IMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANIC BATTERIES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Roberts Rogers at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st July 1882.
JOHN ROBERT ROGERS of 7 Hargrave Park Rd. Upper Holloway N London
IMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANIC BATTERIES
Oxide of Copper with a mixture of plumbago (Graphite or Blacklead) and peroxide
of manganese is used in combination with copper and zinc as electrodes. The
combination of the elements may be made in three forms
1st. In a porus cell or pot are placed plates of copper and which plates are made
to radiate from the centre of the pot to its circumference and these plates are to
be united at the centre. Between these plates is placed a mixture of an oxide of
copper plumbago (graphite or blacklead) and peroxide of manganese. This cell is
to be placed in a solution of one or more of the salts of ammonium sodium or
potassium (preferably the salts of ammonium) and into this solution is to be placed
a bar of zinc or a cylinder of that metal, which is to surround the porus pot. A
salt of mercury such as the bichloride is to be added
2nd A porus pot or cell is surrounded by a cylinder or cell of copper whose
diameter is at least one inch greater than that of the porus cell and the intervening
space is to be filled with the mixture already described and the bar or cylinder of
zinc is to be placed inside the porus cell or pot, which should contain a solution of
one of the salts of ammonium, sodium, or potassium, (preferably the salts of
aminonium) together with the sulphide of mercury, this is to be immersed in a
solution of sulphate of copper
3rd. For a negative element; on each side of a copper plate is to be placed a
compressed plate of the mixture already described which compressed plate should
be of such form so as to touch only at the top and bottom consequently leaving a
space between the two. For the positive element; a zinc plate should be placed as
closely as convenient to the compressed plate, without touching; these should be
immersed in a solution of one of the salts already mentioned

page_text: Acetic acid or vinegar may be mixed with the contents of the cell in which the
zinc element is to be placed
I claim as my invention the following
1at. The general arrangement of the galvanic cell substantially as herein
described
2nd The employment of a copper element separated from the positive element
by means of a mixture of an oxide of copper, plumbago and peroxide of
manganese.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Roberts Rogers in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
24th January 1883.
JOHN ROBERTS ROGERS of 7 Hargrave Park Road Upper Holloway N
IMPROVEMENTS ON GALVANIC BATTERIES
Oxide of copper with a mixture of plumbago (graphite or blacklead) and per
oxide of manganese is used in combination with copper or carbon and zinc as
electrodes; the combination of the elements may be made as follows
1st. A porus cell or pot is used as a receiver for plates of copper radiating from
the centre to the circumferance, and united at the centre. Between these plates
the mixture of oxide of copper, plumbago graphite or blacklead and per-oxide of
manganese is to be inserted this cell is to be surrounded with a cylinder of zinc
and is to be immersed in one of the solutions usually used for the purpose of
exciting electricity preferably the salts of ammonium with or without the sulphide
of mercury.
The copper plates can be attached to a plate or bar of carbon or of compressed
plumbago; the carbon or compressed plumbago may be surrounded by a spiral
piece of copper which is not attached to the carbon or compressed plumbago, and
the intervening spaces are to be filled with plumbago leaving sufficient room near
the top of the cell for crystals of a salt of copper, and immediately before the cell
is required for use acetic acid or vinegar should be added.
2nd. A porus cell or pot is surrounded by a cylinder or cell of copper whose
diameter is at least one inch greater than that of the porus cell, and the inter-
vening space is filled with the mixture already described, and the bar or cylinder
of zinc is to be placed inside the porus cell or pot which should contain one of the
usual solutions preferably a solution of one of the soluble salts of ammonium
together with the sulphide of mercury; this is to be immersed in a solution of
sulphate of copper
3rd. For a negative element, on each side of a copper plate is to be placed a
compressed plate of the mixture already described which compressed plate should
be of such form as to touch only at the top and bottom consequently leaving a space
between the two: for the positive element; a zinc plate should be placed as closely

page_text: as convenient to the compressed plate without touching these should be immersed
in a solution of one of the salts already mentioned
Acetic acid or vinegar may be mixed with the contents of the cell in which the
zinc element is to be placed
Having described my invention and the means by which the same may be effected,
I would have it understood that I do not confine myself to the precise details or
arrangements herein before described as the same may be varied without altering
the principle or nature of the Invention; but what I claim to secure by letters
patent is
1st The general arrangement of the galvanic cell substantially as herein described
especially that of the combination of copper with carbon or plumbago
2nd The employment of a copper element seperated from the positive element
by means of a mixture of oxide of copper plumbago and per-oxide of manganese
or by means of plumbago alone
In witness whereof I the said John R Rogers have set my hand and seal
this 19th day of January One thousand eight hundred and eighty three.
JOHN ROBERTS ROGERS (L.S.)