IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William McCausland at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th August 1882.
WILLIAM MCCAUSLAND, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, Ireland; Merchant,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS
"
My Invention relates to churns and is designed to provide, in a simple and
efficient manner, means whereby a constant supply of air may be furnished to the
milk or cream during the time the churning operation is proceeding, the result
being that the labour is diminished and a larger quantity of butter is obtained
from a given quantity of milk or cream, and in less time, as compared with the
churns heretofore employed.
My Invention is designed to be employed in connection with what are known as
"Holstein "churns or with any churns in which the tub or vessel for containing
the milk or cream is placed in a vertical position and has within it a vertical
spindle or spindles to which beaters are attached, the churning being effected by
the rotation of this spindle and the beaters which cause the milk or cream to be
agitated.
According to my Invention I make the vertical parts of the beaters hollow
instead of solid, that is to say they are tubes, and of such length that the upper end
of each one extends above the level at which the milk or cream stands in the
vessel, and the lower end close to the bottom of the tub or vessel. Furthermore
I curve the upper end of these tubes or hollow beaters forward and the lower end
backward, and both ends may, if desirable, be made bell-mouthed or flaring. As
these tubular beaters are rotated the air enters the same at the top and is caused
to descend therethrough and to mix with the milk or cream at the bottom of the
tub or vessel. The rapid rotation of the said beaters causes the air to be driven in
at the upper ends and the suction at the bottom acts powerfully in drawing the air
downward.
It will be obvious that when the beaters are in motion a continuous stream of
air will flow down the same into the milk or cream, which air commences to
combine therewith at the bottom of the tub or vessel and continues to be mixed
with it through the entire body thereof as the air rises to the surface.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William McCausland in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
17th February 1883.
WILLIAM MCCAUSLAND, of Belfast in the County of Antrim, Ireland, Merchant,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS
دو
My invention relates to churns, and its object is to provide simple and efficient
means whereby a constant supply of air will be furnished to the milk or cream
during the operation of churning. My improved churns present the following
advantages as compared with the churns heretofore employed, that is to say, the
labour is diminished and a larger quantity of butter is obtained from a given
quantity of milk or cream, and in less time.
My invention is designed to be employed in connection with what are known as
"Holstein" churns, or with other churns in which the tub or vessel for containing
the milk or cream is placed in a vertical position and has within it a vertical
spindle or spindles to which beaters or dashers are attached, the churning being
effected by the rotation of this spindle and the beaters, whereby the milk or cream
is agitated.
According to my invention I make the vertical parts of the beaters or dashers
hollow instead of solid, that is to say, they are made in the form of tubes and of
such length that the upper end of each tube extends above the level at which the
milk or cream ordinarily stands in the vessel, and the lower end extends nearly to
the bottom of the tub or vessel; I construct these tubular beaters as hereinafter
set forth so that, when they are rotated, the air enters them at their upper ends and
is caused to descend and pass out of their lower ends to mix with the milk or
cream at the bottom of the tub or vessel. The rapid rotation of the said beaters
causes the air to be forced in at the upper ends and the suction at the bottom acts
powerfully in drawing the air downward.
It will be obvious that, when the beaters are in motion, a continuous stream of air
will flow down the same into the milk or cream, which air will commence to
combine therewith at the bottom of the tub or vessel and will continue to be mixed
through the entire body of the milk or creain as the air rises to the surface.
In the accompanying drawing I have illustrated various modes of carrying my
said invention into practice.
Figure 1 is a plan of a churn in which the beaters or dashers are constructed
according to my invention.
Figure 2 is a vertical central section of the same.
Figure 3 is a side elevation of one of the tubular beaters.
Figure 4 is a side elevation of a modification of the said beater.
Figure 5 is a longitudinal section of a further modification thereof, and
Figure 6 is a plan of a churn with two sets of beaters or dashers adapted to
rotate in opposite directions.
Like letters indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawing.
a represents the tub or vessel, b the central vertical shaft or spindle, to which are
fixed arms c carrying at their outer ends the beaters or dashers d. These dashers
are made tubular and are bent at their lower ends in the direction opposite to that
in which they are to be rotated, as shown at d¹ in Figures 1 and 3, and at their
upper ends they are bent in the same direction in which they are to be rotated, as
shown at din Figures 1 and 3, for the purpose above specified. When these
beaters are rotated, the air enters them at d³ and passes out at d' as indicated by
the arrows in Figure 3.

page_text: In some cases I may construct the said beaters or dashers as shown in Figure 4,
that is to say, straight at the top and bent at the bottom, or I may construct them
as shown in Figure 5 with their ends closed and having apertures at opposite sides,
one at the upper and the other at the lower end, as shown at d¹, d³.
The beaters can be constructed according to either of the modes above described,
when they are to be employed in churns having two sets of beaters as shown in
Figure 6.
Having thus fully described my said invention and the manner of performing
the same, I wish it understood that I claim, in a churn, the improved tubular beaters
or dashers, constructed substantially as above described, whereby a constant supply
of air is furnished to the milk or cream during the operation of churning.
In witness whereof I the said William McCausland have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Fourteenth day of February in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.
WILLIAM M°CAUSLAND (LS.)