IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM HAMMERS, AND IN MEANS OF APPLYING THEM TO THE MANUFACTURE OF BOILERS AND TUBES
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Emmet, of Dalton, near Huddersfield, in
the County of York, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM HAMMERS, AND IN MEANS OF APPLYING THEM TO THE MANUFACTURE OF
BOILERS AND TUBES,"
Sealed the 27th April 1866, and dated the 31st. October 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Emmet at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his. Petition, on the
31st October 1865.
I, CHARLES EMMET, of Dalton, near Huddersfield, in the County of York,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE
MENTS IN STEAM HAMMERS, AND IN MEANS OF APPLYING THEM TO THE MANUFACTURE
OF BOILERS AND TUBES," to be as follows:-
The first part of this Invention has for its object the rendering of steam
hammers self-acting in reversing the piston immediately on the blow being
given, and at whatever length of stroke required or thickness of metal under
operation. This is effected by the employment of a weight supported on a
spring attached to the piston rod, and carried thereby. A bell-crank lever is
also attached to the piston rod, and another bell-crank lever hinged to the
cylinder, one arm of which is connected to the low valve or the valve for
admitting steam to produce the back stroke of the piston or hammer. The
momentum of the weight acquired by any stroke of the hammer overcomes
the spring, allowing the said weight to move forward after the blow is given,
and act upon the first-named lever, which operates the second, and thereby
shuts off the steam and opens the exhaust to the top side of the piston, when

page_text: the steam, which is always on the under or annular side, will cause the piston
to make the return stroke.
The second part of the Invention consists in adapting or arranging steam
hammers to be used for ordinary forge or smith work, and operated by and
so as to strike at any desired speed or force a blow at the will of the smith.
This is effected by means of a treadle and rod attached to the valve, which
treadle is capable of a slide movement by the foot of the smith, which will act
on a lever in communication with the throttle valve regulating the quantity of
steam to be admitted according to the speed required.
The third part of.this Invention has reference to improved means of applying
steam hammers for rivetting cylindrical steam boilers and tubes. For this
purpose I construct an apparatus, by preference, in form of a cross, composed
of a central boss with four arms projecting at right angles to each other,
which are capable of being adjusted by nuts and screw threads thereon, so as
to fix the apparatus within the boiler. A square bar is fitted into a hole
formed through the boss longitudinally of the boiler,, which is capable of
sliding or being moved and set therein by screw and nut or rack and pinion;
also a round bar or spindle is fitted through the hole longitudinally of the
square bar, and capable of rotating therein. A projecting arm is formed or
fixed on one end of the round bar, suitable to fix a steam hammer thereon,
and having also provision made for carrying a worm arranged to gear in
a worm wheel fixed on the end of the square shaft, by means of which the
hammer can be moved round the inner surface of the boiler or tube, as
required.
Fourthly, this Invention consists in constructing steam hammers so that
either the anvil or its block, or the stand which supports the hammer,
are capable of being set at an angle to each other to enable an angular
or wedge-formed effect to be produced on metal under operation; also in
applying a slide or transverse motion to the anvil, actuated by screw, gear, or
rack, so as more easily to bring any part of the metal under the action of the
hammer.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Emmet in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
30th April 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
EMMET, of Dalton, near Huddersfield, in the County of York, Engineer, send
greeting.

page_text: time
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Charles Emmet, Her special licence that I, the said Charles Emmet,
my executors,administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles
Emmet, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM HAM-
MERS, AND IN MEANS OF APPLYING THEM TO THE MANUFACTURE OF BOILERS
AND TUBES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles
Emmet, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Emmet, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying three Sheets of Drawings (that is to say):-
The first part of this Invention has for its object the rendering of steam
hammers self-acting in reversing the piston immediately on the blow being
given, and at whatever length of stroke required or thickness of metal under
operation. This is effected by the employment of a weight supported on a
spring attached to the piston rod, and carried thereby. A bell-crank lever is
also attached to the piston rod, and another bell-crank lever is hinged to the
cylinder, one arm of which is connected to the valve spindle. The momentum
of the weight acquired by any stroke of the hammer overcomes the spring,
allowing the said weight to move forward after the blow is given, and to act
upon the first-named lever, which lever operates upon the second lever, and
thereby reversing the valve shuts off the steam and opens the exhaust, and
thus releases the steam from the top side of the piston, when the steam (which
is always on the under or annular side) will cause the piston to make the
return stroke.
The second part of the Invention consists in adapting or arranging steam
hammers to be used for ordinary forge or smith work so as to strike at any

page_text: desired speed and force of blow at the will of the smith. This is effected by
means of a treadle which (in addition to a rocking motion) is capable of a
slide movement, which will act upon a lever in communication with the
throttle valve for regulating the quantity of steam to be admitted to the under
side of the piston, according to the speed required; the force of blow is
regulated by the rocking motion of the treadle.
The third part of this Invention has reference to improved means of
applying steam hammers for rivetting cylindrical steam boilers and tubes. For
this purpose I construct an apparatus (by preference) in form of a cross,
composed of a central boss with four arms projecting at right angles to each
other, which are capable of being adjusted by nuts and screw threads, so as to
fix the apparatus within the boiler. A square bar is fitted into a hole formed
through the boss longitudinally of the boiler, which is capable of sliding or
being moved therein by a screw and nut or by rack and pinion; also a
round bar or spindle is fitted through the hole longitudinally of the square
bar, and capable of rotating. therein. A projecting arm is formed or fixed
on one end of the round bar, suitable to fix a steam hammer upon, having
also provision made to carry a worm arranged to gear in a worm wheel fixed
on the end of the square shaft, by means of which the hammer can be moved
around the inner surface of the boiler or tube as required.
Fourthly, this Invention cousists in constructing steam hammers so that
either the anvil or its block, or the stand which supports the hammer, are
capable of being set so as to bring the face of the anvil and the face of the
hammer when in contact at an angle to each other to enable an angular or
wedge-formed effect to be produced on metal under operation; also in
applying a slide or traverse motion to the anvil, or in constructing the anvil
to be capable of sliding on its block, which may be actuated by either screw
or rack movement to enable the smith more easily to bring any part of the
metal under the action of the hammer.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. I is a front elevation of a steam haminer constructed and arranged
according to this Invention; Fig. 2 is an end elevation of the same; Fig. 3
is a vertical section of the cylinder and valve boxes on a larger scale; and
Fig. 4 is a plan of the same.
The first part of these improvements are shewn and indicated by the follow-
ing letters-A is a slidable weight placed on the top of the piston rod, and
supported thereon by the spiral spring B, which rests upon a bracket C fixed
to the piston rod, and carrying a friction roller D); also a stand E, to which

page_text: is hinged a bell-crank lever F, one arm of which is forked and connected by
side rods G to the weight A. To the other arm of this lever is hinged a
slidable foot bearing against one arm of another bell-crank lever H, which is
hinged on a stand fixed to the cylinder, the other arm entering a slot in the
valve spindle I. It will be seen that the hammer J, piston K, and rod Lare
in one piece, as usual, and that the weight A, with the bell-crank lever F,
are carried up or down therewith; but it will be readily perceived that by the
descent of the piston, and the hammer coming into contact with the auvil or
metal thereon which suddenly stops its descent, the momentum given to the
weight by the fall overcomes the spring B and actuates the bell-cranklever F,
which also acts on the lever H and lifts the valve rod I, placing the valve in
the position shewn at Fig. 3, with the steam port closed and the exhaust open
to the top of the piston, releasing the steam therefrom, when the steam on the
under side of the piston immediately acts thereon, and reverses the action or
raises the hammer; and when the piston approaches the top of the cylinder
the friction roller 1) acts on the lever H (which has been placed as sceu by
the dotted lines), and again operates the valve, which opens the steam port to
the top of the piston to effect another stroke.
The second part of the improvements are indicated as follows:-M is a
treadle hinged to a slidable frame N. This treadle is connected by a lever O
to one end of a rocking shaft P, to the other end of which is a lever Q, to
which is a rod R connected to a lever S, which is attached to the spindle of
a valve I, for admitting more or less steam to the top side of the piston, which
is effected by the smith or attendant pressing either with the heel or toe of
his foot on the treadle as required. The slidable frame is connected by a
rod U to a lever V, which is fixed on a long boss riding on the shaft P, on
the other end of which boss is a lever W connected by a rod X to a lever Y,
which is attached to the spindle of a valvez, for admitting more or less steam
to the under side of the piston, which is effected by pushing the said frame in
or out with the foot.
The third part of my Invention is shewn at Figs. 5 and 6, Sheet 2,
which are plan and elevation of apparatus constructed and arranged to be
fixed within a boiler or tube, and carrying a steam hammer for rivetting such
boiler or tube.
A is a central boss with a series of sockets formed thereon, in which fit, so
as to be capable of sliding, a series of projecting arms B, having screw threads
formed with nuts C fitting thereon, by the turning of which the arms may
be forced outward to fix the apparatus within a boiler or tube D, as will be
readily understood. A square bar E is fitted to slide in the boss by means of

page_text: a screw spindle F fitting in a nut G fixed into the boss, which screw is
operated by a hand wheel H and spindle I connected thereto by gear J. A
round shaft K is passed through the square one, which is capable of being
turned therein by means of a worm wheel L, fixed on the square bar, and a
worm M operated by the hand wheel N, which is attached to and carried by
a projecting arm or slide bed P, fixed on the round bar, upon which bed the
steam hammer R is carried, and is capable of being moved thereon by the
screw S and hand wheei T.
It will be observed that by means of this part of my improvements a steam
hammer can be inoved around the inner circumference of a cylindrical boiler
or tube, also longitudinally thereof according to the length of the square
bar, and can be readily adjusted or set to operate upon each rivet in one
length of plates, and then the apparatus can be moved forward to operato
upon another length, and so on.
The fourth part of this Invention is shewn at Figs. 7 and 8 (Sheet 3),
where Fig. 7 is the side elevation of a hammer constructed so as to be
capable of producing angular or wedge-formed forgings.
A is a pillar fixed to a bed plate B, upon which also the anvil block C is
capable of sliding. D is a bracket capable of sliding up or down on the
pillar, motion being given thereto by hand wheel E, shaft F, bevil gear G,
and screw H, which passes through a nut I fixed on the said slidable bracket.
On this bracket is fixed the cylinder J with the necessary appendages, and a
hammer K is also hinged thereto, and which is connected by a rod L to the
piston M, which in this case is of the trunk kind. The anvil N is capable
of moving in slides on its block by means of a screw P operated by a hand
wheel R, a front view of which will be seen at Fig. 1, Sheet 1. The
anvil block is also moveable laterally by means of a screw thread on the
shaft F working in a nut F¹ fixed on the auvil block. It will be observed
that the face of the hammer head is shewn to be parallel with the face of
the anvil when in near contact, but if the bracket D, with its attachments,
be lifted higher on the pillar the face of the hammer would form an angle
with the face of the anvil when in near contact, and this angularity may be
varied according to requirement by the attendant, but as by lifting the bracket
the centre of the hammer head at the point of concussion with the anvil
will be nearer the pillar, I have arranged that the thread of the screw ou
shaft F shall be in such suitable proportion to the screw spindle H as to
produce the required inward motion of the anvil.
Fig. 8 shews another method of obtaining angularity between the face of
the hammer and that of the anvil.

page_text: A is the hammer fixed on a bracket B, which is formed with two trunnions
or pivots supported in pedestals C, C, fixed to the bed plate D. On one of
the trunnions is fixed a worm wheel E, into which gears a worm F keyed on
a short shaft, on which is also fixed a bevil wheel G, gearing with another
hevil H fixed on a shaft I, extending to the front of the anvil block J, on
which is a hand wheel. It will be readily perceived that by turning the hand
wheel motion will be given to the worm wheel, and consequently turning the
bracket on its axis,producing obliquity of the hammer, and therefore angularity
of the face with the auvil.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Emmet, have hereunto set.
my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of April, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-six.
CHARLES EMMET. (L.S.)