Improvements in or connected with Burners for Burning Gases or Vapours.
Year: 1893

page_text: 1 :
Date of Application, 23rd Aug., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 27th Feb., 1894-Accepted, 7th Apr., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Burners for Burning Gases or
Vapours.
We, CLEMENT BERNARD VOISEY, M.D. London, F.R.C.S. England, of
108, Hartington Road, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Physician, and
WILLIAM STEVENSON, of 138, Liverpool Road, Warrington, in the County
of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
-
This invention has for its object to improve gaseous or vapourous fuel burners,
that is those usually called atmospheric burners, whereby their utility may be
rendered wider, they may be rendered capable of greater and better regulation,
and their proper action at all times assured.
Under this invention, in connection with the part of the burner where the gas
or vapour is supplied, and commences to mix with the air, that is with the part of
the mixing tube or chamber at which air is admitted, a chamber or conduit is
provided which when a burner fires or lights back, becomes charged with the
products of combustion which do not support combustion, such as choke-damp, which
gases or choke-damp extinguish the flame, and thus the gas or vapour burn only at
A further feature con-
the parts or apertures where they are intended to burn.
nected with this chamber or conduit is that it tends to prevent the burner firing
back when a downdraught upon the burner takes place. For instance, in a down-
draught passing over the air inlet, it removes the influence of any downdraught upon
the point of mixing of the gas and air, or the central opening of the mixing
chamber; and if as in some cases, this air conduit is opened at two parts, or has
several openings, and the draught is stronger at one part than another, the air
extracted by the action of the downdraught at the more intense point, will be
supplied through the other aperture or apertures, and a back current will therefore
not be set up in the mixing tube or chamber proper of the burner, and consequently
no back firing will take place.
Further, according to this invention, atmospheric gas or vapour burners are
provided with a number of flame nipples or apertures separated from one another,
but communicating with a central gas supply or distribution device, having an
equal number of distributing parts as there are flame nipples or apertures, or sets
of such nipples or apertures, the supply of gas or vapour to this multiple gas or
vapour distribution part being effected preferably by a single cock or valve,
whereby gas or vapour may be supplied to any, or all, or any combination of the
different mixing chambers and flame apertures or nipples connected therewith. A
cock or valve to effect this may have two or more sets of apertures in its plug and
body, and be so arranged that by turning it in different ways, the gas or vapour
will be supplied to a single gas supply or distributing part singly, or to any number
of same.
In some cases the flame nipples may have rings round them to protect them from
downdraughts or their effects.
In a horizontal burner with the above described improvements in combination
employed therein, the different mixing tubes or chambers and parts connected
therewith, containing the flame nipples or apertures lie in the same horizontal
plane, the mixing tubes being arranged on one side, and say centrally, where the
multiple or fractional gas or vapour distribution parts or device are or is disposed;
whilst below this, the chamber or conduit-or chamber and conduit-through
which (when the burner is working properly) air is introduced to the mixing tubes,
is or are disposed. In one arrangement, the said tube may be open at two ends.or

page_text: parts, the apertures facing downwards so that in the case of a down-draught no
direct introduction of air would be effected by it.
In other forms of burners, the mixing chambers and other parts specified may be
differently arranged and combined.
.
The improvements according to this invention may be used as a whole or
separately in connection with burners of atmospheric type; and they may be use:l
with burners other than that more particularly specified herein.
Dated this 22nd day of August 1893.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON, Fels. Chart. Inst. P.A.,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicants' Patent Agents.
Improvements in or connected with Burners for Burning Gases or
Vapours.
We, CLEMENT BERNARD VOISEY; M.D. London, F.R.C.S. England, of
108 Hartington Road, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Physician, and
WILLIAM STEVENSON, of 138 Liverpool Road, Warrington, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention has for its object to improve gaseous or vaporous fuel burners,
that is those usually called atmospheric burners, whereby their utility may be
rendered wider, they may be capable of greater and better regulation, and their
proper action at all times assured.
Under this invention, in connection with the part of the burner where the gas or
vapour is supplied, and commences to mix with the air, that is with the part of the
mixing tube or chamber at which air is admitted, a chamber or conduit is provided,
which when a burner fires or lights back, becomes charged with the products of
combustion which do not support combustion, such as choke-damp, which gases or
choke-damp extinguish the flame, and thus the gas or vapour burns only at the
A further feature connected
parts or apertures where they are intended to burn.
with this chamber or conduit is that it tends to prevent the burner firing back when
a downdraught upon the burner takes place. For instance, in a downdraught
passing over the air inlet, it removes the influence of any downdraught from the
point of mixing of the gas and air, or the central opening of the mixing chamber,
and if as in some cases, this air conduit is opened at two parts, or has several
openings, and the draught is stronger at one part than another, the air extracted
by the action of the downdraught at the more intense point, will be supplied through
the other aperture or apertures, and a back current will therefore not be set up in
the mixing tube or chamber proper of the burner, and no back firing will take
place.
Further, according to this invention, atmospheric gas or vapour burners are
provided with a number of flame nipples or apertures separated from one another,
but communicating with a central gas supply or distribution device, having an equal
number of distributing parts as there are flame nipples or apertures, or sets of such
nipples or apertures, the supply of gas or vapour to this multiple gas or vapour
distribution part being effected preferably by a single cock or valve, whereby gas
or vapour may be supplied to all of the different mixing chambers and flame
apertures or nipples connected therewith.
In some cases the flame nipples may have rings round them to protect them from
downdraughts or their effects.
In a horizontal burner with the above described improvements in combination
employed therein, the different mixing tubes or chambers and parts connected

page_text: therewith, containing the flame nipples or apertures lie in the same horizontal plane,
the mixing tubes being arranged to one side, and say centrally, where the multiple or
fractional
gas or vapour distribution parts or device are or is disposed; whilst below
or at the side of this, the chamber or conduit-or chamber and conduit-through
which (when the burner is working properly) air is introduced to the mixing tubes,
be
is or are disposed. In one arrangement, the said conduit or chamber may open
at two ends or parts, the inlet apertures facing downwards so that in the case of a
down draught or up draught no direct introduction of air would be effected by it.
In other forms of burners, the mixing chambers and other parts specified may be
differently arranged and combined.
The improvements according to this invention may be used as a whole or
separately in connection with burners of atmospheric type; and they may be used
with burners other than that more particularly specified herein.
In the drawings hereto annexed we shew two examples of burners provided with
improvements, or adapted to operate according to this invention.
In Figure 1 a front elevation of the burner is given. Figures 1ª, 1º and 1º
being details of the gas inlet nozzles.
Figure 2 is a sectional plan of the burner looking downwards thereon, and
Figure 3 is a sectional plan looking upwards.
Figure 4 is a full plan looking on the face of the burner. Figure 5 is a full plan,
and Figure 6 a section through same at the line A A Figure 5, shewing the other
arrangement of burner under this invention.
The same letters and figures of reference are used to denote same or corresponding
parts in the different figures of the drawings.
The burners shewn in the drawings, with our improvements applied thereto, are
constructed particularly for use in gas fires or domestic grates, and it is therefore
to be understood that these are constructed in respect of general outline, etcetera,
to fit in an ordinary grate or fire-place of this kind, and that a fire brick or plate
will be placed over a portion of them behind the flame nipples in the usual way.
In the drawings, a are the mixing tubes in which the gas and air, prior to combus-
tion, mingle; and are conduits, being a continuation of a, from which the mixture
is distributed to the flame nipples. e and ein Figures 1 to 4 are the passages
leading to the mixing tubes a, through which air supplied to said tubes enters; and
wherein choke-damp (products of combustion) flows, and they become charged with
it, if the burner fires back. d are the gas distributing or supply nozzles; and e are
the nipples at which the mixture of gas and air burn in the usual way. It will be
seen in the burner illustrated, that it is of duplex construction, all the parts being
in duplicate and the burner divided by central diaphragms ff¹.
C
The air to the burner is admitted into the passage c through the triangular
shaped opening, and round this aperture at the top are webs or partitions which
are carried up above the level of the conduits abe and outwards towards the rear
of the burner as shewn. Upon the upper edges of these partitions or webs the brick
or plate above referred to will rest, and the air therefore entering from above will
pass through the passage from the back of the burner formed between these webs
and the underside of said brick or slab. By this means the flame from the nipples<
will be prevented from being blown or drawn into the passage c or otherwise
entering same, and will so avoid the ignition of the gas at the nozzles d, and burning
back of the burner from such a cause.
To assist in preventing back firing of the burner, all parts of the grate or fire-
place, by which air passes to the air inlet of the burner, may have perforated plates
or devices covering them, so that strong draughts are prevented from acting directly
on said inlets.
In the operation of this burner, in normal working, the air to mix with the gas,
enters the passage or chamber c at the mouth thereof, facing the opening h; and
passing into such passage, travels by way of the passage c¹ into the tube a, where
it mixes with the gas, and then goes forward to the distributing conduit b, which
between the points o o is dilated, and from this point decreases in sectional area as

page_text: it approaches the diaphragm f, the decrease being made by the sloping down of the
roof of this passage, and approaching of the sides thereof, the bottom remaining
about level. By this construction the gaseous mixture is distributed equally from
all the nipples e, where it burns in a plurality of flames.
When, by any cause, the flame fires back and the gases ignite at a nozzle d, the
passages c and c, which constitute chambers, become filled with products of com-
bustion or choke-damp-or partially filled, so that immediately after such firing
back, at the commencement of the burning of the gas at the nozzle, the said
gases are introduced into the inner end of the passage a, and at once extinguish
the flame therein at the nozzle, whereupon it burns in the correct manner i.e. its
normal state at the nipples e.
In the arrangement or construction of burner shewn in Figures 5 and 6, the
passages by which air is introduced into the mixing tube a passes through three
passages cc and c', so that in case of the burner firing back a greater space or
capacity for holding products of combustion or choke-lamp is provided. In this
construction also the air enters the first passage c° entirely from below through
the aperture at 1, the roof of said passage above being closed; whilst the
opposite end at k is open in the upper half and closed at the lower half, the
passage c opening out into and from the passage cº at a point between the inlet /
and outlet k, the latter being at least as large as, or even larger than, the
former. The effect of this construction, besides affording greater capacity for
holding products of combustion when the burner fires back, also tends to prevent
firing back of the gases in the tube a a, caused by draught acting upon or at
the air inlet or outlet of the burner. The action of these draughts is, that a
positive pressure acting upon and in the passages e and c¹ causes the burner to
fire back, whereas a minus pressure does not do so; and thus when a draught
acts upon the burner and through the entrance passage, it passes over the
entrance of the passage c, which is at right angles to the direction of the
passage co, and out by the open upper part k of the passage c, in which action
it tends to cause a minus pressure in the passages cand a in passing over
the mouth of the former, and so does not tend to cause, or does not cause back
ignition by draughts in any case.
The grate or fire place burners illustrated in Figures 5 and 6 of the drawings
are made flush across the top between the ribs i; on which the fire brick or plate
lies as described, and are provided with a lateral web y so that the space below the
burner is divided from the space above it, the web y filling the space in the fire
place at the back and sides. The space above the burner being in free communi-
cation in the usual way in gas fire-places, with the chimney or flue, and the air
inleth being not of greater area than the outlet k, or even less than same,
when a
draught of greater pressure exists below the burner, the pressure on the outlet
will not be greater, but mostly less than, that on the inlet 4, and thus a free current
flows through the passage cº in Figures 5 and 6, and across the inlet to the passager,
with the effect above described.
In some cases, the part of this invention-vic. the passage co-whereby draughts
playing upon the burner at the air inlet are prevented from causing the burner to
fire back, and set forth more particularly with reference to Figures 5 and 6, may
be used in connection with atmospheric burners independently of the passages or
chambers c and c¹ to which the products of combustion caused by firing back pass;
in which case the opening into the tube a described with reference to Figures 5
and 6, would lead direct from the tube c° into the mixing tube a at the point at
which the passage c' leads into it.
It is to be stated that the improvements herein described by which the burning
of gas at the gas nozzle of burners is extinguished upon the burner back-firing, and
also that or those by which the action of draughts and pressure operating upon the
air inlet, and tending to cause back firing, is prevented, may be applied with
advantage to different kinds of atmospheric burners-including different kinds of
vertical as well as horizontal constructions and types of burners.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
--
1. In burners for burning gases or vapours with atmospheric air, the herein
described improvement, consisting of a chamber or passage in connection with the
gas and air mixing tube or tubes thereof adapted to receive and become filled with
products of combustion by and at the firing back of the burner and burning of gas.
at the gas inlet, and from which said products pass after said firing back and enter
the mixing tube at the point of burning, and extinguish the flame at said point.
in
2. The herein described improvement in burners for burning gases or vapours-
with atmospheric air; comprising a chamber or chambers or passage or passages
connection with the gas and air mixing tube or tubes thereof, and opening into
same at or near the point at which the gas is delivered into said tube, through
which the air for mixing with the gas passes to said mixing tube or tubes, and into
which also products of combustion pass and become retained therein, when the
burner fires back and commences to burn at the gas delivery, which products pass
into the mixing tube subsequently and cause the flame therein to be extinguished,
and the burner to work in its normal and required condition.
3. In a burner for burning gases or vapours with atmospheric air, wherein the
gas and air mixing tube or tubes is or are horizontally disposed, a passage or
passages connected with said mixing tube or tubes, and through which air passes
to said tube or tubes having the inlet or inlets, or inlets and outlets thereof arranged
or adapted to operate substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth.
4. In a burner for burning gases or vapours and atmospheric air of a horizontal
type, a passage or chamber connected with the mixing tube thereof, and through
which air supplied to said tube passes, said passage being open at both ends and
communicating at a point between said ends with the mixing tube, whereby the
obriation of firing back is secured; operating substantially as herein set forth.
5. The gas burner adapted for use in fire-places or grates divided into two
separate and similar halves having mixing tubes, and a passage or passages con-
nected with the air inlets thereof, and distribution tubes or passages; arranged and
constructed as set forth with reference to the drawings.
6. The gas burner for fire-places or grates particularly as set forth with reference
to and shewn in Figures 1 to 4 of the drawings.
7. The gas burner for fire-places or grates particularly as set forth with reference
to and shewn in Figures 5 and 6 of the drawings.
Dated the 26th day of February 1894.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON, Fels. Chart. Inst. P.A.,
15, Water Street, Liverpool.