IMPROVEMENTS IN CLIPS FOR FASTENING PAPERS, PRINTS, DRAWINGS, OR CLOTHES TOGETHER WITH THE APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME
Year: 1885

page_text: the same.
I ARTHUR CHARLES HENDERSON of 47 Museum Street, Oxford Street, in the
parish of Bloomsbury and county of Middlesex, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent
do hereby declare the nature of the said invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN CLIPS
FOR FASTENING PAPERS, PRINTS, DRAWINGS, OR CLOTHES TOGETHER WITH THE
APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME, a communication to me from abroad
by Ferdinand Emile Girard and Alexandre Rigault, Engineers of the city of Paris
in the Republic of France:-
The clips referred to are inetallic and are stamped by special machinery herein-
after described. These clips are preferably of zinc, and are illustrated in the
accompanying drawings as embodying my invention, they consist of two parts or
branches represented separately in Figs. 1. 2. 3. 4 by the letters x. y. connected in
the centre by the joint or pivoting axis z, the edges at the upper part of the
branches are bent inwards so as to form two small recesses sufficiently deep wherein
to secure and contain the ends of a spiral spring x, these bent edges are continued
towards the lower part forming a rim of U section vide Fig. 3, diminishing as it
advances and converges towards x¹ y¹.
The branch y, at the articulation of the two branches at z, is recessed for the
reception at this point of the branch z, vide Fig. 3. Starting from the point x¹ y'
the edges are raised towards the outside and at this part the two branches have
an aperture B, which grips the line or cord on which the articles are suspended.
Externally the lower parts terminate in cups, the edges of which are bent
outwards from the inside vide Fig. 1. the base or bottom of which cups may be
striated or furnished with india rubber washers or rings, to increase the adhesive
power and more firmly hold the object gripped.
All the parts are made as strong and rigid as possible, the branches are very
light, and last twice as long as the wooden clips. They can be made with a swing
press, but it is more economical to manufacture them with the machine herein
described.
7

page_text: Fig. 5 is a lateral elevation of a machine of this description, seen from the side
of the metal distributing mechanism. Figure 7 is a vertical section made following
the lines 1. 2. 3. 4 of Fig. 6.
The cast-iron frame a. is of any convenient form and dimensions for supporting
the three parallel shafts b. c. d. and containing the various working parts, parti-
cularly the two carriages f and g. one bearing the cutter and the other the stamper
or punch.
The shaft b, is the driving shaft, and for this purpose is furnished with pulleys
bb, and fly wheels 63 63 and pinions b b which govern the toothed wheels c¹ c¹,
which latter bear the succeeding shaft c, this shaft by means of the toothed wheel c²,
and intermediate wheel e, actuates the cog wheel d¹ of the third shaft.d, at the
other end of which is loosely mounted the ratchet wheel d², and the cog wheel d³
solid with each other. The cog wheel d³ communicates with a pinion h, which in
its motion draws with it a wheel 1, placed in such a manner that it governs two
pinions and j. each transmitting inotion respectively to two pinions of equal
diameter ¹¹.
The two couples of toothed wheels.
j. govern the feed cylinders or rollers
between which the band or plate of metal moves, which is to be stamped.
The ratchet dat each turn of the shaft d, advances one tooth by aid of the
click m, mounted on an oscillating lever m¹, which is subject to the action of
the spring m³, and cam m³ of the shaft d. A lever admits of stopping the
lever m², and click m, by drawing it, by means of the jointed lever n, which is
situated at the points A or M of the sector S, according to whether the machine
is at work or rest.
Between the sides of the frame two carriages herein before mentioned f. g.
bearing the cutting and stamping tools, are placed side by side, guided as required
so that they can be displaced in a horizontal and rectilinear manner.
Alternate rectilinear displacement is, communicated to them by two cams f¹ gl
keyed to the shaft c, and acts on the carriages between the rollers f* f³ g'g' loosely
mounted on the transverse axes of these sliding pieces.
.
Near the shaft d the carriages f. g. are armed, the first with a cutting tool o, and
the other with a stamper p. Matrices o p¹ are fixed to the frame so that each
one exactly corresponds with the punches o. p: that is to say that the plate
which is cut by the tool o. is forced into the mould .o'. Both the stamper P,
and mould p', are of the form it is intended that the plate shall bear at a
single blow.
In front of the tool o, and mould o¹, and on the shaft d, a cam is fixed which
governs the backward and forward motion of a kind of shuttle q¹ whose function
is to sieze the cut plate and bear it to the stamper.
-
In the mould p¹, two springs or expellers are placed r. r, and cams 71 71 whose
object is to cut off the article stamped, and drive it from the mould as soon as the
stamper p, passes to the rear. At the end of this retiring motion whilst the
carriage g, is still backing, a driver forces the cut piece to fall from the mould
when it is conveyed to any suitable receptacle.
Before leaving the moulds the branches are pierced with the central apertures
by which they are united for this purpose a punch comprising a support 8,
bearing a tool holder t, turns and slides in it vertically, a kind of arm s' articulated
at s², to the support acts on the tool holder t, by means of the spring u.
The bit t¹, terminating the shaft t, plays in a vertical aperture of the mould p¹,
it is raised or lowered by the combined action of the spring u, and cam v. of the
shaft d. Rapid rotation is communicated to the bit or drill by the ty wheel b³,
which by means of a cord or strap'w, transmits notion to a small pulley t², with
which the tool holder t is furnished.
To feed the machine continuously, the bands or plates of metal are cut the size
required of uniform length, so that the périodical effect of the tooth of the ratchet d²
is regularly produced.

page_text: Starting and pushing forward the sheet or band of metal in starting is effected
as follows: the gear lever n, of the advance movement is placed at stop, marked
on the sector S, then the driving belt is slipped onto the fixed pulley 61, the whole
machine is then set in motion excepting the advance movement.
For the clearer comprehension of what follows, the ratchet d' which governs the
advance, has one tooth longer than any of the others by half, so as to make a
greater course at the beginning and at the end of the band of metal so as to avoid
false cuts, which further on would hinder the action of the machine and cause it to
be stopped.
The stroke of the click is fixed, for this purpose as when the teeth are equally
divided one only at a time can be acted on occasioning a loss of time equal
to tooth.
The lever n, being still at stop, by means of the crank handle d³, fixed on the
cog wheel d³, all the gear work is put to the starting point, care-]
e being taken that
the periodical tooth of the ratchet shall have a number of teeth in its rear, this
Intter then attacks this tooth at the moment that the end of the band of metal is
in proximity with the cutting punch o, and should take a longer course, so that it
is sure that the first blow falls full in the mould.
Fig. 8 shows a band of metal B, cut in a normal manner, with the extreme
edge B₁ larger than the divisions B³, remaining after the plates are removed.
As the numbers of the teeth of the ratchet d' correspond exactly with the total
number of the plates to be cut from a band, the same phase occurs at the end as at
the beginning.
In commencing work the band B is introduced between the feed rollers and the
lever is placed opposite the starting mark M.
Cutting The carriage cutter f actuated by the cam f¹, by means of the cutting
tool o, cuts one of the plates shown by the Figa. 9. 10. according to the cutters and
matrices selected, whether for cutting the branch x, or the branch y Fig. 1.
The punch or cutting tool o, having pierced the central band, engages in the
mould o, pushing forward the cut plate, to the end of its course, which plate the
shuttle g quickly conducts to a groove ad hoc, to bring it immediately in front of
the stamping mould p¹. Whilst this takes place the carriage f returns quickly to
the rear for a fresh advance of the metal.
Stamping As soon as the plate reaches this point, and is in front of the mould
or matrix p¹, the carriage g, advances by, the action of the cam g' its punch p¹
stamps the metal into the mould, and at the same time the shuttle q³ recedes
quickly to sieze the next plate.
Punching The carriage g having reached the end of its course it remains a
moment whilst the perforators t. t animated with a very rapid motion pierces the
stamped metal without any chips and immediately rises.
Freeing the plate-The stamped metal sometimes adheres a little to the sides of
the matrix pl, but the expellers r. r. cut off the piece and compel it to follow the
punch p, as it retires: as it is leaving a driver catches it in its passage and forces
it to fall,
The carriage continues to recede and the expellers r. r urged by their spring
completely lodges them in their recess.
Connecting the parts together-The two branches thus stamped in their respective
moulds, are then united by hand by inserting one within the other and putting the
axis or pivot in its place, and all that then remains. to be done is to mount the
spring in the upper cavities.

page_text: .
or Clothes, together with the Apparatus for Manufacturing
the same.
'
I ARTHUR CHARLES HENDERSON of 47 Museum Street, Oxford Street in the
county of Middlesex Patent Agent do hereby declare the nature of the said
invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN CLIPS FOR FASTENING PAPERS PRINTS DRAWINGS,
OR CLOTHES TOGETHER WITH THE APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME (a
communication to me from abroad by Ferdinand Girard and Alexandre Rigault
Mechanical Engineers, of the city of Paris in the Republic of France) and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement to be as follows:-
The clips referred to are metallic and are stamped by special machinery herein-
after mentioned. These clips. are preferably of zinc, and are illustrated in the
accompanying drawings embodying my invention, they consist of two parts, or
branches, represented separately in Figs. 2 and 3, by the letters x. y. connected in
the centre by the joint or pivoting axis z: the edges at the upper part of the
branches are bent inwards so as to form two small recesses sufficiently deep,
wherein to secure and contain the ends of a spiral spring, these bent edges are
continued towards the lower part forming a rim of U section, vide Fig. 4,
diminishing as it advances and converges towards a¹, y¹. The branch y, at the
articulation of the two branches at z, is recessed for the reception at this point of the
branch x, vide Fig. 5, starting from x¹, y¹ the edges are raised towards the outside,
and at this part the two branches leave an aperture B, which grips the line or cord
on which the articles are suspended. Externally the lower parts terminates in cups,
the edges of which are bent outwards from the inside vide Fig. 6, the base or
bottom of which cups may be striated, or furnished with india rubber washers or
rings to increase the adhesive power and more firmly hold the object gripped. All
the parts are made as strong and rigid as possible, the branches are very light and
last twice as long as the wooden clips and are much neater and cleaner.
They can be made with a swing press, but it is more economical to manufacture
them with the machine herein described, which performs all the operations required
successively which can only be effected separately with the press.
Fig. 7 is a lateral elevation of a machine of this description, seen from the side
of the metal distributing mechanism. Figs. 8 and 9 are vertical sections made
following the lines 1-2, 3-4 of Fig. 10 which latter figure is a horizontal section
through the line 5-6 of Fig. 9. Fig. 11. is an end view of the machine.
The cast iron frame a, is of any convenient form and dimensions for supporting
the three parallel shafts b. c. d. and containing the various working parts
particularly the two carriages f and g. one bearing the cutter, and the other the
stamper or punch. The shaft b, is the driving shaft, and for this purpose is
furnished with pulleys 61, 6%, and flywheels 63 63 and pinions 6 6 which govern
the toothed wheels c¹, c¹ which bear the succeeding shaft c. this shaft by means of
the toothed wheel c³, and intermediate wheel e, actuates the cogwheel of the
third shaft d, at the other end of which is loosely mounted the ratchet wheel d³,

page_text: and the cog wheel d³, solid with each other. The cog wheel d³, communicates with
a pinion h, which in its motion draws with it a wheel h¹, placed in such a manner
that it governs two pinions i, and j, each transmitting motion respectively to two
pinions of equal diameter i¹.
The two couples of toothed wheels i, ¹ j. j¹ govern the feed cylinders or
rollers k. kl. between which the band or plate of metal moves which is to be
stamped.
The ratchet dat each turn of the shaft d, advances one tooth by aid of the
click m, mounted on an oscillating lever m¹ which is subject to the action of the
spring m³, and cam m³ of the shaft & Fig. 7. A lever n, admits of stopping the
lever m¹ and click m, by drawing it by means of the jointed shaft n¹, this lever is
situated at the points A or M, of the sector S, according to whether the machine is
at work or rest. Between the sides of the frame two carriages f. g Figs. 7. 8. 9. 10.
are placed side by side, guided as required so that they can be displaced in a
horizontal and rectilinear manner. Alternate rectilinear displacement is commu-
nicated to them by two cams f¹ gl keyed to the shaft c and acts on the carriages
between the rollers ƒ ƒ³ g² g² loosely mounted on the transverse axes of these
sliding pieces.
Near the shaft d, the carriages f. g. are armed, the first with a cutting tool o
Fig. 10. and the other with a stamper p. Matrices o¹ p¹ are fixed to the frame so
that each one exactly corresponds with the punches o. p that is to say that the
plate which is cut by the tool o, (in one or other of the forms shewn by Fig. 7
and 7) is forced into the mould o¹.
Both the stamper p, and mould p¹, are of the form it is intended that the plate
shall bear, at a single blow. In front of the tool o, and mould o' and on the shaft d,
a cam g is fixed which governs the backward and forward motion of a kind of
shuttle q whose function is to seize the cut plate and bear it to the stamper. In the
mould two springs or expellers are placed r. r. and cams whose object is to cut
off the article stamped and drive it from the mould as soon as the stamper ? passes to
the rear.
At the end of this retiring motion whilst the carriage g, is still backing, a
driver forces the cut piece to fall from the mould whence it is conveyed to any
suitable receptacle. Before leaving the mould the branches are pierced with the
central apertures by which they are united, for this purpose a punch comprising a
support & Fig. 9. bearing a tool holder t, which turns and slides in it vertically, a
kind of arm & articulated at 82 to the support acts on the tool holder t, by means
of the spring u. The bit t¹ terminating the shaft t plays in a vertical aperture of
the mould p, it is raised or lowered by the combined action of the spring u. and
cam v, of the shaft d.
Rapid rotation is communicated to the bit or drill by the flywheel b³, which by
means of a cord or strap w, transmits motion to a small pulley t³, with which the
tool holder t, ia furnished.
To feed the machine continuously the bands or plates of metal are first cut the
size required, of uniform length, so that the periodical effect of the tooth of the
ratchet d² is regularly produced.
The band or sheet of metal is started and urged forward as follows:-The gear
lever n, of the advance movement is placed at stop, marked on the sector S. then
the driving belt is slipped on to the fixed pulley b', the whole machine is then set
in motion excepting the advance motion vide Fig. 10.
For the clearer comprehension of what follows, the ratchet d² which governs the
advance has one tooth longer than any of the others by half so as to make a greater
course at the beginning and at the end of the band of metal, so as to avoid false
cuts, which further on would hinder the action of the machine and cause it to be
stopped.
The stroke of the click is fixed for this particular tooth, as when the teeth are
equally divided, one only at a time can be acted on as time is-lost equal to tooth.
The lever n. being still at stop by means of the crank handle d fixed on the cog
wheel d³, all the gear work is put to starting Mon sector S Fig. 7. care being taken

page_text: that the periodical tooth of the ratchet shall have a number of teeth in its rear,
this latter then attacks this tooth at the moment that the end of the band of metal
is in proximity with the cutting tool or punch o, and should take a longer course
so that it is sure that the first blow falls full in the mould. Fig. 12 shows a band
of metal B, cut in a normal manner with the extreme edge B₁ larger than the
divisions B remaining after the plates are removed.
As the number of the teeth of the ratchet d³, correspond with the total number
of the plates to be cut from a band the same phase occurs at the end as at
the beginning. In commencing work the band B, is introduced between the
rollers K. K Fig. 8. and the lever is placed opposite the starting mark M. on the
sector S Fig. 7.
The carriage cutter f, actuated by the cam f Fig. 8 by means of the cutting
tool o Fig. 10: cuts one of the plates shown by the Figs. 13 or 14 according to the
cutters and matrices selected, whether for cutting the branch x, Fig. 2 or the
branch y Fig. 3. The punch or cutting tool o having pierced the metal band,
engages in the mould o', pushing forward the cut plate to the end of its course,
which plate the shuttle q¹ quickly conducts to a groove to bring it immediately in
front of the stamping mould p¹. Whilst this takes place the carriage f returns
quickly to the rear for.a fresh advance of the mould.
As soon as the plate reaches this point and is in front of the mould or matrix p',
the carriage g, advances by the action of the cam g', its punch p₁ stamps the metal
into the mould. At the same time the shuttle q¹ recedes quickly to sieze the next
plate.
The carriage g, having reached the end of its course, it remains a nioment whilst
the perforator t. t¹ Fig. 9. animated with a very rapid rotary motion pierces the
stamped metal without any chips, and immediately rises, the stamped metal adheres
a little to the sides of the matrix p¹, but the expellers . r Fig. 10 cut off the piece
and compel it to follow the punch p, as it retires: as it is leaving the mould a driver
catches it in its passage and forces it to fall. The carriage continues to recede and
the expellers r. r. urged by their springs completely lodge themselves in their
recess.
The two branches thus stamped in their respective moulds and then united by
hand by inserting one within the other and putting the axis z Fig. 1. or pivot in
its place, and all that then remains to be done is to mount the spring x in the
upper cavities.
Instead of connecting the two branches x, y, by fitting one within the other which
necessitates having a special mould for each, as they are dissimilar they can be
united by overlapping edges ( vide Fig. 14. the branches then being both iden-
tical, at the same time form the aperture B, and a single mould suffices for both.
A small wedge is inserted in the articulations to keep the edges apart. The ends
of the branches composing the jaws of the clip having the edges bent outwards,
whilst all the other parts have their edges bent inwards necessitated first cutting
the plate, and then stamping it. This can be simplified by leaving the edges of
the joints starting from a¹, yl as seen Figs. 15. 16 this allows of cutting and
stamping at one and the same time.
The machine then only needs one carriage for cutting, punching, and stamping:
removal of the plate is avoided, but piercing, freeing and urging the plate forward
remain as herein before described.
In suspending journals or periodicals, it may be necessary to nip the suspending
cord at the same time as the paper, in this case the model shown Fig. 16 is adopted,
which bas an aperture B¹ at the flat end of one of its branches, but smaller than
the one B, so that it embraces the cord whilst the other flat end firmly locks the
journal or other object against the other branch..
It may be required to hang the clip by a book to a cord, line or, rod; in this case
the clip shewn Fig. 15 is employed, in manufacturing which one of the branches is
made longer, so that it can be bent in form of a hook x.
1

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that
what I claim is,
1. The novel application of zinc or other metal in the manufacture of clips by
stamping them, such clips being intended for hanging up various articles such as
journals, pictures, prints, clothing, linen and analogous articles.
2. In applying the methods of stamping herein explained for the manufacture
of the clips.
3. The method of construction of such clips, and turning up their edges so as
to make them as represented by Figs. 1 to 6 and 12 to 15 and to be as light as
possible.
4. The method of constructing the machine for the manufacture of the clips,
especially remarkable for the carriages bearing the cutting tools punches, stampers,
and matrices, in conjunction with the drawing and deliving mechanism of the
metal bands, as well as the perforators of the branches when stamped, and in the
general details of construction of the various parts forming the apparatus, in the
Inanner and for the purposes herein described and as illustrated by the accompanying
drawings.