IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFAC TURE OF BRICKS AND TURES OR TILES
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Humphrey Chamberlain, of Kempsey, near
Worcester, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFAC
TURE OF BRICKS AND TURES OR TILES."
Sealed the 16th January 1854, and dated the 8th November 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Humphrey Cham-
berlain at the 'Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the Sth November 1853.
I, HUMPHREY CHAMBERLAIN, of Kempsey, near Worcester, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU.
FACTURE OF BRICKS AND TUBES OR TILES" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of improvements in combining apparatus for
making bricks and tubes or tiles, and the improvements apply to those
classes of machinery where clay or brick earth in a plastic state is
expressed through orifices of a pug mill or other expressing machi-
nery. In making bricks the plastic clay or brick earth is continuously
[Price 8d.1

page_text: expressed through a die or opening (capable of adjustment in size) of
a form and size nearly that of the brick, which is received on to an
endless cloth, and then passes between four rollers (driven at like
surface speed) covered with porous fabric, by which the form of the
brick is obtained with greater, exactness. The upper roller is made
somewhat convex, in order that the bricks at their upper surfaces may
be slightly concave. The rollers receive motion from the axis of the
pug mill when used, and from the rollers the gearing of the cutting
wires is put in motion in such manner as to be moved across first
from one side and then from the other. The moulded brick earth is
supported on either side where the cut is made, and the cutting
apparatus, when cutting, has a motion given to it corresponding with
the moulded brick earth, in order to make a true cut. And in
making hollow tubes or tiles or bricks two or more grooved rollers
are fixed in front of the opening of a pug mill or other expressing
machine, so as to form the mouth piece or die, and a core or cores or
mandrils are fixed to enter between the grooved rollers; hence when at
work the expressing of the plastic clay or brick earth puts the rollers
in motion, and the moulded tube or tile or brick is received and carried
on an endless cloth or fabric, and is cut into lengths as above
explained, the motion of the cutting wires being derived from the
rollers.
SPECIFICATION in pursuanceof theconditionsof the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Humphrey Chamberlain in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 8th May 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
HUMPHREY CHAMBERLAIN, of Kempsey, near Worcester, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
seventeenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Humphrey Chamberlain, Her

page_text: special licence that I, the said Humphrey Chamberlain, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Humphrey
Chamberlain, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS AND TUBES OR
TILES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Humphrey
Chamberlain, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Humphrey Chamberlain, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof (that is to say):
CCD-
This invention consists of improvements in combining apparatus
for making bricks and tubes or tiles, and the improvements apply to
those classes of machinery where clay or brick earth in a plastic state
is expressed through orifices of a pug mill or other expressing
machinery. In making bricks the plastic clay or brick earth is
tinuously expressed through a die or opening (capable of adjustment
in size) of a form and size nearly that of the brick, which is received
on to an endless cloth, and it then passes between four rollers (driven
at like surface speed) covered with porous fabric, by which the form
of the brick is obtained with greate. exactness. The upper roller is
made somewhat convex, in order that the bricks at their upper
surfaces may be slightly concave. The rollers receive motion from
the axis of the pug mill when used, and from the rollers, the gearing
of the cutting wires is put in motion in such manner as to be moved
across first from one side and then from the other. The moulded
brick earth is supported on either side where the cut is madé, and the
cutting apparatus, when cutting, hasamotion given to it corresponding

page_text: to the moulded brick earth, in order to make a true cut. And in
making hollow tubes or tiles or bricks two or more grooved rollers
are fixed in front of the opening of a pug mill or other expressing
machine, so as to form the mouth piece or die, and a core or cores or
mandrils are fixed to enter between the grooved rollers; hence when
at work the expressing of the plastic clay or brick earth puts the
rollers in motion, and the moulded tube or tile or brick is received,
and carried on an endless cloth or fabric, and is cut into lengths as
above explained, the motion of the cutting wires being derived from
the rollers.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to
describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1, shows a longitudinal section of a machiue constructed
according to my Invention; Figure 2, is an end view shewing the
arrangement of the apparatus for cutting or dividing the clay or brick
earth into suitable sizes for bricks as it is expressed from the mould-
ing orifice and rollers; Figure 3, is a plan of the machine; and
Figure 4, shows separate views of a moulding orifice, which is capable
of adjustment in size by raising or lowering the moveable plate a'.
, is the moulding orifice of a pug mill or other machine suitable
for expressing the clay or brick earth through such orifice; the clay or
brick earth in its passage from the orifice a is received between the
rollers b, b, c, c, covered with porous fabric, which are so arranged as
to roll out or compress the clay or brick earth in its passage between
them into the form necessary for being cut into bricks as hereafter
explained; the opening formed by the four rellers being somewhat less
in breadth and length than the moulding orifice a. The upper and
lower rollers b, b, receive motion in the following manner :-d, is an
axis which receives motion from the axis of the pug mill (if a pug
mill is employed), or it may receive motion in any other convenient
manner; d¹ is a toothed pinion on the axis, indicated by a red circle,
which takes into and drives the toothed wheel e on the axis of the

page_text: upper roller b, the toothed wheel e taking into and driving the toothed
wheelf on the axis of the lower roller b. is an endless band
which passes over the lower roller b, and over the roller b². and gives
motion thereto; g, is a toothed wheel fixed on the axis of the roller
62, which takes into and drives a toothed pinion h, fixed on the
axis i, on which is fixed the bevilled pinion, which takes into and
drives the bevilled pinion k, fixed on the axis 7, supported in bearings
as shewn; one end of the axis is connected by a universal joint
to the axis m, which gives motion to the mangle pinion m', and
rack n, affixed to the frame o, which carries the cutting wire, so as
to move it across from side to side of the machine; the frame o'is
supported in bearings o¹, o¹, fixed above and below to the framing
of the machine, and is capable of swinging backwards and for-
wards from time to time after the passage of the wire through the
clay or brick earth, so as to place the wire frame o at such an angle
to the length of the clay as it passes from the rollers, that the wire
in again passing through the clay or brick earth may compensate for
the onward movement of the clay, and thus make a true cut across.
The angle of the frame o is changed after each cut in the following
manner-p,p, are two pins affixed to the framing of the machine;
and o is a bar attached to the frame o. The pins pact as guides to
the wire frame o alternately, according to the direction in which it is
travelling, and when the wire frame has reached the extent of its
motion the parts o³ of the bar o admit of the vulcanized india-rubber
springs of acting to draw the frame to a position contrary to that
which it formerly occupied, there being set screws o³ to regulate the
extent of motion of the frame o. t, is a roller capable of adjustment to
tighten the endless band b. 9, 9, are vertical rollers which serve to
support the clay or brick earth at the time the cut is made, and water
is allowed to drip from the vessel r on to the clay as it passes from the
rollers. s, is a metal washer which serves to smooth and finish the clay
or brick earth in its passage previous to being cut. The bricks, after
being cut, are to be removed by a boy who has boards covered with
moleskin strapped or otherwise fastened on his hands, by which he
takes hold of the ends of the brick and places it on a barrow, and

page_text: another boy having similar boards removes the bricks from the barrow
to the lack.
Figure 5, shows the section of the working parts of a machine
.suitable for making hollow bricks, the construction of which being
similar to that just described it will only be necessary to state that a
core or cores c are fixed within the orifice formed by the four rollers so
as to form a passage or passages through the bricks.
Figure 5 shows a section of apparatus suitable for making a series
of tubes; and Figure 6, is a front view of a pair of rollers constructed
for making four tubes, but this may be varied.
a, a, are a pair of
groovedrollers (covered with porous fabric) fixed in front of the opening
of a pug mill or other expressing machine, so as to form a mouth-
piece or die thereto, and there are cores or mandrils e supported by the
bar e within the grooves of the rollers to form the passages through
the tubes. The rollers a, a, receive motion by the passage of the clay
or brick earth through them; and it will be seen that the rollers are so
constructed as to cause the series of tubes to be connected by a thin
web owing to the intermediate divisions of the grooves of the rollers
being a short distance apart. The tube or tubes are received on to an
endless cloth, and cut into suitable lengths by cutting apparatus, such
as before described, but which I have not thought necessary to show or
further describe.
The Drawing shows cylindrical tubes as being made, but it will be
evident that the form of the grooves and of the mandrils may be varied,
and tubes, tiles, or hollow bricks made thereby.
Having thusdescribed the nature of my Invention, and themaunerof
performing the same, I would have it understood that I make no claim
to any of the parts separately, nor do I confine myself to the details;
and I would state that I am aware that rollers have before been used
for making up parts of a mouth-piece of expressing machinery, but
under different circumstances and in a different combination to whatis
herein described. I do not therefore claim the use of rollers generally
for these purposes.
But what I claim is,-
First, the combination of machinery for making bricks, herein
described.

page_text: And, secondly, the manufacture of tubes, tiles, or bricks by grooved
rollers applied to expressing machinery, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Humphrey Chamberlain, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Eighth day of May,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
four.
Witness,
J. G. TONGUE.
HUMPHREY CHAMBERLAIN. (L.S.)