IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VESSELS TO CONTAIN LIQUIDS AND SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE MEANS OF IMPREG- NATING LIQUIDS WITH GASES, AND IN DRAWING OFF SUCH LIQUIDS PROM SUCH VESSELS, AND IN CLOSING SUCH VESSELS
Year: 1845

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MOSES
POOLE, of Lincoln's Inn, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Third day of June, in the eighth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Moses
Poole, my exors, admňors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full power, sole
privilege and authority, that I, the said Moses Poole, my exors, admors, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Moses Poole, my exors, admors, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF VESSELS TO CONTAIN LIQUIDS AND SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE MEANS OF IMPREG-
NATING LIQUIDS WITH GASES, AND IN DRAWING OFF SUCH LIQUIDS PROM SUCH VESSELS,
AND IN CLOSING SUCH VESSELS," communicated to me by a certain Foreigner
residing abroad; in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I,
the said Moses Poole, shall cause a particular description of the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar

page_text: months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited
Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more
fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Moses Poole, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and the
manner of performing the same, are fully described and ascertained in and by
the following description thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, with the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
The Invention consists,―
First, in a mode of manufacturing the necks and upper parts of vessels for
holding liquids and substances.
Secondly, in novel modes of constructing metallic and elastic stoppers for
bottles and other vessels.
Thirdly, in combining with metallic stoppers the use of syphon tubes for
drawing off gaseous liquids; and,
Fourthly, in a mode of impregnating liquids with gasses.
I will first describe the mode of manufacturing bottles or vessels according
to the Invention. The lower part of the bottle is similar in its construction
to an ordinary bottle, the difference being in the mode of constructing the
upper part.
In the Drawing, the Figures 1 and 2 show one of such bottles; it is made
of earthenware and marked A, B.
Figure 2 shows a plan of the upper part, by which it will be seen there are
three vertical grooves or recesses formed in the inside of the upper part of the
bottle, each of which grooves or recesses terminates in a short horizontal
groove or recess, and it is by this arrangement of the neck or upper part of
vessels that I am enabled to retain the stoppers, as will be shortly described.
Figures 3 and 4 shew an external and sectional view of the same bottle,
with the metallic stopper in its position; there are projections in the external
surface of this stopper to correspond with the grooves or recesses in the neck
of the bottle, and by placing the stopper in the neck of the bottle and then
turning it round with the handled, the projections will enter into the horizontal
parts of the grooves or recesses, and the stopper will thus be prevented from
coming out. The body of the bottle is made according to the ordinary plan of
making such bottles, but the head has to undergo a particular operation, in
order to have the grooves or recesses suitably made.
The Drawings at Figures 5 and 6 shew the machine for performing this
operation. D is a table supported by four uprights e; in the centre of this
table is a mould. f, g, are two 'bprights connected by means of the cross.

page_text: head h; through the cross head passes a screw E, to which is attached at the
upper part a handle F, and at its lower end a plunger G, shewn separately at
Figure 11. The cross head may be raised at one end to allow of the clay
being put into the mould and pressed down with the hand. Having first
introduced into the mould a skin H, with two projecting straps to facilitate
its use, the piece i is then to be adjusted into the mould, where it is held.
by bayonet joints, as shewn in Figures 9 and 10. This piece i is for the
purpose of keeping the clay in the mould. When the mould is full the end of
the cross head his returned to its original position over the stems g, and the
screw F is caused to descend, when the plunger will enter the centre of the
mould and operate upon the clay therein to produce the hole in the neck
of the intended bottle. The piece i is then to be released and the head piece
removed from the mould, when the clay will represent the form shown at
Figure 12. The head or neck thus formed is then to be joined on to the body
of the bottle, as is well understood, and allowed to dry, when it is to be
operated on by another machine, shewn in elevation and plan at Figures 13.
and 14, and in details at Fig. 15, 16, 17. The object of this machine is to
render perfectly cylindrical the hole made by the preceding operation, and also
to form the outer neck B so as to correspond with the body A, and also to
flatten the upper surface of the head where the stopper is introduced. Theso
operations are performed in the following mauner:-1 is a table supported by
uprights or legs. 2 is an upright column affixed to this table. 3 is another
upright, having a groove running the whole of its length to allow of the adjust..
ment of the holder 5 by means of the screw 4. 6 and 7 are two arms pro-
jecting from the upright column (2); through the lower one part of the stem
of the tool holder 8 passes, and the upper one receives the other part of the
stem, the two parts being connected by the handle (9), which works the
cutting instrument to be afterwards described. Tho upper part of the stem is
connected to a cord 10, which passes over pullies x, x, and to the end of this
cord a weight 11 is attached. The upper part of the stem 8 has a spiral
groove formed upon it, which receives the end of the screw (12) in the upper
bearing (7); thus, as the handle (9) is turned, the cutting instrument gradually
operates upon the neck of the bottle, and by releasing the screw (12) the
cutting instrument and parts are raised by the weight (11). The workman
after having regulated the position of the bottle holder (5) and the bottle can
regulate the cutting instrument in such manner that all the bottles will be
operated upon in a similar manner. When, on working the instrument, the
collar 13 (the position of which on the stem is capable of being adjusted by a.
set screw) arrives at the support 7, the workman will know that the operation..

page_text: of smoothing the hole and the upper part of the bottle is completed. He will
then push a small trigger 14, placed under the support 6; by moving this
trigger it is put in contact with the arms of a wheel, which puts in motion the
instrument intended to form the outer form of the neck of the bottle. When
this is effected, the screw 12 is to be released, and the instrument will be
raised up from the bottle by means of the weight 11, and the bottle can be
removed from the holder and another put in its place, and the operation may
then be repented. The working of the instrument for forming the outside of
the bottle is shewn on a larger scale at Figures 15, 16, and 17. 8 shews a
portion of the stem to which the instrument is affixed, the other end being
joined to the handle 9. 15 is a metal disc, between which and the lower part
of the stem 8 is an arrangement of wheels for working the cutter 16. 17 and
18 are two uprights affixed to the disc of metal 15; they are fixed at their
lower parts to a metal ring 19, and each has a slot formed in it to receive a
horizontal cutter 20. These cutters, the height of which may be regulated as
required, are intended in the rotation of the instrument to act upon the upper
surface of the bottle, so as to give it a perfect smoothness and flatness. To
the centre of the disc 15 is screwed an upright rod 21, to the lower part of
which is affixed a plate 22, having a cutting edge 28, which works in the hole
of the bottle, and gives to it a perfect cylindrical form. On the upper part of
the same rod is affixed two cutters 24 and 25 (see Figures 18 and 19) to give
the required form to the interior of the head or neck of the bottle, where the
stopper is introduced in such manner that the stoppers will fit therein.
Figures 20 and 21 shew a variation, which is applicable for the bottles
where the syphon is used, which will be afterwards explained. The cutter 16,
which turns the outer part of the neck, is hinged at 16¹ to the upper part, upon
a small projection from the plate 15, so as to allow of the spring 27 pressing
on the short end thereof, as shewn at Figure 17. This short end of the cutting
lever 16 is in contact at its under side with a projecting surface or inclined
plane fixed to the wheel 28, which takes into another wheel 29, upon the same
axis as the wheel 30. From this arrangement it will be seen, that when the
catch or trigger 14 of the Figure 13 is slided into contact with the instrument
each time the instrument revolves, the catch 14 will strike against one of the
arms of the wheel 30, and thus give motion to the wheels 28 and 29. Then
the inclined plane of the wheel 28 will act upon the piece 16, so as to cause
the cutting part thereof to approach and act upon the outer part of the neck
of the bottle; and when the inclined plane of the wheel 28 has completed its
course, the neck of the bottle is finished, and the piece 16 is brought back to
the original position by the spring 27. The external form of the head of the

page_text: bottle is then completed; but in order to regulate the form of the lower part
of the hole, I introduce a mould I, shewn at Figures 22 and 23, which is of the
exact size of the hole; then, by passing through the mould I the instrument J,;
shown at Figure 24, having a cutter at its lower end, I am enabled to remove
the marks left by the instrument 21. The bottle is now to be submitted to
the operations of another machine, to have the square notches or recesses c
formed in the neck. The instruments used for this purpose, as shewn, are
two, the one shewn in the Drawing at Figures 25, 26, 27, and the other at
28 and 29. The first is intended to form the upright groove or recess; it
consists of a centre rod m, from the upper part of which three levers n, which
move on pivots affixed to the top of the rod m; at the lower end of these levers
n are formed cutters, as shown separately at Figure 27, so as to raise the
part cut without destroying the edges of the neck of the bottle. o is a ring or
collar which slides over the central rod m and over the levers n; and it is by
means of this ring or collar that the levers n are brought into the required
positions by the workman, and by the action of the coiled spring p, placed
around the rod m, the ring o is brought back again to its original position.
In using this instrument the mould g, shewn at Figures 30 and 31, is first to be
introduced into the neck of the bottle. There are three lateral openings in
this mould, as will be seen by the Drawings, and a tube which projects into
the interior of the bottle; through this tube the rod m of the cutters is adjusted;
and it will readily be understood, that by adjusting the instrument in such
manner that the cutters are brought over the notches in the mould 9, that with
a slight pressure of the hand of the workman on the top, that those portions of
the bottle will be cut out; and by the action of the spring and the ring o the
portions of the bottle cut will be raised up. The depth of these notches will
be regulated by the depth of the mould 9. When the vertical notches or
recesses are made, the instrument shewn at Figure 28 is to be used to form
the horizontal grooves or recesses. This instrument is of a similar construction,
only the cutters are horizontal instead of vertical; and when introduced into
the vertical notches formed the instrument Figures 25, 26, all that is
necessary is to turn it round from left to right, when the horizontal portion of
the grooves or recesses will be formed.
The construction of stopper for closing bottles and vessels is as follows, and
5 is shewn in the Drawings separately at Figures 32, 33, and 34; it is of a hollow
cylindrical form, and may be made of tin or other suitable material. On the
outer part thereof are three projections b', which correspond with the notches c
in the vessels already described. Above these projections is a shoulder, which
rests upon the upper part of the neck of the bottle; the size of the stopper is

page_text: according to the size of the hole in the neck of the bottle. At the lower part
of the stopper is a metallic washer c', and an elastic packing d', through which
passes a rod e', with a flange, which presses against the elastic packing d.
The socket a', as well as the metal washer c', are screw tapped, in order that
the portion of the stopper g¹ may be screwed thereon; and to the upper part
of g¹ there is a small rod forming a handle, by turning which the screw is
worked. In using this stopper the projections are placed in the notches or
recesses, and pushed down to the bottom of them; then, by turning then
slightly round, they will come into the horizontal part of the notches or grooves,
and then will the stopper be securely retained; and by turning the handle the
screw stopper in the socket a¹ is put into operation, which causes the pro-
jections b' to rise and press against the upper sides of the horizontal notches or
grooves c, and will thus fix the pressure of the stopper upon the neck of the
inner opening of the bottle to any required degree. The rotary movements
given to the stopper by the handle d only acts upon the screwed socket,
which gives a direct pressure upon the sides of the inner opening of the
bottle, which opening is perfectly closed by means of the metallic shoulder f¹,
and which prevents any contact with the elastic part d', which is intended
by the lateral compressure to close hermetically the opening by pressing upon
the periphery of the circular sides of this opening. To uncork the bottle
it will be only necessary to turn the handle the contrary way, and the projec-
tions will be released from the notches, and the stopper can then be easily
drawn out. This mode of constructing metallic and elastic stoppers with
screws and sockets is applicable for closing bottles and others vessels containing
gaseous and other liquids and substances, and the great advantage that it offers
is the capability of introducing liquids into them without admitting the air;
in which case the bottle would be immersed in the liquids, and by means of
this system no space would exist between the cork or stopper and the liquid,
which will prevent the fermentation with those liquids that are liable to
ferment from the action of the air upon the liquids. As to solid substances, the
advantage is that with this system no luting is required.
For vessels of certain dimensions and for vessels to contain preserves, the
system is slightly modified, see Figures 35, 36, and 87. h¹ is the opening of
the head of the vessel I, in the inner part of which is formed a screw cut to
receive a screw stopper J, the upper part of which is constructed partly s
cylindrical, and the lower being conical, m¹ being the shoulder of the rod n³,
and there is a metallic washer o¹; is a rod or handle to turn the screw
stopper. The rod n¹ is formed towards the upper part to receive a pin in
the handle the details of this stopper are shown at Figures 38 and 39,

page_text: It results that in screwing this stopper by means of the handle 7, over the
head of the vessel, that the elastic cone caused to close hermetically against
the conical sides of the orifice, whilst the shoulder m¹ of the rod n¹ only
will be in contact with the liquid contained in the vessel. In ordinary glass
bottles the system shewn in detail at Figs. 40, 41, and 42, may be employed;
all the screw part is suppressed. The elastic part is compressed between the
shoulder p of the rod n¹ and the washer q', which is slightly conical. The
rod is screwed into the socket of the handle . This washer q¹ carries two
projections, which fit into the notches made in the bottle k', Figure 41, so as
to keep the stopper in its proper position; or instead of these projections this
washer may have limbs projecting down under the rim of the bottle, as shown
at Figure 42. This system of stopping bottles may be with advantage
employed in place of the ordinary system of corking.
I will now describe the mode of using this system of stopping bottles used
in the impregnating of liquids with gas, and for drawing off gascous liquids
from bottles. The metallic and elastic stopper, with the projections described at
Figures 32, 33, and 34, is combined with a moveable syphon, as shown adjusted
to a bottle at Figures 43 and 44, and the syphon and stopper on a larger scale
at Figure 45, with the details of the valve at Fig. 46. The construction of
the stopper is similar to that before described, but the tube h passes through
the centre of the elastic washer d¹, and nearly to the bottom of the vessel.
The part is screwed on to the socket, as before explained; this part of the
stopper is hollow, to allow of the introduction of the valvular arrangement j
in the inner opening of the syphon, so that the body of the syphon should be
of a larger diameter than the tube 2, through which the liquids are drawn
off. This tube is in communication with the opening m³; the lower part
of this opening has projecting pieces against which the valve is pressed,
when it is required to shut off the communication between the interior and
exterior of the vessel; this valve is raised by the spring n³, and depressed by
the button o', which has a stem which is connected to the valve ³, and this
stem passes through a washer, which closes hermetically the upper part of the
opening m. When the syphon is placed in the bottle by the aid of the stopper
before described, the bottle is hermetically closed, and the gaseous liquid
cannot escape but through the opening m³, as the pressure of the gas
contained in the vessel tends constantly to press the valve upwards against
the projection of the lower part of the tube m². In order to draw off any
quantity it will only be necessary to press upon the button o³, which depresses
the spring and the valve j³, and opens a communication for the liquid to
escape, and when sufficient is drawn off, by removing the pressure from the

page_text: button, the valve will be drawn up again by the action of the spring, and
thus shut off the communication.
Another arrangement of valve is shown in section at Figure 47, and in
detail to a larger scale at Figures 48, 49, 50, 51, and 52. The body of the
syphon tube is screwed in as before to the socket, and the tube h³ descends
nearly to the bottom of the vessel. At the upper part is a float 7, the
surface of which is grooved; the upper part is covered with an elastic
material having a projection thereon, and this elastic material tends constantly
upwards by the pressure of the liquid, whilst the spring n³, arranged below,
is to support the weight of the float, and press against the projecting edge
around the opening m³. Upon this float presses the rod p³, which is
worked by the button o³, the upper part is hermetically closed, and is worked
in the same manner as the previous one; and the advantage of this mode of
using the syphon tube in combination with the peculiar mode of stopping is,
that it may be easily removed to allow of the interior of the bottle being
cleaned out. The stopper shown at Figure 42 as applied to glass vessels,
may also be used with a syphon tube, as shewn at Figure 53, having a cock
for drawing off the liquids when required.
I will now describe the improvements in impregnating liquids with gases.
Figures 54, 55, 56, and 57 show one mode of impregnating liquids according
to this part of the Invention. Up to this time in apparatus such as shewn
at Figure 54, the vessel A, which contains the acid (in order to the pressure
in the interior of the generator being equalized), has been connected by a
tube to the generator B, such tube being lnted to the vessel A, instead of
which I employ a tube covered externally with lead. At the end of this
tube is a conical plug fitting into a conical opening at the bottom of the
vessel A, at the point of communication of the vessel A with the generator;
the same tube has a screw in a portion of its length to slide in the central
socket of the vessel when required to open the communication between the
vessel A and the generator B, by means of the handle C. There is a stuffing
box placed around this rod below the screw part, so as to close it hermetically.
The chimney D of the generator is enlarged to allow of the introduction of
a piece of fabric. When by the agitation in the generator the gas is formed,
the froth which is produced with it is not allowed to escape with the gas
through the chimney D, there being a filter placed therein, through which
only the gas passes, first into the purifying vessel E, and afterwards into the
vessel F, and from thence into the separate bottles. This part of the process
is new as distinguished from all other systems where the gas when generated
has been carried into receivers to be used as required. A tube G proceeding

page_text: from the purifier F is connected to a small receiver capable of holding
sufficient gas for one bottle, the pressure in which may be regulated as
required by means of a manometer I. The tube G is supplied with a cock
J, which is worked by the toothed wheels K, L, the axis of the pinion L
having a handle M; this cock is closed when the receiver H is charged with
gas for the required pressure. N is an elastic tube connected to the receiver
H, and also connected at the other end to a distributor O, into which is
plunged the bent end of the syphon of the bottle as shown. This distributor
O, seen separately at Figure 56, carries at its lower part a projection to
attach it by screws to the tube N, and at its upper end there is a screw
cover P, having a hole in its centre for the introduction of the bent tube of
the syphon in the interior of the distributor. About the middle is a diaphragm
q, having a hole for the plug u; below this diaphragm is an elastic float R,
compressed in a metallic case; a horizontal section of this float is shewn
at Figure 57, showing the space for the passage of the gas. This float rests
upon a spring S. Above the diaphragm is also placed an elastic bed T, having
an elastic metallic washer adjusted thereon to the interior of the distributor O;
through this passes a hollow tube u, having an opening at its lower part
for the passage of the gas, and communicating with the tube of the syphon.
At the upper part of the distributor O is a collar V, and a strap a from this
collar passes over the button at the top of the bottle, the other end of which
strap & is affixed to the lever catch Y. The bottle containing the liquid to be
gassed is placed on the plate Z in the metallic casing m³, which is hinged
in two parts; the plate rests upon a spring n². In the upper part of this
case are two projections, the one to support the collar of the distributor O,
and the other to support the lever and catch wheel Y. O is a handle for
the
purpose of giving a rotary and alternate movement to the bottle frame,
so as to saturate the liquid perfectly with gas. From this employment of
the elastic tube N, this movement can be given to the vessel in the frame m³,
and the distributor O allows the gas to pass from the receiver H into the
syphon at any required pressure. The opening of the valve of the syphon is
effected by the pressure of the strap connected to the lever y.
And Figures 58, 59, 60, show another form of apparatus which may be
employed for gassing single bottles. Figure 61 shows the same system with
a syphon tube applied to it. a³ is a vessel, the top and bottom of which is
closed with screw plugs, as shewn in the Drawing. is the top cover, which
may be removed when the apparatus is intended to be applied to the syphon.
The lower part is closed with a similar plug, to which is affixed a receiver c³,
into which the material to generate the gas is placed. The receiver is

page_text: pierced with small holes in its upper part, to facilitate the dissolution of the
material, while it detains the residue. In the inside of the vase a³ there
are two partitions d³ and e³; the partition is convex, and has an opening in
the centre, which can be closed when required by the ball valve f; the
other partition is concave, and pierced with holes on its surface. In turning
over this vessel sufficient liquid will pass in to dissolve the powder in the
receiver; in doing this the ball valve f³ will close the opening in the partition
d. From this arrangement it will be easily understood that in applying this
instrument to the syphon of the bottle, that the gas formed by the dissolution
of the powder in contact with the liquid, will pass into the bottle by pressing
the button at the top of the syphon vessel, and opening the communication
with the bottle. After a few minutes of shaking being given to the bottle, the
liquid contained therein will be found perfectly saturated and perfectly clear,
as it has no contact with the powder.
-
Another mode of impregnating liquids with gas according to this part of
the Invention, is shewn at Figures 62 and 63, in which the inner part of
each of the bottles is made with a partition therein. In Figure 62 the
partition m is shewn to be vertical; in Figure 63 the partition is shewn to
be horizontal. The compartment m' has no communication with the division h³,
except through the small hole p, nor has the compartment n' any communi-
cation with the division h², except through the small channel q. Each of
the bottles is closed at the upper part by the stoppers previously described;
at the sides of these vessels is another opening L, which is closed also with
the stoppers above described. The bottles are to be supplied with liquid
by removing the syphon tube, as before described, and when again closed
the stopper L is to be removed, and a quantity of powder introduced into the
<livisions m and n, and a sufficient quantity of liquid to dissolve it, when
the gas generated will quickly rise and pass through the opening p or q into
the part of the vessel containing the liquids, and impregnate the liquid therein.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, I would have it understood that I do not limit myself
to the precise details herein given, so long as the peculiar character of either
part of the Invention be retained; and I am aware that it has been before
proposed to impregnate liquids with gas, by forcing gas into the liquids con-
tained in bottles, and also that it is not new to employ a syphon tube for
the purpose of drawing off portions of gaseous liquids; I do not therefore
claim such; but what I claim is,―
First, the mode of forming the upper part or necks of bottles, as herein
described