Improvements in or relating to Apparatus applicable for the Extraction of Fats or Oils, Sulphur, and other Material, and for Manufacturing Extracts for Dyes and other purposes.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 24th June, 1890
Complete Specification Left, 20th Dec., 1890-Accepted, 24th June, 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Apparatus applicable for the
Extraction of Fats or Oils, Sulphur, and other Material, and for
Manufacturing Extracts for Dyes and other purposes.
A communication from Messrs. G. BOULET FILS, DONARD, AND CONTAMINE, of
Rouen, in the Republic of France.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex,
M.I.M.E., do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention consists in a novel arrangement of apparatus adapted to extract
the fatty substances from any materials containing them, and to produce extracts
or essences and dyes by means of the vapours arising from volatile substances.
The apparatus mainly consists of two boilers, two displacing apparatus, one
safety device, and one cooling contrivance; all of which are combined with
secondary parts and attachments, whereby the whole is completed.
The boilers enclose a pipe or a steam or vapour mixer. Each boiler is provided
at the top with a manhole and a thermometer and also has a
water gauge
arranged on one side. The boilers are also provided with suitable valves, and a
discharge pipe is fixed to the bottom plates of the boilers and fitted with a
discharge cock.
Both boilers are connected with a corresponding pair of receivers or "displacing"
chambers by one or more pipes.
The "displacing" vessels contain four pipes, one in each vessel being provided
for water and the other for steam and they also contain sheets of filtering material.
At the top of each of these "displacing" vessels there is also a manhole while at
its base, on the side opposite to that where the filtering device is arranged there is
a discharge cock or opening. A water pipe is provided for each receiver to cool
the extract and to condense the vapours. A pipe attached to the bottom of each
receiver connects them crosswise with the boilers and is adapted to discharge the
solvent and the matter extracted and displaced therewith. Each of these last
mentioned pipes is provided with a cock whereby the connection between the
displacing chamber and the corresponding boiler may be cut off or restored at
will. An air pipe joins the lower portions of the "displacing" chambers and is
connected with a pipe which in its turn communicates with a cooling vessel.
These "displacing" chambers may have double walls or outer jackets instead
of steam coils.
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A safety chamber consisting of a closed cylinder divided into two halves or
compartments by a partition and a dome or cap also divided by a partition and
secured to the cylinder on either side has communicating with it the pipe which as
before mentioned communicates with the cooler and the safety chamber has also two
tubular connections leading to the two "displacing" chambers respectively.
The cooler is in the form of a coil, either horizontal or vertical, or it may simply
consist of tubes.
The whole of the apparatus may be constructed of iron, brass, bronze, cast iron
or other suitable material and all parts may be tinned or silver plated if the
materials it is intended to treat in the apparatus are liable to be coloured or
to undergo any injurious chemical alteration through contact with the iron or
brass.
The operation is as follows:-
The two "displacing" chambers or receivers are filled with material containing
the fatty substance it is desired to extract and we will assume for example that

page_text: water mixed with the fatty substance separated in a preceding operation,_and
dissolved in the solvent; the safety chamber being filled with oil and water. Upon
the cocks being suitably adjusted, the boiler containing the water the solvent and
the oil is heated, whereby the solvent is distilled; the vapours emanating therefrom
pass over the material under treatment enter every interstice thereof while preventing
channels from forming and are almost entirely condensed. In this condition they
carry away with them almost the whole of the fatty substances, and convey the same
into the other boiler, while the vapours which have not been condensed pass into
the second receiver where they condense over the material contained therein air
being conveyed through the safety or cooling chamber which retains any vapours
that may be carried along with the air. When the whole of the solvent is distilled,
the water distils in its turn and displaces the solvent which absorbs the fatty
substance whereupon the contents of the receiver containing the material freed from
the fatty substance and those of the boiler containing the oil and water may be
discharged.
:
When this first operation is completed, the apparatus is replenished with fresh
material and with water and the process is continued, but inversely.
No loss of solvent is sustained since the material retains the vapours that may be
carried away by the air, and the safety or cooling chamber never works unless the
operation of the apparatus is defective.
Owing to the fact that the mixture of water and oil is allowed to boil, the oil is
purified, all impurities it may have carried away during the displacement being
separated therefrom.
The safety apparatus is adapted to admit air and vapour into, and to discharge
them from, the boilers and the "displacing" chambers or receivers. Any suitable
solvent may be used, but preferably an essence boiling at a high temperature, say
at 90° or even 95° Centigrade.
When the apparatus is used for manufacturing extracts, dyes, or for scouring
wool, its operation is similar to that described above with regard to oil.
When the material to be treated is soluble in water, either a coil or a jacket may
be provided for the passage of steam or more or less heated air, to displace the
solvent when it has absorbed the fatty substances extracted from the material under
treatment.
This apparatus is mainly designed for manufacturing purposes. In addition to
the advantages that will appear from the preceding description, it obviates any loss
of volatile liquid as well as any accidents injurious to health and removes any
danger of fire.
Dated this 24th day of June 1890.
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
.Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Apparatus applicable for the
Extraction of Fats or Oils, Sulphur, and other Material, and for
Manufacturing Extracts for Dyes and other purposes.
A communication from Messrs. G. BOULET FILS, DONARD, AND CONTAMINE, of
22, Rue le Peletier, Paris, in the Republic of France.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex,
M.I.M.E., do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention consists in a novel arrangement of apparatus adapted to extract the
fatty substances from any materials containing them, and to produce extracts or
essences and dyes by means of the vapours arising from volatile substances.

page_text: accompanying drawing snowing porn the general arrangement and we LED OF
improved apparatus.
Fig. 1 is a vertical section of the apparatus, and
Fig. 2 a plan of the same.
The same letters of reference designate like parts in both figures.
The apparatus mainly consists of two boilers, two displacing apparatus, and one
cooling contrivance; all of which are combined with secondary parts and attachments
whereby the whole is completed:
The boilers A A enclose a pipe C or a steam or vapour mixer. Each boiler is
provided at the top with a man-hole D and a thermometer E and also has a water
gauge arranged on one side. The boilers are also provided with suitable valves,
and a discharge pipe F is fixed to the bottom plates of the boilers A A and fitted
with a discharge cock f.
66
Both boilers A A are connected with a corresponding pair of receivers or
displacing" chambers G G by one or more pipes HHHH.
:
The vessels G G contain four pipes I I I I, one in each vessel being provided for
water and the other for steam; and they also contain sheets of filtering material .J.J.
At the top of each vessel G there is also a man-hole K, while at its base, on the
side opposite to that where the filtering device is arranged, there is a discharge cock
or opening 1. A water-pipe m is provided for each receiver G to cool the extract
and to condense the vapours. A pipe M attached to the bottom of each receiver
connects them crosswise with the boilers A. A and is adapted to discharge the
solvent and the matter extracted and displaced therewith. Each pipe M is provided
with a cock n whereby the connection between the chamber G and the corresponding
boiler A may be cut off or restored at will. An air pipe N joins the lower portions
of the displacement chambers G G, and is connected with the pipe R which in its
turn communicates with the cooling vessel O. These displacement chambers may
have double walls or outer jackets instead of steam coils.
The pipe R communicating with the cooler O also communicates with the two
tubular connections leading to the two chambers G respectively..
The cooler O assumes the shape of a coil either horizontal or vertical, or it may
simply consist of tubes.
The whole of the apparatus may be constructed of iron, brass, bronze, cast iron,
or any other suitable material, and all parts may be tinned or silver plated if the
materials it is intended to treat in the apparatus are liable to be coloured or
to undergo any injurious chemical alteration through contact with the iron or
brass.
The operation is as follows :-
The two chambers or receivers G G are filled with material containing the fatty
substance it is desired to extract; and we will assume for example that one of the
boilers A A contains a small amount of pure water, while the other contains water
mixed with the fatty substance separated in a preceding operation, and dissolved in
the solvent. Upon the cocks being suitably adjusted, the boiler containing the
water, the solvent, and the oil, is heated whereby the solvent is distilled; the
vapours emanating therefrom pass over the material under treatment enter every
interstice thereof while preventing channels from forming and are almost entirely
condensed. In this condition they carry away with them almost the whole of the
fatty substances and convey the same into the other boiler while the vapours which
have not been condensed pass into the second receiver where they condense over
the material contained therein. When the whole of the solvent is distilled, the
water distils in its turn and displaces the solvent which absorbs the fatty substance
whereupon the contents of the receiver containing the material freed from the
fatty substance and those of the boiler containing the oil and water may be
discharged.
When this first operation is completed, the apparatus is replenished with fresh
material and with water and the process is continued but inversely.

page_text: No loss of solvent is sustained since the material retains the vapours that may be
carried away by the air.
Owing to the fact that the mixture of water and oil is allowed to boil, the oil is
purified all impurities it may have carried away during the displacement being
separated therefrom.
It is for the purpose of concentrating the substance extracted or of lowering the
boiling temperature of the solvent that a vacuum pump may be connected to the
cooling chamber O. Any suitable solvent may be used, but preferably an essence
boiling at a high temperature, say at 90° or even 95° Centigrade.
When the apparatus is used for manufacturing extracts, dyes, or for scouring
wool, its operation is exactly similar to that described above with regard to oil.
When the material to be treated is soluble in water, either a coil or a jacket
may be provided for the passage of steam or more or less heated air, to displace
the solvent when it has absorbed the fatty substances extracted from the material
under treatment.
This apparatus is mainly designed for manufacturing purposes. In addition to
the advantages that will appear from the preceding description, it obviates any loss
of volatile liquid as well as any accidents injurious to health and removes any
danger of fire.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The novel arrangement of the double or "twin" apparatus adapted to operate
by displacement, with the solvent in the condition of vapour, and to condense
part of the volatile products thereof on the material or substance itself, from which
it is desired to remove the fatty elements, thus avoiding loss and accidents substantially
as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
2. The employment of vacuum in the twin apparatus adapted to operate by
displacement, cither for the purpose of concentrating the substance extracted, or in
order to lower the boiling temperature of the solvent used, substantially as described
and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
3. The employment of this twin apparatus for removing the fatty parts from all
vegetable, animal or mineral substances or matters substantially as described.
4. The double or twin apparatus in general and in detail substantially as described
and illustrated in the drawing.
Dated this 20th day of December 1890.
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.