Paved and Pitched Streets or Roadways.
Year: 1885

page_text: Paved and Pitched Streets or Roadways.
I, EDMUND YOUNG, Member of the Royal College of Surgeons, Steyning, Sussex
do hereby declare the nature of the said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANNER METHOD OR MODE OF DIMINISHING THE SLIPPERINESS PRODUCED BY
FROST, OF STREETS, ROADS, AND PAVED AND PITCHED STREETS, OR ROADWAYS
to be as follows:-
"
This invention has for its object improvements in the manner, method, or mode,
of diminishing the slipperiness produced by frost, of streets, roads, and paved or
pitched streets, or roadways, and consists in using and mixing or amalgamating
with the grouting, concrete, or material or materials used in filling in the interstices,
of suitable deliquesced material, or materials, or substances or combination of the
same, which require a lower temperature to freeze them, than is required by fresh
water, when such is used, and for this purpose I employ salt, salt water, chloride of
calcium, or any of the cheap and well known deliquescent chemical ingredients
which require a freezing point lower than that of fresh water, and either mix
them direct with the grouting or filling, or with the water employed in mixing the
same, in suitable proportions to enable the desired end to be attained.
In the case of wood pavement I previously saturate or pickle the blocks in, or
by means of, suitable apparatus used for such purpose, until the. liquid has
thoroughly permeated and is incorporated with the substance of the wood blocks..
I do not however confine or limit myself to any particular form or arrangement
of blocks in forming wood pavement, but a cheap and ready mode of forming them
will be found in cross cutting of the required lengths from fir poles of say six, to
eight or nine inches in diameter, and employing them in their natural shape, and
of an even size, after they have been pickled or permeated with the material or
materials, or combination of the same, employed for the purpose, and filling in the
interstices with grouting containing some of the said material or materials, or
combination thereof. By preference I would lay the wood blocks, prepared as-
hereinbefore described, on a waterproof bed or foundation, in place of the lime,
or cement and water concrete, now used for the purpose, or if the bed be so made, >

page_text: I would cover the same with a coat of asphalte, pitch, coal tar, or other suitable
.and convenient material, or substance, or combination of the same, which will attain
this result.
I am well aware that sprinkling, or wetting the surfaces, of wood, and other
paved roads and streets, and ordinary macadamised roads with salt water, solutions
of salt, chloride of magnesium, and other deliquescent substances or materials
which freeze at a lower temperature than fresh water, has often been practised,
but by this means only very partial results are attained, and of anything but
a durable character.
By my method, herein before described, the surface of the roadway or pavement
will seldom be dry or dusty, from the affinity of the material used for any moisture
in the atmosphere, and slight frosts would hardly affect such surfaces, while with
very dry hard frosts, the surfaces would not be slippery. Snow would hardly
lodge, but melt as soon as fallen, by the action of the salt or other deliquescent
material used, and from the materials employed, being entangled or embodied in a
crystalline form in the grouting or filling and also in the wood-where such is
used they will not waste or dissipate.
CHAS F. T. YOUNG, C.E.,
Consulting Engineer for Patents,
For the Applicant.
Improvements in the Manner, Method, or Mode of Diminishing
the Slipperiness, Produced by Frost, of Streets, Roads, and
Paved and Pitched Streets or Roadways.
:
I, EDMUND YOUNG of Steyning Sussex, Member of the Royal College of
Surgeons, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANNER, METHOD OR MODE OF DIMINISHING THE SLIPPERINESS PRODUCED
BY FROST, OF STREETS, ROADS, AND PAVED AND PITCHED STREETS, OR ROADWAYS
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
"
This Invention has for its object Improvements in the manner, method, or mode,
of diminishing the slipperiness produced by frost, of streets, roads, and paved or
pitched streets, or roadways, and consists in using and mixing or amalgamating
with the grouting, concrete or material or materials used in filling in the interstices
of suitable deliquescent material, or materials, or substances, or combination of the
.CE7

page_text: same, which require a lower temperature to freeze them, than is required by fresh
water, when such is used, and for this purpose I employ salt, salt water, chloride of
calcium, or any of the cheap and well known deliquescent chemical ingredients.
which require a freezing point lower than that of fresh water, and either mix them
direct with the grouting or filling, or with the water employed in mixing the same,
in suitable proportions to enable the desired end to be attained.'
In the case of wood pavement I previously saturate or pickle the blocks in, or
by means of suitable apparatus used for such purpose, until the liquid has
thoroughly permeated and is incorporated with the substance of the wood blocks.
I do not however limit or confine myself to any particular form or arrangement of
blocks in forming wood pavement but a cheap and ready mode will be found in
cross cutting larch or other cylindrical fir wood poles of from three or four to six
or eight inches diameter, or such other diameter as may be desired or preferred and
from five inches or more in length though a less length may be used if desired or
preferred and having thoroughly "pickled" or fermented the same with the
material or materials employed for the purpose, or any desired or suitable combi-
nation of the same use them in their natural cylindrical shape and of an even size
filling in the interstices. with "grouting" containing some of the said material or
materials or combination thereof.
By preference I would lay the wood blocks prepared as hereinbefore described,
on a waterproof bed surface or foundation, in place of the lime, or cement and
water concrete, used for the purpose or if the bed be so made I would cover the
same with a coat of asphalte, pitch, coal tar, or other suitable and convenient
waterproof material or substance or combination of the same which would attain'
this result.
I am well aware that sprinkling or wetting the surfaces of wood and other
paved roads and streets and ordinary macadamised roads, with salt-water, solutions
of salt, chloride of calcium or sodium and other deliquescent substances or materials
which freeze at a lower temperature than fresh water, has often been practised,
but by this means only very partial results are obtained, and of anything but
a desirable character.
.
By my method hereinbefore described the surface of the roadway or pavement
will seldom be dry or dusty from the affinity of the material used for any moisture.
in the atmosphere, and slight frosts would not affect such surfaces, while with very
dry hard frosts, the surfaces would not be slippery. Snow would hardly lodge,
but melt as soon as fallen, by the action of the salt or other deliquescent material
used and from the materials employed being entangled or embodied in a crystalline
form in the grouting or filling and also in the wood where such is used they will
not waste or dissipate.
In carrying my invention into practical use, I form a saturated solution of salt,
chloride of calcium, chloride of sodium, or other suitable deliquescent material or
materials, or combination of the same either by mixing them with boiling sea
or fresh water, or boiling them up in a suitable vessel until saturation is complete,
and permeate or incorporate the blocks with the same, as bereinbefore described,
and when the same are thoroughly treated, I lay them in rows so as to "break
joint" in each row, on the bed surface or foundation herein before described and
extending from kerb to kerb or water channel or gutter where such exists, just
touching the same but not tightly, using a "half block or one split or cut length-
ways to finish each row, or alternate row, as required at that part where each of
the rows end, in order to maintain the "break joint" of the rows, as herein before
described. The desired amount of laying of the blocks being completed I take
a grouting composed by preference of "pea gravel" such as is found on the Sussex
coast though any other suitable hard sharp siliceous gravel of a suitable size may
be employed and add the usual proportion of Portland cement generally used in
making grouting and wet or moisten the same with a sufficient quantity of the
saturated solution, to enable it to freely enter, and solidly fill, the interstices from

page_text: top to bottom. So soon as the filling or grouting is completed, the same may be
swept evenly over the surface to ensure its filling all vacancies, and produce a
smooth even surface when a thin coating of dry gravel may be spread over the
whole watered with the deliquescent solution and allowed to work in by the action
of the traffic.
Where desired or preferred, the deliquescent materials hereinbefore described,
may be used in a less quantity i.e. in any less proportion than a " saturated
solution" though by preference I would employ the stronger proportion as more
enduring and better calculated to ensure the best results. Where the wood blocks
in ordinary use are employed, I would by preference, lay them so as to obtain
wider spaces between each than are usually employed and allow of the grouting or
filling of the same to extend from the bottom to the top, and the same remark
applies in the case of the ordinary pitched or paved roads or streets, in which stone
"setts are employed.
1.
"
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
First The employment of deliquescent materials or substances for diminishing
the slipperiness produced by frost, of streets roads, and paved and pitched streets
ór roadways in the manner herein before described and forming the same in the
manner and for the purposes hereinbefore described and specified.
Second Constructing roadways or surfaces, by cross cutting poles or spars, and
setting them, in the manner herein before described, and in combination with
deliquescent materials, in the manner and for the purposes hereinbefore described
and specified.