Improvements in Governors for Motive Power Engines.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Oct., 1892
Complete Specification Left. 3rd July, 1893—Accepted. 30th Sept., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Governors for Motive Power Engines.
I, WALTER PAYTON of 79 Sheen Park Richmond in the County of Surrey
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The said improvements relate to that kind of governor used for preventing the
speed of motive power engines becoming injuriously accelerated & the principal
object of such improvements is the construction of such a governor without rotating
parts, as when such parts are used considerable difficulty is found in arranging and
in maintaining in working order the ropes belts chains or other similar gearing
necessarily used for rotating them.
Iu arranging the said improvements for use as a governor for an engine actuated
by steam a small pump cylinder is mounted upon a base plate and has fitted to it a
piston having a piston-rod working through packed glands formed in the ends of the
cylinder.
The piston rod is coupled to the engine cross head or it is connected in any
convenient manner to some other part of the engine capable of giving to it and the
piston reciprocatory motion. The cylinder has both of its ends in communication
with an otherwise closed chamber and the cylinder and chamber are filled with oil,
water, or some other suitable liquid.
The piston and the passages connecting the ends of the cylinder with the said
chamber are so arranged as to permit of the piston when reciprocated in either
direction forcing the liquid out of one end of the cylinder into the chamber and
from thence into the other end of the cylinder.
On one side of the chamber is fitted a small cylinder containing a fluid-tight
piston one end of which is in contact with the liquid in the chamber and the other
end with the atmosphere and the piston is pressed into the chamber by an adjustable
spring or weight. One of the passages by which the liquid leaves the chamber is
much smaller than the other and its area is such as will require the pump piston to
exert pressure upon the liquid in order that it may be forced through it and out of
the chamber. The pressure so exerted upon the liquid will vary with every
variation of the speed of the piston and the liquid will at the same time exert a
varying pressure upon the end of the piston projecting into the chamber and when
such pressure exceeds the pressure of the spring or weight by which the piston is
pressed into the chamber the piston will move out of it & such motion can be made
available for operating appliances for checking the speed of the engine and
preventing it becoming injuriously accelerated.
The mechanism to be used for this purpose will necessarily depend upon the
nature of the appliances required to be operated which may be of any approved
kind but when a piston reciprocating in a steam cylinder is employed for the
purpose of closing or opening the throttle-valve of the engine or the like The
steam chest containing the valve by which such piston is caused to reciprocate is
mounted upon or otherwise connected to the bed plate and its valve's spindle is so
placed and arranged that projections formed upon a sleeve carried by the pump's
piston rod may be able to give the motions to the valve required for causing such
piston's reciprocations. The sleeve is connected to the pump's piston rod in a
way that will permit of its having a small angular motion upon the rod but no end
motion and the sleeve is connected to the piston projecting into the said chamber by
levers or other suitable appliances so arranged as will permit of the said piston
imparting to the sleeve the required angular motion when pressed out of its cylinder
by the liquid in the chamber.
The above mentioned parts are so constructed and arranged in relation to each

page_text: other and the engine to be governed that when the engine is in motion each of its
revolutions will cause the piston of the said pump to reciprocate and force the liquid.
in the cylinder alternately from one side of the piston to its other side in the manner
above described and the pressure of the liquid in the chamber caused by the
reciprocations of the piston will vary correspondingly with the varying speed of the
engine by which the piston is reciprocated.
The pressure of the liquid in the chamber will have no effect upon the piston
projecting into the chamber so long as such pressure does not exceed the resistance
of the spring or weight by which the piston is loaded but any excess in the speed of
the engine and the pump's piston connected to it sufficient to raise the pressure
of the liquid in the chamber beyond the amount of such resistance will cause the
piston to move out of the chamber and turn the sleeve upon the pump's piston rod
into the angular position required for operating the valve and setting in motion the
piston by means of which the throttle valve is closed and the acceleration of the
engine's speed prevented.
Dated this 3rd day of October 1009
WALTER PAYTON.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Governors for Motive Power Engines.
1 WALTER PAYTON of 138 Sheen Road (late 79 Sheen Park) Richmond in the
County of Surrey Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement reference being bad to the annexed two sheets of
drawings in which :-
Fig. 1 is a vertical section Fig. 2 a plan Fig. 3 a vertical section on line A
Fig. 1. Fig. 4 a vertical section on line B Fig. 5. Fig. 5 a side elevation Fig. 6
an end elevation and Figs. 7. 8. 9 illustrate one of the details of the said
invention.
When arranged for use as a governor for steam engines the body a has one of its
ends formed into the cylinder a¹ the outer end of which has fixed upon it in the
usual way the cover a³. Within the cylinder is fitted so as to be liquid tight the
piston keyed upon the piston rode by means of the key and the ends of
the cylinder are fitted with the glands c'c through which the piston rod passes, in
the usual way. The cylinder is in communication by means of the passages a³ at
with the chamber d formed as part of the cylinder and such chamber and cylinder
are entirely filled with water, glycerine, oil, or any other suitable liquid a mixture
of glycerine and water being preferred and an opening closed by a screwed stopper
is provided at d¹ to enable them to be so filled. The upper side of the chamber d
is faced and has fixed upon it the cylinder e within which is fitted so as to move
freely and yet be liquid tight the piston f. having its end f¹ enlarged so as to rest
upon the upper end of the cylinder and its lower end f³ projecting into the chamber d
and in contact with the liquid contained in it.
g
The cylinder f. is provided with a lug within which is pinjointed at the lever
to which is connected by pinjoint at g the rod h the lower end of which is freely
fitted in a hole bored in the base part of the body a at ¹. The rod / has fitted
upon it the washer and a part of it is screwed and has fitted upon it the adjusting
nut and between such washer and nut is placed the helical spring /* the use of
which is to exert continuous pressure upon the piston f. by means of the rod h and
the lever g. the latter of which is in contact with the piston at g' and the amount of
such pressure so exerted may be varied by turning the nut . The end of the
piston rod c is coupled to or connected in any convenient manner to a pump lever,
piston rod, or any other part of a steam engine required to be governed that is
suitable for giving a reciprocatory motion to the piston 6 and such piston when
or to and fro within the cylinder a¹ will force the liquid contained in it to pass

page_text: alternately from one end of the cylinder to its other end and through the chamber d.
When the piston is moving in the direction of the arrow shown in Fig. 1 the liquid
will pass into the chamber through the passage at and out of it through the smaller
passage a³ and in doing so the liquid will have an amount of pressure put upon it
by the piston which will vary exactly with all the variations in the speed of the
piston and such pressure will be exerted upon the piston f. and move upwards
and out of the cylinder e. whenever the pressure upon it exceeds the pressure put
upon the piston in the contrary direction at g³ by the helical spring .
No such pressure will however be put upon the piston f. when the piston bis
moved in the contrary direction as the liquid in the chamber d will not then be
raised in pressure but will pass out of it through the large passage a' as freely as it
enters it through the smaller opening a³.
The pressure in the chamber d obtained in the manner above described is an
exact measurement of the speed of the engine however much or little such speed
may vary and it may also be depended on to give motion to the piston f. whenever
the pressure exceeds the opposing pressure of the helical spring / such motion of the
piston f. may therefore be employed in many ways for the purpose of preventing
the speed of a steam engine becoming dangerously excessive but the arrangements
illustrated by the remaining part of the drawings have been found well suited for
the purpose and are therefore preferred.
In this part of the said invention the piston rod c is reduced at c and has fitted
upon it the sleeve k which reciprocates with the piston rod and is held in position
upon the rod by the collar cross pinned upon it at . The sleeve k is illustrated
separately by Figs. 7. 8. 9. and has formed upon it the projecting parts k* k³ and a
square hole is made in it at k in which the bar is fitted a part of which engages
in a recess cut in the piston rod c in the manner shown in Fig. 4. The bar k³ has
its upper end screwed and fitted with an adjusting nut between which and the sleeve
a helical spring is placed as shown at k Fig. 4 and the
purpose of this arrangement
is to enable the spring to turn the sleeve upon the piston rod through the small
angular distance represented by the dotted lines. The end of the body a is
fitted with the pillar m in the manner shown in Fig. 5 and the upper end of the
pillar has screwed upon it the bearing m¹ in which is pivoted one end of the rocking
shaft having its other end pivoted in the flange of the cylinder at n¹. The
rocking shaft is provided with an arm at n² which is pinjointed to the rod u which
is also pinjointed at 93 to the lever g. The rocking shaft n is also provided with
the arm P). the lower end of which is arranged to act as a detent to the sleeve k. and
hold it during its reciprocations in the position shown by line ke Fig. 4. and against
the pressure of the spring at k till such time as the piston f. has motion given to it
in the manner above described and whenever such motion takes place the piston f.
will by raising the lever g so as to give motion to the rocking shaft n cause the
detent P. to move away from the sleeve k and leave it free to be carried by its
spring from the position shown by line into that indicated by line 47. The pillar m
has fitted upon it the lever r which is provided with a handle at and a projection
at so constructed that during the reciprocations of the sleeve the projection A³
upon the sleeve shall not be able to come in contact with the projection so long
as the lever r, and the sleeve are in the positions shown by Figs. 2 and 4. but
whenever the action of the piston f. has moved the detent p and thereby allowed
the sleeve to assume the position indicated by line k' the projection k³ will turn into
the position shown by the dotted line Fig. 4 where it will be able to come into
contact with the projection and by so doing move the lever upon its axis m and
thereby give motion to any connecting rod jointed to it at or other appliance
which can or may be attached to it and used for setting in motion the throttle valve
ro other means used for checking or arresting the motion of the engine to which the
governor is attached.
The lever r may also be connected to the valve rod used for operating the throttle
valve described in the Specification of my invention No. 17635 Octr. 4th 1892.
The cylinder a' as depicted is four inches in diameter and the stroke of the piston

page_text: three inches dimensions which give good results but to which I do not confine
myself and the release of the sleeve k takes place about the middle of the stroke of
the piston at which place its speed and the corresponding pressure upon the liquid
are greatest.
Contact between the sleeve and the lever r takes place when the piston is moving
in the direction of the arrow Fig. 1. and near the end of its stroke and in order that
the sleeve may be restored to the position on the return stroke of the piston its
projection is made to move in contact with an incline formed at the s' end of the
plates which is secured to the body a as shown in Fig. 2 so as to turn the sleeve
upon the piston rod and allow the detent p. to again lock it in the normal position
shown in Fig. 4. and to ensure that such locking shall take place the arm n³ is
provided with a helical spring in the manner shown in Figs. 3. 4 and 5.
By adjusting the strength of the spring the governor may be made to act when
any predetermined maximum speed of the engine is exceeded.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is.
1st. In an engine governor of the class to which the said invention relates the
whole of the parts whereby motion is given to the piston f at such times as the
pressure of the liquid in the chamber d is in excess of the contrary pressure put
upon the said piston by the helical spring constructed combined and operating
as above described and illustrated by the drawings and for the purposes specified.
2nd. The parts comprised in the above claim in combination with the remaining
parts of the said invention or their equivalents constructed combined and operating
for the purposes specified in the manner above described and illustrated by the
drawings.
3rd. The engine governor as above described and illustrated by Figs. 1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7. 8. 9 or any mere modification of the same.
Dated this 3rd day of July 1893.
WALTER PAYTON.