A NEW METHOD OF MANUFACTURING CAST- STEEL RAZORS, EDGE TOOLS, SHEEP SHEARS, AND OTHER ARTICLES (REQUIRING A SUPERIOR CAST STEEL) DIRECT FROM THE STEEL OR METAL MADE BY THE BESSEMER OR MARTIN-SIEMENS' PROCESS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Johnson, of Furnival Street, in
Sheffield, in the County of York, Engineer and Steel Manu-
facturer, for the Invention of "A NEW METHOD OF MANUFACTURING CAST-
STEEL RAZORS, EDGE TOOLS, SHEEP SHEARS, AND OTHER ARTICLES (REQUIRING
A SUPERIOR CAST STEEL) DIRECT FROM THE STEEL OR METAL MADE BY THE
BESSEMER OR MARTIN-SIEMENS' PROCESS!"
caled the 1st December 1874, and dated the 16th June 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Johnson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 16th June 1874.
I, WILLIAM JOHNSON, of Furnival Street, in Sheffield, in the County
of York, Engineer and Steel Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "A NEW METHOD OF MANUFACTURING CAST-
STEEL RAZORS, EDGE TOOLS, SHEEP SHEARS, AND OTHER ARTICLES (REQUIRING ▲
SUPERIOR CAST STEEL) DIRECT FROM THE STEEL OR METAL MADE BY THE BESSEMER
OR MARTIN-SIEMENS' PROCESS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the shaping and
converting of razors, edge tools, and sheep shears, and is applicable not

page_text: only to those and to files, joiners' tools, hammers, drills, chisels, spades,
shovels, knives, spindles, saws, and table blades, but also to all articles
of manufacture requiring to be made of good cast steel, and not
necessarily homogeneous throughout.
The tools or other articles are shaped to their required form direct from
bars of Bessemer or Martin Siemens' metal or steel (Bessemer rail ends
being usually rolled for the purpose), and the articles are then converted
in the manner hereafter explained. I make a paste or admixture of the
following ingredients and proportions, that is to say, to 3% ounces of
powdered charcoal to which I add 4½½ ounces of gum sandrach I further
add 50 grains of powdered prussiate of potass and 45 grains of powdered
sal ammoniac, and mix all these materials well together, and this combi-
nation with the resinous quality of the sandrach, and with the heat of
the article inserted, as hereafter mentioned, forms a sort of paste, in
which the articles intended to be converted are dipped or inserted.
To convert any such article as above mentioned so made of the above
materials, or either of them, I heat the article to a white heat in any
ordinary tempering or other convenient furnace, and I then plunge the
article when at such heat into the paste and take it out slowly, and the
effect of this is an immediate conversion of the article into good cast
steel, and the article or any portion thereof, as the case may require, may
be then ground and polished in the ordinary way.
Instead of converting the whole of the tool or other article in every
case any portion of the same may be so operated upon without affecting
the rest of the article, and this is found a convenience in relation to
sheep shears and some other of the articles above specified.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM 3
JOHNSON, of Furnival Street, in Sheffield, in the County of York,
Engincer and Steel Manufacturer, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Johnson, Her special licence
that I, the said William Johnson, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I; the said William Johnson, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, -an Invention for "A NEW METHOD
OF MANUFACTURING CAST-STEEL RAZORS, EDGE TOOLS, SHEEP SHEARS, AND OTHER
ARTICLES (REQUIRING A SUPERIOR CAST STEEL) DIRECT FROM THE STEEL OR METAL
MADE BY THE BESSEMER OR MARTIN-SIEMENS' PROCESS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said William Johnson, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under. my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal. Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
༈༙
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Johnson, do hereby declare
the nature of said Invention, and in what manner the samo is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The said Invention has for its object improvements in the shaping
and converting of razors, edge tools, and sheep shears, and is applicable.
not only to those and to files, joiners' tools, hammers, drills, chisels,
spades, shovels, knives, spindles, saws, and table blades, but also to all
articles of manufacture requiring to be made of good cast steel, and not
necessarily homogeneous throughout.
The tools or other articles are shaped to their required form direct
from bars of "Bessemer" or "Martin-Siemens' " metal or steel (Bessemer
rail ends being usually rolled for the purpose), and the articles are then
converted in the manner hereafter explained. I make a paste or
admixture of the following ingredients and in the following proportions,

page_text: that is to say, to three and three-quarter ounces of powdered charcoal to
which I add four and a half ounces of gum sandrach I further add fifty
grains of powdered prussiate of potass, and forty-five grains of powdered
sal ammoniac, and mix all these materials well together, and this
combination with the resinous quality of the sandrach and with the heat
of the article inserted, as hereafter mentioned, forms a sort of paste, in
which the articles intended to be converted are dipped or inserted.
To convert any such article as above mentioned so made of the above
materials, or either of them, I heat the article to a white heat in any
ordinary tempering or other convenient furnace, and I then plunge the ]
article when at such heat into the paste and take it out slowly, and the
effect of this is an immediate conversion of the articles into good cast
steel, and the article or any portion thereof, as the case may require,
may be then ground and polished in the ordinary way.
Instead of converting the whole of the tool or other article in every 1
case any portion of the same may be so operated upon without affecting
the rest of the article, and this is found a convenience in relation to
sheep shears and some other of the articles above specified.
Having thus fully described the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner of performing the same, I wish it understood that I claim, the
manufacture of cast-steel razors, edge' tools, sheep shears, and other
articles (requiring a superior cast steel) direct from the steel or metal
made by the "Bessemer" or "Martin-Siemens' " process, as herein set
forth.