IMPROVED SMOKE-CONSUMING APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO THE BOLLERS
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexandre Blampoil, of No. 15, Passage des Petites
Ecuries, Paris, France, Mechanical Engineer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVED SMOKE-CONSUMING APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO THE BOLLERS OP
Sealed the 30th May 1865, and dated the 6th December 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexandre Blampoil at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
December 1864.
I, ALEXANDRE BLAMPOIL of No. 15, Passage des Petites Ecuries, Paris,
France, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED SMOKE-CONSUMING APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO THE
BOILERS OF LOCOMOTIVES AND STATIONARY ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The constitutive principle of my Invention rests on the physical com-
bination of vertical and horizontal draughts, the result of which obtained
by my apparatus is to render the smoke incandescent in the midst of the
flanie.
My apparatus is composed of two boiler tubes one above the other below,
the first breaks the direct draught of the horizontal flame, and the lower one
serves to recall or distribute the vertical draught;. also of two gratings or
arrangements of fire-bars, the first vertical and moveable serves to increase
the admission of air and to throw off the scoria, and the second which is
inclined serves to receive the fuel. The vertical draught in connexion with
the vertical grating, and the upper part of the inclined grating, by the current
of flame which separates the lower boiler tube from the upper one, draws the
flame of the fuel which covers this space, which finding itself purified gives for

page_text: result the burning of the smoke from the fuel which covers the upper part of
the inclined grating.
The direct horizontal draught being virtually suppressed by the upper boiler
tube, the little smoke which it carries off by the space reserved at its upper
part for the current of the flame, gives for result a continual whirl in the
upper part of the furnace, which destroys itself at last in the flame of the
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alexandre Blampoil in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
5th June 1865
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALEXANDRE
BLAMPOIL, of No. 15, Passage des Petites Ecuries, Paris, France, Mechanical
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Alexandre Blampoil, Her special licence that I, the said Alexandre
Blampoil, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
Alexandre Blampoil, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED SMOKE-
CONSUMING APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO THE BOILERS OF LOCOMOTIVES AND STATIONARY
ENGINES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Alexandre
Blampoil, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent-
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alexandre Blampoil, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Sheet of Drawing, and to
the figures and letters of reference marked thereon.

page_text: Figure 1 shewing the application of my improved smoke-consuming appa-
ratus to a locomotive engine, and Figure 2 its application to a stationary
engine.
At Figure 1, A indicates an upper boiler tube which breaks the direct
horizontal draught; B, a lower boiler tube serving to intercept and divert the
vertical draught; C¹, current of flame reserved to return to direct horizontal
draught for the passage of the smoke to the upper part of the fire-place;
C, tubular passages and current of flame; D, bottom vertical moveable
grating serving to increase the combustion as air hole, and for throwing off
scoria; E, fixed inclined grating serving to receive the fuel, it is inclined at
an angle of 35%; F, moveable door of fire-place; X, supports of the grating.
or fire-bars; M, moveable damper to close the air inlet of the vertical grating ;.
L, ash-pit and fire-guard; K, boiler and steam reservoir; Y, upper part of
furnace.
The result obtained by this apparatus is the physical combination of the
vertical and horizontal draughts, with the object of rendering the smoke
incandescent with the flame.
The vertical draught in connection with the vertical grating and the lower
part of the inclined grating by the current of flame C, which separates the boiler
tubes B, A, draws the flame of the fuel which covers this space, and finds itself
in combustion and consequently purified, the result is, that when the smoke
of the fuel which covers the upper part of the grating is slanted and attracted
by the vertical draught to the current of flame C, it is entirely destroyed by
the flame of the fuel which covers the lower part of the inclined grating and
of the vertical one. The direct horizontal draught being virtually suppressed.
by the tube A, the little smoke which it draws through the space reserved at
its upper part for the current of the smoke C¹, gives for result a continuous
eddy in the upper part Y of the furnace, and again comes to destruction in
the flame of the vertical draught.
The application of this apparatus presents the following advantages:-
Firstly, the manual labor of withdrawing the coal cinders is rendered very
easy by the grating D, which is worked from the platform.
Secondly, of giving to the boiler by the effect of the vertical draught the
generation of the production of the steam in the parts sensible to heat by
means of direct flame at the tubing.
Thirdly, easy inspection of and stopping of tubes, and lowering of steam
pipes avoided in the replacing of the tubing, as the space between the
boiler tubes B, A, leaves room for the passage of a workman in placing the
tubes.

page_text: Fourthly, avoiding the obstruction of the four lower rows of tubes by
cinders.
At Figure 2 which, as aforesaid, shews the application of my improved
apparatus to a stationary engine A, indicates the upper break or reverberator
intercepting the direct horizontal draught and serving for the return of the
smoke. In a fire-place of, say 39 inches, it should have a breadth of 12
inches, and be set in the lateral sides of the fire-place; it is of cast iron of
rather less than an inch thick; B, the lower boiler tube or reverberator serving
to turn the flame, it is inclined at an angle of 50% in a fire-place of 39 inches;
it may have a breadth of 16 inches, with a thickness of 8 inches, and its
extremities will be let into the masonry or brickwork of the sides of the fire-
place. Its elbow pipe is 6 inches in diameter, length at back 6 inches,
forward 4 inches, taken between the two bolted or riveted collars. C, current
of flame; D, vertical grating serving for air inlet, its extreme height is
9 inches, division of air between the bars rather less than an inch;
E, grating inclined at an angle of 40%, division of air between the bars rather
less than an inch; F, door of fire-place; J, space reserved for the return of
the smoke, 4 inches from the side of the door of the upper part of fire-place;
P, recess for supplying air; X, supports of gratings; R, ash-pit; M, masonry
or brickwork; L, flues and current of flame; H, boiler tube; I, boiler.
The dimensions of the apparatus vary with the size of the fire-place. The
application of the boiler tube is not indispensable in stationary engines, and
it may be replaced by a brick break or reverberator, but I recommend it as
economical and for the generation of steam, further its installation is cheap
and easy.
RESULT OBTAINED BY MY IMPROVED SMOKE-CONSUMING APPARATUS.
Experiments made with a boiler of 8 horse-power supplying an engine of
6 horse-power
Average expence for 10 hours work.
Experiment extending from 27th
March to 7th April 1865.
Comparison without smoke-consuming With smoke-consuming apparatus.
apparatus. Average expence for
10 hours work deduced from an
experiment extending over 30 days.
Coal from different localities 616 lbs.
Coal cinders
Slag or scoria
Pressure, 4 atmospheres,
about an atmosphere.
Coal from different localities 455 lbs.
Coal cinders
None.
16 lbs.
59 lbs.
Slag or scoria
-
37 lbs.
varying
Pressure very progressive.
Set at work in the ordinary way.
Fed constantly with condensed water.

page_text: PHYSICAL SUMMARY OF THE SMOKE-CONSUMING APPARATUS.
The vertical draught in connection with the grating D by the current of
flame C which separates the breaks or reverberators A, B, draws the flame
from the fuel which covers the lower part of the grating E, which combustible
being incandescent the result is, that when the smoke from the fresh fuel which
covers the upper part of the grating E in the passage at C is driven back by
the effect of the air entering by the vertical grating D, which forces it to
return to the upper part of the break A, it escapes by J and comes back to
be burnt at C, an incontestible proof of the almost total use of all the gases.
The supply of superheated air in the recess P gives for result a combustion
which reduces the coal to the state of coke from the quantity of oxygen
employed, the aim of which is to raise the caloric to a very high temperature,
a result rendered evident by the waste scoria which is reduced to a state of
crystallization.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexandre Blampoil, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Third day of June, in the year our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
A. BLAMPOIL. (L.S.)