IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING MACHINES
Year: 1884

page_text: I, HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the firm of Herbert and Company, Patent
Agents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of my Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING MACHINES,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This Invention relates to improvements in moulding machines for metal
founders; and is as follows
.
In the Drawings Figure 1 is a view in perspective of improved moulding
machine. Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section of the same. Fig. 3 is a plan
view of a swinging table and attachments. Fig. 4 is a vertical section of a bottom
board. Fig. 5 is a plan view of the cope and supporting lever and mechanism for
opening the flask. Fig. 6 is a plan view of the match-plate and pattern and levers
for operating the same. Fig. 7 is a plan view of the drag-flask and attachments.
Fig. 8 is a plan view and Fig. 9 a vertical view of the mechanism for moving the
table. Figs 10, 11 and 13 are plan views and Figs 12 and 14 are vertical sections
of modifications that may be used on the machine. Figs 15 and 16 are views in
detail, the latter a plan view and the former a vertical section on the line of xx of
the latter. Fig. 17 is a plan view and Figs 18 and 19 vertical sections of
modifications in detail. Fig. 20 is a plan view and Fig. 21 an elevation of a
rapping machine. Fig. 22 is a plan view, and Fig. 24 an elevation of a brushing
and blowing machine. Fig. 23 is a side elevation of a device for placing bottom
boards in the lower sand-carrier. A represents a table revolving with an
intermittent motion and journalled on the column A'.
The table is provided with sand-carriers or box-like depressions A² extending from
the upper surface, to the table downward. These carriers are adapted to receive
removable bottoms a² hereinafter described, and for this purpose are provided
with spring-dogs, a and a¹, the former above and the latter (see Fig. 23) below.
The table shown has four carriers but their number, size and shape may be modified
according to the size of the table and the peculiarities of the work to be performed.
These removable bottoms may be flat boards like the ordinary bottom boards of
[Price 81

page_text: flasks but are preferably made with sides, the inner and upper edges of which
are chamfered down, as shown in Fig. 4. The ends also may have a hole or
depression to engage the fingers, as shown at a' in Fig. 1, and both the bottoms
and sides or either may be perforated to give vent to the mould.
A preferable way of placing these false bottoms in the carrier is shown in
Fig. 23 hereinafter described. With each movement of this tablo A, one of these
sand-carriers provided with a removable bottom, a², supported by the dogs a¹, is
brought under the sand-container A³, when it is filled with sand. As the table
advances, the sand in the carrier is struck off, flush with the top of the table,
by means of the bottom of the container, and at the next station or stopping
place of the table this sand is compressed in a suitable manner and forms the
bottom part of the mould. The container A³ may be so located that it will be
directly over the depression A² when the table is at rest but this arrangement is
not essential. The container A³ is supported in any convenient manner to the
framework or column A¹.
B is also a sand-container for supplying sand to the upper part of the mould
known as the cope.
This container is preferably supported by the frame above and from the
column A', and like the container A, may be supplied with sand in any manner.
C is a swinging table supported by the column D journalled thereon, and provided
with the sand-carrier C₁, which in turn is provided with a swinging bottom E, that
is supported by the arm E¹, that is journalled on the column D. The table C has a
segmental part, c, that has for its centre the centre of the column D. To the
periphery of this segment is attached a rod, strap, or cable, i, leading on the
pulley 6, and attached to the weight I³. The pulley e is supported by the arm E²,
that is a continuation of the lever E¹. To the lever, E, is pivoted the rod f, the
opposite end of which has a pin, hook, or roller engaging the groove in the cam F.
Once in a revolution of the cam F, the rods fand the parts E and E¹ are at the
limits of their travel to the right hand, as shown in Fig. 3.
The turning of the cam F forces the rod f and the parts E and E¹ to the left
hand. Just as the bottom board E comes under the carrier C¹, the arm E' engages
the point c³, by means of which the table C is carried along with the part E until
the carrier C is under the container B, when the carrier C¹ is filled with sand.
Here the parts C and E remain at rest until the part E is again drawn to the right
by the said cam.
The table C, by means of the weight Is moves with the part E until the stop e¹
attached to the table C engages the container B, and forces the table to stop. The
bottom board E continues on until it is withdrawn from under the carrier C¹ as
shown in Fig. 3. By this means, the sand in the container C is dropped into the
top part of the flask that is immediately below it when the table C stops, and the
board E is withdrawn.
The next left hand motion of the board E strikes off the sand in the flask and
retains in the carrier C₁ any surplus sand that there may be after filling the flask.
The lower part of the flask G and the upper part or cope H are shown respectively
in Figs 7 and 5. The former is attached to the column D and drags upon the 4
table A while the latter is attached to and supported by the lever H³. These two
halves of the flask G and H. open simultaneously and in the same direction, and at
the proper time to allow the completed mould to be carried away from the flask by
the turning of the table. The construction of the two parts of the flask and the
mechanism for opening them is the same, and by describing one, the other will also 5
be understood. The flask G has two sides hinged respectively at the corners G¹
and G, and open, as shown in Fig. 7, and these opening sides have respectively the
hook levers, known as snaps g and g¹, pivotally attached and operated by the
cam G³, by means of the connecting levers g², g³, g, and go. When the flask is
closed, these two levers or snaps hook over the corner of the flask, and hold the 5
flask from being opened by a pressure from within. When the rods, actuated by
the cam G³, first draw upon these levers or snaps, g and g', the hook ends are

page_text: drawn back from the engagement with the corner of the flask, after which the
back ends of the levers coming in contact with their respective sides, the levers
cannot be drawn further except by opening the sides of the flask which is done as
shown in Fig. 7.
As soon as the table A has carried away the completed moulds, the action of the
cams G³ and h¹ again close the two parts of the flask.
Gare ears with steadying pins attached, that engage similar ears on the parts H
and I. The part H or the cope, as aforesaid, is supported by the lever H³. This
lever is fulcrumed at h, and the end of the lever passes under the cam h'..
This cam has two inclines pendent from the bottom side that actuate the lever
vertically, and by pressing down the right hand end of the lever, causes the left
hand end, together with the attached cope, to be raised at the proper time for
removing the pattern from the mould, and is again raised when the pattern is
returned to the flask. These snap-flasks, as operated on the machine, may have a
partition board I, shown in Fig. 6, that separates the two parts of the flask, and to
which are attached the patterns i, and is known as a match-plate pattern, and is
similar to those in ordinary use except that it projects beyond the flask for
attachment to the arm I¹.
In case there is more than one pattern in the flask, suitable gates are attached to
the match-plate, connecting the patterns, and one or more holes, as at i', may be
had in the gates to receive the end of the sprue, when it is pressed into the sand to
form the sprue-hole, into which the molten metal is poured.
The match I is attached to the arm I', that is pivoted at 12 to the lever J, that
is fulcrumed at j, and extends under the cam J, and is there actuated vertically by
an incline pendent from the bottom of the cam J. The position and shape of the
said incline is such, that by means of pressing down on the lever J, the match I is
raised at the same time that the cope H is raised, but only half the distance, so
that the board I when raised, is held midway between the two parts of the flask
and free to be removed from between them.
This is accomplished by means of the rod j³, that, when forced to the left hand
by the cam J', turns the lever I', on its pivotal point I2, and swings the match-
plate I out from between the parts of the said flask. The shape and position of
the cam J, and the attached incline below, and the relation of parts is such, that
the match, I, remains in this elevated position outside the flask until after the cope
has been lowered to its position on the drag-flask below; second until the flask has
been opened and the mould carried away on the table; and third, until the moulds
are closed and the cope-flask again raised, after which the match I is swung back
to its position between the parts of the flask, and the match and the cope-flask are
lowered down closing the flask in the proper manner preparatory to making
another mould.
M and N are compressing levers forked at the right hand, and embracing the
frame work, and fulcrumed thereto, as shown in Fig. 1. These levers are preferably
actuated respectively by the toggle-joints M¹ and N', that, in turn, are operated by
the rods m' and n', that are moved to the right and left hand at the proper time
by the respective cams m and n.
When the parts are in the position shown in Fig. 1, and 2, the toggle-joints are
in a straight line and the levers are at their nearest approach to each other.
When by the action of the said cams m and n, and by means of the connecting
rods m³ and n¹, the toggle-joints are thrown to the right hand, the said levers M
and N will be separated some distance further apart than shown in Figs 1 and 2.
Attached to the levers M and N, respectively, are the compressing plates, or
disks M and N. These plates are preferably made detachable and adjustable.
The plate M² is provided with the sprue M³, that may have a screw end above and
be a convenient means of attaching the said plates to the said lever.
The lower end of the sprue passes down through the sand, and into the orifice ¹,
(see Fig. 6) and thus forms an opening in the mould into which the molten metal

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is poured, as aforesaid. More than one sprue may be had when required, and the
sprue or sprues may be located on the plate in such position as may be required.
K is an arm journalled on the column A¹ or on the hub of the table A, and.
connected by the rod %, to the cam ¹, by means of which it is turned forward and
back at the proper time, moving through about a quarter of a circle.
To the end of the arm K is attached the pawl L that is weighted at the short
end so that the long end is always pressed against the bottom of the table A. To
the pawl L is attached the rod 7 bent at right angles near the end, as shown in
Fig. 8. L is a dog similar in shape to the pawl L, but is pivoted to a stationary
support and also engages the bosses a³, but from the opposite direction from the
pawl L.
It will also be seen that the paw! L engages the said bosses on the inner ends,
that is toward the centre of the. table A, while the dog L' engages the bosses on
the outer ends.
The position of these parts is shown in dotted lines in Fig. 8 where the pawl
and dog are shown engaging different hosses, and holding the table from moving in
either direction.
By means of the cam k¹, and the rods k, the arm K is at the proper time moved
to the left. As the pawl L passes the dog L', the bent end of the rod
the dog L', and draws it from its engagement with the bosses. (see Fig. 9.)
engages
The said rod holds the dog L' in this position until after the pawl L has engaged
the boss and has been again.drawn to the right, turning the table with it. When
the pawl L, in its movement to the right, has released the dog L', the latter will
drag along against the table until it encounters the next boss, and just at this time
the movement of the arm K ceases, and the pawl and dog remain in the position
shown in Fig. 8, until another movement of the table is required. O is an upright
shaft provided with the driving pulley O¹, and has attached the cams already
described.
The operation of the device is as follows-Sand is supplied to the containers A³
and B, and bottom boards a² are supplied, in turn, to the carriers A³. These boards
rest at first on the dogs a¹, and the sides of the boards extend up at least to the
sides of the carriers, and thus form a box to hold sand.
The next movement of the table passes the carrier under the container A³, where
it is filled with sand.
The next movement of the table brings the said sand-carriers under the flask
and over the disk N2, or rather between the disks N2 and M³, which, at this time,
are widely separated and out of the way. Next, the upper sand-carrier C¹ comes
forward, and discharges its load of sand into the cope-flask, and retires in the
manner already described. Next, the compressing levers are set in motion. The
disk N2 forces the bottom-board a' up through the carrier A³, to the top of the
table where it is held by the dogs a, and by this means, the sand is packed firmly
up under the match-plate I, and around any portions of the pattern that may be
attached to the lower side thereof. In the meantime and simultaneous therewith
the disk M², armed with the projecting sprue aforesaid, descends upon the sand in
the cope-flask, and presses the sand firmly upon the top of the board I and the
patterns and gates attached thereon.
Next, the compressing levers are spread apart, the two parts of the flask
separated, the match-plate and the patterns are removed, the mould is closed, the
flask opens sideways, and the completed mould, by the next move of the table, is
brought to the front, as shown in Fig. 1, ready to be removed from the machine.
In Fig. 16 is shown a frame and set of bars adapted to be laid on the top of the
sand in the cope, so that when the disk M2 descends, it will press the said bars into
the sand where they will remain and help to hold the sand in place, when the cope
is lifted from the pattern. These bars also, when so desired, may be laid in the
cope before it has received the sand.
In the cross section Fig. 15, B¹ represents an end-piece, and 6 one of the bars
provided with holes to engage the sand and cut away on the bottom in any desired

page_text: shape to avoid contact with the pattern. In Figs. 20 and 21 are shown a rapping
device to rap the match-plate I, and loosen it and the pattern from the sand just
as the cope is about to be raised.
D¹ is a lever, bent as shown, and with a. hammer attached to each end, and
pivoted in the centre of the lever to the arm 11, and so arranged that the hammer
may strike the said levers or the match-plate I.
A pitman & connects with a,wrist on the pinion d¹, as shown.
D is a cam, that, once in a revolution, makes in quick succession a thrust
forward and back with the rod d, on the end of which is a rack engaging the
pinion d³, that may be integral with the gear d, and the two are journalled on
the pin I (Fig. 6) extending" beyond the lever I for the purpose. The gear d'
engages a pinion not shown, attached to and having a common axis with the
gear ds.
The said thrust of the lever d² forward and back, and the attached rack and the
engaging gears causes the gear d¹ to revolve rapidly, and causes the hammers to
give a succession of quick sharp raps just as the cope and pattern are raised. The
cam D' may be placed on the shaft O, but preferably on a counter-shaft. The.
brushing and blowing device, shown in Figs. 22 and 24, may be constructed as
follows. P is a shaft with a crank P¹ at one end, and has attached pulleys P
and P³, the former a driving pulley and the latter connected by a belt with the
pulley on the shaft p'. This shaft, also, has attached the pulley p³ that drives
by belt the pulley p³, attached to the hollow forked spindle Q, to which, in turn,
is attached the brush Q' to one prong, while the other hollow prong, Q², furnishes a
nozzle for the air-blast, that is connected to the hollow spindle by means of the
flexible tube pº.
P' is a swing-frame, journalled on the shaft p', and actuated or swung by means
of a pitman, Ps, attaching it to the crank P₁, as shown. As the pattern is with-
drawn from the mould, it passes under the said brush and nozzle, and by means of
the oscillation of the frame p', every part of the pattern is speedily cleaned of
refuse sand.
Figs. 18 and 19 are modifications of disks that may be used in the place of the
disk M. The operation of these disks is as follows-The portions of the disk,
advanced by means of the springs, by first coming in contact with the sand, press
more or less of the sand sideways, so that the other parts, as the hubs in Fig. 19,
and outer rim in Fig. 18 will have more than their proportion of sand to press,
and consequently the sand under these parts will be pressed harder than other
portions.
As the pressure increases, the advanced portions recede, compressing the said
springs until the whole surface of the disk is in line. Also depressions may be
made on the face of the disk to lessen still more the pressure on any given
point.
Also the corners of the advanced parts may be rounded, that will cause more
sand to be forced laterally into the spaces where the sand requires to be pressed
extremely hard. In Fig. 10 is shown the lever R, that may take the place of the
lever H³, shown in Fig. 5.
The flask is attached to the arm R', that is journailed in the head of the lever R,
so that the flask may be turned to either of the positions shown.
The point extends under the arm R¹, and supports it and the flask; and when
the flask is turned in the position shown in the dotted lines, the point will be
under the arm R¹, and support the flask in that position. In Fig. 11 are shown
patterns connected by proper gates and attached to the arm I', (see Fig. 6) but
without the match-plate to separate the flasks. A core, ³, is provided to fill the
space where the plate extends through the flask for attachment to the said
lever I¹.
In Fig. 12, U is a follow board that is placed over the pattern and lower part
of the, flask, and cut out at u¹, as may be required, to fit over the pattern, and
provided with spring-hooks, that engage holes in the table A, and hold the

page_text: follow-board, so that the sand may be pressed from the bottom without the
counter pressure from above.
The lower compressing disk is timed to operate before the upper disk, so that
the lower part of the mould is first pressed, and afterward the follow board is
removed, and the cope is filled and pressed. In Fig. 13 is shown a manner of
holding flasks by means of the bent arın S.
The inner edge of the arm is brought to an edge and engages lips on the flask,
as shown at the right hand in Fig. 14.
S¹ are eccentrics operated by the rods s, and operated so as to press the flask
against the said arm S.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1st In a moulding machine, the combination with an intermittently rotating
table provided with a series of sand carriers, and a stationary flask, whereby the
sand carriers are brought successively under the sand containers, beneath the flask
for compression of the sand mould, and from beneath the flask after compression,
substantially as described.
2nd In.a moulding machine, the combination with a moulding-table, having one
or more openings through it, of a movable bottom board loosely fitting in each
opening, and adapted to retain sand therein, and devices for forcing each bottom
board and the sand up through each opening and against the under side of a
pattern, substantially as set forth.
3rd In a moulding machine, the combination with the intermittently, rotating
table, and its series of sand-carriers provided with spring retainers, of the bottom
boards a², recessed at their sides, substantially as set forth.
4th In a moulding machine, the combination with an intermittently rotating
table provided with a series of open sand carriers, mechanism for operating said
table, and the lower half flask, of devices for forcing the sand in said carriers up
into the stationary flask, and compressing it against the lower side of the pattern,
substantially as set forth.
5th In a moulding machine, the combination with an intermittently rotating
table provided with a series of open sand carriers, the lower half flask, and the
cope, of devices for forcing the sand in the carriers up into the lower half flask,
devices for filling the cope with sand and devices for simultaneously compressing
the sand in the cope and drag or half flask from above and below, substantially
as set forth.
6th In a moulding machine, the combination with an intermittently rotating
table, provided with a series of sand carriers, of the levers M provided with the
plates M having a sprue or sprues M³, a flask and cope, and connections with
said arms for compressing the mould and at the same time forming a sprue hole
or holes in the cope mould, substantially as set forth..
7th The combination with an intermittently rotating table provided with a series
of sand-carriers, of the arms M N, carrying platens, the rodṣ m², n³, and interposed
toggle-joint, and the cams m and n, mounted upon a vertical rotating shaft,
substantially as described.
8th The combination with an intermittently rotating table having a series of
open sand-carriers, of a swinging sand-carrier provided with a movable bottom, a
flask and cope, and suitablo operative connections for actuating the rotating
table, sand-carriers, and movable bottom, substantially as and for the purposes
set forth.
9th The combination with the swinging table and its carrier, of the bottom
board E, provided with the journalled arm E', as shown, and the rod f, and cam F
substantially as described.
10th The combination with the swinging table, and its sand-carrier, of the
arm E, the arm E' integral with the arm, E, and provided with the pulley e, the
cord 2, and the weight 13, substantially as set forth."

page_text: 11th The cope-flask provided with hinged sides, and the supporting lever for
said flask, in combinations with the connections for raising or lowering said lever
and for opening and closing the flask, substantially as specified.
12th The combination with the lower half flask and cope, and devices for
carrying the same, of the match-plate interposed between said flask and cope, the
oscillating lever for supporting said plate, and the devices arranged to be raised or
lowered automatically, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
13th The combination of the match-plate I, the arm I¹, and the lever J,
substantially as described.
14th The flasks G and H provided with hinged sides, in combination with lever-
snaps provided with suitable actuating mechanism, and adapted to open and close
automatically as required, substantially as described.
15th The combination with the intermittently rotating table A, provided with
stops on its under side, of the oscillating arm K, provided with the pawl L, and
the rod 1, and the dog L¹, substantially as set forth.