Improvements in Kilns.
Year: 1896

page_text: Improvements in Kilns.
I, RUDOLF WITTE, Engineer of Bielefeld in the Province of Westphalia and
Kingdom of Prussia do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The kiln now about to be described, a continuously burning kiln with polygon
horizontal section for burning lime, bricks etc. is distinguished from those of this
kind hitherto known, by the fact that it can be enlarged while the work is going on,
its number of sides being changed.
In consequence of this, since the costs of rebuilding such a kiln are less than those
of building a new one, great advantages are obtained from a pecuniary point of
view, which are still further increased by the kiln in consequence of its construction
utilizing the fuel to the utmost extent.
Figs. 1 to 3 of the annexed drawing represent such a kiln in three different
constructions.
The ground-plan of the kiln is, as already mentioned a polygon viz.: a triangle in
Fig. 1, or as in Fig. 2 and 3 a square or a pentagon. Ground-plans with more than
five sides are quite feasible.
The construction of the kiln is as follows:
e is the lining-wall, behind which there is the room d in which the tiles to be
burned and the combustibles are placed. Towards the interior of the kiln this
room d is separated by a wall from the room c into which the smoke forming during
the combustion of the material contained in d at first enter.
The room c, which is separated from the room d only by the wall, runs without
having any partition, parallel to the same, so that the partition wall must be heated
quite uniformly, and the progress of the fire in the room d, where the tiles are
burned, be considerable facilitated.
From the smoke-collecting room c the gases arrive through openings into the
circular space b, surrounding-the chimney a on all sides. In this space b the smoke
which is already partially mixed in c, get thoroughly mixed, the difference in
temperature is completely equalized and it escapes continuously into the chimney a
the wall of which in consequence is always equally heated, so that a variation of the
chimney-temperature, which is so injurious for the draught and burning of the
fire is completely avoided.
The kilns constructed in this manner are in consequence of the compact corners
very strong and only used a simple roof-construction; moreover when the polygon
form is adopted advantage may be taken of the nature of the ground.
This
As we have already mentioned further back, the kiln possesses the advantage of
being capable of being enlarged by degrees without the work having to cease.
is exemplified in Fig. 1, where a kiln which is being transformed from a three sided
into a larger one with a four-sided section is represented.
This quality gives a great value to the invention, since it is possible for smaller
factories to enlarge their kilns equally with the increase of their output, consequently
upon an increase of orders, without stopping the work for a considerable time or
having to build a second kiln.

page_text: A great advantage is afforded by the kiln by the fact that the chambers in which
the burning of the tiles just takes place,, i.e. in which the combustibles are set on
fire are always opposite to the chambers which are cooling down, i.e. that the
fire is always before or behind a head of the kiln. In consequence of this the heat
cannot radiate back to the burnt out chambers, so that on the one hand a great
saving in fuel is obtained and on the other the combustion is not kept back.
The particles of smoke which are not completely consumed nearly all fall down in
the smoke-mixing space and may be removed by means of holes in the vaulting
independently of the smoke collecting space, which can be shut off the mixing
passage by slides.
1
1000
For RUDOLF WITTE,
Bernh.
Brockhues.
Improvements in Kilns.
I, RUDOLF WITTE, Engineer of Bielefeld in the Province of Westphalia and Kingdom
of Prussia do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
The kiln now about to be described, a continuously burning kiln with polygon
horizontal section for burning lime, bricks etc. is distinguished from those of this
kind hitherto known by the fact that it can be enlarged while the work is going on,
its number of sides being changed.
In consequence of this since the costs of rebuilding such a kiln are less than those
of building a new one, great advantages are obtained from a pecuniary point of
view, which are still further increased by the kiln in consequence of its construction
utilising the fuel to the utmost extent.
Figs. I, II and III on sheet I of the drawing, filed with the provisional
specification represent such a kiln in three different constructions in a horizontal
section and Fig. IV on sheet II of the drawing filed with the complete specification,
represents a sectional vertical elevation of the kiln in a twice as big scale as the
horizontal sections. The latter is intended on line y-y of Fig. IV.
The construction of the kiln is as follows:
e is the lining wall behind which there is the fire-passage d, divided radially in a
certain number of chambers wherein the articles to be burnt are placed.
Towards the interior of the kiln this passage is separated by a wall g from the
smoke collecting passage c into which the smoke forming during the combustion of
the material contained in d at first enter through passages with a vertical
cylindrical part f, the outlet of which can be regulated and shut off by means of
the appliance m with the cone n. In the lining wall e are distributed the charging
and discharging openings p.
The smoke collecting passage c which is separated from the fire-passage only by
the wall g, runs without having any partition, parallelly to the fire passage d, so that,
the partition wall g must be heated quite uniformly, and the progress of the fire in
the fire passage be considerably facilitated.
From the smoke-collecting passage c the gases arrive through openings into a
second space b, the ring-shaped smoke-gase mixing passage surrounding the chimney
a on all sides.
In this passage the smoke-gases which are already partially mixed in care thoroughly
mixed, whereby their differences in temperature are completely equalized and than

page_text: they escape continuously through openings into the chimney a the wall of
which in consequence is always equally heated, so that a variation of the chimney
temperature which is so injurious for the draught and burning of the fire is completely
avoided.
The kilns constructed in this manner are in consequence of the compact corners
very strong and only need a simple roof construction; moreover when the polygon
form is used the may be adapted to the form of the ground and thus on may profit
completely of the libre ground.
As we have already mentioned in the beginning the kiln possesses the advantage
of being capable of being enlarged by degrees without the work having to cease.
This is exemplified in Fig. 1 where a kiln which is being transformed from a three-
sided into a larger one with a four sided section is represented.
This quality gives a great value to the invention, since it is possible for smaller
factories to enlarge their kilns equally with the increase of their output in consequence
upon an increase of orders, without stopping the work for a considerable time or
having to build a second kiln.
The kiln is adapted not only for continuous but also for every other periodical
working two or more fires being used according as needed.
A great advantage is afforded by the kiln by the fact that the chambers which are
in the fire, are always opposite to the chambers which are cooling down i.e. that the
fire is always before or behind a head.
In consequence of this the heat cannot radiate back to the burnt out chambers so
that on the one hand a great saving in fuel is obtained and on the other the
combustion is not kept back.
The particles of smoke which are not completely consumed nearly all fall down in
the gas mixing passage band may be removed by means of poles o in the vaulting
over d independently of the smoke collecting passage, which can be shut off the
mixing-passage by turning slides.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim, is
(1.) The arrangement of the combustion passage d, the smoke collecting passage c
and the partition wall g separating this as two passages, in the form of continuous
rings, running parallelly with the sides of the outer casing of the kiln in such a
manner that changes can be made in the form of the horizontal section of the kiln
for the purpose of enlarging it without having to stop the working of the kiln.
(2.) The arrangement of a continuous smoke-gas mixing passage b surrounding
the chimney on all sides with radial passages i running into the chimney.
Dated this 28th day of April 1897.
For RUDOLF WITTE,
Bernh.
Brockhues.