Improvements in Structural Arrangements in a Manner Applicable to Roofing, Walling, and the like Structural Purposes.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Feb., 1899
Complete Specification Left. 25th Oct.. 1899-Accepted. 27th Jan. 1900
Date of Application, 2nd Feb., 1899
Complete Specification Left. 25th Oct.. 1899-Accepted. 27th Jan. 1900
PROVIDIONAL DILUIFICATION.
Improvements in Structural Arrangements in a Manner Applicable
to Roofing, Walling, and the like Structural Purposes.
I, EDWARD LLOYD PEASE, of The Parkfield Works, Stockton-on-Tees, in the
County of Durham, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
-
This invention comprises certain improvements and novel features which.are
applicable to the roofing, walling, and the like coverings as applied to structural
purposes of the kind described in the Specification of the Letters Patent granted
to me No. 21,331 of 1896, the construction being applicable to the formation
of huts, arcades, railway and cattle sheds, or covered in structures generally.
The object and result of my present invention is to secure in respect of the
roof or wall covering greater simplicity of construction and cheaper productions
by which beams of wood and straw panels or other panels may be substi-
tuted for the slotted tubes and angle sirips or inset Hanges hitherto used. Fur-
thermore I effect a more rigid connection between the main bearers and the
strawboard panels locked into them whereby greater strength and rigidity is
imparted to the structure as a whole; the construction admitting of the parts
being fitted together without the employment of nails, screws or rivets, and
when fitted together can be easily taken to pieces.
In carrying my invention into effect instead of the slotted tube I provide a
main beam or bearer preferably of wood which is grooved or recessed on either
side for the reception of the edges of the strawboard panels and of a narrow
wood tongue running the full length of the panel near the edge and nailed
thereon. This tongue fits into a corresponding recess cut into the underside of
the head of the bearer so that a wedge driven into the recess underneath the
edge of the panel securely jams it in position in the bearer. Stretchers extend
between the bearers in contact with the strawboard panels and are formed with
shoulders on their ends which are inserted in the same slot or recess as the ends
of the panels so that when the wedge is driven in, the stretcher shoulders itself
in the bearer and cannot be withdrawn therefrom. The panel is first put in
position in the bearer and then the stretcher, the whole being interlocked by
the insertion of the wedge which abuts against the shoulder of the stretcher.
In the case of a roof construction should rain water collect in the crevices
formed between the bearer and the panel, the water would have to percolate and
rise above the wood tongue nailed on the panel before entering the building,
thus affording double security as a water-proof structure.
. The bearer may be duplicated to take in a double panelled arrangement in
which case the bearer is enlarged in sectional area and furnished with other
similar slots or recesses as already described for the insertion of another panel
and stretcher, the whole being interlocked by wedges.
I do not limit myself to the use of pulp-board panels. These may be of steel
in which case the construction is a 1 shaped wedge jamming web upwards against

page_text: an upturned edge of the panel within an undercut recess in the upper flange of
the timber.
Dated this 1st day of February 1899.
G. J. CLARKSON,
Chartered Patent Agent, Stockton-on-Tees and Hull,
Agent for the Applicant.
Improvements in Structural Arrangements in a Manner Applicable
to Roofing, Walling, and the like Structural Purposes.
I, EDWARD LLOYD PEASE, of The Parkfield Works, Stockton-on-Tees, in the
County of Durham, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
⚫ and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention comprises certain improvements and novel features which are
applicable to the roofing, walling and the like coverings as applied to structural
purposes of the kind described in the Specification of the Letters Patent granted
to me No. 21,331 of 1896; the construction being applicable to the formation
of huts, arcades, railway. and cattle sheds, or covered in structures generally.
The object and result of my present invention is to secure in respect of the
roof or wall covering greater simplicity of construction and cheaper production
by which beams of wood and strawboard panels or other panels may be substi-
tuted for the slotted tubes and angle strips or inset flanges hitherto used. Fur-
thermore I effect a more rigid connection between the main bearers and the
panels locked into them whereby greater strength and rigidity is imparted to
the structure as a whole; the construction admitting of the parts being fitted
together without the employment of nails, screws or rivets, and when fitted
together can be easily taken to pieces.
To this end I adopt the construction represented in the accompanying drawings
which show the embodiment of my invention in a variety of forms to which might
be added others without departing from the scope of my invention. The forms
shown are deemed sufficient to enable my invention and its practical utilization
to be fully understood.
In the drawings, Fig. 1 illustrates in transverse section a construction specially
adapted to the roof or wall covering of a building, and Fig. 2 is a similar view to
Fig. 1 shewing the bearer with the recesses duplicated to take in a two tier
arrangement of panels. Fig. 3 illustrates an adaptation of the interlocking
arrangement for steel panels having the edge turned up. Fig. 4 illustrates a
modification of this when the panel is thick enough to insert a strip edgewise into
a saw cut; and Fig. 5 is a similar view shewing the like connec-.
tion when the panel is too thin to take a saw cut for this purpose.
Fig. 5a illustrates a modification of Figs. 4 and 5 in which
walling board is furnished with spikes or staples driven in the
thereof to engage with the metal strip instead of a saw cut in the plank. Fig. 6
illustrates in transverse section a wall or roof construction in which a corrugated
or plain sheet cover is carried on a bearer locked into the main beam; and Fig. 7
illustrates the beam covered with sheet iron or steel. Fig. 8 is a view similar to
Fig. 6, illustrating the panel with a felt covering, and Fig. 9 is a corresponding
transverse view to Figs. 6 and 8, shewing the making up between the cross
bearers when spaced apart to carry the sheet or felt covering. Fig. 10 illustrates
the
end

page_text: in transverse section a construction in which a double wall is required to save
cutting out part of the bearer and to enable the same length of plank to be
inserted in both walls.
In Fig. 1 the main beam or bearer a is preferably of wood which is grooved or
recessed on either side for the reception of the edges of the strawboard or other
panels band of a narrow wood or metal tongue 6¹ running the full length of the
panel near the edge and nailed thereon. This tongue fits into a corresponding
inverted groove cut into the underside of the head or top flanges of the bearer
so that a wedge c driven in between the panel edge and bottom flange of the
bearer securely jams the panel in position between the flanges of the bearer as
shown. Stretchers d extend transversely between the bearers in contact with
the strawboard or other panels and are formed with tongues on their ends which
are inserted as shown in Fig. 2 into the same recess as the ends of the panels and
in the same manner as the wedges e so that the stretcher jams itself in the bearer
and cannot be withdrawn therefrom. The panel is first put in position in the
bearer and then the stretcher is wedged in by its tongues the interlocking being
completed by the insertion of the wedges c. In the case of a roof construction
should rain water collect in the crevices formed between the bearer and the
panel, the water would have to percolate and rise above the wood tongue b' nailed
on the panel before entering the building, thus affording additional security as a
water-proof structure.
As illustrated in Fig. 2 the recesses of the bearers a may be duplicated to take
in a double panelled arrangement in which case the bearer is enlarged in sec-
tional area to accomodate the additional slots or recesses as already described
with reference to Fig. 1 for the insertion of other panels and stretchers, the
whole being interlocked by wedges c.
I do not limit myself to the use of pulp board panels. These may be of steel
as shown in Fig. 3, in which case the construction is a wedge c jamming against
an upturned edge of the panel b within an undercut recess a¹ in the upper flange
of the timber bearer a.
Fig. 4 illustrates a modification of this in the case of a roof or wall construc-
tion in which the panel b is thick enough to take a saw cut. The underside of
the flange of this beam or post and the upper surface of the panel are both saw
cut to receive the narrow metal strip e which is inserted edgewise the full length
of the panel so that a wedge e driven in between the underside of the panel edge
and the bottom flange of the bearer securely jams the panel in position between
the flanges of the bearer, the whole being interlocked by the metal strip e and
the wedge c.
In the case of the panel being composed of material too thin to take a saw
cut as shown in Fig. 5 and not adapted to have the edge turned up as in Fig. 3,
the wood strip b¹ is nailed on the panel 6 and inserted in the recess in the beam a.
In this case the beam only is saw cut to receive the strip of metal e which extends
the full length of the panel in contact with the wood strip b₁ so that the whole is
interlocked by the wedge c. The space formed between the panel and the under-
side of the beam may be suitably caulked with lead wire f to make the joint
weather tight. In Fig. 5a the walling board b is furnished with spikes or
staples f driven in the end thereof to engage with the metal strip e thus dis-
pensing with the saw cut in the plank.
Fig. 6 illustrates a wall or roof construction in which bars bare spaced apart
to form bearers to the corrugated sheet cover 9 having its edges jammed in
between the main beam a and the bearer b, the whole being interlocked as before
by the metal strip e and wedge c or if preferred a plain sheet cover may take
the place of the corrugated one, and the bearer a may be covered with a metal
sheet for further protection as shown in Fig. 7. Fig. 8 illustrates a similar
form of construction to Fig. 6 in which the bearers b are spaced apart
and protected by a felt cover having its outer edges jammed between
the bearer and the panel 6 as before. Fig. 9 is a sectional view corresponding

page_text: to Figs. 6 and 8 taken transversely between the bearers so spaced apart to carry
the sheet or felt covering, in which j is a distance piece having its upper sur-
face saw cut to correspond with the bearers bb. to receive the metal strip e: This
distance piece and the ends of the bearers are placed in the recess of the main
beam a and jammed up tight by the wedge c.
In Fig. 10 the recesses of the main beam or bearer. a are duplicated.to. take
in a double panelled arrangement or double wall b b in which the strip of
steel e¹ is nailed to the bearer. This saves cutting out the part of the bearer
indicated by dotted lines, and enables the same length of plank to be inserted
in both walls.
الاد
For conciseness of language and to avoid unnecessary enumeration of parts I
wish it to be understood that the term "panel" as employed in the claim is
intended to include all the other covering devices and their equivalents as here-
inbefore referred to as serving the like purpose in describing the practical utili-
zation of my invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
In roofs, walls and the like structural work the use in substitution of slotted
tubes and panels interlocked therewith by inset flanges, of beams or bearers
recessed between upper and lower flanges for the reception of the panel edge
which is interlocked tongue and groove fashion into the upper flange of the
said beam or bearer by wedges, and the wedge shaped ends of stiffeners, whether
in single or double tier arrangement, substantially as described and illustrated
in certain modifications by way of example in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 24th day of October 1899.
G. J. CLARKSON,
Chartered Patent Agent, Stockton-on-Tees and Hull,
Agent for the Applicant.