IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WASHING OR CLEANSING WOVEN FABRICS AND CLOTHES; PART OF WHICH APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO CHURNING MILK AND CREAM
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Christopher Hodgson and James Whitley Stead, of
Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Makers, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WASHING OR CLEANSING
WOVEN FABRICS AND CLOTHES; PART OF WHICH APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE
TO CHURNING MILK AND CREAM."
Sealed the 25th May 1855, and dated the 7th December 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Christopher Hodgson
and James Whitley Stead at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 7th December 1854.
We, CHRISTOPHER HODGSON and JAMES WHITLEY STEAD, of Salford, in the
County of Lancaster, Machine Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WASHING OR
CLEANSING WOVEN FABRICS AND CLOTHES; PART OF WHICH APPARATUS IS ALSO
APPLICABLE TO CHURNING MILK AND CREAM," to be as follows:-
We propose to construct an ordinary squeezing machine, by fixing rollers
to revolve on their axes in a frame or standard, through which the fabrics or
clothes pass after being washed. On the top of this frame we fix a cross shaft, .
which also revolves on its axes by the motion of a handle and fly wheel, or
other-similar-power. _We_make_the said cross shaft with two cranks about
the centre-but-in-opposite-directions, thus:-

page_text: To each of these cranks we fix a lever, one of them jointed, to accommodate
itself to both vertical and horizontal motion, the other partially rigid, to ensure
a vertical motion. We place an ordinary washing tub with the common peggy
or dolly at the front of this apparatus, and attach each of the said crank levers
to the projecting arms of the peggy or dolly; and as the crank shaft is turned,
the peggy or dolly receives a twisting and an up and down motion by means
of the crank levers, exactly the same as is given when used by hand. It is
evident that the same motion applied to -a churn will also be the natural
motion as applied by hand.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Christopher Hodgson.and James. Whitley Stead in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 6th June 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, CHRISTOPHER
HODGSON and JAMES WHITLEY STEAD, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster,
Machine Makers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Royal
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight. hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth, year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said Christopher Hodgson and James Whitley Stead, Her special
licence that we, the said Christopher Hodgson and James Whitley Stead,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Chris-
topher Hodgson and James Whitley Stead, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
-might-make,-use, exercise,-and-vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WASHING OR CLEANSING
WOVEN FABRICS AND CLOTHES; PART OF WHICH APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO
CHURNING MILK AND CREAM," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the
said Christopher Hodgson and James Whitley Stead, by an instrument in
writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar monthis next and
immediately after the date of the said Royal Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Christopher Hodgson and James
Whitley Stead, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement (that is to say):
Our Invention relates to the arrangement and connection of an ordinary
washing tub and peggy or dolly, with an ordinary squeezing machine. The
squeezing machine consists of rollers, which revolve, on their axes in a frame
or standard, through which the fabrics or clothes pass after being washed. In
addition to which we fix on the top of this frame or standard a cross shaft
which also revolves on its axis by the motion of a handle and fly wheel, or other
similar power: We make the said cross shaft with two cranks about the centre,
but in opposite directions: To each of these cranks we fix a lever or connect-
ing-rod, one of which is jointed, to accommodate itself to both vertical and hori-
zontal motions. We place an ordinary washing tub with the, common peggy
or dolly at the front of this apparatus, and attach each of the said crank levers
to the projecting arms of the peggy or dolly, or to a block or cross head fitted
on the same; instead of the projecting arms; and as the crank shaft is turned,
the peggy or dolly receives a twisting and an up and down motion by méans
of the crank levers, exactly the same as is given when worked by hand. In
order to gain power and give a proper speed to the squeezing rollers, we place
a. pinion on the crank shaft; and a toothed wheel into which it works on the
sliaft of the lower roller. The processes of washing and squeezing not being
in operation at the same time, we can change one motion to the other with
ease and expedition. Our said arrangement, will be clearly understood by
reference to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and the letters of reference
thereon.
Fig. 1 is a front view of the said arrangement; Fig. 2, an end view of the
same; and Fig. 3, a view shewing some of the working parts, without the
frames or standards of the machine. a represents the washing tub; b, the peggy
or dolly; c, the block or cross head, which is attached to it; d, the frames or
standards; e, the crank shaft, supported in bearings at the upper part of the.
frames; f, the fly wheel; g, the handle by which the machine is put in
operation. To one of the cranks and one end of the block c is attached the
connecting rod h, which is jointed, so as to lift the block and the peggy with it.
To the other crank and the other end of the block c is attached the other
connecting rod i, which has a joint near the block turning vertically; this rod
as the crank revolves gives to the dolly a twisting curvilinear motion. In the
toothed wheel-k works the pinion-attached to-the-boss-of-the-fly wheel-f
When in gear; the crank shaft is stationary and the squeezing rollers m, m,

page_text: in motion. At the end of the crank shaft is the male part of a clutch box n,
which fits recesses in the outer boss o of the fly wheel when the pinion is out
of gear, thus enabling the crank shaft to be turned without operating upon the
rollers. p is a handle attached to a cam to put the pinion / in and out of gear
when required; r is a spring catch or holder, into which one of the connecting
rods is placed when the squeezing rollers only are required 'to be in motion,
thereby keeping both rods and block out of the way, as shewn by the dotted
lines.s, Fig. 1. The pressure to the squeezing rollers is obtained by means of
springs, either simple or compound; they are placed in the boxes t, attached
to the standards d, and act upon the upper roller. It is evident that if a
churn with the usual dash and a cross head fixed to the top of it, the same as
on the peggy,
is attached to the said crank shaft of the frame or standard, the
operation of churning will be performed the same as if done by hand. The
squeezing rollers being dispensed with, and, if desired, the lifting motion of
the dash can be dispensed with also, by altering the joint of the connecting rod.
Having thus fully described the nature and particulars of our said Invention,
and the manner of carrying the same, into practical effect, we desire it to be
distinctly understood that we do not confine ourselves to the exact details
herein set forth, as such may be varied or modified without departing from the
principle thereof; but we claim the mechanical arrangement of the common
washing tub and peggy connected to the squeezing machine for washing and
squeezing woven fabrics and clothes, the said arrangement being also applicable
to churning milk, as such improvements are herein described and illustrated
in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said Christopher Hodgson and James Whitley
Stead, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Fifth day of June,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
JAMES WHITLEY STEAD. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the within-
named Christopher Hodgson and James
Whitley Stead, in the presence of
E. J. HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.