CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MACHINERY
Year: 1829

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
WILLS WAYTE, late of Drury Lane, in the County of Middlesex, but now
of Gough Street, Mount Pleasant, in the same County, Printer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Nineteenth day of March, in the tenth year of His reign,
did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
James Wills Wayte, His especial licence, that I, the said James Wills
Wayte, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
James Wills Wayte, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during
the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MACHINERY;"
in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso obliging me, the said
James Wills Wayte, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be

page_text: inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more
fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
James Wills Wayte, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is described and
ascertained in and by the following description thereof (that is to say ):-
My Improvements in Machinery for Printing consist, in the first place, in a
new construction of a printing press or machine, in which I employ two tables,
each having a distinct form of types, for the purpose of printing both sides of
the sheet of paper, called perfecting. These tables are supported upon vibratory
arms, and are alternately brought up under a pendant platen to receive the
impression by the agency of a rod connected to a rotatory crank.
Secondly, in a new construction of printing press or machine in which only
one table and form of types is employed, vibrating upon arms between two
platens which stand obliquely, the table coming in contact with the platens
alternately.
Thirdly, in new constructions of inking apparatus, which may be adapted
to the table of a printing press of any of the ordinary constructions.
My first-mentioned printing machine is shewn in the accompanying
Drawings in several Figures, in all of which the same letters of reference
point out similar parts of the machine.
Fig. 1 is a side view of the machine in complete working order.
Figure 2 is a horizontal view shewing the appearance of the machine from
above.
Fig. 3 exhibits the reverse side of the machine to Fig. 1, the frame being
removed to shew the working parts more clearly. This third Figure repre-
sents the positions of the parts of the machine at the time that the impression
is given to the sheet.
Fig. 4 is a similar view to Fig. 3, shewing the position of the parts imme-
diately after the impression is given to the sheet, the platen being raised for
the purpose of allowing this table and form of types to pass away, and the
other table and form to come up into its place for giving the impression to the
reverse side of the sheet which is turned over during the alternating move
ment of the tables. a and b are the tables with the forms of type, each table
being supported by the arms of the double-armed levers. c, d, c, d. The
tables are attached to these arms by hinge joints, and the double-armed levers
which are all of equal lengths, vibrate on bolts or shafts, passed through thei

page_text: P,
fulcrums at e, e, the tails of the levers having weights f, f, to counterbalance the
tables. The crank g, to which the actuating power is to be applied, is con-
nected to the levers c by a rod h, and hence the rotation of the crank causes the
double-armed levers to vibrate, and to carry the tables up and down in hori-
zontal positions, always preserving their parallelism, as shewn by red lines in
Figure 3. In order to raise and lower the platen i parallel to the tables, the
platen is suspended to the cross head of the press by double-jointed pieces, as
seen at j, and is guided in its parellel movement by a longitudinal bar k, k,
connected by a link joint to an upright standard m, at the feeding end of the
machine, which is particularly shewn in Figures 3 and 4. The. sheets of
paper to be printed are placed in a heap upon the feeding board n, and are
slidden forward singly by the boy attending the machine over the edge of the
board into a situation to be taken hold of by the springs, clips, or fingers 0, 0, 0,
mounted on a slight bar p crossing the machine, and connected to the endless
chains 9, as seen most clearly in the horizonal view Fig. 2. The construction
of the clips or fingers is very simple; their upper chaps are formed by small
pieces of thin steel plate o, fastened at one end to their bar which consti-
tutes the lower chap; on this bar they lay flat, and as the endless chains
traverse, the ends of these springs severally come against small inclined planes
r, r, r, affixed to the top rail of the standards s, which inclined planes raise the
ends of the spring clips or fingers, and when they have passed over the inclined
plains they fall, and their ends take fast hold of the edge of the sheet of
paper, ready to conduct it between the platen and table to be printed. The
endless chains are carried forward through the machine by means of
toothed gear actuated by the rotation of the crank shaft g, seen in Figs. 1 and 2.
On the end of the crank shaft a bevel toothed wheel t is fixed, which takes
into a pinion on the inclined shaft u, at the upper end of which shaft their is
a similar pinion which, by mitre gear, drives the toothed wheel v. This
toothed wheel v takes into a pinion w, on the axle of one of the conducting
rollers, seen crossing the machine in the horizontal view Fig. 2. The ends
of this aud the other similar conducting rollers have spur wheels which take
into the links of the endless chains q, and hence, by the rotation of x, the chains
are carried forward. When the machine is in operation the crank shaft g
is driven by a uniform continuous rotatory motion motion; but as it is neces-
sary that the endless chains conducting the sheets of paper should rest at inter-
vals while the impression is given, a portion of the teeth of the wheel v are
removed, by which means, though the wheel v continues revolving uniformily,
yet the pinion w is allowed occasionally to remain at rest, in order to leave the
conducting rollers and endless chains stationary during the time that the

page_text: impression is given. Let it be supposed that a sheet of paper is now receiving
an impression, the parts of the machine will be in the situation shewn in
Fig. 3. After the impression is given to the sheet the parts of the machine
will assume the positions shewn in Fig. 4. The crank and the rod h
coming into a right line, will then have pushed the arms c, d, which
support the table b, beyond the perpendicular, and as they arrive at this
position the upright barijor lever y locking itself to the arm d through the
agency of the catch and spring lever,, will be made to move the horizontal
bark laterally by means of the pin 1 at the top of the bar y, acting in the
slot of the arm 2, which descends from the bar k. This bar k is fixed to
the platen, and it will be remembered hangs at one end on the link joint l.
Hence, as the bar moves sideways, it rises and lifts the platen off the table,
äs seen in Fig. 4. . It may be here necessary to observe, that the impression
just given by the table 6 is that which prints the reiteration or second
side of the sheet, called perfecting. One of the sets of fingers are at this
turn, by the sliding of the bar, passing over the inclined plain described
above, and shewn in Fig. 4, and are made to take hold of the edge of a
sheet of paper from the pile ready to be drawn in for receiving the impression
of the table a. The teeth of the revolving wheel now taking into the
pinion u, the endless chains are moved forward, and the fresh sheet is brought
under the platen, while the printed sheet is carried along the endless web 3,
and discharged on to a receiving board placed in any convenient situation, the
spring clips opening as they pass over small inclined planes at 4, in a similar
way to that described above. In order that the platen may be raised or
lowered by a small force, a couterbalance weight 5 is affixed to a lever, and
connected to the platen through the perpendicular rod 6.
The reciprocating movements of the tables a and b having been described as
effected by the rotatory crank and its connecting rod h, I now proceed to point
out the means by which the forms receive the ink previous to giving each
impression. At each end of the frame of the machine there is a trough 7,
containing the ink. To each of these is appended a ductor roller, as in other
printing machines, for the purpose of giving the necessary supply of ink.
8, 8, are the receiving rollers, the pivots of which are mounted in small
levers 9, 9, having a spring behind each for the purpose of keeping the
receiving rollers in contact with the distributing rollers 10, 10. The levers
and the distributing rollers are mounted in the side rails attached to the tables,
and as the tables come down into their lowest situation, as at a, Fig. 4, the
tail of the lever 9 strikes upon a small stud, which brings the receiving
roller 8 into contact with the ductor roller. At this time the roller 8 receives

page_text: its supply of ink, and, on the rising of the table, the spring causes the roller 8
to come again into contact with the distributing roller 10. In order that the
ink may be uniformly spread upon the distributing rollers, they are kept con-
tinually revolving by means of an endless band 11, 11, passed over pullies at
their ends, and over a pulley 12, near the middle of the machine, which' band
is kept tight by a tension pulley 13. A pulley fixed on the same axle as 12
carries a band from a similar pulley 14, on the crank shaft, and thus by
the rotation of the crank shaft the distributing rollers are kept continually
revolving. The rollers 15,, 15, which give ink to the form on the table a,
turn loosely in the pendant guides 16, 16, and consequently, as the vibrating
table a rises and falls, as shewn by red lines in Fig. 3, the rollers will
pass over the form and supply it with ink. When the table has risen to
its highest position the rollers 15; 15, will bear upon the distributing roller 10,.
and thence obtain a fresh supply of ink. The form on the table bis inked in
precisely the same way as a, therefore a repetition of the description is unne-
cessary. After the first impression has been given to the sheet introduced
under the platen by the spring clips or fingers, they, in their progress, conduct
the sheet to receive the second impression, and then discharge it, as already
explained. A frisket or tapes may be suspended to the under side of the
plate for the purpose of keeping the sheet close to the blanket, which blanket
is kept in tention between two rollers, and its surface may be shifted by an
endless band and pulley connected to one of the spur wheels,. or by any other
convenient means. The method. of adjusting. the impression is by sliding
wedges in the cross-head, as in other printing machines.
The printing press or machine in which only one table is employed, vibrating
upon arms between two platens, is shewn in the Drawing at Fig. 5. a is the
crank shaft, driven by any adequate power; b, the crank; c, the connecting
rod, attached by a joint to the vibrating frame d, d, on which he table é and
form of types is placed, with a balance weight fattached to an arm at bottom.
The ends of the table on the frame d, as it vibrates, alternately strike against
one of the levers g, 9, at the extreme ends of which levers there are joints h, h;
connecting them, by the bars i, i, with the platens k, k, and the platens being
suspended by double-jointed pieces 1, 1, in a similar way to the machine above
described. This action of the table brings the oblique platen down to give
the impression. On the return of the vibrating frame and table the counter-
weight m raises the lever g, and causes the platen to be lifted to its former.
situation.
The inking, apparatus in this machine is in a great measure similarly,
constructed to that above described; and as the table passes to and fro:

page_text: the rollers n, n, pass over the form and ink the type. The sheets to be
printed in this machine are introduced by a series of tapes passing round an
endless blanket, as employed in many other printing machines, the tapes and
blanket receiving their motion from a rigger on the crank shaft. As this
machine is calculated to print with great rapidity, several laying-on table may
be employed."
!
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:
The inking apparatus, constituting "the third part of my. Invention,
is 'represented at "Fig. 5, 6, 7, and 8, in which corresponding. 'lotters
pointing out the same parts in all these Figures. Fig. 5* is a side view;
Fig. 6 a top view, and Fig. 7 and 8 end views. The apparatus is-mounted
on a frame or standard a, a, a, and is to be placed on the off-side of the table
of a printing press, having the form of types as at b; b. The ductor or trough
containing the ink is shewn at 'c, from whence the ink is taken by the ductor
roller d, and transferred to the messenger roller e, which carries it to the
receiving roller f; when the carriage runs out. 9, 9, 9, 9, is a light carriage.
or frame supporting the axles of the two inking rollers hand. i, and the;-mes-
senger roller c,' which is shewn detached at .Fig. 9. This carriage.runs-upon
four wheels on the two side wileways, at the top edges of the frame or
standard a Motion is given to the carriage by a weighted cord / passing over
a pulley and round a barrel, from which barrel.another cord' or- gut mis
connected to the rounce n. The rounce is to be wound up by a-boy, or any
other convenient means, which' by the same operation gives. motion-to-the-dis-
tributing. rollers by a. cord and pullies; the barrel l'turning loosely upon-its
spindles during the winding is then locked' to the 'spindle by a catch or- dog
acting in a notch at top of the barrel. The weight is by this means
retained in its elevated position until the pressman lifts the tympan, when
the 'tail or "lever at the bottom of the tympan strikes against a small
weighted: lever o at the side of the standard. This lever is connected
by a rod p to a small lever q, which carries a pall taking into the ratchet
wheel on the axle of the ductor roller d, and thereby imparts the necessary
movement to the ductor, and at the same time depresses.a pall or catch
which had held fast the frame or carriage g. The frame or carriage now being
at:liberty the weight descends, and turning the barrel and the spindle
locked to it, on the top of which is a spur wheel's. This-spur wheel; and
another of ŝiniilar diameter, are embraced by an endless chain 'u; u, in which
a:stud viis fixed, working in a slot at the back of the carriage or frame g;
hence, by the rotation of the barrel ? and spindle and the spur wheels, the
carriage with the inking rollers is suddenly-projected over the form of types,
ast shewn by.dots! in Fig. 5 & 6, and instantly brought-back again; the

page_text: weight being now wound up again, prepares the force by which the carriage
with the rollers may be projected forward for another inking in the way above
described. In order to prevent the ink gathering on the rollers and delivering
in stripes, a lateral movement is given to the distributing roller by means.
of a barrel w, with an enclined groove, which 'receives a stud on the under
side of the frame of the distributing roller, this barrel deriving motion from
the lever o, in which the tail of the tympan acts.
a is a
Figure 10 represents another method, by which a press of the ordinary con-
struction may be altered and furnished with a self-acting apparatus.
stationary table, with the form of type; b is a carriage, in which the inking
rollers c, c, are mounted, and also the platen d, turning upon pivots or an
axle e.
At one end of this axle a toothed segment is affixed, taking into a
rack f, which must be fixed to the table or to any other stationary part of the
press. To the ribs or frame of the press two spur wheels 9 and h are
attached, carrying the endless chain i, i, i. This endless chain is connected
by a stud to the carriage b, which runs on rollers upon the railway k. Now,
supposing the rounce handle to be turned, the carriage will be brought for-
ward, conducting the inking rollers over the form and also the platen d, which,
by the action of the toothed segment in the rack, is turned upon its axle into
a horizontal position over the types ready to receive the power which gives
the impression. At this time the inking rollers c, c, will be brought over the
distributing roller m, and they will receive their supply of ink in the manner
above described.
Figs. 11 and 12 shew the plan and elevation of a mode by which the long
ductor roller and ink trough, described in the lower Figures, may be dispensed
with. a is a small ink ductor, with a trough attached to it, placed at one
end of the framing of the inking apparatus; b is a small roller attached to
the end of the tympan frame, made of the usual elastic composition. When
the tympan is raised, as shewn at c, at Fig. 11, the roller b is then brought
into contact with the ductor a; but when the tympan is laid down upon the
form the roller 6 will be raised into the position shown by dots at d, in the
same Figure. e, e, e, e, are blocks of wood or metal placed upon a bar at the
off side of the press, these blocks being made adjustable, to suit different
descriptions of forms. On running the tympan in, the roller 6 passes over the
blocks, communicating ink to them, as shewn by dots at f; and in order to
prevent the roller delivering the greater part of its ink upon the first two
blocks they are so arranged that only one half of the width of the roller
comes in contact with the two first blocks, the other half delivering its ink to
the third and fourth blocks. These blocks are placed so as to come opposite

page_text: to the pages of type, and the inking rollers, in passing over the blocks, take up
ink in those parts only so as to avoid waste. These blocks may be either
placed on the bar, as shewn, under the roller, or suspended above, as may be
found most convenient.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Wills Wayte, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and twenty-nine.
JAMES WILLS (L.S.) WAYTE.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Nineteenth day of September,
in the tenth year of the reign of His Majesty King George the Fourth, the
said James Wills Wayte came before our said Lord the King in His Chancery,
and acknowledged the Instrument aforesaid, and all and every thing therein
contained and specified, in form above written. And also the Instrument
aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made in the fifty-
fifth year of the reign of His late Majesty King George the Third.
Inrolled the Nineteenth dess of Santor