Manufacture of Bricks, Tiles, and other Articles therefrom.
Year: 1884

page_text: Manufacture of Bricks, Tiles, and other Articles therefrom.
I, JOHN THOMAS WELCH, 4 Victoria Place, Bethesda, in the County of
Carnarvon, Watchmaker and Jeweller, do hereby declare the nature of my said
invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE UTILIZATION OF A WASTE PRODUCT AND
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, TILES AND OTHER ARTICLES THEREFROM to be
as follows:-
c
"
In the slate quarries of Wales and elsewhere, there are enormous quantities of
debris too small or too narrow, cracked, unsplitable, or flawed, to make roofing
slates of, and a use for this material has long been desired. Now I have found
that if this slate be ground up and pressed with hydraulic pressure, I can make it
into blocks; and that if these blocks be dipped in potters slip and burnt, they
make excellent tiles and other objects. I therefore propose to grind or otherwise
pulverize the slate into powder, and (either alone, or in coarser work in mixture
with small fragments of slate) to submit it to heavy pressure in dies, and then
bake it with or without slip glaze or other like material.
The machinery I propose to use, is that in ordinary use for other objects,
disintegrators and stones, stamps, roller mills, or other pulverizers.
WP. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, and
323, High Holborn, London, W.C.,
Patent Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in the Utilization of a Waste Product, and in the
Manufacture of Bricks, Tiles, and other Articles therefrom.
I JOHN THOMAS WELCH of N° 4 Victoria Place Bethesda in the County of
Carnarvon Watchmaker and Jeweller do hereby declare the nature of my
invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE UTILIZATION OF A WASTE PRODUCT AND
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS TILES AND OTHER ARTICLES THEREFROM and
"
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :—
In the Slate Quarries of Wales and elsewhere there are enormous quantities of
debris which on account of being too small or too narrow, cracked, unsplitable, or
flawed, are useless in their natural state for the purpose of making roofing slates or
other articles and a use for this material has long been desired-Now I have found
out that if this slate be ground up and subjected to the process hereinafter
particularly described I can make it into blocks for various purposes and into
excellent bricks tiles and other articles.
The slate is to be ground or otherwise pulverized or disintegrated, by the use of
disintegrators, rolling mills, or other kind of crushing machinery, into powder of
any required degree of coarseness or fineness according to the nature of the articles
required to be produced.
I have found that powdered slate which will pass through a wire sieve containing
256 meshes to the superficial inch will answer well for bricks and other rough or
common articles whilst for finer work powder which will pass through a fine hair
sieve may be used with good results-I do not however confine myself to these
details.
In coarse work the powdered or granulated slate may be mixed with small
fragments of slate somewhat larger in size than the particles of powdered or
granulated slate forming the general body of the material.
The powdered or granulated slate thus prepared is slightly moistened with water
but not sufficiently to change its condition as powder; this damped powdered or
granulated slate is placed in necessary quantities in suitable moulds or shaping
forms of a press or moulding machine of any suitable construction in which it is
pressed by any suitable pressure into a cake or block of any desired form and into
the forms of bricks tiles or other articles in a similar manner to what is known as
the "dust process" in the pottery manufacture after which it is removed from the
mould or shaping form and dried in a similar manner to that adopted by potters in
drying their goods preparatory to their being placed in the kiln. The goods when
sufficiently dried are placed in a kiln in which they are submitted to heat for a
considerable period (generally about 36 hours more or less) in a similar manner to
that adopted for ordinary pottery goods but although the heat must be sufficient to
bring the component parts of the slate to the point of fusion it should not be so
high nor continued so long as to cause the material to fuse to such a degree as to
lose its shape-It will be found that alate treated as above described and without
the admixture of any other material except water when fired will have great
hardness and durability on account of the natural constituents of the same,

page_text: If desired the articles may be fired to the biscuit form (which is effected in about
16 hours more or less according to the size of the articles and the heat to which
they are submitted) and used in that condition or after such firing they may be
dipped in potter's glaze or other like material to produce a glazed or colored
surface after which they are fired in a glost or other oven simply to fuse the glaze
or the firing may be continued a sufficient length of time to produce the effect first
above stated.
By the use of glaze or other matters applied to the surface of the articles in a
biscuit form the bricks, tiles or other articles may be glazed or colored as may be
desired.
The following are some of the benefits derived from the use of my invention.
1. The beneficial and long desired utilization of a material nearly all of which at
present merely forms enormous waste banks covering large areas of valuable land
and forming unsightly and expensive waste heaps.
2. The introduction and manufacture of bricks tiles and other articles of superior
character possessing exceeding hardness, extreme durability, fineness of grain, and
resistance to damp, being perfectly impervious when sufficiently fired.
3. The introduction of a long felt requirement to the Building trade of a building
material possessing the above qualities.
4. The employment of a large amount of labor in an entirely new industry.
5. The important assistance my invention would render to the development and
improvement of Slate quarries and the Slate trade by enabling that which at
present forms a costly draw back to the working of quarries to become a source of
profit.
6. The release for building or other purposes of large areas of valuable land and
to some extent dispensing with the danger of vast loose waste banks of slate.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I desire to state that
the utilization of slate debris for the manufacture of bricks tiles and other articles
is not new and a process for this purpose is described in the Specification of
Thomas Evans dated 1st February 1878 N° 431 and I make no claim to the process
therein described, but that what I claim is
1. The utilization of waste or refuse slate by grinding or disintegrating the
same, moistening it, then submitting it to heavy pressure in suitable moulds and
afterwards baking or firing the same substantially as herein described and for the
purpose stated.
2. The manufacture of bricks tiles and other articles from ground slate, moistened,
submitted to heavy pressure in suitable moulds, fired to the biscuit form, then, in
come cases, dipped into potters' glaze, or other suitable coloring material, and
afterwards fired or baked, substantially as herein described.
Dated this 17th day of Angust 1885.

page_text: Manufacture of Bricks, Tiles, and other Articles therefrom,
I, JOHN THOMAS WELCH, 4 Victoria Place, Bethesda, in the County of
Carnarvon, Watchmaker and Jeweller, do hereby declare the nature of my said
invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE UTILIZATION OF A WASTE PRODUCT AND
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, TILES AND OTHER ARTICLES THEREFROM" to be
as follows:-
In the slate quarries of Wales and elsewhere, there are enormous quantities of
debris too small or too narrow, cracked, unsplitable, or flawed, to make roofing
slates of, and a use for this material has long been desired. Now I have found
that if this slate be ground up and pressed with bydraulic pressure, I can make it
into blocks; and that if these blocks be dipped in potters slip and burnt, they
make excellent tiles and other objects. I therefore propose to grind or otherwise
pulverize the slate into powder, and (either alone, or in coarser work in mixture
with small fragments of slate) to submit it to heavy pressure in dies, and then
bake it with or without slip glaze or other like material.
The machinery I propose to use, is that in ordinary use for other objects,
disintegrators and stones, stamps, roller mills, or other pulverizers.
WP. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, and
323, High Holborn, London, W.C.,
Patent Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: "
Improvements in the Utilization of a Waste Product, and in the
Manufacture of Bricks, Tiles, and other Articles therefrom.
I JOHN THOMAS WELCH of No 4 Victoria Place Bethesda in the County of
Carnarvon Watchmaker and Jeweller do hereby declare the nature of my
invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE UTILIZATION OF A WASTE PRODUCT AND
" and
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS TILES AND OTHER ARTICLES THEREFROM
$1
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and 5
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
. In the Slate Quarries of Wales and elsewhere there are enormous quantities of
debris which on account of being too small or too narrow, cracked, unsplitable, or
flawed, are useless in their natural state for the purpose of making roofing slates or
other articles and a use for this material has long been desired-Now I have found 1
out that if this slate be ground up and subjected to the process hereinafter
particularly described I can make it into blocks for various purposes and into
excellent bricks tiles and other articles.
The slate is to be ground or otherwise pulverized or disintegrated, by the use of
disintegrators, rolling mills, or other kind of crushing machinery, into powder of
any required degree of coarseness or fineness according to the nature of the articles
required to be produced.
I have found that powdered slate which will pass through a wire sieve containing
256 meshes to the superficial inch will answer well for bricks and other rough or
common articles whilst for finer work powder which will pass through a fine hair
sieve may be used with good results-I do not however confine myself to these
details.
In coarse work the powdered or granulated slate may be mixed with small
fragments of slate somewhat larger in size than the particles of powdered or
granulated slate forming the general body of the material.
The powdered or granulated slate thus prepared is slightly moistened with water
but not sufficiently to change its condition as powder; this damped powdered or
granulated slate is placed in necessary quantities in suitable moulds or shaping
forms of a press or moulding machine of any suitable construction in which it is
pressed by any suitable pressure into a cake or block of any desired form and into
the forms of bricks tiles or other articles in a similar manner to what is known as
the "dust process" in the pottery manufacture after which it is removed from the
mould or shaping form and dried in a similar manner to that adopted by potters in
drying their goods preparatory to their being placed in the kiln. The goods when
sufficiently dried are placed in a kiln in which they are submitted to heat for a
considerable period (generally about 36 hours more or less) in a similar manner to
that adopted for ordinary pottery goods but although the heat must be sufficient to
bring the component parts of the slate to the point of fusion it should not be so
high nor continued so long as to cause the material to fuse to such a degree as to
lose its shape-It will be found that slate treated as above described and without
the admixture of any other material except water when fired will have great
hardness and durability on account of the natural constituents of the same.

page_text: If desired the articles may be fired to the biscuit form (which is effected in about
16 hours more or less according to the size of the articles and the heat to which
they are submitted) and used in that condition or after such firing they may be
dipped in potter's glaze or other like material to produce a glazed or colored
surface after which they are fired in a glost or other oven simply to fuse the glaze
or the firing may be continued a sufficient length of time to produce the effect first
above stated.
By the use of glaze or other matters applied to the surface of the articles in a
biscuit form the bricks, tiles or other articles may be glazed or colored as may be
desired.
The following are some of the benefits derived from the use of my invention.
1. The beneficial and long desired utilization of a material nearly all of which at
present merely forms enormous waste banks covering large areas of valuable land
and forming unsightly and expensive waste heaps.
2. The introduction and manufacture of bricks tiles and other articles of superior
character possessing exceeding hardness, extreme durability, fineness of grain, and
resistance to damp, being perfectly impervious when sufficiently fired.
3. The introduction of a long felt requirement to the Building trade of a building
material possessing the above qualities.
4. The employment of a large amount of labor in an entirely new industry.
5. The important assistance my invention would render to the development and
improvement of Slate quarries and the Slate trade by enabling that which at
present forms a costly drawback to the working of quarries to become a source of
profit
6. The release for building or other purposes of large areas of valuable land and
to some extent dispensing with the danger of vast loose waste banks of slate.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. The utilization of waste or refuse slate by grinding or disintegrating the
same, moistening it, then submitting it to heavy pressure in suitable moulds and
afterwards baking or firing the same substantially as herein described and for the
purpose stated.
2. The manufacture of bricks tiles and other articles from ground slate, moistened,
submitted to heavy pressure in suitable moulds, fired to the biscuit form, then, in
some cases, dipped into potters' glaze, or other suitable coloring material, and
afterwards fired or baked, substantially as herein described.