matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN PICKING STICKS EMPLOYED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED WITH THE MANUFACTURE THEREOF
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Wright at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
December 1874.
I, CHARLES WRIGHT, Shuttle Maker, of Bradford, in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
** IMPROVEMENTS IN PICKING STICKS EMPLOYED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING, AND IN
APPARATUS CONNECTED WITH THE MANUFACTURE THEREOF," to be as follows,
that is to say :-
My Invention relates to forming a hole through which the picking
strap is fastened of a curved shape, enabling the strap to come on a flat
surface, & preventing the turning of the strap on the side. For this
purpose. I employ the usual drill apparatus, to which I fit a bracket
having an angular surface, on which I place the top of the picking stick;
the bottom part of the stick I place in a shoe, this shoe is made with a
projecting rod which enters a curved opening or slot formed in a bracket,
giving a curved motion to the stick and producing a curved hole.
the end of the shoe is fitted a guide rod working through two guides or
through a guide boss; these guides are cast on the bracket, and on the
On

page_text: end of the guide rod is fastened a rope or chain passing over a pulley
fitted in the bottom part of the bracket; a weight is attached to the rope
or chain and is for the purpose of working the picking stick backward
and forward during the operation of drilling the hole; the hole is
afterwards lined with thin sheet tin. The operator holds the stick on
the angular surface, brings the drill to the top part of the stick, and by
the motion given to the stick by the shoe working in the curved opening
or slot causes the drill to give a curved hole, whilst the weight works
the stick backward and forward giving the required length to the
opening. By these means I produce picking sticks made with curved 1
holes, through which are passed the picking straps, enabling them to rest
on a flat surface, preventing them turning on the side, giving more wear
and tear.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING AND PREPARING GRANULAR OR FINELY DIVIDED ORES FOR SMELTING
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Wigg at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th April
1874.
I, FREDERICK WIGG, of Runcorn, in the County of Chester, Chemical
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING AND PREPARING GRANULAR OR FINELY DIVIDED ORES
FOR SMELTING," to be as follows:-
The object of the said Invention is to obtain granular or finely
divided ores in a coherent and compact condition suitable for smelting
alone or mixed with other ores.
In carrying my Invention into practice I mix the granular or finely
divided ore or ores with tar, pitch, or any resinous substance, alone or
combined, press the mixture into blocks or other convenient forms by
any suitable machine or by hand, and finally heat the mass to drive off
moisture and cause cohesion of the mixed substances.

page_text: If preferred, the moisture in the ore or ores may be driven off before
admixture with the tar, pitch, or resin.
After being treated as above described granular or finely divided ores
are in a fit condition to be introduced into the smelting furnace.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF LEATHER CALLED SOLE LEATHER,' FOR THE PURPOSE OF HARDENING IT AND RENDERING IT IMPERVIOUS TO WATER
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hunter Henry Murdoch at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
February 1874.-A communication from abroad by Barthelomy
Picard, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Tanner.
I, HUNTER HENRY MURDOCH, of No. 7, Staple Inn, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF LEATHER CALLED SOLE
LEATHER,' FOR THE PURPOSE OF HARDENING IT AND RENDERING IT IMPERVIOUS TO
WATER," to be as follows:-
This Invention as communicated to me relates to an improved mode
of treating leather used for the soles of boots and shocs, commonly
called "sole leather," for the purpose of hardening it, increasing its
durability, and rendering it impervious to water.
According to this Invention, the sole leather suitably tanned is
immersed in milk of lime, in which it is allowed to remain and soak
until the lime has penetrated into the pores of the leather, and the said
leather has acquired the required degree of firmness or hardness. The
time during which the said sole leather is immersed in the bath of milk
of lime depends upon the strength of the said bath, the thickness of the

page_text: leather, and the degree of hardness it is desired to impart to it. If
immersed in the milk of lime for a sufficient length of time, the said
leather will become very hard and quite impervious to water.
The 5
When removed from the bath the leather should be greased in order
to give back to it the flexibility it will have lost in the said bath.
said leather is then dried, and the surperfluous grease on its surface
having been removed and the said leather suitably rubbed it is fit for
use.
This Invention although especially applicable to leather used in the
manufacture of boots and shoes, is also applicable to leather to be used 1
for other purposes.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN SPRINGS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Sterne at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 21st December
1874. A communication from abroad by Richard Vose, of New
York, in the United States of America.
I, LOUIS STERNE, of 9, Victoria Chambers, in the City of Westminster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN SPRINGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to those springs which are composed of curved
metallic plates, and its object is to increase the strength or spring power.
without adding to the weight of the spring, or in other words to
diminish the weight of the spring without diminishing its strength or
spring power.
The Invention consists in forming the plate or plates of which the
spring is composed with longitudinal corrugations, extending from end
to end thereof. These corrugations keep the plates in a truc line without
the use of the usual guides or bolts.
The construction of springs in the manner described has been found on
experiment to attain the obiect above stated.
IM- PROVED CONSTRUCTIONS OR FORMS OF SCREW BOLTS AND NUTS, AND IN APPUR- TENANCES OR APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH, AND WITH ORDINARY BOLTS AND NUTS TO PREVENT THEM WORKING LOOSE FROM VIBRATION OR OTHER CAUSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthias Neuhaus at the Office
"
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
May 1874. Partly a communication from abroad by Hugo Liebing,
of Berlin, Prussia.
I, MATTHIAS NEUHAUS, of Surry Street, Strand, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVED CONSTRUCTIONS OR FORMS OF SCREW BOLTS AND NUTS, AND IN APPUR-
TENANCES OR APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH, AND WITH ORDINARY BOLTS AND
NUTS TO PREVENT THEM WORKING LOOSE FROM VIBRATION OR OTHER CAUSES," to
be as follows :—
The objects of this Invention are,-
Firstly. The production of bolts and nuts that shall retain themselves
in given positions without becoming loose from vibration or other causes,
such bolts and nuts being specially intended for use with fish plates and
joints of railway rails.

page_text: position and to prevent them working loose from vibrations of rails caused
from passing trains or otherwise.
The bolt heads and nut blanks (by stamping or otherwise) are prepared
with one side or a portion thicker or deeper than any other portion, so
that a preponderance of weight occurs upon one half of the bolt head, t
or the nut, as the case may be, over that upon the other half, which
preponderance of weight when the nut is screwed home against the fish
plate or against the rail, prevents the bolt or the nut turning or
becoming loose from passing traffic, as is the case with ordinary bolts
and nuts. This preponderance of weight can be arranged upon the 1
bolts and nuts in various ways. For instance, an aperture can be
formed in one side, and a lump of metal to act as a weight can be
rivetted, screwed, or otherwise fastened to it, or a frame to hang over a
bolt head; or a nut can be made with one part heavier than another,
so that when the nut is screwed home the frame can be hung upon it ]
with the weight hanging below the side walls of the bolt head, and the
nut having grooves or notches formed in them to prevent the frames
falling off.
Again one frame may be arranged to take over two or more adjoining
nuts, and other frames similarly made can be arranged to take over 2
the heads of the bolts, which frames may have curved or bent tail pieces
to be forced under the rail to hold them in place.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DREDGERS AND DREDGING, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Simons and Andrew
Brown at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 12th June 1874.⚫
+
We, WILLIAM SIMONS and ANDREW BROWN, both of the Town and
County of Renfrew, North Britain, Engineers and Shipbuilders, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DREDGERS AND DREDGING, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to and consists principally in a new or improved
form and arrangement of the hull and machinery of dredgers for
excavating and deepening channels, canals, rivers, basins, docks, or
other similar works, and for depositing the dredged material on the
adjacent banks or wharfs, or into barges or other receptacles.
The hull of the dredger is on a horizontal plane of a double triangular
form, that is to say, of two triangular shaped figures, having their bases
united, and when in operation it is attached at one side of the line
whereat the triangular bases meet to a point on which it is capable of
moving, so that the outer ends or points of the triangular figures and

page_text: the bucket ladder are moved in a curved or circular arc across the face
of the work which is being excavated or dredged.
The dredger is drawn across the face of the work by ropes or chains,
which cause it to radiate from the point in the side at which it is
attached, and it is preferred that this point of attachment should be on
a wire rope or chain tightly stretched in the line of the dredging or
excavating operations, and upon which the point of attachment, together
with the dredger, is moved forward as the excavating or dredging
operations proceed.
The bucket ladder may either pass through a central well in the hull,
or it may be at the side.
The engines and boilers may be situated at one side of the central
part of the vessel, and the shoot for discharging the dredgings at the
opposite side.
In some cases the dredger is provided with a receptacle, into which
the dredgings fall from the shoot. In this receptacle is an agitator,
which mixes the dredgings with water, in which state or condition they
are forced through a line of pipes and deposited on the banks adjoining,
or at the side of the works, or into receptacles by the action of a
centrifugal or other suitable pump.
Instead of forming the end of the dredger of two triangles, as herein-
before described, it may consist of one such triangular form.
Another improvement comprised under the present Invention consists
in utilizing the steam after it has passed from the engines which drive
the ejecting pump, by passing it through and causing it to actuate the
engines which drive the dredging buckets.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NOSE BAGS FOR HORSES AND SUCH LIKE ANIMALS, AND IN MANNER OF SUSPENDING SUCH ARTICLES WHEN IN USE
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Henry Brown at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th December 1874.
I, MICHAEL HENRY BROWN, of New Cross, in the County of Kent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF NOSE BAGS FOR HORSES AND SUCH LIKE ANIMALS, AND IN
MANNER OF SUSPENDING SUCH ARTICLES WHEN IN USE," to be as
follows:-
THE
.
The features of novelty of this Invention consist,—
Firstly. In making a nose bag of any strong flexible material for the
purpose herein-after stated.
Secondly. In connecting the parts employed to suspend the bag when
in use to the bottom of the bag instead of to the top and sides of the bag
as at present practised.
'
And, Thirdly. In adapting a grooved pulley behind each of the rosettes
of the head gear of the harness of a horse, and then passing over each of

page_text: such said pulleys a light cord or piece of round leather or other suitable
material.
The doubled part of such said cord or other material is passed over
the hook of the saddle of the harness, on which said hook the bearing
rein of the harness is passed in the usual manner.
The said cord also
passes through the rein rings fixed on the collar. That part of the
aforesaid cord which passes over the before-mentioned hook I propose to
make elastic, or with a spring or springs for the purpose of enabling the
said cord to be shortened by the action of the horse when he lowers his
head in the act of eating, and to elongate when he lifts up his head, by
which latter movement luis nose will be removed from or out of the nose
bag instead of having to detach the nose bag for that purpose, as is now
necessary with nose bags of the ordinary kind. Each end of the aforesaid
cord is connected to the upper ends of the suspending pieces fixed to the
bottom of the bag, as before stated, so that suppose the bag to be filled
with fodder and connected to the horse's head, as above stated, as the
weight in the bag becomes lessened the elastic part of the aforesaid cord
or spring will lift the bottom of the bag and the food that is therein;
the same effect may however be produced by employing a nose bag of
the ordinary kind, but with the suspending appliances above mentioned
adapted thereto. In this latter case the bag will be raised as the horse
lowers his head by reason of the aforesaid cord becoming shortened, and
as the horse raises his head the bag will be lowered by reason of the
said cord becoming elongated by the upper movement of the horse's
head.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FIXING HEELS TO BOOTS and SHOES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Marien Roullier, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th June 1874.
I, CHARLES MARIEN ROULLIER, of 228, Boulevard Voltaire, Paris, in
the Republic of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FIXING HEELS TO BOOTS and
SHOES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for
fixing heels to boots and shoes.
The machine consists of a table, beneath which a horizontal axis is
mounted; it has upon it a hand wheel and a cam. When the wheel is
rotated the cam gives an upward motion to a ram which works in
suitable guides, and is adjustable by right and left screws; over the ram
there is a block to receive the boot or shoe to which the heel is intended
to be attached. This block may be fixed directly to the table, but it is
more convenient to attach it by a flap hinged to the table, so that it may
be inclined forward for the boot or shoe to be placed upon or removed
from it. In either case the block can be readily removed and replaced

page_text: by another of a different size. The block being over the ram, and
having the boot or shoe upon it, the heel is placed in position, and it is
there held by a clamping piece brought down upon it by a screw carried
by a standard. The clamping piece has a guide upon it to aid in
placing the heel truly in position. Different clamping pieces are
employed according to the work.
The block which receives the boot or shoe is hollow or tubular, its
upper end is closed by a plug in which are holes, say, four or five, and
in these holes are placed the nails by which the heel is to be secured.
The nails rest upon pushers, and when the work has been adjusted and
clamped in position, the ram is caused to rise by turning the hand wheel,.
on the axis of which is the cam. The ram carries the pushers upwards,
and the nails are thus forced out of the holes in the top of the block
through the sole of the boot or shoe and into the heel, which thus
becomes securely attached.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Hillcoat and William
Montgomery at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 28th March 1874.
We, THOMAS HILLCOAT, Bricklayer, and WILLIAM MONTGOMERY,
Engine Keeper, both of Paisley, in the County of Renfrew, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES," to
be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to improvements in or connected with steam
boiler and other furnaces whereby smoke is prevented and fuel largely
economised.
In carrying out the Invention in the case of an ordinary horizontal
cylindrical steam boiler with one or more internal furnaces and flues,
the bridge at the back or inner end of each furnace is shaped convexly
so as to leave a narrow crescent-shaped spaced only under the top of the
flue for the fire gases to pass through; and instead of the flue space
dropping immediately behind the bridge, as in ordinary cases, the

page_text: bottom of the flue is continued at the height or nearly so of the top of
the bridge along to the back end of the boiler.
The flue is by preference made up to the contracted form described by
constructing brickwork in the ordinary internal fluc, and also by
brickwork when the furnace and main flue are made external to the
boiler or other object to which the furnace is applied; and at or near the
bridge or in the front part of the brickwork two separate and distinct
chambers are formed for heated air which issues from them into the
flue by separate openings, so that if the fire gases do not have heated
air mingled with them from the first chamber sufficiently to consume or
prevent smoke they will receive an adequate supplement from the
second one.
The air is heated by being drawn through the ash-pit and thence
through pipes, passages, or spaces extending along the brickwork in the
flue to the back end and forward again to the air chambers. Thus for
this purpose the brickwork in the fluc may be conveniently made hollow
and with a longitudinal partition, the air passing back along one side
and returning forward along the other side of such partition.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW BLINDS FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES, ALSO FOR WINDOWS IN HOUSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Rich at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
April 1874.
I, GEORGE HENRY RICH, of 65, Cardington Street, in the Parish
of Saint Pancras, County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW BLINDS
FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES, ALSO FOR WINDOWS IN HOUSES," to be as
follows:-
The object of my said Invention is to fit the windows of railway or
other carraiges or windows in houses with a portable blind which shall
exclude the dust but permit the free circulation of air in the carraige or
compartment or room.
In carrying out my said Invention in practise I form the said blind of
cloth of open texture, single, dowble, or treble, which shall allow the
air to pass through it freely but shall be sufficiently close to prevent the
dust from passing. I attach the said cloth at each side to double slips
of wood or metal which I make the full height of the window or
opening. The said slips may be either circular or other convenient

page_text: shape, and the said blind may be attached to them either by sowing,
screwing, or cementing with gum or glue.
In using my said Invention I place the slips one on each side of the
window frame and stretch between them in such a manner as to keep
them fast in their position as stay or prop which I prefer to make of
lance wood or spring steel, or wood with a spiral spring enclosed in a
tin case fastened with a hinge or otherwise to one of the said slips of
wood or metal or uprights at one side. By this means the said blind is
distended over the opening of the window and will prevent the dust
from entering while it permits the air to pass freely.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STRINGS FOR MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Baillie Hamilton, George
Wade, and Richard William Okes Voysey at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 25th
November 1874.
We, JAMES BAILLIE HAMILTON, of University College, Oxford,
Esquire, GEORGE WADE, of Soho Square, in the County of Middlesex,
Esquire, and RICHARD WILLIAM OKES VOYSEY, of Hampstead, in the
County of Middlesex, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STRINGS FOR MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS," to bo
as follows:
-
Our improvements consist in giving to the strings of pianofortes and
to other musical strings a means of compensating for the variations and
derangements of pitch induced in them by atmospheric and other
mechanical displacements. We accomplish this by forming one or both
ends of the string into an elastic spring, coiling such suitable portions
into helical or spiral springs, or otherwise twisting or bending them for
that purpose. These portions we call compensators, and find that they
are preferably to be placed or arranged between the points of attachment

page_text: of such string and their bridges or bearings, the intermediate unaltered
part of the string being free to slide on the bridges or bearings. By this
device the sounding portion of the string between the bridges or
bearings remains practically unaffected in length by the variations or
displacements occurring at the points of attachment, these compensators
keeping it in tune. A coiled portion may also be introduced into the
sounding part, often with advantages chiefly of supplying weight and
elasticity in any desirable place, when its effect will be to extend the arc
of vibration of any segment of which it forms part, and consequently
to increase the intensity of tone.
By another modification of our improvements we are able to apply the
advantages of this Invention to all classes of musical strings by forming
detachable compensators not necessarily of the same substance as the
strings. We use any convenient form of clastic spring coil or lever or
clastic body or substance introduced between the points of attachments
of the strings and their bridges or bearings, and are not restricted to any
particular mechanical form or appliance, since a great variety of modes
are equally available for use in this way to furnish a detachable com-
pensator for the purpose of keeping musical strings in tune.
We find that the strings of flattened wire in coils patented by me the
said James Baillie Hamilton, 1874, No. 1590, are well adapted for
forming both these kinds of compensators.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR REMOVING THE 'WHIP' OF LAPPET CLOTH OR OTHER FABRICs
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Burnett at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
December 1874.
I, JAMES BURNETT, of Kilmarnock, in the County of Ayr, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR REMOVING THE 'WHIP' OF LAPPET CLOTH
OR OTHER FABRICs," to be as follows, that is to say :—
This Invention which relates to new or improved machinery for
removing the "whip," that is to say, the loose or floating thread in
lappet cloth or other fabrics consists in attaching the feelers or fingers
to the edge or point of a knife or bar, against which the cloth is drawn in
the action of having the "whip" removed. Above the edge of the knife
or bar a spiral cutter is situated, which in revolving acts upon the
portion of the cloth resting upon the knife or bar, or instead of a
revolving a reciprocating cutter may be employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLIPPING OR SHEARING ANIMALS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Martin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th June
1874.
I, ALBERT MARTIN, of Old Charlton, in the County of Kent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR CLIPPING OR SHEARING ANIMALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for clipping or
shearing animals.
Horse clippers and sheop sheers are commonly now made with
cutters having comb like teeth; they have two cutters and the one
slides upon the other.
My Invention is applicable to clipping or shearing apparatus of this
class, and the object of the Invention is to maintain a proper working
contact between the teeth with much less pressure than is now required,
so that the apparatus may work more freely and with less power than
those now in use. For this purpose I cut the comb like teeth in one of
the cutter plates so deep that they may have considerable elasticity, and
so that they extend back considerably beyond the roots of the teeth of

page_text: the other cutter plate. In consequence of being thus cut these teeth
are able to yield independantly the one of the other, and to keep them in
working contact with the comb like teeth of the other cutter I employ a
cover plate, and I cause the edge of the cover plate to press upon the
teeth themselves at somo distance from their roots, the cover plate thus
applied serves to control the clasticity of the teeth and prevent tho
cutters separating, but admitting that slight amount of play which
favors the casy movement of the one cutter plate on the other, whilst
still maintaining a proper cutting contact.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
April 1874. A communication from abroad by Messrs. Houdart,
Masion, Cornez, and Company, of Louvroil, near Mabeuge, in the
Republic of France.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lanc, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES," to be as follows:-
The fire-places of puddling furnaces are formed ordinarily with
vertical walls, the fire-bars are placed at about 1/3rd of the height from the
ground, and below the grate is the ash-pit through which the air for
supporting combustion is drawn. The upper part of the fire-placo
receives the heated gases which fill that space before going to heat the
material contained on the sole of the furnace. This construction of
furnaco is costly as it necessitates a grate of large dimensions, and so
large an application of fuel that the air cannot readily penetrate through
the mass without recourse to continual stoking. To remedy these
drawbacks is the object of the present Invention, which refers not only

page_text: to puddling furnaces but also to reheating, to glass, to steam boiler, and
other furnaces or fire-places.
The area of the fire-place is contracted laterally, and the side walls
instead of being vertical (which would contract too much the upper
part of the fire-place and check combustion) are constructed with an
outward incline to meet the crown of the fire-place, the incline taking
preferably the form of an arc. The front end of the fire-place or that
opposite the bridge curves upwards from the fire-bars to the crown and
thus offers a suitable surface for the flame to play over.
Lateral openings are made in the side walls of the fire-place for the
admission of air which may enter under pressure or by the natural in-
draught, and be heated or not as desired before admission. These lateral
openings will extend vertically from a little below the face of the grate
to (say) the height of the fuel charged thereon, and besides these
openings for supplying air a further supply will be admitted from below
the grate. In other respects the furnace will be provided as usual for
charging it with fuel and regulating the heat.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOSING BOTTLES OR OTHER RECEPTACLES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Macintosh Macintosh at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 9th March 1874.
I, JOHN MACINTOSH MACINTOSH, of Prince's Square, Finsbury, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOSING BOTTLES OR OTHER RECEPTACLES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in forming on the outer side of the neck or top
part of the bottle or receptacle to be closed two or more grooves or
sockets of suitable shape, round one of which I place a ring or piece of
india-rubber or its compounds, or other suitable elastic material.
I also employ a hollow cylindrical or other suitably formed cap or
cover which fits over the neck or top part of the bottle or receptacle.
When it is desired to hermetically or otherwise close the bottle or
receptacle the cap or cover is pressed on the india-rubber ring or hoop

page_text: which rolls or is forced from one groove into another, and pressing
against the inside of the hollow cap or cover securely fastens it.
Slight indentations or grooves may be made on that part of the inside
of the cap or cover which comes in contact with the elastic ring or
hoop.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR ROLLING TEA LEAF
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Stewart Lyle, of Dibrooghur, Assam, in
the Empire of India, for the Invention of “IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR ROLLING TEA LEAF."
Sealed the 6th April 1875, and dated the 27th November 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Stewart Lyle
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 27th November 1874.
I, WILLIAM STEWART LYLE, of Dibrooghur, Assam, in the Empire of
India, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-.
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR ROLLING TEA LEAF," to be as follows:-
In the system at present in use for rolling tea leaf by machinery the
machines consist of two cylinders, an outer one and an inner one, the
outer cylinder being fixed fast to the frame of the machine, and furnished
with an internal lining of hard wood, in which are formed ribs or
-

page_text: corrugations; the inner or smaller cylinder is mounted on a shaft and
revolves inside the larger one, and the outside of this revolving cylinder
or barrel is usually coated with hard wood, corrugated or ribbed on its
surface. Between the two cylinders is an annular space of about five
inches in width. The bags of leaf tea being inserted into this annular
space are carried round and rolled between the ribs or corrugations. A.
variable pressure is given to the bag of leaf by mounting the shaft or
axis of the inner cylinder in moveable bearings, which enables the
distance between the two cylinders to be regulated at the will of the
operator.
.
In my Invention, instead of the pressure on the bag of leaf being
varied by mounting the shaft of the revolving cylinder in moveable
bearings as above mentioned, the revolving barrel or cylinder of my
machine is carried on a shaft which runs in bearings fixed fast to the
frame of the machine, so that the axis of revolution is always in the same
straight line.
The means by which I vary the pressure on the bag of leaf so as to
adjust the pressure between the two cylinders are as follows:-Instead of
an outer cylinder lined with ribs or projections I use a frame of cylindrical
shape, the two ends of which are of a disc shape, and contain slots or
recesses radiating from the centre. The outside of this frame is composed
of bars of suitable section, the ends of which fit freely in the slots of
the frame ends, in which they can be moved either towards or away from
the centre by adjustable springs or other means; or in place of the
straight slots in the frame ends, as above mentioned, I sometimes uso
curved slots in which the bars can move freely, and at each outside end
of the shaft or axis I place another disc, in which are curved slots
corresponding to those in the frame ends. The bars are long enough to
allow of their ends projecting through the curved slots, and by turning
the moveable discs partly round the whole of the bars can be brought
towards the centre, or vice versa.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRICKMAKING MACHINES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Liddell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
April 1874.
I, JOHN LIDDELL, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRICKMAKING MACHINES," to be as follows, that is to
say:-
:―
:
This Invention which relates to improvements in machines for making.
bricks by pressing them in moulds, has for its essential object to obtain
an adjustment of the pressing block by which the clay is forced into
the mould, so that the degree of pressure can from time to time be
varied or regulated according to the clastic quality of the clay being
used. This object is effected by attaching the pressing block by means
of one or more levers to one or more links having a screw thercon and

page_text: provided with nuts for adjusting the position on the links of two guide
blocks between which the crank revolves, and by the revolution of
which the pressing block is raised and depressed. The crank is provided
with an antifriction roller which bears against or acts upon the guide
blocks.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TIES OR BANDS FOR BALING COTTON AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Charles Stiff and John
Sheldon at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 26th June 1874.
We, WILLIAM CHARLES STIFF, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Merchant and Manufacturer, and JOHN SHELDON, of
Birmingham, aforesaid, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TIES OR BANDS FOR BALING COTTON AND
FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
ties or bands used for baling cotton, hay, and other materials, and for
securing packages generally.
In making the said ties or bands according to our Invention we either
make them from wire or from strip or hoop iron.
In making the said ties or bands from wire we take wire of a diameter
greater than that which he furnished tie or band is intended to have.
We form on one end of the wire a hook by a stamp or press and dies,
the wire being operated upon either in a heated or cold state. We

page_text: afterwards reduce the diameter or substance of all the parts of the wire
excepting the part formed into a hook and the other end which has to
be formed into an eye. This reduction of diameter may be effected
either by rolling or drawing down. There is in this way produced a tie
or band having a strong hook at one end and a strong eye or portion
which may be bent into an eye at the other end.
In making the said ties or bands according to our Invention from
strip or hoop iron we take a number of strips or lengths of hoop iron, and
placing them together we heat the ends at which the hooks are to be
formed. The heated ends are operated upon by dies and a press so as
to give them a hook shape, the said ends being bound or compressed
laterlly while being operated upon, the said lateral binding being for
the purpose of preventing buckling or distortion of the end of the strip
of iron out of the plane of the other portion of the strip. The ends of
the strips are thus made of a hook form, the strip and its hooked end
retaining the flatness of the original strip.
In order to give additional strength to the hook one or more
corrugations may be made in it by means of dies and a stamp or press.
The said corrugations give great rigidity to the hook.
Where requisite, still greater strength may be given to the hook by
doubling the end of the strip before the formation of the hook is
commenced. The hook thus formed is engaged during the process of
baling or packing with the folded or doubled end of the strip.
A NEW AND IMPROVED METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CROSSING OFF PAWNBROKERS' TICKETS, THE SAID APPARATUS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE FOR MARKING DATES, NUMBERS, OR NAMES GENERALLY
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Copland Brockbank at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the.
24th October 1874.
•
I, JOHN COPLAND BROCKBANK, of 5, Southampton Buildings, Holborn,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW AND IMPROVED METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CROSSING
OFF PAWNBROKERS' TICKETS, THE SAID APPARATUS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE FOR
MARKING DATES, NUMBERS, OR NAMES GENERALLY," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a new and improved method and apparatus
for expediting crossing off the pawnbrokers' tickets, that is to say, for
entering the amount of interest paid on different pledges in the ledger as
required by Act of Parliament, and which by the present method of
writing takes up much time. On a counter or table I fix an adjustable
bar so that it can be fixed at any desired heighth, the said bar being of
such a length as to extend beyond the length of the ledger or book in
which the entries are to be made. On the said bar I place horizontally
(on a pivot) a disc or discs in such a way that it shall slide along the
bar by means of a slot cut in the said bar or otherwise. Around the said
disc or discs I place keys held in position by spiral springs, and capable

page_text: of being worked up or down similar to the keys of a cornet. I cut or
cast on the under-side of the said keys figures representing different
amounts of interest as required, and on the top side of the keys I mark
figures corresponding with those on the under side.
From the sliding pivot aforesaid extends an arm at the end of which 5
is hinged and kept up by a spring a stamp having the date of the month
and year cut or cast on it.
To enter the interest paid on the different tickets by this improved
method and apparatus I proceed as follows:-The edge of the leaf of
the ledger is brought under the arm aforesaid, which is adjusted to the 1
desired height by means of the adjustable bar above described. The
operator takes the pivot of the disc or discs with one hand and slides it
along the page until the arm carrying the date comes over the line on
which it is desired to enter the interest, he then turns the disc round
until the key having the desired interest marked on it comes in a line ]
with the arm aforesaid, when he depresses the koy and stamp hinged on
the arm, thus marking the interest and date in the ledger by means
of transfer paper or other suitable means.
It is obvious that any figure, letter, name, or design may be cut or
cast on the aforesaid keys, thus rendering the said apparatus applicable 2
for various other purposes than that above described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE GEAR FOR DRIVING AGRICULTURAL OR OTHER MACHINERY
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wilson and Joseph
Battersby at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 10th September 1874.
We, WILLIAM WILSON, of Wood Hey, Bebington, in the County of
Chester, Gentleman, and JOSEPH BATTERSBY, of Bedford Leigh, in the
County of Lancaster, Fitter, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE GEAR FOR DRIVING AGRICULTURAL OR
OTHER MACHINERY," to be as follows:—
The object of this Invention is improvements in the horse gear
employed for driving agricultural and other machinery, whereby such
gear may be rendered applicable to driving direct one, two, or more
machines at a distance, and either separately or together, and which
machinery although geared up direct to the horse gear may be thrown
in or out of action without uncoupling the connecting rods as at present
practised.

page_text: manner, but this shaft by preference carries a mitre or segmental wheel
(hereinafter called an intermediate wheel) of sufficiently large diameter
to impart the requisite speed to side shafts mounted on either side of
such central shaft, but with their axes in a radial line with the centre of
the driving wheel. These side shafts are arranged with segmental
pinions which are capable of sliding upon fixed keys or their respective
shafts, so as to be pushed in or out of gear with the intermediate wheel
at pleasure, and to be held in or out of gear therewith by means of a
suitable catch lever.
These improvements permit the various agricultural machines which
require to be driven at different speeds to be geared in a direct radial
line with the centre of the driving wheel, whereby a more direct motion
is obtained and friction proportionately decreased.
It will be readily apparent that the improvements are equally
applicable to those horse gears in which the several driving shafts are:
parallel with one another.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COP WINDING MACHINES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henchman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
June 1874.
I, JOHN HENCHMAN, of Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COP
WINDING MACHINES," to be as follows :―
My improvements consist in the addition of an apparatus, as hereafter
described, to the existing cop winding machines, whereby two or more
threads or yarns may be wound into a cop and at the same time twisted
together. The action of twisting the threads or yarns and winding them
so twisted into a cop is thus performed simultaneously by one machine
instead of by two machines and two processes as heretofore.
The apparatus consists of a twisting tube placed between the swifts or
bobbins from off which the threads or yarns are being wound, and the
spindle upon which the cop is being built. The threads or yarns are

page_text: passed through the said twisting tube, to which rotation is communicated
either by belt, or band, or by friction rollers, or by friction plate, or
other suitable well known method. The machine thus performs the
aforesaid two processes of simultaneously twisting two or more threads
or yarns together and building them into a cop.
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPLIANCES FOR STEADYING AND FOR STEERING SHIPS, BOATS, AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Blake and Robert
Tompkins at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 16th September 1874.
We, GEORGE BLAKE and ROBERT TOMPKINS, both of Reading, in
the County of Berks, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVED MEANS OR APPLIANCES FOR STEADYING AND FOR STEERING
SHIPS, BOATS, AND OTHER VESSELS," to be as follows:-
The objects of this Invention are to steady and to prevent the
capsizing of vessels of all sorts and sizes in rough weather, to withstand
contrary winds and currents, to counteract the influence of hurricanes,
and to afford more efficient means for steering. For this purpose we con-
struct ships, boats, or other vessels with a chamber at the bilge at each
side of the vessel, the said chambers being open at each end for the free
passage of the water therethrough. The openings are by preference
towards or near the stern and stem, where the vessel tapers off-rapidly.
The chambers may be longitudinally divided off by partitions.

page_text: The part near the keel, between the chambers, may be formed into
air chambers, or form part of the hold as usual.
Our improved rudder, which is suitable for this and other kinds of
ships, boats, or other vessels, is as follows:-The rudder post is about
horizontal, or by preference somewhat slanting down towards the stern. {
The rudder is scoop-shaped and forms an obtuse angle with the rudder
post. The post is turned by spoke wheels and chain alone or in com-
bination with other well known mechanical appliances.
Year: 1874

page_text: upon the india-rubber by means of adjusting screws at the upper part of
the frame. The india-rubber is made with one or more vertical openings
through it to allow it to expand laterally under pressure and so
increase its elasticity.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ephraim France at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
November 1874.
I, EPHRAIM FRANCE, of Leicester, in the County of Leicester, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES," to be as follows:—
This Invention relates to an improved method of fastening the elastic
side springs or gussets to the uppers or sides of boots and shoes, and of
preserving their elasticity when so secured.
Under the ordinary system the elastic side springs or gussets are cut
too small, and only inserted between and beyond the edges of the
leather of the upper sufficiently to catch the stitching thereat, which
is made by a flat ended needle on account of having to first cut through
the leather. Whilst forming the stitches this needle cuts or very much
damages the rubber threads of which the elastic side spring or gusset
is composed, and there being in consequence nothing to hold the cut
or damaged threads to the leather they slip back therefrom, thereby
causing an unsightly appearance and a partial or entire destruction of

page_text: the elastic property of the side spring or gusset. To remedy this defect
in lieu of a flat ended needle I use a fine pointed needle with which
by means of any ordinary stitching machine I first form the elastic
side spring or gusset before it is placed in the boot with one or more
rows of stitches around, and at any desired distance from its fastening
edge in such a manner that the fine pointed needle with its thread
passes between the said rubber threads successively and binds them fast
along such row or rows of stitches. The side spring or gusset is then
fastened at its edges to the leather by stitching in a similar or any
other desirable manner. By this means if the rubber threads should
break loose from the leather they will be prevented from slipping back
past the row or rows of stitches formed as described, the appearance and
elasticity of the side spring or gusset being thereby preserved.