Improvements in Pneumatic Motor Apparatus for Actuating and Controlling Purposes.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Oct., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 17th July, 1896-Accepted, 29th Aug., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pneumatic Motor Apparatus for Actuating and
Controlling Purposes.
We ERNEST CLUSE HAINES, of Hygeia House, Staines, Merchant and FRANK
BRACEBRIDGE MILLS, Engineer, of 60 Hatton Garden, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention for improvements in pneumatic motor apparatus for actuating
and controlling purposes has for its object to provide a pneumatic motor, for
controlling mechanisms such as railway brakes, station indicators, gas supply
apparatus, signalling apparatus, and the like, that shall move in the same direction
whether it is subjected to a pressure or a vacuum so that a vehicle fitted with the
motor can be transferred from a vacuum system to a pressure system without
inconvenience, and consists in a vacuum piston working in a cylinder, a pressure
piston working in the same or another cylinder, a single pipe communicating with
the cylinder or cylinders, a means for preventing the vacuum actuating the pressure
piston a means for preventing the pressure actuating the vacuum piston, and a
means for connecting the pistons to the part to be operated so that the one actuated
is fiee to operate the said part. It will readily bo understood that instead of two
pistons in a cylinder two flexible diaphragms working in a closed compartment or
compartments or the two faces of a single piston or diaphragm or two collapsible
bags may be employed.
In one way of carrying this invention into practical effect two diaphragms are
mounted in a compartment so that they are free to move in one, say the downward,
direction and when moved in that dnection operate a piston rod but the piston rod
is free to slide downward through the diaphragms. If a piessure 18 admitted
between the two diaphragms it acts on the lower one to force it downward with the
piston rod which slides through the upper diaphragm. If the space between the
two diaphragms is subjected to a vacuum the upper diaphragm is drawn down and
draws down the piston rod which slides through the lower diaphragm.
In a modification the lower diaphragmn is larger than the upper and is connected
to the upper diaphragm by a chain the upper diaphragm being fixed to the piston
rod. In this case on admitting pressuie between the diaphragms the larger
diaphragm draws the upper diaphagm down but the upper diaphragm is free to
be operated by the vacuum without affecting the lower.
In a fnither modification, the pressure is admitted to one side of a diaphragm
and the vacuum to the other through a valve or valves actuated automatically or
by hand.
The same results can be attained by admitting the pressure or vacuum on the
outer sides of the diaphragms or pistous.
Dated this 17th day of October 1895.
WHEATLEY & MACKENZIE,
40 Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agents.

page_text: Improvements in Pneumatic Motor Apparatus for Actuating and
Controlling Purposes.
We, ERNEST CLUSE HAINES, of Hygeia House, Staines, Morchant, and FRANK
BRACEBRIDGE MILLS, Engineer, of 60 Hatton Garden, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly descubed and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention for improvements in pneumatic motor apparatus, has for its
object to provide a pneuniatie motor for controlling mechanisms such as railway
brakes station indicators, gas supply apparatus, signalling apparatus and the like,
that shall be operated in the same manner whether it is subjected to a pressure or
a vacuum so that a vehicle fitted with the motor can be transferred from a vacuum
system to a pressure system without inconvenience, and consists in a vacuum
apparatus adapted to be operated by a vacuum and to be returned to its normal
position when the vacuum is removed, a pressure apparatus adapted to be operated
by a pressure and returned to its normal position when the pressure is removed, a
single pipe communicating with the vacuum and pressure apparatus, a sliding rod
or operated part, and a means for connecting the sliding iod or operated part to
the vacuum and pressure apparatus so that it is operated by either. It will be
readily understood that the vacuum and pressure apparatus may be two pistons
working a cylinder or cylinders, two flexible diaphragms working in a closed
compartment of compartments, or the two faces of a single piston or diaphragın,
or two collapsable bags may be employed.
In the accompanying sheet of illustiative drawings:
Fig. 1 is a vertical section of a diaphragm single stroke motor constructed
according to this invention, and Fig 2 18 à side elevation of the same
Fig 3 is a vertical section of a differential piston single stroke noto constructed
according to this invention, the pressure piston being larger than the vacuum
piston and drawing it down when operated.
Fig. 4 is a vertical section of a single stroke motor suitable more especially for
heavier work such as applying railway brakes.
Two diaphragms paie mounted in a closed compartment a so that they are
free to move in the downward direction and are normally forced upward against
their stops by a spring b. A sliding rod e passes through the diaphragms and is
provided with two shoulders forced to bear against the underside of the diaphragms
by the sping. The 1od is thus free to slide downward through the diaphragms
but neither diaphragm can be forced downward without also forcing the rod
downwards. A pipe d communicates with the space between the two diaphragms.
If a pressure is admitted to the pipe d and thus between the two diaphragms, it
acts on the pressure diaphragm "p to force it downward with the sliding toda
which slides through the upper or vacuum diaphragm v. It the space between
the two diaphragms is subjected to a vacuum the vacuum diaphragm v is drawn
down and forces down the sliding rod which slides through the pressure diaphragm p.
It will be seen that the vacuum diaphragm is unaffected by the pressuro and the
pressure diaphragm is unaffected by the vacuum.
In the construction shown, the diaphragms pv are secured to the ends of a
flexible sleeve e of rubber having its edges clamped between the parts of the
compartment a so that a perfectly air tight chamber is formed between the
diaphragms without the aid of stuffing boxes or the like. The sleeve may be
replaced by stuffing boxes one in each diaphragm.
In the modihcation shown in Fig. 3, the pressure piston p is larger than the
vacuum piston vand is connected to the upper sliding rod by a chain f the

page_text: piston being fixed to the sliding rod. In this case on admitting pressure
between the pistons the large or pressure piston p draws the smaller or vacuum
piston v down but the smaller piston is free to be operated by the vacuum without
affecting the pressure piston.
As shown the vacuum piston slides in a sleeve g in the compartment and the
vacuum and pressure pistous and p are of the trunk type and are packed by
menus of the rings h. The vacuum or pressure is admitted between the pistous by
the ports 2
In a modification the pistons are replaced by diaphragms, the vacuum diaphragm
being attached to the sliding rod duectly and the pressure diaphragm being
attached by a supplementary rod free to pass upwardly with respect to the sliding
rod but operating the sliding iod when the pressure diaphragm is forced down and
drawing down the smaller vacuum diaphragin.
In the modification shown in Fig. 4 the vacuum piston and pressure piston p
work in the same cylinder and the pressure or vacuum is admitted to the space
between them. The vacuum piston v is connected to the sliding rod by means
of the piston rod / cross head m, guide rods n and cross head o
The spings
sounding the guide rods n force the cross head o downwards The piston iod p'
of the pressure piston simply bears against the cross head o. The piston rod lis
prevented from being drawn into the cylinder by the collai r
It will readily be understood that the pressure and vacuum appuzatus may be
entirely distinct from one another without departing trom the nature of this
invention and also with slight modifications the vacuum and pressure may be
admitted to the outer sides of the pistons of diaphragms or collapsable bags instead
of between on inside them
It is also evident that a single cylinder and piston or diaphragm may be employed,
the pressure being admitted tone side of the piston or diaphragm, and the
vacuum to the other through a valve oi valves actuated by hand, it only being
necessary to operate the valve when the apparatus is transfered from a vacuum
to a pressure system or vice-versa, but such aangements are very liable to lead.
to mistakes though neglect to operate the valves on through operating the valve
twice over when transferring and from accidentally operating the valves.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven--
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1
clann is:
1. A single stroke motor adapted to be operated in the same manner whether
subjected to a pressure on to a vacuum and to be returned to its normal position.
when the said pressure or vacuum is removed.
2. A single stroke motor consisting of a vacuum apparatus adapted to be operated
by a vacuum and to be returned to its normal position when the vacuum is
removed, a pressure apparatus adapted to be operated by a pressure and returned
to its normal position when the pressure is removed, a single pipe communicating
with the vacuum and pressure apparatus, a sliding rod o operated part and a
means for connecting the sliding rod or operated part to the vacuum and pressure
apparatus so that it is operated by either."
3. The improvements in single stroke motors substantially as described with.
reference to the diawing.
Dated the 17th day of Il 1906
WHEATLEY & MACKENZIE,
40 Chancery Lane, London, W.C, Agents.