similar Fibres and Fibrous Substances.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 31st Aug., 1887
Complete Left, 29th May, 1888
Complete Accepted, 29th June, 1888
similar Fibres and Fibrous Substances.
We, JONATHAN SMITH, of Langley House, Jersey, Merchant, and PHILIP
WINTER NICOLLE, of 9 Portland Place, Jersey, Merchant, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
We take the Cotton, Flax, or similar fibre, or fibrous substance, either before
or after its manufacture into yarn, cloth, paper, &c., or at any stage in such
manufacture, as may be most convenient, and we steep or wash it in a solution
of sulphate of soda, of a strength of 1 oz. to 2 oz. per gallon of water, for one
or two hours, or such longer or shorter time as may be necessary: and we then
steep or wash it in water to discharge the sulphate solution from it, with the
matters held in solution or suspension by it.
We next steep or wash the Cotton, Flax, &c., in a solution of chloride of lime,
of a strength of oz. to 1 oz. per gallon, until it is sufficiently bleached: after
which it is thoroughly washed in water.
The Cotton, Flax, &c. may next be washed in a weak solution of sulphuric or
other acid, followed by a careful washing in clean water, and the process is
complete unless it be preferred to remove the last traces of the chloride of lime
by a final washing in a solution of an alkaline sulphite, followed as before by a
careful washing in clean water.
In the above process, the sulphate of soda may be replaced by what is
commercially known as "soda cake," or by any other of the alkaline sulphates,
or by a mixture or combination of them, or any of them. In the same way, the
chloride of lime may be replaced by permanganate of potash, or by any other
bleaching agent.
We do not bind ourselves to the precise strengths here mentioned of the
different solutions, nor to the order in which these solutions are stated to be used:
and the washings in the said solutions may be repeated as often as may be found
necessary

page_text: The solutions above named may be used either hot or cold, and either under
pressure or otherwise.
The action of the different solutions & washing waters is seriously impeded by
capillary attraction, which causes the fibres to hold as in a sponge the fluid which
has done its work, & hinders its displacement by fresh unused fluid. To counteract
the action of this natural law, and to bring all the fibres of the material being
bleached into constant contact with fresh solution or washing water, we pass the
Cotton, Flax, &c., continuously through one or more pairs of rollers during the
time it is being steeped or washed in the before-mentioned solutions & washing
waters. The more conveniently to do this, the fibrous matters, yarn, cloth, &c.,
may be arranged in the form of a hank or endless band, or in such other form,
or by such other method, as may be found most suitable for continuously passing
the material through the rollers.
These rollers may be elevated above the surface of the different solutions, or
may be wholly or partially submerged therein.
Having now particularly described & ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed; we declare that what
we claim is :-
"
1. The use of sulphate of soda, of what is commercially known as soda cake,"
and of all other alkaline sulphates, and any mixture or combination of all or of
any of them, for the purpose of bleaching as above described.
2. The use of rollers, & of any other similar contrivance, for overcoming
capillary attraction, and for bringing every portion of the material being bleached
into immediate & constant contact with fresh solution or washing water, for the
purpose of bleaching, as above described.
10 A

page_text: similar Fibres and Fibrous Substances:
We, JONATHAN SMITH, of Langley House, Jersey, Merchant, and PHILIP WINTER
NICOLLE, of 9 Portland Place, Jersey, Merchant do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
We take the cotton, flax, or similar fibre, or fibrous substance, either before or
after its manufacture into yarn, cloth, paper, &c., or at any stage in such
manufacture, as may be most convenient, and we steep or wash it in a solution
of sulphate of soda, of a strength of four ounces to the gallon of water, for three
hours, or for such longer or shorter time as may be necessary: and we then
wash or steep it in water to discharge the sulphate of soda solution from it
together with the matters held in solution, or suspension therein. We afterwards
steep or wash the cotton, flax, &c., in a solution of chloride of lime of a strength
of one to two ounces per gallon of water, until it is sufficiently bleached, after
which it is thoroughly washed in water. It may then be steeped in a weak
solution of sulphuric (or other) acid, followed by a careful washing in clean
water, and the process is complete; unless it be preferred to remove the last
traces of chloride of lime by a final washing in a solution of an alkaline sulphite,
followed as before by a careful washing in clean water. If not sufficiently bleached,
the same process is repeated until a satisfactory bleach is attained.
In the above process, the sulphate of soda may be used in its crude form
commercially known as "salt cake" (or "soda cake"); or it may be replaced by
any other of the alkaline sulphates, as sulphate of potash, sulphate of ammonia,
and the like; or by a mixture of the alkaline sulphates, or any of them.
In the same way, the chloride of lime may be replaced by the hypochlorite of
soda, or by any other of the hypochlorites, or by permanganate of potash, or by
any other bleaching agent.
We do not bind ourselves to the precise strengths of the different solutions
above mentioned, nor to the order in which these solutions are stated to be used;
and the washings in the said solutions may be repeated as often as necessary.
The solutions named herein may be used either hot or cold, and either under
pressure or otherwise.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is
as
"
(1.) The use of sulphate of soda and the crude form of it commercially known
salt cake" (or "soda cake") for the purpose of bleaching in the manner
above described: that is to say, the use of sulphate of soda instead & in

page_text: place of caustic soda, milk of lime, & other caustic alkalis, which are now used
to prepare cloth, yarn, &c., for the active bleaching agent, chloride of lime, or
its bleaching equivalent.
(2.) The use of sulphate of potash, sulphate of ammonia, and other alkaline
sulphates, any and all of them, for the same purpose and in the same manner
as sulphate of soda is used as before described.
(3.) The use of any mixture of the alkaline sulphates, or of any of them, in
the manner & for the purpose that sulphate of soda is used as above described.
Dated this Twantu cixth lux of AL. 1000