An Improved Electro-magnetic Motor in which Dead Points are Obviated.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Oct., 1894-Accepted, 9th Feb., 1895
An Improved Electro-magnetic Motor in which Dead Points are
Obviated.
I, IGNAZ VAGO of 12 Staffenbergergasse, Buda-Pest, VIII, in the Kingdom of
Hungary, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to an electro-magnetic motor or machine working with
direct or alternating currents and so constructed and arranged that dead points are
avoided.
The machine is very simple in construction and does not require special
frame-work.
And in order that my said invention may be properly understood I have
hereunto appended two explanatory sheets of drawings whereon,
Fig. 1 is a side view of a machine constructed in accordance with the invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of the same.
Fig. 3 is a view of the machine as it appears when the cover is removed, showing
a diagrammatic arrangement of the coils of the armature and of the field magnets.
Fig. 4 is a longitudinal vertical section of the machine.
Fig. 5 is a view of the commutator.
Figs. 6 to 10 are detail views.
Referring to the drawings:
for
The field magnets consist of a suitable number of lamellet having the form of a
flattened C (four of these plates are shown in Fig. 3) and which are connected
together in such a manner that their bent ends a are on the periphery of a circle
concentric with the shaft C. These field magnets T1, T2, T3, T4, which are braced
together by cross plates d are, as shown, so arranged as to form a quadrilateral
frame which is not only capable of carrying all the fittings but can be fitted in any
desired position without a special frame-work, the flat sides forming a sufficient
bearing surface. End covers e are secured to the projecting ends of the plates d
and these covers are provided in their boxes f with interchangeable bearings
carrying the shaft C. Oil is supplied to the bearings through the lubricators f.
That part of the shaft C which is enclosed within the covers e is not round as at
the extremities, but is formed into two quadrangular prisms, the sides of one prism
being at an angle of 45° to those of the other. Upon each of these quadrangular
prisms is mounted a double armature consisting of eight V shaped lamellæ g
divided into two sets of four each and which are rigidly connected the one with
the other and their ends g¹ being so curved as to be concentric with the ends a of
the field magnets t (Fig. 3). The lamellæ g and t have a corresponding width so
that the two double armatures have the same combined width as the field magnets
formed by the four sets of lamellæ T¹ to T'. The eight corresponding parts g of
each armature are soldered together.
The arrangement of the field magnets and of the armatures is much simpler than
in other similar machines, and, also, so far as the armatures are concerned, it is a
great advantage that, owing to the method of connecting the lamellæ together, an
opening is left for the passage of the shaft C.
The commutator H consists of two parts of similar construction. On both sides
of the triangular projections of the stout rings h', ², two rings of corresponding
shape, are fitted, one of which presses, by means of the flange i, the sleere i against

page_text: the projection whenever the other ring is pressed against the other projecting
surface by a nut screwed upon the end of the sleeve i. The rings h¹ and h
consist of four divisions insulated in such a manner from each other by the
insulating blocks 7 (Fig. 5) that the divisions of one ring form an angle of 45°
with those of the other. These divisions are so connected by wires 1, 2, 3, 4 with
the double armatures that whenever one is supplied with the electric current the
other is without a supply. In this manner dead points are avoided in the machine
which can, consequently, be set in motion without regard to the position of the
shaft C. By turning the arm S the brush holders n. and o (Fig. 2) and their
brushes and o' can be made to assume three different positions relatively with
the commutator rings. In the first position the machine will rotate in one direction,
in the second position the machine will rotate in a reverse direction and in the third
position the machine will be brought to a standstill. In order to obtain this result
the contact rails 8, upon which the brush holders n, o can slide, are insulated at
their central parts i.e. opposite the contacts r and p.
As shown at Fig. 4 the shaft C is made with a channel through which the
wires 1, 2, 3, 4 (Figs. 4 and 5) pass. The wires 1 and 2 are connected to the
armature at the left hand side of Fig. 4 and enclosed by the magnets T¹ and T'
whilst the wires 3 and 4 are connected to the other armature.
The course of the current can be seen from the diagram at Fig. 3, it being
assumed that the current enters at the binding screw 5 and flows through the field
magnets in the direction indicated by the arrowed line. If the armatures are in
the position shown at Fig. 3 the commutator is in the position shown at Figure 5
and the brushes o¹ of the brush holder o as well as the brushes n' of the brush
holder n are in contact with the current breakers or insulators 7 as indicated by
the two arrows Fig. 5. Should the armature which is enclosed within the
magnets T3 and T be now turned slightly to the right hand side (Fig. 3) the
brushes come in contact with the parts of the commutator which are electrically
connected with the wires 2 and 3. The current flowing through the coils of the
field magnets will, in consequence of this position, reach the contact p after having
passed through the field magnets and the circuit strip m, as this contact is electri-
cally connected with the strip. The current will now pass through the brush
holder n and the brushes n¹ on to the wire 2 and thence through the coils of the
armature enclosed within the magnets T and T. The current subsequently enters
the wire 1 and passes through the brushes o¹ and brush holder o on its way to a
second metallic strip m' (Fig. 2) by means of which it reaches the binding screw 6
and finally passes out from the machine.
As soon as the shaft C has accomplished oue-eighth of a revolution the armature
enclosed within the magnets T₁ and T is supplied with the current in a similar
manner to that herein before described for the other armature.
Fig. 6 is a diagram showing a method of construction which can be advan-
tageously employed for small machines. In this arrangement the machine would
have two poles and the lamella constituting the field magnets would form an
elliptical ring.
Fig. 7 is a diagram of a multipolar machine having six poles and from which it
will be understood that the number of the lamellæ used may vary.
In the construction shown at Fig. 8 which is a diagram of a dynamo the poles
of the field magnets are strengthened by arranging within the spaces 9, formed
between the field magnets, flat iron rings 10 (see cross section) the inner space of
which is filled with adjoining metal strips. To regulate such a dynamo I use a
rheostat shown in side and plan view at Figures 9 and 10. Upon the lower
trame 12 of this rheostat are arranged the vertical bars 14 carrying transverse
arms through which passes an upright axle 20 having on it two collars 21 and a
small roller 17 at its upper end. One end of each conical spiral 22 is fixed to the
collars 21 whilst the other end is fixed to the transverse arms 13.
Any suitable
number of such spirals can be used provided that a corresponding number of collars
and arms are provided. In the upper frame of the rheostat is arranged a shaft 23

page_text: having a cam 18 on it. By the aid of a crank 24 which slides along the ring 16
This cam can be turned and the roller 17 raised-or be allowed to follow the action
of the spiral 22 and hence be lowered. When the roller 17 is raised the axle 20 is
carried along with it, and, consequently, the upper coil of the spiral is separated
from the compressed lower coils. The higher the roller 17 is raised the more the
spiral coils will become separated and as a result the greater will be the resistance
offered by the spirals. The rheostat is connected with the dynamo to be regulated
in such a manner that by moving the crank handle 24 the dynamo can be regulated
very correctly.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
consider novel and desire to claim is :-
1. An electro-magnetic motor or machine characterised by having somewhat
C shaped lamellæ which are connected together in such a manner as to form with
their curved ends (a) twin magnets within which revolve one or more armatures
formed of somewhat V shaped lamellæ, the ends (91) of the ✓ shaped lamellæ
corresponding to the ends (a) of the C shaped lamellæ, substantially as and for
the advantages hereinbefore set forth.
2. In an electro-magnetic motor or machine such as that claimed in Claim 1, a
commutator H whose brushes n', o' can be brought into three different positions by
the aid of an arm S connected with the brush holders n, o, substantially as and for
the purpose set forth.
3. In an electro-magnetic motor or machine such as that claimed in Claim 1, two
armatures set on the shaft at an angle to each other and which are alternately
supplied with the electric current by means of two commutators also arranged at
an angle to each other, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
4. The combination with an electro-magnetic motor or machine such as that
claimed in Claim 1, of a rheostat having one (or more than one) metallic spiral (22)
one end of which is fixed whilst the other end can be raised so as to regulate the
resistance developed by the spiral, substantially as herein before described with
reference to the drawings annexed.
Dated this 23rd day of October 1894
H. D. FITZPATRICK,
70, Wellington Street, Glasgow, Agent.