An Improved Method of and Apparatus for the Manufacture of Boxes from Cardboard or similar Material.
Year: 1894

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Method of and Apparatus for the Manufacture of
Boxes from Cardboard or similar Material.
I, JEAN SCHERBEL of 65 Äussere Schiller-strasse, Dresden, N., in the Kingdom
of Saxony, German Empire, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to the manufacture of boxes from cardboard or similar
The
material, which may be round, oval, or may have obtuse angular corners.
material used consists of cardboard strips of rectangular form for the sides of the
box, and of cardboard discs for the bottom and cover, corresponding to their
shape. The object of this invention is to form, from these pieces a box, to be
provided with a recessed neck to receive and hold the edges of the cover, or I may
apply a portion of my said method to boxes made otherwise in order to finish a
box, pressed in known manner, by pressing the aforesaid recessed neck on to such
box for the reception of the lid. In either case I may construct the bottom
and cover of the box with a protruding rim for facilitating the removal of the
cover.
In the accompanying drawings Sheet 1 illustrates the first method of manufacture
and Sheet 2 a modification thereof.
The cardboard strip for the sides of the box, is bent by the operator round a
cylindrical stamp S, Figure 2, so that the joining ends, provided with adhesive
material somewhat overlap each other. The stamp S has the form of a series of
cylinders of different diameter, succeeding each other like steps. The dimensions
of the smallest cylinder S₁, forming the end of the cylinder, correspond to the inner
width and the height of the neck which is to be recessed upon the box. The
dimensions of the following somewhat larger cylinder S, correspond to the dimensions
for the body of the box. The dimensions of the third cylinder S,, which is again
somewhat larger than the preceding one, corresponds to an enlargement which the
sides of the box receive as a means for the attachment of the bottom of the box and
for the production of the before mentioned protruding rim.
The stamp operated by the stamping apparatus and provided with the cardboard
strip is inserted into a cylindrical matrice M, Figure 1, which is stepped to correspond
to the stamp S. At the advance of the stamp into the matrice, the cardboard is
formed into the cardboard neck H, the box body K and the before mentioned
enlargement U, the edges being simultaneously pasted firmly to each other.
Into the cardboard tube, thus prepared, the operator places the cardboard disc P,
to form the bottom of the box, in such a manner that it rests upon the projection or
strip between the enlargement U and the body K.
The disc is therefore somewhat larger than the inner diameter of the body of the
tube.
The cardboard tube thus provided is placed by the operator within a matrice M,,
Figure 3 calibrated in the same manner as the matrice M, but which is lower than
the latter by nearly the whole length of the enlargement U. An anvil V is inserted
into the matrice M₁, concentrically; its cross section corresponds to the inner
diameter of the neck H of the box and its height is so proportioned that it lifts a
little the bottom disc P inserted into the tube.
The manufacture is continued by means of the stamp Q, Figure 3, the face
of which is turned so that in the direction from the periphery to the centre a
hollow cone I is followed by a rounded groove R, a sharp edged ring W and a flat
surface L

page_text: 1
At the descent of the stamp Q the hollow cone I strikes on the enlargement
of the cardboard tube and presses it down; at the same time the sharp ring W
strikes against the rim of the cardboard disc P, and depresses the same also. As
the rim of the disc P is pressed downwards into the space between K and V₁ the
enlargement U loses its support inwards, and is therefore bent over in that direction,
and reaches over the rim of the cardboard disc P.
When the descent of the stamp has been completed, the enlargement U is
completely bent over the edge of the rim of the disc P, resting on the sides of the
cardboard box, and has received the form of a protecting roll around the box.
Figure 4 shows the box in the position which it occupies in the matrice at the
close of the operation, and illustrates that the bottom is firmly clamped into the side
of the box.
The described process is also used for the manufacture of the box cover,
Figure 5, but in this case the stamp and matrice are without the parts required in
the previous operation for the formation of the recessed neck, which is not required
for the cover.
In the preceding operations it has been stated that the operator bends the
cardboard strip required for the manufacture of the box around the stamp S by
hand. If the manufacture is to be carried out on a large scale, and particularly if
the boxes are to be of large diameter, the bending is effected advantageously by an
apparatus with which the press for stamping the cardboard tube H, K, Ú, is
provided. This apparatus is shown in Figures 6, 7 and 8.
To a support Z on the table of the press are hinged two semi-circular cheeks GG,
the inner faces of which when joined form a circle.
With the cheeks engage springs FF which with their other ends are attached
to an arm on the frame of the machine. The springs hold the cheeks in the position
.in which the outer edges of the cheeks are in the same vertical plane, see Figure 8,
which is in plan.
To the cross head of the press are attached two vertically suspended arms E E,
the free ends of which are bent over towards the back of the machine, see
Figure 8.
The operator pushes the cardboard strip between the stamp S and the cheeks G
to a projection N, in which position it is kept by a small flat spring attached to
the support Z not shown in the drawings. At the descent of the cross head the
arms E E strike against the cheeks G G and turn the same towards the stamp
until they form a cylinder and bend the cardboard strip before them into a tube.
The descending stamp feeds then the cardboard tube into the matrice M, Figure 1,
and the manufacture is continued as above described.
Where a stamped cylindrical box, Figure 9, is to be provided with a recessed
neck, Figure 12 Sheet II, for receiving and holding the cover, and if it should be
further desired to provide bottom and cover with a projecting rim, an upper stampa,
a lower stamp b, and a matrice c are used, Figures 10 and 11.
The upper stamp a corresponds in its dimensions to the outer circumference of
the box and has a flat face. The lower stamp bis composed, as regards its outer
form, of three sections b₁ b, b, one above the other. Of these sections the height
and diameter of b₁ correspond to the inner dimensions of the body of the box;
b, to the inner dimensions of the recessed neck to be provided; and the diameter
of b, to the outer circumference of the box, whilst its height may be of any
convenient dimension. The matrice c is stepped in accordance with the upper and
lower stamps so that the diameter c₁ corresponds to the upper stamp a, the
diameter to the diameter of b, and the diameter of c. with the diameter of b, of
the lower stamp.
The stamping operation commences by the boxes received from the press being
placed on the lower stamp, the upper stamp being then lowered on to the box and
both stamps receiving then a common downward movement into the matrice.
In consequence, the part of the box on the lower stamp section b₂ is drawn in,
to form a recessed neck, during which operation the upper stamp entering the

page_text: matrice and the lower stamp section by moving in the latter, serve to guide the
axial feed of the box, and the operative stamp faces. The projection between
the lower stamp parts b₂ and b, has also the object to ensure the smoothness of the
edge of the box.
When the stamping has been completed, the stamps reascend, the lower stamp b
to the position shown in Figure 10, the upper stamp a continuing its movement
until it also reaches the position in Figure 10.
In order to allow of removing the finished box from the lower stamp in spite
of the recessed neck, the upper part or section of 6 is constructed in the following
nanner.
It cousists, as shown in Figures 14 to 16 only of two segments bo, the opposite
sides of which are oblique towards each other and towards the horizontal plane of
the stamp, and bear against the sides of a wedge like projection t of the section b₂,
the sides of the projection t being parallel to the corresponding sides of the.
segments bo. Into these segments b. are screwed, from below, headed screws o 0,
the shafts of which pass through oval holes in the sections be b, the heads remaining
in deep recesses of b..
At the described descent of the stamps, the pressure exerted by the upper stamp
is. transmitted direct by the segments bo upon the lower stamp section b. On the
other hand when the completed box is removed, the segments are also lifted and
thus removed from all contact with the projection t, and approach each other so
far as the free space of the oval holes in which the screws move will permit. The
box thus becomes free and can be removed.
The described device can also be used to stamp a roll or bead on to the bottom
of the box. If this is to be done the upper stamp has a groove at its edge and the
projection between c, and c, of the matrice is hollowed out, see Figure 11.
The apparatus is further modified if the box to be provided with a neck is
globular or egg shaped and the object to be obtained is to provide one half of the
box with a neck on to which the other half is to be placed, see Figures 17 and 20.
Segmental caps b. b. are then used instead of flat segments b. b. which bear in
similar manner against a projection t, which are, in the same manner as explained
in Figures 14 to 16 connected by screws o with the body of the lower stamp b see
Figures 21 to 23. The upper stamp a receives further a hollowed face_a,
corresponding to the form of the box, and further, it has a projecting rim a,, for
the purpose of centering, and which engages into a recess c, of the matrice c, see
Figures 18 and 19.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
.
1st. A box of cardboard or similar material of round, oval, globular or obtuse
angled form in the body of which a recessed neck has been formed by pressure or
stamping, to receive the lid or cover in the manner substantially as described.
2nd. A box of cardboard or similar material of round, oval, globular or obtuse
angled form, in the body of which a recessed neck has been formed by pressure or
stamping to receive the lid or cover, and the bottom if existing, is formed by
pressure or stamping with a protruding rim or bead manufactured in the manner
substantially as described.
3rd. The process of manufacture of round, oval, globular, or obtuse angled boxes,
of cardboard or similar material in manner as follows:-A strip of cardboard
corresponding to the stretched side of the box, is transformed through stamping by
the co-action of a stepped stamp S₁ S, S, and a correspondingly stepped matrice M,
into a tube with a recessed neck H, a body piece K, and an enlargement U; the
said tube, after inserting into it a cardboard disc P intended for the bottom of the
box and corresponding to the inner diameter of enlargement, being completed in a
second matrice M; by means of the stamp Q, the face of which is formed by a
hollow cone I, a groove R, a sharp edged ring W, and a flat surface L, bending

page_text: the enlargement U, protruding beyond the matrice, over the edge of the bottom
disc P, into a finished box with neck H, and protruding roll shaped rim or bead,
substantially as described.
4th. In a press for carrying out the process of manufacture claimed in Claim 3,
the arrangement of two semi-cylindrical cheeks GG, pivotted at their neighbouring
ends, which bend the cardboard strip introduced between them and the stamp S,
into tubular form, by forming a hollow cylinder surrounding the stamp S by the
action of two arms e e descending with the stamp S, substantially as described.
5th. In the manufacture of boxes as claimed in Claim 3, a modified process when
boxes stamped out of one piece are to be finished by the formation of a recessed
neck thereon, consisting of placing the box, bottom upwards upon a stamp consisting
of movable segments, and pressing the said combined stamp box after the descent
of an upper stamp embracing the box into a matrice stepped to fit the said two
stamps respectively, substantially as described.
6th. To carry out the modified process as claimed in Claim 5, the combination of
two loose segmental stamps b. and b, having a fixed projection b₁ (the upper stamp
corresponding to the inner diameter and height of the body of the box) a middle
part or section b₂, corresponding to the inner diameter and height of the neck to be
produced, a lower part or section b, corresponding to the outer width of the neck,
an upper stamp a, and a matrice c₁ cs c, stepped to fit the diameter of the several
stamps substantially as described.
Dated this 14th day of March 1894.
FELL & WILDING,
Agents for the Applicant.