A NEW AND IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION OF VELOCITY, RATE OF SPEED, AND STOPPAGE OF Loco- MOTIVES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Gustav Dato, of Cassel, in the Empire of Germany, for
the Invention of "A NEW AND IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE GRAPHIC
REPRESENTATION OF VELOCITY, RATE OF SPEED, AND STOPPAGE OF Loco-
MOTIVES."
Sealed the 23rd May 1876, and dated the 16th February 1876..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Gustav Dato at the Office
<f
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th February 1876.
GUSTAV DATO, of Cassel, in the Empire of Germany. A NEW AND IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR THE GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION OF VELOCITY, RATE OF SPEED, AND
STOPPAGE OF LOCOMOTIVES."
The fact that the velocities on the road are strictly limited to the driver, and that
he has to stand for accidents resulting from transgression of these limits, leads to
the necessity of procuring to the driver the possibility to read from his stand the
exact velocity of road making. Only after introduction of such an arrangement it
will be right to hold the driver responsible for a transgression of the suitable
limits.
.
Further, it is necessary to register graphically the velocities and periods of way
making and of stoppage, so as to be able to control at the end of the journey the
velocities and the statements of the stations about the periods of stoppage. To
find out instantly the piece of road where too high a velocity had taken place, it
will be necessary to mark every kilometer stone.
A
The herein described apparatus answers perfectly to these conditions.
horizontal shaft is connected to the driving wheels of the locomotive, preferably
in such a way that it makes one revolution per every revolution of these wheels.
This shaft drives by toothed gearing a conical pendulum. The angle of elevation à
of the pendulum's arms (see Drawing) is for the same pendulum dependent on the
number of revolutions in the second after the formula-

page_text: The vertical distance of the point at A from the top of the pendulum is calculated
from
2.0,2.g 0, 1.g
1.4 NX
h2.0, 2 cos a =
-
NX
If it is desired that the machine should make 4 revolutions per second by a
velocity of 90 kilometers per hour, the distance can be exactly calculated for
every velocity. With a change of diameter of the driving wheels the ratio of
gearing will be altered, while for the rest the apparatus is fit for every locomotive.
A lever touches the point A, and its shorter arm repeats the vertical movements of
the governor on a sinaller scale.
I provide an apparatus by which the velocities appear directly before the eyes of
the driver, and which records them graphically besides. On the end of the said
lever is attached a vertical rack which turns a pinion fixed to the shaft. The end
of the horizontal shaft is provided with a hand which on a scale shows directly in
figures in how many minutes ten kilometers are run through. Moreover, a wheel
exactly like the said cog wheel is fixed to the said shaft which gears into the
horizontal rack; a bush is fixed to it with a pencil, which is constantly pressed
down by the weight of a ball and writes upon the strip of paper running along
under it. As the position of the pencil corresponds exactly with the velocity it
will describe on the paper an exact curve of velocity, and gives at the same time
the periods of way and of stopping in minutes. The strip of paper is rolled upon,
a cylinder, passes under the pencil, and is drawn along by a roller; this roller makes
by means of strong clockwork one revolution in 12 minutes, and is provided with
small pins which set into the holes of the paper strip; the latter moves in one
minute as far as the distance from one hole to the next, it is provided with
parallel lines, and the numbers printed thereon represent the velocities in minutes
pro 10 kilometers. The strip of paper falls into a box fixed underneath, and is
taken out of it at the end of the journey.
The indicator of kilometers, by which every passed kilometer stone is marked on
the strip of paper, is as follows:-Connected by the driver with the horizontal
shaft the ratio of gearing is so calculated that the last wheel makes one revolution
in passing one kilometer; this wheel is provided with a shoulder which pushes by
means of the driver, the rod on which it is fixed in a horizontal direction, and which
sets it free again in passing the kilometer stone. The said rod is connected with
knees by a wire; in the horizontal arm of the knees is a pin which presses a hole
into the strip of paper in descending.
At the station of departure the said wheel is put in a corresponding position.
When the train is going in the direction of the intermediate stations and the
machine has stopped, a figure of this wheel will be placed under the hand; if the
train goes in the opposite direction, another figure would have to be placed under
the hand.
SPECIFICATION filed in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
and of an Order of the Lord Chancellor by the said Gustav Dato in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 15th September 1876.
GUSTAV DATO, of Cassel, in the Empire of Germany. "A NEW AND IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR THE GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION OF VELOCITY, RATE OF SPEED, AND
STOPPAGE OF LOCOMOTIVES."
The fact that the velocity of a train or engine on a railway is regulated entirely
by the engine driver, and that he has to be responsible for accidents resulting from
transgression of the rules or limits, renders it necessary to provide the driver with
the means for ascertaining from his stand the exact velocity or speed of his engine.
Only after the introduction of such an arrangement will it be right to hold the
driver responsible for a transgression of the said rules or limits.

page_text: Furthermore, it is necessary to register graphically the velocities and periods of
travelling and of stoppage, so as to be able to ascertain at the end of the journey
the velocities and the statements of the stations about the periods of stoppage. To
find out instantly the part of the road whercon too high a velocity had been main-
tained, it will be necessary to mark all the milestones or posts.
The apparatus herein described and illustrated in the Drawings fulfils these
conditions. It has a horizontal shaft i connected to the driving wheels of the
locomotive in such a manner, according to Sheet II. of the Drawing, that it makes
one revolution per every revolution of these wheels. This shaft drives by toothed
gearing the conical pendulum K. The angle of elevation a of the pendulum's arms
is for the same pendulum dependent on the number of revolutions per second after
the formula
If it is desired that the machine should make 4 revolutions per second with a
velocity of 90 kilometers per hour, the distance h can be exactly calculated for
every velocity. With a change of diameter of the driving wheels the ratio of
gearing will be altered, while otherwise the apparatus may be adapted for any
locomotive. The lever A, B, C, (Sheet II.) touches the point A, the shorter arm of
which B, C, is 1/8 of A, B. The point C repeats therefore the vertical move-
ment in 1/8 of a sinaller scale.
=
Sheet 111. represents the apparatus by which the velocities appear directly before
the eyes of the driver, and which records them graphically besides. On the lever
end C is attached a vertical rack which turns a pinion i fixed on the shaft h.
The end of the shaft h is provided with a hand which on a scale shows directly in
figures in how many minutes a given number of miles or other measurements is
run through. Moreover, a wheel exactly like the cog wheel is fixed to the shaft h
which gears with the horizontal rack m; a bush is fixed to it with a pencil which
is constantly pressed down by the weight of the ball o, and writes upon the strip of
paper passing under it. As the position of this pencil corresponds exactly with the
velocity it will describe on the paper an exact curve of velocity, and give at the
same time the periods of travelling and of stopping in minutes. The strip of paper is
rolled upon the cylinder p, passes under the pencil, and is drawn along by the roller?*;
this roller makes by means of a strong clockwork one revolution in 12 minutes,
and is provided with small pins which set into the holes of the paper strip, the
latter moves in one minute as far as the distance from one hole to the next; it is
provided with parallel lines, and the numbers printed thereon represent the velocities
in minutes for a given distance. The strip of paper falls into a box fixed under-
neath, and is taken out of it at the end of the journey.
The indicator of distance by which every milestone or post passed is marked on the
strip of paper is represented on sheet I. Connected by the driver a with the horizontal
shaft i the ratio of gearing is so calculated that the last wheel C makes one revolution
in passing one mile. The wheel is provided with a shoulder which pushes by
means of the driver e the rod on which it is fixed in horizontal direction, and which
sets it free again in passing the milestone or post. The said rod is connected with
the knees (Sheet III.) by a wire; in the horizontal arm of the knee is a pin which
makes a hole in the strip of paper in passing down.
At the departure station the wheel C is put in a corresponding position. When
the train is going in the direction of the intermediate stations and the machine has
stopped, say at 15.2 miles, the Figure 02 of the wheel C will be placed under the

page_text: hand; if the train goes in the opposite direction 0-8 would have to be placed
under the hand.
Having thus fully described my said Invention, and and the manner of performing
the same, I wish it understood that I claim, the improved apparatus constructed,
arranged, and operating as above set forth and for the purposes specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Gustav Dato have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Eighteenth day August, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-six.
GUSTAV DATO. (L.S.)