IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WARMING OR HEATING THE ATMOSPHERA THE BOOKS OR IN OTHER SITUATIONS OR PLACES.”
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Edwin Harrison, of South Kensington,
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WARMING OR HEATING THE ATMOSPHERA
THE BOOKS OR IN OTHER SITUATIONS OR PLACES.”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Edwin
Harrison at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 20th November 1872.
I, CHARLES EDWIN HARRISON, of South Kensington, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WARMING OR HEATING THE
ATMOSPHERE IN Rooma, OR IN OTHER SITUATIONS OR PLACES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to or consists in improved apparatus for
"warming or heating the atmosphere of rooms, or in other situations by
the combustion of gas.
My.apparatus in a simple form is as follows:-I take a vertical tube
made of any suitable material, but by preference of sheet iron, and
concentrically within the same place another tube also made of any

page_text: suitable material, but by preference of earthenware. The outer of these
tubes is closed both at top and bottom, except as herein-after described,
and the inner tube is left open at both ends for the free circulation
therethrough of the atmosphere to be heated, in order to facilitate
which the whole apparatus is raised some distance from the ground on
suitable feet. A valve is also provided in the inner tube, so that when
required it may be closed within and near the bottom of the outer tube,
and consequently surrounding the inner tube is fixed a ring burner or
ring of tube perforated on its upper surface for the exit of the gas to
be ignited, such ring burner being in communication with any suitable
source of gas supply by means of a tube passing through the outer
vertical tube. The bottom of the outer tube, and the lower portion of
its exterior surface are perforated with holes of any required number
and size for the admission of air to the gas in combustion, whilst the
upper end of the said outer tube is made to communicate with an
ordinary flue, or other suitable source for the exit or carrying away of
the products of combustion.
The action of this apparatus is as follows:-The gas being turned on
and lighted the products from the combustion thereof are carried off by
the way indicated, whilst the heat is on the one hand communicated to
the outer tube, and radiated into the surrounding atmosphere, and on
the other hand to the inner tube, thereby heating and rarefying the
atmosphere therein which consequently rises, and is replaced by fresh
air, thus causing a constant and rapid circulation of the atmosphere, and
providing an efficient means of rapidly heating it.
The said inner tube may be extended to any height so as even to be
carried from one room into another, and any number of these apparatus
may be used in combination.
.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Edwin Harrison in the Great Seal 30
Patent Office on the 20th May 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
EDWIN HARRISON, of South Kensington, in the County of Middlesex,
• Gentleman, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Charles Edwin Harrison, Her
special license that I, the said Charles Edwin Harrison, my execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles
Edwin Harrison, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should.
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WARMING OR HEATING THE
ATMOSPHERE IN ROOMS, OR IN OTHER SITUATIONS OR PLACES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles Edwin Harrison,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Edwin Harrison, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :—
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for warming or
heating the atmosphere of rooms, or in other situations or places by the
combustion of gas.
And in order that my Invention may be already understood and
readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the same with the
aid of the accompanying Drawings, reference being had to the letters
and figures marked thereon, and in which Figure 1 and 6 are elevations
of my improved apparatus; Figure 2, a vertical section taken on the
centre line; Figure 3, a sectional plan taken at the line a, b, Figure 2;
and Figures 4 and 5, plans. In each Figure the same letter of reference
whenever it occurs occurs_indicates like or corresponding parts.

page_text: I take a vertical tube or outer casing (A), and concentrically within
the same place another tube (B), of such size as to leave an annular
space between the two. These tubes may be made of iron, earthenware,
terra cotta, or other suitable material. In the form shewn in the
Drawings they are intended to be made of earthenware or terra cotta, {
and are both moulded in one piece, the point of union at their upper
ends closing in the outer tube, the purpose for which this is done being
herein-after described. At the lower end of the said annular space
between the two tubes I place a ring burner (C) or series of burners
forming a ring, which burner or series of burners is made to com-
municate with any suitable and convenient source of gas supply, the
entrance of the gas being regulated or shut off as required by a suitable
cock (D). The whole apparatus is raised some distance from the ground
on a suitable stand (E) so as to allow of the free passage of air to the
under side of the tubes, the lower ends of which are left open or
perforated for the admission thereof. The action is as follows:―The
gas having been turned on it is ignited at the burners (C), and thus the
combustion of the gas takes place within the said annular space, the
products of combustion being led away by a flue (F) leading from the
outer casing. This flue may be attached as shewn in the Drawings, or
by any other suitable means.
The heat from the combustion of the gas is communicated on the one
hand to the outer tube, and thence by radiation to the surrounding
atmosphere, and on the other hand to the inner tube, the air in the
interior of which thus becomes quickly heated without having mixed
with it any of the products of the combustion of the gas, which if
allowed to escape into the atmosphere of a room would prove injurious
to health. The air thus heated and rarified in the interior of the inner
tube quickly rises therein and passes out of the upper end into the
surrounding atmosphere, and as it thus leaves the tube is replaced by
fresh air, which in its turn is quickly heated and rises to be replaced by
the cooler air entering at the bottom of the tube. Thus a constant
circulation of air through the inner tube is secured, and so also a
constant stream or supply of warm or heated air. The action of the
apparatus is thus twofold as it heats both by radiation and circulation.
Instead of terminating the inner tube (B) at its upper end at or about
the height of the outer tube (A, it may be carried to any height
desired so that it may be made to deliver the stream of warm or heated

page_text: air at or near the ceiling of the room in which the apparatus may. be
in use, or it may be turned over after passing the top of the outer tube
and carried down nearly to the floor, so as to deliver the warm air at a
low level. Or it may be carried round the room, or from one room into
another, passing either round the walls or under the floors, or otherwise,
so as to what in its passage by radiation and at suitable intervals or at its
extremity by the exit of the heated air.
•
J.,
|:-
Figure 6 of the accompanying Drawings: illustrates an apparatus in
which the inner tube (B) is caused into the room above through the
ceiling (G) of the lower room and the floor (H) of the tipper room.
The end of the tube projecting into the upper room is covered by an
órnamental cap of terra cotta perforated" to "allow of the passage of the
warm or heated air into the room. The pipe (F) for conveying away
the products of combustion from the outer tube (A) may also be
carried through rooms, either round the walls or under the floors, or
otherwise, so that the heat of the gases passing through it may be
utilized by radiation.
In order to prevent the circulation of air through the inner tube (B)
when desired, I provide a simple means whereby it may be closed at
such times. In the form of apparatus illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings by Figures 1 to 5 this tube (B) is capped by a bell-shaped
lid (I), the end of the tube being made to fit into and against its inner
surface. This cap is slotted radially all round, and the end of the said
tube (B) fitting into the cap has in it similar slots, so that when the
slots in the end of the tube are in positions corresponding with those in
the cap there is a free passage for the heated air. If however this cap
be turned round sufficiently to bring the blank portions of it between
the slots over the slots in the end of the said tube (B) then the passage
for the heated air is olosed. This cap is illustrated in plan in Figures 4
and 5, Figure 5 shewing the slot in the end of the said tube (B) un-
covered, and therefore the passage for the heated air open, and Figure 4
shewing the passage closed. In the form of apparatus illustrated by
Figure 6 the passage up the said tube (B) is opened or closed as required
by a throttle valve (J) which is set at any desired angle by a handle
attached to its spindle.
The burners placed round the lower end of the said annular space for
the purpose above described may be of any suitable description as no
particular construction of burner is claimed by me.

page_text: It will be obvious that any number of the above described apparatus
may be used in combination, and thus may be formed into large and
powerful heating stoves.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of this
my said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to or may be
performed, I claim as my Invention to be secured by the herein-before
in part recited Letters Patent the improved apparatus set forth and
described, and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Edwin Harrison, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of May,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
three.