IMPROVEMENTS IN PREVENTING SMOKE BY MEANS OF A FUMIVORE HYGIENIC APPARATUS."AL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jean Baptiste Pierre Alfred Thierry, junior, Jean
Louis Richard,.both of Paris, Chemists, and Baron Henry de Martiny,
of Versailles, (France), for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREVENTING
SMOKE BY MEANS OF A FUMIVORE HYGIENIC APPARATUS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jean Baptiste Pierrė
Alfred Thierry, junior, Jean Louis Richard, and Baron Henry de
Martiny, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 22nd January 1856.
We, JEAN BAPTISTE PIERRE ALFRED THIERRY, junior, JEAN LOUIS, RICHARD,
both of Paris, Chemists, and Baron HENRY DE MARTINY,. of Versailles
(France); do hereby declare, the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS
IN PREVENTING SMOKE BY MEANS OF A FUMIVORE HYGIENIC APPARATUS, to be as
follows,
The annexed. Drawing represents a vertical and longitudinal section of a
steam boiler, furnace. Our system is applicable to all descriptions of furnaces,
whether, for industrial; for domestic, or..culinary, purposes.;
It consists 1°. In putting under steam boilers, or in the interior of the fur-
nace or fire-place a metallic tubular apparatus, which we call the worm, and
which we adapt in the most convenient manner to the furnace.
2°. In injecting surcharged or superheated steam in the midst of the burning
materials in the furnace through small perforations inade on the worm, so that

page_text: this superheated steam may come in contact with the hydro carbons resulting
from the combustion of the fuel, and at the moment of their formation.
3°. In feeding this worm, when in operation, either with superheated steam
from the boiler, or with the waste steam from the machine, if the apparatus is
applied to a steam engine.
4°. In establishing under the grate, or, if necessary, within the furnace or
fire-place a second tubular apparatus of the same kind for the purpose of
producing a blast of superheated steam therein, a process which allows the
furnace to burn without admitting the external atmospheric air, and which
enables us to dispense with the tall chimneys used in factories.
5°. In employing a reservoir in which the exit steam is received as it issues
from the cylinder, and from which reservoir it is conveyed to the worm by
means of various junction tubes.
6°. In causing a stream of superheated steam to be discharged into the
aforesaid reservoir, for the purpose of increasing the heat of the waste steam,
and of giving it a greater impulse, so that it may be used as a blast.
7°. In admitting either ordinary or superheated steam by means of a third
worm, if necessary, into the interior of fire-places, or into vessels containing
ignited or molten substances. Where à boiler is not kept, it may be necessary
to erect one for the special purpose of the Invention.
8°. In lining the interior and exterior of our worns with platinum, in order
to prevent their oxydation, wearing out, or destruction.
9°. In conveying a thin stream of water within our worms in a small
metallic tube communicating with a reservoir suitably disposed.
1
10°. Finally, our apparatus may be composed of all the organs or arrange-
ments here above mentioned, or of only some of them, according to the use
for which it is intended.
Schedule. A, main steam boiler; B, generator; M, brickwork; D, flue or
chimney; F, fire-place; H, ash-pit; A¹, steam reservoir; 't, tube, conveying
the steam to the tube t¹ under the generator; this tube enters the fire chamber
at B¹; s, tube, conveying the steam from A' to the worm S¹ under the grate;
this tube enters the fire pit at C. The steam issues out of the worms t¹ and s³,
through the small perforations i, i, i, c, c, c. P, door of the fire-place; O,
door of the ash-pit; both of which doors remain closed during the operation.
'

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jean Baptiste Pierre Alfred Thierry, junior, Jean Louis
Richard, and Baron Henry de Martiny in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 22nd July 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JEAN
BAPTISTE PIERRE ALFRED THIERRY, junior, JEAN LOUIS RICHARD, both of
Paris, Chemists, and Baron HENRY DE MARTINY, of Versailles, France, send,
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by. Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of January, in the year of our Lord.
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Jean Baptiste Pierre Alfred Thierry, junior, Jean Louis Richard, and Baron
Henry de Martiny, Her special licence that we, the said Jean Baptiste Pierre
Alfred Thierry, junior, Jean Louis Richard, and Baron Henry de Martiny,
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Jean
Baptiste Pierre Alfred Thierry, junior, Jean Louis Richard, and Baron Henry
de Martiny, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree.
with; and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN PREVENTING SMOKE
BY MEANS OF A FUMIVORE HYGIENIC APPARATUS, upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said Jean Baptiste Pierre Alfred Thierry, junior, Jean
Louis Richard, and Baron Henry de Martiny, executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and, seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next-
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Jean Baptiste Pierre Alfred Thierry,
junior, Jean Louis Richard, and Baron Henry de Martiny, do hereby declare
the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following.
statement:
This Invention consists of an arrangement of apparatus for consuming the
smoke arising from the combustion of coal, wood, turf, and other fuel. The
apparatus consists of a spiral tube or worm, which is partly carried through

page_text: the furnace, in order that it may become highly heated by the burning fuel.
This spiral tube conveys steam from the boiler or steam chest, which becomes
highly heated in its passage, and is allowed to escape over the burning fuel
through a series of small apertures made in the spiral tube at the front part of
the furnace, and also at the back part behind the bridge. By this arrangement,
the gaseous matters evolved by the fuel, and which ordinarily pass off in the
form of smoke, combine with the superheated steam, which renders them
combustible, thereby preventing the emission of smoke.
But in order that our Invention may be fully understood and carried
into effect, we will proceed to describe the Drawing accompanying- and
forming part of this Specification, referring to the letters and figures marked
thereon.
I
Fig. 1 is.a front elevation of the apparatus; Fig: 2 is a longitudinal section
Fig. 3, a plan; and Figs: 4, 5, 6, and 7, views of the spiral coil.
'
A is the boiler; B, B, duplex boilers; C, the furnace; D, the ash-pit; E,
dome or steam chamber; F, the cylinder of 'the steam' engine; Geduction
pipe which conveys the used steam to the condensing vessel'S; H, a pipe for
conveying steam to the spiral tube or worin W; i, a tap or cock for admitting
steam to the pipe H; K, L, is a pipe divided at the lower end 'into two, as
shewn at O, P, and conveys atmospheric air to the ash-pit; by this arrange-
ment the front part of the ash-pit may be closed up, and the admission of air
to the furnace regulated at pleasure by a valve or damper fitted in the pipe
K, L. The spiral tube or worm W is secured to the brickwork of the
furnace by one or more hooks I, as shewn by-Fig. 5; in fitting these tubes.
we prefer that the parts marked f, g, h, i, be enclosed by the brickwork;
that the parts a, b, c, d, be partly enclosed; and that the branches b, c, d, f,
and g, h, in which a series of small perforations r, r, are maile, cross the
open fire-place. In order to preserve the tube or pipe from the action of
the fire, and to prevent its oxydizing, 'we' cover the inside and outside, where
necessary; with a filum or coating of platinum, which, is deposited either by
means of an electro-galvanic battery, or the tube may be coated by any
other analagous process. By this means the perforated tubes may be exposed
to an intense heat without 'injury; another mode of protecting them is to
surround them with a' coating' of fire clay or other fireproof composition;
the interior of the tube being protected by a quantity of fine iron wire, or
iron turnings placed in the entrance of the tube, which will absorb the
oxygen produced within the red-hot tube. The steam is admitted to the
spiral tube W by the tap or cock i; it passés álöng the tube, receiving addi-
tional heat in its passage, which may be increased: by the addition of .a

page_text: ...
* 47
heating chamber T, which is built so as to project into the furnace. The
superheated steam' issues' first from the perforations r, r, madesin the. tube
at the back of the fire bridge M, where it ignites the combustible gases which
would otherwise pass off through the chimney... A further portion of the steam:
rushes through the apertures r, r, in front of the furnace,,passing over the
burning, fuel, and, flashing the combustible gases. into flame... The supply of
steam for the spiral tube Wmay be taken either directly from the dome E of
the boiler, and conveyed through the pipe H, or, the waste, steam, may be used
after its escape from, the cylinder F; in this case it is conveyed to a chamber
or reservoir R by a pipe V, and from the reservoir by the pipe L to a spiral
tube placed in the furnace for the purpose of superheating the steam. From
the chamber R, the superheated steam passes to the perforated tube W, by,
the pipe U, X, H; should there be an overplus of steam, it is permitted to
escape into the atmosphere by the pipe V. In some cases it may be desirable
to add an additional perforated tube similar to the foregoing, but fitted beneath
the grate or fire bars of the furnace, to which steam is conveyed by the pipe l
m, n, o; the steam issues from perforations similar to those before described, and
passes through the burning fuel, the arrangement serving as a blowing machine
to urge the fire when required. By these means the fire may be maintained
at the desired degree of intensity, by regulating the velocity of the draught,
and thus the lofty shafts hitherto used for the purpose may be dispensed with.
In cases where the boiler or boilers in use are not of sufficient capacity to
produce the necessary quantity of steam to supply the perforated tube or tubes,
we set up a boiler for the purpose in a spot contiguous to the furnace or
furnaces, the smoke of which is to be consumed. The apparatus herein-before
described may be applied to any description of furnace or fire-place.
Figs. 6 and 7 shew a modification in plan and elevation applicable to the
furnaces of tubular boilers either of marine or locomotive engines, the coils of
the perforated tubes being disposed one above another, as shewn at Fig. 7, and
secured to the sides of the fire box by hollow hooks, through which the water
of the boiler circulates, to prevent them being destroyed by the action of the
fire. The steam is conveyed to the spiral tube from the dome of the boiler or
any other convenient part, and enters the fire box at a.
W is the water space
between the plates A, B, and C, D, of the fire box; the superheated steam
escapes from the apertures r, r, as before described, in reference to Fig. 3
and 4.
Having described the nature of our Invention, and the manner of carrying
the same into practical effect, we wish it to be understood that we do not
confine ourselves to the precise arrangement of the details herein-before

page_text: described and shewn, as the same may be varied without departing from the
Invention; but what we claim and desire to secure under the herein-before in:
art recited Letters Patent is; consuming smoke by means of the apparatus:
substantially as herein-before described' and shewn.
In witness whereof, we, the said Jean Baptiste Pierre Alfred Thierry,
junior, Jean Louis Richard, and Baron Henry de Martiny, have here-
unto set our hands and seals, this Sixteenth day of July, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
JN BTE PRE AD THIERRY, FILS. (L.S.)
J. L. RICHARD.
H. DE MARTINY.
igned and sealed in presence of
L. D'AUBRÉVILLE,
Civil Engineer.