Improvements in Apparatus for Justifying Types or Arranging them in Lines to Constitute a Column or Page for Printing Purposes.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Oct., 1887
Specification Accepted, 25th Nov., 1887
Improvements in Apparatus for Justifying Types or Arranging them
in Lines to Constitute a Column or Page for Printing Purposes.
We, THE THORNE MACHINE COMPANY of 32 Vesey Street New York City in the
United States of America, a Company incorporated under the Laws of the State of
New York, United States of America, and JOSEPH THORNE of Port Richmond Staten
Island in the State of New York aforesaid Machinist do hereby declare the nature of
this Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The Improvements constituting the present Invention are especially designed for
use in connection with type setting machines, from which the composed matter is
received in an extended line from which short lengths are justified and removed into
a galley in lines of a length in accordance with the width of the column or page to be
printed.
In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is an elevation illustrating a justifying
apparatus adapted for use in connection with type setting machines and arranged in
accordance with this Invention and Figure 2 is a plan of the same.
Figure 3 is a plan view of a means for securing the galley to the table, and Figure 4
is a sectional elevation of the same, the section being taken on the line x, x, of
Figure 3.
Figure 5 is an enlarged plan view of the end of the galley shewing its relation to
the packer, and Figure 6 is a sectional elevation of the same, the section being taken
on the line y, y, of Figure 5.
Figure 7 is a sectional elevation, taken through one of the channels of the space
case, Figure 8 is a rear view of said case; and Figures 9 and 10 are respectively
longitudinal and cross sectional elevations of the sliding block, with which the galley
is provided, Figures 11 to 16 represent details and modifications as hereinafter
described.
Referring to Figures 1 and 2, Standards A, B, support the opposite ends of a
table C, upon which the galley G is secured, and with the head of which the setting
stick 34 is connected; P, is a vibrating packer for forcing the line of types into
the galley; and S is a case for containing spaces with which to justify the lines of
types.

page_text: The head 10 of the table C constitutes a bed, upon which the line of types rests, as
it is drawn or slidden from the stick 34, the said line first abutting against a gauge 11,
and next being pushed down the said table between the said gauge 11, and the
block 12, by the packer P, which is vibrated for this purpose by a foot lever I, that
is connected to the said packer by a rod R, the said packer P, being drawn in the
opposite direction by means of a spring 50. The head 10 of the table constitutes a
prolongation of the bottom plate of the setting stick 34, and is long enough to
accommodate the galley G in suitable position for composing a page or column of
the greatest width which the galley is adapted to receive.
This head 10, is depressed (See Figure 6,) to provide a seat for the bottom of the
galley, and form a smooth bed for the column of matter to slide upon in passing from
the said head to the said galley.
The galley is placed in position on the table C, with its mouth end forced against
the head 10, and is there secured by a clamp at the outer end, which clamp consists
of a.clamp 30, that laps over the rail 31 of the galley, (See Figure 4,) and is pressed
thereupon by means of a screw bolt 32, that passes through the table C with its
head 33 bearing on the underside thereof, which screw bolt has a thumb nut 34, that
binds the clamp 30 on to the galley, thus holding it securely, and in connection with
the bearing had against the head 10, preventing lateral or longitudinal displacement
of the galley. The shank of this clamp may be provided with a cam 70, by which
as the clamp is turned into position to lap over the rail of the galley, it will bear
against the said end rail and securely hold the mouth end of the galley against the
head 10. When the galley is thus secured with its side rail 36 at a point, suitably
distant from the block 12 to suit the width of column, the gauge 11, is adjusted, and
then the side stick E is put into place. This side stick consists of a long bar provided
at its forward end with a slot 5, (See Figure 5,) that engages a lip 6, projecting from
a piece 7, (which may be in one with the block 12,) secured to the head 10 of the
table C, and also provided with a dove-tailed slot, in which travels a frictionally held
sliding block 40, carrying a bearing arm 41. The sides of this block fit the dove-
tail slot and it is pressed upwards against them by means of a spring, 42, secured to
its under-side. When the side-stick is engaged with the lip 6, its inner face is
coincident with the face of the block 7, and its alignment with the ledge 36, of the
galley G is secured by a block or slug 7, (See Figure 2,) of column width placed in
advance of the arm 41, and an adjusting spring 51 is placed between the side stick
and ledge 60 of the galley. As line after line is forced into the galley by the packer P,
the arm 41, retires to a corresponding extent, its frictional resistance being sufficient
to hold the composed matter together and yet yield to pressure exerted by the said
packer.
One side wall and the bottom of the setting stick are connected with the head 10
of the table, but the outer side wall of the said stick is removed for a short distance,
so that while the short line or section removed from the extended line of type on the
setting stick is supported on its feet, and at one side it may be moved laterally in
manipulating it, and in order that the end of the said line shall remain firm and stable
as it is moved along in the setting stick the outer side wall of the latter is provided
with a frictional device, composed, for instance, of a small rubber tube 9, or of bristles,
as shewn in Figure 13.
The packer Pis provided with a slot 8, at its outer end, and a corresponding portion
of the gauge 11, is removed as at 3, so that when the packer is in its forward or pushing
position, a tool may be inserted to hold the line introduced into the galley, should there
be any sticking or de-arrangement, which operation enables the packer to retire without
carrying with it any of the type of the line.
The space case S, consists of a number of channels, for containing spaces of differing
thickness, each of which channels has an ejector, as 4, (See Figure 7,) playing through
the bottom of the channel. These ejectors 4, are attached to a bar 80 that slides on
the bed-plate between the side frames of the case, which bar is reciprocated by means
of rock-arms 81, that project from a rock-shaft 82, and enter a slot in the said bar. The
said shaft 82 is rocked by an arm 83, rod 84, and foot lever 85, and is returned to its
•

page_text: normal position, and the ejectors withdrawn by means of a coiled spring 86, one arm
of which is attached to the shaft while its other arm bears against the back of the plate.
A dépression of the lever 85 throws the ejectors 4 forward and protrudes a space
from each of the channels into convenient position to be taken by the fingers and used
in justifying each line of type as it is placed in the galley.
Referring now to the details and modifications, Figures 11 to 16, Figure 11 is a
plan view of an apparatus constructed substantially as hereinbefore described but
containing certain modifications. Figure 12 is a side elevation of the same. Figure 13
is an enlarged vertical section taken upon the line X X of Figure 11. Figure 14 is
an enlarged view of a portion of Figure 11. Figure 15 is a vertical section taken
upon the line X X of Figure 14, and Figure 16 is an enlarged section taken upon the
line y y of Figure 11.
The parts which are like those herein before described are marked with the same
letters of reference and require no further description except so far as they are modified
as hereinafter described.
The button 30, by which the galley G is secured at its lower end to the table C, is
controlled by a bolt 32, and thumb screw 34, as before. The head 33, of the bolt 32,
is arranged to move in a dove-tailed groove 28, formed in the top of the table so that the
position of the button can be changed to accommodate galleys of different lengths.
The upper end of the table C, is provided with a raised head 10, of such a height as
to be just flush with the bottom g of the galley, and thus permit the type to be moved
from the table into the galley.
Directly in front of the open end of the galley, the head 10, of the table C, is
provided with a slot 9, through which projects a freely moving fence plate 8, which
forms a continuation of the side 2 of the composing stick 34, and a support for the line
of type as it is advanced out of the stick and on to the head 10 of the table in front of
the galley. The fence plate 8 is carried by a reciprocating head 35, arranged beneath
the table and having downwardly extending guide rods 36, which pass through openings
in a transverse shaft 37, so that the head 35 and its plate 8 will move freely up and
down so as to project the plate above and draw it down flush with the upper surface
of the table.
Just below the head 10, the table is provided with a channel into which is fitted a
plate 38 which is provided at its end with the gauge 11. The plate 38 is made
adjustable longitudinally so as to adjust the position of the gauge 11, to accommodate
columns of different widths. The plate 38 is of such thickness that it is just flush with
the upper surface of the head 10, and the bottom of the galley, as shewn in Figure 15,
so that a flat smooth surface is formed, along which the type can be moved into
the galley.
The plate 38, is held in position by means of clamps 39, which fit into recesses in
the table and are operated by set scrows 40.
The packer P consists of a plain plate of metal and is operated as hereinbefore
described. The arms 43, of the head 42, of the packer are provided with a yoke 45,
which projects inward under the table and is arranged so that as the packer is rocked
forward, it engages with a. curved rod, 46, which extends from the head 35, in such
manner as to move downward the head 35 and its plate 8, as indicated by dotted lines
in Figure 13, while as the packer P is moved back to its normal position by the
spring 50, the yoke 45 engages with a straight rod 47, also extending from the head 35, in
such manner as to raise the head 35 and the plate 8 back to their raised position, as
shown by full lines in the said Figure 13. The parts are so proportioned that when the
plate 8 is moved downward as just described, its upper edge will be just flush with the
upper surface of the head 10, of the table, so that it will afford a bridge upon which
the line of types will pass over the slot 9.
The operation or manner of using the apparatus, thus constructed, is as follows:
The galley G having been placed in position upon the table C, with its upper open
end against the plate 10 or 38, and the gauge 11, having been moved to the proper
position to form a continuation of the side of the galley; the galley is then secured in
position by turning the button 30, over the end 31 of the galley and screwing down

page_text: the nut 34. The side stick E having then been placed in position, the arm 41 will be
moved up to a point near the upper open end of the galley. As the line of type is
advanced along the composing stick 34, by the operation of the type-setting machine,
it will pass onto the head of the table and in front of the upwardly projecting fence-
plate 8, when that is used. When the line of type is advanced sufficiently far, the
justifier, sitting in front of the galley, will by use of a suitable hand-gauge or
implement, cut off and move forward against the gauge 11, a sufficient length of the
line of types, to form one line of matter for the column or page, and then will effect
the proper justification of the line by removing and inserting spaces in the usual
manner, the line which is being justified resting during the operation against the
plate 8, (when it is used) and between the gauge 11, and block 7, as indicated in Figure 11.
When the line has been properly justified, the justifier will press the treadle L, and
thereby throw forward the packer P and at the same time when the plate 8 is used
move downward the said plate from behind the justified line of type, as indicated by
dotted lines, in Figure 13, and the pressure upon the treadle being continued, the
packer will move the justified line forward, into the galley G. The pressure will then
be taken off the treadle and the spring 50 will at once restore the parts to their original
position. After this, the justifier will cut off and move forward another line of types,
justify it and insert it into the galley G in like manner and so the operation will be
repeated until the column or page is completed. The filled galley will then be removed
and an empty galley be placed upon the table in its stead.
If at any time it is desired to change the width of the column or page, all that is
necessary, in the second described arrangement is to remove the galley farther outward
on the table, away from the composing stick 34. adjust the gauge 11, to correspond
and remove the plate 8, (which may be a simple piece of brass rule,) and insert a
correspondingly longer plate in its stead. To decrease the width of the column or page,
the operation is the same except that the galley and the gauge 11, will be moved in
the opposite direction.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is :-
First, In apparatus for or connected with the justifying of types, the combination
of the table C, its head 10, the galley G and the clamp 30, operating substantially as
herein before described, and with or without the cam 70, and with or without the dove-
tail groove for the bolt of the clamp 30.
Second, In a justifying apparatus, the combination with a type galley of a side stick
having a sliding block or column rest connected to the side stick by a frictional slide
substantially as herein before described and illustrated more particularly in Figures 9
and 10 of the accompanying Drawings.
Third, In a justifying apparatus, the combination with the galley G, table C, head 10,
and lip 6, of a side stick having a slot 5, substantially as hereinbefore described and
illustrated in Figures 2, 5 and 11 of the accompanying Drawings,
Fourth, In a justifying apparatus, the combination with the galley G, of the table C,
its fixed block 12, and movable gauge 11, substantially as herein before described and
illustrated in Figures 2, 5, 11 and 14 of the accompanying Drawings.
Fifth, In a justifying apparatus, the combination, with the galley and its support of
the fence plate 8, and packer P, operating substantially as hereinbefore described, with
reference to Figures 11 to 15 of the accompanying Drawings.
Sixth, In a justifying apparatus, the combination with the galley and its support of
the fence plate 8, packer P, and connections or adjuncts, whereby the said fence plate
is moved downward from behind the line as the packer is moved inward and vice versa
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 11 to 15 of the
accompanying Drawings.
Seventh, In a justifying apparatus, the combination with the galley and its support
of the adjustable plate 38, carrying the gauge 11, substantially as herein before described
and illustrated in Figures 11 and 14 of the accompanying Drawings.

page_text: Eighth, In a justifying apparatus, the combination with the galley and its support of
the fence plate S, the packer P, the treadle L, and connections between the latter and
both the packer and the fence plate, substantially as hereinbefore described and
illustrated more particularly in Figure 13 of the accompanying Drawings.
Ninth, The arrangement and combination of parts constituting the apparatus for
justifying types or arranging them in lines to constitute columns or pages substantially
as hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 1 to 10 of the accompanying
Drawings and also the modification hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 11
to 16 of the accompanying Drawings.
Tenth, In a justifying apparatus, a space case consisting of channels, each of which is
provided with an ejector 4, that is connected to a sliding bar 80, substantially as
herein before described.
Eleventh, In a space case of a justifying apparatus, combination of the ejectors 4,
bar 80, rock arms 81, rock shaft 82, arm 83, and foot lever 85, all arranged to operate,
3 substantially as described.