IMPROVEMENTS IN MA- CHINERY FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING, AND FOR ACCELERATING, AND FOR RETARDING MOTIVE POWER, AND FOR GIVING NOTICE OF ALARK IN EXPECTATION OF OR IN
Year: 1846

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
HERBERT MABERLY, of Stowmarket, Clerk, on my own behalf and on behalf
of THOMAS BRANWHITE, of Nattlesden, Millwright, and DENNIS LUSHER, of
Great Finborough, Farmer, all in the County of Suffolk, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Fifth day of November, in the tenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Frederick Herbert Maberly, Thomas Branwhite, and Dennis Lusher, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, Her especial licence, full power, sole
privilege and authority, that we, the said Frederick Herbert Maberly, Thomas
Branwhite, and Dennis Lusher, and such others as we, the said Frederick
Herbert Maberly, Thomas Branwhite, and Dennis Lusher, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, in the Islands of
Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and also in all Her Majesty's
Colonies and Plantations abroad, our Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MA-
CHINERY FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING, AND FOR ACCELERATING, AND FOR RETARDING
MOTIVE POWER, AND FOR GIVING NOTICE OF ALARK IN EXPECTATION OF OR IN

page_text: ACTUAL DANGER;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso obliging
us, the said Frederick Herbert Maberly, Thomas Branwhite, and Dennis
Lusher, to particularly describe and ascertain the nature of our said Inventions,
and in what manner the same are to be performed, by an instrument in writing
under band and scal, and to cause the same to be enrolled in Her Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
Frederick Herbert Maberly, Thomas Branwhite, and Dennis Lusher, do
hereby declare the nature of our said Inventions, and the manner in which
the same are to be performed, to be as the same are described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the illustra-
tive Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters of reference
marked thereon respectively:-
Our Invention consists, firstly, in a particular form of wheel, represented in
Sheet No. 1; of the Drawings, and designated "Wheel Plates;" this wheel avoid-
ing resistance of the air, as well as giving great strength to the wheel, preventing
the tire being thrown off whatever the velocity with which the wheel should be
driven. W represents the side face of the wheel, on what we call its tire side;
B, the side face of the wheel on its flanged side; F, simply the flanged part of
the wheel. Trepresents what we particularly claim, namely, the whole tire of the
wheel with its double flange. D, the tire part, being a hoop tire at right angles
to the flanged part, but bevilled a trifle on its inner side. The flange may be
considered double, having an inner and an outer part, being as it were divided
into two parts by the tire part; P, the inner part of the flange, to be bolted to
the inner portion of the wheel; L, the outer part of the flange necessary to
keep the wheel on the rails; A, the inner portion of the wheel, on the tire side
of it, with its bolt holes through it, and which portion consists of one or two
plates, either of wood or iron, or any other metal; if of two plates, having
these plates bolted together, and if of wood, those plates being bolted together,
having the reversed way of the grain of the wood to each other, and these
plates made bevilled at their rim, to fit, or nearly so, the bevelling of the tire,
so that when this portion of the wheel is drawn by the bolts towards the inner
flange the rim may fit tightly into the bevilled part of the tire, and so necessity
for beating the tire to make it fit tightly upon the wheel may possibly be
avoided. The tire may be bevilled on its inner or outer rim, or otherwise, as
those using it think good. G, the pipe box and both halves of the nave of the
wheel, one half of the nave being cast on the pipe box or fixed on it, which

page_text: after being passed through the wheel as the other half nave slid on it, and
then these half naves are bolted together by four or more bolts passing through
them, and also through the intervening part of the wheel, and so they are fixed
firmly to each other, as attached firmly to the inner portion of the wheel. The
box has a groove in it, and so is easily fixed on the axletree. The middle bolt
holes in Figure A are for bolting the plates together, the outermost for bolting
these plates to the inner flange of the tire; these wheels or tires, if applied to
common carriages or wheels, or other machinery or wheels, should have no
outer flange, and the tires may be of cast or wrought iron, or any other metal,
as may be most desirable. The inner half of the nave may be wrought upon
the axle of the carriage in railway carriages, and the outer half cast or fixed
upon the pipe box, and then this slid through the wheel and on the arm of
the axletree, and then, by bolts through these half naves and the intervening
part or parts of the wheel, the wheel would be fixed on the axle, if the naves
are cast; if it be preferred, they may be cast whole and together with their
boxes, or after the ordinary manner.
Description of parts once described not repeated.
Figure 1: Preprosents side plates passing from box to box of the wheels,
and attached to cach box; B, short lever breaks attached to side plates by.
screw bolts m passing from side to side, and through similar breaks on the
other side of the carriage; these bolts move in the side plates when needful.
Bolts also go similarly through these breaks at their upper ends. R is a rod
taking hold of these upper bolts in their middle, and which rod being attached
to bent lever L, allows these breaks to be put on or off' the rails at pleasure.
The levers are bent so as to be out of the way of the couplings. No. 2: B
shows the breaks, consisting of iron similarly placed and similarly fixed together
as the former, only here by three bolts, the middle one passing through chace
mortices in P, as do the middle ones of Figures 3 and 4; C, breaks and bolts
shewn together; R, a square rod passing over the middle of the axletree of the
wheel, and through the cross ends of P, having liberty to turn in holes
therein; I, irregular pieces fixed on this rod and so turned by it; thus when L
turns I one way they press on the middle bolts and force the breaks down on
the rail, and when the other way they press against the upper bolts and lift the
breaks off. Figure 3: B, (breaks similar to those at Figure 2) are connected
together by cross bars at their top, passing from side to side of the carriage, as,
by similar bolts, other cross bars fixed to the side plates pass over the former
cross bars, having screws in them, and attached by swivels to the cross bars of
the breaks, so when the screws are turned by their levers D, by medium of L
and the connecting rod, they either take off or put on these breaks. Figure 4:

page_text: B are little flanged wheels in the one case, and similar to B, Figure 2, in the
other; they are connected together at B of Figure 3; R, the same as in
Figure 2, only here it is moved longitudinally along the carriages by L, and
so brings the inclined planes x, which are fixed to it, on or off the middle bolts
and to the breaks on or off the rails. Small upright pieces U, on either side
of x, assist in doing this also, and allow the inclined plane to be moved first off
the bolts ere the breaks are moved from the rails. Figures 5 and 6: B denote
shoe breaks suspended on P, and attached to each other by m; E, pins on P, and
above B, to keep them parallel with the rails L, attached to the middle of the
hinder bolts of B, to remove them towards little wheel W (attached firmly to
P in Figure 5). The moment which is done, the train draws the carriage
upon B, by means of W, and raises the wheels of the carriage instantly off the
rails. In B', Figure 6, B and W are both moveable, for the more certain
getting the break off the rails; and two levers, one for B, and one for W,
might be most advantageous. The main levers might all be momentarily
fixed or loosed by spring racks. B³, on Figure 6, having wheels on their heels,
if desirable, are connected together by m, the lower bolt moving in a chaco
mortice, and are put on and off by L, through a rod attached to B and to L.
Figures 7 and 8: B, iron bars lined with wood, or whatever most desirable,
in the parts coming down on the wheels D, springs keeping them off the
wheels. L, in Figure 7, upon being raised, pressing upon the end of the lever
part of these bars, and is putting on these breaks. L, in Figure 8, drawing
wedge, by means of a rod between fixt roller above and rollers upon the lever
end of B, and so putting on these breaks. If these breaks are on both sides
of the carriage these bolts must pass through the extreme ends of the upper
breaks, and there must be an arrangement that the wedge should be similarly
drawn upon the middle of these bolts, and so press down these breaks on both
sides; a rod moving longitudinally along the top of the carriage and attached
to the end of the upright lever would enable any one easily to put on and
off these breaks. Figures 9, 10, and 11, shew ways of putting on breaks on
several carriages at once. Figure 9: R, break rods, having a limited motion,
connected together by chains passing over coupling pieces hinged together and
hollowed out so as to retain the chains upon them, and to allow the carriages
to recede from or approach each other. By this means the chains are equally
distended at all times, and so the breaks of every carriage in any way attached
to them may be instantly put on. The coupling pieces for extending the
breaks may be hinged on the cross ends of the side plates, or they may be
hinged together in the middle, as C, P, and slid into grooves on the cross ends
. of P. Figure 10: R, break rod through the middle of carriage and over the

page_text: alxetrees B, universal ball joints connecting these rods, their square spindles
sliding in and out in square grooves in these rods, as the carriages come close
or otherwise. Thus L can turn the break rods in both carriages, and put on
or off any breaks attached to them or to riggers on them. In Figure 11,
chains from the spindles of universal ball joints, acting as buffers and connect-
ing the carriages together, are attached to the bolts of B of each carriage,
and so B are drawn off or let on by the drawing out or coming closer of the
carriages, and these breaks will act either way according as the carriages are
drawn. Figure 12 is an interior or inside-out view, and exhibits band breaks
fixed to the side plates at one end and connected together by bars F. A
bolt m goes across the carriages fixed at its ends to P; a rod R swings upon m
by two bars B; a short lever D having m for its fulcrum is attached to rod V,
and so to L, then by moving L the rod R is pressed down on bars F, and so
the bands are drawn tight. Figure 18 is only a side view of these; riggers on
the middle of the axletrees with these breaks might thus be made to answer
for both wheels. Figure 14 merely exhibits a compound lever to give facility
and power to put on the breaks, either by more easily turning the break rods
or otherwise. T, a triangle with its fulcrum F attached at its other sides to
levers G, I, while G is attached to H, and I to K, and in this way K operates
upon rods R and turns the same, and so in like manner it may improve the
lever power employed throughout, being properly fixed for the purpose.
Figure 15 represents break of my former Patent applied at the upper part of
the wheel, and without its wheel foot; it consists of a turned bar fixed firmly
on a pivot (on which it turns) a little above the axletree, and so when it is let
fall descends upon the rim of the wheels and stops them. This break, as
applied to railway carriages, have these bars united at their upper ends by a
bar going right across the carriages, and as these bars fall, a block being put
under those parts which are over the tire and stops the wheels, and this may
answer for the description of the breaks in Figures 9, 10, and 11. Figure 18,
a carriage driven by springs in box, and as there set forth, explanation being
scarcely necessary, as it is obvious how one part drives the other, and so at
last the springs the wheels. The red figures shew the manner of changing
the motion of the driving wheels by throwing black wheel B on the axletree
out of gear, and bringing red R one into gear. The box contains several
strong springs; the eye of each spring from the middle to the ends to enlarge
to admit the proper sized key for each to wind them up; may be wound up by
hand or steam and mechanical powers combined. To improve this machinery,
though complete in itself, I introduce between the wheel A and the axletree
(the wheel B and the cogs of A being removed) a compound lever according

page_text: to Figures 19, working the now cranked axletree of the driving wheels, and
this compound lever worked itself by the last wheel A, having upon its face
the grooved part of D, in Figure 16, and so working rod S by its ball B of
Figure 17, properly placed, backward and forward, and S being attached to L
would work it backward and forward, and so by the other levers, the last
attached to the cranked axletreo of the wheels would it drive the wheels
themselves round. In addition, between the ends of the last lever M,
Figure 19, dividing it, I introduce the triangle, as exhibited in Figure 14, to
still further increase the power of this machine. Every thing here must be
regulated by the velocity and power required, and this machine is intended for
carriages on rail or tramways. Figure 16, faced wheel D, grooved as repre-
sented, or according to the motion desired to give to the wheel ball B, the
groove being made by plates upon the face of the wheel D, and standing out
boldly upon it, and in this way I make wheel D an outer balance one; and
this outer balance thus obtained, and so placed as to give greater facility
and power to the operation of the wheel, is one part of my Invention.
Figure 17, wheel ball B attached to S, a straight piece, by a spindle, on which
it revolves as it is carried round in the groove of the wheel D. The face of
this Figure is brought into contact with the face of the former, with the wheel
ball B in the groove D, and then as D revolves upon its centre C it carries
B with it along its groove, and thus gives the sliding rod S the direction you
wish it to move in. As shown, S slides in F, having rollers in it to facilitate
its motion, but F is not always necessary, In this way I give, in a peculiar
way, a perpendicular or othe motion to any rod or other thing attached to B,
and so I drive, in Figure 20, by a circular motion the rod carrying the
chaff-cutter knife up and down, giving it thus also a saw-cutting motion,
and without the intervention of a crank, save that by which the wheel D itself
may be driven. This may be easily applied to any wheel chaff-cutter; and so,
in Figure 21, 1 drive the pump rod R up and down by a circular motion
without a crank, save as aforesaid, the pump rod being attached at its top
en to the sliding rod S. The ball B goes right up and down in the machinery
on 21, and circularly in that of 20, the ball being guided in the one case by
grooves in the post P of 21, and by S working in couplings, and in the other
by Q and the knife frame.
Windmill. A represents a windmill with fan-tailed sails on a circle,
and as the working power; B, the jointed tail, bringing and keeping
the sails in or out of the wind; C, the head of mill framed as repre-
sented, and carrying the wind shaft D, with cogged break wheel upon it.
E, the upright hollow post of the mill, upon which the head of the mill

page_text: revolves, with iron shaft passing through the post, and carrying the crown nut
on the top of the shaft, and which crown nut is worked round by the cogged
break wheel, carrying the spindle of the nut with it, and by which mill-stones
are turned, or any other work that is required is performed, the necessary gear
work being attached to this spindle. F is a pole in a line with the frame-
work of the mill, over which a rope G passes, and which, being attached to the
tail and to a weight II, holds the tail in its proper direction to keep the mill
in the wind, at the same time allowing it to come out of the wind when
the gale is too strong. K is a pole at right angles to the former pole,
and over which a rope
L passes and to the tail at its opposite side, and
which draws the tail when hung on it in a line with the mill sails, and so
brings the sails edgeways to the wind, and so out of the wind. When
the one weight is on the other should be off. The working sails need not be
of this form or of iron, as it is here intended they should be, though the
velocity and power will be greater in proportion to the diameter than in almost
any other case.
What is claimed here is the jointed tail, and the described
manner of bringing the mill sails in and out of wind, and of instantly retarding
them, and setting them in motion.
Flour Dressing Machine.-A, single one; B, double one, and according to
which principle and manner another and another may be added underneath or
otherwise, as thought good; C, framework; D, upright spindle in both cases,
stationary in Figure A and rotatory in Figure B. In Figure A the crown nut
by the upright rods E (being four) carry the circular brush frame F round
the spindle D, and so the brushes with their frame. These brushes and their
frame are horizontal and work over a wire sieve, and so drive the flour through
it, driving out at the spout G what does not go through. II is the hopper,
and I is the shoe conveying the flour into the sieve through the eye of the
sieve frame, similarly to wheat, &c. is conveyed into mill-stones for grinding.
The spindle D in the machine A is screwed at K to raise or lower the brush
frame that rests upon its bossed head, so that the brushes may press harder or
lighter upon the sieve. In Figure B the rotatory spindle D carries the brush
frames, the same being keyed upon it, and so set at any distance from their
respective sieves as required. In this case the spindle D rests upon a step
brass upon the bridge beam L below it, and in which it revolves. In this case
the coarse flour and bran pass out of the upper spout into the lower shoe, and
so on to the second siove, where the flour undergoes the same process as before,
the bran, &c. coming out of the spout hole of this sieve; and the same may be
repeated by a similar apparatus below or placed beside B. F, the brush

page_text: frame, has hair brushes (probably the best) arranged as shewn upon it and
underneath it. Straps or bevel or spur wheels may be used to drive these
machines, which may be worked by steam, &c. or by hand.
In regard to the wheel, what I claim is the tire, in combination with the
double flange (and which is what I call the whole tire T), for the use of
railways especially, though without the outer flange, when in use on common
or other wheels.
What I claim in regard to the breaks is simply the combination of the ma-
chinery used in putting them on, whether in single carriages or in two or more.
What I claim in regard to the break carriages is, the combination of the
various parts as described and exhibited for the prevention of the fatal effects
of collisions.
What I claim in regard to the carriage driven by springs is, the com-
bination of several springs in the box, so arranged that the eyes of the springs
nearest the middle are less than those nearest the outside, so that each may
easily be wound up separately, and the particular manner exhibited of changing
the direction of the driving wheel, as also the introduction of the machinery,
Figures 17 and 19, and of the triangular motion in Figure 14, when the latter
which on the axletree of the wheels is removed, and the axletrce is made a
cranked one.
What I claim in respect to Figures 17 and 18 is, their combined action after
the peculiar manner set forth, and so that they may be made applicable to
drive chaff-cutters or pumps as set forth, and which peculiar manner of driving
these machines, as also of driving the spring carriage when applied to it,
I also claim; and so that the wheel D, being made an outer balance one by
the grooving plates upon its face, should give increased efficiency to the motive
power, which it will do if the outer balance part comes into operation just
previously to the power used particularly needing assistance, as in the pump it
does upon its lift, and in the chaff cutter it does when the pump is to be
forced down, and in the spring carriage when the crank and lever become
parallel to each other; and this peculiar manner of applying the outer balance
I also claim.
In regard to the windmill, which is the contrivance of my partners in the
Patent, I claim the easy and simple manner of bringing the mill sails in or
out of wind by the operation of the jointed part, as set forth in the Drawing
and its description.
I claim also, in regard to the flour dressing machine chiefly the combined
and simple horizontal action of the double one, as set forth.

page_text: I claim also the following improvement upon the universal ball and cup,
and ball joints, as a fastening for railway carriages; namely, that the spindles
of these joints be screwed and into square nuts, moving backwards and forwards
n square grooves; the nuts being so fastened under the carriage, nevertheless,
hat they cannot be drawn out altogether from under them.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Herbert Maberly, have for
myself and the said Thomas Branwhite and Dennis Lusher, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-seven.
FREDERICK HERBERT (L.S.) MABERLY.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fifth day of May, in the
tenth year of the reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, the said Frederick
Herbert Maberly came before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery,
and acknowledged the Instrument aforesaid, and all and every thing therein
contained and specified, in form above written. And also the Instrument
aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made in the
fifty-fifth year of the reign of His late Majesty King George the Third.
Inrolled the Fifth day of May, One thousand eight hundred and forty-
seven.