IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Pearson, of the Old Kent Road, in the County of
Surrey, Carpenter, and Brian Jones, of Fenchurch Street, in the City of
London, Mercer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Pearson and Brian
Jones at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th August 1879.
EDWARD PEARSON, of the Old Kent Road, in the County of Surrey, Carpenter,
« IMPROVE-
and BRIAN JONES, of Fenchurch Street, in the City of London, Mercer.
MENTS IN WATERCLOSETS."
These improvements relate to the apparatus now known as the turn basin water
closet, and described in the Specifications of the Letters Patent, No. 1175, A.D. 1874,
and No. 1375, A.D. 1877, granted to Edward Pearson, aforesaid.
The present improvements relate more particularly to a novel construction of
waste water apparatus, and to a mode of forming the main joint between the outlet
pipe of the closet, and the soil pipe leading to the drain.
It is well known to be required in every well constructed closet to make
provision for any temporary stoppage of the outflow of the water; in the absence of
such a self acting apparatus the premises are liable to be flooded.
time it is necessary to prevent any return of the sewer gases.
At the same
Now we form preferably in one piece with the side basin a hollow cylindrical
receptacle of a suitable height in communication by a tubular passage with the
outflow pipe of the closet.
At the bottom of this hollow cylinder and surrounding the orifice of the small
branch pipe is a suitable rim constituting a valve seat.
On this seat and within the cylindrical valve cage thus constituted is placed a
peculiarly shaped valve. This valve consists of a simple hollow cylinder preferably
of india rubber loosely adjusted, so as to be able to slide within the cylindrical
valve cage and resting on the seat. This cylindrical valve may if required be
weighted with small shot or other suitable means, and it may also be made of
leather or of other suitable material instead of india rubber.

page_text: The cage is supplied with water by means of a small jet issuing either from a
small hole made in the basin, or in the water supply valve.
By this means both the valve and a body of water keep back any tendency to a
return of the sewer gases, while the great simplicity of the arrangement allows any
unskilled attendant to periodically or occasionally remove the valve and replace it
with ease.
The top of the hollow cylinder serving as the valve cage may be covered by a
perforated top. In certain places as in some seaside towns where the closets of the
neighbourhood are liable to be flooded by a high tide, or in closets on sea-going
vessels, this cover may be fitted at its bottom side with a circular rim forming a
valve seat. On the cylindrical valve being floated up by the water its top surface
is held against the seat, and the holes in the cover are thereby temporarily closed.
It is well known that with the common arrangement an escape of the sewer
gases at the joint between the outlet pipe of the closet and the soil pipe often
occurs. In order to avoid this danger we take a ring of soft metal of the same size
as the flange of the soil pipe, and cast with a projecting rim suitably adjusted at
the centre or thereabouts of the annular width of the flange; this ring is soldered
on the flange of the soil pipe. The bottom of the outflow pipe of the closet is
moulded with a recess or annular space for taking this projecting ring and it is
adjusted thereon, the intervening spaces being filled with a suitable soft substance;
one inner joint being thus formed, a second joint is further made by causing the
usual flange on the outlet pipe of the closet to rest on a ring of hempen gasket, or a
ring of india rubber, or other suitable substance placed on the outer circular rim of
the ring soldered to the soil pipe flange. Any space left between the flooring and the
flange of the outlet pipe is further filled in with putty or other suitable material.
It is obvious that more than one rim or faucet may be cast on the intervening
joint ring. The whole arrangement can also be reversed, the faucets being formed
on the flange of the outlet pipe of the closet, and the annular depressions on the
intervening joint ring.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Edward Pearson and Brian Jones in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 13th February 1880.
EDWARD PEARSON, of the Old Kent Road, in the County of Surrey, Carpenter,
"IMPROVE-
and BRIAN JONES, of Fenchurch Street, in the City of London, Mercer.
MENTS IN WATERCLOSETS."
These improvements relate to the apparatus now known as the twin basin water
closet, and described in the Specifications of the Letters Patent No. 1175, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy four, and No. 1375, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy seven, granted to
Edward Pearson aforesaid.
The present improvements relate more particularly to a novel construction of
waste water apparatus, and to a mode of forming the main joint between the outlet
pipe of the closet and the soil pipe leading to the drain.
It is well known to be required in every well constructed closet to make pro-
vision for any temporary stoppage of the outflow of the water. In the absence of
such a self acting apparatus the premises are liable to be flooded. At the same
time it is necessary to prevent any return of the sewer gases.
Now we form, preferably in one piece with the side basin, a hollow cylindrical
receptacle of a suitable height, in communication by a tubular passage with the
outflow pipe of the closets.
At the bottom of this hollow cylinder and surrounding the orifice of the small
branch pipe is a suitable rim, constituting a valve seat.
On this seat and within the cplindrical valve cage thus constituted is placed a
peculiar shaped valve. This valve consists of a simple hollow cylinder, preferably
of india rubber, loosely adjusted so as to be able to slide within the cylindrical
valve cage, and resting on the seat. This cylindrical valve may, if required, be
weighted with small shot or other suitable means, and it may also be made of
leather or of other suitable material instead of india rubber.
The cage is supplied with water by means of a small jet issuing either from a
small hole made in the basin or in the water supply,valve.
By this means both the valve and a body of water keep back any tendency to a
return of the sewer gases, while the great simplicity of the arrangement allows any
unskilled attendant to periodically or occasionally remove the valve and replace it
with ease.
The top of the hollow cylinder serving as the valve cage may be covered by a
perforated top. In certain places, as in some seaside towns, where the closets of
the neighbourhood are liable to be flooded by a high tide, or in closets on seagoing
vessels, this cover may be fitted at its bottom side with a circular rim, forming a
valve seat. On the cylindrical valve being floated up by the water its top surface
is held against the seat, and the holes in the cover are thereby temporarily
closed.
The valve employed may also be shaped somewhat differently. It may consist
of a hollow sphere or ball, or it may also be shaped like a cup and ball. In such
cases the valve seat must be made somewhat higher.
It is well known that with the common arrangement an escape of the sewer gases
at the joint between the outlet pipe of the closet and the soil pipe often occurs. In
order to avoid this danger, we take a ring of soft metal of the same size as the flange
of the soil pipe, and cast with a projecting rim suitably adjusted at the centre or
thereabouts of the annular width of the flange. This ring is soldered on the flange
of the soil pipe. The bottom of the outflow pipe of the closet is moulded with a

page_text: recess or annular space for taking this projecting ring, and it is adjusted thereon,
the intervening spaces being filled with a suitable soft substance, one inner joint
being thus formed, a second joint is further made by causing the usual flange in the
outlet pipe of the closet to rest on a ring of hempen gasket, or a ring of india rubber
or other suitable substance placed on the outer circular rim of the ring soldered to
the soil pipe flange. Any space left between the flooring and the flange of the
outlet pipe is further fitted in with putty or other suitable material.
It is obvious that more than one rim or faucet may be cast on the intervening joint
ring. The whole arrangement can also be reversed, the faucets being formed
on the flange of the outlet pipe of the closet, and the annular depressions on the
intervening joint ring.
It will be evident that our peculiar construction of waste water apparatus or
overflow is applicable to other kinds of closets, as is also the case with our novel
form of joint between the outlet pipe or soil pipe, and the closet outlet
We will now proceed to more fully explain our present Invention, by means of
the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, on which the said letters of reference are used
to mark the same parts in the different Figures. Our improvements are shewn as
applied to Pearson's trapless twin basin water closet.
Figure I. is a sectional elevation of the closet through the line Y, Z, in the Plan
of the same Figure 3, and Figure 2, shows a section through the line X, V, on the
said Figure 3.
Figures 4, 5, 6 and 7 indicate cross sections of further improved forms of the
valve and water waste preventor, already described by one of us in the specification,
No. 1375, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy
seven.
On Figures 1 and 2, A shews a seat as generally employed, the whole apparatus
resting on the floor B in the ordinary mode, being as usual steadied by clamps b, C,
is the main basin D, the side basin E is the connection with the soil pipe, è being
the ring soldered or otherwise fixed to the said soil pipe for taking the recess or
annular space moulded in the bottom of the out-flow pipe m of the closet. A
second joint is formed by the ring r, which may be of hempen gasket, of soft
metal, of india rubber, or of other appropriate material. E" in Figure 111 indicates
a similar arrangement of joint, only reversed.
On Figure 1 F is the usual fan; G and H, the water supply valve and float; I,
the solid plunger connected by a chain J to a waste water preventor valve U, to be
inore particularly described further on with reference to Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7. The
division between the main and the side basins is indicated by L, while M is the
aperture connecting the same; S is the water supply pipe; N is the top of the over-
flow fitted with an adjustable cover n, and O is the discharge of the overflow into
the soil pipe. P is the valve, in this instance consisting of a hollow cylinder; it
rests on a
seating or rim within a cylindrical space, which is kept partly filled with
water from a minute orifice made either in the basin or the water supply valve.
The cover n is also fitted with a similar rim on its bottom, so that should the closet
get flooded from any course on the valve being floated up by the water the apertures
in the said cover are temporarily closed thereby.
Figures 4 and 5 indicate the single form of water supply valve we prefer to employ
in cases where a waste water preventor is not required. The vertical stem is fitted
with two mushroom valves gl and gll, preferably faced with india rubber and worked
by the ball float against their two seats. Á valve like this can also be used for bib
cocks, cisterns, and other domestic appliances.
Figures 6 and 7 shew a counterpart of this said valve, but connected with our
waste water preventor, and constituting an enlarged section of the apparatus indi-
cated as fitted to the closet delineated in Figures 1, 2, and 3. Our waste waters
preventor consists of a single valve and its seating; the valve stem is by preference
fitted with a weight w, or a spring may in lieu thereof be applied thereto. Its stem
is jointed to a lever K connected by the chain J to the rod i of the weighted flunger

page_text: I; on the said plunger being raised the lever is reversed, and the weight w being
set free the valve v falls on to its seat W, shutting off the water supply by closing
the connection with the main.
Having thus particularly described our said Invention, and the manner of carrying
out the same, we declare that we do not restrict ourselves to the precise details we
have now described and delineated, but that what we claim as original and as the
Invention secured to us by these Letters Patent is-
1. The novel construction of waste water apparatus or any colourable imitation
thereof, whether combined with Pearson's trapless twin basin water closet or
combined with any other construction of water closet.
2. The novel construction of joint for connecting the soil pipe with the closet
outlet, or any colourable imitation thereof, whether combined with Pearson's trapless
twin basin water closet or combined with any other construction of water closet.
3. The valve as described, whether used by itself for the purposes described or
combined with our waste water preventor as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Pearson, on behalf of myself and the
said Brian Jones, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of
February, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
EDWARD PEARSON. (L.S.)