IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS AND APPLIANCES FOR VENTILATING ENCLOSED LAMPS, BURNERS, AND STOVES, ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE VENTILATION OF HOUSES, CHAMBERS, KILNS, CLOSED VEHICLES, OR OTHER PLACES WHERE IT IS REQUIRED TO REMOVE WARM OR VITIATED AIR, AND TO INTRODUCE COLD OR FRESH AIR IN PLACE THEREOF WITHOUT PRODUCING INJURIOUS OR OBJECTIONABLE DRAUGHTS OR CURRENTS OF AIR
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Henry Smith, of Winchmore Hill, in the
County of Middlesex, for an Invention of "IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS AND
APPLIANCES FOR VENTILATING ENCLOSED LAMPS, BURNERS, AND STOVES,
ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE VENTILATION OF HOUSES, CHAMBERS, KILNS,
CLOSED VEHICLES, OR OTHER PLACES WHERE IT IS REQUIRED TO REMOVE
WARM OR VITIATED AIR, AND TO INTRODUCE COLD OR FRESH AIR IN PLACE
THEREOF WITHOUT PRODUCING INJURIOUS OR OBJECTIONABLE DRAUGHTS OR
CURRENTS OF AIR."
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Henry Smith at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd October 1881.
FREDERICK HENRY SMITH, of Winchmore Hill, in the County of Middlesex.
'IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS AND APPLIANCES FOR VENTILATING ENCLOSED LAMPS,
BURNERS, AND STOVES, ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE VENTILATION OF HOUSES,
CHAMBERS, KILNS, CLOSED VEHICLES, OR OTHER PLACES WHERE IT IS REQUIRED
TO REMOVE WARM OR VITIATED AIR, AND TO INTRODUCE COLD OR FRESH AIR
IN PLACE THEREOF WITHOUT PRODUCING INJURIOUS OR OBJECTIONABLE DRAUGHTS
OR CURRENTS OF AIR."
My Invention relates especially to the ventilation of railway and other enclosed
lamps, and has for object the prevention of the introduction into such lamps of
draughts or currents of air in such manner as to cause the mounting up or
increasing of the flame, so that it becomes dull and smokey, and heats the metallic
parts of the lamp, the oil cistern, and its contents to an inconvenient and injurious
extent, which effects take place in such lamps constructed as heretofore. The
Invention is however generally applicable to the ventilation of all kinds of closed
gas lamps, stoves, and burners, as well as to houses, chambers, kilns, and other
places where it is required to remove warm or vitiated air from a given space, and
to introduce cold or fresh air thereinto in place of the said warm or vitiated air.

page_text: It may also be applicable to fire stoves, grates, furnaces, and other such like
purposes.
My Invention as applied to railway and other similar lamps adapted to burn
mineral oils consists of the following arrangements :-An ordinary lamp furnished
with the usual air pipe or pipes, extending from the dome of the burner to the space
above the reflector, and with the usual pipe or pipes connecting the oil reservoir
or tank with the bird fountain reservoir belonging to the burner, is fitted with a
reflector above the burner somewhat in the usual way, such reflector having an
opening through its middle part over the said burner, but such opening is not
fitted with a chimney. The aforesaid air and oil pipes pass through the said
reflector much in the usual way. Above this reflector and at a distance therefrom,
varying according to the size of the lamp and other circumstances, is placed a false
cover of a shape somewhat similar to that of the reflector below, and having a
central opening therein concentric with but rather smaller than that in the
reflector, so that the edges of the opening in the upper or false cover project or
sail over those of the opening in the reflector. The central opening in the false
cover has a short neck or chimney attached to it, and externally to such neck or
chimney is placed a second and taller chimney, through the base of which are
formed perforations for conveying air into the space between the outer chimney
and the inner short neck; through this neck and chimney the products of com-
bustion pass off from the burner. The outer edge of the false cover is bent down
so as to form a rim, which fits and rests on the upper side of the reflector, or the
The
false cover may be supported above the reflector by other suitable means.
false cover is perforated near its outer edge with several holes for the admission of
cold air into the space between the said false cover and the reflector. The outer
casing carrying the glass shade, into which the lamp is fitted, is perforated at its
upper edge with holes, which by preference occur opposite to the oil chamber or
tank, and is provided with the usual hinged cover.
The action of the arrangement is as follows:-When the burner is lit the air to
support combustion enters the burner by the air pipes in the usual way, and the
heated products of combustion pass up through the openings in the reflector and
false cover into the neck and chimney, and in so doing they cause an induced
current of cold air to enter by the holes in the outer casing; this current is
deflected by the oil tank and passes down the inside of the outer casing to the
holes round the outer edge of the false cover, passing through them into the space
between the false cover and the reflector, and converging towards the central
openings in the same, passing thence into the chimney in a thin sheet spread round
the inside thereof, and enclosing within it the column of heated gases arising from
the burner in such a way as to isolate such hot gases from the chimney and to
prevent its undue heating; a similar effect is produced on the reflector and false
cover by the passage of the current of air between them. A current of cold air
also passes through the holes in the base of the chimney and into the space
between the said chimney and the inner neck, where it is deflected upwards and
mingles with the aforesaid thin sheet of cold air coming from between the reflector
and the false cover. By these means an injurious and disturbing draught of air is
altogether avoided, as the induced currents produced by my improvements are
forced to follow the course best adapted to produce the desired effects of main-
taining the lamp cool and the light steady and uniform, and a more perfect
combustion is thereby effected.
Although the above arrangements have been described in relation to a mineral
oil lamp, they are applicable by suitable modification to lamps consuming colza
and other oils or gas, and to lamp cases generally.
When employing my Invention as a means of ventilating houses and other
places I use similar arrangements of parts, but varied as to form and materials to
suit various requirements; for example, in ventilating a room or chamber I
introduce the cold air into the lower part of the room or chamber by pipes, tubes,
or other conduits or channels, the upper ends of which are carried up to a height at

page_text: least equal to that of the outlet openings, and I fix in the ceiling one or more
apparatuses formed of parts which are the equivalents respectively of the reflector,
false cover, neck, and chimney above described in reference to the lamp, and I
arrange these apparatuses so that their respective chimneys or outlet parts open
into a hollow space or pipe above the ceiling which is in communication with the
outer atmosphere. The result is that cold air enters the lower part of the room
or chamber through the aforesaid pipes or other conduits below the warm or
vitiated air which rises upwards towards the chimnies or outlets of the before-
mentioned apparatus or apparatuses in the ceiling, causing a current through such
outlets, which current induces another current of cold air to flow into the space
between the equivalent of the reflector and false cover, and thence up the chimney
or outlet in a thin sheet or stream as before. By these means all possibility of
down draught is obviated.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Frederick Henry Smith in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
22nd April 1882.
FREDERICK HENRY SMITH, of Winchmore Hill, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS AND APPLIANCES FOR VENTILATING EXPOSED LAMPS,
BURNERS, AND STOVES, ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE VENTILATION OF HOUSES,
CHAMBERS, KILNS, CLOSED VEHICLES, OR OTHER PLACES WHERE IT IS REQUIRED
TO REMOVE WARM OR VITIATED AIR, AND TO INTRODUCE COLD OR FRESH AIR
IN PLACE THEREOF WITHOUT PRODUCING INJURIOUS OR OBJECTIONABLE DRAUGHTS
OR CURRENTS OF AIR."
My Invention relates especially to the ventilation of railway and other enclosed
lamps, and has for object the prevention of the introduction into such lamps of
draughts or currents of air in such manner as to cause the mounting up or
increasing of the flame, so that it becomes dull and smoky, and heats the metallic
parts of the lamp, the oil cistern, and its contents, to an inconvenient and injurious
extent, which effects take place in such lamps constructed as heretofore. The
Invention is however generally applicable to the ventilation of all kinds of closed
gas lamps, stoves, and burners, as well as to houses, chambers, kilns, railway
carriages, and other closed vehicles or places where it is required to remove
warm or vitiated air from a given space, and to introduce cold or fresh air
thereinto in place of the said warm or vitiated air. It may also be applied to
fire stoves, grates, furnaces, and other such like purposes.
And in order that the said Invention may be most clearly understood, I will
now proceed to describe the same by the aid of the accompanying Sheet of
Drawings.
My Invention as applied to railway and other similar lamps adapted to burn
mineral oils consists of the arrangements illustrated in Figures 1, 2, and 3, in
which Figure 1 is a vertical section of such a railway lamp, and Figures 2 and 3
sectional plans of lines 1-2 and 3-4 respectively of Figure 1, Figure 2 with
the chimney M removed, and Figure 3 with chimney M and false cover J
removed.
An ordinary lamp A furnished with the usual air pipe or pipes B, B, extending
from the dome C of the burner D to the space above the reflector E, and with the
usual pipe or pipes F, F, connecting the oil reservoir or tank G with the bird
fountain reservoir H belonging to the burner, is fitted with a reflector E above the
burner somewhat in the usual way, such reflector having an opening I through its
middle part over the said burner, but such opening I is not fitted directly with a
chimney. The aforesaid air and oil pipes B, B, and F, F, pass through the said
reflector E much in the usual way. Above this reflector and at a distance there-
from, varying according to the size of the lamp and other circumstances, is placed
a false cover J of a shape somewhat similar to that of the reflector E below it,
and having a central opening K therein concentric with but rather smaller than that
in the reflector E, so that the edges of the opening K in the upper or false cover J
project or sail over those of the opening I in the reflector E. The central opening
K in the false cover J has a short neck or chimney L attached to it, and externally
to such neck or chimney is placed a second and taller chimney M, through the base
of which are sometimes formed perforations N, N, for conveying air into the space
between the outer chimney M and the inner short neck L. Through this neck L
and chimney M the products of combustion pass off from the burner. The outer
edge of the false cover J is bent so as to form a rim, which fits and rests on the
upper side of the reflector E, or the false cover J may be supported above the
reflector E by other suitable means. The false cover J is perforated near its outer

page_text: edge with several holes P, P, for the admission of cold air into the space between
the said false cover J and the reflector E. The outer casing 0 carrying the glass
shade Q, into which the lamp is fitted, is perforated at its upper edge with
holes R, R, which by preference occur opposite to the oil chamber or tank G.
The casing is also provided with the usual hinged cover S.
The action of the arrangement is as follows:-
When the burner D is lit, the air to support combustion enters it by the air
pipes B, B, in the usual way, and the heated products of combustion pass up
through the opening I in the reflector E, and the opening K in the false cover J
into the neck L and chimney M, and in so doing they cause an induced current of
cold air to enter by the holes R, R, in the outer casing O, this current is deflected
by the oil tank G and passes down the inside of the outer casing O, part going to
the burner D by the air pipes B, B, and part to the holes P, P, round the outer
edge of the false cover J, passing through them into the space between the false
cover J and the reflector E, and converging towards the central openings in the
same, passing thence into the neck L in a thin sheet spread round the inside
thereof and enclosing within it the column of heated gases arising from the
burner in such a way as to isolate such hot gases from the chimney, and to prevent
the undue heating of the latter; a similar effect is produced on the reflector E
and false cover J by the passage of the current of air between them. A current
of cold air also passes through the holes N, N, in the base of the chimney M
(when it is found necessary or desirable to employ such holes) into the space,
between the said chimney and the inner neck L, where it is deflected upwards,
and mingles with the aforesaid thin sheet of cold air coming from between the
reflector E and the false cover J. The directions of these various currents of air
are shown by the arrows in Figure 1.
By these means an injurious and disturbing draught of air is altogether avoided,
as the induced currents produced by the improvements above described are forced
to follow the course best adapted to produce the desired effects of maintaining the
lamp cool and the light steady and uniform, and a more perfect combustion is
thereby effected.
Although the above arrangements have been described in relation to a mineral
oil lamp, they are applicable by suitable modifications to lamps consuming colza
and other oils or gas, and to lamp cases or enclosed stoves generally. The appli-
cation to lamp cases is also shown in the upper part of Figure 1, where E', J¹, L',
and M represent respectively parts which act in a manner similar to the corre-
sponding parts E, J, L, and M in the lower part of the same Figure, currents of air
being induced by them from outside the casing, and conducted into the central
orifice, as shown by the arrows, so as to surround and isolate the heated products
of combustion from the metallic parts for the purpose of keeping the latter cool.
When employing my Invention as a means of ventilating houses and other places,
I use similar arrangements of parts, but varied as to form and materials to suit
various requirements; for example, in ventilating a room or chamber I employ an
arrangement such as that shown in Figure 4. I introduce the cold air into the
lower part of the room or chamber T by pipes, tubes, or other conduits or channels U,
the upper ends of which are carried up to a height equal (or nearly so) to that of
the outlet openings M, and I fix in the ceiling one or more apparatuses formed of
parts which are the equivalents respectively of the reflector, false cover, neck, and
chimney, above described in reference to the lamp, such parts being indicated in the
Figure by the same letters of reference as the corresponding parts in Figures 1, 2,
and 3; and I arrange these apparatuses so that their respective chimneys or outlet
parts open into a pipe above the ceiling which is in communication with the
ordinary chimney M or with a special outlet pipe, as may be preferred or most
convenient. The result is that cold air enters the lower part of the room or
chamber T through the aforesaid pipes or other conduits U below the warm or
vitiated air, which rises upwards towards the chimneys or outlets of the before-
mentioned apparatus or apparatuses in the ceiling, causing a current through such

page_text: outlets, which current induces another current of cold air to flow into the space
between E, the equivalent of the reflector, and J, the equivalent of the false cover,
and thence up the chimney or outlet in a thin sheet or stream, as before. By these
means all possibility of down draught is obviated.
Similar arrangements are also applicable to the ventilation of kilns, closed
vehicles, or other places where it is required to remove warm or vitiated air, and
to introduce cold or fresh air in place thereof.
This Figure also illustrates the application of the Invention to a fire place. In
this case E and J are, as before, parts which are equivalent to the reflector E and
false cover J of the lamp arrangement, shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3. These parts
are fixed in the upper part of the fireplace A, as shown, and the heated products of
combustion pass up the neck L and chimney M in the same manner as described in
reference to the lamp, cold air being supplied to the space between E and J and
into the space between the chimney M and the neck L through the inlet pipe U.
The air to ventilate the room and support combustion in the fireplace may by
preference be admitted by means of branch pipes U¹, connected to the inlet
pipes U, or by the ordinary means, such as the windows or doors. Instead of or as
well as being applied to the fireplace, the parts E, J, L, and M may be applied to
the chimney pot or cowl for the purpose of preventing down draughts in the
chimney, the means for admitting air between the parts and J, L and M, being
arranged according to the construction of the chimney top, pot, or cowl.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to or may be carried into effect, I would have it understood that what
I claim is,
First. In connection with enclosed lamps or burners the employment of the
parts E, J, L, and M, constructed, arranged, combined, and applied so that the
heated products of combustion emanating from the said lamp shall induce currents
of air to be drawn in through holes or openings R in the outer casing, and be caused
to traverse the spaces between the parts E and J, L and M, substantially as herein-
before described and illustrated in Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the Drawings, and for the
purposes specified.
Second. In connection with the ventilation of houses, chambers, kilns, closed
vehicles, fireplaces, stoves, and other places where it is required to remove warm or
vitiated air, and to introduce cold or fresh air in place thereof without producing
injurious or objectionable draughts or currents of air, the employment of the parts
E, J, L, and M in combination with the inlet pipes U, the whole constructed,
arranged, applied, and operating substantially as hereinbefore described and illus-
trated in Figure 4 of the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Henry Smith, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty first day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.