CERTAIN IMPROVE- .MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND LIGHTING APARTMENTS, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1841

page_text: HENDERSON'S SPECIFICATION.
..TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
HENDERSON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, China Dealer, and
Glass Stainer, send greeting.
WHEREAS I did by petition humbly represent unto Her present most
Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, that I had invented "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
.MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND LIGHTING APARTMENTS, AND FOR OTHER LIKE
PURPOSES ;" and Her said Majesty being willing to give encouragement to all
'arts and inventions which may be for the public good, was graciously pleased
"by Her Royal Letters Patent, under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Ninth day of
December, One thousand eight hundred and forty-one, in the fifth year of Her
reign, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, to give and grant unto me, the
said Robert Henderson, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial licence,
full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, or they, by myself or themselves,
or by my or their deputies, servants, or agents, or such others as I or they
should agree with and no others during the term of fourteen years from the
date of the said Letters Patent, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend my said Invention, within that part of Her said Majesty's Dominions
called England, Her Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick upon Tweed,
in such manner as to me, my exors, admors, and assigns, shall seem meet, and as
that I or they shall enjoy the whole profit and advantage arising by reason of the
said Invention, during the said term of fourteen years. And for that end Her
said Majesty requires and strictly commands all Her subjects whatsoever,
within England, Wales, and Berwick upon Tweed aforesaid, that they shall not,

page_text: neither directly nor indirectly, make, use, or put in practice my said Invention,
or any part thereof, nor in any wise counterfeit, imitate, or resemble the same,
nor make any addition thereto, or subtraction therefrom, whereby to pretend
himself or themselves to be the Inventor or Inventors thereof. And whereas
the said Letters Patent contain a proviso obliging me, the said Robert Hender-
son, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, and to cause the same to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent, as in and by the same, (reference being
thereunto had,) will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Robert Henderson, do hereby declare that my said Invention is described
and ascertained in manner following, and by the aid of the two Sheets of
Drawings hereunto annexed, that is to say :-
I will first describe the said Drawings, and will afterwards ascertain what
1 claim as new Invention. The Drawings represent an apparatus or stove for
beating and lighting apartments, and for other like purposes, which is con-
structed according to my said improvements, and in all the different Figures
the same letters of reference are used to denote the same parts. The Figures
in Sheet I, represent the exterior of such stove, and the Figures in Sheet II,
are corresponding sections to explain the interior structure thereof. A, A, in
both those Sheets and in all the Figures therein, is the outside case or box of
the stove, which is represented in a square form and without ornament; but
the same may be of any convenient form or size, or decorated with any orna-
ments which taste may dictate. The said exterior case contains the real fire-
box B, B, D, D, Sheet II, included within it; and excepting at a portion of the
frontmost upright side of the exterior case A, A, the said interior fire-box does
not reach to or come in contact with any of the upright sides or with the top
of the exterior case A, A; but that case serves as an air-box or envelope
whereby air is kept around the interior fire-box B, B, D, D, so as to become
warmed by the heat of the fire contained within that fire-box. The exterior
case A, A, is sustained on four feet a, a, which keep it raised a small height
above the ground. A horizontal partition 6, Figures 4 and 5, Sheet II,
extends throughout the lower part of the exterior case A, A, so as to partition
off a portion of the lower part of that case in order to form an ash-pit C
beneath the interior fire-box B, B, D, D, for the reception of dust and ashes
which fall from the fire. The interior fire-box B, B, D, D, is a smaller box,
which is included within the larger box or case A, A, and it rests upon and

page_text: joins to the said horizontal partition 6; and the interior box B, B, D, D, is so
much narrower in width than the width of the exterior box or case A, A, and
so much lower in height as to leave a vacant air space E, E, Figures 4 and 6,
Sheet II, at each side and at top e, for the air which is to be heated. The
actual fire-place or space F, wherein the burning fuel is contained, is partitioned
off by an inclining back G, at the lower part of the interior fire-box B, B, D, D,
which inclining back G forms the back of the fire-place; and the fire-grate H
in front is also inclined, the lowest part of the back G, and also of the grate H,
being foremost, and the grate projects out beyond the front of the external case
or box A, A. The fire door or entrance into the fire-place is situated in front
at I, above the fire-grate H. The fire-door I, turns down about a hinge joint
at its lower edge into an inclining position when required, in order to open the
fire-door, and fuel can then be thrown into the fire-place and will rest on the
inclining back G, so as to have a tendency to slide downwards and forwards by
its weight as it burns away. The fuel will rest on the narrow bottom K, and
advance against the inclining fire-grate H, the bars whereof may be disposed
in a direction up and down the inclining grate, instead of being horizontally
across the same. The burning fuel can be poked or stirred by introducing a
poker between the bars of the grate, and access can be had to the fire by turn-
ing down and opening the fire-door I. That portion d of the upright front of
the stove which is above the upper part of the fire-grate H, and below the
lower part of the fire-door I, must be made of or lined with a plate of cast iron
or of any other suitable material of sufficient thickness to resist burning away by
action of the fire, and the same of the bottom K. and the inclining back G of
the fire-place, as well as the upright sides B, B, Figures 4 and 6, Sheet II.
The upper part of the fire-place is bounded at the back by the upright back
partition L, which extends upwards above and downwards behind the inclining
back G, and also a horizontal partition M extends over the top of the fire-place,
from the back L towards the front of the exterior case A, but does not reach
quite to that front, in order that an aperture g may be left for the exit of the
smoke and current of heated
gas which is required to go away to the chimney, in
order to escape up the same. That current passes along the course shown by
the arrows in Figure 5, Sheet II, up from the fire-place F, through the aper-
ture g, into the space over the fire-place and above the horizontal partition M,
where it passes backward and then passes down behind the back upright
partition L, and out at the vent N, which must be joined to the lower part of a
chimney, either by the vent N joining directly to the chimney, or the vid vent
N may be prolonged by any kind of a pipe or flue, as is most conveni.n.t, so as
that a brisk draft or current of air will be caused by the current of sin.ke and

page_text: heated gas ascending within such chimney. And the vent N, or the prolonga-
tion thereof by pipe or flue as aforesaid, should be so closely joined to the said
lower part of the chimney as to prevent any air entering into such. chimney,
except air which has first passed through the fire-place of the stove, and
thereby a current of atmospheric air will be caused to enter into the fire-place
and pass up out therefrom, and then over and down behind the same in the
course indicated by the arrows in Figure 5, and when the fire-door I is shut
close, as represented in that Figure, then atmospheric air cannot gain admis-
sion into the fire-place except by passing through the interstices between the
bars of the fire-grate H, and the air which so enters will impinge upon the
burning fuel in a suitable manner for animating and maintaining the combus-
tion thereof; and 'owing to the manner whereby the said influx of air enters
through between the bars of the grate H, in a direction inclining rather down-
wards and backwards and impinges upon the burning fuel, the said air becomes
intermixed with the smoke and gas proceeding from that fuel in such manner
as is most favorable for effecting combustion of the smoke and gas. And
when the fire-door I is completely closed as aforesaid, then the whole of
the air which enters into the fire-place will impinge upon the burning fuel, so
as to cause a vivid combustion; but the activity of the current of air can be
moderated at pleasure by diminishing the aperture g, before mentioned, at the
upper part of the fire-place for the exit of the smoke and heated gas; and for
that purpose a sliding plate his fitted flatways upon the top of the horizontal
partition M, and the said plate h being slided backwards over the horizontal
partition M, will fully open the aperture 9; or if the plate h is slided forwards,
it will contract the said aperture 9 as much as may be desired, even so
as to close the aperture 9 entirely, if required. And in order to give access
to the said plate h for the purpose of sliding or moving the same as afore-
said, a hook is to be introduced through a small opening f, in front of the
stove, fitted with a sliding shutter to close that opening, but which shutter may
be left open if thought proper. In the fire-door I, is a small semicircular
opening i, for admission of air, against which opening a semicircular register
or turning plate is fitted on a centre pin, about which the said register can be
turned, so as either to close the aperture i, or to open the same wholly
or in any degree that may be desired; the air which is admitted through
the said aperture i in the fire door, when the said turning register is opened,
enters directly into the fire-place F, above the burning fuel therein contained;
and assists in causing the smoke to be burned; but otherwise the air so
admitted tends to diminish the intensity of the combustion that is caused in
case the fire door I and the aperture i is closed, so that all the air which can

page_text: gain admission into the fire-place will be compelled to pass through the fire-
grate H. The fire door I can be opened to any extent by turning it down
about its hinge joint at the lower edge of it, and thus admitting air into the
fire-place in a greater degree than that small degree of admission which can
take place through the semicircular aperture i in the fire door. When the
fire door I is let down about its said hinge joint into a horizontal position, it is
supported on a small fixed rest j in front, and in that state, the air being freely
admitted above the fire, the same will burn with moderation, and fuel can be
thrown in with nearly as much facility as could be done in an open fire-grate.
The ashes and cinders which may fall through from the fire-grate H are caught
by an inclining fender O, situated in front and partly beneath the grate, the
said fender O being the projecting front of a drawer P, which is fitted into the
ash-pit C, and which receives the ashes and cinders. The said drawer P can
be drawn out, in order to clear away those ashes and cinders when required.
The sloping fire-grate I may be mounted in the same manner as the fire door I,
on a hinge joint at the lowest edge, about which joint the grate H can be
turned down in front whenever it may be required, in order to give access to
the fire-place F, and for clearing out ashes and cinders therefrom. When the
grate H is turned up into its proper inclining position, as shewn in the section,
Figure 5, it will retain that position by its own weight; or if desired, there may
be a small button or buttons to fasten the grate H in such position, in the same
manner as the fire door I is fastened up by a small button when that door is
closed. The vertical sides Y, Y, of that portion of the fire-place which pro-
ject forwards beyond the front of the external box A, are formed of cast iron
or any other suitable material, and are united to the bottom K, and it is to
the front edge of that bottom plate K. that the lower edge of the grate H is
hinged. And note, it has been herein-before stated, that excepting at a portion
of the front, the interior fire-box B, B, D, D, does not reach to or come in
contact with the exterior case A, A; but thereupon it should be observed, that
in the Drawings the upright back D, D, of the fire-box is represented as being
in contact with the upright back of the exterior case A, A, see the section,
Figure 5. The stove represented in the Drawing is made narrow from back
to front, in order that it may be better adapted for standing on an ordinary
hearth-stone, before (and it may be partly within) the opening of a chimney
fire-place, wherein the ordinary fire-grate would be contained; for by applying
a large plate of thin sheet iron, so as to stand vertically in the said opening,
and fill the same in the manner of a pannel or door, the entrance of air into
the chimney can be prevented, and the stove being placed with its four feet a, a,
upon the hearth-stone, the vent N can be inserted through a suitable hole in

page_text: the sai vertical plate, and the stove will be mounted ready for use, and the
back of it may stand close to or near to the said vertical plate, so that the stove
will not stand out too far from the fire-place into the apartment. Or an iron
pipe may be fitted with an elbow to the vent N, so as to stand up vertically
within the interior of the chimney fire-place to such height as is convenient for
the aperture of the chimney, to be stopped by a horizontal plate fitted therein,
with a hole in such plate for the said vertical pipe to pass through. All which
being the ordinary mode of applying other stoves to chimney places, need not be
farther described. But if the stove is intended to stand out at a distance from
the wall or chimney place, then it may be made deeper from back to front than
is drawn in Figures 2, 3, 5, and 6, in order that a suitable air space may be
left behind the back D, D, of the interior fire-box between that back and the
back of the exterior case A, A, within which the said fire-box is included.
The cold air which is to be warmed by the stove is admitted into the exterior
case A, A, through a turning register Q, which is fitted into a door S, at the
side of that case, near to the lower part of that side, see Figures 2, 4, and 6;
and another like register may be applied at a corresponding place in the oppo-
site side of the said exterior case; and R, R, Figures 1, 2, and 3, are similar
registers, at the upper part of the front of the said case A, A, for the exit of
warmed air. The air within the exterior case A, A, surrounds the fire-box B, B,
D, D, and becomes warmed by its contact with the heated surface of that fire-
box, and particularly by its contact with the under side of the inclining back G.
Note, the air space bencath or behind that inclining back G communicates
freely with the two side air spaces E, E, and the air so warmed, becoming
lighter in consequence, the cold and fresh air will have a tendency to enter in
at the register Q, and at the same time the warmed air will pass regularly out
at the registers R, R, into the apartment, so as to mix with and give warmth
to the air therein; and by opening the registers R, R, more or less, the warmed
air will be allowed to make its escape with greater facility, so as to give more
or less warmth to the air in the apartment; or by closing those registers R, R,
entirely, the warmed air will not make its escape from the stove, but will be
retained therein. The door S and the register Q, which is fitted into that door,
and the other like register, which may be applied as before-mentioned for
admission of cold air into the lower part of the exterior case A, A, can also be
closed so as wholly to prevent such admission; or otherwise that door and
register (or those registers aforesaid) can be more or less opened, in order
to regulate such admission to any required extent. And the activity of the
combustion of the fire within the stove can be regulated by the different means
provided for that purpose and herein-before described; namely, when the full

page_text: force of draft and the full intensity of combustion of the fire is required,
then the plate h is to be slided so far back as will open the full passage of the
aperture 9, and the opening f is to be closed by its sliding shutter, also the fire
door I is to be closed as well as the semicircular aperture i in that door; and
in that condition the interstices between the bars of the fire-grate H will freely
admit atmospheric air, but which air, as already mentioned, will be caused to
impinge obliquely downwards and backwards upon the burning fuel, and as
no air can gain admission into the stove at any other place, the whole effect of
the draft of the chimney to which the stove is connected will become operative,
in order to cause a rapid current of air to impinge upon the burning fuel and
animate a vivid combustion thereof; and at the same time the register Qor
the door in which that register is fitted, being opened, cold atmospheric air will
be freely admitted into the exterior box or case A, A, so as to surround the
interior fire-box B, B, D, D, which is enclosed within the case A, A, whereby
the said air will as before-mentioned be warmed by its contact with the heated
surface of the said fire-box B, B, D, D, and the inclining back G, and the
warmed air will come out from the registers R, R, if those registers are opened,
or the said warmed air will come out in greater or less quantity, according as
those said registers are more or less opened. And if less heat is required, then
the semicircular aperture i in the fire door may be opened more or less, by
moving its semicircular turning plate, so as to admit air into the fire-place
above the burning fuel, which air so admitted will be a deduction from the
quantity of fresh air which would otherwise be caused (as already stated) to
pass through the fire-grate H, and therefore the intensity of the combustion
will be diminished; or in order to carry the same effect of diminution further
than can be done by merely opening the said aperture i, the fire door I may
itself be opened by turning it down about its hinge joint to any required angle
in order to open it, and admit air above the burning fuel to any required
extent; and by means of a toothed rack z, Figures 1 and 2, applied to the said
fire door, the same may be held or supported at any required angle of inclina-
tion to which it may be turned down about the hinge joint at the lower edge of
it. And in case the combustion is required to be still farther diminished, then
the aperture f being opened by sliding away its small sliding shutter aforesaid,
a hook can be introduced for pulling forwards the sliding plate h so as to
diminish the opening of the aperture g, and thereby contract the passage for
if
draft or current up the chimney. Or, note, the sliding plate h may, pre-
ferred, be made to slide backwards on the top of the horizontal partition M
towards the back D, D, so as to cover over and contract or close the descending
passage or flue that is formed between the upright partition Land the back D,

page_text: and thereby the same or a similar effect will be produced as by sliding the said
plate h forward over the aperture 9. And for still further abatement of the
activity of combustion of the fire, the interstices between the bars of the fire-
grate H may be closed by applying a flat cover plate of iron over and in front
of the fire-grate, by taking up that plate by inserting a hook into an eye in the
said plate, and thereby lifting. the plate into its intended place over the front of
the fire-grate H, and lodging that plate thereon, and over fixed pins projecting
from the front of the grate and entering through holes in the said cover plate.
The apparatus for heating apartments being now understood, I shall proceed
to describe the apparatus for lighting apartments, which is by means of a lamp
or lamps supplied with a portion of the warmed air which has been warmed in
manner already explained by means of the stove herein-before described; the
said warmed air so supplied being substituted in place of ordinary or cold
atmospheric air, for the purpose of supporting the combustion of the flame or
flames, whereby such lamp or lamps give or gives light for lighting apartments.
The said lamp or lamps may be of any kind which are in use, preferring lamps
which have a chimney of any sort or other equivalent means for producing
a current of air, and directing such current to impinge on the flame or flames
in order to animate the combustion thereof; and the lamp or lamps is or are
to be connected with the stove by means of any suitable pipe or pipes (or pipe
with branches) extending from any portion of the upper part of the exterior
case or box A, A, of the stove and joining to the lower part of the lamp, or
joining by branches to the lower part of each of the lamps at the place or places
where air for the support of the combustion of the flame or flames is usually
admitted into such lamp or lamps; and due means must be taken to prevent
any admission of the surrounding cold or atmospheric air into such lower part
or parts of the lamp or lamps; at the same time that in place of such cold
atmospheric air, warmed air will gain free admission there by means of
the said connection by a pipe or pipes (or a pipe with branches) from the
exterior case A, A, of the stove; and thereby the flame or flames of such
lamp or lamps will be supplied with warmed air instead of cold air, for supporting
the combustion, which will yield a more clear and brilliant light in consequence
of being so supplied with warmed air instead of cold air. The Drawings
represent the most simple mode of applying a lamp to the stove already de-
scribed, by mounting such lamp V on the upper end of a pipe m, which is
joined to the flat top of the case A, A, of the stove and stands up perpendicu-
larly from the centre thereof, that pipe in serving as a support for the lamp, and
the stove A, A, serving as a pedestal for the whole. The exterior of the pipe m
may be in the form of a column or may be ornamented in any manner that taste

page_text: may suggest; but the lower orifice of the pipe m must joint to an opening X
through the centre of the top of the exterior case A, A, of the stove, so as to com-
municate freely with the air space e already described for hot air; and there may
be a register X, Figure 8, in the opening, over which the pipe m is placed, to
enable the opening X to be closed or to be more or less opened, as may be
required; and the registers R, R, being closed or partly closed, the warmed air
will ascend from the space e through the pipe m to the lamp which is fitted to
the upper end of the pipe, so as to become affixed to and supported thereby.
The lamp V represented in the Drawing, Figures 1, 2, 4, and 5, is of that kind
which is commonly called an argand burner, with a cylindrical cotton wick, pro-
ducing a ring of flame, which is supplied with air introduced up through the interior
of such ring of flame, and with air entering all around the exterior of such ring
of flame. The construction of such lamps being well known, it is not necessary
to enter into a detailed description thereof, but only to explain that an additional
tube or outer casing x, x, Figures 4 and 5, is to be applied and firmly affixed
around the usual lower part of the ordinary argand burner, in order to serve as
an air case x, x, into which the warmed air which ascends from the stove through
the pipe m will be continually supplied so as to surround the ordinary lower
part of the burner of the lamp (which part is usually exposed to the open air)
with such warmed air, in order that the said warmed air so supplied to the air
case a, a, may become substituted for the ordinary atmospheric or cold air, and
therefore supplied to the flame in substitution for such cold air. The upper
edge or margin of the said tube or air case x, x, applies close to the flat under
side of the ordinary circular gallery o, o, on which the base of the glass
chimney p, p, stands, and the aperture of the air case, a, a, is closed by the
gallery o, o, fitting over it, excepting as to the ordinary apertures through the
said gallery, which apertures, in the usual manner of argand burners, admit
fresh or cold atmospheric air to pass up through the gallery o, o, into the interior
of the base of the glass chimney p, p, for supplying such air to the exterior of
the ring of flame; but the said air case a, a, being beneath those apertures,
they can only supply warmed air to that exterior instead of cold atmospheric
air. The gallery o, o, is left at liberty to be turned round as usual. In like
manner, the usual central air tube k, Figures 4 and 5, of the argand burner,
which admits a supply of air up through the interior of the ring of flame, has
its lower orifice within the said air case a, a, as is clearly shewn in the sections,
Figures 4 and 5; wherefore, by the arrangements above described, no air can
gain access to the flame of the lamp, neither at the exterior nor at the interior
of the ring flame, excepting warmed air, which ascends through the pipe m
from the exterior case A, A, of the stove; and such warmed air is, by means

page_text: of the aforesaid arrangements freely and abundantly supplied, as well up through
the ordinary central air tube k of the ȧrgand burner for tho due supply of
warmed air to the interior of the ring of flame, as np through the air case a, a,
and through the apertures in the gallery o, o, and beneath the base of the glass
chimney, for the due supply of warmed air to the exterior of the said ring of
flame. And note, the usual oil cup for catching any drops of oil which may
overflow, is to be screwed in the usual manner to the lower part of the argand
burner and the air case a, a, or a suitable enlargement at the lower part thereof
must be large enough in diameter to surround the said oil cup without touching
it, but leaving a sufficient space all round the oil cup for the warmed air to ascend
round the same without obstruction therefrom, in order that the warmed air
may get freely up into the air case a, a, so as to be supplied beneath the gallery o, o.
The oil cup must be included within an enlargement at the upper part of the
upright pipė m, which enlargement may have the appearance of a capital to a
column, and the enlargement before mentioned at the lower part of the air
casex, a, may fit and fasten, by screwing or otherwise, into a corresponding socket
at the upper part of the said enlargement of the upright pipe m, and by that
fitting and fastening into a socket, the lamp may be supported and may be dis-
mounted when required for cleaning or other purpose. The admission of air
into the lower end of the central air tube k may be just as usual, through a series
of air holes around the cover of the oil cup, the only difference being that
warmed air alone will be admitted at those holes, because the whole of the oil
cup will be surrounded by such warmed air in consequence of being contained
within the enlargement at the upper end of the upright pipe m. The lamp V is
represented in the Drawings as being of that kind which has the reservoir for the
oil in the form of a ring or zone Z, Z, surrounding the burner at a distance
therefrom, with two curved pipes r,r, Figures 1 and 4, which convey the oil
from the reservoir Z, Z, to the burner, and those two oil pipes must pass thro'
the air case x, x, in order to join to the lower part of the burner without any
interference with the interior of the air case x, x. The oil reservoir Z is repre-
sented as being surmounted by a dome of glass, in the usual manner of similar
lamps. And note, the representation of the lamp in the Drawings is merely
for explanation of one way of forming the improvement, but any other kind of
lamp may be used, such as an argand burner with a fountain oil reservoir at
one side of that burner, or any other kind of burner that may be preferred to
argand burners. The only condition required for the adaptation of the improve-
ment to any kind of burner being the arrangement already described, whereby
all the usual entrances, openings, or passages, or apertures, for the admission
of air to support the combustion of the flame of the lamp, are to be so enclosed

page_text: and connected with the pipe which proceeds from the exterior case A, A, of the
stove, as that the warm air supplied through that pipe shall have free ad-
mittance through all such usual entrances, openings, passages, or apertures,
in order to admit a full supply of warmed air to support the combustion of the
flame, and at the same time to exclude the ordinary atmospheric air from any
admission thereto. The precise means of accomplishing that object must be
varied to suit each different kind of lamp or burner that may be used; but the
means already described in respect to an argand burner being understood, will
serve as instruction to any competent workmen to make an equivalent arrange-
ment to suit any other kind of lamp, and produce the same effect, as already
explained. And note, the warmed air will keep the lamp so much heated as
will always retain the oil in a very liquid state, and thereby facilitate the flow
of that oil through the oil pipes r, r. And, if preferred, grease, or fat, or tallow,
or cocoa-nut oil may be used in such lamp, as the heat derived from the warmed
air will keep the said grease, fat, tallow, or cocoa-nut oil, in a sufficiently liquid
state. And gas lamps may be used, either with argand burners or with any
other kind of jets or burners that are or may be used for gas lights. The lamp V,
represented in the Drawings as being mounted on the top of the stove A, A, is
adapted for use in any apartment, hall, or staircase, which may be required to
be both heated and lighted, but the arrangement of the lamp in respect to the
stove, as represented in the Drawings, is only given by way of example, and the
air pipe m may be conducted in any other manner from the stove to the lamp
without standing up vertically and supporting the lamp by the pipe m, as a
pedestal. For instance, the lamp may be supported by a bracket from the wall
or otherwise, and the air pipe m may be conducted up from the exterior caso
of the stove to the lamp in any convenient manner, and there may be registers
or stops in the air pipe m, to diminish or close the air passage through that pipe.
And a number of lamps may be all supplied with warmed air from one stove
by as many pipes or by as many branches from one or more pipes. And note,
although the stove and lamp which are represented and described, accord very
well together for the performance of the said improvements, and I prefer to use
them together, nevertheless any other ordinary kind of stove which will yield a
steady and continual supply of warmed air to a lamp or lamps may be sub-
stituted for the stove represented and described, and will produce the same
effects as hercin-before described, videlicit, that the combustion of the flame of
the lamp will be supported and maintained by warmed air derived from any kind
of air stove heated by fire instead of being supplied by ordinary atmospheric
air, which has been herein-before designated cold air, although without mean-
ing to designate any degree of coldness, but only by way of contradistinction

page_text: to air which is artificially warmed by fire applied in some kind of stove for
heating air. And note, respecting the stove represented in the Drawing, in
cases when heat is required to be given by the stove for any other purpose than
that of heating apartments, but nevertheless a like purpose to that purpose,
such as cooking or laquering, gilding, or the like, the air space e, Figures 4 and 5,
at the upper part of the exterior case A, A, of the stove may be omitted, and
the top T of the interior fire-box B, B, may be placed in close contact with the
top of the exterior case A, A; or the top T of the fire-box may serve also as
the top of the said case A, A, and may be of the full size of that top; in which
case the upper portions of the two sides B, B, where they rise above the level
of the horizontal partition M, instead of rising vertically, should incline outward
one side B from the other, in the manner shewn by the dotted lines q, q, in
Figure 4, so as to allow the smoke and heated air to spread beneath the whole
surface of the top of the external case A, which top will be also the top T of
the fire-box extended to the full size of the case A, A, and therefore that top
will be heated by the direct action of the smoke and heated gas which ascends
from the fire through the aperture g, and will strike and spread beneath the said
top T.
Having now described my said improvements, I, the said Robert Henderson,
do hereby declare that the new Invention, whereof the exclusive use is granted
to me by the Letters Patent herein-before mentioned, consist, first, in the im-
provements herein-before described in apparatus for heating apartments, those
improvements constituting a stove herein-before described and represented in the
Drawings hereunto annexed for giving out radiant heat from its inclining fire-
grate in front, and also for giving out warm air from its exterior box or case,
which includes the fire-box within it, leaving a space around the same for the
.air; the novelty of such stove being the general arrangement of its parts one
with another as a whole, and in particular the position of the inclining back G
of the fire-place, and on which back the burning fuel rests with a tendency to
slide down forwards towards the fire-grate H, which is also inclining forwards in
the same direction as the inclining back G, although with a less degree of
inclination; also the admission of the fresh air, which is to be warmed or
heated, into the space behind and beneath the inclining back G, where that air,
at the same time that it becomes warmed by its contact with the said inclining
back, also tends to keep that back from becoming over heated; also the means
provided, as herein-before described, for regulating the intensity of the combus-
tion of the fire by means of the fire door I, with a semicircular turning register i
therein, and the sliding plate h at the top of the fire-box to regulate the aperture
of the passage from the fire-place into the flue; those parts being combined one

page_text: with another, as herein-before described, for the purpose of affording means of
regulating the draft or current of air through the stove. And, owing to the
inclining position of the fire grate H and of the inclining back G, one in respect
of the other, the atmospheric air, which is caused by the draft to enter through
the grate, is made to impinge in a direction downward and backwards upon
the burning fuel which is resting upon or against the inclining back G, and
between that back and the inclining fire-grate H, so as to mix with the smoke
proceeding from that fuel and effect the combustion of the smoke. And, secondly,
the improvements herein-before described in apparatus for lighting apartments,
those improvements constituting a combination of a stove with a lamp or lamps,
such stove and lamp or lamps being connected one with the other, in manner
herein-before described, for the purpose of supplying the flame or flames of such
lamp or lamps with warmed or heated air, which has been warmed or heated
by means of such stove and of the fire therein. And any kind of lamp, whether
supplied with oil or with gas, and any kind of stove capable of heating or
warming air, may be substituted in such combination for the particular kind of
stove and kind of lamp herein-before described. Thirdly, in the improvement
herein-before described in respect to the stove herein-before described for
applying such stove to other like purposes to that of heating apartments, such
as cooking, or laquering, or gilding, or the like.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Henderson, have hereunto set my
hand and cool this Ninth of T...
forty-two.
5
ROB (L.S.) HENDERSON.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Ninth day of June, in the year
of our Lord 1842, the aforesaid Robert Henderson came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and everything therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Ninth day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and forty-two.