AN IMPROVED PROCESS OR IMPROVED PROCESSES FOR PRE- PARING CERTAIN VEGETABLE EXTRACTS, AND ALSO FOR PRESERVING THE AROMA OF CERTAIN VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES FROM THE ATMOSPHERE
Year: 1847

page_text: DPECIF TION of a l'atent for England & the Colonies to
William Pidding, of Bernard Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentlemen, "AN IMPROVED PROCESS OR IMPROVED PROCESSES FOR PRE-
PARING CERTAIN VEGETABLE EXTRACTS, AND ALSO FOR PRESERVING THE AROMA
OF CERTAIN VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES FROM THE ATMOSPHERE."-Sealed 24th
Feb 1847.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Pidding, have ascertained and set forth the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be carried into effect, in and by
the following description thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say :-
My improved processes for preparing certain vegetable extracts consist,
firstly, in a process for obtaining an extract of the volatile particles or essential
oils of tea, coffee, chicory, and hops, and & tobacco; secondly, in a process for
preparing a solid and dry extract of the fixed but soluble matter of tea, coffee,
chicory, hops, and and malt and tobacco; thirdly, in restoring the aroma to the
dry extracts of tea, coffee, chicory, and hops and-tobaeee, by mixing with the dry
extracts of either of these substances the essential oil of the same substance, in
such proportion as may be deemed most suitable. My process for preparing the
volatile extracts consists in exposing the materials to the action of heat in close
vessels connected with a receiver, in which a partial vacuum is either con-
tinuously maintained or established at intervals during the operation, either by
the action of an air pump or by any other the means ordinarily employed for
the purpose. The receiver should be placed in a refrigerator in order more
readily to condense the essential oils, and it may contain gum arabic pounded,

page_text: or lump or moist sugar, to receive the oils as they become condensed, whereby
they are retained and not so readily dissipated. In the distillation, in lieu of a
naked fire, I prefer fixing the distilling apparatus in a bath containing oil or a
saline solution, or a fusible metal, and regulating the temperature so that it
shall not exceed 220° Fah. The coffee, tea, chicory, er or hops er-tobacco
should be operated upon in a dry state, and I would here observe that to
obtain the essential oils of tea or coffee, I prefer operating upon tea which has
not undergone the process of drying and curling, and that the coffee should
be unroasted. In the preparation of the solid and dry extracts of tea, coffee,
chicory, hops and and malt and tobaees, I proceed as follows:-I place the
materials (which, if they consist of coffee or chicory, should be first roasted
and ground,) in vessels of any suitable form or construction, and pour upon
them boiling water, and so-on-until the whole or nearly the whole then closely
cover them over, and after the water has remained some time I draw off the
water, which will then contain a portion of the soluble extract, and introduce a
fresh portion of boiling water, and so on until the whole or nearly the whole of
the soluble substance of the material be extracted. This soluble extract in I then
concentrate, by evaporation, in an open vessel, until it approaches the consistency
of a thin syrup, when I remove it to a close vessel in which a partial vacuum
is maintained, by an air pump or otherwise; and I evaporate it to dryness, by
steam, heat, or other regulated heat not exceeding 220° Fah, or thereabouts
or I may continue the evaporation in an open vessel to dryness. To mix the
essential oils with the dry extracts, I first reduce the dry extracts to powder
before mixing, (as also the compound of essential oils with sugar or gum, if
the oils be combined with those materials, and then intimately mix together
the oil and the extract; or, during the distillation of the essential oils, I
introduce into the receiver in which the essential oil is collected a quantity of
the dry extract (in powder) of the same substance as is under distillation, so
as to combine the dry extract with the essential oil during the formation of
the latter.
The second part of my Invention, viz., that for preserving the aroma of
certain vegetable substances, consists, firstly, in preserving the aroma of coffee
roasted; but not ground, and of tea, and and hops, and tobacco, and of the
essential oils of tea, coffee, chicory, and and hops, and tobaeee, when com-
bined with gum or sugar, or with the solid extracts of the substances from
which they were severally obtained, as herein-before described, by enclosing
them in envelopes composed of sheet gelatine, or of cloth, or paper, coated
on the interior, or exterior, or both, with gelatine, resin, wax, or a compound
of glue gelatine and treacle, and having the seams or edges luted or cemented

page_text: with gelatine, resin, wax, or a compound of glue gelatine and treacle, or
the envelopes may be formed of skin, parchment, vellum, or bladder, the folds
or seams being luted or cemented with gelatine, resin, wax, or a compound
of glue gelatine and treacle. Envelopes of sheet gealtine are suited princi-
pally to contain small quantities, not exceeding a few ounces, of tea, or the
essential oils combined with gum or sugar. Envelopes of paper, prepared
as before described, may be employed to contain quantities of any of the
substances to be preserved, not exceeding two or three pounds; but for larger
quantities I prefer envelopes composed of cloth, prepared as before described.
The mode in which I prepare the envelopes of gelatine is as follows:-I take
sheets of what is called French gelatine, which may be bought at wholesale
grocers and others, or of other gelatine. I keep a quantity of these sheets
of gelatine (cut to the different sizes required for different quantities of the
articles to be preserved,) in a damp cellar, that when used they may be easily
doubled without cracking. If for an ounce of the-article to be-preserved I take
a sheet (say of the size shewn at Fig. 1), and make it up on the wooden
block, Fig. 2, into a small square case, as shewn at Fig. 3, cementing
the laps by a little moisture applied to the seams; and in order to give a
better idea of how the envelope is doubled to make the case, I have shewn
at Fig. 4 a sheet creased in the way it would be if opened out again
after having been doubled to form the case. In forming the paper envelopes
I employ employ a mould as described for forming envelopes of gelatine,
and I secure the laps or seams in the same way; but for envelopes of
cloth, prepared as before described, I prefer forming them as bags without
5 employing a mould, sewing the seams together, and afterwards coating the
seams externally with gelatine or any of the cementing materials before
named.
Another mode of preserving the aroma of roasted chicory or roasted coffee
(which in this case may be ground or unground), or of the essential oils of tea,
coffee, chicory, or or hops or-tobacco when combined with sugar, or gum, or
with the solid extract of the material from which the essential oils were
severally obtained, consists in enclosing the said materials in sea or river shells
of the bivalve kind, and afterwards luting the edges with gelatine or any other
suitable cement, or placing a strip of india-rubber or other suitable material
between the edges of the sheels, and then securing them by tying them
together.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, and the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I proceed to state my claims in relation thereto.
I claim as regards the first head of my Invention, firstly, the preparation of

page_text: a valatile extract or essential oil from tea, coffee, chicory, hops, and and tobacco,
by distillation of the said substances in vacuo.
Secondly, the preparation of a solid extract of tea, coffee, chicory, hops, or
malt, or tobacco, by concentrating decoctions or fluid extracts of the substances,
and subsequently evaporating the same to dryness either in a vessel in which
a partial vacuum is maintained, or in a vessel open to the atmosphere.
Thirdly, the restoring the aroma to the dry extracts of tea, coffee, chicory,
the mixing-of the-said-essential oils with the said dry and and hops and tobacco
by mixing with the dry extract of either of these substances extreets-each-of
those kinds-as herein before described the essential oil of the same substance.
As regards the second head of my Invention, I claim, firstly, the preserving
the aroma of coffee roasted but not ground, or of tea, chicory, or hops, or
tobaeee, or of the essential oils of tea, coffee, chicory, or hops, or tobaeee, com-
bined with sugar, or gum, or with the solid extract of the kind of substance
from which the essential oils were severally obtained, by enclosing the article
which it is desired to preserve in envelopes of gelatine, or of paper or cloth
coated with gelatine, resin, wax, or a compound of glue gelatine and treacle,
as herein-before described.
Secondly, the preserving the aroma of roasted chicory eoffee or coffee, either
ground or unground, or tea, or of the essential oils of coffee, chicory, tea, or
hops, when combined with sugar, or gum, or with the solid extracts of the kind
of material from which the oils were severally obtained, by enveloping the
substances in sea or river shells, and securing the edges of the shells, as
herein-before described.
Inrolled the 24th day of August, in the year above written.
The Inrolment of the above Specification having been stolen from the
Office, the above copy was made from the draft of the Specification for the
purpose of inspection and examination only, but no office copy can be issued,
nor can the above transcript be used as evidence. The words scored under
are alterations made in the draft in pencil.
J GARBOTT