AN IMPROVED METHOD OF ATTACHING ROMAN, PORTLAND, OR PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION OTHER LIKE CEMENTS TO IRON OR OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Frederick Crease, of Eastney, in the County
of Southampton, Captain in the Royal Marine Artillery, for the
Invention of "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF ATTACHING ROMAN, PORTLAND, OR
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Frederick Crease
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 20th October 1869.
I, JOHN FREDERICK CREASE, of Eastney, in the County of Southampton,
Captain in the Royal Marine Artillery, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF ATTACHING ROMAN,
PORTLAND, OR OTHER LIKE CEMENTS TO IRON OR OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
According to my Invention I first cover the iron or other substance to
be operated on with a coating of Jeffery's Patent marine glue, or Hay's.
Patent waterproof glue, both of which are well known, preferring the
former, such glue being either melted by heat and applied by means of
a hot iron or dissolved in some suitable solvent (such as wood and coal

page_text: naptha, or benzoine, or fusil oil) and laid on cold with a brush or other
suitable instrument, and afterwards whilst the glue is in a moist and
adhesive condition I powder or dredge its exposed surface with sand or
fine gravel or with powdered Roman, Portland, or other like cements of
such coarseness and in such quantities so as to produce on the glue
when dry a roughened surface. Upon the surface so prepared when dry
I lay in a suitably wet mixed state the Roman, Portland, or other like
cement to the required thickness with a trowel, or by other suitable
means.
By the above method Roman, Portland, or other like cements may be
applied to iron, copper, or other substances to which such cements
cannot, so far as I know, be otherwise made to adhere, and the
substances covered with cement according to my Invention will be
protected against the action of air and water, and be thereby rendered
applicable to many purposes for which such substances would be
otherwise unfit.
Amongst other things I may mention that iron tanks covered with
Portland cement in the manner above described will not be found to
corrode, but will preserve water put into them fresh, clear, and sweet
for a very much longer time than iron tanks not so covered.
My said Invention will also be of great practical utility when applied
to iron tanks and tank filters and to the inside and outside surfaces of
the bottoms of iron ships, and in other cases when it is desired to cover
with cement. iron and other substances to which cement will not
otherwise adhere in order to protect such substances from the action of
air and water or for other reasons.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Frederick Crease in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 20th April 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN 3
FREDERICK CREASE, of Eastney, in the County of Southampton, Captain
in the Royal Marine Artillery, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of October, in the year

page_text: of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said John Frederick Crease, Her special licence
that I, the said John Frederick Crease, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Frederick Crease, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF ATTACHING ROMAN, PORTLAND, OR OTHER LIKE CEMENTS TO
IRON OR OTHER SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said John Frederick Crease, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Frederick Crease, do hereby
declare.the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof (that is to say):
According to my Invention I first cover the iron or other substance to
be operated on with a coating of Hay's Patent waterproof glue, which is
well known, such glue being either melted by heat and applied by means
of a hot iron or dissolved in some suitable solvent (such as wood and
coal naptha, or benzoine, or fusil oil), and laid on cold with a brush or
other suitable instrument, and afterwards whilst the glue is in a moist
and adhesive condition I powder or dredge its exposed surface with sand
or fine gravel, or with powdered Roman; Portland, or other like cements
of such coarseness and in such quantities as to produce on the glue
when dry a roughened surface. Upon the surface so prepared when
dry I lay in a suitably wet mixed state the Roman, Portland, or
other like cement to the required thickness with a trowel or by other
suitable means.
In carrying out my Invention I have found that Jeffery's Patent
marine glue (referred to in my Provisional Specification) when used by

page_text: itself will not answer the purpose of causing either Roman or Portland
cement to adhere to iron or other surfaces when exposed after setting
to the action of water, on account of the chemical action set up by the
water on the lime in the said cements, which action decomposes the
vegetable substances, such as caoutchouc, in the glue, and so impairs its
adhesive properties; I have therefore found it better in practice to use
Mr. Hay's glue which forms the subject of Letters Patent, No. 513,
dated the Twenty-eighth day of February 1861. This glue is made in
several qualities, but of these I have found what is called by the manu-
facturers (Hay's Patent Waterproof Glue Co., Limited) "quality No. 2"
the best in applying Roman and Portland cements according to my
Invention, because it contains 2/2 cwts. asphalte to 42 lbs. of flux
(which is a mixture of rosin oil and caoutchouc), which is a larger pro-
portion of asphalte than is contained in the other qualities of glue made
by the said manufacturers. The quality of the glue, however, will vary
according to the kind of cement for which it is to be used.
With some
cements, such as Ransome's vitrified cement and Keene's and Keating's
cements (which are not prepared by the calcination of certain argil-
laceous limestones, such as what is known as Roman cement, or by the
calcining of river mud and limestone in certain proportions, such as
Portland cement) I should use glue containing much smaller pro-
portions of asphalte than the No. 2 quality above referred to. On the
other hand I have found that a larger proportion of asphalte than is
contained in quality No. 2 will render Hay's glue still more efficient
when used with cements which are prepared by calcination and which
contain much hydraulic lime; I have therefore made arrangements
with Hay's Patent Waterproof Glue Company, Limited, to manufacture
for me, under Mr. Hay's Patent, a glue mixed in proportions more
adapted to the requirements of my Invention. This glue will be
called "Hay's Patent Waterproof Glue," quality "cementing glue," and
will contain about 90 per cent. by weight of asphalte. The glue should
first be dissolved in rectified spirits of coal naptha or in benzole, wood
naptha being added in small proportions when the glue used contains
larger proportions than mentioned of caoutchouc. The glue when dis-
solved should be of about the same consistency as that of ordinary oil
paints when mixed ready for use, and the glue so prepared is to be
applied to the surface to be coated in a cold state by means of an
ordinary paint brush. Two or three coats should be laid on one over the
other, each coat being allowed to dry before the next coat is laid over it.

page_text: When the last coat has been applied, and while it is yet wet, the sand,
fine gravel, powdered Roman or Portland cement, or other granulated
hard insoluble substance should be applied to the wet surface by
throwing it over or against the same, by which means the necessary
quantity will stick to the surface to be coated and the superfluous sand
or granulated substance will drop off. In powdering an overhead
surface the powder may be laid on a board or contrivance provided
underneath with a stem or handle of the requisite length and covered
with fearnought. On such a contrivance, with the sand or other
granulated substance on its upper surface being pressed against the wet
glued surface to be coated the requisite quantity of sand or granulated
substance would adhere to that surface. The fearnought may be
previously damped in order to prevent its adhering to the wet glue. The
sand or other hard granulated substance which remains sticking to the
glued surface will produce, when dry, a rough surface resembling that
of coarse sand paper.
The cement to be applied having been mixed with water into the
same consistency as when used by plasterers for coating walls and
other surfaces is then to be laid by means of a trowel or other
implement on to the roughened surface to be coated, the thickness of
the coating being varied to suit the requirements of each particular
case.
For coating the interiors of tanks and filters I have found a thickness
of about one-eighth of an inch sufficient, but in other cases, as on the
insides of the bottoms of ships, where the projecting rivet heads have to
be entirely covered, it will be necessary to increase this thickness, as
will be readily understood.
By the above method Roman, Portland, or other like cements may
be applied to iron, copper, or other substances to which such cements
cannot, so far as I know, be otherwise made to adhere, and the sub-
stances covered with cement according to my Invention will be protected
against the action of air and water, and be thereby rendered applicable
to many purposes for which such substances would be otherwise
unfit.
Amongst other things I may mention that from experience I have
found that iron tanks covered with Portland or Roman cement in the
manner above described do not corrode but preserve water put into them

page_text: fresh, clear, and sweet for a very much longer time than iron tanks not
so covered.
My said Invention will also be of great practical utility when applied
to iron tanks and tank filters, and to the inside and outside surfaces of
the bottoms of iron ships, and in other cases when it is desired to cover
with cement iron and other substances to which cement will not
otherwise adhere in order to protect such substances from the action of
air and water, or for other reasons.
And now having described the nature of my said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim, the
method of attaching Roman or Portland or other like cements to iron
and other substances in the manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Frederick Crease, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of April, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
JOHN FREDERICK CREASE. (L.S.)