SPINE BAGS TO BE EMPLOYED IN CONTROLLING THE CIRCULATION OF THE BLOOD BY THE COMBINED OF INDEPENDENT APPLICATION OF ICE OR ICED WATER AND WARM WATER OR OTHER FLUID TO THE REGION OF THE SPINAL CORD
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Chapman, of Albion Street, Hyde Park, in the
County of Middlesex, Doctor of Medicine, for the Invention of "SPINE
BAGS TO BE EMPLOYED IN CONTROLLING THE CIRCULATION OF THE BLOOD BY THE
COMBINED OF INDEPENDENT APPLICATION OF ICE OR ICED WATER AND WARM
WATER OR OTHER FLUID TO THE REGION OF THE SPINAL CORD."
Sealed the 23rd August 1864, and dated the 1st March 1864.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said John Chapman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Declaration,
on the 1st March 1864, pursuant to the 9th Section of the Patent Law
Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
CHAPMAN, of Albion Street, Hyde Park, in the County of Middlesex, Doctor
of Medicine, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "SPINE BAGS TO
BE EMPLOYED IN CONTROLLING THE CIRCULATION OF THE BLOOD BY THE COMBINED OR
INDEPENDENT APPLICATION OF ICE OF ICED WATER AND WARM WATER OR OTHER
FLUID TO THE REGION OF THE SPINAL CORD," and have petitioned Her Majesty
to grant unto me, my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal
Letters Patent for the same, and have made solemn declaration that I am
the true and first Inventor thereof, and that the same is not in use by any
other person or persons to the best of my knowledge and belief.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Chapman, do bereby declare that
the following Complete Specification under my hand and seal fully describes
and ascertains the nature of the said Invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed in and by the following statement (that is to say) :-
I form a bag of india-rubber or any other flexible waterproof or otherwise
suitable material, and divide it into several cells or compartments. These
cells or compartments may either communicate with or be permanently inde-
pendent of each other. In the former case the bag consists of a tube which
is flat when empty and oval shaped when sufficiently full, and which is closed
at the bottom and open at the top for the admission of the ice or fluid. After
putting a certain quantity of ice or fluid into the bag I apply a clamp to the
outside of it; the external pressure of this clamp causes the contents of the
bag to be hermetically sealed up; I then add more ice or fluid, and apply
another clamp, then more ice, and by means of a third clamp hermetically
close the mouth of the bag. By applying more clamps I can increase the
number of the cells or compartments, and by removing one or more of the
clamps I can cause the various cells or compartments to communicate with
each other. These clamps compress the back and front of the bag or tube,
and thus when it is filled with ice or fluid do not materially alter its oval
shape. When the cells or compartments are permanently independent of
each other I form the bag or tube as follows:-I form the bag with tw
vertical divisions or septa, the lower end of the one division or septum being
firmly attached to one side of the bag at a little way from the bottom, the
lower end of the other division or septum being firmly attached to the same
side a little way from the top. In order to fill this bag I put as much ice or
fluid into it as will reach up to the part where the lower division or septum
begins, then on the opposite side of that division or septum I put as much ice
as will reach up to the part where the second division or septum begins; then
on the opposite side of that division or septum I put as much ice as will fill
the remaining space in the bag; I then hermetically close the mouth of the
bag by compressing it with a clamp.
If I should desire to act on the region of the spinal cord, but without
bringing anything immediately over the spine itself, I employ for that purpose
a bag consisting of two tubular cells or compartments placed a little way
apart, communicating with each other at the top and bottom, and having an
orifice above the point of junction at the top. A nozzle is affixed to this
orifice through which iced or hot water may be poured in order to fill the
tubular cells or compartments. The nozzle is opened or closed by means of a

page_text: screwed cap similar to that employed to open or close the nozzle of india-
rubber bags used as foot warmers.
I am aware that bags have been made of india-rubber for the application of
hot or cold fluids or substances to various parts of the human body; the
formation of these bags is well known and constitutes no part of my Inven-
tion; what I claim is,-
Firstly, the formation of spine bags divided into several cells or compart-
ments by the external pressure of suitable clamps.
Secondly, the application of clamps (which, when closed, exercise a lateral
pressure on the bag, so that when it is full they detract little from its oval
shape), to dividing the bag into equally or unequally sized and hermetically
sealed cells or compartments, and to hermetically closing the mouth of
the bag.
Thirdly, the formation of spine bags composed of india-rubber or any other
flexible, waterproof, and otherwise suitable material divided into permanently
independent cells or compartments by one or more fixed vertical divisions or
septa, and having their mouths hermetically closed by the external pressure of
suitable clamps.
And, fourthly, the formation of spine bags consisting of two or more upright
tubular cells or compartments.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Chapman, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this First day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
JOHN CHAPMAN. (L.8.)