IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND TREATMENT OF SOAPS, AND IN COMBINING THEREWITH CERTAIN PARTS OF NATURAL MATTERS, ALSO IN APPARATUS OR MEANS THEREFOB, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER SOAPS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Green at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th November 1875.
I, WILLIAM GREEN, of Florence Terrace, St. Lawrence, Thanet, in
the County of Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND TREATMENT OF SOAPS, AND
IN COMBINING THEREWITH CERTAIN PARTS OF NATURAL MATTERS, ALSO IN APPARATUS
OR MEANS THEREFOB, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER
SOAPS," to be as follows:-
In a former Patent of mine, No. 129, 1875, I described a mode or
process of manufacturing soaps or saponaceous compounds from
natural matters and oils, fats, or resins, by expending the full force and
power of the whole of the alkali necessary for the production of a
given quantity of soap upon the natural matters under treatment, then
effecting the saponification of the oils, fats, resins, or other saponifiable
matters to be used therein by causing them to be mixed with and to take
up the excess of alkali necessary for dissolving or saponifying such
natural matters. By the present Invention I effect similar results by
similar means; but in addition thereto I seperate the fatty, oily, sapon-
aceous, and detergent parts from the natural matters under treatment.

page_text: by first mixing therewith a large proportion of caustic soda ley or its
equivalent, then by diluting the same, and by subsidence, straining,
centrifugal force, pressing, or other convenient means, removing the
solid or other non-saponaceous parts not suitable for producing soap.
The fatty or detergent products so obtained are to be utilized in the
manufacture of soap together with marine algae, as Carrageen moss, or
other sea mosses, sea wrack, fuci, seaweed, or extracts thereof, or other
glutinous gummy or gelatinous matters, also soluble glass, liquid quartz,
silicate of soda, or the aqueous solution of any of the chemical or
commercial forms or silicates of soda or potassa; also tar, resins,
bituminous and similar matters; also wax, stearine, and other hard fatty
substances in addition to the fats or oils generally used.
As an example of the mode or process for carrying this Invention
into effect I will describe its application to limes, fatty earths, or clays,
and similar matters :-To one ton of caustic soda add from three to four
tons of water & disolve the soda; in another vessel put from two to
three tons of lime, then pour theron the caustic soda ley and allow the
same to stand till it becomes a gluey mass. In another vessel put about
four hundredweight of Carrageen moss, and about sixteen tons of lime
water, then well heat or boil the same; this solution I term M. S.
To the lime treated as before described now add ten tons of the M. S.,
and well stir or agitate the same till it becomes an uniform milky fluid,
in which state it should be kept for several hours, and by preference in
a heated state. It is then to stand till the solid particles of the lime
subside, leaving a clear liquor above. This liquor or ley which I term
M. S. L. is then to be run off, and the remainder of the M. S. added to
the lime and treated in like manner.
In another vessel provided with stirring or agitating appliances now
.put one ton of stearine or tallow cake, by preference reduced to shavings
or small pieces, and in a similar vessel put one and a half tons of cocoa-
nut oil. To these now add in equal parts the ten tons of M. S. L., and
stir or agitate till the whole becomes a creamy fluid.
In another vessel provided with a steam coil or jacket or other heating.
appliances, put five tons of silicate of soda, and when the same is in a
boiling state add it and the remaining six tons of M. S. L. in equal
proportions to the dissolved or saponified cocoa-nut oil and tallow cake
in the respective vessels, where the whole is again to be well stirred till:

page_text: all the parts are properly mixed. The contents of the two vessels are
now to be run into one and well boiled.
As the boiling proceeds and evaporation takes place, more M. S. may
be added, sufficient to make up for the loss of bulk. About half a ton
of tallow cake or other fat should also be added while the boiling
proceeds; and if colour be required a sufficient quantity of yellow palm
or other matter for producing the same. It will now be in a fit state to
be run into cooling tanks or casks, and as the cooling proceeds it should.
be gently stirred to ensure the proper blending of the several parts.
The saponaceous compound thus formed will be in a proper condition
for mixing with other soaps, and a good servicable soap may be produced
by melting and mixing together equal parts of the said compound and
ordinary soap. Hard soaps however may be produced by the above
process without the admixture of other soaps, by simply increasing the
proportions of fat and alkali, as also by drying the said saponaceous
compound and remelting the same.
I would observe that although the second portion of M. S. added to
the lime as before described will nearly exhaust such lime of its fatty,
saponaceous, or detergent parts, and of the alkali mixed therewith, it will
not do so completely. After the removal therefore of such second
portion of M. S. about twenty tons of water is to be added to the said
lime, and the whole again well stirred, and by preference heated or
boiled, then again allowed to stand till the solid particles of the lime
subside. The liquor thus obtained is to be used for mixing with
further portions of Carrageen moss and caustic soda for making another
charge of the saponaceous compound or soap, and so on with each
succeding charge. It will thus be seen that by this process the whole
of the fatty, saponaceous, or detergent properties of the limes, earths,
or other natural matters under treatment will be extracted, and no hard
or insoluble grit will be present in the soaps or compounds so made.
Leys made like or similar to those which I term M. S. L. may be
employed in the manufacture of soaps by the ordinary or any other
approved process or processes, also with tar, resinous, bituminous, and
similar matters, with farinaceous and other vegetable matters, with the
cuttings or parings of skins, entrails, and other cheap and refuse.animal
matters, and in any other combination for producing saponaceous
compounds or soaps.

page_text: A mode or process similar to that herein-before described for extract-
ing and seperating the fatty, saponaceous, and detergent properties of
limes, earths, and other mineral matters, may also be employed for
extracting and separating similar matters from vegetable substances,
from refuse animal matters, or any other natural products. In cases
however where the insoluble or other parts not required for the pro-
duction of saponaceous compounds or soaps will not subside, the fluid
and useful parts may first be drained off as far as convenient, and the
remainder thereof be extracted by pressing, by centrifugal force, or
otherwise. The fluid so obtained may be used in.like manner to M. S. L.,
or be combined therewith.
As a primary feature of this Invention is the production of hard
compound soaps by the admixture with soaps made by the processes
ordinarily employed for making primrose, curd, and mottled soaps of a
cheap saponaceous compound, I would observe that I do not confine
myself to the particular compounds herein described for effecting that
object, as other saponaceous compounds may perhaps be employed for
effecting similar results, I would state however that I do not under the
term "
saponaceous compound" include silicate of soda or similar
matters, but low quality soaps made in a similar or equivalent way to the
saponaceous compounds herein described.
A tar soap may be produced by combining with the compounds made
as herein-before described, about twenty per cent. of tar, gently warming
the same till a pitch-like substance subsides, then evaporating the fluid
part until it becomes of sufficient consistency for framing; or the
fluid part may be combined with other soaps.
Soap powder may be produced by drying the compounds made as
herein before described, either alone or in combination with bleaching or
washing powders or other hardening matters, then reducing them to a
finely divided state by grinding or otherwise.
Soaps suitable for lubricating and cleansing wool, and for other
purposes connected specially with the woollen trade can be made by
combining with the compounds made as herein-before described gallipoli
oil, oleic acid, and other oils or fats of similar kinds.
Perfumed, medicated, and other soaps possessing peculiar and
distinctive properties may be made by combining with the compounds
made as herein-before described the special ingredients desired, as for
example iodine, hyposulphate of soda, oatmeal, glycerine, etc.

page_text: In order to effect the admixture of the maximum quantity of extract
of seaweed with soaps made according to this Invention I employ
vacuum pans or other arrangements, such as are used by sugar refiners
for evaporating at a low temperature. I also reduce such soaps to
shavings or small parts, dry the same, & remelt.
Instead of framing the soap in the usual way and then cutting it
into bars I in some cases use a series of tubes of the desired size, into
which I pour the soap, and when sufficiently set remove the same
either by pressure or by subjecting the exterior of the said tubes to
steam or other heat.
In some cases too I make up the tubes of seperate parts, and so
connect and combine them that they may collectively be closed or
opened for filling or emptying. On these tubes may be placed any
desired name, mark, or configuration, so that each bar may form a series
of tablets. These arrangements are applicable to other soaps as well as
to those made according to this Invention.
For stamping bars of soap I use a press actuated by cam, screw, or
other motion, capable of continuous though intermittent action. The
bars of soap are fed in from an incline on one side, and by mechanical
action are lifted from the dies and discharged from the opposite side
where they are taken by an attendant. During their discharge the bars
pass between a series of brushes revolving at different speeds by which
they are cleaned and polished. These arrangements are also applicable
to other soaps than those made according to this Invention.
Having thus indicated the nature and object of my said Invention I
would have it understood that under the term "natural matters" I do
not include the ordinary extracted fats or oils of commerce, but such
matters of natural growth or formation as are herein-before named or
indicated.
Many variations too of the ingredients and proportions herein-before
mentioned may be made, as also many modifications of the modes of
working without deviating from the principle or main features of this
my Invention.