IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS FOR CRUSHING MINERAL AND OTHER SUBSTANCES.
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Withinshaw, of Birmingham, in thè
County of Warwick, Mechanical Engineer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS FOR CRUSHING MINERAL AND OTHER SUBSTANCES.'
Sealed the 20th January 1871, and dated the 26th July 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Withinshaw at the.
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the:
26th July 1870.
I, JOHN WITHINSHAW, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS FOR CRUSHING MINERAL AND OTHER, SUBSTANCES," to
be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in:
mill for crushing mineral and other substances, by which improve--
ments great crushing power is obtained in the mill with out the use of
the heavy stones or crushers ordinarily employed.
Mu imnsavoments here reference to those kinds of mills for crushing.

page_text: .
matter to be crushed is placed, and a pair of rotating crushing rollers
bearing upon the said platform or table.
According to my Invention the framing of the mill is supported upon
four (or other number of) fixed supports, the summits of which are made
into pistons. The bases of the four uprights of the framing are made into
short hollow cylinders which fit upon the pistons of the said fixed supports.
The four uprights and the cross head joining them are hollow, and when
the said hollow framing is filled with water under pressure, the said
framing and all the parts of the mill, except the fixed supports, are
supported on the water between the pistons of the fixed supports and
the tons of the cylindrical bases of the said uprights. Any increase in
the quantity of water forced into the said cylinders causes the whole
mill to rise, and any diminution of the said water allows the mill to
descend. The table or platform on which the matter to be crushed
is placed has a rotatory motion given to it by suitable gearing from
a small steam engine or other motive power engine. The crushing
rollers turn loosely on a fixed shaft and have motion given to them by
the rotating table or platform on which they bear. Pressure of the said
rollers on the said platform is produced as follows:-The ends of the
shaft on which the rollers turn are fixed in bearings in the side of the
framing of the mill, the said bearings being connected to pistons. The
upper end of each bearing piston works in a hollow cylinder in the
upper part of the framing, the said cylinders being in communication
with the other cylinders and hollow framing herein-before described.
The area of the roller shaft bearing pistons is less than or equal to the
area of the frame supporting pistons and the pressure of the whole mill
is transmitted to the roller shaft pistons and great crushing power is
thereby obtained. Should any hard substance incapable of being
crushed by the power of the mill be introduced between the rotating
table and the rollers the rising of the rollers takes place, the roller shaft
pistons rising and forcing the water into the frame supporting cylinders
the whole of the mill slightly rising. After the removal of the hard
substance the parts resume their normal positions. A small hydraulic
pump is connected with the framing of the mill for the purpose of
filling the said framing and keeping it supplied with water under
pressure.

page_text: '
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,'
filed by the said John Withinshaw. in the Great Seal. Patent Office
on the 21st January 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
WITHINSHAW, of Birmingham,, in the County of Warwick, Mechanical
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her.
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-fourth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said John Withinshaw,.. Her special. license that.
I, the said John Withinshaw, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said John Withinshaw, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from.
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term, therein expressed.
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within. the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel. Islands,.
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS FOR CRUSHING
MINERAL AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," upon the condition. (amongst others)
that I, the said John Withinshaw, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said.
Letters Patent.
KNOW NOW YE, that I, the said John Withinshaw, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to.
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by.
the following statement thereof, that is to say:—
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
mills for crushing mineral and other substances, by which improvements
great crushing power is obtained in the mill without the use of the
heavy stones or crushers ordinarily employed.
My improvements have reference to those kinds of mills for crushing
consisting essentially of a rotating platform or table on which the matter

page_text: to be crusneu is praced, and a раr of rotating roners bearing upon thе
said platform or table.
According to my Invention the framing of the mill is supported upon
four (or other number of) fixed supports, the summits of which are
made into pistons. The bases of the four uprights of the framing are
made into short hollow cylinders, which fit upon the pistons of the said
fixed supports. The four uprights and the cross head joining them are
hollow, and when the said hollow framing is filled with water under
pressure, the said framing and all the parts of the mill except the fixed
supports are supported on the water between the pistons of the fixed
supports and the tops of the cylindrical bases of the said uprights. Any
increase in the quantity of water forced into the said cylinders causes
the whole mill to rise, and any diminution of the said water allows the
mill to descend. The table or platform on which the matter to be
crushed is placed has a rotatory motion given to it by suitable gearing
from a small steam engine or other motive-power engine. The crushing
rollers turn loosely on a fixed shaft, and have motion given to them by
the rotating table or platform on which they bear. Pressure of the said
rollers on the said platform is produced as follows:-The ends of the
shaft on which the rollers turn are fitted in bearings in the side of the
framing of the mill, the said bearings supporting pistons. The upper
end of each bearing piston works in a hollow cylinder in the upper part
of the framing, the said cylinders being in communication with the
other cylinders and hollow framing herein-before described. The area of
the roller shaft bearing pistons is less than or equal to the area of the
frame supporting pistons, and the pressure of the whole mill is trans-
mitted to the roller shaft pistons, and great crushing power is thereby
.obtained. Should any hard substance incapable of being crushed by the
power of the mill be introduced between the rotating table and the
rollers, the rising of the rollers takes place, the roller shaft pistons rising
and forcing the water into the frame supporting cylinders, the whole of
the mill slightly rising. After the removal of the hard substance the
parts resume their normal positions. A small hydraulic pump is connected
with the framing of the mill for the purpose of filling the said framing,
and keeping it supplied with water under pressure.
Having explained the nature of my Invention I will proceed to
describe, with reference to the accompanying Drawing, the manner in
which the same is to be performed.

page_text: Figure 1 represents in side elevation a crushing mill constructed:
according to my Invention; Figure 2 is a plan of the same, partly in
horizontal section, the said section being taken on the dotted line a, a,
Figure 1; Figure 3 is an end elevation of the mill, and Figure 4 is a
cross section of the same taken on the dotted line 6, Figure 2. The
same letters of reference indicate the same parts in the several Figures
of the Drawing.
c, c, c, c, are the four supports of the mill upon which the whole of
the framing is supported. The said supports when the mill is portable
are carried by the wheels or rollers d, d, upon which the mill may be
moved from place to place. The summits c², c², c², c², of the said
supports c, c, c, c, are made into pistons, each piston being provided at
top with a cupped leather packing c³. The framing of the mill consists
of four uprights e, e, e, e, having arched tops, each pair of the said
uprights being connected together by the cross head f. The bottoms of
the uprights e, e, e, e, are connected together by the diagonal bed or
foundation plates g bolted to the uprights. Each pair of uprights_e, e,
together with the journal or box for receiving the end of the roller shaft
and the hollow cylinder of the bearing piston, herein-after described, are
made in one piece, as will be understood by an examination of Figures 3
and 4. The four uprights e, e, e, e, their arched tops, and the cross
head joining them are hollow (see Figures 2 and 4). The bases
e², e, e, e³, of the uprights e, e, e, e, are made into short hollow cylinders
which fit upon the pistons c², c², c², c², of the supports c, c, c, c, the
said hollow cylinders working water-tight upon the said pistons by
means of the cupped packings.c³. The four uprights e, e, e, e, and the
cross head constituting the hollow framing of the mill are filled with
water under pressure by means of a small hand hydraulic pump con-
nected with one of the uprights, and all the parts of the mill except the
fixed supports c, c, c, c, are supported on the water between the pistons c²
and the tops of the cylinders e² of the uprights e. By increasing the
quantity of water forced into the cylinders e² the whole mill rises, and
by diminishing the said water the mill is allowed to descend. h is the
pan on the bottom or table i, of which the matter to be crushed is
placed. The said pan is connected to the vertical rotary shaft k, the said
shaft being supported at bottom on the bearing / carried by the bed
plates g, and turning at top in a bearing at m carried by the cross head f.
Rotation is given to the pan h, i, by the bevil gearing n, p, the shaft of

page_text: .
the bevil pinion p being driven in any convenient manner; q is the
horizontal shaft on which the rotating crushing rollers r, r, turn loosely,
the vertical shaft of the pan passing through an eye in the said roller
shaft. The peripheries of the crushing rollers r, r, are made to bear
upon the table i of the rotating pan h, and have motion given to them
by the said table. Pressure of the crushing rollers r, r, on the table i is
produced, and the pressure of the whole mill transmitted to the said
crushing rollers in the following manner :-The ends of the roller shaft q
are fitted in blocks 8, s, the said blocks being capable of a rising and
falling motion in the journals or boxes t, t, carried by the sides of
the hollow framing of the mill. The upper contracted parts u, u, of the
journals or boxes t, t, constitute hollow cylinders, the said hollow
cylinders being in communication with the cylinders e², e², and hollow
framing e, e, f, of the mill, as best seen in Figure 4. In each of the
hollow cylinders ua piston v works, the broad base of the said piston
bearing upon the blocks of the roller shaft q. The shape of the base of
the bearing pistons v, v, is best seen by the dotted lines in Figure 1.
The pistons v, v, work water-tight in the cylinders u, u, by means of
the cupped packings w, w. The area of the two roller shaft bearing
pistons v, v, being less than the area of the four frame supporting pistons
c², c², c², c², it follows that the pressure of the whole mill is transmitted
through the hydraulic power to the roller shaft bearing pistons v, v, and
by the latter to the shaft q. The crushing rollers r, r, are thereby
pressed forcibly into contact with the rotating platform i, and great
crushing power obtained in the mill without the use of the heavy stones
or crushers ordinarily employed. In case any hard substance incapable
of being crushed by the power of the mill be introduced between the
rotating platform or table i and the rollers r, r, one or other of the said
rollers rises or is canted. The blocks of the roller shaft q is thereby
made to act upon and raise its piston v, the rising of the said piston
forcing the water from its cylinder into the frame supporting cylinders e³
and causing the whole mill slightly to rise. On the removal of the hard
substance the parts of the mill resume the positions represented in the
Duanzine

page_text: Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I
do not limit myself to the precise details herein described and illustrated
as the same may be varied without departing from the nature of my
Invention; but I claim as my Invention the improvements herein-before
described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing in mills for
crushing mineral and other substances, that is to say, so constructing
and arranging or combining the parts of the said mills that by means of
hydraulic power the whole weight of the mill is transmitted to the
crushing rollers, the crushing roller shaft being capable of yielding when
any hard substance is introduced between the platform and the said
rollers, substantially as herein described and illustrated.
-
In witness whereof, I, the said John Withinshaw, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.
Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT,
Clerk to George Shaw,
Birmingham.
JOHN WITHINSHAW. (L.S.)