AN IMPROVED DRY SYSTEM OF DISPOSING OF SEWAGE OR OF REFUSE ORGANIC MATTER IN DWELLINGS OR ELSEWHERE
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION,
THOS. HAWKSLEY M.D. Lond: Physician 20 Lowes Crescent, Brighton, I do
hereby declare the nature of my invention for AN IMPROVED DRY SYSTEM OF
DISPOSING OF SEWAGE OR OF REFUSE ORGANIC MATTER IN DWELLINGS OR
ELSEWHERE to be as follows:-
1st in a modification of the ordinary closet; in which two basins are employed,
one of the ordinary size but with a larger opening at the bottom, & without the
water conduit. The other smaller is made of a size to fit round the outer lower border
of the first, so that when in opposition the two make one complete basin. From
the centre & outside of the lower basin springs a long curved lever centred for
movement round an axis fixed at the required point, & terminating in a handle.
This lever is furnished with a counterpoise weight so that when the apparatus is at.
rest the lower basin is kept automatically closed upon the upper fixed basin, &
when the handle is pulled the lower basin is swept swiftly away from the upper &
thus allows the instantaneous descent of anything deposited upon it. This action.
may be modified by making the lower basin in two equal halves & hinged to the
upper, to be kept closed automatically by the counterpoise weight, & as before
opened suddenly & completely by the action of the lover when the handle is
pulled. 2nd in in the adoption of a moveable lining for the basin made of old
paper, rags, straw, & any other cheap suitable material, to be manufactd in a shape
to fit the basin exactly, & with a portion of dry earth in the centre so covered in
the structure as not to spill, & answering the double purpose of a chemical deodorant
& of a central weight, so that when loaded with tho refuse matter to be discharged,
the handle of the lever being pulled, the paper lining & its contents instantly drop
in the line of gravity through a shaft into a tank provided with dry earth at tho
bottom. These paper & earth linings being nested occupy little space & would be
kept in quantity in every closet; one to be used every time the closet is used..
The 3rd part of the invention consists in the shaft adopted to convey the refuse,
matters from the closet to the tank at the basement of the house or other convenient.
position. It is a perpendicular enclosed space providing for each closet erected a
clear area horizontly of of 18 or 20 inches by 24 inches & a perpendicular length.
equal to the distance between the closet & the tank beneath. So that if provision.
had to be made for four floors & four closets the shaft at its lower part would be.

page_text: about 6 ft by 2 feet in the horizontal; at the first floor 4 feet by the same; at the
second floor 3 feet by the same; & at the third floor 14 feet by the same. In
addition to these perpendicular areas for the service of the closets another air shaft
or space would be provided for conveying a constant current of air upward from
the tank to above the roof of the house so as to prevent the possibility of foul air
escaping into the closets.
.
These shafts may be constructed of wood scantling, or Zinc plates, or thin iron
sheets tinned, or brick & cement, at discretion.
0042 1004
1, THOMAS HAWKSLEY-M.D. -London, Physician, 20 Lowes Crescent, Brighton
do hereby declare the nature of my-said-invention-for-"AN-IMPROVED DRY_
SYSTEM OF DISPOSING OF SEWAGE OR OF REFUSE ORGANIC MATTER IN DWELLINGS
OR ELSEWHERE' and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be 1
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
'
-This-invention-relates, first, to an improved construction of dry earth. or other
deodorant closets; second, to the adaptation to and use with the said closet of a
paper lining provided with a suitable portion-of-dry-earth-or other suitable-
deodorizing medium, and, thirdly, in the combination with the said closet of a
shaft adapted to convey the refuse matters from the closet to a suitable-receiver-or-
tank placed at the basement of the house or other convenient position, the said
receiver being provided with a ventilating shaft for conveying a constant current
of air upward from the receiver to abovo the roof of the house.
The improved closet consists of a pan in two parts, videlicet, an upper part in
the form of a short cylinder or ring and a lower conical part divided vertically
and provided with suitable mechanism whereby the divided parts of the pan can
be moved apart for the purpose of effecting the discharge of any matter therein, or
the conical part of the pan in place of being divided may be adapted to be moved
hingewise upon and away from the upper part of the pan. Within the said pan
I place a loose bag or lining of suitable material such as paper and provided at
the bottom with a portion of dry earth so that when anything has been deposited
within the paper or other lining and the parts of the divided pan are suddenly
moved asunder (or the lower part of the pan moved from under the upper part)
the said lining with its contents will by gravity be discharged into the shaft
underneath the bottom of the pan and into the receiver below.
In order to enable my invention to be fully understood I will proceed to describe
the same by reference to the accompanying drawing in which figure 1 is a plan,
figure 2 a front elevation, and figure 3, a transverse section (on line a, b, of figure 1)
of a closet constructed according to my invention and with a pan having its lower
or conical portion vertically divided; figure 4 is a front view of a closet with the
lower or conical portion of the pan formed in one piece and figure 5, is a sectional
elevation showing the arrangement of the closets, shafts and receiver for a series of
four clusets on different floors. Similar letters in all the figures represent similar
or corresponding parts.

page_text: In the arrangement shewn in figures 1, 2, and 3, the closet pan consists of a short
cylinder or ring a, fixed under the usual seat b, having the usual opening c, and
lid d; the lower or conical part of the pan is divided vertically into halves e, and e¹,
formed with flanges f,f, at the line of junction of the two parts; the two halves
of the lower part of the pan are connected or suspended to the upper part a, by
means of bars a¹, a¹, at each side thereof; each of the two halves e, and e¹, is
provided with a lover or arm b¹ jointed at its upper part at a², to n rod c¹, fixed
on the said halves; the other ends of the levers or arms b¹, are jointed together
at d'
g, is an ordinary pull handle also jointed at d', to the levers or arms b', so that
when the said handle g, is raised into the position shewn in dotted lines in figure 3,
the two halves e, e', of the conical or lower part of the pan will be drawn away
from one another as clearly shown in dotted lines in figure 3; the divided parts, e, e¹,
of the pan are counterweighted at h, h', or in any other suitable part so that when
the handle g, is released the parts automatically retake their normal position.
i, represents the loose bag or lining of any suitable material such as paper which
is placed within the pan before any refuse is deposited therein and j, represents a
portion of dry earth or other suitable deodorizing medium preferably made into
the form of a pyramidal packet so as to conveniently fit the lower part or apex of
the conical part of the pan. It will of course be understood that a supply of bags
or linings and of packets of dry earth will be required to be kept in each closet
ready for use.
Each closet is placed over a shaft as shewn in figure 5, which represents the
arrangement for four closets, one above the other on different floors; k, represents
the wall of a house or building; L, l, L, L, the shafts, one for each closet m.
n, is
the receiver placed under the shafts ; and o, is the ventilating pipe or shaft passing
from the receiver n, to above the top of the house where it may be provided with
a cowl p.
The operation of the improved closet is as follows:-
If the parts are in the position shown in figures 1, 2 and 3, of the drawing with
a lining, and a portion of dry earth or other deodorizing medium j, within the
pan, and refuse matter be deposited in the pan, it is then merely necessary to raise
the handle g, and the halves e, e¹, of the conical part of the pan will be moved away
from one another as shown in the dotted lines figure 3, and the lining &, and with
it the dry earth j, and refuse matter will be discharged or fall by gravity into the
shaft, directly underneath the closet and into the receiver n, below the lining i
preserving the pan from being soiled as the refuse matter will not come in contact
therewith but with the paper lining only. The refuse matter which falls into the
receiver n, will be deodorized by the dry earth or other deodorizer which falls into
the receiver with it, and any dangerous or offensive air is prevented from passing
into the house by being drawn up the ventilating shaft o.
The receiver, may be emptied of its contents at any convenient time and in
any convenient manner.
In the arrangement shewn in figure 4, the conical part of the pan instead of
being divided vertically as herein before described and shewn in figures 1, 2, and 3,
is hinged to the upper part a, so that to discharge its contents it has to be moved
into the position shewn in dotted lines. I however prefer the arrangement shown
in figures 1, 2, and 3.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. A dry earth closet consisting of a pan formed in two parts the lower or conical
part being constructed in halves and so arranged that the said halves may be
quickly moved away from one another by a suitable mechanism for the discharge
of any matter deposited in the pan into a receiver beneath as hereinbefore
described.

page_text: (2). The use with n closet such as that herein before described and claimed of a
loose lining or bag of suitable material provided with a portion of any suitable
deodorizing medium, such as dry earth, as and for the purposes substantially as
described.
(3). The improved closet hereinbefore described and represented in figures 1, 2,
3, and 5, of the accompanying drawing..
(4). The modified construction of closet herein before described and represented in
figure 4 of the accompanying drawing.
(5). The combination with closets such as thoso described of a shaft or shafts
leading perpendicularly from the closet or closets to a suitable receiver placed
beneath and provided with an air shaft as and for the purposes hereinbefore
described and represented in figure 5, of the accompanying drawing.
:
G. F. REDFERN,
+, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Agent for the Applicant.
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FOOL YOQMAN
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