Improvements in the Process of Treating and Scouring Wool and other Materials Containing Greasy, Oily, or Fatty Matters, and; in Machinery Applicable thereto.
Year: 1888

page_text: the decision of the Comptroller-General, of the 7th day of July 1892, allowed,.
under Section 18 of the Patents, &c. Act, 1883, an Amendment of this
Specification.
-
Date of Application, 29th Nov., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 29th Aug., 1889-Accepted, 19th Oct., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Process of Treating and Scouring Wool and
other Materials Containing Greasy, Oily, or Fatty Matters, and;
in Machinery Applicable thereto.
We GEORGE LEWIS PHIPPS. EYRE of 1 John Street, Bedford Row, in the County}
of Middlesex Solicitor, and THOMAS JOHN. HOPKINS of Cradle Bridge Works, Trow-:
bridge, in the County of Wilts, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this.
invention to be as follows:-
this invention relates principally to the extraction of oil and fat, and oily and fatty
inatters from wool, but it is also equally applicable to the extraction of oily and fatty.
matters from woollen yarns or fabrics, and such other fibrous material or mixtures of
materials as are from their nature affected in colour or quality when compounds of
carbon are used for the purpose of extracting such oily and fatty matters, and .are
subsequently removed from the material under treatment by the slow process of
admitting steam or using other means of raising the temperature to the respective
boiling points of such carbon compounds, and so driving them off by evaporation.
+
The object of this invention is to provide suitable apparatus and a process whereby
oily and fatty matters may be extracted by the use of carbon compounds as solvents
of the greasy, oily or fatty matters, without employing heat; and so causing injury to
the materials operated upon, and by which process and apparatus the fatty matters
and the solvent employed are removed from the materials under treatment; the solvent
and the vapours given off therefrom being afterwards recovered by distillation and
condensation and used in subsequent operations, thus effecting great economy, and
preventing the noxious or poisonous vapours from 'escaping into the works or factory'
where the operation is carried on.
:
.:
According to this invention a centrifugal drying machine of special construction is!
furnished with a cover fitting into a groove filled with water which surrounds the,
top of the machine, forming an effective water seal. Inside the machine is placed a
perforated or reticulated cage or basket attached to the spindle of the machine so as to
le. a.fixture thereon, and if required, carrying smaller cages or baskets hung around
its circumference in such a way that they may be detached and lifted into and out of
position as desired, the main cage or basket being capable of revolving within the
machine. Into this cage or basket, or into the said smaller cages or baskets, the
material to be treated is placed, and the cover adjusted, and carbon bisulphide (herein-
after designated as the agent) is admitted through suitable pipes leading into the
ottom of the outer case of the machine, until the machine is filled, the displaced air
or other vapour passing off by means of a suitable, vent or displacement pipe. In its
passage through or around the material the Agent dissolves, separates, or removes
the oily and fatty matters contained therein, and is then allowed to run off through
suitable pipes leading from the bottom of the outer' case of the machine into a reservoir
or tank; when the bulk has run off, the cage or basket is revolved so as to throw off
from the material as much as possible of the oily and fatty matters and the Agent

page_text: mixed therewith, which runs into the aforementioned reservoir or tank and from
thence is pumped or otherwise passed into a still. Here heat is applied preferably by
a steam coil pipe and the Agent recovered by distillation in the ordinary manner.
When the mixed Agent and oily and fatty matters has run off, water under
pressure or otherwise is admitted into the machine in the same manner as the Agent
for the purpose of cleansing the material, and of washing out any Agent or mixed
agent and fatty matter which may remain in the material under treatment, and the
cage or basket again revolved driving off the resulting liquid into an intermediate
tank, where the agent falls by its gravity to the bottom and is carried off by a small
pipe into a final catch tank, the revolving basket being afterwards again set in action
until the material is dry. To assist this operation, a fan or blower is employed, or
other suitable means are adopted for producing a current of air. The air is passed
into the machine through an air valve in the centre of a dome shaped chamber
formed or fitted in the centre of the cover of the machine and is guided by suitable
baffles on the inside of the cover down the inner side of the cage, and escapes
through the material under treatment and passes out of the machine by a suitable
collector fixed upon the bottom and side of the outer case into a pipe or tube, the air
being thus made to pass through the material as it is revolving with the cage.
During the process the displaced air and any vapour given off by the agent, and
the air used in drying, are led by suitable pipes or tubes either through the inter-
mediate tank, or directly to a condensing apparatus, the uncondensed residue being
drawn by a fan working within a tank to a scrubber or receptacle into which a jet or
spray of water is discharged so as to throw down any remaining vaporized agent;
the remainder of the vapour being now practically free from the agent, passes into an
uptake or chimney discharging into the open air above the building, the discharge.
being facilitated by a steam jet or similar means if found necessary. The condenser,
fan, and scrubber discharge into the catch tank.
All the reservoirs or tanks used for the storage or reception of the agent are con-
structed with hermetically sealed covers, and each opens into a vent pipe carried
above the roof of the building to lead off the air displaced from the tanks by the
entry of the agent therein. To prevent the evaporation of the agent it is necessary to
keep the same under water, and it is also necessary to know exactly how much of the
agent is contained in any given tank. For this purpose each tank is provided with
a float resting on the top of the water connected by a rod to a horizontal arm passing
through a suitable gland or stuffing box in the side of the tank. Outside the tank
this arm carries a second rod parallel to the rod within the tank and duplicating its
motion. To this second rod is attached a vertical rod moving in guides, and carrying.
two contact makers, which complete an electrical circuit and actuate a bell or gong
when the float is in its highest or its lowest position. This vertical rod also actuates
a pointer moving over a graduated are by means of a pin working in a slot, so that
the quantity of liquid within the tank can be ascertained at any time.
A sight gauge
is also affixed to the tank and provided with a vernier to indicate the quantity of
liquid used in any given period. The tank into which the mixed agent and oily and
fatty matters are led is further provided with a perforated diaphragm fixed slantwise
across the interior of the tank, so as to intercept any wool or other material which
may be driven off by the action of the revolving basket.
This invention and the arrangement of mechanism or machinery herein described
can also be used for the purposes indicated in combination with the employment
of agents other than Bi-sulphide of Carbon, but having the same or analogous
properties.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (AMENDED).
Improvements in the Process of Machinery for Treating and Scouring
Wool and other Materials Containing Greasy, Oily, or Fatty
Matters. and in-Machinery Applicable thereto.
We, GEORGE LEWIS PHIPPS EYRE, of 1 John Street, Bedford Row, in the County
of Middlesex, Solicitor and THOMAS JOHN HOPKINS, of Cradle-bridge Works, Trow-
bridge, in the County of Wilts, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
This invention relates principally to the extraction of oil and fat, and oily and fatty
matters from wool, but it is also equally applicable to the extraction of oily and
fatty matters from woollen yarns or fabrics, and such other fibrous material or mixtures
of materials as are from their nature affected in colour or quality when known
agents such as bisulphide of carbon or similar solvents are used for the purpose of
extracting such oily and fatty matters, and are subsequently removed froin the
material under treatment by the slow process of admitting steam or using other
means of raising the temperature to the respective boiling points of such solvents and
so driving them off by evaporation.
The object of this invention is to provide suitable apparatus and a process whereby
oily and fatty matters may be extracted by the use of bisulphide of carbon or similar
solvents of the greasy, oily, or fatty matters, without employing heat, and so causing.
injury to the materials operated upon, and by which process and apparatus the fatty
matters and the solvent employed are removed from the materials under treatment,
the solvent and the vapours given off therefrom being to as large an extent as
practicable afterwards recovered and used in subsequent operations thus effecting
great economy, while the noxious or poisonous vapours are prevented from escaping
into the works or factory where the operation is carried on.
According to this invention, 4 centrifugal drying machine of improved construction
such as hereinafter described is furnished with a lid or cover fitting into a groove
filled with water which surrounds the top of the machine, forming an effective water
seal, and in this lid or cover is fixed a water spray arrangement as hereinafter
referred to. Inside the machine is placed a perforated or reticulated cage or basket
attached to the spindle of the machine so as to be a fixture thereon and if required
carrying smaller cages or baskets hung around its internal circumference in such a way
that they may be detached and lifted into and out of position as desired, the main cage
or basket being capable of revolving within the machine. Into this cage or basket, or
into the said smaller cages or baskets, or into all of them the material to be treated
is placed, and the cover adjusted, and carbon bisulphide or similar solvent (hereinafter
designated as the agent) is admitted through suitable pipes leading into the top side
or bottom of the outer case of the machine, until the machine'is filled, the displaced'
air or other vapour being allowed to pass off by means of a suitable vent or displace-
ment pipe. In its passage through or around the material the agent dissolves,,
separates, or removes the oily and fatty matters contained therein, and it is then
allowed to run off through suitable pipes leading from the bottom of the outer case of
the machine into a reservoir or tank.
When the bulk has run off, the cage or basket is revolved so as to throw off from
the material as much as possible of the oily and fatty matters and the agent mixed
therewith which run into the aforementioned reservoir or tank and from thence the
resulting liquid is pumped into a tank above the centrifugal to be used again in sub-
sequent operations until super saturated with such oily and fatty matters when it is
pumped into or otherwise passed into a still. Here heat is applied preferably by a
steam coil pipe or steam jacket and the agent recovered by distillation by means of
suitable distilling apparatus in the ordinary manner, leaving the oily and fatty matter
in the still to be afterwards dealt with. When the mixed agent and oily and fatty

page_text: '
matters have run off from the centrifugal machine it is stopped and water under pressure
or otherwise is admitted into the machine in the same manner as the agent, for the
purpose of cleansing the material, and of washing out any agent or mixed agent and
oily and fatty matters which may remain in the material under treatment, and the
resulting liquid is allowed to run off into an intermediate tank, where the agent falls
by its gravity to the bottom and is carried off by a pipe into a final catch tank. After
this resulting liquid has run off the revolving basket is again set in motion and then
water is admitted to the inside of the centrifugal machine through the spray arrange-
ment which is fixed to the inside of the lid or cover for the purpose of aiding in the
dispelling of any remaining agent from the material under treatment, and at the same
time it condenses the vapour formed in the centrifugal machine while in motion leaving
the machine by the outlet which is closed or opened by means of the stopcock provided
for that purpose on the side of the casing and communicating with the intermediate
tank last aforesaid and when the spray has been sufficiently applied, it is turned off and
the revolving basket continues in action until the material is sufficiently dry. To assist
this last operation, a fan or blower is employed or other suitable means are adopted
for producing a current of air. The air is passed into the machine through an air
valve in the centre of a dome shaped chamber formed or fitted in the centre of
the cover of the machine and is guided by suitable baffles on the inside of the cover
down the inner side of the cage, and escapes through the material under treatment,
and passes out of the machine by a suitable collector fixed upon the bottom and side
of the outer case into a pipe or tube, the air being thus made to pass through the
material as it is revolving with the cage.
During the process, the displaced air and any vapour given off by the agent, and
the air used in drying, are led by suitable pipes or tubes either through the inter-
mediate tank last referred to, or to a condensing apparatus, the uncondensed residue
being drawn by a fan working within a tank or by an exhauster to a scrubber or
receptacle into which a jet or spray of water is discharged so as to throw down any
remaining vaporised agent; the remainder of the vapour being now practically free
from the agent passes into an uptake or chimney discharging into the open air above
the building, the discharge being facilitated by a steam jet or similar means if found
necessary. The condenser fan, and scrubber discharge the recovered agent into the
catch tank.
All the reservoirs or tanks used for the storage or reception of the agent are con-
structed with man-holes and hermetically sealed covers, and each opens into a vent
pipe carried above the roof of the building to lead off the air displaced from the tanks
by the entry of the agent therein. To prevent the evaporation of the agent it is
necessary to keep the same under water, and it is also necessary to know exactly how
much of the agent' is contained in any given tank. For this purpose each tank is
provided with a float resting on the top of the water connected by a rod to a hori-
zontal arm passing through a suitable gland or stuffing box in the side of the tank.
Outside the tank this arm carries a second rod parallel to the rod within the tank and
duplicating its motion. To this second rod is attached a vertical rod moving in
guides, and carrying two contact makers, which complete an electrical circuit and
actuate a bell or gong when the float is in its highest or its lowest position. This
vertical rod also actuates a pointer moving over a graduated arc by means of a pin
working in a slot in the said vertical rod, so 'that the quantity of liquid within the
tank can be ascertained at any time. A sight gauge is also affixed to the tank and
provided with a vernier scale and pointer to indicate the quantity of liquid used in any
given period; for more correct calculations a mercurial gauge may be employed. The
tank into which the mixed agent and oily and fatty matters are led is further provided
with a perforated diaphragm fixed slantwise across the interior of the tank, so as to
intercept any wool or other 'material which may be driven off by the action of the
revolving basket.
Each of the pumps which are used specially for pumping the agent is enclosed
in a suitable hermetically sealed casing or frame work provided with glass to enable
the action of the pump" to be observed, it is further provided with a vent pipe and

page_text: stop cock communicating with either of the agent tanks or the common vent pipe
above referred to and also with a steam jet communicating with the inside of the
casing or framework for the purpose of clearing away any vapour which may be
therein and so enabling necessary repairs to be readily made without any noxious
escape of such vapour.
As a further mode of recovering any of the agent which may be left in the wool
or other material after it is removed from the centrifugal machine into the washing
machine an automatic agent separator or trap is affixed to or communicates with the
outlet pipe of the washing machine so as to carry off the agent which by its greater
specific gravity separates itself from the water in its passage from the washing
machine. This trap consists of a pipe or casing with a longitudinal diaphragm from
side to side for part of its length with an outlet pipe above and below. the diaphragin
at one end and an inlet pipe at the other end.
This invention and arrangement of mechanism or machinery herein described can
also be applied to fabrics or other materials containing greasy matters for the
purposes indicated in combination with the employment of agents other than
bisulphide of carbon but having the same or analogous properties.
And in order that our invention may be more fully understood and carried into
practice, we will proceed to describe the same with reference to the accompanying
drawings, in which similar letters are used to indicate corresponding parts in all the
figures.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of our specially constructed centrifugal drying
machine; Figure 2 is an elevation of a segment of the outer case of our centrifugal
machine; Figure 3 is an elevation of the storage tanks or reservoirs, and shews the
means adopted for preventing the undue evaporation of the agent employed;
Figure 4 is a detailed partly sectional view of one of the storage tanks; Figure 5
is a plan of Figure 4; Figure 6 is a plan shewing the general arrangement of the
principal parts of the mechanism employed in this process; Figure 7 is an end
elevation of the centrifugal machine A shewn in Figure 6; Figure 8 is an elevation
of the intermediate tank B (Fig. 6), Figure 9 is an enlarged vertical section on the
line XX (Fig. 6), Figure 10 is an enlarged vertical section on the line Y Y
(Fig. 6) Figure 11 is a vertical section on the line Z Z (Fig. 6); and Figures. 12
to 16 are detail views of the centrifugal machine.
The revolving cage or basket C of the centrifugal drying machine is formed with
a conical boss D whereby it can be fixed upon the spindle in the well known_manner
and which spindle is rotated by any suitable motive power. The cover E of the
centrifugal is made preferably of the shape shewn in Figure 1, the dome shaped
centre conforming to the shape of the boss D so as to economise space and at the
same time form a passage way for the air admitted into the machine for the final
drying of the material under treatment. L L is an annular trough around the top of
the centrifugal case for the reception of water into which rim M M of the cover is
placed forming the water seal.
In Figures 12 to 14 are shewn the means adopted for supplying a water spray or
shower to the material under treatment in the revolving centrifugal basket while the
machine is in motion. Figure 12 is a sectional elevation of the cover of the machine
and shews the water supply pipe 1, the annular perforated spray producer.2, the
inner side of which forms the baffle H. Figure 13 is a side elevation of the machine
shewing the hollow trunk 3, and the hollow trunnion and hinge 4. Figure 14 is a
front view of the spray arrangement shewing the glands and stuffing boxes 5, 5, for
keeping the trunions watertight while acting as a hinge to the centrifugal cover, and
the water supply valve 6. The action of this part of the apparatus is as follows:-—
:
By opening the valve 6, the water flows into the hollow trunk 3, & continues its
course through the hollow trunnions 4, thence through the supply pipe 1 (Fig..12):
into the annular spray producer. 2, ultimately falling in a shower through the perfora-
tions in the annular spray producer provided for that purpose.
Figure 13 also shews the friction hoist for raising and lowering the centrifugal

page_text: cover into and out of position. A suitable chain 7 is attached to the cover and passed
over fixed pulleys 8, and its other end attached to a pulley 9 forming part of a
friction clutch 10 actuated by hand. A pulley 11 is rotated by an endless band 12
and the hoisting apparatus is brought into gear with the pulley 11 by means of the
clutch 10.
In Figure 1, G is the air valve formed in the centre of the dome F, through which
said valve the air passes into the interior of the cover, through the passage way
between the boss D and dome F, and is deflected by the annular baffle H thus causing
the air to pass down the inside of the reticulated or perforated cage or basket C,
.e. the side nearest the spindle, as indicated by the arrows in Figure 1.
By reason of the centrifugal force developed by the rotating cage or basket, the air
will escape towards the circumference of the cage, and will thoroughly permeate and
effectually dry the material in the cage or basket C as it passes therethrough. The
air thrown off from the circumference as the cage Crotates is led by the collector
plate J fixed upon the interior of the side of the centrifugal machine, through the
outlet K (see Figs. 2, 15 and 16) direct to the condenser or through the pipe T,
intermediate tank B, and pipe c, as shewn in Figure 6.
A
The outlet K extends from the top to the bottom of the centrifugal machine and is
closed or opened to the condenser Q by means of the stop cock or slide K' or any
suitable valve communicating with the outlet trunk K2 which is in connection with the
intermediate tank B or with the condenser Q direct. The collector is preferably a
piece of thin sheet metal bent to the shape shewn in Figure 2, and fixed to the inside
of the machine as shewn, and serves to draw the air down and through the material
under treatment. The upper part of the centrifugal case is provided with a displace-
ment pipe N covered with a shield O fixed on the inside of the centrifugal case.
pipe P leading from the bottom of the recess formed by the shield and discharging
outside the case is also provided. The agent employed is introduced at the bottom
of the centrifugal case and allowed to rise therein percolating through the reticulated
cage or basket and saturating the materials under treatment until it fills the machine,
the displaced air or vapour being driven off through the pipe N and led direct to the
condenser Q or through the pipe T, intermediate tank B, and pipe c, as shewn in
Figure 6.
Any of the agent passing over the top of the shield O is carried off by the
draining pipe P, and collected in a suitable receiver, or led direct by other pipes to a
reservoir from whence it is pumped or otherwise passed into the still or into the pipe
conveying the bulk of the agent from the centrifugal machine to the said reservoir.
When the water is introduced for the purpose of cleansing the material, the action
of this part of the apparatus is the same. R is an ordinary sight gauge on the
side of the centrifugal case. To avoid complication, the pipes leading the agent into
and out of the centrifugal machine, as also the pipes leading the water thereinto, and
the still for evaporating the agent led off from the bottom of the centrifugal
machine after it has saturated the materials under treatment and separated or
dissolved the oily or fatty matter contained therein, are not shewn in the drawings
as they are of the ordinary construction and will be well understood without illus-
tration. All the inlet and outlet pipes connected to the centrifugal machine are
provided with suitable shut off valves which are manipulated according to the stage
of. the process. In Figures 6 to 10 we have shewn the means adopted for
-recovering the agent mixed with the cleansing water and for condensing the
vaporized agent evolved during the process and passing off through the displacement
pipe N. The cleansing water is run off from the centrifugal through the pipes S
and T into the intermediate tank B (see Figs. 6 and 8) from whence it passes
through the pipe U into the catch tank W. The bottom of this intermediate tank
is below. the level of the pipe Tas shewn in the elevation Figure 8, for the purpose of
checking the rush of water from the centrifugal machine and also to allow the agent
to sink to the bottom, from whence it is carried into the catch tank by the pipe U
before the water contained in the intermediate tank. This pipe U discharges at the

page_text: bottom of the said catch tank, so that the contents of the intermediate tank will be
deposited at the bottom of the catch tank, the water, by reason of its less specific
gravity, rising to the top. The overflow of water from the catch tank may or may not be
carried by the pipe a into the final tank 6 fitted with any suitable number of vertical
diaphragms or partitions alternately open at the bottom and top as shewn in Figure 11.
above and beneath which partitions the water passes and in so doing deposits the
potash and other insoluble matters held in suspension and carried off with the
cleansing water from the wool, or other material under treatment, to be after-*
wards dealt with.
A
The displaced air and vapour given off in the process is carried by the pipes N*
and T through the intermediate tank B from whence it passes by the pipe c turned
up at right angles to the intermediate tank B as shewn in Figure 8, into the con-
denser which consists of ordinary sinuous or coiled tubes surrounded by water.
pipe d is connected to the end of the condensing tubes for the purpose of carrying
off the agent which has been liquified and discharging the same into the bottom of
the catch tank W. The remaining vaporized agent is drawn through the branch
pipe e into the tank or receptacle f by means of the exhausting fan g (see Fig. 9)
working therein. This fan is driven by a band passing over the pulley o, or by any
suitable motor. The tank or receptacle fis provided with a pipe h through which
any liquified agent passes into the catch tank W. The remainder of the vaporized
agent passes through the pipe to the scrubber tank k. The vapour is here inet by
a spray of cold water issuing through the nozzle i taken from the Deane pump as
shewn at m m and o Figure 6 or this may be taken from any water supply. The
water and the liquified vapour are then carried off by the pipe p to the catch tank.
The remaining uncondensed vapour, if any, is now allowed to pass by the uptake q
above the roof of the building, a steam jet r being provided if necessary to facilitate
the discharge.
Referring to Figures 3, 4 and 5 all the reservoirs or tanks s and the catch tank W
are provided with manholes and hermetically sealed covers t and with a few inches
depth of water which floats on the top of the agent and forms a seal to prevent the *
evaporation thereof. Each tank is further provided with a branch pipe u opening
into a main vent pipe v carried above the roof of the building to lead off the air
displaced by the entry of the agent into the said tanks. It is thus practically
impossible for any of the vapour of the agent to escape from the tanks into the
works, and each tank, can discharge or draw its own supply of air through the main
vent pipe v to compensate for any agent which may be drawn off from, or pumped
into, any of the tanks. Within each agent tank is a float w connected by a rod q¹ to
a horizontal arın 6' passing through a suitable gland or stuffing box in the side of the
tank. Outside the tank a second rod c¹ is attached to the horizontal_arm b¹ parallel
to the float rod a' and duplicating its motion. The rod c¹ is attached to a vertical
rod d¹ moving in guides e¹ and carrying two contact makers f' which complete an
electrical circuit through the battery and bell shewn in Figure 4 when the float is in
its bighest or in its lowest position. By this, means, an alarm is given when the tank
is full or contains only water. g¹ is the pointer attached to the rod d¹ by means of a
pin working in a slot whereby the end of the pointer moves over the graduated
arc k so that the quantity of liquid within the tank at any time is indicated by the
position of the pointer. ¹ is the sight gauge affixed to the tank and provided with a
vernier scale and pointer to indicate the quantity of liquid used between any two given
periods. A perforated diaphragm is fixed slantwise across the interior of the tank into
which the mixed agent and oily and fatty matters are led from the centrifugal machine so
as to intercept any wool or other material which may be driven off therewith. This
diaphragm is fixed in a slanting position so that as the agent is drawn off from the
tank, any wool or other material which may be clinging to the perforations will fall to
the bottom of the tank inside the diaphragm, thereby preventing the perforations
from becoming choked or blocked up and stopping the flow of the agent therethrough.
If found necessary, each tank may be provided with a perforated diaphragm fixed
slantwise therein. m' is the inlet pipe to the tank, and n¹ the outlet pipe.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is
(4) The centrifugal extractor machine-constructed substantially, in the manner,
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
(2) In the centrifugal extractor machine, the shield O on the outlet pipe N for
displaced air, with draining pipe P to carry off overflow, liquid and the collector-J
for-leading off the drying air from the machine as it revolves, substantially as
described and illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 of the-accompanying drawings.
(3) The construction of a cover. E for a centrifugal extractor machine with baffle-H,
and-air valve G in the central dome-F-as illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, and the water
spraying arrangement shewn in Figures 12 to 14, all combined and operating sub-
stantially in the manner and for the purposes set forth.
(4) The storage tank or reservoir constructed substantially in the manner described
and illustrated in Figures 3, 4 and 5 of the accompanying drawings.
(5) 1. In combination with a series of hermetically. sealed tanks, the branch pipes w
and mian or common vent pipe r for the purpose of carrying off the air displaced by
the entry of liquid into the said tanks, substantially as described and illustrated in
Figure 3 of the accompanying drawings.
(6) 2. The intermediate tank.B interposed between the centrifugal machine A and
the catch tank W constructed substantially in the manner and for the purpose described
and illustrated in Figures 6 and 8 of the accompanying, drawings..
(7) 3. The combination of condenser Q, tank or receptacle f scrubber tank k, and
water jet therein for the purpose of liquifying the vapour of volatile solvents such as
bisulphide of carbon, substantially as described and shewn in Figures 6, 9 and 10 of
the accompanying drawings.
(8) 4. The combination of parts forming the mechanism used in our process for
securing wool and for analogous purposes constructed, operating and arranged sub-
stantially as hereinbefore set forth and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
(9) The use of improved apparatus such as herein described for. treating and
scouring wool, and for analogous purposes substantially as described and illustrated as
a whole in Figure 6 and in part in Figures 4 and 5 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 29th day of August 1889. :
CASTLE SMITH,.
Per E. W. Golby,
Invention" Office, 54, Fleet Street, London, E.C., Agent for the Applicants.
.:
viti
London: Printed for Her Majesty's Stationery Office, hv Darling & Son, Ltd.-1892
1.
"
wi
0.
Car
..
a low ina a port
b.
Auct
p
"
...
dwind

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Nov., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 29th Aug., 1889-Accepted, 19th Oct.,
1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Process of Treating and Scouring Wool and
other Materials Containing Greasy, Oily, or Fatty Matters, and
in Machinery Applicable thereto.
Wė GEORGE LEWIS PHIPPS EYRE of 1 John Street, Bedford Row, in the County
of Middlesex Solicitor, and THOMAS JOHN HOPKINS of Cradle Bridge Works, Trow-
bridge, in the County of Wilts, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
:―
This invention relates principally to the extraction of oil and fat, and oily and fatty
matters from wool, but it is also equally applicable to the extraction of oily, and fatty
matters from woollen yarns or fabrics, and such other fibrous material or mixtures of
materials as are from their nature affected in colour or quality when compounds of
carbon are used for the purpose of extracting such oily and fatty matters, and are
subsequently removed from the material under treatment by the slow process of
admitting steam or using other means of raising the temperature to the respective
boiling points of such carbon compounds, and so driving them off by evaporation.
The object of this invention is to provide suitable apparatus and a process whereby
oily and fatty matters may be extracted by the use of carbon compounds as solvents
of the greasy, oily or fatty matters, without employing heat, and so causing injury to
the materials operated upon, and by which process and apparatus the fatty matters
and the solvent employed are removed from the materials under treatment, the solvent
and the vapours given off therefrom being afterwards recovered by distillation and
condensation and used in subsequent operations, thus effecting great economy, and
preventing the noxious or poisonous vapours from escaping into the works or factory
where the operation is carried on.
According to this invention a centrifugal drying machine of special construction is
furnished with a cover fitting into a groove filled with water which surrounds the
top of the machine, forming an effective water seal. Inside the machine is placed a
perforated or reticulated cage or basket attached to the spindle of the machine so as to
be a fixture thereon, and if required, carrying smaller cages or baskets hung around
its circumference in such a way that they may be detached and lifted into and out of
position as desired, the main cage or basket being capable of revolving within the
machine. Into this cage or basket, or into the said smaller cages or baskets, the
material to be treated is placed, and the cover adjusted, and carbon bisulphide (herein-
after designated as the agent) is admitted through suitable pipes leading into the
bottom of the outer case of the machine, until the machine is filled, the displaced air
or other vapour passing off by means of a suitable vent or displacement pipe. In its
passage through or around the material the Agent dissolves, separates, or removes
the oily and fatty matters contained therein, and is then allowed to run off through
suitable pipes leading from the bottom of the outer case of the machine into a reservoir
or tank; when the bulk has run off, the cage or basket is revolved so as to throw off
from the material as much as possible of the oily and fatty matters and the Agent
mixed therewith, which runs into the aforementioned reservoir or tank and from
thence is pumped or otherwise passed into a still. Here heat is applied preferably by
a steam coil pipe and the Agent recovered by distillation in the ordinary manner.
When the mixed Agent and oily and fatty matters has run off, water under
pressure or otherwise is admitted into the machine in the same manner as the Agent
for the purpose of cleansing the material, and of washing out any Agent or mixed
agent and fatty matter which may remain in the material under treatment, and the
cage or basket again revolved driving off the resulting liquid into an intermediate
tank, where the agent falls by it's gravity to the bottom and is carried off by a small

page_text: pipe into a final catch tank, the revolving basket being afterwards again set in action
until the material is dry. To assist this-operation, a fan or blower is employed, or
other suitable means are adopted for producing a current of air. The air is passed
into the machine through an air valve in the centre of a dome shaped chamber
formed or fitted in the centre of the cover of the machine and is guided by suitable
baffles on the inside of the cover down the inner side of the cage, and escapes
through the material under treatment and passes out of the machine by a suitable
collector fixed upon the hottom and side of the outer case into a pipe or tube, the air
being thus made to pass through the material as it is revolving with the cage.
During the process the displaced air and any vapour given off by the agent, and
the air used in drying, are led by suitable pipes or tubes either through the inter-
mediate tank, or directly to a condensing apparatus, the uncondensed residue being
drawn by a fan working within a tank to a scrubber or receptacle into which, a jet or
spray of water is discharged so as to thrown down any remaining vaporized agent;
the remainder of the vapour being now practically free from the agent, passes into an
uptake or chimney discharging into the open air above the building, the discharge
being facilitated by a steam jet or similar means if found necessary. The condenser,
fan, and scrubber discharge into the catch tank.
All the reservoirs or tanks used for the storage or reception of the agent are con-
structed with hermitically sealed covers, and each opens into a vent pipe carried
above the roof of the building to lead off the air displaced from the tanks by the
entry of the agent therein. To prevent the evaporation of the agent it is necessary to
keep the same under water, and it is also necessary to know exactly how much of the
agent is contained in any given tank. For this purpose each tank is provided with
a float resting on the top of the water connected by a rod to a horizontal arm passing
through a suitable gland or stuffing box in the side of the tank. Outside the tank
this arm carries a second rod parallel to the rod within the tank and duplicating its
motion. To this second rod is attached a vertical rod moving in guides, and carrying
two contact makers, which complete an electrical circuit and actuate a bell or gong
when the float is in its highest or its lowest position. This vertical rod also actuates
a pointer moving over a graduated arc by means of a pin working in a slot, so that
the quantity of liquid within the tank can be ascertained at any time. A sight gauge
is also affixed to the tank and provided with a vernier to indicate the quantity of
liquid used in any given period. The tank into which the mixed agent and oily and
fatty matters are led is further provided with a perforated diaphragm fixed slantwise a
across the interior of the tank, so as to intercept any wool or other material which
may be driven off by the action of the revolving basket.
This invention and the arrangement of mechanism or machinery herein described
can also be used for the purposes indicated in combination with the employment
of agents other than Bi-sulphide of Carbon, but having the same or analogous 4
properties.
5001 1
T
6
CASTLE SMITH,
Per F. W. Golby,
Invention" Office, 54, Fleet Street, London, E.C., Agent for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Process of Treating and Scouring Wool and
other Materials Containing Greasy, Oily, or Fatty Matters, and
in Machinery Applicable thereto.
We, GEORGE LEWIS PHIPPS EYRE, of 1 John Street, Bedford Row, in the County 5
of Middlesex, Solicitor and THOMAS JOHN HOPKINS, of Cradle-Bridge Works, Trow-
bridge, in the County of Wilts, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates principally to the extraction of oil and fat, and oily and fatty 5

page_text: matters from wool, but it is also equally applicable to the extraction of oily and
fatty matters from woollen yarns or fabrics, and such other fibrous material or mixtures
of materials as are from their nature affected in colour or quality when known
agents such as bisulphide of carbon or similar solvents are used for the purpose of
extracting such oily and fatty matters, and are subsequently removed from the
material under treatment by the slow process of admitting steam or using other
means of raising the temperature to the respective boiling points of such solvents and
so driving them off by evaporation.
The object of this invention is to provide suitable apparatus and a process whereby
oily and fatty matters may be extracted by the use of bisulphide of carbon or similar
solvents of the greasy, oily, or fatty matters, without employing heat, and so causing
injury to the materials operated upon, and by which process and apparatus the fatty
matters and the solvent employed are removed from the materials under treatment,
the solvent and the vapours given off therefrom being to as large an extent as
practicable afterwards recovered and used in subsequent operations thus effecting
great economy, while the noxious or poisonous vapours are prevented from escaping
into the works or factory where the operation is carried on.
According to this invention, a centrifugal drying machine of improved construction
such as hereinafter described is furnished with a lid or cover fitting into a groove
filled with water which surrounds the top of the machine, forming an effective water
seal, and in this lid or cover is fixed a water spray arrangement as hereinafter
referred to. Inside the machine is placed a perforated or reticulated cage or basket
attached to the spindle of the machine so as to be a fixture thereon and if required
carrying smaller cages or baskets hung around its circumference in such a way that
they may be detached and lifted into and out of position as desired, the main cage or
basket being capable of revolving within the machine. Into this cage or basket, or
into the said smaller cages or baskets, or into all of them the material to be treated
is placed, and the cover adjusted, and carbon bisulphide or similar solvent (hereinafter
designated as the agent) is admitted through suitable pipes leading into the top side
or bottom of the outer case of the machine, until the machine is filled, the displaced
air or other vapour being allowed to pass off by means of a suitable vent or displace-
ment pipe. In its passage through or around the material the agent dissolves,
separates, or removes the oily and fatty matters contained therein, and it is then
allowed to run off through suitable pipes leading from the bottom of the outer case of
the machine into a reservoir or tank.
When the bulk has run off, the cage or basket is revolved so as to throw off from
the material as much as possible of the oily and fatty matters and the agent mixed
therewith which runs into the aforementioned reservoir or tank and from thence the
resulting liquid is pumped into a tank above the centrifugal to be used again in sub-
sequent operations until super saturated with such oily and fatty matters when it is
pumped into or otherwise passed into a still. Here heat is applied preferably by a
steam coil pipe or steam jacket and the agent recovered by distillation by means of
suitable distilling apparatus in the ordinary manner, leaving the oily and fatty matter
in the still to be afterwards dealt with. When the mixed agent and oily and fatty
matters have run off from the centrifugal machine, water under pressure or otherwise
is admitted into the machine in the same manner as the agent, for the purpose of
cleansing the material, and of washing out any agent or mixed agent and oily and
fatty matters which may remain in the material under treatment, and the resulting
liquid is allowed to run off into an intermediate tank, where the agent falls by its
gravity to the bottom and is carried off by a pipe into a final catch tank. After this
resulting liquid has run off the revolving basket is again set in motion and then water
is admitted to the inside of the centrifugal through the spray arrangement which is
fixed to the inside of the lid or cover for the purpose of aiding in the dispelling of
any remaining agent from the material under treatment, and at the same time it
condenses the vapour formed in the centrifugal while in motion leaving the machine
by the outlet which is closed or opened by means of the stopcock provided for that
purpose on the side of the casing and communicating with the intermediate tank last

page_text: aforesaid and when the spray has been sufficiently applied, it is turned off and the
revolving basket continues in action until the material is sufficiently dry. To assist
this last operation, a fan or blower is employed or other suitable means are adopted
for producing a current of air. The air is passed into the machine through an air
valve in the centre of a dome shaped chamber formed or fitted in the centre of
the cover of the machine and is guided by suitable baffles on the inside of the cover
down the inner side of the cage, and escapes through the material under treatment,
and passes out of the machine by a suitable collector fixed upon the bottom and side
of the outer case into a pipe or tube, the air being thus made to pass through the
material as it is revolving with the cage.
During the process, the displaced air and any vapour given off by the agent, and
the air used in drying, are led by suitable pipes or tubes either through the inter-
mediate tank last referred to, or to a condensing apparatus, the uncondensed residue
being drawn by a fan working within a tank or by an exhauster to a scrubber or
receptacle into which a jet or spray of water is discharged so as to throw down any
remaining vaporised agent; the remainder of the vapour being now practically free
from the agent passes into an uptake or chimney discharging into the open air above
the building, the discharge being facilitated by a steam jet or similar means if found
necessary. The condenser fan, and scrubber discharge the recovered agent into the
catch tank.
All the reservoirs or tanks used for the storage or reception of the agent are con-
structed with man-holes and hermetically sealed covers, and each opens into a vent
pipe carried above the roof of the building to lead off the air displaced from the tanks
by the entry of the agent therein. To prevent the evaporation of the agent it is
necessary to keep the same under water, and it is also necessary to know exactly how
much of the agent is contained in any given tank. For this purpose each tank is
provided with a float resting on the top of the water connected by a rod to a hori-
zontal arm passing through a suitable gland or stuffing box in the side of the tank.
Outside the tank this arm carries a second rod parallel to the rod within the tank and
duplicating its motion. To this second rod is attached a vertical rod moving in
guides, and carrying two contact makers, which complete an electrical circuit and
actuate a bell or gong when the float is in its highest or its lowest position. This.
vertical rod also actuates a pointer moving over a graduated arc by means of a pin
working in a slot in the said vertical rod, so that the quantity of liquid within the
tank can be ascertained at any time. A sight gauge is also affixed to the tank and
provided with a vernier to indicate the quantity of liquid used in any given period;
for more correct calculations a mercurial gauge may be employed. The tank into
which the mixed agent and oily and fatty matters are led is further provided with a
perforated diaphragm fixed slantwise across the interior of the tank, so as to intercept
any wool or other material which may be driven off by the action of the revolving
basket.
Each of the pumps which are used specially for pumping the agent is enclosed
in a suitable hermetically sealed casing or frame work provided with glass to enable
the action of the pump to be observed, it, is further provided with a vent pipe and
stop cock communicating with either of the agent tanks or the common vent pipe
above referred to and also with a steam jet communicating with the inside of the
casing or framework for the purpose of clearing away any vapour which may be
therein and so enabling necessary repairs to be readily made without any noxious
escape of such vapour.
As a further mode of recovering any of the agent which may be left in the wool
or other material after it is removed from the centrifugal machine into the washing
machine an automatic agent separator or trap is affixed to or communicates with the
outlet pipe of the washing machine so as to carry off the agent which by its greater
specific gravity separates itself from the water in its passage from the washing
machine. This trap consists of a pipe or casing with a longitudinal diaphragm from
side to side for part of its length with an outlet pipe above and below the diaphragm
at one end and an inlet pipe at the other end.

page_text: This invention and arrangement of mechanism or machinery herein described can
also be applied to fabrics or other materials containing greasy matters for. the
purposes indicated in combination with the employment of agents other than
bisulphide of carbon but having the same or analogous properties.
And in order that our invention may be more fully understood and carried into
practice, we will proceed to describe the same with reference to the accompanying
drawings, in which similar letters are used to indicate corresponding parts in all the
figures.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of our specially constructed centrifugal drying
machine; Figure 2 is an elevation of a segment of the outer case of our centrifugal
machine; Figure 3 is an elevation of the storage tanks or reservoirs, and shews the
means adopted for. preventing the undue evaporation of the agent employed;
Figure 4 is a detailed partly sectional view of one of the storage tanks; Figure 5
is a plan of Figure 4; Figure 6 is a plan shewing the general arrangement of the
principal parts of the mechanism employed in this process; Figure 7 is an end
elevation of the centrifugal machine A shewn in Figure 6; Figure 8 is an elevation
of the intermediate tank B (Fig. 6), Figure 9 is an enlarged vertical section on the
line XX (Fig. 6), Figure 10 is an enlarged vertical section on the line Y Y
(Fig. 6); Figure 11 is a vertical section on the line Z Z (Fig. 6); and Figures 12
to 16 are detail views of the centrifugal machine.
The revolving cage or basket C of the centrifugal drying machine is formed with
a conical boss D whereby it can be fixed upon the spindle in the well known manner
and which spindle is rotated by any suitable motive power. The cover E of the
centrifugal is made preferably of the shape shewn in Figure 1, the dome shaped
centre conforming to the shape of the boss D) so as to economise space and at the
same time form a passage way for the air admitted into the machine for the final
drying of the material under treatment. LL is an annular trough around the top of
the centrifugal case for the reception of water into which rim M M of the cover is
placed forming the water seal.
In Figures 12 to 14 are shewn the means adopted for supplying a water spray or
shower to the material under treatment in the revolving centrifugal basket while the
machine is in motion. Figure 12 is a sectional elevation of the cover of the machine
and shews the water supply pipe 1, the annular perforated spray producer 2, the
inner side of which forms the baffle H. Figure 13 is a side elevation of the machine
shewing the hollow trunk 3, and the hollow trunnion and binge 4. Figure 14 is a
front view of the spray arrangement shewing the glands and stuffing boxes 5, 5, for
keeping the trunions watertight while acting as a hinge to the centrifugal cover,
the water supply valve 6. The action of this part of the apparatus is as follows:-
By opening the valve 6, the water flows into the hollow trunk 3, & continues its
course through the hollow trunnions 4, thence through the supply pipe 1 (Fig. 12)
into the annular spray producer 2, ultimately falling in a shower through the perfora-
tions in the annular spray producer provided for that purpose.
and
Figure 13 also shews the friction hoist for raising and lowering the centrifugal
cover into and out of position. A suitable chain 7 is attached to the cover and passed
over fixed pulleys 8, and its other end attached to a pulley 9 forming part of a
friction clutch 10 actuated by hand. A pulley 11 is rotated by an endless band 12
and the hoisting apparatus is brought into gear with the pulley 11 by means of the
clutch 10.
In Figure 1, G is the air valve formed in the centre of the dome F, through which
said valve the air passes into the interior of the cover, through the passage way
between the boss D and dome F, and is deflected by the annular baffle H thus causing
the air to pass down the inside of the reticulated or perforated cage or basket C,
i.e. the side nearest the spindle, as indicated by the arrows in Figure 1.
By reason of the centrifugal force developed by the rotating cage or basket, the air
will escape towards the circumference of the cage, and will thoroughly permeate and
effectually dry the material in the cage or basket C as it passes therethrough. The
air thrown off from the circumference as the cage C rotates is led by the collector

page_text: plate fixed upon the interior of the side of the centrifugal machine, through the
outlet K (see Figs. 2, 15 and 16) direct to the condenser Q or through the pipe T,
intermediate tank B, and pipe c, as shewn in Figure 6.
A
The outlet K extends from the top to the bottom of the centrifugal and is closed or
opened to the condenser Q by means of the stop cock or slide K' or any suitable
valve communicating with the outlet trunk K2 which is in connection with the inter-
mediate tank B or with the condenser Q direct. The collector is preferably a piece
of thin sheet metal bent to the shape shewn in Figure 2, and fixed to the inside of
the machine as shewn, and serves to draw the air down and through the material
under treatment. The upper part of the centrifugal case is provided with a displace-
ment pipe N covered with a shield O fixed on the inside of the centrifugal case.
pipe B leading from the bottom of the recess formed by the shield and discharging
outside the case is also provided. The agent employed is introduced at the bottom
of the centrifugal case and allowed to rise therein percolating through the reticulated
cage or basket and saturating the materials under treatment until it fills the machine,
the displaced air or vapour being driven off through the pipe N and led direct to the
condenser or through the pipe T, intermediate tank B, and pipe c, as shewn in
Figure 6.
Any of the agent passing over the top-of the shield O is carried off by the
draining pipe P, and collected in a suitable receiver, or led direct by other pipes to a
reservoir from whence it is pumped or otherwise passed into the still or into the pipe
conveying the bulk of the agent from the centrifugal to the said reservoir. When
the water is introduced for the purpose of cleansing the material, the action of this
part of the apparatus is the same. R is an ordinary sight gauge on the side of the
centrifugal case. To avoid complication, the pipes leading the agent into and out of
the centrifugal machine, as also the pipes leading the water thereinto, and the still
for evaporating the agent led off from the bottom of the centrifugal after it has
saturated the materials under treatment and separated or dissolved the oily or fatty
matter contained therein, are not shewn in the drawings as they are of the ordinary
construction and will be well understood without illustration. All the inlet and outlet
pipes connected to the centrifugal machine are provided with suitable shut off valves
which are manipulated according to the stage of the process. In Figures 6 to 10 we
have shewn the means adopted for recovering the agent mixed with the cleansing
water and for condensing the vaporized agent evolved during the process and passing
off through the displacement pipe N. The cleansing water is run off from the
centrifugal through the pipes S and T into the intermediate tank B (see Figs. 6
and 8) from whence it passes through the pipe U into the catch tank W. The
bottom of this intermediate tank is below the level of the pipe T as shewn in the
elevation Figure 8, for the purpose of checking the rush of water from the centrifugal
and also to allow the agent to sink to the bottom, from whence it is carried into the
catch tank by the pipe U before the water contained in the intermediate tank. This
pipe U discharges at the bottom of the said catch tank, so that the contents of the
intermediate tank will be deposited at the bottom of the catch tank, the water, by
reason of its less specific gravity, rising to the top. The overflow of water from the
catch tank may or may not be carried by the pipe a into the final tank fitted with
any suitable number of vertical diaphragms or partitions alternately open at the
bottom and top as shewn in Figure 11 above and beneath which partitions the water
passes and in so doing deposits the potash and other insoluble matters held in
suspension and carried off with the cleansing water from the wool, or other material
under treatment; to be afterwards dealt with.
The displaced air and vapour given off in the process is carried by the pipes N
and T through the intermediate tank B from whence it passes by the pipe c turned
up at right angles to the intermediate tank B as shewn in Figure 8, into the con-
denser which consists of ordinary sinuous or coiled tubes surrounded by water. A
pipe d is connected to the end of the condensing tubes for the purpose of carrying
off the agent which has been liquified and discharging the same into the bottom of
the catch tank W. The remaining vaporized agent is drawn through the branch

page_text: pipe e into the tank or receptacle f by means of the exhausting fan g (see Fig. 9)
working therein. This fan is driven by a band passing over the pulley o, or by any
suitable motor. The tank or receptacle is provided with a pipe h through which
any liquified agent passes into the catch tank W. The remainder of the vaporized
agent passes through the pipe ; to the scrubber tank k. The vapour is here met by
a spray of cold water issuing through the nozzle i taken from the Deane pump as
shewn at m m and o Figure 6 or this may be taken from any water supply.
water and the liquified vapour are then carried off by the pipe p to the catch tank.
The remaining uncondensed vapour, if any, is now allowed to pass by the uptake q
above the roof of the building, a steam jet r being provided if necessary to facilitate
the discharge.
The
Referring to Figures 3, 4 and 5 all the reservoirs or tanks s and the catch tank W
are provided with manholes and hermetically sealed covers t and with a few inches
depth of water which floats on the top of the agent and forms a seal to prevent the
evaporation thereof. Each tank is further provided with a branch pipe น opening
into a main vent pipe carried above the roof of the building to lead off the air
displaced by the entry of the agent into the said tanks. It is thus practically
impossible for any of the vapour of the agent to escape from the tanks into the
works, and each tank, can discharge or draw its own supply of air through the main
vent pipe v to compensate for any agent which may be drawn off from, or pumped
into, any of the tanks. Within each agent tank is a float w connected by a rod q to
a horizontal arm 61 passing through a suitable gland or stuffing box in the side of the
tank. Outside the tank a second rod c¹ is attached to the horizontal arm 6' parallel
to the float rod a¹ and duplicating its motion. The rod c¹ is attached to a vertical
rod d¹ moving in guides e¹ and carrying two contact makers fl which complete an
electrical circuit through the battery and bell shewn in Figure 4 when the float is in
its highest or in its lowest position. By this means, an alarm is given when the tank
is full or contains only water. g¹ is the pointer attached to the rod d' by means of a
pin working in a slot whereby the end of the pointer moves over the graduated
are so that the quantity of liquid within the tank at any time is indicated by the
position of the pointer. j is the sight gauge affixed to the tank and provided with a
vernier to indicate the quantity of liquid used between any two given periods. A
perforated diaphragm is fixed slantwise across the interior of the tank into which
the mixed agent and oily and fatty matters are led from the centrifugal machine so
as to intercept any wool or other material which may be driven off therewith. This
diaphragm is fixed in a slanting position so that as the agent is drawn off from the
tank, any wool or other material which may be clinging to the perforations will fall to
the bottom of the tank inside the diaphragm, thereby preventing the perforations
from becoming choked or blocked up and stopping the flow of the agent therethrough.
If found necessary, each tank may be provided with a perforated diaphragm fixed
slantwise therein. m¹ is the inlet pipe to the tank, and n¹ the outlet pipe.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
(1) The centrifugal extractor machine constructed substantially in the manner
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
(2) In the centrifugal extractor machine, the shield O on the outlet pipe N for
displaced air, with draining pipe P to carry off overflow liquid and the collector J
for leading off the drying air from the machine as it revolves, substantially as
described and illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings.
'
(3) The construction of a cover E for a centrifugal extractor machine with baffle H,
and air valve G in the central dome F as illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, and the water
spraying arrangement shewn in Figures 12 to 14, all combined and operating sub-
stantially in the manner and for the purposes set forth.
(4) The storage tank or reservoir constructed substantially in the manner described
and illustrated in Figures 3, 4 and 5 of the accompanying drawings.

page_text: (5) In combination with a series of hermetically sealed tanks, the branch pipes to
and main or common vent pipe for the purpose of carrying off the air displaced by
the entry of liquid into the said tanks, substantially as described and illustrated in
Figure 3 of the accompanying drawings.
(6) The intermediate tank B interposed between the centrifugal machine A and, the
catch tank W constructed substantially in the manner and for the purpose described
and illustrated in Figures 6 and 8 of the accompanying drawings.
(7) The combination of condenser Q, tank or receptacle scrubber tank k, and
water jet therein for the purpose of liquifying the vapour of volatile solvents such as
bisulphide of carbon, substantially as described and shewn in Figures 6, 9 and 10 of
the accompanying drawings.
(8) The combination of parts forming the mechanisın used in our process for
scouring wool and for analogous purposes constructed, operating and arranged sub-
stantially as herein before set forth and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
(9) The use of improved apparatus such as herein described for treating and
scouring wool, and for analogous purposes substantially as described.
Dated this 29th day of August 1889
"
CASTLE SMITH,
Per F. W. Golby,
Invention" Office, 54, Fleet Street, London, E.C., Agent for the Applicants.