IMPROVEMENTS IN OR PERTAINING TO CONTINUOUS AND AUTOMATIC RAILWAY BRAKE APPARATUS, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Lloyd Wise, of 7, Whitehall Place, in the City
of Westminster, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR PERTAINING
TO CONTINUOUS AND AUTOMATIC RAILWAY BRAKE APPARATUS, PARTS OF
WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES." A communication from
abroad by Jesse Fairfield Carpenter, of Berlin, in the Empire of Germany.
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Lloyd Wise at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th February 1881.
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of 7, Whitehall Place, in the City of Westminster.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR PERTAINING TO CONTINUOUS AND AUTOMATIC RAILWAY
BRAKE APPARATUS, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES."
A communication from abroad by Jesse Fairfield Carpenter,' of Berlin, in the
Empire of Germany.
This Invention has for object improvements in or pertaining to continuous and
automatic railway brake apparatus, parts of which are applicable to other purposes.
According thereto a hose coupling is provided with an automatic arrangement for
closing the entrance to the hose pipes simultaneously with the uncoupling thereof,
and opening the entrance to the pipes simultaneously with the coupling of the same.
Such automatic arrangement is an apparatus consisting of two main portions, in
each of which there is a plug cock; the two plugs are so formed as that a part of
each will engage with a suitably formed part of the other plug when the two main
portions of the apparatus are placed together.
As a means of uniting hose to couplings without the use of clamps or bands, an
arrangement is employed, according to which there is combined with the inside
nipple of the coupling an outside nipple or case, split, slit, or divided into several
segments, which are pressed on to the hose to lock the same fast to the coupling.
To support hose at the ends of carriages in such a manner that it may be preserved
from injury, an appliance I will call a carrier is employed, so formed and applied

page_text: as to enable the hose to pass at either side of the screw coupling and retain it out of
contact therewith.
A control or driver's brake valve, according to this Invention, in constructed with
a common plug having (besides the excess pressure valve fitted in its lower end) a
hole in a slanting direction through it so as to serve a double set of orifices of
various dimensions in the case or body when it is turned in the same either to the
right or left respectively.
Also a simple form of pump or compressor is constructed with only two moving
parts additional to the air valves, viz., a double main piston and a double secondary
or valve piston, the said secondary or valve piston being arranged in combination
with various ports leading to the main cylinder, the exhaust passage and passages
in connection with the valve piston, so that the movements of the said valve piston
are controlled by steam admitted by ports opened and closed by the movement of
the main piston.

page_text: "
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Lloyd Wise in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
12th August 1881.
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of 7, Whitehall Place, in the City of Westminster.
'IMPROVEMENTS IN OR PERTAINING TO CONTINUOUS AND AUTOMATIC RAILWAY
BRAKE APPARATUS, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES."
(A communication from abroad by Jesse Fairfield Carpenter, of Berlin, in the
Empire of Germany.).
This Invention has for object improvements in or pertaining to continuous and
automatic railway brake apparatus, parts of which are applicable to other purposes.
According thereto a hose coupling is provided with an automatic arrangement for
closing the entrance to the hose pipes simultaneously with the uncoupling thereof,
and opening the entrance to the pipes simultaneously with the coupling of the same.
Such automatic arrangement is an apparatus consisting of two main portions, in
each of which there is a plug cock. The two plugs are so formed as that a part of
cach will engage with a suitably formed part of the other plug when the two main
portions of the apparatus are placed together.
As a means of uniting hose to couplings without the use of clamps or bands, an
arrangement is employed, according to which there is combined with the inside
nipple of the coupling an outside nipple or case, split, slit, or divided into several
segments, which are pressed on to the hose to lock the same fast to the coupling.
To support hose at the ends of carriages in such a manner that it may be preserved
from injury, an appliance I will call a carrier is employed, so formed and applied as
to enable the hose to pass at either side of the screw coupling and retain it out of
contact therewith.
A control or driver's brake valve according to this Invention is constructed with
a common plug having (besides the excess pressure valve fitted in its lower end) a
hole in a slanting direction through it so as to serve a double set of orifices of various
dimensions in the case or body when it is turned in the same either to the right or
left respectively.
Also a simple form of pump or compressor is constructed with only two moving
parts additional to the air valves, viz., a double main piston and a double secondary
or valve piston, the said secondary or valve piston being arranged in combination
with various ports leading to the main cylinder, the exhaust passage and passages
in connection with the valve piston, so that the movements of the said valve piston
are controlled by steam admitted by ports opened and closed by the movement of
the main piston.
In the accompanying three Sheets of illustrative Drawings, Figs. 1 and 2, Sheet 1,
are respectively an elevation partly in longitudinal section and a plan partly in
section shewing one of the improved hose couplings according to this Invention
provided with automatic arrangements for closing the entrance to the hose pipes
simultaneously with the uncoupling thereof, and for opening the entrance to the
pipes simultaneously with the coupling thereof, and also shewing the means or
method of uniting the coupling to the rubber hose without the use of clasps, bands,
or wire.
A hollow plug cock X is fitted into each of the mouth pieces or half couplings y, y,
and is formed with holes or passages i, i, similar passages being formed in the
hollow piece W which forms a seating for the plug cock X; h, h, are rubber rings;
kc, k, are semicircular noses or projections formed on the plug cocks X, X, and
extending through the rings h, h, to engage with one another.

page_text: When the two couplings are turned about their common axis for coupling or
uncoupling the same, the two plugs X, X, being locked togother by the pro-
jections K, K, will remain relatively still, and the seats W, W, will be forced to
turn round with the couplings upon the said plugs, thus. bringing the passages i, i,
in the seatings W, W, into proper relative positions with the passages i, i, in the
plugs, i.e., open or shut, according as the couplings are connected or disconnected.
The hose is connected to the coupling by being inserted between the inside nipple
and the outside split nipple or casc, the parts or divisions a, a, of which are then
driven or forced down upon the hose, holding it firmly, as shewn.
A modified arrangement of coupling is shewn in Figs. 3, 4, and 5, where similar
letters of reference refer to corresponding parts in Figs. 1 and 2.
Figs. 1, 2, and 3, Sheet 2, shew in side elevation in plan, and in end elevation
respectively an improved arrangement according to this Invention, for supporting
hose at the ends of carriages to preserve it from injury, the old method of uniting
hose across and above the carriage coupling not being always applicable on platform
and intercommunication carriages, and from other reasons. The improved arrange-
ment permits of a single line of piping, whose couplings can be united on either
side of the carriage coupling at pleasure. a, a, is a single line of piping carried
underneath the centre of each carriage, and cut short a sufficient distance from the
buffer beam to allow the hose b, b, a certain amount of flexibility at its point of
suspension c from the buffer beam, so that the hose can be moved and united on
either side of the carriage coupling, as shewn.
The hose is carried by the carrier c, which is suspended from a slide f, along
which it, with its hook y, can be moved to either side of the carriage, coupling
depressions being formed at each end of the slide to keep the hose in proper
position, and prevent its jarring or coming into contact with the coupling.
Figs. 4, 5, and 6, Sheet 2, shew respectively two sectional elevations at right
angles to each other, and a plan of an improved arrangement of control or driver's
brake valve designed to permit of the readier escape of air in putting on the brake
than is possible in the usual construction, and at the same time to prevent too
sudden action in taking off the brakes, as well as the too rapid escape of the
pressure from the main reservoir, in the event during the journey of the rupture of
the bosc or pipe connections. y is the excess pressure valve fitted to the bottom of
the plug f, in which plug there is formed in a slanting direction a curved
passage c, c', communicating when the brake is applied, that is, when the plug is in
the position shewn in the Drawings, and the handle situated as indicated in full
lines at x, Figs. 4 and 6, with two orifices b¹ and e, whose areas are each equal to
that of the brake pipe at b, so that no retention of the air takes place as it passes
through the cock. When however the handle x is turned to the position y, shewn
in dotted lines, the passage c, c¹, communicates with two other orifices a, b, as
shewn in dotted lines, this being the position of the cock when the brake is released
or is being released. The areas of the orifices a¹ and b² being materially smaller
than the areas of b₁ and e, the required retention of the air current is effected, and
the same passage c, c¹, in conjunction with the double set of orifices answers for
This construction of
the double purposes of putting on and releasing the brakes.
control or driver's break valve also permits of the use by the public in carriage
compartments of cocks or escape valves, by opening which the brake may be applied
in case of danger, the contracted passage at 62 serving in such case to prevent the
air from the main reservoir keeping up the pressure in the train pipe at b.
Fig. 1, Sheet 3, is a vertical longitudinal section, and Figs. 2 and 3 are two end
clevations of the improved arrangement of air compressor or pump according to
this Invention, comprising besides the air valves only two moving parts, viz., a
main double piston c, c, and a double secondary or valve piston d, d'. The air
valves e, f, and e', f¹, of the air cylinder B are so arranged in their common seats
and g' (which at the same time serve as inlets for the air), that they are easily removed
for cleaning, and the dirt, etcetera, has a most ready escape. The valves of the
steam cylinder A are situated in common with the exhaust ports pip', at the lowest

page_text: part of the cylinder, so as to permit the condensed steam to escape easily, thus
avoiding the dangers arising from freezing in cold weather.
The working of the pump is as follows:-
Steam from the locomotive boiler enters at h (Figs. 1 and 3, Sheet 3), and by
means of the passages shewn in dotted lines enters the valve chambers at each end
of the cylinder at i, i¹.
In the position shewn in the Drawings, the steam entering at i, and coming
between the first and second rings of the valve piston d, has at the same time
entrance to the main cylinder A by the passage K. Supposing now the piston C
to be at the right hand end of the cylinder, the entering steam will force it in the
direction of the arrow, whereby the passage will become uncovered or exposed,
and steam entering this passage will fill the chamber n, and at the same time, by
means of the small slit s, the chamber o will likewise be filled with steam, and thus
the valve will be completely balanced. At the other end of the cylinder the
corresponding valve is in the meanwhile in the reverse position; that is, the
steam entering at it is confined between the first and second rings of the piston,
while the passage is in communication with the exhaust through p', and the
chambers n and o' are respectively in communication with the main cylinder by
means of the passages l' and m³, from which it follows that ¹, n¹, and o¹ are all in
exhaust or under atmospheric pressure only. When however the main piston C, in
nearing the end of its stroke, passes over the outlet of the passage m³, the steam
will enter this passage, and, acting on the end of the valve piston, will force it
towards the right hand, reversing its position. This movement will be easily
effected, seeing that the chamber n¹ is open to the exhaust, and the opposite piston d
is equally balanced by steam in the chambers n and o. The steam from i¹ will
now enter the main cylinder, and will move the piston C in the opposite direction,
the chamber n' being at the same time filled with steam, and balancing the pressure
on the other end of the valve d. At the other end the valve d comes into the
same respective position as d formerly had, and the steam from the main cylinder,
as well as from the chambers o and n, is exhausted. It is important to observe
that the small channels t, t', by connecting the chambers n, n', respectively with
the exhaust passages p and p', prevent the collection of water and the formation
of back pressure when reversing, and that the passages s and s¹ serve to fill the
chambers o and of respectively in first starting the pump, and at the same time
prevent the valve d, d', stopping on its dead points, that is, by means of these
passages the steam from i, i, cannot be shut off entirely at both ends at once.
Steam valves constructed according to this Invention are also applicable for
other purposes besides air compressing machinery.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner in which
it is to be or may be performed or carried into practical effect, as communicated
to me as aforesaid, I would have it understood that what is claimed as secured to
me under the Letters Patent hereinbefore in part recited is,-
1. The use in pipe couplings for automatic railway brake apparatus and other
purposes of the hollow plug X (Sheet 1, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 5), having a nose or projec-
tion K, and a series of orifices i, i,i, in combination with its seat W, all so arranged
that the projection K engages the corresponding projection of the opposite plug in
such a manner that by the simple turning of the couplings Y, Y, in uniting the
same, the orifices i, i, i, of the plug X and its seat W are brought into connection,
making a free passage from pipe to pipe, and by the reverse operation (uncoupling)
the closing of the orifices i, i, i, shutting off communication is effected, substantially
as shewn and described.
2. Fastening the rubber hose in place on the nipple of the coupling 3, by means
of an outside nipple, split, slit, or divided into several segments, which are pressed
on to the hose to lock the same to the coupling, substantially as shewn in and
described with reference to Figs. 1 and 2, and Figs. 3 and 4, Sheet 1 of the
Drawings.
3. The arrangement of a single system of communicating pipes a, a, (Sheet 2,

page_text: Figs. 1, 2, and 3 of the Drawings), and the connecting hose b, b, in combination
with the carrier c and the slide f, so that the hose b, b, can be moved to either side
of the carriage couplings at pleasure, and united without crossing the same either
above or below, substantially as shewn' and described.
4. In a control cock for air brakes the use of a slanting passage c, c¹, in the
plug fin combination with orifices b₁ and e, and a' and 62, substantially as shewn
in and described with reference to Figs. 4, 5, and 6, Sheet 2 of the Drawings, and
for the purposes specified.
5. In a steam pump, the arrangement comprising the double valve pistons d
and d in combination with the chambers n and o, and n¹ and o¹, and with the
passages i, p, k, l, m, 8, and t, and i¹, p¹, k¹, l', m³, s¹, and t¹, substantially as described
and shewn on Sheet 3 of the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Lloyd Wise, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twelfth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
W. LLOYD WISE. (L.S.)