IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TWINING OR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON OR OTHER YARNS AND THREADS
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Grant, of Mansfield, in the County of
Nottingham, Manager of Cotton Thread Works, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TWINING OR SPINNING AND
DOUBLING COTTON OR OTHER YARNS AND THREADS."
Sealed the 19th September 1861, and dated the 25th March 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Grant at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th March 1861.
I, JOHN GRANT, of Mansfield, in the County of Nottingham, Manager of
Cotton Thread Works, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TWINING OR SPINNING AND
DOUBLING COTTON OR OTHER YARNS AND THREADS," to be as follows :—
My Invention consists, in the first place, of utilizing power, which on the
old or known system in use is lost in friction on dead surfaces; and, secondly,
the lessening of the total friction and the equalizing of the drag or tension on
the yarn or thread, which gives greater uniformity of twist. These objects are
obtained by a rotating collar and flange inserted in the lift or copping rail,
through which collar the spindle works, the bobbin turning in the ordinary
way on the spindle, the bottom of which rests on the flange. The flange and

page_text: collar are susceptible of movement through the spindle running in them, and
further, by the bobbin turning upon the flange, and as the bobbin increases in
weight, the rotation is thereby increased, which produces the uniformity of
tension or drag on the thread while receiving the twist, which yields an
uniformity of twist otherwise less attainable than by this my Invention. I
thus effect economy by causing fewer breakages of threads, and consequently
bave fewer stoppages, making less waste with increased production of work;
the spindle moves with less friction, and glutting or fastening of the same is
avoided, which, moreover, saves both power and fuel. It regulates and greatly
equalizes the tension on the yarn or thread at all states or stages of fullness of
the bobbin, which allows of increased speed, yields more uniform thread,
greatly lessens the cutting and wear of flyers, and causes a more uniform stress
on spindles, washers, bands, belts, and gearing, which effects considerable
saving in each of these items respectively, and also in that of oil. The
durability of its collar and its truth are preserved, first, by reducing the total
friction, as previously indicated, and further, by expending the unavoidable
friction on the entire circumference of the hole, instead of on one side thereof
only, as in the ordinary way.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Grant in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 25th
September 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
GRANT, of Mansfield, in the County of Nottingham, Manager of Cotton
Thread Works, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Grant, Her special licence that I, the said John Grant,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John
Grant, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use; exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TWINING OR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON OR

page_text: OTHER YARNS AND THREADS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said John Grant, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Grant, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and
to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say::
My Invention consists, in the first place, of utilizing power, which on the
old or known principle or system in use is lost in friction on dead surfaces;
and, secondly, the lessening of the total friction, and an equalizing of the drag
or tension on the yarn or thread, which gives greater uniformity of twist.
These objects are obtained by a rotating collar and flange inserted in the lift
or copping rail, through which collar the spindle works, the bobbin turning in
the ordinary way on the spindle, and the bottom of it resting on the said
Alange. The flange and collar are susceptible of receiving movement from the
spindle running in them, and further, from the bobbin turning upon the flange,
and as the bobbin increases in weight the rotation is thereby increased, which
produces the uniformity of tension or drag on the thread while receiving the
twist, which yields an uniformity of twist otherwise less attainable than by this
my Invention. I thus effect economy by eausing fewer breakages of threads,
and consequently have fewer stoppages, making less waste, with increased
production of work; the spindle moves with less friction, and glutting or
fastening of the same is avoided, which, moreover, saves both power and fuel.
It regulates and greatly equalizes the tension on the yarn or thread at all
states or stages of fullness of the bobbin, which allows of increased speed, yields
more uniform thread, greatly lessens the cutting and wear of flyers, and causes
a more uniform stress on spindles, washers, bands, belts, and gearing, and thus
effects considerable saving in each of these items respectively, and also-in that
of oil. The durability of the eollar and its truth are preserved, first, by
lessening the total friction, as previously indicated, and further, by expending
the unavoidable friction on the entire circumference of the hole, instead of on
one side thereof only, as in the ordinary way.
Having thus set forth the nature of the said Invention, I now proceed to
describe in what manner the same may be performed.

page_text: Sheet 1. Figure 1 is a sectional view of a spindle A as heretofore used,
and arranged with two stationary rails B, and a lift or copping rail C, on which
is placed the cloth washer; Figure 2 is also a sectional view, and Figure 3 a
front view, shewing my improvements, which consist of the following arrange-
ment, that is to say, of a flanged bolster or collar D set in the lift or copping
rail C, through which bolster or collar D is passed the upper end of the spindle
A, the lower end of which runs in a brass step E secured in a stationary
rail B. On the top of the bolster or collar D, which rotates with the spindle A,
is an ordinary cloth washer F, above which is placed the bobbin G, the thread
passing the flier H with less stress than heretofore preserves the flier and
raises less fibre. The rotating action of the collar D is regulated by the set
screw I. It is thus apparent that this my arrangement is applicable to throstle
and doubling frames, and relates to all states in which the thread or material
passes the flier, which gives it the twist while it drives or gives motion to the
bobbin on to which it passes; and the flanged collar or bolster serves a two-
fold purpose, namely, as a spindle bearing for the spindle to run in it, and as
a bobbin and washer bearing for those to run upon it. The flange is much
more suitable for the bobbin to run upon steadily and lightly than is the dead
surface of the ordinary lifting rail; first, from its shape being better adapted to
suit the bobbin; secondly, from its necessary and permanent parallel lift with
the spindle; and thirdly, from its rotation in the same direction as bobbin and
spindle; each of these separately, and also all, when combined, admit of the
bobbin running much more steadily, and produce an uniformity of drag which
cannot be attained on the dead and unsuitable surface of the ordinary lifting
rail. Thus the friction on the bobbin bearing is brought to and kept at its
minimum, the effect of which is to reduce the friction of the yarn on the flier
to its minimum, which both cuts the flier less and raises less fibre on the
yarn, &c. than the ordinary way. The friction or impediment being thus
lessened and equalized on the bobbin, and consequently on the flier, it is
evident that these combined effects are necessarily great in reducing the side
friction of the spindle on the collar, through which all the force necessary for
driving these has to pass, hence the saving of power and the saving of wear
on both collar and spindle. Moreover the rotation of the collar in the same
direction as that of the spindle distributes the unavoidable wear on the collar
over the whole circumference of the hole, and so preserves the hole perfectly
true, and makes it much more lasting than it would be according to the ordi-
nary way, in which the wear is all at one point. The effect of all this in

page_text: preserving the spindle bands and in maintaining. their efficiency is obvious.
These light and ordinarily overtaxed vehicles of power. have. by. this application
much less to convey than by the ordinary way, hence the saving in spindle
bands, and the greater uniformity of twist as well as uniformity of tension on
the yarns, &c. The same applies to the cylinder and driving belts and gearing
throughout, less power through each and every vehicle or medium being
required; hence.arise permanency, economy, and efficiency at all points. The
action of spindle in collar and bobbin on the flange of same combine to give
it motion, whichi motion is regulated by a horizontal side screw, either with or
without packing of same, and which can, if desired, be adjusted momentarily,
so as to stop the rotation of the collar in order to work it at one fixed point,
and can be re-adjusted as quickly to work it at any other point. In this way
even it exhibits immense advantages over the ordinary fastened collar, but to
allow it liberty for continuous rotation is best.
It is thus apparent that this my arrangement materially lessens the side
friction of the spindle on the inside of the collar, and expends the unavoidable
friction on the whole circumference of the hole instead of at one point only,
which makes the collar considerably more lasting, and preserves the perfect
parallel lift of the bobbin with tho spindle, which is one necessary condition
in securing high speed without excess of drag on heavy work, and also in
securing high speed without excess of breakages on fine work. That a con-
siderable amount of power is saved by this arrangement will be clear and
manifest. The collar rotating in the same direction as the spindle resists and
impedes it less, thereby lessening at this point the friction and wear on both,
which renders it of less relative importance of what metal the collar is made,
especially for middling and fine doubling.
By this application to the spindle and collar bearings and to the bobbin and
washer bearings, the minimum of impediment or friction at these central and
principal impeding or power-absorbing points is attained and secured,
and glutting is entirely avoided; and my arrangement, besides yielding other
advantages, also furnishes the best facilities for securing uniformity of twist in
doubling frames worked without top rollers, and affords the best means for
the use of inverted fliers.
The following are some of the advantages which my Invention yields, both
5 over the fixed collars in stationary rails and the fixed collar in lift or copping
rails, namely, a very considerable per-centage is saved, firstly, in the amount
of fuel required; secondly, in washers; thirdly, in spindle bands; and,
fourthly, in driving belts, and in the cutting and wear of fliers, causing less
stress on cylinders, machinery, and gearing throughout, and less absorption of

page_text: oil. And the adoption of my Invention operates favorably to the manufacture
of cotton, or other yarns or threads in the following respects, namely, firstly,
by yielding greater uniformity of twist; secondly, by raising less fibre on the
work; and, thirdly, by causing fewer breakages, and therefore making less-
knots, thus preventing waste, besides producing better work with increase in
the quantity.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same may be carried into effect, I declare that I claim as my
improvements in machinery or apparatus for twining or spinning and doubling
yarns and threads, the application or use of a rotating flanged collar or bolster
as exemplified in Figures 2 and 3, and herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Grant, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-third day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
Witness,
GEO. JON. ROBINSON,
Patent Office,
Nottingham.
JOHN GRANT. (L.s.)