IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO HAYMAKING MACHINES, WHEREBY SUCH MACHINES ARE RENDERED USEFUL FOR OTHER AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Smith and Thomas Woodhouse Ashby, of
Stamford, in the County of Lincoln, Agricultural implement Makers,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO HAYMAKING MACHINES,
WHEREBY SUCH MACHINES ARE RENDERED USEFUL FOR OTHER AGRICULTURAL
PURPOSES."
Stamford, in the County of Lincoln, Agricultural implement Makers,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO HAYMAKING MACHINES,
WHEREBY SUCH MACHINES ARE RENDERED USEFUL FOR OTHER AGRICULTURAL
PURPOSES."
Sealed the 25th January 1859, and dated the 12th August 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Smith and Thomas
Woodhouse Ashby at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 12th August 1858.
We, HENRY SMITII and THOMAS WOODHOUSE ASHBY, of Stamford, in the
County of Lincoln, Agricultural Implement Makers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO HAYMAKING
MACHINES, WHEREBY SUCH MACHINES ARE RENDERED USEFUL FOR OTHER AGRI-
CULTURAL PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention of improvements applicable to haymaking machines relates,
in the first place, to a novel or improved mode of mounting the tine cylinders
or barrels, and of constructing or arranging the parts for actuating the same.
Heretofore, the tine cylinders or barrels were actuated by an arrangement
of gearing driven by the main driving wheels which are attached to the
running wheels; and as it is necessary to drive the tines sometimes in one
direction and sometimes in the opposite direction, it became necessary to

page_text: employ additional gearing to obtain this reverse action, and contrivances were
adapted for throwing the additional wheelwork in and out of gear, when
desired.
The object of this part of the present Invention is to obtain this reverse
action, when desired, in a simpler and more convenient manner than here-
tofore;
and to this end we propose to mount the tine cylinders or barrels on a
shaft or shafts, which shall have their bearings in a rocking frame, or rocking
levers on which are mounted on suitable pins or studs the driving gear, which
consists of one or more intermediate wheels that are always in gear with the
pinion of the tine barrels or cylinders, and are capable of being thrown in and
out of gear with the driving wheel by simply causing the rocking frame or
levers to turn slightly on its centre, which is done by means of levers or
other convenient contrivances. The centre of motion of the rocking frame
or levers may be the shaft or axis of the tine barrels or cylinders, but the
driving pinions being mounted on studs on these levers, they may easily be
raised or lowered when required. When it is understood that by simply
rocking this frame or lever on its centre of motion, one or other of the inter-
mediate or driving wheels may be lifted in or out of gear, it will be evident
that the tine barrels may be caused to rotate in either direction, as may be
desired, without the necessity of shogging any additional gearing, as heretofore.
The next part of the Invention consists in applying to the teeth or tines of
haymaking machines, moveable bars, provided with sharp cutting edges, and
also short teeth or tines. These bars have holes made in them to receive the
teeth or tines of the haymaker, and they are secured thereon in any con-
venient manner, the teeth of the additional bars being placed between those of
the bars of the haymaking barrel or cylinder, so as to form rows of teeth of
the same operative length, but much closer together than the haymaking
tines. With this addition the implement may be employed either for cutting
off the tops of thistles or weeds, or for breaking clods of earth or manure,
and will therefore be a more generally useful implement than heretofore.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henry Smith and Thomas Woodhouse Ashby in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 12th February 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, HENRY
SMITH and THOMAS WOODHOUSE ASHBY, of Stamford, in the County of Lincoln,
Agricultural Implement Makers, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Henry Smith and Thomas Woodhouse Ashby, Her special license that we,
the said Henry Smith and Thomas Woodhouse Ashby, our executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Henry Smith and
Thomas Woodhouse Ashby, our executors, administrators, and assigns,"
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and law-
fully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO HAYMAKING MACHINES, WHEREBY SUCH
MACHINES ARE RENDERED USEFUL FOR OTHER AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said Henry Smith and Thomas
Woodhouse Ashby, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals,
or under the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Henry Smith and Thomas Woodhouse
Ashby, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement, reference being had to tho
Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon
(that is to say):-
This Invention relates, in the first place, to an improved mode of mounting
the tine cylinders or barrels of haymaking machines, and of arranging the
gearing for actuating the same; the chief object of this part of the present
Invention being to obtain the reverse rotary motion of the tine cylinders (when
desired) in a simpler and more convenient manner thau heretofore.
In the accompanying Drawings, Fig. 1, Sheet I., shews, in side elevation,
Fig. 2 in vertical section, and Fig. 3 in sectional plan view, so much of a
haymaking machine, with our improvements applied, as will serve to explain
our mode of mounting and driving the tine cylinders. In this arrangement
a, a, is an iron box, formed of a flanged and a flat plate bolted together, and
enclosing a spur wheel b, which is keyed to the hollow axle c of the carrying
wheel c', it being secured to the boss of that wheel by means of a squared bolt c",

page_text: which passes through the hollow axle and the boss of the wheel; this hollow
axle has its bearing in the box a; connected to the outer plate of the box a
is a swinging frame d, composed of two flat plates of metal which are jointed
together by and turn upon a stud centre e. This frame (together with its
counterpart mounted on the box at the opposite side of the implement) carries
the shaft f, on which the tine cylinders are mounted. A spur pinion g
mounted loosely on this shaft f (within the box a) gears into the spur wheel b,
on the axle of the carrying wheel; and this pinion g is locked to the hollow
axle h of one of the two tine cylinders, for the purpose of transmitting rotary
motion thereto. The same arrangement is also provided on the other side of
the machine for giving motion to the other tine cylinder. To the rocking
frame d is affixed a stud axle i, which carries a pinion k in gear with the
pinion g; this pinion k is intended to take into the teeth of the wheel b, when
the pinion g by the rocking of the frame d (as will be presently explained) is
thrown out of gear, and by transmitting motion thus indirectly to the pinion g
to give a reverse direction to the motion of that pinion, and consequently to the
tine cylinder which it drives. The outer plate of the rocking frame is provided
with a band lever d*, on which is jointed a spring lever stop l, the stop pin of
which passes through a hole in the lever d, and enters one of a series of holes
made in a projection cast on the box a; the outer plate of the box a is slotted
at the parts through which the stud axle i and the shaft f pass, in order to
allow of the movement of the rocking frame with which they are connected.
to bring the wheel g into gear with
position by the spring lever stop ?.
direction is to be given to the tine
Let it now be supposed that the haymaking machine is travelling forward
in the direction of the arrow (1), Fig. 1, and that it is desired to give rotary
motion to the tine cylinder in the direction of the arrow (2); the frame d must
be rocked by means of the hand lever d
the wheel b, and then retained in that
When, however, rotation in the reverse
cylinders, the stop of the lever is first disengaged, and the lever handle d
being depressed, the pinion k will be brought into gear with the wheel b, and
the pinion g thrown out of gear. The spring lever l is then allowed to return
to its normal position and lock the frame as before.
A modification of this arrangement for reversing the rotation of the tine
cylinders is shewn in side elevation at Fig. 4, Sheet II., and in sectional plan
view at Fig. 5. In these Figures, the shaft f, which carries the tine cylinders,
forms the fulcrum for the rocking frames d. But in order to allow of the
adjustment of the gearing on both sides of the machine, by means of one hand
lever d (which is a great convenience in working the implement), we find it
necessary, in this arrangement; to put a hollow axle f* over the shaft f, to

page_text: receive the tine. cylinders. The ends of this hollow axle we cause to lock into
the rocking frames d, by slotting the ends of the axle, as shewn at Fig. 6, and
the pinion g of each box a we mount loosely on the axle f*; these pinions g
receive rotary motion in both directions from intermediate pinions, the pinion k
transmitting motion in one direction from the wheel b, and the two pinions
m, n, imparting motion in the opposite direction, as will be readily understood
on inspecting the Drawing. The pinions 9 are locked, as in the former
arrangement, (see the section Fig. 7,) to the axles h of their respective tine
cylinders or barrels, and they will therefore impart the desired motion to those
cylinders; the contrivance for locking the rocking frame will be the same as
described in the first arrangement.
The second part of the Invention relates to the application to the teeth or
tines of haymaking machines of moveable bars provided with sharp cutting
edges, and also short teeth or tines for the purpose of extending the use
of the implement, and enabling it to cut off the tops of thistles or weeds,
and also of breaking up light clods of earth or manure. Fig. 8 shews in plan
view, and Fig. 9 in edge view, this novel attachment, as applied to a tine bar;
o, o, is a cutting bar having holes made in it to receive the teeth or tines p
projecting from the bar q, of which there are usually eight in the tine cylinder.
These cutting bars o are affixed to the bar q by means of metal brackets 1
bolted to their extremities and secured to the bars q by means of screws, which
will permit of their being readily removed when not required to be used. The
teeth of the cutting bars are placed between those of the bars of the tine
cylinder, so as to form, with those tines, rows of teeth of the same operative
length. This attachment we apply chiefly for distributing manure; but when
we require to cut up thistles or weeds we prefer to place the cutting bars
nearer to the tine points, as shewn at Figures 10 and 11, in which case we
dispense with the teeth on the cutting bars and lengthen the brackets 1, r.
In explaining our improvements we have not thought it necessary to show
the haymaking machine complete, but we may remark that the omitted parts
are constructed in a manner precisely similar to our well-known haymakers,
and therefore no special reference to those parts will be required.
In some cases we propose for the sake of lightness and strength to make
the boxes a of sheet iron, as shewn at Figs. 12.
Having now set forth the nature of our Invention of "Improvements
applicable to Haymaking Machines, whereby such Machines are Rendered
Useful for other Agricultural Purposes," and explained the manner of carrying
the same into effect, we wish it to be understood that under the above in part

page_text: recited Letters Patent we claim, the means herein described for improving
the construction and increasing the utility of haymaking machines.
In witness whereof, we, the said Henry Smith and Thomas Woodhouse
Ashby, have hereunto set our hands and seals, the Twelfth day of
February, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and 5
fifty-nine.
(L.s.) HENRY SMITH.
(L.S.) T. W. ASHBY.