Improvements in Means or Apparatus for Governing Dynamo and other Machines.
Year: 1886

page_text: Improvements in Means or Apparatus for Governing Dynamo
and other Machines.
We, WALTER THOMAS GOOLDEN, and ALEXANDER PELHAM TROTTER, both of
2 Victoria Mansions, Westminster, Electrical Engineers, and HENRY WILLOCK
RAVENSHAW, of Bull Green Works, Halifax, in the County of York, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention.relates to means or apparatus for governing dynamo machines,
and may be applied to control the electro motive force or the current, according to
the requirements of the installation to which it is applied.
A part or the whole of the current produced by the dynamo or dynamos to
be regulated is made to circulate through the coil of a solenoid. This solenoid
is connected in the main circuit or in a shunt between the mains, either at the
terminals of the machine or at some point of the system.
The core of the solenoid is connected to an arrangement of friction gearing
which receives motion from a prime mover, or from the dynamo, or some other
source. This arrangement may be of the single or double disc type. In the
former a constantly rotating roller with an edge of suitable material, such as india
rubber, is moved by the action of the solenoid across the face of a disc; when the
roller is at the centre of the disc the latter receives no motion, but when the roller
is moved to either side the disc rotates. In the double disc arrangement two discs
or circular plates are fixed on a sleeve secured by a feather key, or its equivalent,
to a shaft. Between these discs there stands a friction pulley which rotates
constantly. The sleeve, which is counter weighted, is connected to the core of the
solenoid and when the current needs regulation it is moved upwards or downwards
and is thus set in motion in one direction or the other. It is evident that the
friction discs may be driven, and the roller receive its motion from them, instead
of the roller being driven as described above. The motion of the friction arrange-
ment may be utilised either to vary the speed of the dynamo or to vary the
resistance in its external or field circuits. Connected to it is a screw upon which
there works a nut connected to a contact piece moving over the terminals of a set
of resistance coils, which are, by this means, brought into or cut out of the circuit
of the dynamo-it may be into the field magnet circuit or, in a series machine

page_text: into a shunt across the terminals of that circuit. If the nut should approach too
closely to the end of the screw in either direction it may lift the friction disc out
of gear with the roller, or it may disengage itself from the threads of the screw.
Apparatus according to this invention may be used to control (through the
throttle valve or otherwise) a steam engine or turbine. Where considerable power 5
is required the discs may be replaced by bevil wheels.
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agent for the Applicants.
Improvements in "Means or Apparatus for Governing Dynamo
and other Machines.
We, WALTER THOMAS GOOLDEN and ALEXANDER PELIIAM TROTTER, both of
2 Victoria Mansions, 'Westminster, Electrical Engineers, and HENRY WILLOCK
RAVENSHAW, of 'Bull Green Works, Halifax,' in the County of York, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention relates to means or apparatus for governing dynamioʻmachines,
and may be applied to control the electro motive force or the current according to
the requirements of the installation to which it is applied.
A part or the whole of the current produced by the dynamo or dynamos to be
regulated is made to circulate through the coil of a solenoid. This solenoid is
connected in the main circuit or in a shunt between the mains, either at the
terminals of the machine or at some point of the system. The core of the solenoid
is connected to an arrangement of friction gearing which receives motion from a
prime mover, or from the dynamo, or some other source.
This arrangement may be of the single or double disc type. In the double disc
arrangement, which we prefer, two discs or circular plates are fixed on a sleeve
secured by a feather key, or its equivalent to a shaft.
Between these discs there stands a friction pulley which rotates constantly.
The sleeve, which is counterweighted is connected to the core of 'the solenoid and
when the current needs regulation it is moved upwards or downwards and is thus
set in motion in one direction or the other. It is evident.that the friction discs
may be driven and the roller receive its motion from them, instead of the roller
being driven as described above. The motion of the friction arrangement may be

page_text: utilised either to vary the speed of the dynamo or to vary the resistance in its
external or field circuits. Connected to it is a 'screw upon which there works a
nut connected to a contact piece moving over the terminals of a set of resistance
coils, which are, by this means, brought into or cut out of the circuit of the
dynamo it may be into the field magnet circuit or in a series machine into a
shunt across the terminals of that circuit. If the nut should approach too closely
to the end of the screw-in either direction it may lift the friction disc out of gear
with the roller, or it may disengage itself from the threads of the screw.
Apparatus according to this invention may be used to control (through the
throttle valve or otherwise) a steam engine or turbine. Where considerable, power
is required the discs may be replaced by bevil wheels.
Referring to the accompanying sheet of drawings Fig. 1 is a front elevation of a
double disc arrangement of apparatus according to this invention and Fig. 2 is an
underside view of the same, A is a solenoid 'traversed 'by a current from the
dynamo or other machine which the apparatus is designed to govern. This
solenoid has a core B, the weight of which is partly supported by 'the spring C
which passes down its 'hollow centre, and is affixed at one extremity to the lower
end of the core, and at the other extremity 'to the 'adjusting screw D. By means
'of the screw the tension of the spring can be varied, and thus the action of the
apparatus can be regulated within certain limits. Part of the weight of 'the core
is balanced by the double discs E E through the intermediary of the lever H.
These discs are connected together, and are free to rise and fall upon the spinille F,
but by means of a 'feather key are constrained to rotate with that spindle.
A portion of the weight of the discs is borne by the spring G, as these discs are
more than sufficiently heavy to balance the core B. This spring can be adjusted
by the nuts beneath it. J is a friction pulley with a rim of leather or india
rubber or similar material. It is mounted upon a shaft K which is kept in
constant rotation by a belt on the pulley L.
When the normal current is flowing in the solenoid 'A, the parts stand in the
positions shewn in the drawings. Should this current experience an increase the
core B will be drawn down into the solenoid A. The lever H which is pivotted to
the core at one end, and has an anti-friction pull-y running under the upper of
the friction discs at the other end, will be tilted and will bring the lower disc into
contact with the rotating pulley J, thereby setting the disc in motion. If, on the
other hand the current should decrease the core will experience less attraction into
the solenoid, and will rise until the upper disc rests on the friction pulley. The
disc will then rotate, but in the opposite direction to that when the lower disc
touched the pulley.
The amount of variation of current which must take place before the discs are
put into motion depends on the proportions of the springs C and G.
The motion of the discs E E is transmitted to the spindle F on which they are
mounted.
This spindle is screwed at its lower part and carries a nut M which is prevented
from rotating. Upon the nut are two arms N, O, which slide over electrical
contact pieces.
The piece under O is plain, but that under N is formed of the terminals of a
set of resistances. The current flows from O to N, or vice versâ, and according to
the position of the latter more or less resistance is included in the circuit of
which ON forms a part. The nut N carries a projection P, which at the top of
its travel touches the lower disc and raises the upper one out of contact with the
friction pulley if the apparatus should happen to over-run in that direction. If the
nut should travel too far in the other direction it will fall off the end of the screw
threads.
Although we have thus far described a double disc arrangement yet as already
mentioned a single disc may be employed and such an arrangement is illustrated
in Fig. 3 which is a diagrammatic view. In this arrangement the apparatus is
80 adjusted that when the normal current is flowing in the solenoid A the single

page_text: dise E will be at the centre of the friction pulley J which is constantly rotated
whilst when the current rises above or falls below the normal strength the disc E
will be moved by the lever H to one side or the other of the centre of the pulley J
and receive motion therefrom so as to operate the shaft F and nut M as before.
The disc E and pulley J are kept in frictional contact with each other by a lever Q
and spring R. In other respects this single disc arrangement of regulator is similar
to the apparatus bereinbefore described and corresponding parts in both arrange-
ments are similarly lettered:
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim in means or apparatus for governing dynamo and other machines, is :—
1. The combination with a solenoid through which a current produced by a
machine to be regulated can be caused to pass, of a friction disc (or discs) and
means whereby the same is (or are) made to rotate in one direction or the other
and so to actuate regulating apparatus according as the core of the said solenoid
moves end wise one way or the other, substantially as described.
2. The combination with a solenoid of a friction disc, (or discs) and a friction
pulley, the arrangement being such that one of these (either the disc or the pulley)
can be kept in constant rotation, the other being connected to the core of the
solenoid so as to follow its movements substantially as described.
3. The combination with a solenoid of a friction disc. (or discs), a friction
pulley, and a screw for operating an electric contact (or contacts) substantially as
described.
4. Providing the regulator with means whereby it throws itself out of action at
the end of its stroke by lifting the friction disc out of contact with the friction
wheel substantially as described and shown.
5. We also claim the improved governing apparatus constructed, arranged and
operating substantially as described with reference to and illustrated by the
drawings annexed.