IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESSING MILLSTONES, IN ORNAMENTING OR ENGRAVING ON GLASS, POTTERY, _ AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES, AND IN MATERIALS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1863

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet Street, in
the City of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN DRESSING MILLSTONES, IN ORNAMENTING OR ENGRAVING ON GLASS, POTTERY,
_ AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES, AND IN MATERIALS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
A communication from abroad by Cyprien Marie Tessié du Motay and
Charles Raphael Maréchal, both of Metz. France.
Sealed the 21st August 1863; and dated the 23rd February 1863:
..::
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald
Brooman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 23rd February 1863.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN. DRESSING MILLSTONES, IN ORNAMENTING OR ENGRAVING ON
GLASS, POTTERY, AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES, AND IN MATERIALS EMPLOYED
THEREIN," to be as follows:
Hitherto millstones have been dressed by mechanical means. Now, this
Invention consists in dressing millstones, and in ornamenting glass, pottery,
and other similar substances, as hereafter described, by the action of hydro-
fluoric acid on the silicious matter of which they are more or less composed.
I cover by hand, or by printing, those parts of the surface which are not to be
[Price 8d.]

page_text: eaten out with one of the inks or varnishes hereafter described, and which are
not acted upon by hydrofluoric acid. Into the spaces not covered by the ink
or varnish I pour hydrofluoric acid, which, acting on the silicious matter in
the body operated on dissolves it and bites out those parts not protected.
I now proceed to describe the composition, and the modes of employment
of the inks and varnishes.
Composition. The varnish may be composed of wax, pitch, bitumen,
essence of turpentine, spermaceti, mastic, or any other resinous substance
mixed together in proportions varying according to the viscosity or fluidity
which it is desired the varnish should possess. The essence of turpentinemay
be replaced by benzine, essence of lavender, or any other essence. Instead of
this varnish the soft varnish employed in engraving by means of aquafortis
may be used.
The ink, which should be printed on paper, and transferred afterwards to
the millstone, or other article,may be composed of various substances, such as
tallow, wax, stearic acid, palmistic acid, paraffin, raw or boiled linseed oil,
resin oil, bitumen, pitch, spermaceti, mnastic, or other resinous substance,
essence of turpentine, benzine, essence of lavender, or other essence, gutta
percha, caoutchouc, and generally any fatty or resinous substance, coal,
sulphate of lime, fluoret of calcium, or any other substance easily reduced to
an impalpable powder and not attacked by hydrofluoric acid, maybe employed
to give plasticity to the composition.
The following are the particular compositions of inks I intend to claim:-
Ink A. Bitumen
about 300 parts.

page_text: Resin
Boiled linseed oil (very viscous)
Plaster -
Coal
mixed together -
35
"
50
"
وو
100
"
"
100
"
"
20
"
"
The plaster, coal, and other substances, not fatty or resinous, should be
pounded very finely in a mortar. To facilitate this operation, benzine, essence
of turpentine, essence of lavender, or other essence, raw linseed oil, fatty oil,
or resin oil may be added to the inks. The proportions before given may be
varied considerably, according to the time of year, and other circumstances.
Modes of Employment.-The transfer paper and the processes of printing
employed in pottery and lithography may be made use of with the inks before
described. Numerous substances serve for the preparation of the paper, such
as gum, dextrine, honey, sugar, gelatine, starch, paste, alum, silicate of soda,
and soap, employed separately, mixed, or in succession.
The feature of these various preparations consists in covering the paper
with one or several coats, which will render it impermeable to the iuk, which
may be dissolved or removed easily from the paper by the action of water,
acidulated or not.
The paper should be applied dry on the surface to be acted on, and
should, as before stated, be such as is used in autography and lithography, or
soaped paper, or other paper used in pottery, or paper previously saturated
with a solutiot of alum and silicate of soda, and afterwards coated with a
thin coating of soap.
The varnishes can be employed in several ways, they may be applied by a
pen, brush, or otherwise. The varnish may be spread evenly over the parts of
the surface to be bitten out. A dry pointed instrument, a stile or tracing
machine, may then be used to remove from the surface the varnish covering
those parts which are to be eaten out by the hydrofluoric acid, in the same
manner as in engraving with aquafortis.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Archibald Brooman in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 21st August 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME I, RICHARD
ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Richard Archibald Brooman, Her special licence that I, the said Richard
Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators. and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESSING MILLSTONES, IN ORNAMENTING OR ENGRAVING ON
GLASS, POTTERY, AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES, AND IN MATERIALS EMPLOYED
THEREIN," (communicated to me from abroad by Cyprien Marie Tessié du
Motay and Charles Raphael Maréchal both of Metz, France,) upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
Hitherto, millstones have been dressed by mechanical means. Now, this
Invention consists in dressing millstones, and in ornamenting glass, pottery,
and other similar substances, as hereafter described, by the action of hydro-
fluoric acid on the siliceous matter of which they are more or less composed.
I cover by hand, or by printing, those parts of the surface which are not to

page_text: be eaten out with one of the inks or varnishes hereafter described, and which
are not acted upon by bydrofluoric acid. Into the spaces not covered by the
ink or varnish I pour hydrofluoric acid, which, acting on the siliceous matter
in the body operated on dissolves it, and bites out those parts not protected.
I now proceed to describe the composition, and the modes of employment
of the inks and varnishes,
Composition. The varnish may be composed of wax, pitch, bitumen,
essence of turpentine, spermaceti, mastic, or any other resinous substance,
mixed together in proportions varying according to the viscosity or fluidity
which it is desired the varnish should possess. The essence of turpentine
may be replaced by benzine, essence of lavender, or any other essence.
Instead of this varnish the soft varnish employed in engraving by means
of aquafortis may be used.
The ink, which should be printed on paper, and transferred afterwards to
the millstone or other article, may be composed of various substances, such as
tallow, wax, stearic acid, palmistic acid, paraffin, raw or boiled linseed oil,
resin oil, bitumen, pitch, spermaceti, mastic, or other resinous substance,
essence of turpentine, benzine; essence of lavender, or other essence, gutta
percha,caoutchouc, and generally anyfattyor resinous substance. Coal,sulphate
of lime, fluoret of calcium, or any other substance easily reduced to an
impalpable powder, and not attacked by hydrofluoric acid may be employed
to give plasticity to the composition.
The following are my particular compositions of inks :-
Ink A. Bitumen
about 300 parts.
be eaten out with one of the inks or varnishes hereafter described, and which
are not acted upon by bydrofluoric acid. Into the spaces not covered by the
ink or varnish I pour hydrofluoric acid, which, acting on the siliceous matter
in the body operated on dissolves it, and bites out those parts not protected.
I now proceed to describe the composition, and the modes of employment
of the inks and varnishes,
Composition. The varnish may be composed of wax, pitch, bitumen,
essence of turpentine, spermaceti, mastic, or any other resinous substance,
mixed together in proportions varying according to the viscosity or fluidity
which it is desired the varnish should possess. The essence of turpentine
may be replaced by benzine, essence of lavender, or any other essence.
Instead of this varnish the soft varnish employed in engraving by means
of aquafortis may be used.
The ink, which should be printed on paper, and transferred afterwards to
the millstone or other article, may be composed of various substances, such as
tallow, wax, stearic acid, palmistic acid, paraffin, raw or boiled linseed oil,
resin oil, bitumen, pitch, spermaceti, mastic, or other resinous substance,
essence of turpentine, benzine; essence of lavender, or other essence, gutta
percha,caoutchouc, and generally anyfattyor resinous substance. Coal,sulphate
of lime, fluoret of calcium, or any other substance easily reduced to an
impalpable powder, and not attacked by hydrofluoric acid may be employed
to give plasticity to the composition.
The following are my particular compositions of inks :-
Ink A. Bitumen
Stearic acid-
دو
about 300 parts.
200
31
Essence of turpentine, or benzine
Kesin
300
"
כן
400
"
"
Plaster (sulphate of lime)
500
"
"
Coal-
50
"
"
Ink B. Gutta percha
120
"
"
Caoutchouc
-mixed together
20
"
"
Benzine
140
"
"
Bitumen
60
"
"
Stearic acid
40
ور
"
Resin
80
وو
"
Boiled linseed oil (very viscous)
120
"
"
Plaster
200
"
"

page_text: Taster
Coal
100
"
"
20
"
وو
The plaster, coal, and other substances not fatty or resinous should be
pounded very finely in a mortar. To facilitate this operation, benzine, essence
of turpentine, essence of lavender, or other essence, raw linseed oil, fatty oil,
or resin oil may be added to the inks. The proportions before given may be
varied considerably, according to the time of year, and other circumstances.
Modes of employment.-The transfer paper and the processes of printing
employed in pottery and lithography may be made use of with the inks before
describe. Numerous substances serve for the preparation of the paper, such
as gum, dextrine, honey, sugar, gelatine, starch, paste, alum, silicate of soda,
aud soap, employed separately, mixed, or in succession.
The feature of these various preparations consist in covering the paper
with one or several coats, which will render it impermeable to the ink, and
which may be dissolved or removed easily from the paper by the action of
water, acidul-ted or not.
The paper should be applied dry on the surface to be acted on, and should,
as before stated, be such as is used in autography and lithography, or soaped
paper, or other paper used in pottery, or paper previously saturated with a
solution of alum and silicate of soda, and afterwards coated with a thin
coating of soap.
The varnishes can be employed in several ways,they may be employed by a
pen, brush, or otherwise. The varnish may be spread evenly over the parts
of the surface to be bitten out. A dry pointed instrument, a style, or tracing
machine may then be used to remove from the surface the varnish covering
those parts which are to be eaten out by the hydrofluoric acid, in the same
manner as in engraving with aquafortis.
In employing the inks intended to be applied upon paper, it is necessary
to engrave metal, stone, or wooden plates or surfaces with a stile, or by acids
which will act upon them, and to produce thereon the reverse of the pattern
or design to be imparted to the millstone or other surface; these plates or
surfaces are inked in any ordinary manner.

page_text: When a millstone requires re-dressing, the inks and varnishes may be
spread equally and uniformly on a roller similar to an ordinary printing
or lithographic roller, which is brought in contact with the millstone; the
ink or varnish will only be deposited on the projecting parts, and the biting
by the hydrofluoric acid will take place as if the ink or varuish had been
applied by hand or by printing.
And having now described the nature of the said Iuvention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim, dressing mill.
stones, and ornamenting or engraving on glass, pottery, and other similar
substances, substantially in manner and by the materials herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the Richard Archibald Brooman, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of August One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-three.
R. A. BROOMAN. (L.B.)