IMPROVEMENTS IN PAINTING BRUSHES, APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER BRUSHES AND TO BROOMS
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Nash, junior, of 134, Great Dover Road,
in the Parish of Saint Mary, Newington, in the County of Surrey, Brush
Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PAINTING BRUSHES,
APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER BRUSHES AND TO BROOMS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Nash at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
February 1855.
I, THOMAS NASп, junior, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PAINTING BRUSHES, APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER BRUSHES
AND TO BROOMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the adaptation to painting brushes of a binding
made of a webbing of flax, hemp, or other material, of strength and pliability
suited for the purpose, or of flax, hemp, or other suitable material made into
webbing or cloth, and then formed into a band for binding together the bristles,
hairs, &c. of the brush, and secured to the handle of the brush by metal bands,
with pins, rivets, or fasteners passing through the same.
This binding may be combined with string, wire, or other binding, if
desired. The above, although principally adapted for painting brushes, is
useful for other descriptions of brushes, and may be applied to brooms.
I can also cover the backs of scrubbing, shoe, and other brushes with
webbing instead of the usual veneers.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Nash in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
24th August 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
NASH, junior, of 184, Great Dover Road, in the Parish of Saint Mary,
Newington, in the County of Surrey, Brush Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Thomas Nash, Her special licence that I, the said Thomas Nash, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas
Nash, my exccutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PAINTING
BRUSHES, APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER BRUSHES AND TO BROOMS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Thomas Nash, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Nash, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The nature of the said Invention, which has already been intimated generally
by the Provisional Specification filed on application for the said Letters Patent,
is hereby particularly described and ascertained as follows, as required by the
said condition in the aforesaid Letters Patent contained, viz. :-
(T.) My Invention consists in this; that instead of using string, wire, or other
ordinary binding for painting or painters' brushes, I bind or secure the bristles,
hairs, or other materials forming the brush firmly and effectually to the handle
thereof by means of a webbing of linen, flax, or other material of the required
strength and pliability; or I bind such brushes by means of flax, hemp, or other
similar material formed into a webbing or cloth, (each piece for a binding being

page_text: selvaged or edged, so as not to be liable to be unravelled,) then made into a
suitable band, and applied as required. And further, I secure such binding
and handle firmly together by pins, rivets, or fasteners passing through the
binding the brush, and into or through the handle thereof, consequently securely
keeping the whole brush together; or I combine the webbing or cloth afore-
said with ordinary string, binding wire, binding paper or pasteboard, band
binding or metal bands, similar to those invented and formerly registered by me,
except that they should be very much thinner; and although this Invention is
above described with reference to painting brushes, it will be found useful for
distemper plasterers, and other brushes, and may be applied to brooms, such as
carpet brooms, made of whisks or similar material, which, when my Invention
is applied, will be bound with the webbing instead of leather. The webbing
aforesaid may also be applied with advantage to the backs of brushes instead
of the vencers hitherto employed, by being glued or cemented thereto.
(II.) Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of the
said Invention, I will now proceed to particularly describe and ascertain in what
manner the same is to be performed, by the following exemplification of the
modus operandi, which I usually adopt and would recommend.
I take a webbing or cloth, which I prefer should be best flax webbing, but
it may be best hemp webbing, or webbing of any of the textile materials of
sufficient strength to stand the wear and tear and the action of paints or
liquids in which it is destined to be used, though it may be preserved to a great
extent by being painted or coated over before being used. This webbing must
be of the same width as the binding is intended to be. Having obtained this
webbing, I measure off such a length thereof that when I make the same into
an endless band, which I do by turning end to end, and securing the two ends
by sewing over with a double lap seam, (though the two ends lapped over might
be secured by small rivets,) so that the endless band shall be of the proper
diameter to tightly encompass the bristles, hairs, &c., which are then placed in
this endless band, and the peg or handle is driven in in the usual manner.
Instead of the endless band being made by joining the ends of the piece of
webbing or cloth, such band may be woven of the right size without any joint
or seam. Having driven the handle tightly into its place, I drive through the
band, bristles, &c. at right angles, or as nearly so as may be, four or more
copper or other metallic rivets or pins, which are driven in similar manner
to ordinary nails; this being done, the whole will be firmly secured together,
and will form a brush that will stand greater wear and tear and other contin-
gencies better than any other in general use.
This Invention will be found extremely useful when applied to what is termod

page_text: "block" brushes, as by having the binding wide enough to cover the block,
and a sufficient depth of the bristles, hairs, &c., it will ensure that the block
shall not be disjointed from the bristles, hairs, &c.; for it may here be observed,
that the great advantage of the webbing over string or wire binding is, that
whilst string is wound in parallel lines side by side, or nearly so, the webbing
or cloth is composed of numerous strands or threads, which cross and recross
each other at angles or diagonally, which can be woven without a joint, but I
prefer making them with the joint. When this webbing is combined with
string binding, as is the case for those brushes termed sash tools, then, after the
root of the hairs, &c. has been bound to some extent with string, the band is
put on, which covers this string binding, and extends further, covering part of
the handle, to which it is firmly secured by winding string round the outside
of the webbing; and the webbing and handle may be rivetted or pinned
together as before described with regard to other painting brushes. When the
webbing is combined with wire binding the same method is adopted as just
described with regard to string. When this webbing is combined with paste-
board band binding, the pasteboard band is placed inside the webbing band and
stiffens it, and the two are then applied as before directed with regard to webbing
alone. When this webbing is combined with metal band binding it is neces-
sary to employ very thin metal, such as is known as "paper metal," which is
put on inside or outside webbing.
(III.) Having now described and ascertained the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that my
Invention is not limited to the particular practical details herein set forth, and
that I do not claim the said details; but what I claim is the Invention,
the nature and character whereof is set forth in the outset (I.) of this my
Specification thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Nash, junior, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
THOMAS NASH, JUN. (L.S.)
Signed and sealed in my presence,
F. W. CAMPIN,
Patent Agent, 156, Strand.