IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING IN COLORS UPON INDIA RUBBER, KAMPTULICON, CORTICINE, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES AND FABRICS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: the Republic of France, but temporarily of 33, Southampton Buildings,
Holborn, Middlesex, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING
IN COLORS UPON INDIA RUBBER, KAMPTULICON, CORTICINE, AND
OTHER SUBSTANCES AND FABRICS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES," the same bearing date the 26th day
of July 1879, one half of which said Letters Patent have been duly
assigned to Francis Anderson, of Rue Lafayette, Paris, in the Republic of
France, which assignment has been duly registered in the Register of
Proprietors, pursuant to the 35th section of the Patent Law Amendment.
Act.
DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION proposed to be
entered by the said William George White as such patentee as aforesaid, and
the said Francis Anderson as such assignee as aforesaid, pursuant to the
Statutes in that case made and provided.
Whereas we havo been advised that the Specification to the said Letters Patent
may be held to embrace generally the production of printing blocks from fatty
materials compounded with colors or pigments, and we have no desire to make or
retain any such extended claim :
And whereas further we have ascertained that the method described in the said
Specification for fixing colors does not possess any substantial novelty, and hence
do not desire to make or retain any claim to the same:
And whereas, further, we have found that the use of picric acid with the
absorbent matter in extracting grease from fabrics, is open to a practical objection
which we desire to state.
We therefore for these reasons desire to disclaim and alter the said Specification,
and we do hereby disclaim and alter the same by striking out at page 3 of the
Specification as it is printed by Her Majesty's Printers, at line 14, the words "My
improved process for."
$6
Also by inserting at page 5, line 21, after the words "picric acid," the words I
frequently however omit the picric acid, as it causes discoloration of the bath."
Also by inserting at page 5 after line 42 the words "I wish it to be understood
"that in respect to the composition, manufacture, and manipulation of the color

page_text: **
type or block 1 make no claim, except as to that which relates to its special
composition, manufacture, and manipulation to print upon india rubber or
kamptulicon, and the similar materials known by other trade names, as corticine,
and except as to the double or divided type or block with indentations, such as
I have described for printing upon fringes. In respect to the methods described
" for fixing the colors I make no claim."
#
"
Also by striking out at page 5, line 46, after the words "colors upon" the
word "india."
Also by striking out at the commencement of the next line the words "rubber,
kamptulicon, corticine, leather."
"
Also by striking out in the same line after the word " fringes" the words
corduroy, and "inserting in lieu thereof the words "applicable also to.”
Also by striking out on the saine page lines 49 and 50.
Also by striking out on the same page at the commencement of line 51 the
word "Fourthly," inserting in lieu thereof the word "Thirdly."
Also by striking out at page 6, the commencement of line 1, the word "Fifthly,”
inserting in lieu thereof the word "Fourthly."
And in order that the effect of this Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration
may be better understood, we annex a copy of the Specification as it will appear
when such Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration has been made as aforesaid.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM GEORGE
WHITE, of Paris, in the Republic of France, but temporarily of 33, Southampton
Buildings, Holborn, Middlesex, send greeting:
-:
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty sixth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy nine, in the forty second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William George White, Her special license that I, the said William George White,
iny executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
George White, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter, during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING IN
COLORS UPON INDIA RUBBER, KAMPTULICON, CORTICINE, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
AND FABRICS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER
PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William George
White, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same,
was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William George White, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in printing in colors upon india
rubber, kamptulicon, corticine, and other substances and fabrics, parts of which
improvements are applicable to other purposes, by means whereof a picture or
design containing any number of variegated colors of any hue and tone blended
together in the most delicate tints is produced at a single operation, and a perfect
result is obtained at the same time, that by fixing the colors as presently described
such picture or design is rendered imperishable from the effects of time.

page_text: In order to carry out my Invention I proceed as follows:-I make a block or
type form in the following manner.
I take, say, of tallow (preferably Russian or Australian tallow) or suet, 25 parts,
of paraffin, ozokerit, or bees wax, or any suitable equivalent, 121, parts, of maw
seed or poppy oil, 5 parts, of venetian turpentine, 25 parts, of bleached linseed oil,
5 parts, and of albumen, 3 parts. I submit these ingredients to heat and allow
them to remain at a simmering point for one hour, continuous stirring being
necessary, I then pass such composition through fine hair sieves or strainers into
tins or other receptacles where it is allowed to cool.
I then mix the colors in the following manner :-I take any given portion of the
composition, prepared as already described, and also of the requisite colors and
grind them together.
The coloring matter so formed may, when cool, be easily cut into blocks or type
of any required form, wherewith a picture or design containing any number of
variegated colors may be produced complete at one single printing.
The process I use in copying any such picture or design is as follows:-I first
run the coloring material into square blocks of any convenient size and allow them
to cool, and when sufficiently hard I trace the design or picture, or such portion
thereof as may be convenient, upon the surface of the block or blocks required for
the same by means of tracing paper or any other transparent medium. The design
or pattern so traced thereon is then cut out by means of a band, knife, or ribbon,
worked over two revolving pullies similar to a band sawing machine.
For instance, if I desire to produce a variegated design in ornamental scrolls
having a blue ground, while the centre of the scroll is dark grey shaded on either
side with light grey, I commence with the block or type which is of a dark grey
and having traced the necessary outlines thereon, I place the same in the band
cutting machine and cut out the dark grey scroll. I then place the scroll so
produced in a suitable frame and run the light grey color round it, and when the
composition has become cool and hard the block or type is removed from the frame,
and the light colored outlines are in a similar manner traced and cut out therein. I
then replace such block or type in the frame and run in the blue ground color
around it.
In the case of small fine designs or picture work, where there are a number of
colors and tints requiring small cuttings and a continued running of different
colors, I use any suitable transparent medium, such as tale, or a composition formed
of resin and collodion having the design traced thereon and fixed in a suitable
frame in such a manner that it may be easily placed on the color block or type so
that the requisite outlines indicating the different colors or tints to be produced
may be marked thereon; moreover, care should be taken when running the colors
to place pieces of damp wood in proper position so as to form a wall and thus
ensure the color remaining in the required position until it has become hard.
When the design or picture is finished the color blocks or types composing the
same are placed on a machine and cut to a uniform level so as to present an even
surface for printing.
I then in order to print copies of such design or picture upon any or either of
the materials or fabrics already named first damp the material or fabric to be used
with spirits of turpentine, or any other suitable volatile essence or spirits, after
which I place such fabric or material upon the color type or block and pass one or
more rollers lightly over the same, in doing which a fac simile of such design or
picture is produced upon or transferred to the surface of the fabric or material.
The number of impressions obtainable from such color type or block depends
partly upon the thickness of the block itself and partly upon the more or less
absorbent nature of the material or fabric printed on.
After the fabric or material has been so printed upon I place the same in a hot
air chamber in order to evaporate the turpentine or other volatile essence of spirits
therefrom.
When the design or picture is to be printed on india rubber or kamptulicon I

page_text: use in addition to the ingredients already specified about 10 per cent. of composite
wax and about 5 parts of clear driers when making the material or composition
for the color type or block, and previous to taking any impressions therefrom I
slightly damp the inda rubber or kamptulicon with naphtha in order to facilitate
the extraction of the color.
When the design or picture is so printed on india rubber or kamptulicon I
permanently fix the same thereon by applying thereto a solution composed of, say,
1 pint of wood essenco to 1 ounce of pulverized shellac previously dissolved by
slow heat. These ingredients after being mixed together are allowed to stand for
24 hours, after which they are strained off through any suitable filtering medium,
and the solution is then fit for use. Such solution not only permanently fixes the
colors, but also neutralizes the action of the grease remaining on the india
rubber.
In order to fix the colors when the design is printed on leather, kid, or other
similar substances, I employ albumen, preferably that made from the white of
eggs, and submit it to pressure by passing the leather or other substance through
glass or other suitable rollers in order to impart a gloss thereto.
Another important advantage of my improved process of type forming is that I
am thereby enabled to print designs on fringes suitable for upholstery purposes.
This I effect in the following manner :-I make a model of wood or other suitable
material corresponding in shape and size to the cords of the fringe to be printed;
I then make a color block or type in the manner already described, and cut the
same in half longitudinally through the centre, so that in printing the saune pattern
will be both at the top and bottom, one half being placed on the bottom of the
printing machine and the other half or counterpart in a frame so arranged that
when the mould is placed on the bottom half of the color type or block the top or
counter color type or block is then brought on the top of the mould and bottom
color type or block, suitable pressure is then brought to bear on the top, which
imbeds the model both on the top and bottom color types, and upon removing the
mould or model fac-simile indentations will be found in two halves of the color
type or block ready to receive the cords of the fringe.
I then saturate the fringe with spirits of turpentine and place it on the lower
half of the color type.
The upper half or counterpart is then placed upon the fringe and bottom type,
and upon applying a suitable pressure by rollers or otherwise the color is casily
extracted from the type and the design printed on both sides of the fringe.
In order after thus printing upon fringes, borders, and other analogous substances,
to permanently fix the colors in the fabric I apply thereto a solution made of
alum and ordinary blood albumen mixed together in suitable proportions, and which
solution I force into the material or fabric by any suitable means, after which I
cause the same to be rapidly dried. Or I fix such colors by grinding these fixatives
up with a mass composing the block or type, and pouring albumen therein in the
ratio of about 10 per cent. and heated to about 120° Fahrenheit, after which,
when the design is printed upon the fabric, I subject the same to heat in a steam
chamber, whereby the steam acting upon the albumen permanently fixes the colors
in the fabric; or such colors may be fixed in any other ordinary and well known
manner.
Another part of my Invention relates to effectually extracting the grease
remaining in the fabric after so printing thereon. For this purpose I employ a
bath composed of sawdust, wool, or any other suitable absorbent saturated with
crude naptha, or benzine, mixed with, say, 10 per cent. of ammonia and three per
cent. of picric acid. I frequently however omit the picric acid as it causes
discoloration of the bath.
The fabric being first enveloped in blotting paper or any other suitable equivalent
is then placed or laid on the sawdust or its equivalent, and submitted to heavy
pressure, when the essence or spirit contained in the sawdust or its equivalent
ascends through the pores of the printed fabric, completely extracting the grease

page_text: therefrom and precipitating the same into the sawdust or other absorbent, whence
it may be collected when solidified and reutilized for the manufacture of soap and
other commercial purposes.
Or I employ thin flat bags or cases made of flannel, or felt, or any other suitable
material filled with the saturated 'material which may be used in the following
manner, viz.-Place one bag on the bottom of the press, then lay the printed
fabric on the top, and then another bag on the top of the fabric, and so on,
forming layer upon layer until the press is full, after which submit the whole to
the requisite pressure.
Care must be taken that the bath is not of such a strength as to injure or
weaken the tone of the design by extracting any portion of the colors
simultaneously with the grease.
This bath may also be used with advantage by dyers and others for cleansing
purposes.
Corduroy may also be manipulated by my Invention so as to present the
appearance of a valuable velvet material without in any way deteriorating from its
lasting properties.
I wish it to be understood that in respect to the composition, manufacture, and
manipulation of the color type or block I make no claim, except as to that which
relates to its special composition, manufacture, and manipulation to print upon
india rubber or kamptulicon, and the similar materials known by other trade
names, as corticine, and except as to the double or divided type or block with
indentations such as I have described for printing upon fringes. In respect to the
methods described for fixing the colors I make no claim,―
I claim,-
Firstly. The composition, manufacture, and manipulation of my improved color
type or block, as herein before specified.
Secondly. The improved method of printing therefrom in colors upon fringes,
applicable also to other substances and fabrics, as herein before specified.
Thirdly. The improved method of neutralizing and extracting the grease
from any such design by means of a bath composed as herein before specified.
Fourthly. The application and utilization of such bath for other dyeing and
cleansing purposes.
In witness. whereof, we, the said William George White and Francis Anderson,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Eighth day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
W. C. WHITE. (L.S.)
F. ANDERSON. (L.S.)
To the Commissioners of Patents for Inventions.
I hereby grant my Fiat giving leave to the above named William George White
and Francis Anderson to file in the Office of the Commissioners of Patents with
the Specification to which the same relates the above written Disclaimer and
Memorandum of Alteration.

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William George White, of Paris, in the Republic of
France, but temporarily of 33, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, Middlesex,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING IN COLORS UPON INDIA
RUBBER, KAMPTULICON, CORTICINE, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES AND FABRICS,
PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES."
Sealed the 23rd January 1880, and dated the 26th July 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William George White at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th July 1879.
$€
WILLIAM GEORGE WHITE, of Paris, in the Republic of France, but temporarily
of 33, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, Middlesex. IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING
IN COLORS UPON INDIA RUBber, KampTULICON, CORTICINE, AND OTHER SUB-
STANCES AND FABRICS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER
PURPOSES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in printing in colors upon india
rubber, kamptulicon, corticine, and other substances and fabrics, parts of which
improvements are applicable to other purposes, by means whereof a picture or
design containing any number of variegated colors of any hue and tone blended'
together in the most delicate tints is produced at a single operation, and a perfect
result is obtained, at the same time that, by my improved process for fixing the.
colors, as presently described, such picture or design is rendered imperishable from
the effects of time.
In order to carry out my Invention, I proceed as follows:-I first make a block
or type form of suet and wax, or of a composition of wax, stearine, paraffin, ozokerit,
or other equivalents mixed together in suitable proportions; thus in composing a
type for the purpose of printing on india rubber, kamptulicon, or other similar
substances, I take of suet and wax or composition of wax about twenty parts each,
and of linseed oil and clear driers about ten parts each. I then heat the same to a
sufficient degree to allow of their being well mixed together, after which I allow
them to cool. I then mix the colors in the following manner :-I take any given
portion of the composition, and also of the requisite color, and grind them together.
In order to extract the color and grease from the type on to the kamptulicon or
other similar substance 1 employ pure essence of turps with which I slightly
(Price 4d1

page_text: saturate the material to be printed upon, but when printing on india rubber, I first
extract the color by means either of naphtha or benzine, or preferably by crude
naphtha, which contains a large proportion of benzine, and I fix the design when
printed on these substances by a solution composed of wood essence and bleached
shellac mixed together in suitable proportions, say, 1 pint of wood essence to 1 oz.
of pulverised sbellac. Such solution not only permanently fixes the colors, but
also destroys any residuum of grease remaining on the india rubber.
In order to fix the colors when printing upon leather, kid, or other similar sub-
stances, I employ albumen made from the white of eggs, and pass a glass roller over
the surface of the design in order to impart a gloss thereto.
Another important advantage of my improved process of type forming is, that I
am thereby enabled to print designs on fringes, suitable for upholstery purposes;
and to obtain exact reproductions of designs in tapestry, not only with the greatest
accuracy, but at a comparatively nominal outlay. In order to print a design on a
fringe, I embed one half thereof in the type or material resting on the bottom of
the printing machine, and the other half in the counter or top type which is made
to exactly match the bottom type. The fringe having been previously wetted with
turps upon applying a slight pressure to the block or type, either by rollers or
otherwise, the color is easily extracted from the type, and the design simultaneously
printed on both sides of the fringe.
Another part of my Invention relates to effectually extracting the grease
remaining in the fabric after so printing thereon. For this purpose I employ a
bath composed of sawdust, wool, or any other suitable absorbent saturated with
naphtha or benzine mixed with about 2 per cent. of alum, and 5 per cent. of
ammonia. I then subject this bath to heat in a drying room heated to a suitable
degree, and place the newly printed fabric or substance therein, whereupon the
heat causes the essence contained in the sawdust or other absorbent body to
exhale, and such essence ascending through the pores of the printed fabric com-
pletely extracts the grease therefrom, and precipitates the same upon the sawdust
or other absorbent, whence it may be subsequently collected when solidified, and
reutilised for the manufacture of soap and other commercial purposes. I take care
that the bath shall not be of such a strength as to injure the tone of the colors of
the design by extracting any portion thereof simultaneously with the grease. This
bath may also be used with advantage by dyers and others for cleansing purposes.
In order after thus printing upon fringes and other analogous substances to
permanently fix the colors in the fabric, I apply thereto a solution made of alum
and ordinary blood albumen mixed together in suitable proportions, and which
solution I force into the material or fabric by any suitable means, after which I
cause the same to be rapidly dried. Or I fix such colors by grinding them up
with the mass composing the block or type, and pouring albumen therein in the
ratio of about 10 per cent., and heated to about 120° Fahrenheit, after which, when
the design is printed upon the fabric, I subject the same to heat in a steam chamber,
whereby the steam acting upon the albumen permanently fixes the colors in the
fabric.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William George White in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 26th
January 1880.
WILLIAM GEORGE WHITE, of Paris, in the Republic of France, but temporarily
of 33, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING
IN COLORS UPON INDIA RUBBER, KAMPTULICON, CORTICINE, AND OTHER SUB-
STANCES AND FABRICS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER
PURPOSES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in printing in colors upon india
rubber, kamptulicon, corticine, and other substances and fabrics, parts of which
improvements are applicable to other purposes, by means whereof a picture or
design containing any number of variegated colors of any hue and tone blended
together in the most delicate tints is produced at a single operation, and a perfect
result is obtained, at the same time that, by my improved process for fixing the
colors as presently described, such picture or design is rendered imperishable from
the effects of time.
In order to carry out my Invention, I proceed as follows:-I make a block or
type form in the following manner :-
I take, say, of tallow (preferably Russian or Australian tallow) or suet, 25 parts;
of paraffin, ozokerit, or bees wax, or any suitable equivalent, 12',, parts; of maw
seed or poppy oil, 5 parts; of Venetian turpentine, 25 parts; of bleached linseed
oil, 5 parts; and of albumen, 3 parts. I submit these ingredients to beat, and
allow them to remain at a simmering point for one hour, continuous stirring being
necessary. I then pass such composition through fine hair sieves or strainers into
tins or other receptacles, where it is allowed to cool.
I then mix the colors in the following manner:-I take any given portion of the
composition prepared as already described, and also of the requisite colors, and
grind them together.
The coloring matter so formed may, when cool, be easily cut into blocks or type
of any required form, wherewith a picture or design containing any number of
variegated colors may be produced complete at one single printing.
The process I use in copying any such picture or design is as follows :-I first
run the coloring material into square blocks of any convenient size, and allow them
to cool, and when sufficiently hard, I trace the design or picture, or such portion
thereof as may be convenient, upon the surface of the block or blocks required for
the same, by means of tracing paper or any other transparent medium. The design
or pattern so traced thereon is then cut out by means of a band knife or ribbou
worked over two revolving pullies similar to a band sawing machine.
For instance, if I desire to produce a variegated design in ornamental scrolls,
having a blue ground, while the centre of the scroll is dark gray shaded on either
side with light gray, I commence with the block or type which is of a dark gray,
and having traced the necessary outlines thereon, I place the same in the band
cutting machine, and cut out the dark gray scroll; I then place the scroll so pro
duced in a suitable frame, and run the light gray color round it, and when the
composition has become cool and hard, the block or type is removed from the frame,
and the light colored outlines are in a similar manner traced and cut out therein;
I then replace such block or type in the frame, and run in the blue ground color
around it.
In the case of small fine designs or picture work where there are a number of

page_text: colors and tints requiring small cuttings, and a continued running of different
colors, I use any suitable transparent medium, such as talc, or a composition formed
of resin and collodion, having the design traced thereon, and fixed in a suitable
frame in such a manner that it may be easily placed on the color block or type, so
that the requisite outlines indicating the different colors or tints to be produced
may be marked thereon. Moreover, care should be taken when running the colors
to place pieces of damp wood in proper position so as to form a wall, and thus
ensure the color remaining in the required position until it has become hard.
When the design or picture is finished, the color-blocks or types composing the
same are placed on a machine and cut to a uniform level, so as to present an even
surface for printing.
I then, in order to print copies of such design or picture upon any or either of
the materials or fabrics already named, first damp the material or fabric to be used
with spirits of turpentine or any other suitable volatile essence or spirits, after which
I place such fabric or material upon the color type or block, and pass one or more
rollers lightly over the same, in doing which a fac simile of such design or picture
is produced upon or transferred to the surface of the fabric or material.
The number of impressions obtainable from such colour typo or block depends
partly upon the thickness of the block itself, and partly upon the more or less
absorbent nature of the material or fabric printed on.
After the fabric or material has been so printed upon, I place the same in a hot
air chamber in order to evaporate the turpentine or other volatile essence of spirits
therefrom.
When the design or picture is to be printed on india rubber or kamptulicon, I
use, in addition to the ingredients already specified, about 10 per cent. of composite
wax, and about 5 parts of clear driers; when making the material or composition
for the color type or block, and previous to taking any impressions therefrom, I
slightly damp the india rubber or kamptulicon with naphtha, in order to facilitate
the extraction of the color.
When the design or picture is so printed on india rubber or kamptulicon, I per-
manently fix the same thereon by applying thereto a solution composed of, say,
1 pint of wood essence to 1 ounce of pulverized shellac previously dissolved by slow
heat. These ingredients, after being mixed together, are allowed to stand for,
24 hours, after which they are strained off through any suitable filtering medium,
and the solution is then fit for use. Such solution not only permanently fixes the
colors, but also neutralizes the action of the grease remaining on the india rubber.
In order to fix the colors when the design is printed on leather, kid, or other
similar substances, I employ albumen, preferably that made from the white of eggs,
and submit it to pressure by passing the leather or other substance through glass or
other suitable rollers, in order to impart a gloss thereto.
Another important advantage of my improved process of type forming is, that I
am thereby enabled to print designs on fringes suitable for upholstery purposes.
This I effect in the following manner :-I make a model of wood or other suitable
material corresponding in shape and size to the cords of the fringe to be printed.
I then make a color block or type in the manner already described, and cut the
same in half longitudinally through the centre, so that in printing the same pattern
will be both at the top and bottom, one half being placed on the bottom of the
printing machine, and the other half or counterpart in a frame so arranged, that
when the mould is placed on the bottom half of the color type or block, the top or
counter color type or block is then brought on the top of the mould and bottom
color type or block. Suitable pressure is then brought to bear on the top which
imbeds the model both in the top and bottom color types, and upon removing the
mould or model, fac-simile indentations will be found in the two halves of the color
type or block ready to receive the cords of the fringe.

page_text: I then saturate the fringe with spirits of turpentine, and place it on the lower
half of the color type.
The upper half or counterpart is then placed upon the fringe and bottom type,
and upon applying a suitable pressure by rollers or otherwise, the color is easily
extracted from the type, and the design printed on both sides of the fringe.
In order after thus printing upon fringes, borders, and other analogous substances
to permanently fix the colors in the fabric, I apply thereto a solution made of alum
and ordinary blood albumen mixed together in suitable proportions, and which
solution I force into the material or fabric by any suitable means, after which I
cause the same to be rapidly dried. Or I fix such colors by grinding these fixatives
up with the mass composing the block or type, and pouring albumen therein in the
ratio of about ten per cent., and heated to about 120° Fahrenheit, after which, when
the design is printed upon the fabric, I subject the same to heat in a steam chamber
whereby the steam acting upon the albumen permanently fixes the colors in the
fabric. Or such colors may be fixed in any other ordinary and well known
manner.
Another part of my Invention relates to effectually extracting the grease remain-
ing in the fabric after so printing thereon. For this purpose I employ a bath
composed of sawdust, wool, or any other suitable absorbent, saturated with crude
naphtha or benzine mixed with, say, 10 per cent. of ammonia, and 3 per cent. of
picric acid.
The fabric being first enveloped in blotting paper or any other suitable equivalent,
is then placed or laid on the sawdust or its equivalent, and submitted to heavy
pressure when the essence or spirit contained in the sawdust or its equivalent
ascends through the pores of the printed fabric, completely extracting the grease
threfrom, and precipitating the same into the sawdust or other absorbent, whence it
may be collected when solidified and reutilised for the manufacture of soap and
other commercial purposes.
=
Or I employ thin flat bags or cases made of flannel or felt, or any other suitable
material filled with the saturated material, which may be used in the following
manner, viz. Place one bag on the bottom of the press, then lay the printed
fabric on the top, and then another bag on the top of the fabric, and so on, forming
layer upon layer, until the press is full, after which, submit the whole to the
requisite pressure.
Care must be taken that the bath is not of such a strength as to injure or weaken
the tone of the design by extracting any portion of the colors simultaneously with
the grease.
This bath may also be used with advantage by dyers and others for cleansing
purposes,
Corduroy may also be manipulated by my Invention, so as to present the appear-
ance of a valuable velvet material, without in any way deteriorating from its lasting
properties.
I claim,-
Firstly. The composition, manufacture and manipulation of my improved color
type or block, as hereinbefore specified.

page_text: Fifthly. The application and utilisation of such bath for other dyeing and
cleansing purposes.
In witness whereof, I, the said William George White, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty sixth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty.