Improvements in Kilns, Ovens, or Arrangements for Drying Stone and Similar Material.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Feb.,
1899
Complete Specification Left. 25th Oct.. 1899-Accepted, 25th Nov., 1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Kilns, Ovens, or Arrangements for Drying Stone and
Similar Material.
I, JAMES WARD, Managing Director of "The Northern Quarries Company
Limited," Grange-over-Sands, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the
nature of the said invention, to be as follows:-
Lime stone and other stone has for certain purposes been broken up into small
pieces and then dried on a kiln floor.
My invention relates more especially to means for drying the stone by pre-
ference in bulk as it comes from the quarries, say in lumps not exceeding
12 inches in any direction, and delivering the same when dry to be broken up
by machinery and carried by mechanism to automatic screens for sorting the
broken stones to various sizes.
My invention consists of combinations and arrangements having the above
named object namely, a cylindrical kiln by preference with its long axis vertical,
which cylinder is cased round by stone or brick or other suitable material. The
upper part of the cylinder is contracted to form a chimney, which has or may
have valve or damper arrangements at its outlet to regulate the discharge
therefrom.
The upper part of the casing forms a platform and is connected with another
platform for one or more hoists-two by preference. These hoists lift wagons
containing the stone to be treated to the level of the platform, and then they
are moved to a position to be tipped into a shoot or hopper, one on each side of
the vertical chimney.
At the side of the chimney there is a door (one for each hopper) hinged at
its upper edge which will open inwards when the material comes against it
down the shoot or hopper, and then close after it has passed into the upper end
of the kiln by its own weight.
The kiln may be slightly conical, being smallest at its upper end and larger
as it descends, and if desired its sides may be formed by vertical ribs of metal
more or less close together. Below the cylindrical part of the kiln, there is a
rectangular chamber formed by the side walls supporting the casing for the
cylinder or kiln and there are suitable plates to partially close two of its
opposite sides, and at the bottom, there is a metal wagon on suitable wheels
which run on rails. Or in place of a wagon there may be a frame on rollers
or balls. The upper face of this wagon or frame is inclined and stepped and
it is arranged to be moved or oscillated to and fro at a speed to be fixed upon
by suitable gearing actuated by motor power to cause the stone in the kiln
resting upon its surface to be gradually discharged therefrom through an opening
closed by a metal door hinged at its upper edge which tends to keep closed by
its own weight or added weight, so that as the stone or material in the cylinder
or kiln gradually descends, it is completely dried during the time.
The furnace for the kiln is or may be under the rectangular chamber, supplied
by coke fuel by preference, and the products of combustion from the furnace

page_text: pass by flues and enter or may enter the kiln at each angle through a grid which
prevents the stone from passing to and obstructing the flues. The products of
combustion from the furnace thus pass into the kiln and through and between
the spaces or interstices between the lumps of stone in the kiln to the chimney,
the moisture driven off from the stone passing to the chimney along with the
products of combustion from the furnace. The kiln once being heated is easily
kept at the required temperature, the heat being always below that which would
cause the stone to be calcined.
The kiln may be modified in various ways without departing from my inven
tion, for instance the rectangular chamber at the lower end of the cylinder
of the kiln may be made a little larger than the diameter of the kiln, and its
bottom may be an inclined surface at an angle say of 40° to the horizon more
or less, this incline conducting the material to a mouthpiece on one side, the
outlet from which can be opened and closed more or less as required, and a
part of the inclined bottom nearest the outlet or mouthpiece is or may be made
separate and mounted on levers to be oscillated to and fro across the incline,
its surface being ribbed to act upon and loosen the stones so that they will be
readily discharged down the incline to the mouthpiece by gravity as fast as
desired, the speed of discharge being regulated by the said 'door or by the speed
at which the stones are taken away.
Dated this Eighth day of February 1899.
PETER J. LIVSEY,
Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Kilns, Ovens, or Arrangements for Drying Stone and
Similar Material.
I, JAMES WARD, Managing Director of "The Northern Quarries Company
Limited," Grange-over-Sands, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Lime stone and other stone has for certain purposes been broken up into small
pieces and then dried on a kiln floor.
1
My invention relates more especially to means for drying the stone by pre-
ference in bulk as it comes from the quarries, say in lumps not exceeding
12 inches in any direction, and delivering the same when dry to be broken up
by machinery and carried by mechanism to automatic screens for sorting the
broken stones to various sizes.
My invention consists of combinations and arrangements having the above
named object namely, a cylindrical kiln by preference with its long axis vertical,
which cylinder is cased round by stone or brick or other suitable material. The
upper part of the cylinder is contracted to form a chimney, which has or may
have valve or damper arrangements at its outlet to regulate the discharge
therefrom.
The upper part of the casing forms a platform and is connected with another
platform for one or more hoists-two by preference. These hoists lift wagons
containing the stone to be treated to the level of the platform, and then they
are moved to a position to be tipped into a shoot or hopper, one on each side of
the vertical chimney.
At the side of the chimney there is a door (one for each hopper) hinged at
its upper edge which will open inwards when the material comes against it

page_text: down the shoot or hopper, and then close after it has passed into the upper end
of the kiln by its own weight.
The kiln may be slightly conical, being smallest at its upper end and larger
as it descends, and if desired its sides may be formed by vertical ribs of metal
more or less close together. Below the cylindrical part of the kiln, there is a
rectangular chamber formed by the side walls supporting the casing for the
cylinder or kiln and there are suitable plates to partially close two of its
opposite sides, and at the bottom there is a metal wagon on suitable wheels
which run on rails. Or in place of a wagon there may be a frame on rollers
or balls. The upper face of this wagon or frame is inclined and stepped and
it is arranged to be moved or oscillated to and fro at a speed to be fixed upon
by suitable gearing actuated by motor power to cause the stone in the kiln
resting upon its surface to be gradually discharged therefrom through an opening
closed by a metal door hinged at its upper edge which tends to keep closed by
its own weight or added weight, so that as the stone or material in the cylinder
or kiln gradually descends, it is completely dried during the time.
The furnace for the kiln is or may be under the rectangular chamber, supplied
by coke fuel by preference, and the products of combustion from the furnace
pass by flues and enter or may enter the kiln at each angle through a grid which
prevents the stone from passing to and obstructing the flues. The products of
combustion from the furnace thus pass into the kiln and through and between
the spaces or interstices between the lumps of stone in the kiln to the chimney,
the moisture driven off from the stone passing to the chimney along with the
products of combustion from the furnace. The kiln once being heated is easily
kept at the required temperature, the heat being always below that which would
cause the stone to be calcined.
The kiln may be modified in various ways without departing from my inven
tion, for instance, the rectangular chamber at the lower end of the cylinder
of the kiln may be made a little larger than the diameter of the kiln, and its
bottom may be an inclined surface at an angle say of 40° to the horizon more
or less, this incline conducting the material to a mouthpiece on one side, the
outlet from which can be opened and closed more or less as required, and a
part of the inclined bottom nearest the outlet or mouthpiece is or may be made
separate and mounted on levers to be oscillated to and fro across the incline,
its surface being ribbed (the ribs being in a direction with the line of delivery)
to act upon and loosen the stones so that they will be readily discharged down
the incline to the mouthpiece by gravity as fast as desired, the speed of dis-
charge being regulated by the said door or by the speed at which the stones are
taken away.
Fig. 1 is a vertical section through the kiln in a line D-D Fig. 2.
Fig. 2, is a plan section at A-A Fig. 1.
Fig. 3, is a plan section at B-13 Fig. 1, and
Fig. 4, is a plan section at C-C Fig. 1, at the level of the platform at the top
of the kiln.
The kiln is formed by a metal lining a, of cylindrical form by preference, the
upper sections diminishing in diameter from the top to the bottom and being
rivetted together. The lower end of the cylindrical lining rests or may rest
upon cross beams carried or embedded in the walls of stone or other suitable
material built up from the foundation, these walls, casing in the metal cylin-
drical lining.
The ends of these walls or casing form by preference a tower a¹, square on its
exterior in cross section.
Beneath the lower end of the casing a rectangular chamber b, is formed by
metal side plates 6', carried on cross beams, with an opening from one side
to the other, the casing walls over the openings being carried on cross beams a
The upper end of the cylindrical lining, a, is dome shaped and has a rect-
angular outlet a, terminating in a cylindrical pipe which forms the chimney a³,

page_text: which has a cover plate or damper a, at its upper end which can be opened or
closed as required.
The lower rectangular part at, has holes on opposite sides, each of which is
closed by a door a, hinged at its upper edge at , so that each door is free to
swing open when material comes against it and it closes when the material is
passed through by gravity.
There is an hopper a", "connected with each hole with an inclined bottom, into
which hopper the stone from the wagons (one of which (c) is represented in
Fig. 1) can be discharged to pass through the door a, into the kiln.
These doors, prevent the escape of heated air and products of combustion,
except for a moment when the material is passing out of the hoppers into the
kilu.
A platform e', is formed at the level C-C Fig. 1, for the wagons bringing
the stone.
This platform extends over the side of the wall or top of the tower casing of
the kiln on one side, and from it there are or may be suitable vertical guides ³,
which may be of wood extending to the ground level as guides for the ascent
and descent of the cages on to which the wagons are run at the bottom, then
they are run off the cage at the level of the platform and on to rails 4, for the
wagons to run upon, to the point where the wagons are tipped into the hopper.
There is a framework from the platform or upon the upper ends of the guides c²,
formed by cross beams to carry pulleys, over which the ropes work for actuating
the two hoisting and lowering cages.
The cages, attached to ropes, may be actuated separately or in connection
by any suitable driving and hoisting gearing so that when one cage ascends, the
other descends, so that the empty cages and wagons are balanced, this brings a
wagon of material alternately one to the hopper on one side and the other to
that on the other side.
The rails, shown, are grooved or channelled rails, but any other rails to
suit the wheels of the wagons may be used. The furnace d, for producing the
required heat may be under the kiln, but by preference it is on one side of it,
and the flue from the furnace on one side may pass horizontally across the lower
part of the tower of the kiln and then branch to a vertical flue d', on each side,
each vertical flue branching to a horizontal flue terminating at each corner,
as in Fig. 3, there being openings from each of the four corners into the
rectangular chamber 6, which openings in this chamber are covered by grids d³,
to prevent stone from getting into the flues.
From this point the heated air and products of combustion distribute them-
selves over the entire lower cross sectional area of the kiln and ascend through
the interstices between the stones and pass out along with the moisture driven
off from the material up the chimney a
The fuel used in the furnace is coke by preference.
Below the rectangular chamber b, there is a wagon or bogie e, on wheels which
run on rails e', on the floor of the chamber below the rectangular continuation b,
from the cylindrical metal lining a.
This wagon e, is made with a stepped inclined surface e², as shown, and when
in position it closes the lower end of the rectangular chamber and the stone
rests upon it.
This wagon receives a slow horizontal to and fro movement (about 7 double
movements per minute) on the rails, to an extent of from say three to seven
inches as arranged, and this movement discharges the stone from the kiln
through a door e³, hinged at its upper edge. This door is or may be made in
two halves hinged together horizontally in the middle, the upper part is heavier
than the lower part and will be held shut mostly by gravity, and the lower
hinged part of it will open to allow the stone to be discharged and fall onto a
floor f level with the upper edge of an hopper of any well known stone
crusher g, into which the stones are fed by hand from the floor or platform f.

page_text: The bogie or wagon e, receives the reciprocations through a connecting rod e,
jointed to an arme, on a shaft e, in any suitable bearings, this shaft e, being
oscillated by a rod jointed to an arm upon it and to the crank pin of a crank
arm upon a rotary shaft driven by gearing and a belt working on fast and
loose pulleys.
But the driving gearing and arrangements may be varied if desired.
The bogie or wagon e, as shown in Fig. 1, discharges only on one side, but it
may be made according to my invention to discharge on both sides.
In this case its upper surface is made of the same stepped inclination shown
on one side to about its middle and from this the incline is reversed and descends
in the opposite direction.
The bogie in this case receives or may receive reciprocations from a hori-
zontal shaft in suitable bearings across and under the middle of the bogie when
in its middle position of oscillation, the shaft being below the level of the rail-
way for the bogie and one or two upward arms from the shaft pass through holes
in the floor giving space for them to work the end or ends of the said arms
being connected by rods to the bogie.
This arrangement for actuation is or may be used, or any other suitable arrange-
ment giving a free passage for the stone to be discharged on both sides.
When there is a discharge on both sides, there is a crusher (g) also on cach
side convenient to the discharge outlet from the kiln.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. The use of a vertical kiln into which the stone is fed through one or more
hoppers at its upper end and descends to its lower end where it is discharged
meeting in its descent the products of combustion from a furnace, substantially
as and for the purpose hereinbefore described and illustrated by the drawings.
2. The combination and arrangement of a kiln substantially as and for the
purpose hereinbefore described and illustrated by the drawings.
3. The combination of a kiln having a hogie or wagon at its lower end actuated
by suitable gearing and a motor for discharging the stone or material being
treated in the kiln uniformly and at the desired speed, substantially as and for
the purpose hereinbefore described and illustrated by the drawings, and also
when an arrangement of bogie or wagon is used as hereinbefore described for
discharging the stone or material from the kiln on opposite sides alternately.
4. The combination and arrangement of kiln with one or more hoists for lifting
loaded wagons of material to a platform from which they are emptied through
one or more hoppers having automatically closing doors substantially as and
for the purpose hereinbefore described and illustrated by the drawings."
5. The combination of a kiln with hoists, wagons and hoppers for charging it
and with a furnace for heating and with arrangements for discharging the stone
or material being treated from the kiln substantially as and for the purpose
hereinbefore described and illustrated by the drawings.
6. The combination and arrangement substantially as and for the purpose
hereinbefore described and illustrated by the drawings.
Dated this Twenty-fourth day of October 1899.
PETER J. LIVSEY,
Agent.