CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING
Year: 1845

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, GREETING,
I, JAMES CLARK, of the City of Glasgow, in Scotland, Power Leom Manu-
facturer.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Iler Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at Westminster,
the Fourteenth day of February, Eighteen hundred and forty-five, in the
eighth year of Her reign, did give and grant unto me, the said James Clark,
my exors, adñiors, and assigns, Her special license, full power, sole privilege
and authority, that I, the said James Clark, my exors, adñiors, and assigns,
and every of them, by myself and themselves, or by my and their deputy or
deputies, servants or agents, or such others as I, the said James Clark, my
exors and admiors or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter, during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
that part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called
England, the Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and
in the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and also in all
Her Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, in such manner as to me,
the said James Clark, my exors, adiñiors, and assigns, or any of them, should
in my or their wisdoms seem meet, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN WEAVING;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso that
I, the said James Clark, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, & cause the same to be

page_text: enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery, within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited
Letters Patent, as, reference being thereto had, will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
James Clark, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following instrument in writing.
My Invention consists of improvements in looms for weaving fabrics by
steam or other power, by which two pieces or webs of cloth can be woven in
one loom in place of one web or piece, as is the common practice. And in
order that my Invention may be fully understood I proceed to explain these
improvements, reference being made to the Drawings annexed.
Fig. is a front view of the loom, shewing the two pieces or webs of
cloth and the heddles, without any of the gearing or driving apparatus;
Fig. 2 is a left-hand side view; and Fig. 3 is a right-hand side view
of the loom. The frame of the loom will be understood to be of cast
iron. The lower part of Fig. 2 represents: A, driving pully on the main
shaft; B, a toothed wheel on the main shaft moving a toothed wheel C
twice the diameter of B. C revolves on a strong stud or pivot, which is fixed
to a bracket attaclied to the frame of the loom. To the wheel C are attached,
by any suitable means, a picking pully D and a shedding pully K moving
round along with the wheel. The picking pully D acts upon the picking
apparatus E, F, G, H, I, which moves the shuttle across the lay in the usual
manner. The shedding pully K works on the treddle L, which acts upon the
heddles by means of the cord M, so as to produce the sheds through which
the shuttle passes. N, a small pully over which the cord M passes. There
are connecting rods from the main shaft to the lay in the usual manner, see
Fig. 2 and 3.
There are no wyper shafts used in this loom, the wheels C
supplying the place of wyper shafts by means of of the picking pully D, and
the shedding pully K acting on the picking and shedding apparatus. There
are two driving shafts and two lays placed one above the other, as indicated in
Figs. 2 and 3. The driving power is communicated on the left-hand side of
the loom to the lower main shaft by a belt or band, as shown in Fig. 2, and
the upper main shaft is driven on the right-hand side of the loom, see Fig. 3.
I have thus described the end of the lower main shaft which is driven by the
belt. The other end has also fixed upon it a wheel B moving a toothed
wheel C, to which pullies, similar to D and K, are attached, working the picking
& shedding apparatus. This end is, in short, fitted up precisely similar to the

page_text: other, except that there is neither belt nor pully A, the motion being given to
it from the end first described. I would also explain that all these wheels and
pullies are placed on the outside of the frame of the loom on both sides. The
warp beam is similar to what is generally used; and any one of the known
motions for taking up the cloth after it is woven may be used. It will thus
be seen that all the necessary movements for weaving are produced, and in a
mode that will be easily understood, the principal motions having been well
known and practised either in the same or a similar form for many years.
The upper part of Fig. 3 is exactly similar to the lower part of Fig. 2, and
both ends of the upper main shaft are fitted up exactly similar to the ends of
the lower main shaft; and the remarks and explanations made above regard-
ing the lower shaft will apply equally to the upper shaft. The lower main
shaft is driven on the left-hand side of the loom; the upper main shaft is
driven on the right-hand side. There are, therefore, two belts necessary to
drive the loom, according to the mode of working above described. The two
shafts may, however, be driven by one belt in any convenient mode. I think
the above mode the most convenient. The upper or lower main shaft may be
thrown off working by means of a belt guide acting in the usual manner, and
throwing the belt on the loose-driving pully, and the usual connection between
the weft protection on the lay and the belt guide is employed so as to throw
the loom off working in any of the usual emergencies. It will be seen that
the upper and lower driving shafts are quite unconnected, so that they may
either both be working at one time, or either of them may remain idle, with-
out affecting the working of the other. I would, however, remark, that I
have employed only one driving shaft to the above loom, and by putting four
connecting rods on this shaft attached to two lays I have produced two webs
or pieces of cloth. This mode is therefore cheaper than that described above,
and in some cases may be used to advantage. The above loom for weaving
two pieces of cloth may be applied to hand-loom weaving in any suitable or
convenient manner.
Having thus described my improvements in weaving. I would remark that I
lay no claim to any parts of the machinery by themselves; but what I claim
as my Invention is the principle of weaving two webs or pieces of cloth in
one loom in the manner herein described, or by similar suitable and convenient
modes.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Clark, have hereunto set my
band and scal, at Glasgow, in Scotland, this Eleventh day of August,
eighteen hundred and forty-five years.
JAMES CLARK. (L.S.)

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Eleventh day of August, in
the year of our Lord 1845, the aforesaid James Clark came before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Fourteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-five.