A MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR DRAWING AND COPYING, AND REDUCING DRAWINGS, AND FOR TAKING PANORAMAS
Year: 1831

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JEAN
MARIE ETIENNE ARDIT, of Newman Street, Oxford Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Printer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Tenth day of August, in the second year of His reign, did,
for Himself, His heirs and successors, give, and grant unto me, the said
Jean Marie Etienne Ardit, His especial licence, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said Jean Marie, Etienne Ardit, my exors, admors, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Jean Marie Etienne Ardit, my exors, admors, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times during the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, the Invention of "A MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR
DRAWING AND COPYING, AND REDUCING DRAWINGS, AND FOR TAKING PANORAMAS,"
communicated to me by a certain foreigner residing abroad; in which said
Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that I, the said Jean Marie Etienne
Ardit, shall cause a particular description of the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His
said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within two calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and
by the same, reference being, thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said Jean
Marie Etienne Ardit, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed and carried into effect, are
fully described and ascertained in and by the following description thereof,
reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the figures
and letters marked thereon (that is to say):-
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Fig. 1 represents a perspective view of one arrangement of the apparatus
for making drawings from landscapes or other objects or for copying drawings.
A steel bar A, B, perfectly straight, and of an equal thickness the whole of
its length, is supported at one of its extremities B by a wheel R, the axis of
which is parallel to the steel bar and lengthens it. The other extremity is
mounted on a carriage S, T, the wheels of which S, T, are grooved like pullies;
the shape of the grooves is a triangle. The carriage runs upon a cylindrical
steel bar F, which is made fast upon a bar G, with which it forms one piece,
and becomes a guide rail for the wheels S, T. Under this bar F, G, are some
small points to fix it on the table on which the drawing is to be made. The
bar A, B, slides in a motice formed through the carriage, and may be fixed by
means of a screw C. The wheels R at the end B of the bar A, B, and the wheels
S, T, at the end A, are of equal diameter, which makes the bar A, B, parallel
to the table. Some instruments have above the wheel R a screw to regulate
the height at pleasure. It will be seen, that the bar when put in motion can
never move otherwise than parallel to itself. Nuts are placed at the
extremities of the axis of the wheels R, S, and T, to regulate the play on their
axes, and at the same time keep them from shaking upon the bar slides with
the greatest freedom but without shaking. Through a motice in the brass
plate H, I, which fits it exactly, and upon the plate H, slides in a dovetailed
groove the plate I, which carries a tube K, soldered to it vertically. The
plate I is fixed upon the plate H by a tightening screw M. In the tube K
ascends and descends another tube N, on the top of which is a cup; the tube
N serves as a pencil case. The tube K is slit its whole length to leave a
passage for a pin soldered on one side to the pencil case N, and on the other
to a ring O, which serves to raise and let down the pencil case N; the ring is
held between the fingers, and when it is not desired for the pencil to mark, a
finger is placed on the little lever P, which raises the pencil off the paper;
more or less force can be given to the pencil mark, and at the same time the
makr will be uniform and strong in proportion to the weight placed in the cup
on the pencil case N. At the extremity B of the bar is placed a brass standard

page_text: U, V, perfectly straight, having in its whole length a small groove. The standard
may be inclined at pleasure, and fixed by a screw X, which forms the axis on
which fastens the joint. Another tightening screw Y fixes the tube near the
wheel R (it may be taken off if necessary). Along the tube slides freely, but
5 without shaking, a square box a, b, furnished in the inside with a small pin,
which runs in the groove and prevents the box from turning round. An
ocular c, d, with several holes, slides in the box by the means of dovetails; a
screw e when required fixes the box to the tube. At the top of the tube is
a small pulley, and at the side of its base another little pulley; both are
O arranged in such a manner, that a wire which is fastened to the box a, b, goes
round the pullies f and g, and is afterwards fixed to a button h placed on the
plate h; it remains parallel from h to g to the steel bar, and from to to
the tube U, V. Upon the carriage S, T, is raised another tube i, j, perfectly
similar to the first, capable of being inclined and fixed by the screw K, which
tightens the joint, and admits also of being turned round on the carriage by the
means of a strong screw placed underneath; it is, like the other, terminated by
two pullies land m. A square box, n, o, like the box a, b, and sliding in the
same manner, carries a little frame p, q; across it is placed a hair, destined' to
receive a colored point or sight. Note.-The frame is sometimes double; a
drawing screw may move as required the sight to the right or left, to make'
it coincide with the point of the pencil. If, in the case of renewing the point.
it should not fall exactly on the same place, a thread is fixed to the box at the
point o; goes round the pully m, and holds suspended a weight which slides in
the interior of the tube i,j. A wire is fixed at p, goes round and the pulley 1,
and is afterwards fixed to the second button z, placed on the box H, I. The
two buttons ŕ and h turn very stiff'; their use is to tighten the wires, which
ought to be in this part of the machine parallel to the bar A, B, and to the
tube i, j, from 1 to p. The tube U, V, may be taken off and placed on a
cramp, Fig. 2, which is fixed to the table; the ocular being then fastened by
the screw e, the machine becomes the ordinary diagraphe. The tube i, j, may
equally be taken off to render stationary the sight, leaving nothing but the
eye moveable. Lastly, the instrument folds on itself, and occupies by this
micans very little room.
.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DIAGRAPHE FOR TAKING PANORAMAS.
The instrument is composed, in the first place, like the preceding one, of a
steel rod, a pencil case, a carriage, and of the conducting tube of the frame.
The single wheel which terminates the bar is replaced by a train of wheels =,
mounted under the extremity of a long box B, C, which slides easily without

page_text: shaking along the steel bar. At the upper part of the box B, C, are placed
two small ivory wheels, between which a steel rod passes; the rod, as well as
a brass bar G, H, are carried upon two carriages furnished with grooved
wheels, and run upon two parallel rods I, K, L, M. In the middle of the
bar G, H, is placed the ocular.
The train of wheels r runs upon a steel spring, which is made to take all
the curves of the circumference of the cylinder upon which the panorama is,
made; the curve is fixed to the board by the means of little points. At each
movement of the diagraphe, the train of wheels r, forced to run upon a curve,.
which approaches or leaves the principal conducting rod of the diagraphe,
will force the box B, C, to slide on the steel bar, and will oblige the ocular
to approach the sight, according to the ordinates of the conducting curve
of the train of wheels r. In the case that the motion should be a straight
line, parallel to the rod, it becomes a common diagraphe. In the following.
Figures the various parts used are represented.
Figures 3, 4, and 5 are three views of the principal carriage; Figure 3 repre-
sents the under side, Figure 4, the upper, and Figure 5 the side view, and nut
and screw to adjust the wheels. K, tightening screw of the tube i,j; 7, axis of
rotation of the tube i, j, upon itself; 8, second joint, perpendicular to the first;
o, p, q, (Figure 4,) a frame, which ascends and descends along the tube i, j;
2, 3, (Figure 4,) a second frame, which slides in the first by the means of the
drawing screw; 5, 9, 10, (Figure 3,) a small groove sunk in the substance
of the tube, in which a pin fixed in the interior of the square box o, n, slides
(Figure 4); 6 (Figure 4), axis of rotation of the steel bar A, B; the screw c
is placed in the opening 1, and fixes the bar A, B, perpendicular to the
carriage. In the bottom of the opening is a screw, which shews when the
position of the bar A, B, is perpendicular. Figure 6, 7, 8, a pencil case, which.
slides on the steel bar A, B. Fig. 6, upper view of the pencil; Figure 7,.
pencil as seen in the direction of the bar A, B; Figure 8, pencil as seen in
the direction of the length of the bar. n, a cup to receive a weight; m,
tightening screw, to fix the plates of the pencil case upon the box, which slides
in a dovetail; r, h, two buttons on which the wire is wound round; 1 and 2,
small pins, round which the wire passes in order to be parallel to the bar and
tube P; Q, a lever to raise the pencil case; 3, a slider, which holds to the
pencil case by a small pin, which runs in a groove the whole length of the
upper part of the tube. K, L, Figure 9 and 10, carriage R placed at the
other extremity of the steel bar; R, a wheel, the edge of which is round;
I and 6, an endless screw, which raises at pleasure the wheel R; U, V, a tube
which conducts the moveable ocular; g, a pulley, round which the wire passes

page_text: to communicate with the moveable ocular by the means of the pulley F,
(Figure 14 and 15); X, large tightening screw of the joint of the tube U, V ;
Y, tightening screw, which fixes the projetant apparatus, upon the plate of the
carriage R; 2, a small fixed screw, which receives the opening 2 made in the,
plate of the projetant apparatus (Figure 11); 3, a tightening screw to fix the
carriage R to the bar A, B. For more exactness, the carriage R may be:
replaced by a carriage with two wheels, similar to the principal one; the
carriage must run on a second rod, as Figure 17, 18, and must be made
perfectly parallel to the first by the means of a screw, which raises it up.
Figure 11 the underneath view of the projectant apparatus. 9, the same
pulley as the preceding one (Figure 9 and 10); 4 and 5, a small groove in
which the little pins fixed in the interior of the box a, b, which carries the
moveable ocular slide; 2 and 3, openings made in the plate, which enter, one
under the screw 2 (Figure 10), the other under the screw. Y, Figure 12 and
13, a brass cramp, to be fixed on the edge of the table by the screw 3, 4.
Y 2, a plate similar to that of carriage R, upon which the apparatus is to be
fixed (Figure 11). Figure 14 and 15, the front and side view of the upper
part of the tube U, V. c, d, moveable ocular; e, a small screw to fix the
ocular to the tube; 1 a point where the wire is to be fixed; 3, 3, a small box,
which may turn on a centre o, destined to receive the ocular c, d, when, after
having placed the tube U, V, upon the cramp (Figure 12 and 13), it is,
required to have the ocular immoveable; f, a pulley round which the wire
passes. Figure 16, the upper part of the tube i, j. m, a pulley, which com-
municates with the frame o, p, q, (Figure 4), and with the weight which slides
in the interior of the tube i, j. Figure 17 and 18, the upper and side view of
the conducting rod G, F. 2, small points to fasten down with on the table;
1, a pin to prevent the carriage S, T, from leaving the rod.
flat spring, fixed on the table by the means of the points 1.
Figure 19, a long
Figure 20 and 21,
carries the ocular;
the front and side plan of the panorama apparatus which
and C, wheels of the carriage, shaped the same as the wheels S and T of the
first carriage; g, a tightening screw, which fixes the stem of the ocular upon
the cross piece which joins the two carriages; λ, a round polished steel rod,
which joins also the two carriages; μ, a tightening screw, to fix the ocular at
the height required. Figure 22 and 23, a large brass box, which takes the
place of the carriage R and slides freely without shaking on the steel rod;
B, B, small boxes, which slide on the great one, and fixed to it by the screws
V, V; r, a train of wheels, which turn round altogether under the box B and
run on the long flat spring (Figure 19); R, R, two ivory wheels, between
which the steel rod slides a, a'.

page_text: Having now described the nature and construction of the Invention com-
municated to me from abroad, I would have it understood that I lay no claim
to those parts which are already known and in use; but I do claim the applica-
tion of the standard U, V, to the ordinary diagraphe, as above described; and
I do further claim the particular arrangement of additional parts described
and shewn for adopting the same to the purpose of drawing panoramas.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jean Marie Etienne Ardit, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-one.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-second day of Sep-
tember, in the year of our Lord 1831, the aforesaid Jean Marie Etienne Ardit
came before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged
the Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and
specified, in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was
stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.