CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN BLEACHING
Year: 1852

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM
ESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, KLICHARD
BEALEY, of Radcliffe, in the County of Lancaster, Bleacher, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by
Her, Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Twentieth day of July, One thousand eight hundred and
fifty-two, and in the sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs
and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Richard Bealey, Her
especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said
Richard Bealey, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, and such others as I, the
said Richard Bealey, my exors, adiñors, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of
years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, ny
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN BLEACHING," in
which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said Richard
Bealey, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be enrolled in Her
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and
by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Richard Bealey, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention, and

page_text: the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described
and ascertained in and by the Drawings hereto annexed, and the following
explanation thereof, that is to say :-
My improvements consist in a novel arrangement of apparatus constituting
a steam kier, to be used for bleaching textile fabrics, yarns, rags for paper
making, or other materials which may be operated upon by the kier system.
According to the usual method by which the process is conducted, the bleaching
liquor is heated by steam, which is introduced direct into the kier, and it is
caused to rise so as to affect a circulation by means of a central pipe which is
open at bottom to the general body of the liquor, whereas, according to my
improvement, it is heated within a chamber or pipe situate on the outside, by
which arrangement of apparatus I effect a less obstructed circulation of the
liquor, so as to economise fuel and avoid that tremulous motion in the kier
which when operating with some descriptions of goods is productive of great
loss. In the accompanying Drawing, Fig. 1 represents a sectional view of one
form of my improved apparatus. The kier of any ordinary construction is
shewn at a, provided with the usual grating b; to the bottom is attached a
pipe c, the other end of which is fixed to the lower part of a chamber d, the
upper end thereof being provided with a pipe e; this pipe is connected
by means of a water-tight swivel joint f to a horizontal pipe g, which is there-
fore capable of being turned so as to cause it to occupy a position over the
kier or on one side thereof; to the lower part of the chamber d is attached a
pipe h provided at i with a steam valve, and connected above to a steam pipe j,
proceeding from any ordinary steam generating apparatus; the method of
operation is as follows:-The pipe j is turned on one side and the liquor and
goods placed in the kier as usual; water being then introduced the ley will flow
through the pipe c, chamber d, and pipe e, until the necessary quantity has
been applied. The pipe g is then turned to its position over the kier and the
valve i opened so as to allow the steam to flow into the chamber d. Upon the
liquor becoming sufficiently heated it will rise into the pipe e, and flow through
the pipe g on to the goods in the kier, and loosing there a portion of its beat
will descend by reason of its greater specific gravity until again heated within
the chamber d; by these means a circulation of the fluid will be maintained,
the upward current of which is independent of, and therefore not obstructed by,
the descending column. When the operation has been completed, the liquor
is withdrawn through the cock c*. Fig. 2 represents in section a modification
of my improvement, shewing how the same may, if desired, be combined with
the ordinary central pipe. The kier a with its grating are as before of the
usual construction; the central pipe k, however, instead of terminating as in

page_text: the ordinary construction at the grating b, is continued through the bottom
and attached to the upper part of a chamber d, which chamber is provided
with a pipe h communicating with the steam generating apparatus, and with
another 1, open at top to the lower portion of the kier. The liquor heated in
the chamber d will flow upward through the central pipe k, falling over at the
top and descending through the goods to that portion of the kier below the
grating, from whence it passes through the pipe to the heating chamber d,
and so on, the circulation being thus effected without the ascending column
mingling with that which is descending.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to be
understood that I claim, as secured to me under the above in part recited
Letters Patent, the application of steam to a vessel or pipe situate on the
outside of the kier for the purpose of heating the liquor.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Bealey, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of January, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-throo