IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING COTTON WARPS AND COTTON ANILINE BLACK, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ernest Posselt and Rudolf Peters, of the Firm of
E. Posselt and Co., of Bradford, in the County of York, Merchants, for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING COTTON WARPS AND COTTON
ANILINE BLACK, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH." A communication
from abroad by Jules Joseph Leloir, of Tourcoing, in the Republic of France,
Manufacturer.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ernest Posselt and Rudolf
Peters at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st January
1880.
ERNEST POSSELT and RUDOLF PETERS, of the Firm of E. Posselt and Co., of
Bradford, in the County of York, Merchants. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING COTTON
WARPS AND COTTON ANILINE BLACK, AND IN APPARATUS_CONNECTED THEREWITH."
[A communication from abroad by Jules Joseph Leloir, of Tourcoing, in the Republic
of France, Manufacturer.]
The said Invention relates to dyeing cotton warps or cotton with aniline oil or its
salts by a process in which baths containing dyo liquids are not employed; the
warps are made to pass over rollers which are fitted in an empty cistern, the warps
having been previously damped and prepared in heated water. The warps in
travelling through the cistern receive the dye mixture or liquor which falls on the
warps or cotton as they pass on through the empty cistern, and the dye materials
are placed in a cistern which is placed above the empty cistern and falls on the
warps through a perforated pipe which is fitted to the bottom part of the cistern,
and the pipe is fitted with a tap or valve to turn the dye liquor on or off. For this
purpose in the top cistern is placed water, muriatic acid, iron, chlorate of potash,
sulphate of copper, and aniline oil; the dye liquid or liquor falling on the warps as
they pass through the cistern imbibe the warps with colouring matter, and when
the warps have passed on through the empty cistern they are removed and placed
in a convenient room or place to age, and after ageing they are passed through an
empty cistern and travel over rollers fitted therein; the warps receive a solution of
bichromate of potash acidulated with muriatic acid; the mixture is made in a
cistern which is fitted over the empty cistern through which pass the warps and the
mixture flows on the warps and passes through a pipe perforated with holes; this
last operation fixes the colour and the warps are dyed fast and fine aniline black.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Ernest Posselt and Rudolf Peters in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 30th July 1880.
"
ERNEST POSSELT and RUDOLF PETERS, of the Firm of E. Posselt and Co., of
Bradford, in the County of York, Merchants. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING COTTON
WARPS AND COTTON ANILINE BLACK, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH."
A communication from abroad by Jules Joseph Leloir, of Tourcoing, in the Republic
of France, Manufacturer.
The said Invention relates to dyeing cotton warps or cotton with aniline oil or
its salts by a process in which the usual plunge baths containing dye liquids are
not employed; the warps are made to pass over rollers which are fitted in an
empty or nearly empty cistern, the warps having been previously damped and
prepared in heated water. The warps in travelling through the cistern receive the
dye mixture or liquor which falls on the warps or cotton fabrics as they pass
through the cistern receiving a shower of the mixture, and imbibe the mixture, and
also in passing under the bottom rollers as a small height of the mixture from the
shower remains in the cistern. The dye materials are placed in a tank which is
placed above the empty or nearly empty cistern and fall on the warps through a
perforated pipe which is connected to pipes fitted at the bottom of the tank, and
the pipes are fitted with a tap or valve to turn the dye liquid on and off. For this
purpose in the top tank is placed water, muriatic acid, chloride of iron, chlorate of
potash, sulphate of copper, and aniline oil; the dye liquid or liquor falling on the
warps as they pass through the cistern, the warps imbibe the colouring matter
falling on them and in passing under the bottom rollers. When the warps have
passed on through the cistern or passed through until the necessary action is
received they are removed and placed in a convenient room or place to age, and
after ageing they are passed through another cistern and made to travel over and
under rollers fitted therein. The warps then reecive a solution of bichromate of
potash acidulated with muriatic acid, and this mixture is made or placed in a tank
which is fitted over the cistern through which pass the warps, and the mixture
flows on the warps through a pipe or tube perforated with small holes, and the
warps also imbibe some of the mixture in passing under the bottom rollers; this
last operation fixes the colour and the warps are dyed fast and fine aniline black.
But in order to make the improvements better understood we will proceed to
more particularly describe the same by reference to the accompanying Drawing,
in which Figure 1 represents a side elevation of a cistern having two compartments,
one for preparing the cotton warps in heated water, the other for the coloring
matter and fitted with the shower bath apparatus; Figure 2 represents a side
elevation of a cistern also fitted with a shower bath apparatus and for the solution
of bichromate of potash and muriatic acid.
Similar letters are employed to represent similar parts.
The cotton warps A are made to pass over the roller B into the cistern C which
contains heated water; they pass through the cistern over the rollers B and under
the rollers D, then through the squeezing rollers E, care being taken to keep a
good pressure on the squeezing rollers so as to keep the warps as free as possible
from water; the warps pass on over the roller H into a cistern I or second
compartment, and travel on over the rollers J and through the squeezing rollers E,
then through a folder into any suitable receiver. We would have it understood
that we lay no claim to the cisterns fitted with rollers as they are well known.
Over the cistern or in any convenient overhead position we fix a tank K, to which
is fitted a pipe L communicating with the tank, and to the pipe L is secured a
tap M to regulate the supply of the colouring matter placed in the tank; the

page_text: bottom of the tap is fitted with a small pipe N, to which is fixed a perforated
tube O. The mixture placed or made in the tank K may be composed of,-
Water
1
-
Solution of chloride of iron
Aniline oil
Muriatic acid
Chlorate of potash
Sulphate of copper
thirteen and a quarter gallons.
thirteen and a quarter gallons.
three and a half gallons.
four and a half gallons.
six and a quarter pounds.
four and three quarter pounds.
These proportions vary according to the weight of the warps or cotton goods to be
dyed provided an equal strength be given.
The mixture or liquor passes through the pipe L, tap M, and perforated tube O,
and falls in a shower on the warps travelling through the compartment or cistern I,
the shower of liquor or mixture impregnates the warps or cotton fabrics and they also
receive the liquor which is left in the bottom of the cistern in passing under the
rollers; when they are sufficiently impregnated they are deposited by a folder in
any suitable receiver and removed to a convenient place and allowed to age, that is
to say, to oxydise the aniline; when the oxidation is completed the warps are
passed into a cistern P and travel over and under the rollers J in the cistern. Over
the cistern is also fixed a tank K which is fitted with a similar apparatus to that
herein before described.
In the tank K is placed a solution of concentrated bi-chromate of potash
acidulated with muriatic acid; the solution passes through the pipes and tube O,
and falls in a shower on the warps impregnating them with the solution; after this
operation the cotton warps are dyed fast and inalterably black; they are then
washed in cold water and with soap and dried in a heated room. The washing is
done in a cistern having two compartments, one with soap and water and the other
with cold water only; the cistern is of similar construction to that represented
in Figure 1, but we lay no claim to the cisterns as they are well known; this last
cistern is not fitted with a tank and apparatus.
Instead of employing the tube O bored with holes we may fit to the bottom end
of the tap a pipe which enters the cistern and extends nearly to the bottom of the
cistern; the tap can be so regulated as to admit only a sufficient quantity of dye
mixtures equal or nearly equal to what the warps will imbibe in passing through
the cistern, so that the mixtures are kept in an equal or nearly equal degree of
concentration; the bottom of the cistern can also be made curved to give an easy
flow to the liquids which only enter the cisterns in a limited quantity, and to keep
a very low level in the cistern a hole Q is made on one of the sides of the cistern
in which is fitted a plug or tap, and through which, when open, any excess of
liquids or mixtures escape, thus keeping a level of liquid an inch or two in the
cistern so that the warps passing under the bottom rollers, may imbibe the mixture
or liquor.
We mordant and dye cotton goods aniline black in the same manner as the
warps, the goods passing through the cisterns receive a shower of the dyeing
materials, and of a solution of concentrated bichromate of potash and muriatic
acid.
Having thus described the Invention communicated to us, and the best means
we are acquainted with for carrying the same into effect, we would have it
understood that we do not confine ourselves to the exact proportions given as they
may be varied without departing from the peculiar character of the Invention, but
what we do claim is,―
Firstly. The employment of the hereinbefore described mordants for dyeing
cotton warps and cotton fabrics, substantially in the manner herein before described.
Secondly. The method of dyeing cotton warps or cotton fabrics aniline black by
the employment of shower baths instead of plunge baths, or by admitting the
dyeing mixtures in such quantity that the warps or cotton fabrics will imbibe or
nearly imbibe the mixtures in passing through the cisterns and keeping the

page_text: mixtures at an equal or nearly equal degree of concentration, substantially as and
for the purpose hereinbefore described and represented in the accompanying
Drawing.
In witness whereof, we, the said Ernest Posselt and Rudolf Peters, have
hereto set our hands and seals, this Twenty third day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
Witness,
WALTER JAS. TURNER, C.E.,
Patent Agent,
Bradford.
ERNEST POSSELT. (L.S.)
RUDOLF PETERS.
(L.S.)