matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
LETTER BALANCES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hiscock at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th April 1877.
WILLIAM HISCOCK, of Soho, in the County of Middlesex.
LETTER BALANCES."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
My Invention relates to letter balances on the bent lever principle, in which no
loose weights are employed, but the letter or other article is counterbalanced by a
weighted lever, and the weight and postage indicated by a pointer moving over a
dial or scale.
In one form of letter balance of this kind, as heretofore constructed, the scale pan
is on a vertical rod hung near its upper and lower ends on centres in the forked
ends of two short lever arms attached to horizontal axes mounted one directly
above the other in the frame of the balance. The weighted counterbalance lever
was attached to the upper axis at the opposite side to the vertical rod, and the index
or pointer was attached to the lower axis, and oscillated over a quadrant-shaped
dial or 'scale.
The object of my Invention is to economize space and render the balance less
cumbrous and more elegant in appearance by dispensing with the oscillating pointer
and quadrant dial, and substituting therefor a pointer moving along a straight scale
and concealing the counterbalance weight and lever within the base or pedestal of
the frame. To this end I hang the lower horizontal axis within the said base or
pedestal, and attach the counterbalance weighted lever to the said lower axis, so
that both are concealed from view; and to the counterbalance weight I joint loosely
a light rod passing upwards and terminating at the upper end in a cross head or bar
working loosely in slots in the frame, and provided with a double pointer at each
end moving over suitable scales marked along the slots to indicate the weight and
postage of the letter.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATORS, SPECIALLY APPLICABLE FOR COOLING LIQUIDS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Browne at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th July 1877. A communication
from abroad by Louis Nicoud, of Paris, France.
ALEXANDER BROWNE, of the Firm of Browne and Company, Patent Agents, of
5, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN REFRIGERATORS, SPECIALLY APPLICABLE FOR COOLING LIQUIDS." A communi-
cation from abroad by Louis Nicoud, of Paris, France.
Refrigerators constructed according to this Invention are intended to supply a
want in refrigerators now in use as well as to replace "Alcaraza's" wollen or felted
refrigerators and water bottles, or vases made in two parts for cooling liquids.
The above description of refrigerators only hold one kind of liquid, which is not
kept cool and fresh sufficiently long to make them of any value.
To remedy the above defects I preferably construct an apparatus as follows:-I
make a wooden case with an interior casing made so as to leave a cavity between it
and the exterior case. These cases I line with suitable metal, such as zinc or tin,
and the space between them is intended to be filled with any non-conductor of heat,
such as sawdust or wool. To the inside of the interior casing I construct a series
of small compartments each of which are separate one from the other, and fitted
with lids or covers to hold the bottles or vessels containing liquids or beverages to
be cooled. The ice is placed in the centre of the apparatus and is surrounded by
the above-mentioned compartments. The bottom of the ice chamber is perforated
to allow the water to run from the ice into a false bottom constructed to receive it,
and from which it can be drawn off when necessary by means of a cock or valve.
The ice chamber is fitted with a lid or cover having a false bottom to hold a
material which is a non-conductor of heat, and when closed the ice chamber is
hermetically sealed by means of suitable packing. Where it is required to cool the
liquids to a greater extent it is proposed to perforate the sides of the aforesaid
small compartments communicating with the ice chamber.
Refrigerators made according to this Invention keep the liquids deposited in them
quite cold for a considerable period, sufficient for all practical uses. Owing to the

page_text: bottles being each contained in seperate compartments which are kept cold by
means of ice in the ice chamber, it is only necessary to open these compartments
when a bottle is required, and not the whole refrigerator, as is done with the various
refrigerators now in use, thus letting in the heated atmosphere which in summer
quickly destroys the freshness of the beverages contained in them.
The exterior of this improved refrigerator may be made of any ornamental
design or shape so as to have the form or appearance of an article of furniture.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SUPPORTING THE WINDOWS OF DOORS OF LANDAUS AND OTHER CARRIAGES OF SIMILAR CONSTRUCTION
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Samuel Robert Catt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th March 1877.
WILLIAM SAMUEL ROBERT CATT, of Gee Street, Goswell Road, in the County of
Middlesex. " IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SUPPORTING THE WINDOWS OF
DOORS OF LANDAUS AND OTHER CARRIAGES OF SIMILAR CONSTRUCTION."
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus to be applied to the doors
of landaus and other carriages of similar construction, for the purpose of supporting
the window frames thereby, and permitting the doors to be opened without the
necessity of lowering the window frame.
The apparatus consists of a grooved plate, the width of such groove, or of the
space contained within the edges of the same, being greater at the lower part than
at the upper part thereof, so as in fact to form a tapered groove.
The door of the landau or other carriage is provided at either side with the
before-described apparatus. On the window or light of the carriage being raised
the two side edges of the frame thereof pass up the tapered width of the latter, and
thus allow the lower portion of the frame to be placed over the feather on the edge
of the door of the carriage. When the frame of the window or light is lowered into
the body of the door the grooved portions of the apparatus are folded over by means
of hinges provided for that purpose, and rest on the upper edge of the door, covering
the upper part of the window or light frame.
The apparatus above described is attached, as may be necessary or desirable, by
screws or other appliances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RINGS FOR JOINTS FOR STEAM, WATER, GAS, OR AIR
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Walker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th February 1877.
WILLIAM WALKER, of Scholes, near Cleckheaton, in the County of York, India-
rubber Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN RINGS FOR JOINTS FOR STEAM, WATER,
GAS, OR AIR."
This improvements consists in a ring of circular or any other required form
composed of cotton or other fibre, rubber, either pure or a compound, and wire.
Hitherto joints for man-holes, valve chest facings, cylinder lids, or other joints
have been made from india-rubber, cotton, pure or compounded, and moulded to the
shape required, thus preventing their use for any other shape than that for which
they were made.
My improved ring consists of india-rubber, compounded or otherwise with cotton,
flax, or other fibrous material, wrapped round a ring of wire jointed or otherwise;
this ring of wire when my improved ring is complete forms the centre of the ring,
and is of sufficient strength and flexibility to preserve the ring in its first form or
to allow of the same being bent to any other desirable shape, retaining such shape.
Another advantage of my improved ring in joint making is that in case the ring
is not sufficiently screwed or tightened it does not blow the ring past the bolts, the
centre wire preserving its form.
The ring is made of india-rubber highly compounded in connection with wire
and fibrous material, but I preserve to myself the right to manufacture from pure
rubber or other elastic substances, substantially in the manner above described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANIC BATTERIES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Blakey at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th April 1877.
EDWIN BLAKEY, of Halifax, in the County of York, Telegraphic Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANIC BATTERIES."
This Invention relates to an improved and more simple construction of galvanic
battery for telegraphic, medical, or other uses, for which galvanic batteries are
necessary.
In the construction of a battery, according to this my Invention, I employ an
ordinary jar or receiver, which I subdivide by a partition of carbon or graphite
plate, which is the positive pole. On one side of the carbon plate is placed a rod or
plate of zinc, which forms the negative pole; the other division contains per-oxide
of inanganese or per-oxide of manganese and graphite. The jar or receiver is then
filled or partly filled with a solution of sal ammoniac or chloride of sodium, but I
prefer sal ammoniac. The top of the carbon or graphite subdividing partition
projects above the top of the jar or receiver or the contents thereof, and is electro-
A connecting
typed with a coating of copper; afterwards soaked in paraffin wax.
wire is then attached to the copper on the carbon or graphite subdividing partition,
and a connecting wire is attached to the zinc or negative pole. Where necessary
the top of the jar or receiver is closed or sealed, except a passage for the introduc-
tion of chemicals above described (when recharging), and to allow escape of gases
evolved during the action of the battery.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GOBLETS OR CUPS FOR RENDERING THEM MORE PORTABLE."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Chaplin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th October 1877.
JAMES CHAPLIN, of 45, Camp Hill, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GOBLETS OR CUPS FOR RENDERING THEM MORE
PORTABLE."
Out of wood, metal, or other suitable substance I form two cups, of such shape
that when placed together edge to edge they assume the form of an egg. A hole is
made through the bottom of each cup, into which hole a foot or pedestal is screwed
or fixed, similar to that on an ordinary wine glass. This foot. or pedestal is of such
a length and size that when detached from the bowl or cup it will fit inside. It
will thus be seen that when the two feet or pedestals have been placed inside the
two cups or bowls, that if the edges of the two cups are placed together they form
the shape of an egg, and when they are separate they form two cups or goblets,
with feet or pedestals complete.
These two cups can be secured or fastened together in various ways, but I prefer
to screw them by cutting a thread or worm on the outer edge of one cup and on
the inside edge of the other, or by thinning the edge of one cup so that it will slip
inside the other a short distance. I tap & put a thread on the hole inside the cup
and on the point of the pedestal, so that when it is placed inside the cup or bowl it
will screw in, and thus prevent the said pedestal from shaking about.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILER
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolfo Cozza at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th July 1877.
ADOLFO COZZA, of Orvietto, in the Kingdom of Italy, but now residing at Queen
Street Place, in the City of London. "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM
BOILER."
This Invention relates to a novel construction of boiler which will ensure the
rapid conversion of water supplied thereto into steam.
The boiler is constructed with a central fire-chamber, made, by preference, of a
conical form, and between this chamber and the shell of the boiler is a water and
steam space.
The steam space developes into a dome at the top of the boiler, and from it the
steam is drawn off for use. This steam dome is surrounded by a flue which con-
nects the fire-chamber with the chimney.
"
Within the conical fire-chamber, and immediately above the fire-place, is set a
spiral water tube, to which water is supplied by a "Giffard's injector, a force
pump, or equivalent means.
The flame and heated gases generated in the fire-chamber play around the
spiral water tube and heat the water as it ascends. The upper end of this tube
communicates with a well or receiver situate at the top of the cone, and dischages
its heated water into the same. As the water overflows the well, it will flow over,
and running down over the heated external surface of the fire-chamber steam will
be rapidly produced.
That portion of the water which is not thus converted into steam will flow back
to the force pump or injector, and be again delivered into the spiral tube, where it
will be reheated.
Provision is made to prevent the undue accumulation of water in the boiler, and
thus the efficient action of the heated circumference of the fire-chamber upon the
overflow water is ensured.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PLAITING OR FOLDING WOVEN OR OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ferdinand Rath at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th June 1877.
FERDINAND RATH, of Goldsmith Street, in the City of London. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PLAITING OR FOLDING WOVEN OR OTHER
FABRICS."
This Invention relates to improvements in machinery or apparatus for plaiting or
folding woven or other fabrics. For this purpose a reciprocating comb or blade is
mounted upon rocking levers, the edge of the comb or blade being caused to move
to and fro over the surface of a table, which may either be stationary, or have a
to-and-fro movement given thereto.
A roller covered with felt, india-rubber, or other suitable material, or roughened,
is mounted so as to revolve in bearings above the table, and the fabric to be plaited
or folded into successive plaits is fed in between the surface of the table and roller.
A step-by-step movement is given to the roller by means of a driver or clawker
carried by the rocking levers acting upon the teeth of a ratchet wheel fixed on onc
end of the roller, and as the fabric is tucked or folded by the comb or blade upon
the curved surface of the table, it is pressed, carried forward, and delivered by the
movement of the roller, plaited and finished, ready for use, without requiring any
ironing or finishing operation, as the table, or the roller, or both, may be heated if
required.
The amount of movement of the reciprocating comb or blade, and of the roller,
may be regulated so as to vary the width of, and distance between each plait or
fold, and the fabric may be left plain or unplaited for a time so as to leave a space
between the plaits as may be desired.
The machine may be actuated by a hand wheel and suitable gearing, or it may
be driven by steam or other motive power.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SASH FASTENERS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Sharp Saunders at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th June 1877.
GEORGE SHARP SAUNDERS, of Saint Stephen's Lodge, Canterbury. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SASH FASTENERS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in sash fasteners.
Sash
The ordinary sash fastener consists of a turn button or arm carried on a vertical
stud or axis, fixed upon the lower part of the upper sash, and of a horn carried upon
a plate which is fixed to the upper part of the lower sash, and the said turn button
or arm is for the purpose of securing the sashes turned so as to cause it to pass
beneath the horn and between it and the plate on which the horn is carried.
fastenings of this description are not secure, because the turn button or arm cau
readily be pushed or moved back by means of a knife or other instrument inserted
from the outside between the sashes. To prevent this, I form and apply the plate
which carries the horn so that when the sashes are closed it shall overlap the top of
the lower rail of the upper sash, and so it covers the space between the sashes in the
neighbourhood of the turn button or arm, and on both sides of it, in such manner as
to prevent the insertion of a knife or other instrument in the manner above stated.
I also form the horn in such manner that the turn button or arm houses beneath
it, so as to render it difficult, if not impossible, to reach it from a distance by any
hook-liko instrument constructed for the purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF UTILIZING NEUTRALIZED SPENT OR REFUSE ACID LIQUORS."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cormack at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st February 1877.
"
WILLIAM CORMACK, of the City of London IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD
OF UTILIZING NEUTRALIZED SPENT OR REFUSE ACID LIQUORS."
Neutralized spent or refuse acid Liquors used in the preparation of iron and steel
for coating with metal are generally disposed of by running them down the sewer
to the detriment of the sewage works, and the production of noxious and deadly
gases when coming into contact with vegetable or animal matter, and by my
system of utilization this is avoided
The object of this Invention is to treat either separately or in combination such
neutralized spent or refuse acid liquors with which iron or steel has been prepared
previous to coating those metals with metal, metal alloys, or substances having a
metallic base, so as to regain the muriatic acid employed in such process, or
revivify the same while in its diluted state, and for the production of certain salts
and other matters of which these neutralized spent or refuse acid liquors and
materials therein contained form component paits (such acid liquors generally
comprising muriatic acid and sulphuric acid more or less diluted, either separately
or in combination, the iron they have taken up in their action upon that metal, and
the metal (usually zinc oi tin, or other materials that may have been dissolved in
them previous to or during the process of preparing the iron or steel, as above
mentioned), and I utilize them by treating according to their strength or com-
position (dotermined by testing) with one or more of the salts, matters, or materials
herein-after mentioned at different stages of the utilization according to the
description of salts, matters, or materials I desire to manufacture, consequently, in
addition to treating when necessary with water and caloric for their various well
known chemical purposes and properties, I also treat with the following salts and
materials -Thus, in order to produce muriate of ammonia, I treat with chloride
of sodium, sulphate of ammonia, ammonical liquor.
To produce
--
I treat with.

page_text: Sesqui-carbonate of iron
Sulphate of ammonia
Prussian or mineral blues
Free muriatic acid in solution
Muriatic acid
-
-
-
Soda ash (carbonate of soda )
Ammoniacal liquor
Prussiate of potassa
Sulphuric acid
By distillation.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE TOP NOTCHES AND RUNNERS OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Louis Boyce and Richard
Reeves Newton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th
January 1877
CHARLES LOUIS BOYCE, of Bumingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, and RICHARD REEVES NEWTON, of the same place, Machinist "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE TOP NOTCHES AND RUNNERS OF UMBRELLAS
AND PARASOLS"
-
Oui Invention consists in making the top notches and runncis for umbrellas and
parasols in non by the following method We take a disc of non, and by means
of a die and punch draw it by successive operations into a cup form, we then cut
the bottom out, and it is in the form of a solid drawn tube, we then cut out two
circular discs and punch the centies out, and then form a 11ng for the distance piece
between the two discs, these three parts together form the notch piece, we now
tuin one end of the tube into a cone, and sliding on to the cone the parts to form
the notch piece, we secure all firmly together by soldering the outer disc on to the
tube, and finishing all off smoothly, we also make the above named articles in steel
and either by the process described or by welding or otherwise forming the edges of
the strip forming the tube of the runner or top notch
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DRAW GEAR OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Murphy at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th January 1877
JAMES MURPHY, of Newport, in the County of Monmouth, Civil Engincer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DRAW GEAR OF RAILWAY VEHICLES"
I
My Invention relates to improvements in the diaw gear of waggons and vehicles
running on railways I propose to strengthen the diaw bar at each end of a waggon
or other ailway vehicle by the addition of a bar on cach side with an eye which
receives the bolt connecting the shackle to the diaw bar propose to run these
bars through the headstocks and middle transverse bearers, where I may secure
them with a spring, so as to allow them to traveise in the same manner as the draw
bar I propose to lengthen the bolt or pin which usually connects the draw chain
with the draw bar, so as to receive the aforesaid two side bars, and after passing
through the draw bar, shackle, and side bars, it will be secured in the usual
manner.
EMBOSSING VARIOUS MATERIALS BY THE AID OF DIES FOR DECORATIVE AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hugh Woodcock at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd March 1877.
WILLIAM HUGH WOODCOCK, of 25, Auckland Hill, Lower Norwood, Surrey, Civil
Engineer. "EMBOSSING VARIOUS MATERIALS BY THE AID OF DIES FOR DECORATIVE
AND OTHER PURPOSES."
For embossing by hydraulic or other pressure silk, flax, wool or cotton, silk,
linen, woollen or cotton fabrics, leather, leather cloths, paper, floor cloths of every
description, and any other material which may be embossed by means of dies made
of marble, stone, slate, composition of Portland or other cements, which embossed
materials can be applied to chair and carriage coverings, wall, and other decorations.
AN IMPROVED ECONOMIZING OIL FEEDER FOR LUBRICATING MACHINERY, WHICH IS APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Soutter, junior, and
Barrowclough Nutter at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd
May 1877.
WILLIAM SOUTTER, junior, of the Firm of William Soutter and Sons, Copper and
Brass Smiths, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, and BARROWCLOUGH
NUTTER, Machinist, of Over Darwen, in the County of Lancaster. "AN IMPROVED
ECONOMIZING OIL FEEDER FOR LUBRICATING MACHINERY, WHICH IS APPLICABLE
TO OTHER PURPOSES."
Our improvements relate to oil cans or feeders for lubricating purposes. We
take, for instance, the ordinary oil can or feeder similar in shape to those in every
day use for oiling or lubricating the working parts of locomotive, marine, stationery,
and other engines or machinery. In the interior and at the top of the oil can or
feeder, which in this case is cylindrical, is secured a small circular chamber or
cylinder (perforated in places to admit the oil) with a piston working in it, and the
top end of the piston rod projects and is connected with a small spiral spring,
contained and secured in the bottom of the nozzle, which is secured to the top of
the small chamber or cylinder before mentioned; the bottom end of the piston rod
is attached to the end of a double-cranked lever, working on an axis, and to which
end is also secured a long strong spiral spring, which is firmly secured to the bottom
or end of the oil can. To the other end of the said lever is attached a pin, working
through the case forming the oil can, to the other end of which is secured a button
or stop, which on being pressed by the thumb actuates and gives motion to the
before-mentioned piston inside; and by removing the said pressure from the stop on
button the supply immediately ceases, by which means we save all waste of oil, and
giving at the same time greater facilities to the user, as he would not have so far to
reach the parts requiring lubrication, and at the same time he would be enabled to
get through his work quicker, for instead of having to wait for the natural flow of
the oil from the reservoir, and through the long passage of the nozzle, the oil is forced
or ejected from the said reservoir.
The same arrangement may be adapted to taps to regulate the flow and quantity
of liquids.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR DEFECATING AND DEODORIZING SEWAGE
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Fenton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th May 1877.
JOSEPH FENTON, of Batley, in the County of York. "A NEW OR IMPROVED
METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR DEFECATING AND DEODORIZING SEWAGE."
This Invention consists in causing the sewage to flow into a well or chamber,
within which is suspended a filter composed of coke, charcoal, pebbles, and sand,
or other suitable substance. This filter rests on a perforated floor and supported
by iron beams placed across the well or chamber at some distance from the bottom.
The sewage is admitted into the well underneath the filter, and as the well
becomes full, the water passes upwards through the filter bed and runs off, or may
be taken away in a clarified condition, leaving the residue in the bottom of the well
cr chamber, from whence it may be taken periodically through a suitable outlet and
subjected to such further treatment as may be desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BREAD AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH.
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Archibald Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th August 1877.
ARCHIBALD CLARK, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Biscuit
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BREAD AND IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH.'
"
This Invention which relates to improvements in the manufacture of bread, has
for its object to dispense with the necessity for hand labour as at present employed
in kneading, preparing, and finishing the dough.
It also has for its object to dispense with the necessity of weighing, forming, and
moulding the dough into the shapes, lumps, or pieces requisite for forming loaves.
This last feature being accomplished by the use of cutters, whose dimensions are
adjusted to sizes corresponding to any desired weight of loaf relatively with any
given or constant thickness of dough.
In carrying the Invention into practice, the dough is mixed to the required con-
sistency in an ordinary dough mixing machine, after which it is converted into a
flat sheet of any desired thickness by being passed through one or more pairs of
rollers. The sheet of dough is then passed under a frame carrying any desired number of
square or oblong or other suitably shaped cutters, whose dimensions are such that
they will cut the dough into sizes corresponding to the weight of loaf desired,
such for example as a loaf of 1lb. or 2lbs, or other weight.
The pieces of dough after being cut in the manner herein-before described, are
folded or rolled up into any desired shape, after which the pieces of dough so folded
are baked, by preference in a travelling oven or in a stationary one.
When a travelling oven is used, it is preferred to construct it with flues above and
below the chamber through which the travelling platform is carried, and to use coal
in the fire places communicating with these flues, thereby causing the heat to be
transmitted through the plates forming the flues, instead of, as when using coke,
allowing the flame and products of combustion of the coke to act directly upon the
substance being carried through the travelling oven.
AN IMPROVED DEODORIZING AND DISINFECTING COMPOUND OR SOLUTION
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Huntingford Morgan at the
Office of the Commissione of Patents on the 9th May 1877.
JAMES HUNTINGFORD MORGAN, of Walham Grove, Fulham, in the County of
Middlesex, Sanitary Inspector. "AN IMPROVED DEODORIZING AND DISINFECTING
COMPOUND OR SOLUTION."
My Invention relates to an improved deodorizing and disinfecting compound
which is designed for use in all cases and for all purposes where it is necessary or
desirable to destroy or remove offensive and unwholesome smells, and to purify the
atmosphere from germs of disease and putrefying matter.
It is very useful as a disinfectant in sick rooms, in hospitals, and on board ships.
Also for cleansing and purifying drains and preventing the escape of effluvia from
the same,
and from waterclosets and the like.
Also for disinfecting clothing, bedding, and other articles or materials which have
been soiled or exposed to infection.
The said Invention will be found of very great utility for the above and other
sanitary or similar purposes, and is not destructive to animal or vegetable fibres.
The said compound or solution is prepared as follows, that is to say I take
2 lbs. of sulphate of zinc, 1 lb. of chloride of sodium, 1/2 lb. of sulphate of copper,
and 1/4 oz. of chromate of potasse. Each of these ingredients is dissolved in warm
water, and the solutions thus obtained are then mixed together in a suitable vessel,
the chromate of potasse being added last, or after the others have been mixed or
combined; and then water is added sufficient to make two gallons of the solution.
It is then allowed to stand, and deposits a sediment or pasty residuum, which
collects at the bottom of the said vessel. The solution is then decanted to free it
from this pasty residuum, and the latter is put into a filter to obtain from it the
whole of the solution. The solution is then again allowed to settle, and is then
ready for immediate use.
It may be kept for any length of time in suitable bottles or other vessels, and
may be sold and used without danger of injuring or soiling any materials or articles
with which it may come in contact accidentally or otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TWO-WHEELED AND OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Orr at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 15th June 1877.
ROBERT OKB, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, in Ireland, Pattern Maker.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TWO-WHEELED AND OTHER VEHICLES."
The object of my Invention is to regulate the position of the body of any vehicle
with shafts and balancing upon wheels, by means of an adjustable or self-acting
arrangement or construction of the shaft or shafts, in order to accommodate such
position to the gradient of the road upon which the vehicle is being drawn.
For this purpose, instead of the ordinary shaft rigidly attached to the body of the
vehicle, I employ a shaft attached to a snug or bracket at the front of the vehicle
by a pin or pivot, upon which it may be made to rock with a see-saw or recipro-
cating motion, imparted to it and controlled by means of an eccentric, crank, or lever,
or a system of levers, attached to the shaft at a point under the body of the vehicle.
As this point is raised or lowered, the opposite end of the shaft is lowered or raised
in correspondence with the angle of the ground, while substantially the body of the
vehicle is maintained in a horizontal position and the equilibrium of the load
preserved.
The eccentric, crank, or lever, or system of levers, may be actuated when neces-
sary or desired by the aid of a worm and pinion, or a screw and nut, with linking
plates, or, when the load is permanent, by the aid of an adjustable weight or
counterpoise.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING SOCKETTED PIPES OF PLASTIC MATERIAL, SUCH AS CLAY
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Cardwell Robinson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th December 1877.
RICHARD CARDWELL ROBINSON, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster.
«IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING SOCKETTED PIPES OF
PLASTIC MATERIAL, SUCH AS CLAY."
This Invention of improvements in machinery or apparatus for making socketted
pipes of plastic material. such as clay, is designed to facilitate the removal of the
socket part of the pipe from the mould or die in which it is formed. For this
purpose I use what I call a resilient cushion die for moulding the socket part of the
pipc.
The shoulder of the die is formed with a face of solid india-rubber, having behind
it cushions or backing of the same material.
During the formation of the socket both the india-rubber facing and the cushions
or backing yiold to the required pressure, but on the release of the table and further
descent of the piston, the pressure against the elastic face of the die being removed,
the resilient action of the india-rubber cushions or backing and of the india-rubber
face will have the effect of causing the said face to resume its normal condition and
position, thereby very much assisting in the more easy release of the newly formed
socket from the mould or die.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR PEELING POTATOES AND OTHER VEGETABLES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bowler Gedney and Jonathan Hall at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th March 1877.
BOWLER GEDNEY and JONATHAN HALL, both of Hull, in the County of York.
"AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR PEELING POTATOES AND OTHER VEGETABLES."
Our Invention relates to an improved machine for peeling potatoes and other
vegetables.
The machine consists of a hollow cylinder rotating on a horizontal axis in a
trough containing sufficient water to touch the cylinder. The latter is constructed
of sheet metal, and has holes punched in it close together over its circumference,
with the sharp or jagged edges projecting inwards like those of a nutmeg grater.
This cylinder has journals at the ends supported in bearings in the trough in which
the cylinder is rotated by a crank handle. One end of the cylinder is removable
for introducing the potatoes or other vegetables, which on the cylinder being rotated,
as above described, are peeled by the rasp-like action of the jagged edges of the
perforations, assisted by the water in which the cylinder dips.
Instead of being constructed as above it can be in two halves revolving the top
one in the bottom one.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ALUM AND CERTAIN ALUMINO-FERRIC COMPOUNDS."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Spence and Francis Mudie
Spence at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th January
1877.
PETER SPENCE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturing
Chemist, and FRANCIS MUDIE SPENCE, of the same place, Manufacturing Chemist.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ALUM AND CERTAIN ALUMINO-FERRIC
COMPOUNDS."
66
Our Invention consists in treating shale for the production of alum by adding the
requisite quantity of acid at once to a charge of the said shale and subsequently
transferring it successively to other charges. Thus we use three vessels to which
shale is supplied, and add to the first the whole quantity of acid to constitute an
equivalent for all the alumina and other bases to be extracted from a full charge.
After this has been boiled for a sufficient time the solution is removed and trans-
ferred to the second vessel containing shale, and after digestion to the third vessel,
and after digestion therein the liquor is run off for the manufacture of alum.
The first vessel having been emptied is again filled, and the second of the series
has now a full charge of acid boiled upon the shale therein, the solution being then
transferred to the vessel from which the finished liquor has been run. After boiling
here it is transferred to the refilled vessel, which now becomes the third of the
series, and thus the process goes on, the pan which has been for digestion with the
fresh charge of acid being the one to be emptied and refilled. Thus the fresh acid
is digested upon the partially exhausted shale and extracts as much as possible of
its alumina, while the partially saturated acid is digested upon the fresh shale, and
is thus all, or nearly all, taken up.
We have above spoken of the use of three vessels, but two may be employed; or
if the solution is desired to be entirely neutral or "sweet," then if it should prove
necessary more than three may be used.
In like manner we use the series of digestions above described for the production
of the ordinary and basic alumino-ferric compounds from bauxite or shale, or from
both.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN CUTTING-OUT, AND IN MARKING FOR CUTTING-OUT FABRICS AND MATERIALS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leethem Reynolds at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th February 1877.
LEETHEM REYNOLDS, of Landport, Portsmouth, in the County of Hants. “IM-
PROVEMENTS IN CUTTING-OUT, AND IN MARKING FOR CUTTING-OUT FABRICS AND
MATERIALS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Heretofore the ordinary mode of marking and cutting-out goods is to lay a
paper or other pattern on the fabric or material to be cut, and with a knife or
shears to cut round the pattern, either with or without first marking the outlines
thereof.
The object of this Invention is to facilitate the marking or cutting or both, so as
to greatly economize time, material, labour, and skill. For this purpose I use a
plate or frame, or combination of plates or frames, containing one or more patterns
or portions thereof, the outlines of said patterns being marked or indicated thereon
by a number of points, pegs, projections, or continuous or other cutting edges
formed or fitted thereon. A plate, say suitable for facilitating the cutting-out of
parts of corsets, may be fitted with a number of projecting points or pegs, forming
or indicating the outlines of, say half a front and one of the gussets. Placing this
plate on one, but preferably several layers of corset material, the plate is subjected
to pressure, which may be dono in a press, by rollers, or other means; the pegs are
thereby made to pierce or indent the material, and the patterns being thus plainly
marked thereon may then be cut out in the ordinary way. Or if instead of the
pegs knife-edges be formed on or applied to such a plate, the material will be cut
out at once on being subjected to pressure, as above stated, thus doing away with
the marking and with the cutting-out by hand.
FOR SINKING HERRING AND OTHER FISHING NETS." "NEW OR IMPROVED FITTINGS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Corrin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th February 1877.
ROBERT CORRIN, of Peel, in the Isle of Man.
FOR SINKING HERRING AND OTHER FISHING NETS."
"NEW OR IMPROVED FITTINGS
The fibre of which fishing nets are made is not much heavier than water, and
consequently when the nets are affected, as they generally are by the tidal current,
they do not sink to their full depth so as to reach down to the fish, but drift with
the current into an oblique position, and to a great extent fail in the capture of
fish.
Now the object of my Invention is to provide fisbing nets with fittings which will
cause them to sink perpendicularly in the water, or nearly so, whereby the capture of
the fish will be very much increased. These fittings consist of a series of weights of
iron or other metal fitted as herein-after described to the bottom of the net at suitable
distances apart for the whole length thereof. These weights are of oval form, and
have a hole made through the centre thereof; through the hole of each weight is
run a line about two feet in length; to this line at each end of the weight another
line is spliced, and both are fastened to the bottom of the net, so that the line
through the central hole is on a level with the bottom line or rope of the net, only
half or a portion of the weight then projecting below the net.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN DOOR FASTENINGS, APPLICABLE TO THE BOTTOM DOORS OF RAILWAY WAGONS, AND TO OTHER DOORS
Year: 1877

page_text: uny
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Ashling at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th March 1877.
THOMAS ASHERY
of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN DOOR FASTENINGS, APPLICABLE TO THE BOTTOM DOORS OF RAILWAY
WAGONS, AND TO OTHER DOORS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in door fastenings applicable to
the bottom doors of railway wagons and to other doors.
In the improved fastening a bolt of suitable shape, of rectangular cross section,
capable of sliding in a suitable guide, is jointed or connected to a lever whereby
the bolt may be moved endwisc. This lever is so weighted as to hold the bolt in
its shot position (that is, the position which obtains when the door is fastened), but
to allow of the bolt being pushed back during the closing of the door by a pro-
jection on the end of the centre door hinge, or it may be by a separate plate
attached to the door.
To prevent the accidental unfastening of the door I use a cotter in a suitable
holder for securing the lever, and so holding the bolt in its shot position. This
cotter is so arranged as to automatically drop into position when the bolt shoots
home, and a ledge or recess is provided for holding the cotter when the bolt is to
be withdrawn to unfasten the door.
The details of construction may be modified to suit circumstances. For example,
the lever employed may be arranged as a lever of the first order, or it may be a
lever of the second order.
In applying my Invention for fastening doors hung from the soles of wagons
I place the levers of two fastening bolts, one on each side of a shaft which carries or
has fixed to it two depending arms, one opposite to each lever. The shaft has a
crank arm to which is jointed a rod running transversely of the wagon frame so
that the rod can be pulled or pushed from either side of the wagon, thus causing
the shaft to rock, and by the arms it carries to operate the levers for moving back
the fastening bolts; thus from either side of the wagon the two doors may be
unfastened almost simultaneously.
Projecting portions of the depending arms serve as stops to the weighted ends of
the levers, thus preventing the accidental unfastening of the doors.

page_text: For operating the weighted levers and fastening bolts from the side of the wagon
I sometimes use chains passing through suitable eyes or guides and connected to
the levers, so that by pulling the chains the bolts may be moved back to unfasten
the doors, the bolts being returned automatically by the action of the weighted
levers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO FACILITATE THE CLIPPING OF HORSES AND OTHER LIKE ANIMALS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Alexander Bearman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th March 1877.
ALBERT ALEXANDER BEARMAN, of the Wellington, Leicester, in the County of
Leicester. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO FACILITATE THE CLIPPING OF HORSES
AND OTHER LIKE ANIMALS."
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus to facilitate the clipping of
horses and other like animals, and consists essentially of spur or other gearing upon
a fixed framing to enable it to be worked by steam, horse, or manual power, the
speed being regulated by the sizes of the wheels in contact.
The axle of one of the wheels carries on its free end a coiled spring or wire of
such a length as may be found necessary for communicating motion to a clipper
fitted to a holder which a man can hold in his hand.
The length of wire in coiled form is enclosed in another also of coiled form, the
coils being in the reverse order to the inner wire to obtain rigidity without
destroying the flexibility of the length, which is necessary to enable the man to
move the clipper about, and follow the contour of the animal, so as to cut or clip it
at any and all parts.
The two wires are preferably enclosed in a sheathing of rubber or woven canvas
to protect the coils from dirt and wet, the sheathing being flexible, so as not to
interefere with the movement of the wire lengths, which in my Invention are
preferably continuous from the driving mechanism to the clipper holder.
The clipper end of the inner wire is attached to a stem on which a bevil wheel is
mounted to communicate motion to a bevil pinion on a transverse shaft or spindle
carrying a grooved cam wheel, within which groove one end or handle of the
moveable blades is free to move to and fro, the back of the moveable blade being on
a pivot or joint pin upon the fixed blade; the moveable blade is thus caused to
vibrate to move its teeth over the face or teeth of the fixed blade, and thus to sever
the hair which may get between when the apparatus is applied.
The inner coil or length of wire only conveys the rotative action to the moveable
blade, the exterior wire with its covering being, so to speak, a fixture.
The connection by the holder is by screw arrangement, to enable the clipper to be
removed for sharpening and other purposes.
IMPROVED TENSION DEVICE FOR ROLLER BLIND CORDS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Guinery at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd May 1877.
" AN
SAMUEL GUINERY, of Camden Town, in the County of Middlesex.
IMPROVED TENSION DEVICE FOR ROLLER BLIND CORDS."
My Invention relates to an improved tension device for roller blind cords, and is
designed to compensate for the variations in the length of the cord produced by
atmospheric changes, the Invention being chiefly characterised by its great simplicity
and cheapness, and by the absence of any springs, racks, or other fittings liable to
get out of order.
According to my Invention I maintain the proper tension of the blind cord by
means of a weight of suitable size, and which may be in the form of a tassel. This
weight is provided with a hook, by which it is hung on to the blind cord, the said
hook having a groove for the cord to run in. The cord passes through an eye fixed
a short distance above the weight, the said eye being preferably divided into two
parts by a tongue or cross bar to keep the two parts of the cord separate, and the
tongue extending not quite across the eye to admit the cord known as the "endless"
blind cord.
FOR HAULING FISHING NETS, THE SAME BEING APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Hendry and William
Marshall at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd April 1877.
ALEXANDER HENDRY, Shipowner, and WILLIAM MARSHALL, Rope and Sailmaker,
"AN IMPROVED MACHINE
both of Buckie, in the County of Banff, North Britain.
FOR HAULING FISHING NETS, THE SAME BEING APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to an improved machine for hauling nets, or working the
same in fishing boats; it may also be used for putting up and down masts and sails,
hauling anchor ropes, or for other operations in connexion with fishing boats where
pulling or hauling is required. If placed in a boat or vessel where steam is used,
steam may be applied for working the said machine. The working parts of the
machine are all carried in a frame or box.
One of the improvements in this machine consists in actuating the three hauling
sheaves or pullies by means of an endless chain or band working in contact with
notched pullies placed inside the metal case or box so as to be concealed by a move-
able cover.
The improvements further consist in the arrangement of the chain round the
pulleys (of which one is attached to the axle of each of the three hauling pulleys)
in such a way as to insure the efficient contact or grip of the chain or band round
these pulleys, and at the same time cause the travel of the chain to coincide with
"tension pulley,"
that of the net rope or other ropes. A small pulley called a
working loose on a stud moveable at pleasure, is placed in the apex of the triangle
formed by the box, and is for the purpose of tightening the endless chain, should
the latter from any cause get too slack.
Another improvement forming part of the Invention consists in the introduction
of a second or slower motion to the machine, which is of great advantage to fisher-
men, as by it they are enabled with the same power to haul their nets in rough or
tempestuous weather when otherwise they might lose them.
Under a modification of this Invention, instead of the metal box being placed

page_text: horizontally it may be arranged vertically, having the sheave or pulley forming the
apex of the triangle placed uppermost. In this case bevel or spur teethed wheels
may be dispensed with, and the hauling pulleys actuated simply by means of the
endless chain or band. The improved machine may be operated by one handle or
by two.