CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN Looms FOR. WEAVING
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT. to Thomas Sagar, of Burnley, in the County of
Lancaster, Machine Maker; and Thomas Richmond, of the same
.Place, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
Looms FOR. WEAVING."
Sealed the-Sth February 1870, and dated the 14th August 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Sagar and
Thomas Richmond at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 14th August 1869.
We, THOMAS SAGAR, of: Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Machine
Maker, and THOMAS. RICHMOND, of the same Place, Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of-the said Invention for " CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
The object of the first part of our Invention is to reduce the cost and
wear of the healds, and also to produce an even shed, by which the
danger of the shuttle flying out is reduced.
Pin 871

page_text: In performing our Invention the warp on leaving the warp beam is
taken as usual over the vibrator or other equivalent, then over and under
a pair of lease rods mounted on swivel links, which are made to vibrate
by a tappet on the tappet shaft or other suitable part of the loom, then
under a rod or roller extending across the loom, and then through our
improved healds or healds of the usual construction. The warp then
passes through the reed, and thence to the taking-up roller as usual.
We propose to use the same number of healds as now customary, but
instead of making them with an eye or loop through which the warp is
drawn we make each heald by linking together two ends of heald yarn;
the warp is drawn in over the above link; or old healds may be used by
drawing the warp over the eye or loop instead of through it, as here-
tofore. The shed is formed by raising a portion of the warp, and this
portion is at that time slackened by the vibration of the lease rods, while
the portion forming the lower part of the shed is not depressed by the
healds as heretofore, but is kept tight by the vibration of the lease rods,
the line from the fell of the cloth to the under side of the rod or roller
above referred to preserving the lower shed perfectly even. The slack-
ness of the upper part of the shed not only allows the cloth to be well
covered, but relieves the healds from the strain of the warp, which will
add very considerably to their durability. We also propose to construct
healds as follows:-The lower part of the heald consists of a flat strip
of metal in which the eyelet for the warp is punched, and the upper
part consists of the ordinary heald yarn or wire, which is looped into a
hole above the eyelet. A stop motion consisting of a vibrating bar
working under these healds can be applied to stop the loom when a
warp thread breaks; this bar is connected to the ordinary spring lever.
We also propose to loop the heald yarn in the ordinary mail eyes to
increase the durability of the healds.
The second part of our Invention consists in an improved mode of
working the retaining catches of the ratchet wheels of the taking-up
and letting-off motions. The catch is jointed to a bar working in a slide,
and to this bar is fixed an incline, which is raised by the lever or other
equivalent of the taking-up or letting-off motion. When the bar and
catch have been raised they are allowed to drop by their own gravity,
thereby bringing the point of the catch against the tooth of the ratchet
wheel, which is thus held until it is again moved forward by the working

page_text: catch, which may be constructed as usual or in the same manner as the
retaining catches above described, or the retaining catch may be released
by hinging the second catch to a stud on the retaining catch, which is
loose on the axle of the vibrator, consequently as the vibrator is drawn
forward the second catch acting on the letting-off wheel takes the strain
off the retaining catch and allows it to be lifted out of gear.
The third part of our Invention relates to the picking motion, and
consists in connecting the picking sticks of the ordinary over pick
motion to under picking sticks jointed to the fulcrum shaft of the lay
swords. The under picking sticks pass through the pickers which act
on the shuttle.
The fourth part of our Invention relates to the heald motion, and
consists in working the healds by bowls on a wheel driven by the crank
shaft acting on the ordinary treadle levers. By changing the number
and position of the bowls the healds can be worked in any succession.
The 5th part of our Invention relates to drop box looms, and consists
in making the drop box with open sides to allow the shuttles to be
changed with facility.
The sixth part of our Invention relates to shuttles, and consists in
adapting them to hold the end of the wood bobbin on which the weft is
wound; this bobbin has a hole through it, and the weft is drawn off
through this hole and thence passes into the shed, thereby dispensing
with the hole through the side of the shuttle. We also apply a loose
screwed bush to the ordinary shuttle skewer; the cop is placed on this
bush instead of on the skewer as usual.
The last part of our Invention consists in applying a rod or rail fixed
to the loom sides, or a roller may be supported on the lay to hold the
warp clear of the lay bottom.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Sagar and Thomas Richmond in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 12th February 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, THOMAS
SAGAR, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker, and
THOMAS RICHMOND, of the same Place, Manufacturer, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Thomas Sagar and Thomas Richmond, Her
special licence that we, the said Thomas Sagar and Thomas Richmond,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
Thomas Sagar and Thomas Richmond, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Thomas
Sagar and Thomas Richmond, our executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of our or their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Thomas Sagar and Thomas
Richmond, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement (that is to say):-
The nature of our Invention consists,-
First. In certain improvements in the mode of constructing healds
and in forming the shed.
Secondly. In an improved mode of working the taking-up and letting-
off motions.
Thirdly. In an improvement in the picking motion.
And, lastly. In the application of a rod, rail, or roller to hold the
warp clear of the lay bottom.
And in order that our Invention may be fully understood we will
proceed to describe the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.

page_text: Figure 1 represents a section or the principal parts or a room to whICH
parts of our Invention are applied.
a is the crank shaft; b, the tappet shaft; c, the warp beam; d, the
back rest; e, e, the healds; f, the lay bottom; g, the reed; i, the breast
beam; and ', the taking-up roller. These parts are or may be made
as usual.
The object of the first part of our Invention is to reduce the cost and
wear of the healds, and also to produce an even shed, by which the
danger of the shuttle flying out is reduced.
The warp
In performing our Invention the warp on leaving the warp beam c is
taken as usual over the back rest d, or over the vibrator or other equi-
valent, then over and under a pair of lease rods j and k, the rod j
vibrating on its centre, and the rod k mounted on swivel links j¹ fixed
to the rod j; the rod k is made to vibrate by a tappet b' on the tappet
shaft b, or by any other second motion from the crank shaft.
then passes over the rod or roller extending across the loom, and then
through our improved healds, shewn at e¹ in Figure 1, or healds e of
the usual construction. The rod or roller is connected to the fork
guides fitting on eccentrics on the crank shaft a; these eccentrics
cause the rod or roller to rise and fall to relieve the heald from the
strain of the warp when the lower part of the shed is coming down. The
warp then passes through the reed g, and the woven fabric is carried
over the breast beam i to the taking-up roller i¹ as usual; or the warp
on leaving the back rest or vibrator may be taken between two small
rods mounted on swivel links j' instead of passing over and under
the vibrating lease rod k. We propose to use the same number of healds
as now customary, but instead of making them with an eye or loop
through which the warp is drawn we make each heald by linking
together two ends of heald yarn or wire, as shewn at e¹ in Figure 1*.
The warp is drawn in over the above link, or old healds may be used by
drawing the warp over the eye or loop instead of through it as heretofore,
or the warp may be drawn as usual through the eye of ordinary healds.
The shed is formed by raising a portion of the warp, and this portion is
at that time slackened by the vibration of the lease rod k, while the
portion forming the lower part of the shed is not depressed by the healds
as heretofore, but is kept tight by the vibration of the lease rod k, the
line from the fell of the cloth to the upper side of the vibrating rod

page_text: being perfectly even. The slackness of the upper part of the shed not
only allows the cloth to be well covered, but relieves the healds from the
strain of the warp, which will add very considerably to their durability.
We also propose to construct healds as follows: The lower part of the
heald consists of a flat strip of metal, as shewn in Figure 2, in which
the eyelet hole for the warp is punched, and the upper part consists of
the ordinary heald yarn or wire, which is looped into a hole above the
eyelet.
Figure 3 represents a modification of Figure 2. In this case the lower
part of the heald consists of wire and the upper part of heald yarn, or vice
versa. The wire parts of the healds made according to Figures 2 and 3
can be secured in the form of a reed or strung loose on to a rod or wire.
We also propose to loop the heald yarn in the ordinary mail eyes, as shewn
in Figures 4 and 5, to increase the durability of the healds. This im-
proved mode of looping is shewn on an enlarged scale in Figures 6 and 7.
The second part of our Invention consists in an improved mode of
working the taking-up and letting-off motions. Figure 8 represents
the improved taking-up motion. The long arm of the lever his
similar to that described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted
to us on the Fifteenth day of January One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-eight, Number 126, and it is actuated by a tappet on the tappet
shaft b, and may be regulated in a similar manner. The short arm of
this lever is made to work the taking-up roller by a weighted cord or
chain m³ passing around a pulley on the ordinary ratchet wheel m'. The
catch m taking into the ratchet wheel m¹ is jointed to a bar m² working
in a slide m³, and to this bar is jointed a trigger catch m' with an incline,
which is actuated by a stud projecting from the lever h. As the lever h
rises it pushes forward the lower arm of the trigger catch m* and raises
the horizontal arm thereof, thus raising the bar m³ and causing the point
of the catch m to fall over a tooth of the wheel m¹. When the bar m³ and
catch m have been raised they are allowed to drop by their own gravity,
thereby bringing the point of the catch m against the tooth of the ratchet
wheel m', which is thus held until it is again moved forward by the
weighted chain or cord m³.
Figure 9 represents the improved letting-off motion, which is some-
what similar to that described in the Specification of Letters Patent
granted to us on the Fourth day of July One thousand eight hundred

page_text: and sixty-six, Number 1775: d is the vibrator, to the axle of which
is fixed the arm d'; to this arm is jointed the lever n, which is
actuated by a tappet on the crank shaft a. The arm o is loose on
the axle of the vibrator; a stud projects from the arm o, and to the
end of the said arm is jointed the double catch o' taking into the ratchet
wheel o to which is fixed the pinion o³ gearing into a wheel on the warp
beam c. The weight o' is suspended to the arm o. The mode of operation
is as follows-When the warp becomes too tight the eccentric on the
crank shaft a combined with the tension of the warp raises the arm o,
thereby releasing the retaining catches o' and allowing the wheel o* to
move as much as is required; when the requisite quantity of yarn is
thus let off the slack is taken up by the vibration of the lever n working
against the stud projecting from the arm o.
The third part of our Invention relates to the picking motion, repre-
sented in Figure 10, and consists in connecting the picking sticks p of
the ordinary over pick motion to under picking sticks q jointed to the
fulcrum shaft of the lay swords or in any other suitable manner. The
under picking sticks pass through the pickers which act on the shuttle;
these picking sticks are provided with a continuous check strap passing
through the bridles f' fixed to the lay bean f. A stop piece 7' is secured
to the strap and is brought alternately against the bridles f¹ by the
picking sticks q.
The last part of our Invention is shewn in Figure 1, and consists in
applying a rod or rail s fixed to the loom sides, or a rod or roller may be
supported by the lay f to hold the warp clear of the lay bottom; this
rod or roller may be made of glass, porcelain, or metal, and is placed
between the healds and the reed.
Having thus stated the nature of our Invention, and described the
manner of performing the same, we declare that we claim,―
First. The improved modes of constructing healds, as described and
as shewn in Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7.
Secondly. The improved mode of forming the shed, and the application
of the vibrating lease or other rods j and worked from the tappet shaft
or other second motion of the loom for slackening the upper part of the
warp, and the rail to raise the lower portion of the shed, as described.

page_text: Thirdly. The improved mode of working the taking-up and letting-off
motions, as shewn and described in reference to Figures 8 and 9.
Fourthly. The combination of the ordinary over and under picking
sticks and the continuous check strap, as shewn and described in
Figure 10.
And, lastly. The application of the rod, rail, or roller between the
reed and the healds for holding the warp clear of the lay bottom, as
shewn and described in reference to Figure 1.
In witness whereof, we, the said Thomas Sagar and Thomas
Richmond, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this 11th day
of February One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
THOMAS SAGAR. (L.S.)
THOS. RICHMOND. (L.S.)