A NEW MODE OR METHOD OF MAKING OR MANUFACTURING OTHER ARTICLES OF PASTE, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS. EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Turner, of No. 39, Hockley, in the Town
and County of the Town of Nottingham, Baker and Flour Dealer, for
the Invention of "A NEW MODE OR METHOD OF MAKING OR MANUFACTURING-
Sealed the 19th September 1860, and dated the 22nd March 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Turner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
March 1860.
I, WILLIAM TURNER, of No. 39, Hockley, in the Town and County of the
Town of Nottingham, Baker and Flour Dealer, do hereby declare the nature of.
the said Invention for "A NEW MODE OR METHOD OF MAKING OR MANUFACTURING,
BREAD AND OTHER ARTICLES OF PASTE, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS.
EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:--
My Invention has for its object the manufacturing of bread and other
articles of paste in a more expeditious and less laborious manner than here-
tofore, and more easily mixing the same, which is performed with increased
cleanliness and with economy of time and material, and consists, mainly in the

page_text: use of a machine for the mixing of flour and water for the making of dough
previous to weighing the same, and moulding it into loaves.
My present machine consists of a trough or bin capable of containing three
or more ordinary bags or sacks of flour; the trough is composed of wood, and
has a semicircular bottom lined with zinc,. or other suitable material, in which
are placed two bars of iron, having their ends bent at right angles, the ends
being of such length that when placed together they will form a parallelogram
about two inches narrower than the inside of the trough, and one inch shorter
than the length of same. Projecting from the bars are a series of wrought-
iron prongs of a circular form, and others which are straight. The ends of
the bars are of such length that they pass a little beyond the centre of the
trough, one bar being bent a little shorter than the other it will lie within it,
the ends of the shorter bar being slotted for a short distance, which slot slides
upon a stud or pin in the ends of the longer bar; both bars at the point
which comes opposite the centre of the ends of the trough have a square hole
through which a square pin is passed. The wood trough is supported by and
strengthened with a cast-iron frame diagonally connected; that part of the
frame which comes opposite the centre of the ends of the trough has a
round boss half an inch thicker than the ends of the trough; the bosses
are pierced with round holes, through which are passed the axles of two
wheels at each end of the trough, the wheels being keyed fast on the axles,
the axles terminating on a square pin, as above described; each axle is
supported at the other end by a bearing 'placed a short distance from each end
of the trough outside; each bearing is provided with a bracket carrying a
screw, and a small winch and handle, for the purpose of withdrawing the
square ends of the axles out from the square holes of the bar inside the
trough, so that the bars may be taken out when the kneading or mixing is
performed, that the dough may be left at rest until required. The two wheels
before mentioned are driven by two other wheels at each end of the machine,
keyed on a shaft carried in bearings in front, which shaft is turned round by
two winch handles, the bars being turned either with a fast or slow motion
according to the wheel which is placed in gear with one of those first
mentioned. Above the trough is placed a feeder to the machine, capable of
containing from twenty to thirty stones of flour. This feeder is wider at the
top, which is covered with a lid, than at the bottom, and is about four inches
wide, and made of perforated zinc, or other suitable material. Inside the
feeder above the bottom is placed a shaft carrying two or more lines of brushes
placed round it, the brushes being used to force the flour through the per-

page_text: forated zinc or other material, and are operated upon by the aid of a strap or
pulley attached to the shaft at the centre of the trough. Under the bottom of
the feeder slides are placed, so that the quantity of flour delivered into the
mixing trough may be regulated as required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Turner in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
22nd September 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
TURNER, of No. 39, Hockley, in the Town and County of the Town of
Nottingham, Baker and Flour Dealer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Turner, Her special licence that I, the said William Turner, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Turner, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW MODE OR
METHOD OF MAKING OR MANUFACTURING BREAD AND OTHER ARTICLES OF PASTE,
AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said William Turner, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what 'manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Turner, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and
to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My Invention has for its object the manufacturing of bread and other

page_text: articles of paste in a more expeditious and less laborious manner than hereto-
fore, and more easily mixing the materials, which is performed with greater
cleanliness and with economy of time and material, and consists mainly in the
use of a machine for the mixing of flour and water for the making of dough,.
previous to weighing the same and moulding it into loaves.
My improved machine consists of a trough or bin capable of containing
three or more ordinary bags or sacks of flour; this trough is composed of
wood, and has a semicircular bottom lined with zinc or other suitable material
in which are placed two bars of iron having their ends bent at right angles,
the ends being of such length that when placed together they will form a
parallelogram about two inches narrower than the inside of the trough, and
one inch shorter than the length of the same; projecting from the bars are a
series of wrought iron prongs of a circular form, and others which are straight;
the ends of the bars are of such length that they pass a little beyond the
centre of the trough, and one bar is bent a little shorter than the other, so that
it will lie within it; the ends of the shorter bar are slotted for a short distance,
which slot slides upon a stud or pin in the end of the longer bar; both bars at
the point which comes opposite the centre of the ends of the trough have a
square hole through which a square pin is passed. The trough is supported
by and strengthened with a cast iron frame diagonally connected; that part of
the frame which comes opposite the centre of the ends of the trough has a
round boss half an inch thicker than the ends of the trough; the bosses are
pierced with round holes through which are passed the axles of two wheels at
each end of the trough, the wheels are keyed fast on the axles, and these axles
terminate in the square pin before mentioned. Each axle is supported at the
other end by a bearing placed a short distance from each end of the trough
outside, and each bearing is provided with a bracket carrying a screw and a
small winch and handle, for the purpose of withdrawing the square ends of the
axles out from the square holes of the bar inside the trough, so that the bars
may be taken out when the kneading or mixing is performed, and the dough
left at rest until required. The two wheels before mentioned are driven by two
other wheels at each end of the machine keyed on a shaft carried in bearings in
front, which shaft is turned round by two winch handles, the bars being turned
either with a fast or slow motion according to the wheel which is placed in
gear with one of those first mentioned. Above the trough is placed a feeder
to the machine, capable of containing from twenty to thirty stones of flour;
this feeder is wider at the top, which is covered with a lid, than at the bottom,
and is about four inches wider at the top than at the bottom, and it is made of

page_text: perforated zinc or other suitable material; inside the feeder above the bottom
is placed a shaft carrying two or more lines of brushes fitted around it, these
brushes are used. to force the flour through the perforated zinc or other
material of the feeder, and are operated upon by the aid of a strap on a pulley
attached to the shaft at the centre of the trough; under the bottom of the
feeder slides are placed, so that the quantity of flour delivered into the mixing
trough may be regulated as required.
I now proceed to explain my Invention more particularly, and the mode of
performing the same with reference to the accompanying Drawings.
Sheet 1, Figure 1, is an end sectional view of the machine. Sheet 2,
Figure 2, a front view with the kneading trough in section to shew the fork
frame. and forks; the brackets which support the axles of the large wheels
at each end are partly cut away to exhibit more fully the connection of the
several parts. In this view the moveable arms which support the main driving
shaft are also taken away. The corresponding parts in each Figure being
lettered alike, the following description will apply to both Figures.
A, A, are two standards, which are securely held together by six tie rods A',
each standard is slotted for the greater portion of its length from the top
downwards, in which slots slide the bearings B of the fork frame axles;
these bearings B are secured to the lower ends of two racks C, which are
connected to each other by a cast-iron stretcher C about the middle of their
length, and by a rod C² at the top. To the standards A are screwed bearing
brackets D, which support a vertical shaft at each end of the machine; the
upper end of each of these shafts is furnished with a screw, which gears into
the teeth of the racks under the upper bearing; each shaft has a collar, which
prevents it from rising; the lower end of the shaft has a key way cut in it, in
which slides the key contained in a bevel wheel E, the boss of which wheel is
grooved, and is embraced by the forked end of a lever by which the wheel is
raised or lowered. The wheel E is driven by another bevel wheel E', fast to
and revolving with a large toothed wheel F, the axle of which is supported by
the bearings G and H, firmly screwed to the standards A; the axle of the
wheel F is bored out to receive a rod F', the inner end of which terminates in
a square plug, which fits in a square hole in the axles of the fork frame which
lie in the bearings B; the outer end of the rod has a groove cut round it, in
which the pins of a lever lie, one end of the lever working on a pin attached to
the bearing H, and the other terminating in a handle retained by a spring in the
position in which it may have been placed; when the handle is pushed towards
the body of the machine the plug rod will be in the position shewn at

page_text: the left end of Figure 2, by which means the fork frame and forks F
will revolve when the plug rod F is turned round by the key in the axle
of the large wheel F, which takes into the key way cut in the plug rod;
the wheels F are driven either by a large or a small pair of wheels on
the main driving shaft I, according to the speed required; the wheels
slide upon a key near the ends of the shaft I, and are moved to the
right or left as required by a hand lever, which is retained by a spring in the
position in which it may be placed; when the small wheels are required to be
thrown into gear with the wheel F, the shaft I and wheels will be in
the position shewn by the black lines next to the centre of the machine, but
when the large wheel is required to gear with the wheel F, the shaft I and
wheels will be in the position shewn by the dotted lines. K is the moveable
arms and bearings supporting the shaft I, these arms work upon a pin at their
lower end in the standards A, and slide between the outside of the standards
and a plate L screwed to the standard, the plate L forming a slot for the
arms, which when placed in the position required are held there by a clamp
screw L, moved by hand. When the machine is kneading dough the bevel
wheels E are held clear of the bevel wheels E' by the hand lever held by a
spring in the position in which it may be placed, and when the kneading or
mixing is finished the plug rods F¹ are drawn out of the bearings B, and the
bevel wheels E being lowered on to the bevel wheels E¹, will cause the screws
at the top of the vertical shafts to raise the racks and bearings B and frame
and forks F clear out of the trough M, which is lined with zinc and runs
upon six wheels, as shewn, for the more conveniently taking the dough where
required. Level with the top of the trough M is the bottom of a feeder N in
which flour is placed. The feeder is wider at the top than at the bottom, and
is provided with perforated zinc or wire gauze, above which inside the feeder
is a shaft carrying two or more rows of brushes used for the purpose of forcing
the flour through the perforated zinc or wire gauze. Above the brushes is a
feeding roller combined with a slide closed or opened by a screw as shewn, to
regulate the quantity of flour used, or it may be opened by a screw from the
front connected to an arched lever passing over the feed roller to the slide.
The feeding roller and brush rollers are made to revolve by wheels gearing
into the large wheel F, the wheel O moving the brush roller, and the wheel P
moving the feed roller. Each end of the mixing trough is cut quite through
for the axle of the fork frame to slide up and down, the slot is closed when
at work by a piece P¹ sliding in V grooves cut in the sides of the slot, this
piece P is supported by arms screwed to the rack; there is a similar slot
о

page_text: below the axle of the fork frame cut through the end of the trough and filled
by a similar sliding piece P, but of twice the length of the upper piece P¹,
the upper end of this piece P2 is provided with a hook which is placed over
the axle of the fork frame previously to drawing out the frame, by which
means the axle lifts up the slide P³, thereby filling the slot up as the frame is
lifted out, the book is then thrown off the frame axle and the trough is free
to be run off the short rails Q to where required.
And having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself
to the precise details so long as the peculiar character of my Invention be
retained; but what I claim is,-
First, as my improved method of manufacturing bread and other articles
of paste, I claim the employment for that purpose of machinery or apparatus
arranged and combined as herein-before set forth.
And secondly, I claim the arrangement and combination of parts as herein-
before described, constituting an improved machine or apparatus for the
manufacture of bread and other articles of paste.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Turner, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
Witness.
GEO. JON. ROBINSON, Patent Agent,
Nottingham.
WILLIAM TURNER. (L.s.)