Process for Making New Type in Galley Form Assume the Appearance of Old Type.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Nov., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 28th Aug., 1896-Accepted, 3rd Oct., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Process for Making New Type in Galley Form Assume the
Appearance of Old Type.
We, THE LINOTYPE COMPANY LIMITED, Sole Licensors, Manufacturers
and Vendors under the " Linotype" Patents, and ERNEST GIROD, Engineer,
both of No. 6 Serjeants' Inn Fleet Street, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
It is well known in the trade, that correcting new type in galley form, is
more difficult than correcting old type for the reason that, as the former has not
become discoloured by repeated washing and continuous exposure, there is no
dull background capable of, by contrast, of shewing up the comparatively bright
face.
The present invention is particularly applicable to linotypes for the reason that
as these are always melted down after their first use in the printing machine, they
never acquire the appearance of old type.
It consists in a process for making new type in galley form, assume the
appearance of old type and includes special chemical or other agencies adapted to
change or to colour the skin of the type, and mechanical devices for applying the
agency or any of them in question, and for immediately removing the result of
such application from the face of the type.
The mixture which we propose to use for the purpose of dulling the skin
of the type, consists of Russian tallow, oil, black lead and permanganate of
potash.
These ingredients are mixed in suitable quantities and reduced to an even
consistence, say that of paint. We do not limit ourselves to the relative proportions
of the ingredients in question, nor to the use of them all in the dulling mixture.
Either may be replaced by a functional equivalent.
The mechanical device above mentioned, consists of a frame or standards in
which are mounted a pair of horizontal rollers or sets of rollers. The function of
one of these rollers or sets-the first in order of operation-is to apply the mixture
to the entire surface of the forme: that of the second, is to clear the faces of every
character in the forme. The rollers are driven in any convenient way. Suitable
arrangements are made for supplying the mixture to the applying portion of the
device, and for clearing the face cleaning portion. The device is supported at a
suitable height above a surface or guide over or along which, the galley is to be
pushed so as to bring its top surface within reach of the applying portion; and the
faces of its characters within that of the cleaning portion.
The rollers above mentioned may be of any suitable construction or material,
those of each being adapted to its particular work.
Dated this 28th day of November 1895.
PHILLIPS & LEIGH,
Agents for the Applicants.

page_text: Process for Making New Type in Galley Form Assume the
Appearance of Old Type.
We, THE LINOTYPE COMPANY, LIMITED, Sole Proprietors of, and Manu-
facturers, Vendors and Licensors under, the "Linotype" Patents, and ERNEST
GIROD, Engineer, both formerly of No. 6 Serjeants' Inn, Fleet Street, but now of
No. 188 Fleet Street, both in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :--
The present invention consists in a process for making new type in galley form,
assume the appearance of old type.
The actual printing face of new type is no brighter than are the tops of the type
bodies or the bottoms of the cups in the letters,--the latter, both tops and cups, are
as bright as the face. Consequently the reflections from the said tops and bottoms
considerably diminish the legibility of the matter in galley form. But the
repeated washing with lye and the constant exposure of the type to the atmo-
sphere, quickly darken the skin of it and would darken the actual printing face to
the same colour, if it were not that the constant friction of printing and washing,
prevents the darkening process and keeps the said face clean and nearly bright.
Thus the printing face of old type always wears the colour of type metal, and
presents it above a near background that is almost black. Consequently, a face so
circumstanced is much more easy to read than that of new type.
Now, linotypes do not get old in the printing office. They are used in the pro-
duction of the printed matter for which they were cast, once, and then melted down.
So that when they stand in galley form, for the first and only time in their
existence, they are bright as new all over, and for the reason explained above,
about half as legible as old type.
It is a matter of common knowledge in the printing trade, that there is always
more or less "reading" to be done before the contents of the galley are locked up.
For instance, newspaper advertisements require to be classified, according to their
subject matter. They must be read to ascertain to which class they belong.
Linotypes with blunders in them must be removed to make room for the sub-
stitutes, and before those with the blunder in them can be identified, they must be
read. As soon as the use of linotypes began, the hindrance to the reading above
mentioned caused by their being as bright as new was quickly felt. It is the
object of the present invention to prevent such hindrance. The invention there-
fore provides a means whereby linotypes in galley form can be made to assume
the appearance of old type. Galleys of new separable type may be subjected to it,
it is true, and if they are, such type will forthwith assume the appearance of old
type, but the desirability of applying the invention to new separable type is
rendered practically nil by the certainty that the latter will age forthwith. It is
the inevitable brand newness of each galley full of linotypes that has created both
the necessity for the present invention and the sphere for its action.
In carrying our process into effect, we prepare a mixture adapted to change the
brand new colour of the new linotypes to that of old type. Either of the following
may be used:—
(a.) Tallow, oil and blacklead:
(b.) Permanganate of potash dissolved in water or both together. The former
acts by staining the metal: the latter, by oxidising it. The respective pro-
portions of the several ingredients are adjusted accordingly. The darker the
(a.) mixture and the stronger the (b.) solution, the more rapidly will the change of

page_text: colour in the linotypes be effected. The mixture is strong enough when the skin
to which it is applied, is blackened by it quickly.
The mixture may be applied either by hand or machine or in any convenient
way. The invention does not concern itself so much with the means by which the
mixture in question is applied to the top skin of the type or linotype, as the case
may be, in the galley, as with requiring that the whole of such skin shall receive
an application of the mixture.
The next step in the process is to remove the excess of the mixture from the
skin above mentioned-that is from between the letters and words and out of the
cups of the letters-and to polish the actual printing face. Such removal of
the excess of the mixture, it must be noted, is confined strictly thereto -it must
not extend to removing the dull black colour which the mixture has imparted to
the skin. The step in question is best carried out by sliding the galley under, first,
a revolving brush adapted to effect the removal above mentioned, and then, under
a buffing wheel adapted to polish the actual printing face. The result of the step
is, that the printing face of each letter shews up polished against a dull black
background. The matter is then ready for the reading described above.
The accompanying figures illustrate a form of mechanism which we have devised
for effecting the removal and polishing described in the preceding paragraph. It
is power driven and duplicated. The object of its being duplicated is to allow of
a galley of matter wider than a brush and wheel, being treated, as to one portion
of its surface, on one side of the mechanism, and as to the other portion, on the
other side thereof.
Figure 1 is a front elevation partly in section and omitting the driving belt:
Figure 2 is a side elevation partly in section and including the driving belt,
and
Figure 3 a plan partly in section and cmitting both the driving belt and the
guards.
A is a table adapted to support the mechanism at a convenient height; and
C, C are standards in which revolve shafts D, D', in suitable bearings. E, E, are
guides fast down upon the top of the table A at right angles with the shafts D, D¹.
They serve as guides for the galley as the latter is pushed under the revolving
brushes and the buffing wheels. F, F are the revolving brushes and G, G, the
buffing wheels. Each brush and wheel is held fast to the end of the respective
shaft D for the revolving brushes and D¹ for the buffing wheels-which ends over-
hang the table for a sufficient distance to receive their respective brush or wheel,
as the case may be. The bearings d of both shafts are fitted with set screws d', d¹,
both above and below, by which the distance of the peripheries of the respective
brushes and wheels from the table A, may be adjusted; and in addition to its set
screws, each bearing of the shaft D-that of the buffing wheels-is provided with
a cushioning spring d² interposed between the bearing and the cap d³. Each
pair-brush F and wheel G-has a stationary overhanging guard H, supported
from the respective standard C by arms / projecting therefrom.
I, I' are the driving pulleys fast on their respective shafts, and J, J' are the
respective loose pulleys. K is the driving belt. It is shewn as led under the
pulleys on both shafts D' and D, then backwards over that on the latter and
upwards past a shrouded pulley L. This runs loose upon a shaft / which is
carried by a pair of standards ", " fast on the standards C, C, and serving to
make the belt grip the driving pulleys.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
1. The herein before described process of making new type in galley form, assume
the appearance of old type, consisting of first applying a mixture capable of
imparting a dark colour to the top skin of the matter in the galley and of then

page_text: removing the mixture from the said skin and polishing the actual printing face, as
set forth.
2. The machine herein before described and shewn in the accompanying drawings
for the purpose of carrying out the process d-cribed in this specification and
particularly specified in the preceding claiming clause.
Dated this 28th day of August 1896.
PHILLIPS & LEIGH,
No. 22 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicants.