IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING IN COLORS PICTURES OR DEVICES TO BE USED IN ORNAMENTING PORCELAIN, STONE- WARE, EARTHENWARE, OR ANY OTHER SUBSTANCES WHERE THE COLORS CAN BE ANNEALED, OR MELTED, OR BURNT IN
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Edward Kramer, of Leipsic, in the Kingdom
of Saxony, Printer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING IN
COLORS PICTURES OR DEVICES TO BE USED IN ORNAMENTING PORCELAIN, STONE-
WARE, EARTHENWARE, OR ANY OTHER SUBSTANCES WHERE THE COLORS CAN BE
ANNEALED, OR MELTED, OR BURNT IN."
Sealed the 23rd February 1864, and dated the 31st August 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Edward Kramer
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st August 1868.
I, HENRY EDWARD KRAMER, of Leipsic, in the Kingdom of Saxony, Printer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PRINTING IN COLORS PICTURES OR DEVICES TO BE USED IN ORNAMENTING PORCELAIN,
STONEWARE, EARTHENWARE, OR ANY OTHER SUBSTANCES WHERE THE COLORS CAN
BE ANNEALED, OR MELTED, OR BURNT IN," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to print upon paper pictures of various colors
to be used in the decoration of porcelain, stoneware, earthenware, and glass, e
any other substance where the colors used for the decoration of the same can
be annealed or burnt in.
By the methods I propose I can print pictures of twelve, twenty, or a
greater number of various colors with facility without any other help than that-

page_text: of the type, and the pictures can be done so perfectly that they can be used
immediately after leaving the press.
The method I adopt as is follows:-First, I prepare the paper to be used
for printing the pictures, which I do as follows:-The paper must first be
pressed in order that it may be perfectly flat; I then wash it over with a well
made wheaten starch placed on with great care, so that it may be of an equal
consistency all over the paper. This is allowed to dry, and when dry is
pressed again, so as to ensure its having a thoroughly level surface; I then
place over the starch a thin coat of clotted oil of turpentine or other oil. The
paper is then left to dry, and when dry is ready for the printing press.
way
The method I adopt for printing is this: -I use a printing press, but I
prefer to make my types of wood (no other substance having hitherto been
found capable of answering the same purpose), and fix them in the known
to the trade. The colors I at present prefer to use are all mineral, and mixed
with oil of turpentine and oil of cloves. The rollers used for transferring the
colors should be. made from a substance consisting of the best syrup and good
brown transparent glue; 1 place the colors on the roller as required, and having
placed the prepared paper above described in the press, a pressure being applied
the picture or print is struck off. This must be repeated as often as is required,
according to the number of colors used. When finished the picture or print
may be at once transferred to porcelain, glass, stoneware, earthenware, or any
substance where the colors used for decoration can be annealed or burnt in.
The transfer and annealing the colors upon the above-mentioned substances
is done by the process well known to the trade.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henry Edward Kramer in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 25th February 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
EDWARD KRAMER, of Leipsic, in the Kingdom of Saxony, Printer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Henry Edward Kramer, Her special licence that I, the said
Henry Edward Kramer, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such

page_text: others as I, the said Henry Edward Kramer, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING IN COLORS PICTURES OR
DEVICES TO BE USED IN ORNAMENTING PORCELAIN, STONEWARE, EARTHENWARE, OR
ANY OTHER SUBSTANCES WHERE THE COLORS CAN BE ANNEALED, OR MELTED, OR
BURNT IN," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Henry.
Edward Kramer, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing.
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly.
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner..
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the.
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I; the said Henry Edward Kramer, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is.
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof; that is to say:-
The object of my Invention is to print upon paper or other suitable material
pictures or devices or designs of various colors to be used in the decoration of.
porcelain, stoneware, earthenware, and glass, or other substances where the
colors used for the decoration of the same can be annealed or burnt in.
The process which I employ is as follows:-I employ in the production of
the pictures or devices or designs types made from good hard wood or other
substance adapted to the purpose, and such as are used by book printers; I
then prepare the paper to enable it to receive and take up the color and
reproduce it on the ware to which it is to be applied. I first press the paper
in a suitable glazing or other machine, in order that it may be perfectly flat,
and I then wash it over with a well made wheaten starch or other suitable
substance of a similar character used ordinarily for similar purposes; when dry
the paper is again pressed in the glazing machine, and then I place over it
a thin coat of clotted oil of turpentine or other oil, the use of which constitutes
one of the improvements in the process of printing in which my Invention
consists, inasmuch as such coat of oil causes the paper to take up the color
better and more readily than when such coat is not employed, and enables a
better finished picture to be reproduced on the ware. The colours which I
employ in producing my pictures or designs are all mineral; they are prepared
by mixing them with a mixture of stickey oil of turpentine and oil of cloves;

page_text: this mixture is similar to those used by china painters, but must be mixed
stronger; the color so mixed I apply to the types by the rollers, which are by
preference made from a substance consisting of the best syrup and good
transparent glue. The printing types are placed in a printing press of ordinary
construction, and are fixed in the right position by iron frames, one being
employed with each of the types printed together.
The process of applying the color from the roller to the types and the
pressing is similar to that adopted ordinarily by book printers; one, two, or
more colors may be printed at the same time, but in the case of valuable colors,
such as gold color or purple, I prefer to print each alone to prevent any un-
necessary waste of color, and the process of printing is repeated as often as is
required, according to the number and kinds of colors used.
When finished the picture may be at once transferred on the ware of
the above-mentioned substances, and fixed in the way well known to the
trade.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, I would have it. under-
stood that I do not make a separate claim for the apparatus employed by me;
but what I claim is, the process of producing pictures or devices intended to
be used in ornamenting porcelain or other similar surfaces by printing them
with type upon prepared paper or other surfaces in the manner herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Edward Kramer, have, hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
HENRY EDWARD KRAMER.
(L.8.)