Improvements in Automatic Glass Cutting or Grinding Machinery.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Aug., 1898-Accepted, 1st Oct., 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Automatic Glass Cutting or Grinding Machinery.
I, OLIVER IMRAY, of Birkbeck Bank Chambers, Southampton Buildings, in
the County of London, Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention (as communicated to me from abroad by F. Anton Hubbuch, of
36, Kroneuburger King, Strassburg, Alsace, Germany, Civil Engineer,) and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in automatic cutting or grinding
machinery for glass articles such as is described in the Specification of Patent
No. 22,537 of 1896, whereby such machinery is rendered capable of more general
application than heretofore.
I will describe the construction of the said machinery with reference to the
accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1 shews a side elevation of the improved
machine; Fig. 2 a plan, and Figure 3 an end view partly in section on line A-B
Figure 1 Figures 4 and 5 shew separate details of the cams; Figures 6 to 14
shew modified arrangements for effecting more complicated cutting or grinding
operations.
Figures 1 to 5 shew the arrangement of the machine if facets or flutings are to
be ground upon the glass articles, as indicated at Figure 1. is the framing of
the machine. By means of the cam E, Figures 2 and 5 and the lever g' q² g³
the spindle Y and with it the sliding support B B B carrying the glass article U
is moved longitudinally in the one direction upon the fixed support W while
the weight G Figure 3 acting on the cord connected to lever q' q qª moves
the sliding support B back in the contrary direction, when released by the cam.
In the construction shown the arrangement is such that the weight G effects
the forward or idle motion of the glass, while the cam E effects the movement of
the glass while in contact with the emery grinding wheel S during the grinding
operation.
The emery wheel S is mounted on a lever arm A whose boss is mounted loose
on the driving shaft and is adjustably connected to a lever arm H the lower end
of which carries a roller i acted upon by a double cam ele which determines
the time during which the emery wheel is in contact with the glass, so that the
length of the facets to be cut is not dependent alone upon the stroke of the cam F,
but also upon the lifting of the emery wheel by the cam ele. This mode of
operating is utilised for producing upon the glass during three, four, five, or
more consecutive strokes, longer and shorter cuts, so called organ-pipe flutings,
as shewn at Fig. 1. For this purpose the double cam Fig. 4 is not fixed
upon the shaft Q which carries the cam F but is loose thereon, being however
in rigid connection with the toothed wheel 4. For imparting the requisite
motion to this wheel, a transmission shaft 5, Figure 2, is provided on which are
fixed the toothed wheels 2 and 3. For imparting motion to these, the cam.
shaft Q has a toothed wheel 1 fixed thereon, the gearing being so proportioned
that the shaft 6 performs half a revolution while performs one revolution.
The transmission from wheel 3 to wheel 4 is again proportioned as one to two,

page_text: so that Q performs four revolutions while the double cam performs one revolu-
tion, so that the glass U is made to travel four times backward
and forward during that time. The cam e' e³ has on its periphery four projec-
tions, of which two that are diametrically opposite have the same peripheral
length, while the other two are of unequal length. By this means also two
opposite spaces between the projections are of the same length, and the other
two are of unequal length.
The projections raise the emery wheel away from the glass during the idle
motion of the glass while the spaces determine the duration of the grinding.
A wide space therefore permits of a long duration of contact between the glass
and the emery wheel, and in the position shewn at Fig. 4 the longest facet or
Huting is being cut.
The following space of the cam is narrower in the peripheral direction and
while the roller i lies in this, the next following somewhat shorter facet is cut,
inasmuch as the roller i will effect the raising of the emery wheel before the
glass has arrived at the end of its stroke.
If a still narrower space of the cam follows, then the next following facet on
the glass will also be correspondingly shorter.
The next space of the cam is just as wide as the diametrically opposite one and
the next facet will consequently be longer again.
The cam has now completed one revolution after producing four cut facets;
on the farther rotation the roller i will again enter the wide space of the cam
and the emery wheel consequently will cut the longest facet again.
With this arrangement therefore four facets are cut during one period; if six
periods are required for the circumference of the glass, Q must make twenty
four revolutions and the gauge wheel T which is automatically turned through
a distance of one tooth at each stroke, must also have twenty four teeth.
According to the choice of the ratio of transmission from the shaft Q to the
double cam ee and the number of projections of the latter, five or more facets
can be included in one period. The other parts of the machine are of known
construction and need not be farther described.
Figs. 6 to 9 shew the apparatus with which the machine has to be provided
for cutting scale-facets on the glass. Fig. 6 shews a longitudinal section ou
line AB Fig. 7; Fig. 7 a plan, Fig. 7a detail Fig. 8 a vertical section on
line CD Fig. 6, and Fig. 9, a longitudinal section on line F-F Fig. 7.
The construction is so arranged that four rings, each with twenty four facets
are produced on the glass.
The cutting begins with that ring of facets which is nearest to the bottom
of the glass.
The fixing arrangement for the glass is the same as shewn with the first con-
struction and only the arrangement for producing the longitudinal motion as
also the rotation of the glass is altered. The sliding support B B B is in this
ease not connected with the spindle Y Fig. 1, but the weight G Fig. 1 suspended
from the cord V Fig. 6 tends to move it in the direction of the arrow, that is,
towards the framing of the machine.
:
This motion is regulated by a stepped ring 1 which bears against the pin X
on the framing.
To the stepped ring is fixed a ratchet wheel 2 which turns with it on the fixed
support W, and which in the present case has ninety six teeth.
If now the stepped ring he rotated by the ratchet gear in the direction of the
clockhands, the stop X will pass from the step I to the step II and the glass will
be shifted longitudinally to an extent equal to the step by means of the weight,
so that the emery grinding wheel will act upon another part of the glass. The
rotation of the glass during the grinding is more difficult to effect, in particular
when, after a ring of scale-facets has been cut, and the next ring of facets has
to be cut so that the facets are situated exactly intermediate between those of the
previous ring.

page_text: For indicating how this is effected, Fig. 8 shews the condition at the com
mencement of the motion.
With the cam shaft Q shewn in Figs. 1 to 5 is combined a ratchet shaft 3 in
such manner that it is obliged by the action of the cam 23 and lever 24 to per-
form only a reciprocating rotary motion.
This motion is imparted by means of the carrier 4 to the lever 5, and causes
it at each revolution of shaft Q to move through an angle a.
This motion is transmitted to the shaft 6 carrying the lever 7.
The latter imparts motion by means of the link 8 to the bar 9 to which is
pivotted the ratchet pawl 10, which is kept in gear with ratchet wheel T by
means of the weighted tail 11. The arrangement is such that on the ruising of
the emery wheel the shaft 6 is partially rotated under the action of the cam on
the shaft Q so that the bar 9 is raised and the wheel T is made to turn through
a distance of two teeth.
The wheel T has, for a purpose to be hereinafter stated, twice as many teeth
as there are to be facets in a ring round the glass.
In order to combine with the above mechanism the stepped ring 1, the shaft 6
carries a short lever 12 on which is a ratchet pawl 13 that engages with the
ratchet wheel 2. During the time that the pawl 10 pushes the gauge wheel T
round two teeth, the pawl 13 turns the ratchet wheel 2 one tooth forward; if
therefore the wheel T has been completely rotated through its forty eight teeth
the ratchet wheel 2 will have been turned through twenty four teeth, so that it
will have been turned one quarter round; and at the commencement of the next
motion the shaft I will pass off the stop X, so that this will on the further rotation
of 2, slide on step II, and a new ring of facets can now be cut. As this ring
must be shifted relatively to the preceding one to the extent of half the pitch
of the facets, there is provided near Q a ratchet wheel 14 having half as many
teeth as T, and with which engages a pawl lever 15 fixed to 3, whereby the
ratchet wheel is held in its position. This ratchet wheel 14 is, at cach rotation
of Q, turned through a distance of one tooth, therefore one twenty-fourth of a
revolution forward, at the moment when the cam 23 turns the glass, so that 15
in descending, will always find a space into which it can drop.
The twenty-fourth or last space is somewhat deeper than the others, as shewn
at Figure 9, so that the pawl 15 falls deeper into the wheel 14. By this means
the motion of 9 is increased and the pawl 10 will pass down over three teeth.
If the glass, after performing a complete revolution be shifted longitudinally
one step as described lever 24, and with it pawl lever 15 and the entire ratchet
mechanism must turn through the angle à + 6, and this motion suffices for
turning the gauge wheel T through three teeth by means of the ratchet pawl 10.
These three teeth divisions correspond to one and a half divisions of the facet
ring, and the next ring will consequently have its facets situated exactly in the
middle between those of the first ring. The pawl 10 afterwards always shifts
two teeth, so that the entire second facet ring will be regularly shifted relatively
to the first one. When the second ring is completed, the ratchet wheel 14 will
again have performed one revolution, and on the pin X coming upon step III, 15
will again enter the deep tooth space of 14, and T will be again shifted three
teeth, so that the third facet ring will now be shifted to the extent of one half
of a facet division relatively to the second one.
When four facet rings have been completed, and the machine is thrown out
of action, the sliding support B B B is drawn forward by means of the handle 19
Figure 7, and is brought into the position of rest, the hook 20 to which the
handle 19 is fixed and which is pivoted to the support B at 22 being made to
engage with the stud 21 on the adjusting ring N.
It will be readily seen that by giving the stepped ring 1 a greater number of
steps, five or more facet rings can be cut on the glass.
Figures 10 to 14 shew the apparatus for effecting an entirely new mode of
cutting, whereby screw shaped facets or flutings are produced in the glass,

page_text: Figure 10 being a longitudinal section taken on line A B of Figure 11 which is
a plan, Figure 10 a part elevation, Figure 12 a detached detail, Figures 13
and 13 are transverse sections on the line E F G H, Figure 10, shewing the
mechanism in the two extreme positions. Figure 14 is a transverse section on
the line OR ST, Figure 10. This arrangement differs from those previously
described in that during the time that the emery wheel is effecting a cut on the
glass, the latter has a combined longitudinal and rotary motion imparted to it.
The longitudinal motion is effected in the same way as with the first described
construction; the simultaneous rotary motion is effected by a template 1 which
is fixed to the ring carried by the front end of the support W. In the inclined
slot of this template is engaged a roller 2 pivoted to the toothed rack 3, which is
engaged with a wheel 4 having teeth formed partly round its periphery. This
wheel turns loose upon the support u when the toothed rack is moved downwards.
Figure 13 shews the toothed rack in its lowest position that is to say, at the
commencement of the cutting period; Figure 13 shews the rack in its highest
position, that is to say, at the moment when the cutting of a screw shaped facet
is completed. As the rack 3 passes from the lowest to the highest position (which
is effected by the movement of the support B B B in the direction of the arrow
Figure 10) the pawl 5 which is pivoted to 4 carries the gauge wheel 6 in the
direction of the clock-hands as indicated by the arrow Figure 13, and the glass
will be turned through the angle a as 6 is fixed on u by means of a key 7. This
rotation coincides with the longitudinal motion, and the glass is consequently
moved with a helical motion of considerable pitch in contact with the emery wheel.
For cutting a second facet of this kind, the emery wheel is raised off the glass
at the end of the stroke, as in the first described construction, and the glass com-
mences its idle return motion. During the latter, the roller 2 moves backward
in the template slot and the glass would consequently be turned-back again the
same distance as that through which it was turned forward during the grinding
motion, that is, through the angle n. But as the glass is to receive a new fucet,
this backward motion must be so much less than the forward motion as is equal
to the width of a facet. The gauge wheel 6 hus as many teeth as the glass is to
have helical facets; if therefore there are three teeth divisions in the angle a,
then the rotation of the glass during the backward motion must only be to the
extent of two teeth divisions, that is, equal to the angle b, Figure 13; this
reduced motion is effected as follows.
The ratchet pawl 5 Figures 10, 12 and 13 has a bolt 8 bearing on a spiral
spring which is pressed inwards by the stud 9 fixed on the support B B B when
the gauge wheel 6 turns during the cutting of the glass. The stud 9 is so inclined
and adjusted that the bolt 8 is pressed radially outward during the backward
motion of 5; 5 is thereby turned on its pivot and comes out of gear with the
gauge wheel 6, so that the glass now no longer follows the rotary motion during
the time that 6 moves through the angle a-b. Lastly the stud 9 allows the
bolt 8 to move into gear under the action of the counterweight 10, and the pawl
again engages in a tooth space, so that a new forward motion through the angle a
can be effected. The stud 9 is accurately adjusted being formed in one with a
small plate having slotted holes which is secured to the framing.
The parts of the machine not referred to in this specification are the same as
those described in the Specification No. 22537 of 1896 and for easy reference they
are marked with the saine letters..
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. An automatic machine for grinding or cutting glass articles, wherein by
the use of an auxiliary shaft 5 a transmission consisting of wheels 1, 2, 3 and 4.
and the compound came of a fixed to 1

page_text: produced on the glass article, substantially as described with reference to
Figures 1 to 5 of the drawings.
2. In an automatic machine for grinding or cutting glass articles, the use of
mechanism for cutting scale facets consisting of the ratchet devices 3 to 11 and 23,
24 operating in combination which effect the subdivision of the circumference of
the glass into the required number of facets, while a revolving stepped ring 1
bearing against a fixed stud, operating in combination with the ratchet wheel 2
and the devices 12 and 13 on shaft 6 determines the longitudinal motion of the
glass, the shifting of the consecutive rings of facets relatively to the contiguous
ones, so that the facets thereof assume an intermediate position, is effected by
means of a deeper notch of the wheel 14 into which the pawl 15 enters so as to
effect a corresponding increased rotation of the gauge wheel T, substantially as
described with reference to Figures 6 to 9 of the drawings.
3. In an automatic machine for grinding or cutting glass articles, the use of
mechanism for cutting helical facets or flutings consisting in a template 1, which
effects the motion of a toothed rack 3 during the longitudinal motion of the glass
article in such manner as to cause the latter to be turned by means of the ratchet
pawl 5 and gauge wheel 6 through an angle a during the grinding operation,
while during the idle return motion, the said mechanisms in conjunction with
the bolt 8 and the inclined tooth 9 turn the glass back again through the angle b
which is smaller by one tooth division than the angle a, substantially as described
with reference to Figures 10 to 14 of the drawings.
01 1
2
T
1000
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.