Improvements in Elastic Tyres.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 16th July, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 16th May, 1895-Accepted, 22nd June, 1895
Improvements in Elastic Tyres.
I, CHARLES KINGSTON WELCH, of The Hollies, Eaton Road, Coventry, in the
County of Warwick, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
e as follows:-
My invention relates to elastic tyres and has for its object to provide an improved
jacket or cover for such tyres.
According to my said invention I weave or otherwise manufacture a jacket of
canvas, silk or the like which is composed of one, two or more layers. The layer
or cach said layer if there be more than one, has longitudinal or circumferential
threads and transverse threads which are at an angle with the said longitudinal
When I use two or more layers
threads and not perpendicular to said threads.
1 preferably arrange that the transverse threads of one layer shall be at angle
with the transverse threads of one or more of the other layers of the jacket.
In carrying out my invention I may cut an endless band from a woven tube of
approximately the same diameter as the wheel in which case the weft forms the
longitudinal or circumferential threads, the warp forming the transverse threads.
The tube may be woven in such a manner that the warp threads are at an angle
with and not perpendicular to the weft but I prefer to weave the tube in the usual
nanner and after the band is cut therefrom to pull the edges of said band or other-
wise manipulate the same so that the transverse threads of the band make a suitable
angle with the longitudinal threads.
Such a hand may be made into a tubular or an arched tyre jacket in any suitable
manner.
In making an arched jacket I may proceed in many ways, for example, I may turn
over the edges of the band so that they meet in the centre line thereof or I may
arrange that they overlap at the centre so that the middle portion of the band
which ultimately forms the tread of the tyre is composed of three thicknesses of
fabric. The edges may or may not be further secured by stitches. In a modification
of this method I double the band along its middle line so that the two edges of
the band meet at one edge of the jacket.
When I wish to use such a jacket with cores in its edges I may either insert
such cores in the fold or folds at the time of folding or otherwise secure said cores
in position either before or after the band is folded. I very often secure to the.
band either in the fold or folds or at any part of the same a length of small
tubing made of woven canvas or the like into which tubing the cores can be very
readily slipped.
I may use such small tubing for covering the cores in any description of tyre
jacket and I do not restrict myself to the use of such core tubes with the particular
jackets herein described.
The fabric or band hereinabove described is more especially adapted for use in
preumatic tyres it may however be used to enclose the elastic or resilient material
in any description of tyre.
Said band may as hereinabove described be made without seam being cut
from an endless woven tube or I may make it from a woven strip of canvas or
the like in which case the warps forms the longitudinal threads the weft forming
the transverse threads.
In this case I may form the strip with pockets in its edges for holding wire or
other inextensible cores if desired.

page_text: I sometimes arrange that the strip shall be so woven that the weft is at
angle with the warp and not perpendicular thereto in this case the sley of the
loom will be placed diagonally across the loom and not perpendicular to the
warps.
I may of course weave a strip of fabric in the ordinary manner and, after it has
been removed from the loom, displace the threads so that the weft makes any
desired angle with the warp.
I may make a jacket of two or more bands secured together by any suitable means
instead of using a single band.
The warp and weft threads of my improved jacket may be of the same thickness
or one set of threads may be thinner than the other if desired. Either set of threads
may vary in thickness if desired.
The. warp and weft threads may be arranged in any way suitable for my purpose
in the weaving process.
Dated this 16th does of Lal 1904
Pas yres.
I, CHARLES KINGSTON WELCH, of The Hollies, Eaton Road, Coventry, in the
County of Warwick, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to pneumatic and other elastic tyres for the wheels of
road-vehicles and has for its object to provide an improved jacket or cover for such
tyres which jacket or cover shall be very resilient and yet free from lateral roll on
the rim, thereby avoiding the objectionable features of pneumatic tyres made up of
ordinary straight woven fabrics, and the said invention is an improvement on my
invention described in the Specifications of Letters Patent No. 22589 A.D. 1893
and No. 4351 A.D. 1894.
According to my said invention I weave or otherwise manufacture a jacket which
is composed of one, two or more layers of canvas, silk or other woven fabric. The
fabric or each layer thereof, if there be more than one, is composed of longitudinal
or circumferential threads and of transverse threads which cross the longitudinal
threads at an angle which is not a right angle. When I use two or more layers
of fabric I preferably arrange that the transverse threads of one layer shall be at
angle with the transverse threads of one or more of the other layers.
In carrying out my invention according to one method I cut an endless band
from a woven tube of approximately the same diameter as the wheel to which the
tyre is to be applied, and I then displace the edges of said band or twist the band
so that the transverse threads thereof are caused to make a suitable angle with the
longitudinal threads; I then apply rubber solution to the fabric to retain the
threads in this position, after which the band may be made into a tubular or an
arched tyre jacket in any suitable manner.
According to another method I make the jacket or cover from suitable woven
strips of straight fabric the threads of which are displaced to the desired angle
and then fixed as above described with reference to endless bands. It is obvious
that the ends of the strip or strips must be joined to make the jacket or cover.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1 represents a portion of an endless woven band or of a strip of canvas the
transverse threads of which cross the longitudinal threads at an angle which is not
a right angle.

page_text: Figure 2 indicates a portion of a jacket or inexpansible lining constructed by
folding such a piece of fabric as that shewn in Figure 1 along its median line.
Figure 3 indicates a portion of a jacket or inexpansible lining constructed by
folding such a strip as that shewn in Figure 1 in another manner hereinafter
explained.
The straight transverse threads a a are seen to be inclined to or at an angle
with the longitudinal threads b b. Such a disposition of the transverse threads is
very readily obtained as before stated by displacing the edges of the band or strip
relatively to each other. In making my improved arched jacket from a band or
strip of this description I sometimes fold the said band or strip near its median line
thereby producing a fabric similar to that shewn in Figure 2 the edges of which
slightly overlap each other and are united by sewing, in other instances I fold over
each edge of the strip in the manner shewn in Figure 3. Both of these figures
shew series of threads in three directions namely, one series of threads longitudinal
and two series of threads making an angle with the longitudinal threads and with
each other. The above methods of folding the fabric are given merely as examples.
in a
It is obvious that the fabric prepared as above described may be made
up
variety of other ways to form the inextensible jackets or covers of pneumatic and
other tyres. I sometimes produce a jacket or cover as follows, that is to say,
I employ two narrow bands or strips of fabric of a character similar to that shewn
in Figure 1 and superpose one of said bands or strips on the other and by solution
or otherwise secure them together in such a manner that the transverse threads of
one strip cross the transverse threads of the other strip. When I desire to make a
very light tyre I sometimes use a single strip such as that shewn in Figure 1 instead
of employing two or more layers as herein before described. The fabric then
consists of two series of threads only, one of said series being longitudinal and the
other diagonal and transverse.
When I wish to use my improved fabric for a lining of a cover which is to be
secured to the rim by means of endless inextensible cores in a well known manner,
I may secure the cores to the lining by inserting them in the fold or folds of the
fabric at the time of folding or by placing them in pockets woven or otherwise
I sometimes encase the cores in
formed in or attached to the edges of the fabric.
small tubes made of woven fabric or the like into which tubes the cores can be very
readily passed. I may use such small tubes for enclosing the cores in any
description of tyre jacket and I do not restrict myself to the use of such core tubes
with the particular jackets herein described.
The fabric or band hereinabove described is more especially adapted for use in
pneumatic tyres; it may however be used to enclose the elastic or resilient material
in any description of elastic tyre.
My improved fabric may be used to form a tubular jacket for the air-tube of
a pneumatic tyre by joining the edges of the band in any suitable manner, or it may
be used as an insertion in what are commonly known as single tube tyres.
The warp and weft threads of my improved fabric may be of the same thickness
or strength throughout or one set of threads may be thinner than the other and
either set may vary in thickness if desired. The longitudinal threads may be wider
apart than the transverse threads.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and, in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In the construction of a jacket, lining tube or cover for tyres of wheeled
vehicles, the use of a woven fabric having longitudinal and transverse threads, the
transverse threads being arranged so as to cross the longitudinal threads in one
direction only at an angle other than a right angle as, and for the purpose,
specified.
2. In a pneumatic or other elastic tyre a jacket or cover consisting of one, two
or more layers of the woven fabric claimed above with or without inextensible

page_text: cores contained in the sides or edges of the jacket for holding the tyre to the
rim substantially as described and for the purpose specified.
3. For a pucumatic or other elastic tyre, a tubular or an arched or divided
tubular jacket or cover made from an endless band or a straight strip of woven
fabric the warp threads of which are inclined to the weft threads in one direction
at an angle other than a right angle and folded into two or more layers or folds so
that the transverse threads of each layer or fold cross those of the adjacent layer
or folds, with or without endless or inextensible cores in the sides or edges of the
jacket for holding the tyre to the rim, substantially as described.
Dated this 16th day of May 1895.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.