Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 4th May, 1887
Complete Left, 6th Feb., 1888
Complete Accepted, 16th Mar., 1888
I JOHN CLAYTON MEWBURN of 169 Fleet Street, in the City of London, Fellow
of the Institute of Patent Agents do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
This invention has reference to lamps for burning oil or other liquids and more
particularly to lamps for use in explosive atmospheres.
The objects of the improvements are to increase the lighting power, to regulate
mathematically the consumption of oil by maintaining by means of pneumatic pressure
a perfect level of oil during combustion, to dispense with all mechanical arrangements
for periodically pumping up or raising the oil, and to obviate all liability to explosion
when the lamps are used in an explosive atmosphere.
The improvements mainly consist in the employment of a pneumatic reservoir in
communication or connection with the wick tube whereby without any mechanism a
constant level of oil in the said tube is maintained; and in an arrangement of pipes
or passages whereby the air enters the lamp from above and is conducted partly
through the centre of the wick to the burner and partly outside the same to the
flame.
In a lamp in which my improvements are embodied there is an annular air inlet
chamber concentric with and external to the lamp cone; to the upper part of this
chamber are connected the lower ends of vertical or approximately vertical pipes
whose upper ends are open to the air or atmosphere. Within the said chamber
is a partition of wire gauze or perforated metal and at the lower part of the chamber
are apertures through which the air from the chamber passes to the lower part
of a space comprised between the wick tube and a directing cone; from this space
openings lead to the interior of the wick tube. The result of this arrangement is that
the air passes down the vertical pipes to the annular chamber and thence to the space
between the wick tube and cone; a portion of it then passes to to the inside of the

page_text: wick tube and flows up the centre of the wick to the burner while the remainder
is conducted by the cone to the outside of the flame. Between the cone and the
annular air chamber is a glass which is surmounted by one or more wire gauze
or perforated cylinders and these are surrounded by a protecting cylinder having holes
at the upper part. If desired a second glass concentric with the first may be
employed and in this case the air can be allowed to pass down the space between them
to the annular chamber and the vertical pipes before described can be dispensed with.
The space between the two glasses would be covered by wire gauze or perforated
metal. The lamp is recuperative seeing that the air becomes heated before it reaches
the flame or burner; the lighting power in proportion to the oil consumed is
considerably increased and perfect safety is ensured. The wick is fitted with any
ordinary mechanism for raising and lowering it.
The oil reservoir is at one side of the lamp and is preferably in the form of a sector;
its concave inner face may serve as a reflector. It extends upwards to a higher level
than the top of the wick tube. and its lower end is in communication with the wick
tube. Through its closed top is inserted a tube open at both ends by means of which
the oil in the wick tube is maintained at a constant level; it is sufficient in order
to fix this level once for all at some millimetres from the flame to have the tube in the
reservoir of such length that its lower end corresponds with the given level. With
this arrangement when the oil level tends to fall in the wick tube one or more
air bubbles from the open tube enter the reservoir and rise to the top of same and
reestablish the pressure.

page_text: атруешению и нашро 10г During оn от общег луитив.
A communication from abroad by FELIX DANIEL CAMBESSÉDÈS, of Douai, Nord,
France, Engineer.
I JOHN CLAYTON MEWBURN, of 169 Fleet Street, in the City of London, Fellow of
the Institute of Patent Agents do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention has reference to lamps for burning oil or other liquids and more
particularly to lamps for use in explosive atmospheres.
The objects of the improvements are to increase the lighting power, to regulate
mathematically the consumption of oil by maintaining by means of pneumatic pressure
a perfect level of oil during combustion, to dispense with all mechanical arrangements
for periodically pumping up or raising the oil, and to obviate all liability to explosion
when the lamps are used in an explosive atmosphere.
The improvements mainly consist in the employment of a pneumatic reservoir
in communication or connection with the wick tube whereby without any mechanism
a constant level of oil in the said tube is maintained; and in an arrangement of pipes
or passages whereby the air enters the lamp from above and is conducted partly
through the centre of the wick to the burner and partly outside the same to the
flame.
:-
I will proceed to describe a lamp in which these improvements are embodied
There is an annular air inlet chamber concentric with and external to the lamp cone;
to the upper part of this chamber are connected the lower ends of vertical or
approximately vertical pipes whose upper ends are open to the air or atmosphere.
Within the said chamber is a partition of wire gauze or perforated metal and at the
lower part of the chamber are apertures through which the air from the chamber
passes to the lower part of a space comprised between the wick tube and a directing
cone; from this space openings lead to the interior of the wick tube. The result of
this arrangement is that the air passes down the vertical pipes to the annular
chamber and thence to the space between the wick tube and cone; a portion of
it then passes to the inside of the wick tube and flows up the centre of the wick to the
burner while the remainder is conducted by the cone to the outside of the flame.
Between the cone and the annular air chamber is a glass which is surmounted by one
or more wire gauze or perforated cylinders and these are surrounded by a protecting
cylinder having holes at the upper part. If desired a second glass concentric with
the first may be employed and in this case the air can be allowed to pass down
the space between them to the annular chamber, and the vertical pipes before
described can be dispensed with. The space between the two glasses would bo
covered by wire gauze or perforated metal. The lamp is recuperative seeing that the

page_text: air becomes heated before it reaches the flame or burner; the lighting power
in proportion to the oil consumed is considerably increased and perfect safety is
ensured. The wick is fitted with any ordinary mechanism for raising and lowering it.
The oil reservoir is at one side of the lamp and is preferably in the form of a sector:
its concave inner face may serve as a reflector. It extends upwards to a higher level
than the top of the wick tube and its lower part is in communication with the wick
tube. Through its closed top is inserted a tube open at both ends by means of
which the oil in the wick tube is maintained at a constant level; it is sufficient
in order to fix this level once for all at a few millimetres from the flame to have the
tube in the reservoir of such length that its lower end corresponds with the given
level. With this arrangement when the oil level tends to fall in the wick tube one or
more air bubbles from the open tube enter the reservoir and rise to the top of same
and reestablish the pressure.
Figure 1 of the annexed drawings is a vertical section of a lamp constructed
in accordance with this invention. Figure 2 is a similar section on
a smaller
scale but shewing the wire gauze or perforated cylinder F and the outer protecting
cylinder G which are omitted in Figure 1. M, N represent the annular air
inlet chamber hereinbefore described which is concentric with and external
to the lamp cone. P, P, are approximately vertical pipes whose lower ends are
connected to the chamber M, N while the upper ends are open to the air. In the
chamber M, N is a partition a, a of wire gauze or perforated metal and at the lower
part are apertures M N through which the air from the said chamber passes to the
lower part of a space R, S comprised between the wick tube and a directing cone 0, 0.
From this space openings B lead to the interior of the wick tube. It will readily be
understood that the air passes down the pipes P, P to the chamber M, N and thence to
the space RS ; a portion of it then passes through the openings B to the interior of
the wick tube and flows up the centre of the wick to the burner while the remainder
is directed by the cone O to the outside of the flame. T is a glass between the cone O
and the chamber M, N. Above this glass is a cylinder F (Figure 2) of wire gauze
or perforated metal and around this is a protecting cylinder G having holes ffat its
upper part. K is the oil reservoir; it is preferably in the form of a sector as
indicated in the diagrammatic plan Figure 5 and its concave inner face may serve as
a reflector. The reservoir extends upwards to a higher level than the top of the wick
tube and its lower part is in communication with the wick tube as clearly seen in the
figures. Its top is closed and through this top is inserted a tube I open at both ends
by means of which the oil in the wick tube is maintained at a constant level, that is to
say, at the level of the bottom open end of the tube I; this level will be at a suitable
distance from the flame. y is a device for raising and lowering the wick, it is actuated
by means of an ordinary rack and pinion and a rod e. Some liquids such as petroleum
may be placed in the reservoir Ū at the bottom of the lamp instead of in the
reservoir K.
Figure 3 represents a lamp in which there is a second glass T¹ (as hereinbefore
described) around the glass T, and in this case the air to the chamber M, N passes
down the space between the two glasses, the pipes P (Figure 1) being dispensed with.
The top of this space is covered with wire gauze or perforated metal U¹.
Figure 4 represents another form of lamp with a pneumatic reservoir constructed
as before described; the air in this lamp is shown as entering by the bottom but
it may be arranged for it to flow down vertical passages; as in the previous arrange-
ment some of it passes through openings B into the inside of the wick tube and the
rest is conducted by the cone O to the outside of the burner.
Figures 6 and 7 represent another form of lamp constructed according to this
invention. In this modification the pneumatic reservoir K is cylindrical with a
downward extension L. This extension is continued by the tube 00' which conducts
the oil to the wick tube. The extension L and tube are hermetically connected
together by a screw collar T, and a little solder may be applied at the part marked X.
Zis the air tube corresponding with the tube marked I in the previous figures. The oil
is supplied to the reservoir through an inlet fitted with a screw stopper S. Instead

page_text: of the cylinder G Figure 1 there are uprights G¹ connected at top by a cap or piece E.
The ring N N (which is best seen in the horizontal section Figure 7) receives the
upper ends of the vertical tubes P which supply the air chamber M' M₁ and has also
openings f, for breaking violent currents of air and thus avoiding any liability
of the lamp being extinguished from this cause. H is a chimney with horizontal
diaphragm h, y an inner gauze chimney and a a wire cylinder.
Figure 8 represents another modification in which the air before reaching the
pipes P P which conduct it to the air chamber has to pass through a gauze or
perforated metal cone Q which also protects the outlet from the lamp. Further
protection at the outlet can be provided by one or more gauze or perforated metal
covers U.
Figures 9 and 10 represent another modification. Here the wire gauze partition a, a
is at the upper part of the air supply pipes P, P instead of at the lower part as in the
modifications previously described and some of these pipes are shown as passing down
through the oil reservoir.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me, I declare
that what I claim, in respect of lamps for burning oil or other liquids, is :-
:―
1. An oil or liquid reservoir, the upper part of which is above the level of the top
of the wick tube and its lower part in communication with the wick tube, the said
reservoir being fitted with an air tube open at both ends, its lower end being adjusted
to the desired level of the liquid in the wick tube, whereby a constant level of liquid
in the wick tube is maintained, substantially as hereinbefore described.
2. In a lamp, one or more vertical or approximately vertical pipes or passages for
the supply of air, such supply being guarded by wire gauze or analogous material and
being conducted partly through the centre of the wick to the burner and partly
outside the wick tube to the flame, substantially as hereinbefore described.
3. The several arrangements of lamp herein before described with reference to the
annexed drawings.
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