
which it will be seen that the positive current coming in to the terminal 7 passes
through the arm o to roller n from whence it passes to the arm k roller and in the
rotation of said arm and roller to the segments 5° 6° 7b 8b from them to the
contact springs 5" 6" 7" 8* which serve to pass the current to the rings 1. 2. 3. 4
the wires 12" 3" 4" leading from which divide it between the four pairs of
magnets a b c d from whence it passes to the negative terminal t.
It will be seen
by reference to Figures 2 and 6 that the segment 6 has a handle secured thereto
by means of which the commutator discs may be moved around inside the disc w
for the purpose of regulating the speed of or stopping or reversing the motor the
commutator s fitting sufficiently tightly into the disc to to remain in the position
which it is moved to.
The motor as shown is capable by altering the angle of the four sections of the
commutator in respect to their position on the shaft of a large variation of speed
while by bringing one of the segments into position so that the whole of the current
is divided among all the magnets the motor will be stopped, one of the armatures
being balanced between its pairs of magnets and the other being fixed up against
the other pairs, until the regulating handle or lever is again moved.
As another means of stopping the motor I may insert an insulated section in each
of the rings 1. 2. 3. 4 so that when the handle is in one position the springs 5ª 6ª 7ª
and 8 will be resting on an insulated section.
It will be noticed by reference to Figures 1. 2. 3 and diagram Figure 7 that when
one crank rod h (in this the right hand one) is in its extreme position and its
armature fis close up against the magnets & the other crank rod has brought the
armature e midway between the magnets a and b and in this position all the current
would be passing through the magnets 6 as it will be observed that the roller lis
resting on the segment 5 so that the circuit is completed through the magnets b by
way of the wire 2* ring 2. contact spring 5* and roller so that the armature e ís
being attracted to said magnet b.
Supposing now that the crank shaft is revolving in the direction of the curved
arrows Figures 1 and 7, the regulating lever being in the vertical position shown
which is a full speed position for one direction, the crank shaft in its revolution
brings the roller / on to the next segment 8b and thus engages the magnets c by
way of the wire 1* ring 1 and contact spring 8* so that the armature fis attracted
toward said magnets c the other armature e being moved by its crank rod toward
the magnet a. The roller? next reaches the segment. 7b and energises the magnets a
through wire a ring 4 and contact spring 7" so that said magnet now attracts the
armature e. The roller 7 next reaches the segment 6b and energises the magnets d
through wire 5* ring 5 and contact spring 6ª so that the armature fis attracted to
those magnets and finally this roller regains the segment 5b and again energises the
magnets b. To reduce the speed of the motor the handle will be shifted to the
right looking in the direction of the arrow Figure 2 the effect of which will be that
the segment 8b will be moved under the roller / so that the current will pass to the
magnets c which are thus energised to draw the armature ftoward them. As this
armature is again in the position shown in Figure 1 it will be seen that it has a
longer distance to travel before reaching the magnet c than the armature e has to
travel when it is in the position shown and the magnet 6 is energised.
In the revolution of the roller the magnet c is now cut off before the armature f
reaches same by the roller reaching the segment 7" and energising the magnet a,
this being effected when the armature e is at its extreme distance from it and its cut

page_text: off taking place before the armature reaches same. After the magnet a is energised
the magnet d is again thrown in and has to pull the armature its extreme distance
and is again prematurely cut off, the operation being as will be seen the same as
when the motor is working at full speed but with the difference that the magnets
are energised when the armatures are at the greatest distance from them and are
cut off before they reach same. By moving the handle further over still the
magnets are cut off while the armatures are at a still greater distance from them
and in fact this may be continued until the armatures are only attracted when
midway between the magnets so that they will vibrate backward and forward and
finally stop as the power of attraction of the magnets become equal on all the
armatures.
ย
The handle will then be down at right angles to the position in which it is
shown which will be its stopping position.
To reverse the motor the handle is still further pushed round so that the motor
starts at a slow speed in the opposite direction by reason of the magnets being
energised in the opposite order until the handle is in the opposite position to that
shown which is the full speed position in the other direction.
In describing the operation in other words it may be said that the segments are
arranged in the first instance in a certain relation to the magnets, so that the roller
in travelling over same fully energises each magnet in its order, and that by altering
the angle of the said segments by turning them around on the shaft the respective
magnets are energised later and cut off sooner so that the power is decreased or
by further moving the segments the current is reversed or equalized on all the
magnets.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. An electric motor or the like having two or more sets of magnets with an
oscillating armature (or electro magnet) between each set connected to suitable
crank rods, the leads of said magnets being in connection with a commutator
adjustable with respect to same and provided with a current carrying or collecting
roller operated by the revolving shaft substantially as described.
2. In an electric motor or the like a plate or disc provided with insulated rings
in connection with the magnets, contact springs bearing on said ring in connection
with the commutator segments, said commutator being capable of movement to alter
the position of said segments and a current carrying or collecting roller bearing on
said commutator and operated by the rotating shaft substantially as described.
3. The improvements in electric motors substantially as described and illustrated.
Dated this 14th day of May 1892.
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.