matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN ALARM COMMUNICATION BETWEEN RAILWAY PASSENGERS, GUARD, AND ENGINE DRIVER
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Pimbley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
January 1869.
I, THOMAS PIMBLEY, of 114, Bayham Street, Camden Town, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN ALARM COMMUNICATION BETWEEN RAILWAY PASSENGERS, GUARD,
AND ENGINE DRIVER," to be as follows:-
The compartments of each carriage to contain a handle, which when
pulled will communicate by wire itll Toxes fitted on to under carriage;
these boxes will contain alarm signals, one of which will be dropped
from each box on to the metals (or rails) in front of wheels, which in
passing over will cause an explosive alarm which can be heard by every
passenger in the train, as well as by the guard and driver (immediately
on the handle being pulled), and as only one signal will drop out of each
box the alarm may be repeated if necessary.
The guard's van to contain boxes, which will enable him to leave
signals on the rails so as to prevent being run into by an approaching
train whilst attending to his duties in making way to the compartment

page_text: from which the alarm was given. The means by which the guard is to
ascertain the compartment from which the alarm is given will be by
flags dropping out at right angles from the side of the carriage under
the cornice, which will take place immediately the handle in the com-
partment is pulled, the same pull acting on the alarm signals and flags
simultaneously.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Wesley Crossley and John Walker Swithenbank,
of Bradford, in the County of York, Shuttle Manufacturers, for
the Invention of " IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES."
Sealed the 25th January 1870, and dated the 26th July 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Wesley Crossley and
John Walker Swithenbank at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 26th July 1869.
We, WESLEY CROSSLEY and JOHN WALKER SWITHENBANK, of
Bradford, in the County of York, Shuttle Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved construction and method of
inserting and securing the spring required to act upon the pike to hold
it in proper position in the shuttle. Heretofore the spring has been
constructed in two laps, and a large recess has been cut into the under

page_text: side of the shuttle to receive the spring in a horizontal position so as
to act laterally or on the side of the pike, and for the fixing or securing
of the said spring a series of pins has to be passed through the shuttle
which materially weakens it and renders it liable to be soon broken.
Now our improvements consist in constructing the spring in a single
lap and inserting it in a vertical position in relation to the shuttle, but
to bend over and act upon the top side of the pike, at a point beyond the
pin on which it is hinged, by which we avoid cutting any recess on the
under side, or the use of pins to secure it, whereby shuttles are much
strengthened and any oil used to lubricate the pike where the spring
acts on it is prevented from dropping on the warp when the shuttle is
in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE PASSENGERS, GUARDS, AND DRIVERS OF RADWAY TRAINS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jonathan Edwin Billups,
William Cooper, George Thomas Arrowsmith Hine, and William
Young at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 10th February 1869.
We, JONATHAN EDWIN BILLUPS, of Cardiff, in the County of Gla-
morganshire, Railway Contractor, WILLIAM COOPER, of Rotherhithe, in
the County of Surrey, Engineer, GEORGE THOMAS ARROWSMITH HINE,
of Gloucester Street, in the County of Middlesex, and WILLIAM YOUNG
of Peckham, in the County of Surrey, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS
FOR COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE PASSENGERS, GUARDS, AND DRIVERS OF RADWAY
TRAINS," to be as follows:-
The means or apparatus we adapt consist of a friction or cam wheel,
or other kind of wheel or wheels, either fixed upon the axle or held in
contact with the carriage wheel or wheels, or rail, and acting upon a
gong, whistle, ratchet and click, or other instrument or apparatus for
producing sound, by which means each carriage when in motion is
provided with a complete method of signalling between the passengers

page_text: and the guards and engine drivers without necessitating any special
connection between the several carriages.
In order to put the friction or cam wheel into action so as to give a
signal we have a handle in each compartment or other suitable position
connected with such friction or cam wheel by means of a chain, wire, or
other connector, so that upon the handle being moved for signalling
the necessary action will be effected, which chain, wire, or other con-
nector may also be arranged to act upon an arm or staff, so as to project
it outside the train, bringing the same in sight of the guard or railway
attendant.
In the case of a portion of the train becoming detached the signal
carried by the last carriage of that portion of the train remaining
attached to the engine is brought into action by the act of separation
of the two carriages by means of a chain, wire, or connector, one end
of which is attached to the coupling of the immediately preceding
carriage, and arranged so as to act upon the friction or cam wheel by
reason that when the carriages are in connection the chain, wire,
or connector hangs loose and entire without acting on the friction or
cam wheel, and upon disconnection tension will cause the chain, wire,
or connector to act upon the friction or cam wheel so as to sound and
make the signal as desired.
When we use a whistle the same may be sounded by means of a fan
working in connection with the friction or cam wheel, such fan forcing
the air through a tube or conductors to sound the whistle.
CERTAIN IN- PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Sagar and Thomas
Richmond at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 17th February 1869.
We, THOMAS SAGAR, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Machine
Maker, and THOMAS RICHMOND, of the same Place, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IN-
PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
The object of the first part of our Invention is to reduce the cost and
wear of the healds, and also to produce an even shed by which the
danger of the shuttle flying out is reduced. In performing our Invention
the warp on leaving the warp beam is taken as usual over the vibrator
or other equivalent, then over and under a pair of lease rods mounted on
swivel links which are made to vibrate by a tappet on the tappet shaft
or other suitable part of the loom, then under a rod or roller extending
across the loom, and then through our improved healds or healds of the
usual construction; the warp then passes through the reed and thence
to the take-up roller as usual. We propose to use the same number of
healds as now customary, but instead of making them with an eye or
loop through which the warp is drawn we make each heald by linking

page_text: together two ends of heald yarn; the warp is drawn in over the above
link; or old healds may be used by drawing the warp over the eye or
loop instead of through it as heretofore. The shed is formed by raising
a portion of the warps, and this portion is at that time slackened by the
vibration of the lease rods, while the portion forming the lower part of
the shed is not depressed by the healds as heretofore but is kept tight by
the vibration of the lease rods, the line from the fell of the cloth to the
under side of the rod or roller above referred to preserving the lower shed
perfectly even. The slackness of the upper part of the shed not only
allows the cloth to be well covered but relieves the healds from the strain
of the warp, which will add very considerably to their durability.
The second part of our Invention consists in an improved mode of
working the retaining catches of the ratchet wheels of the taking-up and
letting-off motions. The catch is jointed to a bar working in a slide,
and to this bar is fixed an incline which is raised by the lever or other
equivalent of the taking-up or letting-off motion. When the bar and
catch have been raised they are allowed to drop by their own gravity,
thereby bringing the point of the catch against the tooth of the ratchet
wheel, which is thus held until it is again moved forward by the working
catch, which may be constructed as usual, or in the same manner as the
retaining catches above described.
AN IMPROVED CARRIAGE SPRING
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th June 1869.-A communication from abroad by Nathalie Ortric,
Widow Cornebois, of 37, Boulevard Bonne-Nouvelle, Paris, Franco.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son,
of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED CARRIAGE SPRING," a communication to me from abroad
by Nathalie Ortric, Widow Cornebois, of 37, Boulevard Bonne-Nouvelle,
Paris, France, to be as follows:-
The spring, the subject of this Invention, differs from the bow spring
hitherto used for the suspension of vehicles, in that the principal or
main plate is made of a single piece of steel, and consequently has but
a single brazed joint. A spring thus made offers great advantages over
hinged bow springs, inasmuch that the labor of making is reduced by a
third, and the quantity of material used decreased in the same proportion..
By superposing upon the main plate of a spring made according to this.

page_text: Invention only two auxilliary plates it will support a load equal to
that which could be supported by a hinged bow spring as hitherto made
upon the main plato of which four auxilliary plates have been super-
posed, while preserving the samo security and giving greater lightness
and elegance to the vehicle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKING APPARATUS USED FOR RAILWAY SIDINGS TO PREVENT TRUCKS OR OTHER CARRIAGES PASSING OUT FROM THE SIDINGS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Francis, John Donaldson,
and George Reavely at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 21st April 1869.
We, JAMES FRANCIS, Station Master, Galashiels, JOHN DONALDSON,
Blacksmith there, and GEORGE REAVELY, residing there, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKING
APPARATUS USED FOR RAILWAY SIDINGS TO PREVENT TRUCKS OR OTHER CARRIAGES
PASSING OUT FROM THE SIDINGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in locking apparatus
used for railway sidings to prevent trucks or other carriages passing out
from the sidings.
In order to prevent the chock blocks, by which the passage of
waggons out of a siding on to the main line, being removed by accident
or malicious design, we employ apparatus so arranged that when the
chock blocks have been placed over the rails they can only be removed
by the passage of an engine or waggon towards the siding, or at least
by the use of great force much exceeding the power of one man.
mount the chock blocks on levers which can move in a horizontal
direction, and the blocks are formed by preference in such a manner.
that a truck in running over it to pass out of the siding would be
We

page_text: thrown off the rails on to the ballast, and thus arrested in its onward
course to the main line. The levers to which the chock blocks are
connected are linked together, and with a weight tending constantly
to draw the chock block off the rails. The chock blocks are, when it is
desired to close the siding, drawn over the rails by a hand capstan
winding up a chain or in other similar manner, and then a catch bar
connected with the chock block levers is caught and retained by a catch
actuated by a powerful spring beyond the power of a man to release.
On the side of one of the lines of rails beyond the chock blocks is
a key, bar, or trigger so placed as to be depressed by the flange of the
wheel of an engine or truck entering the siding, and when the key,
bar, or trigger is thus depressed the catch is lifted and the weight left
free to act to remove the chock blocks.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE CONSTRUCTION. OF CASKS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Bond at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,, on the 16th
February 1869..
I, THOMAS BOND, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Cooper,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE CONSTRUCTION. OF CASKS," to be as
follows:-
My improvements relate,―
First. To a new machine for shaping staves. This consists essentially
in the employment of a reciprocating or vibrating knife of any suitable
shape caused to move in slides or guides by a crank, excentric, or other
means. The stave blank or stave to be shaped is placed on a table of
the required shape, and adjustable if necessary, and at each double stroke
the knife cuts off the superfluous timber from the whole or a portion of
one side.
Second. An improvement in that machine for finishing the ends or
heads of casks known as the "head lathe." In the stationery face plate
which forces the parts required to form the end or head against the
projecting points on the revolving face plate I form a slot or opening

page_text: which passes from the centre to the circumference thereof. The doing
so provides a rest for the tool and allows the facing of one surface
and the finishing of the periphery to be speedily and correctly accom-
plished.
Third. To means for closing a cask, that is to say, bringing the staves
required to form it closely together before fitting on the hoops. For
this purpose I employ the tightening pressure of a rope, chain, or band
operated from a winch barrel by a suitable handle. The rope, chain, or
band is passed, say, twice around the adjusted staves, and just before
pushing on a hoop the handle is turned and the said rope, chain, or
band tightened.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Newton Wilson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
April 1869.
I, NEWTON WILSON, of 144, High Holborn, in the Parish of St.-
George's, Bloomsbury, in the County of Middlesex, Sewing Machine
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES," to be as follows:-
The main elements in these improvements are in the construction and
general arrangement and disposition of parts so as to bring the legs of
the rider into a more favourable position to propel either the forward or
hindmost wheel or wheels, and also in so arranging the crank movement
and seating for the foot of the rider so as he may drive on an inde
pendent shaft having a pinion thereon, such gearing to be either
frictional or with teeth which will work on the axis of the running
wheel of the velocipede, there being a difference of diameters, say, of
one-half or one-third, so the rider can drive the velocipede up an incline
with perfect ease, as shown in Figure 1. Or I construct two differential
chain pulleys "pitched" with teeth thereon, and work from one pulley

page_text: to another a light "pitched" chain corresponding in the links to the
pitch of the teeth of the pulleys; they may be of any difference of
diameters, as shown in Figure 2. Or I construct a velocipede as shown
in Figure 3, where the bracket projects from the forward part of the
"staff," and attach thereto a lever working on a fulcrum pin, which has
attached to it immediately under the crank of the forward running
wheel a connecting rod working in a pin in a slott in the lever, and at
the other end attached to the crank pin. This arrangement brings the
legs of the operator in a much better position than by having the crank
and foot seatings immediately on to the axis of the forward driving
wheel.
Another important improvement in velocipedes wherein they have but
two wheels is in the introduction of two "legs" or "spuds" radiating
on the axis of the hindmost wheel, as shown in Figures 2 & 4; these
"spuds" or "legs" are actuated by a cord or small wire rope, which
actuates the small crank a, so the "spuds" or "legs" can be pulled up
behind the rider and out of the way, but when the rider is about
stopping the two "spuds" or "legs" are let down, as shown in Figure 4,
forming a base for the carriage to stand on to keep it erect while the
ider mounts or dismounts, or lifted up as in Figure 5.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF REFLECTORS FOR ARTIFICIAL LIGHT
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Nokes Williams at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th June 1869.
I, ROBERT NOKES WILLIAMS, of 84, Hackney Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Mahogany and Vencer Merchant, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
REFLECTORS FOR ARTIFICIAL LIGHT," to be as follows:-
I partially or entirely surround the burner or burners with a frame-
work of metal or other suitable material, and upon this framework I
affix by any well known means, or let into recesses formed for that
purpose, a series of reflecting plates, by preference made of silvered
plate glass, but not confining myself thereto, as other substances may
be employed for the like purpose. These reflecting plates, which may
be made of any convenient form, I arrange so as to direct when required
all the reflected rays upon any particular place I desire to illuminate,

page_text: or by placing them at varying angles I direct the light with precision
and certainty upon any desired number of places, and by these means
I can in a large degree control the light and render it much more
effective for the purposes of illumination.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF HANGING BROUGHAMS AND OTHER SIMILAR CARRIAGES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Mulliner at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
February 1869.
I, HENRY MULLINER, of Leamington Priors, Warwickshire, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF HANGING BROUGHAMS AND OTHER SIMILAR CARRIAGES," to be as
follows:-
I construct a perch of steel, iron, or other suitable material, with which
I connect the ordinary beds and springs of an under spring carriage, and
suspend the body upon the under carriage so constructed by means of
framework of iron, steel, or other material on the bed or beds carrying
a cross spring with which I connect the body by means of elbow springs ;
or I employ a cross spring of eliptic shape and connect the body with
the same by means of iron work, and the front part of the body
I prefer to suspend by four springs, two at sides and two across.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Beard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th July
1869.
I, JOSEPH BEARD, of Droylsden, in the County of Lancaster, Brass
Founder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS," to be as follows:-
My improvements in the first place consist in a peculiar and novel
method for actuating the piston or bucket of a pump, and which I
accomplish as follows:-I use a rack furnished with cogs and of such a
length as may be necessary for the full stroke of the piston, and which
may be fixed to the frame or support that carries the pump. Into this
rack gears a segment of a wheel, on one side of the centre of which is
formed a handle or lever, or a socket may be formed instead, into which
a handle or lever can be inserted. The piston rod of the pump is
attached to the centre of the segment. If a reciprocating movement is
given to this handle or lever either by hand, steam, or some suitable
mechanism, the wheel segment will be caused to roll along the rack, and
the centre of the segment to which the piston is attached will travel in

page_text: a line parallel to the rack and in the same direction as the lever is caused
to move, and the piston will be actuated accordingly. The cogs of the
rack form as it were the fulcrum of the lever.
My improvements in the next place relate to the peculiar arrangement
of the pump. In a horizontal double-acting pump I place at either end
and at the lower part of the pump barrel the suction valves, but in the
upper part of the pump barrel I place the delivery valves. I connect
the two suction valves together by means of a pipe; this connecting
pipe communicates with a chamber, near to the lower part of which I
may place a sieve to prevent solid matter passing into the pump; the
suction pipe is connected to this chamber. The two delivery valves are
also connected with a pipe which is connected to the delivery pipe. A
pump arranged as described above is particularly adapted as a bilge
pump or fire engine and garden pump on account of its extreme
simplicity.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MODE OF WARMING FEET, AND IN APPARATUS POR THIS PURPOSE
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Moseley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
November 1869.
I, JOHN MOSELEY, of the Town and County of Newcastle-upon-
Tyne, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MODE OF WARMING FEET, AND IN APPARATUS POR THIS PURPOSE,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved mode of warming the feet, and
in apparatus for this purpose, and consists of a boot, shoe, or slipper
made of felt or any other suitable material having a sole of leather or
other material. Inside this boot or shoe at the bottom a box or chamber
of tin or other suitable material is arranged with a reservoir for con-
taining spirits of wine, and having an aperture and screw plug for
filling the same when required. A burner and wick forming a spirit
lamp is arranged within the box or chamber, and there is a rod and
sliding plate to open and close an opening in the upper part of the
chamber to regulate the admission of hot air to the shoe, or to confine it
within the chamber. Suitable supports are arranged to impart strength

page_text: to the chamber and to prevent it from being crushed when in use, and
there are suitable openings for the admission of air to support com-
bustion. The upper surface of the chamber may be made of zinc or
other good conductor of heat. The sides and bottom of the chamber
are rigidly supported by suitable stays, and the shoc may be attached to
the chamber by means of eyelets or otherwise..
AN IMPROVED PLOUGH FOR PLOUGHING LAND
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Charles Norman at tho
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd June 1869.
I, JACOB CHARLES NORMAN, of Great College Street, Camden Town,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED PLOUGH FOR PLOUGHING LAND," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to implements employed for ploughing or
breaking up and drilling land, and consists in constructing the same
in the following manner-In a suitable framing mounted on two
running wheels and crosswise thereof near the front is mounted a
square shaft, on which are placed side by side at suitable distances
asunder a series of straight pieces of metal placed edgewise; these pieces
may be set to the framing at any desired angle of inclination, and as
the machine is drawn along the said pieces will break up the ground.
Behind the aforesaid pieces of metal and to the innermost sides of the
running wheels of the machine I propose to affix a series of adjustable
plates of metal to act as spades or shovels to lift and turn over the

page_text: ground; the said spades or shovels are intended to extend across the
width between the two running wheels, so that as the aforesaid pieces
of metal break up the ground lengthwise the spades lift and turn the
ground crosswise. To the back part of the framing of the machine
I propose to adapt a series of large adjustable taper prongs, the cross
section of which is like the letter ✓ closed at the top, and employ the
same to make furrows in the ground, and it is this combination of
implements in the construction of a plough which constitutes this
Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Boulderson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th September 1869.
I, WILLIAM BOULDERSON, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to hats and other like coverings for the head,
and consist in furnishing existing hats or those to be specially made
for the purpose with a moveable or separate brim or rim, so that one or
more of any kind or shape of brim may be used with one or more of
any kind or shape of hat, interchangeable one with the other, also in
fastening or securing said brim and hat together by means of a turned
up band or projection from the brim made to fit in, over, or under the
bottom part of the hat or hats, said band or projection being con-
veniently secured by one or more studs, which may or may not be
covered by the band of ribbon or other material generally worn round
hats, or instead of studs other convenient adjustable fastening may
used
be

page_text: And, further, the improvements consist in making the hat somewhat
larger than the turned up band or projection of the brim, so that a con-
venient space may be left between the two for ventilation when the
hat is placed over the band of the brim, the studs or other adjust-
able fastenings for securing in this case being so made as to preserve
the space above described, and also to support the edge of the bottom
of the hat slightly away from the brim and from pressing close down
on to it, and so allow a space all round or nearly so at the inside of
brim on its upper surface for the passage of air.
The improvements may be conveniently performed after the manner
above described with any material now used or fitted for use for hats
and such like coverings for the head.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION, ARRANGEMENT, AND FITTING OF BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Lockyer Hickes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st October 1869.
I, RICHARD LOCKYER HICKES, of No. 6, Liverpool Street, Old Broad
Street, London, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, Captain
Commandant of the 12th Tower Hamlets Rifle Volunteer Corps, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION, ARRANGEMENT, AND FITTING OF BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention relates, firstly, to the introduction and application of
special arrangements for preventing the escape of the gaseous products
of combustion into the breech chamber, lock bolt passage, or breech
block (as the case may be) of the gun on or immediately after firing.
These improved arrangements consist in preparing the perforated
spindle or needle tube on the discharging end of the bolt to permit and
admit of fitting thereto an accurately turned metallic or other piston
bearing on concave or convex springs set to face each other, and resting
against a collar to insure their action as buffers or recoil cushions at the
moment of exploding the cartridge, and this principle I use and apply

page_text: for general mechanical purposes when desirous of making a gas-tight
joint.
My Invention consists, secondly, in reducing to a minimum the
friction on the base of the barrel occasioned by the backward and forward
travel of the bolt and attached lever in the action of loading, half-
cocking, or firing. For this purpose and to insure increased speed, and
consequent efficiency in the bolt motion, I slightly chase or groove the
inside of the breech chamber, whereby the bolt rubs or bears only on
the narrow filleted portions of the internal diameter of the passage,
instead of the entire surface thereof; and in practice I find these chases
or grooves become of additional importance as constant and ready
receptacles for lubricants.
The third part of my Invention consists in the introduction and
application of friction sheaves or rollers to assist the necessary rotative
action of the bolt when opening or shutting the breech chamber.
And, lastly, the fourth part of my Invention relates to and consists of
the introduction of a chamber to receive and collect an exploded cap or
cartridge end, or a portion of each or either, in the event of their
adhering to or following the piston end of the bolt after firing, thus
preventing the delay usually occasioned by its becoming clogged or
jammed when after insertion of the cartridge it becomes necessary to
close the breech chamber..
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING DOMESTIC AND OTHER FIRES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Atkinson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
February 1869.
I, THOMAS ATKINSON, of Bradford, in the County of York, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING DOMESTIC AND OTHER FIRES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in the use of a box or chamber, by preference
constructed of cast iron, but may be of other material, in which are a
series of perforations or small apertures and a larger aperture into which
is inserted a pipe of any convenient length. This box I introduce into
the fire-place and place coal or other fuel upon it. I then apply an
india-rubber or other flexible pipe to connect it with a gas burner in any
convenient position, then by turning on the gas it will issue through the
perforations, and on being ignited will light or ignite the fuel. By the
use of this Invention wood and all other similar substances now used for
lighting fires may be dispensed with.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE ESCAPES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Hawkings at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd November 1869.
I, FREDERICK HAWKINGS, of Harrow Road, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE ESCAPES," to be as follows:-
In a box, case, or frame, or to the house or building near a window
I secure by hinges or otherwise a jointed lever frame, to the end whereof
not secured to the box, case, or frame, or building I attach an arrange-
ment of chains, the same consisting of three, four, or more longitudinal
chains, connecting them together so that when the chain arrangement is
allowed to drop down an openwork shoot or passage is thus provided
having stepping places (namely, cross chains), by means of which
persons may safely descend to escape from fire. Any suitable kind of
collapsible network may be substituted for the chains. The apparatus
being kept near the window, then in case of fire the lever frame with the
chain arrangement with winch and cranked handle attached are to be

page_text: lifted up, and being placed on the window sill form a sort of crane, and
the chainwork being dropped out of window the apparatus may be used
for descending from the fire, and fire escape conductors may also ascend
thereby, as some persons can use the inside and others the outside.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Aspden and Edward
Hewitt Lambert at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 27th April 1869.
We, THOMAS ASPDEN, of No. 15, Upper Fountain Street, Leeds, in
the County of York, Milliner, and EDWARD HEWITT LAMBERT, of
No. 5, Adelphi Buildings, Kirkstall Road, Leeds, aforesaid, Boot Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN BOOTS AND SHOES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described
in the construction of boots and shoes, by which improvements the
ventilation of the said boots and shoes is effected.
We fix between the "in-sole" and the "out-sole" of the boot or shoe
an air tube or channel; this tube passes longitudinally through the heel
and the "waist" of the boot or shoe, and has at its upper side a longi-
tudinal slot or opening. A series of holes is formed in that part of the
"in-sole" which is over the said opening in the air tube, and air enters

page_text: the said tube at the heel end thereof and passes up into the boot or shoe
through the said opening and holes, the quantity of air thus admitted
being regulated as required by means of a slotted plug having on its
exterior a screw thread which engages in a female screw formed in the
heel end of the said tube.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF FURNACES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Taylor at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
November 1869.
I, JOHN TAYLOR, of Wigan, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF FURNACES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to that class of furnace now well known as
"rotary furnaces," wherein the fuel is gradually carried forward by
means of an endless chain of fire-bars, and is designed chiefly with a
view of adapting such furnaces to the flues of Cornish boilers.
The Invention consists principally in dispensing with the rollers or
drums round which the endless chain of fire-bars ordinarily passes, and
in supporting the latter upon a series of small friction rollers so that the
chain of bars will take up very much less room than heretofore, and can
return inside the flue, whereby the necessity for cutting through the
bottom of the flue and boiler for the passage of the chain of bars is
entirely obviated.
In carrying out my Invention I make the chain of bars shorter than
usual, and support it at each side of the flue by a series of small friction

page_text: rollers carried by a longitudinal frame. At the inner end of the
furnace I use no roller or drum, but allow the chain of bars after passing
the last pair of friction rollers to double or turn upon itself and return
along the bottom part of the flue. I drive the chain by means of two
drivers, each having (by preference) four snugs or projections for taking
hold of the chain, and being both driven in the same direction by means
of suitable gearing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MILL BILLS OR CHISELS AND PICKS FOR DRESSING MILL-. STONES, MARBLE, AND OTHER STONE
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Oharles Cushion at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th September 1869.
I, JAMES CHARLES CUSHION, of Penrose Street, Walworth, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MILL BILLS OR CHISELS AND PICKS FOR DRESSING MILL-.
STONES, MARBLE, AND OTHER STONE," to be as follows:―
This Invention relates to a hand tool or implement called a "bill"
used for dressing millstones and other stones, and consists in constructing
the said tool in the following manner:-I form the "bill" of one entire
piece of metal of a double wedge shape in the direction of its length or
tapering towards its ends so as to be thickest in the middle, and I form
a long hole in each end of the bill to receive the pieces of steel which
form the cutting edges of the tool of whatever shape it may require to be
made, and having inserted the said pieces of steel in the "bill" or
holder I securely fix and adjust them therein by means of set screws, so
that when in use it shall strike a solid blow. The "bill" thus con-
structed fits into a "thrift" or handle of the ordinary kind. The wedge
shape of which the "bill" is made drops into the wedge shape hole in
the "thrift" and holds the "bill" firmly therein, and when one cutting

page_text: edge is worn it is only necessary to turn the "bill" end for end in the
thrift," or by making the cutter (if a chisel shape) with a cutting
edge at each end thereof the steel may be turned end for end. I would
here remark that I am aware of mill bills having heretofore been made
with adjustable or separate pieces of steel or cutting points.
I desire it therefore to be distinctly understood that this Invention
consists solely in making the "bill" of one entire piece of metal of the
shape above described, and in securing and adjusting the cutting tools
therein by means of set screws.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TENTS AND SUNSHADES, OR WEATHER PROTECTORS SUITABLE FOR CARRIAGES AND OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Ritchie at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
August 1869.
I, GEORGE RITCHIE, of Belmont Villa, Tyrwhitt Road, Lewisham
Road, in the County of Kent; do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TENTS AND SUNSHADES,
OR WEATHER PROTECTORS SUITABLE FOR CARRIAGES AND OTHER VEHICLES," to be
as follows:
In the Specification of a former Patent granted to me on 25th
September 1868, No. 2948, was described the construction of a tent or
weather protector with a central pole and radial arms or ribs radiating
therefrom to carry the covering and curtains. According to my present
Invention I join the radial arms or ribs to a runner capable of sliding
on the central pole by preference by a stop hinge similar in principle to
that described in the Provisional Specification lodged by me May 1st,
1869, No. 1348. For the covering I prefer to use an article known as
rhea grass or nettle grown in China and India, and now woven in
England and used for dust coats and dresses. I prefer for the arms the
use of zinc let into a stop hinge and furnished at their outer cnds with

page_text: an eye or other means to fasten the covering at that point. At the other
or inner end the covering is attached to cords or stays passed through a
ring at or near the top of the pole and led down and attached to the
runner, by which means the covering is raised to the top of the pole
whilst the runner is depressed to raise the arms. When the tent is
erected for use, I fix the runner to the pole in its proper position by
means of a ratchet, or screw, or otherwise. To prevent the covering and
runner turning around the pole I prefer that the runner should be
provided with a square pin to traverse a slot made in the pole. To lower
or close up the tent or weather protector I employ a cord connected to
the runner to pass over a pulley or ring at the upper end of the pole,
by hauling on which the runner can be raised and so set free the
covering to fall with the arms close to the pole when out of use.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Dania, John Stott,
Thomas Stott, Robert Stott, and Samuel Stott at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 22nd April
1869.
We, GEORGE DANIA, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster,
Machine Maker, and JOHN STOTT, THOMAS STOTT, ROBERT STOTT, and
SAMUEL STOTT, of Wardle, near Rochdale, aforesaid, Woollen Manu-
facturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention is particularly applicable to the double carding engines
employed in the manufacture of wool, but it may be applied to other
carding engines used for cotton and other fibrous substances and for
bard waste.
According to one mode of performing our Invention we support the
main cylinders on each side of the middle doffer in fixed bearings, and
we support the axle of the middle doffer in bearings that are capable of
being raised or lowered or moved laterally by regulating screws or other
equivalents. By this arrangement the position of the middle doffer can

page_text: be readily adjusted to the surface of the main cylinders. Our Invention
may be modified by supporting the middle doffer in fixed bearings, and
the main cylinders and delivering doffer in bearings mounted on side
plates which are capable of being moved laterally by screws or other
equivalents.
Another part of our Invention consists in applying a stripping fancy
roller to the under surface of the main cylinders of carding engines for
keeping the cards free from fibres and in proper working condition.
AND IMPROVED INSULATING MOULDINGS AND STANDS FOR WALLS AND HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE FOR THE PREVENTION OF VERMIN
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter William Roberts at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th July 1869.
I, WALTER WILLIAM ROBERTS, of 83, Portland Road, Notting Hill,
Kensington, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "NEW AND IMPROVED INSULATING MOULDINGS AND
STANDS FOR WALLS AND HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE FOR THE PREVENTION OF VERMIN,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of insulating the ceilings and walls of rooms,
both top and bottom, by mouldings and skirtings hereafter described, so
that vermin cannot crawl thereon, likewise insulating mouldings,
cornices, and canopies either attached to or overhanging bedsteads by
being fixed to ceilings or bedsteads of shapes or sections with glazed
surfaces most suited to the purpose. Also certain stands of forms or
sections for supporting, surrounding, or attaching under the legs of
bedsteads, tables, chairs, and all furniture, especially bedroom furniture,
also hammock supports.
The method of insulating is accomplished by mouldings and shapes of
highly glazed substances of sections or forms, inverted or non-inverted,

page_text: most suited to the purpose, on which vermin cannot crawl up or under-
neath; such as glass, enamelled metals, glazed porcelain or earthenware,
japanned; highly polished; or glazed wood, or other known substances,
either alone or in combination with wood; india-rubber, papier mache,
metal, plaster of Paris; or cement for the purpose of fixing if desirable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS FOR VEHICLES AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ormrod Coffeen Evans at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th October 1869.
I, ORMROD COFFEEN EVANS, of No. 29, Upper Grange Road,
Bermondsey, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS FOR VEHICLES
AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in forming wheels with two felloes or rims,
the one being of a larger diameter than the other, and placing springs
between them in such manner as to cause them to maintain an uniform
circumferential distance between the outer and inner felloes or rims
when the wheel is at rest. One end of each spring is by preference
attached to the inside of the outer felloe or rim by means of screws or
other means of fastening, and the other end of each spring bears on the
periphery of the inner felloe or rim at such tension and pressure as that
any given number of the springs shall be made to carry any determined
maximum load. The said springs are made to assume an oblique direction
in relation to the line of the spokes or arms of an ordinary wooden
wheel, and in order to keep the springs from getting off the periphery
of the inner felloe or rim I form a groove or channel either by securing

page_text: a circular plate or segments of iron against each side of the felloe of a
larger diameter than the felloe itself, or by putting on a tyre of what is
known as grooved or channel iron or other metal or material.
My Invention will be more clearly understood by reference to the
accompanying Drawing. A shews the larger felloe or rim; B shews
the inner felloe or rim; C shews one of the circular plates forming the
groove with a portion removed to show the bearing of the springs upon
the periphery of the inner felloe or rim; D is the space between the
outer and inner felloes; letters E show the springs attached to the outer
felloe and bearing on the inner felloe of the wheel.
The operation of the wheel will be as follows, namely, when a load is
put upon the axle the bottom springs sustaining the load will on account
of their elasticity deflect, and the felloes will approach each other more
or less according to the weight placed upon the wheel, thus obviating
the necessity for springs as hitherto used in vehicles. When the wheel is
in motion the weight on the axle by reason of the oblique direction of
the springs causes the centre of the axle to be in advance of the vertical
centre of the outer rim.
This Invention may also be used in the construction of pulleys for the
purpose of maintaining an equal tension.
AN IMPROVED FURNACE CISTERN FOR MELTING MATERIAL FROM WHICH GLASS IS MADE; AND FOR KEEPING THE SAME IN WORKING CONDITION DURING THE PROCESS OF BLOWING
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Blunn and John Wild
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 29th September 1869.
We, WALTER BLUNN, Glass Manufacturer, and JOHN WILD, Manager,
both of Kilnhurst, near Rotherham, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED FURNACE
CISTERN FOR MELTING MATERIAL FROM WHICH GLASS IS MADE; AND FOR KEEPING
THE SAME IN WORKING CONDITION DURING THE PROCESS OF BLOWING," to be as
follows:-
The nature of this Invention consists in the novel and peculiar con-
struction of a glass furnace cistern in such a manner that the through
cross sectional joints in the side of the same are avoided and additional
heat may be externally applied to the furnace cistern during the working,
as herein-after described.
The improved furnace cistern is constructed with double walls in such
a manner as to prevent through joints, and the glass is melted therein
by firing a furnace at one end only. There is a separate furnace at the
other end of the cistern, which may be fired when the glass makers are
at work without inconvenience to them. By this means we generate
intense heat, which is passed right and left through horizontal fire flues

page_text: passing under the bottom, along each side, and round the corners of the
furnace cistern, and terminating at one end of the same in vertical flues.
The furnace cistern can be built under the ordinary stacks or chimneys
without altering them, which will be found economical and very advan-
tageous.