IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF EMPTYING CENTRI- FUGAL MACHINES WITH CONTINUOUS MOVEMENTed him
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edwin Ambrose Brydges of the Firm of Brydges & Co.,
Engineers and Patent Solicitors of 107 Königgrätzer Str. in the City of
Berlin and German Empire and of 6 St. Leonard's Terrace, Upton, in the County
of Middlesex for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF EMPTYING CENTRI-
FUGAL MACHINES WITH CONTINUOUS MOVEMENT Communicated to him from
abroad by Oluf Sigurd Andersen and Thowald Hansen, of Kopenhagen in the
Kingdom of Denmark
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edwin Ambrose Brydges at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th November 1882.
EDWIN AMBROSE BRYDGES of the firm of Brydges & C° Engineers and Patent
Solicitors of 107 Königgrätzer Str in the City of Berlin and German Empire and
of 6 St. Leonards Terrace Upton in the County of Middlesex. IMPROVEMENTS IN
SELF EMPTYING CENTRIFUGAL MACHINES WITH CONTINUOUS MOVEMENT a communi-
cation to me from Oluf Siguard Andersen and Thowald Hansen of Kopenhagen
in the Kingdom of Denmark.
This Invention relates to improvements in self emptying centrifugal machines.
This said centrifugal machine consists of a vessel or receptacle which said
receptacle is attached to a vertical shaft or axle which latter is supported in
suitable bearings.
The shaft or axle is provided with a cylindrical boring or cavity at the upper
end so as to form a tube or pipe which said tubular space is in connection with the
vessel or receptacle by means of two or more tubes or pipes in order that milk or
other matter may be fed into the said vessel or receptacle.
This said vessel or receptacle can be made in spherical, cylindrical, conical or
other suitable form and is provided at the lower part with an opening which said
opening is closed by the loose bottom being tightened up by means of suitable
levers or bolts.
In this said loose bottom and around the shaft or axle is an annular opening
which is so widened. toward the lower part that a conical mouthpiece is formed

page_text: the lower opening to which is partially closed by means of a conically formed flange
or collar which sits loosely on the shaft or axle and is held in place by suitable
feathers or strips of metal.
This flange or collar serves to prevent the milk from running down the shaft or
axle when the apparatus is not in action. Two bent tubes or pipes lead through
the bottom of the vessel or receptacle and are held in correct position by means of
suitable stops.
These said tubes or pipes are closed at the one end and provided with a small
opening of about 1 millimeter diameter. The receptacle or vessel also contains
two vertical wings by means of which the milk is caused to rotate which said
wings are so arranged that they can be readily removed in order to clean the
apparatus.
The milk and cream passing off by the tube or pipe aforementioned and the
conical mouth piece is collected in a cylindrical vessel formed beneath and around
the aforementioned receptacle or vessel.
In order to be able to readily remove this outer vessel the same is constructed in
two like halves which said halves are held together by means of suitable loops or
eyes and a suitable bolt or pin.
Each of the halves of this said cylindrical vessel is subdivided into two compart-
ments of which said compartments that nearest the shaft or axle serves to receive
the cream passing off through the mouth piece whereas the compartment around
this said inner compartment serves to receive the milk from the bent tubes or pipes
aforementioned.
The milk and cream pass off by means of suitable ports from whence the said
milk and cream is led off by means of moveable vertical pipes or tubes into suitable
collecting vessels or receptacles. In order to prevent the milk and cream from
being forcibly ejected, suitable screens are arranged in the vessel.
The said cylindrical vessel rests on a loose table or plate connected to the support
or frame.
A screen or casing of wrought iron is arranged around the aforenamed
receptacle and consists of two halves of like size in order to facilitate the opening
of such said screen or casing which said screen or casing is provided with a suitable
lid or cover. The lower end of the shaft or axle rests on a frictional disc of wood
or other suitable material which said frictional disc is arranged within a suitably
formed ring which said ring rests on a second vertical shaft or axle.
This said vertical shaft or axle is clad or shoed with steel at the lower end of the
same and revolves on the apex of a steel cone fixed in a suitable bearing. This said
axle is further provided with a rope drum or disc.
The bearings for the axle are of special construction. At the points where the
axle passes through the bearings a conical ring is attached to the said axle which
said ring is provided with a suitable flange.
This said ring revolves on suitable metal bushing which fits loosely in the
support or frame and is provided with a suitable groove in which said groove &
suitable india rubber tube ring or cable is laid. In order to prevent the bushing
from rising a ring of suitable form is screwed or otherwise fastened in a suitable
flanged nut.
This said ring is so bored out that a space remains around the axle or shaft
which said space serves as lubricating chamber.
A flanged ring at the lower part of the bearing is bolted to the framework of
the apparatus and is so provided with a suitable groove that the oil which drops
from the aforementioned upper conical ring is led off. By means of this special
construction of the bearings the apparatus is continuously held in correct central
position as the india rubber ring is elastic and in consequence hereof the centrifugal
apparatus can be revolved at very high speed without any shocks or concussions
becoming apparent. Should the bearings become worn the wear and tear can be
readily compensated for by moving the bushing a trifle further downwards in the
caid benring.

page_text: The feeding of the bearings with oil can be readily controlled; another
advantage is that the oil is not ejected into the room or compartment as it does not
flow around the axle. The centrifugal action on the milk in the apparatus takes
place as follows.
As soon as the centrifugal apparatus has been put in motion by means of the
drum and rope cork or strap and the frictional disc between the two parts of the
axle or shaft or between the two vertical shafts or axles milk is admitted into the
said apparatus through the boring in the upper part of the axle and the small
radial tubes inserted for such purpose in the axle or shaft. By means of the
rotation of the apparatus the impurities in the milk are forced towards the walls of
the vessel or receptacle, the milk which has become freed from cream occupies the
second zone whereas the cream is collected in proximity to the axle or shaft. As
soon as so much milk has been admitted that the outer vessel or receptacle has
become filled up to the lower opening to the rotary compartment or vessel, the
cream will escape from the same whereas the milk can now pass into and through
the bent tubes applied for this purpose and thus escape through the opening in the
bottom of this said vessel arranged for such purpose. The milk and cream which
have been subjected to the aforenamed centrifugal action are, as beforementioned
collected and led off into suitable vessels or receptacles. If the operation is to be
stopped, a suitable quantity of milk freed from cream must first be introduced into
the apparatus, the apparatus stopped and the exhaust pipe or tube leading from the
opening in the said vessel led to the collecting vessel or receptacle for the milk-
This said centrifugal apparatus can be driven at a speed equal to from 2000 to
10,000 revolutions per minute.
The advantages of this centrifugal apparatus in comparison with those now in
use, besides the arrangement of the bearings for the shaft or axle, are, that the
apparatus can be accurately fixed or mounted, as the vessel or receptacle which rests
on the shaft or axle can be readily charged, the vessel centres itself in the bearings
and thus permits of the said vessel being driven at high speed and in consequence
thereof the apparatus can be made in smaller dimensions; the cream is free from
foam in consequence of the method of removing the same from the apparatus; the
system of feeding the milk into the upper part of the apparatus and letting the
same off at the lower part of the same is of eminent importance and produced
during the trial most excellent results.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Edwin Ambrose Brydges in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
15th May 1883.
"
EDWIN AMBROSE BRYDGES of the firm of Brydges & Co Engineers and Patent
Solicitors of '107 Königgrätzer Str. in the City of Berlin and German Empire and
of 6 St. Léonard's Terrace, Upton, in the County of Middlesex IMPROVEMENTS IN
SELF EMPTYING CENTRIFUGAL MACHINES WITH CONTINUOUS MOVEMENT a
communication to me from Oluf Siguard Andersen and Thowald Hansen of
Kopenhagen in the Kingdom of Denmark
"
This Invention relates to improvements in self emptying centrifugal machines.
This said centrifugal machine consists of a vessel or receptacle A which said
receptacle is attached to a vertical shaft or axle b which latter is supported in
-suitable bearings c.
The shaft or axle b is provided with a cylindrical boring or cavity at the upper
end so as to forin a tube or pipe which said tubular space is in connection with the
-vessel or receptacle by means of two or more tubes or pipes d in order that milk or
other matter may be fed into the said vessel or receptacle.
This said vessel or receptacle A can be made in spherical, cylindrical, conical or
other suitable form and is provided at the lower part with an opening which said
opening is closed by the loose bottom e being, tightened up by means of four levers
or bolts f
In this said loose bottom e and around the shaft or axle b is an annular opening
which is so widened towards the lower part that a conical mouthpiece is formed,
the lower opening to which is partially closed by means of a conically formed
flange or collar g which sits loosely on the shaft or axle and is held in place by
suitable feathers or strips of metal.
This said flange or collar g serves to prevent the milk from running down the
shaft or axle b when the apparatus is not in action. Two bent tubes or pipes h
lead through the bottom of the vessel or receptacle and are held in correct position
by means of the stops i.
These said tubes or pipes h are closed at the one end and provided with a small
of about 1 millimeter diameter.
The receptacle or vessel also contains two vertical wings k by means of which
the milk is caused to rotate which said wings are so arranged that they can be
readily removed in order to clean the apparatus.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings show a front view of the said machine.
Figure 2 a plan or top view.
Figure 3 a vertical section and
Figure 4 a horizontal section of the same.
The milk and cream passing off by the tubes or pipes h aforementioned, and the
conical mouthpiece, is collected in a cylindrical vessel formed beneath and around
the aforementioned receptacle or vessel A.
In order to be able to readily remove this outer vessel the same is constructed in
two like halves which said halves are held together by means of suitable loops or
eyes and a suitable bolt or pin.
Each of the halves of this said cylindrical vessel is subdivided into two
compartments m and n (Figure 3) of which said compartments that nearest the
shaft or axles serves to receive the cream passing off through the mouthpiece
whereas the compartment around this said inner compartment serves to receive the
milk from the bent tubes or pipes h aforementioned.

page_text: The milk and cream pass off by means of the ports o and p from whence the
said milk and cream is led off by means of moveable vertical pipes or tubes into
suitable collecting vessels or receptacles.
In order to prevent the milk and cream from being forcibly ejected, suitable
screws are arranged in the vessel.
The said cylindrical vessel rests on a loose table or plate a connected to the
support or frame D.
A screen
or casing of wrought iron B is arranged around the aforenamed
receptacle and consists of two halves of like size in order to facilitate the opening
of such said screen or casing which said screen or casing is provided with a
suitable lid or cover.
The lower end of the shaft or axle b rests on a frictional disc of wood or other
suitable material which said frictional disc is arranged within a suitably formed
ring q which said ring rests on a second vertical shaft or axle r.
This said vertical shaft or axle r is clad or shoed with steel at the lower end of
the same and revolves on the apex of a steel cone fixed in a suitable bearing t.-
This said axle is further provided with a rope drum or disc z.
The bearings for the axle are of special construction.
At the points where the axle passes through the bearings a conical ring q is
attached to the said axle which said ring is provided with a suitable flange.
This said ring revolves in suitable metal bushing x which fits loosely in the
support or frame and is provided with a suitable groove in which said groove &
suitable india rubber tube or cable is laid.
In order to prevent the bushing from rising, a ring u of suitable form is screwed
or otherwise fastened in a suitable flanged nut v.
This said ring is so bored out that a space remains around the axle or shaft
which said space serves as lubricating chamber.
A flanged ring y at the lower part of the bearing is bolted to the framework of
the apparatus and is so provided with a suitable groove that the oil which drops
from the aforementioned upper conical ring is led off.
By means of this special construction of the bearings the apparatus is
continuously held in correct central position as the india rubber ring is elastic and
in consequence hereof the centrifugal apparatus can be revolved at very high speed
without any shocks or concussions becoming apparent.
Should the bearings become worn the wear and tear can be readily com-
pensated for by moving the bushing a trifle further downwards in the said
bearing.
The feeding of the bearings or the lubricating with oil can be readily controlled;
another advantage is that the oil is not ejected into the room or compartment as it
does not flow around the axle. The centrifugal action on the milk in the apparatus
takes place as follows.
As soon as the centrifugal apparatus has been put in motion by means of the
drum and rope cord or stamp z and the frictional disc between the two parts of the
axle or shaft or between the two vertical shafts or axles, milk is admitted into the
said apparatus through the boring in the upper part of the axle b and the small
radial tubes inserted for such purpose in the axle or shaft.
By means of the rotation of the apparatus the impurities in the milk are forced
towards the walls of the vessel or receptacle A; the milk which has become free
from crean occupies the second zone whereas the cream is collected in proximity to
the axle or shaft.
As soon as so much milk has been admitted that the outer vessel or receptacle
has become filled up to the lower opening to the rotary compartment or vessel, the
cream will escape from the same whereas the milk can now pass into and through
the bent tubes h applied for this purpose and thus escape through the opening in
the bottom of this said vessel arranged for such purpose.
The milk and cream which have been subjected to the aforenamed centrifugal

page_text: t
action are as beforementioned collected and led off into suitable vessels or
receptacles.
If the operation is to be stopped a suitable quantity of milk freed from cream
must first be introduced into the apparatus, the apparatus stopped and the exhaust
pipe or tube leading from the opening p in the said vessel led to the collecting
vessel or receptacle for the milk
This said centrifugal apparatus can be driven at a speed equal to from 2000
to 10,000 revolutions per minute.
The advantages of the centrifugal apparatus in comparison with those now in
use, besides the arrangement of the bearings for the shaft or axle, are that the
apparatus can be accurately fixed or mounted as the vessel or receptacle which
rests on the shaft or axle can be readily changed, the vessel centres itself in the
bearings and thus permits of the said vessel being driven at high speed and in
consequence thereof the apparatus can be made in smaller dimensions; the cream is
free from foam in consequence of the method of removing the same from the
apparatus; the system of feeding the milk into the upper part of the apparatus and
letting the same off at the lower part of the same is of eminent importance and
produced during the trials most excellent results.
Having now described my said invention for improvements in self emptying
centrifugal machines with continuous movement and the manner in which the same
is to or may be put into action I wish it to be understood that what I claim and
desire to secure by Letters Patent is :-
1. The general construction arrangement and employment of the apparatus and
the various parts of the same which can be made from any desired metal
substantially as described in the foregoing specification and shown in the
accompanying drawings.
2 The arrangement construction and employment of the bearings whereby the
vertical axle centres itself substantially as described in the foregoing specification
and shown in the accompanying drawings.
3-The method as employed in the centrifugal machine by means of which the
milk is fed into the upper part of the apparatus whereas the cream and milk freed
from cream pass off at the lower part of the apparatus substantially as described in
the foregoing specification and shown in the accompanying drawings.
In Witness whereof I the said Edwin Ambrose Brydges have hereunto set my
hand and seal the second day of May in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.