Combustion of Animal and Vegetable Matters or Town's Refuse.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Sept., 1886.
Complete Left, 27th June, 1887.
Complete Accepted, 12th Aug., 1887,
Combustion of Animal and Vegetable Matters or Town's Refuse.
I, THOMAS OGDEN of St. James Street Burnley in the County of Lancaster Inn
Keeper, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is the desiccation of Town's Refuse by transmissions
and radiations of heat, and the deodorization of the noxious fumes and vapours evolved
during the process of desiccation.
My Improvements consist of a refuse space or chamber, which is situated
immediately below the fire grate of a furnace, and may be wholly or partially
closed at the sides and open to the fire grate above.
The heated gases evolved from the fuel under combustion upon the grating of the
furnace, are preferably conveyed through suitable flues, around the sides and beneath
the floor of the refuse space or chamber, before passing to the chimney, so as to
impart to the surrounding material (which is of fire clay or like heat absorbing
material) a great amount of heat, which is transmitted to the refuse, together with
continuous-rays of heat emanating from the burning fuel above, to ensure its effectual
desiccation; or an additional fire space may if desired be placed beneath the floor of
the refuse chamber for the like purpose.
The noxious fumes and vapours evaporated during the process of desiccation pass
upwards through the incandescent fire above and along with the heated gases are
conveyed through the heated flues surrounding the refuse space or chamber, whereby
such fumes and vapours are thoroughly deodorized and discharged to the atmosphere
in a pure state.
The refuse matter thus desiccated by the transmission and radiation of heat as above
described may be converted into manure by the admixture of sulphate of lime, or
other ingredients with a view to increase its fertilizing properties; or the dryed or
desiccated matter may serve as fuel, which may from time to time be fed in the
charging hole of the combustion chamber and consumed.
A boiler may be placed over the furnace for the generation of steam.
1
Ca
2
1000

page_text: Combustion of Animal and Vegetable Matters or Town's Refuse.
I, THOMAS OGDEN of St. James Street Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Inn-
keeper do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The object of this invention is the desiccation of Town's Refuse by transmissions
and radiations of heat, and the deodorization of the noxious fumes and vapours evolved
during the process of desiccation.
My Improvements consist of a refuse space or chamber, which is situated
immediately below the fire-grate of a furnace, and wholly or partially closed at the
sides, and open to the fire grate above. The heated gases evolved from the fuel under
combustion upon the grating of the furnace, are preferably conveyed through suitable
flues, around the sides and beneath the floor of the refuse space or chamber, before
passing to the chimney, so as to impart to the surrounding material (which is of fire-
clay or like heat absorbing material) a great amount of heat, which is transmitted to
the refuse, together with the continuous rays of heat emanating from the burning fuel
above to ensure its effectual desiccation. An additional fire space may if desired, be
formed beneath the floor of the refuse chamber, to further assist in the desiccation
of the refuse under treatment.
The noxious fumes and vapours evaporated during the process of desiccation pass
upwards through the incandescent fire above, and along with the heated gases are
conveyed through the heated flues surrounding the refuse space or chamber, whereby
such fumes and vapours are thoroughly deodorized, and discharged to the atmosphere
in a pure state.
The refuse matter thus desiccated by the transmission and radiation of heat, as
above described, may be converted into manure, by the admixture of sulphate of lime,
or other ingredients with a view to increase its fertilizing properties; or the dried or
desiccated matter may serve as fuel, which may, from time to time, be fed in the
charging hole of the combustion chamber and consumed.
A boiler may be placed over the furnace for the generation of steam.
And in order that my invention may be properly understood, and readily carried
into practical operation, I have hereunto attached the accompanying sheets of
drawings marked with figures and letters of reference, the same letters referring to
the same parts in the various views and figures. Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8
represent a furnace oven or kiln, constructed in accordance with my invention.
Fig. 1, sheet 1, is a plan; Fig. 2 a longitudinal section, taken through the line A, A,
Fig.1; Fig. 3 is a side elevation; Fig. 4, sheet 2, is a horizontal section or plan of
the furnace taken through the line B. B. Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is a horizontal section, taken

page_text: through the line C. C. Fig. 3; Fig. 6 is a front view of the furnace; Fig. 7, sheet 3,
is a transverse section taking through the line D. D. Fig. 1; and Fig. 8 is a back
view of the furnace.
The furnace is preferably constructed of brickwork and provided with a boiler a
(seen in Figs. 1, 6, 7 and 8,) to serve as a covering or roof, which will be less
liable to crack and fracture than when formed of brickwork, whilst the heated surface
of the roof is utilized for generating steam, which may be benifically employed for a
variety of useful purposes.
In commencing the process of desiccation, the fuel is placed in the furnace b,
through the doors b', and ignited upon the grate bars 9, seen in Figs. 2, 4, and 7;
whilst the refuse to be desiccated is deposited upon the floor e, in the oven or
chamber d, seen in Figs. 2 and 7.
The heated gases evolved from the fuel under combustion in the furnace b, are
divided by the partition wall c, seen in Figs. 2, 4 and 7, into two currents, one passing
to the left through the opening f, and along the flue h, seen in dotted lines Fig. 2, and
under the floor of the refuse chamber, through a series of channels i, to the other side
of the furnace at n Figs. 3 and 5, from whence it is conveyed along flue h¹, seen in
dotted lines Fig. 3, direct to the chimney. The other current of heated gases passing
to the right of the partition c, enters the opening j, seen in Figs. 3 and 4, to be
conveyed along through flue k, seen in dotted lines Fig. 3, and channels 1, seen in
Fig. 2 to the opposite side of the furnace at o, seen in Fig. 5, and from thence
through flue k¹, seen in Figs. 2 and 5, to the chimney; the course taken by the gases
being indicated on the drawings by arrows.
To support combustion, air is admitted through a series of small holes in the doors m
of the refuse chamber and is caused to take an upward direction towards the fuel
burning on the grating g, through the medium of the guiding shelves m³, seen
in Fig. 2.
A considerable portion of coloric contained in the heated gases circulating through
the side flues and channels, as above described, becomes absorbed in the surrounding
walls and floor of the refuse space or chamber, and is transmitted to the refuse under
treatment.
This transmission of heat, to the refuse, together with the rays of heat poured upon
it from the fuel under combustion upon the grating g, ensures its thorough desiccation;
whilst the noxious fumes and vapours released during the process of desiccation, being
compelled to pass through the incandescent fire upon the grating, and following the
products of combustion through the heated channels and flues, become thoroughly
deodorized and rendered harmless when discharged to the atmosphere.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :
The construction and use of a furnace or furnaces for the desiccation of animal and
vegetable matters or Town's Refuse; and the deodorization of the noxious fumes and
vapours evolved therefrom, substantially as herein described and illustrated.
Dated this 25th day of June 1887.
THOS. RICHMOND,
Agent for the Applicant.