Improvements in and relating to the Construction of Anvils and Dies for Hammers and like Objects and in the Construction or Manufacture of same.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Feb., 1889
Specification Accepted, 25th May, 1889
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to the Construction of Anvils and
Dies for Hammers and like Objects and in the Construction or
Manufacture of same.
I, WILLIAM HENRY MELANEY, residing at the Corner of 46th and Davison Streets,
in the City of Pittsburg, County of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, one of the
United States of America, gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to anvils, hammer and like dies, its object being to provide an
anvil or hammer or other die which possesses in its body such strength as will enable
the body to resist without fracture very severe blows or jars, while at the same time the
wearing face or faces are formed of such hard metal as will resist the wearing action
of the continued impact or blows upon its surface so that the life of the anvil, hammer
or like articles is greatly extended. In anvils my improvement also relates to
obtaining the greatest strength in the parts thereof subjected to strain, such as
in the horn or beak, thereby uniting in a cheap anvil the necessary strength
of body, wearing properties in the face and strength to resist the special strains
brought upon the horn or beak.
To these ends my invention consists, generally stated, in an anvil, hammer or like
die having a body of steel and a facing of chilled cast iron on the wearing surface
thereof. It also consists in an anvil having its body formed of cast steel and having
a facing of chilled cast iron on the anvil face to resist the wear, while the horn or beak
of the anvil is formed of forged steel to impart to it the necessary strength for
resisting bending or like strains.
To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will describe
the same more fully, referring to the accompanying drawings, in which-
Figure 1, is a sectional view of an anvil embodying my invention before the 'born
or beak thereof is brought to its finished shape,
Figure 2, is a side view of the finished anvil having the forged steel horn or beak.
Figure 3, is a view of an ordinary hammer die, and
Figure 4, is a view of an ordinary drop or stamping die.

page_text: Like letters of reference indicate like parts in each. ·
Where my invention is applied to anvils, such as shown in Figures 1 and 2, the
body, a, of the anvil is formed of cast steel, the horn, c, is formed of the same material,
while the facing, b, on the anvil is formed of chilled cast iron, the chilled cast iron
being united to the body, a, of the anvil by fusion so as to form an intimate and
perfect union therewith. The body, a, extends under the rear end of the chilled face as
at, d, so giving a support to the entire chilled facing, and this body, a, is formed of
homogeneous or low grade steel which has all the strength and toughness necessary
to sustain the jar or blows brought upon the chilled surface of the anvil, while the
chilled cast iron of the facing, b, is so hard that it will withstand without appreciable
wear the blows brought upon it in the forging and like operations generally carried on on
the surface of the Anvil. As the facing, b, is united to the steel, body, a, by fusion,
it is perfectly supported thereby, and consequently there is no liability whatever of
the chilled facing being loosened or separated from the body, a, by the blows of the
hammer or other means. In practice, I generally form the body, a, of low grade
steel, and under that term I include a steel or iron as low or free from carbon as can
be cast in a mold, the body, a, and horn, c, being formed of this steel, while the chilled
facing, b, is composed of chilled cast iron, and is generally one inch or one and one-
fourth inch in thickness. The horn or heak, c, of the anvil is formed integral with
the body, a, thereof and as it is composed of homogeneous or low grade steel this horn
can, after the casting, be reheated and forged to shape, the shape of the horn when
cast being shown in Figure 1, while in Figure 2, is shown the forged and finished
horn which has been reheated and drawn out under the hammer, so compacting it
and adding greatly to the strength, tensile, torsional, and transverse of this part of
the anvil, which subjected to heavy strains and is liable to be broken.
In Figure 3, is shown an ordinary hammer die which is adapted to be secured
either to the base of the anvil or to the reciprocating head of the steam or other like
hammer. This hammer die has the body, a, of steel and the facing, b, of chilled cast
iron, the metals employed in the hammer die being substantially such as described in
connection with the anvils shown in Figures 1 and 2. In Figure 4, are shown
stamping dies such as used in stamping or crushing mills, the bodies, a of said dies
being formed of steel and the facings, b, thereof being formed of chilled cast iron,
while either one or both dies has the shank, e, by which it is secured in place in the
stamping mill or drop hammer. These stamping dies have heretofore been formed
of chilled cast iron in order to provide a sufficiently hard surface to withstand the
very severe wear brought upon their faces and great loss has been occasioned on
account of the breaking of the dies because of the brittle nature of the metal from
which they have been formed. Where, however, only the facings of these dies are
formed of chilled cast iron, the facings are supported by the tough steel bodies of
the dies, to which they are united by fusion, on account of the intimate union
between the facings and the steel bodies, it is evident that the dies are able to
withstand much more severe blows, and it is evident that their wearing quality can
be largely extended.
In forming my improved anvil, hammer or other die, I employ any suitable mold
for the purpose having therein a mold chill with which the molten chilling cast iron
comes in contact, in most cases the chill being placed in the bottom of the mold,
though if desired for any particular reason, it may be placed either in the sides or
top thereof, and the chilling cast iron is first run into the mold, when, as it comes
in contact with the mold chill therein that portion thereof in contact with the
mold chill becomes chilled, or rapidly congealed, so forming the chilled or hardened
facing thereon; and immediately after the cast iron is run into the mold
the steel is poured therein and this steel entering the mold comes in contact
with the entire surface of the chilled facing formed in the mold and unites therewith
by fusion, the molten steel, on account of its greater specific gravity, floating or
discharging from the mold any molten or unchilled cast iron therein, so that there is
a perfect contact and intimate union between the chilled shell and molten steel forming
the body of the anvil or hammer die. In hammer dies such as shown in Figure 3, or

page_text: stamping dies such as shown in Figure 4, the dies are practically finished in the
casting operation, it only being necessary in some cases to grind or plane the surface
of the dies. In the manufacture of anvils however, in order to obtain the necessary
strength and thickness in the horn or beak of the anvil, this part of the anvil is
heated in a suitable forge and is then forged out, being drawn under a hammer
to the desired shape and a perfect surface formed thereon, while the metal is so
compacted and strengthened as to make this part of the anvil, which has generally
been considered the weakest part, sufficiently strong to withstand all ordinary strains.
The working face, b, formed of chilled cast iron may then be ground or planed as
designed, so finishing the anvil.
By my invention I am thus enabled to provide anvils, hammer dies, etc., which
while having the hard surface adapted to withstand the wear which is obtained by the
chilled cast iron, have also the necessary toughness and strength of body so that there
is practically no liability of breaking or crushing of the anvil or die and the chilled
facing is properly supported by the tough and strong metal forming the body of
the article. In anvils I am also enabled to obtain an anvil having superior qualities
at a practically low cost as in order to obtain the desired strength within the anvil
it has been generally considered necessary to forge the anvil from wrought metal and
weld a steel face thereon, this being a costly and laborious operation, and in my
improved anvil, I obtain without the labor of forging the entire article or welding
the facing thereon, an anvil having a tough and strong body and stiffened finished
horn and a facing which is much harder and better suited to resist wear than is
obtained in anvils of other manufactures, as above referred to.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is-
First. As a new article of manufacture, an anvil, hammer or like die, having a
body of cast steel and a facing of chilled cast iron united thereto, substantially as and
for the purposes set forth.
Second. As a new article of manufacture, an anvil having its body and horn
formed of cast steel and a facing of chilled cast iron on the face of the anvil united
to the body, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
Third. As a new article of manufacture, the anvil having its body formed of cast
steel and a facing of chilled cast iron on the face thereof united to the body and a
horn or beak formed of forged steel, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
1000
WILLIAM HENRY MELANEY.
By Jensen & Son,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Patent Agents.
WILLIAM HENRY MELANEY.
By Jensen & Son,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Patent Agents.