IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BOILING FATS, OILS, AND BONES WHEREBY TO NEUTRALISE AND AVOID THE ESCAPE OF NOXIOUS GASES
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Barratt, of Earl Street, Bristol, in the
County of Gloucester, Tallow Merchant, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BOILING FATS, OILS, AND BONES WHEREBY TO
NEUTRALISE AND AVOID THE ESCAPE OF NOXIOUS GASES."
Sealed the 16th August 1867, and dated the 25th February 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Barratt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
February 1867.
I, WILLIAM BARRATT, of Earl Street, Bristol, in the County of Gloucester,
Tallow Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BOILING FATS, OILS, AND BONES, WHEREBY TO
NEUTRALIZE AND AVOID THE ESCAPE OF NOXIOUS GASES," to be as follows:-
My improvements in apparatus for boiling fat and like matters consist in
making the boiling pan a close vessel and furnishing it with a tube or channel,
by which the vapours and noxious gases evolved in the processes are con-
ducted away to a condenser whereby they are condensed and rendered
innocuous.
The operation of boiling may be effected by the direct heat of a fire,
or by the introduction of steam at the requisite pressure amongst the
fatty or bony matters, the boiler being the same as usual, excepting that it
bas a close dome or top.

page_text: The condenser consists of a vessel having a perforated false bottom some
inches above the close bottom; it also has a perforated diaphragm near the top,
the space between the perforated diaphragms is filled with coke or charcoal, while
a pipe for the supply of water is disposed above; the water distributes itself
over the upper perforated diaphragm, through which it passes on to the coke
or charcoal below, and escaping by a tap from the chamber below the false
bottom. The pipe or channel leading from the close boiler I make of con-
siderable length, and dispose therein bodies of coke, through which the vapours
have to pass. Two such bodies I find sufficient, one towards that part of the
channel near the boiler, another near its connection with the condenser, with
which it communicates near the false bottom. The steam and vapours
arising from the boiling fat are thus prevented escaping, and are conducted
amongst the saturated coke or charcoal, in rising through which they become
condensed and pass off with the water below, any escape from the top of the
condenser being innocuous and imperceptible.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Barratt in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
24th August 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
BARRATT, of Earl Street, Bristol, in the County of Gloucester, Tallow
Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS most Her. Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Barratt, Her special licence that I, the said William Barratt;
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
William Barratt, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR BOILING FATS, OILS, AND BONES WHEREBY TO NEUTRALIZE AND
AVOID THE ESCAPE OF NOXIOUS GASES," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said William Barratt, my executors, or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,

page_text: should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Barratt, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed;
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
My improvements in apparatus for boiling fat and like matters consist in
making the boiling pan a close vessel and furnishing it with a tube or channel
by which the vapours and noxious gases evolved in the process are conducted
away to a condenser, whereby they are condensed and rendered innocuous.
The operation of boiling may be effected by the direct heat of
fire or by
the introduction of steam at the requisite pressure amongst the fatty or bony
matters, the boiler being the same as usual, excepting that it has a close
dome or top.
.
The condenser consists of a vessel having a perforated false bottom some
inches above the close bottom; it also has a perforated diaphragm near the top,
the space between the perforated diaphragms is filled with coke or charcoal,
while a pipe for the supply of water is disposed above; the water distributes
itself over the upper perforated diaphragm, through which it passes on to the
coke or charcoal below, and escaping by a tap from the chamber below the
false bottom. The pipe leading from the close boiler I make of considerable
length and dispose therein bodies of coke or charcoal, through which the
vapours from the boiler have to pass; two such bodies I find sufficient, one
towards that part of the channel near the boiler, another near its connection
with the condenser, with which it communicates near the false bottom; by
these means the steam and vapours arising from the boiling fat are prevented
from escaping, and are conducted amongst the saturated coke or charcoal, in
rising through which they become condensed and pass off with the water
below, any escape from the top of the condenser being innocuous and
imperceptible.

page_text: steam introduced by a pipe B, or the vat may be heated directly by means of
a fire if desired; C is a closed chamber or cover, placed over the vat A, into
which the vapours and noxious gases evolved by the boiling process rise, and
thence pass away through a pipe or channel D to be condensed and rendered
innocuous; this pipe D may be of considerable length, and is filled at points a
and b with coke, through which the vapours and exhalations are caused to
pass before reaching the condenser F; this condensing chamber is provided
with a perforated false bottom G some inches above the close bottom, and has
also another perforated diaphragm H placed near the top, the space between
G and H being filled with coke or charcoal, on to which water is distributed by
a rose head connected with a pipe I above the condenser through the upper
perforated diaphragm G; the water so supplied permeates through the porous
substances contained in the condenser until it reaches the lower diaphragm H,
through which it runs into the bottom of the condenser F, whence it may be
drawn off by a cock K. The effect of thus saturating the coke or other
material will be to condense the vapours from the boiler A which enter the
condenser F by pipe D at the lower part, the said pipe being also filled at
point b with the porous substance to assist in the purification of the vapours.
The steam and vapours so condensed are carried away by the water passing
through to the bottom of the condenser F, to be there drawn off by the cock
K, as before mentioned, and any escape at the top of the condenser will be
quite innocuous and inoffensive.
Having described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I declare that what I claim as my Invention to be protected
by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, boiling or treating bones,
oils, and fatty matters in a close vessel, and collecting and condensing the
vapours in the manner and for the purposes herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Barratt, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
WILLIAM BARRATT. (L.S.).