IMPROVEMENTS IN TRUCKS OR WAGONS FOR THE CONVEYANCE OF CATTLE ON RAILWAYS, AND IN APPARATUS OR MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR FEEDING AND WATERING THE CATTLE DURING THE JOURNEY, AND FOR VENTILATING THE TRUCKS OR WAGONS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Reid, of Granton, in the County of
Mid Lothian, North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TRUCKS OR WAGONS FOR THE CONVEYANCE OF CATTLE ON RAILWAYS, AND IN
APPARATUS OR MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR FEEDING AND WATERING THE
CATTLE DURING THE JOURNEY, AND FOR VENTILATING THE TRUCKS OR
WAGONS."
Scaled the 20th April 1869, and dated the 24th October 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Reid at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th October 1868.
I, WILLIAM REID, of Granton, in the County of Mid Lothian, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TRUCKS OR WAGONS FOR THE CONVEYANCE OF CATTLE ON RALLWAYS,
AND IN APPARATUS OR MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR FEEDING AND WATERING
THE CATTLE DURING THE JOURNEY, AND FOR VENTILATING THE TRUCKS OR WAGONS,"
to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to peculiar arrangements, whereby provision is
afforded for keeping cattle supplied with food and water when travelling

page_text: on railways, and consists, firstly, in constructing the wagons or trucks
with troughs running round them, or across the ends, or through
the centre, having by preference an opening on the outer side for the
convenience of supply, such troughs either forming a part of the wagon
itself (and having a plug hole to allow the water to run off when it is
necessary to clean them out), or being capable of removal therefrom
for cleaning or repairs; also in providing the wagons or trucks with
racks for hay and straw, and with fixed or moveable stalls for keeping
the cattle separate when on a journey, and with-louvres or other means
of ventilation. The trucks or wagons are made with doors or openings
at the sides or ends to allow the cattle to enter and come out.
The second part of this Invention consists in errecting at railway
stations, sidings, or other suitable points on a line of railway a set of
supports, posts, or pillars to which are attached either hoisting
gear, or lowering gear, or hooks, by means of which a trough or troughs,
a rack or racks, or other receptacle for food, may be raised to a suffi-
cient height to enablo the animals when in the train to drink or feed
therefrom, the water or food being previously put in the troughs or
racks for that purpose.
The troughs or racks hercin-before mentioned as applicable to the
trucks or wagons are placed at suitable heights to enable the animals
to drink or feed therefrom freely. The ventilating louvres are also
arranged so as to be moveable by means of centre or side rods. The
troughs can be supplied with water by the hose which supply the
engine, or by any other convenient means.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Reid in the Great Scal-Patent Office
on the 22nd April 1869.
⚫ TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
REID, of Granton, in the County of Mid Lothian, North Britain, send 3
greeting.
'WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and-successors,-give- 3

page_text: and grant unto me, the said William Reid, Her special license that
I, the said William Reid, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said William Reid, my exccutors, adminis
trators, or assigus, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRUCKS,
OR WAGONS FOR THE CONVEYANCE OF CATTLE ON RAILWAYS, AND IN APPARATUS
OR MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR FEEDING AND WATERING THE CATTLE DURING
THE JOURNEY AND FOR VENTILATING THE TRUCKS OR WAGONS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Reid, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Reid, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to
say:
My said Invention relates to peculiar arrangements whereby provision
is made for supplying to cattle, sheep, horses, or other animals (hereafter
called cattle) and for keeping them supplied with food and water when
travelling on railways, and consists, firstly, in constructing the
wagons or trucks, or other vehicles, hereafter called wagons, with
troughs running round them, or across the ends, or through the centre,
having by preference an opening on the outer side for the convenience
of supply, such troughs either forming a part of the wagon itself
(and having a plug hole to allow the water to run off when it is
necessary to clean them out), or being capable of removal therefrom
for cleaning or repairs; also in providing the wagons with racks
for hay and straw, and with fixed or moveable stalls for keeping the
cattle separate when on a journey, and with louvres or other means
of ventilation. The wagons are made with doors or openings at the
sides or.ends to allow the cattle to enter and come out. The troughs or

page_text: racks herein-before mentioned as applicable to the wagons are placed at
suitable heights to enable the animals to drink or feed therefrom freely.
The ventilating louvres are also arranged so as to be fixed or moveable
by means of centre or side rods. The troughs can be supplied with
water by the hose which supplies the engine, or by any other convenient
means.
The second part of this Invention consists in crccting at railway
stations, sidings, or other suitable points on a line of railway a set of
supports, posts, or pillars to which are attached either hoisting gear, or
lowering gear, or hooks, by means of which a trough or troughs, a rack
or racks, or other receptacle for food may be raised to a sufficient height
to enable the animals when in the train to drink or feed therefrom, the
water or food being previously put into the troughs or racks for that
purpose.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood, I
shall now proceed more particularly to set forth the system, mode, or
manner in or under which the same is or may be used or practically
carried into effect, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
Under my present Invention, which is an extension of that for which
Letters Patent were granted to me on the 21st day of December,
A.D: 1864, No. 3174, are more especially comprised first and second
class wagons or vehicles for conveying cattle on railways, the third-class
wagon having water and food troughs only, being that which is contained
under my former Letters Patent.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings represents a partial side
elevation and partial longitudinal section of the first-class cattle wagon.
In this improved wagon it is proposed to employ troughs A running
round it, or across the ends, or through or across the centre attached to a
central division or partition B, as shown in the Drawing, the wagon being
made to open either at the sides or at the ends as may be desired. These
troughs are by preference provided with one or more openings on the
outer sides or ends for the convenience of supply, such troughs either
forming part of the wagon itself and having plug holes to allow the
water to run off when it is necessary to clean them out, or being capable
of removal from the wagon for cleaning or repairs. In combination
with these troughs it is further proposed to provide the improved cattle
wagons with racks for hay and straw, suitable openings or spaces being

page_text: provided through which the food is supplied. The interior of the wagon
is provided with partitions or division so as to subdivide it into fixed
or moveable stalls D for keeping the cattle separate when on a journey.
F (Figure 2) is a moveable board for connecting the two under rails
of the stall divisions. These improved wagons are equally suitable for
the transport of horses, sheep, and pigs as for cattle. G, G, are louvres
or ventilators for maintaining a proper ventilation of the wagon. The
improved wagons are provided with doors or openings H, H, at the
sides, or doors may be placed at the ends or at the sides and ends for
the ingress and egress of the cattle. The joining of the stall bars K
should be made flush in order to protect the animals when entering
and leaving from injury. A falling or flap door for separating the
stalls may also sometimes be employed, so that it may fall down when
cattle enter and leave the truck for them to. walk over it. Springs
are provided for the iron top of the door to fix into. Some of the
doors moreover may be constructed so as to act as swing doors. Both
sides of the said wagon are constructed alike. The falling or flap door
between the stalls is shown at A, Figure 3; it is hinged on a bar B and
retained in position by the catches or spring snecks C fixed to the
posts D. It is preferred to construct the first-class wagon with doors L,
which when opened afford access to the racks I and trughs A, so that
both hay, straw, and other food and water may be passed into them. In
place of supplying the water to the troughs A intermittently, water may
be supplied without stopping the train by attaching to the wagons a
water cistern or reservoir. This appliance is shewn at Figure 1, where a
water cistern N is situated between the racks I. To the water cistern
two pipes and cocks O, or one pipe and one swinging cock in the centre
of the end of the top cistern, are fitted, so that by turning the cock or
cocks the troughs may be supplied at any time. At Figure 4 another
form of cistern N is shown; in this case it is made flat and acts as the
central division between the two compartments of the wagon, the
cocks O being inserted into it as shown.
Figure 5 represents in plan the form of trough by preference used in
the first-class wagon; the central division rests on the part marked A,
and the two troughs are here combined in one, so that the water can
flow into all parts of the combined trough at once. The plug holes for
permitting the washing out of any dirt or refuse which may have
collected in the troughs are shown at B.
At Figure 6 is shown in part side elevation and part longitudinal

page_text: section, and at Figure 7 in part end elevation and part transverse section
a second-class cattle wagon constructed in accordance with my said
Invention. In this case the troughs A extend all round the four sides
of the wagon, or are connected with pipes across the ends except at that
part where the doors B are situated. The second-class wagon is also
provided with louvres C, and above the troughs A hanging doors or
flaps Dare suspended from the rods E. The object of these hanging
doors or flaps is twofold; first, to allow access to the troughs for
the supply of water by folding them into the positions indicated by
dotted lines, so that a watering pipe or hose may be introduced when
the train is stopped in its journey on a line of railway; and, secondly,
to shut off the troughs so that the cattle cannot have access to them at
any time when that may be desired. The hanging doors are provided
with bolts which catch into the top edges of the troughs so as to retain
the hanging doors in either of the positions shown. In place of using
fixed troughs, as shown in the Drawings hereunto appended, moveable
troughs may be employed, that is to say, the troughs may be attached
to the framing of the wagon by pivots at the ends, on which they are
capable of revolving through a sufficient angle, so that when in onc
position the cattle may drink or feed therefrom, and when in the reverse
position they are closed up and form part of the side of the wagon.
The second-class wagon may also be constructed with a centre division
as in the first-class wagon herein-before referred to, and in other respects
be similar to it, except that the stalls, hay and straw racks, and cistern
for continuous water supply need not be used. Water does not require
to be carried in the troughs, but to be supplied at stated intervals, which
by preference will be supplied to the troughs from the hose pipe which
supplies the engine with water, of course a water tank can be carried
with the train, from which with a water pipe and cock the troughs can
be supplied with water; but this mode of giving water would not be
so economical as by doing it with the hose which is already erected.
If it is found desirable to water more wagons than one without moving
the train, a gutta percha or india-rubber pipe can be screwed on to the
mouth of the hose pipe to water a train of any number of wagons,
begining with the centre wagons, and using this pipe from the centre,
thus supplying ten or other number of wagons on each side of the hose
proper or gutta percha or india-rubber pipes may be carried along the
whole or part of a train with endless screw joints to supply water to the
different wagons from the tanks mentioned.

page_text: Figure S is a front elevation of an arrangement of watering troughs
not in connection with the trucks or wagons, by means of which railway
companies are enabled to supply water to cattle in the trucks at whatever
part of the line such a supply may be required, the water being supplied
to the cattle by stopping the train opposite the tank and lowering or
raising the trough to the proper level. The tank A is supported upon
the columns B and is filled with water for the supply of the trough C.
The trough C is raised or lowered and guided between the columns B
by means of racks, pinions and handles, as shown, and raised or lowered
by manual labour; or it may be adjusted to suit the height of the cattle
trucks by means of balance weights, chains, and pulleys, or by any other
method whereby it is capable of being raised or lowered."
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in or under which the same is or may be used or practically
carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider
novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me
by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First. The combination in wagons or trucks intended for the con-
veyance of cattle and other animals on railways, of water troughs, water
cisterns, hay racks, and with or without loose or fixed stalls, with
suitable appliances for filling and emptying the troughs, and for ensuring
a proper ventilation of the vehicle, the whole being arranged substantially
and for the purpose herein-before described and illustrated by the
Drawings annexed.
Second. The arrangement shown at Figure 8 for supplying water
to the cattle in the trucks or wagons, substantially as herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Reid, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of April, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-nine.
JAMES MUNRO, Witness.
JOHN DUNCAN, Witness.
WILLIAM REID. (L.S.)