matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
THE MANUFACTURE OF AN IMPROVED INCOMBUSTIBLE PAPER
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Cahen at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd January 1877. Communicated by
(Luciano) Navarro, Professor, and (Ignacio Santiago) Fuentes, Druggist, both
of Salamanca (Spain).
ALBERT CAHEN, of Boulevard Saint Denis, No. 1, at Paris, Engineer. "THE
MANUFACTURE OF AN IMPROVED INCOMBUSTIBLE PAPER." Communicated by
(Luciano) Navarro, Professor, and (Ignacio Santiago) Fuentes, Druggist, both of
Salamanca (Spain).
This Invention relates to the manufacture of an improved incombustible paper,
and consists in introducing the paper to be made incombustible into a solution of
sulphate of ammonia, sulphate of magnesia, and sodic borate in proportions varying
according to the use for which the paper is intended. These substances mixed in
different proportions, either all three together, or two together, or even used
separately, produce incombustibility, with this difference that the products obtained
will in some cases carbonize with more difficulty than in others. I may say that
in general the greater the resistance of carbonization the more will the product
have lost flexibility, or the more acid will it contain.
The incombustible paper will not produce flame, and in order to carbonize it it is
necessary to keep it in contact with a flame. The charcoal produced by carbonizing
this paper is consistent, and allows of the writing or printing which was previously
on the paper being read, care being taken not to break or disaggregate it."
The same properties may be given to the paper and in a higher degree by incor-
porating the substances above named with the paper pulp in the course of manu-
facture either in the beating engines or troughs, or at other suitable stage.
Cardboard may be made incombustible in the same manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM LIFE-BOATS AND LAUNCHES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David James Lewin and Robert
Charles Parker at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th
February 1877.
DAVID JAMES LEWIN and ROBERT CHARLES PARKER, both of Poole, in the County
of Dorset. IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM LIFE-BOATS AND LAUNCHES."
"
Our Invention relates to open vessels, such as life-boats or launches propelled by
steam power, and has for its object the provision of means to protect the boilers and
engines of such vessels against heavy seas, and to permit of their working notwith-
standing the immersions or partial immersion of the vessels in water. For this
purpose we enclose the boiler and engines within a water-tight casing provided in
its upper part with apertures for the admission of air to feed the fires and for the
emission of smoke or products of combustion. These apertures we fit with valves
provided with floats, so that the valves, which under ordinary circumstances remain
open, are closed when struck by a wave, or are caused by the floats to close air-tight
when the floats become immersed in water.
For supplying the fires with fuel we provide water-tight hoppers or fuel boxes,
one for each fire, or in cases where the fires are close together one hopper made with
several shoots may serve for several fires. The shoots of these hoppers are provided
with screws or worms or rollers, by the rotation of which from time to time charges
of fuel are advanced into the fires; or instead of rotating screws reciprocating
plungers may be employed, these being from time to time retracted so as to allow
charges of fuel to fall in front of them from the hopper on to dead plates, and then
advanced so as to push these charges on to the fire-bars. We mount the fire-bars on
rocking frames or moveable bars so that they can be caused to oscillate for the
purpose of agitating the fires and clearing them of ash, and we also provide under
the fire-bars rakes which can be moved to and fro with their prongs projecting up
into the spaces between the fire-bars so as more effectully to clear them of ash and
clinkers; or in place of such rake or prongs a moveable plate or slice may be
arranged above the bars to be slid along them when required.
The spindles or rods for working the fuel feeders, oscillating fire-bars, and rakes
are all passed through stuffing boxes in the casing, so that they can be worked
when required from the outside thereof without admitting water to the interior;

page_text: and in like manner the propeller shafts and the rods or spindles for working safety
or shut-off valves or slide gear are passed through stuffing boxes, and the gauges
are arranged either outside the casing or behind a glass screen fixed water-tight in
the casing.
The casing is provided with suitable doors for supplying fuel, removing ash, and 5
giving access to the engines and boilers, and raising steam in calm weather, these
doors being closed water-tight when the vessel is in a seaway.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERING BOTTLES FOR CONTAINING AERATED AND OTHER LIQUIDS, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR CLOSING THE MOUTH OF JARS AND OTHER SIMILAR RECEPTACLES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Brown at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th December 1877.
JACOB BROWN, of the City of Manchester. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERING
BOTTLES FOR CONTAINING AERATED AND OTHER LIQUIDS, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR
CLOSING THE MOUTH OF JARS AND OTHER SIMILAR RECEPTACLES."
In performing my Invention I employ a washer of india-rubber, secured by
preference to the smaller extrenity of a taper plug, constructed of wood or other
suitable material. This plug is forced into the neck of the bottle or other recep-
tacle, with the washer downwards, and thus effectually closes the same.
One modification of this plug is connected to a ring of wire surrounding the
neck of the bottle or other receptacle in such a way as to hinge over or turn back,
and yet capable of being secured in the closed position by means of a suitable
flexible staple containing an eyelet hole which takes on to a hook projecting from
the side of the wooden or other plug. This modification being specially suitable
for containing aerated liquids, and posseses the advantage that it can be readily
opened without the use of a corkscrew or other opening apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Henry Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th October 1877.
JAMES HENRY SMITH, of 436, Euston Road, London, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, England. IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES."
"
In applying a spring or springs in connection with the above, so that when
passing over rough or uneven roads the jar (or concussion) on the arms is reduced,
and ease and comfort obtained, and in this instance is effected in the following
manner :- -The handle rod is in two pieces, cach piece working in a joint about two
inches from the centre of the fork, but lapping each other at the centre over the
front wheel (or wheels in the case of tricycles) so that a spring acting on each side
keeps both ends together, and the handles in the desired position, but elastic and
movable (up and down) when passing over any obstacle.
Further, I use spring foot plates, which consists in the foot plates resting on
springs in a frame in connection with or on the crank pin to answer the same
purpose for the feet (and legs) as the handle does for the arms.
Further, in connection with the said handle I fix an alarm (gong or bell) on the
top of the steering post (or other convenient place) so that the vibration of the
handles, in passing over rough or uneven roads, causes a rod resting on them to rise,
and striking the alarm will make it ring, or the rider by depressing the handles
sharply can ring it himself, or by raising them keep it from ringing.
Further, in connection with the saddles and springs of velocipedes, I have a pro-
jecting pin secured to the under side of the saddle, and corresponding holes (one or
more) made in the spring, so that the saddle can be moved from one to another, and
when fixed in the usual manner cannot slip.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER MILLS FOR CRUSHING OR GRINDING SEEDS OR OTHER GRANULAR MATTERS."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Pearson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th November 1877. A communication
from abroad by Alfred Back Lawther, residing at Chicago, Illinois, United
States of America.
ISAAC PEARSON, of the Firm of Pearson, Beckitt, and Company, Rockvilla Oil
Mill, Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain. * IMPROVEMENTS IN
ROLLER MILLS FOR CRUSHING OR GRINDING SEEDS OR OTHER GRANULAR MATTERS."
A communication from abroad by Alfred Back Lawther, residing at Chicago,
Illinois, United States of America.
This Invention relates to that class of roller mills used for crushing or grinding
seeds or other granular matters, in which two or more rollers are arranged in a
vertical series, and the object of the Invention is to improve the driving arrange-
ment of such mills.
In carrying out the Invention the rollers are held by their end journals in bearing
blocks guided in the usual way in vertical slots or guides in end frames or housings,
and pressure is applied as usual to the highest roller of the series by weighted levers,
or springs or screws, or any combination thereof. The top roller of each pair rests
on the under one, but the pressure of the under roller of each pair (excepting the
lowest of all) is transmitted to the top roller of the next lower pair by adjustable
screws between their respective bearing blocks; these screws admit of the lower
rollers of the several pairs being adjusted with a uniform distance between their
centres, notwithstanding variations in the distances between the centres of the
upper and lower roller of each pair caused by renewals or reductions of the roller
surfaces by turning or grinding, or due to other causes.
The rollers are driven by means of spur wheels fixed on their journals, all the
spur wheels on the lower rollers being outside of one end frame, and all those on
the upper rollers outside of the other end frame.
All the spur wheels at one end frame are in gear with each other, as are those at
the other end frame, and the adjusting arrangements herein-before described allow

page_text: of their being kept properly in gear under all circumstances. One spur wheel of
each end set is driven, pinions on the same shaft being arranged to drive both sets,
and this pinion shaft is carried in bearings which are adjustable on frame brackets,
so that the two pinions may be placed properly in gear with their respective spur
wheels, notwithstanding changes in their relative positions.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Francis Underwood at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th December 1877.
DANIEL FRANCIS UNDERWOOD, of the Town and County of the Town of
Nottingham. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY STEAM ENGINES."
I employ a circular ring-shaped chamber, which also forms part of or is bolted to
a suitable foundation, the chamber is provided with inlet and outlet ports, and a
sliding valve or valves, each moved from the centre outwards by a cam or cams
carried by a central shaft revolving in suitable bearings. Upon this shaft is keyed
a plate, the periphery of which slides steam-tight in a slit round the whole of the
inner circumference of the circular chamber.
The plate also carries one or more pistons which traverse the circular chamber.
The revolving shaft is also provided with a fly wheel and suitable pulleys.
REMOVING ALL SEWAGE, BOTH SOLID AND FLUID, FROM TOWNS, QUITE AWAY EVERY TWENTY- FOUR HOURS, SO THAT NO DECOMPOSITION CAN TAKE PLACE TO THROW OFF POISONOUS GASSES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Towle at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th September 1877.
JOHN TOWLE, of Coldarbour, near Oxford, Justice of the Peace. "REMOVING
ALL SEWAGE, BOTH SOLID AND FLUID, FROM TOWNS, QUITE AWAY EVERY TWENTY-
FOUR HOURS, SO THAT NO DECOMPOSITION CAN TAKE PLACE TO THROW OFF
POISONOUS GASSES."
I propose to make towns as healthy as the country by cleansing them of all
refuse, street sweepings, ashes, kitchen stuff, &c.
Every twenty-four hours I propose to cart all solid town refuse into a sunk pit,
and make it a filter bed, and lay a pipe main along every street running down out
into the filter bed. A perforated floor is placed under the filter bed, which receives
the filtered sewage; this being cleared of all solids is as manageable as water,and
may be conveyed any height by being pumped into a tank, as on the railways, and
conveyed by its own gravitation as many miles as desired on the syphon principle.
I divide the reservoir or filter bed into two parts, one to be filling while the other
is emptying into boats, carts, or railway trucks, and conveyed into the country,
making a thorough clearance every day.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PLANING OR SURFACING WOOD, AND IN APPARATUS FOR SHARPENING THE CUTTING IRONS THEREOF
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cook, junior, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd February 1877.
WILLIAM COOK, junior, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Saw and Tool Maker. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PLANING OR SURFACING
WOOD, AND IN APPARATUS FOR SHARPENING THE CUTTING IRONS THEREOF."
This Invention has for its object the planing or surfacing of wood in a superior
manner, and the convenient and accurate sharpening of the cutting irons employed.
In a machine to which the improvements are applicable the wood to be planed or
surfaced is by rollers or other suitable feeding gear. passed under a horizontal
revolving shaft or spindle placed transversely to the direction in which the wood
moves.
A cross section taken at any point of the shaft or spindle presents a square or
similar outline, but the shaft or spindle is formed with a twist, such that the
corners follow helical or screw lines.
The cutting irons are shaped with a helical twist, and are fixed on the sides of
the shaft or spindle; and the result of the described configuration is that each
cutting iron does not come in contact with the wood along the whole of its cutting
edge at once, as is the case with the ordinary straight irons, but operates gradually;
and the helical twist is, by preference, so proportioned that as one iron is finishing
its cut the next is just coming into action, whereby the action is rendered con-
tinuous and steady, and has none of the intermittent beating effect of the ordinary
arrangement.
An emery or similar grinding wheel is employed for sharpening the cutting iron,
being carried on a shaft which is held parallel to the planing spindle in arms
adjustable upon brackets formed or fixed on the standards of the machine. The
grinding wheel which is driven by a belt or suitable gearing is fed along its shaft
as the sharpening proceeds by means of a screw shaft which acts on a forked arm,
between the ends of which the wheel is placed.
When the helical cutting iron is being sharpened by the emery wheel a weighted
cord is applied to the spindle to give it a tendency to turn and bear the iron

page_text: against the grinding wheel, and as the grinding wheel moves along its shaft the
spindle turns slowly by the action of the weighted cord, and causes the different
parts of the helical edge to bear in succession on the wheel.
The described arrangements for applying the grinding wheel are equally and
advantageously applicable to machines with straight cutting irons.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DESKS FOR SCHOLASTIC PURPOSES
Year: 1877

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Jewitt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd January 1877.
HENRY JEWITT, of Kentish Town, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN DESKS FOR SCHOLASTIC PURPOSES." A communication from abroad by William
Rose, of New York, United States of America.
This Invention relates to certaim improvements upon the subject of Letters
Patent dated 18th December, 1875, No. 4405, granted to me, the object of these
improvements being,
First. To increase the working surface or surface available for use in making
copies.
And, Secondly. To utilize the space below the working surface and between the
sloping sides or framing, as an additional receptacle for useful articles, such as
copies, pencils, a rule, rubber, or the like.
According to this Invention the desk is constructed with a hinged lid, and this
hinged lid is made as a frame fitted with a slate or porcelain slab, or both, or a
board" of mounted paper for use as the writing, copying, or working surface, and
so that either side of the working surface may be used, according to whether the
lid is open or shut, and forming, when the lid is open, a second sloping desk board.
A catch and pin, or other convenient fastening, is provided for keeping the desk
closed, when so desired.
On the upper edge of the lid are two blocks provided with channels, cuts, or
mortices; or spring clips may be used, into which the edges of the copy slips may
be placed to hold same at the head of the slate, or working or copying surface,
conveniently for the use of the pupil or user.
The sloping sides or frame of the desk is covered in or made with a bottom, and
within the space so obtained is arranged the receptacle for copies, and also other
subdivisions or receptacles for various useful articles, such as a rule, pencils, rubber,
slate cleaner, or the like, the whole making a compact useful article.
According to a modification the desk constructed substantially as described in
the Specification of Letters Patent before referred to, that is, with the receptacle for
copies at the head of the slate, or writing or working surface, is made or fitted on
the under side of the framing, with a "beading" to form a grooved or channelled
וע....מ

page_text: slide for the reception of a sliding board or bottom, and in this space on the under
side of the desk are arranged receptacles for pencils and the like, and a space or
recess fitted with a sheet of frosted glass as a transparency upon which to trace,
copy, or reproduce drawings, designs, and the like, as will be well understood, the
necessary slips or copies being contained in the recess below the glass. This said 5
space below the desk, and the, articles therein, is and are enclosed and covered in
by the sliding cover or bottom before described.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Dugdale, Joseph Dugdale,
and William Mould at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
7th April 1877.
EDWARD DUGDALE and JOSEPH DUGDALE, both of Blackburn, in the County of
Lancaster, Machine Makers, and WILLIAM MOULD, of Preston, in the same County,
Mccanician. "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Our Invention consists in an improved arrangement of parts for raising and
lowering the heald shafts to form the shed.
Our improved machinery consists of two standards supporting a horizontal shaft,
on each end of which is fixed an arm or lever, on the ends of which is fixed a blade
or knife; on the outside of these arms are placed two other arms and a blade ;
these arms work loose on the shaft; the inner arms and blade can pass and repass
the outer ones without touching each other. On one end of the shaft is fixed a
lever which is connected to a vertical rod moved up and down from any working
part of the loom; on the opposite end of the shaft is fixed a bevel wheel, and on the
boss of one of the outer arms of the outer blade is also fixed another bevel
wheel; these two wheels gear into an intermediate bevel wheel supported on a stud
in the framing; these bevel wheels reverse the direction of motion of the blades.
On that part of the shaft inside the standards is placed a number of loose pulleys or
quadrants of varying diameters; to the periphery of each pulley or quadrant is
jointed a catch; these catches descend a little below the axis of the shaft; the plain
ends of the catches are raised above the pulley or quadrant.
The pulleys, or quadrants, and catches, are all kept in their proper position by an
iron bar that passes through the standards and through an open space between the
arms of the pulleys or quadrants, or through segmental slots; this bar keeps all the
catches horizontal, and releases the catches from the blades the instant the arms of
the pulleys or quadrants touch the bar. Each pulley is provided with a cord which
is connected to one of the heald shafts.
Above the plain ends of the catches is placed a revolving cylinder with lags and
pegs, or a chain of lags and pegs, or cards, which is moved up and down at each
pick or shoot of the shuttle. These pegs, or their equivalents, raise the hooked end
of the catch and bring it in contact with the reciprocating blade which will take

page_text: the catch, pulley, or quadrant and cord with it to the end of its course; the cords on
the periphery of the pulleys or quadrants raise the heald shafts and form the shed
for the shuttle to pass through; the tension on the heald shaft brings the pulley or
quadrant and catch, in its homeward course to its normal position. By this means
all the catches selected to form the shed are acted upon simultaneously by the knife 5
or blade, and consequently all the selected shafts are lifted at the same instant,
whereas in all other shedding apparatus the shafts are lifted in succession.
IMPROVEMENTS IN
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Jarvis at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd October 1877.
JAMES JARVIS, of Hackney, in the County of Middlesex.
WATERPROOF SHOES AND BOOTS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
The object of this Invention is to afford the wearer of waterproof shoes and boots,
made with india-rubber or gutta percha soles, a better foot-hold, and prevent slipping
and falling. For this purpose I place on the india-rubber or gutta percha sole a
leather heel, all as herein-after described.
As applied to an ordinary boot or shoe with india-rubber sole I carry the
latter under the place for the heel to within a short distance of the back of the
heel.
I by preference pair the india-rubber or gutta percha sole down along the sides
and back at this place; I then put the split "lift" round the place for the heel, then
place the "lift" over it, and sew or otherwise secure the three together, the leather
heel is then built thereon in the usual manner.
As regards leather soled boots or shoes provided with an extra india-rubber or
gutta percha sole, I carry it under the heel as aforesaid, and build the heel by
preference as described.
The sole may be formed with a plain, or fluted, or ribbed, or corrugated surface.
By the use of this Invention invalids and others are enabled to go out in the wet
without fear of damp feet or accidents from slipping, and additional security and
comfort is afforded to sportsmen and others when standing or walking in wet or
damp places.
AN IMPROVED YARN WINDING REGULATOR FOR MULE SPINNING FRAMES."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Jackson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th February 1877.
SAMUEL JACKSON, of Lawrence, in the Country of Essex, and Commonwelth of
Massachusetts, one of the United States of America. "AN IMPROVED YARN
WINDING REGULATOR FOR MULE SPINNING FRAMES."
The object of my Invention is the production of a yarn winding regulator, which
shall be simple in its construction and effective for the purpose herein-after
specified.
This object I accomplish by attaching to a mule carriage and quadrant, in place
of the regulating mechanism now in use, a simple device consisting of levers, inclines,
a rack and pinion, and a compound rod, so combined that the rack is automatically
raised to engage with a self-regulating pinion placed at the lower end of a quadrant
screw, and turns the same a measured distance; then the rack is dropped from the
pinion and passes freely from the same.
In carrying my Invention into practise, an arm is provided to hold the said device
or apparatus securely to a carriage, and serves as a base for the same.
A slide pro-
vided with an incline is arranged to raise the rack. The said rack is double, that is
to say, it forms a long and short rack, and it has two dart-formed points designed
to turn the quadrant screw.
The base is provided with slotted arms, and is designed to support the mechanism;
it is to be securely bolted to the aforesaid arm, the slots serving as means for
adjustment. A finger is placed on the end of the slide to ship the same. A section
of a compound rod is attached to the top follower, passing through the end of the
said slide, and is designed to throw the rack into gear. Another section of the
compound rod is attached to the lower follower and passes through the said slide. A
star gear wheel is placed on the floor to engage with the said sections of the rod in
moving the slide. A gear wheel is placed at the lower end of the quadrant screw.
A fixed shaft provided with a screw serves as an arbor for the pinions and
bevel gear wheels, one pinion having a thread designed to receive the fixed
arbor at one extremity, and the said bevil gear wheel at the other. A spline is
attached to the axle of the said wheel to insure its revolution with the pinion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EAR- RINGS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th December 1877. A communication
from Rudolf Speltz, Jeweller, of Frankfort-on-the-Main, in the Empire of
Germany.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Solicitors, at
Frankfort-on-the-Main, in the Empire of Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN EAR-
RINGS." [A communication from Rudolf Speltz, Jeweller, of Frankfort-on-the Main,
in the Empire of Germany.]
This Invention relates to improvements in ear-rings.
An ear-ring constructed according to this Inventlon may be placed in the ear, or
taken out of the same, with the greatest case and without hurting or injuring the
ear in the least When in the ear it always hangs straight, which is of great
importance when brilliants are worn, and this advantage has not been obtained
with ear-rings as heretofore constructed.
In carrying the said Invention into practice, a hook is firmly attached to the
frame of the ear-ring, and there is a loop which moves on a hinge or joint; when
the said hook is placed in the ear, the said loop is pushed up behind, holding the
whole ear-ring in position; to remove the ear-ring, the operation is reversed.
Another hook is provided for attaching pendants, which latter may be attached
when the aforesaid loop is bent forward. When the ear-ring is in the ear the
pendant cannot be removed or drop off, on account of the tip of the hook passing
up between the loop.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING SEWER GAS AND OTHER NOXIOUS EFFLUVIA FROM ENTERING DWELLING HOUSES AND OTHER PLACES, CHIEFLY FROM PIPES CONNECTED WITH DRAINS, SEWERS, OR CESSPOOLS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Kitson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th January 1877
"
JAMES KITSON, of No 1, Park Villas, Vanbuigh Road, East Greenwich, Kent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING SEWER GAS AND OTHER NOXIOUS
EFFLUVIA FROM ENTERING DWELLING HOUSES AND OTHER PLACES, CHIEFLY FROM
PIPES CONNECTED WITH DRAINS, SEWERS, OR CESSPOOLS"
I make a vessel or tiap of earthenware or metal and of various dimensions, the
Size being regulated by the size of the pipes to which it is to be connected and the
quantity of liquid or sewage that may have to pass through it The vessel or trap
18 wider at one end than the other, and is concaved at the bottom, and tapers
towards the outlet pipe, the deepest part of the vessel being fiom 9 inches to 12
inches below the outlet
I place a division or partition across the vessel, the bottom of which reaches 2 or
3 inches below the outlet, thus the vessel becomes trapped with water standing in
it in the manner of those ordinarily in use, but as the method of trapping by water
often fails, I place a balance flap, which works upon a V shaped piece of metal
which rests on a grooved bearing, having one grooved bearing for small, and double
grooved bearings for large traps From the back of these bearings I fit a cover in
the vessel which effectually closes over the back part of the trap to the top of the
outlet pipe
The balance flap is made to fit closely to the inlet, so as when shut to entirely
close up the opening
The flap is made to contain a little water, which effectually
seals that part of the inlet which is covered by the balance flap This vessel or
tiap I fix in the line of drain pipes leading to the sewer, so that when the sewage
or water comes down the pipe or drain it presses upon the balance flap, which falls
open through the pressure of the weight upon it, and throws off its contents, which
pass on through the vessel, and away to the sewer, and the balance flap immediately
rises to its former position, thereby closing up the inlet, so that any gas from the
sewer must first force its way downwards through the water of the vessel and under
the division across the trap before it can reach the inlet pipe, which is closed by
[Price 201

page_text: the balance flap, and any pressure underneath the flap by the gas simply closes it
tighter This balance flap I also fix in a metal box, and attach it to the line of
pipes leaving closets and sinks or other places
I also introduco a water pipe to bottom of vessel or trap for the purpose of
flushing out the vessel when so required
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ACTIONS OF PIANOFORTES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Witton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th March 1877.
HENRY WITTON, of Hanover Street, St. Peter's Street, Islington, in the County
of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ACTIONS OF PIANOFORTES.'
The Invention has for its object improvements in the actions of pianofortes,
whereby I obtain a perfect check close to the string, non-liability to blocking or
getting out of repair, simplicity of action, firmness of blow, and lightness of touch,
combined with cheapness and durability. For this purpose I employ a new con-
struction of "hopper" and a now "lever check "acting on a notch or projection on
the "sticker."
In carrying my Invention into effect I place the "stock" or fixed portion of the
"hopper" in front of the "fly" or hinged portion instead of behind, by which
means the stock or fixed portion of the "hopper" can be made longer in proportion
to the length of the "fly" than has heretofore been the case, and the "hopper
pin" can be made to operate near the end of the "fly" instead of as heretofore at
or near the centre thereof. By this arrangement the position of the "fly" under
the "under hammer" or "hopper lever" is less influenced than heretofore by any
variation or wear of the "hopper button" and cloth, which latter are also less
affected by the action of the "hopper spring," and consequently the liability of the
action to "block" is greatly reduced. I also by placing the "button" against the
head of the "hopper pin" obtain increased firmness, whereby it cannot be dislodged,
whilst it can be made of any necessary strength, and therefore not liable to split. I
place the spring acting upon the "hopper fly" at the back of the latter, and cause it
to pull the hopper fly" back by acting within an eye or loop fixed to the "fly."
The mode of obtaining the improved check is as follows:-I employ a check lover,
which is mounted on an axis of motion, or hinged to a rail near its centre, so as to
permit of its free motion. A "button" carried by one end of such check lover is
acted upon by the end of the "stock" or fixed portion of the "hopper," whilst the
other end of the check lever acts in combination with a notch or projection on
the "sticker."
"
The action of my improved check is as follows:-On the key being set in motion
by the performer the greater portion of the motion of the key is employed in giving

page_text: "
"
motion to the hammer, and at the moment when the hammer strikes the string and
as the "under hammer or "hopper lever" falls on to the "back check" of the
hopper," and thereby brings the hammer a short distance back from the string, the
end of the check lever is brought to bear on the notch or projection on the "sticker,"
and thereby effectually holds the hammer in check, and prevents its return to the 5
string so long as the key remains depressed by the finger.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR MAKING POUND AND OTHER CAKES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Frederick Meredith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th October 1877.
WILLIAM FREDERICK MEREDITH, of Commercial Road East, in the County of
Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR MAKING POUND AND OTHER CAKES."
My Invention relates to machines for making pound and other cakes, and consists
mainly in an improved arrangement of the orifices through which the dough or
batter is expressed from the dough box, and of the knife which works across the
said orifices, and at each descent cuts off the proper quantity of dough to fill the
moulds; also in a simplified arrangement of the operative mechanism of the various
parts of the machine, and in the combination therewith of apparatus for distributing
currants or other fruit or condiment on to the dough in the moulds.
The machine comprises a dough box mounted in a suitable frame, and provided
with a plunger working horizontally therein, by which the dough is expressed
through a row of orifices leading in a downwardly and forwardly inclined direction
through the front end of the dough box. The knife is fitted to work up and down
close against the front of the dough box, and across the ends of the orifices, which,
passing obliquely through the end of the dough box, as above mentioned, are met by
the knife at such an angle as will ensure the dough being cut clean off without
adhering to the knife or the dough box. The knife is fitted to work in vertical
guides, and is operated by cranks or eccentrics on a horizontal shaft above.
Beneath the dough box there is an endless travelling apron, supported by a table,
and on which is placed a tray provided with rows of moulds to be filled with the
dough struck off by the knife at each descent at the several orifices, beneath which
the moulds come as the tray is fed along by the apron. The latter is operated by
ratchet and pawl gear applied to one of its rollers from the knife or other shaft, and
the apron and table are made adjustable in height at one end to adapt the machine
to moulds of various depths, and a tension device is provided for the apron.
The dough box plunger is worked by a longitudinal screw shaft rotated by worm
gearing from a cross shaft at the back end of the machine, the latter shaft being
also operated by ratchet and pawl gear from the knife shaft..

page_text: The apparatus for distributing currants or other condiments to the moulds consists
of a hopper with orifices at bottom leading to a semicircular trough divided trans-
versely into compartments by vertical discs fixed on a shaft, and rotating in the
trough. To each disc is attached a cup or cups, by which the currants fed from the
hopper to the several compartments of the trough are taken in regular quantities,
and discharged into a row of spouts, under which the rows of moulds come in suc-
.cession after being filled with dough from the dough box.
The disc shaft is geared with the knife shaft, and either the one or the other may
be the driving shaft of the machine.
AN IMPROVED INDEX MACHINE USED IN LOOMS FOR FANCY WEAVING
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Snape at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th February 1877
WILLIAM SNAPE, of Gicat Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Jacquard Machinist
"AN IMPROVED INDEX MACHINE USED IN LOOMS FOR FANCY WEAVING"
This Invention relates to the double lift dobby or index machine used for raising the
warp threads of the fabric according to the desned pattern or design, and consists in
certain improved arrangements and combinations for enabling a large number of
jacquard hooks and needles or lances to be worked more simply and efficiently than
has hitherto been accomplished
I use one or two ordinary Jacquard cylinder pattern cards, hooks, and also the
needles or lances acted upon by the blanks of the cards when the cylinder or
cylinders are moved for waid, but instead of using two knives or lifters for raising
the hooks and warp threads I employ four or more knives fixed to vertical slides
working in guides in the side fiames of the apparatus, or I use pattern pegged
cylinders or lattices instead of the pattein cards and card cylinder.
In one arrangement I joint the slides to one end of the connecting rods, jointed at
their other ends to two levels coupled together and worked by an arm or lever
Jointed to a crank on the cranked shaft, and for giving motion to the card cylinder
I connect it to a lever having vibrating movement imparted to it by a lever con-
nected to a crank on the tappet shaft
In another arrangement I form on the slides cross heads having cential bosses or
trunnions connected by rods and levers with a crank on the crank shaft, and give
horizontal motion to the card cylinder by arms or levers worked by a crank on the
the tappet shaft.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FULLING AND MILLING MACHINES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Bates at the Office of the
Cominissioners of Patents on the 1st December 1877.
FREDERICK BATES, of the Firm of William Bates and Son, of Sowerby Bridge,
in the County of York, Machine Makers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FULLING AND
MILLING MACHINES."
The object of this Invention is to measure and indicate the length of a piece of
fabric as it is passing through the machine, and thereby dispense with the necessity
of measuring the piece after it is taken out of the machine.
The improvements consist in the use and employment of a worm and wheel which
works on the end of one of the rollers over which the piece passes, so that as the
said piece travels over the roller it is measured and its length indicated on a dial or
clock face by means of a finger.
This measuring and indicating apparatus may be fixed and driven from any con-
venient part of the machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY SIGNALS AND OTHER SIGNALS INTENDED TO SIGNAL IN THE DARK
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ephraim Smith at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th May 1877.
EPHRAIM SMITH, of No. 4, Carlisle Street, Soho Square, in the County of Middle-
sex, Goldsmith. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY SIGNALS AND
OTHER SIGNALS INTENDED TO SIGNAL IN THE DARK."
My Invention relates to a mode of so constructing signal apparatus that the
position of a line of light or elongated light, whether horizontal or at an angle to the
horizontal line, is used to indicate a required signal.
By means of my Invention I am enabled to obviate the dangers and difficulties
arising from the use of differences in colour for the purpose of signalling in the
dark.
I attach to an ordinary signal post or equivalent support a hollow arm or
chamber jointed and moved like an ordinary semaphore arm or in an equivalent
manner. The hollow arm is provided with transparent sides made of glass or other
like material. The light of a lamp or lamps is caused to shine inside the hollow arm
or chamber, and by means of suitable reflecting or refracting surfaces it is made to
represent a line of light or elongated light.
The length of the line of light or elongated light will depend on the size of the
aperture made in the arm or chamber, and the strength of the light of the lamp and
the position of the reflectors or refractors.
It will be obvious that by causing the line of light to assume a horizontal or
other required position, a signal may be given in the dark that cannot possibly be
mistaken by reason of any defective vision in the observer, such as colour blindness,
which in the case of signals varying only by differences of colour, has often led to
accident.
Ordinary moving mechanism, such as is used for working the semaphore signals
in use, or other equivalent mechanism, may be used for giving the requisite motions to
the illuminated signal arms, the use of which is a material feature in my Invention.
Other means of illuminating the signal arms, such as the use of several lamps, may
be employed, but not so advantageously as that above mentioned.
A NEW OR IMPROVED GAME CALLED HEAVY ARTILLERY
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Jewitt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th February 1877. A communication from
abroad by William Rose, of New York, United States of America.
HENRY JEWITT, of Kentish Town, in the County of Middlesex.
" A NEW OR
IMPROVED GAME CALLED HEAVY ARTILLERY." A communication from abroad by
William Rose, of New York, United States of America.
This Invention relates partly to further improvements upon the subject of Letters
Patent granted to me, dated respectively 5th November, 1868, No. 3355, and 28th
May, 1874, No. 1866, and also consists in the production of a new or improved toy.
A cylindrical piece of wood shaped so as to represent a cannon, and having pins
or pieces as trunnions fixed in and extending from the side thereof, is mounted in a
framework serving as a carriage, and on the sides of said carriage is pivoted or
jointed arms or pieces having parts cut away so as to form a recess in said arms
which will fit over the extremity of the trunnion pieces, and secure the cannon piece
on the carriage, and through the centre of the gun piece is a piston capable of
working backward and forward, and having an antifriction roller in the end of a
knob fixed on the piston rod, and which extends outward at the rear of the gun.
An elastic band is attached by its ends to the middle part of the gun, and the loop
so formed is stretched over the antifriction roller in the end of the piston knob.
The piston rod carries a disc which works within the cylinder of the gun piece. A
second board is hinged to the board forming the bottom of the carriage so as to
lengthen and steady same. A number, more or less, of blocks are employed, and
also other pieces or figures painted to represent soldiers, and some of these blocks
are formed with grooves to support the figures (as described in the aforesaid Letters
Patent) so as when placed together they will resemble manned fortifications, and a
flag may be employed, and the blocks and figures be diversely arranged. The gun
fitted with the elastic band, and which acts upon the piston after it has been drawn
backwards by hand so as forcibly to return it to its close position, is used to discharge
an india-rubber or other ball against the arranged blocks and figures.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROTECTING VESSELS FROM THE ATTACK OF THE 'FISH' OR OTHER LOCOMOTIVE TORPEDO
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Cecil Percival Stone at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th May 1877.
"
CECIL PERCIVAL STONE, of Wigmore Street, Cavendish Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Captain, 1st Battalion 16th Regiment. IMPROVEMENTS IN PROTECTING
VESSELS FROM THE ATTACK OF THE 'FISH' OR OTHER LOCOMOTIVE TORPEDO."
"
My Invention relates to the application of electricity, both electro-magnetic and
galvanic, to afford a means of defence against the attack of the "fish or other
locomotive torpedo.
I propose to use a wire framework, removable at pleasure, circumscribing the
ship when necessary, or any vital portion thereof, such as boiler space, engine room,
or powder room, and through which framework, either by breaking these wires or
stretching them, the torpedo must pass to strike the ship. The strecthing or rupture
of these wires (and by wires I include the supporting stanchions), a metal contact at
once takes place, which induces a current acting upon a magnet on board, which
again acting upon a trigger, armature, or other suitable arrangement, sets free a clip,
hook, or other mechanism holding a rope or other support of a mantelet, shield, rope,
or metal chain, which in falling will arrest or divert the passage of the torpedo,
catching and rendering it inefficacious should it not explode.
The mantelet or net may be of iron bars, possessing the necessary compressing
force, and into the interstices of which the torpedo must plunge, I say must, from
the inherent construction of this mantelet, unless the torpedo is set to go off extremely
fine, when it may explode upon impact with this net, but over sixteen feet from the
ship's side, where its destructive effect is reduced to a minimum.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR CUTTING OR PARING OIL OR LIKE CAKE
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Speck Brittain at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th January 1877.
CHARLES SPECK BRITTAIN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Overlooker,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR CUTTING OR PARING OIL OR LIKE
CAKE."
This Invention has for its object to provide simple, durable, and efficient
apparatus or appliances capable of rapidly cutting, paring, or trimming the sides
and ends of linseed oil or like cakes, so as to leave the same of uniform size and
shape.
In carrying out my Invention I proceed as follows:-A platform or table is pro-
vided, on which the linseed oil or like cake to be cut, pared, or trimmed is laid;
clips or holders then act so as to grip the said cake and retain it in position whilst
being operated upon by four knives, which simultaneously cut, pare, or trim the sides
and ends of the said cake. The side knives receive motion direct from a pair of
levers connected to a rocking shaft, which is operated by a connecting rod from a
disc or crank on a second motion shaft. The end knives are attached to a double-
ended lever, the centre of which is secured to an upright shaft or spindle working
with a rocking motion and connected by a crank or excentric on second motion
shaft. The top of the apparatus rises above the cake platform, so that the knives
can pass thereunder after operating on the cake.
The blades of the knives are sharpened on both edges, so as to completely cut,
pare, or trim a cake on each stroke of the said knives, whether forward or back-
ward. After each stroke of the said blades the motion of the driving shaft is
arrested by being thrown out of gear with or disconnected from the prime motive
power, at the same time the clips or holders rise and release the cake, which is then
removed and replaced by another one.