APPARATUS FOR COMPRESSING COAL AND INTRODUCING THE SAME INTO COKE OVENS
Year: 1885

page_text: I, HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of said invention for APPARATUS FOR
COMPRESSING COAL AND INTRODUCING THE SAME INTO COKE OVENS, a communi-
cation to me from abroad by Julius Quaglio, Engineer, of 78, Friedrichstrasse,
Berlin, Germany, to be as follows:-
The compression of the coal before the carbonisation is effected by this apparatus
not after, but before introducing the coal into the oven. The apparatus may be
constructed and applied for all kinds of horizontal oven-systems. It comprises
principally two diverging side walls of equal length with the coking chamber; a
movable bottom plate and two end plates form therewith a parallelepipedic vessel,
the dimensions of which are but slightly smaller than the coking chamber, as far
as the same is intended to be filled with coal. This whole coal receptacle stands
on a carriage by means of which it can be brought before each coke chamber.
The process is effected as follows:-The carriage with the coal receptacle is
brought at one end of the coke oven battery, under a coal filling station, consisting
of a stand with rails, on which a hopper carriage filled with coal and running over
the entire length of the coal box, fills the latter with a uniformly distributed layer
of wet coal. This layer of coal is stamped or rolled fast, subsequently a second
layer is spread over, again stamped or rolled and so on, until the required height
of the coal cake is obtained. In the middle of the coal box an iron bar is inserted
and connected with the end plates. Now the carriage with the coal receptacle is
brought before that coke chamber which has just been emptied, the side walls are
unfolded or turned open, the emptying machine (situated at the opposite end of the
oven) is coupled with the bottom plate by means of a slit in the front of latter,
and subsequently the bottom plate with the end plates and the whole coal cake is
pulled into the coking chamber by driving the machine backward.
Subsequently the coupling is loosened, also the iron bar is pulled out of the cake,
the front plate removed, and the sliding doors of the oven are let down until they

page_text: nearly reach the bottom. Then the bottom is pulled out by means of a windlass
and chain or rope by hand or steam power, and the doors are well closed, and the
charging is finished. The carriage again goes to the coal filling station and the
process is repeated.
In the case that no coke ramp, or shoot, is employed, through which the glowing
coke can be quickly slaked and removed, an iron coke case of the same size as the
coke chamber, is placed on the same or on a separate carriage frame, into which
case the whole coke-cake is pushed and the latter is subsequently slaked by water
and steam. The coke may be pushed out of this case by the coke of the next.
chamber to be emptied, therefore emptied at the front end, or the coke may be
removed through the bottom, constructed as a flap door. Where room is scarce,
the emptying machine may be united with the charging machine. The end plates
in this case are much stronger and connected at the top by an iron stay. If the
room is sufficient, a toothed bar of the length of the oven and with gearing is
secured to one end plate; otherwise the pushing in and pulling out may be obtained
by means of an endless pitch chain, which runs over pulleys and is attached to the
end plate. In other respects the process is the same as described above.
The compression of the coal pieces may also be obtained by forming the coal
with water into bricks or large cakes, in rapidly working machines, then laying
the same quickly upon each other between the walls of the coal box and subse-
quently executing the same process as described.

page_text: Apparatus for Compressing Coal and Introducing the same into
Coke Ovens.
I HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of 67 Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, a communication to me
from abroad by I, Julius Quaglio, Engineer, of 78, Friedrichstrasse, Berlin, Germany,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The compression of the coal previous to carbonisation is effected by this apparatus
not after, but before introducing the coal into the oven.-The apparatus may be
constructed for and applied to all kinds of horizontal ovens.
As illustrated by the annexed drawings, Figs. 1-3, sheet I, the apparatus chiefly
comprises two movable side walls a of equal length with the coking chamber; a
movable bottom-plate b, and two end plates c c¹ forming therewith a rectangular
vessel, the dimensions of which are but slightly smaller, than the coking chamber,
as far as the same is intended to be filled with coal. This whole coal receptacle
stands on a carriage d, by means of which it can be brought before each coke-
chamber.
In the position represented by the drawings, the coking chamber A is just being
filled. In this case the improved apparatus is placed on the side opposite to the
coke-ejecting machine. The process is then carried out as follows:
The carriage with the coal receptacle is brought, at one end of the row of coke
ovens, under a coal-filling station, consisting of a stand with rails, on which a
hopper carriage, filled with coal and running over the entire length of the coal box,
fills the latter with a uniformly distributed layer of wet coal. This layer of coal is
stamped or rolled fast; subsequently a second layer is spread over, again stamped
or rolled, and so on, until the required height of the coal cake is obtained. In the
middle of the coal box, an iron bar c³ is inserted and connected with the end plates c c¹.
Now the carriage with the coal receptacle is brought before that coke-chamber,
which has just been emptied, the side walls are unfolded or turned open, the
emptying machine (situated at the opposite end of the oven) is coupled with the
bottom plate by means of a slit in the front end of the latter, and subsequently
the bottom plate with the end plates c and the whole coal cake is pulled into the
coking chamber, by driving the machine backward.
Subsequently the coupling is disconnected, also the iron bar c³ is pulled out of
the cake, the front plate c removed, and the sliding doors B are let down, until they
nearly reach the bottom b. Then the bottom b is pulled out by means of a wind-
lass h¹ and chain or rope i, by hand or steam power, and the doors are well closed
and the charging is finished. The carriage again goes to the coal filling station, and
the process is repeated.
.
In the case, that no coke-ramp or shoot is employed, through which the glowing
coke can be quickly slaked and removed, an iron coke-case, of the same size as the
coke chamber, is placed on the same or on a separate carriage frame, into which
case the whole coke cake is pushed, and the latter is subsequently slaked by water
and steam. The coke may be pushed out of this case by the coke of the next

page_text: chamber to be emptied, therefore emptied at the front end, or the coke may be
removed through the bottom, constructed as a flap door. Where room is scarce,
the emptying machine may be united with the charging machine, as shown by
Figs. 2 and 3. The end plates c and c¹ in this case are much stronger, and con-
nected at the top by an iron stay c. If there is sufficient room, a toothed rack of
the length of the oven and actuated by tooth gear, is secured to the end plate c;
otherwise the pushing in and pulling out may be obtained by means of the endless
pitch chain e, which runs over the pulleys f and is attached to the end plate c³.
Otherwise the process is the same as described above.
The compression of the coal pieces may also be obtained by forming the coal with
water into bricks or large cakes, in rapidly working machines, then laying the
same quickly upon each other between the walls of the coal-box and subsequently
preparing the same process as described above.
Experiments have shown, that with the application of this apparatus, also poor
coal, otherwise not adapted to be coked, produces compact and fast coke.
Instead of introducing the compressed coal cake by pushing or pulling the same
with the bottom and the front walls into the carbonizing chamber, as described, this
object may also be attained by means of a toothed rod attached directly to the
bottom, which rod gears into a pinion. The coal cake is then inserted with bottom,
toothed rod and end walls by turning the pinion.
In Fig. 1 of sheet II i shows the toothed rack and f the pinion. In Fig. 2 the
bottom plate consists of two parts b, which are fixed to the toothed bar from the
Bide..
In Fig. 3, the bottom plate consists of a single bent piece b, and is, in this case,
connected with the toothed bar i from the side and from above. All screw- and
rivet-heads must be sunk and flat, lest the pulling out from under the coal be
impaired. A slight, divergence of the sides of the toothed rack, diminishing
towards the carbonizing chamber may facilitate the extraction.
· The whole bottom plate, in the shape shown by Fig. 3 or Fig. 4, may also be
made of one or more parts in cast or wrought metal.
Another method of introducing the block of compressed coal may be obtained by
pushing or pulling the same with the side walls and front walls, over the bottom,
into the coke-chamber, removing the front wall, and pulling back the side walls.
If the coal has not sufficient cohesion to remain compact, a cover may be placed on
the coal, which cover is pulled out again with the side walls.
I have already remarked, that where there is no incline or storing place at
disposal for quickly cooling and removing the hot coke, a second case of the size of
the coke chamber may be employed, into which case or chest the block of glowing
coke is pushed and in which it is cooled.
The arrangement of the stamping case, the coke case and the charging machine is
indicated by the annexed drawing.
Further, the plant includes a stamping station, for allowing the coal to be
stamped in by machinery.
L. THE STAMPING AND COKE-CARRIAGE.
The carriage frame consists of four cross beams Q and five longitudinal beams L,
supported by the same. The former carry the axle-boxes A of the running wheels
of 900 /m diameter, have ordinary tyres, and two wheels, secured to the same
axle, are provided with toothed rings, into which gear the pinions g, mounted on a
strong axle W, extending from end to end, Figs. 5 and 7. The carriage frame is
strengthened diagonally by means of angle-irons and flat irons, Fig. 6.
On the carriage are situated the stamping chest, the coke-case, the steam boiler
with water tank and coal box and the twin engine with winding mechanism, and
the necessary gearing.
Along the stamping case extends a galery G³, Fig. 7, which, like the remaining

page_text: The stamping case S, Figs. 6 and 7, comprises two side walls, a bottom plate and
two end walls of sheet iron. The side walls S¹ are kept together, while stamping,
by ties S, laid thereover, and one of the walls is propped by means of lateral
stays S. After stamping, all ties and stays are loosened, whereby the side-walls are
allowed to recede from the coal cake, for which purpose the lower fastening of the
walls (at c) Fig. 7 is made hinge like.
While stamping, the two end sheets St, Fig. 6 are held beneath by bolta R¹ and
in the middle by a smooth tie-rod Z, but are entirely removed after stamping.
The bottom sheet B of the stamping case, Fig. 6, lies loose on a cast plate G³,
situated thereunder and consisting of several parts, and is pulled with the cake
supported by the same, into the oven of the expelling machine, situated beyond
the latter.
The coke-case C, which, in Fig. 5, is shown partly in section, partly in elevation,
consists of two double walls S', propped by stays 8, of 2 end walls S6 S7, a cover D
and a bottom resembling a trap-door.
All walls are made of sheet iron and partly connected with each other by water
tight rivet joints, as the interstice of the hollow side walls S contains cooling
water, and water likewise is poured on the cover D, provided with a sheet iron rim
and many little holes, for damping the coke cake, pushed in by the expelling
machine.
The front wall of the coke case, namely that which is situated towards the oven,
Figs. 5 and 6, forms a two winged flap door, capable of being locked by means of
a bolt R³, pivoted at d, the rear wall S', Fig. 7 forms a valve, guided in lateral
grooves F, which valve is lifted by the lever H, for allowing the attendant to
push down the coke pieces lying on the stationary 'inclined bottom piece b³,
Figs. 5 and 6.
The bottom of the coke case is composed of two trap-doors F1, Fig. 6, which
eventually may be two-winged. The doors T¹ consist of sheet iron and are
strengthened inside by cast iron plates riveted on, and outside by strong frames of
angle iron. Each door carries two hinge pieces C¹, supported by the adjoining
longitudinal beams, and movably connected with toothed sector pieces S8, Figs. 5
and 7. Four spur-wheels G³, situated on a common shaft W₁, Figs. 5, 6 and 7,
gear into the toothed sectors S8, supported by the rollers R³, situated under the
tooth wheels.
•
Alongside of the coke case is placed a horizontal steam boiler D', constructed for
a tension of six atmospheres and provided with the necessary safety appliances,
injector and folding chimney K, feed water reservoir S9 behind the boiler between
the longitudinal beams and before the boiler a coal case K¹; at the latter place is
standing the engine-man, who can thence easily attend to the boiler, engine, and
clutch couplings.
The steam engine M is a small twin-engine with reversing gear and capable of
giving more than eight horse powers with hundred revolutions a minute.
From the crank axle K', the feed water pump P¹, Fig. 6, arranged between the
steam cylinders, Fig. 6 is driven, and by the aid of toothed wheels Z, the inter-
mediate shaft V with two clutch couplinga
By means of the right side coupling K³, the windlass is put into gear, which
Berves to pull the bottom sheet of the stamping case from out the oven after
charging; for this purpose an eyelet a is placed at the extremity of the bottom
sheet, in which eyelet is hung the hook of the chain (of 17 / thickness), wound
about the winding drum by conical wheels K, and spur wheels R*.
From the leftside coupling K³, motion is imparted to an intermediate axle W³,
Fig. 7, whence it is transmitted to a pair of wheels R', united to one piece, mounted
loose on the axle W (Fig. 5), but adapted to be brought into rigid connection
on one side with the axle W (for driving the carriage) by inserting a clutch
coupling K.
In the case that the coupling K remains open, the second axle W₁ can be set in
motion by means of the spur-wheels R, Figs. 6 and 7, by closing the coupling K?
•
•

page_text: The stamping station, Figs. 5 and 8, is stationary and consists of a bridge, the
stamping contrivance adapted to be shifted thereon, and the driving engine with
the necessary gearing.
The bridge is formed of two strong beams To, carrying the rails 8¹, and supported
on one side by two cross beams Q°, carried by a pair of strong posts S°, and fixed
on the other side in the oven wall M°.
The posts are wedged on a cast iron plate P³ and connected at the upper part
by a cast iron cross-head T¹, to which is also bolted the steam-cylinder Co of
160 diameter and 270 m/m stroke.
The crank-axle K° is supported with its journals L° by the two aforementioned
cross beams Q° and carries two small fly-wheels R° and a conical wheel K¹, from
which motion is imparted to a square axle W° extending along the bridge. This
axle is lodged on both sides at a° in stationary bearings and supported between the
same on two pendulum bearings Po, adapted to yield towards either side.
A sleeve H° with a square hole, Fig. 5, is moved along the aforementioned axle
by the forward or backward shifting of the stamping contrivance, said sleeves
being lodged in an arm A° of the stamping contrivance and carrying a conical
wheel K. The conical wheel K³, gearing into K' is stationary on a vertical
(likewise square) axle W₁, held above and beneath at the side of the stamping
contrivance (at b) Figs. 5 and 7.
On this vertical axle is movable a tube H2, Fig. 8, provided with a square hole
and conical wheel K*; the tube H2 is lodged in an arm A' of the frame R° movable
upward and downward and carrying three parallel cam-shafts w°; the shafts w° are
connected with each other by spur-wheels 8°, and the middle shaft is connected
by a conical wheel K with the conical wheel K* of the tube H³, or of the vertical
axle W⭑
Each cam-shaft carries three lifting cams D, by which the stamps S° (nine
altogether) are alternately lifted. The stamps S° consist of square rods 8ª of strong
wood, which carry at the lower extremity iron shoes 83, and are furnished with
guides fand above and beneath in the stamping carriage and embrace the cams
by iron heads K°.
By this kind of stamping, the hand-stamping, hitherto in use, is imitated as
much as possible, so that the stamping case S receives many quickly succeeding,
but not too strong, blows.
The frame with the cam-shafts is guided in the four posts S of the stamping
apparatus. The posts S carry toothed racks, into which gear four small pinions g,
Fig. 9, carried by two shafts w¹ lodged in the frame.
When the two cranks K of these shafts are simultaneously turned in the same
direction, the frame is raised or lowered; and with the same the stamps are lifted

page_text: and lowered according. as this is required by the temporary height of the coal cake
while stamping.
By means of two clicks 8 p abutting against the toothed racks, the frame is
secured in any position.
The four posts S are connected above by a cast piece G°, containing the upper
guides of the stamps and the upper bearing of the vertical shaft W; beneath, the
posts stand on a frame B, containing the axle bearings L' of four small rollers 7°
and carrying a cross piece Q¹ with the lower guides of the stamps.
In this manner, the whole stamping appliance is rendered movable by hand on
the rails of the bridge.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion, and in what manner, the same is to be performed, I declare that, what
I claim, is:-
1.) A portable apparatus (mounted on wheels) for producing a compressed block
of coal of the shape of the coking chamber, said apparatus chiefly comprising
movable side walls a, a movable bottom plate b, and end walls c.
2.) The appliances for introducing the body of compressed coal into the coking
chainber, by pushing or pulling into the said chamber the bottom b, which carries
the coal, while the side walls a remain outside the chamber.
3.) The combination of the appliances specified by claim 2, with the coke ejecting
apparatus, in such a manner, that this apparatus is united with the coal chest, as
illustrated by Fig. 2, or that the coke ejecting apparatus draws during its return
motion the body of coal into the coking chamber, as illustrated by Fig. 1, after
which the bottom b is withdrawn by means of a windlass.
4.) Rigid connection of the bottom plate with the toothed rack.
5.) Inserting the coal-body without the bottom plate, with the side- and front-
walls, eventually with a top-wall.
6.) For the purpose of mechanically stamping the coals in the coal case or
receptacle, Claim 1, the arrangement of a stamping contrivance, consisting of
several stamps, adapted to move horizontally above the coal case by means of a
carriage capable of displacement along a main axle, and to be set or adjusted
vertically at a higher or lower level.
ALL
ST1000