An Improved Process for Treating Vegetable Cellular Membranes with the object of Obtaining Glutinous Substances.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd May, 1890
Complete Specification Left, 6th Feb., 1891-Accepted, 7th Mar., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Process for Treating Vegetable Cellular Membranes
with the object of Obtaining Glutinous Substances.
We, Dr. EDUARD STEIGER, of Unterstrass-Zurich, Lecturer, Dr. ERNST
SCHULZE, of Hottingen-Zurich, Professor, and CONRAD AUER, of Unterstrass-
Zurich, Merchant, all in the Republic of Switzerland, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows :-
This invention relates to a process for treating vegetable cellular membranes
with the object of obtaining glutinous substances.
The process which constitutes the subject of this invention is based upon the
discovery that besides in bran and other cereal substances the treatment of which,
for the purpose of producing glutinous substances, forms the subject of Letters
Patent No. 12920 A.D. 1889, carbo-hydrates occur in the most diverse cellular
membranes of vegetable origin, and these carbo-hydrates can be converted by
suitable treatment into glutinous substances bearing a great resemblance to gum
arabic. We utilize principally the waste of field-crops of any kind, lixiviated
beet-root slices from the manufacture of sugar, the residuary liquors from the
distillation of spirits and the residues from the manufacture of oil which have been
expressed and extracted but the treatment of wood (waste of wood, wood-grindings,
and the like) for producing glutinous substances is included within the scope of
our said invention.
In order to obtain the glutinous substances the materials containing the cellular
membranes are boiled together with a suitable acid of one-twentieth to one-tenth
per cent, preferably a mineral acid, or with lime milk, with or without pressure.
In lieu of lime use can be made of other alkaline earth or an alkali.
When an alkaline lye, especially a caustic alkaline lye is employed it must be
very weak, preferably not exceeding one per cent.
The carbo-hydrate adhering to the cellular membrane is converted by the
aforesaid operation into a glutinous substance and is dissolved in the liquor present
the solution being expressed from the remaining cellular substance, then neutralized
and if desired decolorized by hydrated oxide of lead, bone-charcoal or any other
suitable agent, and finally evaporated to the desired consistency or to dryness.
The glutinous substances obtained differ from those obtained from starch
essentially in that they yield in the saccharification, not dextroglucose, but other
kinds of sugar, that their solutions are less movable that is to say more mucilaginous
at the same degree of density, and that they form emulsions with oils and fats. It
will therefore be seen that they resemble gum arabic much more than the dextrine
resulting from the treatment of the starch.
If the glutinous substances are to be obtained in a very pure state (for example
for pharmaceutical purposes) the protein substances which may occur together
with the cellular membrane must be removed in the cold state by previous treat-
ment with culinary salt or alkalies. Any starch which may be present can be
removed by simple washing-out.
presence
In the manufacture of glutinous substances adapted for industrial use the
of protein substances and traces of starch is in many cases not objectionable.
The residues produced in the above described process can be rendered suitable
for the manufacture of paper.

page_text: COMPLETE
SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Process for Treating Vegetable Cellular Membranes
with the object of Obtaining Glutinous Substances.
Dr. EDUARD STEIGER, of Unterstrass-Zurich, Lecturer, Dr. ERNST SCHULZE,
of Hottingen-Zurich, Professor, and CONRAD AUER, of Unterstrass-Zurich,
Merchant, all in the Republic of Switzerland, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to a process for treating vegetable cellular membranes
with the object of obtaining glutinous substances.
The process which constitutes the subject of this invention is based upon the
discovery that besides in bran and other cereal substances the treatment of which
for the purpose of producing glutinous substances, forms the subject of Letters
Patent No. 12920 A.D. 1889, carbo-hydrates occur also in the most diverse cellular
membranes of vegetable origin, and these carbo-hydrates can be converted by
suitable treatment into glutinous substances bearing a great resemblance to gum
arabic. We utilize principally the waste of field-crops of any kind, such as
lixiviated beet-root slices from the manufacture of sugar, the residuary liquors
from the distillation of spirits, and the residues from the manufacture of oil which
have been expressed and extracted; but the treatment of wood (waste of wood,
wood grindings, or saw dust and the like) for producing glutinous substances is
included within the scope of our said invention.
In order to obtain the glutinous substances the materials containing the cellular mem-
branes are boiled together with a suitable acid of one-twentieth to one-tenth
preferably a mineral acid, or with lime milk, with or without pressure.
lime use can be made of other alkaline earth or an alkali.
per cent.,
In lieu of
When an alkaline lye, especially a caustic alkaline lye, is employed it must be
very weak, preferably not exceeding one per cent.
The carbo-hydrate adhering to the cellular membrane is converted by the afore-
Baid operation into a glutinous substance and is dissolved in the liquor present, the
solution being expressed from the remaining cellular substance, then neutralized,
and if desired decolorized by hydrated oxide of lead, bone charcoal or any other
suitable agent, and finally evaporated to the desired consistency or to dryness.
The glutinous substances obtained differ from those obtained from starch
essentially in that they yield in the saccharification, not dextroglucose, but other
kinds of sugar, that their solutions are less movable that is to say more mucilaginous
at the same degree of density, and that they form emulsions with oils and fats. It
will therefore be seen that they resemble gum arabic much more than the dextrine
resulting from the treatment of the starch.
If the glutinous substances are to be obtained in a very pure state (for example
for pharmaceutical purposes) the protein substances which may occur together with
the cellular membrane must be removed in the cold state by previous treatment
with culinary salt or alkalies. Any starch which may be present can be removed
by simple washing out.
In the manufacture of glutinous substances adapted for industrial use the presence
of protein substances and traces of starch is in many cases not objectionable.
The residues produced in the above described process can be rendered suitable
for the manufacture of paper.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
:-
The conversion of the carbo-hydrates occurring together with the cellular
membranes not only of the waste of cereal substances, but also of other vegetable

page_text: substances, into glutinous substances capable of emulsion and resembling gum
arabic, by boiling these substances or their waste with very weak acid or with lime,
baryta, strontia dissolved in water, or very dilute alkaline lye with or without
pressure, separating the solution obtained from the residue, and then evaporating
with or without previous decolorization.
Dated this 6th day of February 1891
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicants.