Improvements in Roller and Ball Bearings.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Sept., 1893-Accepted, 17th Feb., 1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Roller and Ball Bearings.
We, FREDERICK PURDON and HARRY ERNEST WALTERS both of 2 Great
George Street, Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineers, and
WILLIAM HUGH WOODCOCK of 25 Auckland Hill, West Norwood, in the
County of Surrey, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention has reference to improvements in roller and ball bearings, and
has for its object, to diminish friction between journals and their bearings.
Hitherto the ordinary method of supporting the journals of shafts or axles, has
been to provide a surface of some suitable metal, or alloy, such as gun metal, white
metal, &c., which was held stationary, and the pressure put upon the rotating
journal was carried by the stationary bearing.
The surface of the moving journal therefore, had a sliding movement over the
whole or part of the said bearing, and the heating which in the usual course would
be produced by the friction caused by such sliding motion, was, and is diminished
to a greater or less degree by the application of lubricants, such as oil or grease.
The aim of all lubrication is to create a film of lubricant between the surface of
the journal and the surface of the bearing, and to so proportion the load to the
dimensions of the bearing that the load shall not cause the lubricant to be squeezed
out, but that the load shall be carried upon a film of lubricant between the surface
of the journal and of its bearing. Very low co-efficients of friction have been
obtained but always at the cost of a large expenditure of lubricant, and special
attention to the proportions and materials of the journal and its bearing. Our
object in this invention, is to do away with the friction caused by the surfaces
sliding upon one another, and to substitute rolling friction only. For this purpose
we place between the journal and its bearing, a series of rollers, which are retained
in their proper relative positions by a series of subsidiary rollers, (hereinafter
described as "dumb-bell" rollers) in some cases, and by a series of balls in
others.
We are of course aware that rollers have been used for the same purpose
heretofore but in the majority of these cases the rollers have been free to move
in such a manner that the adjacent surfaces of two neighbouring rollers caused
sliding friction between themselves, and proper provision has not been made to
prevent lateral displacement of the rollers. It is obvious that if rollers are rolling
over a given surface the adjacent surfaces of two neighbouring rollers must be
travelling in opposite directions. Our object has, therefore, been to prevent such
adjacent surfaces from touching each other and also to prevent lateral displacement
of the rollers.
In our present improvements we have in no case allowed two adjacent surfaces
moving in opposite directions to come in contact with each other.
We have also devised a means of obtaining improved methods of adjustment of
the various paths upon which the rolling parts move, and in some cases we have
found it advisable to substitute for the balls, a set of subsidiary rollers which we
designate "dumb-bell" rollers, as each of these rollers consists of a parallel and
comparatively slender central portion while having at each end one or more knobs
or rounded portions calculated to fulfil the same purposes as the balls hereinbefore
referred to.

page_text: In order to enable our improvements to be more easily understood we will now
describe them with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which similar letters
refer to similar parts throughout the different figures.
Figures 1 and 2 represent an application of our improvements to a railway axle
box; the left half of Figure 1 being an end elevation, the right half a cross
section; and Figure 2 being a longitudinal section.
Figures 3, 4, 5 and 6, show an application of our improvements to a road car
axle box; in this case balls are used instead of dumb-bell rollers. The left half
of Figure 3 being an end elevation, the right half a cross section. The left half
of Figure 4 being a longitudinal section, the right half a side elevation. The left
half of Figure 5 being a plan on top, the right a half plan on centre line with axle
removed. Figure 6 being a diagram showing the relative positions, of balls, rollers
and journal.
Figures 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, show an application of our improvements to a plummer
block for shafting. The left half of Figure 7 being a plan on centre line, the
right half a plan on top. The left half of Figure 8 being a side elevation, the
right half a longitudinal section. The left half of Figure 9 being a cross section,
the right half an end elevation. Figures 10 and 11 show respectively a side and
face view of the adjustable ring.
Figures 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17, show an application of our improvements to a
bearing where the shaft does not pass through, such for example as an axle box
for tramway vehicles; Figure 12 is a half transverse section. The left half of
Figure 13 being an elevation of the outer end of box, the right half an elevation
of the inner end of box. Figure 14 a longitudinal section, the left half of
Figure 15 being a plan on top, and the right half a sectional plan on the centre
line with the journal removed; and Figures 16 and 17 a face and edge view
respectively of the adjustable path.
Figures 18 and 19 represent one application to an axle box for a road vehicle
where the axle does not turn; the left half of Figure 18 being a cross section,
and the right half an end elevation; and Figure 19 a longitudinal section.
Figures 20 and 21 represent another method of constructing an axle box for a
similar purpose, the left half of Figure 20 being a cross section and the right half
an end elevation; and Figure 21 a longitudinal section.
Figures 22 and 23 represent another alternative method of effecting the same
result, but in this case balls are used instead of dumb-bell rollers; Figure 22 is a
longitudinal section; the left half of Figure 23 being an end elevation and the
right half a cross section.
Figure 24 shows an alternative method of forming the rollers, dumb-bell rollers
and adjustable paths, and this method is applicable to all the various designs where
dumb-bell rollers are used.
Figure 25 represents the roller removed from Figure 24, and Figure 26 the
dumb-bell roller similarly separated.
Figure 27 shows a longitudinal section of one arrangement of our invention
which amongst other applications is suitable to the bearings of a cycle.
Figure 28 is the scheme of arrangement of the moving parts of Figure 27 in
diagram, and Figures 29 and 30 are alternative methods of forming the dumb-bell
rollers and paths, applicable to any of the previously mentioned types where
dumb-bell rollers are used.
Referring to Figures 1 and 2, a is the journal at the end of the axle of a railway.
vebicle, 6 is the axle box usually made of cast iron, c is a liner of steel, wrought
iron case hardened, chilled cast iron, or other suitable material. Between the
liner c and the journal a are arranged a set of rollers d of hardened steel, or other
suitable material. The inner diameter of the liner c is equal to the external
diameter of the journal a plus twice the diameter of one of the rollers d. The
metal cover e is bolted or otherwise fixed to the inner side of the axle box b and
has upon it a special circular path f; an internal piece e¹ is fitted into the outer
cover of the axle box g and is provided with a special path f¹, this path being

page_text: similar to that at f. A cap or cover g is bolted or otherwise attached to the axle
box, outside, and has a circular path f cut upon it, inside. A single ball is
placed inside the cover g and serves to take the end thrust of the journal a.
Between every two rollers d is placed a dumb-bell roller i, and adjustable rings j
and are placed, one at each end of the box. Dust is excluded by means of the
leather ring k, and it is claimed that with this design of axle box absolutely no
lubrication is needed. The forms of the knobs 1, 1', are so designed as to bear upon
my m¹
the grooved ends n, n', respectively of the rollers d and the forms of the knobs
are so designed as to bear upon the paths f, f and are kept in position by the live
rings, One most important feature of our invention is that the forms of the
knobs 1, l, m, m' on the dumb-bell rollers i and of the grooved paths n, n² of the
rollers d and of the stationary paths f, f', fixed to the axle box, and of the live
rings j, j are so designed that each knob bears only upon two circles equidistant
from a plane containing the largest cross section of the knobs at right angles to its
axis of rotation. The relative diameters of rollers, dumb-bell rollers and fixed
paths are so chosen that there is, no sliding friction but only rolling friction
The dumb-bell rollers are
between moving surfaces which touch each other.
prevented from escaping in a radial direction by means of the live rings j and j'.
Each of these rings consists of two similar halves held together by screws and the
width of the curved paths inside each ring can thus be adjusted. It will be clearly
understood that the expression "live ring" describes the fact that the rings rotate
round the axis of the journal as a centre when the axle is in motion. Lateral
'movement of the dumb-bell rollers i is limited by the knobs m, m³ running in the
grooves of the paths f, and similarly lateral movement of the rollers d is limited
by the knobs 1, of the dumb-bell rollers i, running in the grooved ends n, n' of the
rollers d.
In Figures 3, 4 and 5, a is the journal of the axle, and b, 6' are the separate
halves of the stationary axle box, and c is the portion of the box against which the
rollers d take their bearing. In this case (shown by Figures 3, 4 and 5) no dumb-
bell rollers are used, but the ends of the rollers have paths n formed upon them and
balls o are so arranged that each pair of balls (one ball being at either end of the
rollers) separates the two rollers they lie between; special rings; are provided for
the balls to roll upon aud the arrangement for adjustment of the two parts of each
ring; is by means of three or more stirrup wedge pieces p placed equidistant from
each other and acted upon by screws. The proper position of the two halves of
each ring is retained by means of screws q passing through two portions. The
form of the grooved ends n of the rollers d is such that the balls do not touch the
bottom of the groove but bear only upon two circles equidistant from the smallest
part. Lateral movement of the rollers d is limited by the circular projections c¹
on the case c against which the circular projections d' on the rollers d roll, under
the action of lateral movement. End movement of the axle a is similarly limited
by the circular projections d³, d², on the rollers d against which the circular
These
projections a, a, on the axle a roll under the action of lateral movement.
projections a, a on the axle a, d', d², on the rollers d; and c¹ on the case c are so
formed that circular touching lines of the rollers upon the axle and case, will
be of equal diameters to those parts of the axle and case respectively against which
the bodies of the rollers d bear, and consequently there will be nothing but rolling
friction between the touching surfaces. End movement of the rollers d is further
limited by the balls o moving in the grooved ends r, r, formed on the ends of the
rollers d and corresponding grooves in the ring j. In this case, shown by
Figures 3, 4 and 5, the ends of the box y revolve with the axle, and they are
designed to effect the double purpose of carrying the adjustable rings j and
excluding dust; with this latter object in view they are made in halves and fitted
between the circular collars 8, 8¹.
In Figures 7, 8 and 9 a is that portion of the shaft which is supported by the
plummer block, the casing of which is made in two parts b and b, c is a liner
of steel, wrought iron case hardened, chilled cast iron, or other suitable material;

page_text: :
=
between the liner c and the shaft a is arranged a series of rollers d of hardened
steel or other suitable material. The inner diameter of the liner c is equal to the
external diameter of the shaft a, plus twice the diameter of the rollers d. The metal
ends of the plummer block e are bolted or otherwise fixed to the ends of the
plummer block casing b, b, and have formed upon them special circular paths f, f':
Between every two rollers d is placed a dumb-bell roller i and adjustable rings j
are placed one at each end of the said dumb-bell rollers i. If necessary dust can
be excluded by means of the leather rings k, k' fixed to the casing by the rings k².
The knobs 1, are so designed as to bear upon the grooved ends n, n' of the roller d,
and the knobs m are so designed as to bear upon the paths f, f¹ and are kept in
position by the live rings j as herein before described, the knobs and m on the
dumb-bell rollers i and the grooved paths n of the rollers d, and the stationary
paths f, f, and the live rings j, are so designed that there is no sliding friction
between the touching surfaces but only rolling friction. The dumb-bell rollers i
are prevented from escaping in a radial direction by means of the live rings j, which
are formed as hereinbefore described. Lateral movement of the dumb-bell rollers i
is limited by the knobs m, running in the grooves of the paths f,f', and similarly
lateral movement of the rollers d is limited by the knobs l, of the dumb-bell
rollers i running in the grooves n of the rollers d.
In Figure 8 a special arrangement of single ball h is used to take up end play;
this ball rolls in a circular path formed in the circular collar t.
Figures 10 and 11 show the formation of one of the adjustable rings j, which is
made of two narrower rings, each of which forms half the path for the knobs
of the dumb-bell rollers. Each of the narrower rings may be composed of two
halves, the various parts being fastened by screws as shown.
Figures 12 to 17 represent an arrangement suitable for a tram car axle box, in
which the journals are outside the wheels, or for a horizontal shaft where the shaft
does not pass through the box. The disposition of the several parts is similar to
those previously described. a is the journal, b the box which is in one casting, c is
the hard liner or wearing surface, d the rollers, and i, i, the dumb-bell rollers. The
ends of the box are fitted with covers e and e', upon which circular paths fand f¹
respectively are formed for the knobs m, m³ of the dumb-bell rollers i to run on.
The cap g is in this case screwed into the cover e¹ and has a circular path f¹ formed
inside it for the ball to run on which ball takes up the end thrust of the axle. A
leather ring is fixed to the cover e to prevent the entrance of dust... In this axle
box an odd number (seven), of rollers has been used, but the actual number
of rollers and dumb-bell rollers in any particular case depends upon the relative
sizes of the journal and casing. The adjustable ring shown in Figures 16 and 17
is constructed in a precisely similar manner to that described in Figures 10 and 11.
Figures 18 and 19 represent one application of our improvements suitable for the.
bearing of a road vehicle where the axle does not rotate. The journal a may be
tapered or parallel, but is shown tapered, and the axle box is formed in halves b, b²,
which may fit into or form the hub of the wheel. In this case no separate
liner is used but the rollers d bear directly upon the interior of the axle box, the
internal diameter of which is equal to the external diameter of the inner sleeve u.
plus twice the diameter of one of the rollers d. The inner sleeve u is bored
internally to fit the axle a and that portion where the rollers bear is turned truly
cylindrical on the exterior. Each end of the axle box is provided with an inner
cover e and e¹ on which circular paths f, f¹ respectively, are formed for the
knobs m, m' of the dumb-bell rollers i to roll upon. The adjustable rings j, j₁ are.
of precisely similar construction to those already described with reference to
Figures 10 and 11. The inner sleeve u has enlarged ends g and g¹ which are
respectively provided with circular paths f' and fs in which the single balls hand h¹
respectively roll; these balls roll upon the bottom of the curved paths and take up
end thrust of the box in either direction. Outer covers e¹ and e' are provided at
the ends of the axle box, and e' is provided with a leather dust excluder k. These
outer covers exclude dust, and lock the box into the hub of the wheel when they are

page_text: Fcrewed home against the cylindrical spacers e and e. The disposition and
functions of the various parts are similar to those hereinbefore described, as for
example in Figures 1 and 2.
Figures 20 and 21 represent. another application of our improvements suitable
for the bearings of a road vehicle, but in this example no balls are used to take
up end movement of the axle box; a is the end of the axle shown tapered, u is
a sleeve turned to fit it and affording a cylindrical exterior for the rollers d to roll
upon, these rollers dare similar to those previously described except that in this case
a groove is made near each end, figured v, v respectively, and the exterior of the
sleeve u is formed with a collar u' at each end, which enter the grooves v,
formed on the rollers d. The inner covers e, el, as in previous cases, have
circular paths, f respectively, in which the knobs m, m¹ of the dumb-bell
rollers i roll, the knobs and rolling in the grooves n and n' of the rollers d.
Outside covers e³ and e³ close in the ends of the axle box, dust being excluded by
the leather ring k. These outside covers also when screwed into the hub lock the
box in position. In this case lateral movement of the rollers d and the axle a is
limited by the circular projections u¹ on the sleeve u, and 6 on the case b, against
which the circular projections d' on the rollers d roll, under the action of lateral
movement. Lateral movement of the dumb-bell rollers i is limited by the knobs I, l',
on the said rollers running in the grooved ends n, n' of the rollers d as also
by the knobs m, m² of the rollers i running in the circular paths f, formed
one, e. The diameters of the above projections and knobs are, as herein before
described, arranged that there shall be no sliding friction between the touching
surfaces but only rolling friction.
Figures 22 and 23 represent yet another application of our improvement
suitable for the bearing of a road vehicle, but in this example balls are used to keep
the rollers d. in their proper relative positions instead of dumb-bell rollers; a is
the end of the axle, shown tapered, u the sleeve upon the said end, d the rollers
with grooved ends, and b, b' the axle box itself. Each roller d is provided with a
shallow groove at each end, t, v', and projections u' on the sleeve u, and 62 on the
case bare so designed as to enter these grooves; also upon the sleeve u a
projection y is turned which takes the end thrust of the rollers d. Balls w are so
arranged that one ball lies at each end between each two adjacent rollers and these
balls act and produce a similar effect to that already hereinbefore described. The
ends of the sleeve u are provided with screwed inner covers, ¹, and the
exterior of the covers x, a', along with the inner rings form together the paths j. j'
which retain the balls in position and prevent their radial movement from the axis.
This arrangement also provides for an adjustment of the ball paths on to the balls.
In all cases where axles with taper journals are shown it is to be un:lerstood that
the box itself revolves, and the rollers and balls turn upon their own axes while
travelling in. circles which circles have a point on the axis of the shaft as centres.
The ends of the axle box are closed by means of special covers e³, and e³, as
herein before described Figures 20 and 21; a leather dust excluder k being provided
on cover e².
Figure 24 represents a detail view of a different method of forming the roller
ends, dumb-bell rollers, circular paths, and live rings, as shown in Figures 1 and 2
and provides cylindrical rolling surfaces in addition to the line surfaces of contact
as previously described between the roller ends and dumb-bell rollers, as also
between the dumb-bell rollers, circular paths and live rings; thus giving greater
bearing area to resist wear between the several portions. The lengths of these
cylindrical surfaces are proportioned to the pressures to be resisted. This method
does not effect the action of the knobs in controlling lateral motion of the rollers
and dumb-bell rollers. The cover e is provided, as in previous cases, with a path f
for the ends of the dumb-bell rollers, and this path has a special cylindrical surface y
which corresponds with a similar surface y' upon the inner half of the adjustable
ring and the outer knob of the dumb-bell roller is provided with a recessed
cylindrical, surface y into which the above described surfaces y, y¹ fit. In a

page_text: similar manner the inner knob 7 of the dumb-bell roller is provided with a recessed
cylindrical surface z which rolls upon the cylindrical surface of the roller d.
Figure 25 shows the roller d removed from its position in the box, and Figure 26
shows the dumb-bell roller i separately.
In all cases where additional cylindrical surfaces are provided to increase the
area of bearing surface on paths, live rings, rollers, and dumb-bell rollers, the
diameters of said additional cylindrical surfaces, are so arranged that when in
motion there shall only be rolling friction between the touching surfaces.
Figure 27 and Figure 28 refer to a bearing where balls are used to space the
rollers (as in the case of Figures 3, 4, 5 and 6) instead of dumb-bell rollers;
Figure 27 being a longitudinal section and Figure 28 being a diagram of the
arrangement of axle, rollers and balls. In this case, a is the journal of the axle,
b is the axle box, c is the portion of the box in halves against which the enlarged
parts of the rollers d take their bearing as in Figures 3, 4, 5 and 6. No dumb-bell
rollers are used, but the ends of the rollers d have paths n, n¹ formed upon them and
balls o, o are so arranged that each pair of balls (one ball being at either end of
the roller) separate the two rollers they are placed between. Special rings j, j
and e,
el are provided for the balls to roll upon; the rings j, j are screwed to the
rings e, el which latter turn with but are free to slide upon the axle. The screws
upon j, j and e, e¹ provide together with the sliding inovement of the rings e,
on the axle, a means of adjusting the paths upon the balls. The form of the
grooved ends n, n¹ of the rollers d is such that the balls do not touch the bottom
of the groove but bear only upon two circles equidistant from the smallest part.
Lateral movement of the rollers d, is limited by the circular projections c' on the
case c, against which the circular projections d', on the rollers d roll when under
the action of lateral movement. End movement of the axle a is similarly
limited by the circular projections d' on the rollers d against which the circular
projections a' on the axle a roll, when under the action of lateral movement.
projections a' on the axle a, d on the rollers d; and c¹ on the case care so
formed that the circular touching lines of the rollers, upon the axle and case
will be of equal diameter to those parts of the axle and case respectively against
which the bodies of the rollers d bear, and consequently there will be nothing
but rolling friction between the touching surfaces. End movement of the
balls o, o and the rings e, e¹, j, j', forming the ball paths, is limited by the
grooves n, n of the ends of the rollers d, in which the balls roll.
These
Figure 29 shows one alternative method to Figure 24, of forming the roller
ends, dumb-bell roller ends, circular paths and live rings, with the object of
increasing the bearing area of the various touching surfaces. Upon each of the
outer knobs m of the dumb-bell rollers are formed two similar cylindrical
surfaces m', m³ which roll upon and correspond with the cylindrical surfaces f, f
and j, provided upon the paths f, and live rings j respectively. In the same
manner upon each of the inner knobs l, of the dumb-bell rollers i are formed two
similar cylindrical surfaces 1, 1, which roll upon and correspond with the two
cylindrical surfaces d', d, provided at each end of the rollers d.
'
Figure 30 shows another alternative method of Figure 24, of forming the roller ends,
dumb-bell roller ends, circular paths and live rings, with the object of increasing the
bearing area of the various touching surfaces. Upon each of the outer knobs m
of the dumb-bell rollers i is formed a cylindrical surface m' which rolls upon and
corresponds with the cylindrical surface f¹ and provided upon the paths f
and live rings; respectively. In the same manner upon each of the inner
knobs of the dumb-bell rollers i is formed a similar cylindrical surface / which
rolls upon and corresponds with the cylindrical surface d¹ provided at each end of
the rollers d.
Figures 24, 29 30, cach shows one arrangement of increasing the bearing area
of the touching surfaces, as between rollers and dumb-bell rollers, and between
dumb-bell rollers, circular paths and live rings. We do not however restrict
ourselves to these three methods as it is obvious that it may be found more

page_text: convenient to adopt other arrangements of KHODS cynic SURE ALL BOTIC
cases.
It is in all cases advisable that the whole of the moving parts and the wearing
surfaces of the stationary parts should be made of as hard and durable a material
as possible.
From the detailed description of each of the bearings herein illustrated it is
obvious that either the axle may rotate in a fixed box or the box may revolve
round a fixed axle with true rolling motion of all moving parts in either case and
that also sliding friction is avoided.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :-
1. In roller bearings, the combination of an axle box herein illustrated in
Figures 1 and 2 as suitable for railway vehicles, and closed at one end, a cylindrical
journal, parallel rollers grooved at each end, dumb-bell rollers, each having four
knobs, live adjustable rings for retaining the said dumb-bell rollers, stationary
curved circular paths, and an end thrust ball, all substantially as described and
illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings.
2. In roller bearings, the combination in Figures 3, 4, 5 and 6, of an axle box
herein illustrated as suitable for street car use, with special thrust collars upon the
journal, axle box and rollers, cylindrical rollers with enlarged grooved ends, a pair
of balls arranged between each two adjoining rollers, with their centres at a greater
radial distance from the centre of the journal than the centres of the rollers are
from the centre of the journal, adjustable rings with curved paths regulated by
means of wedge shaped stirrups, all substantially as described and illustrated.
3. In roller bearings, the combination in Figures 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, herein
illustrated as suitable for a plummer block, a cylindrical journal, cylindrical rollers
with grooved ends, dumb-bell rollers each having four knobs, adjustable rings for
retaining the said dumb-bell rollers, curved circular stationary paths upon the
stationary casing, a ball and an adjustable collar upon the shaft to take the end
thrust, all substantially as described and illustrated.
4. In roller bearings, the combination in Figures 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17,
herein illustrated as suitable for a tram car, of an axle box with closed end,
cylindrical journal, cylindrical rollers with grooved ends, dumb-bell rollers each
having four knobs, live adjustable rings, stationary paths for the said dumb-bell
rollers, an end thrust ball rolling upon an adjustable curved circular path formed
upon the screwed cap, all substantially as described and illustrated.
5. In roller bearings, the combination in Figures 18 and 19, herein illustrated as
an axle box suitable for a road vehicle, an axle, a sleeve attached to said axle, and
cylindrical on its exterior on that portion on which the rollers roll, and having a
curved path at each end carrying a ball to take up the end thrust, parallel rollers
with grooved ends, dumb-bell rollers each having four knobs, live adjustable rings
and curved stationary paths for the said dumb-bell rollers, all substantially as
described and illustrated.
6. In roller bearings, the combination in Figures 20 and 21, herein illustrated as
an axle box suitable for a road vehicle, an axle, a sleeve fixed upon the axle and
turned cylindrical on that portion on which the rollers roll, outside rollers with
grooved ends rolling upon said sleeve, with special thrust collars upon the sleeve,
axle box, and rollers, dumb-bell rollers each having four knobs, live adjustable
rings and covers having curved paths upon them for the said dumb-bell rollers
to roll upon, all substantially as described and illustrated.
7. In roller bearings the combination in Figures 22 and 23, herein illustrated as
an axle box suitable for a road vehicle, an axle, a sleeve fixed upon the axle with
cylindrical exterior on that portion on which the rollers roll, outside rollers with
grooved ends rolling upon said sleeve with special thrust collars upon the sleeve,
axle box, and rollers, balls separating the rollers with their centres at a greater

page_text: radial distance from the centre of the journal, than the centres of the rollers
are from the centre of the journal, and adjustable stationary paths attached to
the sleeve for the said balls, substantially as described and illustrated.
8. The types of rollers, dumb-bell rollers, paths and adjustable rings shown in
Figures 24, 25, 26, 29 and 30, having cylindrical surfaces upon the rollers, dumb-
bell rollers, paths and adjustable rings, substantially as described and illustrated.
9. In roller bearings the combination in Figures 27 and 28, herein illustrated as
suitable for cycle bearings, with special thrust collars upon the journal, axle box
and rollers, cylindrical rollers with enlarged grooved ends, a pair of balls arranged
between each two adjacent rollers with their centres at a greater radial distance
from the centre of the journal, than the centres of the rollers are from the centre of
the journal, and adjustable paths for the balls to roll upon, substantially as
described and illustrated.
Dated this 30th day of September 1893.
JOHN P. O'DONNELL,
70 & 71, Palace Chambers, Bridge Street, Westminster, S.W.,
Agent for the said Applicants.