Improvements in and connected with Continuous Burning Kilns for Bricks and other Articles.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Aug., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 24th Apr., 1900-Accepted, 26th May, 1900
Improvements in and connected with Continuous Burning Kilns for
Bricks and other Articles.
I, ADAM ADAMS, of St. Michael's House, Old Fletton, Peterborough, in the
County of Huntingdon, Brick Works Manager, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in that class of kiln known as Hoff-
man's kilns" and has for its object an improved construction and arrangement
of parts whereby the waste heat from each chamber or oven can be utilized to
its full extent, by conveying the burnt gases to a chamber or oven of green
bricks to perform the process of water-smoking, and whereby steam is generated
in a series of boilers some of which are being continually heated whilst others
for a time are out of use.
In carrying my invention into effect I construct a number of chambers or
ovens in any suitable order and connected with each other and by means of flues
with a common smoke chamber or chambers, leading to the chimney or smoke
stack as hereinafter described.
Over the chambers or ovens are arranged a series of horizontal pipes or flues
through which the gases are conveyed along the top of the kiln. Each chamber
or oven is capable of being connected and disconnected with a series of these
horizontal pipes or flues by suitable valves and these horizontal pipes or flues are
provided with other valves by which they can be connected and disconnected
with the upper parts of vertical pipes or flues constructed or built within the
walls dividing the chambers or ovens. The lower ends of these vertical pipes
or flues open into hot air flues formed along one side and below the floor of each
chamber or oven and extending from end to end thereof. The floors of the
chambers or ovens along one side thereof have openings distributed along the
length thereof communicating with said hot air flues; along the opposite side
of these floors are formed a number of openings communicating with flues for
the waste gases, constructed below such floors, and such latter flues lead to the
smoke chamber or chambers with which they may be connected or disconnected
by suitable valves.
Thus the fire is continually travelling round the kiln in one direction.
Passages for the fire are formed one at each end and at intervals along the
walls between the chambers or ovens and the inner ends of the latter are bayed
to resist the bulging of the smoke chamber walls due to the influence of the
heat.
Holes are formed in the roofs of the chambers or ovens through which smudge
or other fuel is fed to assist burning.
"
The burning is commenced by the usual method employed in Hoffman
kilus." Where two or three chambers or ovens of bricks are burnt one or more
of the valves leading into the horizontal pipes or flues above the said chambers
or ovens is or are opened as also the valves leading to the vertical pipes or flues

page_text: connected to the hot air flue of the chamber or oven to be water-smoked. The
hot gases are thus drawn by the draught of the chimney from the upper part of
the burning chambers or ovens along the pipes at the top of the kiln and
delivered at the bottom of the chamber or oven required to be water-smoked.
When the water-smoking in a chamber or oven is nearly completed the hot gases
are shut off therefrom and the main fire is drawn in through the passages in the
side walls and the burning completed in the usual manner.
The process above described is repeated with each chamber as the fire travels
round the kiln thus producing bricks or other articles evenly dried and burnt.
The whole arrangement can be worked from the top of the kiln.
I arrange a series of boilers in spaces formed in the roofs of the chambers or
ovens, cach of such boilers being provided with the usual fittings and with
valves enabling them to be connected and disconnected with common feed and
steam pipes.
As the fire travels round the kiln there are always a certain number of
chambers or ovens hot so that at any given time a certain number of the boilers
are being heated.
The valves are so arranged that, say, any two boilers can be cut off for repairs
at one time.
As a modification the boilers may be placed in the smoke chamber or chambers
and so utilize the heat after it has left the chambers or ovens.
Dated this 29th day of August 1899.
HARRIS & MILLS,
23, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents.
Improvements in and connected with Continuous Burning Kilns for
Bricks and other Articles.
I, ADAM ADAMS, of St. Michael's House, Old Fletton, Peterborough, in the
County of Huntingdon, Brick Works Manager, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particu-
larly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
This invention relates to improvements in that class of kiln known as "Hoff-
man's kilns" and has for its object an improved construction and arrangement
of parts whereby the waste heat from each chamber or oven can be utilized to
its full extent, by conveying the burnt gases to a chamber- or oven of green
bricks to perform the process of water-smoking, and whereby steam is generated
in a series of boilers some of which are being continually heated whilst others
for a time are out of use.
In carrying my invention into effect I construct a number of chambers or
ovens in any suitable order and connected with each other and by means of flues
with a common smoke chamber or chambers, leading to the chimney or smoke
staek as hereinafter described.
I will describe my invention by the aid of the accompanying drawings in
which Figs. 1 and 1 are half plans drawn on the line 1-1 of Fig. 5. Figs. 2
and 2 are half plans drawn on the line 2-2 of Fig. 5. Fig. 3 is a half side
clevation. Fig. 4 is a half longitudinal section drawn on the line 4-1 of Fig.
and Fig. 5 is a cross section drawn on the line 5-5 of Fig. 2 showing a kiln
constructed according to my invention. Fig. 6 is a sectional view and Fig. 7 a
part elevation showing a modification.

page_text: a a are the various ovens or chambers, over these chambers or ovens are
arranged a series of horizontal pipes or flues b, through which the gases are
conveyed along the top of the kiln. Each chamber or oven a is capable of
being connected and disconnected with a series of these horizontal pipes or
flues by suitable valves e placed in valve chambers formed above an open-
ing in the roof of the chambers or ovens a and communicating with the
horizontal pipes or flues 6 and these horizontal pipes or flues b are provided with
other valves c placed in valve chambers formed at the junction of the hori-
zontal pipes or flues with the vertical pipes or flues & by which they can be
connected and disconnected with the upper parts of vertical pipes or flues d
constructed or built within the walls a dividing the chambers or ovens a;
and in order that these valves may be operated from the roof of the kiln the
tops of the valve chambers c³, care closed by covers 6 fitting on seats c. The
lower ends of these vertical pipes or flues d open into hot air flues e formed along
one side and below the floor u of each chamber or oven a and extending from
end to end thereof. The floors as of the chambers or ovens a along one side
thereof have openings a distributed along the length thereof communicating
with said hot air flues e; along the opposite side of these floors are formed a
number of openings a communicating with flues f for the waste gases, con-
structed below such floors a³, and such latter flues lead to the smoke chamber
or chambers with which they may be connected or disconnected by suitable
valves g. There are also openings a* in the floors of the corner ovens or
chambers to serve the same purpose as the openings a*.
The smoke chambers g lead into the flue or chimney . 10 are the outer
walls of the kiln and a are the door ways or entrances to the chambers or
ovens a. Thus the fire is continually travelling round the kiln in one direction.
Passages as for the fire are formed one at each end and at intervals along
the walls al between the chambers or ovens a and the inner ends a of the
latter are bayed to resist the bulging of the smoke chamber walls due to the
influence of the heat.
Holes are formed in the roofs a of the chambers or ovens a through which
smudge or other fuel is fed to assist burning.
"
The burning is commenced by the usual method employed in Hoffman
kilns." When two or three chambers or ovens a of bricks are burnt one or
more of the valves & belonging to those chambers and leading into the horizontal
pipes or flues above the said chambers or ovens is or are opened as also the
valves c leading to the vertical pipes or flues & connected to the hot air flue e
of the chamber or oven a to be water smoked; the corresponding valve g¹ in
the smoke chamber g being also opened.
The hot gases are thus drawn by the draught of the chimney from the
upper part of the burning chambers or ovens a through the opening along
the pipes b at the top of the kiln then down the vertical pipes or flues d whence
they are delivered at the bottom of the chamber or oven a required to be water
smoked. When the water smoking in a chamber or oven a is nearly completed
the hot gases are shut off therefrom and the main fire is drawn in through the
passages in the side walls a¹ and the burning completed in the usual manner.
The process above described is repeated with each chamber a as the fire
travels round the kiln thus producing bricks or other articles evenly dried and
burnt.
The whole arrangement can be worked from the top of the kiln.
I arrange a series of boilers h resting on piers or supports a¹ in spaces a
formed in the roofs a of the chambers or ovens a, each of such boilers h being
provided with the usual fittings namely safety valve h³, water gauge h³, water
cocks h³, manhole h, blow out cocks and steam gauge he; valves enable
the boilers to be connected and disconnected with common feed and steam
pipes j and k.
As the fire travels round the kiln there are always a certain number of chambers

page_text: or ovens a hot so that at any given time a certain number of the boilers are
being heated.
The valves are so arranged that, say, any two boilers can be cut off
for inspection or repairs at one time. As a modification the boilers h may be
placed in the smoke chamber or chambers and so utilize the heat after it has
left the chambers or ovens a.
In the modification shown at Figs. 6 and 7 the lot air flues e are dispensed
with and the lower parts of the vertical pipes or flues d are built in brickwork
leaving small openings a between the joints of the latter and a larger opening a¹
at the floor level to break up the heat into small currents on its way down said
pipes or flues d.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. In a continuous burning kiln the combination of a series of ovens or
chambers connected with each other, holes in the roofs of such chambers through
which smudge or other fuel is fed to assist burning, a common smoke chamber
at the back ends of these ovens or chambers with which the latter communicate,
a smoke stack or chimney into which the smoke chamber opens and bayed
inner ends to the ovens or chambers to resist the bulging of the smoke chamber
walls, substantially as herein set forth.
2. In a continuous burning kiln, the combination of a series of ovens or
chambers, holes in the roofs of such chambers through which smudge or other
fuel is fed to assist burning, fire passages at intervals along the walls dividing
such ovens or chambers, main outlet flues below the oven floors on the side of
the chamber opposite to the fire entrance, openings in the floors communicating
with said main outlet flues, a smoke chamber into which the outlet flues open,
a smoke stack or chimney into which the smoke chamber opens and bayed inner
ends to the ovens or chambers to resist the bulging of the smoke chamber walls,
substantially as herein set forth.
3. In a continuous burning kiln the combination of a series of ovens or
chambers, holes in the roofs of such chambers through which smudge or other
fuel is fed to assist burning, bayed inner ends to such ovens or chambers, a
series of horizontal pipes or flues above said ovens or chambers, a series of
vertical pipes or flues within the walls dividing the chambers or ovens, and
communicating with the interior thereof, valves to connect or disconnect the
horizontal pipes or flues with the ovens or chambers, valves to connect and dis-
connect the horizontal and vertical pipes or flues, main outlet flues below the
oven Hoors on the side opposite to that of the vertical pipes or flues, openings
along one side of the oven floors communicating with such outlet flues, a smoke
chamber into which such outlet flues open and a smoke stack or chimney into
which the smoke chamber opens, substantially as herein set forth.
4. In a continuous burning kiln the combination of a series of ovens or
chambers, holes in the roofs of such chambers through which smudge or other
fuel is fed to assist burning, bayed inner ends to such ovens or chambers, a
series of horizontal pipes or flues above said ovens or chambers, a series of
vertical pipes or flues within the walls dividing the chambers or ovens, hot air
Hlues along one side and below the floors of the ovens or chambers and com-
municating with said vertical pipes or flues, openings in and along one side of
the oven floors communicating with said hot air flues valves to connect and
disconnect the horizontal pipes or flues with the ovens or chambers, valves to
connect and disconnect the horizontal and vertical pipes or flues, main outlet
flues below the oven floors on the side opposite to that of the vertical pipes or
flues, openings along one side of the oven floors communicating with such
outlet flues, a smoke chamber into which such outlet flues open and a smoke
:

page_text: stack or chimney into which the smoke chamber opens, substantially as herein
set forth,
5. In a continuous burning kiln the combination of a series of ovens or
chambers, main outlet flues below the oven floors and communicating with
the interior of the ovens or chambers, a smoke chamber into which the outlet
flues open, a smoke stack or chimney into which the smoke chamber opens
and valves to such outlet flues to connect and disconnect them with the smoke
chamber, substantially as herein set forth.
or
6. In a continuous burning kiln the combination of a series of ovens
chambers, openings or spaces in the roofs of such ovens or chambers, steam
boilers within said openings or spaces or within the smoke chambers, piers
to support said boilers, common feed and steam pipes connected with such
boilers and valves on such feed and steam pipes to enable any two boilers to be
cut off at any given time for examination or repairs, substantially as herein
set forth.
Dated this 24th day of April 1900.
-
HARRIS & MILLS,
23, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents.