A NEW METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING EMULSIONS FOR DIFFERENT PURPOSES
Year: 1884

page_text: I, CARL GUSTAF PATRIK DE LAVAL, M.A, of 14 Ålandsgatan, Stockholm, in the
Kingdom of Sweden, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of said invention for
A NEW METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING EMULSIONS FOR DIFFERENT
PURPOSES" to be as follows:-
"
.
The object of this invention is to effect a fine division of any kind of fat either
for producing emulsions to be employed as highly nutritious food (Kraftfutter)
grease &c, or for washing fat. Liquid fat or fat that has been made fluid, either
alone or in suitable admixture with other liquid, is forced with great pressure
through one or more fine or narrow openings into a liquid not under high pressure,
so that the small jets or thin streams or streams issuing at high velocity from
the said openings or opening are or is caused to penetrate the other liquid and are
or is thereby broken up or sub divided into minute particles and distributed
therein.
For these purposes suitable forcing apparatus such as a force-pump is employed
in such manner as with sufficient power to drive the fluid fat through the fine or
narrow openings or opening.
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per F. J. Brougham,
Applicant's Agent.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I, CARL GUSTAF PATRIK DE LAVAL, M.A. of 14 Ålandsgatan, Stockholm, in the
Kingdom of Sweden, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
"A NEW METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING EMULSIONS FOR DIFFERENT
PURPOSES and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
"
The object of this invention is to effect a fine division of all kinds of fat, so as to
produce emulsions to be used as concentrated food, lubricants &c, or for cleansing
fat substances by way of emulsion. Liquid fat, or fat which has been rendered
fluid either by itself or in admixture with some liquid is forced under high
pressure through one or more fine or minute apertures into a liquid of lower
pressure, which permits the emulsion to, be formed, the fine jets issuing through
these openings and entering the liquid with great speed are broken up or sub-
divided into minute particles, which are then dispersed therein. For this purpose
suitable forcing apparatus such as a pressure pump, of sufficient power, is used to
force the liquid fat through one or more fine apertures or through a valve which
only opens slightly, so that the liquid expelled forms one or more extremely thin
and fine jets which pass through the apertures or valve into a reservoir containing
a liquid at a lower pressure.
Referring to the appended sheet of drawings Fig. 1, is a side elevation of the
apparatus, partly in section, and Fig. 2. an end elevation Fig. 3. is a side elevation,
also partly in section of the same apparatus, modified in relation to the discharge
opening of the pump, and Fig. 4, an end elevation thereof. Figs 5 and 6
represent a modification of the arrangement of the discharge opening, in section
and plan.
In Figs 1, and 2, a is a pressure pump the plunger b of which is by means of the
connecting rod c jointed to the crank d on the shaft e which is mounted in bearings
on the frame f. The shaft e carries a large fly wheel g, which is worked either by
hand or by beltgearing from a motor or otherwise. h is the inlet pipe to the
pump, the suction valve and k and two feeding pipes for the fat and for
the liquid wherewith it is to be mixed. m is a regulating valve, n and o are two
reservoirs for the liquids, which reservoirs are fastened to the frame f. p, is the
discharge valve of the pump pressed against its seating by strong springs q.
It has a small height of lift or play determined by the resistance of the springs
and by the regulating screw T. From the valve chamber a pipe & leads to a
reservoir t which reservoir is also fixed to the frame f. u is a discharge pipe with
a cock from this reservoir, v is a pipe leading from the upper part of the reservoir t
to the reservoir n.
In using this apparatus for making emulsions, the fat, which in the following
case is supposed to be oil, is poured in to the reservoir :-If the fat to be used
is not in a liquid state, or not sufficiently so at the usual temperature, it must, by
beating, be brought into that state, in which case it is advantageous to provide
the reservoir n with a steam jacket or some other heating arrangement. The

page_text: liquid wherewith the oil is to be mixed is poured into the reservoir, o. The cock m
is opened and adjusted for the required proportion between the two substances
which are to be mixed. By means of the screw the play of the discharge valve
or the size of the "emulsing" opening is regulated at will. Then the pump is put
in motion by means of the fly wheel and the two substances coming from the
reservoirs n and o in the required proportions are forced out through the narrow
opening of the discharge valve and the emulsion is made in the valve chamber;
whereupon it rises into the reservoir t and runs off through the pipe u.
.
If from any reason, the proportion of oil in the emulsion should become too high
or the liquid in the reservoir o be exhausted the lighter emulsion thus produced
rises to the surface of and floats above the normal emulsion in the reservoir t, and
by shutting the cock in the pipe u the level in the reservoir t is raised till it
reaches the pipe v through which pipe the above floating emulsion with the higher
proportion of oil (or the oil) is brought to the reservoir n and is again made to
pass through the emulsor-valve p; mixing liquid having again been poured into
the reservoir o or the proportion between the two liquids re-established. After
the emulsor process has recovered its normal course the cock in the pipe u is again
opened.
My emulsion process, besides its employment for producing emulsions proper,
can also be used for cleansing with ease, rapidity and thoroughness, rancid fat
substances, or such as have been injured or damaged. For this purpose the
apparatus above described is also suitable. The fat substance to be purified is
poured into the reservoir n in a liquid state. Into the reservoir o the cleansing
liquid is poured, for instance a solution of soda, or some other liquid suitable for
the special case to be treated. During the pumping the proportion between the
liquids is regulated by means of the cock m and in passing the emulsor valve p
the fat is divided into such minute particles and is so closely mixed with the
cleansing liquid that the latter absorbs the impurites. From the reservoir t the
cleansing liquid together with the fat substance therein dispersed is brought
to a centrifugal separator by means of which the cleansing liquid is separated
from the fat.
The emulsor shewn in Figures 3 and 4 does not in anything essential differ
from the former, and the same letters of reference designate the same or corre-
sponding parts in the different figures. But this apparatus is more convenient for
cleansing fat substances. Here the emulsor valve p is stationary and always open.
thus forming an annular aperature the height of which is regulated by unscrewing
the valve p up and down, the screwed part of the valve spindle fits in the stationary
nut in the frame and is guided in its lower part at y. From the reservoir n
another pipe leads to the bottom of the reservoir t so that, during the cleansing
process, the cleansing liquid (which should then be in the large reservoir n and
the fat in the small one o) can be brought to the emulsor opening to receive the
fat pressed out, which is then brought into a state of emulsion and cleansed.
An emulsion according to my method, can also, as before mentioned be made by
pressing the oil alone through the emulsor opening into the mixing liquid, which is
poured into the reservoir t. When the apparatus shewn in Figs 3 and 4 is used
for this purpose the mixing fluid is kept in the reservoir n and the fat in the
reservoir o, the cock m¹ is shut and the cock m² opened as much as may be
required.
As before mentioned the valve p can be entirely dispensed with and one or
several fine apertures or openings be made or arranged in the pump cylinder or in
the discharge pipe. Figs 5 and 6 give an example thereof. Here the discharge
opening in the reservoir t is covered with several pieces of wire netting p¹, placed
the one above the other, and which are kept in position by means of a perforated
plate z screwed fast thereon. In this case the fine channels thus formed replace
the emulsor openings.
Fat in the form of an emulsion is particularly suitable as a concentrated food for
animals and by using fat in the form of an emulsion as food, with or without any

page_text: admixture, the fat is assimilated by the animals and thereby transformed into fat
substances of a higher market price.
A very excellent lubricant can also be produced by introducing fat in the form
of an emulsion into water containing a small quanity of ammonia or some other
saponifying matter in solution or into a liquid which allows of the emulsion being
made; such an emulsion of fat can be used with advantage instead of a more
expensive lubricating oil.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. The hereinbefore described method or process of making emulsions which
consists in forcing oil or fat in a liquid state either alone or mixed with some other
liquid, through a fine aperture or fine apertures into a suitable liquid at a lower
pressure as above set forth.
2. In apparatus for making emulsions by the process referred to in the previous
claim, the use of a heavily loaded, or by means of a finethreaded screw adjustable,
valve to produce the fine aperture or crevice required.
3. The use for making emulsions of apparatus constructed, arranged and
operating as shewn in and described with reference to Figs 1 and 2 and Figs 3
and 4 of the drawings.