IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SPINNING WORSTED AND OTHER FIBRES
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Kershaw, of Laister Dyke, near Bradford,
in the County of York, Worsted Spinner, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SPINNING WORSTED
AND OTHER FIBRES."
Sealed the 7th July, 1868, and dated the 18th January 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Kershaw at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 18th January 1868.
I, HENRY KERSHAW, of Laister Dyke, near Bradford, in the County
of York, Worsted Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SPINNING
WORSTED AND OTHER FIBRES," to be as follows:-
During the spinning of worsted or other fibres such fibre is liable
to become broken between the last delivery rollers and the flyers or caps
or bobbins, and it often happens that the end of the broken thread
becomes connected with and wound on the thread from an adjoining
pair of rollers and part double or uneven thread is thereby produced.
The object of my Invention is to remedy this evil. For this purpose

page_text: I apply to one or it may be both of the front or delivery rollers, and
on either or both sides of them, a projection which may have a hooked
end with a knife or saw edge adapted as the roller revolves to cut, or
separate, or draw upon a thread which may have broken and crossed
from such pair of rollers to the thread from an adjoining pair.
To provide for cases where the delivery rollers are near to other of
the rollers behind them, as well as in other cases if desired, I form
the projection or projections to turn upon centres or axes so as to
yield to the pressure of the other roller; springs bring them again into
position for action; or such projections may be formed of or attached
to a spring for like yielding and return.
To protect the loose ends below the top board or guide rail I apply
there a tube or cone surrounding the thread and extending a little below
the spindle top sufficient to prevent other threads from becoming con-
nected with that passing through such tube or cone to the bobbin so as
to produce double; such tubes or cones have each an opening to admit
of "piecing up."
"
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said Henry Kershaw in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 17th July 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
KERSHAW, of Laister Dyke, near Bradford, in the County of York,
Worsted Spinner, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent bearing date the Eighteenth day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Henry Kershaw, Her special licence that
I, the said Henry Kershaw, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Henry Kershaw, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time, and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR

page_text: APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SPINNING WORSTED AND OTHER FIBRES," upon the.
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Henry Kershaw, my executors.
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Kershaw, do hereby declare,
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
During the spinning of worsted or other fibres the fibre under opera-
tion is liable to become broken between the last delivery rollers and the..
flyers or caps or bobbins, and when so broken it often happens that the
end of the broken thread becomes connected with and wound on the.
thread from an adjoining pair of rollers, and what is commonly called.
"double" or uneven thread is thereby produced. The object of my.
Invention is to remedy this evil. For this purpose I apply to one or it.
may be both of the front or delivery rollers, and on either or both
sides of them a projection which may have a hooked end with a knife
or saw edge adapted as the roller revolves to cut, or separate, or draw.
upon a thread which may have broken and crossed from such pair of
rollers to the thread from an adjoining pair of rollers.
To provide for cases where the delivery rollers are near to other of
the rollers behind them, as well as in other cases if desired, I forni
the projection or projections to turn upon centres or axes so as to
yield to the pressure of the other roller; springs bring them again into.
position for action; or such projections may be formed on or attached
to a spring for like yielding and return.
To protect the loose ends below the top board or guide rail I apply.
there a peculiarly formed tube surrounding the thread and extending a
little below the top of the spindle or flyer sufficient to prevent other
threads from becoming connected with that passing through such tube
to the bobbin and thereby producing "double;" or in the event of such
connection of threads taking place to effect a breakage of them by
bringing such broken thread into connection with the top of the spindle
or flyer and thereby preventing "double;" such tubes are cut away in

page_text: to admit of "piecing up."
But that the improvements may be fully understood, I will by the aid
of the accompanying Drawing proceed to describe means pursued by
me in carrying the same into effect.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
a, Figure 1, shows one of the delivery rollers of a spinning frame;
6 shows by outline the upper roller working with such roller a; and c
indicates the top board or guide rail, whilst the red line indicates a
thread passing from between the rollers a, b, through an eye c¹ of the.
top board or guide rail to the top of the spindle, or flyer, or cap, or to
a bobbin; d, e, and f, are projections with hooked ends applied to the
roller a and adapted in the rotation of such rollers to take hold of any
thread which may break between such rollers and the flyer, or cop, or
bobbin, and draw upon it or break it off so soon as such broken thread
may have connected itself with the thread from an adjoining pair of
rollers, and thus prevent the formation of "double;" the hook d is simply
fixed by a set screw d'. The hook e is capable of turning as a lever on
the screw e¹ as an axis, whilst it is borne in the direction desired by the
light spring e. The point es acting against the surface of the boss of
the roller a acts as a stop to prevent the lever catch e being drawn too
far by the spring e³, or there may be other stops applied for that purpose
if desired. The catch fis formed on the end of a spring f. The form
and method of applying these catches as well as the number of them to
each roller may be greatly varied, and the part thereof for acting on a
broken thread to separate it may have a fine or saw edge to facilitate the
separation of the fibre acted upon by it; g is a tube the sides g¹ of which
descend so as to enclose the thread in its passage below the top rail to
the top of the spindle or flyer, whilst the parts g³, g³, are removed to
facilitate "doffing." Figure 2 shows an under side view of a portion of
the rail c with a tube g fixed thereto; Figures 3, 4, and 5 show a plan
view, a back, and a front view of one of the tubes g separately in order
that its form may be better understood; the part g³ is also cut through
to the centre for "piecing up." Figure 6 shows a section of the roller a
with a catch d applied to it. Figure 7 shows a plan view of one of the
-rollers a with a spring catch fapplied to it. Figures 8, 9, and 10 show
separate views of the projections or catches d, e, and f.

page_text: Having thus described my Invention, and means which I adopt in
carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that I do not
confine myself to the precise details indicated as these may be varied
without departing from the peculiar character of the Invention; but
what I do claim is,―
The application of hooked or other projections or cutting or separating
surfaces to the delivery rollers of spinning frames acting in manner and
for the purpose substantially as stated.
Also, I claim the application of tubes g as shown and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Kershaw, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.