AN IMPROVED COLORING MATTER POR DITING STATNINA PRO WRITING, STAINING, OR DYEING, WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE PRODUCTION OF A COPYING FLUID
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles_Swan_and_George Frederick Swan, of
49, High St., in the Borough of Southwark, Ink Manufacturers, for
the Invention of "AN IMPROVED COLORING MATTER POR DITING STATNINA
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by. the said Charles 'Swan and George
. Frederick Swan. at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 9th February 1856:
We, CHARLES SWAN & GEORGE FREDERICK SWAN, of 49, High St., in the
Borough of Southwark, Ink Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for AN IMPROVED COLORING MATTER FOR WRITING, STAINING,
OR DYEING, WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE PRODUCTION OF A COPYING FLUID, to
be as follows, that is to say:
Our said Invention has reference to the production of a permanent black
coloring matter applicable to the purposes of writing, dyeing, or staining, and
possessing, among other advantages, that of not corroding or having its color
affected by steel or other metallic pens; and we carry the said Invention into
effect by employing a solution of bichrömäte of potash, which we mix with a
suitable quantity" or quantities of the following ingredients, namely, sub-
carbonate of potash, chlorate of potash, perchloride of mercury, or corrosive

page_text: sublimate, and spirit of ammonia, and we then apply the composition above
described to an extract of logwood, of which the color will be thereby so
fixed and modified that the liquor when strained off, or otherwise purified,
will be found suitable either for writing, staining, or dyeing. And the
coloring matter of the said liquor may also be obtained, when it is desired, in
a solid form, by any suitable processes for combining the above nientioned
ingredients, and the same subsequently converted into the form of a coloring
fluid, as it may be required. And the coloring fluid obtained in either manner
may be converted into a copying fluid by the addition of any thickening
ingredients which have heretofore been employed, or which may be found
applicable for such a purpose; and in like manner the above coloring matter,
when obtained in a solid form, may be applied to the production of a copying
fluid by any suitable process of dilution, and the addition of thickening
ingredients, as above described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Swan and George Frederick Swan in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 8th August 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, CHARLES
SWAN and GEORGE FREDERICK SWAN, of 49, High St., in the Borough of
Southwark, Ink Manufacturers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of February, in the year of our Lord.
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her reign
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Charles Swan and George Frederick Swan, Her special licence that we, the
said Charles Swan & George Frederick Swan, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said Charles Swan and George Frederick
Swan, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for AN IMPROVED COLORING MATTER FOR
WRITING, STAINING, OR DYEING, WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE PRODUCTION OF
A COPYING FLUID, upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
Charles Swan & George Frederick Swan, our executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
]

page_text: nd in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
e filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
nd immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Charles Swan and George Frederick
Swan, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement, that is to say:-
Our said Invention has reference to the production of a permanent black
coloring matter applicable to the purposes of writing, staining, or dyeing, and
which possesses, among other advantages that might be instanced, that of not
corroding steel pens or other metallic pens, or instruments with which it may
require to be brought in contact, and of not having its color affected by the
said substances; and we carry the said Invention into effect by employing an
extract of logwood or hæmatoxylon campechianum, and in order to convert the
color of the said extract to a suitable jet black color, and to render the same
color permanent, and to give the solution the fluidity, indelibility, and other
qualities which are requisite to our above Invention, we prefer to employ a
mixture of the following materials, namely, bichromate of potash, perchloride
of mercury, otherwise called corrosive sublimate, subcarbonate of potash,
chlorate of potash, and spirit of ammonia, which said materials may be
employed in different proportions, which should depend in a great measure on
the particular objects to which it is intended to apply the coloring matter.
And in place of the perchloride of mercury, or corrosive sublimate, we have
above mentioned, may be substituted vinegar, or other acid substances, which
have hitherto been employed or may be employed in ordinary inks; but the
employment of the other above-named substances in combination with each
And the said
other, is the characteristic of our improved coloring matter.
coloring matter may be obtained in a liquid form by introducing the salts
above mentioned into a liquid extract of logwood, and straining, or otherwise
purifying, the fluid in any suitable manner; or the said coloring matter may be
obtained in a solid form by combining the aforesaid salts with a solid prepara-
tion of extract of logwood, or by evaporation or distillation from the liquid
coloring matter above described, and the solid coloring matter may be kept on
hand till required, and reduced to a liquid form by dilution with any suitable
5 proportion of water. And the coloring fluid obtained in any of the modes
herein-before set forth in the form of an ink, may be converted into a copying
fluid by the addition of any saccharine or other thickening ingredients hitherto
employed, or which may be found applicable; it may also be obtained from the
solid coloring matter by any suitable process.

page_text: Having now fully described the nature of this our said, Invention, and the
methods in which we propose to carry-the same into effect, we would have it
clearly understood, that we do not claim the general employment of extract of
logwood, or of any one of the materials herein-before mentioned, in making
inks or 'coloring matters, since some of the said materials have already been
used in other combinations for the same purposes; but that which we do claim
as new and original in this our said Invention is, the total combination of the
five constant ingredients above set forth, namely, extract.of.logwood, bichromate
of-potash; chlorate of potash, subcarbonate, of potash, and spirit of. ammonia,
employed in conjunction either-with-corrosive sublimate or with vinegar; or
any other acid substances, for the purpose of forming a solid or fluid coloring
matter by the processes and for the purposes above set forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said Charles Swan and George Frederick
Swan, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Eighth day of
August, in the year of our Lord 1856.
CHARLES SWAN.
(L.S.)
GEORGE FREDERICK SWAN. (L.S.)

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Swan and George
Frederick Swan at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents; - with
their Petition, on the 9th February 1856.
We, CHARLES SWAN & GEORGE FREDERICK SWAN, of 49, High St., in the
Borough of Southwark, Ink Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for AN IMPROVED COLORING MATTER FOR WRITING, STAINING,
OR DYEING, WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE PRODUCTION OF A COPYING FLUID, to
be as follows, that is to say:-
Our said Invention has reference to the production of a permanent black
coloring matter applicable to the purposes of writing, dyeing, or staining, and
possessing, among other advantages, that of not corroding or having its color
affected by steel or other metallic pens; and we carry the said Invention into
effect by employing a solution of bichromate of potash, which we mix with a
suitable quantity or quantities of the following ingredients, namely, sub-
carbonate of potash, chlorate of potash, perchloride of mercury, or corrosive

page_text: sublimate, and spirit of ammonia, and we then apply the composition above
described to an extract of logwood, of which the color will be thereby so
fixed and modified that the liquor when strained off, or otherwise purified,
will be found suitable either for writing, staining, or dyeing. And the
coloring matter of the said liquor may also bo obtained, when it is desired, in
a solid form, by any suitable processes for combining the above mentioned
ingredients, and the same subsequently converted into the form of a coloring
fluid, as it may be required. And the coloring fluid obtained in either manner
may be converted into a copying fluid by the addition of any thickening
ingredients which have beretofore been employed, or which may be found
applicable for such a purpose; and in like manner the above coloring matter,
when obtained in a solid form, may be applied to the production of a copying
fluid by any suitable process of dilution, and the addition of thickening
ingredients, as above described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Swan and George Frederick Swan in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 8th August 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, CHARLES
SWAN and GEORGE FREDERICK SWAN, of 49, High St., in the Borough of
Southwark, Ink Manufacturers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her reign
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Charles Swan and George Frederick Swan, Her special licence, that we, the
said Charles Swan & George Frederick Swan, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said Charles Swan and George Frederick
Swan, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for AN IMPROVED COLORING MATTER FOR
WRITING, STAINING, OR DYEING, WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE PRODUCTION OF
▲ COPYING FLUID, upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
Charles Swan & George Frederick Swan, our executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention

page_text: ad in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
e filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
nd immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Charles Swan and George Frederick
wan, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
he same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
nd by the following statement, that is to say :-
Our said Invention has reference to the production of a permanent black
coloring matter applicable to the purposes of writing, staining, or dyeing, and
which possesses, among other advantages that might be instanced, that of not
corroding steel pens or other metallic pens, or instruments with which it may
require to be brought in contact, and of not having its color affected by the
said substances; and we carry the said Invention into effect by employing an.
extract of logwood or hæmatoxylon campechianum, and in order to convert the
color of the said extract to a suitable jet black color, and to render the same
color permanent, and to give the solution the fluidity, indelibility, and other
qualities which are requisite to our above Invention, we prefer to employ a
mixture of the following materials, namely, bichromate of potash, perchloride
of mercury, otherwise called corrosive sublimate, subcarbonate of potash,
chlorate of potash, and spirit of ammonia, which said materials may be
employed in different proportions, which should depend in a great measure on
the particular objects to, which it is intended to apply the coloring matter.
And in place of the perchloride of mercury, or corrosive sublimate, we have
above mentioned, may be substituted vinegar, or other acid substances, which
have hitherto been employed or may be employed. in ordinary inks; but the
employment of the other above-named substances in combination with each
other, is the characteristic of our improved coloring matter. And the said
coloring matter may be obtained in a liquid form by introducing the salts
above mentioned into a liquid extract of logwood, and straining, or otherwise
purifying, the fluid in any suitable manner; or the said coloring matter may be
obtained in a solid form by combining the aforesaid salts with a solid prepara-
tion of extract of logwood, or by evaporation or distillation from the liquid
coloring matter above described, and the solid coloring matter may be kept on
any suitable
hand till required, and reduced to a liquid form by dilution with
proportion of water. And the coloring fluid obtained in any of the modes
herein-before set forth in the form of an ink, may be converted into a copying
fluid by the addition of any saccharine or other thickening ingredients hitherto
employed, or which may be found applicable; it may also be obtained from the
solid coloring matter by any suitable process.

page_text: Having now fully described the nature of this our said Invention, and the
methods in which we propose to carry the same into effect, we would have it
clearly understood, that we do not claim the general employment of extract of
logwood, or of any one of the materials herein-before mentioned, in making
inks or coloring matters, since some of the said materials have already been
used in other combinations for the same purposes; but that which we do claim
as new and original in this our said Invention is; the total combination of the
five constant ingredients above set forth, namely, extract of logwood, bichromate
of potash, chlorate of potash, subcarbonate of potash, and spirit of ammonia,
employed in conjunction either with corrosive sublimate or with vinegar, or
any other acid substances, for the purpose of forming a solid or fluid coloring
matter by the processes and for the purposes above set forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said Charles Swan and George Frederick
Swan have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Eighth day of
August, in the year of our Lord 1856.