Improvements in Ventilating Linings for Hats.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Nov., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 18th Sept., 1893-Accepted, 21st Oct., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Ventilating Linings for Hats.
We, JAMES EDWARD MILLS, of Mersey Street, Stockport, in the County of
Chester, Hat Manufacturer, and THOMAS ASHWORTH, of Christ Church Terrace,
Heaton Norris, in the County of Lancaster, Manager, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows :-
Our invention relates to the linings of hats, and consists in improvements by
means of which we are enabled to secure a much more efficient circulation of air in
and ventilation of the interiors of hats than has hitherto been possible without
employing complicated and objectionable devices.
Ventilating linings made according to our invention may be made as light as or
lighter than the linings hitherto employed but owing to the special manner in
which we construct linings according to our invention such. linings are much less
liable to injury and deterioration than the linings hitherto employed in hats. Our
invention renders it possible to provide in the manufacture of a hat for any desired
degree of ventilation so that hats provided with linings made according to our
invention may be manufactured so as to accord with the probable varied require-
ments of different users of such hats.
According to one part of our invention we employ in the manufacture of a lining
to be placed in a hat, cork formed into sheets or other suitable light material of
sufficient stiffness whether woven or otherwise. When employing cork formed into
sheets we apply to one or both sides of the sheet or sheets of cork used in the
formation of a lining for a hat or between the sheets of cork when two or more
are employed, a sheet or sheets of stiffening material of any suitable kind and
preferably of the kind hereinafter described in reference to a further part of our
invention. We cause the sheet or sheets of cork and the sheet or sheets of
stiffening material to be secured together by any suitable cement or in any other
suitable manner. When forming a lining of material other than cork we may
employ a sheet or sheets of stiffening material in a manner similar to that above
described or we may secure the desired degree of stiffness of the lining in any
suitable manner. We mould or form each lining made according to this part of
our invention during manufacture so that the surface of such lining shall be
corrugated. The corrugations increase the stiffness of the lining. Our object in
corrugating a lining made according to this part of our invention is, chiefly,
however, not to stiffen the lining but to ensure the preservation of a cavity or
cavities between the said lining and the body of the hat in which such lining
is employed, in order that air may readily circulate between the lining and
the body of the hat. We prefer that a hat in which a lining prepared in
accordance with this part of our invention is to be used shall be provided
with perforations of suitable size in the crown and in any other suitable parts so
that air may be admitted to and allowed to escape from the interior of the
cavity or cavities between the lining and the body of the hat. In some cases
according to this part of our invention we form perforations in the linings at suitable
parts so that air inay pass to or from the interior of a lining from or to the cavity
or cavities between the lining and the body of the hat in which it is employed and
in cases in which the body of the hat is itself formed with perforations from or to
the interior of the lining through the cavity or cavities aforesaid to or from the
external air.
According to a further part of our invention we employ as a stiffening material
in the manufacture of linings formed of cork formed into sheets in the manner
above described in reference to the first part of our invention, gauze or netting

page_text: formed of any suitable fibrous or other material and secured in any suitable manner
to the sheet or sheets of cork forming a lining to be employed in a hat. By
employing gauze or netting as the stiffening material in the manufacture of linings
for hats we avoid filling up the holes always or almost always present in sheets
formed of cork and by avoiding filling up the said holes we greatly increase the
efficiency of linings formed of sheets of cork in preserving a cool and well-
ventilated condition in the interior of hats.
Linings prepared in accordance with our invention are neat in appearance and
durable and enable efficient ventilation of hats to be readily provided for, to any
extent in the manufacture of hats.
Dated this Seventeenth day of November 1892.
HOWARD CHEETHAM.
Manchester, Agent to the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Ventilating Linings for Hats.
We JAMES EDWARD MILLS, of Mersey Street, Stockport in the County of
Chester, Hat Manufacturer and THOMAS ASHWORTH of Christ Church Terrace,
Heaton Norris in the County of Lancaster, Manager do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention relates to the linings of hats and consists in improvements by
means of which we are enabled to secure a much more efficient circulation of air
in and ventilation of the interiors of hats than has hitherto been possible without
employing complicated and objectionable devices.
Ventilating linings made according to our invention may be made as light as or
lighter than the linings hitherto employed but owing to the special manner in
which we construct linings according to our invention such linings are much less
liable to injury and deterioration than the linings hitherto employed in hats. Our
invention renders it possible to provide in the manufacture of a hat for any desired
degree of ventilation so that hats provided with linings made according to our
invention may be manufactured so as to accord with the probable varied require
ments of different users of such hats.
According to one part of our invention we employ in the manufacture of a lining
to be placed in a hat, cork formed into sheets. We apply to one or both sides of
the sheet or sheets of cork used in the formation of a lining for a hat or between the
sheets of cork when two or more are employed, a sheet or sheets of stiffening material
of any suitable kind and preferably of the kind hereinafter described in reference to
a further part of our invention. We cause the sheet or sheets of cork and the
sheet or sheets of stiffening material to be secured together by any suitable cement
or in any other suitable manner. We mould or form each lining made according
to this part of our invention during manufacture so that the surface of such lining
shall be corrugated. The corrugations increase the stiffness of the lining. Our
object in corrugating a lining made according to this part of our invention, is
chiefly however, not to stiffen the lining but to ensure the preservation of a cavity
or cavities between the said lining and the body of the hat in which such lining is
employed in order that air may readily circulate between the lining and the body
of the hat. We prefer that a hat in which a lining prepared in accordance with
this part of our invention is to be used shall be provided with perforations of
suitable size in the crown and in any other suitable parts so that air may be
admitted to and allowed to escape from the interior of the cavity or cavities
between the lining and the body of the hat. In some cases according to this part
of our invention we form perforations in the linings at suitable parts so that air
may pass to or from the interior of a lining from or to the cavity or cavities

page_text: between the lining and the body of the hat in which it is employed and in cases in
which the body of the hat is itself formed with perforations from or to the
interior of the lining through the cavity or cavities aforesaid to or from the
external air.
In order that this part of our invention may be more readily understood and
carried into effect we have illustrated one mode of applying our invention in
Figs. 1, 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawing, which serves also to illustrate the
application of a further part of our invention.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section, and Fig. 2 is a horizontal section taken on the
plane indicated by the line (A) (B) of Fig. 1, illustrating a hat with a lining
made according to our invention applied to it, and Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section
of the lining apart from the hat. (a) is the lining formed with corrugations
according to this part of our invention.
The lining (a) is secured in the interior of the body (6) of the hat illustrated in
the accompanying drawing by the application of adhesive material at suitable
places in the interior of the hat or in any other manner which may be suitable.
Corrugations (a') are formed in the lining (a) by such lining (a) being moulded by
means of any suitable appliances adapted to the nature of the material of which
the lining is to be formed. The corrugations (a) of the lining (a) illustrated in
the accompanying drawing are made in the form of flutes extending from near the
base or edge of the lining (a) to the part of such lining (a) which is nearest to the
crown of the bat. As is clearly indicated in Figs. 1 and 2 of the accompanying
drawing, the presence of the flutes or corrugations (a¹) in the lining (a) causes
spaces (C) to exist between the lining (a) and the interior surface of the
body (b) of the hat when the lining (a) is placed and secured in position in the
interior of the said hat which spaces (C) serve for and facilitate the passage of
currents of air between the lining (a) and the interior of the body (b) of the hat.
In the case of the lining (a) and hat illustrated in the accompanying drawing,
openings or perforations (d) are formed in the lining (a) so that the space between
the head of the wearer of the hat and the lining (a) is placed in communication
with the spaces between the said lining and the interior surface of the body (b) of
the hat and openings or perforations (e) are formed in the crown of the body (b)
of the hat so that the spaces between the lining (a) and the interior surface of the
body (b) of the hat are placed in communication with the external air. It is obvious
that the corrugations in the lining might be made in other forms as might be
considered desirable and perforations might be formed in such lining at other places
as well as at those indicated in the accompanying drawing and as is apparent from
the preceding description of this part of our invention in some cases we do not
form holes or perforations in bat-linings made according to this part of our
invention.
According to a further part of our invention we employ as a stiffening material
in the manufacture of linings formed of cork formed into sheets, gauze or netting
formed of any suitable fibrous or other material and secured in any suitable
manner to the sheet or sheets of cork forming a lining to be employed in a hat.
By employing gauze or netting as the stiffening material in the manufacture of
linings for hats we avoid filling up the holes always or almost always present in
sheets formed of cork and by avoiding filling up the said holes we greatly increase
the efficiency of linings formed of sheets of cork in preserving a cool and well-
ventilated condition in the interior of hats.
This part of our invention aiso is illustrated in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 of the accom-
panying drawing. The lining (a) illustrated in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 is formed of sheets
of cork of suitable size and shape for instance one sheet of cork may be employed
to form the part of the lining which is nearest to the crown of the hat and two
other sheets of cork extending each around one side of the lining from the back
portion to the front portion thereof may be employed to form the lower part of
such lining. To the sheet of cork or the several sheets of cork of which a hat-
lining is to be formed either before or when such sheet or sheets of cork is or are

page_text: arranged in position for the formation of a hat-lining we apply a sheet of gauze or
netting formed of any suitable fibrous or other material by weaving or in any
other suitable manner. The gauze or netting, which is indicated diagrammatically
by dotted lines (f) in the accompanying drawing is secured to the cork by being
coated with any suitable cement or material which is or may be rendered adhesive
and pressed upon the said cork in any suitable manner so that it is caused to adhere
thereto. The said cement or material which is or may be rendered adhesive being
applied to the gauze or netting before such gauze or netting is applied to the sheet
or sheets of cork does not fill up the interstices of such gauze or netting and
consequently when the said gauze or netting is applied and secured to the sheet or
sheets of cork the holes almost certain to be present in such sheet or sheets of cork
will not be filled up with the said cement or material which is or may be rendered
adhesive.
Although the accompanying drawing illustrates the stiffening material formed
of gauze or netting as applied in the formation of a hat-lining formed with.
corrugations it is obvious that such stiffening material may be applied in the
formation of hat-linings which are not corrugated, from sheets of cork and that
more than one sheet of gauze or netting may be employed in the preparation of a
hat-lining in accordance with this part of our invention.
Linings made in accordance with either part of our invention may be made of
the various forms which may be necessary to enable them to be applied to hats of
different kinds.
Linings prepared in accordance with our invention are neat in appearance and
durable and enable efficient ventilation of hats to be readily provided for to any
extent in the manufacture of hats.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. For use in hats, linings formed of sheets of cork, and moulded or formed so
as to be corrugated, for the purposes and substantially in the manner hereinbefore
described and illustrated by the accompanying drawing.
2. For use in hats, linings formed of sheets of cork, and moulded or formed so
as to be corrugated and provided with perforations, for the purposes and substantially
in the manner hereinbefore described and illustrated in and by the accompanying
drawing.
3. For use in hats, linings formed of sheets of cork stiffened by means of gate
or netting of any suitable fibrous or other material and moulded or formed so as
be corrugated, for the purposes and substantially in the manner hereinbefore
described and illustrated by the accompanying drawing.
4. For use in hats, linings formed of sheets of cork stiffened by means of gauze
or netting of any suitable fibrous or other material and moulded or formed so
as to be corrugated and provided with perforations, for the purposes and
substantially in the manner hereinbefore described and illustrated in and by the
accompanying drawing.
5. For use in hats, linings formed of sheets of cork stiffened by means of gauze
or netting of any suitable fibrous or other material for the purpose and substantially
in the manner hereinbefore described.
Dated this Sixteenth day of September 1893.
HOWARD
CHEETHAM,
Manchester, Agent to the Applicants.