Improvements in Creating Tenons on the Ends of the Rails of Door and other like Frames.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 31st Oct., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 23rd July, 1894-Accepted, 1st Sept.,
1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Creating Tenons on the Ends of the Rails of Door
and other like Frames.
I WILLIAM OSMENT of Sanford House Clapton in the County of Middlesex
Builder do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of my invention is to provide means whereby tenons can be created
on the ends of the rails of door and other like frames with great exactitude
regularity and uniformity and also very quickly and easily and I so arrange the
apparatus by which this object is effected that the tenons can be made of any size
and shape and at such distances apart as may be desired.
To carry out this object and to make the longitudinal cuts by which the tenons
are created I mount a shaft in preferably two bearings which are close together
near the middle of the length of such shaft and on this shaft outside the bearings
and preferably on both ends are keyed or otherwise attached on or to the shaft two
or more circular saws or cutters of the desired diameters which are kept the desired
distances apart by loose sleeves or collars of the proper lengths which can be passed
over and along the shaft and are interposed between the cutters and these cutters
obviously can be placed on and taken off the shaft without disturbing the same in
its bearings. When the desired number of cutters have been so placed on the
shaft with the required interposed collars they can all be tightened up and firmly
fixed in position by a screw nut on the end of the shaft or other ordinary appliances
and the shaft can be revolved by any suitable means.
The end of the rail can then be presented to these cutters either with the rail at
right angles to the shaft when it is desired to create rectangular tenons or to make
rectangular cuts or at an obtuse or acute angle therewith when it is desired to
create dovetailed or other non-rectangular tenons or to make inclined cuts and the
rail may be supported on an adjustable and it may be sliding table fitted if desired
with guides or other devices.
To make the transverse cuts by which the necessary parts of the end of the rail
are then removed in order to create the tenons I make two frames preferably
rectangular in plan which are hinged or jointed together along one of their edges
in which position a shaft is mounted. At or near the opposite edges of the twc
frames and parallel with this shaft are mounted two other shafts which by bands or
otherwise can both be revolved by the central shaft and on these two shafts
are small circular saws or cutters preferably on the ends thereof outside the frames.
This two-leafed hinged frame can be so opened as to maintain the cutters at the
same distance apart as are the places where the transverse cuts are to be made.
and this frame can be secured in this position by adjustable stays or other ordinary
appliances and the central shaft can be revolved by any suitable means.
The side of the rail can then be presented to these cutters with the rail it may be
parallel with the shafts so that the desired transverse cuts may be made in the
proper positions and the rail may be supported on an adjustable and it may be
sliding table fitted if desired with guides and supports or other devices.
In the same manner one or more other and similar frames with cutters may be
fitted when it may be desired to make three or more transverse cuts in different
positions at the same time.
Dated this 31st day of October 1803
HART & Co.,
186, Fleet Street, London, E.C., Agents.

page_text: Improvements in Creating Tenons on the Ends of the Rails of Door
and other like Frames.
I WILLIAM OSMENT of Sanford House Clapton in the County of Middlesex
Builder do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
The object of this my invention is to provide means whereby tenons can be
created on the ends of the rails of door and other like frames with great exactitude
regularity and uniformity and also very quickly and easily and I so arrange the
apparatus by which this object is effected that the tenons can be made of any size
and shape and at such distances apart as may be desired in each particular case.
In order the more clearly to explain this my invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed I refer to the accompanying drawing wherein
Figure 1 is a front elevation of my apparatus partly in section.
Figure 2 is a plan of this apparatus and Figure 3 is an end elevation of the same.
Figure 4 shews the end of a rail before treatment and Figures 5 shew the side
and the edge of the rail when the tenons according to one style have been created
thereon.
A suitable framing A of wood or metal or other material is made to support the
apparatus at the desired and convenient height.
Near the rear edge at one end of the top of the framing A is longitudinally
mounted an horizontal shaft B in suitable bearings C preferably two in number
which bearings C are close together and at or near the middle of the length of such
shaft B and this shaft B can be revolved and governed through fast and loose
pulleys B by any suitable power and by any convenient means and appliances.
On the overhung parts of the shaft B outside the bearings C and preferably as is
shewn in Figures 1 and 2 on both of such overhung ends thereof are keyed
or otherwise attached to or connected with such shaft B a desired number of
circular saws or such like cutters D of the desired diameters which cutters D are
kept the desired various or similar distances apart by loose sleeves or collars E of
the proper various or similar lengths which collars E can be passed over and along
the shaft B and are interposed between the cutters D and these cutters D obviously
can be placed on and taken off the shaft B without disturbing the same in its
bearings C and this is eminently desirable and advantageous as is indeed evident.
When the desired number of cutters D have been so placed on one of the overhung
ends of the shaft B with interposed collars E of the desired lengths they can all be
tightened up and firmly fixed in position by a screw nut E¹ on the end of the
shaft B or by other ordinary appliances or devices and when this shaft B is long
and therefore is extensively overhung it may sometimes be very advisable to
adjustably and removably mount on the framing A a centre piece or bracket F
which can in any customary manner be arranged to engage and support the extreme
end of the shaft B and thus render the same more rigid. A suitable table G
is provided for and with this apparatus at the front of or near the framing A which
table G may conveniently be adjustable in height and position after any usual and
suitable manner and this table G can perhaps preferably slide transversely or
at right angles to the line of the shaft B ou suitable V shaped or other bearing
bars H carried by and on the framing A and any suitable guides or other
ordinary devices which likewise may be adjustable can be fitted for and on this
table G.
Near the rear edge also but at the other end of the top of the framing A are
mounted two frames L it may be somewhat rectangular in plan which frames L are

page_text: pivoted together at their corresponding corners or ends or are hinged or jointed
together along or at one of their edges in or on the brackets M and these frames L
can be separated or can open book wise on their pivots in these brackets M while
the free edges thereof can be supported by an adjustable stay N or other such like
appliance or appliances properly erected or fitted on the framing A or elsewhere
therefor and so provided with any ordinary and suitable devices as to be capable of
maintaining the free edges of both of the frames L separately in their respective
required positions and I would state that I consider that the screw nuts shewn
in Figures 1 and 3 are extremely appropriate for this purpose. Near to and
parallel with the line of the centres or pivots in the brackets M whereon the
frames L can turn or move or as is perhaps preferable and as is shewn in drawing
in the same line as and between such centres or pivots in the brackets M may be
longitudinally mounted an horizontal shaft P in suitable bearings Q and this shaft P
likewise can be revolved and governed through fast and loose pulleys P¹ by any
suitable power and by any convenient means and appliances. At or near the free
edge of each of the frames L and parallel with the shaft P if any is mounted in
suitable bearings on such frame La shaft R the end whereof projects from and
beyond the side of the frame L so far as may be desirable or convenient in each
particular case and may also so project on either or both of the sides of this frame L
and on such projecting end of the shaft R is secured a small circular saw or
such like cutter S of the required diameter and both these shafts R can be revolved
and governed preferably from and by the shaft P by driving bands T round pulleys
on such shafts P and R as is shewn in the drawing or they may be otherwise
revolved and governed in any usual and convenient manner and through and by
any ordinary and suitable appliances and devices in every case in such wise that
they can be so revolved and governed whatever may be the angle that the frames L
make with each other and whatever may be the distance apart of the free edges of
such frames L and therefore of the shafts R. A suitable table V likewise is
provided for and with this apparatus at the front of or near the framing A which
table V also may conveniently be adjustable in height and position after any usual
and suitable manner and this table V can preferably slide transversely or at right
angles to the line of the shafts R on suitable V shaped or other bearing bars W
carried by and on the framing A and any suitable guides or other ordinary devices
which likewise may be adjustable can be fitted for and on this table V as also more
especially can be the fixed supporting blocks or brackets X on the outer edge
thereof.
This apparatus herein before described and all the several parts thereof can be so
formed and fitted and arranged as may be desired or as may be necessary in each
particular case and I shew in the accompanying drawing one arrangement thereof
which can be used and worked in the following manner to create those most usual
and customary tenons on the end of a rail of a door or other like frame that are
shewn in Figure 5.
The end of the rail that is to be treated. by this apparatus can be inade and
formed in any customary or other convenient manner as may be appropriate in each
particular case.
On the shaft B to the left of the bearings C are mounted five cutters D arranged
with such collars E and at such distances apart as is shewn in Figures 1 and 2 and
also on this shaft B but to the right of the bearings C are mounted six cutters D'
likewise arranged with such collars E and at such distances apart as is shewn in
Figures 1 and 2. The rail flat on its side is placed horizontally on the table Gat
a certain desired angle of inclination to and with the line of the shaft B so that
when the end of such rail is presented to and forced against the revolving cutters D
the inclined and bevelled cuts K' shewn by dotted lines in Figure 4 are made to the
desired depth or of the desired length and this angle of inclination of the rail can
be governed and its exactitude and repetition can be ensured wher desired by the
guides or such like devices fitted in the proper positions on the table G. When
these inclined and bevelled cuts K' have been so made the rail is retired and then

page_text: turned over and again flat on its side but in a reversed position is placed.
horizontally on the table G at right angles to and with the line of the shaft B so
that when the end of such rail is presented to and forced against the revolving
cutters D' the rectangular and longitudinal cuts K shewn by plain and dotted lines
in Figure 4 are made to the same depth as or of a corresponding length to the
aforesaid cuts K' and this position of the rail likewise can be governed and its
exactitude and repetition can be ensured when desired by the guides or such like
devices fitted in the proper positions on the table G.
When these rectangular and longitudinal cuts K have been so made the rail is
again retired and then turned up on its edge and is placed on the table V
longitudinally or at right angles or thereabouts to its last position and if the length
of the rail necessitates such action or whenever it may be desired so to do the
table G can be removed and the nearer bearing bar H' thereof being longitudinally
divided and hinged together therefor as is shewn in Figure 1 can be turned down
out of the way so that this rail can rest on the table V being very conveniently
supported in position by the brackets X. The frames L are so separated and
supported by the stay N that the lower cutter S is maintained at the same height
above and distance from the table V as that place where the rectangular and transverse
cut K² is to be made is above and from the outer edge of the rail and that the two
cutters S are maintained at the same distance apart as are those places where the
two rectangular and transverse cuts K2 are to be made in the rail or that is to say
the approaching edges of such cutters S are exactly the same distance apart as the
breadth of one of the tenons that are to be created on the rail. The cutters S also
are of the proper diameters duly to make these rectangular and transverse cuts K²
or that is to say one of such cutters S can very conveniently be of exactly the same
size diametrically as the breadth of the space between the two tenons that are to
be created on the rail. The rail then as aforesaid is placed on its edge hori-
zontally on the table V parallel or thereabouts with the line of the shafts R so that
when the side of such rail is presented to and forced against the revolving cutters S
the rectangular and transverse cuts K2 shewn by plain lines in Figure 4 are made
and this position of the rail likewise can be governed and its exactitude and
repetition can be ensured when desired by the guides or such like devices fitted in
the proper positions on the table V.
Thus according to this arrangement of the apparatus and this method of using
and working the same as hereinbefore described not only have the tenons been
properly created according to the style that is shewn in Figure 5 but the material
that has been cut out of the end of the rail to so create the tenons has simultaneously
been formed into wedges and all this is eminently desirable and advantageous as is
indeed evident..
I have thus described and I have shewn in the accompanying drawing what
I consider to be an extremely efficient and convenient and perhaps most generally
preferable arrangement of this my apparatus and of the several parts thereof and
a most desirable and advantageous method of using and working the same especially
when it is required to create tenons of the most usual and customary style but I
would at the same time have it clearly understood as is indeed sufficiently obvious
that do in no wise limit myself exactly and precisely thereto. For example it
may sometimes be desired to create the tenons without forming wedges from the
material that has to be cut out of the end of the rail in which case only three
cutters D would be needed to make in manner as is hereinbefore described the
required three rectangular and longitudinal cuts K and these three cutters D
would be arranged on the shalt B with such interposed collars E and at such
distances apart as may be necessary. Again it may sometimes be desired to create
more than the two tenons on the end of the rail shewn in Figure 5 in which case
the corresponding and appropriate number of cutters D with the necessary inter-
posed collars E would be properly arranged and similarly secured in manner as is
hereinbefore described on and to the shaft B and another frame or other frames
similar in all respects to the frames L hereinbefore described and additional thereto

page_text: -
or supplementary thereof would be fitted and mounted in the same manner and with
the same appliances and devices and all these frames L would be similarly
supported and maintained in the required absolute and relative positions so that
the cutters S thereof being of the proper diameters may similarly make the three
or more rectangular and transverse cuts K² that may be needed. Again dovetailed
or inclined or other non-rectangular tenons may sometimes be desired in which case
the appropriate number of cutters D would be used in manner as is herein before
described to make the required number of inclined and bevelled cuts K' while any
cutters D would or would not be needed to make any rectangular and
longitudinal cuts K according as any such cuts K are or are not required and the
cuts K2 likewise while they are and must be transverse obviously need not
necessarily be rectangular but when desired may be inclined and bevelled which
can be effected by inclining the rail when presented to and forced against the
cutters S away from and out of the horizontal position or the longitudinal and
parallel position herein before described or it may be when desired away from and
out of both the horizontal and the longitudinal and parallel positions.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1. In an apparatus for creating tenons on the ends of the rails of door and other
like frames a revoluble shaft B mounted in central bearings C on a framing A
adjustable cutters D placed on and connected with the overhung end or ends of
such shaft B and collars E interposed between such cutters D in combination with
adjustable frames L hinged or pivoted on a framing A revoluble shafts R mounted
on such frames L and cutters S secured on the projecting ends of such shafts R
means being provided whereby the shafts R can be simultaneously revolved and
also can be maintained at the required elevations and at the required distance
apart substantially as and for the purposes herein before described and declared.
2. The arrangement and combination of parts and appliances constituting the
improvements in creating tenons on the ends of the rails of door and other like
frames substantially as hereinbefore described and shewn in the accompanying
drawing.
Dated this 9th day of July 1894.