IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND METHODS OF EXTEND- AND COMPRESSING ARTICLES OF FURNITURE AND DOMESTIC USE, ALSO APPLICABLE TO CUTLERY, WORKMEN'S TOOLS,WINDOWS BLINDS, SHUTTERS, AND SIMILAR USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1846

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
CHINNOCK, of Cook's Ground, Chelsea, in County of Middlesex, Gentleman,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twelfth day of January, One thousand eight hundred and forty-
six, in the ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto the Charles Chinnock, Her especial license, full
power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Charles Chinnock, my
exors, adñiors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles Chinnock,
my exors, adiiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with and no others,
from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also within all Her said
Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, including the Channel Islands, my
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND METHODS OF EXTEND-
AND COMPRESSING ARTICLES OF FURNITURE AND DOMESTIC USE, ALSO
APPLICABLE TO CUTLERY, WORKMEN'S TOOLS, WINDOWS BLINDS, SHUTTERS, AND
SIMILAR USEFUL PURPOSES;" in which said Latters Patent is contained a
proviso that I, the said Charles Chinnock, shall cause a particular description
of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be enrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within

page_text: six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the saine, reference being thereunto had,
will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Charles Chinnock, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is fully described
and ascertained in the following statements and descriptions thereof, reference
being had to the several Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and
letters marked thereon, that is to say :-
From the simplicity of the forms of a great portion of the improved articles
the Drawings alone will be sufficient for a practical. person perfectly to under-
stand my new methods and improvements, but, that in order to give the best
information in my power, I have divided the several improved or constructed
articles, and drawn the Plans and Specification of the same under thirteen
heads or claims,
The first of which relates to a new construction of a music stool, in which
the height of the stool is regulated by the action of a spiral or worm spring
placed in the hollow of the inner pillar to which the seat is attached, controlled
by a shouldered lever with a bolt or stop pin thereon, fixed to the inside of the
outer pillar, which lever is forced forward by the action of a small lever spring
fixed behind it on the inside of the outer pillar. The bolt or stop pin works
into holes formed on the side of the inner pillar, and the lever is moved. by
a rod passing through the block of the stool, and through the pedal fixed
thereto, at the lower side of which it is fastened by a screw nut. The pedal
is worked by the foot, and obviates the necessity of rising from the stool to
adjust its beight, as is the case with such articles as at present manufactured,
and superseding the use of the ordinary screw; or the same can be accom-
plished by the spring and pedal with a different controlling apparatus, as in
my second method, herein-after described. Also the application of the same
combinations, or either of them, to music stands, fire-screens, and bed tables,
all which will be well understood by a practical man from the following
descriptions, reference being had to the Drawings referred to and hereunto
annexed.
Plan 1, Division 1.-Figure 1 is the inner square pillar of a music stool,
having the seat attached. One side of the upper part of this pillar is pierced
with holes, which may be done in the wood, but I prefer to fix a brass or
iron plate thereon. The lower part of this pillar is formed hollow to receive
the spiral or worm spring, shewn at A. Figure 2 is the outer pillar or pedestal
and foot of the stool, hollowed to receive the square of the inner pillar, which

page_text: is closely fitted to it, and having in the centre a pin or plug of wood or
metal B, which goes into the spiral or worm spring in the inner inner pillar,
shown at A, Figure 1, when the parts of the stool are put together. C is the
pedal, screwed or hinged to the bottom of the block of the stool. One side
of the outer pillar or pedestal is made detached, as shewn at Figure 3, dowled,
so that when it is slipped into the collor at the bottom of the pillar, Figure 2,
it can be fastened at the top by a brass brand screwed round the pillar, by
which repairs, if needed, may be easily made, and any disarrangement remedied.
The detached part, Figure 3, has a groove D formed in it to receive the
shoulder and lever E, or it is let into the block, which lever has a pin or bolt
formed on it. Figure 4 shews the same detached part, but in this the small
lever spring F attached to the groove at back of the lever E, is shewn, the.
action of which, when the parts of the stool are put together, is constantly
forcing the pin on the lever into one or other of the holes formed on the side
of the inner pillar, Figure 1, and secures the stool at the required height.
To the lower end of the lever E is attached the rod G, which is hooked at the
upper end into a hole in the shoulder of the lever, and is sufficiently long to
reach down the whole length of the groove and pass through the block and the
pedal, to the bottom of which it is fastened by a screw nut. When the
weight of the foot is applied to the pedal the rod is drawn down and pulls
the lever back, which, by compressing the small lever spring in the groove,
withdraws the pin or bolt from the hole in the inner pillar and releases the
spiral or worm spring A in Figure 1, which forces the inner pillar upwards,
and the stool may thus be adjusted to the height required, and the foot being
then withdrawn from the pedal the pin on the lever is again forced into the
opposite hole of the inner pillar, and the stool is held firmly. The detached
part of the inner pillar containing the lever spring and rod I prefer to place at
the back of the stool, and to pierce the holes on the corresponding side of the
inner pillar, which renders the action of the spiral or worm spring more steady,
and the stool altogether more firm. The spiral or worm spring must be of
sufficient strength when compressed to impel the weight of the inner pillar and
seat upwards with some force. I find that springs made of the best charcoal
ron, of wire No. 6, and wound round a mandrel of one and a quarter inches
n diameter, and thirteen inches long, answer the purpose well, but a practical
person will have no difficulty in adapting the power of spring to any descrip-
ion of article. When increased power is required a tube of metal may be
made to pass through the raised block of the stool to the ground, and a spring
of greater power can then be applied, but when this is the case the pedal must
e differently made in shape, or be applied in a different direction.
The

page_text: several parts of the stool are made and put together in the usual way, which
is well understood. It will be scen that such spiral or worm spring being
placed in the hollow of the inner pillar, and applied as described in the cavity
of the outer pillar, a sufficient weight, as of a person sitting on the seat, will
compress the spring, and that immediately the weight or pressure is removed
the inner pillar must rise to any extent the power of the spring and the cou-
struction of the stool will allow. That this action may not be too sudden, and
to fix it securely at any intermediate height, the holes in the inner pillar and
the lever pin and spring fixed to the detached part of the outer pillar are
applied, and it will be found that by pressing the foot on the pedal and slightly
releaving the stool from the weight on it, the height may be adjusted with
perfect ease and convenience to the sitter.
Having described the construction which on the whole I prefer, I will now
state my second method by which the same object can be accomplished. The
spiral or worm spring is in this method applied in the cavity of the outer pillar,
and the inner pillar, the lower part of which is turned round, is placed therein.
and the shoulder or square part pierced with the holes rests on the spring, so
that the weight of a person being applied the spring is compressed and the
seat of the stool is lowered, and can be adjusted to any required height by
means of the pedal rod, chain, pulley, spring, and bolt, applied as herein-after
described equally as in the first method before stated. Figure 5 is the outer
pillar or pedestal, and foot of a stool, and shews the spiral spring in the
lower part of the cavity, with the pillar H pierced with holes and turned round
at the lower end applied, the rounded part going into the spiral or worm spring,
and the shoulder of the square part resting 'on the spring. Figure 6 shows
my second method of controlling the power of the spring. I is a bolt working
through a plate fixed to the inside of the detached part of the outer pillar,
shewn at J, and K is a small spiral or worm spring round the bolt,
working in a hole in the thickness of the detached part of the outer pillar,
which bolt is connected with the chain L, working over a pulley wheel
in the plate M, screwed to the outer side of the detached part of the
outer pillar; which chain is fastened to the rod N, which passes down the
groove, and through the block and pedal, and is fastened as in the first method
described. The pressure of a foot on the pedal draws down the rod and chain,
which pulls back the bolt, and compresses the spiral spring, leaving the spring
in the pedestal free to act, and when the seat is raised or depressed to the
height required, by withdrawing the foot from the pedal, the smaller spring K
in Figure 6 forces the pin or bolt into the hole in the inner pillar then opposite
to it, and secures the seat, as in the first method.

page_text: Figures 7, 8, and 9 severally shew a music stand, fire screen, and bed table,
with the same combination applied. From the description of my methods given
above in relation to a music stool, a practical man will well understand their
construction, and will be able without difficulty to apply springs of the proper
power to such articles. I will here mention that my Invention relates to the
use of the spiral or worm spring for the purposes herein described, and to the
combinations of pedal, rack, bolt, and spring, also herein described, however
applied, in connection with a spiral or worn spring to such or similar articles.
The second head or claim of my Invention relates to improvements in the
construction of waterclosets, by employing a pedal to be used by the foot instead
of the usual handle, and a spiral or worm spring placed on the end of the bar,
which goes through the heel of the pedal into a corresponding hole in the floor,
round which end or pin of the bar the spiral or worm spring is placed, so that
when the pedal is pressed down by the foot the pin is forced into the hole in
the floor, and the spiral or worm spring is compressed between the pedal and
the floor, by which means the opening and shutting of the closet, and the supply
of water for cleaning it, is performed. Also to a second method, by means of
the pedal lever and weight, without the spiral spring. And also to the altered
combination of the machinery herein described, and the placing such machinery
behind and at one end instead of in the front, by which the riser or front of
the closet may be placed as close as required to the pan, and sufficient room
left behind to inspect and repair the machinery by merely removing the seat,
without disturbing the walls or the flooring. The construction and action of
the common watercloset is so well known that it will be only necessary for
me to point out the nature and advantages of my improvements, and refer to
the Drawings annexed hereto to make them fully understood.
Plan 1, Division 2.-Figure 1 is a back and end view of a watercloset,
with my improvements applied. There is no alteration in the pan, nor
in the iron part of the body of the closet. My improvements consist in
applying a pedal to be worked by the foot, as shewn at Figure 1, A, with
the bar B passing through the beel in the pedal into a corresponding
hole in the floor. On the end of this bar, and between the pedal and
the floor, I place the spiral or worm spring C, and the pressure of the
foot upon the pedal, by forcing the pin into the hole in the floor, and com-
presses the spring, dragging down the bar B, which is shouldered to the lever,
which action lifts the bar D, D, D, by which the closet and water valve are
opened; and when the foot is removed the action of the spring forces up the
pedal and rod B, which acting on the lever E, instantly closes the pan, preventing
the possibility of the escape of effluvium. by the closet being left open or im-

page_text: perfectly closed, as frequently happens when the handle is used, as in the
ordinary construction of such articles.
My second method, by which the same end is accomplished, is shewn in
Figure 2. Instead of the spiral or worm spring I apply a weight to the end
of the lever, as shewn at F. In all other respects the closet and the machinery
are the same. Figure 3 is a front view of the closet when fitted up for use.
The pedal is shewn at the right-hand side, but the machinery can be arranged so
that the pedal can be placed at either side. From the simplicity of either of
these methods the machinery can scarcely get out of order until some portion
of it is worn out, which will be a work of considerable time. My improvements
can be applied to any description of watercloset in use; and I would have it
understood that my Invention relates to the use of a pedal and spiral spring,
or a pedal with any some other mechanical arrangement like that described in
my second method in connection with a pedal to be moved by the foot to such
articles, and also to the altered arrangement of the machinery by which the
improvements herein described are applied.
The third head or claim of my Invention relates to the application of ball
and socket joints, controlled by spiral or worm springs, to looking-glasses and
.other articles of furniture, which consists of,-First, a small plate of metal,
with a ball fixed thereon, having a slot in it, with a tapped pin fastened
therein, which pin passes through a hole in a socket made to fit the ball, and
having a deep rim or flange at the top, pierced to fasten it to the glass or
other article. On this pin, and against the bottoin of the socket, I place a
spiral or worm spring, and screw a nut on the tapped end of the pin, which
compresses the spiral or worm spring against the bottom of the socket, and
the action of the spring drags the ball into the socket, and the slot in the ball
allows a perpendicular or horizontal motion, according as the slot is placed in
screwing it to the article, controlled by the action of the spring, as before
mentioned. Also the the application of two like balls and sockets and a
spring, by which arrangement a horizontal as well as a perpendicular motion.is
obtained. Also to a wheel or knuckle joint, by which a single motion of the
same kind is obtained. Also to a ball and socket joint, in which, by forming
a cup or hollow in the ball, a perpendicular, horizontal, and circular motion is
accomplished. Also to another joint, in which all the above motions are
obtained, all which methods are controlled by the spiral or worm spring, as
herein-after described. Also to the construction of standards.or pedestals for
looking-glasses, screens, and music stands, by which they can be raised or
lowered by means of a spiral or worm spring placed in a hollow in the the
lower pedestal or pillar, controlled by a rack and catch, as herein-after

page_text: described; and also to applying a strip or piece of vulcanized india rubber, gutta
percha, or some other equally elastic substance, instead of the spiral spring and
rack and catch. Looking-glasses, fire-screens, and muis-stands, to combine
all the advantages requisite, should be so constructed as to admit of being
casily and quickly placed in any position and at any height or angle of inclina-
tion. My Invention will be found to attain in a great measure these desirable
objects, without a necessity of adjusting the same by stops or bolts requiring
management, and to remain firmly fixed at pleasure, all which will be well
understood from the following descriptions, reference being had to the Draw-
ings referred to and bereunto annexed.
Plan 1, Division 3.-Figure 1 shews my first method of ball and socket
joint. A is plate to which the ball is fixed, having screwholes in it to fix it
to the back of a looking-glass, the disk of a screen, or music-stand or easel.
B is a ball, with a slot cut in it, in which slot is fixed the pin C, tapped at the
end. D is a socket or cup in which the ball works, having a rim or flange
with screwholes therein. E is a spiral or worn spring placed around the pin
after the cup is put on. F is a nut screwed on to the tap of the piu, and
secures and compresses the spring, or I use a thumb-screw instead of the nut,
the action of which drags the ball into the socket. The whole is here shewn
put together, and from the simplicity of the arrangement it is not deemed
uccessary to shew the several parts detached. Having screwed the plate A to
a looking-glass or other article, the other end is placed in a hollow formed in
the pedestal of the glass, screen, or casel, and screwed thereto by the flange
of the socket or cup. A practical man will without difficulty ascertain the
power of spring necessary for various sizes of glasses, and for screens, music-
stands, and easels; or to obtain a horizontal as well as a perpendicular motion
I combine two like ball and socket joints with one spiral spring in the same
article, as shewn put together at Figure 20. Figs. 13 & 15 are two balls
like the one first described, and Figure 14 & 16 two sockets or cups, which
they screw into the small brass tube Fig. 17. Having screwed in one of the
ball and socket joints, the spiral spring, Fig. 18, is applied, and the larger
brass tube, Fig. 19, is put over the spring and screwed to the socket, which is
tapped to receive it. The other ball and socket joint is then screwed in, com-
pressing the spring and making all secure. Care must be taken that when the
whole is screwed together the slot in one ball is horizontal and that in the
other perpendicular.
My second method of accomplishing the up and down or a horizontal motion
is by a wheel or knucle joint, and a spiral or worm spring, controlled by a
thumb-screw, as shown at Figure 29, and the parts seperately at Figures 24,

page_text: 25, 26, and 27. In applying this it will be seen that the thumb-screw end
must go quite through the pillar of the article.
My third method, by which I obtain a perpendicular, horizontal, and circular
motion in one article, is shewn at Figure 5. G is a cup or hollow formed in
the ball. His the socket, I, the spring, K, the pin, and L the nut confining
the ball to the socket. In this combination the nut must be riveted to the
pin, the circular mation having a tendency to unscrew and loosen it.
My fourth method, by which the same motions are obtained as in the third
method, is shewn at Figure 12. Figure 6 is a tube, having on on the inside
at one end a rim upon which the ball Fig. 8 rests, and is prevented thereby
from falling through. In this tube upon the ball I drop the small cup Fig. 9,
and the spring Fig. 10 is then placed on it, and the end of the tube being
tapped, the nut I formed on the plate of metal Fig. 11 is screwed on and
keeps the ball firmly in place. In this arrangement the ball and the socket
should be of different metals to prevent friction. Figures 4, 28, & 30 shew
one of the above combinations of ball joint applied to a looking-glass, a fire-
screen, and a music-stand. The parts of the pedestal of the glass are shewn
detached at Figures 2 & 3.
I will now describe my methods of constructing such articles so that they
may be raised or lowered at pleasure. Figure 23 is the pedestal of a glass
hollowed to receive the spiral spring and the pin formed on the stand, with a
slot in it, to the sides of which a rack is fitted or formed. Figure 2 is a
solid inner pillar which has a screwhole at the lower end, and when placed in
the outer pillar, Figure 28, the catch or trigger K, also shewn detached at
Figure 22, is screwed into the hole through the slot, & the action of the spiral
spring can be controlled, and the glass, screen, or music-stand be placed and
retained at any required height. When the spiral spring is used as here
described, to prevent accidents I form a collor L at the bottom of the outer
tube or pedestal, Figure 23, and when this is put on the pin formed on the
stand Figure 23, I apply another larger collor, and screw it to the stand, but
also make them without springs or rack, with a movable pillar, as shewn in
Figures 2, 3, & 4; or I make them with the rack and catch without the
spring, substituting in place thereof a strip or piece of the article known by
the name of vulcanized india rubber, or gutta percha, or other equally elastic
substance, fastening one end to the inside of the hollow outer pillar, and the
other to the side of the inner or upper pillar.
I would have it understood that I do not claim any of the mechanical parts
of the combinations above described, separately considered; but what I claim is,
the combinations of ball joints and knuckle joints with looking-glasses and

page_text: other articles of furniture as above described, and also the combination of rack
catch and spring with such articles.
The fourth head or claim of my Invention relates to a new construction of
recumbent invalid bed and portable chairs, in which the seat and back are
adjusted to the convenience of the person using it without any effort, by means
of the weight of the body acting upon two spiral or worm springs working on
rods in the bottom framework of the chair, and two pins on the framework of
the back of the chair, working in slots in the framework of the back rails of
the chair, and rollers or wheels on the front rail of the chair, upon which the
seat moves, by means of which combination the scat accomodates itself to any
position the sitter wishes to place himself in, without the precipitate motion
attending the partial accomplishment of the same results by any of the many
different arrangements. Ordinarily chairs of this description are too bulkey
to admit of easy removal, and the machinery is so complicated that great
cost is involved in the manufacture, and is, moreover, subject to be casily
disarranged in its parts.
My Invention, simple in its construction, and not requiring any stop or
handle, can be placed at any convenient inclination at the pleasure of the
person using it. When made with the legs to screw in, it possesses
the great advantage of portability, and can be packed in a box two feet
square and fourteen inches deep, and can be made into a bed six feet four
inches long, without the slightest trouble, and the pads on the arms, by turning
over on hinges, may be made to form small tables. Also to a chair especially
intended for invalids and surgecal purposes having a movable hinged part in
the framework of the back, and a hinged or knuckle-jointed back, in addition
to the combination before-described, stopped by a bolt or pin, or by the
application of a toothed arc, and the Archimedian screw, as applied to my
portable easel, described in the eighth head or claim of this Specification. My
methods of constructing the same will be fully understood by a practical
chairmaker from the following descriptions, referrenco being had to the
Drawings referred to and hereunto annexed: The ordinary easey chair has
a fixed centre in the back and a rising seat, or is connected by a rail from
side to side, the back reclining on such rail, combined with stops and catches,
or the back is connected with a toothed are or quadrant affixed to the side
arms or pads of the chair The use of these expensive complications are
rendered unnecessary by my method of forming a movable centre in the back,
and a sliding seat, the pins on the centre moving up and down in slots on the
inside of the back rail.

page_text: Plan 1, Division 4.-Figure 1 is an arm or side rail of one of my easy
recumbent chairs: A is a slot which can be protected from friction by a brass
or iron plate formed on the inside thereof, and may also be toothed to hold the
back in any position it is placed in. The back shewn at Figure 2 has two pro-
jecting pins of wood or metal B, .B, formed or fixed thereon. To this back,
I glue, dowl, or screw a piece of beach or other hard wood, with holes therein,
as shewn at C, to receive the two rollers shewn at Figure 3, D, D. This
piece of wood connects the back with the movable seat of the chair by a
movable or common but or lap hinge (the movable is best adapted for porta-
bility), as shewn at Fig. 2, E, which scat runs on the rollers D, D, in
Figure 3. connecte:l with the front and back framing. The ends fastened to the
front of the framing I prefer to be tapped, so as to screw into the same, which
affords facilities for packing; but they may be fixed in a variety of ways by
glueing, &c., all which is well understood by the practical workman, and does
not require to be explained here. The movable seat works on two rollers or
wheels let into the top part of the front of the framing to prevent friction, and
to give free motion to the seat. These rollers may be made of wood or metal,
but I usually make them in wood. Or the same object may be effected by a
tongue and groove rabbietted; but I prefer to use the rollers as being more
convenient and less expensive. Figure 3 shews the spiral or worm springs on
the rollers D, D, which springs are stopped by pins, wedges, or screws at a
suitable distance from the front part or end of the rollers to control the springs,
or the same may be done by substituting a cross piece working on a centre tapped
rod, as shewn at Figure 2 with nut I, or the springs may be the entire length
of the sticks or rollers, and the power can be arranged by varying the size and
strength of the springs. I have found the ordinary spiral or worm spring made
of the best charcoal iron, No. 6 or 7, turned on a mandrel of one inch and
a half diameter, and about eighteen inches long, stopped about two inches from
the front rail, answer well for general purposes. When the springs are so
stopped and half compressed, which causes the seat to project two and a half
inches over the front rail, the pins or bolts formed on the back frame will be
about half way down the slots, and brings the back to about an angle of 67°.
The arms are so arranged and hinged as to form two small tables by turning
over the pads, as shewn in Figure 3 and 4. Figures 4 and 5 shew a chair
of the same construction, with my additional combination of a hinged movable
back, and a knuckle joint and stop, or rack and screw. This chair is intended
for invalids who may require to undergo surgical operation. F, F, is a
knuckle joint made in the usual way at each side of the frame of the back, or

page_text: I use the common lap or butt hinge, by which it can be fixed at any inclina-
tion, and may be stopped by a bolt or pin, or by the application of a toothed arc
or segment, and the Archimedian screw, described in the eighth head or claim
of my Specification, as applied to my portable easel. G, G, is a separate piece
of framing fitted to the centre of the upper part of the back, which, by the
withdrawing of the bolt H, shewn at Figure 5, falls down, leaving an opening,
as shewn in Figures 4 and 5. By means of the joint before described the
back will turn over on the seat, and the legs being tapped can be removed and
this chair also made very portable. When made with this purpose the pads
should be made removable also, as shewn at Figure 6, except in the particulars
here mentioned. The combination of my secondly described chair is in every
respect the same as the one first described. I will here mention, that what I
claim is, the methods of constructing easy, recumbent, and invalid chairs, by
which the weight applied adjusts the seat and back of the chair to any desired
position by means of rollers and springs, as herein described, and with slots and
pins, as herein also described, or any modification of the same.
The fifth head or claim of my Specification relates to a new construction of
a mangle, in which the use of the cumbrous box and weights is superseded,
and the necessary pressure obtained by the application of spiral or worm
springs, a mere slab of wood being substituted instead, rendering the mangle
far lighter and more portable, which slab can be removed at pleasure and used
as a table or dresser. The mangle is worked by a handle, wheel, and chain,
&c. in the usual way, or any of the improved methods in common use can be
adopted, and are well known. By my new method an upward pressure.is
applied to the under side of the bed of the mangle by means of spiral or
worm springs; also to the use of hollow iron or brass rollers for putting the
linen or other article on, and to receive an inner cylinder for hot sand or water,
or a solid heater, which rollers may be electro-plated to prevent oxidation, or
wooden rollers can be used. The ordinary construction of mangles is well
known, and it will be only necessary for me to describe my improvements and
their application, referring to the Drawings hereunto annexed to enable a
practical person to understand and adapt my improvements.
Plan 2, Division 5.-Figure 1 shews my improvements applied to a mangle.
To obtain the motion I apply the method there shewn, or any other approved
one. A is a slab of wood, which I substitute for the ordinary box and weights.
This slab moves between the five small fixed revolving rollers B, B, B, B, B,
and the large wood or hollow iron or brass rollers C, C, which move along the
bed of the mangle D, which bed rests on the compressed spiral or worm
springs E, E, E, on the rail F, in Figure 2, also shewn detached at Figure 3,

page_text: the springs being controlled and compressed by nuts and screws working
through the rails into plates at the bottom of the bed of the mangle, and are
tightened or loosened by the handles shewn at G, G.
Figure 2 is an end view, and Figure 3 one of the springs and screws
detached. D is the bed of the mangle; E the spiral or worm spring,
and a circular iron plate. I is the shoulder of the screw, and F the
rail on which the spring rests, also shewn at F in Figure 2. J is the nut
of the screw. It will be seen that by turning the handles G, G, the spiral
or worm springs are compressed, giving an upward pressure against the
under side of the bed of the mangle. The rollers C, C, in Figure 1, are
formed hollow to receive an inner cylinder filled with hot water or heated sand
or a solid heater can be applied, and their outsides can be electro-plated to
prevent oxidation. For all ordinary purposes a mangle of from 6 feet long
by 4 feet wide will be found large enough, and the slab, when not in use as a
mangle, may be made to serve as a dresser or table. The number and power
of the springs must necessarily be adjusted to the size and weight of the mangle,
which a practical man will be able to do without. difficulty. I would have it
understood, that what I claim is the application of spiral or worm springs to
mangles, by which and the application thereto of screws and nuts, a regulated
pressure upwards is obtained, superseding the use of the cumbrous box and
weights now used, and also the application of hollow rollers for the purposes
herein described, or any modification thereof, however applied to such articles.
The sixth head or claim of my. Invention relates to new methods for
hanging curtains of windows, bedsteads, &c., by which the curtains can be
closed and opened by releasing or drawing down and fastening a single cord
hanging by the side of the window frame. The difficulty of doing this by the
common method of passing the rings over a rod merely, and the complication
and uncertainty of all the improvements thereon, will be readily admitted.
My improvement consists in using spiral or worm springs, either inside or on
the outside of a brass or other suitable metal tube, and the mechanical con-
trivance of slot, blocks, hooks and cord, arranged as herein-after described, or
any modification of such combination. My methods are so simple that a
slight description, reference being had to the Drawings annexed, cannot fail to
make them well understood. Also to the mechanical contrivance herein-after
described for hanging or suspending pictures, &c., by which the height can be
regulated without difficulty whilest hanging.
Plan 2, Division 6.-Figure 1 is a tube of brass or iron, about an inch and
a half in diameter, having a pulley at each end and a rod on the inside running
from end to end, as shewn at Fig. 2, and fixed at each end of the tube

page_text: when the cord springs and blocks are applied by ornamental knobs, or the rod
may be dispensed with altogether. The tube has also a slot in it running
nearly from end to end, as shewn at A, A, Figure 2. This tube contains two
spiral or worm springs on the rod, and also two blocks B & C, bored so as to
nove freely thereon and placed between the springs. The block B has
another hole bored in it, and has a hook fixed just above the hole, to which hook
the curtain cord is first fastened, and it has also another hook or pin which
works through the slot A. The cord having been passed over the pulley at
the left-hand end of the tube the rod is placed in and made fast at one end.
The spiral or worm spring for that end is then applied over the rod and cord,
and one end of the cord is then fastened to the block B, as described, and the
other end is passed through the hole in the same block, which is then put on
the rod. The cord is then knotted at as near as possible the whole length of
the tube, and is then run through the hole in the block C, which is then also
slid on to the rod, and both blocks can then be pulled into place. The other
spiral or worm spring is then applied over the rod and cord; the end of the
cord being passed over the pulley at the right-hand end, hangs down by the
side of the window frame for use as shewn, and the knob or ornament for
fixing the rod at that end is then screwed on. I sometimes use another
method which I will now describe.
Figure 3 is a brass or iron tube, with the spiral or worm springs round the
outside. The blocks and rod are the same as in the first, and the pulleys are
rove in like manner, and the pins fixed in the blocks protrude in like manner
through the slot in the tube. D is a is a rod on which the curtain rings are
placed. The pins or hooks on the blocks in both methods are made to lay
hold of the first ring of the curtains on each side, and they are drawn apart or
closed in the same manner as described in my first method.
this my second method I find to act with greater freedom and less noise than
when enclosed in the tube. It will be seen that the same methods can be
made to apply to the curtains of bedsteads, &c.
The spring in
I will now describe my improved method of hanging or suspending pictures
and such like articles, by which injury to the walls is in a great measure
avoided, and the pictures, &c. can be adjusted to any height after being
suspended, while this simple contrivance can be made very ornamental.
Fig. 4. E is a brass rod fixed round the room on movable brackets, as
shewn at F, F. G is a pulloy with a belt working on the rod. H is a cord
having two hooks I, I, attached to the end, which hook the two pins shewn at
the back of the picture. J is a tassel to hide the piece of wood or metal
K, K, through which the cord is passed, as shewn in Figure 4. By this

page_text: simple contrivance, and by lifting the picture slightly with one hand, and pulling
the tassel, the picture can be raised to any height with the greatest possible
ease, and can be retained at the height required. I will now add, that what I
claim is, first, the methods herein described for hanging curtains, and opening
and closing the same by the compression and expansion of spiral springs by
the means herein described in connection with such before-mentioned springs;
also the application of the mechanical contrivance and methods herein described
for hanging or suspending pictures, &c., and adjusting the same to any required
Leight, or any modification of the same applied to such purposes.
The seventh head or claim of my Invention relates to a new construction of
window frames for carriages, in which, by means of the application of a spiral or
worm spring in connection with a rack and catch, the window is safely put up
or down, and can be adjusted to any height; also to a window sash for houses,
by which the glass can be cleaned without getting to the outside; and also to
my combination of a spiral or worm spring, controlled by a rack and catch
applied to the frames of windows, by which the opening of the window can
be accomplished with great ease, and without the exertion of strength necos-
sary to windows of ordinary construction, all which will be well understood by
the following descriptions, reference being had to the Drawings referred to,
and hereunto annexed.
Plan 2, Division 7.-Figure 1 shews the inside of a carriage door with my
improvements applied. The window is represented as raised. B is a box
or tube formed in the framework of the door, in which is placed a spiral
or worm spring, as shewn. To the frame of the sash I fasten the plug A
cn a movable centre at the top, and the catch C, which can have an elegant
tassel attached to it, is fixed to this plug through the slot D, shewn at
Fig. 2, at the sides of which the rack E is formed. By bringing the catch
down the rack the plug compresses the spring, and the window is brought
clown, and when the catch is released from the rack, being still held in the
hand, the window can be adjusted to any height by the upward action of the
spring, and made fast by the catch and rack. In my second method I
dispense with the spiral spring and use the catch and rack, applying instead
a strip or piece of the article known by the name of vulcanized india rubber
or gutta p , or some other equally elastic substance, one end of which I
fasten to the top of the box of the frame, and the other to the plug A, to
which the catch is attached, so that drawing down the catch distends the
elastic material, and, by releasing the catch from pressure, the window is
+
raised by an easy motion

page_text: Having described my methods as regards the windows of carriages I will
now describe my construction of window sash and frame for houses. Figure 3
is a front view of the box or side of the frame, which in the common window
contains the weight and line, but in the divisions of which I place two spiral
or worm springs on sticks or rods, also fixed therein, as shewn. Figure 4 is
a window sash, one half of the right-hand side of which is formed detached,
and grooved to receive a tongue formed on the other half to make it weather-
tight; these parts are hinged together as shewn at F. F. When the spirial
springs are used at one side only, which with small sashes will be found
sufficient and to answer well, the left side is formed in one piece and laps into
a corresponding space in the framework, and on this side is a bolt by which
the window is secured; but it will be seen that the application of my
rack and catch also attains this object. G is a knob or handle by which the
window is opened for cleaning. The bead at this side of the window frame is
hinged and turns inwards to admit of the opening of the sash; but when I
use the springs on both sides, that on the left of the sash is also made in
two parts, lapping into each other and fastened together by a bolt. To the
top of the detached part of the right-hand side, where the springs are used on
one side only, and to both detached parts, where they are used on both sides,
I hinge the block H, which is about five or six inches long, having through
its whole length a hole sufficiently large to receive the rod or stick round.
which the spiral or worm spring is placed. The shoulder of this block when
the window is shut compresses the spiral or worm spring. Figure 5 shews
the bead for the right side when the springs are only used on that side, but
when used on both sides a like bead must be placed, except that the left side
must be hinged to permit the opening of the window as before mentioned, on
which is formed or screwed a metal rack. The catch is fixed to the hinged
detached part of the sash, as shewn at Figure 5, or the same may be done by
a stop or bolt on the detached part working into holes in the bead. The
above description, it will be seen, has relation to the lower part of the sash of
a window only, formed on my improved principle, and in which the spiral or
worm springs are used on one side only, and that two spiral or worm springs,
and two racks and catches, are necessary for a single window, one for the
bottom sash and another for the top one, as shewn in the box of the frame.
At Figure 3 the top sash is represented as up, and the spiral spring is shewn
extended, having forced the block to the top of the box; the lower sash is also
shewn closed, but the spring is here compressed by the shoulder of the block.
When the spiral springs are used on both sides of the window each side of
the sash must have a detached part, one being tongued and hinged as before

page_text: described, and the other rabetted to receive the sash to which it is bolted
for admitting the opening the sash, and like blocks are fastened to the detached
parts on either side, aud also like boxes, rods, and springs in the frame.
The sashes are alike in every particular, and it will be seen that on releasing
the catch from the rack the lower sash is thrown up by the expansion of onc
spiral spring, and the upper one is brought down by the compression of the
other spring. I likewise use the vulcanized india rubber, or other elastic
material before described, to these windows, and the power of such materials
will be adjusted without difficulty to the weight of the window for which it is
used, and in applying it one end must be fastened to the block attached to
the sash, and the other to the inside of the box of the frame.
Having now described methods I will, here mention that what I claim is,
the combination of spring rack, catch, and window sash for carriages, and the
modification of the same by the use of the vulcanized india rubber or other
elastic materials herein mentioned, and also the application of the same combi-
nation to window sashes and frames for houses, and for the methods herein
described for opening and cleaning windows without getting to the outside.
The eighth head or claim of my Invention relates to the construction of
portable and other easels, which can be manufactured in manner herein-after
described, and with or without the application thereto of my combination of a
spiral spring, controlled by a rack and catch, for extending the article at pleasure;
and also with or without my combinations of ball joint controlled by springs
or either of them, for the purpose of facilitating the turning of the reading
desk, or other part of the same or such like articles in any direction, and
placing it at any convenient angle of inclination; and also with or without my
combination of a quadrant-shaped rack and screw, which methods and com-
linations can be applied so as to combine in one elegant article of furniture.
the easel with a fire screen, or an easel, table, desk, and music-stand. The
advantages which result from being able to read in any position, without the
fatigue of holding the book or of leaning over it, are sufficiently evidenced by
the popularity of the contrivances already before the public having that end in
view. It will be found that in my new methods of constructing such articles,
many facilities are attained which are wanting in those at present manu-
factured, and its extreme portability will be obvious, one part shutting in
another like a telescope; and the whole machinery for fixing it for use can be
contained in a hollow formed in the base of the article.
That my methods of constructing such articles may be perfectly understood, I
will describe the several parts, referring to the Drawings hereunto annexed, by
which a practical person will be enabled to understand and manufacture them.

page_text: Plan 2, Division 8.-Figure 1 is the base or block of an casel, of the con-
struction I most prefer. A is a brass or other suitable metal box, about two
inches and a half wide, six inches long, and one inch deep, working on the
points B, and turning up into the hollowed-out part of the base, shewn at C,
when the easel is not in use. D is a screw with a handle, shewn at the back
of the base at E, with thread from end to end passing through the wood part
of the base into and along the oblong metal box, and through the connecting
part of the clamps F, the end working against the inner end of the box, so
as to act there as an endless screw. F, F, are two movable clamps, moving
up and down the box on the screw D, and, by turning the handle E the easel
can be firmly fixed to any article of furniture. The upper part of the base,
and the lower part of pillar, Figure 2, form a knuckle joint; and through a
hole in the top of the base is a cut screw, with a handle or knob at each end,
shewn at G, which screw, when these two parts are put together, works into
the toothed quadrant H, shewn at the lower end of the pillar Figure 2, with
which it corresponds; and by simply turning either handle the upper part of
the easel will receive the inclination required, and remains firmly fixed as
placed. The pillar Figure 2 is hollowed to receive the upper pillar or stand
Figure 3, to which the desk, shewn at Figure 6, is fixed, which, when extended
for use, is prevented coming entirely out by a band and a little screw pin,
the hole for receiving which is shewn at the lower end of the pillar. To this
construction of easel I often apply my combination of a spiral or worm spring,
and rack and catch, similar to that described in the 3rd head or claim of this
Specification. I place the spiral or worm spring Figure 4 in the hollow of
the pillar Figure 2, and form a slot as shewn, with a rack on the outside; or
the pillar can be turned so as to answer this purpose. When this combination
is used, having placed the pillar Figure 3, in the tube part of Figure 2, on the
spiral or worm spring, I screw the catch or trigger through the slot into the
hole at the bottom of Figure 3, by which means the height of the easel can be
regulated at pleasure, as described in the before-mentioned third head of my
Specification applied to a looking-glass. Figure 6 is the desk part of an
easel detached, which I make with a tube of metal at one side, which slides on
the top of the pillar Figure 3, and is retained in place by a little thumb nut
and screw, as shewn; or I use a band of metal, as shewn at Figure 7,
screwed to the upper part of the top pillar Figure 2, having teeth cut in it;
and I then slide on the other band of metal, having a piece of metal tubing
braized or otherwise secured to it, about an inch square and ten inches long.
Along this piece of tubing the ball joint Figure 8, attached to the middle of
the back of the desk part of the easel, slides or passes by means of the band or

page_text: belt I, as shewn at Figure 7 & 10. The above-described constructions of
easels will not be found more expensive in the manufacture than the easels
now made, and are infinitely superior to them in portability and general use-
fulness; but I will now describe an easel much less complex in its construction,
and which can be manufactured much cheaper, and will be found to answer
the purpose well, consisting simply of a hollow tube, round or square in form,
into the cavity of which a smaller pillar is inserted. This piece or stick has a
groove running nearly from end to end, into which a pin is passed through the
outer tube, so as to prevent its coming out. To the top of the smaller tube is
affixed the cap or ferrule shewn at Figure 9, having hinged to one side of it
the brass slide piece J, which fits into a dovetailed groove at the bottom of the
reading desk, and allows it to move backwards and forward. When applied
in the groove, and turned over on the cap or ferrule, it is supported thereby
in proper position; and when out of use, and the pillar is forced down, the
tube and the reading desk folded, it is turned by the hinged part above
described down by the side of the outer tube or base, and fits to it neatly,
making the article very portable.
This easel is fastened by means of .the
piece of brass & screw, Figure 11. The screw passes through the base of the
easel into the screwhole of the brass piece, as there shewn. Fig. 12 shews
the brass picce put up when out of use, the screw. passing through a second
hole in the brass, and into one bored in the bottom of the easel. The bottom
of the inner pillar is stuffed or wadded with any convenient material to keep it
in place when drawn out for use. I sometimes apply the vulcanized india
ruber, or other like elastic substance, to all my combinations of easels, in place
of the spiral spring and rack and catch, applying it as described in the third
head or claim of my Specification to looking-glasses, screens, &c. As the casel
is sometimes required to fix to sofas, bedsteads, and spring-stuffed furniture,
I use in such cases an additional movable clamp, fixed to a belt, which can be
put on the stock of an easel, having in the belt a screw to keep it to the
required height, as shewn at Figure 13. A is the clamp, and B the handle of
C is a screw, passing
the screw in the band or belt at the back of the stock.
through the clamp, and forcing the lower plate down on the hinged clamp, by
which the easel can be fixed to any furniture of the above description.
Figure 14 shews a small leaf holder, which. I apply to easels and screens.
small lever spring is so placed to the under part of the ledge of the desk as to
press the small hinged flap against the open book, which flap-is brought up by
pulling the tassel and compressing the spring.
A
I make the articles herein described either in wood or metal, or partly of
both; and I would have it understood that my Invention relates to the several

page_text: constructions of easels above described, with or without my combinations of
spiral or worm springs, catch and rack, or ball joints.
The ninth head or claim of my Invention relates to a new construction of
a penknife, in which the blade is thrown open by the action of a spiral or
worm spring, or I sometimes use a lever spring placed in the handle, the
action of which spring is controlled and the blade kept securely closed by
means of a T-shaped catch or bolt, also placed within the handle, worked by
a small lever spring, which catch passes into a corresponding nick in the
shoulder of the blade. By touching the catch on the handle the blade is
immediately thrown out and fixed in the open position, and can be closed in
the usual way by slight pressure without difficulty, all which will be well
understood from the following descriptions, and the Drawings therein re-
ferred to.
Plan 2, Division 9.-Figure 1 shews a penknife with my improvements
applied. A is a small tube fixed in the handle, and extending in an oblique
line towards the front of the shoulder of the blade, as shewn, containing a spiral
or worm spring connected with a lever, the point of which goes into the nick
B in the shoulder of the blade when the knife is open. An excentric motion
is given to the blade by the pin which fastens it to the handle being out of
the centre-towards the inner part of the shoulder shewn at C, in Figures 1
and 2, the operation of which is to make the spiral spring press upon it with
continuous force after the blade is at right angles, by which it is thrown fully
open with sufficient impetus, and retains that position with the necessary
degree of firmness, and when closed by pressure in the ordinary way is kept
fast by the small T-shaped bolt, Figure 3, connected with the push piece D,
shown in Figure 4, which acts upon the small lever spring E in the handle,
Figure 1. In closing the knife the shoulder of the T-shaped bolt is forced
flush with the inside of the handle, so as to allow the small part of the pin
to pass up the notch in the blade shewn at F, Figures 1 and 2; the small
lever spring E then forces the bolt into the horizontal slot in which the nick F
terminates, and the blade is held firmly closed. I accomplish the same object by
means of a lever spring, as shewn at Figure 5, fastened within the handle,
and extending in the same direction as stated in the above description of my
irst method, and it will be seen by reference to the Drawings Figures 6 and 7
hat in all other particulars they are the same.
I wish it to be understood that what I claim is, the application of spiral or
ever springs to the handles of penknives, and to the mechanical contri-
ances and combinations above described; but I do not lay claim to any of
Le nicchanical parts taken separately.

page_text: The tenth bead or claim of my Invention relates to a new construction of
a flat or sad iron, with standards for receiving a portable handle, and also to
the handle, separately, for laundry purposes, which handle can be taken off
when the iron is placed at the fire to heat, and can be fixed instantaneously
when it is ready heated for use by means of a spiral or worm spring placed
within the handle, by which the risk of burning the hand is avoided, and the
use of a holder rendered unnecessary, and one handle only being needed for
several irons. The following descriptions, and the Drawings referred to,
will be sufficient to make this simple contrivance well understood.
Plan 3, Division 10.-Figure 1 is a piece of wood or other suitable material,
turned of a conical shape, having a pin or plug A formed thereon through
which the slot B is cut, and forms one half of the handle. Figure 2 is another
piece of like form, but in this the smaller end is hollowed to receive the
plug or pin A in Figure 2, which hollow terminates in a smaller hole, in
which is placed a spiral or worm spring, shewn detached at Figure 3. When
the parts are put together the pin or plug on Figure 1 goes into the hollow.
in Figure 2, and compresses the spring, and I fix the pin through the hollow
part of Figure 2, which also passes through the slot in Figure 1, and prevents.
the two parts from separating, the slot allowing the pin free motion through
its whole length as the spring is operated upon by the pressure applied.
Around the ends of these conical pieces above described. I screw or otherwise
fix a band of metal with a rod attached, which has on it a projecting pin as
shewn at C in Figure 4, which rod or prong slides into the groove D formed
on the insides of the standards of the iron, shewn detached at Figures 5 and 6,
in which grooves are holes to receive these pins, and the handle then becomes
a fixture by the expansion of the spring, and can be removed by pressing
the parts of the handle together, which withdraws the pins from the holes.
Figure 7 shews all the parts put together.
What I claim is, the construction of a flat or sad, iron, with standards to
receive a portable handle; also the use of a detached handle to flat or sad
irons, with the application thereto of a spiral or worm spring for fixing the
same, or any modification of the same, by which the handle can be placed and
removed at pleasure.
The eleventh head or claim of my Invention relates to a new method of
constructing compasses and callipers, and such like articles, and the application
thereto of a toothed arc or segment of a circle, in which the thread of a small
Archimedian screw works, by which the limbs of the compasses or callipers
are moved and firmly fixed at any required distance. I confine my claim
simply to the application of the toothed arc and screw to such like articles;

page_text: in other respects they are manufactured in the usual way. Also to the
application of a like screw in combination with a small cog wheel to callipers,
by which the same advantages are obtained. Also to a new method of keeping
raizors firmly shut, and for fixing the blade when open in any desired position.
Also to a new construction of sissors, by which the limbs are prevented getting
loose by the action of a small spiral or worm spring, or a small four-cornered
lever spring placed round the pin, by which the limbs are fastened together in
a hole sunk in the shoulder of one of the limbs, all which will be well under-
stood from the following descriptions, reference being had to the Drawings
referred to.
Plan 3, Division 11.-Figure 1 is is a pair of compasses put together,
showing my improvements applied. A is a toothed segment, fix to the
shoulder of the left limb, and passes through a slot in the right limb, which
slot ends in a circular hole at the bottom. B is the screw by which the motion
is regulated. Figure 2 shews the toothed segment detached. Figure 3 is the
screw with nuts also detached, and Figure 4 the right limb with the slot and
circular hole for the toothed segment to work in. The application of the con-
trivance here described to callipers will be well understood by practical persons.
Figure 5 shews my second method applied to a pair of callipers. D is a cog wheel
through which a screw passes, and is riveted at the other side, upon which the
limbs work. C is the screw, also shewn detached at Figure 6, the thread of which
screw works in the teeth of the wheel. Figure 7 shews the cog wheel detached.
Figures 8, 9, 10, and 11, shew my application of a spring for securing
a razor closed, and the blade at any required angle when open. Figure 8
is the blade, with holes sunk in the shoulder to receive the pin E affixed to the
lever & spring, Figure 9, which lever is in the form of a flute key, and is fixed
in an inclined groove sunk on the outside of the handle Figure 10, in the
lower part of which groove a hole is pierced for the pin on the lever to work
through into the holes sunk in the shoulder of the blade, and is fastened to the
handle by a pin, which forms a fulcrum for the lever to act on. By pressing
a finger on the key the pin is withdrawn and the razor opened, and on releasing
the key from pressure the pin is forced into the hole in the shoulder opposite
to it when in the position required. I would have it understood that I only claim
the mechanical contrivance effecting the objects hercin described, the various
parts of the razor being manufactured in the usual manner, as is well understood.
Figure 12 is a pair of sissors, with my improvements applied. A is
one limb, having a circular hole sunk therein, in which I place a small
spiral spring or a four-cornered lever spring, shewn detached at Figures 13
& 14, which hole ends in a smaller hole, through which the pin fastening

page_text: the limbs A and B together passes, and is firmly riveted to the outside
of the limb B. This pin, shewn detached at Figure 15, is put through
the hole E in Figure 12, and through the other limb B, when the end
of it is firmly riveted in the usual way. The spiral spring, or a four-
cornered lever spring like that shewn at Figures 13 & 14, are then put in
the cavity E in Figure 12, and the pin being tapped at the other end the
button Figure 16 is screwed on. The pin Figure 15 is formed square in
that part of its length which passes through the larger hole in A, Figure 12.
the shoulder of the square part resting on the edge of the smaller hole in that
limb, and the top is tapped to screw into the button Figure 16; the lower
part of this pin is round. It will be obvious that the action of the spring is
constantly pressing the two limbs together, and that the tighter the button
Figure 16 is screwed on the firmer the limbs are held together; and also that
the action of using them does not operate to loosen the screw, as is the case
with articles of this description manufactured in. the ordinary way.
What I claim is, the application of spiral or lever springs to sissors, and the
method of constructing the article as herein described, to admit of the same.
And also the use of a pin squared in part of its length to such like articles,
by the use of which the opening and shutting has not the tendency to unscrew
and loosen the joint.
The twelfth head or claim of my Invention relates to a new construction of
a hinge, which by the application of a spiral or worm spring, returns to its closed
position the moment the pressure applied to open it is relaxed. Hinges
accomplishing this object are very expensive as at present manufactured, and
are liable to get out of order, but according to my new method can be made
as cheap as the common hinge, and cannot possibly get out of order, the
effect being produced by the compression or expansion of the spring or springs,
which are confined in a given space, and can be tightened by a nut when
needed. Also to a new drill or boring tool, and the application to such articles
of a spiral or worm spring. Also to a new rack pulley, by which the cord of
a blind, &c. is kept at the necessary degree of tension to secure its working well
by means of a spiral or worm spring and plug placed within a tube. All which
will be well understood by the the following descriptions of the Drawings
referred to.
Plan 3, Division 12.-Figure 1 is a sectional Drawing of my new binge,
shewing the several parts put together. A is a square pin or piece of wire,
rounded at the middle and tapped at both ends, also shewn detached at
Figure 2. B is a bar or cylinder of iron through which the pin A passes;
this bar is cut into three pieces, wedge-shaped at one end, and shewn at

page_text: Figures 3, 4, & 5. The middle piece, which is wedge-shaped at each end,
is placed on the round part of the pin A, and is fixed to part of an outer case
or barrel having a flap atached thereto, as shewn at C, and detached at
Figure 4. This middle piece being placed on the rounded part of the pin, the
two detached wedge or askew-shaped pieces, shewn detached at Figures 3
and 5, are then put on at each end and fitted to the middle piece; the spiral
springs are then applied at each end of the pin, or one only will be sufficient
for a small hinge, and rest on the level ends of the two pieces Figures 3 & 5.
The two end barrels or cylinders, with flaps, Figures 6 and 7, are then applied
over the springs, pin, and wedges, and the tapped ends of the pin being
brought through the small holes in the tops or shoulders of the cylinders, the
nuts Figures 8 and 9 are screwed on, and compress the spiral spring between
the two wedge-shaped pieces of iron and the shoulders of the cylinders.
I will now describe my new construction of drill or boring tool. Figure
10 is a strong wrought or cast-iron tube to contain a spiral or worm spring,
and having one or more worm slots formed round it, and running nearly from
end to end, as their shewn. This tube is notched at the bottom end, as shewn
at A. Figure 11 is a solid piece of brass or iron rod, having a hole at the
lower end to receive the shoulder of the tool applied to it, which is made fast
in the usual way, and having on the sunk part at the other end notches or.
teeth formed. The tube Figure 10 is made to pass on this rod, and the teeth
fix into those formed on Figure 11, and to prevent them coming apart
small pins or screws work through the tube into the slots and grove, which
permits the tube to revolve when once forcing down the piston and plug is not
sufficient to drive the tool the required depth. Figure 12 is a piston or
rod having a handle or button B at one end, and a strong plug at the
other, shewn at C, which plug fits the tube Figure 10, and has one or.
more pins D, with a roller formed on it, according to the number of slots in
the tube, up and down which slots they move. By applying moderate force to
the handle or button, the pin, with the roller thereon, travels down the slot in
the tube, and the piston or plug forces down the spiral spring, and whirls
round the tube with great rapidity, which tube being fixed by the teeth nnd
pins to the rod of metal Figure 11 in which the tool is fixed, it is forced into
the article to be bored in much less time, and with far less labour, than by any
instrument at present in use; and when once forcing the plug as low as the
spring will allow does not drive the tool. as far as required, the teeth of the
tube are drawn out of those formed on the lower part of Figure 11, and the
pius come down the slots into the groove, and on withdrawing the force applied
the tube revolves back again without drawing the tool out, and the plug

page_text: at the end of the piston rod being again brought to the top of the slot in
Figure 10, the teeth are again joined, and the operation of boring can be
thus reumed as often as required. Figures 13 and 14 shew the pin and roller D
in Figure 12. Figure 15 is a section of the same, and Figure 16 shews the
various parts put together.
I will now describe the construction of my new rack pulley, by which the
blind cord can be kept at the necessary degree of tension, to secure its working
well, by means of a spiral or worm spring and plug placed within a tube.
Figure 17 is a rack having a dovetailed slot running its whole length,
which is fastened to the window bead in the usual way. Figure 18 shews
my new controlling apparatus for such purposes. A is a plug having
the catch B fitting the. rack formed on Figure 17 fixed thereon, as shewn ;
and also the slide C, fitting the dovetailed slot in Figure 17. Figure 19
is a tube with a grooved wheel D at the end working on a pin passed
through the tube. This tube has also a slot in it. I place the spiral or
worm spring in the tube, and also the plug A, as shewn at Figure 18, with
the catch and slide formed thereon. A pin is then passed through the slot
in the tube, and through the plug, which is thus prevented escaping. The
tube has a small lever spring fixed to the under side, as shewn at Figure 18.
Figure 20 shews the catch end of the plug detached. The cord of the blind
is passed round the grooved wheel D at the end of the tube, and over the
roller wheel of the blind in the usual way; and it will be found that the action
of the spiral or worm spring, and the controlling power of the catch and
rack, keeps the cord sufficiently tight to work well.
My second method, shewn at Figure 21, consists simply in the application
of a piece or strip of of vulcanized india rubber, gutta percha, or some other
equally elastic substance, which I fasten as there shewn, one end to the a
groove in the roller of the blind, and the other hooked to the bead of the
window at A, the common spring roller blind apparatus being used at the
other end.
I would have. it understood, that I claim the new combinations for the
hinge & dilling or boring tool herein described; also to the rack and catch,
and other mechanical combinations, herein described, with roller blinds.
The last head or claim of my Invention relates to a new construction of
apparatus for making coffee, which can be adapted to the ordinary coffee-pot.
Also to a colander for straining vegetables or other matters by means of a
screw and platter, instead of by hand, as now practised. Also to covers for
saucepans, so constructed as to permit the escape of the steam in boiling.
Also to a new method of constructing chamber and other candlesticks, and the

page_text: application thereto of spiral or worm springs and clips, by means of which the
candle is forced up, and also hell fast without the aid of paper or wadding, all
which will be well understood from the following descriptions, and the Drawings
referred to.
Plan 3, Division 13.-Figure 1 shews my new apparatus for making coffee,
having a spiral or worm spring applied to a piston rod and plug for forcing the
water through the cylinder containing the coffee. A is a cylinder of tin or
other suitable material, having a finely-perforated bottom, and screws into the
stand B, which has also a finely-perforated bottom. Between these I place a
piece of cloth, linen, silk, or any other suitable material, to perfect the straining
process. I place the coffee in the cylinder, and on the top of it is fitted the
perforated cover D, having a raised edge at the top to receive another piece of
cloth, linen, silk, or other like material, and a finely-perforated piece of tin is
placed thereon, and the bottom of the cylinder C is then screwed or fitted
tightly to the cover. To the top of the cylinder C is attached the tube, which
contains a spiral or worm spring, as shewn. E is a piston rod passing through
the cover of the coffee-pot, and through the spiral spring, having a movable
knob or handle at one end, and a button G fixed about the middle of its
length, which moves freely up and down the tube, compressing the spring
therein. To the lower end of the rod is fixed a piece or dice of metal F.
tapped to receive a piece of linen or other stuffing round it, as in the common
syringe. Round the cylinder C are pierced the holes or openings shewn, and
the force of the spiral spring, acting on the button in the middle of the rcd,
brings the dice of metal to the top of the cylinder C, as shewn, and when the
apparatus is placed in a coffee-pot having water in it the cylinder is filled
through those boles. I then force the dice of metal down upon the water,
which drives it through the perforations in the cover D and upon the coffee
in the lower cylinder, by which means the strength is extracted, and clear
strong coffee made with the least possible delay, and this can be repeatedl
until the whole of the strength is extracted. I apply a part of the same
apparatus to a tea-pot, to which it can be readily adapted, and also, as here
shewn, for filtering purposes.
Figure 2 shews a filterer on a small scale for a bed table. H is a vessel, in
which is placed an inverted conical-shaped inner vessel, having a flange by
5 which it rests on the rim of the outer vessel. This inner vessel, shewn detached
at Figure 3, is formed of two vessels, one within the other, both being finely
perforated, and between the two I place a bag of cloth, silk, linen, or other
suitable material. In my coffee apparatus I sometimes dispense with the

page_text: spring and the tube which contains it, in which case I form the piston rod with
arms, as shewn in Figure 4, having the plug part fixed to them, allowing
room for the square or circular opening I, having a piece of leather or thin
metal plate fastened therein, similar to the flap of a pair of bellows; which
arrangement will be found to answer the purpose well in the cheap article.
Figure 5 shews the plug detached.
I will now describe my new method of constructing a colander, by which
vegetables and other matters can be strained more completely, and removed to
the dish in better order and with far less trouble, than by any means at present
in use by a screw working through a cross piece at the top of the article, and
having a piece or platter of wood, metal, or earthenware fitting the vessel,
against which the end of the screw works.
Figure 6 shews a colander of a bowl shape, with a fixed bottom, and with
my compressing apparatus applied. I do not confine myself to any size or
form of vessel, but I claim the applying of my apparatus to such like vessels of
any size or shape.
Figure 7 shows another partially-perforated vessel, having a hinged bottom,
also perforated, which is made fast by a hasp. The vessel has on its top rim
two staples I, I, to receive and secure the ends of the cross piece.
Figures 8 & 9 are my new apparatus for compressing the vegetables when g
placed in the colander. K is a wooden screw passing through the cross piece,
Fig. 9, & shewn in Figures 6, 7, and 10, each end of which goes into the
staples I, I. At those Figures the bottom of the screw stick goes into a sunk
hole in the top of the platter, Figure 8, L, in which it moves freely without
turning it round, and which is formed to fit the inside of the colander. The g
under surface of the platter, where the bottom of the vessel is hinged, can have
any design impressed thereon according to fancy, and by unhasping it the
vegetables can be slid off on to the dish without disturbing the shape or design
with which they have been impressed.
Figures 11, 12, are a saucepan cover on my improved plan of construction. 3
The difference between this cover and one of ordinary construction is, that it.
has a hole formed in the centre of the cover, in which is fitted the partially
perforated cover part M, Figure 11, having a flange N formed thereon to
prevent it falling through the cover. This perforated part is attached to the
float O, and moves up and down, allowing the escape of the steam when the 3
contents of the vessel boils without its being necessary to pay attention to or
remove the cover. I also make my covers without the movable perforated
picce. This cover is of the ordinary construction, but the flange which goes
into the saucepan is much deeper, and the upper part of it thickly perforated,

page_text: so that when it is lifted by the force of the steam it escapes through those
perforations without displacing it.
Figure 18 shews my improvements in chamber and other candlesticks.
P is a spiral or worm spring in the tube as shewn. Q. Q, shew two lever
clips (which move upon the two pins R, R, and shewn detached at Figure 14,
which pins are fixed or formed in a groove.
On the sides of the tube S is a
dice or flat piece of metal, with a spike on the upper side, forming a push-up,
and is placed in the tube on the spiral spring. When the candle. is put in
and the spring compressed the lower part of the clips are forced apart, and
moving on the pins R, R, the upper or circular ends grasp the candle, and
hold it securely without the aid of paper or other stuffing, and as the candle
burns, and the spring acts on its diminished weight (which, if the spring is
properly adjusted as to power, will not be until it is burnt down a considerable
part of its length,) it is gradually forced up.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and its various appli-
cations, I would have it understood that I claim,-
First, the two new combinations of mechanical means with music stools
and other articles of furniture, as described in the first head or claim of my
Specification.
Secondly, the two new combinations of mechanical means with waterclosets,
as described in the second head or claim of my Specification.
Thirdly, I claim the four new combinations of mechanical means with
looking-glasses, screens, and other articles of furniture, as described in the
third, and with easels, as described in the eighth, head or claim of my Speci-
fication, and also the combination of mechanical means therein described for
extending and folding up the articles therein described.
Fourthly, I claim the two new combinations of mechanical means with
recumbent and other chairs, as described in the fourth head or claim of my
Specification.
Fifthly, I claim the new combination of mechanical means with mangles, as
described in the fifth head or claim of my Specification.
Sixthly, I claim the two new combinations of mechanical means with
curtains for windows, and for other purposes, as described in the sixth head or
claim of my Specification, and also the new combination of imechanical means
with the method of hanging and adjusting the height of pictures and such
like articles, as therein described.
Seventhly, I claim the two new combinations of mechanical means with
window sashes and frames for carriages and houses, as described in the seventh
head or claim of my Specification.

page_text: Eighthly, I claim the three improved constructions of portable and other
casels, as described in the eighth head or claim of my Specification.
Ninthly, I claim the two new combinations of mechanical means with pen-
knives, as described in the ninth head or claim of my Specification.
Tenthly, I claim the new combination of mechanical means with flat or
sad irons, described in the tenth head or claim of my Specification, or any
modifications thereof.
Eleventhly, I claim the new combinations of mechanical means, applied as
described in the eleventh head or claim of my Specification, with compasses,
callipers, razors, and scissors.
Twelfthly, I claim the new combinations of mechanical means for hinges
& drilling or boring tools, and with rack pulleys, applied as described in the
twelfth head or claim of my Specification.
Lastly, I claim the new combinations of mechanical means with coffee-pots,
colanders, and chamber and other candlesticks, applied as described in the
thirteenth head or claim of my Specification; also part of one of the said
combinations with filterers and tea-pots, likewise therein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Chinnock, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Eleventh day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-six.