A NEW OR IMPROVED FORM OR. CON-. STRUCTION OF A LEG AND FOOT FOR PROPELLING CARRIAGES ON RAIL OR COMMON. ROADS, AND A NEW COMBINATION OR ARRANGEMENT OF MACHINERY FOR LOCOMOTIVE: CARRIAGES, BY MEANS WHEREOF THE WEIGHT OF THE LOAD TO BE CARRIED 18: RENDERED APPLICABLE AS PART OF THE POWER FOR MOVING OR PROPELLING THE CARRIAGE ON WHICH IT IS SUPPORTED OR RESTS
Year: 1839

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS: SHALL COME, I, JOHN
CLARK, lately residing in Upper Thames Street, London, but at present residing
at Paris, in the Kingdom of France, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at Westminster,
the Sixth day of March, in the second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her
heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said John Clark, Her
especial licence that I, the said John Clark, my exors, admors, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said John Clark, my exors, adiñiors, and assigns,.
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED FORM OR. CON-.
STRUCTION OF A LEG AND FOOT FOR PROPELLING CARRIAGES ON RAIL OR COMMON.
ROADS, AND A NEW COMBINATION OR ARRANGEMENT OF MACHINERY FOR LOCOMOTIVE:
CARRIAGES, BY MEANS WHEREOF THE WEIGHT OF THE LOAD TO BE CARRIED 18:
RENDERED APPLICABLE AS PART OF THE POWER FOR MOVING OR PROPELLING THE
CARRIAGE ON WHICH IT IS SUPPORTED OR RESTS;" in which said Letters Patent:
there is contained a proviso, obliging me; the said John Clark, by an instrument:
in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the.
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
A

page_text: and to cause the same to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six months next immediately after the date of the said recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully
and at large appear.
NOW THEREFORE KNOW YE, that I, the said John Clark, in pursuance
of the said proviso, do hereby declare the nature of my said improvement and
Invention by the following description thereof, reference being had to the several
elevations, ground plans, delineations, and sections hereunto annexed, and which
are to be taken as part of the said description, and in all which elevations,
ground plans, delineations, and sections the same letters and figures are used
to point out the same parts of my said improvement and Invention:
1st. First, my improvement and Invention consists of a new or improved
form and construction of a leg and foot for propelling carriages on rail or
common roads; and, secondly, in a new combination or arrangement of
machinery for locomotive carriages,. by means whereof the weight of the load
to be carried is rendered applicable as part of the power for moving or pro-
pelling the carriage on which it is supported or rests.
2nd. For the purpose of carrying my improvement or Invention into effect,
two frames or carriages must be constructed distinct and separate from each
other. The first, or number 1, to consist of certain framework, made of iron
or wood, with machinery attached, as hereafter particularly described, and to
which the axletrees of the road wheels are attached; and the second, or
number 2, to consist of a strong framework for the support of a coach, cart,
waggon, or any description of carriage, and to which framework four wheels
are made freely to turn on axles firmly attached to the said framework.
3rd. To the framework of carriage number 1 are affixed bearings, in which
two shafts, each carrying eight cranks or eccentrics, revolve, and to each of
these cranks a leg and foot, as will be hereafter described, is made freely to
play, and to the extremities of the two shafts are attached, as hereafter
described, four cylindrical wheels, within which the four wheels attached to
carriage number two are placed; and thus the total machine consists of two
carriages, number 1 being supported on wheels resting on the ground, and
number 2 having its wheels in cylinders attached to the framework of carriage
number 1.
4th. To cause this united machine to advance, the four wheels attached to
the framework of carriage number 2 are, by the aid of a steam engine, made
to revolve in the cylinders in a backward direction to the carriage number 1;
to which these cylinders are attached, and thus, these wheels belonging to the
carriage number 2, are, by the rotatory motion communicated by the steam

page_text: engine, as hereafter described, continuously attempting to advance; but imme-
diately that they are propelled or removed from the points on which they
rested, their weight with the load they support is brought to press on the inner
circumference of the cylinders. at points removed from the centre of gravity of
the said cylinders, and consequently, as the wheels of the carriage number 2
have trundles and cogs running on rims, and cogs forming the inner part of
the cylinders, as will be hereafter more fully described, the weight of the
carriage number 2 thus applied must give to the cylinders a rotatory motion,
or the resistance by which they are withheld must be equal to or superior
to the powerful revolving force exerted by the wheels of the said carriages
number 2 running. therein. By this adaption of the carriages numbers 1 and
2 the cylinders become a sort of endless railway, constantly descending or
turning as the weight revolving therein is more or less removed from their
centre of gravity, in proportion as the resistance to be overcome may require.
5th. The weight thus applied to the cylindrical wheels is also brought to
act on the legs, which being attached to the cranks or eccentrics on the same
shaft, in manner as will be hereafter described, are consequently, as the
cylindrical wheels revolve, pressed alternately at different angles against the
ground in a line to push and cause the road wheels of carriage number 1 to
revolve in a forward direction, and thus the weight of a coach, cart, waggon,
or any description of vehicle, with the load it carries, by having its wheels
placed in cylinders attached to another carriage or framework supported on
wheels resting on the ground, is brought to act as a propelling power to the
carriage on which it rests, and from which its endeavors to escape are
counteracted by the cylinders E revolving in equal times through equal spaces
that the wheels of the carriage numbe 2 would have passed through provided
they bad revolved or rolled on a plain surface,
6th. The following reference to the mechanical Drawings will illustrate and
further explain the nature of the aforesaid improvement and Invention, and
the manner in which the same can be effected.
7th. Figures 14, 13, 24, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, .10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,
17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, and 28 exhibit elevations, ground
plans, and sections of the aforesaid framework and machinery of the two
described carriages; the same letters of reference to explain the different
parts in the elevations being also affixed to the same parts described in their
respective ground plans and sections.
8th. Figure 1 represents an elevation, and Figure 1B a ground plan, of
the framework (made of iron or wood) and machinery belonging to the
carriage number 1, having three pairs of road wheels made of iron or wood.

page_text: 9th. Figure 2A represents an elevation, and Figure 2B a ground plan, of the
framework of the carriage number 2 (which may also be made of either iron
or wood, and the wheels which support it upon the carriage number 1.
10th. Figure 3 represents an elevation of the two carriages number 1 and
number 2 united, as when in actual use.
11th. In Figure 1A and 1B, and the other Figures connected with them,
A, A, &c. represent the perch (made of iron or wood) of the carriage No. 1,
which connects the three axletrees of the road wheels one with the other.
This perch consists not merely of a longitudinal piece of iron or timber, but
may be traced by letters A, A, &c. in the elevations, Figure 14 and 24, and the
ground plan, Figure 1B, from its commencement at the fore wheel to the hinder
part of the carriage being firmly fixed or botted to the axletrees of the hinder
wheels, but resting on the middle and foremost axletrees, so as to allow these
axletrees to play freely in sockets fixed to the perch, and thereby enable the
conductor to give to the middle and fore wheels such sweep as may be requi-
site in directing or turning the carriage A 3, as shewn in Figure 14, and per-
spective Drawing. Figure 23 is a circular piece of iron fixed to the foremost
part of the perch, and rests on and is attached to the axletree of the fore
wheels, as hereafter described. The framework marked A 2, &c. (Figure 1",
which is placed between the centre pair of wheels and fixed to the said perch,
may also be made either of iron or wood.
12th. B, B, B, B, are springs, made of steel, fixed to sockets B, C, (Figure
15,) made of iron, brass, or gun metal, playing on a spindle shaft, as hereafter
described, which spindle shaft is placed on the hind axletree, as shewn in
Figure 14, 13, and sections, Figures 14 and 15.
13th. C, C, C, C, are also springs, fixed in the usual manner to the arms
A 2 of the perch A, resting on the axletrees of the middle and front pair of
road wheels, as shewn in Figure 1A and 1B.
14th. C, X, are springs, fixed transverly on the perch A, between the
steam generator and steam cylinder, and under the fore and hind cylinders, as
partly shewn in the transverse section, Figure 11, and in Figures 1A, 1B,
and 3.
15th. D, D, &c. is a framework of iron or wood, resting on and attached to
the springs B, B, C, C, and also to C, X, sce Figure 14, 1³.
16th. E, E, &c. are cylindrical wheels, each being formed of a disk with a
socket, two rims, and a wheel, with cogs in the inner circumference, all com-
posed of iron, brass, gun metal, or some such durable substance or material,
and these four pieces firmly botted or rivetted together form a cylinder, see
Figure 14, 1", and transverse section, Figure 11; and also the separate parts in

page_text: Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, in which 4 is the disk and socket, 5 and 7 are the rims, 6
the wheel; the rim 5 is put on the disk 4, then the wheel 6, and then the
other rim 7, and thus the four pieces are rivetted together, forming a cylinder
with cogs between the rims.
17th. F, F, &c. are eccentrics or cranks, as shewn in Figure 1B, with the
cylinders E attached thereto, as will be hereafter described. Figure 8 is a
longitudinal section of part of the framework D, shewing four of the eccentrics
or cranks F, and the manner in which the legs are attached. thereto, with the
form of the grooves between which they play, as will be hereafter explained.
Figure 9 represents a perspective view of six of the cranks F, the manner in
which each four pair of cranks are united to each other in the middle, the form
of the socket G, in which the arms of the eccentrics or cranks rest, with
the wheel H and parrallel bars I, by which the eccentrics or cranks can be
fixed or unfixed from the cylinders E, as will be hereafter explained; sce
also the cranks as fixed to the cylinders E in the transverse section, Figure 10
and 11.
18th. G are sockets, to which the cylinders E are screwed and keyed;
these sockets rest and freely turn on bearings fixed to the framework D,
receiving and supporting the arms of the eccentrics or cranks F, on which they
are made freely to play or be firmly fixed at pleasure, in manner as will be
hereafter described, see Figure 1B and transverse section, Figure 11, and form
of the socket G in the perspective Drawing, Figure 9, and also in Figure 10.
attached to the disk (Figure 4), forming part of the cylinder E. In this
section, Figure 10, the disk with socket, Figure 4, forming part of the cylinder
E, is shewn fixed to the socket G, on which the wheels H connected to the
parallel bars I slide, as shewn in Figure 9. In section, Figure 10, is also
shewn two of the eccentrics or cranks F, with an arm, on which the socket G
is placed, the dotted lines O, X, (Figures 10 and 11) in the crank F marking
the holes into which the teeth of the wheels H enter to fix the said cylinder E
to the cranks F.
19th. Hare wheels with grooves, one of which slides on each socket G, fixed
to the cylinders E at the hinder part of the carriage; see Figure 1B, transverse
section, Figures 10, 11, and perspective Drawing, Figure 9.
20th. I, I, are parallel bars, see Figure 1A, 1B, and perspective Drawing,
Figure 9, by which the wheels H can be moved backwards or forwards on the
socket G, and thereby withdraw or press against the cranks F the aforesaid
wheels H, so as to cause the four teeth on the side of each of the said wheels
to enter cavities O, X, cut in the end crank F, as shewn in section, Figures 8,

page_text: 10, and 11, and perspective Drawing, Figure 9; and when the cranks F and
the cylinders E are thus united they revolve together, but when the teeth of
the wheels H are withdrawn from the holes or cavities in the cranks the cylin-
drical wheels E may by the steam power be kept revolving while the cranks
F remain quiescent.
21st. These movements are regulated by the conductor moving the lever J
attached to the lever K, L, M, by the conducting rods N, N, A, and N, B.
The lever M, when it has described half its range, will by the rod P com-
mence to act on the levers O, these levers O being likewise attached to the
parallel bars I by the rods Q; these parallel bars I will withdraw the wheels
H from their connection with the cranks F, or by an opposite movement fix
them thereto, as before described.
22nd. R are compound wheels playing on an axletrée fixed between the
hind and middle axletrees of the road wheels to the framework D in a direct
line under the cylinder wheels E, see Figure 14, and transverse section
Figure 11; each of these compound wheels consists of a trundle wheel S, two
cog wheels T and U, and two pully wheels V and W, the pully wheels V
being placed between the cogged wheels U and T; and the pulley wheel W
between the trundle wheel S and the cogged wheel T, all fixed in one socket,
and turning or revolving freely, on the axletree or shaft, as above described.
23rd. Figure 11 is a transverse section of half of this part of the carriage
number 1, the same letters of reference being affixed to each part, as described
in Figures 1A and 1B, and perspective Drawing, Figure 9, and section, Figure 10.
In this section, Figure 11, the cylindrical wheel E is represented as broken
to shew the teeth or cogs and rims in the internal part, on which the trundle
wheels with cogs on the periphery which support the carriage number 2 rests.
This trundle wheel forming part of the compound wheel B, Z, (Figure 2^;
2³, and 3,) as will be hereafter explained, is shown in Figure 12, from which
it may be seen, if placed in the cylinder E, the cogs on the middle of the said
trundle wheel C, Z, would play into the cogs in the cylindrical wheel, while
the two rims or trundles on each side of the cogs on the trundle wheel would
rest on the rims on each side of the cogs in the cylinder. The cogs on the
wheel T, forming part of the compound wheel R, would play into the cogs of
the wheel D, Z, forming part of the compound wheel B, Z; and the two
trundles S and E, Z; would just touch each other.
24th. X, &c. (Figure 1A and 3),
are compound wheels playing on axletrees
fixed to the foremost part of the framework D, in a direct line under the
cylindrical wheels E.
Each of these compound wheels consist of one trundle

page_text: wheel Y, one cogged wheel Z; and one pulley wheel A 1 (Figure 1B), the cogged
wheel Z being placed between the trundle wheel Y and the pulley wheel A 1,
all fixed on one socket, and turning or revolving freely on the axletree or shaft,
as before described.:
.
25th. B1 is the steam cylinder or rotatory engine.
26th. C1 are cogged' wheels fixed to the axletree or shaft of the steam:
cylinder or rotatory engine.
"
27th. D1 are pinion wheels turned by the wheels C'1.
28th. E 1 are pully wheels fixed on the same shaft or axletree to which-
the pinion wheels D 1 are fixed. These wheels El by means of chains carry.
forward the steam power to turn the compound wheels R and X, as will be.
hereafter described.
29th. F 1, hind axletree, on the arms' of which the hind road wheels fixed
on sockets revolve, and F 2 are arms fixed on the said axletree, as shewn in
Figure 1B, and section, Figure 14, the use of which will be hereafter
explained..
'
30th. G 1 are sockets or spindle shafts on which the hind road wheels aro
fixed and keyed, as shewn in section, Figure 14. The hind road wheels thus
fixed on the said socket revolve freely on the arms of the hind axletree, the
said spindle also playing in sockets B, C, fixed to the springs B; B, as-shewn
in Figure 1A, and section 14 and 15. On inspecting section, Figure 16, it
will be seen that the socket G 1 is raised in the middle, having, flanges, which
can be fixed on each side, and between and through- these flanges the parts
colored blue are grooved down to a level with the circumference of the other
parts of the socket, to admit the slides I, I, being drawn backwards. or
forwards, as will be further explained.
31st. H1, H2, are pully wheels placed-between the flanges on the spindle
shaft G 1, and have grooves cut from their centre-to admit slides, by which these
wheels can be fixed or unfixed at pleasure to the sockets G 1, as will be here-
after explained, see Figure 1B, and section, Figure 14. These wheels .are
notched to receive a chain, and grooved to receive the slides I, I, as shewn in
Figure 17.
.32nd. I, I, are slides fixed to a wheel J, J, which can be moved, as will be
hereafter explained, backwards or forwards on the sockets G 1, so as to unfix or
fix to the said sockets the pulley wheels. H1, H2, at pleasure. These slides,
as will be seen in section, Figure 14 and 16, are raised at each end, the low
part sliding in the-grooves cut in that part of the socket G.1 on which the
pulley wheels revolve, just coming to a level with its circumference; when,

page_text: therefore, the slides are placed so that the two raised ends do not enter the
space on which the wheels H 1 and H 2 are placed, these wheels revolve
freely, but if the slides are given a backward or forward pressure, the moment
the grooves in the pulley wheel next the slide to which the pressure is given
comes in contact with the raised part of the slide it will enter the said grooves
in the wheel and prevent it from revolving; see section, Figure 14, and also
section, Figure 18, which shews the separate parts forming the wheel J, J.
'The rim J, JB, is placed on J, JA, and on the rim J, JB, is placed J, Jo, J, JA,
and J, JC, being screwed together, by which means J, JB, is kept by the arms
of the lever K 1, Figure 19, in one position, while the two parts J, JA, and
J, Jo, with the slides fixed thereto revolve with the socket and hind road
wheels, as aforesaid.
33d. K 1 is a lever playing on a spindle or axle supported by the arms F 2,
fixed to the hind axletree F 1, see Figure 1B, and section, Figure 14. This
lever is connected to and guides the wheel J, J, as shewn in Figure 14 and 19,
and is also connected by the blue conducting rod to the lever L 1, which lever,
being connected, as hereafter described, to the vertical lever N, F, passing
through the table Y 4 (Figures 1 and 23) in the front of the carriage,
enables the conductor to regulate the slides I, I, so as to unfix or fix either of
the two pair of wheels H 1 or H 2 to the socket G 1, as aforesaid.
34th. L1 are levers attached to the levers K 1 by the blue conducting
rods, as shewn in Figure 1. The formation of these levers L I, and the
manner by which they are connected to the blue rods and the conducting rods
O, I, is shewn in Figure 1B, and in the perspective Drawing, Figure 20, the
part colored yellow being springs playing into a groove or opening in the
conducting rod 01, the use of which is as follows:-Suppose the conductor
of the carriage wishes to fix either the pulley wheels H 1 or H 2 to the
sockets G 1; this is to be effected by moving the slides I, I, so that the
raised parts may enter the grooves cut in the said pully wheels H1 or H 2,
and thereby fix them to the socket G1; the formation of which socket as
aforesaid is described in section, Figure 14 and 16; but it may so happen,
that as the slides revolve with the socket they may not come exactly at the
same moment into conjunction with the grooves of both the wheels to be
fixed, by which, as the slides on both sides the carriage are pressed backwards
or forwards by one movement, the one in conjunction with the grooves would
be prevented from entering. This difficulty is obviated by the springs colored
yellow, which will give way when the slides are pressed against those parts of
the pulley wheel between the grooves, but the moment that either pair of

page_text: '
slides come in conjunction with the grooves of the wheel against which they
are pressed the spring will immediately cause them to enter. These move-
ments are effected by the conductor of the carriage as follows:-
35th. M 1 are cranks or levers to carry forward rods, by which the con-
ductor can act on the levers L 1, and thereby adjust the slides. These
cranks M 1 are situated near to the parallel bars I, and play on the axle to
which the cogged wheels Q1, as hereafter described, are fixed.
36th. N, C, are levers placed between the middle road wheels and levers O,
and are for the same purpose as the cranks M 1.
37th. N, D, is a lever placed in front of and near the middle road wheels,
and is for the same purpose as lever N, C.
38th. N, E, is a lever near the cylinder E in the fore part of the carriage,
also for the same purpose as lever N, D.
39th. N, F, is a vertical lever passing through the table Y 4.
40th. 01 are rods on both sides the carriage connecting the levers L 1 to
the cranks M 1.
41st. O 2 are also rods in both sides the carriage connecting the cranks
M 1 to the levers N, C.
.
42d. P1 is a rod connecting the lever N, C, to the levers N. D.
43d. P2 is a rod connecting the lever N, D, to the lever N, E.
44th. P 3 is a rod connecting the lever N, E, to the lever N, F, by which
lever the conductor can regulate the slide I, I, colored in Figure 1B ver-
million, so as to fix to the sockets G 1 either pair of wheels H 1 or H 2,
according as it may be required to back the carriage, or give an impetus to
the forward motion, or unfix all the wheels H1 and H 2 from the sockets G 1,
if so required.
45th. Q1 are cogged wheels fixed on an axle or shaft in front of the
compound wheel R, on which axle the cranks M 1 are also placed. These
wheels are turned by the wheels T.
46th. R1 is a cogged wheel fixed on the same axle or shaft as the wheels
Q1, all three being turned by the wheels T, forming part of the compound
wheel R. This wheel R 1 is for the purpose of raising the legs from the
ground when required to back the carriage or otherwise, as will be hereafter
explained.
47th. S 1 are cogged wheels turned by the wheels Q 1.
48th. T 1 are pulley wheels fixed on the same socket on which are fixed
the cogged wheels S 1, the sockets of which revolve or turn freely on the axle
or shaft to which they are attached. These wheels are. turned by the cogged

page_text: wheels Q1, and by means of chains connecting the pulley wheels T 1 to the
pulley wheels A 1 carry forward the power by which they are turned to the
compound wheels X, but by the conductor of the carriage moving the lever J
connected to the lever M, as before described, this lever M being connected
with and acting on the axle or shaft T 2 will withdraw the wheels T 1 from
their connection. with the wheels Q 1, and thereby shut off the communication
between the compound wheels R and X.
49th. U1 are grooves formed by partitions of wood or iron fixed to the
framework D, as shewn in Figure 14, 1, and Figure 3, with sections, Figure 8,
and perspective Drawing, Figure 21; between these partitions the legs, to be
hereafter described, play, and when they have propelled the carriage or
machine to the extent of their given stretch, the wheel n 10 (Figures 8 and 24)
fixed to each leg comes in contact with the partition between which the legs
move, and by which they are immediately raised from the ground, and by
means of the said wheel n 10 running or sliding on the angled surface of the
partitions the leg is brought into a position to be again acted on by the
revolving cranks F, U 2, as shewn. In Figure 1A and Figure 3, and in
sections 8 and 21 is a support or roller V 6 running under the grooves to
raise the legs, as will be hereafter described.
.
On
50th. V1, V2, are wheels with cogs on three-fourths of their circum-
ference, which, with the trundle or drum wheel V 3 attached to the cog
wheel V1, and the trundle or drum wheel V 4 attached to the cogged
wheel V 2, all of which play freely on the axle or shaft T 2, to which the
cogged and pulley wheels S1 and T1 are also attached. These wheels
V 1, &c. are for the purpose of raising all the legs or only the front legs
from the ground, according as the conductor may wish, either to back the car-
riage, or lessen or wholly take away the effect of their propelling power.
inspecting Figure 1B it will be seen that the lever M is connected at right
angles with the conducting rod P attached to the levers O, and also with the
axle or shaft T 2, on which the cogged wheel S 1, the pulley wheels T 1, and
the cogged and drum or trundle wheels V-1, V 3, and V 2, V 4, are placed,
consequently if the conductor moves the lever J, connected by the lever K
and I by the rods N, N, A, and N, B, to the lever M, this latter lever will
act on the axle or shaft T 2, so that the cogged wheel V 1 will be the first to
be brought into contact with and turned three-fourths round by the cogged
wheel.R. 1. This movement will withdraw the wheels S 1 from their con-
nection with the wheels Q1, and consequently shut off the moving or steam
power from the compound wheel X, and as the cogged wheels V 1 is turned

page_text: three-fourths round its trundle or drum wheel V 3 will wind a chain or pulley
line V 5, which being attached to a roller V 6, as shewn in Figure 1 B, and
section, Figure 8, passing under the grooves in front of the legs, will draw such
roller under the grooves to V 7, and thereby raise the front legs from the
ground; when the cogged wheel V 2 by the same means is also brought into
contact with the wheel R 1, the back legs will be raised in like manner; and
by this last movement of the lever J, the lever M acting through the con-
ducting rod P on the levers O, attached by the conducting rods Q to the
parallel bars I, these levers O will cause these parallel bars I to withdraw
the wheels which fix the cranks F to the cylinders E, which cylinders may
then by the steam power be kept revolving while the cranks are in a quiescent
stall; see section, Figure 8 and 22: These sections are connected by the
pulley line or chain V 5, which is attached at one end to the trundle or drum
wheel V 3; as shewn in section, Figure 22, and attached at the other end to
the roller V 6, playing under the partitions forming the grooves U 1, and upon
the partitions U2, as shewn in Figure 8, in section 22. The cogged wheels
V and its trundle (supposed by the dotted line to be seen on the other side)
is just brought into contact with the wheel R I. The wheels V 1, V 2, when
unconnected with the wheel R 1 are kept in the position shewn in this section
by the weight.V 8 attached thereto.
51st. W 1 are cogged wheels fixed to a socket playing on an axle or shaft,
situated under the axle or shaft on which the compound wheels R revolve,
Figures 14 and 3.
!
52d. I are pulley wheels, one of which is fixed on the same socket with
each of the wheels W I, all of which are turned by the cogged wheels W 1
playing into the cogs of the wheels U, forming part of the compound wheel R.
These wheels. act in the operation of backing the carriage, as hereafter
described; see Figures 14 and 3.
53rd. The manner in which the machine or carriage is connected with the
fore wheels is also follows:-The perch A is terminated in front by a circular
piece of iron A 3 (Figure 1A and 3), which is made to rest on a circular piece
of the same material, fixed to or forming part of the axletree to the fore
wheels. To this piece, forming part of the axletree, is fixed a segment of
ninety degrees of an iron cogged wheel, sixteen inches in diameter, as shewn
in Figure 14, and perspective Drawing, Figure 23. This will allow the fore
wheels a sweep of forty-five degrees, but if a greater range is required, instead
of ninety degrees the cogs may be cut on half the circumference of the said
wheel. Y 1 is the circular piece fixed to the axletree; and Y2, the teeth or
cogs cut thereon or fixed thereto. A-3 is the circular piece, forming part of

page_text: the perch A, which rests in the circular piece Y 1 of the axletree. Through
A 3 a hole or socket is drilled to admit a spindle or shaft Y 3, of iron or
some such strong material, formed as may be seen in the perspective Drawing,
Figure 23, with grooves, by which it is fixed to the circular piece on the axle-
tree, while it can play freely in the socket cut in A 3. This spindle Y 3, as
shewn in the aforesaid Drawing, goes right up through a socket in the table
Y 4, on which table is described ninety degrees of a circle, and a hand is fixed
to the spindle or shaft Y 3 to shew the sweep given to the axletree, as here-
after described.
54th. Z 1 is a spindle or shaft connected to Z 2 by a union joint (Figure
.1 and Figure 23). To the spindle Z 1 is fixed a trundle or drum wheel Z 3,
twelve inches in diameter, and to the lower end of the spindle Z 2 is fixed a
cogged wheel Z 4, four inches in diameter, playing into the teeth or cogs Y 2
on the circular piece Y 1. Z 5 is a trundle or shaft, the size of the trundle
or drum Z 3, and supported by an axle resting in sockets Z 6, fixed to the
table Y 4. To this axle is fixed a winch Z 7. A cord or chain is brought
round the trundle Z 3, and three and a half or four tuns round the trundle
Z 5, by which, when the conductor turns the winch Z7 three turns round,
the axletree will be given a sweep of forty-five degrees to the perch, each turn
of the winch giving the axletree a sweep of fifteen degrees.
55th. To regulate the sweep of the axletree of the middle wheels in accord-
ance with the sweep of the axletree of the fore wheels, a pulley wheel Z 8,
fifteen inches and in good in diameter, is firmly attached to the spindle or shaft
Y 3, as shewn in Figure 1A, 1B, and perspective Drawing, Figure 23. To the
pulley wheel Z 8 two chains are fixed, both passing over the pulley wheels Z 9,
see Figure 1A, 1B, and afterwards carried down, one under and one over the
pulley wheel Z 10. To the pulley wheels Z 11 are also fixed other chains, one
passing over and the other under the said pulley wheels. These chains
attached to the pulley wheels Z 11 are then carried backwards and attached
to the axletree of the middle road wheels, by which means when the fore
axletree is given a sweep of forty-five degrees the middle axletree will require a
sweep of twenty-six degrees, being in accordance with the sweep they should
describe from their relative distance between the hind and fore wheels. The
diameters of the pulley wheels Z 10 and Z 11 are two inches.
56th. To obtain a firmness and steadiness in the connection between the
perch A and the fore axletree, in addition to the spindle Y 3 the circular
pieces A 3 and Y 1 are firmly held in their position by the iron cramp Z 12,
which is screwed on A 3, and passing under Y 2; Y 1 is also firmly screwed
to A, the perch. This cramp has two sockets, through one of which the spindle

page_text: Y 3 passes, and rests in the other, thereby giving firmness and steadiness to the
cogged wheels Z 4.
57th. The table Y 4, it will be seen, is supported by the framework D,
all of which rests on the springs C, C, attached to the axletree of the forc
wheels.
58th. Z 13 and Z 14 (Figure 1B) are bolts or spindles, fixing the back parts
of the grooves U1 to the framework D. The use of these bolts will be further
explained in the description of carriage number 2.
59th. Figure 1 and 3 shew eight of the legs working between the grooves
U 1, and are represented as in the act of propelling the carriage or machine:
and section, Figure 8, shews four of the legs in the same action, but the
cylindric wheel E is removed to shew how the legs are attached to the
cranks F.
60th. Figure 24 shew a longitudinal and transverse section of a leg which
is composed of eight pieces and four springs, as follows:-
61st. 1, spring, made of steel, to be fixed in the sole of the foot.
62d. n 2, the foot, made of iron, brass, or gun metal, having a groove
forming two hundred and forty degrees of a circle cut therein, as shewn in
the transverse section, n 2.
68d. n 3, the ankle joint, made of iron, brass, or gun metal, fixed to a
circular bolt of the same material, which is slipped into the groove in n 3, in
which it plays.
64th. n 4, the leg, from the ankle to the knee. This part of the leg, as
shewn in the longitudinal and transverse section, has two flanges, forming a
groove, to admit of its being attached to the ankle by a pivot, so that the leg
may be made to describe different angles, while the ankle and foot attached
thereto remain firmly pressed on the ground. One of the flange plates,
1, n 4, forming the socket to fix it to the ankle, has been removed to shew
how this part of the leg is formed.
65th. n 5, the knee, to be made of iron, brass, or gun metal.
66th. n 6, the leg, from the knee upwards, to be made of iron or rent ash
wood.
'
These plates, made of
leg n 6, at the knee,
67th. n 7, spring plates with grooves cut therein.
steel, are to be fixed, as hereafter described, to the
to give it play, and prevent its being broken in case the carriages, as is not
unusual on a bevelled road, should slip or slide sideways.
68th. n 8 is a spring placed at the knee, between the spring plates n 7 and
the arms of the knee n 5, and are to compensate for any irregularity in the
road which might lengthen or shorten the space over which the leg extends.

page_text: its pressure, and thereby cause a difference between such space and that
passed over by the hind wheels in the same time. This spring would only
be of service when the hind wheels are connected by the pulley wheels H 1.
with the pulley wheels V, forming part of the compound wheel R, when of
course it would be requisite that the ground passed over by the hind wheels
and legs should be equal in both space and time.
69th. To further illustrate how the knee and spring plate are fixed on that
part of the leg n 6, the parts forming the kuce are colored blue between the
dotted lines. This knee is grooved, so as to admit that part of the spring.
plates colored blue, as shewn in the detached spring plate n 7, and also to
admit of being driven tightly on to that part of the leg n 6, as shewn. in the
aforesaid section, to which both the spring plates and knee are made to fit
tightly and are firmly screwed; the spring n 8 with that part of the leg n 4
is then slipped between the spring plates n 7 and the arms of the knee n 5,
a bolt of iron, brass, or gun metal being passed through the grooves in the
spring plates, and fixed tightly in the leg n 4; this bolt keeps that part of the
leg 4 from separating itself from the spring plates, and yet gives it a range
to the extent of the grooves therein of either compressing the spring n 8, or
being pushed or separated farther from that part of the leg n 6, and thus
it compensates for any little variation which the road wheels in passing over
two feet of ground might occasion. To prevent the bolts from slipping out
of the grooves in the spring plates, they are formed with a head at one end,
having a pin, at the other end, the pin being driven firmly after the bolt has
been passed through.the grooves, in the spring plates and that part of the leg
n4; the form of this bolt with the head and pin will be seen on inspecting the
Drawing 1, 7, (Figure 24.)
70th. 9, a guard to prevent the legs from touching in passing each other.
This guard is fixed on the knee, as will be seen in the aforesaid section, and
may be made of either wood, iron, brass, or gun metal.
71st. n 10, a fixed or revolving wheel attached to the leg, to run or slide
on the angled surface of the partitions U 1, as herein-before explained; to be
made of any hard wood, iron, brass, or gun metal.
72d. n11, cap to attach or fix, the leg to the crank. F, to be made of
iron, brass, or gun metal.; XI, XI, pins or bolts to fix the cap to the leg.
73d. These legs, as may be ascertained by the scale measure, from the
pivot in the ankle joint to the semi-diameter of the socket, by which they are
attached to the cranks F, are four feet four inches, and from the pivot or
bolt in the ankle to the bottom of the foot three inches. This is reckoning
the carriage to be propelled two, feet at every quarter turn of the cylinders

page_text: E; but. the length of the legs depends on the height the cylinders E are
placed from the ground, and the pulley wheels H1 and V must be regulated
in their relative diameters according to the diameters of the compound wheels
Rand X, and B, Z, the cylindrical wheels E, and the liind road wheels, in'
Figure 14 and Figure 3. The cylinders are placed on the framework D
three feet ten inches from the ground; they are sixteen inches in diameter.
The compound wheels R and X, and B, Z, are fourteen inches in diameter;:
the road wheels three feet nine inchies in diameter; the pulley wheels H 1:
and H 2 are forty-two inches in circumference, and the pulley wheels .V are
twenty-four inches in circumference; any other dimension will be equally:
good, provided their respective diameters are in accordance with the diameter
of the hind road wheels.
74th. To communicate the steam power to the pulley wheels and cogged!
wheels, comprizing the compound wheels or otherwise, as herein-before
described, the several pulley wheels, as shown in Figure 3, are connected by:
chains, as follows:-Y, Y, are chains connecting the pulley wheels E 1 with'
the pulley wheels W, forming part of the compound wheel R.
75th. X, X, chains. connecting the pulley wheels H1 with the pulley wheel
V, also forming part of the compound wheels R.
76th. Z, Z, are chains connecting the pulley wheels H2 with the pulley.
wheels X1; see Figure 1B, and also Figure 3.
77th. Z, Y, are chains connecting the pulley wheels T 1 with the pulley'
wheels A 1, forming part of the compound wheels X, thereby carrying forward'
the steam power from T1 to operate upon and turn the said compound.
wheel X:
:
78th. Figure 2 represents an elevation, Figure 2-B a ground plan, of. the
framework of carriage number 2. This framework, in order to distinguish
it more clearly from the framework of carriage number 1, has been colored'
yellow.
79th. A, Z, &c. is the framework to which the vehicle to be employed,
whether coach, omnibus, cart, waggon, &c. &c., is to be affixed.
80th. B, Z, &c. are compound wheels attached to the framework Az
(Figure 2A, 2B), which consist of a trundle wheel C, Z, having cogs on the
middle of the periphery, a cogged wheel D, Z, and a trundle wheel E, Z;"
these three wheels forming the compound wheel B, Z, are all
same socket, and. revolve freely on axletrees or arms F, Z, fixed to the frame->
work A, Z, as shewn in Figure 2A, 2B, and Figure 3.
fixed on the
81st. This framework with its compound wheels forms a complete carriage
by itself, so that if its trundle wheels E, Z, are placed on rails G, Z, (Figure'

page_text: 2) it would be capable of being drawn backwards or forwards like any
common vehicle.
82d. Figure 2B and Figure 3 shew the manner in which the two carriages
or frameworks are united.
83d. In the elevation, Figure 3, the framework of the carriage number 2,
being colored yellow, will at once distinguish it from the framework of the
carriage number 1 in the ground plan, Figure 2B; such parts of the frame-
work D, with the hind and middle road wheels, cranks F, and cylinders E, &c.,
with the bolts or spindles Z 13 and Z 14, being all the parts of the ground
plan, Figure 1B, belonging to the framework of carriage number 1 requisite
to illustrate how the two carriages are united, is drawn in outline under the
yellow colored framework A, Z, of the ground plan, Figure 2B. In this out-
line the cylinders E are supposed to be cut in half, to show more clearly
how the trundle wheels C, Z, with cogs on the middle of the periphery.
are placed therein, and with the intention to make this part more clear,
one of cylinders E so cut in half is colored with lake, but the others are left
in outline.
84th. In placing the carriage or framework number 2 upon the carriage
or framework No. 1, as represented in the aforesaid Figure 2B and Figure 3,
the trundle wheels C, Z, of carriage number 2 with cogs on the periphery are
placed within the cylindrical wheels E of the carriage number 1, so that the
cogs on the periphery of C, Z, play between the cogs within the cylindrical
wheels E, while the trundles of the wheels C, Z,. rest on the rims forming
part of the said cylinder E, by which the cogs of the two wheels C, Z, and E
are prevented from jarring or jambing into each other. When the wheels
C, Z, are thus placed in the cylinders E, the cogs of the wheels D, Z, forming
part of the compound wheels B, Z, will play into the cogged wheels T. and Z,
forming part of the compound wheels R and X, as shewn in Figure 1B and
Figure 3; and the trundle wheels E, Z, also forming part of the compound
wheels B, Z, will, as has been before described, just slightly touch the trundle
wheels S and Y, forming part of the compound wheels R. and X.
85th. The carriage number 1 and 2 being placed as above described to
prevent the trundle wheels C, Z, with cogs on the periphery, when the carriage
is descending a hill, from having their points of support within the said cylin-
ders E in a forward direction to a line drawn from the center of the said
cylinders to the center of the compound wheels R and ✗, props or levers, as
shewn in Figure 2B and Figure 3, are attached at one end to the framework of
the carriage number 1, and at the other end to the framework of the carriage
uumber 2.

page_text: 86th. These props or levers are each formed of two pieces, with a strong
steel spiral spring, as shewn in Figure 3, and perspective Drawing, Figure 25,
as follows: A, Y, is a strong iron or brass tube, with a socket B, Y; C, Y,
is a piston rod of iron or brass, turned to fit exactly the bore of the tube A, Y,
and has also a socket D, Y; E, Y, is a strong spiral spring of steel, which with
the piston rod is slipped into the tube A, Y. There are four of these props or
levers, and they are attached to the two frameworks or carriages in manner
following: The sockets B, Y, of the tubed part of the props are placed on
the arms of the two bolts or spindles Z 13 and Z 14, binding together and
fixing, to the frame D the hinder part of each set of grooves U 1, between
which the fore and hind legs play; and the sockets of the piston part of the
props or levers are placed on two strong iron rods H, Z, fixed to the framework
of the carriage number 2, as shewn in Figure 2A and 2B.
87th. When the spiral springs and piston rods are placed in the tubes, and
that they are thus unitedly attached to the two carriages, as before described,
as the tubes, spiral springs, and piston rods are longer than the distance
between the bolts or spindles Z 13 and Z 14, and the iron rods H, Z, to
which the sockets of the tubes and piston rods are attached, the weight of
the carriage number 2 will cause the pistons to compress the spiral springs
until the compound wheels B, Z, rest at the centre of gravity of the
cylinders E.
88th. The force with which these spiral springs are thus compressed must
evidently be sustained by the two carriages, one moiety of the pressure having
the effect to press the carriage number I forward, and the other moiety of
the pressure to press the carriage number 2 backwards, in the cylinders E.
This pressure in its dormant state is a mere tendency to motion; but when.
the compound wheels B, Z, are made to revolve, as hereafter described, these
spring props will vibrate, and as all springs acquire a fluctuating increase of
power by vibration, this increased force will constantly be exerted in equal:
portions to throw the compound wheels B, Z, backwards in the cylinders E,
and give to the framework of carriage number 1, and consequently to the
road wheels, an impulse to move in an opposite direction.
89th. Thus these props exert one portion of their vibrating expansive force.
to push the framework of the carriage No. 1 in a forward direction, and the
other portion to push the framework of the carriage number 2 in a backward
direction, which latter force acting on the compound wheels B, Z, at their
centres, whilst they are kept revolving in the cylinders E by the steam power
applied through the cogged wheels T and Z at their periphery, causes these

page_text: compound wheels B, Z, to advance, or, as it were, walk in the cylinders E,
similar to the action of a man walking in a wheel crane.
90th. On this principle, by which the weight of a man is made applicable to
act on a crane by his walking in a cylindrical wheel, the weight of the carriage
number is made applicable to turn the cylinders E, by the wheels of the said
carriage number 2 being made to revolve on rims within and forming part of
the said cylinders; the cogs in the cylinders and the cogs on the trundle wheels
running therein, being merely to prevent the trundle wheels from slipping
as they revolve, instead of advancing as they turn on the rim, as aforesaid.
91st. The legs being attached to the cranks F, and the cranks to the
cylinders E, as herein-before described, the same power which turns the cylin-
ders also turns the cranks, and consequently the force with which the cylinders
and cranks are turned will be communicated to the legs, which being thereby
pressed at different angles against the ground, as shewn in Figure 14, and
Figures 3 and 8, the whole machine is made to advance in a forward direction,
and thus the weight of the carriage number 2 and the load it carries is
brought to act as a moving power.
92d. The operation of the machinery in communicating the steam power to
its different parts is as follows:-
93d. The steam engine being set in motion, the wheels C1 on the shaft or
axle of the rotatory engine or steam cylinder B 1 will turn the pinions D 1,
which being fixed on the same shaft or axle with the pulley wheels E 1, they
by means of chains Y, Y, turn the pulley wheels W, and the cogged wheels T
and U, and also the pulley wheels V, all of which are fixed on the same
socket (see Figure 11), and the cogged wheels T playing into the cogged
wheels D, Z, turn the compound wheel B, Z, and consequently set in motion
the trundle wheels C, Z, with cogs on the middle of the peripheries, which
wheels being placed in the cylinders E, set in motion and keep these cylinders
also revolving.
94th. The steam power thus applied to the machinery, as above described,
at the back part of the carriage, by the arrangement of the cogged wheels Q1
and S 1, and the pulley wheels T 1, and the chains Z, Y, carry forward the
steam power to the pulley wheels A 1, which form part of the compound
wheels X, by which the compound wheels B, Z, placed in the cylinders E in
the fore part of the carriage, are made to revolve in like manner to the
compound wheels placed in the cylinders in the hind part of the carriage, as
before described.
95th. When the machine is in motion, if the slides I, I, are then moved in

page_text: manner as herein-before described, so as to attach the pulley wheels H. 1 to
the socket G 1, on to which the road wheels are fixed, the pulley wheels. V
being connected by chains X, X, to the pulley wheels H 1, as herein-before
described, the whole force or momentum of the machine thus in motion
will be communicated through the road wheels to the pulley wheels H 1
fixed thereto by the slides I, I. The pulley wheels H 1 will communicate
the power to the pulley wheels V, forming part of the compound wheels R,
and the compound wheels R will communicate the power to the compound
wheels B, Z, turning or revolving in the cylinders E, and thereby the
weight in motion will act as a powerful fly wheel to accelerate the whole.
machine.
96th. In order to back the carriage, the conductor must, by moving the
lever J, connected, as herein-before described, to the lever M, to the axle or
shaft T2, to the levers O, and to the parallel bars I, raise the fore and
hind legs from the ground and disconnect the cylinders E from the cranks
F; after which, by moving the lever N, F, he must regulate the slides I, I,
as before described, so as to fix the pulley wheels H 2 to the sockets G 1;
these pulley wheels H 2, being connected by chains Z, Z, to the pulley
wheels X 1. fixed on the same socket with the cogged wheels W 1, the
latter cogged wheels being turned by the cogged wheels U, forming part
of the compound wheels R, although the cylinders are detached from the
cranks F, will still be kept revolving by the steam power and turn the
pulley wheels H 2 in a backward direction, and thereby give the carriage a
retrograde motion.
97th. Figure 26 shews the longitudinal and transverse form of the links
of the chain by which the several pulley wheels are connected to each
other.
98th. Figure 27 is the steam generator, see Figure 1B, and the united
carriage, Figure 3, at the hind part.
99th. Figure 28 conducting pipe, by which the steam is conveyed from
the generator to the rotatory engine or steam cylinder B 1, see Figure 1B³,
and united carriage, Figure 3.
And whereas as regards my said improvement and Invention, consisting
of two parts, as above mentioned and described I do not claim as new any
of the separate parts or pieces of which either of the said two parts of 'my
said improvement and Invention is composed; but with regard to both parts
of my said improvement and Invention, I claim the combination and arrange-
ment of the several parts of the said new or improved leg and foot, as above
2 B

page_text: particularly described, and also the combination and arrangement of the
several parts of the machinery attached to the carriages number 1 and
number 2, ás herein-before also particularly described, whereby carriages
can be readily. propelled on rail or common roads, and the weight of the
load to be carried is rendered applicable as part of the power for moving or
propelling the carriage on which it is supported or rests.
And such my improvement and Invention, described as consisting of two
parts, being, to. the best of my knowledge and belief, entirely new, and
never before used in England, I do hereby declare this to be my Specifi-
cation of my said improvement and Invention, and that I do verily believe
this my Specification doth comply in all respects fully and without disguise
with the proviso in the said herein-before in part recited Letters Patent
contained; wherefore I do hereby claim to maintain exclusive right and
privilege to my said improvement and Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Clark, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Sixteenth day of August, One thousand eight hundred
and thirty-nine.
This is the exhibit marked (A) mentioned and referred to in the affidavit
of James Hertslet hereunto annexed.
W. BROUGHAM.
James Hertslet, Sub-librarian in the Office of Her Majesties Principal
Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Downing Street, Westminster, maketh
oath and saith, that he is well acquainted with Thomas Pickford, and with
his signature and character and manner of handwriting, and that the name

page_text: Thomas Pickford, set and subscribed at the foot of the Specification hereunto
annexed (marked with the letter A), as having taken the acknowledgment
thereof by John Clark, therein named, is of the proper handwriting of the
said Thomas Pickford, as this deponent verily believes; and this deponent
further saith, that the said Thomas Pickford was at the time of the date and
taking of the said acknowledgement the Consul for Her Britannic Majesty at
Paris.
W. BROUGHAM.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the oath of James Hertslet the
Specification aforesaid was inrolled, word for word, as above written. And
also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Twenty-second day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and thirty-nine.