Improvements in or relating to Pneumatic Hammers and Rivetting Apparatus.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 9th May, 1899-Accepted, 5th Aug., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Pneumatic Hammers and Rivetting
Apparatus.
I, REGINALD HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert Haddan & Co., of 18, Bucking-
am Street, Strand, London, W.C., Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention a communication to me from abroad by Joseph Boyer, of
5334, Maple Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri, in the United States of America,
Mechanical Engineer, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:--
The invention relates to that class of pneumatic rivetting apparatus in which a
suitable device such as a holder on or dolly-bar is employed to hold the rivet in
position with its head against one side of the plates which are being rivetted
together, while a suitably supported pneumatic hammer operates upon the
opposite end of the rivet to hammer it down and head it. The invention has for
its object the provision of more convenient and effective means than heretofore
devised for holding the rivet up to the plates and for supporting the pneumatic
hammer and holding it up to its work; and its novelty consists in certain new
constructions, arrangements, combinations and modes of operation of the parts
constituting my novel apparatus, all of which will be hereinafter set forth and
more particularly pointed out in the claims.
In the accompanying drawings Fig. 1 is a view of the complete apparatus in
position to rivet together the two angle plates there shown; Figs. 2 and 3
enlarged detail views of the devices carried by the opposite arms of the yoke
and the
frame shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 showing the dolly bar
the frame, and Fig. 3 showing the pneu-
clamp for securing it to
matic hammer, the cylinder in which it is enclosed; and the clamp, for
securing it to the opposite arm of the supporting frame; Fig. 2 a detail from
Fig. 2 showing spring, Fig. 4 an end view of the right hand end of the parts
shown in Fig. 3 with the cap upon the end of the cylinder removed; Fig. 5 an
enlarged sectional detail of the rear end of the pneumatic hammer and its enclos-
ing cylinder, showing the valve mechanism of the hammer; and Fig. 6 a sectional
detail on the line 6-6 of Fig. 5.
The same letters of reference are used to indicate corresponding parts in all
the views.
As shown in Fig. 1, the supporting frame A of the apparatus is of yoke shape
and strongly braced to secure the greatest possible rigidity and strength in its
depending arms or legs B, C, and is adapted to be supported by a chain D and
a suitable trolley wheel upon an overhead track, along which the apparatus may
be moved at will as required by the work to be done.
The left hand arm B of the yoke frame carries at its lower end the device for
holding the rivet in position against one side of the plates E while its opposite
end is operated upon by the pneumatic hammer carried by the lower end of the
arm C of the frame. The device carried by the arm B I will term the dolly
bar of the apparatus. It consists of a heavy solid casting F. the exterior of
whose body is cylindrical in form, and is provided at its inner or forward end
:

page_text: with a reduced cylindrical extension G. The inner end of the casting F and its
extension G are provided with a longitudinal bore H in which fits the stem I
of the button set J, which latter has a concave or other suitably shaped recess
to fit over the head of the rivet, as shown in Fig. 1. The part G of the casting F
is provided with a circumferential groove in which fits a strong wire spring K
which serves to confine, upon opposite sides of the part G, flat springs L (Figs. 1
and 2) suitably shaped to form shoulders which engage an annular shoulder a
formed upon the outer or rear end of the button set J, these springs L L serving
by their engagement with the shoulder a to yieldingly hold the button set J in
position upon the dolly bar F.
Provision is made for securing the dolly bar F to an arm B of the supporting
frame in such a way as to permit lateral adjustment, and also easy removal, of
the dolly bar. To this end the casting F has formed upon its upper side and
extending its full length a smaller cylindrical part M, which is engaged by a
clamp N carried by the arm B. The pneumatic hammer is secured to the opposite
arm of the yoke frame by a similar clamp, a sectional view of which is shown
in Fig. 3 and an end view in Fig. 4 to which latter reference may here be made in
describing the clamp of Fig. 2. As seen in Fig. 4 the body of the clamp is
composed of two parallel plates or halves b c integrally united at their upper
ends. The lower ends of the plates bc are shaped to partially surround and
embrace the cylindrical part M upon the dolly bar F, and bolts & passing through
the plates be and provided with nuts e serve to clamp said plates firmly to the
part of the dolly bar casting F. Upon loosening the bolts the dolly bar
can be slid longitudinally in the clamp and adjusted to the desired position, or
entirely removed therefrom, and upon tightening up the bolts it may be firmly
secured in adjusted position. To afford additional security the part M is pre-
ferably provided with transverse holes and a bolt f passed through the clamp N
and the part M. The longitudinal adjustment of the dolly bar in the clamp in
such case is from hole to hole in the part M.
Formed upon the upper side of the clamp N at its. inner end is a socket O
(see the corresponding socket O¹ in Fig. 3) while it is provided at its rear end
with two vertically projecting ears P. The inner one of the two lower extre-
mities of the arm B of the yoke frame fits in the socket 0 and is secured by a
bolt g passed through the same, Fig. 1, whilst the ears P upon the rear end of the
clamp embrace between them the outer extremity of the arm B of the frame and
are bolted to the same as shown in Fig. 1.
In this manner and by these means a very rigid and secure, and at the same
time adjustable, attachment of the dolly bar to the yoke frame is obtained.
By means of a similar clamp N' having a socket O and ears P¹, Figs. 3 and 4
there is adjustably secured to the lower end of the opposite arm C of the yoke
frame a hollow cylinder C which is provided upon its upper side with an integral
longitudinal tube R corresponding to the part M of the dolly bar F and serving
the same purpose in connection with the clamp N¹ as will be readily under-
stood. The cylinder Q contains the pneumatic hammer of the apparatus and is
provided with two chambers, the smaller forward one of which is adapted to
receive and fit the barrel or cylinder S of the hammer, and the larger rear one
of which receives and approximately fits the coupling sleeve T by which the
cylinder head is secured to the rear end of the cylinder S of the hammer, as
hereinafter explained. The entire pneumatic hammer is free to be slid backward
and forward within the cylinder Q, the annular shoulder U formed at the 5
junction of the larger and smaller chambers of the cylinder forming a stop whose
co-operation with the front end of the coupling sleeve T of the hammer limits the
forward movement of the latter in the cylinder Q.
The front end of the barrel S of the hammer projects more or less from the
front end of the cylinder Q, according to the position of the hammer within
the cylinder and the bushing or sleeve V driven into its front end receives the
stem I of the button set J¹ corresponding to the button set J carried by the
5

page_text: olly bar and heretofore described.
The Iront end of the
P
ith a circumferential groove in which fits a strong wire spring K₁ correspond-
ng to the spring K of Fig. 2 and like the latter spring serving to secure in
lace two flat springs L' which cooperates with an annular shoulder a¹ upon the
utton set J¹ to yieldingly hold the latter in position in the front end of the
hammer.
The pneumatic hammer contained within the cylinder Q may be of any suitable
construction, that illustrated in the drawings being substantially the same,
with the exceptions hereafter noted, as that heretofore patented by Letters
Patent No. 24,165* of 1896.
S is the barrel or cylinder of such hammer, and W the piston or striker recip-
rocating with the barrel S and delivering its blows upon the stem I¹ of the
button set J. The automatic valve controlling the reciprocations of the piston W
is shown in the sectional view of Fig. 5 but inasmuch as the construction and
operation of the valve, and the ports and passages cooperating with it are sub-
stantially the same as in the aforesaid patent, it will be sufficient to here state
that the cylindrical valve X is contained in a suitable chamber in a valve block Y
fitting against the rear end of the barrel or cylinder S of the hammer, while
fitting against the rear end of the valve block Y is the cylinder head Z. This
head is exteriorally threaded to receive the interiorally threaded rear end of
coupling sleeve A' which surrounds the valve block Y and is provided at its
forward end with an internal annular shoulder engaging an external annular
Rotation of the valve block Y
shoulder upon the rear end of the cylinder S.
upon the rear end of the cylinder S is prevented by suitable dowel pins and
recesses between the two parts, as is also rotation of the cylinder head Z upon
These parts being held from
the rear end of the valve block Y by like means.
turning relatively to each other the coupling sleeve A¹ is screwed firmly upon
the cylinder head Z and serves to securely bind the parts together. The cylinder
head Z is provided with a circular row of inlet ports B1, Fig. 6 through which
the motive fluid, admitted to the rear end of the enclosing cylinder Q as here-
after explained, passes into the valve chamber and thence under the control of
the valve, to the opposite ends of the piston chamber containing the piston W
to reciprocate the latter, in the manner described in the aforesaid patent. The
exhaust from the opposite ends of the piston chamber and forward side of the
valve escapes through two circular rows of exhaust ports CD¹ extending radially
through the wall of the valve block Z, and through coincident holes E F¹ in
the coupling sleeve A¹; see Fig. 3. The coupling sleeve is provided upon its
exterior with a series of longitudinal grooves G into which the holes E FI
open, the grooves extending forward from said holes, but not rearward therefrom.
These grooves G₁ permit the exhaust motive fluid escaping through the exhaust
ports CD and holes E¹ F¹ in the coupling sleeve to pass freely forward into
the front end of the large chamber of the cylinder Q, and to escape therefrom
through openings H in the wall thereof at the front end of such chamber, as
seen in Fig. 3.
The cylinder head Z is provided upon its rear side with a central boss M upon
which fits a circular plate Q' which is provided with a circular row of slots R¹
coinciding with the circular row of inlet ports B¹ in the cylinder head Z and
secured in place by a cotter pin S¹ passed through the boss M. Confined between
the cylinder head Z and the plate Q is a cup shaped leather washer or packing
ring T¹ snugly fitting the inner surface of the enclosing cylinder Q.
The extreme rear end of the cylinder Q is interiorly threaded and has secured
in it a disk U¹ provided with a central threaded opening V1 and with additional
openings W. Fitting against the rear end of the cylinder Q is a circular cap X¹
secured in place by a screw bolt Y₁ engaging the central threaded hole in the
disk U and provide with a pipe connection Z¹ whose passage communicates with
the chamber within the cap X and thence through the openings W in the
disk U¹ with the rear end of the large chamber within the enclosing cylinder Q.

page_text: A pipe A is screwed into the pipe connection Z and connected by a flexible
hose with the reservoir of compressed air or other motive fluid supply. A
throttle valve C interposed in the pipe A" controls the inlet of the motive fluid.
Under the construction and arrangement of parts above described, when the
throttle valve is opened and the motive fluid admitted to the rear end of the
enclosing cylinder Q its pressure upon the rear end of the pneumatic hammer
fitting within such cylinder will move the latter forward in the cylinder Q until
the button set J' comes in contact with the end of the rivet which is to be
operated upon, whereupon the forward movement of the hammer will be
arrested. The motive fluid will also pass through the inlet ports B' in the
cylinder head, to the valve chamber, and thence to the chamber containing the
piston W, thereby starting the operation of the hammer, whose piston W will
reciprocate under the action of the motive fluid and control of the valve X to
deliver blows to the stem I¹ of the button set J' in the usual manner of pneu-
matic hammers. Owing to the fact that the area of the inlet ports B' by which
the motive fluid is admitted to the valve and piston of the hammer is quite small
as compared with the entire area of the rear end of the hammer which is exposed
to the pressure of the motive fluid, the hammer will be moved forward within
the cylinder Q and its button set J¹ be brought into contact with the rivet, in
the manner described, before the valve and piston of the hammer will begin
to reciprocate, which sequence of operations is desirable, although not absolutely
necessary.
It will be understood from the foregoing description that in the operation of
rivetting with my improved apparatus it is only necessary to adjust the supporting
frame A to proper position opposite the rivet to be acted upon, and then open the
throttle valve C whereupon the pneumatic hammer will be automatically
advanced into contact with the end of the rivet, at the same time by reaction
bringing the button set of the dolly bar into firm engagement with the head
upon the opposite end of the rivet, and will then automatically begin operation
upon the rivet and hammer it down and head it.
The dolly bar is thus held up to the rivet on one side, and the pneumatic
hammer on the other, and the latter automatically advanced to the work as the
end of the rivet is hammered down, all by the action of the motive fluid within
the cylinder containing the hammer. This renders it possible for the operation
of rivetting to be carried on with my apparatus by a single work man, while
with a helper to place the rivets in position and aid in initially adjusting the
supporting frame, the operation may be performed with great rapidity.
Furthermore, owing to the fact that the means for holding the dolly bar up
to the work is carried entirely by opposite arm of the frame from that to which
the dolly bar is itself secured, it follows that the dolly bar may be made very
much shorter than could the devices heretofore employed in its place for holding
the rivet in position against the plates. Heretofore it has in some instances
been the practice to secure the pneumatic hammer in fixed position to one arm of
the supporting frame, and a pneumatic holder on to the other arm of the frame,
in which case the holder on occupied as much space as the pneumatic hammer,
with the result that the arm of the frame carrying the holder on could not be
inserted in narrow spaces, where many rivets are located in some classes of work,
and the usefulness of the apparatus was thereby materially limited. In my
improved apparatus, inasmuch as the pneumatic hammer is itself, in a sense,
the holder on, by reason of the fact that the pressure against its rear end serves
not only to advance it to working position but to also hold the dolly bar firmly
against the opposite side of the work, it follows that the dolly bar may be made
of any suitable size and shape and may be secured in fixed position to its arm
of the supporting frame, as described.
It will be understood that the yoke shaped frame which I have illustrated and
described is simply a convenient support for the dolly bar and pneumatic hammer,
and that any other suitable support for them may be substituted for the yoke

page_text: haped frame. In some classes of work a straight rod or bar will afford a suitable
and convenient support for them and by forming the clamps N and N¹ with
apper clamping portions, similar to their present lower clamping portions the
lolly bar and cylinder containing the pneumatic hammer may be readily secured
to and made adjustable along such rod or the clamps may be permanently (i.e. non
adjustably) secured at their lower sides to the dolly bar and cylinder and be
provided with clamping portions at their upper sides to engage such rod or bar,
as will be readily understood.
So far as I am aware I am the first in the art to combine a pneumatic hammer
with an enclosing cylinder to which motive fluid is supplied to advance the
hammer longitudinally of the cylinder, to hold it up to the work, and also operate
the hammer. A pneumatic hammer thus arranged within an enclosing cylinder
may be advantageously employed in a variety of relations, quite independently
of the yoke shaped frame and dolly bar associated with them in the present
instance, and my invention in this respect contemplates all such independent
uses of the hammer, as will be indicated by the terms of my claims relating
to it.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:
1. The combination of a suitably supported cylinder, a pneumatic hammer
inclosed therein and movable longitudinally of the cylinder, and means for con-
trolling the admission of motive fluid to the cylinder, for the purpose described.
2. The combination of a suitably supported cylinder, a pneumatic hammer
inclosed therein and movable longitudinally of the cylinder, and a single
throttle-valve for controlling the admission of motive fluid to the cylinder and
interior of the pneumatic hammer, whereby upon opening said valve the hammer
will be advanced to the work and automatically started.
3. The combination of a suitably supported cylinder, a pneumatic hammer
inclosed therein and movable longitudinally thereof, and having inlet ports at its
rear end, and means for controlling the admission of motive fluid to the rear
end of the cylinder and the interior of the pneumatic hammer, for the purpose
described.
4. The combination of a suitably supported cylinder, a pneumatic hammer
inclosed therein and movable longitudinally thereof, and provided at its rear
end with a packing ring or washer snugly fitting the interior of the cylinder,
exhaust openings in the forward part of the cylinder communicating with the
exhaust passages of the pneumatic hammer, and a throttle-valve controlling the
admission of the motive fluid to the rear end of the cylinder and interior of the
0 pneumatic hammer, for the purpose described.
เอ
50
5. The combination of the dolly-bar and the cylinder secured to a suitable
support, a pneumatic hammer inclosed within the cylinder and movable longi-
tudinally thereof, and means for controlling the admission of motive fluid to
described.
the cylinder, for the purpose
6. The combination of the dolly-bar and the cylinder secured to a suitable
support, a pneumatic hammer enclosed within the cylinder and movable longi-
tudinally thereof and a single throttle-valve controlling the admission of motive
fluid to the cylinder and to the interior of the hammer, whereby upon opening
such valve the hammer will be advanced to the work and automatically started.
7. The combination of the dolly-bar and cylinder secured to a suitable support
and adjustable thereon toward and from each other, a pneumatic hammer enclosed
within the cylinder and movable longitudinally thereof, and means for controlling
the admission of motive fluid to the cylinder, for the purpose described.
8. The combination of the dolly-bar and cylinder and the clamps adjustably
55 securing them to a suitable support, a pneumatic hammer in the cylinder, and a

page_text: throttle valve for controlling the admission of motive fluid to the cylinder and
interior of the pneumatic hammer, for the purpose described.
9. The herein described pneumatic riveting apparatus, composed of the
yoke-shaped supporting frame, a dolly-bar secured to one arm of the frame, a
cylinder secured to the opposite arm thereof, a pneumatic hammer inclosed in
said cylinder and movable longitudinally thereof, and means for controlling the
admission of motive fluid to the cylinder, for the purpose set forth.
10. The herein described pneumatic riveting apparatus, composed of the
yoke-shaped supporting frame, the dolly bar secured to one arm thereof, the
cylinder secured to the opposite arm thereof in line with the dolly-bar, said
cylinder and dolly-bar being adjustable toward and from each other upon their
respective arms of the supporting frame, the pneumatic hammer enclosed within
the cylinder and movable longitudinally therein, and means for controlling the
admission of motive fluid to the cylinder, for the purpose set forth.
oppo-
11. The herein described pneumatic riveting apparatus composed of the yoke-
shaped supporting frame having a clamp secured to the extremity of each of its
arms, the dolly-bar carried by the clamp on one of said arms, and adapted to be
adjusted lengthwise in the clamp and firmly held in adjusted position by tighten-
ing up
the clamp, the cylinder carried by the clamp of the
site arm of the supporting frame adapted to be adjusted and firmly
held in adjusted position by tightening up the clamp, a cylinder
carried by the clamp of the opposite arm of the supporting frame and
adapted to be adjusted and firmly held in adjusted position in the same manner,
the pneumatic hammer inclosed in said cylinder and movable longitudinally
therein, and means for controlling the admission of motive fluid to the cylinder,
for the purpose set forth.
12. The combination of the supporting frame A having the arms B C provided
with the clamps N and N', respectively, the dolly-bar F provided with the
part M engaged by the clamp N and having the bore H to receive the stem I
of the button set J, the cylinder Q having the part R engaged by the clamp N
and provided with the two chambers forming the annular shoulder U at their
junction, the pneumatic hammer having the barrel S fitting in the smaller
forward chamber of the cylinder Q and the sleeve T fitting in the larger rear
chamber thereof and adapted to co-operate with the shoulder U to limit the for-
ward movement of the hammer within the cylinder, the supply pipe A" com-
municating with the rear end of the cylinder Q, and the throttle-valve C
controlling the passage of the motive fluid through said pipe, substantially as
described.
13. The combination of the cylinder Q having the two chambers forming the
annular shoulder U at their junction, the pneumatic hammer having the barrel S
fitting in the smaller forward chamber of the cylinder and the sleeve T fitting in
its larger rear chamber, the packing ring T¹ secured to the rear end of the
hammer and snugly fitting the interior of the larger chamber of the cylinder Q,
the supply pipe A communicating with the rear end of the cylinder, and the
throttle-valve C in said pipe, substantially as described.
14. The combination of the cylinder Q having the two chambers forming the
annular shoulder U at their junction, the pneumatic hammer having the barrel S
fitting in the smaller forward chamber of the cylinder and the sleeve T fitting
in its larger rear chamber, the packing ring T secured to the rear end of the
hammer and snugly fitting the interior of the larger chamber of the cylinder Q,
the disk U screwed into the rear end of the cylinder Q and provided with the
central threaded hole and with the openings W1, the cap X' fitting against the
rear end of the cylinder Q and provided with the pipe connection 7, and the
screw-bolt Y passed through the cap X and engaging the threaded hole in the
disk U¹, to secure the cap X to the head of the cylinder, substantially as described.
15. The combination of the cylinder Q. the pneumatic hammer inclosed therein
and having the barrel S, the valve block Y. fitting against the rear end of the

page_text: barrel S, the head Z fitting against the rear end of the valve block 1, and the
coupling sleeve A' provided at its forward end with the internal annular shoulder
engaging the external annular shoulder on the barrel S and screwed at its rear
end upon the head Z, and provided upon its exterior with the longitudinal
grooves G having openings E¹ communicating with the exhaust openings in the
valve-block, substantially as described.
16. The combination of the cylinder Q, the pneumatic hammer fitting therein
and provided at its rear end with the head Z having the inlet openings. 13 and the
central boss M¹, the disk Q¹ fitting upon the boss and secured in place by the
pin S', and having the openings registering with the inlet openings B in the
head Z, and the cup shaped packing ring or washer T confined between the head Z
and disk Q and snugly fitting the inner surface of the cylinder Q, substantially
as described.
17. The combination with the dolly-bar F having the part M, of the clamp N
composed of the portions b c shaped at their lower ends to embrace the part M
of the dolly-bar F, and the bolts and nuts de for tightening the clamp, sub-
stantially as described.
18. The herein described clamp N, composed of the two halves be integrally
connected at their upper ends and shaped at their lower ends to embrace a
cylindrical member, the bolts d and nuts e for tightening the clamp, and the
socket O¹, and ears P¹ for connecting the clamp to its support, substantially as
described.
19. The combination, with the dolly-bar F having the cylindrical extension G
and bore H, the button set J having the stem I fitting in the bore H, and provided
5 with the annular shoulder a the spring K seated in a circumferential groove on
the part G, and the spring or springs L confined in place by the spring K and
co-operating with the shoulder a for the purpose described.
20. The combination, with the barrel S of a pneumatic hammer, of a working
tool having a stem or shank 1' extending within said barrel, and a shoulder a
0 of the spring K¹ seated in a circumferential groove on the barrel S, and the
spring or springs L' confined in place by the spring K¹ and engaging the
shoulder a', substantially as described.
1000