CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF GENERATING OR PRODUCING STEAM, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CON- NECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1852

page_text: HINDMAN AND WARHURST'S SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME OR BE MADE
KNOWN, we, WILLIAM HINDMAN, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Gentleman, and JOHN WARHURST, of Newton Heath, near Manchester, in the
same County, Cotton Dealer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Royal
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twenty-second day of April, in the fifteenth year of Her reign,
and in year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said William
Hindman and John Warhurst, our exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial
licence, full power, sole privilege and authority that we, the said William
Hindman and John Warhurst, our exors, admors, and assigns, and such others
as we, the said William Hindman and John Warhurst, our exors, adiñors, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within that part of Her Majesty's
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, Her Dominion
of Wales, the Town of Berwick upon Tweed, and the Islands of Jersey,
Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and in all Her Majesty's Colonies and
Plantations abroad, our Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD
OF GENERATING OR PRODUCING STEAM, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CON-
NECTED THEREWITH;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that
we, the said William Hindman and John Warhurst, shall cause a particular

page_text: description of the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or
under the hand and seal of one of us, to be enrolled in Her said Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as, reference being
thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
William Hindman and John Warhurst, do hereby declare that the nature and
particulars of our said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be
performed and carried into practical effect, are particularly set forth, described,
and ascertained in and by the following description or Specification, reference
being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, in which Drawings the same
letters of reference are used to represent similar part or parts where different
views or diagrams are shewn.
Our improvements relate particularly to the mode or method of producing,
generating, or procuring steam and confining it for the purpose of working
steam engines, to obtain motive power, and other useful purposes, which has
hitherto been accomplished by water being heated by some description of fuel
to the necessary degree of heat, and produced and confined in boilers of various
constructions, but in all such boilers the steam, when produced, has been
allowed to escape directly from them to the engine, cylinder, or vessel which
has to communicate the motive power to the particular machinery, or taken
direct from such boiler or vessel for the particular purpose required. But by
our improvements, in addition to producing steam from water by fuel, as above
stated, we generate or produce steam by steam; that is to say, we cause the
steam produced or generated by the combustion of fuel in the usual or ordinary
manner to serve in the place of fuel for the purpose of producing or generating
more steam, either in the same boiler, by passing the steam first produced by
fire through steam chambers and tubes or flues fixed in the same boiler, which
are surrounded by the water, or in another contiguous boiler or other con-
tiguous boilers, through which it is caused to pass by the said boilers being
connected by a coupling pipe or pipes, each boiler having steam chambers and
tubes or flues for the passage of the steam; or, in other words, we raise or
generate steam in the first instance by fuel in the usual inanner, which steam,
passing into a steam chamber at one end of the boiler, enters tubes which are
surrounded by the water, and thus the heat communicated to the tubes by the
steam heats the water to the necessary degree of heat to produce more steam.
If more boilers than one is used we put water in each of them to about the
same height, and connect them by a coupling pipe or coupling pipes, and the

page_text: steam passing from one boiler to another through a steam chamber at the
other end of the boiler, and through the coupling pipe or pipes to the other
boiler or boilers, and then through steam chambers and tubes or flues as in the
first boiler, and is allowed to escape to the engine, cylinder, or other contriv-
ance to give the necessary force or power to move the weight or machinery
required, or it is taken from it in any convenient practical manner for other
useful purposes.
These improvements are applicable to one or more boilers
connected, may be used or applied to stationary, locomotive, marine, or any
kind of steam engines, and also for any other useful purpose where steam is
required, and it is quite evident that by adopting this Invention a great saving
of fuel, and consequently an economisation of labour will be effected.
Such being the nature and object of our said Invention or improvements, we
will now explain the same by the Diagrams in the annexed Sheet of Drawings.
Fig. 1 represents a section of an ordinary tubular boiler, showing the fire under
it, with the addition of steam chambers C, C, connected by the tubes or flues
D, D, D, only two of which can be seen in the section. Fig. 2, a section of a
similar boiler, with the steam chambers C³, C², connected by the tubes D¹, D¹, D¹,
but without fire under it. Fig. 3 is a transverse section of both the boilers
through C, C, and connected by the coupling pipe E. On firing under Fig. 1
the steam first rises at A, and following the course indicated by arrows marked
in the Diagram, passes through the pipe B into the first steam chamber C, and
thence through the tubes D, D, D, into the second chamber C; it then leaves
Fig. 1 and proceeds through the coupling pipe E into the second boiler, Fig. 3,
at C, then through the tubes D¹, D', D', into the last steam chamber C³, in
its passage causing the water in Fig. 3 to boil. The steam thus generated (by
steam alone) now meets the steam generated in the first instance in Fig. 1, and
passes at F, in the direction indicated by the arrow, away to the engine. G, G, are
taps or cocks for drawing off from time to time any water that might collect
from the slight condensation of the steam in its passage through the tubes or
flues of the boilers. This description of the Diagrams represents the operation
with two boilers connected; if more than two are used the operation is merely
repeated, but if a great number were required it might perhaps be necessary to
put fire under more than one of them, as experience will prove. If only one
boiler is used, the steam, after passing through the steam chambers and flues or
tubes, is allowed to escape for the purpose required.
Having now fully described the nature and particulars of our Invention, and
the manner of carrying the same into practical effect, we wish it to be particu-
larly understood that we do not confine ourselves to the precise details herein
described, as the same may be varied without departing from our principle;

page_text: neither do we confine ourselves to any particular number of boilers or the
manner of connecting them, but what we claim as new and our Invention
is-Firstly, the producing or generating steam from steam, or the expansion
thereof, and of confining it as herein described, or in any other convenient
manner. Secondly, the construction of boilers with steam chambers and steam
flues or tubes, as herein described and shewn in the annexed Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Hindman and John Warhurst,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-second day of
September, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
fifty-two.
WILLIAM (L.B.) HINDMAN.
JOHN (L.S.) WARHURST.