Improvements in the Manufacture of the Runners and Top Notches of Umbrellas and Parasols.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Mar., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 21st Nov., 1892-Accepted, 31st Dec., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of the Runners and Top Notches
of Umbrellas and Parasols.
We, WILLIAM HOLLAND, of the firm of Cox, Brothers and Holland, of Percy
Road Greet, in the County of Worcester, Manufacturers and WILLIAM HOLLAND
the Younger, of No. 55 Grantham Road, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manager of Works, and ARTHUR LEIGHTON SMART of Durham Road, Sparkbrook
near Birmingham aforesaid, Tool Maker do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
Our invention consists of the improvements hereinafter described in manufacturing
the runners and top notches of umbrellas and parasols.
Our improvements in the manufacture of ruuners consist in making the notch or
notch ring at one end and the beading at the other end of the barrel or tubular part
of the runner both solid to or in one piece with the said barrel or tubular part by a
combination of drawing through and shaping and piercing processes conducted sub-
stantially in the following manner.
We take a thick circular disc of brass or other hard and ductile metal or alloy and
by the ordinary drawing through process form it into a cup. We take this cup and
so operate upon it by the use of a press and a series of pressing or shaping dies
and drawing through punches that a thin tube closed at one end is formed from the
said cup, a ring or collar of the thickness of the original cup being left at the mouth.
of and external to the tube and the closed end of the tube being also left of the
thickness of the original cup, the metal at the said closed thickened end being
disposed within the tube so as to diminish its internal diameter at that part. The
internally thickened closed end of the tube is produced by using drawing through.
punches having contracted or tapering ends so that no thinning or drawing down
of the metal at the closed end of the cup and tube takes place during the drawing
through operations.
There is thus formed a thin tube forming the barrel of the finished runner having
an external thick ring or collar at its mouth and a thick closed bottom. The thick.
ring at the mouth of the tube is flattened and expanded and shaped in dies so
as to form the notch ring of the runner, the solid notch ring thus made being
converted into the notch of the runner by grooving and notching it in the
ordinary way.
In order to form the beading of the runner a portion of the metal at the closed
end of the tube is so expanded and displaced as to form an external beading at the
said closed end. By the displacing of the metal to form the beading the bottom
of the tube is made of the same internal diameter as the other part.
The closed bottom of the tube is next pierced out concentric with the internal
diameter of the tube thereby leaving the solid beading at the bottom of the tube.
A runner is in this manner formed, its barrel having at top a notch ring and at
bottom a beading both solid to the said barrel.
Instead of making the notch ring from the thick ring or collar left at the
mouth of the tube, the said notch ring may be made from the expanded thick.
bottom of the tube and the beading from the thick external ring or collar at the
mouth of the tube.
In making top notches according to our invention we take a thin tube having
a solid ring or collar or projection at each end made in the same manner as the
runner tube and its ring or collar and beading herein before described, and we divide
the thin tube transversely at its middle so as to produce therefrom two partly made
top notches, each partly made top notch having a solid ring or collar at one end.

page_text: By a shaping process the solid ring or collar is converted into a notch ring which
is grooved and notched in the ordinary way.
Dated the 5th day of March 1800
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of the Runners and Top Notches
of Umbrellas and Parasols.
We WILLIAM HOLLAND, of the firm of Cox Brothers and Holland, of Percy
Road Greet, in the County of Worcester, Manufacturers, and WILLIAM HOLLAND
the Younger of No. 55 Grantham Road, Birmingham in the County of Warwick,
Manager of Works, and ARTHUR LEIGHTON SMART, of Durham Road, Spark-
brook near Birmingham aforesaid Tool Maker do hereby declare the nature of our
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention consists of the improvements hereinafter described in manufacturing
the runners and top notches of umbrellas and parasols.
Our improvements in the manufacture of runners consist in making the notch or
notch ring at one end and the beading at the other end of the barrel or tubular
part of the runner both solid to or in one piece with the said barrel or tubular part
by a combination of drawing through and shaping and piercing processes conducted
substantially in the following manner.
We take a thick circular disc of brass or other hard and ductile metal or alloy
and by the ordinary drawing through process form it into a cup. We take this
cup and so operate upon it by the use of a press and a series of pressing or shaping
dies and drawing through punches that a thin tube closed at one end is formed
from the said cup, a ring or collar of the thickness of the original cup being left
at the mouth of and external to the tube and the closed end of the tube being also
left nearly of the thickness of the original cup, the metal at the said closed
thickened end being disposed within the tube so as to diminish its internal diameter
at that part. The internally thickened closed end of the tube is produced by using
drawing through punches having contracted or tapering ends so that no thinning or
drawing down of the metal at the closed end of the cup and tube takes place
during the drawing through operations.
There is thus formed a thin tube forming the barrel of the finished runner
having an external thick ring or collar at its mouth and a thick closed bottom. The
thick ring at the mouth of the tube is flattened and expanded and shaped in dies so
as to form the notch ring of the runner, the solid notch ring thus made being
converted into the notch of the runner by grooving and notching it in the
ordinary way.
In order to form the beading of the runner a portion of the metal at the closed
end of the tube is so expanded and displaced as to form an external beading at the
said closed end. By the displacing of the metal to form the beading the bottom
of the tube is made of the same internal diameter as the other part. The
closed bottom of the tube is next pierced out with a hole of the same internal
diameter as the tube, thereby leaving the solid beading at the bottom of the tube.
A runner is in this manner formed, its barrel having at top a notch ring and at
bottom a beading both solid to the said barrel.
Instead of making the notch ring from the thick ring or collar left at the
mouth of the tube the said notch ring may be made from the expanded thick
bottom of the tube and the beading from the thick external ring or collar at the
mouth of the tube.
In making top notches according to our invention we take a thin tube having a
solid ring or collar or projection at each end made in the same manner as the

page_text: runner tube and its ring or collar and beading herein before described, and we
divide the thin tube transversely at its middle so as to produce therefrom, two
partly made top notches, each partly made top notch having a solid ring or collar
at one end. By a shaping process the solid ring or collar is converted into a notch
ring which is grooved and notched in the ordinary way.
We will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying drawing
the manner in which our invention is to be performed.
The partly made runners and top notches represented in the accompanying
drawing are drawn to a large scale.
In making a runner according to our invention we take a thick circular disc of
brass or other hard and ductile metal or alloy, and by the ordinary drawing through
process we form it into the cup represented in elevation, vertical section and
horizontal section in Figure 1. We take the cup Figure 1 and by the operation of
a top pressing die and the fixed drawing through die, and a drawing through punch,
working through the said top pressing die we elongate the said cup leaving at its
open end or mouth and external thereto, a ring or collar nearly of the thickness of
the original cup Figure 1. The cup after the last described treatment is repre-
sented in elevation, vertical section and horizontal section in Figure 2, where the.
thick ring or collar external to the mouth of the cup is marked a. By further
drawing through operations the cup Figure 2 is first converted into the elongated
cup represented in elevation vertical section and horizontal section in Figure 3 and
afterwards into the thin tube, closed at one end represented in clevation, vertical
section and horizontal section in Figure 4, the closed end of the tube being left
nearly of the thickness of the original cup as represented in the vertical section
Figure 4, where it will be seen that the metal at the said closed thickened end is
disposed within the tube so as to diminish the internal diameter at that end.
During the drawing operations by which the cup is elongated and the closed
thickened end of the tube formed, the external collar a is not operated upon by
the fixed drawing through dies and plungers, a pressing die similar to that by which
the collar a was made being used with each successive drawing through die and
plunger the plunger passing through the pressing die before it enters the drawing
through die.
The internally thickened end or bottom of the tube Figure 4 is produced by
using drawing through punches or plungers having contracted or tapering ends so
that no thinning or drawing down of the metal at the closed end of the cup
Figure 3 and thinned tube Figure 4 takes place.
By the operations described there is formed a thin tube forming the barrel of
the runner having a solid external ring or collar a at its mouth and a thick closed
end or bottom b.
The thick ring a at the top of the tube is next flattened and expanded and shaped
in dies so as to form the notch ring of the runner and the barrel of the runner is
further elongated and its thickness reduced. The partly made runner after it has
been operated upon in the manner last described is represented in elevation and
vertical section in Figure 5 where the solid notch ring is marked a, the barrel is
marked c and the thick closed end is marked b.
The solid notch ring a thus made is converted into the notch of the runner by
grooving it as represented in Figure 6 and cross notching it in the ordinary way.
In order to form the beading of the runner from the thick end 6 Figure 5 we
proceed as follows-A portion of the metal of the thick closed end of the runner
is expanded and displaced by pressing tools so as to form an external bending
at the closed end as represented in elevation and vertical section in Figure 6 where
the beading is marked d. It will be seen by an examination of Figure 6 that by
the displacing of the metal to form the external beading d at the closed end of the
tube the bottom of the tube is made of the same internal diameter as the other
part. The closed bottom of the tube Figure 6 is next pierced or cut out thereby
leaving the solid beading d at the open bottom as represented in elevation and
vertical section in Figure 7. By a further pressing or shaping operation the

page_text: figure of the beading d is perfected and the internal diameter of the bead part
made the same as that of the tube as represented in elevation, vertical section and
horizontal section in Figure 8..
There is thus formed a runner having at the top of its barrel a notch ring a and
at the bottom of its barrel a beading d both solid to the said barrel.
The notch ring of the runner may be made from the expanded thick bottom of
the runner tube Figure 7 and the beading from the thick external ring or collar
at the mouth of the runner tube, but we prefer to carry this part of our invention
into effect in the manner herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawing.
In making top notches according to our invention we proceed as follows:-
We raise from a disc of metal the cup represented in Figure 9 and form a solid
external ring or collar a at the mouth of the said cup as represented in Figure 10
and afterwards elongate the tubular part of the said cup and reduce its diameter
and thickness of metal, thereby forming a short tube having a solid ring or collar
at its mouth and a thick closed bottom as represented in Figure 11, the process
being the same as that described in making runners and illustrated in Figures 12
and 3. The cup or tube Figure 11 is cut transversely at its middle as illustrated
in Figure 12 so as to produce therefrom two partly made top notches marked
respectively and f. From the ring or collar a on the divided part e of the tube
Figure 12, the notch ring is made in the manner herein before described with
respect to the notch ring of a runner and from the thick bottom of the other part f
of the divided cup or tube Figure 12 the notch ring of that part is made in the
following manner. The bottom of the part of the cup or tube is further
thickened at the sides by forcing a portion of the metal from the cup into the said
sides as illustrated in Figure 13 and after piercing or cutting out the closed
bottom the notch ring is made by shaping tools from the said bottom as illustrated
in Figure 14 where the partly made notch ring is marked g. The two top notches
thus made from one blank or cup are finished in the ordinary way.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our inven-.
tion and the manner in which the same is to be performed we declare that we claim
as our invention of "Improvements in the manufacture of the runners aud top
notches of umbrellas and parasols":
י
First Manufacturing runners of umbrellas and parasols from thick circular
discs of brass or other hard and ductile metal or alloy by the combination of
drawing through and shaping and piercing or cutting out processes conducted sub-
stantially in the manner hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 1 to 8
both inclusive of the accompanying drawing whereby a barrel or tubular part is
provided with a notch ring at one end and a beading at the other end, the said
notch ring and beading being solid to or in one piece with the said barrel or tubular
part substantially as described and illustrated.
Secondly Manufacturing top notches by taking a tube or cup, made by a com-
bination of drawing through and pressing operations, having a solid external ring
or collar at its mouth and a thickened closed end or bottom and dividing the tube
or cup transversely at its middle so as to produce therefrom two partly made top
notches, the notch ring of one of the partly made top notches being made from the
collar at one end thereof and the notch ring of the other partly made top notch
being made from the thickened bottom of that part substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated in Figures 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of the accompanying
drawing.
Deted the Civil J
100
WILLIAM HOLLAND.
WILLIAM HOLLAND, JR.
ARTHUR LEIGHTON SMART.