IMPROVEMENTS IN CANDLE HOLDERS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Smith, of 29, Henrietta Street, Covent
.
Garden, in the County of Middlesex, Electro-plater, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CANDLE HOLDERS."
Sealed the 10th February 1874, and dated the 29th November 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th November 1873.
I, HENRY SMITH, of 29, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, in the
County of Middlesex, Electro-plater, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CANDLE HOLDERS," to be as
follows:-
The improvements embrace the construction of candle holders with
two or more jaws or principal members or parts, each with a hinge or
fulcrum or equivalent (for hinge or fulcrum) at the lower end, serving
permanently or temporarily so to hold the said jaws together, or on
which these may so turn that they (wholly) or their upper ends may

page_text: close and span or approach and diverge from each other by such turning
movement. When caused to approach each other they will grip or hold
the end of a candle if placed in between them, and when caused to
diverge the candle may be removed.
It will be convenient that the said jaws should be made each to girt
or embrace a portion of the complete circumference of the candle, and
sometimes that one or more of all of them should be provided with
toothings, serrations, flutings, spikes, plates, knife edges, or equivalents
of any convenient description for the more firmly fixing the candle,
whether by simple pressure against it or by piercing into its substance.
As applied to a candle, and before being. completely or firmly closed or
pressed against it, the jaws will or may present a tapering or inclined
external surface, so that on placing them in an ordinary candlestick
socket of suitable size and pressing them down they will be made to
further approach each other and perhaps to become completely closed,
in either case holding and fixing the candle as above described; or such
closing effect is sometimes produced by hand pressure before insertion
into the candlestick socket; or instead of an ordinary candlestick socket
the improved holders are sometimes provided with a tapering or non-
tapering tube or belting piece sliding or non-sliding, into or against
which they may be placed and pressed for closing the jaws. On removal
from the ordinary candlestick socket or from the belting piece the jaws
may be turned on the hinge when their divergence will allow the candle
to be removed.
A modification of the construction above described embraces the
employment of two or more springs instead of jaws or principal
members, the said springs being carried or supported at their lower ends.
by a candlestick or by a nozzle, and their upper ends carrying spikes or
toothed projections (or equivalents) for pressing against or piercing into
a candle when the upper ends are compressed or made to approach each
other, by the holder being inserted into a candlestick, socket, or belting
piece, or by means of an external sliding ring, or by any other equivalent
or convenient means.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Smith in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 28th May 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
SMITH, of 29, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, in the County of.
Middlesex, Electro-plater, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent, Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Henry Smith, Her special licence
that I, the said Henry Smith, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Henry Smith, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thercafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CANDLE HOLDERS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Henry Smith,
my exccutors or administrators, by an instrument in writing, under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
1
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Smith, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
The improvements consist in the construction of candle holders with
two or more grippers, jaws, or principal members or parts, each with a
hinge or fulcrum or equivalent (for hinge or fulcrum) at the lower part,
serving permanently or temporally so to hold the said grippers or jaws
together, or on which these may so turn that they (wholly) or their
upper ends may close and open or approach and diverge from each other

page_text: Figure 1 is an external elevation; Figure 2, a vertical section; and

page_text: Figure 6 is an external elevation of the holder-as placed within` the
nozzle or upper part of an ordinary candlestick, as represented in section,
this Figure shewing the convergence of the spring grippers caused by
being so placed.
The metal to be used for the holders may be brass or tinned plate, or
of any convenient "description, the springs being preferably of steel.
a is the tubular body of the holder; b, an ordinary spreading grease
catcher thereto; and c, c, c, three spring grippers (this number. I prefer).
secured by rivetting, soldering, or brazing (one or more of these) to the
bottom and on the outside or sides of the tube α, their upper ends being
represented in the illustration given as bent and cut or formed each into
two or more points or spikes for pressing against and into the substance
of a candle, the tube having openings therein through which these may
pass.
Figure 7 shews in external elevation a belting piece or tube m applied
to close the spring grippers, which will be convenient when it is desired
to fix candles in the holders before placing them in candlesticks, as for
instance in hanging chandeliers or where access to the chandeliers is
difficult or inconvenient.
Figure 8 is a vertical section of the belting piece m, and Figure 9 a
horizontal section of the same taken at X. It is intended to be remove-
able, but may be made to slide on the tube a without becoming
disconnected. A wire ring may be substituted if preferred.
The remaining Figures explain another method of securing the spring
5 grippers to the tubular body of the holder, the several grippers being in
one piece of metal (punched or stamped and) bent up into the required
form and held in place by parts of the lower edges of the tubular body
being bent round or so as to overlap and clip the one piece forming the
grippers.
Figure 10 shews vertical section of lower part of holder.
Figure 11, perspective sketch of the grippers.
Figure 12, plan view of under side of holder; and Figure 13, vertical
section of lower part of holder before the clipping edges of the tubular
3 body are bent or overlanned upon the disc plate of the grinners.
In

page_text: c denotes the spring grippers, and c* the uniting piece or disc plate
(above referred to) in one piece with and connecting them together.
It is to be understood that any other convenient method of securing
the spring grippers to the tubular body of the holder may be substi-
tuted.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Smith, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of May, in the year of
· our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.