Improvements in or connected with Bakers' Ovens.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Sept., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 30th July, 1890-Accepted, 30th Aug., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Bakers' Ovens.
I, JAMES KIDMAN, Confectioner, of 30, Hill Road, Wimbledon, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to ordinary bakers' ovens in which the fire place communicates
directly with the baking space or oven proper, the furnace being usually placed on the
left side of the oven and level with the same. In such ovens as have been hitherto
made, it is not possible or desirable to maintain a good fire, while the loaves are in the
oven; consequently, after the loaves are baked, the fire must be revived or re-kindled
for the next operation, so as to cause much delay. Moreover, the vapours arising from
the loaves during the process of baking have free access to the furnace, where they
come in contact with the red hot coal or coke, and produce a disagreeable smell which
is communicated to the bakehouse.
To avoid these drawbacks, I place between the furnace and the baking space a
vertically movable damper (hereafter called "furnace damper ") suspended from a
chain which runs over a pair of pulleys and carries at the other end a balance weight.
Another damper (hereafter called "flue damper") is placed in an auxiliary or
sulphur flue that leads from the side of the furnace to the ordinary smoke and sulphur
flue situated above the oven door; the latter serving as usual, to conduct to the
chimney the hot gases and vapours that may escape from the oven door when the
latter is opened.
I also make the fire place deeper than usual, so that the floor of the same is at a
lower level than that of the baking space, and the cinders and ashes will not, there-
fore, easily pass from the furnace grate into the baking space.
For heating the oven, the furnace damper described above, and the ordinary damper
situated at the back of the oven are both opened, so that the fire from the furnace
has free access to the oven; the flue damper (in the sulphur flue) being meanwhile
closed.
When the oven is sufficiently heated, the furnace daniper is closed, and the flue
damper opened, so as to shut off the oven from the fire place and allow the furnace
gases to escape into the sulphur flue. The loaves are then placed in the oven and
baked, while the fire in the furnace is kept alive, so that it can be quickly set in full
operation again for the next heating of the oven.
Dated this 30th day of September 1889.
J. KIDMAN.
By Fairfax & Wetter,
433, Strand, London, Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Bakers' Ovens.
I, JAMES KIDMAN, Confectioner, of 30, Hill Road, Wimbledon, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
My invention relates to ordinary bakers' ovens, in which the fire place communi-
cates directly with the baking space or oven proper, the furnace being usually placed
on the left side of the oven and level with the same. It is applicable both to single
ovens and to double or "deck ovens. In such ovens as usually made, it is not
possible or desirable, to maintain a good fire, while the loaves are in the oven;
Price 8d1
"

page_text: consequently, after the loaves are baked, the fire must be revived or re-kindled for
the next operation, thus causing much delay. Moreover, the vapours arising from
the loaves during the process of baking have free access to the furnace, where they
come in contact with the red-hot coal or coke, and produce a disagreeable smell,
which is communicated to the bakehouse.
To avoid these drawbacks, I employ a pair of dampers, one being placed between
the furnace and the baking space and suspended from a chain which runs over a pair
of pulleys and carries at the other end a balance weight; while the other damper is
placed in an auxiliary or sulphur flue, that leads from the side of the furnace to the
ordinary smoke and sulphur flue communicating with the chimney.
I also make the fireplace deeper than usual, so that the floor of the same or the
surface of the grate, is at a lower level than that of the baking space, and the cinders
and ashes will not, therefore, easily pass from the furnace grate into the baking
space.
In the accompanying drawing, Fig. 1 is a vertical section of a furnace and oven
embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a front view of the same, Fig. 3 is a vertical
section of the short passage which connects the furnace with the oven; Fig. 4 is a
plan and Fig. 5 a front elevation of a furnace damper which may be used in my oven,
Fig. 6 is a plan and Fig. 7 a front view of the iron damper frame shown in Figs. 4
and 5, and Fig. 8 is a horizontal section through the vertical side posts which servo to
guide the damper. F represents the furnace, B the vacant space or oven proper,
D the furnace damper, A the auxiliary or sulphur flue, shown in Fig. 2 by dotted
lines, D a horizontally movable damper or slide placed in the flue A, as seen in
Fig. 2, which only shows the handle of this damper and the rectangular recess of the
wall surrounding the said handle, fis the furnace door, g the grate, S is the spindle of
the vertically movable furnace damper D. Crepresents the chain, from which the
damper D is suspended. This chain runs over a pair of pulleys and carries in front a
counter weight W, 6 is the oven door.
The damper D may have any convenient shape, but the main body and the guide
posts should be made of a fire-proof material, for instance refractory, earthenware.
The damper is preferably a plate of refractory material guided between two grooved
posts G of the same material.
The connection between the spindle S and the body of the damper may be made in
any convenient manner, for instance by means of a rectangular iron frame J,
enclosing the damper, as shown by Figs. 4 to 7, but I prefer to employ a con-
struction by which the contact of the Hame with the iron or with the guide posts
is avoided.
For heating the oven, the furnace damper D, and the ordinary damper situated at
the back of the oven, are both opened, so that the fire from the furnace has free
access to the oven, and the gases of combustion may pass through the same to the
chimney, the damper D' being meanwhile closed.
After the oven has been sufficiently heated, the damper D is closed, and the
damper D opened, so as to separate the oven from the fire place and allow the
furnace gases to escape into the smoke and sulphur flue. The loaves are then placed
in the oven and baked, while the fire in the furnace is kept alive, so that it can be
quickly set in full .operation for heating the oven again, after the loaves have been
removed and the damper D again opened.
The dampers D and D' are thus opened and closed alternately.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim :
1. In a side flue oven, the combination of a damper placed behind the fireplace
and adapted to interrupt communication between the latter and the baking space,
with a damper placed in an auxiliary flue leading from the furnace to the chimney,
substantially as described and for the purposes specified.
2.. In a side flue oven, the combination of the baking space or oven proper, with a
furnace situated slightly lower than the sole of the oven, and a damper adapted to

page_text: interrupt communication between the furnace and the oven, substantially as described
and for the purposes specified.
3. The method of working a side flue oven, which consists in first heating the
interior of the oven as usual, then interrupting communication of the furnace with the
oven, establishing communication with an auxiliary flue and introducing the bread,
while keeping up a low fire, subsequently, after the baking is completed and the
bread removed from the oven, establishing again communication with the oven,
closing the auxiliary flue and again heating the oven, substantially as described.
4. The improved bakers' oven, constructed and adapted to operate substantially as
described and shown by the drawings.
JAMES KIDMAN.
By Fairfax & Wetter,
Agents.