Improvements in Lamps.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Jan., 1887
Complete Left, 13th Oct., 1887
Complete Accepted, 6th Jan., 1888
Improvements in Lamps.
1, THOMAS COOPER JOHN THOMAS, of No. 5. Carlton Road, Hornsey, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
In my specification No. 883 A.D. 1885 is described a construction of lamps in
which the burner proper is a modification of a burner described in my carlier
specification No. 10834 A.D. 1884; it is closed at its lower end and formed with
lateral openings for the issue of gas and provided with a surrounding curtain or
deflector the lower part of the burner in one arrangement is made of a form resein-
bling externally a trumpet moutli, that is to say, gradually increasing in diameter
Lowards the lower end; and air to support combustion passes through an air heating
chamber provided with concentric pipes or annular divisions made with outwardly
curved or trumpet-mouthed lower ends or not.
:
Now my present invention has reference to such and similar lamps, and one object
thereof is to facilitate the manufacture and putting together in a true and concentric
manner of the burner proper and the adjacent parts. Also to enable the burner
proper to be readily removed and replaced without disturbing such other parts.
The burner proper may have one row of holes, or it may have more so as to make
the holes more numerous, and thereby the better distribute the gas as it issues into the
annulae space enclosed by the curtain. It is at or near its lower end turned outward
and upward, or cupped, so as to form an annular channel of curved section opposite
the lower end of the surrounding curtain and annular space whence the gas issues
from between the central portion of the burner and the curtain, as will be readily
understood from the appended illustration given by way of example. The air heating
chamber. or the lower portion thereof, is formed at its upper part as a plate with a
series of perforations through which air can descend into the annular spaces between
the concentric pipes or annular divisions, and these at their lower ends are contracted
resemble
or made of a gradually decreasing diameter; thus their lower ends
inverted hollow truncated cones, or they may be curved inward. Conveniently such
an air heating chamber or lower part of an air heating chamber may be composed of
may

page_text: a series of tubes, each formed at one end with a flange projecting outward and
perforated, and at the other end made with a part of gradually decreasing diameter,
the arrangement being such that the flange of one tube will enter a recess in the
corresponding end of another, and can be screwed into the same or secured by radial
pins, screws, or other convenient manner. Thus when the tubes are put together their
several flanges form a compound perforated plate, the holes of which establish com-
munication with the annular spaces between the tubes. Such an arrangement may be
employed in a lamp which in other respects may be of any suitable construction, and
the air may be conducted in any convenient manner (it may be through a pre-
liminary air heating chamber or chambers, or pipe or pipes) into my improved air
heating chamber, and thence to the flame. The construction is or may be such that
the improved air heating chamber and burner proper constitute what may be called a
compound burner, the whole of which, without its constituent pieces being taken
apart, is removable from the gas supply pipe and air supply. By the construction
described, the number and sizes of the perforations for admitting air between the
several concentric pipes or annular divisions can be so proportioned as to enable the
air supply to be regulated with nicety..
The burner proper, with or without the parts hereinabove referred to as constituting
with it the compound burner, I in some cases coat, by a suitable known process,
with platinum to prevent corrosion and deposit.
Referring to the appended sheet of illustrative drawings,
Fig. 1 illustrates an arrangement in central vertical section.
Fig. 2 is a plan of the same.
Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the outer tube.
Fig. 4 is a similar view of the intermediate tube.
Fig. 5 is a like view of the inner tube.
Fig. 6 is a like view of the casting adapted to be screwed on to the gas supply
pipe and to connect it with the burner proper, as also to receive the inner tube.
Fig. 7 is a like view of the burner proper without the curtain, and Fig. 8 is a like
view of the curtain detached.
As will be evident, the form shown may be modified, and the number of tubes
employed may be greater or less.
In connection with air heating and guiding arrangements such as referred to above,
a burner proper differing more or less from the form shown may be employed.
Dated this 13th day of January 1887.
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fiolds, London, W.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Lamps.
I, THOMAS COOPER JOHN THOMAS, of No. 5, Carlton Road, Hornsey, in the county
of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:—
This invention has reference to lamps of the regenerative or recuperative type
whereof examples are to be found in the specifications of former Patents granted to
me respectively No. 10834 of 1884 and No. 883 of 1885.
My present invention has reference to improvements in the air heating arrange-
ments and in the burners.
These improvements which relato, (inter alia,) to the formation of the air heating
chambers with pipes or annular divisions having their outer ends (that is, those at
which the heated air issues,) contracted, also to providing opposite the burner orifice
or outlet a deflector such as will, in the case of an inverted burner, deflect the out-
flowing gas and impart an upward direction thereto, will be readily understood from
the description hereinafter contained, in which my improvements are, for the sake of
illustration, described as applied to lamps such as described in my before mentioned
specifications, although it will be evident they or some of them may be applied in
lamps differing in some respects from those shown in my said specifications.
My present invention is designed (inter alia) to better guide the air and gas, to
facilitate the manufacture and putting together in a true and concentric manner of
the burner proper and the adjacent parts; and to enable the burner proper to be
readily removed and replaced without disturbing certain neighbouring parts.
Referring to the accompanying three sheets of drawings,
Fig. represents partly in elevation, and partly in vertical section, a gas lamp
according to my invention. -
Fig. 2 is a plan of the casting 3 hereinafter described.
Fig. 3 is a central vertical section of the burner and air heating chamber.
Fig. 4 is a plan of same.
Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the outer pipe.
Fig. 6 is a similar view of the intermediate pipe.
Fig. 7 is a like view of the inner pipe.
Fig. 8 is a like view of the casting adapted to be screwed on to the gas supply
pipe and to connect it with the burner proper, as also to receive the inner pipe.
Fig. 9 is a like view of the burner proper without the curtain. →
Fig. 10 is a like view of the curtain detached.
Fig. 10 is a vertical section illustrating a modified construction. -
Fig. 11 is a vertical section, and
Fig. 12 is a sectional plan on the line 1, 2, Fig. 11-illustrating modifications in the
construction of parts of the lamp.
Fig. 1 is drawn to a smaller scale than the remaining figures,

page_text: Referring to Figs. 1 to 10 inclusive, 1 is a gas supply pipe made in connected
parts to it the burner and other parts of the lamp are secured as shown. 2 is an air
heating chamber provided with a series of concentric pipes or annular divisions to aid
in distributing and heating air on its way to the burner. 3 is a casting secured to
the lower part of the gas supply pipe 1; it is formed with channels or passages 4 for
air and with other channels or passages 5 for the escape of heated gases and products
of combustion to the chimney. Each channel or passage 4 has secured over its outer
end a cover or guard plate 4* that is perforated at its sides for passage of air. 6 is a
pipe or tube placed between the casting 3 and the air heating chamber 2; it
constitutes an extension of the casting 3 with which it forms a preliminary air
heating chamber, and is secured or held in place as shown by screwing the chamber 2
to the gas supply pipe 1. 7 is a cover secured to the casting 3 in any convenient
manner, in the arrangement shown, it fits within a flange 8 of the casting 3 to which
it is secured by screws, one of which is indicated at 9. 10 is a bowl or chamber of
transparent or translucent material serving as a combustion chamber; it is carried by
a frame 11 hinged at 12 to the cover 7. 13 is a catch lever pivotted to the
frame 11, and capable of being made to overlap and rest upon, or to clear the upper
surface of the cover 7 for the purpose of keeping closed or allowing of the opening
of the combustion chamber. 14 is the lamp casing, with perforated portion 15 for
admission of air, part of which passes through the channels or passages 4 to the air
heating chambers, and part through holes or openings in the cover 7, one of which is
shown at 16, to the bowl or chamber 10. 17 is a conical guide tube arranged within
that part 7 of the cover 7 which forms the lower part of the lamp chimney. 18 is a
reflector. The tube 17 and reflector 18 are secured to the part 7* of the cover 7 by
screws 19, and are maintained a short distance apart by tubes or distance pieces 20 as
shown, so that air may pass between them as indicated by the arrows.
21 is a
conoidal tube that serves to guide the heated air and products of combustion in the
chimney 22; it also serves to carry the chimney 22 and casing 14. 23 is a cover
that rests upon a tube 24 supported by a tripod stand 26 at the upper end of the
chimney. The cover 23 is secured in place by a nut 27, and serves to deflect the
products of combustion and heated air outward and downward as they escape from
the chimney.
The air heating chamber 2 is provided near its upper part with a plate or top 28
formed with a series of perforations 29 through which air can descend into the
annular spaces 30 between the concentric pipes or annular divisions 31, and between
the inner of these and the gas supply pipe or burner. The pipes or annular
divisions 31 are at their lower ends 32 contracted or made of a gradually decreasing
diameter. In the drawing, their lower ends resemble inverted hollow truncated
cones, but they may be curved inward, the object being to guide the heated air
inward towards the centre of the burner and onto the inner or upper surface of the
flame. 31, 31, are pipes or annular divisions (which in the example illustrated are
shown in dotted lines,) that may be employed; they are shorter than the others (31)
and are not contracted or reduced in diameter at their lower ends. They divide the
annular spaces being fastened to the annular divisions by screws; and distance pieces
being interposed as indicated. In some cases all the pipes or annular divisions may
be like 31. Conveniently such an air heating chamber or lower part of a compound
air heating chamber may be composed, as shown, of a series of pipes 31, 31, cach
.formed at one end with a flange 33 projecting outward and perforated (except the
outer wall or pipe 31) with holes 29, and at the other end made with a part 32 of
gradually decreasing diameter, the arrangement being such that the flange of one
pipe will enter a recess in the corresponding end of another pipe and can bo screwed
into the same, or he secured by radial pins, or screws, or in any other convenient
manner, as will be readily understood. In some cases the perforated plate may be a
separate piece, or may even be dispensed with, if suitable radial pins or connections
be provided to hold the pipes or annular divisions in place.
:
The casting 1* forming part of the gas supply pipo and which carries the burner
proper also has a perforated flange 34 on to which the inner pipe 31 is secured by

page_text: screwing or otherwise. Thus when the pipes and casting 1* are put together, their
several flanges form a compound perforated plate, the holes of which establish
communication with the annular spaces between the pipes and between the inner
pipe and the gas supply pipe or burner. By varying the number and size of the
holes 29 in the plate 28, the proportion of air passing to the several annular spaces
can be regulated according to requirement. Such an arrangement of air heating
chamber may be employed in a lamp which in other respects may be of any suitable
construction, and the air may be conducted in any convenient manner; it may be
through a preliminary air heating chamber (as in the arrangement shown) or
chambers, or pipe or pipes into my improved air heating chamber, and thence to the
flame; or, direct to my improved air heating chamber. The construction described,
as will be seen, is such that the improved air heating chamber and burner proper
constitute what may be called a compound burner, the whole of which can, without
taking apart its constituent pieces, be removed from the gas supply pipe and air
supply (as it is shown in Figure 3).
At or
The burner proper 35 is made solid at its lower part, with a central passage 36 for
gas, lateral holes 37, (the number and arrangement of which may be varied within
wide limits), a flange 38 and a screwed nozzle 39 that screws into a correspondingly
tapped hole in the pipe or casting 1". Instead of using circular openings 37 as
shown slotted openings may be employed. 40 is a surrounding curtain enclosing an
annular space 41, into which the gas passes after traversing the holes 37.
near its closed lower end, the burner 35 is according to this invention formed with an
enlargement 42 extending outward and upward, or cupped, so as to form an annular
channel 43 of curved section opposite the lower end of the surrounding curtain 40
and annular space 41, the channel serving to deflect the gas issuing from between the
central portion of the burner and the curtain 40 in an outward and upward direction.
In some cases the enlargement 42 instead of being provided with an annular
channel 43 may be made flat at its upper part. Also the burner may be provided
with a perforated flange that takes against the lower end of the curtain when it is
screwed in place. In this case the gas instead of issuing through an annular orifico
issues through an annular series of holes. I do not limit myself to the precise shapes
illustrated, so long as the essential characteristics be maintained. In Figure 10* the
perforated plate 28 is cast in one piece with downwardly projecting flanges 28* to
which the concentric pipes or annular divisions 31 (which may be of spun, stamped
or cast metal) are secured in any convenient manner; it may be by lapping, or by
beading or compressing the said flanges against them (as in the example shown) by
any suitable means. Screws 50 that pass through the several flanges and concentric
pipes or annular divisions as shown may be employed to aid in further securing these
parts together. In other respects, this compound burner is substantially the same as
that hereinbefore described, and is similarly figured.
My improved lamps and burners may be constructed in various forms; and, in
some cases, the air heating chambers may be so arranged as to divide the air supply
so as to regulate the proportions introduced through different parts of the air heating
chamber 2.
In Figures 11 and 12, the preliminary air heating chamber is made with com-
partments or divisions so that passages are formed therein for conducting air
separately to different annular spaces in the air heating chamber 2.
44 is a pipe fitted within the casting 3 and the pipe or tube 6; it is provided with
lateral tubular extensions 45, in communication with two of the channels or passages 4,
tbus placing them in communication, by way of its interior and some of the holes 29
in the plate 28 with the annular spaces 30 between the intermediate and inner pipes
or annular divisions 31 and the inner one of these and the gas supply pipe and
burner 35. The remaining two channels or passages 4 are in communication by way
of the annular space between the pipe or tube 6 and pipe 44 and by the outer row of
holes 29 with the annular space 30 between the outermost annular division 31 and
the outside casing of the air heating chamber 2. By suitably varying the size or
number (or both) of the holes in the covers or guard plates 4* that cover the

page_text: respective channels or passages 4, the proportion of air admitted to the two inner
annular spaces 30 and to the outer one respectively may be regulated according to
requirement irrespective of the size or number of the holes 29 in the plate 28. The
outer wall of the chamber 2 instead of being contracted at its lower end as shown in
Figures 1, and 3 to 7 inclusive may be of cylindrical form throughout its length and
the lower end of the outer of the intermediate tubes or annular divisions may be
contracted at its inner side 32 and he of bell mouth form at its outer side 46 as shown
in Figure 11.
By this construction, the air that passes through the outer annular space 30 may
he caused to assume an outward direction to aid in imparting the desired form to the
flame.
Burners such as herein before described may be employed in apparatus constructed
for heating purposes, or for both lighting and heating.
The burner proper with or without the parts hereinabove referred to as constituting
with it the compound burner, I, in some cases, coat by a suitable known process with
platinum to prevent corrosion and deposit. As will be evident, any desired number
of pipes or annular divisions may be employed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1.-Forming the air heating chamber with pipes or annular divisions all or some
of which are made contracted or of gradually decreasing diameter at their open ends
whence air issues, the arrangement being such as to direct the issuing air inward
towards the centre of the burner, substantially as hereinbefore described for the
purpose specified.
2. My improved air heating chambers substantially as described and as illustrated
respectively in Figures 3 to 7 inclusive in Figure 10* and in Figure 11 of the
drawings.
3. A burner having a deflector with annular channel 43 arranged below the orifice
or orifices at which the gas issues from the burner.
4. My improved burner substantially as described.
5. The combination of an air heating chamber formed with pipes or annular
divisions contracted at their lower ends and a burner having a deflector or enlarge-
ment opposite or below the orifice or orifices whence gas issues substantially as
described.
6. My improved air heating chamber and burner proper constituting together
what I call a compound burner substantially as herein described with reference to
Figures 3 to 10 inclusive, in Figure 10 and in Figure 11 of the drawings
annexed.
7. My improved gas lamp as hereinbefore described with reference to and shown
in Figures 1 to 10 inclusive of the drawings annexed with or without the plain
cylindrical pipes or annular divisions 31*.
Dated this 10th day of October 1887.
T. C. J. THOMAS.
W. Lloyd Wise,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Applicant's Agent.