IMPROVEMENTS IN COOLING APPARATUSES FOR COOLING OLEINE AND OTHER LIQUIDS to be as follows:
Year: 1884

page_text: I, ADOLF KIND, manager, of Mira, near Venice, Kingdom of Italy do hereby
declare the nature of my said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COOLING
APPARATUSES FOR COOLING OLEINE AND OTHER LIQUIDS to be as follows:-
"
The improved cooling apparatus which is the subject of this invention, is
distinguished from the apparatuses hitherto in use for the cooling of oleine and
similar substances, principally by the feature that the refrigeration is effected not.
by a stationary refrigerating medium, but by a medium in constant movement in a
direction opposite to that of the liquid or substance to be cooled, whereby the
refrigerating effect is materially increased and the whole process can moreover be
much more economically conducted, and a large proportion of the liquid or
substance to be refrigerated can come in contact with the cooling surfaces within a,
short time. This arrangement renders it easy to regulate the refrigeration,
shortening or prolonging its duration as may be desirable. The latter is essential
to ensure a well crystallized mass consisting of the solid fatty acids contained in the
oleine, whereas by the method hitherto in use involving a sudden refrigeration to
the given temperature, a soft non-crystalline mass is produced, from which the solid
fatty acids cannot be separated by filtration.
In the carrying out of my invention, I make use of the apparatus shewn in the
accompanying drawings, as follows:
Fig. 1 shews the apparatus in longitudinal section.
Fig. 2 as seen from above, and
Fig. 3 in cross section.
The apparatus has a cylinder a finished perfectly smooth inside, closed at both
ends by lids b and c, and provided on the outside with a certain number of ribs r¹,
which ribs or projections correspond to similar ribs or projections in the outer
cylinder d, in which the cylinder a is enclosed. These ribs might also be arranged
in spiral or other suitable form. This arrangement produces dividing walls in the
space designed for the circulation of the cooling medium, which are opened
alternately at top and at bottom in such a manner that the water entering to the
right at the bottom at e is forced to circulate around the cylinder a in the direction
of the arrow, escaping at the top to the left through the pipe f. It is obvious that
the ribs can only be attached to the cylinder a.

page_text: The ribs also increase the area of cylinder-surface in contact with the cooling
medium, and thereby increase the effect.
To increase the refrigerating effect, the cylinder d is enveloped in an outer
casing i, and an intermediate layer of slag wool or other bad conductor of heat.
The cisterns for the cooling liquid and the oleine or other substance may be also
protected in the same way.
To contain the oleine or other substance, there is produced in the cylinder a a
narrow annular space formed of the cylinder g, fixed concentrically to a and kept
in slow rotation by means of suitable gearing adjusted to its axis h, around whose
circumference ribs or blades are arranged, which when the axis is rotated scrape
with slight pressure against the sides of the cylinder a. These ribs r may be either
straight or preferably of the contour of a quick screw.
The oleine or other substance entering the apparatus through the cover b at the
top left hand side, is slowly driven by the revolution of the axis & in the direction
shewn by the arrow, subjected to great refrigeration from the exterior, spread in a
thin stream all around the apparatus through the action of the pump d', the cooling
medium constantly circulating between a and d being slowly moved in the contrary
direction eventually escaping to the right below through the cover c.
By this continuous motion in opposite directions the efficiency of the apparatus
is materially improved. When spiral ribs are adopted their shape tends to assist
the circulation of the cooling medium. In addition to these advantages my
invention possesses another in the fact that the charge of fats is stirred throughout
its whole mass since the ribs 7 of the rotating cylinders g cover the entire width of
the annular cooling space of the apparatus, and the ribs r in constant contact with
the inner surface of the cylinder a scrape the same clean, whereby the cylinder
surface is constantly being brought into contact with fresh portions of the charge
and the efficiency thereby increased.
The oleine or other substance to be cooled flows from the chamber a¹ into the
lower chamber c¹, and is forced into the chamber 61 by a force pump d set in
motion by the revolution of the apparatus. As soon as a¹ is empty the taps are
changed and the oleine from bis let into the chamber c¹ and forced by pump.d¹
again through the coooling apparatus into chamber a¹. This circulation is main-
tained until the oleine is refrigerated.
As already pointed out the apparatus permits of the cooling operation being
completed in longer or shorter time as desired, which is of importance in the
crystallization.
...This object may be attained either by increased or diminished speed of the force
pump, or in a manner specially advantageous and peculiar to the present system by
altering the speed of circulation of the cooling medium, which never stagnates, but
can be circulated more or less quickly through the apparatus according to require-
ments. The quicker the speed of circulation the greater will be the cooling effect
produced.
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool,
Patent Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: 36
DE BOLICATION,
I, ADOLPH KIND, Manager, Mirá near Venice, Italy do hereby declare the nature
of my said invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN COOLING APPARATUSES FOR COOLING
OLEINE AND OTHER LIQUIDS, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
.
The improved cooling apparatus which is the subject of this invention, is
distinguished from the apparatuses hitherto in use for the cooling of oleine and
similar substances, principally by the feature that the refrigeration is effected not
by a stationary refrigerating medium, but by a medium in constant movement in å
direction opposite to that of the liquid or substance to be cooled, whereby the
refrigerating effect is materially increased and the whole process can moreover be
much. more economically conducted, and a large proportion of the liquid or
substance to be refrigerated can come in contact with the cooling surfaces within
a short time. This arrangement renders. it easy to regulate the refrigeration,
shortening or prolonging its duration as may be desirable. The latter is essential
to ensure a well crystallized mass consisting of the solid fatty acids contained in
the oleine whereas by the method hitherto in use involving a sudden refrigeration
to the given temperature a soft non-crystalline mass is produced from which the
solid fatty acids cannot be separated by filtration.
In the carrying out of my invention I make use of the apparatus shewn in the
accompanying drawings as follows:
Figure 1 shews the apparatus in longitudinal section.
Figure 2 as seen from above, and
Figure 3 in cross section.
The apparatus has a cylinder a finished perfectly smooth inside, closed at both
ends by lids b and c,.and provided on the outside with a certain number of ribs r
which ribs or projections correspond to similar ribs or projections in the outer
cylinder d in which the cylinder a is enclosed. These ribs might also be arranged
in spiral or other suitable form. This arrangement produces dividing walls in the
space designed for the circulation of the cooling medium which are opened
alternately at top and at bottom in such a manner that the water entering to the
right at the bottom at e is forced to circulate around the cylinder a in the direction
of the arrow, escaping at the top to the left through the pipe f. It is obvious that
the ribs can only be attached to the cylinder a.
The ribs also increase the area of cylinder surface in contact with the cooling
medium, and thereby increase the effect.
To increase the refrigerating effect, the cylinder d is enveloped in an outer
casing and an intermediate layer of slag wool or other bad conductor of heat.
The cisterns for the cooling liquid and the oleine or other substance may be also
protected in the same way!
To contain the oleine or other substance there is produced in the cylinder a
a narrow annular space formed of the cylinder g, fixed concentrically to a and kept
in slow rotation by means of suitable gearing adjusted to its axis h, around whose
circumference ribs or blades r are arranged which when the axis is rotated scrape
with slight pressure against the sides of the cylinder a. These ribs may be
either straight or preferably of the contour of a quick screw.
The oleine or other substance entering the apparatus through the cover b at the
top left hand side, is slowly driven by the revolution of the axis h in the direction

page_text: +
shewn by the arrow, subjected to great refrigeration from the exterior, spread in a
thin stream all around the apparatus through the action of the pump d, the
cooling medium constantly circulating between a and d being slowly moved in the
contrary direction, subsequently escaping to the right below through the cover c.
By this continuous motion in opposite directions the efficiency of the apparatus
is materially improved. When spiral ribs are adopted their shape tends to assist
the circulation of the cooling medium. In addition to these advantages my
invention possesses another in the fact that the charge of fats is stirred through-
out its whole mass since the ribs r of the rotating cylinders g extend the entire
width of the annular cooling space of the apparatus and the ribs r in constant
contact with the inner surface of the cylinder a scrape the same clean, whereby the
cylinder surface is constantly being brought into contact with fresh portions of the
charge and the efficiency thereby increased.
The oleine or other substance to be cooled flows from the chamber a¹ into the
lower chamber c¹, and is forced into the chamber 61 by a force pump dset in
motion by the revolution of the apparatus. As soon as a¹ is empty the taps are
changed and the oleine from b¹ is let into the chamber c¹ and forced by pump d'
again through the cooling apparatus into chamber a¹. This circulation is main-
tained until the oleine is refrigerated.
As already pointed out the apparatus permits of the cooling operation being
completed in longer or shorter time as desired, which is of importance in the
crystallization.
This object may be attained either by increased or diminished speed of the force
pump, or in a manner specially advantageous and peculiar to the present system by
altering the speed of circulation of the cooling medium, which never stagnates
but can be circulated more or less quickly through the apparatus according to
requirements. The quicker the speed of circulation, the greater will be the cooling
effect produced.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what.
I claim is
1st. In the refrigeration of oleine and the like the method of bringing the
crystallizible fatty acids into the solid condition by allowing the fatty matter to
circulate repeatedly through the cooling apparatus in such a manner that its
temperature is gradually decreased, substantially as described and shewn in the
annexed drawings.
.
2nd. The above described combination of parts and especially the series of ribs
or vanes r¹ fixed spirally or otherwise in the space formed by the cylinders a and d
through which flows the refrigerating liquid, passing in at one end and out at the
other together with the series of ribs or vanes r arranged circularily or spirally
upon the rotating cylinder g for the purpose of exposing the fluid to be refrigerated
throughout its whole volume to the influence of the cooling medium whilst it is
forced by a pump in a contrary direction to that of the cooling medium so that the
gradually solidifying portions of the fluid are continuously detached from the
cooling surfaces whereby the full efficiency of the apparatus is, maintained all
substantially as described and shewn in the annexed drawings.
Dated this 97th day of ML 100