matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED FUEL ECONOMIZER AND FEED-WATER HEATER
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Needham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th July 1868.
I, RICHARD NEEDHAM, of Dukinfield, in the County of Chester,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED FUEL ECONOMIZER AND FEED-WATER HEATER," to be as follows:-
The apparatus consists of two chambers communicating with one
another by means of a number of tubes. These chambers may be made
of any suitable shape, but I prefer to give them a circular form, so that
the whole forms a vessel of a cylindrical shape having a chamber at
each end and a number of tubes reaching from one to the other. These
chambers are provided with hollow trunnions, and the vessel is arranged
so as to rotate and so expose each portion of the surface equally to the
heat. The apparatus should be fixed in the flue between the boiler and
One of the
the chimney so as to be acted upon by the waste heat.
trunnions is connected to the water feed pipe, and the other com-
municates with a pipe leading to the boiler.
. The action of the apparatus is as follows:-The water being forced
in passes through the trunnions into the chamber, and thence along

page_text: the pipes in a number of separate streams to the other chamber, being
heated in its passage; it then passes through the other trunnion and
pipe into the boiler. The vessel may be arranged so as to rotate either
horizontally or vertically. When arranged to rotate on a horizontal axis
I produce the rotation by means of the combined effects of the steam
which may be produced in the vessel and the force of the feed water
as it enters. To accomplish this I form an archimedian screw in each
chamber with boxes of suitable form, so that as the steam rises in them
at one side the weight of the water at the other side causes rotation.
This effect may be increased by projecting the feed water in a jet against
the boxes. The rotation might also be produced by means of well-known
mechanism. In order to remove the soot each tube is provided with a
scraper which is in the form of a long blade reaching the full length of
the tube. These blades are not attached direct to the tubes, but are
attached to weights which retain a vertical position, so that although
the scrapers are carried round by the tubes as the vessel revolves they
keep an independent position, the effect of which is that the surface
of each tube is passed under the weight of its scraper and thus cleared
of any adhering soot at every revolution. When arranged to rotate on
a vertical axis the rotation may be produced by well-known mechanism,
and to clear the tubes of soot I use a scraper which is in the form of a
plate perforated with a number of holes to correspond to the tubes. This
scraper may be moved. along the tubes by means of a screw working in
a nut or by means of a chain attached thereto. This form of scraper
may also be applied where the vessel is arranged to work on a hori-
zontal axis; or blades such as already described, but worked by means
of mechanism, may be used either for the vertical or horizontal
apparatus.
An IMPROVED MODE OF COLORING OR ORNAMENTING CAPSULES, TUBES, AND METALLIC Fox
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Georges de Sainte-Marie at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 14th May 1868.
I, GEORGES DE SAINTE-MARIE, of Arcueil, near Paris (France), Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "An
IMPROVED MODE OF COLORING OR ORNAMENTING CAPSULES, TUBES, AND METALLIC
Fox," to be as follows:-
Hitherto capsule manufacturers in order to color capsules in
different shades or colors have employed a lathe, the plate of which
carries one or several mandrils on which the capsules are placed, and
they have painted or colored them by means of brushes dipped in a
siccativo alcohol varnish. This operation being effected by hand is
expensive; it requires persons accustomed to the work, and the cost of
the varnish is high.
My Invention consists in employing the fatty or semi-fatty inks or
varnishes of all shades or colors used in printing, and in applying them
mechanically upon the capsules by means of rollers. As these inks
require much time to dry I place the capsules thus colored in an oven or
stove, provided internally with trays or plates placed round an axis of

page_text: rotation. I employ for this mechanical coloring rollers as in printing
machines; these rollers are placed on a small carriage having a reci-
procating rectilinear movement in order that they may supply themselves
from a reservoir, then return to apply the color on the capsule placed on
the mandril of the lathe. All the mandrils are arranged on a plate of the
lathe; they each receive a capsule, which they present successively to
the inking roller. The to-and-fro movement is communicated to it
by the lathe; this movement is arranged so that the inking roller comes
to color the capsule which each mandril presents in the rotation of the
plate. When the capsules have received this mechanical coloring they
are placed in the oven, which is heated to a high temperature in
order to facilitate the drying of the fatty or semi-fatty varnish. This
mechanical coloring or painting by a roller of the circumference or sides
of the capsules, or of part thereof, is an important improvement as it
dispenses with all work with the brush or hand.
Although my Invention chiefly applies to capsules, yet the same
mode may be applied to coloring tubes and metallic foil.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED AS A COMBINED CIGAR ASH AND LIGHT HOLDER, AND "WHIST' OR OTHER GAME MARKER
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolph Philipp at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
February 1868.
I, ADOLPH PHILIPP, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED AS A COMBINED CIGAR ASH AND LIGHT HOLDER, AND
"WHIST' OR OTHER GAME MARKER," to be as follows:-
My Invention is designed to supply an apparatus to be used for the
convenience of card players and smokers, in which are combined the
receptacles and articles required by them.
The improved apparatus consists of a chamber containing a moveable
drawer or dish for the reception of cigar or tobacco ashes or cigar ends
and used matches; this chamber is by preference (not necessarily)
situated about the centre, and over this ash dish wires or bars are
placed on which to rest the cigar when not in the fingers and against
which to rub the ash from the cigar; at one end of this chamber is
a box or receptacle with a lid containing lights or matches which
should be such as leave no smoke or odour after ignition, and which

page_text: are lighted by friction on the internal open lid of the box. At the
other end of the chamber a box is formed to contain counters for
games "and the lid is perforated with small holes in certain positions
for the admission of pegs to mark the game of cards being played, such
as "whist" and similar games, and the upper edges of the sides of
the apparatus from end to end are perforated as a "cribbage board"
for marking "cribbage" and such games. If the apparatus be made
of sufficient width and depth a receptacle may also be placed beneath
for packs of cards, and in some instances an inkstand may be substituted
for the end counter holder and marker for those who write and
smoke. The whole combined apparatus is supported on short legs,
which being sunk into holes in the table prevents it being turned
over, or it may be secured by a spring or screw clamp.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING CERTAIN COMPOUNDS OF COPPER AND IRON,. AND IN UTILIZING RESIDUAL PRODUCTS OBTAINED IN TREATING COMPOUNDS Oz COPPER AND I
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hunt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the:
5th March 1868.
I, WILLIAM HUNT, of Castleford, in the County of York, Manu-
facturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING CERTAIN COMPOUNDS OF COPPER AND IRON,.
AND IN UTILIZING RESIDUAL PRODUCTS OBTAINED IN TREATING COMPOUNDS Oz
COPPER AND IRON," to be as follows:-
In burning iron pyrites for the manufacture of sulphuric acid the
residuum obtained consists principally of oxide of iron, but also sometimes
contains small portions of copper as well as sulphur. The said residuum
is called burnt pyrites, and when it contains copper is treated for
obtaining the copper therefrom by being heated either in a close or open
furnace with common salt. The iron and copper are thereby obtained
in the form of chlorides, and the copper is separated by the immersion
of scrap iron in the solution of the chlorides. During the conducting of
the heating process described a considerable quantity of free chlorine
is evolved. This gas cannot be condensed by the means employed to
condense volatilized chlorides of copper and iron, and constitutes a

page_text: nuisance in the neighbourhood where the process is carried on. In
treating the said burnt pyrites by heating it with common salt I pass
into the furnace a jet of steam; this steam is decomposed, yielding
hydrogen to the chlorine, and forming therewith hydrochloric acid gas;
this gas is readily condensable, and by this improvement in treating burnt
pyrites the nuisance created in the ordinary method of treatment is
avoided.
I utilize the chloride of iron obtained in the process described in the
following manner :-I expose the solution of the said chloride to the
air either in a condensing tower or other convenient apparatus, and
thereby convert it from a protosalt into a persalt of iron. I add to the
solution calcined magnesian limestone, and thereby throw down peroxide
of iron in a state suitable for use in the purification of coal gas..
The solution separated from the peroxide of iron contains magnesia
and lime salts, and by adding thereto a further portion of calcined
limestone the magnesia is thrown down in a free or uncombined state,
and may be separated and applied to the manufacture of sulphate of
magnesia or to other purposes.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ephraim Jackson and John
Ogden at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 29th August 1868.
We, EPHRAIM JACKSON and JouN OGDEN, both of Chadderton, near
Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM OR APPARATUS TO
BE EMPLOYED FOR PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention relates to that portion of apparatus employed for pre-
paring cotton or other fibrous substances termed "drawing frames,"
and to that part of drawing frames known as the front sliver stop motion,
that is, the stop motion connected to the guides through which the
combined slivers enter the can after having passed through the drawing
rollers.
The improvements consist in the novel application and use of a
balance lever, upon one end of which is formed a trumpet mouth,-
through which the attenuated and combined slivers pass into the cans
after leaving the drawing rollers. The opposite end of the balance lever
is supplied with a sliding or adjustable balance weight that by its adjust-

page_text: ment on such lever nearer to or farther from its fulcrum the greatest
accuracy can be attained for different weights of cotton passing through;
for instance, the tension of the cotton when passing downwards through
the trumpet guide causes the trumpet mouth to be depressed, which
raises a stop at the other end of the balance lever out of the way of
a vibrating bar in connection with the stop motion of the machines;
thus when any one or more of the slivers passing through the trumpet
mouth breaks or becomes severed the trumpet mouth is relieved from
the weight such sliver exerts, which causes it to be slightly elevated,
the action of which lowers the stop on the opposite end of the balance
lever so as to form an abutment against which the advancing vibrating
.bar is stopped, the effect of which is to stop the machine.
A NEW OR IMPROVED FASTENER OR PROTECTOR FOR SECURING WATCHES, PURSES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES, SO AS TO PREVENT ROBBERY FROM THE PERSON
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ann Woollan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the 17th July
1868.
I, ANN WOOLLAN, of No. 15, Ladbroke Terrace, Notting Hill, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for "A NEW OR IMPROVED FASTENER OR PROTECTOR FOR SECURING WATCHES,
PURSES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES, SO AS TO PREVENT ROBBERY FROM THE
PERSON," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in making a fastener or protector for securing
watches, purses, and other similar articles in such manner that it can
be sewn, rivetted, or otherwise secured in a pocket or on to an article of.
apparel. I prefer to make this fastener of one piece of brass, steel, or
other suitable metal somewhat in a T-shape, that is to say, having two
horizontal and one vertical arm. I bend upwards and forwards the
vertical arm of the T at about half its length, so as to form a hook.
In all cases the metal must be of such a nature as to be elastic, and
cause the hook to have a tendency to spring open unless retained close
or nearly so by a hinged catch. In use the fastener being secured to
the article of apparel or within a pocket of same, the hinged catch is

page_text: moved so as to release the hook, the ring or hoop of the watch is passed
into the hook, and the hinged catch fastened. The watch is now secure,
and any pull on the watch will be resisted by the protector giving
timely warning to the wearer. The watch or other article can be instan-
taneously released by pressure on the hinged catch by the same hand
that removes the watch.
Although I have described this fastener as made wholly of metal
in one piece, I propose in some cases to attach the hooked piece by
rivitting or soldering the same to a back piece or plate, which may be
either of metal or ebonite, or any suitable material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING IRON AND STEEL, AND PROTECTING SUCH SURFACES FROM THE CORROSIVE ACTION OF SEA OR SALT WATER, AND THE OXIDIZING INFLUENCES OF DAMP AIR, WET, AND MOISTURE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Cane Coombe and St.
George Gregg at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 12th September 1868.
We, JAMES CANE COOMBE, of Alfred Street, Barnsbury, in the County.
of Middlesex, Chemist, and ST. GEORGE GREGG, of Lombard Street, in the
City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING IRON AND STEEL, AND PROTECTING SUCH SURFACES FROM
THE CORROSIVE ACTION OF SEA OR SALT WATER, AND THE OXIDIZING INFLUENCES
OF DAMP AIR, WET, AND MOISTURE," to be as follows, that is to say :-
In carrying out this Invention we apply a priming of varnish made of
lac, gum juniper, or any of the gum resins dissolved in naptha, pyro-
acetic ether, or spirits, or any menstruum capable of taking them up (by
preference we employ spirits of wine for that purpose). This priming we
apply as a first coat directly to the surface of the metal, the latter being
first heated by any suitable appliance, such as a brazier or hot-air blower,
and the varnish then laid on with a soft brush while the metal is hot.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TIPS FOR BOOT HEELS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Egersdorff at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
January 1868.
I, EDWIN EGERSDORFF, of 34, Baldwin's Gardens, Gray's Inn Road
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TIPS FOR BOOT HEELS," to be as follows:-
An external rim of metal or leather united to a countersunk centre
by radiating bars all of the same material, the spaces between which
bars are filled up with transversely cut plugs of wood, the whole
forming a tip to be secured to the boot heel by a separate screw passing
thro' the countersunk centre, allowing the tip to revolve at the will
of the wearer. By the introduction of these transverse plugs of wood
and the revolving principle combined obtain great durability and
economy in the wear of the tip.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE- ARMS AND ORDNANCE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry William Garrett and
George Holcroft at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 3rd August 1868.
We, HENRY WILLIAM GARRETT, Civil Engineer, and GEORGE HOLCROFT,
Engineer, both of the City of Manchester, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-
ARMS AND ORDNANCE," to be as follows:-
Our Invention is applicable to breech-loading fire-arms and ordnance,
and it consists,-
First. In an improved mode of opening and closing the cartridge
chamber. In performing our Invention we employ a sliding bolt which
has a longitudinal to-and-fro motion given to it by the operator in open-
ing and closing the cartridge chamber; the sliding bolt is cylindrical,
and fits in the end of the barrel; a handle projects from the sliding
bolt, the shank of which handle fits in a recess in the barrel to lock the
bolt when the cartridge chamber is closed, and a partial rotary motion
is also given to the sliding bolt to lock and unlock it. By this means
the construction is simplified and the rapidity of firing is increased.

page_text: Secondly. In an improved mode of discharging the cartridge, consisting
of the application of a triangular block or wedge placed between the end
of the spindle of the nipple and the horizontal striker, which slides within
the sliding bolt above referred to, and is provided with a spring to draw
it back. By this means when the hammer strikes the nipple the
triangular block or wedge transmits the motion to the horizontal striker
and explodes the cartridge.
Thirdly. In an improved mode of applying a spring catch for drawing
the cartridge oase out or partly out of the barrel. This catch is acted
upon by the sliding bolt above referred to, and when the bolt is drawn
back to open the cartridge chamber the catch comes against the edge of
the cartridge case and draws it back until it is at liberty to fall out of
the cartridge chamber..
IMPROVEMENTS IN BLIND FURNITURE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bristow Hunt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th August
1868. A communication from abroad by Madame Anais Vion,
of Paris.
-
I, BRISTOW HUNT, of No. 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BLIND FURNITURE," (a communication
to me from abroad by Madame Anais Vion, of Paris), to be as follows:-
This Invention applies to any kind of rolling blind working vertically,
horizontally, or otherwise, either for rooms, marquées, greenhouses,
verandahs, terraces, or other situations, and whether the blind may be
made of laths of wood, metal, cane, or other material, or of ticking or
other woven fabric.
The object of the Invention is to work the blind by means of a spring
pulley placed at one end of the arbor or roller on to which it is wound,
and the principal advantage is that it can be worked without difficulty
or effort by means of an endless cord and arrested at any height without
the help of a hook or other fastening. The Venetian or other external
blind may be worked from the interior of the apartment by means of a

page_text: button or a small crank. In greenhouses or conservatories the blinds
may be worked either from the inside or the outside and may be placed
at any convenient angle.
The apparatus consists principally of a grooved pulley fixed on one
end of the roller and having a hollow projecting centre or box in which
is placed a spiral or coiled spring; the inner end of this coiled spring is
attached to the centre of the pulley, and the outer end thereof is attached
to the plate or bracket which carries the fixed pin or pivot on which the
pulley is mounted and turns. Two small grooved pulleys placed only a
small distance apart are attached to the bracket below the roller pulley
and serve to guide and facilitate the working of the endless cord.
IMPROVED FISHING APPARATUS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Germain Mure at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 2nd June 1868.
I, LOUIS GERMAIN MURE, of No. 31, Ruc d'Enghien, Paris, in the
Empire of France, Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED FISHING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
The object of my improved hook and line carrier is to facilitate the
winding of several lines and hooks simultaneously on the winder, and
admitting of one line or hook being withdrawn at a time without
entangling the rest or breaking the gut or horschair of which they are
composed.
The apparatus may be either a combined hook and line carrier as
previously mentioned, or made to bear lines and hooks independently
In the first case it consists of a tablet of any suitable material and of a
rectangular or other shape, furnished at each end with a cap or ferrule
of metal, the centre of which is hollow for receiving a piece of cork in
which to insert the barbs of the hooks; on each side are a number of
oval or other shaped openings reached by a sloping duct or channel,
through which the lines are successively and alternately passed in a

page_text: bunch or hank (the ends being previously evenly collected) till they are
completely wound up, and should they be longer than usual they may
be passed a second time round; the hooks being fixed in a similar
manner, four or more distinct openings being made for their reception,
two or more on either side of the apparatus; these hooks are protected by
a metal band attached to the cap or ferrule above mentioned, one end
working on a hinge and the other fixing with a clasp. The simple line
winder is precisely similar in construction minus the cap for bearing the
hooks, this apparatus is furnished with a cover of cloth, skin, or other
substance, having an opening at one end through which to draw the
lines.
Another form of apparatus for the same purpose consists of an endless
band of pasteboard in the shape of a flat cylinder; the lines are wound
round this, being passed through openings at the sides as before. The
hook carriers or winders consist of a wooden or other plate, the ends
terminating in a metal cap in which a number of notches are made for
the reception of the hooks, which are protected by hinged metal bands,
the opposite ends being furnished with hasps; the hair or gut on which
the hooks are fastened is wound in the usual way by passing it through
openings on either side as before. Or another form is a bobbin or reel
of wood or metal with a cover or case at the bottom and in the interior
of which is a circular shaft of wood or metal, the upper end of which
terminates in a button of cork, on which the hooks are fixed, and the
gut or horsehair is passed round small projecting knobs on either side
of the shaft at the top and bottom.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL CALLED BRACES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry William Everard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th May 1868.
I, HENRY WILLIAM EVERARD, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL CALLED BRACES,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the articles of wearing apparel called
"braces," and particularly to such descriptions thereof as are made
of elastic webbing, whether in one piece or joined or sewed near the
centre of length to other materials, and the Invention is designed to
dispense with the ordinary "tab" or end which contains the button
hole, and which is ordinarily sewn or attached to the ends of many
descriptions of "braces."
The improvements consist in cutting or making the button hole in
the elastic webbing or material, covering the edges of the button hole
with a binding of chamois leather or suitable material to protect the
edges, the back of the webbing being strengthened with a piece of

page_text: suitable leather into which the binding of the button hole is sewn
through the webbing.
The feature of the Invention consists in forming the button hole in
the elastic material or webbing employed for "braces," and in covering
or binding the edges of such button hole, and securing such binding
both to the webbing and to an extra piece of leather or material at
the back in contradistinction to forming button holes, and binding them
in "tabs" or extra pieces to be sewn on to the attaching end of elastic
"braces."
AN IMPROVED LEVER BUCKLE OR FASTENING FOR SCARFS, NECKTIES, BRACES, BELTS, GARTERS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Walker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
October 1868.
I, THOMAS WALKER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED LEVER BUCKLE OR FASTENING FOR SCARFS, NECKTIES, BRACES,
BELTS, GARTERS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to construct a fastening for the
articles named in the title of a more secure and complete character
than is at present provided.
The buckle or fastening consists of two separate pieces of metal
cut out and formed by press tools in the usual manner and as is well
understood. One of these parts has a thin strip of metal left upon
each of its ends, which is afterwards folded over in such a manner as
This
to form the hinge or joint in which the other part is to work.
other part (which for distinction I call the male part) has a pin or
axis formed at each of its ends which takes into the hinge or joint
formed in the first named part as before described and works therein.

page_text: There is also formed upon this male part a raised toothed edge which
is for the purpose of more securely holding the material, which may
be placed between the two parts, and which in conjunction with the
before-named hinge provides the leverage required.
The operation of the buckle is as follows:-The web or other material
is placed between the two parts, one of which is then closed over the
other. This causes the toothed bar by means of the leverage afforded
by the peculiar construction of the hinge or joint so to grip the fabric
between the two parts as to hold it securely in position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING HARD WASTE OR COP BOTTOMS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROSIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Anderson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
June 1868.
I, JOHN ANDERSON, of Ramsbottom, in the County of Lancaster,
Manager in a Cotton Mill, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED FOR PREPARING AND
SPINNING HARD WASTE OR COP BOTTOMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the preparation of hard waste which I
obtain in continuous carding by dividing the doffing cylinder into two
or more spaces forming endless belts of cards on the said cylinder
(instead of dividing the cards across the periphery and stripping end-
wise as heretofore practised), the cardings pass from the doffer and are
received by rollers and coilers into the can motion and can. I thus
produce endless strips without the aid of the ordinary piecing machine,
the cardings produced by the means above described are much superior
to those of end stripping and piecing, the cardings so prepared may
be passed through the drawing, slubbing, intermediate, and roving frames
as usual.

page_text: Secondly, in the preparation of hard waste on the mule or throttle
I dispense with the ordinary stop motion and spin the said waste
"preparation way" by the application of three sets of top and bottom
rollers having different speeds so as to draw the fibre, which rollers
are actuated from and regulated to different speeds by the "head,"
these rollers carrying out the fibre to the full extent or nearly so
of the draw, and the twist is then put in. I thus dispense with the
plunger and apparatus heretofore employed for effecting the ordinary
stop motion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SPINNING OR. TWISTING
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Aikman Morgan at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 4th February 1868.
I, EDWARD AIKMAN MORGAN, of Paisley, in the County of Renfrew,
North Britain, Thread Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SPINNING OR.
TWISTING," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to spinning or twisting apparatus of the kind.
in which a small segmental ring or its equivalent running round
an annular or ring-shaped rail or guide ring encircling the spindle
acts as a flyer. The guide rings when made of iron, as hitherto,..
require to be lubricated, which is a great inconvenience, as it is
practically impossible to prevent the yarn or thread from being soiled
by the lubricating matter. The difficulty referred to is overcome by
the present Invention, which consists in making the guide ring of
glass, carthenware, or similar material which requires no lubrication_

page_text: The entire guide ring may be made of the material, being shaped to
fit in the sockets in the rails like the common metal rings; or the
ring may be made partly of metal, with the guiding surfaces only of
glass, enamel, or similar material.
A COMBINED TOBACCO DISH AND CIGAR AND SPILL RACK
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Davis and Joseph
Parsons at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 9th November 1868.
We, HENRY DAVIS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Glass Cutter, and JOSEPH PARSONS, of Oldswinford, in the County of
Worcester, Glass Engraver, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A COMBINED TOBACCO DISH AND CIGAR AND SPILL RACK,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of a combined tobacco dish and cigar and spill
rack constructed in the manner herein-after described.
We mount the tobacco dish upon a central rod or pedestal, and support
it upon a base plate or foot as large as or a little larger than the said
dish. We prefer to make the base plate or foot of a concave figure;
the said base plate or foot is thereby made to constitute a shallow dish
for receiving the cigar or tobacco ash. We provide the tobacco dish
described with an overhanging rim situated at right angles to the axis of
the dish, and we convert the said rim into a rack for receiving cigars

page_text: and spills, that is to say, around the said rim at the required distances
apart we make a series of nearly elliptical perforations for receiving the
cigars, and at opposite sides of the said rim we make rectangular
openings for receiving the spills, the bottoms of the spills resting on the
base plate or ash receiver of the tobacco dish.
Our combined tobacco dish and cigar and spill rack may be made of
metal, glass, porcelain, or other non-metallic material. When made of
glass or other non-metallic material we prefer to attach to the edge of
the rim or rack of the tobacco dish a metallic beading for the purpose
of covering the edges of the perforations and openings in the said rim
or rack.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF ARTIFICIAL. MANURES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sampson Langdale at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
July 1868.
I, SAMPSON LANGDALE, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Chemical and
Artificial Manure Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my.
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF ARTIFICIAL.
MANURES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an improved means of effecting the solution.
or decomposition of phosphatic minerals or compounds, such as mineral
phosphates of lime, coprolites, or other natural products, and consists in
subjecting them when by preference in a divided condition to the action
of sulphuric acid at an elevated temperature. By employing sulphuric-
acid at or about its boiling point the decomposition of the phosphate
will be much facilitated, and the solution of certain compounds of iron

page_text: which may be present will be prevented or diminished. The sulphuric
acid may be heated either by means of a fire under the boiler or
decomposing vessel or by means of high-pressure steam or superheated
steam, which I prefer, or by any other convenient arrangement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRYING MACHINERY USEFUL FOR DRYING CORN AND OTHER VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Stonehouse Williamson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 11th February 1868.
I, JOHN STONEHOUSE WILLIAMSON, of West Hartlepool, in the County
of Durham, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DRYING MACHINERY USEFUL FOR DRYING CORN AND OTHER
VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:- -
The novelty of the Invention consists in placing one tube within
another, a space being left between them. Between these two tubes
a furnace or fire is placed at one end of the machine, and the heat is
made to travel along the bottom of the inner tube and back again
along the sides and top, the smoke escaping by a chimney. Within
the inner tube either a screen or screens are fixed having a reciprocating
motion imparted thereto by wheels and cranks; or a circular cylinder
is made to revolve having a spiral screw inside, on which the grain is
made to travel from one end of the machine to the other whilst
the heat is operating upon it; it then falls into coolers made to revolve,
attached to cach side of the machine, each cooler having a spiral
screw inside, by which the grain is again carried to the other end of
the machine where it falls into sacks. These coolers are made to

page_text: clean the grain whilst in its progress to the sacks by leaving spaces
in the wire covering to admit of the small grain, seeds, and dust to
pass through. The machine is fed by a hopper having a grooved roller
or moveable bottom with a screw slide to regulate the feed. The
whole machine is either constructed of iron, or brickwork, or of both, 5
and can be made portable or stationary.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING MACHINERY POR CANAL BOATS AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th July 1868.-A communication from abroad by Frederick R.
Pike, of the City and State of New York, United States of America.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the "International Patent Office,"
No. 8, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING MACHINERY POR CANAL BOATS
AND OTHER VESSELS," a communication, to be as follows:-
My improvements relate to propelling vessels in water by means of
a reciprocating propellor, which may be either a simple piston or plunger
working in a cylinder or case, or may be formed with leaves or wings
which open as the piston acts upon the water and close when it is
drawn back. The propellor is worked by a horizontal or inclined engine
connected to the short arm of a lever which has a long arm connected
to the propellor. A case or cylinder is provided with a
piston with
ordinary rings or other packing, which is brought to act upon the water
by means of a horizontal engine through a lever with a long and short
The piston rod of the engine by means of a connecting arm is

page_text: always connected with the short arm of the lever, which short arm
must never exceed one quarter the length of the long arm. A shaft
which forms the fulcrum or axis of the lever may be either supported
above, hung below, or placed on the deck of the boat. This shaft may
also be provided with a lever for working the valves of the engine. The
cylinder and piston may be made of wood, or metal, or other suitable
substance, and of various shapes and dimensions. The piston may be
hollow or solid, and the face which strikes the water may be flat,
indented, or ribbed, to increase its resisting area.
One or more of my improved propellors may be used. For canal
boats I prefer to use two, because of their non-interference with the
rudder. These propellors may be applied either inside or outside of the
boat. For backing or reversing the boat I prefer to use an additional
cylinder and piston connected or disconnected, as desired, with the lever
above described. The engine may be arranged in an inclined position
instead of horizontally, but the latter method will be found the most
effective.
In another modification of my improvements the piston rod works
in a cylinder, and is attached to a propellor with two leaves or blades
hinged together. Prior to making the propelling stroke, as this propeller
is pushed against the water the resistance of the latter presses it open.
Two arms or braces are thrown out from the piston rod to hold the
propellor open when the same passes through the water. In drawing
the said propellor back it resumes its closed position. Nuts or other
projections are employed to keep the propellor from entirely closing in
its return stroke.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO LAMPS FOR BURNING PETROLEUM, HYDROCARBON, AND OTHER OILS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Cole and Jonathan
Carter at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 4th March 1868.
We, ARTHUR COLE, of Erith, in the County of Kent, Merchant's
Clerk, and JONATHAN CARTER, of Bexley Heath, in the County of Kent,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO LAMPS FOR BURNING PETROLEUM,
HYDROCARBON, AND OTHER OILS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to lamps for use in railway and other carriages,
and as lights for signals and lighthouses; also to lamps for use in ships
and in other situations exposed to draughts.
And our Invention has for its object the regulation of the admission
of fresh air and of the exit of heated air in such a manner as to admit
a sufficient quantity of air to support combustion while preventing the
action of draught on the flame at the bottom, and also to afford a
sufficient outlet for the heated air while preventing draught from the
top. For these purposes two or more plates are arranged either hori-
zontally, vertically, or diagonally between the air inlet and the burner
in such a manner as to cause the fresh air on its way to the burner to

page_text: take a serpentine course round the ends of the plates, and another set
of plates are similarly arranged between the burner and the outlet in
order to cause the heated air to pass out of the lamp at the top in a
similar course. By this means the fresh air on entering the lamp is
intercepted in its progress to the burner and caused to pass between the
plates and round the ends of the same, thereby preventing any rush
of air to the burner while allowing an adequate supply of air to reach
the same. The plates also at the top of the lamp are arranged so
as to prevent the forcible passage of air downwards, thereby obviating
interference with the upward current of heated air from the burner, as
required.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SMALL-WARE GOODS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Butterworth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th February 1868.
I, ROBERT BUTTERWORTH, of Patricroft, in the County of Lan-
caster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SMALL-WARE GOODS,'
to be as follows:-
My Invention relates more particularly to small-ware looms in which
narrow fabrics, such as tapes, ribbons, webs, or band's are manufactured,
and to that portion thereof termed the "taking-up" motion, and the
Invention is designed for the purpose of receiving and winding the
tapes or ribbons as manufactured in a uniform manner upon "beams"
or bobbins instead of allowing the tapes or ribbons to fall and accumulate
in a box or trough as hitherto employed.
The improvements consist in the application and use of a series of
"beams" or bobbins supported in brackets secured to the frame of the
loom in front of the "knee" or taking-up roller, one bobbin,. roller,
or beam being used for each tape or ribbon delivered from the emery
or "taking-up" roller; these bobbins are separately driven by the

page_text: "taking-up roller" by means of endless bands which pass around such
roller and round pulleys or "wharfs," the tape bobbins or beams which
when so driven "take up" or receive the manufactured tape as it is
delivered from the "taking-up roller," a lateral to-and-fro traverse being
given to the bobbins or "beams" by means of a cam in order that they
may receive the ribbons uniformly upon their whole width or surface.
In order that the revolution of the bobbins when taking up shall be
uniform with the delivery of tape or ribbons manufactured a spring
or weight is attached to the bobbin shaft, which gives to the bobbins
as they increase in diameter a slight "drag," so that the speed of
revolution may be regulated or governed thereby, so as to receive the
manufactured ribbon or tape when being delivered from the "taking-up
roller uniformly without excessive stretch or tension.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SELF-ADJUSTING SPANNERS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Stephen Gilbert and
William George White at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 6th October 1868.
We, FRANCIS STEPHEN GILBERT and WILLIAM GEORGE WHITE, of
24, Lawrence Pountney Lane, in the City of London, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF SELF-ADJUSTING SPANNERS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to simplify and to render more prompt
in its action the self-adjusting spanner. For this purpose we prefer to
make our spanner of two bars of iron or any other suitable material,
one longer than the other (of any convenient length) with a jaw at the
top end of each bar. We then place the shorter bar in front of the
longer one, so that the front bar jaw comes below the back bar jaw.
The front part of the back bar is made with a male dovetail, and the
back part of the front bar with a female dovetail to correspond for the
front bar to slide on. We attach at the bottom of the front and back
bars by means of joints a lever made to any convenient angle (by
preference a right angle); this lever is furnished with a long slot at the
end which traverses the joint of the front or moveable bar, the pin

page_text: of this joint moving freely forwards and backwards in the slot as the
spanner is opened or closed. The handle is formed of the other end of
this lever, so that the fixed jaw or bar being placed on the nut the
slightest movement right or left causes the front bar carrying the
bottom or shifting jaw to rise or fall. As an adjunct to this spanner
we introduce a clamp to fix the moveable bar and jaw in any required
position. We effect this by making a rack or series of grooves on the
front bar of the spanner, corresponding grooves being formed on the
inner side of the loop or clamp, which clamp being drawn up by a
thumbscrew, wedge, or otherwise the grooves fit into the projecting
parts of the rack of front bar and fix the bar and jaw. This clamp or
loop is traversed by both the bars, and on each side of the fixed bar we
place a pin or pins of any convenient shape to form guides, the loop
being slotted on either side to correspond, and at the back we place a
screw or wedge to draw the teeth into their respective places. On the
back of the fixed bar we place a light spring pushing against the loop
to maintain it in its proper position, viz., so that the teeth may not
come in contact when the clamp is loosened.
AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION TO BE USED AS FUEL FOR HOUSEHOLD PURPOSES, AND THE METHOD OF PREPARING, FORMING, OR MANUFACTURING THE SAME
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jules Mason at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th January
1868.
I, JULES MASON, of Sunderland, in the County of Durham, Coal
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED COMPOSITION TO BE USED AS FUEL FOR HOUSEHOLD PURPOSES, AND
THE METHOD OF PREPARING, FORMING, OR MANUFACTURING THE SAME," to be
as follows:-
By the proper admixture of small coals & what is known by the
name of duff, together with either pitch or tar, a composition is formed
which is then tightly pressed into oval and round blocks, or into any
of the various shapes shown in the designs hereunto annexed, and
weighing from one to two pounds, or to any convenient weight or
size. I take the small coals, duff, and pitch or tar in the proportion of
about eight per cent. of tar or pitch to each ton of coal, & mix the
same together cold, & after the composition is formed it is then
tightly pressed by means of hydraulic or any other pressure into the
forms above named.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR REDUCING THE FRICTION AND ASSISTING THE FLOTATION OF VESSELS WHEN PASSING THROUGH THE WATER
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Thomas Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th December 1868.-A communication from abroad by Adrien
Hucet, of Delft, in the Kingdom of Holland, Civil Engineer.
I, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes and Son,
Patent Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS AND APPARATUS
FOR REDUCING THE FRICTION AND ASSISTING THE FLOTATION OF VESSELS WHEN
PASSING THROUGH THE WATER," a communication to me from abroad by
Adrien Huet, of Delft, in the Kingdom of Holland, Civil Engineer,
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to micans and apparatus for reducing the friction
and assisting the flotation of steam, sailing, and other ships or vessels
when passing through the water, by which means a much greater speed
is attained with less motive power than at present, and the Invention
consists in arranging cylindrical or other suitably shaped bodies beneath
and partially above the water line of such vessels, and either at the bow,

page_text: stern, or other desirable position. The said cylindrical or other bodies
may be constructed of any suitable material, and are preferably hollow
and smooth on their outer surfaces (but in some cases they may be
undulating or uneven), and closed on all sides, having axles projecting
from either end, by means of which the said cylinders are enabled to
revolve in bearings fixed to the sides of or beneath the vessel, the rotary
motion being imparted to them by the friction caused by the passage of
the vessel through the water acting upon their peripheries (in the same
way that a carriage wheel is caused to revolve by its friction on the
road), thus changing the skin friction of the ordinary form of vessels
into the friction of rotation, which is much more easily overcome. These
cylindrical or other bodies may be so placed in their respective bearings
that they will float on the water, in such manner that the weight of the
vessel is partially supported by that part of their area below the water
line. The number of these cylinders and their dimensions are determined
by the size and displacement of the vessels to which they are adapted,
and their axes may be inclined either from-the-vertical or horizontal line
or may be placed either in a vertical or horizontal position at any part
of the surface of the vessel, and supported by trunnions, guides, and
springs or in any other known manner.