Year: 1886

page_text: I, JACOB KRITCH, Mechanical Engineer, of Cleveland, in the County of Cuyahoga
and State of Ohio, United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to a certain new and improved railway car journal box or
bearing (technically known as brasses), the nature of which consists of a box having
its journal bearing surface composed of a compound or amalgam of metals, consisting
of tin one part, copper seven parts, and of phosphorous sixty four parts as herein set
forth, suitable for said purpose and the back or top thereof formed of cast iron or its
equivalent in contact therewith by the force of adhesion the said journal bearing being
made by casting as hereinafter described.
For a more full and complete description of the said invention reference will be had
to the following specification and to the annexed drawings, making part of the same
in which like letters designate like parts.
It is well understood by those skilled in the art of making and using railway axle
journal bearings for railway cars, that owing to the great pressure, strain and thrust to
which they are more or less subjected they often crack or break to such a degree
render them noi only unfit for use but also dangerous and resultant in serious
accidents.
as to
It is the purpose of this improvement to make the journal bearings (or brasses) with
a reinforced backing or top of cast iron or its equivalent to prevent this destruction of
the bearing and its results before mentioned.
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a railway car axle journal bearing.
Fig. 2 is a transverse section and
Fig. 3a longitudinal vertical section.
The drawings represent a special form of a journal bearing, the improvement
however is applicable to other forms of axle bearings without departing from the
nature of said invention.
In the drawings A Fig. 1 represents the journal bearing as an entirety, B being
the bearing surface for the axle and made of a compound or amalgam of metals
suitable for the purpose designed, preferably composed to one part tin, copper seven

page_text: parts and one sixty fourth part of phosphorus, which are combined for melting together
and form that part of the bearing indicated at C, below the line D or top E. G, is of
cast iron or its equivalent. At the end is a segmental shoulder F. Above and back
of the shoulder is a flange G, Figs. 1 and 2. The sides at H H are shaped for
adaption to a certain construction of housing or pedestals of the cars, which sides may
be changed according to the nature of the case. The purpose of shaping the sides H H
and flange G as shown is for adapting and holding the bearing in the housing and in
relation to the axle.
The segmental shoulder F is to receive the bearing of the collar on the axle, and
prevents the same by its lateral force from cutting into the face B of the journal
bearing.
के
The ordinary axle journal bearings (or brasses) become cracked, broken or split
usually in the radii of its centre and longitudinally owing to the vertical and
longitudinal strain and thrust of the train. At times the bearing spreads away from
the journal in the line a a Fig. 2 so that only about the upper part at ee will be upon
the axle journal. In this way the bearing is either soon worn through, split or cracked
in two and the journal cut thereby. This is especially the case in first using new
bearings, which are so liable to become a "hot box." In this condition the result is
that the bearing will more readily spread from the journal leaving only a portion of
the bearing for the journal, which is soon cut through or broken.
By reinforcing the bearing (or brass) by a backing of cast iron, this spreading of
the bearing is effectually prevented as the reinforcing metal E is of that rigid tenacious
character as to resist the more pliable and yielding nature of the compound metal
part C of the bearing.
The two physical conditions of the metallic parts C, and E, are such that while the
former is susceptible of more or less pliable extension and abrasion in its relation to
the axle journal the cast iron backing conversely to this resists tensile strain in all
directions in its adhesion to the section or part as shown.
The described journal bearing is made by casting in a mould of the article an alloy
or compound of metals as before described or the equivalents thereof and while in its
heated state to pour into the same mould molten cast iron or its equivalent, which in
contaction with the said compound forms a rigid and durable adhesion therewith.
When a new bearing is used on a worn axle journal it is advisable to line the face
of the bearing with Babbit metal I Figs. 2 and 3 for the purpose of reducing the frictional
contact of the new bearing with the old journal thereby finding its proper seat in the
bearing.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
A railway axle journal bearing (or brass) having the lower part thereof, which bears
on the journal, made of an alloy or compound of metals, and a reinforced backing or
top of east iron in contact therewith, by the adhesion of the metals, substantially as
set forth.
Dated this 90th day of November 1886
ALLISON BROS.,
Agents for the Applicant.