Improvements in Planing or Dressing Machines.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Mar., 1895-Accepted, 20th Apr., 1895
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Planing or Dressing Machines.
1, GUSTAV SCHRADER, of the Firm of "Frankfurter Maschinenfabrik Schrader
& Rüdiger" of Frankfort-on-the-Maiu, in the German Empire, Machine Builder,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:--
This invention relates to improvements in planing machines and its object is to
enable such machines to be employed for various classes of work, to facilitate their
operation and control, and to obviate as far as practicable any danger of injury to
the attendants.
In the accompanying drawings the subject of the invention is shown by way of
example in two alternative forms.
Fig. 1 being a side elevation of a machine adapted for heavy work; and Fig. 2 a
detail view, being a horizontal section on line e a Fig. 1.
Figs. 3, 4, & 5 are three sectional front elevations of the machine in different
operative positions.
Fig. 6 is an enlarged vertical section of the table and planing shaft ;
Fig. 7 is a plan of the same parts of the machine.
Figs. 8 & 9 are views of modifications corresponding to Figs. 6 & 7.
Figs. 10 to 13 are four different detail views.
Fig. 14 is a sectional side-elevation of a cutter spindle with an improved clamping
device, the vertical section being taken through the cutter spindle head.
Fig. 15 is a plan of the cutter spindle head.
Fig. 16 is a longitudinal section of another form of the improved planing or
dressing machine;
Fig. 17 is a sectional front elevation the partial section being at right-angles to
the planing shaft; and
Fig. 18 is a plan of this form of planing machine.
The main feature of this invention is the arrangement in direct connection
with one half a of the table or bed of the machine, of a vertical cutter spindle b
adapted to receive cutters corresponding in the shape to the blanks to be operated
upon. The cutter spindle is supported by a bearing block 6' such as is shown in
Figs. 1 to 5. Motion may be imparted to the cutter spindle through the medium
of a strap pulley 62. The lower end of the bearing block or support b' is adjustable
both horizontally, & vertically, in a slot of the arm c projecting from the frame of
the machine; its adjustment being effected by means of a screw d and a tightening
nut d' (Fig. 2). For the purpose of making the said block or support adjustable
in the vertical direction, the head of the screw d movably engages in a vertical
groove provided in the block or support. This adjustability of the cutter spindle
is an important advantage, as, whenever the half a of the bed or table is displaced
for adjustment the position of the vertical cutter-spindle in relation to that part of
the table should invariably remain the same.
The table or bed, as usual, consists of two halves a, a' adapted to meet over the
borizontal planing shaft e when it is desired to cut a thin chip or shaving with
the cutter or plan-iron secured to the said planing shaft e the tool h in question
For this
should necessarily, emerge but a little distance from the work table.
purpose the two halves of the table are simultaneously moved forward and raised.
This compound motion is imparted to them by means of the two inclined spindles s
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page_text: which move the table halves, supported by wedges s¹, either backwards or
forwards according to the direction in which the spindle rotates.
Owing to the arrangement of the cutter-spindle b just described the facility is
offered of acting upon two sides of the blank at the same time. Thus, for example,
in Fig. 3 the method of working both sides of a floor plank B is illustrated; while
the broad side thereof is operated upon with the horizontal planing or dressing
mechanism, the vertical cutter cuts the grooves in one of the sides of the plank.
A most important feature embodied in this invention consists in the provisions of
bars or rails adjustable vertically i.e. right-angles to the axis of the machine,
and being embedded in grooves cut for the purpose in each of the halves a a' of
the table.
These rails may be secured at any desired distance from the axis of the machine,
by means of screws 2 arranged to slide in slots, their object being to open an
aperture in the work table, sufficient to enable the required depth of plan-iron or
cutter to protrude through it, without necessitating any displacement of the table-
halves. The said rails may be made of metal, as shown in Figs. 6 & 7, or they
may be constructed of wood, as indicated in Figs. 8 & 9. Rails made of wood
will prove advantageous in those cases, where instead of flat horizontal plane iron/
profiling or head-shaping cutters are necessary. In such cases the ends of the
rails have cuts made in them, corresponding to the cutter in shape so that the
cutter emerges from the table quite close to the front-surfaces of the rail i
the blank retaining its position until grasped by the cutter. In performing this
operation the two halves of the table a & a¹ are moved quite close together, so
that the portions of the planing shaft e that are not being used, are entirely
covered over.
This ensures great neatness in the operation of the machine; and where
comparatively small blanks are being dealt with, the edging of the same by a too
incisively acting tool (which frequently leads to accidents & injuries) is thus
effectively prevented.
In the arrangement shown in Fig. 7 there is fitted to the half a' of the work
table, instead of one rail or bar, a number or series of rails ³ of reduced width,
adapted to be fitted together by means of tongues and grooves and retained in
various positions, as required, by means of eccentric screws it.
The employment of these sliding rails i offers a further and very important
advantage, as it involves the adoption of adjustable attaching blocks, such as are
shown in Figs. 10 to 13 for the attachment of the blank. These blocks C are
screwed upon two opposite rails i, which latter are then readily movable to the
required extent. The blank may if necessary, be retained in position with the
assistance of suitable supporting pieces C¹ and a set screw, adapted to press it
against the block C in addition to which the rail is arranged to move invariably
at right-angles to the axis of the planing. The adjustment and guidance of the
blank in the manner just described and illustrated in Figs. 12 & 13 will prove
advantageous, for example, in those cases where planks or boards are to be
provided with tongues or rabbets at the ends. By the same arrangement figured
pillars or columns may be produced in this planing or dressing machine. The
pillar or column may be retained against the block C, and the grooving or profiling
cutter in that case is secured to the horizontal planing shaft e.
The variously
shaped cutters, to be used for various kinds of work for which the machine is
adapted are in all cases to be mounted upon the vertical cutter spindle b; and
when it is desired to employ the machine for planing only, the projecting end
of the said cutter spindle 6 may be removed from the work table altogether. In
the latter case a special spindle (Figs. 14 & 15) should be substituted for that
spindle end.
This additional spindle may be readily secured in the head of the
spindle from which it may be readily be removed when required. The head of
the spindle b is provided with an axial conical recess or perforation, which the
bevelled end f¹ of the auxiliary spindle f is made to fit exactly by being turned to
the corresponding shape. The end of the spindle head is screw threaded and

page_text: provided with a number of slots extending longitudinally. Over this end is
screwed the nut 1, the inner flange k of which is bored conically and corresponds.
with the conical surface of the spindle head, so that the inner flange compresses
the spindle head when the enclosing nut is tightened. In this manner the cone fl
of the auxiliary spindle f after being inserted into the spindle head, is firmly
retained therein. To enable this combination of parts to withstand twisting strains
the end of the said cone is provided with a slot which grasps or engages a carrier
pin m extending through the conical bore of the spindle head.
Similar arrangements have already been used in boring machines, for example,
but they have been attended there with the disadvantage that the article tightly
clamped into the spindle head could only be removed with difficulty when it
became necessary to do so. This inconvenience is obviated by the employment of
the band or hoop n placed immediately over the cone. When the enclosing nut
is loosened, its contacts surface takes up its position against the lower surface of
the said band n and raises the extra spindle fout of engagement without there
being any danger of its being warped or bent in the process. Where the machine
is to be used for planing only, the auxiliary spindle is lifted out of position and the
opening which is provided for its reception in the corresponding half of the table,
is covered over by a carefully fitted dish or disc g as shown in Fig. 5.
The arrangement hereinabove described for supporting the halves of the
table a, a, is sufficient for large-sized planing or dressing machines; but it may not
be adequate in the case of comparatively small machines, inasmuch as in the
former case the weight of the table half itself insures the required rigidity and
immovableness of the machine. In smaller machines, on the contrary, the table
halves, especially when comparatively long, are apt to cant or work edgeways. To
avoid this, the two parts of the table may be guided and kept straight in a very
reliable manner by the machine frame, by an arrangement such as is shown in
Figs. 16 to 18. Each table half rests upon its two lateral supports p p' which are
inclined towards the axis of the machine and run parallel to the spindles r which
are of a correspondingly strong construction. These spindles are supported in
bosses t provided for the purpose in the frame A¹ so that they are guided and kept
true as reliably as possible. A hoss a formed in the table halves encloses the neck
of the screw and thus forms a third point of support for the table halves.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is ;-
1. A planing or dressing machine, the main feature of which is a vertical cutter
spindle, such as carried by one of the two parts or halves a a', of the work table
or bed of the machine in such a manner that it is capable of following every
movement of such table-half.
2. In the planing or dressing machine referred to in the first claim sliding bars
or rails such as and ³ fitted within the table halves a a' and adapted to move at
right angles to the planing shaft e; such slides being arranged to be brought
sufficiently close to the cutter or plain iron h to offer a perfect supporting surface
to the blank operated upon through the whole space extending up to the said cutter
or plane; blocks such as C being if desired secured to the rails i to ensure the
straight guidance or feeding, and the reliable maintenance of the blank in position.
3. In the dressing or planing machine covered by the first claim an arrangement
for supporting the cutters on the vertical spindle ; consisting of an auxiliary
spindle, such as f provided with a bevelled portion or cone f which is fitted in a
conical recess or bore of the slotted head of the spindle b and of an enclosing nut,
such as with a conically bored inner flange such as k, which when the nut is
screwed down takes up its position against a corresponding cone with which the
head of the spindle is provided for the purpose, thereby compressing it; while
when the nut is screwed up it takes up its position against a band or hoop such as n

page_text: with which the auxiliary spindle is provided, there lifting such auxiliary spindle
out of position.
4. A modified form of the planing or dressing machine covered by the first
claim, characterised by an arrangement for the secured guidance of the two parts
or halves a a¹ Figs. 16 to 19 of the table, consisting of supporting or retaining
pieces such as p p arranged on the sides towards the front at an angle of
inclination to the planing axis; which pieces run parallel to the adjusting spindles r
supported by the machine frame A¹ upon the necks of which spindles, the tables
or table-halves a a¹ rest through the medium of eyes such as g.
Dated this 15th day of March 1895.
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., and
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for Applicant.