IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH APPARATUS MATERIALS." FOR SEPARATING ORES AND OTHER
Year: 1871

page_text: •
LETTERS PATENT to George Green, of Aberystwith, in the County
of Cardigan, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN
AND CONNECTED WITH APPARATUS
MATERIALS."
FOR SEPARATING ORES AND
OTHER
Scaled the 18th July 1871, and dated the 21st January 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Green at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st January 1871..
I, GEORGE GREEN, of Aberystwith, in the County of Cardigan,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING ORES AND
OTHER MATERIALS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
'
This Invention relates in part to the arranging and combining
together of the various kinds of apparatus required for the economical
treatment of ores and other materials, so as to obtain the more complete

page_text: separation of their various constituents, and in part to improvements in
some of the details of parts of such apparatus, such improvements in
details being also applicable apart from the general arrangements.
It is intended to carry out the present improvements in concert with
those or some of those described in the Specifications of the following
Patents, namely,-Roberts, 13 March 1865, No. 697; Prosser, 11 May
1866, No. 1350; Davies, 4 April 1868, No. 1146; Davies, 30 December
1868, No. 3971; Green, 20 April 1869, No. 1212; the object being to
add improved apparatus to that described in these earlier Specifications,
and to arrange and combine the whole in a manner to secure the most
advantageous action of each part, and thereby form a complete self-
acting and continuous system.
In carrying out the present Invention a pair of crushing rolls is
arranged in close connection with a steam engine or water wheel, and by
preference at a level above the rest of the apparatus, so that the crushed
ores or the various valuable constituents and the slimes into which the
oreş are separated may gradually descend as they are transferred from
one kind of apparatus or machine to the next. The crushed ores are
plentifully supplied with water which both facilitates the separation of.
their constituents and effects their conveyance down inclined launders
from stage to stage. After leaving the crushers the ores pass through
a series of horizontal or slightly inclined revolving cylindrical sieves or
riddles, the first of which has the largest meshes, those of the others
being smaller in succession, an arrangement which is the reverse of that
ordinarily adopted. The ores which do not pass through the meshes or
sides of the first riddle but are delivered at the lower end are returned
to the crushers as being insufficiently reduced, whilst what passes
through the sides falls into a casing, and is led thence by a launder into
the next riddle, and similarly with the other riddles what passes through
the sides of any one riddle being led into the next of the series excepting
of course what passes through the sides of the lowest one. There are by
preference six of these riddles, but there may be more or fewer according
to the quantity of ores or materials operated upon in a given time. The
materials which are delivered at the lower ends of the riddles (excepting
the first) are led into jiggers which are by preference of the kind de-
scribed in Davies' Specification No. 3971' of 1868, each jigger being
fitted with sieves of meshes suitably corresponding to the meshes of the
riddle from which it receives its materials. 'Streams, sprays, or jets of

page_text: water are directed upon the outsides of the riddles, and in some or all of
them water is similarly made to play upon the insides by means of central
pipes, for the purpose of clearing the meshes, loosening the materials, and
assisting their separation. The riddles or some of them are also fitted
with internal rings or flanges to act as weirs to retard the flow. through
of the mixed water and ores. The riddles are disposed at successively
lower levels, but by preference all in the same vertical longitudinal
plane, and the jiggers are placed below each,. receiving its materials from
the relative riddle by gravitation, so that no handling or manual labor
is required in effecting the transfer. The slimes or materials which pass
through the sides of the lowest riddle are next led. through a series of
classifiers of the kind described in Green's Specification No. 1212 of
1869, from which classifiers one portion is led to a jigger, whilst other
portions proceed to vibrating tables of the kind described in Prosser's
Specification No. 1350 of 1866; and final portions to one or more buddles
of the kind described in Green's Specification just referred to... The
concentrated materials from this Green's buddle are if necessary next
transferred to a Cornish buddle, and thence portions are taken to a dolly
tub, whereby the separation of the materials is completed. The granules
of heterogeneous composition separated by the jiggers and known as
raggings, are subjected to a series of stamps by preference of the kind
described in Prosser's Specification No. 1350 of 1866, and when pul-
verised thereby are led into the lowest riddle but one. The classifiers
herein-before referred to or some of them, are fitted cach with a pipe
entering near the bottom to let in a stream of water of adequate
pressure for carrying off the slimes, and wherever it may be necessary
throughout the various pieces of apparatus streams or jets of water are
similarly applied to carry forward, propel, or wash the materials along
the launders or casings.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said George Green, Her special licence that I, the
said George Green, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said George Green, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, excrcise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED
WITH APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING ORES AND OTHER MATERIALS," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said George Green, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and scals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Green, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to bé
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement in writing, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, that is to say :-
My said Invention relates in part to the arranging and combining
together of the various kinds of apparatus required for the cconomical
treatment of ores and other materials so as to obtain the more complete
separation of their various constituents, and in part to improvements in
some of the details of parts of such apparatus, such improvements in
details being also applicable apart from the general arrangements.
I intend to carry out my present improvements in concert with those
or some of those described in the Specifications of the following Patents,
namely, Roberts, 13 March 1865, No. 697; Prosser, 11 May 1866,
No. 1350; Davies, 4 April 1868, No. 1146; Davies, 30 December 1868,
No. 3971; Green, 20 April 1869, No. 1212; my object being to add
improved apparatus to that described in these earlier Specifications, and
to arrange and combine the whole in a manner to secure the most

page_text: advantageous action of cach part, and thereby form a complete, self-
acting, and continuous system.
And in order that my said Invention, and the manner of performing
the same, may be properly understood I hereunto append two Sheets of
explanatory Drawings, to be herein-after referred to, and representing
my improved combined apparatus. In these Drawings the same
reference numerals are used to mark the same or like parts wherever
they are repeated.
:
Figures 1 and 2 on Sheet 1 of the Drawings are a sectional plan and a
sectional clevation showing the general arrangements. The ore stuff,
previously broken down to a size of about 2½ inches cube is put into a
crushing mill consisting of a pair of horizontal rollers 1, represented as
being driven by a water wheel 2, but which, as also the rest of the
machinery, may be driven by steam power where more convenient. The
crushing mill is arranged by preference at a level above the rest of the
apparatus, so that the crushed ores and the various valuable constituents
and the slimes into which the ores are separated may gradually descend
as they are transferred from one kind of apparatus or machine to the
next. The crushed ores are plentifully supplied with water, which both
facilitates the separation of their constituents and effects their con-
veyance down inclined launders from stage to stage. After leaving the
crushers 1 the ore stuff passes through a series of horizontal or, by
preference, slightly inclined revolving cylindrical sieves or riddles
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, the first 3 of which has the largest meshes or perforations,
whilst those of the others in succession are smaller and smaller, an
arrangement the reverse of and a great practical improvement upon that
ordinarily adopted. The ores which do. not pass through the meshes or
sides of the first riddle 3, but are delivered at the lower end thereof, are
returned to the crushers 1 as being insufficiently reduced, being led by a
funnel and launder 9 or otherwise into the lower part of a raft wheel 10
on the shaft of one of the crushers, and by this wheel re-clevated to the
hopper which supplies the crushers. The ore stuff which passes through
the sides of the first riddle 3 falls into a casing 11, and is led thence by a
launder 12 into the next riddle 4, and similarly with the other riddles,
what passes through the sides of any one riddle being led into the next
of the series (excepting, of course, what passes through the sides of the
lowest one). There are, by preference, six of these riddles, as shown,
but there may be more or fewer according to the quantity of ores or

page_text: materials operated upon in a given time. The materials which are
delivered at the lower ends of the riddles (excepting the first) are led by
launders or ducts 13 into jiggers 14, which are by preference of the kind
described in Davics' Specification, No. 3971 of 1868, cach jigger being
fitted with sieves of meshes suitably corresponding to the meshes of the
riddle from which it receives its materials.
The arrangement and construction of the riddles will be best under-
stood from the enlarged. views, Figures 3 and 4, on Sheet 2 of the
Drawings, these Figure being respectively an end clevation and a
longitudinal vertical section. Streams, sprays, or jets of water are made
to play upon the insides of the riddles by means of central pipes 15, for
the purposes of clearing the meshes, loosening the materials, and
assisting their separation, and water is similarly directed upon the
outsides of some or all of the riddles. The riddles consist of cylindrical
sliclls 16 of wire gauze or perforated sheet iron or steel fixed upon open
end frames 17, which last are connected to each other by longitudinal
bars 18, and are formed with hollow trunnions 19 to run in bearings
fixed to transverse supporting girders 20 at the ends. The riddles are
disposed at successively lower levels, but, by preference, all in the same
vertical longitudinal plane, and the jiggers 14 are placed below, cach
receiving its materials from the relative riddle by gravitation, so that no
handling or manual labor is required in effecting the transfer. The
lowest 8 of the riddles is made to rotate by means of a worm wheel or
bevil wheel on its lower trunnion actuated by a worm or bevil pinion
on a transverse shaft 21, which receives motion by a belt and pulleys
from the shafting 22 above. The other riddles (excepting the first 3)
are driven one from the other by means of pairs of spur wheels 23 on
their trunnions. The highest or first riddle 3 is driven from the next 4
by means of an intermediate shaft (not shown) connected to the
trunnions by universal joints, or it may be driven in any other con-
venient way. The riddles, or some of them, are fitted with internal
rings or flanges 24 (Figure 4) to act as weirs to retard the flow through
of the mixed water and ores. The slimes or materials which pass
through the sides of the lowest riddle 8' are next led by a launder 25
through a series of classifiers 26 of the kind described in my earlier
Specification No. 1212, of 1869, from which classifiers the granular
portions are led to jiggers 27, whilst the slimes are propelled forwards to
vibrating or percussion tables 28 of the kind described in Prosser's

page_text: .
Specification, No. 1350 of 1866, and final portions to one or more
buddles 29 of the kind described in my earlier Specification just referred
to. The concentrated materials from this. Green's buddle arc, if
necessary, next transferred to one or more Cornish buddles 30, and thence
portions may be taken to a dolly tub 31, whereby the separation of the
materials is completed. The granules of heterogeneous composition
separated by the jiggers 14, 27, and known as raggings are subjected to
a series of stamps by preference of the kind described in Prosser's
Specification No. 1350 of 1866, and indicated in the plan, Figure 1, as
placed at 32 conveniently near the motive power. The pulverised
materials from the stamps are returned to one of the riddles, by
preference the lowest but one 7 of the series.
The classifiers 26, herein-before referred to, or some of them, are fitted
cach with a pipe entering near the bottom to let in a stream of water of
adequate pressure for carrying off the slimes; and wherever it may be
necessary throughout the various pieces of apparatus streams or jets
of water are similarly applied to carry forward, propel, or wash the
materials along the launders or casings. The crushers 1 and first
riddle 3 may in some cases be arranged at a lower level, and the crushed
stuff from them be conveyed to the second riddle 4 by any convenient
kind of elevator. It may also in some cases be more convenient to
arrange some of the riddles at right angles to the others.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, I have to state that I
do not restrict myself to the precise details herein described or delineated,
but that what I believe to be novel and original, and claim as the
Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is,―
1. The general arrangement or combination of apparatus hercin
described and delineated forming a complete, self-acting, and continuous
system for separating ores and other materials.
2. The arranging and working of a series of riddles with meshes or
perforations of different sizes, so that the materials may be first treated
by those having the largest meshes or perforations and afterwards by the
others in order as herein-before described.
3. The arranging or combining of the riddles with the jiggers in the
manner herein-before described.

page_text: 4. The fitting of the classifiers (26), or some of them, each with. a
pipe near the bottom to admit a stream of water to carry off the slimes,
as herein-before described.
5. The arranging of the entire combined apparatus so that the
materials treated may be conveyed through from stage to stage by 5
streams of water and with the least possible handling or manual labor,
as herein-before described.
6. The applying of jets or sprays of water inside the riddles, as and
for the purposes herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Green, have hereunto set 1
my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.