Improvements in Condensers chiefly Designed for Use in the Manufacture of Gas.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Condensers chiefly Designed for Use in the
Manufacture of Gas.
We, KIRKHAM, HULETT & CHANDLER LIMITED, of 3 & 4, Palace Chambers
Bridge Street, Westminster, in the County of London Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention (a communication to us by Frederick Mar-
shall, of Fredericksberg Alleé, 56, Copenhagen, in the Kingdom of Denmark,
Engineer), to be as follows:-
This invention relates to condensing apparatus chiefly designed for use in
cooling gas in the manufacture of the same, and to that class of such apparatus
wherein a series of water tubes are employed, the chief object of the said inven-
tion being to provide an apparatus wherein a maximum of cooling surface is
arranged in a minimum space.
According to the said invention we make use of a series of multitubular
elements arranged one above, another each element being composed of a series
of sections bolted or otherwise secured together the said elements and sections
being so connected together that the cooling water introduced into the section
at one end of one element will have to flow through all the sections of that element
from the other end of which it flows into the second element after traversing all
the tubes of which it flows into a third element and so on, the cooling capacity of
the apparatus being dependent upon the number of superposed elements and the
number of sections which such elements contain.
The whole apparatus is enclosed in a suitable casing preferably of wrought
iron provided with gas inlets and outlets.
In practice the water tubes, which are preferably more or less of an oval shape,
are connected in pairs to cast iron boxes which boxes have openings at the sides
and plane faces so arranged that when the boxes of the several sections of an
element are all placed together and connected by suitable tie bolts the cooling
water will flow, for instance as follows, vir. through the upper tube of the first
section into the lower tube of the said section, thence into the lower tube of the
second section and into the upper tube of the said section and thence through the
upper tube of the third section to the lower tube of the said section and so on
whereby a very zigzag or circuitous course is imparted to the water.
The box at one end of each section is preferably formed with mud holes which
are normally closed by covers the nuts for securing which are box nuts for pro-
tecting the ends of the studs or bolts from the action of the ammoniacal vapour
contained in the gas. The connecting pipes between the elements are arranged
in connection with adjacent pairs of these mud holes and the bolts for securing
the said connecting pipes are also provided with box nuts for the purpose above
mentioned

page_text: In erecting the apparatus it is important that the joints between the faces of
the sections of each element should be quite tight and these joints should be
tested from time to time before they are finally inserted in the apparatus so that
in case of any leakage the faulty section can be removed. Also it is advisable
that the pipes of the sections of each element should be opposite to the spaces
between the pipes of the adjacent element or elements so that the gas which flows
through the apparatus will be caused to travel in a zigzag course.
Baffle plates can also be arranged upon the sides of the condenser to prevent
the gas from flowing through a straight course.
Some of the advantages of the invention in addition to that of occupying
small space are the facilities for testing the parts of the apparatus before finally
erecting them in position, the ease with which the apparatus can be erected and
the ready access to every part of the same for cleaning purposes. Furthermore
the capacity of the apparatus can be readily increased and the light weight of
the apparatus makes it economical as regards capital outlay and transport.
Dated the 92nd day of March 1890
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Agents for the Applicants.
Improvements in Condensers chiefly Designed for Use in the
Manufacture of Gas.
i We, KIRKHAM, HULETT & CHANDLER LIMITED, of 3 & 4, Palace Chambers,
Bridge Street, Westminster, in the County of London Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention (a communication to me by Frederick Mar-
shall, of Fredericksberg Alleé, 56, Copenhagen, in the Kingdom of Denmark,
Engineer), and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:
This invention relates to condensing apparatus chiefly designed for use in
cooling gas in the manufacture of the same, and to that class of such apparatus
wherein a series of water tubes are employed, the chief object of the said inven-
tion being to provide an apparatus wherein a maximum of cooling surface is
arranged in a minimum space.
According to the said invention we make use of a series of multitubular
elements arranged one above another each element being composed of a series
of sections bolted or otherwise secured together the said elements and sections
being so connected together that the cooling water introduced into the section
at one end of one element will have to flow through all the sections of that element
from the other end of which it flows into the second element after traversing all
the tubes of which it flows into a third element and so on, the cooling capacity of
the apparatus being dependent upon the number of superposed elements and the
number of sections which such elements contain.
The whole apparatus is enclosed in a suitable casing preferably of wrought
iron provided with a gas inlet and outlet.
To enable our invention to be fully understood we will describe it by reference
to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a gas condenser constructed according to our
invention.
Figures 2 and 3 are respectively a front elevation and a side elevation of the
condenser with certain parts removed,

page_text: Figure 4 is a horizontal section on the line 4, 4, Figure 2.1
Figure 5 is a front elevation of a portion of two of the cooling elements con-
nected together, and
Figure 6 is a sectional side elevation of a portion of the same, the section
being on the line 6, 6, Figure 5.
Figure 7 is a sectional elevation of means for feeding the condenser with
ammoniacal liquor or water for extracting ammonia from the gas and removing
the tar deposited on the outsides of the cooling elements:
Figure 8 is a sectional elevation of means for intermittently feeding two
condensers with ammoniacal liquor or water, and
Figure 9 is a plan of the sanie.
Figures 2, 3, 4, 7, 8 and 9 are drawn to a larger scale than Figure 1 and
Figures 5 and 6 to a still larger scale.
:
Figures 2, 3 and 4 is the shell or casing of the condenser preferably built up
of wrought iron plates and angle irons and provided with openings a¹ and a for
the inlet and outlet of the gas respectively and a pipe for the discharge of the
tar and the like.
b, are the multitubular elements arranged in the casing a and c, c are the
sections composing the elements b, b.
In practice each section c consists of a pair of water tubes c¹ as shewn clearly
in Figures 5 and 6 which tubes are preferably more or less of an oval shape, and
connected at each end to cast iron boxes 7, . These boxes have openings e, e
at the sides and plane faces f, f arranged as shewn in Figure 4, and connected by
tie bolts g, g and box nuts go so that when the boxes of the several sections of an
element are all placed together the cooling water will flow, for instance as follows;
viz., through the tubes of the first section as indicated by the arrow 1 thence
into the tubes of the second section and thence through the tubes of the third
section and so on whereby a zigzag or circuitous course is imparted to the water.
The boxes at the ends of each section are preferably formed with cleaning out
holes which are normally closed by covers i, i and bolts j, j the nuts j¹; j¹
for securing which are-box nuts for protecting the ends of the said bolts from
the action of the ammoniacal vapour contained in the gas: the bolts j, j are
provided with arms k;k which engage behind the walls of the boxes d, d as
shewn in Figures-5 and 6. 7, 7 are connecting pipes between the elements b, b
which pipes are arranged in connection with adjacent pairs of cleaning out
holes h, hand the bolts, for securing the said connecting pipes are also pro-
vided with box nuts 12, 12 for the purpose above mentioned.
g, gare plates at each end of the elements and having feet which rest
upon flanges in the casing a. g, g are openings in the casing a for the
insertion or removal of the elements, the said openings being provided with
covers g³,
In erecting the apparatus it is important that the joints between the faces of
the sections of each element should be quite tight and these joints should be
tested from time to time before they are finally inserted in the apparatus so
that in case of any leakage the faulty section can be removed..
The elements are connected together by the pipes 7, 7 in the manner indicated
in Figure 2 so that the. water entering at m at the top of the condenser will
pass through the topmost element and thence through the successive
adjacent elements, it finally emerging from the condenser at n.
The gas at
the same time is caused to enter at the inlet a at the lower part of the con-
denser, passes between the cooling pipes of the various elements and emerges
through the outlet at the top of the condenser. Although we have described
the water and gas as passing into the condenser at the top and bottom respectively
we sometimes arrange the gas to pass in at the top and the water at the bottom.
In order that the gas shall have a somewhat zig-zag course through the con-
denser we advantageously arrange the sections of each element so that the tubes c

page_text: thereof are opposite the spaces between the tubes of the adjacent element or
elements as indicated in Figures 2 and 5.
Baffle plates o are also advantageously arranged upon the sides of the con-
denser to prevent the gas from flowing through a straight course.
o¹, o¹ are pipes connected to the sections c, c for allowing the escape of any air
that may be conveyed thereinto by the water.
Some of the advantages of the condenser in addition to that of occupying
small space are the facilities for testing the parts of the apparatus before finally
erecting them in position, the ease with which the apparatus can be erected and
the ready access to every part of the same for cleaning purposes. Furthermore
the capacity of the apparatus can be readily increased and the light weight of
the apparatus makes it economical as regards capital outlay and transport.
In order to assist in the extraction of the ammonia from the gas and remove
the tar deposited in the condenser upon the tubes of the elements we sometimes
make use of the arrangement illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 7 for passing a
continuous stream of ammoniacal liquor or water through the same. This arrange-
ment comprises a series of tubes p fixed to the top of the condenser and pro-
vided at their upper ends with funnels 1 for the reception of the ammoniacal
liquor or water from pipes 2 connected to the source of supply. The pipes p
are each provided with a bend 23 to form a seal and their lower ends discharge
into troughs 4 having serrated edges whereby the ammoniacal liquor or water
is caused to fall through the condenser in the form of rain or spray.
Instead of the arrangement just described we sometimes employ that shewn in
Figures 8 and 9 for producing an intermittent supply of ammoniacal liquor
the said arrangement being shewn in connection with two connected condensers.
In this arrangement a tumbling vessel is employed pivoted within a casing r
beneath the supply pipe 2. The tumbling vessel has two compartments so
arranged that when one is in position beneath the pipe p receiving a supply of
liquor the other is discharging a supply previously received. The bottom of the
casing is lower at the ends than at the middle as shewn to receive the liquor
from each of the compartments, of the vessel 7 the said ends being connected by a
pipe to the pipes p, . By this arrangement when the compartment of the
vessel which is beneath the supply pipe becomes full of liquor the weight
thereof overbalances the vessel which tumbles over and discharges the liquor
into one end of the casing the other compartment being brought into position
for a supply of liquor which compartment when full, causes the vessel to tumble
back to its initial position and so on.
s.s are pipes connecting the condensers a with the casing r so that the pressure
in the said condensers is communicated to the casing and is thus prevented from
retarding the flow of water through the pipes p, p.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and. in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that
what, we claim is:-
1. In condensing apparatus chiefly designed for use in the manufacture of gas
a series of multitubular elements arranged one above another and each composed
of a series of sections the said sections and elements being so arranged and con-
nected that the cooling medium will flow through the successive sections of
each element and through the successive elements, substantially as described.
2. In condensing apparatus of the kind described in the first claiming clause
forming the elements of a series of sections comprising pairs of tubes having
boxes at their ends provided with openings so arranged that the cooling medium
is caused to flow through the successive sections in a zig-zag manner, sub-
stantially as described.
3. The combination with apparatus of the kind described in the first claiming
clause of means for continuously or intermittently supplying ammoniacal liquor
or water, substantially as, and for the purpose described,

page_text: 4. The improved condensing apparatus consisting of the parts constructed and
combined, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accom-
panying drawings.
Tuted the ...... t I
TAKAMAI
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Agents for the Applicants.