IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Morley, Secretary to the Improved
Electric Telegraph Company Limited, of 116, Palmerston Buildings,
in the City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS."-A communication from abroad by Julien
Godener, of 57, Rue de l'Ouest, Paris, in the Republic of France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Morley at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 9th August 1875.
'
I, ROBERT MORLEY, Secretary to the Improved Electric Telegraphi
Company Limited, of 116, Palmerston Buildings, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS
IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS," to be as follows:
In automatic telegraphs in which chemically prepared paper is
employed, the production of colored marks upon the moist paper is
accompanied in the systems now employed with an uneveness and

page_text: spreading of the color which is in itself sufficient to obscure the intervals
between the different signs forming the letters. This indecision in the
electro-chemical marks becomes more than ever manifest upon long
acrial lines, and above all when working through submarine or sub-
terranean cables in consequence of the discharge currents which prolong
the action of the transmitted' currents.
This Invention has for its object to avoid these difficulties by dis-
charging a battery upon the receiving apparatus, at the same time that
the line is traversed by currents from two batteries alternately positive
and negative. To obtain these results the arrangement of apparatus,
battery, and connections represented in diagram 1 of the annexed
Drawings is employed.
At the transmitting station the copper pole of a battery A is coupled
with a metallic pencil a, and the zinc pole is coupled to the metallic
surface e over which passes the perforated paper. The surface e has also
an carth connection. The line is coupled to the copper pole; a branch
from the line at the transmitting station is led to earth, and in this
branch is introduced an adjustable resistance R³ dependent upon the
length of the line.
At the receiving station a battery B is inserted in the line, the zinc
pole opposed to the copper pole of the transmitting battery; a second
battery C is. coupled with the line by its copper pole, and the zinc pole
of the battery is coupled to the metallic surface cover which the
chemically prepared paper is passed and also with the rheostat R¹, the
other extremity of which has an carth connection. A branch leaves the
line between the two batteries B and C, and passes to earth traversing
a rheostat R², and the pen 6 is connected to the branch between the
rheostat and the earth.
The transmission of the signals is effected in the following manner :—
When the metallic pencil a encounters the perforations forming the
signals the battery A is short circuited, and its current does not enter
upon the line. At the same time the current from the zinc pole of the
battery B traverses the line and passes to earth through the rheostat R³,
and the current from the copper pole of the same battery goes to earth
through the rheostat R². At the same time the current from the copper
pole of the battery C passes through the rheostat R to the branch to

page_text: which the pen 6 resting upon the chemically prepared paper is
connected, and this current leaves traces upon the paper corresponding
to the closing of the short circuit of the battery A. The rheostat R¹
serves to regulate the quantity of the current of the battery B passing
by the pen to the chemically prepared paper. When the pencil a of
the transmittor is insulated by the paper passing beneath it the current
of the battery A passes in great part on to the line, and goes to augment
the current of the battery B, which thus reinforced traverses the
battery C, the effect of which is thus annulled and so it flows to carth.
By this arrangement there will not be any blotches on the under side
of the chemically prepared paper, and the characters will be sharp and
distinct. The line always being coupled at its two extremities to the
earth and being traversed by currents alternately positive and negative,
the discharge of the condensed electricity of the line is very rapidly
effected without producing any effect upon the chemical paper..
In order to transmit signals at a high rate of speed at the same time
in opposite directions over one wire, the arrangement shown at
diagram 2 of the Drawings annexed is employed. In this arrangement
the line a is connected at one station to two metallic surfaces and c..
The copper pole of the battery A is connected to a wire brush d, which
rests on the metallic surface over which the perforated paper passes,
and the zinc pole of said battery A is connected to the earth. The
stylus e which rests upon the metallic plate cover which the chemically
prepared paper passes is connected through a rheostat R by line z to
earth. At the opposite station the line is forked at n, one branch is
connected to the stylus g, which rests upon the metallic surface s, over
which the chemically prepared paper passes, and this metallic surface s
is connected to the zinc pole of the battery C, and the copper pole of
said battery C is connected to the earth; the other branch of the line
is connected to the zinc pole of the battery B, and the copper pole of
the said battery B is connected to the wire brush h, which rests upon
the metallic surface m over which the perforated paper passes, and
this metallic surface m is connected to the earth.

page_text: the quantity being regulated by the resistance interposed by the
rheostat R, and it passes through the stylus g, and the chemically
prepared paper on the metallic surfaces being reinforced by the current
of battery C, and thence to earth by the line p, leaving on the chemically
prepared paper marks corresponding to the duration of contacts of the
wire brush d on the metallic surface through the perforations in the
paper thus the signals sent from A are recorded at s.
.
When the wire brush encounters the perforations forming the
signals the current from the copper pole of battery B passes to the
metallic plate m and thence to earth, and a current of the same kind
passes from the earth by the line through the rheostat R and stylus e
through the chemically prepared paper, passing over the metallic plate c;
leaving upon the chemically prepared paper marks corresponding to the
duration of contacts of the wire brush h, through the perforations in the
paper on the metallic surface m, and thus the signals sent from B are
recorded on D.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Robert Morley in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 8th February 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT 2
MORLEY, Secretary to the Improved Electric Telegraph Company
Limited, of 116, Palmerston Buildings, in the City of London, send
greeting.
'
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of August, in the year of 2
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Robert Morley, Her special license
that I, the said Robert Morley, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Robert Morley, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term

page_text: therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS," a communication to me from abroad by Julien
Godener, of 57, Rue de l'Ouest, Paris, in the Republic of France, upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Robert Morley, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Morley, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
-
In automatic telegraphs in which chemically prepared paper is
employed the production of colored marks upon the moist paper is
accompanied in the systems now employed with an uneveness and
spreading of the color which is in itself sufficient to obscure the intervals
between the different signs forming the letters. This indecision in the
electro-chemical marks becomes more than ever manifest upon long.
aerial lines, and above all when working through submarine or sub-
terranean cables in consequence of the discharge currents which prolong.
the action of the transmitted currents.
My Invention has for its object to avoid these difficulties by dis-
charging a battery upon the receiving apparatus at the same time that
the line is traversed by currents from two batteries alternately positive
and negative. To obtain these results the arrangement of apparatus,
battery, and connections represented in diagram 1 of the annexed
Drawings is employed.
At the transmitting station the copper pole of a battery A is coupled
with a metallic pencil a, and the zinc pole is coupled to the metallic,
surface e, over which passes the perforated paper. The surface e has
also an earth connection. The line is coupled to the copper pole. A.
branch from the line at the transmitting station is led to earth, and in

page_text: this. branch is introduced an adjustable resistance R³ dependent on
the length of the line..
At the receiving station a battery B is inserted in the line, the zinc
pole opposed to the copper pole of the transmitting battery; a second
battery C is coupled with the line by its copper pole, and the zinc pole
of the battery is coupled to the metallic surface c over which the
chemically prepared paper is passed, and also with the rheostat R', the
other extremity of which has an earth connection. A branch leaves the
line between the two batteries B and C, and passes to earth, traversing
a rheostat R³, and the pen b is connected to the branch between the
rheostat and the earth. Another branch from the line near the zinc
pole of battery B at the receiving station is led to the earth, and in this
branch is introduced an adjustable rheostat R dependent upon the
length of the line.
-
The transmission of the signals is effected in the following manner:
When the metallic pencil a encounters the perforations forming the
signals, the battery A is short circuited, and its current does not enter
upon the line. At the same time the current from the zinc pole of the
batter B traverses the line and passes to earth through the rheostats R*
and R, and the current from the copper pole of the same battery goes
to earth through the rheostat R. At the same time the current from
the copper pole of the battery C passes through the rheostat R³ to the
branch, to which the pen resting upon the chemically prepared paper
is connected, and this current leaves traces upon the paper corresponding
to the closing of the short circuit of the battery A. The rheostat R¹
serves to regulate the quantity of the current of the battery C passing
by the pen to the chemically prepared paper. When the pencil a of
the transmitter is insulated by the paper passing beneath it, the current
of the battery A passes in great part on to the line and goes to augment
the current of the battery B, which thus reinforced traverses the
battery C, the effect of which is thus annulled and so it flows to earth.
By this arrangement there will not be any blotches on the under side
of the chemically prepared paper and the characters will be sharp and
distinct. The line always being coupled at its two extremities to the
earth, and being traversed by currents alternately positive and negative,
the discharge of the condensed electricity of the line is very rapidly
effected without producing any effect upon the chemical paper.

page_text: In order to transmit signals at a high rate of speed at the same time
in opposite directions over one wire, the arrangement shewn at.
diagram 2 of the Drawings annexed is employed. In this arrangement
the line a is connected at one station to two metallic surfaces b and c.
The copper pole of a battery A is connected to a wire brush d, which
rests on the metallic surface over which the perforated paper passes,
and the zinc pole of said battery A is connected to the earth through
rheostat R². The stylus e which rests upon the metallic plate c, over
which the chemically prepared paper passes, is connected through a
rheostat R¹ by line.z to earth. At the opposite station the line is forked
at n, one branch is connected to the stylus g, which rests upon the
metallic surfaces over which the chemically prepared paper passes, and
this metallic surfaces is connected to the zinc pole of the battery C,,
and the copper pole of said battery C is connected to the earth; the¸
other branch of the line is connected to the zinc pole of battery B, and
the copper pole of the said battery B is connected to the wire brush /,
which rests upon the metallic surface m, over which the perforated
paper passes, and this metallic surface m is connected to the earth.
The transmission of the signals is effected in the following manner :-
When contact is made by the brush on through the perforations,
the current from the copper pole of battery A passes to the line and is
divided at o, the greater part being directed over the line a by means.
of rheostat R¹; this current on arriving at n is again divided at n, if
there be contact of h on m part passing through stylus g, which rests on
the chemical paper on plates and is reinforced by battery c, and thus
marks are made on chemical paper at s corresponding to the duration
of contacts of d on at that transmitting station. If there be no
contact of on m all of the current of A which arrives at n will pass
through stylus g. In this manner the signals made by d on bare
recorded with distinctness by stylus g on chemical paper passing over
metallic plate s.
In the transmission of signals from 1 to e the current of battery B,
when contact is made by brush hon m through the perforations, passes
to the earth, and at the same time a current of the same kind passes
from the earth by the line through rheostat R' to the stylus e which
rests on the chemical paper, leaving marks thereon as the paper passes
over the metallic plate c, corresponding, to the duration of contacts of h

page_text: с
on m; if there be at the same time contact of d on b, part of the current
of B passes through rheostat R from the earth regulated by that
rheostat. Part of the current of battery A always passes to earth
through and e, but that current leaves a feeble mark only on the
under side of the chemical paper, and does not interfere with the
distinctness of the signals, but as it is opposed to the current of
battery B, when signals are transmitted from / to c it serves to make
those signals begin and end abruptly and squarely. Also that part of
the current of battery B which passes from the earth up the line p,
when contacts are made by h on m, serves to make the signals recorded
ons begin and end abruptly and squarely. In this manner the signals
made by hon m are recorded with distinctness by stylus e on c, and the
transmission of signals simultaneously from a to s and from / to c is
effected without interfering with each other.
Having now described the nature of my said Inventions and the
manner in which they are performed, I hereby claim as my Invention,―
First. The connections of the line with the batteries with the
resistance coils and the derivations, as fully described and exhibited in
diagram 1.
Second. The derivation from the line to the earth through a 1
rheostat R³ at the station of transmission, and a derivation from the line
to the earth through a rheostat R*.
Third. A battery B placed on the line at the receiving station with
its poles opposed to the poles of the battery at the transmitting station.
Fourth. A derivation placed on the line at the receiving station
between the two batteries B and C, through a rheostat R to earth and
to the recording stylus b.
Fifth. The line which connects the zinc pole of battery C, through a
rheostat R¹ to the earth at the receiving station.
I also claim,―
First. The connections of the batteries with the lines and with the
transmitters and receivers, as fully described and exhibited in diagram 2.

page_text: Third. The connection of the main line a with a receiver s, and with
transmitter / through a battery B at the opposite station.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Morley, have hereunto
set my hand and scal, this Twenty-seventh day of January, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
six.