An Improved Charcoal Kiln.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Sept., 1899-Accepted, 18th Nov., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Charcoal Kiln.
I, FRIEDRICH BRAND, of 15, Victoria Strasse, Cassel, in the German Empire,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying drawings
and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say: —
Charcoal kilns as before constructed, have various defects which more or less
seriously influence the quality of the product as well as the working of the kiln.
For instance, in some cases, the products of combustion become mixed with the
products of distillation, so that the latter cannot be kept concentrated, and hence
enly slightly combustible gases are obtained. In other cases, only an imperfect
regulation of the heat and distribution of the same in the interior of the kiln
is possible, so that a large amount of dust is deposited, the cleaning of the
heating pipes is rendered difficult, and the fixing of the latter to the walls of the
kiln is defective.
Now, the object of this invention is to construct a charcoal kiln, in which not
only all the disadvantages above referred to are obviated, but in which, in
addition to the conversion into charcoal, the preliminary drying of the wood
and the final cooling of the charcoal can all be effected in the same chamber with
only a single charging.
The improved charcoal kiln is characterised by the pipes for heating it being
arranged upright, whereby an easier fixing of the latter in the walls of the kiln
is obtained. Dampers are arranged on the top of the heating pipes for regulating
the heat, and the bottom of the furnace is made saddle-shape to enable the
charcoal to be easily withdrawn.
Such a charcoal kiln is shewn in the accompanying drawings in which;
Fig. 1 represents a vertical section, and
Fig. 2 a horizontal section on the line A, B, of Fig. 1.
The kiln consists of a shaft a of masonry, which for the sake of ensuring a
tighter closing may be provided with a sheet iron lining. The sole or bottom b
of the shaft is made of wrought or cast iron plates, and is inclined towards one
or several sides, in order to facilitate the operation of calcining the charcoal.
The top of the shaft is closed by iron plates e, or by arches & extending between
iron girders or supports. The shaft is traversed by a number of vertical iron
pipes e standing upon the iron bottom and passing through the roof of the
kiln. Below the iron bottom, one or several furnaces f are arranged. The
transmission of the heat to the material to be carbonised is effected through the
iron bottom and the vertical pipes.
In the interior of the shaft the heating pipes have a greater cross section,
than at their top and bottom ends, in order that the combustion gases may ascend
but slowly through the latter parts and give up as much of their heat as possible
to the pipe walls. The top ends of the heating pipes e are provided with
dampers g so that the flow of the combustion gases through each pipe can be
controlled at will, and the heating of the shaft can be effected with greater
uniformity. Directly above the base of the kiln, several openings are arranged,
through which the charcoal can be discharged.

page_text: The kiln may also be employed for drying wood prior to its carbonising, this
being effected by gently heating the same while keeping the charcoal discharge
openings open, as well as the feed openings i in the roof of the kiln. Thus
a warm air current suitable for absorbing moisture, passes in an upward direction
through the shaft of the kiln.
In a similar manner the charcoal in the interior of the kiln may also be cooled,
the operation then being such that after the carbonising has been completed, the
fire doors and the upper end of the heating pipes are opened, so that a current of
cool air passes along under the bottom 6 and thence through the heating pipes.
Thus the drying of the wood, the carbonising of the same, and the cooling of
the charcoal obtained, can be carried out in one and the same chamber and with
a single charging.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is-
1. A charcoal kiln, in which the drying of the wood, or the like, the carbonising
of the same, and the cooling of the charcoal, can be effected at a single charging,
the characteristic feature of the kiln consisting in the arrangement of vertical
heating pipes located on a saddle-shaped bottom arranged above the furnace,
the lower ends of the heating pipes being inserted into this bottom, and the top
ends being provided with dampers for regulating the distribution of the heat,
substantially as described.
2. My improved charcoal kiln substantially as hereinbefore described and shewn
in the drawing
Dated this 30th day of September 1899
ERNEST DE PASS,
Chartered Patent Agent,
78, Fleet Street London, and 5A, Market Street, Nottingham,
Agent for the Applicant.
ERNEST DE PASS,
Chartered Patent Agent,
78, Fleet Street London, and 5a, Market Street, Nottingham,
Agent for the Applicant.