matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR BALES OF COTTON, WOOL, OR OTHER SUB- STANCES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Shortrede at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents; with his Petition, on the 6th
September 1864.
I, ROBERT SHORTREDE, of the Rowans, Lee Road, Blackheath, in the
County of Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR BALES OF COTTON, WOOL, OR OTHER SUB-
STANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in arranging bands of iron or other suitable material
round the ends as well as the sides of bales of cotton, wool, or other
substances.
When the bales have been pressed and are ready for fastening before being
removed from the press, these bands are first placed round the ends of the
bales, and the bands ordinarily used are afterwards placed outside them round
the sides of the bales, and fastened in the usual manner, so that when the
bales are released from the press their elasticity may hold the end bands
firmly through the pressure of the bands round the. sides; and the press in
which the bales are made has recesses left in its ends, in which the end bands
are introduced and adjusted before the side bands are finally fastened.
Great economy is effected in this Invention by the impossibility of the ends
of the bales bursting open, as is frequently the case when they are made in
the ordinary way, and by its use the bales when made can be carried and
shipped when convenient without danger of their ends bursting open. Hitherto
the ends of the bales have been usually sewn. up with pack thread, and, if
fully compressed, are extremely likely to burst open during transportation,

page_text: which has rendered it necessary to press them only partially before trans-
portation, and to complete the pressure on their arrival at the port where they
are to be shipped. By this Invention it is possible to complete the bale at
one operation, and to carry it and ship it at once without danger of the ends
bursting open.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SORTING EGGS, SO AS TO DISTINGUISH THOSE OF DIFFERENT AGES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Field at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th June
1864.
I, HENRY FIELD, of Gloster Terrace, in the County of Middlesex, Gas
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SORTING EGGS, SO AS TO DISTINGUISH
THOSE OF DIFFERENT AGES," to be as follows:-
My Invention is for sorting the good from bad eggs, and for distinguishing
eggs of different ages. It consists of an apparatus formed like a box, having
in the top holes for the reception of eggs; in the front are sight holes. The
inside of the apparatus is painted black, and has a mirror lying at an angle.
When the eggs are put into the holes in the top, with their small ends down-
wards, and the light is allowed to shine upon them, their condition is
distinctly seen through the sight holes, into which I sometimes fit optical
glasses. Around the holes for the reception of the eggs I put elastic material,
such as vulcanized india-rubber.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND COOKING BY GAS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
December 1864. A communication from abroad by François Alphonse
Jacquet, of Reims, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND COOKING BY GAS," to be as
follows:-
My apparatus for heating air consists of a row of gas jets and of a simple
jet set near the end of the row, of a space for storing up the heat, and of a
reflector which disperses and distributes the heat. Slightly modified I use the
apparatus for heating water as well as air and for cooking. I construct my
apparatus as hereafter described. In order that my Invention may be well
understood I proceed to describe it with reference to the accompanying Draw-
ings:-Figure 1 is a front elevation, and Figure 2 a section, of my apparatus for
heating; a, a, is a cylindrical cap; b, a flue, the air passing through which issues
after passing through the pipes c, c, c, c, from the pipe d. The gas supply pipe
is forked beyond the tap r; one of the branches opens into the heating row x,
while the other leads to the lighting jet j; v¹ is the tap on the tube supplying the
lighting jet, and may be constantly open while the tap v on the tube supplying
the heating row is only opened when that row is required for heating; e is a plate
of metal, and fis the reflector formed with a curved surface with facets; it may

page_text: be of any suitable material but by preference of tin; 61, 61, are two similar side
reflectors; h is an apron which hides the row of burners. A plate for the inlet
of air may be placed at k and a similar perforated plate may be placed at / for
the outlet of heated air. Figure 3 is a section shewing the apparatus modi-
fied for heating water as well as for heating air; similar parts are referred to
by similar letters as in Figures 1 and 2; k¹, k¹, are inlet and outlet passages
for water.
For cooking, the apparatus consists of a metal case; it is provided with a
ring burner with several jets, and above it stages of double discs which extend
entirely across the case. The double discs are formed with openings in the
centre of the lower plate of the double disc, and with apertures near the edge
of the upper plate through which the heated air passes, until it finds its exit
through a perforated plate in the top of the case.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS, ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO RAILWAY LAMPS AND LANTERNS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Weir Draper Brown and
Joseph Williams at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 3rd February 1864.
We, JOHN WEIR-DRAPER BROWN, of Moorgate Street, in the City of
London, Surgeon, and JOSEPH WILLIAMS, of the same Place, Merchant, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS
BURNERS, ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO RAILWAY LAMPS AND LANTERNS," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention refers to concentric ring burners for gas, and consists in
providing independent feed pipes to each separate ring, and in the employ-
ment of a tap or regulator in each of such feed pipes, in order that the height
of flame in every ring may be adjusted.
For lamps for railway stations and other similar lamps we provide the
burner with a chimney, which passes through the top of an enamelled or other
convex reflector and opens into an outlet pipe passing through the cover of
the lamp. We prefer to form the case of the lamp octagonal and tapering
towards the base.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SCARF AND NECKTIE RINGS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Eyras Eades at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd January
1864.
I, RICHARD EYRAS EADES, of the City Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Ivory Worker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SCARF AND NECKTIE RINGS," to be as follows:-
My improvements in rings for scarves and neckties consist in the application
of a small piece of elastic for securing them on the tie. For this purpose I
make the ring of the form of a half hoop or other desirable shape of ivory,
metal, or other suitable material and more or less ornamental, across the
diameter and at the back of the article I stretch a piece of elastic, by pre-
ference in the form of a double or loop, this is threaded through the one side,
stretched across, and the double or loop hooped on a small stud or suitable pro-
jection, which holds it securely; a hook or other means of attachment may be
adopted. The elastic material may be arranged in any suitable form, and by
preference with a small tab at the end to take hold of. It is simply necessary
to place this ring or article on the scarf or tie after unlooping the elastic
material on the one side, which is then passed behind the parts of the tie or
scarf and looped on again and so secured.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PICTURE FRAMES AND SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Agnew at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th June
1864.
I, THOMAS AGNEW, junior, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Publisher, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PICTURE FRAMES
AND SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention relates to an improved description of "saw
bench" to be employed for cutting the wood used in the manufacture of
picture frames and similar articles into the required widths and lengths, and
for cutting the ends of such pieces at an angle of 45 degrees to form the corners
or "mitre joints." The improved arrangement of "saw bench" consists in
the use of angle pieces placed at an incline of 45 degrees, and which slide in
grooves or guides formed in the bench. The pieces of wood required to be
reduced to the desired angle are placed against the angle plate, which is
advanced so as to bring the wood against the "circular" or "band" saw,
which forms the end as required, and leaves a smooth surface ready for
glueing and securing together. The shaft driving the saw is also to be made
capable of being raised or lowered, so that the saw may be adjusted to cut
different depths, and the same shaft may be made useful to hold cutters for
cutting moulded surfaces if required.
The second part of the Invention relates to the securing of these "mitre
joints" together, and the means employed for holding the wood whilst the
corners are secured. The apparatus for holding the two pieces and bringing

page_text: the two angles perfectly together consists of two bars supplied with clips to
hold the wood, and moved by screws at right angles to each other, by which
means the joint can be perfectly fitted and glued, and held in the position
until one or more staples, brackets, or binding pins or wires are driven deeply
into the inner side or rebate of the frame, by which means the corners are
firmly held together without the use of nails, which are now driven through
from the outside to the injury of the exterior covering of the frame.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN SLIDING GASALIERS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Day at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th June
1864.
I, JOHN DAY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Brassfounder,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR
IMPROVEMENTS IN SLIDING GASALIERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvement or improvements herein-after
described in constructing the sliding joints of sliding gasaliers, by which
improvement or improvements the sliding tube works with great freedom
in the fixed tube, and the joint continues gas-tight much longer than sliding
joints of the ordinary kind. Sliding joints constructed according to my Inven-
tion have all the advantages of water slides without the danger attending the
use of water slides.
In the ordinary sliding joint the sliding tube works within the fixed
tube. In a sliding joint made according to my Invention the sliding tube
works upon the fixed tube, the packing of the tubes being effected in the
following manner:-On the upper end of the sliding tube is a cylindrical
chamber of somewhat larger diameter than the said sliding tube, and of
two or three inches in length. In the said chamber is a cylinder of com-
pressed cork fixed therein by collars at top and bottom. The fixed tube
passes through a hole in the axis of the said cylinder of cork, the said
fixed tube fitting accurately the said hole and working gas-tight therein, but
owing to the small surface of the tube in contact with the cork it moves with

page_text: very little friction. The cork is saturated with oil or other lubricant. The
bottom of the fixed tube is provided with a flange or check to prevent the
falling of the sliding part of the gasalier in case the chains of the balance
weights break.
Although I prefer to make the packing of a cylinder of cork, yet a
series of leather or felt washers or other packing material may be employed
so as to form a very nearly similar packing. The sliding tube and parts
carried thereby are balanced by weights as in the ordinary water-slide
gasalier.
In some kinds of gasaliers the arrangement of tubes described is reversed,
that is, the tube which I have described as the fixed tube is the moveable
one, and that which I have described as the moveable tube is the fixed one.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR STOCKS, NECK-TIES, AND OTHER PARTS OR ARTICLES OF DRESS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Couchman at the Office-
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd'
March 1864.
I, GEORGE COUCHMAN, Partner in the Firm of Hartley and Couchman, of
Addle Street, in the City of London, Stock and Neck-tie Manufacturers, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS
FOR STOCKS, NECK-TIES, AND OTHER PARTS OR ARTICLES OF DRESS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object more effectual means of fastening or
securing stocks, neck-ties, and other parts or articles of dress in any desired
position or degree of tightness than by the ordinary means employed for
fastening such articles.
My Invention relates more particularly to the means of fastening or:
securing the end or ends of stocks or neck-ties when drawn to the proper.
degree of tightness around the neck of the wearer, so as to prevent its
slipping or becoming loose. For this purpose, to the loop, bow, band, or
knot in the front of a stock or neck-tie (through which the free end or
ends forming part of the stock or neck-tie pass) I apply a retaining point
or points which may form part of a bar similar to a buckle bar or otherwise,.
the point or points being so arranged as to permit the neck band to be
readily drawn to the degree of tightness desired, the point or points.
are then caused to enter the fabric, and thus prevent the withdrawal.of.
the part thus secured until the point or points are withdrawn and held:
back by the band in order to release the parts when it is desired. to remove.-

page_text: or take off the stock or neck-tie. In like manner this kind of fastening
may be readily applied to other parts or articles of dress where a band or
piece of fabric passes through a loop or opening forming part of the article
of dress, a retaining point or points being applied thereto, as previously
described. In place of applying the retaining point or points, as- previously
described, it or they may be applied to the part which is passed or drawn
through the loop or opening.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING ON RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Scarisbrick at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
October 1864.
I, JOHN SCARISBRICK, of Prescot, in the County of Lancaster, Plumber,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING ON RAILWAY TRAINS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to apparatus for signalling between the passengers
and guards on railway trains by day and night. By day the signals consists
of arms or levers capable of being thrown out or raised up from the top or
other part of a railway carriage by a passenger simply by pulling a handle
provided for the purpose in each compartment of a railway carriage. By
night, lamps with coloured glasses are attached to the said arms or levers. In
both cases the object is to attract the attention of the guard or other person
in charge of the train, and to indicate the place where assistance is required.
Wires, chains, cords, or ropes attached to the pull handles, above referred
to, and led, say through the framework of the carriages, connect the pull
handles and the levers or arms; the latter may be placed separately above
every compartment, or together in one framework, the number being equi-
valent to the compartments in the carriage. The essence of my Invention,
however, consists in the use of a catch in connection with the said arms or
levers, so that when one of them is pushed out or raised up from the carriage,
it cannot be pushed back or allowed to fall down by any other than the
in possession of the means of unlocking or pushing back the catch.
person
When an

page_text: arm or lever is being pushed out or raised up, it passes over and compresses
an ordinary spring or other catch secured to. the framework which encloses
the said arms or levers; as soon, however, as the lever or arm has been
extended or raised to its full length or height the catch moves out, and a key,
handle, or other check must be used to push it back or remove it from the
passage, which allows the lever or arm to be laid down close to or in the frame
of the carriage ready for use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CANNONS, MORTARS, OR GUNS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert William Sievier at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
November 1864.
I, ROBERT WILLIAM SIEVIER, of Rochester Road, Camden Town, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CANNONS, MORTARS, OR GUNS," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist, first, in manufacturing the above from sheet
or plate metal, either welded, rivetted, screwed, or soldered into tubes; or
I use a tube drawn or bored out of solid metal; either or all of these modes
of manufacture, or part, may be used in the same cannon, mortar, or gun.
The inside tube or bore of the piece of ordnance, as above enumerated, may
be of any suitable metal, welded, drawn, or bored, and of a strength necessary
according to the size of the gun. This tube must be closed at the breech
end. Over this tube is placed another, which may be made in one or more
pieces; these tubes must not touch each other, but a space must be left
between them in order that a liquid, such as oil or water may be poured
between them, each tube must be closed at the breech end. These tubes are
then sealed at the muzzle ends together by rivets or screws, or made fast by
any other means. A hole is theu made in the outer tubes, enclosing or
surrounding the inner tube, so that such aforesaid liquid may be poured
between and around these tubes; and when such is done, this or these holes
must be carefully plugged or screwed up, in order that the liquid shall not
escape.

page_text: Two tubes only may be used, but in some cases there may be a third or
further tubular covering. The fluid will, of course, expand by the heat
produced by the discharge of powder; therefore I place a small expansion
tube or ball in connection with the gun to allow the expanded fluid liberty.
The gun may be fired by electricity or in the usual way.
In manufacturing pieces of ordnance in the above manner there may be
some difficulty in fastening the trunnions safely to the outer tube, it being
thin for such purpose; I therefore propose to suspend the gun in a sling, and
attach the trunnions to such sling.
In making a solid metal gun, I make the outer casing of sheet metal, and
add one or more other cases, leaving a space around each, into which I pour
liquid metal. This will save the expense in boring and turning guns or
pieces of ordnance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TENTERING OR STRETCHING AND DRYING FABRICS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Jackson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th August
1864.
I, HENRY JACKSON, of Pentonville, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR TENTERING OR STRETCHING AND DRYING FABRICS," to be as
follows:-
In finishing some descriptions of fabrics, such as velvet and other piled
fabrics, tentering or stretching and drying machines as heretofore made could
not be used, because half the rollers in the machines supported the fabric on
the face or plush side, and thus pressed it down and spoiled the finish.
Now the first part of my Invention consists in arranging the rollers
and the tenter chains or bands passing over the same in manner hereafter
described, so that only one and the same side of the fabric comes in contact
with the rollers. I arrange the rollers in sets, in the form of a parallelogram,
one set within the other, and I cause the fabric after passing round an outer
set to pass round a second set, similarly arranged, and so to the last set,
until a sufficient travel has been attained.
I place a stripping apparatus consisting of vanes carried from a shaft
which removes the fabric from the chain or band. I place a separate roller
inside the series before named to carry the chain or band round it, and I
direct it back outside of the series of rollers over one or more guide pulleys
into position-for again receiving goods to be operated upon.

page_text: My Invention further consists in constructing rollers, by which the chains
or bands carrying the tenter hooks, teeth, or clamps can be brought together
or taken out to any width, so as to carry cloths from one inch broad to the
broadest cloths manufactured. My roller consists of a central shaft carrying
arms radiating therefrom; the outer ends of these arms enter spaces in the
tenter chains, and between the arms, but at a lower level, I fill in blocks of
wood or other material for supporting the fabric. By shifting one or both
chains or bands nearer to or further from the centre of the roller, the necessary
width to suit the width of the particular fabric to be operated upon can be
obtained. The chains or bands are kept in their place by guides in the ordi-
nary manner.
The machines may be heated by steam or hot water pipes in or under them,
on thoumiss
IMPROVEMENTS IN ARRANGING APPARATUS FOR REPRESENTING SPECTRAL AND OTHER IMAGES ON A STAGE
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Pepper at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
February 1864.
I, JOHN HENRY PEPPER, of No. 61, Boundary Road, St. John's Wood,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ARRANGING APPARATUS FOR REPRESENTING SPECTRAL
AND OTHER IMAGES ON A STAGE," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in arranging apparatus for
representing spectral and other images on a stage.
These improvements are applicable when there is a lower stage, on which
the actors or other image-producing objects are situated, and the images are
represented as on an upper stage by means of an inclined unsilvered glass
aided by a strong light on the lower stage, and the Invention consists in
combining a convex or concave mirror, or both, with apparatus such as before
used, by which means the images of the actors and other image-producing
objects may be represented on the upper stage of larger or smaller size than
the real actors or objects according as one or other form of mirror is for the
time used for reflecting an image or images to the inclined glass on the
upper stage.
ORNA- MENTATION OF LADIES' LEATHER FANCY BELTS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Brierley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th June
1864.
I, JOHN HENRY BRIERLEY, of Beech Hill Mills, Halifax, in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE ORNA-
MENTATION OF LADIES' LEATHER FANCY BELTS," to be as follows:-
I take a strip of leather, say from 2 to 8 inches wide according to the
width of the belt I wish to produce. I cut away such portions of the two
outer edges of the leather as I find requisite in order to produce the design I
have previously drawn. I then paste or gum the whole of the strip of leather
previously prepared in the manner before described. And taking another
strip of leather of a different colour and narrower than the strip first mentioned,
though of the same length, I place it in the centre of the broader strip of
leather in the same manner that leather or silk stripes have hitherto been
inserted in belts; I then turn the pasted or gumed leather over on the top of
the narrower strip previously mentioned, taking care that the two outer
edges previously cut are so placed in the turning over that the design is true
and perfect.
AN IMPROVE- MENT IN SLIDE VALVES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard David Sanders at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
July 1864.
I, RICHARD DAVID SANDERS, of Hatton, in the County of Warwick, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT IN SLIDE VALVES," to be as follows:-
My improvement consists in a method of inserting metallic or other packing
pieces steam-tight into recesses formed upon the inner surface of the steam
chest cover, or upon a plate introduced into the steam chest, or upon the back
of the valve or plate attached to it, for the purpose of counterbalancing the
pressure of the steam upon the back of the valve. The steam chest cover or
plate has a communication through it with the atmosphere or not, as considered
advisable. Two pieces of metallic or other packing, rectangular or otherwise,
each having one of their surfaces convex, are inserted into the recesses or
flanges with their convex surfaces face to face, and between them is inserted
india-rubber or other suitable packing. A small quantity of steam is admitted
through ports upon the back of these packing pieces, pressing them together
and against the steam chest cover or back of the valve, as the case may be, and
from the convexity of their inner surfaces the packing inserted between them
is pressed out from either side against the projections or flanges forming the
recess, thereby preventing the steam entering upon the back of the valve or
through the communication to the atmosphere. The inner projection or flange
is cast upon the inner surface of the steam chest cover or plate attached

page_text: thereto, and the outer one cast whole and screwed on. In locomotives where
there is so little space the packing pieces are fitted round the outside of the
valve, which then forms as it were the inner flange of the recess, the outer
flange being cast whole and screwed upon the part of the valve working upon
the valve face. As in the former case the packing pieces are pressed out by
the pressure of the steam against a hollow plate inserted into the steam
chest having a communication with the atmosphere.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING CARBONIC ACID GAS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Astley Paston Price at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
December 1864.
I, ASTLEY PASTON PRICE, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Consulting Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING CARBONIC ACID GAS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in effecting the absorption or solution of carbonic
acid gas by means of water either at the ordinary or at a reduced temperature
and at a suitable pressure, such carbonic acid gas being contained in the
gases evolved or generated from or by the combustion of coal, coke, char-
coal, or other carbonaceous materials, or from the combustion of hydrocarbons,
or of carburetted hydrogens, or of carbonio oxide, or from those gases which
are evolved during the calcination, burning, or decomposition of chalk, dolomite,
or other carbonates, and then subjecting the solution of carbonic acid in water,
thus resulting either to an elevation of tempertaure or to the action of a
vacuum either at an elevated or at the ordinary atmospheric temperature in
order to expel and obtain the carbonic acid gas previously absorbed. The
absorption or solution of the carbonic acid gas by the water may be effected by
bringing the carbonic acid gas into contact with the water either in a manner
similar to that which is now employed for the purification of coal gas in what
are known as scrubbers, or by the employment of suitable suction and forcing
pumps or fans, by which the carbonic acid gas may be forced into the water
contained in a suitable vessel and under any desired pressure. The expulsion

page_text: of the carbonice acid gas from its solution in water may be effected by placing
the solution in a vessel capable of being closed and provided with inlet and
exit pipes, and so arranged that the contents may, if required be subjected to
the action of a vacuum, and also that heat may be applied either by direct
application to the exterior or by the introduction or circulation of hot air,
hot water, or steam in the interior, or the expulsion of the carbonic acid gas
from solution may be effected in any well known manner. The collection
and transmission of the carbonic acid gas expelled from its solution in water
in the manner herein-before mentioned may be effected by the employment
of conducting pipes and exhault, and forcing pumps or fans. The carbonic
acid gas thus resulting may be employed direct or may be collected in suitable
receivers or gasometers and may then be employed for useful purposes in
the arts.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WASHING, SCRUBBING, OR CLEASING BUILDINGS, SHOP FRONTS, WINDOWS, CARRIAGES, WATERING GARDENS, PLANTS, AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Carter Stafford Percy at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st August 1864.
I, WILLIAM CARTER STAFFORD PERCY, of the City of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WASHING, SCRUBBING, OR
CLEASING BUILDINGS, SHOP FRONTS, WINDOWS, CARRIAGES, WATERING GARDENS,
PLANTS, AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
I attach to an ordinary brush head one or more perforated pipes, and attach
thereto a hollow tube of any required length to form the stem or stale; to the
other end of the stem or stale I attach a flexible tube extending to the place
from whence I obtain the necessary pressure of water or other fluid to be
forced through the flexible tube and stem or stale to the perforated tube or
tubes, through which perforations the water or fluid passes on to the bristles
of the brush, giving a continuous stream of fresh water, and enabling the
operator by means of the hollow stem or stale to scrub and cleanse the object
to be acted upon.
It will be observed that where the necessary pressure of water can be obtained,
as from elevated reservoirs in waterworks, the apparatus is complete, but
where this is wanting I introduce an apparatus to obtain the necessary
pressure, consisting of a water tank or vessel with a piston fitting its interior
air-tight and a tap or plug at the bottom for the escape of the water or
fluid to the flexible tube, as already described. In order to obtain the neces-

page_text: sary pressure to force the water out of the tank, I fix on the top of it a cross
head with a screw in its centre to act on the piston, the screw being acted
upon by means of a winch handle, by turning of which motion is communicated
to the screw, they being connected by a shaft and worm and worm wheels or
other suitable gearing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR ROLLING AND TWISTING TOBACCO, ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE BOLLING AND TWISTING OF HEMP, FLAX, WOOL, COTTON, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Edward Donovan, Matthew
O'Farrell, and Francis O'Farrell at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 8th October 1864.
We, RICHARD EDWARD DONOVAN, of Court Duffe, at Castleknock, in the
County of Dublin, Ireland, Gentleman, and MATTHEW. O'FARRELL, and FRANCIS
O'FARRELL, both of King Street, in the City and County of Dublin, Tobacco
Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR ROLLING AND TWISTING TOBACCO,
ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE BOLLING AND TWISTING OF HEMP, FLAX, WOOL, COTTON,
AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in an arrangement of two endless travelling belts or
bands placed at an angle to each other and moving in different directions, the
one passing transversely over and in pressing contact with the other in such
a manner that the leaves of tobacco being laid in a continuous layer upon the
lower belt, where it is uncovered, and carried by the same underneath the
upper belt, they are by the agency of the relative motion of the two endless
belts rolled up in a helical manner, either upon themselves alone, or upon
a core of tobacco that is also passed through between the two belts or bands
in the direction in which the rolling up is effected. The two endless belts or
bands are stretched over rollers or drums, to which the requisite motion is
imparted either from a driving pulley or by means of suitable gearing, and
in order to cause the requisite pressure to be exerted between the belts at the
point where they cross each other a series of plates of metal, wood, or other

page_text: suitable material, linked together so as to form an endless chain, is placed at
the back of each of the belts at that particular point, being supported by a
number of rollers placed close together, of which the upper set is made to
exert the requisite pressure upon the belts and plates between it and the
lower set, either by means of their own weight alone, or by means of weights
or springs attached thereto in any suitable manner. In some cases the before-
mentioned plates instead of being formed into separate endless chains, as
described, may be attached to or form part of the endless belts themselves.
The tobacco on passing from between the belts in a rolled up condition, so as
to form a continuous strand or rope, is conducted to a reel, upon which it is
either simply wound up; or a rotary motion is imparted to the reel at right
angles to its axis, so as further to twist the strand or rope of tobacco in
the same direction in which it has been rolled up whilst or before it is wound
upon the said reel. The before-described machine or apparatus may also be
employed for rolling and twisting hemp, flax, wool, cotton, and other fibrous
substances in a similar manner, by spreading such substances in a continuous
layer or roll upon the lower belt, as described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE FOOT LIGHTS OR FLOAT OF THEATRES, CONCERT ROOMS, AND OTHER SIMILAR PLACES, AND IN THE APPURTENANCES THEREOF
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Coleman Defries at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th January
1864.
I, COLEMAN DEFRIES, of the Firm of Jonas Defries and Sons, of Hounds-
ditch, in the City of London, Gas Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE FOOT LIGHTS
OR FLOAT OF THEATRES, CONCERT ROOMS, AND OTHER SIMILAR PLACES, AND IN THE
APPURTENANCES THEREOF," to be as follows:-
The "float" or foot lights placed along the front of the stage) next the
audience, as usually fitted or arranged, is very inefficient for the purpose for
which it is used, the lights jumping, the chimneys allowing the escape of hot
and mephitic air immediately before the performers, and other inconveniences.
I propose to cover the tops of the chimneys the entire length of the "float"
by a dome or roof to be made of fire-clay, talc, or any incandescent material
which will receive all the smoke and hot air, carrying them off by means of
an iron pipe attached to the top of the dome, and passing under the stage till
it reaches a flue constructed at one side of the building. In this flue, and
above the spot where the iron pipe enters it, I intend to place a large gas
burner, which is to be lit up previous to or at the same time as the lights of
the "float;" thus the products of combustion will, by the draught created by
the fire in the flue, be drawn into it through the iron pipe, and carried off alto-
gether. I also propose to place a series of colored glass mediums below and

page_text: in front (as regards the stage) of the float and in its whole length in such
wise that the person having charge of the gas (or the prompter or other
person) can instantaneously place any one of them in front of the float light
at pleasure, thus throwing a red, green, or other shade on the stage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ANILINE COLORS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Phillips at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th July
1864.
I, GEORGE PHILLIPS, of Holborn Hill, in the City of London, Chemist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF ANILINE COLORS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the treatment of aniline and its homologues, or
salts of the same, for the production of lilac and purple colours. In the pre-
paration of these colours I employ protoxide of iron or its salts and arsenic
acid. The proportions of the ingredients may be varied, but I have found by
experiment that a satisfactory result may be obtained by mixing, say 100
parts of aniline with 200 parts of arsenic acid dissolved in water, and adding
to the same 100 parts of protosulphate of iron also dissolved in water. These
are digested by means of heat until intimately combined, and the heat is con-
tinued until a sufficient amount of water is driven off to leave a solid mass.
This mass is then subjected to a higher temperature (say from 350° to 400°
Fahr.) for about four hours, when a dry mass is obtained, from which the
colour may be extracted by means of alcohol or by other well known means,
and afterwards purified in the ordinary manner. Or I take ordinary aniline red
and treat it with protoxide of iron or its salts (the protosulphate by preference).
in the following manner :-I dissolve, say 100 parts of aniline red in water,
and about 300 parts of protosulphate of iron also in water, and digest the two
together by means of heat till they are intimately mixed, and continue the

page_text: heat until the excess of water is driven off and a solid mass obtained which is
to be subjected to a higher temperature (say from 350° to 400° Fahr, as above
stated) for about four hours, leaving a dry mass from which the colour may
be extracted and purified as above mentioned.
The ordinary arsenic acid and protosulphate of iron of commerce may be
employed for the above purposes without the addition of water, although I
prefer to treat them when in solution, as a better result is thereby
obtained.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON HOLLOW WARE, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON PIPES AND OTHER ARTICLES MADE OF IRON
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel John Taylor at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
September 1864.
I, SAMUEL JOHN TAYLOR, of West Bromwich, in the County of Stafford,
Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON HOLLOW WARE, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON PIPES AND OTHER ARTICLES MADE
OF IRON," to be as follows:-
In the ordinary manufacture of iron hollow ware the articles of hollow ware,
such as saucepans, pots, and basins, are made of cast iron, and afterwards
coated inside with tin or with glass or enamel. In order to coat the said
articles with tin, the surfaces to be coated have to be turned in a lathe and
made clean and smooth, and the perfect tinning of the surface is a tedious
operation.
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in the
manufacture of iron hollow ware and other articles, by which improvements
the surface to be coated with tin or with glass or enamel is made of wrought
iron, the said wrought-iron surface being attached to and strengthened by
cast iron, which composes the greater part of the article. I will describe my
Invention with reference to the manufacture of a basin. I form from sheet
iron, by stamping or otherwise, a thin basin of the shape and size of the
interior of the basin to be made. This thin basin I employ as a lining to the
cast iron, of which the greater part of the basin is made. I cast the cast-iron

page_text: part of the basin in the ordinary way, excepting that I place the said sheet-
iron basin or lining in the mould in which the cast-iron basin is to bo cast,
and I cast the cast-iron basin upon the sheet-iron basin in the mould. There
is thus produced a cast-iron basin having a lining of wrought iron, tho said
lining being inseparably attached to the cast iron. The wrought-iron lining
of the basin may be tinned without being turned in a lathe, as it only requires
cleaning with dilute sulphuric acid or other acid employed for cleaning iron,
when it will readily take the coating of tin. The basin made in the manner
described also receives a coating of enamel more readily than if the surface to
be enamelled were made of cast iron.
Besides being applicable to the manufacture of the articles commonly called
hollow ware, such as basins, saucepans, pots, dishes, and other vessels, my
Invention is applicable to the manufacture of pipes, and in general to the
manufacture of other articles made of iron, and which are to be tinned or
enamelled.
My Invention is also applicable to the manufacture of articles of iron which
do not require to be either tinned or enamelled.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARRIAGES EMPLOYED IN BOBBIN NET OR TWIST LACE MACHINES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Berrey and Joseph Litch-
field at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 6th June 1864.
We, GEORGE BERREY, of the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham,
Lace Manufacturer, and JOSEPH LITCHFIELD, of the said Town and County of
the Town of Nottingham, Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARRIAGES EMPLOYED IN
BOBBIN NET OR TWIST LACE MACHINES," to be as follows:-
Heretofore carriages used in bobbin net or twist lace machines having
double locker, single locker, or fluted rollers for the making of Mecklin lace
or plain neck lace, have had a hole or perforation made in the centre of the
top part thereof near the neb of the carriage spring, through which to pass
the thread of silk, cotton, or other material which has been wound on the
bobbin, which revolves in the circle of the carriage. Now, a hole or per-
foration thus placed has been found to have many disadvantages in this
machinery, such as, amongst others, irregularity in the lace produced arising
from undue strength or pressure of the carriage spring on the bobbin when
the bobbin is nearly empty, causing the thread to break and time to be lost,
besides conducing to the waste of material on the bobbins, whereas
according to our Invention we make a hole or perforation in the carriage
at an acute angle, or nearly so, on the left of the neb of the carriage spring,
by which means the bobbin revolves in the carriage more easily and with
greater regularity, while the lace produced is of superior quality to that

page_text: heretofore produced, the liability of the bobbin threads to break is diminished,
if not altogether avoided, and the increased facility thereby afforded for
relieving the bobbin of material wound thereon obviates the waste hitherto so
much complained of.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BOOK-BINDING
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest Louis Nicolas at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th October
1864.
I, ERNEST LOUIS NICOLAS, of No. 26, Rue Fontaine, Saint Georges, Paris,
in the Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BOOK-BINDING," to be as follows, that is
to.say:
My system is very simple; it consists of two triangular rods of hard wood
or metal square edged inside at the back, they are traversed near their extremi-
ties by two copper screws, corresponding to two sockets tapped from one end
to the other in such a manner as to draw, if required, the two rods one against
the other; the whole is adjusted with precision so that the edges of the rods
should perfectly correspond. The proper working of the apparatus depends on
the screws being exactly in their right places. The back of this binding being
wide open, and the whole being set up, any number of sheets are taken,
equalized, and placed in the opening of the rods, and made fast to the back of
the binding, that done, the book is closed and the two front screws are turned
lightly, and the operation is finished. The sheets are bound together, that is
to say, united so as to form the back of a book. I have found by experience
that the maximum number of sheets for a single volume should not exceed
500.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RENDERING USEFUL THE ENCLOSURES OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Armand Lecomte de
Fontainemoreau at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 16th March 1864.-A communication from Mr.
Henry Place, residing at Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, PETER ARMAND LECOMTE DE FONTAINEMOREAU, of the General Patent
Offices, 10, Ruo de la Fidélité, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 4,
South Street, Finsbury, London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RENDERING USEFUL
THE ENCLOSURES OF RAILWAYS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
The Invention communicated to me consists in setting on each side of
railways wooden or metal posts at certain distances apart, and connecting
or uniting them by iron wire or latticework. On the ground of such
enclosures I plant fruit trees or productive creeping plants, the species of
which varies according to the soil, climate, and wants of the country. The
stems and branches of the trees and plants are tied to the wire or latticework
already existing, but in this case they are horizontally connected together
by links or other suitable means of uniting them.
By this Invention such enclosures are rendered productive and when
fully grown present an insurmountable barrier.