matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL AND OTHER METALS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Brown Wilson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
April 1863.
I, EDWARD BROWN WILSON, of 5, Parliament Street, in the City of West-
minster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL AND OTHER METALS,
AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of iron, steel, and other metals,
and consists in blowing into the cupola or melting furnace hydrogen gas, or a
mixture of hydrogen gas with carbonic oxide gas, obtained in any convenient
manner, in conjunction with atmospheric air.
I propose to adopt for the generation of the hydrogen and car-
bonic oxide gases is to direct a blast of atmospheric air in conjunction with
superheated steam through a separate cupola or furnace containing fuel in a
state of incandescence. From this cupola or furnace the gases so obtained
mixed with a certain amount of air, so as to produce either a perfect or an
imperfect combustion of the gases, as desired, pass into the cupola or melting
furnace, which is charged with the metal or ores to be reduced. The combined
blast may be continued until the metal is refined.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING BRICKS AND TILES, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR WASHING AND DRYING CLAY
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Cavanah and John Cavanah
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 28th October 1863.
We, JAMES CAVANAH and JOHN CAVANAH, both of 21, Parron Street,
Paddington, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR MAKING BRICKS AND TILES, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR WASHING AND DRYING CLAY,"
to be as follows:-
This improvement consists of a hollow cylinder or hopper made in wood, or
iron, or any other suitable metal. In the side of this hopper is a groove or
grooves, through which a sliding press is attached, working upwards and
downwards inside. When this hopper is charged with clay, this press, with
the application of cog wheels and rack or pulley, forces the clay through a
sieve. At the bottom of the hopper or cylinder is a sliding table with
moveable moulds for the reception of the bricks or tiles when being pressed.
This movement is worked also with wheel and rack or pulley. The clay is
washed by placing it into suitable receptacles with water. Fan wheels and
cutters are employed, or any other movements which may be considered best,
so placed in the water as to work the whole material into a fluid state. When
in this state it is passed off through pipes or troughs and iron sieves into pits
or other suitable receptacles. The stove or oven is constructed with brick,
stone, iron, or any other metal, and heated with hot air, fire, or steam. The
damp bricks or tiles, if necessary, are passed into this stove and are partially
or wholly dried before being finally burnt.

page_text: We do not confine ourselves to wash all the clays, as clay tempered in the
common way can be used for rougher work, nor yet to the size or shape of
the hopper, the oven, or stove.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WINDING AND MEASURING LACE
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Sibert at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd March
1863.
I, JOHN SIBERT, of Nottingham, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature
of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WINDING AND MEASURING
LACE," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for winding
and measuring lace. The Invention is applicable to that class of winding and
measuring apparatus known as measuring jennies, wherein the winding is on
to forks. For these purposes motion is communicated to the axis of a fork
similar in respect to the winding blades or prongs to those ordinarily used, but
there are two other prongs set at right angles to those on which the winding
takes place; these additional prongs are set at a less distance apart than the
ordinary ones, and generally somewhat more than half their distance apart.
The lace to be wound and measured is conducted over a guide rail, and
between two pins or guides on to the surface of a cylinder, which is hollow,
and made as light as may be. The periphery or surface of the cylinder is
covered with woollen cloth, velvet, vulcanized india-rubber, or other suitable
holding material. The lace then passes between the surface of the cylinder'
and a small pressing roller, which is kept pressed up to the cylinder. The
lace then descends between two guiding surfaces, between which the lace wil
not descend without being drawn through at the same time; the two surfaces
do not offer such resistance to the passage of the lace as to require any

page_text: material force to draw it through the space. By this means if the lace
becomes slack between the cylinder and the guides, such slack will not extend
to the fork on to which the lace is wound. The rotation of the fork draws
the lace through the space between the guides and off the cylinder, by which,
when the speed of winding is considerable, the cylinder is liable to overrun
and produce slack. The two guides are arranged to be readily adjusted to
and from the cylinder, and so as readily to admit of their distance from the
cylinder being varied. On the axis of the cylinder there is a worm or screw
wheel, which takes into and drives a worm or screw wheel, which gives motion
either to a graduated dial or to a pointer acting with a fixed graduated dial.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS, ESPECIALLY APPLI- CABLE TO THE BURNING OF HYDROCARBONS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Pomeroy Button at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th October 1863.-A communication from abroad by William Painter,
of Fallston, Harford County, Maryland, United States of America.
I, CHARLES POMEROY BUTTON, of the Patent Hydropult Office, 27,
Leadenhall Street, in the City of London, Merchant, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS, ESPECIALLY APPLI-
CABLE TO THE BURNING OF HYDROCARBONS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to lainps to be used without a chimney, and
it consists in constructing them in manner hereafter stated in order to their
burning petroleum and other bydrocarbons without smoke or smell, and at the
same time without heating the oil so as to cause explosion. On to a suitable
reservoir for the oil I fit a cap closed except to the passage through it of a wick-
holder tube, and containing within it the spiked wheels or rollers for raising and
lowering the wick. On the cap I place an inverted conical-shaped gallery
with horizontal slots or other apertures made to break joint; these slots are
for the double purpose of admitting air inside the gallery and for cutting off
or preventing the spread of heat from the upper part of the gallery down to
the cap, and thence to the reservoir and its contents. The gallery is open at
top, and from the upper edge, at two points opposite each other, I carry up a
strip of metal, and carry down the inner ends of these strips at an angle
inclining towards each other, and approaching the sides of the top of the wick-
holder tube; from the sides of the strips where they begin to descend 1 carry

page_text: on each side an inclined plate; the plates approach. each other at top and
above the wick-holder tube, and are carried down to just below the top of
that tube extending at bottom outwards from it. Air has access both at top
and bottom to these plates, which, instead of being made in parts, may be
formed in one, and which act as guards and deflectors, and so direct the air
that neither smoke nor smell arises in the burning of hydrocarbons, neither
can an ordinary current of air or wind extinguish the light.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRACELETS AND BROOCHES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Henry Jones and John
Abrahall at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 3rd March 1863.
We, RICHARD HENRY JONES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Jeweller, and JOHN ABRAHALL, of Birmingham aforesaid, Jeweller, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRACELETS AND
BROOCHES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in so constructing bracelets and brooches that the
locket or part carrying the stone or principal ornament may be reversed
without removing the bracelet from the arm or the brooch from the dress, so
as to display at pleasure either of the two portraits or other articles carried by
the locket of the bracelet or brooch, or either of the two stones or ornaments
carried by the bracelet or brooch. In connecting the locket or frame carrying
the stones or other ornaments to the bracelet or brooch, we do not make the
ends of the axis engage with the ring in which the reversible locket or frame
turns, as in the ordinary swivel brooch, but we engage the ends of the locket
or frame axis in holes formed in two bars capable of sliding in tubes outside
the said ring. The said tubes are at right angles to the plane of the locket.
By this arrangement the locket or frame is capable of being raised above the
ring, and the locket or frame may be reversed or swivelled without removing
the bracelet from the arm or the brooch from the dress. After the locket or
frame has been reversed, the rods in which its axis turns are pushed into their
tubes or cases, when the locket or frame is depressed upon the bracelet or

page_text: brooch. The said rods may be provided with spring catch fastenings to hold
them securely in their places when depressed. Instead of the rods described,
an inner ring sliding within the fixed ring may be employed, the said inner
ring being capable of rising and falling in the fixed ring. The axis of the
locket or frame turns in the said sliding ring.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR CHURNING
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Evangeli Lelios at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd July
1863.
I, EVANGELI LELIOS, of Threadneedle Street, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR CHURNING," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of certain improved apparatus for churning, whereby
any quantity of butter may be made at one operation by means of certain
mechanism working any number of churns simultaneously, according to the
space available for the purpose. I propose to construct a framework of iron
or wood, of a square or oblong square form, set on standards, and to place in
bearings therein a horizontal driving shaft to be worked by steam power or
other means; this shaft is furnished with a toothed wheel fixed on its centre,
gearing into other toothed wheels fixed on shafts, one on each side of and
parallel to the central shaft. These shafts are furnished with cams, pins, or
pegs fixed at intervals and at requisite distances apart, in order that they may
raise a corresponding series of rocking levers, the other ends of which are
attached to the vertical rods or beaters of a series of churns, which are thereby
caused to descend at each revolution of the shafts into the churns, so as to
agitate the cream and make the butter. A counterweight on each rocking
lever serves to bring down their ends to the cams, pins, or pegs, and to raise
the agitators from the churns ready for the next operation of the cams, pins,
or pegs. The opposite or corresponding shaft on the other side of the central

page_text: shaft is furnished with similar cams, pins, or pegs, rocking levers, agitators,
and churns, and is caused to rotate in the proper direction by means of an
extra toothed wheel. According to the length of the apparatus any number of
churns may be operated that may be desired, so that. with sufficient power to
actuate the driving or main-shaft a very large quantity of butter may be made
in as short a space of time as that occupied by working a single churn. When
it is desired to operate upon only a limited number of churns in a large
machine, the side shafts may be constructed in portions and connected and
disconnected by clutches, whereby a portion of the shafts may be thrown out
of gear, leaving only any desired number of churns in actual operation, each
portion or division of the shafts being properly supported in bearings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR SUPPLY- ING WATER TO WATERCLOSETS AND URINALS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Cordon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th November
1863.
I, CHARLES CORDON, of Nottingham, Plumber, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR SUPPLY-
ING WATER TO WATERCLOSETS AND URINALS," to be as follows:-
The improvements apply particularly to cases in which the cistern for
supplying water to a watercloset is provided with a flushing chamber, and in
which there are consequently two valves, one of which is required to be kept
closed except when the other valve is acted upon for flushing; and the object
is to obtain simplicity in the arrangement of the parts working the valves.
For this purpose the valves are connected to the ends of arms formed on the
opposite sides of an axis, which is weighted on that side to which the valve is
hung, which is generally required to be kept closed; and the weight is provided
with a stop, which by resting on the edge of the cistern regulates the depth of
its descent; and this stop is covered with india-rubber or other suitable
elastic substance to prevent noise and reaction. The arms, axis, and weight
are by preference formed in one piece, and the axis is at one end pivotted to
pass into a hole in a projection rising above the one side of the cistern, whilst
the other end of the axis is provided with a neck to rest in a recess formed
in a corresponding projection rising from the opposite side of the cistern.
Similar apparatus is also applicable to urinals, as also to cisterns where one
valve only is used, but in that case one arm only would be required to the axis,
and that on the weighted side of it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ATMOSPHERIC OR PNEUMATIC RAILWAYS AND LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES TO BE USED IN CONNECTION THEREWITH
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Remington at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
November 1863.
I, GEORGE REMINGTON, of Haverstock Hill, in the County of Middlesex,
Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ATMOSPHERIC OR PNEUMATIC
RAILWAYS AND LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES TO BE USED IN CONNECTION THEREWITH," to
be as follows:
My Invention consists in certain improvements in atmospheric or pneu-
matic railways, and I propose to use stationary steam or other power engines,
placed at given intervals along the line of railway, and to have a tube or
main which may be of the construction heretofore adopted for atmospheric
railways, with a continuous vent or slit covered in the ordinary manner, or
otherwise.
I also purpose to construct a pneumatic engine, having a pair of cylinders,
as in a locomotive steam engine, but of larger diameter, with pistons, piston
rods, and a crank or cranks to give motion to the driving wheels of such
engine. The cylinders of the engine are to be connected together by a chest
or air chamber, which is to be continually kept open with the atmospheric
or pemematic main aforesaid, and (by the regulation of the slide by the
eccentric action and gear as in the locomotive steam engine) covering and
uncovering the ports or inlets to the cylinders, the difference of pressure
between the external air and that in the main is brought to bear on the
pistons, whereby locomotive power of great force is produced.

page_text: I further purpose, in some cases, instead of having a continuous slit along
the main covered by plates and leather hinges, or bands, to have vents or
valves at intervals, which vents may be kept covered by valves to be raised
and closed as the locomotive engine passes over them, and the engine also
carries a slide box, two of the vents along the main being always. kept open
to it, and to the air chest of the locomotive engine. In some cases I would
employ disc valves to cover the vents or openings along the main, in other
cases slide valves, and in other cases valves like the keys of a flute.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR COLLECTING THE CONDENSED STEAM OR WASTE WATER PROM PLACES WHERE STEAK IS USED, AND RETURNING THE SAME TO THE BOILER
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Whittles at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th March
1868.
I, HENRY WHITTLES, of Milnrow, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR COLLECTING THE CONDENSED STEAM OR WASTE
WATER PROM PLACES WHERE STEAK IS USED, AND RETURNING THE SAME TO THE
BOILER," to be as follows:-
I cause the waste steam to be passed through one or more pipes (and valves
adapted to the pressure) to a compound box or chamber, having in it a float
attached by a rod and chain or cord to a balance wheel, to which is fixed one
or more pins or tumblers. The top of the compound box is connected by a
pipe with the steam part of the boiler, and the pipe is provided with a tap for
opening and closing the communication, which tap is connected to a lever in
contact with another lever capable of being acted upon by the pins or tumblers
on the balance wheel. At the bottom of the compound box there is a pipe
and valve communicating with the lower part of the boiler. As the water
from the waste steam collects in the compound box the float rises and turns
the balance wheel, which causes one of the pins or tumblers to act upon the
the levers and open the tap in the upper pipe, and form a communication
between the boiler and compound box, and allow steam from the boiler to

page_text: press upon the water collected in the compound box, and force it through the
lower pipe into the lower part of the boiler, and thereby empty the contents of
the box into the boiler.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREWING OR PREPARING BEVERAGES FROM MALT AND HOPS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Carpenter Pooley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
September 1863.
I, JOHN CARPENTER POOLEY, of George Street, Bath, in the County of
Somerset, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BREWING OR PREPARING BEVERAGES FROM MALT AND HOPS,"
to be as follows:-
My improvements in brewing or preparing beverages from malt and hops
consist in, to a certain extent, distilling the malt and hops together instead of
simply boiling as usual, or it may be the hops or malt only that is partially
distilled, or they may be distilled separately for the same brewing. For this
purpose I put a suitable still head on the vessel in which the malt and hops
are boiled, and carry over and condense the vapours in a suitable worm tube,
which I do for a longer or shorter time, but in any case it is only partial
distillation. The product resulting from the distillation I mix again with the
whole brewing. It may not be necessary to continue the boiling longer than
it is ordinarily conducted, but in either case all the vapours are collected,
condensed, and mixed with the other extract of the malt and hops, by which
means the very finest flavour of the malt and hops are secured and added to
the brewing, which it greatly improves; whereas, if boiled open, as in
ordinary, the whole of the finest flavouring properties pass off in the vapour or
steam and are lost.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR AERIAL LOCOMOTION
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Reda de Saint Martin at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th December 1863.
I, HENRY REDA DE SAINT MARTIN, of 10, Old Compton Street, Soho, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR AERIAL LOCOMOTION," to be as follows:-
My Invention resolves itself mainly into the two following parts;-
Firstly, an apparatus having a respiratory action which gives it an ascen-
sional momentum; and,
Secondly, an apparatus of propeller wheels combined and manoeuvred in
such wise as to enable the aeronaut to move and guide himself in any
direction.
The inflational apparatus, or, in fact, "lungs," for it is strictly analogous in
its action to the parts so called in the animal structure, notably in birds,
consists of two inflatable bags composed of any light suitable material, pre-
senting the appearance of flattened half rings, or they may assume a more or
less elongated semi-elliptical or other convenient shape on the upper and
under surfaces. To these surfaces are affixed light thin rigid frames, the
upper frame being left free to rise and fall with every inflation and collapsion
of the said bags or "lungs." In the centre of these two half rings, placed in
such a manner as to constitute a complete circle, I propose to fix a suitable
apparatus for the purpose of generating hot air. Pipes connect the hot air
chamber with the "lungs" and convey at will, by means of valves, the heated
air from the former to the latter.

page_text: I design the hot air apparatus or engine to serve as a power for imparting
motion to the propeller wheels connected with the second part of my Inven-
tion. There may be one pair of disks or circular propellers acting in the fore
part of my aerostatical apparatus, or there may be two pairs of such propellers,
one pair in the fore part and another pair in the hinder part of the apparatus.
These propellers are to be in the form of helixes, more or less inclined to the
plane of the horizon. The propeller shaft is turned by means of a pair of
cogged wheels which are in communication with the hot air engine, by whose
power they are made to revolve. The action of these wheels is similar to
what is termed the "planet and satellite" motion, the propeller being
in immediate connection with the "satellite," the whole presenting a com-
bination of movements resembling the actions of a man when in the act of
swimming.
When the aeronaut is raised and supported in the air by the action of the
aforesaid "lungs" the peculiar movement of the propellers, which act in
harmony with the inflation and collapsion of the "lungs," and are completely
under control, enables the aeronaut to regulate and accommodate the machine
to the exigencies of his position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS CONDENSORS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Thomas Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd September 1863.-A communication from abroad by John Brunt
and Alexander Renaux, Engineers, of 13, Rue Gaillon, Paris, in the
Empire of France.
I, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes and Son, Patent
Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS CONDENSORS," a communication to
me from abroad by John Brunt and Alexander Renaux, Engineers, of 13,
Rue Gaillon, Paris, in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in a novel construction or arrangement of parts
with the view of obtaining a rapid and effective condensation of gas for
lighting and other purposes. The condensor is composed in the abstract of
two constitutive parts, the one consisting in a series of tubes and the other in
a jacket or cylinder enveloping the same; these two parts are united by head
plates, so that they can be traversed by two separate currents of gas or air
having no immediate connection with each other, one of the said currents
being made to pass through the tubes whilst the other circulates in the space
existing between the exterior of the tubes and the inside of the jacket. For
the purpose of this Invention, one or other of these two passages can be used
either for the gas or the air, and the gas being introduced at an opening into
one extremity of the jacket flows out at the opposite extremity, whilst the
air entering freely through the base of the apparatus into the tubes which

page_text: are not occupied by the gas becomes gradually charged with the caloric
abandoned by the gas, and consequently rises in a constant and rapid current
which can be increased if necessary by the addition of a chimney. When
desirable this natural draught is replaced either by forcing a current of air in
the apparatus at its base or by applying suction to its upper extremity and
thereby exhausting rapidly the air from the apparatus, creating an artificial
draught which can be increased or diminished at liberty.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REVERSING THE MOTION OF LOCOMOTIVES AND OTHER STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Macklin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
December 1868.
I, WILLIAM MACKLIN, of Lincoln, in the County of Lincolnshire,
Engineering Draughtsman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REVERSING THE MOTION OF LOCOMOTIVES
AND OTHER STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This improved apparatus for reversing the motion of locomotives, traction,
and other steam engines, consists in the employment of a metal cylinder bored
out to fit the crank shaft, having two eccentrics (one at each end) if for a
double cylinder engine, or one eccentric if for a single cylinder engine. On the
opposite sides of this cylinder there are two inclined or spiral slots, and two
straight grooves are cut on opposite sides of the crank shaft. On the outer
side of the cylinder there is a sliding clutch or collar having two internal
projecting pins which pass through the inclined slots of the cylinder into the
straight grooves in the crank shaft, a backward or forward motion being
given to the clutch or collar by a forked lever; the pins traversing in the
straight grooves of the crank shaft and in the spiral slots of the cylinder
causes the latter to revolve and bring the eccentrics into such a position as to
move the slide valves and reverse the motion of the engine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRILLS OR MACHINES FOR DEPOSITING SEED AND MANURE
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Smith and John Smith
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, ou
the 9th February 1863.
We, HENRY SMITH and JOHN SMITH, both of Bury St. Edmund's, in the
County of Suffolk, Implement Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRILLS OR MACHINES FOR DEPOSITING SEED
AND MANURE," to be as follows:-
Our Invention of improvements in drills or machines for depositing seed
and manure has for its object to arrange and construct the several parts of the
machine in such a manner that the tins or funnels for conveying the seed
or manure down to the coulters may hang straight down, and be less liable to
become deranged or put out of order than heretofore. To this end we propose
to employ two sets of hoppers, and to divide the coulters into two sets, one of
which is placed behind the axle as heretofore, and the other set before the axle.
By this means the coulters with their tins and chains are kept more distant
from each other, and there is less liability of their interfering with each others'
working. This arrangement of the coulters also very considerably lightens
the draught of the machine, and enables the operator to pass over land in
almost any state of roughness, as there will be abundance of room for clods,
unburied manure, and other impeding obstacles on the ground to pass between
the coulters.
Another improvement consists in raising the coulter bars by means of an
arrangement of parallel levers which will lift the bars up in a straight line
instead of in a curve. By this means any derangement of the tins when passing

page_text: over uneven surfaces will be effectually prevented, and the two sets of coulters
will always remain an equal distance from each other and also from the ground.
Another improvement relates to a novel kind of press which when applied
to our improved drill will have the effect of relieving the shaft horse from a very
considerable amount of the weight which is thrown on his back by using the
ordinary press drill. The improved press consists of a toothed rack attached to
the axletree with a ratchet, a rod from which passes to the handles at the back
of the drill, and is so placed that the press can be most easily and instantly
applied.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christopher Shorrock and William
Shorrock at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 1st September 1863.
We, CHRISTOPHER SHORROCK, Manufacturer, and WILLIAM SHORROCK,
Manager, both of Over Darwen, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
or thin
Our Invention is designed for the purpose of preventing "cracks
places and "tapes" or thick places in weaving calico and other similar fabrics
in the ordinary loom, and consists in the use of a sliding pawl or catch acting
upon the ratchet wheel, by which the "cloth beam" is turned through the
"taking-up motion." When the loom is stopped before again commencing to
weave, it is necessary to "reverse" to prepare the open "shed" to receive the
weft in its proper position; this reverse motion is effected by means of the
sliding catch, which allows the ratchet wheel to reverse the extent of such
motion, being regulated by the length of slide given to the catch, which is
made adjustable to allow it to slip over one or more teeth of the ratchet
wheel. In order to effect the perfect action of the sliding catch the ordinary
catches and pawls now in use are lifted or disconnected from the ratchet by
means of carrier fingers coupled to rods in connection with the stop motion of
the loom. For ordinary stoppages of the loom when the weft is not broken,.
we employ the use of a second ratchet wheel secured upon the ordinary
ratchet shaft to which our improved sliding catch is applied, and which. is

page_text: actuated by a small finger in connection with the lever acted upon by the
stopping motion. When weaving by hand the lever or finger in connection
with the catch and pawl actuating the taking-up ratchet is disconnected from
the self-acting stopping motion by means of a vertical slide on such finger,
such slide when in action being. lowered and placed in position ready to receive
and be acted upon by an inclined finger fixed to the handle in connection with
the stopping motion.
A second part of our improvements consists in the employment and use of a
central or intermediate stop "weft fork," similar in description to and placed
between those now used at each side of the loom; by this arrangement the
stoppage of the loom is more quickly effected when the weft becomes dis-
united or broken after passing the ordinary "weft fork."
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF COCOA AND CHOCOLATE
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Riley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th April
1863.
I, SAMUEL RILEY, of Oldham, in the County of Lancashire, Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF COCOA AND CHOCOLATE," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in the application (as a compound for commercial
purposes) of coffee or its extract or essence with cocoa its essence or extract,
or its husks, all or singular; also in the application of such combination or
combinations with taraxacum, chicory, or calcined sugar their essences or
extracts, all or singular, which compound may be prepared by the mixing of
coffee and cocoa or the husks of cocoa or coffee and cocoa, or the husks of
cocoa with taraxacum, or chicory, or calcined sugar in various proportions, or
it may be prepared by the mixing various proportions of all the said articles,
I prefer however a mixture compounded of nine-sixteenth parts of cocoa, with
five-sixteenth parts of coffee, and two-sixteenth parts of taraxacum or chicory,
which I grind or pound first separately, and then together, in the manner or
form usually adopted in the preparation of ordinary compounded cocoa. In
this form I designate it "coffeeized cocoa or chocolate." If a liquid compound
be required, I mix the essences or extracts in the same proportions either by
weight or measurement as in preparing the other, in which form I designate
it "coffeeized essence of cocoa or chocolate.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS OR MEANS FOR LESSENING THE RECOIL OF CANNON
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen Moulton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th April
1863.
I, STEPHEN MOULTON, of Bradford, in the County of Wilts, India-rubber
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS OR MEANS FOR LESSENING THE RECOIL OF CANNON," to be as
follows:-
the apparatus or the
This Invention has for its object improvements in
means employed for lessening the recoil of cannon. For this purpose one
part of my Invention consists in the application of a "break" to the wheels
or axle of the gun carriage. The particular construction of "break" which
I prefer to employ for this purpose, although I do not confine myself thereto,
consists of a central shaft passing through the cheeks of the gun carriage, to
which is attached a lever acting upon two clamps (or other form of friction
surface) which clutch a drum or roller fixed to each axle of the carriage wheels,
the pressure of the clamps being tempered by the action of india-rubber or
other suitable "draw" springs.
Another part of my Invention consists in attaching an elastic ring or rings of
india-rubber within an iron or other metal ring, by preference of oblong form,
fixed to each end of the hawser of a ship's gun at the parts where such hawser
is fastened to the ship's side or deck, and to the side of the gun carriage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES USED IN MACHINES EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LACE OR OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen Bates and John Jardine
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 30th May 1863.
We, STEPHEN BATES and JOHN JARDINE, both of Radford, in the County of
Nottingham, Bobbin and Carriage Manufacturers, do hereby declare the
nature. of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES USED IN
MACHINES EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LACE OR OTHER FABRICS," to be
as follows:-
Heretofore carriages employed in machines for the manufacture of lace or
other fabrics have been made of iron or brass; the former especially has
many inconveniences by reason of its flaws or imperfections, and the latter
has been much complained of for want of durability; whereas our Invention
consists in the employment of steel, whether cast or otherwise, in the manu-
facture of carriages employed in machines for the manufacture of lace or other
fabrics, by which means we obtain additional strength and durability, and also
diminish friction while the carriages are in operation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Thomas Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th May 1863.-A communication from abroad by Thomas Luders,
Engineer, of No. 13, Rue Gaillon, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes and Son, Patent
Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF
MOTIVE POWER," a communication to me from abroad by Thomas Luders,
Engineer, of No. 13, Rue Gaillon, Paris, in the Empire of France, to be as
follows:-
These improvements relate to the transmission of power by means of
pulleys and a flexible belt, and consist in substituting for the ordinary leather,
caoutchouc, or woven belts, a metallic band, preferably of steel, in connection
with wooden pulleys or iron pulleys, the peripheries of which are covered with
one or more folds of leather, caoutchouc, or other appropriate yielding and elastic
substance in order to increase the adhesion of the belt. The extremities of
such metallic belts may be united by brazing or rivetting, and in such cases,
where they require to be of variable lengths, I make use of leather or wire
lacings passing through holes in the metallic belt, bushed with soft metal
eyelets, or they may be united by means of a buckle fastened at one extremity,
and a short piece of leather belting at the other, provided with holes for length-
ening and shortening the belt as may be required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VOLTAIC BELTS AND BANDAGES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at the,
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
March 1863.-A communication from abroad by Florent Babin, of
Paris, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VOLTAIC BELTS AND BANDAGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing belts and bandages composed of a
bi-metallic core, consisting of plates, strips, or blades of metal, one electro-
positive to the other, such as copper and zinc, forming a voltaic battery,
juxtaposed or placed one against the other, and covered with some fabric or
material which will keep them in place, and to which buckles, tapes, or other
means of fastening are applied to secure them to any desired part of the body.
The plates, strips, or blades may be of any form according to the part to
which they are to be applied. The moisture of the body will generally
suffice to excite the bandages to action. In some cases, however, they may
be excited by vinegar, or dilute acid more or less strong. The Inventor gives
the name of volta-hygienic bandages to these new appliances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANO-FORTES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Johuson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
July 1863.
I, BENJAMIN JOHNSON, of Church Street, Camberwell Green, in the County
of Surrey, Piano-forte Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANO-FORTES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in combining an harmonium with a piano-forte in
such a manner as to enable said instruments to be played, either separately in
the ordinary way, or together. I propose to effect this by the following or
equivalent mechanical means, that is to say; when the barınonium only is
required to be played, I bring forward by a pedal or other suitable contrivance
the hammers and dampers of the piano-forte action, and hold them away from
the strings, the keys of the piano-forte will then only act upon the reeds of the
harmonium, the sound from which vibrating upon the strings of the piano-
forte action will be considerably increased. In order to play the two
instruments, the hammers and dampers are pressed back.
Another feature in this Invention consists of an improved mode of playing
octaves on piano-fortes by simply striking one note of each octave by the
following mechanical arrangement:-1 connect diagonally each end of a small
rod of metal to the keys of every octave, and by lowering a horizontal bar, to
which the lower ends of each of said rods is connected, the octave keys

page_text: will thus be connected together, and may be played by striking only one key,
and by raising the aforesaid horizontal bar the octave keys will be disconnected,
and the piano-forte may then be played in the ordinary way, excepting that by
combining the harmonium therewith the power of the piano-forte is very
much increased.
IMPROVEMENTS IN POLISHING PRECIOUS AND OTHER HARD STONES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th April 1863.-A communication from abroad by Victor Emanuel
Tamisier, of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN POLISHING PRECIOUS AND OTHER HARD STONES, AND IN THE
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," a communication from abroad by
Victor Emanuel Tamisier, of Paris, in the Empire of France, to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved mode or method of polishing pieces
of rock containing jasper, puro jasper, and other precious and hard stones, and
consists essentially in the polishing of such substances without the intervention
of polishing powders or substances of any kind between the wheel and the
stone under treatment. The polishing wheel is composed of fine grit stone, and
the dust produced is removed from the stone by a ventilator or brush slightly
wetted being occasionally applied to the wheel for the purpose of preventing
it from overheating. The polishing wheel is mounted upon a vertical spindlo
and is driven at the rate of about 100 revolutions per minute. It is actuated
by a strap and driving pulley, and the spindle, which is steeled at the foot, works
in a steel footstep bearing. This wheel is surrounded by a casing projecting
slightly above its surface, and beneath the wheel there is a species of hopper,
which directs the water from its surface into a resorvoir below. A suitable

page_text: disengaging clutch is employed for instantly stopping the wheel when required.
The material to be polished is contained in a species of square frame or holder,
but is so placed therein as to allow it to rise and fall freely, and so accommodate
itself to any undulations in the surface of the wheel. This holder, of which
one or more may be employed simultaneously, is fitted to a radial bar, which
is secured to the edge of the surrounding casing, the longitudinal edge of tho
bar and side of the frame or holder against which the material 'under treat-
ment is pressed by the action of the rotation of the wheel being in an exact
radial line with the centre of the axis of the wheel. In polishing pieces of
jasper rock of the dimensions of about 4 inches in length by 24 inches in width
and 1 in thickness no pressure beyond that due to the weight of the picco
will be required, but for smaller sizes a slight pressure should be applied;
pieces of a larger size are apt to overheat the wheel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS AND ORDNANCE
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Snider, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th May
1863.
I, JACOB SNIDER, junior, of Dorset Street, in the City of London, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS AND ORDNANCE," to be as follows:-
"
My Invention consists of improvements in the details or parts of breech-
loading fire-arms for which Letters Patent were granted to Alfred Vincent
Newton on the 1st April 1857, No. 907, being communicated to him from
abroad by William Montgomery Storm, of New York, and also to improve-
ments upon the same Invention for which Letters Patent were granted to
William Montgomery Storm, dated 29th November 1860, No. 2933.
My Invention primarily refers to the arrangements for locking and securing
the movable breech-piece or charge chamber. The first part of my Invention
then consists in holding and securing the breech-piece in place by a self-acting
"latch bolt," centered in such manner that the bolt takes into an aperture
provided for its reception so soon as the breech-piece is pressed down by the
hand.
On the discharge of the arm the hammer in falling and striking the nipple
comes so near to one end of the lever to which the latch bolt is attached
as to prevent the bolt leaving the aperture into which it entered when the
breech was closed. The breech is unlocked by pressing a button on the lever
in the contrary direction to that in which it was struck by the hammer, and
the breech is raised by the hand.

page_text: The second part of my Invention consists in making the fire communication
central to the charge chamber. I form a groove or cavity around the point of
ingress within the chamber at the largest diameter thereof for containing
atmospheric air, and which is not closed by the cartridge on its introduction.
By this arrangement all fragments of the old cartridge or wad are expelled at
each discharge of the arm.
The third part of my Invention consists in forming the hinge and breech in
one piece, and in making the hole for the hinge pin oval.
The fourth part of my Invention consists in forming an aperture on the
under surface of the breech (closed by a screw) for the introduction of
lubricating material into the valve chamber.
My
improvements herein-before described are equally applicable to
ordnance.
NEW AND IMPROVED PROPELLERS FOR VESSELS DRIVEN BY STEAM OR OTHER POWER
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Roderick Grogan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th January
1863.
I, RODERICK GROGAN, of 27, Hereford Road North, Bayswater W., do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "NEW AND IMPROVED
PROPELLERS FOR VESSELS DRIVEN BY STEAM OR OTHER POWER," to be as
follows:-
My Invention has for its object improvements in propellers for ships and
other vessels, and consists of certain vanes or blades of a flat, spiral, or other
suitable form, two or more of which are mounted upon or attached to shafts,
cranks, or beams, having either vertical or horizontal axes, and wholly or
partially submerged at or in or partially within the sides, bottom, or stern of
vessels, where the same, when fitted to the required mechanism, (of ordinary
construction) can be made to act as paddles, or take the place of a screw pro-
peller. This propeller may have two vanes only, standing at right angles to
each other, and connected together by a strong round shaft. This double
vane is mounted in a suitable driving shaft having an enlargement bored to
receive the shaft which connects the two vanes. Round the driving shaft
I fix a bevelled cog wheel, & at one side of the double vane I fix another
bevelled cog wheel, the teeth of which gear with those of one round driving
shaft. As this double vane is turned by driving shaft it receives two motions,
one round its connecting shaft or own axis, & another round the driving shaft.

page_text: The vanes are thus caused to enter & leave the water (or rotate therein when
wholly submerged) edgeways or angularly when not propelling, and flatways
when propelling.
I may also carry my Invention into effect by forming a propeller of a flat
oblong piece of metal placed in a slit cut in driving shaft to receive it, which
is made to traverse or slide backwards & forwards in said slit by means of a
round ring of metal placed eccentrically round it. I also use a flexible rudder
of same shape & motion as present one, which motion when made to vibrate
rapidly by being connected to the required mechanism (of ordinary construc-
tion) will propel as well as steer vessels.
Having thus described the nature of my said improvements, I hereby
further declare that I do not restrict myself to the precise modes of applying
the principle thereof, as the details may be varied in the application of
the said principle in practice.