Improvements in and pertaining to Telegraphic Printing Apparatus.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Aug., 1895-Accepted, 13th Oct., 1896
Improvements in and pertaining to Telegraphic Printing
Apparatus.
I, CHARLES LUMAN BUCKINGHAM, of 195 Broadway, New York, State of
New York, United States of America, Lawyer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to apparatus by which printing may be done at high
speed in page form by operating the apparatus type-by-type. While the machine
is in some respects adapted to the purpose of an ordinary type-writer when used
with a suitable key-board, it is primarily designed for reproducing in page form
telegraph messages sent over a wire at a high rate of speed and by apparatus
operating automatically after the manner of a Wheatstone transmitter or by other
telegraph apparatus.
It has been before proposed to print telegraph messages in page form ou
telegraph receivers, but previous apparatus has been limited in speed by reason
among other things of the weight of the parts to be moved in feeding for letter
and word spaces and other complications.
According to the present invention the paper alone is moved and the message
blank is in the form of an endless band or tube mounted on a suitable support
such for instance as a fixed cylinder and fed by suitable frictional feed devices
which engage directly with the paper and rotate or move it continuously in the
same direction in printing lines and move it axially to cover the space between
lines
The lines of printing extend circumferentially around the blank and the space
between the end of one line and the beginning of the next is covered by rotation
in the direction in which the paper is fed during the operation of printing the line
instead of by turning the blank backward to begin a new line. This space forms
the margin at the beginning and end of each line and when the tube or blank is
removed from the machine the sheet is divided along this space. The edges of the
sheet are connected together by lapping or otherwise so as to form the tube or
bhud and, if lapped, a short distance say one-quarter or one-half inch, the blank,
when the same comes between the type-wheel and press pad, is given a movement
of rotation sufficiently long to leave a blank space of half an inch or more to give
the margin. The same result is produced if the edges are not lapped but in this
case the feed at the end of each line would have to be longer.
To cover the vertical space on the printed page between lines the blank is fed
axially or at right angles to the letter or word space feed. This axial feed is
preferably made to take place at the end of the line but might be distributed
throughout the operation of feeding the paper the length of each line for letter and
word spacing.
Another part of the invention relates to the mechanism for feeding the paper
and consists of a suitable construction whereby at the end of each line of printing
the paper is moved by a long feed step to pass the margin of the sheet.
The invention consists further in the details of the paper feed mechanism
whereby the paper may be moved rapidly step-by-step in printing the line and
may be moved axially at the end of a line, and also in the details of the devices
for permitting a new blank to be placed in the machine without interruption in the

page_text: continuity of the printing operation when the matter to be printed covers two or
more pages or blanks.
Another part of the invention relates to the means for moving a type-wheel to
the various positions for bringing different letters or characters into position for
printing. In this part of the invention a series of adjusting or actuating devices
each adapted to move the type-wheel a definite distance is employed and the wheel
is adjusted to various positions by operating said adjusting magnets singly or in
different combinations according to the character to be printed.
Another part of the invention relates to the sunflower or distributer which is
employed to close in rapid succession the controlling circuits of magnets which
operate upon the adjusting mechanisms.
The invention consists also in minor details of the apparatus and in improved
arrangements of circuits and devices controlling the operation of the parts as will
be more fully described.
In the accompanying drawings:-
Fig. 1, is a perspective view of the printer portion of the apparatus.
Fig. 2, is an elevation of the same.
Fig. 3, is a general plan.
Fig. 4, is a general side elevation.
Fig. 5, is a detail plan and partial section of the automatic unison stop for the
paper feed escapement wheels.
Fig. 6, is an enlarged longitudinal cross section on the line x, x, Fig. 3, taking
in section the mechanism for adjusting the type-wheel circumferentially.
Fig. 7, is an enlarged longitudinal cross section on the line x, x1, Fig. 3, through
the cylinder on which the paper tube rotates and showing in elevation the paper
feed mechanism.
Fig. 8, is a cross section through the tube on the line, x, Fig. 7.
Fig. 9, is a section through the spring connection between the driving shaft of
the feed mechanism and the motive power.
1
2
Fig. 10, shows a set of contact springs secured to the frame and adapted to 3
complete the connections of the press magnet and the circuit controlled thereby
when the press magnet is fastened to the frame.
Fig. 11, is an enlarged plan of the paper feed mechanism.
Fig. 12, is a rear elevation of the same.
Fig. 13, is a vertical cross section on the line 3, ³, Fig. 12.
Fig. 14, is a vertical cross section on the line a, a, Fig. 12.
Fig. 15, is a detail side elevation of the actuating mechanism which swings the
frame carrying the paper feed wheel at the end of each line of printing.
3
Fig. 16, shows the same device in position to withdraw the feed-wheel at the
end of the line.
4
Fig. 18, is a detail elevation of the device for feeding the paper tube axially
and shows the same in position at the end of the feed stroke.
Fig. 17, is a detail view of the paper feed gear.
Fig. 19, is a detail view of one of the escapement wheels for the paper feed
mechanism and its corresponding escapement palley.
Fig. 20, is an enlarged section of the apparatus on the line,, Fig. 2.
Fig. 21, is a detail of the devices for actuating the feed mechanism of the ink
ribbon.
Fig. 22, is an enlarged side view of the devices which control the position of the
pad that feeds the paper tube axially.
Fig. 23, is an enlarged plan of the mechanism for moving the type-wheel axially
and shows in longitudinal section the connection of the said device with the type-
wheel shaft.
Figs. 24 and 25, illustrate modifications of said mechanism.
4
5
Fig. 26, illustrates the relative position of two paper tubes at about the end of 5
the printing of the page upon one of them.
:
Fig. 27, is a general side elevation of a modification wherein the type-wheel is

page_text: adjusted both axially and circumferentially by an intermediate lever or system
of levers upon which the two or more adjuster magnets operate singly or in
combination.
Fig. 28, is a general perspective view of said type-wheel adjusting apparatus
and shows one of the adjuster magnets connected to the system of levers which
produce rotation of the wheel.
Fig. 29, is a detail section through the means for connecting the type-wheel
shaft with the devices which move it axially.
Fig. 30, is a perspective illustrating a modification in the means for connecting
the series or system of levers with the wheel so as to produce rotation thereof.
Fig. 31, shows in plan a system of levers for producing three different adjusted
movements of the type-wheel by action of the adjusters singly.
Figs. 32, 33. 34 and 35, illustrate other modifications in the means for adjusting
the position of the type-wheel or platen.
Fig. 36, is a general side elevation of the distributer or sunflower.
Fig. 37, is a plan of the same.
Fig. 38, is a sectional plan on the line x, x, Fig. 36.
Fig. 39, is a vertical section through the escapement and other wheels of the
distributer and shows the spring connection of the same with their shaft.
Fig. 40, is a longitudinal section on the line x, x', Fig. 39, through the barrel
containing the spring.
Fig. 41, is a perspective view of one of the circuit closer rock shafts in
distributer.
Fig. 42, is a general diagram of the connections of the apparatus.
Fig. 43, is a diagram of a modification in the manner of controlling the press,
paper feed, and dogging magnets.
Fig. 44, is a diagrammatic plan of a perforated paper strip and its connections
whereby positive and negative pulses suitable for operating the apparatus may be
transmitted over a line.
Fig. 45, is a diagram of a preferred arrangement of the circuits for controlling
from the distributer the dogging magnet, printing and paper feed mechanisms and
resetting circuits.
Fig. 46, is a detail section through the paper supporting tube showing in
detail an elastic strip and means for feeding the same between the press and
paper.
Fig. 47, is a cross section on the line 8, Fig. 46.
Fig. 48, is a plan of the means for supporting the elastic strip beneath the
paper.
Fig. 49, is a general diagram of a preferred arrangement or connection of the
apparatus.
Fig. 50, is a perspective view of a modified construction of devices for feeding
the paper tube or blank on a cylindrical support.
Fig. 51, is a side elevation and partial section of the apparatus shown in
Fig. 50.
Fig. 52, shows a form of magnet for operating the press pad.
Fig. 53, is an elevation of the escapement shown in Fig. 50.
Figs. 54 and 55, are cross sectional views.
Fig. 56, is a diagram of the apparatus in simplified form and with parts shown
in other diagrams omitted.
THE TYPE-WHEEL OR PLATEN.
In
W₁, is a type-wheel or platen of any form having characters arranged in a
number of rows or rings. Four rows are shown in Figs. 6, 27, 28, 30, 35, 50,
& 54, and eight characters in each row to give thirty-two characters in all.
This wheel or
Fig. 32, eight rows are shown with four characters in each row.
platen is adjustable axially to bring any row into position for printing and

page_text: circumferentially or transversely to the said axial adjustment to bring any
character of a row to position by means of a series of positively connected impelling
devices having respectively capacities or range of action conveniently represented
by the series 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, etc., and operating singly and in various combinations
according to the character to be brought into position for printing.
The type-wheel may be given a certain movement by one impelling device and
an additional movement by one or more of the others when brought into action
either simultaneously or successively, and by this means the type-wheel is moved a
distance by the conjoint action of the two or more impelling devices equal to the
sum or difference of the spaces through which it is actuated by them separately.
Actuating or impelling devices and means for controlling the operation of the
same suitable for producing these movements will be described further on.
The press pad which is thrown against the blank paper to press it against the
type is indicated at p¹.
THE PAPER SUPPORT.
C³, 18
Is a tubular support of brass or other suitable material having a smooth
exterior surface and serving as a support for the paper blank which is formed as
a tube and upon which the lines are printed circumferentially around said blank to
form a printed page the blank being fed or moved circumferentially and axially
for such purpose. The blank may be formed into a tube by cementing the edges
together and the formed tube or blank slid end wise upon the supporting tube C',
or the sheet of paper may be wrapped around the cylinder or tube and the edges
of the sheet gummed together. In the latter case a suitable gum or cement adapted
to be softened by heat is preferably used so that after the sheet has been wrapped
around the cylinder and the edges brought together they may be fastened by the
application of a hot iron. After the printing has been done the tube is removed
and divided along the joined edges when the printing will appear in page form
upon the sheet.
The tube C¹, as shown in Figs. 3, 4 and 26, is preferably of such length as to
support two paper tubes at the same time, one being that upon which the printing
is being done while the other is arranged in close proximity thereto so that it may
be quickly slipped into position when the first is filled. In the drawing Fig. 26,
the tube at the right is that upon which the characters are being printed and that
at the left is the blank ready to be slipped endwise into position for printing.
The end of tube C, is made slightly conical to aid in the ready application of a
previously formed blauk tube. Sufficient space should be left at the right hand
end of tube C, to permit the blank when printed to be quickly slipped to one side
and a fresh blank to take its place. After the latter has been moved into position
for printing the first is removed from the tube by opening it on the line where the
edges of the .sheet are joined. The second is then fed along over the tube
in the same manner from left to right (Fig. 26), this being the axial movement of the
paper tube corresponding to the feed which is necessary to make the vertical space
between lines on the printed page.
The press pad pl, works through an opening in the supporting tube C¹, beneath
the type-wheel W₁. This pad is supported on the long arm of a bell crank lever
which is pivoted in a bracket or frame c', fastened within the supporting tube C',
as shown in Fig. 7, and has its short arm connected with the armature lever c°, of
the press magnet c¹, by a rod or wire c, extending outside the tube C, through
the end thereof at which it is supported on the frame of the apparatus. The
magnet is operated in any suitable manner as soon as the latter is brought into
position for printing, but by preference through the action of a circuit controller
which causes said magnet to be energized once for each cycle of changes produced
by a sunflower or distributer that governs the operation of the adjusting devices by

page_text: which the type-wheel is set into the desired positions, and as will be describet
further on.
The press lever is retracted by a spring e, applied directly thereto
instead of to the armature lever.
By connecting the press pad and magnet in the manner described, a magnet of
considerable size may be used and the adjusting device: for the same rendered
accessible. This would not be the case if the attempt were made to support the
press magnet within the tube near to the press pad since in practice the dimensions
of the tube are limited and a magnet of considerable size would not be permissible
if the same were placed within the tube. Nevertheless in some cases the press
magnet may, as indicated in Figs. 50, 52 & 55, be placed in the tube and the press
pad be attached to the armature lever. The press magnet is mounted on a
pivoted frame c, provided with adjusting screws c6, whereby the positions of the
magnet may be changed to take up slack in the wire co, and adjust the throw of the
press lever. The armature of the press magnet may also be provided with a
suitable contact spring 73, whereby when the magnet is not energized, it may close
the circuit by a contact post 74, and when the magnet is energized to operate the
press, it will break said circuit.
In the normal position of the press, the circuit by spring 73, is closed. This
circuit, as will be presently described, may include the escapement controlling
magnet for the paper feed devices which are preferably so energized that the feed
will be allowed upon a movement of the escapement devices due to the excitation
of said controlling magnet but not by a movement of the armature thereof which
is produced by breaking the circuit of said magnet at the contact 73. Hence
the feed of the paper will take place when the press pad moves back after making
the impression.
At its lower end the armature lever c, is shown provided with an extra contact
spring and stop whereby, if so desired, the said lever may be made to close a local
circuit when the magnet is excited.
Mounted on the frame of the instrument is an insulating block 9, carrying the
set of contact springs g', insulated from one another and adapted to be engaged by
contact pins indicated in dotted lines at 9, (Fig. 10,) the latter being carried by
the fiame of the magnet c', and being connected to the two terminals of the magnet
and with the post 74, and armature lever or frame. The springs g', being
connected to the local circuit in any desired manner, said circuits will be completed
through the contacts and through the coils of the magnet when the magnet is
placed in position upon the frame of the instrument. The pins 9, at the extreme
right and left may be connected with the terminals of the coils of c', and the two
pins next to them may be connected one with the post 74, and the other be an
electrical connection with the frame c³. The middle spring g', is adapted for
engagement by a projection from the contact post beneath the magnet c', as clearly
shown in Figs. 7 and 10.
The paper is fed circumferentially around the tube C¹, by engaging with it.
This device is, by preference, a wheel B, which remains in engagement with the
paper during the painting of a line and is turned intermittently to produce the
letter and word spaces.
The axial feed may be produced by moving the same device B, as indicated
in Figs. 50 & 51, but preferably, and as will be first described, is produced by a
device which is normally disengaged and is brought into operative engagement at
the end of a line and before the beginning of the next line, the circumferential
feed device being automatically withdrawn during such axial feed operation.
This axial feed device also by preference engages directly with the paper and
consists of a friction pad made to reciprocate after the manner of a pawl and in a
line parallel to the axis of the paper tube.
The circumferential feed wheel B, is mounted on a shaft d', whose bearings are

page_text: D, is a wheel fixed to the main or driving shaft G₁, of the apparatus and gearing
with a wheel D², which in turn gears with wheel D³. The latter wheel gears with
the pinion d³, on the shaft carrying the feed wheel B. The main shaft G¹, being
governed in its movement by a feed-escapement device secured to it, the desired
movement of the paper is obtained both for feeding from letter to letter and from
word to word, as well as from the end of one line to the beginning of the next.
The escapement devices which are constructed to allow or produce an enlarged or
amplified feed movement of the feed wheel automatically at the end of a line,
thereby covering the margin of the page both at the end and beginning of lines,
will be presently described.
The
The main driving shaft G', for the paper feed devices, receives motion from any
suitable motive power exerting a constant torque as, for instance, an electric
motor of the usual continuous current rotary type as indicated, which drives by a
bevel gear d', Figs. 2 and 4, the shaft indicated at T, which carries a bevel gear
wheelt, meshing with a gear t, that is loose upon the main shaft G¹.
wheel D, which transmits motion to the feed wheel that rotates the paper tube is
keyed to said shaft and carries or is fastened to a barrel t, containing a spiral
spring, (Fig. 9). One end of said spring is fastened to the barrel t, and
the other end to the hub of the bevel gear wheel t¹. The motive device which
turns the shaft T, keeps the spring t³, under tension, its power being adjusted,
however, to that of the spring so that it shall not wind the spring tightly, but when
the spring has acquired a certain tension the power of the spring is sufficient to
prevent further movement of the motor. The power stored up in the spring keeps
sbaft G, under constant or practically constant tension irrespective of any
irregularities of movement in the driving motor and also produces a quick or
prompt movement thereof when it is released by the action of the escapement
devices. By this means an electric motor can be used to supply the power for
driving the apparatus and the difficulty which would arise from the inertia of the
motor in stopping and starting if connected directly to the shaft G¹, can be
avoided. A pawl to, applied to one of the bevel gear wheels at de, prevents the
spring from running down when the current is shut off from the motor.

page_text: The main shaft G¹, carries also a cam g, that operates upon or controls the
devices for giving an axial feed to the paper, as will be presently described.
The following is a form of a feed controlling escapement which may be
employed for producing a step-by-step feed of the paper tube circumferentially and
an enlarged or amplified feed at the end of a line.
u, is an anchor escapement lever (Figs. 12, 13, 19 and 20), vibrated by the
operation of a magnet h, whose armature is secured to said lever, the lever being
provided with a suitable retracting spring us, or other suitable device as shown.
The anchor escapement has two pallets engaging respectively with escapement
wheels indicated at,³. These wheels are connected with the shaft G', so as to
be rotated by the power of the spring 3, when the teeth are released by the pallets
of the anchor.
Owing to the peculiar construction of the escapement devices two toothed
escapement wheels, r³, are employed. One pallet u¹, of the anchor engages with
the teeth of wheel, and the other pallet u, engages with the teeth of the
wheel. The latter pallet is movable on the arm of the anchor by which it is
carried. For this purpose it is properly pivoted at u³, on one prong of the lever u.
Against the tail of the pallet bears a spring uª, the office of which is to move the
toe of the pallet backward in a direction opposite to that in which the escapement
wheel rotates so as to clear the tooth with which it was last engaged when it comes
forward to be engaged by the next tooth of the wheel. A stop u, limits the
movement of the pallet when it is engaged with the wheel and the latter is
permitted to rotate through disengagement of the pallets u'. At 23, is a back stop
for the pallet u³.
In order to provide the amplified or enlarged feed at the end of a line whereby
the paper may be fed circumferentially to the beginning of the next line, a blank
space 9, is provided in the wheel. The effect of this, as will be seen from the
explanation to be presently given, is that when the pallet u³, has been disengaged
from the tooth at the forward end of the space q, and by the action of the magnet
is moved into said space, the wheel which is at the same time by such movement
released may turn until the tooth at the rear end of the space q, engages the toe of
the pallet and is stopped thereby. This enlarged or amplified feed space is
adjusted to be sufficient to cover the space or margin (proceeding in the direction
of the ordinary feed) from the end of one line circumferentially to the beginning
of the next line, the proper vertical space being produced in any proper way.
Normally the lever u, stands in position to hold the pallet u², in engagement
with a tooth of the wheel, being held in such position by the attraction
of the magnet h. The pallet u', is disengaged. Simultaneously with the
operation of the press pad the circuit of the magnet h, is broken and the
anchor u, is thereby allowed to move backward in which movement it brings
the pallet u, into the space between the teeth of the wheel r³, and in such
position as to allow no or very little movement thereof when the pallet u², leaves
the teeth of the wheel, with which it is engaged. In this movement the pallet u',
engages before the pallet u, is disengaged. At the instant the pallet u, is freed
from its tooth, the spring acting thereon moves its point slightly in the arc of a
circle around its pivot to such distance that when the lever u, moves forward again
under the action of the magnet, the point of the pallet instead of moving into
position to stop the tooth with which it was last engaged will come into position to
catch the next tooth as soon as the wheels are freed by the movement of the pallet u¹.
As will be seen, therefore, the backward movement of the lever u, allows no
movement of the wheels but on the forward movement thereof the wheels are freed
by the pallet u', and allowed to rotate a small distance until again locked by the.
pallet . This latter movement is confined by the stops for the pivoted pallet u²,
and in this movement a proper feed of the paper is allowed to take place.
The magnet, retains the parts in this position until the next operation of the
press when the action is repeated.
It will be understood that the first action of the press is to discharge the

page_text: magnet h, and allow the lever u, to recede, but in this action no feed of the paper
takes place. The instant, however, the impression has been effected and the press
is restored or makes its backward stroke then the maguet A, is excited and a release
of the wheels takes place to produce the feed of the paper. The action of the
device is, therefore, to allow the feed to take place on one movement only of the
vibrating armature lever and yet to secure a positive control of the escapement
wheel.
The action of the magnet may be controlled by any suitable devices or arrange-
ments of circuits, one of which will be hereinafter described and is indicated in the
diagram.
When the wheels have rotated to bring the blank space g, around opposite
pallet, then the amount of movement will be greatly increased when the
magnet h, allows the wheels to rotate, the amount being then that of the blank
space g, plus the amount of movement allowed after the edge of the tooth at the
right of the space has engaged the yielding pallet u², as already explained. This
position is the zero position or position for beginning a new line of printing on the
paper tube.
The magnet h, is preferably excited on each back movement of the armature
lever for the press magnet c¹, said armature lever controlling through its back
stop 74, the circuit of magnet h, as clearly shown in the diagram Fig. 42. At
each such excitation the escapement wheels move one tooth and a corresponding
movement of the paper tube circumferentially on its support is produced. The
gears are so proportioned that the large blank space on the escapement wheel shall
be reached once for each whole revolution of the paper tube and the tube then
moves a long feed step to cover the margin between the end of one line of printing
and the beginning of the next line.
At the completion of the movement across the edge of the paper sheet the feed
wheel B, is automatically withdrawn from engagement with the paper by the
following devices timed to operate in the proper manner upon the support E, for
said feed wheel and the axial feed device then operates.
E3, is a rocker frame swung on the main shaft G', or other suitable support and
having on one of its arms a segmental gear e, which engages with a similar
segmental gear e¹, on an arm of the rocker E. Secured to the rocker E³, but on
the opposite side of its centre of swing, is a hook E³, pivoted on the side of the
frame and having a toe e³, in position to be engaged by a lifter E, connected with
the escapement wheel or other portion of the mechanism and timed to engage the
hook and lift it together with the end of the rocker to which it is secured at the
conclusion of the movement of the escapement feed device by the amplified or
enlarged feed already referred to. The effect of lifting the hook, as described, will
obviously be to depress the feed wheel B, thus disengaging it from the paper tube
and leaving the latter free to be moved axially the adjusted vertical space between
lines on the printed page, immediately after which the hook E3, is released and the
parts permitted to return to normal position and bring the wheel B, again into
engagement with the paper.
The lifter E, is conveniently clamped upon the main shaft G¹, or other shaft
which carries the feed escapement, as shown in Figs. 15 and 16, and its time of
engagement with the hook may be adjusted by loosening the clamping devices and
setting the lifter at any desired position circumferentially on said shaft. The
prompt disengagement of said lifter and hook is insured by means of a pin e*, on a
fixed portion of the frame work and with which the tail of the hook engages to
release the hook just previous to the time when the escapement devices reach the
zero point and the desired axial feed has been produced.
To insure the stoppage of the paper tube always at the same point after the
enlarged or amplified feed, so that the new line shall always begin at the same
distance from the margin, a suitable locking device is employed to automatically
lock the feed wheel at the end of the required amplified or enlarged feed movement.
This locking obviously must take place once for each whole revolution of the tube

page_text: and of the escapement wheels, and should be made to occur at or just before the
lifter engages with the devices by which the paper feed wheel itself is moved away
from engagement with the paper. The paper feed wheel being thus positively
stopped while engaged with the paper, the latter will always stop at absolutely the
same point which it might not otherwise do if the paper feed wheel were moved
away from it while the said feed wheel is rotating. Under such circumstances the
slight momentum acquired by the paper tube might carry it beyond the proper
position which it must have in order that each line may begin at exactly the same
distance from the margin.
The cessation of rotary movement of the feed wheel is provided for by a lost
movement in the train of gear between the wheels D and D', at each whole
revolution, the gear wheels D and D2, being for this purpose provided with a
blank space which allows movement of the wheel D, practically one tooth without
moving wheel D². During this lost movement the wheel D³, and consequently
feed wheel B, are positively locked from movement. The blank on wheel D, is
indicated at 30, and that on D2, at 31, (Figs. 7, 14 and 17). Wheel D³, is in two
parts, one part of which has the blank space while in the other part where it
engages with wheel D³, there is an unbroken line of teeth around its whole
periphery. The blank 30, is formed on the arc of a circle whose centre is the axis
of rotation of the wheel D, while the blank 31, describes practically the same arc
but forms a depression in wheel D2, so that when the two blanks come to coincidence,
the wheel D, may turn a short space without imparting motion to D2, but the latter
will also be positively locked from movement by the interlocking of the wheels at
the blank space. As soon as the wheel D, has moved the space of one tooth more
or less with its part 30, engaged with 31, a new tooth on D, will engage with a
tooth on wheel D', and the movement will be taken up again. This blank or lost
space is near the end of the blank in the escapement devices so that the feed wheel
will be brought to rest after the proper circumferential feed has been produced.
When this point is reached, but not until then, the operation of withdrawing the
feed wheel B, will take place through the operation of the lifter. Just as soon as
it is withdrawn it may be allowed to begin to rotate again under the operation of
the driving mechanism while the latter is producing the axial feed. It should be
understood that the wheels D and D', have the same number of teeth but the pitch
of the teeth on D, is smaller than on D³, so that D, may always leave and take
up Ds, at the same point.
While for the sake of convenience and simplicity the means for locking or
positively stopping the feed wheel just prior to its disengagement from the paper
are made a part of the gear by which power is applied to turn the wheel, it will be
readily understood that the said means might be otherwise constructed or applied
without departing from the invention it being only necessary that they should be
timed to come into action as described so as to positively stop the paper before and
at the instant it is freed from the control of the feed wheel. When the feed roll
is mounted and connected with the driving train as shown the torque of the
wheel D³, which gears with the wheel d³, mounted on the rocker frame carrying
the feed roll is exerted upon the frame in a direction to tend to lift and hold the
roll against the paper. This is very desirable because when the torque is in a
direction to depress the wheel the feeding action is irregular and uncertain even
though a spring of considerable tension be applied to the rocker to hold the
wheel up.
THE AXIAL FEED.
The axial feed device operates by frictional engagement with the paper tube and
is composed preferably of a pad of soft rubber B2, or other suitable material such
as cork, mounted on an arm of lever B³, which in turn is carried by lever B', or
other suitable reciprocatory support. The support B, is engaged at its upper end
by the cam g, on the main shaft G', or other suitable shaft and is moved by said
cam in a direction to take a fresh hold upon the paper. This cam may be made

page_text: adjustable circumferentially on the shaft for the purpose of adjusting the time of
operation of the axial feed. When the feed of the paper is to take place the cam
releases the lever and the latter under the influence of a spring in which power
has been stored by the action of said cam in moving the lever backward now moves
forward and feeds the paper by the action of the pad B', which has been brought
up into engagement with the paper automatically through devices connected with
or timed to operate with those by which the feed wheel B, has been lowered. The
spring 25, which actuates the support B', may be applied thereto in any desired
way. It is here shown as connected to one arm of the lever which carries the feed
pad and in such manner as to tend to lift the pad up to engage with the paper.
The spring indicated at 25, is fastened at one end to the frame and at the other to
the arm of lever B³, (Fig. 18).
As will be obvious the movement of lever B, to the right will put the spring
under additional strain. In order to insure a cessation of this rearward movement
of the lever and pad before the feed pad B, is permitted by proper devices to
engage the paper, the end of the cam g, just before the releasing shoulder is reached,
is made straight as shown at 27, (Fig. 11).
The movement of the axial feed pad upward into engagement with the paper is
controlled by means of a connection of lever B', with one or the other of the
rockers in such way that when the latter are operated to lower wheel B, the
spring 25, will be permitted to swing the lever B³, and raise the pad. The latter
will, as is apparent, describe an upward and backward movement thereby causing
it to wedge itself slightly on the paper and so as to have a good grip when the
lever B, is released by the cam. The connection of the lever B³, and a rocker is
shown as consisting of a yoke 28, fastened to the lever and a link or hanger 29,
carried by an arm or rocker E, and vertically adjustable thereon as indicated in
Fig. 22. When the latter is operated by the lifter on shaft G', the right hand of
lever B³, is permitted to drop under the action of the spring which lifts the pad.
Normally the right hand end of B³, is held up by the rocker which is provided
with a proper spring or retracter d', as already explained, which restores it to
normal position when the lifter leaves hook E³. The connection of the axial feed
pad or pawl with the devices which lower it are, as seen, such as not to interfere
with the backward movement of the feed device preparatory to moving the paper
another step or with its movement forward to feed the paper.
GENERAL OPERATION OF PAPER FEED.
The general operation of the paper feed devices thus far described is as
follows:-
After each impression of a letter or character by the press pad, the escapement
magnet, allows the escape wheels to rotate one step thereby permitting the
shaft G', and wheel D, to move and to move the circumferential paper feed wheel B,
the required distance between letters. At the termination of each word it may be
moved one or more spaces by repeating the operation of the press pad on the
blank of the type-wheel. This movement is repeated during the printing of the
line during which operation the axial feed pad remains out of engagement with
the paper being held there owing to the fact that the rockers are held in position
by the action of their retracters with the right hand end of the lever B³, carrying
the axial feed pad raised, its opposite end being thereby depressed. The same
retracter by holding the end of the rocker E, down, lifts the inner end and holds
the paper feed wheel B, against the paper. As soon as the escapement devices
reach the amplified feed or blank space in the escape wheels, the extent of which
blank space is determined by the total margin to be covered at both edges of the
page, the shaft G1, is permitted to move the required distance without interference
from the escape wheel which movement takes place in a very short instant of time
as the shalt G, is under the stress of the spring t³. This movement quickly turns
the wheel D, and with it the feed wheel B, a long space.

page_text: At the beginning of this movement there is no change in the relative position of
the other parts of the mechanism and the feed wheel continues its movement
rotating the paper tube past the end of one line and across the margin between the
edge of the paper and the beginning of the next line on the page. At this point
the blank space in the gear wheels D, D³, is reached, positively locking the feed
wheel from further movement although the shaft G¹, is free to continue its move-
ment. This point of locking is reached shortly before the blank space or enlarged
feed space g, in the escapement wheel is covered thereby permitting a slight further
movement of the shaft G¹, for the completion of the operation of feeding the paper
before a new line is begun. The feed wheel being thus positively brought to a
stop, the lifter E, coincidently with said stoppage, or immediately thereafter
takes against the hook E³, thereby operating the rockers and moving the feed
wheel B, from engagement with the paper while at the same time permitting the
spring 25, to turn the lever or arm B', on which the feed pawl is mounted thereby
moving said pawl upward and slightly backward to engagement with the paper.
This movement of the two feed devices takes place in the slight movement of
shaft G', permitted before the end of the blank space on the escape wheels is
reached. As soon as the axial paper feed B³, is engaged, the lever B', escapes
from the cam and the axial feed is produced. During the movement of the rockers
the shaft G, is revolving and the hook on the rocker is engaged and continues
in engagement until the hook is dropped by the tail of its lever engaging with the
pin on its frame. As soon as this has taken place and practically coincidently
with it, the escape wheel will have reached the zero position or point of rest at the
end of the enlarged or blank space q, thereon and ready for the beginning of a
new line. The passage of the actuating arm by the hook on the rockers allows
the latter to return to normal position thereby bringing the paper feed wheel into
engagement with the paper and lifting the right hand end of the lever B³, so as to
withdraw the axial feed device from engagement, the same having now completed
the axial feed. The revolution of the shaft G¹, now begins in the printing of a
new line and the cam g, in its revolution moves the lever B, back to position for
producing another axial feed movement after completion of the line.
The tube C, is provided with a proper index mark with which the joined edges
of the paper sheet formed into the tube should coincide when the paper tube is
slipped upon the tube C', in order that the printing of the line may begin at the
proper distance from the margin of the page.
MANUAL CONTROLLER.
In order to allow a new paper tube to be instantly slipped under the type-wheel
when or about when the end of the last line of a tube is reached, means are
provided for withdrawing the feed wheel B, from engagement with the paper, and
at the same time holding down the axial feed pad away from engagement with the
papel. This may be done by the operation of a single slide rod or manually
operated device under the control of the operator and which governs both paper
feed mechanisms at the same time in the manner described. Coincidently or
practically coincidently with the manipulation of said manual device, the fresh
tube is moved axially upon the tube C, into position beneath the type-wheel, the
tube previously printed upon being by such movement slipped to one side
There is also provided a suitable mechanism also actuated or controlled by the
same manual controlling devices for disengaging the escapement wheel for
the paper feed devices from the escapement pallets, thereby permitting said wheel
to run freely under the action of the motive power to the zero or starting position
so that the printing on the new page may begin at the proper marginal distance
from the edge next the beginning of lines. This additional device for freeing the
escapement wheels is rendered necessary by the fact that in the rapid operation of
the apparatus when used as a telegraph receiver, it is impossible for the operator
to time the action of slipping a fresh tube into position with the arrival of the

page_text: escapement devices at the blank space or space for producing the enlarged feed.
By, however, freeing the said wheel from the escapement device at any point and
by the provision of an additional automatic stop properly located to come into
action when the wheel is thus freed from the escapement, the apparatus may be
caused to begin upon the new page always at the same point.
Apparatus constructed in detail as will be now described may be used for these
operations.
M, is a suitable actuating slide rod or bar provided with an operating handle,
and n, is an arm attached to said bar and engaging by means of a fork with the
hub of the escapement wheels 2, 3, said hub being provided with a circumferential
slot with which the ends of the fork engage, whereby the wheels may at all times
revolve freely but may by means of the said slide rod be moved axially on their
driving shaft. To permit them to be so moved the said wheels are connected with
the said shaft G', by a spline or feather connection whereby they are rotated
positively by said shaft but may slide longitudinally thereon.
A check spring 45, may be provided to hold the actuating slide in normal
position so as to prevent accidental sidewise movement of the said escapement
wheels. The check spring 45, is secured at one end to the frame and at its other
end is provided with a dog entering the groove or notch in the side of the slide
rod. A forcible application of power to the slide rod, however, disengages the
spring.
When the escape wheels are moved to one side they are, as will be obvious,
disengaged from the escapement pallets which control the movement of said wheels
and said wheels might therefore revolve freely under the action of driving power
for shaft G. Their movement of rotation, however, when thus freed is controlled
by an automatic zero stop indicated at 55, (Fig. 5) which is arranged in position
to be engaged by a pin 56, on the side of the escape wheels, when the wheels
rotate freely in the new axial position into which they are placed by the operation
of rod M. The stop and pin 56, are relatively arranged so that the wheel will be
stopped in the zero position or position which practically coincides with the end of
the enlarged or amplified feed space thereon.
The stop 55, is preferably constructed as a spring or automatically retractable
stop for which purpose it may be formed or mounted on the end of a roi 57,
(Figs. 5 and 11) adapted to move in suitable bearings as indicated and furnished
at one end with a limiting collar 58, that limits its movement under the influence
of the escape wheels when the latter are moved to zero position. This collar 58,
might be made adjustable on the rod 57, and is in any case arranged to stop the
movement of the rod 57, at the proper or zero position of the escapement wheels.
The retracting action is provided by means of spring 59, which surrounds the
rod 57, and is held within a suitable case as clearly indicated in the sectional view
Fig. 5.
•
The slide M, is moved by hand backward in a direction to return the escapement
wheels to their position on the shaft G', where they will engage with the pallets
of the escapement. The stop and the escapement are properly arranged in such
relative position to the escapement that in this reverse or return movement the
wheel shall be in position to engage the pallet, before the pin 56, leaves the elge
of the top 55. By the retracting action of the spring the stop is withdrawn out
of the way of the stop pin 56, just as soon as the latter leaves the stop on movement
backward to position for engagement by the escapement devices. Hence it will
be out of the way of the pin if alter the printing of a few letters at the beginning
of a line the slide should be operated to draw the wheel back again as would be
done it the message should end with such few letters, and it should be desired to
reset the apparatus for beginning a new message. The stop when retracted is,
however, in proper position to be engaged by the pin 56, when the latter has been
rotated nearly the whole circle of rotation and is moved by the slide M, axially, as
before stated.
The rod M, operates upon the wheel B, to withdraw it by means of a pin 61

page_text: (Figs. 12 and 13) or other device which engages with the vertical arm of a bell
crank lever 62, thereby lifting the long or horizontal arm of said lever which
engages the rocker E, in a manner to operate it in the same direction that the
lifter E, and hook E³, move it.
In order to keep the axial feed device from engagement with the paper when the
circumferential feed is withdrawn by the operation of the slide M, said rod may
be made to operate upon the lever B³, by means of the lever 64 (Fig. 18), which
takes under yoke 28, carried by said lever and tends to raise the yoke end thereof
when the slide M, is operated, thus depressing or holding the end B2, of the
lever B, down. The lever 64, is conveniently controlled in its operation by a cone
shaped cam 66, (Figs. 11 and 12) on the slide which normally holds the rear end
of the lever lifted and the end which takes into the yoke 28, (Fig. 18) depressed
so as not to interfere with the normal operations of the axial feed device. When,
however, the slide is operated the cam 66, allows the lever 64, to move under the
action of a suitable spring 65, and to thereby engage with the yoke and hold the
lever B, out of operative position. Suitable stops 67, applied to the rod M, limit
the motion thereof in both directions. There is also provided a suitable brake 68,
which is attached to an arm 69, secured to said rod and is adapted to engage with
a portion of the train of wheels when the rod is operated to disengage the escape-
ment wheels from their escapement pallet (Fig. 14). This brake is provided to
prevent the wheel work from running too rapidly to the zero point. The brake
may be applied to any wheel of the train but preferably to the wheel D, as
shown. The arm 69, is made as a spring to give a yielding action when the rod is
operated.
It will be obvious that other mechanical devices of well known construction
might be interposed between the slide M, or other controlling device and the two
feed devices for holding them out of action, and that other mechanical connections
would be suitable for moving the escapement wheels longitudinally to free them
from the escapement.
As many such variations are within the domain of ordinary mechanical skill, it
is to be distinctly understood that the invention is not limited to the special devices
shown, as the invention consists so far as this part of the apparatus is concerned.
broadly in the simultaneous control of the various devices in the proper manner as
described to permit a new paper tube to be slipped onto the support and at the
same time to allow the escapement wheels to move freely to the zero position.
To further assist in the operation of slipping a new tube into place, one may
combine with the latter a circuit controller which is operated by or at the same
time with the said manual controller so as to cut off current from the magnets h
and c¹, one or both. Such a circuit controller may operate as a simple circuit
breaker placed in the direct circuit of the magnet or in the circuit of any device
controlling said circuit. The circuit controller shown (Figs. 11, 12 and 20),
consists of a spring 70, that normally closes the circuit of the magnet by bearing
against a stop 71. A pin 72, on the slide engages with the spring and draws it
away from its stop when the slide is drawn back to free the escape feed wheel thus
breaking the circuit of the magnet. This circuit controller serves to stop the
operation of the printing pad, which being a rapid succession of blows and forming
at each blow a projection outside of tube, might prevent a new paper tube being
slid into position.
It also effectually stops the paper feed magnet from being
actuated. Other forms of circuit breaker could obviously be used for the same
purpose. In the manipulation of these devices the operator draws the slide M, by
one hand and at the same time slips the fresh paper tube forward by the other
hand to position under the press pad. In this action the new paper tube
displaces the one in use by sliding along the metal tube from which it is
subsequently removed.
As the whole operation may be accomplished in the fraction of a second no
material interruption to the printing of the message need occur.
In the diagram Fig. 42, the circuit breaker 70, is shown in the direct circuit of

page_text: w¹³, w², w³, Fig. 6, are axially moving drivers upon which the arms F, G, H,
operate to rotate the type-wheel to different positions circumferentially, while 1, 12, 1,
are the corresponding followers with which the drivers engage. Each of the
drivers is provided as shown with a collar having a groove within which project
pins extending from prongs of the impelling levers F, G, H, thereby allowing
rotation of each driver under the, action of other impelling levers. Each
follower,,, is provided with a spiral slot into which takes a pin of the
corresponding diiver w¹, w³, w³, so that when the driver is moved axially by the
impelling lever, the follower will be compelled to rotate and thereby rotate
the type-wheel. Each follower is held from end wise motion in a ball bearing in
which it is adapted to rotate freely. Each driver w³, w³, is provided, as shown,
with a pin which takes into a straight slot in the follower to the rear whereby the
driver may be moved axially without rotating the follower to the rear while, if the
follower to the rear be rotated, the driver ahead will be compelled to rotate with it.
The extreme driver wl, to the right has a pin which takes into a straight slot in the
fixed bearing and by which it is thereby held from rotation when actuated axially
by its impelling lever. The extreme follower i, to the left is connected with the
type-wheel shaft or extension thereof, by a straight slot and pin as shown, whereby
the type-wheel will be compelled to rotate with the follower, but may be
nevertheless itself moved axially by devices to be presently described for the
purpose of presenting different rings of type to the impression pad. By preference
the spiral slots in the followers upon which the impelling levers F, G, operate are
cut in one direction and reversely to the spiral slots in the follower i, upon which
impelling lever H, operates, so that F and G, will move the type-wheel in one
direction of rotation from position of rest and H, will move it in the other direction
in case any one of said levers be moved by itself. It is by this means rendered
unnecessary to rotate the type-wheel more than half way in either direction to
bring any type of a ring into position for printing. By a combination of the
movements of the levers the type-wheel may be caused to take any one of the
positions required for printing from any particular type of a ring. The follower i*,
is adapted to turn the type-wheel one half a revolution and under the impulse of
the impelling lever H, while the followers, and i, turn the wheel in the opposite
direction respectively one quarter and one eighth of a revolution. This proportion
and combination of followers provides for bringing any one of eight types in a ring

page_text: AXIAL ADJUSTMENT.
The impelling or adjusting levers I, J, operate upon mechanism which serves to
adjust the type-wheel axially to positions for printing from different rings of type-
wheel. When both are at rest in normal position the ring next to the right hand
side of the type-wheel (Fig. 6), can be printed from; when the lever I, operates
the wheel is moved axially to the left to bring the next or extreme right hand
ring into position opposite the press pad. Lever J, operating alone moves the
wheel the axial space of two rings to the right to bring the extreme left hand ring
into position, while if lever 1, be operated at the same time the wheel will be
adjusted axially backward from position to print from the extreme left hand ring
so as to bring the next ring or left of the two inner rings into position, which
latter is the position shown in the figure. As will be understood these axial
adjustments may take place simultaneously with the operation of turning the wheel
by the followers at the other end of the shaft or may take place while said followers
are stationary. For producing these different adjusted positions of the wheel
axially by the action of the levers singly or in combination, any suitable means
may be employed. A part of the present invention is the following simplified
means which insure certainty and rapidity of action, and which is employed for
producing not only the axial but the circumferential adjustment also. The
distinguishing feature of this device is an arm or lever both ends of which are
movable singly or together under the action of the two impelling devices
respectively, and each around the other as a fulcrum while said arm or lever is
itself connected to the axially movable wheel. By moving one end of the lever
about one fulcrum, the wheel may be moved axially a certain distance; by moving
the opposite end about the other as a fulcrum the wheel may be moved axially
another certain required distance preferably different in extent from the first. If
the extent of movement be made greater in one case than in the other, the
simultaneous movement of both ends each at the same time about the other as a
fulcrum will cause the point of attachment to the type-wheel axis to move
to an intermediate extent or position which is the resultant of the combined
movements.
It is preferable to cause one impelling device to move the wheel in one direction
and the other to move it in the opposite direction, since by this means one limits
the extent of the movement which it is necessary to give in order to secure the
three adjusted positions of the type-wheel axially. Preferably the type-wheel
axis is connected to the centre of the lever and different extents of movement
accompanying the action of the impelling devices singly are secured by moving the
impelling devices themselves different distances, but it would obviously be within
the invention to connect the type-wheel to one side of the centre of the lever or to
some part thereof such that the impelling devices at their point of attachment to
the bar should have different mechanical advantage so that the same extent of
movement of the opposite ends thereof would produce different extents of movement
at the point of attachment of the type-wheel axis.
The drawings Figs. 3, 23, 28 & 30, show the arrangement wherein the type-
wheel is connected to the centre of the lever 42. The two fulcrums of said lever
are indicated at 43, 44, and are formed by the pivotal connection of the links 45, 46,
therewith. Through the latter links, the adjusting or impelling devices I, J,
operate upon the lever 42, 1, being connected to a lever 47, to which 46, is joined,
and J, to a lever 48, to which 45, is joined. The type-wheel axis 13 connected
to 42, by a short rod piece 51, which is pinned at one end to the lever 42, and at
the other connected to the shaft or axis in such way as not to interfere with the
free rotation thereof while at the same time being adapted to move it positively.
backward and forward. For this purpose the piece 51, is turned down so that

page_text: it may pass through the end of a bushing tapped into the hollow end of the
type-wheel axis and within the end has a head fastened to it as shown in
Figs. 23, 29, the whole forming a simple coupling adapted to the purpose stated.
Adjuster I, turns the end 43, of lever 42, about 44, as a fulcrum so as to move
the shaft the space of one ring of type in the direction of the arrow 50.
Adjuster J, moves the end 44, of lever 42, about 43, as a fulcrum, a distance
sufficient to adjust the axis in the direction of the arrow 49, two rings of
type in an obvious manner. When both adjusters operate, the end 44, moves
about 43, as a fulcrum a distance sufficient to carry the type axially two rings
of type in the direction of arrow 49, but the end 43, is at the same time moved
about 44, as a fulcrum so as to carry the point of attachment of the type-wheel
shaft backward in the direction of arrow 50, axially the space of one ring and the
resultant of the action is the movement of the type-wheel in the direction of
arrow 49, one ring. The wheel may thus be moved from the nortnal position in
which the second ring from the right Fig. 6, is in position to print, into position to
bring either of the three other rings into position over the pad. As both adjuster
levers are shown as having operated, the second ring of type from the left Fig. 6,
is in position to print. If the ring at the extreme right or left were normally in
position it would obviously be necessary to give the wheel an extreme axial
movement over three rings, and the movement of both ends of the lever 42,
Fig. 23, acting singly would in that case have to be in the same direction; whereas
in the arrangement shown the two ends move in opposite directions and the
greatest extent of movement required is over the space of two rings. The type-
wheel axis might be attached at one side of the centre between the fulcrum 43, 44,
as indicated in Fig. 24, in which case the same extent of movement of the
ends 43, 44, under the action of the impelling devices could be employed to secure
the three different adjusted positions, the movements of 51, from the normal
position being either all in the same direction from normal, or in opposite directions
according to the movement given to the ends 43, 44, by the impelling devices and
as may be required by the normal position of the press with respect to the wheel,
that is to say, whether under one of the inner rings of type or one of the outer
rings. Instead of connecting 51, between the fulcrums it might be connected
outside the same as indicated in Fig. 25, the same principle of operation existing
in this case, however, as in the others, the movement in any case depending upon
the well known principles governing the relative positions of power, work and
fulcrum in levers.
The invention is not limited to the application of the lever with double fulcrum
to a type-wheel or platen bearing four rings or rows of type as the same device
would be applicable to one with three rings or rows requiring but two changes of
position of the wheel axially. In this case a simultaneous or combined action of
the adjuster magnets would not be required.
MODIFIED CIRCUMFERENTIAL ADJUSTMENT OF TYPE-WHEEL.
As shown in Fig. 28, the rotation of the type-wheel may be effected by the
employment of a lever 42', at the opposite end of the type-wheel shaft impelled by
the levers H, G, and an intermediate lever 42", similar to 42', operated by
adjuster F, for obtaining by a combination of actions, the requisite different
adjusted positions. Adjusters H and G, operate upon lever 42, in a similar
manner to adjusters I, J. Adjuster H, is connected as shown by a link with a
lever 49, and the latter by a link with one pivotal end of lever 42. Adjuster G,
is connected through attachment to lever 42", with the other end of lever 42', by
means of a link 31, as shown. For the purpose of combining the action of
adjuster F, with that of adjusters H, G, the pivotal point of 42", is that where the
lever adjuster G, is attached and adjuster F, is connected with lever 42", through
a lever 50, and connecting link as clearly shown. By these means it will be
obvious that the action of levers G and F, upon the link 31, and through the latter

page_text: upon the type-wheel, will be combined in much the same way as that of the two'
adjusters indicated in Fig. 25.
The connection of the lever 42', with the type-wheel for rotating it may be
made by a rod or driver w³, carrying a pin 24, which works in a spiral slot in the
sleeve or follower c'. By this means the reciprocation of the driver 10³, is made to
rotate the type-wheel a distance corresponding to the extent to which the
lever 421, at its point of attachment to wo³, is moved under the action of the several
adjuster levers F, G, H. Adjuster H, by moving in the direction of the arrow
under the action of its magnet serves to move the lever 42', so as to give the type-
wheel a half evolution from its position of rest, and adjuster G, by moving under
the action of its magnet in the direction of the arrow serves to move the type-wheel
in the opposite direction one-quarter of a revolation by moving the lever 42', in an
opposite direction to the direction in which H, moves it. When G, operates, the
lever 42, turns on the fulcrum at the point where it is connected with the
adjuster F. The latter serves to move the type-wheel through the connected
system of links and levers one-eighth of a revolution in the same direction in which
the lever G, moves it.
As will be obvious if G and F, operate at the same time, they will move the
wheel three-eighths of a revolution or three spaces or if at the same time
that H, operates, G, should operate, then the wheel would be set one-quarter of
a revolution instead of one-half the revolution in the direction in which H,
moves it. By a combination of movements of the levers or by operating them
separately, it is obvious that the wheel may be turned to either one of seven
positions from the normal position which is the eighth position.
Fig. 31, illustrates a modification in the manner of combining the action of
three adjusters with the type-wheel or platen through the combined action of two
levers 42, 42, the said adjusters being connected at the points indicated by the
letters F, G, H. The rod or bar w', which is herein termed the driver, may be
connected with the type-wheel to rotate it by means of a rack and pinion H', as
indicated in Fig. 30, instead of by means of the pin and piral slot.
Another means that may be used for connecting the driver bar 103, with the type
platen when the latter is mounted to have a movement of rotation, is shown in
Fig. 35. Here the bar is connected by a crank with the sleeve c', which is
properly mounted to be capable of rotation but not of longitudinal movement.
The type-wheel shaft slides axially in the sleeve but is connected therewith by a
pin and straight slot as before described, so that while the wheel may be rotated
by the crank it may also be moved longitudinally or axially by other devices
without interference from the connection with the sleeve.
As the crank connection will not give exactly equal movements of rotation
for all linear movements of the bar it is obviously desirable to space the characters
in each circumferential row on the platen accordingly, that is to say, to place
those at the extremes of the arc of vibration nearer together than those at the
centre where the linear movement of the bar will give the greatest throw to the
crank.
In this figure the type-wheel is modified with reference to the use of the crank
so as to constitute a segment of a cylinder instead of a wheel or complete cylinder, '
and the dogging cylinder hereinafter described is correspondingly modified.
Owing to the difference in the throw of the crank, as just mentioned, it is
desirable to modify the apparatus as indicated in Fig. 32, so that the crank will
be required to place the type platen in four different positions only. The platen
or wheel segment has eight rows of type and four type only in each row.
a combination of three adjusters, the platen or segment may be shifted longi-
By
tudinally or axially to position for priuting from any row while two adjusters
operating in combination upon the crank selects the position for printing from
any type of a row by giving the transverse or circumferential movement to the
platen.
Obviously the invention admits of extension to three four or any greater number
2

page_text: of levers each adapted to move around either or both of two fulcrums under the
action of the adjuster levers, the independent movements given by the several
adjusters being respectively of values represented by the terms of a geometrical
series. Each lever which has the capacity of moving around either or both of its
two fulcrums may obviously do so under the action of the two adjusters
immediately connected to it or in response to the resultant action or actions of
several of the adjuster levers, the movement of the levers immediately connected
then operating with a resultant movement communicated from the others.
In Fig. 33, is shown an arrangement of three double fulcrum levers 42, 421, 42",
and four adjusters F, F, G, H, similar to that shown in Fig. 35, but with an
added adjuster lever F¹, which is adapted to give an independent movement
different from the others, but serves to modify the action of F, when operated
at the same time, by acting upon the double fulcrum lever 42", to which F is
connected instead of to a lever as 50, in Fig. 28.
Fig. 34, shows four double fulcrum levers 42, 42', 421, 42, five adjusters H, G,
F. F, F, coupled together in a manner somewhat resembling Fig. 5. Lever 421,
is subjected to the action of adjusters G, F, coupled to one end of 421, and F, F,
coupled to the other end so that either G or F, operating alone or in conjunction
with either F, or F" will act on the type-wheel by means of the double fulcrum
lever 42', as before explained. In order that the adjusters G and F, may impait
each its proper movement to 42, acting singly or in combination may give the
desired resultant movement they are coupled to the double fulcrum lever 42", and
by connection of the latter with 42', by a link communicate movement to the
latter. F1 and F, operate in similar way upon the double fulcrum lever 42",
coupled to the opposite end of 42¹.
A further extension of the principle to eight adjusters in place of the four could
obviously be made by coupling a pair of adjusters to each end of 42" and 42111, in
the same way that a pair is connected to each end of 42'.
ADJUSTER MAGNETS.
The forward motion of each arm F, G, H, I, J, is produced by the electro-
magnets 1, 2, 3", etc. Its backward or return moveinent is produced by the
electro-magnets 1, 2, 3b, etc., which take the place of retracting springs by
acting upon the armatures in the opposite direction to magnets 1, 2, 3, etc., and
are energized at the end of the transmission of each character. These magnets 1,
2. etc., insure by a positive action the restoration of the impelling devices and
typc-wheel to normal position. By so controlling their circuits that they shall be
cut out of action when the magnets 1, 2, etc., are cut in, and vice versa, the
adjuster magnets are relieved of the work of overcoming the retracter springs hereto-
fore employed and a much more rapid and satisfactory operation of the adjuster
mechanism may be obtained. This control of the restoring adjuster magnets is
well attained by placing them in local circuits from the back contacts of selecter
magnets which at their front contacts close the circuits of the adjuster or actuating
magnets 1, 2ª, 3ª, etc. In the normal position of the selecter relay levers the
circuits of magnets 1, 2, etc. are closed and of 1ª, 2ª, etc., are open.
When any
selecte relay is operated the armature breaks circuit of 1 or 2b, and closes circuit
of 1 or 2, thus moving the corresponding adjuster mechanisın. When the
selecter magnet or relay returns to normal position by the closure in any proper
manner of a restoring circuit meluding coils upon it, then the local of 12, is opened
and of 1, is closed.
It will be obvious to electricians that instead of employing two separate magnets
101 operating on each armature 12, a single magnet doubly wound might be
employed and the armatures be polarized, in which case the coils being reversely
wound and connected respectively to the front and back contact of the relay, each
would operate in the required way one to throw the armature and impelling device
in one direction and the other to restore it to normal position. It will likewise be

page_text: obvious that each local circuit might include coils on both electro-magnets 1°, 1°,
2*, 2b, etc., and the armature polarized so as to be moved positively by the conjoint
action of the two magnets, the coils of one circuit being in such case wound
oppositely to the coils of the other. These being all well known equivalent ways
of actuating an arm or lever positively in both directions by electro-magnetism
need not be more particularly described.
The local circuits of the adjuster magnets which are controlled by the selecter
relays are clearly shown in the diagram Figs. 42 & 49.
The several magnets 1*, 2, 3, 4, 5, may be brought into action in the proper
combinations and either consecutively or simultaneously, but for illustration they
are herein described as brought into operation successively by the series of
selecting relays U, V, W, X, Y, connected severally to the several contacts or
branches governed by the sunflower or distributer to be presently described.
DOGGING DEVICE.
In connection with the type-wheel an automatic dogging or locking device
which shall come into action as soon as the wheel is adjusted to position for
printing any letter, and positively lock or hold it in such position during the
impression, as well as prevent it from being thrown out of such position in the
adjusting operation, is employed. This dogging device may be controlled over a
circuit governed by the sunflower or distributer or by any other portion of the
mechanism whose action is timed to bring the dog into position just at the instant
the type-wheel reaches the adjusted position for the character. The particular
mechanical construction of the dog may be very greatly varied, without departing
from the invention as may also the form of magnet. As shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4,
6, 7, 20, 32 & 35, one may employ an electro-magnet 90, whose circuit is closed
towards the end of the cycle of changes in which the adjuster magnets are required
to set the type-wheel to position for printing any particular letter. The electro-
magnet 90, has an armature consisting of a rock portion 96, pivoted in the frame
above it and having at the opposite ends of the magnet the arms 97, adapted to
move to and from the poles of said magnet in a line transverse to the axis of the
magnet's core. Practically the same construction of armature is used for the
armatures 12, of the electro-magnets 1ª, 1, 2, 2b, etc. A form of dog which may
be employed consists of a pin 92, upon the head of which bears an arm 91,
projecting from the rock shaft 96, of the electro-magnet 90, while a spring 93,
surrounding the pin operates to hold the pin raised as well as to retract the
armature lever. Mounted preferably on the same shaft with the type-wheel so as
to rotate and move axially with the wheel is a suitable dogging cylinder having
depressions or seats adapted to co-operate with the dogging pin for locking the
wheel in each of its adjusted positions. At 95, is shown such a cylinder. The
point of the dog or pin is adapted to enter the holes or depressions in said
cylinder 95, which forms a portion of the type-wheel shaft and has dogging points
or depressions corresponding in number and position of the characters on the
type-wheel, so that when the type-wheel is in position to print any character one
of the seats or holes will be beneath the point of the dogging pin. The point of
the pin normally just clears the surface of the cylinder in which the holes are
formed. The point of the pin is conical in form so that when the dog is forced
downward it may find the hole and will operate to adjust the wheel both axially
and circumferentially to precise position for printing should it for any reason be
slightly out of position in any direction when the dog is operated.
In the operation of the type-wheel the cylinder 95, moves freely under the point
of the dig, but on the instant the adjuster devices complete their action upon the
type-wheel, the dogging magnet is energized and the point of the dog is thereby
forced down with the result already stated. The conical dogging pin provides as
will be obvious, not only for any failure of the adjusting devices theinselves to
give the precise axial or circumferential movement desired but also corrects any

page_text: inaccuracy of position due to any cause in all intermediate directions or on lines
between the two lines at right angles to one another on which the adjusting
mechanisms work. This magnet may be controlled as indicated in the diagram,
and as will be described further on.
The armature of the dogging magnet may also have an arm 81, carrying a
contact spring 80, by which said magnet may, if desired, be made to control the
operation of the press magnet, hereinafter described, though said press may also be
controlled quite independently of the dogging magnet.
INKING DEVICE.
The type-wheel may be inked by any desired means but it is preferred to
employ an inked ribbon which shall be automatically fed between the type-wheel
and the paper. Such a ribbon is indicated at 83, and is automatically fed from one
to the other of the two rotating ribbon spools 84, over rollers 85, (Fig. 7) properly
mounted on the frame over the type-wheel to guide the ribbon in passing from one
spool 84, to the other. This ribbon is conveniently fed by the action of a magnet
of the apparatus, preferably, one which operates at each impression.
In the present apparatus the dogging magnet is made to operate upon the
driving shaft 86, (which turns the bobbins 84,) through a ratchet wheel 77,
(Fig. 21) secured to said shaft and actuated step-by-step by a pawl carried by the
rocker 88, turning loosely on the shaft and connected through a link 78, with an
arm 87, fastened to the rocking amature bar 96. The driving shaft 86, is
furnished with a worm which operates upon two worm wheels placed at opposite
sides of it and carrying respectively gears which gear with the wheels fastened to
the bobbins 84, as shown in Fig. 3. As will be seen the rotation of the shaft 86,
step-by-step imparts a movement to the bobbins 84, in proper direction to wind the
inking ribbon from one bobbin onto the other.
SUNFLOWER OR DISTRIButer,
For controlling the operation of the selecting relays U, V, W, X, Y, and
the other magnets described, a sunflower or distributer shown in Figs. 36, 37,
38, 39, 42, 49, etc., and constructed and operating as follows is employed.
A, is the main frame in which the various parts of the distributer are mounted,
and B³, is the driving motor by which power is applied to the escapeinent of the
distributer or sunflower. The motor may be an electric motor or any other
driving power. K³, is a vertical shaft to which B', is geared through a bevel gear
as indicated.
K', is the escapement wheel shaft of the distributer and 2, the escapement
wheel mounted thereon. Shaft K', carries a pinion that gears with wheel 11, loose
on shaft K, but frictionally connected therewith by means of a spiral spring 15,
one end of which is fixed to wheel 11, while its other end rubs against the inside
of a barrel 13, fixed to shaft K. By this means the driving power is frictionally
connected with the actuating wheel for the distributer and with the escapement
wheel. The latter is of any desired character. An anchor escapement is shown-
a, being the anchor which is vibrated by an electro-magnet or magnets C, to be
presently described. The anchor is attached to the rock shaft 16, which carries
the armature or armatures S, for said electro-magnet.
The improved distributer or sunflower herein described is especially constructed
for rapid operation and for accessibility and certainty of action. To obtain rapidity
of operation the cycle of circuit changes which a sunflower is required to produce
should be repeated a comparatively large number of times in one whole revolution
of the apparatus. It is found in practice that under conditions of actual use, a
trailer, as heretofore employed, is not satisfactory for the purpose. The dis-
tributer or sunflower herein described dispenses with a trailer, gives accessibility
for repair and adjustment and admits of very rapid operation.

page_text: artns d
To these ends a number of rock shafts are employed each carrying two arms
one of which is a circuit closing and breaking arm, the other of which is the
actuating arm engaged or operated by pins or lugs on a wheel carried by the
shaft K. By preference the pins are secured in the face of the escape wheel 2,
as indicated at c. The rock shafts indicated at 17, are mounted in suitable
bearings on the frame. At the lower end they are provided with the arms 18,
for engagement by the pins c. At their upper ends they carry the circuit closing
Each of the latter is preferably made as a blade spring projecting from
a collar fastened to the shaft 17, by a screw 14, and circumferentially adjustable,
whereby the relation of the circuit closing arms to the actuating arms below may
be adjusted for the purpose of obtaining a closure of circuit at the proper time in
the operation of the rocker by the lugs acting on the arms below. Contact pins
upon which the arms d, close and break circuit are indicated at the latter being
mounted in posts set in insulating bushings in the plate 20. The pins f, form
respectively the terminals or poles of circuits to be closed one at a time in rapid
succession after the manner of the ordinary sunflower circuits or branches
arms d, form the other terminals or poles, being in electrical connection with the
plate or frame on which they are mounted, or otherwise connected to the local
circuits. Retracter springs for the rockers are indicated at 21, these being blade
springs fastened to the collars carrying the arms and being kept in tension by
engagement with pins or stops 22, through which the circuit of the arms is also
made independently of the bearings for the rock shafts. Back stops for the circuit
closing arms are indicated at /¹.
The
The pins c, engage with the bevelled ends of arms 18, as shown, and in the
movement of the escapement wheel one half tooth or space consequent upon the
movement of the anchor in one direction, pass into and out of engagement with an
arm 18, and thereby produce a make and break of circuit by one arm d. For each
whole movement of the anchor to and fro two local circuits are made and broken,
and on the movement of the escape wheel three whole teeth, all the rockers are
operated. So that all of the local circuits are made and broken in succession,
each make and break of one taking place between the similar complete operation
of the circuit controllers which act in the circuits coming before and after it
in the electric series. In other words a complete operation of the controller
necessary to change the condition of each branch from normal and back to normal
takes place in the one movement to the operating wheel allowed by one movement
to or fro of the controlling or escapement lever. This is a feature which is claimed
broadly as applied to all distributers of the step-by-step type, operating to change
in succession iapidly the electrical condition of a series of circuits or branches of
circuit and to repeat the operation.
It will be noticed that in the same arc of revolution of the distributer there is a
differential number of operating pins or lugs and rocker arms, the space between
pins being less than that hetween the rockers and such that the rockers will be
actuated in regular succession by the pins in turn. The angular spice between the
pins is less than that between the ends of the rocker arms and is such that in the
revolution of the actuating wheel for the angular distance covered by the pins, all
the rockers will be operated.
In the arrangement of the pin shown in Fig. 38, the left hand rocker arm in the
range of six at the top of the figure is supposed to be the first one operate in
a cycle of six changes starting with the wheel in the position shown and the next
one to the right thereof to be the last one of the six operated. In this case the
one at the extreme right would be the second in the cycle. As will be seen the
first one of the cycle has a pin in position to operate it when the wheel moves
a one-half tooth while other pins of the wheel are in such position that on the
successive movements of the wheel the number 1, rocker at the extreme right will
be the next one operated and so on proceeding in the direction of revolution to the
rocker which is the one next to the left hand end of the range.
In the arrange-
ment shown this last or sixth rocker is the one which has just been left by the pin

page_text: and, as will be seen, is also the one which is furthest from the next pin proceeding
in the reverse direction to the direction of revolution so that it will be the last to
be operated.
It will be obvious that any rocker might be taken as the first of the cycle, the
automatic unison stop, however, being properly disposed to hold the wheel, as will
be presently described, so that each cycle may begin at the same point.
Omitting for the time being the consideration of the position of the unison stop
and taking the rocker at the right as the first in the cycle, it will be seen that the
wheel is about to operate upon the rocker which is the last in the cycle. At the
beginning of the new cycle the number 1, rocker will be operated by its pin
while the next five pins, proceeding in the direction of revolution, are in position
such that the rockers will be successively actuated, the second of them by the
second pin at the next stop of the wheel and so on until finally on the sixth stop,
the last one of the six pins would actuate the final rocker. As soon as this has
taken place the next pin to the right of the one that has started this cycle of
actions will have moved up into position to cause the first change of circuit in a
repetition of the cycle but the last one of the six concerned in the first cycle will
not be engaged in the operation because at the last change of circuit in said cycle,
it will have moved out of range of the series of rocker arms.
As will be seen the rockers of the series are well spaced and the circuit changer
parts are readily accessible for inspection and adjustment, but the six changes of
circuit are produced by a movement of the wheel equivalent only to the distance
from one rocker pin to the next.
This distributer controls the five local circuits by which, through the action of
selecting relays and magnets, the type-wheel adjusting devices may be operated
singly or in various combinations, and a sixth local circuit for restoring the devices
to normal or for other purpose. The apparatus is however adapted for use with a
greater or less number of circuits. With an escapement-wheel having forty-five
teeth and an anchor escapement, the cycle of changes produced by the distributer
will be repeated fifteen times for each whole revolution of the wheel and if each
main line pulse produces one movement of the anchor escapement then the
revolution of the wheel will cover ninety main line pulses. When the device is
operated and controlled as will be described fifteen letters or characters could be
printed for each whole revolution of the shaft and wheel K', 2.
ACTUATING MAGNET FOR ESCAPEMENT OF DISTRIBUTER.
In order to obtain a powerful and extremely rapid operation of the magnet
which actuates the escapement lever for the distributer a double winding of the
.core or cores of the magnet is employed and said windings are alternately
traversed by a proper current so as to cause the said magnet or magnets to alternate
in polarity. The armature or armatures are polarized. Preferably two armatures
are employed and both are actuated in both directions by simultaneously co-acting
magnet cores.
S, indicates two soft iron armatures oppositely polarized from any desired
source. Preferably they are polarized by mounting them in the opposite poles of
a permanent magnet S. The armatures are fastened to the rock shaft 16, which
carries the anchor escapement a.
S', is an electro-magnet whose core is provided with a double winding and whose
opposite poles are presented respectively to the armatures S, at one side thereof.
Through these windings currents are caused to flow alternately and in rapid
succession by the action of the main line pulses but in each coil the current flows
in an opposite direction to the flow in the other so that the cores will be reversed
in polarity at each pulsation. This is conveniently accomplished by placing the
two wirdings respectively in the two branches of a local circuit of a battery
controlled respectively by the local contacts of relay R, as shown in Figs. 42, 49,
said relay being the main line relay through which the pulses sent by the

page_text: transn.itter flow. These pulses are alternately positive and negative and a
particular one or more of them is prolonged according to the letter to be-
transmitted.
S³, is a magnet the pole ends of whose cores are presented respectively to the
armature but at the opposite sides from the poles of S7. The magnet S³, is also
double wound and cuirents are caused to flow in the windings alternately, but
simultaneously with the flow of currents in the two windings of $7. The direction
of flow in each winding of S8, is such that the poles of the magnet will conspire
with those of S7, when excited at the same time, to move the armatures, the poles
of one attracting said armatures and the poles of the other repelling at the same
time. When the current ceases in the one set of windings and flows in the other-
set on the two cores the armatures are moved in the opposite direction.
The two windings of S8, are connected to the local, similarly to those of S..
It is convenient to connect one of the two windings of one core into series circuit
with one of the two windings in the other, but in such way that the polarities when-
the current flows through the connected windings shall conspire to move the
armatures. The other two coils of the two cires are connected together in a
similar way into the other branch of the local. As the armature of the relay R,
moves in obedience to the reversed pulsations in the line, the armature will be
caused to move correspondingly and vibrate the escapement, the latter moving in
one duection for a pulsation of one polarity in the main line and in the opposite
direction for a pulsation of the opposite polarity.
Six alternations of current on the main line will produce one cycle of changes
by the distributer since as already explained each six vibrations of the escapement
will rotate the wheel three teeth and produce the six local connections through the
distributer.
DISTRIBUTER UNISON DEVICE.
The unison stop devices whereby the distributer may be caused to always begin
its cycle of changes or connections to the local circuits always at the same point in
relation to the succession of main line pulses, may be of any desired mechanical
construction, but are preferably controlled by a magnet provided with two coils
wound differentially or reversely. Through these coils currents are caused to flow
rapidly in alternation until a pulse is prolonged or otherwise modified so that a
change may be effected therein sufficient to permit the operation of its armature.
So long as the pulses are short and follow in rapid succession the current through
each coil only overcomes the effect of current through the other and as a result the
core remains unaffected.
When the current is prolonged in one of them the armature is affected. This
prolongation is made at the termination of any number of or of every cycle or-
series of main line pulses by which the distributer is moved in order to produce a
cycle of changes in the local connections controlled by it. Preferably the prolonged
pulse is made to follow every series of pulses by which a character or letter is
transmitted. There being six pulses required to produce a complete cycle of
changes by the sunflower or distributer, and five pulses for each letter or character
transmitted, the prolonged synchronizing pulse would be the sixth pulse of a series.
The unison magnet may be polarized and will then be found to respond with great
certainty and rapidity so that no time shall be lost in making one series of pulses
follow close upon another. When each letter or character is transmitted by a
definite number of pulses, positive and negative, the synchronizing pulse which is
prolonged is of always the same polarity. In practice it may be found desirable
at intervals to transmit from time to time a number of series of short pulses none of
which are prolonged, each series being succeeded by the prolonged pulse. The
short pulses in each series may be five or more in number and insure the move-
ment of the apparatus to the unison point. As the unison stop is normally in
position to engage, each series of pulses for a letter or character, should be followed-
by the prolonged pulse.

page_text: S³, is the unison magnet. Its two soft iron cores are polarized from the
permanent magnet S2, to whose poles the cores are respectively attached. Each
core is wound with two coils through which currents are made to flow alternately
in rapid succession by connecting said coils into the local circuits of the stops, for
the main relay as indicated in the diagram, or by other means. Two coils (one
on each core) are connected in series in one circuit and the remaining two are
similarly connected in the other circuit and the coils are so wound or connected
that each pulse in one set will assist the permanent magnetism and each pulse in
the other will tend to cut it down. The effect of the latter upon the armature
is nil., the retracter simply holding the armature more strongly in retracted position.
The effect of the former is to momentarily increase the magnetism which would
attract the armature but the short pulses do not have time to sufficiently charge
the core to pull up the armature. When prolonged, however, the armature will
be drawn up and remove the unison catch symbolized at b, from the path of the
stop devices connected to the sunflower. In the present case the stop is shown
arranged in the path of the unison pins consisting of teeth upon a wheel 6', connected
to the escapement wheel for the distributer.
As a movement of the escapement wheel three whole teeth produces a complete
cycle of local circuit changes, the teeth upon 6', are made one-third in number of
the teeth upon the escapeinent wheel, though there might be a less number of such
teeth so that for instance a tooth on wheel b', would reach position to be locked
by the unison stop after movement of the escapement wheel equivalent to the
space of six or nine teeth of said escape wheel. The catch or stop b, is mounted
on an arm 610, attached to a rock shaft 6, to which are secured arms 68, holding
the armature for electro-magnet S³. A blade spring 6, attached to arm 610, and
engaged by a tension adjusting screw serves as a retracter for the armature lever,
and to hold the catch in position to engage the unison teeth of the wheel.
If the
transmission be by perforated or embossed strip each sixth pulse would be
prolonged to make a synchronizing pulse as indicated in Fig. 44, of the drawings
and allow the wheel to pass the unison to begin the new cycle. At intervals
a series of short pulses, preferably limited in number to the number in a letter
or character transmission followed by the long pulse, could be used from time
to time to insure synchronism as indicated at the end of the section of perforated
strip. The prolonged pulse would in each case be that which causes the receiver
to put an impulse through that one of the differential coils on S³, that strengthens
the magnetism thereof, thereby withdrawing the stop b, simultaneously with the
movement of the escapement which allows the wheel to move and carry the stop
tooth past the tooth. The next pulse at the beginning of the next series allows
the armature to fall back and the tooth to move in towards the wheel in position
to catch the next unison tooth which, however, it is prevented from doing by the
final prolonged pulse of proper polarity ending up such series as the tooth gets
around to position to engage the catch. The prolonged or sixth palse following
the transmission of each character besides operating on the synchronizing magnet,
affords also a slightly prolonged space or interval of time in which the operation
of the paper feeding and printing devices and the dogging magnet and the
resetting of the armatures for the selecting relays or of other devices which are
instrumental in setting the type-wheel to position for printing a character may
be effected.
LOCAL CIRCUIT CONTROLLER MAGNET.
S, in the diagram, Figs. 42, 49, is the controlling magnet for the several selecting
relays U, V, W, X, Y, whose circuits are consecutively closed by the distributer.
This magnet is preferably a double wound magnet and the circuit of its two coils
are closed alternately and in rapid succession by the action of the relay R, which
is operated by the main line pulses. For each main line pulse a current is caused
to flow through one of the coils of magnet S. On the prolongation or strengthening
of au impulse through one or the other of said coils the said magnet S, becomes

page_text: excited so as to operate its armature and close the circuit of the selecting relay
whose circuit is at such time closed at the distributer.
If the pulses are short and follow each other in rapid succession the current
through one coil only, overcomes the effect of a current through the other and as a
result the core remains insufficiently magnetized. When, however, the current in
either coil is prolonged, its effect will quickly overcome the effect of magnetism
due to the other coil and as a result the relay is brought into action.
The controller magnet S, has its two coils included respectively in series circuit
with the two coils of the anison magnet S8, and the two coils of the
magnet which operates the escapement of the distributer, all these said magnets
being thus included in practically the same local circuit controlled from the two
contacts forming respectively the front and back contacts of the main line relay R.
These several magnets may be thus operated all in the same local circuit without
confusion, each performing the duty required of it exactly.
magnet which operates the escapement of the distributer, all these said magnets
being thus included in practically the same local circuit controlled from the two
contacts forming respectively the front and back contacts of the main line relay R.
These several magnets may be thus operated all in the same local circuit without
confusion, each performing the duty required of it exactly.
SELECTING RELAYS AND
GENERAL CIRCUIT CONNECTIONS OF
APPARATUS.
As shown in the diagram Fig. 42, the several selecting relays U, V, W, X, Y,
which control the operation of the adjuster magnets have their circuits connected
to the contacts f, of the distributer, in the order indicated. Relay U, controls by
a local circuit 100, adjuster H; V, controls adjuster G; W, controls adjuster F;
X, controls adjuster J, and Y, controls adjuster I. This special order of connection
and operation is such that the adjuster magnet whose follower has the greatest
distance to move shall be brought into action first in the cycle of changes produced
by the distributer and so on in regular order, that adjuster magnet whose armature
has to move the least distance being controlled by the selecter relay connected to
contact No. 5, which is the last one of the contacts for the distributer over which
the circuit is closed in any cycle excepting the final contact 6.
The latter is the
one which may be employed for closing a restoring circuit 98, 99, that is closed at
the termination of each cycle of operations for the purpose of restoring the
armature levers of the selecting relays to normal position. The current on this
restoring circuit does its work through another set of coils on said relay in obvious
manner.
The press magnet c', as before stated, is operated once for each cycle of changes
corresponding to that by which a character or letter of the type-wheel is set into
position. Preferably this action is produced by a circuit.controller connected to
the distributer itself. The closure of the circuit for the press magnet might take
place at any stage of the cycle of changes produced by the distributer but the
particular point in the operation of the distributer where this circuit is closed
would be determined by the time required to bring the pad against the paper after
the closure of circuit. This would of course depend, among other things, upon the
sluggishness of the press magnet. In any case the time of closure should be such
that the press will do its work just before the resetting devices come into action to
move the type-wheel back to the zero position and (if a dogging device is employed)
before the dogging device frees the type-wheel.
In practice the controlling circuit for the press magnet might be closed at the
end of the fourth or the beginning of the fifth change of circuit produced thereby,
the said fifth change being that which corresponds to the adjusting mechanism
which has the least distance to move and is always the last to be brought into
operation on any cycle of actions. If the circuit of the press be closed even on the
fourth, the delay in the operation of the press may in some cases be found sufficient
to allow the adjustment of the type-wheel corresponding to the fifth closure of
circuit to take place before the circuit will reach the paper, but if the action of
the press be quick the closure of its circuit might be coincident with the fifth
change. By preference, however, we control the press magnet coincidently with
D

page_text: the sixth change of circuit produced by the distributer so that the action of the
adjusting devices will certainly precede that of the press magnet and the press
cannot at any time strike the paper until all the adjustments of the type-wheel
have been made. The controlling circuit for the press is conveniently closed by
one of the actuating pins of the distributer which is made to operate on a circuit
closer composed of a rock shaft having circuit closing and actuating arms similar to
those already described. This circuit closer may be a supplemental circuit closer
the actuating arm for which is indicated at 18', and the circuit closing arm at d,
though by proper arrangements, as will be described, one of the six circuit closers
already mentioned may be utilized. The actuating arm of the supplemental
circuit closer may be in position to be operated by a pin at or about the fifth
change of circuit in each cycle of changes produced by the distributer and is so
shown in Fig. 38, though as already described it might be and preferably is
operated on the sixth change.
The circuit of the press magnet might be closed directly by the distributer
mechanism, but, as ordinarily the press magnet requires a rather heavy current, it
may be found desirable to interpose a relay between the circuit controller and the
press magnet, the latter being in such case operated from a second local closed by
the relay. As this might further delay the action of the press, it might be found
desirable to operate the circuit controller earlier in the cycle of changes than on
the fifth change. Usually the dogging magnet will be operated from the distributer
and it will be utilized as the relay, as will be presently described.
In the diagram Fig. 42, however, the simpler arrangement is shown wherein the
press magnet c', has its circuit closed directly at the contact f, of the distributer
there being also in this case an independent circuit for the press magnet
independent of the other circuits of the apparatus. The press magnet in turn
controls another local circuit for the paper feed escapement magnet h, such local
being also independent of the others and being controlled through any suitable
contacts governed by the press magnet at mature, as already explained.
In this diagram the dogging magnet is not shown and it is to be understood that
the use of such dogging magnet is optional, though in case it be not employed, it
will be understood that some other means would be used for operating the inking
ribbon.
As will be presently described, the dogging magnet, press magnet and escape-
ment magnet for the paper feed may be operated in branches of the same general
local circuit supplied fron the same canowator
The general operation of the apparatus will be described, however, with reference
to the diagram Fig. 42, the parts being connected as already described and as
clearly indicated in said diagram.
The six pulses alternately positive and negative which accompany the trans-
mission of each letter produce six vibrations of the distributer escapement and
one whole cycle of changes in the connections thereof, thereby closing in turn the
connection to all the selecter relays U, V, W, X, Y, and winding up with the
closure at contact No. 6, of the restoring circuit 98, 99, which includes coils on
the relays whereby any tongue which may have been moved forward to bring into
operation a type-wheel adjuster, will be moved back ready for the next trans-
mission. If any one of the first five pulses he prolonged, the relay whose
connection at the sunflower is closed by that pulse will be operated, because the
prolongation will operate magnet S, and complete the break in the local connection
of that relay. No other relays excepting those whose closure of connection at the
sunflower is accompanied by a prolonged pulse will be operated. The relay or
relays operated will close the circuits of the corresponding adjuster magnets and
thereby set the type-wheel to the desired position. The circuit of the press is
closed as already described towards the termination of the cycle of changes and at

page_text: maguets 1ª, 2ª, etc., and closing those of magnets 1º, 2º, etc.
DOGGING MAGNET CONNECTIONS.
Fig. 43, shows diagrammatically an arrangement that may be employed when
the dogging magnet is used. Here the press is controlled by the dogging magnet
which operates as a relay therefor. The dogging magnet is brought into operation
by a circuit closer of the distributer, as shown, so as to dog the type-wheel when
it reaches proper position for printing. The circuit closer is here shown as being
a supplemental circuit closer which is to be arranged so as to close circuit prac-
tically coincidently with the sixth change of circuit produced by the distributer
or at such instant of time that the adjusting devices will have all done their
work before the dogging magnet forces the dog down to hold the type-wheel in
its new adjusted position. The resetting circuit is supposed in this case to be
closed as before by the No. 6, circuit closer. The dogging armature closes the
circuit of the printer magnet by its spring 80, just an instant before the dog
reaches position to stop or hold the wheel, so that by the time the dog reaches
position the printing pad will be under way to strike the paper. The circuit
closing spring 80, yields after closing the circuit of the press magnet so that the
armature of the dogging magnet may complete its full movement necessary to the
complete movement of the dog 92. The press magnet armature controls the circuit
of the paper feed magnet through its back stop as already explained so as to first
discharge the magnet as the lever comes up to operate the press magnet, and then
charge the magnet when the lever drops back. The feed wheel is released by the
Intter charging of the release magnet but not by its discharge.
In this diagram the three magnets 90, c¹, h, are shown as operated in multiple
from the same battery or generator. The circuit breaker 70, actuated by the paper
transfer slide M, is here shown placed in the common return for said generator
so that it will throw out of action not only the escapement feed magnet but also
the press magnet and the dogging magnet so that no action of the press can take
place at the time of transfer.
MODIFIED CONNECTIONS FOR RESETTING, ETC.
Fig. 45, shows a preferred arrangement of circuits and devices for controlling
the dogging magnet, resetting circuit, etc. Fig. 49, shows the complete circuits
of the preferred arrangement. In this case the supplemental circuit closer may be
dispensed with and the number 6, circuit closer of the distributer employed both
for the resetting operation and for controlling the dogging magnet. The local
circuit closed by the number 6, circuit closer includes the dogging magnet 90, and
a supplemental magnet 20, which operates as a relay to close the resetting
circuits 98, 99, including the selecter relays. The relay 20, is timed to bring the
resetting circuit into action as soon as the dogging device has taken hold so as to
secure the type-wheel in its adjusted position. The closure of the resetting
circuit 98, 99, throws over the relay armatures of the selecting relays U, V,
X, W, Y, thereby closing the circuits of the magnets which operate to restore
the adjusting devices. As before explained, the relay armatures of the selecting
relays will retain the position in which they are put by the action of the resetting
circuit. When, therefore, the connection is opened at the number 6, contact of

page_text: the distributer no effect will be produced upon the said relays, but the moment the
dogging magnet 90, which is discharged by the opening of circuit at the contact 6,
frees the dog 92, from the type-wheel shaft, the adjuster devices will be free to
resume their normal position under the action of the magnets which are in the
circuits from the back contacts of the selecting relays.
Instead of operating the several magnets h, c', and 90, all in branches from the
same local battery circuit, it is preferable in most cases to operate each in an
independent local, as shown in Fig. 49, though it is found in practice that satis-
factory results are obtained by operating magnets and c¹, in branches from the
same local while 90, is in an independent circuit, as indicated in the diagram Fig. 45.
The operation of the magnets 90, h, c1, c20, and of the restoring circuit 98, 99,
are produced as will be understood in the prolonged sixth impulse accompanying
each letter transmission by the tape indicated in Fig. 44, or other means, the
prolongation affording time for the various actions.
By adjusting the contacts of relay c20, or its retracter or by otherwise determining
its action in closing the relayed circuit 99, the action of the restoring circuits may
be timed with reference to the operation of printing so that there shall be no
movement or tendency to movement of the type-wheel until the instant after the
impression is effected.
In order to obtain a clear impression and a certain and positive action of the
press pad, a resilient material like rubber may be placed both over said pad and
the paper. Thus a band of rubber or other resilient material which may be fed
between the hammer or press pad 1, and the paper in any suitable manner through
connection with the paper feed mechanism. This device is shown detached from
the other mechanisms in Figs. 46, 47 and 48. The band of soft rubber or similar
elastic material is indicated at 101. At 102, 103 and 104, are suitable rollers upon
which it is fed or moved beneath the opening in the tube C, through which the
press pad p¹, operates upon the paper. The roller 104, is fastened to the paper
roll B, before described, the latter in this case being mounted to turn upon a stud
or pin 107, fixed to a block secured inside the tube. The rollers 102, 103, revolve
on pins projecting from blocks secured on the inner side of the tube at opposite
sides of the opening through which the press pad works as clearly shown. As the
roll B, 1otates it feeds the band beneath the opening thus presenting fresh surface
constantly for impingement of the press pad. The tube C, is in this instance
preferably jointed at 108, to allow ready access for removal or attachment of a
ubber band or strip.
The long step or space in the escapement wheel for the feed mechanism which
rotates the paper tube might be omitted and the tube fed past the lap or from the
end of one line circumferentially to the beginning of the next by a series of
short steps. In this case a series of blank transmissions would be sent during
the interval between the termination of one line and the beginning of the next,
the number of such transmissions being sufficient to feed the paper over the space
which with the form before described is covered by the long space q, in the
wheel. To this end it would only be necessary in preparing messages to place
at intervals on the tape a series of blank perforations, that is to say, perforations
which would cause the press and feed to operate with the type-wheel in a position
to strike a blank in the type-wheel. As will be readily understood the blank in
the wheel, would in such instance be filled out with teeth like those in the
remainder of the periphery of said wheel.
DETAILS OF TYPE-WHEEL ADJUSTER DEVICES.
When the adjuster devices which operate the type-wheel are controlled by a
sunflower or distributer that closes the controlling circuits for the several adjusters
in succession, those adjuster magnets which come into operation late in the cycle
of changes will have less time to do their work in setting the type-wheel than
do those which operate earlier in the cycle, and in a rapid operation of the

page_text: apparatus they are therefore at a disadvantage in the operation of setting the
wheel. In operating in the opposite direction or in a way to resume normal
position those adjusters which are called into action last in the cycle will have
some time before they are called again into action and may move more slowly
in their reverse movement. To increase the speed of operation of the whole
apparatus a bias is given to the adjusters which act towards the end of a cycle,
by means of a spring or other auxiliary power which will assist their action in
the operation of setting the type-wheel although it will retard or oppose the
resetting movement of the adjuster.
The bias thus given to the adjuster operating against the magnet which restores
it to normal position has the distinct advantage that the said adjuster may be made
to move the moment its selecter relay lever leaves its back or normal stop through
which the restoring circuit is closed and before the relay lever has moved over to
closed contact on the opposite stop which closes circuit for the actuating magnet
which adjusts the type-wheel to position for printing.
In fact with the arrangement of selecting relays and adjuster magnets shown,
the actuating magnets which are brought into operation at the end of a cycle may
in some cases be dispensed with and their operation made to depend upon the
breaking of the normal circuit through the restoring magnet of the adjuster.
Although the bias in such case would be strong this would be compensated for in
the restoring operation by the fact that there is more time in the case of the
adjuster near the end of the cycle in which to effect the change back to normal.
In the Fig. 6, 109, is the biasing springs applied to the adjuster levers I, J. The
device is especially useful, however, in connection with adjuster I, which is supposed
to be the one that is last called into operation in any cycle of changes produced by
the distributer.
MODIFICATION OF PAPER SUPPORT AND FEED MECHANISM.
Instead of feeding the paper tube axially by one step at the end of a line of
printing it may be moved in an axial direction continuously during the printing of
a line by means of a worm and screw. As the printing would then describe a
spiral line around the cylinder the paper tube should be correspondingly twisted
on its support so that the lines may appear straight on the page after removal from
the machine. That which is the edge of the sheet after removal will in the
cylinder describe a long spinal longitudinally. If the paper is then fed by a
mechanism the controlling wheel of which is adjusted to have an amplified step or
feed movement periodically or once in each revolution for the purpose of feeding
across the margin of the page, the feed mechanism should be adjusted to rotate
the paper tube a little more or less than a complete rotation for one rotation of the
feed controlling wheel, in order that the beginning of the lines may also describe
a spiral parallel to the edge of the paper thus giving a uniform margin.
C, Figs. 50, 51, is a smooth stationary cylinder supported within an exterior
cylinder C, which is slotted at S and P; said cylinders being slotted at P' and D,
for the operation of the press pad upon the type-wheel. This outer cylinder C,
which, however, may be and is omitted when the edges of the paper are gummed
together to form the tube, is supported by a bracket ¹, and the interior cylinder
is supported by the same bracket which carries the printing magnet and press pad,
or by other means.
If used the paper is inserted by slipping its edge through slot S, the outer cylinder
then serving to guide it and cause it to describe a circle around the outer circum-
ference of C. When the edges are brought together under the slot S, they may
be gummed at two or more points at the edges and fastened by the application of
a hot iron. But where an outer cylinder C, is used the edges of the sheet need
not be fastened at more than one point; nor in fact is it absolutely necessary that
they be fastened together at all. It is, however, preferable to gum the edges at
two or more points even when an outer cylinder C, is used.

page_text: When the outer cylinder C, is employed, the paper tube formed on the cylinder C",
should have its edges lapped one upon the other in such way that the forward or
'advancing edge next the beginning of the lines shall be beneath the opposite edge
thereby avoiding the possibility of the edges of the paper catching against the
edges of the slots in the outer cylinder.
B, B, are the feed wheels grasping the paper through the slot P. The wheels
1otate to turn the blank and move parallel to the axis of the cylinder to move the
paper thereon so as to make the space between lines. To produce this movement
of rotation and of translation axially in the feed wheel, the following devices may
be employed, is a fixed screw shaft mounted at one end in a standard a², and
at the other end fixed to a standard f. Rotating on the screw shaft r, is a hollow
shaft or sleeve e, on which the hub n³, carrying wheels B, may slide longitudinally.
The shaft e, is rotated step-by-step by power applied in any desired way as the
feed of the paper tube circumferentially for letter and word spaces may require
being controlled in such rotation by the escapement wheels 2, 13, fastened to it.
The shaft
has a longitudinal slot el, in it through which passes a pin o, mounted
upon the hub n', and engaging the spiral, in the shaft . By this means the
hub n², works as a nut upon the screw shaft, the effect being that as the shaft e,
rotates thereby carrying the hub and feed wheel around, the latter through
engagement of pin o, with the spiral in the screw shaft, is caused to move
accordingly in an axial line over the shaft thus carrying the paper tube along in
au axial direction under the type-wheel and platen.
e,
In order to permit the devices to be returned to normal position the pin o, is
mounted in a suitable bracket o³, on the hub n2, and is held down by a spring o', in
engagement with the screw shaft. A knob os, on the end of the pin o, perinits it
to be raised out of engagement with the screw shaft so that the wheel may be slid
back to the original position shown in the drawings Fig. 51.
The support for the feed wheel B, may spring or yield slightly to allow the edge
of the paper to be fed around beneath the wheel in applying a sheet of paper to
the tube C¹.
OPERATING PRESS PAD.
In printing telegraphs the practice has usually been to operate the press pad in
one direction by electro-maguetism and in the opposite direction by a spring or
other suitable mechanical retracter, but for my purposes said press must be actuated
with great rapidity in both directions, and it will be found desirable to replace the
ordinary retracting spring, by electro-magnetism, the purpose being to secure a
positive and extremely rapid movement of the pad as is necessary in my improved
printing telegraph system, wherein the impressions succeed one another with great
rapidity.
Various forms and arrangements of electro-magnets suitable for use in producing
positive movement in both directions will readily occur to electricians as applicable
to the press pad. The action might be by reversals of magnetism by variations in
the balance of magnetic force or by intermittent action of magnets, but for the
sake of illustration we will assume the use of intermittently or alternately acting
magnets operating by attraction upon the press lever, one operating to produce the
impression, the other to reverse the movement of the press lever and restore it to
normal.
c, c', Fig. 6, are the two magnets of the press lever. The press lever p³,
pivoted at p, in the standard c, carries two armatures one operated by the
maguet c', and the other by the magnet c, said armatures being at opposite sides of
the fulcrum p, so that magnet c¹, may serve to operate the press to cause an
impression and magnet c, may restore the press to the normal position.
B', is a circuit closer contact on the shaft all, of a sunflower Fig. 56, shown in
conventional form. B¹, by means of the spring 6', closes the connection for the
press magnet from battery J¹, through a spring 6, resting on an insulated metal

page_text: cylinder 6, on the shaft all, the contact B', forming an extension of or being
connected with, said cylinder as indicated. This circuit closer is adjusted to
momentarily close the circuit of the press magnet a little before and during contact
between the sunflower arm and contact 6, that is to say, near the end of each
whole revolution of the sunflower after it has completed the connections of the
several contacts or segments leading to the selecting relays. The local battery
whereby the press is operated is indicated at J', in the diagram.
Magnet c', being in the connection from spring 6", as shown in the diagram, is
operated as already stated momentarily just before the completion of a revolution
of the sunflower arm. Magnet c, is in the connection from the spring 15, bearing
on the cylinder 6", but having in its path a circuit interrupting or insulating space
so that just before 6", closes the circuit for c', the circuit for magnet c, will be open
and remain open until that of c¹, is broken whereupon the circuit of c, will be
immediately re-established and positively draw back the press pad. The
circuit of c, remains established during the whole cycle of changes in the
revolution of the sunflower or until the point is reached where the magnet c¹,
should come into operation when the circuit of c, is interrupted. It is obviously
not necessary that the circuit of c, should be closed at all times, the design being
only that magnet c, should operate to positively restore the press to normal position
as soon as e, has done its work.
As before described the operation of the press might be through the operation
of a polarized magnet, as indicated in Fig. 52, but its action at the proper time
and in the manner described in connection with magnets c, c', would be controlled
by suitable devices for reversing the current in the operating magnet at the proper
times, as already explained in connection with the operation of the press by the
two magnets c, c¹
.
The action of the escapement magnet h, to produce the feed after each impression
is controlled by closing the circuit of a battery J³, through the back stop l, for the
press lever.
The several adjuster magnets are numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, in Fig. 56, and may be
brought into action in the proper combinations and either consecutively or simul-
taneously controlled in their operation by a series of selecting relays U, V, W,
X, Y, brought into operation when a pulse is prolonged, strengthened or
modified.
The selecter relays U, V, W, X, Y, which are preferably polarized are
respectively connected to the contacts 3, 5, 2, 1, 4, of the sunflower which is kept
in operation by means of the magnets m, operating on an escapement lever for
the escape wheel shaft a", carrying a trailer T, working over the contacts and are
thereby connected in turn through spring a, and hub of all, with the circuit of a
battery N.
The magnets m's, are alternately energized by the main line polarized
relay R.
The several adjuster relays X, U, V, W, Y, control the adjuster magnets in the
order indicated by the numbers of the adjuster magnets and the sunflower contacts,
for the reason that it is desirable to first bring into action or close the circuit of
that adjuster magnet whose follower has the greater distance to move.
The final
segment 6, of the sunflower is that over which the circuit of a restoring battery N',
is closed for the purpose of restoring the armature levers of the selecting relays to
normal position.
A part of the apparatus hereinbefore described may be used as a typewriter by
employing a key-board the key levers of which should each act upon circuit
closing devices whereby the proper combination of relays U, V, W, X, Y, should
be brought into action to effect a printing of the desired letter. In this case the
distributor portion of the apparatus would be omitted and the depression of any.
key of the key board would also close the circuit for the press magnet the action
of which would be however delayed until, by the operation of the relays, the
typewriter had been set into proper position.
It is also obvious that instead of closing the circuits of the relava U V W X Y.

page_text: the levers of the typewriter key-board might close the connections directly for the
adjuster magnets operating on the type adjusting levers, F, G, H, I, J.
Minor modifications of the apparatus which might be necessary to adapt the
apparatus for use as a typewriter will be obvious to skilled mechanics.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed 1 declare that what I
claim as improvements in and pertaining to telegraphic printing apparatus is;
1. In a type-by-type printer, a fixed support for the paper blank formed as a
tube or endless band, and suitable frictional feeding devices engaging directly with
the blank for rotating it upon its support continuously in the same direction in
printing lines and from the end of one line to the beginning of the next and for
moving it axially to cover the space between lines, as and for the purpose
described.
2. In a type-by-type printer, a fixed support for the paper blank formed as a
tube or endless band, and suitable feeding devices engaging directly with the
blank for rotating it upon its support continuously in the same direction in printing
lines and from the end of one line to the beginning of the next, and means for
moving said paper tube axially to cover the spaces between lines.
3. In a type-by-type printer, a blank consisting of a tube adapted to rotate
upon a stationary support or cylinder, a feeding apparatus engaging directly with
said paper tube for feeding the same step by step and also for feeding said paper
tube lengthwise to cover the space between lines.
4. In a type-by-type printer, the combination with the paper blank fed
continuously in the same direction, of a feeding mechanism constructed and
operating as described so as to move the paper with an enlarged feed step at the
end of each line of printing.
5. In a type-by-type printer, the paper feed escapement anchor lever herein
described having the two pallets engaging respectively with two escapement
wheels, one of said pallets being pivoted as described on its supporting arm and
provided with a spring and stop.
6. In a type-by-type printer, the paper feed escapement mechanism herein
described consisting of the two escapement wheels one of which has a lengthened.
blank space and an escapement lever having two pallets engaging respectively with
said wheels.
7. In a printing telegraph apparatus having a sunflower or distributor, as
described, and type-adjusting magnets, a double wound controlling magnet S,
placed in the circuit through the sunflower and adapted to respond to a
prolongation or modification in the rapid succession of currents flowing through
its coils alternately.
8. In a type-by-type printer, the paper feed escapement mechanism, consisting
of two pallets one of which is movable with reference to the other, a ratchet wheel
or wheels with which said pallets engage, a movable paper tube gearing with said
escapement wheel or wheels, and a stationary support for said paper tube.
9. In a type-by-type printer, the paper feed escapement mechanism, consisting
of two pallets one of which is movable with reference to the other, a ratchet wheel
or wheels having a lengthened blank space and with which said pallets engage, a
movable paper tube gearing with said escapement wheel or wheels, and a stationary
support for said paper tube.
10. In a type-by-type printer having a paper feed mechanism, a controlling
mechanism or escapement therefor constructed to release the mechanism on
movement of the escapement in one direction only, and means controlled by the
press apparatus for operating said controlling escapement in a direction to allow
the feed to take place when the press apparatus falls back after each impression.
11. In a type-by-type printer, a paper tube blank mounted on a suitable
cylindrical support and provided with means engaging with the surface of the tube
for tuining it continuously in the same direction in the printing of lines, and also

page_text: with a step-by-step axial feed device operated intermittently or at the end of each
line of printing but normally out of connection with the paper surface, as and for
the purpose described.
12. In a type-by-type printer, a rotating paper tube, a stationary support or
cylinder therefor, a paper feed mechanism, a controlling mechanism or escapement
therefor constructed to release the mechanism on movement of the escapement in
one direction only, and means for operating said controlling escapement in a
direction to allow the feed to take place both after the impression of a character
and for the feeding of the paper blank covering spaces between words and
sentences.
13. The step-by-step axial feed device for the paper tube having an actuating
spring in which power is stored from the driving power of the machine during the
printing of the line, and means for releasing the spring and bringing the axial
feed device into engagement with the paper at the completion of the line of
printing.
14. The combination with the mechanism for rotating the paper tube circum-
ferentially in the printing of a line, of means for automatically disengaging said
feed mechanism from the paper at the end of the line during the operation of the
axial feed mechanism.
15. In a type-by-type printer, mechanism for automatically and simultaneously
throwing the circumferential feed device and the axial feed device out of action
or connection with the paper tube when a new tube is to be slipped into printing
position upon the support, as and for the purpose described.
16. The combination with the blank upon which the line is printed circum-
ferentially, of the driving gear formed as described to have a lost motion at the
end of the feed by which the margin on the printed page is covered and thereby
allow time for the axial feed devices to work.
17. The combination with the paper tube, of the paper feed wheel mounted on a
suitable support and actuating devices for moving the wheel away from the paper
in the latter part of the enlarged or amplified feed movement of rotation permitted
by the escapement devices at the end of each line.
18. The main driving shaft for the paper feed mechanism carrying an actuating
arm for throwing the circumferential feed mechanism out of action at the end
of each line, and also a cam or other device for operating the axial feed
mechanism.
19. The combination with the paper tube on which the lines are printed
circumferentially, of the axial feed pad for engaging with the paper but normally
out of contact therewith, said feed pad being mounted upon a spring actuated lever
which is in turn carried by a support engaged by an actuating cam, as and for the
purpose described.
20. The combination with the paper tube and its feeding devices movable into
and out of contact therewith, of means for positively stopping the paper tube
just before or at the instant it is freed from the control of said feed devices.
21. The combination with the tubular or endless blank fed circumferentially, of
a suitable support therefor, a feed wheel exterior to the support, and a friction
wheel mounted within the support and engaging with the inside of the paper tube
opposite said feed wheel.
22. In a type-by-type printer, a paper feed mechanism released to feed the
paper step-by-step and provided with means for freeing it from its controlling
device to allow it to rotate to zero, aud means for simultaneously holding the paper
feed devices away from position to engage with the paper.
23. The combination with the tubular endless paper blank fed circumferentially,
of a suitable support therefor, and a feed wheel exterior to said support and blank
for giving rotation to said tubular blank.
24. The combination with the escapement wheel for the paper feed mechanism,
of a zero stop engaged by said wheel when it is freed from the escapement, as and
for the purpose described.

page_text: 25. The automatically retracted zero stop for the paper feed escapement wheel,
as and for the purpose described.
26. The combination of the feed wheel feeding the paper circumferentially
step-by-step and mounted on a movable support, of the release pin for disengaging
the hook connected to said support when the latter has been operated by the
driving power and thus allowing the feed wheel to return to engagement with
the paper.
27. The combination with the paper feed escapement, of the manual controller
for freeing the escapement wheel, and a circuit controller simultaneously discharging
the magnet which operates the escapement.
28. The combination with the manual device for freeing the step-by-step paper
feed mechanism and allowing it to rotate to zero position, of the automatic brake
or similar retarding device connected with the manual device, as and for the
purpose described.
29. The combination with the manual device for freeing the paper feed escape-
ment, of the circuit controller which throws out of action both the magnet which
operates the feed escapement and the magnet which operates the press.
30. In a type-by-type printer, the combination with the feed mechanism and its
controlling escapement of a continuously acting motor exerting a constant torque
and connected with the escapement through a spring which is kept under a
uniform tension by said motor.
31. Impelling or adjusting devices having positive mechanical connection with
the type-wheel for adjusting it to position for printing and each operated in both
directions by an actuating magnet or magnets whose circuits are controlled by
selecting relays, as and for the purpose described.
32. A type-wheel set into position for printing by a series of adjusting devices
some of which rotate said wheel while others move it axially, and a dogging device
having an actuating magnet which is energized after each adjusting action and
before the printing is effected.
33. The combination with the type-wheel axially and circumferentially
adjustable, of the conical dogging pin for holding the type-wheel in adjusted
position as well as correcting any inaccuracy of position from defect in the action
of the adjusting devices.
34. A dogging magnet controlled from a circuit of a distributer or circuit
changer which governs the action of the adjusting devices by which the type-wheel
is set to position.
35. In a type-by-type printer, a press magnet controlled from the circuit-of the
dogging magnet which fixes the type-wheel in adjusted position, as and for the
purpose described.
36. The combination with the type-wheel, of its dogging magnet, a press magnet
in a circuit controlled by said dogging magnet, and a magnet controlling the paper
feed device and placed in a circuit governed by the press magnet.
37. In a type by type printer, a press magnet controlled from the circuit of the
dogging magnet which fixes the type-wheel in adjusted position, and a magnet
timed to act with said dogging magnet for feeding the paper tube step by step
after each impression or for feeding said tube through spaces between words or
sentences.
38. The combination with the type-wheel, its adjuster magnets and selecting
relays governing the circuits of the adjuster magnets, of a restoring circuit for
the relays controlled from the circuit which includes the dogging magnet.
39. The combination, as described, with the type-wheel adjusting magnet or
magnets that are called into action toward the end of cycle of changes produced by
the sunflower or distributer, of an anxiliary assisting device such as a spring, as
and for the purpose described.
40. The combination with a type-wheel and press pad, of a resilient cushion, of
some elastic material like rubber fed between the pad and paper.
41. The press pad mounted on a bell crank lever within the tube which supports

page_text: the paper blank, and an operating magnet mounted outside the tube and having its
armature connected with the bell crank by a rod or link.
42. The fixed paper supporting cylinder carrying the paper tube blank and
supported from one end only, said cylinder being adapted to permit a tubular blank
to be slipped end wise upon its free end and having a sufficient space at its supported
end to permit a filled blank to be slid endwise away from position for printing in
the operation of sliding a fresh blank into position.
43. A type-wheel axially adjustable and connected as described to a double
fulcrum lever or levers upon which adjuster magnets operate singly or in combination
to adjust said wheel to different positions.
44. An axially movable type-wheel or platen made to move also transversely or
circumferentially and connected with a double fulcrum lever or system of levers
upon which two or more adjusting magnets operate as described, singly or in
combination, to adjust said wheel by a positive action to the different required
positions for printing from any character in a line of type.
45. A type-wheel, and means for adjusting the same to any desired position for
printing, consisting in two or more levers, substantially as described, and means for
operating said levers singly or in combination to adjust said wheel to its various
positions.
46. In a printing telegraph, a movable type wheel which may be set to any.
desired position for printing and means for rotating the same, consisting in a series
of pivoted levers, and means for conveying the movement of said levers into a
rotating action of said wheel, as and for the purpose set forth.
47. A distributer or sunflower device for closing in rapid succession a series of
circuits, consisting of a series of circuit closers each having an actuating arm, and
an actuating wheel moving step by step and operating on said circuit closers or
controllers in succession to cause each to produce a complete change of electrical
condition in its circuit from normal and back to normal on movement of the
actuating wheel one step.
48. A sunflower or distributer containing a series of circuit closers and breakers
and an operating wheel acting on the same and having its successive actuating
lugs or spaces differential to the spaces between the circuit closers and breakers
so that all the latter shall be operated in a movement of the wheel equal to one
of its own spaces.
49. In a sunflower or distributer, circuit closers and breakers each consisting,
of a rock shaft having two arms one of which is a circuit closing arm adjustably
fastened on the shaft so as to be capable of circumferential adjustment thereon
while the other is an actuating arm fastened to said shaft and engaged by an
operating wheel.
50. In a sunflower or distributer, the rock shafts having hubs or collars,
fastened thereon and each carrying two plate springs one constituting a circuit
closing arm and the other a retracting spring kept in tension by engagement
with the stop through which electrical connection is maintained.
51. The combination with the pair of armatures of opposite polarity
respectively and both connected to a vibrating escapement, of a pair of double
wound magnet cores between whose ends the armatures vibrate, and means for
causing a rapid succession of currents in the two windings of said cores in
alternation.
52. A sunflower or distributer operating step-by-step in response to a series of
line pulses and provided with a unison device normally standing in position to,
arrest the sunflower at the termmation of each series of pulses by which the
sunflower is caused to make the complete cycle of changes in the local circuits
or branches which it controls.
53. The combination with the unison stop for the sunflower or distributer, of
a. double wound controlling magnet adapted to respond to a prolongation or
modification in the rapid succession of currents flowing through its windings
altownstol

page_text: 54. An electro-magnet controlling the unison stop for the distributer and
placed in a circuit including the coils of the magnet by which the said distributer
is caused to move step-by-step.
55. In a printing telegraph in which each letter or character is transmitted by
the same number of alternately positive and negative impulses, a unison stop for
the receiving apparatus adapted to bring the same to rest after each letter
transmission, and a controlling polarized magnet therefor responsive to a modified
controlling impulse at the termination of each series of impulses by which a
letter or character is transmitted.
56. A double wound controlling magnet S, governing the circuits of the
selecting relays and having its windings included respectively in the circuits of
the double wound unison magnet for the distributer to which the selecting relays
are connected.
57. The distributer controlling the selecting relays and having a branch which
includes the dogging magnet for the type-wheel and also includes a relay for the
restoring circuit of the selecting relays.
58. In a printing telegraph, a press pad and an operating magnet or magnets
for actuating said pad positively in both directions first to effect an impression and
then to withdraw the pad, as and for the purpose described.
59. The combination with the several selecting relays which control the adjuster
magnets, of a restoring circuit including said selecting relays and governed
by a relay in a branch of the distributer or sunflower, as and for the purpose
described.
60. In a type printing apparatus, a blank formed as an endless band or tube
in combination with means for moving the blank step by step in the same direction
both for letter and word spaces, and by an enlarged single step across the space
between the end of one line and the beginning of the next.
61. In a type printing machine, a blank returning upon itself to bring its edges
together, in combination with means for feeding said blank in the direction of the
letter space feed from the end of one line to the beginning of the next by a
lengthened feed step.
62. In a type printing machine, a blank mounted in the machine as an endless
band or tube upon which the lines are printed circumferentially or in the direction
of the travel of the band, in combination with step by step mechanism for moving
the band or tube in the direction of the letter or word space feed, said mechanism
having a long feed space or spaces for crossing the edge at the end of the line to
the beginning of a new line by a longer step or steps.
63. In a type printing machine, a paper or other blank mounted as a tube or
endless band, in combination with means for feeding it in the same direction to
print the lines around its circumference as well as to cross the gap from edge to
edge of the blank by a lengthened feed step in order to begin a new line, and
means for feeding said blank axially to cover the space between lines.
64. The combination with the blank feeding always in the same direction both
for letter or word spaces and for the space from the end of one line to the
beginuing of the next, of a feed mechanism moving the blank in the direction of
letter and word spaces having an enlarged or amplified feed space adjusted as
described, to come into operation at the end of each line.
65. In a type by type printer, the combination with a blank formed as a tube or
endless band, a fixed support therefor, means for rotating the tube step by step
upon its support and continuously in the same direction, as described, and means
for giving said blank a movement of translation in the direction of its axis of
rotation to produce the vertical space between lines.
66. The combination, substantially as described, of a typewheel adjusted to its
various positious for printing by a series of impelling devices acting singly or in
various combinations, a press apparatus brought into operation automatically on
the completion of each cycle of actions in the type wheel adjusting apparatus, a.
power driven feed mechanism, an electro-magnet for releasing the same, and ineaus

page_text: for controlling said magnet to release said feed mechanism on the reverse movement
of the press after each impression.
67. The combination, substantially as described, in a type by type printer, of a
tubular blank and a step by step feed therefor, a sunflower or distributer governing
the position of the type-wheel, a press apparatus controlled by said sunflower, and
means for releasing the feed devices on reverse movement of the press after each
impression.
68. My improved type-by-type printing apparatus constructed arranged and
operating substantially as described and illustrated in Figs. 1 to 23 inclusive of the
accompanying drawings.
69. My improved printing telegraph apparatus constructed arranged and
operating substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings-
& claims
Dated this 13th day of August 1895.
For the Applicant,
W. LLOYD WISE,
46 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agent..