Improvements relating to Methods of Producing, and Apparatus for Producing and Containing, Aerated or Gaseous Liquids.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Mar., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 31st May, 1893-Accepted, 24th June, 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to Methods of Producing, and Apparatus for
Producing and Containing, Aerated or Gaseous Liquids.
I, CHRISTOPHER HATTON of 17 Gauden Road, Clapham, in the County of
Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to methods of producing and apparatus for producing and
containing, aerated or gaseous liquids, and is very advantageous for aerating or
supplying carbonic acid or other gas to bottles or similar vessels containing mineral
waters, champagne or other wine, beer or the like.
The chief feature of my aerating apparatus or aerator relates to the provision
in combination with a portable container, hereinafter called the principal container,
for the highly compressed aerating gas, of a supplementary container, or in some
cases of two or more supplementary containers, which may be termed measuring
vessels inasmuch as their function is to determine the quantity of gas which at
each operation of the device shall be supplied to the syphon or other vessel
containing the liquid to be aerated; that is to say, the apparatus is so used that a
portion of the gas from the principal container is measured off into the secondary
or tertiary container as the case may be and from thence is discharged into the
syphon or other vessel. The thoroughfare leading from the principal container is
closed before such discharge takes place, and hence it follows that a regulated
quantity of gas sufficient for the purpose in view and adapted to the capacity of
the syphon or other vessel is discharged into the said vessel when the exit valve of
the secondary or tertiary container is opened. By this means waste of gas is
avoided, and all danger of bursting the vessel containing the liquid to be aerated
is obviated.
Another important feature of my invention consists in so constructing the
aerator that the principal container can be filled direct from the gas compressor.
The aforesaid aerator with its opening and closing devices is, according to my
invention, sometimes attached to the syphon or other vessel in such manner and
position as to be independent of the mouth of the said vessel and of the stopper
thereof. I sometimes however attach said devices to or combine them with the
ordinary syphon or other stopper.
By my said invention I am enabled to maintain a large supply of compressed
gas in a portable form in a vessel formed integrally with or adapted to be attached
to the ordinary bottle or syphon, and I thus considerably facilitate and cheapen
the use and manufacture of aerated waters as compared with the employment of
the ordinary methods of filling bottles and syphons, and also as compared with
systems wherein only one portable container is used which container is completely
emptied each time it is used, and which consequently must be detached and re-filled
very often.
The convenience of my method by which the contents of a large
number of bottles or the successive contents of one bottle may be aerated from one
such reservoir or container as above indicated is very obvious as compared with a
method wherein the ccntainer must be refilled after each discharge.
In carrying my invention into effect I provide according to one construction a
globular or cylindrical or other suitable vessel or container of suitable strength
and dimensions for holding the required quantity of highly compressed gas and I
provide the same with a two-part hollow screwed stem which constitutes a secondary
chamber which is fitted with a valve so arranged that by turning the container
with respect to one part of the two-part stem, the said valve can be made to open

page_text: or close the passage leading from the principal container into the secondary
chamber.
Suitable provision is made to prevent leakage of gas from the secondary chamber.
The said secondary chamber may be integral with the bottle or the stopper or it
may be constructed to be attached to the bottle or stopper. It is moreover
provided with a valve for opening and closing the outlet. The said valve is in
some cases attached to the stopper or bottle. By suitably turning the container,
either or both valves can be opened and closed as desired. I may use these valves
as the inlet valves when charging the container from the gas compressor, or I may
provide another valve for this purpose.
In a modification, the outlet valve of the secondary container is fixed to a
movable piece situated between the principal and secondary containers, which
movable piece also carries the outlet valve of the principal container.
I sometimes construct the syphon or other vessel with an opening at the shoulder
or breast so that the aerator may be applied and secured by suitable means to such
part of the vessel instead of at the neck and so be independent of the usual neck
fittings, whereby said fittings do not require to be modified, and hence the ordinary
syphon bottles at present in use with slight alteration can be retained.
In some
cases I attach the aerator to the ordinary metal stopper of the syphon bottle, which
stopper in this case is suitably modified for the purpose.
I may simplify the aerator in some instances by using only one container, which
is specially adapted for application to a screw stopper for example. In such case
I screw the container on the outside of the stopper or I provide it with a stem
which is adapted to pass axially through the stopper and be secured thereto by a
nut or otherwise. In the former case the valve is advantageously fixed on the top
of the stopper.
To facilitate the filling of a syphon or the like I sometimes provide a second
opening in the side thereof and fit the same with a suitable valve, and I attach to
this aperture suitable means for connecting the vessel with the supply cistern or
reservoir whereby the vessel may be fitted with liquid prior to impregnating such
liquid with gas, which impregnation is subsequently effected by the means herein-
above described. The liability to decomposition of the gas by long standing is
avoided by this method.
Dated this 15th day of March 1893.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to Methods of Producing, and Apparatus for
Producing and Containing, Aerated or Gaseous Liquids.
I, CHRISTOPHER HATTON, of 17 Gauden Road, Clapham, in the County of
Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to methods of producing, and apparatus for producing and
containing, aerated or gaseous liquids, and is very advantageous for aerating or
supplying carbonic acid or other gas to bottles or similar vessels containing mineral
waters champagne or other wine, beer or the like.
The chief feature of my aerating apparatus or aerator relates to the provision in
combination with a portable container, hereinafter called the principal container,
for the highly compressed aerating gas, of a supplementary container, or in some
cases of two or more supplementary containers, which may be termed measuring
vessels inasmuch as their function is to determine the quantity of gas which at each
operation of the device shall be supplied to the syphon or other vessel containing
the liquid to be aerated; that is to say, the apparatus is so used that a portion of

page_text: the gas from the principal container is measured off into the secondary or tertiary
container as the case may be and from thence is discharged into the syphon or
other vessel. The thoroughfare leading from the principal container is. closed
before such discharge takes place, and hence it follows that a regulated quantity of
gas sufficient for the purpose in view and adapted to the capacity of the syphon or
other vessel, the contents of which are to be aerated, is discharged into the said
vessel when the exit valve of the secondary or tertiary container is opened. By
this means waste of gas is avoided, and all danger of bursting the vessel containing
the liquid to be aerated is obviated.
Another important feature of my invention consists in so constructing the
aerator that the principal container can be filled direct from the gas compressor.
The aforesaid aerator with its opening and closing devices is, according to my
invention, sometimes attached to the syphon or other vessel in such manner and
position as to be independent of the mouth of the said vessel and of the stopper
thereof. I sometimes however attach said devices to or combine them with the
ordinary syphon or other stopper.
By my said invention I am enabled to maintain a large supply of compressed
gas in a portable form in a vessel formed integrally with or adapted to be attached
to the ordinary bottle or syphon, and I thus considerably facilitate and cheapen
the manufacture in small quantities in a convenient form for use of aerated waters
as compared with the ordinary methods of filling bottles and syphons, and also as com-
pared with systems wherein only one portable container is used which container is com-
pletely emptied each time it is used, or so exhausted as to be practically useless for
aerating or charging a second or fresh portion of liquid, and which consequently must
be detached and re-filled very often. The convenience of my method by which the
contents of a large number of bottles or the successive contents of one bottle may
be aerated from one such reservoir or container as above indicated is very obvious
as compared with a method wherein the container must be refilled after each
discharge.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure is a central longitudinal section of aerating apparatus constructed
according to my invention and adapted to be applied to a syphon.
Figure 2 is a central longitudinal section taken on the line .r, a, Figure 1.
Figures 3, 4 and 5 are central sections of modifications of my invention herein-
after described.
Figures 6 and 7 are sectional views showing the application of my invention to
ordinary screw stoppers for bottles.
Figure 8 is an outline view of a syphon having an opening at the breast and near
the base for a purpose hereinafter specified.
Like letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the drawings.
Referring to Figures 1 and 2 A is the principal container for holding the gas
under great pressure say 40 or 50 atmospheres as may be thought desirable, but
preferably in a liquid form. It may be of cylindrical or better still spherical shape
for greater strength and is constructed preferably of steel. I find it convenient to
make said containers of such a size that they will hold an amount of gas sufficient
to charge an ordinary syphon say 40 times, though of course I do not confine myself
to this size. B is a measuring vessel or secondary container of a size adapted to
contain one charge of gas. It is obvious in this type there is no restriction as to
the precise form of this secondary container, the essential condition being that it
measures off an amount of gas sufficient for one charge. Said vessel may be con-
structed in one with the metal cap or stopper of the syphon, as shown, or it may
be constructed to be screwed or otherwise secured thereto. The bottom wall of the
vessel B separates the measuring chamber from the interior of the syphon. C is a
coupling piece for connecting the vessel B to the suitably prepared mouth a of the
container A. c is a thoroughfare made through the piece C and forming a com-
munication between the vessel B and the container A. D is a screw-down valve
adapted to close said thoroughfare c. d is a packed gland to prevent escape of gas

page_text: the valve.
around the spindle D' of the valve D. I prefer to form a square on the outer end
of the spindle D¹ and to provide a key to fit same to be used for opening and closing
e is thoroughfare forming a communication between the measuring
chamber B and the syphon. E is a screw-down valve for opening and closing said
thoroughfare. e¹ is a packed gland for preventing escape of gas around the spindle E'
of the valve E. E² is a small hand wheel for turning said spindle to open and close
the valve.
F is the syphon valve; F is the spring for maintaining it against its seat;
F2 is the lever for opening the valve; F³ is the syphon spout. These parts are
constructed substantially as heretofore and form no part of the present invention.
The method of charging the syphon with gas is as follows, that is to say, the
syphon having been filled with water, or mineral water or other liquid up to the
proper or desired level, the valve E is shut down, and the valve D is opened to
allow the vessel B to fill with gas. Then the valve D is shut down tightly, and the
valve E is opened which allows the charge of gas in the vessel B to pass into the
syphon in order to aerate the contents of the same. The valve E is then again
closed and the syphon after being shaken a little is ready for use, the aerated liquid
being drawn off through the spout F3 in the usual manner. The process of charging
successive contents of the syphon can be repeated until the charge of gas in the
container A is exhausted, whereupon the whole apparatus can be removed from the
syphon and recharged by the ordinary gas compressors.
The container A can be recharged at any time by disconnecting the coupling-
piece C from the part B and connecting the said coupling-piece or socket with the
compressor, or it can be recharged by connecting the screwed part of the syphon
head with the said compressor.
Figure 3 illustrates a modified construction in which the valve D for closing the
container outlet is fixed on the end cover B¹ of the vessel B, and the valve E for
closing the outlet of the vessel B is mounted on a spindle G which passes axially
through the measuring chamber and is screwed into or otherwise very firmly or
securely mounted on the coupling piece C. The latter is indirectly connected with
the vessel B through the intervention of a ring C₁ to which it may be secured by
screwing and by locking screws C2 or otherwise. Packing material B2 is provided
between the cover B₁ and the end of the vessel B to prevent leakage of gas
thereat.
In this construction the syphon is provided with a screw-down outlet valve H
mounted on a screw-threaded spindle H¹ on the outer end of which is secured a
small wheel H. H is a removable plug that admits of the valve being taken out
when desired.
The apparatus is shown screwed on a metal ring J which is secured on the syphon
neck K. I is a packing ring to make a joint on the rim of the syphon neck to
prevent leakage thereât. The ordinary outlet stem L is mounted in a coned
part L' which is flanged at its upper end and is received in a recess L³ provided in
the metal of the stopper. The lower face of the said flange beds on the packing
material I.
In the drawing, the valve D is shown open and the valve E closed, consequently
the measuring vessel B is filled with gas. To charge the syphon the container A is
rapidly turned to screw same down upon the vessel B so as to shut the valve D and
thus close the opening c leading from the container A. The spindle G is obviously
carried down with the coupling C and consequently the valve E is opened thereby
allowing the measured quantity of gas to enter the syphon and aerate the contents
thereof. By turning the container A in the reverse direction the valve E is closed
and the valve D is opened whereupon the vessel B receives another charge. The
outlet valve H of the syphon is shown open, but of course this valve is kept closed
while the charging is effected.
Figure 4 shows a further slight modification of construction in which the
valve D is formed by a ring of rubber or other suitable material secured around
its edge in an annular recess in the part C and is so arranged that when the part C

page_text: is screwed down the said ring is pressed by the end of the vessel B against the
end of the coupling C and closes the openings c in the latter. An annular
beading B2 may be formed on the end of the vessel B to bear against the ring D.
opposite the holes c to ensure the holes being properly closed when the part C is
screwed down. As in the construction last described the valve E is opened and
closed simultaneously with the closing and opening of the valve D.
M is a screw plug in the side of the stopper which can be removed to admit of
filling the syphon with fresh liquid without disturbing the stopper or parts above.
described connected therewith.
Referring now to the construction illustrated in Figure 5 it will be seen that the
central spindle G of Figures 3 and 4 is dispensed with, and the valve E is mounted
or rests on a part N which may be adapted to be screwed or otherwise attached to.
to the neck of a bottle or other vessel, or it may be affixed to a screw stopper such
as shown in Figure 6.
The measuring or secondary vessel B may be made integral with a part N which
is screwed on the part N', or it may be constructed to be attached to said part N
as for example by screwing as shown in the drawing. Suitable packing N2 is
fitted within an annular recess provided under the head of the part N' to form a
joint to prevent leakage when the part N is slacked back to open the valve E.
Packing is also provided at p to prevent leakage around the head or top of the
measuring chamber B. In this construction the valves, D, E are independent of
each other, and consequently the valve D can be properly closed, after measuring
off a charge of gas in the vessel B, before the valve E is opened to pass such,
charge into the bottle or other vessel.
For recharging the main container, the apparatus can be disconnected from the
bottle and attached to the compressor, when the valves E and D serve as the inlet
valves which are successively shut down as soon as the container A. and measuring
vessel B are filled.
I may simplify the aerator in some instances by using only one container, which
is specially adapted for application to a screw stopper for example. In such case I
screw the container on the outside of the stopper or I provide it with a stem which
is adapted to pass axially through the stopper and be secured thereto by a nut or
otherwise. In the former case the valve is advantageously mounted on the top of
the stopper.
Such a device is shown in Figure 6 applied to an ordinary screw bottle stopper..
O is the stopper: P is block formed with a hollow stem Pl adapted to pass through
a hole formed axially in the stopper, and to be secured by a nut P2 at its lower
end, provision being made to prevent the block P and its stem turning with respect
to the stopper when the container is moved round to open or close the outlet, c..
A suitable washer p2 is provided to prevent escape of gas or liquid from the bottle.
D is a valve mounted on the top of the piece P; e is a small hole leading from the
top of the piece P into the hollow stem. A is the container which is screwed into.
a coupling piece C that is screwed on the piece P. p is a packing ring placed
between corresponding shoulders on the piece P and connector () to prevent
leakage. cis the outlet from the container. By turning the container and
connector C the latter may be screwed down until the valve D closes the
orifice or slacked back to open said orifice. When the orifice is open the
gas passes therethrough and then down the passage e and through the hollow
stem into the bottle.
Figure 7 shows a simplified construction wherein the container A is formed with
a projecting part A' adapted to screw on the top of the stopper O which is suitably
formed and screw-threaded to receive said part A'.
O is a removable ring to admit of the container being placed in position, and
which forms a collar between which and the inner shoulder A' of the part A¹ is
placed suitable packing material to prevent leakage thereat when the container is
slacked back. The valve D for closing the outlet c of the container is mounted on.
the top of the stopper.

page_text: I sometimes construct the syphon or other vessel with an opening Q Figure 8 at
the shoulder or breast so that the aerator may be applied and secured by suitable
means, such for example as those shown in Figure 3 for securing the aerator to the
syphon neck, to such part of the vessel instead of at the neck and so be
independent of the usual neck fittings whereby said fittings do not require to be
modified, and hence the ordinary syphon bottles at present in use with slight
alterations can be retained.
To facilitate the filling of a syphon or the like I sometimes provide a second
opening R in the side thereof near the base, and fit the same with a suitable valve,
and I attach to the neck of this aperture suitable means for connecting the vessel
with the supply cistern or reservoir whereby the vessel may be filled with liquid
prior to or simultaneously with the impregnation of such liquid with gas.
This construction of syphon is very important especially for those cases where it
is desired to secure a continuity of supply for example in refreshment bars and the
like. The syphon can be fixed or not as may be desired on the bar and can be
connected to the supply of liquid and to the aerator in such a manner that when
the syphon requires to be refilled all that it is necessary to do is to turn a tap to
allow more liquid to flow in by the opening R, and simultaneously or subsequently
turn on the aerating gas to aerate the fresh liquid so introduced. The container
for the gas may be a very large one so as to serve for a considerable period. The
secondary or measuring chamber intermediate of the syphon and principal container
is made large enough to contain one charge and may be of any desired shape. For
example, I may use a coil of pipe to constitute said chamber. By this means I
secure a continuity of supply of aerated liquid without breaking the connections
of the syphon or other vessel either for the purpose of refilling with liquid or for
affixing the gas container. The connections of the syphon to the gas container
and the vessel containing the supply of liquid may be flexible if desired.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. A method of producing an aerated or gaseous liquid which consists in
measuring off the required quantity of aerating gas from a portable container into
a measuring vessel connected with said container, and then discharging said
measured quantity of gas into the bottle or other vessel containing the liquid to be
aerated, substantially as described.
2. In apparatus for producing aerated or gaseous liquids, the combination with a
vessel for containing a store of gas, of a secondary or measuring vessel and valves
for closing the inlet and outlet openings of said measuring vessel, for the purpose
specified.
3. A combined screw-stopper and aerating apparatus, for the purpose specified.
4. Aerating apparatus constructed substantially as described with reference to
any of the Figures 1 to 7 of the accompanying drawings, and operating as
specified.
5. A syphon having an opening at the breast or near the foot, or both at the
breast and near the foot, for the purpose specified.
6. A. syphon having an ordinary head and fittings for drawing off the contents,
and two inlet openings at the side in combination with an aerator attached to the
syphon at one of said openings and a supply vessel connected with the syphon
at the other of said openings, substantially as described, for the purpose specified.
Dated this 31st day of May 1893.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.