IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF CAOUTCHOUC AND THE EMPLOYMENT OF A PRODUCT OBTAINED THEREBY FOR LUBRICATING AND COATING BODIES
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet Street,
in the City of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE TREATMENT OF CAOUTCHOUC AND THE EMPLOYMENT OF A PRODUCT
OBTAINED THEREBY FOR LUBRICATING AND COATING BODIES."-"A communi-
cation from abroad by J. D. Duhousset and P. E. Thomas, both of
Sealed the 18th June 1861, and dated the 19th December 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald
Brooman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 19th December 1860.
1. RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF CAOUTCHOUC AND THE EMPLOYMENT OF A
PRODUCT OBTAINED THEREBY FOR LUBRICATING AND COATING BODIES." (a communi-
cation from abroad by J. D. Duhousset and P. E. Thomas, both of Paris,
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, first, in heating caoutchouc to a high temperature
in a closed vessel, and thereby extracting from it or converting it into a
viscous semi-fluid substance, which the Inventors denominate "hévéone, "and
which is suitable for being employed either pure or mixed with fatty or other
matters as a lubricator, or for coating metals, wood, and other substances.
The temperature to which it is desirable to heat the caoutchouc varies accord-
ing to its nature from 125 to 230 degrees centigrade (say from 250 to 460
degrees Fahrenheit). The heating is conducted in a closed vessel in order to
CD 71

page_text: prevent the escape of volatile products from the caoutchouc duringtheheating
process; either of the following arrangements of apparatus may be employed
for the purpose-1. A hermetically closed vessel furnished with an interna
agitatorworking through a tight stuffing box, and with a sight glass orglazed
aperture for enabling the operator to watch and conduct the process within
the vessel. The vessel may be heated by passing a current of superheated or
other steam between the parts of a double bottom,or between the vessel and a
casing, or by means of a bath of heated oil or of molten metal, according to
the degree of heat required for the caoutchouc operated on. When the
melting of the caoutchouc and its conversion into hévéone has been effected,
the cooling must be allowed to take place before the vessel is opened. 2. A
distilling apparatus, the lower portion of which is heated by either of the
modes before described, and the coil or serpentine of which is refrigerated by
spring or well water, or by a refrigerating mixture. When this second
arrangement is employed, if very thick hévéone be desired, the carburets of
hydrogen that are given off from the caoutchouc may be partially condensed,
the condensed portions being afterwards rectified and added to other hévéone
which may be required in a more fluid state. When it is intended to mix
fatty or other matters with the hevesne, they may be placed in the closed
vessel with the caoutchouc before the melting commences.
Hévéone obtained according to the first part of the Invention is applied
under the next part of it to various lubricating and coating purposes,among
which are the following:-1. To increase the viscosity of all fatty bodies
employed as lubricators for machinery, fire-arins, or other apparatuses. 2. To
form waterproof coatings for preserving metals from oxidation,wood, leather,
and other like materials from the action of water or moisture, and so forth.
3. To form luting for various apparatuses and a caulking material for vessels
and marine structures.
When they employ hévéone as a grease or for lubricating, the Inventors
prefer to mix with it olive oil in the proportion of about 90 parts of the latter
to 10 of the hévéone. When they employ it as a coating they prefer to mix
equal quantities of oil and hévéone; but they do not limit themselves in either
case to those proportions or to the use of any particular oil,grease, or other
substance. When it is to be applied to metals the hévéoue is made frompure
(i.e. unvulcanized) caoutchouc, but when it is to be applied to wood, leather'
or other non-metallic substance, waste vulcanized caoutchouc may be em-
ployed.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Archibald Brooman in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 19th June 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, send grecting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Herreign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,the said
Richard Archibald Brooman, Her special licence that I, the said Richard
Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman,myexecutors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter duringthe term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make,use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF CAOUTCHOUC AND THE EMPLOYMENT OF A
PRODUCT OBTAINED THEREBY FOR LUBRICATING AND COATING BODIES," (a communi-
cation from abroad by J. D. Duhoussetand P. E. Thomas, both of Paris,)upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Kichard Archibald Brooman,my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what inanner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof (that is to say):
This Invention consists,first, in heating caoutchouc to a high temperature
in a closed vessel, and thereby extracting from it or converting it into a
viscous semifluid substance, which the Inventors denominate "hévéone," and
which is suitable for being employed either pure or mixed with fatty or other
matters as a lubricator, or for coating metals, wood and other substances
The temperature to which it is desirable to heat the caoutchouc varies
according to its nature from 125 to 230 degrees centigrade (say from 250 to

page_text: 460 degrees Fahrenheit). The heating is conducted in a closed vessel in
order to prevent the escape of volatile products from the caoutchouc during
the heating process. Either of the following arrangements of apparatus may
be employed for the purpose:-1. A hermetically closed vessel furnished with
an internal agitator working through a tight staffing box, and with a sight
glass or glazed aperture for enabling the operator to watch and conduct the
process within the vessel. The vessel may be heated by passing a current of
superheated or other steam between the parts of a double bottom or between
the vessel and a casing, or by means of a bath of heated oil or of molten metal
according to the degree of heat required for the caoutchouc operated on.
When the melting of the caoutchoucand its conversion into hévéone has been
effected, the cooling must be allowed to take place before the vessel is opened.
2. A distilling apparatus, the lower portion of which is heated by either of the
modes before described, and the coil or serpentine of which is refrigerated by
spring or well water, or by a refrigerating mixture. When this second
arrangement is employed,if very thick hévéone be desired, the carburets of
hydrogen that are given off from the caoutchouc may be partially condensed,
the condensed portions being afterwards rectified and added to other hévéone
When it is intended to mix
which may-be-required in a more fluid state.
fatty or other matters with the hévéone, they may be placed in the closed-
vessel with the caoutchouc before the melting commences.
Hévéone obtained according to the first part of the Invention is applied
under the next part of it to various lubricating and coating purposes, among
which are the following:-1. To increase the viscosity of all fatty bodies
employed as lubricators for machinery, fire-arms, and other apparatuses.
2. To form waterproof coatings for preserving metals from oxidation, wood,
leather, and other like metals from the action of water or moisture, and so
forth. 3. To form luting for various apparatuses and a caulking material for
vessels and marine structures.
When they employ hévéone as a grease or for lubricating the Inventors
prefer to mix with it olive oil in the proportion of about 90 parts of the latter
to 10 of the hévéone. When they employ it as a coating they prefer to mix
equal quantities of oil and hévéone; but they do not limit themselves in either
case to those proportions, or to the use of any particular oil, grease, or other
substance. When it is to be applied to metals the hévéone is made from pure
(i.e. unvulcanized) caoutchouc, but when it is to be applied to wood, leather,
or other non-metallic substance, waste vulcanized caoutchouc may be em
ployed.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what

page_text: manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim as the improve-
ments in the treatment of caoutchouc and the employment of a product
obtained thereby for lubricating and coating bodies, treating caoutchouc so
as to convert it into a viscous semifluid substance, denominated "hévéone," to
be used pure or mixed with fatty or other matters,substantially in manner for
the purposes herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I the said Richard Archibald Brooman, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of June, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-one.
R. A. BROOMAN. (L.S.)