Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application 18th Aug., 1887
Complete Left, 18th May, 1888
Complete Accepted, 22nd June, 1888
We, JAMES EDWARD RANSOME, and FREDERICK WILLIAM GARRARD, both of the
Orwell Works, Ipswich, in the County of Suffolk, Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In the manufacture of the skifes of ploughs we bend a piece of flat bar iron or steel
so that the two ends are brought round nearly parallel with each other. These ends
are bolted to the beam of the plough and to the lower or curved part is bolted the
body of the plough to which is attached the share slade and mould board. In single
furrow ploughs we prefer to continue one end of the skife upwards to form one of the
handles of the plough so that the skife and handle are in one continuous piece. In
Turnwrest ploughs which have a skife and body above and below the beam to turn the
furrow.alternately to the right and left, we form the second skife by continuing the
bar of the first skife so as to form a similar skife on the other side, and weld the two
ends together so as to form a double skife, to either of the curved parts of which the
respective bodies are attached.
By this method of constructing skifes greater rigidity is secured than when two
separate bars are used which are not united at the lower ends. This method of
construction also makes it very easy to alter the body of the plough, as a separate body
of any required pattern can be attached direct to the curved part of the skife.
In Turnwrest ploughs having one body above and one body below the beam we
attach a socket to the lower end of the handles, this socket slips on to a long stud
running in the direction of and attached to the rear end of the beam. The handles
are free to turn on this stud so as to take the right position for whichever body of
the plough may be in work. We attach a disc rigidly to the rear end of the beam
and also a projecting piece on the socket on the handles and by means of a pin passing
through the projecting piece on the socket and the disc on the beam and a suitable
spring and lever in connection therewith we connect the handles rigidly with the
plough when required. When it is desired to turn the plough over the pin is with-
drawn the handles are turned part of a revolution and the pin enters a fresh hole in
he disc. The plough can then be turned on its side and by repeating the operation

page_text: We fit the skims on
in one or more holes the plough can be turned completely over.
a Turnwrest plough to either end of one single stalk which is attached to the beam
and we provide a vertical adjustment at either end of the stalk for the skims to set
them more or less into the ground thus obtaining a simpler and less cumbrous
attachment than when two separate stalks and fastenings are used.
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents for the Applicants.
We, JAMES EDWARD RANSOME, and FREDERICK WILLIAM GARRARD, both of the
Orwell Works, Ipswich, in the County of Suffolk, Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
In the manufacture of the skifes of ploughs we bend a piece of flat bar iron or
steel so that the two ends are brought round nearly parallel with each other.
These ends are bolted to the beam of the plough and to the lower or curved part
is bolted the body of the plough; (or more accurately a bottom piece which with
the share slade and mould board attached together form the body of the plough).
In single furrow ploughs we prefer to continue one end of the skife upwards to
form one of the handles of the plough so that the skife and handle are in one
continuous piece. In Turnwrest ploughs which have a skife and body above and
below the beam to turn the furrow alternately to the right and left, we form the
second skife by continuing the bar of the first skife so as to form a similar skife on
the other side, and weld the two ends together so as to form a double skife, to either
of the curved parts of which the respective bodies are attached.
By this method of constructing skifes greater rigidity is secured than when two
separate bars are used which are not united at the lower ends. This method of
construction also makes it very easy to alter the body of the plough, as a separate
body of any required pattern can be attached direct to the curved part of the
skife.
In Turnwrest ploughs having one body above and one body below the beam, we
attach a socket to the lower end of the handles, this socket slips on to a long stud
running in the direction of and attached to the rear end of the beam. The handles
are free to turn on this stud so as to take the right position for whichever body of
the plough may be in work. We attach a disc rigidly to the rear end of the beam

page_text: and also a projecting piece on the socket on the handles and by means of a pin
passing through the projecting piece on the socket and the disc on the beam and a
suitable spring and lever in connection therewith we connect the handles rigidly
with the plough when required. When it is desired to turn the plough over the
pin is withdrawn the handles are turned part of a revolution and the pin enters a fresh
hole in the disc. The plough can then be turned on its side and by repeating the
operation in one or more holes the plough can be turned completely over.
fit the skims on a Turnwrest plough to either end of one single stalk which is
attached to the beam and we provide a vertical adjustment at either end of the
stalk for the skims to set them more or less into the ground thus obtaining a
simpler and less cumbrous attachment than when two separate stalks and fastenings
are used.
We
In order that our said invention may be fully understood and readily carried into
effect we will proceed to describe the drawings hereunto annexed.
SKIIO.
Figure 2 is also a side elevation of a portion of a plough and shows the way in
which we in some cases make the skife in one piece with one of the handles of the
plough.
Figure 3 is a section on the line 1, 1, in Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a section on the line 2, 2, in Figure 1.
Figure 5 is an elevation of the bottom piece.
Figure 6 is a plan and Figure 7 is an elevation of a turnwrest sometimes called a
turn-over plough to which our improvements are applied.
Figure 8 is a section taken on the line 3, 3, in Figure 7.
Figure 9 is a section taken on the line 4, 4, in Figure 7.
Figures 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 are sections taken respectively on the lines 5,5;
6,6; 7, 7; 8,8; and 9, 9, in Figure 6.
The figures from 10 to 14 inclusive are drawn to a larger scale than the preceding
figures 1 to 9. Figures 8, 9, 11, 12 and 13 are looking to the front of the plough.
Figure 14 is looking rearwards towards the handles.
The same letters refer to the same parts in all the figures. In Figure 1 is shown a
separate bent skife A bolted at its upper extremities to the beam B.
To the lower or curved part of the skife is bolted the bottom C, which carries the
share D, slade E and mould board F. In most ploughs the plough share, breast and
slade fit direct on to the frame or skife-which has a suitable nose and bearings for
them to fit on to. In our construction the wrought skife being made of a piece of flat
iron or steel bent at the bottom it is necessary to attach to it a "bottom piece" with
the requisite nose and bearings to take the share, breast and slade, this "bottom piece"
is made of cast iron or steel or may be forged. Figure 2 shows the skife A
continued upwards at the rear end forming the skife and handle A' in one continuous
piece.
In Figure 6 only one of the bodies of the plough with its wheels &c. is
shown.
The double skife A is bolted midway to the beam B and the right and left hand
bottoms C and each with its mould-board, share and slade are bolted respectively
to the parts of the skife above and below the beam.
To the lower end of the handles G, Figures 6 and 7, is attached the socket H. This
socket slips on to a long stud I, Figure 10, formed on the disc J and with it is attached
rigidly to the rear end of the beam B.
The socket turns freely on the stud but is prevented from working off the stud by
the bolt K which passes through both the stud and the socket.
On the face of the disc are several holes for receiving the locking pin or bolt L, this

page_text: pin passes through holes in the projecting-pieces H¹ and H³ into one of the holes in
the disc thus rigidly connecting the handles with the plough in any desired position.
A spiral spring M is connected with the pin L and tends to force it into gear with the
disc J.
This pin Lis withdrawn from the disc by a handle N and lever N' as shown on the
drawings. Two studs or stops O which are fixed on the disc prevent the handles from
being turned round too far. For the purpose of turning the plough over and round, a
turntable wheel T is attached to the side of the beam and for the more convenient
turning over of the plough, two additional holes are made in the disc to enable the
handles to assume rigid positions between those in which they take when the plough
is at work. A cap P is attached to the socket to cover the spring and exclude dirt
from it and the holes.
The skims R, Figures 6 and 7, are fitted to either end of one single stalk S and
have long slot holes for the purpose of adjusting their working depth.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
.
1. The combination in a plough of the skife consisting of a piece of flat bar
iron or steel suitably bent or curved; the beam and the body both fixed to the
said skife substantially as described.
2. The combination in a plough of the skife consisting of a piece of flat bar iron
or steel bent and also forming one of the handles; the beam and the body both fixed
to the said skife substantially as described.
3. The combination in a turnwrest or turnover plough of the handles; the
socket H with projecting pieces H and H' on the handles; the beam; the stud I
and disc J on the beam; the bolt pin L passing through the projections H' and H³
and entering holes in the disc J and mechanism for operating the said bolt sub-
stantially as described.
4. The combination in a turnwrest or turnover plough of the beam B; the two
ended stalk S secured to the beam and the two skim bodies R R adjustably secured
to the said stalk substantially as described.
5. A turnover or turnwrest plough substantially as described and represented in
the annexed drawings.