IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING CERTAIN MATERIALS EMPLOYED IN PRINTING GAMBAR BARDING AND VARNA.
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Albert Gatty, of Accrington, in the
County of Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemist, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING CERTAIN MATERIALS EMPLOYED IN PRINTING
GAMBAR BARDING AND VARNA.
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Albert Gatty
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
. the 13th January 1875.
"
I, FREDERICK ALBERT GATTY, of Accrington, in the County of
Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING CERTAIN MATERIALS
EMPLOYED IN PRINTING AND DYEING COTTON FABRICS AND YARNS," to be as
follows:-
1

page_text: In using ordinary soap for this purpose I make a solution of the same
in water, of any convenient strength, and add chloride of lime until the
whole of the fatty acid is precipitated; the resulting lime soap is then
collected on a filter or otherwise, and is treated with an acid, by
preference muriatic acid, in order to remove the lime and set the
oxidised fatty acid at liberty, which is then washed with water.
For oxidising fatty acids derived from other sources than soap I
dissolve the same in an alkali, such as soda, potash, or ammonia, and
treat the solution in the same way as the solution of soap described
above.
I apply the resulting oxidised fatty acids in lieu of oil or the fatty
acids hitherto employed in dyeing Turkey reds and other colours of
which the base or mordant is alumina.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Frederick Albert Gatty in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 9th July 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
ALBERT GATTY, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, Manu-
facturing Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of January, in
the year of our Lord Ono thousand eight hundred and seventy-five,
in the thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs
and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Frederick Albert Gatty,
Her special licence that I, the said Frederick Albert Gatty, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Frederick Albert
Gatty, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any timo
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
usc, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING CERTAIN MATERIALS EMPLOYED IN PRINTING
AND DYEING COTTON FABRICS AND YARNS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Frederick Albert Gatty, my executors

page_text: After all the lime has been dissolved and the oxidised fatty acid set
at liberty the latter is washed with water until all the limo salt has been
removed, either on a filter or by withdrawing the liquid from below the
fatty acid, according to the consistence of the latter.
In treating fatty acids derived from other sources than soap it is
sufficient to add a certain quantity of an alkali to water in order to make
the fatty acid mix with the water or dissolve in it. I uso from fifteen
to twenty pounds of caustic soda of 70 degrees of Twaddel's bydrometer
or their equivalent of ammonia, potash, or their carbonates for every
hundredweight of fatty acid. I boil the fatty acid with the alkali until
all the solid particles have disappeared, and then proceed in the same
way as when soap is used.
Fatty acids, which are of liquid nature, will mix with chloride of lime
without the intervention of an alkali, but in this case the oxidation is
not so perfect, and I prefer to dissolve the fatty acid in an alkali, and
proceed as described above.
I apply the fatty acids prepared by my Invention in lieu of oil, or the
fatty acids hitherto employed in the different processes of dycing and
printing Turkey reds and other colours on cotton fabrics and yarns, in
which fatty acids are combined with alumina, as is well understood by
dyers and printers.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
in which I perform the same, I would have it understood that I do not
confine myself to the exact proportions named above, as these may bo
varied without affecting the results, but what I do claim as my
Invention is, oxidising fatty acids with clorido of lime for the purpose
of combining the same with aluminous mordants.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Albert Gatty, have hereto
set my hand and seal, this Eighth day of July, One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-five.