IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC CANDLESTICKS AND EXTINGUISHERS, RUNNERS, AND TOP NOTCHES FOR UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS, CASH BOXES, AND OTHER METALLIC ARTICLES, AND IN TOOLS TO BE USED IN CONNECTION WITH SOME OF THE SAID IMPROVEMENTS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Caddick, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Tool Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC CANDLESTICKS AND EXTINGUISHERS, RUNNERS,
AND TOP NOTCHES FOR UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS, CASH BOXES, AND OTHER
METALLIC ARTICLES, AND IN TOOLS TO BE USED IN CONNECTION WITH SOME OF
THE SAID IMPROVEMENTS."
Sealed the 6th December 1875, and dated the 12th June 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Caddick at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th June 1875.
I, JOSEPH CADDICK, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Tool Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC CANDLESTICKS AND EXTIN-
GUISHERS, RUNNERS, AND TOP NOTCHES FOR UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS, CASH
BOXES, AND OTHER METALLIC ARTICLES, AND IN TOOLS TO BE USED IN. CONNECTION
WITH SOME OF THE SAID IMPROVEMENTS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, first, of the following improvements in making

page_text: certain parts of metallic candlesticks.
I connect the tubular socket or
barrel to the base and to the dish or bottom of the candlestick in the
following ways: Instead of soldering the base on the bottom of the
socket as usual I form a rim or bead around the socket at a short
distance from its end, and I form a groove or depressed part around the
edge of the central hole in the base, which groove or depressed part
constitutes a shoulder, on which the base rests upon the rim or bead on
the socket. The socket, with the base upon it, is fastened to the dish or
bottom of the candlestick by inserting that end of the socket below the
base through a central hole in the dish or bottom and turning back or
closing the said projecting part of the socket around the edge of the
hole on the under side of the said dish. By this means the soldering of
the base to the socket is dispensed with. Or the socket may be secured
to the base and dish in the following manner-I make. a rim or bead a
short distance from the end of the socket having a short cylindrical
picce below the said rim or bead. Having placed the base upon the
said cylindrical piece and against the rim or bead, the said cylindrical
piece is closed upon the base, and the base is thereby fixed to the socket.
To fix this socket and base to the dish or bottom of the candlestick I
raise around the central hole in the said dish and on 'the upper side
thereof a projecting edge or flange of a size proper for the bottom of the
base to fit upon; and secure the socket to the base by soldering the
edge of the base on the socket to the projecting edge or flange of the
dish. In the last described arrangement the socket is connected to the
dish by means of the base of the socket instead of connecting the
_socket directly-to-the-dish, as first described.
When the socket of an iron candlestick is to be joined to the dish by
soft, soldering,, the central hole in the dish may be provided with a sheet
tin collar or lining piece, to which collar or lining piece the socket is
soldered.
-
I
I replace the knob ordinarily soldered to the top of the extinguisher
of the candlestick by a small hook. By means of this hook engaging
in a hole at the edge of the nozzle of the socket or barrel the extin-
guisher may be suspended to the candlestick ready for use. The chain
of the extinguisher may be attached to the same hole as that in which
the hook takes, or to a hole at the edge of the dish. By these improve-
ments the ordinary extinguisher hook and socket bit are dispensed
with..
t
14
4

page_text: Instead of finishing the bottom edge of the extinguisher by a loose
ring closed upon the said edge I form around the bottom edge of the
extinguisher a rim or bead which is turned inside the extinguisher to
form a rounded edge.
I form the joint of candlestick sockets or barrels by making on one
edge of the blank a semicircular beading and give to the opposite edgo
of the blank a curved or hooked figure. When the blank is bent into a
tubular form the curved edge enters the beading described and the two
edges are joined by soldering.
I make the thumb bits of candlestick slides by cutting from sheet
metal, by preference from sheet scrap, a series of pieces of the shape of
the thumb bit, and place two or more of the said pieces face to face and
solder them together; or a hollow thumb bit may be made by forming
flanges on the edges of the blanks or pieces and joining two of the said
blanks together by their flanges.
My Invention consists further of the following improvements in
joining together the parts of candlesticks and other articles made of
sheet iron and brass, and in the tools to be used in treating the parts to
be joined.
In the ordinary method of making sheet iron candlesticks and other
metallic articles the parts are joined together by brazing or hard solder-
ing. This part of my Invention consists in treating or preparing the
parts of the articles to be joined in the manner herein-after described,
whereby the said parts may be joined by soft soldering.
For the purpose of fitting the parts of the sheet iron candlesticks or
other articles to be joined by soft soldering I remove by filing, grinding,
or turning the scale or oxide from those parts which are to be joined so
as to produce a bright or clean surface. The soft solder can then
be applied as in soft soldering tin plate or other clean and bright
surfaces.
I prefer to effect the removal of the scale or oxide by means of
rotatory files; but grindstones, emery wheels, hand files, or turning tools
may be used for that purpose. When the opposite edges of the same
side of a blank are to be prepared for soldering I use a double rotating
file so as to effect the filing or brightening of the two edges simul-
taneously. When the interior of a cylindrical part is to be treated prior

page_text: to soldering I use a rotating file of the required shape to fit the interior
of the article, the said rotating file being fixed in a lathe or otherwise
made to rotate.
When the outside of a cylindrical article is to be treated I fix the
article upon a lathe spindle, and by means of a hand file or turning tool
the oxide or scale may be removed from that part of the article to
which the solder is to be applied. In like manner I treat the different
parts to be joined by soft soldering, the rotating files or tools being
constructed to fit them to operate upon the particular parts required.
The improvements last described may be applied to the preparing of
the edges or other parts of sheet iron or brass articles which are now
ordinarily joined by hard soldering, such as the parts of candlesticks,
runners, and top notches, brush ferrules, and cash boxes.
:
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said Joseph Caddick in the Great Scal Patent Office on
the 10th December 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
CADDICK, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Tool Maker,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of Junc, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Ier heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Joseph Caddick, Ier special license
that I, the said Joseph Caddick, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph Caddick, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC CANDLESTICKS AND EXTINGUISHERS, RUNNERS,
AND TOP NOTCHES FOR UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS, CASH BOXES, AND OTHER

page_text: METALLIC ARTICLES, AND IN TOOLS TO BE USED IN CONNECTION WITH SOME OF THE
SAID IMPROVEMENTS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Joseph Caddick, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Caddick, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, that is to say :—
My Invention consists, first, of the following improvements in making
certain parts of metallic candlesticks. I connect the tubular socket or
barrel to the base, and to the dish or bottom of the candlestick in the
following ways:-Instead of soldering the base on the bottom of the
socket as usual, I form a rim or bead around the socket at a short
distance from its end, and I form a groove or depressed part around the
edge of the central hole in the base, which groove or depressed part con-
stitutes a shoulder on which the rim or bead of the socket rests. The
socket with the base upon it is fastened to the dish or bottom of the
candlestick by inserting that end of the socket below the base through a
central hole in the dish or bottom, and turning back or closing the said
projecting part of the socket around the edge of the hole on the under
side of the said dish. By this means the soldering of the base to the
socket is dispensed with.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings represents partly in elevation
and partly in section a candlestick containing the improvements
described; Figure 2 represents in elevation the tubular socket or barrel
separately, and Figure 3 represents the base separately.
a is the tubular socket or barrel; b, the base; and c, the dish or
bottom of the candlestick; e is the rim or bead formed around the socket
near its end; and f is the groove or depressed part around the edge
of the central hole in the base b. In connecting the base to the
socket a, and the parts a, b, to the dish c, the said base 6 is passed on
to the projecting part a on the bottom of the socket until the said base

page_text: seats itself against the rim or bead e, as represented in Figure 1, and the
socket a with the base 6 upon it is fastened to the dish c by inserting its
projecting part a through the central hole in the said dish c, and
turning back or closing the projecting end of the said part a around the
under side of the edge of the hole in the said dish, as represented in
Figure 1, where the closed edge of the projecting part a² is marked a³.
The base is thus connected to the socket, and the socket and base to
the dish without soldering. Or the socket may be secured to the base
and dish in the following manner :-I make a rim or bead a short
distance from the end of the socket, leaving a short cylindrical piece
below the said rim or bead. Having placed the base upon the said
cylindrical piece, and against the rim or bead the said cylindrical piece
is closed upon the base, and the base is thereby fixed to the socket. To
fix the socket and baso to the dish or bottom of the candlestick I raiso
around the central hole in the said dish, and on the upper side thereof a
projecting edge or flange of a size proper for the bottom of the base to
fit upon and secure the socket to the base by soldering the edge of the
base on the socket to the projecting edge or flange of the dish.
This part of my Invention is illustrated in Figures 4 and 5. Figure 1
representing the socket secured to the base and the bottom of the socket a
before it is connected to the base, and Figure 5 representing the com-
bined socket and base secured to the dish or bottom of the candlestick.
e is the rim or bead on the socket a, and a' is the short cylindrical piece
below the said rim or bead, which piece at, after it has been passed
through the central hole in the base b, is turned back or around the edge
of the said central hole, and the socket thereby securely fixed to the
base. Around the central hole c in the dish c, and on the upper side
thereof, is a projecting edge or flange c³, upon which the lower edge of
the base is fitted in the manner represented in Figure 5, and the said
edge of the base is secured to the raised edge c³ of the dish by soldering.
In this arrangement the socket is connected to the dish by means of the
base of the said socket instead of connecting the socket directly to the
dish, as first described.
When the socket of an iron candlestick is to be joined to the dish by
soft soldering the central hole in the dish may be provided with a sheet
tin collar or lining piece, to which collar or lining piece the socket is
soldered. A candlestick dish provided with a lined central hole of this
kind is represented in Figure 6, the sheet tin collar or lining piece being

page_text: marked g. The lining piece is represented detached in Figure 7 before
it is fixed to the dish. The said lining piece being placed in the central
hole of the dish, the flange h resting against the inside of tho said
dish, the cylindrical part i is closed or turned upon the under side of the
said dish so as to securely fix the lining piece to the dish, as seen in
Figure 6.
I replace the knob ordinarily soldered to the top of the extinguisher
of the candlestick by a small hook. By means of this hook engaging in
a hole at the edge of the nozzle of the socket or barrel the extinguisher
may be suspended to the candlestick ready for use. The chain of the
extinguisher may be attached to the same hole as that in which the
hook takes, or to a hole at the edge of the dish. By these improve-
ments the ordinary extinguisher hook and socket bit are dispensed
with.
Instead of finishing the bottom edge of the extinguisher by a loose
ring closed upon the said edge I form around the bottom edge of the
extinguisher a rim or bead, the bottom of the said rim being turned
inwards so as to form a rounded edge.
An extinguisher made as herein-before described is represented in
Figure 8, and applied to a candlestick in Figure 5.
is the hook at the top of the extinguisher, which hook is engaged
in a hole at the edge of the nozzle 7, as seen in Figure 5. The chain m
of the extinguisher is hooked to the edge of the dish as represented, or
is hooked to the hole in the nozzle 7, which receives the hook of the
extinguisher. 12 is the rim or bead at the bottom edge of the extinguisher
replacing the ordinary separate ring.
I make the thumb bits of candlestick slides by cutting from sheet
metal, by preference from sheet scrap, a series of pieces of the shape of
the thumb bit, and place two or more of the said pieces face to face and
solder them together. This part of my Invention is illustrated in
Figure 9, where p represents in plan and edge view one of the pieces
cut from sheet metal, and q represents a series of the said pieces p placed
face to face and soldered together to form a thumb bit of the required
thickness.
I form the joints of candlestick sockets or barrels by making on the

page_text: bind the said edges together, which said semicircular edges are afterwards
joined by soldering.
I produce the said semicircular edges in the manner and by the use of
the tools herein-after described.
Figure 10 represents in side clevation and end elevation a candlestick
socket or barrel made by bending a blank into a tubular form, the edges
of the said tube overlapping as represented; and Figure 11 represents
the said socket or barrel after its overlapping edges have had semicircular
depressions made in them, so as to lock or engage the two edges
together preparatory to soldering them.
I form the said semicircular depressions » at the joint of the socket
by means of the tools represented in Figures 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16, that
is to say, I form upon the steel mandril 8 represented in side elevation
in Figure 12, and cross section in Figure 13 a semicircular solid rib t,
the said rib having the length of the joint to be made, and I support
the said mandril in a block or rest s² fixed on tho bed of a stamp. I
use with the said ribbed mandril s, t, an upper tool of the kind
represented in elevation in Figure 14, and plan of under side in
Figure 15, the said tool having a semicircular groove in it, corre-
sponding in size and length with the semicircular rib t on the mandril 8.
The tool, Figures 14 and 15, is fixed to the ram of the stamp. The
partly made socket or barrel, Figure 10, being placed in the proper
position upon the steel mandril 8 the upper tool, Figures 14 and 15, is
brought down upon it, as illustrated in Figure 16.
By the operation of the part 2 of the upper tool and the rib t of the
mandrils the semicircular depressions are made in the overlapping
edges or joint of the said socket or barrel, and the said edges thereby
locked or engaged together, as illustrated in Figure 11, ready for
the soldering operation. By thus engaging or locking the joint of the
socket or barrel the soldering of the joint is much facilitated.
My Invention consists further of the following improvements in
joining together the parts of candlesticks, runners, and top notches
for umbrellas and parasols, and other articles made of sheet iron
and brass, and in the tools to be used in treating the parts to be
joined.
In the ordinary method of making sheet-iron candlesticks and other
metallic articles, the parts are joined together by brazing or hard

page_text: soldering. This part of my Invention consists in treating or preparing
the parts of the articles to be joined in the manner herein-after
described, whereby the said parts may be joined by soft soldering.
For the purpose of fitting the parts of the sheet-iron candlesticks or
other articles to be joined by soft soldering, I remove by filing, grinding,
or turning the scale or oxide from those parts which are to be joined
so as to produce a bright or clean surface. The soft solder can then
be applied as in soft soldering tin plate, or other clean and bright
surfaces.
I prefer to effect the removal of the scale or oxide by means of
rotating files; but grindstones, emery wheels, hand files, or turning tools
may be used for that purpose. When the opposite edges of the same
side of a blank are to be prepared for soldering I use a double rotatory
file so as to effect the filing or brightening of the two edges simul-
taneously. When the interior of a cylindrical or ring-like part is to be
treated prior to soldering, I use a rotatory file of the required shape
to fit the interior of the article, the said rotatory file being fixed in a
lathe, or otherwise made to rotate.
When the outside of a cylindrical article is to be treated I fix the
article upon a lathe spindle, and by means of a hand file or turning
tool the oxide or scale may be removed from that part of the article
to which the solder is to be applied. In like manner I treat the
different parts to be joined by soft soldering, the rotatory files or
tools being constructed to fit them to operate upon the particular
parts required.
The improvements last described may be applied to the preparing of
the edges or other parts of sheet iron or brass articles which are now
ordinarily joined by hard soldering, such as the parts of candlesticks,
runners, and top notches, brush ferrules, and cash boxes.
Figure 17 represents a single rotatory file which I use for the purpose
herein-before described. The said rotatory file is marked v, and is fixed
by its axis or stem v² to the spindle of a lathe, by which a rapid rotatory
motion is communicated to it.
Figure 18 represents in elevation, and Figure 19 in section a double
rotatory file constructed according to my Invention for effecting the
filing or brightening of opposite edges simultaneously of a blank. The

page_text: said rotatory file consists of two discs w, x, having upon their peripheries
cutting or filing surfaces. The said discs 10, x, are fixed upon the
spindle or axis y, and the distance between them is adjusted by means
of the packing ring or tube z. The disc to takes its bearing at one face
against the shoulder y² of the spindle y, and the other face is supported
by the packing ring or tube . The other disc x is supported between
the packing ring and the screw nut, the said screw nut serving to
bind the whole of the parts x, y, w, and together, as will be understood
by an examination of Figure 19. By using packing rings of different
lengths the double rotatory file may be used to file or brighten the
opposite edges of sheet metal pieces or blanks having different widths.
The rotatory file, Figures 18 and 19, may be used as a single file
by making on the outer edge of the disc a cutting or filing teeth at x².
The rapid rotatory motion is given to the file, Figures 18 and 19, by
means of a lathe spindle.
Figure 20 represents in side elevation and end elevation a rotatory
file which I use for filing or brightening the face of the central holo
made in the dish or bottom of the candlestick where the socket is to bo
attached by soft solder, and for other like purposes. The said rotatory
file consists of a stem 1 which fits the hole in the dish, the base or
shoulder 2 of which stem is made into cutting or filing teeth, as repre-
sented, which cutting teeth 2 when the stem 1 has been passed through
the central hole in the dish may be made to operate upon and brighten
the sheet iron around the said hole. The end or tang of the rotatory
file is fixed in the spindle of a lathe, and rapidly rotated by the said
spindle. To file or brighten the interior of cylindrical or ring-like
articles the stem 1 may be made into cutting or filing teeth.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do
not limit myself to the precise details herein described and illustrated,
as the same may be varied without departing from the nature of my
Invention; but I claim as my Invention of improvements in the manu-
facture of metallic candlesticks and extinguishers, runners, and top
notches for umbrellas and parasols, cash boxes, and other metallic
articles, and in tools to be used in connection with some of the said
improvements,―
Tirst. The improvements in connecting the tubular socket or barrel of
a candlestick to the base, and the combined socket or barrel and base to

page_text: the dish; herëin-before described and illustrated in Figures 1, 2, and 3 of
the accompanying Drawings.
"> b
Secondly. The improvements in connecting the tubular, socket or
barrel of a candlestick to the base, and the combined socket or barrel
and base to the dish, herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 4
and 5 of the accompanying Drawings.
Thirdly. Providing the central holes in the dishes of candlesticks
made of sheet iron with sheet tin collars or lining pieces for soft
soldering the sockets or barrels of the candlesticks to the said dishes, as
herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 6 and 7 of the accom-
panying Drawings.
Fourthly. The improvements in extinguishers of candlesticks herein-
before described and illustrated in Figures 5 and 8 of the accompanying
Drawings, that is to say, replacing the knob usually soldered to the top
of the extinguisher by a small hook, which is hooked to the nozzle of
the socket or barrel, and forming around the bottom edge of the cx-
tinguisher a rim or bead to replace the ordinary loose ring, as described
and illustrated.
Fifthly. Making the thumb bits of candlestick slides by cutting. from
sheet metal a series of pieces of the shape of the thumb bit, and placing
two or more of the said pieces face to face and soldering them together,.
as hercin-before described and illustrated in Figure 9 of the accom-
panying Drawings.
Sixthly. Forming the joints of candlestick sockets or barrels in the
manner and by the use of the tools herein-before described and illus-
trated in Figures 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 of the accompanying
Drawings, whereby the soldering of the joint is much facilitated.
Lastly. The improvements herein-before described in joining together
by soft soldering the parts of candlesticks, runners, and top notches for
umbrellas and parasols, cash boxes, and other articles made of sheet iron
and brass; that is to say, preparing the parts of the said sheet iron
articles to be joined by soft soldering by removing by filing, grinding,
or turning the scale or oxide from the said parts to be joined, so as to
produce a clean or bright surface for receiving the soft solder; also
applying the same method of treatment to the parts to be joined by soft
soldering of articles made of brass; also the tools or rotatory files;.
-

page_text: herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 17, 18, 19, and 20 of
the accompanying Drawings, to be used in effecting the cleaning or
brightening of the parts of articles of sheet iron and brass to be joined
by soft soldering.
herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 17, 18, 19, and 20 of
the accompanying Drawings, to be used in effecting the cleaning or
brightening of the parts of articles of sheet iron and brass to be joined
by soft soldering.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Caddick, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Seventh day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.
by soft soldering.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Caddick, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Seventh day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy-five.
Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT,
Clerk to George Shaw,
Birmingham.
JOSEPH CADDICK. (L.S.)