matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING WOOL FOR DYEING AND SPINNING
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Busfield and Jonathan
Eastwood, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 10th February 1862.
We, JOHN BUSFIELD, of Bradford, in the County of York; Worsted
Spinner, and JONATHAN EASTWOOD, of the same Place, Machine Maker, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING WOOL FOR DYEING AND SPINNING," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to means of producing uniformity of twist in slivers
of wool preparatory for the dyeing process, and also for taking out the twist
of slivers of wool preparatory for drawing and spinning.
The apparatus consists of suitable framing on which are mounted two pairs
of nipping rollers for drawing the sliver forward from the ball, which is
placed in a receptacle or cylindrical vessel mounted centrally upon a vertical
spindle, to which variable rotary motion is given by means of a friction wheel
applied to the bottom of the vessel, which forms a friction plate. This friction
wheel is capable of sliding on a shaft by which it is driven, and receives rotary
motion through a train of gearing from the drawing rollers. The said friction
wheel is moved to or from the spindle or centre of the cylindrical vessel by a
rod connected to a stud, plate, or crank fixed on a shaft, to which rotary
motion is also communicated by the gearing, and which is so arranged as to
produce or give any desirable variation of speed to the vessel. A ball of

page_text: sliver is placed in the vessel, and the inner end of the said sliver is passed
through a central hole in a portable rail placed across the top of the vessel,
and thence betwixt one of the pairs of rollers to the other pair, which draws it
forward at a uniform speed. If it be required to produce twist in the sliver,
then the friction wheel is placed or arranged so as to act upon the outer part
or edge of the plate or bottom of the vessel, at the commencement giving a
slow motion thereto, which gradually increases as the friction wheel moves
nearer to the centre of the plate. The variation in speed is regulated
according to the increasing interior diameter of the ball as the sliver is drawn
out therefrom, and as the sliver is delivered from the rollers it is wound upon
a swift or reel which receives motion from the rollers. If it is required to
take the twist out of such slivers, then the friction wheel is placed nearest to
the centre of the plate at the commencement, thus producing a quick rotation
of the vessel, and slides outward from the centre as the sliver is drawn from
the interior of the ball, the speed of the vessel diminishing in proportion, and
the sliver passed from the rollers into a can ready to be taken to the next
machine or process..
By means of this Invention we reduce the number of machines and pro-
cesses required, and consequently the cost thereof, and also diminish labour
and power..
IMPROVEMENTS IN ARMOUR FOR SHIPS OF WAR
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Hammond at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th October
1862.
I, ROBERT HAMMOND, of No. 4, Trafalgar Square, Charing Cross, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ARMOUR FOR SHIPS OF WAR," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a novel construction of iron or steel armour for
ships of war, the object being to dispense with the present solid armour plates,
and to substitute armour of a less weight, possessing greater resisting power,
and costing much less than plate armour.
I propose to construct, either by rolling or otherwise, a series of bars of iron
or steel somewhat in the form shewn at a in the Drawing hereto annexed,
which represents a transverse vertical section of the bars and portion of the
side of a vessel, the interior or central part of the bar being hollowed out for
the purpose of receiving the head of a bolt b, as shewn. These bars are
arranged in rows one above the other, as seen in the Drawing, and between
each row another row of smaller bars c, of about the form shewn in the
Drawing, is to be adjusted. The bars are bored diametrically, as shewn, in
order to permit a series of bolts or a continuous dowel d to pass through
them and through the heads of the horizontal bolts b, which are bored accord-
ingly. A layer or coating of vulcanised india-rubber from two to four inches
thick, g, is to be placed between the armour and the teak or timber, in order
to form a soft yielding or elastic surface for the iron, and to lessen the shock

page_text: of projectiles upon the armour. The horizontal bolts are shewn broken off;
their length may be as desired, in order to enclose teak or timber, and iron or
steel lining, and the nuts fare to be firmly screwed up, so as to tighten the
entire construction and form a solid mass or wall to the ship. The conical
pointed heads of the bars and the surfaces presented thereby will afford an
efficient protection to ships of war. The smaller bars c by their construction
will be held firmly between the larger series a, and will not therefore require a
dowel.
The conical surfaces of the bars exposed to the action of shot or shell may
be modified as desired, according as may be found most serviceable in practice.
The adoption of this Invention will not impede the progress or speed of
vessels of war, nor will it render them in any way unsightly.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DEODORIZING REFUSE, ORGANIC, FECAL, AND URINOUS MATTERS, AND METHOD OF UTILIZING COAL AND OTHER ASHES, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPA- BATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH FOR PRODUCING A PORTABLE MANURE THEREFROM
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Harrop and James Wads-
worth at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 3rd October 1862.
We, JOHN HARROP, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Analytical
Chemist, and JAMES WADSWORTH, of Salford, in the same County, Machinist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DEODORIZING REFUSE, ORGANIC, FECAL, AND URINOUS MATTERS, AND
METHOD OF UTILIZING COAL AND OTHER ASHES, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPA-
BATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH FOR PRODUCING A PORTABLE MANURE THEREFROM," to
be as follows:-
Our Invention consists, first, in the use and application of chloride of
sodium (muriate of soda or common salt) either dry, crystalized, or in a
solution as a disinfectant or deodorizer; also the admixture with chloride of
sodium (muriate of soda or common salt) either dry, crystalized, or in solution
of any resinous, sooty, earthy, vegetable, metallic, or alkaline matters (except
oleaginous matters) as a disinfectant or deodorizer for the purpose of
deodorizing and preventing the generation and escape of noxious effluvia in
refuse, organic, fecal, and urinous matters, and by so doing to remove or
prevent the exhalation of the noxious effluvia.
Secondly, our Invention consists in converting such refuse, organic, fecal,
and urinous matters into a concentrated portable manure, as follows:- In

page_text: order to prevent the escape of the free ammonia from the excremental,
fecal, and urinous matters in the process of manufacture, we neutralize or
combine the said free ammonia with the hydro-chloride acid (muriate acid or
spirit of salt) of commerce; and, further, by the process of evaporation in
stills, pans, or boilers by the aid of steam, and hot and cold currents of air,
and the application of a steam pump for the purpose of exhausting rapidly
the generated steam or vapour produced by evaporation of the fecal, urinous
matters in the stills, pans, or boilers. We also compound or mix with
such produce the common ashes and cinders of coal, wood, peat, or other fuel
collected from dwelling-houses, warehouses, offices, works, and other sources,
by mechanical means, from such ashes those elements which are useful and
necessary in the mixing and compounding of the manure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER AND OTHER PRODUCTIONS IN WHICH FIBROUS MATERIAL IS EMPLOYED
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Harben at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th August
1862.
I, HENRY HARBEN, of Oxford Villa, Haverstock Hill, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER AND OTHER PRODUCTIONS IN WHICH
FIBROUS MATERIAL IS EMPLOYED," to be as follows:-
I use seaweed or other aquatic vegetable production, and cleanse same in fresh
water, and steep same in naptha or spirits of wine, or in a mixture of either of
them and water, or in chlorine, or in any gas or liquid, or composition pos-
sessing the requisite bleaching properties. When sufficiently prepared, I reduce
the material into pulp by the usual or best known process, and when so
reduced into pulp it is adapted for the manufacture of paper, card board, mill
board, and papier mache, and treated according to the most approved methods
in use in any or either of such manufactures, or the steeping process may be
applied to the pulp in lieu of the raw production, or the weed or other aquatic
vegetable matter may be scarified before reducing into pulp. Some descrip-
tions of weed or plant after cleansing in fresh water, may be bleached suffi-
ciently by exposure to the sun or air.
I claim the right to manufacture, according to my said Invention, paper,
card board, mill board, papier maché, and all and every, or any other similar
production in which fibrous material is employed, or to which it can be
applied.
CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SHAFTS FOR STEAMBOATS AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Krupp at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th March
1862.
I, ALFRED KRUPP, of Essen, in Rhenish Prussia, Cast Steel Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SHAFTS FOR STEAMBOATS AND OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has relation to the construction of shafts for steamboats and
other purposes, whereby I am enabled to form large shafts of two or more
parts, coupling the same together as follows:-I form on the end or ends of
each portion of the shaft a flange, in the centre of which and corresponding
with the centre of the shaft is a projection or a hollow, as the case may be,
the projection on one end of the shaft fitting into the hollow in the end of the
contiguous portion of the shaft. The two flanges on the two ends of two
portions of the shaft when brought together should exactly fit, and there is
formed round the circumference of the flanges (one-half being in each) a rib.
The flanges are bolted together with strong bolts and nuts or rivets. I cut
into the flanges two, three, or more keyways, radiating towards the centre of
the shaft, and fit into these keyways correspondingly shaped keys. The key-
ways should be so cut as that half the thickness should be in each flange.
When these keys are inserted, I take a hoop of the same width as the two
flanges when combined. This hoop is divided into two or more parts and

page_text: placed round the circumference of the flanges, the inside of the hoop having a
groove or recess corresponding with the rib on the circumference of the flanges.
This hoop may be in one piece if thought desirable, in which case the hoop
must be expanded by heat till sufficient to pass over the rib on the flanges.
I then shrink on the outside of this hoop a steel or iron ring, which tends to
bind the whole more securely together. By this arrangement I am enabled
to form crank shafts in two or more pieces coupled together, having two or
more cranks and of larger dimensions than can conveniently or economically
be forged in one piece. This arrangement is also applicable to straight shafts
for propellers or for shafting generally, whether in steel, or iron, or other
metal, where it is desirable to use a coupling to form a shaft of large
dimensions.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INSTRUMENTS FOR DRAWING OVALE
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Joseph Hale at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th April
1862.
I, ALFRED JOSEPH HALE, of William Street, Margaret Street, Clerkenwell,
in the County of Middlesex, Die Sinker, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN INSTRUMENTS FOR DRAWING OVALE," to be
as follows:-
The annexed Drawing represents an instrument for drawing oval or elliptical
figures, constructed according to my Invention. a is the pillar or stem
constituting the principal part and support of the instrument; on this stem is
fitted a socket or tube b, which rests on the bracket or arm piece c, jointed to
stem a, and is furnished at top with a knurled head d, by which the instrument
is held by the finger and thumb of the left hand. The stem a revolves freely
within tube 6. The arm piece or bracket c is jointed at e on the stem, on
which it revolves as a fulcrum. The arm fis fixed in c, while the limb g is
jointed therein; this limb g has a quadrant piece h received in a slot in the
bracket piece c, in which it is fixed by a thumbscrew i in position, according
to the radius of the figure to be described. The limb g is furnished with a
sliding tube, which carries the Drawing instrument at the lower part while
the upper end is free to slide on limb g, but in which it is controlled by the
link m, which connects it with the stem a; on the tube b is fixed an oval or
elliptical piece of metal k, against whose oval periphery the limb f is con-
stantly pressed by a spring n. This oval piece k can be slid up and down on

page_text: tube b, and fixed by thrust screw p in any position of elevation within its
limits; it is, however, prevented turning on tube 6 by a feather 9. According
to the position of this oval so will the oval described have greater or less length
in proportion to its breadth. The size of figure described is regulated by the
limb 9 and pinching screw i. In operating with the instrument the stem a
is held in position perpendicular to the plane of the surface on which the
figure is to be described by the left hand, as before mentioned, and the stem
turned round by the right hand acting, on the thumb head r fixed to the top
of stem a.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REEFING AND FURLING SAILS FROM THE DECK
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Butcher at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th April
1862.
I, MATTHEW BUTCHER, of Great Yarmouth, in the County of Norfolk, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR REEFING AND FURLING SAILS FROM THE DECK," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of certain apparatus for reefing and furling sails
from the decks of ships or vessels, and combines simplicity, usefulness, and great
economy not in any way equalled by the methods at present in use, as reef
tackles, clew lines, bunt lines, reef points, studding sail booms, and boom irons
are entirely dispensed with, consequently a considerable saving is effected in
rope and other materials. Two booms are introduced, which supply the place
of the common yard, and are jointly only ths of its usual size. The top sail
can be close reefed by one hand lowering the halyards, and can if required be
further reduced or furled by slacking away on the hoisting part of the halyards
and manning the down haul; when the sail is stowed, one hand can close reef
the sail, which cannot be done under any existing plan. The topsail can be
reefed with one rod if the other is out with a studding sail set.
The topsail
is set with much ease, as the revolving hoop on the yard works on rollers, and
the tie being round it acts as an auxiliary power and saves considerable labour.
The cog wheel working on the revolving hoop forms a great purchase, con-
sequently the sail can be reefed with ease. The cog wheels are made of
corresponding size, so that when the sail is being lowered down, it is rolled on

page_text: to the boom in equal proportions. The band with a self-acting suspender
draws out and in as the sail increases or decreases in bulk. The boom on
which the sail is rolled, is made of such a form that the leach rope and canvas
are rolled up equally and with no more strain on one than on the other. No
difficulty will be experienced in reefing when the vessel is close hauled, and
when short handed from sickness or other causes it will be found invaluable.
The expense of fitting will not be a bar to its general use and adoption, as it
will not much exceed the expense of the common method.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUFFERS FOR ENGINES AND CARRIAGES ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lloyd at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th February
1862.
I, JOHN LLOYD, of Donnington, in the County of Shropshire, Engineer to
the Lilleshall Iron Company, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BUFFERS FOR ENGINES AND CARRIAGES ON RAILWAYS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in connecting each buffer head of every pair of
buffers to one end of a rod, the opposite end of which rod is attached to one
end of a transverse spring, which is held at its centre in such manner as to
allow of its rocking or oscillating when greater pressure is applied to one buffer
head than to the other. Supposing the carriages in a train to be fitted with
my improvements, the whole of the buffers will remain in contact even while
travelling round curves, the additional pressure while so travelling on the
inner buffers, having the effect of forcing out the outer buffers, and of thus
keeping both the inner and outer set to the curve in contact.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF HARDENING CHALK FOR BUILDING PURPOSES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Darvill at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th January
1862.
I, HENRY DARVILL, of New Windsor, in the County of Berks, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF HARDENING
CHALK FOR BUILDING PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the hardening of common chalk in such a
way as to render it applicable for many building purposes, both for internal
and external use. In order to effect this object I first dry the chalk after it
has been cut into the required forms, and then immerse it under pressure or
otherwise in a saline mineral solution, and after this has become thoroughly
imbibed into the pores of the chalk I place it in another solution capable of
decomposing the first, and thereby depositing in the pores of the chalk a hard
insoluble mineral salt. I prefer to employ as the first solution either silicate
of potash or silicate of soda, or tungstate of potash or tungstate of soda, and
for the second solution chloride of calcium; but I do not confine myself to
the use of these salts.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE CROSSINGS AND SWITCHES OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Howie at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th September
1862.
I, JOHN HOWIE, of Hurlford, in the County of Ayr, North Britain,
Coalmaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE CROSSINGS AND SWITCHES OF
RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of the crossings
and switches of railways with the view of making these parts of the per-
manent way more durable than at present, and of lessening the cost of their
renewal.
Under one modification or system of arrangement embodied in this Inven-
tion, in place of laying down rails of the ordinary kind, fourteen or fifteen
feet in length, short lengths of rail are inserted in the main and siding rails
at the parts which are found to wear away most rapidly by the traffic of the
carriages. The parts which are found to give way so much sooner than the
other portions of the line are those which are contiguous to the tongue or
point rails; at these parts a comparatively short length of rail is interposed in
the line of the ordinary rails, and forming a continuation of the same. These
short lengths of rail are, by preference, formed of steel or case-bardened iron,
in order that they may wear as long, or nearly as long, as the rails which are
subjected to the ordinary wear and tear of the line. These short lengths of
rail are fastened by means of fish plates extending for some distance beyond

page_text: the abutting ends of the rails and are firmly bolted together; a portion of the
bolts may be passed through both the rails so as to obtain a very firm junction,
and prevent all rocking or lateral motion of the rails; the fastening of the
parts may, however, bo effected in various ways. In conjunction with these
short lengths of hard metal rails it is proposed to make the extremities of
the tongue rails extending backwards a length of four or five feet, by pre-
ference, of steel or of case-hardened iron, so that these parts may wear in
unison with the contiguous hard metal rails.
Another mode of arranging the short rails is to form them in two parts,
the lower portion of the rail being formed with a vertical web or feather, and
the upper half being of a saddle-like figure with a recess corresponding to the
midfeather of the lower part. The upper portion of the rail is slipped on to
the lower one, and the two are firmly secured by being bolted together by the
fish joints. This arrangement admits of the upper portion of the rail being
easily renewed from time to time when worn. With these improvements the
crossings and switches of railways may be rendered far more durable than
heretofore, and additional safety is obtained by the line being maintained in a
more efficient state at the parts which are frequently the cause of accidents.
MENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF BEVERAGES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sven Victor Evers at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th July
-
1862. Partly a communication from abroad by John Robert Alsing, of
Smedjibacken, in the Kingdom of Sweden.
I, SVEN VICTOR EVERS, of Number 80, Lower Thames Street, in the City
of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF BEVERAGES," the same being the result partly of
communication from abroad made to me by John Robert Alsing, of Smedji-
backen, in the Kingdom of Sweden, and partly of invention and discovery
made by myself, to be as follows:-
In the preparation of one beverage I first boil loaf sugar in water, and
having mixed the same allow it to cool. I then purify it by filtration or
otherwise, and mix with it arrack, champagne, and lemon juice. The mixture
is first well stirred with iron stirrers, and then stored in suitable vessels for a
certain time, adding to it white of egg, by which an agreable and refreshing
drink may be obtained. I find the following proportions for this beverage to
answer well:-6 lbs. of loaf sugar to one gallon of water, intimately mixed,
cooled, and purified; then one gallon of arrack, and 3 bottles of champagne,
with the juice of one lemon. The whole is then mixed and stirred with iron
stirrers for 30 minutes. To this mixture I add a little white of egg, and it is
stored in suitable vessels for about one month before being used.

page_text: Another drink is obtained by boiling loaf sugar in water, well stirred, and
then allowed to cool, when I add to it arrack and Rhine or French wine, pine-
apple, and the juice of lemon. The whole being stirred and having added to
it white of egg before being stored. The proportions which in this case I
find to answer well are 6 lbs. loaf sugar to one gallon of water, one gallon of
arrack, half a pint of Rhine or white French wine, a quarter of a pound of
pine apple, and juice of one lemon.
Another drink is obtained by adding to the cool and filtered water in which
loaf sugar has been boiled arrack and juice of lemon, the whole being stirred
with iron stirrers, and then, after the addition of a little white of egg, being
stored for use. The proportions which in this case I find to answer well are
6 lbs. of loaf sugar to one gallon of water, one gallon of arrack, juice of a
quarter of a lemon; the stirring before storing for about 4 hours.
Another beverage consists in combining with purified water in which loaf
sugar has been boiled juice of lemon and rum, the whole being stirred with
iron stirrers, and having added to it white of egg, is stored for a term before
being used. The proportions which in this case I find to answer well are
5 lbs. of loaf sugar to one gallon of water; half a gallon of rum, juice of
one lemon; the stirring as in the last. The proportions and precise method
of treatment in each case may be varied to circumstances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RACKS FOR WINDOW BLINDS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Knowles and William
Robinson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 16th August 1862.
We, THOMAS KNOWLES and WILLIAM ROBINSON, of the City of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Machinists, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RACKS FOR WINDOW BLINDS," to be as
follows:-
In order to adjust the cord of the window blind to the requisite place
and tightness, we introduce an endless elastic band, made of vulcanised
india-rubber or other suitable material, the said elastic band passing over the
ordinary roller knob, and a stud sliding in the groove of the rack in the usual
manner, so that when the knob and stud are adjusted to the proper place or
position, according to the length of the cord, the said elastic medium connect-
ing the knob and stud gives an additional spring or elasticity to allow of
knots, snarls, or other irregularities that may occur in the cords. We use the
said elastic endless band either inside or outside the rack as may be found
most desirable.
AN IMPROVED SAFETY CAGE FOR MINES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Farrimond at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th March
1862.
I, THOMAS FARRIMOND, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Mining Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED SAFETY CAGE FOR MINES," to be as follows:-
I place two horizontal shafts through the cage near the centre and fix on
each end of the shafts eccentric levers having teeth at their extremities. The
said shafts are worked by a coupling and chain connected with the main rope,
and one or more springs are attached to the coupling for the purpose of
turning the shafts and bringing the toothed ends of the levers forcibly in
contact with the guide rods or ropes whenever the main rope breaks, and
thereby hold the cage and prevent accident.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Baker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd June 1862.
I, JOSEPH BAKER, of Coatbridge, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Tube Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of pumps, more
particularly those of the portable kind, which are specially adapted for the
use of horticulturists and various other purposes.
According to one modification the pump consists of a brass barrel, to the
lower end of which is attached a ring, which is connected by two curved stays
to a foot plate beneath. To the lower part of the pump barrel is screwed the
box or chamber in which the inlet valve is fitted. The extremity of the valvo
box has screwed to it a short length of bent tubing, to the outer end of which
is connected the flexible tubing, which serves to convey the water from the
source of supply to the pump. A disc valve is fitted in the inlet chamber;
this valve rises with the upward motion of the piston, and the water flows into
the barrel. The piston is of the ordinary kind, and is attached to a rod
passing out through a stuffing box at the upper end of the barrel, and
terminating in a cross handle or hand lever. The downward pressure of the
piston forces the water through a laterally projecting tube, which commu-
nicates with the outlet valve chamber. The outlet valve opens upwards into
a small chamber of a spheroidal figure, the upper part of which communicates

page_text: with the outlet tube; to this is screwed the flexible tube and jet piece for
directing the stream of water in any required direction. With this arrange-
ment a stream of water may be directed to a considerable distance, and these
pumps may be usefully employed in greenhouses, vineries, and for many other
useful purposes.
With minor modifications these pumps may also be adapted for distributing
liquid manure or removing large quantities of water from wells or other
receptacles to any required place.
AN IMPROVED BUSTLE AND PETTICOAT
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Taylor Gurney Stone at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
April 1862.
I, JOHN TAYLOR GURNEY STONE, of 74, Saint John's Road, Hoxton, in the
County of Middlesex, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED BUSTLE AND PETTICOAT," to be as follows:-
I use a flat band fitting round the waist, kept in shape by several semi-
circular pieces of steel or metal, the said band having eyelet holes therein,
through which the "steels" or wires of the bustle pass, such bustle being made
of loops of steel, having the smallest loops at each end and the largest in the
centre. To the said flat piece I also secure a petticoat, that is, I take a
sufficient number of lengths of the said steel, and having formed them into
hoops or circles I proceed to fasten them to pieces of tape or ribbon, in such
manner that when the upper ends of these tapes are fastened to the said
bustle by eyelets or such like means, and the said bustle adjusted to the figure
the hoops or circles shall fall into or form a "full" under slip or petticoat,
the largest circle or loop in circumference being at the bottom, the smallest
being nearest the bustle.. By this Invention, as a combination, ladies will
possess a skirt and bustle of self-adjusting properties, being so flexible as to
yield to every movement or pressure, regaining its form at once; and similar
advantages in less degree would be obtained if the bustle and flat piece were
detached from the skirt or petticoat, or if the skirt or petticoat and bustle
were used suitably attached together without the flat band aforesaid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENING ARMOUR PLATES OF SHIPS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Turner at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th August
1862.
I, GEORGE TURNER, of Woolwich Dockyard, Master Shipwright, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENING
ARMOUR PLATES OF SHIPS," to be as follows:-
In fastening the armour plates of ships I prefer to form the plates with two
longitudinal ribs throughout their length, such ribs to be some little distance
from the edges of the plates, and of about four inches in breadth, and one or
two inches in thickness, that is to say, they project about two inches from the
back surface of the plate. In these ribs I bore holes for the reception of the
bolt ends or heads, these holes being bored from the inside and sunk to
about the thickness of the rib do not enter the general substance of the plate
or detract from its strength. The plates may be of three, four, or five inches,
or of other suitable thickness. The holes so bored I undercut, that is to say,
enlarge inwards to a conical form, the shape which the bolt head or end is
made to assume.
Instead of ribs being formed on the plates, bosses or thickness pieces may
be welded on in the positions required for the bolts, or the undercut holes or
recesses may be made in the body of the plate itself, but this somewhat
weakens the plate, which it is better to avoid; in this case I sink the holes
about 1 or 1 inches in depth. The ship's side being prepared to receive the

page_text: ribbed plates, that is, with grooves into which the ribs fit, the bolts are driven
through from the inside, the bolt being a rod of iron fitted with a screw nut or
other means of fastening inside the ship, while the head part has cross saw
cuts made in it, but which otherwise is of the form of the round bar of which
it is formed. Before inserting the bolt, the point of a cross wedge is inserted
in the saw cuts, and fixed therein by a small pin; the bolt is then driven
through the ship's side into the recess or hole in the plate; the cross wedge
retains its position until it comes in contact with the bottom of the hole,
where it stops. The bolt is further driven home, so that the cross wedge
opens out the saw cuts and swells the end of the bolt out to fill the enlarged
internal form of the hole, and which assuming a conical form therein it
cannot again be withdrawn, as any force applied to draw it out brings the
wedge with it, and so keeps the bolt end of the enlarged conical form it has
assumed; the bolt so inserted and fixed in the plate is then screwed up by its
nut or otherwise fixed, and so on the several bolts are inserted throughout the
area of the plate. The projecting ribs or bosses when made on the plate
remove all its weight from the bolts, which in that case have no other strain
than that necessary to hold the plate against the ship's side. Instead of a
cross wedge a single wedge might be used, but would not be so well adapted
for the purpose required. The plates fitted & secured according to this
Invention may be further tongued and grooved together as in ordinary.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF COMPOUND FABRICS, AND IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING SAME
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Sinnock and John Rowley
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
17th June 1862.
We, WILLIAM SINNOCK, of Nicholas Lane, London, Mechanical Engineer,
and JOHN ROWLEY, of Camberwell, Surrey, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF COMPOUND FABRICS, AND IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS FOR
MANUFACTURING SAME," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in the combination of vegetable fibre, half stuff,
or pulp, and animal fibre, semi-pulped, either prepared by mechanical or by
chemical means (both being well understood) in certain proportions, but
varied according to the subsequent use and application of such manufacture,
and treating or mixing the same with certain earthy or metallic chlorides,
gums, resins, or bituminous matters or substances, with or without heat, so
that such compound materials may be cast, moulded, made, or compressed
into suitable forms, either as sheets, slabs, blocks, or cylindrical rolls, which
when solidified may be divided into separate or continuous sheets or webs of
such compound materials.
The arrangement of mechanical appliances necessary for the foregoing
operations is, first, to provide suitable moulds, which may be constructed of
wood and metal, and made square or oblong in form when separate sheets are
required, but when a continuous web is desired then a cylindrical form must

page_text: be used. Into these moulds the prepared materials are cast and the dis-
position of the fibres being arranged by suitable means, the expressable
moisture or other excess of matter in solution is then removed, and the fibrous
compounds are at same time enforced into intimate combination by hydraulic
or other equivalent compressional means. In this condition, whether in the
sheet, slab, block, or cylindrical form, it may be submitted to the ordinary hide-
splitting machine, whereby a novel leather felted fabric will be obtained; but
when greater strength is required than a felted fabric will sustain, the same
compound materials may be combined with any suitable woven fabric by
alternating layers of compound and woven or other textile materials in the
same or other suitable moulds, the compound being enforced into complete
union therewith, whilst plastic, by the compressional or other equivalent means
before mentioned, which may afterwards be divided into sheets or a continuous
web as before mentioned; or the same prepared compound materials may be
moulded, formed, or shaped by any of the means well understood into various
articles of commercial demand as well as works of art, either by itself as a
felted fabric, or in combination with any woven or textile fabric. Any of the
before-mentioned articles may afterwards be tanned, tawed, dressed, embossed,
or otherwise finished according to the subsequent use and application of the
article manufactured.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FELTING MACHINES, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE FULLING, SCOURING, AND DRESSING OF PURE AND MIXED WOOLLEN STUFFS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th October 1862.-A communication from abroad by Frederic Davin,
of Paris, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FELTING MACHINES, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE FULLING,
SCOURING, AND DRESSING OF PURE AND MIXED WOOLLEN STUFFS," (communicated
to me from abroad by Frederic Davin, of Paris, France,) to be as follows:-
These machines are intended specially for the production of felted threads,
but they apply also to the fulling, felting, scouring, and dressing with heat
and moisture of pure or mixed woollen stuffs. In the machine two frames
carry the felting rollers, arranged in two series, one series revolving above and
between the other series. Alternate rectilinear motions are simultaneously
imparted to both frames while an endless apron and the rollers are made to
rotate.
The machine is composed of a frame carrying bearings for supporting a main
shaft, upon which four eccentrics are fitted, which turn in collars and rods;
from these collars are jointed to two frames; these frames carry the felting
rollers, and are supported upon rods which are free to slide to and fro in
bearings on the frame of the machine. Rotary motion is communicated
through a belt to pulleys on the main shaft, whereby the eccentrics impart

page_text: rectilinear to-and-fro motions to the two frames, and consequently to the two
series of rollers carried by them. An endless apron is carried over the under
rollers between them and the upper rollers and round the stretching rollers.
The felting rollers may be clothed to facilitate adhesion of the threads being
felted. The apron is driven by ratchet and bevel toothed gear, and its speed
of rotation may be increased or diminished as desired. Spaces are formed
between the fronts of the two frames for the entrance of the threads, which
coming from cans or bobbins pass between the apron and upper rollers, and
issue through another space in the back of the frames to be wound on a reel.
As it is necessary that no very great pressure should be exerted upon the threads
in order to their being round and even, and as only slight friction is requisite,
the upper rollers revolve in open topped bearings, and this arrangement
facilitates their removal when necessary for passing the apron over the lower
series of rollers. When required to impart a differential movement to the
rollers, I gear them by toothed gear and endless chains, calculated to produce
the speeds required. To assist the felting a steam jet, as generally used, is
introduced in the ordinary manner. The apron and the upper series of rollers
may be covered with sponge to impart thereto a certain degree of elasticity
favorable to the operation of felting.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GUN BARRELS AND WROUGHT-IRON TUBING
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Jesson, James Batson,
John Moore, and James Roberts, at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 8th January 1862.
We, SAMUEL JESSON, of Smethwick, in the County of Stafford, Roller, and
JAMES BATSON, the younger, of Smethwick aforesaid, Iron and Coal Master,
and JOHN MOORE, the younger, of Langley, near Oldbury, in the County of
Worcester, Roll Turner, and JAMES ROBERTS, of Smethwick aforesaid,
Manager of Works, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GUN BARRELS AND WROUGHT-IRON
TUBING," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in the manufacture of gun barrels and wrought-iron
tubing in the following manner:-We take a bloom of wrought iron, and
heating in a heating furnace, we pass it through a pair of grooved rolls, by
which it is elongated and its diameter reduced. The billet thus produced is
passed, while still hot, through a second pair of grooved rolls, the grooves in
the last-named rolls having such a figure that they give to the billet the shape
of a semi-hollow cylinder or half tube, the interior being nearly semi-cylin-
drical, and the exterior having three or more planes or sides. The edges of
the half tube are not plain, but have each a bead or rib running along its
whole length. We take a second billet, and by grooved rolls we roll it into a
shape similar to that last described, excepting that in place of ribs or beads
running along the edges, we make grooves or depressions in the edges of a
figure corresponding to that of the beads or ribs on the first made half tube.

page_text: We take the two half tubes and place them together so that the beads or ribs
on the edges of one engaged in the grooves or depressions in the edges of the
other. The two half tubes thus fitted together are heated in a mill furnace,
the partially formed tube resting on one of the planes on its outside. It is
heated to a welding heat, and when properly heated is removed from the
furnace and passed through a pair of grooved rolls, by the pressure of which
the two half tubes are welded together. The half tubes or moulds may either
be welded together in the same works or supplied to gun barrel and tube
makers to be welded together by them. Instead of making both ribs or beads
on the edges of one half tube or mould, and both depressions in the other, each
half tube or mould may have a rib or bead on one of its edges, and a depression
in the other.
Our Invention is specially applicable to the manufacture of gun barrels, but
is also applicable to the manufacture of wrought-iron tubing for other purposes.
The rolls we employ resemble those ordinarily used in rolling iron for various
purposes, excepting that the grooves made in them have the figure necessary
to produce the required shape in the half tubes or moulds.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF SECURING THE EXTREMITIES OF THE HOOPS OR BANDS EMPLOYED IN PACKING BALES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jonathan Robert Hampson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th December 1862.
I, JONATHAN ROBERT HAMPSON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Maker-up and Packer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF SECURING THE EXTREMITIES OF
THE HOOPS OR BANDS EMPLOYED IN PACKING BALES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED
THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to the securing or fastening together of the ends of
the metallic hoops or bands which are employed to confine" bale goods" when
packed into less than ordinary dimensions either by hydraulic or other power.
Such attachment has hitherto been effected by passing a single-headed rivet
through two circular holes punched in each end of the band, and hammering
out such rivet to form the other head, which is in many ways inconvenient.
My improvement consists in the novel employment and use of studs or con-
nections having two heads, one of which heads is cut away on each side of the
centre to form a T head (as shewn in the Diagram ID). The aper-

page_text: half round, which prevents them passing back again, and which secures the
ends of the band or hoop together.
A second part of the Invention relates to the punching of the holes in the
hoops, and consists in the application of a crank or eccentric to the ordinary
form of punching apparatus instead of the long levers at present employed.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF APPLYING HEAT IN THE MANUFACTURE AND REFINING OF SUGAR, AND MALTING, HOP DRYING, BREWING, DISTILLING, AND VINEGAR MAKING
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Garton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd September
1862.
I, CHARLES GARTON, of the City and County of Bristol, Brewer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF
APPLYING HEAT IN THE MANUFACTURE AND REFINING OF SUGAR, AND
MALTING, HOP DRYING, BREWING, DISTILLING, AND VINEGAR MAKING," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in employing hot water or other fluid as the heating
medium, the beat being sustained by self-acting circulation, through pipes
from a boiler either contiguous to or at a distance from and at a lower level
than the subject to be acted on. It has been found that in the treatment of
saccharine and farinaceous liquids and substances an injurious chemical
change is effected in such parts as are brought into contact with heating media
of high temperature, and I have discovered that I can so control and regulate
the temperature by the application of the before-mentioned heating medium
in manner herein set forth in all the processes in the manufacture and refining
of sugar in which heat under 212° Fahrenheit is required, and also in the
kiln in malting and hop drying, and in the process of mashing, heating worts,
and fermenting in brewing, and also in all processes in distilling and vinegar
making, requiring a less degree of heat than 212° Fahrenheit, as that the
before mentioned contact may be prevented, and the injurious effects avoided.

page_text: I connect a chamber or coil of pipes, or a series of such (fixed at the place
or places where the heat is required to be applied), with a boiler by means of
flow and return pipes, the foriner entering the chambers or coils and boiler
at a higher level than the latter, and in case of chambers being used the same
being fitted with partitions extending nearly through their entire width, and
at the highest point thereof with pipes to allow of the escape of air. I fill the
whole with water or other fluid and apply fire heat to the boiler, which will
cause the fluid to circulate through the pipes and chambers, or coils and
boiler, whereby the same degree of heat will be uniformly communicated to
the chambers or coils and their surfaces as is contained in the boiler in direct
contact with the fire, which uniformity I lessen and regulate at will by means
of stop-cocks attached to the flow and return pipes. In applying this heating
medium to kilns for malt or hops I leave a space between the perforated floor
of the kiln and the chamber or coil and construct shafts from the open air into
such space, by which a current of air naturally or artificially created may be
conveyed thereto, and the heated air contained therein be forced through
the kiln.