IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING FAT AND OLUE FROM BONES'
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
i
I, GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI of 124 Leipzigerstrasse Berlin in the
Kingdom of Prussia Germany do hereby declare the nature of said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING FAT AND OLUE FROM BONES' "
A communication to me from abroad by Johann Wellstein of the City of Bamberg
Kingdom of Bavaria Germany to be as follows:
The extractor consists of a vertical cylindrical closed vessel provided with a steam
jacket around its lower part. This vessel has an opening or manhole in its upper
part for charging it with the bones from which the fatty and gluey parts are to be
extracted, a lateral lower opening or manhole for emptying the contents of the
extractor and a pressure gauge and a vacuum gauge. In the lower part of the
extractor a perforated cross partition falso bottom or sieve is provided for driving
the remaining solvent material off into the condenser and on which the bones to
be treated are placed, also, a bottom pipe and cock for carrying the glue solution
off to the cooling vessel and another pipe and cock for letting off the dirty water.
The first named pipe enters the bottom of a closed reservoir for receiving the
solvent materials. There is also a pipe from the bottom of the extractor to a
closed fat collecting vessel, and a pipe from the top of the extractor to a condenser.
There is a perforated pipe rose or coil for admitting steam to the space in the
extractor below the aforesaid sieve or false bottom.
:
A jet apparatus is connected with the extractor for producing the vacuum in a
quicker and more convenient manner than heretofore in such apparatus. This jet
apparatus may conveniently be connected to the pipe leading from the top of the
extractor to the condenser. An injector is also provided for injecting acid liquid
and other liquids through a perforated pipe coil or rose down on to the bone
material in the extractor.
:
The Condenser is a closed vessel all round and on the top provided with a jacket
into which cold water is conducted, an outlet being provided for the water in a
somewhat heated state at the top. The aforesaid pipe from the extractor is coilod
round in the jacket whereby the condensation is accelerated.

page_text: The lower part of the reservoir for the reception of the solvent materials is by
means of a pipe (provided with gauge glass for observing the condensation) in
communication with the bottom of the condenser and has a pipe leading from its
lower part to the upper part of a back cooling box and another pipe leading from
its upper part to the lower part of the back cooling box. The purpose of this box
is to condense the benzine vapours escaping with the air from the upper part of the
reservoir for the solvent and to conduct them back in a condensed state to the lower
part. The reservoir is also fitted with inlet funnel and tap and with gauge glass
and bottom outlet cock.
The fat reservoir for receiving and cleansing the fat from the extractor is
provided with perforated rose pipe or coil for driving the solvent materials contained
in the fat off in the form of steam and sending it into the condenser. The fat
reservoir has also say four outlet cocks at different levels and a glass gauge pipe.
The apparatus operates as follows. The bone material is put into the extractor
and the latter hermetically closed and so also all the cocks except the cock to the
injector and the cock to the condenser. The level of the solvent in the reservoir is
noted by means of the gauge glass and the jet apparatus set to work producing a
partial vacuum in the extractor and in the condenser.
The cock to the jet apparatus is then closed and communication being opened
between the lower part of the reservoir containing benzine or similar solvent and.
the lower part of the extractor, the benzine will be rapidly drawn into the extractor.
The extractor is then shut off to the solvent reservoir and to the condenser Steam
is next admitted to the jacket round the lower part of the extractor, whereby its
interior contents are heated and the solvent formed into vapour of a certain
pressure. When the desired pressure has been attained, the steam admission is
shut off but the pressure must before and during the next following condensing
process be maintained at about 1/10th of an atmosphere by slight steam admission
as required. To enable the condensation to begin the condenser is put in communi-
cation with the upper part of the extractor and the lower part of the solvent
reservoir. The solvent vapors passing through the coil in the water jacket of the
condenser and then entering its interior part will thereby become condensed and
flow back to the solvent reservoirs. The uncondensed solvent vapours pass off to
the back cooler where they are quite condensed and then return to the solvent
reservoir. The small remainder of solvent in the bone material is by means of the
steam injected through the perforated steam coil in the bottom part of the
extractor driven off to the condenser.
The fatty parts obtained are let off into the fat reservoir where they are heated
by steam entering the perforated coil in its lower part for the purpose of driving
any remaining solvent material off to the condenser and thence to the solvent
reservoir. The fatty parts are purified in the fat reservoir in the ordinary manner.
The level is observed by the gauge glass. They are drawn off according to their
different consistencies and qualities by the cocks at the different levels.
The steam accumulated and condensed in the condenser and run into the solvent
reservoir is let off by a tap below but by observing the level of the solvent by the
gauge glass care can be taken not to run off the solvent also.
The obtaining of the gluey parts in the bones may now be gone on with. The
extractor being shut off from the condenser and the latter shut off from the solvent
reservoir the injector is made to inject warm water from some convenient tank into
the extractor down upon the bones which are under a very slight pressure, until
the water run off below appears clean enough. A certain quantity of acid such as
oxalic acid or muriatic acid is then similarly injected through the upper perforated
coil say from the same aforesaid tank on to the bones to macerate them under
pressure; the acid is partly absorbed by the bones, The remaining acid collecting
under the false bottom or grid in the lower part of the extractor is then by
changing the position of the cocks drawn off thence by the injector and again
injected from above through the upper perforated coil onto the bones. This
manipulation is repeated as required according to the age of the material treated

page_text: By the aforesaid process and apparatus the bones are at once and quickly and
completely macerated after being deprived of the fatty parts (instead of the usual
tedious maceration process).
The injector is now shut off, and steam admitted to the bottom coil in the
extractor till the pressure reaches about three atmospheres. The injector is then
made to inject a certain quantity of hot water (from the aforesaid tank or
otherwise) on to the bone material under pressure.
The extractor is then left thus until the glue is dissolved. If a test shows that
the glue solution is not concentrated enough it is drawn off from below the false
bottom by the injector and injected from above again, and this may he repeated
as required. The glue solution is then by the pressure in the extractor forced off
from the bottom to cooling tanks placed above. An excellent transparent glue
solution is thus obtained which soon gelatinizes. The glue production may also be
reduced or extended as to quantity all according to the value attached to the
nitrogenous part of the bone meal.
004

page_text: "
I, GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI of 124 Leipzigerstrasse Berlin in the
Kingdom of Prussia Germany do hereby declare the nature of said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING FAT AND GLUE FROM BONES
(a communication to me from abroad by Johann Wellstein of the City of Bamberg
Kingdom of Bavaria Germany) and in what manner the same is to be performed
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
-
This invention will be fully understood from the accompanying drawings of
which Figure 1 is a vertical section and Figure 2 a plan of an apparatus con-
structed according to this invention.
The extractor consists of a vertical cylindrical closed vessel A provided with a
steam jacket A' around its lower part. This vessel has an opening or manhole a
in its upper part for charging it with the bones from which the fatty and glucy
parts are to be extracted, a lateral lower opening or manhole a¹ Figure 2 for
emptying the contents of the extractor and a pressure gauge and a vacuum gauge.
In the lower part of the extractor a perforated cross partition false bottom or
sieve is provided for driving the remaining solvent materials off into the con-
denser and on which the bones to be treated are placed, also a bottom pipe g-and
cock for carrying the glue solution off to the cooling vessel and another pipe and
cock for letting off the dirty water, b is a pipe for supplying the jacket A¹ with
steam, and b¹ a pipo for letting off the condensed water.
The first named pipe 9 enters the bottom of a closed reservoir D for receiving the
solvent materials. There is also a pipe u from the bottom of the extractor A to a
closed fat collecting vessel E and a pipe d from the top of the extractor to a
condenser B. There is a steam pipe and perforated pipe rose or coil for
admitting steam to the space in the extractor below the aforesaid sieve or false
bottom k
A jet apparatus m is connected with the extractor A for producing the vacuum
in a quicker and more convenient manner than heretofore in such apparatus. This
jet apparatus may conveniently bo connected to the pipe d leading from the top of
the extractor to the condenser B. An injector m² is also provided for injecting acid
liquid and other liquids through a perforated pipe, coil or rose down on to the
bone material in the extractor.
The condenser B is a closed vessel all round and on the top provided with a
jacket B into which cold water is conducted by the pipe can outlet pipe c¹ being
provided for the water in a somewhat heated state at the top. The aforesaid
piped from the extractor is coiled round in the jacket as shown at B' whereby the
condensation is accelerated.
The lower part of the reservoir D for the reception of the solvent materials is by
means of a pipe (provided with a gauge glass 7³ for observing the condensation)
in communication with the bottom of the condenser B and has a pipe leading
from its lower part to the upper part of a back cooling box D¹ and another pipe r
leading from its upper part to the lower part of the back cooling box. The
purpose of this box is to condense the benzine vapours escaping with the air from
the upper part of the reservoir for the solvent and to conduct them back in a con-
densed state to the lower parts. The reservoir D is also fitted with inlet funnel ƒ
and top and with gauge glass t and bottom outlet cock 8.
The fat reservoir E for receiving and cleansing the fat from the extractor, ▲ is
provided with perforated rose pipe or coil W for driving the solvent materials

page_text: contained in the fat off in the form of steam and by the pipe y sending it into the
condenser B. The fat reservoir E has also say four outlet cocks at different
levels, and a glass gauge pipe v.
The apparatus operates as follows: The bone material is put into the extractor A.
and the latter hermetically closed and so also all the cocks except the cock d³ to
the injector m and the cock d¹ to the condenser B. The level of the solvent in the
reservoir D is noted by means of the gauge glass t and the jet apparatus m set to
work producing a partial vacuum in the extractor and in the condenser. The
cock d to the jet apparatus is then closed and communication being opened by the
cock g¹ between the lower part of the reservoir D containing benzine or similar
solvent and the lower part of the extractor, the benzine will be rapidly drawn into
the extractor. The extractor is then by closing the cocks g' and d' shut off to the
solvent reservoir and to the condenser. Steam is next by the pipe b admitted to
the jacket Around the lower part of the extractor whereby its interior contents
aro heated and the solvent formed into vapour of a certain pressure.
When the
desired pressure has been attained, the steam admission is shut off from the
jacket A¹ but the pressure must before and during the next following condensing
process be maintained at about 1/10th of an atmosphere by slight steam admission
as required. To enable the condensation to begin the condenser is by opening of
the cocks d and put in communication with the upper part of the extractor A
and the lower part of the solvent reservoir D. The solvent vapours passing through
the coil B in the water jacket B¹ of the condenser B cold water being admitted by
the pipe c and then entering its interior part will thereby become condensed and
flow back to the solvent reservoir D by the pipe 72. The uncondensed solvent
vapours pass off by the pipe r to the back cooler D¹ where they are quite condensed
and then return to the solvent reservoir. The small remainder of solvent in the
bone material is by means of the steam injector through the perforated steam
coil in the bottom part of the extractor driven off to the condenser B.
The fatty parts obtained in the extractor A are by the pipe u let off into the
fat reservoir E where they are heated by steam entering the perforated coil w in
its lower part (the cock u being closed) for the purpose of driving any remaining
solvent material off to the condenser and thence to the solvent reservoir D. The
fatty parts are purified in the fat reservoir in the ordinary manner. The level is
observed by the gauge glass v. They are drawn off according to their different
consistencies and qualities by the cocks at the different levels.
The steam accumulated and condensed in the condenser B and run into the
solvent reservoir D is let off by a taps below, but by observing the level of the
solvent by the gauge glass t care can be taken not to run off the solvent also.
The obtaining of the gluey parts in the bones may now be gone on with. The
extractor A being shut off from the condenser B and the latter shut off from the
solvent reservoir by closing the cocks d¹, and 23 and opening the cock the
injector m is made to inject warm water from some convenient tank into
the extractor down upon the bones which are under a very slight pressure, until
the water run off below by the pipe 2¹ appears clean enough. A certain quantity
of acid such as oxalic acid or muriatic acid is then similarly injected through the
upper perforated coil say from the same aforesaid tank onto the bones to
macerate them under pressure; the acid is partly absorbed by the bones. The
remaining acid collecting under the false bottom or grid in the lower part of the
extractor is then by closing the cock z³ and opening drawn off thence by the
injector m² and again injected from above through the upper perforated coil onto
the bones. This manipulation is repeated as required according to the age of the
material treated. By the aforesaid process and apparatus the bones are at once
and quickly and completely macerated after being deprived of the fatty parts
(instead of the usual tedious maceration process).
The injector is now shut off, and steam admitted to the bottom coil in the
extractor by closing the cock e³ and opening 13 till the pressure reaches about three
atmospheres. The injector is then by opening the cock zª made to inject a certain

page_text: quantity of hot water (from the aforesaid tank or otherwise) on to the bone
material under pressure. The cock is then closed.
The extractor is then left thus until the glue is dissolved. If a test shows that
the glue solution is not concentrated enough it is drawn off from below the false
bottom by the injector m¹ and by opening the cock z and injected from above
again through the coil 2 and this may be repeated as required. The cock 2ª is
then closed and glue solution is by the pressure in the extractor forced off from the
bottom through the pipes to cooling tanks placed above. An excellent transparent
glue solution is thus obtained which soon gelatinizes. The glue production may
also be reduced or extended as to quantity all according to the value attached to
the nitrogenous part of the bone meal.
The advantages obtained by the use of this apparatus are the following.
1. Very quick formation of a vacuum by means of the jet apparatus.
2. Acceleration of the evaporation of the solvents by the vacuum in the
extractor A
3. Facility for great heat accumulation by the introduction of steam into the
extractor jacket A¹ whereby the fat is entirely removed.
4. Affording an equivalent for air compression by reason of the solvents being
drawn in by the available vacuum.
5. The convenient and according to requirements accelerated washing and the
intense maceration of the bones immediately after the removal of the fat within
the extractor, also the rational mode of removing the glue in the same apparatus.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
First. The perforated coil or rose in combination with the injector m for the
purpose of drawing off the glue forming liquid below from the extractor by the
pipe and for repeatedly flushing the bones therewith.
Second. In an apparatus for removing fat from bones the construction of the
condenser consisting of the cylindrical vessel B in combination with the cooling
coil B² passing round it, the said parts B and B being arranged in a vessel B¹ filled
with water and provided with inlet and outlet.
Third. The apparatus for removing the fat and glue from bones by evaporation
solvents consisting of the extractor A in combination with the condenser B with
surrounding cooling coil B₁ the reservoir D for the fluid solvents the back cooler D'
connected therewith, the fat reservoir E, having perforated coil or rose wand the
injector m substantially as described and shown.