IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING TELEGRAPHS
Year: 1887

page_text: I, JACOB HAYS LINVILLE, of the City and County of Philadelphia, in the State of
Pennsylvania, United States of America, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING TELEGRAPHS, and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
My invention relates especially to that class of printing telegraphs operating
automatically either as transmitters or receivers by electrical pulsations sent from any
instrument organized as a transmitter over a conductor connected with one or more
similar instruments organized as receivers when the type wheel shaft is driven by any
suitable motive power.
My invention further relates to the application of a motor to automatically wind a
spring which rotates the type wheel shaft; and to the use of two type wheels in page
printing telegraphy whereby through suitable shifting devices the impressions upon
the paper from either wheel may be made in the same continuous line; and to
improved apparatus for presenting the paper in page form from a continuous roll to
the type wheels; and to electric magnetic devices and circuits to operate the type
wheels, to unison the type wheels and paper carriages and to effect impressions.
The general object of my invention is to diminish the cost, increase the rapidity and
certainty of such apparatus to obviate the necessity of winding the motive power by
hand and to provide improved means of maintaining synchronism between the
pulsator and the type wheels of the instrument employed as a transmitter and the
type wheels of the instruments employed as receivers whereby their synchronous
movement is automatically adjusted, when necessary, once in each revolution by an
electro-magnet responding to pulsations of twice the ordinary length required to
rotate the type wheels without retarding the regular motion of the type wheels of the
transmitter, and to effect the requisite operations over a main conductor by the aid of
local batteries, using in all the operations currents of similar polarity.
My invention consists first: In the employment of an electro-motor to automatically
wind a spring interposed between a drum, carrying a toothed gear wheel engaging
with a pinion on the type wheel shaft and a shaft passing through the drum around

page_text: which a spring is continuously or intermittently wound by means of a gear wheel
secured to said shaft through intermediary gearing driven by a pinion on the motor
shaft.
Second: In the peculiar construction of a table of insulated segments, equal in
number to the divisions of the type wheels, placed concentric with the type wheel
shaft, over which segments traverse a brush secured to a metallic hub on the type
wheel shaft and insulated therefrom. An insulated contact spring in electrical
connection with the main line circuit bears on this metallic hub. In the table of
contacts, usually termed a "sunflower" the segments are alternately connected by
conductors to open and closed circuit springs operated by the stems of the keys on
the key-board, except in one instance, where three consecutive contacts are connected
with closed circuit springs of the key-board. The anvils of the circuit springs are
electrically connected with one another, and with one electrode of the line battery.
Third: In the use of a double point relay with its coils in the main line conductor,
both in the transmitting and receiving instruments, the tongue of the double point
relay being connected with one electrode of a local battery while its front and back
contacts are respectively connected by conductors to the parallel coils of the escape-
ment electro-magnets and to the other electrode of the local battery.
Fourth: In the use of neutral escapement electro-magnets wound with parallel
coils, between the poles of which electro-magnets polarized armatures are caused to
vibrate in response to currents of similar polarity traversing the parallel coils in
reverse directions.
Fifth In the employment of two type wheels, one engraved with the letters of the
alphabet, blanks, punctuation marks &c., and the other with numerals, fractions,
conventional signs, blanks &c., both being rigidly secured to a sleeve moving loosely
on the type wheel shaft with means for shifting the type wheels vertically and means
for effecting the printing of letters, characters and numerals in the same continuous
line and in page form on sheets of paper or from rolls of paper.
Sixth: In a circuit "director," by which, when the type wheels are arrested at
determined points, the currents from a local battery are automatically directed through
the coils of the respective electro-magnets employed to shift the type wheels, feed the
paper, release the paper carriage or effect impressions.
Seven: In an improved unison device controlled by a circuit" corrector" whereby
a continuous local current due to the prolonged contact of the relay tongue on the
front stop, during the passage of the brush over three successive closed circuit
contacts in the sunflower, is sub-divided into three distinct impulses, one to energize
the escapement electro-magnets and advance the type wheels when the main line is
closed; one which passes through the other coil of the escapement electro-magnets
reversing their polarity when the main line is ordinarily broken; and another which
again reverses the polarity of the escapement electro-magnets, when the main line is
normally closed, whereby a regular succession of electrical impulses in the local
circuits through the escapement electro-magnets, is effected permitting uninterrupted
rotation of the type wheels during a prolonged impulse over the main line, while at
the same time, the coils of the unison electro-magnet are included in the local circuit
by the "corrector" during the time of two consecutive local circuit pulsations through
the escapement electro-magnets. The unison electro-magnet is preferably adjusted so
as to respond only to such prolonged pulsations.
The motor being constantly in the closed circuits of a local battery winds the coiled
spring until arrested by a geneva stop, or by an electrical cut-out controlled by said
geneva stop; the coiled spring constantly tending to revolve the drum and gearing
which turns the type wheel shaft. The revolution of this shaft is controlled by an
anchor escapement, the pawl lever of which carries a polarized steel armature,
vibrating between unlike poles of two opposing, neutral electro-magnets wound with
two parallel coils.
When the circuit of the main line battery is closed through a sunflower contact, the
armature of the relay is attracted, and the circuit of a local battery is closed by the
relay tongue through the front contact, in one direction, through one of the coils of

page_text: the escapement electro-magnets, which imparts motion to a polarized armature,
permitting a movement of the type wheel shaft corresponding to one division of the
type wheels, and the contact brush is thereby moved to an open circuit segment of
the sunflower, whereupon the main line circuit is broken and the relay tongue falls
against its back stop, closing the local circuit in a reverse direction through the second
coil of the escapement electro-magnets and thereby reversing their polarity and
moving the polarized armature in a reverse direction, permitting the type wheel shaft
to revolve another step, whereby the contact brush is placed on a closed circuit
segment and the previous operation is repeated; the type wheels continuing to rotate
by the constant force of a coiled spring or other suitable power until a key is depressed,
which causes two consecutive makes or breaks of circuit on the sunflower, thereby
interrupting the alternate succession of makes and breaks of circuit and arresting the
vibrations of the relay tongue in contact with either its front or back stop. The type
wheels are consequently stopped at a character corresponding with the key connected
to that segment of the sunflower on which the brush is arrested.
When the key is released the alternation of closed and open circuit contacts is
restored and the type wheel shaft continues to revolve until again arrested. The
pulsations over the line operate the relays in one or more receivers, the line passing
around the sunflower and the key-board directly from one receiver to another in series
and then to ground. The change from a transmitter to a receiver is effected by
reversing an ordinary two point switch.
The shifting of the type wheels, vertically, is effected by a local battery, the circuit
of which is closed by the director, at certain positions of the type wheels, through
electro-magnets operating the shifting devices. Similarly, at other positions of the
type wheels the local circuit is closed by the director through the impression and
paper feeding electro-magnets.
The unison electro-magnet has a projection on its armature lever normally in the
path of a unison arm attached to the type wheel shaft and which projection will arrest
the type wheels in the unison position unless withdrawn by a prolonged pulsation
occurring when the unison arm arrives in contact therewith. This pulsation can pass
through the coils of the unison electro-magnet, only, when a prolonged line current
energizes the relay electro-magnet, and when the "corrector" and type wheels of the
receiver are within one step of the unison position, hence if the type wheels of a
receiver are not moving synchronously with the type wheels of a transmitter they
will be arrested on arriving at the unison position until a prolonged pulsation occurs
in the main line, at and just preceding the unison position of the transmitter,
simultaneously releasing the unison arms of both instruments by a pulsation in the
local circuit through the coils of the unison electro-magnets of twice the duration of
the normal pulsations which energize the escapement electro-magnets, without checking
the motion of the type wheels, as is the case where the unison and escapement electro-
magnets both respond to the same prolonged impulses in the same line.
The paper is preferably fed from a continuous roll and spaced between the lines of
printing thereon by the action of an electro-magnet, and the paper carriages are
brought into unison by continuing the pulsations until they are all arrested at the end
of their forward movement, when all the carriages are simultaneously released by
magnetic devices which not only release the pawl and dog of the spacing rack, but
also release a counter-pawl engaging in a counter-rack introduced to promptly check
the movement of the paper carriage when advanced suddenly to space rapidly between
letters.
An improved signalling device, to indicate to the transmitting operator when the
paper carriage of the receiver has completed its recoil movement, operates as follows:
The main line circuit is looped through spring contacts normally closed at the trans-
mitters and receivers and the key that is employed to close the main line circuit and
arrest the type wheels at a blank space in position for the directors to close the local
circuit through the electro magnets which operate to release the paper carriages, short
circuits this loop at the transmitter. The paper carriage of the receiver when recoiling
separates these contacts, thereby momentarily, interrupting the main line circuit and

page_text: .
the relay tongue consequently strikes its back stop changing the local circuit through
the escapement electro magnets, and the type wheels of both instruments, consequently,
make one revolution, being again arrested when the brush reaches the segment of the
sunflower connected with the depressed key. This abnormal movement of the type
wheel will, with certainty, indicate the recoil of the paper carriage of the receiver, and
the operator will thus be enabled to correct any irregularity in the movement of the
respective paper carriages before printing a succeeding line.
My invention also comprises numerous details of mechanism hereinafter fully
explained.
In the accompanying drawings illustrating my invention :
Figure 1, is a plan view of the key board and paper carriage and a plan of the
interior of the apparatus below a horizontal plane cutting the instrument above the
scape wheel and the escapement electro magnets.
Fig. 2, is a longitudinal section through the body of the key board and instrument,
and a side elevation of the bracket and impression electro-magnet and mechanical
devices.
Fig. 3, is a transverse section of the apparatus taken in rear of the type wheel
shaft.
Fig. 4, is a horizontal section through the base of the instrument, and through the
bracket supporting the impression devices and showing also a detail of the winding
drum and geneva stop cut-out.
Fig. 5, is a rear elevation of the instrument.
Fig. 6, is a top view of the box of the instrument and of the paper carriage and
impression devices.
Fig. 7, is a detail of the respective dises, and circuit springs composing the
director.
Fig. 7, is a vertical longitudinal section of the director.
Fig. 8, is a detail of the respective discs and circuit springs composing the
corrector.
Fig. 9, is a diagram indicating the direction of the current in an ordinary electro
magnet with two cores united by a pole piece.
Fig. 10, is a diagram of the core and coil of an electro magnet as ordinarily wound,
showing the polarity when the positive current circulates in the direction indicated.
Fig. 11, is a diagram of two electro magnets with opposing poles, the coils of
which are all wound similarly to the winding illustrated in fig. 10, but with two
parallel coils. The coils show the direction of the currents of similar polarity and the
resulting reverse polarity of the opposite poles is indicated.
Fig. 12, is a diagrammatic view of the complete circuits of the line and local
batteries through the circuit controlling devices and the electro magnets of an
instrument organized as a transmitter; and
Fig. 13, is a diagrammatic view of the complete circuits of the line and local
batteries through the circuit controlling devices and electro-magnets of an instrument
organized as a receiver.
Referring to the drawings O, represents a suitable case for inclosing portions of
the instrument. A key board 0, rests on, and is detachable from the case O. The
bed plate O, is secured to the case by lugs O", and on this bed plate is constructed
the removable upper case consisting of the corner pieces 06, posts 07, 0", front
plate O¹³, top plate 010, and beveled glass side plates 08. By removing the long
screws 014, the corner pieces O, may be taken out, and the glass sides may then be
removed affording access to the interior of the apparatus without removing the top
plate 010.
On the base O¹, is secured the plate O³, of insulating material, to which are secured
the insulating strips o", and to which the circuit springs o¹ and o18, the anvil bars o¹³,
and the stops o¹, are fastened. The anvil bars o¹, are insulated from the key board O.
Through the removable key board 02, and the guides o³, pass the stems o³, of the
open circuit keys o, and the closed circuit keys o¹. The stems of these keys are
provided with helical springs o¹0, and with terminals o", of insulating material in

page_text: contact with the circuit springs o" and o¹, and also with stop pins o18, to limit their
upward movement.
The anvil bars o¹³, limit the downward movement of the circuit springs o", and the
stops o, determine the movement of the circuit springs o¹6. The keys o and o¹, are
engraved with letters of the alphabet, characters, numerals, fractions, punctuation
marks &c.
"
The key o³, marked "up" is used to arrest the type wheels at a predetermined
point in order to actuate the several devices to raise them. To lower the type wheels
the key o, marked "down is employed. The key o*, is depressed when spacing
between words, or advancing the paper carriage; the key o¹, to feed the paper
between lines, and the key o, is depressed when it is desired to release the paper
carriage at any point in its excursion.
The plate U, is sustained by posts u, secured within the bed plate O', and forms the
support for the typo wheel shaft R, and the shaft ¹². The flanged ring u³, is supported
by the plate us, which supports the sunflower S.
The sunflower S, consists of 32 metallic segments as shown in figs. 12 and 15,
oqually spaced around, and concentric with the type wheel shaft R. These segments
are insulated from each other and from the bed plate 0. The segments marked $7,
are connected by the conductors 7, to the circuit springs o, and the segments 88, by
the conductor 6, to the circuit springs o".
Three successive contacts s', of the sunflower S, are connected with closed circuit.
springs, while all the remaining segments are alternately connected to circuit
springs o¹ and o¹.
The metallic hub s, is secured to and insulated from the type wheel shaft R, and
carries an arm s, to which is adjusted the brush s³, bearing on, and arranged to
traverse the segments 7 and 8, when the type wheel shaft revolves. The contact
spring st, insulated at so, from the instrument bears on the metallic hub s, and is in
connection with the conductor 8, of the line circuit. During the revolution of the
type wheel shaft and brush, alternate makes and breaks of circuit, of uniform
duration, will occur in the main line circuit, until the brush passes three successive
closed contacts, which will then produce a prolonged impulse in the line circuit,
without checking the regular progressive movement of the type wheel shaft effected
through the intervention of the corrector, as hereinafter more particularly described.
Rotary motion of the type wheel shaft R, is effected by the spur wheel v, secured
to the drum V, engaging in the pinion wheel v', on the shaft R, the drum V, being
constantly revolved by
a coiled spring, secured to the interior of the drum and
to the shaft 2. This shaft 12, is constantly turned by a suitable motor C, through
the intervention of mitre-wheels and v³, and a pinion ut, engaging in the spur-
wheel ², secured to the shaft, thus continuously winding the coiled spring 8,
until arrested by a geneva stop pinion on the shaft v, locking it in its gear-
wheel, on the spur-wheel v, or preferably until the motor circuit is temporarily
interrupted at a predetermined point in the revolution of the geneva stop. The
cam on the gear-wheel 10, passes under the insulated pin 1, sliding in the metal
wheel, insulated from the shaft 2, and by raising the pin 1, which impinges
against the circuit spring ", lifts this spring clear of the metal wheel 20, thereby
interrupting the motor circuit, which is again closed when the drum V, and spur-
wheel v², is advanced by the force of the coiled spring and by which arrangement an
uniform tension of the coiled spring 8, is maintained. The motor circuit may be
shunted in any well known Juanner through a resistance equivalent to the combined
resistance of the motor armature and field magnets. When the motor circuit is
temporarily interrupted the shaft 12, is prevented from recoiling by a click 13,
engaging in the ratchet v¹, on the shaft v
The step by step motion of the type wheel shaft is controlled by a polarized
armature p, carrying pallets p³ and p², engaging in the scape-wheel p', on the type
wheel shaft R. This armature is caused to vibrate by alternate reversals of the
polarity in the adjacent poles of the double coil neutral escapement electro
magnets P, P1, P2 and P³, due to the change of direction of the currents of similar

page_text: polarity traversing these coils. Alternate makes and breaks of the main line
circuit through the brush s*, respectively magnetize and demagnetize the relay D,
causing its tongue d, to vibrate between its front stop d', and back stop d³, alternately
closing the circuit from one pole of the local battery B₁, through the corrector L, and
the electro magnets P, P1 P2 and P3, causing corresponding vibrations of the
polarized armature p, and consequently a step by step movement of the scape-wheel p*,
type wheel shaft R, and brush 53, as will be hereinafter more fully explained.
Consequently, when the switch W, is turned to the point w, fig. 12, and the point w¹,
fig. 13, and the circuit of the main line battery B, is thereby closed through the key
board and sunflower and the relay of the transmitter, and through the relay to ground
at the receiver, the relays of the transmitter and receiver will be simultaneously
energized and the type wheels of both instruments will continue to revolve
synchronously until the alternate succession of closed and open circuit contacts is
interrupted by depressing a key o or o³, which causes the brush s³, to contact with two
consecutive closed or open circuit segments in the sunflower, arresting the vibrations
of the relay tongues d, and stopping the vibration of the polarized armatures and
P,
pallets p³ and p³, and stopping the scape-wheels p, and type wheels R¹ and R³, at a
character corresponding to the key depressed on both transmitters and receivers.
When the key is released, the alternate succession of impulses in the main line is
thereby restored, and the shaft R, continues to revolve until again arrested by
depressing a key, or by breaking the line circuit at the switch W, as hereinafter more
particularly described.
The director M, shown in detail in fig. 7*, and in the dissected views in fig. 7, is
secured to the shaft R, by means of hubs m and m°, set screws m³ and m, the
pins m³ and m³, combining the insulating collars m and m³, with the hubs, and the
insulating sleeves m³ and m³. The metallic sleeves m' and m³, are prolonged until
they reach the separating discs of insulating material m³ and m. The metallic
discs m², m³ and m², are in, electrical contact with the sleeve m³, and the metallic
discs m, m and m³, are in like manner in contact with the sleeve m³, and the
metallic discs are separated from one another by insulating rings m², m², m², m³,
26 m² 17
m
,
m28 and m2.
The spring m10, bears on the sleeve m¹, and springs m", m¹ and m¹³, bear
respectively on the metallic discs m², m³ and m², similarly, the spring m", bears on
the sleeve me, and the springs m", mil and me, bear respectively on the metallic
discs m³, m and m'. I have shown a corrector with 32 divisions, corresponding with
the number of divisions on the sunflower and the number of characters on the type
wheels. These numbers must correspond in all cases, but a greater or less number in
each would operate equally as well. There are 13 exterior metallic contacts m³, on
the disc m², and 14 contacts m, on the disc m², at regular intervals on the periphery,
except where one regular contact is omitted as at m³, m40, m¼ and m⭑7. The contact
corresponding to the division mo, is on disc m³, at m¹, and the contact corresponding
to mo, is on disc m², at m". The contact corresponding to the division m₁ on disc m²,
is at m³, on the disc m³, and the contact corresponding to the division m", on the
disc m², is on the disc mo, at m". The contacts m³, on the disc m³, alternating with
the contacts m, on disc m², and it follows that if the director M, is stopped at any
one of its 32 sub-divisions electrical contact will be made through the particular
spring resting on the contact corresponding with that subdivision and the metal
sleeve m¹ or m³, and the spring m10 or m", and all other peripheral contact springs
will rest on insulated spaces separating the metallic discs.
The peripheral contact springs m¹ and m¹, are in the local circuit of battery B³,
through the coils of the electro magnets F, employed for moving the paper carriage
to space between letters and through the coils of the electro magnet G, for making
impressions. The spring m¹³, is in circuit with the coils of electro-magnet H, for
lifting the type wheels, and the spring m, in the circuit of the electro-magnet H¹, for
lowering the typewheels. The spring m", is in the circuit of the electro-magnet I,
for feeding the paper to space between lines and the spring m", is in the circuit of
the electro-magnet J, to release the dog 15, and the pawl, and, counter-pawlf",

page_text: from the spacing-rack ƒ³, and counter-rack f', of the paper carriage at any point in
its excursion.
The peripheral contacts are shorter than the intervening insulations so that the
momentary closing of the local circuits during the rapid revolution of the director is
not of sufficient duration to energize the electro-magnets in circuit so as to overcome
their retracting springs, but when the shaft R, and the director M, are arrested by the
depression of any key the corresponding peripheral contact of the director rests under
its respective circuit spring and a prolonged impulse results strongly energizing the
particular electro-magnet through the coils of which the circuit is thus directed.
The construction of the corrector L, which is secured to but insulated from the
shaft R, is similar to one division of the director M, as illustrated in fig. 7. The
metal discs 12, and 1, are in electrical contact with the insulated metallic sleeve l¹,
and are separated by insulating discs.
The spring, in the circuit of the local battery B¹, through conductor 11, tongue d,
and the front stop d', of the relay D, rests on the metal sleeve l, and the spring P,
is in the circuit by the conductor 18, with a coil of the escapement electro-
magnets P, P1, P2 and P3, and with the spring 18, through the metallic disc 2, except at
one division thereof where the insulated space 16, breaks this electrical connection, and
at the same time the circuit through the front stop d, is diverted by the contact 1°, on
the disc 1, through the spring 10, and the conductor 22, into the other coil of the
escapement electro magnets. At this particular sub-division of the corrector L, and
for one sub-division previous thereto, the contact, on the disc 1, falls under the
spring, and the circuit through the front stop d', is closed in a parallel circuit
through the springs 11 and 1, and one coil of the escapement electro magnets and the
unison magnet Q, during the time that the sub-division of L, is passing under the
springs, and 1, and in parallel circuit through the springs 10 and 11, and the
other coil of the escapement electro-magnets and also through the unison electro-
magnet Q, while the succeeding sub-division of the corrector L, is passing under the
circuit springs, thus alternating the two impulses of the local battery B¹, through the
escapement clectro-magnets and causing an impulse of twice the duration of one of
the former impulses to energize the unison electro-magnet once in each revolution of
the shaft R. The prolonged closing of the tongue d, against its front stop d*, occurs
when the brush s³, passes three successive closed circuit segments on the sunflower S,
and this occurs only once in each revolution of the shaft R. The unison electro
magnet Q, attracts its armature g¹, and thereby moves the stop q², out of contact with
the unison arm q³, secured to the shaft R, when energized by prolonged impulses.
Since the prolonged impulses cannot occur, unless at the time when the brush s³, is
passing over the three consecutive closed circuit contacts in the sunflower S, the
electro-magnet Q, in the transmitters and receivers can release the respective unison
arms only at the unison position, and if the unison arm q³, of a receiver arrives at
the unison position in advance of the unison arm 93, of a transmitter it will be
arrested until the unison arm q³, of the transmitter arrives at the unison position
when both unison arms will be simultaneously released and the type wheels of the
respective instruments will start together in unison. The alternation of impulses of
the local battery B¹, by means of the insulation 1, contact 16, springs and 110,
effects a continuous rotation of the type weeel shaft R, while the relay tongue d,
is in prolonged contact with its front stop d', a result impracticable when the unison
electro-magnet is in the same line and responds to the same impulses as the escapement
electro-magnet.
The apparatus for shifting the double type wheels R¹, and R³, and for regulating
the impressions will now be described.
The type wheels R¹ and R³, are rigidly secured to a sleeve r, moving freely on the
type wheel shaft R. The sleeve r, terminates at its lower end in a grooved collar r¹.
A rod, slides freely in the top plate O, and the bracket O", and the arm, is
secured to the rod, and projects at right angles therefrom, terminating in a fork
with pins, catching in the grooved collar . A lever h, is secured to the shaft h³,
supported in bearings h³, and the lever °, is pivoted at ; to the rod 78, and a shorter

page_text: lever h, secured to this shaft ho, projects horizontally therefrom, and at its extremity
is linked a vertical bar h*, pivoted at its lower end by the eye-bolt h³, fig. 12, to the
'armature lever h, of the electro-magnets H and H'. When the electro-magnet H, is
energized its armature 2, is attracted, thereby raising the levers h and h³, and
consequently the rod, arm 4, sleeve r, and the type wheels R¹ and R2, to the
position as shown in fig. 2, conversely, when the electro-magnet H³ is energized, and
the armature, is thereby attracted, the type wheels 'R' and R², are lowered so that
the upper type wheel R', is in the same horizontal plane previously occupied by the
type wheel R², directly opposite the centre of the impression hammer g" so that
both type wheels will render their impressions in the same line.
The ink roller 78, is long enough to supply ink to both type wheels, and revolves
freely on a pin, on the arm. The arm, is loosely pivoted on the rod ro, and
supported on a collar, secured to said rod. Constant pressure of the ink roller,
against the type wheels R¹ and R', is effected by the spring 70, while the projecting
end, of the arm 7, impinges against an adjusting screw 2, when the ink roller
passes over the blank spaces on the type wheels. By this arrangement of the apparatus
as described the ink roller 8, is simultaneously given the same vertical movement as
the type wheels R' and R³. I employ four printing springs two of which r¹³ and r¼,
are secured in the sleeves 17, on the stud 4, and adjustable by the nut 720, secured to
the stud, and the other two printing springs 15 and 18, are secured in the
sleeve 18, and adjustable by means of the nut 1, on the stud 28
The printing springs are shown in position in fig. 3, with the type wheels raised so
as to take the impressions from the lower type wheel R. In this position the printing
springs and, are opposite the space between the type wheels. When the type
wheel R', is in position for printing the springs and, are above this type wheel
and the springs 14 and 18, are opposite the space between the type wheels. The
printing springs operate to prevent impressions being taken from the type wheel
that is not in the same horizontal plane with the printing hammer 9. The
impression electro-magnet G, is suspended from a curved bracket g³, secured to the
bracket O. Its right angular armature lever g, is pivoted at 9', and is extended
vertically so as to impinge against the stem 9, of the printing hammer 9", and
horizontally to carry the armature g¹. It is adjusted by a helical spring 9, and a
stem g, with a milled head g. The stem ge, of the printing hammer g¹³, passes
freely through a sleeve g³, the bore of which is enlarged to receive a coiled spring g¹º,
operating to give backward motion to the stem 98. When either type wheel R¹ or R²,
is arrested with a character opposite the printing hammer g¹, and the electro-
magnet G, is energized as hereinafter described, it will attract its armature g¹, and the
lever g, striking the stem go, will force the printing hammer against the interposed
sheet of paper T, causing an impression thereon, of the character presented.
The paper carriage for supporting the roll of paper T4, and presenting it in a flat
sheet T, in the rear of the type wheels, consists mainly of a curved plate T¹º, to which
are fastened the side bars T and T', by means of the flanges T and T. The paper T",
is guided upwards on this curved plate T, between the plate T, and the guide
bars T and T. A rod T³, stays the upper extremities of the bars T and T, and
supports the flat sheet of paper T. The paper is delivered from the roller T, held in
brackets on the side bars T and T', and is fed upwards to space between lines by the
feed rollers I and 1*, revolved by the angular shaft I'. The rollers 15 and I³, are
secured near the ends of and revolve with the shaft I, supported in links ¿¹¹, pivoted
at one end on stud pins projecting from the side bars T and T'. The helical springs i¹³,
attached to the links ", regulate the pressure of the rollers I and I°, of the paper
sheet interposed between these rollers and the feed rollers I and I*.
The angular shaft I, included between the feed rollers 13 and I', is moved by a
loose flanged pinion, sliding freely on the shaft I', and the spur-wheel, which
engages in the pinion 10, is fastened on one extremity of the shaft, which is held in
suitable bearings secured to the back plate 0°. On the other extremity of the shaft i*,
is secured a ratchet wheel, into which engages the hook-pawl, pivoted in the
extremity of the right angular lever ?, which is rotated on a trunnion T. A spring i",
17

page_text: attached to the lever, keeps the hook pawl, in contact with the ratchet wheel 1³.
When the type wheels are stopped at a blank space corresponding to the key o*, on
the key board 0, the electro-magnet I, is thereupon energized through the local
circuits hereinafter described, attracting its armature i, and thereby causing the hook-
pawl, to revolve the ratchet wheel, the space of one tooth, and consequently
effecting a movement of the feed rollers I³ and I, through the intervention of the
spur-wheel, and flanged pinion 1. The relative proportions of the lever i³, ratchet-
wheel, spur-wheel 7, flanged pinion 10, and feed rollers I and I, are such that the
paper is by one impulse through the coils of the electro-magnet I, fed upwards the
space between two lines at any point in the excursion of the paper carriage. The
paper carriage moves laterally on wheels t* and t³, running between the tracks t and t¹,
secured to the back plate O, and on wheels to and to, running on the lower track t
To advance the paper carriage, a rack f³, and a counter-rack f, are employed both
attached to the bars T and T₁, of the carriage. The pawl f*, pivoted at the extremity
of the armature lever f, of the electro magnet F, engages in the rack, and the
counter-pawl f, pivoted on a fixed centre 10, and coupled to the stud screw f14, by
the link, engages in the counter-rack 7, when the armature lever f, is retracted
by its helical spring f. When the electro magnet F, is energized, attracting its
armature, the counter-pawl, is thrown away from the counter-rack f. At each
throw of the rack fo, by the pawl, the counter-pawl f, suddenly arrests the rack f
at the precise point required to space between two letters, while the dog fl, catching
in a tooth of the rack, prevents a retrograde movement thereof. The electro-
magnet F, is energized, as will hereinafter be more fully explained, when the type
wheel is arrested at any character or at a spacing blank. The electro-magnet J, is
employed when energized to attract the armature on the short lever j¹, secured to
the shaft j, as shown in figs. 1, 3 and 4. The long lever j", is secured to the shaft j,
at a higher plane and just below the plane of the pawl, dog f1, and counter-pawl
A bar, passing under these pawls and dog has a pin j, passing up behind the dog f1,
a pin, behind the pawl, and a pin 1, behind the counter-pawl f, and the bar
is pivoted to the extremity of the lever 13. When the key o, is depressed and the
electro-magnet J, is energized as hereinafter more fully described and attracts its
armature, on the lever j¹, the shaft j, is slightly revolved imparting angular motion
to the long lever j¹³, and thereby causing longitudinal movement of the bar is, which,
by means of the pins *, and *, releases the pawl f, and the dog f15, from the
rack f, and the counter-pawlf, from the counter-rack f, thus permitting retrograde
movement of the paper carriage, which is solicited by the weight t, hung to the
cord, passing over the pulley to, and attached to the arm 18, secured to the paper
carriage. The key o³, can be operated at any position of the paper carriage to release
the carriage at any point in its forward movement.
A bent arm t", is attached to the base O, and through the extremity of this arm
passes the adjusting screw (13, limiting the movement of the spring t¹, secured to the
arm t. The buffer t8, secured to the side bar T, impinges against the spring t¹,
which strikes the set screw 18, the resilience of the spring 14, thus neutralizing
the shock and the set screw ¹³, limiting the retrograde movement of the paper
carriage.
To indicate by signal to the operator at a transmitter when the paper carriage of a
receiver has completed its retrograde movement the following devices are employed.
The bent lever 18, fig. 5, is pivoted at 2, in the bracket t", rising from the arm 13.
A contact is insulated from the arm t¹, by the insulation t", and a contact t¹, is
insulated from the bent lever t¹, by the insulation t". The conductor 2, of the main
line is attached to the contact t2, and the conductor 3, of the main line is attached to
the contact . In figs. 12 and 13, are shown the releasing key o°, in connection
with the main line circuit. In a cut-out circuit 49 and 50, is placed the contact
springs and 20, with the contacts separated and the springs insulated from each
other by a block of insulating material o". From the stem o³, of the key o', extends
an arm o", which impinges on the insulation o", on the spring o", when the key o³, is
B

page_text: depressed to release the paper carriages. Since the key board of the instrument used
as a receiver is cut out of the line circuit, when the switch W, is on the point w¹,
fig. 13, and the key board of the transmitter is in the circuit of the main line when
the switch W, is on the point w, fig. 12, the depression of the key os, at the
transmitter will short circuit the portion of the line conductors 3 and 2, between
key o', and the contacts t¹ and ", rendering the device for breaking the line circuit
at the contacts t¹ and (*, inoperative, at the transmitter. The pawl, hanging from
the arm to, secured to the side bar T, and pivoted loosely at t, and stopped by the
pin, trips the bent-lever t¹³, separating the contacts t¹ and t", when the paper
carriage recoils thus breaking the main line circuit in the conductors 2 and 3, at the
receiver as shown in fig. 13. The key o', is an open circuit key, and the relays D, in
the main line are energized while the key o, is depressed, closing the main line
during the retrograde movement of the paper carriage of a transmitter and a receiver
coupled in circuit as shown in figs. 12 and 13. The momentary interruption of this
circuit by the separation of the contacts 1 and 2, when the pawl to, strikes the
arm allows the relay tongues d, to close the contacts d', against the back
stops d', diverting the local circuit through the other coil of the escapement electro
magnets P, P1, P2 and P', which permits the rotation of the type wheels precisely
the same as if the key os, had not been depressed. The type wheels will again
however, be arrested when the brush &³, arrives at the segment of the sunflower S,
connected with the key o; if this key has not in the mean time been released, and
this revolution abnormally produced, will evidently indicate that the paper carriage of
the receiver has recoiled, thus enabling an operator to maintain synchronous move-
ment of the paper carriages of both the transmitter and receiver. The paper carriages
of a number of receivers may be brought into unison with that of the transmitter by
stopping the type wheels at the blank for spacing between words. At each period
when a blank space is made the paper carriages will move forward a step, until their
forward movement is arrested. If such movement of the type wheels be continued
any carriage that may have been retarded may be brought to the end of its forward
excursion, when, by depressing the releasing key os, all the paper carriages may be
simultaneously released. The hanging pawl to rides freely over the bent-lever t¹,
when the paper carriage is advanced. In fig. 10, is indicated the core of an electro
magnet wound overhand with the heel end at the left and a positive current
circulating in the direction indicated by the arrow therein will produce a South
pole S, at the armature end. If two similarly wound cores are connected as is usual
and as is shown in fig. 9, a positive current will circulate around these cores in the
direction indicated by the arrows, producing a south pole S, at the heel ends of the
left hand core and a north pole at the heel end of the right hand core, and when
united by a yoke in the usual manner the combined magnet will have reverse polarity
at the armature end of the cores. In fig. 11, is shown two U-electro magnets with
confronting poles, the cores of which magnets are wound with two separate coils so
connected to one another and to the respective conductors that a positive current will
circulate around the respective cores in the direction indicated by the lines x, x².
The helical line ¹, indicates the direction the positive current will circulate around
the cores to produce the confronting poles S¹ and N¹; and the line ², indicates the
direction the positive current will circulate around the cores to produce in the con-
fronting poles the polarity indicated by S and N³, indicating respectively south and
north polarity. The double coil of the electro magnets P, P, P and P³, are
connected in circuit so that the currents circulate as indicated by the line ',, in
fig. 11.
The operation of the electro magnets and mechanical devices and the course of the
electrical circuits in a transmitter and a receiver when the switch W, is turned to the
point w, as in fig. 12, and the switch W, is turned to w¹, as in fig. 13, will now be
described. Since the transmitters and receivers are similar in every respect and can
be operated interchangably, by reversing the position of the switches W, similar letters
and figures have accordingly been employed to designate similar devices and circuits

page_text: in figs. 12 and 13. In fig. 13, the conductor 8, is broken at w, the switch W, cutting
out of circuit the contact springs o¹ and o¹, and segments of the sunflower S, while
in fig. 12, the conductor 3, is broken at w¹, and the segments of the sunflower S, and
the contact springs o¹ and old, are in circuit. The relay magnets D, in both instru-
ments respond simultaneously to all impulses in the main line, and all other magnets
in both instruments respond similarily to simultaneous impulses of the local batteries
when their circuits are closed through the relay tongues and by either the "director"
or "corrector." It will of course be understood that the magnetic devices and
circuits in both instruments will operate simultaneously, and hence the description of
their operation hereinafter given refers to both the transmitting and receiving
instruments.
The type wheel shafts R, and the brushes 3, revolve to the left as indicated by
the arrows. Starting with the brush 3, of the transmitter fig. 12, arrested on a
closed circuit contact, that is, the first segment marked s', in its path and direction of
rotation, and assuming that the closed circuit spring o16, has been depressed by its
key o', interrupting the line circuit at the anvil bar o, the main line circuit may be
followed from earth at A, fig. 12, by the conductor I, to the negative electrode of the
battery B, from the positive electrode by the conductor 2, to the contact t", thence by
the contact 18, and the conductors 3 and 4, to the anvil bar o¹, and by the conductor 5,
to the anvil bar o. The main line circuit is broken at the anvil bars o", and at the
sunflower segments 88, connected to the springs o¹, until a key o, is depressed to
cause a spring o¹, to make a contact with the anvil bar o¹³, and the brush ; is over a
corresponding segments. The circuit is normally closed at the contact springs 018,
through any segment s', over which the brush s³, passes, but it has been assumed that
the key o¹, has been depressed and the brush, is over the first segment marked 87,
connected to spring o, and consequently the main line circuit is interrupted at
both ends of the conductor 7, attached to the springs o¹, and the segments. The
circuit continues from the contact spring o¹8; by the conductor 7, segment s7; brush,
arm, hubs, springs, and the conductor to the point w, and by switch W,
conductor 9 to the coil of the relay D, through the same and conductor 10; to the
coil of relay D, in fig. 13 and by the conductor 9, switch W, point w³, and conductor 3,
to the contacts and t, thence by the conductor 2, to earth at A. The circuit being
interrupted at the anvil bar o¹, the tongues of the relays D, are against their back
stops d³, and the circuits of the local batteries B₁, are completed from the positive
electrodes of the batteries B', through the conductors 11 relay tongues d, back
stops do, conductors 12, to one of the coils of the electro-magnets P², conductors 19,
coils of electro-magnets P³, connections 13, coils of electro-magnets P¹, connections 36,
coils of electro-magnets P, and by the conductors 14 and 16, to the negative electrodes
of the batteries B¹. The local circuits being thus closed, the electro-magnets in
circuit are energized by the positive current in one of the two parallel coils attracting
the polarized armature p, to the poles of say, P and P1, the pawls p', engaging in a
tooth of the scape wheels po, and arresting the type wheel shafts R, and the
correctors L, one step back of the position shown in figs. 12 and 13. The spring 1,
therefore rests on the metallic portion of the discs P. If the key o³, be released the
main line circuit just described will be closed by the spring of, impinging on the
anvil bar o. The relays D, will be energized attracting their armatures d'; and
the local circuits will be closed from the positive electrodes of the batteries B₁, in a
manner as already described, through the relay tongues d, thence through the front
stops d, conductors 17, springs, sleeves, discs, springs 1, (still resting on the
metallic discs,) conductors 18, the other parallel coils of the electro-magnets P³,
connections 35, parallel coils of the electro-magnets P2, connections 20, parallel coils
of P, connections 51, parallel coils P¹, and by the conductors 21, 15 and 16, to the
negative poles of the batteries B'. The electro magnets P, P1, P2 and P'; in circuit
being energized by a positive current through the second parallel coils now in circuit
(the first coil being in the circuits interrupted at the back stops d) the confronting
poles are thereby reversed and the polarized armatures p, are attracted to the poles

page_text: of the electro-magnets P2 and P3, releasing the pallets p*, and causing the pallets p³,
to engage in the next adjacent tooth of the scape-wheels p, thus permitting the type
wheel shafts R, to advance one thirty second of a revolution by the action of the
coiled spring. The brush 3, of the transmitter will now rest on the second
segments, still in connection by the conductor 7, in a closed circuit of the main line
as previously described and the relay tongues d, still remain in contact with their
front stops d, but the local circuits of the batteries B¹, are now reversed by the
correctors L, the circuit being from the front stops d', through the conductors 17,
springs 18, sleeves l', contacts 1º, of the discs 18, (springs, and conductors 18, being
cut out of circuit by the insulating spaces 18,) springs 10, conductors 22, to a junction
with the conductors 12; the circuit of which is now interrupted at the back stops d³,
thence by a portion of the conductors 12, to the electro-magnets P³, thence through the
coils of the electro-magnets P³, P1 and P, and connections 19, 13 and 36, and by the
conductors 14 and 16, to the batteries B. The polarized armatures p, are again
attracted to the poles of the electro-magnets P and P1, and the type wheel shafts R,
move another thirty second of a revolution, throwing the brush s³, on the third
segment marked s', which being in a closed circuit the relay tongues d, still remain
against the front stops d', but the correctors L, having moved one division, the last
described local circuit is closed through the front stops d', conductors 17, springs 18,
sleeves, metallic discs P, springs 1°, and conductors 18, &c., as previously described,
and the polarized armatures are again attracted to the poles of electro-magnets P
and P releasing the pawls pt, and the type wheel shafts R, and the brush s³, of the
transmitter advances another step as before mentioned, which throws the brush s³, on
an open circuit segments, of the sunflower S, and since all remaining segments are
alternately open and closed circuit contacts, the type wheel shafts R, solicited by the
springs, will continue to revolve step by step, as the scape-wheels p³, are released
by the vibration of the polarized armatures p, until arrested by the connection of two
consecutive open or closed circuit segments of the sunflower S, produced by the
depression of a key o¹ or o.
In the first two positions of the correctors L, herein before described while the
brush, was on two consecutive segments 57, 57, and the currents were prolonged
through the front-stops d', of the relays D, the branch circuits of the batteries B',
were completed from the sleeves 1, through the contacts I, on the discs 1, springs (11
conductors 23, the coils of electro magnets Q, conductors 24, 15 and 16, to the negative
electrodes of the batteries B¹, and the electro-magnets Q, were energized by a
pulsation, in duration equal to two pulsations through the electro-magnets P, P1, P2
and P³, attracting. their armatures 9, and withdrawing their arms 9, clear of
the unison arms, without checking the type wheels. Since such prolonged
pulsations in the circuit of the electro-magnets Q, in a receiver can occur, only when
the brush, is passing the first two segments s7, in a transmitter, it is evident that
if the type wheels R₁ and R³, of the instruments are not in unison, the unison arm of
the receiver will be arrested at the unison position until the brush, of the
transmitter passes over the second segment s', when an impulse of double the duration
will, simultaneously, release the unison arms q, of both transmitter and receiver, and
the type wheels R and R2, of both instruments will again revolve in unison.
Continuous rotation of the type wheels R¹ and R2, is maintained during the
continuation of the impulses over the main line as already described by the force
of the springs 8, which are wound by the electro motors C. The motors C, are
in the circuits of the batteries B¹, in both transmitter and receivers or they may
be, if so desired, in the circuits of independent batteries. The circuits originating
at the positive electrodes of the batteries B¹, are by conductors 25 to one of the field
magnet coils thence to the opposite field magnet coils thence by the conductors 26,
to the brushes c³, through the coils of the armatures c¹, to the brushes c³, thence
by the conductors 27, to the springs 18, (fig. 4,) through the springs 18, and the
insulated metallic discs 0, springs, and by the conductors 52 and 16, to the
negative electrodes of the batteries B¹. When the springs ³, are wound up to

page_text: a certain tension the inclined surface of the cams 18, lift the pins 1, made of
insulating material raising the springs v², out of contact with the metallic discs 20,
and the circuit just described being thereby temporarily interrupted the motors C, are
stopped or otherwise they may be arrested by the geneva-stop pinion ¹³, locking
in the stop wheels v10.
The line circuits of the batteries B, and also the local circuits of the batteries B',
which operate the motors C, and the escapement and unison electro-magnets P,P1, P2, P
and Q, act in the manner already described to control the type wheels R¹ and R².
In the operations of printing, of moving the type wheels and of feeding and releasing
the paper carriages, the circuits from the auxiliary batteries B³, may be employed.
The circuits through the dotted conductors 46, 47, 48 and 32 are in this case
to be considered as disconnected or inoperative. When any character key o, is
depressed a segments, following a closed circuit segment s', will be placed in a closed
circuit through the conductor 6, and when the brush s, is in contact with this
segment the tongues of the relays D, will be held against their front stops, the
consecutive order of makes and breaks over the line having been interrupted by
closing the circuit at the anvil bar o", and the spring o", by the open circuit key o.
The type wheels R¹ and R³, will therefore be arrested with a character corresponding
with the character on the particular key o, which has depressed and facing the paper T³,
directly opposite the printing hammers 9. When any character on the type wheels
or the blank space thereon for spacing between words is presented to the printing
haminers the directors M, are in such relative angular position that the circuits from
the batteries B, which are permanently in closed circuits from the positive electrodes
through the conductors 28 and 45, to the springs m¹0, sleeves m³, (figs. 12, 13, 7
and 7,) and conductors 28 and 33, to the springs m"; and the sleeves m³, will
be completed from the sleeves m¹ and me, through the springs m", or springs m¹,
according as the printing contacts m³, on the discs m² or the printing contacts m,
on the discs m', are under these springs in both the transmitter and receivers.
2
In fig. 7, contact me, falls under a spring m", and, the circuit continues from
the sleeves m', dises m³, contacts m, springs m¹, conductors 29, coils of the electro-
magnets F, conductors 30, coils of the electro-magnets G, in both instruments and
to the negative electrodes of the batteries B³, by the conductors 31, 32, and the
electro-magnets F, consequently attract their armatures f, causing the pawls
to engage in the next adjacent tooth respectively of the racks f, while the counter-pawls
are, by the action of the links f", thrown out of contact with the counter-racks
of both transmitter and receiver. The electro-magnets G, being energized attract
their armatures g¹, and the extremities of their levers g, consequently strike the
stems 96, forcing the printing hammers 9", against the paper T, and effecting
thereon simultaneous impressions of the character presented. When the open circuit
key o, is released the circuit through the segment and brush is interrupted at
an anvil bar o, and spring o¹, and the relay tongues d, fall against their back
stops do, permitting motion of the scape-wheels p, and the directors M, consequently
interrupt at the contacts m8, the circuits just described through the electro-
magnets F and G. The armatures g', are therefore withdrawn by their retracting
springs, and the printing hammers g12, are withdrawn by the helical springs 918,
encircling the stems 9°. The armatures f', are withdrawn by the retracting
springs, attached to the levers f, which by their pawls f, engaging in the racks,
move the paper carriages to space simultaneously between two letters while the
counter-pawls, engaging in the counter-racks f, limit the movement of the paper
carriages. The type wheels R¹ and R2, continue to revolve and the contacts m³8 and
m5, being short the momentary closing of the circuits through the electro-
magnets F and G, is not of sufficient duration to energize these electro-magnets
so as to attract their armatures. If a key o¹ is depressed a segments, connected to an
open circuit spring o¹, will be succeeded by a segments, the circuit to which, through
the conductor 7, will be interrupted at the anvil bar o, and spring o", and the relay
tongues d, remaining against their back-stops d', the brush s³, will be arrested

page_text: over the segment s', in connection by a conductor with the particular key o'
depressed.
The relay tongues being thus arrested on their back-stops d', a character on the
type wheels corresponding with the key o¹, depressed will be presented to the printing
hammers g, as herein before described, but the local circuits of the batteries B', will
now pass from the directors M, by the sleeves m³, contacts m, on the discs m³,
springs me, conductors 34 to the electro-magnets F, and by the conductors 30 to the
electro-magnets G, thence as previously described to the negative electrodes of the
batteries B, while the springs m", will rest on insulating spaces m", on the discs m³,
thus interrupting the circuits through the springs m", and the conductors 29.
Another impression will consequently be made and upon releasing the key o¹, the
circuit of the main line will be closed through the spring o¹, and anvil bar o", and
the type wheels will again be rotated as hereinbefore mentioned.
'
To elevate the type wheels as shown in the position indicated in fig. 2, the key o³,
which is an open circuit key, is depressed closing the circuit at the anvil bar
by the springs o", the type wheels are arrested with the blank spaces on both the
type wheels R and R³, opposite the paper T, and the local circuits of the batteries B³,
are closed by the directors M, from the sleeves m³, through the discs m³, contacts m11,
springs m, conductors 37, and the coils of the electro-magnets H, thence by the
conductors 38 and 32, to the negative electrodes of the batteries B³, while all the
springs m, m, m14, m1, and me, bear on insulating material on the peripheries
of their respective discs. The electro-magnets H, will alone be energized attracting
their armatures h³, and elevating vertically the bars h*, which rocks the shafts h¹º, by
means of the levers h', elevating the extremities of the levers h³, which control
the movement of the rods r, carrying the forked-arms, provided with pins 3,
which engage in the grooves r¹, of the sleeves r, carrying the type wheels R¹ and R2.
The ink rollers 78, are carried on the arms, supported by the collars, on the
rods, and consequently the ink rollers, move in a vertical direction with the
type wheels.
Upon releasing the key the type wheels R', revolve in position to give
impressions and the springs 13, 14, 18 and 16, prevent impressions being made
by the type wheels R'. To lower the type wheels so that impressions may be taken
from R, the key o³, which is a closed circuit key is pressed breaking the circuit
at the anvil bar o, and spring o¹, of a closed circuit key. The type wheels are
arrested with another blank space corresponding to the key o³, facing the paper Tº,
and the circuits of the local batteries B2, are completed through the directors M,
by the contacts m, through the springs m, conductors 39, coils of the electro-
magnets H¹, conductors 40 and 32, to the negative electrodes of the batteries B²,
energizing the electro-magnets H', and thereby attracting their armatures h¹, which
draw down the bars h, and lower the type wheels and ink rollers so that the
type wheels R¹, will be in the same horizontal planes as the printing hammers g¹³.
Releasing the key o³, causes the type wheels to continue to revolve until stopped
by the depression of another key.
To space between lines at any point in the excursion of the paper carriage the
key o, is pressed, whereupon the type wheels are arrested with a corresponding space
presented to the paper T, and the local circuits of the batteries B', are closed through
the directors M, contacts m", on the discs m³, springs m 13, conductors 41, coils of the
electro-magnets 1, conductors 42 and 32, to the negative electrodes of the batteries B³,
in the transmitters and receivers thereby energizing the electro-magnets I, which
attract their armatures i, revolving the bent-levers, on their trunnions, and
causing the hook-pawls , to revolve the ratchet-wheels, one notch. The ratchet-
wheels i, are secured to the shafts, which carry spur-wheels i, engaging in flanged
pinions, moving loosely in a longitudinal direction on the angular shafts I', which
carry on their extremities short feed-rollers I and I, pressing against the under side
of the paper Ts, while the rollers I and I°, bear on the paper over the rollers I* and I*,
and are drawn downwards by the springs i¹, and therefore, it follows that the rotation

page_text: of the ratchet-wheels, the space of one notch in each will by proper proportion of
the gear-wheels and feed rollers cause the paper to be fed upwards the desired
space between two lines. When the key o¹, is released the circuits through the
electro-maguets I, are interrupted by the movement of the directors M, the
retracting springs, withdraw the armatures i, throwing forward the bent-levers 2³,
and causing the hook-pawls i, held in contact with the ratchet-wheels ³, by their
springs, to engage in another tooth in each of the ratchet wheels.
To release the pawls, and dogs f¹³, from the racks f³, and the counter-pawls ƒ",
from the racks, the key o³, must be depressed. Corresponding with this key there
is a blank on the type wheels R' and R', and when they are arrested with the
blank opposite the printing hammers 912, the circuits of the local batteries B², are
closed by the directors M, through the contacts m, on the discs m³, springs m
m14,
conductors 43, the coil of the electro-magnets J, and conductors 44 and 32, to the negative
electrodes of the batteries B³. The electro-magnets J, are thereby energized attracting
their armatures j, attached to the lever j', drawing forward the bars, and causing
the pins and *, to release the pawls f, and dogs f¹³, from the racks f³, and the
counter-pawls, from the counter-racks, of the respective carriages. The paper
carriages thereupon are free to move backward, solicited by cords to, and weight ".
When the hanging-pawls t, strike the bent-levers t", the main line circuit is
interrupted between the contacts 16 and 12, of a receiver and the type wheels of the
respective instruments make one revolution as herein before described, thereby
signalling the completion of the retrograde movement of the respective paper
carriages.
'
In the local circuits of the batteries B2, the conductors 46, 47 and 48, were excluded.
If the conductors 28, 33 and 45, from the negative electrodes of the batteries B',
figs. 12 and 13, to the springs m¹0, and m" be omitted, and the conductors 46, from
the positive electrodes of the batteries B³, be connected through the conductors 16,
to the negative electrodes of the batteries B¹, the batteries B and B¹ will be
combined; and if the positive electrodes of the batteries B¹, be connected to the
springs mo, by the conductors 47, and the springs m", by the conductors 47 and 48,
the respective circuits of the electro-magnets F, G, H, H', I and J, will be closed
whenever closed by the directors M, in parallel circuits with the circuits of the
electro-magnets P, P1, P2 and P3, and parallel with the circuits through the electro-
magnets Q, whenever their circuits are closed by the correctors L.
I do not limit myself to any specific disposition of the local batteries and circuits,
since it will be obvious to those skilled in electrical science that separate or combined
batteries may be employed with the director M, and corrector L, to produce the
desired result; nor do I limit myself to the use of three successive closed circuit
segments in a sunflower, the other segments of which are alternately connected
in open and closed circuits of the main line, as these are unnecessary and all the
segments may be alternately connected in open and closed circuits except when
employed in connection with the unison electro-magnets Q, responding to prolonged
impulses.
I contemplate using printing and ratchet electro-magnets responding to prolonged
pulsations in the same circuit with the escapement-electro-magnets without the
intervention of a circuit director.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. The combination of a line battery and circuit, a sunflower having segmental
contacts alternately in open and closed circuits with contact springs, a type wheel
shaft and motive power for rotating the same, a brush secured to and insulated from
said type wheel shaft and traversing sjid segmental contacts, a relay electro magnet
in said circuit, and its armature lever provided with double contact points, front and
back stops on which said contact points impinge, parallel coil neutral escapement
electro-magnets and a polarized armature controlled thereby, a local battery circuit,

page_text: closed by said relay alternately through the parallel coils of said electro-magnets,
in reverse direction, from the same electrode of said battery, said polarized armature
carrying pallets and a scape wheel on said type wheel shaft, controlled thereby,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
2. The combination of a line battery and circuit, a sunflower with contacts
alternately in open and closed circuits of said line, a type wheel shaft, an electro
motor for winding a coiled spring for rotating said shaft, a brush secured to and
insulated from said type wheel shaft, a double point relay with its coils in said
circuit, double neutral escapement electro-magnets wound with parallel coils and a
polarized armature controlled thereby, a local battery circuit alternately closed by
said relay through parallel coils of said escapement electro-magnets, in reverse
direction, from the same electrode of. said local battery; said polarized armature
carrying pallets controlling a scape wheel secured to said type wheel shaft,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
3. The combination of a main line battery and circuit, keys with open and closed
contact springs in the circuit of said battery, a sunflower with contacts electrically
connected alternately in open and closed circuits with said contact springs, a
brush for traversing said contacts, a type wheel shaft and motive power for
actuating said shaft, a double point relay in said main line circuit, a local battery
circuit and neutral escapement electro magnets wound with parallel coils included
therein, a polarized armature controlled thereby; said double point relay closing the
circuit through the same electrode of the local battery alternately in reverse
direction through the parallel coils of said escapement electro magnets, the polarized
armature carrying pallets, a scape wheel on said type wheel shaft controlled by
said polarized armature, printing and ratchet electro magnets with their armatures.
levers and retracting springs, said electro magnets energized respectively by the
circuit of said local battery, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
4. The combination substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a main line battery
and circuit, keys with open and closed contact springs in the circuit of said battery,
a sunflower with segmental contacts electrically connected alternately in open and
closed circuits with said contact springs, a brush traversing said contacts, a type
wheel shaft and motive power for actuating said shaft, two type wheels secured to a
sleeve on said shaft, a double point relay in said circuit, a local battery circuit,
neutral escapement electro magnets included therein, a polarized armature controlled
thereby, a circuit director on said type wheel shaft, springs bearing on the hubs and
the discs carrying insulations and contacts for closing the circuit of said battery, two
independent electro maguets in separate circuits connected with two of the discs of
said director and their hinged armatures, lever, shaft and lever arms, for raising and
lowering said type wheels.
5. The combination of a main line battery circuit, keys with open and closed
contact springs in the circuit of said battery, a sunflower with contacts electrically
connected alternately in open and closed circuits with said contact springs, a type
wheel shaft and motive power and devices for rotating the same, two type wheels
secured to a loose sleeve thereon, a double point relay in said circuit, a local battery
circuit, neutral escapement electro magnets therein, a polarized armature controlled
thereby, a circuit director secured to said type wheel shaft, springs bearing on the
hubs and respective discs of said director carrying insulations and contacts for
closing the circuits of said battery, two independent electro magnets in separate
circuits with said director, said electro magnets with their hinged lever, armature,
shaft, and lever arms, operating to shift said type wheels, and ratchet and printing
electro magnets with their armatures, levers and retracting springs, said electro
magnets energized by impulses in the circuit of said local battery, substantially as
and for the purposes set forth.
6. The combination substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a line battery circuit,
keys with open and closed contact springs in the circuit of said battery, a sunflower
with contacts electrically connected alternately in open and closed circuits with said
contact springs, a type wheel shaft and motive power for rotating the same, a

page_text: double point relay in said circuit, a local battery circuit, neutral escapement electro
magnets included therein, a polarized armature controlled thereby, a circuit director
secured to said type wheel shaft, springs bearing on the hubs and the discs carrying
insulations and contacts for closing the circuits of said battery, ratchet and printing
electro magnets with their armatures, levers and retracting springs, a feeding electro-
magnet in the local circuit closed by said director, its armature, lever, pawls, ratchet
wheel, shaft, spur-wheel and gear-wheels, a paper carriage carrying an angular
shaft with feed rollers on its extremities, a flanged pinion moving on said shaft
between said rollers and engaging in said spur-wheel, and operating to feed the
paper to space between lines at any point in the excursion of the paper carriage.
7. The combination of a line battery, keys with open and closed contact springs
in the circuit of said battery, a sunflower with contacts electrically connected
alternately in open and closed circuits with said contact springs, a type wheel shaft,
a motor for winding a coiled spring for imparting motion to said shaft, two type
wheels secured to a loose sleeve thereon, a double point relay in said line circuit, a
local battery circuit and neutral escapement electro magnets wound with parallel
coils included therein and a polarized armature, a scape wheel secured to said type
wheel shaft and controlled by said polarized armature, two independent electro
magnets and their actuating devices, electrical devices, for closing the circuits,
ratchet and printing electro magnets included in a local circuit and their actuating-
devices, a feeding electro magnet and its actuating-devices, a paper carriage carrying
an angular shaft with feed rollers on its extremities, a flanged pinion moving on said
shaft, between said rollers and engaging in a spur-wheel, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
8. The combination substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a line battery circuit,
keys with open and closed contact springs in the circuit of said battery, a sunflower
with contacts electrically connected alternately in open and closed circuits with said
contact springs, a type wheel shaft, motive power for winding a coiled spring for
rotating said shaft, a double point relay in said circuit, a local battery circuit and
neutral escapement electro magnets wound with parallel coils therein, a polarized
armature, ratchet and printing electro magnets included in the local circuit, a
feeding electro magnet and its actuating-devices, electrical devices for closing the
circuits through said electro magnets, a paper carriage carrying an angular shaft
with feed rollers on its extremities, a flanged pinion moving on said shaft between
said rollers and engaging in a spur-wheel, a rack and counter-rack, and a releasing
electro-magnet with its actuating-devices, operating to release the paper carriage at
any point in its excursion.
9. The combination of a line battery circuit, keys with open and closed contact
springs in the circuit of said battery, a sunflower, a type wheel shaft, motive power
for rotating the same, two type wheels on a loose sleeve thereon, a double point relay
in said line circuit, a local battery circuit and neutral escapement electro magnets
wound with parallel coils therein, and a polarized armature, a scape wheel on said
shaft, two independent electro magnets and their actuating-devices, electrical devices
for closing the circuit through said electro-magnets, ratchet and printing electro
magnets in a local circuit, a feeding electro-magnet, a paper carriage carrying an
angular shaft with feed rollers on its extremities, a flanged pinion moving on said
shaft between said rollers and engaging in said spur-wheel, a rack and counter-rack,
and a releasing electro-magnet in the same circuit, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
10. The combination substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a type wheel shaft,
suitable motive power for actuating the same, means for arresting said type wheel
shaft, double type wheels secured to a loose sleeve thereon, a battery circuit and two
independent electro-magnets included therein, their actuating-devices, for shifting the
sleeve, and electrical devices for closing the circuit through said electro magnets, to
raise and lower the type wheels.

page_text: 11. In combination with a double point relay in a main battery circuit, and
electrical devices for sending impulses through said circuit. neutral escapement
electro-magnets wound with parallel coils in a local circuit and a polarized armature
controlled thereby, of a type wheel shaft, a power for rotating the same, doublo
type wheels on a loose sleeve thereon, a local battery circuit, two independent electro
magnets, printing and ratchet electro magnets in said local circuit and electrical
devices operated by the type wheel shaft for directing the circuits through said
electro magnets, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
12. In combination with a type wheel shaft, motive power for actuating the same,
a circuit director thereon, springs bearing on hubs and discs carrying insulations and
contacts, of a local battery circuit, a feeding electro magnet with its actuating-
devices, a paper carriage carrying an angular shaft and feed rollers on its extremities,
a flanged pinion moving on said shaft between the rollers and engaging in a spur-
wheel, and printing and ratchet electro magnets in said local circuit, substantially as
and for the purposes set forth.
13. The combination with a local battery circuit, and feeding and releasing electro
magnets therein, of a paper carriage carrying an angular shaft and feed rollers on its
extremities, a flanged pinion moving on said shaft between the rollers and engaging
in a spur-wheel, a rack and counter-rack, pawls, dogs and counter-pawls, printing and
ratchet electro magnets in said local circuit, a type wheel shaft and a force for
rotating the same, means, substantially as described, for arresting said shaft, and a
circuit director, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
14. The combination with a circuit director, a type wheel shaft, a force for
impelling it, a double point relay, a main line battery circuit, a local battery circuit
and neutral escapement electro magnets wound with parallel coils therein and a
polarized armature controlled theroby, circuit keys and a sunflower, of printing and
ratchet electro magnets, a paper carriage carrying an angular shaft and feed rollers
on its extremities, a flanged pinion moving on said shaft between the rollers and
engaging in a spur-wheel, a rack and counter-rack, and feeding and releasing
electro magnets in said local circuit, substantially as and for the purposes set
forth.
15. The combination with a circuit corrector, a type wheel shaft, motive power for
actuating same, a line battery circuit, a double point relay in said circuit, a local
battery circuit and neutral escapement electro magnets wound with parallel coils
therein, a polarized armature controlled thereby, circuit keys and a sunflower, of a
unison electro magnet and its actuating-devices, substantially as and for the purposes
set forth.
16. In combination with a line battery circuit, keys with open and closed contact
springs in the circuit of said battery, a sunflower with three successive contacts
connected to closed circuit springs, an insulated brush on the type wheel shaft
connected with said line and traversing said insulated contacts, causing a prolonged
closed circuit in the line once in each revolution of the type wheel, of a double point
relay included in said line responding to makes and breaks of circuit, a local
battery circuit, neutral escapement electro-magnets with parallel coils in a local
battery circuit, a polarized armature, a unison electro magnet with its armature,
lever and stop and circuit correcting devices, substantially as and for the purposes
set forth.
17. In combination with a line battery circuit, keys with open and closed contact
springs in the circuit of said battery, a sunflower, substantially as described, with
three successive segments connected to closed circuit springs and an insulated
contact brush, of a double point relay in said line, a type wheel shaft, a force for
rotating the same, a local battery circuit, neutral escapement electro magnets therein,
and a polarized armature, circuit directing and correcting devices secured to said
shaft, and a unison electro magnet with its actuating-devices, substantially as and for
the purposes set forth.

page_text: 18. In combination with a line battery circuit, a sunflower and circuit keys,
substantially as described, an insulated brush traversing said sunflower segments, a
type wheel shaft and means for actuating the same, and circuit directing and
correcting devices secured thereon, of a double point relay in said line circuit, a local
battery circuit and neutral escapement electro magnets therein, a polarized armature,
a scape wheel secured to said shaft, printing and ratchet electro magnets in said
local circuit, and a unison electro magnet, substantially as and for the purposes set
forth..
19. In combination with a line battery circuit, a sunflower and circuit keys
arranged and operating substantially as described, an insulated brush traversing the
segments of the sunflower, a type wheel shaft and a motor for actuating a coiled
spring for rotating said shaft, means for arresting the same, circuit directing and
correcting devices secured to said shaft, a double point relay in the line circuit,
neutral escapeinent electro magnets wound with parallel coils, in a local battery
circuit, a polarized armature, ratchet and printing electro-magnets in said line
circuit, and their actuating-devices, a paper carriage and means, substantially such as
described, for actuating the same, feeding and releasing electro magnets with their
actuating-devices, and a unison electro magnet with its armature, lever, retracting
spring and stop, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
20. In combination with a line battery circuit, a sunflower and circuit keys
arranged and operating substantially as described, an insulated brush, a type wheel
shaft, motive power for actuating the same, means for arresting said shaft, two type
wheels on a loose sleeve thereon and circuit directing and correcting devices secured
to said shaft, of a double point relay in said line circuit, a local battery circuit and
neutral escapement electro magnets therein, a polarized armature controlled thereby,
a scape wheel on the type wheel shaft, a unison electro-magnet in said local circuit,
and its actuating-devices, two independent electro magnets in the same circuit, and
their actuating-devices, printing and ratchet electro magnets, feeding and releasing
electro magnets, and a paper carriage and means, for advancing and for releasing the
same, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
21. The combination of a type wheel shaft, a loose sleeve thereon, two type wheels
secured to said sleeve, a vertical sliding bar, a bifurcated arm secured to said
sliding bar and engaging in said sleeve, means for elevating said bar and sleeve,
collars on said sliding bar, a horizontal lever loosely pivoted to said bar between said
collars and carrying an ink roller, a spring pressing against said horizontal lever
and a stop for limiting its movement, substantially as and for the purposes set
forth.
22. The combination of the top plate, the vertical stud pins, studs and the adjustable
sleeves, and the double springs attached respectively thereto, substantially as and
for the purposes set forth.
23. The combination with a type wheel shaft, a sleeve thereon, type wheels
secured thereto, and means for shifting the same, of a top plate, stud pins and
studs, sleeves adjustable thereon, springs attached thereto and so arranged as to
vibrate above or below and between said type wheels, a paper carriage for:
presenting a sheet of paper thereto, a printing electro magnet with its actuating
devices and a hammer operated thereby, substantially as and for the purposes set
forth.
24. In a page printing telegraph, the combination of a shaft, double type wheels
secured to a sleeve movable on said shaft, a vertical shifting rod carrying a rigid arm
engaging in said sleeve, a pivoted arm supported by said sliding rod and carrying an
ink roller, a spring bearing against said sliding rod, means substantially as described,
for shifting by a positive simultaneous movement without the aid of friction said ink
roller and type wheels, whereby said type wheels are alternately brought into the same.
plane with the printing hammer and printing springs, for permitting impressions being
recorded from either type wheel in the same continuous line.

page_text: 25. The combination substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a type wheel shaft
and means for limiting the step by step movement thereof, a drum with a spur-wheel
secured thereto, a pinion on the type wheel shaft, a drum shaft and a coiled spring
interposed between said drum and its shaft, a local battery circuit, an electro motor
included therein, operating continuously or intermittently to wind said spring, a ratchet
on the shaft of said drum and a pawl to prevent its retrograde movement.
26. The combination with a geneva stop substantially as shown and described, of a
type wheel shaft, and means for limiting its step by step movement, a pinion on the
type wheel shaft, a drum and a spur-wheel secured thereto, a drum shaft and a spring
interposed between the drum and its shaft, a local battery circuit, an electro motor,
intermediary gearing, a ratchet on said shaft, and a pawl to prevent its retrograde
movement.
27. The combination with a type wheel shaft and means for limiting the step by
step movement thereof, a pinion on said type wheel shaft, a drum and a spur-wheel
secured thereto, a drum shaft and a coiled spring interposed between said drum and
its shaft, a local battery circuit, an electro motor in said circuit, a ratchet on said
shaft and a pawl to prevent its retrograde movement, of a geneva stop actuated by
said drum shaft, an insulated metallic disc on said shaft, circuit springs bearing on
said disc, a pin of insulating material moving freely therein beneath one of said
springs, a stop and a cam secured thereto, substantially as and for the purposes set
forth.
28. The combination with a local battery circuit, a drum and a motor for constantly
or periodically winding a spring within said drum, a type-wheel shaft, neutral escape-
ment electro-magnets wound with parallel coils in said local circuit, a polarized
armature controlled thereby, a line battery circuit and a double-point relay responding
to impulses in said line circuit produced automatically through circuit interrupting
devices operating through the movement of said shaft, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
29. The combination with a type wheel shaft and type wheels on a loose sleeve
thereon, two independent electro magnets and their actuating-devices, for shifting the
same, means, substantially as described, for holding the ink roller and shifting it with
the type wheels stud pins secured to the top plate, sleeves adjusted thereto, springs
between and above or below the type wheels secured to said sleeves, substantially as
and for the purposes set forth.
30. The combination with a type wheel shaft, two type wheels secured to a loose
sleeve thereon, a local battery circuit, two independent electro-magnets with their
actuating-devices for shifting the type wheels, means, substantially as described, for
holding the ink roller and shifting it with the type wheels, studs and stud pins secured
to the top plate upon which adjustable sleeves are supported and springs attached to
said sleeves, of circuit interrupting devices secured to said shaft, a battery circuit, a
double point relay, circuit keys and a sunflower, substantially as described, electro
magnets wound with parallel coils, a polarized armature controlled thereby, and a
printing electro magnet and its actuating-devices, substantially as and for the purposes
set forth.
31. The combination of type wheel electro-magnets and a unison electro magnet
in separate local circuits of the same battery, the type wheel electro magnets but not
the unison electro magnet being responsive to short impulses to effect regular con-
tinuous rotation of the type wheels, the unison electro magnet being responsive only
to prolonged pulsations for releasing the unison arm, means substantially such as
described, for transmitting short and long impulses of the line battery, a double point
relay in said line, and means, substantially such as described, for dividing the impulses
in the local circuit during the prolongation of the impulses in the line circuit and
directing the circuits so that impulses of normal duration will energize the alternate
coils of said type wheel magnets while prolonged impulses of twice the duration
energize the unison magnet, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

page_text: 32. The combination with a paper carriage consisting of a curved plate having side
bars attached thereto carrying feed rollers, pressure rollers, paper roller, rack and wheels,
of rails secured to the rear of the instrument over which said wheels travel, means
substantially as described for actuating said carriage, a printing electro magnet and a
hammer actuated thereby supported upon a bracket secured to the instrument, a shaft
with double type wheels on a loose sleeve thereon, an ink roller supported upon a
swinging arm, and means, for shifting said ink roller and type wheels simultaneously,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
33. The combination in an automatic signalling device, of a single line circuit, a
double point relay in said circuit, escapement electro magnets in local circuits con-
trolled by said relay, a sunflower in the transmitter, a releasing key, a paper carriage
and means, substantially as described, for closing the line circuit and releasing the
paper carriages of the transmitter and receiver, and a circuit interrupting device
attached to the receiver and actuated by the recoil movement of its paper carriage,
interrupting the line circuit and permitting rotation of the type wheels while said
releasing key is depressed, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
34. The combination substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a line battery circuit,
keys with open and closed circuit springs and a short circuiting key, in the circuit of
said battery, a sunflower, substantially as described, a type wheel shaft and means for
rotating the same, a double point relay in said circuit, a local battery circuit, neutral
escapement electro magnets included therein, a polarized armature controlled thereby,
a scape wheel on said shaft controlled by said polarized armature, insulated contact
points, a circuit interrupting lever and spring attached to the instrument, a paper
carriage, means substantially as described for actuating said carriage, a pawl attached
thereto for actuating said lever and operating to break the main line circuit by the
recoil movement of said paper carriage.
35. The combination, of a battery and two conductors connecting the poles thereof,
a pulsator in the respective circuits, two neutral U-electro-magnets so arranged that
their poles confront each other and with their two separate coils so connected to one
another and in the respective circuits that the currents of the saine polarity traverse
said coils alternately in reverse directions around the cores of said electro magnets,
and a permanently polarized armature pivoted between said poles and vibrated in
response to such pulsations, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
36. The combination in a circuit interrupting device, of type wheel shaft, hubs
secured thereto, an insulating sleeve supported thereby, a metallic sleeve secured to
said insulated sleeve, metallic discs and intermediate insulating discs secured thereto,
and insulated contact springs bearing on said device, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
37. The combination with a transversely travelling paper carriage, of a. ratchet
electro-magnet, with its armature, lever, and retracting spring, a pawl pivoted thereto,
a stud and a counter-pawl pivoted to the same, a link connecting said counter-paw!
with said lever, a stud and a dog pivoted to said stud, and a rack and counter-rack
secured to the paper carriage, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
38. The combination with a transversely travelling paper carriage of a releasing
electro-magnet with its armature, lever and retracting spring, a bar pivoted to said
lever, pins therein, pawl, dog, counter-pawl, rack and counter-rack all arranged and
operating substantially as described.
39. The combination with a transversely travelling paper carriage, a ratchet electro-
magnet with its armature, lever and retracting spring, a pawl pivoted thereto, a stud
and a counter-pawl pivoted to the same, a stud and a dog pivoted to said stud, a rack
and counter-rack secured to said carriage, of a releasing electro-magnet with its
armature, lever and retracting spring, a bar pivoted to said lever, and pins attached
thereto, in rear of said pawls and dogs, substantially as and for the purposes
set forth.
40. The combination of a bracket secured to the rear of the instrument, a printing
magnet supported thereby, its armature, lever, retracting spring and adjusting screw,

page_text: a sleeve secured to said bracket, a printing hammer on a stem moving freely within
said sleeve and in contact with said armature-lever, and a helical spring surrounding
said stem, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
41. The combination in a printing telegraph instrument, of an independent frame
supported on a base plate, a hollow cylinder supported on said frame, a sunflower
supported in said cylinder and a bed plate with an aperture therein for admitting said
cylinder, all arranged so that the bed plate can be removed without disturbing said
sunflower and the conductors leading therefrom to the contact springs of the trans-
mitting keys, substantially as described.
42. The combination substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a bed plate carrying
the electro-magnets and actuating devices, removable posts secured to said bed plate,
removable corner posts, a top plate secured to said posts, bevel glass sides secured
between the bed and top plates and posts, and so arranged that by the removal of the
corner posts the glass may be removed without disturbing the operative devices giving
ready access for adjustment, substantially as described.
43. The combination of a battery, two branch lines from one electrode thereof,
neutral escapement electro-magnets in said circuit, electrical devices for closing the
circuits alternately in reverse direction through the coils of said electro-magnets, a
polarized armature controlled thereby, a type wheel shaft controlled by said armature,
a circuit director on said shaft, and printing electro-magnets included in parallel circuit
with the escapement electro-magnets by means of said director, substantially as and
for the purposes sot forth.
44. The combination with a battery, two branch lines from one electrode thereof,
two electro-magnets wound with parallel coils in said circuit, electrical devices for
closing the circuits alternately in reverse direction through the coils of said electro-
magnets, a polarized armature controlled thereby, a type wheel shaft controlled by
said armature, a director on said shaft, a ratchet electro-magnet included in parallel
circuit with said electro-magnets by means of said director, of a paper carriage and
means operated by said ratchet electro-magnet for actuating the same, substantially
as and for the purposes set forth.
45. The combination with a battery, two branch lines from one electrode thereof,
neutral escapement electro-magnets in said circuit, electrical devices substantially as
described for closing the circuits alternately in reverse direction through the coils of
said electro-magnets, a polarized armature, a type wheel shaft and a circuit director
on said shaft, of a paper carriage, its feed rollers and electro-magnet with its actuating
devices, said feeding electro-magnet included in parallel circuits with said escapement
electro-magnets by means of said director, substantially as and for the purposes
set forth.
46. The combination with a battery, two branch lines from one electrode thereof,
neutral escapement electro-magnets in said circuit, electrical devices for closing the
circuit alternately in reverso direction through the coils of said electro-magnets, a
polarized armature, a type wheel shaft, and a circuit director on said shaft of a paper
carriage, a rack and counter-rack and a releasing electro-magnet with its actuating-
devices; said electro-magnet being included in parallel circuit with said escapement
electro-magnets by means of said director, substantially as and for the purposes
set forth.
47. The combination with a battery, two branch lines from one electrode thereof,
neutral escapement electro-magnets in said circuit, electrical devices for closing the
circuit alternately in reverse direction through the coils of said electro-magnets, a
polarized armature, a type wheel shaft and two type wheels on a loose sleeve thereon,
and a circuit directing device secured to the type wheel shaft, of two independent
electro-magnets with their actuating-devices for shifting the type wheels; said
electro-magnets being included in parallel circuit with said neutral escapement electro-
magnets by means of said circuit directing device, substantially as and for the purposes
set forth.
48. The combination of a battery, two branch lines from one electrode thereof,

page_text: neutral escapement electro-magnets in said circuit, electrical devices for closing the
circuit alternately in reverse direction through the coils of said neutral escapement
electro-magnets, a polarized armature, a type wheel shaft, a circuit correcting device
and unison arm thereon, and a unison electro magnet with its actuating-devices; said
unison electro-magnet being included in parallel circuit with the neutral escapement
electro-magnets by means of said correcting device and responding to pulsations of
twice the duration of those employed to actuate the neutral escapement electro-magnets,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
In Witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 12th day of March,
AD 1887