CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN REGULATING THE VENTILATION OF BUILDINGS, WHICH I INTEND TO DENOMINATE BAILLIE'S PATENT: VENTILATOR
Year: 1837

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL, COME, I, BENJAMIN
BAILLIE, of Henry Street, Cumberland Market, Regent's Park, in the County
of Middlesex, Metal Frame Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS His late most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twentieth day of February, in the seventh year of His reign, did,
for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Benja-
min Baillie, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I,
the said Benjamin Baillie, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Benjamin Baillie, my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term
of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise and
vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN REGULATING THE VENTILATION OF
BUILDINGS, WHICH I INTEND TO DENOMINATE BAILLIE'S PATENT: VENTILATOR;" in
which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that I, the said Benjamin
Baillie, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His said
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next, and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and,
by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large-
appe
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Benjamin Baillie, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and the

page_text: manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon
(that is to say):
:-
My Invention consist in an improved ventilator, by means of strips, squares,
or quarries, of plate, crown, coloured, or other glass, also of any other trans-
parent or partial transparent substance, either fixed in metallic or wood frames,
or acting without such frames by means of sockets either of wood or metal
fixed on, over, or into such strips of glass, squares, or quarries, or metallic or
wood frames as aforesaid, and so arranged as to resemble the well-known loover
board or luffer board ventilators, but with this essential difference, that when
the loover boards are closed the light is excluded, but when my loover
glasses (as they might be called) are closed, the light is freely admitted.
When the improved ventilator is open it has all the advantages of the
common hopper ventilators (i.c. the hopper ventilators now commonly used in
churches and other buildings), but with this important difference, that the
common hopper ventilator makes a very large and unsightly projection beyond
the faces of the windows, but the improved ventilator projects very little, and
is not objectionable in its appearance. And again, where the common hopper
ventilator gives one hundred and forty-four inches for the passage of the air, the
improved ventilator will give four hundred and thirty-two inches, or exactly
three times as much, each method occupying the same quantity of surface
in the window. In the common hopper there is but one aperture for the
entrance of the fresh air, but in the improved ventilator there are a series of
apertures.
It is obvious that this Invention is susceptible of a great variety
of forms or modifications, and may be adapted to any vertical or inclined
situation where light and air are required, and can be used of any size, from
the smallest aperture to that of the largest window, and also made to any
pattern of windows which may be required. These improved ventilators may
be opened and shut by means of chains, wires, and cords attached to cranks,
pulleys, levers, springs, or any other approved method to suit the situation in
which they may require to be placed. The following are Drawings of the
methods to which I give the preference, and which I find succeed; but I
claim any modification thereof, according as situation and other circumstances.
may require.

page_text: the frames, the plates of glass being ground together at their top and bottom
edges so as to shut air tight; their divisions are not to be seen when
closed, and present but trifling lines of shadow when opened. The ventilators
in Nos. 2 and 3 are glazed in metal or wood frames of the same patterns as
the general glazing of the windows, and open and shut as shown by Nos.
4 and 5.
No. 2 represent a window suitable for churches, chapels, halls, and other
large buildings in which a, a, a, a, is a ventilator fixed to the metal or wood
frame. In this case the plates of glass are divided like the rest of the window,
and fixed in metal or wood bars to range with the others; the appearance
externally when closed is exactly similar to the remainder of the window, and
when opened will be of three lines of shadow across the centre compartment.
Internally it can scarcely be distinguished from the remainder of the sash
when opened or closed.
No. 3 represents a gothic window for a church; the letters a, a, a, a,
denote the size of the ventilator. This plan shews the ventilator shut, and
the frame-work for the glass corresponding with the rest of the window.
No. 4 represents a vertical section of a ventilator as fixed at a, a, a, a, in
No. 1. The thickness it occupies is no more than a two inch and a half sash
bar; if the sash were thinner it might project a little outwards, accordingly in
this the five glass plates b, b, are drawn backwards and inwards, and the air
is admitted, e the outside, the inside.
No. 5 shows the same ventilator when closed, the glass plates being thrown
forward into an upright line, their edges exactly coinciding and kept firmly
closed by the springs d, d. These plates are hung on pivots at each end of
the lower edges, but they may be hung at the ends of the upper edges, or at
any intermediate points between the edges; h, the chain and pulley.
No. 6 represents a section of the upright sash bars full size, in order to
show the form of the metal frame; g the outside, m the inside of the sash bar
; 0, 0, 0, the metal frame; q, the glass plates; p, the bar to which they are
attached and pressed by the springs d, d, as shown in Nos. 4 and 5, against
the rabit, to keep them firmly closed; s, the glass in the sash; metal sockets
are attached to the ends of the glass plates to which the pivots are fixed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Benjamin Baillie, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-seven.
BENJAMIN (L.S.) BAILLIE.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Eighteenth day of August, in
the year of our Lord 1837, the aforesaid Benjamin Baillie came before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Nineteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord One.
thousand eight hundred and thirty-seven.