IMPROVED FILTERING COMPOSITIONS AND IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERING VESSELS AND APPARATTUSES
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Julius Gustav Dahlke, of Kingsland Road, in the
County of Middlesex, Chemist, for the Invention of "IMPROVED FILTERING
COMPOSITIONS AND IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERING VESSELS AND APPARATTUSES."
Sealed the 27th July 1860, and dated the 4th February 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Julius Gustav Dahlke,
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 4th February 1860.
I, JULIUS GUSTAV DAHLKE, of Kingsland Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
FILTERING COMPOSITIONS AND IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERING VESSELS AND APPA.
BATUSES," to be as follows:-
My filtering composition is formed by combining in the manner herein-
after stated, silica impregnated or not with hydrated oxide of iron, pumice
stone and animal charcoal. The other ingredients serve to bind and unite
together those just mentioned.
Mixture No. 1.-I take by weight 1 part of fire clay in a state of fine
powder, part of boiled linseed or other like suitable oil, part of cold
tar, and mix till all the materials are well combined, and form a thick liquid.
Mixture No. 2.-I take by weight, 2 parts of the liquid prepared as above,
[Price Sd7

page_text: 1 part of boue dust, (the grain of which is regulated according to the
porosity to be produced in the composition,) 3 parts of pounded quartz, mix
together and heat up to a temperature of about 90° Fahrenheit; this com-
position is kneaded till the different materials forma well combined moist mass.
Mixture No. 3.-I take by weight 2 parts of animal charcoal in coarse
powder, part of pumice stone (less coarse,) part of mixture No. 1, and
work it in the same way as mixture No. 2.
The filtering composition.-I take 2 parts of mixture No. 2, and 1 part
of mixture No. 3, I work them well together and keep 3 days, more or less,
in a temperature of about 75° Fahrenheit, when the composition will be
sufficiently plastic to be easily moulded into any shape desired; I keep the
composition for about a week in a moderately warm room, when it will be
solid enough to be handled; I pack the composition in closed vessels and
expose it gradually, to heat in an oven up to a temperature of about 1200°
Fahrenheit at which I keep it for about 6 hours.
To make a filtering composition for other liquids than water, in some cases
I substitute for animal charcoal, vegetable charcoal, and for bone dust, some
other substances which when exposed to heat will shrink readily.
I construct a portable filter suitable for dressing and travelling cases by
attaching to a ring a bag of india-rubber, cloth, or other like waterproof
fabric, and by fitting into the bottom of the bag a disc of the filtering
composition herein-before described, or of other porous material. When
not required for use the bag collapses and with the filtering disc fits inside
the ring.
I form a portable syphon filter by fitting into a cylinder or other shaped
vessel a block of the filtering composition herein-before first described, or of
other suitable porous material in manner following:-The block has a central
aperture formed therein, extending.down about two-thirds of the length of the
block, a plug with an aperture through it is screwed air-tight through the top
of the vessel into the opening in the block, a space is left .between.the.block
and the sides and bottom of the vessel, two or more stoppers are inserted over
this space in the top or cover of the vessel, the bottom of the vessel is com-
posed of a plate of filtering material more porous than the internal filtering
block, a syphon tube is affixed to the plug, and in the tube I insert a tap or
stopper. Water is cleanser of its grosser impurities by the plate at bottom
before entering the vessel; should this plate become foul, it may be cleaned
by forcing in warm water through the stoppers in the top of the vessel.
For filtering water drawn from cisterns. tanks or other supply by a pump,

page_text: I place a filter between the supply and the pump constructed as follows:-
In a vessel open only to the inlet and outlet I fix at bottom a layer of any
known filtering medium, such as sand, pounded glass, sponge, and the like,
I leave a space above this layer and fit in the upper part of the vessel a
plate or plates of filtering composition or material. In order to cleanse
the lower layer, I cause a pipe terminating outside of the vessel and closed
by a screw stopper to communicate with the space between the two
filtering beds and force in hot or cold water which passing through the
lower bed and issuing through the ordinary inlet speedily cleanses the
filter. This filter is designed chiefly for ship use.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Julius Gustav Dahlke, in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 4th August 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JULIUS
GUSTAV DAHLKE, of Kingsland Road, in the County of Middlesex, Chemist,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Julius Gustav Dahlke, Her special licence that I, the said Julius Gustav
Dahlke, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Julius Gustav Dahlke, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED
FILTERING COMPOSITIONS AND IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTEEING VESSELS AND APPA-
RATUSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Julius Gustav
Dahlke, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seai Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately afte:
the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: To make a nitering composition for other liquids than water, in some cases,
I substitute for animal charcoal vegetable charcoal, and for bone dust some
other substance, such as sawdust, which, when exposed to heat, will shrink
readily.
I make also for certain purposes a filtering medium by having a layer of
loose animal charcoal between two plates made from the composition prepared
as first described.
I construct a portable filter suitable for dressing and travelling cases by
attaching to a ring a bag of india-rubber, cloth, or other like suitable water-
proof fabric, and by fitting into the bottom of the bag a disc of the filtering
composition herein-before described, or of other suitable porous material;
when not required for use the bag collapses, and, with the filtering disc,
fits inside the ring.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a sectional view of a portable
filter made in the manner just described; and Figure 2 is a similar view,
with the filter inserted in a jug for use. a is the metal ring; b, the india-
rubber bag; c, the filtering medium enclosed in the bag.
I form a portable syphon filter by fitting into a cylindrical or other shaped
vessel a block of the filtering composition herein-before first described, or of
other suitable porous material in manner following:-The block has a central
aperture formed in it extending down about two-thirds of the length of the
block; a plug, with an aperture through it is screwed air-tight through the
top of the vessel into the opening in the block, a space is left between
the block and the sides and the bottom of the vessel; two or more stoppers
are inserted over this space in the top or cover of this vessel. The bottom
of the vessel is composed of a plate of filtering material more porous than
the internal filtering block; a syphon tube is fixed to the plug, and in the
tube I insert a tap or stopper.
The
Figure 3 is a sectional elevation of a portable syphon filter made in the
manner just described. a is the upper filtering medium; b is the central
aperture formed therein; c is the hollow plug at the top of the case.
filtering medium a does not touch the sides of the case, but a space is left
between them, as shown at d; e, e, are stoppered holes leading into the space
marked d; f is the filtering material at the bottom of the vessel; g is a syphon
connected to the plug c. Water is cleansed of its grosser impurities by the
plate fat bottom before entering the vessel, and is further purified by the
filtering medium a before entering the syphon. Should this plate f become
foul it is cleaned by forcing in water through the holes e, e, in the top of
the vessel.

page_text: For filtering water drawn from cisterns, tanks, or other supply, I make use
of a filter constructed in the following manner:-In a vessel having openings
for the inlet and outlet, I fix at or near the bottom thereof a layer of any
known filtering medium, such as sand, pounded glass, porous stone, and the
like. I leave a space above this layer, and fit in the upper part of the vessel
a plate or plates of filtering composition or material. In order to cleanse the
lower layer, I cause a pipe terminating outside of the vessel to communicate
with the space between the two filtering beds, and force in clean water which
(the outlet for filtered water being shut by means of a cock fixed thereto)
passing through the lower bed, and issuing through an opening in the bottom
of the vessel (at other times closed by a screwed stopper, the ordinary inlet
being now turned off), speedily cleanses the filter.
Figure 4 is a sectional elevation of a filter constructed in the manner just
described. a, b, are pipes each in communication with a three-way cock c.
The compartment d, into which the pipe a leads, contains at its upper part
the filtering medium e, which is pressed against, and is strengthened by a
metal or other frame f, or this frame may be dispensed with. The pipe b
leads into the compartment g, containing another filtering medium h; i is a
pipe for the exit of pure water; % is a screwed stopper at the bottom of the
filter. Water is admitted or forced by the pipe a into the compartment d, the
said water percolates through the filtering medium into the compartment g,
thence through the second filtering medium h, and issues pure through the
pipe by a cock, or is led to any desired spot through a tube, pipe, or other-
wise. To clean the filter unscrew the stopper k, close the pipe a and pipe i
and force water through the pipe b into the compartment g; the water having
no exit except by the orifice k, is forced through the filtering medium e into
the compartment d, from whence it issues by the orifice k, carrying with it
the sediment contained in the compartment d.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First, the improved filtering composition formed by combining silica
(impregnated or not with hydrated oxide of iron), pumice stone and animal
charcoal, together with other ingredients for binding and uniting these
materials together, as herein before described.
Second, the filtering composition, the subject of the preceding claim,
modified by the substitution of vegetable for animal charcoal, or by the
substitution of sawdust or other like suitable material for bone dust.
Third, the construction of a portable filter, as herein-before described
and illustrated at Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawings.

page_text: Fourth, the construction of a portable syphon filter, in the manner
described and illustrated at Figure 3 of the accompanying Drawings.
And, fifth, the construction of a filter suitable for filtering water drawn
from tanks, cisterns, and other large supplies, in the manner described with
reference to Figure 4 of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Julius Gustav Dahlke, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fourth day of August, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty.
JULIUS G. DAHLKE. (L.S.)