IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND TREATMENT OF BEER IN ORDER TO PRESERVE IT AND TO RESTORE IT WHEN IT HAS BECOME SOUR."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander William Gillman and Samuel Spencer, both of
the Castle Browery, Saint George's Road, Southwark, in the County of Surrey,
for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND TREATMENT
OF BEER IN ORDER TO PRESERVE IT AND TO RESTORE IT WHEN IT HAS BECOME
SOUR."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander William Gillman
and Samuel Spencer at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th
April 1880.
ALEXANDER WILLIAM GILLMAN and SAMUEL SPENCER, both of the Castle
" IMPROVE-
Brewery, Saint George's Road, Southwark, in the County of Surrey.
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTUre and TreaTMENT OF BEER IN ORDER TO PRESERVE
IT AND TO RESTORE IT WHEN IT HAS BECOME SOUR,"
The Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture and treat-
ment of beer in order to preserve it and to restore it when it has become sour.
In the Specification of Letters Patent granted to us, dated September 17, 1873,
No. 3056, we proposed to employ for the preservation or restoring of beer solutions
of chloride or other soluble salt of calcium, or the precipitated oxide of calcium, or
the carbonate of potassium, sodium, or ammoniuin, in combination with solutions
of sulphite of potassium, sodium, or ammonium, or with the monosulphite of
calcium, added separately at the same or at different stages of the manufacture, or
used in the water to be employed for mashing, or in the beer after fermentation
has taken place, or in the cask before or after being filled with beer, or mixed with
the ordinary isinglass finings previous to their use in the beer.
Now we have found a great advantage in the manufacture and treatment of
beer by the employment of magnesian salts mixed with the calcium or lime salts,
both of these bases existing naturally in combination as sulphates in the Burton
and the best brewing waters.
Now when using the monosulphite of magnesium in the manufacture and treat-
ment of beer in order to preserve it from becoming sour, the same difficulty is
experienced in its use as that connected with the use of monosulphite of calcium on
account of its insolubility.
We therefore propose to use for the preservation of beer the chloride of

page_text: magnesium or aluminium mixed with or in solution with the chloride of calcium
in combination with a soluble sulphite, such as the sulphite of potassium, sodium,
or ammoniuin,
We prefer to employ the above mentioned materials in the form of two solutions.
Solution A consisting of about equal quantities of chloride of magnesium or
aluminium and chloride of calcium dissolved in water.
Solution B consisting of sulphite of sodium, potassium, or ammonium dissolved
in water.
The combination of these two solutions forms in the beer the compound or double
sulphite of calcium and magnesium or aluminium, according to the materials
employed.
These solutions may be employed at various stages of the brewing, in the water
to be used for mashing-in-the-mash.tun, in the wort copper, or in the fermenting
tun, or the cleansing casks after the fermentation is finished, in the finished-beer,-
in the racking tank, or in the carriage cask before or after filling with the beer.
The chloride of magnesium may also be used alone without the chloride of
calcium, in combination with the sulphites of sodium, potassium, or ammonium.
Or in the same manner the chloride of aluminium, either alone or mixed with
either the chloride of calcium or the chloride of magnesium, or with both, may be
used in combination with a soluble sulphite, such as the sulphite of sodium,
potassium, or ammonium.
In the treatment of beer which has become sour we employ calcic oxide or pre-
cipitated lime combined with the sulphite of magnesium or the sulphite of
aluminium.
Or the calcic oxide or precipitated lime mixed with the precipitated oxide of
magnesium or oxide of aluminium, combined with the sulphite of calcium, or
sulphite of magnesium or aluminium.
We add these preparations to the beer in quantities suitable to neutralize the
excess of acidity it may contain.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Alexander William Gillman and Samuel Spencer in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 9th October 1880.
ALEXANDER WILLIAM GILLMAN and SAMUEL SPENCER, both of the Castle
" IMPROVE-
Brewery, Saint George's Road, Southwark, in the County of Surrey.
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND TREATMENT OF BEER IN ORDER TO PRESERVE
IT AND TO RESTORE IT WHEN IT HAS BECOME SOUR."
The Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture and treatment
of beer in order to preserve it and to restore it when it has become sour.
In the Specification of Letters Patent granted to us, dated September 17, 1873,
No. 3056, wo proposed to employ for the preservation or restoring of beer solutions
of chloride or other soluble salt of calcium, or the precipitated oxide of calcium, or
the carbonate of potassium, sodium, or aminonium, in combination with solutions
of sulphite of potassium, sodium, or aminonium, or with the monosulphite of
calcium, added separately at the same or at different stages of the manufacture, or
used in the water to be employed for mashing, or in the beer after fermentation
has taken place, or in the cask before or after being filled with beer, or mixed with
the ordinary isinglass finings previous to their use in the beer.
Now we have found a great advantage in the manufacture and treatment of
beer by the employment of magnesian salts mixed with the calcium or lime salts,
both of those bases existing naturally in combination as sulphates in the Burton
and the other best brewing waters.
Now when using the monosulphite of magnesium in the manufacture and treat-
ment of beer in order to preserve it from becoming sour, the same difficulty is
experienced in its use as that connected with the use of monosulphite of calcium on
account of its insolubility.
We therefore propose to use for the preservation of beer the chloride of
magnesium or chloride of aluminium, or a mixture of both, mixed with or in
solution with the chloride of calcium in combination with a soluble sulphite, such
as the sulphite of potassium, sodium, or ammonium.
We prefer to employ the above mentioned materials in the form of two solutions.
Solution A consisting of about equal quantities of chloride of magnesium and
chloride of calcium dissolved in such a quantity of water as to form a solution con-
taining about five per cent. of each of the salts employed.
Solution B consisting of sulphite of sodium, sulphite of potassium, or sulphite of
ammoniuin, or a mixture of such, dissolved in such a quantity of water as to form a
solution containing about twelve per cent. of either of said sulphites, or of a
mixture of any two or of all of such sulphites.
We prefer however to employ the sulphites of sodium and potassium in equal
proportions.
The combination of these two solutions A, B, forms in the beer the compound or
double sulphite of calcium and magnesium.
The chloride of magnesium may also be used alone without the chloride of calcium,
in combination with the sulphites of sodium, potassium, or ammonium, in which
case solution A would contain about ten per cent. of chloride of magnesium,
solution B being the same as that before mentioned. In this case the combination
of the two solutions A, B, forms in the beer the monosulphite of magnesium; or in
the same manner the chloride of aluminium, either alone or mixed with either the
chloride of calcium or the chloride of magnesium, or with both, may be used in
combination with a soluble sulphite, such as the sulphite of sodium, potassium or
ammonium, in which case solution A would contain about twelve per cent. of
chloride of aluminium alone, or about eleven per cent. of a mixture of the salts
employed.

page_text: When using the chloride of aluminium in the preparation of solution A the com-
bination of the two solutions A, B, forms in the beer the sulphite of aluminium, or
the compound or double sulphite of aluminium and calcium, combined or not with
the sulphite of magnesium, according to the materials employed.
These solutions are used for preserving beer in the proportion of from about one
eighth (/) to one half (1/2) of a pint of each solution per barrel of beer brewed,
according to the length of time it is desired to preserve the beer; and it is important
that an equal quantity or proportion of cach solution A and B should be employed,
and such solutions are to be employed in the manner now well understood with
respect to other preservative solutions.
These solutions may be employed at various stages of the brewing, in the water
_to be used for mashing, in the mash tun, in the wort copper, or in the fermenting
tun, or in the cleansing casks after the fermentation is finished, in-the-finished-beer,.
in the racking tank, or in the carriage cask before or after filling with the beer.
In the treatment of beer which has become sour we employ calcic oxide or pre-
cipitated lime combined or mixed with the sulphite of magnesium or the sulphite of
aluminium, preferably prepared by precipitation.
Or we employ the calcic oxide or precipitated lime mixed with the precipitated
oxide of magnesium or oxide of aluminium combined with the sulphite of calcium,
or sulphite of magnesium, or sulphite of aluminium.
The calcic oxide, oxide of magnesium, and oxide of aluminium are prepared in
the ordinary way by adding solutions of caustic soda in proper proportions to
solutions of chloride of calcium, chloride of magnesium, or chloride of aluminium,
or to mixtures of these salts, according to the base or bases required, and washing
the precipitate with water, by decantation, or filtration.
The sulphites of calcium, magnesium, and aluminium are prepared in the ordinary
way by adding a solution of sulphite of soda to a solution of chlorido of calcium,
magnesium, or aluminium, or to mixtures of these salts, according to the sulphite or
sulphites required.
Or the sulphites or the above mentioned mixtures of sulphites and oxides may
be prepared by passing sulphurous acid gas into, over, or through water containing
the precipitated oxide of calcium, magnesium, or aluminium, or mixtures of these
oxides held in suspension therein.
The time during which these oxides are subjected to the action of the sulphurous
acid gas is regulated according to whether it is desired to obtain sulphites or
mixtures of sulphites and oxides, and according to the proportions required.
In preparing a restoring mixture we prefer to employ about eighteen per cent.
of calcic oxide (Ca O HO) or precipitated lime, and two per cent. of the sulphite of
magnesium, or of the sulphite of aluminium, or of a mixture of both sulphites,
combined with about eighty per cent. of water so as to form a thick cream or
paste.
Or we employ about eighteen per cent. of a mixture of calcic oxide (CaO HO) or
precipitated lime and precipitated oxide of magnesium, or oxide of aluminium, or a
mixture of all of such oxides combined with about two per cent. of the sulphite of
calcium or sulphite of magnesium or aluminium, or a mixture of any or all of such
sulphites combined with about eighty per cent. of water, as above described.
In order to neutralize acidity in beers we add either of these latter preparations to
the beer in the proportion of about one pint thereof to the barrel of beer, for every
tenth of a per cent. of acidity the beer may contain in excess of that found in
recently brewed beer, which varies from 0.1 to 0.15 per cent.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, and the mode in which
we carry the same into effect, wo would have it understood that what we claim
is,-
First. The employment in the manufacture and treatment of beer, in order to
preserve it, of the chloride of magnesium and the chloride of aluminium, either
separately or together, and mixed with or in solution with the chloride of calcium
in combination with a soluble sulphite, substantially as herein described.

page_text: Second. The employment in the manufacture and treatment of beer, in order to
preserve it, of the chloride of magnesium alone without the chloride of calcium, in
combination with a soluble sulphite, substantially as herein described.
Third. The employment in the manufacture and treatment of beer, in order to
preserve it, of the chloride of aluminium alone without the chloride of calcium, in
combination with a soluble sulphite, substantially as herein described.
Fourth. The employment in the manufacture and treatment of beer, in order to
preserve it, of a mixture of the chlorides of magnesium and aluminium without the
chloride of calcium, in combination with a soluble sulphite, substantially as herein
described.
Fifth. The employment in the restoration of beer which has become sour, of
calcic oxide or precipitated lime, cither alone or mixed with the precipitated oxide
of magnesium or aluminium, combined with the sulphite of magnesium or the
sulphite of aluminium, substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander William Gillman, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eighth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty.