IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING, BRUISING, CHIPPING, AND RASPING AND OTHERWISE TREATING OR PREPARING DYEWOODS AND ROOTS, OR. OTHER VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES."
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Galloway and John Galloway, both of
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING, BRUISING, CHIPPING, AND
RASPING AND OTHERWISE TREATING OR PREPARING DYEWOODS AND ROOTS, OR.
OTHER VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Galloway and
John Galloway at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 22nd June 1858.
We, WILLIAM GALLOWAY and JOHN GALLOWAY, both of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING, BRUISING, CHIPPING,
AND RASPING, AND OTHERWISE TREATING OR PREPARING DYEWOODS AND ROOTS, OR
OTHER VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
The Invention is well adapted for cutting madder roots, which are now
generally bruised or crushed under edge stones, but it is also applicable for
cutting and preparing a variety of other vegetable substances. A vessel of
iron or other suitable material of conical or cylindrical form, and somewhat
similar to a pug mill is employed. This vessel is fitted with knives fixed across
its diameter, or nearly so, commencing within a few inches of the bottom, and
repeated at intervals of a few inches, as far up the vessel as may be found
necessary. Each story of knives is fixed at right angles or at an angle to those
beneath. A vertical spindle is mounted in the centre of the vessel, and carries
cross knives of such length as to be nearly equal to the diameter of the vessel,

page_text: and at such distances as just to clear, in revolving, the upper surface of the
fixed knives. The spindle may be driven at one hundred or two hundred
revolutions per minute, or more or less. The roots or other substances to be
cut are put into the vessel, and in descending are cut by contact with the
knives, and fall through an aperture in the bottom (which is regulated at
pleasure) into a sifter of any of the various forms for such purposes. Such
portions as are not sufficiently cut pass out at the end of the sifter, and are
again elevated into the top of the machine to go through again with the
continued supply of fresh material; or, after the material has been cut to a
certain extent in this machine, it may be finished by bruising under the edge
stones, millstones, or rollers.
In lieu of placing the machine vertically, it may be placed horizontally or
obliquely, and it may be used for cutting rags, straw, or other grasses, in pre-
paration for pulp for paper making, and for other similar purposes.
In some cases we commence or complete the operation by a machine some-
what similar to the hay cutting machine, or the "chip plate" for dye woods, or
the angular rasp barrel described in the Specification of certain Letters Patent
granted to us, and bearing date on or about the 14th May 1856. Thus, in
"rasping" dye woods, it has always been found necessary to use steel cutters
or knives with serrated or grooved surfaces, and for "chipping" plain surface
knives. Now, by a proportionate arrangement in the speed of the barrel or
chip plate, and in the feeding motion or the number of knives, we can "rasp
as well as "chip" with the plain surface knives, and this will be found a great
advantage, both in power required to drive the machine, and in quality of the
work executed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Galloway and John Galloway in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 21st December 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
GALLOWAY and JOHN GALLOWAY, both of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said William Galloway and John Galloway, Her special licence that we,

page_text: the said William Gallowingy and John Galloway, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said William Galloway and
John Galloway, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR CUTTING, BRUISING, CHIPPING, AND RASPING AND OTHERWISE TREATING OR
PREPARING DYE WOODS AND ROOTS OR OTHER VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said William Galloway and John
Galloway, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
our or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or them,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
. NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Galloway and John Galloway,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawing, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say:
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawing is a vertical section, and Figure 2
is a plan, of a machine constructed according to our Invention, and well
adapted for cutting or reducing madder roots.
A is a vertical shaft revolving in the centre of a conical vessel or case B,
having a spout or opening C at the bottom, and somewhat resembling a pug
mill. D, D, D, are a number of sharp knives which are fixed on the shaft A,
and revolve in close proximity to a series of sharp knives E, E, E, which are
fixed in the case B. The cutting edges of these fixed knives E are directed
towards the cutting edges of the revolving knives D, which thus act like shears
to cut anything placed between them. The knives E being carried across the
case as shown in the Drawing, present their edges at different angles to the
knives D, and thus vary the action; the cutting edge of each part of the
knife E being directed towards those of the knives D. By placing the knives
E at an angle or at right angles to those immediately above and below them,
it is almost impossible for any materials in the vessel or case to escape their
action.
The madder roots being thrown in at the top of the case, and the shaft put
in motion at a velocity of one hundred or two hundred revolutions per minute,

page_text: or more or less, the roots are partly cut and partly bruised, and rapidly
reduced to a fit state for use. The powder or finely divided roots are sifted,
and any pieces which are not sufficiently reduced are returned into the
machine.
This machine may be used either to reduce the madder roots at once to the
proper state, or it may be used to prepare them for being afterwards crushed
or ground by mill stones or edge runners, or otherwise. This machine is also
applicable to cutting up rags or straw or other materials, either in a dry state
or mixed with water, to reduce them to pulp or to prepare them for being
afterwards reduced to pulp for the manufacture of paper-or for other purposes.
For cutting, chipping, or rasping dye woods, we employ either a disc or cylinder,
or an angular rasp barrel, as described in the Specification of certain former
Letters Patent granted to us, and bearing date the Fourteenth day of May,.
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, and we fix on such disc, cylinder,
or rasp barrel, plain sharp knives in addition to and alternating with the
ordinary grooved or serrated knives, by which arrangement the wood is rasped.
or reduced to a finer state than when the grooved knives are used alone.
This machine with alternate grooved and plain knives may also be used for
roots when they are of a sufficiently dry nature to be rasped without clogging
the knives.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Galloway and John Galloway,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twentieth day of December,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
Witness,
WILLIAM NEWTON,
Knott Mill Iron Works,
Manchester.
WILLIAM GALLOWAY. (L.S.)
JOHN GALLOWAY.
(L.S.)