matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE WORKING OF CASTING POTS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cawley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th November 1879.
JOHN CAWLEY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Metal Refiner,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE WORKING OF CASTING POTS."
This Invention applies to casting pots used in any kind of furnace, and has for
its object the prevention of the waste of metal, and economy of fuel, and consists
in extending the height of the pot by an upper portion made to fit into the top
thereof. This upper portion is fitted near to its top with a sliding cover divided
into two halves which cover is formed so that when closed to there is still an
opening left in the centre through which the metal can be passed into the pot, and
all risk of not throwing all the metal into the pot is avoided. After the pot is
filled a cover is placed upon the opening and the pot becoming an entirely closed
vessel retains the heat and economises the fuel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PUTTING ON AND TAKING OFF BOOTS AND SHOES OR OTHER FOOT COVERINGS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eugen Schultz at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st July 1879. A communication from
Paul Scholz and Anton Dybowski, of Breslau, in the Empire of Germany.
EUGEN SCHULTZ, of 16, Franzosische Strasse, Berlin, in the Empire of Germany,
Engineer and Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PUTTING ON AND
TAKING OFF BOOTS AND SHOES OR OTHER FOOT COVERINGS." [A communication
from Paul Scholz and Anton Dybowski, of Breslau, in the Empire of Germany.]
The Invention consists in combining in one apparatus a contrivance for pulling
on boots or shoes, and a contrivance for taking them off, both contrivances being
mounted on a common foundation plate and having in themselves novel features.
The first part of the apparatus or the contrivance for putting on boots, &c, consists
of two pipes fixed to the foundation plate, one of them being invariably vertical
while the other is normally vertical but hinged at the bottom, so as to take any
inclined position which may be required. Into each of these tubes fits a cylindrical
rod which may be drawn out at the top to any height and fixed in the required
position by a thumb screw or otherwise, the top of the two rods being connected,
a lever hinged to the rod of the fixed tube and capable of being fixed to the other
rod when the same has obtained the desired inclination. The top ends of the two
bars are bent horizontally for attaching the straps of the boot placed upon a sole
or platform between the two pipes. As a support for the person using the
apparatus, a vertical rod may be stuck upon a pin on the foundation plate and
held by a ring attached to the fixed pipe. For taking off the boot, &o, a bow
which may have the shape of a horse shoe is binged to the foundation plate, capable
of being turned from the normally vertical position to any desired angle, so as to
hold the point of the foot while the heel is placed between two converging blades
which may have the shape of an upright triangular frame fixed to the base plate
of the apparatus. It is preferred to make the whole apparatus of metal.
A NEW OR IMPROVED AUTOMATIC MUSHROOM ANCHOR
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Evelyn Liardet at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th October 1879.
JOHN EVELYN LIARDET, of No. 4, Brakespear's Road, Wickham Park, Brockley,
in the County of Kent. "A NEW OR IMPROVED AUTOMATIC MUSHROOM ANCHOR."
The objects effected by my improved construction of anchor are as follows:-
A never failing grip is attained without a stock, a powerful anchor is obtained,
while its weight is considerably less relatively for tonnage than those hitherto
used, and one that affords great facilities for stowage, going in as small a compass
as any ordinary anchor. It will also be found less liable to twist and foul cable by
reason of its being a revolving anchor, and thus with the ordinary swivels the
chain could not twist, an occurrence which at present so often happens, rendering
it so difficult to get the cable through the hawsepipes.
My Invention consists as follows:-I use a mushroom fluke hinged to shank of
anchor, so that it is not only capable of being fixed in the gripping position, that
is to say, at right angles to the shank, but of being released from that position so
that it can when not in use lie flat along or on the shank of the anchor. This is
effected by providing at or alongside the shank a slide shaft working in suitable
collars and guides whereby, the mushroom fluke is held in its gripping position,
having a suitable hole, and pin, and forelock for that purpose, and a lanyard for
buoy thereto. By withdrawing the slide shaft the mushroom fluke is released and
assumes the position Hat on the shaft, as herein before described.
The mushroom fluke is free to revolve on the end of the shank, a washer and
pin being provided at head of fluke, and the mushroom fluke has a number of
apertures for the mud or water to pass through whilst weighing.
The anchor is provided with shackles for holding main chain and moving the
ship by and with buoy rope ring.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TIN AND TERNE PLATES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gravell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd June 1879.
JOHN GRAVELL, of Ystalyfera, in the County of Glamorgan, Manufacturer. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TIN AND TERNE
PLATES."
•
In carrying my improvements into effect the apparatus is arranged so that the
successive operations on the metal may readily follow each other.
"
For this purpose apparatus I employ is divided into a series of compartments or
chambers for the successive operations on the metal, termed pickling,
cleansing, oiling, 'tinning," brushing;" when necessary, "dipping" ог
washing" and "finishing."
"
"
" 68
" "
"
"
To facilitate the operation of feeding to the respective compartments or chambers
I arrange the plates to be operated upon in a sort of grate, formed of wire or such
like open partitions, by which they are supported in an upright position at about
equal distances apart; I then apply over the upper edges of these plates a frame
carrying a series of spring tongs capable of taking hold of the series of plates
supported in the grate for the purpose of these plates being lifted to and supported
in the pickling chamber, and of thence being transferred to the cleansing chamber.
Both the pickling and cleansing chambers are provided with grates, such as referred
to, so as to keep the respective plates separate, and there is also a similar grate in
the oiling and tinning chambers. The prongs of the tongs above referred to are
acted upon by springs for their closing, and they are simultaneously released by
lever and slide.
The plates are then transferred to the grates in the oiling chamber, and thence to
the grates in the tinning chamber.
Over the tinning chamber I apply a frame connected to a rack acted upon by
gear and lever handle. This frame is applied so that its lower edge may rest in
the oil and matters forming the upper surface of the fluid metal in the tinning
chamber to act as a skimmer to such surface, and it has an opening through it for
the passage of a sheet of the metal under operation; and as the operator removes
one plate through this opening he places another in the grate, and so on, as he
moves the frame step by step.

page_text: The plate are then removed to the chamber for the brushing, when brushing is
required.
For the brushing, when required, covered rollers conduct the plates downwards
to between hemp or other suitable rubbers or brushes, and thence they are guided
for their back motion.
The plates are then conducted to the dipping or wash pot, or chamber, and
thence to the finishing rollers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING, WRINGING, AND MANGLING MACHINES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Read at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th October 1879.
JOHN READ, of No. 5, Johnson Street, Leicester, in the County of Leicester.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING, WRINGING, AND MANGLING MACHINES."
"
This Invention consists of a novel combination and arrangement of mechanism,
machinery, and apparatus, whereby an improved washing, wringing, and mangling
machine is produced which is easily worked, and will not injure the clothes or
other articles to be operated upon.
The improvements has reference principally to the beaters, the india rubber
springs, the false bottom, the rollers, and the intermediate wheel and pin for
putting the apparatus in and out of gear.
The beaters made and constructed according to my Invention are supported and
held in position by means of standards and a cross beam, and are actuated and
worked by cams suitably arranged on the revolving shaft, and when the machine is
required for mangling purposes the beaters are removed.
My Invention also consists of introducing india rubber springs for the purpose of
compressing the wringing and mangling rollers, and for keeping them at a proper
tension, and so arranged that any required pressure can be exercised on the rollers
by the action of a small hand wheel and screw, and will be found much more
preferable than the plate or other springs now in use.
Another part of my Invention consists in producing a perforated false bottom to
the wash tub, whereby the clothes can be thoroughly riuced without the clothes or
other articles being removed from the tub.
The wringing and mangling part of the machine consists of a pair of horizontal
rollers as usual, but the top roller of my apparatus I construct of galvanized iron or
zinc, the effect and object of which is, that it is much more durable than the rollers
now in use.
The bottom roller I lap or cover with yarn, the object of this is to give a soft
and pliable surface to the clothes or other articles being washed or mangled.
The rotary motion of the machine is obtained by means of a large spur wheel,

page_text: whose circumference is a little larger than the circumference of the tub. This spur
wheel is set in motion and rotated by a small spur wheel fixed on the bottom of a
rod leading from the revolving shaft, the upper end of the rod being connected to
the revolving shaft by bevil gearing.
The cam shaft and rollers traverse in opposite directions by means of an
intermediate wheel, and the machine is easily put in and out of gear by means of
this intermediate wheel and pin.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANICAL HAND SAWS
Year: 1879

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Auguste Vayriot at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd August 1879.
AUGUSTE VAYRIOT, Marble Cutter, of Lunéville, in the Republic of France.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANICAL HAND SAWS."
My Invention relates to improvements in the mechanical arrangement of saws
worked by hand for cutting marble, stone, wood, and other materials.
By means of a fly wheel placed on the shaft of the main toothed wheel, which is
three or four times larger than that with which it gears, a fly wheel on the same
shaft as the smaller toothed wheel turns and gives a gentle notion, free from jerk,.
to an eccentric placed almost against the fly wheel and driving, by means of an arm
made of flat iron, a piece which slides between its two sides fixed to the framing.
Upon this piece are fixed those which hold and move or draw the saw for marble
or stone mason's work, and that for cutting out, cross cut, or other purpose.
Upon the shaft which carries the small toothed wheel is fixed a wood saw.
The water and the sand are self supplied. The sand is sent down by the jerk of
a spring fixed to the arms or branches which move or draw the saw..
may modify this machine by dispensing with the toothed gearing.
The Hy wheel, or rather the cone to which the crank is attached, drives a smaller
coue according to the rate of speed desired.
This small cone turns at the other end a fly wheel which gives a come and go, or
reciprocating motion to an arm, at the end of which is a slide-bar differently
arranged to that of the first described machine.
Both saw arrangements are connected with pistons.
This construction of machine is also supplied with a sector which permits thé
sawing of a piece without placing it plumb, because the saw works equally well
when inclined by means of the sector.
The advantages of this modification over the first described machine are, that the
eccentric and the toothed gearing are dispensed with, its slide-bar replaced by a
different arrangement of slide-bar with two pistons; the system of marble or stone
saw is the same, the main saw upright for pieces of any height. A handle connected
with slide bar permits the raising or lowering so as to saw at any height.
THE PRODUCTION OF WIRE ROPES, CORDS, OR THREADS WITH COLOURED SURFACES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Bossomaier and Friedrich
Schwegler at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th July
1879.
RICHARD BOSSOMAIER and FREIDRICH SCHWEGLER, of the Firm of R. Bossomaier
and Company, of Finsbury Place South, in the City of London, Wire Rope
Manufacturers. "THE PRODUCTION OF WIRE ROPES, CORDS, OR THREADS WITH
COLOURED SURFACES."
Our Invention relates to the production of wire-ropes, cords, or threads with
coloured surfaces, such ropes, cords, or threads being suitable for telegraphic
purposes, hanging pictures, and for other purposes.
In carrying out our Invention we proceed as follows:-We first take wire ropes,
cords, or threads of copper, steel, or iron, and we then silver them by the ordinary
process (electro-plating), and after they have been silvered, we then apply any
desired colour in the following mauner:-We first conduct the silvered ropes, cords,
or threads through a heated tube, and then impart the desired colour to them by
means of rotating brushes; then we pass them again through a heated tube so as to
set and render the colour durable. After the ropes, cords, or threads have been
thus treated, we wind them on to a core or reel, and then subject them to a further
drying process. Special attention should be given to the composition of the
colours, so as to prevent them flowing too quickly or becoming too thin.
In order that the colour should be equally distributed over the ropes, cords, or
threads, we pass them through a scraper immediately after the colour has been
applied thereto, such scraper regulating the thickness or coating of the colour; a
new article of manufacture is thus produced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS FOR EXTRACTING THE FIBRES FROM TEXTILE PLANTS, AND ESPECIALLY THOSE OF THE URTICA FAMILY
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Autier at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd October 1879. A communication from
Paul André Arthur Marie Auguste Favier, of Paris, France.
CHARLES AUTIER, of 40, Rue du Bac, Paris, France. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PROCESS FOR EXTRACTING THE FIBRES FROM TEXTILE PLANTS, AND ESPECIALLY
THOSE OF THE URTICA FAMILY." [A communication from Paul André Arthur Marie
Auguste Favier, of Paris, France.]
According to this Invention the stems of the textile plants, either freshly cut or
a short time after being cut are subjected to the action of heat. For this purpose
they are enclosed in a vessel into which steam or hot air or hot gases are admitted.
The time of exposure should be proportional to the time elapsed between the
cutting of the stems and the beginning of the treatment. After having been left
in the high temperature for a sufficiently long time, the stems are taken out and
the exterior cortical parts can then then be stripped or drawn off easily all the
useful fibres adhering thereto, and being thus maintained perfectly parallel with
each other. The bands thus stripped off are then a second time exposed to a
temperature considerably higher than previously. For this purpose super heated
steam or sufficiently heated air or gases are used, and after this second exposure
the fibres are drawn off from the bands of cortical matter, the resinous substance.
by means of which they adhered thereto, remaining almost all on the latter. Thus
the fibres are obtained ready for the beckling or combing machine without having
gone through the ordinary operations of retting and breaking, and they are left
perfectly parallel, whereby the great waste of material generally produced by the
following operations is avoided.
A NUTRITIVE EFFERVESCING DRINK
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gilbert Humphrey Comfort at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th January 1879.
GILBERT HUMPHREY COMFORT, of 122, Great Suffolk Street, Southwark, in the
County of Surrey, Milk Contractor. "A NUTRITIVE EFFERVESCING DRINK."
The nutritive effervescing drink consists of ordinary milk aerated. The milk
when taken from cow or other animal is first reduced to a temperature of not more
than sixty degrees Farenheit. It is then put into the receiver of a machine similar
to those employed in the manufacture of aerated or artificial mineral waters, and
by that means impregnated either with compressed air or gas, as may best suit the
purpose desired, whether it be for preservative, remedial, or curative result. It can
then be bottled in the ordinary way or drawn off into suitable vessels for storeage.
IMPROVED SOLVENT FOR GUMS, INCLUDING IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF INDIA RUBBER, SOAP, LUBRICANTS, AND SIMILAR SUBSTANCES, SAID SOLVENT BEING ALSO APPLICABLE IN RESPECT OF LIGHTING AND HEATING PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Freeman Jack at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th April 1879.
WILLIAM FREEMAN JACK, of 16, Mark Lane, in the City of London, Accountant.
"IMPROVED SOLVENT FOR GUMS, INCLUDING IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF INDIA RUBBER, SOAP, LUBRICANTS, AND SIMILAR SUBSTANCES, SAID SOLVENT
BEING ALSO APPLICABLE IN RESPECT OF LIGHTING AND HEATING PURPOSES."
It has hitherto been the practice to use naphtha and other distillates of coal tar
for dissolving india rubber and other gums, all having a pungent and disagreeable
odour.
I obtain any solvent from wood tar or the oils thereof, which have hitherto
been comparatively valueless, either by distillation or by any other process, either
by heat or lowering the temperature with or without the aid of an acid or alkaline
bath, preferring to use the alkaline bath at a heat varying say from 100 degrees to
400 degrees Fahrenheit, the result being an oil with a pleasant and wholesomo
odour, which can be used either as a solvent for gums, or can be used by itself for
lighting and heating purposes, or in conjunction with alcohol, ether, or other spirit,
camphor or other oils, singly or in combination.
By mixing the solvent or the residue obtained after distilling off the lighter oils
with the fatty alkaline and other materials for making soap, a soap is made of an
antiseptic nature and refreshing odour. The heavier portions of the residue may
be used as a lubricant, either alone or in combination with other oils.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING SCREWS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd June 1879. A communication
from abroad by Charles Zang, of Cernay, in the Empire of Germany.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING SCREWS." A communication from
abroad by Charles Zang, of Cernay, in the Empire of Germany.
The improvements consist in the combination in one machine of four or more
shafts for receiving blanks and rendered capable of working separately or simul-
taneously, disposed symetrically or otherwise on a table or support, and moved
round an axis placed perpendicularly in the centre of the table in such manner
as to be fed successively with the tools or diverse contrivances fixed about the said
table, and actuated by means of a centre shaft and series of cams; also in the
employment of separate tools for making the clefts and polishing the heads instead
of one tool, one intended to pare before cutting the cleft, the other to finish the
polishing; also in dispensing in the thread cutting device of a special tool to point
wood screws and in effecting this by the principal and one thread cutter. The
various parts can be made in metal, and the motive power may be of any con-
venient kind.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEATS AS APPLIED TO THE OUTSIDE OF TRAMCARS, OMNIBUSES, CARRIAGES, &c
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Green and Frederick
Tattersall at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st August
1879.
THOMAS GREEN and FREDERICK TATTERSALL, both of the Borough of Leeds, in
the County of York, Engineers, &c. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEATS AS APPLIED TO THE
OUTSIDE OF TRAMCARS, OMNIBUSES, CARRIAGES, &c."
This Invention has for its object improvements in seats as applied to the outside
of tramcars, omnibuses, carriages, and other vehicles.
The seats are formed of iron frames and wire, the latter being in single wires
wrapped several times round the top bar of the seat frame, and running down each
side. The wires are bent before being put on to the requisite shape for the seat.
The main advantage of the application is that such seats keep dry in wet weather;
this arises from their being constructed of single and distinct wires, off which the
water drains freely.
The seats can be either galvanized or painted to prevent oxidation.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN PIPE VICES.
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Neville Sperryn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th February 1879.
JAMES NEVILLE SPERRYN, of Queen Victoria Street, in the City of London.
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN PIPE VICES.".
My Invention relates to an improvement in pipe vices, and is more particularly
designed to be applied to the vice for which Letters Patent were granted to Philipp
Emanuel, dated October 1st, 1878, No. 3867.
The jaws of these vices are usually made of cast or malleable cast iron serrated
to enable them to obtain a firm grip of the pipe. These serrations become blunted
by constant use, and the vice loses its hold, and consequently becomes practically
useless until provided with a new jaw. In order to remedy this the jaws are some.
times lined or bushed with a block of steel having teeth or serrations formed upon
it. This answers the purpose well, but is expensive, and when some only of the
teeth are worn the entire steel bush requires to be renewed. Now the object of
my Invention is to provide the vice with removable teeth at less cost by making
every tooth separate, so that any one or more of them may be renewed when
required.
According to my Invention the gripping face of the jaw has transverse slots
extending from side to side of the jaw to receive steel pins of nearly square or
other angular form in cross section. These slots may be dovetailed or undercut, or
they may be larger at one end than the other, the steel pins in either case being of
corresponding form, so as to be driven tightly into the slots and retained securely
therein with one of their edges or angles projecting from the jaw to ensure a firm
grip of the pipe or other object. When the pins are of a regular angular form and
tapered in the direction of their length they may be turned round to bring another
edge or angle into operation when the one in use becomes worn.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF FORMING MATRICES FOR ELECTRO-TYPING LINE AND PATTERN RULES, AND IN APPLIANCES USED THEREFOR."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Culross at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th April 1879.
DAVID CULROSS, of 55, Cardington Street, Euston Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Stationer. "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF FORMING MATRICES FOR
ELECTRO-TYPING LINE AND PATTERN RULES, AND IN APPLIANCES USED
THEREFOR."
The arrangement of wheels or discs of brass or other suitable material upon a
revolving shaft, which when set in motien upon the face of a plane of wax or other
suitable substance shall impress lines, and (if required) cross lines thereon (the
required distances between such lines being regulated by collars of brass or other
similar material of a length corresponding to the required distances being placed
between the said wheels or discs, and keeping them in position upon the revolving
shaft), such impression forming the matrix for an electro-type of such lines and
cross lines, which would supersedo the existing method of printing such lines and
cross lines by means of moveable rules or thin strips of metal set up in a forme.
Lines of any pattern can be produced.
Dotted lines may be produced by indenting or serrating the edges of the wheels
or discs.
Border and other similar patterns may also be produced by widening the edges
of the wheels or discs, and engraving thereon the pattern desired.
Where lines are required of a length or description for which the revolving shaft
with the wheels or discs cannot conveniently be used, such lines may also be
produced upon the face of the said plane of wax or other suitable substance by
means of a V shaped knife or plough.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN LITHOGRAPHIC AND OTHER " SIMILAR PRINTING, AND IN MACHINERY THEREFOR.
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Butterfield and John Harper
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd May 1879.
JAMES BUTTERFIELD, of Holloway, and JOHN HARPER, of Clerkenwell, both in
the County of Middlesex. AN IMPROVEMENT IN LITHOGRAPHIC AND OTHER
"
SIMILAR PRINTING, AND IN MACHINERY THEREFOR.'
»
Our Invention consists in printing by the lithographic or zincographic process
from a rotary cylinder of stone or zinc on which the picture, design, or other work
to be printed has been drawn or transferred in the ordinary way now practised with
flat stones or plates, and the Invention consists further in the combination with an
impression cylinder and its usual adjuncts of one or more such rotary stones or
metal cylinders, each provided with its own set of damping and inking apparatus
suitably arranged, whereby we are enabled, not only to print from a continuous roll
of paper, which is afterwards perforated or cut up into sheets as in typographic
machines, thereby dispensing with the layer on and taker off, and working at a
much higher speed than with ordinary flat machines, but by supplying each stone
with a different color, we are also enabled to print a number of different colors
simultaneously in one machine. We thus economise tine and labor, and accomplish
a result not hitherto attainable in ordinary lithographic and zincographic machines.
A further advantage is that the machine occupies less space than ordinary flat
machines.
The damping apparatus is self supplying, and consists of a hollow cylinder of
perforated metal covered with felt and moleskin in the ordinary way. This cylinder
is kept full of water supplied by a pump through one of the cylinder journals. In
the case of a rotary machine, as above described, two rollers similarly covered roll in
contact with this cylinder and with the stone, but in the case of a flat machine, to
which this damping cylinder is also applicable, the said cylinder would roll on a
damping board (covered like the rollers), and so charge it, the damping board charging
the damping rollers in turn in the ordinary way.
The pump would be worked from the impression cylinder or the table (as the case
may be) or other convenient working part of the machine by an arrangement of
gearing such as to admit of the working of the pump being regulated according to
requirements.
A NEW METHOD OF WATERPROOFING TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William John Almond at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th June 1879.
WILLIAM JOHN ALMOND, of Nos. 9 & 10, Little Britain, London, Manufacturers.
"A NEW METHOD OF WATERPROOFING TEXTILE FABRICS."
The object of this Invention is to produce a waterproof material without any
disagreeable odour arising therefrom.
I take two cloths, either of the same or different materials, and by means of hot
rollers or irons compress a-thin tissue of gutta percha between, when by the action of
the heat the three thicknesses become one solid cloth, which may be used for ladies'
dress preservers and other articles of domestic use that require being waterproof.
TEACHING CORRECTLY AND QUICKLY THE VARIOUS STITCHES IN ELEMENTARY NEEDLEWORK TO CHILDREN IN INFANT AND OTHER PREPARATORY SCHOOLS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josiah Thomas. Amner and Hannah
Burke at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th September
1879.
JOSIAH THOMAS AMNER, 127, Lusanne Road, Peckham, Surrey, Schoolmaster, and
HANNAH BURKE, 27, Ravensbourne Street, Deptford, Kent, Spinster. "TEACHING
CORRECTLY AND QUICKLY THE VARIOUS STITCHES IN ELEMENTARY NEEDLEWORK
TO CHILDREN IN INFANT AND OTHER PREPARATORY SCHOOLS."
The calico which is used has printed on it various rows of dots arranged according
to a certain plan (our Invention) so that when a row of dots on one side of the
calico is folded to meet the corresponding row of the other, the stitch required for
"sewing" is readily taught by passing the needle and thread through each of the
two dots contained in the rows which have been placed parallel and adjacent to
each other.
The stitch for "hemming" or "felling" is taught by folding the calico so that
the row of dots on one side meets a row on the other diagonally and then passing
the needle through the under dots and out at the upper ones.
Stitching" is taught by passing the needle through dot 1 and out at 3, then
back through dot 2 and out at 4.
"Gathering" is taught by taking up with the needle every alternate dot
belonging to a row.
"Herring-boning" is taught by folding the calico in a similar manner to that
for "hemming." The needle is then brought out at dot 1 and passed over to dot 9,
and out at 8 then in at 4 and out at 3, finishing the stitch by passing the needle in
at 12 and out at 11.
"
Button-holing," "feather-stitching,” “ tucking,” &c., can also be taught by means
of this arrangement of dots.
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHAINS."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Deakin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th July 1879.
«IM-
WILLIAM DEAKIN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Gentleman.
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHAINS."
My Invention consists in making chains from homogeneous metal scrap, say for
instance rail or plate ends or similar scrap, such scrap being of the Bessemer or
Siemens or like material, and in so constructing the said chains that the operation of
welding is entirely avoided and dispensed with, thereby producing from scrap a
perfectly weldless chain from end to end.
This desirable object I effect by taking say a rail end and submitting the same
to a perpendicular blow or other convenient pressure so as to reduce the enlarged
parts of the rail laterally to the same or nearly the same thickness as the
intermediate parts; next I pass the same through suitable grooved rolls to reduce
the said rail end to the required thickness, after which I pass it through what are
known in the iron and steel trade as slitters or cutters, thereby producing rods or
bars of the dimension required according to the size or description of link of chain
I wish to make; and in like manner when using plate ends or such like scrap I
first shear them to the width required and then subject them to the whole or part
of the operations above named. Such bars or rods so produced I manufacture into
weldless chains according to any shape and design suitable to the multifarious and
numerous purposes for which chains are required and may be bent into form and
manipulated by such means as hammers, punches, presses or their equivalents
actuated by steam or other convenient power and by such means to admit of one
link being lapped or doubled and looped through another, and so on to thecompletion
of the chain without welding of any kind.
It will be readily understood that in carrying my Invention into effect the
means and appliances will have to be varied to meet the numerous purposes and
designs for which such chains may be required so as to obtain the desired shape
and description of link.
Thus it will be seen that by my Invention I produce from scrap homogeneous
metal solid weldless chains whereby increased strength at the wearing parts and
greater durability are obtained, and being enabled to dispense with skilled hand
labour, a great saving in the cost of manufacture and economising of fuel is
effected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS TO FACILI- TATE THE WITHDRAWAL OF VARIOUS DRY GOODS OR MATERIALS FROM CANISTERS AND OTHER RECEPTACLES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Howse and Warren Thompson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd January 1879.
HENRY HOWSE, of Upper Clapton, and WARREN THOMPSON, of De Beauvoir
Town, both in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS TO FACILI-
TATE THE WITHDRAWAL OF VARIOUS DRY GOODS OR MATERIALS FROM CANISTERS
AND OTHER RECEPTACLES."
The Invention has for its object improvements in means to facilitate the with-
drawal of various dry goods or materials from canisters and other receptacles.
For this purpose we form an opening or passage in the lower part of the canister
or receptacle. This opening or passage is enclosed on its back, bottom, and sides,
and for a certain distance at the top adjoining the front, whilst it is open at the
back part to the contents of the canister or receptacle. This latter opening is so
proportioned to the character of the goods or materials contained in the canister or
receptacle that although the contents of the latter can fall into the first mentioned
opening or passage they cannot fall out therefrom, but will assume a greater or less
angle within said opening or passage, according to the character of such contents.
The floor of the opening or passage in some cases is serrated, undulated, or roughened
to prevent the escape of the goods or materials therefrom. Into this opening or
passage we fit a sliding tray or drawer, one portion of which (that nearest the
handle) may be provided with a cover, whilst the farther end is formed to act as a
scoop, fitting the sides and bottom of the opening or passage in which it slides, but
open at the top. Thus the contents of the canister or other receptacle will be
entirely enclosed when the tray or drawer is in position, but a portion of such
contents will be contained in the scoop ready to be withdrawn when required whilst
in the absence of the tray or drawer from the canister or receptacle the goods or
materials will be prevented escaping from the latter by resting on the bottom
of the opening or passage for the tray or drawer, and assuming an angle therein, as
before described.
If desired the tray or drawer when a part thereof is covered may be used as a
measure.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN OR ADDITION TO CERTAIN KINDS OF GAS BURNERS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert Ernest Newton Mason and
Joseph Price at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th
February 1879.
HERBERT ERNEST NEWTON MASON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, and JOSEPH PRICE, of Birmingham aforesaid, Accountant.
"AN
IMPROVEMENT IN OR ADDITION TO CERTAIN KINDS OF GAS BURNERS."
Our Invention has reference principally to gas burners of the kind commonly
called bat's wing burners, but is also applicable to all gas burners in which the gas
emerges from one or more slits. or narrow openings, whether the head of the
burner in which the slit or slits or openings is or are made is dome shaped or
flat, or of other figure produced by turning.
The object of our said Invention is to afford the means of readily determining
the production of a gas flame of the full size, which the position to which the
ordinary stopcock may have been adjusted will permit, or of immediately reducing
the said flame almost to the point of extinction, a minute flame sufficient to main-
tain the gas burning being left, the reducing of the flame to the minimum being
effected without danger of wholly extinguishing it.
Our said Invention is specially applicable to burners used in bedrooms and other
places where it is desirable to be able suddenly and with certainty to produce at
pleasure either an illuminating flame or a minute flame sufficient only to main-
tain the ignition of the gas.
We will describe our Invention as applied to a bat's wing burner. We make
a thin metallic cap of such a size and figure that it fits closely upon the top of the
burner, and is capable of turning thereon. The said cap is provided with a slit
similar in size and shape to that in the burner, the said slit, when made to
coincide with that of the burner, virtually constituting a prolongation of the slit
in the burner. The said cap surmounts a tube, which fits and turns freely upon
the body of the burner. The gallery carrying the glass shade of the burner is
connected to the said tube, and by turning the gallery, the said tube and cap
can be turned. A pin on the body of the burner takes into a slot in the said tube
and limits its motion to an angle of ninety degrees. When the said tube has been
turned to the full extent in one direction, the slit in the cap accurately coincides
with the slit in the burner, and when the said tube has been turned to the full
extent in the other direction, the slit in the cap crosses the slit in the burner at
right angles.

page_text: In the former position the flame is at a maximum, and in the latter position the
flame is at a minimum, the gas being cut off, excepting at the minute opening
formed by the crossing of the slits in the burner and cap. As no position to which
the cap can be brought on the burner wholly closes the slit in the burner the
flame cannot be extinguished by careless manipulation.
In order wholly to put out the light the ordinary stop cock must be closed.
'
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WHARLES' EMPLOYED IN SPINNING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Wilson Thornton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th September 1879.
JOSEPH WILSON THORNTON, of Cottingley, in the County of York, Manu-
facturer. "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WHARLES' EMPLOYED IN SPINNING FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES."
The features of novelty in this Invention consist in the employment of metal
"wharles" made much lighter and of different shape from those heretofore in use
and which are more especially adapted for driving the hollow tubes working on
solid stationary spindles.
For this purpose I cast or fit on the tubes working on solid stationary spindles
"wharles" having dished ends, the bottom ends of the "wharles" are made with
small bosses and in the top dished ends are fitted pins which slightly exceed the
dished ends; these pins enter recesses in the bobbins when the bobbins are passed
over the tubes and drive the bobbins; the bottom flanges of the bobbins only rest
on the top of the dished top ends, but I can employ "wharles" made with flat
surfaces in which are fitted pins; the hollows in which are passed the driving
bands, are made less angular than those in present use, and I may bush or fit the
bottom ends of the tubes with small steel rings to prevent wear and tear.
By these means I produce a more steady and easy driving of bobbin tubes
producing better results in spinning.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIPS' LAMPS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Robert Brailsford and Charles
Wood at the Office of the. Commissioners of Patents on the 1st January 1879.
THOMAS ROBERT BRAILSFORD and CHARLES WOOD, both of Trinity Square, in
the City of London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIPS' LAMPS."
The object of this Invention is to render the navigation by steam and sailing
vessels more safe by lessening the liability to collision.
For this purpose instead of the method hitherto employed of constructing the
side lamps of vessels so as to shew only one fixed coloured light on each of a
vessel's sides we construct such lamps so as to show two lights, one above the other,
on each side of the vessel, the lower light being the fixed colored light as at present,
the
upper light (which we prefer white) being made to appear and disappear by
any suitable means worked by the officer of the watch or other person appointed
for this purpose.
By means of this Invention the change of course effected or about to be effected
by a vessel may be known to other vessels in the vicinity by opening that one of
the upper lights above the present port or starboard side light which may be
visible to vessels in the direction of such changed course. Should the vessel be
seen keeping a straight course the upper lights are kept shut, nothing but her
usual port or starboard lights being visible, but immediately she turns the upper
light appears on the side to which she is turning. Instead of causing the white
light to appear above the present side lamp their relative positions may be reserved,
or they may be detached from each other and the side lamp fixed at any other
convenient preferable part of the vessel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HOES AND AGRICULTURAL DRILLS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Thomas Turner and
Fordham Mote at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st July
1879.
FREDERICK THOMAS TURNER, of the Firm of Murton and Turner, and FORDHAM
MOTE, Manager to the said Firm, of Guiltcross Iron Works, Kenninghall, in the
County of Norfolk, Agricultural Implement Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HOES AND AGRICULTURAL DRILLS."
This Invention relates to improvements in hoes and corn and seed drills, the
object of the Invention being to improve the form of the hoe or drill frame, and
particularly the method of steering or guiding, lifting, and pressing the hoe or drill
levers without requiring the usual weights, also of altering the pitch of the hoe
blade or drill coulter, by which improvements the weight and draught of the
implement are diminished, the construction of the implement simplified, and the
action of the same improved.
In carrying out our improvements we construct the hoe or drill frame with
horizontal bars and suitable side bars, the frame thus formed sliding on a tubular
axle and kept in position by two connecting rods working at one end loosely on
pins or bolts fixed to the shafts, and at the other end on pins on the frame.
To the frame are attached jointed handles which serve for steering and also for
lifting and pressing the hoe blades or the drill coulters, and this arrangement allows
of dispensing with the catch usually required to keep the blades or coulters raised
in travelling.
For this purpose near the inner end of the jointed handles are suspended con-
necting rods carrying at their lower ends a horizontal bar, such bar being connected
by chains or their equivalents to the levers of the hoe or drill for the purpose of
lifting and pressing the hoe blades or drill coulters.
For regulating the pitch of the hoe blades we employ a hind wheel operating a
screw working in a loose nut, the lower end of the screw being connected to a
jointed lever attached to the lever bar.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN OR CONNECTED WITH THE PRINTING OF DESIGNS UPON METAL AND OTHER SURFACES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Griffith Brewer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th May 1879. (A communication
from abroad by Pierre Georges Henry Potier, of Paris, France.)
EDWARD GRIFFITH BREWER, of 33, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex.
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN OR CONNECTED WITH THE PRINTING OF DESIGNS UPON
METAL AND OTHER SURFACES." (A communication from abroad by Pierre Georges
Henry Potier, of Paris, France.)
This Invention refers to printing upon metal sheets and other surfaces by means
of chromo lithography, chromo typography, or equivalent means, any desired
subjects, say for example, upon tin or terne plates, the impressions being made upon
both sides of the sheets, with this peculiarity, that the same subject has a different
aspect on each side.
First. Supposing the subject to be intended to represent that of a soldier on one
side of the sheet, he might be represented with the arms folded and the fire arm
and sword visible; on the other side the arm might be represented to be hanging
down and the fire arm and sword hidden.
Second. Supposing a sheep and a shepherdess are the subjects represented; on
one side of the sheet the sheep will hide a portion of the shepherdess, and on the
other side the shepherdess will be hidden by a part of the sheep.
The objects thus printed arc afterwards cut or stamped out by a tool according
to the outline of the subject.
The cutting tool is so arranged that the outline of the two surfaces are alike and
the drawing is arranged to correspond therewith.
The Invention is particularly applicable to toys; and when so used the represen-
tations are caused to stand in blocks of wood or other suitable material, having
slits cut therein in which the representations are inserted; when removed from the
blocks the subjects can be conveniently packed in bundles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS AND FURNACES FOR BURNING PADDY HUSK AND SIMILAR MATERIALS
Year: 1879

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Dale at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 11th November 1879.
THOMAS DALE, of Kirkcaldy, in the County of Fife, North Britain, Engineer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS AND FURNACES FOR BURNING PADDY HUSK
AND SIMILAR MATERIALS."
This Invention has for its object to construct and arrange steam boilers and their
furnaces, so that paddy husk and similar materials may be burned in a satisfactory
manner, and be thus utilised.
The improved boilers are of what is known as the elephant type, and have their
heating surface entirely external. They consist of horizontal, or nearly horizontal
cylindrical shells of comparatively small diameter connected together by any suitable
number of vertical or inclined tubes. In one simple and convenient modification
there are two main shells both of about the same length, and placed one above the
other, with the upper one projecting forward, and the lower one projecting behind.
The connecting tubes are by preference conical, with their larger ends uppermost.
The furnace is constructed partly under the front end of the upper shell, but being
At the
necessarily of large size, extends also considerably forward therefrom.
extreme front end of the furnace there are ordinary fire bars, on which coal or other
Bolid fuel may be burned for starting the large furnace, or for acting alone when a
supply of paddy husk or similar materials is not available. From the inner end of
the fire bars the furnace bottom constructed of fire bricks slopes down to about
the level of the bottom of the lower boiler shell, and a fire bridge rises up just in
front of the end of the lower boiler shell. The paddy husks or similar materials
are fed in from a hopper over the upper part of the sloping furnace bottom, the
feeding action being kept regular by means of a horizontal screw made to rotate at
a suitable speed and move the materials along a box or channel to the hopper
opening. A similar screw is provided for removing the ashes. The flames and fire
gases pass over the bridge and along between the upper and lower boiler shells, and
amongst the connecting tubes to the back end, and then return forwards beneath
the lower shell to a transverse flue at the front end. The lower shell is slightly
inclined, its front end being the lower; and this inclination facilitates the removal
of mud or deposits by a blow-off cock which is connected to the front end. The
D...93%

page_text: back end of the lower shell projects through the brickwork, and is provided with a
cleaning door. The fire bricks forming the bottom and sides of the furnace and
the fire bridge are by preference hollow, and air is passed through them so as to
become heated, and is then admitted behind. the bridge, or at any suitable part or
parts of the flues, for the purpose of completing the combustion of the fuel 5
gases.