IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki, of the Firm of J. Brandt
and G. W. von Nawrocki, Patent Agents, of No. 124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin,
Germany, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS."
cation by Adolph Mueller, of Lenzen-on-the-Elbe, Germany.
A communi-
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von
Nawrocki at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th October
1878.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. von
Nawrocki, Patent Agents, of No. 124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, Germany. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN CHURNS." [A communication by Adolph Mueller, of Lenzen-on-
the-Elbe, Germany.]
This Invention relates to that description of churns in which a series of perforated
blades are attached radially to a revolving axis, so as by their rotation inside a
closed vessel containing the cream to be churned, to produce the necessary churning
action upon the latter. Such blades have heretofore been arranged with the axis
either horizontal, in which case the hole required in the side of the receptacle for
the axis to pass through gives rise to objectionable leakage, or the axis has been
arranged vertical, in which case the blades in revolving horizontally do not exercise
an effective pressure upon the cream, such as is necessary to produce butter quickly
therefrom, as the cream can in this case rotate with the blades without being
squeezed through them.
According to the present Invention the axis with its perforated blades is arranged
in a diagonally inclined position in the receptacle, the lower end being supported in
a suitable bearing at the bottom, while the upper end passes out over the upper
edge of the receptacle, and is supported in a bearing outside. . By this arrangement.
the formation of a hole in the receptacle is avoided, while at the same time, as the
blades rotate in an approximately vertical direction, they. exercise a downward :

page_text: pressure upon the cream, so as to force it to squeeze through the holes of the blades
with the requisite friction for producing butter rapidly.
According to one arrangement of the improved churn the cover is made in two
halves, one of which is fixed by a bolt, while the other can be opened on a hinge
for the introduction and removal of the cream and butter. On the fixed part is
secured a bracket forming the upper bearing for. the axis, which has a bevel pinion
taking into a larger pinion, the axis of. which is also carried by the bracket, and
receives rotary motion by a crank handle. The blades are so formed that two oppo-
site ones form a rectangle, the corners being bevilled off, and in the casing a filling
piece is fitted into the lower corner, close against which the blades pass as they
rotate. At right angles to the blades a diaphragm is fixed on the axis separating
the upper from the lower part of the blades, and preventing the rotation of the
whole body of the cream in the churn by the action of the blades.
According to another arrangement the upper bearing for the axis is formed ou a
bracket independant of the casing and cover, so that the latter can be entirely
removed without interfering with the bearing. The axis is held down in position
either by a screw bearing against its upper end or by a hinged plate, against which
the said end abutts, and which can be turned away when it is desired to remove
the axis.
According to another modification the inner sides of the casing are formed as
steps, and the edges of the blades are stepped in a corresponding manner; the
before-mentioned diaphragm may either be made plain, or it may have serrations
formed on its periphery, or radial fillets fixed at intervals thereon, to assist in the
churning action.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 10th April 1879.
"
IM-
GERARD WENZESIAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. von
Nawrocki, Patent Agents, of No. 124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, Germany.
PROVEMENTS IN CHURNS." A communication by Adolph Mueller, of Lenzen-on-
the-Elbe, Germany.
This Invention relates to that description of churns in which a series of perforated
blades are attached radially to a revolving axis, so as by their rotation inside a
closed vessel containing the cream to be churned to produce the necessary churning
action upon the latter. Such blades have heretofore been arranged with the axis
either horizontal, in which case the hole required in the side of the receptacle for
the axis to pass through gives rise to objectionable leakage, or the axis has been
arranged vertical, in which case the blades in revolving horizontally do not exercise
an effective pressure upon the cream, such as is necessary to produce butter quickly
therefrom, as the cream can in this case rotate with the blades without being
squeezed through them.

page_text: According to the present Invention the axis with its perforated blades is arranged
in a diagonally inclined position in the receptacle, the lower end being supported in
a suitable bearing at the bottom, while the upper end passes out over the upper
edge of the receptacle, and is supported in a bearing outside. By this arrangement
the formation of a hole in the receptacle is avoided, while at the same time, as the
blades rotate in an approximately vertical direction, they exercise a downward
pressure upon the cream, so as to force it to squeeze through the holes of the blades
with the requisite friction for producing butter rapidly.
According to one arrangement of the improved churn the cover is made in two
halves, one of which is fixed by a bolt, while the other can be opened on a hinge
for the introduction and removal of the cream and butter. On the fixed part is
secured a bracket forming the upper bearing for the axis, which has a bevil pinion
taking into a larger pinion, the axis of which is also carried by the bracket, and
receives rotary motion by a crank handle. The blades are so formed that two
opposite ones form a rectangle, the corners being bevilled off, and in the casing a.
filling piece is fitted into the lower corner, close against which the blades pass as
they rotate. At right angles to the blades a diaphragm is fixed on the axis, sepa-
rating the upper from the lower part of the blades, and preventing the rotation of
the whole body of the cream in the churn by the action of the blades.
According to another arrangement the upper bearing for the axis is formed on a
bracket independant of the casing and cover, so that the latter can be entirely
removed without interfering with the bearing. The axis is held down in position
either by a screw bearing against its upper end or by a hinged plate, against which
the said end abuts, and which can be turned away when it is desired to remove
the axis.
According to another modification the inner sides of the casing are formed as
steps, and the edges of the blades are stepped in a corresponding manner. The
before-mentioned diaphragm may either be made plain, or it may have serrations
formed on its periphery, or radial fillets fixed at intervals thereon, to assist in the
churning action.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a half plan; Fig. 2, a vertical section; and Fig. 3, a half sectional plan
on the line a, b, of Fig. 2, shewing one form of churn according to this Invention.
The body of the churn A is of elliptical form, having a cover made in two parts.
The one part B is fixed to the body by bolts a, a, and on it is secured a bracket C,
which forms a bearing for the driving spindle D. The other part F of the cover is
free to be lifted by a handle b. From the spindle D motion is given by bevil
gear g, g', to the inclined axis G, which works in a bearing f at the top, and is
pivotted in a step d at the bottom. On the axis G is fixed the perforated board H,
having a cross diaphragm formed by projecting from it on each side a half-round
board J supported by a bracket H₁ perpendicular to the plane of H. By opening
the half cover F access is given for removing the butter, and by opening also the
other half cover B, the agitator and its shaft can be removed. Figs. 4, 5, and 6 are
views similar to Figs. 1, 2, and 3, shewing a modified form of churn, the body being
in this case circular. The angles of the agitator board are rounded off, as shewn
at i, and a filling block K is fixed at the bottom angle. This block may be merely
hollowed cylindrically, as shewn in the half plan, Fig. 7, or it may have a plain
sloping surface, with a hollowed cylindrical projection, as shewn in the part plan,
Fig. 8, and part section, Fig. 9. According to the modified constructions shewn in
Figs. 10, 11, 12, and 13, the driving gear M is supported on a separate bracket, the
whole cover B being removeable. The upper bearing of the shaft G, Fig. 11, is
arranged as shewn to an enlarged scale in plan and front view at Fig. 14. One
part m is jointed by the bolt n to the other part, and secured by a pin o in position
to hold the end of the spinde G. On taking out the pin o the part m can be lifted
by the handle p leaving the spindle G free to be removed. Otherwise the spindle G

page_text: may, be held in position by a centre screw, as shewn in Fig. 13. The churn may
have toothings b at the bottom and g' at the side, as shewn in Figs. 10 and 11, the
edges of the agitator H and bracket H' being serrated to correspond therewith.
The bottom toothings b extend nearly over the whole width, but the side toothings
g' extend only over a short distance, terminating abruptly. Fig. 15 is a plan
shewing how the body A. of the churn may be secured to the base R by means of
catches and a setting screw 8. Fig. 15ª shews in section another mode of fixing
by a set screw. Figs. 16 and 17 shew to an enlarged scale a front view and section
of one of the bolts a for securing the cover of the churn. Figs. 18 to 25 inclusive
shew various forms of the diaphragm J, having its surface or edge wholly or partially
varied by projections which may be teeth, such as t or y. Fig. 25 shews to an
enlarged scale sections of parts of the diaphragm, with projections of a kind which is
found very advantageous for churning. Figs. 26 to 33 inclusive shew various modi-
fications of the agitator, with holes through it and projections on it arranged and
formed in various ways. It is to be understood however that the projections and
hollows or holes may be varied almost indefinitely without materially affecting the
action of the apparatus, also that the churn may be driven by hand or other con-
venient motor, and its parts may be made of any suitable material, wood being
generally preferable for facility of construction, repair, and cleansing.
Having thus described the nature of this Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, as communicated to me by my correspondent, I claim,—
First. The construction of a churn consisting of a closed vessel, in which agitators
are caused to revolve on a diagonal axis, substantially as and for the purposes herein
set forth.
Second. In a churn of the kind referred to in the preceding claim, the use of
agitators consisting of a perforated board or blade, having its plane parallel to the
axis, and having diaphragm boards or blades projecting from its sides, substantially
as herein described.
Third. In a churn of the kind referred to in the preceding claims, providing
toothings or projections on the faces or edges of the revolving agitators, substantially
as herein described.
Fourth. In a churn of the kind referred to in the preceding claims, providing on
the bottom or side of the vessel toothings or projections corresponding with those
on the edges of the revolving agitators, substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fourth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine.
GERARD WENZESLAUS v. NAWROCKI. (L.S.)