Improvements in the Burning of Bricks and other Material, and in Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd July. 1896--Accepted, 3rd Oct.. 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Burning of Bricks and other Material, and in
Apparatus therefor.
We AARON GIBBS of Arlesey Station Gault Brick Works, Arlesey, in the
County of Bedfordshire, Manager, and EASTWOOD AND COMPANY LIMITED,
Brick Manufacturers of 47 Belvedere Road in the County of London, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to the burning of bricks and other material and in
apparatus therefor, and has for its object to facilitate, expedite and improve the
burning of such material.
These results we attain by a special arrangement of flues and dampers, and by
a special construction of the floors of the kilns, (taking steam from top of kiln).
And in order that my said invention may be understood we will now describe
the same with reference to the accompanying sheets of drawings in which
Fig. 1 shews in sectional plan and Fig. 2 in sectional elevation the general
arrangement of parts for carrying out our said invention.
Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic plau shewing our invention as applied to circular
kilns.
The same letters of reference are employed to denote the same parts in all the
views.
In Figs. 1 and 2 a shews four kilns (by preference), built in a rectangle, in the
centre of which the chimney shaft b is placed. c is the main flue running through
the centre of all four kilns and branching into the chimney bat c c. Dampers d
are provided to this flue outside each kiln, and at the bottom of the chimney.
e shews cross flues from kiln to kiln, for conveying the heat from the kiln that is
burning into the next kiln so that the bricks that are set there are dried completely
before the fires are lighted in that kiln. These cross flues e are provided with
dampers d as shewn on the drawing. shews steam flues made either of brick or
iron (preferably the latter) springing from the crown of the arch of each kiln,
and travelling along between the kilns direct to the chimney b, so that the moisture
will be taken from the top of the kiln instead of from the bottom as at present
practised, by which means the drying is greatly expedited. The proportion of
steam flues to cross flues may be about as 2 to 3 but this proportion will vary
according to the size of kiln. The steam flues are provided with dampers
placed outside each kiln and at the chimney. By this arrangement we have
entire control of the fire, and by working the dampers can take the fire into any
part of a kiln.
The steam flues are carried up above the crowns of the arches, thus forming
shafts, and when the kiln is burning the top is covered with an iron plate i. When
the kiln is burnt off, these plates are removed in order to expedite the cooling of
the kilns.
The bottom of each kiln consists of a series of dwarf walls g about 14 inches
thick, connected with the main flue c running through the centre. A space of
about 6 inches is left between consecutive walls and these spaces open into the
main flue c and form horizontal flues. These spaces are roofed in with fire-
brick, bricks being omitted at intervals to allow for the passage of heat as shewn
at A Fig. 1. The bottom of each kiln is sloped as at h Fig. 2, in order to prevent

page_text: heat from being retained in the angle between the wall of the kiln and the bottom.
The dwarf walls are terminated by these slopes h.
The fire holes we arrange in about the proportion of four on one side of the
kiln to three on the other side. Each fire hole on the one side is directly opposite
the space between two fire holes on the other side. By this means we get fire into
all the bricks leaving no space for each one to burn its neighbour. The fire-bars
are arranged as shewn at Fig. 2. Two cross or bearing bars are used and the fire-
bar hooks over the top one. This keeps the fire-bars in position when clinking
out the fire, and as they lie at an angle, the clinkers will run down them, and
can be easily cleared out from below. The heat passes down into and through the
bricks as shewn by the arrows at Fig. 2, then through the cross flues e and into
another kiln, or when in direct line through the main flue.
We suitably stay and support the whole structure by channel and Tirons and
steel wires as shewn on the drawing at m, n and o respectively, or by any other
suitable means.
We may arrange our kilns in circular instead of rectangular fashion. Fig. 3
shews kilns and Blues built in this manner with the principle of our invention
applied thereto.
The heat flues e radiate into the chimney shaft b placed in the centre and the
steam flues join the heat flues near where the latter enter the chimney.
A set of these kilns for any quantity or any sized plant may be carried out on
the same lines the only thing would be to heighten the chimney or make it lower
in proportion to the size of kilns and quantity required to burn.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. The improvements in the burning of bricks and other material and in
apparatus therefor substantially as set forth.
2. The general arrangement of kilns, flues and dampers and the construction of
Hoors of kilns, all substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
Dated this 22nd day of July 1896.
BROWNE & Co.,
Agents for the Applicants.