Improvements in Grates Provided with Means and Apparatus for Heating Air and Water.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Mar., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 1st Jan., 189G-Accepted, 22nd Feb., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Grates Provided with Means and Apparatus for
Heating Air and Water.
WILLIAM FRASER Engineer Glenholme Anderton Road Sparkbrook
Birmingham do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to heating appliances for public & domestic use.
In carrying out this invention construct a jacketed shell or grate capable of
holding a considerable quantity of water for the purpose of wholly or partially
surrounding the combustion chamber or the compartment where the fuel ís
consumed.
The water compartment is intersected by a number of tubos for the purpose of
allowing the air to pass thro' the same & thereby extracting the heat from the
water.
I prefer to make the jacketed part of the grate in two distinct parts both
connected with each other by means of pipes or otherwise, the connections being so
arranged that the warm water is conveyed from the top or uppermost part of the
one and discharged to the bottom of the other, the water is thereby enabled to
circulate from one compartment to the other and from top to bottom of both.
The heat & smoke are conveyed from the combustion chamber over as large au
area as possible and can be drawn either from the top or bottom or right thro' the
centre of the shell or all combined can work together, the said heating surface
being so arranged that all the heat is extracted by the water before it makes its
exit into the chimney.
The combustion chamber is so arranged that it can be made to burn the fuel as
an ordinary grate or by means of slow combustion, the air can be partially or
completely cut off by means of close fitting doors & dampera. The apparatus is
fitted with a float & water guage, the former to work automatic by turning on the
supply when water is required. It is also fitted with one or more safety valves
which discharges the steam (should any generate) or any superfluous water into the
combustion chamber.
The front doors are fitted with mica so that the fire can be seen if desired, and
the whole appliance is covered with a perforated case or other suitable covering fitted
with a door that can be locked; the reason for which is obvious. The furnace
front & bottom is so arranged that it can be removed at will for the purpose of
cleaning the flues, the bottom of the grate being so arranged that the clinker
can be dropped into the ash pan without opening the doors.
February 28th 1895.

page_text: Improvements in Grates Provided with Means and Apparatus for
Heating Air and Water.
WILLIAM FRASER Engineer 99 Anderton Road Sparkbrook Birmingham
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to water jacketed grates for superheating the air before
entering the apartments also economising fuel and obtaining more perfect
ventilation.
In carrying out this invention I construct a grate surrounded by a water jacket
or shell capable of holding a considerable quantity of water for the purpose of
wholly or partially surrounding the combustion chamber or the compartment where
the fuel is consumed.
The water compartment is intersected with a number of tubes for allowing the air
to pass through, thereby becoming heated in transit and emerging into the apartment
at a high temperature.
By this arrangement of free ventilation and superheating the air, there is a total
absence of draught from either doors or windows, and the air is always kept pure
and at any desired temperature.
The apparatus is fitted with close fitting doors and can be transformed into a
slow combustion stove at will. The dampers are close fitting and by ineuns of some
the heat can be drawn either underneath the water jacket or over the top, or by
having both dampers drawn the heat will travel round the jacket both from above
and below at the same time. By the latter the temperature of the water can
be increased very much sooner if a good fire is kept going. The grate can be
constructed to convey the superheated air to any specific place or apartment by
means of pipes or flues to convey it thither or the hot water or steam generated in
the jacket can be conveyed by means of suitably constructed pipes to any other
room, bed-room or the like and by means of a return pipe the hot circulation would
be kept going on the same principle as an ordinary hot water or steam radiator.
The same principle is also applicable for public buildings, schools, horticultural
purposes and the like. The grate is supplied with air either from the front or back
and conveyed underneath the floor or otherwise and enters the tubes from the
bottom end, then passing through same makes its exit into an air chamber at the
top of the grate and then takes a downward journey along the outside of the front,
back and sides of the water shell or jacket and finally enters the room or apartment
at the bottom of the grate or floor level. The shell or water jacket is encased in a
sheet iron or other suitable casement allowing an intervening space all round for
the air to make the downward journey. The air chamber referred to at the top of
the grate can be increased to any size and fitted if desired with a series of tubes
whereby the steam or hot water from the jacket can circulate and thereby increase
the temperature in the air chamber. The said coil or coils being placed
immediately above the upright air tubes in the jacket and surrounded by a casing
sufficiently high to convey the air over the uppermost tube of the said coils before
taking the downward or final journey. The supply of water to the grate can be
effected either by means of a cistern or attached to the water-main and regulated
by ball-cock float, or otherwise. A glass tube similar to those in steam boilers is
attached to the jacket front and protected by the outside casing of the grate to
enable anyone to see at a glance the quantity of water in the jacket. To prevent
explosion, there are two safety tubes one ou each side of the combustion chamber
to allow any pressure that may generate in the jacket to escape into same.

page_text: Figure II represents a like view of Figure I but partly in section.
Figure I represents a ground plan of Figures 1 and 11.
Figure IV represents a ground plan of the hearth and back wall of a house.
Figure represents a side section of Figure IV also showing a side section of
Figures I, II and III.
Figure VI and VII are modifications of Figures I II III IV and V.
Figures VIII IX X aud XI are also modifications of Figures I II III IV
and V.
Figure XII represents the ground plan of a green-house showing how the hot
air is distributed by means of perforated pipes.
Figures XIII XIV XV and XVI are also modifications of Figures I II III IV
and V.
Figures XVII XVIII XIX and XX are also modifications of Figures I II III
IV and V.
The same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the other figures
of the drawing.
Referring to Figure VA is the grating for admitting the air to the air shaft.
B is the air shaft. C is the air chamber for receiving and distributing the air into
the upright tubes. D is the tubes for conveying the air through the interior of the
water-jacket. E is the air chamber where all the air tabes discharge; tho said
chamber cau be increased to any height or size as required to suit the various
modifications. E' and E' is the intervening space between the outside casing and
the water jacket whereby the air takes the downward journey before escaping into
the house. F is the outside casing and G is the water-jacket and A' is a 9* brick
wall H is the smoke ontlet.
Referring to Figure IV B is the outlet of the air shaft for supplying the tubes
marked D in Figure V with air.
Referring to Figure 1 F is the outside casing I is the ventilators for allowing
the hot air access into the room. J is the marble slab on the top of the grate and
covers the air chamber E as shown in Figure V. K is a balanced door hung upon
weights or otherwise and can be pushed up or down at will to cover the fire hole.
K' is one of the two weights to balance same.
At the back of the two front panels of the outside casing marked F. F' respec-
tively are two sliding doors the handles of each are marked K and K' respectively,
by pushing said handles towards one another and pulling the shutter K down the
grate can be completely closed and converted into a slow combustion stove. L is
the combustion chamber and I, the front fire-bars L is the ash pau. M is a run-
off cock N is the water guago glass O is the handle of a damper for regulating the
flow or supply of air through the tubes marked D in Figuro V.
Referring to Figure II P is the soot-box fitted with a damper top and bottom
for regulating the heat round the water jacket both from above and below. E is
the air chamber and O' is the outline of the damper for regulating the air
tubes D.
Referring to Figure III L is the combustion chamber Lis the inside smoke
flue and H is the outlet. E. E. E. and E respectively is the intervening air space
between the outside casing and the water jacket. D is the air tubes.
Referring to Figure VI and VII instead of the air being drawn through the
tubes the fire or heat from the combustion chamber is conveyed through the same
and the smoke escapes at H. L is the combustion chamber and D¹ is the tubes.
The grate being surrounded by an outside casing similar to Figuros I and II and
marked F.
Referring to Figures VIII and IX the pipes marked R. R. R and R respectively
is the coils for circulating the steam or hot water and thereby increasing the
temperature of the air in the air chamber marked E. It is obvious that they can
bo placed in a variety of different ways other than shewn.

page_text: Referring to Figures X and XI the tubes marked D' D'D' and D' respectively
are for drawing the heat and Hame crossways through the water jacket the smoke
being conveyed to the back between two casings. The air tubes marked D are
the same as in Figures II III and V.
Referring to Figure XII J is the top of the grate D and D' respectively is
the pipes conveying the hot air from the grate and D' is the perforations on the
top side of same for allowing the hot air to escape amongst the plants in the
green-house.
Referring to Figures XIII and XIV the tubes marked D and D' the flame is
drawn through same from top and bottom respectively and make their exit at Pi
into the smoke flue H. The damper marked P when in its place covers the
hole P and thereby prevents the heat from getting through the water jacket
marked G in Figure XIV.
Referring to Figures XV and XVI they are a modification of Figures XIII
and XIV the principal difference being that the fire is brought from the bottom
end of the water jacket G right through same and out at the top-end and the
smoke conveyed to outlet H.
Referring to Figures XVII and XVIII the heat and flame is drawn in at the
sides marked S. S respectively and passes right up through the water jacket at
each side and escapes down the back fluo narked H.
Referring to Figures XIX and XX they are a modification of Figures XV
and XVI but conveying the smoke below the level of the floor and are suitable
for a shop office, or the like where there is no upright smoke shaft. It is quite
immeterial as to how and where the superheated air is admitted into the apartment
or allowed to escape from the outer casing. Instead of being admitted at the
floor level it can be admitted at either top, bottom or sides of same or, through
a perforated top instead of a marble slab or, the said slab can be supported upon
a number of pillars, thereby allowing the air to escape from underneath same into
the room.
Having now described and ascertained the nature of my said invention and,
in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
First. A water jacketed shell or grate with a series of tubes running vertically
through same for the purpose of conveying air into a private house or public
building or the like whereby the said air becomes superheated in transit by means
of the said air tubes being surrounded by hot water or steam thereby extracting
the heat from the fuel when consumed in a combustion chamber, constructed
according to my invention, and in turn conveying same to the air tubes D whereby
the air becomes superheated by coming into contact with same, and all for the
purpose already described and set forth in Figures I II and III in the accompanying
drawings.
Second. A combustion chamber L constructed with flues I and surrounded by
a water jacket or jackets G with dampers fitted in soot box P for regulating and
controlling the heat from the fuel and causing same to be drawn either top or
bottom or both for the purposo of raising the temperature of water or generating
steam for superheating air in transit through a series of pipes constructed according
my invention and set forth and shewn in Figures 1 11 111 of the accompanying
drawings.
to
Third. An outside casing for surrounding a water jacketed grate, for the
purpose of causing the superhoated air drawn through the tubes D to take a
return or downward journey between the said casing and the water jacket thereby
increasing the temperature of the air before entering the apartment as already
described and set forth,
Fourth. An air shaft B as shewn in Figures IV and V with air receiving
chambers C for conveying the air from the outside to the tubes D us described and
set forth.
Fifth. In having doors K constructed and hung or otherwise for the purpose of

page_text: converting the heating apparatus into a slow combustion one as already described
and set forth in Figures I 11 and III in the accompanying drawings.
Sixth. A modification constructed and arranged as shewn and set forth in
Figures VI and VII with tubes D' & outlet H₁.
Seventh. A modification constructed and arranged as shewn and set forth in
Figures VIII and IX with a superheating coil R either in a vertical or horizontal
position or with a flow and return pipe from top and bottom to convey the hot
water or steam to any portion of a house or building as already described and set
forth.
Eighth. A modification constructed and arranged as shewn in Figures X and XI
with horizontal tubes D' (in the back water jacket Figure X) and also in the side
jackets Figure XI tubes D' for the purpose of drawing the heat and flame through
the said jacket into side smoke flues instead of conveying same to the back.
Ninth. A modification constructed and arranged suitable for a green house as
shewn in Figure XII the perforated pipes D' for conveying the air to the various
parts of the house. The heating apparatus J can be constructed according to
either of the figures already mentioned.
Tenth. A modification constructed & arranged with vertical pipes D' whoreby
the heat & flame can be drawn through the aperture P¹ for cleaning out the
tubes D'.
Eleventh. A modification constructed & arranged as shewn in Figures XV & XVI
with water jacket G & outlet H.
Twelfth. A modification constructed & arranged as shewn in Figures XVII
& XVIII, with side flues S. S. and outlet H.
Thirteenth. Modifications constructed & arranged as shewn in Figures XIX
& XX with smoke outlet.
Fourteenth. A combination of either of the various parts already described &
set forth in the accompanying drawings, conjointly-separate-or otherwise for the
purpose of admitting air for the better ventilation of buildings, the same to be
superheated by means of passing thro' a series of tubes flues or otherwise,
surrounded by water as fully described and illustrated in the various figures set
forth in the accompanying drawings.
December 31st 1895.
WILLIAM FRASER,