improvements in internal combustion Engines.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Aug., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 15th Jan., 1900-Accepted, 17th Feb., 1900
improvements in internal combustion Engines.
I, JOSEPH SOUTHALL, of Woodleigh, Selborne Road, in the City of Worcester,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
An engine according to my invention is arranged substantially as described
below and with slight modifications can be operated with charges composed of
air and either gas, oil or spirit.
In an oil engine according to this invention the oil or spirit used to form the
working charges is introduced by the suction of the piston aided by the pumping.
action of a valve controlled by the governor, into a passage provided with more
or less holes terminating under the seat of the air and oil supply valve such
passage being if preferred filled in with wick or other distributing material.
The supply and exhaust valves are situated in the back cover of the cylinder
their centres being on the same horizontal line, behind their stems a horizontal
spindle running in suitable bearings is revolved at half the speed of the crank
shaft and on this spindle are mounted the necessary cams for operating the
valves as desired, the cams however are by preference arranged on a sleeve so as
to be capable of being moved laterally along the shaft for starting &c.
Between the cams and the ends of the valve stems pivotted pieces of metal
carrying rollers intervene for the cams to operate against thus preventing the
cams from exerting any dragging action on the valve stems.
The governor is of the pendulum type driven by a small crank on the cam
spindle which working in a slotted end of a hanging pivotted lever gives to it a
reciprocating movement causing a chesil pointed steel strip pivotted to the lever
to open, the governor valve when a charge is required by engaging with its
stem.
The speed of the engine is varied by the position of a balance weight mounted
on the pivotted part carrying the steel strip, such position determining the
speed at which the steel strip will miss the stem of the governor valve and thus
cut off the supply of oil or spirit.
The lifting of this valve has a pumping effect on the oil as the chamber into
which it rises when lifted is a close one and the oil supply pipe which leads out
of it is provided with a non return valve.
The oil is drawn up through this pipe from a suitable trough or reservoir. The
air supply is so arranged that the quantity of air admitted can be varied as
desired.
The spindle of the governing valve is so made that it can at starting be re-
ciprocated a few times by hand, pumping a little oil into the passage referred to
above.
The vapouriser is in the form of a jacketed casting and fits between the
tó
cylinder and the back cover, it is provided with water passages
convey the

page_text: cooling water to and fro from the cylinder to the back cover. Its interior, which
may be provided with suitable perforations or baffles to increase the vapourising
surface forms more or less of the compression space, the jacket space serving
as a flue for the flame of a lamp to pass round to heat the vapouriser and its
ignition tube at starting.
This ignition tube is fixed into the vapouriser and performs, the ignitions for
a short period at starting after which the lamp may be extinguished and the
heated vapouriser and the compression will cause the ignition of the charges to
continue, the moment of ignition being largely regulated by the degree of
compression used.
On a suction stroke occuring the air and oil enter the cylinder simultaneously
through the supply valve.
If the engine is to be worked as a gas engine the vapouriser and oil trough
are removed and gas in lieu of oil or spirit is admitted to the chamber formed
on the top side of the governor valve and any suitable known ignition method
is provided; if however it is desired to more completely clear the cylinder of
the products of combustion and also to expand the working charges beyond
original volume the construction may be altered so as to provide exhaust and
supply ports entering the cylinder just behind the power piston when it is at its
extreme in-position, behind these ports a supplementary piston is provided to
work in the compression space being operated from the cam shaft in a similar
manner to the valves and so as to move as follows, when the power piston com-
mences its exhaust stroke the supplementary piston is moved outwards until
at, the end of the exhaust stroke it is in a position almost touching the power
piston thus practically clearing the cylinder of the burnt products of combus-
tion, in this position the supplementary piston is held until the power piston
commences its compression stroke when it is allowed to move back at such rate
of travel as to cause no compression or lowering of pressure to take place' in
the cylinder until it comes to rest at the back of the compression space where it
is allowed to remain until the next exhaust stroke commences.
Dated this 31st day of July 1899.
JOSEPH SOUTHALL.
I, JOSEPH SOUTHALL, of Woodleigh, Selborne Road, in the City of Worcester,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
An engine according to my invention is arranged substantially as described
below and with slight modifications can be operated either as a gas or oil engine.
In order to make my invention clear I append several sheets of drawings the
same distinguishing letters being used on the various figures to denote the same
or like parts. Figure 1 is a part vertical section, Fig. 2 a part horizontal section,
Fig. 3 a back elevation, Fig. 4 a back elevation of the oil engine vapouriser,
and Fig. 5 a part vertical section of the gas engine I shall describe.
In an oil engine according to this invention and referring to the first four
figures, the oil or spirit used to form the working charges is introduced, by the
suction of the piston aided by the pumping action of a valve A controlled by the

page_text: governor B, into a passage C provided with more or less holes terminating under
the seat of the air and oil supply valve D, such passage if preferred being filled
with wick or other suitable distributing material.
The supply valve D and exhaust valve E, are by preference placed in the back
cover of the cylinder as shewn, their centres being on the same horizontal line;
behind their stems a horizontal spindle F is revolved by any known means at half
the speed of the crank shaft and on this spindle F are mounted the necessary
cams G for operating the valves as desired. These cams are by preference
arranged on a sleeve so as to allow of their being moved laterally along F for
starting.
Between the cams and the ends of the valve stems intervene pivotted hangers H
carrying rollers for the cams to operate against thus preventing the cams from
exerting any bending action on the valve stems.
The governor B is of the pendulum type and is rocked by means of a crank
pin J mounted on the cam spindle F and working in the slotted end of a hanging
pivotted lever K, the reciprocating movement causing a chesil pointed steel
strip L pivotted at M on the lever K to open the governor valve A, when a
working charge is required in the cylinder, by engaging with a notch in the
underside of its stem.
The speed of the engine is varied by the position of the balance weight N,
such position determining the speed at which the strip L will miss the stem of
the valve A and thus cut off the supply of combustible.
In the drawing I only show one notch in the stem of valve A. I, however,
prefer to use more than one notch thus giving varying amounts of feed.
The lifting of the valve A has a pumping effect on the oil as the chamber P
is a close one and has leading into it the oil supply pipe which is provided with
a small clack valve and dips into a trough containing the oil.
At starting the spindle of the valve A can be pushed in a few times by hand
to pump a little oil into the passage C.
The vapouriser O is in the form of a jacketed casting and fits between the
cylinder and the back cover, its interior, which may be provided with suitably
perforated pieces of metal to increase the vapourising surface forms more
or less of the compression space of the cylinder. The jacket space R serves as
a flue for the flame of the starting lamp to pass round to heat the vapouriser
and also the ignition tube S at starting.
The tube S performs the ignition of the charges for a short period at starting
after which the lamp may be extinguished and the heated vapouriser aided by
the compression will cause the ignition of the charges to continue, the moment
of ignition being largely regulated by the degree of compression used.
On a suction stroke occurring the piston V draws the air and oil simultaneously
into the cylinder ensuring their being intimately mixed before ignition.
If the engine is to be worked as a gas engine the vapouriser and oil trough
are removed and gas in lieu of oil is admitted into P, any suitable known method
of igniting the charges being provided. If, however, it is desired to more com-
pletely clear the cylinder of the products of combustion and also to expand the
working charges beyond original volume, the construction is altered, see
Figure 5, so as to provide exhaust and supply ports T entering the cylinder at
points just behind the power piston V when it is at its extreme in-position.
Behind these two ports a second piston U is provided operated as follows from
the cam shaft F. When the power piston V commences its exhaust stroke the
piston U is moved outwards until at the end of the exhaust stroke it is in such a
position as to almost touch piston V, thus practically clearing the cylinder of
burnt products. In this position piston U is held until the piston V commences
its compression stroke, when it is allowed to move back at such rate of travel
as to cause no lowering of pressure to take place in the cylinder; it thus comes
to rest and is allowed to so remain until the next exhaust stroke commences.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:-
-
Oil or gas engines arranged and operating substantially as herein described
with reference to the accompanying drawings.
.
1011
1000