AN IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT OF VALVES AND OTHER APPLIANCES FOR A NEW DESCRIPTION OF HYDRAULIC ENGINE FOR RAISING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS ABOVE THEIR ADE USED AS A MOTIVE POWER." SPATION
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Smith, of Berkeley House, Seaforth, near
.
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, and Sydney Arthur Chease, of
Egremont, in the County of Chester, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
ARRANGEMENT OF VALVES AND OTHER APPLIANCES FOR A NEW DESCRIPTION OF
HYDRAULIC ENGINE FOR RAISING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS ABOVE THEIR
ADE USED AS A MOTIVE POWER."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Smith and
Sydney Arthur Chease at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 21st March 1865.
We, JAMES SMITH, of Berkeley House, Seaforth, near Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, and SYDNEY ARTHUR CHEASE, of Egremont, in the
County of Chester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT OF VALVES AND OTHER APPLIANCES FOR A NEW
DESCRIPTION OF HYDRAULIC ENGINE FOR RAISING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS ABOVE
THEIR COMMON LEVEL, THE FLUIDS SO RAISED TO BE USED AS A MOTIVE POWER," to
be as follows (that is to say) :-
This Invention has for its object an improved arrangement of valves and other
appliances for a new description of hydraulic engine for raising water and other
fluids above their common level, the fluids so raised to be used as a motive power.
This Invention of an improved arrangement of valves and other appliances
for our hydraulic engine for raising water and other fluids above their common
level, for which we obtained Her Majesty's Letters Patent, bearing date the
Ninth day of July 1868, and numbered 1706, and consists in constructing a
pump
reservoir. having two compartments. The upper compartment has a lift
for raising the water or other fluid from the lower compartment, producing

page_text: two different levels of the fluid in the one reservoir. Into the lower level of
the fluid we insert a portion of a tank or tanks, allowing the fluid in the
reservoir to have free play around around them. Inside and on the bottom of
the tank or tanks is fixed a box or boxes, each box having two sets of valves
composed of gun metal, one set opening to the fluid contained in the tanks,
and the other set opening to the fluid contained in the reservoir. These valves
are so arranged that when the pair or set of valves in communication with the
fluid in the tank are open the other pair or set are closed and shut off the
communication with the reservoir, and vice versa. On the upper side of
the box or boxes is a circular aperture, around which is fitted a cup leather
valve. This valve fits the lower part of an air-tight cylinder or float, which
is inserted in the circular aperture, and by means of connecting rods the
cylinder or float is attached to the end of a lever or beam. The other end of
the beam is united by two connecting rods to the crank of the engine and
the piston rod of the lift pump. On the shaft is fixed an eccentric to work
the gear which actuates the tank valves. On the head of the tank we fix a
feed pipe, which passes downwards into the upper compartment of the reservoir,
having a valve attached to it, which is always kept beneath the high level of
the fluid in the upper compartment of the reservoir, and thus acts as a syphon.
We then fill the tank and feed pipe with water or some other fluid, and raise
the fluid in the lower compartment of the reservoir until the tank valves are
submerged. We then fill the upper compartment of the reservoir which
contains the lift pump to within a few inches of the lid of the tank or tanks,
when the engine is ready for use.
The production and cause of motion may be described as follows:-The
floats being hollow, and merely filled with atmospheric air, are lighter. than
a space of equal magnitude filled by a column of water, and it therefore
follows of necessity that when the tank valves- are open to the gravatic.force
of the fluid contained in the tank, that force acts on the bottom of the float
and causes it to rise, and when the valve is closed against the action of gravatio
force in the tank, and opened to the reservoir, the float falls, there being. no
power beneath to support it, thus producing a reciprocating motion, which
acting on the beam produces rotation of the crank, and. at the same time
actuates the eccentric, causing the tank valves to open and close ;. (and this
motion is 'continued until the syphon valve is closed, shutting off the atmos-
pheric pressure by which the water or other fluid is forced into the tank by the
syphon feed pipe, and by which the water or other fluid is raised through the
agency of the lift pump into the upper compartment of the reservoir..
:

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Smith and Sydney Arthur Chease in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 21st September 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
SMITH, of Berkeley House, Seaforth, near Liverpool, in the County of Lan-
caster, and SYDNEY ARTHUR CHEASE, of Egremont, in the County of Chester,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said James Smith and Sydney Arthur Chease, Her special licence that we, the
said James Smith and Sydney Arthur Chease, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said James Smith and Sydney Arthur
Chease, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel-
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT
OF VALVES AND OTHER APPLIANCES FOR A NEW DESCRIPTION OF HYDRAULIC ENGINE
FOR RAISING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS ABOVE THEIR COMMON LEVEL, THE FLUIDS SO
RAISED TO BE USED AS A MOTIVE POWER," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said James Smith and Sydney Arthur Chease, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Smith and Sydney Arthur
Chease, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement (that is to say):-
:―
This our said Invention of an improved arrangement of valves and other
appliances for our hydraulic engine for raising water and other fluids above
their common level, for which we obtained Her Majesty's Letters Patent,
bearing date the Ninth day of July 1868, and numbered 1706, consists
in constructing a reservoir having two compartments, called the upper and
lower compartments. The upper compartment has a lift pump for raising the

page_text: water or other fluid from the lower compartment, producing two different
levels of the fluid in the one reservoir. Into the lower level of the fluid we
insert a portion of a tank or tanks, allowing the fluid in the reservoir to have
free play around them. Inside and on the bottom of the tank or tanks we
fix a box or boxes, each box having two sets of valves composed of gun metal,
one set opening to the fluid contained in the reservoir. These valves we
so arrange that when the pair or set of valves in communication with with
the fluid in the tank are open the other pair or set are closed and shut off.
the communication with the reservoir, and vice versa. On the upper side
of the box or boxes is a circular aperture, around which is fitted a cup leather
valve. This valve fits the lower part of an air-tight cylinder or flat, which
is inserted in the circular aperture, and by means of connecting rods the
cylinder or float we attach to the end of a lever or beam; the other end of
the beam is united by two connecting rods to the crank of the engine and
the piston rod of the lift pump. On the shaft is fixed an excentric to
work the gear which actuates the tank valves. On the head of the tank
we fix a feed pipe, which passes downwards into the upper compartment of
the reservoir, having a valve attached to it, which is always kept beneath
the high level of the fluid in the upper compartment of the reservoir, and
thus acts as a syphon. We then fill the tank and feed pipe with water or
some other fluid, and raise the fluid in the lower compartment of the reservoir
which contains the lift pump to within a few inches of the lid of the tank or
tanks, when the engine is ready for use.
The production and cause of motion may be described as follows:-The
floats being hollow, and merely filled with atmospheric air, are lighter than a
space of equal magnitude filled by a column of water, and it therefore follows
of necessity that when the tank valves are open to the gravatic force of the
fluid contained in the tank, that force acts on the bottom of the float and
causes it to rise, and when the valve is closed against the action of gravatio
force in the tank, and opened to the reservoir, the float falls, there being no
power beneath to support it, thus producing a reciprocating motion, which
acting on the beam produces rotation of the crank, and at the same time
actuates the excentric, causing the tank valves to open and close; and this
motion is continued until the syphon valve is closed, shutting off the atmo-
spheric pressure by which the water or other fluid is forced into the tank by
the syphon feed pipe, and by which the water or other fluid is raised
through the agency of the lift pump into the upper compartment of the
reservoir.
That this our said Invention may be the more readily seen and understood,

page_text: we have hereunto annexed Drawings in illustration of a machine constructed
according to our said Invention.
Figure 1 is a flank or side elevation of an engine constructed according to
our Invention, seen in vertical section.
A, A, the external compartment of the reservoir; B, B, the internal com-
partment of the reservoir, containing the lift pump C and the sluice valve
box D; E, F, F, and G, the tank, which we construct in four parts, E the
first part, containing the box cylinders H and I. The parts F, F, contain the
two floats K and L, the part G contains the intermediate lever M, to which
the floats K and L are united by means of the slings N and O, and by the
aid of the rod P, which is firmly bolted on the head of the float K, passing
through the stuffing box Q, having a cross head R, and the link S held in
the jaws of the lever T, imparting motion to the fly wheel U by means of the
connecting rod V and the crank W. The connecting rod X is attached to the
piston rod Y at one end and the crank W at the other. As the engine works
the lift pump C conv the fluid contained within the external compartment.
of the reservoir A, A, into the internal compartment of the reservoir B, B,.
maintaining a constant level above the sluice valve Z. The pressure of the
atmosphere passing through the ventilator Aa, acts on the fluid and forces it
through the syphon feed pipe Ba, until the sluice valve Z is closed. The
circular valves Da and Ea are actuated by the eccentric Fa and its
gear Ga, Ga causing them to open and close alternately, producing a
circuit of motion; IIa, an aperture in the neck of the syphon feed pipe Ba,
and used for charging the tank E, F, F, G. The fluid is poured into it
through this passage, filling the sluice valve box D, the syphon feed pipe Ba,
and the tank E, F, F, G, until they cannot be made to contain any more; the
blank nut la is then tightly screwed down over the aperture, having a
leather washer beneath it to render it perfectly air-tight. We theu pour more
fluid into the reservoir through the ventilator Aa, until the Ka, Ka, aud
La, La, levels are attained; when this is accomplished the engine is really
to be set in motion, which is done by opening. the sluice valve Z by means of
the lever Ma. The air pump Na, is employed to produce artificial pressure
on the fluid; in that case we bolt the cap Oa of the ventilator on (with
packing to make it perfectly air-tight), then with the lever Pa we pump the
air until we obtain the required pressure. By uniting the lever Pa to the
lever Tat the point Ra, any amount of power can be obtained, and at
the same time controlled by means of the safety valve (see Figure 3) Sa, a
guide rod bolted on the head of the float L, and kept in its place by passing
through the stuffing box Ta.

page_text: Figure 2 is a transverse vertical section of the same, showing the con-
struction of the floats, the box cylinders, and the action of the circular valves.
A, A, the external compartment of the reservoir; E, F, G, the tank; H, the
box cylinder; e, e, and f, f, are necks with flanges, to which the circular
valves Da and Sa are firmly bolted; 9, 9, is a circular aperture, having a
cup or throttle valve made with strap leather (as indicated by h, h,) fixed
around it by means of a metal ring. This valve fits the float K, and likewise
the float L. The floats are constructed in parts. The lower part is made
with gun metal, and carefully turned to fit the aperture g, g, and is surrounded
by the valve h, h. The bottom is cast with the body, but the top is covered
with a cap 7, and the other parts have caps m, n, r, s, at the top and bottom,
and all fixed on air-tight. An aperture is made in the centre of these caps
to admit the bar or slay Xa, which passes through from end to end, and is
made fast by the nut i. On the foot of the upper compartment of the float
we affix the trunnions Va and Wa, to which the slings N, N, are secured,
and then made fast to the primary lever T, T. When rotation is produced
the eccentric Fa acts on the bell crank aGa, opening the valve Sa and
closing the valve Da at the same instant. When the action of the excentric
Fa is changed from o to p, the valve Sa is opened, and the valve Da is
closed. The result of this action produces the following effects on the
floats: Now the floats K and L being equipoised, their latent force is made
manifest, for the specific gravity of air becomes opposed to the specific
gravity of the fluid in which they are immersed; that is, the column of air
becomes antagonistic to an equal column of the fluid in which they are
submerged. Take water, for example, one cubic inch of water is to one cubic
inch of air as one to 1,800 nearly, but when air is enclosed in such an instru-
ment as we term a float, its natural force is a known quantity, namely, 64
cubic inches of air or space void of any atoms that we can conceive as subject
to gravatic attraction, and enclosed by any vessel, that vessel being equipoised,
and the gravatic ponderability equipellant, will hold in suspension 35 ounces
of any metallic substance submerged in water and attached to such vessel.
On this fact we have founded our new description of hydraulic engine.
Therefore when the valve Sa is open, the gravatic force of the fluid con-
tained in the tank E, F, G, acts on the foot of the float K, raising it through
the aperture 9, 9, until its upward course is arrested by the reversed position
of the excentric Fa closing the valve Sa, and opening the valve Da.
The fluid which had accumulated in the box cylinder H having free exit
through the the valve Da into the external compartment of the reservoir A, A,
the float K sinks in the box cylinder H, and the float L rises in the box

page_text: cylinder I, producing action and reaction; Ha, Ha, necks of the syphon
feed pipes; Ia, Ia, blank nuts screwed over the apertures through which
the tank E, F, G, is charged; R, the cross head; S, the link; T, T, the
primary lever.
Figure 3 is a front elevation of the same partly in vertical section, showing
the lift pump, the lift pump gear, the safety valve, and part of the sluice valve
gear. A, A, the external compartment of the reservoir; B, B, the internal
compartment of the reservoir; C, the lift pump; D, a perforated piston,
having a suction valve a, a, made with strap leather, or with india-rubber.
This piston is united to the rod E, passing through the stuffing box F fixed
to the cross head G, and held in its vertical action by the guides H, H, and
the rods I, I. The cross head F is united to the rod X, which is attached to
the crank W, causing the piston D to ascend and descend at each revolution,
lifting from the external compartment of the reservoir into the internal com-
partment of the reservoir through the perforated valve Ra, an equal quantity
of fluid to that displaced in the tank E, F, G, by the action of the floats K
and L; Xa, the safety valve, which is composed of the of the cylinder M,
having a plunge or ram N with a pair of leather-cup valves e fixed on its end
to render it air-tight, at the same time ready to act when pressure is brought to
bear on it; the ram will then ascend to f, and the superincumbent air will
pass off through the aperture O. A lever at 0 having a weight or air spring
for regulating the amount of pressure required 'completes the instrument.
P, a guide rod passing through the stuffing box R, united to the lever S, and
communicating with the sluice valve Z. By this arrangement the sluice
valve Z can be opened or closed at pleasure. T, the excentric rod passing
through the stuffing box U, and communicating with the bell crankaGa,
and 'the excentric gear Ga.
Figure 4 is an horizontal plan of the same, showing the relative positions of
the primary parts of the engine. A, A, the external compartments of the
reservoir; B, B, the internal compartments of the reservoir; C, the lift
pump; D, the sluice valve box; Ba, 'Ba, the feet of the syphon feed
pipes; Xa, the safety valve; Na, the seat of the air pump; Ma, stuffing
box for the sluice valve Z; Fa, the excentric stuffing box; E, the lower
compartment of the tank, containing the two box cylinders Hand I, showing
the apertures occupied by the floats K'and 'L, surrounded by the cup. valves
and 9, and held in their places by the rings h, h, and h, h. Now the
valve Ea, on the cylinder I being open to the reservoir A, the fluid which.it
held beneath the float L passes through it into 'the reservoir, permitting the
float to gravitate, at the same time the valve Sa on the cylinder H being
g

page_text: open to the tank E, descends beneath the float K, forcing it upwards through
the aperture enclosed by the valve h, h, until the position of the bell
crank aGa arrives at the point N, the valves Da and Ua will be open, and
the valves Ea and Sa closed, producing action and reaction.
Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8 are enlarged plans of the valves, showing the
construction and use of each part.
Figure 5 shows the valve complete. A, the balance; B, the circular valve;
C, the valve plate; D, the actuating lever; E, part of the excentric gear.
The balance A is bolted on the valve plate C at opposite angles a, a, and b, b,
giving freedom of action to the lever D.
Figure 6 is a section of the balance. A is a shallow cylinder, having pro-
jections D, D, to receive the standards E, which are bolted on the valve
plate C (Figure 5). The piston F has a ring c, c, which holds the cup
valves i, i, to the back of the piston F, causing it to fit air-tight within the
shallow cylinder A.
Figure 7 shows the circular valve having the balance removed. B, the
circular valve; C, the valve plate; m, m, m, apertures corresponding with
apertures of the same dimensions in the plate C. The dotted lines n, n, n,
represent the position of the apertures m, m, m, take in the reverse action.
The proportion of the apertures m, m, m, is to the blank spaces 0, 0, 0, as
1 to 2.125. Now the spaces o, o, o, on both plates are ground together,
fitting air-tight; the fluid acting against those spaces produces great friction
between them,, hence the necessity of a balance of power, and that power
acting harmoniously on all parts of the valves.
Figure 8 is a section of the valve and balance complete. A, the shallow
cylinder; B, the circular valve; C, the valve plate; D, D, projections for
receiving E, E, which are bolted on the valve plates, rendering them
immoveable; F, the balance piston; G, the valve pin passing through the
circular valve C, and held in its place by the pin a, from thence through the
valve plate C, where it is. held by the regulating nut and washer f, f. The
valve pin G passes through the valve plate C, as seen in Figure 4, and the
lever K is fixed on the outside of the valves Ea and Da, instead of
between the valves and the balances, as at Sa and Ua. The key. H
secures the piston F to the pin G, giving the air space w, w. The lever K
is firmly fixed to the pin G, causing the balance piston F and the circular
valve B to move in unison at every vibration made by the excentric. Now
the face of the piston F must be exactly equal in area to the area of
the spaces m, m, m (see Figure 7); this condition fulfilled, the following.
is of necessity the result:-The fluid being admitted into the tank E, F, G,

page_text: (Figure 1,) its force acting on the circular valve spaces, the same force acts
on the face of the balance piston, producing action without friction.
Figure 9 is an enlarged vertical section of the air pump. A, the cylinder;
B, the piston; C, the piston rod, passing through D, the guide or bridge E,
the stop valve plate having recesses F and G for receiving the flange of the
cylinder A. The spindle H has a cotter I, and a screw K holding the
leather stop valve a, a, which covers the apertures b, b, b, b; L, the stop slide;
c, c, c, c, a spiral spring, held in its place by the washer and nut M; the piston
plate N secures the cup valve d, d, to the piston B. The plate P holds the
stop valve e, e, over the apertures f, f; these apertures pass completely
through the piston plate N, the cup valve h, h, and the piston B.
Figure 10 is an horizontal plan of the piston complete. F, a plate for
holding the stop valve; f, f, f, apertures passing through the plate, and
covered by the leather stop valve, indicated by the dotted line; the dark edge
represents the cup leather valve h, h.
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature of this our said
Invention, and how we believe the same may be best carried into practical
effect, we wish it to be understood that we do not confine ourselves to the
precise details, relative proportions, or dimensions herein-before described and
set forth, as it will be readily seen that the same may be considerably varied
without departing from the Invention; but what we claim is, the improved
arrangement of valves and other appliances for a new description of hydraulio
engine, substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein-before
described and set forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said James Smith and Sydney Arthur
Chease, have hereunto set our hands and affixed our seals, this Nine-
teenth day of September, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-five.
JAMES (L.S.) SMITH.
SYDNEY ARTHUR (L.S.) CHEASE.
Witness,
WILLIAM WALKER,
of 44, Castle Street,
Liverpool.