Improvements in or relating to Smokeless Firing for Boiler Furnaces and the like.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Smokeless Firing for Boiler Furnaces
and the like.
I, Dr. JOSEF Gööz, of No. 37, Zärdenteza, Budapest, in the Kingdom of Hun-
gary, Austrian Empire, Manager, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
-
My invention relates to an improved smoke and soot consuming firing.
In order to attain the object of a smokeless and sootless firing the following
conditions must be fulfilled:
1. The air necessary for the complete combustion of the fuel must be divided
as much as possible and supplied partly below the grate and partly to the fire
gases.
2. The fire gases must attain as high a temperature as possible (not below 3
white heat) consequently an excessive supply of cold air will be injurious.
3. The air supplied to the fire gases (secondary air) must be intimately mixed
with the said gases.
The first condition is easily attained and has been sufficiently provided for in
almost all previous smoke consuming systems, in which the secondary air is
supplied to the fire gases through variously arranged channels.
The second condition is much more difficult to fulfil, especially in the case of
boiler furnaces with natural draught, consequently this condition is much less
often provided for, and especially the point that a sufficient but not excessive
quantity of air should be supplied to the firing at the proper moment. To fulfil
this condition is usually left to the skill of the fireman, and consequently is only
attained with uncertainty, and partially.
The third condition is the most difficult of all to fulfil, because it does not
depend upon the fireman, but only upon the construction of the apparatus, and
has hitherto been effected very imperfectly.
The firing which forms the subject of the present application fulfils the above
three conditions to the fullest extent, and consequently secures complete smoke
combustion.
In the case of apparatuses with the periodic supply of the grate with fuel the
whole procedure in the firing is also periodic, namely, when fresh fuel is sup-
plied, fresh air must be let in, and when the process of combustion is advanced
and the whole fuel becomes incandescent the air supply must be gradually closed,
and held closed until there is a fresh supply, so that no superfluous cold air can
be brought in which would cool the passages and the heating surface. For this
purpose there is devised an automatically working apparatus acting by hydraulic
pressure substantially as follows:
-
In a vertically placed cast iron cylinder is arranged a float which is connected
with the smoke damper by means of a cord passing over rollers. The smoke
lamper is provided with a counterbalance. In the cylinder aforesaid there dis-
charges a pipe provided' with a regulatable stop cock, and having a branch pipe

page_text: The high temperature of the heating gases is partly obtained by the avoidance
of an excess of cold air, and partly by the arrangement that the fire gases do not
come into contact immediately after their development with large cold surfaces,
but with surfaces which retain the heat and do not cool the gases; for this pur-
pose all such surfaces are constructed of fire proof material. The further means
for the increase of the temperature is that the fire gases at the point of their
highest temperature are throttled and drawn together, whereby on the one hand
the possibility of cooling is reduced, and on the other hand the pressure of the
gases at these places is somewhat increased, causing a corresponding increase of
temperature.
In the case of internal firing the contracting and protective surfaces consist
of the high and prolonged furnace bridge, and the arch arranged behind the same
also assists to divide the sharp flame from the walls of the boiler.
In the case of outside furnaces the throttling and heating surfaces are formed
by the arch and the upper part of the back wall, to which the said arch
approaches so nearly that there is only left as much space for the passing of the
gases as is absolutely necessary with a view to the required strength of draught.
The intimate admixture of the fire gases with the secondary air is so arranged
that the gases owing to the throttling receive a great speed, and at this speed
strike upon obstacles, such as the arch aforesaid in the internal firing, and that
described for the outside firing, so that the admixture of the gases with the air
is completely effected. Thus all the conditions set forth at the commencement
of the specification are fulfilled.
D
W. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
322, High Holborn, London, W.C., Patent Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in or relating to Smokeless Firing for Boiler Furnaces
and the like..
I, Dr. JOSEF Gööz, of No. 37, Zárdenteza, Budapest, in the Kingdom of Hun-
gary, Austrian Empire, Manager, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement; —
My invention relates to an improved smoke and soot-consuming firing.
In order to attain the object of a smokeless and sootless firing the following
conditions must be fulfilled:-
1) The air necessary for the complete combustion of the fuel must be divided
as much as possible, and supplied partly below the grate and partly to the fire-
gases.
2) The fire-gases must attain as high a temperature as possible (not below
white heat) and for that reason an excessive supply of cold air is injurious.
3) The air supplied for completing the combustion of the fire-gases (secondary
air) must be intimately mixed with the said gases.
The first condition is easily attained and has been sufficiently provided for in
almost all previous smoke consuming systems, in which the secondary air is
supplied to the fire gases through variously arranged channels.
The second condition is much more difficult to fulfil especially in the case: of
simple boiler furnaces with natural draught, consequently this condition is much
less often provided for, and especially that of supplying to the firing at the

page_text: regulating valve e¹ of the cock e, which latter is always completely opened, can
corresponding to the heating arrangements and the fuel be so adjusted that the
pipes a and will fill in such a space of time as allows the air necessary for the
complete combustion of the fuel to pass through or until the fuel is consumed,
whereupon the supply of air can be shut off.
!
In the case of furnaces with continuous supply to the grate as for instance
step-fire grate devices in which the fuel continually moves down during the
burning, the whole procedure is also continuous, consequently, the air must pass
continuously under the grate and to the fire gases.
In this case therefore, the damper b and closing. device for the secondary air
supply need not be simultaneously actuated so that the automatic regulator is
not requisite here, but the closing. devices of the air supply are adjusted according
to the local requirements and as long as the conditions remain the same, may
remain untouched.
The supply of secondary air in internal furnaces (Cornish boilers) is effected
through the furnace bridge in which there is arranged an upper chamber w,
the aperture of which, opening under the grate is provided with a valve & actuated
from the regulator, whereas the upper. orifice thereof is covered with an air-
grate z, (Figs. 2 and 4) so that the air can be passed in a finely divided state
through the narrow openings of the said air-grate into the fire gases. The fur-
nace bridge is provided with a raised piece. behind the grate with the object
of conducting the flames away over the grate so that this grate does not come
into direct contact with the flames and consequently cannot be burned, as would
happen very quickly if this raised piece were not used.
The supply of the secondary air in the case of external furnaces is effected
through the channels B B in the walls which discharge into the air chamber w
at Bi
In
The upper orifice of this air-chamber is similarly covered with a grate %,
so that the secondary air is also divided here and passes to the fire-gases.
order that the secondary air may be regulated here also according to requirements
the outer openings of the channels B B are provided with adjustable doors or
shutters of ordinary construction with which the air entering the channels BB
can be in a greater or less degree excluded.
The high temperature of the heating gases is partly obtained by the
avoidance of an excess of cold air which is effected in the case of flat grates by
the automatic regulator and in the case of stepped grates is effected by the pro-
perly regulated closing devices of the channel B, and partly by the arrangement
that the fire gases do not come into contact immediately after their development
with large cold surfaces, but with surfaces which retain their heat and do not
cool the gases; for this purpose all such surfaces are constructed of fire-proof
material. The further means for increasing the temperature is by throttling the
fire-gases at their highest temperature and drawing them together, whereby on
the one hand the possibility of cooling is reduced and on the other hand the
pressure of the gases at this point is somewhat increased, causing a corresponding
increase of temperature.
In the case of internal furnaces the protecting and compressing surfaces consist
of the high and long furnace bridge, and the arch arranged behind the same
which also serves to divert the sharp flames from the walls of the boiler.
In the case of external furnaces the protecting and compressing surfaces are
formed by the arch C and the upper part of the back wall D to which the arch
approaches so nearly that there is only left as much space for the gases to pass
as is absolutely necessary for the required strength of draught.
The intimate admixture of the fire gases with the secondary air is so arranged
that the gases owing to the contraction receive a great speed and at this speed
strike upon obstacles such as the arch w in the internal furnace and the arch E
in the external furnace, so that the admixture of the gases with the air is com-
pletely effected.
Thus all the conditions set forth at the commencement of the specification are
fulfilled by the above described furnace.