IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MEASURING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS AND GAS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE PURPOSE OF OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to David Chadwick, of Salford, in the County of
Lancaster, Gentleman, and Herbert Frost, of Manchester, in the same
County, Machinist, for the Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
MEASURING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS AND GAS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE
PURPOSE OF OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER,"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said David Chadwick and
Herbert Frost at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 28th April 1857.
We, the said DAVID CHADWICK, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster,
Gentleman, and HERBERT FROST, of Manchester, in the same County, Machi
nist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR MEASURING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS AND GAS, APPLICABLE
ALSO TO THE PURPOSE OF OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows: —
One part of our Invention consists in the employment of moving cylinders,
arranged so as to slide after the manner of telescopes, as chambers for
measuring, by their enlargement or elongation and return motion. These
cylinders may move horizontally, vertically, or at any desired angle, and the
fluid may be admitted by any suitable arrangement of valves. We propose
certain arrangements by which these valves may be changed in position.
Firstly, for that purpose we employ a weighted-lever attached to the cylinder,
moving in a slot, so as to prevent the change until the cylinder shall have.
[D]

page_text: iravelled a certain distance; secondly, we employ a chain or band passing
over a pulley and actuating a tumbling lever.
Another part of our Invention refers to oscillating or rocking cylinders of
metal or other rigid material. One point of novelty therein consists in causing
the piston after it has travelled a certain distance to arrive in contact with a
lever mounted upon an axis, which passes through the cylinder, and carries
a catch; this catch being thus moved allows the oscillation or rocking to take
place.
Another point of novelty in oscillating or rocking cylinders or chambers,
which we apply to those constructed of flexible materials, as well as to those
on the telescopic principle above mentioned, consists in the application of
cocks or valves for the induction and eduction passages at the centre of
oscillation.
Another point of novelty consists in applying a revolving motion to cylinders
either rigid or flexible, and this revolving motion we use for shifting, the
valves.
.
Another part of our Invention consists in the application of india-rubber
as springs for keeping "cupped leather packing" of pistons in contact with
cylinders of meters.
Another part of our Invention refers specially to such oscillating or rocking
cylinders or chambers of meters as are constructed with flexible materials, and
consists in the application of surfaces, along which the expanding chambers
travel, acting thus as supports, but ceasing to do so at a certain point, at
which the oscillation or rocking is then allowed.
Another part
of our Invention consists in the combination of three or four
flexible cylinders or rigid cylinders orchambers, with telescopic sliding move-
ments so combined, by means of suitable valves, that one or two of such
cylinders or chambers are being filled and the others emptied simultaneously.
Another part of our Invention relates generally to water meters, and consists
in a method of causing the valves thereof to be changed in position. For
this purpose pistons, diaphragms, or other such apparatus not concerned in
the measurement are adapted to the valves, and are arranged in such a manner
as to cause the force of the liquid in motion to act on such pistons or
diaphragms, so as to shift the valves by which the fluid enters and is discharged
from the measuring cylinders or chambers.
We have specially alluded above to apparatus for measuring, but our
Invention may be applied to the purpose of obtaining motive power.
It will be evident that if the force of water, steam, or other fluid be made
to act upon moveable cylinders, pistons, and diaphragms, such as those above

page_text: mentioned, that the moveable parts will be forced to yield to the pressuro
thereof. Motive power may be obtained thereby, which may be transmitted
by rods, cranks, or gearing in any of the well-known manners to any machinery
that requires to be actuated.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said David Chadwick and Herbert Frost in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 28th October 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, DAVID
CHADWICK, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman, and HERBERT
FROST, of Manchester, in the saine County, Machinist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said David Chadwick and Herbert Frost, Her especial license that we, the
said David Chadwick and Herbert Frost, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said David Chadwick and Herbert Frost,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MEASURING
WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS AND GAS. APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE PURPOSE OF OBTAINING
MOTIVE POWER," upon the condition, amongst others, that we, the said David
Chadwick and Herbert Frost, by an instrument in writing under our hands
and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said David Chadwick, do hereby declare the
nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
and accompanying Drawings, that is to say :—
One part of our Invention, according to our Provisional Specification, con-
sisted in the employment of moving cylinders, arranged so as to slide after

page_text: the manner of telescopes, as chambers for measuring by their enlargement or
elongation and return motion, the fluid being admitted by any suitable
arrangement of valves; and also in the employment of certain arrangements
for shifting such valves, consisting, firstly, in the employment of a weighted
lever attached to the cylinder, moving in a slet, so as to prevent the change
until the cyclinder shall have travelled a certain distance; and, secondly, in
the employment of a chain or band passing over a pulley and actuating a
tumbling lever.
Another partof our ProvisionalSpecification referred to oscillatingorrocking
cylinders of metal or other rigid material, and we proposed to cause the
piston after it has travelled a certain distance to arrive in contact with a
lever mounted upon an axis, which passes through the cylinder and carries
a catch; this catch being thus moved allows the oscillation or rocking to take
place.
Another part of our Provisional Specification referred to oscillating or
rocking cylindersor chambers, which we proposed to apply to those constructed
of flexible materials as well as to those on the telescopic principle above
alluded to, and consisted in the application of cocks or valves for theinduction
and eduction passages at the centre of oscillation.
Another part of our Provisional Specification consisted in applying a
revolving motion to cylinders either rigid or flexible, and we proposed using
that revolving motion as means for shifting the valves, but since the filing
of the said Provisional Specification we have found that these several
mechanical contrivances were not new, and therefore lay no claim thereto.
. One part of our Invention consists in the employment of india-rubber as
springs for keeping "cupped leather packing" of pistons in contact with
cylinders of meters.
Another part of our Invention refers specially to such oscillating cylinders
or chambers of meters as are constructed with flexible materials, and consists
in the application of surfaces, along which the expanding chambers travel,
acting thus as supports, but ceasing to do so at a certain point, at which the
oscillation or rocking is then allowed.
Another part of our Invention consists in the combination of three or four
Hexible cylinders or rigid cylinders or chambers, with telescopic sliding move-
ments so combined, by means of suitable valves, that one or two of such
cylinders or chambers are being filled and the others emptied simultaneously.
Another part of our Invention relates to water meters generally, and consists
in a method of causing the valves thereof to be changed in position. For
this purpose we avail ourselves of the force of the fluid, and cause it to act

page_text: upon pistons, diaphragms, or other apparatus not concerned in the measure-
ment, so as to shift the valves by which the fluid enters and is discharged
from the cylinders or chambers.
The first part of our Invention is shewn at Fig. 1, which represents the
section of a piston with cupped leather packing. The metal plates of the
piston are at a bolted together, and the discs of leather at b, between which
and the plates are rings of india-rubber c, which act therefore as springs for
keeping the leather in contact with the cylinder.
The next part of our Invention is shewn at Fig. 2, in which a represents
a divided cylinder, constructed of leather or other flexible material. To the
plates 6 of this cylinder are affixed rods c, which pass through guides d,
attached to the divisional plate e. To the cylinder ends, and at each side
thereof, are mounted two rollers, which, as the cylinder turns upon the
centre g, alternately travel under inclined planes h. h. According to the
position shewn the cylinder is retained by the incline h.and is prevented from
oscillation, but upon the roller fhaving arrived at the end i of the incline it
will no longer be retained, and will therefore he free to rise when the otlier
end of the cylinder is falling, thereby allowing it to change the induction and
eduction passages through the agency of the valve korothersuitableapparatus.
The other chamber being then filled, the roller /* will pass under the incline
h, and will be retained thereby, so as to prevent a shifting of the valves
until the roller shall have arrived at the end thereof.
The next part of our Invention is shewn in plan view at Fig. 3, in which
u, b, c, d, represent four flexible cylinders, secured at their inward ends to a
metal block e. To this block are attached guide pieces f, through which two
pairs of rods g, h, pass, one pair y being attached to the cylinder b, d, and
the other pair to the cylinders a, c. As the cylinders therefore expand and
contract these rods slide across each other in the guides. Suppose the fluid
to be entering the cylinder cor d, it will be leaving that shewn at a or b,
and vice versa. The valves or cocks for effecting this may be of any usual
arrangement. In the Drawing a revolving valve i is shewn caused to rotate
by means of clicks , which as the rods g, h, travel, arrive in contact with pins
l, projecting from the circumference of the valve. The above description
alludes to the use of four cylinders, but three may in like manner becombined,
and instead of being constructed of flexible inaterials, they may be made to
expand after the manner of telescopes. The cylinders of this and of the
previously described meter may be mounted in a casing of any desired form.
The next part of our Invention is shewn in-section at Fig. 4; Fig. 5 is a
plan view thereof; Fig. 6, a similar view, shewing the passages for the fluid;

page_text: and Fig. 7, an end view. The cylinder is shewn at a, provided with a piston
A of any ordinary construction, but there is no piston rod attached thereto.
Above the cylinder is a casing 6, to which the fluid is admitted by a pipe c,
communicating with a passage d, formed in the cylinder end. To the upper
part of the cylinder is fixed a block, formed with three ways e, f, g, the first
of these communicating by a passage with the side B of the piston, the
second with a passage / leading to the outlet pipe *, and the third by a
passage i with the side C of the piston. Upon the face of the block containing
these ways is placed a valve j, elongated at either side, so as to carry pistons
,, situate within cylinders 1, 1, affixed to the cylinder a. The elongations
or arms of the valvej are formed with passages m. m, communicating at
one end with the cylinders 1, 2, and at the other end opening upward, so as
to be capable of being opened or closed by another valve n, and there is
also a passage o in the valve ; communicating with the passage f. The
valve is mounted so as to slide freely upon a rod q carried by the pistons
k, k, and is provided with two lugs r, between which is situate a picco s,
projecting from a bar t. This bar is united to rods u, n*, which pass through
leather packing v, v*, and carry studs w, w, situate within the cylinder.
According to the position shewn in the Drawing the fluid which has passed
into the casing by the pipe and passage c, d, is entering the side B of the
cylinder by the passages e, p, and is there exerting its force so as to drive
the piston in the direction of the arrow, the fluid from the other side C passing
out through the passages i, g, f, h, and pipe *. The onward motion of the
piston A will bring it in contact with the projecting part 1 of the rod u,
by which means the bar t will be caused to slide forward. and carry with it
the valve n, so as to allow the fluid to pass from the casing through the
channel m into the cylinder 4, and its force being then exerted against the
piston k, the valve j will be caused to slide, so as to change the induction
and eduction passages e, f, g, after the usual manner of such valves, and
upon the return motion of the piston the like effect will be produced by the
arrival thereof in contact with the stud w*. Upon the valve n being moved
as above described in order to admit fluid to the cylinder 7, the passages m
and o will be brought into communication, so as to allow the fluid in the
cylinder, and which has acted therein, to pass out through the eduction
passage f, and the saine effect will subsequently take place in reference to
the cylinder 1, the fluid therein passing out through the passage m.
We have above described certain constructions and arrangements of
mechanism by which this part of our Invention may be carried out, but we
desire it to be understood that we do not confine ourselves thereto, as many

page_text: modifications may be adopted upon the same principle. The fluid ways may,
for instance, be variously arranged, and the valve n may be constructed as a
cock, or as a valve of any other suitable form, for allowing the same direct
action of the fluid upon the valve j.
We have not in the above-described improvements shown that apparatus
commonly called the "count," but it will be evident that it may be taken by
any usual means from a moving part; the bar t, in Fig. 4, for instance.
We have above alluded to our improvements as applied to the purpose
of measuring water, but they are also applicable to measuring gas, and also as
motive power engines to be worked by steam, water, or other fluid, for which
purpose they will be constructed of dimensions and strength according to the
power desired and pressure employed.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of our said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, we declare that we
claim, as secured to us under the above in part recited Letters Patent,-
Firstly, the application of india-rubber as springs for keeping "cupped
leather packing" of pistons in contact with cylinders of meters.
Secondly, as applied to oscillating or rocking cylinders or chambers con-
structed of flexible materials. the method of determining such oscillation or
rocking, described by reference to Fig. 2.
Thirdly, the combination of three or four cylinders constructed of flexible
materials, or on the telescopic principle, illustrated by reference to Fig. 3.
Fourthly, as applied to water meters generally, we claim the application
of the fluid pressure exerting its force separately from that which is being
measured, and acting direct upon the valve for changing the induction and
eduction passages.
We also claim the aforesaid improvements as applied to motive power
engines.
In witness whereof, I, the said David Chadwick, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
DAVID CHADWICK. (LS.)