Year: 1883

page_text: We RICHARD BROWN, ROBERT WILLIAM BARNES and JOSEPH BELL, all of 31
Bold Street, in the City of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, seek leave to
amend the specification of Letters Patent, No. 1380 of 1883, as shown in red ink
in the certified copy of the original specification hereunto annexed:
Our reasons for making this amendment are as follows:-
-
Since filing the Specification of the above named Patent we have found that
certain methods and processes described therein are either wanting in novelty, or
possess little, or no commercial value.
We therefore desire to eliminate such parts of the description, also to render
more clear and definite the nature of the invention and to amend and restrict the
Title and Claims in accordance therewith.
RICHARD BROWN.
R. W. BARNES.
JOSEPH BELL.

page_text: In the matter of Letters Patent granted to Richard Brown, Robert William
Barnes, and Joseph Bell all of the City of Liverpool in the County of
Lancaster. Dated 15th March 1883. N° 1380.
I hereby grant leave to the said Richard Brown, Robert William Barnes, and
Joseph Bell to amend the Specification filed in pursuance of the said Letters Patent
in the manner proposed.
H. READER LACK,
Comptroller General.

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Brown and Robert William Barnes and Joseph
Bell all of the City of Liverpool in the County of Lancaster for an Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE PREPARATION OF PICTURES AND
PHOTOGRAPHS TO BE USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF PICTURES BY THE ART OF
PHOTOGRAPHY AND PHOTO-ENGRAVING AND IN THE PRODUCTION OF GELATINE
RELIEFS AND PRINTING SURFACES THEREFROM.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Brown; Robert
William Barnes, and Joseph Bell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents
on the 15th March 1883.
:
RICHARD BROWN and ROBERT WILLIAM BARNES and JOSEPH BELL, all of the City
of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO
THE PREPARATION OF PICTURES AND PHOTOGRAPHS TO BE USED IN THE PRODUCTION
OF PICTURES BY THE ART OF PHOTOGRAPHY AND PHOTOENGRAVING AND IN THE
PRODUCTION OF GELATINE RELIEFS AND PRINTING SURFACES THEREFROM
"
Our Invention relates to certain Improvements hereinafter more particularly:
mentioned in the preparation of pictures and photographs to be used in the
production of pictures by the art of photography and photoengraving and in the
production of gelatine reliefs and printing surfaces therefrom.
The object of our Invention is to produce pictures, or: photographs with a
grained, or lined surface, so that they are suitable for use in the production of
pictures by the art of photography and photoengraving and photolithography.
Previous to our Invention, in the art of photoengraving, or photolithography
amongst other methods it has been the practice to produce metal type from
gelatine reliefs and then to grain the type surface, or the stone. The surface. on
the metal type has also been produced by the processes known as zincography,
phototype, photolithography and the like, which processes have hitherto been
confined to reproducing from what are technically known as point pictures. We
in our application for Letters Patent N° 5086 AD 1882 describe a means of
producing a grained surface on the type by the use of a gauze, or perforated sheet,
or by graining the type surface by the use of fine wire gauze, muslin soaked in
glue, or sandpaper. The grain of such material being embedded into the type by
pressure.
Our present Invention consists in preparing and producing pictures, photographs
and grained type by the following methods.
Under the First part of our Invention we take the picture, which may be any
half tone picture, or photograph; and we give it a stipled, grained, or lined surface
which is effected under one method by hand artistic manipulation, by stipling,
lining, hatching, roughing, or breaking up the surface, or any portion of the
surface, for example by stipling with pigments, or inks, or by abraiding the surface,
or by imparting a grained, or lined surface to the picture by pressure from a
grained, or lined gelatine relief, or from a grained, or lined steel plate, stone, or the
like. After imparting the grain to the picture it is rubbed over with a soft

page_text: "
pigment which shows the grain up. Another method consists in lining, or graining
the surface of the picture by printing the stippling, graining, or lining on the
picture from a copper plate, or other printing medium by the use of printers inks.
Having so produced the stipled, or lined surface on the picture, it is submitted to
artistic manipulation, whereby it is perfected into condition for use in many of the
processes at present known. The picture so prepared can be used for producing
printing surfaces by such processes as Woodbury type, zincography, photo-
engraving, photolithography and the like on stone, metal, or other surface, which
processes have hitherto been confined to reproducing from what are technically
known as "point pictures," whereas by our process printing surfaces can be
produced from natural objects animate and inanimate, for example, having obtained
a negative, or a positive photograph from the prepared picture as above described,
we produce a gelatine relief in the manner well known in the art of photography.
This gelatine relief will have a grained surface over the picture and background
and when applied in the production of metal type printing surfaces as by the
Woodbury process, or as by the process patented to us No 5086 AD 1882, the
metal type printing surface resulting from the above described operations has a
grained, or lined surface, such as is suitable for printing from with ordinary
printers inks.
We utilize that part of our Invention where the grained, or lined surface is
produced upon a photograph by pressure from a grained, or lined surface, such as
a gelatine relief, for other purposes than the processes herein before mentioned,
namely, for graining, or lining ordinary photographs for direct sale or otherwise.
Under the second part of our Invention we take a grained, or lined object such
as finely grained, or lined paper, or other material, or the natural grain, or lines of
any material such as leather, or linen, from this object we take a negative
photograph, we also take a negative photograph of the picture. In printing a
positive on sensitized paper we first expose the grained, or lined negative, or the
negative of the picture, and before the positive is fixed we expose the other
negative. We thus produce a positive having the picture and likewise a grained,
or lined surface over the picture. This positive can be utilized for the processes
described under the first part.
"
Under the third part of our Invention we take a grained, or lined object such
as finely grained, or lined paper, or other material, or the natural grain, or lines of
any material such as leather, or linen. From this object we "take a negative
photograph. We also take a negative. photograph, being the picture, which we
wish to impart to the metal type. Having obtained these two negatives we
artistically manipulate the grained, or lined negative to correspond with the
grained surface, which we desire to give to the gelatine relief produced as next
described. To produce the gelatine relief, we place the two negatives together and
then follow the usual process for obtaining the relief upon the gelatine. The result
is that not only do we obtain the gelatine relief of the picture, but such relief has
a grained, or lined relief over the picture and background, or picture only as the
case may require. When the gelatine thus prepared is applied in the production
of the metal type as by the Woodbury process, or as by our process described in the
application for Letters Patent N° 5086 AD 1882. The metal type resulting from
the above described operation has a grained surface such as is suitable to be used
for printing from with ordinary printers inks.
Under the fourth part of our Invention we produce a gelatine relief from a
negative photograph taken from any grained, or lined object such as before
mentioned under the second part. We then take a gelatine relief of the negative
picture. In producing the metal type we place the grained gelatine relief and the
gelatine relief of the picture one over the other upon the surface of the type
metal and by the Woodbury process, or by our process before referred to we
produce a grained, or lined surfaced picture such as is suitable to be used for
printing from with ordinary printers inks.

page_text: Under the fifth part of our Invention in using plates of thin lead and also lead
plates of large size, it is found that such plates are liable to become bent and
uneven. This is particularly the case when the type is produced by processes
other than by even direct pressure applied simultaneously over the whole surface.
We rectify this defect by the application of heat which is conveniently effected by
placing the lead plate which is to be levelled on a true and even surface, such as a
steel face plate the heat is applied by heating the plate on which the lead rests by
a heating medium, such as a gas flame, or placing the lead plate and face plate in a
heated oven, care being taken not to over beat. This part of our Invention is
alike applicable to trueing, or making level the surfaces of lead sheets used in the
carrying out of this present Invention and our former Invention, application
N° 5086 A D 1882 before referred to and to the Woodbury type when thin, or large
sheets are used when they become bent and uneven.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the-said Richard Brown, Robert William Barnes, and Joseph Bell in-the
Great Seal-Patent Office-on-the-15th September 1883.
RICHARD BROWN and ROBERT WILLIAM BARNES and JOSEPH BELL, all of the City
of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO
THE PREPARATION-OF-PICTURES-AND-PHOTOGRAPHS TO-DE-USED-IN-THE-PRODUCTION
OF PICTURES BY THE ART OF PHOTOGRAPHY AND-PHOTO-ENGRAVING-AND IN THE
PRODUCTION OF GELATINE RELIEFS AND PRINTING SURFACES THEREFROM PICTURES
AND PHOTOGRAPHS.
Our Invention relates to certain improvements hereinafter more particularly
mentioned in the preparation of pictures-and-photographs-to-be used in the
production-of-pictures by the art of photography-and-photo-engraving and in the
production of gelatine reliefs and printing surfaces therefrom pictures and
photographs.
The object of our Invention is to produce from pictures, or photographs with-a
grained, or lined surfaces se-that-they-are suitable for use in the production of
pictures by printing the art of photography and photo--engraving--and--photo
lithography.
Previous to our Invention in the art of photo engraving, or photo lithography
amongst other methods it has been the practice to produce metal type surfaces, or
other surfaces such as plaster of Paris and like surfaces from gelatine reliefs and then
to grain the surface of the metal, or plaster impression. The surface on the metal
type has also been produced by the processes known as zincography photo-etching,
phototype, photolithography and the like, which processes have hitherto been
chiefly confined to reproducing-from what are technically known as point pictures.
We in our application for Letters Patent N° 5086. A.D. 1882 describe a means of
producing a grained surface on the type by the use of a gauze, or perforated sheet,
or by graining the type surface by the use of sand paper, or fine wire gauze
muslin soaked in glue, the grain of such material being embedded into the type
by pressure.
Our present Invention consists in preparing and producing from pictures, and
photographs and grained type by the following methods.
First we take the picture, which may be any half-tone picture or photograph
and we give it a stippled, grained, or lined surface, which is effected under one
method by hand artistic manipulation, by stippling, lining, hatebing-roughening, or
breaking up the surface, or any portion of the surface for example by stippling with
pigments,-or-inks, or by abraiding the surface, or by imparting a-grained, or-lined
surface-to-the-picture by pressure from a grained, or lined gelatine relief, a sheet of
wire gauze, or a sheet of perforated metal, or from a grained, or lined steel plate.
stone, or the like. After imparting the grain to the picture it may be is rubbed
over with a soft pigment which shows the grain up. Another method consists-in
lining, or graining the surfaces of the picture by printing the stippling-graining, or
lining on the picture from-a-copper-plate, or other printing medium-by the use of
printers inks. Having so produced the stippled, or lined surface on the picture,
it is submitted to artistic manipulation, whereby it is perfected into condition for
use in many of the processes at present known. The picture so prepared we
can be used for producing printing surfaces by such processes as Woodbury type

page_text: "
zincography, photo etching, photo engraving, photolithography and the like on
metal stone, or other surface, which processes have hitherto been chiefly confined to
reproducing from what are technically known as point pictures," whereas by our
process printing surfaces can be produced from natural objects animate and
inanimate, for example having obtained a negative, or a positive photograph from
the picture prepared as above described, we produce a gelatine relief in the manner
well known in the art of photography. This gelatine relief will have a grained
surface over the picture and background and when applied in the production of
metal type printing surfaces, as by the Woodbury process, or as by the process
patented to us No 5086 A.D. 1882, the metal type printing surface resulting from
the above described operations has a grained, or lined surface such as is suitable
for printing from with ordinary printers inks.
We utilize that--part of--our-Invention-where-the-grained, or lined surface is
produced-upon-a-photograph by pressure from a grained, or lined-surface-such-as
a-sheet of wire-gauze-perforated-metal, or a gelatine-relief-for-other-purposes-than
the--processes--hereinbefore--mentioned, numely for graining, or lining ordinary
photographs-for-direet-sale, or otherwise.
Under the second-part-of-our-Invention, we-take-a-grained,-or-lined-objeet, such
as-finely-grained, or lined paper, or other material-or-the-natural-grain,-or-lines-of
any-material--such as leather, or linen. From-this-object-we-take-a--negative
photograph; we also--take-a-negative-photograph-of-the-picture. In-printing-a
positive on-sensitized paper, or glass, or-gelatine-we-first-expose-the-grained, or
lined-negative, or the negative of the picture, and before-the-positive-is-fixed, we
expose the other negative. We-thus-produce-a-positive having the picture and
likewise-a--grained, or-lined surface over the picture,--or--we--take--a--negative
photograph-of-the-half-tone-picture-and in printing a positive-on-sensitized-paper,
or glass, or gelatine, we expose such-sensitized paper, glass, or gelatine-with-a-sheet
of fine wire gauze, or like perforated material-so-that-the-mesh-of the gauze is
photographed so to speak on the paper, glass, or gelatine and then--before-the
photograph-of-the-gauze is fixed, we expose it with the negative of the-half-tone
picture,-or-we-expose the sensitized paper, glass,-or-gelatine-with-the-negative of
half-tone-picture-and-before-the-photograph of the picture-is-fixed-we-expose
the sensitized paper, glass, or gelatine, with a sheet of fine-wire gauze, or like
perforated material. The result is that the positive-picture-produced-bears not
only-the-photograph-of-the-half-tone picture, but-bears-likewise-a-grained-or-lined,
or-dotted-surface-over-the-picture-caused by the wire-gauze, or perforated material.
Positive-photographs-on-glass, paper, or gelatine, thus-produced-ean be utilized-for
the-processes-described-under-the-first-part.
Under-another-method-we-take-a-piece-of-paper-the-surface of which has been
printed over with-lines, or dots.-This paper-may-be-sensitive-paper-or-may-be
sensitized-after-the-lines-or-dots-have-been-printed-on-it-and-on this paper-we-print
the
a photograph. Such-photograph-ean-be-used-for-the-processes-before--described
under-the-first-part..
Under the-third another part of our Invention we produce a gelatine relief from
a negative photograph taken from any grained, or lined object such as before
mentioned-under-the-second-part. We-then finely grained or lined paper or other
material and we also take a gelatine relief of the negative picture. In producing
the metal type we place the grained gelatine relief and the gelatine relief of the
picture one over the other upon the surface of the type metal and by the Woodbury
process, or by our process before referred to, we obtain produce a grained, or lined
surfaced reproduction in metal of the picture such as is suitable to be used for
printing from with ordinary printers inks.
Under the fourth part of our Invention-in-using While preparing plates of thin
lead and also lead plates of large size for use as printing surfaces it is found that
such plates are liable to become bent and uneven. This is particularly the case
when the type is produced by processes other than by even direct pressure applied
simultaneously over the whole surface. We rectify this defect by the application

page_text: of heat, which is conveniently effected by placing the lead plate which is to be
levelled on a true and even surface, such as a steel face plate. The heat is applied
by heating the plate on which the lead rests by a heating medium, such as a gas
flame, or placing the lead plate and face plate in a heated oven, care being taken
not to over heat. This part of our Invention is alike applicable to trueing, or
making level the surfaces of lead sheets used in the carrying out of this present
Invention and our former. Invention application N° 5086 A.D. 1882 before referred
to and to the Woodbury type when thin or large sheets are used, when they become
bent and uneven
Having now described our Invention and shown how the same may be carried
out, we claim.
First The method substantially as herein set forth of preparing pictures and
photographs-on-paper, glass,-or-gelatine-to-be-used for the production of printing
surfaces by-the-arts of photography, zincography, photo-type-photo-lithography,
"photo-engraving and the like-and-by the Woodbury process for printing froin in
printing processes, in which are--employed fatty, or greasy inks which method
consists of giving-to half tone pictures, or photographs on paper, glass,-or-gelatine
stippled, or grained, or lined surfaces substantially in the manner as herein set
forth.
Second The--method substantially herein set forth--of-preparing pictures and
photographs--to-be used for the production of--printing surfaces by the arts of
photography-zincography, phototype, photo-lithography-photo-engraving and-the
like-and-by-the Woodbury process for printing-from-in-printing-processes-in-which
are-employed-fatty, or greasy inks, which-method-consists-of-giving-to-the-picture,
or-photograph-an-indented-surface-by-impressing-into-the-picture-or-photograph a
grained, or lined material, or substance, such as-wire gauze, substantially in the
manner-herein-set-forth.
Third-The-method-substantially herein set forth of preparing photographs on
paper-glass-or-gelatine-to-be-used for the production-of-printing-surfaces-by-the
arts-of-photography, zincography, phototype, photo lithography, photo-engraving
and-the-like, and by the Woodbury process for printing-from-in-printing-processes,
in-which-are-employed fatty, or-greasy-inks, which-method-consists of giving-to-a
photograph--a--grained, or lined surface, substantially in the manner--as--herein
described in reference-to-the-second-part-of-this-Specification.
Second Fourth The method substantially herein set forth of giving to metal
type a grained, or lined surface, as herein described, in-reference-to-the-third-part
of this Specification.
Third Fifth The method substantially-herein-set-forth of levelling lead printing
plates, which-method-consists-of-treating-lead-plates-in-the-manner substantially-as
herein described in-reference-to-the-fourth-part-of-this-Specification.
In Witness whereof, we the said Richard Brown and Robert William Barnes
for and on behalf of ourselves and the said Joseph Bell have hereunto set our hands
and seals this thirteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand
eight hundred and eighty three.
דד--

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Brown and Robert William Barnes and Joseph
Bell all of the City of Liverpool in the County of Lancaster for an Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE PREPARATION OF PICTURES AND
PHOTOGRAPHS TO BE USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF PICTURES BY THE ART OF
PHOTOGRAPHY AND PHOTO-ENGRAVING AND IN THE PRODUCTION OF GELATINE
RELIEFS AND PRINTING SURFACES THEREFROM.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Brown, Robert
William Barnes, and Joseph Bell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents
on the 15th March 1883.
RICHARD BROWN and ROBERT WILLIAM BARNES and JOSEPH BELL, all of the City
of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO
THE PREPARATION OF PICTURES AND. PHOTOGRAPHS TO BE USED IN THE PRODUCTION
OF PICTURES BY THE ART OF PHOTOGRAPHY AND PHOTOENGRAVING AND IN THE
PRODUCTION OF GELATINE RELIEFS AND PRINTING SURFACES THEREFROM
"
Our Invention relates to certain Improvements hereinafter more particularly
mentioned in the preparation of pictures and photographs to be used in the
production of pictures by the art of photography and photoengraving and in the
production of gelatine reliefs and printing surfaces therefrom.
The object of our Invention is to produce pictures, or photographs with a
grained, or lined surface, so that they are suitable for use in the production of
pictures by the art of photography and photoengraving and photolithography.
Previous to our Invention, in the art of photoengraving, or photolithography
amongst other methods it has been the practice to produce metal type from
gelatine reliefs and then to grain the type surface, or the stone. The surface on
the metal type has also been produced by the processes, known as zincography,

page_text: '
phototype, photolithography and the like, which processes have hitherto been
confined to reproducing from what are technically known as point pictures. We
in our application for Letters Patent N° 5086 AD 1882 describe a means of
producing a grained surface on the type by the use of a gauze, or perforated sheet,
or by graining the type surface by the use of fine wire gauze, muslin soaked in
glue, or sandpaper. The grain of such material being embedded into the type by
pressure..
Our present Invention consists in preparing and producing pictures, photographs
and grained type by the following methods.
Under the First part of our Invention we take the picture, which may be any
half tone picture, or photograph, and we give it a stipled, grained, or lined surface
which is effected under one method by hand artistic manipulation, by stipling,
lining, hatching, roughing, or breaking up the surface, or any portion of the
surface, for example by stipling with pigments, or inks, or by abraiding the surface,
or by imparting a grained, or lined surface to the picture by pressure from a
grained, or lined gelatine relief, or from a grained, or lined steel plate, stone, or the
like. After imparting the grain to the picture it is rubbed over with a soft
pigment which shows the grain up. Another method consists in lining, or graining
the surface of the picture by printing the stippling, graining, or lining on the
picture from a copper plate, or other printing medium by the use of printers inks.
Having so produced the stipled, or lined surface on the picture, it is submitted to
artistic manipulation, whereby it is perfected into condition for use in many of the
processes at present known. The picture so prepared can be used for producing
printing surfaces by such processes as Woodbury type, zincography, photo-
engraving, photolithography and the like on stone, metal, or other surface, which
processes have hitherto been confined to reproducing from what are technically
known as "point pictures," whereas by our process printing surfaces can be
produced from natural objects animate and inaminate, for example, having obtained
a negative, or a positive photograph from the prepared picture as above described,
we produce a gelatine relief in the manner well known in the art of photography.
This gelatine relief will have a grained surface over the picture and background
and when applied in the production of metal type printing surfaces as by the
Woodbury process, or as by the process patented to us No 5086 A D 1882, the
metal type printing surface resulting from the above described operations has a
grained, or lined surface, such as is suitable for printing from with ordinary
printers inks.
We utilize that part of our Invention where the grained, or lined surface is
produced upon a photograph by pressure from a grained, or lined surface, such as
a gelatine relief, for other purposes than the processes herein before mentioned,
namely, for graining, or lining ordinary photographs for direct sale or otherwise.
Under the second part of our Invention we take a grained, or lined object such
as finely grained, or lined paper, or other material, or the natural grain, or lines of
any material such as leather, or linen, from this object we take a negative
photograph, we also take a negative photograph of the picture. In printing a
positive on sensitized paper we first expose the grained, or lined negative, or the
negative of the picture, and before the positive is fixed we expose the other
negative. We thus produce a positive having the picture and likewise a grained,
or lined surface over the picture. This positive can be utilized for the processes
described under the first-part.
"
Under the third part of our Invention we take a grained, or lined object such
as finely grained, or lined paper, or other material, or the natural grain, or lines of
any material such as leather, or linen. From this object we
take" a negative
photograph. We also take a negative photograph, being the picture, which we
wish to impart to the metal type. Having obtained these two negatives we
artistically manipulate the grained, or lined negative to correspond with the
grained surface, which we desire to give to the gelatine relief produced as next
described. To produce the gelatine-relief, we place the two negatives together and

page_text: then follow the usual process for obtaining the relief upon the gelatine. The result
is that not only do we obtain the gelatine relief of the picture, but such relief has
a grained, or lined relief over the picture and background, or picture only as the
case may require. When the gelatine thus prepared is applied in the production
of the metal type as by the Woodbury process, or as by our process described in the
application for Letters Patent N° 5086 A D 1882. The metal type resulting from
the above described operation has a grained surface such as is suitable to be used
for printing from with ordinary printers inks.
Under the fourth part of our Invention we produce a gelatine relief from a
negative photograph taken from any grained, or lined object such as before
mentioned under the second part. We then take a gelatine relief of the negative
picture. In producing the metal type we place the grained gelatine relief and the
gelatine relief of the picture one over the other upon the surface of the type
metal and by the Woodbury process, or by our process before referred to we
produce a grained, or lined surfaced picture such as is suitable to be used for
printing from with ordinary printers inks.
Under the fifth part of our Invention in using plates of thin lead and also lead
plates of large size, it is found that such plates are liable to become bent and
uneven. This is particularly the case when the type is produced by processes
other than by even direct pressure applied simultaneously over the whole surface.
We rectify this defect by the application of heat which is conveniently effected by
placing the lead plate which is to be levelled on a true and even surface, such as a
steel face plate the heat is applied by heating the plate on which the lead rests by
a heating medium, such as a gas flame, or placing the lead plate and face plate in a
heated oven, care being taken not to over heat. This part of our Invention is
alike applicable to trueing, or making level the surfaces of lead sheets used in the
carrying out of this present Invention and our former Invention, application
No 5086 A D 1882 before referred to and to the Woodbury type when thin, or large
sheets are used when they become bent and uneven.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Richard Brown, Robert William Barnes, and Joseph Bell in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 15th September 1883.
RICHARD BROWN and ROBERT WILLIAM BARNES and JOSEPH BELL, all of the City'
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO
of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster
THE PREPARATION OF PICTURES AND PHOTOGRAPHS TO BE USED IN THE PRODUCTION
OF PICTURES BY THE ART OF PHOTOGRAPHY AND PHOTO-ENGRAVING AND IN THE
PRODUCTION OF GELATINE RELIEFS AND PRINTING SURFACES THEREFROM
Our Invention relates to certain improvements hereinafter more particularly
mentioned in the preparation of pictures and photographs to be used in the
production of pictures by the art of photography and photo engraving and in the
production of gelatine reliefs and printing surfaces therefrom.
•
The object of our Invention is to produce pictures, or photographs with a grained,
or lined surface, so that they are suitable for use in the production of pictures by
the art of photography and photo engraving and photo lithography.
Previous to our Invention in the art of photo engraving, or photo lithography
amongst other methods it has been the practice to produce metal type surfaces, or
other surfaces such as plaster of Paris and like surfaces from gelatine reliefs and then
to grain the surface of the metal, or plaster impression. The surface on the metal
type has also been produced by the processes known as zincography photo-etching,
phototype, photolithography and the like, which processes have hitherto been
chiefly confined to reproducing from what are technically known as point pictures.
We in our application for Letters Patent N° 5086. A.D. 1882 describe a means of
producing a grained surface on the type by the use of a gauze, or perforated sheet,
or by, graining the type surface by the use of fine wire gauze muslin soaked in
glue, or sand paper, the grain of such material being embedded into the type by
pressure.
Our present Invention consists in preparing and producing pictures, photographs
and grained type by the following methods.
First we take the picture, which may be any half-tone picture or photograph
and we give it a stippled, grained, or lined surface, which is effected under one
method by hand artistic manipulation, by stippling, lining, hatching roughening, or
breaking up the surface, or any portion of the surface for example by stippling with
pigments, or inks, or by abraiding the surface, or by imparting a grained, or lined
surface to the picture by pressure from a grained, or lined gelatine relief, a sheet of
wire gauze, or a sheet of perforated metal, or from a grained, or lined steel plate
stone, or the like. After imparting the grain to the picture it is rubbed over with
a soft pigment which shows the grain up. Another method consists in lining, or
graining the surfaces of the picture by printing the stippling graining, or lining on
the picture from a copper plate, or other printing medium by the use of printers
inks. Having so produced the stippled, or lined surface on the picture, it is
submitted to artistic manipulation, whereby it is perfected into condition for use in
many of the processes at present known. The picture so prepared can be used for
producing printing surfaces by such processes as Woodbury type zincography,
photo etching, photo engraving, photolithography and the, like on metal stone, or
other surface, which processes have hitherto been chiefly confined to reproducing from
what are technically known as "point pictures," whereas by our process printing
surfaces can be produced from natural objects animate and inanimate, for example
having obtained a negative, or a positive photograph from the picture prepared as
above described, we produce a gelatine relief in the manner well known in the art

page_text: of photography. This gelatine relief will have a grained surface over the picture
and background and when applied in the production of metal type printing
surfaces as by the Woodbury process, or as by the process patented to us N° 5086
A.D. 1882, the metal type printing surface resulting from the above described
operations has a grained, or lined surface such as is suitable for printing from with
ordinary printers inks.
We utilize that part of our Invention where the grained, or lined surface is
produced upon a photograph by pressure from a grained, or lined surface such as
a sheet of wire gauze perforated metal, or a gelatine relief for other purposes than
the processes herein before mentioned, namely for graining, or lining ordinary
photographs for direct sale, or otherwise.
Under the second part of our Invention, we take a grained, or lined object, such
as finely grained, or lined paper, or other material, or the natural grain, or lines of
any material such as leather, or linen. From this object we take a negative
photograph; we also take a negative photograph of the picture. In printing a
positive on sensitized paper, or glass, or gelatine we first expose the grained, or
Îined negative, or the negative of the picture, and before the positive is fixed, we
expose the other negative. We thus produce a positive having the picture and
likewise a grained, or lined surface over the picture, or we take a negative
photograph of the half tone picture and in printing a positive on sensitized paper,
or glass, or gelatine, we expose such sensitized paper, glass, or gelatine with a sheet
of fine wire gauze, or like perforated material, so that the mesh of the gauze is
photographed so to speak on the paper, glass, or gelatine and then before the
photograph of the gauze is fixed, we expose it with the negative of the half tone
picture, or we expose the sensitized paper, glass, or gelatine with the negative of
the half tone picture and before the photograph of the picture is fixed we expose
the sensitized paper, glass, or gelatine, with a sheet of fine wire gauze, or like
perforated material. The result is that the positive picture produced bears not
only the photograph of the half tone picture, but bears likewise a grained, or lined,
or dotted surface over the picture caused by the wire gauze, or perforated material.
Positive photographs on glass, paper, or gelatine, thus produced can be utilized for.
the processes described under the first part.
Under another method we take a piece of paper, the surface of which has been
printed over with lines, or dots. This paper may be sensitive paper, or may be
sensitized after the lines, or dots have been printed on it and on this paper we print
a photograph. Such photograph can be used for the processes before described under
the first part.
Under the third part of our Invention we produce a gelatine relief from a
negative photograph taken from any grained, or lined object such as before
mentioned under the second part. We then take a gelatine relief of the negative
picture. In producing the metal type we place the grained gelatine relief and the
gelatine relief of the picture one over the other upon the surface of the type metal
and by the Woodbury process, or by our process before referred to, we produce a
grained, or lined surfaced picture such as is suitable to be used for printing from
with ordinary printers inks.
Wo
Under the fourth part of our Invention in using plates of thin lead and also lead
plates of large size; it is found that such plates are liable to become bent and
uneven. This is particularly the case when the type is produced by processes other
than by even direct pressure applied simultaneously over the whole surface.
rectify this defect by the application of heat, which is conveniently effected by
placing the lead plate which is to be levelled on a true and even surface, such as a
steel face plate. The heat is applied by heating the plate on which the lead rests
by a heating medium. such as a gas flame, or placing the lead plate and face plate
in a heated oven, care being taken not to over heat. This part of our Invention
is alike applicable to trueing, or making level the surfaces of lead sheets used in
the carrying out of this present Invention and our former Invention application

page_text: N° 5086 A.D. 1882 before referred to and to the Woodbury type when thin or large
sheets are used, when they become bent and uneven
Having now described our Invention and shown how the same may be carried
out, we claim.
First The method substantially herein set forth of preparing pictures and
photographs on paper, glass, or gelatine to be used for the production of printing
surfaces by the arts of photography, zincography, photo type, photo-lithography,
photo engraving and the like and by the Woodbury process for printing from in
printing processes, in which are employed fatty, or greasy inks which method
consists of giving to half tone pictures, or photographs on paper, glass, or gelatine
stippled, or grained, or lined surfaces substantially in the manner as herein set
forth.
Second The method substantially herein set forth of preparing pictures and
photographs to be used for the production of printing surfaces by the arts of
photography, zincography, phototype, photo lithography photo engraving and the
like and by the Woodbury process for printing from in printing processes in which
are employed fatty, or greasy inks, which method consists of giving to the picture,
or photograph an indented surface by impressing into the picture or photograph a
grained, or lined material, or substance, such as wire gauze, substantially in the
manner herein set forth.
Third The method substantially herein set forth of preparing photographs on
paper, glass, or.gelatine to be used for the production of printing surfaces by the
arts of photography, zincography, phototype, photo lithography, photo engraving
and the like, and by the Woodbury process for printing from in printing processes,
in which are employed fatty, or greasy inks, which method consists of giving to a
photograph a grained, or lined surface, substantially in the manner as herein
described in reference to the second part of this Specification.
Fourth The method substantially herein set forth of giving to metal type a
grained, or lined surface, as herein described, in reference to the third part of this
Specification.
Fifth The method substantially herein set forth of levelling lead plates, which
method consists of treating lead plates in the manner substantially as herein
described in reference to the fourth part of this Specification.
In Witness whereof, we 'the said Richard Brown and Robert William Barnos
for and on behalf of ourselves and the said Joseph Bell have hereunto set our hands
and seals this thirteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord, one thousand
eight hundred and eighty three.
RICHARD BROWN.
(L.S.)
ROBERT WILLIAM BARNES (L.S.)