AN IMPROVEMENT ON THE METHOD OF MAKING BARR IRON FROM PIGGS, SCULL, OR CINDER IRON, WITH RAW COALS OR COAKS, WITHOUT THE USE OF CHARCOAL, BY WHICH A GREAT SAVING WOULD BE MADE IN COALS, COAKS, OR OTHER THE APPARATUS AND NECESSARIES MADE USE OF IN CONVERTING THE SAID METAL INTO BARRS OR OTHER USES,
Year: 1783

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
JESSON; of Westbromwich, in the County of Stafford, Iron Master, sond
greeting.
WHEREAS I, the said Richard Jesson, did, by my Petition to His present
Majesty, humbly shew that I had invented and brought to perfection "AN
IMPROVEMENT ON THE METHOD OF MAKING BARR IRON FROM PIGGS, SCULL, OR CINDER
IRON, WITH RAW COALS OR COAKS, WITHOUT THE USE OF CHARCOAL, BY WHICH A
GREAT SAVING WOULD BE MADE IN COALS, COAKS, OR OTHER THE APPARATUS AND
NECESSARIES MADE USE OF IN CONVERTING THE SAID METAL INTO BARRS OR OTHER
USES," and therefore, as well as for other reasons contained in the said
Petition, did pray His said Majesty to grant unto me, the said Richard Jesson,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, His Royal Letters Patent for the
sole use and benefit of the said Invention, within that part of Great Britain
called England, His Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,
for the term of fourteen years, to the prayer of which Petition His said
Majesty was most graciously pleased to condescend, and Letters Patent,
agreeable thereto, have accordingly passed the Great Seal.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Jesson, in compliance with and
in performance of a proviso or condition contained in the said Letters Patent,
do hereby describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention in manner
following, that is to say :-
First, I heat any kind of piggs or cast iron, or scull or cinder iron, to a
sufficient degree in a finery, with a fire of raw pit coal, fossil coal, or coaks,
and with blast of bellows, and without any mixture of fluxes or infusions
whatsoever.

page_text: Secondly, the metal being thus heated and prepared, I take the same out of
the finery in lumps or masses while hot, and put it under a large flat stamper
or hammer, and beat it into plates or other solid forms. When the metal is in
the state which the stamper or hammer leaves it, whether in plates or other
forms, I call it not pig or sow metal, because an air furnace or affinery will
not reduce it to a fluid, nor do I call it perfect wrought iron, because it is not
cleansed from all its impurities, so as to bring it to that degree of perfection
which wrought iron must be in before it is proper for different manufactories.
Thirdly, if the stamper or hammer reduces the metal into flat plates, I pile
such plates one upon another, without pots or covering, in a small air furnace,
heated with raw pit coal; but should the stamper or hammer beat the metal
into masses of other forms, and of a sufficient size, I put such masses naked,
or without covering, into the said small furnace, which furnace I have built
on purpose for this kind of work, nor has there ever been an air furnace of
such a size used for the purpose of making malleable iron from metal prepared
as last, before. mentioned, either with or without pots or covering, to my know-
ledge or belief. When the metal is sufficiently heated, I take it out of the
furnace and put it under a forge hammer, and at one or more operations
beat the same into barrs, either making use of a chaffery or not, which barrs
will be exceeding good malleable iron.
Fourthly, in working the inetal as before described under the stamper or
hammer, a part of it will be broke into small pieces, which small peices if
thoroughly converted without small particles of coaks or coal remaining in
them, will work in a pot or cover, or on a plate without a cover, in my small
furnace above described, or in a common air furnace; but if they should be
red short or cold short, a proper quantity of old iron scraps, or nut iron worked
with them, either in pots or covers, or without; will render them capable of
being made good malleable.iron.
And I, the said Richard Jesson, do hereby aver and declare, that the above
is a true, full, and perfect description of. my said Invention, which I am fully
persuaded will be of great benefit to the public..
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Jesson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand seven hundred and eighty-four.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Sixth day of March, in the
year above written, the aforesaid Richard Jesson came before our said Lord
the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid,
and all and every thing herein contained and specified, in the form above
5 written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute in that case made and provided.
Inrolled the Tenth day of March, in the year above written.