IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND COMPOSITION OF NON- CONDUCTING TUBES, FOR ELECTRICAL AND OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Cox Marsh, and Robert John Smith, both of
18 New Bridge Street, in the City of London, Manufacturers, for an Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND COMPOSITION OF NON-
CONDUCTING TUBES, FOR ELECTRICAL AND OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES."
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Cox Marsh and
Robert John Smith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
21st August 1882.
JOSEPH Cox MARSH, and ROBERT JOHN SMITH, both of 18 New Bridge Street,
in the City of London, Manufacturers, "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
AND COMPOSITION OF NON-CONDUCTING TUBES, FOR ELECTRICAL AND OTHER
USEFUL PURPOSES,"
The objects of our said invention are, to construct nonconducting tubes, suitable
for carrying, enclosing, and protecting electrical wires, for electric lighting,
telegraphic, telephonic, and power-conducting purposes, in underground and other
situations; and also to construct such tubes of a thoroughly vitreous material, such
material being also applicable to the formation of tubes and pipes for other useful
purposes than those connected with electricity.
For electrical purposes we construct the tubes of a suitable length and diameter.
The sectional form may be either cylindrical, elliptical, square, or otherwise; and
the internal space may be with or without any number of longitudinal diaphragms
or divisions, whereby any number of separate wires may be carried in a state of
separation, and all the wires are thereby isolated and kept entirely separate from
each other, thus rendering unnecessary the coating of such wires with non-
conducting material, as now practised with underground wires.
It will thus be obvious that the specialty of our invention, as far as concerns
the internal construction and arrangement of the pipe or tube for electrical
purposes is, the formation of one, two, or any number of separate longitudinal
[Price 6d1

page_text: chambers for carrying electrical wires or conductors in a state of separation from
each other.
The ends of such tubes are tapered or otherwise formed so as to be readily
connected together and made watertight by means of india-rubber, gutta-percha,
paraffin, or any other kind of packing, or by any kind of cement or other adhesive
substance.
The composition or material, of which such pipes or tubes are manufactured,
consists of Marland Clay, which exists at Torrington, North Devon, and which
clay becomes, when burnt, perfectly vitreous, and, in consequence, when either
glazed or unglazed, is impervious to water, and is also of great strength to resist
both external and internal pressure.
Our said invention is also applicable to the construction of pipes or tubes for
other useful purposes.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Joseph Cox Marsh and Robert John Smith in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 21st February 1883.
JOSEPH COX MARSH and ROBERT JOHN SMITH both of No 18 New Bridge Street
in the City of London Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
AND COMPOSITION OF
USEFUL PURPOSES
"
NON-CONDUCTING TUBES FOR ELECTRICAL AND
OTHER
The objects of our said Invention are to construct non-conducting tubes, suitable
for carrying, enclosing and protecting electrical wires for electric lighting,
telegraphic, telephonic and power conducting purposes in underground and other
situations and also to construct such tubes of a thoroughly vitreous material, such
material being also applicable to the formation of tubes and pipes for other useful
purposes than those connected with electricity.
For electrical purposes we construct the tubes of a suitable length and diameter-
The sectional form may be either cylindrical, elliptical, square, or otherwise, and
the internal space may be with or without any number of longitudinal diaphragms
or divisions, whereby any number of separate wires may be carried in a state of
separation, and all the wires are thereby isolated and kept entirely separate from
each other, thus rendering unnecessary the coating of such wires with non-
conducting material, as now practised with under-ground wires.
It will thus be obvious that the specialty of our invention, as far as concerns
the internal construction and arrangement of the pipe or tube for electrical
purposes is, the formation of one, two, or any number of separate longitudinal
chambers for carrying, electrical wires or conductors in a state of separation from
each other.
The ends of such tubes are tapered or otherwise formed so as to be readily
connected together and made watertight, by means of india-rubber, gutta-percha,
paraffin, or any other kind of packing or by any kind of cement or other adhesive
substance.
Although in our Provisional Specification we described the composition or
material of which such pipes or tubes were manufactured as consisting of Marland
Clay we have since found in practice that Church Bay Clay is also a suitable
material for the purposes of our invention and which clays consist of 80 per cent
of silica and 20 per cent of alumina which admixture forms and becomes when
burnt, a perfectly vitreous material impervious to moisture, whether glazed or
unglazed and of great strength to resist both external and internal pressure.
Our said invention is also applicable to the construction of galvanic cells and
also of pipes tubes, and analogous articles for other useful purposes.
And in order that our said invention may be fully understood, reference is hereby
made to the accompanying drawings in which similar letters of reference indicate
corresponding parts in the several figures; such drawings however being illus-
trations shewing some of the forms in which our invention may be carried out in
practice, but not being intended to limit such applications to those thereby shewn,
as it is obvious that such forms may be very much varied.
Figure 1 is an external view of one length of pipe, and a portion of another in
connection therewith-a, is the body of the pipe, o is the tapered end, grooved to
receive tarred hemp or other suitable material to form a water tight joint, b is
a tongue or plug which fits into the socket b', to prevent rotation and secure
steadiness and also to indicate when the socket is in its correct position, corre-
sponding internal sockets are also formed as shown at c¹, Figure 2. d, is a flange or
collar extending round the pipe as shown.

page_text: Figure 3 is a sectional view at right angles to Fig 2, shewing a longitudinal
diaphragm e, which divides the pipe into two semicircular portions-This diaphragm
is formed with a tongue at one end, and a grove e³, at the other end as shewn-The
spaces f;f, form suitable receptacles for telegraph wires, which need not be covered
with non-conducting material-Figure 7 is an enlarged sectional view of the tongue
and groove forming the diaphragm joint
. Figure 4 represents the socket end of the pipe-Fig: 5 the plug end and Fig 6
a section of the same.
Figures 8 and 10 shew another form of joint without corrugations or grooves-
Figure 9 is a section of the same.
Figures 11. 12. 13. 14 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19 shew various sectional forms of pipes
suitable for carrying out our said invention.
Figure 20 is an enlarged view of a junction of two pipes.
Figures 21. 22, 23, 24. 25 and 26 show various forms of junction-Figure 21 with
the plug scored:-Figure 22 the same grooved-Figure 23, a "ground in" plug,
Figure 24 a spigot and fawcett joint and Figures 25 and 26 a joint with the plug
covered in and enclosed in an internal groove in the socket
. Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we claim :-
The use and application of vitreous stoneware composed of either Marland or
Church Bay Clay consisting of 80 per cent of silica and 20 per cent of alumina or
thereabout, and the manufacture of non-conducting tubes therefrom for electrical
and other purposes, substantially as herein-before described and shewn on the
drawings or any mere modification thereof
In witness whereof we the said Joseph Cox Marsh and Robert John Smith
have hereunto set our hands and seals the twenty first day of February in
the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eighty three.

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