Improvements in Pneumatic Connection Power Hammers.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Jan., 1894-Accepted, 3rd Mar.,
1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pneumatic Connection Power Hammers.
I, JEAN BÊCHÉ, of Hückeswagen in the Province of the Rhine, Kingdom of
Prussia, German Empire, Engineer and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention refers to pneumatic hammers, in which the hammer-head proper
is formed by a heavy cylinder containing a piston, and in which this latter is
employed for operating said cylinder or hammer head; and my improvements in
such pneumatic hammers relate to means for altering the height of stroke of the
head, and also to means for automatically replacing the air for the upper air-cushion,
if the quantity of the air of this cushion has become a too small one, or has
entirely been supplanted.
In order to make my invention more clear, I refer to the accompanying drawing,
in which similar letters denote similar parts throughout the several views, and
in which:
Fig. 1 is a side view of my improved pneumatic hammer, the cylinder or head
being in section, and being shown in its lowest position, or resting on the anvil ;
Fig. 2 is a front view of the machine; the beam, the worm-wheel and the two
bearings for the shaft holding those two parts being in section';
Fig. 3 is an upper view, partly in section; the section of the frame being taken
on line 7-8 of Fig. 1; the section of the friction-device being taken on line 9-10
of Fig. 6; the parts held by the removed part of the frame being also removed,
together with the piston and the cylinder-cover;
Fig. 4 is a side view of the upper part of the machine the head being lifted.
Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of the piston, partly in section,
Fig. 6 is a front view of the friction-device above mentioned (Fig. 3);
The frame a of the pneumatic hammer (Figs. 1-3) holds on its top the shaft b
in the two bearings a¹ a²; said shaft has an eccentric & carrying the beam c.
This beam may be oscillated from shaft d by means of crank e and connecting-
rod f, and transfers its motion to the piston g within cylinder / by means of
connecting-rod i and piston-rod k.
In order to turn eccentric 6', or, with other words, in order to raise or lower the
beam c by means of said eccentric, the shaft has been provided with a worm-
wheel gearing with a worm m. This latter is firmly connected with a chain-wheel n,
and may be turned from a sleeve o by means of chain-wheel n' and chain p.
Sleeve o is arranged on the eccentric end r¹ of a shaft r.
The left-hand end of shaft d carries a sleeves with two flange-like friction-
disks, the rotations of which latter may be transferred on sleeve
by the
broad, disk-like end-piece o' of said sleeve o, so that by causing contact of disk o¹
with one or the other of the disks s' the worm-wheel I may be turned in one or
the other direction, and the beam may, thus, be raised or lowered, just as required
for a heavier or slighter blow of the hammer head.
and 4;
The differences in the height of the hammer-head caused by another position of
the eccentric & may well be seen from a comparison of the Figures
Fig. 1 showing the eccentric in its middle position, Fig. 4 showing the same in its
highest one.
The interior space of cylinder / communicates with the outer air by means of
two apertures h² connected at the inside of the cylinder by a groove or channel 4*.
The said apertures are situated some distance apart from the bottom and the cover,
so that spaces are formed, in which some air may he kept back and compressed
for forming cushions.

page_text: If, now, the hammer moves with but slow speed, the air contained in space h
could by-and-by escape, as the head then moves with the same velocity as the piston ;
if, thereafter, a greater speed is chosen, a vacuum would arise above the piston,
which, as a matter of course, can be of very injurious effect.
To avoid this, an automatic valve formed by a ball y' (Fig. 5) has been arranged
in the piston, said valve acting in such a manner, that it allows the entrance of air
into said space, but hinders said air from escaping out of that space so that,
therefore, neither a vacuum nor even a rarefaction of air can happen.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a pneumatic hammer, in which the head is formed by a cylinder, and is
moved by a piston arranged therein, the combination with a beam adapted to
transfer the movement of the source of force to said piston, of an axle having an
eccentric, and holding said beam by means of said eccentric, the latter being adapted
to raise or lower said beam, for the purpose as described.
2. In a pneumatic hammer in which the head is formed by a cylinder, and is
moved by a piston arranged therein, the combination with a beam, adapted to
transfer the movement of the source of force to said piston, of an axle having an
eccentric, and holding said beam by means of said eccentric, the latter being adapted
to be turned from the main shaft by chain-gearing and worm-gearing, and being
adapted to raise or lower said beam, for the purpose as described.
3. In a pneumatic hammer in which the head is formed by a cylinder, and is
moved by a piston arranged therein, the combination with a beam (c) adapted to
transfer the movement of the main-shaft (d) to said piston (g), of an axle (b)
having an eccentric (6), and holding said beam (c) by means of said eccentric (6'),
said main-shaft (d) having a sleeve (s) with two friction-wheels (s' s²) adapted to
turn a third friction-wheel (o') situated between them in one or the other direction,
said third friction-wheel (o) being connected with a chain wheel (n'), and a
worm (m) gearing with a worm-wheel (m) on shaft () being connected with a
chain-wheel (n), the latter being driven from wheel (n) by a chain (p), for the
purpose as described.
4. In a pneumatic hammer in which the head is formed by a cylinder, and is
moved by a piston arranged therein, the combination with a beam, adapted to
transfer the movement of the source of force to said piston, of an axle having an
eccentric, and holding said beam by means of said eccentric, the latter being
adapted to raise or lower said bean and piston, to admit air to the space of the
cylinder above the piston, for the purpose as described.
5. In a pneumatic hammer in which the head is formed by a cylinder, and is
moved by a piston arranged therein, the combination with a beam (c) adapted to
transfer the movement of the source of force to said piston, of an axle (6) having
an eccentric (6) and holding said beam (c) by means of said eccentric (¹), the
latter being adapted to raise or lower said beam and piston, the piston containing an
automatic ball-valve (9) adapted to admit air to the space (4) of the cylinder (4)
above the piston, said cylinder (4) having apertures (41 ½³) connected by a
channel (*) said channel being adapted to admit air to the space above the piston
through said automatic ball-valve, for the purpose as described.
Dated this 10th day of January 1801
JEAN BÊCHÉ,
By Robert Deissler,
38, Alexander Strasse, Berlin, C., Germany,
Agent for the Applicant.