Improvements in and in the Manufacture of Internally Stayed Seamed Tubing.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Aug., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 10th May, 1897-Accepted, 19th June, 1897
Improvements in and in the Manufacture of Internally Stayed
Seamed Tubing.
I, FREDERICK ARTHUR WALTON, of Vyse Buildings, Vyse Street in the City
of Birmingham, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
This invention relates to that type of seamed and stayed tubings which are
internally supported or reinforced by a diaphragm, or diaphragms diametrally
crossing the interior of the same. By employing such web stays or diaphragms,
great strength with lightness is obtained, and in consequence of the same being
made from sheet material, there is great economy in the manufacture of the same
over the cost of their production when seamless drawn.
According to one part of my improvements, I internally support the said tubings
by a cruciform sectioned double web stay, and according to another part of my
invention, the web stays are arranged in a four-pointed or other star figure with a
core tube or rod running longitudinally down the middle space comprehended by
the walls of the said stay, whilst a further part of my invention pertains to
machinery and tools for the production of such internally cruciform-stayed
tubings.
A tube constructed according to one form of the first part of my invention has
circular, elliptical, square or like sectioned outside walls internally supported by
double-walled cruciform-sectioned and integral web stays, that is to say, I take a
length of thin sheet metal or other material, such as paper, wood, celluloid or the
like, and form near the two opposite edges of the same, integral webs of a double
thickness of material, so that when the said.end parts are brought together four
right angled web stays are formed running longitudinally down the interior of the
outer tube which may be round, square or elliptical in cross section.
The cruciform internally supported tube thus produced has only one seam, which
seam (when the tube is made of metal) and the contact parts are brazed or soldered
in any desired way. When the tube is made of paper, celluloid, wood or other
non-metallic substance, the joints may be glued, cemented or otherwise connected
together by adhesive material.
In carrying out the second form of my improvements I take a strip of thin sheet
metal or material and fashion parts of the same into concave web stays with the
ends coming together but leaving a star shaped space between the inwardly
presented concave surfaces, within which a thin seamed or other core tube or rod
longitudinally passes. The joints and contact parts may be brazed or soldered, in
the case of metal tubes, or united by cementing or otherwise in the case of
non-metallic tubes. There is thus produced a seamed tube, which may be
cylindrical, elliptical, square, hexagonal or any other figure in cross section,
internally reinforced by stays, made integral with the outer walls, and in figure
somewhat resembling the arms of a wheel or pulley, and which may have a core or
central tube or rod running axially through the middle of it.
In carrying out the manufacture or production of square-sectioned stayed tubing,
I take a length of material, such as sheet steel, equal in breadth to the combined
cross areas of the tube outer walls and cruciform stays, and pass the same through

page_text: a pair of he and she rolls, with the pair of V-shaped flanges of the one working in
the V sinkings of the other, each pair of flanges and sinkings being separated from
each other to a distance about equal to the distance between the folded flanges
which are to be formed in the blank. These rolls produce a strip or blank having
hollow flanges near the opposite edges, which flanges are then further closed by a
second pair of rolls, one of which is plain and the other provided with a pair of
inclined-sided grooves for the flanges to take within and be nearly closed, whilst the
final closing of the flanges is performed through a third pair of rolls, respectively
plain and grooved.
This flanged plate or blank is then operated upon by a fourth pair of rolls, one
plain and the other of the figure. of a bobbin or spool with inclined inner faces,
which gives to the blank being operated on, the figure of a shallow but broad
trough with inclined opposite sides and with the aforesaid flanges pointing
upwardly and inwardly. The fifth operation is conducted likewise by rolls and
consists in turning the inclined ends of the trough at right angles to the main or
body part of the blank which is to form the outer boundary walls of the tubing.
Thus, I take a pair of rolls, one of which has end flanges alike unto the heads of a
dumb-bell, and the other is a cylinder headed middle necked roll comprehended
between the head ends of first roll suitably supported and adapted to turn the outer
edging parts of the blank at right angles to the body and middle part, thus bringing
the said flanges inwards and parallel with the said body part, and making a
rectangular trough-sectioned blank with right augled flanges directed from the
inside of the end walls.
The next process is the partial folding up of the blank, or felding the body part
upon the stays, and which is performed by a pair of rolls one of which is plain and
the other spool shaped alike unto one of the rolls employed in the fourth process
but with the plain roll extending preferably through the full length of the spool-
shaped roll, thus leaving an enclosed space between them for the continuing of the
shaping. Thus the inclined inner faces of the heads now fold the right angled
sides inwards, with the edges or ends of the flanges coming against the inside of the
body of the blank, making a figure resembling that of a beam roof with the crown
removed.
The seventh process consists in passing the blank between a plain and a spool
shaped roll, with the former of a size suitable for working inside the blank and
being carried by a bracket or shaft. These rolls form the plain sides of the outer
walls, whereas the former processes have made the stays and by passing the blank
between these rolls, the stay parts are folded inwards and two of the sides of the
outer walls are formed, thus making a blank of a troughed cross section with
opposite inclined sides and with the single opposite stays forming, as it were, a part
roof and having the double stays depending from their undersides.
The next process is a still further progressive stage and consists in forming
angularly boxed ends to the troughed blank with the single stay parts running
parallel to the middle or body part of the blank, which is, by the next process,
divided up into two further sides. This said eighth process is accomplished
through the medium of a plain roll and a spool shaped roll, which, when brought
together, form an enclosure the sides of which complete the folding over of the
stay parts.
The next process is performed by a pair of rolls, one of which is diamond shaped
he-roll and the other a double coned she-roll, with the periphery of the former
coming close upon the middle periphery of the latter, and with the rolls
adapted, by their further progressive action, to bring the blank into the figure of a
pair of cleft triangles, with each triangle being internally supported by one of the
double stays which is directed from the middle of the base to the apex.
The ninth and last stage is the closing together of the stayed triangular half
parts by passing the blank between a pair of rolls having a diamond shaped pass
which gather the halves together and form a square tube internally supported by a
cruciform sectioned stay.

page_text: In making circular or other shaped tubes, the rolls are shaped upon their
peripheries to correspond with the outer walls of the tube to be made. Thus, in
producing a circular tube, instead of plain bed rolls I should employ concave faced
bed rolls.
It may be observed that instead of employing rolls in some of the earlier stages,
the closing of the metal to form the flanges may be conducted by compression
tools.
In metal tubes, I propose that the brazing material or solder be in the form of a
wire, ribband or thin sheet, fed between the parts to be united or brazed during
some of the later stages of the production, and that the fusion of the solder or
brazing material may be performed by passing the tube over a brazing hearth, the
flame being only allowed to play on the parts where fusion is required to take place.
I may also pass the tube through a final pair of rolls while the solder is fused to
ensure more perfect contact.
I may anneal the tubes by passing the partly fashioned strips through an
annealing muffle either at each stage of the production or at intermittent stages as
may be desired.
The rolls may be arranged in a line with the necessary intermediate annealing
stoves and brazing lamp so that the formation of the tube may be proceeded with
continuously.
When the tubes are made of a non-metallic material, the substance may be
creased or scored longitudinally for facilitating the division of the same into
sections for forming both the outside walls and the internal stay, and the glue
or cement may be applied in any way and at any stage as may be most
convenient.
I wish it to be understood that I do not confine myself to the particular
configurations of the rolls and the specific succession of processes described, as
the same may be varied as required without departing from the nature of my
invention.
FREDERICK ARTHUR WALTON,
By Henry Skerrett,
Agent for Applicant.
Improvements in and in the Manufacture of Internally Stayed
Seamed Tubing.
I, FREDERICK ARTHUR WALTON, of Vyse Buildings, Vyse Street, in the
City of Birmingham, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to that type of seamed and stayed tubings which are
internally supported or reinforced by a stay, web or diaphragm or stays, webs or
diaphragms diametrally crossing the interior of the same. By employing such
web stays or diaphragms, great strength with lightness is obtained and in
consequence of the same being made from sheet material, there is great economy
in the manufacture of the same over the cost of their production when seamless
drawn.
According to one part of my improvements, I internally support the said tubings
by a cruciform sectioned double web stay, and according to another part of my
invention the web stays are arranged in a four-pointed or other star figure with

page_text: core tube or rod running longitudinally down the middle space comprehended by
the walls of the said stay..
A tube constructed according to one form of the first part of my invention has
circular, elliptical, square or like sectioned outside walls internally supported by
double-walled cruciform-sectioned and integral web stays, that is to say, I take a
length of thin sheet metal or other material, such as paper, wood, celluloid or the
like, and forin near the two opposite edges of the same, integral webs, which are
of a double thickness of material, so that when the said end parts, after a
succession of bending or folding processes, are brought together or face to face,
four right angled web stays are formed running longitudinally down the interior of
the outer tube which may be round, square, elliptical or of other figure in cross
section.
The cruciform internally supported tube thus produced has only one open seam,
which (when the tube is made of metal) is brazed or soldered in any desired way,
so that the said tube has but a single brazed or soldered joint. When the tube
is made of paper, celluloid, wood or other non-metallic substance, the contact parts
of the joint may be glued, cemented or otherwise connected together by adhesive
material.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings represents a perspective view of a round
tube, provided with an integral double-walled and cruciform shaped internal stay
or web, the whole being made from a single strip of sheet metal according to this
form of my invention. The body or outer walls of the said tube are fashioned
from the middle part of the said strip, the opposite sides or outer parts of which
are each made to constitute a half of the cruciform stay.
Thus, a is the tube, comprising the body or outer walls a', bent from the middle
part 6, of the strip b, (shown in cross section in Figure 2) and a is the cruciform
shaped internal stay or support, running from end to end throughout the full
length of the tube and made up of two halves a³, a, respectively fashioned out of
the side parts 6, of the said strip whose extreme edges 3 constitute the lower end
of the double-walled vertical stay as and come against the inside of the tube at the
point a, diametrally opposite the soldered or brazed joint a', whilst the double-
walled transverse webs a³, are directed at right angles from the vertical web, and
their tips a, impinge against the inside of the tube at the points a¹0.
In producing a tube from sheet metal according to my improvements, I take the
said strip b, Figure 2, which is of the same length as the tube required and by
suitable means (preferably by press tools) I bend or fold the same, at a distance
from each of the extreme edges b³, corresponding to one half the height of the
vertical part of the stay into open ribs b, directed at right angles from the body
of the said strip and running throughout the whole length thereof, as represented
in cross section in Figure 3. The sides of these webs are then closed together, as
represented in section in Figure 4, thereby forming the transverse parts a³, of the
cruciform shaped web stay a², after which the side parts 62, of the strip are bent
at right angles to the middle part b¹, as represented in the section Figure 5. Next
the said parts b, are bent over into an acute angle relative to the middle b', the
sides of which are shown slightly curved in Figure 6, and still further curved in
Figure 7, so as to bring the parts b, parallel with the middle of the straight part b,
and also to bring the tips a', of the transverse stays as, against what is to be the
inside of the tube. The outer walls are, by the next process, still further curved
and the parts which will constitute the halves of the vertical web stay are brought
still closer together, see the sectional view Figure 8. When the tube is in this
condition, it is placed between dies and the halves are fully closed together,
forming the complete tube represented in Figure 9.
The joint a', is then soldered or brazed and the soldered joint dressed, when the
tube is finished.
Figure 10 represents my invention as applied to an internally stayed D-sectioned
tube in which a are the outer walls a' the base, which is of a double thickness and
a³ is the internal stay directed at right angles from the said base, with the tip a*,

page_text: impinging against the inside of the said tube, which base and stay together
constitute a half of the cruciform stay represented in Figure 1, whilst the soldered
or brazed joint a, runs along the edge a, of the tube. This tube is produced
from a strip in a similar way to that described in connection with a round tube,
but only one side of the blank is folded into a rib before the bending up of
the tube.
Figure 11 represents my improvements applied to a square sectioned tube which
is fashioned in substantially the same way as the circular tube, and is marked with
the same letters of reference as Figure 1.
Figure 12 represents in cross section a triangular sectioned tube made in
accordance with my invention and marked with the same letters of reference as
Figure 10, being produced by a substantially similar process.
Figure 13 represents an oval-sectioned tube provided with a cruciform sectioned
internal stay similar to that represented in Figure 1 and marked with the same
reference letters.
Figures 14 and 15 represent further forms of my invention, in which the
internally stayed tube a, is provided with an axial sleeve or hollow middle part a²,
located at the intersecting or meeting points of the stays and up which is run either
a hollow core tube b, as in Figure 14, or a rod b' as in Figure 15, thus forming a
supplementary stiffening stay or central support, which greatly adds to the strength
and rigidity of the tube.
This form of tube, when made of suitable diameter is particularly applicable
for use in forming the waists of cycle pedals, wheel hubs and the like.
Figures 16 and 17 represent sections of further forms of my invention in which
the tube a, is internally stayed or reinforced by stays a', formed integrally with
the outer walls a², and arranged to comprehend a star shaped space a³, up the axis
of which a longitudinal tubular (or solid) core a', is run. The edges a³ of the
strip from which the tube and stay are fashioned are located at a, and the soldered
or brazed joint comes at a.
Figure 18 represents another section of stayed tubing, in which the strip of sheet
metal is so bent or fashioned as to form concave sided web stays a², enclosing a star
shaped middle space a³, up which an axial and tubular or solid core at, longitudinally
passes. a indicates the position in which the extreme opposite edges of the strip
come in the finished tube and a is the soldered or brazed joint. This form of my
invention is applicable to tubes of oval, square, rectangular, diamond and other
polysided sections.
As a further modification of my invention, the points or tips of the web stays
may be formed into feet or broadened out ends so as to give an increased bearing
upon the inside periphery of the tube. Figure 19 represents this part of my
invention applied to the form of tube shown in Figure 1. a is the tube and a the
web stays the tips or ends of which are fashioned into the longitudinal feet or
bearings a³.
The application of my invention to tubes constructed of paper, wood, celluloid
or other like light and non-metallic material differs in no essential respect from its
application to metallic tubes as herein described. I further wish it to be under-
stood that I do not limit myself to the application of my invention to tubes of the
particular cross sections shown in the drawings, nor to the number and dispositions
of the points or arms of the web stays employed, as my said invention may be
applied to a variety of other sections with equal effect. Further, the said
improvements can be embodied in taper as well as parallel sided tubes, and although
I have mentioned that prefer to conduct the several stages in the production of
the said tubings by compression or press tools, yet I do not limit myself to this, as
any other means may be employed for the said production.
When the tubes are made of a non-metallic material, the substance may be
creased or scored longitudinally for facilitating the division of the same into
sections for forming both the outside walls and the internal stay, and the glue

page_text: or cement may be applied in any way and at any stage as may be most
convenient.
Figure 20 represents another modification of a D or half round stay, in which
the sides of the stay are concaved.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. In internally stayed tubes made from sheet metal or sheet material,
forming or fashioning the same from a strip of sheet metal or other material, the
middle part of which is formed into the outer walls of the tube, whilst the outer
side or edge parts are so folded or fashioned as to form, together, a double-walled
cruciform or star or like sectioned and integral internal stay or support, either with
.or without a single soldered, brazed or other joint coming at the junction of the
outer walls of the tube with the said internal stay, substantially as described and
set forth.
Secondly. In internally stayed tubes made from sheet metal or sheet material,
forming or fashioning the same from a strip of sheet metal or other material, the
middle part of which is formed into the cuter walls of the tube, whilst the outer
side or edge parts are formed into a double-walled cruciform or star or like
sectioned and integral internal stay or support, with or without a brazed or other
joint at the junction of the outer tube with the internal stay and with a supplementary
tube, rod or equivalent core running longitudinally up the axis of the said tube, at
the intersecting points of the stays, substantially as described and set forth in
Figures 14 to 18.
Thirdly. Internally stayed half-round, triangular and like sectioned tubes made
from sheet metal or sheet material, with a double-walled and integral internal
stay fashioned out of and directed from the base or one side of the said tube,
and with the single soldered or other joint preferably running longitudinally along
one of the edges of the same, substantially as described and set forth in
Figures 10, 12 and 20.
Fourthly. The improvements in, and in the process of producing internally
stayed tubes made from sheet metal or sheet material, substantially as bercin
described and set forth.
Dated this 8th day of May 1807
FREDERICK ARTHUR WALTON,
By Henry Skerrett,
24 Temple Row, Birmingham, Agent for Applicant.