Improvements in the Construction and Working Arrangements of Casement Windows.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Jan., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 25th Sept., 1396-Accepted, 7th Nov., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction and Working Arrangements of
Casement Windows.
1, CHARLES OWER, of 104 Commercial Street, Dundee, Scotland Civil
Engineer and Architect do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
It has for its objects (1) the construction of casement windows so that the
sashes may open inward or outward at pleasure; (2) improving their wind, water
and thief resisting qualities and (3) to permit of such windows being opened and
fixed at any desired distance open for ventilating purposes without the usual
quadrants or fittings. In the following description the word "sash" means the
moving part and the word "frame" the fixed part of the casement including the
hinged beads or stops on the frame. The sashes and frames may be made of wood
iron or other suitable material.
On the vertical sides of the inside of the frame, the parts corresponding to the
stops or inner beads in an outward-opening window are hinged on a vertical axis so
as to fold back when it is desired to open the sash, and are so formed as to engage
with the styles or side bars of the sash, and so as to be fixed, locked or jammed by
the shutting and locking of the eash. Those hinged stops inay be of different
forms. Water hars are provided in all positions to which water may have access
and from the water-bar or channel on the sill of the frame a drain is formed to
the outside of the sill. Along the lower side of the lintel of the frame stops are
fixed on the inner and outer edges, of such a depth that when the sash is unlocked
it falls clear of these stops and is thus free to swing outward or inward on its
hinges or alternatively a groove or recess bevelled on one side is formed in the
lintel of the frame to receive a bevelled tongue or feather formned on the top of
the upper rail of the sash.
The sash is hung or pivotted on slack centre-point hinges fixed to the frame and
sash in or near the central axis of one of the styles of the sash, the holes grooves
or centres into which the centre-points work being elongated so that the sash can
rise or fall when the fastening or locking apparatus is being operated. The locking
apparatus consists of a metal plate or bar hung and working in-and-out in a groove
in the under side of the lower rail of the sash and actuated or operated by suitably
formed metal keys with lever or other suitable handles fixed on and working from
the inner face of the lower rail of the sash. The bits or webs of the key's engage
in suitable holes or wards in the locking plate or bar and are of such a shape as
to raise or lower the locking plate or bar according as the handles may be turned.
The length of the locking plate is preferably equal to the length of the lower rail
of the sash and its depth is regulated by the distance the sash is required to move
vertically.
When the locking plate is lifted up or drawn within the groove by the operating
of the handles, its lower edge becomes flush with the lower edge of the sash rail
and the sash drops to the position in which it can be opened; and when the
locking plate is pressed down or thrown-out into the water-bar or channel in the
sill of the frame the sash is raised and fast wedged between the sill & lintel of
the frame. The outer face of the locking plate and the outer face of the top bar
or rail of the sash or of the tongue or leather on the top bar of the sash are
formed with a bevel so that by the raising of the sash these outer faces press

page_text: against corresponding bevelled faces in the frame thereby jamming the sash against
the side beads and frame.
When ventilation is desired the sash is unlocked, moved the required distance
and the handle furthest from the hinges is turned so as to depress or lower the
outer end of the locking plate, thereby jamming or wedging the sash between the
sill and the lintel of the frame and securing the sash in the required position by
the same apparatus as locks it.
The system before described for one sash may under suitable arrangements be
applied to two or more sashes working in one frame.
By the above arrangements the blinds hangings, curtains, er other ornamental
furniture inside are not interfered with, ventilation can be regulated to any extent
and cleaning of both sides of the window can be performed inside the house
without danger to the operator.
Owing to the jamming or wedging of the sash it becomes unshakeable and
therefore noiseless and at the same time wind water and thief proof to the
greatest degree possible in such constructions. Quadrants fasteners lifters bolts
weights and boxings are dispensed with as the need for such fittings is either
obviated or their places filled by the above described invention.
Dated this 31st day of December 1895.
CHARLES OWER.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION..
Improvements in the Construction and Working Arrangements of
Casement Windows.
I, CHARLES OWER, of 104 Commercial Street, Dundee, Scotland Civil
Engineer and Architect do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
It has for its objects (1) the construction of casement windows so that the
sashes may open inward or outward at pleasure; (2) improving their wind, water
and thief resisting qualities; and (3) to permit of such windows being opened
and fixed at any desired distance open, for ventilating purposes without the usual
quadrants or fittings. In the following description the word 'sash' means the
moving part, and the word 'frame' the fixed part of the casement including the
binged beads or stops A on the frame. The sashes and frames may be made of
wood, iron, or other suitable material.
On the vertical sides of the inside of the frame 'F' the parts corresponding to
the stops 'A' or inner beads in an outward opening window are hinged on a vertical
axis so as to be folded backward 'A' when it is desired to open the sash inwards
and are so formed as to engage with the styles or side-bars 'B' of the sash and
when folded forward within the frame A they will be fixed lccked or jammed by
the shutting and locking of the sash. Those hinged stops may be of different
forms.
Water-bars C' are provided in all positions to which water may have access
and from the water-bar or channel Con the sill of the frame, a drain 'D' is
formed to the outside of the sill of the frame *F.'
Along the lower side of the lintle 'E' of the frame a bevel-shaped groove or
recess is formed to engage with a bevelled tongue or feather formed on the top of
the upper rail of the sash 'G' of such a depth that when the sash is unlocked it
falls clear of the lintle of the frame. This may also be done with stops of the
proper form fixed on the inner and outer edges of the lintle of the frame 'E'
of such a depth that when the sash is unlocked it falls clear of those stops.

page_text: The sash is hung or pivoted on slack centre-point hinges 'H' fixed to the sills
and lintels of the Irame and sash in or near the central axis of one of the styles
of the sash; the holes, grooves or centres into which the centre-points work being
elongated so that the sash can rise or fall when the fastening or locking apparatus
is being operated.
ין
The locking apparatus consists of a metal plate or bar hung and working
in-and-out in a groove in the under side of the lower rail of the sash and actuated
or operated by suitably formed metal keys and J with lever or other
suitable handles K' and 'K' fixed on and working from the inner face of the
lower rail of the sash. The lits or webs of the keys engage in suitable holes or
wards in the locking-plate or bar and are of such a shape as to raise or lower the
lucking-plate or bar according as the handles may be turned.
The length of the locking plate is preferably equal to the length of the lower
rail of the sash, and of a depth suitable to the distance the sash is required to
move vertically. When the locking plate is lifted up or drawn within the groove
by the operating of the handler, its lower edge becomes flush with the lower edge
of the sash rail, and the sash drops to the position in which it can be opened and
when the locking plate is pressed down or thrown out into the water-bar or channel
in the sill of the frame, the sash is raised and fast wedged between the sill and
linile of the frame. The water-bar or channel 'C' in the sill and the outer face of
the tongue or feather on the top bar of the sash are formed bevel-shaped so that
by the throwing out of the locking-plate, these bevel-shaped faces wedge or press
the sush inwards against the side-beads and frame.
When ventilation is desired the sash is unlocked moved the required distance,
and the handle furthest from the hinges turned so as to depress or lower the outer
end of the locking plate thereby jamming or wedging the sash between the sill
and the lintle of the frame and securing the sash in the required position by the
same apparatus as locks it.
The system before described for one sash may with suitable arrangements be
applied to two or more sashes working in one frame.
By the above arrangements the blinds, hangings, curtains or other ornamental
furniture inside the room are not interfered with, ventilation can be regulated to
any extent and cleaning of both sides of the window can be performed inside the
house without any danger to the operator. Owing to the wedging of the sash it
becomes unshakeable, and therefore noiseless and at the same time wind, water
and thief proof to the greatest degree possible in such constructions. Quadrants,
fasteners, lifters, bolts, weights and boxings are dispensed with as the need for
Euch fittings is either obviated or their places filled by the above described
invention.
And in order that my said invention and the manner of carrying the same into
operation may be properly understood, I have annexed hereto one sheet of
drawings upon which
Figure represents sectional plan of frame and sash style.
Figure 2' represents sectional elevation of frame sash & locking-bar.
Figure 3' represents elevation of locking-plate key & lever.
A is the binged stop or bead in wedging contact with the sash style 'B.'
'A'' is the hinged stop or bead thrown clear of the sash style B.' 'Care
water-bars or channels. D' the drain from water-bar C in the sill of the
frame. E' is the lintle of the frame. F, F, is the style and sill of the
frame. G'is the upper rail of the sash. H, H, Hare the centre-point
hinges upon which the sash is pivoted or hung. 1'is the locking-plate or bar,
the full lines indicating position of plate when the window is shut and the dotted
lines the position when the window is open. J'is the key actuated by the lever
handle 'K' in position when the window is shut J1 shows position of key
when the window is open and 'K' position of lever handle when the window
is open.
As there will be considerable scope for the application of this invention, the

page_text: mere mechanical details of sizes and forms will be subject to modification according
to size of window, therefore the example herein given must be regarded as of a
typical form and not as one calculated to meet every requirement.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is,
First. The improved construction of casement windows with the locking
apparatus attached and operating together substantially as herein-before described.
Second. In the construction of casement windows the combination of the locking
apparatus and the slack centre-point hinges or pivots with hinged beads operating
together substantially as herein-before described and
Third. In the construction of casement windows, the combination of the
locking apparatus with the window sill operating together substantially as herein-
before described.
Dated this Twenty-fourth day of September 1896.
CHARLES OWER.