A CERTAIN IMPROVEMENT IN SIZING COTTON YARN
Year: 1805

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PETER
MARSLAND, of Heaton Norris, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Nineteenth day of
July, in the forty-fifth year of His reign, give and grant unto me, the said
Peter Marsland, my exors, admors, and assigns, His especial licence, full
power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Peter Marsland, 'my
exors, admors, and assigns, and every of them, by myself and themselves, or
by my and their deputy or deputies, servants or agents, or such others as I,
the said Peter, Marsland, my exors, adiñors, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within that part of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland called England, the Dominion of Wales, and Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention or Discovery of "A CERTAIN IMPROVEMENT
IN SIZING COTTON YARN;" in which Letters Patent there is contained a proviso
obliging me, the said Peter Marsland, particularly to describe and ascertain
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and to cause
the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within one

page_text: calendar month next after the date of the said Letters Patent, as in and by
the same Letters Patent, relation being thereunto had, may more fully and at
large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in pursuance of, and in compliance with, the said
recited proviso, I, the said Peter Marsland, do hereby declare that the nature
of my said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed,
is as follows:-
THE NATURE OF THE INVENTION.
My Invention consists in the extraction of the air from a vessel containing
the cotton yarn which is to be sized, or the principal part of such air, and
consequently from the cotton yarn itself, and applying the size to the cotton
yarn while the air is so extracted; the more completely the air is extracted
the more perfect the operation will be. The manner in which the same is to
be performed:-The cotton yarn which is to be sized must be put into a vessel
called a receiver, and which must be made perfectly air-tight by fastening down
the lid or other cover to the aperture through which the yarn is put into such
receiver. Then, by means of a common air-pump connected with the receiver,
or by any other means by which a vacuum may be produced in the receiver,
the air must be extracted from the receiver and from the yarn contained in it,
or as much of such air as can be easily extracted. The size must then be
introduced into the receiver from another vessel containing the size called the
size vessel by means of a pipe, one end of which pipe must be immersed in the
size, and the other end of which pipe must enter the receiver. In this pipe is
inserted a cock which prevents the size from entering the receiver before the
air is extracted, and when the air is extracted the size is admitted by turning
this cock. Any other apparatus which answers the purpose of the pipe and
cock may be used instead of the pipe and cock. When the size is admitted
into the receiver it enters into the yarn and impregnates it very rapidly. In
order that the yarn may recieve no injury from the rapid manner in which the
size enters into the receiver, either the size should be introduced very slowly,
or the yarn should be packed in baskets, cans, bags, or vessels, or otherwise,
to prevent the yarn from being tossed about in the receiver by the motion of
the size. When the size enters the receiver it causes the small quantity of
air which was not extracted to rise to the top of the receiver. To prevent the
yarn from rising above the size in the receiver, the baskets, cans, bags, or
vessels containing the yarn within the receiver must be fastened down, so that
the same cannot rise higher than the size in the receiver, or a board, lid, or
other solid body must be fixed within the receiver at the distance of a few

page_text: inches from the top of the receiver. If it is desired to give a greater pressure
to the size after it is admitted into the receiver than that of the common
atmosphere, the communication between the receiver and the size vessel must
be closed by turning the aforesaid cock, and then one end of a forcing pump
may be inserted into the top of the receiver, and by means thereof a quantity
of condensed air may be forced upon the surface of the size. After the yarn
has remained a few minutes, or any longer time, in the receiver, it may be
taken out and placed in a thin cold size, to prevent the size which has been
applied in the operation from draining out of the yarn, as well as to prevent
its growing hard upon the surface of the yarn until the yarn undergoes the
next common operation in the course of its manufacture. The size answers
best when it is made thick and introduced into the receiver at or nearly at the
boiling temperature. The process may be facilitated by heating the yarn
(previous to its being introduced into the receiver, or after it is introduced
into the receiver, and before the receiver is closed up for the purpose of
extracting the air therefrom) to any degree of heat not exceeding that of
boiling water. It may be heated very conveniently in the receiver by
inclosing the bottom and sides of the receiver in another vessel, and intro-
ducing the steam of boiling water into the space between the two vessels.
Although I have thus particularly described the process I use in sizing
cotton yarn, I confine my Invention solely to the extraction of the air from a
vessel containing the cotton yarn which is to be sized, or the principal part of
such air, and consequently from the cotton yarn itself, and applying the size to
the cotton yarn while the air is so extracted.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Marsland, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Thirteenth day of August, in the forty-fifth year
of the reign of our Sovereign Lord George the Third, by the grace of
God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland King,
Defender of the Faith, and in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and five.
gned, sealed, and delivered, by the
said Peter Marsland, in the presence
of
PETER MARSLAND. (L.s.)
Jos DENISON.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Thirteenth day of August, in
the year of our Lord 1805, the aforesaid Peter Marsland came before our
said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
'to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
T