Improvements in the Means for Heating Railway and Steam Tram Carriages and Cabins and Saloons of Steam Ships.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Dec., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 4th Oct., 1894-Accepted, 24th Nov., 1894
DIVATAIT
Improvements in the Means for Heating Railway and Steam Tram
Carriages and Cabins and Saloons of Steam Ships.
I, REUBEN THOMAS PRESTON of the Firm of J. Stone & Co. of Deptford in
the County of Kent, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
The object of this invention is to heat railway and steam tramway carriages also
the cabins and saloons of steam ships in a more efficient and economical manner
than heretofore and at the same time to obviate the dangers arising with present
heating systems in case of railway accidents or collisions. For this purpose the
heat in the smoke box, front uptake, chimney, ash pan or boiler itself is utilized for.
heating air which by the induced action of a steam jet or ejector is made to enter.
a pipe system or coil passed through one or more of the places named. From this
coil the heated air is conveyed by piping to each carriage with suitable detachable
connections between the carriages. Each carriage compartment is fitted with
suitable radiators or other heaters and with means for controlling the heat. The
system has a return pipe having its exit on the locomotive where it is provided
with a return bend fitted with the ejector appliance for drawing the air in and
through the pipe system.
In one arrangement a coil, chambers or tubes are so placed in the upper part of
the smoke box or front uptake as to absorb a large amount of heat otherwise
wasted. The air thus heated may be passed through the boiler before it is led to
the inlet pipe on the foremost carriage, and then from carriage to carriage and back
to some place on the engine. It will thus be understood that fresh air is drawn
into the system by the ejector and after being heated is passed through the pipe
system in the carriages and by the return pipe finally passes out into the air in a
more or less cooled condition. When the engine is running the ejector may be shut
off more or less, as the air will enter by itself through the inlet opening which by
preference faces forwards in the direction the engine is running.
Under each seat is
The arrangement in the carriage is in one form as follows.
provided a radiator connected to the inlet pipe and which may for instance be in
the form of a chamber with one or more partitious forming serpentine passages or a
horseshoe pipe or coil but in any case the cross section of such passage, pipe or coil
would be much larger than that of the inlet pipe to which the entry and exit
openings of the radiator are connected; the entry opening should be provided with
a regulating valve. The hot air will thus travel much slower through the radiators
than through the pipe which supplies them with heated air.
Sometimes the carriage heaters may be provided with interior heat reservoir
containing a liquid or other suitable heat absorbent material for the purpose of
giving out heat thus accumulated after that the connection has been closed to the
heating apparatus on the locomotive.
At or near the inlet opening on the locomotive a small pipe may be provided
which is not connected with the heating chamber for letting in cold air if required
and with valve for the purpose of shutting off the supply of cold air more or less
and for regulating the supply of cold air.
When the invention is applied in a steam ship the air inlet and outlet would
preferably both be on the upper deck and the heated air conveyed to radiators

page_text: which would usually be arranged under the cabin berths and saloon settees in a
similar manner to that hereinbefore described.
Dated this 4th day of December 1893.
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Means for Heating Railway and Steam Tram
Carriages and Cabins and Saloons of Steam Ships.
I, REUBEN THOMAS PRESTON of the Firm of J. Stone and Co. of Deptford
in the County of Kent Engineers do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of this invention is to heat railway and steam tramway carriages and
cabins and saloons of steamships in a more efficient and economical manner than
heretofore and at the same time to obviate the dangers arising with present heating
systems in case of railway accidents or collisions. For this purpose the heat in the
smoke-box, front uptake, chimney, ash pan, or boiler itself is utilized for heating air
which by the induced action of steam or air in an ejector is made to enter by
preference through a bellmouth, a pipe system or coil passed through one or more
of the places named. From this pipe system or coil the air is conveyed by piping
to each carriage with suitable detachable connections between the carriages. Each
carriage compartment is fitted with suitable "radiators" or other heaters and with
means for controlling the heat. The system has a return pipe having its exit on
the locomotive where it is provided with a return bend fitted with the ejector
appliance for drawing the air in and through the pipe system. This ejector may be
the one used in the vacuum brake system where the latter is used.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings is a longitudinal section through a
locomotive boiler provided with one form of my apparatus, Figure 2 is a vertical
cross section through the smoke box and Figure 3 a plan. Figures 4, 5 and 6 are
similar views of another form.
Referring to Figures 1 to 3 a pipe coil A is placed in the upper part of the
smoke box B so as not to interfere with the exhaust and blast pipe and for absorbing
a large amount of heat otherwise wasted. The air thus heated is carried to the
other end of the boiler by preference through one or more of the boiler tubes B₁;
as shown here the coil A connects by a breeches piece A' to three pipes A² which
go through three of the boiler tubes and into the firebox C passing out of the same
through three hollow stays to the footplate end of the locomotive where they again
connect by a breeches piece A* to one pipe A³. This pipe is then passed through
the carriages, suitable Hexible connecting couplings being provided between them
and by a return pipe back to some place on the engine where it connects with a
branch from the vacuum brake ejector or with a special ejector supplied with steam
from the boiler and which may also be used as the vacuum brake ejector or with
compressed air from the air brake compresser or other pump, which ejector forms a
partial vacuum in the pipe and draws the air into the pipe system, or one or more
automatic air ejectors actuated by the rush of air caused by the motion of the train
may be used for the same purpose and after the air has been beated and passed
through the same it finally passes out into the air in a more or less cooled condition.
The same flexible pipe couplings may serve for the hot air pipe and the cool air
return pipe. When the engine is running, the ejector may be shut off more or less,
as the air will enter by itself at the bellmouth inlet end A, which by preference
faces forwards in the direction the engine is running; it may be made to swivel to
face towards either end of the engine. The hot air from the smoke-box might be

page_text: conveyed outside along the barrel of the boiler but I prefer to pass it along inside
the boiler in the manner shewn.
In Figures 4, 5 and 6 the heater in the smoke-box is in the form of a chambered
casting A for the air to travel backwards and forwards therein several times. The
air then enters the pipe A° and by the breeches piece A' the pipes A' which pass
through three of the boiler tubes B' and are collected in a breeches piece A* in the
firebox the pipe A from which passes down one corner behind a slab D of fireclay
and under the grate and after passing along or through the train it returns to the
engine where it is fitted with an appliance for drawing the air through the system.
The arrangement in the carriages is in one form as follows:-under each seat is
provided a "radiator" connected to the inlet pipe A³. The radiator may be in the
form of a chamber with one or more partitions forming serpentine passages or a
horseshoe pipe or coil but in any case the cross section of such passage pipe or coil
would be much larger than that of the inlet pipe A' to which the entry and exit
openings of the radiator are connected, so that the hot air will travel more slowly
through the radiator thau through the pipe A, the entry opening may be provided
with a regulating valve, a bye pass also being provided the radiators may be
provided with interior or exterior heat reservoirs containing a liquid or other
suitable heat absorbing material for the purpose of giving out heat thus accumulated
after that the connection has been closed to the heating apparatus on the locomotive.
A small pipe with valve or cock for admitting and regulating a supply of cold air
into the hot air in the pipe may be provided on the locomotive; similarly each
carriage compartment may be provided with such a pipe and valve serving also for
ventilating.
In marine boilers of ordinary type, air would enter by a cowl fixed in any suitable
open position, and the coil or chambered casting A connected thereto would be
placed in the front uptake with the outlet pipe therefrom carried in any suitable
inanner to radiators in the saloons and cabins the return pipe terminating in an
ejector at or near the boiler or in any other suitable position.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. Heating railway and steam tramway carriages, (also ships cabins and saloons)
by air in a pipe coil or chambered structure or casting in the smoke box said air
then in the case of railway and steam tramway carriages passing in piping through
or alongside the boiler through flexible couplings between the carriages and through
radiators in the same, in connection with a return pipe to a place at or near the
boiler the air being drawn into the pipe system by an ejector or ejectors,
substantially as set forth.
2. The construction of heating system described and shewn.
Dated thin 4th
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.