IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED "IN BURNING BRICKS AND OTHER PLASTIC FORMS
Year: 1877

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, We, JOHN
FOSTER and CHARLES JAMES FOSTER, both of Normanton, in the County of York,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland;
the Channel Isles, and the Isle of Man, bearing date the Twenty-third day of
August, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven, and numbered 3213, in the
Forty-first year of Her reign, did for herself, her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto us, the said John Foster and Charles James Foster, Her special license
that we, the said John Foster and Charles James Foster, our executors, adminis-
trators, or assigns, or such others as we, the said John Foster and Charles James
Foster, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with;
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Isles, and the Isle
of Man, an Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED
"IN BURNING BRICKS AND OTHER PLASTIC FORMS:"
And whereas, in pursuance of and in performance of a proviso in the said Letters
Patent contained, we, the said John Foster and Charles James Foster, did cause a
Specification under our hands and seals, particularly describing the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, to be duly filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office on or about the Twenty-third day of February,
1878:
And whereas, since the filing of the said Specification, doubts have arisen as to
the novelty of certain parts of the said Invention as claimed in the second and
third claims of the said Specification.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Foster and Charles James Foster,
by and with the leave of Her Majesty's Attorney General, do hereby for the

page_text: reason aforesaid desire to make the following alterations in the said Specification,
viz. —
"
On page 2, line 28, of the Queen's Printers' copy, to strike out the words " by
preference." On page 4, line 2, to insert between the words "Invention" and
" but,"
," "but we do not claim such parts separately, nor do we claim the employ-
"ment of waggons, or of a parallel closed heating chamber separately, or otherwise
than in combination with the heating furnace constructed and operating in the
position and manner as described." Same page, line 4, to strike out the word
66 first," and also to strike out the second and third claims.
"
"6
And the said Specification when disclaimed and altered will read as follows:-
Our Invention has reference to kilns and other apparatus employed in burning
bricks and other forms.
The object of our improvements is to effect a saving in labor, better burning and
less damage to the bricks or other plastic forms; also economy in fuel and in the
construction of the kiln.
.
The kiln consists of one long parallel chamber, into which the bricks or other
plastic forms are passed on iron waggons having fire-clay tops; these waggons are
constructed to fit the sides of the interior of the kiln so as to be as air-tight as
practicable up each side.
When in operation the burning part occupies the centre of the kiln, the fires
being stationary in the sides of the kiln, and when required fuel may be fed from
the top.
A progressive motion is given when required to the waggons containing the
bricks or other forms from some suitable motive power.
The chamber may be made of any required length, and to contain a convenient
number of loaded waggons at one time. As the bricks or other forms on each
waggon are burnt sufficiently, the waggon is pushed or pulled forward, and
another waggon containing unburnt forms takes its place at the burning part of the
kiln.
As each waggon containing unburnt forms is admitted in at one end of the kiln,
another containing burnt forms is simultaneously passed out at the other.
The economy in fuel is obtained by the fires being. in one part only of the kiln,
which is kept at an intense heat instead of the ordinary mode of firing.
The cool air passes into the kiln through the outlet for waggons (whereby the
burned bricks or other forms are gradually cooled), thence to the fire; the inlet end
for unburnt forms acts as the flue for the heated gases, from whence it passes to a
chimney. By this arrangement the forms are gradually heated before being
subinitted to the intense heat of the firing part of the kiln.
When the waggons are drawn from the kiln they may be taken to any convenient
place for unloading.
..
The inlet end for the waggons may be closed by iron or other doors, and doors or
dampers may also be fitted for regulating the air inlet.
And in order that our Invention may be more completely understood reference is
given to the accompanying two Sheets of Drawings, and to the letters and marks
thereon.
.:
Sheet 1.-Figure 1 is a longitudinal elevation; Figure 2, a sectional plan through
A, B, Figure 1; and Figure 3, a sectional plan on a reduced scale through C, D,
Figure 1.
J
Sheet 2.-Figure 4, a longitudinal section through centre of kiln; Figure 5, an
enlarged transverse section through E, F, Figure 4; Figure 6, an end elevation of
kiln, and drawn to the same scale as Figure 4.

page_text: The kiln consists of one long parallel chamber a, into which the bricks or other
plastic forms are passed on waggons 6 constructed entirely of metal, the surfaces or
tops of which are covered with fire-brick or fire-clay c to resist the heat; these
waggons are constructed so as to fit the sides d of the interior in order to be as
air-tight as practicable, and are shewn at e.
When in operation the burning part occupies the centre part of the kiln,
stationary fires being provided at f; when required, fuel may be fed amongst the
bricks, being burnt through holes g at the top of the kiln.
The waggons are passed into the kiln and "scarfed " on to each other, or overlap,
as shewn at h, preserving thereby the waggons, and also preventing cold air from
rushing in where not required.
In order to keep the waggons cool at the burning part of the kiln we provide
the air holes i, through which a current of air passes to the various parts thereof.
The kiln also is provided with openings at each end sufficiently large to allow a
current of air to pass under the waggons.
A progressive motion is given when required to the waggons b containing the
bricks or other forms from some suitable motive power.
The chamber a may be made of any required length on an incline, though not
necessarily so, and to contain a convenient number of loaded waggons at one
time.
After the bricks or other forms on each waggon are sufficiently burnt the waggon
is pushed forward, and another containing unburnt forms takes its place at the
burning part of the kiln,
As each waggon containing unburnt forms is admitted at the end j of the kiln,
another containing burnt forms may simultaneously.be passed out of the end k.
We, by preference, close the end j with a sliding or other door l, and leave the
end kopen, and provide the "stack" or chimney m as near as convenient to the
end j, into which openings or flues are made from each side of the kiln at n. By
this arrangement the cool air passes into the kiln through outlet end k (whereby
the burnt bricks or other forms are gradually cooled), thence to the fires f. The
inlet end j for unburnt forms acts on the flue for the heated gases, from whence
they pass through n to the chimney or "stack." By this arrangement the forms
are gradually heated before being submitted to the intense heat of the firing
part f.
When the waggons are drawn from the kiln they may be taken to any con..
venient place for unloading; and for the purpose of conveniently passing or
conducting the waggons from one end of the kiln to the other, and through it, we
provide the rails o, which are of ordinary construction.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and shewn by Drawings
how the same may be carried into practice, we would have it understood that we
do not limit ourselves to the exact limits, details, or configuration of the parts we
have explained and shewn, as the same may of course be varied or modified with-
out in any way departing from the Invention, but we do not claim such parts
separately, nor do we claim the employment of waggons or of a parallel closed
heating chamber separately or otherwise than in combination with the heating
furnace constructed and operating in the position and manner described, but what
we claim and desire to be secured to us by Letters Patent is, the arrangement,
construction, and application of kiln for burning bricks and other forms, sub-
stantially as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Foster and Charles James Foster,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Sixth day of August, in the year

page_text: I hereby grant my Fiat, giving leave to the above-named John Foster and
Charles, James Foster to file in the Great Seal Patent, Office, with the Specification
to which the same relates, the above-written Disclaimer and Memorandum of
Alteration.
10170

page_text: "
LETTERS PATENT to John Foster and Charles James Foster, both of Normanton,
in the County of York, for the Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS AND
APPARATUS
AND
BURNING BRICKS
OTHER PLASTIC
IN
FORMS."
EMPLOYED IN
Sealed the 1st February 1878, and dated the 23rd August 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Foster and Charles
James Foster at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd
August 1877.
JOHN FOSTER and CHARLES JAMES FOSTER, both of Normanton, in the County
of York. " IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN BURNING
BRICKS AND OTHER PLASTIC FORMS."
Our Invention has reference to kilns and other apparatus employed in burning
bricks and other forms.
The object of our improvements is to effect a saving in labour, better burning and
less damage to the bricks or other plastic forms, also economy in fuel and in the
construction of the kiln.
The kiln consists of one long parallel chamber, into which the bricks or other
plastic forms are passed on iron waggons having fire-clay tops; these waggons are
constructed to fit the sides of the interior of the kilns, so as to be as air-tight as
practicable up each side. When in operation the burning part occupies by preference
the centre of the kiln, the fires being stationary in the sides of the kiln, and when
required fuel may be fed from the top.
A progressive motion is given, when required, to the waggons containing the
bricks or other forms from some suitable motive power.
The chamber may be made of any required length and to contain a convenient
number of loaded waggons at one time. As the bricks or other forms on each
waggon are burnt sufficiently, the waggon is pushed or pulled forward, and
another waggon containing unburnt forms takes its place at the burning part of
the kiln.

page_text: As each waggon containing unburnt forms is admitted in at one end of kiln,
another containing burnt forms is simultaneously passed out at the other.
The economy in fuel is obtained by the fires being in one part only of the kiln,
which is kept at an intense heat, instead of the ordinary mode of firing.
The cool air passes into the kiln through the outlet for waggons (whereby the 5
burned bricks or other forms are gradually cooled), thence to the fire; the inlet
end for unburnt forms acts as the flue for the heated gases, from whence it
passes to a chimney. By this arrangement the forms are gradually heated
before being submitted to the intense heat of the firing part of the kiln.
When the waggons are drawn from the kiln they may be taken to any convenient I
place for unloading.
The inlet end for the waggons may be closed by iron or other doors, and doors or
dampers may also be fitted for regulating the air inlet..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Foster and Charles James Foster in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 23rd February 1878.
JOHN FOSTER and CHARLES JAMES FOSTER, both of Normanton, in the County
of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN BURNING
BRICKS AND OTHER PLASTIC FORMS."
Our Invention has reference to kilns and other apparatus employed in burning
bricks and other forms.
The object of our improvements is to effect a saving in labor, better burning
and less damage to the bricks or other plastic forms, also economy in fuel and in
the construction of the kiln.
The kiln consists of one long parallel chamber, into which the bricks or other
plastic forms are passed on iron waggons having fire-clay tops; these waggons are.
constructed to fit the sides of the interior of the kiln, so as to be as air-tight as
practicable up each side. When in operation the burning part occupies by preference
the centre of the kiln, the fires being stationary in the sides of the kiln, and when
required fuel may be fed from the top.
A progressive motion is given when required to the waggons containing the
bricks or other forms from some suitable motive power.
The chamber may be made of any required length, and to contain a convenient
number of loaded waggons at one time. As the bricks or other forms on each
waggon are burnt sufficiently, the waggon is pushed or pulled forward, and
another waggon containing unburnt forms takes its place at the burning part of
the kiln.
As each.waggon containing unburnt forms is admitted in at one end of the kiln,
another containing burnt forms is simultaneously passed out at the other.
The economy in fuel is obtained by the fires being in one part only of the kiln,
which is kept at an intense heat, instead of the ordinary mode of firing.
The cool air passes into the kiln through the outlet for waggons (whereby the
burned bricks or other forms are gradually cooled), thence to the fire; the inlet end
for unburnt forms acts as the flue for the heated gases, from whence it passes to a

page_text: The inlet end for the waggons may be closed by iron or other doors, and doors or
dampers may also be fitted for regulating the air inlet.
And in order that our Invention may be more completely understood, reference
is given to the accompanying two Sheets of Drawings, and to the letters and marks
thereon.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Sheet 1.-Figure 1 is a longitudinal elevation.
Figure 2, a sectional plan through A, B, Figure 1.
And, Figure 3, a sectional plan on a reduced scale through C, D, Figure 1.
Sheet 2. Figure 4, a longitudinal section through centre of kiln.
Figure 5, an enlarged transverse section through E, F, Figure 4.
Figure 6, an end elevation of kiln, and drawn to the same scale as Figure 4.
The kiln consists of one long parallel chamber a, into which the bricks or other
plastic forms are passed on waggons b, constructed entirely of metal, the surfaces or
tops of which are covered with fire-brick or fire-clay c to resist the heat; these
waggons are constructed so as to fit the sides d of the interior, in order to be as air-
tight as practicable, and are shewn at e.
When in operation the burning part occupies the centre part of the kiln,
stationary fires being provided at f; when required, fuel may he fed amongst the
bricks being burnt through holes g at the top of the kiln.
The waggons are passed into the kiln, and "scarfed" on to each other, or overlap,
as shewn at h, preserving thereby the waggons, and also preventing cold air from
rushing in where not required.
In order to keep the waggons cool at the burning part of the kiln, we provide the
air holes i, through which a current of air passes to the various parts thereof. The
kiln also is provided with openings at each end, sufficiently large to allow a current
of air to pass under the waggons.
A progressive motion is given when required to the wagons 6 containing the
bricks or other forms from some suitable motive power.
The chamber a may be made of any required length on an incline, though not
necessarily so, and to contain a convenient number of loaded waggons at one time.
After the bricks or other forms on each waggon are sufficiently burnt, the waggon
is pushed forward, and another containing unburnt forms takes its place at the
burning part of the kiln.
رو
As each wagon containing unburnt forms is admitted at the end j of the kiln,
another containing burnt forms may simultaneously be passed out of the end k.
We by preference close the end j with a sliding or other door l, and leave the
end k open, and provide the "stack or chimney m as near as convenient to the
end j, into which openings or flues are made from each side of the kilu at n. By
this arrangement the cool air passes into the kiln through outlet end k (whereby the
burnt bricks or other forms are gradually cooled), thence to the fires f; the inlet
end; for unburnt forms acts as the flue for the heated gases, from whence they
pass through n to the chimney or "stack." By this arrangement the forms
are gradually heated before being submitted to the intense heat of the firing
part f
When the waggons are drawn from the kiln they may be taken to any convenient
place for unloading; and for the purpose of conveniently passing or conducting the
waggons from one end of the kiln to the other, and through it, we provide the rails o,
which are of ordinary construction.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and shewn by Drawings
how the same may be carried into practice, we would have it understood that we
do not limit ourselves to the exact limits, details, or configuration of the parts we

page_text: have explained and shewn, as the same may of course be varied or modified without
in any way departing from the Invention, but what we claim and desire to be secured
to us by Letters Patent is,-
First. The arrangement, construction, and application of kiln for burning bricks
and other forms, substantially as herein set forth.
Second. The employment of waggons constructed and applied in the interior of
the chamber with mere modifications of the same, substantially as and for purposes
herein set forth.
Third. The arrangement and combination of the various parts forming the
means or apparatus for burning bricks and other plastic forms, substantially as
herein set forth..
In witness whereof, we, the said John Foster and Charles James Foster,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Eighteenth day of February,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.