PAINT BRUSHES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL, SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Wright at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd October 1880.
EDWARD WRIGHT, of Beckenham, in the County of Kent.
PAINT BRUSHES.”
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
My Invention relates to improvements in that description of paint brushes in
respect of which Letters Patent were granted to me, dated the 11th day of May,
1880, No. 1930, but part of my present Invention is also applicable to paint
brushes of other descriptions.
According to my said former Invention the brush consisted of a split or divided
stock or socket and a sliding ferrule in combination with the usual handle and
a knot of bristles. In carrying out my present Invention I employ a clasp made
in two halves united together at the end nearer to the outer extremities of the
bristles by stud and slot connections so as to admit of the clasp opening out at
the handle end. Into the clasp, when in its open or expanded condition, the knot
of bristles suitably prepared is inserted, after which the clasp is contracted and a
socket piece is screwed over it from the handle, and thereby securing the knot of
bristles firmly in its place and completing the brush. The knot of bristles may be
made up by cementing them round a core in a body, or by binding them round
the core with tape, twine, or wire, but I prefer to form the kuot according to the
method next hereinafter described, which constitutes an important feature of my
present Invention.
I bind the bristles round a core by means of a clip consisting of a strip of sheet
metal having a slit or perforation at one end with which is capable of engaging the
opposite extremity of the strip. The bristles surrounding the core are introduced
into the clip partially formed by bending round the strip and threading together
the two extremities, the clip being placed in a die beneath a suitable press.
Under the action of the press the bristles are lightly bound in the clip and the

page_text: latter is rendered secure by bending back by means of a suitable tool the
extremity of the strip which has been threaded through the slit or perforation of
the opposite extremity of the strip. In lieu of the clip being formed with a slit
and perforation at one end through which the other end is threaded the strip may
be made with recesses at one end and projections at the other, so that by bending
the projections over the recessed portions the clip is completed.
Or may substitute for the clip a disc of inetal having slits or divisions so
arranged that by turning over the portions of the disc thus separated from each
other a cap for the bristles is produced.
This part of my present Invention is also applicable to paint brushes generally.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, and
of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, filed by the said Edward Wright in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 26th April 1881.
EDWARD WRIGHT, of Beckenham, in the County of Kent.
PAINT BRUSHES."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
My said Invention relates to improvements in that description of paint brushes
in respect of which Letters Patent were granted to me dated the Eleventh day of.
May, One thousand eight hundred and eighty, No. 1930, but part of my present
Invention is also applicable to paint brushes of other descriptions.
According to my said former Invention the brush consisted of a slit or divided
stock or socket and a sliding ferrule in combination with the usual handle and a
knot of bristles. In carying out my present Invention I employ a clasp made in
two halves united together at the end nearer to the outer extremities of the
bristles by stud and slot connections so as to admit of the clasp opening out at the
handle end. Into the clasp, when in its open or expanded condition, the knot of
bristles suitably prepared is inserted, after which the clasp is contracted and a
socket piece is screwed over it from the handle end, or the clasp is fastened by
means of screws thereby securing the knot of bristles firmly in its place and com-
pleting the brush. The knot of bristles may be made up by cementing them
round a core in a body, or by binding them round the core with tape, twine, or
wire, but I prefer to form the knot according to the method next hereinafter
described, which constitutes an important feature of my present Invention.
I bind the bristles round a core by means of a clip consisting of a strip of sheet
metal having a slit or perforation at one end with which is capable of engaging the
opposite extremity of the strip. The bristles surrounding the core are introduced
into the clip partially formed by bending round the strip and threading together
the two extremities, the clip being placed in a die beneath a suitable press.
Under the action of the press the bristles are tightly bound in the clip and the
latter is rendered secure by bending back by means of a suitable tool the
extremity of the strip which has been threaded through the slit or perforation of
the opposite extremity of the strip.
In lieu of the clip being formed with a slit or perforation at one end through
which the other end is threaded, the strip may be made with recesses at one end
and projections at the other end, and so that by bending the projections over the
recessed portions the clip is completed, or the strip may be otherwise arranged so
that its two extremities are capable of engaging with or being united to each
other.
Or I may substitute for the clip a cap or flanged ring which may be produced
from a disc of metal, having slits or divisions so arranged that by turning over the
portions of the disc thus separated from each other a cap or flanged ring for the
bristles is formed, or the cap or flanged ring may be produced in any other
convenient manner.
This part of my Invention is applicable to paint brushes generally.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall refer to
the several Figures on the annexed Sheets of Drawings, the same letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts in all the Figures.
Figure 1 (Sheet 1) of the accompanying Drawings represents a side elevation of
a ground brush constructed according to one modification of my said Invention,

page_text: and Figure 2 is a perspective view of the same shewing the parts detached and
ready for being put together.
Figure 3 (Sheet 2) represents a side elevation, and Figure 4 is a longitudinal
section of a ground brush constructed according to another modification of my
said Invention; Figure 5 represents a series of strips of metal of various forms,
adapted for the construction of clips in accordance with my said Invention for
forming or securing the knots of bristles; Figure 6 represents a perspective
view of a cap which may be substituted for the clip; Figures 7 and 8 are
respectively a side elevation and longitudinal section of a ground brush consisting
of a knot of bristles forined or secured according to my said Invention and simply
attached to a stock or handle; Figure 9 represents a side elevation of a distemper
brush conducted in a similar manner.
Referring to Figures 1 and 2, A is a clasp which may be composed either of
metal, as shewn, or of wood or other material, and is made in two halves a, a,
united together at the end nearer to the outer extremities of the bristles B by
studs a¹ engaging with slots or catches a², so as to admit of the clasp opening out
towards the handle C. Into the clasp A when in its open or expanded condition
the knot of bristles B suitably prepared is inserted, after which the clasp is
contracted and a socket piece D is screwed over it from the handle C, thereby
securing the knot of bristles firmly in its place, whilst at the same time attaching
the handle securely by the flange plate c of the handle abutting against the ends
of the knot of bristles, and thus forming the complete brush shewn in Figure 1.
The knot of bristles D is made up with a core E of cork or other suitable
materials, which may be either of a conical shape or of a cylindrical or other form,
and the bristles may be cemented round the core in a body, or spirally bound
round the same with tape, twine, or wire, but I prefer to form the knot of bristles
by means of a clip, or cap, or flanged ring according to the method hereinafter
described, which constitutes an important feature of my present Invention.
In lieu of employing a screwed cap or socket piece D for closing the clasp A, as
shewn in Figures 1 and 2, the said clasp may be secured in the manner illustrated
in Figures 3 and 4, which represent another modification of my said Invention.
According to this modification the clasp is secured by screws a³, which are passed
through overlapping portions of the strengthened ends at of the clasp A, and into
the butt end c¹ of the handle C, by which means the knot of bristles B and clasp A
are held securely to the handle.
In this modification means are afforded for adjusting the position of the knot of
bristles in the clasp, so as to compensate for wear by providing a screw J, Figure 4,
working in the ferrule-or core-E!, the end of the screw abutting against the end of
the handle, and the head of the screw being provided with a ring E² of cork or
other material which acts as a support for the screw, and at the same time takes
the place of the outer end of a lengthened core; the said ring E' is also so arranged
within the knot of bristles as to give the edge a* of the clasps additional hold
upon the bristles, as shewn in Figure 4.
By operating the screw J by a driver centrally within the bristles the knot of
bristles may thus be moved forwards and out from the clasp "A" according as the
end of the brush wears.
Before the knot of bristles B is introduced into the clasp an elastic band H is
placed around the bristles at the portion of their length corresponding to the near
end a of the clasp A, so that when the brush is made up the said land becomes
interposed between the bristles and the contracted extremity a* of the clasp, and
the bristles are tightly held in their place, the contracted form of the said end of
the clasp contributing moreover to this result.
Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 illustrate the improved method of forming or securing
knots of bristles in the inanufacture of paint brushes by means of clips or caps or
flanged rings in accordance with my said Invention.
The clip may consist of a strip F of sheet metal (see detail, Figure 5), having a

page_text: slit or perforation at one end f, with which the opposite extremity f' is capable of
engaging; or the clip may consist of a strip F¹ (Figure 5) formed with recesses f
at one end, and projections f' at the other end, so that by bending the projections
over the recessed portions the clip is completed; or the clip may be formed of a
strip F (Figure 5) provided at its end with projecting pieces turned over so as to
form a loop, through which the end fi may be threaded; or a plain strip F³
(Figure 5) may be used, the said strip being perforated with holes at its ends f, f',
whilst in a die, into which holes soldering metal is run so as to complete the clip;
or the strip may be otherwise modified in various ways, which will readily suggest
themselves to persons skilled in the arts.
In the operation of making up the knots the bristles surrounding a core are
introduced into the clip partially formed by bending round the strip, and causing
its two ends to engage or overlap, as the case may be, the clip being placed in a
die beneath a suitable press. Under the action of the press the bristles are tightly
bound in the clip, and the latter is rendered secure by bending back, by means of a
suitable tool, one extremity of the strip which has been caused to engage with or
overlap the opposite extremity.
In performing these operations I prefer to employ a press or apparatus con-
structed and arranged in the manner described in the Provisional Specification of
an Invention in respect of which I have obtained Letters Patent dated the
Eighteenth December, One thousand eight hundred and eighty, No. 5321.
In lieu of using metal strips for binding the knot of bristles, I may employ a
metal cap or flanged ring (Figure 6), which consists of a disc of metal f', having
its flange f plain or serrated or dentated, as shewn, so that by bending in the
plain or serrated or dentated portions the cap is made to securely fit on to and
bind the knot of bristles. When a metal ferrule or core is used I find it advanta-
geous to expand the same as well as to bend in the cap or flanged ring, or contract
the clip, as the case may be, the two operations being by preference performed
simultaneously by suitably shaping the punches and dies.
The knot of bristles formed or secured by means of the clips or caps or flanged
rings may be attached to any suitable stock or handle. In Figures 7 and 8 I have
represented a ground brush, in which a knot of bristles B is bound round a ferrule
or core Es by means of a clip F, the said ferrule being fitted on a projection C² of
the butt end of the handle C, and secured thereto by a plate e and screw e¹. In
Figure 9 I have represented a distemper brush constructed in a similar manner.
Knots of bristles so formed or secured may also be advantageously employed in
combination with the split or divided stock or socket described in the Specification
to my said former Letters Patent, or in combination with the clasp hereinbefore
described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 and Figures 3 and 4. In those Figures
I have represented the knot of bristles as bound by means of a clip F formed of a
strip F, Figure 5.
By this method of binding the knot of bristles is rendered completely secure,
whilst by cutting the core to a suitable form so as to assist its expansion it will
be caused to press the bristles to the side of the clasp, and thus prevent the paint
from obtaining access to the interior of the said clasp.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the hereinbefore in part
recited Letters Patent is,-
First. The employment in a paint brush of a clasp for the knot of bristles, the
said clasps being constructed, arranged, and applied substantially in the manner
and for the purposes herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings.
Second. In the construction of paint brushes the employment of metal strips,

page_text: clips, or caps or flanged rings, constructed substantially in the manner and for the
purposes hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Wright, have to this my Specification
set my hand and seal, the Twenty-second day of April, One thousand eight
hundred and eighty one.
EDWARD WRIGHT. (L.S.)