and for the Hardening of Stone, Cements, and other Materials.LOMER OR CONS
Year: 1885

page_text: and for the Hardening of Stone, Cements, and other
Materials.
I BENJAMIN JOSEPH BARNARD MILLS of the firm of Harris and Mills of
23 Southampton Buildings in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent do hereby
declare the nature of said Invention for A PROCESS FOR THE AGGLOMERATION OR
CONSOLIDATION OF MATERIALS AND FOR THE HARDENING OF STONE, CEMENTS AND
OTHER MATERIALS, a communication to me from Abroad by Charles Laboré of
15 Rue de Jarente, Lyons in the Republic of France, Merchant, to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object
First. To economise the employment of cements, lime and other similar materials
in the creation of agglomerates of various materials such as sands calcined cinders
debris or rubbish of quarries, plaster chalk and other materials to the exclusion of
marly and earthy materials in proportions hitherto unknown which gives an
economy of about nine tenths for cement.
Second. To permit the introduction into these agglomerates of a considerable
quantity of vegetable materials such as bay, straw, rushes, algo, cork, wood saw
dust and other materials replacing the natural or calcined mineral materials above
mentioned.
These mineral and vegetable materials being as required mixed together.
Third. To obtain the said agglomerates without baking or compression, the
materials being simply united and joined together.
Fourth. To harden or consolidate soft materials before or after their employment.
There results from this process a considerable economy on the first materials and
on the manufacture, further the introduction of vegetable matters permits the
formation of agglomerates of every bardness and resistance, and of a lightness
hitherto unknown.
To obtain these results the following means are employed.
The materials being suitably mixed and having received the desired form the
object is allowed to dry completely and it is then plunged into a solution of any
suitable sulphate, particularly the sulphate of zinc with the addition of rock alum.

page_text: This first bath will mark only about 10° to 20° on the Beaumé brine gauge; the
immersion will be for 24 hours at the maximum.
To increase the hardness, the compound may after a second drying be subjected
to a second bath of greater density.
According to the nature of the objects the baths may be replaced by three or four
waterings or brushings with the same liquid leaving the space of one or several
days between the various applications.
The products thus obtained without baking or compression will have a resistance
which will be the result less of the cement or other materials than of the employ-
ment of the liquid prescribed.
This liquid may also serve for the hardening of soft or absorbent stone by
applying it by a brush at several operations and at intervals of several days with a
density of about 20° to 30°.
It may also serve for the hardening of all ancient or modern constructions and
for the indefinite preservation of public monuments better than the silicates which
cost more and are soluble, whilst this indurator is insoluble to moisture and to hot
water.
By the introduction of sulphates in the concrete and solid state into plasters,
lime, cements, mixed or not with other mineral matters the too quick action thereof
is delayed, and there is given to these matters an exceptional hardness and an
extraordinary adherence even upon the smoothest surfaces, such as glass; wood-
work coated with this material becomes incombustible and requires neither oil nor
varnish.
B. J. B. MILLS.
By Harris & Mills, Patent Agents,
23, Southampton Buildings.

page_text: A Process for the Agglomeration or Consolidation of Materials,
and for the Hardening of Stone, Cements, and other
Materials.
I, BENJAMIN JOSEPH BARNARD MILLS of the firm of Harris and Mills of
23 Southampton Buildings in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention, a communication to me from abroad by
Charles Laboré of 15 Rue de Jarente, Lyons in the Republic of France, Merchant,
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The invention has for its object :-
First. To economise the employment of cements, lime, and other similar materials
in the creation of agglomerates of various materials such as sands calcined cinders,
debris or rubbish of quarries, plaster, chalk and other materials, to the exclusion of
marly and earthy materials in proportions hitherto unknown which gives an
economy of about nine tenths for cement.
Second. To permit the introduction into these agglomerates of a considerable
quantity of vegetable materials such as hay, straw, rushes, algo, cork wood, saw-
dust and other materials replacing the natural or calcined mineral materials above
mentioned.
These mineral and vegetable materials being as required mixed together.
Third. To obtain the said agglomerates without baking or compression, the
materials being simply united and joined together.
Fourth. To harden or consolidate soft materials before or after their employment.
There results from this process a considerable economy on the first materials and
on the manufacture further the introduction of vegetable matters permits the
formation of agglomerates of every hardness and resistance and of a lightness
hitherto unknown.
To obtain these results the following means are employed.
The materials being suitably mixed and having received the desired form the
object is allowed to dry completely and it is then plunged into a solution of any
suitable sulphate particularly the sulphate of zinc with the addition of rock alum.
This first bath will mark only about 10° to 20° on the Beaumé brine gauge; the
immersion will be for 24 hours at the maximum.
To increase the hardness, the compound may after a second drying be subjected
to a second bath of greater density.
According to the nature of the objects the baths may be replaced by three or four
waterings or brushings with the same liquid, leaving the space of one or several
days between the various applications.
The pruducts thus obtained without baking or compression will have a resistance
which will be the result less of the cement or other inaterials than of the employ-
ment of the liquid above mentioned.
The vegetable materials introduced as above described into these products, being
bound together may be made into the form of any desired hollow vessel, basins of

page_text: reservoirs and even boats or ships requiring to contain any liquids or to float upon
the water the interstices being stopped by the means above indicated and the entire
having received the desired hardness by the employment of the above mentioned
liquid, partitions or walls, watertight or not may be produced by the same means.
This liquid may also serve for the hardening of soft or absorbent stone by
applying it by a brush at several operations and at intervals of several days, with
a density of about 20° to 30°.
It may also serve for the hardening of all ancient or modern constructions and
for the indefinite preservation of public monuments better than the silicates which
cost more and are soluable whilst this indurator is insoluable to moisture and to
hot water.
By the introduction of sulphates in the concrete and solid state into plasters,
lime, cements mixed or not with other mineral matters the too sudden action
thereof is avoided and there is given to these matters an exceptional hardness and
an extraordinary adherance even upon the smoothest surfaces, such as glass;
woodwork coated with this material becomes incombustible and requires neither oil
nor varnish.
Metallic surfaces such as the hulls of ships, plating, conduits for water or gas or
other structures can, by this process, be covered with an insoluble coat or covering
of cement or lime the effect of which is to increase their durability and to preserve
them from oxidation.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. The agglomeration of materials without firing or compression with a very
small quantity of cement, lime or other cementing material mixed in the pro-
portion of from to with common materials by means of a mineralizing and
hardening liquid of the composition above described.
2. The introduction into the said aggiomerates of vegetable materials in
considerable quantity, hardened and agglomerated by the same liquid, these
materials being capable by their union of constituting the body of various
receivers, basins reservoirs, boats and other articles, of watertight partitions or of
walls of separation.
3. The hardening of soft stones and the preservation of monuments by means
of the same liquid.
4. The hardening of plasters or cements by their mixture either with the liquid
before mentioned, or with the salts which enter into its composition.
Dated this 20th of October 1885.
B. J. B. MILLS.
By Harris & Mills,
23, Southampton Buildings,
Agents.