CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN ADDITIONS TO MY FORMER INVENTION KNOWN BY THE TITLE OF A LAMP APPLICABLE TO THE BURNING OF SUB- STANCES NOT HITHERTO USUALLY BURNED IN BUCH VESSELS OR APPARATUS
Year: 1837

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSHUA
TAYLOR BEALE, of No. 11, Church Lane, Whitechapel, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by
Her Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Seventh day of December, in the first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Joshua Taylor Beale, Her special license, that I, the said
Joshua Taylor Beale, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Joshua Taylor Beale, my exors, admors, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, and Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in all Her Majesty's Colonies and Plantations
abroad, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN ADDITIONS TO MY FORMER
INVENTION KNOWN BY THE TITLE OF A LAMP APPLICABLE TO THE BURNING OF SUB-
STANCES NOT HITHERTO USUALLY BURNED IN BUCH VESSELS OR APPARATUS," and
secured to me by Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain,
bearing date at Westminster, the Fourth day of January, in the fourth year of
the reign of His late most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth, in which
said Letters Patent so granted to me by Her present Majesty, there is con-
tained a proviso obliging me, the said Joshua Taylor Beale, by an instrument
under my hand and seal, particularly-to-describe and ascertain the nature of

page_text: my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to
cause the same to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will
more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Joshua Taylor Beale, do hereby declare that the nature of my Invention con-
sists in the following improvements and additions, that is to say:-
First, in the application as well to the original lamp (by which I mean the
lamp No. 1, described in the Specification of my said former Invention, as to
the modified lamp, which I shall hereafter describe), of inflammable gas and
atmospheric air mixed.
Second, in the application of the original lamp of an additional quantity of
oxygen. For the mode of application I refer to the Specification of my said
former Invention, as also to what is herein-after stated, the manner in which
inflammable gas and atmospheric air are mixed, and the manner in which
oxygen is added to atmospheric air are too well known to require any
description in this place.
Third, in making the channel through which the fluid passes into the cup
nearly the same height as the cup, it being found that in the original lamp the
oil in the cup and channel (whilst burning) increased in density to such a degree
as to occasion the column of oil to become shorter. By this improvement the
lamp is also better calculated to burn oils of a coarser kind, such, for instance,
as the inferior oil obtained from coal tar after drawing off the better kind, and
when even heavy enough to sink in water. This improvement will be seen by
referring to Figure 1 in the Diagram annexed to this my Specification.
Fourthly, in the following additions to the original lamp or burner, for the
better elucidation of which Diagrams in section on a half scale from the models
they have been taken from are annexed to this my Specification; Figure II.
shewing a side light. This burner is divided into two parts, the lower part or
cup marked E is made of very thin sheet iron, thinner than an ordinary
visiting card, indeed, as thin as it can consistently be made, and is about six
inches in length more or less, and five-eighths of an inch in diameter, but these
proportions may be varied according to the size of burner required. This cup
made be made with or without the globular part, as shewn in the different
Figures of the Drawing, the advantage of the globular part being to allow a
larger space for the mixture of air and vapour, or air and gas and vapour, as
the case may be. Into this cup passes the fluid through the channel marked
D, as high as shown by letter F, which is one-eighth of an inch more or less

page_text: below the level of the top of the overflow pipe, shown in the body of the lamp
over which overflow pipe the surplus fluid (in case of any leakage or mis-
management passes into the reservoir B, which reservoir should be made
sufficiently large to hold the contents of reservoir A; C is the chamber which
receives the supply of oil from the reservoir A, which is made to feed the lamp
upon the principle of an ordinary argand reservoir lamp. Up the centre of
the cup E, and through the fluid, passes the small air pipe or air and gas pipe,
as the case may be, marked N, and which pipe I prefer made of thin sheet
iron, and carried to the height, as shewn in the Drawing; the upper part of
the burner G, which is made to slide on the lower part or cup E, is made of
iron or brass, and through the top part of which holes are perforated, as shewn
in the different Figures in the Drawing. The holes encircling the inverted
tube I, and which come inside the cup E, are to admit the combustible mixture
into the top part of the burner K, in the centre of which an inverted tube
marked I, the bottom of which is contracted, as shewn in the Drawing, is
made to screw. The air pipe N, which passes up this inverted tube, allows
the air or air and gas mixed, as the case may be, to pass into this tube, which
being closed at the top consequently causes such air or air and gas, as the case
may be, to be forced downwards upon the surface of the fluid, and thereby
forcibly to be mixed with the vapour, which mixture then passes up through
the inner circle of small holes L into the top part K, where it has again to
pass through other holes, as shewn by the arrows in the Drawing, before it
gets consumed. The top part of the burner K, with the inverted tube. I
screwed through the centre of its bottom, is placed upon the tube G, which is
made to slide up and down over the inner tube or cup E, so as to enable the
adjustment of the distance between the top part of the burner and the
fluid, which varies according to the nature of the fluid used; H, the gallery.
which supports the glass, is attached to the bottom part of the burner G; L,
the holes perforated through the bottom of the top part K, encircling the in--
verted tube and shewn by the upright arrows. M, the holes perforated through
the sides, where the combustible mixture passes through to be consumed after
having passed through the holes L, and shewn by the horizontal arrows; O is the
main air or air and gas pipe into which the small pipe N is fixed, in order to
receive the supply; P, a regulating screw acting as a cock to adjust the
supply of air; Q, a cock for drawing off the overflow from reservoir B; R, a
small cock to turn the air on and off; S, a bracket supporting the lamp. These
additions may be variously modified, in confirmation of which I have shewn a
-few-varieties-in-the-Drawings subjoined to this Specification, and which I have
found to answer, the object being, whatever be the shape given to the

page_text: burner, to supply a regular sufficiency of heat to the upper part of the fluid in
the cup, and to regulate the rush of air, or air and gas, as the case may be,
according to the evaporation taking place.
Figure III. shews a plan of the perforations used in the burner Figure II.;
Figure IV. shews a burner with an upright light with the head of the top K
open. It has a third series of holes perforated, marked T, in the direction shewn
by the angular arrows. The cup E in this burner being made without the globular
part, the sliding tube G is brought down to the part marked H; H' is the gallery
for the glass which is made to slide up and down over the sliding tube G.
Figure V. shews a plan of the perforations used in this burner. Figure VI.
shows a burner with an upright light, with only one series of holes L, shewn by
the upright arrows. The top part K is open at the head and slightly con-
tracted. This burner is not adapted for so large an admixture of gas with the
atmospheric air, as the others will admit of. Figure VII. shows a plan of
the perforations used in this burner; Figure VIII. shews a side light in
most respects similar to Figure II., the Drawing clearly shewing wherein
it chiefly differs, viz, by another row of lights proceeding from the holes shown
by the arrows drawn at right angles, and pointing upwards. Figure IX.
is a plan of the perforations used in this burner. Figure X. shews a side
light burner with the hole L and M closer to the top. Figure XI. is a
plan of the perforations used in this burner. I will here observe that when I
increase the size of the lamp or burners I have found it useful to some of the
oils to fix fangs or prongs to the end of the inverted tube, so as to dip into the
fluid, thereby promoting the evaporation. In this modified or improved lamp
as well as in the original lamp, I consume certain fluids obtained by the dis-
tillation and occasionally rectification from coal tar, vegetable tar, animal oil,
turpentine, resin, india-rubber, bitumen, mineral naptha, petroleum, asphaltum,
and some other of the inflammable, oleaginous, or resinous substances, by mix-
ing with the vapour of the volatile oils obtained from these substances either
atmospheric air alone or a mixture of air and inflammable gas, such as coal
gas and others; when I use atmospheric air alone, and wish to burn the coarser
volatile oils, I first heat the burner (which is not necessary with the finer vola-
tile oils), so as produce a sufficient vapour to become combustible, and to do
this, namely, to heat the burner, I have recourse to a little very fine volatile
oil, such as coal tar, naptha of the better kind, which I pour into that part of
the burner called the cup, upon the coarser oil, after which I turn on the at-
mospheric air and apply a light to the issue of mixed air and vapour; this
method of lighting the lamp need not be resorted to when a mixture of air and
inflammable
gas
is used in such proportions as will render the mixturo inflam-

page_text: mable so as to burn with flame when light is applied, which will heat the
burner and cause the vapour to rise, after which the light becomes regular and
bright with the assistance of a proper pressure on the air holder, which may
be made in the form of a gas holder, the force of pressure on which is about
half an inch, more or less, perpendicular, of mercury, varying, however, accord-
ing to the bore of the pipe. The air also (or air and gas mixed) may be used
in a highly compressed state after the manner of portable gas. I find that
about fifteen per cent., more or less, of coal gas is a sufficient proportion of gas
to be added to the atmospheric air so as to burn with flame, or such proportion
of any other suitable combustible gas may be used as will produce the same
effect; but I do not confine myself to such proportion. I need not say that it
will be prudent to avoid such proportions of air and gas as are explosive, but if
such explosive mixture be used a fine wire gauze must be placed in the supply
pipe to each lamp, so as to avoid the possibility of explosion. I, therefore,
claim as my Invention,―
First, the application of the original and improved lamp of inflammable gas
and atmospheric air, mixed as well in the ordinary as in a highly compressed
state.
Second, the application to the original lamp of an additional quantity of
oxygen.
Thirdly, the improvement made in the channel of the original lamp through
which the fluid passes into the cup.
And, fourthly, the additions to or improved modifications of the original
lamp as herein-before described.
And such my Invention being to the best of my knowledge and belief
entirely new, and never before used within that part of Her Majesty's
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, Her said
Dominion of Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also Her
Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad; and that I do verily believe this
my said Specification doth comply in all respects fully and without reserve
or disguise with the proviso in the said herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent of the Seventh day of December last; wherefore I hereby claim to
maintain exclusive right and privilege to my said Invention to the same.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Sixth day

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Sixth day of June, in the
year of our Lord 1888, the aforesaid Joshua Taylor Beale came before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.