Improvements in Pneumatic or other Tyres and Tubes for Conveying Liquids, Gases, or Air.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Oct., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 29th Aug., 1898-Accepted, 15th Oct., 1898
Improvements in Pneumatic or other Tyres and Tubes for Conveying
Liquids, Gases, or Air.
I, JOSEPII HALL, of Hill Cottage, Cropwell-Butler, near Nottingham, in the
County of Nottingham, Inventor, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:
This invention relates to improvements in pneumatic or other tyres, and tubes
for conveying liquids, gases or air.
The substance or material, hereinafter termned the material, of which the tyre or
tube is made, may be of metal and is either plain, folded, pleated, corrugated,
crinkled, or in sheets, threads, strips, tubes, gauze or netting, combined with flexible
material such as parchment, paper, hide, leather, cork, steel, platinum, or a com-
bination of two or more of them, such as crinkled steel and glue or albumen, or
crinkled gauze and cement or a combination of two or more of them may be
combined in one or more thicknesses or layers.
The substance may be so formed that one or more of the materials employed
may be, say, crinkled, while any other may be, say plain, and each or all the
layers may be covered as with, say, cork, or felt, or any or all the layers may be
uncovered.
When two or more thicknesses, layers, or sheets are combined they may be
held together by adhesive solution, or compound, such as, say, glue, starch or
paste; or by pressure, or by being vulcanised together; or interwoven, plaited,
folded, wrapped together or one or more may be wound round the other helically
or otherwise, or by chemical or electrical treatment made to fuse, blend or render
the whole homogeneous.
When the material is employed for tubes they may be distended wholly or in
parts with air, gas, liquid, cotton wool, metallic or other granulations, or spiral
springs may be inserted in them.
The crinkles, folds, pleats, corrugations may be of the same or varying depths,
and continuous, similar and parallel to form symmetrical indentations and to ex-
pand or unfold only in the same direction and to the same extent as each other.
Or they may be disjointed, variable in depth, width and shape, and arranged radially
or at any angle or angles to allow unequal or partial expansion or expansion in
any or every direction.
When the material is employed for forming tubes such as may be used for
tyres for vehicles, it may be used in either of the following ways:-
First. A length of the material may be wrapped, either longitudinally, spirally or
laterally, say, round a mandrel, roller or lath of any desirable shape, and the edges
may be overlapped and cemented or otherwise joined together, while the portion
overlapping may be left wide enough to enclose steel or other hoops strips, granu-
lations or the like which may or may not be inserted.
Second. A length of the substance or combination of substances may be wrapped
or rolled to form a single roll or convoluted roll with hoops or strips or granu-

page_text: lations or cotton wool, or the like between the convolutions, and the ends suitably
joined.
Or, third. The edge or edges of a flat ring of the substance may be rolled over
to form a single tube or a number of concentric tubes, the interstices of which are
filled wholly or partially, say, with hoops, strips, granulations or cotton wool or the
like.
Or fourth. An ordinary rubber tyre or tube may be surrounded wholly or
partly by the material forming the expanding substance.
Or fifth. A sufficient length may be affixed to one or more strips of rubber and
the edges and ends afterwards glued or cemented together to form a tyre.
Where only one of the simple components such as, say, crinkled parchment,
paper or the like are used, they would be affixed while, say, the folds or crinkles
are contracted so that on inflation the outer crinkled material would form an
expanding resilient protective cover which would contract wholly or partially with
the rubber or other material forming the inner core, cell or tube.
Or, when preferred, crinkled steel, platinum or other metal lined wholly or at
intervals with other crinkled metal or with, say, one or more spiral springs may
be used in place of the rubber and a crinkled cover of parchment or the like may
be affixed or placed loosely over the tube.
When steel is used, it may, if desired, be tinned or galvanised to prevent
corrosion.
Dated this Twenty-eighth day of October 1807
JOSEPH HALL,
By W. Fairburn-Hart,
Agent.
Improvements in Pneumatic or other Tyres and Tubes for Conveying
Liquids, Gases. or Air.
I, JOSEPH HALL, of Hill Cottage, Cropwell-Butler, near Nottingham, in the
County of Nottingham, Inventor, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in, and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in pneumatic or other tyres, and tubes
for conveying liquids, gases or air.
The substance or material, hereinafter termed the material, of which the tyre or
tube is made, may be of metal and is either plain, folded, pleated, corrugated,
crinkled, or in sheets, threads, strips, tubes gauze or netting, combined with flexible
material such as parchment, paper, hide leather, cork, steel, platinum, or a com-
bination of two or more of them, such as crinkled steel and glue or albumen, or
crinkled gauze and cement or a combination of two or more of them may be
combined in one or more thicknesses or layers.
The substance may be so formed that one or more of the materials employed
may be, say, crinkled, while any other may be, say plain, and each or all the
layers may be covered as with, say, cork, or felt, or any or all the layers may be
uncovered.
When two or more thicknesses, layers, or sheets are combined they may be
held together by adhesive solution, or compound, such as, say, glue, starch or
paste or by pressure, or by being vulcanised together, or interwoven, plaited,
folded, wrapped together or one or more may be wound round the other helically
or otherwise or by chemical or electrical treatment made to fuse, blend or render

page_text: the whole homogeneous, and the sheets or layers of material may be treated before,
or after being combined together, with say, resin, tar or other like solution; to
make the same, say, more resilient, airtight or watertight.
When the material is employed for tubes they may be distended wholly or in
parts with air, gas, liquid, cotton wool, metallic or other granulations, or spiral
springs may be inserted in them.
The crinkles, folds, pleats, corrugations may be of the same or varying depths,
and continuous, similar and parallel to form symmetrical indentations and to ex-
pand or unfold only in the same direction and to the same extent as each other.
Or they may be disjointed, variable in depth, width and shape, and arranged radially
or at any angle or angles to allow unequal or partial expansion or expansion in
any or every direction.
In the drawings I have shown several ways of carrying my invention into
practice, for the formation of tubes for tyres, and for conveying, say, liquids,
gases, or air, in which :-
Fig. 1 is a side elevation and
Fig. 2 a sectional elevation, of a helically wound tube for a tyre.
Fig. 3 is a plan and Fig. 4 an end elevation of a portion of the strip or length of
the material for forming tube shown at Figs. 1 and 2.
Fig. 5 is a sectional elevation of a convoluted tube for a tyre constructed
according to this invention.
Figs. 6 and 7 are respectively a plan and a side elevation of a portion of the strip
or length of material for forming the tube shown at Fig. 5.
Figs. 8, 9, 10, and 11 are sectional elevations of tubes for tyres, and which are
constructed according to this invention.
Figs. 12 to 20 are side elevations, end elevations, and plans showing various
methods of, say, crinkling, corrugating the material used in the formation of
tyres or tubes.
Figs. 21 to 29 are plans of portions of the lengths. or strips of material, showing
method of crinkling same for the formation of angles or bends in tubes or pipes,
say. for gas, air, water or the like.
Like parts in all the views are marked with similar letters of reference.
At Figs. 1 to 4 I have shown a bicycle tyre formed by wrapping a suitable strip
or length A of the material, round, say, a mandrel or roller, of any desirable
shape say, as shown longitudinally at A¹ Fig. 3, and the folds or pleats B (which
are of slightly curved configuration when opened out, and parallel to each other,
and terminating in points C and C¹) are made to fit slightly into each other when
wrapped round the mandrel or roller as shown at C2 Fig. 1 that is to say, each
point C¹ on the lower part of the strip will fit into the next point C on the upper
edge of the strip at the right hand, for aiding in keeping the consecutive twists
or turns of the strip in place and which folds or pleats (or rows of folds or pleats
when there is more than one row or line) are placed in and fixed upon the rim E
of the wheel. The edges of the strip overlap as shown at D Fig. 1, and they may
he cemented or otherwise joined together, while the portion overlapping may be
left wide enough to enclose steel or other loops, strips, granulations or the like
which may or may not be inserted. The tread a is shown plain, whilst the sides a¹
of the tyre are shown crinkled or corrugated; or if desired the tread may be
crinkled or corrugated and the sides plain, or both crinkled or corrugated or both
plain. A rubber tube F is shown inserted within the outer tube which may be of
inetal, parchment, or of one or a combination of the herein described materials.
At Figs. 5, 6, and 7 I have shown means for forming a convoluted roll of the
herein described materials or combination of the materials for a bicycle tyre, in
which the strip A is shown by dotted lines divided into three portions a² a³ at.
The nortions marked a are cut out in order to take up any pucker" or crease
when the convoluted tube is bent to form the circular tyre. The portion a² should
be sufficiently broad to form a tube when rolled, and the portion a broad enough
to be wrapped or rolled entirely round portion a³ after said portion a² is formed
6

page_text: into a tube. Portion a' is made sufficiently broad to be rolled round portion a³
which already encloses portion a² the edges of the inner and outer tubes being
cemented or otherwise fastened to the inner tube. The tread a and sides a¹ of
portion a² are shown corrugated; the tread and sides of portion a3 are shown
plain, whilst the tread of portion at is shown plain and its sides a crinkled. If
desired all three portions a², a³, a¹ may have their treads and sides plain, or
crinkled, or partly crinkled and partly plain. The edges of the strip or portion a
may be turned over at a to strengthen and fasten to rim E. Between the con-
volutions may be inserted hoops or strips, or granulations, or cotton wool a', as
shown at Fig. 5, and the ends suitably joined.
The convoluted roll may be formed of more or less than three portions a², a³, a²,
as desired.
At Fig. 8 I have shown the tyre tube formed of three concentric tubes of the
.herein described materials or combination of the materials a², a³, at, the inter-
stices of which are filled wholly or partially, say, with hoops, strips, granulations,
cotton wool a', or the like. The sides of the innermost and outer tubes are shown
crinkled, whilst the inner tube is shown with its tread crinkled.
At Fig. 9 I have shown an ordinary rubber tyre or tube F surrounded by the
crinkled material A forming the expanding substance, or a sufficient length may
be affixed to one or more strips of rubber and the edges and ends afterward
glued or cemented together to form a tyre.
At Fig. 10 I have shown the tyre composed of two crinkled tubes a³ and a* of
the herein described materials or combination of the same, and a deep and wide
corrugation as may be made round the outer periphery of the tyre and a hoop of
wood laminated or otherwise-fixed in it to form the tread which may be a band
or strip of metal, asbestos, fibre, paper or any suitable material enamelled,
vulcanized, galvanized, or the like.
If desired a crinkled diaphragm a10 may be attached as shown at Fig. 11, being
passed edgewise through the tube or tyre, which may have two valves, or the
valve may have two nozzles. Two nozzles may also be used with the other forms
of tyres described.
The crinkles may be placed on the side or sides of the tubes or tyres or on the
tread or on inner periphery or embrace any or all parts, and may be regular or
irregular or both and arranged peripherally, diagonally, spirally, laterally, on
vary in arrangement.
Inner tube or inner surface may be, say, plain whilst the other tube or surface
may be crinkled or vice versa or both, or either may be plain in part and crinkled
in part.
Where only one of the simple components such as, say, crinkled parchment,
paper or the like is used, they would be affixed while, say, the folds or crinkles
are contracted so that on inflation the outer crinkled material would form an
expanding resilient protective cover which would contract wholly or partially
with the rubber or other material forming the inner core, cell or tube.
Or, when preferred, crinkled steel, platinum or other metal lined wholly or at
intervals with other crinkled metal or with, say, one or more spiral springs may be
used in place of the rubber and a crinkled cover of parchment or the like may be
affixed or placed loosely over the tube.
When, steel is used, it may, if desired, be tinned or galvanised to prevent
corrosion.
At Figs. 12, 13, and 14 I have shown several forms of crinkling or pleating the
herein described material or materials, but these are to be taken as examples only
of various ways of crinkling, pleating or corrugating. The crinkles may take
regular forms as at G, Figs. 12 to 14, and H, Figs. 15 to 17, or arranged alternately
as at I and J, Figs. 18 to 20, or they may be partly parallel and partly at right
angles to each other, or at any desired angle to each other, or partly curved and
partly straight or a combination of the two or more of them, or they may be made
to form a design, such as a trade mark.

page_text: When forming angles in the material which when curved or wrapped into tubular
form such as may be used in gas pipes, water pipes and for similar purposes where
air, gas or liquid may be conveyed 1 crinkle, fold, pleat or corrugate an area
or portion of the sheet or strip which when flat is described by an ellipse-or parts
of an ellipse.
Thus when the material is wound helically laterally or longitudinally to form a
tube and an angle is required on or near the centre of the strip the area to be
crinkled or the like would be at or near the centre; in the helical tube the ellipse
would occur diagonally on the strip A as at a Fig. 21, while in the other forms
it would occur at or nearly at right angles to the length of the strip as at a²
Fig. 22.
In forming the ellipse of two parts for a helical tube I form the one portion a³
of the ellipse on one edge, the other part a on the opposite edge as at Figs. 23
and 24 of the flat strip, but, at a sufficient distance along the strip that when wound
round the edges of the one set of crinkles or pleats a³ will meet or nearly meet and
in some cases overlap the edges of the other set of crinkles at and the same
practical effect be obtained as though the ellipse had been treated in the first
instance as a whole, the result being as shown at Fig. 25.
When the strip A is bent laterally or longitudinally the two portions a³ and at of
the ellipse should be placed at opposite edges nearly in a line with each other, as
at Fig. 26, which appear and meet as at rig. 27, when bent longitudinally.
The above forms more especially apply to the inner angle, but the points of
the two halves a³, at of the ellipse may meet in the centre of the strip as at Fig. 28,
or be produced beyond the centre so that they lie parallel or nearly so, as at
Fig. 29 to each other to form a separate crinkle or series of crinkles on the outer
angle.
In pleating, crinkling, folding or the like within the area, of the ellipse as
described the folds are deeper as they more nearly approach the centre of this
area from any direction.
When the angle in the tube is complete the ellipse crinkled, pleated as aforesaid
takes the form of corrugations or ridges most marked and distinct (as at a³) at
the inmost part of the angle and becoming finer and less marked as they recede
towards the opposite side of the tube as shown at a, Fig. 30.
Any angle may be formed by a single fold or more or any number as at a³
Fig. 31.
By crinkling, folding, pleating or corrugating, I form an expanding and con-
tracting material by which wholly or partly the diameter or length, or both
diameter and length, of the tube may be increased or decreased by, say, inflation
of air, gas, vapour or the influx of liquid.
It also forms a resilient material by which a tyre or tube may resist compression,
or expansion and return to its primary shape after compression is removed, that
is to say, a tube so constructed might be inflated and afterwards deflated say by
puncture, whilst the tyre would be held in shape by the resiliency of the material
after deflation and would then be in fact a tubular spring tyre or a spring tube.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed 1 declare that what
I claim is:
d
A pneumatic or other tyre or tube for conveying liquids, gases, or air con-
structed as described by first cutting the described material to the required shape,
then either wholly or partially crinkling, folding, pleating or corrugating, or a
combination of two or more of them-the material to any required depth as described
and illustrated and afterwards wrapping a length of material; (a) either spirally,
longitudinally round a mandrel or its equivalent with the edges overlapping
and cemented or otherwise joined together to form a single tyre or tube;
(b) wrapping or rolling a length of the said material to form a single roll or
convoluted roll with hoops, or their equivalents or cotton wool inserted between the

page_text: convolutions, and the ends joined as described; (c) wrapping or rolling a hat ring
of said material to form a single tube or a number of said tubes inserted within
each other and the interstices wholly or partially filled with hoops or their
equivalents or with cotton wool; (d) wrapping, rolling or affixing the said material
wholly or partially around an ordinary rubber tyre or tube; (e) all arranged and
combined substantially as herein set forth and illustrated in the drawings here-
unto annexed.
Dated this Twenty-fourth day of August 1898