Improvements in the Manufacture of Lumber.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Sept., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 8th Feb., 1900—Accepted, 24th Mar., 1900
Improvements in the Manufacture of Lumber.
I, DAVID GILMOUR, of Dundas Street, in the Town of Trenton, in the County
of Hastings, in the Province of Ontario, Canada, Lumber Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of lumber and the
object of the invention is to produce a new article of manufacture in lumber
whereby great strength, durability and a superiority in the exterior quality may
be obtained in the manufacture of lumber products and by which invention I
am also enabled to utilize as a base or foundation the general lumber waste
whether from timber or saw log limits or from the saw mill or otherwise and
it consists essentially of forming the lumber in two or more parts, one part
having tongues and grooves formed on the face thereof by which it may be
interlocked and secured to a similarly formed face on the other part, the superior
grade of wood being used preferably as the exterior while the inferior grade
or low grade is used as the base or foundation as hereinafter explained.
It is of course well known that various articles of furniture and the trim of
rooms etc. in houses and buildings have been made of wood, which is veneered
as required, in the manufacture of the articles or trim. My invention although
it may be applied as required, in the manufacture of such articles and trim is
principally valuable and important from the fact that I am enabled to utilize
the refuse timber consisting of timber lying on the ground in the forest, and
worm eaten timber standing that is worthless and unmarketable, and the product
of the lumber mill which is of very small value at the present time. My object
is to convert these worthless logs and timber etc., into a marketable commodity
Ly manufacturing it into high priced grades of clear lumber planks etc. known as
"good clear" picks" selects and the like, in a most strong and sub-
stantial manner, which will have the effect of producing a clear, solid, sub-
stantial and useful board, plank, deal, timber etc. that may be immediately after-
wards utilized in the various manufactures of wood.
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The base piece is formed out of any wood or lumber or of the coarser refuse
or worm-eaten woods. Grooves are formed therein preferably of a rectangular
form and have intermediate tongues. The layer of lumber is made out of a
superior quality of wood and has formed on its lower surface preferably parallel
rectangular tongues which are designed to register with the grooves and inter-
mediate grooves
which necessarily register with the tongues of the
timber. It is preferable to use a water proof cement in connecting
the tongued and grooved surfaces. I find in practice that the lumber
products obtained as above described will be far more durable and lasting than
the lumber as at present manufactured. It will be less subject to climatic
changes, and will not have any tendency to warp, check, shake, chip or stain as
is so common in cases with the present method of lumber manufacture..
On account of the tongues and grooves running preferably longitudinally with
the board or plank it will be seen that both the thin, higher grade outside pieces
of lumber or wood and the comparatively thin, low grade base or centre piece
of lumber or wood may be tongued or grooved in any ordinary planer, sticker

page_text: or moulding machine, or by a separate machine either with saws or knife, and
with but a minimum amount of labor. It is also an important desideratum that
my product when finished can be immediately shipped, or solidly stacked up ready
to ship and should arrive at its destination for manufacture without any danger
of the outer layer of the lumber or wood spring from the base or being injured
in any way. Of course the reason that the lumber or wood holds to the base
piece so closely is on account of the interlocking of the tongues and grooves
herein before described and also the much increased surface for cementing which
is presented by the tongues and grooves.
It will also be understood that by my invention I am enabled to utilize a vast
quantity of waste and worm-caten saw-logs, lumber, wood etc., and worthless
boards, planks, deals, timber etc. turned out by a saw mill and now frequently
used as fuel to manufacture a most valuable product into lumber timber etc. and
thence into other articles of wood goods at by a minimum expense.
Although I describe my invention particularly as to one layer or piece of high
grade lumber being affixed as described to the low grade piece on one side
it will of course be understood that the high grade pieces or layers may be applied
to as many sides as required for the particular article of manufacture desired.
Again although I describe the pieces as being affixed together by registering
tongues and grooves all substantially right angular in cross section it will of
course be understood that dove-tailed and various other forms of grooves or
projections might be employed for affixing the portions together without departing
from the spirit of my invention.
It will also be understood that although I describe the abutting faces as being
fastened together by cement or glue that they might be locked together by the
form of the tongue or groove or projection or by any other suitable keying or
securing device, which does not appear on the surface.
Dated the 6th day of September 1899.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Agents for the Applicant.
mprovешелов шемацитасture of cumper.
I, DAVID GILMOUR, of Dundas Street, in the Town of Trenton, in the County
of Hastings, in the Province of Ontario, Canada, Lumber Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of my invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:—
My invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of lumber and the
object of the invention is to produce a new article of manufacture in lumber
whereby great strength, durability and a superiority in the exterior quality may
be obtained in the manufacture of lumber products and by which invention I
am also enabled to utilize as a base or foundation the general lumber waste
whether from timber or saw log limits or from the saw mill or otherwise and
it consists essentially of forming the lumber in two or more parts, one part
having tongues and grooves formed on the face thereof by which it may be
interlocked and secured to a similarly formed face on the other part, the superior
grade of wood being used preferably as the exterior while the inferior grade
or low grade is used as the base or foundation as hereinafter explained.
It is of course well known that various articles of furniture and the trim of

page_text: rooms etc. in houses and building have been made of wood, which is veneered
as required, in the manufacture of the articles or trim. My invention although
it may be applied as required, in the manufacture of such articles and trim is
principally valuable and important from the fact that I am enabled to utilize
the refuse timber consisting of timber lying on the ground in the forest, and
worm eaten timber standing that is worthless and unmarketable, and the product
of the lumber mill which is of very small value at the present time. My object
is to convert these worthless logs and timber etc. into a marketable commodity
by manufacturing it into high priced grades of clear lumber planks etc. known as
good "clear""" picks "selects" and the like in a most strong and sub-
stantial manner, which will have the effect of producing a clear, solid, sub-
stantial and useful board, plank, deal, timber etc. that may be immediately after-
wards utilized in the various manufactures of wood.
66
وو
The accompanying drawings illustrate my invention in which
Fig. 1, is a perspective view of my thin, high grade outside piece of wood or
lumber secured to the thicker low grade base or centre piece of wood or lumber.
Fig. 2, is a perspective view of my thin, high grade outside piece of wood or
lumber separated from the thicker, low grade base or centre piece of wood or
fumber.
Fig. 3, is a perspective view of the thicker low grade base or centre piece of
wood or lumber separated from the thin high grade outside piece of wood or
lumber.
Figs. 4 and 5 exhibit alternative forms.
A is the base piece which is formed out of any wood or lumber or of the coarser
refuse or worm-eaten woods. a are grooves formed therein preferably of a
rectangular form and having intermediate tongues a¹. B is the layer of lumber
made out of a superior quality of wood and having formed on its lower surface
preferably parallel rectangular tongues b, which are designed to register with the
grooves a and the intermediate grooves which necessarily register with the
tongues a¹ of the timber. It is preferable to use a water proof cement in connect-
ing the tongued and grooved surface. I find in practice that the lumber products
obtained as above described will be far more durable and lasting than the lumber
as at present manufactured. It will be less subject to climatic changes, and will
not have any tendency to warp, check, shake, chip or stain as is so common in
cases with the present method of lumber manufacture.
On account of the tongues and grooves running preferably longitudinally with
the board or plank it will be seen that both the thin, higher grade outside pieces
of lumber or wood and the comparatively thin, low grade base or centre piece
of lumber or wood may be tongued or grooved in any ordinary planer, sticker
or moulding machine, or by a separate machine either with saws or knife, and
with but a minimum amount of labor. It is also an important desideratum that
my product when finished can be immediately shipped, or solidily stacked up ready
to ship and should arrive at its destination for manufacture without any danger
of the outer layer of the lumber or wood spring from the base or being injured
in any way. Of course the reason that the lumber or wood holds to the base
piece so closely is on account of the interlocking of the tongues and grooves
hereinbefore described and also the much increased surface for cementing which
is presented by the tongues and grooves.
It will also be understood that by my invention I am enabled to utilize a vast
quantity of waste and worm-caten saw-logs, lumber wood etc. and worthless
boards, planks, deals, timber etc. turned out by a saw mill and now frequently
used as fuel to manufacture a most valuable product into lumber timber etc. and
thence into other articles of wood goods at by a minimum expense.
Although I describe my invention particularly as to one layer or piece of high
grade lumber being affixed as described to the lower grade piece on one side
it will of course be understood that the high grade pieces or layers may be applied
to as many sides as required for the particular article of manufacture desired.
Again although I show and describe the pieces as being affixed together by

page_text: registering tongues and grooves all substantially right angular in cross section
it will be understood I may use as shown in Figs. 4 and 5 minor grooves a²
and extending laterally from the grooves a¹ and b₁ as indicated and preferably
located at the bases of such grooves. It will thus be seen that when the two pieces
are pressed together it has the effect of forcing the fibres of each tongue in both
pieces to widen at the crowns or points and extend into the grooves a and b
respectively, thereby securely interlocking the two pieces together without the
use of the cement.
The surfacing material or layer B is made thin, and is tongued and grooved
to fit the part A. I may thus tongue and groove this part while it is still warm
and moist from the vat. After the two parts are tongued and grooved, their
tongued and grooved surfaces (one or both) are preferably coated when in the
form shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 with glue or cement, which may be applied by
suitable brushes. The two parts are then placed together. I then run them
horizontally of the grain between heated rollers, under strong pressure, sufficient,
not only to press together the tongued and grooved parts, but also to compress
the surface material and to drain out longitudinally of the grain all the moisture
and surplus glue or cement and to leave the thin layer compressed and condensed,
and dry and hard and with a hard smooth finished surface. This obviates the
necessity of further drying and the liability of warping or cracking, or the outer
layer springing, in the drying, from its base.
It will be understood that this pressure is not simply to force the parts into
contact, which is ordinary work. but is such as to cause the wood to flow laterally
under the compression of the fibres, throughout the rart B and the tongues of
part A to weld and unite the tongues together on all their surfaces in contact, and
thus also the fibres of the wood are thoroughly condensed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. As a new article of manufacture compound lumber comprising tongued and
grooved high and low grade interlocking pieces simultaneously rolled and com-
pressed, heated and finished with the surface pores closed as specified.
2. As an article of manufacture, lumber composed of two tongued and
grooved parts, the tongue having a plain face and the grooves having small lateral
grooves, with the fibre of the tongues pressed laterally thereinto, substantially
as described.
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