IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE • MANUFACTURE Lace, and FISHING AND OTHER NETS.
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Bellamy Payne, of Chard, in the County
of Somerset, Engineer, and George John Ping, late of Chard,
aforesaid, but now residing at Halstead, in the County of Essex,
Mechanic, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE
•
MANUFACTURE of Lace, and FISHING AND OTHER NETS.'
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Bellamy Payne
and George John Ping at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 25th September 1873.
We, JOHN BELLAMY PAYNE, of Chard, in the County of Somerset,
Engineer, and GEORGE JOHN PING, late of Chard, aforesaid, but now
residing at Halstead, in the County of Essex, Mechanic, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF LACE, AND FISHING AND OTHER NETS," to be as
follows:-
:-

page_text: result we attain by making the tie of the mesh alternately in reverse
directions.
:
2nd. To form in combination with the above description of net
simultaneously in the same machine a portion of the width of the netted
fabric with an ornamental breadth or edging.
3rd. To form a more secure selvage in fishing and other nets.
This improved arrangement of machinery consists of a warp beam,
around which is coiled the parallel running warp threads and a work
beam on which (as the fabrication of the net or lace proceeds) the
finished fabric is wound. The warp threads are passed through tube
guides which are carried in bars having a rising, falling, or shogging
motion. The weft threads are carried on bobbins and carriages sliding
on bolts.
These bolts or combs are carried by comb bars (provided with
shogging apparatus) arranged at front and back of the warp threads,
and the carriages of the bobbins may be moved through the warp by any
of the well known means.
t
For operating on the warp threads a series of hooks is mounted in a
bar, to which vertical and horizontal reciprocations are given by means
of a system of rock levers from cams on the main shaft. Points carried
in bars in front and back of the warp threads are used to hold the
finished knot, twist, or mesh in alternation, the slot holding the finished
mesh while the other is assisting in the formation of a new knot or twist.
These point bars receive vertical and horizontal motion, and also a
shogging motion in the manner common to traverse net machinery.
These being the chief operative parts of the mechanism, and their
general movements and functions having been mentioned, it will only be
necessary to state that we so arrange the cams on the main shaft as to
cause the working parts of the mechanism to be operated in the following
manner: The hooks of the hook bar are first passed in between the
warp threads, the back point bar, whose points are between the warps
(but which after the formation of a mesh will be in the last formed
knot) then receives a shogging motion in order to lap the warp threads
over the hooks, and the guides through which the warps are. passed
receive an upward motion, rising nearly to the points of the joint bar.
Slack being given simultaneously from the warp beam, the warp threads

page_text: The changes requisite to manufacture these ornamental breadths or
edgings may be effected by additional mechanism or by ommitting the
action of the hooks at any desired part, or by substituting other instru- .
ments well known to practical lace makers.
.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said John Bellamy Payne and George John Ping in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 25th March 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
BELLAMY PAYNE, of Chard, in the County of Somerset, Engineer, and
GEORGE JOHN PING, late of Chard, aforesaid, but now residing at
Halstead, in the County of Essex, Mechanic, send greeting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto us, the said John Bellamy Payne and George
John Ping, Her special licence that we, the said John Bellamy Payne
and George John. Ping, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said John Bellamy Payne and George
John Ping, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF LACE, AND
FISHING AND OTHER NETS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we,
the said John Bellamy Payne and George John Ping, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention and in what manner the same was to be

page_text: For operating on the warp threads a series of hooks F is mounted on
a bar F¹, to which vertical and horizontal reciprocations are given by
means of a system of rock levers from cams on the main shaft. G, G*,
are points carried in bars G¹at front and back of the warp threads.
These points are used to hold the finished knot, twist, or mesh in
alternation, one set holding the finished mesh while the other is assisting
in the formation of a new knot or twist. These point bars receive
vertical and horizontal motion, and also a shogging motion in the
manner common to traverse net machinery.
The chief operative parts of the mechanism having been pointed out
and their general movements and functions mentioned, it will be
unnecessary to describe in detail the means employed for obtaining the
movements indicated, as the manner of cutting the cams and arranging
them on the main shaft, so as to cause the working parts of the
mechanism to be operated on, will be readily understood by workmen
familiar with the construction of lace machinery by reference to the
diagrams and the following description illustrating the functions of the
guides, the hooks, the bobbin carriages, and the points, and their motions
in relation to each other and to the take up of the work.
Figures 2 and 3 are diagrams shewing two.positions of the hooks F in
relation to the warp guides C, and illustrating the manner in which
those threads are laid around the hooks to form loops for the passage of
the bobbins through the same. Referring now to Fig. 1, the hooks F,
having been lifted and thrown back through the warp threads to the
position shewn in that Figure and in Fig. 2 (thereby releasing the last
loops which they have brought up) the back point bar G' (whose points
retain the last formed knot) then receives a shogging motion, say to the
right hand. This will cause the warp threads to lap over the hooks, the
hooks advancing for the purpose. They will then commence their
descent, and the threads will at that time take the position shewn at
Fig. 3. Simultaneously with the depression of the hooks F the warp
thread guides C will rise, as shewn at Fig. 4, to form a second loop.
During the rise of the thread guides the warp threads a will be slackened
by the rise of the tension roller A¹ in its slotted guides, which rise is
effected by means of a cam provided for that purpose on the main cam
shaft. The warp threads will thus yield to the upward drag of the
thread guides and form a second loop, into which loops the points of
the now depressed front bar will enter (see Fig. 4) for the purpose of

page_text: holding the same while the guides descend. Simultaneously with the
descent of the guides C the front points G will rise (and thereby extend.
ing the loop, as shewn at Fig. 5) until near the back points G*, which
are meanwhile quiescent, holding the last formed knots. The hooks F,
having severally hold of the lower part of a loop of warp thread, fall
(while the points G are rising) until they reach their lowest position
(shewn at Fig. 5). By this descent a sufficiently large loop will be
formed for the passage through it of the carriage and bobbin D¹ carrying.
the weft thread from the back to the front combs. This passage of the
bobbin carriage is illustrated at Fig. 6, where the bobbin is shewn as
passing through the loop made by the hook F. This being effected, as
shewn at Fig. 7, the combs D' are shogged so as to allow the carriages.
to be returned to the back combs on the right side of the warp threads.
Thus the bobbins will be shifted from the position shewn at Fig. 7*
(corresponding with the side view Fig. 7) to the position shown at
Fig. 8* (which corresponds to the side view Fig. 8). This latter Figure
shews the bobbins returned to the back comb, and as having laid their
respective threads outside the second loop or that formed by the lifting
of the front point bar. A second shogging motion of the combs will
bring the bobbins again opposite the loops of warp threads, through
which they respectively passed on their passage from the back to the
front comb, or into the position shewn at Fig. 9*. The bobbins are then
again passed from the back to the front combs (as shewn at Fig. 9)
where they remain until required for the succeeding tie or knot. It only
then remains to release the hooks F from the loops and to tighten the.
knot by withdrawing the back points G* from the previously formed
row of knots and racking up the work beam one mesh, at which time
the operating parts will take the position shewn at Fig. 10 ready to
commence the next mesh or row of knots. In producing the next
succeeding row of knots a similar succession of motions will take place,
but as the knots will have to be tied in a reverse direction the shogging.
motion of the points G* will take place in an opposite direction to that
above described, for the points G and the passage of the bobbin carriage
through the loop will be in an opposite course, i.e., from front to back,
and its passage outside the loop, to get back to the front comb bar, will
be in the reverse side of the loop. Thus right and left handed ties will
be alternately made, as shewn in the enlarged diagrams Figures 11 and
12. By thus reversing the tie the strain upon the mesh is equalized or
balanced.

page_text: It will be obvious that the arrangement of mechanism above described
will require more or less modification to suit the fabric intended to be
produced.
Thus when operating with heavy yarns or twines for the manufacture
of fishing nets we propose to substitute shuttles for bobbins and carriages
carrying them on guide rods, or the carriages may be provided with
double grooves so as to be more firmly supported by the combs. The
hook bar may be shogged or tipped in place of the shogging of the
point bar.
The guide bar may also be differently operated for the same end.
according to the description of net or lace required to be made.
In order to make a secure and even selvage for fishing and other
knotted nets we omit in threading up the machine a warp thread at
such parts of the machine as will ensure the breaking of the continuity
of the work laterally to suit the width of work required. We then
operate the machine as above described, and we thereby, instead of
getting a knotted fabric of the whole width of the machine, which fabric
will require to be divided up longitudinally, obtain a breadth of net with
a straight and even selvage with an economy of material and of labour,
it being unnecessary as heretofore to cut the threads and to tie the
selvage knots by hand.
In order to make ornamental nets we weave the above described
knotted net in breadths interposed with ornamental nets of any desired
mesh or twist known in the lace trade, which ornamental breaths or
edgings may be spotted or otherwise ornamented. The changes requisite
to manufacture these ornamental breadths or edgings may be effected by
throwing out of action the hooks at any desired period of the work. For
this purpose the hooks will have an independent motion on their bar,
being made either elastic or jointed, to allow of jacquard apparatus
maintaining them in action. When this apparatus ceases to act upon
any hook it will fall out of position and miss the warp thread that would
otherwise be lapped upon it. The consequence of this will be that no
loop will be formed for the bobbin to enter, and thus the bobbin carriage
at its next throw will merely twist the bobbin thread round the warp.
At the next traverse motion of the carriage the bobbin thread will
take, say the next adjacent warp thread and form a transverse loop,

page_text: which may be worked into cloth or lace as desired. The like effect may
be produced on the knotted portion of the fabric.
•
Instead of the hooks operated by the jacquard apparatus we may use
additional bars for carrying additional warp thread guides and throwing
any desired number of threads into the work for the production of spots
or other figuring. These additional bars will be acted upon by a pattern
cam or its equivalent to give them an endway motion, and thereby to
throw their respective threads within the reach of the bobbin threads or
beyond their reach as desired. In this way the warp threads may be
woven into or left to float upon the work in a manner that will allow of
their ready removal by scissors after the work is removed from the
machine. Additional tension rollers will be required for the warps of
the additional guides.
Having now set forth the nature of our Invention of "Improvements
in Machinery for the Manufacture of Lace and Fishing and other Nets,"
and explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, we wish it to
be understood that under the above in part recited Letters Patent we
claim,―
First. The means above described with reference to the Drawings for
manufacturing knotted lace and fishing and other nets in a bobbin
net machine with the tie of the meshes made alternately in reverse
directions.
Secondly. In combination with the mechanism described for manu-
facturing knotted lace and nets the appliances above explained for
introducing fancy work into the lace or net.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Bellamy Payne have here-
unto set my hand and seal, the Twenty-fifth day of March,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.