The Manufacture of an Improved Woven-pile Fabric.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Mar., 1897-Accepted, 22nd May, 1897
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
The Manufacture of an Improved Woven-pile Fabric.
I WILLIAM BRIMFIELD, of Blue Anchor, in the County of Camden State of New
Jersey, one of the United States of America, Weaver, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in woven pile fabrics, and the object of
my invention is to furnish an improved method for holding the pile yarn in the
fabric so as to form a double-faced pile fabric.
In my improved pile fabric two or more of the warp threads are so disposed as
to grasp and firmly hold the pile yarn in place, the warp threads being wound or
twisted around the pile yarn, not the pile yarn around the warp threads or weft
filling as has heretofore been done.
In the accompanying drawings forming part of this specification and in which
similar letters of reference indicate similar parts throughout the several views;
Fig. 1. is a diagrammatic side elevation of one form of my improved pile fabric ;
Fig. 2, a plan of Fig. 1 ;
Figs. 3 and 4, 5 and 6, 7 and 8, 9 and 10, 11 and 12, are diagrammatic side
elevations and plans of other forms of my improved pile fabric;
Fig. 13, a diagrammatic side elevation of a machine for producing my fabric;
Fig. 14, a side elevation of a cam;
Fig. 15, a section of Fig. 13 on line -a; and
Fig. 16, a front elevation of part of reed Fig. 13.
A. B. and C. are the warp threads. The threads A B may be called the locking
warp threads, and C the stuffing warp thread, the purpose of which is to give body
to the fabric. D is the pile yarn and E the weft filling.
My improved lock for the pile yarn may be formed in two ways, first, by rotating
the warp threads which form the lock the one about the other a half turn or
180 degrees, inserting the pile yarn and then rotating the threads back again.
This form of lock is shown in Figs. 1 and 2; or, second, by causing the warp.
threads which form the lock to rotate one about the other a full turn or 360 degrees,
then causing them to rotate back again, and inserting the pile yarn at suitable intervals.
This second form of lock is shown in Figures 3 to 12.
In Figs. 1 and 2 the warp threads A, B pass first, one over and the other under a
weft filling thread E, then the first thread under and the second over the next weft
filling thread and so on as is usual, but between each shot of weft filling
the warp
threads A, B are together revolved one half a turn, or 180 degrees, as best shown in
Fig. 2, and then back again which causes a double crossing of the warp threads,
forming a mesh which lies horizontally as shown in Fig. 2. The pile yarn is inserted
vertically at suitable intervals in the meshes formed between the warp threads A, B,
one side of the pile yarn being, when the fabric is tightened, driven up against the
weft E by the closing of the warp threads A, B, which owing to their crossing as
described hug it closely and effectually prevent it being drawn from its place in the
completed fabric.
The warp C is in this case used merely as a stuffer for giving body to the fabric.
It is placed between two sets of the warps A, B and passes alternately over and under
the weft threads E as shown.

page_text: In Figs. 3 and 4 the warp threads A, B are arranged so as to pass both above one
weft thread, then both below the next weft thread, and so on. These threads are
together twisted in one direction 360 degrees between alternate shots of weft filling E
and then back 360 degrees in the same manner, as shown. The stuffing warp thread C
passes over the weft threads that the other warp threads pass under, and under the
weft threads that the other warp threads pass over, and in passing up and down it
passes through the loops formed by the crossing of these other warp threads. The
pile yarn D is placed through the loops formed by the crossing of the warp threads
and rests against one side of the weft threads as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, being held in
the triangular enclosures between the weft threads and the threads.
warp
In Figs. 5 and 6 the warp threads A, B pass one above and the other under each
weft thread, the thread A passing under each weft thread, and the thread B over each
weft thread. These threads are between each weft thread looped or crossed as shown
best in Fig. 5, the thread A first passing under thread B and then over this thread.
This crossing is made by revolving the threads together first 360 degrees in one
direction and then back again. Between each revolution in one direction the weft
filling E is shot and between each revolution in the other direction the pile yarn is
placed. The stuffing warp thread C passes over all the weft threads as shown, and is
drawn in between the loops which are formed by the other warp threads between the
weft threads, when these warp threads are given a complete turn, in a loop form.
The pile yarn D is passed down between the warp threads A, B and the warp thread C
the two former being upon one side of the pile yarn, the latter upon the other side.
When the fabric is beaten up these warp threads are drawn against the pile yarn
holding it securely in place.
In Figs. 7 and 8 the warp threads A, B are again between each weft thread twisted
360 degrees to form the lock for the pile yarn which is inserted in the lock as shown.
The stuffing warp thread C in this case passes under one weft thread, then up to one
side of the threads A, B, and the pile yarn D, then over the threads A, B, down upon
the other side of these threads, over again to the first side, then over the next weft
thread, then again as before under and over the warps A, B again under the next weft
thread and so on.
In Figs. 9 and 10 the threads A, B make a complete twist of 360 degrees between
each weft thread to form the locks for the pile yarn which is passed between the two
loops formed by these warps as shown. The warp threads A, B are arranged so as to
be always on one side of all the weft threads and the warp stuffing thread C passes
always to the same side of the pile yarn threads, then down between threads A, B
under the weft threads E, up between threads A, B, and so on.
In Figs. 11 and 12 the lock for the pile yarn is formed as before, that is by twisting
the warp threads completely around, or 360 degrees at and between each weft filling
thread, the two loops formed by the warp threads between each weft thread forming a
mesh through which the pile yarn is passed and between which it is held when the
fabric is beaten up. The stuffer C, as was the case with the stuffer described in
connection with Figs. 1 and 2, is merely used to give body to the fabric.
In all the figures shown it will be observed that the pile yarn is held in place by the
warp threads which are so disposed that they are wound around the pile, not the pile
around the warps.
The advantages that I claim for my invention are first, a perfectly tight lock for the
pile yarn. Second, cheapness of construction combined with excellence of finish. In
a pile fabric the pile is the only part of the fabric that is seen, the warp and the weft
threads serving merely as a binder to bold the pile yarn in place may be of some cheap
material, jute, cotton or linen. The pile yarn is the expensive material and all of this
material which is held by the body of the fabric is lost. In my fabric the expensive
pile yarn, usually wool, is used in the most economical manner, it practically passes
straight through the fabric in a direction normal or perpendicular thereto so that it
appears on both sides thereof, and is not bent or wound around the warp and weft
threads, and owing to this saving of material I am able to produce a fabric with
considerably less pile yarn than has heretofore been possible.

page_text: I do not desire to confine myself to any particular mechanism for forming my fabric
as it may be made by several machines. I show, however, in Fig. 13, a skeleton side
elevation of a device by means of which the fabric may be produced. In this
figure W is the warp beam, L the lay, R the reed, A-B warp threads. F disks the
peripherys of which are furnished with teeth as shown. G-H are bars one above,
the other below the disks F which are furnished with grooves K in which are placed
racks I, J which are adapted to engage with the teeth on the disks F. The disks F
are held horizontally by the grooves K in the bars G-H. M is a lever pivoted at N.
0-P are connecting rods the outer ends of which are pivoted to lever M at equal
distances from the pivot N as shown and the other ends of which are pivoted to the
bars G-H. V is a cam adapted to engage and rock lever M. S-T are perforations
diametrically opposite one another in disks F through which the warp threads A, B
pass, the former through the perforation S, the latter through the perforation T.
The disks F take the place of the ordinary heddles for opening and closing the shed,
and they at the same time cause the half or full turn to be given to the warps.
The movement of the cam V, which may be driven in any suitable manner, causes
the lower end of the lever M to be moved outward and its upper end to be moved
inward and the connecting rods then pull the bars G-H, the latter out and the
former in, moving the racks I-J in opposite directions at the same speed and the
disks F are turned about their axes, but with the exception of this turning they do not
change their relative positions. When the racks are all the way out or all the way in
the holes or perforations S-T stand vertically one above the other and the shed is
open for the passage of the shuttle. If the racks are operated so as to cause the disks
to turn 180 degrees the shed is gradually closed, the warps A, B are caused to twist
one about the other one half turn as shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, and the shed is
then again gradually opened. On the return movement of the disk the operation is
reversed. If the racks are operated so as to cause a complete revolution of the disks
the
warps will be rotated a full turn as shown in Figs. 5 to 12.
In Fig. 13 the cam V is adapted for moving the lever M so as to cause a full
revolution of the disks F. In Fig. 14 a cam V₁ is shown which is adapted to cause
the disks F to make one half a revolution and then reverse, that is a turn of 180 degrees
and back again, in order to cause a half turn of the warp threads.
The cams shown are adapted to cause a movement of the lever M in only one
direction, a spring U being used to return this lever and its connected parts to their
first positions.
Fig. 15 is a section of Fig. 13 on line x-x and shows the arrangement of the
bars G-H, the disks F, and the frame for carrying the bars. Fig. 16 is an end
elevation of part of the reed R which shows a diagonal arrangement of the dents which
arrangement causes the horizontal opening of the warp threads A, B in order to
allow the easy passage of the needle W' which pushes the pile-yarn vertically into
the fabric. After the pile yarn has been pushed through the fabric it is cut off
by any suitable knife or shears.
The needle W¹ is operated by the jacquard or other mechanical arrangement
which is well known to all weavers and which need not be described in detail here.
The warp stuffing thread may be caused to take the several positions shown in
the drawings by heddles in the usual manner.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :
1. The double-faced pile fabric herein described, consisting of weft-threads, warp-
threads twisted back and forth, and substantially straight tuft-pieces passing from
face to face of the fabric at right angles thereto, said tuft-pieces being gripped and
held by the twisted warp-threads.
2. The double-faced pile fabric herein described, consisting of weft threads, warp
threads which are twisted together between the weft threads, and substantially

page_text: straight tuft pieces which are gripped and held in the triangular enclosures formed
by the weft threads and the twisted warp threads.
Dated this 1st day of Fahana 1907
WILLIAM BRIMFIELD.
D. Young & Co.,
11 & 12 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.