IMPROVEMENTS IN DRILL PROAL
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Henry Sams, of the Firm of Ben. Reid
& Co., Agricultural Implement Makers, Bon Accord Works, Justice
Mill Lane, Aberdeen, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRILL
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Henry Sams at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th September 1867.
I, JOSEPH HENRY SAMS, of the Firm of Ben. Reid & Co., Agricultural
Implement Makers, Bon Accord Works, Justice Mill Lane, Aberdeen, do
bereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRILL
SOWING MACHINES, IN HORSE RAKES, AND IN HORSE HOES," to be as follows:-
Firstly. My improvements consist in making the "lever joints," "shoulders,"
or "coulter stalk joints" of drill sowing machines in such a manner that the
"levers" or "coulter stalks" can effectually resist great side pressure, and
consequently will not run together on stony or brae set land. Also in making
the "levers" or "coulter stalks" in such a manner that they can be easily
and separately removed in case of a bend or break. For this purpose I
make the "shoulder" or "lever joint" of wrought, malleable cast, or cast
iron, and in the form of a triangle, but having the two sides only. A hole is
bored or punched in each of the sides near the base, and the "shoulder" is
slid on the "shoulder rod," which passing through the said holes in the

page_text: sides form the base of the triangle. At the apex of the triangle (forming the
shoulder) I make a "socket" or "recess." The "levers" or "coulter stalks
are of wrought iron or other suitable material, and I form that end of the
"lever" which is furthest from the coulter into a circular hook having a diameter
corresponding to the diameter of the "shoulder rod." The "lever"
"coulter stalk" is hooked on to the "shoulder rod" by means of said hook,
and then dropped into the recess or "socket" in the apex of the "shoulder," so
that it forms a perpendicular to the base of the triangle, passing through the
apex. The "lever is attached to the "socket" in a firm manner by a bolt
and nut, pin, link; wedge, or other suitable means, and both the lever and
"lever joint" or "shoulder" revolve freely round the "lever joint" or "shoulder
rod," which forms the axis to them both. The shoulder is of sufficient
breadth at the base and the "socket" sufficiently far up the "lever" from
the base to enable the "coulter" and "coulter stalk" or "lever" to resist
very, considerable side pressure, while it will rise and fall with perfect ease..to
adapt itself, to tbe, irregularities of the soil.
10.
Secondly. My improvements in horse rakes consist in making the
shoulders" for the teeth or tines, attaching the same to the shoulder rod'
forming the teeth or tines with a circular hook, and attaching them to the
"shoulders and shoulder rod," as in the drill sowing machines I make
and arrange the "coulter stalks" and the "shoulders."
Thirdly. My improvements in horse hues consist in adopting the same
plan to attaching the levers (which carry the hoes) to the "shoulders" and
"shoulder rod" which support them, and by means of substituting hoes for
coulters" using the same frame of the drill sowing machine.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Henry Sams in the Great Seal Patent Office, on the
19th March 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
HENRY. SAMS, of the Firm of Ben. Reid & Co., Agricultural Implenient
Makers, Bon Accord Works, Justice Mill Lane, Aberdeen, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her beirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Joseph Henry Sams, Hér special licence that I, the said Joseph Henry

page_text: Sams, my executors, administrators, and, assigns, or such others as I, the said
Joseph Henry Sams, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time, agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and. Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DRILL SOWING MACHINES, IN HORSE RAKES, AND IN HORSE HOES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Joseph Henry Samis, my
executors.or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
-Patent.
וי
!:
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Henry, Sams, do hereby declare
the nature, of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:+
The object. of these improvements is in the drill sowing machines to make
the "lever." fastenings in such a manner that while the levers will rise and
fall with the greatest ease and; on, meeting with any obstacle they will resist'
very great side pressure, thereby avoiding the danger of two or more "coulters"
being jammed together by a stone or being pressed together by the weight of
the machine when working along the side of a bill, and thus ensuring more
perfect regularity in the width of the drills. Also to enable the "levers" to
be quickly, easily, and separately removed whenever this may be necessary,
either in the case of a bend or breakage, or when the width of the drills
requires to be widened or narrowed.. To this end I make the lever joints" or
"shoulders" of wrought, malleable cast, or cast iron, and in the form of a
triangle, but having the two sides only, the sides being in two separate pieces or
in one solid piece joined at the apex. The ends of the sides forming the apex
of the triangular "shoulder "I make with a "socket" or "recess". of sufficient
dimensions to allow the lever to fit therein. In the ends near the base I-
punch or bore holes of a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the rod
which carries the "shoulders" and "levers," and which I purpose to call the
"shoulder rod;" the shoulders are then slid on to the "shoulder rod."
The "levers" I form at the end furthest from the coulter with a circular
look of a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the "shoulder rod," and
the "levers" are hooked on to the "shoulder rod" and placed in the "recess"
"

page_text: "
in the "
apex" of the triangular "shoulder," and bolts, pins, links, wedges, or
other suitable fastenings passed through holes bored through both lever and
61 recess, ," and thus the lever is securely held to the "shoulder" and on the
"shoulder rod," and they both revolve with ease and together on their common
axis the, shoulder rod. The "shoulder" is of sufficient breadth at the base and
the "socket" or "recess " sufficiently far up the "lever" to enable the "coulter
to resist very considerable side pressure, while it will rise and fall with perfect
ease to adapt itself to the irregularities of the soil. I also make the lever to
fasten only to the socket, but it is preferable to carry it on to the "shoulder
rod" to resist side pressure. It will be easily understood that by removing the
bolts, pins, links, wedges, or other fastenings which attach the "levers" to
the "shoulders" the levers can be easily and separately removed.
In horse rakes to enable each time to be easily and separately removed when-
ever necessary, either from a bend or breakage occurring, or when only one
half the tines are required for the purpose of raking or collecting; also to
give each tine more stability against side pressure. To this end I make the
"shoulders" and "tines" and fasten them together, and on the "shoulder
rod," as in the drill sewing machine, I make and arrange the "levers" and
the "shoulders," and attach them together and on the "shoulder rod."
To
In horse hoes to enable the same frame and "levers" to be used as are used
for the drill sowing machine, or if other frames be used to attach the "levers"
carrying the hoes to. "shoulders" and the "shoulder rod," as in the drill.
this end I remove the "coulters" which are attached to the "levers," and by
means of suitable fastenings I attach to each side of the "oval" through which
the seed pipe passes a hoe of wrought iron or steel, or other suitable material,
or I attach a hoe in place of the "coulter."
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to describe
the same by means of the accompanying Drawings.
Figure I., Plate I., shows the plan of the horse rake with the tines attached
to the "shoulder rod;" Figure II. shows the side elevation of the horse rake;
Figure III. represents a tine hooked on to the "shoulder rod;" and Figure IV.
represents a "shoulder" on the "shoulder rod."
"
In Figure I., a, a, a, are the tines, and b, b, b, are the "shoulders;"
c, c, c, are the ends of the tines, which are formed as hooks and hook on to
the "shoulder rod" d, d; e, e, e, are the "sockets or "recesses" in the
apexes of the "shoulders" in which the tines fit, and where they are attached
to the "shoulders" by means of the bolts and nuts i, i; 9, 9, are the arms
which carry the "shoulder rod" d, d, which passes through the centre arm h.
This aim h with the arm (Figure II.) forms an elbow with a boss P in the

page_text: The arm h is attached to the lever k,
through which the "shoulder rod"
centre, which boss works on the axle O.
and by depressing this lever the arm
passes is depressed, and carries with it the "shoulder rod" d, d, and the carrying
arms g, g; f.f, is a strengthening bar bolted on to the carrying arms 9, 9, and
the centre arm h; m (Figure II.) is a catch to prevent the tines from striking
violently on the axle O; A (Figure III.) represents a single tine hooked on
to the "shoulder rod" d; and B (Figure IV.) a single "shoulder" on the
"shoulder rod," e being the "socket" or "recess " for the tine. It will be easily
understood that by removing the bolt i each tine can be quickly, easily, and
separately removed from the "shoulder "6 and from the "shoulder rod "d, and
also that the "shoulder" being carried some distance down the tine from the
"shoulder rod" gives stiffness and strength to each tine to resist side pressure,
while they will at the same time rise and fall with the greatest ease, and on
meeting with the slightest obstacle.
"
Figure 1. (Plate II.) shows a plan of the drill sowing machine; Figure II.
shows the end elevation; Figure III. shows the plan of the "lever" with
"shoulder" and "shoulder rod;" Figure IV. shows the side elevation of the
same; Figure V. shows the plan of the "lever handles" for adjusting the
"shutting bar;" and Figure VI. shows the elevation of the same; Figure VII..
shows the plan of the hoes and the manner of attaching them to the "levers,"
and Figure VIII. shows the end elevation of the same. In Figures I. and II..
A is the frame of the machine, composed of two side frames, and having four
cross bars, which are morticed and securely attached to the side frames by
means of bolts; W, W, are the wheels which carry the machine; C is the
corn seed box, which is supported by brackets b, b; G is the grass and clover
seed box attached to frame by brackets g, g; P is the seed pinion rod which
carries the seed pinions p in the corn seed box. This rod works in the
bushes at each end, and in the intermediate bushes i. The end of this rod
passes through the side of the box, and has the spur pinion K keyed to it.
P¹ is the grass seed pinion rod in the box G, and carries the grass seed
pinions p¹. The end of this rod passes through the end of the box, and has
the pitch chain pinion F keyed to it. S, S, are the "shoulder rods" supported
shoulder
by the centre brackets d, d, through which they pass. These "
rods" have their ends reduced so as to form a collar, and the ends are
screwed. The ends pass through holes in the end brackets D, D, the collar
are firmly and
being on the inside of the brackets, and the "shoulder rods".
securely held by the nuts n, n, being screwed on outside the brackets.
R, R, are the "shoulders" or "lever joints" carried by the "shoulder rods;"
0, 0, are the levers with the coulters & firmly bolted to them by means

page_text: of the "coulter shanks" s, on to which the coulters are securely rivetted;
w, w, are the weights which regulate the depth the coulters cut into the
ground; T is the "quadrant bar" (made of square iron) carrying the
quadrants. L. To these quadrants the chains c, c, are attached. The chains
are attached at the other end to the links 1,1. These links are made to
move backwards or forwards, but not sideways. The quadrants L are grooved
(as shown in Figure 1.), and the chains work in this groove. The quadrant
bar T is supported at each end and in the centre, and at one end has the
handle H keyed to it. J, J, are the seed pipes which work one inside the
other telescopically, so as to allow the levers to work up and down. The top
one is attached by means of a socket to the pipe bar, and the lower one is
hinged to the plates of the coulter t. M is a spur pinion firmly keyed on the
driving wheel W, and is called the driving pinion; N is the intermediate
pinion, which revolves on a stud e fixed to a moveable bracket f; this bracket
works on a pivot; and is connected to the handle H by means of the levers v, v;
E, Figure I., is a pitch chain which passes round the pitch chain pinion Y
on the left drill wheel, and 'drives the pitch chain pinion F which is keyed to
the grass seed pinion rod P In Figures 111. and IV. the shoulder or
lever joint R is shown with the shoulder rod S passing through the
holes in the sides of the triangular shoulder near the base of the triangle.
Also the lever O hooked on to the shoulder rod, and fitting in the
socket 1 of the shoulder, and firmly attached therein by the bolt V. It will
be easily understood that by this mode of fastening the coulter is calculated to
withstand severe side pressure, while at the same time it will rise and fall with
the greatest ease, and on meeting with the slightest obstacle. U shows the 's
oval in the lever through which the seed pipe J passes to the coulter t.
In Figures V. and VI. the corn seed box is represented upside down to show
the arrangement of the lever handles and shutting bar. 2, 2, is a plate
of iron running the whole length of the box, and attached thereto by screws;
3, 3, are guides which keep the shutting bar 5 in its position as it moves S
from side to side to shut or open the seed discharge holes 4, 4; 6 is a stud
which attaches the handle 7 to the shutting bar; 8 is a pivot on which the
handle 7 works 9 is a quadrant in which a segment 10 works, and is kept in
any desired position by the tightening screw 11; 12 is a smaller handle
working on the pivot 13; this handle 12 has a projecting pin at the end which 3
passes through the handle 7 into a hole in the segment, and when the
segment is held fast by the tightening screws keeps the handle 7 and the
shutting bar securely in the desired position, so that no jolting will alter
the size and.opening of the seed holes. When the shutting bar is required to

page_text: be moved the handle 12 is depressed, and the pin raised from the segment,
and the handle 7 released. On wishing to regain the exact, former opening
the handle 7 is slid along the quadrant and over the segment until the pin
comes over the hole in the segment into which it is pressed by the spring 14
and held therein. By this means it is not necessary to arrange the openings
by the index 15 whenever the seed holes have to be closed. These shutting
bars are put on each box, but are. only shown in the Drawing in Figure 1,
s, h, are the shafts in Figure 1.
L
1.
Having now fully described all the working parts of the drill sowing
machine I will proceed to show how it is worked...
!!
+1
The drill being, started the driving, pinion M is set in motion; and com-
municates by means
of the "intermediate pinion," N the necessary motion to
the pinion K, this pinion being securely. keyed to the seed pinion, rod P
carries with it seed pinions p which are keyed to it, these in revolving carry
round the seed, and each arm of the pinion coming to the, seed., discharge
hole 4 (Figure V.) discharges a certain quantity of the seed, the quantity
being regulated by the shutting bar 5 (Figure V.); the seed passes, into a
receiving cup, and thence into the seed pipes J, through which it, falls
into the ground between the coulter plates, and is, covered up by the earth
(which has just been divided by the coulter t) falling in upon it., The
weights w, w, regulate the depth the "seeds shall be deposited.. The pitch
chain E is driven round by the motion of the pinion Y, and imparts motion to
the pinion F keyed on to the grass seed pinion rod. The grass seed pinions
being made to revolve send out the seed in the same manner as the pinions
in the corn box. Having arrived at the end of the field or a "bout.".the.coulters
must be raised; this is quickly effected by depressing the handle H, H
turns the quadrant bar T, and with it the quadrants L, and these describing
a circle equal to their diameter pull up the "levers and coulters by means
of the chains c, c. In thus depressing the handle H and raising the
"coulters" the intermediate pinion N is taken out of gear by means of the
"levers" v, v, attached to the handle H. The seed pinions being stopped in
their motion by this means no longer drive out any seed, and the necessity of
using the shutting bar to close the openings at the end of each "bout" is
obviated and much time saved. I also use a wooden roller with
pinion
keyed on a stud driven into the end of the roller; this pinion is driven round
by a larger one working on a stud projecting from a bracket bolted to the
frame. The handle is bolted to the larger pinion, and by depressing or
raising the handle the large pinion revolves and drives the other, and with it
the roller which has the chains hooked to it, and by this means the coulters
"}

page_text: are quickly raised. The intermediate pinion is taken out of gearing in the
manner before described.
In Figures VII. and VIII. the hoes X, X, are shown attached by means
of the bolts z, z, to the oval U. By this means they are firmly held in
their position. The ends are turned over and rest along the side of the
"oval," so that they cannot move. The oval insures sufficient room for
clearing the growing corn when hoeing between the drills. A great saving
is thus effected by using the same frame and levers as are used for the drill
sowing.
Having now fully set forth and described my Invention I wish it to be
understood that I do not limit myself to the precise methods above described;
but I claim the arrangement or any modification thereof of the levers
and shoulders as herein set forth, whereby great side pressure is resisted
by thecoulters," and whereby the levers can be easily and quickly
removed' when necessary."
.
"I also claim for the arrangement of the tines and shoulders of the borse
rakes, as herein set forth!
And also for the arrangement of the hoes on the levers, so that the drill
sowing machine may be easily converted into and used as a horse hoe.
das
of our
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Henry Sams, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of March, in the year
Lord One thousand eight. hundred and sixty-eight.
JOSEPH HENRY SAMS. (L.S.)