CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TWISTING, TWINING, OR MANUFACTURING CORDS, BANDS, TWINE, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES, FROM COTTON, FLAX, HEMP, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS YARNS OR THREADS
Year: 1847

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, NATHANIEL
CARD, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Twine Manufacturer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Sixteenth day of February, in the tenth year of Her reign, and
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-seven, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Nathaniel
Card, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the
said Nathaniel Card, my executors, administrators, and assigns, and such
others as I, the said Nathaniel Card, my executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England and Wales, and the Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of " CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TWISTING, TWINING, OR MANUFACTURING CORDS,
BANDS, TWINE, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES, FROM COTTON, FLAX, HEMP, SILK,
AND OTHER FIBROUS YARNS OR THREADS;" in which said Letters Patent is con-
tained a proviso that I, the said Nathaniel Card, shall cause a particular
description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference
being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Nathaniel Card, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly de-
scribed and ascertained in and by the Drawings hereto annexed, and the
following explanation thereof (that is to say) :-
My Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Twisting, Twining, or
Manufacturing Cords, Bands, Twine, and other similar Articles from Cotton,
Flax, Hemp, Silk, and other Fibrous Yarns or Threads, apply only to the
manufacture of such cords, bands, &c. as are made by twisting, twining, or
doubling two or more threads or strands together, and consist,-
Firstly, in the application, employment, or use of a bobbin with catches and
á hollow spindle, and a weight or spring, or other elastic medium (herein-after
more particularly described), which bears upon the yarn or thread, so as to
keep each strand or thread at an equal tension whilst twisting them, either
previous to their being twined or doubled together into a cord or band, &c.,
or during that operation either in the ordinary doubling or other twisting
frame, or on the rope and twine walk.
Secondly, my Invention consists in substituting the above-mentioned
bobbins, spindles, and weights or springs for the creel, in the ordinary or other
twisting or winding frames.
And, thirdly, in the application of the hollow spindle and weight, or spring
or other elastic medium in connection with a catch wheel to be used in con-
junction with the ordinary bobbins in the common twisting, doubling, or
winding machines, or upon the rope and twine walk, for the purpose of
keeping each thread or strand at an equal tension, either previous to or whilst
twisting them together into a cord, band, &c.
And, in order that my Invention may be more fully understood and readily
carried into practical effect, I have attached to these Presents a Drawing of a
bobbin, spindle, and flyer, and have marked the same with figures and letters
of reference corresponding with those in the following description thereof (that
is to say)-
Figure 1 is an elevation of my improved spindle and bobbin, as applied to
the ordinary twisting or doubling frame, for the purpose of twisting the yarns
or threads, and keeping them at an equal tension previous to or during the
process of their being twined or doubled together into a cord or band by the
front or twisting spindles of the doubling or twisting frame. Fig. 2 is a
section of the same. a, a, is the hollow spindle; and b, b, the flyer, one arm
of which is furnished with a small lever c. d, d, is the bobbin, to which is
attached a small catch plate e, e, having projections or teeth upon its surface.

page_text: J, J, is a tension weight, placed in the interior or the spindle a, and supported
or suspended therein by the thread or yarn (represented by the red line). g
is a pin working in an upright slot or opening in the hollow spindle, which
prevents the tension weight f from falling too low, also serving as a handle
wherewith to raise the said weight, when necessary. The thread or yarn
passes from the bobbin d, d, through two eyes in the flyer b, b, thence through
the eye in the end of the lever c to the tension weight ff, and after passing
through the eye of the said weight, and thus supporting it, is brought upwards
through the opening in the top of the spindle, whence it passes off through the
rollers to be doubled or twisted together by the front spindles of the machine.
The weight f, f, should be sufficiently heavy to cause the tension of the yarn
or thread to turn the bobbin. The spindle a is caused to revolve, so as to
give the requisite amount of twist to the yarn or thread by means of the bevil
wheel h. As long as the strands remain at the requisite tension, the weight
ff, and lever c will remain in the position shown in the Drawing; but as soon
as any one of the strands become slack its corresponding weight falls, and
allows the lever c to fall into the catches or teeth e, e, upon its bobbin, and
thus stop that bobbin from giving out more yarn until the tension of the yarn,
raising the weight f, f, lifts the lever c, and thus releases the bobbin. By
connecting the pin g to the strap, fork, or guide in any convenient manner,
the falling of the tension weight f, f, may be made to stop the machine. In
twisting or doubling by means of the ordinary revolving plates, or the "sun and
planet gearing," the spindles (being driven by pinions placed almost imme-
diately below the flyer) are not required to be so long, and the weight ƒ may
be so placed that when a thread breaks, its tension weight f shall fall, and
project below the end of the spindle, which projection may be caused, by various
contrivances, also to stop the machine.. The same spindle and bobbin may be
used in the rope or twine walk, for the purpose of keeping the yarn or warp at
an equal tension whilst warping out. The same spindle and bobbin may also
be used instead or in the place of the creel generally employed in the ordinary
twisting or doubling frames, to deliver the strands with an equal tension to the
rollers previous to their being twisted together into a cord, band, &c. It may
be also applied for the purpose of winding yarn from one bobbin to another, in
which case the spindle is not required to revolve, but may remain stationary,
or the creel and common bobbins may be employed, the strands of yarn being
kept at an equal tension by passing through a modification of the above appa-
ratus, which is shewn in elevation at Fig. 8, and in section at Fig. 4. The
thread passes through the eye of the guide a, a, over the grooved pulley b,
through the eye in the catch lever c, c, and after passing through the eye of

page_text: the tension weight d, d, is brought upwards through the top of the hollow
spindle e, e. When the yarn becomes slack, and the tension weight d, d, falls,
the upper end of the lever c, c, catches against the pins on the pulley b, and
prevents it from revolving, the teeth in the groove holding the yarn or thread
until the tension weight d, d, rises. I would here remark, that a spiral or
other spring may be employed in place of the weight above described.
Having now described the nature and object of my said Improvements in
Machinery or Apparatus for Twisting, Twining, or Manufacturing Cords,
Bands, Twine, and other similar Articles from Cotton, Flax, Hemp, Silk, and
other Fibrous Yarns or Threads, I would remark, in conclusion, that I claim
as my Invention the application, employment, or use of the above-described
spindles and bobbins to twisting or doubling frames, or whilst winding yarns
or threads, or upon the rope and twine walk, for the purpose of twisting the
strands or threads, and holding them at an equal tension, previous to or
during the operation of twisting or doubling them together, or manufacturing
them into a twisted cord, band, &c.; and I also claim the application, employ-
ment, or use of the apparatus shewn in Figures 3 and 4, or any modification
of the same, to be used in the manner and for the purposes above particularly
set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Nathaniel Card, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of August, One thousand eight