CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1846

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
BULLOUGH, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker, and
ADAM BULLOUGH, of the same, Overlooker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by
Her Letter Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the First day of December, in the tenth year of Her
reign, and in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-six,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said James Bullough and Adam Bullough, Her especial licence, full power,
sole privilege, and authority, that we, the said James Bullough and Adam
Bullough, our executors, administrators, and assigns, and such others as we,
the said James Bullough and Adam Bullough, our executors, administrators,
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England and Wales
and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a
proviso that we, the said James Bullough and Adam Bullough, or one of us,
shall cause a particular description of the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be enrolled in Her Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
James Bullough, do hereby declare that the nature of our said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described
and ascertained in and by the Drawings hereto annexed, and the following
explanation thereof (that is to say):-
These Improvements in Looms for Weaving apply to power looms (whether
used for plain or fancy weaving, and consist,-
Firstly, in a certain novel arrangement of apparatus for the purpose of
regulating the " letting-off" of the yarn or warp from the yarn beam to
be used in connection with a positive "taking-up" motion, whereby the
letting-off" of the yarn is governed by the "taking-up" of the cloth.
66
Secondly, in a modification of the above, in which arrangement the yarn
beam is held fast by means of a friction break whilst the cloth is "beat up,"
and when being released, the tension of the yarn will cause the yarn
beam to
let off as much warp as required.
Thirdly, in an arrangement of mechanism connected with the ordinary
"taking-up" wheel for the purpose of "letting back" the cloth by hand when
requisite, without lifting the taking-up catches.
Fourthly, in a modification of the.above motion, which may be made either
self-acting or otherwise.
Fifthly, in a swivelling "slay cap," for the purpose of allowing the reed to
give way whenever the shuttle stops in the "shed," thereby preventing injury
to the cloth, but which is held firm whilst beating up; and,
Sixthly, our Invention consists in the application of a friction break, which
is caused to act simultaneously upon the face of the spur wheels which connect
the ordinary tappet and crank shaft (and are known as the tappet:shaft wheel
and the crank shaft wheel,. for the purpose of stopping both shafts at one instant
whenever the shuttle is absent from both.boxes, instead of allowing the tappet
shaft wheel to stop itself by concussion of its teeth.against the teeth of the
crank shaft wheel as heretofore.
These several improvements will be better explained and more readily
understood by reference to the Drawing accompanying these Presents, which
is of a scale of about two inches to a foot, and has figures and letters of
reference marked upon it. corresponding with the following description thereof,
the new parts being shaded with color for the sake of distinction, and the
ordinary parts of the loom being drawn in .outline, merely for the sake of
illustrating the relative positions of the various improvements.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a loom with part of my improvements
attached thereto, and Figure.2 is. a. section tof, a loom exhibiting other parts
Ę

page_text: of the Invention. A, A, is the main framing of the loom; B, B, is the yarn
beam; C, C, the crank shaft; D is the slay; E, the breast beam; and F, the
cloth roller.
The first part of our improvements is seen best at Figure 2. Upon the
ordinary tappet shaft G of the loom is a double tappet a, a, which, as it
revolves, causes the lever b, b, to rise and fall. This lever b is connected by a
rod c to a small lever d, which has its fulcrum upon cross shaft e; there is
also another lever f attached to the same shaft, which has a catch g affixed to.
it. When the cam or tappet a lifts the lever b, the lever d comes in contact
with the lever f, and causes the catch 9 to take up one tooth of the ratchet
wheel h, which being connected to the yarn beam B by the worm and
wheel,, lets off the yarn, The quantity of yarn let off is regulated in the
following manner :-The yarn or warp is caused to pass over a rod or bearer k,
which vibrates upon supports fixed at. each end. This yarn bearer k is
furnished with a weight and lever at one end or the purpose of keeping the
yarn at the proper tension, and at the other end of the same is a pin m, which
vibrates between the stops n and. o. When more yarn is let off than is taken
up on pin m comes into contact with the stop n and projects a small lever p,
underneath the lever f, and holds it up out of the reach of the lever d, and
thus stops the letting-off; but as soon as the tension of the yarn, consequent
upon the taking up of the cloth, causes the pin m-to come into contact with the
stop o, it will withdraw the lever p, and allows the "letting-off" to proceed as
before. Figure 3 is a side view of the ratchet wheel and levers, and Figure 4
is a plan view of the apparatus.
The second part of our Invention is shewn in Figure 5. A is part of the
framing of the loom, and G is the tappet shaft. When the yarn beam is
placed in the loom the boss at the end thereof is placed inside the pulley a;
a pin upon the boss fitting between the two projections b, b, so that the yarn
beam cannot turn without the pulley. Upon the tappet shaft G a tappet c is
fixed in such a manner. that the instant the reed is beating up the cloth the
tappet c causes the lever d to tighten the friction belt or break e, upon the pulley a,
by means of the connecting links f, f, and thus prevent the yarn beam from
letting-off" any warp whilst the reed is "beating up," but releases it the
moment afterwards, the tension of the yarn causing the yarn beam to let off
as much warp as is required. The same arrangement of detached pulley may
be applied without the break in those looms where friction is applied to the
warp beam by a rope coiled around the end of the same and carrying a weight,
the principal feature of novelty consisting in having the pulley to which the
friction is applied detached from the yarn beam, in order to afford more
convenience in re-filling.
"

page_text: The third part of our Invention is shewn in Figures 1 and 6. 7 is the
ordinary "taking-up" ratchet wheel which is loose upon its stud, and has a ring
of leather let into its side; there is also a ring of leather let into the
boss of the spur wheel r, which wheel slides upon a feather on its stud,
and is held firmly against the wheel 9 by the spring s.
The wheel r gears
with a pinion t upon the shaft u, which is turned by a hand wheel fixed
upon it near to the "setting-on rod," not shewn in the Drawing. Thus
it will be evident, that by turning the hand wheel the cloth may be let back
without lifting the catches from off the "taking-up wheel" g. If it be thought
desirable to have the shaft u stationary while the loom is working it may
easily be accomplished by removing about four of the teeth of the pinion t.
The fourth part of our Invention is shewn in Figure 7, which is a plan
view of another arrangement of mechanism for letting back. The "taking-up
wheel" q has a small pin or tooth v, which takes into the teeth on the face of
the wheel w, which slides upon a feather, and is held against the wheel 9 by
the spiral spring, but may be thrown out of gear by the lever y either by
hand or by being connected to the weft motion. When the wheel w is thrown
out of gear the tension of the cloth will pull the cloth roller back one tooth
at a time, so that any required amount may be let back.
The fifth part of our Invention is shewn in Figures 1 and 2. The "slay
cap" 1, which holds the upper part of the reed 2 instead of being bolted to
the "slay sword," as usual, swivels upon a pin or stud at each end, so that
when the shuttle stops in the shed it allows the reed to give way, as shewn
by dotted lines in Figure 2. The "slay cap" is held firm at the moment of
"beating up" in the following manner. To one end of the same a small
lever 3 is fixed, which lever is connected to the lever 4 by a link 5; the lever 4
at the moment of "beating up" passes above the projecting piece 6, and thus
holds the slay cap firm.
The sixth and last part of our improvements is shewn in Figure 1; the
ordinary "stop rod finger" connected to the swell in the shuttle box, is shewn
at 7. 8 is a break which is supported by the levers 9 and 10. When the
shuttle is absent from both boxes the finger 7 remains in the position shown
in the Drawing, and coming against the projection upon the lever 9, draws
the break 8 into contact with the crank shaft wheel 11, and the tappet shaft
wheel 12 simultaneously, thus stopping both shafts at once, and with less
concussion than heretofore. In those looms where the ordinary break is
applied to the fly wheel we propose to apply a fixed or stationary break
attached to the framing of the loom at the opposite side of the wheel to the
ordinary break to prevent straining of the crank shaft, and also to gain addi-
tional friction power.

page_text: Having now described the nature and object of our several improvements
in looms for weaving, and the manner of carrying the same into practical
effect, I would remark, in conclusion, that we claim as our Invention,―
Firstly, the novel arrangement of mechanism shewn in Figures 2, 3, 4,
and 5, for "letting off" the yarn or warp (together with the application of
the detached pulley to looms where friction is applied by a coiled rope and
weight), and also the method of regulating the same, namely, by the tension of
the yarn or warp threads.
Secondly, we claim the apparatus shewn in Figures 1, 6, and 7, for "letting
back" the cloth when required without the necessity of lifting the catches
from the "taking-up wheel," to be worked either by hand or by the weft
motion when the weft breaks.
Thirdly, we claim the swivelling "slay cap" whereby the reed is allowed
to give way whenever the shuttle stops in the shed, and also the apparatus
shewn in the Figure 1 for holding the same firm whilst "beating up;"
and,
Fourthly, we claim the employment or use of a break, as shewn in Figure 1,
to act simultaneously upon both the "crank shaft wheel" and "tappet shaft
wheel" for the purpose of stopping the loom when the shuttle is absent from
both shuttle boxes at once; and also the application of a fixed or stationary
break in addition to the ordinary one to those looms where a moveable break
is applied to the fly wheel for the purpose of stopping the loom.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Bullough, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of May, One thousand eight
hundred and forty-seven.