AN IMPROVED FABRIC APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF HOSE OR FLEXIBLE PIPES
Year: 1859

page_text: Sealed the 22nd November 1859, and dated the 6th September 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Vincent Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition. on the
6th September 1859.
1. ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON. of the Office for Patents. 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED FABRIC APPLICABLE
TO THE MANUFACTURE OF HOSE OR FLEXIBLE PIPES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce by weaving a fabric suitable for
being manufactured into belting and hose pipe, the fabric being of any
required strength and thickness, less liable to decay, and less expensive than
that formed by cementing different plys together by means of india-rubber.
The material is formed of three, four, five, or more plys, which are
ingrained as woven, so that the whole shall form but a single cloth; any
desired thickness or strength of fabric may thus be obtained. Where the
material thus formed is employed for the manufacture of belting, it may be

page_text: used as it comes from the loom, or it may receive a thin layer of india-rubber
or other elastic compound upon one side to promote the adhesion of the belt
to the pulley. Such surface coating will not prevent the circulation of air
through the belt, nor promote the decay of the material.
When employed in the manufacture of hose for carrying water, the
material is coated upon one surface with a cement of india-rubber compound..
and the hose is put together by means of metallic rivets in the customary
manner; the cemented surface is placed inside. The hose is thus rendered
water-tight, while it will readily dry should the outside become wet.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alfred Vincent Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 6th March 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, 1, ALFRED
VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents. 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Iler most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of Her reign,
did. for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Alfred
Vincent Newton, Her special license that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as 1, the said Alfred
Vincent Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others. from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed. should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN
IMPROVED FABRIC APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF HOSE OR FEXIBLE PIPES,"
being a communication from abroad. by Nehemiah Ilunt, of Boston, in the
United States of America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Alfred Vincent Newton, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the saine was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is

page_text: to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement. reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed.
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
The chief object of this Invention, as communicated to me by my foreign
correspondent. relates to the obtaining by the process of weaving, a fabric
suitable for being manufactured into hose pipe, such fabric being less liable to
decay, and less expensive than that formed by cementing different plys
together by means of india-rubber, and being capable of receiving any required
amount of strength by weaving it with increased thickness. Besides employing
this fabric in the manufacture of hose pipes, it will also be found applicable
for driving bands or belting, and other like uses where strength and flexibility
are required.
In carrying out this Invention, three, four, five or more plys are wrought
together in the loom, and thereby made to form one compact and solid fabric.
In the accompanying Drawings, Fig. is a Diagram. shewing the several
warps which are numbered 1 to 8: Fig. 2 a section upon an enlarged scale
through a fabric of three plys, the section being transverse to the filling
threads, and parallel with the warps. The warp threads are numbered 1 to 8.
2 and 3 being the upper set, 4 and 5 the middle set. and 6 and 7 the lower
set of body warps: 1 and 8 are the binding warps. These warps are all set
up in a loom, each set being passed through a separate headdle. the loom
being furnished with suitable mechanism to operate the headdles in the order
required.
In weaving the fabric, the first set of body warps (2 and 3) are crossed.
and a shuttle containing a filling thread is shot through, the shed thus
formed: the lay then beats up, and the shed is formed with the second or
middle set of body warps (4 and 5), the filling being thrown through the shed
as before. The third set of body warps (6 and 7) are now crossed, and the
shuttle is again shot. The binding warps 1 and 8 are now crossed upon the
threads of filling before thrown in, and the operation is again commenced by
throwing the filling between the body warps 2 and 3. and is continued as
before.
By repeating the above operations in the order set forth a fabric is
produced having no parallel ridges like elastic webbing. wherein the body
warps and binding warps are woven with continuous channels between them
containing elastic cords, such cords or ridges being objectionable for the uses,
or some of them to which this fabric, from its strength and durability, is
peculiarly applicable. More than three sets of body warps may be employed
where great strength is necessary, and for certain purposes where a lighter

page_text: fabric will suffice, two may be sufficient, the principle upon which the fabric is
woven being the same in each case.
In Fig. 2, a, a, is the filling thread, 2 and 3 representing the upper set of
body warps, 4 and 5 the middle. and 6 and 7 the lower set, and 1 and 8 the
binding warps. From the above description, it will be understood that what
might be termed a number of pieces of plain cloth are thus united into a single
solid compact piece of great thickness and strength, suitable for being manu-
factured into hose pipe bands, driving belts, and other articles. The fibre of
which it is in general proposed to manufacture the improved fabric is cotton,
but other suitable fibres may, if desired, be substituted therefor.
When the material thus formed is employed for the manufacture of belting
for driving machinery, it may be used as it comes from the loom by the ends
being simply coupled together in any usual way, or it may receive a thin layer
of india-rubber or other elastic compound upon one side to promote the
adhesion of the belt to the pulley, as such surface coating will not prevent the
circulation of air through the belt, nor promote the decay of the material.
When employed in the manufacture of hose pipe for carrying water, the
material should be coated upon-one, surface only with a cement of india-rubber
compound, the hose being put together by means of metallic rivets in, the
customary manner. This cemented surface should form the inside of the
hose, which is thus rendered water-tight, while it will readily dry should
the outside become wet.
Having now set forth the nature of the Invention of An Improved Fabric
applicable to the Manufacture of Hose or Flexible Pipe," as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent. I wish it to be understood that, under the
above in part recited Letters Patent, I claim the novel manufacture of multi-ply
fabric as above described.
In witness whereof, 1. the said Alfred Vincent Newton. have hereunto
set my hand and seal. the. Sixth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
A. V. NEWTON. (L.S.)