IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING ARTIFICIALLY AT VARIED TEMPErature and PRESSURES OXYGENATED, OZONIZED, AND AZOTIZED ATMOSPHERES OR ATMOSPHERIC BATHS, AND THE EMPLOYMENT THEREWITH OF GASES SUITABLE AS VEHICLES FOR THE IMPREGNATION OF VOLATILE SUB- STANCES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jean Marie Onesimé Tamin, of Paris, France, but tem-
porarily of 33, Chancery Lane, London, for the Invention of " IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING ARTIFICIALLY AT
VARIED TEMPErature and PRESSURES OXYGENATED, OZONIZED, AND AZOTIZED
ATMOSPHERES OR ATMOSPHERIC BATHS, AND THE EMPLOYMENT THEREWITH OF
GASES SUITABLE AS VEHICLES FOR THE IMPREGNATION OF VOLATILE SUB-
STANCES
"
Sealed the 8th May 1877, and dated the 17th November 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jean Marie Onesime Tamin
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th November 1876.
JEAN MARIE ONESIME TAMIN, of Paris, France, but temporarily of 33, Chancery
Lane, London. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PRO-
DUCING ARTIFICIALLY AT VARIED TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURES OXYGENATED,
OXONIZED, AND AZOTIZED ATMOSPHERES OR ATMOSPHERIC BATHS, AND THE EM-
PLOYMENT THEREWITH OF GASES SUITABLE AS VEHICLES FOR THE IMPREGNATION
OF VOLATILE SUBSTANCES."
The essential mechanical characteristic feature of my Invention is the employ-
ment of one or several successive compartments which precede the chamber or
chambers where the artificial atmospheres are prepared. These compartments may
vary in size like that of the size of the chambers which take the places of kinds of
"locks or "sluices
between the external air and the artificial atmosphere, thus
being able to be prepared outside or away from the patient who has to inhale it,
and without submitting them to the alternatives of each preparation.
"
"
The essential chemico-physical character of my Invention is to be able to produce
superoxygenated artificial atmospheres without being obliged to increase the or-
dinary barometric pressure.
The essential physiological and therapeutic character of the Invention is to be
able to vary as desired, according to the subject or patient to be treated, the com-
position, the temperature, the pressure of these atmospheres, and to act immediately
on the lungs and skin without changing the ordinary mechanical conditions of the
respiration in the atmospheric air.

page_text: The general essential character of the Invention is to be able to produce artificial
atmospheres at varying pressures without being obliged to maintain continuous con-
nection with the volumes, as 21 of oxygen is to 79 of azote, as that which takes
place in baths of compressed atmospheric air, the pressure of which varies, but the
relations of which are: : 21: 79 remain the same:
My apparatus is composed of a room and antichamber of which the walls, doors,
and other apertures are made with impermeable joints in any suitable known
manner. As well as a sliding partition for effecting the communication between
the two chambers a pneumatic apparatus is made use of to produce the desired vacuum
in the room; then by opening a tap which communicates with the gas holder the
oxygen is caused to pass by the action of the vacuum up to the ordinary pressure.
If it is desired to increase the pressure a force pump is put in communication
with the gas holder and with the room, the result of which is then to have in room
a quantity of oxygen, and in antichamber a volume y of air (21/1000 79/100 Az).
After the patient has been admitted into the antichamber the door is closed
hermetically, and the aperture in the sliding partition is opened; by this means a
communication between chamber and antichamber is established either by degrees
or abruptly, as desired. The inhaled atmosphere will then be composed of the
following proportions - of ogygen introduced in room + 21/100 of cube in anti-
chamber, and only, proportion 79/100 of azote of the cube in antichamber. The pro-
portions of oxygen are calculated or regulated by meters or graduated scales of the
gas holders.
In order that the tension of oxygen does not become reduced while the patient is
in the room, or in order to render the bath continuous, a communication may be
maintained with the gas holder; thus the consumed oxygen being immediately re-
placed the atmosphere will remain constantly unchanged as long as required. By
this means, besides, I am able to ascertain quickly the proportion of oxygen absorbed
and transformed in the lungs, by means of a cylinder in which a vacuum has been
previously made, another containing compressed oxygen, and a third containing
compressed azote, the three communicating with the room.
The pressure or the composition of the inhaling atmosphere may be maintained
or modified from the interior of the room during the bath (without having recourse
to the slow action of pumps) as easily as in ordinary baths; the bather may vary
the temperature of the bath by simply as it were turning on hot or cold water.
Several sluices or several rooms in communication with each other, and filled with
oxygen, the doors of which are successively closed after the introduction of a patient
or patients, affords the faculty the opportunity of entering into the last room where
the coefficient of azote, lessened at each shifting, is reduced to minimum in these
centres which have become more and more oxygenized or compressed as is the
case with Turkish baths, where to reach a high temperature it is necessary to pass
previously through the rooms of different temperature.
Instead of pressures equal or higher than the surrounding air there may be
introduced into the chamber, after the vacuum has been established, a volume of
oxygen having lower pressure than the extracted air, and I thus obtain weaker and
weaker pressures.
The variable temperature of the gases are produced by causing them to pass
through warming or cooling apparatus.
The mode of producing an azotized atmosphere containing a slight per-centage
more of azote than the ordinary air is the same.
The passage of oxygen or azote through a series of receptacles enables me to be
able to charge them with any dissolved substances or essences, either sulphurated
or ogygenated, according to prescription or desire.
In conformity with the recent and remarkable discovery of Crookes, the glass
placed in the openings of the apparatus are stained either purple, red, or of any
other convenient color, the physico-chemical effect of which seeins necessary to
increase the "sedation" or to stimulate the organism.
The gases and ozone are produced by ordinary and known means.

page_text: It will be understood that my Invention comprises all apparatus or combination
of apparatus made with one or more compartments possessing the typical character
of sluices or locks described, no matter what may be the shape, material, size, or the
number of sluices or rooms, or the mode of communication between all or any of
them, or the mode of moving the partitions or doors, or the modes employed to
close them hermetically, or the means adopted to rarefy the air, or to introduce, to
compress, or to withdraw the gases or vapors which are intended to prepare or
produce artificial atmospheres for one or more persons at the same time, or the
mode employed to produce the gases or vapors employed.
2. All apparatus containing the general or combined arrangements, substantially
as before described, as the use of cylinders caused to contain compressed gases or
vapors having for object to modify quickly the composition and the pressure
of artificial atinospheres even from the interior of the rooms or compartments.
3. The use of variable artificial atmospheres, oxygenised, as temperatures, pressure
compounds, but having the essential typical character as before described of
producing an atmosphere suroxygenized without raising the ordinary barometric
pressure or outside pressure.
4. The use of artificial atmospheres optionally ozoned.
5. The use of artificial atmospheres superazoted and prepared away from the
patient or patients intended to inhale them.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Jean Marie Onesime Tamin in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
17th May 1877.
JEAN MARIE ONESIME, Tamin, of Paris, France, but temporarily of 33, Chancery
Lanc, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PRO-
DUCING ARTIFICIALLY AT VARIED TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURES OXYGENATED,
OZONIZED, AND AZOTIZED ATMOSPHERES OR ATMOSPHERIC BATHS, AND THE EM-
PLOYMENT THEREWITH OF GASES SUITABLE AS VEHICLES FOR THE IMPREGNATION
OF VOLATILE SUBSTANCES."
My Invention consists,―
First. In producing superazotized or superoxygenated and other artificial atmo-
spheres, whatever may be the proportion of oxygen, azote, or any other gas or
volatile substances existing in these atmospheres, preparing them if desired without
increasing the ordinary barometric pressures, minima, mean, or maxima, and without
submitting the patient to the alternations of this preparation.
.
Second. In producing fumigations with different essences or volatile substances
by volatilizing in vacuo a determined proportion of these different essences or bodies
destined to obtain the desired therapeutic results either before introducing the
ordinary atmospheric air or before preparing an artificial atmospheric mixture of
variable composition.
Third. In affording facilities for reducing to a minimum the admission of ordinary
atmospheric air into the artificial atmospheres or fumigations by employing one or
more mixing chambers preceded by one or more intermediate compartments which
may vary in size, and which form as it were locks or sluices between the mixtures
or artificial atmospheres and the external atmospheric air.
Fourth. In affording facilities for preparing rapidly these atmospheres and fumi-
gations without direct assistance of air pumps, which are replaced by cylinders con-
taining the various gases, and by other cylinders in which vacuum has previously
been effected.
Fifth. In affording facilities for modifying at will gradually and with security by
carrying away or adding gases by means of measuring apparatus either the com-
position or pressure of artificial atmospheres while patients are in the apparatus. .

page_text: 10 Iuint the diferent purposes of une Defore-uESCI IDCU
oxytherapic or azotherapic apparatus.
Copy
And in order that this my Invention may be fully understood, I will now, but as
a mere exemplification, describe suitably constructed apparatus for producing the
mixtures or fumigations, and the bath room with appurtenances for applying them,
which are represented in a general arrangement plan at Figure 1.
Figures 2, 3, and 4 are separate views of details of the apparatus.
Figure 5 is an enlarged section of the bath room and appurtenances.
A, B, C, D, is the bath room with appertaining chambers or passages; g, a gas
holder for holding the gases from the generator d; p is a suction and force pump;
is one of several vessels for holding compressed oxygen and azote, and for vacuum;
t are wash bottles for washing the gases produced and the charges of volatile
substances; t¹ are wash bottles for taking up by continued circulation the carbonic
acid while the patient is in the bath chamber; m is the driving engine; q is the
gauge on the gasometer; b is an essence bottle for fumigation; 1 is a reservoir;
and N¹ a measurer for ozone; t¹¹ is a test tube for drawing off specimens of the air
in the chambers. The pump P exhausts the air from the bath chamber B by the
pipe u, or by the reservoir rif a vacuum has first been formed in the latter. The
gases produced in the generator a go through the wash bottles t and to the gas
holder by the pipe v; the pump P then draws the gas by the pipe x from the gas
holder and delivers it by the pipe y into the reservoirs ?.
7"
The bath chamber B is connected with the reservoirs and 1 by means of the
measuring apparatus N and N¹, which serve to admit into the chamber B, as
required, during the bath, a known and definite quantity of so many gallons of
oxygen, azote, ozone, steam or vapour or vacuum; in this way the artificial atmo-
sphere may during the bath and without inconvenience to the patient be modified
slowly, accurately, and as desired. The chamber B can by means of the pipes n
and be charged direct from the various reservoirs in order to prepare a bath
quickly without intervention of the measuring apparatus N or N¹, the chamber B
may also by the pipe ƒ be charged with the required gas directly from the gas
holder.
The circulation of the vitiated air in the bath chamber is effected by suction
pipe u of the pump, which in that case forces this air by the pipe z into the wash
bottles t, where the carbonic acid is washed out of it before again entering the
chamber B by the inlet J opposite to the suction J¹ where it encounters potash for
continually cleansing the artificial atmosphere of every trace of carbonic acid pro-
duced by the respiration of the patient. As this carbonic acid becomes fixed or
taken up by the potash, a vacuum proportionate to the oxygen consumed will be
produced on the chamber, and the vacuum gauges indicate the vacuum proportionate
to the various phases of pulmonary combustions.
The bath chamber with its appurtenances is, as before stated, represented alone
and to a larger scale in sectional elevation at Figure 5, and I will now more par-
ticularly describe this part of my apparatus.
A is the attendant's lobby; B, the bath room proper for the patient; and C, the
ante-room for the first entry of the patient; D (see Figure 1) is an ante-chamber
for impotent patients. The bath room and the ante-chamber are provided with
hermetically closing doors E and E¹. The windows F may be provided with
variously colored blinds or curtains. The cocks G serve to establish equilibrium of
the atmospheres contained in the bath chamber B, and the ante-chambers and the
cocks H, H, serve to establish equilibrium between the outer air and the air in the
ante-chambers. J is a vessel containing potash, and is connected to the inlet
circulation pipe; and J is a similar potash-containing vessel connected to the outlet
circulating pipe; K is an inlet valve; L and M are cocks inside the chamber B,
and connected to the measuring vessels N, N¹, b, and for inlet of gases or essences,
steam vacuum, and communicating with r, r, and b (see Figure 1); the measuring
vessels N are shown at Figure 1, and are provided with gauges; they can be
manipulated from without or from within the chamber B. O and P, see Figure 2,

page_text: are cocks outside the chamber B, and connected also with the measuring vessels;
L and M are cocks inside the chamber B and connected with the same measuring
vessels. The patient calls the attendant's attention by means of a whistle or
speaking tube Q, by the inlet valve K, or by a bell pull Q¹. R is a marking board
and clock; S, a thermometer; T, a hydrometer; and U, U, are mercury and water
or alcohol barometers; communicating outside and inside, maximal and minimal;
V, V, are manometers or gauges communicating also inside and outside instead of
spirometers for noting observations or scales relative to the vibrations in the
respiratory capacity of the patients and their absorption of oxygen. X is a looking
glass.
The mode in which this apparatus may be used is as follows:-Close the doors E,
open a cock on the pipe n¹ placed between compartment B and a vacuum vessel.
The volume in B being ascertained a definite quantity of air may be extracted at
will. The vacuum gauge indicates the vacuum obtained. By opening pipe n which
is in communication either with the cylinder containing compressed azote or with
that of compressed oxygen, the same amount of azote or oxygen is introduced to
that of air extracted by the communication with the vacuum vessel having been
opened as just named. The pointer on the vacuum gauge coming back to zero
shows that the principal mixture is accomplished without any alteration in pressure
compared with the external barometric pressure. Afterwards the steam and ozone
are let in in definite measure by means of measuring apparatus or metres N and N¹.
The mixture being thus effected the bath room B, shown at Figure 5, is ready for
the admittance of patients thereto. The patient is first introduced in the ante-
chamber C, the outer door E¹ to the chamber C.is then closed after him, and the
equilibrium tap G in the room C is opened, causing the ante-room C and the bath
chamber B to communicate; curtains or blinds made of suitable shaded or colored
fabrics to produce the desired coloric and physiologic influence are or may be drawn
on the windows. The attendant enters into the compartment A and shuts after him
the door E¹ by which he entered; he then opens the cock G in the compartment A,
and having thus put A in communication with B he enters into B; then he opens
the door E leading to the compartment C to admit the patient; then he returns
into A and closes the door E between B and A, and after having opened the tap H
in the compartment A he gets out. Thus it is possible for patients even while
asleep to breathe an atmosphere containing any proportion of oxygen or azote
without augmenting the barometric pressure of the outside of the atmospheric air
which is indicated by the comparison of barometers, one of which communicates or
indicates outside the indications of the interior, and the other one which is placed
in the open air.
For the preparation of fumigations I proceed as follows:-Vacuum is effected in
the chamber B; Figure 4 represents the essence bottle 6 of Figure 1, to a larger scale.
The essence to be volatilized is introduced into the bottle b; the tap 0¹ is then
closed and the taps P¹, M³, are opened, the substance then expands and volatilizes
into the chamber B. The air is either simply let in by opening the taps O¹, P¹, M¹,
or an artificial atmosphere is produced as already explained above. The patient is
introduced into the chamber similarly as above described. During the bath the
pump P, in plan at Figure 1 and in elevation at Figure 3, is at work for effecting
air circulation in B and C by the pipes u and z, the wash bottle t¹ and the pipe Z¹
for retaining the exhaled carbonic acid. The vacuum gauge (either with water or
spirits) communicates with the interior, and indicates outside the proportion of oxygen
consumed, which is replaced by means of the measurer N, shown separately at
Figure 2, when a measure N, full of oxygen, for instance, is thus to be let into the
chamber B, the cock inside the chamber B must be opened, and the cock L closed.
The measure N having been filled, the cock L is closed, the cock P is opened, and the
gas expands into the chamber B. When the patient is to leave the chamber the cock H
in the chamber C (Figure 5) must first be opened and then the door E¹ in the
chamber A. There may be several successive bath rooms filled with oxygen for
instance, and the doors of which are successively closed after the patient or patients,

page_text: thus affording facility for entering into the last room where the co-efficient of azote,
lessened at each room, is reduced to a minimum similarly to the gradual increase of
heat in the chambers of a Turkish bath, or a lower pressure of oxygen than that of
the outer air may be established in the bath room, as desired, or each successive
bath room may have a lower and lower pressure.
Different temperatures of the gases may be produced by passing them through
heating or cooling apparatus. The mode of producing and using azotized atmosphere
containing a per-centage more of azote than the ordinary air is the same. The passage
of oxygen or azote through a series of receptacles enables me to charge them with any
dissolved substances or essences, either balsamic, sulphuretted, or oxygenated, or
other, according to prescription or desire. Coloured glass may be used for the
windows of the bath rooms for accomplishing desired phisico-thermal effects. The
gases and ozone are produced by ordinary and known means.
In order that my method may be better understood I have here given a mere
specimen of a complete set of apparatus showing the different ways of working the
same, but I must add that the number of rooms and ante-rooms, their sizes, form,
their mode of communication, of closing their outer and inner arrangement, the
. general construction of compartments, locks or sluices, cylinders, meters, gauges, and
other appliances, &c., are quite optional and depending on circumstances; this also
depends on the materials employed, the proportion of gases and their production
and purification, the kind of pumps (either suction pumps or forcing pumps)
employed, and so on.
And having thus fully described the nature of this my Invention, I declare that
I claim,
Firstly. The method of producing and applying different artificial atmospheres
and fumigations, substantially as described.
Secondly. The employment of one or more bath chambers communicating or not
with one another, and provided with one or more ante-chainbers or "locks," all
substantially as described and shown.
Thirdly. The employment of reservoirs containing different gases or for vacuum,
and applied substantially as herein set forth.
Fourthly. The employment of measuring vessels, as and for the purpose set
forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jean Marie Onesime Tamin, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.