GOVERNORS FOR STEAM ENGINES OR OTHER PRIME MOVERS; ELECTRIC GOVERNORS FOR STEAM BOILERS AND IMPROVED CONNECTING APPLIANCES FOR STEAM ENGINE GOVERNORS
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Blechynden of the City and County of Newcastle
upon Tyne, Engineer for an Invention of ELECTRIC GOVERNORS FOR STEAM
ENGINES OR OTHER PRIME MOVERS; ELECTRIC GOVERNORS FOR STEAM
BOILERS AND IMPROVED CONNECTING APPLIANCES FOR STEAM ENGINE
GOVERNORS
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Blechynden at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th September 1882.
ALFRED BLECHYNDEN of the City and County of Newcastle upon Tyne
Engineer "ELECTRIC GOVERNORS FOR STEAM ENGINES OR OTHER PRIME MOVERS ;
ELECTRIC GOVERNORS FOR STEAM BOILERS AND IMPROVED CONNECTING APPLIANCES
FOR STEAM ENGINE GOVERNORS
"1
My invention relates, firstly, to governors actuated by electricity for steam
engines or other prime movers; secondly, to an automatic apparatus or governors
actuated by electricity applied to regulate the opening of the dampers of steam
boilers, and, thirdly, to certain appliances by which the controlling power of any
governor may be transferred to the hand of the attendant or vice versa
"
According to the first part of my invention I use a small pendulum or other
'governor" which instead of being connected directly to the throttle valve of the
engine or prime mover, or acting upon it by the intervention of an auxiliary steam
or other cylinder, is so constructed as to operate on a commutator and so complete
the current from a galvanic or thermo electric battery or dynamo electric machine
of the continuous current kind, around one electro magnet or series of electro
magnets at any speed of the prime mover lower than the normal speed of the
prime mover and also around another electro magnet or series of electro magnets
at any speed of the prime mover higher than the normal speed of the prime mover.
The one electro magnet, or series of electro magnets being arranged to operate the
throttle valve or regulating valve, its lever or on mechanism in connection
therewith so as to open or partially open the valve and the other electro magnet,
or series of electro magnets being arranged to operate on the throttle valve or
1031
j

page_text: regulating valve, its lever, or on mechanism in connection therewith so as to close
or partially close it.
By preference however I use an apparatus of the following description ;-An
automatic governor and commutator combined driven direct by the prime mover
or a governor driven by the prime mover acting automatically upon a commutator
an electric generator which may consist of any galvanic or thermo electric battery
or dynamo electric machine of the "continuous current" kind and a steam or
hydraulic cylinder whose piston is attached to the throttle or regulating valve,
having its valves operated by electro magnets or instead of this cylinder mechanism
which is put into and out of motion by means of electro magnets to operate the
throttle valve. The governor and commutator which I propose to use may be thus
described. A set of vanes revolve on a shaft driven from the prime mover; by their
side is placed another set of vanes upon an axis to whose opposite end is attached
a spiral or other spring the tension of which can be diminished or increased by the
rotation of an arm or screw connected with it, this arm or screw being attached
to an index shewing the number of revolutions the prime mover is to run.
is also fixed upon the axis of these vanes an arm capable of vibrating between two
adjustable studs whose distance apart is regulated by a lever or screw to which is
attached an index shewing the intended variation in revolutions from the normal
speed of the prime mover.
There
The arm on the axis of the latter set of vanes in the commutator is connected
by means of a wire to one of the poles of a galvanic or thermo electric battery or
dynamo-electric machine and the two studs between which the arm vibrates are
separately connected by wires each to one of two electro magnets or sets of electro
magnets and thence both are connected to the opposite pole of the electric battery
or dynamo electric machine. These electro magnets are so arranged as to attract
a piece or pieces of soft iron connected by suitable mechanism to the throttle valve
spindle or attached to the slide valve of a small steam or hydraulic cylinder or to
suitable mechanism by which the valve of this auxiliary cylinder may be operated
the valve rod being fitted with two spiral or other springs which press on opposite
sides of a guide through which it works and against adjustable nuts on the
spindle; these springs serve to bring the valve back into a central position when
the magnets cease to act and the nuts to adjust the position of the valve and the
tension of the springs. The cylinder is fitted with a piston and piston rod in the
ordinary way and the rod is attached to the throttle valve lever or suitable
mechanism in connection therewith.
The quickness of action of the auxiliary cylinders upon the throttle or
regulating valve may be controlled by a cock or valve in the exhaust and in some
cases water or other fluid may be used instead of steam as the operating power on
the piston a still greater control being thus secured. The action of the apparatus
is readily described. The indicator being adjusted to suit the normal revolutions
intended to be made by the engine or prime mover increases or diminishes the
tension of the spiral or other spring and similarly affects the tendency of the loose
vane to be acted upon by the air or other fluid from the revolving vane driven by
the engine impinging upon its blades.
So long as the speed or number of revolutions of the engine continues normal
the loose vane by its action upon the spring keeps the vibrating arm midway
between the studs or points but as soon as any increase in the speed of the prime
mover occurs the loose vane acting to close or compress the spring moves the arm
from its mid-position towards one of the studs and brings it in contact with that
stud if the speed increases above the intended variation and thus completes the
circuit exciting one or one set of the magnets and causing the throttle or regulator
valve to be partially closed to shut off steam either by direct action or by the
action of the slide valve on an auxiliary cylinder admitting steam to the piston so
as to cause it to close the throttle or regulator valve. When the revolutions of the -
engine fall below the normal speed the spring pulls back the loose vane and causes
the vibrating arm to approach the opposite stud and if the speed decreases below

page_text: the intended variation makes contact with the opposite point when the other
magnet or sets of magnets is excited by the circuit being completed and the reverse
action takes place the throttle or regulator valve being opened to admit more steam
either direct or by the action of an auxiliary cylinder.
The second part of my invention consists of an apparatus actuated by electricity
for the purpose of regulating the steam pressure in the boiler by operating on the
damper, blower, or other appliance by which the admission of air to the furnace is
controlled.
For this purpose I use a steam pressure gauge or other instrument actuated by
the steam pressure in the boiler and by suitable gear connected to an automatic
commutator, a galvanic or thermo electric battery or dynamo electric machine of
any continuous current kind, and a steam cylinder the valve of which is actuated
by electro magnets or suitable mechanism driven by the engine or prime mover and
put into and out of motion by electricity. By preference however I use an
apparatus of the following description
―
A bent tube of oval section has one end coupled to the boiler and the other end
closed so that the inside of the tube is exposed to steam pressure, the closed end is
connected by a link to a lever fixed upon an axis at whose other end is attached a
spiral or other spring and loose upon the spindle or axis, by the side of the spring
is an arm attached to the outer portion of the spring. This arm is capable of
vibrating between two studs or metallic points either fixed to the case of the
instrument or any other convenient portion of it or upon an arm or disc so that
they may be rotated around upon an axis and so by causing the arm before referred
to, to rotate to increase or decrease the tension of the spring. The studs each
communicate with two metallic rings pressing against which are two metallic
springs connected to two binding screws and the arm has attached to it a coiled
wire attached to another binding screw.
The latter binding screw is connected by a wire to one of the poles of any
electric battery or dynamo electro machine and the two former binding screws are
connected each one to one of the wires from one of the electro magnets and thence
each to the opposite pole of the battery or dynamo machine.
The electro inagnets are so arranged as to attract a piece or pieces of soft iron
attached to the slide valve of a small steam or hydraulic cylinder or to suitable
mechanism by which the valve or valves may be operated as previously described
for the first part of my invention. The cylinder is fitted with a piston and piston
rod in the ordinary way and the rod is attached to the damper or suitable
mechanism in connection therewith, or if the fires are worked with a blast the
piston rod of the steam cylinders may be attached to a throttle valve or regulator
in the air channel from the blowers or in the latter cases the magnets may be
arranged to operate direct by suitable appliances upon the throttle valve or upon
the regulator valve of the blowing engine
The third part of my invention relates to certain appliances by which the control
of the governor over the throttle or regulating valve of steam engine may be
readily transferred to the hand of the attendant without disconnecting the governor
and as readily transferred from the hand of the attendant to the action of the
governor.
To effect this according to one arrangement I fix the arm to which the governor
rod is attached, upon a hollow spindle, within which works freely another spindle
on the projecting end of which is fixed the arın by which the throttle or regulating
valve is operated. These external and internal spindles are both carried to a
convenient position within reach of the attendant and supported in bearings.
Upon the projecting end of the internal spindle is fixed a hand lever by which the
throttle or regulator valve can be set in any position either to open full or to any
intermediate extent or closed entirely.
To this hand lever an arm upon the hollow external spindle can be engaged or
disengaged by means of a catch worked from the hand lever engaging with a
sector and when so engaged (the hand lever being free) the governor operates the

page_text: throttle or regulator valve but when disengaged the action of the governor merely
rotates the hollow spindle round the internal spindle without affecting the throttle
or regulating valve which is now operated direct from the hand lever worked by
the attendant.
When not conveniently available for direct action the external and internal
spindles may be arranged to give control of the throttle or regulating valve by the
governor or by hand by the intervention of bevil wheels at suitable angles or by
bell cranks or other mechanical appliances.
According to another arrangement in some cases as for instance in horizontal
engines where the handle making the connection between the governor and throttle
valve, and that working the throttle valve by hand are so situated as to be readily
accessible to the hand of the attendant I dispense with the hollow weigh bar and
place the two handles loose upon a common fulcrum and attached to or detached
from each other by means of the sector and catches before described or the boss of
one lever may be made to carry the eye of the other.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Alfred Blechynden in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 7th March
1883.
ALFRED BLECHYNDEN of the City and County of Newcastle upon Tyne
Engineer ELECTRIC GOVERNORS FOR STEAM ENGINES OR OTHER PRIME MOVERS ;
ELECTRIC GOVERNORS FOR STEAM BOILERS AND IMPROVED CONNECTING APPLIANCES
FOR STEAM ENGINE GOVERNORS
My invention relates firstly to governors actuated by electricity for steam
engines or other prime movers, secondly, to an automatic apparatus or governor
actuated by electricity applied to regulate the opening of the dampers of steam
boilers, and thirdly, to certain appliances by which the controlling power of any
governor may be transferred to the hand of the attendant or vice versa
**
According to the first part of my invention I use a small pendulum or other
governor" which instead of being connected directly.to the throttle valve of the
engine or prime mover, or acting upon it by the intervention of an auxiliary steam
or other cylinder, is so constructed as to operate on a commutator and so complete
the current from a galvanic or thermo electric battery or dynamo electric machine
of the continuous current kind around one electro magnet or series of electro
magnets at any speed of the prime mover lower than the normal speed of the
prime mover and also around another electro-magnet or series of electro-magnets at
any speed of the prime mover higher than the normal speed of the prime mover.
The one electro-magnet, or series of electro-magnets being arranged to operate the
throttle valve or regulating valve, its lever or on mechanism in connection there-
with so as to open or partially open the valve and the other electro magnet or
series of electro-magnets being arranged to operate on the throttle valve or regu-.
lating valve, its lever or on mechanism in connection therewith so as to close or
partially close it
An
By preference however, I use an apparatus of the following description;
automatic governor and commutator combined driven direct by the prime mover
or a governor driven by the prime mover acting automatically upon a commutator
an electric generator which may consist of any galvanic or thermo electric battery
or dynamo electric machine of the "continuous current" kind and a steam or
bydraulic cylinder whose piston is attached to the throttle or regulating valve,
having its valves operated by electro magnets or instead of this cylinder mechanism
which is put into and out of motion, by means of electro magnets to operate the
throttle valve
The governor and commutator which I propose to use may be thus described.
A set of vanes revolve on a shaft driven from the prime mover by their side or
as I prefer surrounding it in an outer circle, is placed another set of vanes upon an
axis to whose opposite end is attached a spiral or other spring the tension of which
can be diminished or increased by the rotation of an arm or screw connected with
it, this arm or screw being attached to an index showing the number of revolutions
the prime mover is to run. There is also fixed upon the axis of these vanes an
arın capable of vibrating between two adjustable studs whose distance apart is
regulated by a lever or screw to which is attached an index shewing the intended
variation in revolutions from the normal speed of the prime mover
The arm on the axis of the latter set of vanes in the commutator is connected by
means of a wire to one of the poles of a galvanic or thermo electric battery or
dynamo electric machine and the two studs between which the arm vibrates are
separately connected by wires each to one of two electro magnets or sets of electro
magnets and thence both are connected to the opposite pole of the electric battery
or dynamo electric machine. These electro-magnets are so arranged as to attract a
piece or pieces of soft iron connected by suitable mechanism to the throttle valve
spindle or attached to the slide valve of a small steam or hydraulic cylinder or to

page_text: suitable mechanism by which the valve of this auxiliary cylinder may be operated
the valve rod being fitted with two spiral or other springs which press on opposite
sides of a guide through which it works and against adjustable nuts on the spindle;
these springs serve to bring the valve back into a central position when the
magnets cease to act and the nuts to adjust the position of the valve and the
tension of the springs or as I have found more convenient in arrangement springs
may be applied on each side of the armature on which the magnets act. The
cylinder is fitted with a piston and piston rod in the ordinary way and the rod is
attached to the throttle valve lever or suitable mechanism in connection therewith
The quickness of action of the auxiliary cylinders upon the throttle or regulating
valve may be controlled by a cock or valve in the exhaust and in some cases water
or other fluid may be used instead of steam as the operating power on the piston
a still greater control being thus secured. The action of the apparatus is readily
described. The indicator being adjusted to suit the normal revolutions intended to
be made by the engine or prime mover increases or diminishes the tension of the
spiral or other spring and similarly affects the tendency of the loose vane to be
acted upon by the air or other fluid from the revolving vane driven by the engine
impinging upon its blades.
So long as the speed or number of revolutions of the engine continues normal the
loose vane by its action upon the spring keeps the vibrating arm midway between
the studs or points but as soon as any increase in the speed of the prime mover
occurs the loose vane acting to close or compress the spring moves the arm from its
mid-position towards one of the studs and brings it in contact with that stud, if
the speed increases above the intended variation and thus completes the circuit
exciting one or one set of the magnets and causing the throttle or regulator valve to
be partially closed to shut off steam, either by direct action or by the action of the
slide valve of an auxiliary cylinder admitting steam to the piston so as to cause it
to close the throttle or regulator valve. When the revolutions of the engine fall
below the normal speed the spring pulls back the loose vane and causes the
vibrating arm to approach the opposite stud and if the speed decreases below
the intended variation, makes contact with the opposite point when the other
magnet or set of magnets is excited by the circuit being completed and the
reverse action takes place the throttle or regulator valve being opened to admit
more steam either direct or by the action of an auxiliary cylinder
The second part of my invention consists of an apparatus actuated by electricity
for the purpose of regulating the steam pressure in the boiler by operating on the
damper, blower or other appliance by which the admission of air to the furnace is
controlled
For this purpose I use a steam pressure gauge or other instrument actuated by
the steam pressure in the boiler and by suitable gear connected to an automatic
commutator, a galvanic or thermo-electric battery or dynamo-electric machine of
any continuous current kind, and a steam cylinder the valve of which is actuated
by electro magnets or suitable mechanism driven by the engine or prime mover
and put into and out of motion by electricity. By preference however I use an
apparatus of the following description :—
A bent tube of oval section has one end coupled to the boiler and the other end
closed so that the inside of the tube is exposed to steam pressure, the closed end is
connected by a link to a lever fixed upon an axis at whose other end is attached a
spiral or other spring and loose upon the spindle or axis, by the side of the spring
is an arm attached to the outer portion of the spring. This arm is capable of
vibrating between two studs or metallic points either fixed to the case of the
instrument or any other convenient portion of it or upon an arm or disc so that
they may be rotated around upon an axis and so by causing the arm before
referred to to rotate, to increase or decrease the tension of the spring. The
studs each communicate with two metallic rings pressing against which are two
metallic springs connected to two binding screws and the arm has attached to
it a coiled wire attached to another binding screw.

page_text: The latter binding screw is connected by a wire to one of the poles of any
electric battery or dynamo electro machine and the two former binding screws are
connected each one to one of the wires from one of the electro magnets and thence
each to the opposite pole of the battery or dynamo machine. I prefer however to
construct the mechanism of this instrument as shewn and described on the accom-
panying drawings and description of same.
The electro-magnets are so arranged as to attract a piece or pieces of soft iron
attached to the slide valve of a small steam or hydraulic cylinder or to suitable
mechanism by which the valve or valves may be operated as previously described
for the first part of my invention. The cylinder is fitted with a piston and piston
rod in the ordinary way and the rod is attached to the damper or suitable mechanism
in connection therewith, or if the fires are worked with a blast the piston rod of
the steam cylinder may be attached to a throttle valve or regulator in the air
channel from the blowers or in the latter cases the magnets may be arranged to
operate direct by suitable appliances upon the throttle valve or upon the regulator
valve of the blowing engine
The third part of my invention relates to certain appliances by which the control
of the governor over the throttle or regulating valve of steam engines may be
readily transferred to the hand of the attendant, without disconnecting the governor
and as readily transferred from the hand of the attendant to the action of the
governor
To effect this, according to one arrangement, I fix the arm to which the governor
rod is attached, upon a hollow spindle, within which works freely another spindle
on the projecting end of which is fixed the arm by which the throttle or regulating
valve is operated. These external and internal spindles are both carried to a
convenient position within reach of the attendant and supported in bearings.
Upon the projecting end of the internal spindle is fixed a hand lever by which the
throttle or regulator valve can be set in any position either to open full or to any.
intermediate extent or closed entirely
To this hand lever an arm upon the hollow external spindle can be engaged or
disengaged by means of a catch worked from the hand lever engaging with a
sector and when so engaged (the hand lever being free) the governor operates the
throttle or regulator valve, but when disengaged the action of the governor merely
rotates the hollow spindle round the internal spindle without affecting the throttle
or regulating valve which is now operated direct from the hand lever worked by
the attendant.
When not conveniently available for direct action the external and internal
spindles may be arranged to give control of the throttle or regulating valve, by the
governor or by hand, by the intervention of bevil wheels at suitable angles or by
bell cranks or other mechanical appliances
According to another arrangement in some cases, as for instance in horizontal
engines where the handle making the connection between the governor and throttle
valve, and that working the throttle valve by hand are so situated as to be readily
accessible to the hand of the attendant, I dispense with the hollow weigh bar and
place the two handles loose upon a common fulcrum and attached to or detached
from each other by means of the sector and catches before described, or the boss
of one lever may be made to carry the eye of the other
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
The accompanying four sheets of drawings illustrate the manner in which I
propose to carry into practical operation the various portions of my invention.
On Sheet 1 Fig 1 shews an arrangement by which a pendulum governor may
be made to operate the throttle valve of the engine or prime mover. The
spindle A running in bearings B. B is driven from the engine by a cord to the
sheave C. The sliding sleeve piece D moves backward and forward upon the
spindle by the action of the pendulums and is controlled by a spring E between

page_text: it and a collar F which may be adjustable. An arm G has a friction roller at one
end which is pressed by a spring against the sleeve piece D, the other end being
connected by a wire to a galvanic or thermo-electric battery or dynamo-electric
machine of the continuous current kind. Upon the sleeve piece D is formed a
collar H. A pair of arms J. K with friction rollers at their outer ends, are fixed so
that when the engine is running at its normal speed the collar H is exactly midway
between the rollers The other ends of the arms J. K are attached each to an
electro-magnet (or series of electro magnets) or to an apparatus such as the Electro-
Motor shewn on Figs 2. 3. 4 and 5 the wires marked Fast and Slow being
connected, the first to the arm J and the second to the arm K. When the arm Jis
in contact with the collar the magnets or electro-motor operate to close the throttle
valve and when the arm K is in contact the magnets or electro-motor operate to
open the throttle valve.
The operation is as follows-When the normal speed of the engine is maintained
the circuit is broken but when the speed is increased the pendulums expanding
move the sleeve piece D, and bring the collar H in contact with the roller of the
arm J, thus completing the circuit between the battery and the magnet-electro-
motor or other apparatus which operates to close the throttle valve; and when the
speed falls below the normal speed, the sleeve piece D moving in the opposite
direction, brings the collar E in contact with the roller of the arm K completing
the circuit between the battery and the magnet electro-motor or other apparatus
which operates to open the throttle valve. The spring E retards the contrifugal
action of the pendulums and accelerates their closing and the opening of the
throttle valve
Figs 2. 3. 4 and 5 shew an electro-motor arranged to operate the throttle valve
The coils of the armature A are wound with two wires so that the motor may
be worked by passing the current through in opposite directions, the one or the
other
On one side of the commutator "bobbins" the brushes C are connected together
and to the wire passing round the field magnets D. D¹. and thence to the terminal or
binding screw marked BATTERY. At the other side of the commutator "bobbins,"
the brushes E E. are separate and insulated from each other and connected respec-
tively to wires marked SLOW and FAST which are connected to the terminals
marked SLOW and FAST on the Governor shewn in Fig 1 or these marked
similarly on the commutator on Sheet 2. Fig 2.
The mode in which the armature coils are wound and connected with the com-
mutator "bobbins" is shewn as a diagram in Fig 5 in which the wires W. W¹. are
shewn wound around two opposite coils in circuit. The two commutators B B¹
for the separate sets of wires are in all respects similar, but the similar ends of
the wires W W'. are connected to their respective rings on opposite sides of the
axis
The spindle F of the armature is prolonged and connected to or formed into a
screw G on which works a nut H. This nut is connected to the throttle valve lever
by means of a link or links T. T. Upon the Spindle F are two loose collars KK'
which can be moved for a limited distance on pins in Slots L L' but are pressed
towards the screws by springs M M' so that the nut H may be screwed off the
thread of the screws at either end but should the axes rotate in the opposite direction
the spring will press it against the thread and reenter it
The nut H may also be connected to operate a contact breaker, not shewn, so that
when it arrives at either end of its stroke it breaks contact in either of the wires
marked FAST and SLOW which may be connected at the time
I will now describe the operation of the apparatus applied to an engine or other
prime mover. So long as the engine or prime mover is running at its normal speed,
no current passes through the electro-motor but if the speed be accelerated the
Governor shewn in Sheet 1 Fig 1 or the commutator shewn in Sheet 2 Fig 1
makes contact between the battery and the binding screw marked FAST which
completes the circuit through the motor by way of the armature wire W which

page_text: will cause it revolve and move the nut H in such a direction as to close the valve,
but should the motion of the engine be retarded the commutator or governor will
make contact with the battery through the terminal and wire marked SLOW and
complete the circuit through motor by way of the armature wire marked W' and
cause the spindle to rotate in an opposite direction and open the valve
In place of the precise form of armature shewn it may be of any description or
the armature may be single wound and the field magnets double wound with
perfectly obvious arrangements to obtain the same effect
Fig 1 (Sheet 2) shews a full sectional side view of an electric automatic
governor and commutator combined and Figure 2 a front end view the upper half
of which shews the front plate M of Figure 1 removed, one of the lower quarters a
section through the fan case and the other quarter a view of the front plate M.
A spindle A working in a long bearing B has keyed on its outer end a sheave O
driven from the engine or prime mover and on its inner end a set of vanes
forming a fan D. A smaller spindle E working in a long bearing F has fixed
upon its inner end another set of vanes G forming a fan the inner diameter of
which is a little larger than the outer diameter of D both being enclosed preferably
in one division of the casing H. The outer end of the smaller Spindle E has fixed
upon it an arm J attached to the outer end of a light spring K the inner end of
which is attached to a stud L in the front plate M having a spring handle N with
pointer working on an index plate on which are marked (in divisions ascertained
by experiments) the revolutions the prime mover is to run. The spindle E has also
fixed upon it an arm O capable of vibrating between two studs P. P'. adjustable in
the frames QQ-The frames Q Q¹ are moveable upon fulcrums R R¹ so that by
turning the conical pointed screw S, their upper portions may be moved apart
against the springs U U₁ and with them the studs P P¹ which are fixed to them
(thus allowing the variation of speed of the engine to be greater or less) By the
side of the milled head of the screw S is placed an index T indicating by divisions
marked upon it the number of revolutions the engine may be allowed to vary
before the governor acts on the throttle valve directly or through intermediate
mechanism.
The arm is connected by a wire with one pole marked BATTERY of a
galvanic or thermo electric battery or dynamo-electric machine and the studs P P¹
are each connected by wires to an electro-magnet or set of electro-magnets and
thence to the opposite pole of the battery
Figures 3 and 4 (sheet II) illustrate the manner in which I propose to apply the
automatic governor and commutator to control the speed of a prime mover by
acting upon the regulator or throttle valve through the intervention of an auxiliary
cylinder. Figure 3 is a horizontal section of a cylinder fitted with a piston slide
valve operated by two pairs of electro magnets and Figure 4 is a plan on top of
same. a is the cylinder fitted with piston b and piston rod c. The piston valve d
has its spindle e connected by a stud f to a soft iron armature g vibrating upon two
pins h. On one side of the armature g, are two electro magnets J J¹ and on the
other side two other electro magnets kk. When neither pair of these magnets
are excited the armature g rests in its normal position between them the valve
being then also in its normal position and both steam ports closed but on either
pair of magnets being excited the armature g is attracted to that pair and the valve
opens one end of the cylinder to steam and by means of the piston rod acting upon
the throttle or regulator valve, either direct or by connecting mechanism, opens or
closes the valve. The small spring buffers (which are adjustable) are for the
purpose of bringing the armature g, and with it the valve d, back into a central
position when the magnets cease to act. The pair of magnets J J1 are connected
by wires with what I will call the F or fast side of the Governor (i.e when the
speed of the prime mover is accelerated this pair of magnets are excited) and the
pair of magnets k k¹ are connected with what I will call the S or slow side of
the governor (ie when the speed of the prime mover is retarded this pair of
magnets are excited). The wires from governor to the magnets are shewn on

page_text: Figures 3 and 4 marked FAST and SLOW and from the magnets to battery
marked BATTERY. I will now describe the operation of the governor upon the
magnets and of the magnets upon the valve of the auxiliary cylinder. The prime
mover running at its normal speed, the arm O is between the studs P P¹, as in
Figure 2; no circuit being made and the magnets being unexcited the armature g
and the valve are in their normal position as shewn Figures 3 and 4. The moment
the speed of the prime mover is accelerated the increased speed of the vanes of
fan D revolved by prime mover in the direction indicated by arrow cause the air
to impinge upon the vanes of fan G and to move it (in the same direction) so as to
tighten the spring at the same time moving the arm O toward and into contact
with the stud P₁ making circuit and exciting the pair of magnets J J₁ which
attract the armature g moving the valve d so as to admit steam to the cylinder
and act upon the piston so as to close the regulator or throttle valve. When the
speed of the prime mover is retarded the action of the fan D upon G being
weakened the spring N uncoils itself and moves the arm O into contact with the
stud P when circuit is made through the pair of magnetsk k¹ which attract the
armature g move the valve d and piston b so as to open the regulator or throttle
valve. In either case the moment the prime mover returns to its normal speed
the equilibrium is restored and the circuit is interrupted by the arm O returning
to its position between the studs P P¹.
I have not thought it necessary to illustrate the manner in which the action of
the piston upon the throttle valve. may be controlled by a cock or valve in the
exhaust as this is obvious and simple whether steam water or other fluid be
employed in the cylinder.
Figures 1 and 2 (Sheet III) illustrate the mode of carrying out the second part
of my invention. Figure 1 shews a pressure gauge A of the Bourdon construction
B being the expanding tube preferably of oval section. C is a spring attached to
the loose end of the tube B by an arm or lever D and by a link E, or otherwise;
Loose upon the spindle to which the spring C, is attached moves on arm F attached
to the outer end of the spring and capable of vibrating between two studs G G¹.
These studs each communicate by binding screws marked H.I.G.H and L.O.W
and by wires with the magnets of a small auxiliary cylinder (similar to that
described in Sheet II) exciting one or other magnet or pair of magnets as the current
is completed by contact with the arm F which is connected by a wire to one of
he poles of a galvanic or thermo-electric battery or dynamo electric machine
marked BATTERY. Figure 2 shews the arrangement of gauge A with auxiliary
cylinder C applied to control the damper D in the flue or chimney F of a boiler.
In the position of arm F Figure 1 the steam in boiler is at its normal pressure
but on this being exceeded the tube B expanding acts upon the spring C and moves
the arm F into contact with the stud G thereby exciting one magnet or pair of
magnets on cylinder C, (Figure 2) and causing the piston to close the damper D.
When the steam falls below the normal pressure the opposite action takes place the
arm F making contact with the stud G' and exciting the other magnet or pair of
magnets on cylinder C. (Figure 2) and causing the piston to open the damper D.
The distance between the studs G and G¹ determines the range of variation of
pressure of steam in the boiler.
When required to operate upon a fan or blower the piston rod is attached to the
throttle valve in the same manner as to that of a steam engine but in such cases I
prefer to arrange the magnets to operate direct upon the throttle or regulator valve
of the engine by suitable appliances.
Sheet IV illustrates that part of my invention which refers to the transferring
control of the governor over the throttle valve from the action of the prime mover
to the hand of the attendant.
Figures 1, 2, and 3 Sheet IV illustrate the mode of applying the third part of my
invention Figures 1 and 2 being a side elevation and plan of part of an inverted
direct acting marine engine-A is the throttle valve B connecting rod or link from
the arm C of throttle valve spindle to an arm D on the internal vertical spindle E
2

page_text: working within the hollow spindle F both being supported on suitable brackets at
top and bottom
The lower end of the solid spindle E carries the handle G fitted with a catch by
means of which the two spindles E and F may be connected together by the
quadrant H or the solid spindle E may be worked by hand so as to operate the
throttle valve independently of the hollow spindle F which is worked by the
governor rod H through the arm J when the catch of handle G is engaged with
quadrant H.
Figures 3 and 4 shew on plan and elevation an arrangement specially applicable
to horizontal engines in which the two weigh bars E and F are dispensed with the
Governor rod J being connected to or disconnected from the throttle valve by the
catch being engaged to or disengaged from the quadrant H which forms the arm
to which the Governor Rod J is attached-When the catch is engaged the governor
operates the throttle valve through the arm D and rod T but when the catch is
disengaged the governor has no control over the throttle valve which is operated by
the attendant
Having now fully described and illustrated the various portions of my invention,
and the mode in which I propose to carry them into practical application, I claim
as novel and secured to me by Letters Patent.
1 The application of a pendulum governor driven by the prime mover to work
a commutator of the kind mentioned to regulate the speed of a steam engine or
prime mover by electricity in conjunction with the apparatus described
2. The apparatus called the automatic commutator and governor combined
applied to regulate the speed of an engine or prime mover operating substantially
as shewn and described
3 The application of a rotating electro motor to operate the throttle or regulating
valve of an engine or prime mover
4 The mode of winding the armatures or field magnets and the connection of the
wires to the commutators of electro motors as shewn and described when used for
the purpose mentioned
5 The application of electro magnets to work the valve of an auxiliary steam or
hydraulic cylinder to operate the regulator or throttle valve of a steam engine or
prime mover in conjunction with a commutator operated by mechanism driven by
the prime mover
°
6 An apparatus acting as a commutator operated by the pressure of steam in the
boiler for the purposes substantially as shewn and described
7 The application of electric apparatus to regulate the damper of a steam boiler
or the throttle valve of ȧ blowing engine or blower (in the case of a boiler whose
fires are worked by forced draught) by means of an electro-motor (as shewn in
sheet I.) or by the introduction of an auxiliary steam cylinder whose valve is
worked by an electro magnet in combination with the pressure commutator as
shewn and described
8 The throttle valve gear substantially as shewn and described in the third part
of my specification
In witness whereof I the said Alfred Blechynden have hereunto set my hand
and seal this sixth day of March in the year of our Lord one thousand
eight hundred and eighty three
ALFRED. BLECHYNDEN (L.S.)
Witness:
T. J. DANSON F Inst. P.A
Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent
Newcastle upon Tyne