IM- PROVEMENTS IN TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING TELEGRAPHIC MESSAGES OR SIGNALS, SPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO FIELD TELEGRAPHY, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE PURPOSE
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jean Baptiste Gustave Mangenot, of 268, Rue Saint-
Jacques, Paris, France, Manufacturer of Scientific Instruments, and at present
temporarily of Fleet Street, in the City of London, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING TELEGRAPHIC MESSAGES OR
SIGNALS, SPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO FIELD TELEGRAPHY, AND IN APPARATUS
FOR THE PURPOSE."
Sealed the 11th October 1878, and dated the 22nd April 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jean Baptiste Gustave
Mangenot at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd April
1878.
JEAN BAPTISTE GUSTAVE MANGENOT, of 268, Rue Saint-Jacques, Paris, France,
Manufacturer of Scientific Instruments, and at present temporarily of Fleet Street,
in the City of London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING TELE-
GRAPHIC MESSAGES OR SIGNALS, SPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO FIELD TELEGRAPHY,
AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE PURPOSE."
This Invention has for object the transmission of telegraphic messages or signals
by the employment of currents of induction.
The currents of induction produced by an electro-magnetic rotary apparatus, or
by an induction apparatus worked by a battery or by other means produced, may
be employed in this system of telegraphy.
My receiver is constructed as follows:-An oval stick of non-conducting material
is pierced by two holes for its whole length, and in each of these holes is fitted a
screw (incapable of being oxidized) for making contact. These screws terminate at
their upper part in a head which forms a projection on the upper part of the stick.
The lower part of these screws terminates in nippers, in which are fixed the ends
of the electric wire. This arrangement of the receiver allows of its being placed
between the fingers of the telegrapher and its screws in contact with the thumb,
cheek, or lips, and in short it can be carried in the mouth like a cigar holder, the
tongue resting on the screws.

page_text: My transmitting apparatus or manipulator consists of a piece of brass or bronze
in connection with another piece or blade of same form, but in steel, and thin
enough to act as a spring. This steel piece is fixed to the first-named piece by an
ivory bar in such manner as to leave a space between each plate in order to insulate
them. A bent piece fixed to the lower part of the brass or bronze piece establishes
contact of the two pieces so as to leave the steel blade or piece sufficiently elastic to
be depressed by the finger acting on an india-rubber washer, while it prevents it
from rising above the level of the ivory bar. The points of communication are
fixed at the upper part to receive the electric wire.
The apparatus composing my field telegraph service are a generating apparatus
(induction), a manipulator, a receiver, and a single electric cable composed of two
wires, all of which are carried on the telegrapher. The cable being laid down, the
metallic extremities of one of its ends are placed at the points of contact of the
generating apparatus, and two wires are fixed to the points of communication of the
transmitting apparatus (manipulator). The two other ends of these wires are fixed
to the nippers of the receiver, and at the moment that the generating apparatus is
worked the current will be closed by the manipulator.
If the steel blade of the manipulator be depressed, circuit will be broken, and the
current will flow through the wire and will arrive at the receiver; in this case the
telegrapher charged to receive the message holds the receiver in his hand, the thumb
pressing on the screw, if the distance does not exceed 4,000 metres; but if a greater
distance, the screws must be placed on the cheek, lips, or tongue.
At each break of the current, that is to say, at each time the manipulator be
pressed, the telegrapher will receive a shock which the sender will produce by a
rapid or slow breaking of the current, according to the Morse alphabet, for example
a rapid and short break will form the "points" or dots," a longer break the
** bars or "dashes;" a short interval without contact will separate the letters, and
a longer one the words.
23
56

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Jean Baptiste Gustave Mangenot in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 18th October 1878.
JEAN BAPTISTE GUSTAVE MANGENOT, of 268, Rue Saint-Jacques, Paris, France,
Manufacturer of Scientific Instruments, and at present temporarily of Fleet Street,
in the City of London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING TELE-
GRAPHIC MESSAGES OR SIGNALS, SPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO FIELD TELEGRAPHY,
AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE PURPOSE."
My Invention consists in providing means whereby telegraphic messages may be
received by impulses produced directly upon the thumb, the cheek, the lips, the
tongue, or other parts of the body, by means of induction currents sent through the
conducting line, such impulses being of longer or shorter duration, according to the
time occupied by the emission of the currents, and, for example, corresponding with
the signs used in the well-known "Morse" alphabet.
According to my said Invention, the person receiving the message becomes, so to
speak, the receiving instrument.
In carrying my said Invention into practice, I employ apparatus consisting of
three parts, namely,-
First. An instrument for generating induction currents, and which may be an
electro-magnetic machine, an induction instrument operated by means of a battery
or any other suitable apparatus.
Secondly. A manipulating instrument of any suitable construction for the purpose
of controlling the duration of the induction currents.
Thirdly. A receiving instrument called a contact receiver, with two appendages
to which the poles are joined, and designed to be placed in contact with the cheeks,
lips, or other part of the person receiving the message.
I employ a small cable or conductor with either one wire or two wires, which
cable constitutes the telegraphic line.
The novel application of induction currents for telegraphic purposes under the
conditions above described secures an advantage not existing in telegraphs which
are operated by voltaic currents, namely, that very fine wire may be employed
and consequently a great length of cable may be rolled upon a reel or otherwise,
causing the whole of the apparatus to be exceedingly portable. I thus supply a
telegraph of novel construction which will be found of great utility in military
operations.
I call the complete apparatus, constructed according to my said Invention,
ໄ "Mangenot's field telegraph."
The apparatus for generating the induction currents I make of the smallest
practicable dimensions.
In the accompanying Drawing I have shewn as an example only a manipulator
and a contact receiver constructed as I prefer to make them, and to which I give
the name of "bijou," because of their very small size.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the contact receiver. This receiver is con-
structed as follows, that is to say:-An oval piece A of non-conducting material, which
may be hard wood, hardened india-rubber, amber, ivory, or similar substance, is
pierced by two holes B through its entire length (about 0. 06), and in each of these
holes is fitted a rod C made of metal incapable of being oxidized. These rods
terminate at their upper part in a head D, which forms a projection on the upper
part of the piece A. The lower part of each of these rods C terminates in a clip E,
in which are fixed the ends of the cable or line wire F. This arrangement of the
receiver allows of its being held between the fingers of the person using it, while
its heads D are placed in contact with his thumb, cheek, or lips, or it can be carried
in the mouth like a cigar holder so that the tongue may rest on the heads D.
Figure 2 is a front view in perspective of the apparatus called a manipulator.
Figure 3 is an end view of the same. G is a piece of brass or bronze of about

page_text: A bent
0m. 05 to 0. 06 in length by 0m, 02 in width, in connection with another piece H
of similar form but made of steel and thin enough to act as a spring. This steel
'piece is fixed to the first-named piece by an ivory bar I in such manner as to leave a
space of several millimeters between the plates in order to insulate them.
piece J fixed to the lower part of the brass or bronze piece establishes contact of
the two pieces G, H, so as to leave the steel blade or piece H sufficiently clastic to
be depressed by the finger acting on an india-rubber washer K, while it prevents
the picce H from rising above the level of the ivory bar. Binding studs L are
fixed at the upper part to receive the cable or line wire.
The cable or line wire being laid down, the metallic extremities of one of its ends
are placed at the points of contact on the generating apparatus, and two wires are
fixed to the contact points of the transmitting apparatus or manipulator. The two
other ends of these wires are fixed to the clip E of the contact receiver. At the
moment when the generating apparatus is put in operation, the circuit will be closed
by the manipulator.
If the steel blade H of the manipulator be pressed, the circuit will be broken, the
current will flow through the line wire and will arrive at the contact receiver,
Figure 1. In this case, the telegrapher charged to receive the message holds the
contact receiver in his hand, the thumb pressing on the heads D, D, if the distance
does not exceed 4,000 metres; but if the distance is greater, the heads D, D, must be
placed on the cheek, lips, or tongue.
At each break of the current, that is to say, each time the manipulator is pressed,
the receiving telegrapher will feel an impulse or shock which the sender will produce
by a rapid or a slow breaking of the current, according to the "Morse" alphabet,
for example, a rapid and short break will form the "points" or "dots," a longer
break will produce the "bars" or dashes;" a short interval will separate the
letters, and a longer one the words.
"
The manipulator, Figures 2 and 3, with regard to its small dimensions, is well
adapted for use with the contact receiver, Figure 1, but any other suitable manipu-
lator may be employed for this purpose.
Having thus fully described my said Invention and the manner of performing the
same, I wish it understood that I claim,-
First. The novel method of telegraphing by employing induction currents caused
to act directly upon the thumb, the cheek, the lips, the tongue, or other part of the
person who receives the messages, and produce thereon impulses whose duration
shall correspond with conventional signs, as above set forth.
Second. The apparatus as shewn, or of any suitable construction and arrangement
which will serve for the transmission or application of induction currents in an
electric telegraph, for the purpose and under the conditions above specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jean Baptiste Gustave. Mangenot, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eiglit.
TaAT
TCHזורד 1 כד
CLISTA VE
ITT
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ICHEונד 1 כד
GUST
GENOT.
OT. (L.S.)