Improvements in the Constructional Arrangements of Buildings.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Apr., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 8th Jan., 1896-Accepted, 14th Mar., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Constructional Arrangements of Buildings.
I, JOHN FREDERICK SPENCER, of 91 Haworth's Buildings, Manchester in the
County of Lancashire, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in the constructional arrangements of
buildings employed for engineering manufacturing purposes, all the main workshops
being built wholly of iron and steel, combined with
masonry or brickwork
where required, and the roofing glazed without slates or opaque covering. The
particular object I have in view being to secure within by preference a rectangular
block by the means hereinafter described concentration of the various departments
or workshops arranged as far as required so as to be in adjacent progressive
working connection each with the other, while at the same time I avoid the
obstructive and wasteful separating spaces common to existing buildings of this
class.
In carrying out my concentrated arrangements and improvements, I employ
specially designed supporting columns, so formed and jointed together, as to permit
of an unobstructed wide passage through them throughout the length of each bay.
These columns are preferably of uniform pitch in line of bays and carry wholly or
in part the girders for main and subsidiary travellers and are spaced so as to
support the roof principals.
The line shafting for small tools is carried on columns with intermediate supports
on smaller columns pitched at regular intervals, such columns being tied to the
wall columns and supporting girders carrying the lifting travellers.
Among other advantages arising from the particular constructional arrangements
I have described, I obtain by uniformity of span and roof principals in the main
workshops, the consequent duplication of parts for economical internal construction
and fittings.
The general arrangement of the line shafting, countershafts and belts for small
tools, so as to offer the minimum of obstruction to the roof lighting.
In a suitable and sufficient site, the arrangement of open yard areas adjoining
all departments requiring the same, with the provision for any desired future shop
extensions in every important department requiring the same, without interference
with concentration or severing the progressive connections.
Such an arrangement of the small tool shops as to be in direct and touching
connection with each main machine and erecting bay.
It will be seen that by means of the particular constructional arrangements I
have described, I obtain great structural strength and free intercommunication
between all parts of the factory for workmen and materials, maximum daylight,
economical progressive construction and manufacture, and minimum cost of labour
and production.
Dated Avril 8th 1895
FRANCIS M. KOGERS,
A cent

page_text: Improvements in the Constructional Arrangements of Buildings.
I, JOHN FREDERICK SPENCER, 91, Haworth's Buildings, Manchester, in the
County of Lancashire, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :—
My invention relates to improvements in the constructional arrangements of
buildings employed for engineering manufacturing purposes, all the main workshops
being built wholly of iron and steel, combined with masonry or brickwork where
required, and the roofing glazed without slates or opaque covering. The particular
object I bave in view being to secure within by preference a rectangular block by the
means hereinafter described concentration of the various departments or workshops
arranged as far as required so as to be in adjacent progressive working connection
each with the other, while at the same time I avoid the obstructive and wasteful
separating spaces common to existing buildings of this class.
In carrying out my concentrated arrangements and improvements, I employ
specially designed supporting columns, so formed and jointed together, as. to permit
of an unobstructed wide passage through them throughout the length of each
bay. These columns are preferably of uniform pitch in line of bays and carry
wholly or in part the girders for main and subsidiary travellers and, are spaced so
as to support the roof principals.
The line shafting for small tools is carried on columns with intermediate
supports on smaller columns pitched at regular intervals, such columns being tied
to the wall columns and supporting girders carrying the lifting travellers.
•
Among other advantages arising from the particular constructional arrangements
I have described, I obtain by uniformity of span and roof principals in the main
workshops, the consequent duplication of parts for economical internal construction
and fittings.
The general arrangement of the line shafting, countershafts and belts for small
tools, so as to offer the minimum of obstruction to the roof lighting.
In a suitable and sufficient site, the arrangement of open yard areas adjoining
all departments requiring the same, with the provision for any desired future shop
extensions in every important department requiring the same, without interference
with concentration, or severing the progressive connections.
Such an arrangement of the small tool shops as to be in direct and touching
connection with each main machine and erecting bay.
It will be seen that by means of the particular constructional arrangements I
have described, I obtain great structural strength and free intercommunication
between all parts of the factory for workmen and materials, maximum daylight,
economical progressive construction and manufacture and minimum cost of labour
and production.
To enable my invention to be better understood I will now proceed to describe
the same more fully by means of, the accompanying drawings, in which
Fig. 1. is a ground plan of shops.
Fig. 2. is a vertical sectional elevation on line A B Fig. 1. excepting the
building O.
Fig. 3. is a cross sectional elevation through all the main bays.
Fig. 4. is a cross sectional elevation through boiler-maker's shop.
The particular object I have in view, is to secure within by preference a
rectangular block, concentration of the various departments or workshops; these
I arrange so as to be in adjacent and progressive working connection with each
other; at the same time by the particular construction of the supporting columns

page_text: in the main bays I secure an unobstructed wide passage of communication
throughout the length of each bay; these columns also carry wholly or in part.
the girders for the power travellers, and are by preference so spaced as to support
the roof principals.
In Sheet 1. I have shewn, by means of a ground plan, a typical engineering
works for the manufacture of marine and stationary steam engines. It will be
seen that within the 4 walls, without any open separating spaces, and under one
roofing (which, except that of the administrative building, I prefer to glaze
entirely with glass or equivalent transparent medium), are comprised the iron.
foundry B, main erecting and machine shops C, and boiler maker's shops D, and.
upon the opposite side of the line of railway R, partly under a fireproof ceiling,
the brass foundry E, pattern maker's shop F, general stores G, and shipping.
department H, and above the fireproof floor S, the offices of the administrative
department I, as shewn in Fig. 2, being on the first floor over stores, &c. The
engine smith's shop J, small tool shop K, copper smith's shop L, brass work
store M, and boiler smith's shop N, are like the main bays covered with a roof
consisting wholly of transparent material, and supported by columns c¹ set in a
direction transverse to those in the larger shops. The line shafting 9, in small tools
shops is carried on columns c", pitched at regular intervals, such columns c", being
tied at intervals to the columns c¹.
Although I have shewn for the purposes of description a shop laid out more.
particularly for the construction of marine and stationary engines, the arrangement
may be varied to suit any class of engineering work.
Referring to Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, c are the supporting columns of the main
bays B, C, D, these are by preference cast in pieces of suitable shape and weight.
in iron, steel or like metal. All the joints e, are machine faced, the various parts
being secured by bolts f. In Fig. 3 (see also enlarged detail in Fig. 4.) these
columns are shewn tied together by transverse girders 9. The sides of the top of
the central dividing columns thus formed, carry at h, built up or plain joists i,
formed of iron or steel, surmounted by rails k, which form the tracks for the
travellers m. It will be seen by reference to the drawing that each bay is as
usual fitted with one or more independent travellers m, placed at such an elevation.
as to give a clear headway. The supporting columns c, c', are so pitched in the
main bays and transverse shops as to form the sole support of the roof principals n,.
these principals being covered with glass in preference to an opaque covering of
slates or the like. A special feature of my improvements consists in so forming
the supporting columns c, (see also enlarged detail Fig. 4.) as to utilize the space
or opening between the frames upon the ground or other floor for an unobstructed
communicating wide passage for workmen and others throughout the length of
each bay. By reference to Figs. 1 and 2, it will be seen that the small tool shop K,
boiler smith's shop N, and engine smith's shop J, consist of two bays crossing
the ends of the main bays B, C, D; by this means I am able to maintain a free
and uninterrupted communication between each of these shops and the adjacent
main bays. With a view to obtain clear and unobstructed top light and headway
in the small tool shops, I mount the live shafting 9, on the columns c", the
countershafts r, being carried as usual on brackets, and driven by belts ropes or
the like t, in such case the driving power may be located at any convenient point
in the main or an adjoining building, as steam or electric motors may be adopted,
the shafting being controlled by clutches or separate electric motors so that the
power may be laid on or off from any shop or part of a
shop at will.
In the ground plan I have shewn a small building O, which I propose to use as.
an electric power station, from which the current may be conducted for lighting
purposes and to motors operating the main or subsidiary shafting or coupled
direct to the machine tools.
By means of the particular constructional arrangement herein shewn and
described I attain
1st. Fireproof shops capable of extension in any direction without interfering.

page_text: with the system of progressive and concentrated manufacture, whereby the material
passes through its constructive stages with the minimum of handling and lifting.
2nd. The shops are concentrated and self contained, of great structural strength
and mainly independent of the side walls.
3rd. The roof principals are of uniform spau, and in the main bays supported
by a series of built up framed columns, so formed and arranged as to permit of
clear communicating passageways through them to all parts of the works for the
manager, foreman, workmen and others.
4th. Owing to the particular arrangement of the line shafting and countershafts
in the small tool shops, top light and headway is secured with the minimum of
obstruction.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim, is :—
1st. In a building employed for engineering constructive purposes, the combination
and concentration of the particular .constructional arrangements, whereby all
intervening or separating open spaces between shop and shop are avoided,
progressive manufacturing connection is secured, and the cost of constructing the
works is reduced.
2nd. The particular constructional combination whereby uniformity of roof
spans, with duplication of internal construction, and a minimum of external wall is
secured.
3rd. In a building employed for purposes of manufacture the constructional
combination of the stancheons or columns supporting the roof principals having
framed openings for the purpose of providing uninterrupted passages for managers,
foremen, workmen and others to all parts of the works.
4th. The particular construction of built up columns having machined joints
and ties, and supporting the roof principals in the way and manner and for the
purpose described.
5th. The general arrangements in the small tool shops for supporting line
shafting and countershafts so as to avoid obstruction of light.
Dated this 8th day of January 1896
FRANCIS M. ROGERS,
Agent.