IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TURNING, BORING, CUTTING, AND SHAPING
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Clark, of Kendal, in the County of West-
moreland, Bobbin Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TURNING, BORING, CUTTING, AND SHAPING
Sealed the 4th May 1869, and dated the 5th November 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th November 1868.
I, JOHN CLARK, of Kendal, in the County of Westmoreland, Bobbin
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TURNING, BORING, CUTTING,
AND SHAPING WOOD FOR BOBBINS AND SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows:—
The first part of this Invention relates to machinery intended
principally for operating upon rough or unprepared wood in any con-
venient lengths, such as branches cut from trees, for cutting or reducing
them into blocks or blank forms of any desirable uniform size and shape,
but the said machinery is also applicable for operating upon prepared
blocks or blank forms of wood to further prepare or reduce them to
shape for bobbins or other articles produced by turning or boring,

page_text: and the improvements consist in a combination and arrangement of
mechanism which is self-acting in its operations. A hollow spindle is
mounted upon a headstock with bearings in which it is capable of
sliding and rotating, or the headstock may slide instead of the spindle.
This spindle carries at one end two or more cutters (and may also carry
a boring bit); I prefer however that another spindle capable of sliding
and also rotating be introduced within the hollow spindle to carry the
boring bit. A slidable collar having inclined slot holes is applied
outside the hollow spindle which acts upon one or more of the cutters
so as to move the cutting edges nearer to or fartlier from the axial
line of the said spindles. These spindles and collar are caused to slide
by means of cam grooves suitably formed and arranged to operate
thereon at proper times. Nipping jaws are also employed which are
opened to recieve the wood to be operated upon by levers actuated by a
cam or eccentric and closed by weight or spring to hold the wood, the
jaws being suitably formed to bite and hold thereon. The wood
may be fed up into the jaws by a pair or pairs of rollers, or by a
reciprocatory trough or other equivalent means capable of pushing
the said wood forward against a stop brought into position at proper
time, which then recedes to allow the cutting tools to operate. Also
a circular saw is employed which is caused to either oscillate upon arms
or slide in bearings by means of cam or eccentric at suitable times for
cutting off the partly formed blocks or blanks. Two or more sets of
spindles and cutting tools may be mounted upon one headstock or
framework with saws suitably arranged and operated simultaneously.
The second part of this Invention relates to machinery or apparatus
in use for finishing bobbins or other articles of wood required to be
uniform in size and shape, in which two slidable cutter heads or
carriages with cutting tools are employed. to slide up to the wood
while in rotation and operate thereon, then recede alternately, and
my improvements thereon consist in the application of a shaft carrying
two. eccentrics or cranks with a connecting rod from each eccentric
or crank to each of the cutter heads respectively, these eccentrics
or cranks being set to operate at the proper times required. Also in
the application of a revolving cam disc to operate upon the slide, so
as to press the blocks or blank forms (which have been previously
prepared) on to and off the mandrill.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Clark in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 5th May 1869.
i
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
CLARK, of Kendal, in the County of Westmoreland, Bobbin Manu-
facturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said John Clark, Her special
licence that I, the said John Clark, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Clark, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
.others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OB APPARATUS POR TURNING, BORING, CUTTING, AND SHAPING WOOD
FOR BOBBINS OR SIMILAR ARTICLES," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said John Clark, my exécutors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Clark, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement and accompanying Sheets of Drawings (that is to
say) :-
―:
This Invention relates to machinery intended principally for operating
upon rough or unprepared wood in any convenient lengths, such as
branches cut from trees or coppice wood, for cutting or reducing them
into blocks or blank forms of any desirable uniform size and shape, but
the said machinery is also applicable for operating upon. prepared

page_text: blocks or blank forms of wood to further prepare or reduce them to
shape for bobbins or other articles produced by turning or boring,
and the improvements consist in a combination and arrangement of
mechanism which is self-acting in its operations. A hollow spindle is `
mounted upon a headstock with bearings in which it is capable of
sliding and rotating, or the headstock may slide instead of the spindle.
This spindle carries at one end two or more cutters (and may also carry
a boring bit); I prefer however that another spindle capable of sliding
and also rotating be introduced within the hollow spindle to carry the
boring bit. A slidable collar having inclined slot holes is applied outside
the hollow spindle which acts upon one or more of the cutters so
as to move the cutting edges nearer to or further from the axial
line of the said spindles. These spindles and collars or the headstock
are caused to slide by means of cam grooves suitably formed and arranged
to operate thercon at proper times. Nipping jaws are also employed
which are opened to receive the wood to be operated upon by levers
actuated by a cam or eccentric, and closed by weight or spring to hold
the wood, the jaws being suitably formed to bite and hold thercon. The
wood may be fed up into the jaws by a pair or pairs of rollers, or by a
reciprocatory trough or other equivalent means capable of pushing the
said wood forward against a stop brought into position at proper time,
which then recedes to allow the cutting tools to operate. Also a
circular saw is employed which is caused to either oscillate upón arms or
slide in bearings by means of cam or eccentric at suitable times for
'cutting off the partly formed blocks or blanks. Two or more sets of
spindles and cutting tools may be mounted upon one headstock or
framework with saws suitably arranged and operated simultaneously.
In order that my Invention may be fully understood I herein give
reference to two accompanying Sheets of Drawings illustrative thereof.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a side clevation of a machine constructed in accordance with
the said Invention for cutting and boring or reducing to shape (blocks
or blank forms for bobbins or similar purposes) unprepared wood, such
as branches of trees or coppice wood; Fig. 2 is a plan view, and Fig. 3
is part of an end elevation of the same. A is the hollow spindle
mounted in bearings of the headstock B, which in this instance is made
to slide on the frame C by means of the cam groove D; fixed on one

page_text: end of this spindle is a face plate E which carries the cutter holders F,
also a bell-mouthed chuck G, and the slidable collar H, which is operated
by a cam groove H', so as to act upon and operate the cutter holders.
I is a spindle carrying the boring bit which is supported in the hollow
spindle and upon a headstock J, also capable of sliding upon the frame C
by the action of a cam groove K to produce the required slide motion
of the spindle; L and M are the nipping jaws for holding the wood N
to be operated upon by the cutters and boring bit; the bottom jaw M is
in form of a V, so that the jaws will always hold the wood centrally
with the spindles. These jaws are fixed respectively upon two upright
slide bars P and Q, which are connected by links p and q to a lever R
hinged upon a stud 1 fixed to the frame. An arm S is fixed on the
bottom of the bar P, and is connected by a link S' to a weighted lever T
which presses the jaws. together, and to this lever is attached a bracket
carrying a friction roller T which is operated upon by a tappet plate or
cam U for lifting or opening the said jaws. W and X are other nipping
jaws for receiving and feeding the wood to the holding jaws. These jaws
are fixed upon slide bars W₁ and X' which are mounted in the brackets
or frames W and X³, capable of sliding on the beds Y. To the bottom
of each slide bar W₁ is fixed a projecting arm Z having fingers a and b,
which depend therefrom and are so arranged as to be operated by one
or more studs c suitably fixed in a tappet plate d, and on this plate is
also fixed a tappet e which operates upon the arm Z and lifts the slide
bars W', which being connected by links and levers f, g, h, to the slide
bars X' are opened to receive the wood, and whilst the tappet e holds
open the said jaws the stud c acts against the finger a and pushes back
the brackets or frames W and X, thus moving the jaws to the required
distance for feeding up the wood, and after the tappet e has ceased to
act upon the arms Z the stud c begins to act upon the finger b and
thereby draws forward the jaws with the wood a proper distance, when
the jaws L and M close upon and hold it whilst the cutters and boring
bit operate to cut the same to the required shape, after which a circular
saw k is caused to move forward and cut off the prepared piece.
Fig. 4 is a detail of the spindles in longitudinal section shewing the
peculiar construction thereof. The hollow spindle A with the face
plate E carrying the bell-mouthed chuck G on two slide arms G', so that
the chuck may be set at any desirable distance from the face plate and
held by set screws G². The spindle I with boring bit is carried in

page_text: conical bushes i fitted into each end of the hollow spindle in two parts
and fixed therein by screw bushes i, so that to compensate for wear of
the said conical bushes they may be readily tightened up by the screw
bushes.
Fig. 5 is an end view, and Fig. 6 is a side view of the face plate,
chuck cutters, and holders with moveable collar H half full size. Each
of the cutter holders F are fixed by a set screw upon a slide plate F",
to which are also fixed lugs with a pin and friction roller F. Attached to
the collar H are two slide plates H' with inclined slot holes clipping the
rollers in the lugs, which as the collar II slides on the spindle A causes
the cutter holders to move the cutting tool F³ nearer to or further from
the axial line or centre of the spindle, as will be readily seen.
It will be observed on reference to the Drawings that this machine
which I have illustrated has two sets of spindles, cutters, and feed
apparatus, or that it is a double machine. The central shaft having a
spur wheel at one end is in gear with a pinion which receives motion
from the driving pulley by a clutch box when the clutch is in gear;
this shaft carries the cams D, H', and K, and gives motion by bevel
wheels to two shafts at right angles thereto, on which are canis for
giving reciprocatory slide motion to the stands which carry the circular
saws; also the tappet plates U and d or the two shafts may be in one.
The spindles are driven by belts from counter shafting in the usual
manner.
The action of the machine is as follows:-The sliding jaws W and X
when open are supplied with a suitable length of wood by an attendant;
the jaws then close upon and carry it forward the required distance
according to arrangement, and then the jaws L and M close upon and
hold it while the cutters and boring bit are moved forward to operate
or cut and bore it; the chuck G first reducing it to a cylindrical form
then remains stationary and the collar H advances, when the slots H'
act upon the cutting tools F and cause them to reduce or cut still
further according to the shape of the tools used, and soon as the cutters
have receeded the saws advance and cut off the parts thus formed;
meanwhile the jaws W and X have also receeded and regrasped the
wood, and the jaws L and M on releasing their grasp the wood is again
brought forward the required distance, when the nipping jaws close
and hold it as before to be again cut, reduced, and bored, and so on in
succession; thus the machine is self-acting in its operation.

page_text: Having thus fully described the nature and particulars of my said
Invention, and in what manner I carry the same into practical effect, I
desire it to be distincly understood that I do not confine myself to the
precise details of construction, as such may be varied or modified
without departing from the main features thereof; but I claim as of my
Invention,-
Firstly. The combination and arrangement of machinery for cutting
and shaping wood, in manner substantially as herein described and
shewn by the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. The application to machinery for cutting and shaping wood
of self-acting feeding and holding jaws so formed and operated as to
present and hold long lengths of unprepared wood centrally to the
cutters whilst being consecutively cut into short ones, as shewn and
described herein.
Thirdly. The use of self-acting combined revolving sliding and con-
tracting cutters for cutting and shaping wood for bobbins and similar
purposes.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Clark, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
Signed, scaled, and delivered by the
within-named John Clark, in the
presence of
W. TASKER,
Patent Agent,
Halifax & Bradford.
JOHN CLARK. (L.S.)