Improvements in Diving Dresses.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Feb., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 22nd July, 1890-Accepted, 6th Dec., 1890
PROVISIONAL
SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Diving Dresses.
I, WILLIAM CAREY, C.B., of 15, Anglesea Place, Southampton, in the County of
Hants, Colonel Royal Artillery, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
My invention relates to diving dresses and is designed to improve the construction
and increase the efficiency of the same.
By the use of my present improvements the carrying out of submarine operations
is greatly facilitated and owing to the fact that the pressure of the water is borne
entirely by the dress itself, the depth at which such operations may be effected is
greatly increased while the period during which a diver may remain under water
is considerably extended as compared with the conveniences in these respects afforded
by the diving dresses heretofore devised.
An important feature of my present invention is the construction of my improved
diving dress of separate pieces of metal, or other suitable pressure resisting material,
which are united by the construction of the joints as an outer sphere in which the
lower limbs of, the dress work on a sector of a sphere within their respective
outer spheres. These outer sphere spherical joints tend to unite the different parts
of the dress together so that a few clasps are all that are needed to hold or keep
the whole firmly together.
Another important feature is that the pivots on which the sphere sectors work
are within the outer sphere of which they form a solid component part, and are not
introduced as in other designs from the outside through a pivot hole in the outer
sphere, such pivots being always more or less loose and frequently causing leakage
besides possessing other mechanical defects.
By these arrangements, and the centres of the spherical joints of the dress being
made coincident with that of the joints of the human body, every limb works in
harmony.
Another feature of my said invention is the construction of the diving dress in
such a manner that the head piece or helmet, and the trunk or body portion,
extending to the stomach of the diver, are or may be made in a single piece
whereby a considerable increase in capacity is secured and a storage of air is
obtained sufficient to enable the diver to breathe for a considerable time in the
event of injury to the air tubes.
My said invention moreover comprises other improvements bereinafter set
forth.
In carrying my said invention into practice I proceed as follows, that is
to say :-
I construct my improved diving dress of metal, preferably aluminium bronze, of
sufficient thickness to resist the pressure of the water to which it is to be subjected.
This thickness varies with the shape of and diameter of the different parts of the
dress, being greatest in the cylindrical portion which forms the casing for the
stomach and least in the small tubular pieces which form the fingers of the glove
hereinafter described.
The cylindrical and other portions of the diving dress may be divided longitudinally
or otherwise to facilitate the putting on and removal of the same, the separate parts
being united by butt joints with clasps in addition or in any convenient manner.
The dress is made of such shape as to cover the whole body of the diver, thus
relieving him of any pressure from the water, and giving the dress sufficient buoyancy
to carry a weight but a few pounds less than that of the diver. The diver thus

page_text: becomes the weight to sink the dress and no extra weight, except for excep
tionally light men, is required to ensure the diver descending to any depth of
water as required. The limbs also are constructed to have proportional buoyancy,
so that on the diver raising his hand, arm or leg, the same limb of the dress rises of
its own accord by reason of its buoyancy, and the diver is thus relieved of any strain
of lifting such weights. The movements of a diver are thus greatly facilitated.
Lateral or side motion as distinct from perpendicular or up and down motion in
those joints requiring it, is given by a cylindrical arrangement of an inner hollow
cylinder with a groove cut on it, working within an outer cylinder through which
a split pin is passed into the groove, and so prevents the joint in question falling
apart from the upper limb when not kept in place by the water thrust to which
every limb is subject.
In joints not requiring lateral motion an elliptical arrangement with split pin may
form the junction of the spherical joint to its upper limb. In the shoulder, lateral
motion is obtained by widening the slot in which the upper arm works.
Steel balls or rollers are introduced in the stomach sphere to support the hemi-
sectors by means of which the thighs work. Similar balls or rollers are also used
in the shoulders or such joints where the inner sectors cannot be supported by pivots,
the inner spherical portion of the joint in question working on or against the steel
balls. The limb of the dress is thus able to resist the water thrust without the friction
known to exist in the simple ball and socket joint.
The diving dress is provided with a pair of gloves, the fingers of which are jointed
to correspond with the joints of the human fingers, thus ensuring a considerable
freedom in grasping articles and handling working tools. It is obvious that where
less facility for grasp is required, the number of joints in the glove may be
diminished and if desired the fingers may all be united in a single piece like a mit,
the thumb alone being separately jointed.
To prevent leakage at the joints a lining skin is provided which consists of an
elastic substance laid in a groove cut in the outer or inner sphere of the joint or
which is secured thereto by chemical, electrical or other suitable means. This skin
occupies the space between the two working surfaces of a joint and any pressure
of water on the exposed edge thereof only tends to compress or thicken the same
and more effectually fill up the space. To prevent opening of the joints of the dress
when out of the water by reason of removal of the pressure from the divided outer
sphere of the joint suitable clasps are provided which hold or retain the differents parts
or halves thereof together.
The shoulder may be further strengthened to resist the back thrust of the arm by
means of projecting brackets, and in the event of its being found advisable to make
the outer sphere of the shoulder as a separate part, it can be secured from side shifting
by means of pins projecting from the body of the dress passing through pin holes
in the brackets and be keyed up.
These pins will have little or no strain on them as they are only required to keep
the outer shoulder sphere from opening while the diver is being let down into, or being
taken out of the water, at which time the joint is relieved of the great water pressure
which tends to keep everything in position and sets up such an amount of friction as
to prevent any side shift.
It is obvious that my said invention may be modified to a certain extent in carrying
the same into practice without departing from the nature thereof.
Dated this 26th day of February 1890.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Diving Dresses.
1, WILLIAM CAREY C.B. of 15 Anglesea Place, Southampton, in the County of
Hants, Colonel Royal Artillery, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to diving dresses and is designed to improve the construction
and increase the efficiency of the same.
Heretofore diving dresses have usually been constructed in such a manner that,
when the diver is in the dress one or more additional weights are required to cause
him to sink in the water; moreover such dresses have ordinarily been so made that
the pressure of air within the diving dress has had to be maintained equal to that of
the water on the exterior of the dress. Consequently with the diving dresses hitherto
constructed the diver himself when working at great depths, is subjected to very
heavy pressure the dress affording no protection to him in this respect. And the
diver's movements in the water are greatly impeded by his dress and by the additional
weight or weights used for causing the dress with the diver therein to descend in the
water.
My present invention is designed to facilitate the carrying out of submarine
operations that is to say, to enable divers to work with safety at greater depths and
for longer periods than has hitherto been practicable and to move in the water with
greater ease and comfort than heretofore.
For this purpose I construct my improved diving-dress on the same principles as
those on which the shell of the lobster or crab is formed. In other words so
construct the diving dress that the weight thereof with the diver in it will be equal, or
approximately equal to the weight of the water displaced thereby. Therefore my
improved diving dress, though sufficiently buoyant to float by itself on the surface of
the water will when the diver is in the dress be caused by his weight in addition to
its own to sink in the water provided the diver remains motionless. The diver can,
however, by moving his limbs as required rise in the water or travel through the same
in any desired direction the weight of the limb casings be so proportioned that when
either limb is raised by muscular action the corresponding limb-casing will rise by its
own buoyancy.
Moreover I so construct my improved diving dress that it will withstand very
high external pressure, thus obviating the necessity for introducing air under
similar pressure into the dress. The pressure of the water is therefore borne not by
the body of the diver, but entirely by the dress itself.
My diving dress is made with peculiarly constructed spherical joints whereby the
separate parts of the dress are united in such a manner that the diver can freely use
his limbs, and which are so constructed that the outer spheres of the said joints,
which are formed in separate halves or parts will be firmly closed and held together
by the external pressure of the water, and very light clasps or fastenings of any
convenient shape or form, will serve for retaining them in place when the diver is out
of the water. Each of these spherical joints is so constructed and arranged that its
axis or centre is coincident or approximately coincident with the joint of the diver's
body to which it corresponds.
Another feature of my said invention is the construction of the diving dress in such
a manner that the head-piece or helmet and the trunk or body portion extending to
the stomach of the diver are or may be formed in a single piece, whereby a considerable
increase in capacity is secured and a storage of air is obtained sufficient to enable the
diver to breathe for a considerable time in the event of injury to the air-tubes.
Another feature of my said invention is the arrangement of the inner spherical
portion of the joint to work on pivots formed upon the interior of the outer spherical
portion thereof thus obviating the mechanical difficulties arising from the introduction

page_text: of such pivots from the outside through a pivot-hole and the consequent liability to
leakage and other defects.
My improved diving dress may be constructed of aluminium-bronze or other suitable
metal or material, of sufficient strength to resist the pressure of the water to which it
is to be subjected. The limb-casings are also constructed to be buoyant or nearly
buoyant so that, on the diver raising his hand arm or leg, the corresponding limb
casing of the dress will rise or tend to rise by reason of its buoyancy, the diver being
thus relieved from any strain in lifting or overcoming the weight of the same.
The
movements of the diver are thus greatly facilitated.
The water pressure to be resisted (which is of course dependent on the depth at which
the diver is to work) together with the metal selected determines the thickness of the
metal, which to ensure the required buoyancy, must be suitably proportioned for the
different parts of the dress being greatest in the largest part and least in the smallest
tubular pieces forming the finger tips of the glove hereinafter described.
My said invention moreover comprises other improvements hereinafter set forth.
In the accompanying drawings I have shown how my said invention may be
conveniently and advantageously carried into practice.
Figures 1 and 2 are side views showing my improved diving dress in use and
indicating the angles through which the limbs can be moved.
Figures 3 and 4 are front views of the said dress showing the arms in different
positions.
Figures 5 and 6 are vertical central sections of my improved diving dress, the
sections being taken on planes at right angles to each other.
Figures 7, 8, 8, and 9 show respectively front side and rear views of the
knee piece.
Figure 10 is a front view and
Figure 11 is a side view of the shoulder piece by which the arm casing or cover is
secured to the body of the dress.
Figure 12 is a side view of a shoulder piece adapted to permit a different degree of
play of the arm.
Figures 13, 14, 14ª, 15, and 16 are views of the elbow joint showing different
arrangements of the same for a relative motion of 63° or 90° respectively.
Figures 17 to 23 show views of different forms of a glove or hand covering for use
in connection with my improved diving dress.
Figures 24 to 27 show views of the joint for the ankle with the boot attached.
Figures 28 and 29 show another form of shoulder piece designed with the same
object and those shown in Figures 10 and 11.
A is the upper part of the diving dress which combines in a single suitably
shaped structure, preferably of cylindrical form with a hemispherical top the helmet
and body portion. B is the stomach portion which serves as a covering for the lower
part of the body. CCare respectively the upper and lower arm casings. D D are
the shoulder portions which form parts of the joints whereby the arm casing C are
secured to the part A. E E' represent respectively the upper and lower portions of
the leg covering with which are combined a spherical knee joint F, and ankle joint G,
and a shoe H attached to the said ankle joint. I is a glove or hand casing secured to
the arm casing C.
The upper or main portion A of the dress is preferably formed in halves, as
shown in Figures 1 and 2 the edges of which abut against each other and which are
held together by suitable clasps A¹. This construction is designed to facilitate the
putting on and the removal of the said main portion or body A, and may also be
applied to the arm and leg casings and to other portions of the dress, the separate
parts being united by butt-joints secured by clasps or the like in any convenient
manner or form.
The length of the said upper portion A may be diminished, if desirable, provided
that the shape thereof be also at the same time varied so as to give the required
buoyancy. This latter is preferably done by making the back of the dress elliptical
both in vertical and horizontal section.

page_text: The leg coverings composed of the upper and lower portions E E' are secured to
the body of the dress as shown in Figures 1 to 4 and on an enlarged scale in
Figures 5 and 6 by means of spherical joints fixed in the stomach portion B which
portion is composed of a spherical flange or enlargement B' at the lower extremity
of the body A to which is secured by means of clasps or other suitable con-
nections B³ B³ a hemispherical portion B² in which is fitted an inner sector of a
sphere which is divided into two parts E² E³. The leg coverings E of the dress
are secured respectively to these parts E* E³.
To-and-fro motion of the legs is permitted by elongated openings or slots B*
formed in the part B2 the water being prevented from entering the said openings
by the parts E2 E³ and by a waterproof lining E' of thin indiarubber or other elastic
and suitable material between the inner and outer parts of the joint, the portions E* E³
working on the pivots B³. To diminish the friction between the parts E2 E" and the
portion B as well as to prevent the said parts being thrust inwards by the water
pressure I secure within the latter between the said parts a semi-circular roller path Be
by means of suitable studs, screws or scrow-bolts B' and 1 form upon the adjacent
edges of the parts E2 E³ suitable roller-paths E' and I place between the said roller
paths as shown in cup shaped recesses formed therein a series of balls E. These balls
are free to rotate upon their axes each on its own recess independently of one another
during the motion of the parts and serve to supplement the aforesaid pivots B³.
The knee joint F more clearly shown in Figures 7 to 9 is a spherical joint
comprising an outer portion F4 secured upon the upper or thigh covering, and an
inner spherical portion F¹ secured upon the lower part of the leg-casing. The
slot or opening F2 is carried up at the rear of the said joint, as in Figure 8, to
permit the bending motion of the leg. The inner part of the joint bears upon
a pivot F³ preferably formed integrally upon the interior surface of the part F,
motion of the two parts relatively to one another being thus permitted. The ankle
is in a similar manner provided with a spherical joint by which it is connected to the
foot covering L or shoe which may be of any convenient form.
Each of the shoulder pieces D which are of spherical form serves as the outer portion
of a spherical joint by which the upper portions C of the arm casing are united to the
trunk of the dress A. One half of these shoulder pieces may be secured to or formed
upon each of the halves of the body of the diving dress or be made separate
and secured to the body and to the brackets D³ Figures 28 29, the two halves of the
said shoulder piece being caused to enclose an inner sector of a sphere D' as shown
on an enlarged scale in Figures 10 to 12. D2 is a slot channel or opening of suitable
dimensions formed as shown in the outer portion of the joint, to permit the motion of
the arm casing C and to allow of the diver moving his arm to and fro. Water is
prevented from entering this slot or opening by the spherical sector Di which is or
sufficient extent to close the same in whatever position the arm D may be moved in
the slots D'. To diminish the friction between the fixed and movable parts of the
joint, a number of rollers or balls J are provided as shown which are arranged
between the same and rotate during the relative motion of the parts. The clearance
between the outer and inner spherical portions of the joint is made watertight by
means of a thin layer of india-rubber or the like placed in a recess or groove J' in
the outer portion of the joint or otherwise secured thereto. The projection or enlarge-
ment D' is preferably secured to the arm casing C by means of a joint which will
allow of the motion of the arm casing around its axis while holding the same securely
upon the said projection. This joint, as all others, is designed on the principles laid
down in Patent 4467 of 21st March 1890 and 6494 of 28th April 1890, fully detailing
my metal flexible joint which was obtained in designing this dress, and which
principles they one and all severally contain in a more or less degree according to
the particular work required of them.
When the outer shoulder coverings are made separate from the body or for the
purposes of securing the shoulder pieces more firmly to the dress and for supporting
the strains thereof I sometimes provide the said shoulder piece with projections D
as shown (Figures 28 and 29) which are clamped to the body of the dress and

page_text: serve as brackets or supports. The said piece D³ where it is secured to the dress is
provided with recesses or perforations D* into which suitable pins or bolts projecting
from or through the body of the dress are adapted to enter.
The elbow joint K of the arm casing C shown in Figures 13 to 16 and the
joints of the wrist and of the fingers of the glove I are all formed by enclosing
within a spherical enlargement on one of the parts to be connected, a similar but
smaller spherical flange or enlargement on the other part somewhat resembling the
improved coupling described in the aforesaid Specification No. 4467. By varying the
size of the opening or slot in the outer sphere of the joint the extent of motion of
the one part relatively to the other either in a forward or lateral direction may
be varied as desired. Thus in Figures 13 and 14 the dimensions of the slots or
opening K✶ are such as permit the parts to move relatively to one another through
an angle of about sixty degrees while in Figures 15 and 16 I have shown a
special arrangement of elbow joint to permit about ninety degrees of motion. In this
latter case the inner portion of the spherical joint instead of being composed like
the joint of the shoulder piece D shown in Figures 1 and 2 is formed of one or
more sectors of spheres K' K2 K3 working on a common pivot K* fitting one
within the other as shown and provided at their edges with recesses L' L' L³ filled
with thin indiarubber or other suitable elastic material secured preferably in the
said recesses or in any other convenient manner for the purpose of forming a
watertight joint between the sectors. The sectors slide one over the other when
the arm is moved and so permit of a considerable degree of motion without
forcing the upper segment K' against the arm of, the diver, suitable stops or pro-
jections being provided to limit the motion of the said sectors. In the hand
covering or glove shown at I in Figures 17 to 20 provision is made for allowing of
the motion of the wrist joint by means of the spherical joint I' pivoted at 12. The
casing of the thumb is likewise provided with similar joints to permit the motion
thereof there being a joint in the casing corresponding with each joint in the
thumb. The palm of the hand is enclosed in a portion I³ which moves around
the pivot 12 and is provided at its other extremity with a spherical joint as shown,
the pivot of the said joint being shown at I. This joint carries a casing or shell M
which is adapted to enclose the fingers, the back of this shell or casing answering
to the back of the fingers being of an arched or domed form as shown in the
drawings which permits of the fingers being moved therein to prevent cramp besides
adding considerably to the strength of, and giving buoyancy to the casing. To
facilitate the putting on of the glove or hand cover the same is formed preferably in
sections secured together by suitable clasps M' while suitable recesses M² are provided
around the edges of the openings in the spherical joints filled with indiarubber or
other elastic material.
In Figures 21 to 23 I have shown a form of my improved hand covering wherein
each of the fingers is provided with a separate and independent covering or casing N
constructed with joints corresponding with the joints of the fingers resembling that of
the thumb shown in Figures 17 to 20. These joints are constructed in a similar
manner to the spherical joints herein before described but differ from them in being
provided with flattened sides N' as shown to obviate the difficulty which would exist
with complete spheres by reason of the large amount of space they would occupy
between the fingers. Figures 21 and 23 show the glove or hand covering in its
closed position, that is, in the position for grasping or taking hold of articles. The
hammers and other tools used by the divers are preferably provided with enlarged or
specially formed handles to correspond with the shape of fingers and to facilitate the
grasping of the same by the hand covering.
Turning or twisting motion of the casings or coverings connected by the spherical
joints is provided for where necessary by forming the connection between the
spherical joints and the parts to which they are secured in such a manner as to permit
the rotation or partial rotation of the same relatively to one another. This is
preferably attained as indicated in connection with the elbow joints by connecting
the parts by a tubular piece O formed on or firmly secured to the spherical joint and

page_text: adapted to enter the extremity of the portion of the covering or casing C which is to
be secured thereto. An annular groove O¹ is formed respectively upon the tubular
piece O and upon the interior of the casing to be connected therewith. Two holes or
perforations P, P, permit the insertion of a suitable pin or the like through the said
holes tangentially into the said annular grooves thus securely locking the casing
and the tubular portion together while permitting of their rotation relatively to one
another.
In the knee joint shown in Figures 7, 8 and 9 since relative turning motion of the
parts is not necessary the pin or the like by which the joint is connected to the thigh
covering is passed through the two holes P, P, (Figure 8) in the extremity of the
said thigh covering and enters the short slot or groove O2 in the cylindrical piece O
(Figure 8).
The shoe H shown in Figures 24 to 27 is secured to a joint H¹ of the kind herein-
before described pivoted at H2 to the lower portion of the leg casing E' and serves to
relieve the foot of water pressure.
Balls or rollers for supporting the movable parts may be used in all joints where the
inner sectors cannot be conveniently supported by pivots or where it is desired to
diminish the friction of the moving parts, the said balls being employed in a manner
substantially similar to that described for the shoulder and hip-joints or stomach
portion of the dress. The limb of the dress is thus able to resist the water thrust
without the friction of the simple ball-and-socket or spigot joint.
The outer spherical portions of the joints are preferably formed in halves secured
together by suitable clasps or by an annular or zone-like metal band adapted to fit
around the same and held in position by means of pins or otherwise.
The great pressure of the water tends to keep everything in position and sets up
an amount of friction sufficient to prevent any lateral displacement of one part
relatively to another, and further ensures freedom from leakage.
The waterproof arrangement for the joints consists of an elastic substance placed
and secured on or in one of the bearing surfaces of the said joint, a slightly greater
thickness of indiarubber or other elastic material being inserted in the clearance space
between the working and bearing surfaces than is absolutely needed to fill the same
thus ensuring the closing thereof, and preventing the passage of fluid through the
same. The pressure to ensure this may be so slight as not to exceed a few ounces on
the square inch and need not be such as to interfere with the working of the joint
through setting up unnecessary friction.
Air is supplied to the diver by means of the pipes Q, Qone of which serves to
admit air to the interior of the diving dress while the other serves to convey the
waste air therefrom. These pipes may be arranged as shown in Figures 1 and 2 or
otherwise as may be found convenient so as to allow of a continuous circulation of
air to the diver. Ordinary air tubing will be found sufficient for use in shallow water
but when the diver descends to depths at which the external water pressure on these
air tubes or pipes is greater than the normal air pressure supplied, the said tubing
will gradually close or collapse thus cutting off the air supply. To prevent risk of
this kind pipes of metal or other material sufficiently strong to resist such outward
pressure must be employed and such pipes being preferably constructed substantially
in the manner set forth in the Specification of my application for Letters Patent
No. 4467 of 1890. Thus as all pressure of the water is borne by the diving dress
and by the said pipes it is not necessary to supply air at a high pressure and the diver
is relieved from all inconvenience arising, either from the pressure of the water or
from the pressure of the air and a constant supply of air at the ordinary atmospheric
pressure is ensured. And as such metal tubing is made buoyant, weight may be
discarded as an obstacle to the diver's movements.
Further, instead of supplying air to the diver as before said, a suitable apparatus
for renovating the air, as breathed, by chemical means or otherwise may be carried in
the body or back of the dress by increasing the size thereof and so providing the
increased buoyancy necessary to overcome the extra weight of the said air renovating
apparatus by which means all connection with a vessel on the surface of the water by

page_text: air tubing may be dispensed with and all inconvenience and impediment arising from
the use of air tubing to the movements of a diver will also be obviated and in fact
entirely removed.
The improved diving dress constructed substantially as described will by its
buoyancy enable a diver to work in deep water without experiencing inconvenience
by reason of the pressure and will moreover enable the diver to move and swim as
freely as a lobster, crab or other shell-fish, and will be watertight in all its parts.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I wish it understood that in
this my present application for Letters Patent I make no claim for my improved
spherical or cylindrical joints or couplings except when they are used in combination
with the other parts of a diving dress, as such spherical and cylindrical joints or
couplings form the subject of the aforesaid application for Letters Patent filed by me
on the 21st March A.D. 1890 No. 4467; but I claim :-
First. A diving dress so constructed that, whilst capable of floating in water without
the diver it will with the diver in it be sufficiently heavy to sink in the water without
the use of any additional weight.
Second. A diving dress wherein the capacity of the different parts is so proportioned
relatively to their weight that they are sufficiently buoyant to enable the diver to
move his limbs without undue exertion.
Third. A diving dress constructed of metal the thickness of which is so proportioned
that the weight of the dress with the diver therein will be the same or approximately
the same as that of the water displaced thereby as above specified.
Fourth. A diving dress which is so constructed that it will effectually resist the
external pressure of the water and each portion of which is sufficiently buoyant to
ensure its following the movements of the body or one or other of the limbs of the
diver as above specified.
Fifth. A diving dress so constructed that, undue pressure of air as well as water
pressure is removed from the diver who is thereby relieved from inconvenience
arising from the great pressure of air to which he would be subjected in an ordinary
diving dress.
Sixth. The combination, with a diving dress, of metallic pipes so constructed that
they will resist the external pressure of the water without the internal support usually
afforded by the compression of the air substantially as set forth.
Seventh. The combination, with a diving-dress, of buoyant and flexible air-pipes
constructed substantially as described in the Specification of my application for
Letters Patent No. 4467 of 1890.
Eighth. The combination of a diving dress of the air-pipes O, O shown in Figures 1
and 2, one for the supply and the other for the discharge of air at or about the normal
atmospheric pressure, substantially as described.
Ninth. A diving dress so constructed that by reason of its buoyancy it admits of
the use of apparatus for renovating the air within it by chemical or other means, the
air-tubes being dispensed with, substantially as described.
Tenth. A diving dress wherein all the relatively movable parts are connected by
spherical joints having their centres of motion coincident, or approximately coincident
with the joints of the diver's body with which they correspond, substantially as, and
for the purposes set forth.
Eleventh. A diving dress wherein the helmet or head piece and the trunk or body
piece are formed as a single part of the dress, substantially as, and for the purposes,
set forth.
Twelfth. A diving dress wherein the limb casings are united to the body casing by
spherical joints provided with anti-friction rollers or balls, substantially as, and for
the purposes set forth.
Thirteenth. A diving dress the relatively movable parts of which are connected by
spherical joints having internal pivots, and for the purposes above specified.
Fourteenth. A diving dress having parts thereof formed in halves or sections

page_text: which are united by clasps or other fastenings and which will be held together
by the external pressure of the water, substantially as, and for the purposes, set
forth.
Fifteenth. In a diving dress the combination of a spherical or universal joint and
a rotary or cylindrical joint for connecting two parts of the said dress, substantially
as, and for the purposes, set forth.
•
Sixteenth. In a diving dress a spherical joint comprising a slotted outer sphere
secured to one part of the dress and an inner sector of a sphere pivoted in the outer
sphere and secured to another part of the dress which works in the slot in the said
outer sphere, substantially as, and for the purposes, set forth,
Seventeenth. A diving dress, in which for the purpose of reducing the water
pressure or thrust on the movable portion of the joint of each limb to the smallest
possible amount with due regard to the capability of flexible motion of this limb, the
said limb is caused to work in a slot or opening cut in the outer covering of the joint,
substantially as set forth.
Eighteenth. In a diving dress the employment of a spherical joint of the kind
herein before described, having the slot in its outer portion made as small as possible
consistent with free motion of the limb working in the said slot, for the purpose of
diminishing the pressure upon the inner portion of the said joint to the smallest
possible amount, substantially as described.
Nineteenth. In a diving dress the employment of a spherical joint of the kind
hereinbefore described provided with pivots or ball-bearings for the purpose of
diminishing the friction between the moving parts to the smallest possible amount,
substantially as set forth.
Twentieth. The improved diving dress constructed substantially as described with
reference to the accompanying drawings, for the purposes above specified.
"
1000
WM. CAREY, C.B., Colonel R.A.,
15, Anglesea Place, Southampton.
Haseltine, Lake & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.