IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING BOLTS, RIVETS, SCREW BLANKS, RAILWAY PINS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Croisy, of Paris (France), Mechanician, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING BOLTS,
RIVETS, SCREW BLANKS, RAILWAY PINS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES."
Sealed the 13th October 1854, and dated the 15th April 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Croisy at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
April 1854.
I, JOSEPH CROISY, of Paris (France), Mechanician, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANU-
FACTURING BOLTS, RIVETS, SCREW BLANKS, RAILWAY PINS, AND OTHER SIMILAR
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of an improved machine for manufacturing bolts,
rivets, screw blanks, railway pins, and other similar cylindrical-shaped metal
articles requiring a head to be formed upon them. A metal rod being intro-
duced in the machine at one end, the same is cut into suitable lengths according
to the article to be obtained; the head is formed, and the article, entirely
finished, drops out at the opposite of the machine. The several moveable
parts of this machine derive their motion from a main arbor or driving shaft,
to which motion is communicated by any suitable prime mover, and which

page_text: driving shaft carries several cams or excentricums, which, by suitable levers,
give motion to the working parts of the machine. For manufacturing, for
instance, an iron bolt, an iron rod heated to the proper degree according to the
quality of the iron is introduced by means of a guiding ring or tube into a
holder, which is a tube-of-sufficient strength, with two longitudinal slits, in
order to form two jaws or clamps; the rod is pushed into this holder till it
strikes
against.a.prop.the.distance.of-which-prop-from-the-holder is regulated
in such manner, that the rod reaches beyond the holder to the extent as will
be necessary to form the head; the upper jaw of the holder being pressed
down, the rod is firmly secured in the holder. In this moment one of the cams
of the driving shaft acts on a lever, by means of which a cutter falls down on
the rod, which is cut off at suitable length to form the bolt; the cutter
remains in this position for some moments, in order to serve as a prop for the
bolt, and in this very moment a squeezing hammer, acted upon. by a lever,
deriving its motion from an excentricum fixed on the driving shaft is forced
against the opposite end of the bolt projecting beyond, the holder when it
forms the head. The bolt being thus finished, another cam of the driving
shaft acts on a lever, by which the bolt holder with the bolt still in it is with-
drawn laterally from before the guiding tube, till the same comes opposite a
small rod or picker, which picker being pushed forward in this moment by
means of a lever, acted upon by another cam of the driving shaft, forces the
bolt from out the holder, which latter-then resumes its first position, the same
taking place with all the other moveable parts in such manner, that another
length of rod being introduced through the guiding tube into, the holder;
the same succession of movements as has been just described takes place
again, in order to form a second bolt, and so forth.
"
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
_by_the_said Joseph-Croisy-in-the-Great-Seal-Patent Office-on-the-14th-
October 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
CROISY, of Paris, France, Mechanician, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto

page_text: him, the said Joseph Croisy, Her special licence that he, the said Joseph
Croisy, executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as he, the said
Joseph. Croisy, executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with; and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING BOLTS, RIVETS, SCREW BLANKS, RAILWAY PINS,
AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," upon the condition (amongst others) that he, the
said Joseph Croisy, by an instrument in writing under his hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that he, the said Joseph Croisy, do hereby declare the
nature of his said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment
These improvements consist in a mechanical arrangement by means of which
a rod of iron heated to a suitable degree is cut into proper lengths, to form
either bolts, rivets, screw blanks, railway spikes, or other similar articles; after
which the machine forms a head at one end of the small rod thus obtained,
and the article thus finished is pushed out from the holder by the machine.
In order to make the nature of this Invention and the manner in which
the same acts fully understood, I will refer to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, in which Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal vertical section of the machine,
of which Fig. 2 indicates an end view, and Fig. 3 a plan or top view. The
same consists of a solid framework, in which two main shafts or abors A, B,
and C, D, revolve in suitable bearings; the extremity of the arbor A, B, is
provided with a driving pulley E, and a loose pulley E, and a fly wheel F;
the said arbor A, B, derives its motion from any suitable prime mover by any
of the usual means, which motion is communicated to the arbor C, D, by
means of a pinion G, fixed on the arbor A, B, and working into a toothed
wheel H, keyed on the arbor C, D, which latter communicates the motion to
the other moveable parts of the machine. On the arbor A, B, is also fixed an
excentricum, provided with a collar a; the extremity of the connecting rod is
attached to a crank b, the axle of which carries a ratchet wheel c, provided
with a click, in order to allow to this wheel and also to a grooved pulley d,
fixed both on the same axle, of turning only in one direction; against the

page_text: lower part of this pulley d another pulley e is made to press by means of a
balance weight f. It is between these. two pulleys d and e the iron rod is
introduced, and made to advance by the rotation of these two pulleys towards
a holding die g, forming a boss, the interior of which corresponds with the
diameter of the rod. The movement of the pulleys depend on that of the
pulley d, which latter is regulated by the movement of the ratchet wheel c;
which is actuated by the crank b; by changing consequently the length of the
crank, the motion of the pulleys d and e, consequently the quantity the rod
advances towards the holding die g is regulated; and in order that this may be
done very easily, the said crank is provided with several holes, in which the
pin to which the connecting rod (forming the communication between the
crank and the collar a of the excentricum) is attached, may be fixed at
variable distances of the fulcrum of the said crank. The rod of iron is in this
manner introduced into a holding die g of hardened cast steel; this holding
die g has a square form, with a central hole corresponding nearly with the
diameter of the rod; a part h of the upper part of this holding die forms, by
means of a horisontal and vertical cut, a moveable part of the die; the same is
lifted up by a spring, and is pressed down in the die on the rod, whenever this
latter is introduced in the die, and thereby keeps the rod in the die in a steady
position. The pressing down of this part takes place through the small arm
of a balance lever i pressing on a piece, the other or long arm of this
balance lever being lifted by the action of the wedge-shaped upper part of
a projection 7, forming part of the heading hammer I. As by this construc-
tion of the holding die the hinder part of the same against which the pressing
of the head takes place does not offer any solution of continuity under the
head of the bolt or rivet, these latter are formed without presenting seams.
The holding die is introduced into a moveable cast iron carrier K, sliding in a
slot hole formed in the base piece of the machine, to which carrier a lateral
reciprocating movement is communicated by means of the arm of a lever L,
the other arm of which is provided with a stud, working in a groove, formed
in the surface of the pulley M, fixed on the arbor C, D. By this recipro
cating movement of the carrier K the holding die is brought at the right
movement, just opposite a rod, the object of which is to drive the formed bolt
or rivet from out the holding die. The heated iron rod having been intro-
duced into the holding die, the portion of the rod which is to form the bolt,
rivet, or other similar article is to be cut off; this is done by a cutter n, the
cutting edge of which has a curvilinear form corresponding with the size of
the rod, and which cutter is fixed into a cutter carrier m, sliding vertically up
and down between the holding die and a cast iron bearer N, which latter may

page_text: be fixed at more or less distance from the holding die. The under part of this
bearer N is provided with two ears, forming a slot, between which is intro-
duced the end of a lever P, turning on a bolt passed through these ears. The
lever P carries a curved piece O of steel, which is made to press against the
lower part of the cutter carrier m, which latter, on being lifted up, pushes
the cutter against the part of the rod projecting from out the holding die,
which part is thereby seperated from the portion introduced in the die; a
small connecting rod p serves to make the cutter carrier and the cutter return
to their former position after the cutter has performed its duty. The manner
in which that part of the machine acts is as follows:-To the arbor C, D, is
fixed an excentricum with a cage y, the connecting rod Q of which is fixed to
the crank g of a crank axle 1, the other end of which axle has another crank
7', whose pin slides in a groove formed in the extremity of the lever P. This
arrangement perinits of fixing the moveable cutter carrier N at more or less
distance from the holding die, in such manner as to cut off such a length of
the rod as will be necessary, according to the length of the bolt, rivet, or other
similar article to be manufactured. A proper length of the rod having then
been cut off, this part remains into the holding die in order to be headed; this
is done by a heading hammer I, gliding into a guiding boss fixed to the
frame of the machine, offering a lateral slit through which pass the two trun-
nions S, forming fulcrums for one end of the connecting links t, t', to the
other end of which are articulated the cranks R and the connecting rod T.
The body of the cranks R is arrested by the fixed bearing S. The fore part of
the hammer, viz., that which is to strike against the end of the rod, may be
either flat or have a depression corresponding with the size of the head to be
formed to the bolt, rivet, or similar article. By this arrangement, a recipro-
cating movement is communicated to the hammer, which is made to strike in
proper time against the end of the piece cut off from the rod, and projecting
beyond the holding die towards the hammer, whereas the opposite extremity
of this piece is prevented from receding by the cutter bearer N and the cutter,
these latter having remained in their position during the time the hammer
is striking against the rod in the holding die. The bearer N is kept in
position by two adjusting screws V and V, the nuts of which form part of the
frame of the machine, which screws serve to regulate the distance between
the carrier N and the holding die, in order not to be obliged of increasing
beyond measure this distance. Holding dies of different sizes are kept at hand,
corresponding with the length of the articles to be manufactured. The head-
ing of the bolt. rivet, or other similar article having thus taken place, the same
must be withdrawn from the holding die; for this purpose the arbor C; D,

page_text: carries a cam u, acting against the end of a balance beam v, the other end
of which is connected to the end of a horizontal rod a; the other extremity of
which communicates with a second balance beam v', which latter imparts a
reciprocating motion to a rod a¹, which rod being introduced into the holding
die, pushes the bolt, rivet, or other similar article from out this latter, after
which the pushing rod recedes, and resuming its former position, leaves the
holding die ready for receiving another length of the rod. The pushing rod x
moves into a long boss in order to insure a proper straight motion to the same.
The bolt, rivet, or other similar article thus driven out of the holding die, falls
through a hole formed for this purpose in the frame of the machine into a
proper receiver.
It will be evident that for manufacturing different sizes of bolts, rivets,
screw blanks, railway pins, and other similar articles, by this machine, the
holding dies, hammers, and cutters are to correspond with the sizes of the
articles, and otherwise have to be replaced by others.
The general mode of working this machine is as follows:-The rod of iron
heated to a suitable degree is taken by the workman and laid into proper
bearings or standards fixed before the machine exactly in the direction, in
order by passing the rod forward, the extremity of the same is introduced
between the pulleys d and e, which carry the rod further forward, and intro-
duce its extremity into the holding die. The proper length having been
introduced, the excentricum causes the pulleys and consequently the rod to
stop for a certain time, during which the length introduced in the die is cut off
by the cutter; after which this latter remains stationary, for the time necessary
for the hammer to strike against the extremity of the part of the rod pro-
jecting beyond the holding die, the position of the cutter preventing the rod
receding during the strike of the hammer. The heading having thus taken
place, the cutter and the hammer return in their former position, and in that
moment the part of the holding die, which was pressed down on the rod by
means of the projection of the hammer, acting on the arm of the lever i, the
other arm of which latter presses by means of the piece on the moveable
part of the holding die; this part.h now becoming free, is lifted up by a
spring, and permits of the bolt or rivet to be pushed out from the die; this
latter with its bearer receeding, in this moment the bolt or rivet is forced
against the striker a, by which the same is pushed out from the holding die,
and this latter having resumed its primitive position, the machine is ready to
perform the same movements over again.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is executed and works, I wish it to be understood that I do not

page_text: confine myself to the precise details of the arrangements described, provided
the general character of those arrangements or their mechanical equivalents
be retained; but what I claim is,―
1st, the manufacturing of bolts, rivets, screw blanks, railway pins, and other
similar articles, with a head without any seams.
2nd, the general arrangement of the machine described for manufacturing
the above-mentioned articles.
In witness whoroof I the soid Iosanh Craice have hereunto set my hand
JOSEPH CROISY. (L.S.)
Witness,
FRANCOIS CONSAUVE.