Improvements in the Manufacture of Artificial Fuel, Utilizing Sewage therein.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 10th July, 1891
Complete Specification Left, 29th Mar., 1892-Accepted, 30th Apr., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Artificial Fuel, Utilizing
Sewage therein.
I, ALERED ORLANDO JONES, of Cardigan Villa, North Park Road, Harrow-
gate, in the County of York, Doctor of Medicine do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to improvements in the manufacture of artificial fuel
composed in part of sewage which is thus utilized. The sewage first has removed
from it foreign bodies such as paper pieces of wood and the like liable to interfere
with the successful carrying out of the subsequent operations heroinafter men-
tioned. This may be done by causing the sewage to flow through one or more
fixed or rotary sieves or cages of reticulated or perforated material the openings in
which are for example of an inch in diameter or of an inch square or there-
about. The sewage is then treated to separate the solid portion thereof from the
liquid. For this purpose it may be first treated by precipitation and then by
filtration. The filtration may be advantageously effected by a filtering bed
composed of peat, peat-moss, burnt clay, brick dust, garden mould forest mould or
marsh mould or a mixture of two or more of these in order to fix the ammonia,
sulphuretted hydrogen and other gases present in the liquid passing through the
filter. If necessary, the effluent is further filtered, it may be through land where
the same is available, until it is sufficiently pure to be discharged into a stream.or
water course.
The sewage sludge or deposit. obtained as above and retained by the filter is then
removed therefrom and intimately mixed with smudge or coal dust and with
material or materials that will disinfect the sludge and fix its volatile constituents.
Virgin mould or mould mixed with sifted town's refuse burnt clay or inud removed
from a river bed and dried or partially dried are suitable for this purpose. The
mixture is moulded into blocks or briquettes with or without the addition of a
binding agent such as pitch, resin, blue gum or red gum. In some cases, as for
example when the fuel is intended for domestic purposes, carbolic acid may be
added to the above mixture with the object of completely disinfecting the mass
and destroying any injurious germs it may contain.
The various substances selected are intimately mixed in a pulverized condition,
and when the mixture contains a binding agent such as pitch, that requires. to be
softened by heat, the mixture is either placed in a vessel heated externally, or hot
air or steam is introduced into the mixture until the binding agent is sufficiently
softened. When the sewage sludge is in a sufficiently moist state, the use of. a
binding agent such as pitch can be dispensed with.
When the substances are intimately mixed the mixture is formed into blocks or
briquettes in a moulding machine of any kind suitable for the manufacture of blocks
of artificial fuel.
As will be obvious. the proportions of the several substances can be greatly
varied according to the condition of the substances and to where the artificial fuo!
is to be burned.
Blocks or briquettes of artificial fuel according to this invention may be coated
with a mixture of the following substances viz. :-Carbolic acid, clay, pitch, resin,.
or gum, mould and smudge with or without, sludge. The filter bed used for
filtering the liquid sewage cau, when fully impregnated with sewage matter, he
broken up and intimately mixed with smudge and formed into blocks of artificial
fuel.
In places where seaweed. Deat or peat moss exist in large quantity the samɔ caŋ

page_text: be utilized in conjunction with sewage sludge, and smudge and with or without
addition of pitch for the production of blocks or briquettes of artificial fuel. The
seaweed peat or peat moss before admixture with the other substances must be
cut up into small pieces; this may be done in any suitable machine as for example.
a chaff cutter.
Dated this 10th day of July 1891
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Artificial Fuel, Utilizing.
Sewage therein.
I, ALFRED ORLANDO JONES, of Cardigan Villa, North Park Road, Harrowgate,
in the County of York, Doctor of Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has reference to improvements in the manufacture of artificial
fuel composed in part of sewage which is thus utilized.
The sewage first has removed from it foreign bodies such as paper, pieces of
wood and the like liable to interfere with the successful carrying out of the
subsequent operations hereinafter mentioned. This may be done by causing the
sewage to flow through one or more fixed or rotary sieves or cages of reticulated
or perforated material the openings in which are for example of an inch in
diameter or of an inch square or thereabout. The sewage is then treated to
separate the solid portion thereof from the liquid. For this purpose it may be first
treated by precipitation and then by filtration; or by filtration without precipi-
tation. The filtration may be advantageously effected by a filtering bed composed
of peat, peat moss, burnt clay, brick dust, garden mould, forest mould or marsh
mould, or a mixture of two or more of these in order to fix the ammonia, sulphu-
retted hydrogen and other gases present in the liquid passing through the filter.
If necessary, the effluent is further filtered, it may be through land where the same
is available, until it is sufficiently pure to be discharged into a stream or water
course.
The sewage sludge or deposit obtained as above and retained by the filter, is
then removed therefrom and intimately mixed with smudge or other waste com-
bustible material such as coal pit refuse (hereinafter included in the term smudge)
with material or materials that will disinfect the sludge and fix its volatile con-
stituents; virgin mould or mould mixed with sifted town's refuse, burnt clay, or
mud removed from a river bed and dried or partially dried are suitable for this
purpose. The mixture is moulded into blocks or briquettes, with or without the
addition of a binding agent such as pitch, resin, blue gum, red gum, asphalt or the
tarry waste product obtained by the purification of water gas and producer gas.
In some cases, as for example when the fuel is intended for domestic purposes,
carbolic acid may be added to the above mixture with the object of completely
disinfecting the mass and destroying any injurious germs it may contain.
The various substances selected are intimately mixed in a pulverised condition,
and when the mixture contains a binding agent such as pitch, that requires to be
softened by heat, the mixture is either placed in a vessel heated externally, or hot
air or steam is introduced into the mixture until the binding agent is sufficiently
softened. When the sewage sludge is in a sufficiently moist state, the use of a
binding agent such as referred to can be dispensed with.
When the substances are intimately mixed, the mixture is formed into blocks or
briquettes in a moulding machine of any kind suitable for the manufacture of blocks
of artificial fuel.

page_text: As will be obvious the proportions of the several substances can be greatly
varied according to the condition of the substances and to where the artificial fuel
is to be burned.
The following are examples of suitable proportions by weight for an artificial
fuel for industrial purposes.

page_text: Blocks or briquettes of artificial fuel according to this invention may in order
that they may be safely used for household purposes, or stored, be coated with a
mixture of the following substances_viz.

page_text: The filter bed used for filtering the liquid sewage, can, when fully impregnated
with sewage matter, be broken up and intimately mixed with smudge and formed
into blocks of artificial fuel: In places where seaweed, peat or peat moss exists in
large quantity, the same can be utilized in conjunction with sewage sludge and
smudge, and with or without addition of pitch for the production of blocks or
briquettes of artificial fuel: The seaweed peat or peat moss before admixture with
the other substances must be cut up into small pieces; this may be done in any
suitable machine as for example a chaff cutter.
'
.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
The hereinabove described improved manufacture of coated or uncoated blocks.
or briquettes of artificial fuel containing sewage sludge refuse combustible material
and a disinfecting substance or substances, as set forth with reference.to the severnl
examples indicated.
T
1000
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per F. J. Brougham,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.