AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR EVAPORATING SYRUPS AND SACCHARINE JUICES
Year: 1831

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ANDREW
URE, of Finsbury Square, in the Parish of Saint Luke's, in the County of
Middlesex, Doctor in Medicine, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Twenty-second day of September; in the second year of
His reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Andrew Ure, His special licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said Andrew Ure, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Andrew Ure, my executors, administrators.
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times during the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in all His said Majesty's Colonies and Plan-
tations abroad, my Invention of "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR EVAPORATING
SYRUPS AND SACCHARINE JUICES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a
proviso that I, the said Andrew Ure, shall cause a particular description of
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part

page_text: recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto
had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Andrew Ure, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for evapo-
rating syrups and saccharine juices to be an apparatus consisting of a double!
pan, with an intermediate space for containing a solution of chloride of
calcium or acetate of soda, the fire being applied to the bottom or other
exterior surface of the outer pan, while the syrup is contained in the interior
pan. The saline solution between the two pans is maintained steadily at a
proper degree of solution or liquidity, and consequently of boiling temperature,
by means of certain subsidiary contrivances.
And in further compliance with the said proviso, I, the said Andrew
Ure, do hereby describe the manner in which my said Invention is to be
performed by the following explanation thereof, reference being had to the
Drawings annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon; that is
to say:
Figure 1 represents a vertical section of the apparatus; Figure 2, a plan
of the same; Fig. 3, an elevation of the thermostatic mechanism; Figure 4,
the rake for clearing out the viscid syrup. The same letters of reference
indicate corresponding parts of the apparatus in the several Figures where
they occur.
A, A, A, indicates the exterior vessel or bath pan, made of iron
or other suitable metal, for containing the saline solution. This pan may be
round, oval, rectangular, or of any other shape, at the pleasure of the
operator, and its bottom may be somewhat arched, as a plane surface is apt to
warp by alternations of temperature. B, B, B, represents a pipe terminated
at top with a light safety valve to give vent to the steam thrown off by the
saline solution during ebullition. This pipe is bent into a zigzag or ser-
pentine form where it passes through the water in the cistern C, C, to favor
the condensation of that steam and the heating of that water. The water
resulting from the condensed steam flows back into the pan through the
small tube D, and is distributed through apertures in its extremity E along the
under surface of the saline solution. The cistern C is furnished at top with a
float and rod to indicate the depth of water in it. F represents another tube
which issues immediately from the bottom of the cistern at G, and which is
intended to supply water to the saline bath through the stopcock or valve H,
and thence through the perforated tube of distribution E near the bottom of
the pan, whereby the water dissipated by evaporation is restored, and the
equilibrium of dilution is maintained. The action of that stopcock or valve of

page_text: supply H is regulated by my Patent Invention called a "Thermostat," which
was inrolled on the Twentieth of April, One thousand eight hundred and
thirty-one (last past). The manner in which that Invention may be con-
veniently applied in the present case is particularly shewn in Figure S,
where a, a, are two pairs of compound thermostatic bars acting in concert,
the undermost bar of which is fastened firmly by the middle at 6 to a bracket
bolted to the side of the iron pan, and the uppermost bar is connected at c to
an upright rod d, which, passing through the stuffing box e, moves up and
down by the motion in flexure of the said thermostatic bars, correspondent
with the increase and diminution of the temperature of the bath. By the
operation of this mechanism, aided by the adjustment of the screw nut f,
which modifies the length of the rising rod d, the lever or rack of the stop-
cock or valve H is moved so as to admit water whenever the saline bath by
concentration exceeds in its boiling temperature the desired degree of heat.
I indicates the place of a mercurial thermometer, the bulb of which descends
into the saline bath. It serves as a cheque on the thermostat, and a guide
towards its accurate adjustment. The mechanism at K consists of a stone
or other block L, attached by the rod M to the one end of the balance lever
N, to serve as a counterpoise to the damper plate O, which is suspended to
the other end of the lever. Should the liquid of the bath be thrown into too
furious an ebullition by undue violence of fire, the said block will be raised,
and depress the damper plate into the passage of the chimney. The index P
is calculated to shew the depth of liquid in the bath, and thus affords evidence
of its keeping the proper level. At Q is seen a stopcock, through which the
saline solution may occasionally be run off into the cistern R, and whereby
the bath liquid may be reduced to any desired level within the pan. In this
way also the heating medium may be readily withdrawn from contrast with
the sugar pan S without extinguishing the fire. The pump T serves for
returning the saline solution into the bath pan through the pipe U. The
sugar pan S may have any desired shape, and its bottom may be either
curvilinear or plane, with the requisite declivity towards the pipe of discharge
for the syrup, shewn here at V. The valve or plug is fitted into the inner end
of the discharge pipe, so that no syrup is allowed to lodge in the pipe during
the operation of boiling. The plug or valve is opened and shut by a
screw, as shewn in the plan, or other convenient mechanism. The bottom
surface of the sugar pan may be smooth or plane, but the form that I prefer
is represented in section at W, Figure 1, where the metallic lamina (sheet
copper, for example) is corrugated, so as to bring nearly a double surface of
metal within the same area or under the same body of syrup. In the Figure,

page_text: for instance, a sugar pan, seven feet long, is supposed to have its bottom
formed of sheet copper fourteen feet long, shortened by corrugation or
crimping into a length of seven feet. These corrugations may consist of
angular or curvilinear channels, the latter being in my opinion preferable for
the bottom of a sugar pan, especially when the curvature approaches to the
parabolic. A like corrugation might also be given to the sides of the pan as
high up as the action of the liquid bath extends. The line of these corru-
gations may be either straight or curvilinear, the principle of their formation
being to amplify and stiffen the metallic lamina that constitutes the lower
portion of the sugar pan, and to afford channels for the ready escape of the
steam of the saline bath, which, acting on a flat bottom, is apt to cause con-
cussions during ebullition, and to obstruct more or less the intimate contact"
of the heating bath with the metal of the sugar pan. The most efficacious
heat of the chloride of calcium solution bath for evaporating syrups I find to
be 280 degrees of Fahrenheit's scale, though other temperatures, both above
and below that point, may with safety be applied. Y, Y, shews the line of
screw bolts by which the flange of the copper or interior pan may be secured
to the flange of the iron or exterior pan, the former flange being turned
outwards in the Figure, and the latter flange inwards. The final discharge
of the syrup along the channels may be accelerated by the use of the rake
represented in Figure 4, the knobs of fingers of which are formed to suit
the corrugations, and are covered with a cloth glove. The relative positions
of the thermostatic mechanism, and of the several pipes represented in the
accompanying Figures, may be varied without inconvenience to the process of
sugar boiling.
I claim as my Invention the combinations of apparatus above described for
evaporating syrups and saccharine juices by the heat of a saline bath, composed
of a strong solution of chloride of calcium or of acetate of soda, which boils at
a temperature considerably above the boiling point of water.
And I further claim the application of one or other of the said saline
solution baths to sugar pans with corrugated bottoms or corrugated bottoms
and sides.
In witness whereof, I, the said Andrew Ure, have hereunto set my band
and seal, this Twenty-second day of March, One thousand eight
hundred and thirty-two.
ANDREW (L.s.) URE.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-second day of March, in
the second year of the reign of His Majesty King William the Fourth, the
said Andrew Ure came before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and
acknowledged the Instrument aforesaid, and all and every thing therein con-
tained and specified, in form above written. And also the Instrument
aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made in the
fifty-fifth year of the reign of His late Majesty King George the Third.
Inrolled the Twenty-second day of March, One thousand eight hundred
and thirty-two.