IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FORGING, SHAPING, AND CRUSHING IKON SAS Dosseve D
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Morrison, of the Town and County of
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FORGING, SHAPING, AND CRUSHING IKON
SAS Dosseve D"
Sealed the 1st February 1854, and dated the 6th August 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Morrison
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition.
on the 6th August 1853.
Spe
1, ROBERT MORRISON, of the Town and County of Newcastle- Pro
upon-Tyne, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FORGING, SHAPING, AND
CRUSHING IRON AND OTHER MATERIALS, AND FOR DRIVING PILES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the so arranging mechanism of the steam
hammer class that it may work much more effectively than at present,
whilst the working wear and tear is greatly reduced. Instead of the
existing hammer block, piston, and piston rod commonly used in forge

page_text: and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during s
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make. use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FORGING, SHAPING, AND CRUSHING IRON
AND OTHER MATERIALS, AND FOR DRIVING PILES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Robert Morrison, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Morrison, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:
My said Invention relates to the so arranging mechanism of the steam
hammer class, or apparatus suitable for forging, shaping, and crushing
iron and other materials, and for driving piles, and exerting mechani-
cal force for various other purposes, that such mechanism or working
details may operate more effectively than that hitherto in use, whilst
the working depreciation is very greatly reduced. These improve-
ments are mainly carried into practical effect by substituting for the
hammer block, piston, and piston rod, a cylindrical bar of wrought iron,
or other metal to form the acting hammer. On this bar or piece of
metal the working piston, together with the guiding surfaces for the
perpendicular movements, are forged or cast solid, as the case may
be, the main length or extent of the bar itself being truly turned
throughout. The steam cylinder is bolted to a pair of plate standards,
stiffened at the back by strong ribs, and the piston bar works through
upper and lower stuffing boxes in the cylinder, whilst it is guided by a
T head at its upper projecting end.
And in order that these essential features, together with the other
minor details of improvement, may be properly understood, I shall

page_text: now proceed to describe the several Figures on the Sheets of
Drawings hereunto attached. Figure 1, on Sheet 1, of my Draw-
ings, is a front elevation of one modification of my improved steam
hammer as arranged for puddling or forging iron. Figure 2, is a
corresponding clevation of the hammer at right angles to Figure 1.
Figure 3, is a detached elevation of the hammer bar; and Figure 4
s a plan of the same corresponding. Figure 5, is a horizontal section
of the hammer framing, with the steam cylinder and hammer bar
in position; and Figure 6, is a horizontal section of the steam cylin-
der and framing together. Figure 1, on Sheet 2, of my Drawings is a
front elevation of a simpler hammer frame, with its cylinder and piston
of superior stability; and Figure 2, is a corresponding clevation at right
angles to Figure 1. Figure 3, is a horizontal section of the frame and
steam cylinder; and Figure 4, is a plan of the frame top. The main
frame consists of the two vertical standards A, bolted down at their
bottom expanded ends to the foundation plate B, embracing the anvil
block. The upper ends of these frame pieces are prolonged above the
steam cylinder level, and are firmly bound together by a stay C,
cottered into eyes in the standards. The steam cylinder D, is cast with
longitudinal flanges E, set to one side, and bolted over the space
between the two frames by two rows of bolts passing through each
frame edge, the lower end of the cylinder being flush with the crown
of the arch formed by the frames above the anvil block. The upper
end cover F, of the cylinder, and its stuffing box, are made in two
halves, the deep bottom stuffing box G, being solid, and cast with the
cylinder to form the end cover. The hammer bar or piston rod II,
is in this instance supposed to be of wrought iron, with the working
piston I, forged upon it at its longitudinal centre, a ring groove being
turned out of the piston to receive a single packing ring. The upper
Thead J, is also forged in one piece with the bar; the two ends K, of
the cross piece being planed down to act as steadying guides by fitting
into the two parallel vertical slots I.. These guide slots are formed by
projecting ribs M, cast upon the faces of the main standards, and
having corresponding front bars N, bolted on at the top and bottom.
The piston rod is thus extremely well guided throughout its stroke. In

page_text: manner.
putting the piston rod in its place its lower end is passed down into
the cylinder from above, and through the bottom stufling box, until the
piston itself is fairly inside the cylinder. The upper divided cover F, is
then put on the cylinder above the piston, and the two halves are
bolted together, and finally bolted down upon the cylinder in the usual
Both the upper and lower stuffing boxes are then packed
and screwed up steam-tight, and the steam valves and gearing being
adjusted, the hammer is ready for working use; the hammer face O),
being cottered on after the bar II, emerges through the bottom stufling
box. The valve gearing may be of the usual kind, but in my Drawings
I have represented a spring box P, as fitted to the end of the lever Q.
of the steam slide valve, to open the valve, the closing being effected by
the spanner at the top. The length of piston stroke is regulated by the
worm wheel and pinion arrangement at R.
The general details of the hammer represented in Sheet 2, of
my Drawings are similar to that which I have already described.
The two main standards A, are bolted down to the ground by base
flanges, and they are bound together at their upper ends by the
intermediate piece B. The steam cylinder C, is placed directly
between the two contiguous parallel edges of the standards; broad
flanges D, being cast on opposite sides of the cylinder to embrace
correspondingly widened flanges E, cast upon the frame edges.
The cylinder is thus firmly secured in its working position by bolts
passed through the corresponding cylinder and frame flanges. The
solid bar or piston rod F, has an upper T piece, or head G,
planed out on each side to embrace the planed edges of the narrower
portions of the frames above the cylinder. In steam hammers of
this class, intended exclusively for puddling, the framing standards
need not be carried up higher than the level of the top of the steam
cylinder; but for general forging work I prefer to prolong them in the
manner which I have illustrated herein. With the working piston,
piston rod, and hammer in one solid piece, the liability to fracture and
lerangement of the details is very much diminished, whilst the ham-
mering blows are of superior solidity and effect. And the bolting of
he steam cylinder between the frame standards at the junction of the

page_text: arch immediately above the anvil or working level provides a most
powerful stay for tyeing the frames well together, and preventing all
lateral springing. Hence, the hammer face is most accurately directed
down upon its work; and shoulders, collars, and other projections can
be hammered down with certainty to their intended size and form by
means of the side of the hammer. The position of the steam cylinder
in front of the standards is also of great importance in my arrange-
ment, as when the hammer is actually between the frame pieces the
inass of material under the hammer must be angled before it can be
swaged; and if it cannot be angled the operating workman must
necessarily stand between the frame pieces. But in my improved plan
the hammer is quite clear of the framing, so that the forgeman can
swage, shape, or cut any work he may have under the hammer without
the necessity of standing at all beneath the framing arch. When
adopted for pile-driving purposes the piston rod, bar, or ram does not
require any other guide than the stuffing boxes at each end of the
cylinder.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manuer in which the same is or may be used
or carried into effect, I may observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine
or restrict myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have
had occasion to describe or refer to, as many variations may be made
therefrom without deviating from the principles or main features of my
Invention. But what I consider to be novel and original, and there-
fore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part
recited Letters Patent, is,--
First, the general arrangement and construction of apparatus for
forging, shaping, and crushing iron and other materials, and for driving
piles, as herein-before described.
Second, the system or mode of constructing such apparatus with
the piston, piston rod, or hammer bar and guides in one solid mass.
Third, the application and use of piston rods or haminer bars work-
ing through both ends of the operating cylinder.
Fourth, the system or mode of staying the framing standards by
interposing the working cylinder as a means of connection.

page_text: Fifth, the system or mode of constructing steam hammers, piles
drivers, and apparatus of a similar class, wherein the actual hammer
works clear, or in front of the framing.
Sixth, the system or mode of guiding the working piston or hammer
bar by a projecting head above the cylinder.
Seventh, the application and use in such apparatus of piston rods or
hammer bars, with the working pistons forged thereon, or in one piece
therewith.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Morrison, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Sixth day of February, One thou-
sand eight hundred and fifty-four.
ROBERT MORRISON. (L.S.)

page_text: hundred and fifty-three, to which Letters Patent a Specification was
duly filed.
DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATIONS proposed to be
entered by the Patentee of the said Letters Patent, according to the
Statute in that case made and provided.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
MORRISON, of the Town and County of Newcastle-on-Tyne, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the seventeenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Ier heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Robert Morrison, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Robert Morrison, my executors, administrators,
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FORGING, SHAPING AND

page_text: CRUSHING IRON AND OTHER LIATERIALS, AND FOR DRIVING PILES," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said Robert Morrison, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent: And whereas I, the said Robert Morrison, in pursuance of
a proviso in the said Letters Patent contained, did by a Specification, being an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, bearing date the Sixth day of
February, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, describe and ascertain
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, and did cause the same instrument to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the day and year last aforesaid: And whereas since the filing
of my said Specification; I have been advised that my said Invention, as
described in such Specification, cannot be so beneficially used for driving piles
as I had previously expected, and that it is doubtful whether my said Specifica-
tion may not be deemed to bear such a construction as would render the
claims of Invention therein contained too large or extensive, and I am there-
fore desirous of making, entering, and filing such Disclaimer and Memorandum
of Alteration, as herein-after expressed or contained.
NOW KNOW YE, therefore, that by and with the leave of Sir Alexander
James Edmund Cockburn, Knight, Her Majesty's Attorney General, and for
the reasons aforesaid, I, the said Robert Morrison, do hereby disclaim the
words "and for driving piles," contained in the title of the said Invention.
And further know ye, that by and with tho leave aforesaid, and for the
reasons aforesaid, I, the said Robert Morrison, do hereby disclaim these words,
"and for driving piles and exerting mechanical force for various other
"purposes," contained in the thirtieth and thirty-first lines from the top of
the first page of the said Specification, and in the twentieth and twenty-first
lines of page three of the printed copies of the said Specification printed by
Her Majesty's Printers, and which said words herein-before disclaimed follow
immediately after these words :-"My said Invention relates to the so
"arranging mechanism of the steam hammer class or apparatus suitable for
"forging, shaping, and crushing iron and other materials," also contained in
the said Specification. And by and with the leave aforesaid, and for the reasons
aforesaid, I, the said Robert Morrison, do hereby disclaim these words, "when
adopted for pile-driving purposes the piston rod, bar, or ram does not
"require any other guide than the stuffing boxes at each end of the cylinder,"
contained in the twenty-ninth, thirtieth, and thirty-first lines from the top of
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page_text: "
"
the fourth page of the said Specification, and in the fourteenth, fifteenth, six-
teenth, and seventeenth lines of the sixth page of the said printed copies of the
said Specification printed by Her Majesty's Printers. And by and with the
leave aforesaid, and for the reasons aforesaid, I, the said Robert Morrison, do
hereby disclaim these words, "confine or restrict myself to the precise details
or arrangements which I have had occasion to describe or refer to, as many
"variations may be made therefrom without deviating from the principles or
main features," contained in the first four lines on the fifth page of my said
Specification, and in the twentieth, twenty-first, twenty-second, and twenty-
third lines of the sixth page of the said printed copies of the said Specification
so printed as aforesaid. And by and with the leave aforesaid, and for the
reasons aforesaid, I do hereby alter the said Specification in that part which
follows immediately after these words, "I may observe, in conclusion, that,"
contained in the first line on the fifth page of my said Specification, and in the
twentieth line of the sixth page of the said printed copies of the said Specifica-
tion, by inserting the words "except as herein-after expressly mentioned "
immediately after the said words "in conclusion that," and immediately before
the next following words "I do not," after which words "I do not" I insert
in my said Specification, and by and with the leave aforesaid, and for the
reasons aforesaid, alter my said Specification by inserting therein these words,
claim any of the parts or elements of which my said apparatus is composed,
separate or apart from the combination or application thereof in manner and
"for the purposes herein described as being." And by and with the leave
aforesaid, and for the reasons aforesaid as to, for, and concerning these words,
"but what I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the
Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent,
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is, First, the general arrangement and construction of apparatus for forging
shaping, and crushing iron and other materials, and for driving piles, as
herein-before described," contained in the fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, and
ninth lines on the fifth page of the said Specification, and in the twenty-fourth,
twenty-fifth, twenty-sixth, twenty-seventh, twenty-eighth, and twenty-ninth
lines of the said printed, copies thereof. I hereby alter the said Specification
by striking out and omitting therefrom the said words "is first," and inserting
in lieu thereof the words "with respect to," and by striking out and omitting
the word "general," and also by striking out and disclaiming the words " and
"for driving piles" and by inserting the word "is" immediately after the
words "as herein-before described." And in the subsequent parts of the said
Specification, and in the numbering of the claims of Invention therein, by and
with the leave aforesaid, and for the reasons aforesaid, I alter the said Specifi-

page_text: cation by striking out the word "Second" and inserting the word "First" in
lieu thereof; by striking out the word "Third "and inserting the word "Second"
in lieu thereof; by striking out the word "Fourth" and inserting the word
"Third" in lieu thereof; by striking out the word "Fifth" and inserting the
word "Fourth in lieu thereof; and by striking out the word "Sixth" and
inserting the word "Fifth" in lieu thereof. And by and with the leave afore-
said, and for the reasons aforesaid, I do hereby disclaim these words, "pile
"drivers and apparatus of a similar class," contained in the sixteenth and
seventeenth lines on the fifth page of the said Specification, and in the claim
of Invention therein heretofore numbered " Fifth," but henceforth intended
to be numbered "Fourth" in lieu of "Fifth." And I do also disclaim these
words, "Seventh, the application and use in such apparatus of piston rods or
hammer bars with the working pistons forged thereon, or in one piece there-
"with." And by and with the leave aforesaid, and for the reasons aforesaid,
I do also disclaim all parts of the said Specification which are not comprised in
the same as altered in manner hercin-after expressed. And by and with such
leave, and for such reasons as aforesaid, I do hereby alter the said Specifica-
tion, so that the same shall, in pursuance of the aforesaid Disclaimer be in the
words, letters, and figures following (that is to say) :-
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"TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
"ROBERT MORRISON, of the Town and County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
Engineer, send greeting.
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"WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
"Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the seventeenth
"of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
"unto me, the said Robert Morrison, Her special license that I, the said
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year
Robert Morrison, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
"others as I, the said Robert Morrison, my executors, administrators, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
"and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
" and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
"of Man, an Invention therein intituled "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
"FORGING, SHAPING, AND CRUSHING IRON AND OTHER MATERIALS, AND FOR DRIVING
"PILES, (and which title, as altered by my Disclaimer, is in these words,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FORGING, SHAPING, AND CRUSHING IRON
AND OTHER MATERIALS,') upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
"

page_text: "
"said Robert Morrison, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
"the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
"months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
"NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Morrison, do hereby declare
"the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings,
"and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
"
"
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My said Invention relates to the so arranging mechanism of the steam
"hammer class, or apparatus suitable for forging, shaping, and crushing iron
"and other materials, that such mechanism or working details may operate
"more effectively than that hitherto in use, whilst the working depreciation
is very greatly reduced. These improvements are mainly carried into
practical effect by substituting for the hammer block, piston, and piston
rod, a cylindrical bar of wrought iron or other metal, to form the acting
hammer. On this bar or piece of metal, the working piston, together with
"the guiding surfaces for the perpendicular movements, are forged or cast
solid, as the case may be; the main length or extent of the bar itself, being
truly turned throughout the steam cylinder, is bolted to a pair of plate
"standards stiffened at the back by strong ribs, and the piston bar works
through upper and lower stuffing boxes in the cylinder whilst it is guided
by a T-head at its upper projecting end."
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And in order that these essential features together with the other minor
"details of improvement may be properly understood, I shall now proceed
"to describe the several Figures on the Sheets of Drawings hereunto
attached. Figure 1, on Sheet 1 of my Drawings, is a front elevation of
one modification of my improved steam hammer, as arranged for puddling
or forging iron; Figure 2 is a corresponding elevation of the hammer at
right angles to Figure 1; Figure 3 is a detached elevation of the hammer
bar; and Figure 4 is a plan of the same, corresponding; Figure 5 is a
horizontal section of the hammer framing, with the steam cylinder and
hammer bar in position; and Figure 6 is a horizontal section of the steam
cylinder and framing together. Figure 1, on Sheet 2 of my Drawings,
" is a front elevation of a simpler hammer frame with its cylinder and piston
"of superior stability, and Figure 2 is a corresponding elevation at right
angles to Figure 1; Figure 3 is a horizontal section of the frame and steam
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cylinder; and Figure 4 is a plan of the frame top. The main frame con-

page_text: "sists of the two vertical standards A, bolted down at their bottom expanded
"ends to the foundation plate B, embracing the anvil block. The upper
"ends of these frame pieces are prolonged above the steam cylinder level,
" and are firmly bound together by a stay C, cottered into eyes in the
"standards. The steam cylinder D is cast with longitudinal flanges E, set
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to one side, and bolted over the space between the two frames by two
❝rows of bolts passing through each frame edge, the lower end of the
cylinder being flush with the crown of the arch formed by the frames
"above the anvil block. The upper end cover F of the cylinder, and its
stuffing box are made in two halves, the deep bottom stuffing box G being
solid, and cast with the cylinder to form the end cover. The hammer
" bar or piston rod H is, in this instance, supposed to be of wrought iron
"with the working piston I forged upon it at its longitudinal centre, a ring
groove being turned out of the piston to receive a single packing ring; the
upper T-head J is also forged in one piece with the bar, the two ends K
"of the cross piece being planed down to act as steadying guides by fitting
into the two parallel vertical slots L; these guide slots are formed by pro-
'jecting ribs M cast upon the faces of the main standards, and having
corresponding front bars N bolted on at the top and bottom. The piston
"rod is thus extremely well guided throughout its stroke. In putting the
piston rod in its place its lower end is passed down into the cylinder from
"above and through the bottom stuffing box until the piston itself is fairly
"inside the cylinder. The upper divided cover F is then put on the cylinder
"above the piston, and the two halves are bolted together, and finally bolted
"down upon the cylinder in the usual manner. Both the upper and lower
stuffing boxes are then packed and screwed up steam-tight, and the steam
"valves and gearing being adjusted, the hammer is ready for working use,
"the hammer face O being cottered on after the bar H emerges through
"the bottom stuffing box. The valve gearing may be of the usual kind,
"but in my Drawings I have represented a spring box P, as fitted to
"the end of the lever Q of the steam slide valve, to open the valve, the
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The length of piston
closing being effected by the spanner at the top.
"stroke is regulated by the worm wheel and pinion arrangement at R."
"The general details of the hammer represented in Sheet 2 of my
Drawings are similar to that which I have already described. The two
"main standards A are bolted down to the ground by base flanges, and
they are bound together at their upper ends the intermediate piece B.
The steam cylinder C is placed directly between the two contiguous
parallel edges of the standards; broad flanges. D being cast on opposite
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"sides of the cylinder to embrace correspondingly widened flanges E, cast
upon the frame edges. The cylinder is thus firmly secured in its working
position by bolts passed through the corresponding cylinder and the frame
flanges. The solid bar or piston rod F has an upper T-piece or head G
planed out on each side to embrace the planed edges of the narrower
"portions of the frames above the cylinder. In steam hammers of this
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class, intended exclusively for puddling, the framing standards need not
"be carried up higher than the level of the top of the steam cylinder; but
"for general forging work, I prefer to prolong them in the manner which I
have illustrated herein. With the working piston, piston rod, and
"hammer in one solid piece, the liability to fracture and derangement of
"the details is very much diminished, whilst the hammering blows are
"of superior solidity and effect. And the bolting of the steam cylinder
between the frame standards at the junction of the arch immediately
"above the anvil or working level provides a most powerful stay for tyeing
the frames well together, and preventing all lateral springing. Hence
the hammer face is most accurately directed down upon its work; and
shoulders, collars, and other projections can be hammered down with
certainty to their intended size and form, by means of the side of the
hammer. The position of the steam cylinder in front of the standards
"is also of great importance in my arrangement, as when the hammer
"is actually between the frame pieces, the mass of material under the
hammer must be angled before it can he swaged; and if it cannot be
angled, the operating workman must necessarily stand between the
frame pieces. But in my improved plan, the hammer is quite clear of
the framing, so that the forgeman can suage, shape, or cut any work
"he may have under the hammer, without the necessity of standing at
"all beneath the framing arch."
"
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Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
"said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used
or carried into effect, I may observe in conclusion that, except as herein-
"after expressly mentioned, I do not claim any of the parts or elements
of which my said apparatus is composed, separate or apart from the
"combination or application thereof, in manner and for the purposes herein
described, as being of my Invention; but what I consider to be novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent, with respect to the arrangement and
"construction of apparatus for forging, shaping, and crushing iron, and other
materials, as herciu-before described is,—"
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page_text: First, the system or mode of constructing such apparatus with the
piston, piston rod, or hammer bar and guides in one solid mass."
Second, the application and use of piston rods or hammer bars working
through both ends of the operating cylinder."
Third, the system or mode of staying the framing standards by inter-
posing the working cylinder as a means of connection."
Fourth, the system or mode of constructing steam hammers, wherein
the actual hammer works clear, or in front of the framing."
Fifth, the system or mode of guiding the working piston or hammer bar
by a projecting head above the cylinder.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Morrison, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Sixth day of February, One thousand eight
"hundred and fifty-four."
"ROBERT MORRISON. (L.S.)"
nd I, the said Robert Morrison, do hereby declare that the above written
claimer and Memorandum of Alteration are not, nor is either of them, nor is
part thereof, respectively intended to extend the exclusive right granted by
said Letters Patent, and that these Presents shall not extend the said
usive right in any way whatsoever.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Morrison, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Twenty-third day of July, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-five.