Coffee Roasters and other similar Machines.
Year: 1885

page_text: Coffee Roasters and other similar Machines.
I, ALFRED NICHOLAS of Malvern Villas Havelock Road, Handsworth, in the
County of Stafford, Call Bell Maker, do hereby declare the nature of said invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING OR DRIVING MECHANISM FOR DOMESTIC COFFEE
ROASTERS AND OTHER SIMILAR MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My invention relates to propelling or driving mechanism for domestic coffee
roasters and other objects or appliances where a slow rotary motion is required;
and my said invention consists in the production of a simple motor or means
whereby domestic coffee roasters, drying appliances and such like objects, can be
slowly and uniformally rotated by spring power, without employing complicated
trains of gearing and other arrangements for speeding down as is commonly
practiced.
I will describe my invention as applied to a domestic coffee roaster.
The coffee roaster consists essentially of a drum or barrel, elevated a short
distance above a series of gas jets or burners passing or issuing from a horizontal
pipe running under and lying parallel with the face of the said drum, and forming
with a vertical upright a T stand. The drum or barrel described, is supported at
one end upon an upright bracket or bearing, and at the other end, upon the driving
axis of the motor. This driving axis passes through the inside face of the case or
covering enclosing motive power expedients, which is situated at the last named
end of the machine. The casing or covering is supported by a forked bracket at
two points near its outer circumference.
This
The elements of the driving and regulating mechanism consist essentially of a
coiled and ribband spring attached at one end to the driving axis, while the other
end is connected to the inside of the fixed casing; and within the front part of the
casing a large face wheel is situated of nearly the diameter of the said case.
face wheel moves freely in one direction upon the main spindle or axis while in
the other direction it engages with a ratchet wheel through the intervention of a
paul carried by the face wheel; that is, the face wheel carries a paul which engages
with the teeth of a ratchet wheel fixed to the driving axis, when moving in one
direction, while in the other direction the said wheel moves independently of the
paul. (This is simply for the purpose of winding.) A spring of the ordinary kind
keeps the paul to the ratchet teeth, Suspended from a bracket on the inside front
:

page_text: of the case, is a bobbed pendulum, the verge of the escapement of which is situated
at the top passes through a hole in the outer casing, and engages with the teeth of
the face wheel. This face wheel constitutes both a scape wheel and a regulator.
The teeth of this combined scape wheel and regulator consist of two concentric
rows of triangular or V like teeth, the bases of the angles of the top row forming
the outer periphery, while the bases of the inner row form the inner periphery, the
positions of the teeth are such, that the points of one set of teeth come opposite
the spaces of the other set. This allows the pallet or verge of the escapement to
act alternately upon the two sets, and thus allowing the spring to run down only
at a determinate rate regulated by the pendulum. A handle is situated at the back
of the case for the winding of the spring.
To put the apparatus in motion, wind up the coiled spring at the back of the
case, and when sufficient tension has been created, set the pendulum in motion, the
swinging of which allows the teeth of the top and bottom rows to alternately escape
the pallet or verge of the escapement, or rather the teeth of the face wheel press
alternately upon the opposite sides of the pallet, thus allowing the wheel to escape
or run down to the extent of one tooth on each oscillation of the pendulum, thereby
allowing an uniform slow rotary motion to be imparted to the drum containing the
coffee berries to be roasted. Besides giving a slow rotary motion, a slight oscillatory
motion is also imparted to the drum. This last named motion is advantageous
inasmuch as the berries are slightly shaken or rolled which necessarily disturbs
the berries on each oscillation of the pendulum, and gives a greater uniformity
in the roasting than is acquired by using driving mechanism of the ordinary
construction,
Although I have described my invention in connection with an apparatus where
gas is the source of heat by which the berries are roasted, yet my said invention is
equally applicable for the propelling of coffee roasters when used in connection with
an ordinary fire.
:

page_text: Improvements in Propelling or Driving Mechanism for Domestic
Coffee Roasters and other similar Machines.
I, ALFRED NICHOLAS of Malvern Villas Havelock Road, Handsworth in the
County of Stafford, Call bell Maker, do hereby declare the nature of said invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING OR DRIVING MECHANISM FOR DOMESTIC coffee
ROASTERS AND OTHER SIMILAR MACHINES," and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
My invention relates to propelling or driving mechanism for domestic coffee
roasters and other objects or appliances where a slow rotary motion is required;
and my said invention consists in the production of a simple motor or means
whereby domestic coffee roasters, drying appliances and such like objects, can be
slowly and uniformally rotated by spring power, without employing complicated
trains of gearing.and other arrangements for speeding down as is commonly practiced.
I will describe my invention as applied to a domestic coffee roaster.
The coffee roaster consists essentially of a drum or barrel, elevated a short
distance above a series of gas jets or burners passing or issuing from a horizontal
pipe running under and lying parallel with the face of the said drum, and forming
with a vertical upright a T stand. The drum or barrel described, is supported at
one end upon an upright bracket or bearing, and at the other end, upon the driving
axis of the motor. This driving axis passes through the inside face of the case or
covering enclosing motive power expedients, which is situated at the last named
end of the machine. The casing or covering is supported by a forked bracket at
two points near its outer circumference.
This
The elements of the driving and regulating mechanism consist essentially of a)
coiled or ribband spring attached at one end to the driving axis, while the other
end is connected to the inside of the fixed casing, and within the front part of the
casing a large face wheel is situated of nearly the diameter of the said case.
face wheel moves freely in one direction upon the main spindle or axis while in
the other direction it engages with a ratchet wheel through the intervention of a
pawl carried by the face wheel; that is, the face wheel carries a pawl which
engages with the teeth of a ratchet wheel fixed to the driving axis, when moving.
in one direction, while in the other direction the said wheel moves independently
of the pawl. (This is simply for the purpose of winding.) A spring of the ordinary
kind keeps the pawl to the ratchet teeth. Suspended from a bracket on the inside
front of the case, is a bobbed pendulum, the verge of the escapement of which is
situated at the top end and passes through a hole in the outer casing, and engages
with the teeth of the face wheel. This face wheel constitutes both a scape wheel
and a regulator. The teeth of this combined scape wheel and regulator consist of.
two concentric rows of triangular or V like teeth, the bases of the angles of the
top row forming the outer periphery, while the bases of the inner row form the
inner periphery; the positions of the teeth are such, that the points of one set of
teeth come opposite the spaces of the other set. This allows the pallet or verge of.
the escapement to act alternately upon the two sets, and thus allowing the spring:
to run down only at a determinate rate regulated by the pendulum. A handle is
situated at the back of the case for the winding of the spring.
To put the apparatus in motion, wind up the coiled spring at the back of the,
case, and when sufficient tension has been created, set the pendulum in motion,
the swinging of which, allows the teeth of the top and bottom rows to alternately,

page_text: escape the pallet or verge of the escapement, or rather the teeth of the face wheel
press alternately upon the opposite sides of the pallet, thus allowing the wheel to
escape or run down to the extent of one tooth on each oscillation of the pendulum,
thereby allowing a uniform slow rotatory motion to be imparted to the drum con-
taining the coffee berries to be roasted. Besides giving a slow rotatory motion, a
slight oscillatory or shaking motion is also imparted to the drum. This last named
motion is advantageous, inasmuch as the berries are slightly shaken or rolled to
and fro which necessarily disturbs the berries on each oscillation of the pendulum,
and gives a greater uniformity in the roasting than is acquired by using driving
mechanism of the ordinary construction.
Although I have described my invention in connection with an apparatus where
gas is the source of heat by which the berries are roasted, yet my said invention
is equally applicable for the propelling of coffee roasters when used in connection
with an ordinary fire.
The application of my invention, as a motor for the driving of other objects or
machines where a slow rotary motion is required, differs in no essential respect
from its application to a motor for imparting motion to a coffee roaster.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawing, the
manner in which the same is to be performed.
Figure 1 is a front elevation of a coffee roaster, provided with a motor con-
structed according to my invention. Figure 2 is an end elevation of the right
hand end of the machine, taken from the dotted lines A B figure 1. Figure 3 is a
front view of the face wheel, and some of the other parts of the motor or driving
mechanism. The casing wherein the means of propulsion are enclosed, is shown
in section; and further, the verge of the escapement which regulates the
running down of the spring and motion of the wheel on the oscillation of the
pendulum, is shown in section; the escapement part is indicated in dotted lines.
Figures 4 and 5 represent portions of the combined scape wheel and regulator
upon an enlarged scale; the verge of the escapement being shown in section, and
the said verge is also shown in the two positions which it respectively assumes on
the complete oscillation of the pendulum with which it is connected.
The same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures
of the Drawing.
a is the drum or barrel of the coffee roaster mounted upon an axis b and
elevated a short distance above a series of gas jets o issuing from a horizontal gas
jet pipe c which is in communication with a flexible or other gas pipe not shown.
dd are uprights or standards carrying the gas jet pipe cand forming the stand
for the coffee roaster and motor, while the upper part of these end standards form
the bearings for the axis b carrying the drum a and motor. The motor end of the
axis b is made sleeve or socket like, wherein a square spindle on the motor axis b
takes, in order that the drum may be made separable from the motor axis, for the
purpose of removing the drum in order to extract the berries, after they have been
sufficiently charred or roasted. e is a casing wherein the driving mechanism is
contained, and which said casing or covering is supported by the forked ends d³ of
the uprights or standards d.
The elements of the driving mechanism consist of an involute or ribband springf
attached at its inner end f' to the axis b³, and attached at its outer end ƒ³ to the
inside of the fixed casing e and marked e2; and carried by the axis, is a ratchet
wheel g. h is a combined scape and regulator wheel, mounted and capable of
moving freely in one direction, but is made rigid to the said axis in the other
direction, through the intervention of a pawl i carried by it and engaging with
the ratchet wheel g; that is, the face wheel h carries a pawl i which is kept up to
the teeth of a ratchet wheel g by a spring j; so that on the wheel moving in one
direction for winding, it becomes rigid with the central axis, while in the other
direction, it is free to rotate, for the giving out of the power accumulated in the
spring-k is a handle secured on the outside end of the axis 63 for winding up the
spring.

page_text: Suspended from the bracket / secured on the inside front of the case, is a bobbed
pendulum m, carrying at its upper end the verge n of which the pallet is marked o
which passes through a hole in the outsido case, and engages alternately with one
or other of the teeth p, q on the complete oscillation of the pendulum. Thus the
teeth of this combined scape wheel and regulator consists of V or part diamond
shaped teeth p and outer teeth q. The positions of the teeth are such, that the
points or apexes of one set of teeth, come opposite the spaces of the other set.
This compels the pallet of the verge to be presented alternately to the two rows
of teeth, on the pendulum's complete oscillation, thereby allowing the spring to
run down only at a determinate rate. Thus the oscillation of the pendulum (see
figure 4) brings the pallet of the verge in front of the inner row of teeth p,
while during the interval of the oscillation of the said pendulum to the right, brings
the pallet in front of one of the upper row of teeth, the wheel is thus allowed to
move to an extent equal to half a space between two teeth. The return motion of
the pendulum in each case so acts upon the sides of the teeth so as to give a slight
vibratory motion to the driving axis and a shuffling motion to the berries in the
drum of the roaster. This vibratory motion is created by the movement of the
verge from one set of teeth to the other.
To put the apparatus in motion, wind up the spring by rotating the axis b¹ by
the handle k, then set the pendulum m in motion, the swinging of which allows the
teeth p q to alternately escape the pallet of the verge, on the said pallet changing
its position from the lower to the upper row or vice versa, thereby allowing the
wheel h and axis 6' to run down to the extent of half a space, or to the extent of
a tooth on each oscillation to the right or left; so by this means, a slow rotatory
and slight shuffling motion is imparted to the drum of the roaster.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is-
First. A combined scape wheel and regulator, for motors for driving and
propelling purposes, consisting of a face wheel, with two concentric rows of
triangular or V shaped teeth, with the points of one set coming opposite the spaces
of the other set, substantially as and for the purpose as described and illustrated.
Secondly. A verge escapement in which the pallet is cranked out of the plane
upon which it turns; so that on the oscillation of a pendulum to which it is con-
nected, the acting face is brought alternately in front of the double row of teeth
of the scape and regulator wheel as described and illustrated.
Thirdly. In a motor or machine, for driving or propelling purposes; consisting
of a scape and regulator wheel and driving axis, the former of which is controlled
and regulated in its movement by a verge carried by a pendulum, the oscillations
of which said pendulum determine and regulate the rate of motion, that the wheel
and axis shall acquire, consequent on the unwinding or giving out of an involute
or ribband spring, connected at its ends respectively to the driving axis and outer
enclosing casing. The connection and disconnection of the scape and regulator
wheel with the driving axis is effected by a pawl and ratchet wheel, constructed,
arranged, and operating in the manner and for the purpose, substantially as
described and illustrated.
SML 1000