Improvements in Steam Cylinders for Compound Engines.
Year: 1886

page_text: Improvements in Steam Cylinders for Compound Engines.
I, JOHN HAILWOOD of 217 Owler Lane, Grimesthorpe, in the county of York,
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to such a combination and arrangement of steam cylinders,
pistons, and steam ports, as will enable high pressure steam to be used expansively
and ecconomically in two cylinders, which are arranged concentrically.
I am aware that cylinders arranged concentrically have been used before, but the
loss of heat from the high pressure cylinder has to some extent prevented them
from becomming a success.
This defect I propose to remady to a great extent by my improved arrangement.
The said improvements in steam cylinders consist as follows.-On the outter or low
pressure cylinder there are cast two sets of steam and exhaust ports, there is also a
seperate steam chest provided for each set of ports.
One set of ports communicate with the outter, or lowpressure cylinder, in the usual
way, and the other set of ports communicate with suitable ports that are cast in each
of the cylinder covers of the outter or low pressure cylinder, and then with the ends
of the inner or high pressure cylinder.
The exhaust post of the high pressure cylinder communicates with the steam chest
of the low pressure cylinder.
The inner or high pressure cylinder has an inner liner, or cylinder, and between
the two there is a space to receive a certain thickness of any of the well known
materials that are nonconductors of heat; by this means the heat of the steam in the
high pressure cylinder will be confined during its action in that cylinder.
Each cylinder has a seperate slide valve, which may be either a piston valve or an
ordinary D valve.
The high pressure piston is one of the ordinary type, but the low pressure piston
is annular shaped, so as to bear against the inside of the low pressure cylinder, and
against the outside of the high pressure cylinder.

page_text: The high and low pressure pistons may be made steam tight against the insides o
each of their respective cylinders by any of the well known methods at present in
use. But to make the low pressure piston steam tight against the outside of the high
pressure cylinder, I use two L shaped rings and a coil spring, much the same in
section as the rings and springs which are extensively used for ordinary pistons; but
the diameters of the rubbing surfaces of the rings are made somewhat smaller than
the diameter of the cylinder on which they work. The diameter of the coil spring is
also made somewhat smaller than the diameters of the rings on which it works; and
the length of the spring when out of its place is longer than the distance between the
insides of the flanges of the rings when they are together.
It will thus be seen that the said rings will be forced in two directions by the
spring, in one direction against the cylinder, and in another direction against the ends
of the piston block.
But I do not confine myself to this method alone, as the rings may be forced
against the cylinder and piston block by small coil springs placed at a distance
from each other round the piston, so as to act against the piston block and the
piston rings.
The high pressure piston is secured to one piston rod, in the usual manner; and
the low pressure piston is secured to two piston rods, one on each side of the high
pressure cylinder, all three piston rods are coupled to one crosshead and thence to
one crank or crank pin.
The action of the steam in the cylinders is as follows.-Steam is first admitted into
the high pressure cylinder, and when the piston has completed its stroke, the steam
escapes through the high pressure exhaust port into the steam chest of the low
pressure cylinder, then it is admitted into the low pressure cylinder, and acts on the
opposite side of the low pressure piston, when, steam being again admitted into the
high pressure cylinder (but on the opposite side to that on which it had preveously
acted) the return stroke of both pistons is commenced, and the opperation is
repeted.
To form what is termed a triple expansion engine, a third and independent cylinder,
is used, in combination with the aforesaid concentric cylinders; the third cylinder
being either alongside of or in line with the concentric cylinders.
The third cylinder would receive the steam from the outter cylinder of the
concentric cylinders.
The aforsaid combinations of cylinders may be used either with or without a
condenser.
Dated this 15th day of Sentember 1886
JOHN HAILWOOD,
Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Steam Cylinders for Compound Engines.
I JOHN HAILWOOD of 217 Owler Lane Grimesthorpe, Sheffield in the County of
York, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
My Invention relates to such a combination and arrangement of steam cylinders,
pistons, and steam ports as will enable high-pressure steam to be used expansively
and ecconomically in two cylinders which are arranged concentrically.
I am aware that cylinders. arranged concentrically have been used before, but the
loss of heat from the highpressure cylinder has to some extent prevented them from
becoming a success. This defect is remaded to a great extent in my improved
arrangement.
The said improvements in steam cylinders consist as follows.
On the outter or lowpressure cylinder there are cast two sets of steam and exhaust
ports, there is also a seperate steam chest provided for each set of ports.
The said steam chests may be either cast on the outter or lowpressure cylinder, or
they may be made seperate and secured by bolts.
The steam chests and ports may be fixed at any angle to each other on the outter
or lowpressure cylinder.
One set of the aforsaid steamports communicates with the outter or lowpressure
cylinder in the usual way, and the other set of steam ports communicates with suitable
ports that are cast in each of the cylinder covers of the outter or lowpressure cylinder
and then with the ends of the inner or highpressure cylinder.
The exhaust port of the highpressure cylinder communicates with the steam chest
of the lowpressure cylinder.
The inner or highpressure cylinder has an inner liner or cylinder and between these
two cylinders there is a space to receive a certain thickness of any of the well known
materials that are nonconductors of heat, by this means the heat of the steam in the
highpressure cylinder will be retained during its action in that cylinder.
The stuffing box for the high pressure piston-rod may be either cast on the inner
liner of the highpressure cylinder, or it may form a loose cover and be secured by
screwed studs.
The outter portion of the highpressure cylinder may be either cast on the low-
pressure cylinder cover, or it may be cast seperate and secured on by bolts.
Each cylinder has a seperate slide valve which may be either a piston valve or an
ordinary D shaped valve.
The highpressure piston is one of the ordinary type, but the lowpressure piston is
annular shaped so as to bear against the inside of the lowpressure cylinder and against
the outside of the highpressure cylinder.

page_text: The high and low pressure pistons may be made steamtight against the insides of
each of their respective cylinders by any of the wellknown methods at present in
use. But to make the lowpressure piston steamtight against the outside of the high-
pressure cylinder I in some cases use two L shaped rings and a coil spring much the
same in section as the rings and springs which are extensively used for ordinary
pistons, the rings are made to grip the highpressure cylinder and to press against the
front and back of the piston block. I also in some cases use plain rings without the
coil spring.
The high pressure piston is secured to one piston-rod in the usual manner, and the
low pressure piston is secured to two piston-rods, one on each side of the high
pressure cylinder, all three piston rods are coupled to one crosshead and thence by a
connecting rod to a crank or crank pin.
The action of the steam in the cylinders is as follows.-Steam is first admitted into
the highpressure cylinder and while the pistons are completing their stroke the steam
escapes through the high pressure exhaust port into the steam chest of the lowpressure
cylinder, then it is admitted into the lowpressure cylinder and acts on the opposite
side of the lowpressure piston, when steam being again admitted into the highpressure
cylinder (but on the opposite side to that on which it had preveiously acted) the return
stroke of both pistons is commenced and the opperation is repeted.
Fig. 1. of the accompanying drawings is a longitudinal section through the high
and low pressure cylinders, steam chests, valves, and steam ports.
Fig. 2. is a transverse section through the high and lowpressure cylinders, steam
chests, valves, and exhaust ports.
Fig. 3. is an end view of the high and lowpressure cylinders steam chests and
stuffing boxes. A is the highpressure cylinder. B is the lowpressure cylinder. C is
the highpressure steam chest containing the slidevalve and steamports of the high-
pressure cylinder. D is the lowpressure steamchest containing the slide valve and
steam ports of the lowpressure cylinder.
F is the communication between the exhaust port of the highpressure cylinder and
the steam chest of the lowpressure cylinder. O is the space to receive the aforsaid
nonconducting material between the highpressure cylinder and its liner. K is the
stuffing box of the highpressure piston rod. T are the stuffing boxes for the low-
pressure piston rods.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is. 1st The combination and arrangement of steam cylinders, ports, steam-
chests, pistons and other parts constructed substantialy as described in the foregoing
specification and as represented by the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 11th day of June 1887.
JOHN HAILWOOD,
Applicant.