A MACHINE OR INSTRUMENT NEVER BEFORE FOUND OUT, PRACTISED, OR USED FOR SPINNING WOOLLEN YARN, AND POR SPINNING COTTON WOOL INTO YARN SO AS TO MAKE IT FIT FOR WOOPTS, AND ANSWER EVERY PURPOSE BETTER THAN THAT WHICH IS SPUN BY THE HAND,
Year: 1783

page_text: BROTHERSON, of Pennycuick, Cotton Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS I, the said Peter Brotherston, did, by my petition, humbly repre-
sent to His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, that I had
by much labour, expence, and trouble, invented and discovered "A MACHINE OR
INSTRUMENT NEVER BEFORE FOUND OUT, PRACTISED, OR USED FOR SPINNING WOOLLEN
YARN, AND POR SPINNING COTTON WOOL INTO YARN SO AS TO MAKE IT FIT FOR WOOPTS,
AND ANSWER EVERY PURPOSE BETTER THAN THAT WHICH IS SPUN BY THE HAND,"
which would be of great public utility; I therefore humbly prayed His said
Majesty to grant unto me, my executors, administrators, and assigns, His Royal
Letters Patent for the sole use, benefit, and advantage of said Invention, within
that part of His said Majesty's Kingdom of Great Britain called England, His
Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, for the term of fourteen
years, agreeable to the Statute in that behalf, His said Majesty being willing to
give encouragement to all arts and inventions which might be for the public
good, was graciously pleased to condescend to my request; and therefore, by His
Letters Patent, bearing date at Westminster, the Twentieth day of February,
in the twenty-third year of His reign, of His especial grace, certain knowledge,
and mere motion, for Himself, His heirs and successors, did give and grant
unto me, the said Peter Brotherston, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
His especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said
Peter Brotherston, my executors, administrators, or assigns, and every of us,
by myself and themselves, or by mine and their deputy or deputies, servants

page_text: or agents, or such others as I, the said Peter Brotherston, my executors,
administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter, during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, my said
Invention, within that part of His Majestie's said Kingdom of Great Britain
called England, His Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,
in such manner as to me, the said Peter Brotherston, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, or any of us, should in our discretions seem meet, and
that I, the said Peter Brotherston, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should and lawfully might have and enjoy the whole profit, benefit, commodity
and advantage, from time to time coming, growing, accruing, and arising by
reason of the said Invention, for and during the term of years therein men-
tioned, to have, hold, exercise, and enjoy the said licence, powers, privileges,
and advantages therein-before granted or mentioned to be granted unto me,
the said Peter Brotherston, my executors, administrators, and assigns, for and
- during and unto the full end and term of fourteen years from the date of the
said Letters Patent next and immediately ensuing, and fully to be compleat
and ended, according to the Statute in such case made and provided; in
which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that if I, the said Peter
Brotherston, should not particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and cause the same to
be inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery, within four calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent, that
then the said Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages whatsoever
thereby granted should utterly cease, determine, and become void, anything
therein contained to the contrary thereof in anywise notwithstanding, as in
and by the said Letters Patent (relation being thereunto had) may more fully
and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Peter Brotherstone, in compliance with
the said proviso, do hereby describe and ascertain the nature of my said
Invention, and declare that the plan thereof hereunto annexed is composed of
the following particulars, (that is to say):-
In the view Fig. I. the machine is supposed to be cut by a plane perpen-
dicular to the horizon, the intermediate part being taken away, the two ends only
are seen, the part wanting may be supposed the continuation of that on either
side of the section. The particular parts of the machine of consequence in the
operation that are not seen in the view of the whole in Fig. I. are represented
in Figs. II. and III. The same letters are put on the same parts of the

page_text: machine in all the Figures. A, an upright axis of iron, carrying near the
upper end a sheave, round which passes a band from the mill machinery. This
sheave, being high on the axis, is not seen in the view. B the drum, joined
to the axis; A round this and the other drum z the belt C passes, which gives
motion to the spindles by running against their whirls. Upon the spindles D
are put the bobbins, with the rove. The spindles are borne towards the belt
by weights E, suspended by cords, which go over the pullies F. This part of
the operation might be performed by springs. G are rollers, for keeping the
belt in its place, or streight along by the whirls of the spindles; H the holders;
there are two pieces, one of which, turning on its nail, open at the top to
receive the spun threads, and are shut by the springs e. Their use is to hold
the threads in the operation of drawing out and twining. I, swallow's tails
or guides, which direct the threads to the bobbins. The guides are plated in
the horizontal bar K, moveable lengthwise upon pullies L, thereby causing the
guides lay the threads regularly upon the bobbins. The motion is performed
by the end of the bar bearing against two inclined planes fixed on the side
of the frame. M the bobbins upon the yarn is put. O the leavers carrying
the bobbins. Another way of placing this leaver is seen z. N, the rollers
on which the bobbins rest, and by which they are wound up in the manner
following. There is upon the end of the axis of the rollers a sheave, and
directly above the rope P, having one end made fast, while the other, bearing
the weight R, goes over the pully Q. In the middle of the back of the
machine is placed a bandle g, see Fig. II., joined to the arbor or axis h. On-
this axis are fixed three cranks; the first, by turning the handle g, lifts the
end of the leaver m; this leaver being moveable round the centern; the opposite
end carrying the small pulley O, is depressed, and bears down the rope P
against the sheave on the axis of the rollers. This produces a motion in the
rollers, and consequently in bobbins, while that part of the machine carrying
the holders, guides, rollers, &c., slides in towards the spindles by the upon the
frame of the machine, by the assistance of the rollers f; while the handle is
turned to press down the rope, the crank R pushes the bar in which the
pressers c are fixed, so as to open the holders H, and allow the spun threads to
pass through them as they are wound up. When the sliding part comes near
the spindles the part S strikes upon the rod a on the top with a balance weight,
throwing it over the perpendicular, and thereby raises the lifter T, allowing
the rove to advance any quantity wanted for a new thread. When that
quantity of rove is taken off the bobbins, the catch U turns the crank W; this
crank being connected with the leaver X by a wire, pulls down the lifter T,
and the sliding part being drawn back, the thread is finished, while the handle

page_text: regulates the threads through the guides by means of the crank I. On taking
away the piece upon which the holders are fixed, and fastening down the
sliding part in the position W, X, Y, the machine performs its work as follows.
Upon the foot of the axis A is a pinion p, that works the wheel q. On the
axis of this wheel is the sheaver; round this and the sheaves is a band or
chain that communicates to the double wheels t, one of them less in diameter
than the other, and both partly without teeth. These work two other wheels u,
also joined together, and whose diameters differ by the same quantity as the
first two. On the axis of the wheels u are the grooved rollers W, whose
grooves entering those of the rollers X, and the threads passing between them
is drawn out and is then wound upon the reel 4 by the communication of the
rope and two sheaves 1, 3. At 5 are the wheels of a check reel, omitted
in the Drawing as not material. When the yarn is not wound upon the reel
by the machine it winds round the bobbins y, they lying upon the rollers W
in the place of the rollers X when the wheel is used. On the end of the axis
of the double wheels t is a crank 8, that in each revolution catches upon
the bended crank 2, fitted to the sliding rod 6. This last joins the axis b,
of the lifter T, and consequently each revolution of the wheel t raises the
lifter, and it is again depressed by the action of the weight 7 hung by a rope
wound round the end of its axis.
my
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Brotherston, have hereunto set
hand and seal, the Twentieth day of May, in the twenty-third year
of the reign of our Sovereign Lord George the Third, by the Grace of
God, of Great Britain, France, and Ireland King, Defender of the Faith,
and so forth, and in the year of our Lord One thousand seven hundred
and eighty-three.
PETER BROTHERSTON. (L.S.)
370
nn
תתמתrn3rבתת mז
35
come Twentieth day of Mar