IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RING SPINNING FRAMES AND SPINDLES
Year: 1885

page_text: I, HERBERT JOHN ALLISON, of the firm of Allison Brothers, Patent Agents, of
52 Chancery Lane, London, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RING
SPINNING FRAMES AND SPINDLES," which invention has been communicated to
me from abroad by Charles Henry Chapman of Groton, Massachusetts, United
States of America, Machinist, to be as follows:—
The object of my invention is to provide a construction whereby the guide wire
now in use may be entirely omitted, and by extending the thread, from the tip of
the spindle, directly back in a straight line, to the front rolls, the twist will be
enabled to run back to the rolls without restraint, and the thread will then receive
its full twist at the instant that it is delivered in front of the rolls and before any
peceptible strain shall be applied to it. The great advantages which result from
thus twisting the thread are too well known to any practical spinnor to need
description.
In order to accomplish these results I first provide a spindle having the usual
construction throughout with the exception of the tip which I make somewhat
longer than usual, and extend it upward through the bobbin about two inches. In
the place of the guide wire, I hinge to the frame a thread guard which shall loosely
encircle the spindle tip, and may be allowed to act as a steadying bearing for the
tip if desired. It may also be left entirely open in front, or completely encircle the
tip with the exception of a narrow vertical opening on one side to admit the thread
to the tip. The purpose of this thread guard is to direct and maintain the thread
in proper relation to the tip of the spindle, as hereinafter described. In order to
better allow the thread to pass through and below such guard, without being
chafed between the surfaces of the spindle tip and guard, the tip is centrally
drilled, in the direction of its length, downward to a point below the surrounding
thread guard, rendering the tip tubular in form; the walls of this tubular tip are
then cut or slotted through to the hollow centre, on one or more opposite sides;
[Price 821

page_text: such slots beginning at a point below the thread guard, and being carried backward
in relation to the direction of rotation, and upward in a spiral or diagonal course,
and emerging at the top of the hollow tip, at about a quarter turn backward from
the line of the starting point. The right hand side of each slot is then gradually
cut away as it approaches the top, and the slot is therefore correspondingly wider
above than below. The object of thus widening the slots being described hereafter.
By this construction, the thread,. in its course from the front rolls to the traveller,
is delivered by the thread guard into the hollow centre of the spindle tip, and
passing downward therein, emerges through one of the open slots, at a point below
the surrounding thread guard from whence it passes to the traveller which it
engages in the ordinary manner.
.
It is to be observed that the construction of the slots in the walls of the hollow
tip, in a backward spiral course, constitutes one of the important. features of my
invention, for the reason that when spinning the traveller, as it falls back to wind
the thread upon the bobbin, gradually falls behind the line of the slot above, from
which the thread is emerging, and the thread would therefore become wound
around the tip were it not for the fact that, at one point in the revolution, the
back ward draft from the traveller to the slot, due to the falling back of the
traveller, will gradually coincide with the constant backward draft from the spindle
tip to the front rolls, until, finally, the two forces will co-operate to draw the thread
entirely out of the hollow tip and slot, and into the opening in the thread guard,
which opening is purposely located at the point where the above described
co-operation will take place. The thread then being outside of the spindle tip for
the moment the thread will not be carried forward with the tip, but the tip will
run ahead, and the traveller below will also go forward until, when opposite the
point where it co-operated to draw the thread out, the direction of its draft in
relation to the tip above will be reversed, and it will co-operate to draw the thread
back into the surrounding slot and into hollow centre of the tip, as at first, and
thus the tip has gained one half a revolution on the thread, and the thread has
been prevented from winding around the spindle as the traveller fell back to the
wind. The traveller is, therefore, able to automatically regulate and control the
position of the thread at the spindle tip, and maintain the two points in propor
relation to each other at all times. It will, therefore, be seen at once that the slots
in the hollow tip are formed in a backward spiral, or diagonal course, in order that
the thread may be more freely drawn out from the hollow centre, when acted upon
by the co-operation of the two forces, as described, and also more freely drawn back
again, when the direction of one of such forces is reversed.
The spiral form also serves to prevent the thread from being thrown out of the
hollow centre of the tip by the swell of the thread, when running at high speed.
It is also to be observed that the location of the opening in the thread guard, at
the particular point described, constitutes another important feature of my device,
for it, thus, presents an unoccupied space into which the thread is drawn, and
where it will not be rubbed or chafed while outside its normal position, in the
hollow centre.

page_text: Improvement in the Manufacture of Ring Spinning Frames
and Spindles.
-
I, HERBERT JOHN ALLISON, of the firm of Allison Brothers, Patent Agents, of
52 Chancery Lane, London, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RING
SPINNING FRAMES AND SPINDLES,"-which invention has been communicated to
me from abroad by Charles Henry Chapman of Groton, Massachusetts, United
States of America, Machinist, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of my invention is to provide a construction whereby the guide wire
now in use may be entirely omitted, and by extending the thread, from the tip of
the spindle, directly back in a straight line, to the front rolls, the twist will be
enabled to run back to the rolls without restraint, and the thread will then receive
its full twist at the instant that it is delivered in front of the rolls and before any
perceptible strain shall be applied to it. The great advantages which result from
thus twisting the thread are too well known to every practical spinner to need
description.
In order to accomplish these results I first provide a spindle having the usual
construction throughout with the exception of the tip which I make somewhat
longer than usual, and extend it upward through the bobbin about two inches.
In the place of the guide wire, I hinge to the frame a thread guard which shall
loosely encircle the spindle tip, and may be allowed to act as a steadying bearing
for the tip if desired. It may also be left entirely open in front, or completely
encircle the tip with the exception of a narrow vertical opening on one side to
admit the thread to the tip. The purpose of this thread guard is to direct and
maintain the thread in proper relation to the tip of the spindle, as hereinafter
described. In order to better allow the thread to pass through and below such
guard, without being chafed between the surfaces of the spindle tip and guard, the
tip is centrally drilled, in the direction of its length, downward to a point below
the surrounding thread guard, rendering the tip tubular in form; the walls of this
tubular tip are then cut or slotted through to the hollow centre, on one or more
opposite sides; such slots beginning at a point below the thread guard, and being
carried backward in relation to the direction of rotation, and upward in a spiral or
diagonal course, and emerging at the top of the hollow tip, at about a quarter turn
backward from the line of the starting point. The right hand side of each slot is
then gradually cut away as it approaches the top, and the slot is therefore
correspondingly wider above than below. The object of thus widening the slots
being described hereafter. By this construction, the thread, in its course from the
front rolls to the traveller, is delivered by the thread guard into the hollow centre
of the spindle tip, and passing downward therein, emerges through one of the open

page_text: slots, at a point below the surrounding thread guard from whence it passes to the
traveller which it engages in the ordinary manner.
It is to be observed that the construction of the slots in the walls of the hollow
tip, in a backward spiral course, constitutes one of the important features of my
invention, for the reason that when spinning the traveller, as it falls back to wind
the thread upon the bobbin, gradually falls behind the line of the slot above, from
which the thread is emerging, and the thread would therefore become wound
around the tip were it not for the fact that, at one point in the revolution, the
backward draft from the traveller to the slot, due to the falling back of the
traveller, will gradually coincide with the constant backward draft. from the spindle
tip to the front rolls, until, finally, the two forces will cooperate to draw the
thread entirely out of the hollow tip and slot, and into the opening in the thread
guard, which opening is purposely located at the point where the above described
co-operation will take place. The thread then being outside of the spindle tip for
the moment the thread will not be carried forward with the tip, but the tip will run
abead, and the traveller below will also go forward until, when opposite the point
where it co-operated to draw the thread out, the direction of its draft in relation to
the tip above will be reversed, and it will co-operate to draw the thread back into
the surrounding slot and into hollow centre of the tip, as at first, and thus the tip
has gained one half a revolution on the thread, and the thread has been provented
from winding around the spindle as the traveller fell back to the wind. The
traveller is, therefore, able to automatically regulate and control the position of
the thread at the spindle tip, and maintain the two points in proper relation to
each other at all times. It will, therefore, be seen at once that the slots in the
hollow tip are formed in a backward spiral, or diagonal course, in order that the
thread may be more freely drawn out from the hollow centre, when acted upon by
the co-operation of the two forces, as described, and also more freely drawn back
again, when the direction of one of such forces is reversed.
The spiral form also serves to prevent the thread from being thrown out of the
hollow centre of the tip by the swell of the thread, when running at high speed.
It is also to be observed that the location of the opening in the thread guard, at
the particular point described, constitutes another important feature of my devico,
for it, thus, presents an unoccupied space into which the thread is drawn, and
where it will not be rubbed or chafed while outside its normal position, in the
hollow centre.
Referring to the accompanying drawings which illustrate the construction of my
improvement in detail; Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a portion of a spinning
frame, showing the relative position of the spindle, ring and traveller, thread,
thread guard, and front rolls.
Figure 2, a top view of the thread guards and spindle tips.
Figure 3 a section on the dotted line in Figure 2.
In Figure 1 it will be seen that the spindle A extends upward through the
bobbin, and enters the opening o in the thread guard B, which loosely encircles the
spindle tip. The tip is centrally drilled, as shown at a Figure 2, downward, about
one half an inch, forming the tip into a tube. The walls of this tube are cut or
opened through to the hollow centre by one or more spiral slots b extending back-
ward and upward, as shown. The right hand edge or lip of each slot is gradually
cut away, as it approaches the top, giving that side an easy rolling curve or cam
shape. Should the direction of rotation be reversed, as in twisting, the spiral
course of the slots, and the form of the thread guards would be correspondingly
reversed. The object of thus forming the right hand side of the spiral slots being
to allow the lip to pass more easily under the thread, on the back side, at the
point g, which it must do at each revolution, and also that it may operate to roll
the thread into the hollow center of the tip, after having been drawn out from such
centre by the traveller, as before described, and as illustrated by the dotted lines p²,
showing the change in the position of the traveller, due to its falling back to wind,

page_text: and the consequent change in the direction of its draft which then coincides with
the draft to the rolls, and the two co-operate to draw the thread out from its
normal position, in the hollow centre, to the position shown by the dotted
line
P: : and it is to assist the traveller in returning the thread to such normal
position that the side of the spiral slot is thus formed. This peculiarity of form,
therefore, constitutes another important feature of my invention.
The guard B is adjustably attached to the arm C, by means of the screw c.
The arm C is hinged on the horizontal rod E, and may be thrown back for the
purpose of doffing.
The rod E extends across the entire side of the frame, to which it is attached
by bracketted bearings, and is rotated, in its bearings, by means of the hand
lever D. A pin, or stud e, projects from the rod, between the alternate thread
guards, and when the rod is rotated backward, the pin engages the shoulders t, t,
formed on the adjacent ends of the arms C, C, and the arms and thread guards
are rotated back with the rod. When the rod is rotated forward again, the pin e
engages the shoulder &, Figure 1, and the arm with its thread guard is returned to
its former position. By this construction, each thread guard may be thrown back
independently, by the hand, or the entire side, simultaneously, by the rotation of
the rod. The rods on both sides of the frame may be connected by means of a
gear and pinion, or other convenient dovice, whereby both sides may be operated
.by one lever.
A tail piece i is formed on the back of the arm C, and projects backward under
the board f, and, between such tail piece and board, is placed a circular canı-shaped
rest, or stop h, attached to the under side of the board, and adapted to be rotated,
on the screw 8, which holds it to the board. The tail piece presses upward against
the rest which acts as a stop, and the rest being thicker on one side thau the other,
as shown in Figures 1 and 3, the thread guard B may be elevated or depressed, by
the rotation of the rest on the screw, and the guard, thus adjusted to the spindle
tip. The opening o in the thread guard is funnel shaped, on the under side, such
funnel serving to direct the tip of the spindle into the opening, when the guard is
dropped down. The vertical opening n, in the side of the thread guard B admits
the thread to the spindle tip when piecing up.
It is not essential that the thread guard shall encircle the tip, as shown at B,
Figure 2, but it may be left open, as shown at B¹, if preferred. It is essential,
however, that the open side of the guard be located, at a point in relation to tho
tip and front rolls, about as shown, as that is the only point, or quarter in the
revolution where the thread will be drawn out from the hollow centre of the
spindle tip, as before described.
It is to be observed, however, that the exact point where the thread will be
drawn out will vary as the direction of the slot is made more or less spiral, as for
instance, if the slot were made straight, the thread would be drawn out on the
back side, as shown by the dotted line W, and would then remain in that position,
as the lip r would not pass under it and return it to the hollow centre, and as the
traveller fell back to wind, the thread would become wound around the tip until
broken by the strain. On the other hand, if the slot was made more spiral, the
thread would be drawn out at a point more nearly in front, and would not be
returned to the hollow centre as freely as when constructed as shown.
I wish it understood that I do not limit myself to the application of a thread
guard to a spindle tip drilled and slotted as shown, but I claim broadly, the appli-
cation in a Ring Spinning Frame, of a hinged thread guard applied to the spindle
tip, for the purpose of directing and maintaining the thread in a direct line from the
front rolls to such tip, as I am able to put in the twist at the front rolls, and wind
successfully on coarse numbers, with the aid of the thread guard applied to a solid
tip of ordinary form. The hollow slotted tip is superior, however, and on fine
filling yarns, its advantages are very marked as it effectually protects the thread
from being chafed while passing through the guard, and insures a full twist at the
front rolls at all times.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
First. In a ring spinning frame, a spindle having a tubular tip, provided with
bne or more spiral slots formed through the walls of such tip, combined with a
thread guard, loosely encircling the spindle tip, and provided with a vertical
opening for the adjustment of the thread to the spindle tip, substantially as
set forth.
Second. In a ring spinning frame, a thread guard adapted to loosely encircle the
tip of the spindle, and provided with a vertical opening for the adjustment of the
thread to such tip, and adapted to be raised or thrown back, for the purpose of
doffing, combined with a spindle having its tip centrally drilled, and spirally
slotted, as set forth.
Third. A spindle tip centrally drilled, and spirally slotted, and having the right
hand side of such spiral slots gradually cut away, and curved backward, as it
approaches the top, combined with a thread guard, loosely encircling the spindle
tip, and adapted to direct the thread into the hollow centre of such tip, as set
forth.
Fourth. In a ring spinning frame, a series of thread guards, one for the tip of
each spindle, hinged to a common supporting rod, and each adapted to be raised
or thrown back independently, by the hand or all simultaneously by the rotation
of the supporting rod, as set forth.
Fifth. In a ring spinning frame, a spindle having its tip centrally drilled, and
spirally slotted, as described, combined with a thread guard encircling such tip,
and adapted to direct the thread into the hollow centre thereof, and provided
with a vertical opening for the adjustment of the thread to the tip; such opening
being located in relation to the spindle tip, at a point substantially as shown and
described.
Sixth. In a ring spinning frame, a thread guard applied to the spindle tip, and
adapted to be rotated backward as described, and provided with a backward
extension, or tail piece, combined with an adjustable stop attached to the frame,
and adapted to arrest the rotation of the thread guard, and adjust it to a proper
level, as set forth.
Seventh. That improvement in Ring Spinning Frames which consists in extend-
ing the spindle tip upward, through and above the bobbin, to a point, substantially
as shown, and applying to such tip a hinged thread guard adapted to receive the
tip, and to direct and maintain the thread in a direct line from the front rolls to
such tip, as set forth.