IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING FATTY AND OILY MATTERS, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES
Year: 1844

page_text: TO. ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, GEORGE
FERGUSSON WILSON, of Belmont, Vauxhall, in the County of Surrey, Gentle-
man, GEORGE GWYNNE, of Princes Street, Cavendish Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, and JAMES PILLANS WILSON, of Belmont aforesaid,
Gentleman, send greeting.
"
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twelfth day of Decem-
ber, in the eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and succes-
sors, give and grant unto us, the said George Fergusson Wilson, George
Gwynne, and James Pillans Wilson, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that we, the said
George Fergusson Wilson, George Gwynne, and James Pillans Wilson, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, and every of us, by ourselves, or by our
deputy or deputies, servants or agents, or such others as we, the said George
Fergusson Wilson, George Gwynne, and James Pillans Wilson, our exccutors,
administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within that
part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, the
Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in the Islands of
Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and also in all Her said Majesty's
Colonies and Plantations abroad, our Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING
FATTY AND OILY MATTERS, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES;" in which

page_text: said Letters Patent is contained a proviso requiring us, the said George
Fergusson Wilson, George Gwynne, and James Pillans Wilson, particularly to
describe and ascertain the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under our hands and
seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, and to cause the same to be
enrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully
and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
George Fergusson Wilson, George Gwynne, and James Pillans Wilson, do,
and each and every of us doth, hereby declare that the nature of our said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully
and particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, that is to say:-
The first part of our Invention relates to a mode of regulating the crystalli-
zation of distilled products for the manufacture of candles. In distilling fatty
matters, it will generally be found that there is considerable variety in the crystal-
lization or grain of the products. For example, in distilling cold-pressed acids
of tallow obtained from saponified tallow, the products coming over at different
stages of the process will, on cooling, crystallize in various forms, some parts
being very little crystalline, and some parts very highly so; and if the whole
product of the distillation be mixed together, it will cool into a very crystalline
state, which quality, as is well known, is objectionable in the manufacture of
candles. The crystallization of distilled products differs much in different fats,
as, for instance, in the case of acids of palm oil it is much more uniform than
in the instance above mentioned. But we find that in the distillation of fatty
and oily matters generally, products differing more or less in their crystalline
qualities come over at different stages of the process; and we find that there is
a point in the process where the crystallization may be broken or greatly modified
by separating the products from each other. In the instance above mentioned
of cold-pressed acids of tallow obtained from saponified tallow, we have found
that, in distilling a charge producing about four thousand four hundred and
eighty pounds weight of distilled acids of tallow, the first one thousand two
hundred pounds, or thereabouts, should be kept separate from the rest, and each
of the two quantities so separated from each other should be applied to the
manufacture of candles without being mixed with the other quantity. As far
as our experience has gone, the above proportions would always produce a
beneficial effect in the distillation of pressed acids obtained from saponified

page_text: Saint Petersburgh tallow; but as it is well known to the stearic acid manu--
facturer that the crystals of the stearic acids of different parcels of tallow vary.
considerably, an intelligent workman will be able, after distilling one batch, to
adapt the proportions more exactly to the particular quality of the material.
We believe this first part of our Invention to be especially applicable to the
distillation of acids of tallow, but other distilled products may be prepared in
a similar way for the manufacture of candles, according to the nature and
quality of their crystallization. We would here mention that we are aware
that in the Specification of a Patent granted to William Coley Jones, and
bearing date at Westminster on or about the Eighth day of November One
thousand eight hundred and forty-two, it was proposed to receive the products
of the distillation of acids of cocoa-nut oil in separate vessels, in consequence.
of great differences of consistence occurring in the distillation of acids of that
material; and we would here observe, that our Invention has no reference to
the separating. of distilled products according to varieties in their consis-
tence, but only to the separating thereof, so as to modify their crystallization.
The second part of our Invention relates to a mode of purifying certain
distilled products. We find that if tallow or animal fat, or lard, or oil foots be
distilled, the products of such distillation may be greatly improved by being
redistilled, with the air excluded, by an atmosphere of steam or other suitable
means; and we also find, that if fatty acids be distilled without excluding the
action of the air, the products of such distillation may be improved by being
again distilled, with the air excluded by an atmosphere of steam or other suit-
able means. We prefer to effect this part of our Invention by apparatus
similar to that described in the Specification of a Patent granted to us, the
said George Gwynne and George Fergusson Wilson, and bearing date at
Westminster on or about the Sixteenth day of November, One thousand eight
hundred and forty-three; and we apply the product to the manufacture of
candles by subjecting the same to pressure in the usual way, and making the
harder product of pressure into candles. We would here observe, that we are
aware that the Specification of a Patent granted to the said George Gwynne,
and bearing date at Westminster on or about the Tenth day of March; One
thousand eight hundred and forty, claims the repeated distillation of fatty acids
under the access of the air, and we mention this in order to state that we lay no
claim thereto. We would also observe, that we are aware the Specification of
the said Patent, granted to the said George Gwynne and George Fergusson
Wilson, and bearing date at Westminster on or about the Sixteenth day of No-
vember, One thousand eight hundred and forty-three, proposes the redistillation
of certain liquid acids resulting from processes of bagging or pressure, in order

page_text: to fit the same for burning in lamps, and we mention this in order to state,
that we lay no claim to the redistillation of liquid acids resulting from
processes of bagging or pressure.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and the best means we
are acquainted with for carrying it into effect, we would have it understood
that what we claim as our Invention consists in the following particulars, that
is to say,
First, we claim the mode of treating products of the distillation of fatty and
oily matters for regulating the crystallization thereof, as above described; and
we also claim the manufacture of candles from products so treated.
Secondly, we claim the redistillation, with the air excluded by an atmo-
sphere of steam or otherwise, of products obtained by distilling tallow or
animal fat, or lard, or oil foots; and we also claim the manufacture of candles
from such matters so treated.
Thirdly, we claim the redistillation, with the air excluded by an atmosphère
of steam, or otherwise, of products obtained by distilling fatty acids under the
acess of the air; and we also claim the manufacture of candles from such
matters so treated.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Fergusson Wilson, for and on
behalf of myself and the said George Gwynne and James Pillans
Wilson, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of
June, One thousand eight hundred and forty-five.