A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOUND MATERIAL APPLICABLE FOR PACKING STUFFING' BOXES OF ENGINES, PUMPS, AND OTHER MECHANISM FOR PACKING JOINTS OF PIPES, BOILERS, TANKS, CYLINDERS AND VALVE CHESTS, AND OTHERS ANALOGOUS THERETO, AND WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR COVERING FLOORS, ROOFS, AND OTHER SURFACES.
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Stebbins Fish, of Mystic, in the County
of New London, and State of Connecticut, United States of America,.
but at present residing in Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, for the Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOUND MATERIAL
APPLICABLE FOR PACKING STUFFING' BOXES OF ENGINES, PUMPS, AND OTHER
MECHANISM FOR PACKING JOINTS OF PIPES, BOILERS, TANKS, CYLINDERS AND
VALVE CHESTS, AND OTHERS ANALOGOUS THERETO, AND WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE
FOR COVERING FLOORS, ROOFS, AND OTHER SURFACES.'
"
Sealed the 5th March 1875, and dated the 1st January 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Stebbins Fish
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 1st January 1875.
I, WILLIAM STEBBINS FISH, of Mystic, in the County of New London,
and State of Connecticut, United States of America, but at present
residing at Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED

page_text: COMPOUND MATERIAL APPLICABLE FOR PACKING STUFFING BOXES OF ENGINES,
PUMPS, AND OTHER MECHANISM FOR PACKING JOINTS OF PIPES, BOILERS, TANKS,
CYLINDERS, AND VALVE CHESTS, AND OTHERS ANALOGOUS THERETO, AND WHICH IS
ALSO APPLICABLE FOR COVERING FLOORS, ROOFS, AND OTHER SURFACES," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to a new or improved compound or combination
of substances constituting a material which is or may be used for packing
those parts of engines, pumps, or other mechanism wherein motion takes
place, and more especially the stuffing boxes of piston rods, valve rods,
and pump rods or plungers..
The said material is or may also be used for rendering tight the joints
of mechanism or structures in which the parts do not move or rub in or
upon one another, such for example, as the joints of cylinder or steam
chest covers, the man-hole or joints of boilers, tanks, or other vessels,
pipe joints, and others analogous thereto.
The said material is or may be further used as a covering for floors,
roofs, railway carriages, tramway cars, or other surfaces.
The characteristics of the said material are resistance to heat, friction,
and variation of temperature.
The material constituting this Invention is formed of a mixture of
raw caoutchouc or-india-rubber gum and triturated or comminuted
asbestos or amianthus.
In manufacturing the said material the raw cautchouc or india-rubber
gum is kneaded in a masticator consisting of pressure rollers and of the
kind at present usually employed by india-rubber manufacturers for
reducing the raw india-rubber gum to a pasty condition. When
sufficiently reduced to this condition the triturated or comminuted
asbestos or amianthus is mixed therewith, and these are still further
operated on by the masticator until the asbestos or amianthus is regularly
distributed throughout the pasty caoutchouc. A sufficient quantity of
sulphur is also mixed with the compound for the purpose of vulcanization,
and the compound is then ready for vulcanization in the ordinary
manner.

page_text: rectangular, or other required section, and vulcanized; or instead of so
producing it it is formed into thin sheets which are subsequently rolled
into lengths of any required section, such as round, oval, square, or
oblong, and when thus made it may be formed either with or without a
core of india-rubber.
When using the said material for packing stationary joints of the
kind herein-before described, it is either cut from sheets or moulded into
rings, segments, or lengths of the required size, and when using it for
covering surfaces, such as floors or roofs, it is also made into sheets.
The proportions of the aforesaid materials which are used may be
considerably varied, but it is found that 80 per cent. of triturated or
comminuted asbestos or amianthus, and 20 per cent. of raw india-rubber.
gum give good results.
If it is desired to produce a pattern or ornamental device upon the
new or improved material, as for example, when such is used for covering
floors, these are painted, printed, or drawn thereon in or with the
coloured solutions of india-rubber before being vulcanised.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Stebbins Fish in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 29th June 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
STEBBINS FISH, of Mystic, in the County of New London, and State of
Connecticut, United States of America, but at present residing in
Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
38th year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Stebbins Fish, Her special.
license, that I, the said William Stebbins Fish, my executors,
administrators, and assgins, or such others as I, the said William
Stebbins Fish, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at.

page_text: any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOUND MATERIAL APPLICABLE FOR
PACKING STUFFING BOXES OF ENGINES, PUMPS, AND OTHER MECHANISM, FOR
PACKING JOINTS OF PIPES, BOILERS, TANKS, CYLINDERS, AND VALVE CHESTS, AND
OTHERS ANALOGOUS THERETO, AND WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR COVERING FLOORS,
ROOFS, AND OTHER SURFACES," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said William Stebbins Fish, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Stebbins Fish, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates to an improved compound or combination
of substances constituting a material which is or may be used for
packing those parts of engines, pumps, or other mechanism wherein
motion takes place, and more especially the stuffing boxes of piston rods,
valve rods, and pump rods or plungers.
The said material is or may also be used for rendering tight the joints
of mechanism or structures in which the parts do not move or rub in or
upon one another; such for example, as the joints of cylinder or steam
chest covers; the man-hole or joints of boilers, tanks, or other vessels,
pipe joints, and others analogous thereto.
The said material is or may be further used as a covering for floors,
roofs, railway carriages, tramway cars, or other surfaces.
The characteristics of the said material are resistance to heat, friction,
and variation of temperature.
The material constituting this Invention is formed of a mixture of raw
caoutchouc or india-rubber gum and triturated or comminuted asbestos.
or amianthus.
.

page_text: In manufacturing the said material the raw caoutchouc or india-rubber
gum is kneaded in a masticator consisting of pressure rollers, and of the
kind at present usually employed by india-rubber manufacturers for
reducing the raw india-rubber gum to a pasty condition. When sufficiently
reduced to this condition the triturated or comminuted asbestos or
amianthus is mixed therewith, and these are still further operated on by
the masticator until the asbestos or amianthus is regularly distributed
throughout the pasty caoutchouc. A sufficient quantity of sulphur is
also mixed with the compound for the purpose of vulcanization, and the
compound is then ready for vulcanization in the ordinary manner.
When manufacturing the material as a packing for stuffing boxes it
is formed in moulds or dies into rings or lengths of round, oval, square,
rectangular, or other required section and vulcanized; or instead of so
producing it it is formed into thin sheets which are subsequently rolled
into lengths of any required section, such as round, oval, square, or
oblong, and when thus made it may be formed either with or without a
core of india-rubber.
When using the said material for packing stationary joints of the kind
herein-before described it is either cut from sheets or moulded into rings,
segments, or lengths of the required size, and when using it for covering
surfaces, such as floors or roofs it is also made into sheets.
The proportions of the aforesaid materials which are used may be
considerably varied, but it is found that 80 per cent. of triturated or
comminuted asbestos or amianthus, and 20 per cent. of raw india-rubber
gum give good results.
If it is desired to produce a pattern or ornamental device upon the
improved material, as for example, when such is used for covering floors,
these are painted, printed, or drawn thereon in or with the coloured
solutions of india-rubber before being vulcanized.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the system, mode, or manner in or under which the
same is or may be used or practically carried into effect, I would
observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original,
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent is, the improved compound or
material, and the use or employment of the said compound or material

page_text: for the several purposes herein-before set forth or for purposes analogous
thereto.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Stebbins Fish, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of March, One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.
WILLIAM STEBBINS FISH. (L.S.)