IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OR MANUFACTURE OF TEW IRONS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Wright, of Dudley, in the County of
Worcester, Vice and Anvil Manufacturer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OR MANUFACTURE OF TEW
IRONS."
Sealed the 1st September 1858, and dated the 9th May 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Wright at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 9th May 1853.
I, PETER WRIGHT, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OR MANUFACTURE OF TEW
IRONS" to be as follows:-
The wind or blast from the bellows of a smith's forge is supplied
to the fire through a metallic nose or nozzle, somewhat resembling the
nozzle of an ordinary bellows, and is known among smiths as the "tew
iron." This "tew iron" has sometimes been made solid, with a hole
through the centre, to allow the blast to pass through to the fire; but
as solid nozzles have been found to burn away and soon become useless,
owing to the great heat of the fire, it has been proposed to make them

page_text: hollow, and cause a stream of water to pass through, so as to carry off
a portion of the heat, and prevent them from being destroyed so
quickly as heretofore. These water tew irons, as they are usually
denominated, are made of two concentric cylindrical iron pipes, which
are connected together at the nose end by a separate piece in the form
of a ring, which fills up the space at the end between the two pipes;
these several parts being welded together at the end, so as to leave the
remaining portion of the space open for the passage of water, which is
supplied thereto from a cistern by amcans of a pipe or tube connected
to the tew iron in any convenient manner; the hot water is conveyed
away therefrom by means of a similar tube, similarly adapted to the
tew iron, so that there is always a continuous flow of water through the
tew iron. In practice, this construction of water tew iron, although
possessing some advantages, has been found open to serious objection,
owing to the great liability that exists of the welling giving way, and
allowing the water and steam to escape into the fire.
The object of the present Invention is to construct water tow irons
in such a manner that these inconveniences may be obviated; and in
carrying out my improvements I prefer to make the tew iron of a
conical form, and for this purpose I employ two cast-iron conical tubes,
which are each provided with flanges at their wide end, so that they
may be connected together by bolts or rivets, when one is placed inside
the other. The outer and larger tube is provided at the small end with
a flange or shoulder at the inner side, and at the same end of the inner
and smaller tube there is a short cylindrical piece of tube which fits
-the aperture of the shoulder or flange of the outer tube, and is secured
thereto in any convenient manner. These conical tubes are from a
quarter to half an inch in thickness, and there is an annular space left]
between them of from half to three quarters of an inch in diameter.
This is supplied with water in the manner usually adopted with water
tew irons, and when all the parts are properly secured in their place
there will be no danger of the end of the nose or nozzle being forced
out by the water, as has hitherto been the case. The tew iron thus
made is to be adapted to à metal back, cither by screws, bolts, or
1.otherwise. This inetal back acts as a protection and support to the

page_text: brickwork of the forge, and the whole of the parts connected with the
tew iron may be so arranged are combined together that they will be
distinct and separate from the fire-hearth, but may be adapted thereto
with great facility when required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Peter Wright in the Great Seal Patent Office,
on the 9th November 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
PETER WRIGHT, of Dudley, in the County of Worcester, Vice and
Anvil Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the sixteenth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Peter Wright, Her special license that I,
the said Peter Wright, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Peter Wright, my executors, administra
tors, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein ex-
pressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Chan-
nel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OR MANUFACTURE OF TEW IRONS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Peter Wright, by an instrument iu
writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascer
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Peter Wright, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be

page_text: performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):
The wind or blast from the bellows of a smith's forge is supplied to the
fire through a metallic nose or unzzle, somewhat resembling the nozzle
of an ordinary bellows, and is known among smith's as the "tow iron"
or "tue iron." This "tow iron" has sometimes been made solid, with a hole
through the centre to allow the blast to pass through to the fire; but as
solid nozzles have been found to burn away and soon become useless,
owing to the great heat of the fire, it has been proposed to make them
hollow, and cause a stream of water to pass through, so as to carry off
a portion of the heat, and prevent them from being lestroyed so quickly
as heretoforo. These "water tew irons," or "tue irons" as they are usually
denominated, are ordinarily made of two concentric, cylindrical, or
slightly conical iron pipes, which are connected together at the nose
end by a separate piece in the form of a ring, which fills up the space
at the end between the two pipes; these several parts being welded
together at the end, so as to leave the remaining portion of the space
open for the passage of water, which is applied thereto from a cistern
by means of a pipe or tube connected to the "tew iron" in any con-
venient manner. The hot water is conveyed away therefrom by means
of a similar tube, similarly adapted to the "tew iron," so that there is
always a continuous flow of water through the "tew iron." In practice,
the construction of "water tew iron," although possessing some advan
tages, has been found open to serious objection, owing to the great liability
that exists of the welding giving way, and allowing the water and stean
to escape into the fire. The object of the present Invention is to con-
struct "water tow irons" in such a manner that these inconveniences may
be obviated; and in carrying out my improvements I prefer to make
the tew iron of cast-iron, and of a conical form, and for this purpose I
employ two cast-iron conical tubes, which are each provided with
flanges at their wide end, so that they may be connected together by
bolts or rivets, when one is placed inside the other. The outer and
large tube is also provided at the small end with a flange or shoulder

page_text: at the inner side, and at the same end of the inner and smaller tube is
turned or screwed a short cylindrical part, so as to fit the aperture of
the inner shoulder of the outer tube, thereby connecting the two tubes
or pipes of the tew iron at the nozzle end, where the two parts may be
secured together, either by screwing or driving the inner 'one into the
outer one, or in any other convenient manner.
In order, however, that my Invention may be clearly understood I
have shown in the accompanying Drawings various plans for carrying
the improvements into effect. Fig. 1, is a back view of a water "tew
iron," constructed upon my inproyed plan. Fig. 2, is a side elevation
of the same. Fig. 3, is a longitudinal section of the "tew iron"
detached from the cistern, and drawn upon an enlarged scale. Fig. 4,
is a sectional view of the outer tube detached; and Fig. 5, is a similar
view of the inner tube. These conical tubes d, and e, are from a
quarter to half an inch in thickness; and it will be seen, on referring
to Fig. 3, that there is an annular space left between them of from
half to three quarters of an inch, or even more, according to the
size of the "tew irou." This space is supplied with water from
the cistern a, (Figures 1, and 2,) by means of the pipe b. in the
manner usually adopted with water "tew irons." When the water
has become heated the hot water and steam will pass off by the
pipe c, and fall into the cistern a, in order to be used over again,
thereby keeping up a continued circulation of the water through the
tew iron. It will be seen, upon referring to Fig. 4, that the outer tube
d, is provided internally, at its smaller end, with a shoulder about an incli
long. This shoulder is accurately bored internally to receive the smaller
end of the inner tube e, which is also accurately turned for some dis-
tance up in order to fit the shoulder of the outer tube. The smaller
end of the inner tube, when inserted in the shoulder of the outer one,
is forced in by means of great pressure, in order to make the two parts
fit accurately and water-tight, as shewn in Fig. 3; but, if preferred,
the smaller end of the inner tube may be screwed, as shewn in Fig. 6.
The shoulder of the outer tube must then be tapped with a female screw,
and the two parts connected together by screwing the inner into the

page_text: outer tube, as will be well understood. Fig. 7, is a modification of the
above, in which the two tubes are connected together by a short nozzl
tube b, which is screwed externally, and made to fit female screws
tapped at the smaller end of the two large tubes.
The "tew iron" may, if preferred, be cast in one piece, (see Figures 8
and 9,) by employing two cores, one to form the central passage for the
blast, and the other to form the water space; the nozzle will, by this
means, be made solid and water-tight. The hinder ends of the pipes
are secured by their flanges to a circular plate f, which will close the
water space as in the former instances.
It will now be understood that when all the parts are properly
secured in their places by either of the above plans there will be no
danger of the end of the nose or nozzle being forced out by the water or
steam, as has hitherto been the case. The "tew iron" thus made is to be
adapted to a metal back y, as shewn in Figures 1, and 2, either by screws,
bolts, or otherwise. The metal back y, acts as a protection or support
to the brickwork of the forge, and the whole of the parts connected with
the tew iron may be so arranged and combined together that they will
be distinct and separate from the fire-hearth, but may be adapted
thereto with great facility when required.
.Having now described my Invention, and the best means with which
I am at present acquainted for carrying the same into effect, I would
observe, in conclusion, that although in the foregoing description
I have only mentioned conical tubes for constructing my improved
"tow irons," yet it will be evident that the improvement is equally appli-
cable to cylindrical or even square tubes, which may perhaps be some-
times advantageously employed. I do not therefore mean or intend to
confine myself rigidly to the precise arrangement or construction of
parts herein shown and described, as they may, perhaps, be varied, with-
out departing from the nature and object of my Invention; but that
which I consider to be new, and therefore wish to claim as the Inven-
tion secured to me by Letters Patent as aforesaid, is, constructing "water
tew irons" of cast-iron tubes of any convenient and suitable forms, and
connecting such tubes, and adapting them to the hearth, as herein

page_text: shewn and described, or in any manner substantially the same, and
whereby a safe and water-tight joint may be produced.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Wright, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Twenty-fourth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
Witness to the signing hereof
by the said PETER WRIGHT,
JOHN BOLTON,
Solicitor, Dudley.
PETER WRIGHT. (L.S.)