CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Todd, of Heywood, in the County of
Lancaster, Manufacturer, and Jacob Todd, of the same Place, Overlooker,
for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR
WEAVING."
Sealed the 9th February 1855, and dated the 14th August 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Todd and Jacob
Todd at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 14th August 1854.
We, WILLIAM TODD, of Heywood, in the County of Lancaster, Manufac-
turer, and JACOB TODD, of the same Place, Overlooker, do hereby declare the
nature of our said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR
WEAVING" to be as follows:-
The advantages gained by our improvements over. the looms at present
in use are simplicity and lightness of construction, a great saving of space,
economy in the first cost as well as in working, and greater durability,
inasmuch as a considerable amount of friction attendant on the .particular
formation of the looms at present in use is saved. By our improvements we
dispense entirely with treadles, lambs, tappet shaft, tappets, cross rail, picking
shaft, change wheels, and levers and weights, and in lieu thereof substitute
other contrivances, which we will proceed to describe under several heads.
First, as regards the ."-picking motion on the driving shaft. At the opposite

page_text: end to the driving pulley is a cog wheel, working into a second cog wheel,
which carries on its short shaft a small excentric; this is connected to a lever,
having at its lower end a rack traversing a small pinion. This gives motion to a
light longitudinal shaft, at each end of which is placed a vertical connecting rod,
acted upon by an excentric on the longitudinal shaft; in the partial revolution
of this shaft and excentric, the connecting rod elevates a small vertical shaft,
bearing at its head a cross pin; on the sword is secured a similar shaft and
cross pin, but having at its lower end a segmental plate, on the surface of
which is secured a strap, and connected at the other end to the picking rod.
It will now be evident, that upon each revolution of the driving shaft the small
cam depresses the rack, which causes the small pinion and longitudinal shaft
partially to revolve; the small cam on this shaft now elevates the vertical
connecting rod, which in its turn gives an upward motion to the cross pin;
simultaneous with this motion the crank on the driving shaft has brought
the slay and sword arm back, on which is mounted the second cross pin, which
by coming in contact with the now opposing pin, is compelled with its shaft
and segmental plate to take a sudden rotary movement thereby. By the aid
of the connecting strap and picking lath propelling on the shuttle, of course
the above motions are on each side are alternately given. Secondly, as
regards the working of the healds.-Our improvements consist in placing on
the longitudinal shaft (to which motion is given by the rack and pinion before
described), two double pulleys, under which straps run, and are connected to
the lower laths of the healds; the upper laths are suspended by cords running
over two small pulleys fixed to the top framing. Thirdly, in the improvements in
grates for the forks to work in.-The grates we form of a solid piece of metal,
and much less size than those at present in use. The forks we gain greater
regidity and certainty of action in by tapping the forked pieces, which are not
bent, into a small projection cast on the click piece and opposite to the click.
Fourthly, our improvements consist in the application of a self-acting spring
bearer or presser, placed near the warp roller, for giving a proper degree of
tension to the yarn as the action of the healds vary it. Fifthly, in a taking-up
wheel, which is so constituted as to render unnecessary all change wheels, and
with a slight modification may be applied either horizontally or vertically. It
consists of a series of concentric circles, and by shifting the ratchet or tooth
from one of less diameter to one of greater, or vice versa, any variation in
the number of picks may be obtained. Sixthly, in the method of holding the
"reed." We dispense with back and front spring roller plate and finger, and
simply employ a small indented fitting, secured to the front framing of the
loom; with a finger traversing underneath with the slay, the warp beam will be

page_text: placed entirely within the loom, and in the space occupied by seven looms at
present in work, we are enabled by the adaptation of our improvements to
place eight looms.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Todd and Jacob Todd in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 18th February 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
TODD and JACOB TODD, of Heywood, in the County of Lancaster, Manufac-
turers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said William Todd and Jacob Todd, Her especial licence that we,
the said William Todd and Jacob Todd, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said William Todd and Jacob Todd, our
exccutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Mau, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR
WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said William
Todd and Jacob Todd, or one of us, by an instrument in writing under our
hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Todd, do hereby declare the
nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
and accompanying Drawings (that is to say) :-
:-
Our improvements consist in the application, employment, and use of
various adaptations of machinery or apparatus in power looms for weaving,
whereby we are enabled to obtain simplicity and lightness of construction, a
great saving of space, economy in the first cost of the machine as well as in
after working, and greater durability, inasmuch as a considerable amount of

page_text: friction attendant on the particular formation of power looms at present in usc
is saved. By the employment of our improvements we are enabled to dispense
entirely with treadles, lamms, tappet shaft, tappets, cross rail, picking shaft,
change wheels, and levers and weights. In lieu thereof we substitute such
improvements as we will hereafter describe under the several following
heads-First, the "picking motion"; secondly, the "taking-up" wheel and its
gearing, &c., whereby we dispense entirely with change wheels; thirdly, the
method of working the healds; fourthly, our improvements in "forks" and
"grates" for detecting the absence of the weft; fifthly, the method of
holding and releasing the "reed"; sixthly, a self-acting spring bearer for
warp; seventhly, a new adaptation of a check strap to the picking rods;
and, lastly, the method of controlling or regulating the friction band of the
warp beam.
In order that these various improvements may be better under-
stood and explained in detail, we have hereunto attached three Sheets of
Drawings, having marked on corresponding parts of the machinery or apparatus
similar letters of reference throughout. The Figures on Sheet 1 are made
upon a scale of two inches to the foot; those on Sheet 2 are made one quarter
full size. In Sheet 1, Fig. 1 represents a front or longitudinal elevation of
our improved power loom, and Fig. 2 exhibits a side or transverse elevation
of the same.
We will now proceed with reference to the Drawings hereunto
attached to describe the action of our several improvements in the order as
herein-before enumerated. First, as regards the "picking motion," which is
communicated from the driving pulley a, as usual, to the crank shaft b. On this
shaft is secured a small cog wheel c, gearing into another cog wheel double its
size d; in a slot on this wheel a connecting arm e is secured, and at its lower
extremity is fastened to and works in a slot formed on the lever f; the lever f
at one end works freely on a stud, secured to the side framing, and carrying at
its other end a segmental plate g, over which plays vertically up and down
alternately two straps h, h, each at one end fastened thereto; these straps are
secured to a small drum j, to which they impart a reciprocating motion; the
light shaft k of this drum j extends longitudinally across the framing of the
loom, and at each end outside the framing carries a small excentric 1, l; on
these excentries are mounted two connecting levers m, m, in such a manner
that they may be alternately elevated, each lever m at its upper extremity
being secured to and operating upon a small vertical shaft n, furnished at its
upper part or head with a cross pin o, bevilled at one end; this small vertical
shaft n is made by the action of the connecting lever m to slide up and down
in a suitable fitting, securely fixed to the side framing, the sliding part being
made square to ensure greater firmness or rigidity of action.
It will be now

page_text: necessary to describe the opposing portion of the machinery or apparatus
which communicates immediately the propulsive action to the picking rod.
Behind the lathe sword arm is secured a fitting p, having projections which
carry and encircle a vertical rod or bar g; this bar q is furnished at its upper
end with a cross pin r, similar to the cross pin o; at the lower end of the rod
or bar q is a second small segmental plate s, on which one end of a shaft t is
secured, the other end being connected with the picking rod u. It will now
be evident that as motion is communicated from the crank shaft through
the gearing c and d, and the connecting arm e to the lever f, the lever f must
necessarily be caused to rise and fall alternately; this lever will by aid of the
segmental plate and straps h, h, communicate a reciprocating motion to the
drum and light shaft k, the effect of which is to elevate and depress the cross
pin o, by means of the small excentric and the intermediate connecting
pieces m and n. At the instant that it may be necessary for the shuttle to be
propelled along its race, the cross pin o is elevated to such a position as to
come into contact or oppose the cross pin r, secured upon the retreating sword;
the effect produced is the depression or forcing round of the cross pin r, and
subsequent entire quitting or separating of the pins, and consequently of the
small segmental plate 8, and with it the requisite accompanying motion of the
picking rod, and the necessary rapid propulsion of the shuttle. As regards
the "taking-up" wheel, &c., we employ a wheel or disc, having upon one or
both of its sides a series of concentric circles of check or click teeth, each circle
of teeth of course representing a different number of picks.
By this arrange-
ment (instead of, as is at present, the usual method of employing a number
of "change wheels," whereby heavy expense is incurred, and much room
occupied,) we have but to shift a click, working directly or indirectly from
the lathe sword, or any other suitable moving part of the machine or appa-
ratus, from one of the concentric circles to another, to gain any required end
to which this part of our Invention is applicable. Besides being seen in both
the Figures of Sheet 1, Fig. 1, Sheet 2 is fully illustrative of our improved
"taking-up" motion, and represents a top or plan view of the same.
the change wheel, with six concentric circles of click teeth; and 6¹ is the click
(jointed) working in them, and supported by the short shaft c¹, secured to the
framing on the shaft. c' is a slotted projecting piece d', operated upon by a
moveable arm e¹, secured to the lathe sword, from which it receives its motion.
It will be seen now that as the sword advances, the arm e advances the slotted
piece d, causing a partial revolution of the short shaft c, and a similar
advance to be given to the jointed click ', thereby pushing forward or partially
round the taking-up or concentric circled wheel or disc a². This motion is
a' is

page_text: communicated from the wheel a', through the pinion f, the carrier wheel g',
pinion h', and cog wheel g', to the vertical shaft k¹, at the upper part of
which is the bevel pinion , giving motion to the bevil wheel m³, and thence
to the "taking-up" roller n¹; but as it is necessary to secure the advance
of the "taking-up" wheel as it is made, we have placed upon the short
shaft ca second click 6, working loosely on the shaft, which retains all the
advance made by securing the "taking-up" wheel while the jointed click b¹
is preparing to take another tooth; should it be necessary to alter the number
of picks, the small set screw m¹ has but to be loosened, and the jointed click b
shifted along the short shaft c¹ to whatever concentric circle of teeth may be
found suitable. The vertical shaft , at the upper part of which is the
bevilled wheel and pinion and m', is for the purpose of and enables the
operative to wind on or slack off, as he may consider necessary and convenient.
The slide plate 2 on the breast beam enables the operative to place the bevil
pinion and wheel in and out of gear, the under plate being slotted, to allow
space for the vertical shaft to move in; the lower plate is furnished with two
holes to receive the pin o', which regulates the gearing distance. Acting with
apparatus (and seen at Fig. 1, Sheet 2,) which throws the loom out of action
when a weft thread breaks (or is otherwise absent), is a vertical lever p', which
operates upon the longitudinal rod q', the depression of which causes the
lower or second click to become elevated, and with it the upper click, by
this means allowing the operative to slack off.
In working the healds, we employ on the light longitudinal shaft k two pair
of circular discs or pullies, cast or secured together, the smaller one a², a²,
bearing a proportion to the larger ones 62, 62, of about three to four; to each
of these pullies are secured straps c*, c*, c*, c*, and these again are re-secured
to the lower laths of the healds. On the top longitudinal cross piece of the
loom framing is secured two projecting brackets d², d, carrying and having
freely working in them two pairs of bowls or pulleys e², e², similar to those
already described, and attached by similar means to the upper laths of the
healds. It will be recollected that the light longitudinal shaft k obtains its
motion from the segmental lever and straps h, h; the drum j now imparts its
reciprocating motion to the light shaft k, and thence to the healds through the
small bowls or pullies and straps, as herein-before described. Our improve-
ments relating to those portions of a power loom, known as "forks" and
"grates," for detecting the absence of the weft thread, will be found more
fully illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, Sheet 2. a³ represents the fork, the click
end and the opposite or butt end being cast in one, the forks or projecting
wires being unbent, and simply rivetted or tapped in, rendering them com-

page_text: paratively easy of repair, more economical, and in consequence of the close
proximity of the fork to the fulcrum of the lever, the fork is rendered far
more sensitive to the action of the yarn. represents the "grate," cast in
one solid piece, being cheaper in manufacture, and occupying considerable
less space than those at present employed. The method of holding and
releasing the reed is as follows:-On the interior of the "breast beam," and in
any convenient situation, we secure a small pendant fitting a', (clearly illus-
trated in Figs. 3 and 4, Sheet 2,) carrying upon it an indented picce of
metal b, projecting towards the slay. On the lathe sword arm a bent lever c¹
plays and is supported, carrying at its lower extremity a pin or stud d*, which,
as the slay sways backward and forward, traverses beneath the indented piece
of metal b. The other and upper extremity is secured to a lathe c, extending
along the back of the chase of the shuttle; the lathe e' secures the shifting
reed to its proper position, but if by any means the shuttle is stayed in or
prevented accomplishing its traverse (it being borne in mind that while the
shuttle is within the shed, the pin or stud d' is under the indentation in the
piece of metal 6), the pressure of the yarns upon the shuttle force back the
reed, and confining the lath e', in consequence of the means of obstruction being
removed, by the stud d' rising freely through the indentation of the piece of
metal &, thus accomplishing the freedom of the reed. The bent lever c* acts
upon a longitudinal bar, extending between the swords, and carrying connecting
arms therefrom to the lathe. We employ a self-acting spring bearer for
the warp, which equalizes the tension of the yarns; at the back of the loom
and on each side of the inside of the framing we employ bent levers a³, a³,
working on studs or pins secured to the framing. At the top of these bent
levers a longitudinal bar & runs, connecting and passing beneath the yarns; at
the lower ends of the bent levers springs c', c', are attached, and secured at the
opposite ends to the framing. When the yarns slacken, upon the shifting
of the healds, the springs c, c', act upon the bent levers a, a, and through
them on the connecting bar b³, causing the bar to press tightly against the
warp, and tending to elongate it; at the return of the healds the springs c³, c³,
yield, and thus the equal tension of the warp is maintained. A similar appa-
ratus may also be applied to the "winding-on" or cloth roller on the inside
of the framing, and above the "winding-on" roller we place a small pulley aº,
Figs. 1 and 2, Sheet 1, playing upon a stud secured to the framing. Over
this small pulley we allow a chain or band ° to run, the lower end of which is
secured to a spring co, at the opposite end of the chain or band. A flat hook do
is suspended, and encircles the axis of the "winding-on" roller. It will
now be readily understood, that as the cloth or fabric is wound on to the

page_text: roller, the spring will necessarily yield or give, thus keeping the fabric
always fully pressed against the drawing roller, as well as readily allowing the
removal of the "winding-on" roller from the hooks do, do, when the cloth is
fully wound upon the roller; or this may be accomplished by weighted levers,
as heretofore. The apparatus we employ connected with the "temples" for
keeping the cloth or fabric at a given stretch is as follows:-Inside the breast
plate are secured a fitting a' (Figs. 1 and 2, Sheet 1), the lower part curved,
so as not to interfere with the encreasing diameter of the "winding-on" roller;
this fitting, after descending, returns to the level of its starting, thereby forming
a spring; about half way down it is furnished with an adjusting screw 67.
c is a small piece of metal, secured by nut and screw or otherwise to a', and
to which the "temple" may be attached; by this adaptation we can readily
adjust the temple without any disturbance of the cloth, as well as ensuring
clearness and room at the lower portions of the loom. Figs. 1 and 2, Sheet 1,
shews an improved "check strap" a", which extends from one "picking-rod "
to the other, passing and travelling through eyelets beneath the slay. This
strap should be regulated to such a length, that when the shuttle has driven
one "pick" right home, the strap a connecting the picking rods shall have
advanced the other pick some slight distance into the chace of the shuttle, so
that the returning shuttle must overcome the resistance caused by the friction
of the strap passing through the eyelets, as well as forcing the opposing pick
and "picking rod" home, thereby gradually checking the velocity of the shuttle,
and lessening considerably all chance of disarranging the cop. Our improved
method of applying and regulating the friction band of the warp beam is as
follows: In Fig. 2, Sheet 1, a represents the friction band passing round the
axis of the warp beam, the band being composed of any suitable material, such
as plaitted rope, india-rubber, leather, &c. This band we secure at one end to
the framing, the other end we pass round and secure to a small pulley bº, to
which is attached a small ratchet wheel c; secured on a stud or axis, and fixed
to the framing on the ratchet wheel c, a small click d' works, by which we
regulate the friction of the band aº. Should, for instance, the band require
tightening, we take up two or three teeth of the ratchet wheel, and thereby
effect the desired end; should it require slacking, we release two or three
teeth. In Sheet 3 is illustrated by several Figures various methods of simpli-
fying, economising, and strengthening some of the different motions before
described, the whole of which, in many cases, it may be preferable to adapt.
First, as regards the "picking motion," in lieu of the straight lever f (Fig. 1,
Sheet 1). It will be seen, by reference to Fig. 1, Sheet 3, that by the employ-
ment of a bent lever a, having its fulcrum in the centre, a balance of action

page_text: is insured and great steadiness of action.
We likewise simplify the picking
motion, before described, by using, in lieu of the jointed vertical bars m and n
(Fig. 2, Sheet 1), a vertical rod or bar 610, carrying the pin *, by which is
attained simplicity and economy of construction, as well as a more direct
action. The fitting clo, shewn in Figs. 1 and 2, Sheet 3, is likewise of con-
siderable importance, as far as regards the attainment of strength, steadiness
of action, and ready adjustibility. It is composed of one casting and secured
to the framing; the one end forms a box for the axis of the small wheel c
(Fig. 1, Sheet 1), the other end is furnished with a slotted indentation, which
receives and allows the adjustment of the slide piece do, carrying at its
end the vertically slotted piece e", which forms the guide for the pin f¹º,
corresponding with the pin o (Fig. 1 and 2, Sheet 1). The still further
simplification of this motion is attained by the adaptation of a simple
vertical shaft to, mounted in front of the sword, and on which is secured a
bent piece of metal ut, to which the "picking" strap is rivetted, seen more
distinctly and in perspective at Fig. 7*, Sheet 3; this vertical shaft carries
the pin, which is opposed alternately to the pin 610*. We will here
generally re-describe the "picking motion"; the diagrams Fig. 2 will readily
assist its being clearly understood. On each side of the loom are two picking
pins or studs; one pin is fastened to the top of a vertical shaft which is ad-
justed to the lathe sword; at the bottom of the shaft is fixed a picking cam,
to which is fastened a strap which is connected to the picking stick.
lathe moves backwards, the pin at the top of the shaft comes in contact with
another pin, which is adjusted to the loom frame, and there made firm while
the pick is being effected. The two picking pins are so arranged that they
quit" each other as soon as the crank has passed the bottom centre, by which
means the shuttle is made to pass across the lathe more quickly. The bottom
diagram of Fig. 2, Sheet 3, represents the two picking points, pins, or studs
at the moment of starting for picking; the middle diagram represents the
position of the two pins at the moment when the shuttle is delivered; and
the upper diagram illustrates the position the pins assume when the lathe is at
the back. This "picking motion" has been described previously, and reference
made to the accompanying Drawings; but the same effect may be produced by
reversing the motion, and allowing the partial rotary pin to be attached to the
framing, while the opposing pin may be attached to the sword arm. The
motion may be obtained in the following manner:-Fasten one picking pin
or stud near to the crank arm pin; place a vertical shaft to the loom side,
with a pin or stud near the top, and a picking cam at the bottom; let the
shaft work in two sockets, one at the top and the other at the bottom, the
"
As the

page_text: vertical shaft to rise and fall by means of a jointed lever, acted upon by an
excentric on the heald shaft, so as to cause the loom to pick alternately. With
this arrangement, the picking pins or studs would assume the several positions
as illustrated by the diagrams at Fig. 2b, Sheet 3, under the same circum-
stances as described for the diagrams of Fig. 2, Sheet 3. Fig. 2c, Sheet 3,
represents a quadrant and pinion which may be used in lieu of the bent lever,
segmental plate, and straps, a¹, Fig. 2, Sheet 3. Fig. 3, Sheet 3, represents
another stronger and simpler method of releasing the reed, and is a top or plan
view. Fig. (Sheet 3) is a side elevation of the same; in lieu of employing
the pendant a', (Fig. 2, Sheet 1, and Fig. 4, Sheet 2,) a projecting piece 910 is
cast with and on the side framing of the breast beam (Fig. 3 being a plan,
and Fig. 4, a side elevation of the same, Sheet 3); and on this may be ad-
justed and secured with extreme firmness the indented piece h, being appli-
cable to the same service as the indented piece of metal (Figs. 3 and 4,
Sheet 2), as previously described. Fig. 5 (Sheet 3) is a side elevation, and
Fig. 6 a front view, of a second mode by which we effect the regulation of
the "friction band of the warp beam," in lieu of employing a ratchet wheel and
click, as before described. Two collars, 10 and 10, are secured to the side
framing of the loom for the vertical shaft 10 to revolve in. The upper part of
this shaft carries a hand wheel m¹, and on the lower part is turned a screw n¹º,
which works into a female screw o10; to this female screw is attached on one
side a stud 1, working in the guide slot q. On the opposite side of the female
screw is a projecting finger r10, round which one end of the friction band of
the warp beam is secured; the other end of the band is retained by a pro-
jecting finger, fixed to the side of the framing s10. It will now be seen that
by the aid of the hand wheel the female screw 010 may be elevated or de-
pressed at will, and by this means the tension of the friction band regulated.
Fig. 7, Sheet 3, represents the "picking rod"; by the adaptation of such a
picking rod much present inconvenience is remedied. It will be observed, on
reference to the Drawing, that the picking rod is not in this case jointed,
as shewn in Sheet 1; the effect of which is, that the radius of the rod being
longer than if jointed, as before shewn and described, that part of the
picking rod which impels the picker makes a more extended segment of a
circle, thereby having less tendency to tilt and throw out the shuttle.
Another advantage of this arrangement is its economy, the mechanism of
jointing being rendered unnecessary.
Having now particularly described the nature of our Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed and put into practical effect,
we wish it to be distinctly understood that we claim,―

page_text: First, the novel and general arrangement or construction of power looms
as herein particularly described and set forth, and fully illustrated in the
accompanying Drawings; and more particularly,
Secondly, the "picking motion," effected by the double motion attached to
the cross pins or studs, and operating upon the picking rod.
Thirdly, the application, employment, and use of a quadrant and pinion,
or segmental plate and straps, working vertically and reciprocally, and
driven by appropriate gearing from the crank shaft, and imparting motion to
the healds as well as to the opposing cross pin of the "picking motion."
Fourthly, the arrangement, application, employment, and use of a "taking-
up" wheel or disc, having on its side or sides a series of concentric circles
of catch teeth, either worked horizontally or vertically, (the former of which
is only shewn in the accompanying Drawings,) by which we are enabled to
dispense with the use of "change wheels," as well as the peculiar arrange-
ment of apparatus or mechanism for working the same; including the ver-
tical shaft and bevilled gear, in connection with the winding-on or cloth
roller, and "slacking rod" for lifting the clicks of the taking-up wheel.
Fifthly, the peculiar construction of the "forks" and "grates," as well as
the method described of working the "fork click" from an excentric on the
boss of the large spur wheel.
Sixthly, the methods described of holding and releasing the reed, and also
"of a self-acting spring bearer for the warp."
Seventhly, the novel application and use of a check strap, for the purpose
of connecting one picking rod with the other.
And, lastly, the employment, application, and use of a click and click
wheel, for the adjustment of the friction band of the warp beam roller, as
well as the employment of a screw and female screw for the same purpose,
all of which above described motions and arrangements, constituting our
improvements in power looms for weaving, are herein particularly described
and set forth, and fully illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Todd, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twelfth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
WILLIAM TODD. (L.S.)