Improvements in Means or Apparatus for Forming and Manufacturing Articles of Glass.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Mar., 1899-Accepted, 27th May, 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Means or Apparatus for Forming and
Manufacturing Articles of Glass.
I, IRVING WHITMAN COLBURN, of 531, Laskey Avenue, Toledo, in the County of
Jucas, State of Ohio, United States of America, Electrical and Mechanical
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
My invention relates to a novel means or apparatus for carrying into operation
a new mechanical method of forming and manufacturing articles of glass, such as
have heretofore been made by blowing in connection with sectional molds, either
purely by manual process or in conjunction with machinery. By my present
method I dispense with molds, and form the article by means of rolls or moving
formers, the surfaces of which move in contact with the plastic glass, and thus
model, shape and form the article while cooling. The plastic glass while in contact
with these formers may be rotated on its axis, either in the same direction in
which the formers are moving, or in the opposite direction, with similar or different
speeds, and the formers may be either positively rotated or allowed to rotate by
trictional contact with the rotating mass of glass Or the glass itself may be held
stationary, in which case the formers must be revolved about the glass in addition
ie having a rotatory motion on their own axes. In the accompanying drawings the
surfaces of the glass and the formers where the two would come in contact would,
by the arrangement of gearing shown, be travelling in the same direction. In
conjunction with these formers I commonly employ a gathering iron, preferably
made tubular to serve as a blow iron, or blow pipe, in the usual form, the glass
being gathered as heretofore on the end of the gathering iron, and expanded by
air sent under pressure through said tubular iron or by centrifugal force generated
by the revolution of said iron, or by both in conjunction, the exterior walls of the
article being at the same time shaped, modeled or fashioned by contact with the
above mentioned revolving rolls or formers of the proper configuration to give the
requisite shape to the article, the entire operation being carried on by machinery
presently to be described, so that highly skilled manual labor is dispensed with,
only sufficient skill being required to place and remove the blow irons, to previously
gather and slightly manipulate the amount of glass requisite to form the article
being manufactured, and to start the machine.
The object of the herein described invention is to produce articles of glass such
as have hitherto been made by molding in conjunction with blowing, by the appli-
cation of a new principle and mode of operation in this art, to wit, the modeling
and shaping of the article by rolling or moving pressure, in distinction from the
static pressure of the mold; by this means all possibility of a fin is avoided, stria
and wrinkles on the surfaces due to contraction in contact with a chilling surface
are obviated being ironed out under the moving contact surfaces, the glass is
homogeneously kneaded and compressed throughout its mass as its cools, thus
obviating strains, and larger articles than hitherto produced in molds by machinery,
can successfully be essayed, since the drag or friction in the mold, during contrac-

page_text: tion in cooling, causing strice and twisting strains, and cleavage lines along which
fracture occurs under the old method, are obviated. I can attempt articles of any
size, such as have hitherto required highly skilled manual labor for their production.
Objects of various shapes other than cylindrical may also be produced, as shown
in the accompanying drawings, by means of formers of modified shape, and any
ornamentation or lettering, either raised or depressed, may be impressed
upon the same, with a sharpness comparable to that of articles made in
static molds, under the repeated impressions made by the revolving formers upon
the plastic and cooling glass. All this is done with one heating of glass, and by
automatic machinery, the only skill required being sufficient to gather a proper
amount of glass on the gathering iron, properly manipulate the same to give it
the initial form, slightly expand the mass by blowing, place the iron in its seat,
and start the machine.
In the drawings forming a part of this specification, Fig. 1 is a side elevation,
partly in section, showing the apparatus at a midway stage of the operation, with
blow iron in position, a gathering of glass attached and manipulated, rolls upright
and closed around the glass, the shaping of which has just been completed, air
blast just shut off, and lifting cam in position to enter upon the series of operations
which releases the blow iron and seperates the rolls prior to the automatic stoppage
of the movements of the mechanism, permitting the removal of the blow iron
and the article attached.
Fig. 2 is a side elevation of a portion of the device shown in Fig. 1, showing
the main frame from the opposite side so as to exhibit the air regulating
mechanism.
Fig. is an enlarged view of the cylindrical rack.
Fig. 4 is a plan view of the base of the machine, showing the rolls thrown apart
and resting in the tank, before the starting of the machine.
Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional view of the base of the machine with the parts
in position corresponding to that of Fig. 5.
Fig. 6 is an enlarged sectional view of the extreme end of the overhanging arm
of the frame which sustains the blow iron, and means for rotating the latter, and
supplying air.
Fig. is a view of the same part as in Fig. 6, from the end.
Fig. 8 is a sectional view of the rotary former, with operating gear and radius
I'm.
Fig. 9 is a view of the device shown in Fig. 8, at right angles thereto.
Like numerals refer to like parts in the several figures.
Referring to the drawings, 1 represents the base of the machine, cored for
lightness and mounted for portability and convenience of moving on truck wheels 80,
the front wheel being swivelled as at 81. Upon said base 1 is mounted the
upright main standard 2, having overhanging arm 3, which supports the vertical
hollow shaft or air spindle 4, from which the blow iron derives rotary motion, and
a supply of air, together with means for imparting such rotary motion said air
spindle (levers 82, 83, collar 84), and means for supplying air to said blown iron
thro' said air spindle (pipes 85, 86, 87, air chamber 88, and air generating
mechanism 58). 89 is the terminus of overhanging arm 3, containing air box 88
and rotary shaft or air spindle +. 90 is a clutch on the lower end of air spindle 4,
of ordinary construction, for retaining and rotating the blow iron, thro' which
clutch the air is transmitted. 91 is the blow iron, supported in upright position
by arms 10, 11, sustained on the main standard 2. It has the usual enlargement 12
for supporting the iron in its seat on arm 11.
Motive power for actuating the several movements, including the generation
and automatic regulation of the supply of air, &c., is furnished from any convenient
source, but preferably from an electric motor, which is represented by 133, standing
on a bracket arm 14, which bracket also sustains the air generator. This motor 5
receives current from an outside source and transmits its power thro' the worm 15
on shaft 16, worm gear 17 and clutch 71 to main shaft 93, from which is transmitted

page_text: all the movements required in the operation of the machine. Main standard 2 is
recessed at 18 to accommodate gear 17. At the top of the machine, as before
stated, are located the bevel gears 5, 6, 7, 8 and shaft 9, for transmitting rotary
motion to the air spindle 4. In like mann.r provision is made for imparting
rotary motion to the forming rolls thro' bevel gears 20, 21, 22, 233 shafts 24 and 25,
and gears 26, 27, 27, 27; I preferably make the above named series of gears on
shafts 24, 25, 93, 9 and 4 removable and interchangeable, so as to provide for
differential rates of speed and for similar rates of speed when occasion requires,
between the surfaces of the rotating formers and that of the revolving mass of
plastic glass, the said shafts and their bearings being made practically adaptable
to such changes in a well known way.
Returning now to the base of the machine, 92 is a tank or receptacle for water,
formed in base 1, having a central boss or hub 29 for sustaining the mechanism of
the rolls. Said tank is for the purpose of wetting and cooling the rolls of formers
after each operation of forming an article, said rolls being arranged so as to auto-
matically dipped for the purpose at the close of the cycle or operation. The
dipping of the rolls in water is employed when the rolls are paste covered. The
rolls can be used without the paste covering, and in such case they are first heated
by some convenient means, such as a jet of gas, or by hot glass, or otherwise, and
the heat derived from the plastic glass afterwards maintains them at the proper
temperature during the continued operations of the machine. The water in the
tank is in such case dispensed with, as it is then desirable to retain the heat in the
rolls at such temperature as to avoid chilling the piastie glass. When paste
covering for the rolls is used the water is employed to preserve such covering
by dipping after each blowing. This dipping of the paste covered rolls is necessary
for obtaining the best results.
30, 30 are the rolls or formers, two or more, made of any suitable material and
contour, and so as to be paste covered when desired, according to the nature, size
and shape of the articles to be produced. These formers are mounted in a
symmetrical group, on arms or shafts 31, 31 pivoted in boss 29 so as to swing
outwards and downwards radially, said shafts 31 being provided at their lower
extremities with toothed sectors 32, 32 meshing with a cylindrical rack 33. Said
cylindrical rack is mounted, sleeve fashion, upon the upright shaft 25, a sleeve 35
being preferably interposed between the rack and the said upright shaft to prevent
water from gaining access to the rotary shaft. Upon the top of said rotary
upright shaft 25 is borne a pinion 26 and on each of the arms 31, 31, is borne
a rod like extension or shaft 37 and a loose pinion 38 rotable on shaft 37, and
each pinion carrying and having attached to it a rotable former 30. Said
formers 30 with their pinions 27 are interchangeable, and are detachably carried
on the arms 31 so as to revolve freely on shaft 37, where they are retained by any
well known means, as nut 39. The cylindrical rack 33 plays up and down as
actuated by means presently to be described, thereby controlling the position of
the rolls or formers 30. When said rack is in its lowermost position the arms 31. 31
stand vertically, as shown in Fig. 1, and the loose pinions 27, 27 intermesh with
the pinion 26, borne on shaft 25, receiving rotary motion therefrom, which is thus
imparted to each of the formers. In case it is desired to have a portion of the
formers revolve in opposite directions to the remaining formers of the group,
this may be effected by intermediate pinions suitably placed, or in any convenient
way well known to the mechanic arts. When the rolls or formers are to receive
motion from the rotating glass, the pinion 26 is removed.
The cylindrical rack 3 receives its movement or reciprocation through a toothed
sector or circular rack 40 and the system of connected levers 41, 42, 43 connecting
with the upright reciprocating bar 44 presently to be described. Member 41 of the
lever system is curved as shown in Fig. 4, to carry the movement from the side
of the machine to the center of the tank, where the rack 33 is located.
In the drawings I have shown a symmetrical group of three rolls or formers,

page_text: but it is obvious that any number from two upwards may be employed, according
to the nature and dimensions of the object to be manufactured.
Upright bar is held securely in boxes or ways 45 so as to freely reciprocate
therein, as automatically controlled by the operation of the machine presently
to be described. At the top of the machine a system of levers 82, 83 convey recipro-
cating linear motion from said bar 44 to the air spindle 4, said spindle being
splined so as to reciprocate freely through gear 8 without interfering with the
rotary motion derived from the latter. Said spindle 4 is perforated at 48 where
it passes through air box 88 in order to take air freely while under rotation, the
perforations being at such intervals as to take air at any position of the said
vertical shaft or spindle. It is also flanged at the top and provided with a collar 8+
underneath the flange, said collar having trunnions 50 with which the forks of
lever 83 engage in order to elevate and depress the rotating spindle. The bar 44
is heavy enough to insure its descent at the proper time against the resistance of
the various parts actuated by such movement, or it may he additionally weighted
if necessary. A retarder 52 having piston 53, is provided to prevent the too sudden
application of the starting mechanism through the treadle 54 which otherwise
would shock and strain the machinery. The form of retarder shown in the
drawings is an air dash pot, but any other retarder of equivalent function will
answer, as for instance, a friction brake or wind wheel with ratcheted connection to
prevent retarding except in one direction only, or a rotary oil dash pot with similar
provision. In order to provide for a proper leakage of air to give function to the
lash pot shown, the piston should have sufficient play to allow some air to pass, or
a passage 55 may be provided either in the piston or elsewhere, which may be
made regulable as to size of aperture. A valve 56 is also provided at some con-
venient point so that the resistance of the air shall not impede the upward move-
nent of the piston.
A rheostat 57 is placed on the side of the main standard. This rheostat is used
for gradually turning on an electrical current to the motor and starting the same;
for turning off the current from the motor to stop the same, and for regulating
the speed of the motor as may be desired. This is accomplished by allowing more
or less current to pass to the armature of the electric motor through a regulated
resistance in the rheostat. This regulation of speed of the motor operates to regu-
late the speed of the glass working machine, as different articles require different
speeds to best manipulate them.
The air blast generating apparatus or blower is shown borne on the side of the
muin standard in Fig. 2 at 58. This blower derives its rotation by means of belt
connection between large wheel 59 on motor and pulley 60 on blower.
61 is a cam-carrying shaft which receives motion from shaft 93 thro' worm 78
and gear 79. Said shaft makes one revolution to each operation or formation of
plastic glass. Said shaft 61 carries cam 62, which works against the end of rod (33,
the latter being held against the cam at all times by pressure of spiral spring (4,
sustained by support 47 and pressing against collar 6ti. Said rod 63 is supported
in supports 46, 47, and is free to move backwards and forwards in these supports.
Rod is connected to pitman 19 by the pivoted joint shown. Connecting rod 19
connects to the gate or valve 36 on register 34 of the blower, and by its movement
gradually opens and closes the said valve once each operation. This valve by
pening admits air to the blower in quantities according to requirements, and the
speed of opening is regulated by the cam 62 on shaft 61. As soon as the blowing
operation is completed the valve or gate is closed. No air being admitted to the
blower, the latter cannot deliver any air even though it is running continuously.
There is a cam 67 also carried on shaft G1 which has the function of controlling
the lifting and lowering of the bar 44, through which the air spindle 4 is operated,
and simultaneously therewith the rolls 30, 30 are opened and closed. This it does
by rolling contact with roller 68, attached by means of a yielding or spring arm (5)
to bar 44. Cam 67 has a depression 70 in its extremity, in which roller 68 rests
after bar 44 has been lifted, and the motion of the marhine ceaser.

page_text: 54 is a treadle connected with bar 44 by which the machine is started into
operation. The pressure of the foot on said treadle 54 immediately brings pressure
to bear on roller 68. This forces the roller, and with it its yielding frame 72 and
the spindle or plunger 73 into the depression provided for the same in arm (i).
This pressure is brought against the compression spiral spring 74 until it overcomes
its power and said spring yields. This compression spring is sufficiently stiff to
stand against the weight of parts, but yields to the extra foot pressure.
Motion is transmitted from the electric motor to main shaft 93 thro' the medium
of worm 15, gear 17, loose on shaft 9:3, and clutch 71. The lower part 77 of clutch 71
is integral with worm gear 17, and the upper part of clutch 71 is splined onto
shaft 93 by spline 38 so as to be capable of up and down motion thereon. It has a
collar 76 by which said upper part is lifted out of contact with the lower_part_77
when encountered by the rising arm 75. Worm gear 17 is prevented from dropping
by the tight collar 65 on main shaft 93.
The glass machine is automatically stopped at each operation. This is accom-
plished as follows: The shaft 61 in its one revolution for each cycle of operation
carries with it the cam 67. This cam 67, by lifting the roller 68 and with it
the arm 69 that holds the roller, and with the arm 69 the rod 44, lifts also
the arm 75, until the end of arm 75 comes into contact with the collar 76 on the
top part of clutch 71 and lifts it out of its engagement with the lower part 77
of the clutch, and thus stops the main portion of the glass machine. The motor and
blower continue to run, until stopped by hand by means of the rheostat. This is
not done however until the work of the machine is finished for that turn of glass
blowing. The blower delivers no air except when the gate is open.
OPERATION.
Taking the machine when in a state of rest, the forming rolls are in the
expanded position shown in Figs. 4 & 5, lying in the tank 92. The vertical air
spindle is in the elevated position to receive the blow iron, bar 44 and treadle 54
are in their elevated positions, har 44 being sustained by its arm 69 and roller 68
in notch 70 of cam 67. The handle or switch 96 of the rheostat bi is passed over
the electric buttons by hand, to the point required to give the correct speed for
operation upon the article desired to be formed from plastic glass. At this stage
all other parts of the glass machine are at rest. The attendant now inserts a
blow iron (91) with a proper gathering of plastic glass, suitably manipulated,
and seals it by its enlargement 12 in its socket on arm 11, presses the treadle (54)
with his foot, thereby bringing pressure to hear on roller 68. This communicates
pressure against the compression spring 74, which yields to such pressure and allows
roller 68 to become unseated and to leave depression 70 of cam 67. The foot
treadle continues to be pressed, and as the roller 68 has been released from its seat
there is nothing further to prevent the rod 44 from being brought to its lowest
position. This downward motion of the rod 44 has allowed arm 75 to drop away
from the collar 76 of the clutch 71 on shaft 93, thus permitting the upper toothed
portion of the clutch to engage with the lower toothed portion 77 of said clutch,
which is a part of the worm gear 17, and is in constant motion. This at once
starts the other parts of the machine into motion.
Too rapid descent of the rod 44 is prevented by means of the piston 53 moving
in the cylinder of the retarder 52. The movement resulting froni the engagement
of the clutch members starts main shaft 933 into rotation. through worm 15 and
worm wheel.17, transmitting rotary motion thro' worm 78 to worm gear 19 on
haft 61 in the direction indicated by the arrow, the movement of the bar 44 in its
downward passage to the position indicated in Fig. 1 depresses air spindle 4,
causing the latter to engage blow iron 91 by means of chuck 90 on the
extremity of air spindle 4. The rapid descent of bar 44 has meantime.
thro' compound lever system 41, 42, 43, depressed the cylindrical rack 33
on upright shaft 25, thereby operating sectors 32, 32 and raising radial
arms 31, 31, with their formers 30, 30, to the upright position shown in Fig. 1.

page_text: The said formers thereupon come into contact with the gathering of glass on end
of blow iron 91, now in rotation thro' gears 5, 6, 7, 8, and shaft 9, and the loose
pinions 38, 38, having come into engagement with pinion 26 borne on shaft 25,
are with the formers 30, 30, mounted thereon, also caused to rotate as they come
into contact with the rotating mass of plastic glass, shaft 25 receiving its rotary
motion from shaft 93 thro gears 20, 21, 22, 23 and shaft 24. By a simple
change of gearing the plastic glass will be rotated either in the same direction as
that of the rolls, or in the opposite direction, according to circumstances. The
cam 62 on shaft 61 has in its one revolution to an operation commenced to depress
the rod 63 against the pressure of spiral spring 64. This movement downward of
the rod and the connecting rod 19 commences to open the valve or gate 36,
admitting air to the blower 58 thro' the openings thereof. This opening of the
gates is at first slow, and thus admits but a slight amount of air under low pressure
to the plastic glass now in formation. As the glass takes shape and increases in
hardness, the air gate 36 is opened under such graduation as may be desired and
determined by the shape of the cam 62. This is conditioned by the size and shape
of the article under formation. The glass is thus gradually expanded into intimate
contact with the forming rolls, in conjunction with the centrifugal force of the
rotation of the plastic mass, or by the latter alone when the air blast is not
employed. The forming rolls in conjunction with the said rotary movement of the
expanded glass now rapidly execute their function of modeling, shaping and
fashioning the exterior of the glass article against the resistance of the centrifugal
force and the air pressure within the mass caused by the graduate air blast of the
blow iron. As said modeling approaches completion the mechanism assumes the
position shown in Fig. 1, where cam 62 is just about to shut off the air blast,
cam 67 is just on the point of elevating bar 44 to its position of rest with roller 68
resting in notch 70, when air spindle 4 will he lifted off from blow iron 91 so that it
can be removed, and simultaneously therewith arms 31, 31 with rolls 30, 30 will
drop radially outwards, dipping said rolls into the tank 92, and releasing the formed
article of glass. The bar 44 will have been raised by the cam 67 and roller 68.
This raising of the bar 44 will raise the piston 53 in the retarder 52 and replace
the foot treadle 54 and its system of levers 94, 95 to their original position. The
arm 75 will have raised until it comes in contact with the collar 76 on top of the
upper member of clutch 71 on shaft 93 and continue to rise until the clutch has
been thrown out from contact with the bottom part (77) of the clutch, thus stopping
the machine with the exception of the motor and the blower. The main shaft 9:3
and all connecting parts will come to rest. During this cycle of operations the
shaft G1, carrying the cams 62 and 67, is timed to complete exactly one revolution,
during which all the requisite movements of the apparatus for forming and com-
pleting an article are accomplished. The cycle being thus automatically completed,
the machine is brought to rest in position ready for the next formation, with air
regulating gate 36 closed on generator 58, bar 44 and treadle lever 54 in their
highest positions, air spindle 4 elevated, retarder piston elevated, arm 75 in its
highest position, and formers in the water tank. The round of operations is now
ready to begin again, as before, the blow iron with its attached article having
been in the meantime removed by the attendant, so that another may be inserted
in its place.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. In a glass working machine, a pluratlity of revoluble rolls or formers for
operating on plastic glass, means for positively rotating said rolls each on its own
axis, and means for rotating a mass of plastic glass in simultaneous contact with
said rolls, substantially as specified.
2. In a glass working machine, a symmetrical group of revoluble rolls or formers,
each supported on an axis so as to freel rotate manns for undatio

page_text: and a retarder connected with the vertical bar, for preventing a too sudden appli-
cation of power, substantially as specified.
11. In a glass working machine, in combination a revoluble blow iron supporting
a mass of plastic glass distended with air, revoluble formers, two or more, with
means for positively rotating the same in simultaneous contact with said glass said
formers having raised and depressed continuous spiral lines on a portion of their
surfaces, whereby screw threads may be impressed on a corresponding portion of
the plastic glass modeled by the revolution of the formers, substantially as specified.
12. In a glass working machine, in combination, a revoluble blow iron supporting
a mass of plastic glass distended with air, revoluble formers, two or more, with
means for positively rotating the same in simultaneous contact with said glass,
raid formers having patterns or letters in raised or depressed lines on their
exteriors, whereby the counterpart of said patterns may be impressed upon the
plastic glass by the revolution of said tormers, substantially as specified.
13. In a glass working machine, a base, an upright main standard, having an
overhanging arm, a vertical bar confined in ways, a vertical hollow air spindle borne
revolubly on said overhanging arm, means for revolving the same, lever connections
between said air spindle and said vertical bar whereby up and down motion is
conveyed from the latter to the former, an air box at the extremity of said over-
hanging arm surrounding said air spindle, means for supplying air to said spindle
under pressure, perforations in said air spindle for passing air thereto from said
air box in any position of the spindle, and a clutch on the lower extremity of said
air spindle adapted for engagement with a tubular blow iron, substantially as
specified.
14. In a glass working machine, a base containing a water tank, an upright
main standard, a vertical bar confined in ways, a vertical revoluble shaft with
pinion on top thereof, located centrally in said tank, means for rotating said shaft,
a cylindrical rack, loosely borne on said shaft, pivoted arms arranged concentrically
around said shaft, having toothed sectors engaging with said cylindrical rack,
revoluble rolls or formers borne on said pivoted arms, a mechanical connection
between said vertical bar and said cylindrical rack whereby they are caused to rise
and fall together, bringing the rolls upright when the bar is depressed and rice
rers and gears on said rolls engaging with pinion on said central shaft, whereby
rotary motion is conveyed to said rolls when they assume an upright position,
substantially as specified.
15. In a glass working machine, a base, an upright main standard, a vertical bar
supported in ways on said standard, an electric motor, a vertical main shaft deriving
rotary motion from said motor, an air generator for supplying air in regulated
amount or quantity, a rheostat for regulating the current supplied to the motor
armature, a lifting arm on the vertical bar, a cam shaft deriving rotary motion
from the vertical main shaft carrying a cam for applying and controlling the air
supply, a cam for lifting and sustaining the vertical bar at the proper intervals, and
a means for automatically, stopping the machine by the rising of the vertical bar,
substantially as specified.
16. In a glass working machine, in combination, a removable gathering iron,
and means for rotating the same, revoluble formers, two or more, with means for
rotating the same in contact with plastic glass boine on said gathering iron, said
formers having shapes adapted to produc articles of prismoidal form with poly-
gonal, elliptical or other shaped bases, substantially as specified.
17. In a glass working machine, in combination, a retarder, a vertical bar in
ways, a main rotary shaft, a clutch on said main rotary shaft, splined therron, as
to one member, and loose thereon as to the other member, an electric motor geared
to the loose member of said clutch, and means between said vertical bar and the
splined member of the clutch whereby the clutch is automatically operated by the
rising and falling of the bar, substantially as specified.
18. The combination of a tank, a vertical shaft 25. means for rotating the same,
cylindrical rack 33 loosely mounted on said shaft, and sleeve 35, interposed between

page_text: Short and rack -33, for preventing water from reaching said shaft, substantiany
as specified.
19. The pivoted arm 31, having toothed sector 32, shaft 37, removable former 30,
and pinion 27, in combination with cylindrical rack 3 and pinion 26, substantially
as described.
20. The combination of tank 92, having boss 29, with pivoted arms 31, removable
formers 30, shaft 25, cylindrical rack 3, pinion 26, and gears 27, substantially as
specified.
21. The group of formers each positively revoluble on its own axis, and revoluble
as a group, in combination with removable blow iron 91, rotable air spindle 4,
air box 88, pipes 85, 86, and means for furnishing a graduated supply of air io said
air spindle, substantially as specified.
22. The group of formers 30, in combination with removable blow iron 91,
rotable air spindle 4, having clutch 90, and perforations 48, air box 88, and means
for furnishing a graduated supply of air, substantially as specified.
23. The combination of upright standard 2, bracket arm 10, bracket arm 11
having seat for blow iron enlargement, in combination with removable blow
iron 91, having enlargement 12, rotable and longitudinally movable air spindle 4,
having clutch 90, and rotary formers 30, 30 each positively revoluble on its own
axis, and all revoluble as a group, substantially as specified.
24. In a glass, working machine, in combination, a group of revoluble rolls
or formers, a removable blow iron, a vertical hollow air spindle for supplying air
thereto, a clutch on said air spindle, a means for rotating said air spindle, à means
for vertically lifting and depressing said air spindle while rotating, a means for
supplying air to said air spindle in regulated quantity while rotating, and a
means for automatically regulating and stopping said combined movements, sub-
stantially as specified.
25. In a glass working machine, in combination, a removable blow iron, a motor,
an air blast generator, connected with the blow iron, operated by said motor, a
register for admitting or excluding a supply of air to or from said blast generator,
thereby varying the air pressure in the said blow iron, and automatic means con-
nected with said motor for operating said air register, substantially as specified.
26. In a glass working machine, in combination, a removable blow iron, an
air blast generator communicating with said blow iron, and means for auto-
matically controlling and regulating the admission of air to said blast generator in
variable quantities, and for wholly excluding air therefrom, substantially as
specified.
27. In a glass working machine, in combination, an air conduit, a removable
blow iron in connection with said conduit, a motor, a means for generating a blast
of air and supplying it to said air conduit, and automatic means operated by said
motor, between it and the blast generator, for regulating the supply of air to said
blast generator, and thus varying the air pressure in said blow iron, substantially
as specified.
28. In a glass working machine, in combination, a motor, a rotary fan driven by
said motor, an air conduit taking air from said fan, an air valve for admitting or
excluding air in regulated amounts to or from said fan, and automatic means
operated by said motor for regulating and controlling said air valve, substantially
as specified.
29. In a glass working machine, in combination, a removable blow iron, means
for rotating the same, a rotary fan, for supplying air to said blow iron, a register
for regulating the quantity of air admitted to said fan, a motor from which said fan
and said blow iron derive rotary motion, and automatic means driven by said motor
for controlling the register, substantially as specified.
30. In a glass working machine, in combination, a rotary fan, a blow iron, a con-
duit for supplying air to said blow iron from said fan, a register for admitting air
in variable quantities to said fan, and automatic means for regulating and
controlling said register, substantially as specified.

page_text: 31. In a glass working machine, in combination, a removable blow iron, a means
for generating a blast of air means for supplying said air to said blow iron, and
automatic means for regulating and controlling the supply of air to said blast
generator in variable quantities, whereby the air pressure in the blow iron is varied
in accordance with the demands of the work, substantially as specified.
32. In a glass working machine, air forcing mechanism an air conduit_leading
from said forcing mechanism to an article in process of fabrication, and means
automatically controlling the air forcing mechanism to vary the pressure of air
propelled by said air forcing mechanism to the article as the blowing progresses,
all combined substantially as specified.
Dated this 27th day of March 1800
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool. Agents for the Applicant.