IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING ON CERTAIN AND OTHER TERRY AND VELVET PILE CARPETS. FELTED CLOTHS, AND OTHER FABRICS AND MATERIALS, AND IN THE PROCESSES AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Burch, of Crag Works, near Macclesfield,
in the County of Chester, Engineer and Manufacturer, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING ON CERTAIN AND OTHER TERRY AND VELVET
PILE CARPETS. FELTED CLOTHS, AND OTHER FABRICS AND MATERIALS, AND IN
THE PROCESSES AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH.”
Sealed the 4th March 1864, and dated the 8th September 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Burch at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th September 1863.
I, JOSEPH BURCH, of Crag Works, near Macclesfield, in the County of
Chester, Engineer and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING ON CERTAIN AND OTHER TERRY
AND VELVET PILE CARPETS, FELTED CLOTHS. AND OTHER FABRICS AND MATERIALS,
THE PROCESSES AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as
follows:-
The first part of my Invention consists in mordanting the worsted yarn
or worsted fibre intended to form the face of woven or felted carpets in the
hank, warp, or unspun state previous to its manufacture-into carpet fabrics
whenever such fabrics arc afterwards subjected to some or all the other
processes which form the other parts of my Invention.
The second part of my Invention consists in an improved mode of damping
velvet pile and terry carpets and other fabrics previous to printing them by
[Price Sd 1.

page_text: rolling a wetted piece of cotton fabric or other material along with such
carpets or fabrics upon a beam or roller so that the wetted material is laid
between each lap of the carpet.
The third part of my Invention consists in the mode of and apparatus for
padding the face of velvet pile and terry carpet and other fabrics with a thin
liquid solution of starch, gum, flour, or other thickening vegetable, animal,
or earthy matter, by pressing the face of such and other fabrics by means of
weight rollers upon the surface of a revolving drum or endless cloth on
which the liquid solution is evenly spread previous to printing them, in
order to prevent the color or colors of the design while wet upon the wet
fabric from spreading or running into and mixing with each other, or 'starting
out of form upon the face of such and other fabrics during the after process
of steaming or fixing such colors while wet or undried.
The fourth part of my Invention consists, after such fabrics are printed,
and before such fabrics are steamed, in sometimes partially or wholly drying
the backs of such and other fabrics which have been subjected to some or all
the
processes described in the previous parts of my Invention, by passing them
over the heated surface of a steam cylinder or other drying apparatus for the
purpose, when such fabrics have been printed while in a damp or wet state
with heavy designs, of preventing the wet color or colors during the steam-
ing process from draining or starting through, and thereby checking the
impoverishing effect on the colors upon the face of such fabrics which follows
whenever too much of the coloring matter sinks into and saturates the back
in such quantity as to shew the design thereon.
The fifth part of my Invention consists in the improved apparatus for,
and in the mode of subjecting such and other fabrics, soon after they have
been printed, to the ordinary steaming or fixing process before the coloring
matter printed thereon and forming the design on the face of such fabrics
has been allowed or has had time to harden and dry, such and other fabrics
having previously been subjected to some or all the other processes which
form the three first parts of my Invention.
My improved steaming apparatus is a lofty narrow chamber internally fitted
with a number of vertical partitions which extend from the bottom to within
a short distance of the top; above the partitions is a series of rollers which
are made to revolve at a uniform speed. The fabric enters at the lower part
of one end of the chamber, passing up the first compartment and over the
first roller, which is placed over the top of the first partition, so that the fabric
fallsina fold to within a short distance of the bottom of the second compartment.
Two, three, or more folds, by means of the series of rollers, are made to fall into

page_text: cach of the centre compartments, the fabric thus continuing its course until it
has passed over the last roller and down the last compartment, leaving the
chamber through a narrow opening in the end near the bottom. The steam
is let into the chamber at the bottom of each of the centre compartments, and
finds its way out at or near the openings where the fabric enters and leaves
the chamber, or through an opening made for that purpose.
I also some-
times use, in connection with the other parts of this Invention, the ordinary
hanging frame and steam box now in general use for fixing topical colors.
The sixth part of my Invention consists in an improved mode and apparatus
for washing or cleansing such and other fabrics while the colors which have
been printed thereon are still wet, and soon after such fabrics have passed
through the steaming process, they having previously to their being printed
passed through some or all the other processes which form the three first
parts of my Invention.
The ordinary washing apparatus formerly invented by me, consists of a drum
roller, and a pressure roller placed above a water cistern, the pressure roller
resting upon the drun roller, which revolves in suitable bearings. The fabric
is made endless by fastening its ends together, which is done after one end
has been passed between the rollers, which by constantly revolving squeeze
and cleanse the fabric as it is drawn up by them out of the water, and after
passing between the rollers it falls again into the cistern; this circulation is
continued until the fabric is thoroughly cleaned, a constant supply of pure
water being made to fall upon the fabric while the process is going on.
In addition to the above described apparatus, which I now sometimes use
in connection with the other parts of this Invention, I also use my improved
washing or cleansing apparatus, which consists of a shallow trough of con-
siderable length, along which, sometimes, upon a thick endless foundation
cloth, and at other times alone, the printed fabric is drawn between a
number of pairs of small rollers, and under other small rollers and revolving
brushes, which at suitable distances are placed therein, a constant stream of
pure water is kept running through the trough, and additional falls of water
play upon the face of the printed fabric as it passes along the trough, which is
placed on a suitable incline to carry off the water at the lower end after the
fabric has passed between the rollers and beneath the rollers and brushes in
its passage through the washing trough, and has thereby been cleansed from
all the residue of the thick coloring matter, and from the thin solution of
starchy matter padded thereon, according to the third part of this Invention,
and after it has had time to drain, it is received between a pair of squeezing
rollers; passing round each of these squeezing rollers is an endless cloth made

page_text: of cotton or other absorbing material, between which the carpet fabric passes.
The pressure of the top squeezing roller on its endless cloth upon the face of
the fabric absorbs the water therefrom, while the endless cloth round the
under squeezing roller absorbs the water from the back of the fabric, which is
afterwards hung up and dried gradually, or immediately passed over a drying
apparatus. The water received from the fabric by the endless absorbing
cloths is squeezed out by rollers fitted to the apparatus for that purpose.
When the length required by the washing trough is inconvenient, I use a deep
cistern, at the bottom of which is a series of rollers; there is also a cor-
responding series of rollers at the top. The fabric to be cleansed is passed
into the water over the first roller of the top series, and under the first roller
of the bottom series, and then alternately over the top rollers and under the
bottom rollers, until it finally passes off the last top roller to the squeezing and
drying processes. Placed upon some of the top rollers are pressure rollers,
which squeeze the fabric as it passes between them; and upon the fabric, as
it passes over the other rollers, falls of clean water are made to play with con-
siderable force. The pieces of carpet fabric are fastened together end to end,
and thus follow each other through the washing process, the object being to
cleanse it thoroughly by once passing it through the apparatus; the squeezing
rollers with their endless cloths receive the fabric in the same manner as
when the long shallow trough is used.
The seventh part of my Invention consists in dressing or finishing the backs
of such and other fabrics with an ordinary or particular solution of stiffening
matter after such fabrics have passed through some or all the other parts of
my Invention, and after such fabrics have been partially or wholly dried.
The eighth part of my Invention consists in making the fourth part of my
Invention when necessary, and the fifth and sixth parts, and sometimes the
seventh part of my Invention, a continuous operation to be finished by the
operation of finally drying such and other fabrics. The continuous operation
is effected in the following manner :-After the fabric has passed through the
printing machine, it is made to pass over a table, where during its course
thereon it is examined, and all defects in the printing, whenever they occur,
are then pencilled up; from thence it is drawn up by a roller which delivers
it on to a receiving frame in such a manner that no part of its wet face
touches any other part; the frame with the wet printed fabric thereon is then
taken to the steaming apparatus described in the fifth part of my Invention.
When necessary its back is partially or wholly dried by heating the drum or
cylinder which draws it off the receiving frame on its passage to the steaming
chamber, which it immediately enters. As it leaves the steaming chamber it

page_text: is received on a series of rollers falling between the several rollers in a long
fold, where it has time to cool; the fabric then passes into the washing
trough, described in the sixth part of my Invention, from whence it is
delivered to the squeezing process, and thence to be afterwards dried. The
receiving frame on which the fabric has been removed from the printing
machine, the drawing-off cylinder, the steam chamber, the series of cooling
rollers, the washing apparatus, the squeezing rollers with their absorbant
endless cloths, and the final drying apparatus, are all placed in a direct line,
in order that the pieces of printed fabric which are sewn together end to end
shall pass and follow each other through the different apparatus in a con-
tinuous course, the speed of the whole being regulated by the time required
to fix the colors while the fabric is passing through the steaming chamber.
And the ninth part of my Invention consists in printing in connection with
some or all the processes which form the different parts of my Invention, and
by other known processes on velvet pile and terry-faced fabrics, when upon
the face of such fabrics the pile or terry is raised by wires across the piece,
such wires being made of brass, tin, or other metals, the oxides from which do
not injure or sadden coloring matters, instead of the steel or iron wires now
in general use, and particularly in printing on cloth woven with either single
or double binder warp, and with three picks or shoots of weft to every terry
or wire withdrawn, the three sheds through which the shuttle is thrown being
formed in the following manner, namely, the first shed is made by raising the
worsted and binder warps, and depressing the stuffer warp; the second shed
is made by raising the binder warp and depressing the worsted and stuffer
warps; the third is a double shed made by raising the worsted warp to the
top, and depressing the binder warp to the bottom; these two form a wide
shed, which is divided by the stuffer warp. The wire is then inserted in the
upper division between the worsted and stuffer warps, while the shuttlo is
thrown through the lower division between the stuffer and binder warps;
when a double binder warp is used, each is raised and depressed, alternately
binding the weft above and below as the succeeding terrys are formed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Burch in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
Sth March 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
BURCH, of Crag Works, near Macclesfield, in the County of Chester,
Engineer and Manufacturer, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Joseph Burchi, Her special license that I, the said Joseph
Burch, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Joseph Burch, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PRINTING ON CERTAIN AND OTHER TERRY AND VELVET PILE CARPETS, FELTED
CLOTHS, AND OTHER FABRICS AND MATERIALS, AND IN THE PROCESSES AND APPARATUS
CONNECTED THEREWITH," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Joseph Burch, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Burch, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained inand by the following statement,
thereof, reference being had to the Figures on the accompanying three Sheets
of Drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon (:hat is to say):-
The first part of my Invention consists in mordanting the worsted yarn or
worsted fibre intended to form the face of woven or felted carpets in the hank,
warp,or unspun state, previous to its manufacture into carpet fabrics whenever
such fabrics are afterwards subjected to some or all the other processes which
form the other parts of my Invention. I take worsted yarn in the hank or
warp, or the wool fibre in the unspun state, and before it is manufactured
subject it to the usual mordanting processes in use for fixing topical colours,
and in particular after the worsted or wool fibre has been scoured and stored
in the usual way to the following process:-I first submerge it in a bath of a
solution of muriate of tin crystals at from 40 to 6' degrees Twaddell, where it
remains for about two hours, it is then taken out and put through a weak
sour bath made of sulphuric acid and water reduced froin 1° to 1° degreo
Twaddell, and immediately afterwards through a weak chemic bath also at
from to 1 degree Twaddell, it is then well washed and dried for the purpose

page_text: afterwards of being manufactured into plain cloth either by weavingor felting.
It is proper here to state that I have previous to the date of this Patent in
the way of experiment, but not in the ordinary course of business,printed on
carpet fabrics, the worsted portion of which I mordanted previous to its being
woven or felted into cloth, but I did not mordant such worstedintheparticular
manner herein-before described, neither did I after it was manufactured into
cloth subject such cloth before printing to the particular processes which
form the second and third parts of this Invention, nor after the printingwhile.
the colors were wet or undried to the steaming or fixing process wherein
consists the novelty and value of this part of my Invention.
The second part of my Invention consists in an improved mode of damping
velvet pile and terry carpets and other fabrics previous to printing thein by
rolling a wetted piece of cotton fabric or other material along with such
carpets or fabrics upon a beam or roller, so that the wetted material is laid
between each lap of the carpet. After remaining in this state for a few hours,
during which time the moisture from the wet damping cloth is absorbed by
the carpet cloth, it is in a better state for passing through the starching
process, described in the third part of this Invention, and for printing, than
when the worsted fibre is in a dry state, and it also prevents the unbleached
linen back of the carpet, while damp, from coming in contact with the worsted
face of the carpet which is apt to stain and damage the whiteness of the wool.
This part of my Invention is exhibited in Sheet 1, Fig. 1 of the accom-
panying Drawings. A is the carpet cloth; a¹ the wet damping cloth, and a²
the roller beam upon which the two fabrics are being wound.
The third part of my Invention consists in the mode of and apparatus for
padding the face of velvet pile and terry carpet and other fabrics with a thin
liquid solution of starch,gum, flour, or other thickening vegetable, animal, or
earthy matter, by pressing the face of such and other fabrics by means of.
weight rollers upon the surface of a revolving drum or endless cloth, on which
the liquid solution is evenly spread previous to printing them, in order to
prevent the color or colors of the design, while wet upon the fabric, from
spreading or running into and mixing with each other or starting out of form
upon the face of such and other fabrics during the after process of steaming
or fixing such colors while wet or undried. In order to ensure complete
saturation of the worsted by the coloring matter not only on the surface of
the cloth, but down the pile or terry, and underneath the weftwhich bindsthe
worsted to the cloth something more than mere pressure is required.
Formerly to effect this in a perfect manner I was in the practice of printing
carpet fabrics in a wet or damp state, but I always found it necessary to dry

page_text: the colors printed on such wet or damp fabrics, before I subjected them to the
steaming process. I have steamed colors wet which had been printed on the
dry fabric, but the printing was always imperfect.
By the use of this part of my Invention I am now enabled to print upon the
wet or damp fabric, and while the fabric is damp, and the colors wet thereon, I
can now put the fabric into the steam box where during its stay (which is
about forty minutes) although the colors are actually boiled into the fibres
they do not start out of form or mix with each other on the face of the fabric
in consequence of the use of the solution of starch which I had previously
applied thereto. This part of my Invention is applied with advantage to
other woven fabrics. There are various ways of applying the starch or
thickening matter to the faces of fabrics, it may be done in the ordinary
printing machine by the first roller and followed immediately by the printing
rollers. A mode of applying the starchy matter to the face of carpet fabrics
is shown in Sheet 1, Fig. 2. B is a table roller, and b¹ a stretching roller; 62
is an endless starching cloth which passes round over the table roller and
under the stretching roller; 63 is a doctor for the purpose of regulating the
required quantity of starch or thickening matter on the outer surface of the
endless starching cloth; A is the carpet fabric on the beam a², the damping
cloth a' falls on the ground as the unwinding goes on, while the carpet passes
face downwards to the starching cloth upon the table roller, upon which it is
pressed down by the weight or pressure roller 6+, from whence it is carried by
means of the driving band and pulley 5, over the top roller 6, when it is
while wet in a fit state for printing; 67 is a trough for holding the starchy
matter, and and 68 the roller for supplying the matter to the starching cloth.
Some fabrics thus prepared for printing wet and steaming wet require
stronger thickening matter than others, as littleas six or eightouncesof starch
or other thickening matter to a gallon of water well boiled will do for some
fabrics such as carpets, felts, and others, while flannels and lightermaterials
will require from twelve to sixteen ounces to a gallon of water. With regard
to the mode by which carpets and such like fabrics are printed that forms
no part of this Invention, and I therefore refer to the Specificationsofformer
Patents that have been granted to me for that purpose.
The fourth part of my Invention consists, after such fabrics areprinted,and
before such fabrics are steamed, in sometimes partially or wholly drying the
backs of such and other fabrics which have been subjected to some or all the
processes described in the previous parts of iny Invention, by passing them
over the heated surface of a steam cylinder or other drying apparatus for the
purpose when such fabrics have been printed, while in a damp or wet state,

page_text: with heavy designs, of preventing the wet color or colors, during the steam-
ing process, from draining or starting through and thereby checking the
impoverishing effect on the colors upon the face of such fabrics which
follows whenever too much of the coloring matter sinks into and saturates
the back in such quantity as to shew the design thereon. A mode of
applying this part of my Invention is shewn in section on Sheet 1, Fig. 3,
and by a steam drum in Fig. 11, Sheet 2. C is a stack of seven steam
chests placed one above the other; c', is the top carpet roller, of the
drawing-off roller, c³ a drum roller. The carpet fabric A having been brought
from the printing machine on the carrying frame D is drawn therefrom by the
drawing-off roller, over which it falls in à fold towards the bottom steam chest,
it then passes up with its back to the steam chests over the top carpet
roller and falls again in a fold on the other side, it then passes over the drum
roller and thence to the steaming apparatus. When this drying process is not
required the fabric A passes direct from the carrying frame Dunderneath the
steam chests to my improved steaming apparatus or received again on
another carrying frame to be steamed by the ordinary method.
The fifth part of my Invention consists in the improved apparatus for, and
in the mode of subjecting such and other fabrics, soon after they have been
printed, to the ordinary steaming or fixing process before the coloring matter
printed thereon, and forming the design on the face of such fabrics, has been
allowed or has had time to harden and dry, such and other fabrics having
previously been subjected to some or all the other processes which form the
three first parts of my Invention. My improved steaming apparatus is a lofty
narrow chamber internally fitted with a number of vertical partitions which
extend from the bottom to within a short distance of the top. Above the
partitions is a series of rollers which are made to revolve at a uniform speed.
The fabric enters at the lower part of one end of the chamber, passing up the
first compartment and over the first roller, which is placed over the top of the
first partition, so that the fabric falls in a fold to within a short distance of
the bottom of the second compartment. Two, three, or more folds, by means
of the series of rollers, are made to fall into each of the centre compartments,
the fabric thus continuing its course until it has passed over the last roller and
down the last compartment, leaving the chamber through a narrow opening
in the end near the bottom. The steam is let into the chamber at the bottom
of each of the centre compartments and finds its way out at or near the
openings where the fabric enters and leaves the chamber, or through an
opening made for that purpose. I also sometimes use in connection with the
other parts of this Invention the ordinary hanging frame and steam box now

page_text: in general use for fixing topical colours. The ordinary steaming apparatus in
use by me is a strong narrow chamber fitted with a door which should, when
closed, bo tolerably steam-tight. The fabric being hung upon cross rails in a
frame similar to the carrying frame 1), Sheet 1, Fig. 4, which runs upon
wheels, is moved into the steam chamber, the door of which is then closed
and the steam turned on. Sufficient vent is made about the top of the
chamber to carry off the spent steam and gases with which it soon becomes
highly charged. The fabric remains in the steam chamber about forty
minutes, when it is removed and either hung up to dry or taken to the washing
apparatus herein-after described in the sixth part of my Invention. Instead
of fastening the fabric up in the steam chamber in the above manner I, as
before described, run piece after piece of carpet fabric, fastened end to end,
through my improved steaming apparatus, which is shewn in section in
Sheet 1 by Fig. 5. E is the steam chamber, 6' the vertical partitions, e the
series of top rollers, which are all of the same diameter and driven at a
uniform speed by means of worm wheels on the end of each and worms on the
same shaft. A is the printed fabric, which enters the steam chamber at the
entrance opening e3, and having passed over the series of top rollers, and in
its course fallen in folds between each roller into the separate compartments
formed by the vertical partitions e', it passes down the last compartment and
leaves the chamber by the exit opening e¹. At the bottom of each compart-
ment is a steam pipe es, and also fitted into each compartment, about twelve
inches above the steam pipes, is a perforated plate c, which plates are for the
purpose of distributing and breaking the force of the steam; e and es are the
steam chimney escapes for the steam to escape after it has passed through the
chamber, as indicated by the arrows; c, 9, are two steam guards, one is placed
above the entrance opening and the other above the exit opening; these
guards perform an important office, for, being heated with steam, they prevent
any condensation about the entrance and exit openings, and consequently
prevent any drops of water from falling upon the fabric, while those drops
which fall from the mouths of the steam chimneys are caught in the
troughs 10 and run off at the side of the apparatus. If it is not intended tha
the fabric A be washed immediately after leaving the steaming apparatus unless
it be agaiu received on a carrying frame, it is necessary that it be dried eithe
by passing it over a steam drum or steam chests, as shewn on Sheet 1 by
Fig. 6, after which it may with safety be allowed to fall in laps, as shewn in the
Drawings. Fig. 7, Sheet 1, is a face view of the bottom of the steam chambe
shewing the entrance opening c, the steam guard c³, and a perforated plate c
Fig. 8 is a transverse section of the top of the steam chamber.

page_text: The sixth part of my Invention consists in an improved mode and apparatus
for washing and cleansing such and other fabrics while the colors which have
been printed thereon are still wet, and soon after such fabrics have passed
through the steaming process, they having previously to their being printed
passed through some or all the other processes which form the three first
parts of
my Invention.
The ordinary washing apparatus formerly invented by me consisted of a
drum roller and a pressure roller placed above a water cistern, the pressure
roller resting upon the drum roller which revolves in suitable bearings. The
fabric is made endless by fastening its ends together, which is done after one
end has been passed between the rollers, which by constantly revolving squeeze
and cleanse the fabric as it is drawn up by them out of the water, and after
passing between the rollers it falls again into the cistern, this circulation is
continued until the fabric is thoroughly cleaned, a constant supply of pure
water being made to fall upon the fabric while the process is going on.
In addition to the above described apparatus, which I now sometimes use
in connection with the other parts of this Invention, I also use my improved
washing or cleansingapparatus which consistsofashallowtroughofconsiderable
length, along which sometimes upon a thick endless foundation cloth, and at
other times alone, the printed fabric is drawn between a number of pairs of small
roliers and under other small rollers and revolving brushes, which at suitable
distances are placed therein, a constant stream of pure water is kept running
through the trough, and additional falls of water play upon the face of the
printed fabric as it passes along the trough which is placed on a suitable
incline to carry off the water at the lower end; after the fabric has passed
between the rollers,and beneath the rollers and brushes, in its passage through
the washing trough, and has thereby been cleansed from all the residue of
the thick coloring matter,and from the thin solution of starchy matter padded
thereon, according to the third part of this Invention, and after it has had
time to drain it is received between a pair of squeezing rollers; passing round
cach of these squeezing rollers is an endless cloth, made of cotton or other
absorbing material, between which the carpet fabric passes, the pressure of
the top squeezing roller on its endless cloth upon the face of the fabric absorbs
the water therefrom, while the endless cloth round the under squeezing roller
absorbs the water from the back of the fabric, which is afterwards hung up
and dried gradually,or immediately passed over a drying apparatus, the water
received from the fabric by the endless absorbing cloths is squeezed out by
rollers fitted to the apparatus for that purpose.
This part of my Invention is shewn on Sheet 2. Fig. 7. F is the long

page_text: shallow trough; f", the bottom guide roller; f, the entering roller; f³, a
series of weight pressure rollers; f4, a series of weights and levers; f³, a series
of carrying rollers; f, a series of worm wheels; f, a fall of pure water;
f8, the waste water flow; f, a pair of light squeezing rollers, and f10, a worm
wheel; G is a pair of heavy squeezing rollers; g', a worm wheel; g, the
face absorbing cloth; g³,the face cloth squeezing rollers; 94,a worin wheel; g³,
the back absorbing cloth; 9%, the back cloth squeezing rollers, and g7, the
worm wheel. The whole of the washing and squeezing apparatus is driven
at a uniform speed by means of the diagonal shaft H and the worms/', which
drive the worm wheels upon the spindles of the series of carrying rollers, the
worm which drives the worm wheel upon the spindle of one of the light
squeezing rollers, the worm 3 which drives the worm wheel upon the spindle
of one of the heavy squeezing rollers, and the worm 4, which drives the
worm wheel upon the spindle of one of the face absorbing cloth squeezing
rollers; the diameters of all the worm wheels being so considered, in relation
to the diameters of all the rollers, that all shall move simultaneously, and the
surfaces of all the rollers move at one uniform speed. The fabric A enters at
the lower end of the trough under the entering roller, it then passes up the
trough between cach pair of the series of weight and carrying rollers under
the constant stream of water which falls upon it at the top of the trough, it
then passes between the light squeezing rollers and afterwards through the
heavy squeezing rollers between the face and back absorbing cloths, after
which, if not intended to be dried by heat, it falls in laps, ready to be removed
to the drying room. It is not necessary that the face and back absorbing
cloths be made endless. I sometimes use them in very long lengths rolled
on beams which are placed in position to be drawn off as they pass along
above and below the carpet fabric, between the heavy squeezing rollers, after
which they are taken to be dried. This improved mode of absorbing the
loose water from the carpet fabric I find a great improvement upon the old
mode of winding it round a hydro-extractor, which, while throwing off the
loose water, also has the effect of disturbing the size or stiffening matter
with which the linen is dressed previous to weaving, and which having begun
to dissolve by the washing process is thrown off and lodged upon the wool,
which not only thereby loses some of its whiteness, but when dried feels
objectionably harsh and stiff. When tho length required by the washing
trough is inconvenient I use a deep cistern, at the bottom of which is a series
of rollers, there is also a corresponding scries of rollers at the top. The fabric
to be cleansed is passed into the water over the first roller of the top series,
and under the first roller of the bottom series, and then alternately over the

page_text: top rollers and under the bottom rollers until it finally passes off the last top
roller to the squeezing and drying processes. Plazed upon some of the top
rollers are pressure rollers which squeeze the fabric as it passes between them,
and upon the fabric as it passes over the other rollers falls of clean water are
made to play with considerable force. The pieces of carpet fabric are fastened
together end to end, and thus follow each other through the washing process,
the object being to cleanse it thoroughly by once passing it through the
apparatus. The squeezing rollers with their endless cloths receive the fabric
in the same manner as when the long shallow trough is used. This part of
my Invention is exhibited on Sheet 2, by Fig. 10. J is the deep washing
cistern; 1,the bottom series of rollers; 3,the top series of rollers; j³,pressure
or squeezing rollers; j* jets of water, and A the carpet fabric.
The seventh part of my Invention consists in dressing or finishing the backs
of such and other fabrics with an ordinary or particular solution of stiffening
matter after such fabrics have passed through some or all the other parts of
my Invention,and after such fabrics have been partially or wholly dried. The
apparatus which I use for this purpose is a machine in all respects similar to
the machine already described with regard to the third part of this Invention,
which is exhibited in Sheet 1 by Fig. 2,excepting that instead of the face of the
carpet fabric being pressed upon the endlessclothb³, bythepressureroller/4, the
back of the carpet is pressed upon the endless cloth and receives the stiffening
matter therefrom. Paste made from the residue of starch, ground rice,flour,
or other substances mixed with resin or other soap insmallquantities, to which
a little china clay or fuller's earth is added, is found to be an effective dressing
compound, its strength entirely depends upon the quality of carpet to be
stiffened. Twelve ounces of gluten, one ounce of yellow soap, and two ounces
of fuller's earth or Chiua clay to a gallon of water makes a good dressing for
ordinary fabrics.
The eighth part of my Invention consists in making the fourth part of my
Invention when necessary, and the fifth and sixth parts, and sometimes the
seventh part of my Invention a continuous operation, to be finished by the
operation of finally drying such and other fabrics. The continuous operation
is effected in the following manner :-After the fabric has passed through the
printing machine, it is made to pass over a table, where, during its course
thereou it is examined, and all defects in the printing, whenever they occur,
are then pencilled up; from thence it is drawn up by a roller, which delivers
it on to a receiving or carrying frame in such a manner that no part of its wet
face touches any other part; the frame with the wet printed fabric thereon is
then taken to the steaming apparatus,described in the fifth part of my Invention.

page_text: When necessary its back is partially or wholly dried by.heating the drum or
cylinder, which draws it off the receiving frame on its passage to the steaming
chamber, which it immediately enters; as it leaves the steaming chamber it
is received on a series of rollers falling between the several rollers in a long
fold, where it has time to cool. The fabric then passes into the washing
trough,described in the sixth part of my Invention, from whence itisdelivered
to the squeezing process, and thence to be afterwards dried. The receiving
frame on which the fabric has been removed from the printing machine, the
drawing off cylinder, the steam chamber, the series of cooling rollers, the
washing apparatus, the squeezing rollers with their absorbant endless cloths,
and the final drying apparatus, are all placed in a direct line, in order that the
pieces of printed fabric, which are sewn together end to end, shall pass and
follow each other through the different apparatus in a continuous course, the
speed of the whole being regulated by the time required to fix the colors
while the fabric is passing through the steaming chamber. This part of my
Invention is exhibited by Fig. 11, on Sheet 2. It is a series of some of the
different parts of this Invention combined toperform, by acontinuousoperation,
the processes subsequent to printing. The course of the fabric A, which is
represented on the Drawing by a red line dotted, is indicated by the arrows.
The fabric A is seen to pass from the carrying frame to the steam drum, or it
will be made to pass underneath it when the back does not require drying,it
then enters the steaming chamber, where, after passing through its different
compartments, it is received in folds upon the cooling frame. It next enters
the washing trough, and having passed through the cleansing operation, it
follows on the squeezing rollers and absorbing cloths; it may here fall in
laps for removal to the drying room, or continue on to the large steam drying
drum, which at once finishes the drying process, after which the fabric is
wound on the finished cloth beaming roller.
And the ninth part of my Invention consists in printing, in connection with
some or all the processes which form the different parts of my Invention,andby
other known processes on velvet pile and terry-faced fabrics, when upon the
face of such fabrics the pile or terry is raised by wires across the piece, such
wires being made of brass, tin, or other metals, the oxides from which do not
injure or sadden coloring matters, instead of the steel or iron wires now in
general use, and particularly in printing on cloth woven with either single or
double binder warp, and with three picks or shoots of weft to every terry or
wire withdrawn. The three sheds through which the shuttle is thrown being
formed in the following manner, namely,--the first shed is made by raising
the worsted and binder warps and depressing the stuffer warp; the second

page_text: shed is made by raising the binder warpand depressing the worsted and stunter
warps; the third is a double shed made by rai-ing the worsted warp to the
top and depressing the binder warp to the bottom; these two form a wide
shed, which is divided by the stuffer warp, the wire is then inserted in the
upper division between the worsted and stuffer warps, while the shuttle is
thrown through the lower division between the stuffer and binder warps.
When a double binder warp is used, each is raised and depressed alternately,
binding the weft above and below as the succceding terrys are formed. This
part of my Invention is exhibited in Sheet 3; the single binder cloths by
Figs. 12, 13, and 14, and the double binder cloth by Figs. 15, 16, and 17.
The red double line represents the worsted warp; the thin black line the
binder warps, and the thick black line the stuffer warp; the large blue dot
shews the wire and the small black dots the weft.
I wish it to be understood, that although I manufacture carpet cloth bound
together in the manner represented by the Figures on Sheet 3, I do not lay
claim to its manufacture as part of this Invention, only to the printing of such
cloth after it is manufactured. I wish it also to be understood that I only
claim the use of brass and other metal wires, excepting iron or steel, in the
manufacture of ordinary terry or velvet pile cloth when such cloth is intended
afterwards to be printed. And what I further claim is,-
First, the mode of mordanting the worsted or wool intended to form the
face of carpet fabrics before it is manufactured or felted in cloth, provided
such fabrics be afterwards printed in a wet or damp state, and the colors fixed
thereon by the steaming process while such fabrics are still wet, and before
the colors printed thereon are dried.
Secondly, I claim the mode of damping fabrics previous to printing, by
means of a wet cloth, herein described as the second part of my Invention.
Thirdly, I claim the apparatus, and the mode of padding the face of carpet
and other fabrics with a solution of starch, paste, or such like matter previous
to printing such fabrics in a damp or wet state, whenever such fabrics are
afterwards subjected to the steaming process, while they and the colors printed
thereon are still wet and undried.
Fourthly, I claim the mode of partially or wholly drying the backs of such
carpet fabrics as have been printed in the damp state, and which are to be
steamed before the face of such fabrics and the colors thereon are dry.
Fifthly, I claim the apparatus and the mode of steaming printed coloring
matter upon the faces of carpets and other fabrics, for the purpose and in the
manner described as the fifth part of this Invention.
Sixthly, I claim the apparatus and mode of washing carpets and such like

page_text: fabrics in the manner herein described, with.reference to Figs. 9 and 10, cn
Sheet 2, and of partially drying such fabrics by pressure between absorbing
cloths, as described in the sixth part of this Invention.
Seventhly, I claim the apparatus and the mode of finishing the backs of
such carpets and other printed fabrics which have been printed while in a wet
state, and steamed while the colors are undried.
Eighthly, I claim the mode of so arranging the apparatus herein described,
as the fourth, fifth, and sixth parts of this Invention, and sometimes the
seventh part thereof, that the processes and operations described with refer-
ence to those parts of my Invention, shewn at Fig. 11, Sheet 2, are thereby
made a continuous operation.
Ninthly, 1 claim the mode of printing on velvet pile and terry-faced fabrics,
when the terry and velvet pile forming the face of such fabrics has been raised
across the fabric by the use of wires made of brass, tin, or other metals,
excepting iron and steel, and I claim the mode of manufacturing plain carpet
fabrics that are intended for printing, and of printing such fabrics whenever
they are made with three picks of weft to every terry, and bound either with
single or double binder warps, in the manner described and shewn in Sheet 3.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Burch, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventh day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named Joseph Burch, in
the presence of
G. SEFTIMUS HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.
JOSEPH BURCH. (L.S.)