Improvements in the Application of Artificial Fuel.
Year: 1896

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Application of Artificial Fuel.
I, CHARLES WEYGANG of "Edneys," West Wellow, near Romsey, Hampshire
Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object the application of artificial fuel in a manner to
combine great efficiency with economy and safety, and I apply this method more
particularly to the petroleum preparations as are described in my Specifications
No. 3025/94-No. 19243/95 and No. 23997/95, that is mineral oil in a miscible
form and mixed with more or less water, or such similar aqueous mixtures of oils.
Such a preparation I apply, in one way, by spraying into the furnace upon an
incandescent layer and preferably atomized by a steam jet and in combination with a
strong current of air, and I obtain this effect, for instance, by means of the apparatus
described in the Specification of Robert Gregory No. 3988/93; or by means of such
similar contrivance.
By an alternative method I first heat the oil mixture, for instance by passing it
through the furnace in pipes, or in any other convenient way, and causing it to issue
in a vaporous or gaseous form into the furnace.
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FX1000
CHARLES WEYGANG.
I, CHARLES WEYGANG, of "Edneys" West Wellow near Romsey, Hampshire,
Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
saine is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
This invention has for its object the application of artificial fuel in a manner to
combine great efficiency with simplicity and economy and safety; and I apply this
method more particularly to the petroleum preparations, described in my
Specifications Nos. 3025/94, 19243/95, and others, that is to say mineral oils in a
miscible or soluble form and mixed or combined with more or less water at different
stages; or such similar aqueous mixtures of oils.
My invention relates to the use of aqueous compounds of mineral oils such as
those above indicated and the method or methods of applying the same.
A useful method consists in causing the liquid fuel to issue from a nozzle, by
means of any conveniently applicable force, in the form of a fine spray over or upon
an incandescent surface,

page_text: I can produce this result, for instance, by means of an apparatus similar to that
described in the Specification of Robert Gregory'No. 3988 of 1893, but altered, and
improved as hereinafter described and indicated in the drawings for the requirements
of this purpose.
By an alternative method, which is, however, not so generally or readily applicable,
I gasify the aqueous oil mixture by passing it through a closed receptacle partly or
wholly heated to incandescence, thus causing it to issue from a nozzle in a gaseous
form..
The water may be combined with the oleaginous preparation at different stages
and in varying proportions, according to the intensity of the heat in the furnace,
and other circumstances;.it being understood that the larger the percentage of
combined water, the more refractory the fuel will be, and the greater the heat
required for its decomposition and combustion.
It is therefore more advantageous to prepare the oil, in the first instance, with a
minimum proportion of water, sufficient to render it non-explosive, or fairly so, and
to combine it with any desirable further proportion in the. course of its introduction
into the furnace. That is, the fuel of a standard composition may be led from a
main tank and intercepted by a mixing chamber or cistern into which water can be
introduced in a spray, preferably with some force, so as to cause the mixing of the oil
and water. The proportion of water being controlled by a valve, more or less. being:
used according to the increase or decrease of the temperature: in the furnace.
In detail I proceed for example as follows:-
I first prepare a miscible oil, that is an oil which is more or less miscible with
water, by mixing petroleum with about ten per cent. more or less of rosin, gradually
adding thereto a solution of alkali in a manner to keep the mixture in an oily
condition, substantially as described in my Specifications Nos. 3025/94 and
19243/95.
This miscible oil may be used at this stage for the purposes herein intended; but
in order to produce a more perfect combination of the oil and water I add a small
proportion of soap, substantially as described in my specifications referred to, and
more particularly as described in my Specification No. 19243/95.
Having produced this compound I generally combine it with water by very
gradually adding the latter under energetic stirring to the extent of about twenty-
five per cent. more or less, and mixing until a thorough combination has been
effected, and this product is herein referred to as the "standard" composition.
In the accompanying drawings Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic representation in section of
part of the arrangement which I find suitable for the purpose of this invention.
Fig. 2 is a like representation of another part thereof drawn to a larger scale for the
purpose of more clearly showing the details, and Fig. 3 represents.a.boiler furnace
and shows the position of the apparatus for injecting the fuel.
The oleaginous solution above described I lead, for instance, from a tank marked A
in the accompanying drawing, through pipes d d intercepted by the mixing
chamber or cistern B to the apparatus C which apparatus projects into the
furnace.D.
The mixing chamber B may be fitted with a water supply pipe e into which a
steam jet from the pipe, f is fitted so as to cause the water to issue from the jet in
the form of spray with considerable force which promotes the mixing of the oil
compound with the water.
The pipe d¹ terminates in the nozzle d2 over a cup or funnel a¹ from which
proceeds the tube a terminating in the nozzle a.
The apparatus C may consist of an outer and inner tube marked respectively hand j
both allowing a current .of air to pass.through into the furnace but it is not
absolutely essential to have two tubes as one: only would suffice for the, purpose.
Generally when the apparatus is.in use the air. is more or less excluded or regulated
by means of a cover g which is arranged so.as.to. admit of the opening for the
admission of air being adjusted so that the vacuum in the furnace is filled from
below through the bars.

page_text: The inner tube j encloses the fuel supply pipe a² terminating in the nozzle a, and
the steam supply pipe b¹ terminating in the nozzle b.
The steam nozzle b is a little short of the fuel nozzle a, and is bent slightly
upwards, thus catching the fuel as it issues and dividing it into a fine spray. For
the purpose of facilitating the division of the fuel a small jet of steam may also be
led into the fuel supply pipe a near its nozzle so as to cause the fuel to be ejected
with greater force and this additional steam force may be applied as may be
advantageous.
The apparatus C is projected into the furnace at such an angle as to spray directly
upon an incandescent layer, which may consist of coal, coke or the like.
The furnace is generally started with the standard solution of oil from the tank A
that is the oil containing a minimum proportion of water and consequently
decomposing at a comparatively low temperature.
When the furnace is thoroughly hot, water and steam are turned on gradually in
the mixing chamber B, so that a more or less diluted mixture is supplied to the
furnace according to the increase or decrease of the temperature and when a
sufficiently high temperature has been reached combustion may be maintained
without necessitating the addition of a further supply of solid fuel unless the one is
to be used as an adjunct to the other.
In the place of steam, compressed air may in some cases be employed for the
purpose of dividing the fuel into a spray.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
(1) The use as a fuel of an aqueous solution or mixture of oil, substantially such
as herein described, by injecting it in a fine state of division and decomposing it
in contact with an incandescent surface or body substantially as hereinbefore
described.
(2) The use as a fuel of an aqueous solution or mixture of oil, substantially such
as herein described, in the form of a gas, by causing decomposition to take place
in a suitable closed receptacle heated to incandescence, and to which the aqueous
oleaginous mixture is admitted in small quantities.
(3) The method of applying an aqueous solution or mixture of oil as a fuel in a
varying state of dilution, by regulating the dilution of the oil with water according
to the temperature of the furnace, substantially as herein described.
(4) The application of an aqueous solution or mixture of oil, of a nature as herein
described, as a fuel by means of an apparatus substantially such as hereinbefore
described.
(5) The improvements in the method of preparing and using liquid fuel
substantially as herein before described.
Dated the Onddow of W 1007