Improvements in Type Writing Machines.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 5th July, 1898-Accepted, 20th Aug., 1898
Improvements in Type Writing Machines.
I, HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert Haddan & Co., of 18, Buck-
ingham Street, Strand, London, W.C., Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention a communication to me from abroad by the Keystone Type Writer
Company, of 290 to 294, Broadway (Dun Building), New York, in the United
States of America, Manufacturers, and in what manner the same is to be performed
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in type writing machines, the novel
features and construction of which are set forth in the following specification and
claims and illustrated in the annexed drawing in which Fig. 1 is a plan view of
the machine. Fig. 2 is a sectional side elevation of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a sectional
side elevation like Fig. 2 on a larger scale and some parts broken. Fig. 4 is a
plan view of the machine with the carriage and some other parts removed. Fig 5
is a detail view of a hammer detent. Fig. 6 is a rear elevation of certain parts of
the machine. Fig. 7 shows a blank for a type segment section. Fig. 8 is a plan
view of Fig. 6. Fig. 9 shows the body portion of a type segment. Fig. 10 is a
view like Fig. 9 with the segment hub added. Fig. 11 is a side elevation of Fig. 8.
Fig. 12 is a detail view of a speeding arrangement serviceable in connection with
the spacing key.
The machine shown in the drawing is of the kind employing a type segment
or wheel. A hammer suitably actuated strikes or presses the sheet or paper against
the required type on the wheel to produce a print or impression. The machine is
shown with a base 1 (Figs. 1 and 2) and has a way or track 2 (Figs. 1 and 3) for a
paper carriage 3. The feeding mechanism of the carriage comprising a rack 4
and dog 5 is known and need not be described in detail.
The dog 5 has its rock shaft or fulcrum at 6 and is moved or held to one position
by arm 7 and spring 8 secured to a suitable part or fixed post or block 9. (Figs. 3
and 4). The dog 5 is rocked against the tension of spring 8 by arm 10 connected
or linked at 11 to arm 12 extending from rock shaft 13 which latter has the laterally
extending arm 14. The free end portion of arm 14 as indicated at 15 is bent or
extended under or into engagement with the cross bar 16 of a bail the lateral
branches of which are shown at 17. The bail has its fulcrum or rock shaft at 18.
At 20 (Fig. 2) are shown the buttons or finger pieces of the keys or key levers 21
fulcrumed in a suitable bearing or strip 22 (Fig. 3). The keys extend across or
engage the cross piece or bar 16 of bail 16, 17 and the keys at opposite sides of the
machine also extend respectively across the cross pieces or bars 23 of levers 24,25
fulcrumed at 26. The levers 24, 25 are shown at opposite sides of the machine.
For convenience of description the levers 24, 25 can be called printing levers.
Each such printing lever as will presently appear gives the printing stroke to
hammer 27 (Figs. 2, 3 and 4). Say that one half of the keys 21 or the keys to one
side of the machine act on the cross piece 23 of one of the levers 24, 25 and the
other set of keys actuate the other lever 24, 25 then as a key of one set or another
is actuated, the respective printing lever is moved.

page_text: It is noticed that in Fig. 1 the buttons 20 are shown, but for the sake of clear-
ness the key levers 21 are omitted in Figs. 1 and 4.
The hammer 27 is shown on the pivot or with swinging support 28 and has a
pin or oppositely extending lugs 29. Each lever arm 25 extending positively or
directly under or into engagement with pin 29, the depression of an arm 24 and
consequent rise of arm 25 will give an upward or printing swing or stroke to the
hammer.
The fulcrums 26 are each carried or mounted on a lever 30 (Figs. 3 and 4) con-
veniently called positioning levers since as presently seen they move the type
segment to bring the required type to printing position. The positioning levers
are fulcrumed at 31 and each such lever is connected by a rigid or positive con-
nection or stud 32 to a transmission lever 33, 34 fulcrumed at 35. Each lever
arm 34 engages a shoulder 36 on shaft 37 and from the shoulder piece 36 extends
arm 38, 39 engaging a spoke 40 (Fig. 8) of the type segment shown with hub
portion 41 and rim portion 42.
Secured to shaft 37 is a stop arm 43 and as seen in Fig. 3 the keys 21 when at
rest are above the arm 43 so that the latter can swing laterally under the keys.
When a required key is depressed it actuates a lever arm 24 with fulcrum 26, and
the consequent swing of the respective levers 30 and 34 swings shoulder piece 36
with shaft 37, type segment 42 and arm 43 until the latter is stopped by positive
or direct contact with the depressed key. The type segment has now carried or
swung the required type to the printing point and has come to a stop by the arrest
of arm 43.
The lever 30 with fulcrum 26 have come to a stop with the type segment, but
the lever 24, 25 continuing its swing carries the hammer 27 along until it has
made the print. The actuated key being then released the parts return to rest
as indicated in Figs. 1 and 2.
The paper carriage can have a sheet stored or rolled in holder 44 (Fig. 3) and
fed out between rollers 45, 46 so as to lie back of plate 47 having a perforation 48
(Fig. 6) at the printing point. The ink ribbon from spools 48 extends between
the sheet and the type segment and when the hammer 27 forces the paper through
opening 48 against the required type an impression is secured.
The hammer 27 is generally so balanced as not to move ahead of time or until
the type segment has been actuated and arrested. In the drawing however is
shown a cam or detent to prevent racing or premature stroke by the hammer.
Such cam is shown in detail at 50 (Fig. 5) and at Fig. 3 the high part of the cam
or the part furthest from rod 31 is shown in contact with or proximity to the
hammer 27. The cam is connected to sleeve 51 on fulcrum or rod 31.
bail 52, 53 is shown on the shaft 31 and its arms 52 carry a rod 54. The bail is
connected to sleeve 51 by the piece 55 connected to such sleeve and to rod 54. A
returning spring 56 engages rod 54.
A
The lever arms 25 which engage hammer 27 are step shaped or formed to engage
the cam or its rod 54 so as to actuate the hammer and cam. As a lever arm 25
raises the cam and hammer, the cam or its high part is held or moved in advance
of or clear of the hammer, and said cam being located in the path of the hammer
in advance of the latter a premature jump or stroke or excessive speed of the
hammer is prevented. The cam is mounted clear of the hammer and is capable
of moving out of contact with the latter and is so cut away or shaped that when
the cam has been raised a certain distance the low or cut away portion of the
The
cam permits the hammer to fly forward of its own momentum to print.
hammer is suitably cut away or slotted as seen at 87 (Figs. 3 and 4) so that as
soon as the cam 50 swings up it will clear or free the hammer by coming over
the slot 87. Should the hammer acquire excessive speed or jump ahead or away
from the lever 25 it will be checked by the cam until the latter has moved
sufficiently to clear the way for the hammer. The return spring 56 can be made
to return the hammer and bail or these parts might be made of such weight and so
arranged or over balanced as to return without the aid of a spring.

page_text: The type segment is adapted to be made very light and at the same time
sufficiently strong or rigid to answer its purpose. As seen in Figs. 9 and 10 the
segment consists of an upper and a lower section provided with lugs 57 made to
engage one another or soldered or secured together for connecting the sections.
The holders 58 are adapted for riveting or securing the type strip or type in place
along the segment rim 42. The lugs 57 are shown at the outer spokes of the type
segment. Each segment section being formed of a suitable blank (Fig. 7) of sheet
or thin metal or stock, and being corrugated or bent or flanged along the dotted
lines shown in such Fig. 7 such sections will be stiffened and will bring the lugs 57
to engagement with one another. The segment sections being secured together at
suitable distance or space apart, can receive the type strip there between. A sleeve
or hub 59 (Fig. 10) secured to the hub portions 41 of the two sections is adapted
to fit or be secured to shaft 37.
The ribbon spools 49 are made shiftable or mounted on the shiftable support or
plate 60 (Fig. 6) so that such spools can be alternately brought into and out of
engagement each with its respective driving pawl 61 and retaining pawl 62. One
head of each spool being suitably notched, the pawls can engage the spool for
driving and preventing retrograde rotation of the latter. The spool actuating
pawls 61 are mounted on rock shaft 63 having arm 64 (Fig. 11) connected by
link 65 with arm 12 (Fig. 6) extending from rock shaft 13.
The rock shaft 13 actuated by the keys as noted actuates both the pawl shaft 63
and the dog shaft 6, or is common to driving mechanism of the spool and carriage.
The retaining pawls 62 are mounted on suitable pivots or bearings and each held
by a spring toward its respective spool. A stop 66 can be arranged to prevent each
stop pawl 62 swinging too far or out of place when its spool is shifted clear of the
pawl. The rock shaft 63 swings the driving pawl 61 so as to give a step by step
rotation to one or another of the spools to wind the ribbon back and forth. The
shaft 63 and pawls 61 and 62 it is noted are not shiftable.
The plate 60 has a shoulder 67 (Fig. 8) and as the plate is shifted it is locked
against accidental movement by spring 68 or the shouldered end of said spring
engaging one side or another of shoulder 67.
The type segment when provided with different rows of type is made to be shifted
by the case or shift levers 69, 70 (Fig. 1). Two such levers are shown, the segment
being supposed to have three rows of type, and the top row being normally in
action or printing when the levers 69, 70 are released. A fulcrum block 71 (Fig. 8)
supports the screws or fulcrums 72 for the shift levers fulcrumed to sides or lateral
faces of the block. On top of the block 71 or between the shift levers is a ful-
crum 73 for a two armed lever 74, 75 having the free ends of its arms suitably in-
clined or cam shaped so that when a shift lever is depressed and a lever arm 74
or 75 is swung over the depressed shift key, the latter is locked to hold the type for
printing with the required case until the lock 74, 75 is released. As seen in Fig. 8
the lock lever can be set so that both arms 74 and 75 are out of action.
As seen in Fig. 11 a block or base plate 76 is differentially slotted at 77 and 78.
Each shift key 69, 70 has its arm 70 entering or limited in play by its respective
slot. When the shift key stopped in slot 77 is actuated the middle case of type
will print. While the key in longer slot 78 when swung to its full extent will
bring the lowest case of type into action.
On the plate 76 normally rests plunger 79 adapted to be shifted by the keys 69,
and an arm on the plunger is made to engage the segment or its hub 59 to shift
such segment along shaft 37. This arm as seen in Fig. 6 is composed of two jointed
sections 80 and 81, the section 81 being normally in position or held by a spring
to engage the segment, and being adapted to swing or bend on section 80 to clear
or release the segment, as for example when the latter is to be taken from the
machine.
The writing keys 21 being fulcrumed a certain distance back in the machine
and extending forward, engage the spacing bail 16 by resting directly or positively
thereon and each set of keys also engages or rests directly or positively on its

page_text: respective printing bail 23. These two bails being suitably separated or spaced at
the centre allow a spacing key 83 fulcrumed at 18 and normally held raised by
spring 19 (Fig. 3) to play or descend without actuating the printing bails, but
such spacer can be made to engage or depress the spacing bail 16. To effect
speeding or enable the key 83 to space with comparatively slight movement, a
lever 84 fulcrumed at 85 and made to contact with or support spacer 83 at 86 is
placed intermediate the spacing key 83 and the arm 14 and is made to engage
the latter near the fulcrum or shaft 13, that is to say at a greater or less distance
from the free end 15 of said arm 14. The spacer 83 is centrally located or arranged
to pass or clear through the central cut or break between the bails 23 without
actuating such printing mechanism. The plunger 79 (Fig. 11) when freed can be
allowed to drop or descend by its weight or its descent can be secured or aided by
a suitably applied spring.
The shoulder piece 36 has a slit or cut at each side and when the end 34 of a
lever takes into such slit or comes to lie between the shoulders formed by such
slit, the lever 34 will turn the shoulder piece as well when said lever is moving
back as forward.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim
is:
1. A typewriting machine provided with a hammer, a cam or detent for the
hammer, and a lever made to actuate the hammer and cam substantially as
described.
2. A type writing machine provided with a hammer, a cam or detent for the
hammer, and a lever made to actuate the hammer and cam and to hold the cam
in advance of the hammer substantially as described.
3. A type writing machine provided with a hammer, a cam or detent located in
the path of the hammer in advance of the latter, and a lever for actuating the
hammer and cam so as to cause the cam to prevent excessive speed or premature
stroke of the hammer substantially as described.
4. A type writing machine provided with a hammer, a cam or detent for the
hammer, and actuating mechanism substantially as described for the hammer and
cam, said cam being mounted clear of the hammer so as to be capable of moving
out of contact with the latter substantially as described.
5. A type writing machine provided with a hammer, a cam for the hammer, a
sleeve to which the cam is connected, a bail connected to the sleeve, and a shaft
for supporting the bail and sleeve substantially as described.
6. A type writing machine provided with a hammer, a cam for the hammer, a
bail connected to and made to move with the cam, a return spring for the bail,
and actuating mechanism substantially as described for the hammer and bail.
7. A type segment comprising sections provided with holders for the type strip
or type and with lugs made to engage one another for connecting the sec-
tions substantially as described.
8. A type segment comprising sections each consisting of a hub portion, a rim
portion and spokes, said rim being provided with type strip holders, and the outer
spokes being provided with lugs for connecting the sections substantially as
described.
9. A type segment comprising sections provided with type holders and with
lugs for connecting the sections, said sections being corrugated or flanged so as
to stiffen the segment and to bring the lugs to engagement with one another sub.
stantially as described.
10. A type segment comprising top and bottom sections each consisting of a
hub portion, a rim portion and spokes, said sections being flanged and secured
together at a suitable distance or space to receive a type strip or type therebetween,
and a sleeve or hub secured to the hub portions of the sections substantially as
described.

page_text: 11. A type writing machine provided with ribbon spools, and actuating pawls
for the respective spools, said spools being made shiftable into and out of engage-
ment with the pawls substantially as described.
12. A type writing machine provided with spools, a shiftable support or plate
for the spools, and non shiftable pawls for the spools substantially as described.
13. A type writing machine provided with shiftable spools, rock shaft, and
spools actuating pawls on the rock shaft substantially as described.
14. A type writing machine provided with spools, pawls for the spools, a rock
shaft for the pawls, a carriage, a feed dog for the carriage, a rock shaft for the
feed dog, and a key actuated rock shaft for actuating the pawl and dog shaft
substantially as described.
15. A type writing machine provided with a carriage and with spools, driving
mechanisms substantially as described for the carriage and spools, and an actuat-
ing rock shaft common to the driving mechanisms substantially as described.
16. A type writing machine provided with a carriage and with spools, a dog
for the carriage, pawls for the spools, rock shafts for the dog and pawls, a key
actuated rock shaft having a laterally extending arm, and links for connecting the
arm with the dog and pawl shafts substantially as described.
17. A type writing machine provided with shiftable spools and non shiftable
driving and retaining pawls for the spools, springs for holding the retaining
pawls to the spools, and stops for respectively holding the retaining pawls as
each spool is shifted clear from its pawl substantially as described.-
18. A type writing machine provided with a shiftable type segment, a differen-
tially slotted base plate, shift levers for the segment limited in their play by
the base plate, a plunger made to normally rest on the plate and adapted to be
shifted by the levers, and an arm on the plunger made to engage the segment
or its hub substantially as described.
19. A type writing machine provided with a shiftable type segment having a
flanged hub, a differentially slotted base plate, shift levers limited in play by the
plate, and a plunger actuated by the levers and provided with an arm made to
engage the flange of the segment or hub substantially as described.
20. A type writing machine provided with a shiftable type segment, shift
levers, and a plunger actuated by the levers and having a segment engaging arm
composed of two jointed sections one of the sections being normally in position
to engage the segment and adapted to be swung clear of the segment substan-
tially as described.
21. A type writing machine provided with two type or case shifting levers,
and a two armed lever having the ends of its arms inclined or cam shaped to
respectively engage or rock the shift levers substantially as described.
22. A type writing machine provided with a type or case shifting levers, and as
lock lever common to and fulcrumed between the shift levers substantially as
described.
23. A type writing machine provided with a fulcrum block shift levers ful-
crumed to sides of the block, and a lock lever fulcrumed on top of the block
above the shift levers so as to be common to the latter substantially as described.
24. A type writing machine provided with a positioning lever, a printing lever
fulcrumed to the positioning lever, and keys made to directly actuate or engage
the printing lever substantially as described.
25. A type writing machine provided with a positioning lever, a printing lever
fulcrumed to the positioning lever, and with keys, said printing lever having its
front portion made to directly engage or support the keys substantially as
described.
26. A type writing machine provided with a positioning lever, a printing lever
fulcrumed to and made to extend forward of the positioning lever, and keys ful-
crumed back of the front of the printing lever and made to rest on or engage said
front substantially as described.
27. A type writing machine provided with a positioning lever, a transmission

page_text: lever connected directly or positively to the positioning lever, a printing lever and
keys substantially as described.
28. A type writing machine provided with a hammer, a printing lever made to
actuate the hammer, and keys for the printing lever substantially as described.
29. A type writing machine provided with a positioning lever, a printing lever
fulcrumed to the positioning lever, a hammer engaged by the rear of the printing
lever, and keys made to engage the front of the printing lever substantially as
described.
29. A type writing machine provided with a hammer, a detent for the hammer,
and a lever made to directly engage or actuate the hammer and detent substantially
as described.
31. A type writing machine provided with a hammer, a detent for the hammer,
and a lever made to actuate the hammer and detent independently of one another
substantially as described.
32. A type writing machine provided with a carriage a feed dog, and a rock
shaft for actuating the feed dog, said rock shaft being extended from the front
toward the rear of the machine substantially as described.
33. A type writing machine provided with a carriage, a feed dog, keys, and a
rock shaft provided with laterally extending arms, one of the arms being con-
nected or linked to the feed dog, and the other arm being engaged or actuated
by the keys substantially as described.
34. A type writing machine provided with a series of keys, a bail common to or
engaged by all the keys, and a feed dog actuating shaft having an arm made to
engage the bail substantially as described.
35. A type writing machine provided with a feed dog actuating shaft having an
arm, and a spacing key made to actuate the arm and shaft substantially as
described.
36. A type writing machine provided with a feed dog actuating shaft having
an arm, a spacing key and a lever intermediate the key and arm and made to
engage the latter near the shaft to effect speeding substantially as described.
37. A type writing machine provided with a spacing mechanism substantially
as described, a centrally spaced printing mechanism substantially as described,
writing keys made to engage the spacing and printing mechanism, and a spacing
key made to engage the spacing mechanism and to pass or clear through the cen-
tral space in the printing mechanism substantially as described.
38. A type segment, a shaft, a stop arm for the segment mounted on the shaft,
a lever for actuating the segment, a positive stop or key for arresting the stop
arm a printing lever, and a hammer positively or directly actuated by the printing
lever substantially as described.
39. A type segment, a shaft, a stop arm for the segment mounted on the shaft,
a lever for actuating the segment, keys for actuating the segment actuating lever
and for positively or directly arresting the stop arm, a printing lever actuated by
the keys, and a hammer positively or directly actuated by the printing lever sub-
stantially as described.
40. A type wheel or segment shaft, an actuating shouldered disc for rotating the
segment shaft, and a lever adapted to engage the shoulder of said disc, said disc
being fixed to the segment shaft substantially as described.
41. A type wheel shaft, a disc fixed rigidly to the shaft and provided with pro-
pelling and returning shoulders, and a lever adapted to engage said shoulders
substantially as described.
42. A type wheel shaft, shoulders fixed rigidly to the shaft and driving levers
brought independently into engagement with the shoulders to rotate the type wheel
shaft in either direction from a fixed point and subsequently to return said shaft
to its initial point substantially as described.
43. A type wheel shaft provided with propelling and returning shoulders rigidly
fixed to the shaft, and a lever adapted to engage said shoulders substantially as
described.

page_text: 44. A rotary but not vertically oscillating type wheel shaft provided with a stop
arm fixed rigidly to the shaft, and driving shoulders also fixed rigidly to the shaft
at a different level from said stop arm substantially as described.
45. A rotary but not vertically oscillating type wheel shaft, a type wheel slid-
ingly mounted on the shaft, a driving arm for the wheel fixed to the shaft, a stop
arm fixed rigidly to the shaft, and driving shoulders also fixed rigidly to the shaft
at a different level from said stop arm, and keys for actuating and for directly
arresting the movement of the stop arm substantially as described.
46. A type wheel or segment writing machine provided with a positioning lever
and with a printing lever fulcrumed on the positioning lever said levers swinging
parallel to one another substantially as described.
47. A type wheel provided with a plurality of type rows, a shaft on which the
wheel is mounted a stop arm directly mounted on said shaft, means substantially
as described for rotating the wheel, and key levers made to arrest said stop arm,
said key levers being non radiatingly arranged substantially as described.
Dated this 5th day of July 1898.
H. J.. HADDAN.