A NEW MODE OF WEAVING CARPETTING AND OTHER FIGURED FABRICS
Year: 1842

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
Wood, of Wilton, in the County of Wilts, Carpet Manufacturer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-sixth day of April, in the fifth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Wood, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said William Wood, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
and such others as I, the said William Wood, my executors, administrators,
or assigns, should at any time agree with and no others, from time to time
and at all times during the term of years therein mentioned, should and law-
fully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, the Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in all Her Majesty's Colonies and Plantations
abroad, and in the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man;
my Invention of "A NEW MODE OF WEAVING CARPETTING AND OTHER FIGURED
FABRICS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso obliging me,
the said William Wood, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal
particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be
inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent,

page_text: as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Wood, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following description thereof (that is to say):-
My Invention of a new mode of weaving carpetting and other figured
fabrics consists in weaving two pieces in the same loom at the same time, so
as to produce carpetting or other figured fabric. And the manner in which
this is performed is by a peculiar arrangement of the parts of a loom, whereby
the two pieces are woven face to face, that is, two separate linen grounds or
warps are employed, and into or on to them is woven the pattern from worsted
or other warps arranged as is usual in weaving Brussels and Wilton carpetting
or other figured fabrics. In order to weave carpeting, the worsted warps
from the ordinary bobbins are placed between the two linen warps, and by
the evolutions of the loom the pattern part thereof is bound to the under
linen warp and then to the upper one, and so on alternately. From this it
will be understood that the two linen warps become bound together by the
pattern part of the worsted, working up and down from one to the other, and
the worsted warp is secured in the linen grounds by means of linen shutes or
wefts thrown in by means of shuttles. The pattern part of the worsted warps
is raised by the jacquard apparatus, and bound into the upper linen warp,
and the remaining portion of the worsted warp is bound into the under linen
warp by every shute or weft. The double fabric thus produced is afterwards
cut asunder or separated by a knife or other cutting instrument.
Having thus pointed out in a general manner the nature of my Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I will now proceed to
explain, by reference to the accompanying Drawings, the arrangements by
which I carry it into effect.
Fig. 1 in the accompanying Drawings represents an elevation of the right-
hand side of the loom; Fig. 2 is a front view; and Fig. 3, a transverse
section of the same. The framing is shewn at a, a; the slay or lathe at b, b;
the upper and lower shuttle boxes at c, c, and d, d; the upper and lower linen
warp rollers and their carrying rollers at e, e, f, f; and the corresponding
work or cloth beams at g, g, h, h; the breast roller over which both pieces of
work pass is shewn at i, i. The worsted warps j, j, are brought from the
ordinary bobbins, which are not shewn in the Drawing, and pass through the
jacquard mounture by which the pattern is raised. The linen warps k and
are worked by the headles m, m, and the worsted warps are raised and

page_text: depressed by the front headle n for the purpose of being bound into the under
linen warp, all of the headles being worked by treadles in the usual manner.
The linen and worsted warps pass through a longitudinal slit or opening in
the guide bar o, o. The width of this opening may be regulated by screws,
thereby regulating the distance the two linen warps are asunder, and conse-
quently the height of the pile or face of the carpet. The first sheds of the
two linen warps are formed simultaneously by the headles m, m, which are
worked by the first treadle q, and at the same time the pattern part of the
worsted warps is raised by drawing down the lever p. Both the shuttles are
then thrown through the sheds thus formed into the left-hand boxes, the
pattern part of the worsted being above them in a line with the upper part
of the upper linen warp, the shutes are then beaten up by the lathe or slay,
the pattern part of the worsted is then dropped, the linen sheds changed by
depressing the second treadle r, which is also connected to the front headle n,
which carries the worsted warp; by this means the whole of the worsted
warps is carried down to a line even with the lower part of the under linen
warp, the shuttles are then thrown back again into the right-hand boxes, and
the shute or weft beaten up. From this, it will be understood, that the first
top shute supports, holds, or binds the pattern part of the worsted into the
upper linen warp, and that the second under shute or weft by passing over
the whole of the worsted warps, which have been depressed by the front
headle n, binds or secures them in the under linen warp. The second shute
of the upper shed and the first shute of the under shed merely serve as an
additional binding to the cloth, as will be readily understood by carpet
weavers. The double fabric, thus made, merely requires dividing or separating,
which operation is effected by means of a knife or other cutting instrument
that slides in a groove in a board s. This knife is actuated in the following
manner: A cord t is connected at one end to the front headle n, and its
other end is passed round and fastened to the shaft u, on which is mounted
a large pulley or wheel v, which is furnished with another cord w, one end
of this cord passing under a small pulley x at the side of the loom, and is
fastened to the knife or cutting instrument y, the other end of the cord
passing under a similar pulley * at the other side of the loom, and is
fastened to the other side of the knife. It will, therefore, be evident that
when the front headle n is depressed the cord t will pull round the shaft u
and pulley v, and by means of the cord w draw the knife from one side
of the machine to the other, and separate the cloths
which is pressed or forced against it by the weight
work connected thereto, which act upon the upper cloth
by cutting the pile
and train of wheel-
roller g, and cause

page_text: it to take up the fabric as it is made. When the headle n rises, it
slackens the cord t and the shaft n, and pulley. v are turned round in an
opposite direction by the weight 11, thereby drawing the knife. back again.
The upper cloth, when separated from the under cloth, is wound on to the
roller by means of a weight. The guide bar o, and cutting board s, and
knife y, with the work under operation, is shewn upon an enlarged scale at
Fig. 4. The linen ground is shewn by the blue lines, the pattern part of the
'worsted warp by red, and the dead point of the worsted warp by yellow
lines. When the knife y separates the two grounds by cutting the pattern
warp of the two fabrics, the upper fabric passes over the cutting board,
and the lower fabric under the same, as shewn in the Figure. When
the slay beats up the weft, the guide bar o must be moved back out of
the way. This is effected in the following manner:-A rectangular lever 1
connected to the slay is mounted on a centre at 2, and by the forward
motion of the lathe this lever 1 is brought against the under side of another
lever 3 mounted on a fulcrum at 7. This lever 3 has at its other end
a tail lever 4, which bears against and pushes back the upright arm 5
mounted on a centre at 8, the guide bar o is thereby carried into the position
shewn by red lines in Fig. 3, as the guide bar o is withdrawn, the reed beats
up the weft with its full force close to the work which has been previously
woven, and when the lathe recedes the lever 1, is carried back from under the
lever 3, and the guide bar drawn forward to its place by the force of the
spring 6 drawing up the arm 9, which is connected to the upright. 5, the
rectangular lever 1 is drawn back into its original position by the force of the
spring 10.
"
The foregoing description and accompanying Drawings shew my new mode
of working or making the said carpetting and figured fabric. The loom shewn
in the Drawings is worked by hand, but it will be perfectly evident to any
intelligent mechanic that power may be easily and most advantageously.
applied to work the loom, since, by working in the manner above described
the use of wires to form the pattern in carpetting and figured fabrics where
a pile is required is dispensed with, and the construction of the loom con-
sequently much simplified.
Having now described my Invention, and the manner in which the same is
carried into effect, I wish it to be understood that although I have described
the arrangement and construction of parts which I have employed for working
or making the said new manufacture of carpetting and figured fabrics, I do
not confine myself absolutely thereto, since the same may be varied without
departing from the nature and principle of my Invention, nor do I confine

page_text: myself to the particular description of loom herein shewn and described, since
my new mode of weaving figured fabrics may be applied to any construction
of loom suitable for weaving these fabrics; and as above mentioned, the loom
for manufacturing the said carpetting and figured fabrics may be worked by
power; but what I claim as my Invention is the manufacture, herein-before
described, of carpetting and other figured fabrics having a pile on their
surface by the use of an upper and under ground warp, the pattern of the
said carpetting and fabric being bound into the upper and under ground warp
alternately, and afterwards cut asunder; and I hereby disclaim the mode of
weaving herein-before described, except when the same shall be applied to
carpetting and other figured fabrics.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Wood, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-two.