AN IMPROVED METHOD OF STOPPING BOTTLES OR OTHER VESSELS FOR CONTAINING GASEOUS LIQUIDS
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ferdinand Gabriel Migeot de Baran, of Paris, in
the Empire of France, Gentleman, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF STOPPING BOTTLES OR OTHER VESSELS FOR CONTAINING GASEOUS
LIQUIDS."
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Ferdinand Gabriel Migeot
de Baran at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition
and Declaration, on the 25th August 1860, pursuant to the 9th Section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FERDINAND
GABRIEL MIGEOT DE BARAN, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Gentleman,
send greeting.,
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD
OF STOPPING BOTTLES OR OTHER VESSELS POR CONTAINING GASEOUS LIQUIDS," and
have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and have made solemn
Declaration that I am the first and true Inventor thereof.
. NOW KNOW YE, that. I, the said Ferdinand Gabriel Migeot de Baran,
do hereby declare that the following Complete Specification, under my hand
and seal, fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and

page_text: the manner in which the same is to be "performed, reference being had to the
accompanying Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that
is to say:-
My Invention relates to various arrangements in the stopping of bottles
and other vessels for containing gaseous liquids, which arrangements I have
represented in the annexed Drawings, which will be described successively.
Fig. 1 shows a china or other piece, at the centre of which is a groove (1),
having at its lower end a larger recess (2), in which the ascensional tube is
fitted, the upper end being in the interior of the piece, elbowed, and ending
externally in the shape of a spout tube (3). This piece is besides traversed
horizontally by a larger opening (4, 5), having the form of a cone at the place
where it meets and crosses the groove (1). (7) is a circular flanch, intended
to keep in the armature, which holds the piece firmly on the body of the
syphon.
Fig. 2 shows a set up closing or stopping apparatus, seen in section.
(8) india-rubber, cork, or other cone, traversed by a metallic rod-(9.), and.
fitted to snid rod by the nut (10). This rod (9) projects forth, and is con-
nected to hollow knob (11), in which is fitted a small spring, which acting
upon the plug (12) and the knob (11) tends to bring the cone (8) against the
sides of the conical recess (6). (13) leather, india-rubber, or cork plug,
through which passes the rod (9), and which is intended to insulate said rod,
and prevent leakage; (14), stopper screwed on to a packing (15), fastened in
the recess (4), which stopper closes the apparatus, allowing at the same time
of removing the internal pieces; (16), packing fastened in recess (5), and in.
which slides the knob (4); (17), metallic armature or brace, which might
very well be adopted for connecting the closing piece to the body of the
syphon. The metallic armature. is quite similar to those generally made use
of for the same purpose, and consists of a screw ring in two parts, fitting under
the circular flanch of the syphon, and upon which is screwed a cap, held in
position by the edge of the stopper, only this cap must be split for enabling it
to enter the piece, and leave a passage for tube (8) which projects outside,
and which otherwise would be an obstruction. When once introduced into
the piece, the cap is fastened by means of two screws or soldered. Instead
of this arrangement another might be adopted, which is indicated at Fig. 11.
Fig. 3 is the same as the foregoing one, seen by top. The parts .being thus
arranged, the working of the apparatus will be easily understood. When the
knob (11) is pressed upon, the spring is depressed, and the rod (9) penetrates
more deeply into the interior of the piece, carrying along with it the cone (8),
which rests. no longer against the sides of the conical recess (6). Between

page_text: the cone and the conical recess an empty space is formed, through which the
ascending liquid passes round the 'conc, and thence escapes by the spout.
When said pressure is withdrawn, which keeps the apparatus open, the spring
being no longer pressed upon drives forth the knob (11), which carries along
the rod (9) fixed thereto, and consequently the cone which comes to fit up
exactly the conical recess (6), and thus interrupts all communication between
the two parts of the ascensional channel (1).
Fig. 4 shows several modifications which may be adopted in the construction
of the apparatus. The cone (8), for instance, instead of being made of india-
rubber, &c., may be of any metal, upon which should be applied a conical
india-rubber packing. The knob (11) may have the form indicated by this
Figure, instead of the closing piece being connected with the body of the'
syphon by a metallic armature, it might be fitted by means of a heated glass
ring or other suitable matter (18), by which the two pieces would be soldered
to each other, the ascensional tube having been previously fastened in any
suitable manner. In order that the two pieces might be joined the more
easily by the said ring, they might be formed each with a circular groove
which the ring should enter. In order to render this operation the easier,
and to cause the closing piece to assume a regular position, this piece might
be formed with a projecting part penetrating into the syphon, as shown, which
.would keep it in position while the ring is being placed.
Fig. 5 is, the same as Fig. 4 seen by top. '
Fig. 6 shows a modification in the arrangements of the cone. Instead of
being moveable, and partaking of the movement of the cone, the packing
may be fixedly applied against the sides of the conical recess (6), but then it
should be pierced on each side opposite to the channel hole in such a manner
that the moveable cone-of the rod, being brought in contact with the packing,
should'intercept the flowing out of the liquid. This means would, perhaps,
allow of a less regular form of the conical recess (6), as the packing would
make up for the slight deformations that may occur,, and, perhaps, it would
be preferable to have the moveable cone carry a similar packing to that of
the sides of the conical recess; thus, for instance, if the packings were of
india-rubber, the closing might be effected by an india-rubber cone being
applied against a conical recess with india-rubber sides. In order that the
packing which is to form the sides of the conical recess (6), which the
moveable cone is to enter, may keep fixedly applied to the said sides without
being thrown back into the interior of the recess (4), a small ring (20)
may be applied behind, or it may be prolonged, and made, to lean directly
upon the knob. In this Figure the stopper, instead of being screwed upon a

page_text: packing fixedly fitted in the recess (4), is made either of metal or of the same
matter as the closing piece, and fastened in a direct manner into the recess
it fills up, and the knob (11), instead of sliding into a packing fastened into
recess (5), is moving directly in the said recess. The advantages resulting
from these arrangements are a greater simplicity of construction.
Fig. 7 is the same as Fig. 6, seen by top.
Fig. 8 is an external view of a complete apparatus mounted on the syphon
by means of armature (17).
Fig. 9. In this Figure the conical recess (6), instead of being formed
directly by the sides of the closing piece, is formed of a piece of indian-rubber
or other suitable matter, which is forced into the closing picce in such a
nianner that the holes with which the said indian-rubber piece is pierced may
correspond, with the holes in the channel (1). Another arrangement is to be
remarked in this Figure, viz., instead of acting, directly upon the knob (11),
this might be acted upon indirectly by a small lever, the form and size of
which may vary.
Fig. 10, instead of being opened by pushing the apparatus, may be opencil
by pulling the cone according to the arrangements represented in this Figure.
Thus the channel instead of being prolonged beyond the cone, as shown in
dotted lines, may be placed at the end of said cone as represented.
Fig. 11 shows an arrangement which might be adopted for connecting the
closing piece with the body of the syphon, which arrangement consists in a
ring in two parts fitting under the flanch of the syphon, and a second ring
equally. in two parts fitting on the flanch of the closing piece, both rings being
connected together by a coupling-box screwed-upon either of them.
All modifications, as above indicated, may be adopted either jointly or
separately, that is to say, the arrangements of the cone as represented (Fig. 4)
may be adopted, yet preserving the arrangements-of- the knob. (11) as repre-
sented (Fig. 2), and also of the stopper (Fig. 6), and making use of the
ring represented (Fig. 4) for connecting the closing piece with the syphon.
Instead of a spiral spring, any other spring may be made use of for closing the
apparatus. As regards the degree of inclination that the cone is to have, the
strength and size of the pieces, experience alone can ascertain it. In order to
prevent the oxydation of the metallic parts which are being brought in-contact
with the liquid, such parts may be coated with some inalterable varnish, o
some unoxydable metal.
.
"
I will now proceed to describe some new arrangements for closing o
stopping bottles and other vessels to contain gaseous liquids, and also indicate
other methods of connecting the syphon head or piece enclosing the apparatus

page_text: with the body of the syphon, together with some details and methods of
manufacturing the same.
Fig. 12 shows a section of an apparatus, the working of which depends
especially on the elastic property of indian-rubber. (1) shows the closing
head of china, terra cotta, (which may be either varnished or enamelled
externally,) glass, stucco, &c., quite similar to that shown (Fig. 1); (2) piece
of indian-rubber filling exactly the conical recess (4) which supports the
piece (1); (3), metallic rod traversing the piece of indian-rubber, which it
penetrates towards the end of the conical part; (4), metallic knob forming
the external end of rod (3); (5), disk or metallic plug arranged at centre in
a small tubular portion, into which slides freely the rod (3). This small
tubular portion is intended to prevent the piece of indian-rubber (which must
be forced into the portion which precedes the cone) from pressing against the
rod (3), thus permitting of its free and casy motion into the piece of indian-
rubber, the conical part of which is always being to preserve its elastic pro-
perties; (6), spring resting against the plug (5) and the stopper (4), which
it tends to drive away in carrying the rod (3). This spring is intended to aid
the elastic force of caoutchouc; that after having being oblonged (as must be
the case, and as will be explained hereafter) the cone may retake its former
position. The spring acts upon this cone by means of rod (3) and internal
part (7), which latter has been forced into the piece of indian-rubber, and
which, in consequence of its shape, is engaged therein. The parts being thus
arranged, it will be readily understood, that on pressing the knob (4), (Fig. 14),
the rod (3) will penetrate deeper into the cone, which will expand, and as its
bulk is still the same, its diameter will be contracted, and will cease to fill the
recess which contains it. Between the cone thus lengthened and the sides of
the recess there will be formed an empty space, through which the ascending.
liquid will get, and then escape by the spout tube. This Fig. 12 shows,
besides, a new method of connection for securing the closing head to the
syphon; said head is hollow at its lower end, so that the upper end of the
vessel may get in to a certain extent, and as when, the ascensional tube is being
fitted to the closing head it is useless for this to be separated from the body
of the syphon. The two pieces may be soldered or fixedly fitted to each other
by means of an enamel or varnish vitrifiable by heat. The parts which might
be injured by fire, such as metallic or indian-rubber parts, can be placed and
displaced from outside, and the two pieces once got into one another nothing
will prevent them fitting fixedly into one another; their being submitted to a
certain degree of heat sufficient to vitrify a substance by which they are to be
soldered, without the apparatus being endangered.

page_text: Fig. 13 is a top view of Fig. 12.
Fig. 14 shows several modifications of the preceding arrangements. In this
apparatus I have suppressed the spring (6), being convinced that the elastic
power of india-rubber will be sufficient to shut the cone when this has been
expanded. Instead of a 'hollow knob, as represented (Fig. 12), I have applied
a flat one. The recess preceding the conical part. has its sides formed of a
tubular metallic piece (8) fastened in said recess. This piece is intended. to
render the outside opening of the recess more regular, as better shown by
Fig. 15, in which this arrangement is seen from below, and consequently in
development. The tubular piece (8) is wormed inside, and receives the disk
or plug (9) exactly similar to that (5) in Fig. 12; said plug protecting,
closing, and maintaining at the same time the indian-rubber piece. The two
small holes (10) are intended for admitting the screw key.
In order that the piece (8) may be fastened more readily to the closing
head the interior of the recess containing it, and also the external part of said
piece are provided with grooves or circular striæ for receiving the cement.
The spout tube instead of being placed in-front, and at the prolonged end of
the ascensional tube, is in this Fig. place at the extreme end of the conical
part, and consequently opposite to the knob (4). This Fig. shows besides a
peculiar arrangement for connecting the closing head with the body of 'the
syphon. The lower cavity of this head has a circular groove (11), the upper
end of the syphon which enters said. cavity has also a similar groove (12)
opposite to the first. It will be easily understood that when placing the two
pieces, the empty spaces between, and also the two grooves are to be filled with
some fluid substance which hardens by cooling, or some equivalent means by
which the two pieces could be made adherent to each other. The substances
-which can be made use of for this purpose are either matters being vitrifiable
by heat, or masticks, cements or others. When a substance is made use of
which can be easily rendered fluid by the
being joined may be separated, which will allow of changing either the bottle
or the closing head, in case one or the other should be accidentally injured.
The matters likely to fill this purpose are little fusible metals or their alloys,.
inasticks rendered fluid by heat, and principally that made use of by fountain
makers.
.
action of heat, the two pieces after
Fig. 15 is a top view of the preceding Figure.
Fig. 16. In this Figure the cavity which precedes the conical recess, has a
groove or circular channel (13) into which penetrates the indian-rubber piece.
This cavity is intended to keep the said piece in position more efficiently than
could be done by forced friction. The knob or rod end is of china or other

page_text: such material instead of metal. The ascensional tube is fastened directly to the
body of the syphon, and to render its fitting the easier its lower end may be.
made to rest on the bottom of the vessel; and in order to prevent the lower.
month of said tube from being obstructed the same. may be arranged aslant, as,
indicated at Fig. 18; as regards the arrangements indicated for connecting the.
head and vessel they are exactly the same as represented at Fig. 14.
Fig. 17, which is a top view of the precedent Figure, shows a modification,
in the arrangement of the main piece or closing head, which, instead of being
either entirely cylindrical or having its recess of the same cylindrical form, has
its recess extending on each side, so as to have its gap on the same plan and
level in the direction of the height and width of the said piece, which new,
arrangement fills the same purpose as the tubular metallic piece (8) of Fig. 14..
Fig. 18, the description of this Figure is comprised in that of Fig., 16.
Fig. 19 shows a similar disposition to that of Figs. 2, 4, & 6, only in this.
model after having formed the conical recess when the closing head is but
slightly baked, this is closed by introducing through its base the spout tube or
a piece of similar form, which is soldered to it when the head piece is com-.
pletely baked. The conical recess previously formed needs be very open, so,
that by a suitable pressure on the indian-rubber cone with is being fitted into.
it, this can be introduced through the top instead of being introduced through
the base of said conical recess. The indian-rubber cone soon reassumes, its,
primitive form, and fits exactly the space which is to contain it, as may be
readily understood. The same. Figure also shows a method of connecting the
vessel with the closing head. The neck of the. vessel has the form represented.
being inserted through the closing head somewhat loosely, the sides of this
lower cavity in the head piece are pierced with holes (14), so that when
the vessel has been inserted a very fusible metal or alloy may be poured;
through these holes and fill up the space between the two pieces which have,
been previously heated by some suitable means (see the carmined outlines.).
Fig. 20 shows the counterpart of the arrangement represented, Fig, 16, as,
much as the disposition of the cone is concerned. Instead of the top of the.
cone by being lengthened ceasing to fill the cavity which contains it, it is its
base which is acted upon and expanded by the metallic rod (3). The cone.
is introduced in the same manner as explained for Fig. 19, and the appa-
ratus works as in Fig. 16. For fastening the more easily the ascensional
tube to the closing head.or body of the syphon part of the tube and of the
syphon brought in contact with it may be roughed, which roughing may be.
obtained. either by means of an acid or otherwise. The small cavity in the;
closing head might for the same purpose be made with small striæ.

page_text: '
In order to obtain a more exact form, better and nicer droved edges, a
regular and ever identic cone, I use the following method for manufacturing
closing heads. The cylinder forming the head is moulded and slightly baked
so as to acquire a certain consistency, but not so hard, however, as to resist the
tool by which it is to be hollowed.
-
I will now describe some other arrangements of parts and apparatus
already described, and also some other methods and details. Thus the
moveable knob (4) by which the apparatus 12, 13, 14, 15, &c., are
worked may be placed above the closing head without the work or shape of
the different pieces being in any way modified or altered, for they may be
placed as well on the side and traverse the closing head or at the upper part,
as indicated by Figs. 21, 22, 23. The only modification consists, as may be
seen in the place occupied by the conical recess or cavity which contains the
closing head. One of the chief features by which the. new system I propose
is distinguished from those already made use of is, that the part of the syphon
which contains the closing combinations may be fixedly fastened to the 'body
of the vessel containing the gaseous liquid, for such pieces as would require to
be removed are placed and displaced externally. There is another character
which more particularly distinguishes this said system, which is, the complete
absence (in models 12, 14, 16, &c.) of contact between the acid liquor and a
metal often oxydable and noxious.
· Fig. 21 points out exactly the same combinations as Fig. 20, only the knob
instead of being placed beside is placed above the closing head. The neck or
part of the vessel which is inserted and fastened into the closing head is also
a little modified.
Fig. 22. As it may happen that by the elastic power of the gas contained in
the syphon the indian-rubber piece may be driven out of its recess; to obviate
this said piece might be kept in position by means of the external armature or
brace represented (Fig. 14), which in leaving to the rod (3) a complete liberty
of action would efficiently maintain the indian-rubber piece. The channel of
the spout tube may be straight instead of being elbowed as shown.
Fig. 23 shows the same arrangements as Fig. 14, with only some con-
versions as, for instance, the moveable knob being placed above instead of
beside. As I desire the closing apparatus to be moveable and easily separated
from the body of the vessel I refer to Fig: 22 as showing an arrangement
which is very likely to fill this purpose. The internal part of the lower
cavity is wormed so as to be screwed either on the vessel or on a ring
having a corresponding thread. To render the mounting of the whole the
easier, the screw ring on the vessel may be in two parts, and 'be made either

page_text: of metal, Fig. 22, or of other ceramic substance, Fig. 23, and as two pieces
of the latter substance might not suitably be screwed into one another,
a leather or india-rubber packing may be interposed between the two
threads, or in case that one only should be employed, the metallic ring
may be indistinctly engaged into the vessel or into the interior part of the
cavity on the closing head. These male and female screws may be obtained
either after the pieces have been slightly baked by means of a lathe or the
thread may be formed at the same time they are moulded by any suitable
means. The closing bead of china or other ceramic matter may be orna-
mented in many different ways by gilding, painting, &c.
I will now proceed to describe some new improvements and some other
models obtained through various methods.
Fig. 24 points out the same arrangements of the closing system, as
Fig. 22, only in order to cause the indian-rubber piece the better to
penetrate into the interior of the closing head, said piece is made with
a conical gap (21) which allows of the lower part of the indian-rubber
piece, which acts as a closing valve, and which is wider than the space
through which it is to pass, to slide more easily. This closing valve, as in
Fig. 22, is maintained by a metallic armature, but in the present model
the knob by which the apparatus is worked is as at Fig. 21, all china,
engaging into the cavity of the valve in order to turn in either direction the
disk (9) which maintains the valve, and that the key which is to enter the
two holes in said disk may reach them, the knob which closes the gap should
be: pulled.so that above, between it and the closing head, a sufficient space
were found for the key filling its duty. The small ball formed at the end of
the central rod (3) is intended to prevent the said rod from penetrating into
the thickness of the valve, and also to prevent the rod & knob from being
taken out, the opening in the disk which the rod slides in being not wide
enough for the ball being permitted to pass.. The rod is inserted either before
the end ball has been fitted or before the rod, is fastened into the knob by
means of any mastick in case the ball and rod should be formed of a same
piece.. For this system of knob may also be substituted one of those already
described or one of those to be herein-after described. Similar substitutions
may frequently take place for. all the various improvements in the various
models, the different modifications of which may be liable to, such combinations.
As the lower part of the cone or closing valve might in consequence of a long
use be pierced through by the action of the central rod, its arrangement may be
such as shown in this Figure, viz., have a greater thickness and consequently a
greater resisting power. This Fig.. also represents a particular method of

page_text: fixing the ascensional tube, which instead of being soldered to the syphon
as in models 16, 21, 22, 23; and instead of closing the opening of the same
syphon might be kept moveable so that it might be removed when necessary.
and thus let free the entrance of the vessel. An indian-rubber or other suitable
matter disk is introduced into the lower cavity of the closing head previous to
its being connected with the body of the piston, this friction disk is pierced
through its centre with a hole into which is forced the ascensional tube
(which is of a less diameter than the gap in the closing head) which, enters:
the upper part of the head before the closing valve is placed.
In order to have this ascensional tube enter more easily its. lower part;.
which is first to traverse-the disk may be made somewhat thinner or of a less
diameter than the upper end, and also than the central hole in the disk (22)
as the said tube is of glass, and on its entering the hole in the disk might
injure the same, its exterior cut should be smoothed by any suitable means..
This tube being once. placed, in order to withdraw it (when the closing valve is
removed) it will be sufficient to introduce into it a small apparatus represented.
Fig. 43. When the rod is sliding in the interior of the tube, the two ears'
on the end of it are brought close to each other, but when said-rod-has-run-its-
way down, and the two ears are out of the tube they separate, and catching
hold of the lower end of the tube will carry it up as the rod reascends.. As
regards the manner of connecting the closing head with the body of the syphon,
it is the same as above described (Figs. 21, 22, &c. I will here observe.
that the matter by which the two pieces are to be soldered must be applied at
ȧ very low temperature that the disk (22), which is to be previously fitted
between the two pieces, may suffer no injury.
Fig. 25 shows another form of the valve gap, and also the metallic armature
of the preceding Figure, but the central rod and knob are different. The
rod (3) is of two various forms, the lower part which is to move in the
interior of the valve is cylindrical, and rounded at its ends.; the upper part,,
which is to slide across the disk, is square and wormed on its end. The lower
part is so arranged as not to be able to pass through the opening in the disk,
and consequently cannot be taken out; the part sliding through the disk is
square, that the rod cannot turn upon itself, and that the small nut which is
cemented into the knob can be engaged with it, and in order that said knob
can be better acted upon by the key which is, to operate it, it would not,
perhaps, be improper to cut alongside of it two longitudinal notches. In case
that, notwithstanding the great thickness given to the lower part of the closing
valve, the pressure of the rod (3) should injure that piece this I would advise to;
form in two parts; the one of indian-rubber would preserve its expansive power,,

page_text: the other (23), or the lower end of the cone against which the rod abuts, and
which were to resist its pressure would be of gutta percha, the two said parts
being firmly soldered and fastened to each other. The gutta percha part, by
reason of the little elasticity of that substance shall be arranged so as never to
prove an obstacle to the introduction of the valve into the cavity that is to
receive it. In order to augment the surface of the piece (22), by which the
ascensional tube is to be held, the arrangement shown in this Figure might be
adopted, by which arrangements the gas penetrating between the lower part
of this piece and the upper sides of the body of the syphon will press upon and
contract the said piece against the tube, and more easily prevent all leakage.
In order to maintain more easily and firmly the ascensional tube a small flanch
may be provided at the end of the ascensional tube, by which it would be
prevented from entering too far into the ring that holds it, and in order that
the rod ending knob strikes not too directly the metallic armature a leather
plug might be interposed between the two pieces.
Fig. 26 points out another form of the closing valve, and consequently of
the cavity in the head of the syphon. In case of the precedent means of pre-
venting the deterioration of the valve by the moveable rod proving unsufficient
for various motives, the present combinations shown in this Figure might
perhaps be efficiently made use of. In this model the closing valve is entirely
formed of india-rubber, having a metallic piece (24) fitted into the centre
thereof, this piece being provided round its periphery with a groove or channel
for the india-rubber being more readily embodied with it and on the piece (24);
the moveable rod (3) is fitted by means of screws. The valve may, as in the
two foregoing models, be maintained by a metallic armature; the knob may
be of metal, and placed externally, as represented, or of china, and be fitted in
the piece, as shown in Fig. 24.
The same Fig. 26, shows also a modification of the arrangements already
described for maintaining the ascensional tube. The piece (22) instead of
being engaged and 'maintained by the two pieces is forced into a cavity in the
body of the syphon, being maintained there by a second disk (25) so pierced
as to allow of the free passage of the ascensional tube. This second disk (25)
may be of china or other suitable matter capable of maintaining firmly the
piece (22), into which the ascensional tube is to slide with friction. In this
Fig., as in the foregoing ones, (24,) (26,) the closing head is firmly soldered to
the body of the syphon.
Fig. 27 shows a particular form of the closing valve, and consequently of
the body of the syphon. Instead of being conical in the part which is to close
the apparatus, the valve has a flat part. It is forced in by pressing on that

page_text: part, which retakes its former position when once introduced into the piece.
As the cavity in which the valve is is actually larger than that through
which it has been pressed in, and as the surface which is abutting against this
narrower cavity is flat-bottomed, the action of the pressing liquid cannot drive
the valve off the inside of the closing head, and the metallic armature intended
ns in the foregoing Figures, to stand the expansive power of the gas contained
in the vessel, may be suppressed. However, it would be very easy to have it
applied if it were deemed proper. To prevent the moveable rod (3) from
injuring the part against which it is to act the means described here above
Figs. 24, 25, 26, may be made use of, and as regards the rod ending knob any
one of those described can fill the purpose.
In this Figure the closing head, which is in the foregoing models fixedly
soldered to the body of the syphon, is in this Figure set moveably by means
of a screw armature similar to those represented (Figs. 22, 23,) or entirely
metallic. In case the armature were entirely metallic it would consist of two
rings being screwed upon one another, and fixed one to the closing head' and
the other to the body of the syphon, either by means of a mastick or otherwise.
The one which is to be fixed to the closing head might be arranged-as
follows-That part of the ring which is intended to reach the bottom of the
cavity should be split longitudinally towards the end, so as to be set apart
when once in the cavity, which is to be somewhat larger or wider at the
bottom, or it should have on its periphery striæ, grooves, or equivalents, for the
ring being kept firmly in when once forced into it. Or the ring may be fixed
to the closing head as follows:-Into the striated or roughed cavity a plain
ring is introduced which is to be wormed internally when firmly fitted in; or
even it may perhaps be fitted by the very cutting action, as for the ring fixed
to the body of the syphon, instead of using a compression from inward to
outward, the compression would take place from outwards to inwards. In
order to better maintain it the glass-part in contact with it should be, roughed
.or otherwise formed with some grooves, striæ, &c., and if the neck of the vessel
were made with a circular groove, into which should be forced the substance
which the ring is made of, a perfect solidity would be thereby obtained. (This
arrangement is shown at Fig. 28. Or, again, the neck of the vessel might be
formed with a flanch, intended to keep'in either a ring, first open, then closed
soldered, and wormed, or a ring in several parts. As regards the ring (8)
'which is to be fitted into the upper cavity in the closing piece, and serving to
*keep in the metallic armature of the valve (Figs. 24, 25, 26, &c.); it may be
fixed either by means of a mastick, or any of the methods above described.
As the metallic parts have no contact with the liquid, they may (especially the

page_text: ring which keeps in the armature of the syphon) be of any metal.
As the
closing head is moveable the ascensional tube may be kept in by an indian-
rubber or gutta percha disk, to which the tube should be fixed, said tube might
also be roughed on the part which is to enter the disk. The disk shall be
placed between the closing head and the upper end of the vessel, and firmly
kept in there by these two pieces when screwed into one another.
Fig. 28. In this Figure, as well as in the foregoing one, the closing head
instead of being soldered to the body of the syphon, is moveable, and connected
by means of a screw armature. The closing valve is in two parts, the elastic
upper part of which is of india-rubber, and is introduced into the piece by the
upper opening. The other part or lower one may be made of indian-rubber,
gutta percha, leather, or other matter, nay, of china, (if a sufficient regularity of
form could be given thereto) and is introduced through the lower opening,
being not thus obliged to be submitted to a strong pressure, for it being taken
in it may be of any little elastic or not elastic substance, and have, moreover,
a larger conical opening. In this lower conical part (26) and through its
centre, is made to fit a metallic piece (27) similar to that described at Fig. 26,
upon which is screwed up the central rod (3) traversing the upper part of the
valve. In order to tighten and connect these two parts of the valve, the rod
has an enlargement which presses on and keeps in the upper part. The '
metallic armature may be or not be made use of, and as regards the rod-
ending knob (8) any of those above described may be employed. Instead of
being fixed to an india-rubber or gutta percha disk, as in the foregoing
Figure, the ascensional tube may traverse or be fastened to a china or other
matter disk, and in order to prevent all leakage, and render the mounting
more easy and solid between said disk and the two pieces, two elastic plugs
are interposed, upon which a pressure is exerted by the head being screwed
upon the vessel. The closing head may be a little lightened by its being
given a somewhat less width than represented in this Figure. Moreover,
said closing head may anyways be modified externally, whether it be round,
square, enlarged, or diminished; such modifications cannot alter the character
of my Invention.
Fig. 29 shows a slight modification of Fig. 28. In case some difficulty
should arise in placing the metallic piece (27) through the centre of cone (26)
when said centre is of leather, the following arrangements might be adopted:―
In this Figure the piece (27) is cylindrical, being fitted by screws into the
interior of the cone; when said cone has been placed an indian-rubber or
other matter cone being soldered thereon after it has been thus introduced
serves to insulate it completely within the cone.

page_text: Fig. 30 points out a slight variation of Figs. 28 & 29. In this Figure the
central rod instead of being fastened on the metallic- piece (27) is fastened
directly on the cone (26), and the piece (27) is suppressed, which may chiefly
take place when the cone (26). is made of some hard substance, as leather,
gutta percha, or others.
.
Fig. 31 (30) indian-rubber disc, arranged at the centre of a tube pro-
longed (31), and closed at its end, which tube, as well as the tube of which it
makes a part, is introduced into the piece through the upper part.. Into the
tube (31) the rod (3) penetrates, the end of which is ball-shaped; (32), gutta
percha, indian-rubber, leather, or other matter cone, traversed by a cylindrical
opening, terminated at its lower part so as to receive and keep the ball in, and
also the indian-rubber tube which surrounds it. The cone (32) has come into
the closing piece, through the lower part, and has had forced into it the rod (3),
which by reason of its shape is kept therein. For shaping the central
spherical cavity, into which is to be lodged the rod end (3), it would perhaps
be necessary that the cone (when of gutta percha, leather, &c.) should be
formed in two parts, semi-spherical, and soldered on being taken out of the
moulds; for this and the following specimens the moveable knob may be like
to any of those described. This Fig. also points out a peculiar method of
keeping the screw ring on the vessel. Round the neck of the vessel, a little
forward the lower end of the ring, is formed a flanch (33), which the end of
the ring is so calculated as to receive and involve all round under a strong
.pressure. This flanch may be more or less thick, and also the metallic piece
.which embosoms it needs be strong enough and extend beyond said flanch
.sufficiently to be enabled to resist all strain which it is to undergo. To render
this operation the easier, the lower part of the ring might be split longitudinally.
Fig. 32: (30) & (81), the same pieces as in the foregoing Figure, but
.instead of the end of the rod (3) being ball-shaped, in order to be lodged
in the cavity above described; this. end of the said rod is wormed, so as to
receive a central cavity in the cone (32), thus forcing the cone and the tubular
part (31) to come together. The other parts of the apparatus are like to the
preceding specimens.
Fig. 33 points out a slight variation of the preceding arrangements.
Instead of being closed at its lower end, the tubular part (31) is open.
and admits a wormed metallic piece (34), which is forced into a central
cavity in cone (32): this piece as it penetrates into the cone presses upon
and connects thereto the tubular, part (31). For insulating this metallic
piece and embosoming it as it were into the mass of the cone, an indian-
rubber, gutta percha, &c., cap is soldered on the lower part, which cap is

page_text: brought close to and embodied with the conical part. The piece (34) is at its
lower part wormed internally, and has two holes in it for receiving the key
which is to operate it; the cap is equally provided with two holes, which give
passage to the key. When the piece is mounted, the two holes in the cap
are filled up with some suitable material.
Fig. 34 (35),.indian-rubber, gutta percha, leather, or other matter
cone; (36), tubular elastic part, fastened to upper part of the cone; this
is introduced into the closing head through the lower part: the. tubular-
part (86) traverses the piece, and goes out through the enlarged part (37);
the tubular elastic part is then removed, and the conical piece (38) is
forced in, which latter is through its centre pierced with an opening for
the rod (3) going through. The piece (38) is pressed upon by the metallic
armature (8 & 9) quite similar to those described in the foregoing
Figures 24, 25, 26, &c. This piece (38) being thus-pressed upon sets apart
the tubular portion (36), at the same time compressing it against the sides of
the closing piece, and holding it there; this piece (38) may be of metal or any
other material; if of an elastic substance, it should not, on being compressed by
the upper armature prevent the working of the rod (3,) and therefore between
this piece (38) and the rod there should be a small tube, into which the rod (3)
would easily slide; if, on the contrary, the piece were of any metal, in order
to be more easily retained, the india-rubber part should be provided with stric
or grooves to prevent it from gliding, and the same arrangement might take
place, for the enlarged part (37), against which the indian-rubber piece is com-
pressed in either case. The other parts are the same as in foregoing Figures..
Fig. 35 points out but a slight variation of the preceding Figure; thus
instead of being soldered on to the upper part of the coue, the tubular
piece (36) traverses it, and is soldered on between the said upper part and the
cap by which it is terminated.
Fig. 36-is the same as the precedent one, only the rod (3) instead of working.
freely in the in the interior of the cone, engages in a small nut embosomed in
the bulk of the piece between this and the cap.
Fig. 37, same arrangements as for Fig. 34, only in this the form of the cone
(which may, be of indian-rubber, gutta percha, leather, or other matter, is
different, and resembles that of Fig. 27; this cone, might also be connected
with the elastic part by the same means indicated at Figs. 35 & 36.
Fig. 38, like to the preceding one, but the manner in which the cone is
retained is the same as shown at Fig. 22, and might as well be the same as at
Figs. 28, 29, 30, 31, &c.
Fig. 39 (40) metallic.conical piece (or it may be formed of any other

page_text: •
substance, such as indian-rubber, gutta percha, and others,) having a tap
at its upper part (41), (42), tube, or rather elastic capacity receiving the
cone (40); this capacity. thus' filled. is to enter by its lower part the closing
head, and thence to penetrate into the enlarged part (37) where it is retained
by the top armature explained at Fig. 34, and indicated here under the same
figures of reference. In the nut (41), which bears the cone (40) fits the
rod (8), serving to work the apparatus by means of the ball which terminates it.
Fig. 40. This figure is as a closing arrangement similar to Fig. 26, but
here the moveable knob instead of being placed above the closing head is
disposed on the side, which somewhat modifies the position of the internal
parts. The knob as for other figures may be of metal or any other suitable
substance, the channel with which it is pierced, is inclined instead of being
straight as in the other Figures. When constructing the pieces after the
internal conical cavity into which leads the inclined channel is finished, it is
necessary to close-the external gap of this cavity with a plug (44) by soldering
or otherwise: Lastly, the closing head is in this Figure set by means of screws,
and a metallic armature consisting of two rings fitted to vessel and closing
heal. Between these two pieces, a piece of india-rubber is interposed, which
is firmly compressed by the two pieces closing into one another. The ascen-
sional tube is fitted to the closing' piece by means of any mastick.
Fig. 41. In Figs. 21, 22, &c., where the knob is disposed above the closing
head, or in the specimens where it is sidewise, but where the inclined channel'
leads the liquid behind the valve as in Fig. 40, it is necessary in order to open
the apparatus to overcome the pressure against the valve of the resisting gases
on a liquid column equal to the surface thereof, as this force is proportional to
the tension of the gases contained in the vessel, and that such tension is pretty
considerable, it might occur that the strain required to overcome the same
would present some difficulty in practice. To obviate this inconvenience, it
suffices to have the liquid come up sidewise instead of its coming up straight.
This Figure points out one of the numerous combinations which may be applied,
which combinations may, however, be the same as those when the knob is
upperwise, and when the valve can be introduced through the upper part of
the closing piece. In case it should be desired to apply sidewise the combi-
nations which require the valve being in two parts, and when the lower or
conical part enters through beneath the piece, it would be in such case neces-
sary that the plug (44) were moveable. As it is no longer to be feared that the
closing valve should be driven out by the expansive power of gas from the
cavity which contains it, the metallic armature intended to retain it may be
dispensed with, and be replaced by a simple disk being forced into it; and

page_text: serving both to close the cavity, and secure the regular working of the rod (3),
and in case the moveable knob were engaged, the disk might also be altogether
suppressed, for the regular working of the rod would be secured by the ball.
which terminates it. The spout tube may be also disposed either laterally,'
or in the place of plug (41), and in this case it would close the cavity into
which the moveable portion of the valve moves. The closing head may be
connected with the vessel by any of the means described. .
.
Fig. 42 represents the closing head of the preceding specimens (40) & (41),
and is intended to show the place where it is led through the conical cavity*
which the valve is to fill. The internal channel of the spout tube, and also
the relation of the internal opening (A) of said channel with that of the
ascensional tube (B).
Fig. 43, has been described at Fig. 4. Instead of forming the closing-head
of china, clay, or other ceramic substances as shown, this might be formed of
cast iron enamelled both inside and outside, the aspect would be the same,
and the metal equally insulated from the acid liquid, the picce itself would
look lighter, and should the model employed require screw parts either to-
retain the upper armature (9) which maintains the valve, or to retain the
head on the body of the syphon, the said piece could be formed with them,
which, however, may also be done for other china, clay, or other pieces if they'
were easily wormed. The various improvements, modifications, and methods
described and shown may be employed either jointly or separately; or in:
combination with one another, thus for instance the valve (Fig. 26)
might be adopted, and the metallic piece (24) be rejected; the lower part
of the piece might have the thickness shown at Fig. 24, or the rod of this
Figure be adopted, together with the arrangements of Fig. 25, as regards
the metallic armature and knob, by using the screw rings of Fig. 27 for
connecting the head to the body of the syphon, or such and such means:
described to retain the ascensional tube, and so forth. One of the great
advantages obtained by the use of my system is, that in removing the great
inconveniences that apparatus hitherto made use of are liable to, the bodies of.
common syphons could be utilized, and have my improvements applied to
them, and it would suffice to slightly modify the screw ring fitted to the closing
bead, for permitting of said ring being mounted on the metallic armature with
which common syphons are provided. In this manner could old apparatus
enjoy the benefit of iny Invention, since by such means all contact "of an
oxydable metal with the acid liquid would be removed. The same stopping.
system can also be applied to apparatus intended to render gaseous certain
liquors known (in France) by the names of gazogènes, &c. (gasogen.)..

page_text: . Fig. 44. Instead of a metallic screw ring being fixed to the vessel for keeping
in the closing head, one of china or other non-metallic substance may be made
use of; such ring would be arranged so as to admit the upper end of the vessel,.
which should be, fastened, thereto by any suitable means; such an arrangement
is shown at Fig. 44. "The ring may also be of glass, being connected to the
vessel by a glass flanch soldered thereon. In case of the closing head being
itself wormed as two, china or porcelain pieces, or glass and china could not,
being brought in contact, readily slide upon one another, nor be screwed into
one another, there might be interposed between them a thin ring of gutta
percha, indian-rubber, leather, &c. The screw parts of the china ring designed
to retain this gutta percha packing might not be enamelled, but the portions of,
the ring which are to be screwed should be so, for being enabled to glide more,
easily. To prevent the packing interposed between the two threads, from.
being injured. by such a contact, the threads may be smoothed or blunted, and,
have still thus the advantage of both more solidity and easier construction.
The same blunted form could also be given to all china pieces to be mounted,
upon metallic parts.
Fig. 45. The specimens represented by Figs. 24, 25, & 26, have the
advantage of requiring no screw armature for holding the closing head on
to the vessel, since both pieces are soldered together or to each other, and
of having at same time the ascensional tube made moveable, so that it
may be withdrawn from the vessel at will, and cleaned inside; but in
practice such advantages are sometimes inconveniences. Thus, to remove
the ascensional tube from the interior of the vessel the closing valve must be
previously removed, which could not fail in time to injure and deteriorate the
said piece. Moreover, said tube being to pass through the opening in said
valve, can have but a restricted diameter, and great care is to be taken for
accomplishing this operation. Moreover, the ring (22) to be introduced between
the extreme end of the vessel and the closing head before the two pieces are
united, requires a mastick, the application of which could be effected either in
the cold state, or heated to a very low temperature, for said piece being not
deteriorated. The specimen represented in this Figure by permitting of the
closing. head being fixedly fastened to the flagon or vessel, and of the
ascensional tube being withdrawn at will, will obviate such inconveniences.
The closing head is pierced through its length with a large hole, its lower part.
is enlarged for better receiving the end of the vessel, which gets into it to a
certain extent, and fastened there by any means above described. The upper
end is in the like manner enlarged, so as to form a first flanch for retaining the
closing valve, and also a second flanch, upon which is placed the ring (8), the

page_text: head being once fastened on the vessel, the ascensional tube is introduced,
which is affixed through an indian-rubber, gutta percha, or other "disk like
to (22), at Fig. 24. The ring is somewhat forced into the central cavity of
the head, and is made to rest upon the end of the vessel, into the interior of
which penetrates the ascensional tube. In order that this said ring may the
more easily glide along the central cavity without being deteriorated, this
might be slightly enamelled. The closing valve has a cylindrical form, more
ór less modified according to the requirements, in order that it may not be
carried down into the interior of the piece when pressed upon and caused to
expand by the rod (3), it should rest as described above on a circular flanch.
Lastly, a suitable armature, as shown at Figs. 23, 24, 25, &c.,. prevents
the valve in the interior of the head from being driven out by the expansive
power of gases. The parts being thus arranged, and the valve. being shut,
it will be easily understood that this piece being somewhat forced in, will fill
up tightly the cavity, and prevent the liquid from escaping through the spout
tube, but when compelled to lengthen by the pressure upon it of the rod (3),
then the cylindrical part will assume the conical form, and no longer fill the
cavity which contains it, and the liquid shall escape through the spout tube.
The same effect as above is produced, and demands no other explanations than
those given for Figs. 12, 14, 16, 23, only in this Figure the valve is 'entirely
cylindrical instead of being a little conical; it might be even a little enlarged,.
but such arrangement would resemble too much that represented at Figs. 20;
21, 22. When it is desired to take out the ascensional tube, the armature (9)
is unscrewed, and the valve being not detained by any larger internal part
will be readily taken out; a small apparatus like to that described (Fig. 13)
is inserted into the. tube, which is removed, together with the ring fixed
thereto; the ball may be of china, and entering the cavity a little, or be
indistinctly as one of those above described.
'
Fig. 46. In the preceding Figure, in order to utilize the advantages
presented by the specimens 24, &c., and also avoid their inconveniences,
I have been obliged. to adopt a form of valve, which in practice may
be liable to some inconveniences. For obtaining a tight closing, it is
necessary that the valve should fill up exactly the cavity, and obstruct in
a complete manner the admit of spout: tube; moreover it is necessary.
that the force by which the apparatus is opened be great enough to lengthen
the cylindrical part, and yet the valve not be deteriorated by such strain..
Besides the space formed between that piece 'thus lengthened and the sides
of the cavity shall be rather limited; and consequently the liquid escaping,
therefrom can be but in little quantity. The new model represented by this

page_text: Figure obviates such inconveniences, and-consists of a closing head similar to
that of the precedent model, and fitted to the vessel in the. like manier, but
instead of the closing valve being introduced directly in .the.central cavity;
there is a second piece of china inserted into the said cavity, which. has the
cavity to be given to the closing valve; this second piece may be of any other
suitable substance, such as terra cotta, vulcanized indian-rubber, or gutta percha
or others, said piece, the internal cavity of which receives the valve is made to
rest on the disk, which retains the ascensional tube, and is itself maintained
and compressed at its upper part by the upper part of the valve, which is itself
retained. and compressed by the screw armature (8,) (9,) similar to that above
described... This second internal piece, which may be designed by the name
of closing ring may be internally quite similar to the interior of the heads
(Figs. 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, &c.,) it has an exit opening corresponding to that of the
spout tube, which carries the first piece or head. To avoid having to provide for
the two openings being right opposite or corresponding to one another, when
the two pieces are being introduced, the external part of the ring might be made
with a circular groove-(45)-by-which means-the-two-openings would be.in.due
communication. The working of the apparatus will be easily understood upon
a simple survey of the figure. The main piece or head is fixed to the vessel
by any mastick, enamel, &c. The ascensional tube is inserted into the vessel
and its ring slides down to the bottom of the conical cavity. The second china
piece or closing ring is afterwards placed. This ring into which the valve is
introduced is made to come in freely, its lower part resting upon the disc of
the ascensional tube. The disk (9) is afterwards screwed, which tightens
the upper part of the valve, compressing at same time and maintaining the
closing ring between those elastic parts. The rod and knob may be any of
the specimens described. The closing ring can indifferently receive all the differ-
ent specimens of valve described, and for that a slight modification in the internal
cavity is only required to render it fit to admit either the valves in one part or
those in two parts, the lower portion of which is entering through the bottom
of the piece. The apparatus is easily taken to pieces.. The disc (9) is set
loose and the apparatus reversed, the ring placed in the interior of the piece,
being no longer maintained, drops down, and the spout tube is taken out by
a similar apparatus to that shown at Fig. 43 being inserted thereunto. This
closing ring as well as the piece which contains it may be made of any
substance.
The following Figures will represent new improvements, and some new
modifications of the various models, which have been hereto described.
Fig. 46bis is about the same as 46, save a few slight modifications in the

page_text: details, as for instance, the main piece or head,. instead of having two shrink
pieces, might have but one, upon which the screw ring (8) would be made to
rest. The ascensional tube, instead of being retained by a ring made entirely
of indian-rubber or gutta percha, could be arranged, as at Figs. 28, 31; or be
fastened to a china, or other matter disc placed between two indian-rubber
rings or plugs. The proportions of the pieces are also somewhat altered; as
may be likewise altered the proportions of the various models.
Fig. 47 shows nearly the same model as the preceding Figure; with some
different arrangements. In this model the closing ring, which is similar to the
precedent, instead of entering the head through the upper part, and of being re-
tained by the armature (8 & 9) penetrates in the piece through the lower part
leaning against the upper part of the valve, which is itself retained by the smaller
diameter of the upper part of the central cavity, the knob or ball which ter-
minates the rod (3) slides in this shrunk upper cavity. The rod (3) which
enters the valve is retained there by its so ball-shaped end, which is forced
thereinto. When the closing ring, provided with its valve, has been intro;
duced in the piece, the indian-rubber or gutta percha disc is inserted, which
keeps in the ascensional tube; for this tube being more firmly. maintained, so
that it cannot glide through the disc; and drop into the vessel, its upper part
may be provided with a small flanch, as shown, or enlarged part, as repre-
sented (Fig. 9.) The disc is made to lean against the lower end of the
closing ring, being pressed upon by the upper part of the vessel by means of
the screw armature, which serves to fit moveably the head. to the body of the
vessel.
The following are the advantages presented by this new model suppressing
the upper armature (8 & 9):-Possibility of being mounted on common
bodies of syphons by only fitting the thread. of ancient apparatus to that of the
ring on the head, never requiring but a screw ring, and consequently but a
single fastening operation, in case the vessel utilized should itself be provided.
with a wormed part; lastly, a greater facility in the mounting of the apparatus:
Fig. 48, the rod-terminating ball in the preceding model, can. have but
a limited diameter, which may sometimes be liable to some inconvenience,
for the cavity which contains it, being to retain the valve by the very differ:
ence of. its diameter with the diameter of the cavity which contains the ring,
cannot be itself very wide, or else the head would require a greater width. It
may be, however, possible to increase the surface of the moveable ball without
widening the said head. The valve, and consequently the closing ring, instead
of being retained, and made to lean against a narrower opening, would be
retained by a disc of 'similar substance with the head, with an opening at

page_text: centre for the rod to pass, this disk should be soldered to the piece so as to
hold firmly to it, being not permitted of sliding into the cavity previous to its
being fixed, it might rest upon a circular edge. If the shape of the valve
were found to be an obstacle to its introduction into the closing ring, this
might be formed in two parts which should present two semi-circular valves,
which could be readily assembled after the valve were fitted in. Instead of the
ring being made of two parts, it. could be (according to the nature of its
substance) longitudinally split so as to be set apart for the easier introduction
of the valve, the two sides being afterwards soldered or neared by any suitable
means, which would be readily effected if the substance were vulcanized
indian-rubber, gutta percha, or other substance that can be treated by the
action of heat. In order to attain this end the more easily, the external
circular groove (45) should only exist but on one of the halves, and be so
formed as the edges to be soldered were very sharp. The regular closing of
the two parts would be easily obtained by means of a so shaped pincer as to
embrace the external form of the ring.
Fig. 49 shows a specimen of a valve represented-at-Fig. 27, the form of
the ring being somewhat modified. If the internal circular edge against
which leans the upper part of the valve was not wide enough to maintain it
firmly, a disc of metal, wood, or other suitable substance pierced through with
a hole for admitting the rod (3) might be interposed between said edge and
the valve, if, however, it were not deemed preferable to apply the arrange-
ments described at. Fig. 48. This disc would have the advantage to retain
more easily the rod (3) in case said rod were not given the form indicated at
Fig. 25, that is to say, if the lower part were made stronger than that which
traverses the disc. To prevent the moveable knob from striking directly the
disc (47), a thin leather or indian-rubber plug might be interposed between
the two pieces. In case the valve were introduced in a ring formed of two.
parts joined afterwards, as above explained, the upper part of the ring might
be made without the enlarged part, the piece being no longer slid compressedly
into it. Fig: 49 shows this arrangement of. the ring.
Fig. 50. In case the part containing the head or closing system being of the
same substance as the body of the vessel instead of forming the two pieces
separately, to be connected afterwards by any suitable means to each other, they
might be formed in one piece, and a certain saving be realized by such a mode
of fabrication. Such process could be particularly applicable for glass, china,
and other matters apparatus. This Figure shows an arrangement which
might in this case be adopted. The flanch represented there might be pre
served as an ornament,..and figured when, forming the head part. The first

page_text: shrunk part is intended to retain the ring by which the ascensional tube is to
be secured, and the second one to back the screw ring (8), which is to be
fastened, and retain the whole closing system by means of the disc (9) instead.
of a screw armature (8 & 9) intended to retain the closing system.. The
head piece might be arranged with one or more transverse openings, in which;.
when the various internal pieces are placed, small pins might be inserted;
against which would lean the end of the valve, which would prevent it from
being driven out of the interior of the piece, which is to contain it. Between.
the small transverse pins and the valve a metallic disc could be also placed;
in order to impart more solidity.. This disc might even, be made with some
taps disposed opposite to the transverse openings on the head, so that the pins
may be replaced by screw rods fitting the taps on the disc. This system, which
appears more simple than with the screw armature (8 & 9), will practically
require some degree of attention. I, however, claim its application as well as
that of the various systems described.
'
Fig. 51 shows a stopping system, which may be applied not only to
vessels to contain gaseous liquids, but also to such as are to contain.
either liquid or gaseous fluids, which should not be brought in contact
with metallic parts; and if the said fluid could deteriorate even the indian-
rubber parts, and were only to bear the contact of glass, .china,. or other
similar substances, the apparatus might be arranged as represented by this
Figure (1,) closing cone of glass, china, or other substance being not liable
to be attacked by the fluid the vessel is to contain; this cone is regular
and enters and fills a conical correspondent cavity, which must be equally
very regular, such regularity being necessary for a tight.closing of the
apparatus is obtained if the two pieces are china, glass, or similar matter.by
grinding them upon one another; (2) metallic rod soldered in a hole which
holds the cone (1); (3,) glass or other matter tube of variable length, which
the rod (2) enters, this tube is designed to insulate the expansive part of the
apparatus by holding it apart; (4) glass, or other. natter disc also intended
to protect the expansive elastic part; (5,) elastic or spring like part of the
valve of similar shape and effect, but having larger proportions than Fig. 28.
The elastic power can be augmented or diminished as is increased or diminished
the thickness of the elastic parts that the working of the knob. serving to
open the apparatus is to lengthen, such lengthening is effected by means of
the enlarged part (6) on the second part. of the central rod; in the same
manner as at Fig: 28; (7,) exit opening for the..liquid in which is fastened
the spout tube; (8,) second opening designed to clear completely the interior
of the piece from the remaining. liquid, which by getting along the prolonged
.

page_text: tube (3) might reach at length and deteriorate the elastic part (5), there also
may be fastened a spout tube serving for the fulness. The cone (1) has, for
being easily fitted by means of the central rod (2,) to the second part of the
rod (6,) and for securing and joining the different parts of the closing
apparatus, a projecting part or a square cavity at its lower part, so as to be
taken hold of by a key. This stopping apparatus is joined to the vessel con-
taining the fluid either by collars resting on the projecting parts (9) or by
screw rings.or otherwise; but, as will be understood, the whole can be modified
according to the requirements. I will presently proceed to describe new
arrangements and new improvemements in the apparatus hereto described,
and also some new specimens or models.
Fig; 52 points out a new arrangement of the closing ring, which instead of
being retained, as at Fig. 46, by an upper armature or by the shrunk part of
the central cavity, as at Fig. 47, is retained by a circular projecting external
edge (50) leaning against an interior brim formed by the lower larger part of the
central cavity. This edge (50) of the ring instead of leaning directly against
the head, as indicated by one of the sides of this. Figure, could as well lean
against the upper narrower part of the screw ring, which retains the head as
indicated by the other side of the same Figure, in which latter case, it would
be the screw ring that should stand directly the strain produced by the
gaseous liquid. This ring as that of models (46) & (47,) can receive any
form. of valve; the form represented here is similar as a cone or rather plug
to 'that described and represented, Fig. 38, the elastic or upper part of which
would be similar to that indicated (Fig. 31.) The plug or lower part represented
in this Figure, as that of the models 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, &c. may be of gutta
percha, indian-rubber, leather, or any substance fit for retaining the gaseous
liquid. In order to avoid the small splints which would destroy the regularity
of the droved edges in china or other ceramic pieces, these edges might be
slightly rounded so as to render them more resisting, and principally that on
the end of the spout tube. Such an arrangement is shown in this Figure. In
order to retain and maintain more easily the rod terminating knob this might,
for the models where it is less wide than the central cavity, and can be in-
serted through the lower part (Figs. 47 & 49), be made of larger diameter
than the cavity in which it is moving, so as to be completely embosomed,
and yet move freely there; as in this model the upper part of the valve is not
maintained by any shrunk part in the central opening, as at Fig. 47, in order
to prevent said upper part from being raised by the liquid when the apparatus
is open, it might be retained by a metallic armature pierced through for the
passage of rod (3), which armature or disc should itself be retained by a small

page_text: shrunk part in the central opening, which arrangement is represented by this
Figure. The head is fastened to the vessel in a like manner as that of the
ring (47), either by means of a metallic screw ring fastened thereto, or by
means of screws, which would support the head itself. As regards the threads
formed on china, terra cotta, or other like pieces, I claim the manufacturing
thereof not only from the description above given, but by all methods that
may afterwards prove more efficient in practice, and also of the china, &c:
heads and other pieces, the manufacturing of which I have above claimed.
Fig. 53, the closing ring, instead of being formed of a single piece might
rather be of several superposed parts, between which a thin piece of indian-
rubber, leather, or other should be interposed, in order to secure a tighter
closing, all those parts being, when the apparatus is mounted, pressed upon one
another either by the upper armature (8 & 9), (Fig. 46), or by the wormed
parts which fit the head to the body of the vessel (Fig. 47). In this Figure
(53), the ring is represented in two parts, such an arrangement of the ring in
several parts will permit of the formation of them of different substances.
Thus is this Figure, the upper part of the ring which has the exit opening and
the circular groove may be of indiau-rubber, gutta percha hardened, &c.;
whilst the lower part or cylindrical part may be formed of wood, glass, china;
or other matters. This same Figure also indicates a particular method of
connecting the head with the body of the vessel, as it would be rather pre-
ferable to have the external surface of the head wormed when said head is
formed of china, terra cotta, &c. than to have the thread formed in the interior®
of the lower cavity; in case the vessel were also wormed these two pieces may
be joined by ineans of a metallic or other ring wormed inside so as to admit
the two pieces. Instead of being screwed on the two pieces this external ring
may be fastened by any suitable means on either of the pieces on the vessel, for
instance, and be screwed afterwards on the head, as this Figure indicates,
and vice versa (Fig. 54), or the ring may be a larger diameter than the head,
as shown in this Figure, or have the same diameter as the head, as shown in
the next Figure.
.
Fig. 54 shows another arrangement for maintaining the lower part of the
valve, which arrangement resembles much that shown at Figs. 34, 37, 39,
&c., only, instead of the elastic tube being maintained by the piece which
penetrates it and keeps its end apart under the pressure of an upper armature,
said piece maintains the tube by means of a flanch on its end preventing it
from gliding between the sides of the head and the internal piece, which
means may be applied for maintaining plugs of all sorts.
•
Fig. 55. Instead of applying for the tight closing of the apparatus an indian-
:

page_text: rubber part expanding when the apparatus is opened, a flexible disc.of a similar
substance or even a metallic disc may be made use of, in which latter case great
care should be taken lest the liquid on opening the apparatus should be brought
in contact with the metal, and therefore between said disk and the exit cavity.
a piece of non-attackable matter should be interposed, this being, however, no
obstacle to the free working of the disc. This disc leans on a circular edge on
the, cavity which contains. it, or on a small wood or other ring, as shown by
one of the sides of this Figure. The rod (3) carrying the valve at it lower
end will by its enlarged' upper part leaning on the ball, which terminates it
when the apparatus is. opened, lower the centre of the disc, which will be self-
raised by merely reassuming its normal position, and will carry along with .it
the rod (3) and the valve forming portion, which terminates it when the knob is
released.. In order that the rod (3) in contact with the liquid when, the appa
ratus is open be not an obstacle to the use of these arrangements, it may be
formed of either wood or other non-metallic matter or even of metal coated
over with any bygienic substance.. As to the lower or valve forming portion
it may be either.conical or flat-bottomed and of-indian-rubber, leather, or any
other substance by which the liquid can be retained. The rod (3) may be
connected with this valve either by its end ball, as shown, or rather, if it is
metallic, by the arrangements pointed out at Figs. 28, 29, 30, &c., that is to
say, be screwed on an internal metallic piece on the valve or directly on the
valve itself; or said rod may have its lower part embosomed in the bulk of the.
valve, its upper part entering the nut fastened to the knob, as indicated at
Figs. 56 & 57. For better maintaining the flexible disc an armature, similar
to that shown at Figs. 8 & 9, may be applied, or a simple metallic wood or
other suitable matter ring may be forced into, which permitting of the free
working of the rod (3) would on leaning round upon the flexible disc maintain
it and prevent its rising.. In the model shown, the springing force of the
flexible disc will be proportionate to the resisting power of the substance,
employed as well as of its thickness and expansiveness. The same Figure
also points out an arrangement of the end of the vessel, which will prove very
advantageous for keeping in the ring which is being fastened thereto. -As may.
be seen the end of the vessel is somewhat wider, which arrangement will.
keep in the mastick or other substance applied, and. principally, so if the
ring be provided inside with circular strice or grooves...
Fig. 56 shows the use of a metallic disc serving as spring, and. which for
being more flexible may be undulated slightly all round. Between this and.
the exit cavity there is a piece of indian-rubber; designed to prevent the
contact of the liquid. The valve instead of being fitted in the head directly,

page_text: as in the preceding Figure, is placed in a closing ring made in two parts
superposed (51 & 52), between which is interposed an indian-rubber
piece (58), against which the valve leans. This valve may be either of indian
rubber, leather, or of metal, wood, or other matter. The indian-rubber
washer (58) must be so thick as to resist the pressure which it must undergo.
All the pieces are maintained tightly by means of the disc on the ascensional
tube, in the same manner as at Fig. 53. The flexible disc shown by this
Figure or that shown by the preceding Figure, may be used indifferently with
ring or not, and with any model of valve.
Fig. 57 shows a ring resembling externally that represented at Fig. 52.
the internal arrangement of which, as well as that of the valve, will be under-
stood on a simple survey of the Drawing without any further explanation,
The spring forming portion consists of flexible metallic disc, the action of
which is superadded to that of an indian-rubber disc.
Fig. 58 shows an arrangement of the closing ring similar to that repre
sented at Fig. 56. The ring is also in two parts (51) & (52), separated by
an indian-rubber washer (53), against which the valve leans. This valve is
flat-bottomed. The tubular part, which joins the lower part to the upper disc,
by being lengthened, when the apparatus is opened acts as spring. The
washer (53), which has its central opening of less diameter than the valve,
reassumes when once forced in its former diameter. The closing ring, as all
rings already described, may be of any substance. The upper part (51), for
instance, being of gutta percha, and the lower part (52) of wood, the diameter
of the central opening on the upper part (51) must be wide enough for, the
lower part of the valve being able to traverse it freely.
Fig. 59, the closing ring in this Figure is similar to that in. the preceding
Figure. The valve is conical, and leans against a washer (53), the internal
opening of which is equally conical. This washer (53) is stretched, that the
plug forming portion of the said valve may traverse it. Fig. 59 shows the
same washer separately. This washer can be applied with all sorts of valves..
Fig. 60, closing ring similar to the precedent. The elastic part of the valve
is also similar to that of Fig. 52, but instead of a ball-ended, little rod, the,
elastic tube receives a metallic or non-metallic piece forming, both cone and rod,
and fastened to the button. The washer (53) is shown separately in Fig. 60s
Fig. 61. The valve on this Figure is similar to that in the preceding Figure,,
save the end of it, which is ball-shaped instead of being conical, and has
the rod (3) screwed thereon. The upper part.(51) of the ring instead of
having a central opening wide enough for the valve traversing it, may have
a narrower one, which would maintain the washer more securely, but would

page_text: require that part (51) being made of two semi-cylindrical parts brought near
to each other when once the valve is introduced. In order to augment the
elastic action a small spiral spring may be added, which would tend to lift
the button by carrying off that part of the valve which acts as plug.
Fig. 62. In this Figure the elastic part only consists of a small indian-
rubber tube held by the upper part (51) of the ring by means of a flanch,
which terminates and fastens it to the rod. That part (51) is in two semi-
cylindrical parts, as in the preceding Figure; the plug part being formed of
the same piece with the rod, and either conical as shown in this Figure, or
flat-bottomed as at Fig. 64, &c., and metallic or not.
Fig. 68, the ring is similar to that of Fig. 58. The rod (3) enters the
plug forming part, being fixed by screws or otherwise to the elastic part, the
upper part being held either as shown at this or at the preceding Figure.
Fig. 6.4 is the same as the foregoing one, but in this the spring power resides
in the flexible disc as at Figs. 55, 56, 57. The rod is connected with the
plug either by means of screws, as at Fig. 67, or by being simply forced in:
The plug may be of any form.
:
Fig. 65, in this Figure the valve is similar to that of Fig. 59, only it is not
contained in a ring, but introduced directly into the head. The washer (53)
is the same as at other Figures, and may be simple, as shown in this, or
arranged as represented at Figs. 59 & 60. To maintain it the more firmly it
may be made to lean against a cylinder (52), which should be acted upon by
the disc on the ascensional tube. In order to augment the elastic power of
the valve, a small metallic spring may be applied, as at Figs. 57 & 61.
Fig. 66, the valve is the same as at Figs. 60 & 61, but the elastic tube is held
by the flanch, which terminates it, and which leans against the upper disc (54).
This as well as the washer (53) are of some elastic substance being stretched
for permitting of the lower part of the valve penetrating. The washer (53)
may be held by a cylinder, as in the foregoing Figure, or be simply arranged, as
represented at Fig. 67.
Fig. 67 is similar to the two preceding ones, the elastic part being
arranged, as at Fig. 62, and the plug as at 64. The plug part may
be introduced after the washer (53) is placed, which washer need not be
stretched for traversing; the plug may be formed of leather or other little
or not elastic substance, the same arrangement may take place for the
models represented at Figs. 56, 64, & 68, and for this last Figure, the plug part
being not formed of one same piece with the rod should be fastened only after
the washer is introduced.
T: GO This hi

page_text: .
the rod and plug part are formed of china, glass, or other substance, the
washer (53) is similar to and held, as in Fig. 65 & 66, and in order
to augment the elastic power of the flexible disc, a similar metallic disc
is added, as at Fig. 57, or a small spring, as at Figs. 61 & 65. Instead of
being flat-bottomed the valve part may be conical, or of a form similar to
Fig. 64, and the washer may be arranged as at Figs. 59 & 60. This model
as well as those shown at Figs. 62, 63, 64, 67, shows as regards the valve the
counter part of the Figures 52, 53, 54, &c., in which latter the closing of the
apparatus is effected by means of a moveable elastic piece being applied against
a fixed non-elastic part, such an arrangement may take place with the appli-
cation of a ring or any spring applied, as, closing power. This arrangement
has the advantage of rendering the construction of the apparatus easier.
Fig. 69. In this Figure the ring containing the closing arrangements is fitted
by means of screws directly on the armature fastened to the vessel, which ring
may be as well as the above described either non-metallic or of some hygienic
metal. The upper part has on each side on a certain portion of its size a pro-
jecting edge (55) Fig, 69, which holds the closing head. This flanch enters
a cavity on the head, which prevents the ring from turning in the interior of
the piece, and permits of its being screwed on the armature of the vessel. The
same result may be attained by some notches or longitudinal grooves being
made on the upper cavity of the head, and also on the part of the ring, which
is to be fitted there. As regards the system of valve, which may be contained
in the ring any of those above described may be applied. The valve rod,
instead of having a split for permitting of its being more easily engaged into the
nut which contains the button or ball, may be arranged so as to receive a key,
and the application of a flexible disc, metallic or not, may also be substituted
for a spiral spring.
i
Fig. 70 is similar to the foregoing model only the head instead of being
held internally by the ring is held by means of either the projecting
circular edge (56), or the same screwed on the ring (59), as shown by
the other side of the Figure. Instead of the ring being set by screws, as
indicated by this Figure, the same may be fastened or screwed on an armature
made with external threads, or on the very vessel, if the latter were wormed, and in
this case the china, glass, terra cotta, &c., head should be modified according to
the form of the ring. In this model, as in the preceding one, in-order that the
projecting parts (55), (56), (59), which are to hold the head have not to lean
directly on this piece, and in order to effect a more efficient closing, washers
(57) & (59) may be interposed between these parts. In order that the.valye

page_text: rod may easily pass into the nut fastened to the ball without this pivoting on
itself'said nut should be, as well as the cavity in which it is engaged, formed
with sides cut, and a similar arrangement should also take place for the ball
or button on which the valve rod is screwed, as shown.at Figs. 56, 57, &c., in
this-case it is the button itself, and the cavity into which it his engaged, which
should be squared or be of such form as not to allow of the button turning
upon itself. Instead of a single exit hole, the closing ring in the different
models represented may have many all formed within the circular groove; and,
for giving the wood pieces a greater degree of resistance and solidity, they may
be either varnished or dipped in a wax or other substance solution. (When
the two sides of a same figure differ, this is to indicate that both arrangements
are equally applicable), and all the new means and modifications herein
described may be applied, either jointly or combined with one another or
with such as have been described. The following are some new models, and
some new arrangements in apparatus already described.
.
Fig. 71 (1) moveable closing ring like those which have been precedently
described of gutta percha, or other substance, made to lean against a pro-
jecting part on the central opening of the head, and containing the lower part
of the plug valve; (2), this is of indian-rubber, or other suitable matter, and
is prolonged at its upper part, and forms a tube; a metallic or non-metallic
rod is held and somehow embosomed in its bulk, whether it has been placed
there at the same time the plug was formed, or has been afterwards forced
into it. This internal rod for being better embodied and held in the plug, and
the tubular part which terminates it should be formed with some grooves or
strio. (4), elastic compressible piece of indian-rubber, or other like substance;
(5), nut fastened to the ball or button, and upon which is screwed the end of
the rod (3); a thin washer, metallic or not, should be placed between the
moveable ball and the elastic piéce (4), so as to prevent this from. being
deteriorated; when the ball on turning and being screwed on rod (3) will press
upon it, and in order to obtain an easier and tighter closing of the apparatus,
the conical opening which is to receive the plug may be grooved' or striated
instead of being smooth. It is now easy to understand the working of the
apparatus provided with such arrangements:-When the button or ball is
screwed on the rod (3) by the elastic piece being compressed, 'slightly indeed;
but sufficiently to secure the tight closing. of the apparatus, if the button or
knob is pressed upon, the piece (4) will be contracted, the rod (3); which is
fastened on the knob will, by being lowered, carry along the plug which
terminates it, and which, by ceasing to be applied against the exit opening)

page_text: will allow of the escape of the liquid. When the knob is released, the elastic
piece (4) will reassume its former shape, and raise the knob, which, carrying
the rod (3), will apply the plug against the exit opening.
Fig. 72. Instead of being moveable, the piece (1) against which leans
the plug, or that portion of the valve which closes the exit opening is.
secured to the head. This piece (1) may be of gutta percha; mastick, or;
other suitable matter, and for securing a better adherence to the head,.
this is to be formed with some grooves or striæ; the same piece (1) may
be formed directly with the head, or cast separately, and afterwards fastened:
thereon, and also the conical regular opening which it is to have may
be formed at once with the piece, or afterwards, or even when the piece
has been placed and fitted in the head. The conical opening may be
either smooth or striated round, as shown. Lastly, the whole system of
elastic power which is to act as spring for the tight closing of the apparatus
may be either one of those above described, or one of those to be described.
hereafter.
.
Fig. 73 shows an arrangement very much like to that of the preceding Figure.
In this Figure 78 the external piece or head has a large central opening.
grooved all round, which circular grooves (7) are intended to maintain the
internal piece (1), formed with or suitably fastened to the opening of the valve,
which opening may be made either smooth or striated, as in the foregoing.
Figure.
Fig. 74.. In this Figure the piece (1) acts exactly as the same pièce
(Fig. 73), only for more solidity; instead of being held by simple striæ, it is?
formed directly with the head, and held by a projecting part on the central.
opening. As for the plug and elastic portion forming spring (save the form:
which has been somewhat modified), this Figure shows the same. arrange-:
ments as Fig. 71, only the plug is striated. and. the opening which admits it,
is smooth. In case the rod (3) is metallic, it should be varnished or enamelled,:
or otherwise coated, for avoiding the direct contact of the liquid.with. thei
metal. The piece (1) in this Figure, as at Figs. 72 & 73, may be of any
suitable substance, preferably non-metallic, or it should be made of a metal.
unnoxious to health.
Fig. 75. In this Figure the part (1), against which léans the valve plug,:
is moveable, and formed of indian-rubber or the like; the opening of the
valve may be either smooth or striated as shown. This piece (1) is held by a
small cylinder (9) of wood, glass, china, or any substance, against which leans:
the disc of the ascensional tube. The plug closing the exit opening may be
like to that applied at Fig. 71, and made of indian-rubber or other elastic or.

page_text: nou-elastic substance, like gutta percha, vulcanized caoutchouc, &c., or even
of some varnished or enamelled metal; the spring or elastic portion is the
same as at Figs. 71, 74.
Fig. 76 shows, as concerns the striated part of the valve, the counter part
of the preceding Figure, the opening on the elastic part is smooth and the
plug striated; this may be of non-metallic substance, or it should rather have
an internal metallic part serving to screw it on the ball or button nut.
4
Fig. 77. In this Figure the ring is similar to that of Fig. 47, several exit
lioles leading into the circular groove are shown, and the opening of the
valve has also circular striæ; the valve is similar to that of Fig. 47, but its
upper part or washer (10) instead of being in one piece with the lower part or
plug is formed separately, and fastened afterwards by means of a flanch or
otherwise. In order to augment the spring or elastic power of the valve, there
may be added an elastic compressible piece forming spring, and similar to that
of Figs. 71, 74, 75, or a helical spring as at Figs. 61 & 65. The rod (3)
which contains the plug part, should be arranged so as to be held together
with that part, whether it be prevented by. its own form from getting out
when once got in, or it has been fitted in the piece when this. was formed.
.
Fig. 78. In this Figure the ring containing the closing arrangements is
screwed directly on the metallic ring fastened to the vessel, so that it is no
Jonger necessary that the head holds it, which arrangement will permit of the
head being removed and changed even whilst the vessel is filled, for it is
entirely moveable and distinct from the closing system, acting only, as jacket
and spout bearer, and being also fastened by means of screws on the ring on
the vessel, which, as shown, has an external and an internal thread. The
ring containing the closing dispositions may be of any non-metallic sub-
stance, and also metallic, but formed of a metal unnoxious to health: Those
closing arrangements may be of any of those indicated above. The arrange-
ments pointed out by this Figure are the same as at Fig. 77, the plug part
being prolonged in a form of tube for insulating the metallic rod which serves
for the working of the apparatus, the part forming spring is similar to that of
Figs. 71, 74, &c.
Fig. 79. Instead of a rigid moveable disc distinct from the valve, as indicated
at Figs. 49, 52, 53, 58, &c., a rigid disc (11), metallic or not, may be added.to
the valve, which disc should be fitted in the interior of that piece once formed,
as this Figure points out. In order that this disc-may be better embodied with
the indian-rubber parts which are to involve it, it may be pierced through
with a certain number of holes, through which,.on the piece being moulded, the
indian-rubber will join and embosom it more easily. This Figure also points

page_text: out another arrangement of the closing ring; which, instead of being formed
of one same piece and same substance, as shown at Fig. 77, is in this
Figure made of two parts, and two different substances (13) external part made
of china; terra cotta, glass, enamelled or vitrified, cast iron, wood; or other
substance unattackable by the liquid with a large central opening, into which
fits the internal part (14), which is made of any mastick or other substance
unnoxious to health, and has the regular opening against which the plug of
the valve is to be applied. This internal part (14) may, according to the
substance it is made of, be cast directly into the piece (13), or formed sepa-
rately, and fastened afterwards. The opening that is to receive it should be
so, as this piece once formed may be solidly maintained, and embodied with
the external piece. This result may be obtained by the internal part of the
ring being disposed, as shown by either side of this Figure, or with striæ, as at
Fig. 78. The circular striæ intended to secure more easily the tight closing
of the valve Figs. 71, 72, 76, &c.,) may exist not only between an elastic
and another non-elastic part, but yet between two elastic parts, one of which
only should be striated. Instead of the exit opening being, as the plug which
is to close it, of conical form, these may be with a flat part, as at Figs. 27,
49, 58, &c. The elastic compressible part (4) in the foregoing Figures may
be of any form and size with a spring power proportionate to its bulk and
shape, and also according to the mode of compression exerted thereon. Instead
of this piece (4) being used for obtaining the tight' closing of the preceding
apparatus, a metallic disc, like to those indicated at Figs. 56 & 57, or a helical
spring, as at Figs. 61 & 65, may be made use of. All the new arrangements,
indications, and combinations may take place either jointly or separately, or
in combination between them and with each other.
I. will now describe some new specimens or models, and also some modifi..
cations and improvements in those already described.
Fig. 80. The closing system in this Figure is similar to that shown
at Fig. 47, only the cone-shaped plug is replaced by a ball-shaped one,
the work and effect being the samé. The opening which receives this!
plug may be made smooth instead of being formed with circular striæ,
as shown by one of the sides of this Figure. The closing ring, instead
of being pierced through its upper part with one or more exit holes leading
into a circular groove, is at its upper part formed with one or more
notches into a shrunk or grooved part. The advantage of this disposition,
the results of which are the same as for the foregoing arrangement, is
that it renders easier the manufacturing of the ring. This ring, instead of
being free to lean simply against the washer on the ascensional tube, as at
C

page_text: Fig. 47, is in this Figure screwed directly 'on the metallic armature of the
vessel; as at Fig. 78.
In order to make the. washer on the ascensional tube more rigid, less
flexible, and yet preserving its elasticity without rendering it thicker, a
metallic disk may be embosomed into its bulk, as has been done at Fig. 76,
and to facilitate the closing of the apparatus, that part of the ring which rests
upon the disc on the ascensional tube may be made with circular strice, which
would prevent the liquid or gas from cscaping between these two pieces. The
same arrangement may be applied to all the models for which the ring is
adopted. A small elastic washer A may also be fitted between the upper part
of the armature of the vessel, and the ring for preventing the liquid from
reaching the metallic parts.
Fig. 81. The closing arrangements in this Figure are similar to those of
the models with conical plug, but instead of being introduced into the cavity
which is to receive it by the top; the ring is inserted by the lower part; it is
the upper part of the valve which is forced across the piece, and which after
having traversed is stopped by its reassuming its form, and produces the
tension of the .elastic part forming spring. The same arrangement may be
applied as well with a flat bottom, and the part which traverses the piece may
instead of being stopped by a flat part, have a more or less conical form, as
Fig. 81 represents it.
Fig. 82 points out a closing apparatus, which is similar to that shown at,
Fig. 70, but in order that on mounting or setting up the apparatus the indian-
rubber piece with conical opening (3) for receiving the closing cone may not
be damaged; this piece is not introduced directly, but it is placed in a cylinder,
which undergoes the pressure and prevents the said piece from being deformed;
that piece is made to rest upon a projecting edge, that it may not slide across
the ring, and is held at its upper part by a ring, which compresses it slightly;
this ring is pierced with one or more exit..holes, and forms, by reason of its
unequal diameter, some circular groove-like undulations. As to the plug
portion, this may be either like the elastic cone shown at Figs. 46, 71, 74, &c.,
or the non-elastic one shown.at Figs. 75, 76, &c., or the spherical elastic form
shown at Fig. 80, or any other non-elastic one of any form. The spring
forming portion may be as any of the arrangements described, and the rod
may be secured to the knob in any manner, either as indicated by this Figure
or by any other means.
Fig. 88. Instead of being placed as indicated by the preceding Figure, the
conical piece with opening may be arranged as in this figure; where it is held
between the cylinder and the washer pierced with exit holes; but it is much

page_text: a
thinner that it may not deform the part on which pressure is to be exerted,
being only placed there for preventing said piece from sliding across the
cylinder and for securing a tight closing. This form of washer may be adopted
with the arrangements pointed out at Figs. 75 & 76; instead of being of
the same diameter as the opening on the cylinder this indian-rubber piece (3)
may have a smaller one which will impart to it more elasticity and allow of
slight stretching under the action of the conical plug and also ensure a
very tight closing; As for the means of connecting the plug with the knob,
and the arrangements which constitute the spring or elastic portion, they may
be the same as shown in this figure or any of the methods already described;
Fig. 84. In this Figure the closing is effected by means of a rod (1) of any
non-elastic substance disposed in a plug (2) at its lower part and leaning
against an indian-rubber washer (3), (which washer may be of any other
suitable substance.) This washer leans against a wood or other ring pierced
with exit openings and forming a sort of circular groove; above this non-elastic
ring is placed an india-rubber, leather, or other like matter washer (5) through
which is forced the rod (1) fitting into a piece (6) screwing on the knob or
button. In order that the china, glass, or other button, may not undergo
in a direct way the action of the helical spring, which is a closing agent, the
nut (7) on the button may be arranged as shown by this Figure, so that its
lower part be flat against which the spring should rest and upon which the button
should be secured, between this spring and the elastic plug (5) a small metallic
washer may be placed for protecting the elastic washer. The washer (3) is
held by a cylinder like to the models 60, 61, 62, &c., against which cylinder
leans the disc of the additional tube. In order to better ensure a tight closing
this cylinder may be provided at both ends with circular strice, as indicated
by one of the sides of this Figure. The same arrangement may be applied to
all models to which either a cylinder or a ring are applied, and the plug por-
tion may be either smooth or striated, also represented by one of the sides of
this Figure.
Fig. 85. In this model the closing is effected by means of an indian-
rubber, leather, or other part applied against another piece of similar sub-
stance. These arrangements bear a great degree of similitude with those
of the preceding Figure, as will be easily understood by a simple survey of
this Figure. As for the cylinder and the spring power, they may be arranged
as in this or in the foregoing Figure.
Fig. 86. In this Figure the closing is effected by means of an elastic
flat-bottomed plug applied against the surface of a ring. This plug of
indian-rubber, leather, or other matter may be arranged as in this or the

page_text: foregoing Figure; the rod may be metallic and varnished or enamelled,
or it may be disposed, as at Figs. 71, 74, 85, &c.; or again it may
be non-metallic, the spring force may be disposed, as indicated in this
or the foregoing Figures, the ring may be set free, as at Figs. 77
79, &c., or set by means of screws on the armature of the vessel. The
same arrangement may hold good with all rings containing any system of
valve, which may be set by screws on the armature of the vessel or set free
within the interior of the head. Instead of being metallic, the screw ring
fitted on the head may be of non-metallic substance, and be, according to its
nature, either cast directly in the head, or formed separately, and secured
afterwards by any suitable means; the threads may be formed before or after
said ring has been fixed; the ring itself may be formed of vulcanized indian-
rubber; or any other suitable substance. By this latter arrangement all
metallic principle will be cleared in the construction of the apparatus, supposing
the vessel is, as in this 'Figure, formed with threads, or with a ring, as at
Fig. 23, formed of non-metallic substance. The recess in the head for
feceiving the ring and vessel end should have such a form as to hold them
more easily, or be made with striæ, grooves, &c.; or it should-be-disposed in
the manner shown at Fig. 12, 14, 16, 19, &c., which 'modifications, com-
binations, &c., may take place either jointly or separately, as has been
described.
*Having thus described the nature of the said arrangements, in stopping
bottles and other vessels for containing gaseous liquids, I desire it to be
distinctly understood that what I claim as new and as being of my Inven-
tion is,―
.
First, the improvements herein specified in apparatus for stopping bottles or
other vessels in which are contained gaseous liquids, which liquids cannot
thereby come in contact with any metallic parts in the said apparatus.
Secondly, the arrangements fully described and illustrated in the various
models or figures annexed to the present Specification.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ferdinand Gabriel Migent de Baran,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of August,
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
in the
F. GABRIEL MIGEOT DE BAKAN. (L.S.)