or equivalent Devices Used in Connection with Heating, Cooling, and Ventilating.
Year: 1885

page_text: or equivalent Devices Used in Connection with Heating,
Cooling, and Ventilating.
I, JAMES GRIEVE LORRAIN, of 3 Vernon Chambers, Southampton Row, in
the County of Middlesex; Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
iny invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ACTUATING THE VALVES OR
SIMILAR OR EQUIVALENT DEVICES USED IN CONNECTION WITH HEATING, COOLING
AND VENTILATING to be as follows:-
My invention relates to apparatus used to actuate valve, flap, slide, shutter or
other similar devices employed to partially or completely close or constrict passages,
openings or spaces for Heating, Cooling or Ventilating and consists in rendering
the moving part of the electro-motors employed for these purposes capable of
greater amplitude of movement without the employment of intermediate levers,
or other similar multiplying mechanism.
A drawback which exists in electrically actuated valve, flap, alide, shutter or
other similar devices such as those referred to in connection with what I designate,
as an osmotic contact, in the provisional specification accompanying my application
for Letters Patent dated the 24th day of November, 1884, No. 15464, and such as
those referred to in the provisional specification accompanying my application for
Letters Patent dated the 10th January 1885, No 339, is that the electro-motors
employed, whether consisting of electro-magnet and armature, solenoid or sucking
magnet and core, fixed and moveable coils or otherwise, act only through a very
short distance, so that the fixed and moveable parts require to be very close
together for attraction to take place.
In carrying my invention into effect, in lieu of using one of the simpler forms
of electro-motor consisting of an electro-magnet and armature, solenoid or sucking
magnet and core, fixed and moveable coils or otherwise, as referred to in my said
former provisional specifications, actuating the valve, flap, slide, shutter or similar
devices, I may employ to obviate the defect above mentioned an arrangement
consisting of two or more electro-magnets arranged in tandem fashion, that is to
say one in front of another, and with armatures between them. Those armatures
are connected together so that when one electro-magnet attracts its armature, the
latter pulls another armature within the sphere of its electro-magnet. This second
1

page_text: armature on being attracted may pull a third within the sphere of a third
electro-magnet, and so on. It is not necessary that all these magnets should be
electro-magnets, as, with the exception of the first, which is preferably an electro-
magnet, the others may be permanent magnets. Or a single electro-magnet may
attract a number of armatures linked or otherwise suitably connected together, so
that they can close up one after the other as they are attracted to the magnet.
Similarly a tandem arrangement of solenoids or sucking magnets may be employed,
a number of solenoids being placed one before another, and a core, which may be
of greater length than the solenoid, being sucked into the first so as to bring it
within the influence of the second by which it will be sucked inwards till brought
within the influence of the third, and so on. Or a single long solenoid may suck
in a number of short cores, linked or otherwise suitably connected together.
The electro-magnets or solenoids or sucking magnets above referred to may be
connected in series or parallel, or may be joined up so that the current will traverse
them consecutively and independently; and suitable connections may be provided
to distribute the currents as desired. Or I may obtain the same effect by linking
the armature so that it may move like the instrument known as a parallel ruler,
in such manner that for a given amount of travel in the direction parallel to the
line of attraction a greater amount of travel will take place in the direction
at right angles to the same. This modification may also be arranged tandem.
fashion.
Or I may use electro-magnets whose cores or poles project in the form of pointed
cones, with hollow conical armatures fitting over the said projecting cores or poles
(when in contact), and moving towards them in a direction parallel to the axes of
the said cores or poles. In this case the distance traversed is considerably greater
than that between the nearest parts of the poles and armatures.
This modification may also be arranged tandem fashion..
Instead of employing an armature which moves bodily towards an electro-
magnet, or vice versa, I may use a hinged or pivotted electro-magnet making a
partial revolution, under the influence of the current passing through it, towards a
fixed armature. Or I may use an armature consisting of a cylinder, disc, sphere
or other similar body making a partial revolution around an eccentric axis towards
the magnet.
A number of electro-magnets with their armatures arranged in this manner may
also be disposed in tandem.
It will be readily understood that in the cases above cited where fixed magnets
or solenoids attract moveable armatures the conditions may be reversed and fixed
armatures attract moveable magnets or solenoids; and also that where convenient,
electro-magnets, armatures, solenoids or cores may be replaced by coils.
Dated thin D-1 da
1007

page_text: I, JAMES GRIEVE LORRAIN of Norfolk House, Norfolk Street, Strand, London,
formerly of 3 Vernon Chambers, Southampton Row, in the County of Middlesex,
Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :—
My invention relates to Apparatus used to actuate valve, flap, slide, shutter or
other similar or equivalent devices employed to partially or completely close
or constrict passages, openings or spaces used in connection with Heating, Cooling
or Ventilating and it consists in rendering the moving part of the electro-motors
employed for these purposes capable of greater amplitude of movement without
the employment of intermediate levers or other multiplying mechanism.
A drawback which exists in electrically actuated valve, flap, slide, shutter or
other similar devices, such as those referred to in connection with what I designate
as an osmotic contact in the provisional specification accompanying my application
for Letters Patent dated the 24th day of November 1884, No. 15,464, and such as
those referred to in the provisional specification accompanying my application for
Letters Patent dated the 10th January 1885, No. 339, is that the electro-motors
employed, whether consisting of electro-magnet and armature, solenoid or sucking
magnet and core, fixed and movable coils, or otherwise, act only through a very
short distance, so that the fixed and movable parts require to be very close together
for attraction to take place.
In carrying my invention into effect, in lieu of using one of the simpler forms
of electro-motor consisting of an electro-magnet and armature, solenoid or sucking
magnet and core, fixed and movable coils, or otherwise, as referred to in my said
former provisional specifications, actuating the valve, flap, slide, shutter or similar
devices, I employ, to obviate the defect above mentioned, an arrangement con-
sisting of two or more electro-magnets arranged in tandem fashion, that is to say
one in front of another, and with armatures between them. These armatures are
connected together so that when one electro-magnet attracts its armature, the
latter pulls another armature within the sphere of its electro-magnet. This second
armature on being attracted may pull a third within the sphere of a third electro-
magnet, and so on. This case is diagrammatically illustrated by Figure 1 of the
accompanying drawing, in which A, B, & C are electro-magnets arranged in tandem
fashion, in this case vertically one above another. a, b & c are the respective
armatures of the electro-magnets A, B & C arranged on the spindle S at increasing
distances from their respective electro-magnets, that is b is further from B than
a from A, and c further from C than 6 from B. The rod S actuates the valve or
other similar or equivalent device and has collars for the armatures to rest upon.

page_text: The action is as follows. When the current passes A attracts a which then pulls b
within the influence of B which in its turn pulls c within the influence of C.
A spring or other device or the weight of the valve may be employed to separate
the armatures from the electro-magnets when the current has ceased to pass.
It is not necessary that all these magnets should be electro-magnets, as with the
exception of the first, the others may be permanent magnets. In this case however
it will be understood that a device must be employed to pull away the armatures
from the permanent magnets when the latter are no longer required to have the
former in contact with them. This device having to overcome the attraction of
the permanent magnets must of necessity be much more powerful than the device
used in the case of the electro-magnets. For this, and for the further reason that
the magnetism of permanent magnets gradually weakens with lapse of time,
I prefer to employ electro-magnets only as hereinbefore referred to.
Or I sometimes employ a single electro-magnet to attract a number of armatures
linked or otherwise suitably connected together, so that they can close up one
after the other as they are attracted to the magnet. This case is diagrammatically
illustrated in Figure 2, in which A is an electro-magnet whose core B has a number
of armatures a, b, c, d arranged vertically above it, and connected together by links
as shown. When the current passes through the electro-magnet the first armature a
is pulled down into contact with the core B, and becomes practically a prolongation
of the core when it then attracts armature b which meanwhile has been pulled into
attracting distance by the links shown. 6 then becomes practically a prolongation.
of core B, and pulls armature c, and so on, the links being as shown of such nature
as to allow the several armatures to close up one on another.
Or I employ a solenoid or sucking magnet having a number of short cores linked
or otherwise suitably connected together, as for example arranged in a manner
similar to the armatures in the first case herein before referred to. Such a case is
diagrammatically illustrated in Figure 3, in which A is the solenoid or sucking
magnet, and a, b & c short cores arranged on rod S. The cores are successively
attracted to the centre of the sucking magnet and close up on one another leaving
the rod, which is preferably of non magnetic material, to pass through. The
figure shows the position of the parts after the cores have been attracted some
distance.
The electro-magnets above referred to may be connected in series or parallel,
or may be joined up so that the current will traverse them consecutively and
independently, and suitable connections may be provided to distribute the current
as desired.
Or I may use electro-magnets whose cores or poles project in the form of pointed
cones with hollow conical armatures fitting over the said projecting cores or poles
(when in contact) and moving towards them in a direction parallel to the axes
of the said cores or poles. In this case the distance traversed is considerably
greater than that between the nearest parts of the poles and armatures. This
modification is shown diagrammatically in Figure 4, where it will be seen that
the distance between the parts of the core A and its armature B that are nearest
together are much less than the distance traversed by the armature before closing
up on the core of the electro-magnet.
This modification may also be arranged tandem fashion, for example after the
manner shown in Figure 1.
In my provisional specification I referred to several forms which I have not
mentioned in this complete specification. I have omitted them because I find that
they offer no practical advantages.
.
I desire it to be understood that I use the words Heating, Cooling and Ventilating
in their widest sense, and that the apparatus herein specified may be applied to
any such uses as are referred to in the Complete Specifications accompanying my
Letters Patent No. 2920, of the year 1884, No. 15,464 of the year 1884 and
No, 339 of the year 1885.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. In apparatus for actuating the valves or similar or equivalent devices used in
connection with Heating, Cooling and Ventilating the tandem arrangement of
electro-magnets and armatures substantially as described and as illustrated with
reference to Figure 1.
2. In apparatus for actuating the valves or similar or equivalent devices used in
connection with Heating, Cooling and Ventilating the electro-magnet and tandem
arrangement of armatures substantially as described and as illustrated with reference
to Figure 2.
8. In apparatus for actuating the valves or similar or equivalent devices used in
connection with Heating, Cooling and Ventilating the solenoid or sucking magnet
and tandem arrangement of cores substantially as described and as illustrated with
reference to Figure 3.
4. In apparatus for actuating the valves or similar or equivalent devices used in
connection with Heating, Cooling and Ventilating the pointed core and conical
armature arrangement substantially as described and as illustrated with reference
to Figure 4.