IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FABRICS MADE OF SILK, COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, HEMP, STRAW, GRASSES, FIBRES, MOHAIR AND OTHER HAIR, SPUN GLASS, AND ENAMELLED, GLAZED, OR PLAIN WIRE, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF SOME OF THOSE MATERIALS, AND ALSO IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED WITH SUCH MANUFACTURE
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Pidding at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th November 1853.
.
I, WILLIAM PIDDING, of Tachbrook Street, Pimlico, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FABRICS MADE OF SILK,
COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, HEMP, STRAW, GRASSES, FIBRES, MOHAIR AND
OTHER HAIR, SPUN GLASS, AND ENAMELLED, GLAZED, OR PLAIN WIRE, AND
IN THE APPLICATION OF SOME OF THOSE MATERIALS, AND ALSO IN THE
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED WITH SUCH MANUFACTURE," to be
as follows:-
In Letters Patent of Her present Majesty Queen Victoria, dated the
9th day of March 1853, granted to me, and numbered 598, an Inven-
tion was secured to me, entitled, Improvements in the manufacture of

page_text: caoutchouc or gutta percha in fabrics obtainable therefrom, and in the
machinery or apparatus employed therein, the object of which was
to make looped fabrics by adhering weft or warp of silk, spun glass,
enanielled or glazed wires, and other substances, in appropriate places,
to sheet india-rubber, gutta percha, and compounds, and pressing the
stretched india-rubber and weft or warp so as to cause adhesion, the
loops being then formed by the contraction of the india-rubber. I
now propose, first, to cause to be adhered the raised looped pile, made
in accordance with those Letters Patent, to any appropriate material
with any appropriate adhesive substance; secondly, to remove the
sheet india-rubber, gutta percha, or compound, and thus make one
fabric by substituting any appropriate fabric for sheet india-rubber or
gutta percha, and reversing the pile. I also take the warp or weft,
either as adhered originally in accordance with the said Letters Patent,
numbered 598, to sheet india-rubber, gutta percha, or compound, and
the appropriate material adhered to the raised looped pile, or I take
the looped pile adhered to the latter and appropriate material sub-
stituted for the india-rubber, and cut or split it so as to form two fabrics
with a raised and now cut pile. The node of splitting, and the appa-
ratus I use for splitting, I prefer, is as follows, that is to say:-I roll
the doubly adhered, pile on a cylinder revolving on pivots, and I pass
the doubly adhered pile through or between two other cylinders, also
revolving on pivots, such last-mentioned cylinders being placed suffi-
ciently near to each other to allow it to pass through only, and as it
passes through I cut or split it, and as it is cut or split I roll the
fabric thus made on two other cylinders, which will be fully described
in my future Complete Specification applicable to this subject, and the
Drawing which will be annexed thereto. An outline of the Drawing
of the apparatus I propose to use is annexed to the Provisional
Specification, in reference to which outline of the Drawing I explain.
A, A, is a cylinder which the doubly adhered pile is rolled on; B, B,
are two other cylinders through which the fabric passes and is pressed
between; C, C, is a knife which moves backwards and forwards, and
cuts or splits the doubly adhered loops or piles as the fabric passes
through the cylinders B, B, and which fabric when cut or split is rolled

page_text: on to the cylinders D, D, in any convenient way, care being taken
that the strain on such last-mentioned cylinders be equable. Instead
of the cylinders B, B, the doubly adhered loops might pass through a
division other than cylinders, but not so well, as there would be more
friction. I. propose to equalize the pressure on the cylinders D, D, by
having them precisely of the same diameter each, and causing them
to move each exactly together by means of wheels or straps or other
contrivance, my object being thereby, and by means of the other
appliances, to cut the pile as evenly as possible, or, in order to relieve
the work of the knife or cutting instrument, and expedite the manu-
facture, to tear or split the loops where partially cut. When I use a
cutting instrument I cause it to be sharpened whilst in use by means of
revolving or stationary hones or strops pressing against it by means of a
spring or elastic material. When the loops are formed of spun glass, in
lieu of a cutting instrument I use an instrument of similar shape made
of lead or gutta percha, and supplied with hydro-fluoric acid, which
instrument I prefer hollow and perforated at the sharp or narrow edge,
so as to permit the hydro-fluoric acid to drop through and eat away the
glass, or to eat it away sufficiently for renting or tearing it, and by
means of the like apparatus made of materials which will resist any
liquid used to dissolve or destroy metal wires, or any of the other
substances of which the loops may be formed, such loops may be eaten*
into and thus divided between the adhered fabrics, or sufficiently so to
direct a rent or tear, using the necessary solution for metal, enamelled
or glazed or wire, or any of the other substances named in the title
of this Invention to decompose or destroy them. In addition to forming
the looped fabrics of the substances named in the said Letters Patent
granted to me, numbered 598, by means of stretching india-rubber,
and causing the warp or weft to adhere to it by first printing an
adhesive substance on it on such parts where the weft or warp is to
adhere, and passing and pressing them through two cylinders coming
nearly in contact to effect adhesion, and then forming the loops by the
contraction of india-rubber, I claim for that purpose all the substances
mentioned in the title to the present Invention, not included in the
said Letters Patent granted to me, numbered 598 as aforesaid, which

page_text: looped fabrics are to be used either as they are, or I cut or split them
after double adhesion, as before described when speaking of india-
rubber. I claim also the use of gutta percha, or compounds of either.
I claim contracting all those fabrics by temporarily or permanently
causing to be adhered at the back of india-rubber, or other material
to which any of the substances named in the title to my present Inven-
tion, herein-before described, may be made to adhere and allowed to
contract, india-rubber in a stretched state so as to cause greater con-
traction. And I claim the adhesion, whether for a temporary purpose
or not, to stretched india-rubber or gutta percha or compound to all
cut or uncut piles, so as to cause greater contraction after they are
split, or after being removed from the opposite ground by getting rid of
the adhesive substance in any convenient way. I claim the adhesion of
cut and uncut piles to india-rubber, or any other appropriate material
of all fabrics, whether they are made in accordance with this or any
other Invention or Inventions or not, and cutting or splitting them
I claim
so as to make two rugs, carpets, or other fabrics out of one.
the following new fabric:-I cause to be adhered to india-rubber,
gutta percha, or any other appropriate fabric any of the Berlin wool,
or other studs inserted into the perforations of india-rubber, in accord-
ance with the said Letters Patent granted to me, numbered 598, or
into the perforations in the prepared fabric in certain Letters Patent
granted to me, dated the Fifth day of April, One thousand eight hun-
dred and fifty-three, and numbered 817, entitled, Improvements in the
manufacture of woven, textile, or other fabrics, and in the machinery
connected therewith; and after adhesion I withdraw such studs from
suc perforations; which fabric I either use as it is, or I cause it to
adhere to the opposite face or pile to any appropriate fabric, and then
I cut or split it, and make two fabrics of it. I claim making more
than two fabrics out of one by cutting and splitting after adhesion to
any appropriate fabric; and I claim the adhesion of fabrics to any
elastic material in a stretched state to cause when contracted a greater
compactness, density, or closeness of texture in the material used; and
after such object is effected by contraction I claim the removal from
the elastic material of the contracted material, and the substitution of

page_text: a more appropriate material by adhesion for the elastic material when
making the looped piles of grasses or straws by stretching the elastic
material before they are adhered to it. It is sometimes preferable to
split the straws or grasses, and in using fibres it is sometimes desirable
to use them in the form of paper, which is cut into shreds, the gelatine
therein is rendered insoluble or similar to leather by means of tanniu
or other appropriate agent, and then it is dyed. The applications are
mohair, especially for bonnets, in any form, and straw in the form
which it will take in accordance with my present Invention for bonnets
and other articles, also straw for parasols in such form or in any other.