Improvements in or pertaining to Kilns.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Dec., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Aug., 1892-Accepted, 24th Sept. 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or pertaining to Kilns.
I, EDWARD BROOK of 41 Spring Street, Huddersfield, in the County of York,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
With the view of utilizing the heat in the waste gases escaping from a kiln
undergoing the firing process ordinary chimney draught has been used to compel
the waste gases to pass through a neighbouring kilu, but this plan has been found
inefficient and unreliable, the draught being impaired owing to the second kiln
being full of cold damp bricks or other goods. Now my invention is to obviate
this difficulty, for which purpose the kilns are suitably connected and a steam jet
blower or exhauster is so arranged in any convenient position as to exhaust or draw
the whole or a portion of the waste gases escaping from one kiln and force or blow
the same through another kiln. The body of the steam jet blower or exhauster
comprises a combining tube with a conical inlet and a diverging outlet; these it is
advantageous to construct of firebrick, gannister or other refractory material and
to avoid or lessen the risk of fracture or breakage during the process of manu-
facture the body is or may be made in two or more parts with suitable means such
as spigot and socket joints for preserving or ensuring their concentricity of axis
when placed together. The connecting flue is furnished with a damper so that
communication between two kilns may be closed when desired.
As will be evident my method of passing the whole or a portion of the waste
gases from one kiln through the next one is applicable to both gas fired and
ordinary coal fired kilns of the down-draught type, and when according to my
invention a steam jet apparatus is used in conjunction with an overhead flue for
conveying heated air from a kiln undergoing the cooling process to a neighbouring
kiln, it forms a very economical and efficient system of working.
Dated this 19th day of December 1901
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per F. J. Brougham,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or pertaining to Kilns.
I, EDWARD BROOK of 41 Spring Street, Huddersfield, in the County of
York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
With the view of utilising the heat in the waste gases escaping from a kiln
undergoing the firing process, ordinary chimney draught has been used to compel
the waste gases to pass through a neighbouring kiln, but this plan has been found
inefficient and unreliable the draught being impaired owing to the second kiln
being full of cold damp bricks or other goods. Now my invention is to obviate
this difficulty, for which purpose the kilns are suitably connected and a steam jet
blower or exhauster is so arranged in any convenient position as to exhaust or draw
the whole or a portion of the waste gases escaping from one kiln and force or blow
the same through another kiln. The body of the steam jet blower or exhauster
comprises a combining tube with a conical inlet and a diverging outlet these it is
advantageous to construct of firebrick, gannister or other refractory material and
Pric S17

page_text: to avoid or lessen the risk of fracture or breakage during the process of manu-
facture the body is or may be made in two or more parts with suitable means such
as spigot and socket joints for preserving or ensuring their concentricity of axis
when placed together. The connecting flue is furnished with a damper so that
communication between two kilns may be closed when desired.
As will be evident my method of passing the whole or a portion of the waste
gases from one kiln through the next one is applicable to both gas fired and
ordinary coal fired kilns of the down-draught type, and when according to my
invention a steam jet apparatus is used in conjunction with an overhead flue for
conveying heated air from a kiln undergoing the cooling process to a neighbouring
kiln, it forms a very economical and efficient system of working.
In the accompanying illustrative drawings,
Fig. 1 is a vertical section of two isolated round kilns with my invention applied
thereto; and
Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of the same, taken on the line A-B Fig. 1.
1 is an underground gas main provided with branch conduits 2, 2" from which
gas is admitted to the annular flues 3, 3" under the kiln floors by means of regu
lating valves 4, 4". The gas passes through nostrils or ports, which are provided
with regulating dampers or valves 6, into the bottoms of the "bags" 5 or behind
the flash wall." When the kilns are being fired, one or other of the annular
flues 3, 3ª acts as a distributing flue for the gas, whereas at another time, such flue
acts as a distributing flue for the waste products of combustion coming from a
neighbouring kiln; the ports or nostrils are controlled by the dampers 6 to suit the
passage of the one or the other.
Supposing the left hand kiln is being fired, a supply of air passes from the
heating chamber 7 through the small flues 8 into the "bags" 5, where it meets and
enters into combustion with the gas entering the "bags" 5 through the nostrils or
ports from the flue 3. The resulting flame and products of combustion ascend into
the kiln and after passing amongst the ware undergoing the firing process, descend
through perforations 9 in the kiln floor into the "well" or general discharge
fluc 10, and thence pass by a connecting flue 11 to the aunular flue 3ª under the
next or right hand kiln from which they ascend through the nostrils or ports into
the kiln above heating the ware contained therein and eventually being drawn off
through the perforations in the floor by means of a steam jet apparatus 12", which
forces them either into the "well" of a third kiln and up through the same to
??
steam the ware, or into the chimney, until the draught becomes sufficiently
powerful not to require the steam jet apparatus.
66
or
A steam jet apparatus 12 or 12" is placed between each two kilns and is con-
nected at each end by a small passage to a branch flue 13 or 13ª of which there is
one to each kiln whereby the steam jet apparatus is connected with the "well"
discharge flue of the kiln, and also to the main flue or conduit 17 leading to the
chimney, so that when occasion requires each kiln may be fired independently of
any other, the waste heat going direct to the chimney.
The various flues are provided with dampers for closing the connection when
desired.
Each connecting flue 11 between two kilns or each of the branch flues 13 and 13"
is provided with an opening 14 having a movable cover for the admission of cold
air for the purpose of cooling the discharge flue and kiln that has just completed
the firing process, the hot air thus obtained being allowed to escape through the
usual openings in the crown of the kiln, or as I prefer, conducted through an
overhead flue or tube 16 into the next kiln, there it delivers up the major portion
of its heat and it is eventually drawn off at the bottom by chimney draught or by
the steam jet apparatus. It will be evident that as the steam jet apparatus is
connected so as to draw from or discharge into the "wells or outlet flues of the
kilns, the cold air for cooling a kiln which has just completed the firing process
may by these means be driven up through such kiln and along the overhead tube
into the next one.
25

page_text: By the arrangements above set forth I am enabled to heat the ware in one kiln
by the escaping waste products of combustion from a neighbouring kiln to a
temperature sufficiently high to avoid any risk of breakage when the hot air is
admitted through the overhead tube 16. The heat in the escaping products of
combustion as well as that lodged in a kiln which has just completed the firing
process can thus be thoroughly utilized; and by means of the steam jet apparatus
any deficiency in the draught at the starting of each kiln can be compensated for,
until the chimney has become sufficiently heated to create an effective draught.
It will also be clear that these arrangements for creation of draught and trans-
ference of heat from kiln to kiln, are applicable to coal fired kilns.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that I do not
claim broadly the arranging kilns so that hot gases or products of combustion from
one kiln may pass into another kiln; arrangements for this purpose have been
already described by me in the Specification of my former Patent No. 6088
of 1890 but as herein before explained according to my present invention the
waste gases on leaving a kiln are conducted to the bags or behind the flash wall of
a second kiln instead of to the well or outlet perforations as shown and described
in my Specification No. 6088 of 1890; consequently whereas in the arrangement
described in my Specification No. 6088 of 1890 the hot waste gases heat the bottom
of the kiln to which they are admitted, in my present arrangement the hot waste
gases issuing from one kiln and entering another heat the bags and the top of the
kiln they so enter, so that hot air can be admitted through the overhead tube with
greater advantage and safety. What I claim is :-
1. Down-draught kilns connected substantially as hereinabove described the
well of one kiln by a connecting flue 11 with the distributing flue (3) of another
kiln, steam jet apparatus being provided and the whole so arranged that products
of combustion can be caused to pass from one kiln to the " bags of another kiln
and thence through the steam jet apparatus to the outlet flue of a third kila as set
forth.
2. In down draught kilns the arrangement of branch flues 13 13" chimney flue 17
and steam jet apparatus 12 12 substantially as described and shown whereby air or
waste gases can be drawn from the "well" or outlet flue of one kiln and passed
direct into the outlet flue of another kiln or into the chimney flue as set forth.
3. Down-draught kilns connected at their upper parts by an overhead tube or
flue and also connected by steam jet apparatus the arrangement being such that hot
air can be caused to pass from one kiln into another through the said overhead tube
substantially in the manner described.
4. A set or series of down-draught kilns wherein the well of one kilu is by a
connecting flue placed in connection with the distributing flue of another kiln and
the distributing flues are furnished with nostrils provided with regulating dampers
the whole so arranged that the distributing flue of each kiln is made to serve
alternately for the distribution of combustible gases coining from the generator and
for the distribution of waste gases coming from another kiln, and that the waste
gases of combustion entering any kiln of the set or series are caused to pass into
the bags or behind the flash wall of such kiln as and for the purpose set forth.
5. In conjunction with gas fired down draught kilns such as hereinabove referred
to my improved arrangements of flues and connections substantially as herein
described and shown, for the transference of hot air and waste gases from one kiln
to another.
Dated this 23rd dor of August 1900
W. Lloyd Wise,
EDWARD BROOK.
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.