IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PULVERIZING OR DIVIDING OR FOR MIXING SUBSTANCES, SPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO PULVERIZING OR DIVIDING GUANO
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Charles Crowl, of Penryn, in the County
of Cornwall, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
PULVERIZING OR DIVIDING OR FOR MIXING SUBSTANCES, SPECIALLY APPLICABLE
TO PULVERIZING OR DIVIDING GUANO."
Sealed the 16th March 1875, and dated the 19th September 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Charles Crow]
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 19th September 1874.
I, WILLIAM CHARLES CROWL, of Penryn, in the County of Cornwall,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR PULVERIZING OR DIVIDING OR FOR MIXING SUBSTANCES, SPECIALLY
APPLICABLE TO PULVERIZING OR DIVIDING GUANO," to be as follows:-
Guano is now often imported in such a wet and lumpy condition that
farmers experience difficulties in its proper application to their land.
Now the primary object of my Invention is to construct a simple

page_text: apparatus which will pulverize, break up, or divide the guano, and bring
it into suitable condition for the farmer.
My apparatus consists of a horizontal rotating drum or cylinder,
which carries on its periphery a number of teeth, blades, or knives,
which are set at suitable distances apart, and may with advantage be
arranged in longitudinal rows. This cylinder rotates in and forms one
side of a box or hopper into which the guano to be operated upon is
placed. At the bottom of this box or hopper is a series of notches or
openings through which the teeth of the drum in their rotation pass.
At the back of the drum is a series of spring bars, the ends of which
bear against the periphery of the drum between the teeth, while a series
of upright pins placed between the bars keep them from shifting side-
ways.
The operation is as follows:-The guano is placed in the box or
hopper, and rotation is imparted to the drum. The teeth, in passing
down through the notches or openings at the bottom of the box break
up or divide the guano, which as it becomes sufficiently separated or
reduced falls through the said notches or openings to the ground, or
into a suitable receptacle, while any guano which adheres to the teeth
or to the drum is carried to the back, is therec scraped off by the spring
bars, and likewiso falls.
Although specially intended for pulverizing or dividing.guano it will
be evident that this apparatus can also be employed for breaking up or
dividing other substances which are in a lumpy or adherent state, and
also for mixing manures or other materials.
بعدة
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Office on the 19th March 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
CHARLES CROWL, of Penryn, in the County of Cornwall, send 30
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of September, in the year

page_text: of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said William Charles Crowl, Her
special licence, that I, the said William Charles Crowl, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Charles
Crowl, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PULVERIZING OR DIVIDING OR FOR
MIXING SUBSTANCES, SPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO PULVERIZING OR DIVIDING GUANO,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William
Charles Crowl, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Charles Crowl, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, that is to say :—
Guano is now often imported in such a wet and lumpy condition that
farmers experience difficulties in its proper application to their land.
Now the primary object of my Invention is to construct a simple
apparatus which will pulverize, break up, or divide the guano, and bring
it into suitable condition for the farmer.
My apparatus consists of a horizontal rotating drum or cylinder,
which carries on its. periphery a number of teeth, blades, or knives,
which are set at suitable distances apart, and may with advantage be
arranged in longitudinal rows. This cylinder rotates in and forms one
side of a box or hopper into which the guano to be operated upon is
placed. At the bottom of this box or hopper is a series of notches or
openings through which the teeth of the drum in their rotation pass.
At the back of the drum is a series of spring bars, the ends of which

page_text: bear against the periphery of the drum between the teeth, while a series
of upright pins placed between the bars keep them from shifting side.
ways.
The operation is as follows:-The guano is placed in the box or
hopper, and rotation is imparted to the drum. The teeth, in passing b
down through the notches or openings at the bottom of the box break
up or divide the guano, which as it becomes sufficiently separated or
reduced falls through the said notches or openings to the ground, or
into a suitable receptacle, while any guano which adheres to the teeth
or to the drum is carried to the back, is there scraped off by the spring 1
bars, and likewise falls.
Although specially intended for pulverizing or dividing guano it will
be evident that this apparatus can also be employed for breaking up or
dividing other substances which are in a similar lumpy or adherent
state; and also for mixing material, such, for example, as manures.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a perspective view of an
apparatus constructed according to my Invention, as herein-before.
described.
Figure 2 is a separate view of the drum or cylinder; and Figure 3,
a separate view of the box or hopper.
A is the drum, the axle B of which is mounted in suitable bearings C,
and carries a driving wheel D; E, E, are the teeth, blades, or knives on
the periphery of the drum A, and arranged in longitudinal rows; F is
the box or hopper, one side of which is formed by the drum; G, G,
represent the series of notches or openings at the bottom of the box
through which the teeth E in their rotation pass; H, H, are the spring
bars, the ends of which bear against the periphery of the drum between
the teeth; I, I, are the upright pins between the bars H, H, to keep them
from shifting sideways. These pins are secured to a longitudinal bar
not seen in the Drawings. K is a longitudinal bar or rod to limit the
downward movement or recoil of the spring bars H.
It will be readily understood that upon the guano being placed in the
box F, and rotation being imparted to the drum A the teeth E, in
passing down between the notches G, will break up or divide the guano,
which, as it becomes sufficiently reduced, will fall through the notches
to the ground, and that any guano that may adhere to the teeth E,

page_text: or to the drum A, will be scraped on by the spring va
fall.
Sometimes, instead of having a series of openings or notches at the
bottom of the box F, I fit in the bottom of the box a roller, between
which and the teeth of the drum A the guano is reduced.
· Sometimes also, instead of a series of the spring scraper bars H, I
employ a single spring bar extending the whole length of the drum.
Figure 4 is a back view, and Figure 5, a front view, both in per-
spective of an apparatus constructed with these modifications, the box
being removed in Figure 4, so that the roller may be seen.
A is the rotating drum, as before, provided with teeth E; F is the
box;
Lis the roller situated at or near the bottom of and within the
box, and which is caused to rotate by means of the wheel D, the
motion being transmitted at a slower speed to the drum A by means of
the toothed gearing M; N is the scraper bar, the ends of which are
fixed to collars 0, 0, on upright pins P, P; Q, Q, are springs on these
pins. The roller L should be placed so that the teeth of the drum
almost touch it in their rotation. The action is as before. The guano
having been placed in the box F rotation is given to the drum A and
roller L, so that the teeth E in passing this roller break up or divide the
guano, which, as it becomes sufficiently reduced, falls through between
the drum and the roller to the ground, while any which may adhere to
the teeth E is scraped off by the spring bar N.
The essential features of the apparatus are, first, the drum provided
with its teeth, blades, or knives, and made to rotate in a hopper, so as to
act upon the material placed therein, as described; and, secondly, the
spring, scraper, bar or bars to clear the teeth, blades, or knives of any
of the material which may adhere thereto.
I may add that I have found that for pulverizing or dividing
guano the teeth act well when they are about 8/3th of an inch in length;
they may be about an inch apart, while the rows may be separated by
about 6 inches. It will also be seen by the Drawings that I prefer to
arrange the teeth so that those in one row correspond with the spaces
between the teeth in the next preceding row.
If thought preferable the teeth may be arranged in inclined or spiral
rows, but I have found the longitudinal rows, as shewn in the Drawings
to answer well.