Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 29th July, 1888.
Complete Left, 23rd Apr., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 27th May, 1887.
[Communicated from abroad by NORMAN SELFE, of Sydney, in the Colony of New
South Wales, Engineer.]
I, CHARLES HENRY MCEWEN of the Firm of D. P. M°Ewen & Co. of 97 Cannon
Street London in the County of Middlesex, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a Hydraulic Balance for Direct Lift Hydraulic Elevators;
its object is threefold, but it may be used for one, or two or the whole of the
purposes to which it is adapted and which are, First to equalise the lifting power of
a direct hydraulic ram, or as I shall hereafter term it the Working Ram, of a direct
lift elevator, as such ram rises out of the Water and the displacement is reduced,
and to effect such equalization of lifting power without the use of Chains, ropes or
Cables, or other devices attached to the Car apart from the Ram. Secondly to obtain
relatively large lifting power from a ram of small diameter when the water supply is
at a relatively low pressure. Or to obtain all the advantages of smooth working and
freedom from shocks and jerks which are secured by large pipes and Valves and low
pressure, without requiring the large Working ram that would be necessary if the
water supply at low pressure acted direct on the Working Ram. Thirdly-to apply
the weight of Water as a counter balance to the Constant load of Working Ram and
Cage instead of using solid weights as generally used.
My balance is constructed and arranged as follows.
The Cylinder of the Working Ram, or Working Cylinder, instead of being con-
nected to the water supply is connected to another Cylinder which is turned on the
outside to form a Ram, and which I term the Cylinder Ram. This Cylinder-Ram is
suspended from flanges or brackets at its upper end and has a stuffing box at its
head through which a Ram, which I term the Balance ram works. This balance ram
is of equal cubic displacement with the working ram; and the Working Cylinder and
the Cylinder ram having the requisite water in them, and the stuffing being tight;
when one ram is forced down the other is forced up, and the water passes backwards
and forwards between the two Cylinders there being no loss of water, except from
leakage, to be made up.
The Cylinder-Ram has also working over it, and watertight on its turned outer
surface a larger Cylinder which I term the balance cylinder, and this balance Cylinder

page_text: is so connected to the Balance-Ram by rods, or otherwise, that they rise and fall
together; as the balance ram rises out of the Cylinder-Ram when the Working ram
descends then the Balance Cylinder rises up and encloses the Balance-Ram, and vico
versa. The supply of pressure or working water is made through a Suitable Elevator
valve to the Balance Cylinder, where acting on the bottom of the Cylinder-ram it
forces down the balance Cylinder and with it the Balance ram into the Cylinder ram,
and causes the Working ram to rise with a power proportional to the different areas
of the Balance Ram and Cylinder-ram, less loss due to friction and otherwise. As
the Balance Cylinder is movable, I can make a connection with a flexible pipe to the
Water Supply and Valve, but prefer to carry a pipe from the head of the Cylinder
Ram to the bottom in the annular space around the Working ram, so as to carry
the low pressure supply into the balance Cylinder direct and without communication
with the water actuating the balance ram in the Cylinder ram. In making a lift with
the Elevator, the working ram rises out of the water and thus loses power as it
rises by the reduced displacement, at the same time the Balance ram being forced
into the water causes a loss of power for a similar cause, and I compensate for these
losses by the areas of the several rams being duly proportioned. If the Balance
Ram is five times the area of the Working Ram and one-fifth the stroke, I prefer
to make the Cylinder Ram six times the area of the Balance ram and thus multiply
the effective pressure of the Water supply six times less loss due to friction and such
causes, and so on, but I do not bind myself to these proportions. The result of this
increase of pressure is that a relatively small Working ram is used with a low
pressure water supply, and further, as the Balance Cylinder descends the contained
water becomes greater in quantity and weight, and this increased weight being
suspended from the balance ram increases the pressure of the water in the Cylinder Ram
and under the working ram as the elevator rises, and if properly proportioned equalises
the lifting power throughout the stroke. In the balance Cylinder there is an annular
space around the Cylinder Ram always full of water and forming a permanent load
on the Balance ram; and in order to counterbalance the permanent load of the
Working Ram and Cage, or as much of it as is required beyond that afforded by
the weight of the Balance ram, the Balance Cylinder and connections, I so increase
the diameter of the Balance Cylinder as to enable it to hold a larger permanent
load of water, and in this way dispense with the whole or part of the solid balance
weight otherwise necessary as generally used.-I propose to claim the Suspension of
the Cylinder Ram by its top end and the arrangement of connected and movable
Balance Ram and Balance Cylinder as described as entirely novel. In case it is
required to save room, I make the Hydraulic Balance Concentric with the Working
ram and Cylinder and only require one additional stuffing Box, at the same time
dispensing with the connecting pipe between the inside of the Cylinder ram and the
Working cylinder. I effect this by making the working cylinder an extension from
the bottom of the fixed Cylinder ram, and turn so much of the upper part of the
Working Cylinder as is necessary for the working of a stuffing box on the bottom of
the Balance ram watertight over the outside of the Cylinder ram. The working ram
passes up through the centre of the Working Cylinder the Cylinder ram, and the
Balance ram which forms a continuation of the Working Cylinder, and the stuffing
box for the head of the Working Cylinder is made on the head of the movable Balance
ram, and thus by the one additional stuffing box at the bottom of the Balance Cylinder
the whole Machine Elevator Working Cylinder and Hydraulic Balance can be made
Concentric. I also propose to claim the Fixed Cylinder ram, and the connected and
Moving Balance Ram and Balance Cylinder suspended from the Balance Ram.

page_text: A Communication from NORMAN Selfe, of Sydney, in the Colony of New South
Wales, Engineer.
I, CHARLES HENRY MCEWEN of the Firm of D. P. McEwen & Co. of 97 Cannon
Street London in the County of Middlesex, Merchant do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This Invention relates to a Hydraulic Balance for Direct Lift Hydraulic Elevators;
its object is threefold, but it may be used for one, or two or the whole of the purposes
to which it is adapted and which are, First to equalise the lifting power of a direct
hydraulic ram, or as I shall hereafter term it the Working Ram, of a direct lift elevator,
as such ram rises out of the water and the displacement is reduced, and to effect such
equalization of lifting power without the use of Chains, ropes, or Cables, or other
devices attached to the Car apart from the Ram. Secondly to obtain relatively largo
lifting power from a ram of small diameter when the water supply is at a relatively
low pressure. Or to obtain all the advantages of smooth working and freedom from
shocks and jerks which are secured by large pipes and Valves and low pressure,
without requiring the large working ram that would be necessary if the water supply
at low pressure acted direct on the Working Ram. Thirdly to apply the weight of
water as a counter balance to the constant load of Working Ram and Cage instead of
using solid weights as generally used.
My balance is constructed and arranged as follows.
The Cylinder of the working Ram, or Working Cylinder, instead of being connected
to the water supply is connected to another Cylinder which is turned on the outside to
form a Ram, and which I term the Cylinder Ram. This Cylinder-Ram is suspended
from flanges or brackets at its upper end and has a stuffing box at its head through
which a Kam, which I term the balance ram works. This balance ram is of equal
cubic displacement with the working ram; and the Working Cylinder and the Cylinder
ram having the requisite water in them, and the stuffing being tight; when one
ram is forced down the other is forced up, and the water passes backwards and
forwards between the two cylinders there being no loss of water, except from leakage,
to be made up.
The Cylinder-Ram has also working over it, and watertight on its turned outer
surface a larger Cylinder which I term the balance cylinder, and this balance Cylinder
is so connected to the Balance-Ram by rods, or otherwise, that they rise and fall
together; as the balance ram rises out of the Cylinder-Ram when the working ram
descends then the Balance Cylinder rises up and encloses the Balance-Ram, and vice-
versa. The supply of pressure or working water is made through a suitable Elevator
valve to the balance Cylinder, where acting in the bottom of the Cylinder ram it forces
down the balance Cylinder and with it the Balance ram into the Cylinder ram, and
causes the Working ram to rise with a power proportional to the different areas of the
Balance Ram and Cylinder Ram, less loss due to friction and otherwise. As the
Balance Cylinder is movable, I can make a connection with a flexible pipe to the water
supply and Valve but prefer to carry a pipe from the head of a cylinder ram to the
bottom in the annular space around the working ram, so as to carry the low pressure
supply into the balance Cylinder direct and without communication with the water

page_text: actuating the balance ram in the Cylinder ram. In making a lift with the Elevator, the
working ram rises out of the water and thus loses power as it rises by the reduced
displacement, at the same time the Balance ram being forced into the water causes
a loss of power for a similar cause, and I compensate for these losses by the areas of
the several rams being duly proportioned. If the Balance Ram is five times the area
of the Working Ram and one fifth the stroke, I prefer to make the Cylinder Ram six
times the area of the Balance ram and thus multiply the effective pressure of the Water
supply six times, less loss due to friction and such causes, and so on, but I do not bind
myself to these proportions. The result of this increase of pressure is that a relatively
small Working ram is used with a low pressure water supply, and further, as the
Balance Cylinder descends the contained water becomes greater in quantity and
weight, and this increased weight being suspended from the balance ram increases the
pressure of the water in the Cylinder Ram and under the working ram as the elevator
rises, and if properly proportioned equalises the lifting power throughout the stroke. In
the balanco Cylinder there is an annular space around the Cylinder Ram always full
of water and forming a permanent load on the Balance ram; and in order to counter-
balance the permanent load of the Working Ram and Cage, or as much of it as is
required beyond that afforded by the weight of the Balance ram, the Balance Cylinder
and Connections, I so increase the diameter of the Balance Cylinder as to enable it to
hold a large permanent load of water, and in this way dispense with the whole or part
of the solid balance weight otherwise necessary as generally used. The suspension of
the Cylinder Ram by its top end and the arrangement of connected and movable
Balance Ram and Balance Cylinder as described are entirely novel.
In case it is required to save room, I make the Hydraulic Balance Concentric with
the Working Ram and Cylinder and only require one additional stuffing Box, at the
same time dispensing with the connecting pipe between the inside of the Cylinder ram
and the Working Cylinder. I effect this by inaking the working cylinder an extension
from the bottom of the fixed Cylinder ram, and turn so much of the upper part of the
Working cylinder as is necessary for the working of a stuffing box on the bottom of
the Balance ram watertight over the outside of the Cylinder ram. The working ram
passes up through the centre of the Working Cylinder the Cylinder ram, and the
balance ram which forms a continuation of the Working Cylinder, and the stuffing
box for the head of the Working Cylinder is made on the head of the movable balance
ram, and thus by the one additional stuffing box at the bottom of the Balance Cylinder
the whole Machine Elevator Working Cylinder and Hydraulic Balance can be made
Concentric. The fixed Cylinder ram, and the connected and Moving balance Ram and
Balance Cylinder suspended from the Balance Ram are also novel.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 are views partly in section of a direct lift hydraulic elevator
fitted with my improvements.
Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 1, shew the hydraulic balance adjacent to the lift.
Figures 3 and 4 Sheet 2, shew the balance concentric with the ram of the
hydraulic lift.
The letters of reference apply equally to each figure. A-is the well hole or shaft
of an elevator. B-is the car or cage. C-is the Elevator Ram of a stroke the full
height of lift. D-is the casing or cylinder in which ram C works, through
stuffing box of ordinary construction. Eis a well shaft or pit excavated in the ground
for Hydraulic Machinery. F is a hydraulic ram of a shorter stroke than C, but equal
cubical displacement, that is to say f being one fifth of the stroke of C it will be five
times the area of C, and so on, & is a hydraulic cylinder suspended by projections
from girders or other supports, and furnished with a stuffing box, through which F
works; G is also a ram being turned, on the outside to fit another cylinder, which
works over it. If the area of F is five times that of C, I prefer to make G six times
that of F. If F is six times C, G may be seven times F and so on. But these
proportions may be varied to suit special conditions. H is a casing or cylinder with
stuffing box enclosing and working on G, I is a cross head, resting on the head of F.
JJ are bolts or suspension rods for cylinder H from cross head I. K is a pipe.

page_text: communicating between cylinder C and cylinder D. L, is a pipe from the hydraulic
regulating valve to cylinder H carried through the annular space in G around F. M is a
hydraulic valve of any suitable construction for regulating the working of the
elevator; N is the supply pipe of water under pressure from elevated Tank, Town
main, accumulator or other source of supply. O is the return or waste water
pipe from elevator cylinder H.
In sheet 2. The pipe K is omitted and the cylinder D is bolted on the bottom of
cylinder G, as shown, cylinder H working over D by stuffing box.
The mode of operation of the several parts is as follows
When water under pressure is admitted by valve M and pipe L to the cylinder H, it
will force the cylinder H, downwards with a power dependent on the area of G and by
the connection of the rods J, J" force F down into G. The water displaced by F
is forced into D, and the ram C rises with the loaded or Empty Car. If the
relative areas of G and F are as six to one, then a pressure of 35 lbs. per square
inch acting through N on G and H should give, if friction is not taken into account,
210 lbs. per square inch on F and G, and thus the diameter of C, may be relatively
very small for the low pressure of the water supply.
When C is down its lifting power is greater than when up, by the weight of the
water displaced, as F descends into G it also loses power for the same reason, but
as H descends to draw down F and raise Cit becomes heavier from the contained
water increasing in quantity, and when the relative diameter of the several rams are
properly proportioned this increasing weight in H counterbalances the increasing
resistance of C and F; to equalize the lifting power throughout the stroke.
If the cylinder H is made much larger than required to contain the ram G, it will
hold a constant load of water. If the stroke of H is one fifth the stroke of C, the counter-
balance to the car B would have to be five times as heavy applied to H, than it would
if applied direct to the Car. Instead of using cast iron or other metal, or stone
balance weights, the whole or any part of the balance may be effected by increasing
the size of H to contain the necessary weight of water, and small weights may be
applied on I or H for final adjustment, and thus a great saving in cost is effected by
dispensing with the heavy and cumbersome balance weights generally used in such
elevators.
I would have it understood, that I do not claim all the details as novel, neither do I
confine myself to the exact arrangements shewn, some of which are for convenience of
explanation.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention
(as communicated to me from abroad) and in what manner the same is to be
performed, I declare that what I claim is:
1. The construction of a Hydraulic Elevator Balance, wherein the fixed ram of a
larger cylinder, forins the cylinder of a smaller ram, by suspending the large cylinder
or attaching it to the smaller ram, substantially as shewn.
2. The construction of the secondary or fixed cylinder ram of a Hydraulic Balance,
so proportioned to the smaller or contained one, as to bring about an uniform lifting
power on the Elevator ram throughout its stroke.
3. The construction of the moving or larger cylinder of an Hydraulic Balance, of
such capacity beyond that required for the working of the ram, as to contain a constant
body of water, to serve as a counterpoise to the whole or part of the weight of the Car
and its ram.

page_text: Date of Application, 29th July, 1886.
Complete Left, 23rd Apr., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 27th May, 1887.
[Communicated from abroad by NORMAN SELFE, of Sydney, in the Colony of New
South Wales, Engineer.]
I, CHARLES HENRY MCEWEN of the Firm of D. P. McEwen & Co. of 97 Cannon
Street London in the County of Middlesex, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a Hydraulic Balance for Direct Lift Hydraulic Elevators;
its object is threefold, but it may be used for one, or two or the whole of the
purposes to which it is adapted and which are, First to equalise the lifting power of
a direct hydraulic ram, or as I shall hereafter term it the Working Ram, of a direct
lift elevator, as such ram rises out of the Water and the displacement is reduced,
and to effect such equalization of lifting power without the use of Chains, ropes or
Cables, or other devices attached to the Car apart from the Ram. Secondly to obtain
relatively large lifting power from a ram of small diameter when the water supply is
at a relatively low pressure. Or to obtain all the advantages of smooth working and
freedom from shocks and jerks which are secured by large pipes and Valves and low
pressure, without requiring the large Working ram that would be necessary if the
water supply at low pressure acted direct on the Working Ram. Thirdly to apply
the weight of Water as a counter balance to the Constant load of Working Ram and
Cage instead of using solid weights as generally used.
My balance is constructed and arranged as follows.
The Cylinder of the Working Ram, or Working Cylinder, instead of being con-
nected to the water supply is connected to another Cylinder which is turned on the
outside to form a Ram, and which I term the Cylinder Ram. This Cylinder-Ram is
suspended from flanges or brackets at its upper end and has a stuffing box at its
head through which a Ram, which I term the Balance ram works. This balance ram
is of equal cubic displacement with the working ram; and the Working Cylinder and
the Cylinder ram having the requisite water in them, and the stuffing being tight ;
when one ram is forced down the other is forced up, and the water passes backwards
and forwards between the two Cylinders there being no loss of water, except from
leakage, to be made up.
The Cylinder-Ram has also working over it, and watertight on its turned outer
surface a larger Cylinder which I term the balance cylinder, and this balance Cylinder

page_text: is so connected to the Balance-Ram by rods, or otherwise, that they rise and fall
together; as the balance ram rises out of the Cylinder-Ram when the Working ram
descends then the Balance Cylinder rises up and encloses the Balance-Ram, and vico
versa. The supply of pressure or working water is made through a Suitable Elevator
valve to the Balance Cylinder, where acting on the bottom of the Cylinder-ram it
forces down the balance Cylinder and with it the Balance ram into the Cylinder ram,
and causes the Working ram to rise with a power proportional to the different areas
of the Balance Ram and Cylinder-ram, less loss due to friction and otherwise. As
the Balance Cylinder is movable, I can make a connection with a flexible pipe to the
Water Supply and Valve, but prefer to carry a pipe from the head of the Cylinder
Ram to the bottom in the annular space around the Working ram, so as to carry
the low pressure supply into the balance Cylinder direct and without communication
with the water actuating the balance ram in the Cylinder ram. In making a lift. with
the Elevator, the working ram rises out of the water and thus loses power as it
rises by the reduced displacement, at the same time the Balance ram being forced
into the water causes a loss of power for a similar cause, and I compensate for these
losses by the areas of the several rams being duly proportioned. If the Balance
Ram is five times the area of the Working Ram and one-fifth the stroke, I prefer
to make the Cylinder Ram six times the area of the Balance ram and thus multiply
the effective pressure of the Water supply six times less loss due to friction and such
causes, and so on, but I do not bind myself to these proportions. The result of this
increase of pressure is that a relatively small Working ram is used with a low
pressure water supply, and further, as the Balance Cylinder descends the contained
water becomes greater in quantity and weight, and this increased weight being
suspended from the balance ram increases the pressure of the water in the Cylinder Ram
and under the working ran as the elevator rises, and if properly proportioned equalises
the lifting power throughout the stroke. In the balance Cylinder there is an annular
space around the Cylinder Ram always full of water and forming a permanent load
on the Balance rain; and in order to counterbalance the permanent load of the
Working Ram and Cage, or as much of it as is required beyond that afforded by
the weight of the Balance ram, the Balance Cylinder and connections, I so increase
the diameter of the Balance Cylinder as to enable it to hold a larger permanent
load of water, and in this way dispense with the whole or part of the solid balance
weight otherwise necessary as generally used.-I propose to claim the Suspension of
the Cylinder Ram by its top end and the arrangement of connected and movable
Balance Ram and Balance Cylinder as described as entirely novel. In case it is
required to save room, I make the Hydraulic Balance Concentric with the Working
ram and Cylinder and only require one additional stuffing Box, at the same time
dispensing with the connecting pipe between the inside of the Cylinder ram and the
Working cylinder. I effect this by making the working cylinder an extension from
the bottom of the fixed Cylinder ram, and turn so much of the upper part of the
Working Cylinder as is necessary for the working of a stuffing box on the bottom of
the Balance ram watertight over the outside of the Cylinder ram. The working ram
passes up through the centre of the Working Cylinder the Cylinder ram, and the
Balance ram which forms a continuation of the Working Cylinder, and the stuffing
box for the head of the Working Cylinder is made on the head of the movable Balance
ram, and thus by the one additional stuffing box at the bottom of the Balance Cylinder
the whole Machine Elevator Working Cylinder and Hydraulic Balance can be made
Concentric. I also propose to claim the Fixed Cylinder ram, and the connected and
Moving Balance Ram and Balance Cylinder suspended from the Balance Ram.

page_text: A Communication from NORMAN SELFE, of Sydney, in the Colony of New South
Wales, Engineer.
I, CHARLES HENRY MCEWEN of the Firm of D. P. McEwen & Co. of 97 Cannon
Street London in the County of Middlesex, Merchant do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This Invention relates to a Hydraulic Balance for Direct Lift Hydraulic Elevators;
its object is threefold, but it may be used for one, or two or the whole of the purposes
to which it is adapted and which are, First to equaliso the lifting power of a direct
hydraulic ram, or as I shall hereafter term it the Working Ram, of a direct lift elevator,
as such ram rises out of the water and the displacement is reduced, and to effect such
equalization of lifting power without the use of Chains, ropes, or Cables, or other
devices attached to the Car apart from the Ram. Secondly to obtain relatively large
lifting power from a ram of small diameter when the water supply is at a relatively
low pressure. Or to obtain all the advantages of smooth working and freedom from
shocks and jerks which are secured by large pipes and Valves and low pressure,
without requiring the large working ram that would be necessary if the water supply
at low pressure acted direct on the Working Ram. Thirdly to apply the weight of
water as a counter balance to the constant load of Working Ram and Cage instead of
using solid weights as generally used.
My balance is constructed and arranged as follows.
The Cylinder of the working Ram, or Working Cylinder, instead of being connected
to the water supply is connected to another Cylinder which is turned on the outside to
form a Ram, and which I term the Cylinder Ram. This Cylinder-Ram is suspended
from flanges or brackets at its upper end and has a stuffing box at its head through
which a Ram, which I term the balance ram works. This balance ram is of equal
cubic displacement with the working ram; and the Working Cylinder and the Cylinder
ram having the requisite water in them, and the stuffing being tight; when one
ram is forced down the other is forced up, and the water passes backwards and
forwards between the two cylinders there being no loss of water, except from leakage,
to be made up.
The Cylinder-Ram has also working over it, and watertight on its turned outer
surface a larger Cylinder which I term the balance cylinder, and this balance Cylinder
is so connected to the Balance-Ram by rods, or otherwise, that they rise and fall
together; as the balance ram rises out of the Cylinder-Ram when the working ram
descends then the Balance Cylinder rises up and encloses the Balance-Ram, and vice-
versa. The supply of pressure or working water is made through a suitable Elevator
valve to the balance Cylinder, where acting in the bottom of the Cylinder ram it forces
down the balance Cylinder and with it the Balance ram into the Cylinder ram, and
causes the Working ram to rise with a power proportional to the different areas of the
Balance Ram and Cylinder Ram, less loss due to friction and otherwise. As the
Balance Cylinder is movable, I can make a connection with a flexible pipe to the water
supply and Valve but prefer to carry a pipe from the head of a cylinder ram to the
bottom in the annular space around the working ram, so as to carry the low pressure
supply into the balance Cylinder direct and without communication with the water

page_text: actuating the balance ram in the Cylinder ram. In making a lift with the Elevator, the
working ram rises out of the water and thus loses power as it rises by the reduced
displacement, at the same time the Balance ram being forced into the water causes
a loss of power for a similar cause, and I compensate for these losses by the areas of
the several rams being duly proportioned. If the Balance Ram is five times the area
of the Working Ram and one fifth the stroke, I prefer to make the Cylinder Ram six
times the area of the Balance ram and thus multiply the effective pressure of the Water
supply six times, less loss due to friction and such causes, and so on, but I do not bind
myself to these proportions. The result of this increase of pressure is that a relatively
small Working ram is used with a low pressure water supply, and further, as the
Balance Cylinder descends the contained water becomes greater in quantity and
weight, and this increased weight being suspended from the balance ram increases the
pressure of the water in the Cylinder Ram and under the working ram as the elevator
rises, and if properly proportioned equalises the lifting power throughout the stroke. In
the balance Cylinder there is an annular space around the Cylinder Ram always full
of water and forming a permanent load on the Balance ram; and in order to counter-
balance the permanent load of the Working Ram and Cage, or as much of it as is
required beyond that afforded by the weight of the Balance ram, the Balance Cylinder
and Connections, I so increase the diameter of the Balance Cylinder as to enable it to
hold a large permanent load of water, and in this way dispense with the whole or part
of the solid balance weight otherwise necessary as generally used. The suspension of
the Cylinder Ram by its top end and the arrangement of connected and movable
Balance Ram and Balance Cylinder as described are entirely novel.
In case it is required to save room, I make the Hydraulic Balance Concentric with
the Working Ram and Cylinder and only require one additional stuffing Box, at the
same time dispensing with the connecting pipe between the inside of the Cylinder ram
and the Working Cylinder. I effect this by making the working cylinder an extension
from the bottom of the fixed Cylinder ram, and turn so much of the upper part of the
Working cylinder as is necessary for the working of a stuffing box on the bottom of
the Balance ram watertight over the outside of the Cylinder ram. The working ram
passes up through the centre of the Working Cylinder the Cylinder ram, and the
balance ram which forms a continuation of the Working Cylinder, and the stuffing
box for the head of the Working Cylinder is made on the head of the movable balance
ram, and thus by the one additional stuffing box at the bottom of the Balance Cylinder
the whole Machine Elevator Working Cylinder and Hydraulic Balance can be made
Concentric. The fixed Cylinder ram, and the connected and Moving balance Ram and
Balance Cylinder suspended from the Balance Ram are also novel.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 are views partly in section of a direct lift hydraulic elevator
fitted with my improvements.
Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 1, shew the hydraulic balance adjacent to the lift.
Figures 3 and 4 Sheet 2, shew the balance concentric with the ram of the
hydraulic lift.
The letters of reference apply equally to each figure. A-is the well hole or shaft
of an elevator. B-is the car or cage. C-is the Elevator Ram of a stroke the full
height of lift. D-is the casing or cylinder in which ram C works, through
stuffing box of ordinary construction. E-is a well shaft or pit excavated in the ground
for Hydraulic Machinery. F is a hydraulic ram of a shorter stroke than C, but equal
cubical displacement, that is to say being one fifth of the stroke of C it will be five
times the area of C, and so on, & is a hydraulic cylinder suspended by projections
from girders or other supports, and furnished with a stuffing box, through which F
works; G is also a ram being turned, on the outside to fit another cylinder, which
works over it. If the area of F is five times that of C, I prefer to make G six times
that of F. If F is six times C, G may be seven times F and so on. But these
proportions may be varied to suit special conditions. H is a casing or cylinder with
stuffing box enclosing and working on G, I is a cross head, resting on the head of F.
JJ are bolts or suspension rods for cylinder H from cross bead I. K is a pipe

page_text: communicating between cylinder C and cylinder D. L, is a pipe from the hydraulic
regulating valve to cylinder H carried through the annular space in G around F. M is a
hydraulic valve of any suitable construction for regulating the working of the
elevator; N is the supply pipe of water under pressure from elevated Tank, Town
main, accumulator or other source of supply. O is the return or waste water
pipe from elevator cylinder H.
In sheet 2. The pipe K is omitted and the cylinder D is bolted on the bottom of
cylinder G, as shown, cylinder H working over D by stuffing box.
The mode of operation of the several parts is as follows :-
When water under pressure is admitted by valve M and pipe L to the cylinder H, it
will force the cylinder H, downwards with a power dependent on the area of G and by
the connection of the rods J, J" force F down into G. The water displaced by F
is forced into D, and the ram Crises with the loaded or Empty Car. If the
relative areas of G and F are as six to one, then a pressure of 35 lbs. per square
inch acting through N on G and H should give, if friction is not taken into account,
210 lbs. per square inch on F and G, and thus the diameter of C, may be relatively
very small for the low pressure of the water supply.
When C is down its lifting power is greater than when up, by the weight of the
water displaced, as F descends into G it also loses power for the same reason, but
as H descends to draw down F and raise Cit becomes heavier from the contained
water increasing in quantity, and when the relative diameter of the several rams are
properly proportioned this increasing weight in H counterbalances the increasing
resistance of C and F; to equalize the lifting power throughout the stroke.
If the cylinder H is made much larger than required to contain the ram G, it will
hold a constant load of water. If the stroke of H is one fifth the stroke of C, the counter-
balance to the car B would have to be five times as heavy applied to H, than it would
if applied direct to the Car. Instead of using cast iron or other metal, or stone
balance weights, the whole or any part of the balance may be effected by increasing
the size of H to contain the necessary weight of water, and small weights may be
applied on I or H for final adjustment, and thus a great saving in cost is effected by
dispensing with the heavy and cumbersome balance weights generally used in such
elevators.
I would have it understood, that I do not claim all the details as novel, neither do I
confine myself to the exact arrangements shewn, some of which are for convenience of
explanation.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention
(as communicated to me from abroad) and in what manner the same is to be
performed, I declare that what I claim is:
1. The construction of a Hydraulic Elevator Balance, wherein the fixed ram of a
larger cylinder, forms the cylinder of a smaller ram, by suspending the large cylinder
or attaching it to the smaller ram, substantially as shown.
2. The construction of the secondary or fixed cylinder ram of a Hydraulic Balance,
so proportioned to the smaller or contained one, as to bring about an uniform lifting
power on the Elevator ram throughout its stroke.
3. The construction of the moving or larger cylinder of an Hydraulic Balance, of
such capacity beyond that required for the working of the ram, as to contain a constant
body of water, to serve as a counterpoise to the whole or part of the weight of the Car
and its ram.