Improvements in or relating to Walls, Buildings, Silos, Bins, Ware- houses, Forts, Batteries, Theatres, Safes, Strong-rooms, and other Structures, Ships, Bargas, and other Vessels, Bulkheads. Par- titions, Shields, Tanks, Vats, Vehicles, Refrigerating Safes, Houses or Compartments, Fireproof Screens, or Curtains and the like, and Apparatus to be used in Combination therewith or Separately.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 1st May, 1889
Complete Specification Left, 1st Mar, 1890-Accepted, 1st Aug., 1890
Improvements in or relating to Walls, Buildings, Silos, Bins, Ware-
houses, Forts, Batteries, Theatres, Safes, Strong-rooms, and other
Structures, Ships, Bargas, and other Vessels, Bulkheads. Par-
titions, Shields, Tanks, Vats, Vehicles, Refrigerating Safes, Houses
or Compartments, Fireproof Screens, or Curtains and the like, and
Apparatus to be used in Combination therewith or Separately.
I, JAMES WILSON of Magazine Cottage, Liscard, in the County of Chester,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows
-
This invention has partly for its object improvements in the construction of walls,
buildings, bins or silos, warehouses, forts, sheds, batteries, theatres and similar or other
structures, ships, barges and other vessels, bulkheads, partitions, fire proof screens or
curtains,safes, strong rooms and the like, refrigerating safes, houses and compartments,
The invention also relates to
vats, tanks and similar structures, vehicles and the like
I
devices, apparatus and mechanism to be used in combination therewith or separately
do not limit my invention to the structures, etcetera, above set forth, or to any one of
them, it is equally applicable for a large number of other purposes, and when facilities
for aerating, ventilating, heating, cooling, mixing, extinguishing fire and relatively
great strength, lightness, and cheapness are desired
so on with
My invention will first be described in connection with the construction, and in
carrying out this part of the invention I use, by preference, corrugated metal, in two
or more thicknesses or layers of sheets placed with the ridges or convexities of the
corrugations opposite each other so as to cause the valleys or concavities of the
corrugations to form series of tubes or pipes between each sheet When I employ
two thicknesses or layers of sheets, one series of tubes is thus formed, and with
three layers of sheets, a double series of tubes 18 thus formed, and
each extra layer of sheets By this method, I materially increase the resisting power
of the metal I may employ only one thickness or single sheet of corrugated metal
and whether I employ one, two, or more thicknesses or layers of sheets of this metal
I may arrange to fit wedges in the valleys of the corrugations, or other suitable
appliances, by which I prevent the corrugations being flattened, displaced, or elongated,,
and thereby further considerably increase the resisting power of the metal Whether
I employ one, two, or more thicknesses or layers of sheets of this metal, I may
line the same with wood or other suitable material, and fill up the spaces between
the lining and the valleys of the corrugations and also the tubes formed by the
valleys of the corrugations herein before described, with any suitable material or liquid,
or I may use the said spaces and tubes, or some one or other of them for cooling by
liquid or air, heating by liquid, steam or air, ventilating, means for extinguishing
fire, or as passages for wires, rods, pipes, gas and water pipes and similar or equivalent
or other requirements
I will now proceed to describe the invention more particularly in connection with
structures sometimes called warehouses, stores, granaries, elevators, silos and bins,
which for brevity are hereinafter called bins, and principally for the storage of
grain, peas, beans, nuts, kernels, seeds and similar or other granular substances in
bulk
Heretofore such structures have generally been built of brick, stone, concrete, wood
and similar materials, which must be of sufficient strength to resist all the pressures
to which they may be subjected The weight of these materials upon the foundations
exceeds by many times the weight of the material I employ Such structures are
built at relatively great cost, and do not offer the other important advantages of my
invention herein described.
I may construct bins of any convenient shape, either rectangular, polygonal,

page_text: hexagonal, encular, or other shape, and group them together in different ways as
may be most convenient, the main object being to construct and group them in such
a manner that they shall mutually support each other to the best advantage, and
give extra facilities for preserving and manipulating the produce stored therein
while leaving a maximum of storage room in a given area
The corrugations may be placed either vertically, horizontally, diagonally or
otherwise
Instead of the method generally adopted when constructing bins of a polygonal or
rectangular shape, of placing the walls or divisions of each bin in direct lines, I
may group or construct them so as to break joint, that is, I place the end wall of
each bin so that it will meet the centre of the side wall of the adjoining bins By
this arrangement, when the bins are of a polygonal shape having their side walls
twice the length of the end walls, I practically equalize the length of each wall, and
thus reduce by one half the otherwise unsupported surfaces of the side walls, which
are presented to the pressure of the contained produce When the bins are rect-
angular, I likewise reduce by one half the otherwise unsupported surface of the side
walls, and in the centre of their end walls, I may place pipes or other suitable
standards, round or over which, the sheets of metal forming the walls are securely
bound
When I construct a number of cylinders, I group them to touch each other, so that
each bin forms the centre of a group of five or seven as preferred I may construct
bins in some cases of comparatively thin plain metal by placing two or more plates
or sheets parallel to, and at a short distance apart from each other, and fitting at
intervals in the spaces between them plates or sheets, pipes, segments of pipes, rings
or other equivalents
I may employ only one thickness or single sheet of corrugated metal to form the
walls of bins, in which case I may make the joints and employ angle or T metal, or
wood horizontal bars or their equivalents, for the same purposes and in the same
manner as when I employ two or more thicknesses or layers of sheets of corrugated
metal hereinafter described, and I may fix wedges between the corrugations, line the
sheets, and utilize the spaces under the lining as herein before described
When I construct bins of two or more thicknesses or layers of sheets of metal,
whether corrugated or plain, I may place pipes or other suitable standards in the
corners of the bins, round or over which the sheets of metal, forming the walls, are
securely bound I may fit sockets on these pipes to which the sheets of metal are
firmly fastened, and arrange the flanges at the joints of the pipes with bayonet slots
to pass over the bolts or other fasteners in the under length of pipe These bayonet
slots may be slightly inclined so as to tighten up the joint on impaiting a partial turn
of the pipe
I may dispense with these pipes or other standards in the corners and
fill up, if desired the spaces in these corners with concrete or other suitable material
I may overlap the vertical edges of the sheets of metal forming the walls of bins,
whether polygonal, rectangular, hexagonal, circular or other shape, and secure these
edges together by bolts, screws, rivets, wire or other suitable fastenings The hori-
zontal ends of the sheets can either butt against each other or overlap In the latter
case they are secured to each other in the way as herein before described for the
vertical joints These horizontal joints, whether butt or lap, are secured on each side
of the walls by T or angle metal bars, or their equivalents, fixed opposite each other,
and they may be made in one piece to go round the bin, but preferably in sections
overlapping each other at the corners and stiffened by cover plates or their equivalents
These horizontal bars so placed opposite each other on each side of the walls, may be
secured together by bolts, screws or equivalent fasteners which pass through them
and the sheets of metal, and in the flanges of these bars, I may arrange holes or other
means at intervals, to which suitable apparatus or appliances can be arranged to support
scaffolding, or for other requirements Or I may employ wood, or other suitable
material, instead of metal for the horizontal bars, with grooves to fit the corrugations
or with wedges underneath, as and for the purposes herein before described for the
angle or T metal bars.

page_text: In the trefoils or spaces between cylindrical bins, vertical pipes or segments of
pipes, rings, or their equivalents may be fitted to touch or nearly so, the surrounding
bins, and be fastened thereto by plates and peculiarly made bolts or their equivalents,
or these trefoils or spaces or some one or other of them may be used for storing
produce or for elevators, hoists, or similar apparatus or filled with concrete or other
suitable material, and the bins secured thereto by peculiarly made bolts to be embedded
in the concrete or other material When pipes are fitted in these trefoils, they, as
well as the pipes in the corners and centres of the walls of polygonal, hexagonal,
rectangular or similar shaped bins, whether constructed of plain or corrugated
metal, and also the tubes formed by my system of placing the ridges of the corruga-
tions opposite each other, or some or all of such pipes and tubes, may be used for
mixing sampling, drawing off the produce, or running it into one or more of the
adjoining bins through holes in the linings or in the corrugations or pipes, or for
cooling it by liquid, or air, or heating and drying it by steam, liquid, or air, or for
some one, or all of the other purposes herein before described The spaces between
these pipes and the bins may be filled up, or utilized as herein before described for the
other spaces
Instead of placing the ridges of the currugations, to touch or nearly so, they can
be placed at any desued distance apart, and in the spaces between the sheets of metal,
pipes, segments of pipes, rings or otheir equivalents may be fitted, or they may be
filled up and utilized in the same manner and for the same purposes as herein before
described for the spaces between two or more plates or sheets of plain metal
When bins are specially required for heating, cooling or drying produce, I may
subdivide them by partition walls and follow the same system of construction as
herein before described This subdivision brings the bulk of the produce into closer
proximity with the cooling, heating, or drying element, I may also keep it in motion
by either rotating arms, screws, drums, or other suitable appliances, and by an
elevator, band or other mechanism fitted in the bin, or otherwise, or it may be drawn
off and refilled into the same or another compartment, as may be desired
valves by which the steam, liquid, and air can be supplied and drawn off to keep ono
or all of them in circulation
I may fit
The polygonal, rectangular, hexagonal, or similar shaped bins can be constructed of
wood, metal or other frames of light material, such as metallic gauze, over which the
produce will run freely In this case, I may construct the walls by having grooves
or guides so arranged in or on strong standards, into which shelves, frames, or boards
are slid down in the form of louvres at an angle to insure the produce running freely
over them, and having ample spaces between them for a free ingress of air to
permeate the produce These louvre boards overlap, so as to prevent any of the
produce running out between them, and they can be arranged to be easily removed.
if required I may place metal bars, pipes, planks, on their edges, or equivalents, at
intervals between the sides of the walls, and fix them. where convenient, to the
horizontal bars herein before described, angle plates or equivalents in the usual way.
01 stings or other stays may be used The method of constructing and binding
together all the thicknesses whether three or more sheets of corrugated metal are
employed, is the same as for two thicknesses or double layers of sheets, and the
spaces in the valleys of the corrugations can be filled up or utilized in the same
manner and for the same purposes as herein before described
It is obvious that the methods of placing two or more thicknesses or lavers of
corrugated metal together so as to form tubes or cylinders as herein before described.
are equally applicable to the construction of nearly every description of walls.
buildings, forts, batteries, theatres, safes, strong rooms, and other structures ships,
barges and other vessels, bulkheads, partitions, shields, tanks, vats, vehicles,
refrigerating safes, houses or compartments fireproof screens, or curtains and the
like, and apparatus to be used in combination therewith or separately, where strength,
lightness superior efficiency and cheapness are desired
The bottoms of bins may be constructed either flat or sloping as may be preferred
When flat, I may fix a horizontal frame of any suitable material and fit therein a

page_text: '
. number of small hoppers, having dividing ridges with discharge pipes converging to
a hopper outside of the bin, so arranged as to insure the produce descending level
and thereby permit of it being refilled into the same bin when required for turning,
being aerated, sampled, and all discharged uniformly by gravitation I may place in
the centre of this frame and supported upon these dividing ridges, a removable
ventilator, with louvres, if desired, of a pyramidal conical or other convenient_shape
These pipes may be of metal, gutta percha, or other suitable material
I may
dispense with these pipes and allow the produce to run through holes in the bottom
of these small hoppers into a hopper fitted outside or inside of the bin
may place
one or more of these frames and hoppers at intervals above the bottoms in sloping or
flat bottomed bins, in which case, they also act as stays for the walls of bins
When
it is preferred to have the bottoms of bins sloping, I may construct them with louvres
removable by preference from the outside, if required, and arranged with holes over
the area, and having by preference pipes connected in the same manner as herein-
before described for flat bottoms, so as to insure the produce descending level, being
aerated, sampled, and all discharged uniformly by gravitation I may construct the
sloping bottoms without louvres and have a portion of it easily removable or opened
from the outside to permit of easy access to the interior of the bin, and arrange these
bottoms in the same manner for the same purposes as the horizontal frames with small
hoppers or the louvre bottoms, or instead of having holes in sloping bottoms and
converging pipes and hopper as described, I may place in sloping bottoms an apparatus
having a number of hollow radial arms fitted to a truncated cone or pyramid or other
convenient form, and so arranged with apertures or holes in the arms and cone or
pyramid at convenient positions over the area, as to draw off all the produce evenly
and uniformly These arms may have linings fitted therein to convey the produce
to a discharge pipe around or outside of which there may be a large pipe to allow of
free ingress between the two pipes, for the air to permeate the produce Or an
apparatus may be constructed as follows.
Between two corners or sides of the sloping bottoms are placed two boards or
plates like a pent roof with openings at centre, at each end. and other convenient
positions From or about the middle of this, smaller pent roofs proceed, also provided
with openings
All these openings draw produce contemporaneously and evenly from
all over the bin instead of forming vortices
The central opening of either form of the two herein before described apparatus,
may be covered with a louvre ventilator, preferably conical or pyramidal in form,
and by means of which additional aeration is obtained The top or hood of this
ventilator is attached to a hollow stem capable of vertical movement and formed
with longitudinal slots, or it may have an inner pipe arranged to act as hereinafter
described When desired, the produce may be discharged through these slots by
pushing the stem upwards until the lower edge of the hood stands above the upper
edge of the louvre next below it, or by turning the inner pipe herein before referred
to and described in the next paragraph
The produce in the bin may be still further aerated by means of pipes arranged
in the soles or hoppers which reach to any desired height in the bin, so as to take
samples or aerate, the produce in various parts The tops of these pipes are formed
with slits and covered by a hood so that while allowing free access for air into the
bin, the produce cannot escape through the slits Valves or openings in the pipes
can be formed so as to take samples of the produce These openings can
commanded by inner pipes provided with holes The inner pipes can easily be
turned until any of the holes are opposite each other, when the produce will run
through
be
The form and arrangement of the bottoms of bins may vary, the main objects of
this part of my invention are:-
(1) To cause the produce to descend evenly all over the area of the bin, thereby
permitting of it being refilled into the same bin, when required to be turned instead
of into another bin as at present I thus practically add considerably to the storage
capacity of the structure (2) To discharge all the produce of uniform quality

page_text: instead of, as at present, the heavy or good quality running off first and the light or
inferior quality afterwards, the result of which is, that when more than one buyer
receives produce from the same bin, to one is delivered produce superior in quality
to what he bought, and to the others, produce of an inferior quality (3) To aerate
the produce in a more efficient and economical manner than hitherto (4) To more
easily draw off or take samples of the produce than by other methods (5) To auto-
matically shut off the discharge of the produce through the converging pipes into the
hopper on the outside of the bin when the outlet valve is closed (6) To give easy
access through the bottoms to the interior of the bins instead of, as hitherto, the
costly, inconvenient, and risky method of lowering men from the top to the bottom of
bins (7) To give an extra and more expeditious way than heretofore of drawing
off the produce in case of fire or other emergency
To fill the produce into bins by gravitation, I may place on the upper floor of the
structure at the tops of the bins in the most central and convenient parts, and at a
suitable height, hoppers or receptacles capable of being turned on their vertical axes
to any required angle To these hoppers, I may fix one or more pipes which can be
hinged or flexible and arranged by preference to revolve with the hopper, so as to
supply, as required, any one or more of a series or group of bins
raised by elevators, or otherwise, can be conveved into these hoppers and run down
The produce
the pipe or pipes into the bins The pipe or pipes when not being used, can be
arranged to remain in a vertical position alongside or against the column of the
hopper By this method I employ fewer pipes, and give more storage space on the
upper floor of the structure than generally by present system
sacking, wood, stones or other extraneous substances, susceptible of obstructing the
To prevent pieces of
discharging of the produce being filled into bins, I may place over the mouth or
feeding aperture of bins, a grid or grating made of a convex sloping or triangular
form arranged with wire or metal bars at an angle to allow a free passage for the
produce and intercept the aforesaid extraneous substances
grating, I may place a filler or hopper having a horizontal plate, easily removable,
Under this grid or
arranged with a number of holes to insure the produce being loaded on to the centre
of a distributor made by preference of a bell shape, fitted at or near the top of the
bin This distributor by preference to be of a circumference sufficient to project
the produce to the walls of the bin, and constructed so as to be easily placed in
position and removed as required for usc In
discharge of the produce I may provide two or more valves to the outlet shute so as
other bins To accelerate the
to fill two or more sacks or receptacles at the same time
When the bins are not being filled. I may fit a cover or exhaust over the top
thereof made of galvanized iron, or other suitable material, to stand several inches
above the combings of the said aperture, and with one or more louvres projecting
outside the combings, so as to give a free passage for the air and gases from the silos
or bins and at the same time to prevent water entering them before it rises above
the height of the combings (in case of fire)
The produce can be further aerated and sampled by placing in the centre or other
convenient part of the bin, a vertical nipe which may be perforated, having radial
hollow perforated arms at intervals of any desired length, specially made sample
cans or drums can be let down this vertical pipe, and the produce caused to run
through valves down the radial arms into these cans or drums
radial pipes, as also valves in the vertical nipe may be actuated by wires rods, or
The valves in the
other mechanism from the ton or bottom of a bin
produce may be drawn from the bin at anv height, or in any direction
By this means samples of the
caused to permeate the produce through the vertical pipe. and its radial arms, and
Air can be
escape at the ton of the bin. either by having this vertical pipe connected with
the air pine in the bottom of the bin, or with the louvre or other bottoms of
hins herembefore described, or by the vertical pipe having air forced through
from the top or bottom by any of the well known compressors, blowers, or
exhausters.

page_text: In order to strengthen bins, and to further resist the lateral pressures brought to
bear upon the walls thereof, I sometimes provide stays, preferably of corrugated iron,
and of similar construction to the walls of the bins heretofore described The said
stays radiate from the centre or axis of the bin and if they extend the whole length
thereof, they divide the bin into separate chambers or compartments These radial
stays (any desired number, can, of course, be used) are firmly secured to the walls of
the bin, and their opposite ends, where they meet on the centre line, are firmly
fastened together, or if desired a vertical central tube may be used, to the periphery
of which they can be secured
By the aid of one or more vertical central tubes, a bin may be provided, which will
more thoroughly and effectually mix than heretofore, the produce as it is being drawn
off, this I will now proceed to describe
In the vertical central tube or tubes, are made one or more series of holes or
apertures at any desired heights and distances apart from each other, each series of
holes to have an aggregate area or receiving capacity equal to about the sectional
area or discharging capacity of each of said central vertical pipes The lower ends
of the pipes preferably converge to the centre or to the main outlet of the bin, which
18 under some one or other of my herein before described devices or their equivalents
for drawing off the produce at the bottom of the bin By means of these holes or
apertures, the produce is drawn off at different heights through the said pipe or
pipes, and meets the produce being drawn off at the bottom, and the produce from
various parts of the bin or said compartments is thus effectually mixed in the main
outlet valve I may divide the said pipe to correspond with the several
compartments of the bin, and have one or more outlet valves or shutes connected
therewith
I may arrange for the outlet valve of each division of the pipe to be opened and
shut as required By this means I can automatically mix, when being discharged,
the produce of two or more of the said compartments in any desired proportion
When bins are constructed of double sheets of corrugated metal, or of single sheets
lined so as to form pipes or tubes, or that pipes or hollow columns are used in the
construction of bins and are not required for other purposes, I may employ some one
or other of them instead of the pipe or pipes, I fit in the bin as described When it
is desired to draw off the produce from any desired height in the bin for mixing or
other purposes, or from the bottom of the bin only, so that it can be reloaded into the
same bin for the purpose of "turning," I may fit plugs or their equivalents in the
pipe or pipes, arranged so as to descend to any desired height on the top of the first
produce drawn off through the pipe or pipes, and thus prevent any further discharge
through the pipe above where the plug is stopped In constructing the pipes, when
I employ more than one in a bin, instead of making each pipe separately. I mav
construct only one large pipe and divide it by partitions into several smaller sized
ones By this means I considerably economize the quantity of material, the cost of
making, and the fitting in place of the pipes may also arrange for any number
of the holes in the pipe or pipes to be opened and shut as may be required to draw
off the produce at any particular height
It is obvious that the foregoing system for drawing off produce stored in bins is
equally applicable to all substances which run or are discharged by gravitation, stored
in similar structures, or in vats, tanks or other receptacles
These
Instead of using vertical central pipes for the purpose of drawing off the grain
from various parts of a bin, I may also use one or more vertical pipes, closed at the
top, or their equivalent at the sides or in other convenient place in a bin
pipes are provided with apertures having an area proportioned as previously set forth,
and they converge at their lower ends towards the central discharge orifice where the
produce is mixed
In order to increase the supply of air to the produce, I may sometimes place one
or more perforated pipes or passages at the inner sides or walls of the bins, said pipes
having larger openings at intervals with a perforated conical hood over each opening

page_text: to prevent the produce in the bin from entering the said air pipe, and to afford a
larger and freer passage for the air, which may be supplied either by forcing or
exhausting, or both combined
In the case of bins or silos already constructed, where it may not be practical to
have a free ingress of air at the bottom under a hopper, I fix a pipe or tube of a
smaller dimension than the outlet one used for discharging, in the outlet pipe with a
discharging valve, fitted so as to dispense with the valve of the original outlet pipe,
thereby leaving a space for the au to pass between the two pipes, and penetrate to
the bin under the hopper, and with an exhaust at the top of the bin, I cause the air to
percolate through the grain to the top, or may employ a central tube in combi-
nation with the said pipe, which will cause natural draught for the air to pass out at
the top, or I may exhaust the air through the said pipe or force it by a compressor
or blower through a pipe from the top to the lower part of the hopper and draw it
off, or allow it to escape at the top as described, or otherwise
When I construct refrigerating safes, compartments or houses or similar structures,
tanks, vats, or similar receptacles, bulk heads, sides, decks, skins, or cabins of vessels,
partitions, fireproof screens or curtains, fireproof safes, strong rooms, houses, rooms,
walls, balconies, theatres, and boxes thereof, and similar or other structures, requiring
greater facilities than by present system, for cooling, heating, ventilating, aerating,
means of extinguishing fire and other similar advantages, I form the walls, and,
according to the requirements of the structure, also the floors, ceilings, and doors, of
two or more thicknesses or layers of sheets of corrugated metal, placed and joined
together with the ridges of the corrugations opposite each other in the same manner
as when I construct bins hereinbefore described The joints may be made water-
tight By this method of forming tubes with the valleys of the corrugations, I obtain
a considerably greater number of pipes or tubes and a larger surface for some or all
of the above purposes, and relatively greater strength and at no extra cost than by
any other system I may cause air, steam, or liquid, to circulate through these pipes
or tubes, and arrange valves and mechanism to supply and draw off the same as
required, or I may utilize these tubes for some of the same purposes as when I
construct bins hereinbefore described I may make apertures or holes in these tubes
in the most convenient places for ventilation, aeration, or for jets of water, and I
may fix valves, hydrants and sprinklers actuated automatically by heat or otherwise
to these tubes for the purposes of extinguishing fire or other requirements
firescreens, curtains, partitions, and similar structures require to be made removable,
I may arrange counterweights, hydraulic or other mechanism to raise, lower, or
draw aside the same, as may be desired, and automatic or other means or mechanism
to cause an immediate supply of water when required in the above tubes, as also in
the hollow supporting standards, or other columns of structures to be discharged or
ojected through the perforations, hydrants, and sprinklers, in case of fire or other
emergency
When
WM P THOMPSON & Co,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Patent Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in or relating to Walls, Buildings, Silos, Bins, Ware-
houses Forts Batteries Theatres, Safes. Strong-rooms, and other
Structures, Ships Bargas, and other Vessels, Bulkheads Par-
titions, Shields, Tanks, Vats, Vehicles, Refrigerating Safes, Houses
or Compartments, Fireproof Screens. or Curtains and the like, and
Apparatus to be used in Combination therewith or Separately.
I, JAMES WILSON of Magazine Cottage, Liscard, in the County of Chester,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the

page_text: same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:―
334
تميز
This invention has partly for its object improvements in the construction of walls,
buildings, bins or silos, warehouses, forts, sheds, batteries, theatres and similar or
other structures, ships, barges and other vessels,, bulk heads, partitions, fire proof
screens or curtains, safes, strong rooms and the like, refrigerating safes, houses and
compartments, vats, tanks and similar structures, vehicles and the like
The inven-
tion also relates to devices, apparatus and mechanism to be used in combination
therewith or separately I do not limit my invention to the structures, etcetera, above
set forth or to any one of them, it is equally, applicable for a large number of other
purposes, and when facilities for aerating, ventilating, heating, cooling, mixing
extinguishing fire and relatively great strength, lightness, and cheapness
desired.
_
are
In constructing such buildings or structures I use, by preference, corrugated metal,
in two or more thicknesses or layers of sheets.placed with the ridges or convexities
of the corrugations opposite each other so as to cause the valleys or concavities of the
corrugations to form series of tubes or pipes between each sheet When I employ
two thicknesses or layers of sheets, one series of tubes is thus formed, and with three
layer of sheets, a double series of tubes is thus formed, and so on with each extra
layer of sheets By this method, I materially increase the resisting power of the
metal In some cases I employ only one thickness or single sheet of corrugated
metal, and whether I employ one, two, or more thicknesses or layers of sheets of this
metal, I arrange, if desired, to fit wedges in the valleys of the corrugations, or other
suitable appliances, by which I prevent the corrugations being flattened, displaced or
elongated, and thereby further considerably increase the resisting power of the metal
In some cases I line the structures with wood or other suitable material, and fill up
the spaces between the lining and the valleys of the corrugations and also the tubes
formed by the valleys of the corrugations hereinafter described, with any suitable
material or liquid, or the said spaces and tubes, or some one or other of them may be
used for cooling by liquid or air, heating by liquid, steam or air, ventilating, means
for extinguishing fire, or as passages for wires, rods, pipes, gas and water pipes and
similar or equivalent or other requirements
The invention 18 best described by aid of the accompanying drawings, in
which
Figure 1 is a plan.(shown partly in section as on line Figure 2) of one side of
a bin for storing grain with portions of the adjacent walls showing the method of
construction with corrugated metal
Figure 2 an elevation of the upper portion of the walls partly in section;
and
Figure 2A is a view shown in vertical section of a method of uniting the pipes in
the trefoils or spaces at the junction of the walls of adjacent bins and
Figure 2B an elevation of the same
Figure 3 various forms of bolts used in construction
Figure 4 is a sectional plan showing a modification in the details of constructing
walls of bins
15
Figure 5' is a similar view showing other modifications
Figures 6 to 14 inclusive show various ways of arranging, grouping and staying
the bins
Figure 15 is a sectional plan of a bin divided into compartments for heating,
cooling or drying the produce.
Figure 16 is a sectional plan of a bin divided into compartments by radial stays
or walls.
Figures 17 to 23 inclusive are examples of corrugated metal for constructing bins
or other structures, either rolled or similarly formed as shown in Figures 17, 18
and 18 or built up of separate parts as shown in Figures 19, 19, 19, 190, 20, 21,
22 and 23.

page_text: Figure 24 is a view in' horizontal section of another method of constructing the
walls of bins and other structures
Figure 25 shows a method of constructing a bin with louvres adapted to ensure
the free ingress of air to permeate the produce
Figure 26 18 an elevation, and
Figure 27, a plan of the top ventilating cover of a bin.
Figure 28 is an elevation partly in section showing the manner in which the
produce is distributed to the various bins
Figure 29, plan of same
Figures 30 and 31 are a plan and a sectional elevation of the produce filler and
grating used therewith.
Figure 32 18 an elevation, and
Figure 33 a plan of a portion of the aerating, ventilating, and sampling
apparatus
Figures 34 to 38 show enlarged details of the sampling apparatus depicted in
outline in Figures 32 and 33
Figures 39, 40 and 41 shows the hopper bottom of the bin and devices connected
therewith, being top plan, sectional elevation (on line gg. Figure 39) and bottom plan
respectively
Figure 42, a plan of a four way valve applicable for attachment to the delivery,
orifices of a bin for filling four sacks or receptacles at one operation
Figures 43 and 44 show, in sectional elevation and plan, a modified form of hopper
bottom as applied to existing bins;
Figures 45 and 46, details of same
Figure 47 is a plan showing another modification of hopper bottom as applied to
the bottoms of bins
Figure 48 sectional elevation of same on line u u
Figure 49 18 a plan showing a modified arrangement for use in bins having a
sloping bottom and central orifice
Figure 50 is a sectional elevation of same on line y y
Figure 51 is a perspective view of a portion of same
Figure 52 is a plan of another and simpler modification adapted to bins with
sloping bottoms and central orifices
Figure 53 is a sectional elevation of same on line 9 g.
Figure 54 is a sectional elevation, and
Figure 55 a plan of an alternative arrangement of the device set forth in Figures 49
and 50 as applied to a hopper bottom of a bin
Figure 56, a sectional elevation of bin showing devices for aerating and sampling
the produce,
Figure 57, a sectional elevation showing the manner in which the produce may be
fed into and distributed in the bin
Figure 58 is a sectional elevation of an alternative appliance by which the produce
is fed into the bin and projected to the walls of the bin,
Figure 59, a sectional elevation of an arrangement for more effectually and
thoroughly mixing the produce as it is being drawn off from the bin
Figure 60, a sectional elevation, and Figure 61 plan of an alternative arrange-
ment
Figure 62 is a longitudinal section of the wall of a fort or battery
Figure 63 is an elevation of a theatre screen or curtain with the corrugations placed
in a horizontal duection, and
Figure 64, a vertical section of the lower part of the curtain shown in elevation in
the preceding figure
Figure 65 is a vertical section of the lower part of a theatre curtain having the
corrugations placed vertically
Figure 66 is a sectional plan of Figure 64
Figure 67 is a sectional elevation showing the invention as applied to walls, ceilings
floors, etcetera

page_text: Figure 69 a modification of the same
Figure 70 is an elevation showing a modified form of construction for theatre
screens or curtains
Figure 71 is a sectional plan of an upright bulkhead or partition, and
Figure 72 is a horizontal partition arranged beneath a floor 01 a deck of a
steamer
I will first proceed to describe the invention more particularly in detail in con-
nection with structures sometimes called warehouses, stores, granaries, elevators,
silos and bins, which for brevity are hereinafter called bins, and pincipally for the
storage of gain, peas, beans, nuts, keinels, seeds and similar or other granular
substances in bulk Heretofore such structures have generally been built of brick,
stone, concrete, wood and similaı materials, which must be of sufficient strength to
resist all the pressures to which they may be subjected The weight of these
materials upon the foundations exceeds by many times the weight of the material 1
employ Such structures are built at relatively great cost, and do not offer the other
important advantages of my invention herein described
I construct my bins of any convenient shape, either rectangular, polygonal,
hexagonal, circular or other shape, and group them together in different ways as
may be most convenient, the main object being to construct and group them in such
a manner that they shall mutually support each other to the best advantage, and give
extra facilities for preserving and manipulating the produce stored therein while
leaving a maximum of storage in a given area
Referring to Figures 1 to 3 inclusive,-
The walls of the bins are made of comparatively light plates of corrugated metal A
placed either vertically, horizontally, diagonally or otherwise The drawings show
the plates A overlapping each other at their vertical edges a and secured by rivets
screws or bolts a¹ or other suitable fasteners The horizontal ends of said plates,
preferably, butt against each other as shown at a³, Figure 2, but if desired they may
overlap each other In the latter case, they are secured to each other by screws, 11vets
or bolts
On each side of the sheets is secured, preferably by bolts b,a Tiron B These Tirons
extend right round the bin forming a rigid frame to which the metal wall plates
are secured At the extreme top and bottom of the bin the plates A are secured by
similar bolts to angle irons 13 in preference to T irons (see also Figure 12)
Both T and angle iron frames may be made either in a piece or in sections
sections, then joints may be stiffened by cover plates
If in
The sides of the bin are made vertical as shown in the drawing
Also the Tor
angle iron frames are preferably of lighter cross section as they approach the top of
the bin
If found necessary other frames may be introduced at intervals between those
which cover the horizontal joints a³
I preferably fill up the concavities of the corrugations between the plates A and the
horizontal frames Bor B¹ with blocks of wood O or other suitable material These
act as wedges against the adjoining convexities and are secured in position by any
suitable fastenings The corrugations are thus maintained in position and are pre-
vented from being elongated or fastened This materially increases the strength and
rigidity of the structure
Holes are made at intervals in the flanges of the T horizontal bars, to which
rings or hooks can be fixed for fastening scaffolding in case of repairs or other
requirements
Where the condensation of vapours upon the metal plates is considered to be
deleterious to the produce, the bin can be lined with wood, in which case the blocks C
can be lengthened so as to form strips as shown at C¹, Figure 2, which extend the
'entire distance between the horizontal frames These may be covered if necessary by
light boards, lath and plaster, or other suitable material
The plates A may be placed two or more deep as desired They are arranged back
to back with their convexities touching or nearly so, as shown in Figures 1 and 4,

page_text: I
etcetera By this arrangement, I obtain a structure composed of a series of tubes or
cylinders, which is able to resist every kind of strain likely to be brought upon it
can therefore use a comparatively much lighter metal than has been hitherto employed
in any other method of construction Where two or more sheets are arranged aš
above described, the spaces between the sheets may be filled up with, concrete,
asphalte, cork shavings, sawdust, sand, cement, or other suitable packing as
shown at C, Figure 1 In this case the blocks C aforesaid may if desired be
dispensed with
The angles of the bins are by preference rounded or flattened as shown in Figure 1
The angles being made round or flattened, a triangular space D is formed at the
Junction of the walls of adjacent bins This space may be filled with material similar
to what is herein before described for filling in the spaces between the corrugated
sheets I prefer, however, to place vertical cylindrical pipes D¹ in these triangular
spaces (see Figures 1, 2, 4 and 12) The pipes may be of iron or other material,
and may be either plain or corrugated, the spaces round the pipe being filled in with
suitable packing C as shown in Figure 2 The pipes D are preferably made in
lengths and may be socketed together in the manner shown in Figures 2 and 2b, and
secured by bolts d'or their equivalents engaging bayonet slots in the said pipes
The bayonet slots are preferably inclined slightly so as to tighten up the joint on
imparting a partial turn to the pipe In an alternative arrangement shown
Figure 2, the pipes are united at their joints d by sockets D° (Figure 2) to which they
The sockets D2 extend outwards
may be secured by bolts, rivets or their equivalent
The joints d are
from the pipes D¹ and form a solid abutment for the plates A
preferably so located that each socket D³ shall come opposite a T or angle iron frame
as shown in Figure 2 Bolts are passed through the T iron of one bin, through
the corrugated plates A and socket D³ and through the T iron of the adjacent bins, so
that the whole is bound firmly together Bolts d are also embedded at intervals
in the packing C and pass through intermediate T or angle iron frames or simply
hereinafter to be
through the plates A (see Figure 1 and also Figure 4
described)
in
The bodies of the plates A are united by bolts a³ By means of this method of
Various kinds of
bolting, the plates and frames of adjacent bins are all firmly united
bolts are used, such for example as shown in Figure 3, according to the position in
which they are required, and the object they have to fulfil The spaces between the
plates A may be filled with circulating freezing mixture, cold water or cold air for
Or steam, hot air or hot water may be
the purpose of keeping the bins cool
similarly applied to heat the bins In the case of steam or liquids being used, the
Joints of the plates or the bolt holes are made water tight, the former being
preferably overlapped Or, by perforating the plates and passing air along the
spaces between them, a ready means of aerating the contents of the bin is obtained.
Or some or all of these spaces may be used as extra means of discharging the bins or
as passages for lines, wires, gas or water pipes, etcetera, or for other requirements
In case of fire or other emergency, the pipes D¹ can be employed as reservoirs for
water, or an extra means for discharging the bins, or for other purposes, or as passages
for elevators hoists, gas or water pipes, etcetera Their chief use is to bind together
and materially strengthen the structure
In Figure 4, a portion of a bin is shown in which wooden frames are used instead
of the Tor angle bars B B1, the frames being made in sections, the joints being, in
each case, secured by cover plates A modified form of socket 19 also shown having
bolts cored in the angles Bolts are passed through the plates 3, sections B³,
and sockets D³, into nuts placed in the holes d¹ Moreover, sometimes bolts are
passed at intervals through the spaces or pipes D¹, plates A, and bin frames, as in
Figures 6. 7, 10 and 11
In Figure 5. another way is shown of arranging the sections B of the wooden
frames, the end 63 of one section being placed opposite a joint 6* between two adjacent
sections in the adjoining bin,

page_text: corners.
$
This arrangement of sections is most suitable for bins without rounded or flattened
The plates A in Figure 5 are shown placed a short distance apart and filled in
between with concrete C3, or other suitable packing In this packing, as shown in
Figure 10, there may also be placed at intervals vertical pipes D³ preferably of smaller
diameter than the corner pipes 'D', which give additional strength and rigidity to the
walls Similar pipes D+ may also be placed in the walls at intervals, even when the
plates A touch each other, the latter being turned outwards and flanged for the purpose
as shown at 65 Figure 8
In Figures 6 to 11, the wall frames are shown built up of flat bars or wooden
battens instead of T or angle bars as in Figures 1, 2 and 12, the particular shape of
these frames in cross section being capable of variation
In Figure 11, a bin is shown in which only one thickness of plate A is used for the
walls In such a case the blocks C, referred to in reference to Figures 1 and 2, are
most essential to keep the corrugations from being flattened
In Figures 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 9 and 12, two sheets A, and in Figure 6, three sheets A, are
shown placed back to back
The bins being of any convenient shape in plan, either rectangular, polygonal or
circular, may be grouped in many different ways, the main object being to make
them and to group them in such a manner that they shall mutually support each
other to the best advantage, while leaving a maximum amount of storage space on a
given area
When groups of bins of a square or rectangular shape are required, instead of
employing the method heretofore adopted, of placing the walls or divisions of each in
direct lines, I construct them so as to "break joint," that is, I place the end wall of
each bin so that it will meet the centre of the side wall of the adjacent bin, as shown
in Figures 6 to 11 By this arrangement, I reduce by one half the unsupported
surface of the walls which are presented to the pressure of the contained produce
When the bins are constructed of a cylindrical shape, it is preferable to group them as
shown in Figures 13 and 14, each bin forming the centre of a group of five (as in
Figure 13) or of seven (as in Figure 14) The bins are secured together by bolts a
and curved plates a placed at intervals in a vertical direction The corrugations of
the sheets A are placed horizontally in evlindrical shaped bins, as greater rigidity and
strength to resist the strain upon it are thereby obtained In the trefoils or spaces
between the bins, vertical cylinders or pipes D5 are by preference placed, of such a
diameter as to touch each of the surrounding bins, and fastened thereto by plates at
and bolts a³ in the manner herein before described for fastening the bins together
When desired, the aforesaid trefoils may be filled up with concrete
equivalent
In this case,
I substitute for the bolts and inner plates a, flat headed bolts or
bolts with large plates, such as shown in Figure 4, which are embedded in
the concrete, etcetera, and pass through the plates A into the bins
pipes D5 or the unoccupied trefoils without the pipes may be filled up or used for
The aforesaid
storing produce or for elevators, hoists or other similar apparatus, or
of the purposes hereindescribed with reference to the pipes D' of Figures 2
for any
+
and 3
or its
When bins are required for heating or cooling or drying produce, I may subdivide
them by partition walls K, see Figure 15, and follow the same construction as
heretofore described This subdivision brings the bulk of the produce into closer
proximity with the cooling, heating or drying element, and enables it to be drawn off
and refilled into an adjoining compartment if required
between the sheets aa and is kept in circulation by escape valves
Air, steam or liquid is forced
The produce can be kept in motion by screws, rotating arms or other appliances
Figure 16 is a sectional plan of a hexagonal bin divided into compartments either
for the purpose of storing smaller quantities of produce than in the large bins, and
facilitating the mixing of the 'produce which is being drawn off from these several

page_text: compartments through the central pipe, or for the purpose of strengthening the
structure, or for sampling or aerating the produce
A are the radial arms for strengthening or dividing the structure, Ba
vertical tube
or pipe from which the said arms radiate, and which can be used for the purposes of
sampling aerating or mixing the produce as herein before mentioned
In Figures 17 to 23 inclusive, several ways of forming corrugated metal, for use
not only in the construction of bins but for other purposes, are shown as examples.
Those in Figures 17, 18 and 18* are rolled or otherwise formed, those shown in
Figures 19, 194, 19B and 19° are built up and constructed of separate plates e rolled
into convenient shapes and fastened together by rivets and those illustrated in the
succeeding Figures are built up of separate plates or sheets placed parallel to
and at a short distance apart from each other and connected by rivets (Figures 20, 21
and 22) or by bolts (Figure 23) In some cases, pipes, segments of pipes or the like
may be fitted at intervals in the spaces between the plates, or the said spaces may be
filled up with concrete or other substance, and the walls of the bins may be lined
with wood or other material so as to form a smooth or even surface An alternative
construction of the walls of bins is shown in Figure 24, in which flat sheets f are
placed at a short distance apart and are strengthened by pipes f¹ or the like fitting
the spaces between the said plates
In order to ventilate the produce, I sometimes construct the walls of strong
standards a (Figure 25) having sloping grooves or guides, into which shelves or
boards are slid, so as to form louvres The said louvre boards are at such an angle
as to ensure the produce running freely over them, and the spaces between them
permit of free ingress of air to permeate the produce The louvre boards overlap,
the lower extremity of one board being slightly below the upper extremity of the
louvre board immediately beneath, and any produce is thus prevented from running
out between the boards
I will now proceed to describe my apparatus as applied to bins, but it must be
understood that the said apparatus 19 applicable not only for this purpose but for
warehouses or receptacles where granular substances are stored at considerable depths
Various modifications of the apparatus are shown on the diawings, but they all have
for their object the delivering of produce in a satisfactory manner, and to accomplish
this, it is necessary that the produce should be filled into the bins properly, that it
should, whilst there, be preserved in good condition, and that it should be delivered
having a uniform quality
Some of the objects I have had in view in designing the apparatus are
follows
as
(1) To cause the produce to descend evenly all over the area of the bin, thereby
permitting of it being refilled into the same bin, when required to be turned, instead
of into another bin as at present I thus practically add considerably to the storage
capacity of the structure
(2) To discharge all the produce of uniform quality instead of, as at present, the
heavy or good quality running off first, and the light or inferior quality afterwards,
the result of which is, that when more than one buyer receives produce from the same
bin, to one is delivered produce superior in quality to what he bought, and to the
others, produce of an inferior quality
(3) To aerate the produce in a more efficient and economical manner than
hitherto
(4) To more easily draw off, or take samples of, the produce than by other
methods
(5) To give easy access through the bottoms to the interior of the bins instead of,
as hitherto, the costly, inconvenient and risky method of lowering men from the top to
the bottom of bins
(6) To give an extra and more expeditious way than heretofore of drawing off the
produce in case of fire or other emergency
1 4
Referring to Figures 26 to 29, G is the top wall of the bin and is provided with a
feeding aperture G¹ (Figure 26) which is surrounded by a combing G³. I fit a cover

page_text: or ventilator G³ over the feeding aperture G¹ made of iron or other suitable material
The cover G³ is made with one
so as to stand several inches above the combing G
'or more louvres G, projecting outside the combing G2 so as to give a free passage
for the air. and gases to escape from the bin, and at the same time to prevent water
(in the case of fire) entering the bin before it rises above the height of the combing:
The cover is removed
The cover is provided with a loose lid 7 and a handle g¹
when the produce is to be run in, and a grid shown in Figures 28 and 29 inserted
in place.
Referring to Figures 28 and 29 On the top wall G of the bins, in the most central
These are, by
position and at suitable heights, I place hoppers or receptacles H
When
preference, mounted in telescopic columns H₁ to permit of their being raised to any
desired height, and revolved on their vertical axis to any angle Into the hoppers H
the produce is run, either by gravitation through a pipe I, or by an endless web or
band, or otherwise To these hoppers I fix one or more easily removable telescopic
pipes HH, the top one being hinged or flexibly jointed ath to the stem H³ of the
hopper The pipes H³ when not being used remain in a vertical position alongside
or against the column H¹ of the hopper, thereby occupying very little space
the hopper is turned in the direction necessary to fill any of the surrounding bins, one
or more of the pipes H3 can be easily raised by a cord or chain passing over a
pullev hon support 5, and fixed at the angle required to run the produce by
The total length of the pipes H*
gravitation into any of the surrounding bins
or
The hopper H is formed with one more
is adjusted by cords or chains h³
When only one
stems H3 so that a number of bins may be filled at the same time
bin is being filled, the superfluous pipes H2 may be removed and the stems closed by
valves h³ When the produce is run off, the pipe or pipes are again let down to the
original position close to the column of the hopper By these means, I supply, as
required, any one, or several of a group or series of bins, without any further space
being occupied than the width of the pipes in a direct line from the hoppers to the
bins This plan obviates the method of having one or more permanently fixed pipes
from the hopper to each bin, and also permits the space now occupied by these
permanent pipes to be utilized for storing produce or for other requirements
most of the present methods for filling grain into bins, the heavier particles remain in
the centre whilst the lighter ones are precipitated to the bottom or outside edge
thereof To obviate this separating of the produce no different qualities, I fill up
the bins through a conical hopper or filler J, Figures 5 and 5A, which is fitted into
the aperture G1 at the top of the bin so as to be easily removable, the area of its
outlet being so contracted that the produce, when being filled through it into the
centre of the bin, will form a compact column The filler J will also prevent
the dust escaping from the bin to the upper floor whilst the former is being
filled.
In
Above the filler J, I support on legs 7 a grating J¹ made of a convex or sloping
form, as shown in Figures 30 and 31, the bars being so spaced as to allow a tree
passage for the produce whilst intercepting pieces of sacking or other substances
likely to obstruct the pasage of the produce through the mixing apparatus hereinafter
described Said substances, from the shape of the grating, will be arrested by it or
will fall outside the filler
When the produce in the bin 19 not aerated, it is very liable to "heat," which is
In order to obviate
injurious to its quality, and entails great expense in turning
this and to preserve and maintain the produce in the bins in good condition, I employ
Part of thesc
certain aerating devices which ventilate, dry and cool the produce
devices are located at the bottom of the bin, and will be hereinafter described in
connection, with the discharging apparatus The other part is contained in the body
of the bin and will now be set forth, reference being had to Figures 32 and 33
K, K, K, area, series of hollow perforated vertical tubes, placed concentrically one
above the other in the centre of the bin, so as to permit of a current of hot or cold
air circulating or permeating through the produce, whilst allowing heated air and
.gases generated by the heating or decomposition of the produce, to escape at the

page_text: top The series of tubes K is supported in the centre of a light framing, composed
of vertical gas piping, or tubes of small bore, which are united to each other and
to the tubes, by stay pieces A¹ The framing kk and tubes K are supported at the
bottom of the bin on an inverted cone, and extend upwards from this point almost
to the top of the bin, being stayed, if necessary, by rods or lines from the bin walls.
The bottom end of the lower tube K is fixed on the top of the said cone so that the air
has a free ingress into the tube K from underneath the cone
Each perforated tube K opens at its lower end into a perforated hollow hood or
cone K also open at the base These hoods or cones throw off the produce and
keep it from entering the central tube K, the said produce forming hollows with
concave bottoms, extending from the central tubes to the lower edges of the cones,
as shown in dotted lines at K³, Figure 32 The upper ends of the tubes K can
thus be left quite open, and made to project a short distance above the bottom K³
of the aforesaid hollows These hollows, together with the cones K¹, thus act as
so many extra air chambers The perforated tubes K are preferably constructed
with branch perforated tubes or pipes K³ placed at intervals throughout the height
of the bin, extending outward and upward towards the walls thereof, and to any
required distance from the central tube (see Figure 33) In order to increase
the supply of air to the produce, I may, if desired, place one or more scies of the
aforesaid tubes and hoods against the walls of the bin Any or all of these series
of perforated tubes and cones may be either permanently fixed in the bin or may
be suspended therein so as to be readily removed for repairs or when not required
for use
Instead of tubes and cones, as aforesaid, a single perforated tube may be
used to aerate the produce
The tubes K and k are also utilized as follows for sampling purposes
Referring to Figures 34 and 35, being respectively longitudinal section and
transverse section, (on liner, Figure 34) K is the central tube, K³ one of the
branch pipes and k one of the tubes of the supporting framing The outer end K*
of the perforated pipe K³ is normally closed by a slide L This slide is operated
by means of a cord, chain, or wirel The coid passes along a tube L' and mto
and up the tube k to the top extremity thereof, being guided by wheels at the ends
of the said tubes L The tube L is attached, at its upper end, to the upright
framing tube k, and at its lower extremity it is secured to the outer end K of
the tube K³, by a T-piece L2, on the outer face of which the slide L works in
guides, Figure 35 The produce is prevented from choking these guides, and
the lower wheel by a cover L³ which also slides on the T piece L³
When the
slide L is released after being drawn up, it is returned into position by a spring L
enclosed in a case L5 attached to the branch aerating pipe K³ In Figure 32, the
pipes L are each shown communicating with a different framing tube h, so that the
coid from each slide L passes up a different tube This arrangement is however
optional One or more long sample drums M are let down the main perforated tube K
by means of a rod M¹or its equivalent, and are connected to each other by hooks or
1ods M³ The sample drums are prevented from turning on their axes by means of
a groove m in the sides, which embraces a feather m (Figure 38) in the central
tube K The drums M have side ofices M³ near their top, and below these orifices
there is sufficient space within the dium to hold the contents of the bianch pipe K³.
As seen from Figure 36, the side ofice M³ of one sample drum is placed in
different angular position, relative to the groove m, from that of anothei drum By
this means, the dium required to obtain a sample from any particular branch tube K³
may be at once selected, and the said drum cannot receive produce from any other
branch pipe in the bin A deflecting plate m² is placed in each dium to assist in
emptying it To obtain a sample, a dium is lowered into the the central tube K until its
blank end covers the mouth K5 of the branch pipe K3 This pipe is then filled by raising
the slide L by means of its cord The slide is then closed and the drum lowered
till its orifice M³ is opposite the mouth K5, when the contents of the branch pipe
are shot into it It is then 1aised and drawn out at the top of the main tube K,
Or a sample may be obtained from the central part of the bin, by drawing up §
0

page_text: slide L of the said tube, see Figures 37 and 38, being respectively elevation (partly
in section) and transverse section (on line yy Figure 37) This slide is operated
from the top of one of the tubes k through the medium of a rod k
The bin is still further ventilated and the produce aerated through the hopper
bottom, shown in figures 39 to 41, which also depict the means employed for drawing
off, mixing, and discharging the produce
For the purposes of aeration the hopper bottoms shown in Figures 39 to 41 are
constructed as follows.-
To each angle of a frame N, at the bottom of the bin, I attach a bearer N¹.
The bearers N point downwards, converging towards the centre of the bin, and
being united at the lower ends by a frame N2 On the sides of the bearers N¹,
grooves or 11bs n are formed for the reception of louvre boards or plates N³, which are
slid in from the outside or simply dropped upon the ribs from the inside Spaces
about an inch wide are left between the outside edge of one louve and the inside
edge of the next below it, both edges lying in about the same horizontal plane By
means of this arrangement of louvres, the produce can be thoroughly aeiated from
below while unable to trickle out through the bottom The louvres converge towards
the centre, leaving a central discharge O The louvres N³ are placed at such an angle
as will ensure the produce running freely over them, when discharging the bin, 'thus
preventing any residue remaining in the bottom of the bin By making these louvre
boaids to slide loosely between the bearers N¹, they may be readily removed from
the outside so as to afford easy access to the interior of the bin, when desired, or
when a large increase of discharge is required as in case of fie, or other emergency
The principle of aerating the produce by means of louvres may be applied to the walls
of bins as well as to their bottoms If desired, the aeration of the produce may
be assisted by any known exhaust or blower apparatus placed wherever most
convenient
Below the central discharge orifice O, I suspend, by chains 01, 01 fix by other
suitable means, a discharge hopper 03, which is fitted with a main discharge valve or
valves (3 The produce runs out through the central orifice O, and through
discharge pipes P2 (hereinafter to be described) into the discharge hopper 02 The
top edge of this hopper stands above the orifice O and the lower ends of the aforesaid
discharge pipes, so that, when the valve 03 is closed, the produce rises in the hopper,
and shuts off the supply from the bin, but cannot overflow As the cucumference of
the top of the discharge hopper is larger than the circumference of the ring of
pipes P, samples of the produce can be taken from it by the hand at all times
This hopper can be easily removed Or the produce may be allowed to run through
the holes without pipes on to an endless band, screw or other convevor fitted under-
neath in a trough or otherwise
Instead of providing one valve O for discharging the produce. I sometimes use a
four way valve shown in plan in Figure 42 A sack or receptacle for receiving the
grain may be placed under each orifice, and by opening the valves 03 the receptacles
Can all be filled at one time This device can be constructed with any suitable
number of orifices instead of four
The bottom of the bin is provided with a number of discharge orifices P P¹
arranged preferably in two or more concentric cucles, as shown in Figure 39
The orifices P P1 may be formed in the louvies N³, but they are preferably formed
by the upper extremities of short pipes P³ (hereinafter called " orifice pipes") These
pipes pass through the louvres N³, then lower ends being placed just above or pro-
Jecting for a short distance into the mouths of discharge pipes P
The discharge pipes På are arranged round the outside of the louvre hopper
and converge at their lower ends towards the central orifice O, then mouths being of
a greater area than the orifice pipes P³ in order to assist the aeration of the produce
(see Figure 41) The discharge hopper 02 thus receives all the converging streams
of produce from the orifices P P as well as that from the central orifice O Any
'or all of the discharge pipes P2 may be fitted with small valves through which
samples may be obtained When only one central orifice is employed, as at present,

page_text: it causes a separation of the heavy from the lighter particles, and, as a result, one
delivery of the produce is inferior, or superior, to another and to the average quality
of the produce in the bin This is very prejudicial to the receiver of the inferior
quality By distributing a number of orifices P P¹, as above set forth, over the
entire area of the bin, the produce therein can be drawn off uniformly, without fear
of separating it into different qualities as above described The discharge pipes P³
also serve to mix the produce, should its average quality in different parts of the bin
be unequal
The details and arrangements of the hopper bottom shown in Figures 39, 40 and 41
can be varied considerably according to circumstances, without departing from the
main principles of the invention
In bins in which only one central orifice is preferred, the louvre hopper bottom,
shown in Figures 43 and 44, may be applied On the beams QQ of the original
bottom a small platform Q1 is placed, in which is formed the central orifice O. The
corner beams or bearers N¹ are placed at the required angle against the corners of
the bin walls, their lower ends resting on the platform Q' and being retained in
position by the toe pieces Q2 attached to said platform, and shown in detail in
Figures 45 and 46 The top louvres N' are held in position by buttons n³, or then
equivalent, which are attached to the bearers N
The said louvres and buttons also
The other louvres N³ are slid
serve to hold the upper ends of the bearers in position
in or down on to the ribs n, as before described in reference to Figures 39 to 41
In bins when required to have a uniform flow of produce and aeration, a modified
form of hopper bottoms is applied, such as is shown in Figures 47 and 48 In the
bottom of the bin there is fitted a horizontal framing Q³ made preferably of Tor
angle iron, and in the spaces of the said framing supported by the bars thereof,
a number of small hoppers R are placed, any or all of which may be removable
The orifices P of all these hoppers except the two central ones R¹ are each connected
with discharge pipes P³, which, as in Figure 40, converge into the common discharge
hopper 02 A removable louvre ventilator S, of a pyramidal or conical shape, and
open at the bottom, is placed in the centre of the bin and upon the dividing ridges r of
the hoppers R R¹ The lower edge of the ventilator is notched, as seen in Figure 47
so as to sit firmly on the ridges r The air has a free passage up through the central
hoppers and ventilator S Existing bins with sloping bottoms with one central orifice,
and in which it is not convenient or practicable to have apertures at the bottom, may
be ventilated and the produce drawn off uniformly by the modified arrangement shown
in Figures 49 and 50 In the main outlet pipe 04 is fixed a pipe or tube 05 about an
inch or so less in diameter The discharge hopper or outlet valve is attached to the
smaller pipe 05 There is, by this means, a free ingress for the air into the bin
between the two pipes Over this main pipe I place an apparatus constructed as
follows. To the outside of a hollow truncated cone T are attached a number of hollow
pointed radial arms T¹ The arms T fitted to the cone are of such a length that,
when placed at the bottom of the bin, their points will touch the angles of the walls
or as near thereto as desirable. and they slope upwards at such an angle that their
lower faces trest close to the sloping bottom of the bin The arms T¹ slope down-
wards on each side of their radial centre line so as to form, with the outside of the
cone T and the sloping bottom U, a series of dividing ridges r, and discharge
orifices P5 (Figure 49) The produce runs through these orifices, along the bottom U,
beneath the arms and the cone T, and into the discharge pipe 05, the space between
this pipe and the outer pipe 04 being bridged over by the lining in the arms
linings are extended downwards as at t¹ beyond the edge of the discharge pipe 05,
and the outer edges of the arms are turned outwards as shown in Figure 51 so as to
form flanges The flanges 3 rest on the bottom U of the bin, and thus the air
spaces are formed between the bottom U and the linings of the arms which extend
the entire distance from the air inlet 0° to the tip of the arms At the latter points
the air passes through orifices and louvres tinto the arms, and thence it finds its
way through orifices Po in the ridges By this means an unimpeded air ingress is
provided The orifices P also serve as discharge orifices, the produce running down
T
These

page_text: through the arms T¹ and through openings to in the cone T The central opening of
the cone T is covered with a louvre ventilator S¹ preferably conical in form which
rests on the ridges in a similar manner to that described in reference to Figures 47
and 48 and by means of which additional aeration is obtained The top or hood S of
this ventilator is attached to a hollow stem S³ capable of vertical movement and
formed with longitudinal slots S When desired the produce may be discharged
through these slots by pushing the stem S³ upwards until the lower edge of the
hood stands above the upper edge of the louvre next below it
In Figures 52 and 53 there is shown a simple and very inexpensive way of altering
the sloping bottom of a bin in accordance with my invention The orifices P are
formed close to the bin walls in the upper ends of pipes P' which are attached to
the bottom U in the angles thereof, and extend about half way from the bin wall to
the central discharge orifice O The lower ends of the pipes P7 open through the
sloping bottom U into the herein before described discharge pipes P2 attached to the
bottom Similar discharge pipes Ps alternating with the latter, are fed by discharge
orifices P¹ about half way down the walls of the hopper bottom
A modified arrangement for ventilating bins alieady constructed with sloping
bottoms, is shown in Figures 54 and 55 In this arrangement I place two boards
or plates T like a pent roof with openings at P5 P6 and P7 To each side and
radiating from the centres are other pent roofs T¹ T¹ provided with openings P5 at each
corner of the silo and also at Pe Rings of orifices are thus formed, and as all these
draw grain contemporaneously, and as the discharge valve into which they converge
may be made with rather greater area than all these put together, they draw off the
produce evenly from the bottom of the bin Another ring of orifices may be provided
if desired The device is shown in Figures 54 and 55, as applied to a bin with a
louvro hopper bottom
The produce in the bin may be still further aerated by the devices shown in
Figure 56 I make apertures in the soles or hoppers of bins into which I fit
pipes A A³ which reach to any desired height in the bin The pipes A are placed
at the sides or walls of the bin C and have openings at intervals with a louvre or
hood D perforated or otherwise over each opening, to prevent the produce in them
entering the said air pipes A³, and to afford a laiger and freer passage for the air
which may be forced through by a blower or other mechanism
The pipes A³ are arranged in the soles or hoppers and reach to any desired height
in the bin so as to take samples or aerate the produce in various parts The top of
these pipes is formed with slits A and covered by a hood A5 so that while allowing
free access for air into the bin, the produce cannot escape through the slots
Valves or openings a in the pipes A³ can be formed so as to take samples of the
produce These openings can be commanded by pipes A inside the pipes A³ provided
with holes such as A The pipes A can easily be turned until any of the holes aro
opposite each other when the produce will run through
In some cases I arrange a distributor W. Figure 57, at the top, so as to distribute
the produce evenly over the surface of the bin, instead of running in obliquely at one
point as generally done heretofore The distributor W may be made collapsible, or
so arranged as to be easily built up and taken down, and may be capable of being
revolved either by the force of the produce running down the feeding pipe X, or
other mechanism, or it may be stationary The distributor W may be mounted on
a vertical spindle W provided with a puller W In the feed pipe I provide a
wheel X with paddles or blades, the spindle of said wheel being geared to the
pulley W by a belt or its equivalent The force of the produce running down the
feed pipe X will revolve the wheel X and rotate the distributor W The distributor
can however if preferred, be driven direct from a power shaft or other suitable
means
Referring to Figure 58, a is a filler or hopper having a horizontal plate b easily
removable arranged with a number of holes to ensure the produce being loaded
onto the centre of a distributor c made by preference of a belt shape fitted at or near
the top of the bin. This distributor may be made in two parts c¹ and c² in order to

page_text: more readily facilitate its being removed when required to be used for other bins,
the part which supports the part being suspended and stayed by chains and
rods d' The distributor is preferably of a cucumference sufficient to project the
produce to the walls of the bin When it is desired to remove the distributor, the
ller is first taken off and the part can then be lifted through the aperture in
the top of the bin by the eye g, and the part c¹ can then be tilted, if necessary, so
as to pass through this aperture sideways
When bins are provided with one or more vertical tubes the produce can be more
thoroughly mixed as it is being drawn off, than heretofore This is shown in
Figures 59, 60 and 61
Figure 59 shows a bin with vertical pipes A, A1, A2, A³, closed at the top and
arranged at the sides, in which are holes or apertures a, b, c, d, etcetera, at any
desired heights and distances apart from each other The holes are preferably all
of equal area, and the sectional area or discharging capacity of each of said vertical
pipes is equal to about the aggregate area or receiving capacity of three of the said
holes or apertures The lower ends of the pipes preferably converge to the centre
or to the main outlet C of the bin B, which is under a suitable device for drawing
off the produce, such as that previously described The said pipes terminate in a
cone D, having apertures d for passing produce from the bottom of the bin
The mode of action of the device is as follows.
When the bin B and vertical pipes are filled or partly filled, the produce 18
drawn off at different heights in the bin by the apertures through which, for the
time being, the produce passes away For example, if the bin is full and the grain is
being drawn off, the produce will pass away through the ports a, b, c—¹, b¹, c¹,-
a³, b, c³-a³, b³, ³, the other ports being blocked or cut off from the main supply in
the bin, owing to the compact column in which the produce descends in the said
pipes The aggregate area of three of the apertures in each pipe being equal to the
sectional area, or discharging capacity of the pipe, the produce can only pass through
three ports in each pipe at one time
When the produce descends, for example, below the port a, the port d will be
brought into operation in its place, and if it descends below the port for example,
the apertures in operation will be e, f, g-c¹ d¹ e¹—a² b³ cand a b
The produce is thus drawn off at different heights through the said pipes and meets
the produce being drawn off at the bottom, and the produce from various parts of the
bin is thoroughly mixed in the main outlet valve
Figures 60 and 61 show a bin with one perforated vertical central tube A and
perforated vertical pipes B closed at the top for drawing the produce from different
heights Care partitions radiating from the centre of the bin, which divide it into
separate chambers or compartments 1) The partitions C are firmly secured to the
walls of the bin, and their opposite ends are firmly secured to the central tube A
which is divided to correspond with the several compartments
The operation is similar to that described in connection with Figure 59 The
produce is drawn off at different heights in the respective compartments through
the apertures by which the produce for the time being, passes away For example,
if compartments C¹ of the bin, and compartments A¹ of the vertical pipe A are filled
to the line a b, Figure 60, and the compartment C³ of the bin, and compartment A
of the pipe filled to the line cd, the produce will pass off through the holes
immediately beneath said lines in the respective compartments of the pipe A, the
number of holes engaged in passing off the grain being of course proportionate to
the size of the holes and the area of the pipe The produce is at the same time
drawn off through the perforations at the upper ends of the pipes B, and mixes with
the produce issuing from the several compartments of the vertical pipe and with the
produce issuing through the bottom of the bin through the annular orifice c In this
way, the produce is drawn from various parts of the compartments of the bin and
is thoroughly mixed When desired to draw produce from the top only, the valves D
are closed, and the delivery, through annular orifice c and pipes B, 18 thereby
cut off.

page_text: '
An outlet valve for each division of the pipe may be arranged to be opened and
shut as required by the attendant, so that he can automatically mix, when being
discharged, the produce of two or more of the said compartments in any desired
proportion
When bins are constructed of double sheets of corrugated metal, or of single sheets
lined so as to form pipes or tubes, or when pipes or hollow columns are used in the
construction of bins and are not required for other purposes, I sometimes employ one
or other of them instead of the pipe or pipes described in connection with Figures 59,
60 and 61 aforesaid When it is desired to draw off the produce from any desired
height in the bin for mixing or other purposes, or from the bottom of the bin only,
so that it can be reloaded into the same bin for the purpose of tuining," I
sometimes fit plugs or their equivalents in the pipe or pipes aforesaid arranged so
as to descend to any desired height on the top of the first produce drawn off through
the pipe or pipes, and thus prevent any further discharge through the pipe above
where the plug is for the time being located
86
It is obvious that the foregoing system for drawing off produce stored in bins is
equally applicable to all substances which run or are discharged by gravitation or
stored in similar structures, such as vats, tanks, or other like receptacles
The invention as applied to screens or theatre curtains will be understood by
reference to Figures 63 to 70 inclusive The curtain is constructed of plates of
corrugated metal A either with the corrugations arranged vertically or horizontally.
In Figures 62, 63 and 65 the curtain has the corrugations placed horizontally, and
slides between two hollow columns or guides B B It can be raised or lowered by
means of cord C passing over pulleys C¹ with counterweight C or other suitable
mechanism, or it can be made in two parts, one of which is to be raised above and
the other lowered below the stage, and arranged to join in the centre when required
The curtain may be strengthened by bars a if required The hollow columns or
guides B are kept full of and are in communication with, a plentiful supply of
water, through the pipe b
D is a gridiron valve kept closed by the pressure of a spring d E is a vertical
trough approximately the same width as the screen or curtain, and may, if desired,
be provided with strips of rubber or other material for making an approximately
tight-joint
The cord C can easily be unloosed and is preferably of such material that it can
be cut or burnt so as to ensure the curtam descending or ascending quickly into place
on the stage in case of fire or other emergency When the cuitam descends, it
strikes the projection on the valve D, which causes the ports to be uncovered, and
water rushes up into the trough E, passes between the corrugated plates A and issues
through perforations or apertures made in the dges thereof, through which the
water is projected all around Sprinklers can be adapted thereto, the main object
being to eject a plentiful supply of water and to provide a strong curtain between
the stage and auditorium, to prevent the spread of fire
curtain travelling down too far
Fare stops to prevent the
In the alternative arrangement shewn in Figure 64, the curtain A has the corru-
gations placed vertically B is one of the hollow pillars, D the gridiron valve kept
closed by the pressure of the spring d. El is a horizontal trough constructed in a
similar manner to the trough E described in connection with Figure 63 When
the curtain is caused to descend, the corner a strikes the projection of the valve D,
thus overcoming the pressure of the spring d and opening the valve The water
rushes through the poits into the trough and between the plates, being ejected from
the perforations in the manner before described
In the case of houses, sheds, rooms, walls, balconies, theatres, etcetera, the walls,
ceilings or floors may be constructed of corrugated sheets with then convexities
arranged opposite each other, and with or without apertures, or perforations provided
in their convexities An example of such construction with perforations is shewn in
Figures 66, 67 and 68 in which B is a hollow column, pillar, or girder, A the plates
of corrugated metal arranged with their concavities touching or removed a short

page_text: distance apart
The plates A are firmly secured to the pillars P The pillars B
may of course be made of other suitable shape, the circular form being generally
most suitable when used as pillars C is a cross channel bar which is placed at each
end of the corrugated plates and is firmly secured to the pillais by bolts c, they
receive the ends of the corrugated plates A D is a water cock, by which water is
admitted to the channel C, flows down between the plates A, and issues from the
perforations in the corrugated plates ee are cords preferably of inflammable material
which hold the cock closed against the action of a spring When one or both of
the cords e are released, one or both of the levers e fly back, and water thereby
rushes through
proscenium arch
An alternative construction of a theatre curtain is shewn in Figure 70 in
which A A are iron curtains constructed of corrugated metal plates, the corrugations
being arranged vertically as before described B, B are pillars and C the top of the
D is the floor of the stage, E a reservoir or chamber, F rollers
for supporting the curtains A arranged in inclined planes as shown, G G gridiron
valves kept closed by the action of springs 7 g, H cords preferably of inflammable
material for holding the curtains clear of the proscenium
When the cords H are released the curtains A roll down the inclined planes of
the rollers F F by gravity until they are stopped by the buffer I
During their
descent the projections a on the curtain strike the projections gi on the valves G,
which causes the latter to open against the pressure of the springs g g and admit a
plentiful supply of water to the chamber E The water rises between the corrugated
plates and issues through the perforations therein, so that a plentiful supply of water
is projected all around
Refrigerating safes or houses or similar structures may be constructed with double
doors in the former to prevent the temperature being changed as little as possible
The walls, floors, ceilings, and doors may be made of two or more sheets of coi rugated
metal placed together as herein before described between which compressed air,
refrigerating mixture or other cold liquid may be caused to circulate and to escape
or flow off as they absorb the heat, and thus maintain a uniform low temperature in
the compartment
In the case of tanks, vats, or similar receptacles, the sides, bottoms, and covers may
be of two or more sheets of corrugated metal placed together as herein before
described, and hot or cold air, steam or liquid, as may be required, caused to
circulate and flow off, so as to maintain a uniform temperature of any desired
degree
Bulkheads, skins, partitions and decks of vessels, and the like, may be made on the
same principles as screens and curtains, that is, with holes in the ridges of the
corrugations (Figures 70 & 71) through which the air may be exhausted from or
forced into the hold for the purposes of ventilation or cooling the contents, or steam,
gas or liquid may be forced through for extinguishing fire, or for other emergency, or
some one or other of the tubes or pipes formed by the corrugation may be utilized for
taking the temperature of the hold or cargo or for other purposes
Figure 71 shews a floor or partition constructed of four layers or sheets of
corrugated metal so placed with their respective convexities and concavities touching,
that three rows of spaces a b and c are formed having perforations a¹¹¹ etcetera
through which air may be drawn from or forced into the hold, or water, etcetera,
ejected for extinguishing fire
For the purpose of ventilation or for extinguishing fire, etcetera, the corrugated
sheet d (Figure 72) may be placed underneath the decks of vessels having perforations
in its convexities through which air or water can be passed
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim 18.

page_text: corrugated metal plates, placed with their respective concavities opposite each other
so as to form a series of tubes, one for each double corrugation, whereby great
strength is obtained, said tubes being filled with asphalte, concrete or other suitable
material to prevent the corrugations being flattened on elongated, or with air, steam,
or water to regulate the temperature of the contents of the vessel or to be used in case
of fire or other emergency
2 The combination, in bins, of the corrugated metal plates A with the fiames B
of Toron at intervals, whereby the power to resist the lateral strains is greatly
augmented while the vertical strains are carried by the columns or standards and the
corrugated metal
3 The construction of walls, vessels or structures of two or more layers of
corrugated metal plates placed with their respective convexities opposite each other
and having concrete, cement or other suitable material filled in between some one or
other of the layers of the corrugated plates
4 In bins, the combination therewith of one, two or more layers of corrugated
metal sheets (rolled, built up of separate plates, or otherwise formed) placed vertically,
horizontally or otherwise to form the walls thereof
5 The construction of walls of bins of flat sheets of metal placed at a short
distance apart and strengthened by pipes or their equivalents fitting the spaces between
the said plates substantially as described
6 The combination with bins having corrugated metal walls, of blocks of wood or
other suitable material filling up the corrugations, whereby a smooth surface to the
walls is obtained on which moisture will not easily condense, and whereby the
strength is increased
7 In bins having rounded corners, the combination, with the space D formed by
plates A and filled with packing, of the pipe D' (Figure 2) formed in lengths, and the
sockets D extending out and forming a solid abutment for plates A at their joints,
substantially as described
8 The combination with bins having rounded corners and a space D, of the pipes D'
formed in lengths and socketed together in the manner shown in Figures 2 and 2
and secured by bolts or their equivalents engaging bayonet slots & in the said pipes,
substantially as set forth
9 A bin formed with hollow walls, made water tight and provided with means
whereby hot or cold water or air or steam can be introduced for the purposes
described
10 The arrangement of groups of rectangular bins with their lengths about twice
their breadth and ending and beginning opposite the centies of the contiguous bins,
so as to "break joint" substantially as set forth in Figures 6 to 11 inclusive, whereby
each bin end is a lateral support to the contiguous ones
11 The arrangement of bins with their centres supported by tiuss work meeting in
the centre substantially as set forth in Figure 9
12 The combination, with the walls of a bin formed of corrugated metal, of a
vertical pipe in the centre of the side round which the corrugated plates and
strengthening frames are bent or pass, substantially as described and shewn in
Figures 6, 7 and 8
13 In combination with bins grouped together, a series of vertical pipes enclosed
in the walls of the bins at their junctions, substantially as and for the purposes
described
14 In combination with the walls of bins formed mainly of two platings of
corrugated metal and horizontal framings, a series of vertical pipes at short distances
between the platings of corrugated metal, and the part between the platings not
occupied by pipes filled with a composition
15 In the construction of bins, the combination of three or more layers of
corrugated metal arranged back to back substantially as set forth in Figure 6
16 In combination with bins divided into compartments for the purpose set forthi,
'a central vertical tube or pipe B divided by radial walls into a like number of

page_text: compartments from which the arms or walls A radiate, and which can be used for
mixing, discharging, sampling aerating, etcetera, substantially as described and shown
in Figure 10
TG
f
So
17 In the construction of bins the combination of standards'a and louvres b's
mounted in the said standards as to permit the free ingress of air to permeate the
produce while preventing any produce from running out between the louvre boards
substantially as described in reference to Figure 25
"
18 In a bin for storing grain or other produce in bulk, the combination with a
feeding aperture G and combing G³, of a ventilating cover G³ substantially as and for
the purposes described
19 In combination with bins for storing grain or other produce in bulk, a hopper H
(having several openings below with valves h³) 1evolvable on its axis, telescopic
column H and telescopic flexible Jointed spout or spouts attached to stems of the said
hopper, substantially as and for the purposes described in reference to Figures 28
and 29
20 In combination with a bin, a filler J (Figures 30 and 31) having its lower
orifice so proportioned that the produce when being filled through it forms an almost
compact column and thereby lessens the tendency of the produce to separate into
different qualities and prevents the dust from flying out, substantially as described
21 In combination with the filler such as described in claim 18, a grid or grating Ț¹
placed above the filler and made of a convex or sloping form, the bars being so placed
as to intercept and throw off pieces of sacking and other substances, while allowing a
free passage for the produce, substantially as set forth
22 In combination with bins, the aerating and sampling apparatus, substantially as
described and shown in reference to Figures 32 to 38 inclusive
23 In combination with the sloping bottom or hopper of a bin, the discharge
pipes Parranged round the outside of said hopper, and converging at their lower
ends towards the central orifice O, whereby the produce can be aerated and drawn off
uniformly, substantially as described in reference to Figures 7 to 9 inclusive
24 The combination with bottoms for bins, or orifices and pipes for drawing off,
aerating, and sampling the produce substantially as described and shown in Figures 39,
40 and 41
t
25 The combination with an outlet spout or discharge hopper of a bin, of a
discharging valve having two or more outlets each controlled by a valve and adapted
to deliver the produce simultaneously, substantially as described
26 A louvre hopper for the bottoms of bins having a series of louvres N³ and
bearers N provided with grooves or ribs pointing inward and downward, in which
said louvres slide, the top of one groove being slightly above the bottom of the other
with a clear space between the grooves, substantially as and for the purposes
described
27 The arrangement of a bottom in a bin in the form of two or more hoppers with
sharp edges between, whereby all the produce is discharged by gravitation
28 In combination with a bin for storing produce, a series of small hoppers R of
approximately equal area forming the bottom of the bin and a series of pipes P
proceeding therefrom and pointing downwards and inwards to the receiving and
discharge hopper, whereby the produce is aerated, sampled, and drawn equally from
all parts of the bottom of the bin, substantially as described and illustrated in
Figures 47 and 48 of the accompanying drawings
29 In combination with the sloping bottom of a bin, a hollow truncated cone T, a
number of hollow pointed arms T₁ radiating therefrom, which form, with the outside,
the cone T, and the sloping bottom of the bin, a series of hoppers and dividing
ridges r, and a number of apertures or orifices P³, P, all over the surface, whereby
the produce is aerated and drawn off evenly from the bottom, substantially as
described and shown on Figures 49 and 50 of the drawings
30 In combination with a bottom hopper formed of a series of dividing ridges, a
cover of a conical or pyramidal shape placed over the ridges or arms of the mixing

page_text: apparatus whereby ventilation 18 effected without injury or obstruction to the
discharge
31 In a bin, the combination of a top or hood S³, hollow stem S³ and slots S*,
substantially as and for the purposes described
32 In combination with the sloping bottom and outlet pipe of a bin, the lesser
concentric tube 05, forming an annular ventilating shaft, substantially as described and
shown on Figure 50
33 In a bin having an ordinary sloping bottom hopper, the combination with the
central orifice of one or more concentric rings of orifices P, P¹, pipes P¹ P³, and
secondary hopper O³, whereby it is at once altered from a one orifice bottom to a
bottom delivering equally over its entire area
34 In combination with the sloping bottom of a bin, the sloping boards or plates T¹
like a pent roof, the smaller branch roofs Te proceeding therefrom, and the holes or
openings P³ distributed over the area, the whole forming a series of hoppers with
dividing ridges between, substantially as and for the purposes described and shown on
Figures 54 and 55
35 In a bin, the combination with the outlet pipe of two or more discharge shutes
and valves for the purposes described
36 The devices for aerating the produce in the bin, substantially as described in
reference to Figure 56 of the drawings
37 The means provided for distributing the produce, when fed into the bin, evenly
over the surface, consisting of the distributor W, made collapsible and capable of
revolving on its axis by the force of the produce or otherwise, substantially as
described and shown in Figure 57 of the drawing
38 In combination with a bin, the filler a, horizontal perforated plate b, and
distributor c, substantially as and for the purpose set forth
39 In bins, the use and employment of vertical tubes or pipes, each reaching to a
different height in the bin, and having ports or apertures through which the produce
from various parts of the bin is admitted and thoroughly mixed together in the main
outlet valve, substantially as described in reference to Figure 31
40 In combination with a bin, the vertical passages A A¹ A2 A³ (Figure 59)
having apertures or ports through which the produce is drawn from various parts of
the bin, the cone D having apertures d in which the said vertical passages terminate,
substantially as described
41 In combination with a bin divided into compartments (Figures 60 and 61) the
vertical tube A divided to correspond with the compartments in the bin, and having
ports or apertures through which the produce is drawn from the various compartments
of the bin and mixed together in the main outlet valve, substantially as set forth
42 In combination with a bin with a central tube A divided into compartments, the
pipes B having ports or perforations and valves D, substantially as described
43 In forts, shields and the like, the combination of two or more layers of
corrugated metal, placed with their respective concavities opposite each other and
bound firmly together by bolts and plates, the space between the said cavities and
between each series of plates A and A¹ being filled with any good resisting substance
such as earth or concrete, substantially as set forth
44 In walls, ceilings floors, screens, theatre curtains, bulkheads. vessels and the
like, the combination of two or more lavers of corrugated metal placed with their
respective concavities opposite each other, the space between said corrugated metal
plates being used for ventilation, or in the case of fire filled with water which issues
through perforations in the ridges of the corrugations, and is projected all around
45 In combination with a theatre curtain, the hollow columns B in which the
curtain slides (which are kept full of, and are in communication with a plentiful
supply of water) and the valves D kept closed by the pressure of a spring having a
projection against which the curtain strikes in its descent, thus causing the valve to
open and admit water to the curtain, substantially as set forth and shown in
Figures 63, 64, 65 and 66.
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page_text: 46 In combination with a screen or partition, the hollow columns B and the
channel bars C firmly secured thereto, substantially as and for the purposes described
and shewn in Figures 67, 68 and 69.
47. In combination with a theatre curtain, the rollers F arranged on inclined
planes and upon which the curtain-is supported, the reservoir E and valves G arranged
substantially as described and shewn in Figure 70
48 In combination with a ceiling, floor or the like, a layer of corrugated metal
perforated at intervals, the space between the said corrugated plate and the ceiling or
Hoor being adapted to ventilate, or in the case of fire to be filled with water which
issues through the said perforations and 18 sprinkled all around, substantially as
described