An Apparatus for Sketching and Facilitating Artistic Study.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 18:h Apr., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 18th Jan., 1832-Accepted, 16th Apr., 1-92
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Apparatus for Sketching and Facilitating Artistic Study.
We, AIMEE KATHERINE OSBORNE MOORE, of 41 etheart Road, London.
S.W. Artist, and HIPPOLYTE BOURCEY, of 139 Boulevard S. Michel, Peri.
Artist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object an apparatus to be called a philograph for
sketching and facilitating artistic study.
The apparatus consists of a stand supporting a frame in which is a sheet of glass.
The stand is so constructed that the position of the glass and its distance from the
ground may be adjusted. The stand is also provided with an adjustable arm in
which there is an aperture or apertures. Or the arm may be supported by a second
stand separate from that which carries the glass and frame.
The surface of the glass receives an outline marked upon it preferably with
lithographic chalk.
In the use of the apparatus the glass is set up in front of the object to be studied
and the arm with the sight aperture is erected in front of the glass so that the
object can be seen through the aperture as it is desired to be drawn. The artist
then proceeds, whilst looking at the object through the sight aperture, to mark
upon the glass the positions of the salient points in the object. Thereby he may
check the accuracy of a sketch previously made or he may make use of the
information obtained by the aid of the instrument to sketch more accurately than he
otherwise could.
The philograph is either portable or stationary.
The stationary philograph consists of a grooved frame fixed to an upright bar
supported by a heavy branched foot. A pane of glass fits into the grooved frame
and can be removed at pleasure. Together with this a chair or stool is used: it
has an upright bar fixed to it pierced with one or more eye holes.
".
"
A moveable pierced metal shutter or stop can be added to vary the size of
the eye hole.
The upright bar fixed to the chair is sometimes replaced by a similar one on
a foot of its own to stand in front of the student.
+6
The portable philograph is a wooden box with fittings to hold a pane of glass in
a vertical position by means of grooves and a moveable wooden bar forming a "key"
or wedge and serving to hold in its place at the same time an upright wooden
arm. This arin is pierced with one or more apertures through which the student
will look to draw the outline of the object before him.
In certain perspective drawings the box will be turned round the upright sight-
bar placed at the opposite end, the glass placed nearer the centre of box and both
made firm by means of two short wedge bars, in this case a sight bar with much
larger aperture is used.
A double eye-glass with one glass darkened can be used to facilitate looking
through the eye hole.
By means of a hole in the bottom of the box or of small eyes which are screwed
into the four sides of the same the portable philograph can be firmly fixed to any
hotographers camera stand or to a stool or table according to convenience.
From the drawing a tracing is made on tracing paper or on gelatine.
By means of drawings made on gelatine we obtain enlargements using any
enlarging or magic lantern for the purpose.
The following table enumerates the different applications of the philograph; by
its help the student can :—
1. Draw a nortrait in outline (likeness guarantee:1).

page_text: 2. Reproduce in correct perspective any building interior or exterior, any object
or piece of furniture, monument or the like.
3. Draw in correct proportion any plastic cast figure or figure from nature.
4. Obtain the chief lines and proportions of a large picture in any given
dimensions.
5. Reproduce plants, flowers, anatomical casts skeletons or any other object from
"the flat" or iroin the round."
6. Draw with great rapidity the folds of any drapery.
7. Render with exactitude ornamental work of the most complicated character
(enlarging or diminishing as may be required).
8. Copy ancient writings and inscriptions.
9. Draw the most difficult fore shortenings of the human figure or of any other
organic body.
10. Draw with rapidity and correctly the topography of any given landscape.
11. The philograph is also capable of use for producing illustrated placards and
advertisements for theatres and the like.
12. In enlarging portraits from photographs.
13. For copying and enlarging drawings of machinery.
14. The same for geographical maps and school diagrams of all sorts.
15. In the exhibition and advertisement of drawings not yet published.
16. For painted glass windows (enlarging and reducing designs) also for wall
panels and embrodiery and the like.
17. For the adaptation of all kinds of pictorial subjects to the decoration of
porcelain, fans, screens, and panels and the like.
18. For the amusement of any sized audience by the exhibition of enlarged
portraits of celebrities, caricatures and the like.
Dated this 17th day of April 1891,
AIMEE K. OSBORNE MOORE.
HIPPOLYTE BOURCEY.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Apparatus for Sketching and Facilitating Artistic Study.
We, AIMEE KATHERINE OSBORNE MOORE, of 41 Cathcart Road, London,
S W., Artist, and HIPPOLYTE BOURCEY, of 139 Boulevard S. Michel, Paris,
Artist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the
same is to he performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
Our invention relates to an apparatus which we call a "philograph," which is an
instrument for educating the eye and enables it to see on a field of sight suitably
situated the reduced image of an object or of a group of objects occupying any
position in space at the same time it gives facility for drawing such image directly
upon a transparent sereen which covers the field of sight or upon a paper arranged
ad hee, and to a scale which is variable ad libitum.
The "philograph" consists essentially of a support A carrying a diaphragm of
rigid material pierced with a circular opening and fixed at right angles at the end
of a bar or rod B perpendicular to the board T, which occupies the other extremity
(Figs. 1 and 2).
The aperture is of small diameter for regarding distant objects, and will be of
larger diameter if the objects are nearer; two sizes suitably calibrated, D and d
will be sufficient for all cases, opening D having to be arranged at a shorter distance
from the board T than dis. For this purpose the board T is held by a binding
screw in a groove R formed in the sleeve S, which is adjustable on the bar B to
which it can be fixed by the screw 8.
The support A of the diaphragm is attached to the end of the bar B by a bolt E;
this bolt which is placed in a slot and pivotted upon the pin e, enables, by

page_text: tightening the nut a, the support to be fixed perpendicularly to the end of the bar B
(Figs. 1 and 3), or, by loosening the nut a and causing the bolt E to turn upon the
pin e, the support A can be folded down upon the bar B for packing or transporting
the apparatus (Fig. 4). The longitudinal slit D d, and the nut with ears o enables,
further, the aperture D or d to be fixed in the required position to suit the
operation, in front of the field of sight F provided on the left side of the board T:
a sliding panel which works behind the board T, where it can occupy two
rectangular positions, enables a sight window or opening to be provided either in
height as at F, or in width as at F1, according to the form of drawing which is to
be made.
The two fixed sides of the variable rectangle are divided into millimetres
(Fig. 2). A paper stretched on the board T ends at the edges of the window or
opening For, which is itself covered with a sheet of gelatine or other transparent
material fixed by buttons.
The eye placed behind the aperture D or d (which may remain open or be
provided with a short-sighted or long-sighted lens or glass held in position by a
spring) will see in the field of vision F, a reduced image of the objects situated
beyond, and it is easy by directing the pencil (fixed to the end of a pantograph
(secured at p) so that the point l' follows the contour of the image visible on the
gelatine, to trace, on the right side of board T a drawing of the objects seen, the
dimensions of which with regard to the image on F, will be in the proportion of p P
top C.
Fig. 3, shows the apparatus as being mounted on a strong, firm, trestle frame,
having three feet, and is suitable for use in studios. This form of the apparatus we
call the scholastic philograph."
Fig. 6 shows the apparatus fixed on a light tripod frame and is suitable for out
door work, a fourth leg being added to the frame as shown, if desired, so as to
ensure the stability of the instrument, such fourth leg being made adjustable so as
to enable the bar B to be inclined to the horizon. This form of the apparatus we
call the polymobile philograph."
Fig. 7 shows the apparatus as being made in the form of a box in which all the
parts, including the board T (which may be made to fold in two on hinges, if
desired), the gelatine or other transparent material, paper and all artists' requisites
may be enclosed. This form of the apparatus we call a philographic box."
Fig. 8 shows the apparatus made in a form suitable to be held in the hand. S is
the handle to be held in the left hand, so that the right eye may be placed opposite
the sight aperture D or d, while the right hand draws on the board T. This form
of the apparatus we call a travelling philograph."
Fig. 9 shows a simplified form of philograph S T. without diaphragm, and which
is reduced to a board T supported by a single adjustable leg S, the field of sight
being (as shown more clearly on an enlarged scale in Fig. 11) provided with a sheet
of gelatine or other transparent material For F, divided into geometrical zones by
means of three india rubber threads h, i, k, which lengthen or shorten with the
displacement of the slide so as to always form two diagonals and one of the
bisectrices, a cord hooked at / serving to fix the slide by attaching it to the button m,
this system of register enabling the operator placed at a proper distance from the
board T, to draw directly on the gelatine or other transparent material the image
seen by the naked eye, or to trace it by means of the pantograph upon the paper,
upon which the geometrical figure H, 1, K, has been previously traced. This form
of apparatus we call a "cavalier philograph."
Fig. 10 shows an ultra simplified philograph S T, without diaphragm, gelatine
(or other transparent material) or pantograph, by which when the operator has
determined the position and the dimensions of his field of sight For F, (which is
shown on an enlarged scale in Fig. 1) by suitably fixing the cord to the
button m, he traces to the scale he has chosen the geometrical figure h, i, k, formed
by the three india rubber threads, at H, I, K, on the right of the board T; it is
then easy for him to sketch freely upon the paper, the image seen by the naked eye

page_text: and at a suitable distance by the extensible field of sight, grouping his tracing on
the geometrical figure as the image on the field of sight is grouped in relation to the
three india rubber threads.
so as to
Fig. 11 shows the extensible graduated field of sight composed of three india
rubber threads h, i, i, fixed to the board T and also to the sliding panel.
always form two diagonals of the field of sight and one bisectrix, the fixed edges, h
and being divided into millimetres; the geometrical fi, ure II, 1. K, permits the
register of the image seen through the field of sight F.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
Non, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
1. The instrument A BST called a philograph, useful for teaching drawing,
because it produces rapidly direct tracings on gelatine or other transparent
material, or drawings on paper, to a variable seale, by means of any suitable
pantograph (preferably an india rubber pantograph) employed as above described.
2. The employment of gelatine or other transparent material mounted upon a
variable field of sight, so as to enable a drawing to be produced direct either by pen,
hrush, lithographic chalk or by an engraving tool, of an image of distant objects,
the enlargement of which can be subsequently effected in the studio by any
suitable process, and especially by projection by light upon paper, a wooden panel
or upon a sheet.
3. The employment of two graduated sight apertures of different diameters D
and d, and the option of providing one or other of same with a short-sighted or
long-sighted optical glass or lens held in position by a spring (Fig. 2)
4. The philograph A BST fixed on a strong and firm trestle frame having
three feet for working in studios, called the scholastic philograph" (Fig. 5),
5. The philograph A BST fixed on a light tripod for open air work, with the
option of employing (so as if required to ensure the stability of the instrument) a
fourth leg, which is adjustable to enable the bar B to be inclined to the horizon.
called the polymobile philograph" (Fig. 6).
"
6. The philograph A B ST arranged to be enclosed in a box containing all the
parts including the board T folding in two by means of hinges (if desired) as well
as the gelatine or other transparent material, paper, and all artists requisites,
called a philographic box" (Fig. 7).
7. The philograph ABS T without stand or support and held in the left hand
by the handle S so that the right eye may be opposite the sight aperture 1) or d,
while the right hand draws on the board T, called a "travelling philograph
(Fig. 8).
"
8. The simplified philograph S T. without diaphragm, and reduced to a board T
supported by a single adjustable leg S, the field of sight being provided with a
sheet of gelatine or other transparent material For F, divided into geometrical
zones by means of three india rubber threads h, k, which lengthen or shorten with
the displacement of the slide so as to always form two diagonals and one of the
bisectrices, a cord hooked at serving to fix the slide by attaching it to the
button, this system of register enabling the operator placed at a proper distance
from the hoard T, to drow directly on the gelatine or other transparent material
the image seen by the naked eye, or to trace it by means of the pantograph upon
the paper, upon which the retrical figure H, 1. K. has been previously traced.—
alled a cavalier philograph Fig. 9 and 11.
9. The ultra sinditii philocaph S T. without diaphragm, gelatine for other
transparent material) or pantograph, by which when the operator is determined
The position and the dimensions of his field of sight For F, by suitably fixing the
cond to the button, he traces to the scale he has chosen the geometrical
figure h, i, k, formed by the three india rubber threads, at H, 1, K, on the right of
the board T; it is then easy for him to sketch freely upon the paper, the image
seen by the naked eye and at a suitable distance by the extensible field of sight,

page_text: grouping his tracing on the geometrical figure as the image on the field of sight is
grouped in relation to the three india rubber threads Figs. 10 and 11).
10. The extensible graduated field of sight with india rubber threads, composed
of three india rubber threads h. i, k, fixed so as to always form two diagonals of the
field of sight and one bisectrix, the fixed edges and being divided into
millimetres the geometrical figure H, I. K. permitting the register of the image
seen by the field of sight F (Fig. 11).
Dated this 18th day of January 1892.
ALLISON BROS.,
Agents for the Applicants.