IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR OBTAINING ELECTRIC CURRENTS
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Jones of Westhill Terrace Chapel Allerton
Leeds in the County of York for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINES FOR OBTAINING ELECTRIC CURRENTS
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Jones at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th July 1883.
EDWARD JONES of Westhill Terrace, Chapel Allerton, Leeds in the County of
York
" IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR OBTAINING ELECTRIC CURRENTS
"
دو
The object of the present invention is to construct an electric generator which
shall be compact and durable, and which, while run at a comparatively low speed,
will yield a maximum amount of current, and to this end the invention relates
more particularly to improvements in the construction of the armature, and in
the method of winding the same, whereby the maximum amount of wire may be
efficiently disposed thereon.
The invention also relates to improved means for securing the armature upon
the shaft of the machine, whereby great rigidity and stiffness are obtained.
The invention also relates to means for accurately adjusting the position of
the armature with respect to the field magnets disposed around its periphery.
The invention further relates to a simplified arrangement of conductors within
the bollow portion of the shaft, and to improved means for insulating and securing
such conductors in place therein, and for coupling up or connecting such conductors
with the commutator plates, whereby facilities are afforded for drawing off the
electric currents and distributing them.
In constructing an electrical generator according to my invention, I arrange,
say, six field magnets horizontally, and group them in a cylindrical form, bolting
their ends to circular side plates or standards. The field magnets are deeply
channelled on their inner faces, midway of their length, to receive the armature,
and the two halves of each field magnet are wound so as to form strong poles of
alternately opposite polarity around three sides of the armature core. There is no
novelty however in this arrangement of the field magnets.
3-
In constructing the armature according to my invention so as to receive the
FD...All

page_text: maximum of wire, I form the core of a hollow metal ring of any suitable cross
section; with narrow radial depressions or grooves to receive the pole pieces, which
divide the ring into as many sections as there are to be coils. The sides of this
hollow ring are preferably concave, to obtain more space for the folds of copper
wire or ribbon, and they are cut through in two or more concentric lines
between the polar extensions, to prevent the formation of injurious currents and
heating.
The sections on which the coils are wound decrease in size as they approach
the centre, and their edges are practically radial in side view while the polar
extensions or projections between the several sections have parallel sides.
In winding the armature I use insulated copper ribbon, and beginning at the
periphery, I lay the ribbon close to the radial side, and place the edges of the
several convolutions close together, overlapping them as they approach the centre,
where the available space is more contracted, and having thus completely covered
the surface of the section with a fan-shaped layer of the wire or ribbon, I wind
on a second complete layer in the same manner, but commencing at the opposite
end of the section, and so on till the requisite quantity of wire or ribbon has been
wound on each section; or I may keep the edges of the several convolutions
strictly parallel, until the narrowest part of the section is covered by a simple
layer of wires, touching, but not overlapping, and I may then proceed to wind
on a second layer from the opposite side of the section in a similar manner,
and so on.
The armature thus constructed, and wound is secured on, the shaft, by, means
of U-shaped straps, which fit radially into the grooves formed for their reception
in the armature core, and are drawn inwards and firmly braced to a boss or hub
by means of collars of suitable metal with bevelled or inclined surfaces, which
engage with corresponding inclines on the U-shaped straps, and which are drawn
together by means of nuts on the shaft, or by bolts and nuts in the collars
themselves. The hub, of suitable metal, is keyed on the shaft, and has a central
ring with projecting spacing pieces, between which the ends of the straps are
drawn in and securely held.
Instead of an armature core, as above described, I may form a core by filling a
mould of the section required with suitably insulated iron wire, supporting it at
intervals, when removed from the mould, in suitably recessed bearing blocks,
constituting polar pieces, and binding the wire core to these bearing blocks by straps.
The sections of the wire core between the polar pieces will then be wound with.
the conductor, and the armature secured to the shaft as above explained. I may
also form the armature of two annular shells preferably stamped out of thin sheet
metal, or cast in malleable steel or iron, and bolted or rivetted together; previously
filling the interior with iron borings or filings, or pieces of wire or iron in any
divided state, to prevent heating, embedded in plaster of Paris, or equivalent
material or I may build up the armature of concentric rings of iron formed with
spacing blocks or radial projections constituting polar pieces. In this case the
centres of the polar pieces, when the rings are properly placed the one around the
other, on the shaft, will be arranged, along radial lines, and the blocks touching
closely, will serve to hold the ring sections between them concentrically around the
axis.
Bolts or pins passing through the several radial rows of polar pieces firmly unite the
rings to the shaft and prevent any slip or shifting of the parts. Each section of
each ring can thus be closely wound and filled with wire before the several rings
are placed together to form the armature.
The innermost ring accurately fits a hub of suitable metal on the shaft, and the
polar pieces of the several rings also fit truly the one over the other.
In order to limit the number of wires passing through the hollow part of the
shaft, I couple up the like end, say of every fourth coil of twelve in the armature
with a single conductor, thus grouping three.coils together; and I lead the four
conductors necessary in this case through the hollow axle to the commutator, where

page_text: the end of each conductor is connected in succession to three plates on the
commutator, and the other end of each coil is connected to the like end of the
diametrically opposite coil; and by this arrangement I can either draw off or collect
three distinct currents by using separate brushes touching the three plates
simultaneously; or I can collect a triple current at a single point by a single brush,
and so with other multiples of coils and magnets.
To insulate the conductors and securely hold them in place within the hollow
shaft, I groove a rod of wood or other suitable material longitudinally, and lay the
conductors within the grooves, retaining them in place by a hollow cylinder of
paper or equivalent material fitting closely around the grooved rod and within the
hollow shaft.
I drill the shaft obliquely at the proper points to lead the conductors from the
outside to the inside of the hollow portion of the shaft, insulating and securing
each one in its oblique hole by a tube of insulating material.
I provide for the shaft of the generator, leng bearings, bushed with suitable
metal, and I form shoulders on the shaft against which the bushes bear. I also
provide the bushes with external flanges, and by means of screws projecting from
the bearings, and nuts working thereon, I am enabled to adjust the position of each
bush, and thereby thrust the shaft and its armature in either direction, so that the
latter may be exactly adjusted relatively to the surrounding field magnets; and
lateral motion be efficiently prevented.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Edward Jones in the Patent Office on the 24th January 1884.
EDWARD JONES of Westhill Terrace Chapel Allerton Leeds in the County of
York "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR OBTAINING ELECTRIC CURRENTS
"
The object of the present Invention is to construct an Electric generator which
shall be compact and durable, and which while run at a comparatively low speed,
will yield a maximum amount of current, and to this end the Invention relates
more particularly to improvements in the construction of the armature, and in the
method of winding the same whereby the maximum amount of wire may be
efficiently disposed thereon.
The Invention also relates to improved means for securing the armature upon
the shaft of the Machine whereby great rigidity and stiffness are obtained.
The Invention also relates to means for accurately adjusting the position of the
armature with respect to the field magnets disposed around it.
My several improvements will be understood from the following description,
reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which the same letters of
reference are used to indicate corresponding parts in all the Figures.
Figures 1. 2 and 3 represent in side view portions of the armature, and three
methods of winding the several sections of the same.
Fig 4 is a cross section taken on the line 1. 2 of Fig: 3.
Figures 5. 6. 7 and 8' are sectional views of the armature taken through one of
the pole pieces, and illustrating several methods of fixing the armature on its
spindle according to my Invention.
Fig: 9 is a side elevation of a complete armature constructed and mounted
according to my Invention.
Fig: 10 is a sectional elevation of a complete Machine, showing the means for
adjusting the armature with respect to the field magnets.
Fig 11 is an end elevation of the same.
Fig: 12 is a sectional elevation of a Machine having one long bearing only,
and shewing the armature in section and the means for adjusting its position with
respect to the field magnets.
Fig 13 is a transverse section of the same through the pole pieces of the
magnets; the armature and its spindle being removed.
Fig 14. shows, in side elevation, one-half of a double ring armature
constructed according to my Invention ; and
Fig 15 is a section on the line 1. 2 of Fig: 14:
Before proceeding to describe the method of constructing and mounting the
armature which constitutes the first head of my Invention, I would remark that
the magnets forming the field, within which the coils of my armature rotate, are
arranged horizontally their cores being bolted to circular end plates or standards.
These magnets which are preferably 4 or 6 in number are deeply channelled on
their inner faces midway of their length; to receive the armature, and the two
halves of each field magnet are wound so as to form strong poles of alternately
opposite polarity around three sides of the armature core: I do not however
claim any novelty in this arrangement of the field magnets.
Referring now to Figures 1 to 9 inclusive. A is a hollow metal ring with
equidistant narrow radial depressions or grooves to receive the pole pieces B. B.
These pole pieces B. B. as seen in edge view, are narrow, and have parallel or
substantially parallel edges, and divide the armature into a series of fan-like
sections for the reception of the coils C C of the conductor. The conductor is of
་

page_text: insulated copper wire or tape, and in order that it shall fully fill the section of.
the armature alloted to it, it is wound upon the core A between two of the pole
pieces B B in the following manner :—
Beginning at the periphery, I lay the ribbon close to one of the pole pieces or
polar extensions B, and place the edges of the several convolutions close together
along the outer surface of the core, overlapping them as they approach the centre
where the available space is more contracted; and having thus completely covered
the surface of the core between the said polar extensions with a fan-shaped layer
of the wire or ribbon, I wind on a second complete layer in the same manner, but
commencing at the opposite end or side of the section; and so on, till the
requisite quantity of wire or ribbon has been wound on. This arrangement is
shewn in Fig 1.
When using round wire, the same result may be obtained by commencing to
wind close to one pole piece, and laying the turns of wire closely side by side and
strictly parallel till the narrowest or inner part of the section of the core is
covered by a single layer of wire touching, but not overlapping; and then
commencing with the opposite side or pole winding this layer in a similar manner
as shewn in Fig: 2; and so on until the section is filled with a coil of the
required size.
Or, the conductor, when of round wire, may be wound on the several sections
of the core as shewn in Figures 3 and 4 by laying the convolutions so as to
closely touch on the outer surface and by overlapping them with regularity so as
to lie close together along the inner part of the core, and so as to completely.
fill the allotted space of the armature with a fan-like covering of wire suitably'
insulated.
When each of the sections of the armature has been thus wound with coils, and
the pole pieces B B are in their proper position between the said coils the armature
will appear as represented in Fig 9; from which it will be seen that the pole
pieces B occupy a minimum amount of space and divide the armature into
sections which by the above method of winding contain each a maximum amount
of wire.
In some machines the sections for the reception of the coils are bounded by
parallel walls, and the edges of the pole pieces between the said sections are of
fan shape and occupy much valuable space unnecessarily whereas in my armature
the pole pieces are narrow, have. substantially parallel sides, and divide tho'
armature into fan-shaped, instead of parallel,. sections. for the coils. By this
arrangement I can place the coils close together and secure a maximum amount of
wire upon the armature.
Moreover I utilize the pole pieces in my armature for the purpose of securely
holding the ring and its coils concentric with and upon its spindle.
For this purpose the pole pieces are divided or partially divided so as to form
straps of shape which can be slipped over the ring A and fit into radial
grooves or cuts in the sides of the said ring-These U-shaped, or divided pole
pieces are provided with bevelled or dovetailed inner surfaces bb, which engage
with corresponding surfaces d d formed on the hub D. This hub, which is
preferably of taper forin and made of brass or other non magnetic metal, is fast on
the spindle E, and the radially arranged pole pieces B B are forced onto the taper
hub D by means of collars F provided with inclines 'or bevels ff which engage
'with the inclines bb on the pole pieces and securely hold the said pole pieces
radially and equidistant around the hub.
This arrangement is shewn in Fig 5 but the pole pieces might be made to fit
within grooves in or between spacing pieces on a truly cylindrical hub and be
drawn inwards against the said hub by two collars F F each provided with
inclines f f engaging with the inclines bb of the poles pieces, as shewn in
Fig 6.
In some cases the inclines or bevels may be dispensed with, as shewn in
Figures 7. 8 and 10, and the U-shaped or divided pole pieces, instead of being

page_text: fitted as in Fig 6, may be conveniently inverted, and arranged as in Figures 7. 8
and 10; the gap between the ends of the U being filled up, as each section is
wound, by a making-up piece G.
In this case the U-shaped pole pieces, instead of being drawn inwards, are
forced outwards by the taper hub D and collars F, which collars are screwed tight
by the nuts f¹
普
In Figures 6. 7 and 8 the pole pieces are shewn as separate "from the core A,
but in Fig 5 I have shewn these pole pieces in one with the hollow core A; both
pole pieces and core being cast in two halves as shewn at H, and the two halves
being divided at intervals by an insulating material
In all cases where the core A is hollow it is cast in two halves as shewn in
Figures 4. 5 and 6, but it may be made of insulated iron wire suitably wound on
a mould or former; and it is when thus formed that I arrange the pole pieces
and making-up pieces as shewn in Figures 7. 8 and 10. The iron wire core-may
have a section of tapering or rectangular form as shewn in Figures 7 and 8 and
the pole pieces B B are preferably cornered or shaped at their outer ends, as
indicated in Figures 5 to 8, the better to correspond with the form of the channels
in the poles of the fields magnets.
I would remark that I prefer to insulate the inner ends of the pole pieces
the one from the other by interposing a layer of nonconducting material such as
wood between the metal hub D and the inner ends of the said 'pole pieces.
Referring now to Figures 10 and 11 I will explain the means for adjusting the
position of the armature with relation to the field magnets M, and the general
arrangement of the complete Machine.
As before stated the armature is securely fixed on the hub D in the manner above
set forth, and this hub is fast on the spindle E. To adjust the position of the
armature with reference to its field magnets it is therefore necessary to provide
ineans for shifting the spindle end ways with ease and accuracy.
For this purpose the spindle E, is provided towards its centre with shoulders at e e,
and the bearing bushes K are provided with flanges k through which pass bolts
I screwed into the end plates of the Machine. By means of the nuts m m¹
on opposite sides of the flanges kk, the bushes K can be accurately advanced
towards, or withdrawn from, the central line of the Machine, and their ends
engaging with the shoulders at ee on the spindle E will force the said spindle in
one direction or the other.
In this Figure M represents the space occupied by the wire on the field magnets,
N is the commutator, O is a hole in the spindle through which the conducting wires
pass from the armature to the commutator, P P are the driving pullies, Q is a
standard for carrying the brush rockers and R are the terminals insulated from the
frame.
The frame of the Machine is divided horizontally across it's centre as shewn by
the line 1. 2 in Fig 11, which is an advantage, as by lifting off the upper part of
the frame and the magnets attached thereto the armature can be adjusted and
examined when in situ.
Figures 12 and 13 are a longitudinal section and end elevation of a Machine
with only one bearing or journal, which will be understood from the description of
Figures 10 and 11 above given; the only noticeable difference being that the
armature is provided with a ring of wood or other non conductor inside the iron
wire core for the purpose of lessening the quantity of iron when the core is of large
size.
Any suitable number of field magnets or any suitable arrangement of field
magnets may be used to induce a current in the coils of my improved armature.
5
In Figures 14 and 15 I have shewn a double ring armature constructed according
to my Invention. In this case there are two separate concentric rings or cores each
divided up by narrow pole pieces into sections of fan-like shape for the reception of 5
the coils. The pole pieces B B are of such breadth as will allow of their being
drilled to receive bolts b₁ b', and when the rings are in their proper relative position
.

page_text: the axes of the several pole pieces will coincide and the rings will be concentric with
the spindle. The bolts or pins 61 61 are then screwed into the hub D and firmly
unite the two rings to the spindle, and prevent any slip or shifting of the parts.
Each section of each ring can be closely wound and filled with wire before the
several rings are united to form the armature.
The innermost ring is secured to the hub on the spindle in the manner above
described and the pole pieces of the several rings fit accurately the one around the
other. When using a double ring armature of this description the poles of the field
magnets will be proportionately deeply channelled, so that the coils on each ring
may be well within the lines of force in the said field.
The proper relative position of the field magnets with respect to the core and
coils of a single armature is shewn clearly in Fig 10, and a similar arrangement of
the parts may be used with respect to the double or a multiple ring armature.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention of "Improvements in
machines for obtaining electric currents" and explained in what manner the same
may be carried into practical effect, I wish it to be understood that I claim :-
First: My improved armature for electric machines consisting of an annular core
such as A divided radially by pole pieces such as B B, into fan-shaped sections, on
or within which the conductor is wound in the manner above described.
Secondly The combination with the armature core or ring A, narrow divided
pole pieces B B, and fan-shaped coils C C, of means substantially as described for
securely holding the said core and its coils in place around and concentric with the
spindle of the said armature, as set forth.
Thirdly The means herein-above described for shifting the spindle of an electric
machine endwise, and thereby facilitating the adjustment of the armature with
respect to the field magnets.
Fourthly The construction and arrangement of compound armature consisting of
separate concentric rings or cores, each provided with narrow pole pieces BB
arranged in radial lines, and dividing the said wings into sections wound with fan-
shaped coils of wire in the manner and for the purpose above set forth.
In witness whereof I the said Edward Jones have hereunto set my hand
and seal the twentyfirst day of January in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty four.
TAHIDD
ΤΟΝΙΙα