Punching, Shearing, Chipping, and Caulking Machinery.
Year: 1886

page_text: Punching, Shearing, Chipping, and Caulking Machinery.
1, FREDERICK JOHN ROWAN, of 134 Saint Vincent Street, Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
Invention to be as follows, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates to hammering and other machinery of a kind actuated or
controlled by electric or electro-magnetic appliances and which may be either portable
or stationary; and my Invention comprises improvements on or developments of the
Invention described in my Patent Specification No. 815 of 1882.
In carrying out my Invention I construct portable machines which with their
bolsters, dollys, or holders-up, are attached or held to the work by electro magnets
capable of withstanding the thrust or blow of the working mechanism. In some
cases the holding-up or resisting parts instead of being separate from the operating
parts, may be upon a jaw made either in the same piece with or jointed to the operating
part. In the case of stationary machines electro magnets may be used for holding
the work against the thrust or blow of the operating instrument, the electro magnets
being placed so that the strain is at right angles or nearly so to the magnetically
adhering surfaces.
I employ electro-dynamic motors for working hammering instruments for riveting,
chipping, caulking or similar operations, the notor details being in most cases
arranged at the side of the electro magnets which attach the machine to the work.
The high speed initially imparted to the armature of the motor is reduced by spur,
bevil, or worm gearing, which is arranged to drive a shaft placed at right angles to
the direction of motion of the hammer or instrument. In one modification the shaft
has on it a spiral or volute cam, and in another modification it by means of a bevil
pinion drives a helical cam supported and guided by rollers. In both modifications
the cam moves the hammer or instrument away from the work, and causes it to
compress one or more springs which reacting after the passage of the cam give the
hammer or instrument its operating stroke. The instrument compresses the spring or

page_text: springs against an abutment which is arranged so as to be capable of easy adjustment,
and the stroko is thus rendered alterable as regards its force by adjusting the abutment
so that the spring or springs may be more or less compressed. This mode of adjusting
the stroke of the hammer or instrument is applicable whatever may be the mode of
compressing the spring or springs.
Instead of working the hanimer or instrument by a cam actuated by a rotating
motor, one or more electro magnets or solenoids may be arranged to move it directly
or through toggle or other levers.
The bolster or holder-up used with a riveting tool is held between the poles of a
double electro magnet which attaches itself to the plating or framing. The necessary
pressure may be applied to the bolster or holder-up by a spring, the electro-magnets
being made strong enough to sufficiently compress the spring; it is however in some
cases preferable to apply the pressure to the bolster or holder-up by a separate electro
magnet or by a solenoid, which need not be excited until the main electro magnets
have well taken hold of the work. Or, where a spring is used it may be arranged so
as not to be compressed whilst the electro magnets are taking hold, a lever or screw
being provided for compressing it afterwards. In some cases a curved arm provided
with a small bolster or holder-up is fixed to the attaching magnets and the bolster on
this arm can be applied to a rivet in a confined space whilst the electro magnets which
hold it in position are made to attach themselves at one side.
Dated this Twenty second day of July 1886
EDMUND HUNT,
Applicant's Agent.

page_text: Punching, Shearing, Chipping, and Caulking Machinery.
I, FREDERICK JOHN ROWAN. of 134 Saint Vincent Street, Glasgow, in the County
of Lanark, North Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, that is to say :-
My said Invention relates to hammering and other machinery of a kind actuated or
controlled by electric or electro-magnetic appliances and which may be either portable
or stationary; and my Invention comprises improvements on or developments of the
Invention described in my Patent Specification No. 815 of 1882.
In carrying out my invention I construct portable machines which with their
bolsters, dollys, or holders-up, are attached or held to the work by electro magnets
capable of withstanding thethrust or blow of the working mechanism; and I employ
electro-dynamic motors for working hammering instruments for riveting, chipping,
caulking, or similar operations.
And in order that my said Invention and the manner of performing the same
may be properly understood I hereunto append five sheets of explanatory drawings
to be hereinafter referred to and representing a few examples of the various
modifications of apparatus which may be used in carrying out my Invention.
In some cases the holding-up or resisting parts instead of being separate from the
operating parts may be, as shown on sheet, 1, of the accompanying drawings upon a
jaw, A, made either in the same piece with or jointed to the jaw or part, B, carrying
the operating instrument. In the modification shown in figure, 1, which is a sectional
elevation, the jaws, B, A, are hinged together like a pair of scissors upon a centre
pin, C, by means of which the tool can be suspended. The bolster, D, is fixed to one
jaw, A, and the riveting die, E, to the other jaw, B; and the force is applied by means
of an electro-magnet, M, fixed to the jaw, B, at the end on the other side of the joint,
and which acts on the prolongation, N, of the jaw, A, carrying the bolster, D. In the
modification shown in figure, 2, the jaws, B, A, are made with arms, F, G, connected
by a pair of toggle links, H, to the middle joint of which an armature, J, is connected
to be attracted by an electro-magnet, M, fixed to a bracket, K, on the centre pin, C.
In the modification shown in figure, 3, the jaws, B, A, are arranged to rock on a centre
pin, c, and between bearings, L, concentric with the pin, e, and tied together by long
bolts. In this case the acting ends of the jaws, B, A, are forced together by forcing
their other ends apart, and for this purpose a solenoid, S, is applied being fixed to
one jaw piece whilst the core, T, for it to act on is fixed to the other jaw piece.
In the case of stationary machines electro magnets are by my invention used for
holding the work against the thrust or blow of the operating instrument, the electro
magnets being placed so that the strain is at right angles or nearly so to the
magnetically adhering surfaces.

page_text: When using electro-dynamic motors for working hammering instruments I have
the motor details in most cases arranged at the side of the electro magnets which
attach the machine to the work. The high speed initially imparted to the rotating
armature of the motor is reduced by spur, bevil, worm, or frictional gearing which is
arranged to drive a shaft placed at right angles to the direction of motion of the
hammer or instrument. In one modification shown in section in figure, 4, on sheet, 2,
of the drawings, the shaft, 11, just referred to, is driven by means of a spurwheel, 12,
on it and in gear with a pinion, 13, on a shaft, 14, which has on it a large bevil
wheel, 15, driven by a bevil pinion, 16, on the armature shaft, 17, of the electro
dynamic motor, P. The shaft, 11, has fixed on it a spiral or volute cam, 18, shown
in face view in figure, 5, whilst in another modification shown in section in figure, 6,
sheet, 3, the shaft, 14, by a bevil pinion, 19, gearing with a ring, 20, of bevil teeth
drives a helical cam, 21, supported and guided by rollers, 22, 23. In each modification
the cam, 18, or 21, moves the hammer or instrument, 24, away from the work and
causes it to compress a spring, 25, (or it might be two or more springs) which,
reacting after the passage of the most projecting part of the cam, gives the hammer or
instrument, 24, its operating stroke. The instrument compresses the spring, 25,
against a plate or abutment, 26, which is arranged so as to be capable of easy
adjustment, and the stroke is thus rendered alterable as regards its force by adjusting
the abutment, 26, so that the spring, 25, may be more or less compressed. In the
modifications shown in figures, 4, and 6, the abutment, 26, is guided in a box, 27, and
is held in position by two rods, 28, which are made with screw threads working in
internal screws in the end of the box, 27. One of the rods, 28, has a handwheel, 29,
fixed on its upper end and the two rods are geared together by a pair of spurwheels, 30,
one rod being made with a right-hand and the other with a left-hand screw.
holding-on magnets, Q, are enclosed in a casing or frame, 31, to one side of which
is fixed the frame, 32, of the electro-dynamic motor, P. The back or connecting
bar, 33, of the holding-on magnets, Q, is made with a central opening in which
the box, 27, is fixed and through which the ram or main bar of the hammering
instrument, 24, passes. The gearing and cam, 18, are carried by a frame, 34, bolted
to the bar, 33, and which in the modification shown in figure, 4, is formed with
guides, 35, for a crosshead, 36, fixed on the ram or bar, 24. The crosshead, 36, is
connected by rods, 37, to an upper crosshead, 38, which is the part on which the
cam, 18, acts, and which is guided by an upper frame piece, 39. In the modification
shown in figure, 6, the ram or bar, 24, is guided by means of a pair of rods, 40, fixed
to it and working through guide eyes in the top of the framing, 34, and the ram or
bar, 24, has fixed to it an arm, 41, having an antifriction roller on its outer end, it
being by acting on this arm, 41, that the cam, 21, raises the ram or bar, 24.
The
The mode shown in figures, 4, and 6, of adjusting the stroke of the hammer or
instrument is applicable whatever may be the mode of acting on or straining the spring
or springs.
Instead of working the. hammer or instrument by a cam actuated by a rotating
motor, one or more electro magnets or solenoids may be arranged to move it directly
or through toggle levers. An arrangement with toggle levers is shown in sectional
elevation in figure, 7, on sheet, 4; and in it the operating parts are placed between
two holding-on magnets, Q being attached to the back or connecting bar, 33, of those
magnets. The hammering instrument, 24, is guided in a guide eye in a bar, 43,
fixed to the lower parts of the holding-on magnets, Q, and is jointed to the lower ends
of two pairs of toggle levers, 44, which have their other ends jointed to the back
bars, 45, of two pairs of electro magnets, 46. Two other pairs of toggle levers, 47,
have their lower ends jointed to the back bars, 45, whilst their upper ends are jointed
to a block, 48, fixed to the bar, 33, of the holding-on magnets, Q. There are thus
eight toggle levers, 44, 47, only four however appearing in the figure the others being
immediately behind them on the other side of the magnets, 46. The back bars, 45,
of these magnets, 46, are movable towards each other on two guide bars, 49, 50, the
upper one, 50, having fixed to it rods, 51, which work in guides, 52, fixed to the upper
bar, 33. When the smaller magnets, 46, are excited they approach each other and by

page_text: their back bars, 45, act on the toggle levers, 44, 47, so as to force down the hammering
instrument, 24, which is raised again by switching the electric current in a manner to
cause the magnets, 46, on one side to repel those on the other side, or this may be
effected by springs. Figure, 8, is an elevation of a machine for punching or shearing,
which comprises a lower frame piece, 70, having on it a block, 71, to hold the resisting
die or fixed cutter, and two actuating electro magnets, M. The punch, 72, shown by
full lines or the moving cutter shown by dotted lines is fixed to a plate or bar, 73,
which is guided on rods, 74, fixed to the lower frame piece, 70, and which is formed
with parts to be acted on by the magnets, M. The plate or bar, 73, is after each
stroke raised by springs on the guide rods, 74.
Figure, 9, on sheet, 5, is an elevation showing an arrangement for holding the
bolster of a riveting tool separately from the tool itself, and figure, 10, is a section as
at right angles to figure, 9. The holster or holder-up, D, is held between two holding-
on electro magnets, Q, by which the apparatus is attached to the plating or framing
to be operated on. The necessary pressure may be applied to the bolster, D, by a
spring the electro magnets, Q, being made strong enough to sufficiently compress the
spring; it is however in some cases preferable to apply the pressure to the bolster, D,
by a separate electro magnet or by a solenoid, which need not be excited until the
main electro magnets have well taken hold of the work. Or where a spring is used
it may be arranged so as not to be compressed whilst the electro magnets, Q, are
taking hold, a lever or screw being provided for compressing it afterwards. In the
example shown in figures, 9, and 10, the bolster, D, is fitted into a socket in the.
enlarged end, 60, of a screw spindle, 61, fitted through an internal screw in the back
or connecting bar, 33, of the magnets, Q, a handwheel, 62, being fixed on the outer
end of the screw spindle, 61. A spring, 63, in the form of a split steel washer of a
conical shape is interposed between the end of the spindle, 61, 60, and the head of
the bolster, D. With this arrangement the bolster, D, can "by means of the screw
spindle, 61, be drawn back some distance whilst the holding-on magnets, Q, are taking
hold, or whilst a rivet is being inserted; and then it can be moved in again and the
necessary pressure applied by compressing the spring, 63. In some cases a curved
arm, 64, provided with a small bolster, D 1, is fixed to the back or connecting bar, 33,
of the holding-on magnets, Q, and the bolster, D1, on this arm can be applied
to a rivet in a confined space, as for example under the flange of a ship's frame, 65,
whilst the magnets, Q, which hold it in position are made to attach themselves at one
side. The small bolster, D 1, is shown as having a rubber spring, 66, interposed
between it and the arm, 64.
In my Complete Specification relative to my Application for a Patent No. 9532 of
1886, of the same date as the Application to which the present Complete Specification
relates, and on sheets, 7, and 8, of the drawings thereof certain modes of carrying
and applying chipping or caulking tools as shown, such modes of carrying and
applying tools, forming part of the Invention described in the said Specification.
The said tools and their operating parts, also described in the said Specification are
however constructed in accordance with the Invention described in this present
Specification and form examples, in addition to those herein described, of the various
modifications of apparatus which may be used in carrying out my present Invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is:
1 In electro-magnetic apparatus for hammering, riveting, punching, shearing,
chipping, and caulking operations, arranging the holding-up or resisting parts on a
jaw made either in the same piece with or jointed to the operating part, substantially
as hereinbefore described, examples being delineated on sheet, 1, of the accompanying
drawings.
2-In stationary machines for hammering, riveting, punching, or shearing operations,
holding the work against the thrust or blow of the operating instrument by electró
magnets placed so that the strain is at right angles or nearly so as to the magnetically
adhering surfaces, substantially as herein before described.

page_text: 3—Combining electro dynamic motors with speed-reducing gearing and other parts
for working hammering instruments in the improved manner hereinbefore described
with reference to figures, 4, and 5, of the accompanying drawings.
4-Combining electro dynamic motors with speed-reducing gearing and other parts
in the improved manner hereinbefore described with reference to figure, 6, of the
accompanying drawings.
5-In tools for working hammering instruments for riveting, chipping, caulking,
or similar operations, effecting the blow by the reaction of a spring which, is
adjustable in a manner to vary the force with which it acts substantially as herein-
before described.
6-Working hammering instruments by means of electro magnets or solenoids
arranged to move the instruments directly or through-toggle or other levers,
substantially as hereinbefore described.
7-Combining or arranging the parts of electro-magnetic bolsters or holders-up
substantially in the improved manner herein before described with reference to
figures, 9, and 10, of the accompanying drawings.
EDMUND HUNT,
Applicant's Agent.