IMPROVED APPARATUSES FOR THE CONCEN- TRATION, DISTRIBUTION, AND APPLICATION OF THE HEAT EVOLVED BY GAB, OLL, AND OTHER LAMPS
Year: 1859

page_text: and Foreign Patent Offices, 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire
of France, for the Invention of "IMPROVED APPARATUSES FOR THE CONCEN-
TRATION, DISTRIBUTION, AND APPLICATION OF THE HEAT EVOLVED BY GAB,
OLL, AND OTHER LAMPS."-A communication from Henri Auguste D'Arbel,
Cont of Dania
Mennons at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition
and Declaration, on the 14th November 1859, pursuant to the 9th Section.
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MARC
ANTOINE FRANCOIS MENNONS, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices, 39,
Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of France, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUSES
FOR THE CONCENTRATION, DISTRIBUTION, AND APPLICATION OF THE HEAT EVOLVED
BY GAB, OIL, AND OTHER LAMPS," communicated to me by Henri Auguste
D'Arbel, Sen, and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the same,
and made solemn declaration that it is a communication
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Marc Antoine Francois Mennons, do
hereby declare that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and

page_text: seal, fully describes and ascertains the nature of the Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, reference being had to the
accompanying Drawings, that is to say:-
The Invention communicated to me consists in an improved arrangement of
apparatus by means of which the heat of gas, oil, and other lamps is effectually
economised and applied to general heating and culinary purposes, without
interfering with the light produced. The nature of this arrangement will be
readily understood by reference to the several Figures of the annexed Draw-
ings, in which the different parts composing the system are represented sepa-
rately and in combination.
Figure 1 represents a stove in its simplest form, composed of three principal
parts, the outer case or envelope A, the supports B, and the sole plate C.
The case or envelope A, which forms a main feature of the apparatus, is com-
posed of the furnace or upper section and the heat chamber a below. The
height of the latter, which varies little in the different forms, should be about
four inches. A' moveable lid, as in Fig. 3, is adapted to the envelope, which
is open below, and pierced in its circumference with orifices closed at will by
any suitable means. If so required, a doorway closed by a slide piece or
otherwise may be formed in one of the sides. The heat is supplied to the
apparatus, as seen in the Drawings, by one or several lamps or gas burners
placed so that the chimnies may penetrate to about one inch in the heat
chamber a, while the light produced serves at the same time for the illumi-
nation of the appartment. In this state the apparatus is quickly heated, and
answers already the purpose of a stove, the radiation of the light being aided
by a coating of white applied to the support, or by a moveable reflector, as
seen in Figure 2.
To condense and preserve or distribute the heat in the primitive form of
stove above described, a number of accessories are fitted to the interior. The
first of these accessories is a second or inner coffer placed within the enve-
lope A above the heat chamber a, at a distance of about one-half inch on
each side from the inner surface of the former, and to about one-half or iwo-
thirds of its height. This inner coffer is, like its envelope, provided with a
moveable lid pierced with holes to let off when required the steam which may
be disengaged; these holes are closed at will by stoppers or slides. The sheet
metal of which the coffer is composed is bent inwards at the bottom of each
side to a distance of about one and a half or two inches, as in c. d. Fig. 3, so
as to form a bracket or support for the objects to be placed within. At the
outside of the four lower angles are fixed four double metallic brackets secured
by screw bolts from the inside, as in e, f, Fig. 3. Into these brackets are.

page_text: screwed the upper ends of the four supports, which, as seen in the Drawing,
pass through the lower edges of the outer coffer or envelope bent inwards at
right angles; the whole is thus effectually consolidated. The moveable heat
concentrators and directors are fitted, as hereafter described, in the interior of
the inner case and in the heat chamber; in the latter are placed the large and
small metallic chimnies and the smoke consumer.
The small chimney is a bottomless case, Fig. 4, which is laid in the lower
part of the chamber, carrying upwards almost all the products of the com-
bustion, and preventing the too speedy radiation or dispersion of the heat.
The large chimney is composed of a case similar to the other, but of less
height, and provided with a truncated cone surmounted by a smaller cone
reversed (Fig. 5.) The use of this apparatus is (the smoke consumer being
suppressed) to convey the heat to any required height in, the inner case. The
smoke consumer is composed of two or three, superposed cones in metal or other
suitable matter, joined to each other at the apex, and suspended below the centre
of the inner coffer by means of a moveable cross piece resting on the brackets at
each side. The base edges of each of these cones are slightly curved upwards
at the inside, as seen in g. Fig. 3, forming recipients. for the condensed
products of combustion. Their dimensions vary according to circumstances,
but as a general rule the diameter, at the base of the outer cone should be
about double that of the lamp chimney. The moveable pieces of the inner
coffer are of two kinds; the first series act simply as heat concentrators, the
second. collect the heat, and serve at the same time as, domestic and culinary
utensils of different forms. The concentrators are, composed of a cylinder and
series of cones; the cylinder is a simple section of sheet metal tube (a piece of
stove flue, for instance) pierced with several small holes at the lower end, and
provided with one or two larger openings, which may be closed at will by
slides. Its diameter should be slightly below that of the inner coffer within
which it is placed supported by the brackets, thus forming a third case.
Within this cylinder or third case are placed the cones Figs. 6 and 7, also
formed of sheet metal, and sufficiently wide at the base to rest on the brackets
of the coffer.
The first of these cones (Fig. 6) is open at the top, and serves as support to
the boilers hereafter described like the cylinder, it is pierced with a number
of small holes, and forms the fourth case of the apparatus. The second or
pointed cone, Fig. 7, is somewhat smaller than the one just described, by
which, when in position, it is completely enveloped, forming the fifth case of
he apparatus.
By transposing or reversing these moveable pieces, the heat may be directed

page_text: to any desired point of the coffer or annulled almost completely, affording as
required a current of hot or cold air. For the latter it is simply necessary to
place the outer air in communication with the upper part of the apparatus
by means of a small tube, one extremity of which is fitted to one of the air
orifices of the outer envelope, while the other is adapted to an opening in the
window of the appartment. When hot ventilation is desired, the tubing
instead of communicating with the upper section of the apparatus, as above,
should be fitted to an orifice of the heat chamber, near the top of the lamp
chimney. The cold air from the exterior is thus heated in its passage towards
the inner coffer, from whence it is thrown into the appartment.
As above noted, a second series of moveable pieces find place in the inner
coffer, serving at the same time as heat concentrators, and as utensils of various
kinds for domestic and culinary purposes. As types of this class may be noted
the brickholders, which when filled and in position serve as general heaters,
and as foot warmers, when removed from the apparatus, the hot water reser-
voirs, the baking ovens, the boilers, and the double boiler lids
The brickholders are bottomless cases, as seen in Fig. 4, constructed of thin
sheet metal, the lower edges of which are, like the main coffers of the appa-
ratus, lapped inwards to form brackets, on which are placed at will the bricks
to be heated, or the moveable plates shewn in Fig. 8. A series of five or six
of these cases should be provided for each apparatus, their dimensions being
so graduated that the sides of each may slightly overlap the preceding one
when in position. The bricks to be heated are placed in these cases, with
a slight spacing between each, so that when the whole series is piled in the
second coffer of the apparatus, the heat may penetrate through the mass by an
uninterrupted range of canals. By this arrangement from thirty to thirty-six
bricks may be in a short time brought to a high temperature by a single lamp
or gas burner. In this state the upper layer may be used as a general heating
surface, or the cases, with their contents, may be removed one by one, and
employed as foot warmers.
The hot water reservoirs, shewn in Fig. 9, are heated either directly over
the lamp, or on the upper set of bricks arranged as above. These reservoirs
are provided with two tubulures with moveable stoppers for the introduction of
the water and the escape of the steam.
The baking ovens, as shewn in Fig. 10, are composed of two metallic cases,
one within the other, and are covered either by a moveable lid, or (when
required to be heated all round) by one of the brickholders.
Figures 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, represent a collection of boilers, digesters,
&c., &c. the essential feature of which is the multiplication of the heating

page_text: surfaces. Fig. 11 represents a boiler formed of three vases, nested one within
the other, the two inner ones being provided near the upper edge with a
projecting collar or series of stops to maintain them in position. The free
spaces between the two outer vases are filled with water, which is rapidly
brought into ebullition and maintains the contents of the smaller recipient at a
high temperature without risk of burning. If so required, one of these vases
may be suppressed.
Fig. 12 represents another boiler, in which the action of the heat is
accelerated by a number of tubes fitted into the bottom, and closed at the
lower extremities, which are exposed to the lamp. These tubes are sur-
rounded by a pierced metal cylinder to concentrate the heat. It will be
readily understood that the small quantity of liquid contained in them is
quickly brought to a high temperature, and by its constant ascension and
renewal in and from the superposed mass accelerates considerably the heating
of the latter. This arrangement may be completed by a false bottom or
strainer of pierced sheet metal, to prevent the choking of the tubes by the
solid matters which may be contained in the boiler.
Figs. 13, 14, 15, represent three boilers or digesters in which the same
multiplication of heating surfaces is obtained by the reverse arrangement to
that just described. In these digesters the tubes open to the outside on a
level with the bottom, into which they are fitted, and pass to the interior.
where they are either closed at a certain distance from the top, as in Fig. 13,
or carried through the whole length of the digesters, as in Figs. 14, 15, their
upper extremities being in this case left open or closed at will by a moveable
stopper.
Fig. 16 represents another form of digester, completed by a double lid or
recipient, and serving as a water oven when a low regular temperature is
required.
Fig. 17 represents a miniature oven or furnace heated by an ordinary
argand lamp, on which it is supported by metallic rods, terminated by a screw
collar or clamp. When in use, the lamp is set in the moveable foot, Fig. 18,
in cast iron, lead, or zinc, and secured by thumb screws. The interior of this
oven is distributed in the same way as the large furnace above described.
Figs. 19, 20, represent another form of miniature oven or furnace of the
same kind, and mounted on brackets or suspended over a gas burner or lamp.
Fig. 21 represents a stove, the upper part of which contains the heat
coffers and other accessories acted on by iwo or more lamps or gas burners,
which may, if so required, be hidden from view by screens, transparent or
otherwise.

page_text: Figs. 22, 23, represent vertical and horizontal sections of three of those
stoves in one range.
Fig. 24 represents an ornamental stove with the same internal arrange-
ment.
It is unnecessary to observe that in the various forms of apparatus above
described the dimensions and general details of construction depend-entirely
on the intended applications, and on the volume or intensity of heat required,
as also on the number of lamps or burners to be employed.
The essential base of the Invention is the arrangement of double coffers
represented in Fig. 3, with the inner cones and cylinder acting as concentrators
and directors of the heat evolved, the system being completed by the secondary
apparatus represented in Figs. 4, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, serving at the
same time as condensers of the heat, and as domestic and culinary utensils:
I therefore claim largely the general construction and arrangement, sub-
stantially as above described, and represented in Figure 3, of a system of
stoves or furnaces heated by oil or gas lamps without interfering with the
light of the latter, as also of the different utensils represented in Figures
4, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, by means of which those stoves are when
required, rendered applicable to culinary and other domestic purposes.
In witness whereof, J, the said Marc Antoine Francois Mennons, have
hereto set my hand and seal, this Ninth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.