IMPROVEMENTS IN WARMING AND VENTILATING
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Walker Muir, of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WARMING
AND VENTILATING,"
Sealed the 13th July 1858, and dated the 13th January 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Walker Muir
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 13th January 1858.
I, GEORGE WALKER MUIR, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WARMING AND VENTILATING," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate, first, to forming the pipes through which bot
water is made to circulate with flanges. The pipes so formed are placed on
the top of the fresh-airdrain, and are thereby made to support tiles with which
they are covered. The flanges and tiles have openings through which the air
passes from the drain into the place to be warmed.
The improvements relate, secondly, to constructing ventilators or ventilating
shafts, in such a manner that inward and outward currents are produced and
maintained.

page_text: The shafts by which I effect ventilation may be square, round, polygonal,
or otherwise iu their section, and are formed double, that is, one within the
diameter or circumference of the other. The outer shaft is divided vertically
into compartments, but the inner is not generally so divided. The compart-
ments of the outer shaft may be used for either inward or outward currents,
but the inner shaft I prefer to be used for outward currents only.
The compartments are at their lower parts, or their entrance into the
place to be ventilated, by preference turned into a horizontal direction, or
parallel to the roof or ceiling, so that when fresh air is entering by any of
them it may not pass down in a direct line, but will be deflected horizontally,
whereby the force-with which it enters is spent, and the air being cool sinks
down by its superior gravity.
The ventilating means, as it appears outside of the place to be ventilated,
may be made either plain or of a highly ornamental character. The inner
shaft is carried higher than the openings to the upper, part of the outer shaft,
and terminates in a top constructed to prevent air blowing into and down that
shaft; this top may be encircled by the outer shaft, which is then carried up
outside the inner one. The compartments of the outer shaft are, however,
terminated under the mouth of the inner oue, and are separated therefrom.
The adaptations are peculiarly applicable when what are known as sun
lights are used, and when so applied the heat from the column of hot vapour
ascending the inner shaft will be partially conveyed to and warm the fresh
air as it enters by the compartments of the outer shaft. If it be desired to
discharge the hot vapour into the attic from the shaft as it passes through,
be done by the innershaft being stopped at a point within the attic
and divided into smaller ones, which may be carried at a suitable line across
the compartments of the inner shaft.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Walker Muir in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 13th July 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
WALKER MUIR, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.:
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year. of
.

page_text: Her reign, did, for Herself,. Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said George Walker Muir, Her special licence, that I, the said
George Walker Muir, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said George Walker Muir, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times,thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
au Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WARMING AND VENTILATING," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said George Walker Muir, my execu-
tors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent:
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Walker Muir, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
The improvements relate, first, to forming the pipes through which hot
water is made to circulate with flanges. The pipes so formed are placed on
the top of the fresh-air drain, and are thereby made to support tiles with
which they are covered. The flanges and tiles have openings through which
the air passes from the drain into the place to be warmed.
The improvements relate, secondly, to constructing ventilators orventilating
shafts in such a manner that inward and outward currents are produced and
maintained.
The shafts by which I effect ventilation may be square, round, polygonal,
or otherwise in their section, and are formed double, that is, one within the
diameter or circumference of the other. The outer shaft is divided vertically
so divided. The compart-
into compartments, but the inner is not generally
ments of the outer shaft may be used for either inward or outward currents
but the inner shaft 1 prefer to be used for outward currents only. The com-
partments are at their lower parts, or their entrance into the place to be
ventilated, by preference turned into a horizontal direction, or parallel to the
roof or ceiling, so that when fresh air is entering by any of them it may not
pass down in a direct line, but will be deflected horizontally, whereby the force

page_text: with which it enters is spent, and the air being cool sinks down by its superior
Agravity.
The ventilating means, as it appears outside of the place to be ventilated,
may be made either plain or of a highly ornamental character. The inner
shaft is carried higher than the openings to the upper part of the outer shaft,
aud terminates in a a top constructed to prevent air blowing into and down that
shaft; this top may be encircled by the outer shaft, which is then carried up
outside the inner one. The compartments of the outer shaft are, however,
terminated under the mouth of the inner one, and are separated therefrom.
י
The adaptations are peculiarly applicable when what are known as sun
lights are used, and when so applied the heat from the column of hot vapour
ascending the inner shaft will be partially conveyed to and warmthe freshair
as it enters by the compartments of the outer shaft If it be desired to
discharge the hot vapour into the attic from the shaft as it passes through,
that may be done by the inner shaft being stopped at a point within the attic
and divided into smaller ones, which may be carried at a suitable line across
the compartments of the inner shaft.
But that the nature of these my improvements may be more fully under
stood, I will proceed to describe the same more in detail, aided by the accom-
panying Drawings.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows a plan, and Figure 2 a section, of a pipe constructed
according to the first part of the Invention; and I would state that I prefer to
cast these pipes in length with flanges, to facilitate the joining of them
together, but this may be varied; is the passage for the hot water, and b, b,
the flanges thereof by which the tiles are supported; one of these tiles, the
character of which may be varied, is represented in Figure 2 in position by
dotted lines c. I form the flanges 6 with perforations 61, as shown, but the
form or character of such perforations may be varied; and I prefer that the
perforations through the tiles may be of a similar character, by which any air
conveyed into a drain over which such pipes are placed will become heated by
the hot water passing through the passages a, and may be conveyed into the
apartment by the passages b¹. a¹, a', are the flanges, by bolts through which
the lengths of pipe may be connected together. If preferred, pipes such as
described may be used without covering tiles.
Figure 3.shows a vertical section, and Figure 4 a sectional plan, of appa-
ratus constructed according to the second part of the Invention. d, d, is the
outer shaft, which is divided vertically by the boards e, e, e, e, into separate

page_text: compartments or channels e¹, e', el, e, by which I convey cold or fresh air to
the apartment, as indicated by the arrows, or to allow vitiated air to escape
through one or more of them, whilst fresh air is conveyed inwards by the
others, according to the direction of the external currents of air. is the
inner compartment or channel by which I prefer to convey away vitiated air
from the room. The compartments or channels e¹, e¹, e', e', are turned into a
horizontal direction by means of the horizontal plate g, which may be varied
in form and character so as to have an ornamental appearance if desired.
By thus causing the openings e¹ into the room to be horizontal the fresh air
thereby conveyed is prevented from passing immediately down in direct
vertical lines, or is more uniformly distributed over the apartment to sink
therein by its superior gravity. Air is admitted to or discharged from the
chambers e¹ of the outer shaft between the louvre boards d¹, and air is
discharged from the inner shaft. f by the louvre boards d2, but the form and
character of these openings may be varied; f is an opening all round the
upper part of the inner tube f, to admit of air passing therefrom, and the
opening is protected from drafts passing through between the louvre boards d³
by the cap or cover, and thence the air passes from the tubef out by the
louvre boards d. i is a pipe to conduct away the vapours generated from
that description of gas light commonly called sun or roof lights, and the heat
thereby generated will be found to warm the air entering by the outer
compartments. Figure 5 shows another section arranged according to my
improvements, by which the heated air conducted by the pipe i may, if desired,
be conducted into the attic of the building by pipes . I employ flaps or
valves in the ventilating shafts to regulate or shut off the currents of air, as
may be required.
The means of supporting the gas burners and parts connected with them I
have not thought it necessary to show, as these will be varied and are well
understood.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the means
which I adopt in carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood"
that I do not confine myself to the precise details shown, as these may be
varied; but what I do claim is, the forming of pipes for the conveyance of
hot water for purposes of warming, and concealing or covering the same with
perforated tiles, in manner substantially as explained.
Secondly, I claim the mode of constructing apparatus for ventilating
apartments, substantially as explained.
And also I claim the so arranging and combining parts of ventilating appa-

page_text: ratus that the vapours generated from that description of gas burners called
sun lights or roof lights may be thereby conducted from the apartment.
In witness whereof, 1, the said George Walker Muir, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight..
Witness;
C. LINDSAY,
... Manchester.
GEORGE WALKER MUIR.. (L.S.)
Manchester, 12th July, 1858.,