IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Bywater, of the Firm of Pearson & Spurr, of Birstal,
near Leeds, in the County of York, Machine Makers, and Charles Bedford, of
the same place, Foreman Mechanic, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Sealed the 23rd January 1880, and dated the 25th July 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Bywater and Charles
Bedford at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th July 1879.
JAMES BYWATER, of the Firm of Pearson & Spurr, of Birstal, near Leeds, in the
County of York, Machine Makers, and CHARLES BEDFORD, of the same place,
Foreman Mechanic. IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
"
This Invention relates,―
Firstly. To improvements in the pegging apparatus for double acting jacquards
or double acting shedding motion, our object being to prevent any irregular or cross
action of the peg-cylinder which would tend to damage the fabric by throwing the
face to the under side and bringing the back of the piece to the surface. To avoid
this we employ two catches, instead of only one, for turning the cylinder, one catch
controlling the series of lags pegged to depress the warp, those pegged to rise or
elevate the warp being controlled by the second catch.
In order that the catches may do this the projections on the pegging cylinder are
formed in two sets, so that the projections in each set can only be operated by the
catch allotted to it, and as the catches operate alternately it follows that if the
pegging barrel should get turned round or deranged accidentally, and the loom set
in motion without it being discovered, the first motion of the jacquard would
produce no effect on the barrel, as there would be no projection offered for the catch
to act on, and the lags would remain stationary until the succeeding stroke brought
the other catch into operation.
Secondly. Our Invention relates to means for causing the instantaneous change
of the jack hook from one lifting bar to the other, when the arrangement is adapted
for producing a double shedding motion. In this case the hooks are not changed
by the needles which receive the pressure of the pattern pegs, but the said needles
are constructed double, so that the pressure received by the first needle of each pair
is transmitted to the second one by a spiral spring which operates at the precise
moment that the lifting bars are opposite each other.

page_text: Thirdly. Our improvements relate to apparatus for raising and lowering the
shuttle boxes, and for this purpose we use one or more irregular cams or levers
working upon a fixed stud or fulcrum, and having notches or recesses at different
distances from the stud or fulcrum corresponding to the changes required to be
effected in the positions of the shuttle boxes.
A friction pulley attached to the ordinary box lever rests upon the upper surface
of the levers in one of the recesses, and is kept in position by a spiral spring which
connects the box lever and the lifting cams together. The changes of the friction
pulley from one recess to another are effected by means of a reciprocatory rod which
has a regular motion imparted by the crank shaft.
The lateral position of this rod is governed by the indicating apparatus, and it
is so shaped at its upper end as to act on one of a series of projections on the
under side of the lifting cams or levers, by which the position of the latter is
changed and the boxes are either raised cr lowered thereby.
The upper end of the reciprocating rod is provided with a number of guides or
grooves for the reception of the end of a lever which acts as a safety apparatus
for insuring the exact extent of lateral motion, the end of the lever which enters the
grating being double wedge shaped, and so arranged that any deviation of the rod
from its correct course will cause upward pressure to be exerted on the safety lever,
which upward pressure assists in bringing the parts into the required position.
Fourthly. Our Invention relates to an improved joint for the jack rods and levers
employed for raising the healds.
On the end of one of the parts is formed a segment of metal nearly circular which
enters a concave slot formed in the other part, the two parts being kept together
by a tail piece which is attached to the part carrying the segment first mentioned.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Bywater and Charles Bedford in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 23rd January 1880.
JAMES BYWATER, of the Firm of Pearson and Spurr, of Birstal, near Leeds, in the
County of York, Machine Makers, and CHARLES BEDFORD, of the same place,
Foreman Mechanic. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
This Invention relates,―
Firstly. To improvements in the pegging apparatus for double acting jacquards,
our object being to prevent any irregular or cross action of the peg-cylinder which
would tend to damage the fabric by throwing the face to the underside and bringing
the back of the piece, to the surface. To avoid this we employ two catches,
instead of only one, for turning the cylinder, one catch controlling the series of lags
pegged to depress the warp, those pegged to raise or elevate the warp being controlled
by the second catch. In order that the catches may do this the projections on the
pegging cylinder are formed in two sets, so that the projections in each set can only
be operated by the catch allotted to it, and as the catches operate alternately it
follows that if the pegging barrel should get turned round or deranged accidentally,
and the loom set in motion without it being discovered, the first motion of the
jacquard would produce no effect on the barrel, as there would be no projection
offered for the catch to act on, and the lags would remain stationary until the
succeeding stroke brought the other catch into operation.
Secondly. Our Invention relates to means for causing the instantaneous change
of the jack-hook from one lifting bar to the other when the arrangement is adapted
for producing a double shedding motion. In this case the hooks are not changed
by the needles which receive the pressure of the pattern pegs, but the said needles
are constructed double, so that the pressure received by the first needle of each pair
is transmitted to the second one by a spiral spring which operates at the precise
moment that the lifting bars are opposite each other.
Thirdly. Our improvements relate to apparatus for raising and lowering the
shuttle boxes, and for this purpose we use one or more irregular cams or levers
working upon a fixed stud or fulcrum, and having notches or recesses at different
distances from the stud or fulcrum corresponding to the changes required to be
effected in the positions of the shuttle boxes. A friction pulley attached to the
ordinary box-lever rests upon the upper surface of the levers in one of the recesses,
and is kept in position by a spiral spring which connects the box lever and the
lifting cams together. The changes of the friction pulley from one recess to another
are effected by means of a reciprocatory rod which has a regular motion imparted
by the crank shaft. The lateral position of this rod is governed by the indicating
apparatus, and it is so shaped at its upper end as to act on one of a series of pro-
jections on the underside of the lifting cams or levers, by which the position of the
latter is changed and the boxes are either raised or lowered thereby. The upper
end of the reciprocating rod is provided with a number of guides or grooves for the
reception of the end of a lever, which acts as a safety apparatus for insuring the
exact extent of lateral motion, the end of the lever which enters the grating being
double-wedge or lozenge shaped, and so arranged that any deviation of the rod from
its correct course will cause upward pressure to be exerted on the safety lever, which
upward pressure assists in bringing the parts into the required position.
Fourthly. Our Invention relates to an improved joint for jack-rods and levers
employed for raising the healds. On the end of one of the parts is formed a segment
of inetal nearly circular which enters a concave slot formed in the other part, the
wo parts being kept together by a tail piece which is attached to the part carrying
he segment first mentioned.

page_text: In order that our Invention may be more fully understood, we herein give
reference to the accompanying Sheets of Drawings illustrative thereof.
Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate the first part of our Invention, which relates to
the pegging apparatus. In Fig. 1 we have shown the parts of the jacquard
apparatus connected with our improvements, A being one end frame thereof;
B the knivers or bars which operate the jack-rods and levers; C the peg cylin-
der, which is mounted on levers D and has an oscillatory motion imparted to
it by eccentric E, which motion causes the projections c on the end of the peg
cylinder to come into contact with the binged catches F, and the cylinder is thereby
turned round a quarter of a revolution at each outward oscillation of the lever D.'
Hitherto only one catch has been employed for this purpose, and as it was constantly
in operation irrespective of the position of the healds it frequently happened that
the surface of the piece was changed or thrown to the underside whilst weaving in
consequence of the pegging barrel accidentally becoming deranged, or being a turn
behind or in front of the bealds. By our improvements we can divide the duty of
turning the barrel between the two catches, so that one catch shall control the
series of lags pegged to depress the warp, and the other catch shall control the lags
pegged to raise or elevate the warp. In Fig. 2, which is a front view of the pegging
barrel and catches, the projections c are shewn in different positions, two being near
the end of the cylinder and the other two a short distance from the end, the two
pairs being thus divided between the two catches. The catches are lifted out of the
way of the peg cylinder alternately by means of the bars B, which act on tail pieces.
G fixed to the catches, so that should the barrel get turned round accidentally, so as
to bring a wrong projection uppermost, the catch allotted to operate on it being
lifted out of the way cannot act out of its turn, and the lags will remain stationary
until the succeeding stroke. It is thus impossible for the sides of the cloth to
become reversed.
The second part of our Invention is illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4, and relates to
means for causing the instantaneous change of the jack-hook from one lifting bar B
to the other, when the arrangement of the jacquard apparatus is designed to produce
a double shedding motion. Fig. 3 is a section of a jacquard apparatus, A being the
jack-hook, B the lifting bars, C the pegging barrel, and D the needle upon which
the peg operates. This needle, instead of acting directly upon the jack hook A, acts
on a second needle D¹ placed above it compressing the spiral spring a, and the
pressure exerted by the spring upon the needle D¹ effects the instantaneous transfer
of the jack hooks from one bar to the other when the said bars are opposite to each
other. As will be seen from the Drawing, the spring a effects the change in one
direction, and the spring b effects it in the other direction.
In carrying out this part of our Invention the lower needles D are of course acted
upon by the pegs d a short time before the change is required, so that the upper
needles D' are ready for acting as soon as the jack hook A are at liberty to change,
which can only be when the lifting bars B are opposite to each other. We are thus
enabled to overcome the difficulty of pegging at the precise moment, which his
hitherto been an obstacle to the production of a double shedding apparatus when
the healds have been drawn down by a system of bottom jacks or levers instead of
weights.
The third part of our Invention is illustrated by Figs. 8 and 9, Sheet 2. A is the
end frame of a loom; B are the shuttle boxes, which are connected by rods C to the
shuttle box lever D, which is hinged at E.
Upon the stud F are two irregular cams G, G', having notches or recesses g
at different distances from the centre. A pulley or runner H, mounted on a
stud fixed in the shuttle box lever, rests upon one or both of these cams, and
the boxes are raised or lowered according to the motion imparted to the cams
by the vertical reciprocating rod J, which carries a piece K at its upper end,
of which Fig. 10 is a plan view. This piece K operates upon the cams at
either one side or the other, the cans having projecting points c, d, e, on the
underside which correspond in position to the points c', d', e¹, of the piece K, that is

page_text: to say, the parts bearing the same letters are the parts which come in contact when
a change is effected. The Drawing shews the boxes in their lowest position, con-
sequently the runner H is resting upon what may be termed the lowest step of the
cams. Should it be required to raise the boxes one degree or step the portion e¹ of
the piece K will be brought under the portion e of the cam G, and the latter being
turned on its axis the runner H will be raised until it rests within the recess g,
where it will remain, the cam being held in its altered position by the spiral spring
L. A further lateral movement of the rod J will bring the portion d of the piece
K under the projection d of the cam G¹, and this cam being moved similarly to the
cam G the runner H will be again lifted, thus raising the boxes two degrees or steps,
after which the runner will rest in the recess g¹, the cam being held by the spiral
spring M. The shuttle boxes will then be in their highest position, and in order to
lower them the rod J must be moved laterally, so as to bring the portion c¹ of the
piece K underneath the projection c of the cams, upon both of which it operates at
one stroke, returning them to their first position and lowering the boxes.
For producing the lateral motion of the rod J we employ a well known
arrangement of levers operated upon by the peg lags, which moves the point e¹
underneath the projection e, or d' underneath projection d, as and when required;
but when there are no pegs operating upon the levers the rod J is retained in
the position shewn in the Drawings by a spiral spring operating upon the bell
crank lever o. Upon the stud F is a two armed lever P, on one arm of which
is a pin p passing through a slot in the rod J; to the other arm of this lever P¹ is
fixed a lozenge shaped piece which enters between the bars of a fork or grate R
attached to the rod J at each upward movement of the latter. The piece r thus
acts as a guide for the rod J in case the lateral movement should not be effected
with sufficient accuracy by the indicating apparatus. Should the edge of the grate
come directly in contact with the edge of the piece r the upward motion communi-
cated to the lever arm P¹ thereby will be converted into lateral motion in the arm
P, and consequently in the rod J and grate R, which will thus be removed from
direct contact with the piece r, and guided into the required position. In case the
spiral springs L, M, should break it will be impossible for the shuttle boxes to fall
beyond the position shewn in the Drawing, the enlargement of the cams at s
preventing them from turning further round.
The fourth part of our Invention is illustrated by Figs. 5, 6, and 7. In Fig. 7
we have shewn the end of the jack lever, on which is cast an almost circular disc a
equal in thickness to about one third the thickness of the lever. The end of the
lever b is prolonged in a curved form concentric with the disc. In the end of the
jack rod at c (Fig. 6) is a semicircular slot or recess which can be placed over the
disc a, as shewn in Fig. 5, the prolongation 6 of the lever keeping the two parts
together and allowing them to move sufficiently without becoming detached.
Having thus fully described and ascertained the nature and object of this our
Invention, together with the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed
or carried into practical effect, we would have it understood that we claim as our
Invention,-
Firstly. The use and employment of the two catches F having arms or projections
G for the purpose substantially as herein shewn and described.
Secondly. The parts or projections c on the pegging barrel so arranged that the
catches Fare not acted upon together, for the purpose herein described and
illustrated.
Thirdly. The combination and arrangement of the double needles D and D¹ for
the purpose substantially as described and illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4.
Fourthly. The use and employment of irregular cams G and G', operated by the
reciprocating rod J in manner and for the purpose substantially as herein described
and shewn in Figs. 8 and 9.
Fifthly. The use and employment of the safety apparatus, as shewn at P¹ and R,
for insuring the exact lateral position of the rod J, as described and illustrated.

page_text: I
Sixthly. The construction and arrangement of the parts a, b, c, for forming a
joint for the jack-hooks and levers employed in looms for weaving, as illustrated in
Figs. 5, 6, and 7.
•
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Bedford, for and on behalf of myself
and the said James Bywater, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this
Twenty-first day of January, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and eighty.