Improvements relating to Bricks and to the use thereof for Building Purposes.
Year: 1892

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to Bricks and to the use thereof for Building
Purposes.
I JOSEF JULIUS HESZ, of 2 Zinkgasse Vienna, XV in the Empire of Austria,
Technical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to bricks and to the use of the same for building purposes,
and comprises improvements in the form given to the same and also improved
means for laying or connecting the said bricks.
In the accompanying drawing my improved bricks are represented singly and
also connected, shewing my improved method or manner of laying or connecting
the bricks.
Figure 1 shows a front view of one of my improved bricks.
Figure 2 a side view thereof.
Figure 3 is a clay bond intended for insertion into the bricks.
Figure 4 shows a part of a corner wall, the bricks being shown with different
connections, such as a tarred wood bond a, a clay bond b, a drawn tubular bond (of
sheet iron or the like) with a short inside addition c, and a bar angle-iron d'in
cement, and with a sheet iron-plate e.
Figure 5 shows a fixed column.
Figure 6 a fixed party wall.
Figure 7 a fireproof step with iron tube and sheet bond and banister.
Figure 8 shows the application with clay bond or tubular iron bond to a small
arch between girders with wedges of iron.
Figures 9 and 10 show modifications of my improved bricks for smooth inside or
outside walls.
Figure 11 shows a face view, and
Figure 12 an edge view of a form or modification of my improved bricks for sills.
Figure 13 shows a face view and
Figure 14 an edge view of a form or modification of my improved bricks
intended for use as a finish or moulding for work in sight.
Figure 15 shows a form or modification of my improved brick to be used as a
half-brick.
Figure 16 shows another half-brick made according to my invention.
Figure 17 shows a form or modification of my improved brick used as a channeled
column.
Figure 18 shows a form or modification of my improved brick for use to form a
moulding.
Figure 19 shows a beam-bearer with a sheet bond between every two courses,
with tubular iron bonds.
Figure 20 illustrates the application of my improved bricks to all kinds of mason
work, as for example a main wall with spaces for the introduction of gas, water,
telephone and air pipes or passages and connections.
My improved brick shown in Figure 1 and marked A. is formed with two holes f
extending through the thickness of the brick and intended for the reception of the
uniting bonds of clay, wood, tube or angle-iron, and also with partial holes or
channels g on the sides as shown, which channels form, when the bricks are laid in
the proper position, complete holes or passages.
The half-brick B, Figure 15, is provided with only one hole f. The partial
holes or channels can be so arranged that the holes are formed at the corner or at
the centre (Figure 16) or in such manner that the corners remain and the partial

page_text: holes or channels are correspondingly distributed at the end and the sides
(Figures 13 and 17).
The making of the holes is effected either by pressing the bricks in a suitable
mould or by the cutting or pressing out of the material.
The holes in the bricks also serve, together with the usual mortar binding, for
their connection with each other by means of the longer or shorter bonds or ties
shown at a, b, c, d, Figure 4, which bonds or ties may be either metal tubes or
angle-irons or rolls of the brick material. The partial holes or channels remaining
open are particularly useful for the reception of gas or water pipes, speaking-tubes
and the like.
In using my improved bricks, they should be placed in such a manner that the
holes always cover the respective partial holes or channels, so that, by being laid
over and next to each other, hollow cylinders are formed which are filled in by
means of the above mentioned bonds or ties.
In Figures 4 and 19 I have illustrated this manner of laying my improved
bricks and have shown the best modes of connecting the bonds a, b, c, d, with each
other.
For maintaining the bricks at an equal distance apart and for resisting any side
pressure, I prefer, in some cases, to use iron plates e, provided with holes corre
sponding to the holes in the bricks, which plates are, in building, laid in between
the courses of bricks; the form of these iron plates should correspond with the
building line; either flat plates, angle plates, or cross plates may be used for this
purpose.
The use of the above mentioned iron plates arranged as explained affords a
strengthened mode of building suitable not only for edifices but also for railway
embankments and the like.
By the uniform omission of certain bricks, garden walls and the like are easily
repaired. In walls of several bricks in thickness, it is, in many cases, useful in
order to obtain a greater degree of stiffness through the bonds that the rows of
bricks should be laid over each other longitudinally and cross ways.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is;
First. The improved brick (A) or half-brick (B) provided with holes (f)
extending through the same and with partial holes or channels (g) at the sides or
corners, for the purposes above specified.
Second. The above described method of laying or connecting the improved
bricks by means of bonds or ties (a, b, c, d,) formed of rods, tubes or rolls of
suitable length passed through the holes (f and g) of the bricks as hereinbefore
described.
Third. The employment, in combination with the improved bricks and the bonds
or ties, of plates or sheets of metal, provided with holes for the reception of the
bonds or ties, and intended to maintain the bricks at an equal distance apart and to
assist in resisting side pressure upon the wall or other structure, as hereinbefore
described.
Dated this 19th day of October 1800
D. YOUNG & Co.,
11 & 12, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.