IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WINDING YARN OR THREAD, AND IN PART APPLICABLE TO TUT ' PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robertson and James Guthrie Orchar,
of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North Britain, and Matthew
Andrew Muir and James McIlwham, of Glasgow, in the County
of Lanark, North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR WINDING YARN OR THREAD, AND IN PART APPLICABLE TO
TUT
'
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robertson,
James Guthrie Orchar, Matthew Andrew Muir, and James
McIlwham at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 22nd October 1873.
We, WILLIAM ROBERTSON and James GuthrIE ORCHAR, of Dundee,
in the County of Forfar, North Britain, and MATTHEW ANDREW MUIR
and JAMES MILWHAM, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WINDING YARN OR THREAD, AND IN PART
.

page_text: APPLICABLE TO OTHER MACHINERY REQUIRING A VARYING MOTION," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention comprises simple and convenient arrangements for
winding yarn or thread into cops, and which can be easily adapted to
machinery originally constructed for winding yarn or thread upon pirns,
and as easily removed therefrom, so that the machines can at any
time be altered with little trouble from one system of winding to the
other.
The Invention also comprises improved gear for driving pirns with
the varying velocity desirable for winding the yarn or thread in conical
layers, such driving gear being applicable in any machinery in which a
similar varying motion is required.
A portion of the present improvements is more particularly designed
for application to winding machinery constructed more or less as
described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to William
Robertson and James Guthrie Orchar, No. 2757, of 1858. In altering
such machinery so as to wind cops instead of on pirns the parts for
making the horizontal lateral driving shafts reciprocate are removed or
rendered inoperative, and the spindles are driven at a uniform velocity,
and the traverse frames are moved by eccentrics on a quickly revolving
shaft placed along the top of the frame, the eccentrics for working the
traverse frame on one side being diametrically opposite to those for the
other side, so that the frames on both sides recede from and approach
the middle simultaneously, and so oppose and neutralise each others'
shaking tendency.
Steel or iron spindles are provided for winding the cops on, and being
connected to the driving spindles like the pirns can be removed when
the cops are complete, and the cops be taken off them by hand. The
parts of the traverse frames acting on the thread guides have slotted or
grooved pieces attached to them, so as to both pull and push the ends of
the thread guides, which last have pins formed on them to enter the
slots or grooves. A horizontal lever centred with an elongated eye on
‘á rod fixed longitudinally over the middle of the machine is connected
by a pin and slot to each cone piece, and may have an adjustable weight
on either side of its centre to increase or diminish the pressure of the
cone piece. The horizontal lever projects in front, and it is by it that
"the attendant rearranges the parts for beginning to wind a fresh cop,

page_text: .
first pulling forward the lever, so that a pin on it may move the vertical
weighted lever clear of the catch, by which it held up the cone piece.
The yarn or thread before reaching the traverse guide passes over a
guide pulley or stud on the outer end of a light wire lever set on a pin
on the horizontal lever, and held up by a spring connected to a short
arm formed on it. This spring guide lever by its action sufficiently
compensates for the unequal strain on the yarn or thread, the traverse
being very quick when winding cops, so that the maximum and minimum
strains are of short durations.
When it is wished to make the motion of the spindle stop auto-
matically on the yarn or thread breaking or failing, there may be a
second wire lever with a pulley or stud for the yarn or thread to pass
round or under, such lever being held up by the yarn or thread, and on
the failure thereof falling, and with a short arm formed on it moving the
vertical weighted lever clear of its holding catch. Or in cases in which
a more delicate action is desirable the yarn or thread may be passed over
a light cranked detector lever in a way to hold up one bent arm of such
lever clear of a reciprocating rod. This reciprocating rod is jointed to a
lever centered on the vertical weighted lever, and worked by the traverse
frame by means of a pin and slot, and when the rod is obstructed by the
detector lever in consequence of the yarn failing it causes the vertical
weighted lever to be moved clear of its catch. An arm fixed on the
lever, by means of which the parts are readjusted for starting the spindle,
serves at the same time to rearrange the detector details.
The herein-before described improvements are applicable to winding
machines in which the spindles are driven by toothed bevil wheels as
well as to those with frictional drivers, but the wear and tear caused by
the abrupt starting which takes place with toothed gear is avoided or
much reduced by interposing a simple spring clutch consisting of a coil
of spring wire placed on the spindle above the driven bevil wheel with
its upper end fixed to a boss, which is raised or lowered by the parts
putting the spindle out of or into gear. The lower end of the spring is
turned outwards, so as when lowered to engage with a pin on the boss
of the bevil wheel, and thereby transmit the driving force, but it yields
on the first contact and prevents shock to the winding spindle. The
movable boss, to which the spring is attached, is connected to the
spindle by a groove and pin or key. This improved driving, clutch is

page_text: applicable whether the winding spindle remains at one height or
descends as the winding proceeds.
When the machinery is arranged for winding on pirns by this
Invention the horizontal lateral driving shafts are not arranged to
reciprocate, but are placed with their driving discs acting at what is in
practice found to be the best or most convenient radius of the driven
discs, and a varying motion is imparted to those lateral driving shafts by
a shaft suitably geared with them, and itself driven by a belt from a
parallel shaft revolving at a uniform rate. The belt pulleys on the two
shafts are made to vary in effective radius, increasing and diminishing
alternately and oppositely, so as always to keep the belt equally distended
whilst it transmits a varying speed suited to the desired winding
operation. Each belt pulley is made in segments, which are fitted to
move radially in guides on a frame fixed on the shaft, and which are
also formed with inclined dovetails fitted to work in dovetailed grooves
formed in the surface of a cone fitted to move along the shaft, but
revolving with it. Similar cones are arranged in connection with both
sets of pulley segments, and they are connected to opposite ends of a
lever, which is centred midway between the two shafts, and which is
made to reciprocate by a crank or cam on the shaft carrying the usual
heart cam for working the traverse. The lever makes the cones
reciproccate oppositely to each other on the two shafts, and the cones)
move the pulley segments inwards and outwards accordingly, and so
produce the desired variation in the speed transmitted.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, 25
filed by the said William Robertson, James Guthrie Orchar,
Matthew Andrew Muir, and James McIlwham, in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 21st April 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
ROBERTSON and JAMES GUTHRIE ORCHAR, of Dundee, in the County of 30
Forfar, North Britain, and MATTHEW ANDREW MUIR and JAMES
M°ILWHAM, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, send
greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto us, the said William Robertson, James
Guthrie Orchar, Matthew Andrew Muir, and James M'Ilwham, Her
special licence that we, the said William Robertson, James Guthrie
Orchar, Matthew Andrew Muir, and James M'Ilwham, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said William
Robertson, James Guthrie Orchar, Matthew Andrew Muir, and James
McIlwham, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, usc, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WINDING YARN OR THREAD, AND IN PART
APPLICABLE TO OTHER MACHINERY REQUIRING A VARYING MOTION," upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said William Robertson, James
Guthrie Orchar, Matthew Andrew Muir, and James McIlwham, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Robertson, James Guthrie
Orchar, Matthew Andrew Muir, and James McIlwham, do hereby
declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner tho
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement in writing, reference being had to tho
accompanying Drawings, that is to say :-
Our said Invention comprises simple and convenient arrangements
for winding yarn or thread into cops, and which can be easily adapted
to machinery originally constructed for winding yarn or thread upon
pirns, and as easily removed therefrom, so that the machines can at any
time be altered with little trouble from one system of winding to the
other..

page_text: Our Invention also comprises improved gear for driving pirns with
the varying velocity desirable for winding the yarn or thread in conical
layers, such driving gear being applicable in any machinery in which a
similar varying motion is required.
And in order that our said Invention and the manner of performing
the same may be properly understood, we hereunto append two Sheets of
explanatory Drawings, to be herein-after referred to, and representing
'parts of winding machinery as made with our improvements. In these
Drawings the same reference numerals are used to mark the same or
like parts wherever they are repeated.
A portion of our present improvements is more particularly designed
for application to winding machinery constructed more or less as
described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to two of us,
namely, the said William Robertson and James Guthrie Orchar, and
having the official Number 2757, of the year 1858.
Figure 1, on Sheet 1 of the Drawings, is a transverse vertical section
of a winding frame of this kind; and Figure 2 is a front elevation of
some of the parts in connection with one of the spindles. In altering
such machinery so as to wind cops instead of winding upon pirns the
parts for making the horizontal lateral driving shafts 1 reciprocate are
removed or rendered inoperative, and the spindles 2 are driven at a
uniform velocity by means of the discs 3 on the driving shafts 1 on the
edges of which discs 4 on the spindles rest as formerly. The traverse
frames 5 are moved by eccentrics 6 on a quickly revolving horizontal
shaft 7 placed centally along the upper part of the frame, the eccentrics
for working the traverse frame on one side being diametrically opposite
to those for the other side, so that the frames 5 on both sides recede
from and approach the middle simultaneously, and so oppose and
neutralise cach others shaking tendency. This is the more desirable on
account of the comparatively rapid traverse generally adopted in winding
into cops.
Steel or iron spindles 8 are provided for winding the cops on, and
being connected to the driving spindles 2 like the pirns can be removed
when the cops are complete, and the cops be taken off them by hand.
The parts of the traverse frames 5 acting on the traversing thread
guides 9, 10, have slotted or grooved pieces 11 attached to them, so as
to both pull and push the arms 10 of the thread guides, which last have

page_text: pins formed on them to enter the slots or grooves. A horizontal lever 12
centred with an elongated eye on a rod 13 fixed longitudinally over the
middle of the machine is connected by a pin and slot to each cone
piece 14, and may have an adjustable weight on either side of its centre
to increase or diminish the pressure of the cone 15. The horizontal
lever 12 projects forwards conveniently for the attendant by it to
rearrange the parts for beginning to wind a fresh cop, and when doing
so he first pulls forward the lever 12, so that the pin 16 on it may move
the vertical weighted lever 17 clear of the catch 18; by which it held up
the cone piece 14. The yarn or thread before reaching the traverse
guide 9 passes over a guide pulley or stud on the outer end of a light
wire lever 19 set on a pin on the horizontal lever 12, and held up by a
spring 20 connected to a short arm formed on it. This spring guide
lever by its action sufficiently compensates for the unequal strain on
the yarn or thread, the traverse being very quick when winding cops,
so that the maximum and minimum strains are of short durations.
"
When it is wished to make the motion of the winding spindle 2 stop
automatically on the yarn or thread breaking or failing, there may be a
second wire lever 21, as shown at the left-hand side of Figure 1, with a
pulley or stud at its outer lower end for the yarn or thread to pass round
or under, such lever being held up or forward by the yarn or thread,
and on the failure thereof falling, and with a short arm 22 formed at its
upper end beyond its fulcrum acting on the vertical weighted lever 17,
so as to move it clear of the weighted lever a, which lifts the discs 4 out
of driving contact. Or in cases in which a more delicate action is
desired the yarn or thread may be passed over a light cranked detector
lever 23, as shown at the right-hand side of Figure 1, in a way to hold
up one bent arm 24 of such lever clear of a reciprocating rod 25. The
cranked detector lever 23, 24, is centred on a piece 26 fixed on the rail,
and this piece is formed with two guide eyes for the front end of the
reciprocating rod 25 to work through. This reciprocating rod 25 is
jointed to a lever 27 centred on the lower end of the vertical weighted
lever 17, and made to vibrate by the traverse frame 5 by means of a pin
and slot, and when the rod 25 is obstructed by the detector lever 23, 24,
in consequence of the yarn or thread failing it causes the vertical
weighted lever 17 to be moved clear of the lower weighted disengaging
lever a. On readjusting the parts to proceed with the winding the
(detector details become rearranged without any special manipulation.

page_text: The herein-before described improvements are applicable to winding
machines in which the spindles (2) are driven by toothed bevil wheels
as well as to those with the frictional drivers, but the wear and tear
caused by the abrupt starting which takes place with toothed gear is
avoided or much reduced by interposing a simple spring clutch, such as
is shown in Figures 3 and 4 on Sheet 2 of the Drawings. These Figures
are horizontal and vertical sections, and the clutch consists of a coil 28
of spring wire placed on the winding spindle 2 above the driven bevil
pinion 29 with its upper end fixed to a boss 30. This boss 30 is formed
with an external groove to be acted on by a pin on a weighted lever,
which on being released from a catch (just as in the machine shown in
Figure 1) puts the parts out of gear, raising the boss 30 in doing so.
The lower end of the spring coil 28 is turned outwards, so as when
lowered to engage with a pin on the boss of the bevil pinion 29, and
thereby transmit the driving force, but the spring coil 28 yields on the
first contact when the clutch is lowered, and prevents the transmission
of a shock to the winding spindle 2. The movable boss 30, to which
the spring coil 28 is attached, is connected to the winding spindle 2 by
a groove and pin or key.
The mode just described of forming and arranging a spring clutch is
simple, convenient, and well suited for the purpose in view, but it will
be obvious that a spring may be interposed in various other ways to
soften the shock to the spindle when starting it. These improved
clutches are applicable whether the winding spindle remains at one
height or descends or rises as the winding proceeds.
When the machinery is arranged for winding on pirns by our
Invention the horizontal lateral driving shafts (1) are not arranged to
reciprocate, but are placed with their driving discs (3) acting at what is
in practice found to be the best or most convenient radius of the driven
discs (4), and a varying motion is imparted to those lateral driving
shafts (1) by mechanism of the kind shown in Figure 5 on Sheet 2 of
the Drawings, this Figure being a sectional end elevation of a winding
machine or frame, but with only the varying speed driving details
shown. The horizontal lateral shafts 1 are driven by means of bevil
wheels 31 by a transverse horizontal shaft 32, which is itself driven with
varying speed by a belt 33 from a parallel shaft 34 driven at a uniform
rate. The pulleys for the belt 34 are made to vary in effective radius,
increasing and diminishing alternately and oppositely, so as always to

page_text: keep the belt equally distended whilst it transmits a varying speed suited
to the desired winding operation. The rim or belt bearing part of each.
pulley consists of a number of segments 35 formed with small blocks 36
fitted to move in radial grooved guides 37 formed on a lantern-like
frame 38 fixed on the shaft 34, 32. The segments 35 are also formed
with small flanged blocks or dovetails 39 fitted to work in undercut or
dovetailed grooves 40 formed in the surface of a cone 41, which is fitted
to move along the shaft 34, 32, and is formed with a grooved collar 42.
The two cones 41 are acted on at their collars 42 by pins at the opposite
ends of a lever 43 centred midway between; and this lever 43 is con-
nected by a link 44 to a pendent lever 45 connected by a link 46 to a
crank 47 on the longitudinal shaft 7 carrying the usual cams for working
the traverse. The lever 43 makes the cones 41 reciprocate oppositely to
each other on the two shafts 34, 32, and the cones 41 move the pulley
segments 35 inwards and outwards accordingly, and so produce the
desired variation in the speed transmitted.
Having thus particularly described our said Invention, and the
manner of performing the same, we have to state that we do not restrict.
ourselves to the precise details herein described or delineated, but that
what we believe to be novel and original, and claim as the Invention
secured to us by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
1. The arranging or combining together of the parts of machinery for
winding yarn or thread in the improved modes, substantially as herein-
before described.
2. The altering of existing machines or the constructing of new
machines whilst having the winding spindles driven frictionally, as
described in the Specification of the earlier Letters Patent herein-before
referred to, so as to have the improved special arrangements herein-
before described for winding cops.
3. The actuating of the traverse frames on opposite sides of the
machine so as to recede from and approach the middle simultaneously,
as and for the purposes herein-before described.
4. The combining of the horizontal lever (12) with the other details,
in the manner and for the purposes herein-before described.
5. The mechanism herein-before described with reference to Sheet 1
of the accompanying Drawings for automatically bringing about the
stoppage of any one spindle when its yarn or thread breaks or fails.

page_text: 6. The applying of a spring clutch between the winding spindle and
bevil pinion when toothed gearing is used in immediate connection with
the spindles, as herein-before described.
7. The obtaining of a varying revolving motion by means of parts
constructed and combined together, substantially as herein-before 5
described with reference to Figure 5 on Sheet 2 of the accompanying
Drawings.
In witness whereof; I, the said James M'Ilwham, on behalf of the
said William Robertson, James Guthrie Orchar, Matthew Andrew
Muir, and myself, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this 1
Eighteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-four.
Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
JAMES MCILWHAM.
(L.S.) ·