Improvements in and relating to Pneumatic Tyres.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Aug., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 4th May, 1893-Accepted, 10th June, 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Pneumatic Tyres.
ROBERT EDWARD PHILLIPS M.1.M.E. of 70 Chancery Lane, Holborn, in
the City and County of London, Consulting Engineer & Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of my said invention which has been communicated to me from
abroad by Leopold Holt temporarily residing at Frankfort-on-the-Main, to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of pneumatic
tyres having one or more air tubes or chambers specially adapted to lock or fix the
outer cover or jacket to the rim of the wheel independent of the main air tube used
to inflate the tyre, such improvements being the result of practical experience
since the filing of my application for my prior Patent No. 13076 of 1891 which
inter alia covers the principle of using a supplementary air chamber for locking or
fixing the outer cover or jacket to the rim. By the use of these supplementary air
tube or tubes for locking or fixing the outer cover or jacket to the rim, latitude is
allowed with respect to the inflation of the main air tube so that the tyre may be
adapted to the weight of the rider and to the surface of the road.
In carrying out my invention I use one or two supplementary air tubes according
as the outer cover or jacket is of an approximately tubular form with its edges
meeting, or approximately meeting, at or about the centre of the rim, or as the said
cover or jacket is of an approximately arched-shape having its edges meeting the
rim at or near the edges thereof.
The supplementary air tubes may either take the form of independent tubular
bands, or they may be formed on or attached to either the main air tube or to the
outer cover or jacket in which latter case they are located at or near the edge or
edges thereof. These supplementary air tubes are made of india rubber wrapped
with canvas, or the like, cut on the cross or bias so that when inflated they expand
transversely but contract longitudinally or circumferentially. They are also
provided with any suitable form of valve for inflation and deflation. When two of
these air tubes are used in one tyre they may be connected so as to be inflated and
deflated through one valve, and when they are formed on or fixed to the main air
tube they may be connected therewith by means of a suitable bye-pass valve so
that they may all be inflated at the same time, the pressure being afterwards
reduced or increased in one or other of the air tubes as desired by manipulating the
said valve.
These supplementary air tubes act in a similar manner and are adapted to take
the place of metallic wires and other bands, and of the solid thickened or enlarged
edges used for fixing or attaching the outer covers or jackets of pneumatic tyres to
the rims, while they have none of the disadvantages of such devices, and they are
applicable in all cases where such bands wires and solid thickened or enlarged edges
or their equivalent are or may be used.
Dated this 5th day of August 1892.
ROBT. ED. PHILLIPS, M.I.M.E.,
70, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Pneumatic Tyres.
I, ROBERT EDWARD PHILLIPS M.I.M.E. of 70 Chancery Lane, Holborn, in
the City and County of London, Consulting Engineer & Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention, which has been communicated to me from
abroad by Leopold Holt temporarily residing at Frankfort-on-the-Main, and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement :→
My invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of pneumatic
tyres having one or more tubes or chambers adapted to be inflated with air, gas,
or fluid under pressure for fixing the cover or jacket to the wheel rim indepen-
dent of the main air tube used to inflate the tyre, such improvements being
the result of practical experience since the date of my prior Patent No. 13076
of 1891, which inter alia covers the principle of using a supplementary air tube
or chamber for securing the outer cover or jacket of a pneumatic tyre to the
wheel rim. By the use of these supplementary or auxiliary inflatable tubes or
chambers for securing the outer cover or jacket to the wheel rim, latitude is
allowed with respect to the inflation of the main air tube, so that the tyre
may be inflated to suit the weight of the rider, and the surface of the road.
In carrying out my invention I use one or two auxiliary inflatable tubes
according as the outer cover or jacket is of an approximately tubular form with
its edges meeting, or approximately meeting, at or about the centre of the rim, or
as the said cover or jacket is of an approximately arched-shape in cross section
having its edges meeting the rim at or near the edges thereof.
The auxiliary inflatable tubes may either take the form of independent tubular
bands, or they may be formed on or attached to either the main air tube, or to the
outer cover or jacket, in which latter case they are located at or near the edge or
edges thereof. These supplementary inflatable tubes are made of india rubber
reinforced with canvas, or the like, which is preferably cut on the cross or bias so
that when the tubes are inflated they expand transversely and so contract longi-
tudinally or circumferentially. The tubes are also provided with any suitable
form of valve for inflation and deflation. When two of these tubes are used on one
tyre they may be connected so as to be inflated and deflated through one valve, and
when they are formed on or fixed to the main air tube, they may be connected
therewith by means of a suitable bye-pass valve so that they may all be inflated
at the same time, the pressure being afterwards reduced or increased in one or other
of the tubes as desired by manipulating the said valve.
In the accompanying drawing which illustrates some methods of carrying my
invention into practice :-
Figure 1 Sheet No. 1 is a view in transverse section of a tyre in which a single
auxiliary inflatable tube is used to bind or lock the enlarged edges of the cover or
jacket in a groove in the centre of the rim.
Figures 2 and 3 Sheet No. 1 are views in transverse section showing modifications
of the construction shown by Figure 1.
Figure 4 Sheet No. 1 of the accompanying drawings is a view in transverse
section of a tyre in which one edge of the cover is permanently fixed to the wheel
rim and the other edge is provided with an inflatable tube.
Figures 5, and 6 Sheet No. 1 are views in transverse section of a tyre in which
two auxiliary air tubes are used to secure the edges of the cover or jacket to the
wheel rim.
Figures 7, 8, 9, and 10 Sheet No. 2 illustrate the application of my invention to
known constructions of tyres.
Figures 11 and 12 are views in transverse section of a main air tube having one
or two auxiliary air tubes formed on or fixed to it.

page_text: Throughout the several views of the drawings A indicates the outer cover or
jacket of the tyre, B the wheel rim, C the main air tube for inflating the tyre, and
D the auxiliary air tube or tubes for securing the cover to the wheel rim.
The outer cover or jacket A is made of rubber or rubber compound reinforced
with canvas or cloth in the well-known manner. The wheel rim B may be made
either hollow or solid, the main air tube C is made of rubber only, and the auxiliary
inflatable tube or tubes D are made of rubber reinforced with canvas or the like,
both the tubes C and D being fitted with any suitable form of valve for inflation
and deflation.
In the construction shown by Figures 1, 2, and 3 Sheet No. 1 of the accom-
panying drawings, a single auxiliary inflatable tube is used to bind or lock the
enlarged edges a, a, of the cover A into a dovetail shaped groove b in the wheel
rim B. The auxiliary inflatable tube D may either be loose or independent of the
edges of the cover A as shown by Figure 1, or it may be formed in one edge of
the cover as shown by Figure 2, or it may be fitted in a recess formed in one of the
edges of the cover as shown by Figure 3. In these constructions the inflatable tube
acts by expansion only.
In the construction shown by Figures 4, 5, and 6 Sheet No. 1 of the accom-
panying drawings an auxiliary inflatable tube is formed in one or both edges of
the cover.
In the construction shown by Figure 4 only one edge of the cover is
fitted with an inflatable tube, the other edge of the cover being cemented or other-
wise fixed to the rim. In the construction shown by Figure 5 an inflatable tube D
is formed in each edge a, a, of the cover A, the said enlarged edges fitting in a
groove b in the centre of the rim B. In the construction shown by Figure 6 the
inflatable tubes in the edges a, a, of the cover A are adapted to fit in a flat
bottomed groove in the rim one on each side thereof. In these constructions the
inflatable tubes act to stiffen the enlarged edges of the cover when they are inflated
after being placed in position in the rim, and so prevent the said edges leaving the
rim when the main air tube is inflated.
In the construction-known as the "Clincher"-shown by Figure 7 Sheet No. 2
of the accompanying drawings the edges a, a, of the arched-shape cover A are
securely locked against the overhanging edges of the rim B by means of the
inflatable tubes D, D, preferably formed on or attached to the main air tube C.
In the construction-known as the "Pippet"-shown by Figure 8 Sheet No. 2
of the accompanying drawings the enlarged edges a, a, of the cover A are provided
with inflatable tubes D, D, which on being inflated expand and stiffen and so
prevent them from being disengaged with the rims B, and B.
In the construction shown by Figures 9 and 10 Sheet No. 2 of the accompanying
drawings the inflatable tubes D, D, are used as substituted for metallic or other
bands to lock the enlarged edges a, a, of the cover A into the grooves b, b, in the
wheel rim B.
In the construction shown by Figure 1 Sheet No. 1 of the accompanying
drawings the auxiliary inflatable tube D may be formed on or attached to the main
air tube C as shown by Figure 11 Sheet No. 2 of the accompanying drawings, and
in the construction shown by Figure 7 Sheet No. 2 of the accompanying drawings
the inflatable tubes D, D, may be also formed on or attached to the main air tube C
as shown by Figure 12 Sheet No. 2 of the accompanying drawings, in which case
the two tubes D, D, are preferably connected by a small tube d so that they may
both be inflated through one valve.
By the use of one or more of these auxiliary inflatable tubes for securing the
covers of pneumatic tyres to wheel rims, the main air tube can be inflated to any
desired pressure to suit the weight of the rider or the surface of the road, which is
an impossibility when one air tube is used for the two purposes, as the first
consideration must be to securely attach the cover to the wheel rim which often
requires an internal pressure far too great to give the greatest comfort and speed
to riders of average weight.
I wish it to be particularly understood that I do not limit myself to the

page_text: precise details of construction hereinbefore described and illustrated by the
accompanying drawings, but that I hold myself at liberty to make such changes and
alterations as fairly fall within the spirit and scope of my invention.
I am aware that at the date of my application for Letters Patent it was not
broadly new to use one or more inflatable tubes for securing the cover of a
pneumatic tyre to a wheel rim and I do not therefore claim such broadly as my
invention, but
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. Securing the covers of pneumatic tyres to wheel rims by the use of one or more
auxiliary inflatable tubes substantially as herein before described and illustrated by
the accompanying drawings.
2. In a pneumatic tyre the cover of which is adapted to be secured to the wheel
rim by means of bands, cords or their equivalents, the use of inflatable tubes as
substitutes for the said bands, cords or their equivalents, as set forth.
3. In a pneumatic tyre the cover of which is adapted to be secured to the wheel
rim by means of beads, flanges, enlargements, or their equivalents on its edges, the
use of inflatable tubes to form the said beads, flanges, enlargements, or their
equivalents, as set forth..
4. In a pneumatic tyre the cover of which is adapted to be secured to the wheel
rim by having its edges rendered unstretchable after being placed in position, the
use of inflatable tubes for rendering such edges unstretchable, as set forth.
5. In a pneumatic tyre, the combination with a divided cover or jacket, of a
wheel rim having a central groove of a dovetail shape in cross section adapted to
receive the edges of the cover, of an air tube for inflating the tyre, and of a second
or auxiliary inflatable tube adapted to lock the edges of the cover against the sides
of the groove in the wheel rim to secure the cover thereto independent of the
main air tube, as set forth.
6. In a pneumatic tyre, the combination with a divided cover or jacket having
beaded or enlarged edges, of a wheel rim having a central groove of a dove-tail
shape in cross section adapted to receive the enlarged edges of the cover, of an air
tube for inflating the tyre, and of a second or auxiliary inflatable tube formed in, or
on, or attached to, one edge of the cover and adapted to lock both edges of the
cover against the sides of the groove in the wheel rim to secure the cover or jacket
thereto independent of the main air tube, as set forth.
7. In a pneumatic tyre, the combination with a divided cover or jacket having
one edge cemented or otherwise fixed to the wheel rim and having an auxiliary
inflatable tube formed in, or on, or attached to, the other edge of the cover, of a
wheel rim having a central groove adapted to receive both edges of the cover, and
of an air tube for inflating the tyre, as and for the purpose set forth.
8. In a pneumatic tyred wheel, the combination with a wheel rim, of a divided
cover or jacket having inflatable tubes formed in, or on, or attached to, each edge
and capable on being inflated of stiffening the edges of the cover so that they
cannot be removed from the wheel rim when inflated, and of an air tube for
inflating the tyre, as set forth.
9. In a pneumatic tyred wheel, the combination with a wheel rim having a
central groove, of a divided cover or jacket having inflatable tubes formed in, or
on, or attached to its edges adapted to lie in the groove in the rim and capable on
being inflated of stiffening the edges of the cover so that they cannot be removed
from the said groove, and of an air tube for inflating the tyre, as set forth.
10. In a pneumatic tyre, the combination with the main air tube for inflating the
tyre, of an auxiliary air tube formed oh or attached to the main air tube and
adapted on inflation to secure the edges of the cover to the wheel rim, as set
forth.
11. In a pneumatic tyre, the combination with the main air tube for inflating the

page_text: tyre, of two auxiliary inflatable tubes formed on or attached to the main air tube
and adapted on being inflated to secure the edges of the cover of the tyre to the
wheel rim, as set forth.
12. In a pneumatic tyre, the combination with the main air tube for inflating the
tyre, of two auxiliary inflatable tubes formed on or attached to the main air tube
and connected by a small tube so that both of the said tubes can be inflated
through one valve, as set forth.
13. In a tyre of the construction shown by Figure 7 Sheet No. 2 of the
accompanying drawings, the use of two inflatable tubes for securing the edges of
the cover to the wheel rim independent of the main air tube, as set forth.
14. In a tyre of the construction shown by Figure 8 Sheet No. 2 of the
accompanying drawings, the use of inflatable tubes in the edges of the cover, as
and for the purpose set forth.
15. In a tyre of the construction shown by Figures 9 and 10 Sheet No. 2 of the
accompanying drawings, the use of auxiliary inflatable tubes for securing the edges
of the cover to the wheel rim, as set forth.
Dated this 5th day of May 1893.
ROBT. ED. PHILLIPS, M.I.M.E.,
70, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent.