IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES OR FIRE-PLACES, AND IN PREPARING CHARGES OF FUEL FOR THE SAME
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Schouberszky, of Paris, Avenue de Neuilly,
No. 88, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES OR
FIRE-PLACES, AND IN PREPARING CHARGES OF FUEL FOR THE SAME,"
Sealed the 19th February 1878, and dated the 24th September 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Schouberazky at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th September 1877.
CHARLES SCHOUBERSZKY, of Paris, Avenue de Neuilly, No. 88, Civil Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES OR FIRE-PLACES, AND IN PREPARING CHARGES OF
FUEL FOR THE SAME."
The objects of this Invention are to obtain continuous combustion of fuel and
consumption of smoke; to allow of rapid lighting; to produce little or no dirt, and
to permit of the stove or fire-place being readily moved from one room to another.
These results are obtained by constructing the stoves or fire-places and preparing
the fuel charges as herein-after explained.
I construct stoves of an outer cylinder or case of sheet iron, in which are two
other concentric cylinders; the lower of these is of cast iron, and constitutes the
fire-place where the combustion takes place; the upper cylinder is of rather smaller
diameter, and contains the reserve fuel which is introduced by the cover. Below
the fire-place are two grates, under which is an ash pan. With the foregoing
arrangement of the cylinders there is a space all round the fire-place for the free
passage of the external air.
In stoves as hitherto constructed, this annular space, when it has existed, has
always been closed, and it simply has diminished the heating of the outer case
while in my arrangement the outer air can enter freely. When the fire is burning,
all the gases produced are compelled to pass into a second annular space between
the upper and lower cylinders, the upper cylinder being hermetically closed by the
edge of its cover dipping into a layer of sand. These gases, which arise from
distillation and incomplete combustion, if the fuel used is coal or wood, or containing
oxide of carbon if they are produced by charcoal or coke, meet at the upper edge of

page_text: the fire-place or lower cylinder, the current of air which passes up the annular space
outside the lower cylinder, such air becoming heated by contact with such cylinder;
the gases travelling parallel to the air burn on coming in contact therewith, and
fill the space between the upper cylinder and the outer case with a good flame,
thus utilizing a notable portion of the fuel which has hitherto been unproductive.
In order to obtain continuous combustion, I combine two superposed grates. The
upper one is formed of a ring and three transverse bars, which leave spaces
sufficiently wide for all the fuel to fall through when stirred, although the mass may
be retained therein by the natural hold which the different pieces together offer ;
this grate is placed on supports, which keep it at the proper distance from the casing,
allowing it however to move horizontally around its vertical axis; this grate carries
two lugs, formed with holes, into which the middle bar of the lower grate passes;
in this way the two grates are so united that a movement given to the handle of the
lower grate imparts an analogous rotary movement to the upper grate. The bars of
the lower grate are placed so as to divide the spaces between the bars of the upper
grate so that they may together give spaces suitable for the fuel used.
Apart from the difference of the spacing of the bars in the two grates, they differ
in the fact that the upper grate, with the exception of the rotary motion which can
be imparted to it by the lower grate, cannot move from its position, while the lower
grate can be pulled out like a drawer, and be withdrawn from and replaced in the
stove as required; this grate is therefore susceptible of receiving two movements,
the first a rotary movement, which, imparted from right to left and reciprocally in
the horizontal direction by the handle, draws the upper grate into the same move-
ment, thus producing a general working up of the fuel in the fire-place, and causing
the fall of the ashes into the pan; the second, a rectilinear motion, so that by drawing
out the handle of the lower grate, the middle bar of which slides in the lugs before
named, this grate is withdrawn from the stove and allows the lumps or cinders to
fall into the ash pan, whereby the fire-place is quite cleaned.
At the time the upper cylinder or reservoir is filled the opening of its cover leaves
a free issue to the gases accumulated in the reservoir; it should therefore be reclosed
as soon as possible. In order to do this I prepare the fuel for a complete charge.
This preparation may be done in several ways. According to one way the fuel is
enclosed in an envelope of stiff paper or cardboard, the fuel being composed of a
piece of wood surrounded with coal, which fills up the spaces formed by the irregu-
larities of the wood, and covered with a small layer of charcoal for retarding the
combustion during the charging of the apparatus; the presence of the paper or
cardboard envelope has a further effect, it prevents the coal adhering to the sides of
the reservoir, which it tends to do owing to the distillation of this fuel produced by
the high temperature of the reservoir.
Another way is to take a cylindrical box of bark or paper perforated with holes
to facilitate combustion; this box is filled with any suitable fuel. When wood of
sufficiently regular form and of a diameter suited to the reservoir can be procured, it
may be advantageously employed as the fuel, and to facilitate combustion I split the
wood with an axe or otherwise, and afterwards connect the pieces together by pins
passed through holes formed therein.
My improved stove being intended to be easily transported from one room to
another, I mount it on three wheels or rollers. The two back rollers are carried on
a horizontal spindle, which does not change its position; at the front of the stove is
the third roller, the horizontal axis of which, on the contrary, becomes displaced
around its vertical axis, turning in its bearing like a furniture caster. This roller or
caster may be replaced without inconvenience by a fixed foot.
The object which I wish to obtain is to be able to bring the apparatus before a
chimney or other opening to discharge the smoke only; the apparatus should act at
once, without any pipes or arrangements than such as now exist. The stove has an
outlet pipe at the side to enter the opening, which should always be sufficiently
wide to produce no effect on the draft of the stove, which should work of itself; for
this purpose the stove has no lateral opening for lighting or for charging; the only

page_text: outlets above the grate are the pipe for the exit of the gases and the cover, which,
in order to stop any passage of gas, is hermetically closed by means of sand, grit,
or other suitable powder; this is effected by means of a groove filled with the sand,
into which the edge of the cover enters. The power of being able to move the
stove as required, and notwithstanding the weight it may possess, is facilitated by
the rollers or casters on which it is mounted.
It is the combined use of the hermetic cover, of the outlet pipe leading to a
chimney, and of the rollers or casters, which enables me to obtain the object above
named.
In a modified form of my stove, the cover is fixed by rivets or clasps to the body
or case of the stove, which is of sheet iron and relatively light. This arrangement
leads me to charge the stove at the lower part by lifting the body of the stove; this
movement is facilitated by the lightness of the apparatus, which is turned upside
down after having been separated from the ash pan; the grate when lifted uncovers
the lower orifice by which the charging is effected; this being done the grate is
replaced, and the stove having been returned to its natural position the lighting is
effected by means of the ash pan, which is arranged so as to serve as a fire-basket.
For this purpose it is filled with lighted charcoal, and afterwards fixed in its position
in the stove by means of a rod and a hook. This fire-basket is in the form of a
cylinder closed at the bottom.
In order to prevent loss of heat from the fire-basket, and keep the lighted
charcoal in good activity, the sides and bottom have internally a second metal sheet
or plate a little distance from the first; between these plates are placed sheets of
paper, which the first lighting should reduce to ashes; these sheets are separated by
sheets of thin metal or of asbestos paper. Nails or pins are placed at the bottom,
leaving the middle of the said bottom free; the points of the nails project inside
a certain distance; this latter arrangement replaces the grate and disposes the
charcoal so that the part which is in the centre rests on the bottom, where there is
a cavity containing spirits of wine, which, being lighted, afterwards ignites the coal
or charcoal in the fire-basket. The air for combustion enters only by holes near the
bottom of the cylindrical part. The fire-basket is provided with a handle. This
construction of fire-basket can be advantageously used for lighting stoves
constructed as first herein-before described, by putting it filled with lighted
charcoal in the place of the ash pan.
Although the stove last described is not provided with rollers or casters, it can
nevertheless be easily moved from place to place owing to the lightness due to its
reduced dimensions and the use of a single cylinder, which forins both the reservoir
and the body of the stove. It may also have a hermetic sand joint, and be charged
without being inverted.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Charles Schouberazky in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 22nd
February 1878.
CHARLES SCHOUBERSZKY, of Paris, Avenue de Neuilly, No. 88, Civil Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES OR FIRE-PLACES, AND IN PREPARING CHARGES OF
FUEL FOR THE SAME."
•
"
The objects of this Invention are to obtain continuous combustion of fuel and
consumption of smoke, to allow of rapid lighting to produce little or no dirt, and to
permit of the stove or fire-place being readily moved from one room to another.
These results are obtained by constructing the stoves or fire-places, and preparing
the fuel charges, as herein-after explained.
In the annexed Drawings Figure 1 is a vertical section; and Figure 2 a hori-
zontal section through the line m, o, of a stove constructed according to my
Invention.
The stove is composed of an outer cylinder or case a of sheet iron, in which are
two other concentric cylinders b and c, the lower of these b is of cast iron, and
constitutes the fire-place where the combustion takes place; the upper cylinder c is
of rather smaller diameter, and contains the reserve fuel at r, which is introduced by
the cover g. Below the fire-place are two grates d and e, under which is an ash
pan f. With the foregoing arrangement of the cylinders there is a space K all
round the fire-place for the free passage of the external air.
In stoves, as hitherto constructed, this annular space when it has existed has
always been closed, and it simply has diminished the heating of the outer case, while
in my arrangement the outer air can enter freely. When the fire is burning, all the
gases produced are compelled to pass into a second annular space i, the cylinder c
being hermetically closed by the edge of its cover dipping into a layer of sand v.
These gases, which arise from distillation and incomplete combustion if the fuel used
is coal or wood, or containing oxide of carbon if they are produced by charcoal or
coke, meet at the upper edge of the fire-place or lower cylinder 6 the current of air
which passes up the annular space K, such air becoming heated by contact with
the lower cylinder; the gases travelling parallel to the air burn on coming in
contact therewith, and fill the space p with a good flame, thus utilizing a notable
portion of the fuel, which has hitherto been unproductive.
In order to obtain continuous combustion I combine two superposed grates d and e
(Figures 1, 2, and 3). The upper one d is formed of a ring, and of three transverse
bars h, h, h, which leave spaces sufficiently wide for all the fuel to fall through when
stirred, although the mass may be retained therein by the natural hold which the
different pieces together offer. This grate is placed on three supports 2, which keep
it at the proper distance from the casing a, allowing it however to move horizontally
around its vertical axis. This grate d carries two lugs t, t, formed with holes, into
which the middle bar x of the lower grate e passes; in this way the two grates are
so united that a movement given to the handle w of the grate e imparts an
analogous rotary movement to the grate d. The bars of the lower grate (which is
shewn separately in Figure 3) are placed so as to divide the spaces between the
bars of the upper grate, so that they may together give spaces suitable for the fuel
used.
Apart from the difference of the spacing of the bars in the two grates they differ
in the fact that the upper grate d, with the exception of the rotary motion which
can be imparted to it by the lower grate e, cannot move from its position, while the
grate e can be pulled out like a drawer, and be withdrawn from and replaced in the
stove as required; this grate is therefore susceptible of receiving two movements;
the first, a rotary movement, which, imparted from right to left, and reciprocally in
the horizontal direction by the handle w, draws the upper grate into the same

page_text: movement, thus producing a general working up of the fuel in the fire-place, and
causing the fall of the ashes into the pan; the second, a rectilinear motion, so that
by drawing out the handle w of the grate e, the middle bar x of which slides in the
lugs t, t, this grate is withdrawn from the stove, and allows the lumps or cinders to
fall into the ash pan, whereby the fire-place is quite cleaned. The first or turning
movement may however be dispensed with, the lower grate being then simply
capable of being drawn out and pushed in.
At the time the upper cylinder or reservoir is filled, the opening of its cover g
leaves a free issue to the gases accumulated in the reservoir; it should therefore be
reclosed as soon as possible. In order to do this I prepare the fuel for a complete
charge. This preparation may be done in several ways, as represented in Figures
4 to 9.
Figures 4 and 7 shew in vertical and horizontal section respectively the fuel
enclosed in an envelope of stiff paper or cardboard, the fuel being composed of a
piece of wood b¹ surrounded with coal, which fills up the spaces formed by the
inequalities of wood, and covered with a small layer of charcoal a¹ for retarding the
combustion during the charging of the apparatus; the presence of the paper or
cardboard envelope has a further effect, it prevents the coal adhering to the sides of
the reservoir, which it tends to do owing to the distillation of this fuel produced by
the high temperature of the reservoir.
Figures 6 and 9 represent a cylindrical box of bark or paper perforated with
holes to facilitate combustion. This box is filled with any suitable fuel.
When wood of sufficiently regular form, and of a diameter suited to the reservoir ?
can be procured, it may be advantageously employed as the fuel, as indicated in
Figures 5 and 8, and to facilitate combustion I split the wood with an axe or other-
wise, and afterwards connect the pieces together by pins 9 passed through holes
formed therein.
My improved stove being intended to be easily transported from one room to
another, I mount it on three wheels or rollers, as seen in Figures 1 and 2. The two
back rollers l, l, are carried on a horizontal spindle, which does not change its
position. At the front of the stove is the third roller s, the horizontal axis q¹ of
which on the contrary becomes displaced around its vertical axis n, turning in its
bearing like a furniture caster. This roller or caster may be replaced without
inconvenience by a fixed foot properly set. u is a handle for use in pushing the
stove along the ground.
The object which I wish to obtain is to be able to bring the apparatus before a
chimney or other opening to discharge the smoke only; the apparatus should act
at once without any pipes or arrangements than such as now exist. The stove has
an outlet pipe y at the side to enter the opening, which should always be sufficiently
wide to produce no effect on the draft of the stove which should work of itself;
for this purpose the stove has no lateral opening for lighting or for charging, the
only outlets above the grate are the pipe y for the exit of the gases and the cover g,
which in order to stop any passage of gas is hermetically closed by means of sand,
grit, or other suitable powder; this is effected by means of a groove g', Figure 1,
filled with the sand v, into which the edge of the cover g enters.
The power of
being able to move the stove as required, and notwithstanding the weight it may
possess, is facilitated by the rollers or casters on which it is mounted.
It is the combined use of the hermetic cover g of the outlet pipe y, leading to a
chimney, and of the rollers or casters, which enables me to obtain the object above
named.
In a modified form of my stove, represented in Figures 10 and 11, the cover g
is fixed at h by rivets or clasps to the body or case of the stove, which is of sheet
iron and relatively light. This arrangement leads ine to charge the stove at the
lower part by lifting the body a of the stove; this movement is facilitated by the
lightness of the apparatus, which is turned upside down after having been separated
from the ash pan; the grate when lifted uncovers the lower orifice by which the
charging is effected, this being done the grate is replaced and the stove having

page_text: been returned to its natural position the lighting is effected by means of the ash
pan c², which is arranged so as to serve as a fire basket; for this purpose it is filled
with lighted charcoal, and afterwards fixed in its position in the stove by means of
a rod d and a hook e¹. This fire basket is in the form of a cylinder closed at the
bottom.
In order to prevent loss of heat from the fire-basket and keep the lighted charcoal
in good activity, the sides and bottom have internally a second metal sheet or plate
a little distance from the first; between these plates are placed sheets of paper
which the first lightings should reduce to ashes, these sheets are separated by sheets
of thin metal or of asbestos paper. Nails or pins are placed at the bottom, leaving
the middle of the said bottom free, the points of the nails project inside a certain
distance; this latter arrangement replaces the grate and disposes the charcoal, so
that the part which is in the centre rests on the bottom, where there is a cavity k
containing spirits of wine, which being lighted afterwards ignites the coal or
charcoal in the fire-basket. The air for combustion enters only by holes near
the bottom of the cylindrical part. The fire-basket is provided with a handle p².
This construction of fire-basket can be advantageously used for lighting stoves
constructed, as shewn in Figure 1, by putting it filled with lighted charcoal in the
place of the ash pan f. At the lower part of the cylinder a (Figure 10) is a pro-
tecting jacket t.
Although the stove, represented in Figures 10 and 11, is not provided with rollers
or casters, it can nevertheless be easily moved from place to place, owing to the
lightness due to its reduced dimensions and the use of a single cylinder, which forms
both the reservoir and the body of the stove. It may also have a hermetic sand
joint, and be charged without being inverted.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim as my "Improvements in Stoves
or Fire-places and in Preparing Charges of Fuel for the same,"
First. Constructing stoves with an outer case and two internal cylinders, the
lower cylinder constituting the fire-place in which the combustion takes place, and
the upper cylinder forming a reservoir for fuel, the said stove having its cover
hermetically closed with sand or analogous material, and having an outlet for the
gases, and being mounted on rollers, all substantially as and for the purposes herein-
before described, and represented in the annexed Drawings.
Second. The arrangement in a stove of an annular channel conducting air against
the sides of the fire-place, in order that this air may be heated and afterwards
employed to burn the gaseous products from the fire; this combustion taking place
at the upper edge of the fire-place, where the air reaches an annular space, concentric
with that by which the gaseous products pass, substantially as herein-before
described with reference to Figure 1 of the annexed Drawings.
Third. The arrangement in a stove of two superposed grates, which can be turned
horizontally and the lower of which can be pulled out like a drawer, substantially
as and for the purpose herein-before described, with reference to Figures 1, 2,
and 3 of the annexed Drawings.
Fourth. The arrangement in a stove of two superposed grates without the turning
movement, but the lower of which can be pulled out like a drawer, as herein-before
described.
Fifth. Preparing complete charges of fuel corresponding with the form and
dimensions of the reservoir of the stove, the said charges being composed of
envelopes enclosing the fuel, substantially as herein-before described with reference
to Figures 4 and 7 of the annexed Drawings.
Sixth. Preparing complete charges of fuel corresponding with the form and
dimensions of the reservoir of the stove, substantially as herein-before described
with reference to Figures 5 and 8 of the annexed Drawings.
Seventh. Preparing complete charges of fuel by placing the fuel in perforated
cylindrical boxes, substantially as herein-before described with reference to Figures
6 and 9 of the annexed Drawings.

page_text: Eighth. Constructing stoves of a single cylinder, in which there is no opening
above the grate except the exit pipe for the gases, such stoves being arranged so as
to be lighted from the bottom, substantially as herein-before described, and repre-
sented in Figures 10 and 11 of the annexed Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Schouberazky, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of February, One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-eight.
Witness,
CH. ARMENGAUD, jeune,
Civil Engineer,
Bd. de Strasbourg, 23,
à Paris.
C. SCHOUBERSZKY. (LS.)