Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Apr., 1886.
Complete Left, 24th Jan., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 22nd Mar., 1887.
I WILLIAM GEORGE STUART of 58 Kimberley Road Nunhead in the County of
Surrey Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:―
The invention relates to an improved construction of combined hydrant and stand
pipe adapted for streets and other places, and is designed to afford facilities for
connecting the hose, and for putting the same into operation when required upon an
outbreak of fire.
The hydrant consists of two deep cylindrical metal casings arranged one above the
other and sunk in the ground to the level of the surface, the upper one being provided
with a cover at this point.
The lower of the two casings being in connection with the high pressure water main
is always full of water, and contains a long metal cylinder perforated around the
upper portion, the bottom of which has a short tube and two way cock which is
connected with a hollow rod, passing through the top of the lower casing and through
a stuffing box in the bottom of the upper casing where the hollow rod has an exit
opening and is attached to a solid rod terminating in a handle at the level of the
street. The cylinder itself is provided with a piston formed of a central circular
metallic plate to which are secured on either side two leather or other flexible cups
which form a tight piston. Above the piston is a circular plate containing a suitable
packing material which presses against and serves to close a valve situated in the top
of the cylinder. The piston rod is hollow and passes through a stuffing box which is
placed in the lower part or bottom of the upper casing or chamber. This piston rod
carries on the top a flanged head to which the hose is attached when in use, but which
is otherwise covered by a screw cap. The operation of the hydrant is as follows
The piston remains at the bottom of the cylinder, the hollow piston rod being full
of water under pressure, as is also the cylinder itself, the water entering it from the
perforations at the top.
The flanged head of the piston is locked by a turn upon the head of the stuffing
box in the bottom of the upper chamber, and being thus at a considerable distance
from the surface, the water in the pipe and cylinder is not liable to freeze.

page_text: When the hydrant is to be used, the flanged head or cap is turned and released and
the handle connected to the hollow rod and cock turned, allowing the water pressure
to enter beneath the piston which will then rise up, carrying with it the piston rod
and head which then is at a level with the surface and ready for attaching to the hose.
The valve at the top of the cylinder, is then closed by the plate above the piston, and
consequently no more water can then pass into the piston rod, or as it now forms, the
stand pipe.
The cap is then unscrewed and the hose attached, the handle is again turned and
the two way cock brought into its second position, allowing a small quantity of water
from the cylinder to pass into the hollow rod, from whence it flows up and runs away
through an opening in its ends into the ground from the upper chamber. The
releasing of this small quantity allows the piston to fall slightly or he pressed down a
few inches by hand pressure on the stand pipe, when the plate on the piston is drawn
away from the valve, which is opened and allows the water from the main to pass
direct through the perforations in the upper part of the cylinder, into the hollow
piston rod or stand pipe and hose. The water from the cylinder is prevented from
escaping from beneath the piston by turning off the cock. To shut off the water from
the hose, the handle is turned, opening the cock, and allowing the pressure to pass
again beneath the piston, when the stand pipe will rise the short distance required, or
may be drawn up and the valve again closed by the plate above the piston. The hose
is then removed the cap replaced and the handle again turned to open the cock, when
the pressure above the piston will force it down, displacing the water beneath and
forcing it out through the hollow rod, from whence it runs away into the ground
.from the upper chamber. The flanged head or cap is then secured again on the head
of the stuffing box.
Datad this 24th day of April 1886
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London,
Applicant's Agent.

page_text: I, WILLIAM GEORGE STUART of 58 Kimberley Road Nunhead, in the County of
Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
The invention relates to an improved construction of combined hydrant and stand
pipe adapted for streets and other places, and is designed to afford facilities for
connecting the hose, and for putting the same into operation when required, such as
for an outbreak of fire.
To clearly explain the nature of my invention reference is made to the accompanying
drawings which form part of this specification, in which
Fig. I represents a sectional elevation of the hydrant when not in use.
Fig. 2 is a plan view of same.
Fig. 3 is a similar view to Fig. 1 with the stand pipe forced up, and—
Fig. 4 shows its position when in action and as arranged for streets and similar
places, the hydrant being sunk in the ground, and having an upper metallic casing
and cover, the hose not being shown.
Referring to this latter figure, the body of the hydrant B, is shown as surmounted
by the upper metallic casing A, both being embedded in the ground to the level of the
surface. The upper casing is of thinner metal than the body of the hydrant as it is
not under pressure, and is provided with a cover C as shown.
The casing or body B is in connection with the high pressure water main at E, and
is always full of water, it contains a long metal cylinder F, having perforations a
around the upper portion, the bottom having a short tube band two way cock which
is connected with a hollow rod G passing through the top of the lower casing B, and
through a stuffing box e, above which it has an outlet, formed in a squared head H,
which is turned by a key, or in a rod H, which terminates at the level of the street in
a handle or a square key head as shown in Fig. 4. The cylinder F is provided with a
piston formed of a central circular metallic plate y, to which is secured on either side
two cups of leather or other flexible material the whole forming a tight piston.
The piston rod I is hollow and at its lower portion just above the piston is per-
forated with openings i, beneath being a box carrying a packing and outer ring k
which retains it in place. This packing when the piston rod is forced up forms a
seating for the collar at the top of the cylinder, thus preventing water from entering
the said piston rod, through the perforations i.
The piston rod passes through a stuffing box K, in the upper part of the body B,
and carries on the top a flanged head L, having preferably a bent nozzle m, to which
the hose is attached when in use, but which is otherwise covered by a screw cap M.
The operation of the hydrant is as follows:- -The body or chamber B is always full
of water and the piston remains at the bottom of the cylinder F in the position shown
in Fig. 1 when not in use, the hollow piston rod being then full of water under
pressure as is also the cylinder itself, the water entering it from the perforations a at
the top. The flanged head L of the piston rod is locked by a turn upon the head of

page_text: the stuffing box K, which when placed as shown in Fig. 4, at the bottom of the
chamber A, is at a considerable distance from the surface so that the water in. the pipe
and cylinder is not so liable to freeze.
C
When the hydrant is to be used, the flanged head or cap is turned and released and
the hollow rod G, and cock a turned into the position shown in Fig. 3, allowing the
water pressure to enter beneath the piston, which owing to the difference of area will
have a greater total pressure below than above and will consequently rise up, carrying
with it, the piston rod and head L, which is then ready for attaching to the hose, as
the perforations in the piston rod are closed by the collar seating upon the
packing and consequently no more water can pass into the piston rod or as it now
forms the stand pipe. The cap M, is then unscrewed and the hose attached, the
hollow rod G, is again turned by means of the squared head or rod H and a key or
handle and the two way cock brought into position shown in Fig. 4 allowing a small
quantity of water from the cylinder F to pass into the hollow rod G, from whence it
Hows up and runs away through the opening. The discharge of this small quantity
of water allows the piston to fall slightly or it may be pressed down a few inches by
hand pressure on the stand pipe, when the perforations will be exposed and form a
direct outlet for the water from the main, which passes direct through the per-
forations a in the upper part of the cylinder into the hollow piston rod or stand pipe
and to the hose. The piston it will be found will not sink any lower as the pressure
is taken directly away but it is preferable to close the cock to assist in retaining the
water in the bottom of cylinder F. To shut off the water from the hose, the handle or
rod is turned, opening the cock and allowing the pressure to pass again beneath the
piston, when the stand pipe will rise the short distance required, or it may be drawn
up and the valve again closed as shown in Fig. 3. The hose is then removed, the cap
replaced, and the landle or rod turned to open the cock e into the position shown in
Fig. when the pressure above the piston will force it down, displacing the water
beneath, and forcing it out through the hollow rod G from whence it runs away
through the opening as before. The flanged head L, is then secured again by a
turn on the head of the stuffing box and for additional security the cock e may be
turned off.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1st. The combined hydrant and stand pipe consisting of the casing B, having the
connection E, with the pressure main in combinaton with the inner perforated
cylinder F, having passage controlled by cock c, actuated by suitable means,
together with the piston and piston rod I, having perforations i with means for closing
same and suitable cap, substantially as described and for the purposes set forth.
2nd. The combination with a hydrant as described of a cock e so constructed and
arranged that in one position communication is opened between the bottom of
cylinder F and the casing B, in a second position between cylinder F, and hollow dis-
charge. rod G, and in a third position communication is entirely cut off, substantially
as and for the purposes set forth.
3rd. The general construction and arrangement of parts forming the hydrant
and stand pipe, substantially as described and as illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
Dated this 24th dore of Jonno 1887