IMPROVE- _MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FORGING NAILS AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Delacourt Blyth, of 113, Fenchurch
Street, in the County of Middlesex, and James Adair, of Crane Court,
Fleet Street, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
_MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FORGING NAILS AND OTHER ARTICLES." -A
communication from abroad by John Hood, of New York, in the United
States of America.
Sealed the 15th August 1861, and dated the 21st February 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Delacourt
Blyth and James Adair at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 21st February 1861.
We, FREDERICK DELACOURT BLYTH, of 118, Fenchurch Street, in the
County of Middlesex, and JAMES ADAIR, of Crane Court, Fleet Street, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FORGING NAILS AND OTHER ARTICLES," to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates more particularly to the description of forging
machine, for which Letters Patent were granted to A. V. Newton, bearing
date the 17th June 1857, No. 1699. In-this-machine two hammers and
two anvil faces were employed, which two anvil faces were formed upon a
vibrating or rocking shaft and at such an angle, that by the rocking motion

page_text: first one anvil face is brought into a horizontal position under the piece of
metal to be forged and remained so while the metal received a vertical blow
from one of the hammers, then that anvil face was caused to recede, and
the second anvil was brought into a vertical position on one side of the piece
of metal to be forged, and remained so while the piece of metal received a
horizontal blow on the other side from the other hammer. The two hammers
received their vibrating motion from two rocking shafts to which they were
respectively attached in such a manner that the hammer arms projecting
from hubs or bosses turning loose upon the rocking shafts were provided
with studs which entered into wide mortices in arms fixed rigidly to the
rocking shafts, and were there held by set screws, by means of which the
position of the studs in the mortices, and thereby the distance of the hammers
from their respective anvil faces was regulated. It having been found that
in this arrangement if the machine worked at a great speed the hammer
arms were apt to break by the violent vibrations resulting from the successive
blows upon the anvil faces, one object of the present Invention is to remedy
this defect by improving upon the before described method of communicating
the motion of the rocking shafts to the hammer arms by letting the studs
attached to the hammer arms into slightly wider mortices formed in second
studs fixed to hubs or bosses turning loose on the rocking shaft, but which
second studs pass through wide mortices formed in arms fixed to the rocking
shafts and are there held by means of set screws and intervening india-rubber
springs. Thus by the small amount of play allowed to the studs on the
hammer arms in the mortices of the second studs, and by the elastic manner
in which these second studs are held in the mortices of the arms fixed to
the rocking shafts on account of the india-rubber-springs intervening between
the studs and the set screws, the blows of the hammers are rendered of a
yielding nature similar to those produced by a hammer held by the hand,
and the vibrations arising from the blows on the anvils not passing beyond
the hammer arms themselves are thus prevented effectually from causing
the fracture of the same. A further object of this Invention is to regulate
the exact amount of metal to be acted upon by the hammers at one time by
means of a gauge which is raised and dropped in front of the hole through
which the metal rod is inserted.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Frederick Delacourt Blyth and James Adair in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 20th August 1861.
:
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, FREDERICK
DELACOURT BLYTH, of 113, Fenchurch Street, in the County of Middlesex,
and JAMES ADAIR, of Crane Court, Fleet Street, in the County of Middlesex,.
send greeting.
"
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said Frederick Delacourt Blyth and James Adair, Her special
licence that we, the said Frederick Delacourt Blyth and James Adair, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Frederick
Delacourt Blyth and James Adair, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend; within the United Kingdom, of, Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FORGING NAILS AND OTHER ARTICLES," a
communication to them by John Hood, of New York, in the United States
of America, upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Frederick
Delacourt Blyth and James Adair, our executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under our, or their hands and seals, or under the hand
and seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Frederick Delacourt Blyth and James
Adair, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement thereof, that is to say::-
This Invention relates more particularly to the description of forging machine
for which Letters Patent were granted to Alfred Vincent Newton, bearing
date the 17th June-1857, No. 1699. In this machine two. hammers and
two anvil faces, were employed, which two anvil faces were formed upon a
vibrating or rocking shaft, and at such an angle that by the rocking motion

page_text: first one anvil face was brought into a horizontal position under the piece of
metal to be forged, and remained so while the metal received a vertical blow
from one of the hammers, then that anvil face was caused to recede and the
second anvil face was brought into a vertical position on one side of the piece
of metal to be forged, and remained so while the piece of metal received a
horizontal blow on the other' side from the other hammer. The two hammers
received their vibrating motion from two rocking shafts to which they were
respectively attached in such a manner that the hammer arms projecting from
hubs or bosses turning loose upon the rocking shafts, were provided with studs
which entered into wide mortices in arms fixed rigidly to the rocking shafts,
and were there held by set screws, by means of which the position of the
studs in the mortices, and thereby the distance of the hammers from their
respective anvil faces, was regulated. It having been found that in this
arrangement the hammer arms or their shafts were apt to break by the violent
vibrations resulting from the successive blows upon the anvil faces, one object
of the present Invention is to remedy this defect by improving upon the before
described method of communicating the motion of the rocking shafts to the
hammer arms by letting the studs attached to the hammer arms pass into
slightly wider mortices formed in second studs fixed to hubs or bosses turning
loose on the rocking shaft, but which second studs pass through wide mortices
formed in arms fixed to the rock shafts, and are there held by means of set screws
and intervening india-rubber pads, thus by the small amount of play allowed to
the studs of the hammer arnis in the mortices of the second studs, and by the
elastic manner in which these second studs are held in the mortices of the arms.
fixed to the rocking shafts, on account of the india-rubber springs intervening
between the studs and the set screws, the blows of the hammers are rendered
of a yielding nature, similar to those produced by a hammer held by the hand,
and the fracture of the same is effectually prevented.
Another part of this Invention has reference to the manner of feeding in
and regulating the exact amount of metal to be acted upon at one time, as
also the manner of cutting the same off after it is forged.
But in order that this Invention may be more fully understood and readily
carried into effect, we will now describe the best means we are acquainted with
of performing the same, reference being had to the accompanying Drawing
and to the Figures marked thereon.
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, shew one arrangement of this machine with
our improvements: Figure 1 is a transverse section shewing the rocking anvil
shaft and hammers; Figure 2 is a plan; Figure 3 is a transverse section
looking towards the feeder, shewing the gauge and cutters; Figure 4 is a side

page_text: elevation of the machine; Figure 5 is a detached section through the upper
hammer shaft and fixed arn, and Figure 6 is an end view of the feeder.
Similar letters indicate similar parts in all the Figures.
A is the rocking anvil shaft, having the two anvil faces a, a¹, and receiving
a rocking motion by means of the crank B on the driving shaft C, in such a
manner that alternately the anvil face a¹ is brought into a vertical position on
one side of the piece of metal to be forged, and the anvil face a is brought
into a horizontal position beneath the piece of metal to be forged; D is the
rock shaft of the upper hammer, working upon the adjustable centres d, d, fixed
in the framing E, E. To this rock shaft is fixed the slotted arm F, in the slot
of which works the crank pin c attached to the driving shaft C, thus producing
the rocking motion of the shaft D. There is further attached to this shaft an
arm G having a wide slot or mortice 9 through which passes a portion of a
second arm H which is loose on the rock shaft, and is held in the mortice of
the arm G by the set screws b, b, and intervening india-rubber pads e, e, as
shewn more clearly in the detached section through the arm, Figure 5. The
loose arm H has attached to it a slotted stud h, into the slot of which passes
the stud i fixed to the hub or boss of the hammer arm I; this hammer arm I
is loose upon the rock shaft D, but receives a vibratory motion from it by the
arrangement just described. By reason of the stud i having a small amount
of play in the slot or mortice of the stud h fixed to the arm H, and by reason
of this latter being held in the before described elastic and adjustable manner
in the arm G fixed to the rock shaft D, the blows of the hammer J upon the
anvil face a are rendered of so yielding a nature as effectually to prevent the
breaking of the hammer arm I, or of parts of the hammer rock shaft, as was
the case in the former arrangement where the stud on the hub of the hammer
arm passed directly into the mortice of the fixed arm G, and was there held
by the set screws. The hammer and hammer arm J' and I' receive a pre-
cisely similar motion to that of the hammer J, by means of the stud i¹ entering
the mortice in the stud h¹ fixed to the loose arm H¹, which is held in the
mortice of the arm G₁ fixed to the rock shaft D' which receives its motion
from the crank pin c working in the slot of the arm F¹ fixed to the rock
shaft D. By the arrangement of the rock shafts D and D' relatively to the
crank on the driving shaft C, their vibrating motion occurs consecutively in
such a manner that the hammer J is brought down in the same moment that
the anvil face a is brought into a horizontal position, after which the hammer J'.
is brought forward in the same moment that the anvil face a¹ is brought into
a vertical position. The rod of metal which is to be operated upon, and which is
indicated by red lines upon the Drawing, is placed upon the feeder K, which is

page_text: capable of sliding in and out of the framing, being supported by the piece
attached to the hollow rod L fixed to the framing E. The amount of forward
motion of the feeder K is regulated by the small shoulder 1 coming against the
face of 1, whilst the amount of backward motion is regulated by the projecting
piece k coming against the end of the adjustable set screw 2 fixed in l. In order
to fix the bar of metal to be forged when placed in its proper position upon the
feeder K, this latter is provided with a hinged lever M having a projection m,
which, on the lever being depressed, nips the bar of metal. tightly on to the
feeder. The bar of metal projects through an opening in the framing, above
which is fixed the cutter N, and below which is the moveable cutter N¹, the
action of which shall be presently described. In front of this aperture is the
moveable gauge 0, which is alternately projected before the aperture when
the bar of metal is pushed forward on the feeder, so as to gauge the exact
amount of metal to be acted upon at one time by the hammers, and is then
withdrawn to allow of the feeder with the bar of metal being brought forward
to the proper position for forging. The distance of this gauge O in front of the
cutters may be varied according to the amount of metal which it is desired to
forge at one time, by the adjustable guide o, in which it works, being fixed in
a more forward or more backward position upon the framing, it being provided
for this purpose with a slot 3 and set screw 4. The gauge O. receives its
backward and forward motion from the treadle P through the bell-crank p, a
spring 5 being attached to the end of the same and to the hook r, so as to
bring the
gauge forward when the treadle P is not depressed. This treadle is
hinged at on the top of the treadle Q for stopping and starting the
machine, so that the former is first depressed and the gauge withdrawn from
the front of the cutters to enable the metal being fed forward under the ham-
mers before the treadle Q is depressed and the machine put in motion. When
the metal has been forged into the required shape, the feeder K, with the
metal upon it, is drawn back by the operator until the projection k.comes
against the set screw 2, the position of which regulates the length of the head
of the nail or the length of the object which has been forged. The moveable
cutter N¹ is now caused to move up and cut off. the forged nail or other object
by the following arrangement:-Fixed to the anvil shaft A is a tappet R which
moves up and down with the same. When the nail is being forged, and the
cutter N¹ is in the position indicated by dotted lines in Figure 3, the tappet R
moves up and down under the part, marked 6, of the cutter, which is hollowed
out, and therefore the cutter is not raised by it; but when the nail is required
to be cut off, a piece 7 fixed underneath the cutter N¹ is slid forward, and the
tappet R, on rising, coming in contact with it, raises the cutter N¹, and the

page_text: nail is cut off between it and the fixed cutter N. To prevent the nail or other
object, when cut off, from being thrown upwards, a spring f fixed to the
framing E is made to press upon it and to throw it downwards, when the cutter
N₁ recedes again; this latter is effected by the tappet R, while descending,
pressing against the curved arm T fixed to the cutter. To effect the bringing
forward of the piece 7 it has attached to it a slotted arm 8, in which works
the pin of a small crank s fixed to a spindle S which passes through the
hollow rod L, and has another crank s¹ with a handle 9' attached to the other
end of it. The operator, by turning this crank s, also turns the crank s, and
effects the bringing forward of the piece 7, which, when the handle 9 is let go
of, is brought back into its original position by the spring n. To prevent the
cutter being raised by the accidental bringing forward of the piece 7 during
the operation of forging when the feeder K is pushed forward, this latter is
provided with an arm k¹, shewn more clearly in Figure 6, which, when the
feeder K is pushed forward, is over the handle 9, this latter being then situ-
ated as shewn by dotted lines, and thus its rising is prevented. The machine
is represented in the accompanying Drawing as having just cut off a finished
nail, the treadle Q being raised and the machine stopped. The arrangement
for stopping and starting the machine, as shewn on the Drawing, consists of
the pulley X fixed to the end of the lever Y, which pulley is made to press
against the loose driving band so as to tighten round the drum V on the
driving shaft when the machine is to be started. This is effected by the
treadle Q, which, on being depressed, turns the crank W. and the spindle Z,
to which the lever Y is attached.
In Figures 7, 8, and 9, on the accompanying Drawing, is shewn a modi-
fication of the before-described arrangement of the hammer and its rock shaft.
Figure 7 is a transverse section; Figure 8 is a side elevation; and Figure 9
is a plan of the upper rock shaft and hammer. The main difference from the
before described arrangement is, that the stud or short arm i, Figures 1, 2,
3, 4, held in a loose manner in the mortice of the stud h on the loose arm H,
is here dispensed with, and the hammer arm I itself is held in a loose manner
in the mortice or jaws of the stud h on the arm H, which in this case has a
slightly different form. Another modification is, that here the hammer arm I
is fixed to the rock shaft D, whilst the morticed arm G, from which it receives
its motion, and to which is attached the slotted arm F, is loose upon the
same.
Having now described the nature of this Invention, and the best manner
we are acquainted with of performing the same, we wish it to be understood
that we do not limit ourselves to the exact proportions and details as shewn on

page_text: the accompanying Drawing, as these may be variously modified without
departing from the principles of this Invention; nor do we claim the general
arrangement of this machine, in so far as it is similar to that described in the
Specification of Letters Patent granted to Alfred Vincent Newton, and dated
17th June 1857, No. 1699; but what we claim under the before in part
recited Letters Patent is,-
First, the arrangement by which the hammers of such forging machines
are first held in a loose manner in a slot or between jaws of an arm which
itself is again held in a tight but elastic and adjustable manner in a slot of the
arm communicating motion to the hammers by which the blows of the latter
are rendered of an elastic, and yielding nature, substantially as herein-before
described.
Secondly, the arrangement by which the exact quantity of metal to be acted
upon at one time by the hammers, and the point at which the nail is cut off
after being forged, is regulated and determined, and the arrangement by which
the cutting off is effected, substantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Frederick Delacourt Blyth and James
Adair, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twentieth day of
August, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-one:
C. D. ABEL.
FRED, D. BLYTH. (L.S.)
. (L.S).
J. ADAIR.