Improvements relating to the Use of Liquid Fuel, and Apparatus for that Purpose.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Sept., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 18th June, 1995-Accepted, 27th July, 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to the Use of Liquid Fuel, and Apparatus
for that Purpose.
I, STEPHEN HARDING 'TERRY, of 17, Victoria Street, Westininster, in the
County of London, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
My invention relates to certain improvements connected with the use of liquid
fuel, especially at sea, where fresh water supply for boiler feeding is important;
and has for its object to obviate waste and economise as far as possible fresh water
and fuel, to minimise the roar of the blast, and to attain other advantages
hereinafter referred to.
The main reason which has hitherto precluded the use of liquid fuel at sea is
the large volume of water required to be evaporated, not only for supplying steam
to the oil for spraying, but also for supplying to same sufficient air for combustion.
The volume of steam so used varies from 5% to 10% of the whole steam generated
by the boiler, and after doing its work it is entirely lost.
Now if the steam so used at the jets were confined entirely to spraying the oil,
instead of also drawing in air and mixing same with the spray for the purpose: of
combustion, obviously a much smaller volume of steam (and its generating water
and fuel) would be required. This economy is the special aim of my present
improvement, and my invention consists in the provision and use in combination
with an arrangement of jets adapted only for introducing the oil and not air, of
one or more separate and independently controlled air jets not produced by steam
but by a fan, blower, or equivalent operated by the main or auxiliary engines, the
exhaust from which is not wasted, but condensed for make-up feed... Hence great
economy results, but in order to still further economise, and to save the whole; of
the water of steam used in connection with oil burning, I heat the oil or liquid
fuel in a closed vessel to a high temperature and to a considerable pressure,
and I utilise the vapour of oil so generated to inject the hot liquid from the
samo- vessel in the form of spray or vapour' into the furnace as with ordinary
steam.
My invention also comprises certain arrangements and constructions of
apparatus and appliances for obtaining the most economic results in liquid fuel
burning.
In carrying out my invention I can dispense with firebars (although it is not
necessary to alter existing furnaces in any way); I also dispense with all such jets
of steam as are at present used for air auction to the oil jets, combined, or
separately may retain auch steam jets as may be actually required for the
vapourising process alone, or as above set forth I may also dispense with these.
Then in order to supply a separate volume of air for combustion I provide a fan or
blower or equivalent adapted to supply the air for combustion through suitable main
trunk and distributing pipes and nozzles, and heated if desired by the heat of waste
gases or otherwise. For each oil, jet I may introduce one or more such separate
air jets under suitable pressure, and in such manner as either to impinge upon the
spray or cross the same at one or more points and so produce more complete
commingling comminution and combustion. It is an important advantage accruing
from this arrangement that the roar-of-the-blast and consequent vibrations are

page_text: greatly modified. In leading this separate air supply to the nozzles I prefer to
pass it through furnace mouthpieces constructed with one or more suitable divisions
or chambers with adjustable openings and valves so arranged as to control the
volume supplied.
The apparatus I use for heating the liquid fuel and for injection purposes may
consist of a suitable closed vessel fitted with means for heating the oil by steam,
such as a coil of tubes or the like. The vapour of oil generated therein is led
from the upper part or space by a valved pipe to the oil injector which it works
in place of steam and produces the spray, assisted if required by a small live steam
or compressed air jet. The steam from the oil heating coil or equivalent is
condensed for further use as feed water, so that there is no loss. I may in some
cases use compressed air for spraying the oil, the bulk of air for combustion being
supplied by the fan or blower as above described.
Dated this 28th day of September 1894.
Improvements relating to the Use of Liquid Fuel, and Apparatus
for that Purpose.
I, STEPHEN HARDING TERRY, of 17, Victoria Street, Westminster, in the
County of Loudon, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to certain improvements connected with the use of liquid
fuel, especially at sea, where fresh water supply for boiler feeding is important;
and has for its object to obviate waste and economise as far as possible fresh water
and fuel, to minimise the roar of the blast, and to attain other advantages
· hereinafter referred to.
The main reason which has hitherto precluded the use of liquid fuel at sea is
the large volume of water required to be evaporated, not only for supplying steam
to the oil for spraying, but also for supplying to same sufficient air for combustion.
The volume of steam so used varies from 5 to 10% of the whole steam generated
by the boiler, and after doing its work it is entirely lost.
Now if the steam so used at the jets were confined entirely to spraying the oil,
instead of also drawing in air and mixing same with the spray for the purpose of
combustion, obviously a much smaller volume of steam (and its generating water
and fuel) would be required. This economy is the special aim of my present
improvement, and in fully describing my invention I will refer to the annexed
drawing which forms part of this Specification.
'
My invention consists in the provision and use in combination with an arrange-
ment of jets adapted only for introducing the oil and not air, of one or more
separate and independently controlled air jets not produced by steam but by a fan,
blower, or equivalent operated by the main or auxiliary engines, the exhaust from
which is not wasted but condensed for make up feed. Hence great economy
results, but in order to still further economise, and to save the whole of the water
of steam used in connection with oil burning, heat the oil or liquid fuel in a
closed vessel to a high temperature and to a considerable pressure, and I utilise the
vapour of oil so generated to inject the hot liquid from the same vessel in the form
of spray or vapour into the furnace as with ordinary steam.
My invention also comprises certain arrangements and constructions of
apparatus and appliances for obtaining the most economic results in liquid fuel
burning.

page_text: In carrying out my invention I can dispense with firebars (although it is not
necessary to alter existing furnaces in any way); I also dispense with all such jets
of steam as are at present used for air suction to the oil jets, combined or
separately; I may retain such steam jets as may be actually required for the
vapouring process alone, or as above set forth 1 may also dispense with these..
Then in order to supply a separate volume of air for combustion, I provide a fan
or blower or equivalent of any efficient kind adapted to supply the air for com-
bustion through suitable main trunk and distributing pipes and nozzles, and heated
if desired by the heat of waste gases or otherwise. For each oil jet I may introduce.
one or more such separate air jets under suitable pressure, and in such manner as.
either to impinge upon the spray or cross the same at suitable angles at one or
more points and so produce more complete commingling comminution and com-
bustion. It is an important advantage accruing from this arrangement that the
roar of the blast and consequent vibration are greatly modified. In leading this
separate air supply to the nozzles I prefer to pass it through furnace mouthpieces
constructed with one or more suitable divisions or chambers with adjustable openings.
and valves so arranged as to control the volume supplied.
The apparatus I use for heating the liquid fuel and for injection purposes above.
referred to may consist of a suitably closed vessel such as A, Fig. 1, fitted with
means for heating the contained oil by steam. Such means may consist of an
internal coil of tubes, or it may be a steam jacket or the like. I have illustrated a
coil B fitted with controlling valves arranged as follows:
Referring to Fig. 1, C is the vapour pipe leading from above the level of the
liquid in A to the oil jets and fitted with stop valve c; D is the oil pipe leading.
from below liquid level to the jets fitted with a stop. valve d; E is the oil inlet or
feed pipe from the pump with stop valve e and usual check valve; F is a rotary
scraper fitted in the coned base of the vessel A and operated by the spindle fand
handle as shown; a is the blow-off pipe which is fitted with suitable cock (not.
shown); G is the steam inlet with stop valve g; H is the steam and condensed
water outlet also fitted with stop valve h to control pressure and temperature in.
the coil B. The vapour of oil generated in the vessel A by the heat applied
through B is led through pipe C and utilised to work the oil injectors to produce.
the spray; one of these is illustrated at J, Fig. 2,.c being its valved branch pipe.
The spraying action may be assisted if required by a small live steam or com--
pressed air jet in the usual manner. The outflow of steam and water through H
from coil or equivalent B is condensed for further use so there is no loss of water.
I may in some cases use compressed air for spraying the oil, the bulk of air for
combustion being supplied by the fan or blower above referred to and passed out
through blast nozzles capable of adjustment as required.
Referring to Fig. 2, K is the air pipe fitted with nozzle k for supplying air from.
the blower or fan above referred to, to the oil jet from nozzle J, and arranged in
the case illustrated to cross the spray at an angle such as L, the whole being
arranged within the furnace tube which is closed at its front end substantially as.
illustrated.
I have above stated that the vapour of oil for the purpose of injecting the
heated oil is generated by heat applied in the same closed oil-containing vessel A,.
but though this is a simple and good arrangement I do not limit myself to it as.
the vapour of oil may with the same results be generated in a separate vessel by
equivalent means if more convenient.
The above described apparatus for delivering the oil or liquid as a jet or spray
for purposes of combustion may under my invention be equally well used under or
in the furnace of a boiler as above explained, or in.a cylinder of an oil engine, the
tendency in either case being to assist combustion and render it more effective..
In the case of oil engines the method of obtaining the necessary heat for producing
the pressure of vapour on the surface of the liquid may be obtained when first
lighting the engine by an externally applied lamp or by steam where available ;.
but after starting the engine the necessary heat is obtained by means of a tube,.

page_text: coiled or otherwise, passing through the exhaust chamber and so abstracting heat
from the products of the explosion as will be easily understood without illustration.
In such case water would be forced through the heating tube and would form
steam, and the steam would be led through a coil or otherwise in the vessel containing
the oil, as described' in my Patent No. 12840, 1894.
1 mey
when required provide means of scavenging the heating tubes B by
steam, the oil having been first shut off at c, and I may cross couple the steam and
oil cocks g and e in such manner that the steam cannot be admitted until after oil
has been shut off and vice versa.
I also provide valves, screw plugs, and scrapers in convenient places by which
any tendency to deposit solids from the oil may be frustrated and the nozzles kept
clear.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
olaim is :-
1. The provision and use in combination with an arrangement of jets adapted for
introducing oil fuel of one or more separate and independently controlled air jets
for each oil jet, said air jets not being produced by steam, but by a fan, blower, or
equivalent means operated by the main or auxiliary engines, the exhaust steam
from which is not wasted but condensed for re-use, substantially as and for the
purposes above described.
2. The use in combination. with oil jets with separate air supply such as above
referred to of vapour for injecting purposes generated from the oil itself when
heated in a closed vessel by means of a coil, steam jacket, or equivalent, substantially
as and for the purposes set forth.
3. The arrangement of apparatus substantially as described in reference to Fig. 1
for heating oil and generating vapour therefrom for the purpose specified.
4. The arrangement in combination with the oil supply pipe D and injecting
nozzle J and the vapour pipe C from vessel A with valved branch c, of one or
more separate air nozzles such as k supplied with air through pipe K from a fan or
blower, the whole arrangement being adapted to operate substantially' in the
manner and for the purpose above set forth.
Dated this 18th day of June 1895.