IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1851

page_text: COLLIER'S SPECIFICATION. AND J. J. & F. CROSSLEY'S
DISCLAIMER.
SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
COLLIER, of Halifax, in the County of York, Mechanic, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most. Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by
Her Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Thirty-
first day of December, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one, in the
fifteenth year of Ier reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said George Collier, my exors, adiiors, and assigns,
Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the
said George Collier, my exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said George Collier, my exors, adiiors, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of
years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England; Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS AND OTHER
FABRICS," partly communicated to me and partly invented by myself; in which
said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that 1, the said George Collier,
shall cause a particular description of the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery

page_text: within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said.
in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being
thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
George Collier, do hereby declare that the nature of the said. Invention, and
the manner in which the same is carried into effect, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference being had to
the various Sheets of Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and
letters marked thereon, that is to say:-
The Invention relates,-
First, to combining apparatus to facilitate the introduction of wires for
producing looped or terry weaving by power, in the manufacture of carpets
and other fabrics.
Secondly, the Invention relates to combining apparatus in connection with
looms constructed to weave carpets and other fabrics with cut or velvet pile.
Thirdly, the Invention relates to combining apparatus in connection with
looms, in order to facilitate the introduction of wires for weaving carpets and
other fabrics with terry pile by power.
Fourthly, the Invention relates to various improvements in connection with
looms, for the production of what are known as Brussels carpets and other
liko piled fabrics; and also to the Jacquard apparatus employed in combina-
tion with looms for producing such fabrics.
Fifthly, the Invention relates to apparatus for cutting the pile of carpets
and other fabrics, to produce cut or velvet pile.
Sixthly, the Invention relates to apparatus employed in winding and doubling
yarns, to be used in weaving carpets and other fabrics.
In order that the Invention may be fully understood, I will proceed, to
describe the Drawings hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS A.
This part of the Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for which
Letters Patent were granted to Joseph Crossley in connection with myself and
James Hudson, dated the Twenty-eighth day of September, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty, and I have only shown so much of the loom described
in the Specification in connection with that Patent as will serve to make the
present improvements intelligible to a person acquainted with this class of
machinery. Like parts shewn in the present Drawings are lettered with the
same letters of reference adopted in that Specification, in order to assist in
comparing the two.

page_text: In the said former Specification, the wire, after being drawn out of the
fabric, was introduced into the shed by means of apparatus i, j, aided by an
instrument, and the wires were laid on to and supported by wires or
threads n, in order to their being correctly placed in the shed. Now this part
of the present improvements consists in substituting for such supporting wires
or threads instruments A, B, whieh, when a wire is about to be introduced,
and until such wire is fairly in the shed, are caused to be in contact with the
reed, as shown, and the wire is first introduced through the bell mouth A¹ of
the instrument A, by which it is guided so as to pass successively through the
openings B formed in each of, the instruments B. When the wire for the
time being introduced is fairly in the shed it is released from the instrument i,
as described in the said former Specification. The instruments A, B, are then
moved so as to be free from the reed, as shewn by red lines in some of the
views of these Drawings, and at such time the instruments C at its lower end
moves towards the reed, and thereby throws the wire out from the openings
in the instruments A, 13, to rest upon the back or body warps. The wire is
then kept correctly in its place in the shed by means of the guide plates p, as
described in the said former Specification. The instruments A, B, are affixed
to an axis D, which is supported in bearings carried by the upper part of the
batten, as shown, so as to move with it, and thus, when the beat up takes
place, they are entirely free from any of the threads composing the warp, and
the instruments B are formed with comparative sharp-edges, so as to facilitate
their entrance between the different threads constituting the pile warp. The
required movement is given to the instruments A, B, so as to bring them into
contact with, and then to cause them to recede from the reed, as above
described, by means of the cam E affixed on the cam or tappet shaft. Such
cam E actuates the lever F, which turns upon a pin at F', and, by means of
a connecting rod G, gives motion to the arm D' affixed to the axis D. The
instrument C is carried by a pin C' projecting from the bracket C carried by
the upper part of the batten; and the instrument C has a slot hole formed in
it, as shewn, to receive the pin A projecting from the upper part of the
instrument A. by which the requisite movement will be given to the instru
ment C in the movement of the instruments A, B. The instrument C also
carries a rotary oiling brush H, as shewn, for oiling wires as they are intro-
duced to the shed. The wires are withdrawn by a hook similar to what was
described in the said former Specification. The mode of actuating such hook,
however, is different, but will be found more fully described in the description
of Drawings B. The wires, when withdrawn from the fabric by the hook j,
are each at the left-hand end, supported by the instrument 7, and by
O

page_text: it lifted into position to have that end of the wire conducted into the
instruments A, B, in a similar manner to what was described in the said
former Specification, except that in this case the instrument is formed into a
fork to support the wire in place of being in two parts, as formerly described,
and in the wire being thus carried to the instruments A, B, it is prevented 5
I would state
springing out of the instrument by means of the guide z.
that I am aware that it has before been proposed to use instruments
introduced from above, through the terry warp, as supports to aid in
introducing and supporting wires when weaving like classes of fabrics, and
I mention this circumstance in order that it may be understood that this part
of the present improvements consists of the mode of combining and applying
apparatus A, B, and parts connected therewith, as described.
I will now describe the second part of the Invention, shown by Drawings B,
and as the nature of each of the views shown by these Drawings is written
thercon, I have not thought it necessary to repeat the same here. And
I would state that in this case, as in illustrating other parts of the present
improvements, I have not thought it necessary to shew the looms entire, but
only such parts as will serve to make the various improvements clear and
intelligible to a workman acquainted with weaving machinery; the wires used
are very similar to those shewn and described in the said former Specification,
except that they are formed with a knife edge near one end, as shewn by the
separate view, Figure 1 of these Drawings B, and the end of the wire is
turned over so as to facilitate its passage correctly through the shed and
prevent the knife edge coming in contact with the pile warp whilst passing
into the shed, which, when driving the looms by power, forms a very important
part of the present improvements; and I would state that I do not confine
myself to the precise way shown of forming the turned up end of the wire, as
the same may be varied, and I sometimes form it as shown by the dotted lines
in the Figure 1 before referred to, by which it will be seen the knife edge will
be entirely covered, so as to protect the warp from the knife during the
The wires a are introduced by
passage of the wires into the shed.
means of the instrument which is formed in two parts b, b', so as to
take hold of and for the time to hold the head a of the wire a; for
this purpose the part is capable of sliding, as shown on the part b
and is constantly borne in one direction, with a tendency to hold the
head a of the wire a by means of a spring ; the part b is affixed to the
slide, which is carried by the bar or rail c affixed to the arms c, c
suspended from the axis c', by which the slide may be brought into position
to introduce a wire, and also into position to take a wire withdrawn by its hool

page_text: from the fabric ready for its reintroduction. These Drawings show a wire to
have been introduced, a beat up to have taken place, and a shoot of weft to
have been just thrown in (forming a back shot), then another beat up takes
place, during all which time the wire is held correctly upright between the
warps by the instrument b, and thus it will be seen that each wire is held
securely with its knife edge upwards until it is firmly tied in by the weft, by
which it will be prevented falling either way, and a clean vertical cut of the
pile is insured, which is an important part of the Invention when using several
wires (having a flat, round, or oval section, with cutting edges) in looms
driven by power, and where the wires are not permanently affixed to the
instrument or instruments which insert them into the fabric; so soon as the
second beat up takes place, the wire will be sufficiently tied in to admit of tho
instrument 6 being withdrawn, in doing which the tension of the spring will
be overcome and the head of the wire will be released: The slide will then
be drawn towards the right-hand end of the rail c, and that rail will be brought
by means of its arms c', c³, more towards the front of the loom, so that when the
instrument is near the right-hand end of the rail c, it may be in position to
receive a fresh wire drawn out by the hook j, hereafter described. These
movements are accomplished in the following manner:-Upon the main or crank
shaft e, which is driven by means of a band or strap from a steam engine or other
power acting upon the drum or pully e, fiixed upon that shaft, is affixed a
bevilled pinion e, which takes into and drives the bevilled pinion e
upon the
shaft or axis e, upon which is fixed the plate e', having a cam course f
formed thereon, which receives the truck or roller f carried by the lever f
which turns upon the pin f carried by the framing, and at its upper end is
connected to one end of the rod, the other end of which is connected, as
shewn, to the lever f, and this lever at its upper end turns upon a pin pro-
jecting from an arm c' carried by the axis c', so as to move with that axis
and the arms c', and at its lower end the lever f.is formed into a slot
to receive a pin projecting from the slide 3. is a cam affixed to a hollow
axle h carried by the tappet shaft, but which does not revolve at the same
speed as the tappet shaft. The axle h receives motion by means of the
pinion 'affixed on the crank shaft taking into the toothed wheel he affixed
on the hollow cam shaft h. The cam g acts upon the truck or roller gl
carried by the lower end of the lever g, which turns upon a fixed shaft g³, and
the upper end of the lever g, by means of the connecting rod g, is connected
to a stud 9 projecting from the arm c'.. By these means it will be seen the
required movements will be obtained in order to bring the instrument & into
position to take a fresh wire, then to insert that wire, and then to hold that

page_text: wire in the shed till tied in by a sufficient amount of weft, when it will leave
the wire thus introduced, and again come into position to receive another wire.
9, 9, are stops to the frames c'. The wires are separately withdrawn from
the fabric by means of a hook, which acts upon the head of the wire in like
manner to what was described in respect of the hooks in the Specification
before referred to. In this case, as is also the case in respect of the hook
shewn in Drawings A of the present Specification, the hook for withdrawing
the wire is affixed to the slide j', which is capable of sliding on the bar je.
The slide is, moved to and fro by means of the crank pin carried by the
plate, such crank pin. being connected by means of the link to the
lever, which at its lower end turns upon the pin jo, and at its upper end by
a link is connected to the slide j', and the movement of the hook is so
regulated that it takes the head of each wire into the carrier instrument b
just when that instrument has come into position to receive it; and as the wire
is drawn out from the fabric its left-hand end is received by the forked end k
of the upright lever ; and to ensure the wire going correctly into that forked
end there is a spring 1, against which the end of the wire bears after it has
been withdrawn from the fabric. The fork then moves backward, carrying
with it one end of the wire into position to conduct the wire into the shed,
as shown by other of the Figures of these Drawings, and when the wire is
partly in the shed and is being supported by the back warps, the fork k
descends and comes forward to be ready to receive another wire. The move-
ments of the lever are governed by means of the cams, 1.
acts upon the truck or roller / carried by one end of the lever k,
upon the pin, and at the other end supports the lower end of the lever k',
by which the lifting movement, of that lever ' is effected; and the cam * acts
upon the truck or roller carried by the lever 1, which turns upon the
axis g³, and the lever is connected by means of the rod to the lever k', by
which the requisite to and fro movements are obtained to the fork formed
on the end of that lever. m is a brush for oiling the wires as they are
withdrawn from the fabric.
bearings, as shown.
The
cam 12
which turns
This brush is affixed to an axis m' carried by
Upon the axis m³ is affixed a ratchet wheel m², which
cach time the carrier comes to take a fresh wire, is acted upon by the
driver m³ to move the brush a part of a revolution, and the brush is prevented
returning by means of the spring stop m'. is a guard which has a groove
cut along its under side, which serves to protect the knife, as also by
embracing the turned up end of the wire as the wire passes through it to
guide the wire, and thereby insure its making a vertical cut; the left-hand end
of this opening formed in the under side of the bar is bell-mouthed, to

page_text: facilitate the entrance of the turned up end of the wire into the groove.
This bar is affixed to the upper end of the lever arms n', one of which by
a suitable projection presses against the wire last left in, by which the
position of the bar n is regulated to be wit the wire next to be withdrawn.
The armis mu turn upon centres 22, and are weighted at their lower ends by
means of the weights as shown. The shaft h and also the shaft e' are caused
to revolve at one third the speed of the crank shaft, whilst the shaft o which
carries the tappets for working the picker levers makes but one revolution to
two of the crank shaft, by which, in this case, when making cut pile fabrics,
three picks will take place between the insertion of cach wire; that is, one
simultaneously with the insertion of the wire, and which will lay a weft
between the two back warps or chains, the next pick will lay a weft over the
worsted pile warp, and the third will also be over the worsted or pile warps,
but through a different opening of the linen warp or chain. The tappet shaft
for working the heddles or harness is caused to make but one revolution to
six revolutions of the crank shaft; I would, however, state, that whilst I have
mentioned this as the order of effecting the picking of the shuttle which I
ordinarily employ, I do not confine myself to it, as variations may be made,
and in some cases I only employ two picks between each insertion of wire
when making cut or velvet pile, all which will be readily understood by
persons accustomed to weaving. 0, 0, are the selvage warps on each side of
the fabric, and which pass through eyes carried by the cords o', o', which are
at their upper ends connected to the lever o; 'but in order that these selvedge
threads may rise and fall simultaneously, one of the cords of passes over a
guide pulley o, as shewn. The lever of is actuated by a cam of, by that cam
acting upon the lever o, which by means of a connecting rod o is connected
to one end of the lever o. The selvedge threads are fed from bobbins o, one
(or there may be more than one) at each side of the loom, and the letting off
from these bobbins is effected in the following manner :-On the rim of each
bobbin is a series of pins which come against a projection on the inside of the
lever ; the thread o in passing from the bobbin passes under the weighted
pulley o?, which has a pin o¹ projecting upwards; and as the thread is used
up it raises the weighted pulley o' till the projecting pin o" comes in contact
with the lever 0%, and raises it so that it releases one or more of the pins in
the side of the bobbin, and the weight o causes the bobbins to give off a
quantity of selvedge warp.
I would remark that I am aware that it has before been proposed to use
wires with cutting edges when weaving cut pile fabrics, I do not therefore
claim to do so generally, this part of the Invention having for its object the

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS C.
The wire in this caso is withdrawn from the fabric by means of a hook, in
like manner to what has been already described, and the head of the wire is
received into an instrument b, similar in principle though somewhat different
in form from what has just been described in respect of Drawings B, and the
slide in this case is carried by a bar c affixed to arms c', c, which with the
Jevers for actuating the instrument b, so as to take the wire drawn out by the
hook and with the fork to bring it into a position to be inserted into the
shed, are similar in construction and mode of action to those parts described in
respect of Drawings. B, and are marked with the same letters of reference, the
principal variation being in the cams 1, 3, which are separately shewn; and
the cams in this case when making uncut pile fabric are affixed on the tappet
shaft, which with the shaft c' take but one revolution to two of the crank
shaft, but this may be varied according to the quantity of weft desired to be
put in, and the wires are each guided through the shed by instruments A, B,
which are very similar, and are used for a like purpose to those described in
Drawings A, but in this case they are each formed in two parts A, A, B, B.
The parts A, B, are affixed to the bar C, and the parts A2, B2, are affixed to
the shaft D, which is supported in bearings carried by the bar C. The parts
A, A, B1, B2, are formed with comparatively sharp ends to facilitate their
movement in between the pile warps, in which position the parts A¹, A, B1, B²,
are closed, so as to form guides or holders for the wire. When the wire
is correctly in the shed, and the batten is coming forward to effect a beat up,
the instruments A, B, recede towards the front of the loom, and in such
movement the truck D' carried by the arm D affixed to the axis D acts
against the surface of the guides E, causing the parts A2, B2, to open, when
the wire will fall on to the warp, except that its head will remain in the
instrument b, which will at the same time be actuated so as to bring the wire
close up to those last inserted for the beat up; the bar C is carried by arms
C' affixed to the shaft C2, which turns in bearings carried by the framing of
the loom, and the shaft is actuated so as to take the instruments A, B, into and
out from the shed by means of the cam C³ acting upon the lever C, which by

page_text: means of the link C is connected to the arm C affixed to the shaft C:
At the same time there are other instruments F, F, which come forward and
press against the wire last put in, and hold it whilst the beat up takes placo
and the instrument & leaves that wire, and until weft is thrown in to tie in tho
wire; these instruments F, F are very important in all cases whero only two
shoots of weft are thrown in after each putting in of wire. The instrument
F has a pin point affixed to it which goes into the eye or loop of the wire, and
prevents its being drawn out when the instrument leaves it. The instru-
ments F, F, are carried by rods G, which are each guided by passing through
guides G carried by the framing of the loom, and they are actuated by levers
G which turn upon the shaft g and are actuated by cams II.
I would here remark that although in each of the above arrangements
shewn and described in respect of Drawings A, B, and C, I have shewn the
whole of the pile warp as plain or party colored and drawn from one beam,
the arrangements are equally applicable when a pattern is obtained by a
selection of Jacquard acting upon a series of different colored warps, as in the
production of what is commonly called "Brussels pile" and such like fabrics,
and when the pile warp obtained from a series of warp beams or bobbins.
I will now describe the fourth part of the Invention.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS D.
'
Figure 4 is a plan of the
Figure 5 is a back view of
Figure 1 is a front elevation of the looni. Figure 2 is an end elevation of
the right-hand end when standing in front of the loom. Figure 3 is a vertical
section taken at the red line A, B, on. Figure 1.
breast beam, with the cutting apparatus attached.
the same; and Figures 6 and 7 are vertical sections of the breast beam;
Figure 6 being taken on the red line C, D, on Figure 4; and Figure 7 on
the line E, F. Figures 8 and 9 are detached parts, shewing the application
of the brake. Figures 10, 11, and 12 represent the cutting knife and guide.
Figure 13 is a detached view of the hook for holding the wires in an upright
position. Figures 14, 15, and 16 are longitudinal sections of the cloth.
Figure 17 is a view of a wire heddle.
In Figures 1, 2, and 3, the upper part of the Drawings represent the
Jacquard machine and the lower part the power loom. There are many parts
essential to a complete loom; and used by me in carrying out this part of the
Invention, which are not represented in the Drawings; but as they have for
the most part been described either in the Specification of a Patent granted to
Erastus Bigelow, dated March 11th, 1846, or in the Specification of a Patent
granted to Alfred Vincent Newton, dated January 30th, 1851, I shall confine

page_text: this present description principally to such parts as are necessary to mustrate
and exemplify the present improvements.
The Jacquard machine or apparatus may be supported by beans connected
with the mill in which the looms are placed, as represented in the Drawings,
or it may be supported by the loom frame. As the Jacquard machine in
itself considered constitutes no part of the improvements in question, except
so far as its action is rendered peculiar by its connection with the power loom
for weaving terry or pile fabrics, I do not deem it necessary to describe it
further than to designate its several parts by letters of reference. (a, a, a,)
represents the frame of the Jacquard machine; (b) the card, polygon, or
barrel; (c, c, c,) the needles; (d, d, d,) the knot cords; (e) the suspension
board, (f) the trap board, and (g) the board which guides the knot cords;
(h) is a rack shaft for working the trap board (f) through the action of the
levers (i, i, i,) and their respective bars (j,j,j); (k) is a lever extending
from the rock shaft. (h) opposite to the levers (i, i, i,) and receives motion from
the loom in manner herein-after to be described; (1, 1,) are guide stands which
rest upon the mill beams (m, m,) and guide the Jacquard machine as it is
elevated and depressed to adapt the harness to the loom. In Jacquard power
looms it is necessary, in order to bring the warps to a proper angle with
respect to the shuttle race, that the harness be properly adjusted relative
thereto; and as atmospheric changes and other causes sometimes render
frequent adjustment necessary, I employ the cams (n, n, n, n,) to facilitate
the operation, one of which is placed under each foot of the machine, while
The
all of them are moved simultaneously by turning the hand-wheel (o)..
cams (n, n,) are affixed in pairs to their respective shafts (p, p,) which turn on
bearings in the guide stands (1, 2); the cogged wheels (7. 2.) on the shafts (p,p.)
are actuated by their respective endless screws (r, r,) on the shaft (s), to which
the hand wheel (o) is aflixed. From this description it will be obvious that
the weaver, by turning the hand-wheel (0), can elevate or depress the Jacquard
machine at pleasure according to the direction in which he turns it. The
knot or harness cords (d, d, a,) are lifted, when required, by the action of the
trap board (f) acting on the knots (t, t, t,) in the usual way. As a matter
of convenience in mounting the loom, I make the knot or harness cords
(d, d, d,) long enough to form the neck of the harness and extend them down-
wards through holes in the moveable comber board (u) to the wire leddles or
harness, which relate to the first improvement, to be described under this head
of the Invention. Before proceeding, however, to describe this improvement,
I will explain the office of the moveable comber board (u). In weaving
terry fabrics by the Jacquard power loom, such for example as Brussels

page_text: carpets, several frames or sets of worsted threads are employed to form the
cloth, which all require to be raised at a certain stage of the operation to formi
the shed for the introduction of the back shot of filling. This was formerly
done by a leaf of heddles placed in front of the Jacquard harness, while the
comber board was made stationary and the Jacquard harness and weights
remained at rest. It was found, however, in the working of the power loom
that the leaf of heddles just mentioned so confined the action of the worsted
threads as to interfere with the "clearing of the warps," an operation well
known to weavers as being difficult to achieve. To facilitate, therefore, in
clearing the warps, the said leaf of heddles was dispensed with, and the
comber board (u) made moveable in such a manner as to raise the worsted
warps for the purposes in question, by lifting the Jacquard harness and weights.
To work Brussels carpets and such like fabrics to the best advantage by the
power loom, the warps are necessarily maintained at a greater degree of
tension than in hand looms, which increased tension requires a corresponding
increase of the size of the weights on the harness. The effect of this increased
tension of the warps (especially of the linen warp) and increased weight on
the harness, when operated rapidly as in the power loom, is to cause on that
portion of the Jacquard harness immediately connected with the weights and
mails so much wear and tear, that when this is made of twine with mails in
the ordinary way it will endure but for a comparatively short time. The wear
and tear of this portion of the harness is also increased by employing it to raise
the worsted warps through the action of the moveable comber board (u), as
above described. To increase the durability of this portion of the Jacquard
harness and to cause it to pass more freely through the warps,. I employ in
combination with the moveable comber board (u), wire heddles (v, v, v,) instead
of the common mail and twine as heretofore used; and it is the adaptation
and embination of such wire heddles or harness, when Jacquard apparatus
is employed in working such looms, which forms an important part of the
present improvement; one of these heddles is represented half size in Figure
17 with the weight (w) attached. These heddles may be made of wire twisted
together, or of metal in any convenient form, but the mode of making them
represented in the Drawings is the one which I have found to answer best in prac-
tice. They are composed of two pieces of wire, one for the upper and one for
the lower part of the heddle. The wire which is to form the upper part of the
heddle is bent at the middle of it round a pin of the required shape to form the
eye (a) for the yarn to pass through, then the two ends are twisted together and
bent round another pin to form the eye (y) to receive the knot cord from the
Jacquard machine, as represented in Figure 17; the wire which is to form the

page_text: lower part of the heddle is put half its length through the eye (a) when formed,
as above described; then the two ends are brought together and put through
the hole in the harness weight (w), bent up and twisted in the same manner
as the first part, which completes a heddle for use. In mounting the loom
the knot or harness cords (d, d, d,) are passed down through their respective
holes in the comber board (u) through the upper eyes (y, y, y,) of their
respective heddles (v, v, v,) then back through the same hole in the comber
board (,) and tied in knots (,,,) as represented in Figure 1. When the
comber board (u) is elevated, the knots (z, z, z.) rest upon it and lift the
heddles and harness weights for the purpose above stated; but at other times
the knot cords (d, d, d,) move freely through their respective holes. This
mode of forming the heddles or harness to the Jacquard, by the use of wire
for that purpose, is also applicable to leaves of heddles; and the application of
such wire heddles to leaves of heddles used in the manufacture of carpets
and other pile fabrics by power, when Jacquard or pattern surface is employed
to work the pile warp, constitutes another feature of the Invention.
Another improvement under this part of the Invention relates to the
time of raising the trap board of the Jacquard machine relatively to the
comber board, and will be understood as follows:-To the proper working
of a Jacquard machine, which contains knot or harness cords, it is essential
that the said knot or harness cords be in a state of tension, that is, the harness
weights acting upon them when the trap board is clevated to trap the knots.
Therefore, in Jacquard power looms, with knot or harness cords for weaving
terry fabrics, and which raise the harness weights and heddles by the tomber
board, the motion of the trap board of the Jacquard, and the comber board of
the loom, should be such with respect to each other as to elevate the trap board
to trap the knot or harness cords to select and raise the terry or figuring warp
before the comber board is elevated to raise the harness weights and heddles.
The operation of these parts will be better understood after a description of
the principal parts of the power loom. (a', a', a',) represent the frame of the
loom. (b) the fast driving pulley, and (c) the loose pulley. (d) is a pinion
on the shaft with the driving pulleys (b' and c',) which engages with the
cogged wheel (e) on the lathe shaft (f.) (g', g',) represent the swords of
the lathe, and (') the race beam, and (¹) the reed cap. (¹) represents 'a¨
cogged wheel on the lathe shaft (f',) which engages with and turns the cog
wheel (¹) on the cam shaft (.) The cogged wheel (j') and cogged wheel
() are in the proportion of three of the former to one of the latter. (m', m³,)
represent cams, one on either side of the loom, for elevating the comber
board (u) before mentioned. The cams (m³, m',) act upon cam rollers (o', o',)

page_text: on the sides of their respective treadles (n',.n); the back ends of the treadles
(n, n,) vibrate on their respective stud pins (p', ',) which are supported by.
suitable stands bolted to the frame of the loom; the forward ends of the
treadles ('n',) are connected by a hinge joint to the lower ends of their
respective upright lifting bars (q', q',) which extend upwards, and are bolted
to the under side of the comber board (u.) (2") represents a cam for
operating the trap board of the Jacquard machine, which acts on the cam
roller (s) on the side of the bent lever (t); the bent lever (t¹) vibrates on the
fulcrum pin (u') and is connected at the end of its outer arm by the rod (v')
to the lever () on the rock shaft of the Jacquard machine. To meet the
requirements of different fabrics the motion of the trap board (f) may be
varied, as regards the motion of the comber board (u), by making a cor-
responding variation in the shape of the cams (1) and (m², m.) In weaving
some fabrics the trap board may be elevated to form the figuring or terry part
of the shed an entire beat of the lathe in advance of that for which the
comber board is elevated, while for other fabrics the trap board and comber
board may be elevated for a part of their movement simultaneously, but in all
cases the trap board must start first in the race, and keep so far in advance as
to prevent the comber board from lifting the harness weights before the trap.
board has selected and trapped the cords.
Another improvement under this part of the Invention relates to the order
of succession in which the threads of filling or wefts are introduced after a wire
has been inserted in weaving terry fabrics, such, for example, as Brussels
carpets, by power loom, when the figuring is obtained by means of Jacquard or
other suitable pattern surface, in producing which the worsted threads have a
tendency to adhere to each other, when the shed is opened to insert a wire;
especially is this the case near the point at which the cloth is formed, and at
a time when the figure changes, so as to bring the threads which lie at the
bottom to the top to form the pile or terries. When the threads of worsted fail
to clear clean up to the point at which the cloth is formed, they are drawn
forward when the filling up, and either crowded into the body of the carpet.
or raised up on the face or back of it.. The clearing of the warps at the point
of forming the cloth as well as the raising of the pile or terries is very much
affected in the power loom by the order of succession in which the threads of
filling or weft are introduced after a wire has been inserted. When the
binding or top shot is put in first in order after a wire, as heretore done in
hand looms, it binds the worsted very tightly over the wires, and causes them
to draw out very hard, and it also diminishes the fulness of the pile or terries,.
and makes what is called a rough back to the carpet; whereas by putting in.

page_text: the back shot of filling first in order alter a wire, these ev
avoided.
This will be better understood by reference to the Drawings, in which
Figures 14, 15, and 16 represent longitudinal sections of a piece of Brussels
carpet on a large scale, shewing the position of the wire and warps and filling
at each of the three successive beats of the lathe which are required for one
operation. The coloured part represents the worsted warps, and (w') such
part thereof as is being acted upon to form one range of loops or terries.
(y', y) represent the pile or terry wires, (2, ',) the top or binding shots
of filling, and (a², a²,) the under or back shots. (b) represents, one half of the
linen or ground warp, and (c) the other half, both of which are raised and
depressed to form the shed by leaves of headles in the ordinary way.
Figure 14 represents the position of the warps and the wire inserted
preparatory to the first beat of the lathe.
Figure 15 represents the position of the same parts, and the under or back
shot of filling introduced preparatory to the second beat of the lathe.
Figure 16 represents the same parts with the top shot of filling introduced
and beat up by the third and last beat of the lathe to complete one operation.
The advantages of putting the under or back shot of filling in first in order
after a wire will be better understood by inspecting the Drawings in connection
with the following statement, vidilicet:-When the under or back shot of
filling is put in first in order after a wire, as represented in Figure 15, it
allows two beats of the lathe upon the wire before the terry warps are tied
down over it by the filling, which has a tendency to clear said warps clean
back to the cloth, and at the same time permit the said under shot of filling
to be easily driven home underneath said wire; whereas, when the top shot
of filling is put in first, it allows of but one beat of the lathe upon the wire
before the terry warps are tied down over it by the filling, and when said
warps are so tied down by the filling, they draw upon the wire in such a
manner as to partly imbed it in the terry warps in the body of the cloth,
which shortens the pile or terries over said wire, and (in consequence of their
being no under or back shot of filling to prevent it) crowds said terry warps
in the body of the cloth, between the back threads of the linen warps, in such a
manner as to prevent the under or back shot of filling, when introduced, from
being driven home, without making a rough back to the carpet, as above stated.
That the movements of the loom for producing this result may be fully under-
stood, I will, after explaining the mode of operating the leaves of headles for
the linen warp, designate the parts of the loom in the order in which they
The linen warp (2) is located in the loom in the ordinary way, and
move.

page_text: passes through the leaves of headles (d and c³), which are actuated by the
well known combination of tappets and levers. (ff) represent the tappets,
(g) the tappet levers, (,,) the top levers, and (,) the bottom levers
for the heddles, and (2) the connecting reds. When the loom is in that
stage of its operation; when about to insert a wire, the trap board (f) is
elevated, the comber board (u) and the leaves of heddles (d and ) are
depressed, then, when the wire is inserted, and the lathe is beating it up, the
comber board () and one of the leaves of headles, say (d), rises to form a
shed for the under or back shot of filling; then, when the lathe is beating
that up, the trap board (f) and the comber board (1) descend simultaneously,
and form the shed for the top shot of filling, as represented in Figures 2 and 3.
Then, while the lathe is beating up tlie top shot of filling, the trap board (f)
rises, and the leaf of headles (d) descends, and brings the loom to the
commencement of a second operation, which is the same as the first; and so
on repeatedly, except that the leaf of headles (e) will be raised in the second
operation instead of the leaf (d), for the leaves of headles alternate with
cach operation of the loom. I am not aware that in Jacquard power looms
for weaving terry fabrics, by wires, the under or back shot of filling has ever
been introduced first in order of succession after a wire has been inserted;
and this mode of operating is intimately connected with, and to some extent
rendered necessary by, the raising of the terry warps for the introduction of
the under or back shot of filling by the Jacquard harness, instead of a leaf of
headles, as in the hand loom; and it is very important in combination with
Jacquard power looms for weaving terry fabrics by wires in which the terry
warps are raised for introducing the under or back shot of filling by a
moveable comber board, such as above described.
Another improvement under this head of the Invention relates to the
employment of a series of rods to aid in guiding and clearing the warps, and
is as follows, videlicet:- (n², n²,) are standards, which are bolted to the frame
of the loom, one on either side thereof, and extending upwards in the form
shewn in Figures 2 and 3, to support the clearing rods o, p, q, which extend
across the loom from one of the said standards to the other. (ha, ha, h²)
represent the bobbin frames which contain the terry yarn bobbins, and are
supported by the posts (1, 1, 1). The worsted or terry yarn passes from the
5 bobbins in the frames (1, 1, 1) over the clearing rods (0%, p, q,) to the
Jacquard harness in the manner shewn in Figures 2 and 3. The terry warps
are brought nearly to a line back of the harness, and are so held as to
cause a greater degree of deflection (and consequent increase of tension) of
said warps when they are raised to form a shed to insert the wire, than when

page_text: left down to form the body of the cloth. This increased tension of the terry
threads when raised to insert a wire, tends to throw them apart and form a
clear shed. The clearing rods (0%, p², q²,) also serve as guides to the warps
taken from the lower frames, as will be seen by inspecting the Drawings,
It will be ovious to weavers, that the clearing
particularly Figures 2 and 3.
rods (o, p, .) may be varied in number and position without changing the
principle upon which they act, to accomplish the object above stated; I do
not intend therefore to confine myself in the use of this improvement to the
precise number, form, or position of the clearing rods (0², p², q²) represented
in the Drawings, but consider that so long as a series of rods or like supports
is arranged between the bobbin frames and Jacquard harness, it partakes of
the character of the Invention.
Another improvement under this head of the Invention relates to means
of using flat or oval shaped wires in looms for manufacturing carpets and
other like fabrics when the figuring is obtained by means of Jacquard
apparatus, selecting the different warps to produce the required pattern in the
course of weaving. Heretofore only round wires have been used in the
Jacquard power loom for raising the pile or terries of Brussels carpets and
such like pile fabrics. Such fabrics, however, are much improved in quality
by the use of flat or oval shaped wires, as represented in Figure 6, instead of
the round one, for by the use of the flat or oval shaped wires, a longer pile
may be obtained, and a greater number of wires put in to the cloth in a given
space, which gives to it a finer appearance and firmer texture.
I am aware
that flat or oval shaped wires have been used in power looms for weaving
tapestry carpets; and a Patent for the same was granted to Joseph Crossley,
bearing date January 28th 1851, and flat wires have also been used when
weaving Brussels carpets by hand, and when using Jacquard apparatus. This
part of the Invention consists, therefore, in the combined use of flat or oval
shaped wires with the Jacquard power loom for weaving terry fabrics, such
for example as Brussels and velvet carpets.
Another improvement under this head of Invention relates to power looms
for weaving terry fabrics, either with or without the Jacquard machine. In
weaving terry fabrics by flat or oval shaped wires, the terry warps have a
tendency to pull said wires down on their sides after they have been beat up
by the lathe, and thus prevent the proper formation of the cloth. To prevent
this evil is the object of the present improvement, which consists in the
employment of hooks or bars, so formed and arranged as to lock on to
the side of the wire when said wire is first brought home by the lathe, and
held it in its position edge side up after the lathe recedes from it, and until it

page_text: is secured by the warps being tied in over it, by the filling, or until the next
succeeding wire shall have been inserted. A detached view of the hooks or bars
and the parts connected with them is given in Figure 13, and the mode of con-
necting them with the loom is shewn in Figure 2. (2, 1) represent the hooks
or bars, which may vary in number to suit the character of the wires to be used.
The forward ends of these hooks are formed with a notch, the top part (w2)
of which rests on the top or edge of the wires, while the lower part (a).
extends downward to act upon the side of the wire, as shewn in the Drawings.
The hooks or bars (2, 2) are slightly curved to clear the warps and allow
the wires readily to pass under them, and extend backwards through the spaces
of the reed between the dents, and terminate in a head through which the
shaft (s) passes to support them. The said hooks or bars are secured from:
slipping endwise on the shaft (s), but are allowed to turn freely upon it.
The shaft (s) is supported by the arms (t, t), which are affixed to and extend
upward by the sides of the warps from the shaft (²). The shaft (u²) extends
across the loom under the warps, and is supported at either end by bearings,
which are bolted to the frame. (v) represents a spring, the action of which.
tends to force the arms (1, 2) forward, and press the hooks or bars (12, 1²)
After a wire has been-
against the side of the wire to be acted upon by them.
secured by the terry warps, the hooks or bars (2, 2) are slightly drawn back
at the time when the lathe beats up the next succeeding wire to release their
forward ends, which allows them to rise up as the said succeeding wire passes
under the part (22), and fall by their own gravity until the part (w²) rests
upon the top of the said wire, when the spring (22) is allowed to force said
hooks or bars (2, 2) forward against the said wire as before. The hooks or.
bars (,) are drawn back to act upon each succeeding wire as aforesaid by
the lever y, which is affixed to the shaft u², and extends downward forward of
the cam shaft (). 2 represents an arm on the cam shaft (1), which carries
the roller (a³) near its outer end. At the proper stage of the operation the
roller (a) acts upon the lower end of the lever (y²), overcomes the force of
the spring (3), and releases the hooks or bars (1, 2) as above set forth. As
a modification of this improvement, the shaft (s), which supports one end of
the hooks or bars (2, 1) may be placed over the cloth forward of the lathe,
instead of back of it as represented in the Drawings, in which case the hooks
5 or bars (,) would pull against the wires, instead of pushing, as done in the
form as above specified.
Another improvement under this head of the Invention relates to a modo
of cutting the terries or loops of velvet piled fabrics, to be employed in
connection with looms for weaving fabrics in which the velvet pilo is formed
B

page_text: As
by the loops or terries which have been woven on wires. The wires on which
the terries are formed are like those usually employed in the manufacture of
velvet pile fabrics in which the pile is cut on wires, that is, they are made
with a groove in their upper edges, of sufficient size to allow the point of the
cutting knife to pass therein without coming in contact with the wire.
this part of the Invention does not depend upon the mode of withdrawing and
inserting the wires during the operation of weaving, I have not thought it
needful to give a description of it. I would remark, however, that my
improvement is applicable and I intend it to apply to looms which work with
a limited number of wires permanently attached to carriers, as well as to
looms which work a larger series of wires, by apparatus which successively
engages and disengages with the said wires.
The principal feature of this part of the improvement consists in making the
frame or carriage which carries the cutting knife moveable, and in employing a
guide or guides to adapt, guide, and maintain the said guide frame and cutting
knife in a proper position relatively to the wire from which the loops or terries.
are to be cut, so that the cutting apparatus will adapt itself to the wire to be
³ represents the
acted upon under all the varying conditions of the loom.
moveable guide frame, which rests upon the cloth parallel with the pile wires
(c, c, c,) to be cut out as seen in Figure 4. c', c, are small pieces of metal
screwed on to the bottom edge of the frame, which serve as shoes to
diminish the friction of. said frame in sliding upon the cloth. The moveable
frame is formed of a thin bar of iron, with a projection on the side next to
the lathe, of a suitable size to form the groove e³, for the lower edge of the
sliding bar d to traverse. The upper edge of the knife bar d³ is guided by
another groove f³, in a bar a, screwed to the side near the upper edge of the
carriage 6, in a manner to be easily adjusted to give the required play to the
sliding bar d as it traverses to and fro, with the knife to cut the terries or
loops. represents a rod, which is connected at one end to the sliding bar d
and at the other to the pincer stand ", which carries the pincers h to draw
the wires from the cloth after the terries or loops have been cut. The pincer
stand traverses the bar or rod 3, and imparts motion to the sliding bar d³ at
the same time it moves to draw a wire. As the pincers h³ and the stand
are operated in the usual way, no further description of them is deemed
represents a slot or opening through the moveable guide frame
as seen in Figure 5. 13 represents a shaft which passes through and turns in
a tubular bearing in the sliding bar d³, the forward end of which shaft extends
through the slot, just described, receives the end of the rod g³, and also carrie
the arm m³ which contains the cutting knife n³. Full size views of the arm m
necessary.

page_text: shewing the position of the cutting knife, are given in the Drawings, in
which Figure 11 is a plan, Figure 10 a side elevation, and Figure 12 an end
view. The arm m³ is provided with a hinge joint at (0%), to allow the guide p
on the end of the vibrating part of the arm m³ to adapt and guide the cutting
knife to and in the groove of the wire; q is a spring. which presses the
vibrating part of the arm m³ towards the wires (c, c, c), but is prevented
from pushing it beyond a given point by a shoulder formed for that purposo
at the joint . The arm m³ is depressed to bring the cutting knife into the
groove of the wire, and elevated again after the terries or loops are cut, by
means which I shall presently describe. The cutting knife n' is put through
a rectangular opening through an enlargement at the end of the vibrating
part of the arm m³, and adjusted and secured in its place by the screw 13.
The guide p', which projects from the lower side of the arm m³, is slightly
bevelled on the side presented to the wire, so that when the arm m³ is
depressed to bring the knife into action, the bevilled part of the guide p³ feels as
it were against the wire to be acted upon, and adapts the said cutting knife
to the groove of the wire c, then, as the parts traverse to cut the loops or
terries, the guide p³ is pressed against the side of the said wire by the spring q
which preserves the said cutting knife during the whole operation of cutting
I would remark, in this con-
in a proper position relatively to said wire.
nection, that the form and position of the guide p may be varied without
changing the principle of the Invention, as, for example, instead of being
applied to the side of the wire next to the breast beam, it may be applied to
the opposite side, and press against that part of the wire from which the loops
have been cut; or it may be applied to that part of the wire from which tho
loops have not been cut, and press against them. Instead also of the
guide p³ pressing against the wire to be cut out, it may rest against the
next adjacent wire, or any one of the series, so long as said wires are
kept uniformly at a given distance apart in the cloth, but I have found the
plan specified to work best in practice. The mode of depressing and elevating
groove of
the arm m³ to insert and withdraw the cutting knife in and from the
the wire, may be understood as follows:-To the end of the shaft l'reverse
from that which carries the arm m³, and which passing through the slot
projects the back side of the moveable frame , the lever s³ is affixed, which
when depressed or elevated imparts a corresponding motion to the arm m³.
The lever 3 is provided with a pin or roller at its outer end, which projects
from its side towards the moveable guide frame 3. The bar 3 before
mentioned has a projection u³, a section of which is represented in Figure 7.
which serves as a guide to the roller ; a side view of the projection u is given
R9

page_text: in Figure 5, which represents the back side of the moveable guide frame
and its appendages, as it appears when viewed from the back side of the loom,
with the reed and harness removed. The projection (3) extends the whole
length of the bar f³, but is cut away at to allow the roller to pass from
the bottom to the top side of it, and also at w³, to allow the said roller to pass
back again from the top to the bottom side of the said projection. When the
sliding bar is moved from left to right, as seen in Figure 5, or from right
to left, as will be understood from Figure 4, to carry the cutting knife to cut
the terries or loops, the guide a guides the roller t from the bottom to the
top side of the projection w³, and thus raises the cutting knife from the wire
while the latch falls down to close the opening, so that when the sliding
bar dis moved back to the opposite side of the loom, the roller t³ will be
carried over said opening along the upper side of the projection ³, and thus
keep the cutting knife free above the wire; but when the sliding bar d³ has
nearly finished its return movement, the roller t³ presses down and passes over
the latch, which when passed is thrown up again by the spring a to
open the passage w³; then as the sliding bar d moves forward to cut another
range of loops or terries, the latch, aided by the guide, guides the roller t
down to the under side of the projection w³, which brings the cutting knife into
the groove of the wire as before. The lever s³ is prevented from falling too low
by the spring c, which presses the roller against the under side of the
projection, and is also prevented from being raised too high by the spring c
when the roller t³ is on the upper side of the projection w³, by the stop pin d
against which the said lever strikes. The mode of keeping the moveable
guide frame in a proper position relative to the wires to be cut out is as
follows, e, represent horizontal bars, one on each side of the loom, the
back ends of which are screwed to the front side of the moveable guide
frame, while the front ends are supported by and may turn on their
respective stud pins f, f. 9, 9, are upright levers, the upper ends of which
carry their respective stud pins f, f, while their lower ends are supported and
may turn on similar stud pins h, h', which project inward from their respective
stands,, which are bolted to and project forward from the frame of the
loom. The rods j, j, pass through holes in the flange of the breast beam and
are jointed at their forward ends to their respective levers g', 9', and have or
their opposite ends helical springs, . As one end of each of the helica
springs rests against the flange of the breast beam, the force with which they
will act to draw their respective levers (9, 9) may be graduated by setting the
the collars (, ) on the rods (j, j). From the under side of the horizonta
bars (c, c) the projections (m*, m³) extend downwards, as seen in th

page_text: Figures 2 and 6. (n, n) represent guides screwed to the inner side of the said
projections (m, m',) which rest against the last of the series of the pile wires,
one at either end of them. The guides (n', n',) are formed with an open recess
or slot (o, o) of suitable size and depth to receive two or more wires, as shewn
in Figure 7. The use and object of the slots or openings (o', o') is to embrace
the wire so as to hold it in its position after the loops or terries are cut from it
until it is grasped by the apparatus which may be employed to transfer them.
The slots or openings (o', 0) are not required when the wires are affixed to
stationary carriers. From the above description it will be obvious that by
adjusting the guides (0, 0) relatively to the projections (m*, *,) the cutting
knife may be brought to the required lateral position to act on the wire to be
cut out, as above described, and that the helical springs (, ) which at all
times act so as to draw said guides (0%, o',) against the said wire, will maintain.
this relation under any change of position the said wire may undergo during
the operation of weaving, In working this improvement in connection with
looms which work the wires by carriers to which the said wires are per-
manently affixed, and consequently few in number, it is desirable during that
stage of the operation in which the knife is not cutting to raise the moveable
guide frame () from the cloth, and draw it back from the face of the cloth so
as to clear the reed when it beats up the filling, and then let it down again
while the lathe is back to do the cutting. When arranged in this way the
cutting must be done in less space of time tlian when the moveable guide
frame rests upon the cloth; and in order to shorten the traverse of the cutting
knife, several knives may be used instead of one, as above specified, each knifo
having its respective guide or feeler, and the whole operating simultaneously
substantially in the same manner as the one above described.
only as a modification of the same principle as above set forth as characterising
my improvement. To counteract the weight of the moveable guide frame (63)
the rod () is placed under the cloth and drawn upward by the strap (2') and
weight (4) acting on the shaft (s) which turns in the stands (t, t'); as
a substitute for this a fixed support may be employed. In adapting this
mode of cutting to cut out wires, such as described in relation to Drawings D,
I apply a small weight at one end, as shown at Figure A, in order to the wire
being placed correctly in the shed with the groove side upwards; and in using
such weighted wires the trough or oth: instrument which receives them
previous to their being placed in the shed must bo forined to admit of wires with
such weighted pieces passing into and therefrom to the shed, but to such.
application of weights; to pile wires I lay: no claim. Z, Z, (Figure 3)
I mention this

page_text: are a series of wires at the back of the ordinary reed, forming an extra
and coarser reed to aid in clearing the warp as it comes up to the reed.
Another improvement under this head of Invention relates to the use of a
brake for stopping power looms for the manufacture of carpets and such like
fabrics. Heretofore where brakes have been used to stop such looms, they have
been applied to the outside periphery of the pulley or wheel which they have
been brought to act upon. The improvements consist in applying the brake to
the inside periphery of the driving pulley or other wheel, and in the
mode by which it is brought into action, and connected with the shipper-
handle. (u), see Figure 8, represents the brake applied to the inside
periphery of the driving pulley (6'). represents a bent stand which
supports the outer end of the pulley shaft and parts connected with the
brake (). (w) represents a crank shaft, which turns in a bearing mado
through the enlargement (a) on the stand (v), and has the crank arm or
lever (y) affixed to it and extending downwards, as seen in Figures 8 and 9.
() represents a connecting rod, which connects the brake (u) with the crank
lover (y), and is provided with a nut (a), which by the action of a right and
left handed screw, increases or diminishos the length of the rod () to adjust
the action of the brake (u'). The crank lever (y) acts somewhat upon the
principle of a toggle joint, so that when it is in a right line with the rod ()
it draws the brake (u) hard down on to the driving pulley, but when the
crank lever (y) is turned so as to throw it out of line with the rod () it
raises the brake (us) free from said driving pulley. The crank lever (y) is
connected with the shipping lever () as follows:-(c) represents a hollow
shaft, which is suported at its forward end by the stand (d) and at its rear
end by the bearing (es) made in the bent stand (24). To one end of the shaft
(c) the belt guide (f) is affixed, and to the other the shipping lever (),
which is operated by the weaver and thrown in by the spring (ns) in the
usual way. Within the hollow shaft (c) is another shaft (g) fitted to turn
freely, and to the rear end has the crank lever (h) extending upwards from
it, which is connected-by the rod () to the before-mentioned crank lever ().
To the forward end of the shaft (95) the spring lever () is affixed, which
extends upwards, and is so formned as to be easily engagod and disengaged
with the shipping lever (65). (5) represents a guide stand, which is affixed
to and at right angles with the shipping lever (6³). When the shipper is to
be operated to stop and start the loom for ordinary purposes, the pin (1)
affixed to the upper end of the spring lever (³) penetrates a hole (m³) in the
stand (), and thus connects the hollow shaft (cs) and the inner shaft (

page_text: together in such a manner that when the shipping lever is moved they both '
move together, so that when the shipping lever () is pushed outwards from
the loom to ship the belt from the loose pulley (c) to the fast pulley (1), tho
connecting rod (2) moves the crank lever (y') and sets free the brake (u')
from the pulley; but when the said shipping lever (") is forced inwards
towards the loom by the spring () to shift the belt from the fast to the loose
pulley, the crank lever (y) is drawn to a right line with the connecting rod
() and holds the brake () firm upon the pulley. When it is desired to
free the brake (u) from the pulley (6') to. turn the loom by hand for any
purpose without moving the shipping lever (b), the weaver takes hold of the
knob (5) and draws the pin (15) out of the hole (n³) and turns the spring
lever () outward, until the pin (5) strikes the stop (p³) on the outer end of
the stand (), which allows of sufficient motion to the inner shaft (g) to free
the brake (u) from the pulley. Then, to avoid the inconvenience to the
weaver of replacing the pin () in the hole (m³), the stand (p) is so affixed to
the loom frame that the stop (25) on its outer end holds the spring lever (j³)
from moving further outward when the shipping lever (65) is pushed outwards
to start the loom, so that when the pin (5) comes opposite to the hole (m³)
it penetrates and engages the spring lever (15) with the shipping lever (65)
ttendant

page_text: knives. This step by step movement of the roller g (which, with the roller f
has its surface covered with projecting points in order better to hold the
fabric), is obtained in the following manner:-Upon the shaft is affixed a
cam g', which in the revolution of that shaft acts upon the truck g² carried
by the lever, which turns upon a pin at g', and at its outer end carries
a driver g, which takes into the ratchet wheel upon the shaft, upon
which is formed, or affixed the screw wheel g', which takes into and gives
motion to the toothed wheel g" upon the axis of the roller g. The cutters d
are each pointed so as to facilitate their entrance into the loops, and from
the point the cutting edge is along the upper edge d of each of the cutters d,
and they are fixed in the cutter frame h by means of set screws h', some
pointing in one direction and some in the other, so as to cut each way of
travelling across the cloth; and I prefer that there should be several such
cutters cutting each way, and that those of each set should be slightly
out of the same cutting planc, so that if some of the loops should be out
of a straight line they may be caught by others of the knives. The knife
frame his supported on the bar i, upon which it is caused to traverse by
means of the crank & formed on the main axis b, acting by means of the
connecting rod upon the lever 2, which turns upon the pin 2, and at its
upper end is, by the connecting rod, connected to the knife frame h, as
shewn, by which the required movement of the Knives across the fabric
is effected, and after each traverse of the knives to one side or the other
the movement of the fabric takes place to bring up a fresh row of loops to be
cuit, as described, j is a bar, over which the fabric to be acted upon passes,
and by which it is supported whilst the pile loops are being cut; and
is a bar extending across the front of the roller g, in order to strip therefrom
the fabric as it is brought forward by the roller g. To prevent the pins
coming against the bar k, that bar has slits formed in its inner side to admit
of those pins passing.
I would remark, that although I have shewn this cutting apparatus as
forming a part of a distinct machine, the same may be applied to looms
And I
to cut the rows of loops as the fabric is produced in such looms.
would here state, that I am aware that somewhat similar cutting apparatus has
been applied to looms for weaving pile fabrics where no wires are used to aid
in producing the pile loops or terries, but I have found that this arrangement
of cutting apparatus is especially adapted to power looms in which the pile loops
or terries of the fabric produced thereby are obtained by passing the pile warps
over wires laid transversely of the fabric, as in such cases the rows of loops are
more even and therefore. in a fitter condition to their being uniformly cut

page_text: open by the cutters. In adapting such cutting apparatus to looms of the
kind described, I prefer to have the connecting rod i³, which works the cutter.
carrier, connected to the instrument which draws out the wire from the fabric,
and that the cutting open should take place upon the row of loops from which
the wire is for the time being drawn, as those loops will then be in a more
And it is important to
open and uniform condition to receive the cutters.
have two sets of cutters, the one set pointing in the opposite direction to the
other, as by such arrangement any loops missed in the traverse of the cutter
carriage in one direction may be caught and cut by the other set of cutters as
the cutter carrier returns.
I will now describe the sixth part of the Invention, which relates to
machinery for winding and doubling yarn preparatory to its being woven,
particularly applicable to weaving pile carpets and other pile fabrics, and
consists in the employment of pressure rollers to condense or compress the
yarn on the bobbins, and combining therewith a stop motion to stop the
bobbins severally when they are filled with yarn or a thread breaks.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS F.
Figure 1 is a front elevation of the improved winding and doubling
machine. Figure 2 is an end elevation, and Figure 3 a vertical section,
taken at the red line A, B, in Figure 1. Figure 4 is a plan of a portion
of the machine with the bobbin créels removed. Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9,
are enlarged views of parts of the machine in detail. a, a, a, represents the
frame of the machine; and d the main cylinder for driving the spindles and
bobbins. The cylinder d may be constructed and mounted like the cylinder
for driving the spindles of a spinning frame. (e, e,) represent the driving
pulleys; and (f) the belt shipping lever. (9) represents a pulley in the
main axis of the main cylinder (d) for driving the traverse motion to guide
the yarn on the bobbins in the ordinary way. (h) represents a belt, which
0 communicates motion to the trayerse shaft (i), through the shaft (j), endless
screw (), and cogged wheel (l). (m) represents a double acting heart-liko
shaped cam on the shaft (i). (n) represents a rock shaft, which extends across
the frame and is supported at each end by suitable bearings. (o). represents
a lever, which extends horizontally from the shaft (n) and receives a vibratory
35 motion by a stud or roller at its outer end working in the groove of the cam
(m). (p. p.) represent upright fevers extending upwards from the shaft (n),
(one near cach, end thereof), which are connected at their upper ends to
their respective traverse bars (2, 2) and impart to them a receprocating

page_text: motion; the traverse bars (7, q,) extend the length of the machine and slido
freely in the guide stands (2, r.) (s, s, s,) represent guides which are affixed
to and extend upwards from the traverse bars (7, 7,) and have slots or openings
in their upper ends to receive and guide the yarn on their respective bobbins.
The yarn to be doubled may be put on spools and placed in a creel or frame,
as seen in Figures 2 and 3, where (t, t, t,) represent the spools, and (u, u,)
the creels or frames to support them, as in the ordinary machines. In winding
and doubling yarn, especially for the manufacture of Brussels and such like
carpets, it is requisite to the weaving of a smooth and even fabric that the
yarn should be evenly doubled; that is, the several threads, whether two
or more, which are wound upon the same bobbin, should be continuous and
of an equal length. It is desirable, also, in order to avoid too frequent
changing or renewing of the bobbins at the loom, that the yarn be put upon
them in the most compact form. To give an uniform tension to the yarn as it
is wound, I cause it to pass under and over rods, as seen in Figures 2 and 3,
in which the red lines represent the yarn then in order to keep the surface of
the yarn on the bobbin level and smooth, and thereby take up cach thread in
equal lengths; and also to put the yarn on the bobbins in the most compact
form, I employ pressure rollers to press against the bobbins when they are
turned to wind on the yarn. (v, u, v,) represent the pressure rollers which
turn freely in the stands (w, w,) projecting upward from the outer top girths of
the frame (a, a). These rollers are turned smoothly, and of such length as to
fill up the bobbins between the heads. (,,,) see Figures 1 and 2, represent
the bobbins resting upon the pressure rollers (v, v, v;) as in a working state.
(y,y, y) are spindles for: supporting the bobbins (a, x, x,) the form of which
is given full size in Figure S. Affixed to the spindles (y, y, y,) are two
circular plates (Z and a¹). The plate Z is for the end of the bobbin to rest
against, and the stud pin (¹) penetrates a hole in the head of the bobbin, to
prevent it from turning on the spindle. (c', c',) represent clutch pins projecting
from the plate (a¹) which are employed to turn the spindle in the manner
herein-after to be described. (d', d, d',) represent bobbin frames for
A longitudinal section on the
supporting spindles and bobbins just described.
red line from C to D of one of these bobbin frames is given half size in
Figure 6, and a plan in Figure 5. The position they sustain to the other
parts of the machine is distinctly shewn in Figures 3 and 4. The bobbin
frames d', d', d', and their appendages being all constructed and operated in
the same manner, a description of one of them will answer for all; a bobbin
frame is supported at its inner end by the stud (c) on which it freely

page_text: vibrates. is a stand, the base of which rests on the middle girth of the
frame a, a, and extends upwards around the cylinder d in two parts, each of
which supports a stud c', one for a bobbin frame on either side of the
machine, as shown in Figures 3 and 4. A bobbin frame d' is guided and
limited in its up and down motion by the stud pin g', which traverses a slot of
suitable dimensions in the guide stand ' which is bolted to the inner side of
a girth of the frame a, a. Near the outer. ends of the arms of a bobbin
frame d' are slots or openings (,,) which open downward and receive a
spindle y, as shewn in Figure 6. To put in or remove a spindle y from a
bobbin frame d', the bobbin frame d' should be raised up so as to allow the
spindle y to pass freely in or out of the slots 2, , then when a bobbin and
spindle y is placed in the bobbin frame d' in a working condition, the said
frame is let down so as to bring the barrel of the bobbin or the yarn thereon
to rest upon a pressure roller v, which prevents the spindle y from falling out
of the slots 1, 2, and compresses the yarn upon the bobbin; a bobbin frame
d should be made of greater or less weight, according to the degree of
compactness required to be given to the yarn on the bobbin, as the greater the
pressure upon it, the harder the yarn will wind. j represents a shipping
lever, the inner end of which turns on and is supported by the stud pin k',
while the outer end which terminates in a knob for the handle to work it by
is supported by the stand (l'). The outer end of the shipping lever j' has a
horizontal movement to and from the bobbin frame d' to stop and start tho
spindle y as presently to be described, and is guided and limited in the extent of
its motion by a slot in the stand ', in which it vibrates. m² is a pulley for
driving the spindle y which turns on the stud pin n' projecting inward from the
lever j, on a line with the axis of the spindle y. o, o', represent clutch pins
projecting from the side of the pulley m³, towards the spindle plate a. The
pulley m is driven from the cylinder d by a band p', which passes round
them; and when the lever j is drawn inward so as to bring the clutch pins
on the pulley m³ in contact with the similar pins on the plate a', as above
described, it turns the spindle y along with it, but when the lever j is
thrown outward to the end of the slot in the stand l, so as to free the clutch
pins, the pulley turns freely while the spindle stops, thus allowing a bobbin
to be stopped for any purpose, while the pulley and band which drive it con-
tinue in motion, and without interfering with the action of the other bobbins in
the machine. When the bobbin is put in motion it turns its respective pres-
sure roller v with it, so that they both stop and start together, which I regard
to be one of the peculiarities of the machine. Pressure rollers as hereto-
fore used have been employed to turn the bobbins, and are kept in constant

page_text: motion, while the bobbins are lifted off from them to make a change or piece
a thread.
As a modification of this part of the machine, the driving pulley
may be made to turn the pressure roller instead of the bobbin, in which case
the pressure roller would turn the bobbin instead of the bobbin turning the
pressure roller, as in the form above described. There are many advantages
over the old mode in having the bobbin and pressure roller stop and start
together; and so long as this is done it is immaterial as regards the principle of
my improvement whether the power is first applied to, the bobbin or the roller.
Having described the mode of winding the yarn on to the bobbins, I will now
explain the construction and operation of the stop motion. q' (see Figures 2
and 3) represents a rod, which is supported by the stands (, ), and
extends the whole length of the machine. s represents a stand bolted to the
side of the bobbin frame d', and extends upward therefrom to support the
rods t', t', which extend across the bobbin frame d', as seen in Figure 5. The
yarn, as indicated by the red lines, passes from the spools t, t, t, under the
rod q', over the rods t¹, t, through the guide s to the bobbin a, on which it
is wound. Between the rods t', t, drop wires u', u', u', are hung upon each
thread and suspended thereby, while the thread remains unbroken and con-
tinues to run with suitable tension; but when any one of the threads is
exhausted, broken, or becomes too slack, the drop wire u previously sus-
pended by it drops and stops the bobbin, and thus prevents bad work. The
manner in which the drop wires u, u, u, act to stop the bobbin when they
drop is as follows:- represents a board which is employed to cover the box
part of the bobbin frame d¹, a section of which may be seen in Figures 3 and 6.
w, w, are guide plates or stands for guiding the drop wires u', u', u', which
move up and down freely through holes made to receive them, as seen in
Figure 4. The upper ends of the drop wires' u', u', u', are bent in the form
of a hook to hang upon the yarn, while the lower end is bent in the form of
a syphon, as seen in Figure 6. The object of the short leg being to prevent
the wires from turning in the guides.
Figure 7 is a vertical cross section of a bobbin frame d' taken looking backward
from the bobbin. From the under side of the shipping lever j', the projection.z
extends downward to the proper point to be jointed to the rod y', which slides
freely in a hole through the side of the bobbin frame d'. is a helical spring
encircling the rod y', which tends to throw the shipping rod j' outward to stop
the bobbin. a is a spring catch or latch affixed to the rod y', as seen in
Figure 7. is a latch lever which turns on the fulcrum pin cl, and has a short
arm extending downwards to hold the spring catch a", while the longer arm
extends horizontally, and when not in action rests on the stand d. is a shaft,

page_text: one end of which turns in the stand d" before mentioned, and the other end in
the stand f g is a hook or latch which extends upward from the shaft e", and,
locks on to the long arm of the lever b, when drawn thereto by the weight h"
on an arm extending from the shaft e" at right angles from the hook ".
represents a wire bow extending from the opposite side of the shaft e", of
the form seen in Figure 5, the outer end of which being placed in a position
to receive the drop wires ', u', ', when they drop from the yarn in the
manner before stated. With a view to explain more fully the action of the
stop motion just described, suppose the shipping lever to be drawn inward
by the attendant to put a spindle in motion, it will be held there by the
spring catch a locking into the short arm of the latch lever ", which will
also be held in position by the book g" locking on to the long arm, the
weight being so adjusted as to draw the hook g" into action when the parts
are left free for it to do so.
From an inspection of these parts, as represented in Figures 5, 6, and 7,
it will be obvious that while the action of the spring has no tendency
to release the action of the hooks and levers, a very slight action on the
end of the wire bow will do so; when, therefore, any one of the drop wires
u, u, u, drop from the yarn, as above described, they depress the wire
bow , draw the hook g" from the lever ", and allow the spring to throw
the shipping lever outward, and stop the spindle. When the shipping
lever is thus thrown outward the spring catch a throws up the long arm
of the latch lever " to release itself from the short arm, but the weight of the
long arm brings it down again past the hook g", which, being bevilled at the
top allows it readily to pass while the weight h" draws it on to it again, ready
for another operation. While the lever is in this condition the spring
catch a, by the action of the bevil face on the end of it, it readily locks on to
the pendant arm of the latch lever 1, when drawn into the required position
to start the bobbin. The attendant may start a bobbin at pleasure by pressing
down one of the drop wires (21, 1, 2,) or by any other mode which will
release the hook (g"). As the bobbin fills with yarn the bobbin frame (d')
rises, which motion is taken advantage of to stop the bobbin when it is filled
to the required extent, which is effected as follows:-("), see Figure 3,
represents a stand, one end of which is screwed to the inside of the girth (a),
5 and the other bent round and extended upward into the box part of the bobbin
frame (d) in such a form as to cause the wire bow (") to strike against it,
and release the hook (g") when the bobbin is filled, so as to raise the bobbin
may be
frame to the required height. By adjusting the stand (") the bobbin
made to stop at any required size.

page_text: Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be carried into effect, I would have it understood, that I
do not confine myself to the various details herein shown and described, as
variations may be made without departing from the Invention; but what I
claim is,
First, the combining and applying apparatus for aiding the introduction of
wires in the manufacture of carpets and other fabrics, as described.
Secondly, I claim the mode of constructing and applying wires with cutting
edges in the manufacture of cut or velvet pile carpets, and other fabrics.
Thirdly, I claim the combining apparatus for facilitating the introduction
and use of wires in weaving piled carpets and other fabrics described in respect
to Drawings C.
Fourthly, I claim, in regard to Jacquard power looms for weaving terry
fabrics, the employment of wire or metallic heddles in connection with the
Jacquard harness, and also as applied to the leaves of heddles, as described.
I also claim raising the trap board or such like apparatus of Jacquard
machinery to trap the cords before the comber board is elevated to raise
the mounture or harness weights and heddles for the purpose above explained.
I also claim, in Jacquard power looms, arranged for weaving piled fabrics,
as explained, the introducing of the under or back shot of filling or weft first
after a wire has been introduced.
I also claim, in Jacquard power looms for weaving terry fabrics, the
employment of a series of rods placed between the bobbin creels and harness to
guide or aid in clearing the warps, as above specified.
I also claim, in Jacquard power looms for weaving Brussels carpets and
other terry fabrics, the employment of flat or oval shaped wires to raise tho
pile, as explained.
I also claim, in power looms for weaving terry fabrics by flat or oval shaped
wires, the use of hooks, as herein explained, to prevent wires from being
drawn down on their sides by the pull of the warps.
I also claim a moveable and self-adjusting guide frame for. carrying the
cutting knife, as above described.
I also claim adapting and guiding such guide frame and cutting knife to cr
in a proper position relatively to the wire to be cut out by a guide or guides
resting or pressing against the wire, as above described, or in any other way
which shall accomplish the same end by substantially the same means.!
I also claim the improved combination and mode of applying and releasing
the brake to power looms employed in the manufacture of terry fabric, as
above described.

page_text: Fifthly, I claim the combining of apparatus, as herein described for cutting
the pile of terry-woven fabrics after the same has been removed from the loom;
also applying like apparatus to looms to follow the withdrawal of the wires and
to cut the pile, as above explained.
Sixthly, I claim, in combination with yarn bobbins, the employment of
pressure rollers to compress the yarn, as above described, when these are
driven by a band, as above described, or by any other mode by which
any one of the said pressure rollers and the bobbin acting with it may be
both stopped without interfering with the operation of the other bobbins and
rollers.
I also claim, in combination with a pressure roller and its bobbin, a stop.
motion so arranged as to stop the pressure roller and bobbin acting with it
together as above described.
In witness. whereof, I, the said George Collier, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-ninth day of June, in
the year of our Lord 1852, the aforesaid George Collier came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery and acknowledged the Specification afore
said, and all and every thing therein contained and specified in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to
the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose..

page_text: En the Matter of a Patent granted to GEORGE COLLIER, of Halifax,
in the County of York, Mechanic.
DISCLAIMER proposed to be, entered by JOHN CROSSLEY, JOSEPH CROSSLEY,
and FRANCIS CROSSLEY, of Halifax, in the County of York, with the
Clerk of the Patents of England, pursuant to an Act passed in the
5th and 6th years of His late Majesty King William the Fourth, and
intituled "An Act to amend the Law touching Letters Patent for
Inventions."
"
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
CROSSLEY, JOSEPHI CROSSLEY and FRANCIS CROSSLEY, send greeting.
And
WHEREAS by Letters Patent, bearing date at Westminster, the Thirty-
first day of December, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one, Her present
Majesty Queen Victoria did grant unto George Collier, of Halifax, in the
County of York, Mechanic, his exors, adñiors, and assigns, the sole use,
benefit, and advantage of the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF CARPETS AND OTHER FABRICS," as in part communicated to him from a
certain Foreigner residing abroad, to be exerised by him within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed. And whereas a Specification
of the same was duly enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery on
the Thirtieth day of June, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two.
whereas by an Indenture made between the said George Collier on the one
part, and us, the said John Crossley, Joseph Crossley, and Francis Crossley,
on the other part, and bearing date the Thirteenth day of February, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, the said George Collier, for and subject
to the considerations therein stated, did assign unto us, the said John Crossley,
Joseph Crossley, and Francis Crossley, our exors, adñiors, and assigns, the
right and privileges of the said Letters Patent. And whereas since the date
of the said Letters Patent, and the enrolment of the said Specification, we, the
said John Crossley, Joseph Crossley, and Francis Crossley, bave been advised
that it is doubtful whether some parts of the Invention, as described in the said
Letters Patent and Specification, possess such amount of novelty as to render

page_text: it desirable to retain the same as parts of the said Patent and Specification.
For these reasons we are advised, with the leave and consent of Her Majesty's
Attorney General, to enter a Disclaimer of such parts of the said Specification
as herein-after mentioned.
NOW KNOW YE THEREFORE, that we, the said John Crossley, Joseph
Crossley, and Francis Crossley, by and with the leave of Her Majesty's
Attorney General, do hereby disclaim the following words contained in the
body of the said Specification.
66
"This mode of forming the heddles or harness to the Jacquard, by the use
of wire for that purpose, is also applicable to leaves of heddles; and the appli-
cation of such wire heddles to leaves of heddles used in the manufacture of
carpets and other pile fabrics by power, when Jacquard or pattern surface is
employed to work the pile warp, constitutes another feature of the Invention."
Also, "Another improvement under this head of the Invention relates to
means of using flat or oval shaped wires in looms for manufacturing carpets
"and other like fabrics when the figuring is obtained by means of Jacquard
apparatus, selecting the different warps to produce the required pattern in
"the course of weaving." "Heretofore only round wires have been used in
"the Jacquard power loom for raising the pile or terries of Brussels carpets.
"and such like pile fabrics. Such fabrics, however, are much improved in
quality by the use of flat or oval shaped wires, as represented in Figure 6,
"instead of the round ones, for by the use of the flat or oval shaped wires, a
"
25
65
longer pile may be obtained and a greater number of wires put into the
"cloth in a given space, which gives to it a finer appearance and firmer
"texture. I am aware that flat or oval shaped wires have been used in power
"looms for weaving tapestry carpets; and a Patent for the same was granted
"to Joseph Crossley, bearing date January the Twenty-eighth, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-one; and flat wires have also been used when
weaving Brussels carpets by hand, and when using Jacquard apparatus.
"This part of the Invention consists, therefore, in the combined use of flat or
"oval shaped wires with the Jacquard power loom for weaving terry fabrics,
"such for example as Brussels and velvet carpets."
C
"
Also the following words from the claim near the end of the said Specifica-
tion:" And also as applied to the leaves of heddles, as described." And also,
"I also claim in Jacquard power looms for weaving Brussels carpets and
other terry fabrics the employment of flat or oval shaped wires to raise the
pile, as explained."
And we, the said John Crossley, Joseph Crossley, and Francis Crossley, do
hereby declare that the above-written Disclaimer is not, nor is any part

page_text: thereof respectively, intended to extend the exclusive right granted by the
said Letters Patent; and that these Presents shall not extend the said exclu-
sive right in any way whatsoever.
witness whereof we the said John Crossley, Joseph Crossley, and
This is to certify, that the above-named John Crossley, Joseph Crossin
and Francis Crossley have applied to me for leave to enter with you the
above-written Disclaimer of part of the Specification of a certain Invention,
for which Letters Patent were duly granted to George Collier under the Great
Seal of Great Britain, on the Thirty-first day of December, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-one, and the Specification of which was enrolled on
the Thirtieth day of June, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two; and,
on considering the said application, I directed them to advertize their said
Disclaimer in the London Gazette, The Times, The Daily News, Durham
Chronicle, Worcester Herald, Halifax Courier, and Bridgenorth Journal;
which was accordingly done, in the London Gazette, The Times, and Daily
News newspaper, on the Thirty-first day of July last, in the Durham Chro
nicle on the Seventh, and the Worcester Herald, Halifax Courier, and
Bridgenorth Journal on the Eighth of August last. And no objection having
been made to the said application, I have accordingly granted leave to the
said John Crossley, Joseph Crossley, and Francis Crossley, to file their said
Disclaimer pursuant to the Statutes in such case made and provided.
RICHARD BETHELL, A. G.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fifth day of November, in the
year of our Lord 1857, the aforesaid John Crossley, Joseph Crossley, and
Francis Crossley, came before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery,
and acknowledged the Disclaimer aforesaid, and all and every thing therein
contained and specified, in form above written. And also the Disclaimer
aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made for that