matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING OR FASTENING SCREW BOLTS AND NUTS WHEN TIGHTENED UP
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Patterson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st October
1866.
I, JOHN PATTERSON, of Beverley, in the County of York, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SECURING OR FASTENING SCREW BOLTS AND NUTS WHEN TIGHTENED UP," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a mode of preventing screw bolts and nuts
from working loose after they have been tightened up, as they are liable to do
when subjected to shocks and vibrations in the rail joints of railways and other
situations.
The essential feature of my Invention consists in the employment of a
peculiar washer or thin plate, which, unlike ordinary washers, is prevented by
special contrivances herein-after described from rotation with the nut, such
washer being of a sufficient diameter to project slightly beyond the flat sides
of the nut, and thin enough to admit of a portion of the washer being bent up
by the aid of a chisel and hammer against one of the flat sides of the nut after
it has been tightened up, thereby effectually preventing the turning or loosening
of such nut so long as the said washer remains fixed.
Various arrangements may be adopted in carrying out my Invention, but the
arrangement which I prefer consists in making two or more washers in one

page_text: piece, they being connected by an intermediate strip of metal of a length
dependent upon the distance between the bolt holes. By this construction
the washers will be held stationary as regards any rotatory motion, and when
the nuts are screwed up tight it is simply requisite to bend up a portion of
each washer as above described against one or more of the flat sides of the
nuts in order to effectually check any tendency the nuts, and through them
the bots, may have to become loose; or a single washer may be employed of
a diameter sufficiently large to admit of its edge being turned up as and for
the purpose above described, and having one or more holes, recesses, pro-
jections, or pins fitting on to or into corresponding projections or sunk portions
on the bearing surface against which it is forced and held by the nut; or the
washer may be prevented from turning by having a projecting strip
formed thereon of sufficient length to enable it to be bent under the rail; or
an arm or projection may be formed on one edge of the washer, which may be
prevented from turning by raising a burr on the bearing surface. These are
given as examples only of the various means that may be adopted for preventing
the turning of the washer or thin plate under the nut, but other means may
readily suggest themselves to the practical engineer. In all cases, however,
I secure the nut by turning up a portion of the stationary washer against one
or other of the flat sides of such nut.
or bar
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHATE OF SODA AND SULPHATE OF POTASH
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Davies at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th July
1866. A communication from abroad by Paul Rémond, of Paris, in
the Empire of France.
I, GEORGE DAVIES, of No. 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County of
Middlesex, and No. 87, St. Vincent Street, in the City of Glasgow, Civil
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHATE OF SODA AND
SULPHATE OF POTASH," (a communication to me from abroad by Paul Rémond,
of Paris, in the Empire of France,) to be as follows:—
To obtain either of the above-named salts I pass sulphurous acid (obtained
either by burning sulphur or by heating iron pyrites or sulphurous ores in
presence of oxygen) mixed with a proportionate quantity of atmospheric air
over or through oxide of copper or oxide of chrome, or a mixture of the two
heated to a dull redness, or over or through any other well-known oxide or
substance capable of inducing the chemical combination of sulphurous acid
with oxygen. By operating as above described sulphuric acid is prepared,
and provided an excess of air be used the oxide of copper or other oxide or
substance made use of will not undergo any alteration during the process,
and may therefore be used continually. The sulphuric acid obtained by the
combination of oxygen and sulphurous acid in the manner above described is

page_text: now conducted into a vessel containing chloride of sodium or chloride of
potassium in the usual proportions, either wholly or partially in solution and
gently heated. The sulphuric acid combines with the sodium or potassium
and the corresponding sulphates are produced, and may be obtained in a
dry. state by evaporation. The hydrochloric acid gas evolved during the
formation of the sulphates may be collected by suitable condensers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING CARDBOARD OR PASTEBOARD
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Backhouse at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
November 1866.
I, GEORGE BACKHOUSE, of Blue Pits, near Rochdale, in the County of
Lancaster, Card and Pasteboard Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
MANUFACTURING CARDBOARD OR PASTEBOARD," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the production of cardboard or paste '
board from continuous lengths of paper, and drying, glazing, and cutting the
same by one and the same operation, so that such cardboard and pasteboard
is ready for the market immediately upon being taken from the machine,
instead of having to be dried and glazed by a separate process as has hitherto
been practised.
Now this Invention consists in applying pasting or adhesive material to one
surface of every sheet composing the pasteboard or cardboard, except the top
or bottom sheet, and passing such sheets over a roller, by which they are
brought in contact together; such partially combined sheets are then passed
between an endless apron or felt and a drum, by which means they are com-
pressed and conjoined, and thence the so-formed cardboard or pasteboard
passes over one or more drying cylinders, round each of which endless aprons
or felts are stretched (the pasteboard or cardboard passing between such
aprons or felts, and such cylinders), and for the purpose of glazing such paste-

page_text: board or cardboard a calender may be situated in close contact with the
drying cylinders, and any ordinary cutting apparatus may also be applied, so
that cardboard or pasteboard may be produced from continuous lengths of
paper, dried, glazed, and cut to the necessary sizes, ready for the market,
before being removed from the machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BUSKS OF STAYS AND CORSETS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Alfred Young at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th July
1866.
I, ROBERT ALFRED YOUNG, of Bristol, in the County of Gloucester, Stay
and Corset Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BUSKS OF STAYS AND CORSETS," to be as follows:-
Steel busks of stays and corsets have hitherto been japanned with a view
to prevent oxidation, but such coating is liable to crack and scale off, and my
improvements consist in galvanizing or tinning the surfaces of the busks
by any of the known processes with the same object of preventing rust or
oxidation.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF UTILIZING BESSEMER AND OTHER STEEL AND IRON SCRAP
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clay and Alfred Bowater
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 31st October 1866.
We, WILLIAM CLAY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Iron
Manufacturer, and ALFRED BOWATER, of the same Place, Manager of Iron-
works, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF UTILIZING BESSEMER AND OTHER STEEL AND IRON SCRAP," to be as
follows:-
We utilize steel and iron scrap by heating it in any convenient manner,
and whilst it is still warm pouring liquid Bessemer steel around it, or after
heating it we place it in or amongst liquid Bessemer steel. In either case
under these.conditions the liquid Bessemer steel and scrap unite or combine
during solidification of the mass, and so form a strong casting, be it in the
form of an ingot or otherwise. The croppings of Bessemer steel rails and
other heavy bars and rods, as well as scrap of Bessemer, cast, and other steel,
and of malleable and other iron of various shapes, can be utilized by the
method and in the manner described.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ECONOMISING FUEL BY RETAINING AND APPLYING HEAT TO THE HEATING OF WATER IN LOCOMOTIVE BOILERS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Robinson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd November
1866.
I, JOHN ROBINSON, of Greenfield, in the County of York, Spinner, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR ECONOMISING FUEL BY RETAINING AND APPLYING HEAT TO THE
HEATING OF WATER IN LOCOMOTIVE BOILERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates more particularly to that class of high-pressure
boilers known as the locomotive boiler, and is designed for the purpose of
heating the water supplying the boiler during its circulation or passage through
the feed pipes of such steam boilers before such water is injected into the
same.
The improvements consist in the novel adaptation, construction, and
arrangement of a box or boxes containing a series of pipes through which the
water is caused to pass in its passage to the boiler; this box is situated in the
smoke box of the locomotive engine, and is so arranged and constructed that
it will allow the exhaust steam as it escapes from the cylinder to pass between
and constantly envelop the aforesaid pipe through which the water passes,
by this means the water as it circulates becomes heated before entering the
boiler. If two boxes are employed they are to be placed in such a position
that each separate cylinder will exhaust its steam into its own box, from

page_text: whence the steam is ejected through suitable openings into and out of the
blast pipe. These boxes containing the pipes through which the water
circulates on its passage to the boiler may, if desirable, be supplied with a jet
of steam from the boiler which will assist in conjunction with the exhaust
steam to heat the circulating water in the said pipes as before described, or
such jet of steam may be employed separately and independently for the said
purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND APPLICATION OF VEGETABLE FIBRES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Werner Staufen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd January
1866.
I, WERNER STAUFEN, of 2, Devonshire Terrace, Fulham Road, Brompton,
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND APPLICATION OF
VEGETABLE FIBRES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the treatment and preparation of the vegetable
materials herein after mentioned, whereby I obtain fibres applicable as a
substitute for bristles or horse and other hair, which by reason of the treatment
undergone they much resemble. In the Specification of a Patent No. 1279,
dated April 30th 1862, granted to me, I described a method of treating
fibres the produce of the tree known as Arenga saccharifera apparently
somewhat resembling my present improvements, but which nevertheless differs
in some important particulars. I take the vegetable materials in the state
as they are imported, and boil them in an alkaline solution for a longer or
shorter period (say from balf an hour to two hours) as may be required to
remove the resinous, gummy, woody, or other matter adhering to the fibres;
the fibres when removed from the solution are placed in a bath containing

page_text: a mordant, preparatory to dyeing. In dyeing these fibres I mix with the
dyeing solution a certain proportion of soapy matter, using about 1 to 4 lbs.
for every 100 lbs. of material to be dyed. When dyed the fibres are dried in
the open air, or by artificial means, and then subjected to the action of
suitable machinery for opening, combing, straightening, and polishing the
fibres. The fibres are ultimately separated, sorted, and selected for the
purpose required. If to be used as a substitute for bristles the coarser fibres
are selected and left straight, whereas if intended to be used as stuffing for
cushions and other articles, in lieu of horsehair, they are curled in the same
manner as in curling horsehair, after which they are steeped in water till they
become soft, and afterwards removed and subjected to a high degree of dry
heat. The finer fibres are also suitable for weaving, making of rope yarn,
fishing lines, covering telegraphic cables, and other similar purposes, and if to
be so used are left straight. The vegetable materials I employ are as
follows: Attalea funifera, Leopoldinia piassava, Caryota urens, Agava
Americana, Arenga saccharifera, Cocos nucifera, Tillandsia usneoides.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO HANDLES FOR ACTUATING LOCKS, BARS, BOLTS, OR LATCHES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Burrow Sholland at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
July 1866.
I, WILLIAM BURROW SHORLAND, of the City of Manchester, and County of
Lancaster, Ironmonger, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO HANDLES FOR ACTUATING LOCKS, BARS,
BOLTS, OR LATCHES," to be as follows.―
My improvements relate to a mode of securing handles to the shaft or
spindle connected with the lock bar, bolt, or latch, and so that such handles
may be adjusted on the shaft to suit different thicknesses of doois or gates,
such handles have been commonly secured on a square shaft by a set screw
passing into a small hole drilled into the side of the square shaft, a series of
these holes being drilled in the sides of the square shaft so that the position
of some one of them would suit the thickness of the door, but these set screws
work loose and the handle comes off My improvements consist in making
the shafts square, and screwing one or both ends with a srew thread, the screw
thread taking off the corners of the square shaft, but leaving sufficiently flat
sides for the square hole in the handle to take hold of, and in fitting a screw
nut to one or both handles, so that when the handles are placed upon the
shaft the screw nuts can be rotated in on upon the handles, this is done by

page_text: making a recess in the handle for the screw nut, or in making the screw nut
to grasp a dovetail part upon the handle upon which it can turn. The
screw nut is prevented from rotating when the handle is adjusted by a set
screw or by a key placed in a groove formed in the square shaft which enters
a notch in the screw nut.
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR DRYING STEAM, ALSO FOR HEATING THE FEED WATER OF STATIONARY BOILERS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Pollit and Eustace. Wigzell
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 3rd March 1866.
We, JOSEPH POLLIT and EUSTACE WIGZELL, of the Firm of Timothy Bates
and Company, of Sowerby Bridge, near Halifax, in the County of York,
Engineers and Millwrights, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR DRYING STEAM, ALSO FOR HEATING THE
FEED WATER OF STATIONARY BOILERS," to be as follows:--
This Invention consists of a double box or an enclosed vessel divided by a
partition into two compartments, each being provided with a branch pipe, the
one for inlet and the other for outlet of steam or water. One of these boxes
or compartments bas an opening in the side opposite to or parallel with the
partition, and a pipe or tube having one end closed and the other open is
fixed in or to the said opening with its closed end projecting outward. The
partition has also an opening of smaller dimensions, in which another tube or
pipe open at both ends is fixed, projecting through the aforesaid compartment
and concentrically into or within the first-named tube, nearly to or within a
short distance of its closed end, leaving a passage from one tube to the other.
One or a series of such vessels is or are placed in the flue or flues of a boiler
or steam generator, the inlet branch or branches connecting by a pipe or pipes
with the steam chamber of the boiler, so that steam may pass therefrom into
this vessel or vessels and through the inner tube or tubes into and through
the annular space or spaces formed betwixt the inner and outer tubes and

page_text: into the other compartment, thence passing through the outlet pipes it may
be conducted by other pipes or pipe to the place where it is required to be
used. The flame or heat passing from the furnace of the boiler circulating
about these vessels and the tubes thereof dries the steam as it passes through
them.
When this apparatus is used for heating the feed water the inlet branches
or branch are or is connected to the supply, and the outlet branches or
branch to the boiler or steam generator, whereby the said feed water is heated
during its passage.
IMPROVED STEERING APPARATUS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th July 1866. A communication from abroad by Robert Creuzbaur,
of the City and State of New York, United States of America.
1, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED STEERING APPARATUS," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to facilitate the manoeuvring or turning of
ships and other sailing vessels by applying to them a steering apparatus,
which is enclosed within a tube of suitable dimensions passing through the
hull of the vessel either at the forward or rear part thereof so as to be out of
the way of injury from external causes, and so as to act and react upon the
water in a direction which is transversely or obliquely to the length of the
vessel, thereby admitting of a vessel being quickly turned in either direction,
whether under headway or lying at rest, as will be herein-after described.
The tube, whether made straight or curved, is fitted with a screw, the blades
of which are made to play freely in it. The screw is applied to a transverse
shaft, which is driven by bevil wheels or other gearing set in motion by a
large bevil wheel keyed to the lower end of a vertical shaft; this shaft passes
up through the decks, and on each deck a capstan is applied to it, by which
means the shaft can be turned by manual power from either deck. In steam
vessels a small engine may be used for turning the shaft continuously in the

page_text: same direction, and in case of a severe storm when the engines are rendered
inoperative the steering can be performed by the crew, as above described.
To allow for reversing the direction of rotation of the screw, and of its being
tbrown out of action, a sliding clutch is employed, which is operated by a
lever reaching to the deck; by the rocking of this lever either one or other
of a pair of pinions may be thrown into gear with the large bevil wheel, or
both may be thrown out of gear when the steering screw is not required to
act. When repairs are necessary, and a dry dock is not convenient, water-
tight caps are to be placed over the ends of the tube, or internal gates may
be provided for closing the ends; the water is then to be pumped out of the
tube by means of a suitable engine. When the water is thus drawn out of
the pipe it can be entered by means of a man-hole provided for the purpose,
In order to exclude objects from the interior of the tube a fender or grating
inay be applied to its open ends.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN CASTING IN METALS AND OTHER. MATERIALS, AND. IN, THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR. FORMING SUCH APPARATUS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL. SPECIFICATION left by the said William Atkinson at the--
Office of the Commissioners. of. Patents,, with his Petition,, on the
8th March 1866:
1. WILLIAM ATKINSON,, of the Eagle Foundry, in the Town and County of
Northampton,. do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN CASTING IN METALS AND OTHER.
MATERIALS, AND. IN, THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR. FORMING SUCH APPARATUS," to be-
as follows:
My Invention has for its object to facilitate and simplify the process of
forming those patterns for casting in metals and other materials. which have-
heretofore been. formed. of a separate plate or block, to which the pattern to.
be cast has been secured.. My improvements consist in dispensing with the
preliminary process of preparing a separate plate by casting it in one piece.
with the pattern. For this purpose I form the two moulds of the pattern.to.
be cast in two separate boxes in the ordinary manner. A wooden pattern
having the external configuration and thickness required for the plate. to
be cast with the pattern is then placed upon the surface of the lower box,
which is of a size exceeding that of the plate to be cast, I then ram the sand
round the outer edge of the plate to a height corresponding with the thickness
of the latter. The pattern of the plate is then removed and planed pieces of

page_text: metal of the same thickness as the plate are placed at the corners of the box,
and the upper box is then placed upon the lower one so as to rest upon the.
corner pieces. The casting is then made in the ordinary manner, the result
being that the pattern and the plate are formed in one and the same piece,
from which the objects are cast in the ordinary manner.
AN IMPROVED VARNISH FOR PRESERVING WOOD AND FOR PROTECTING IRON SHIPS AND OTHER METALWORK PROM OXYDATION AND FROM FOULING
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th April 1866.-A communication from abroad by Adolphe Guibert,
of Paris, France.
I, CLINTON EDGCUMBE BROOMAN, of Robertson, Brooman, and Company, of
166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED VARNISH FOR PRESERVING
WOOD AND FOR PROTECTING IRON SHIPS AND OTHER METALWORK PROM OXYDATION
AND FROM FOULING," to be as follows:-
This varnish is intended to protect wood from worms when placed in the
ground, and from marine plants and shell-fish in water; it also preserves metals
from oxydation and iron ships and structures from fouling under water.
The Invention consists in compounding this protecting varnish of the ingre-
dients and in or about the proportions following:-Mix 25 parts by weight of
galipot, 25 parts by weight of common resin, and 50 parts by weight of
essence of turpentine; to 80 parts of this mixture add 18 parts of sulphuret
of copper reduced to an impalpable powder, and two parts of regulus of
antimony, also in the state of impalpable powder.
Method of preparing the varnish.-Dissolve the galipot and the resin in a
pan or other vessel and stir the mixture, withdraw the liquid mixture, pour in
the essence of turpentine and stir the whole; pour this mixture into another

page_text: vessel, introduce the sulphuret of copper and the regulus of antimony, and
stir the mass. The varnish is poured into jars, bottles, or other receptacles,
and is ready for use. Sometimes I substitute for the turpentine petroleum,
benzine, and other mineral and vegetable oils.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HYDRAULIC CEMENTS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph James Coleman and
Thomas Henry Coleman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 23rd November 1866.
We, JOSEPH JAMES COLEMAN and THOMAS HENRY COLEMAN, both of
Pontblyddyn, Mold, North Wales, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HYDRAULIC CEMENTS," to
be as follows:-
In manufacturing hydraulic cements according to this Invention we employ
the carbonaceous mineral residues obtained in the dry distillation of cannel
coal and oil producing shales. For this purpose we by preference intimately
mix the dry carbonaceous mineral residue from the retort or still in a state of
fine powder with a suitable quantity of lime, limestone, or chalk; this
mixture is then calcined in a suitable furnace, admitting sufficient air to
consume the carbon contained in the mixture. The product which constitutes
the cement is ground to a fine powder and used in the same manner and for
the same purposes as the cements commonly called Roman and Portland.
In some cases the cement may be formed by calcining the carbonaceous
mineral residue alone previous to its admixture with the lime, limestone, or
chalk.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS FOR GRINDING WHEAT AND OTHER GRAIN
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Roberts and Henry Roberts
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 7th March 1866.
We, EDWIN ROBERTS and HENRY ROBERTS, both of Denshanger, in the
County of Northampton, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS FOR GRINDING WHEAT AND OTHER
GRAIN," to be as follows:-
Our improvements relate to grinding mills which reduce the grain by means
of iron disc plates as grinding surfaces, which disc plates are disposed in a
vertical position, the one being a fixture in the frame or casing while the
other is mounted on a horizontal axis carried by suitable bearings, and forced
up at one end by a set screw and hand wheel. On the end of the shaft is
placed a rigger or pulley by which the shaft and runner are driven; this rigger
has a trumpet mouth centre piece and is furnished with vanes or blades, which
by the rotation of the shaft cause air to be drawn and forced towards the centre
and up a channel in the shaft; the feed takes place through the eye or centre of
the stationary grinding surface, at which point a screw is formed on the shaft;
this screw has the effect of carrying the grain forward and introducing it
between the grinding surfaces. A series of small apertures are perforated at
this point (in the screw) to the air channel of the shaft, allowing the air to
escape, which with the grain passes through between the grinding surfaces

page_text: and keeps them cool. A feeder is disposed between the supply hopper and
the screw on the shaft before described, which feeder is driven by a strap and
regulates the feed as required. The grinding discs have cutting teeth or
surfaces similar to the cutting of ordinary burr stones, such surfaces being of
chilled cast iron.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WASHING, WRINGING, AND MANGLING
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Burgess at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th July 1866.
I, WILLIAM BURGESS, of 7, Montpelier Road, Queen's Road, Peckham, in
the County of Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WASHING, WRINGING, AND
MANGLING," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in constructing those parts of washing
machines used for containing the water, in which the various articles have to
be washed, of iron, having those surfaces which are exposed to the action of
the water and liable to corrosion protected by a vitreous, enamelled, or other
coating, applied in the usual known manner, which requires considerable heat
to harden or fuze after it is first applied to the parts which it is desired to
protect.
Secondly, in constructing those parts of my apparatus used for washing of
iron, coated as above, but having a series of gas jets, or a furnace, and flue or
chimney suitably placed beneath the apparatus in order that the water may
be heated in the apparatus itself without the necessity of employing a separate
boiler for that purpose.
Thirdly, in constructing the rollers of that part of my apparatus employed
for mangling and wringing of metal, one or more of which rollers I cause to
run loosely upon a perforated hollow spindle or pipe, which may be supplied
with
gas
from another pipe or tube for the purpose of heating such rollers
when required.
IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING NEW EFFECTS IN PHOTOGRAPHIC PORTRAITURE
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Silvester Laroche at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
March 1866.
I, WILLIAM SILVESTER LAROCHE, of 58, Calthorpe Place, Islington Row,
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Artist, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING
NEW EFFECTS IN PHOTOGRAPHIC PORTRAITURE," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in placing the person or persons whose portrait or
portraits is or are to be taken in front of any background in use among photo-
graphers, and then placing in front of and close to the sitter or sitters a screen or
frame about six feet high and five feet wide, or any other suitable dimensions
covered with canvas or linen, or any other suitable material, and having an
opening cut in the centre of it of any required size or shape; the front of such
opening to be fitted up and surrounded with an ornamental frame of any
design; the ornamentation can be removable and so be changed and arranged
to be emblematical of the position in society or occupation of the sitter of
sitters by using figures, trophies, models, or any other description of orna-
mentation.
The screen or frame covered with canvas or linen, and having the opening
therein fitted up as aforesaid, is made to slide up and down a groove in a
framework, which is made to support it in a perpendicular position, and can
be raised or lowered to suit the height of any person or persons by means of

page_text: counterweights with ropes attached running over wheels fitted to the frame-
work, or by means of a rack and pinion adjustment fixed at the side of the
aforesaid framework, and worked with a crank handle, or in any other
suitable manner; I then employ a photographic camera and lens, and by
means of any of the photographic processes now in use photograph the frame
and sitter or sitters at the same time, the result being a complete cabinet
picture of any size with portrait and ornamental frame complete; the negative
to be printed in the usual manner.
AN IMPROVED FIRE-ALARM
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Crean and Charles Joseph
Barr at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 5th March 1866.
We, JOHN CREAN, of East Road, City Road, and CHARLES JOSEPH BARR,
of Curtain Road, Shoreditch, both in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED FIRE-ALARM,"
to be as follows, that is to say:-
Our Invention consists in an improved construction of fire-alarm apparatus,
in which the heat of the fire is employed to set in action the elements or
parts of a galvanic battery, and thereby form a current by which the alarm is
set in action. The heat generated by the fire causes a fusible composition
to melt, thereby opening a passage between two chambers and bringing into
contact the elements or parts of a galvanic battery, thus generating an electric
current which is conveyed through wires to the place where the alarm is to be
given. The said alarm is given by causing the electric current thus generated
to ring a bell by the ordinary known means, or by igniting, by means of a
wire heated by the electric current, a fuse and a detonating tube similar to
that described in the Specification of a Patent granted to us, and dated the
Second of August 1865, Number 1998. To carry out the Invention we
affix upon a suitable tablet of wood or metal two tubes of glass, porcelain, or
metal. In one of the said tubes we place the plates of a galvanic battery, with
conducting wires therefrom; in the other tube we place the necessary exciting

page_text: liquid of a galvanic battery, and between these said tubes containing the
battery plates and liquid we place a small metal tube for the purpose of
communicating with the interiors of the said tubes. In the communicating
tube we place a composition that will melt by the heat of the place on fire.
In the other end of the tube containing the liquid we place a small tube
containing some of the aforesaid fusible composition for the purpose of allowing
the liquid to run into the bottom tube more rapidly when the action takes
place. The electric current thus generated gives the alarm in the manner
before described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES FOR PUMPS, SAID IMPROVEMENTS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO STEAM VALVES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry George Scott and Nathan
Hallowell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 31st August 1866.
We, HENRY GEORGE SCOTT, of Leeds, in the County of York, Civil
Engineer, and NATHAN HALLOWELL, of Greenhill, near Sheffield, in the County
of Derby, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES FOR PUMPS, SAID IMPROVEMENTS BEING
ALSO APPLICABLE TO STEAM VALVES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in forming the bucket clack or valve of a spiral
spring, which may be composed of steel, iron, or other suitable material.
By this arrangement the beat of the valve is mitigated, and a smoother action
obtained. The spring may be compressed and the valve closed by shoulders
on the valve spindle or by other means.
AN IMPROVE- MENT IN THE TREATMENT OF RAMI OR RHEA FIBRE, COMMONLY CALLED AND KNOWN AB CHINA OR INDIA GRASSES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Augustine Godefroy and
John William Mott at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 6th February 1866.
We, PETER AUGUSTINE GODEFROY, of Number 5, Church Road, Homer-
ton, Operative Chemist, and JOHN WILLIAM MOTT, of Essex Place,.
Nightingale Road, Clapton, Gentleman, both in the County of Middlesex,.
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT IN THE TREATMENT OF RAMI OR RHEA FIBRE, COMMONLY CALLED AND KNOWN
AB CHINA OR INDIA GRASSES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists, firstly, in an improvement in its preparation for
bleaching; secondly, in an improvement in its preparation for carding
or spinning, fibreizing, and dyeing, this second preparation being the best
for dyeing, and the one which we prefer; thirdly, in an improvement
in the mode of its preparation for dyeing. Firstly, instead of pre-
paring the fibre or grasses in the ordinary mode for bleaching we, after
it is divested of its siliceous matter, cause certain proportions of super-.
sulphate of potash, commonly known as salts of tartar, to be applied to.
the fibre or grasses, according to the quantity treated by saturation ;..
secondly, for the purpose of fibreizing to a much higher extent than is now.
done, we mix certain proportions of sulphuric acid, Florence or any other
vegetable oil, and use this mixture in chemical combination for the satura- .
tion of the fibre or grasses; thirdly, in the improved mode of preparation
for dyeing we take potash, Florence or any other vegetable oil, and use

page_text: this mixture in chemical combination for saturation of the fibre or grasses.
Each of the said modes of treatment is an improvement on those now
in use.
The proportions to be observed are,-
No. 1, in the bleaching of India and China grasses.-Take one pound of
supersulphate of potash to twelve gallons of water heated to a temperature
of about one hundred and eighty degrees Fahrenheit; then soak the fibre
in the liquid for six to eight hours.
2, in the fibrizing of India and China grasses.-Take one pound of
Florence oil, and add to this two ounces of pure sulphuric acid; keep the
mixture in a state of agitation by stirring it continually from the left to the
right hand until such time as it assumes the consistency and colour of
treacle; it is then in a state to mix with, and mix accordingly with, say, from
eight to twelve gallons of water heated to about two hundred Fahrenheit.
3rd, in the dyeing of India or China grasses.-Take one pound of potash,
dissolve in one gallon of boiling water; add eight ounces of Florence oil,
stirring as in number two until the mixture assumes the appearance of
soap lather, then add to it about sixteen gallons of water at a temperature
of about one hundred and eighty degrees.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LACE GAUZE, NET, OR ELASTIC FABRICS OF THAT DESCRIPTION
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Narcisse Legendre at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
February 1866.
I, NARCISSE LEGENDRE, of Calais, in the Empire of France, Lace
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LACE GAUZE, NET, OR ELASTIC FABRICS
OF THAT DESCRIPTION," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce on the ordinary lace or
bobbin-net machine a fabric of a new kind. The fabric produced is of a
light gauze-like or gossamer texture, sufficiently transparent to be used
for veils, and yet having a sufficiently solid appearance to be used for
the skirts of dresses. This object is effected by introducing into an ordi-
nary lace or bobbin-net machine a supplementary or additional warp, the
threads of which will be woven into the lace fabric. To this end the
additional warp is wound on a roller or beam, which is mounted in the
machine at any convenient part, so that the warp threads may be carried
between the ordinary bobbins and carriages, which in their motions to form
the net or ground of the fabric will pass round the warp threads and thus
enclose them in the meshes of the ordinary net or lace. For a plain fabric
the additional warp threads may be conducted straight through the machine
without giving to them any but a direct onward motion, but if desired

page_text: these threads may be operated upon by a guide bar to which a transverse
shogging motion may be given by means of a jacquard or other equivalent
apparatus in the same way as other of the ordinary bars of a lace machine
are controlled and actuated for the purpose of producing simple patterns of
limited extent. It will of course he understood that a striped fabric may
be produced by employing warp threads of various colours arranged on
the beam in any desired order.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF DISTILLING PETROLEUM AND OTHER OILS OR SUBSTANCES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th October 1866.-A communication from abroad by Orazio Lugo and
Theodore Otto Ludwig Schrader, both of the City of New York, in the
United States of America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF DISTILLING
PETROLEUM AND OTHER OILS OR SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the introduction of atmospheric air or gas during
the distilling process among the vapours eliminated from petroleum or other
oils or substances by the heat applied to the still. It consists in heating the
air or gas previous to its admission among the vapours to a temperature equal
or thereabouts to that of the oil in the still by the same means or medium
employed to heat the still, and in such manner that the temperature of the
air or gas admitted increases or decreases with the temperature of the oil in
the still, whereby the process of distillation. is accelerated and kept under
perfect control, and there is obtained from petroleum a nitrogenized bydro-
carbon oil of a non-explosive character, and of superior illuminating power.
It also consists in the employment of the waste heat from the still for the

page_text: preparatory heating of the air or gas to be admitted to the.still prior to its
being subjected to the final heating by the same means or medium by which
the still itself is heated. In thus admitting heated air among the vapours
eliminated from oils or hydrocarbons in the distilling process there is some
danger without great care is exercised after it has become necessary in the
progress of distillation to increase the heat to a high degree, say over
300° Fahr., that ammoniacal gases would be evolved, and that consequently
there would be great loss of distillate. To obviate, this another feature of the
Invention consists in passing the heated air at such stage of the distillation as
may be desirable through or in contact with a suitable hydrocarbon of heavy
specific gravity, or with any other suitable oil before its introduction among
the heated vapours of the still.
AN IMPROVED SMOKE- CONSUMING FIRE-PLACE
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
September 1866.-A communication from Charles René Marcadier,
residing at Tours, in the Empire of France, Gentleman.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices,
24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 38, Por-
chester Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SMOKE-
CONSUMING FIRE-PLACE," a communication from Charles René Marcadier, a
person residing at Tours, in the Empire of France, aforesaid, Gentleman, to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved arrangement in fire-places, whereby
they are rendered completely fumivorous whatever may be the purpose for
which they are to be employed. It consists in doing away with the opening
or passage through which the smoke is allowed to escape in fire-places
actually in use; in disposing the grate which receives the fuel in an inclined
plane from the back of the fire-place forward; in introducing the fuel when
the fire is kindled by one or more apertures at the upper part of the fire-place;
in placing under and at a certain distance from the grate near the top of the
ash receptacle a partition of brickwork or fire-clay, which might contain the
boiler in the fire-places of steam engines; the said partition is made to assumie
the same direction as the grate, which is that of an inclined plane from the
back of the fire-place forward, and is provided in front, facing upwardly, the

page_text: said fire-place, with an opening so as to give passage to the flames coming from
the fire-place, by which means the said flames are thus deflected downwards
and pass through the said opening under the grate into the space above the
ash receptacle where the smoke is consumed, and escapes not above the fire-
bridge as in ordinary fire-places up the chimney but below the fire-bridge.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLYING MOTIVE POWER TO SAW FRAMES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Robinson and John Smith at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
12th December 1866.
We, JOHN ROBINSON, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
5 and JOHN SMITH, of the same Place, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLYING MOTIVE POWER TO SAW
FRAMES;" to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to those saw frames which are driven by the direct
action of steam or air, and consists, firstly, in so regulating the motion of the
valves of such steam or air cylinders, or the laps thereof, that the induction
passage is opened before the piston has completed its stroke, and the said
fluid therefore opposes the piston and acts as a cushion for it to abut against.
Secondly, our Invention consists in a method of giving motion to such
valves as aforesaid. For this purpose we employ a link connected at one end
to the saw frame and adapted at the other end by a centre pin to a slot within
which the said pin can slide; to this link is jointed another which is connected
to an arm turning upon a fixed centre and carrying the rod of the slide valve.
As the saw frame moves upward and downward, the centre pin of the link
carried thereby moves in the above-mentioned slot, and we make this centre
pin adjustable in order to determine the motion of the valve, and thus the first
part of our Invention may be accomplished.
Thirdly, our Invention consists in another method of giving motion to the
valves of such steam and air cylinders. For this purpose we employ a bar

page_text: sliding with the reciprocating saw frame and carrying inclined pieces to act as
tappets; these inclines or tappets as they move upward and downward act
upon rollers, which by causing a shaft or lever to oscillate or vibrate impart
the necessary sliding motion to the valve. The inclines, or tappets, or the
rollers we make adjustable for regulating the motion of the valve; the steam
or air cylinder may be placed above or below the saw frame, and we provide
the said cylinder with a separate steam or air pipe, by which the piston may
be adjusted for starting. This arrangement may be modified by connecting
the oscillating or vibrating shaft to a slotted link attached to the saw frame,
the said slot being provided with the necessary inclines for acting upon the
shaft at the proper intervals for giving motion to the valve.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE DISTILLATION OF PARAFFINE AND PETROLEUM OR OTHER HYDROCARBON OILS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cartwright Holmes and
Jno. Wm. Perkins at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 4th September 1866.
We, WILLIAM CARTWRIGHT HOLMES and JNO. Wм. PERKINS, of 56, Grace-
church Street, in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE DISTILLATION OF
PARAFFINE AND PETROLEUM OR OTHER HYDROCARBON OILS," to be as follows:-
We take the usual flated hemesphirical still, and in the interior thereof we fix
about midway a charging pipe to which is attached a self-acting cock, while
the neck of the still is carried through an intermediate condenser, and to
which the charging pipe is also attached. The condenser is provided also with
a self-acting cock to receive and maintain the charge so as to supply the still
and maintain one uniform level while at work with boiling oil. At the bottom
also is placed a pipe for the removal of any water that the oil may contain,
and thus prevent fouling and explosions. In the interior of the still is also
placed a pyrometer, self-acting, so that when the boiling point has risen to
any point previously determined on any further supply may be and is cut off.
The condenser being charged with oil charges the still and maintains the
chargo at the same level, thus obviating any burning or discoloring of the oil
and requiring little or no attention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN MOVABLE PARTS OF LOCOMOTIVE, STATIONARY, AND MARINE ENGINES
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Winter, of Leeds, in the County of York,
Sewing Machine Maker and General Machinist, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN MOVABLE PARTS OF LOCOMOTIVE, STATIONARY,
AND MARINE ENGINES."
Sealed the 3rd July 1866, and dated the 5th January 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Winter at the-
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th January 1866.
I, WILLIAM WINTER, of Leeds, in the County of York, Sewing Machine
Maker and General Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN MOVABLE PARTS OF LOCOMOTIVE,
STATIONARY, AND MARINE ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the joints of connecting rods, side links, slide
blocks, or other joints and movable connections of such engines, and consists
in applying one or two conical bushes on and betwixt the crank pin or other
pin and the said rod, link, block, or connection, which bushes are adjustable
by set screws or other suitable means. By means of this Invention a great
saving is effected in the cost of fitting and in the wear and tear of
such parts.