Improvements in Fasteners or Holders for Scarves, Neck-ties, Cravats, and the like, and in Additions to and in the Making- up of the said Scarves or Cravats.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Oct., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 26th June, 1894-Accepted, 28th July, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Fasteners or Holders for Scarves, Neck-ties,
Cravats, and the like, and in Additions to and in the Making-
up of the said Scarves or Cravats.
I, ROBERT KERRY MESSENT, trading as J. Hill and Company, of Mott Street,
St. Georges, in the City of Birmingham, Manufacturing Jeweller, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in fasteners or holders for scarves,
neck-ties, cravats and the like, and in additions to, and in the making up of, the
said scarves or cravats, and consists in the one part, in means for connecting
scarves, neckties and the like to the person, or retaining or securing the same in
position; in the second part, in the employment of a separate and detachable base
or foundation upon which the scarf proper is made up; in the third part, in the
means of making up the scarves, neck-ties and the like.
Thus the first part of my invention relates to the connecting, retaining or
securing the said articles in position, generally without the use of bands, secondly,
in employing an independent base or foundation upon which any odd stuff or
material can be made up into a tie, and thirdly, the means for making up a tie
upon the base or foundation constituting the second part of my invention.
In carrying out the first part of my invention, I provide the back of a tie with a
plate member, standing slightly away from the said back, and with the lower part
fixedly connected to the tie, or to a frame, base or foundation thereof.
Excentrically jointed to the upper part of the said plate member is a lever or
lever plate, having a stop directed from its inner face, and being limited in its
motion by the said stop taking into a radial slot in the said first named member.
Now the middle of the top of the plate member is vertically slotted or gapped,
whilst one side of the top of the excentrically jointed lever member or lever
plate is hook gapped, that is, the entrance to the said gap is partially choked
by an inwardly directed hook end, overhanging an inner enlarged part, struck
from the centre upon which the said lever member turns, with a radius equal
to the distance between the said centre and the bottom of the slot of the plate
member, so that when the said lever member is in its unfastening position, a
part of its gap, and the entrance thereof is coincident with the gap or slot of the
other member, but when the said lever member is in its fastening position, then the
hooked portion of the partially choked gap crosses the upper part of the gap of
the other member, and leaves a hole or opening sufficient only for the stem or neck
of a stud to lie within.
In connecting a cravat, open the gaps by turning the lever plate upon one side,
when the coincident gaps are capable of passing over the neck of a stud, then by
turning the lever plate to its normal and straight and locking position, the hooked
part at the entrance to the gap is brought over to the top of the gap, hence the
securing or locking of the cravat to the stud.
The releasing of the cravat is performed by placing part of the gap of the one
coincident with the whole of the gap of the other by the pulling of the lever plate
aside.
As a still further form of this part of my invention, I secure to the back of a
tie, a sheet metal plate, terminated at its upper part by a bifurcated or branched
end made clip-wise, and with part of the same formed into a loop, whose spring"
sides are terminated by leads. Thus the upper part of this plate has spring
members, or spring arms running parallel and close to each other and with the same

page_text: formed with semi loops coming opposite to each other, and with the entrance to
them being formed by a lead or mouth.
Now in attaching a tie to a collar stud, pass the lead or mouth of the spring top
part, which constitutes a clip, by a gentle pressure over the neck of the stud, when
the same snaps into and is circumferentially embraced by the loop, hence the spring
connection of the tie of the cravat to the stud.
I propose to make the said attachment means from sheet steel, and the spring
arms of the clip from out of the metal. of it, and which arms are twisted at right
angles to the general plane of the plate, which is secured, at its lower end, to
the tie.
In a still further form of my invention, I connect the said tie or cravat to the
stud in manner following:
I provide the base or foundation of the tie, or the back of the tie itself, with a
spring tongue plate, gapped at its upper part alike unto the plate member spoken
of in the first arrangement, and after the slot in the tongue plate has been passed
over the neck of the stud from its underside, an elastic loop attached to the lower
end of the said tongue plate or tie is then passed over the neck of the stud from its
back, hence the connection of the tie or cravat to the stud.
In carrying out a still further form of my invention in connection with a fastening
means, I employ a tongue member plate and a lever plate, fixed or fitted to the
back of a tie, and with the lever plate excentrically jointed to the tongue plate
which is affixed in an upright position nearly parallel to the back of the tie.
The lever plate is limited in its movement by a stop, whilst both plates have
piercings through them of the size of the head of the stud, and with a side of one
of the piercings cut out with a semi-circular scollop, and upon the opposite side of
the said piercing is a like scollop, so that on the fastener being closed, the said
scollops are presented to each other, and make practically a circular bole, which
forms the top to the embracing hole of a stud neck.
When the lever plate is in its open position, the circular holes of the size of the
head of the stud are coincident, hence allowing of the said coincident holes to be
passed onto the stud, then by closing the said fastening means, the said holes are
made to overlap each other, and make an opening of about the breadth of the neck
of the said stud.
In carrying out my invention of the second part, viz., the base or foundation upon
which a scarf or tie is made up, I proceed as follows:-1 take a frame, base or
foundation made from some thin sheet material, such as "xylonite" metal paper,
cardboard, papier-mache, vulcanite, or any suitable material, and make the same up
somewhat of the figure of a shield, and with the same bent or cambered, to the
curved figure of the breast of a person.
This said frame is of about the size of the body of a tie or cravat to be made,
and is provided at its back with a tongue plate, of about the depth of the frame,
and with the lower end of the same being made fast to the frame by rivetting or
otherwise, although the said frame and tongue plate, whose free and upper end
comes to or approaches the upper boundary edge of the sheet frame, may be made
all in one piece, by cutting the whole out from a blank and then folding the one
upon the other when in a warm and soft state.
Now there is thus formed a front frame part, and a spring tongue back part,
with a free end of the latter coming to the top of the edge of the former, and
forming one with another a spring clip, or a material holding clamping device,
between which said parts, part of the material forming a tie or cravat is first placed
in the making up of the same.
I wish it to be understood that I may employ any form of spring clip or opening
clip at the back of the frame, so that the same constitutes or forms with the frame
a clamping or material holding medium.
According to the third part of my invention, I make up a cravat upon the said
frame, base or foundation plate, which may be pierced if necessary, and I take any
odd or other piece of fabric, preferably of a breadth somewhat less than twice the

page_text: depth of the frame, and of a sufficient length that the ends or parts lying outside.
the said frame, shall fold diagonally across each other and be disposed downwards.
to any length as required.
Thus, I take a piece of fabric, and pass the middle part of one side of the same
between the tongue plate and frame; then fold the fabric forward upon the front
of the said frame, with the whole of the top edge coming lignable, and making as
it were, a broad band.
Now fold one of the end parts diagonally across the fabric disposed upon the
front of the said frame. This done then fold diagonally the other end part or
side upon the front fabric upon the said frame part, also crossing and upon the fabric
of the other side, heuce a cravat made upon a separate frame which is used for
any number of ties required to be made up.
A great advantage is that when the fabric is become soiled by wear it can be
removed from the base or frame and new or clean fabric made up upon it.
Further the fabric (which is in a broad strip) after removal is capable of
being readily washed, calendered, got-up or the like, and if
upon the frame or base.
necessa
essary re-made up
I may employ in conjunction with the foundation frame, plate or the like, a
spike or spikes or a clip or clips, for preventing the fabric from creeping or changing
its position upon the said frame when made up, or the said frame may be pierced
and an ordinary dress or other pin stuck through the fabric.
Dated this 2nd day of October 1893.
ROBERT KERRY MESSENT,
By Henry Skerrett,
Agent for Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Fasteners or Holders for Scarves, Neck-ties,
Cravats, and the like, and in Additions to and in the Making-
up of the said Scarves or Cravats.
I, ROBERT KERRY MESSENT, trading as J. Hill and Company, of Mott
Street, St. Georges, in the City of Birmingham, Manufacturing Jeweller, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in fasteners or holders for scarves, neck-
ties, cravats and the like, and to additions to, and in the making up of, the said
scarves or cravats, and consists in the one part, in means for connecting scarves,
neckties and the like to the person, or retaining or securing the same in position ;
in the second part, in the employment of a separate and detachable base or
foundation upon which the scarf proper is made up, and in the third part, in the
means of making up the scarves, neckties and the like.
Thus the first part of my invention relates to the connecting, retaining or
securing the said articles in position, generally without the use of bands;
secondly, in employing an independent base or foundation upon which any odd stuff
or material can be made up into a tie, and thirdly, the means of making up a tie
upon the base or foundation constituting the second part of my invention.
In carrying out the first part of my invention, I provide the back of a tie with
a plate member, standing slightly away from the said back, and with the lower
part fixedly connected to the tie, or to a frame, base or foundation thereof.
Excentrically jointed to the upper part of the said plate member is a lever or
lever plate, having a stop directed from its inner face, and being limited in ita
motion by the said stop taking into a radial slot in the said first named member.

page_text: Now the middle of the top of the plate member is vertically slotted or
gapped, whilst one side of the top of the excentrically jointed lever member
or lever plate is hook-gapped, that is the entrance to the said gap is partially
choked by an inwardly directed hook end, overhanging an inner enlarged
part, which may be struck from the centre upon which the said lever member
turus, with a radius equal to the distance between the said centre and the bottom
of the slot of the plate member, so that when the said lever member is in its
unfastening position, a part of its gap, and the entrance thereof is coincident with
the gap or slot of the other member, but when the said lever member is in its
fastening position, then the hooked portion of the partially choked gap crosses the
upper part of the gap of the other member. and leaves a hole or opening sufficient
only for the stem or neck of a stud to lie within.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawing represents a back elevation of a cravat,
having securing means, and made up, in accordance with one form of my
invention.
The attachment or securing means is shown in its open position, or in the
position which it assumes before it is connected to the stud or button of a shirt,
front or the like.
Figure 2 represents a like view of the fastener part as Figure 1, but upon an
enlarged scale.
Figure 3 represents a vertical section of Figure 2 upon the dotted lines x-x.
Figure 4 represents a front elevation of the scarf, shown in the act of being
connected to the stud or button of a shirt or collar.
Figure 5 represents an elevation of the front of the scarf, with the middle part
broken away, and with the fabric secured to the carrier or base by the insertion of
a pin through a puckered part coming through an opening in its front, in lieu of
the fabric being secured by pin points.
The same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in Figures 1 to 5.
a is a tongue plate, connected at its lower end by rivets or otherwise, to a
separate foundation plate b, and jointed at c³, to the upper and free end a¹, of the
said plate a, is a lever plate c, carrying a stop pin c', which takes into a radial
slot a², cut within the plate a, which has at the back of it, a point or prong
plate d, with the points or prongs overhanging the opening 6', made through the
foundation or base plate b.
The plate a also carries a spring catch plate e, with an indent e³, made within it,
engaging within an opening c', when the plate c, is coincident with the plate a,
which has a long stud slot or gap a³, at the middle of its upper end, which is
opened and blocked by a hook-shaped slot et, formed in the upper end c³, of the
lever and fastening plate c.
In connecting a cravat, open the gap a³, by turning the lever plate c, upon one
side, when a part of the hooked gap c³, becomes coincident with the gap a³, thus
admitting of the said gaps passing over the neck of a stud, then by turning the
lever plate c, to its normal and straight and locking position, the hooked part at
the entrance to the gap c', is brought over to the top of the gap a³, and the
opening ³, is taken under the indent e³, coming upon the underside of the spring
catch e, hence the securing or locking of the cravat to the stud.
The releasing of the cravat is performed by placing part of the gap c
coincident with the whole of the gap a, by the pulling of the lever plate c,
aside.
To secure the fabric covering the base b, pull the same slightly-forward through
the opening, when it is prevented from returning by the spikes of the plate d,
sticking into it.
As a still further form of this part of my invention, I secure to the back of a tie,
a sheet metal plate, terminated at its upper part by a bifurcated or branched end
made clip-wise, and with part of the same formed into a loop, whose spring sides
are terminated by leads. Thus the upper part of this plate has spring members,
or spring arms running parallel and close to each other and with the same formed

page_text: with semi loops coming opposite to each other, and with the entrance to them being
formed by a lead or mouth.
Figure 6 represents a back elevation of a cravat attachment means
described.
as last
c is a spring plate, cranked at its lower end to the base plate b, and having at its
upper end, spring arms or clips c'.
In attaching a tie to a collar stud, pass the lead or mouth of the spring arms c',
which constitutes a clip, by a gentle pressure over the neck of the stud, when the
same snaps into and is circumferentially embraced by the loop, hence the spring
connection of the tie or the cravat to the stud.
I propose to make the said attachment means from sheet steel, and the spring
arms of the clip from out of the metal of it, and these arms may be twisted at
right angles to the general plane of the plate, which is secured, at its lower end,
to the tie.
In a still further form of my invention, I take a base or foundation plate, having
secured at the back of it a tongue plate, gapped at the middle of its upper part
for taking upon the neck of a stud as hereinafter described. Attached to the
lower part of the tongue plate, or both tongue and base plates, is an elastic band,
which takes over the neck of the stud, prior to the gap in the tongue being passed
over the said neck.
Figure 7 represents such a connection as described.
a is a tongue plate, attached at its lower end to a base plate b, and having the
lower edge provided with gaps b', into which one part of an elastic band f, enters,
whilst the other part of the said band passes over the neck of the stud i, prior to
the gap a³, being passed over the said neck, on the securing of a cravat, tie or the
like, carried by the base b, to a person.
In carrying out a still further form of my invention in connection with a fastening
means, I employ a tongue member plate and a lever plate, fixed or fitted to the
back of a tie, and with the lever plate excentrically jointed to the tongue plate,
which is affixed in an upright position, nearly parallel to the back of the tie.
The lever plate is limited in its movement by a stop, whilst both plates have
piercings through them of the size of the head of a stud.
Figure 8 represents a back elevation of this last-described cravat carrier.
c is a tongue member, jointed at cl, to the upper part of a plate a, secured at its
lower part to the base or foundation b. c is a piercing in the plate c, and a³ is a
piercing in the plate a. is a stud carried by the plate c, and taking into a radial
slot a in the plate a.
When the lever plate c, is in its turned-aside position, the circular holes a³, c', of
the size of the head of the stud are coincident, hence allowing the said coincident
holes to be passed onto the stud, then by closing the said fastening means, the said
holes are made to overlap each other, and make an opening of about the breadth of
the neck of the said stud as represented.
In carrying out my invention of the second part, viz., the base or foundation
upon which a scarf or tie is made up, I proceed as follows:-I take a frame, base
or foundation made from some thin sheet material, such as "xylonite," metal, paper,
cardboard, papier-mache, vulcanite, or like substance, and make the same up
somewhat of the figure of a shield bent or cambered to the curved figure of the
breast of a person.
This said frame is of about the size of the body of a tie or cravat to be made,
and is provided at its back with a tongue plate, as aforesaid, of about the depth of
the frame, and with the lower end of the same being made fast to the said frame by
rivetting or otherwise, although the said frame and tongue plate, whose free and
upper end comes to or approaches the upper boundary edge of the sheet frame, may
be made all in one piece, by cutting the whole out from a blank, and then folding
the one upon the other when in a warm and soft state.
There is thus formed a front frame part and a tongue back part, with the free
end of the latter coming to the top edge of the former and forming with the front

page_text: part, a bifurcated member, between which the material to form the tie or cravat is
"held, in making up the same.
I wish it to be understood that I may employ any form of spring clip or opening
clip at the back of the frame, so that the same constitutes or forms, with the frame,
a clamping or material-holding medium.
According to the third part of my invention, in making up a cravat upon the
said frame, base or foundation plate which may be pierced, necessary, I take any
odd or other piece of fabric, preferably of a breadth somewhat less than twice
the depth of the frame, and of a sufficient length that the ends or parts lying
outside the said frame shall fold diagonally across each other and be disposed
.downwards to any length as required.
Thus, I take a piece of fabric, and pass the middle part of one side of the same
between the tongue plate and frame; then fold the fabric forward upon the front of
the said frame, with the whole of the top edge coming lignable, and making as it
were, a broad band.
Now I fold one of the end parts diagonally across the fabric disposed upon the
front of the said frame. This done, then fold diagonally the other end part or side
upon the front fabric upon the said frame part, also crossing, and upon the fabric of
the other side, hence a cravat made upon a separate frame which is used for any
number of ties required to be made up.
A great advantage is that when the fabric has become soiled by wear, it can be
removed from the base or frame and new or clean fabric made up upon it.
Further, the fabric (which is in a broad strip) after removal is capable of being
readily washed, calendered, got-up or the like, and if necessary remade up upon the
frame or base.
I may employ in conjunction with the foundation frame, plate or the like, a spike
or spikes or a clip or clips, for preventing the fabric from creeping or changing its
position upon the said frame when made up, or the said frame may be pierced and
an ordinary dress or other pin stuck through the fabric, as before described and
represented in Figures 2, 3 and 5.
Figure 9 represents how the material is first laid upon the base or foundation
plate, prior to the end parts being diagonally crossed into the positions represented
in the dotted lines.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner, the same is to be perforined, I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. Securing cravats, neckties and the like to the person, or to the stud or
button of a shirt or other article, by the means and in the way substantially as
described and set forth in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4.
:
Secondly. In means for securing cravats, neckties and the like to the person, the
combination with a frame or a separate frame b, of a gapped tongue plate a, a³, and
a lever plate c, c, jointed to the said plate a, at c³, substantially as described and set
forth in Figures 1 to 4.
Thirdly. In a cravat, necktie or the like, employing in connection with the
:same, a separate frame or base plate b, substantially as described and set forth.
Fourthly. In means for securing cravats, neckties and the like to the person, the
combination with a separate frame or base plate b, having a piercing 6, of a prong
plate d, with the prongs of the same overhanging the said piercing, substantially as
and for the purpose as described and set forth.
Fifthly. The means for securing cravats, neckties and the like to the person, or
to the stud or button of a shirt or other garment, substantially as described and set
forth in Figure 6.
Sixthly. The means for securing cravats, neckties and the like to the person, or
to the stud or button of a shirt or other garment, substantially as described and set
.forth in Figure 7.
Seventhly. The means for securing cravats, neckties and the like to the person,

page_text: 5
or to the stud or button of a shirt or other garment, substantially as described and.
set forth in Figure 8.
Eighthly. The means for making cravats, neckties and the like from odd lengths-
or pieces of fabric, substantially as described and set forth.
Dated this 24th day of June 1894.
ROBERT KERRY MESSENT,
By Henry Skerrett,
6, Livery Street, Birmingham, Agent for Applicant.