IMPROVE- MENTS IN ENGRAVING UPON CRYSTAL, GLASS, AND SILICIOUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet Street,
in the City of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ENGRAVING UPON CRYSTAL, GLASS, AND SILICIOUS SUBSTANCES."-A
communication from abroad by Charles Raphael Maréchal, and Cyprien
Marie Tessie du. Motay, both of Metz, France.
Sealed the 6th July 1865, and dated the 11th January 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald
Brooman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 11th January 1865.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGRAVING UPON CRYSTAL, GLASS, AND SILICIOUS SUBSTANCES,"
to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce engravings by chemical means
upon crystal, glass, and silicious substances by the reaction of hydrochloric
acid upon the hydrofluates (fluorbydrates) of fluorides of ammonium, potassium,
sodium, and lithium. Thus by causing the hydrofluates of fluorides of
ammonium, of potassium, of sodium, or of lithium, to act upon a solution of
hydrochloric acid ou one hand, and anhydrous metallic chlorides upon a mixture

page_text: of hydrofluoric acid and hydrochloric acid on the other hand, I produce
engravings either by means of printed or hand drawn reserves, or by the direct
application of the said mixtures by a pen or brush or like instrument upon
crystal, glass, and other silicious substances. The Inventors have discovered
that, 1st, the action of hydrochloric acid upon the hydrofluates of fluoride
for decomposing these salts and setting the hydrofluoric acid free applies
also to the action of all the mineral and vegetable acids upon the same fluorated
combinations, and to the action of all metalloids and binary bodies capable of
forming with hydrogen hydracids, such as chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyanogen;
2nd, that this action of all mineral and vegetable acids, and of metalloids
and binary bodies, before named, upon hydrofluates of fluorides is more energetic
when these salts are dissolved in water charged with hydrofluoric acid; 3rd,
that the metallic perfluorides upon contact with the acids produce like the
hydrofluates of fluorides engravings upon crystal and glass; 4th, that the
bydrofluates of fluorides, perfluorides, and hydrofluoric acid produce engraving
upon crystal and glass when they are placed in contact with oxysalts, or with
alloidal, alcaline, alcalino-terrous, terrous, or metallic salts, the acid or metal-
loid of which may be entirely or partly removed either by hydrofluoric acid
alone, or by perfluorides and hydrofluates of fluorides dissolved or not in
hydrofluoric acid; 5th, that the protofluorides capable of decomposition by
acids produce though slowly engraving upon crystal or glass when in presence
of two acids, one of which combines with the metal or with the oxide of the
metal, and the other with the hydrofluoric acid, set free; 6th, that this last
action is produced also in a mixture of mineral acids; 7th, that the result
from the facts before set forth is that engraving upon crystal and glass is pro-
duced when the crystal or glass is exposed to the action of a copula or double
acid (couple acide) resulting from the union of non-nascent hydrofluoric acid
with a hydracid or an oxacid in a nascent state and inversely from the union of
chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyanogen, or of an oxacid or of a hydracid non-nascent
with nascent bydrofluoric acid; 8th, that for the practical use of the reactions
above named for producing engraving it is generally advisable that the crystal
or glass to be engraved should be successively and at frequent intervals dipped,
1st, in a mineral or vegetable acid or in one of the before-named metalloids ;
2nd, in any of the before-named acid salts, and so on alternately in the
above order, or in the inverse order until the complete production of the
engraving to be obtained.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Archibald Brooman in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 11th July 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Richard Archibald Brooman, Her special licence that I, the said
Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Richard Archibald Broonan, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therciu expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, aud vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGRAVING UPON CRYSTAL, GLASS,
AND SILICIOUS SUBSTANCES," (communicated to me from abroad by Charles'
Raphael Maréchal and Cyprien Marie Tessie du Motay, both of Metz, France,)
upon the condition (amongst others) that I,the said Richard Archibald Brooman,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
. NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Richard Brooman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
The object of this Invention is to produce engravings by chemical means
upon crystal, glass, and silicious substances by the reaction of hydrochloric
acid upon the hydrofluates (fluorhydrates) of fluorides of ammonium, potassium,
sodium, and lithium. Thus by causing the hydrofluates of fluorides of
ammonium, of potassium, of sodium, or of lithium to act upon a solution of
bydrochloric acid on one hand, and anhydrous metallic chlorides upon a
mixture of hydrofluoric acid and bydrochloric acid on the other haud, I produce

page_text: engravings either by means of printed or hand-drawn reserves, or by the
direct application of the said mixtures by a pen, or brush, or like instrument
upon crystal, glass, and other silicious substances.
The Inventors have discovered that, 1st, the action of hydrochloric acid
upon the hydrofluates of fluoride for decomposing these salts and setting the
hydrofluoric acid free applies also to the action of all the mineral and vegetable
acids upon the same fluorated combinations, and to the action of all metalloids
and binary bodies capable of forming with hydrogen, hydroacids such as
chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyanogen; 2nd, that this action of all mineral and
vegetable acids and of metalloids and binary bodies before named upon
hydrofluates of fluorides is more energetic when these salts are dissolved in
water charged with hydrofluoric acid; 3rd, that the metallic perfluorides
upon contact with the acids produce like the hydrofluates of fluorides, engravings
upon crystal and glass; 4th, that the hydrofluates of fluorides, perfluorides, and
hydrofluoric acid produce engraving upon crystal and glass when they are
placed in contact with oxysalts, or with alloidal, alcaline, alcalino-terrous,
terrous, or metallic salts, the acid or metalloid of which may be entirely or
partly removed, either by hydrofluoric acid alone or by perfluorides and
bydrofluates of fluorides dissolved or not in hydrofluoric acid; 5th, that the
protofluorides capable of decomposition by acids produce, though slowly,
engraving upon crystal or glass when in presence of two acids one of which
combines with the metal or with the oxide of the metal and the other with the
hydrofluoric acid set free; 6th, that this last action is produced also in a
mixture of several acids; 7th, that the result from the facts before set forth
is that engraving upon crystal and glass is produced when the crystal or glass
is exposed to the action of a copula or double acid (couple acide) resulting from
the union of non-nascent bydrofluoric acid with a bydracid or an oxacid in a
nascent state, and inversely from the union of chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyanogen,
or of an oxacid, or of a hydracid non-nascent with nascent hydrofluoric acid;
8th, that for the practical use of the reactions above named for producing
engraving, it is generally advisable that the crystal or glass to be engraved
should be successively and at frequent intervals dipped, 1st, in a mineral or
vegetable acid, or in one of the before-named metalloids; 2nd, in any of the
before-named acid salts, and so on alternately in the above order, or in the
inverse order until the complete production of the engraving to be obtained.
I claim engraving upon crystal, glass, and silicious substances,—
First, by the action of hydrochloric acid upon the hydrofluates of fluorides of
ammonium, potassium, sodium, or lithium, as herein-before described.
Second, by the action of all the mineral and vegetable acids and of the

page_text: metalloids and binary bodies herein-before referred to upon the hydrofluates
of fluorides and metallic perfluorides, dissolved or undissolved in hydrofluoric
acid as herein-before described.
Third, by the action of hydrofluoric acid, perfluorides, and hydrofluates of
fluorides upon alloidal salts and oxysalts the acid of which may be entirely
or partly disengaged by them into the nascent state as herein-before described.
Fourth, by the action of mixed mineral or vegetable acids upon protofluorides
as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of July, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-five.
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