AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GASEOUS LIQUIDS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Auguste Adrien Mondollot, Son, of Boulevard
de Strasbourg, 23, Paris (France), for the Invention of "AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GASEOUS
LIQUIDS."
Sealed the 21st August 1875, and dated the 1st Juno 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Augusto Adrien
Mondollot at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 1st June 1875.
I, AUGUSTE ADRIEN MONDOLLOT, Son, of Boulevard de Strasbourg,
23, Paris, France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF
GASEOUS LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
The improved apparatus which forms the object of my Invention is
distinguished from others with a similar purpose by a novel construction,
which enables the essential elements of the manufacture, the produce
with acid holder, the washer, the pump, and the saturater to be collected

page_text: in the same frame; but a peculiar feature of my Invention consists in
the method for the automatic and continuous production of the gas. This
method, which dispenses with any mechanical apparatus, is based simply
upon the hydrostatic principle of communicating vessels, and upon the
utilization of the aspiring action of the pump, so as to command the
feeding with acid of the producer receiver in proportion as the pressure
diminishes, and when consequently the introduction of a fresh quantity
of sulphuric acid is necessary to decompose the carbonate of lime or
other base and to generate carbonic acid gas.
The apparatus for the employment of sulphuric acid and carbonate of
lime (powdered marble or chalk) is composed of a producer receiver
of doubled cast iron or lead serving as a frame or stand, on which
all the other parts of the apparatus are collected. The carbonate of
lime diluted with water, the reaction of which upon sulphuric acid
generates the carbonic acid gas, is introduced therein through a tube,
and the spent material is withdrawn therefrom through an emptying
cock.
A sulphuric acid vessel with a cock is united to the producer by a
curved pipe, and a force pump has a distributing cock, to which at one
side a pipe which brings the water into the reservoir leads, and to the
other side the pipe which brings the gas on to a double crystal washer
also leads. This double washer is united to the producer by a pipe
which leads the gas produced thereto. The saturator receiver is
provided with a manometer, a safety valve, and a water level. The
cranks of the agitators of the saturator and of the producer are put in
motion by an excentric keyed upon the shaft of the fly wheel, which
also commands the piston of the pump.
The arrangement of apparatus for the employment of sulphuric acid
and bicarbonate of soda, or of any material capable of reacting upon ono
another without the aid of an agitator, is much simpler than the one
just described, since the agitator and producer are both dispensed
with.
The other parts hardly differ from those of the original apparatus.
The producer is composed of two principal pieces fixed between the
two feet of the frame upon a piece which serves them as a partition.
One part is a bucket or pail of any material capable of resisting diluted
sulphuric acid, upon the bottom of which rests a sort of reversed bell

page_text: of the same material, and pierced with holes at its lower part. This
bell is divided by a partition carrying at its centre a tube, upon which
the tube of lead is screwed, the whole surface of which is pierced with
little holes. It is surmounted by a tube of bronze communicating
laterally with the pipe which leads the gas produced by the washers
from thence to the pump.
The arrangement of sulphuric acid vessel of the first type of apparatus
is as follows:-It is intended to contain the sulphuric acid diluted with
its own volume of water, the reaction of which upon the chalk produces
the carbonic acid gas. This vessel rests upon a cast-iron support con-
nected to the producer by a flange and bolts. The upper bottom is
concave to permit the acid to flow without loss through the opening in
the central tube. This tube serves as a stay to the two bottoms, and
at the same time prevents any danger of the spouting of the acid
through the openings in the case of the flow of gas through the curved
acid pipe. Indeed in this event, and owing to this arrangement, the
flowing gas will escape through the open tube, and the acid drawn with
it will be thrown to the ground without danger to the workman. A
cock is provided permitting the flow of acid at will through the curved
pipe which leads the latter into the producer. The arrangement of
this cock avoids the second closing above, so difficult to obtain with the
acid. It is connected to a curved pipe by two leaden oval-shaped
swellings fixed one within the other, and covered by a caoutchouc tubo
resisting the action of the acid. This method of junction is preferable
to that by means of nuts, which the acid always more or less deteriorates,
and it can be casily opened in case of need by simply changing the
caoutchouc pipe. The other end of the curved pipe is connected by
the same means to the leaden tube, which leads the acid into the
producer. This tube is soldered upon a lead mass cast upon the support,
which serves as a conduit for the acid.
"
A porcelain button fixed to the bottom of the vessel marks the level
which the acid should attain when the materials producing the gas are
spent.
The tube and the safety vessel of the producer of the first kind of
apparatus are arranged as follows:-The tube is open at both ends, one
end being connected by a tie to the producer, and the other led to the
bottom of the vessel supported upon the producer by the socket. If

page_text: the difference between the pressure of the producer and that of the
atmosphere is more or less superior to the column of water, the gas in
excess is disengaged from the producer by the tube, when the exterior
air enters therein through the same tube, which prevents any excess or
want of pressure within the producer. This system of tube and safety i
vessel prevents all sending off of the gas through the acid vase in the
curved tube of the same vessel.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Auguste Adrien Mondollot in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 30th November 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, AUGUSTE
ADRIEN MONDOLLOT, Son, of Boulevard de Strasbourg, 23, Paris, France,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-eighth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Auguste Adrien Mondollot, Her special licence
that I, the said Auguste Adrien Mondollot, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Auguste Adrien Mondollot, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ircland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
“An Improved APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GASEOUS LIQUIDS,” upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Auguste Adrien
Mondollot, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what 3
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE that I the said Augusto Ad-ion Ma
1

page_text: At V is shown the sulphuric acid vessel with its cock e united to the
producer by the curved pipe t, t. At p is a force pump with its
distributing cock B, to which at one side the pipe which brings the
water into the reservoir I leads, and to the other the pipe which brings
the gas into the double crystal washer L, L. This double washer is
united to the producer by a pipe d, which leads the gas produced
thereto. At S is the saturator receiver provided with a manometer m,
with a safety valve 8, and a water gauge n. The cranks of the agitators
of the saturator and of the producer are put in motion by the excentric
keyed upon the shaft of the fly wheel, which also commands the piston
of the pump p. The crank of the agitator is arranged so as to be able
to be put in motion independently of the shaft of the fly wheel, which
will be useful when the producer is being emptied or cleaned. At a and
A are shown the safety tube and vessel of the receiver, the object of
which will be explained presently.
The fly wheel of the apparatus is represented with a crank to be
driven by hand, or it can be driven by means of straps by fixing thereon
fast and loose pulleys.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-After having charged the
producer P with water and carbonate of lime, and fitted the vessel V.
with sulphuric acid diluted with its volume of water, the cock > for the
acid is opened and the fly wheel turned. The pump then draws from
one side of the distribution cock water from the reservoir through the
cock I, and from the other side the gas from the double washers L, L,
and from thence the gas of the producer P, consequently the sulphuric
acid flows from the vessel V, which is open to the air (the cover of the
vessel is not fixed, and only serves to prevent the waste from falling),
into the producer P, so as to constantly furnish a disengagement of
carbonic acid proportioned to the requirements of the pump. The
movement of the fly wheel turns at the same time as the agitator of
the producer, which puts in contact the sulphuric acid with the
carbonate of lime, and the agitator of the saturator, which mixes the
water and gas sent by the pump. The proportion of carbonate of lime
put in the producer is calculated so as to correspond to the volume of
sulphuric acid diluted with water contained in the vessel V. When the
level of the sulphuric acid has fallen to a level with a porcelain button
fixed at the bottom of this vessel (see further in the detailed description
of this vessel) the operation is arrested in order to change the productive

page_text: material of the gases. The spent materials are removed through the
emptying cock R, the producer is recharged through the tubo T, the
vessel V again filled with sulphuric acid in solution with water, and
the manufacture continued.
The modification of the apparatus shown at Figure 3 is arranged for
the employment of sulphuric acid and bicarbonate of soda, or of hydro-
chloric acid and a carbonate of lime, or in other words for the employ-
ment of material capable of reacting upon one another without the aid
of an agitator.
In consequence of the suppression of the agitator of the producer the
construction of this modified apparatus is much simplified. In con-
sequence also the frame is modified as well as the command of the
agitator of the saturator, for which the excentric is replaced by a pair
of gearings.
The other parts hardly differ from those of the original apparatus.
The producer is in the present instance composed of two principal
pieces M and P. M is a bucket or pail of lead, porcelain, glass, or
other material capable of resisting diluted sulphuric acid, upon the
bottom of which rests a sort of reversed bell P' of the same material,
and pierced with holes q, q, at its lower part. This bell is divided by a
partition A' carrying at its centre a socket U, into which a lead tube u
is screwed, the whole surface of which is pierced with little holes. It
is surmounted by a socket of bronze B communicating laterally with
the pipe b, which leads the gas produced by the washers from thence to
the pump.
The carbonate is introduced into the bell P¹ through the socket F,
which is then closed, and sulphuric acid diluted with water poured into
the bucket M. The level tends to establish itself through the holes q, q,
in the bucket and in the bell, but then the acidulated water arriving
through the holes of the tube u upon the carbonate C produces carbonic
acid gas, which having no exit forces out the water, thus stopping the
production of gas until the apparatus is put into operation. The
aspiration of the pump causes the acidulated water to again flow upon
the carbonate, whence follows the disengagement of gas, then the
momentaneous forcing out of the acidulated water, the level of which
thus rises and falls alternately, determining a production of gas in
proportion to the demands made by the pump.

page_text: The dose of sulphuric acid is proportioned to that of the carbonate,
and it will be known when the materials are spent when by the
aspiration of the pump the level of the acidulated water rising in the
bell lowers the bucket M up to the edge of the lower ring n', which
maintains the level of the water of the glass f; then the spent solution
is drawn off by means of the coutchouc tube i, the extremity of which
fills beneath the bucket M; then the flow having terminated this tube
is lifted, and it is suspended at the edge of the bucket before recharging
the producer for a fresh operation. This producer is, as will be perceived,
much more simple than that of the preceding apparatus. It has neither
agitator, acid cock, nor safety vessel. I reserve to myself while pre-
serving the same principle of action to give to this producer any other
form than that shown in the Drawing. Thus the two receivers P' and
M instead of being fixed one within the other can be superposed or
juxtaposed. The tube u can be replaced by a plate pierced with holes, :
and the emptying tube i by an ordinary cock.
The arrangement of sulphuric acid vessel of the first type of apparatus
will be readily understood on reference to Figure 2. This vessel is
intended to contain the sulphuric acid diluted with its own volume of
water, the reaction of which upon the chalk produces the carbonic acid
gas. This vessel rests upon a cast-iron support S¹ connected to the
producer by a flange and bolts. The upper bottom is concave to permit
the acid to flow without loss through the opening o in the central
tube T. This tube serves as a stay to the two bottoms, and at the same
timo provents any danger of the spouting of the acid through the
opening O in the case of the flow of gas through the curved acid tube.
Indeed in this event, and owing to this arrangement, the flowing gas
will escape through the open tube t, and the acid drawn with it will be
thrown to the ground without danger to the workman. is the cock
permitting the flow of acid at will through the curved pipe, which leads
the latter into the producer. The arrangement of this cock avoids the
second closing above, so difficult to obtain with the acid. It is con-
nected to a curved pipe by two leaden oval-shaped bulgings o, o, fixed
one within the other, and covered by a caoutchouc tube, resisting the
action of the acid. This method of junction is preferable to that by a
means of nuts, which the acid always more or less deteriorates, and it
can be easily opened in case of need by simply changing the caoutchouc
pipe. The other end of the curved pipe is connected by the same means

page_text: to the leaden tube p', which leads the acid into the producer P, the
tube p' is soldered upon a lead mass m' cast upon the support S', which
serves as a conduit for the acid.
A porcelain button B' fixed to the bottom of the vessel marks the
level which the acid should attain when the materials for producing the
gas are spent.
At Figure 1 is shown the tube and the safety vessel of the producer of
the first kind of apparatus.
a is a tubo open at both ends, one ond being connected by a tie to the
producer P, and the other led to the bottom of the vessel A supported
upon the producer by the socket c.
the
If the difference between the pressure of the producer and that of
the atmosphere is more or less superior to the column of water e, c',
gas in excess is disengaged from the producer by the tube a, where the
exterior air enters therein through the same tube, which prevents any
excess or want of pressure or depression within the producer. This
system of tube & safety vessel prevents all sending off of the gas
through the acid vase, the column e, e', being less high than that of the
acid contained in the curved tube of the same vessel.
I claim as the chief feature of my Invention all herein-before described
and shown in the annexed Drawings,—
First. The peculiar construction of the apparatus enabling all the
elements of the manufacture to be collected upon the same frame,
namely, the producer with the acid vessel, the washer, the pump, and
the saturator.
Secondly. The method described for the automatic and continuous
production of carbonic acid gas by a feeding of acid founded upon the
bydrostatic principle of communicating forces, and regulated by the
aspiring action of the pump in proportion to the requirements of
the producer.
Thirdly. The arrangements described and shown to appropriate this
method of production to each of the systems for generating the gas, one
by the employment of sulphuric acid and chalk with the agitator, the
other by the employment of sulphuric acid greatly diluted with carbonate
of soda without agitator.

page_text: Fourthly. The peculiar action of the acid vessel of the tube and
safety vessel employed for the producer in the apparatus of the first
kind.
Fifthly, and lastly. The arrangements of a bell to the producer of the
apparatus of the second kind, and the flexible tubo serving for
the emptying of the liquid resulting from the decomposition of the
carbonate.
In witness whercof, I, the said Auguste Adrien Mondollot, have
hereunto set my hand and scal, this Twenty-third day of
November, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.
AUGUSTE ADRIEN MONDOLLOT. (L.S.)
ARMENGAUD, Jeune,
23, Boulevard de Strasbourg.