matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN FOUNTAINS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Donald Napier at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st February 1866.
I, WILLIAM DONALD NAPIER, M.R.C.S., of George Street, Hanover
Square, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FOUNTAINS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in fountains. For these
purposes a series of flexible elastic vessels, by preference of a spherical
form and made of vulcanized india-rubber, is used. These vessels are set
or fixed in a circle, and each of them has a suction tube with an inlet valve;
the suction tube is of short length as it is desirable that the vessels should
be thin, and yet that their elasticity should be such that they will when
not pressed on regain their expanded forms, filling themselves at the same
time through their suction pipes. Each vessel has also an outlet tube with
a valve; on an axis which is in the centre of the circle, around which the
flexible elastic vessels are arranged, is an eccentric (or it may be an arm
with a roller), which in its rotation presses on the vessels in succession. It
is preferred that the arrangement should be such that the eccentric should
at all times be pressing on two of the flexible and elastic vessels, in order
to obtain as nearly as may be a uniform stream from the fountain. The
outlet tubes are all connected to a common jet pipe of the fountain. The

page_text: valves employed to the suction and outlet pipes are by preference made of
oiled silk. The requisite rotatory motion is communicated to the pressing
instrument by clockwork actuated by a spring or by the falling of a weight,
or in any convenient manner. It is not necessary that the whole of each
elastic vessel should be flexible and elastic, but it is preferred to be so.
AN IMPROVED ROTARY STEAM ENGINE
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Deymann at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
February 1866.
I, HENRY DEYMANN, of Gilly, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Tradesman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
ROTARY STEAM ENGINE," to be as follows, that is to say :-
The Invention consists in an improved construction of rotary steam engine.
This improved engine is constructed of, firstly, a fixed circular cylinder ;
secondly, a piston moving in the cylinder and attached to a wheel;
thirdly, the wheel, which consists of an ordinary three-spoked wheel, one of
which spokes serves as a pipe for the introduction of steam into the
cylinder, the axle of this wheel forms the driving shaft of the engine;
fourthly, a sliding bar which forms the bottom of the cylinder; fifthly,
a pipe for the introduction of the steam fixed by three arms to the cylinder ;
sixthly, a pipe for the discharge of the steam placed on top of the
cylinder.
The action of the machine is as follows:-The steam entering through
the tube is introduced into the cylinder through one of the three spokes
of the wheel, the steam having entered the cylinder between the sliding
bar and the piston forces the latter to make a rotary movement, and

page_text: escapes through the waste pipe. When the greatest pressure has passed
off by the escape of a great part of the steam the piston raises the slide
bar, which falls back as soon as the piston has passed, and while the
piston and the slide bar make this movement the opening of the supply
pipe is hermetically closed by a part of the pipe attached to the supply
pipe, The rotary movement of the piston sets in motion at once the
wheel and the driving shaft.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING PRINTING SURFACES AND CARVINGS FROM MOULDS OBTAINED BY THE AID OF PHOTOGRAPHY
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Howe Ashton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
December 1866.
I, ROBERT HOWE ASHTON, of Ashton-on-Mersey, in the County of Chester,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING PRINTING SURFACES AND CARVINGS FROM MOULDS
OBTAINED BY THE AID OF PHOTOGRAPHY," to be as follows:-
According to my Invention I use moulds, the different depths of which
correspond to the lights and shades of a photograph, such moulds being well
known and in use for purposes apart from my Invention. From these moulds
I obtain printing surfaces by passing the tracer of a pentagraph of that
construction known as Jordan's or other similar ruling machine over them,
and which tracer being acted upon by the different degrees of depression alters
the direction in which the etching point moves. Beneath this etching point
is placed a sheet of copper, steel, or other metal coated with a protecting
medium, wax, for instance, after the usual manner adopted by engravers, and
the design which is cut through the said coating may therefore be etched, as
is well understood.
In producing carvings I employ moulds as above described, but cause the
tracer to regulate the depth to which a rotatory or other cutting tool acts
upon the material to be carved; these carvings may be ornamental in
themselves, cameos, for instance, or may afford dies for embossing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REFLECTORS AND VENTILATORS IN CONNECTION WITH GAS AND OTHER LIGHTS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Watson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd November
1866.
I, GEORGE WATSON, of the Firm of Watson and Stewart, of Brisbane, in
the Colony of Queensland, and of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Plumber and Gasfitter, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REFLECTORS AND VENTILATORS IN CONNECTION
WITH GAS AND OTHER LIGHTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its objects the saving of gas or other illuminating
agent, and the availing of the heat of the lights for ventilating in an efficient
manner, and the improved arrangements are suitable for shops, halls, and
situations of various kinds.
In one simple modification embodying the improvements there is a pendent
gas pipe with a horizontal bottom pipe having a number of burners in it. At
a little distance above the burners there is an oblong rectangular reflector
framing carried by the gas pipe, or by independent chains from the roof, or a
bracket overhead. The sides of the reflector framing are inclined so that
the bottom is the wider part, and the inner surfaces are formed for reflecting,
and throw downwards and laterally, the light reaching them from the burners.
The reflecting surfaces may be formed in various ways; as, for example, of
bright tin plate, either plain or indented, and by preference protected by glass,

page_text: or of silvered plain glass, or of silvered or unsilvered prismatic glass, or of
platinised porcelain. The glass or part of it may in some cases be colored.
There is a comparatively narrow opening centrally in the top of the reflector
frame, and at a little distance above this there is a concave cover, serving to
collect the heated gases and air drawn in by them, and lead them to a pipe
communicating with the middle of the cover, and continued in any convenient
direction to the outside of the building.
In other modifications the burners are arranged in crosses, circles, or other
forms, or in two or more rows, and the reflector frame and ventilating cover
are correspondingly modified.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Hedler at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th April 1866.
I, CHARLES HEDLER, of Frankfort-on-the-Maine, at present residing at
Gloucester Terrace, Hyde Park, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION
OF PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the production of photo-
graphic pictures, the object being to produce around the picture a narrow
white border enclosed within a wide black or darkened border, covering the
remaining surface of the paper; the effect of these borders being to improve
the general appearance of the picture, and causing it to appear slightly standing
out from the paper. I prepare the paper in the ordinary manner, but before
subjecting it to the action of light in the apparatus I cover the border of the
paper, leaving only sufficient surface exposed for the production of the vignette
or picture, whether of an oval border or any other outline. This is done by
placing a sheet of black paper or other covering on the prepared paper, such
sheet being cut out in the centre to the size and form of the picture required.
I thus produce the picture leaving the rest of the paper perfectly whito; I
then place a narrow border of flat metal or other material around the vignette
and cover the vignette or picture itself also with a metallic plate or other
covering, the border and plate may be held in position by a series of vertical
pins, which may be subjected to pressure in the apparatus and so held in
position; then by a further exposure the whole external border of the paper

page_text: beyond the picture will become darkened, and even rendered black; and
between or within this dark margin and the vignette or picture a narrow
white border will result from the covering by the narrow border preventing
the exposure of that portion of the paper. In lieu of the covering of the size
of the picture and the narrow border being in two parts, they may be in one
sheet or plate, but it is easier to place the two parts in accurate position. The
picture is afterwards to be fixed and treated by any of the well-known methods
to ensure its permanency.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR PURIFYING ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE OILS, AND ALL OTHER KINDS OF OILS EXCEPT MINERAL OILS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Auguste Jaumenne at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th April
1866.
I, AUGUSTE JAUMENNE, of Sherwood Street, Regent Street, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED PROCESS FOR PURIFYING ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE OILS, AND ALL OTHER
KINDS OF OILS EXCEPT MINERAL OILS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the purification of animal and vegetable oils, and
consists of the following improved process for effecting that object. I place
the raw or crude oil which it is desired to purify in a suitable vessel and mix
therewith from ten to thirty per cent. of a solution of caustic potash of about
thirty degrees of strength, the whole to be well stirred for about ten
minutes, and left to settle for about twenty-four hours, by which time the
heavier portions or impurities contained in the crude oil will be precipitated,
and the clear or purified oil remain at the top. I proceed to filter this, and
it is then ready for use, the residue may be advantageously used to manufacture
into soap. By this improved process of purifying crude animal and vegetable
oils very little manual labour is required, and there is comparatively little or
no waste, the residues being available for manufacturing into soap as above
stated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES FOR ENGINES WORKED BY STEAM OR OTHER FLUID
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bracewell, William Pickup,
and Benjamin Lund at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 7th November 1866.
We, WILLIAM BRACEWELL, Engineer, WILLIAM PICKUP, Engineer, and
BENJAMIN LUND, Engineer, all of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES
FOR ENGINES WORKED BY STEAM OR OTHER FLUID," to be as follows:-
In performing our Invention we make use of a hollow valve of a cylindrical
or slightly conical form working in a suitable case or seating, in the sides of
the valve are holes exactly opposite to each other, and of equal areas;
steam is admitted at both ends of the valve, and enters the cylinder when
required through similar holes made in the sides of the valve seating or case
which are also exactly opposite each other and of equal areas. By this
means the valve is caused to work in equilibrium whatever be the pressure
of steam in the steam chest or force of vacuum in the cylinder; we also
use another similar valve for the exhaust, and by the combination of the two
valves, and by suitable arrangements, we are able to regulate the supply of steam
and the cut off at any portion of the stroke required, whilst the engine is in
motion, an index and finger in connection with the valve is affixed to the
outside of the steam chest to indicate the working of the valve. .
FACILITATING THE TIPPING OF COAL OR OTHER MATERIAL FROM RAILWAY WAGONS, AND FOR THE PREVENTION OF BREAKAGE OF COAL IN TIPPING, ALSO WASTE OF COAL WHILE TIPPING
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Nethersole at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th July 1866.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NETHERSOLE, of 60, Adam Street, Cardiff, in the
County of Glamorganshire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "FACILITATING THE TIPPING OF COAL OR OTHER MATERIAL FROM RAILWAY
WAGONS, AND FOR THE PREVENTION OF BREAKAGE OF COAL IN TIPPING, ALSO
WASTE OF COAL WHILE TIPPING," to be as follows:-
I place a shoot (of wrought iron or other suitable material) on to the tip
end of the railway wagon or truck, said shoot having sides and working on a
moveable pivot. When tipping this shoot is lowered on to the buffers and
not only facilitates the tipping but prevents breakage by doing away with the
sudden fall of whatever material is being tipped and concussion against
the buffers and draw gear, it also prevents waste by forming a guide for the
delivery.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ELASTIC REEDS AND COMBS FOR WEAVING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Pass at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd February
1866.
I, JAMES PASS, of the Firm of Messieurs Gatenby and Pass, of the City
of Manchester, Reed, Reed Wire, and Crinoline Steel Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF ELASTIC REEDS AND COMBS FOR WEAVING AND OTHER PURPOSES,"
to be as follows:-
My improvements in the manufacture of elastic reeds consists in filling
the interior of the usual hollow ribs now employed for holding the dents or
hollow ribs made of lead or other soft metal, or of gutta percha or other
yielding substance, with vulcanized india-rubber or other suitable elastic
substance instead of cement or other material as now customary, by which
means the desired elasticity is given to the dents. In performing my In-
vention the two hollow ribs at each side of the reed, with the elastic lining,
are secured together, and the dents are held at the requisite distance apart
by a binding wire or thread of cotton or other fibrous substance, or of india-
rubber or or other elastic material, coiled around the hollow ribs, as in
reeds of the usual construction.
My improvement in the manufacture of elastic combs for dressing
machines and other purposes, consists in the application of the hard com-
pound of india-rubber, commonly called vulcanite, in lieu of wire for the
dents of such combs.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF WELDING IRON UPON IRON, STEEL UPON STEEL, AND IRON UPON STEEL
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bernard Lietar at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th September
1866.
I, BERNARD LIETAR, of No. 4, Rue du Houblon, Brussels, in the Kingdom
of Belgium, and The Royal Hotel, Blackfriars, in the City of London,
Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF WELDING IRON UPON IRON, STEEL UPON STEEL, AND IRON
UPON STEEL," to be as follows:-
One kilo filings of iron or steel; 100 grammes salt of ammoniac; 60
grammes of borax; 50 grammes of balsam of copayva or copæiba; calcine,
the whole and reduce to fine powder. For an ordinary solder one of the
pieces of iron or steel is heated to a red heat, and after the part to be
soldered has been carefully cleaned with a file or wire brush, the above
composition is spread upon it, and the second piece at a white heat is
immediately placed upon it and welded together.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING HIDES AND SKINS FOR TANNING
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Clemente de Caesaris at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th May
1866.
I, CLEMENTE DE CAESARIS, of the Grange, Bermondsey, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PREPARING HIDES AND SKINS FOR TANNING," to be as follows:-
After the hair is removed from the hides or skins by any of the known
means I then proceed to wash them so as to remove all traces of lime, and
then immerse the hides in a vessel containing from fifteen to twenty gallons,
more or less, of water according the quantity of hides, and mix with the water
from one half to three quarters of a pound of either sulphate, muriate, or
acetate of ammonia or other ingredients possessing similar chemical properties
thereto, and leave the hides therein for the space of from six to twenty-four
hours, or until the hides are perfectly saturated. I then subject them to the
usual well-known process of tanning.
AN IMPROVED CARRIAGE FOR RAILWAYS AND OVERHEAD RAILWAYS, BY THE USE OF WHICH TURNTABLES ARE DISPENSED WITH
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Rudolph Wappenstein at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd August
1866.
I, RUDOLPH WAPPENSTEIN, of Albert Street, Kennington Road, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED CARRIAGE FOR RAILWAYS AND OVERHEAD RAILWAYS, BY THE USE OF WHICH
TURNTABLES ARE DISPENSED WITH," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is that goods on railways, overhead railways
in warehouses, or goods loading and unloading to or from vessels can be
brought in all directions of lines and to any place intended without
the use of a turntable, also from the mouth of a mine without employing
tramways.
My improved carriage is constructed as follows:-I employ two or more
plates of suitable size and material, forming an upper and lower plate, and
secured together in any suitable manner. In the lower plate I make a
number of holes or perforations in which I place balls of iron or other suitable
material, which balls are kept in position when travelling on the rails by the
upper plate. From the centre of the carriage on the under side I fix a hollow
frame of metal so constructed and arranged as to fill up the space between the
rails, and in this hollow frame are a number of balls or wheels which revolve
against the sides of the rails and act as guides and prevent the carriage
leaving the rails, and also have the effect of diminishing friction thereon.
When the carriage is loaded it is pushed or drawn along the rails, and the

page_text: balls on which the carriage with its load rests travel along the rails and
readily adapt themselves to any angle or curve over which they may be
required to pass. When the carriage is used for overhead railways I can
dispense with the hollow guiding frame and balls, and in place of it I
fix a pulley to the centre of the under plate, so that goods can be transferred
from a crane, and by means of ropes or chains be attached to the said pulley,
and the carraige then traversed along the rails to the part required.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS' ANCHORS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Julius Frank Caulkins and William
John Armstrong at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 10th November 1866.
We, JULIUS FRANK CAULKINS, Master Mariner, and WILLIAM JOHN
ARMSTRONG, Master Mariner, both of Brooklyn, in the State of New York,
one of the United States of America, but at present residing at Liverpool,
in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS' ANCHORS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists in connecting the flukes and shank of an anchor to
each other in such manner that the flukes will be free to move on the shank
and have at least three bearings or supports thereon when the anchor is in
holding position under strain. Near the outer end of the shank on the vertical
sides, that is, vertical when the anchor is in holding position, four shoulders
are formed, on each side two at short distances from each other; these
shoulders may either be raised pieces on the shank, or the shank may be made
thinner in the length between them. The flukes are formed or constructed
so as to have an elongated opening in their length from the concave to the
convex surfaces, and they are shipped or connected on to the shank between
the shoulders, the distance of which from the inner to the outer ones determines

page_text: the distance the flukes can move. The flukes may either work loosely on the
shank or on a pin passing through the flukes and shank. In holding position
the concave and convex surfaces of the flukes bear respectively on inner and
outer shoulders, and that end of the flukes uppermost for the time being rests
against the then upper side of the shank. When the through pin is used a
portion of the strain might be borne by it, thus providing a fourth bearing or
support for the flukes.
A convenient mode of manufacturing anchors according to our Invention
is to make the flukes in two pieces, and when they have been shipped on to
the shank to bolt or otherwise secure them together, care being taken that
the elongated opening is sufficiently large to allow free movement of the
flukes on the shank.
Another mode is to make the flukes in one piece, to ship them on to the
shank before the outer shoulders have been formed, and then to form or secure
the outer shoulders on or to the shank.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF THE FASTENINGS OF LEGGINGS, GAITERS, ANTIGROPELOS, AND SUCH LIKE ARTICLES OF DRESS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Myerns at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th July
1866.
I, ALFRED MYERNS, of Union Street, Whitechapel, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF THE FASTENINGS OF LEGGINGS,
GAITERS, ANTIGROPELOS, AND SUCH LIKE ARTICLES OF DRESS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel and improved method of fastening leggings
and such like articles of dress to the legs of the wearer, which I propose to
effect in the following manner, and by the following means, that is to say, to
each edge of the article I affix a flat strip of metal of nearly the entire length
of the article in one of the aforesaid strips of metal, and equidistant from
each other I form two elongated slots or openings and one round hole which
are concealed by the material at the outside of the article, but are exposed at
the inside thereof, and to the other strip of metal I fix three studs projecting
outwards, the two lower studs are formed with necks and the uppermost stud
is a pin with a notch formed therein; these studs are intended to take and
lock into the holes in the other aforesaid strip of metal, and operate as follows:-
In adjusting the legging the two lower studs are inserted in the corresponding
holes, and these studs pulled up, the top stud or pin is then pushed into its

page_text: respective hole and becomes locked therein by a spring plate placed in the
said hole. To unfasten and detach the legging, the wearer has simply to exert
pressure against the edge of the metal at the uppermost hole aforesaid, by
which the spring plate will be forced back and must be thus held whilst with
the other hand the wearer withdraws the pin from its hole, after which the
other studs have to be forced downwards, and the legging will be detached.
IMPROVED METHODS OF RENDERING THE SOLES OR BOTTOMS AND HEELS OF BOOTS AND SHOES MORE DURABLE
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Wadsworth at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th May
1866.
I, JAMES WADSWORTH, of Heaton Norris, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of tho said Invention for "IMPROVED METHODS OF
RENDERING THE SOLES OR BOTTOMS AND HEELS OF BOOTS AND SHOES MORE DURABLE,'
to be as follows:-
To any part of the sole or heel of the boot or shoe which is likely to wear
away the quickest I fix a number of metal plates by means of one or moro
nails or pins having conical beads, the said plates having conical holes with
projections or burrs in contact with the leather, which burrs or projections will
enable the plates to be retained on the leather until the plates are worn away,
and when desired the plates can be corrugated on one or both sides, and the
said plates are placed on the soles at any suitable distance from each other to
allow the sole to yield to the spring of the foot. For the heels of boots and
shoes I employ cast or stamped metal shells, each having a circular recess into
which is fixed by means of gutta percha, elastic, glue, or other cement a
circular piece of leather, india-rubber, or other material, so that when ono
part is worn away it can be turned to another position when the cement is
softened by heat. The circular piece of leather or other material may bo
strengthened by nails or plates provious to its introduction into the shell,

page_text: or it may be enclosed in a metallic ring which is entered into the shell and
held fast by cement. When desired I make the shells the shape of the
ordinary heels and insert in them leather, india-rubber, or other material
fastened by means of cement.
In another arrangement of my improved heels for boots and shoes I fix to
the boot or shoe a shell of a circular shape or of the shape of the ordinary heel,
and place in the shell a block or ring of india-rubber having a hole in the
centre, and into this hole I insert a boss or ring having at the bottom a plate,
which plate covers the bottom of the india-rubber and forms the bottom or
wearing part of the heel. The block or ring of india-rubber is held fast in
the shell by cement or by its own elasticity, and the plate is also held fast
either by cement or by the elasticity of the india-rubber encircling the boss.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY POR PLANTING POTATOES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Loomes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st March
1866.
I, EDWARD LOOMES, of 18, Russell Grove, Vassall Road, North Brixton,
in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY POR PLANTING POTATOES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for planting
potatoes. For this purpose I employ a carriage mounted on wheels and
carrying a hopper, in which the seed potatoes are placed. At the bottom
of the hopper is a ledge on which the potatoes rest, and from which they
are taken as required by forks mounted on an axis immediately behind the
hopper. The forks are raised in succession by tappets on a tappet shaft,
which is driven by a pitch chain from the carrying wheels or in other
convenient manner. Each fork as it falls back pierces and takes upon its
prongs one of the potatoes resting on the ledge and at the bottom of the
hopper, and next time the fork is raised this potatoe is lifted by it until
when the fork comes near the upper end of its stroke the potatoe comes
against a stop, which pushes it off the prongs, and it falls down through a
guide hopper, which leads it into a compartment formed in the periphery
of a drum. This drum is connected with the carriage, and rolls on the
land; it has four or other convenient number of compartments in it, and
each compartment as it comes to the top of the drum has a potatoe fed into

page_text: it in the manner already described, and then as the drum moves on each
compartment as it comes to the bottom allows the potatoe to drop out on
to the land, thus the potatoes are deposited on the land at very regular
intervals.
Selecting forks as above described may be applied in combination with
other instruments for dropping the potatoes on to the land. The land
should be prepared to receive the potatoes by ploughing it into furrows,
and after the potatoes are deposited a plough is employed to cover them
over; these ploughs, or either of them, may, if desired, be coupled with
the planting machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS POR GRINDING, CRUSHING, SPLITTING, AND HULLING OR SHELLING GRAIN AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Patterson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition on the 12th October
1866.
I, JOHN PATTERSON, of Beverley, in the County of York, Engineer, do
hereby declare. the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS
POR GRINDING, CRUSHING, SPLITTING, AND HULLING OR SHELLING GRAIN AND OTHER
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
mills for grinding, crushing, splitting, and hulling or shelling grain and other
substances, and consists in the combination of a revolving ring or hoop and a
revolving drum or roller arranged to work together in such a manner as to
effect the above-named objects in a superior manner. The ring or hoop, the
inside of which constitutes one of the grinding surfaces, may consist of a short
cylinder of iron or other suitable material fixed to the end of a shaft or
spindle, or placed with its outside diameter upon two or more antifriction
rollers which support its weight and pressure and revolve in contact with it.
The drum or roller, the outside or periphery of which forms the other grinding
surface, is fixed upon a shaft or spindle, and being of considerably less, diameter
than the ring or hoop is placed so that it may revolve inside the latter, the
distance between the grinding surfaces being regulated as may be required for

page_text: the different operations of grinding, crushing, splitting, hulling, or shelling.
The grain or other material to be operated upon is conducted from a hopper
by a spout into the angular space between the grinding surfaces on the upper
side, and the crushed or ground stuff is discharged from the lower part of the
inside of the ring or hoop by a brush or scraper. Either one or both of the
grinders may be driven by belts and pulleys, or otherwise as may be convenient,
but it will generally be sufficient to drive one of them only, as the other
will revolve along with it through the contact-produced between the grinding
surfaces by the material being operated upon. The chief object gained by
the arrangement herein-before referred to is the obtaining of a much more
acute angle between the grinding surfaces than can be obtained between the
surfaces of an ordinary pair of rollers of much larger diameter, and con-
sequently a greater grinding effect is produced on the substance passing
through, as well as the advantage gained by one surface driving the other
by mere frictional contact. For crushing purposes only the axes of the ring
or hoop and of the drum or.roller will both lie horizontal and parallel to each
other, but when the arrangement is applied to compound action mills for
grinding, as well as crushing, the axis of one grinder will be placed at an angle
of about eighteen or twenty degrees to that of the other, in order to obtain a
combined wrenching and crushing action.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CLOSING. HATCHWAY SKYLIGHTS OF SHIPS AND VESSELS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robinson Mulley. at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd March 1866.
I, WILLIAM ROBINSON MULLEY, Surveyor to Lloyd's Register of Shipping,
Plymouth, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CLOSING. HATCHWAY SKYLIGHTS OF SHIPS AND VESSELS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements "in closing hatchway sky-
lights of ships and vessels." Hatchway skylights are commonly applied over
engine-room and other hatchways; they are constructed in the usual manner
with framed glazed sashes, which are hinged at top, and assume an inclined
position when shut.
My Invention consists in a mode of constructing and applying sliding.
shutters to such skylights. Along the top of central part of the engine-room
or other hatchway of a ship or vessel is fixed a bar of I angle iron,, which is
fixed to the deck at its ends by uprights or knees of iron, and from this ridge
bar parallel bars of like I angle iron descend or incline towards the deck.
These bars are connected at their upper ends to the ridge bar and are framed
together by flat iron bars, by which a strong iron frame is formed. The
inclined bars of I angle iron are so placed as to admit of the sashes opening
between them. Shutters are arranged to slide between the inclined bars

page_text: i
of I angle iron, and when the shutters are closed they are secured by bolts,
which pass into them through the lower flat bars of iron, which connect or
frame together the inclined bars of I angle iron at their lower ends. On
each side of the hatchway is formed a bench, in which the folding shutters are
packed away in fine weather.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING TEXTILE FABRICS OR YARNS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Augustus Grote at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th November
1866.
I, AUGUSTUS GROTE, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PRINTING TEXTILE FABRICS OR YARNS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the application of the aniline green to cotton,
woollen, and other or mixed fabrics and yarns by printing. Hitherto it has
been found impossible to fix the aniline green by printing on account of its
being destroyed during the steaming process. The green mixed with a certain
amount of sulphurous acid forms a compound which resists the destructive
action of the steam, therefore if such a compound be printed upon any textile
material, together with any of the substances used for fixing aniline colors,
and then steamed, it will be found that the green has not been deteriorated.
It is of importance to get a concentrated solution of the green, which is not
possible by means of alcohol alone. On the other hand a large quantity of
alcohol would not mix in a satisfactory manner with the fixing and thickening
matters, such as albumen, gum, and the like. I get a most concentrated
solution of the green by mixing it with a small quantity of alcohol and passing
sulphurous acid gas through the mixture. Sixteen ounces green, by weight,
in paste, and ten ounces alcohol, by weight, are mixed and completely
saturated with sulphurous acid gas. The following proportions give a good
shade, using albumen as the fixing agent:-One part of the above solution

page_text: thickened with three parts of albumen water (or more according to the shade
required), half a part of bisulphite of soda; this mixture is then printed in
the ordinary way. If, after steaming, the color does not appear green,
the cloth must be passed in most diluted acetic acid (say, one part of acid to
two hundred parts of water), and then dryed or steamed for a few minutes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SHEATHING OF IRON SHIPS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clowes Bayley and Daniel
Campbell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 27th September 1866.
We, JOHN CLOWES BAYLEY and DANIEL CAMPBELL, both of 5, Robert Street,
Adelphi, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SHEATHING OF IRON SHIPS," to be as
follows:-
The object of our Invention is to overcome the great difficulty which has
been experienced in sheathing iron ships with zinc or other metals.
In some instances holes are drilled at intervals over the surface of the
plates, which holes are filled with wood or other non-conducting substance to
which the sheathing is attached by means of nails. In other cases strips of
wood are inserted between the joints of the plates to which the sheathing is
attached with nails or screws. Our Invention consists of having the sheets of
zinc or other metals sufficiently large to admit of being folded over the edges
of the iron plates corresponding therewith.
In constructing the ship space should be left between the plates at the butt
joints (it being understood that all that portion of the hull which requires
sheathing is built upon the butt-joint principle) rather more than sufficient to
allow of the said turned-over edges of the sheathing being inserted, and when
thus placed the space between is filled up with oakum, lead, or other suitable
material which will admit of being caulked hard, and thus not only bind the
sheathing to the ship, but in the case of zinc sheathing being used press it

page_text: bard to the edges of the plates, thus bringing them into perfect galvanic
contact. The surfaces thus brought into contact being sufficient to keep up
galvanic action, marine glue or other adhesive substances may be used over
the other portions of the zinc plates to bind the same to the iron. If instead
of zinc, copper, or any other metal negative to iron be used, we propose to
insert a felt or other non-conducting substance between the edges and surface
of the iron plates and the sheathing, thus preventing decomposition of the iron
by galvanic action.
By our Invention we secure the following advantages:-1st., perfect
adhesion over the entire surface of the ship's bottom; 2nd, in the case of
sheathing with a metal electrically positive to iron we secure sufficient
galvanic contact at the edges without rendering it necessary to bring the plates
into immediate connection elsewhere; 3rd, if the sheathing metal be negative
to iron we can secure perfect insulation, thus preventing the decomposition of
the iron by galvanic action; 4th, we secure a perfectly flush joint and a
smooth surface over the entire ship's bottom; 5th, nails can altogether be
dispensed with, and the necessity for the overlapping of the sheathing which
has been found so objectionable completely obviated.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILWAY WHEELS, AND IN APPARATUS. FOR THE. SAME, WHICH APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILWAY BUFFERS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Michaud at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents,, with his .Petition, on the 17th March.
1866.
I, PIERRE MICHAUD, of Nelson Square, Blackfriars, in the County of Surrey.r
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILWAY WHEELS, AND IN APPARATUS. FOR THE.
SAME, WHICH APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILWAY
BUFFERS," to be as follows:-
My improvements relate first, to the manufacture of railway wheels, and
consist in the peculiar manner of combining the parts of a wheel, and welding
them together in a solid piece. I form a tyre of T-iron, that is to say, with
an internal flange. I also form the boss with a flange on the exterior of
considerable breadth, and at about mid length. I then cut off spokes of suit-
able length, and split or otherwise bifurcate the ends, so that they may
be disposed radially in position in the wheel with the ends embracing the-
flanges before mentioned, the outer ends embracing the tyre flange, while the
inner ends embrace the flange on the boss. The wheel so formed' is then
heated, and subjected to the operation of the machine herein-after described,
when the whole is welded in one piece, or it may be welded by hand. This
machine consists of a kind of tilt or hammer having a movable anvil,.on.
which the wheel is laid; this anvil is recessed in the face to suit the form of
the wheel the one-half of whose substance is received therein. The face of.
the hammer is also recessed in like manner, but not so as to operate on.the.
whole size of the wheel, but merely extending over the boss and flange, and

page_text: a small extent of the spokes, except at one part, where it must embrace the
full length of the spoke, and an extent of the tyre equal to rather more than
the distance between the spokes at that point. The anvil is mounted on a
vertical axis and is free to rotate. The axis lifting the tilt is provided with
two cams, the one for lifting the hammer, and the other for rotating the
anvil. The one cam acts much in the ordinary way of lifting a tilt hammer;
the other operates on angular teeth formed helically on the circumference of
the anvil, or it may be on a corresponding surface formed or fixed on its axis.
Instead of the hammer operating by gravitation only its motion may be
expedited and augmented by a spring; at each blow of the hammer the anvil
rotates the extent of a spoke, so that all the spokes are subjected in turn to
its action. The hammer face may embrace two or more entire spokes if
desired.
This apparatus is also applicable for the manufacture of railway buffers,
that is to say, when such consist of. iron discs forged on the ends of rods;
these discs and rods being turned round by the anvil while being welded and
forged in order to operate thereon in manner similar to that described with
reference to wheels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO MARINE STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Tomlinson Bousfield at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th September 1866.-A communication from abroad by Jean Baptiste
Thierry, junior, residing at Faubourg St. Martin, Paris.
I, GEORGE TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Loughborough Park, Brixton, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO MARINE STEAM BOILERS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus applicable to
marine steam boilers. In order to urge the fire in steam boilers jets of
superheated steam are thrown upon it by means of an apparatus or blower
such as is shown in the annexed Drawings. The apparatus or blower is fixed
immediately over the fire-door of the furnace. A is the inlet pipe, and B the
outlet pipe; C is the box or body of the apparatus which is of malleable cast
iron; D, the front plate or cover of the box or body, also of malleable cast iron;
E, nozzles screwed into the plate D; F, are screw plugs which close holes at
the back of the box or body. The apparatus is supplied with superbeated
steam by the pipe A; this steam in the box or body C becomes further heated,
the said box or body exposing a large surface to the action of the fire, and

page_text: the steam then issues by the nozzles E on to the fire. By removing the plugs
F the nozzles may be readily cleaned, should they become choked with sea salt.
The steam before it arrives at the blowing apparatus is superheated by a heating
apparatus in the up-take of the boiler, from whence pipes also exposed to the
beat of the furnace lead the steam to the inlet pipes A of the blowers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING ANIMAL CHARCOAL
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Gordon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th April 1866.
I, GEORGE GORDON, of San Francisco, California, at present residing at
Morley's Hotel, Charing Cross, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING ANIMAL
CHARCOAL," to be as follows:-
This Invention is applicable principally to the treatment (with dilute
hydrochloric acid) of animal charcoal that has been used in the filtration or
purification of sugar, with a view to the neutralization and removal therefrom
of the lime or other alkaline matters which it may contain; and the object of
the Invention is to cause a quicker and more perfect saturation of the charcoal
with the acid, and at the same time to allow of the use of a more attenuated
dilution than that hitherto employed for such purpose, so as to convert the
lime or other alkaline matter into soluble salts without any deleterious effect
upon the phosphate contained in the animal charcoal. Animal charcoal that
has been used in the manufacture of sugar is always found to have its particles
more or less coated with a mucilagenous substance, which in a measure
prevents the action of the dilute acid upon the lime or other alkaline matter
which it contains, and hence the perfect saturation of the charcoal and the
entire removal of the lime or other alkali without destroying the phosphate of
lime contained in the charcoal becomes difficult.

page_text: My Invention consists in placing the charcoal to be treated in a close vessel
and creating a vacuum therein by means of an air pump or otherwise, and
then admitting the dilute acid to the charcoal in the vessel whilst the air is
exhausted. It will be evident that owing to the extraction or exhaustion of
the air from between the particles of charcoal the saturation will be much
quicker, and it will also be found that the exhaustion of the air from the
interior of each particle will cause the coating of mucilagenous substance
above mentioned to become porous and admit the dilute acid to act upon the
interior of the particles, and hence the saturation will be more perfect, at the
same time that a more attenuated dilution of the acid than that hitherto
employed will produce the desired effect. It will also be obvious that this
Invention is equally applicable for the neutralization of acidulated charcoal by
the admission thereto of and saturation with an alkaline solution.