Year: 1899

page_text: I EMILE APPART, of Jumet, Belgium, Operative, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
All manufacturing processes of metallic pieces in iron or steel are based upon
the use of metal properly so called, obtained at great expense by the works of
founding, rolling, or converting, and are then brought to form by forging or
melting.
My new metallurgical process is on the contrary essentially based upon the
utilisation of chippings, filings, scraps, shreds &c that is to say of factory refuse,
a raw material of quite low price.
This new metallurgical process is also totally different from the known process
of manufacturing chipping iron or scrap iron. These latter are really only a
utilisation of the refuse of iron structures to reconstitute raw iron which is of
superior quality.
On the contrary my new process has for result not only the utilisation of
chippings in order to make again the primary metal, but to effect this object
constituting by the same operation pieces formed.
The metallic refuse are to be obtained in pieces sufficiently small by the use
of any machines. They are first, if necessary, to be separated from their impurities
and scoured. They are then utilised by filling moulds having the internal form
of the desired pieces.
The refuse placed in the moulds is to be perfectly packed by compression which
will produce a very close mass of laminated consistence, then this mass is heated
to a soldering temperature by an electric current and immediately after a powerful
compression is applied by a die which descends into the mould, a die which can
operate either by simple pressure or by hammering in known ways.
The moulds may be of copper with water circulation, as is usual when electric
energy is employed, and made of material which is a bad conductor of electricity
On the latter supposition the electric current would not be sent to the moulds
but directly to the laminae contained in them by conducting wires passing through
the thickness of the walls of the moulds, and, after heating, a simple cohesion
of the mass having been obtained, the thing roughly moulded can be turned, if
not instantaneously, at least after some re-heating, into a mould the same as the
first but of metal, so that all the necessary compression can be applied. Any

page_text: other mode of heating can obviously be employed although it does not present the
advantage of rapidity in operating which is obtained by electric heating
Especially the refuse might be heated in refractory receptacles placed in special
furnaces with a current of reducing gas in order to pour the material then when
hot into the moulds and compress it, if not definitely at least in the first instance
for simple cohesion of the mass.
Methodic heating for instance may also be employed, by using as receptacle
a refractory tube into which the refuse in the condition desired might be poured.
The intense heat might be applied at one end of the tube, gradually diminishing
towards the other end conversely to the heating of the refuse.
The moulds may be in two or more pieces to facilitate the removal of the manu-
factured articles, or at least provided with separable pieces as employed in stamp-
ing shops.
To sum up, the molecular aggregation would obviously be obtained by the
combination of the two operations of heating and compressing as is generally
obtained in the iron manufacture. And thus would be produced a piece, which if
not completely formed is at least roughly shaped, of exceptional quality, and can
be finished by operations usually employed in metal work.
Obviously to the refuse of iron and steel packed in the moulds may be added
filings of bronze, copper, nickel, aluminium &c. &c. in order to obtain at a low
price new effects especially suiting artistic and decorative articles. Consequently
the above process can be applied to restore to their primitive conditions, any pieces
detached from others partially worn, and this by filing up in the moulds in which
the pieces are placed, all the hollows resulting from wear by heating and com-
pressing the whole as if for producing a new article.
Dated this 15th day of July 1899.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicants.
I EMILE APPART, of Jumet, Belgium, Operative, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particu-
larly described and ascertained, in and by the following statement:--
All manufacturing processes of metallic pieces in iron or steel are based upon
the use of metal properly so called, obtained at great expense by the works of
founding, puddling, rolling or converting, and are then brought to form by
forging or melting.
My new metallurgical process
on the contrary essentially based upon the
utilisation of chippings, filings, scraps, shreds &c, that is to say of factory refuse,
a raw material of quite low price.
This new metallurgial process is also totally different from the known process
of manufacturing chipping iron or scrap iron. These latter are really only a
utilisation of the refuse of iron structures to reconstitute raw iron which is of
superior quality.
On the contrary my new process has for result not only the utilisation of chip-
pings in order to make again the primary metal, but to effect this object consti-
tuting by the same operation pieces formed.
The metallic refuse is to be obtained in pieces sufficiently small by the use of
any machines. They are first if necessary, to be separated from their impurities
and scoured. They are then utilised by filling moulds having the internal form
of the desired pieces.

page_text: The refuse pieces are interlocked thoroughly and perfectly packed by hydraulic
or other compression by means of a piston and a die which will produce a very
close mass of laminated consistence; then this mass is heated to a welding
temperature by an electric current and immediately after a powerful compression
is applied by a die which descends into the mould, a die which can operate either
by simple pressure or by hammering in known ways.
By way of example I shew in the accompanying drawings an arrangement of
moulds for manufacturing a horse shoe.
Figs. 1 and 2 are respectively a vertical section and a plan of the mould in
which the refuse pieces are packed and compressed cold.
Figs. 3 and 4 are respectively a section and a plan of the die in which the mass
which was cold compressed in the mould is then compressed hot.
The refuse pieces in small fragments are filled into the mould A by the mouths a
and packed on the bottom C which rests on base D. A punch of the same shape
as the mould, but not shewn, is forced down into the mould compressing the
pieces. This punch should project as far as the depth b, so that when the mass
is sufficiently compressed, on the base D being removed, the punch forces out the
bottom C and the compressed mass which is then heated to welding temperature
placed in the die B as indicated at E, in the hollow F which is somewhat wider
then the mass E.
The mass is then subjected to pressure by a die similar to B.
Although I have shewn a mould and die suitable for manufacturing a horse
shoe, obviously for other articles the moulds and dies employed have to be shaped
to suit the form of the articles.
To sum up, the molecular aggregation would obviously be obtained by the com-
bination of the two operations of heating and compressing as is generally obtained
in the iron manufacture. And thus would be produced a piece which, if not com-
pletely formed, is at least roughly shaped, of exceptional quality and can be
finished by operations usually employed in metal work.
Consequently the above process can be applied to restore to their primitive con-
dition any pieces detached from others partially worn, and this by filling up in
the moulds in which the pieces are placed, all the hollows resulting from wear
by heating and compressing the whole as if for producing a new article.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
vention and in what manner, e same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is-
A process for utilising ml refuse in manufacturing new articles and repairing
partially worn articles byecting molecular aggregation of the refuse in moulds
by heating and compress ig substantially as described.
1000
Dated this on da
1.-
OI Teor
bruary 1500.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.