IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN THE PREPARATION OF COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS TO BE SPUN
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Standish, of Egerton, near Bulton, in the
County of Lancaster, and John Gooden, of the same Place, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN THE
PREPARATION OF COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS TO BE
SPUN."
Sealed the 13th February 1863, and dated the 20th August 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Standish and John
Gooden at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 20th August 1862.
We, JOHN STANDISH, of Egerton, near Bolton, in the County of Lan-
caster, and JOHN GOODEN, of the same Place, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED
IN THE PREPARATION OF COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS TO BE
SPUN," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, first, in improvements in machinery or apparatus
for stripping or cleaning the flats of carding engines. We cause each flat to
work upon a pin or centre so that it can be turned back, and at each side of
the card cylinder we employ a lever working loose upon the shaft of the
cylinder, and give the levers a traversing motion by means of toothed
quadrants, connecting rod, and crank. The levers near the flats have holes
or bearings for holding a circular brush, which has revolving motion imparted
to it by means of gearing on one of the levers put in motion from a pulley on
the cylinder shaft. The other lever is also provided with toothed wheels, one
of which gears into a wheel fixed to one of the pivots of each flat, the wheel

page_text: having teeth on its periphery the distance the flat is to turn, so that as the
levers move forward the flats will be turned back, and then returned to their
original position one after the other. As each flat is turned backwards and
forwards the brush comes in contact with the card on the flat, and efficiently
strips and cleans it, and after all the flats have been stripped and cleaned the
levers are returned to their original position for the purpose of repeating
the operation, which is performed continuously with the working of the
engine.
Secondly, in improved apparatus for cleaning the cotton or other fibrous
material on the card sylinder during its operation. We employ one or more
shafts extending across the card cylinder, and cause them to revolve from any
revolving part of the engine. To the shaft or shafts we fix blocks having
inclined beds, to which are fixed combs or blades in a bevil position. The
teeth of the combs are just clear of the card on the cylinder, and the combs
and cylinder revolve in opposite directions, by which means the dirt and refuse
is removed from the fibrous materials.
Thirdly, in an improved mode of actuating the doffer comb. We attach
the comb by means of rods to an oscillating shaft, having at one end a
double lever with a slot or fork at each end. In line with the oscillating
shaft, and at right angles to it, there is another shaft, to which is fixed an
inclined circular plate, the edges of which are fitted into the aforesaid slots or
forks, so that as the inclined plate revolves it gives an oscillating motion to
the doffer comb.
Fourthly, in an improved mode of stopping the motion of the drawing
frame and carding engine when the can is full. For the drawing frame we
fix at the end of one of the calender rollers a worm, and gear it into a worm
wheel fixed to the end of a long screw or worm carrying a half nut and lever,
which are traversed onwards as the calenders revolve. Below the long screw
or worm there is a bar, to which a bracket is fastened at any desired position,
the top of the bracket passing over the screw, so that the half nut and lever
can come in contact with it. The bar passes through the roller beam, and is
provided with a projection which holds up the bar as long as it rides upon its
bearing, but allows the bar to be depressed when the projection has passed
beyond it by the traversing action of the half nut and lever, which operation
causes the bar to come in contact with a lever on the back oscillating shaft,
and stop the frame. When this apparatus is applied to carding engines, we
give it motion by fixing the worm on one of the delivery rollers. By these
arrangements we dispense with the necessity of change wheels, for by means
of the long screw, and the adjustment of the position of the bracket accord-

page_text: ing to the number of counts, the machine will be stopped when the can
is full.
Fifthly, in an improved mode of stopping the motion of the drawing frame
when the sliver is broken. Between the drawing and calender rollers we
place levers working on knife edges, and formed at the top for the sliver to
pass on them. The levers are weighted or balanced, so that when the sliver
breaks the weighted end shall fall and come in contact with a lever on the
oscillating shaft, and stop the frame.
And, sixthly, in an improved stop motion for stopping the ordinary oscillating
shaft of drawing frames. On the oscillating shaft we fix a lever, having in its
boss a recess, and carrying at the top a stud, which supports another lever put in
motion by a crank on the back roller shaft. On the boss of the second lever
there is a projection, which fits into the aforesaid recess, and is locked by a
weight, so that both levers move together and work the oscillating shaft, but
when the shaft is held the second lever is shifted from the recess, and liberates
a catch, and thereby allows the ordinary weighted bar to operate upon the
strap fork, and stop the machine.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Standish and John Gooden in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 20th February 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JoHN
STANDISH, of Egerton, near Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, and JOHN
GOODEN, of the same Place, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said John Standish and John Gooden, Her special licence that we, the said
John Standish and John Gooden, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as we, the said John Standish and John Gooden, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein.
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
USED IN THE PREPARATION OF COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS

page_text: TO BE SPUN," upon the condition, amongst others, that we, the said John
Standish and John Gooden, our executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under our or their, or one of our or their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Standish and John Gooden, do
hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement (that is to say) :-
This Invention consists, first, in improvements in machinery or apparatus
for stripping or cleaning the flats of carding engines.
Secondly, in improved modes of actuating the doffer comb of carding engines.
Thirdly, in an improved mode of stopping the motion of the drawing frame
and carding engine when the can is full.
Fourthly, in an improved mode of stopping the motion of the drawing
frame when the sliver is broken.
And, fifthly, in an improved motion for stopping the drawing frame when
the ordinary oscillating shaft is held.
These improvements will be clearly understood by referring to the figures
and letters on the accompanying two Sheets of Drawings, in which, in Sheet 1,
Figs. 1 and 2 are side and end elevations of part of a carding engine having
our improved apparatus for stripping or cleaning the flats, and one of our
improved arrangements for actuating the doffer comb; Figs. 3 and 4 are
side and end views of part of the stripping apparatus drawn about half size;
Figs. 5 and 6, side and end views of the flat about half size; Figs. 7, 8, 9,
10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 are detached views of various arrangements of
the doffing apparatus.
In Sheet 2, Fig. 1 is a back and Fig. 2 an end elevation of part of a
drawing frame having our improved mode of stopping the motion when the
sliver is broken, and the improved stop motion for stopping the drawing frame
when the ordinary oscillating shaft is held; Fig. 3 is an end elevation and
Fig. 4 a transverse section of part of a drawing frame, shewing our improved
mode of stopping the machine when the can is full; Fig. 5, a detached view
of part of the stop motion when the sliver is broken; and Figs. 6, 7, 8, and 9
are detached views of parts of the stop motion for the drawing frame when the
oscillating shaft is held.
In the first part of our Invention for improvements in machinery or

page_text: apparatus for stripping or cleaning the flats of carding engines, we make each
flat of metal of about one-half inch in depth, and cause it to work upon a
pin so that it can be turned back, and at each side of the card cylinder we
employ a lever working loose upon the shaft of the cylinder, and give the
levers a traversing motion by means of toothed quadrants, connecting rod, and
crank. The levers near the flats have holes or bearings for holding a circular
brush, which has revolving motion imparted to it by means of gearing on one
of the levers put in motion from a pulley on the cylinder shaft. The other
lever is also provided with toothed wheels for operating on the flats, so that as
the levers move forward the flats will be turned back, and then returned to
their original position one after the other. As each flat is turned backwards
and forwards the brush comes in contact with the card on the flat, and
efficiently strips and cleans it, and after all the flats have been stripped and
cleaned the levers are returned to their original position for the purpose of
repeating the operation, which is performed continuously with the working of
the engine.
In Figs. 1 and 2, a represents the framework of the carding engine; b, the
feed rollers; c, the card cylinder; d, the doffing cylinder; e, one of the bends;
and f, the flats. On each of the bends e we fix as many brackets g opposite
each other as there are flats, some of which brackets and parts connected with
them are shewn enlarged in Figs. 3 and 4. At each end of the flat there is
a boss h, having in it a hole for carrying the flat upon a pin on the bracket;
to the boss is fixed a worm wheel i gearing into a worm k working in bear-
ings in the bracket g. On the top of the spindle of the worm there is a
pin wheel m, which is turned alternately in opposite directions by the pinion n,
which gears into another pinion o, the spindle of which works in a boss on
the bracket p, which vibrates on a stud fixed to one of the levers q, Figs. 1,
2, 3, and 4, placed at each side of the framework of the engine, and working
on the shaft of the card cylinder, which levers are formed at the top with
holes or bearings, and at the bottom as a toothed quadrant or segment r,
which gears into another toothed quadrant or segments on the shaft t,
extending across the lower part of the engine, and having an arm or lever u
fixed at one end. On the shaft of the driving feed roller 6 we fix a pinion v,
which gives motion by means of the intermediate gearing to the wheel w,
having a crank pin jointed to one end of the connecting rod x, the other end
of which is jointed to the lever u, so that when the roller revolves the levers
and quadrants vibrate to and fro, the lengths of the quadrants being arranged
to cause the tops of the levers to traverse the entire circumference of the flats.
The upper portion of one of the levers q is shown in Figs. 3 and 4, it has at

page_text: the top a hole for a tie rod y, and a hole or bearing for a revolving shaft a',
and also a hole or bearing for a stationary rod or shaft 6. To the shaft of
the card cylinder is fixed a pulley c¹, Figs. 1 and 2, which gives motion by
the strap d' to the pulley e¹ and spur wheel f¹ fixed to it, both working loose
on the stationary rod or shaft 6. The wheel f¹ gears into the spur wheel g¹
fixed to the shaft a', to which are also fixed the spur wheels h¹, k¹; the spur
wheel h' gears into the wheel 1', working loose on the rod b¹, which wheel
gears into the wheel m', fixed to the shaft n', which works in brackets o¹, and
carries the circular brush or card p², which is balanced by a spring, and is
constantly turning at a speed proportionate with the diameters of the pulleys
and wheels when the card cylinder revolves. On the stud of the bracket p is
placed the spur wheel g¹ and bevil wheel r¹, fixed to each other and working
loose on the stud. The spur wheel gears into the spur wheel k³, and the bevil
wheel into another bevil wheel s¹, fixed to the spindle, to which is attached
the pinion n gearing in the pinion o, which gears in the pin wheel m. The
said pinions are always in motion when the card cylinder revolves and gives
an alternate revolving motion to the pin wheel in the following manner :—
At the under side of the bracket p there is a projection t¹ in line with the
tops of the brackets, which are formed with inclines and notches u, v, so
that when the levers 9 are traversing in the direction of the arrow the pro-
jection t¹ will fall into the notch u¹ and allow the pinion to gear into one side
of the pin wheel and turn the worm k and wheel i, and thereby turn the
flat f, after which the projection t¹ rises up the incline and lifts the pinion out
of gear, and then the projection falls into the notch v¹ and places the pinion.
in gear with the opposite side of the pin wheel, so as to reverse its motion
and return the flat to its original position, and as the brackets are similar this
operation is the same for all the flats. At the front of the bracket P there is
an arm or lever w³, which rests freely in an inclined position on the rim x',
so as to allow the pinions to rise and fall. When the lever w¹ has passed the
rim of the last bracket it falls to a perpendicular position, so that on its
return towards the first flat the bracket shall be raised and hold the pinion n
above all the pin wheels m, there being a stop for maintaining the lever w³ in
the perpendicular position. After the lever has returned past the first rim it
is caught when it moves forward by the rim and retakes its inclined position.
The boss at each end of the flat is slotted for passing it over the piu which
supports it. In Figs. 5 and 6 the pin is shewn at a³, it has a collar 6ª, and
is fixed to the bracket g. On the pin is placed the worm wheel i, which has
a projection c³ fitting the slot d³, so that the flat may be turned when motion
is given to the worm wheel, and in order to prevent the boss from falling off

page_text: the pin when the flat is turned up there is a rim & for the boss to ride upon;
or we fix the worm wheel on the boss of the flat and make the boss either
with or without a slot. If a slot is employed there must be a rim on the
worm wheel for the boss to rest upon, but if not the pin and bracket are
moved sideways when the flat has to be removed.
When a larger number of flats are employed than shewn in the Drawing,
we lengthen the peripheries of the toothed quadrants or segments r, s, and
substitute for the lever u a toothed wheel of less radius than the lever. We
gear the toothed wheel into another quadrant of larger radius than the wheel,
and move the quadrant to and fro by a connecting rod on a crank pin on the
wheel w, Fig. 1. The circular brush or card p' is made of any suitable
diameter, and caused to revolve at any required speed either by spur wheels,
as shewn in the Drawing, or by means of a worm and worm wheel. The
brackets o', which carry the circular brush or card, work loose on their axes,
and at one end of the shaft of the brush there is a guide wheel fa little larger
in diameter than the brush, which wheel rides on the flat outside the card, so
that when the flat turns up the guide wheel rides upon it and allows the brush
as it revolves to enter the card and effectually strip and clean it. The guide
wheel and brush advance as the levers move onward and pass on and over
the edge of the flat and then on its top as it is turning down, the guide wheel
preventing the brush from touching the surface; these movements are the
same for all the flats, and when they are all stripped the levers 9 are
returned to the first working position and the stripping operation repeated.
The brackets o¹ carry a comb g³, the teeth of which enter the circular brush
and collect the waste.
In the second part of our Invention, consisting of improved modes of
actuating the doffer comb, we attach the comb by means of rods to an oscillating
shaft having at one end a double lever with a slot or fork at each end. In
line with the oscillating shaft, and at right or oblique angles to it, there is
another shaft, to which is fixed an inclined circular plate, the edges of which are
fitted into the aforesaid slots or forks, so so that as the inclined plate revolves
it gives an oscillating motion to the doffer comb; or we place the inclined
circular plate in a box or chamber pivotted to the double lever, and thereby
produce the same effect; or instead of the inclined plate we use a boss or
cylinder having the end of a shaft passed through it in an inclined direction,
and its periphery working in a bush or against surfaces pivotted to the double
lever.
One arrangement for actuating the doffer comb is shewn in Figs. 1, 2, 7,
and 8. The comb is shewn at k³, it is attached by the arms to the oscillating.

page_text: shaft m², to which is fixed the double lever n', having a slot in each arm.
On the outside of the framework of the engine there is a shaft o³, working
in bearings p² fixed to one of the pedestals of the oscillating shaft, and partly
covered by a guard 9. The said shaft o³ radiates to the centre of the oscillating
shaft, and has at the top an inclined circular plate r³, the outer part of which
is placed in the slots of the double lever. To the bottom of the shaft is fixed
the pulleys, connected by the band with the pulley u³ on the card cylinder
shaft, and as the inclined plate revolves it gives an oscillating motion to the
double lever n², shaft m³, and comb k³.
We also vary the arrangement by placing the inclined circular plate in a
box or chamber, as shewn in Figs. 9, 10, and 11. The box or chamber is
marked; it is pivotted and held in the slots of the double lever n², and in its
interior is placed the inclined circular plate, on the surfaces of which there are
pieces of leather w², Fig. 11, covered by plates of metal ³, which are regulated
by the set screws y² so as to allow the inclined plate to turn between the
leathers with ease and steadiness; or instead of the circular inclined plate
we use a boss or cylinder baving a shaft passing through it from end to end
in an inclined direction. In Figs. 12 and 13 the said boss or cylinder is
shewn at a³, having the top of the shaft o³ passing through it from end to end
in an inclined direction. The said boss is fitted in another cylinder 6³, pivotted
to the double lever n³, fixed to the oscillating shaft m³, and when revolving
motion is given to the shaft o³, a peculiar motion is given to the boss a³,
which imparts an oscillating motion to the double lever n³, shaft m³, and
comb k².
In another arrangement we place the boss a³ between surfaces of leather
fixed in clips having pivots held in the double lever. In Figs. 14 and 15 the
surfaces of leather are shewn at c³, and the clips to which they are fixed at d³ ;
the clips have pivots ³, held in slots in the double lever n², the sides of which
lever are formed as at f³ for holding set screws g³ for adjusting the leathers
against the boss a³ and the set screws h³ for holding the clips fast to the double
lever, the parts being fixed to the double lever by the screws k³.
The third part of our Invention consists of an improved mode of stopping
the motion of the drawing frame and carding engine when the can is full.
For the drawing frame it is represented in Sheet 2, Figs. 3 and 4. We fix
at the end of one of the calender rollers m³ a worm n³, and gear it into a
worm wheel o³ fixed to the end of a long screw or worm p³ carrying a half
nut and lever 93, which are traversed onwards as the calenders revolve.
Below the long screw or worm there is a bar 3, to which a bracket s³ is
fastened at any desired position, the top of the bracket passing over the screw

page_text: so that the half nut and lever can come in contact with it. The bar ³ passes
through the roller beam and is provided with a projection t, which holds up
the bar as long as it rides upon its bearing, but allows the bar to be depressed
when the projection has passed beyond it by the traversing action of the half
nut and lever, which operation causes the bar to come in contact with a
lever on the back oscillating shaft 3, and stop the frame. When this
apparatus is applied to carding engines we give it motion by fixing the worm
on one of the delivery rollers. By these arrangements we dispense with the.
necessity of change wheels, for by means of the long screw and the adjustment
of the position of the bracket according to the number of counts, the machine
will be stopped when the can is full.
In Fig. 1, Sheet 2, we represent the fourth part of our Invention, consisting
of an improved mode of stopping the motion of the drawing frame when the
sliver is broken. Between the drawing and calender rollers we place levers a*,
one of which is shewn about full size in Fig 5, the said levers work on knife
edges b', and are formed at the tops for the slivers to pass on them. The
said levers are weighted or balanced so as to work freely, and are placed above
the levers c*, fixed to the front oscillating shaft d*, which is connected to the
back oscillating shaft by the levers e, f, and rod g' in the usual manner.
The levers a are made very light and work with certainty, and when the
sliver breaks the weighted end of the lever a', falls and comes in contact with
its corresponding lever c, and thereby holds the oscillating shafts and stops
the frame.
The fifth and last part of our Invention, consisting of an improved stop
motion for stopping the drawing frame when the ordinary back oscillating
shaft is held, is shewn in Figs. 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, and 9. On the back oscillating
shaft we fix a lever h', having in it a notch or recess k', Figs. 8 and 9, and
carrying at the top a pin or stud ', Figs. 1 and 2, which pin supports another
lever m, jointed by the rod n' to a crank pin on the wheel fixed to the back
roller shaft. On the second lever m' there is a projection of, Figs. 6 and 7,
which fits into the recess k', and is locked by a weight p' on the oscillating
shaft, so that both the levers p' and m' move together and work the shaft so
long as the shaft is not held. On a stud fixed to the table or framework
there is a tumbler lever g', having one arm in contact with the lever m², and
the other fitting a notch in the sliding bar r, having a pin or hook s* for
holding one end of a strong spring t connected at the other end to a stationary
stud or hook, so that when the tumbler lever is released from the notch in
the bar, the said bar shall have a sliding motion imparted to it by means of
the spring. The ordinary weighted stopping bar is shewn at u, it carries the

page_text: strap fork v, to which is fixed the pin w in contact with the sliding bar 7.
When the oscillating shaft is held, the second lever m* is shifted from the
recess and pushes one arm of the tumbler lever 9*, and removes the other
arm from the notch in the bar r, thus leaving the bar at liberty to be acted
upon by the spring t, which thereby gives the bar a sliding motion, and
consequently the pin w' and strap fork v', and stops the frame.
Having now described the nature and particulars of our said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, we desire it to be
understood that we claim, in machinery or apparatus used in the preparation
of cotton, wool, flax, or other fibrous materials to be spun,-
First, the improved system of stripping or cleaning the flats of carding
engines by self-acting mechanism.
Secondly, the various improved modes of actuating the doffer comb of
carding engines.
Thirdly, the improved mode of stopping the motion of the drawing frame
and carding engine when the can is full.
Fourthly, the improved balanced levers working on knife edges at the front
of the drawing frame for stopping the frame when a sliver is broken.
And, fifthly, the levers h' on the oscillating shaft, Figs. 1 and 2, Sheet 2,
the lever m jointed to the lever p' and the tumbler lever q' for stopping the
motion of the drawing frame, when the back oscillating shaft is held, as all
such improvements are herein described and illustrated in the accompanying
two Sheets of Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Standish and John Gooden, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Nineteenth day of February, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named John Standish and
John Gooden, in the presence of
E. J. HUGHES,
JOHN STANDISH. (L.S.)
JOHN GOODEN. (L.S.)
Patent Agent, Manchester.