IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRAWING AND SPINNING.. WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRAWING AND SPINNING..
WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."-A communication from abroad by
John Henry Bloodgood, of the City of New York, United States of
America.
Sealed the 15th August 1861, and dated the 18th March 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his. Petition, on the
18th March 1861.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRAWING
AND SPINNING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention of improvements in machinery for drawing and spinning
wool and other fibrous substances, consists in the employment between the
delivery rollers, and spindles of drawing rollers of cylindrical form, so applied
and operated as to be separated at intervals, and capable of accurate regulation,
for the purpose of throwing back the twist between the front and back drawing
rollers, by which means an extremely uniform quality of yarn is obtained."

page_text: The framing of the machine and the arrangement of the delivery rollers is very
similar to that of ordinary spinning machinery, and the bottom delivery &
drawing rollers are actuated as usual by toothed or other suitable gearing.
The top delivery and drawing rollers are driven by friction of contact, but the
top drawing rollers are each mounted in bearings in separate yokes, to which
a regular intermittent upward and forward motion is communicated by means
of excentrics or cam shafts acting on the lower end of the yokes. By this
means the top drawing rollers are at regular intervals lifted away from the
bottom rollers, and the yarn is therefore left free. The twist that has been
given to the yarn by the spindle and flyer below the drawing rollers will run
up to the delivery rollers, and will thereby be rendered more uniform than
heretofore. The intermittent motion of the yokes and top drawing rollers may
be regulated by altering the position of the cams or excentrics on their shafts,
and by altering the speed of the latter.
The Invention also relates to a mode of combining and driving the spindles,
flyers, and bobbins employed in connection with such system of drawing
rollers, and consists in driving them at different speeds by means of separate
bands and drums, whereby the tension of the roving is more perfectly regulated,
the bobbin also being independent of the spindle. :
The improved system of drawing rollers is by this improvement better
adapted to produce fine work than it would be with any of the systems of
spindles, flyers, and bobbins heretofore commonly used.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 18th September 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents;' 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria; by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said William Edward Newton, Her special license that I, the said
William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and

page_text: at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise; and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRAWING AND SPINNING WOOL AND OTHER
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," being a communication from abroad, upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said William Edward Newton, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I; the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to. be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
This Invention of improvements in machinery for drawing and spinning
wool and other fibrous substances, consists in employing between the delivery
rollers and spindles drawing rollers of cylindrical form, so applied and operated
as to be separated at intervals, and capable of accurate regulation, for the
purpose of throwing back the twist between the front and back drawing rollers,
by which means an extremely uniform quality of yarn is obtained...
The Invention also relates to a certain mode of combining and driving the
spindles, flyers, and bobbins employed in connection with such system of
drawing rollers, and consists in driving them at different speeds by means of
separate bands and drums, whereby the tension of the roving is more perfectly
regulated, the bobbin also being independent of the spindle and flyer.
The improved system of drawing rollers is better adapted to produce fine
work than it would be with any of the systems of spindles, flyers, and bobbins
heretofore commonly used.
In the accompanying Drawing, Fig. 1 is a front elevation of part of a
spinning frame with the present Invention applied thereto. Portions of the
framing are represented as broken away in order to expose the working parts.
Fig. 2 is an elevation of the left-hand end of the same with the outer portion
of the frame removed; Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical sectional view exhibiting
only the parts of the machinery to which the Invention relates; Fig. 4 is a
perspective view of a portion of one of the yokes in which the top front drawing
rollers are arranged. Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts
in the several Figures.

page_text: A is the framing, which may be made of substantially similar form. to that
of the bobbin and fly frames in common use; B is the roving spool or roller
containing the roving to be spun, and C is the roving drum upon which the
spool or roller B rests, and from which it derives its 'motion; D, D', are the
delivery rollers for regulating the delivery of the roving to be spun, and are
applied substantially as in other spinning frames; E; E, E', E', are the drawing
rollers of the usual construction. The bottom rollers E, E, are applied in the
usual männer, but the top ones E'; E', have their journals arranged in bearings
in yokes F, F, one of which is shewn separately in perspective at Fig. 4.
These yokes, of which there is a separate one for each top roller; consist each
of a curved forked piece a (each side of which contains a bearing for one of
the journals of one of the top rollers E¹, E¹,) and a straight rod b' secured to
the fork a. The rod 6 of each yoke is fitted to slide in an obliqué direction
through one of the number of fixed guides G, G, (Fig. 3,) secured to the
framing, and the forks of all the yokes rest upon a horizontal roller H, which
is fitted to rotate in fixed bearings near the front of the frame, and is grooved
as shown at c, c, in Fig. 1, to prevent the displacement of the yokes in a
horizontal direction. The rod 6 of each yoke has coiled around it between
the back of its guide G and a nut or collar d (which is screwed on or
otherwise made fast to its lower portion) a spiral- spring e (Fig. 3,) which
acts to produce the necessary pressure on its respective top roller E¹. This
spring may, however, be dispensed with if the weight of the roller and yoke
are sufficient to prevent the slip. The bottom rollers D and E are driven at
proper relative speeds by a suitable system of gearing connected with the main
shaft. I (Figs. 1 and 2), as in other spinning frames. The top rollers D¹ and E¹
are driven by friction of contact in the usual manner. To the lower end of
the rod b. of each yoke there is secured by a small horizontal pin s á plate or
block t, which is free to move upon and concentrically with the pin s, and. the
whole of these plates t belonging to the whole of the yokes rest upon a shaft J
(Fig. 3) with excentric journals which are fitted to fixed bearings at or near
the ends of the framing. The shaft J. extends the length of the whole series
of drawing rollers, and is furnished at one end of the machine with a handle f,
by which it may be turned for the purpose of raising or lowering the several
plates t, t. In rear of the excentric shaft J there is a shaft K which extends
the whole length of the drawing rollers, and is furnished with a number of wipers
9, 9, one for each yoke. These wipers are so arranged that by the revolution
of the shaft K, produced by gearing with the bottom drawing rollers D, E,
they will come into operation on the plates t, t, in such manner as to move all
the yokes forward and upward, and so remove or withdraw the top rollers E', E',

page_text: temporarily from the bottom rollers E, E. The springs e bring back the yokes
and top rollers E¹, E¹, after the wipers have passed out of contact with the
plates t; t. The frequency of the intervals during which the top rollers are
raised depends on the velocity of the revolution of the shaft K relatively to
that of the front drawing rollers, and may be varied by changing the gearing.;
and the duration of such intervals depends on the height of the plates t, t,
which is determined by the position of the excentric shaft J. By turning the
shaft J in a direction to raise the plates t, t, the wipers 9, 9, are caused
to remain in contact with the plates t during a smaller portion of their
revolution, and hence to keep the top rollers raised a shorter time and
vice versa. The handle f of the excentric shaft is furnished with a set screw h,
by which to secure it to a fixed slotted arc i, when adjusted. L, L, are
the spindles driven by bands j, j, from a drum M, and having their bobbins
N, N, so fitted as to be driven by the friction between them and the spindles.
O, O, are independent flyers, driven independently of the spindles, and at
a different velocity by bands k, k, from a drum P. The shaft M¹ of the
drum M derives motion from the main shaft through a belt running on two
cones of pulleys I¹ and I from the main shaft, and the shaft P¹ of the drum
P derives motion through a belt running on a pair of very slightly tapered
cone pulleys M2 and P on the said shafts. By shifting the belt on the
pulleys M, P, the difference in the velocities of the spindles and flyers may
be varied. When the spinning is in operation the roving is taken by the
delivering rollers D, D', from the spool B, and by them delivered continuously
and regularly to be drawn by the front rollers E, E', which have a surface
velocity sufficiently greater than D, D', to produce the desired degree of
draft. Now when the delivering rollers have a continuous motion without
any contrivance for producing twist in the roving between them and the front
drawing rollers, as in the ordinary bobbin and fly frame, the effect, owing to
the greater resistance offered to the draft in the thicker portions of the
yarn, is to cause the thinner portions thereof to be drawn still thinner,
leaving the thicker portions unchanged, but by raising each top roller
E' at intervals, the twist given by the flyer is allowed to run back between
the front rollers to the delivery rollers, and as the thinner portions of the
yarn twist most easily, those portions are thus caused to acquire the
necessary strength to draw down the thicker and less twisted portions, and
as the latter are reduced, the twist runs into them from the thinner portions,
and so the thickness and degree of twist become uniform throughout. It
is obvious that the quantity of twist which would be thrown back for equal

page_text: periods of elevation of the top roller E¹ will vary according to the degree of
final twist and the thickness of the yarn; hence it is very desirable to provide
means of increasing or diminishing the frequency with which the roller lifts,
and the length of time it remains up when lifted. In the above described
operation it will be found that when the top drawing roller E¹ is lifted, if
the tension be at that moment too slight there is a tendency of the yarn to
spring back, or if the tension be too great the weak untwisted parts will be
broken. To obviate this each spindle is driven a little faster than its flyer,
thus causing the spindle to drag the yarn with greater or less force according
as the difference in speed between the flyer and spindle is greater pro-
portionately than the amount of yarn delivered by the drawing rollers, but
the bobbin being loose on the spindle will of course slip thereon, and the
friction thereby caused gives the requisite tension. for fine yarns. The tension
may be regulated with the greatest delicacy by shifting the belt on the cones
M², P. For coarse work, however, when the roving is but little drawn, and
the yarn is strong, the spindle need not be driven positively, independently
of the flyer, but can be turned by the flyer acting through the yarn, the
bobbin being of course fast to the spindle. In this case any additional friction
is easily obtained by a spring or brake applied to the spindle. :
I would observe that the spindle known in the United States as the
Lowell dead spindle may be advantageously employed for nearly every
description of work, in place of the arrangements, shewn in the Drawing,
as the Lowell spindle is capable of regulating the tension on the yarn. By
the substitution of this spindle for the live spindle, herein described, the
machine will be simplified, and by adapting to the machine the usual
drawing rollers of the cotton frame, the machine can be made to work cotton.
Having now described this Invention of improvements in machinery for
drawing and spinning wool and other fibrous substances, and having
explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent, I would observe that although I have shewn
the best means with which I am acquainted for carrying out the said Invention,
I do not mean or intend to confine myself rigidly thereto, as it will be evident
that other means than those herein set forth may be devised by separating the
rollers E and E' at intervals in order to effect the object of the present
Invention. It will also be obvious that this part of the present improvements
may without difficulty be adapted to existing machinery; I therefore claim as
the Invention secured to me by Letters Patent as aforesaid,-
1st, the employment between the delivery rollers and spindles of drawing

page_text: and spinning frames of pairs of drawing rollers so applied and operated as to
be capable of being separated at intervals, which may be accurately regulated
as may be desired for the purpose herein set forth.
2nd, I claim the within described combination of mechanism, or any mere
modification thereof, by which the separation of the rollers E and E¹ is effected
and the frequency and duration of the intervals of their separation is capable
of being regulated.
3rd, the combination of the independently and positively driven flyer
and spindle, and loose bobbin, substantially as and for the purpose herein
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
1
15 Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
W. E. NEWTON. (L.S.)