Improvements in Looms for Brussels and Wilton Carpets and other Pile Fabrics.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Aug., 1889-Accepted, 21st Sept., 1889
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Looms for Brussels and Wilton Carpets and other
Pile Fabrics.
I, RICHARD BRANWOOD LOYND, manufacturer, residing at Worcester, in the County
of Worcester, and State of Massachusetts, one of the United States of America, do
hereby declare the nature of my invention for 1MPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to looms for weaving Brussels and Wilton carpets, and other
pile fabrics, in which wires are used, and the object of my invention is to simplify
the construction of such looms, and to so arrange the mechanism for making the
shed, and inserting the filling, that the warp yarn can be more tenderly handled than
in the loons heretofore used, thereby increasing the rate of production.
I carry out my invention by doing away with a movable comber board, and its
necessarily heavy operating mechanism, and substitute therefor a comparatively light
and quickly operated drop box mechanism, in the manner to be hereinafter fully
described.
Referring to the Drawings.
Figure 1 is a front elevation of a portion of a Brussels carpet loom, sufficient to
illustrate the nature of my invention.
Fig. 2 is a section on line X, X, Fig. 1, looking in the direction of the arrow,
same figure, some of the parts shown in said figure 1 being left off, and some
additional parts being shown, which for the sake of clearness are omitted in
Fig. 1.
Figs. 3, 4, and 5, are diagramatic representations of different sheds, and positions
of the shuttle.
In the accompanying drawings, 1 is the loom side, 2 the main shaft, 3 one of the
cranks, shown only in Fig. 2; and 4 a crank connector; 5 and 6 are toggles,
through which, from the crank 3, the lay 7 is oscillated, all as ordinarily con-
structed.
The lay 7 is provided with single drop boxes 8, fitted to slide in guides 8¹ in the
usual way. Fastened to the drop boxes are lifter and guide rods 34, Fig. 1, the
lower ends of which slide freely in holes in the tops of rocker irons 35.
Fast on the lifter rods 34 are studs 36, to which are pivoted connectors 37, the
lower ends of which are pivoted to arms 38, fast upon a shaft 39, which extends
across the loom, and is pivoted freely in bearings on the loom sides.
Arm 38, on one side of the loom, is extended back of the shaft 39, and bears upon
a cam 40 fast on the main shaft 2, by which, and the connections just described, the
boxes are raised and lowered in proper time.
The picker stick 57, one at each side of the loom, which drives the shuttle across
the lay, is of the ordinary construction and operation, and is pivoted at its lower
end on the rocker iron 35, and operated by means of picker arms, not shown, on the
main shaft 2, in the ordinary way.
A spiral spring 58, connected with the lower end of the picker stick, throngh
a strap 59, serves to return the picker stick to its normal position, all in the usual
way.
up
The lingos 9 are fast upon the lower ends of the harness cords 10, which lead to
the jacquard machine, see Fig. 1, which is supported on overhead timbers stayed by
posts 11 extending up from the loom sides, and which is operated by cam 41,
Fig. 1, fast on the main shaft 2, lever 42 pivoted on the loom side and bearing on
the cam 41 through roll 42', and connector 43, pivoted at its lower end to the end
of cam lever 42, and at its upper end to arm 44 fast on the jacquard shaft 45, all in
the usual way.

page_text: The comber board 12 is here shown as bolted rigidly to ears 11', on posts 11.
Heretofore the comber board has been supported on slides, fitted to travel in guides
on the posts 11, being moved up and down in proper time by the connector 13,
lever 14, and cam 15 fast on the main shaft. These parts, which are dispensed with
in my improvements, are shown in dotted line Fig. 2.
The cotton warp harnesses 16, Fig. 2, are operated in the usual way by levers 17,
from the cam shaft 18, geared to the main shaft at right angles thereto.
The heavy lines 19 represent the worsted warps, controlled by the jacquard and
comber board, and the lines 20 the cotton warp threads, controlled by the cam
harness motion.
21 is the cloth point, and 22 a section of the fabric extending from the cloth point
over the take up roll 23.
The cotton warps 20 are drawn from the beam 24, Fig. 2, and the worsted
threads from spools hung in creals at the back of the loom, not shown, all in the
usual way.
The wire motion shaft 46, Fig. 1, is supported in bearings on the extension 47 of
the loom frame, and is geared to the main shaft 2 by a pair of bevel gears 48. The
crank 49 is fast on the forward end of the shaft 46, and has pivoted to it one end of
connector 50, the other end of which is pivoted to the lower end of arm 51, pivoted
at 52 on the extension frame 47.
To the top of the arm 51 is pivoted one end of a connector 53, the other end of
which is pivoted to the wire motion slide 54, fitted to slide freely on the guide 55,
all in the usual manner.
I will now describe the successive steps in weaving Brussels carpet on the loom
shown and above described, first in the usual way, and then in my improved way.
Fig. 2 represents the loom in position for the wire pick, in which one frame, or one
thread from each dent in the reed of the worsted warps is lifted by the jacquard into
the upper line 25, Fig. 3, of the shed.
One frame of the bottom warp is at the centre line 26, and the other in the
bottom line 27 of the shed, the shuttle is now sent across, inserting a filling in the
lower shed opening 28, Fig. 3, and at the same time wire 29 is thrust, by the wire
motion mechanism, into the upper shed opening, Fig. 3, the sheds are now shifted, as
represented in Fig. 4, the cotton warps remaining as they were in Fig. 3, the
jacquard and comber board coming down and letting all the worsted threads into the
bottom line 30, of the shed, Fig. 4. The shuttle is now sent back through the shed
opening 31, Fig. 4, the cotton warps shifted, and the operation repeated.
In my improved method the wire pick is identical with that just described, except
that the comber board is fixed, and the loom so tied up that all the worsted warps,
which rest on the comber board, by means of the usual knots 56 in the harness cords,
are brought into the center line 26 of the shed, the jacquard lifting from that position
one frame into the upper line of the shed.
The wire and filling having been put in on this pick, the jacquard comes down
returning the wire frame to the center line with the other worsted warps.
The cotton warps, which during the wire pick were in the center line 26, Fig. 3,
are now lifted to the upper line 32 of the shed, Fig. 5, and the cotton warps, which
were in the bottom line, are raised to the center. The drop box mechanism is
operated, bringing the shuttle boxes level with the top shed opening, and the
shuttle is sent back on the warps, as shown at 33, Fig. 5, instead of on the race.
The cotton warps are now shifted and returned with the shuttle boxes to the position
shown in Fig. 3, and the operation is repeated.
It will be observed that in both methods the wire is always put in above the
center line of the shed and the body of the worsted warps, while at the same time a
shot of filling is sent across on the race of the lay under the body of worsted warps,
and also that the return shot of filling goes in above all the worsted warps.
In the old method, with fixed shuttle boxes, in order to get the shuttle across above
all the worsted warps, it is necessary to lower the comber board to bring the said
warps to the race.

page_text: In my improved method I leave the worsted warps where they are, in the center of
the shed, and lift the shuttle boxes to get a filling over them, said warps acting
as a race for this shot, the same as is commonly done with the top. shuttle in double
weaving.
It will be further observed, that in the old method the worsted warps have to
travel from position 25 to position 27, Fig. 3, while in my improved method they
only travel half that distance, and that the strain and friction of the warps in the
heddles, and against each other is correspondingly reduced in consequence.
By leaving the comber board stationary, I avoid lifting, in a six frame weave, five
sixths of the lingos, dispensing with the heavy cams and the connections necessary
to do that work, and substituting for it the comparatively light and easy drop box
shifting mechanism, which having only a single lift, and that at regular intervals, is
made very simple.
I have described herein a weave, two picks to the wire, or the common Brussels
weave, but my method is equally adapted to the common Wilton weave, three picks
to the wire, or any other weave as desired.
Sometimes an additional cotton warp, called a stuffer, is put into the weave,
which always remains in the center of the fabric with the body of worsted warps,
which are not carried up for the wire pick.
In order to do this in the old method, the stuffer harness has to be shifted, after
the wire pick is put in, from the center line of the shed, Fig. 3, to the bottom line,
same Fig.
In my improved method the stuffer will always remain in the center line of the
shed, thus dispensing with the harness frame connections and cam for this purpose.
By my invention I am enabled to make a lighter and quicker running loom, and
thereby to increase the production.
Having thus described and particularly ascertained the nature of my inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a loom, the combination with the harness, filling, drop box, and wire
mechanism, and means for operating the same, of a fixed comber board, substantially
as and for the purpose stated.
2. In a loom, the combination with a fixed comber board, and a drop box, and
means for operating the drop box, of harness, filling, and wire mechanism, and means
for operating the same, substantially as shewn and described.
3. In a loom of the class described, the combination with a fixed comber board,
of a drop box mechanism, substantially as set forth.
4. In a loom, the combination with the jacquard, the harness frames, and means
for operating the same, and the lay, filling, drop box, and wire mechanism, of a fixed
comber board for the purpose stated, substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Branwood Loynd, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this 18th day of July, A.D. 1889.
In presence of
2
JOHN CLARKE DEWEY..
RICHARD BRANWOOD LOYND.