IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BREAKING STONES, ORES, BONES, AND OTHER MATERIALS, AND FOR PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henri Joseph Ramu, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of
Belgium, Civil Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR BREAKING STONES, ORES, BONES, AND OTHER MATERIALS, AND FOR
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henri Joseph Ramu at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th June 1881.
HENRI JOSEPH RAMU, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Civil Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BREAKING STONES, ORES, BONES, AND
OTHER MATERIALS, AND FOR SORTING THE BROKEN PIECES THEREOF."
My Invention relates to machinery for breaking stones, ores, bones, and other
materials, and for sorting or classifying the broken pieces thereof, and it consists of
the improvements hereinafter described in the construction and arrangement of the
parts of the said machinery, by which greater efficiency in the working and in the
effect produced is ensured.
My improved machinery consists of a suitably shaped metal caso or chest, in
which is mounted a rotatory shaft provided with a series of flexible or non flexible
arms, on the ends of which are fixed metal hammers or other tools, which by their
rotation effect the breaking of the stones or materials to be broken, which are fed
into the case or chest through a suitable inlet or opening, the feed being promoted
and regulated by a self acting distributor consisting of a duct or inclined plane,
one end of which rests upon the side of the said inlet or opening, whilst its other
end is caused to vibrate or shake by being acted upon by a revolving cam shaft or
a shaft of square or polygonal section or other suitable means. The upper part
and the front and back ends of the said case or chest are provided with strong
plates or anvils of suitable metal, which may or may not be roughened or armed
with diamond or other shaped projections.
The sides of the said case or chest are plain, and exteriorly have formed upon
them or attached to them suitable brackets supporting the bearings of the rotatory
hammer shaft hereinbefore described.

page_text: At the bottom of the said case or chest, and underneath the revolving hammer
shaft is an inclined plane which conducts the material which has already been acted
upon by the hammers through a hole or duct in the side of the case or chest into a
rotatory cylinder closed at the sides, in which cylinder the broken pieces are sorted
or classified. The outer surface of the said cylinder is perforated with holes of
proper size to allow the fragments of material which have been broken to the
required size to pass through them, and when it is required to sort fragments of
broken material of different sizes I provide the said sorting cylinder with two or
more than two concentric perforated cylinders one within the other at suitable
distances one from the other, the perforations in each cylinder being of suitable sizo
to suit the fragments which are intended to pass through them; thus the inner
concentric perforated cylinder would have the largest holes, and the outer cylinder
would have the smallest holes. The said concentric cylinders form separate com-
partments, in which the fragments are retained according to their size. In the sido
of each of the said compartments are holes corresponding with ducts or inclined
planes within the said compartments, the said inclined planes being for the purposo
of shooting out through the said holes the fragments of material which have been
sorted. On the inner surface of the inner concentric perforated cylinder are fixed
several rakes or elevating plates, by which the fragments of material which are
too large to pass through the holes in the said cylinder aro taken up in the
rotation of the cylinder, and are caused to fall into a hopper or inclined plane, from
which they fall onto the distributor herein before described, and from thence
reenter the breaker case or chest, and are again subjected to the action of the
hammers.
: The rotatory motion of the sorting cylinder is independent of that of the hammer
hoft

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Henri Joseph Ramu in the Great Scal Patent Office on tho
15th December 1881.
HENRI JOSEPH RAMU, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Civil Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BREAKING STONES, ORES, BONES, AND
OTHER MATERIALS, AND FOR SORTING THE BROKEN PIECES THEREOF."
My Invention relates to machinery for breaking stones, ores, bones, and other
materials, and for sorting or classifying the broken pieces thereof, and it consists of
the improvements herein after described in the construction and arrangement of tho
parts of the said machinery, by which greater efficiency in the working and in tho
effect produced is ensured.
My improved machinery consists of a suitably shaped metal case or chest, in
which is mounted a rotatory shaft provided with series of flexible or non flexiblo
arms, on the ends of which are fixed metal hammers or other tools, which by their
rotation effect the breaking of the stones or materials to be broken, which are fed
into the case or chest through a suitable inlet or opening, the feed being promoted
and regulated by a self acting distributor consisting of a duct or inclined plane,
one end of which rests upon the side of the said inlet or opening, whilst its
other end is caused to vibrate or shake by being acted upon by a revolving cam
shaft or a shaft of square or polygonal section or other suitable means.
The upper
part and the front and back ends of the said case or chest are provided with strong
plates or anvils of suitable metal which may or may not be roughened or armed
with diamond or other shaped projections.
The sides of the said case or chest are plain, and exteriorly have formed upon
them or attached to them suitable brackets supporting the bearings of the rotatory
hammer shaft herein before described.
At the bottom of the said case or chest and underneath the revolving hammer
shaft is an inclined plane which conducts the material which has already been
acted upon by the hammers through a hole or duct in the side of the case or chest
into a rotatory cylinder closed at the sides, in which cylinder the broken pieces aro
sorted or classified. The outer surface of the said cylinder is perforated with holes of
proper size to allow the fragments of material which have been broken to the
required size to pass through them, and when it is required to sort fragments of
broken material of different sizes I provide the said sorting cylinder with two
or more than two concentric perforated cylinders one within the other at suitable
distances one from the other, the perforations in each cylinder being of suitable
size to suit the fragments which are intended to pass through them; thus the inner
concentric perforated cylinder would have the largest holes and the outer cylinder
would have the smallest holes. The said concentric cylinders form separate
compartments in which the fragments are retained according to their size. In the
side of each of the said compartments are holes corresponding with ducts or
inclined planes within the said compartments, the said inclined planes being for
the purpose of shooting out through the said holes the fragments of material which
have been sorted.
On the inner surface of the inner concentric perforated cylinder are fixed several
rakes or elevating plates by which the fragments of material which are too large
to pass through the holes in the said cylinder are taken up in the rotation of the
cylinder, and are caused to fall into a hopper or inclined plane from which they
fall onto the distributor herein before described, and from thence reenter the breaker
case or chest and are again subjected to the action of the hammers. The rotatory
motion of the sorting cylinder is independent of that of the hammer shaft.

page_text: Having thus explained the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to describe
with reference to the accompanying Drawings the manner in which the same is to
be performed.
Figure 1 represents in longitudinal section a machine for breaking stones and
other materials, and for sorting the broken pieces thereof, constructed according to
my Invention. Figure 2 is a transverse section of the same. The same letters of
reference indicate like parts in Figures 1 and 2.
a is the main shaft which passes through the sides d, d, of the metal case or
chest b, and rotates in bearings c and c situated outside the said case or chest b.
On the said shaft a are mounted the naves c, c, from which project radially series
of flexible or non flexible arms g, g, which may be made of metal, tressed steel,
wire, aloes, leather, wood, or other suitable flexible or rigid material. On the free
ends of the said arms g, g, are fixed metal hammers, the shape, weight, and number
of which vary according to the nature of the material to be broken. Upon one
end of the rotatory shaft a are mounted a fly wheel i and a driving pulley j, by
which pulley rotatory motion is communicated to the said shaft a from any
suitable motive power.
The upper part of the metal case or chest a, and also
the front and back ends of it, ¹, e, are formed of strong plates or anvils of cast or
wrought iron, steel, or other suitable metal k, k¹, k, which are roughened or armed
with diamond or other shaped projections 2, the shape of the said projections
varying with the nature of the material to be broken.
At the bottom of the case or chest b, and underneath the revolving hammer
shaft a is an inclined plane made of metal m, which conducts the material which
has already been acted upon by the hammers through a duct or outlet n in the
side of the case or chest a. The inclined plane m might be omitted, and the duct
or outlet n might be situated at any other suitable part of the sides or the ends, or
the bottom of the case or chest b, provided that the material which has been acted
upon by the hammers be prevented from coming again in contact with the said
hammers until after the said materials have been classified or sorted, and the
pieces of broken material which are of the required size have been removed or
discharged from the machine, it being an essential feature of my Invention that the
material should be in perfect liberty during the breaking operation, and should be
discharged from the case or chest as soon as it has been acted upon by the
hammers.
In the upper part of the case or chest is an inlet or opening o, the size and
position of which vary according to the material to be broken. To the said
opening o is adapted a self acting distributor p by which the material to be broken
is regularly fed into the case or chest b. The said distributor 2 consists of a duct
or inclined plane made of iron or other suitable material, one end 21 of which bears
upon a revolving cam shaft or a shaft of square or polygonal section 2³, whilst its
other end p rests upon the side of the inlet or opening o.
By the rotation of the shaft p³ the distributor p is caused to shake or vibrate,
spreading the material upon it, and the said material slips down the incline and is
fed regularly into the machine where the picces present their largest surface to the
action of the hammers. By varying the inclination of the distributor p and the
number of revolutions of the shaft p³, the quantity of material fed into the machine
is also varied. To the side d' of the case or chest bis affixed a bracket q supporting
bearings, in which rotates the shafts of the rotatory classifying or sorting cylinder
or drum w.
The said classifying or sorting cylinder or drum w consists of concentric per-
forated cylinders x, x, x¹, x¹, one within the other at a suitable distance apart, the
perforations in each cylinder being of suitable size to allow of the fragments of the
required size passing through them; thus the perforations of the inner perforated
cylinder are larger than those of the outer perforated cylinner ¹, and the said
perforated cylinders and a form separate compartments in which the fragments
are retained according to their size, or when of the right size they pass through
the perforations and are discharged. In the side P of the said compartments are

page_text: holes 0, 0¹, 0%, corresponding with ducts or inclined planes I within the com-
partment, the said ducts I being for the purpose of shooting out through the said
holes the fragments of material which have been sorted. The number and
arrangement of the said ducts I and holes 0, 0, 0, will depend upon the number
of concentric classifying perforated cylinders x, x¹.
On the inner surface of the inner concentric perforated cylinder x are fixed at a
suitable distance one from the other metal or other rakes or elevating plates, by
which the fragments of material which are too large to pass through the holes in
the said classifying cylinder are taken up in the rotation of the said cylinder, and
are caused to fall into a hopper b¹, from which they fall onto the distributor p, and
are caused to reenter the case or chest b, and are again subjected to the action of
the hammers h. Upon the outside face of the classifying cylinder or drum w is
fixed a pulley or annular rim a', by which independent rotatory motion is trans-
mitted to the said classifyer by a strap or band or other suitable means.
The action of the machine is as follows:-
The stones or other material to be broken are fed onto the distributor p, from
which they pass through the opening o into the case or chest b, falling onto the
hammers h, which being caused to rotate at considerable speed break the said
stones or materials, projecting them in every direction upon the various anvils,
which form the ends and top of the case or chest b. The broken pieces of stone or
material fall to the bottom onto the inclined plane m, and pass through the
opening n into the sorting or classifying apparatus w. The fragments of stone or
material which have been broken to the required size pass immediately through the
holes or perforations & in the inner perforated cylinder, and through the holes or
perforations in the other perforated cylinders, each perforated cylinder retaining
the pieces too large to pass through its perforations. The fragments too large to
pass through the holes of the inner perforated cylinder are carried up by the rakes
or elevating plates to above the hopper b', into which they fall, and from which
they pass on to the distributor p, and from thence again into the case or chest b,
where they are again subjected to the action of the hammers.
The extension 6 of the hopper b' collects any of the fragments carried up by
the rakes z, and which may have fallen on the side of the hopper b¹, and conducts
them back into the sorting or classifying cylinder without their falling from too
high into the said cylinder.
Figure 3 is a transverse section, and Figure 4 is a longitudinal section of a
machine for breaking stones and other materials, and sorting and classifying the
broken fragments thereof, illustrating certain modifications in the construction of
the machinery represented in Figures 1 and 2.
a is the hammer shaft, and b is the case or chest in which the breaking of the
material is effected. Upon the hammer shaft a is mounted a nave e, from which
project the rigid arms g, g, to the free ends of which are affixed the long rectan-
gular hammers or beaters h, h, h, h, disposed in pairs, and extending from one end
to the other of the case or chest b. k, k, l, are the upper and front and back
plates of the case or chest b. By reference to Figure 3 it will be seen that a
portion of the upper part k, l, of the case or chest b is armed with asperities,
whilst the other portion of it is plain, and is situated at a higher level, so as to
give greater height to the end, which is provided with asperities at that part
where the material is projected by the action of the hammers.
The sorting or classifying drum w, instead of being of circular section, as repre-
sented in Figure 2, is polygonal. In other respects the machine represented in
Figures 3 and 4 is similar to the machine represented in Figures 1 and 2, and its
action is the same.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not confine
myself to the precise details herein before described and illustrated in the accom-
panying Drawings, as the same may be varied without departing from the nature
of my Invention, but I claim as my Invention of "Improvements in Machinery

page_text: for Breaking Stones, Ores, Bones, and other Materials, and for Sorting the Broken
Pieces thereof,"-
First. The combination of a case or chest provided internally with a rotatory
shaft, from which project elastic or rigid arms carrying hammers or beaters with
independent sorting or classifying apparatus, essentially as herein before described
and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings, the said case or chest being con-
structed and arranged so that the breakage of the material is effected exclusively
within, and that the broken pieces of the material are immediately after the action
of the hammers evacuated or discharged into the independent classifying or sorting
apparatus.
Secondly. The combination of a self acting vibrating distributor with the
chamber or chest in which the beaters work, such distributor being for the purposo
of spreading the materials to be broken and feeding them into the said chamber or
chest, so that as they fall they present their largest surface to the action of the
said beaters, substantially as described.
Thirdly. A beater case or chest constructed substantially as herein before described
and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings, that is to say, a case or chest of
such form that the beaters can act on the matters fed into it only while the said
matters aro in the act of falling, such case or chest having asperities formed on
those parts of its innersido against which tho matters fed in are projected by the
boaters.
Fourthly. The construction and arrangement of parts of the separate and inde-
pendent rotatory sorting or classifying apparatus w, hereinbefore described and
illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 of the accompanying Drawings, consisting of a series
of concentric cylinders or polygonal drums at suitablo distances one from the other
mounted on an axis, such drums or cylinders being perforated with holes which
allow the fragments which are of the required size to pass through them, and retain
the too large fragments, which are discharged from the apparatus through suitable
ducts and apertures, whilst the fragments too large to pass through the perforations
of the inner concentric drum are carried up by rakes or plates, and are delivered
into a hopper, from which they pass on to the distributor, and are again fed into
the breaking machine and are again subjected to the action of the beaters.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henri Joseph Ramu, have horeunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
HENRI I RAMII (ra)