Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Apr., 1886.
Complete Left, 20th Jan., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 4th Mar., 1887.
We, THOMAS FRIEDRICH VICTOR CARL OTTO, and Dr. C. OTTO AND COMPANY, all
of Dalhausen an der Ruhr, Engineers and Firebrick Manufacturers, and the HIBERNIA
AND SHAMROCK MINING COMPANY, of Herne, Colliery Proprietors and Coke Manu-
facturers, all in the Province of Westphalia, in the Empire of Germany, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
Ordinary horizontal coke ovens have two doors; the beehive ovens only one; through
this door the oven is emptied and charged, if no provision for charging from the top
is made.
The object of the present invention relates to working beehive ovens and obtaining
the bye-products. This object is attained by heating the air for combustion by
connecting the beehive ovens with air heating apparatuses. The latter may be single
(sheet I and III.) or double chambered (sheet IV). When single chambered heating
apparatuses are used at least two outlets or main flues must be provided for the
products of combustion of the coke ovens, by which they may be carried from the
surroundings of the combustion chamber into the chimney. These main outlet flues
may be formed into single chambered air-heating apparatuses (as shown on sheet I)
or the single chambered air-heating apparatuses may be connected with the main outlet
flues (as shown on sheet III).
On sheet I. is shown, in Figures 1.-4., a combination of beehive ovens with
the single chambered air heating apparatuses, which are called after Siemens'
regenerators.
In the case shown in these figures the single chambered air-heating apparatuses R.
and R' are placed in those parts of the principal waste heat flues, which are situated
between the coking chambers V. These single chambered air-heating apparatuses
may however also be placed in those parts of the waste-heat flues which are situated
between the group of coke ovens and the chimney S.
The regenerators may also go down in the masonry between the coke ovens to the
bottom of the coke ovens, or beneath them. On sheet I. Figure 2. is shown a vertical
section through a group of beehive ovens and V designates two of the coking chambers
of this group, R and R the air heating apparatuses, Ga. the gas outlets at the top of

page_text: the coking chambers V., G A. the gas outlet mains which lead to the condenser,
G. R. and G R are the gas return conduits, from which the gases pass through
the gas entrances g..and g¹ into the bottom flues of the coking chambers V.
The air enters the air heating apparatus R. or R¹ through the reversing-valve
(shown in Figure 4) and passes according to the position of the valve, through the
air-heating apparatus R. or R and the, air inlets 7. or l' into the bottom flues of the
coking chambers V.
The position of the reversing valve for the air, and the corresponding arrangement
for the gas, are so shown, that gas and air pass into the surrounding of the coking
chambers, either through g. and 1. or through g¹ and l¹.
Figure 3. shows a longitudinal section through the single chambered air heating
apparatus R. with the canal K. underneath it in which are arranged the openings 1.
and serving alternately as air outlets and waste heat inlets.
The passages leading to these openings 1. and are arranged between every two
coking chambers V. in such a manner, that each of the passages serves always as
air-inlet or waste heat outlet to two coking chambers.
For the corner oven a passage 1. or 1 must be specially provided.
The mode of working is as follows:-
When the gas is taken to the bottom flues of the coking chambers V. through the
gas return inain G. R. and the conduits g. then the position of the reversing-valve
being as shown in Figure 4; the air enters the air-heating apparatus R., and through
the passage 1. passes into the bottom flues of the coking chambers. The combustion
takes place where the gas and air meet.
to R¹
The products of combustion are carried through the bottom flues, through
and through the shaft a to the chimney S. If the valve in Figure 4. and the clack
valve in the gas return main are reversed, the entry of gas and air into the bottom flues
takes place through g₁ and l¹ and the discharge of the waste heat through g. and 1.
The draught is regulated by means of slides s. placed on each side of the coking
chamber V.
The walls of the bottom flues under the ovens which support the bottom plates of
the coking chambers, may be executed as shown on sheet II. Figures 3.-8. inclusive.
On sheet II. is shown in Figure 1. an arrangement of the air heating apparatus
above, and in Figure 2. below, the coking chambers V. The pipes or passages A.
serve, when starting the ovens, as gas outlets, and for the direct heating of the air
heating apparatuses, and are in some suitable manner closed, bricked up or dis-
connected, as soon as the gases are required to pass through the condenser.
An example of the employment of other kinds of single chambered air heating
apparatus, outside the coke ovens, is shown on sheet III. Figures 1 to 4.
For the several parts of this arrangement the same letters are used as on Sheet II.,
so that the drawing is intelligible from the above description.
The air-heating apparatuses Rand R' may serve for several groups of coke ovens ; in
this case the main waste heat or air-inlet canals lying below are common to the
corresponding groups, and must therefore be connected underneath the ovens.
The change of draught, necessary for the single chambered air-heating apparatuses
in this combination with the beehive ovens may be effected not only by the reversing
valve shown on sheets I. and III Figure 4, but also by means of slides, and may be so
arranged that the direction of the draught remains always the same.
When double chambered air-heating apparatuses are employed one canal suffices,
through which the products of combustion pass from the surroundings of the coking
chambers V. into the chimney S.
On sheet IV are shown the double-chambered air-heating apparatuses between the
groups of ovens and the chimney S, the latter standing outside the group.
The waste heat passes in this arrangement (sheet IV Figure 2) from the bottom
flues of the ovens through the passages a. into the canal K. and the air heating
apparatus R. and thence through the canal a¹ into the chimney S.
The air to be heated for combustion enters, through the opening ..(Sheet IV

page_text: Figure 1) the passages (Figures 1 and 5) thence through the upright shafts 12 it
passes into the passages through which it flows into the air distributing chamber L.
}}
These air-chambers L. are placed in the lower part of the shell of the beehive
ovens, between them and the smoke flue K (as shown in Figures 2. and 3).
A similar position, but in the upper part of the shell, between the beehive ovens, is
given to the air-chambers L. in Figure 6. On the other hand in Figure 7. an air
chamber L. is placed under each row of beehive ovens.
The heated air passes from the air-chamber L. through the openings into the
bottom flues of the coking chamber V.
The air-chambers L may also be replaced by air pipes, which lying for instance
parallel to the gas pipes G. R. carry the air from the passages 13 to the ovens, where
the hot air may enter anyhow, at the sides of, above or below the gas.
One double chambered air heating apparatus R. may serve for several groups of
coke-ovens.
In this case similar arrangements for the waste heat flues have to be made as
described above for the arrangements on sheet III.
The working of beehive ovens, combined with such double chambered air-heating
apparatuses, is effected conformably with the construction of the latter, without return
of draught, and as described, in such a way that through one of the chambers of the
air heating apparatus waste heat is always passing and through the other the air, which
is to be heated.
For the better preservation of the heat in the oven, two doors, one before the other,
may be employed instead of one. The inner and the outer door may either or both
consist of firebricks placed one on the other.
The dispositions of beehive ovens with air-heating apparatuses, as shown in the
drawings, may be modified according to local necessities and conditions as hereinafter
described.
The beehive ovens may be arranged in one row. The course of the products of
combustion from the coke ovens to the chimney may be underneath, in front, at the
side of, or above the ovens or at several of these places, and single or double
chambered air heating apparatuses may be placed inside, beside or above them in a
similar manner to the examples shown on the drawings.
To reduce or increase the velocity and consequently the quantity of the waste heat
or air, passing through the heating apparatus, draught or pressure may be used. For
this purpose chimneys, ventilators, Roots' blowers exhausters, blowing engines or
analogous contrivances may be employed, either each by itself or two or more in
combination.
The arrangements for the reduction or increase of the velocity of the draught, of
the pressure, therefore of the quantity of air, may be placed between the coke ovens
and the heating apparatuses, or between the latter and the chimney, or at several
places. To regulate the velocity, therefore the quantity, of the air or waste heat
passing through the heating apparatuses according to requirements, clack valves,
valves or similar contrivances are placed in the conduits or passages. The return
draught may be effected, where it must be applied, by Siemens' or other reversing
valves, by ordinary valves, by cup-valves, by slides or similar arrangements, and these
may be moved by hand or by any suitable mechanical contrivance.
The gas coming from the condenser, or if necessary, also from the generators, and
the air for combustion, which has been brought to a high temperature in the air
heating apparatuses, may be regulated in quantity and introduced and burnt in the
Alues passages or shafts, which form the surroundings of the coke ovens, in one or
more places, together or singly by any contrivance at the several places.
VAUGHAN & SON,
Agents for the Applicants.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Coke Ovens.
We, THOMAS FRIEDRICH VICTOR CARL OTTO, and Dr. C. OTTO AND COMPANY,
all of Dalhausen an der Ruhr, Engineers and Firebrick Manufacturers, and the
HIBERNIA AND SHAMROCK MINING COMPANY, of Herne, Colliery Proprietors and Coke
Manufacturers, all in the Province of Westphalia, in the Empire of Germany, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
Ordinary horizontal coke ovens have two doors, the beehive ovens only one;
through this door the oven is emptied and charged, unless provision for charging from
the top is made.
Reference is hereinafter made to the drawings accompanying the provisional
specification of this application.
The object of the present invention relates to working bechive ovens and obtaining
the byc products. This object is attained by heating the air for combustion by
connecting the beehive ovens with air heating apparatuses. The latter may be single
(sheets I. and III.) or double chambered (sheet IV). When single chambered heating
apparatuses are used at least two outlets or main flues must be provided for the
products of combustion of the coke ovens, by which they may be carried from the
combustion flues of the combustion chamber into the chimney. These main outlet
flues may be formed into single chambered air heating apparatuses (as shown on
sheet 1) or the single-chambered air-heating apparatuses may be connected with the
main outlet flues (as shown on sheet. III.).
On sheet I. is shown, in Figures 1-4., a combination of beehive ovens with the
single chambered air heating apparatuses, which are of similar construction to
Siemens regenerators.
In the case shown in these Figures the single chambered air-heating apparatuses R.
and R' are placed in those parts of the principal waste heat flues, which are situated
between the coking chambers V. These single chambered air heating apparatuses
may however also be placed in those parts of the waste heat flues which are situated
between the group of coke ovens and the chimney S.
The regenerators may also go down in the masonry between the coke ovens to the
bottom or beneath the same. On sheet I. Figure 2. is shown a vertical section
through a group of beehive ovens, and V. designates two of the coking chambers of
this group, R. and I the air heating apparatuses, Ga. the gas outlets at the top of
the coking chambers V., G. A. the gas outlet mains which lead to the condenser,
G. R. and GR are the gas return conduits, from which the gases pass through the
gas entrances g. and g into the bottom flues of the coking chambers V.
The air enters the air heating apparatus R. or R through the reversing valve
(shown in Figure 4). and passes, according to the position of the valve, through the

page_text: air heating apparatus R. or R' and the air inlets 1. or into the bottom flues of the
coking chambers V.
The position of the reversing valve for the air, and the corresponding arrangement
for the gas, are so shown, that gas and air pass into the combustion flues of the coking
chambers, either through g. and l. or through g' and '.
Figure 3. shows a longitudinal section through the single chambered air heating
apparatus R. with the canal K. underneath it, in which are arranged the openings ?.
and serving alternately as air outlets and waste heat inlets.
The passages leading to these openings l. and are arranged between every two
coking chambers V. in such a manner, that each of the passages serves always as
air-inlet or waste heat outlet to two coking chambers.
For the corner oven a passage l. or must be specially provided.
The mode of working is as follows:-
When the gas is taken to the bottom flues of the coking chambers V. through the
gas return main G. R. and the conduits g., then, the position of the reversing-valve
being as shown in Figure 4, the air enters the air heating apparatus R, and through
the passage . passes into the bottom flues of the coking chambers. The combustion
commences where the gas and air meet.
The products of combustion are carried through the bottom flues, through to R¹
and through the shaft a. to the chimney S. If the valve in Figure 4. and the clack
valve in the gas return main are reversed, the entry of gas and air into the bottom
flues takes place through gland and the discharge of the waste heat through g.
and . The draught is regulated by means of slides s. placed on each side of the coking
chamber V.
The walls of the bottom flues under the ovens which support the bottom plates of
the coking chambers may be executed as shown on sheet II. Figures 3-8. inclusive.
On sheet II. is shown in Figure 1. an arrangement of the air heating apparatus above,
and in Figure 2. below, the coking chambers V. The pipes or passages A. serve,
when starting the ovens, as gas outlets, and for the direct heating of the air heating
apparatuses, and are, in some suitable manner, closed, bricked up or disconnected as
soon as the gases are required to pass through the condenser.
An example of the employment of other kinds of single chambered air heating
apparatuses, outside the coke ovens, is shown on sheet III. Figures 1. to 4.
For the several parts of this arrangement the same letters are used as on sheet II.,
so that the drawing is intelligible from the above description.
The air heating apparatuses R. and R₁ may serve for several groups of coke ovens ;
in this case, the main waste heat or air-inlet canals lying below are common to the
corresponding groups, and must therefore be connected underneath the ovens.
The change of draught necessary for the single chambered air-heating apparatuses
in this combination with the beehive ovens may be effected not only by the reversing
valve shown on sheets I. and III. Figure 4, but also by means of slides, and may be
so arranged that the direction of the draught remains always the same.
When double chambered air heating apparatuses are employed one canal suffices
through which the products of combustion pass from the combustion flues of the
coking chambers V. into the chimney S.
On sheet IV. are shown the double chambered air heating apparatuses between the
groups of ovens and the chimney S., the latter standing outside the group.
The waste heat passes in this arrangement (sheet IV Figure 2) from the bottom
flues of the ovens through the passages a. into the canal K. and the air-heating
apparatus R. and thence through the canal a' into the chimney S.
The air to be heated for combustion enters through the opening 1. (sheet IV.
Figure 1.) the passages (Figures 1. and 5. thence through the upright shafts /
it passes into the passages through which it flows into the air-distributing
chambers L.
These air chambers L. are placed in the lower part of the shell of the beehive ovens,
between them and the smoke flue K. as shown in Figures 2. and 3.
A similar position, but in the upper part of the shell, between the beehive ovens, is

page_text: On the other hand in Figure 7. an air
given to the air chambers L. in Figure 6.
chamber L. is placed under each row of beehive ovens.
The heated air passes from the air chambers L. through the openings
bottom flues of the coking chamber V.
into the
The air-chambers L. may also be replaced by air pipes, which lying for instance
parallel to the gas pipes G. R. carry the air from the passages 13 to the ovens, where
the hot air may enter anyhow, at the sides of, above, or below, the gas.
One double chambered air-heating apparatus R. may serve for several groups of
coke ovens.
In this case similar arrangements for the waste heat flues have to be made as
described above for the arrangements on sheet III.
The working of beehive ovens combined with such double chambered air-heating
apparatuses, is effected conformably with the construction of the latter, without return
of draught, and, as described, in such a way that through one of the chambers of the
air-heating apparatus waste heat is always passing and through the other the air,
which is to be heated.
For the better preservation of the heat in the oven, two doors, one before the other,
are, in some cases, employed instead of one. The inner and the outer door may either
or both, consist of firebricks placed one on the other.
The dispositions of beehive ovens with air-heating apparatuses as shown in the
drawings may be modified according to local necessities and conditions as hereinafter
described.
The beehive ovens may be arranged in one row. The course of the products of
combustion from the coke ovens to the chimney may be underneath, in front, at the
side of, or, above, the ovens, or, at several of these places, and single or double
chambered air-heating apparatuses may be placed inside, beside, or above, thom in a
similar manner to the examples shown in the drawings.
To reduce or increase the velocity, and consequently the quantity, of the waste heat
or air, passing through the heating apparatus, draught or pressure may be used. For
this purpose chimneys, ventilators, Roots blowers, exhausters, blowing engines or
analogous contrivances may be employed, either cach by itself or two or more in
combination.
The arrangements for the reduction or increase of the velocity of the draught of
the pressure and thereby of the quantity of air, may be placed between the coke ovens
and the heating apparatuses or between the latter and the chimney, or, at several
places. To regulate the velocity and thereby the quantity, of the air or waste heat
passing through the heating apparatuses according to requirements, clack valves,
valves or similar contrivances are placed in the conduits or passages. The return
draught may be effected, where it must be applied, by Siemens or other reversing
valves, by ordinary valves, by cup valves, by slides or similar arrangements, and these
may be moved by hand or by any suitable mechanical contrivance.
The gas coming from the condenser, or, if necessary, from the generators and the
air for combustion which has been brought to a high temperature in the air-heating
apparatuses, may be regulated in quantity and introduced and burnt in the flues,
passages or shafts which form the combustion flues of the coke ovens, in one or more
places, together or singly by any contrivance at the several places.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we claim is :-
First. The method of working the beehive coke ovens with return-draught, by
connecting them to single chambered air-heating apparatuses R. R¹ which are placed
either inside the outer walls (above, below, beside, behind, or between, the coking
chambers V.), or entirely outside the outer walls, and through which pass alternately
the air to be heated for the combustion and the waste heat as shown on Sheet I.
Figures 1.-4., Sheet II. Figures 1. and 2., Sheet III. Figures 1. and 2. of the
drawings referred to, and substantially as hereinbefore described.
Secondly. In the combination of beehive coke ovens with single chambered air

page_text: heating apparatuses, the arrangement of canals 1. and 12 (sheet 1. Figure 1) between
every two coking chambers V. in such a manner, that one of these canals serves as an
air-inlet or waste heat outlet, substantially as herein before described.
Thirdly. The method of working the bechive coke ovens without return draught, by
connecting them to double chambered air heating apparatuses which are placed either
inside the outer walls (above, under, beside, behind, or between, the coking chambers V.)
or entirely outside the outer wall of the coke ovens in such a way that the waste heat
passes through the canals a. K, R. or part of them, to the chimney whilst the air to
be heated for the combustion, passes through the canals 1. 1111³ L: 1 or parts of
the same, substantially as herein before described.
Fourthly. The arrangement of the bottom flues and of the supports of the bottom
flags of beehive coke ovens, as shown on Sheet I. Figure 2. and on Sheet II. Figures 3
to 8, as hereinbefore described.
And Fifthly. In the combination of beehive coke ovens with single or double
chambered air-heating apparatuses, the arrangement of pipes and canals A. (shown on
Sheet I. Figures 1. and 2, on Sheet II. Figure 1, on Sheet III. Figure 3.) between
the ovens and the waste heat flues or the air-heating apparatuses, which pipes and
canals A. serve as outlets for the gas and for the direct heating of the air-heating
apparatuses, when starting the ovens, and which are closed by any suitable known
means, as soon as the gases are intended to pass through the condenser, substantially
as hereinbefore described.
VAUGHAN & SON,.
Agents for the Applicants.