IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO EVAPORATING, DRYING, AND RENDERING APPARATUS FOR THE TREATMENT OF SACCHARINE LIQUIDS, GRAIN, MANURE, FATTY SUBSTANCES, AND OTHER LIQUID OR SOLID MATTER
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake,
and Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for an Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO EVAPORATING, DRYING, AND
RENDERING APPARATUS FOR THE TREATMENT OF SACCHARINE LIQUIDS,
GRAIN, MANURE, FATTY SUBSTANCES, AND OTHER LIQUID OR SOLID MATTER."
A communication from abroad by George Bryant Boomer, of the City and
State of New York, United States of America, Manufacturer.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th January 1881.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, and Co., Patent
Agents, Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO
EVAPORATING, DRYING, AND RENDERING APPARATUS FOR THE TREATMENT OF
SACCHARINE LIQUIDS, GRAIN, MANURE, FATTY SUBSTANCES, AND OTHER LIQUID
OR SOLID MATTER." [A communication from abroad by George Bryant Boomer,
of the City and State of New York, United States of America, Manufacturer.]
"
This Invention relates to appartus for evaporating by the process herein described
saccharine liquids, such as cider, maple-sap, or the like, for the purpose of separating
the water from the saccharine matter, and also for separating and removing there-
from the scum so called in the manufacture of jellies and syrups. The said
Invention is also designed to be employed for evaporating the moisture from
materials suitable for use as fertilizers, such as refuse animal matter, also from
malt or other grain, and a variety of other solid substances, for the purpose of
drying the same.
The said Invention is also designed to be employed for rendering fat.
According to the said Invention I employ apparatus whereby the desired purpose
is accomplished in an effective manner with rapidity, and without danger of
burning or scorching the substance undergoing treatment.
The process I employ consists in passing or forcing the liquid or solid substance
through a series of independent pipes open at both ends, and surrounded by a

page_text: jacket or jackets, into and through which steam is passed, the raw liquid or
material being delivered into the first pipe, and passing out of its discharge end
into a reservoir which communicates with the receiving end of the next pipe, and
so on through the series of pipes.
In the apparatus constructed according to my Invention for evaporating
saccharine liquids the reservoirs are alternately arranged at the opposite ends of
the pipes with the reservoir of one pipe below the free or discharge end of the
pipe next above it. Into the reservoirs are fitted removable strainers, and at the
discharge ends of the evaporating pipes are arranged damming-segments. To the
heating jackets are connected both steam supply pipes, each having a check valve
and steam escape pipes.
The evaporating pipes are preferably made of a non-corrosive material, such as
copper or brass, and they are placed in an approximately horizontal position, one
over the other, upon a suitable framework. Both ends of the evaporating, pipes
are left open, and the reservoirs are connected thereto at one end in any suitable
manner, these reservoirs being also preferably made of a non-corrosive material.
The strainers are fitted into either of the reservoirs, the latter being of a uniform
size, but they are left detached from the reservoirs to render the same removable,
and each is provided with a suitable handle. The damming segments are inserted
into the discharge ends of the evaporating pipes, and are capable of removal.
The heating jackets surround the evaporating pipes respectively, terminating a
short distance within the ends thereof, and the jackets are made steam-tight at
their opposite ends. Steam supply pipes and escape pipes are connected to the
heating jackets respectively at or near the opposite ends of the latter, so that steam
is admitted to the jackets at one end, whilst it escapes at the opposite end. The
steam supply pipes emanate from a drum connecting with a steam supply source,
whilst the steam escape pipes lead into a drum connecting with a steam-trap.
In applying this apparatus to use, say, for the evaporation of cider, steam is
admitted to the jackets, and the raw cider is run into the reservoir of the upper-
most evaporating pipe, whence it flows through such pipe, and into the reservoir of
the next lower or second evaporating pipe; thence into the reservoir of the third
pipe, and so on until it issues from the lowermost evaporating pipe, where it is
caught in a suitable vessel. It will be readily understood that by the heat to
which the liquid is subjected in its passage through the several pipes it is
evaporated in an effective manner, the vapor passing off at the ends of the pipes.
The strainers are used when it is desirable to skim the liquid, and can be used
to advantage in the evaporation of cider. In most cases however this liquid can
be entirely deprived of its "scum after its passage through one or two of the
evaporating pipes, and hence it is necessary to apply the strainers to a few of the
reservoirs only. By removing the strainers from the reservoirs the strainers can
be cleansed with facility, whilst the reservoirs at the same time are laid bare for a
like purpose.
"
Segments are provided to dam or partly obstruct the liquid at the discharge
end of the evaporating pipes, so that the flow of the liquid through the pipes is
retarded, and any " scum
rising to its surface within the pipes passes off ahead
of the body of the liquid. A few only of the damming segments need generally be
employed, the number thereof usually corresponding to that of the strainers. If
the segments are removed from the pipes the latter can be readily cleaned by a
suitable wiper introduced therein through their free or discharge ends.
By applying a check valve to each of the steam supply pipes the degree of heat
in each of the jackets can be controlled with ease, and to further this object each
jacket may be furnished with a steam-gauge.
In the apparatus constructed according to my Invention for drying grain, animal
matter, and other substances, or for rendering fat, feed-screws are arranged in the
pipes for the purpose of forcing the substance through them, and when the apparatus
is designed to be used for rendering the reservoirs are perforated, and chutes are

page_text: arranged each beneath them for the purpose of allowing the escape from each
reservoir of the oil extracted from the fat in the pipes, and leading the same into
the desired receptacle.
In the apparatus constructed for such drying and rendering, the arrangement of
the pipes, reservoirs, and heating jackets is similar to that above described, but, as
above stated, I provide feed-screws, one in each of the pipes, and serving to force
the material to be treated through them. The reservoirs have a perforated bottom,
allowing the escape of oil in the process of rendering fat, and chutes are arranged
beneath the reservoirs to receive the oil, and convey the same to the desired
receptacle.
It will be readily perceived that in this apparatus the material forced through
the pipes is dried or rendered, as the case may be, not only with rapidity but also
without danger of its being burnt.
Instead of being arranged one over the other, the pipes may be placed side by
side, and the pipes moreover may be provided with a jacket common to the whole
series.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Robert Lake in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
14th July 1881.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent
Agents, Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO
EVAPORATING, DRYING, AND RENDERING APPARATUS FOR THE TREATMENT OF
SACCHARINE LIQUIDS, GRAIN, MANURE, FATTY SUBSTANCES, AND OTHER LIQUID
OR SOLID MATTER." A communication from abroad by George Bryant Boomer,
of the City and State of New York, United States of America, Manufacturer.
This Invention relates to apparatus for evaporating by the process herein
· described saccharine liquids, such as cider, maple-sap, or the like, for separating
the water from the saccharine matter, and also for separating and removing
therefrom the " scum in the manufacture of jellies and syrups. The said
Invention is also designed to be employed for evaporating the moisture from
materials suitable for use as fertilizers, such, for instance, as refuse animal matter,
and from malt or other grain, and a variety of other solid substances for the
purpose of drying the same. The said Invention is also designed to be employed
for rendering fat.
According to the said Invention I employ apparatus, hereinafter fully described,
whereby the desired purpose is effectually accomplished with rapidity and without
danger of burning or scorching the substance under treatment.
The process I employ consists in passing or forcing the liquid or solid substance
through a series of independent pipes open at both ends and surrounded by a
jacket or jackets, into and through which steam is passed, the raw liquid or
material being delivered into the first pipe and discharged into a reservoir which
communicates with the next pipe, and so on, the process being continued throughout
the series of the said pipes.
In my improved apparatus for evaporating saccharine liquids the reservoirs are
arranged alternately at the opposite ends of the pipes with the reservoir of one
pipe below the free or discharge end of the pipe next above it. Into the said
reservoirs are fitted removable strainers, and at the discharge ends of the
evaporating pipes are arranged damming segments. To the heating jackets are
connected both steam-supply-pipes, each having a check-valve, and steam-escape
pipes.
This evaporating apparatus is illustrated in Figure 1 of the accompanying
Drawing, which represents a side elevation, partly in section, of the said
apparatus.
A, A, designate the evaporating pipes; B, B, the reservoirs; C, C, heating
ackets; D, D, the strainers; E, E, the damming segments; F, F, the steam-supply-
pipes; G, their check-valves, and H, the steam-escape-pipes. The remaining parts
are hereinafter described.
The evaporating pipes A are preferably made of non-corrosive material, such as
copper or brass, and are placed in an approximately horizontal position, one above
the other, upon a suitable frame-work. Both ends of these evaporating pipes are
left open, and the reservoirs B are connected thereto at one end in any suitable
manner; these reservoirs are preferably made of non-corrosive material. The
location of the reservoirs B is alternately at the opposite ends of the evaporating
pipes A, as above stated, the reservoir of one evaporating pipe being below the free
or discharge end of the pipe next above it, as shewn.
The strainers D are fitted into either of the reservoirs B, the latter being of a
uniform size, but the said strainers are left detached from the said reservoirs, so

page_text: that they may be readily removed, and each strainer is provided for this purpose
with a suitable handle. The damming segments E are inserted into the discharge
ends of the evaporating pipes A and are capable of removal.
The heating jackets C surround the evaporating pipes A and terminate a short
distance from the ends thereof, and the said jackets are made steam-tight at their
ends preferably by means of stuffing boxes. The steam-supply-pipes F and escape
pipes H are connected to the heating jackets C at or near the opposite ends of the
latter, so that steam is admitted to the said jackets at one end and escapes at the
opposite end. The steam-supply-pipes F emanate from a drum I connected with a
suitable source of steam supply, whilst the steam-escape-pipes H lead into a drum J
connected with a steam-trap K.
When this apparatus is to be employed, say, for the evaporation of cider, steam
is admitted to the jackets C and the raw cider is run into the reservoir B of the
uppermost evaporating pipe A, whence it flows through the said pipe and into the
reservoir of the next lower or second evaporating pipe, thence into the reservoir of
the third pipe, and so on, until it issues from the lowermost evaporating pipe,
where it is caught in a suitable vessel. It will be readily understood that by the
heat to which the liquid is subjected in its passage through the several pipes it is
_evaporated in an effective manner, the vapor passing off at the ends of the said
pipes.
The strainers D are employed when it is desirable to skim the liquid, and may
be used to advantage in the evaporation of cider. In most cases, however, this
liquid can be entirely deprived of its " scum " after its passage through one or two
of the evaporating pipes; hence it is only necessary to apply the strainers to a few
of the reservoirs. By removing the strainers D from the reservoirs the said
strainers can be cleaned with facility whilst the reservoirs at the same time are
uncovered or laid bare for a like purpose.
The function of the segments E is to dam or partly obstruct the liquid at the
discharge end of the evaporating pipes A, so that the flow of the liquid through
the said pipes is retarded, and any "scum" arising to its surface within the pipes
passes off ahead of the body of the liquid. A few only of the damming segments E
need generally be employed, the number thereof usually corresponding to that of the
the strainers. If the segments E are removed from the pipes the latter can be
readily cleaned by a suitable wiper introduced through their free or discharge
ends.
By applying a check-valve to each of the steam-supply-pipes F the degree of
heat in each of the jackets C can be controlled with facility, and to further this
object each jacket may be furnished with a steam-gauge.
In my improved apparatus for drying grain, animal matter, and other substance,
or for rendering fat, feed-screws or conveyors are arranged in the pipes for forcing
the substance through the said pipes, and when the said apparatus is designed to
be used for rendering the reservoirs are perforated and chutes are arranged beneath
them for the purpose of allowing the escape from each reservoir of the oil extracted
from the fat in the pipes, and conducting the same into the desired receptacle.
This drying or rendering apparatus is illustrated in Figures 2 and 3 of the
accompanying Drawing, in which
Figure 2 is a side elevation partly in section of the said apparatus, and,
Figure 3 a vertical transverse section of the same.
Similar letters indicate corresponding parts in both of these Figures.
In this apparatus the arrangement of the pipes A, the reservoirs B, and the
heating jackets C is similar to that shewn in Figure 1 of the Drawing; L, L,
designate the feed-screws or conveyors, one of which is arranged in each of the
pipes A; these screws, as above stated, serve to force the material to be treated
through the said pipes; N represents the bottom of the reservoirs, which is perforated
to allow the escape of oil in the process of rendering fat; and 0, 0, are the chutes
arranged beneath the reservoirs to receive the oil and convey the same to the
desired receptacle.

page_text: It will be readily perceived that in this apparatus the material forced through
the pipes A is dried or rendered, as the case may be, not only with rapidity but
also without danger of being burnt.
Instead of being arranged one above the other the pipes A may be placed side
by side, and the pipes moreover may be provided with a jacket common to the
whole series.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent, and the manner of performing the same, I wish it understood
that I claim,-
First. The process of evaporating, drying, or rendering liquid or solid substances
by passing or forcing the same through the aforesaid apparatus consisting of a series
of independent pipes open at both ends and surrounded by a jacket or jackets, into
and through which steam is passed, the raw substance being delivered into the
first pipe and allowed to pass out of its discharge and into a reservoir which com-
municates with the receiving end of the next pipe, and so on through the series of
pipes, as set forth.
Second. The combination of a series of independent evaporating pipes open at
both ends, a series of reservoirs connected thereto at one end, and the heating
jacket or jackets surrounding the evaporating pipes, the whole adapted to operate
substantially as set forth.
Third. The combination with the independent evaporating pipes open at both
ends, and the heating jacket or jackets surrounding the same, of the reservoirs
connected to the evaporating pipes, and alternately arranged at their opposite ends
with the reservoir of one evaporating pipe below the free end of the evaporating
pipe next above it, all substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Fourth. The combination with the independent evaporating pipes, the heating
jacket or jackets, and the reservoirs of removable strainers fitted into the reservoirs,
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Fifth. The combination with the independent evaporating pipes, the heating
jacket or jackets, and the reservoirs, of damming segments arranged at the
discharge ends of the evaporating pipes, substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
Sixth. The combination with the independent evaporating pipes, the reservoirs,
and the heating jackets, of the steam-supply-pipes (each having a check-valve), and
the steam-escape-pipes, both connected to the heating jackets, substantially as and
for the purpose set forth.
Seventh. The apparatus consisting of a series of independent pipes open at both
ends, the feed-screws arranged in the pipes, the heating jacket or jackets surrounding
the pipes, the reservoirs perforated and connected to the pipes at one end, and the
chutes arranged between the reservoirs, the whole constructed and arranged as
shown in Figures 2 and 3, and operating as and for the purpose described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.