Improvements in Apparatus for Heating Railway and other Carriages.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Sept., 1897-Accepted, 23rd Oct., 1897
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Heating Railway and other
Carriages.
the
I, FERDINAND RADELET, of Rue Eloy, Curgyhem, near Brussels, in
Kingdom of Belgium, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:—
My invention relates to apparatus for heating railway and other carriages and
is based upon the employment, as a source of heat, of a highly heated iron bar
placed in a case or sheath having double sides filled with a material, being a bad
conductor of heat, which absorbs and slowly emits the heat given off by the bar
in cooling.
To enable the invention to be fully understood I will describe how it can be
carried into effect by reference to the drawing, in which:-
Figure 1 is a transverse section on the line a―y. Figure 3, of an apparatus
constructed according to my invention, for heating railway and other carriages.
Figure 2 is an end elevation shewing the case or sheath closed, and
Figure 3 is a longitudinal section of the same.
The
B is the bar made by preference of granular iron which after having been
heated to about 1200° Centigrade is placed in the case or sheath A closed by a
removable cover C and a fixed end D and surrounded with a jacket E.
space between the said jacket and the exterior of the case or sheath A is filled
with material which is a bad conductor of heat such as diatomite, slag wool,
asbestos or the like.
The two ends F and G of the heating apparatus are arranged like those of
water heating apparatus or foot warmers SO as to facilitate manipulation.
Between the end G of the outer jacket and the end D of the inner case or sheath
is a spring H which yields to the expansion and contraction while firmly holding
the said case or sheath so as to deaden the shocks produced by the introduction by
the iron bars into the heating apparatus.
The cover C is fastened by means of a button I which causes two inclined
planes L, M to turn beneath two studs J.
It will be obvious that the apparatus may be arranged in other ways, the
essential feature being the employment of a highly heated iron bar within a case
or sheath having double sides the space between which is filled with a material
which is a bad conductor of heat and which slowly absorbs through the inner wall
of the case or sheath the heat given off by the iron bar, and slowly transmits
it through the outer wall.
Experiments made with my heating apparatuses in railway carriages shew that
the heat of a carriage compartment thus heated was 15° C at the end of 7 hours
after having attained a maximum of 16°, the outer temperature varying from 0° to
5°. The temperature of the outer jacket of the heating apparatus which was 7°
before the introduction of the bar was raised in 1 hour and a half to 80°, and
at the expiration of 10 hours was still at 30° whilst the outer temperature of a

page_text: water heating apparatus or foot warmer under the same conditions has descended
in two hours from 100° to this temperature of 30° and was only 7° after the
expiration of 10 hours.
It is therefore certain that my system of heating apparatus gives as a result
a much greater uniformity of temperature and consequently a more hygienic heat.
Moreover there is no fear of small fissures allowing water to leak through
which would render the air of the heated compartment moist.
The same inconvenience of these fissures exists in the acetate of soda heating
apparatuses which moreover after a certain time require the heating apparatus
to be closed in order to prevent a too rapid congelation.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. In apparatuses for heating railway and other carriages the employment of
a bar of iron heated to from 1100° to 1200° C and placed in a case or sheath
having a double jacket filled with a material which is a bad conductor of heat
and which slowly absorbs and emits the heat of the iron bar.
2. The arrangement hereinbefore described for facilitating the opening and
closing of the case or sheath when it is required to withdraw and replace the iron
bar.
3. The use of a spring for supporting the bottom or end of the case or sheath
so as to allow of expansion and contraction and to deaden the shocks produced by
the introduction of the bars.
DR {
KUBE
eptember
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.