IMPROVEMENTS IN PIECING WOOL CARDINGS, AND IN A MACHINE CALLED A PIECING MACHINE
Year: 1850

page_text: In the Matter of Her Majesty's Letters Patent granted to JOSHUA
VICKERMAN BINNS, of Lockwood, near Huddersfield, in the County
of York, Mechanic, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIECING
WOOL CARDINGS, AND IN A MACHINE CALLED A PIECING MACHINE,"
bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-fourth day of June, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty, in the fourteenth year of Her said
Majesty's reign, a Specification of which Invention was duly enrolled
in pursuance of the said Letters Patent, and which said Letters
Patent have been duly assigned to, and are now vested in Samuel
Oldfield, of Portland Place, Clapton, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman.
ISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION proposed to be
entered by the said Samuel Oldfield, as such assignee as aforesaid, with
the Clerk of the Patents of England, pursuant to the Statutes in that
case made and provided.
WHEREAS since the enrolment of the said Specification, I have been
sed that it is doubtful whether that part of the Invention which consists
he use or application of a blast of air as described in the said Specification
d' legally be made the subject of the grant of privilege contained in the
Letters Patent, I therefore wish to disclaim, and I do hereby disclaim,
part of the said Specification which is in the words following; viz., "I
ometimes use a blast of air across the lower of the two rubbing aprons at

page_text: "
66
the point where the piecings pass to the bobbin d, so that should the ends
of any pieces come up without being pieced, then the blast of air will
"cause the ends to be bent out of their course, and the slubber will thus be
"able to find and piece the ends more readily:" And also that part of the
said Specification as is in the words following, viz., "And I also claim the
66
use of a blast of air as described:" And whereas it has been found that
angular two-sided trougbs, carried by endless chains, something like to, but
differing in form and action from, those described in the said Specification
had previously been used, therefore, and in order to prevent doubts respecting
the validity of the said Letters Patent, I wish to disclaim, and I do hereby
disclaim, that part of the said Specification which is in the following
words, viz., "And I also claim the use of like angular two-sided troughs turning
66 on axes as herein described."
And doubts having been expressed as to the novelty of the signal appa-
ratus described in the said Specification, I therefore wish to disclaim, and I
do hereby disclaim, that part of the said Specification which is in the words
following, viz., "I claim the arranging of the signal apparatus so as to give
66 two notices as explained."
And also the words "And, Fifthly."
And in order that the effect of this Disclaimer may be better understood,
and in order to correct an error in part of the said Specification and the enrol-
ment thereof, in which the letter h is used or mentioned as a letter of reference
instead of the letter j, and also in order to cause the said Specification to claim
only so much of the said Invention as is intended to be henceforth comprised
in the privilege granted by the said Letters Patent, I do hereby alter the said
Specification in the manner hereafter appearing, by means of the striking
through certain words & inserting certain other words in red ink so that the
same shall, with the aid of the said Drawings, henceforth describe the Inven-
tion intended to be claimed as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention consists of improvements in piecing wool cardings, and in a
machine called a piecing machine; and in order that these improvements may
be most fully understood and readily carried into effect; I will proceed to
describe the means pursued by me.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
The Drawings show different views of so much of carding and piecing
machinery as will enable me to describe the nature of my Invention, and as
carding and nicaing machine.

page_text: acquainted with such machinery will readily understand the Invention by
having his attention called to the present improvements, together with so
much of the working of the old machinery as will make the improvements
clear. The nature of each of the views shown by the Drawings being written
thereon, it will not be necessary to repeat the same here.
The first object of my Invention consists of means of piecing up with shorter
lappings of the ends of the cardings, so as to get more even yarn. For this
purpose I apply the supporting roller a between the endless rubbing aprons
and the endless carrier which brings up the pieces of wool cardings. Motion
being given to the roller a by a tooth wheel a¹ on the axis of the lath roller o³,
taking into an intermediate tooth wheel as, turning on a pin carried by the
framing, the wheel a³ taking into the pinion a' on the axis of the roller a.
I am thus enabled to ensure good piecing by reason of the roller a shortening
the distance over which the pieces of wool cardings have to pass unsupported.
And I also apply a pressing roller b to aid the winding of the pieced up
cardings on to the bobbin d. The roller 6 is carried by bent arms c, which
rest on and between collars on the bosses of the surface roller, so that the
arms act as levers to press up the roller 6 against the surface of the bobbin,
the arms being weighted at d2, as is shewn. The barrel of the bobbin is
covered with woollen or other piled cloth, in order to facilitate the taking of
the first lapping of cardings, and the roller b aids the pieced up cardings_to
follow the surface of the bobbin, even though the cardings should not be well
pieced up. I sometimes use a blast of air across the lower of the two rubbing
aprons, at the point where the piecings-pace to the bobbin d, so that should the ende
of any pieces-come-up without being pieced, then the blast of air will cause the
ends to be bent out of their course, and the clubber will thus be able to find and
piece the ends more readily.
I will now proceed to describe my improvements in machinery for piecing
wool cardings,f is the roller of the carding engine from which the wool is doffed
by the doffer plate g; in the ordinary manner, and in order to ensure the
cardings passing correctly into the dish h, there is a flap i applied, which is
caused to move to and from the roller or cylinder f, and to and from the
roller, under which and between it and the dish h the cardings are rolled,
as is well understood. The flap i receives its motion by means of the project-
ing inclines, which are fixed on the end of the doffer roller or cylinder f,
which acting on the arm carrying the roller, causes the flap i to be moved
away from the roller or cylinder f, towards the roller j, as indicated by
dotted lines, at the time that the card has passed and before coming to the

page_text: next card by which the carding which has been just completely doffed
will be carried over towards the roller h, j, and thus ensure its being moved
correctly into the dish; and the flap i, will be brought back by the spring,
immediately an incline has passed and will again assume a position favorable
for receiving the carding as it is doffed off the next card. The cardings
received into the dish are then carried forward as heretofore and as is
well understood, and they are in succession delivered into an angular trough k
which I call the "tipler" which is caused so to work that it receives into one
of its troughs a carding, and delivers it into an angular trough carried by the
endless chains hereafter mentioned, such endless chains being caused to rest
periodically to ensure the correct delivery of the cardings out of the "tipler"
troughs, into the augular troughs of the endless chains, which is an important
part of the arrangements. In constructing this "tipler," I prefer it to consist
of three V-formed angular troughs. I do not, however, confine myself to that
number of troughs, so long as the trough or troughs used is or are of a V form,
that is a trough consisting of two sides inclined to each other; and if only one
V trough be used then in place of turning over, I prefer it to be so arranged
and worked as to open and drop the carding through and again close to receive
the next carding; 1 is one of the axes of the endless chains which carry the
angular troughs; this axis receives motion from the doffer cylinder or roller f,
of the carding engine in the following manner-1 is a cog wheel on the axis
of the cylinder f, which takes into and drives the cog wheel 2, which turns on
an axis carried by a bracket fixed to the framing of the machine. The wheel 2
takes into and drives a cog wheel 3, which is fixed to a cog wheel 4, and the
wheels 3, 4, turn on an axis carried by a bracket fixed to the frame of the
machine as shewn, and the wheel 4 takes into and drives the; cog wheel 5,
which turns freely on the axis of the chain wheels. The wheel 5 gives
motion to the cog wheel 6, on the boss of which is fixed the cog wheel 7, the
axis of the wheels 6, 7, being carried by a bracket fixed to the framing of the
machine as shown. The cog wheel 7 takes into and drives the cog wheel 8,
which turns on an axis carried by a bracket fixed to the framing of the
machine. The cog wheel 8 carries a roller 8* on an axis fixed to such cog
wheel, and it is by means of this roller that motion is communicated to the
endless chains (carrying the angular troughs) at intervals so that the endless
chains will alternately be at rest for a time whilst the "tipler" is moving,
and then be in motion for a time when the "tipler" is at rest to receive a
carding, and this is accomplished in the following manner :-On the axle / is
fixed the wheel 9, which has recesses into which the roller 8* as it is carried

page_text: round by the wheel 8 enters, and by this means is the wheel 9 driven round
and with it the axle l, and the motion of the axle will be continued so long as
the roller on the wheel 8 is acting within a space in the wheel 9, and then the
axle will remain stationary till the roller on the wheel 8 enters another space
in the wheel 9, the wheel 9 being kept stationary by the roller on the lever 9*
falling into one of the recesses on the periphery of the wheel 9. On the axis l
is a wheel.10 which moves freely on the axis and within the wheel 9.. The
wheel 10 has a series of recesses as shewn, so that the roller on the wheel 8
passes down into the recesses in the wheel 9, it enters into the recesses of the
wheel 10, and moves that wheel, which will thus be caused to move in the
opposite direction to that of the axle l. On the boss of the wheel 10 is fixed
the cog wheel 11, which takes into and drives the cog wheel 12, which
is on the axis of the "tipler," hence the "tipler" will be turned partly round.
each time that the wheel 10 is put in motion, the endless chains, on the axle
having stopped previously to that motion, so that there would be an angular
trough of the endless chain at rest under the "tipler "to receive the carding.
therefrom; and in order to ensure correctness of operation in the "tipler,"
there is a wheel 13 fixed on the axis, which has three, recesses, thereon, into:
which the roller m on the lever arm m² enters when the "tipler " is to be
brought to rest, such lever arm being acted on constantly by a spring m
as is shewn. n, n, are series of angular troughs; they are so arranged.
as to work in sets, as shewn in the .Drawing. The sets consist of ten,
but machines may be arranged for working with larger or less numbers
of such troughs in sets. By this arrangement there are constantly ten.
pieced up cardings going to the bobbin d; and, in order that these sets.
may have their troughs simultaneously turned over. to. deliver the cardings:
therein, each trough is provided with a finger or projection n', which coming
against a fixed projection n³, the whole ten turn over at the same time, the.
projections n being of different lengths, so that a projection n². will only. be in,
the way of the projection n¹ of its own trough n in each set.. On the axes l.
and are four chain wheels 1, 2, which carry two endless chains, and these
carry the troughs n as shewn, and as is well understood. The cardings
delivered from the troughs n fall on the endless carrier o; this carrier is com-.
posed of four endless straps with transverse laths o,.o, fixed. thereto, and, this
endless carrier is supported on the, fixed table. or platform o*, over, which it:
moves; and the endless carrier is carried by the cylinders. or rollers.on the
axes o, os, one of which receives motion from the wheel 5, which takes into
and drives the cog wheel 14 which is on the axis p, and this axis has a bevilled

page_text: toothed wheel 15, which takes into and drives the bevilled toothed wheel 16 on
the axis 9, which at its other end has a cog wheel 17 fixed thereon, which takes
into and drives the cog wheel 18 fixed on the axis o². And in order that the
workman may have time to remove the bobbin d when full and replace it by
an empty one, the last portions of the pieced cardings are caused to be wound
on to the nearly full bobbin more quickly; for this purpose the axis is carried
at one end by a rocking bar p', which has its axis at p², so that the wheel 14
can be moved out of gear with the wheel 5 and into gear with a faster speeded
wheel, the other end of the axis p being carried by a fixed standard p³, the
bearing of the axis at this end allowing of a slight freedom in order that
the axle may be moved a short distance at its other end. The bar p¹ is moved
by means of the lever p², which is attached to the bar p' by a link, as shewn;
by lifting the lever p', the bar pl will be moved, and the wheel 14 will be put in
gear with the cog wheel 18, which is driven by the cog wheel 19 fixed on the
boss of the wheel 20, which wheel 20 is constantly in gear with the cog wheel
5, and thus will the speed of the endless carrier o be quickened and the card-
ings thereon will be wound up before the next quantity is delivered thereon,
and thus will time be allowed for the workman to remove and replace the
bobbins, after which the machine will again be caused to work at its usual
speed, and so that the succeeding quantities of cardings may lap at their ends
slightly one over the other, and be connected by means of the rubbing endless
surfaces r, r, as heretofore. Motion is given to the bobbin d in the following
manner-On the axis o² is a cog wheel 21, which takes into and drives
the cog wheel 22, which takes into and drives the intermediate wheel 23,
24, and the latter gives motion to the cog wheel 25 on the axis of the
surface roller s, which acting on the surface of the bobbin d gives. motion
thereto, and thus the same winds on the pieced cardings, the bobbin being
carried by arms t, which are carried by and. slide on the
the arms tare connected or tied together by the bar t,
t also rest on and between collars on the bosses of the
which slide on the axle of the surface roller; and a to-and-fro motion is com-
municated to the arms t, and consequently. to the bobbin d by a cam v, so that
the cardings are wound regularly on to the bobbin; and motion is obtained to
the cam v, by means of the axis 1 by a cog wheel 26 fixed thereon, which
taking into gives motion to the cog wheel 27 on the screw axis u, which carries
the cam v, which acts on two rollers v³, carried by an arm v, fixed to one of
the arms t, as is shewn in the Drawing. The cog wheel 22 also gives motion
to a cog wheel 28, on the axis of the lower of the endless rubbers r, r, and the
tie bar t¹, and
and the arms
surface rollers

page_text: axis of the upper one is driven by a cog wheel 29, taking into the cog wheel 28.
And a to-and-fro movement is communicated to the endless rubbing surfaces
by the following means:-On the axis a is a drum *, which receives motion
from the carding engine by a strap, and on the axis. is, a wheel x*; xx,
carrying a crank pin to give motion to the connecting rod at, which is at its
other end connected to a lever a³, which gives motion to the rubbing surfaces
by means of arms a³ on the frame which carries the axes of the rubbing rollers;
which arms. are attached to the lever ac², by connecting links a, a, as shewn.
When the cardings are delivered on to the endless band of laths, their ends
are put together to cause them to be properly pieced by the vibrating levers o³,
between which they are caused to fall.. The levers o³ are carried at one end
by the pins of resting on the bar o', and are connected at their other ends by
the plates o, screwed to them, which have pins o' to connect, them with the
bar o, to which a vibrating motion is given in the following manner :-A
pulley o°, on the axis x, gives motion by a band to the pulley wheel o carried
by a pin on the side framing of the machine. A crank pin on the wheel o¹;
gives motion to the connecting rod o" attached to an arm;o" on the bar o";
o¹³ is a fixed bar upon which the plates of and bar 08 which connects. them
slides; o is a lever catch to stop the motion of the levers at, the time the
cardings are being delivered, there being pins 015 on one of the endless
chains, which come under the lever arm o¹ on the axis of the catch to raise
it out of the way of the projection 017 on the bar 08, and the band slips over.
the pulleys when the catch is, down. In order that the persons attending
the machine may have knowledge of the time for removing the bobbin.a
bell or other signal apparatus is employed, which is so arranged that it
will give notice when the bobbin is nearly full, and a second notice, when
it is necessary to change the bobbin, and this is done by means of the
screwy taking into the screw wheel y', the axis of which is carried by
the lever arm 2, which is carried by the pin on the framing of the.
machine, and the lever z is always pulled upwards. by. the spring
attached to it and connected to a projection on the side framing.; 23
is a lever catch carried by a pin on the lever z, and is the r.means
of retaining the screw wheel y' in gear with the screw y. until a pin.
or projection on the wheel y¹ comes in contact with, the end of the lever.
catch 23, and releases it from its bearing against the projecting bracket **
on the framing; 2 is an arm affixed to the lever z, there being a pin on.
its lower end which carries the lever to the lever arm 2, of which is
attached the spring and bell 28. The lever arm 27 has a finger catch moving

page_text: in one direction only on an axis at the end of the lever arm 27, the other arm
of the lever being always pulled upwards by the spiral or other spring z
attached to the lever z. The apparatus acts in the following manner: The
lever is pressed downwards until the lever catch 3 comes under the pro-
jection on the framing, and thereby retains the screw wheel in gear with
the screw y; a pin.y' fixed in one of the holes in the side of the screw wheel y¹
in such a position that; when it comes in contact with the lever 2, the bobbin
will be nearly full, and so that when that lever escapes the spring 20 in pulling
it to its former position, causes the bell to be rung; in order that the attendant
may be in readiness to change the bobbin when the next signal is given, and
when the pin in its further revolution comes in contact with the lever catch
and releases it from its bearing, the spring in raising the lever z and appa-
ratus attached, causes the bell to be rung a second time; y³ is a weight on the
boss of the screw wheel to turn the pin back to its original position. I do not
however, claim this signal apparatus or the mode of arranging it as any part of
the Invention comprised in the said Letters Patent.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself
to the precise details as herein given, as the same may be varied so long as the
peculiar character of any part of my Invention be retained; but that save and
except, as herein-after expressly mentioned, I do not claim any of the mechanical
parts or elements of the machinery or apparatus herein-before described or shewn
in the said Drawings, as being separately or apart from the combination or
application thereof, in the manner and for the purposes herein stated; any part of
the Invention comprised in the said Letters Patent. And I declare what I
claim is,--
I
First, the improving of the process of piecing up wool cardings by applying
the roller a, as described. I also claim the application of the roller b and
clothing the bobbin, as described, to ensure the winding on of the cardings.
And I-also claim the use of a blast of air as described.
Secondly, I claim the application of a flap to the dish, as herein explained.
Thirdly, I claim the causing the endless chain of troughs to be so worked
that it may move and rest alternately by the means and in manner herein-before
described. I also claim the receiving the cardings from the dish by angular
or V-formed troughs or tiplers, each having only two sides inclined to each
other when the same are used for delivering to a series of other troughs, as
explained. And I also claim the use of like angular two-sided troughs turning-on
axes, as herein-described.

page_text: notices, as explained.
And, fifthly, I claim the mode of increasing the speed of the parts by the
working of the machine to allow time for the change of the bobbins, as
explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Oldfield, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this First day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
said Samuel Oldfield, in the
presence of
RICHARD CUMMING, Solicitor,
13, King Street, Cheapside,
London.
To the Clerk of the Patents of England.
This is to certify that Samuel Oldfield, of Portland Place, Clapton, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, has applied to me for leave to enter with
you the above-written Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration of part of
the Specification of a certain Invention for which Letters Patent were duly
granted to Joshua Vickerman Binns, of Lockwood, near Huddersfield, in. the
County of York, Mechanic, dated the Twenty-fourth day of June, One thou-
sand eight hundred and fifty, and the Specification of which was duly enrolled
on the Twenty-fourth day of December, One thousand eight hundred and fifty,
and on considering the said application I directed him to advertise his said
Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration in the "London Gazette,'
"Morning Post," "Times," and "Huddersfield Examiner" newspapers, and
such advertisements having been duly made in the "London Gazette" and
"Morning Post" on the Twenty-second day of January, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-one, and in the "Times" and "Huddersfield Examiner" on
the Twenty-sixth day of January, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one,
and no sufficient objection having been made to the said application, I have
accordingly granted leave to the said Samuel Oldfield to file with you the
above-mentioned Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration.
Temple 7th March 1861
WM ATHERTON. S. G.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Sixth day of March, in
the year of our Lord 1861, the aforesaid Samuel Oldfield came before
our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Disclaimer
and Memorandum of Alteration aforesaid, and all and every thing therein
contained and specified, in form above written. And also the Disclaimer and
Memorandum of Alteration aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of
the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Twelfth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSHUA
VICKERMAN BINNS, of Lockwood, near Huddersfield, in the County of York,
Mechanic, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-fourth day of
June, One thousand eight hundred and fifty, in the fourteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Joshua Vickerman Binns, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial
license, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Joshua
Vickerman Binns, my exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Joshua Vickerman Binns, my exors, adñiors, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term
of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIECING WOOL CARDINGS, AND IN A MACHINE
CALLED A PIECING MACHINE;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a
proviso that I, the said Joshua Vickerman Binns, shall cause a particular
description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to
be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited
Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will
more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Joshua Vickerman Binns, do' hereby declare that the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference
being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters
marked thereon; that is to say:
My Invention consists of Improvements in Piecing Wool Cardings, and
in a Machine called a Piecing Machine; and in order that these improve-
ments may be most fully understood, and readily carried into effect, I will
proceed to describe the means pursued by me.
DESCRIPTION_OF_THE_DRAWINGS.
The Drawings show different views of so much of carding and piecing
machinery as will enable me to describe' the nature of my Invention, and as
carding and piecing machinery of this description are well understood, it will
not be necessary to enter into a full description of all the parts, as a workman
acquainted with such machinery will readily understand the Invention by
having his attention called to the present improvements; together with so
much of the working of the old machinery as will make the improvements
clear. The nature of each of the views shown by the 'Drawings being written
thereon, it will not be necessary to repeat the same here.
The first object of my Invention consists of means of piecing up with
shorter lappings of the ends of the cardings, so as to get more even yarn.
For this purpose I apply the supporting roller a between the endless rubbing
aprons and the endless carrier, which brings up the pieces of wool cardings.
Motion being given to the roller a by a tooth wheel a', on the axis of the
lath roller o, taking into an intermediate tooth wheel a turning on pin
carried by the 'framing, the wheel a taking into the pinion at on the axis of
the roller a, I am thus enabled to ensure good piecing by reason of the
roller a shortening the distance over which the 'pieces of wool cardings have
to pass unsupported: And I also apply a pressing roller b, to aid the winding
of the pieced-up "cardings on to the bobbin'd. The roller bis carried by bent
arms c, which rest on and between collars on the bosses' of the surface roller,
so that the arms act as levers to press up the roller 6 against the surface of
the bobbin, the arms being weighted at d, as is shown. The barrel of the
bobbin is covered with woollen or other piled cloth, in order to facilitate the
taking of the first, lapping of cardings, and the roller b aids the pieced-up
cardings to follow the surface of the bobbin, even though the cardings should
not be well pieced up. I sometimes use a blast of air across the lower of the

page_text: two rubbing aprons, at the point where the piecings pass to the bobbin d,
so that should the ends of any pieces come up without being pieced, then the
blast of air will cause the ends to be bent out of their course, and the slubber
will thus be able to find and piece the ends more readily.
I will now proceed to describe my improvements in machinery for piecing
wool cardings. fis. the roller of the carding engine from which the wool is
doffed by the doffer pláte g in the ordinary manner, and' in order to ensure
the cardings passing correctly into the dish h, there is a flapi applied, which
is caused to move to and from the roller or cylinder f, and 'to and from the
roller j, under which and between it and the dish h the cardings are rolled, as
is well understood. The flap i receives its motion by means of the projecting
inclines, which are fixed on the end of the doffer roller or cylinder f, which,
acting on the arın carrying the roller, causes the flap i to be moved away
from the roller or cylinder ftowards the rollér j, as indicated by dotted lines,
at the time that the card has passed and before coming to the next card, by
which the carding which has been just completely doffed will be carried over
towards the roller h, and thus ensure its being moved correctly into the dish,
and the flap i will be brought back by the spring immediately an incline
has passed, and will again assume a position: favorable for receiving the
carding as it is doffed off the next card. The cardings received into the 'dish
are then carried forward as heretofore, and as is well understood, and they are
in succession delivered into an angular trough k, which I call the "tipler,'
which is caused so to work that it receives into one of its troughs a carding,
and delivers it into an angular trough carried by the endless chains hereafter
mentioned, 'such endless chains being caused to rest periodically to ensure the
correct delivery of the cardings out of the "tipler" troughs into the angular
troughs of the endless chains, which is an important part of the arrangements.
In constructing this "tipler " I prefer it to consist of three V-formed angular
troughs.. I do not, however, confine myself to that number of troughs, so long
as the trough or troughs used is or are of a V form, that is, a trough consist-
ing of two sides inclined to each other; and if only one V-trough be used, then
in place of turning over I prefer it to be so arranged and worked as to open and
drop the carding through, and again close to receive the next carding. is
one of the axes of the endless chains which carry the angular troughs; this axis
receives motion from the 'doffer cylinder or roller fof the carding engine in
the following manner-1 is a cog wheel on the axis of the cylinder f, which
takes into and drives the cog wheel 2, which turns on an axis carried by a
bracket fixed to the framing of, the machine. The wheel 2 takes into and
drives a cog wheel 3, which is fixed to a cog wheel 4, and the wheels 3; 4, turn

page_text: on an axis carried by a bracket fixed to the frame of the machine, as shewn;
and the wheel 4 takes into and drives the cog wheel 5, which turns freely on
the axis of the chain wheels. The wheel 5 gives motion to the cog wheel 6,
on the boss of which is fixed the cog wheel 7, the axis of the wheels 6, 7,
being carried by a bracket fixed to the framing of the machine,' as shewn.
The cog wheel 7 takes into and drives the cog wheel 8, which turns on an
axis carried by a bracket fixed to the framing of the machine. The cog
wheel 8 carries, a roller 8 on an axis fixed to such cog wheel, and it is by
means of this roller that motion is communicated to the endless chain's (carry-
ing the angular troughs) at intervals, so that the endless chains will alter-
nately be at rest for a time whilst the "tipler" is moving, and then be in motion
for a time when the "tipler" is at rest to receive a carding, and this is accom-
plished in the following manner :-On the axle is fixed the wheel 9, which
has recesses into which the roller 8*, as it is carried round by the wheel 8,
enters, and by this means is the wheel 9 driven round and with it the axle l,
and the motion of the axle 7 will be continued so long as the roller on the
wheel 8 is acting within a space in the wheel 9, and then the axle / will
remain stationary till the roller on the wheel 8 enters another space in the
wheel 9, the wheel 9 being kept stationary by the roller on the lever 9*
falling into one of the recesses on the periphery of the wheel 9. On the axis
is a wheel 10, which moves freely on the axis and within the wheel 9.
The wheel 10 has a series of recesses, as shewn, so that the roller on the
wheel 8 passes down into the recesses in the wheel 9, it enters into the
recesses of the wheel 10 and moves that wheel, which will thus be caused to
move in the opposite direction to that of the axle l. On the boss of the
wheel 10 is fixed the cog wheel 11, which takes into and drives the cog
wheel 12, which is on the axis of the "tipler;" hence the "tipler" will be turned
partly round each time that the wheel 10 is put in motion, the endless chains
on the axle l having stopped previously to that motion, so that there would be
an angular trough of the endless chain at rest under the "tipler" to receive
the carding therefrom; and in order to ensure correctness of operation in the
"tipler," there is a wheel 13 fixed on the axis which has three recesses thereon,
into which the roller m on the lever arm m¹ enters when the "tipler" is to be
brought to rest, such lever arm being acted on constantly by a spring m², as is
shewn. n, n, are series of angular troughs; they are so arranged as to work
in sets, as shewn in the Drawing. The sets consist of ten, but machines may
be arranged for working with larger or less numbers of such troughs in sets.
By this arrangement there are constantly ten pierced-up cardings going to the
bobbin d; and in order that these sets may have their troughs simultaneously

page_text: turned over to deliver the cardings therein, each trough is provided with a
finger or projection n', which, coming against a fixed projection n², tho
whole ten turn over at the same time, the projections n³ being of diffe-
rent lengths, so that a projection will only be in the way of the pro-
jection n¹ of its own trough n in each set. On the axes 7 and l; are four
chain wheels,, which carry two endless chains P, and these carry the
troughs, as shewn, and as is well understood. The cardings delivered from
the troughs n fall on the endless carrier o; this carrier is composed of four
endless straps, with transverse laths o, o, fixed thereto, and this endless
carrier is supported on the fixed table or platform o* over which it moves;
and the endless carrier is carried by the cylinders or rollers on the axes o', o³,
one of which receives motion from the wheel 5, which takes into and drives
the cog wheel 14, which is on the axis p, and this axis has a bevilled toothed
wheel 15, which takes into, and drives the bevilled toothed wheel 16 on the
axis 9, which at its other end has a cog wheel 17 fixed thereon, which takes
into and drives the cog wheel 18 fixed on the axis o². And in order that the
workman may. have time to remove the bobbin d when full, and replace it by
an empty one, the last portions of the pieced cardings are caused to be wound
on to the nearly full bobbin more quickly; for this purpose the axis p is carried
at one end by a rocking bar p', which has its axis at p, so that the wheel 14
can be moved out of gear with the wheel 5, and into gear with a faster speeded.
wheel, the other end of the axis p being carried by a fixed standard p³, the bear-
ing of the axis at this end allowing of a slight freedom in order that the axle
may be moved a short distance at its other end. The bar pt is moved by means
of the lever p, which is attached to the bar p¹ by a link as shewn; by lifting
the lever p', the bar. p¹ will be moved, and the wheel 14 will be put in gear
with the cog wheel 18, which is driven by the cog wheel 19, fixed on the
boss of the wheel 20, which wheel 20 is constantly in gear with the cog wheel
5, and thus will the speed of the endless carrier o be quickened, and the
cardings thereon will be wound up before the next quantity is delivered
thereon, and thus will time be allowed for the workman to remove and replace
the bobbins, after which the machine will again be caused to work at its usual
speed, and so that the succeeding quantities of cardings may lap at their ends
slightly one over the other, and be connected by means of the rubbing endless
surfaces 7, r, as heretofore. Motion is given to the bobbin d in the following
manner-On the axis o² is a cog wheel 21, which takes into and drives the
cog wheel 22, which takes into and drives the intermediate wheel 23, 24, and
the latter gives motion' to the cog wheel 25 on the axis of the surface rollers,
which, acting on the surface of the bobbin d, gives motion thereto, and thus

page_text: the same winds on the pieced cardings, the bobbin being carried by arms t,
which are carried by and slide on the tie bar t', and the arms t are connected
or tied together by the bar t, and the arms t also rest on and between collars
on the bosses of the surface roller, which slide on the axle of the surface roller.
And a to-and-fro motion is communicated to the arms t, and consequently to
the bobbin d, by a cam v, so that the cardings are wound regularly on to the
bobbin; and motion is obtained to the cam v by means of the axis / by a cog
wheel 26 fixed thereon, which taking into, gives motion to the cog wheel 27
on the screw axis u, which carries the cam v, which acts on two rollers v¹
carried by an arm ³ fixed to one of the arms t, as is shewn in the Drawing.
The cog wheel 22 also gives motion to a cog wheel 28 on the axis of the
lower of the endless rubbers r, r, and the axis of the upper one is driven by a
cog wheel 29 taking into the cog wheel 28. And a to-and-fro movement is
communicated to the endless rubbing surfaces by the following means:-On
the axis is a drum at, which receives motion from the carding engine
by a strap, and on the axis x is a wheel ++, carrying a crank pin to
give motion to the connecting rod a¹, which is at its other end connected to a
lever ³, which gives motion to the rubbing surfaces by means of arms ³ on
the frame which carries the axes of the rubbing rollers, which arms ³ are
When the
attached to the lever by connecting links x, x', as shown.
cardings are delivered on to the endless band of laths their ends are put together
to cause them to be properly pieced by the vibrating levers o³, between which
they are caused to fall. The levers o³ are carried at one end by the pins o* rest-
ing on the bar os, and are connected at their other ends by the plates of screwed
to them, which have pins o' to connect them with the bar o³, to which a vibrating
motion is given in the following manner :-A pulley o on the axis a gives motion
by a band to the pulley wheel o" carried by a pin on the side framing of the
machine. A crank pin on the wheel o¹ gives motion to the connecting rod o"
attached to an arm o¹s on the bar o. 0¹³ is a fixed bar, upon which the plates
o and bar os which connects them slides. 0¹ is a lever catch to stop the
motion of the levers at the time the cardings are being delivered, there being
pins o¹ on one of the endless chains P, which come under the lever arm o¹6 on
the axis of the catch, to raise it out of the way of the projection o¹ on the bar
08, and the band slips over the pulleys when the catch is down. In order that
the persons attending the machine may have knowledge of the time for
removing the bobbin, a bell or other other signal apparatus is employed, which
is so arranged that it will give notice when the bobbin is nearly full, and a
second notice when it is necessary to change the bobbin; and this is done by
means of the screw y taking into the screw wheel y', the axis of which is

page_text: carried by the lever arm z, which is carried by the pin ¹ on the framing of
the machine, and the lever is always pulled upwards by the spring **
attached to it, and connected to a projection on the side framing. is a lever
catch carried by a pin on the lever z, and is the means of retaining the screw
wheel y¹ in gear with the screw y, until a pin or projection on the wheel y¹
comes in contact with the end of the lever catch ³, and releases it from its
bearing against the projecting bracket on the framing. is an arm affixed
to the lever z, there being a pin on its lower end, which carries the
lever, to the lever arm z of which is attached the spring and bell **.
The lever arm has a finger catch moving in one direction only on an axis at
the end of the lever arm, the other arm of the lever being always pulled
upwards by the spiral or other spring 210 attached to the lever z. The appa-
ratus acts in the following manner:-The lever z is pressed downwards until
the lever catch comes under the projection 2 on the framing, and thereby
retains the screw wheel in gear with the screw y, a pin y fixed in one of the
holes in the side of the screw wheel y' in such a position that when it comes in
contact with the lever z' the bobbin will be nearly full, and so that when that
lever escapes the spring 20 in pulling it to its former position causes the bell to
be rung, in order that the attendant may be in readiness to change the
bobbin when the next signal is given; and when the pin in its further revolu-
tion comes in contact with the lever catch.2, and releases it from its bearing,
the spring, in raising the lever z and apparatus attached, causes the bell to
be rung a second time. y is a weight on the boss of the screw wheel, to turn
the pin back to its original position.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself
to the details as herein given, as the same may be varied, so long as the peculiar
character of any part of my Invention be retained. But what I claim is,―
First, the improving of the process of piecing up wool cardings by applying
the roller a. I also claim the application of the roller b, and clothing the
bobbin, as described, to ensure the winding on of the cardings. And I also
claim the use of a blast of air, as described.
Secondly, I claim the application of a flap to the dish, as herein explained.
Thirdly, I claim the causing the endless chain of troughs to be so worked
that it may move and rest alternately. I also claim the receiving the card-
ings from the dish by angular or V-formed troughs, each having only two
sides inclined to each other, when the same are used for delivering to a series
of other troughs, as explained. And I also claim the use of like angular two-
sided troughs turning on axes, as herein described.

page_text: JOSHUA VICKERMAN (L.s.) BINNS.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-first day of December,
in the year of our Lord 1850, the aforesaid Joshua Vickerman Binns came before
our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specifi-
cation aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in
form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Telled the Tomter South dow of December in the