Improvements in Apparatus and Arrangements for Supplying Combustible Liquids such as Paraffin Oil, to Self Generating Burners for Producing Light.
Year: 1884

page_text: Improvements in Apparatus and Arrangements for Supplying
Combustible Liquids such as Paraffin Oil, to Self Generating
Burners for Producing Light.
I ROUGHSEDGE WALLWORK, of the firm of Henry Wallwork and Company, of
Union Bridge Iron Works, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Ironfounder,
do hereby declare the nature of said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
AND ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUPPLYING COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS SUCH AS PARAFFIN
OIL TO SELF GENERATING BURNERS FOR PRODUCING LIGHT," to be as follows:-
In outdoor works, mines, tunnels and other places, lamps having burners for
generating gas from paraffin oil, Naphtha and other combustible liquids aro
preferred as they give a better open light than coal gas and one not being liable to
be put out by wind or currents of air, but the objection has been that the lamps
or vessels connected with the generating burners have to be replenished so
repeatedly.
My improvements in lighting consist in arranging main pipes to any required
extent and in any required directions with branch junctions where required each
supplied with a cock or valve leading to a pipe and ordinary burner for generating
gas from liquids such as paraffin oil, Naphtha, and other combustible oils and
burning the same in such burners to give light. The main pipe for the oil is
supplied from a cistern, barrel, or other vessel, and leaves the top of the cistern and
is forced out by admitting water under pressure into the lower part of the cistern
from any main cistern or other source of supply having sufficient pressure.
The paraffin or Naphtha or other oil, floats on the top of the water and is thus
expelled by the pressure of the water acting below it.
There is a cock at the outlet for oil from the cistern and a cock for the inlet and
outlet for water and there is a funnel and cock for supplying oil to the cistern,
when empty of oil, in which case the water is allowed to escape from the cistern
when it is to be recharged-In some situations where the water leaving the cistern
has sufficient fall, the upper part of the cistern is connected by a pipe passing to
the bottom of the barrel from which the fresh supply of oil is to be taken and if
this is left open to the atmosphere its pressure will force the oil out of the barrel
and into the cistern as the water is drawn off from it-Or the oil from the barrel
is pumped from it into the cistern or the barrel is placed in such position as to
allow the oil to flow by gravity to the supply cistern when to be recharged.

page_text: There is a glass tube outside the cistern and connected with it at the top and
bottom of the tube which will thus be filled with oil when the cistern is full but
when the water rises in the cistern to the entrance to the lower end of the glass
tube it will enter and this will show the depth of oil and when the cistern is
getting empty of oil.-The oil leaving the cistern is or may be made to pass through
an apparatus similar to a gas regulator, to regulate the pressure of the oil in the
pipes.
Or the pressure of the water in the cistern is or may be made constant by
supplying it from a cistern at the required height for the head or pressure required
above the oil supply cistern.
Two cisterns are or may be arranged together with suitable cocks and connecting
pipes so that one cistern may be filled with oil while it is being discharged from
the other into the main supply pipe.
The supply cisterns as above described may in some cases be dispensed with the
oil being pumped by motive power where available from the barrel or supply
directly into the main pipe passing through an apparatus similar to a gas regulator,
there being a loaded safety valve between the pump (reciprocating or centrifugal)
and pressure regulator to allow the oil pumped in excess to pass back through a
pipe into the barrel or cistern again.
Dated this twenty first day of November 1884.

page_text: Improvements in Apparatus and Arrangements for Supplying
Combustible Liquids such as Paraffin Oil to Self Generating
Burners for Producing Light.
I ROUGHSEDGE WALLWORK of the firm of Henry Wallwork and Company of
Union Bridge Iron Works, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster Ironfounder,
do hereby declare the nature of said invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
AND ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUPPLYING COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS SUCH AS PARAFFIN
OIL TO SELF GENERATING BURNERS FOR PRODUCING LIGHT and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertain in and by
the following statement :-
In outdoor works, mines, tunnels and other places, lamps having burners for
generating gas from paraffin oil, Naphtha and other combustible liquids are
preferred as they give a better open light than coal gas and one not being liable
to be put out by wind or currents of air, but the objection has been that the lamps
or vessels connected with the generating burners have to be replenished so
repeatedly.
My improvements is lighting consist in arranging main pipes to any required
extent and in any required directions with branch junctions where required each
supplied with a cock or valve leading to a pipe and ordinary burner, for generating
gas from liquids such as paraffin oil, Naphtha, and other combustible oils and
burning the same in such burners to give light. The main pipe for the oil is
supplied from a cistern, barrel or other vessel, and leaves the top of the cistern and
is forced out by admitting water under pressure into the lower part of the
cistern from any main cistern or other source of supply having sufficient pressure.
The paraffin or Naphtha or other oil, floats on the top of the water and is thus
expelled by the pressure of the water acting below it.
There is a cock at the outlet for oil from the cistern and a cock for the inlet and
outlet of water and there is a funnel and cock for supplying oil to the cistern,
when empty of oil in which case the water is allowed to escape from the cistern
when it is to be recharged-In some situations where the water leaving the
cistern has sufficient fall the upper part of the cistern is connected by a pipe
passing to the bottom of the barrel from which the fresh supply of oil is to be
taken and if this is left open to the atmosphere its pressure will force the oil out
of the barrel and into the cistern as the water is drawn off from it-Or the oil
from the barrel is pumped from it into the cistern or the barrel is placed in such
position as to allow the oil to flow by gravity to the supply cistern when to be
recharged.
There is a glass tube outside the cistern and connected with it at the top and
bottom of the tube which will thus be filled with oil when the cistern is full but
when the water rises in the cistern to the entrance to the lower end of the glass
tube it will enter, and this will show the depth of oil and when the cistern is
getting empty of oil-The oil leaving the cistern is or may be made to pass
through an apparatus similar to a gas regulator, to regulate the pressure of the oil
in the pipes.

page_text: Or the pressure of the water in the cistern is or may be made constant by
supplying it from a cistern at the required height for the head or pressure required
above the oil supply cistern.
Two cisterns are or may be arranged together with suitable cocks and connecting
pipes so that one cistern may be filled with oil while it is being discharged from
the other into the main 'supply pipe.
The supply cisterns as above described may in some cases be dispensed with the
oil being pumped by motive power where available from the barrel or supply
directly into the main pipe passing through an apparatus similar to a gas regulator,
there being a loaded safety valve between the pump (reciprocating or centrifugal) 1
and pressure regulator to allow the oil pumped in excess to pass back through a
pipe into the barrel or cistern again.
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of one arrangement of apparatus for carrying out
my invention.
a is a cistern, which is or may be made closed at one end and open at the other
but closed by a cover a¹. This cistern or vessel a is provided with junction pipes.
having taps b and c at its lower end, and with a junction pipe having a tap d at
its upper end, and it has also projections as formed in it which are bored out to
receive a glass tube e as shown which communicates both at its upper and lower
end with the cistern or vessel a.
The lid or cover a¹ has a funnel f secured to it, and within the funnel there is a
hollow valve plug 9 screwing into a hole in the cover a¹.
This valve plug is faced at g² with leather or other suitable material to make a
tight joint when screwed up.
A valve may be used in place of the screw plug opening inwards, and drawing
against the seating by a screw or other means. h is a pipe leading from the cover a¹
to the branch pipes h and burners i for burning paraffin oils and other similar
,combustible liquids, which burners are of ordinary or well known construction;
being a tap to regulate the supply to each burner.
The tap b is to admit water from any convenient source of supply under pressure
to the cistern a.
The tap c is for drawing off water, when the oil has been discharged from the
cistern.
The tap d is to allow air to pass out from the cistern a.
When the cistern is to be filled with paraffin or other suitable oil, the cocks b
and care closed, and the cock d is opened to allow air to pass out, the hollow
valve plugg is screwed up as shown and oil is poured into the funnel f and it
.passes from it through holes g' in the side of the plug and along the hollow of the
plug into the cistern and when the cistern is full the plug valve f is screwed down
to its seating the air cock or tap d is closed, and the cock or tap bis opened to
admit water under pressure which forces the oil in the cistern a above it up the
pipe to the burners i.
When a pressure of air is used in place of water it acts upon the upper surface
of the oil in the vessel a and is allowed to enter at the cock or tap d―in such
case the pipe h is extended, as shown by dotted line to near the bottom of the
cistern a.
If desired (when air pressure is used) there is or may be a separate plug or tap
to allow air to pass out when the vessel a is being filled with oil.
In some cases when water is used for forcing the oil from the cistern, a pipe may
be connected with the cock or tap d the end of such pipe being inserted into the
barrel or vessel from which the oil is to be supplied, and another pipe is connected
with the tap c the end or outlet of which is sufficiently below the cistern a to draw
the oil into the cistern a while the water is passing out through the tap c and its
pipe, the inlet cock b being shut while the cistern is being filled, and when full the
cocks c and d are closed and the cock b is opened.
Fig. 2 is a side elevation and fig. 3 a plan of part of the main and branch
pipes h and h¹ supplying the burners i.

page_text: Fig. 4 is a side elevation on a small scale of a portable arrangement of apparatus.
It may be provided with taps b, c and d as described in reference to fig. 1 or it is
provided with a tap b at the upper end with a pipe shown in dotted line extending
to the bottom of the vessel a, and with a screw plug for supplying oil to the
vessel A flexible india rubber tube is attached to the pipe for the tap b for
connecting it with the water under pressure or with air under pressure, when the
plug g is screwed in, to force the oil up the main pipe h to the branch pipes h¹ and
burners i.
When filling the cistern with oil the end of the flexible india rubber tube is or
may be detached from the water supply and its end taken to a position lower
than the bottom of the cistern a so that the water will be syphoned out of the
cistern and oil may be filled in, and when full the screw plug g is made tight and
the india rubber tube connected with the pressure supply pipe.
Or a screw plug or tap is or may be used at the lower part of the cistern a to
allow the water to escape when required.
Fig. 5 is a sectional elevation similar to that shown by fig. 4 except that the
pressure to act to force out the oil is obtained by the weight of a plunger or ram.
The cistern a is formed with a ram cylinder k in its interior which is secured. to
the cover or upper end of the cistern a.
The lower end of the ram cylinder k has a valve k¹ which opens into the ram
cylinder, and a ram 2 fits the cylinder which ram has an hydraulic or pump
packing disc or ring secured at its lower end to fit against the sides of the ram
cylinder.
The ram may be made solid or hollow and weighted by water or solid materials.
There is a pipe h from the bottom of the ram cylinder k and communicating
with its interior, which forms the main pipe h to the burners.
The ram kis lifted by the handle ³, this draws oil through the valve ¹ at the
lower end of the ram cylinder, from the cistern a surrounding it, and then the
weight of the ram when at liberty acts to force out the oil, the valve closing
against its return to the cistern.
The ram may also be same as an ordinary hydraulic ram or ram pump sliding
through a packing ring at the upper end of the cylinder k; the pipe h in which
case may communicate with the upper end of the ram cylinder.
Fig. 6 is a side elevation and fig. 7 a plan view of a portable cistern and supply
apparatus on wheels.
a is the cistern, with an axle, and two wheels a* and a foot a³ upon which it
stands, a are handles for wheeling it about to the position required-In the
cistern a there is a ram cylinder k in which a ram is fitted, having an hydraulic
packing ring secured to its lower end as explained in reference to fig. 5.
The ram is or may be loaded with weights, and it has a cross head * to
work upon upright pipe guides h and h* (the latter closed at its lower end) fixed
in the upper cover of the cistern a.
Inside the cistern and on the side of the ram cylinder 2 a small pump
cylinder is formed or attached, and is provided with a ram or piston and rod
jointed at 'with a rod 12 jointed to a hand lever having its fulcrum l^ on a
bracket secured to the upper cover of the cistern a.
The pump has the usual pump inlet valve to the pump barrel and an outlet
valve opening inwards to the rain cylinder k and closing against the return of
liquid therefrom.
By working the pump, oil is pumped from the cistern a into the ram cylinder k³
which thus lifts up the ram and the weight or pressure upon the latter causes
the oil in it to be forced up the main supply pipe from the bottom of the ram
cylinder to the burners.
The ram may be arranged as before explained in reference to fig. 5 with the
5 packing ring at the upper end of the ram cylinder 2, the ram k sliding through
the packing ring as in hydraulic rams.

page_text: Where power is available the pump is or may be kept constantly pumping and a
hole may be formed through the side of the ram cylinder 2 at its upper end so that
when the ram k, has lifted so that its lower end comes above the level of this hole
the surplus oil pumped will pass back into the cistern a.
When a ram is used sliding through a packing ring at the upper end of the
cylinder a hole is or may be formed in the upper part of the ram cylinder
communicating with a loaded valve opening from the ram cylinder to allow oil in
excess of the desired pressure to pass out of the ram cylinder and flow back into
the cistern.
In cases where power is available for driving one or more pumps, these are or
may be used for pumping oil from a cistern into the main supply pipe direct in
connection with which there is a loaded valve to allow oil to escape from the main
pipe in excess of the pressure required and flow back to the cistern, the weighted
ram being in such case dispensed with.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed;-I declare that what
I claim is
1. The apparatus and arrangements for supplying Paraffin, Naphtha and other
similar oils to self generating gas burners by the pressure of water, air or other
suitable fluid acting to force the oil from a cistern or other containing vessel
through pipes to the said burners, substantially as hereinbefore described and
illustrated by the drawings.
2. The apparatus and arrangements for supplying Paraffin, Naphtha and other
similar oils to self generating Gas burners by the action and pressure of pumps
and weighted rams, or by the pressure produced by pumps, combined with a valve 2
or valves for regulating the pressure and allowing surplus oil pumped or otherwise
forced, to pass back to the source of supply substantially as herein before described
and illustrated by the drawings.
Dated this twentieth day of August 1885.