IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR EFFECTING AGRICULTURAL OPERATIONS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Blythe Robinson, of Beverley, in the County
of York, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR EFFECTING AGRICULTURAL OPERATIONS."-A communication.
Sealed the 14th November 1856, and dated the 11th September 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Blythe Robinson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th September 1856.
I, JOHN BLYTHE ROBINSON, of Beverley, in the County of York, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR EFFECTING AGRICULTURAL OPERATIONS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to the subject matter of Letters Patent,
bearing date the Tenth day of May, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
three, and granted to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the
County of Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, for the
term of fourteen years from the day of the date thereof, for "improvements
in machinery or apparatus for effecting agricultural operations," and which
said Letters Patent were by a certain Indenture, bearing date the Twentieth
day of December One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, and made
between the said John Henry Johnson, of the one part, and Robert Romaine,
then of Montreal, in Canada, but then residing in Kelvedon, in the County of
Essex, Gentleman, of the other part, granted and assigned unto the said
Robert Romaine, his executors, administrators and assigns, thenceforth for all
the residue then to come and unexpired of the said term of fourteen years,
granted by the said Letters Patent, and to the Specification filed in the Great

page_text: Seal Patent Office, and dated on the Tenth day of November, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-three, in pursuance thereof. And this Invention
has also reference to the subject matter of Letters Patent, bearing date the
Sixth day of January One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, and granted
to the said John Henry Johnson, for the term of fourteen years from the
day of the date thereof, for "improvements in machinery or apparatus for
effecting agricultural operations, parts of the said improvements being appli-
cable for the obtainment of motive power for general purposes," and which
said last-mentioned Letters Patent, by a certain Indenture, bearing date
the Twenty-first day of December One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five,
and made between the said John Henry Johnson of the one part, and the said
Robert Romaine of the other part, were granted and assigned unto the said
Robert Romaine, his executors, administrators, and assigns, thenceforth during
all the residue then to come and unexpired of the said term of fourteen years
granted by the said Letters Patent, and to the Specification of such last-
mentioned Letters Patent filed in the Great Seal Patent Office, and dated the
Sixth day of July, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five. And this
Invention has also reference to the subject matter of a Memorandum of Altera-
tion of the Specification of the said last-mentioned Patent of the Sixth day of
January One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, under the hand and seal
of the said Robert Romaine, bearing date the Nineteenth day of April
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, and entered and filed by the said
Robert Romaine as such assignee as aforesaid, pursuant to the Statutes
in that case made and provided. In order the better to adapt the machine
patented as aforesaid for receiving several of the improvements herein-after
set forth, I find it convenient to use, as a steam generator, the well-known
form of the locomotive engine boiler instead of the upright tubular boiler, as
explained and figured in the aforesaid Patents. A pair of steam engines will
be attached to the boiler in such manner that the driving or crank shaft shall
pass through the centres of the two main supporting wheels of the machine,
which will be made to revolve upon hollow instead of upon solid axles, as set
forth in the Specification of the said Letters Patent of the Sixth day of
January One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five. The main supporting
wheels will be driven by means of spur pinions and wheels, which gear or
work into teeth suitably formed in the body of the periphery of the said
main supporting wheels, instead of by means of the round studs or holes
as arranged and described in the Specification of the said Letters Patent
of the Sixth day of January One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five. In
like manner power will be communicated to the digging cylinder by means

page_text: of spur instead of bevel gearing, described in the Specification of the last-
mentioned Patent. In order to guide or steer the machine more readily and
effectually than was mentioned or set forth in either of the two before-
mentioned Specifications, I support the front part of the machine by means
of one or more wheels, to the axles of which suitable gearing and apparatus
will be applied so as to direct the machine in its required path. The turning
of the machine partly or completely round will be effected by means of the
engine power and gearing applied to the main supporting wheels, arranged
and propelled as herein-before mentioned, combined with the self or controlled
action of the leading wheels. By the connection of these leading wheels with
the boiler, I am also enabled more nearly to maintain or regulate the horizontal
position of the boiler and the water level when travelling over undulating
surfaces, with the view of effecting a more complete disintegration and inter-
mixture of the soil than was obtained by the use of the digging bars and
knives described in the Specifications of either of the two Patents before
mentioned. I propose to attach to a digging cylinder, similarly placed in the
machine, as described in the said Specifications of the two Patents before
mentioned, or one of them, separate knives or cutters, so formed that no
portion of their surface except their cutting edges shall be exposed to the
resistance of the soil in effecting its abrasion. From this construction, and
the generally improved disposition above mentioned of the principal working
parts of the machine, I obtain not only a considerable reduction in the power
consumed in digging and otherwise cultivating the soil by steam, but greater
manageableness of the machine and increased facility of evolution necessary for
its complete adaptation to agricultural operations.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Blythe Robinson in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 9th March 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
BLYTHE ROBINSON, of Beverley, in the County of York, Gentleman, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her reign
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
John Blythe Robinson, Her special licence that I, the said John Blythe

page_text: Robinson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said John Blythe Robinson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR EFFECTING AGRICULTURAL OPERATIONS," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said John Blythe Robinson, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Blythe Robinson, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say):-
This Invention has reference to the subject matter of Letters Patent bearing
date the Tenth day of May, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, and
granted to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, for the term of four-
teen years from the day of the date thereof, for "improvements in machinery
or apparatus for effecting agricultural operations," and which said Letters
Patent were, by a certain Indenture bearing date the Twentieth day of
December One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, and made between the
said John Henry Johnson, of the one part, and Robert Romaine, of Montreal,
in Canada, but then residing in Kelvedon, in the County of Essex, Gentleman,
of the other part, granted and assigned unto the said Robert Romaine, his
executors, administrators, and assigns, thenceforth for all the residue then to
come and unexpired of the said term of fourteen years granted by the said
Letters Patent, and to the Specification filed in the Great Seal Patent Office,
and dated on the Tenth day of November One thousand eight hundred and
fifty-three, in pursuance thereof.
And this Invention has also reference to the subject matter of other Letters
Patent, bearing date the sixth day of January One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-five, and granted to the said John Henry Johnson for the term
of fourteen years from the day of the date thereof for "improvements in
machinery or apparatus for effecting agricultural operations, parts of the said
improvements being applicable for the obtainment of motive power for

page_text: general purposes," and which said last-mentioned Letters Patent, by a certain
Indenture bearing date the Twenty-first day of December One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-five, and made between the said John Henry Johnson of the
one part, and the said Robert Romaine of the other part, were granted and
assigned unto the said Robert Romaine, his executors, administrators, and
assigns, thenceforth during all the residue then to come and unexpired of the
said term of fourteen years granted by the said Letters Patent, and to the
Specification of such last-mentioned Letters Patent filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office, and dated the Sixth day of July One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-five.
And this Invention has also reference to the subject matter of a Memorandum
of Alteration of the Specification of the said last-mentioned Patent of the Sixth
day of January One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, under the hand and
seal of the said Robert Romaine, bearing date the Nineteenth day of April
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, and entered and filed by the said
Robert Romaine, as such assignee as aforesaid, pursuant to the Statutes in
that case made and provided.
The advantages of this Invention mainly consist,—
First, in the novel combination of the boiler and framework of the machine,
whereby superior strength and lightness are attained.
Secondly, in the application of spur gearing to the rim or periphery (either
interiorily or exteriorily) of the main supporting wheels as a means of propelling
the machine.
Thirdly, in a more simple and more compact arrangement of machinery for
propelling the machine, and actuating the digging cylinder than has hitherto
been used.
Fourthly, in the addition of a steering apparatus by which the direction of
the machine's motion may be easily and rapidly changed, and the machine's
turning may be effected either completely or partly round in its own length.
Fifthly, in the peculiar form of the cutters or digging bars, whereby they
are made to enter the earth, so that no part of their surface will be exposed to
the resistance thereof but their cutting edges.
This Invention will be more particularly explained by reference to the
accompanying Drawings, in which the same letters indicate the same parts of
the machine throughout.
Figure 1, Sheet 1, is a longitudinal elevation of one form of this Invention;
Fig. 2 is a plan of the same, with the boiler and digging cylinder removed;
Fig. 3 is an end elevation, with the digging cylinder removed. The direction
of the machine's onward progress is indicated by arrows in Fig. 1, and the

page_text: direction of the digging cylinder is indicated by arrows in Fig. 8, leaving
behind it a seed bed thoroughly pulverized, levelled, and untrodden by the
weight of the machine.
Sheet 1, Fig. 1, H, H, two ordinary high-pressure steam engines bolted to
each side of framework G with all their working parts; I is a transverse
shaft carrying the fly wheels K, K, cast with crank bosses; D, D, spur
pinions fast on shaft I gearing into spur wheels E, E, which gear into the
spur wheels F, F, fast on the digging cylinder trunnions 02, 02; C, C',
fast motion pinions, loose on shaft I, and thrown into gear by clutches 0, 0,
and lever Q. The shaft I carries also the eccentrics for working the valve
rods (not shown). L, L, connecting rods; M, pulley fast on a transverse shaft
placed instead of the tubular stay G¹ for doing other work than cultivating;
P, P, slow motion clutches running loose on a feather on shaft N, which also
carries spur wheels E, E, and pinion C, C, thrown into gear by lever R;
S, governor, driven by a conical pulley on shaft I. The steam engines are
connected with the boiler by induction pipes to a throttle valve in the smoke
box; the exhaust pipes pass through the smoke box to the chimney. T is the
tank for the supply of feed water; U, U, inside iron plates bolted to frame G,
and to flanged collars encircling the tubular stay G¹ immediately behind the
transverse shaft I; V, V, short axles carrying the loose wheels B, B', supported
at one end by plates U, U, and at the other by frame G; X, X, pumps bolted
on to the top of steam engines, the plungers of which are worked by upright
arms attached to cross head; H³, screws, one on each side, furnished with
worms, worm wheels, and hand wheels for raising and depressing the digging
cylinder, with an oblong slot at its lower end to suit the curve. The digging
cylinder takes in its connection with the spur gearing that drives it. h¹, h¹, are
guide pieces attached to the frame G to keep and guide the screws H³ in an
upright position.
Fig. 8 is a longitudinal section of an improved and more compact form
of the same machine, shewing a pair of high-pressure steam engines placed
in the bottom of the smoke box, with their working parts under the boiler
similar to the ordinary inside cylinder locomotive, except that the main
driving or crank shaft K' is continued to the outside of frame G, and passes
through the centres of the main supporting wheels B, B', (which is better
seen in Figure 10). The crank shaft K¹ can be worked also across the top
of the boiler through the centres of the wheels B, B¹, by placing the engines
at the top of the smoke box, or at the top of the fire box, and lowering the
boiler below the centres of the wheels B, B¹; the fire box being also extended
upwards, so as to affix the plates C2, C3, to it, and the smoke box following out

page_text: the same arrangement as that under the boiler. A is a common locomotive
boiler; A¹ is a boiler plate, cylinder, or barrel to bolt the digging cutters or
bars on to; a¹ is the crown plate of the inside fire box, inclined towards the
door, so as to maintain a greater depth of water at that end of the boiler than
at the other end; a² is an ash-pan; T, tank for feed water, being formed by
the extension of the outside shell of the fire box; E¹, wooden platform for the
engineer to stand on; D, spur pinion; F, spur wheel; O, hollow trunnions
of digging cylinder; d, crank on spur pinion D.
Fig. 9 is a plan of the same machine, with the shell of the boiler and
the working parts of the steam engines removed, shewing two full rows of
cutters as arranged on the digging cylinder, the remainder being indicated
by stars; C, C2, inside iron plates rivetted to the boiler, extending from
fire box to smoke box, and rivetted to both the latter by means of angle iron
pieces; D', cross plate or stay to support the ends of the guide bars, pumps,
&c. &c.; H, H, steam engines; I', I', induction pipes; J¹, J', exhaust pipes; K',
crank shaft, passing through the centres of the main supporting wheels B, B,
to the ends of which are keyed the fly wheels K, K, cast with crank bosses;
K, K2, connecting rods connecting the cranks d' and cranks d²; G is an
iron plate framework extending the whole length of the machine, firmly
secured to the boiler A by means of the iron plate stays S², S².
I make no claim as to novelty with regard to the arrangement of the boiler
and engines, adopting any arrangement of the said boiler and engines which
will admit of the action of the main driving or crank shaft, in the manner
herein described; but I claim as novel the arrangement of the said main
driving or crank shaft when passing or working through the axles or centres
of the main supporting wheels. I also claim as novel in the part last described
the construction of the framework G, and its connection with the boiler.
Fig. 10 is a plan of the same machine, being a section through the centres of
the main supporting wheels B, B', shewing the spur gearing N¹ let into the body
of the rim or periphery of the said wheels B, B', and its connection with the main
driving or crank shaft K', by means of the spur gearing on the intermediate
shaft P¹, the slow motion shaft Q', and the fast motion shaft Q2, (the latter
only seen in Fig. 11,) the working parts of the steam engines in this plan,
Fig. 10, being removed; L, L', hollow or tubular axles, with a broad flange
at each end to bolt to inside plates C2, C2, and bracket M³ on frame G; M², M¹,
plummer blocks bolted to frame G carrying ends of crank shaft K¹; m², m²,
countersunk bolts supporting hollow axles L', and plummer blacks M², passed
through the plates C2, C3; 01, 0¹, bushes fast in the naves of the wheels B, B¹,
with annular chambers for oil, revolving round the hollow axles L', L'; P¹,

page_text: intermediate shaft supported by plummer blocks bolted to inside plates C³, C²;
Q, slow motion shaft, also supported by plummer blocks on the inside plates
C³, C²; R¹, R', R', spur pinions and wheels fast on their shafts, arranged to
propel the machine the required speed, and driven by the spur pinion R*, fast
on the crank shaft K'; the shaft Q is continued to the outside, and overhangs
beyond the inside plates C2, C3, far enough to carry at each end the spur
pinions C, C, which gear or work into the spur teeth N', let into or formed in
the body of the rim or periphery of the main supporting wheels B, B¹; the
pinions C, C, are thrown into and out of gear with the slow motion shaft Q',
by means of the clutches V and levers U; the levers U have their fulcrums
and move in lugs attached to the plates C, C, and answer the double purpose
of throwing into and out of gear alternately the slow and fast motion shafts
Q, Q; they are extended backwards to the top of the platform E¹, and are
worked by upright handles or levers attached to their ends.
Fig. 11 is a side view of the pitch lines of the spur gearing under the boiler,
and spur gearing in the wheels B, B', shewing the end of the fast motion
shaft Q, and a side view of the fast motion wheel R³, Figures 1, 2, and 3;
B, B', a pair of broad-faced main supporting wheels loose on their axles; b¹, b¹,
bolts passed transversely through the rim or periphery, and screwed up by means
of the nuts n¹, n¹, as shewn in Fig. 12, Sheet 3; 62, 63, iron ferrules encircling
the bolts b¹, b¹, let into the centre of the body of the rim or periphery, or they
may be let into either side of the body of the rim or periphery, and screwed up
in like manner, as shewn in Fig. 13, Sheet 3; 63, 63, large iron washers counter-
sunk into each side of the rim or periphery, through which also pass the bolts
6, 6; the spur teeth thus formed by means of the bolts and ferrules 61, 62,
placed flush with the tire have a tendency to create a bite or friction on ordinary
dry land to prevent the wheels B, B¹, from slipping, at the same time the spur
teeth so arranged reduce materially the bearing surface or buoyancy of the
wheels B, B'; it therefore becomes necessary where the land is soft and wet
to get more buoyancy or bearing surface and some other means of bite or
friction to obtain more bearing surface. The spur teeth are affixed and driven
by spur pinion on the inside of the rim or periphery instead of the outside, and
let into the body of the said rim or periphery at one side by means of an
annular step or space formed for their reception. The spur teeth N¹ may
either be formed by bolts and ferrules as described, or they may be formed in
the usual manner, and let into the body of the rim or periphery in segments, or
in one piece, and bolted through the tire as shewn in Fig. 10, Sheet 2, where
also is shewn the means of obtaining a bite or friction for soft and wet soils.
Figures 7 and 15 are conical and rectangular spikes or studs with shanks

page_text: passing through and secured on the inside of the rim or periphery of the wheels
B, B'; they are formed of different lengths and sizes with one or more shanks
as required, and are set or placed transversely to the rim or periphery of the
wheels B, B', or inclined thereto at certain distances apart round the outside
circumference of the wheels B, B¹. I claim as novel the application of spur
gearing to the main supporting wheels B, B', as described and shewn in
Figures 1, 2, 3, and 10.
Fig. 2, Sheet 1, is a plan view of one of the arrangements of the steering
apparatus. W, W', a pair of broad-faced wheels; F', F', an open framework
of wood or metal, to which are attached on the under side two flat metal rings
or washers c', seen dotted in in Fig. 1 ; b, b, worm wheels cast with an annular
chamber to receive the rings c' and oil for lubrication; c, loose washer bolted
to the inside of the worm wheel 6, overlapping the flat ring c' and keeping it
attached to the worm wheel b. d, d, Fig. 1, are short separate axles passed
through the bushes in the naves of the wheels W, W', the ends of which are
fitted into brackets upon the worm wheels b, b; e, short shaft fitted loosely at
each end in the cross pieces of the frame F¹; f is an eye or hole in shaft e to
receive the king bolt (not shewn); this king bolt is screwed and furnished with
a nut and lever to raise or lower the front part of the machine and maintain.
the horizontal position of the boiler; g is a shaft attached to frame F¹;
h, h, are worms, loose and kept in their places on the shaft g by collars;
i, i, are clutches, loose, running on feathers on the shaft g; j, j, are levers
to throw out and into gear the worms h, h; k, k, are cranks at each end
of shaft g. By the aid of the cranks k, k, and worm wheel gearing, the
two wheels W, W¹, in their onward progress, are controlled, and are capable of
being adjusted parallel to each other, but in turning round or partly turning
they then have both to assume different angles to the line of the machine, and
different angles to each other; either of the wheels W, W', may also be
turned and controlled independently of each other, by means of the said
cranks k, k, and worm wheel gearing attached to the framework F¹.
Fig. 6, Sheet 2, is a front end elevation, with the smoke-box door removed,
exhibiting another form of the steering apparatus last referred to. m, com-
pensating beam or lever, attached at its centre loosely on the boiler A at m³,
by means of which the front wheels W, W', are made to bear equally on
uneven surfaces; it is connected at each end by links o, o, to the brass nuts
p, p, which are screwed on to the upper ends of the vertical forked spindles q, q.
To render the machine more manageable and self-acting in turning or partly
turning round, the forked spindles q, q, should be cranked similar to those of
caster wheels, as shewn in Figure 16, and dotted in in Figure 6, so that when

page_text: the clutches i, i, are thrown out of gear with the worn wheels b, b, the wheels
W, W', are not controlled, and are free to assume any angle required by the
machine in turning round or partly turning round. S¹, S¹, iron plate brackets,
fitted with collars, through which the forked spindles pass and maintain their
vertical position; they are bolted to the smoke box and frame G., To main-
tain the horizontal position of the boiler in going over uneven or undulating
surfaces, it is necessary to screw up or down the nuts p, p, which revolve
loosely in the collars p, p, attached by bosses to the links o, o.
wheels on the ends of the transverse shaft g; h, h, worms on the shaft g.
t, t, hand
In the construction of this part of the machine, I use two sorts of forked
spindles for the wheels W, W', the one straight as in Figure 6, Sheet 2, th
other cranked as in Figure 16, Sheet 3; the wheels W, W¹, themselves are of
the same kind, but in speaking of them hereafter I term them, for convenience
of description, plain or caster wheels, according as the forked spindles are
straight or cranked. In Figure 14 the machine is shewn to be in readiness
to turn to the right, the wheels W, W₁, being placed at the proper angles to
travel around a centre of B' which is put out of gear for the purpose; B being
in gear, and put in motion, travels also around a centre of B', as shewn by the
arrows and lines, until it and the wheels W, W¹, assume the position seen dotted
in in Figure 14, being directly alongside and nearly parallel to the breadth
of land previously operated upon by the machine; when the wheels W, W',
are again placed parallel to each other and in a line with the machine, wheel B'
is then thrown into gear, the digging cylinder lowered to its work, when the
machine is ready to proceed forward in a direct line, leaving a seed bed the
width of the digging cylinder. In this evolution of turning I have referred to
the plain wheels W, W³, being placed in position by the steersman with the
aid of the steering apparatus, but when caster wheels are used it is only
necessary to throw them both out of gear with the worm wheels b, b, and put
the wheel B in motion, when they will assume of themselves the proper posi-
tions required as shewn in Figure 14, and are therefore self-acting and self-
adjusting in turning. A still more rapid mode of turning the machine is
effected by throwing the fast motion gearing on the wheel B, while B¹ is left
working with the slow motion gearing. The motions above described are all
for turning to the right, but as the machinery is similar on either side, the
corresponding movements to the left may be made in a precisely similar
manner. One caster wheel instead of two may be made to answer, placed in
front and centre of the machine, but I should here observe that I give the
preference to two caster wheels instead of one caster wheel on account of their
giving more stability to the machine in travelling over the ground. I also

page_text: give the preference to caster wheels over plain wheels on account of their self-
adjusting action, a matter of great moment in turning, especially when the
surface of the land is irregular.
I claim as novel this arrangement by which the wheels of the said steering
apparatus can be turned independently of each other.
I also claim as novel the employment of the said caster wheel or wheels in
the construction of the said steering apparatus.
Figure 4, Sheet 1, is a back view of one form of the cutters or digging bars,
full size; and Figure 5 is a side view of the same. They are made of different
sizes to suit the work to be done; their attachment to the digging cylinder A¹
is better seen in Sheet 3, Figure 17, which is a plan in section through the
centre of the digging cylinder A', shewing its attachment to the hollow trun-
nions 0,02; p, p², countersunk bolts passed through the head of the digging
cylinder, loose washer, and through the collar of the trunnions 02, 02; the
trunnions 0%, 0, are continued outside the framework G to carry the raising
and lowering screw or apparatus H¹ and the spur wheels F, F; o¹, o¹, in
Figure 1, Sheet 1, are loose plummer blocks formed with grooves to suit and
slide in the curved slots seen in frame G, so as to permit the digging cylinder
to rise and fall.
Figure 18, Sheet 3, is a side elevation of another form of cutter or digging
bar; Figure 19 a section, and Figure 20 a plan of the same.
I claim as novel the form of cutters or digging bars shewn in Figures 4, 5,
18, 19, and 20. I do not claim as novel the use of the digging cylinder or
barrel A', but I do claim the novel mode of its attachment to the hollow trun-
nions 02, 0%, and to the digging cutters or bars.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Blythe Robinson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Seventh day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
JN° BLYTHE ROBINSON. (L.S.)
Signed sealed and delivered by the above-
named John Blythe Robinson, in the
presence of
JN BLYTHE ROBINSON. (L.S.)
Signed sealed and delivered by the above-
named John Blythe Robinson, in the
presence of
WM. WATSON, Clerks to Messrs. Robinson & Atkinson,
Solicitors, Beverley.
R. G. USHER,