IMPROVEMENTS IN AMERICAN STOVES OR CLOSE COOKING TT Oways
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Dobbie and Peter Forbes, both of
Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, and of Larbert, in the County
of Stirling, North Britain, American Stove Manufacturers, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AMERICAN STOVES OR CLOSE COOKING
TT
Oways "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Dobbie and
Peter Forbes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 11th November 1875.
We, ROBERT DOBBIE and PETER FORBES, both of Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, and of Larbert, in the County of Stirling, North
Britain, American Stove Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature
of our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AMERICAN STOVES OR CLOSE
COOKING RANGES, AND IN THE MODES AND MEANS OF HEATING THE OVENS
THEREOF," to be as follows:-
This said Invention relates to improvements chiefly upon the oven
part of American stoves or close cooking ranges, for producing better
heating effects and at the same time giving a larger surface or capacity

page_text: of oven in the same stove space than has been obtained in such stoves
or ranges heretofore, and which improvements are a further development
of the Invention for which Letters Patent were granted to the present
applicants, Robert Dobbie and Peter Forbes, bearing date the 6th day
of July, 1874, numbered 2353.
The previous Invention referred more particularly to the heating of
the water boilers of American stoves or close cooking ranges, whereas
the present Invention refers essentially to the heating of the ovens
thereof, and consists as follows, namely, in constructing a grating in
the end or cheek of the fire-place next the oven, so as to leave a hollow
air space between the two, through which grating the heat from the fire
radiates directly on to the oven; an aperture being formed in the
bottom of the bars, or rest for the bars, through which the ashes are
allowed to fall freely into the ash box, in the same manner adopted
under the said Letters Patent herein-before recited. The heating of the
oven is further improved by doing away with the present complicated
under flues and back, and in some cases the damper, also by carrying
the flue over the oven and down to the bottom side, then taking it up
by a flue formed on the stone back of the range or stove. By this
means three sides of the oven are more directly and uniformly heated
by the fire than hitherto, and without the use of the cold under and
back or soot depositing flues which have hitherto been found so trouble-
some; the oven being always in order for backing or roasting, and the
draught being regulated by the front doors as usual.
By these improvements American stoves or close cooking ranges can
be made much cheaper, and with more space for a larger oven in the
same size of stove than has been practicable heretofore, and at the
same time the greater simplicity of their construction, their flues
rarely require cleaning, and when necessary this is much easier than
hitherto.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the. said Robert Dobbie and Peter Forbes in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 10th May 1876.

page_text: and of Larbert, in the County of Stirling, North Britain, American
Stove Manufacturers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in
the thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto us, the said Robert Dobbie and Peter
Forbes, Her special licence that we, the said Robert Dobbie and Peter
Forbes, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
we, the said Robert Dobbie and Peter Forbes, our executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AMERICAN
STOVES OR CLOSE COOKING RANGES, AND IN THE MODES AND MEANS OF HEATING
THE OVENS THEREOF," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the
said Robert Dobbie and Peter Forbes, our executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their
hands and scals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
per-
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Robert Dobbie and Peter
Forbes, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement in writing, reference
being had to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and to the letters
and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
Our said Invention relates to improvements chiefly upon the oven
part of American stoves or close cooking ranges, for producing better
heating effects, and at the same time giving a larger surface or capacity.
of oven in the same stove space than has been obtained in such stoves
or ranges heretofore, and which improvements are a further development
of the Invention for which Letters Patent were granted to us, bearing
date the 6th day of July, 1874, and numbered 2353..

page_text: The previous Invention referred more particularly to the heating of
the water boilers of American stoves or close cooking ranges, whereas
the present Invention refers essentially to the heating of the ovens
thereof.
And in order that the full nature, novelty, and mode of performing
or putting our said Invention into effect or practice may be properly
understood, we shall now proceed to describe the Figures on the Sheet
of Drawings which we have hereunto appended for that purpose,
showing the best mode we are at present aware of for putting our
improvements into practice, the same reference letters indicating the
same parts in all the Figures where shown.
Figures 1, 2, and 3, are respectively a front and a transverse section
and a horizontal section of an American stove or close cooking range
fitted with our said improvements as applied to such stoves, and which
consist all as follows:-In constructing a grating A³ in or at the end
of the fire-place c next to the oven and at a little distance from it, so
as to leave a small hollow air space B² between this grate cheek A² or
fire-place c and the end d² of the oven d, through which grating A² and
intermediate space B the heat radiates directly from the fire at c on to
the side d² of the oven d; an aperture Bч being formed below the
space B in the bottom of the bars c³, or rest for the new grate cheek A²
for ashes to fall freely into the ash-pit c¹¹, in the same manner adopted
under the said Letters Patent herein-before recited in relation to the
improvements for heating the water boilers f of these close stoves.
a, a, are the front and back sides of the close cooking range with the
closing doors of the fire and oven c¹, cx, d*; b, b, are the ends, g the
bottom, with the whole supported on' the feet g¹; a¹ is the close top with
the diagonal round ended holes h and close lids h¹ for heating the pots,
and c the fire-grate, with the main water boiler f at the opposite end
to the oven d, heated through its grate A and open recess B, B', by
direct radiation from the fire; the waste heated products of combustion
passing off either direct from the fire, when the oven is not in use,
through the opening " into the chimney k; or when the oven is in use,
heating it by passing over the top d', down the end flue d", and along
the bottom flued to the lower part of the chimney as at k¹ and up the
chimney through the opening j, according as the damper is turned to
close the one opening or the other or j by the rod and handle j¹ in
front, all as indicated by the black arrows in the several Figures, and

page_text: substantially as shown and described in the Specification of our said
former Patent, No. 23531874, heating the oven on the three sides in
addition to heating it on the side d³ next the fire by direct radiation
through the new or improved open end grate A³, shown detached in
Figure 4. In this arrangement a close circulating hot water boiler F
is placed at the back of the fire-place c, fitted with an improved vertical
open grate A and air space B, B³, seen particularly in Figure 2, so as
to heat this boiler F by direct radiation from the fire through the said
new or improved grating A', all substantially as shown and described in
reference to the heating of the boiler f; a screw lid F¹ being provided
at top for supplying the water to this boiler F which circulates the hot
water through the pipes G, G', to or from baths, lavatories, or for other
purposes, as indicated by the arrows.
A second improvement in reference to these American stoves or close
cooking ranges consists in heating the oven without the present under
flues at d, g, or (in some cases) the damper j by carrying the flues
only over the oven at d¹ and down the end d" to the bottom ď,
and
then along and up a flue d³, d, formed at the back a of the range in
the stone or brick back of the oven when these are used, and up the
chimney k, all as indicated by the red lines and arrows in the Figures,
thus heating the three sides of the oven, the top d¹, end d", and
back d, more directly and uniformly by the fire than hitherto without
the use of the cold under flues d¹¹ which are frequently found trouble-
some by depositing soot on the heating surfaces and require frequent
cleaning to insure proper action and draught. By this second improve-
ment the oven remains constantly in proper working order for baking
or raasting, the draught being regulated by the front doors c¹, cx, as
usual, or by a damper j*, when that is desired in the chimney k. And
the ovens of American stoves or close cooking ranges can thus be made
larger to occupy the space of the flue du, or the stoves made smaller
for the same size of oven, enabling them to be made proportionally
lighter and cheaper.
Having now particularly described the nature of our said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is or may be performed, we have to
state that we do not confine ourselves to the precise details herein
described or delineated, but what we consider to be novel and original,
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to us by the herein-before
in part recited Letters Patent is,-

page_text: First. The general construction of American stoves or close cooking
ranges, with open gratings and air spaces on the three sides A, B, B',
A, B, B', and A2, B2, B", for heating the boilers and oven by direct
radiation from the fire and grato c, substantially as herein described in
reference to and shown in the accompanying Drawings, whether the
waste hot gases pass off as indicated by the black arrows or by the red
arrows to the chimney k or K.
Second. The heating of the side of the oven next the fire of American
stoves or close cooking ranges by direct radiation from the fire through
an open grate A* and open space B³, B", substantially as herein described
in reference to and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Third. The heating of the ovens of American stoves or close cooking
ranges, by conducting the heated products of combustion over and
round the top outer end and back d¹, d", d², d³, d'; and substantially
as herein described in reference to and indicated by the red lines and
arrows in the several Figures without the use of an under flue d¹¹¹ as
heretofore.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Forbes, on behalf of the
said Robert Dobbie and myself, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Ninth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.