Improvements in or relating to Seats and Seat Backs and the like.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Nov., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 28th Aug., 1896-Accepted, 3rd Oct., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Seats and Seat Backs and the like.
We, SAMUEL MCDOUGALL of 16 Brentwood, Eecles Old Road, Pendleton,
Manchester, Machinery Merchant, and, SAMUEL AUSTIN of 4 Brunswick Terrace,
Chester Road, Stretford, Manchester, Manager, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
The object of our invention is to form the seats and seat backs-as used in
cars and other vehicles, steamboats, chairs, garden seats and the like,-wherever
exposed to rain or moisture of any kind-in such a manner, that all water or other
fluid falling thereon may immediately pass away from the surface thereof; and
thus leave the seats and seat backs dry and ready for immediate use again.
For this purpose, we form the seats and seat backs of a number of rows of wire,
so crimped or serrated vertically, that the bottom of each serration rests upon a
suitable bed or bearing-such as a framework of wood, indiarubber, wire, wire-web,
or the like-to which the serrated rows of wire are fastened in a suitable
manner.
The upper part of each serration forms the surface of the seat or back.
These serrated rows of wire may in some cases have strips of wood or other
substance placed between them, so as to keep them in position; and in other cases
we may have other rows of serrated wire running transversely or diagonally across
the first mentioned rows of wire; or we may have coils of wire interlaced
longitudinally along the same.
Instead of serrating the wire, we may sometimes form the same into coils or other
suitable forms, of required size and length; and arrange these in rows at suitable
distances apart on a framework of wood, indiarubber, wire, or wire-web or the
like to which they are attached.
As another modification of our invention-in place of using wire-we may
arrange a number of thin bars or strips of xylonite, glass, wood or other suitable
material placed vertically on edge on, and suitably attached to, a framework-as
described above; or sometimes we may use these, or other suitable materials,
formed in the shape of a trough or grating with porous sides or bottoms; the
upper edges of which-in all the above mentioned cases-form the seat or seat
back.
Our object in all cases being such, that all these rows of serrated wire or other
material, are spaced at such a distance apart-one from the other-that any fluid
falling thereon does not form into drops, but immediately passes down or through
the wire or other materials on to the bearing frame supporting same, and thence
elsewhere. By this means the upper or outer surface of the seat or seat back is
always dry, and ready for immediate use again.
Dated this 27th day of November 1895.
H. WALKER-HILL,
2 Church Gate, Nottingham, Agent for the Applicants.

page_text: improvements in or relating to seats and seat Dacks and th
We, SAMUEL MCDOUGALL of 16 Brentwood, Eccles Old Road, Pendleton,
Manchester, Machinery Merchant, and SAMUEL AUSTIN of 4 Brunswick Terrace,
Chester Road, Stretford, Manchester, Manager, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of our invention is to form the seats and seat backs-as used in cars
and other vehicles, steamboats, chairs, garden seats and the like-wherever
exposed to rain or moisture of any kind-in such a manner, that all water or other
fluid falling thereon may immediately pass away from the surface thereof; and
thus leave the seats and seat backs dry and ready for immediate use again.
For this purpose we form the seats and seat backs of a number of rows of wire,
so crimped or serrated vertically, that the bottom of each serration rests upon a
suitable bed or bearing-such as a framework of wood, indiarubber, wire, wire-
web or the like-to which the serrated rows of wire are fastened in a suitable
manner.
The upper part of each serration forms the surface of the seat or back.
These serrated rows of wire may in some cases have strips of wood or other
substance placed between them, so as to keep them in position; and in other cases
we may have other rows of serrated wire running transversely or diagonally across
the first mentioned rows of wire; or we may have coils of wire interlaced
longitudinally along the same.
Instead of serrating the wire, we may sometimes form the same into coils or other
suitable forms of required size and length; and arrange these in rows at suitable
distances apart on a framework of wood, indiarubber, wire or wire-web or the
like to which they are attached.
As another modification of our invention-in place of using wire-we may
arrange a number of thin bars or strips of xylonite, glass, wood or other suitable
material placed vertically on edge upon, and suitably attached to a framework, as
described above; or sometimes we may use these, or other suitable materials
formed in the shape of a trough or grating with porous sides or bottoms; the
upper edges of which-in all the above mentioned cases-form the seat or seat
back.
Our object in all cases being such that all these rows of serrated wire or other
material, are placed at such a distance apart-one from the other-that any fluid
falling thereon does not form into drops, but immediately passes down or through
the wire or other materials on to the bearing frame supporting same, and thence
elsewhere. By this means the upper or outer surface of the seat or seat back is
always dry and ready for immediate use again.
And in order that the said invention may be fully understood and readily carried
out and into effect, we shall now proceed more particularly to describe the same;
and for that purpose shall refer to the several figures on the annexed sheet of
drawings, wherein the same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all
the figures.
Fig. 1 is a front elevation of a tram or other seat and seat back fitted with our
serrated wire material.
Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the above.
Fig. 3 is a front view of our serrated wire material showing the method of
attaching it to the frame, and the form of binders.
Fig. 4 is an edge view of the same.

page_text: Fig. 5 is a plan of a portion of a seat or seat back when formed with troughs
or gratings.
Fig. 6 is a sectional elevation of Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a plan of a portion of a seat or seat back when formed with thin bars
or strips.
Fig. 8 is a sectional elevation of Fig. 7.
Fig. 9 is a plan showing an arrangement of coils of wire to form the seat or seat
back.
Fig. 10 is a sectional elevation of Fig. 9.
Figs. 11-12 and 13 are respectively a plan, elevation and sectional end view
of another form and arrangement of serrated wire to form a seat or seat back.
Figs. 14-15-16-17 and 18 show other forms and arrangements of wire-work
to form seats and seat backs according to our invention.
In Figs. 1 to 4" A. A" are the rows of crimped or serrated wire having the
bottom of each serration resting upon the bearings S and S' forming the framework
of the seat and seat back respectively. These wires A. A may be covered with
tin, zinc or other suitable material to prevent the formation of rust thereon,
and are attached to the wire frame H. H at their ends; and have transverse
binders B. B of wire specially interwoven with A. A.
The frame H H is attached to S. S' by any suitable means. The spaces between
the wires and the serrations are made sufficiently wide to break up the cohesion of
drops of rain or other fluid falling thereon.
In some cases we may form these wires into coils as at A-Figs. 9 and 10
fastened by staples or other means to the framed seat or back S. S¹.
Figs. 11 to 13 and 17 to 18 show the crimped wires A', A³, A' A' arranged in
another form and differently attached to the bearing S; and having the strips P
of wood or other substance placed between them to keep them in position.
Figs. 14 to 16 show the wire formed into staples A³ fastened in the frame or
bearing S; and having either a semicircular or flat upper surface upon which
persons may sit.
In Figs. 5 and 6-C C are troughs of xylonite or other substance secured to the
bearing S by the screws as shown, with the spacing pieces P to keep them in
position. Holes E are formed in each side of all the troughs to allow the rain
water or other fluid to pass away therefrom.
In other cases we may have strips F of xylonite or other material-as shown in
Figs. 7 and 8-placed vertically on the frame or bearing S with the spacing
pieces P; the upper edges of F forming the seat or seat back.
In all these cases the spaces between the wires, troughs or strips are made
sufficiently large so that water or other fluid may not form into drops thereon, but
immediately pass away from the surface on to the frame or bearing S. S¹.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
1st. In seats and seat backs covering them with rows of wire A, A so crimped
and arranged that drops of water or other fluid cannot form between the serrations
or spaces thereof, in combination with the special form of binders B. B and
frame H; for the purposes mentioned and substantially as hereinbefore described
and shewn in Figs. 1 to 4 on the drawing herewith.
2nd. Seats and seat backs formed of coils of wire, crimped wire, or wire staples
having the spaces between the wires or serrations sufficiently large to break up the
cohesive or capillary attraction of drops of water or other fluid falling thereon,
which instead immediately fall down the wire and away therefrom, and leave the
seats and seat backs dry and ready for immediate use again; substantially as
hereinbefore described and shown in the accompanying drawings.
3rd. Forming the surface of seats aud seat backs of troughs or strips of xylonite

page_text: or other suitable substance placed on edge at suitable distances apart in combination
with a frame or bearing S. S' as hereinbefore described, for the purposes named
and as shown in the drawings.
4th. The arrangement and construction of seats and seat backs for the purposes
named and substantially as described and shewn on all the drawings herewith.
Dated this 27th day of August 1896.
H. WALKER-HILL,
2 Church Gate, Nottingham, Agent for the Applicants.