IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING OR PRODUCING VELVETS AND CERTAIN OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1836

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, Louis
GACHET, of Cambridge Heath, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, send
greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Eighteenth day of June, in the sixth year of His reign, did,
for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Louis
Gachet, His especial licence that I, the said Louis Gachet, my exors, admors,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Louis Gachet, my exors, admors,
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the
Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR MANUFACTURING OR PRODUCING VELVETS AND CERTAIN OTHER FABRICS;" in
which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, obliging me, the said Louis
Gachet, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to
describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be inrolled in His
said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the
same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that, in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Louis Gachet, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention to consist in
an improved cutting apparatus for cutting asunder such velvets as are made
by manufacturing two pieces at the same time with one pole warp, the pile
being made between two grounds, and attached to each until cut asunder, as
aforesaid, and also in producing the motions necessary for the said cutting
apparatus by connecting the apparatus with the ordinary jacquard machinery.
And in further compliance with the said proviso, I, the said Louis Gachet, do
hereby describe the manner in which my said Invention is to be performed by
the following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawing annexed,
and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say:―
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 is a plan of the said cutting apparatus. A, A, is a bar of iron,
which I call the main bar, and B, B, are two plates, which I call wings,
fastened one at each end of the main bar; C, C, are two holes cut through
both the bar and wings to receive two steadying pins, which keep the bar in
its place when the apparatus is in use; D, D, D, D, are two stout metal
wires fixed at one end to the resistance plate or bridge E, and at the opposite
end to the tightening screws F, F, by which a considerable degree of tension
should be given to the wires, so that they may be drawn straight and tight;
G, G, is a metal frame or carriage carrying the cutting blade or lancet H,
travelling on the wires D, D, D, D, which pass through each end of the
frame G, G, and have friction rollers I, I, to facilitate its rapid motion across
the loom, which is effected by cords, here colored pink, one at each end of the
lancet carriage G, G, and acted upon by the jacquard machinery, as herein-
after more particularly explained; J, J, J, J, is the upper surface of a hollow
passage or tunnel through which the lancet carriage passes across the loom at
every stroke of the cutting apparatus; and K, K, K, are dents like the dents
of the ordinary reed or cane projecting from the front edge of the said
tunnel. The surface J, J, J, J, of this apparatus present the appearance of
an even surface of lead, and in order to explain this it will be necessary here
to describe the manner of making the tunnel, which is as follows:-Having
cleaned the iron main bar A, A, I thread or place upon it a series of the
thin steel frames, shewn by a side view at Figure 2, and in plan at Figure 3,
by which latter Figure it will be seen that the frames taper at the extreme
end sufficiently to form a separation between their points when placed side by
side on the main bar. Having placed them on a main bar in any required
number, in manner shewn with a few at Figure 4, I pass a brass bar covered

page_text: with thin paper through the cavity or hollow space caused by the thin frames
in front of the main bar; this second bar, which I call the papered bar, is
shewn at L, in Figure 4. I then secure the points of the frames (which after-
wards form the teeth or dents before mentioned) from being affected by the
process I am next about to describe, by tying two pieces of wood M, N,
one above and one below the teeth or dents, by winding over string in the
manner adopted for fastening the canes of the ordinary reeds used by weavers.
Having thus placed the thin frames on the bars, and secured their points,
I run melted lead or soft solder over the whole surface, and thus fasten the
whole together in one mass. The main bar A, A, remains always afterwards
fixed to the thin frames, but the papered bar L is drawn out as soon as the
hot metal has set and cooled, which drawing out could not be easily effected
if it were not for the paper on it, which becoming charred and made tender
by the hot metal easily yields and crumbles away, thus leaving the bar at
liberty to be drawn out, and thus forming the hollow channel or tunnel for
the lancet carriage to pass through, as before described. The pieces of wood
M, N, are then removed, and the whole together presents the appearance
shown at Figure 1, the teeth or dents standing open and clear of each other
for the purpose herein-after described. Figure 5 shews the under side of the
lancet or blade piece with its spring f for holding it in its place; Figure 6 is
an edge view of the same, and Figure 7. the mere lancet blade. itself;
Figure 8 is a side view of one of the tightening screws F, F.
Having now described the several pieces constituting the cutting apparatus,
I will proceed to describe its position in the loom, and the mode of operating
upon it by means of the jacquard machinery.
Figure 9 is a side view, partly in section, of a part of a loom arranged for
weaving velvets in manner before alluded to, and furnished with a jacquard
machinery for the purposes of my said Invention. 0, 0, is the frame of the
loom, P is the jacquard machinery, Q is a piece of double velvet, as before
described, that is, two grounds with one pile between then common to both,
supposed to be in the loom, and only wating to be cut in order to make two
pieces of velvet with separate piles; at R is seen the cutting apparatus in
the position required for use. It should here be stated that the object of the
row of dents or teeth K, K, K, Figure 1, is to make their way between the
threads of the pile, and hold them steady while the blade cuts them; but it
was found that if this were accomplished by a mere pushing forward of the
dents, and any irregularity occurred in the number of threads which got
between any two teeth, the teeth would open. more and more, and the
irregularity become, greater at every cut; so,. to obviate this, I have added.

page_text: a come-and-go motion to the cutting apparatus, which enables the teeth to
clear themselves when drawn back from the work, and make a fresh entry
between the threads of the pile when pushed towards it again. This motion
I accomplish in the following manner, as seen by reference to Figure 10:-
In this Figure O, O, is the frame of the loom, S is a lever turning on the
fulcrum t, which fulcrum is the axis of a roller g, Figures 9 and 11; small
arms m, m, from this roller are fastened to the main bar A, A, of the cutting
apparatus, and this bar is acted upon one way, or in other words is pushed
towards the work by the action of the weight T over the pulley U, and drawn
from the work by the line V, which passes over and round, and is fastened to
the roller W, which roller is acted upon by another cord passed round it in
an opposite direction, and fastened up to one of the hooks of the jacquard, as
shewn at X, Figure 9; thus, the cord X acting one way and and the weight T
the other, the come-and-go motion is obtained for the main bar A, A. It only
remains now to be shewn how the cutter and blade carriage is to be driven
across the loom from side to side. This is effected by means of the cords
Y, Y, Figure 11, which Figure represents a front view of a loom fitted with
the jacquard machinery. The lower ends of the cords Y, Y, are fastened
as shewn in Figure 1, to the lancet carriage, and thenco led under the small
pulleys e, e, and over the small pulleys r, r, and round, in contrary directions,
the large pulley Z, where they are fastened. This pulley Z is on a roller
shaft, round which, in contrary directions, also pass two other cords, which are
led up to two hooks of the jacquard, as here shewn colored green, and which
at each lift of the jacquard turn the roller shaft first one way and then the
other, giving a similar motion to the large pulley Z, which thus alternately
twitches first one and then the other of the cords Y, Y, causing the lancet
carriage at every twitch to pass through the tunnel J, J, J, J, from side to
side of the loom.
Now whereas I have been obliged to describe some parts of looms which
are well known in order to elucidate my said Invention, but I confine my
claim of Invention to the improved cutting apparatus herein-before described,
and to the application of the jacquard machinery for working or giving the
necessary motions of the same; and such my Invention being to the best of
my knowledge and belief entirely new, and never before used within that part
of His said Majesty's United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called
England, His said Dominion of Wales, or Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,
I do hereby declare this to be my Specification of the same, and that I do
verily believe this my said Specification doth comply fully and without reserve
or disguise with the proviso in the said herein before in part recited Letters

page_text: Patent contained, wherefore I hereby claim to maintain exclusive right and
rivilege to my said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Louis Gachet, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-six.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Seventeenth day of December,
in the year of our Lord 1886, the aforesaid Louis Gachet came before our
said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.