IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick William Mowbray, of Bradford, in the
County of York, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WEAVING."
Sealed the 18th August 1857, and dated the 2nd March 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick William Mowbray
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd March 1857.
I, FREDERICK WILLIAM MOWBRAY, of Bradford, in the County of York,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS.
IN WEAVING," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate, First, to means for actuating rotary shuttle boxes.
in such manner that any one of the series of shuttle chambers therein may be
brought into a line with the shuttle race when required, a part or parts of
which are applicable to operate upon sliding shuttle boxes. I effect this by
fixing upon the spindle of the shuttle box a spur wheel, with as many teeth in
it as there are compartments in the box. In connection with this is a series
of cogs or teeth, placed on a surface struck at the same radius as the motion
of the lathe of the loom, each tooth of which is so arranged as to be operated

page_text: upon by jacquard apparatus or other pattern surface, so that one or more of
the cogs or teeth can be brought into contact with the spur wheel, in order
that
any shuttle required may be brought into position for work at pleasure.
The teeth of the toothed surface may be made fixtures, and the whole surface
itself made to go with the batten. When using the jacquard apparatus with
sliding boxes, I use a modification of the levers just referred to in connection
with a series of double catches and levers, in order that any one of the com-
partments may be selected by the jacquard.
Secondly, to a peculiar arrangement or adaptation of. tappets used for tweel
and satin stripes, so that a change from plain to tweel, or plain to satin, or
otherwise, may be effected without stopping the loom, and which tappets are
governed by jacquard or other pattern surface; parts of which improvements
are applicable to looms where no jacquard or pattern surface is used. This I
effect by fixing the required number of the peculiar cams upon a hollow shaft
or tube, so that they may rotate together. Upon this hollow shaft is fixed a
toothed wheel, which contains the requisite number of teeth, and has fixed in
its sides, near to the periphery, suitable projections, which by coming into con-
tact with parts governed by jacquard or other pattern surface, the hollow shaft
is moved, and the tappets changed from tweel to plain, or satin, or otherwise,
at the option of the weaver, such changes being effected by the jacquard or
other like acting pattern surface. When used in connection with revolving
or other shifting shuttle box, where more than one shuttle is employed,
variations in color or material are also obtained. Parts of these im-
provements are also applicable to plain looms, or where no jacquard is
used. In some cases, instead of the ordinary tappet levers, I use levers
with moveable upright tongues, carrying trucks or bowls, so that if any
irregularity in the cams occurs, or they cannot be so placed on the hollow
shaft that the change can be effected on a plane surface, this tongue is caused
to give. way until the cam, or tappet comes to the lowest part, when the
tongue resumes its upright or working position, and works regularly the next
change.
.
Thirdly, the improvements relate to apparatus for effecting the crossing of
the pile threads over the pile wires, when weaving piled fabrics, by the aid of
longitudinal wires, in order to facilitate the change of pile thread, and more
effectually divide the warp and pile threads, and consist in placing at the back
of the combs used for. crossing the pile threads over such longitudinal wires, as
described by me in a former Patent, dated the 21st day of May, 1855, another
set of combs, with their ends extended down through the warp and pile threads,
in order that by traversing the back set of combs a little further than the front

page_text: set, the threads selected by the jacquard or other selecting apparatus may be
passed more safely over the longitudinal wires, and the warp and pile threads
retained in one division.
Fourthly, the improvements relate to methods of weighting the bobbins
carrying the pile warp used in weaving Brussels carpets and other pile fabrics;
and consist, first, in passing a small cord twice round the end of the bobbin,
which has a small groove for that purpose, to the ends of which cord aro
attatched two weights, the one on the drag side heavier than the other. Another
cord is taken from the smaller weight and fastened above it to the cross wires.
of the frame, so that when the thread draws off and raises the heavier weight.
the smaller weight descends until arrested by the cord tied to the wires,
which so cases the bobbin as to cause a smooth continuous drag of the thread.
Another method is to pass a cord, fastened to the cross wire at one end and to
a weight at the other, once over the bobbin, and to have at the front of the
frames a sley to divide each thread; in the front of that a smooth iron rod,
and between this rod and the sley a ring on each thread, either heavy enough
of itself, or with a weight attached to make it as heavy as required.
Fifthly, to a mode of operating the selvage threads to the adjoining selvages
of fabrics woven side by side, and then separated by cutting up between the
fabrics, in order to obtain a good tie in of the weft at such parts. To effect
this, an endless band of chain or other material is used, having a continuous
revolving motion given to it from the crank or tappet shaft, on which band are
fixed in a suitable manner the bobbins for making the selvages.
Sixthly, to a method of governing the movements of healds or heddles.
This is effected by so arranging the levers connected with the healds or
heddles that each heald or beddle has its own independent levers connected
above and below in a parallel manner, and so connected with jacquard appa-
ratus that any of the healds can be lifted and the remainder depressed evenly
and regularly at the same time.
Seventhly, the improvements relate to an adaptation of means for weaving
gauze and other similar fabrics, and consist in substituting for the doup healds
plain healds or jacquard apparatus, operated as follows:-A bar, on which is
fixed the required number of guides, containing one-half of the warp, is
placed at a convenient distance from the lathe, and instead of the doup healds
ordinary healds or jacquard apparatus are fixed. Above the ends of the guides,
and working in them, a set of short combs or guides is placed, to divide the
lower guides regularly. At the back of these short guides a corresponding
set of short guides is placed, so as to insure a better crossing of the threads
selected by jacquard or other apparatus. In making figured or fancy articles

page_text: the healds are arranged to lift the thread to a certain height, so as not to pass
over the tops of the guides which contain half the warp, and the jacquard lifts
to another certain height, to pass its threads over the guides to make the
figure.
Eighthly, the improvements relate to a mode of operating selvage threads
so that their action may be constant. This selvage motion is intended to
dispense with the usual false shafts used for the like purpose, and is effected
by connecting the lingoes to and so as to be operated by the picking appa-
ratus.
Ninthly, the improvements relate to means for effecting the letting off from
the warp beam, and also the taking up on the work roller. This is effected
by having a weight roller of a proper weight suspended in the piece near to
the taking-up beam, and carried by two arms. Upon one of these arms is
fixed suitable apparatus, in connection with a ratchet wheel and catch geared
into the wheel on the work beam, so that when the weight roller rises or falls,
it raises or lowers the catch which takes up work as required. The same
apparatus may be used to let off the warp from the warp beam,
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Frederick William Mowbray in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 2nd September 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
WILLIAM MOWBRAY, of Bradford, in the County of York, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Frederick William Mowbray, Her special licence that I, the said Frederick
William Mowbray, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Frederick William Mowbray, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Frederick William Mowbray, my executors or administrators, by

page_text: an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick William Mowbray, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
The improvements relate, First, to means for actuating rotary shuttle boxes
in such manner that any one of the series of shuttle chambers therein may be
brought into a line with the shuttle race when required, a part or parts of
which are applicable to operate upon sliding shuttle boxes. I effect this by
fixing upon the spindle of the shuttle box a spur wheel, with as many teeth in
it as there are compartments in the box. In connection with this is a series
of cogs or teeth, placed on a surface struck at the same radius as the motion
of the lathe of the loom, cach tooth of which is so arranged as to be operated
upon by jacquard apparatus or other pattern surface, so that one or more of
the cogs or teeth can be brought into contact with the spur wheel, in order
that any shuttle required may be brought into position for work at pleasure.
The teeth of the toothed surface may be made fixtures, and the whole surface
itself made to go with the batten. When using the jacquard apparatus with
sliding boxes, I use a modification of the levers just referred to in connection
with a series of double catches and levers, in order that any one of the com-
partments may be selected by the jacquard.
Secondly, to a peculiar arrangement or adaptation of tappets used for tweel.
and satin stripes, so that a change from plain to tweel, or plain to satin, or
otherwise, may be effected without stopping the loom, and which tappets are
governed by jacquard or other pattern surface, parts of which improvements
are applicable to looms where no jacquard or pattern surface is used. This
I effect by fixing the required number of the peculiar cams upon a hollow
shaft or tube, so that they may rotate together. Upon this hollow shaft
is fixed a toothed wheel, which contains the requisite number of teeth, and
has fixed in its sides, near to the periphery, suitable projections, which by
coming into contact with parts governed by jacquard or other pattern surface,
the hollow shaft is moved, and the tappets changed from tweel to plain, or satin,
or otherwise, at the option of the weaver, such changes being effected by the
jacquard or other like acting pattern surface. When used in connection with
revolving or other shifting shuttle box, where more than one shuttle is

page_text: employed, variations in color or material are also obtained. Parts of these im-
provements are also applicable to plain looms or where no jacquard is used.
In some cases, instead of the ordinary tappet levers, I use levers with move-
able upright tongues, carrying trucks or bowls, so that if any irregularity in
the cams occurs, or they cannot be so placed on the hollow shaft that the
change can be effected on a plano surface, this tongue is caused to give way
until the cam or tappet comes to the lowest part, when the tongue resumes its
upright or working position, and works regularly the next change.
Thirdly, the improvements relate to apparatus for effecting the crossing of
the pile threads over the pile wires, when weaving piled fabrics, by the aid of
longitudinal wires, in order to facilitate the change of pile thread, and more
effectually divide the warp and pile threads; and consist in placing at the
back of the combs used for crossing the pile threads over such longitudinal
wires, as described by me in a former Patent, dated the 21st day of May
1855, another set of combs, with their ends extended down through the warp
and pile threads, in order that by traversing the back set of combs a little
further than the front set, the threads selected by the jacquard or other select-
ing apparatus may be passed more safely over the longitudinal wires, and the
warp and pile threads retained in one division.
Fourthly, the improvements relate to methods of weighting the bobbins
carrying the pile warp used in weaving Brussels carpets and other pile fabrics;
and consist, first, in passing a small cord twice round the end of the bobbin,
which has a small groove for that purpose, to the ends of which cord are
attached two weights, the one on the drag side heavier than the other. Another
cord is taken from the smaller weight and fastened above it to the cross wires
of the frame, so that when the thread draws off and raises the heavier weight,
the smaller weight descends until arrested by the cord tied to the wires, which
so eases the bobbin as to cause a smooth continuous drag of the thread.
Another method is to pass a cord, fastened to the cross wire at one end and
to a weight at the other, once over the bobbin, and to have at the front of the
frames a sley to divide each thread; in the front of that a smooth iron rod,
and between this rod and the sley a ring on each thread, either heavy enough
of itself, or with a weight attached to make it as heavy as required.
Fifthly, to a method of operating the selvage threads to the adjoining
selvages of fabrics woven side by side, and then separated by cutting up
between the fabrics, in order to obtain a good tic in of the weft at such parts.
To effect this, an endless band of chain or other material is used, having a con-
tinuous revolving motion given to it from the crank or tappet shaft, on which
band are fixed in a suitable manner the bobbins for making the selvages.

page_text: Sixthly, to a method of governing the movements of healds or heddles.
This is effected by so arranging the levers connected with the healds or heddles
that each heald or heddle has its own independent levers connected above and
below in a parallel manner, and so connected with jacquard apparatus that
any of the healds can be lifted and the remainder depressed evenly and
regularly at the same time.
Seventhly, the improvements relate to an adaptation of means for weaving
gauze and other similar fabrics, and consist in substituting for the doup healds
plain healds or jacquard apparatus, operated as follows:-A bar, on which is
fixed the required number of guides, containing one-half of the warp, is placed
at a convenient distance from the lathe, and instead of the doup healds
ordinary healds or jacquard apparatus are fixed. Above the ends of the guides,
and working in them, a set of short combs or guides is placed, to divide the
lower guides regularly. At the back of these short guides a corresponding set
of short guides is placed, so as to ensure a better crossing of the threads
selected by jacquard or other apparatus. In making figured or fancy articles,
the healds are arranged to lift the thread to a certain height, so as not to pass
over the tops of the guides which contain half the warp, and the jacquard lifts
to another certain height, to pass its threads over the guides to make the
figure.
Eighthly, the improvements relate to a mode of operating selvage threads
so that their action may be constant. This selvage motion is intended to dis-
pense with the usual false shafts used for the like purpose, and is effected by
connecting the lingoes to and so as to be operated by the picking apparatus.
Ninthly, the improvements relate to means for effecting the letting off from
the warp beam, and also the taking up on the work roller. This is effected
by having a weight roller of a proper weight suspended in the piece near to
the taking-up beam, and carried by two arms. Upon one of these arms is fixed
suitable apparatus, in connection with a ratchet wheel and catch geared into
the wheel on the work beam, so that when the weight roller rises or falls, it
raises or lowers the catch, which takes up work as required.
apparatus may be used to let off the warp from the warp beam.
But that the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner I
same into effect, may be fully understood, I will proceed to describe the
Drawings annexed.
The same
carry
the

page_text: first part
of
my Invention; Figures 3 and 4 show some of the parts separately.
a, a, is the main framing; b, the crank axis; d, one of the swords of the
batten; e, the rotary box, which is shown with six shuttle compartments, and
is similar to what was shown in the Specification of a recent Patent granted to
me (bearing date the 23rd day of June, 1855), and also to what are now much
used, except that in carrying out this part of the improvements the axle of the
shuttle box is fixed to the box in place of to the frame f, and it passes through
the bearing f, formed in that frame f, so as to receive a spur wheel 9, on which
are formed as many teeth as there are shuttle compartments in the box; h, h,
are a series of teeth, which are capable of moving in grooves formed in the
surface i, which, with the points of the teeth h, is struck to a radius corre-
sponding with the motion of the lathe of the loom. These teeth h are each
formed upon the end of a lever h¹, which are capable of moving upon a fixed
axis h², whilst they are each at their other ends h³ connected by a connecting
link to a lever h³. These levers h³ turn upon a fixed axis h°, and at their
other ends are each connected by a link h' to a lever h³; and these levers h
have each a screw pin ho, capable of being operated by the cards passing over
the jacquard barrel ho, whilst they are supported so as to move upon the fixed
pin h; and according to the arrangement shown, when there is no perforation
upon the card operating opposite any of the pins 1º in the levers les, then the
ends h of the levers h¹ will be moved out of the way of the spur wheel g, whilst
those of the levers 78, which by reason of their pins ho passing into perforations
opposite them in the card operating remain down, will leave the levers h' with
their points h to operate on the spur wheel g; and the parts are so arranged
that the selections of teeth h to operate upon the spur wheel g' may take place
just before the batten moves for a beat up. And supposing the change desired
to be only from the first box from the fabric to the next box, then the teeth
No. 1, alone will be in position to act upon the spur wheel g; if to the next
but one, then the teeth hNo.1 and No. 2, will be in position to act, and so on
to No. 5 for the sixth box; but if no
throw of weft, then all the levers h¹ will
motion h², so as to throw their points
And supposing the changes when desired to be effected as stated in the move-
ment of the batten to beat up, then the levers h' will all be operated by the
jacquard so that their points h may be out of the way of the spur wheel gat
cach motion of the batten back from the beat up to the front of the loom, but
this may be varied. The jacquard apparatus shown by these Drawings is such
as shown and described in the Specification of my former Patent before
referred to, but the same may be varied, or the selecting means to the teeth
change is to take place at the next
be caused to turn upon their axis of
out of the way of the spur wheel g.

page_text: may be other suitable pattern surface. Also, in place of the teeth / being
formed independent of each other, they may be fixtures in or form part of a
plate capable of sliding, and operated by a jacquard or other pattern surface,
so as to be in position for one, two, or more of the teeth in such sliding plate
to act upon a wheel 9, to give the required motion thereto only at the timo
desired.
Figure 5 shows the end view of parts of a loom, with a modification of these
improvements adapted to selecting any of a series of compartments of a sliding
shuttle box; Figure 6 shows a plan view of some of the parts separately.
I have shewn four shuttle chambers, No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, formed in
the frame a, which is capable of sliding freely in the frame b, carried by the
batten, but this number may be varied. To the front end of the frame a is
affixed the pin a', which passes through the slot in the upper end of the lever f,
which turns upon a fixed centre of motion f¹, carried by the sword of the
batten, and is acted upon at its lower end by the spring f³, with a tendency to
bear the series of shuttle boxes towards the front of the loom. At the back of
the series of shuttle chambers is fixed another pin, which passes through so as
to slide in a slotted opening formed in the compound sliding bar g, which is
capable of sliding in fixed bearings h, carried by the main framing. To this
compound sliding bar g are attached by pin joints pairs of hooks g', which are
capable of falling into position to be operated as desired by one or other of the
traversing bars i, j, to bring the required shuttle compartment into a line with
the race of the lay. The bars i and j have an alternate traverse from and
towards the front of the loom, and these motions are obtained from the cam
or tappet shaft by means of a cam or tappet & fixed thereon. The cam or
tappet acts upon the truck or bowl at the end of the lever ', which turns
upon a fixed centre of motion is, and at its upper end is, by a link connected
with a projection from the bar i, to give the motion in one direction to that
bar, whilst it is borne in the opposite direction by a spring . The cam or
tappet also acts upon the truck or bowl, carried by the lever, which at
its lower end turns upon a centre of motion j', and at its upper end is con-
nected to the bar j, to move it in one direction, whilst a spring draws it in
the opposite direction. The books g' are attached each to one end of a cord g²,
the other end of which is attached to one end of a lever g³, turning upon a
centre of motion g', whilst the other end of each of these levers is, by a link g³,
connected to a lever g', each of which turns upon a fixed centre of motion g",
and has affixed to it a pin g, to be operated by the cards of the jacquard
apparatus. There are two of the catches g', to correspond with each of three
of the chambers of the shuttle box, and each of these catches is capable of

page_text: taking on to either of the bars i; j. Supposing the compartment No. 1 to have
been in operation, and it is desired to change for the shuttle in the compart-
ment No. 2, then the jacquard or other pattern surface employed will operato
to admit of one of the catches No. 2 being down when one of the bars i or j
is in its frontmost position; and supposing the same shuttle compartment to
be required for the next pick of weft, then the other of the catches No. 2 will
be allowed to be down to be acted upon by the bar j when that is in its front-
most position; but supposing it to be the compartment No. 3 or No. 4, then
one of the catches No. 3 or No. 4, as the case may be, will be allowed to be
down when one of the bars i or j is in the frontmost position, and then the
bars i and in their movement towards the back of the loom will, when the
batten is going backward for the beat up and the throwing of a shuttle, draw
the frame a into position for the compartment desired to be in a line with the
race of the lay.
Figures 7 and 8 show an end and part of a front view of parts of a loom,
with the second head of my improvements applied thereto; Figures 9 and 10
show some of the parts separately. a is the cam or tappet shaft of the loom;
b, b, c, c, d, d, and e, e¹, are tappets for operating the levers f, g, h, and i, in
connection with the healds. These cam or tappet surfaces b, b, c, c, d, d',
and e, c', are affixed upon a hollow axis j, carried by the cam shaft a, and upon
which is also affixed the toothed wheel, receiving the requisite motion from
the crank shaft, as shown, and which is of width suflicient to admit of its
sliding on the axis a without leaving the teeth of the wheel giving motion to
it. On the sides of this wheel are formed the surfaces 1, 2, capable of
being operated upon by the parts and respectively of the lever l, which
turns upon the fixed centre of motion 13. m is a lever, with a pin m', capablo
of being operated upon by the jacquard card or other pattern surface used,
and according to the arrangement shown, supposing there to be no perforation
in the card, when the card barrel rises towards the pin m³, then the lever m
will be raised, raising with it, by means of the connecting rod m², the lever m³,
which turns upon the centre of motion m', to raise the lever at a time when
it will come into the space ³, between the parts k, l, and then in the further
revolution of the wheel k, as the surface comes against the end of the
lever 1, that wheel k, with the hollow axis to which it is fixed, and the tappets
b, b, c, c, d, d, e, e¹, thereon, will be moved to the right, and the tappets b, c, d,
and e, will come into operation to act upon the trucks or bowls f, g, h, i; but
supposing there to be a perforation in the card at its rising opposite the pin m³,
then the lever m and lever m³ will remain down, and the lever will act with
its part upon the wheel, the part 72 having passed into the space k', between
1º

page_text: the parts,, it will, in the further revolution of the wheel k, act against the
part A, and thereby push the wheel k, with the hollow axis to which it is fixed,
and the cams or tappets b, 1, c, c, d, d', and e, e', fixed thereon to the left,
so as to bring the parts b, c, d, and e¹, to act on the trucks of the levers f, g, h,
and i, by which a change in the working of the healds will be effected. It will
be understood, that although only four pairs of tappets are shown, this number
will be varied to the number of healds required.
Figures 11 and 12 show two views of a lever f, g, h, or i, with the bowl
thereof carried by a moveable tongue n, adapted to when from any irregularity.
of the cams or tappets employed the change from one tappet or portion of
tappet to another cannot be readily effected upon a plane surface. This
tongue n is capable of turning upon a centre of motion n', carried by the
lever f, and is held in a central position by the springs ; but if the sliding
of the tappets should take place before the bowl on the tongue n is opposite a
plane surface readily to slide from one tappet or part of tappet to another,
that tongue will be simply moved a little on one side till a plane part of the
cam or tappet comes opposite thereto, when the tongue n will, by the pressure
of one of the springs n³, resume its central position. When no jacquard or
other like acting pattern surface is employed to operate the tube j, it may be
caused to slide as desired by a suitably cut wheel or by a lever handle.
Figures 13 shows some of the working parts of a loom for the manufacture
of pile fabrics by the use of longitudinal wires of the character described
in the Specification of a Patent granted to me, and bearing date the 21st day
of May 1855, with the improvements applied according to the third part of
my present improvements. a are the longitudinal wires; 6 is a bar, carrying
guides b, similar to those shown and described in the Specification of Patent
granted to George Salt, dated the 24th of November 1856; and c is a bar,
carrying instruments d, d, according to my present improvements. A lead of
these instruments is shown separately by Figures 14 and 15, by which the
form in which I prefer to use them will more clearly appear. They are formed
sufficiently long to pass down between and below all the pile and other warp
threads, and thereby keep the pile threads correctly spaced. The bar chas
motion given to it alternately in the directions desired to lay the pile threads
raised over the wires for each fresh crossing, and thereby insure their being
properly laid over the wires a.
Figures 16 and 17 show two views of portion of a frame or creel, with one
of the bobbins therein weighted according to one arrangement under the
fourth part of the improvements. Each of the bobbins a is formed with a
groove a', to receive a cord b. This cord passes round the groove a', and has

page_text: affixed to each end a weight. The weight c, attached to one end thereof, is
heavier than the weight d, attached to the other end, and to the weight d,
one end of another cord e is attached, the other end of which is fastened to
a stationary pin or wire f. When in the drawing off of the yarn from the
bobbin in the direction of the arrow the friction of the cord b causes the
weight c to be raised, the weight & will be depressed till arrested by the corde,
when, by the weight d being removed, and the weight c fully operating, the
cord 6 will slip on its bobbin, whereby a smooth, constant, and easy drag to the
yarn will be obtained.
Another method of obtaining a drag upon the yarn is shewn by Figures 18
and 19. In this case the cord b is attached at one end to the wire c, and
thence passing over the bobbin, as shown, it supports at its other end a weight d.
The yarn passes from its bobbin to between the dents of a sley e, and thence
over a smooth bar f; but between the sley e and the bar fit passes through
a ring 9, either of sufficient weight in itself, or it may be weighted as
required.
Figure 20 shows the section of parts of a loom, with improvements applied
thereto according to the fifth head of the Invention; Figures 21 and 22
show the parts separately constituting the improvements. a is the crank shaft
of the loom, upon which is affixed the stud wheel b, over which passes the
endless chain c, to give motion to the stud wheel d, which rotates upon a
fixed and adjustable stud c, carried by the standard f, from the main framing
of the loom. Upon the axis of the wheel d are also affixed smaller wheels g,
over which, as also over the stud wheels h, pass the endless chains i, which
carry each a pair of bobbins j, j, to supply the selvage threads; and the
motions by these bands or chains are so arranged that the threads from each
pair of bobbins may be separated, so as to open sheds corresponding with
those of the general warp threads, for the passage of the shuttle, and these
threads from the bobbins j, j, are conducted in passing therefrom through
eyes k, k, carried by the chains i, i. One pair of bobbins supplies the selvage
threads of one adjoining selvage, and the other pair of bobbins the selvage
threads to the other adjoining selvage; and by the disposition of the parts as
explained, the threads of each pair of bobbins will be continuously crossing
each other in the same direction, to tie in the warp and prevent its coming
out at the edges when the fabrics are separated by cutting up between
them.
Figure 23 shows a front view,; and Figure 24, an end view of parts of a
Joom, with improvements applied according to the sixth head of the Invention.
a, a, are the healds or heddles, each of which is suspended between the

page_text: levers b, b', and c. The levers b and c are connected by means of the rods
d, d, to levers e, each of which turns upon a fixed centre of motion f, whilst
at its other end it is affixed by pin joint to a lever g, having a hook at each
end capable of catching on to one or other of the levers h or i, which have a
continuous alternate motion given to them in the working of the loom from
the crank shaft, by there being affixed upon that shaft excentrics j, the rod
from one of which is connected to the lever h, and the other to the lever i.
There are springs k to each lever e, acting upon its lever g, with a tendency
to bear its upper hook over the lever h, except when borne in the opposite
direction by the action of the pattern surface employed. is the jacquard
barrel, which is supported in the frame 1', which slides in the guides 1³, carried
by the framing of the loom, and is operated for this to-and-fro motion by
means of the cam 13, upon the cam or tappet shaft, as shown. In each motion
of the card barrel 7 towards the middle of the loom, the unperforated parts of
the cards carried thereby act to push the pins m opposite thereto, and these
pins so selected then at their other ends press upon the levers g opposite
them, to bring the hooks at the lower ends of such levers under and in a
position to be acted upon by the lever i; and in order that the pins m selected
may be held against these levers g a sufficient time during the back move-
ment of the barrel 1, the pins m have each a stud m¹ projecting therefrom,
capable of being acted upon by the sliding stop n, to retain the wires min
position. This sliding stop is operated by means of the cam n', as shown.
By these means some of the healds will be lifted and the others depressed
evenly and regularly at the same time.
Figure 25 shows a section of parts of a loom, sufficient to illustrate the
seventh head of the Invention. One-half or portion of the warp threads,
that is, every alternate warp thread where the guaze weaving is to be produced,
passes through and is guided by the stationary guides a, a lead of which is
shewn separately at Figure 26; but this, however, separately forms no part of
my present improvements. The other warp threads pass through and are
operated by an ordinary heald b, and in order to the threads carried by the
heald b being laid alternately on one and then on the other side of the
threads carried by the guides a, the warp threads carried by the heald b are,
at each rising of them above the ends of the guides a, conducted into tho
spaces between the short guides c, carried by the bar c, which has endway
motion given to it by a cam or tappet alternately in one direction and then in
the opposite, sufficient to guide the threads carried by the heald 6 alternately
over the one and then over the other side of the threads carried by the
guides a, so that in the descent of the heald b, the threads operated thereby

page_text: may be laid alternately on one and then on the other side of the other warp
threads; but to insure the correct action of these guides c, there is another
set of them d, placed behind the guides c, and similarly operated, except that
to these guides d a slightly extra motion is given in each direction, so as to
ensure a better crossing of the selected threads; a lead of these guides c, d, is
shewn separately at Figure 27. In place of ordinary healds being employed
to operate the alternate warp threads,. they may be operated by jacquard
harness. And in making figured or fancy articles, I arrange the healds to
lift the threads to a certain height, so as not to pass over the tops of the
guides which contain the one part of the warp, and the jacquard lifts to
another certain height, to pass its threads over the guides, and produce the
desired figure..
I will now describe the eighth part of the improvements, which is shown
applied at Figures 28 and 29. . The lingoes A, with their eyes for operating
selvage threads, pass over the pulleys B, and are thence connected to the lever
arms of the pulleys C, to each of which there is a band connected to the picker
sticks, so as to be operated by them in their motion, in place of by false shafts,
as is the usual practice. D are springs, or there may be weights to these
lingoes, acting with a tendency to draw them down to form part of the lower
half of the shed; the action of the pickers being to raise them to the line of the
upper half of the shed.
The ninth part of the improvements, so far as relates to effecting the letting
off of warp from the warp beam, is shown applied in the end view of parts of
a loom. Figure 28, a, is the warp beam; b, the warp therefrom; c is a
weight roller resting on these warps, and which will be varied in size to the
weight desired to be put on the yarns. The ends of this roller c are connected
to and so that it may freely rotate in the ends of lever arms d, one of which
turns upon a pin d', carried by each end framing. One of these levers d is, by
means of a rod c, connected to a click or catch f, capable of taking hold of the
teeth of the ratchet wheel g. The catch f turns upon a pin f¹, carried by the
upper end of the lever h, which turns upon an axis of motion h', and carries a
truck or bowl h resting against an excentric h³ fixed to the cam or tappet
shaft i, by which, in the revolution of that shaft i, .a regular to-and-fro motion
will be given to the lever h, to give motion to the ratchet wheel 7 so long as
the catch fis working in the teeth thereof. The ratchet wheel 7 turns upon a
fixed stud g', and. bas affixed upon it a pinion g' (indicated by red lines), which,
by the intermediate wheel g³, gives motion to the pinion gaffixed upon the
axis of the warp roller a, by which a delivering motion will be given to that
roller to deliver yarn; but that motion is continued only whilst the amount of

page_text: 1
yarn taken up by the weaving is equal to that given off, and so soon as the
delivery is in excess of that for the time used, then the weight roller c descends.
and by the link e draws away the click or driver f from the wheel g, by which
the delivery from the warp beam a will cease, till in the using of the warp the
weight c is again raised to the position indicated by the Drawing, to bring the
catch again in gear with the wheel g. The catch f is borne with a tendency
towards the ratchet wheel g a spring and the lever h is borne towards the
excentric h³ by means of a spring k.
This part of the improvements, as adapted, to acting upon the work roller to
take up the work as produced, is shewn applied by the end view, Figure 30, and
the front view, Figure 29. In this case the winding up of the work roller is
effected by the eccentric cam 1, affixed upon the cam or tappet shaft acting
upon the truck or bowl ni of the lever m', which turns upon the fixed pin m³,
and at its upper end carries the click or catch n, for operating upon to give
motion to the ratchet wheel o, which turns upon a fixed stud p, and has affixed
upon it the pinion o¹, which, by means of the intermediate wheel 7 (indicated:
by red lines), gives motion to the pinion r, affixed upon the axis of the work
roller to give a winding-up motion thereto so long as in the working of the
loom the click or catch n is in gear with the ratchet wheel o; but the parts are!
so arranged that the speed of the taking-up motion may be somewhat greater.
than that of production, whilst the slack obtained between the breast beam and
work roller is taken up by a weight roller s, of a weight suitable to the work
being produced; and this roller s is at its ends connected to and so as to
revolve freely in the ends of the lever arms t, which turn on axes of motion t',
and one of these lever arms t is, by means of a connecting rod t2, connected to
the end of the catch n in such manner that so soon as the speed of take-up
is too fast, and the weight roller s is raised, it acts upon the click n to take it
out of connection with the teeth of the wheel o, and the further winding on
ceases till by the descent of the weight s the click or catch n is again brought
in gear with the ratchet wheel o.
$
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
I carry the same into effect, I would have it understood that I'do not confine
myself to the precise details shown and described, as these may be varied with-
out departing from the peculiar character of the improvements; but what I do
claim is, the actuating of rotary shuttle boxes in such manner that any one of
the series may be brought into a line with the lay, in manner substantially: as
explained. Also, I claim the operating upon moveable teeth (or levers acting as
teeth) for operating rotary shuttle boxes, in manner substantially as explained.
Also, I claim the mode of operating sliding shuttle boxes, as explained.
P

page_text: Secondly, I claim the mode of arranging and combining parts for effecting
changes in the working of the cam or tappet surfaces employed for operating
the healds or heldles to effect changes of the pattern or character of the fabric
being produced, as explained.
Thirdly, I claim the adaptation of instruments d for the purpose explained.
Fourthly, I claim the mode of weighting the bobbins carrying the pile
warp, in order to obtain drag to the yarn, as described in respect of Figures
16 and 17. Also, I claim the mode of weighting the bobbins carrying the.
pile warp to obtain drag to the yarn, as described in respect of Figures 18
and 19.
Fifthly, I claim the mode of operating selvage threads, as explained in
respect of Figures 20, 21, and 22.
Sixthly, I claim the mode of arranging and combining parts for operating
the healds, as explained in respect of Figures 23 and 24.
Seventhly, I claim the adaptation of means for the weaving of gauze and
such like fabrics, substantially as described.
Eighthly, I claim the operating the selvage threads by the picking apparatus.
Ninthly, I claim the adaptation and combination of parts for effecting the
letting off of yarn from the warp beam, as explained.
And also, I claim the adaptation and combination of parts for effecting the
taking up of the work on the work beam, as explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick William Mowbray, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Second day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
FRED WN MOWBRAY. (LS.)
WILLIAM BROOKES, Patent Agent,
73, Chancery Lane, London.