IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SPINNING OR TWISTING
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Clark, Joiner, William Pollock, Merchant,
and James Whyte, Mechanic, all of Paisley, in the County of Renfrew,
North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SPINNING
OR TWISTING."
Sealed the 27th March 1861, and dated the 1st October 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Clark, William
Pollock, and James Whyte, at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 1st October 1860.
We, JOHN CLARK, Joiner, WILLIAM POLLOCK, Merchant, and JAMES WHYTE,
Mechanic, all of Paisley, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR SPINNING OR TWISTING," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to improved apparatus for spinning or twisting in
place of the ordinary "spindle and flyer."
In one modification the bobbin or other receptacle for the yarn or thread is
mounted upon a separate spindle, which does not rotate, but has only the slow
vertical motion for building the yarn or thread. The flyer is fixed upon a
second comparatively short spindle, driven by means of a pulley and cord, or
otherwise, and made tubular for the passage through it of the yarn or thread.
In addition, small guide or antifriction pulleys may be mounted upon the flyer

page_text: to guide the yarn or thread, and to relieve it of the severe friction to which it
is subjected in ordinary flyers. By these means the weight of the rotating
parts is reduced, and the apparatus is rendered capable of being driven at an
increased velocity.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Clark, William Pollock, and James Whyte in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th March 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
CLARK, Joiner, WILLIAM POLLOCK, Merchant, and JAMES WHITE, Mechanic,
all of Paisley, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
John Clark, William Pollock, and James White, Her special licence,
that we, the said John Clark, William Pollock, and James White, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said John
Clarke, William Pollock, and James White, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SPINNING OR TWISTING,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said John Clark, William
Pollock, James White, our executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Clark, William Pollock,
and James White, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement in writing,
reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the letters and
figures marked thereon, that is to say:-

page_text: Our said Invention relates to improved apparatus for spinning or twisting
in place of the ordinary "spindle and flyer;" and in order that the same may
be properly understood and carried into effect, we have hereunto appended, a
Sheet of explanatory Drawings, representing modifications of our improved
apparatus, to which Drawings we shall refer in particularly describing our
improvements, premising that in all the Figures, which are vertical sections,
drawn full size, the same reference letters mark the same or like parts.
In one modification represented in Figure 1 the bobbin A or other
receptacle for the yarn or thread is mounted upon a separate spindle B, which
does not rotate, but has only the slow vertical motion for building the yarn or
thread, the spindle B being fixed in a horizontal bar C, to which this vertical
motion is imparted in the ordinary way. The flyer D is fixed upon a second
spindle E, driven by means of a pulley F and cord, or otherwise, this spindle E
being made tubular for the passage through it of the yarn or thread. In
addition, small guide or antifriction pulleys G may be mounted upon the
flyer D to guide the yarn or thread, and to releive it of the severe friction to
which it is subjected in ordinary flyers. In the modification represented in
Figure 1 the tubular flyer spindle E is carried and rotates in bearings H,
fixed in stationary frame bars J, K, above and below the pulley or wharve F
by means of which the flyer is driven. This part of the apparatus, however,
is susceptible of sundry modifications; thus the tubular spindle E of the flyer
may be made short and enlarged to rotate upon a stud L, fixed to the
stationary frame bar J, as shown in Figures 2 and 4, the stud being made
tubular for the passage through it of the yarn or thread. Or the tubular flyer
spindle E may be made short, and be carried and rotate in a single bearing H
in the stationary frame bar J, above the pulley or wharve F. When the
bobbin spindle B is fixed to the bar C, the requisite drag may be applied to
the bobbin A in the ordinary way by means of a weighted cord M (Figure 1)
against which the bottom disc of the bobbin rubs in rotating, and the retarding
action of which can be modified by putting the cord in different notches in the
edge of the bar C. The same end may be obtained, however, by arranging
the spindle B to rotate with the bobbin A, as shown in Figure 4, when the
frictional retarding cord M may be applied to the spindle, and one such cord
may serve for an entire row of spindles being in succession passed round each
spindle, in the manner indicated in Figure 4. By the adoption of the various
improvements described the apparatus is rendered capable of being driven at
an increased velocity.
Having thus particularly described our said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is or may be used or carried into effect, we have to state that

page_text: we do not restrict ourselves to the precise details herein described or
delineated; but that what we consider to be novel and original, and claim as
the Invention secured to us by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent
is, the constructing of apparatus for spinning or twisting, substantially as
herein-before described, and more particularly the making of the spindle
carrying the bobbin separate and detached from the flyer, and the making of
the flyer with a tubular spindle carried and turning in or upon a separate and
distinct bearing or bearings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Pollock, on behalf of myself
and of the said John Clark and James White, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
Witness,
EDMUND HUNT, Patent Agent,
28, St. Enoch Square,
Glasgow.
W. POLLOCK. (L.S.)