AN IMPROVED COMBINATION STEAM ENGINE
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Hermann Howaldt of Dietrichsdorf, near Kiel, in the
Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire, Engineer, for an Invention of AN
IMPROVED COMBINATION STEAM ENGINE.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Hermann Howaldt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st December 1883.
HERMANN HOWALDT of Dietrichsdorf, near Kiel, in the Kingdom of Prussia,
German Empire, Engineer, AN IMPROVED COMBINATION STEAM ENGINE.
The object of the invention is to utilize in steam-engines the heat and power
of high-pressure steam to the best advantage, and it is carried into effect by
combining two or more pairs of cylinders working according to Woolf's principle
in such manner, that the second and third and the fourth and fifth cylinders and
so on will work according to the Compound principle.
The first and smallest cylinder, of a set of two pairs arranged alongside of each
other, receives live-steam and delivers its exhaust-steam to the second cylinder
which is of larger diameter. After having worked herein the steam escapes into
a chamber, the receiver, where it may be reheated by live-steam or by the hot
gases of the boiler-furnaces. At the right moment the steam from the receiver
enters the third cylinder of larger diameter than the second cylinder. The exhaust-
steam of this third cylinder enters the fourth which is of still larger diameter than
the third, delivering its exhaust-steam into the open air, or into the condenser,
or otherwise according to the construction of the engine. When a third set of
Woolf-cylinders are used the exhaust-steam of the fourth cylinder passes into
a receiver, whence it works in the fifth and in the sixth cylinder and then escapes
into the air, the condenser or otherwise as the case may be.
The piston-rods of all the cylinders are connected to cranks of the same main-
shaft. The cranks of the first pair of cylinders stand at an angle of 180° or 0° to
each other, as also do the cranks of each other pair and each pair of cranks stand
[Price 6d1

page_text: to the cranks of the next pair of cylinders at an angle of 90° when the set has
two pairs of cylinders. They stand at an angle of 60° and 120° respectively to
the cranks of the following two pairs of cylinders when the set has three pairs of
cylinders, and so forth.
The valve-gear as well as the slide-valves of the cylinders may be of any suitable
construction but the trapezoid slide-valves of the applicant which form the subject
of a separate application are very suitable for the purpose.
The arrangement of the cylinders to each other and to the shaft may be varied
according to circumstances and requirements
The cylinders may also be jacketed.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Hermann Howaldt in the Patent Office on the 30th June 1884.
HERMANN HOWALDT of Dietrichsdorf near Kiel in the Kingdom of Prussia,
German Empire, Engineer—“ AN IMPROVED COMBINATION STEAM ENGINE
The object of the invention is to utilize in steam engines the heat and power
of high pressure steam to the best advantage and thereby to save fuel; and it is
carried into effect by combining two or more pairs of cylinders working after
Woolfs principle in such manner that the second and third and the fourth and fifth
cylinders will work according to the Compound principle.
In the accompanying Drawings I is the smallest cylinder working with live
steam of six and more atmospheres-II is the larger cylinder of a Woolf Engine
with a slide valve c between them; III is the smaller, but larger than II, and IV
the larger cylinder of a second Woolf Engine with an interposed slide valve d
similar to the above mentioned one.
II and III are contained within the receiver X which may be heated in well
known manner by live steam or by the hot gases of the furnace-All the cylinders
may be steam jacketed and covered with non-conducting material.
The cranks of the cylinders I and II as well as those of III and IV are placed
opposite each other at an angle of 180° and those of the first pair of cylinders
to those of the second pair at an angle of 90° as shewn in the diagram Figure 3.
The steam enters I at a¹ and leaves it at 6'-This exhaust steam enters II at a*
and leaves it at 6' and passes into the receiver ✗. From there the steam enters III
at a leaving it at 63 and entering IV at at. Finally the exhaust steam escapes
through b' into the open air or into a condenser or otherwise
"
The four cylinders form therefore two pairs of Woolf Engines I and II and
III and IV of which II and III are united after the compound principle-hence
I call such an engine a
Combination Engine"
It must be remarked that, if found necessary, more than two pairs of cylinders
can be made use of; for instance three pairs may be employed. Then in addition
to the receiver X for the cylinders II and III a second receiver will be employed
for the cylinders IV and V. In such case the cranks of the different pairs of
cylinders are placed to each other at an angle of 120° or 60° while the cranks
of the cylinders of each pair are placed opposite to each other (at an angle of 180°)
or in the same direction (at an angle of 0°) as shown in diagrams Figure 4. The
steam should have a greater pressure (10 atmospheres or more) than when using
two pairs of cylinders.
In the Drawings are shown two slide-valves of different construction-The
reason of this is that it is desired to demonstrate that any suitable construction
will answer-The slide valve d between cylinders III and IV is of the common
well known D-slide type; the other c between cylinders I and II is a new trapezoid
slide valve forming the subject of separate Letters Patent granted to me dated
December 31** 1883 N° 5943.
The arrangement of the cylinders in relation to each other and to the driving
shaft may be varied according to circumstances and requirements
Having now particularly described the nature of my said invention and the
manner of carrying the same into effect I would have it understood that what
I claim is,
First The combination engine consisting of two or
Engines I, II; III, IV; and so on, of which only the
steam which expands in the successively larger cylinders
more pairs of Woolf-
cylinder I receives live
II, III, IV, and so on,

page_text: of which the cylinders II, III or IV, V are united by a receiver X which may be
heated after the compound principle; and of which the cranks of the cylinders
forming a pair as I, II-III, IV and so on are placed opposite to each other at an
angle of 180° or 0° while the cranks of the pairs are placed at an angle of 90° to
each other when two pairs are used and at an angle of 120° or 60° when three
pairs are used, substantially as herein shown and described.
Second. In such Combination Engine a number of cylinders I, II, III, IV and
so on in combination with steam jackets and with a receiver X which may or
may not be heated by live steam or hot furnace gases, substantially as herein shown
and described
Third In such Combination-Engine the employment of only one slide valve
of any suitable construction between the two cylinders I, II-III, IV and so on,
of each pair
In witness whereof I the said Hermann Howaldt have hereunto set my hand
and seal this Tenth day of June One thousand eight hundred and eighty four.
HERMANN HOWALDT. (L.S.)