Improvements in Stoves or Heating Apparatus with Superposed Fire-grates.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 19th May, 1898-Accepted, 30th July, 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Stoves or Heating Apparatus with Superposed
Fire-grates.
I, JESS ADOLPH JENSEN, of 3, Colbjornsensgade, Kopenhagen, in the Kingdom
of Denmark, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
Heating apparatus and more especially heating stoves are frequently required
to consume on occasion from five to ten times as large an amount of fuel as at
other times. At the same time such apparatus are expected to admit of being
easily attended to, without requiring any special skill on the part of the atten-
dant.
This invention has for its object to meet the above requirements and is herein-
after described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1
is a vertical section of a stove constructed according to this invention; Figs. 2
to 4 are elevations of air feed devices. Fig. 5 is a sectional elevation of part of a
stove with a modified form of air feed device applied thereto. Fig. 6 is a plan
of one of the grates and Fig. 7 is a front elevation with the cover on, and off,
of the air feed device shown in Fig. 5.
The heating apparatus comprises a fuel-receiver 1, provided with the usual
bottom-grate 2, ash-pit 3, feed-tube 4, and flue 5. Upon one portion of the fuel
receiver, gratings 6, usually inclined, are so arranged, that a continuous row of
hollow spaces 7 is formed, which spaces are separated from one another, partly
or entirely, by thin layers of fuel. The number of these hollow spaces or com-
bustion-chambers is equal to that of the gratings plus one.
The first space or
chamber is formed between the lowermost inclined grate
grate 2, while the last space or chamber is formed above the topmost grate_6.
The feed-tube 4 may be constructed in the form of a cylindrical grate. The
remaining part of the fuel-receiver is constructed as smoothly as possible, so
as to enable. the coals to easily descend and so that, apart from the hollow spaces
above referred to, no further spaces or chambers are formed.
and the bottom-
According to Fig. 1, each combustion-chamber 7 is provided with an air-
valve 8. When the coal or fuel is kindled upon the bottom grate, the gases
are caused to traverse all the hollow spaces, thus heating the fuel within or in
contact therewith, so that, on subsequently opening the air-valves, the fuel
becomes ignited whereby, if so desired, a combustion may be obtained through-
out the hollow spaces or chambers. The heating gases will always travel through
the gratings, instead of passing through the intermediate spaces formed between
the fuel, accumulating in the fuel-receiver, consequently the combustion will
not materially extend into the fuel-column, so that the fuel serves as an efficient
medium for preventing the walls of the receiver from being burnt. By means
of the air-valves the heating capacity of the stove admits of being varied within
very wide limits, and the temperature can be easily so regulated, that the walls
forming the combustion-chambers, are likewise prevented from over-heating.
For this purpose it is absolutely necessary that the air be suitably distributed

page_text: and its volume be exactly fixed or measured. To obtain such regulation, appro-
priate rotary slides or dampers are used, which are either, as shown in Fig. 2,
provided with arms 9 pivoted to a common connecting bar 10, or one slide or
damper in common is employed. In the latter case the conduits are, according
to Figs. 3 and 4 arranged concentrically, so as to admit of their being opened
individually or collectively, in a given succession. In this case it is, of course,
necessary that special conduits, not too small in cross-section, be provided, which
establish communication with the several constituent .combustion-places or
chambers. The slide or damper may also be flat and receive a rectilinear move-
ment, or may be cylindrical, receiving a rectilinear, a rotary or combined
movement, or may be conical and receiving a rotary movement and in these
cases the surface, in which the conduits-always properly set or displaced rela-
tively to each other terminate, must also receive a corresponding shape.
An arrangement of air-conduits, as especially suitable for stoves, is represented
in Figs. 5 and 7. In this case only two conduits are provided, one of which
communicates with the ash-pit 3, and the other with the lower-most combustion
chamber 7, which said two spaces are separated by the diaphragm 12. In this
case the superposed gratings 6 are so arranged, that only a portion of the grate-
openings is closed up by fuel, so that a sufficient opening for the passage of the
unconsumed air of combustion is retained. This air is then used in the upper
combustion chamber or chambers and its volume is regulated according to the
extent of the combustion required. In order to know exactly, how to adjust
the slide or damper to any desired heating capacity, the said slide or damper
is provided with a pointer 13, indicating the various positions upon a gradua-
tion 14. Both conduits 11 are so arranged, that, during the kindling and the
first stage of firing, air can only be supplied from below the bottom grate and
likewise during the progressing ignition, so that the ignition propagates in an
upward direction, whereas on moving the slide or damper in the inverse direc-
tion the extinction of the fire takes place in a downward direction.
In order to adapt a stove to all the various conditions of air feed, it is con-
venient to arrange the air-conduits in a special disc or cartridge-shaped box
or casing 15. This disc or box is fitted with conduits or slots of various cross-
section, so as to always enable the operator to manage the fire, whether the
chimney-draught be strong or weak; and should the furnace in exceptional
cases be fitted with an improperly adjusted disc or box, the box can be readily
exchanged.
This heating device is especially suitable for burning fuel which is poor in
gas, in which case the produced gases are instantly consumed by the flames in
the chambers 7, while the temperature, without attaining a degree such as to
injure the walls of the apparatus can be exactly so adjusted, that a complete
combustion is obtained.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. A stove or heating apparatus in which the fuel receiver 1, limited by a
bottom-grate 2 has one portion of its periphery, either throughout its height or
through a portion of its height, provided with gratings 6, whereby a continuous
row of hollow spaces or combustion-chambers 7 is formed, to which feed-air is
supplied by appropriate devices, for the purpose of causing the combustion to
take place upon all the gratings 6, or upon some of them, according to require-
ment.
2. In a stove or heating apparatus in which the fuel receiver 1, limited by a
bottom-grate 2 has one portion of its periphery, either throughout its height or
through a portion of its height, provided with gratings 6, whereby a continuous
row of hollow spaces or combustion-chambers 7 is formed, to which feed-air is
supplied; an air-feed device, characterised by a range of conduits or channels 11

page_text: closable by semi-circular rotary slides or dampers, one of the conduits being in
communication with the ash-pit 3 of the heating apparatus, and the other
conduits communicating with the chambers 7, the rotary slides or dampers of
these conduits being each provided with an arm 9 and jointly connected by a
drawing-bar 10; the conduits occupying such a position relatively to each other,
as to admit of their being opened in succession either individually or collectively,
that is to say, one, two or more at a time, so as to allow of the air-feed being
raised from zero to the maximum amount, according to requirement, while a
graduation 14 with movable pointer 13 is provided upon one of the slides, so
that from the position of the said pointer, it may be seen, which of the conduits
are open and which of them are either entirely or partially closed.
3. In a stove or heating apparatus in which the fuel receiver 1, limited by a
bottom-grate 2 has one portion of its periphery, either throughout its height or
through a portion of its height, provided with gratings 6, whereby a continuous
row of hollow spaces or combustion-chambers 7 is formed, to which feed-air is
supplied; an air feed device, in which the air-conduits pass from the several
combustion chambers to a central regulating device, and, being displaced rela-
tively to each other as mentioned, terminate in a plane, conical or cylindrical
surface, while a plane, conical or cylindrical slide or damper regulates the supply
of air to the various combustion chambers by imparting to it a rotary or slide
movement or either movement combined; according to the outlet surface employed.
4. In a stove or heating apparatus in which the fuel receiver 1, limited by a
bottom-grate 2 has one portion of its periphery, either throughout its height
or through a portion of its height, provided with gratings 6, whereby a continuous
row of hollow spaces or combustion-chambers 7 is formed, to which feed-air is
supplied; an air-feed device in which only two conduits 11, separated by a
diaphragm 12, are provided, one of which, leading to the ash-pit 3, serves to
supply air from underneath the bottom plate 2, and the other to convey air to
the lower-most combustion chamber 7, these conduits being usually so displaced
relatively to each other, that the air is at first passed only into the ash-pit 3,
then simultaneously into the ash-pit 3 and into the lowermost chamber 7.
5. In a stove or heating apparatus in which the fuel receiver 1, limited by a
bottom-grate 2 has one portion of its periphery, either throughout its height or
through a portion of its height, provided with gratings 6, whereby a continuous
row of hollow spaces or combustion-chambers 7 is formed, to which feed-air is
supplied; an air-feed device arranged in a special exchangeable cartridge shaped
box or casing 15, in order to adapt one and the same type of furnace to all the
various conditions of air feed by inserting a cartridge with corresponding open-
ings or passages.
D
th: 10+1 1...
V 1000
WHEATLEY & MACKENZIE,
40, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agents.