Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Jan., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 15th Oct.. 1894-Accepted. 18th Jan., 1895¹
A communication from W. BORGOLTE, Junior, of Höxter am Weser, in the Empire
of Germany.
1, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT, of 323, High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex,
Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
The cross groove and tongue joint constructed according to this invention may
be applied to various building materials and is formed by the overlapping of
plates etc., on two or more sides, and the formation of grooves crossing each other
at right angles at the corners. These overlaps engage with their raised edges or
tongues in the grooves of the adjoining plates or stones, etc. as the case may be, so
that a solid whole is constituted by the close connection of the parts.
The form of overlap varies according to the nature of the material.
Thus, in one example there may be used two exactly similar square plates
capable of being joined together side by side, or end on, either being in front.
Seen from above, one of the squares overlaps the other.
This joint is very suitable for laying roofs and floors and the construction of walls.
Such floors become imipermeable, as the squares themselves are not penetrable, and
the joints can be made tight with suitable materials.
In a second example the plates are similarly formed except that the upper and
undersides are different; the overlapping is three-sided, whereas in the first named
example it is two-sided only. Consequently, one plate joins the next, side by side;
turned round or inverted one plate is equivalent to the next and may be joined to
either end of it.
In a floor-board joint constructed according to this invention a longitudinal
groove and tongue joint are made half-dovetailed in cross-section, for the sake of a
firmer hold; a form, indeed for which the tongues of wooden plates or of plates
made out of other elastic materials are well adapted. The cross grooves can be
dispensed with in flooring-hoards.
In connecting together according to this invention two segmental stones say for
chimneys, the grooves and tongues are radial (and circular); in this case, as in
masonry particularly, the grooves do not extend to the outer edges of the stones,
but are set a little back therefrom, so that nothing but straight and smooth joints
appear on the face, and a building constructed in stone with the improved joints is
externally undistinguishable from one built in the ordinary way.
With grooved stones, blocks or bricks adapted for the normal bond in brick walls
say of a brick and a half thick, the outer bricks show plain external joints and the
inner bricks (lying between them) are provided with through grooves.
For chimneys special hooked forms of bricks, engaging in those adjacent thereto
are used, which form exceptionally tight joints, especially impermeable to
combustion products, smoke, soot, etc. The directly and diagonally opposite
bricks are relatively identical, so that only three kinds of bricks require to
be made.
All wallstones blocks and bricks are provided at top and bottom, i.e. on their
bedding surfaces, with a mortar-groove into which the bedding mortar between the
layers of bricks or stones is pressed, giving to the several layers a firmer hold,
while securing them agaiust sliding.

page_text: The cross-grooves may be used for arch-keystones. Stones for insulation e.g. the
encasing of iron columns etc. may be grooved according to this invention, as
may also curb stones, thereby giving them a closer union and firmer hold on
one another.
Dated this 18th day of January 1894.
A communication from W. BORGOLTE, Junior, of Höxter am Weser, in the Empire
of Germany.
´I, Alfred JulIUS BOULT of 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex,
Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The cross groove and tongue joint shown on Sheet I of the accompanying
drawings, as applied to various building materials is formed by the overlapping of
plates, etc, on two or more sides, and the formation of grooves crossing each other
at right angles at the corners. These overlaps engage with their raised edges or
tongues in the grooves of the adjoining plates or stones, etc. as the case may be, so
that a solid whole is constituted by the close connection of the parts.
On Sheet I of the drawings, the outlines of the several pieces, stones, etc.,
are indicated by thick lines.
The form of overlap varies according to the nature of the material.
Thus, Fig. 1 shows two exactly similar square plates a and b capable of being
joined together side by side, or end on, either being in front. Seen from above, one
of the squares overlaps the other.
This joint is very suitable for laying roofs and floors and the construction of walls.
Such floors become impermeable, as the squares themselves are not penetrable and
the joints can be made tight with suitable materials. Fig. 2 is a section of this joint.
The plates shown in Fig. 3 (of which Fig. 4 is a section) are similarly formed,
except that the upper and under sides are different: the overlapping is three-sided,
whereas in Fig. 1 it is two-sided only. Consequently, plate d joins c, side by side,
as shown in the drawing; turned round or inverted, d is equivalent to cand may be
joined to either end of it.
The floor-board joint shown in Figs. 5 and 6 illustrates only a longitudinal
groove and tongue joint constructed according to this invention, made half-dovetailed
in cross-section, Fig. 6, for the sake of a firmer hold; a form, indeed, for which the
tongues of wooden plates or of plates made out of other elastic materials are
well adapted (Figs. 1 and 2). The cross-grooves can be dispensed with in flooring-
boards.
In Figs. 7 and 8 are shown two segmental stones say for chimneys, the grooves
and tongues are radial (and curved or concentric); in this case, as in masonry
particularly, the grooves do not extend to the outer edges of the stones, but are
a little back therefrom, so that none but straight and smooth joints appear on the
face, and a building constructed in stone with the improved joints is externally
undistinguishable from one built in the ordinary way.
Figs. 9 and 10 show grooved stones blocks or bricks adapted for the normal bond
in brick walls say of a brick and a half thick, the outer bricks k n m p show plain

page_text: external joints and the inner oriCKS & &nⱭ vying Deoweed mem) are provid
through-grooves.
For chimneys special hooked forms of bricks (Fig. 11.) engaging in those.
adjacent thereto are used which form exceptionally tight joints, especially
imperineable to combustion products, smoke, soot etc. The directly and diagonally
opposite bricks r and u, q and t, s and are relatively identical, so that only three
kinds of bricks require to be made.
Fig. 12 is a side-view of the stone v.
All wall stones blocks and bricks are provided at top and bottom, .e. on their
bedding surfaces, with a mortar-groove fl (see Figs. 7 to 12) into which the
bedding mortar between the layers of bricks or stones is pressed, giving to the
several layers a firmer hold, while securing them against sliding.
Figs. 13 and 14 illustrate the application and use of the cross-grooves for arch-
keystones z.
Fig. 15 shows the employment of grooved stones for insulation e.g. the encasing
of iron columns etc.
Figs. 16 and 17 represent the cross groove and tongue joint applied to
curbstones, thereby giving them a closer union and firmer hold on one another.
A modification of this new joint for building materials, such as is particularly
adapted for use as roof-covering with great advantage, is shown in Sheet II of the
accompanying drawings, in side elevation in Fig. 18, as seen from above in Fig. 19,
and in front elevation in Fig. 20.
These roof plates are distinguished by such an arrangement for jointing two
adjacent plates of mutually engaging grooves and tongues, that the groove n¹ of the
upper plate p' runs into the groove n³ of the lower plate p' so as to be continuous
therewith, and thus the rainwater, following the course of the grooves n' is conducted
in a straight line directly to the eaves, while the grooves n³ are formed to fall in
the direction indicated by the arrows, so that water finding its way into the
groove n is conducted towards the groove n¹. The edges of the tongues f¹ and ƒ³
run parallel to the grooves n¹ or n³, so that the plates lie close to one another
throughout.
In the plan Fig. 19, the single plates such as p₁ have the appearance of two
squares, one partly covered by the other, with parallel sides s¹³ss', whereof the
lower left hand corner and the upper right hand corner are joined by the straight
lines. The displacement of the upper surface in relation to the lower one may
be as shown, in an angle of 45 degrees; but any other angle of obliquity may be
used. The roofing plates are provided, the same as roofing-tiles, with catches
or projections so that they may engage with the roofing battens laths or
equivalent.
The transverse joints 2¹ run into the grooves n³, the longitudinal joints ² into the
grooves n so that the rainwater which is not directly led away passes off by the
joints into the grooves n³ and thence into the grooves n'; whereas the water
which finds its way into the joint or channel goes directly into the groove n³, so
that all through leakage is prevented.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is ;-
1. Groove and tongue joints formed by full or partial overlapping of the edges
of boards plates stones etc. on one or more sides and by forming grooves in such
overlapping edges in such manner that by laying the plates etc. one on another with
overlap a groove and tongue joint is obtained in which the grooves of the several
plates etc. cross one another and establish such a firm interconnection and tie
between the plates as to make a thoroughly strong and impenetrable joint and
leave only plain smooth joints to be seen on the outer face of the work substantially
as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

page_text: 2. Overlapping joint-connections of roofing-plates in such manner that water
penetrating into the joints shall be carried off by grooves such as n² or n³ to the
eaves-gutter and so prevent leakage substantially as described.
Dated this 15th day of October 1894.
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.