Improvements in Treating Vegetable and Animal Fibre and Textile Fabrics whereby the same are Bleached, Strengthened, Prepared for Dyeing, and Improved in Appearance and otherwise.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Jan., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 19th Sept., 1889-Accepted, 2nd Nov., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Treating Vegetable and Animal Fibre and Textile
Fabrics whereby the same are Bleached, Strengthened, Prepared
for Dyeing, and Improved in Appearance and otherwise.
I, MAXIMILIAN ZINGLER, of 19 Buckland Crescent, Belsize Park, in the County of
Middlesex, Fellow of the Chemical Society, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:—
I cleanse the fibre by soaking it in a diluted solution of sulphuric acid neutralised
by ammonia and then wash it well in water. The dressing present in textile fabrics
I boil out in water and ammonia.
I dissolve gelatine or glue in diluted sulphuric acid and boil for a short time then
add glycerine and neutralise with ammonia or other alkali. When the ammonia is
quite evaporated I add oleic acid previously saponified with bicarbonate of potash or
carbonate of soda.
I then place the fibre or fabric in this solution and boil for several hours. 1 then
hang it up to dry or which is better pass it through an air drying contrivance.
When dry I put the fibro or fabric in a solution prepared in the following manner :-
I boil oxide of zinc or other mineral oxide in a solution of permanganate of potass.
When thoroughly combined I reduce the heat and add by degrees bisulphite of soda or
bisulphite of potash until it assumes a yellowish colour together with a small quantity
neutral gum or shellac, resin or balsam which dissolves in alkali and stir and boil the
fibre or fabric for several hours-I then take it out and put it into diluted sulphuric
acid for a few minutes and afterwards wash it well in spring or distilled water. When
dry the fabric is rubbed by friction rollers.
The process as above mentioned can also he reversed by metalising the vegetable
fibre or fabrics first and animalising it afterwards. In this case I place it in a diluted
solution of carbozotic or picric acid-leave it for a short time and then wash it.
This process is used for dyeing purposes, as it takes better the aniline and other
colors.
I sometimes use egg or blood albumen instead of glue or gelatine but in this case
I dissolve the same in alkali instead of using sulphuric acid.
Instead of using bisulphite of soda or potash I sometimes mix with the solution a
certain quantity of carbonate of ammonia and liquid ammonia and as the fabric or
fibre is brownish black I bleach in diluted sulphurous acid or bisulphite of soda or
peroxide of hydrogen or by passing through the water an electric current.
I may also proceed as follows:-
I put cassein, carbonate. of baryta with oxide of zinc or any other metallic oxide
in boiling water and by degrees liquid ammonia fortis and carbonate of aminonia
boil until the whole mass is combined and dissolved. When the ammonia is quite
evaporated, I add glycerine and oleic acid continue boiling until thoroughly combined,
then I put into the same the vegetable fibre and textile fabric and boil for several
hours. I then rinse and hang up to dry-after which it is frictioned through rollers.
I treat animal fibre and textile fabrics in the following manner.
Having dissolved oxide of zinc or any other metallic oxide with carbonate of
baryta in an aqueous solution of permanganate of potash and added either bisulphite
of soda or potash until it assumes a yellowish color, I boil for a short time or merely
dip the fibre or textile fabric when the mass is in a boiling state-or I wash it with
carbonate of ammonia instead of bisulphite of soda-in the first case when using
bisulphite of soda or potash I dip the fibre or textile fabric for a short time in diluted

page_text: sulphuric acid and then wash out in spring water in the other case when using
ammonia, I bleach the fibre and textile fabrics in sulphurous acid and then wash out
the acid.
Dated this 2nd day of January 1889.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Treating Vegetable and Animal Fibre and Textile
Fabrics whereby the same are Bleached, Strengthened, Prepared
for Dyeing, and Improved in Appearance and otherwise.
I, MAXIMILIAN ZINGLER, of 19 Buckland Crescent, Belsize Park, in the County
of Middlesex, Fellow of the Chemical Society, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has for its object improvements in treating vegetable and animal
fibre and textile fabrics whereby the same are bleached, strengthened, prepared for
dyeing and improved in appearance and otherwise.
I cleanse the fibre or textile fabric by soaking it for one hour or more in a diluted
*solution of commercial sulphuric acid of 5% strength, neutralised by liquid ammonia.
I then wash well in water. The dressing present in textile fabrics I previously boil
out in water with 10% of ammonia. Next I dissolve 10 lbs. of gelatine or glue in
eight gallons of water to which I add 1 lb. of commercial sulphuric acid. I either
boil for a short time or let stand till thoroughly dissolved; stirring occasionally.
I then add 5 lbs. of glycerine and 2 lbs. of liquid ammonia and digest slowly at
about 150° Fahrenheit till the ammonia is evaporated. To this solution I add 5 lbs.
of oleic acid which I previously have saponified in 5 gallons of water with 1 lb. or
more of bicarbonate of potash or carbonate of soda or caustic potash or soda. I mix
these gelatinous and oleaginous compounds till the whole mass is thoroughly
amalgamated.
I then place in the mixture about 400 lbs. more or less of the fibre or textile fabric
and maintain the temperature for several hours at about 130° Fahrenheit. Or I
may dispense with heat letting the fibre or fabric soak for several hours; then I
slightly wring out and hang up to dry.
:
When dry I put the fibre or fabric into a solution prepared in the following
manner boil 5 lbs. or more of a metallic oxide preferably oxide of zinc for
10 minutes in 5 gallons of water in which I previously dissolve 1 lb. of permanganate
of potash or 3 lbs. of sulphate of manganese. If using the latter I merely dissolve
in hot water and do not boil, if the former-viz. permanganate of potash-I add
2 lbs. or more of bisulphite of soda or potash till the liquid assumes a whitish colour.
Before use I let the solution stand for a day or two-then filter-the mineral residue
can be used again. After soaking for a short time the fibre or fabric is hung up to
dry and frictioned by callendars.
The process above mentioned can be reversed by metalising the fibre or fabrics first
and animalising it afterwards. In this case I place the fibre or fabric finally in a
diluted solution of 10% tannic acid or 20% of shummac.
This latter process is more suitable for dyeing purposes.
I sometimes use in place of gelatine or glue 10 lbs. egg or blood albumen or casein
which I dissolve in 10 gallons of water and 2 lbs. or more of caustic potash or other
alkali. I soak in this 400.lbs. or more of the fibre or fabrics wring out slightly and
put in a diluted .acid solution containing 20% or more of sulphuric or other acid.
I then wash out the acid-dry and pass the fibre or fabric through rollers or friction
the same through callendar.
Animal fibre or textile fabrics such as silk or mohair goods I treat by dipping the
same in the above mineral solution adding in some cases 3 lbs. or more of protoch leride
of tin.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1. The treatment substantially as described of fibres or fabrics whereby the same
are animalised, mineralised and also impregnated with oleaginous or saponaceous
matter as herein set forth.
2. The treatment substantially as described of fibres and fabrics with the compounds
or preparations herein set forth.