A NEW COMBINATION OF MATERIALS POR THE PURPOSE OF MANUFACTURING A MANURING POWDER
Year: 1842

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DOMINIC
FRICK ALBERT, of Cadishead, near Manchester, Doctor of Laws, Manufacturing
Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Tenth day of August, in the sixth year of Her reign, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Dominic
Frick Albert, Her especial license that I, the said Dominic Frick Albert, my
exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Dominic Frick Albert,
my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in the Islands of Jersey,
Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and also all Her Majesty's Colonies and
Plantations abroad, my Invention of "A NEW COMBINATION OF MATERIALS POR
THE PURPOSE OF MANUFACTURING A MANURING POWDER;" in which said Letters
Patent is contained a proviso obliging me, the said Dominic Frick Albert, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and
ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, and to cause the same to be enrolled in Her said Majesty's High

page_text: Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference
being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Dominic Frick Albert, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention to
consist in the introduction by the cheapest means in a given quantity of com-
post or manure of the greatest quantity of such acids, alkalis, and salts as are
required for the nutrition of plants; and this I effect by the combination of the
following materials, that is to say:―
1st DIVISION OF THE OPERATION.
No. 1. Three and a half parts of ammoniacal water from the works where
gas is made from coal, or two parts of the spent urical liquor in the scouring
of woollen tissues, cloth, flannel, &c., which liquor in its spent state is found
combined with pigs dung and dissolved soap. No. 2. Three parts of human
excrements, the solid and liquid rejections from the animal economy, being
generally found mixed together, will facilitate the operation of passing the
substance through a riddle to free it from the many heterogeneous matters
which are usually thrown on it; should it be too compact to admit its passage,
it must be diluted with the liquid No. 1 or 3, or both of them. No. 3. Three
parts of blood and animal gelatine, fibres, or teguments. All skins and fleshes
must be previously boiled to a pulp to save grinding and chopping. All sorts
of abandoned carcases belong to this number. No. 4. One part of pure horse
or cow dung. The ingredients under these four numbers are worked together
in a large vat or cemented reservoir to a paste, and their volatile ammoniacal
.gases are rendered stationary in the amalgame by the addition from two to
three per cent. of hydrochloric acid (muriatic acid) well mixed with the
animalized composition. In whatever stage of decomposition or putrefaction
the materials or liquids are used, a few minutes will subdue all obnoxious
effluvia, and in their place there will be left a light and rather pleasant ammo-
niacal smell, which prevents all nuisance, and admits its manufacture in the
very centre of the towns. This mixture is now ready to receive the dessicating
powder, which is also a disinfecting auxiliary, and forms the
2nd DIVISION OF THE OPERATION.

page_text: rized and well dried aluminous clay. No. 4. Half part of vegetable ashes,
or alcalic silicates, as glass works refuses. No. 5. Half part of chlorure of
sodium (common salt). Of numbers 1 and 4, I would state that they may
be produced without any apparatus in the same operation by setting fire to a
heap of vegetable fragments, spent bark, peat, sawdust, potato tops, &c., and
covering the whole with sods when in full combustion. Being an imperfect
mode of carbonization, charcoal and ashes will both be produced, and a sieve
will separate them; sawdust from deal should be preferred, as the most
abundant and the cheapest; it contains as much potash as the potato tops, and
as much phosphate of lime as black turf. Of No. 2 I would state that these
mineral acidulated materials have the property of attracting and retaining the
condensed amoniac precipitated on the earth in rain. Of No. 3 I would state
that schiste is a mineral black, grey, or slate coloured crust covering the most
of the coal strata, and is chiefly composed of flint and alumine, containing
also some bituminous oil. Flint is the first solid substance taken up by the
plant through the alcalic agent in the composition. Alumine is attractive for
amoniac. Of No. 5 I would state that chlorure of sodium (common salt) is a
powerful salt for attracting and retaining the dampness from the air, a favour-
able stimulus for vegetation in general, a preservative against deceases in
plants, and a protection for seeds against insects.
I will now proceed to enumerate certain substitutes for the ingredients
already mentioned in both divisions of the operation, which may be used in
order to facilitate the manufacture in certain localities where these substitutes
may happen to abound, or be easily attainable.
1st DIVISION.
No. 1. Urine in general from man and beast, but the latter must be used
in the proportion of three parts for two in the first. One part of bone dust
macerated in one-half of its weight of sulphuric acid will answer the purpose
of two and a half parts of urine. Numbers 2, 3, and 4. All sorts of animal
refuses, but particularly the refuse from cleaning of foreign wool, such as the
Buenos Ayres, which yields one half of its weight of impurities, retaining
much wool, woollen rags, tallow chandlers grease bottoms, tanners spent lime,
containing much hair, offal from sheep's feet dressing, animal charcoal from
prussiate of potash works, cotton spinners waste impregnated with oil, all the
scrapings and cuttings from hides and leather refuses from the glue manufac-
tories, &c. &c. Instead of hydrochloric acid (muriatic acid) sulphuric acid
may be used, but it is generally more expensive.
17

page_text: No. 1. Soot with the half proportion of charcoal may also be used. In the
carbonisation of turf preference must be given to the deepest in black or
dark colour. No. 2. The soaperies refuse, where kelp is employed, can
advantageously represent the half of these earths; pulverised oyster shells
belong also to this number. No. 3. To save grinding the schiste let it be
exposed to the rain, and it will fall in powder by itself. No. 4. In any place
where a great quantity of soap water is produced, let it be received in a
cistern, and throw the mineral powders here described into it; the water will
evaporate, leaving the grease and the caustic alkali in the materials. No. 5.
The worst stained rock salt will answer the purpose, and in its place all sea
plants dryed and rubbed into a powder, or calcined, will be preferable, and cost
still less. The animalized spent salt from the curing of pork, &c. is very good
for this purpose. This manure will dry into a powder by itself under a well-
aired shade. To hasten the dessication apply a stove. When used in a damp
state it will have a much quicker effect on the vegetation. It may be thrown
or spread over the land with a common spade in the ordinary mode of
spreading bone dust and other manures in powder. This compost being made
almost entirely from refuses, may be considered the cheapest of all manufac-
tured manures, since the original cost of the materials is not much above the
usual price given for stable dung and nightsoil, which both it surpasses
far, saving at the same time ten-fold the expenses of carting and labour in
general.
Having now described the various materials of which my new combination
is composed, and the relative proportions in which they are to be used, I
hereby claim as my Invention the combination of the materials herein-before
specified in the proportions aforesaid, and the production thereby of a powder
or manure at a very cheap rate, which powder contains a more abundant
quantity of such acid, alkalis, and salts, as are required for the nutrition of
plants than any other manure now produced at an equally cheap rate. And
such my Invention, being to the best of my knowledge and belief entirely new,
and never before used within that part of Her said Majesty's United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland called England, Her said Dominion of Wales,
or Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey,
Alderney, Sark, and Man, also all Her Majesty's Colonies and Plantations
abroad, I do hereby declare this to be my Specification of the same, and that
I do verily believe this my said Specification doth comply in all respects fully
and without reserve or disguise with the proviso in the said herein-before in

page_text: part recited Letters Patent contained; wherefore I hereby claim to maintain
exclusive right and privilege to my said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Dominic Frick Albert, have hereunto set
my hand and seal this Eighth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-three.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Eighth day of February, in the
year cf our Lord 1843, the aforesaid Dominic Frick Albert came before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Tarallel
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