IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAIN PIPES AND IN MACHINERY FOR PRODUCING THE CARD"
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Jackson Milnes Townsend, of Searby, near
Brigg, in the County of Lincoln, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DRAIN PIPES AND IN MACHINERY FOR PRODUCING THE CARD"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Jackson Milnes
Townsend at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 16th January 1857.
I, THOMAS JACKSON MILNES TOWNSEND, of Searby, near Brigg, in the
County of Lincoln, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAIN PIPES, AND IN THE MACHINERY FOR PRODUCING THE
SAME," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in cutting ordinary drain pipes (formed by
forcing clay through suitable dies in a continuous length) into convenient
lengths for use, in such manner that the ends of each piece of pipe shall be
formed into corresponding indents or ledges, by which means the ends of the
pipes when laid together interlock and mutually support each other, which
prevents the sinking of either end without requiring any flange or socket for
that purpose. A continuous drain pipe is thus cheaply and easily produced,
flush both on the internal and external surfaces.
The machinery for this purpose consists, firstly, of a bench or table, to the

page_text: sides of which are fitted hollow or grooved guide irons to determine and regu-
late the form of the cut; secondly, of a frame furnished with a series of cutting
wires, which frame works vertically, horizontally, or otherwise within the said
guide irons, according to the form which is to be given to the ends of the lengths
of nine.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Jackson Milnes Townsend in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 19th June 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
JACKSON MILNES TOWNSEND, of Searby, near Brigg, in the County of Lincoln,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Thomas Jackson Milnes Townsend, Her special licence that I, the said
Thomas Jackson Milnes Townsend, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Thomas Jackson Milnes Townsend, my execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAIN PIPES, AND IN
MACHINERY FOR PRODUCING THE SAME," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Thomas Jackson Milnes Townsend, my executors or admi-
nistrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Lotters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Jackson Milnes Townsend, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say:
These improvements consist in cutting ordinary drain pipes (formed by
forcing clay through suitable dies in a continuous length) into convenient

page_text: lengths for use, in such manner that the ends of each piece of pipe shall be.
formed into corresponding indents or ledges, by which means the ends of the.
pipes when laid together interlock and mutually support each other, which
prevents the sinking of either end without requiring any flange or socket for.
that purpose. A continuous drain pipe is thus cheaply and easily produced,
flush both on the internal and external surfaces.
The machinery for this purpose consists, firstly, of a bench or table, to the
sides of which are fitted hollow or grooved guide irons to determine and regu-
late the form of the cut; secondly, of a frame furnished with a series of cutting
wires, which frame works vertically, horizontally, or otherwise within the said
guide irons according to the form which is to be given to the ends of the lengths
of pipe.
And in order that the same may be more fully understood, reference is had
to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon, that is to say:-
Figures 1, 2, and 3 represent lengths of drain pipes that have been formed
by forcing clay through suitable dies in a continuous length and afterwards
cut up into short lengths by means of an apparatus herein-after described.
Figure 1, it will be seen, is formed with an indent a at one end, and a pro-
jecting ledge b at the other, both of which are identical in their conformation,
so that when contrary ends are placed in juxtaposition they fit each other and
form a close joint, the end a of each length of pipe resting upon and being
supported by the ledge b. Figure 2 shews a different conformation of the
divided ends. In addition to the recess c and ledge d there is an angular pro-
jection e, with a corresponding angular recess fat the other end, by which the
supporting and interlocking is made more complete. Figure 3 is a modification
of Figure 1, the ends of the indent and ledge being formed angularly to effect
the interlocking. Various other forms may likewise be given to the ends of the
pipes, so that when they are laid together they shall interlock and mutually
support each other. And although I have shewn those forms which I have
found to be suitable for the said purpose, I do not confine myself thereto.
The machinery which I employ for the purpose of cutting drain pipes into
lengths, and by the same operation giving the required conformation to the
ends thereof, is shewn at Figure 4, and consists of a frame or table A, A, to
the sides of which are fitted four iron guides B, B. In this case they are of
the kind used for producing the lengths of pipe shewn at Figure 3, the internal
groove or slot being of the same form as that which is to be given to the ends
of the pipes. Figure 7 is an enlarged view of one of these guide irons detached
from the cutting table. Figure 6 is a guide iron of the pattern employed for

page_text: cutting the lengths of pipe shewn at Figure 2; and Figure 5, a guide iron for
the pipe, Figure 1. The guide irons B, B, are attached to the side of the
cutting frame or table by screws, which pass through slots in the lower part of
the guide iron, so as to admit of their being raised or lowered when cutting
pipes of different sizes. C, C, Figure 4, is a cutting frame, consisting of two
parallel sides, between which are stretched the cutting wires g, g, g; h, h, are
rollers, which travel in the slots or grooves of the guide irons B, B, and controul
the movement of the cutting frame; I is a forked iron, attached at its upper
ends to the cutting frame C, and at its lower end to a lever or treddle K; Lis
the handle of the cutting frame; M, M, are a series of endless bands travelling
round rollers, for the reception and traversing of the pipe to be cut. The length
of pipe being received upon the bands M, the workman takes hold of the
handle L for the purpose of giving to the cutting frame C the necessary hori-
zontal or angular motion, the vertical movement being produced by the pressure
of his foot on the outer extremity of the treddle K. The recess b', at the top
of the guide irons B, forms a resting place for the cutting frame C when raised.
Inasmuch as the cutting frame C and wires g must move together in the path
prescribed by the guide iron B, B, it necessarily follows that any number of
pipes thus cut will present the same pattern on their ends, so that each length
will fit every other length of the series, and mutually interlock and support one
another without requiring the use of collars, flats, or flanges.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I desire it to be understood that what I claim is,-
Firstly, the cutting of drain pipes into convenient lengths for use in such
manner that the form given to the ends shall cause them when laid together
to interlock and mutually support cach other without the use of collars, flats,
or flanges.
Secondly, the apparatus for effecting the said cutting, as herein-before
described and shewn.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Jackson Milnes Townsend, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of Junc, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
THOMAS JACKSON MILNES TOWNSEND. (L.S.)
Witness,
W. BADDELEY.