NEW AND USEFUL MACHINERY FOR MAKING, DRYING, AND URNING BRICKS AND TILES APPLICABLE IN PART TO BAKING POTTERY WARE COMPLETE
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Edward Bland, of the City and County of
St. Louis, in the State of Missouri, and United States of America, Civil
Engineer, for the Ipvention of "NEW AND USEFUL MACHINERY FOR
MAKING, DRYING, AND URNING BRICKS AND TILES APPLICABLE IN PART TO
BAKING POTTERY WARE
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Peter Edward Bland
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 13th November 1867, pursuant to the 9th Section of
the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PETER
EDWARD BLAND, of the City and County of St. Louis, in the State of Missouri,
and United States of America. Civil Engineer, send greeting.
AND USEFUL
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "NEW
MACHINERY FOR MAKING, DRYING, AND BURNING BRICKS AND TILES, APPLICABLE IN
PART TO BAKING POTTERY WARE," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant
unto me. my executors. administrators, and assigns. Her Royal Letters
Patent for the same, and have made solemn Declaration that I am the first
and true Inventor thereof.

page_text: NOW KNOW YF, that I, the said Peter Edward Blaud, do hereby
declare that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and seal,
fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, in and by the following statement:-
The nature of my Invention consists, first, in the novel combination and
arrangement of the several parts of a machine for making bricks and tiles,
wherein the tempered clay is first delivered from any suitable form of pug
mill into moulds placed longitudinally in a horizontal cylinder revolving beneath
it with an intermittent movement, and is thereafter compressed in these
moulds by horizontal plungers operated by means of eccentrics upon the
driving shaft, and finally delivered from said moulds upon a table or cars or
carriages moving under the cylinder by the movement of followers forced out
radially from within said cylinder by means of cains upon a rocking shaft
passing through its axis, the followers being readjusted by pins having a
reciprocating movement obtained by suitable connecting levers from an
eccentric or crank wheel upon the driving shaft so as to act in unison with
the compressing plungers. The faces of the followers within the moulds are
lubricated after the delivery of the bricks therefrom in each revolution of the
cylinder by means of a roller so placed as to bear against them in the revolu-
tion of the cylinder after they have expelled the bricks or tiles from the
moulds and before they are re-adjusted therein. A sanding apparatus sprinkles
the lubricated faces of, the followers with sand before they are pushed back to
form the bottoms of the moulds, this sand being thereafter imparted to the
inner face of the bricks when the clay thereof is forced into the moulds, their
outer faces being sprinkled directly with sand by a second sanding apparatus
arranged above the compressing plungers. The rocking cam shaft and the
cylinder receive vertical adjustment by means of a plate carrying the bearings
for one end of the shaft and supported by means of a pin in a curved slot in
said plate. The mould frames fixed in the cylinder may be removed there-
from to be replaced when worn or broken without change in the cylinder or
its adjustment.
The nature of my Invention consists, secondly, in the combination of an
annular revolving table with a curved kiln partially enclosing the same, the
table and its kiln being so extended as that fresh bricks or tiles placed upon
the table shall in its revolution through the kiln be properly cured and dried
by a current of hot air or of superheated steam preparatory to being burned.
By placing my improved machine immediately over and across said table the
fresh bricks or tiles formed in the machine may be delivered directly thereon
from the moulds.

page_text: And, thirdly, it relates to the construction and operation of a machine to
operate in combination with a revolving kiln table so as to remove the bricks
or tiles therefrom and discharge them upon transfer carriages to convey them
to burning kilns or a stack yard.
To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my Invention I will
proceed to describe the construction and operation of its several parts and
devices, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, in which
Figure 1 is a side elevation of the brick-making machine; Figure 2 a
central vertical section thereof in the line x, x, of Fig. 3: Figure 3 a detached
view of the mould-bearing cylinder in elevation, with its journals partly in
section.
Figure 4 a plan or diagram illustrating, regardless of relative proportions
and measurements, the general arrangement of my improved curved kiln
in combination with its circular annular carrying table revolving through the
same, my brick or tile machine supplying the table, an automatic discharging
machine for delivering the dried bricks or tiles from the table on to transfer
carriages, and a series of kilns for burning the bricks where the curved kiln
is not used for this purpose: Figure 5 an enlarged plan illustrating more in
detail the automatic discharging machine and its combination with the
revolving carrying table and the transfer cars or carriages; Figure 6 a trans-
verse section through the line y, , of Fig. 5; Figure 7 a transverse section
through the line z, z, of Fig. 4; and Figure 8 a detached view of the under
side of a segment or section of the revolving carrying table; similar letters
and numerals indicate like parts in each of the Figures.
In Figure 1 the framework receiving and supporting the operative parts of
the brick and tile making machine are designated by the letters A, A, A', A'.
The longitudinal beams A', A'. support the bearings of the revolving mould-
bearing cylinder B (Fig. 2) and of a suitable driving shaft N. Upon the
top of this framework is placed a pug mill (of any effective description.
This pug mill is provided with a longitudinal discharging aperture in the
bottom thereof equal in length to the mould-bearing cylinder B. and is so
supported as to fit closely against its circumference. The mould-bearing
cylinder B consists of a cylindrical frame or shell, which I prefer to construct
with an inner polygonal section, as illustrated in Fig. 2, having faces equal in
number to the series of moulds to be used in the machine. This cylinder is
ordinarily made a little more than three times as long as the bricks or tiles to
be made therein, and is closed at each end by head plates D, D', Fig. 3, having
central hollow shafts E, E', projecting outwardly therefrom. Across its
circumference longitudinal parallel grooves having a dovetail section are cut

page_text: The
slightly larger in width than the moulds to be used with the machine.
bottom of each groove is flat or plane, and is made parallel to a corresponding
plane surface upon the inner face of the cylinder. The moulds are formed in
open or bottomless metallic frames F, F, Fig. 3, equal in length to the cylinder,
and divided by cross partitions a, a, into divisions each equal to the size of the
bricks or tiles to be manufactured. The sides of the frames are wider at the
base than at the top so as to fit into the dovetailed grooves in the cylinder,
but the interior of each mould is perfectly rectangular. I prefer to place
eight of these moulds frames F about a cylinder, as illustrated in the Drawings.
Within each division of the mould frames are placed platens or followers b,
Figs. 2 and 3, fitting and moving accurately therein, and which are provided
respectively with a central arm or rod c, Fig. 2, projecting therefrom through
a suitable aperture into the interior of the cylinder. These arms c terminate
with small friction wheels or rollers e, and each is of such a length as that
when forced outwardly so far as the roller will permit the attached platen or
follower shall project slightly beyond the outer edges of the mould. The
journal shafts E, E', of the cylinder at either end are bored out centrally to
receive a solid rod or shaft H which passes entirely through the cylinder and
extends out also through and beyond its said journals, as illustrated in Fig. 3.
One end passes also through an embracing collar formed in a plate J, Fig. 3,
secured vertically against the frame of the machine by means of a screw f
passing into the frame through a curved slot cut in the plate (see red lines
Fig. 1). This curved slot permits a vertical adjustment of the shaft H and
with it the cylinder B. The shaft H terminates with a crank arm H,
Fig. 3, connected to the main driving shaft N by means of a pitman rod
pivotted eccentrically to a crank wheel Y2, Fig. 2, upon said driving shaft N so
as to receive thereby a rocking movement. Upon the central rocking shaft
H cams K are secured within the cylinder of such form and in such manner
as that so soon as the rods c of the followers b in the moulds have reached in
the revolution of the cylinder a vertical plane they will in the movement of
the shaft H strike the friction rollers e of said rods c, and thereby force
them outwardly, but will until the proper time for this operation swing
forward clear of said follower rods c, as indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 2.
Compressing plungers or plates G equal in number to the divisions of the
mould frames, and whose plane faces are each equal in size to the openings in
the moulds, are secured upon a sliding bar L moving in horizontal ways h
secured in the framework in front of the machine. These ways are so
located as that the plungers G shall slide freely in a horizontal plane passing
through the axis of the cylinder, and may enter the moulds when they have

page_text: attained this horizontal plane. In the framework supporting the rear of the
machine and in corresponding ways h', h', is also placed a sliding bar M
which is provided with readjusting pins g, g. Fig. 2, to enter each division of
the mould frames and push back the followers b therein after they have been
forced out by the action of the cams K in the revolution of the cylinder and
just before they reach the mouth of the pug mill C. The faces of the followers
bare oiled by means of a roller i, Fig. 2, so placed and arranged as to bear
against them as they project slightly from the moulds after they have acted to
discharge the bricks or tiles therefrom. This oiling roller is kept moistened
by means of an intermediate roller bearing against a third roller dipping
into a reservoir k of oil or lubricating compound placed beneath. The rollers
may be covered with cloth or any fabric or material suitable to retain the oil.
After passing the lubricating rollers the faces of the followers b thus oiled are
next sanded in the revolution of the mould bearing cylinder by means of a fan
shaft m revolving in a cylindrical chamber into which the sand is fed from a
hopper above, and which throws the sand forward against the faces of the
followers across the entire width of the mould-bearing cylinder through a
suitable longitudinal opening in the said fan chamber. A second sanding
apparatus of the same description and operating in the same manner is placed
across the mould-bearing cylinder between the pug mill and the compressing
plungers to sand the outer face of each brick or tile before it is compressed in
the moulds, as illustrated in Fig. 2.
The driving shaft N of the machine may be placed in the framework in
front of the cylinder in the plane of its axis, as illustrated in the Drawings.
Upon this main shaft N are placed eccentrics o, o', centrally between its
bearings, which impart by means of suitable links P, P¹, a reciprocating
sliding movement to the compressing plungers G. Eccentric band wheels V
(see Fig. 2) are also placed near either end of the shaft N to communicate
by means of connecting rods Q and cranks q. Fig. 1. a rocking motion to a
rocking shaft X upon the framework in the rear of the cylinder, and which is
connected by means of the cranks r. r. to the sliding bar M. so as to impart
thereto a reciprocating sliding movement in its ways h', h. Upon the outer
end of the journal shaft E' is keyed a ratchet wheel W, and upon the outer
end of the cam shaft H projecting centrally through the bearing shaft E is
swung loosely an arm S carrying a weighted pawl T pivotted loosely to its inner
side, so as to bear up against the notches formed in the circumference of the
ratchet driving wheel W, as illustrated in Fig. 1. A swinging movement is
imparted to the arm S by means of a pitman pivotted to its lower end, and
also eccentrically to the face of a crank wheel Y upon the end of the driving

page_text: shaft N, as clearly illustrated in Fig. 1 of the Drawings. The number of
notches upon the ratchet driving wheel W of the cylinder corresponds to the
number of mould frames in the cylinder, and the size of the wheel is so pro-
portioned as that in a cylinder carrying eight mould frames, as illustrated, the
cylinder shall turn one-eighth of a revolution at each forward movement of
the weighted pawl T, and remain stationary, while said pawl is drawn back
to engage the next tooth. The eccentrics o, o', and V2, imparting motion
to the compressing plungers G and to the readjusting pins g. are also so
arranged upon the driving shaft N, and the connection of pitman rod H³
with the crank wheel Y2 is so made as that the compressing plungers will be
brought to bear against the clay in the moulds on one side of the cylinder.
the readjusting pins will enter and leave the empty moulds on the other,
and the cams be forced against the follower rods to discharge the bricks or
tiles from the moulds, and then released therefrom during the interval in
which the pawl T is being drawn back, and the cylinder is consequently at
rest. In operation the mould bearing cylinder B receives intermittent
motion from the revolution of the driving shaft N by the reciprocating action
of the pitman U, carrying the weighted pawl T upon the swinging arm S.
Each movement of the pawl T turns the cylinder one-eighth of a revolution.
The adjustment of the driving wheel W of the cylinder with its actuating
pawl T is so made as that during the intervals in which the cylinder remains
stationary one series of moulds shall be immediately under the discharging
aperture of the pug mill C, another in a longitudinal plane in register with
the compressing plungers G, another immediately over the table or car, and
another in register with the readjusting pins g, all as fully illustrated in
Fig. 2 of the Drawings. Whilst the cylinder B is thus momentarily stationary
the upper series of moulds become filled with clay from the inill. The next
two movements of the cylinder will cause these moulds thus charged to pass
under the mouth of the front sanding apparatus (so that the front face of the
clay therein shall be thereby sanded), and into line with the compressing
plungers G moving horizontally, and during the interval of rest at this point;
these plungers by the continuous revolution of the driving shaft are brought
to bear powerfully against the clay in the moulds compressing the same very
firmly therein. By the two following movements of the cylinder the same
moulds filled with the sanded and compressed clay are brought vertically over
the car or rotating table (3) arranged to receive the fresh bricks or tiles
which are at this point discharged from the moulds by the action of the
cams K upon the arms c of the followers b forming the bottoms of the moulds
(said action being produced by the rocking motion of the cam shaft H

page_text: operated by the pitman rod H3 and crank wheel Y2 of the main driving
shaft N), all as illustrated in Fig. 2. So soon as the moulds have thus been
emptied and have passed the vertical plane of the axis of the cylinder the
faces of the followers b thereof projecting very slightly therefrom come in
contact with the oiling or lubricating roller i, which lubricates them so as to
insure an adherence of sand thereto. The cams K are in the meantime
thrown upward by the movement of the shaft H, as indicated by dotted lines,
Fig. 2, to permit the next followers to reach a vertical plane over the car or
table without contact therewith. At the next movement of the cylinder the
faces of the followers are sprinkled with sand in passing over the mouth of
the rear sanding apparatus, and at the next stationary point are forced inward.
by the movement of the readjusting pins g. Thus whilst the cylinder is at
rest one series of moulds are charged, another compressed, bricks or tiles
powerfully compressed are forced out and discharged from another, and the
followers of still another readjusted all simultaneously, and at each movement
of the cylinder the clay in the moulds last filled is sanded on its outer face,
the face of the followers in the moulds last emptied are lubricated, and those
of the next series sanded all at the same time. It will be observed that in
every complete revolution of the cylinder each and all of these movements and
effects are repeated eight times. The fresh made bricks or tiles may be
delivered upon cars or carriages running upon rails laid beneath the cylinder
of the machine. and extending thence to suitable drying and burning
kilns.
In order, however. to obtain a continuous mechanical operation in the
manufacture of the bricks I have invented a circular annular table arranged
to revolve horizontally through a curved kiln enclosing a portion thereof, the
dimensions of the table and its kiln being such as that the fresh bricks and
tiles placed thereon shall during a single revolution of the table be dried. and
where it is desired also burnt and glazed in the kiln.
In the accompanying Drawings 3 designates the circular table: it is best
constructed of metal. iron by preference. cast in segmental sections to be
united together by bolts or clamps. It may be formed with a solid surface
or in openwork, and ordinarily should be at least 500 feet in circumference,
and of a width equal to that of the mould-bearing cylinder B of the brick
machine used in connection therewith, forming in fact an immense flat
metallic ring passing under the cylinder of said brick making machine.
This flat annular table 3 is supported in a horizontal plane by friction rollers
4. 4. Figs. 2, 6. and 7 placed at regular intervals upon standards 5 firmly
secured in suitable foundations. The flanges of these rollers pass into annular

page_text: grooves formed in the under side of the table 3. A rack 35, Fig. 8, is also
formed. or fitted centrally upon its under side to engage the teeth of a pinion
wheel upon a driving shafi 6, Fig. 4, extending across beneath the same over
the carrying table 3 thus arranged to revolve horizontally upon the friction
rollers 4, 4. A kiln or chamber 7 is built so as to enclose about two-thirds
of its circumference. The side walls of the kiln are constructed so as to
fit closely against the inner and outer edges or sides of the annular table
(see Fig. 7), and its top is elevated above the face thereof only so far as to
allow the free passage of the bricks placed thereon under the same; this
curved kiln 7 is closed at either end excepting openings left over the table
barely sufficient to allow the passage of the bricks carried thereby, the bricks
themselves serving to close said openings. Hot air or superheated steam is
introduced into the kiln at one end thereof from a suitable furnace or boiler,
or the waste heat from the burning kilns or furnaces may be thus admitted
by means of suitable conducting flues therefrom, as indicated by dotted lines,
Fig. 4. At the other end of the kiln communication is established with a
chimney or stack 9, Figs. 4 and 7, of such a height as to insure a strong
draft or current of the hot air or steam through the entire length of the kiln.
The hot air may be introduced at the end of the kiln, into which the fresh
bricks pass, as illustrated in Fig. 4, or as may be found preferable at the end
from which the dry bricks pass, so that the fresh bricks shall be first sub-
mitted to the coolest portion of the current. The fresh made bricks to be
dried may be deposited upon the annular carrying table 3 by hand, but I
prefer, as heretofore stated, to place the brick machine B, Fig. 1, over the
table 3 so that the bricks shall be delivered immediately from the machine
on to the table without handling, and my improved brick machine herein-
before described is specially adapted to this end. The device for discharging
the dry bricks from the table as they pass out from the kiln is arranged upon
a carriage 10 mounted upon a suitable truck 11, Fig. 6, or upon wheels
running on a short truck 12, Fig. 5, laid along the table on the inner side
thereof in an arc concentric therewith. A pin 13 actuated by a spiral spring
is fitted to the front end of this carriage to engage with notches or holes
pierced in or through the inner edge or side of the table at regular intervals
each equal to the length of the car which is to receive the bricks. When the
pin 13 is thus engaged with one of these notches the carriage 10 is thereby
closely connected to the table 3 and partakes of its movement.
The outer
end of the pin 13 is provided with a cam surface s, which when the carriage
has been carried forward sufficiently far to have enabled the discharging
device to complete its function strikes and bears against a standard 15 placed

page_text: for the purpose, as illustrated in Fig. 5, and is thereby drawn outwardly so
as to disengage and release the carriage 10 from its connection with the
table 3. A weight 16 is attached to the rear end of the carriage 10 by
means of a cord 17 passing over a pully 18 secured upon a standard behind
the same so as to be lifted and drawn up by the forward movement of the
carriage; this weight serves by its gravitation to pull back the carriage 10
against a stop so soon as it is released from the table 3 (a spring may be
employed for the same purpose). In passing back, the pin 13 is forced by its
spring against the edge or side of the table, against which it presses constantly
until in the movement of the table the next notch is brought into line with it,
when it will instantly enter the same so that the carriage will be thereby again
carried forward as before. Upon the top of this carriage 10 (thus automatically
secured to the revolving table 3 carried forward thereby a certain distance,
released, and returned back to be again carried forward) a plate 14, Fig. 5, is
so placed in suitable ways as to slide freely back and forth across the carriage
in a direction at right angles to an arc of the circumference of the revolving
table 3. Upon this top plate is pivotted horizontally a rectangular frame 19 of
such a width as that when the sliding plate 14 is drawn back to the edge of the
carriage most remote from the table the front bar of the frame will rest upon the
inner edge of the table, as shown in Fig. 4. Cords 20 and 21 are used to obtain
a movement of the sliding plate (as herein-after specified) which passing
respectively over pulleys on either side of the carriage are secured, the one 20
to a standard or other fixed support placed at a proper distance in front. and
the other 21 to a standard or other fixed point in the rear of the carriage.
These cords 20 and 21 are so arranged as that when the carriage is drawn
forward by its engagement with the revolving table away from the rear
standard so as to pull upon the cord 21 and towards the front standard so as to
slacken the cord 20 attached thereto the strain upon the rear cord 21 draws
the sliding plate across the carriage towards the table, but so soon as the
carriage is released and runs back the motion is reversed, the strain upon the
front cord 20 drawing, the sliding plate 14 away from the table. In order to
lift the front bar of the frame 19 clear of the table (see red lines, Fig. 6,)
and of the rows of bricks thereon following those which have just been
pushed off by said bar the frame 19 is pivotted upon the sliding plate 14, by
passing its rear bar through apertures in low standards or ears upon said
olate, and a cam 23 is formed upon the bar between said ears or standards.
A wedge 24 is arranged to slide upon the sliding plate 14 beneath the cam
ace of the rear bar of the frame, and the cords 20 and 21 operating the
liding plate are secured to the front and rear ends of this sliding wedge

page_text: instead of to the sliding plate itself; hence when by the backward movement
of the carriage after its release from the revolving table there is a strain upon
the front cord 20, it first draws back the sliding wedge 24 against the cam 23
of the frame, and thus lifts it before it commences to draw upon the sliding
In the
plate itself to withdraw it and the frame entirely from the table.
reverse movement of the carriage the sliding wedge is drawn back away from
the cam before the frame itself is drawn forward over the table. In order to
receive the dried bricks from the revolving table (3) as they are pushed off
therefrom by the action of the frame 19 actuated by the devices on the
carriage 10 I use cars 25, Figs. 4, 5, and 6, running upon a track 26 which
for a short distance is laid concentrically with the circumference of the table (3)
alongside thereof opposite to the short track 12 upon which the discharging
carriage 10 moves. The cars 25 are so constructed as that their platforms
shall be on a level with the top of the revolving table and shall pass closely
against the same. They coincide in length with the frame 19 and with the
intervals between the notches governing the forward and backward movements
of the discharging carriage 10, this length being determined by the number
of bricks which are to be discharged at a time. These cars 25 are each
provided with spring catches 27 engaging with notches formed at equal
intervals in the outer edge or side of the revolving table 3 coincident with those
in its inner side, so that these cars shall become attached to the table and
carried forward by it on one side simultaneously with the discharging carriage
on the other. The track upon which these transfer cars move is made to
curve outwardly from the revolving table at the point where the forward
movement of the discharging carriage is arrested, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5,
and the car following this curve is thereby disengaged from the table so as to
be readily run forward to the burning kilns. The table 3 may be made to
revolve through the kiln by power from the main shaft driving the brick
machine. Its motion is so regulated in proportion to its circumference and
the degree of heat in the kiln through which it passes as that the bricks or
tiles delivered thereon from the machine as herein-before described shall be
I con-
thoroughly dried in passing from the machine and through the kiln.
template converting a portion of the kiln into a furnace, and burning the
bricks or tiles dried in the first division thereof by passing them in the furnace
division over fires in suitable chambers arranged under the table, the two
divisions being separated by suitable partitions, and the current of flame and
heat from the fires carried forward in the direction of the movement of the
table to the chimneys of the kiln. In such case the need of extra distinct
kilns for burning the bricks (as shown in Fig. 4) would be obviated, and the

page_text: entire process of moulding, drying, and burning the bricks or tiles be effected
over and upon the circular table of the kiln. By increasing the height of the
arch of the kiln over the revolving table the table and kiln may be used for
drying and burning pottery ware of various descriptions. I contemplate the
use of a revolving frame or reel as an equivalent for the sliding frame 19 in
discharging the bricks or tiles from the carrying table (3).
Having thus fully described my Invention in all its parts I claim therein as
new,
more
1. The combination of movable platens or followers b in a mould-bearing
cylinder B revolving about a central rocking shaft H with one or
cams K fixed upon said shaft, all substantially in the manner and for the
purpose herein set forth.
2. The combination of compressing plates or plungers G with a revolving
mould-bearing cylinder B when said compressing plungers have the within-
described reciprocating movements and operate in unison with an intermittent
movement of said cylinder, substantially as and for the purposes herein set
forth.
3. The combination of the re-adjusting pins g or their equivalents with
a revolving mould-bearing cylinder B and radial cam-actuated platens
or followers b in the moulds thereof when said pins g have substantially the
within described reciprocating movements for the purpose herein specified.
4. The combination of a ratchet wheel W or other equivalent device with
the hollow shaft of a mould-bearing cylinder B encircling a central shaft H,
all substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein set forth.
5. The combination of detachable mould frames F with a grooved or suitably
framed revolving mould-beating cylinder B, substantially in the manner and
for the purpose herein set forth.
6. An annular carrying table (3) revolving through and within a
curved kiln (7). substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein set
forth.
7. The automatic connection and disconnection of a discharging carriage (10)
and devices from an annular carrying table (3) by means of a spring actuated
catch or pin, substantially as herein set forth.
8. A sliding or movable plate (14) and frame (19) pivotted thereon so
combined with a carriage (10) connected and disconnected automatically from
an annular carrying table (3) as that the forward movement of said carriage
shall cause said frame (19) to traverse the width of the table, and vice versa,
substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein set forth.
9. The combination of a sliding or movable wedge or cam (24) with a

page_text: sliding plate (14) upon a carriage (10), and fixed cords (20 and 21) operating
the same, and with a frame (19) pivotted horizontally upon said sliding
plate, all substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Edward Bland, set my hand and
seal, this Twenty-fourth day of October, A.D. 1867.
PETER EDWARD BLAND. (L.S.)