IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAYS, AND IN LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER CARRIAGES
Year: 1839

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I GEORGE
AUGUSTUS KOLLMAN, Organist of Her Majesty's Royal German Chapel, Saint
James', in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Seventeenth day of August, in the third year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said George Augustus Kollman, Her especial licence, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said George Augustus Kollman, my exors, admors, or
assigns, or such others as I, the said George Augustus Kollman, my exors,
adñiors, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales,
and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
RAILWAYS, AND IN LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER CARRIAGES;" in which said Letters.
Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said George Augustus Kollman,
shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her said
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in
and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large-
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
George Augustus Kollmann, do hereby declare the nature of my said

page_text: Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully]
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference
being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters
marked thereon (that is to say):-
My Invention relates,-
First, to the arrangement of the rails of railways, in combination with the
wheels of railways and locomotive carriages, in such manner as to facilitate
the ascending of inclined planes by locomotive carriages. And,
Secondly, my Invention relates to the mode of constructing locomotive and
other carriages to run on railways and on roads, in order to their being
adapted more advantageously to run in curved directions.
And in order to give the best information in my power, I will proceed to
describe the Drawing hereunto annexed; but I would remark, that this
Invention has for its object to improve the Invention contained in the Specifica-
tion of my former Patent, which was sealed at Westminster, the Twenty-third
day of April, One thousand eight hundred and thirty-six, the object of which
former Invention was a peculiar mode of laying down railways, and con-
structing locomotive carriages to run thereon, in a manner to allow of curves
of much less radius than are now though safe in constructing railways.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 represents the section of the railway constructed according to my
Invention, and the present improvement consists in applying wooden rails of a
series of blocks side by side, with their grain upwards, which are somewhat
higher than the iron rails on which the wheels of the locomotive carriages run
at other or level parts of the railway. These additional rails are side by side
with the iron rails, and are bolted or otherwise fixed in such places as there is
an inclined plane to be ascended; and such extra rails of wood, with the grain
vertical, or nearly so, are applied from the commencement of the inclined
plane to the summit thereof, and the driving wheels of the locomotive carriage
are constructed of two diameters, the larger diameter running on the iron rails
of the railway, and the smaller diameter, when the carriage comes to an
inclined plane, running on the extra wooden rails, and for the time being
carrying the locomotive carriage; and the perephery or surface of the smaller
diameter of each of the wheels is roughed in order that their holding on the
extra wooden rails may be the more effectual; the larger diameter of the
driving wheels during such time as the locomotive carriage is ascending an
inclined plane, need not touch, or only slightly touch, the iron rails. By this
arrangement the power of the engines of a locomotive carriage will be more

page_text: effectively applied when propelling a locomotive carriage up an inclined plane,
and at other times, when on a level, the larger diameter of wheels will be the
surfaces working on the iron rails of the railway.
I will now describe the second part of my Invention. Figure 2 is an
elevation, Figure 3 a plan, and Figure 4 a back view, partly in section, of a.
locomotive carriage constructed according to this part of my Invention. In
these Figures I have not thought it necessary to shew the construction of
boiler and engines, as they form no part of my Invention. The outlines,
however, indicate the position in which they would be placed, and how they
would be carried on springs by the framing, the construction of which, to-
gether with the mode of applying the springs, constitute this part of the
Invention. A, A, and B, B, are two frames, which carry the boiler and
engines. These frames are similar to each other, and consist of the upper and
under frames A, A, B, B, which upper and under frames are respectively tied
together by means of uprights a, a, and b, b, and by screws and nuts, as is
clearly shown in the Drawing, and by this means two stiff frames A and B
are made, which are coupled together, as is hereafter explained. Each of
the frames A, B, have what may be called necks or axes c, c, one at the upper
and the other at the lower part of the framings, and it is by means of these
necks or axes that the frame A, B, are connected by certain other frames,
which I call perch frames, d, d. They consist of the bars d'; and the cross
frames d, the centre of the cross frames d² being made suitably to embrace
the necks or axes c of the frames A, B, it will thus be evident that the
frames d, d, at top and bottom will connect the two frames A, B, by embracing
the necks or axes c, and yet allow the frames A, B, to move freely in respect
to each other, depending on the curvature of the railway or road, for it will be
seen that each of the frames A, B, has suitable wheels e, their axes being
carried by the frames A, B, by which the frames A, B, will be caused to
assume different relative positions, depending on the curvature of the railroad;
and it will be seen by the Drawing that I either use a central guiding rail, or
I cause the wheels E to act against the rails on which the carriage wheels
run, as was described in my former Specification. Thus it will readily be
understood that the frames A, B, act as framed axletrees for the carriages,
rendering it unnecessary for the axletrees of the wheels of the locomotive or
other carriages running from side to side of the carriage, and at the same time
such an arrangement offers great convenience for suspending the carriage on
springs from above. f. f, are the axletrees of the wheels, those for the
driving wheels of locomotive carriages being cranked axletrees, as is well
understood, and the axletrees work in proper bearings at g, which slide in

page_text: guides h, h, carried by the frames A, B; and the connecting rods, which are
affixed to the bearings h, have cross heads at their tops, by which the parts are
attached by proper straps to the springs i, as is clearly shewn in the Drawing,
and the ends of the springs are connected by proper links to the frames A, B.
By this arrangement I am enabled to bring the carriage and machinery very
low, and yet have any size of wheels it may be thought desirable. On examining
the frames A, B, it will be seen that each may be said to be in three com-
partments; the two outer compartments of each are to receive the wheels, and
the carriage or machinery is to be contained within the middle compartment.
The Drawing by the outlines indicate that the carriage shewn is a locomotive
carriage, but it will be evident that the two framings A, B, will be equally
suitablo to receive the body of a passenger or other carriage.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, I would have it under-
stood that I make no claim to any of the parts which may heretofore have
been publicly known and in use, and some of the parts may be varied
without departing from my Invention; but what I claim is,―
First, the mode of applying the extra wooden rail, with the grain upwards,
combined with suitably-formed wheels, for facilitating the ascent of the
locomotive carriage up inclined planes; and,
Secondly, I claim the mode of constructing frames for carrying the loco-
motive machinery, and also for the carrying the bodies of railway and other.
carriages, and the mode of applying springs thereto, as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Augustus Kollman, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of February, One thou-
sand eight hundred and forty.