Year: 1897

page_text: I, CHARLES ALEXANDER HAMILTON, Engineer, of 12, Artillery Street, Londonderry,.
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to steam, gas, and air engines and it has for its object to
improve their construction.
The distinguishing feature of the invention is that the piston works within a
reciprocating cylinder.
In carrying out the invention I provide a suitable guide casing in which
reciprocates a cylinder having the ends closed in any suitable manner. Packing
rings are provided on the exterior of the cylinder and these packing rings are
preferably so arranged as to divide the annular space between the cylinder and its
casing into three compartments. The end compartments are preferably used for the
supply and exhaust of pressure fluid. Each end of the cylinder is provided with
ports or openings.
Fitted within the cylinder is a piston of any suitable and well known construction
whose piston rod extends out through a stuffing box or gland at one end of the cylinder.
This piston
connected by means of a connecting rod with a short shaft having on
it a disc wheel or double crank. One crank, or pin on the disc, is connected
with the connecting rod aforesaid whilst the other crank, or a second pin on the
disc, is connected by means of a second connecting rod with the end of the cylinder
or with a slide or sliding crosshead connected to the cylinder.
Supply and exhaust valves of any suitable and well known construction are
provided in connection with the cylinder.
Both sets of valves, or the exhaust valves only, may be operated by means of
cams, on a counter shaft driven by gearing from the main shaft, which act upon
valve rods.
The whole arrangement is such that on the admission of live fluid to one end of
the cylinder it forces the piston in one direction and the cylinder in the opposite
direction thereby turning the shaft and, also, on the admission of live fluid to the
opposite end of the cylinder, the motions of the piston and cylinder are reversed,
thereby completing the turning movement of the shaft.
In the case of gas or oil engines double exhaust and supply valves may be arranged
at each end of the cylinder casing, the inlet valves having a spring action whereby
they are automatically closed after each explosion, and the exhaust valves having
also a spring action whereby they are automatically closed after being opened at the
proper times by means of cams on the counter shafts and valve rod connections.
Dated this 23rd day of February 1897.

page_text: I, CHARLES ALEXANDER HAMILTON, Engineer, of 12, Artillery Street, Londonderry,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to steam, gas, oil vapour, and air engines and it has for its
object to improve their construction.
The features of novelty constituting the invention are distinctly pointed out in
the claims at the end of this specification.
In this invention the engine is a double acting one and the piston works within a
reciprocating cylinder. The piston and the cylinder at each stroke move in opposite
directions.
And in order that my said invention may be properly understood I have hereunto
appended an explanatory sheet of drawings, which shows, by way of illustration or
example, a small oil engine constructed in accordance with my invention.
On the drawing:
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of the engine.
Fig. 1 is a detail plan of the crank v¹.
Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation. The section is taken at right angles to that at
Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a detail front view of part of the valve gear.
In carrying out the invention I provide a suitable guide casing a in which
reciprocates a cylinder b. The ends of the cylinder are screwed internally
at c and are closed by means of covers d, d¹, screwed in place. Each cover is
provided with a stuffing box. Passed right through the cylinder is a hollow piston
rode to which the piston f is secured. The ends of the piston rod work through
the stuffiing boxes g, gl, of the covers.
Secured to one end of the piston rod e is a sliding guide block h which works on
the V guides i. Connected to the guide block h, by means of the pin j, is a short
connecting rod whose upper end is fitted on the crank pin of the double crank
of the crank shaft m.
Fitted on the pin of the crank shaft is a second connecting rod n which is longer
than the first and is secured at its lower end to the pin o¹ of a double collar o screwed
or otherwise fitted in the upper end of the cylinder. As will be seen the stuffing
gland of the stuffing box g is lengthened and made to pass through the inner ring o³
of the collar o.
Packing rings p are provided on the exterior of the cylinder and these packing
rings are preferably so arranged, as shown, as to divide the annular space between
the cylinder and its casing into three compartments q, q', q. The end
compartments q¹, 92, are used for the supply and exhaust of the oil gas.
,, are a series of ports cut in the wall of the cylinder. s are a series of circular
ribs made on the exterior of the casing for the purpose of radiating off the heat and
giving a large cooling surface. t is a pipe connection for the oil gas supply. t¹, t¹
are the supply valves. t2, t2, are the exhaust valves. u are the holes for the'
ignition plugs. vis the exhaust tube. v1, v2, are bell cranks for operating the
exhaust valves. w is the valve rod for the bell crank v¹. w¹ (Fig. 3) is the valve rod
for operating the bell crank v². x is a bell crank connected with the rod w, and a¹ is
a bell crank connected with the rod w¹. The bell cranks x, x¹, which are carried
on a shaft y supported in a bearing bracket y¹, have rollers x² on them which

page_text: work against cams z¹, 22, on a countershaft driven by the gear wheels 24, 25,
from the crank shaft. y², y², are bearing brackets for carrying the countershaft 2.
a³ is a pipe which extends from the cover a² at one end of the engine to the
crank box a at the other end of the engine.
are the valve springs.
The supply valves can be operated from a countershaft and cams in the same
manner as the exhaust valves.
The cams for operating all the valves are so arranged as to open them at the
proper times.
The double acting piston and cylinder arrangement can be adapted for driving
engines working with steam, compressed air, oil vapour or other pressure fluid and
the construction can be varied to suit requirements. Supply and exhaust valves of
any suitable and well known construction may be used in connection with the
apparatus and it is to be understood that I make no special claim for nor do I confine
myself to the construction of valves and valve gear shown on the drawing as this
construction is merely given by way of example.
The arrangement of the apparatus is such that on the admission of live fluid
through the ports r at one end of the cylinder 6 it forces the piston f in one direction
and the cylinder 6 in the opposite direction thereby turning the shaft m, and, also
on the admission of live fluid to the opposite end of the cylinder b, the motions of
the piston and cylinder are reversed thereby completing the turning movement of
the shaft m.
When the engine is arranged as a horizontal engine, oil is placed in the crank box
at and serves as a lubricant for both ends of the cylinder. As the engine works, the
oil is drawn through the pipe a³ and so gains access to the end a² of the cylinder.
Some of the oil passes through the piston rod and down through oil holes in piston
head to lubricate inside of cylinder. Both ends of the cylinder being closed up and
connected by the pipe a³ no smell escapes.
The inlet valves t are automatically closed as also are the exhaust valves #2 by
means of the spring t.
The valve gear is so arranged that when the valve t¹ is opened to admit live fluid
to the ports the lower exhaust valve 2 is opened to allow spent fluid to exhaust
through the ports r and the upper valve t² and lower valve are closed. Likewise,
when the lower valve t¹ is opened to supply live fluid to the ports the upper
exhaust valve t2 is opened to allow spent fluid to pass through the ports 1 to the
exhaust tube v whilst the lower valve t2 and the upper valve t¹ are closed.
Instead of using a double crank la disc may be employed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
consider novel and desire to claim is :-
1. In fluid pressure engines the combination of a fixed casing or cylinder, a
reciprocating cylinder fitted in the casing, and a piston fitted within the reciproca-
ting cylinder said reciprocating cylinder having admission and exhaust ports at
each end so as to give a double action on the piston, substantially as herein before set
forth.
2. In fluid pressure engines the combination of a fixed casing, a reciprocating
cylinder fitted in the casing said cylinder having ports at each end, a piston working
within the cylinder and having a piston rod passing right through the cylinder, a
connecting rod attached to the cylinder and a connecting rod attached to the piston
rod, said connecting rods driving a crank shaft or equivalent, substantially as herein-
before set forth.
b
3. In combination, the casing a, the reciprocating cylinder working in the
casing, the piston f working within the cylinder, the piston rod e, the connecting
od k connected to the piston rod, the connecting rod nattached to the cylinder, a
double crank (or disc) driven by the connecting rods, the ports, r¹, in the

page_text: cylinder, the annular spaces q¹, q2, and supply and exhaust ports made in the casing
and communicating with the spaces q', q², all substantially as hereinbefore described
with reference to the drawings annexed.
Dated this 0th day of November 1907
:
H. D. FITZPATRICK.
70, Wellington Street, Glasgow, Agent.