IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF COPIES OF PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES, AND IN SHADING AND COLOURING THE SAME.
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Eastman Palmer, of Stonehouse, in the
County of Devon, Photographer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF COPIES OF PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES, AND IN
SHADING AND COLOURING THE SAME.' S
子
Sealed the 29th April 1878, and dated the 13th November 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Eastman Palmer
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 18th November 1872.
I, JOHN EASTMAN PALMER, of Stonehouse, in the county of Devon,
Photographer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF COPIES OF PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES, AND IN
SHADING AND COLOURING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
--
This Invention consists in certain improved methods of copying
photographic pictures from negatives, and in colouring the copies so
produced, or shading the same in monochrome so as to possess great
softness and artistic effect.

page_text: In the first instance a transparent picture is produced on glass or other
suitable material, and the same is coated with a "matt" varnish, the trans-
parency is then placed against the light, and the outlines of the picture
traced on the varnish with a lead pencil; grey crayon is then rubbed on
the outlines, and the whole placed on drawing paper of the desired grain,
slight pressure being used until the whole of the outlines are marked on the
paper. The shading and colouring are then commenced; crayons, oil, or
water colours, powdered colours, prepared chalk, or other suitable
materials being employed. If crayons are used, and the flesh tints (in
the case of portraits or figure subjects) are to be represented in the
natural colours, the requisite colours are applied with a hog hair brush,
and softened with chamois leather; then taking the lights and shades of
the photograph as a guide, the back ground and accessories are proceeded
with. Great nicety of touch is not necessary, as the matt varnish acts
as the softener.
The
crayons used are such as will be well known to persons conversant
with such operations.
If clear varnish should be preferred to the matt varnish, Reigate silver
sand, or Calais sand, or similar substances is or are use to assist in the
distribution of the colours, but should not be pressed so hard as to abrade
the surface of the paper, as a grain of a very artistic quality is produced
by that of the drawing paper alone. Similar effects are produced by the
use of oil or water colours.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Eastman Palmer in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 13th May 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
EASTMAN PALMER, of Stonehouse, in the County of Devon, Photographer, 3
send greeting.

page_text: year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and succes-
sors, give and grant unto me, the said John Eastman Palmer, Her special
licence that I, the said John Eastman Palmer, my executors, ad-
5 ministrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Eastman
Palmer, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF COPIES OF PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES,
AND IN SHADING AND COLOURING THE SAME," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said John Eastman Palmer, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Eastman Palmer, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement, that is to say :-
My said Invention consists in certain improved methods of copying
photographic pictures from negatives, and in colouring the copies so pro-
duced in oil or water colors or shading the same in monochrome so as to
possess great softness and artistic effect.
In the first instance a transparent picture is obtained of the original
size of the negative, or enlarged to any desired dimensions on glass or
other suitable material, and the same. is coated with a "matt" varnish.
The transparency is then placed against the light, with a sheet of tracing
paper covering the same, and the outlines of the picture traced on the
said paper with a lead pencil. The tracing paper is then placed with
the pencil marks against the glass, and the pencil marks retraced with
the lead pencil on the other side of the paper; gray crayon is then
rubbed on the outlines on the side first traced, and the whole placed on
drawing paper of the desired grain, slight pressure being used by a
poncil or other instrument over the outlines until the whole of the

page_text: 1
outlines are marked on the paper. The shading and colouring are then
commenced; crayons, oil, or water colours, powder colours, prepared
chalk, or other suitable materials being employed on the said paper as a
packing, and placed against the photographic transparency, thus
forming by its combination a fine artistic effect; nicety of touch in
applying the aforesaid materials is not necessary as the matt varnish acts
as the softener.
If clear varnish should be preferred to the matt varnish, Reigate silver
sand, or Calais sand, or some similar substance or substances is or are
used to assist in the distribution of the crayon or powder colours, but
should not be pressed so hard as to abrade the surface of the paper, as a
grain of a very artistic quality is produced by that of the drawing paper
alone:
For the further carrying out of my Invention I use photographs for
the backings of the said transparencies, my mode of proceeding being to
make designs in artistic shaded effects, in oil, water colour, pencil, steel, or
zinc engraving, or stone in stipple, etching, fine grain, landscapes,
interiors, and other suitable designs on canvas, paper, or other material,
making photographic copies of the same on albumenized or plain paper,
or other suitable material, leaving a white centre suitable to receive the
photographic transparency, and softening and blending the photographic
design into the edges of the said transparency by means of the aforesaid
crayons, powder colour, oil or water colors, giving an effect similar to that
produced in the ordinary way by double photographic printing. In the
case of albumenized paper being used I float the same with the matt
varnish, making thereby an easy surface to receive the colours, and on
the photographic designs on plain paper, if to be in oil color, I prepare
the paper to receive the same with size in the usual way:
Having thus declared and ascertained the nature of my said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I would observe in con-
clusion that what I consider novel and original, and therefore claim as
constituting the Invention secured to me by the said herein-before in
part recited Letters Patent are,—
First. The combination of a photographic transparency with or
without matt varnish, with a backing on paper or other material with
effects produced on the said backing, substantially as herein-before
described and set forth.

page_text: And secondly. The combination and backing up of photographic trans-
parencies, with photographic designs, and blending the same to produce
a perfect appearance to the eye, substantially as herein-before described
and set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Eastman Palmer, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of May, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
three.