Improvements in the Manufacture of Flexible Metallic Tubes and in Joints therefor dat
Year: 1897

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"Improvements in the Manufacture of Flexible Metallic Tubes
and in Joints therefor
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"I, GEORGE GATTON MELHUISH HARDINGHAM, of 191, Fleet Street, in the City
of London, Civil Engineer, and Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention (a communication to me from the Firm of Felten' &
Guilleaume, of Mülheim-on-the-Rhine, in the German Empire, Cable Manufacturers,)
to be as follows: _
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This invention relates to the manufacture of tubes composed of one
several layers of a soft ductile metal such as lead, copper or the like in 'tubular
form; and of
or of several layers of wire arranged so as to form a tube, such
wires being of any desired shape but preferably of such a section as to ensure
their interlocking, so as to form a closed layer. These wires may be composed
of hard metal, such as iron, steel, or the like, but any other suitable metal may be
used according to the purpose for, which the tube is intended.
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In the production of tubes according to this invention, soft metal may be
employed for the inner layer, while the outer layer may be, composed of hard
wire; or the latter may be disposed, inwardly, and the layer of soft metal
outwardly. More than two layers may, however, be employed, as, for example,
several layers of soft, metal, disposed inwardly and one or several layers of wires
disposed outwardly; or the layers of soft metal and of wire may be arranged
alternately.
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According to one mode, of construction, the inner tube-layer is composed of
soft metal, while the outer tube-layer, is formed of interlocked wires. A A filling
of fibrous material, such as hemp, jute, cotton, or the like, may be laid bet
between
the inner and outer layers with a view to preventing contact between the two
portions. "As a protection against injury froin atmospheric influences, moisture,
or other causes, the outer tube may also be served with a covering of fibrous
materialai
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According to an alternative mode of construction; the exterior of the soft
metal tube: may be formed with spirale ribs ori projections of rectangular cross.
section, the spiral grooves. thus formed being filled with wires of corresponding,
form: Or the ribs' may be of dovetail-shape, the wires employed for filling
the intervening grooves being of like cross section. Any other desired form
may be imparted to the ribs and grooves, the wires being made to conform
therewith.
Compound tubes of the character herein described may be manufactured in
great lengths according to the diameter required, so that only very few joints are
rendered necessary. They are moreover capable of withstanding much greater
pressure than ordinary tubes of equal diameter and thickness of wall. They may
Several of such
be coiled like ropes and may be laid in the earth or under water.
compound tubes may be laid together to form a strand, and several such strands
may be laid up to form a cable.

page_text: A joint-piece specially adapted for use with compound tubes of the kind above
referred to and capable of affording a good connection, consists of a circular case
or shell divided longitudinally into two parts and provided with longitudinal
flanges for uniting the two parts together, packing being interposed between the
Hanges which are drawn together by means of bolts or screws. The bore or
interior of the shell which encloses the compound tube is enlarged or flared
at one end, the exterior being provided with an outwardly projecting flange. The
compound tube having been. introduced into one half of the shell, the outer
tube-layer is turned or laid back so as to fill the enlarged or flared portion of
the shell. Against the flange at the outer end of the flared portion is placed
a ring or flanged casting carrying a tube of hard metal whereof the free end is
reduced to a fine edge. This tube enters the shell and impinges against the
inner surface of the flared end of the inner tube-layer, the space between the
hard metal tube and the inner tube-layer being filled with solder. The space
which occurs between the enlarged portion of the shell and the inner tube may
be filled with asphaltum or the like. Having thus adjusted the compound tube,
the other part of the shell is applied and the two parts are fastened together by
means of bolts or screws which pass through the coinciding flanges.
The end of the length which is to be connected is fitted in a joint-piece of a
similar kind and the two joint-pieces are secured together by means of bolts or
screws. Packing of any suitable kind may if desired be interposed between the
two joint-pieces.
Dated this 27th day of Santember 1897
Improvements in the Manufacture of Flexible Metallic Tubes
and in Joints therefor.
I, GEORGE GATTON MELHUISH HARDINGHAM, of 191, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Civil Engineer and Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention (a communication to me from the Firm of Felten & Guilleaume,
of Mulheim-on-the-Rhine, in the German Empire, Cable Manufacturers,) and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to the manufacture of tubes composed of one or of several
layers of a soft ductile metal such as lead, copper, or the like in tubular form; and
of one or of several layers of wire arranged so as to form a tube, such wires being
of any desired shape but preferably of such a section as to ensure their interlocking,
so as to form a closed layer, and being laid up in long spirals similar to the wires
of a rope.
These wires may be composed of hard metal, such as iron, steel, or the
like, but any other suitable metal may be used according to the purpose for which
the tube is intended.
In the production of tubes according to this invention, soft metal may be
employed for the inner layer, while the outer layer may be composed of hard wire;
or the latter may be disposed inwardly, and the layer of soft metal outwardly.
More than two layers may, however, be employed, as, for example, several layers
of soft metal disposed inwardly and one or several layers of wire disposed out-
wardly; or the layers of soft metal and of wire may be arranged alternately.
In the accompanying drawings, Figs. 1 and 2 are transverse sections of flexible
metallic tubes, constructed according to this invention, wherein the outer or closed
layer is composed of interlocked wires. Figs. 3 and 4 are similar views wherein

page_text: the outer layer in each construction is composed of wires approximately rectangular
in_cross section; the latter construction being served with a protecting covering of
wires circular in cross section. Figs. 5 and 6 are similar views of tubes wherein
the outer layer is caused to interlock with the inner layer. Fig. 7 is an elevation
of the interior of one half of the joint showing its application to the flexible
metallic tube. Fig. 8 is a corresponding transverse section on the line x-x in
Fig. 7.
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According to the preferred mode of construction, illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2,
the inner tube-layer a is composed of soft metal, while the outer tube-layer is
formed of interlocked wires. In Fig. 1, this outer layer is composed of wires bb
approximately rectangular in cross section and locked by means of wires b¹ b¹
circular in cross section. In Fig. 2, the outer layer is composed of wires b b of
such a cross section as to ensure their interlocking without the addition of special
locking wires. A filling c of fibrous material, such as hemp, jute, cotton, or the
like, may be laid between the inner and the outer layer with a view to preventing
contact between the two portions. As a protection against injury from atmospheric
influences, moisture, or other causes, the outer tube-layer 6 may also be served
with a covering d or coverings of fibrous material. In the construction illustrated
in Figs. 3 and 4, the inner tube-layer is also composed of soft metal while the
outer or closed tube-layer is composed of wires b b approximately rectangular in
cross section; a filling c of fibrous material occupying the space between the two
layers while the outer tube-layer b is served with a covering d or coverings of
fibrous material. If, however, heavy mechanical influences have to be avoided the
exterior or protecting covering may take the form of a serving of wires d* of
circular or other suitable shape in cross section (see Fig. 4).
According to an alternative mode of construction, illustrated in Fig. 5, the
exterior of the soft metal tube a may be formed with spiral ribs or projections a* of
rectangular cross section, the spiral grooves thus formed being filled with wires b*
of corresponding form. Or the ribs a* may be of dovetail-shape, as shown in
Fig. 6, the wires * employed for filling the intervening grooves being of like cross
section. Any other desired form may however be imparted to the ribs and grooves,
the wires being made to conform therewith.
Compound tubes of the character herein described may be manufactured in
great lengths according to the diameter required, so that only very few joints are
rendered necessary. They are moreover capable of withstanding much greater
pressure than ordinary soft metal tubes of equal diameter and thickness of wall. They
may be coiled like ropes and may be laid in the earth or under water. Several of
such compound tubes may be laid together to form a strand, and several such
strands may be laid up to form a cable.
A joint-piece specially adapted for use with compound tubes of the kind above
referred to and capable of affording a good connection is illustrated in Figs. 7 and 8,
and consists of a circular case or shell A divided longitudinally into two parts and
provided with longitudinal flanges B for uniting the two parts. together, packing C
being interposed between the flanges B B which are drawn together by means of
bolts or screws D. The bore or interior A' of the shell A which encloses the
compound tube is enlarged or flared at A2, the exterior being provided with an
outwardly projecting flange A³. The compound tube having been introduced into
one half of the shell, the outer tube-layer b is turned or laid back so as to fill the
enlarged or flared portion A² of the shell. Against the flange A³ at the outer end
of the flared portion is placed a ring or flanged casting E carrying a tube e of hard
metal whereof the free end is reduced to a fine edge. This tube enters the shell
and impinges against the inner surface of the flared end of the inner tube-layer a,
the space el between the hard metal tube e and the inner tube-layer being filled
with solder. The space A* which occurs between the enlarged portion of the shell-
and the exterior of the inner tube may be filled with asphaltum or the like. Having
thus adjusted the compound tube, the other half of the shell is applied and the two
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page_text: parts are fastened together by means of the bolts or screws D D which pass through
the coinciding Hanges B B.
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The end of the length which is to be connected is similarly fitted in a correspond-
ing joint-piece and the two joint-pieces are secured together by means of bolts or
screws at F F. Packing of any suitable kind may if desired be interposed between
the flanges of the two joint-pieces.
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Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I claim:
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1. A flexible metallic tube comprising one or more tubes of soft ductile metal
and, concentric therewith, one or more tubes of hard metal composed of a number
of wires laid up in long spirals, similar to the wires of a rope, so as to form a closed
layer, substantially as herein described.
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2. A flexible metallic tube comprising one or more tubes of soft ductile metal
and, concentric therewith, one or more tubes of hard metal composed of a number
of wires, laid up in long spirals, similar to the wires. of a rope, arranged to interlock
with one another and to form a closed layer, substantially as herein described.
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3. A flexible metallic tube consisting of a tube of soft metal and an outer layer
of wires composed of hard, metal; the wires occupying spiral grooves formed in the
exterior surface of the inner, or soft metal tube, substantially, as herein described..
4. In a flexible metallic tube, the combination, with a soft metal tube and a
hard metal tubular layer of wires b, of an intermediate layer c of fibrous material,
and, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. i 70°
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5. In a flexible metallic tube, the combination, with a soft, metal tube a and a
hard metal tubular layer of wires b, of an intermediate layer c of fibrous material
and an outer protective covering,d; ord, substantially, as and for the purposes, set
forth:
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6. A multiple-bore-tube, composed of several flexible metallic tubes, c constructed
according to any one, of the modes herein described;, twisted, or cabled together,
substantially as set forth.
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7. For joining flexible metallic tubes of the kind herein referred to, a joint-piece
comprising,a,shell divided longitudinally and having a bore enlarged at one, ond
for the reception, of the turned back portion of the outer tube-layer, a sharp-edged
tube, inserted in said.enlarged part of the bore, to which the extremity of the inner
tube-layer is soldered, means for uniting, the two halves of the shell, same consisting
of bolts which pass, through longitudinal flanges, formed on each half-shell, and
means for securing the sharp-edged tube in position; said tube being carried by a
flanged casting which is bolted to the end-flange of the shell, substantially, as, set
forth.
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"Dated this 27th day of June 1898:
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