Improvements in and relating to Cushioned Seats, or Resilient Pads for Seats, and other purposes.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Aur., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 12th Feb., 1395-Accepted, 16th Mar., 1895
YIDIONAL DI MUITIGATION.
Improvements in and relating to Cushioned Seats, or Resilient
Pads for Seats, and other purposes.
We, PERCY ALBERT CRAVEN of 9 King's Road, Wimbledon, in the County of
Surrey, Gentleman, and HERBERT EDWARD SMITH, of 29 Finsbury Pavement,
London E.C. Cycle Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to improvements in the construction of the saddles or seats
of bicycles, tricycles and other manumotive machines, and the seats and other
cushioned parts of chairs, sofas, couches, stools, and other upholstered domestic
furniture, and railway, tramway and other carriages, and in the construction of
resilient pads or cushions capable of being attached to such articles, or for the use
of invalids."
Our invention consists, mainly, of the employment of rubber, rubber composi-
tion or other elastic material, in solid, partly solid or tubular form, with or without
a flange or flanges formed thereon or therewith, or connected thereto, and with or
without an outer casing or covering of canvas or other woven fabric or material,
and when in tubular form with or without being provided with suitable means for
inflating or partly inflating the same.
In the construction of the seats and other resilient parts of chairs, couches,
stools, railway, tramway and road carriages and the like, our invention is designed
with the object of superseding the use of, and as a substitute for metallic springs,
and we carry our invention into effect by the employment of short lengths of such
tubing, block ended or otherwise, and of various diameters or varying diameter in
cross section, in order to provide for the necessary and usual formation of such
seats or other parts, and these we may arrange longitudinally, transversally or
diagonally, and fasten them in the desired positions by the means of stitching or the
like passing through the flanges of said tubes, when such are e provided; or by the
means of suitable cement. Or in lieu of said short lengths of tube, we may
employ one continuous length of such tubing, with or without being encased in
canvas or other woven fabric or material, and arranged in circular or other shaped
convolutions, which may or may not be provided with suitable means for inflating
and deflating the whole or any portion thereof. Or in lieu of said tubes or tubing
we may employ short lengths or one continuous length of such elastic material, of
circular or other form in cross section, and either solid throughout, or provided with
internal cells, chambers or cavities.
In the construction of the saddles or seats of velocipedes, we may employ short
lengths of tubing, with or without being encased with woven fabric, any or all of
which may be provided with suitable means for inflation and deflation, in order
that the rider may inflate some and not others, for the purpose of giving to the
saddle the formation most convenient, or we may employ a continuous length of
tubing, encased with fabric or otherwise, and arranged in suitably shaped convolu-
tions around, or in such a manner as to form, the usual central opening or its
equivalent, and with or without being provided with means for inflating and deflating
the whole or any portion of said tubing, or we may employ the cellular elastic
material previously mentioned in lieu of the said tubes or tubing, but whichever of
these means we may employ in the construction of the resilient portion of the seat,
we prefer to enclose the whole within a leather, rubber or other suitable casing, and
connected to, or provided with means for being connected to the tree of the saddle.

page_text: In the construction of pads capable of being connected to and fastened upon the
existing saddles or seats of such or like machines, we may employ short lengths or
one continuous length of such tubing, with or without means for inflating and
deflating, or a length or lengths of the said cellular elastic material, similarly or
otherwise disposed, and enclosed between two surfaces of rubber, rubber composition,
leather or waterproof canvas or other woven fabric or other material, which may
be solutioned or otherwise cemented and connected to said tube or tubes or cellular
material, and the tubes or convolutions of the tube, or the length or lengths of
cellular material with each other, or rows of stitching may be employed passing
through both of said surfaces, and between the tubes or convolutions of the tube
or the length or lengths of cellular material.
We may employ the same or a similar arrangement of the short or continuous,
lengths or length of tubing or cellular material in the construction of pads for the
seats and other upholstered parts of chairs, sofas, couches, stools, carts, railway
and other carriages, or for the use of invalids.
As an alternative method of constructing any or all of the said seats or pads, we
may employ two surfaces of rubber, rubber composition or other elastic material,
corrugated or fluted upon either or both sides, and these we may cement or
otherwise fasten together face to face, in such a manner, that the corrugations or
flutings may collectively form channels, cells or passages, which may or may not be
provided with suitable means for inflating and deflating the whole or any part
thereof, and we may interpose between the said surfaces a layer or partition or
partitions of canvas or other material and cement or otherwise connect both of sail
surfaces thereto.
We wish it understood that we may construct the said seats and other parts or
the pads therefor, by the employment of any desired combination of the materials
named, or any combination of the herein provided methods and means of using
the game.
Dated thie 19th dow of Annil 1004
GEO. THOS. HYDE,
1, Broad Street Buildings, Liverpool Street, London, E.C.,
Agent for the Applicants.
Improvements in and relating to Cushioned Seats, or Resilient
Pads for Seats, and other purposes.
We, PERCY ALBERT CRAVEN of 9 King's Road, Wimbledon, in the County of
Surrey, Gentleman, and HERBERT EDWARD SMITH of 29 Finsbury Pavement.
London E.C., Cycle Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :—
Our invention relates to improvements in the construction of the saddles or seats
of bicycles, tricycles, and other mauumotive machines, and the seats and other
cushioned parts of chairs, sofas, couches, stools, and other upholstered domestic
furniture, and railway tramway and other carriages, and in the construction of
resilient pads or cushions, capalable of being attached to such articles, or for the
use of invalids.
Our invention consists mainly of the employment of rubber, rubber composition,
or other elastic material, in solid, partly solid or tubular form, with or without a
flange or flanges formed thereon or therewith, or connected thereto, and with or
without an outer casing or covering of canvas or other woven fabric or material,
and when in tubular form, with or without being provided with suitable means for
inflating or partly inflating the same.
In the construction of the seats and other resilient parts of chairs, couches,

page_text: stools, railway, tramway and road carriages and the like, our invention is designed
with the object of superseding the use of, and as a substitute for metallic springs.
In order that our invention and the manuer of constructing and using the same
may be fully understood we have hereunto appended a sheet of drawings, in which,
Fig. 1 is a section and plan of a resilient stuffing or surface produced by the
employment of flanged tubing.
Fig. 2 is a similar view when unflanged tubing is employed.
Figs. 3 and 4 are sections illustrating the manner of using inverted elastic
channels or semi-tubing.
Fig. 6 is a plan view, partly in section, illustrating the manner in which we may
manufacture a resilient or cushion material in fabric form, of indefinite length and
width, from which pieces or lengths of any size or shape may be cut for use in
various ways, as hereinafter explained.
Fig. 7 is a section of elastic material in which passages or cells are formed to
facilitate resiliency.
Fig. 8 are sections of fluted elastic corrugated or channelled material which may
be solutioned or otherwise cemented together to produce an equivalent of Fig. 7.
Fig. 9 is a section illustrating a method of constructing pads or cushions,
composed of tubing as a base, surmounted by a hollow chamber suitable for
inflation.
Fig. 10 illustrates the use of short lengths of tubing placed endwise upon a
suitable base, in the construction of resilient surfaces.
Fig. 11 is a plan view partly in section illustrating one of many ways in which a
continuous length of tubing may be arranged, in one or several convolutions, in the
construction of the seats of cycles, with or without inflation.
Fig. 12 is a plan view of a like cycle seat the resilient filling of which is
provided from a cutting from a material such as or similar to Fig. 6.
Referring to Fig. 1, we carry our invention into effect by the employment of
tubing A, constructed of rubber or rubber composition or other resilient material,
to which is attached or formed therewith a flange B, which we connect by stitching,
solution or other suitable means to a preferably Hat base C, which may be of
canvas cloth or other suitable fabric or material, resilient or otherwise. The said
tubing A may be in short lengths, blocked, or open at the ends, and all of the same
or varying diameters in cross section according to the shape or general contour of
the pad, cushion or the like, we intend to construct therefrom, or use in the stuffing
of the arms, seats, or other parts of a chair, couch or other article of furniture,
tram, rail, or carriage seat or the like, in lieu of the metallic springs, hitherto
employed for that purpose, and which may be arranged longitudinally, transversally
or diagonally with such seat or other surface, and parallel with each other or
otherwise. Or the tubing A may be used in short lengths as at Fig. 12, or in one
continuous length as at Fig. 11, the latter being arranged in one or several
convolutions, in the construction of, or as a resilient filling for cycle seats, or pads
therefor, and arranged to be capable of inflation by air or gas under pressure if
desired.
In Fig. 2 we illustrate the employment of flangeless tubing A, circular or
otherwise in cross section, which we employ for any or all of the purposes stated.
According to this method the tube or tubes A are placed upon a flat surface of
canvas, rubber, leather, or other suitable and preferably flexible material C, with
or without being solutioned thereto, and covered by a like or other material D,
stitched, solutioned or otherwise fastened to C between the tube or tubes A. Or
we may arrange that the materials C and D nay be joined as stated so that their
junction occurs midway of the diameter of the tube or tubes A as at Fig. 4.
In Fig. 5 we illustrate the employment of semi tubing or channelling A, inverted
and solutioned or otherwise connected to a flat surface of any suitable but,
preferably flexible material C, and covered by a like or other flexible material D,
stitched, solutioned or otherwise connected to C between each length of semi-tubing
or convolutions of semi tubing A', similar to Fig. 2.

page_text: In either of these methods of construction the tube or tubing A, or semi-
tubing A, may be arranged in any form according to their intended uses, and
rendered capable of inflation or otherwise. .Or a material of indefinite length and
width may be constructed therefrom, as at Fig. 6, from which may be cut portions
of any size or shape suitable for the purposes. required. In Fig. 12. we illustrate
a cycle sent the resilient stuffing of which is provided from such material as Fig. 6
in one or more layers, and it is obvious that in either of the foregoing methods the
material A or A¹ may be in one piece, or continuous lengths, arranged in suitable
convolutions so as to form the resilient stuffing of a cycle seat as at Fig. 11, and be
capable of inflation and deflation, and we may also arrange that any or all of the
lengths of tubing in Fig. 12 may be capable of inflation and deflation, so that
the rider may inflate some and not others and thus give to the seat the formation
required.
In Fig. 3 we illustrate another method of construction more particularly
adaptable as a resilient surface for tramcar, omnibus, garden and other seats.
According to this method we may employ solid material, or hollow tubing A, or
semi tubing A', in suitable lengths, placed parallel with each other upon a stout
but preferably flexible material E, with or without being solutioned or otherwise
connected thereto, and covered with leather, canvas, American cloth or other
waterproof material F, which may be fastened in position by the means of wood,
vulcanite, metal or other laths G, placed between each length of A, and connected
to E by screws, rivets, or their equivalents H, which may also form the means for
connecting E to the said seat, with the portions A placed longitudinally therewith,
so that the surface E may conform to the shape of the said seat. The material F
may be again covered with leather or other suitable material if desired.
In Fig. 9 we illustrate the construction of a seat, cushion, or pad, in which
flangeless or other tubing A, or semi tubing A' may be employed, connected
together in either of the manners stated, and mounted upon a suitable base such
as C or E, and surmounted by a rubber or other hollow chamber K, provided with
a suitable valve for the inflation thereof, and if necessary, the tubes A, the whole
being enclosed by a covering of suitable material J.
By
In Fig. 10 we illustrate the employment of solid or tubular rubber, rubber
composition or other resilient material L, cut in pieces of varying lengths, and
placed end wise upon a base of suitable material M, solutioned or otherwise
connected thereto, and covered with rubber, leather, cloth or other fabric N.
a suitable arrangement of the lengths of the pieces L a cushion or pad may be
constructed of almost any shape or contour in cross section, adaptable as a spring
stuffing for the arms or seats of furniture, carriages, railway or tram seats, or
in the construction of, or as a stuffing for, cycle seats and the like.
Or in lieu of the said tubes or tubing we may employ short lengths, or one
continuous length of such elastic material, of any desired form in cross section, and
provided with internal cells, chambers or cavities; such a material is shewn in
section at Fig. 7. Or for convenience of manufacture we may employ two
surfaces and P, each provided with corrugations or fluting R, which we may
solution or otherwise connect to each other in the manner suggested by Fig. 8, with
or without having interposed between them a canvas or other partition S, (shewn
by a dotted line). This or these materials when employed may be provided with
suitable means for inflation and deflation if desired.
We wish it understood that we may construct the said seats and other parts, or
pads therefor, or pads or cushions for the use of invalids, by the employment of
any desired. combination of the materials named, or any combination of the methods
and arrangements herein provided, and the means for fixing and using the same.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
1st. The employment of rubber, rubber composition or other elastic material, in

page_text: solid, cellular, fluted or tubular or semi tubular form, in suitable lengths, block
euded or otherwise, placed parallel or diagonally with each other or both, or on
end, or in suitable convolutions fixed upon, or enclosed and retained between
surfaces of rubber, rubber composition, leather, canvas or other materials by
stitching, solution or other suitable means, in the construction of cushions, pads and
the like, and as an elastic stuffing for upholstering purposes in lieu of springs as
hitherto, and in the construction of seats for bicycles tricycles and the like, with or
without the accompaniment of means for inflating the whole or any portion thereof,
substantially as herein described and shewn by the accompanying drawings.
2nd. In the construction of a resilient material of indefinite length and width,
adaptable for cushioning purposes, the employment of rubber rubber composition
or other elastic tubing A with flanges B, solutioned stitched or otherwise fixed
upon a flexible or other surface C, substantially as described and shewn by Fig. 1
of the accompanying drawings.
3rd. In the construction of a resilient material of indefinite length and width
adaptable for cushioning purposes, the employment of rubber, rubber composition
or other elastic tubular, semi tubular or solid material A or A', solutioned stitched
or otherwise enclosed between two flexible surfaces such as C and D, substantially
as herein described and shewn by Figs. 2, 4, 5 and 6 of the accompanying
drawings.
4th. In the construction of a resilient material adaptable for use as a cushioned
surface for the seats of tramcars, omnibuses, garden seats and the like, the
employment of suitable lengths of rubber, rubber composition or other elastic
tubular, semi tubular or solid material A, placed parallel upon a flexible surface E
and covered by any suitable fabric F, fixed to E by the means of laths G placed
between the lengths A and screwed or otherwise connected to E, substantially as
herein described and shewn by Fig. 3 of the accompanying drawings.
5th. In the construction of resilient pads or cushions for upholstery, and other
purposes, the employment of short lengths of rubber, rubber composition or other
elastic tubular or solid material L, of varying lengths, placed endwise upon, and
cemented to, a flat and preferably flexible surface M, and covered by a suitable
fabric such as N substantially as herein described and shewn by Fig. 10 of the
accompanying drawings.
6th. In the construction of resilient pads or cushions for upholstery and other
purposes, the employment of short lengths, or one continuous length, of rubber,
rubber composition or other elastic tubular, semi tubular, or solid material A,
mounted upon a suitable base such as C or E, and surmounted by a chamber of like
material K, the whole enclosed by a covering of suitable material J substantially
as described, and shewn by Fig. 9 of the drawings.
7th. In the construction of seats, or stuffing or padding for the seats of bicycles,
tricycles or the like, the employment of rubber, rubber composition or other
resilient material, in solid, tubular, or semi-tubular form, or any desired combination
thereof, in suitable lengths, placed parallel with each other as at Fig. 12, with or
without means for inflating or deflating the whole or any portion thereof, or in one
or more continuous lengths, in one or any number of convolutions as at Fig. 11,
with or without means for inflation and deflation, enclosed between or covered by
any suitable fabric or material resilient or otherwise, substantially as herein
described and shewn.
Dated this 12th day of February 1895.
GEO. THOS. HYDE,
1, Broad Street Buildings, Liverpool Street, London, E.C.,
Agent for the Applicants.