IMPROVEMENTS IN WARP MACHINERY, AND IN THE FABRICS PRODUCED BY WARP MACHINERY
Year: 1838

page_text: DUNINGTON, of Nottingham, Lace Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Eighth day of October, in the second year of Her reign, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the, said Henry
Dunington, Her espesial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said Henry Dunington, my exors, admors, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Henry Dunington, my exors, adiñors, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WARP MACHINERY,
AND IN THE FABRICS PRODUCED BY WARP MACHINERY," in which said Letters
Patent is contained a proviso, that I, the said Henry Dunington, shall cause a
particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Henry Dunington,. do hereby declare the nature of my Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the

page_text: Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the Figures and letters marked thereon,
that is to say:-
My Invention relates, first, to improvements in warp machinery, whereby a
continuous rotatory motion is obtained to the lace wheels.
Secondly, to the introduction of threads or strands of india-rubber (caout-
chouc) within the looped fabric produced in warp machines.
Thirdly, to the introduction of longitudinal threads of cotton or other
fibrous material into the looped fabrics produced in warp machines, in order
to prevent the longitudinal elasticity of such fabrics.
And, fourthly, to the introduction of longitudinal threads of cotton, or other
fibrous material, in conjunction with threads of india-rubber (caoutchouc) in
the fabrics produced in warp machines, whereby the elasticity produced by the
india-rubber threads is controlled.
And in order to give the fullest information in my power, I have attached three
Sheets of Drawings to this my Specification, which, for the most part, are
similar to those attached to my former Specification, having only such alterations
made therein as is caused by the adaptation of my present Invention thereto.
The nature of warp machinery being. "well" understood, it will not be necessary
to enter at large into the various parts thereof shown in the Drawing!
It is well known that according to the ordinary construction of warp
machinery, the requisite motion to the lace wheels is obtained from the back
shaft by means of a wheel or cam, which by certain arrangements of: apparatus
works, what are called drivers which, working in a ratchet wheel 'affixed' on
the same axis as the lace wheels at intervals, gives motion to such axis, and
consequently to the lace wheels. This arrangement is not only. complex, but
it is not safe in action. Now the object of the first part of my Invention is to
produce a continuous rotatory motion to the lace wheels by means of suitable
cog wheels, by which the action of the lace wheels will be more certain and
efficient.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
The nature of each Figure being written on the Drawings, they need not be
repeated here, but it should be remarked 'that the same letters of reference
are used in all the Figures to indicate the same parts, a being a cog wheel,
affixed on the back shaft of a warp machine, which takes into and' drives the
wheel b, which is affixed on the shaft or axis c, such shaft or axis turning in
suitable bearings, carried by the frame d, the frame d being capable of moving
in the frame e, and of being regulated to any position by the screw 'f, and the
framed is capable of movement to and from the warp machine. On the
The nature of each Figure being written on the Drawings, they need not be
repeated here, but it should be remarked 'that the same letters of reference
are used in all the Figures to indicate the same parts, a being a cog wheel,
affixed on the back shaft of a warp machine, which takes into and' drives the
wheel b, which is affixed on the shaft or axis c, such' shaft or axis turning in
suitable bearings, carried by the frame d, the frame d being capable of moving
in the frame e, and of being regulated to any position by the screw 'f, and the
framed is capable of movement to and from the warp machine. On the

page_text: guides g. and h is a screw nut, by which the frame e can be retained and fixed
when properly adjusted; all which will readily be traced in the Drawings. On
the axis c is affixed a bevelled toothed or cog wheel i, which takes into and
drives the bevelled tooth or cog wheel j, which is affixed on the axis which
carries the lace wheels. Thus it will be seen that a continuous motion is
obtained to the lace wheels from the back shaft, which will be most certain of
action, and be found far superior to the mode of obtaining motion to the lace
wheels heretofore resorted to, and it will be evident that a change of speeds
may at all times be obtained by an alteration of the relative proportions of the
cog wheels, as is well understood, and the mode of arranging the frames d and
e offer every convenience to to the change of wheels, as the axis c can be
readily adjusted to such change.
I would remark that a more direct motion might be obtained to the lace
wheels by having a bevelled tooth or cog wheel placed on the back shaft of
the machine, and another on the lace wheel axis, and may be resorted to
where the machine is intended for a particular description of fabrics, and
wherein the relative speed of the lace wheels and of the back shaft will not
require altering from time to time, as this arrangement does not offer such
convenience to a change of speeds as that above described. I do not, there-
fore, confine this part of my Invention to the particular arrangements de-
scribed, for it should be understood that this part of my Invention relates to
the obtaining a continuous rotatory motion by means of suitable cog wheels
from the driving motion.
I will now proceed to describe those parts of my Invention which relate to
improvements in the fabrics produced by warp machinery. It is well known
that the looped fabrics produced by warp machinery have considerable
elasticity, owing to the warp threads of which the fabrics are composed not
proceeding in a direct line longitudinally of the fabrics caused by such warp
threads being formed into loops and interlooped with each other, such looping
being performed by the warped threads being successively lapped on to needles,
and by them drawn through the previous loops contained on such needles, as is
well understood. Now, the object of my Invention in respect to the fabrics
produced by warp machinery is to. introduce certain threads (elastic and non-
élastic) longitudinally into the fabrics, such threads not being formed into
loops, but regularly laid into the fabrics as they are formed; they will, conse-
quently; be covered by the other threads which are looped into each other, by.
which I obtain fabrics of peculiar characters, as will be hereafter explained.
The Drawing hereunto annexed is arranged suitably for making a close plain
fabric, wherein the lapping and pressing actions. constantly succeed each other;

page_text: but these will be varied according to the fabric to be produced, as is well
understood. On the drawing B and C are the ordinary lace wheels, which
actuate the two ordinary guide bars. A is an extra guide bar, which has a
guide similar to those on the bars B and C, wherever it is desired to introduce
longitudinal threads, and if desired, this may be the case between every two
needles, or at any greater distance, according to the object desired to be
obtained; and I would here remark, that the fabrics made in warp machines
according to these parts of my Invention may be in narrow or wide breadths,
or of the whole width of the machine, according to object to be accomplished
and as is well understood. And further, if it is desired to make various fancy
or ornamental fabrics which this machine is well known to be capable of, by
adding additional bars, the same may be accomplished in conjunction with my
Invention. I will first suppose that it is desired to introduce longitudinal
threads of india-rubber, caoutchouc, either between every pair of needles across
the machine or at any intervals apart. I take threads of india-rubber, which I
prefer to be covered, or so much covered as will prevent the prejudicial effects
of working through the guides, and warp them on to a separate beam or
roller, and conduct one thread through each guide on the guide bar A, and
fasten them up as if they were extra or other warp threads, the guides on the
guide bars B and C being supplied with threads of cotton, silk, wool, or other
fibrous material, according to the description of fabric to be produced. The
working of the machine will produce a close looped fabric, having threads of
india-rubber interlaid and covered by the threads of the guides B, C, and it
should be stated that the india-rubber threads, when used for working in are
in their non-elastic state, and elasticity is to be obtained thereto by the appli-
cation of heat, as is well understood by persons acquainted with the making
of fabrics containing threads of india-rubber. Supposing it is desired to make a
fabric in warp machinery which shall have little or no longitudinal elasticity, in
such case I introduce non-elastic threads of cotton, silk, wool, or other fibrous
material, depending on the fabric desired to be obtained. I would remark,
that fabrics produced in warp machines have been and are now employed for
making trowsers and other articles of dress, but there is an objection to the
use of such fabrics owing to their liability of getting out of shape. Now, by the
introduction of longitudinal threads of cotton, silk, wool, or other now elastic
fibrous material, the longitudinal elasticity or stretching will be for the most
part prevented, and such will in a great measure be the case in respect to the
lateral elasticity and stretching, owing to the looped fabric being filled by the
longitudinal threads, I am therefore enabled, by this part of my Invention, to
produce fabrics of a very improved character; and it is only necessary to

page_text: remark, that in case of making such a fabric in the machinery shown in the
Drawings, instead of the india-rubber threads before spoken of being passed
through the guides on the guide bar A, I apply threads of cotton, silk, wool,
or of other fibrous materials, as the longitudinal threads to be worked into the
fabrics, and such threads may be between each space of the needles, or at
intervals. And supposing it is desired to make a fabric according to the third
part of my Invention, by having longitudinal threads of india-rubber and of
cotton, silk, wool, or other fibrous material, I apply the various elastic and
non-elastic threads, according to the degree of strength of elasticity I desire
to obtain; and the object of combining the elastic threads of india-rubber with
non-elastic threads of cotton or other fibrous material is to obtain fabric of
various degrees of strength of elasticity, depending on the quantity of india-
rubber threads employed. And further, there is a great advantage in combining
the use of non-elastic threads with elastic threads of india-rubber, for they
prevent the fabric being drawn or stretched out to such a degree as will injure
the elasticity of the india-rubber threads, for it is well known that when india-
rubber threads are drawn out beyond a certain extent they will not return to
the same length to that from which they have been drawn; hence, when
threads of india-rubber are laid longitudinally into warp fabrics in their non-
elastic state in conjunction with threads of cotton or other fibrous material,
the length of india-rubber threads, when in their non-elastic state, will be the
same as those of cotton or other fibrous material, and the fabric when made
cannot, owing to the longitudinal threads of cotton or other fibrous material,
be drawn out beyond that length, it follows that when the fabric has been
rendered elastic by applying heat thereto, the india-rubber cannot be stretched
out to such a degree as will injure the elasticity thereof, which may be the
case when threads of cotton, silk, or other fibrous materials are not used there-
with. In making fabrics, the longitudinal threads of which are india-rubber
and cotton, or other fibrous material, I pass each thread through a guide on the
guide bar A, and I recommend that the india-rubber threads should be on a
separate warp beam or roller, and an additional roller be provided for the
longitudinal threads of cotton or other fibrous material.
It has been before stated that the machinery shown in the Drawings is for
making a plain close fabric, whether india-rubber longitudinal threads be laid
in, or longitudiual threads of cotton or other fibrous materials, or longitudinal
threads of india-rubber and of cotton or other fibrous material. I will now
proceed to work a course of the wheels, by which the workman will readily
understand whether this machine is correctly working. At the same time
I would remark, that I do not confine myself to any particular cut of wheels

page_text: as they will, as heretofore, vary according to the nature of the fabric desired
to be made, all. which is well understood by persons acquainted with warp
machinery; and all that the workman has to bear mind in arranging his
machine in order to produce work according to my Invention is that the
longitudinal threads are not to be formed into loops and interlooped with each
other, but are to proceed longitudinally in the fabric and inclosed therein by
the looping of the other threads."
The Drawings shew the part of the machinery in the positions they are in
when the "machine" has gone in, and the guides are about to pass between
the needles. A is the top guide bar, which carries the guides for the longitu-
dinal threads of india-rubber or of cotton or other fibrous material; B is the
middle guide bar, carrying half as many guides as there are needles; and C is
the bottom guide bar, carrying half as many guides as there are needles. The
top guide bar is two spaces to the right hand; the middle guide bar is one
space. to the right hand; the bottom-guide bar is two spaces to the right hand.
It will be seen that the guide bars are connected to levers, and are born up by
springs in such manner that one end of each lever is caused at all times to
rest against its wheel, and be actuated by the cuts or steps thereof, as is well
understood; but it will be evident to persons acquainted with this description
of machinery that in place of using levers between the guide bars and their
wheels the guide bars might have projections therefrom and be worked directly
by their wheels, but I prefer the use of levers. The parts are in the position
of having racked No. 1; and on racking No. 2 of the wheels the top guide
bar will remain as it was, the middle guide bar will go one space to the right
hand, and the bottom guide bar will go one space to the right hand; rack
No. 3. All the guide bars remain as they were; rack Ne. 4. The top guide
bar goes two spaces to the left hand, the middle and the bottom guide bars
each goes one space to the left hand; rack No. 5. The top guide bar remains
as it was, the middle and bottom guide bars each goes one space to the right
hand; rack No. 6. The top. guide bar remains as it was, the middle and
bottom guide bars each goes one space to the right hand; rack No. 7. All
the guide bars remain as they were; rack No. 8. The top guide bar goes one
space to the right hand, the middle and bottom guide bars each goes three
spaces to the left hand; rack No. 9. All the guide bars go one space to the
right hand; rack No. 10. The top guide bar remains as it was, the middle
and bottom guide-bars each goes one space to the right hand; rack No. 11.
All the guide bars-remain as they were; rack No. 12. The top guide bar goes
two spaces to the right hand, the. middle guide bar goes two spaces to the left
hand, the bottom guide bar goes three spaces to the left hand; rack No. 13.

page_text: The top guide bar goes one space to the left hand, the middle and bottom guide
bars each goes one space to the right hand; rack No. 14. The top guide bar
remains as it was, the middle and bottom guide bars each goes into one space
to the right hand; rack No. 15. All the guide bars remain as they were;
rack No. 16. The top guide bar goes two spaces to the left hand, the middle
guide bar goes two spaces to the left hand, the bottom guide bar goes one
space to the left hand, and rack No. 1. All the guide bars go one space to
the right hand.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that what I claim as the
Invention secured by the present Letters Patent is,―
First, the obtaining a continuous rotatory motion to the lace wheels from
the driving power by means of cog wheels.
Secondly, I claim the application of longitudinal threads of india-rubber
into warp fabrics.
Thirdly, I claim the application of longitudinal threads of cotton, silk, or
other fibrous materials into warp fabrics, as above described.
And, fourthly, I claim the combined application of india-rubber threads and
threads of cotton, silk, and other fibrous materials, into warp fabrics, as above
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Dunington, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighth day of April, One thousand eight hundred
and thirty-nine.