Improvements relating to Centrifugal Cream Separators.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 5th June, 1894-Accepted, 7th July, 1894
UUMI LEID
Improvements relating to Centrifugal Cream Separators.
I, ERIK GUSTAF NICOLAUS SALENIUS, of Drottninggatan 2, Stockholm in the
Kingdom of Sweden, Mechanician, do hereby declare the nature of this invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained, in and by the following statement :-
--
The object of my invention is to collect slime and other like matters which as is
well known during the centrifugal operation is separated from the milk and deposits
itself on the inner side of the drum, where it soon forms a thick layer, if it is not
frequently removed from the said drum.
This deposit of slime is not without its importance for the centrifugal operation,
as experience has shown, that the longer it is allowed to continue without cleansing,
the greater is the quantity of cream which leaves the apparatus although of course
it is so much the poorer, and the quantity of skimmed milk smaller in the same
proportion, that is, the effect is reduced, as the object of the apparatus of course is
to separate the cream from the milk.
This is of particular importance, when the cream is to be immediately worked
into butter, either in the same or in another apparatus, it being of course
advantageous to obtain the cream as fat as possible, as it is fat in the shape of
butter which is to be the final product. Moreover, the time which it takes to
churn is different for poorer and fatter cream, wherefore an invariable percent. of
fat in the cream is an important condition for a continuous churning.
This invention relates therefore to arrangements which will serve to collect the
slime, so that it does not accumulate on the wall of the drum, that is, not near the
outlet for the skimmed milk and which will also permit of a speedy removal of
the slime from the said drum. The arrangements consist in substance of plates
superposed upon each other in the drum or of cylinders passed one into the other
and arranged so as to form a number of small compartments, through which the
In these small
milk must pass on its way from the centre to the periphery.
compartments the slime deposits itself, particularly on those sides which are
perpendicular to the current, while the milk passes through narrow openings from
one compartment to another.
In the accompanying drawings
Figure 1 is a vertical section of a drum with my improvements applied
thereto.
Figure 14 is a detail of the feed pipe.
Figures 2, 3 and 4 show modifications of the invention.
According to Figure 1 the drum contains superposed plates a of a step-like cross
section, which rest on a conical vessel b located on the bottom of the said drum, and
into which the milk is led in through the pipe c in order to pass out over the inner
edge of the vessel. The pipe c is provided with wings d which at the top rest
against the lid of the drum, constituting guides for the plates as shown in Figure 1^.
The plates are of the same size with respect to the diameter at the different steps so
that they do not therefore fall one into another but rest upon each other by means
of the edges of the steps. The spaces between the plates are thus divided into
annular compartments, one outside the other.
During the centrifugal operation the cream passes towards the centre and the
skimmed milk towards the periphery. The skimmed milk then encounters the outer
vertical wall of the annular compartment and passes between the edges of the steps
into the next compartment outside the former, and so on.
In every annular

page_text: interspace the slime deposits itself on the outer vertical wall and very little
accumulates upon the wall of the drum itself. When removing the plates from the
drum the slime is also removed from the latter, and the shape of the plates offers
no difficulty to this cleansing. In order to further protect the outlet of the milk
from being filled with slime, the same is located behind a ring e which is arranged
upon the plates immediately under the lid. In Figure 1 the fine dots show how the
slime a accumulates.
From the above it is easy to understand, that the small compartments, which form
the chief point, can be obtained in many different ways.
Figure 2 represents another form or modification consisting therein that several
cylinders are passed one into another and placed upon an intermediate bottom
in the drum. Between the cylinders are interspaces divided into small compart-
ments by flanges h projecting from the outer or inner sides of the cylinders. The
flanges may be conveniently fixed so that in cross section, they form steplike shelves
in accordance with Figure 1. Between the flanges are small holes in the
cylinders in order to provide passages for the different currents running to and from
the centre. The bottom g is provided with outlets for the milk.
In Figure 3 I have shown another modification similar to that shown in Figure 1,
in which plates are also superposed one upon another, forming in pairs several
annular interspaces located one outside the other. These annular interspaces are
however formed so that the plates are provided with concentric U-shaped
depressions and turned alternately right side up and upside down, and in this way
the depressions of the one will be opposite the interspaces between the depressions
of the other, as distinctly shown in Figure 3. The mode of action is the same as
that already described.
P
It is evident that the flanges in the cylinders, Figure 2, may also be arranged
in such a way, that the interspaces in the vertical plane will have the same
position one to another as in Figure 3.
The plates may also be of a more simple shape as shown in Figure 4, where they
have only one edge m bent up and are made plane for the rest of their surface.
These plates are placed one with the bent edge turned downwards and the next
with the said edge turned upwards and in this way they will be placed close to
each other alternately with the edges and the plane surfaces, as shown in
Figure 4.
In this way the interspaces n are obtained, which are terminated by somewhat
abrupt walls, between the opposite edges of which the milk is forced.
As the collecting of the slime is based upon the fact that there are frequent
obstacles to the current running radially outwards, in order that the slime may
accumulate on these obstacles, there is nothing to prevent the plates Figures 1, 3
and 4 as well as the flanges, Figure 2, being perforated at certain places, partly in
order that the cream may easier pass to the centre, and partly that the milk led
into the drum may easily pass to the annular compartments.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In milk centrifugal apparatus an arrangement for collecting the slime, that
separates from the milk, consisting in superposed plates located in the centrifugal
arum concentric with the shaft, these plates having a step-like cross section and
resting against each other by the edges of the steps, with the object of providing
annular interspaces between the plates one outside another, in each of which the
slime is collected on the outer axial side, and thus avoiding the hitherto inevitable
unevenness in the separation of the milk owing to the deposit of slime..
2. The modified arrangement in which the plates in lieu of steps are provided
with concentric U-shaped depressions and every alternate plate being turned upside
down with respect to the adjacent one, so that annular interspaces located one
outside another are formed between the plates.

page_text: 3. The modification of the arrangement specified in the first claim, consisting
therein that the plates are replaced by cylinders placed one into the other and
located in the drum concentric with the shaft, between which cylinders are
interspaces the said cylinders being provided with flanges dividing the interspaces
into small compartments, the cylinders being provided with holes between the
flanges.
4. The modification of the arrangement specified in the first claim consisting
therein, that the plates are plane and bent up at the outer edge and turned in pairs
with the bent edges towards each other, so that the plates may form interspaces,
which terminate on the outside in the said edges.
Dated this 5th day of June 1894.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.