Improvements in Surface Condensing, Refrigerating, and Evaporating Apparatus.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Feb., 1894
"Complete Specification Left, 12th N.v., 1894-Accepted, 15th Dec., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Surface Condensing, Refrigerating, and
Evaporating Apparatus.
I, EDUARD THEISEN, of Kronprinzen Strasse 4, Baden-Baden, Germany,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to apparatus for condensing steam and other condensible
fluids, or for refrigerating and evaporating fluids, in which a liquid is made to
flow in a thin layer over the surface of a tube or cylinder while air or hot or cold gases
are brought in contact therewith, so as by the resulting evaporation of the liquid
either to produce cold for the purposes of condensation or refrigeration of a fluid,
or for the purpose of evaporating the said liquid that is brought in contact with
the air or gases.
In the Specification to my Patent No. 6700 of 1892 I described an arrangement
of tubes for such apparatus in which wires of a solid cylindrical section were coiled
helically round such tubes either on the inner or the outer surface thereof in order
both to retard the downward flow of the liquid on such tubes and at the same
time to make it flow very uniformly over the entire surface of the tube, by causing
it to flow in a helical direction round the tube in the channels formed between the
In addition to this effect the capillary
contiguous convolutions of the wires.
attraction exercised by the wire coils upon the liquid both increased the resistance
to its flow and prevented the liquid from being blown off the tube by the currents
of air or gases made to impinge thereon.
My present invention has for its object both to increase the capillary attraction
and the amount of surfaces offered by such coils and it consists in employing either
in lieu of the cylindrical wires described in the Specification to my said prior
Patent or in combination therewith, wires, filaments, or rods, or combinations thereof,
of sections other than a circular one. Thus according to one arrangement I employ
a metallic wire or filament that is of a triangular or approximately triangular
section and I coil this round the tube or cylinder in such manner that its apex
lies against the latter, thus presenting two inward sloping sides to the liquid flowing
round the tube, and thereby affording by the acute angle formed with the surface
of the tube a considerable capillary attraction to the liquid, retarding its flow.
I
According to another arrangement 1 employ a flat strip of metal or a strip of a
rectangular or triangular section with either flat or fluted sides, which is twisted
longitudinally so as to présent helical grooves along its surface, which grooves
form hollows where they lie in contact with the surface of the tube or cylinder,
and thus also afford considerable capillary attraction.
According to another modification I make the said strips of a cross shaped
section and twist it as described so as to form a greater number of deeper helical
grooves, the cross shaped section being either formed of solid metal, or of a thin
strip of metal, along the middle of each side whereof is fixed a thin wire by
soldering or otherwise.
According to another modification 1 twist two or more wires together so as to
produce helical grooves between them.
Lastly the filaments may be made of a trough shape either of V or Ụ form
section, or two such filaments may be placed back to back and twisted together.
The above described forms of wires, filaments or strips may either be used alone
or alternately with the solid cylindrical wires described in the said former
Specification, and they may be applied either to the outer or the inner surfaces of
tubes, or to both, or to the surfaces of concentric tubes or cylinders having a

page_text: narrow annular space between them through which the fluid to be condensed or
refrigerated is made to flow.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in Surface Condensing, Refrigerating, and
Evaporating Apparatus.
I, EDUARD THEISEN, of Kronprinzen Strasse 4, Baden-Baden, Germany,
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
My invention relates to apparatus for condensing steam and other condensible
fluids, or for refrigerating and evaporating fluids, in which a liquid is made to flow
in a thin layer over the surface of a tube or cylinder while air or hot or cold gases
are brought in contact therewith, so as, by the resulting evaporation of the liquid,
either to produce cold for the purposes of condensation or refrigeration of a fluid,
or for the purpose of evaporating the said liquid that is brought in contact with
the air or gases.
In the Specification to my Patent No. 6700 of 1892 I described an arrangement
of tubes for such apparatus in which wires of a solid cylindrical section were
coiled helically round such tubes, either on the inner or the outer surface thereof,
in order both to retard the downward flow of the liquid on such tubes and at the
same time to make it flow very uniformly over the entire surface of the tube, by
causing it to flow in a helical direction round the tube in the channels formed
between the contiguous convolutions of the wires. In addition to this effect, the
capillary attraction exercised by the wire coils upon the liquid both increased the
resistance to its flow and prevented the liquid from being blown off the tube by
the currents of air or gases made to impinge thereon.
My present invention has for its object both to increase the capillary attraction
and the amount of surfaces offered by such coils and it consists in employing either
in lieu of the cylindrical wires described in the Specification to my said prior
Patent or in combination therewith, wires, filaments, or rods, or combinations
thereof, of sections other than a circular one. Thus according to one arrangement
I employ a metallic wire or filament that is of a triangular or approximately
triangular section and I coil this round the tube or cylinder in such manner that
its apex lies against the latter, thus presenting two inward sloping sides to the
liquid flowing round the tube, and thereby affording, by the acute angle formed
with the surface of the tube, a considerable capillary attraction to the liquid
retarding its flow.
According to another arrangement I employ a flat strip of metal or a strip of a
rectangular or triangular section with either flat or fluted sides, which is twisted
longitudinally so as to present helical grooves along its surface, which grooves
form hollows where they lie in contact with the surface of the tube or cylinder,
and thus also afford considerable capillary attraction.
According to another modification I make the said strip of a cross-shaped section
and twist it as described so as to form a greater number of deeper helical grooves,
the cross shaped section being either formed of solid metal, or of a thin strip of
metal, along the middle of each side whereof is fixed a thin wire by soldering
or otherwise.
Lastly the filaments may be made of a trough shape either of V or Ụ form
section, or two such filaments may be placed back to back and twisted together.
The above described forms of wires filaments or strips may either be used alone

page_text: or alternately with the solid cylindrical wires described in my said former Specifi--
cation, and they may be applied either to the outer or the inner surfaces of tubes
or cylinders or to both, or to the surfaces of concentric tubes or cylinders having a
narrow annular space between them through which the fluid to be condensed or
refrigerated is made to flow.
On the accompanying drawings are shewn various forms of the helically coiled
wires or strips according to my present invention.
In Fig. 1, the wire or strip a is of triangular section, and is coiled round the tube t
so that the apex of the wire lies against the tube, thus affording dovetail surfaces
between the convolutions which exercise considerable capillary attraction to the
liquid flowing down in the same.
Fig. 2 shews strips 6 of a flat section with bevilled edges, which afford dovetail
spaces similar to Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 shews a flat metal strip c twisted helically, so that when coiled round a
tube, it affords firstly two helical channels in itself for the flow of the liquid, and
secondly helical channels between the convolutions, considerable capillary attraction
being also afforded in this case by the helical surfaces of the twisted strip where
they are in contact with the tube.
Fig. 4 shews a twisted strip d of a cross-shaped section, which affords four
helical channels and consequently a correspondingly increased capillary attraction.
Fig. 5 shews twisted wires or strips e of a rectangular section, coiled round the
interior of the tube t, while in Fig. 6 the twisted strips fare of an approximately
triangular section.
Fig. 7 shews at g a flat twisted strip, similar to Fig. 3, but with round wires on
each side thereof, thus producing approximately the cross-shaped section at Fig. 4..
The coils of twisted strips are here shewn to alternate with coils of cylindrical
wire h, and the previously described forms of strips can be similarly combined with
round wire coils.
Fig. 8 shews coils formed of two wires twisted together;
Figs. 9 and 10 shew coils of a V and U shaped section, which afford passages.
for the liquid both within them and between them.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-..
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1
claim is :-
1. In apparatus for condensing refrigerating and evaporating fluids having tubes.
or cylinders with wires or metal strips coiled helically round them for the purpose
herein set forth, the use of wires or strips having a triangular rectangular or other
angular section for forming the helical coils round the tubes, substantially as
described.
2. In apparatus for condensing refrigerating and evaporating fluids having tubes.
or cylinders with wires or metal strips coiled round them, the use, of twisted wires
or strips of a flat, triangular cross-shaped rectangular, or other angular section for
forming the helical coils round the tubes substantially as described.
3. In apparatus for condensing refrigerating and evaporating fluids having
tubes or cylinders with wires or metal strips coiled round them, the use of two or
more metal wires or strips twisted together for forming the helical coils round the
tubes substantially as described.
4. In apparatus for condensing refrigerating and evaporating fluids, having
tubes or cylinders with wires or metal strips coiled round them, the use of metal
strips of a trough shaped section for forming the helical coils round the tubes,.
substantially as described.
1
ليمي
1
CAT
11004
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant..