to Passenger and other Vessels.
Year: 1886

page_text: to Passenger and other Vessels.
JOHN JOSEPH FREDERICK ANDREWS, 2 Sundorne Road Old Charlton London, S.E.
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS AND VESSELS FOR CARRYING FLUID, LIQUID, AND
OTHER CARGOES APPLICABLE ALSO TO PASSENGER AND OTHER VESSELS, to be as
follows:-
Internal sides skins or casings worked along the vessel fore and aft extending
from the orlop or lower deck or hold beams stringers to the upper or main deck of
the vessel and shaped in such a manner as to form a kind of inverted hopper or
receptacle for the fluid, liquid or other cargo. The sides, skins or casings from the
hopper being continued up to form casings between, or coamings above the upper
or main deck of the vessel, by this means it is impossible for the cargo to shift and
gives greater stability and protection to the vessel.
1
1000

page_text: Improvements in the Construction of Ships and Vessels for
Carrying Fluid, Liquid, and other Cargoes, Applicable also
to Passenger and other Vessels.
I, JOHN JOSEPH FREDERICK ANDREWS, 2 Sundorne Road Old Charlton
London, S.E. Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS AND VESSELS FOR CARRYING
FLUID LIQUID AND OTHER CARGOES APPLICABLE ALSO TO PASSENGER AND OTHER
VESSELS and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Internal skins sides or casings worked along the vessel, fore and aft, extending
from the orlop or lower deck or hold beam stringers to the upper or main deck of
the vessel and shaped in such a manner as to form a kind of inverted hopper or
receptacle for the fluid liquid or other cargo the sides, skins or casings from the
hopper, being continued up to form casings between or coamings above the upper
or main deck of the vessel. The lower frames of the vessel being shaped around
the casings or inverted hopper and continued up the internal skins sides or casings
to the upper or main deck of the vessel, or they may be made to stop under the
orlop or lower deck stringer, and the side frames of the vessel being worked from
the orlop or lower deck stringer internally of the casings.
The frames to be of dimensions as generally used to extend from the keel, to the
underside of lower deck or orlop beam stringer, and to stop at the underside of the
lower deck or orlop beam stringer, or continued through as desired, or the frames
may be turned with a foot to form a ledge upon which to construct the bottom of
the inverted hopper, gusset plates being worked to the frames to connect the
frames to the sides and bottom. The frames internally of the sides skins or casings
being continued up the sides and turned with a foot to connect to the lower
portion, the remainder of the frames above may be worked as in ordinary construction.
The hold beams may be spaced as usual, or on every fourth, sixth, or eight frame
as required, and well connected to sides and bottom of hopper by large gusset
plates or knees, intermediate gussets being worked to the heads of the lower
frames, and single or double angle iron fitted thereto to connect to the bottom of
the hopper. An extra thickness of outside plating or doubling plate may be
worked at the junction of the lower and upper frames to well and efficiently
connect the sides of the vessel. The beams or ordinary deck beams may be as in
usual construction and extending across the hopper and from side to side of the
vessel as required, half beams and carlings being worked in the hopper with
diagonal bracing to connect the two sides of the bopper and sides of the vessel,
sufficient spacing being left for passage of cargo to the hold, the plating of the
hopper, sides, skins, or casings may be made of medium thickness, and worked in
and out, or lap butted the lower and top strakes may be worked vertically and the
middle strake horizontally forming a kind of band or middle strake, and the work
made watertight-The beams may either be worked through the plating, or cut off
at the plating, and well and efficiently connected by knee or gusset plates. Trunks

page_text: may be worked to the side spaces for coal or cargo stores &c. or hatchways, scuttles
or man-holes provided for access thereto as considered requisite. The openings of
the top of the internal sides, skins, or casings may be covered with hatch covers,
gratings and tarpaulins, or laid deck caulked, and openings made therein for
cargo &c. or the internal sides skins or casings may be made to stop under the
upper or main deck as the case may be and the ordinary hatchways for cargo,
ladderways, companions skylights &c. as in the usual manner. The main bulkheads
may be worked around the hopper and continued up the internal sides or casings,
but not necessarily continued to the sides, internal diaphragms being worked
between the sides of the hopper and the sides of the vessel away from the main
bulkheads as required and as convenient for the interoal arrangement of the vessel.
The main bulkheads may be worked only to the lower or main deck, and any other
bulkhead across the vessel above the lower or main deck may be worked away from
and independently of the main or lower bulkheads, thus giving strength to the
sides of the vessel in the vicinity of the main bulkheads. The internal skins sides
or casings at the boilers may be placed sufficiently wide apart to admit or allow of
getting the boilers into their places without disturbing the ordinary portion of the
vessel, the beams, half beams and carlings in the vicinity being made so as to be
readily taken out. At the engines the internal sides or casings will form the sides
of engine room above the lower or main deck. In lieu of the ordinary coal bunkers,
the spaces of the sides at engines and boilers may be used for coal, and instead of coal
bunkers below, bent trunks may be used with watertight doors working vertically
so as to be easily and readily closed upon emergency in the event of accident or
casuality to the vessel and by the trunks in lieu of the ordinary coal bunkers the
sides of the vessel will be left open for examination repairs &c.
Atbwartship cross bunkers being more generally adopted for large storage of coal.
The whole of the scantlings and construction generally used will be applicable
without deviation or alteration from existing practice.
Figs. 1 sheet 1 and Figa 2 sheet 2 shews the application of internal skins
sides or casings C constructed to form a kind of inverted hopper, or receptacle for
fluid liquid, grain, coal, or other cargo and the lower frames of the vessel stopping
under the orlop or hold beam stringer, and from thence continued up internally of
the casings, the ordinary hold beams, and other beams of the vessel being worked
as in ordinary construction. By this form or system of construction, the liquid
fluid, grain, cal or other homogeneous cargo loaded in bulk will stow itself to the
form of the casings, and fill the hold, thus rendering it impossible for the cargo to
shift or incline to the side of the vessel, and reducing the liability to instability
from cargo shifting or overloading-The construction of the inner skins, sides, or
casings being continued up from the hopper to the main or upper deck of the
vessel, forming casings between or coamings above the upper or main deck as
required and made to allow space above the level of the fluid, liquid coal or other
cargo for expansion or surface ventilation.
Water may be admitted to the hold when empty of cargo, or to the side spaces
of the casings forming water ballast, the vessel being perfectly stiff and stable
with the holds entirely filled with water. The ordinary bulkheads of the vessel
may be worked around the internal skins, sides, or casings, and not necessarily
carried to the sides of the vessel, intermediate diaphragmns may be worked across
the hopper or between the internal sides or casings at distances as required bevelled
or otherwise, to prevent wash of fluid, liquid, or other cargo, and to connect the two
sides of the vessel, the ordinary beams, hold beams &c. of the vessel being as in
ordinary construction-The spaces along the sides of the vessel may be utilized for
stowage of coal, cargo, cabins, stores, and other purposes of the vessel--By this
means the necessary buoyancy for the vessel is formed along the sides giving equal
distribution of weight and loading of cargo.
Figs. 3 Sheet 3 and Figs. 31 and 31 sheet 4, shew the application of internal skins
sides or casings C to large class passenger mail and cargo vessels formed as a kind
of inverted hopper in which to load the cargo, the lower frames stopping under

page_text: the lower or orlop or hold beam stringer, and from thence continued up to the
upper or main deck of the vessel as required. The arrangement of cabins, berths,
engines and boilers being provided as shewn the side spaces of the casings may be
utilized for passengers baggage light and valuable cargo, mails, specie, and for
stowage of coal, cargo, stores, provisions and other purposes of the vessel and for
water ballast if required the ordinary bulkheads in the holds being worked around
the casings and to the bottom of the vessel, thus reducing the surface pressure on
the bulkheads with water in any one, or more of the holds, the ordinary beams and
other construction being as in ordinary practice.
Figs. 4. 5. 6. sheet 5. shew the application of internal skins sides or casings C to a
large class, gun or torpedo vessel transport or cruiser, the internal skins, sides or
casings being continued to the upper or main deck of the vessel or stopping under
the main or lower deck, as required, the lower frames or double bottom stopping
under the lower or orlop deck stringer, and the side frames continued up internally
of the casings to the upper or main deck of the vessel, the side spaces being utilized
for stowage of coal or other material, giving coal or other protection along the
sides, and by the internal skins sides or casings being continued up to the main
deck gives longitudinal strength for carrying guns and armament, the sides being
occupied by seamens quarters officers mess rooms, cabins and other purposes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
The construction and formation of internal skins sides, or casings, along the
vessel forming a kind of inverted hopper of any form or shape such internal skins
sides or casings extending from the orlop or lower deck or hold beam stringer to
the upper or main deck of the vessel, giving complete stowage of the hold, rendering
it impossible for the liquid, fluid grain, coal or other cargo to shift or incline to
the side of the vessel-Water Ballast may be used in the ordinary cargo holds
when empty of cargo-Surface ventilation for coal and other cargoes, and room for
expansion of liquids and fluids strength, stability security and safety to passenger
and other vessels.
.T
1000