AN IMPROVEMENT APPLICABLE TO ROLLS FOR ROLLING IRON OR OTHER METALS
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the
Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT APPLICABLE TO ROLLS FOR ROLLING IRON OR
OTHER METALS" A communication
Sealed the 15th January 1858, and dated the 4th September 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th September 1857.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT APPLICABLE TO ROLLS FOR
ROLLING IRON OR OTHER. METALS," to be as follows:-
The object of the present improvement is to keep the journal of the rolls
as near as possible the same temperature as the body of the rolls when rolling
metals in a heated state, and at the same time produce a proper lubricating of
the journals when in a heated state, without rendering the rolls liable to break.
And the improvement consists in the use and application of heated water to
the journals of the rolls in which hot metals cause the rolls to heat for the
purpose of keeping the temperature of the journals of the rolls as near the
temperature of the heated portion or body of the rolls as possible, to prevent

page_text: the rolls from breaking at that part where the journals are united to the body
of the rolls when the journals and body of the rolls are different temperatures,
which is the case when the journals are kept cold, with any of the ordinary
methods of lubricating while the body of the roll is hot. At the same time
the journals of the rolls while in the heated state are lubricated without
rendering them liable to break.
In carrying out the Invention I propose to cause the hot water to fall or
be thrown on to the journals in a shower or jets; but I do not mean to confine
myself to any particular plan of applying the water to the journals.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patents, filed
by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 4th March 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Edward Newton, Her special license that I, the said William
Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT APPLICABLE TO ROLLS FOR ROLLING IRON OR OTHER METALS,"
being a communication from abroad; upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said William Edward Newton, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the

page_text: following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
This Invention as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent relates
to a mode of keeping the journals of rolls used for rolling metals as nearly as
possible to the same temperature as the body of the rolls when they are
employed in rolling metals in a heated state, and at the same time producing
a proper lubricating of the journals when in a heated state, without rendering
the rolls liable to break.
The improvement consists in the use and application of heated water to
the journals of the rolls, by which means they are kept as nearly as possible
to the temperature of the body of the rolls when heated by contact with the
red-hot metal under operation, and thus the rolls are prevented from breaking
at that part where the journals are united to the body of the rolls. By this
Invention the journals of the rolls are effectually lubricated, and with the
improvement other important advantages to be hereafter mentioned are
obtained.
In rolling out wrought iron and particularly sheet metal of all kinds which
is required to be in a heated state during the operation of rolling to render it
as easy to roll as possible; it is customary to stop operations and permit the
rolls to cool, as it requires too much power to operate the rolls when in a
heated state, and subjects them to breaking for reasons before mentioned ;.
owing to the great stress on the rolls when in operation, and for the want of
some suitable material that would lubricate the journals of the rolls without
burning by the heat attracted to the journals from the body of the rolls,
together with that produced by the friction on the journals of the rolls by their
own operation. It is also a common thing at rolling mills to use cold water
on the journals of the rolls to prevent them from. heating, to obviate the diffi-
culties above mentioned, and prevent burning the lubricating material; but
the use of cold water causes the journal to break off. with the immense stress
they are subject to, particularly in rolling sheet metal, owing to the journal
being made comparatively cold while the body of the roll is quite hot, which
produces a reaction in the particles of the metal of the rolls where the
journals or neck of the rolls are united to the body of the roll, or that portion
of it used and made hot in rolling the iron; and many have tried to obviate
the difficulty of the rolls breaking as mentioned above, by using as little cold
water as possible in connection with some good lubricating mixture or material,
but no success worthy of practical notice has as yet been attained. Thus, owing
to the heating of the journals, continuous working is rendered impossible, and
a loss of time which may be estimated at from twenty-five to thirty per cent.

page_text: more or less, on the working day is occasioned, besides an excessive cost in
wear and tear of machinery and lubricating material..
To enable others skilled in the art to apply this improvement, I will
proceed to describe the same by reference to the accompanying Drawing, of
which Fig. 1 represents a front elevation of a pair of sheet rolls, and Fig. 2,
an end view of the same; Fig. 3 is a sectional view of one of the frames in
which the rolls work; and Fig. 4 is a detached roll for illustrating the effect
of the application of the improvement. There is nothing new in the structure
of the rolling machinery, but it is only represented to shew the manner of
applying and operating the improvement.
A, A, represent the framing in which the rolls B, B, work, and which are
furnished with bearing boxes c, d, and e, e, as represented in Fig. 2. The
box d, on the top of the roll is let into the cross piece m, which cross piece m,
is prevented from coming out by fitting into the framing as represented in
Fig. 3. ff, and g, g, are the set screws and handles, employed for adjusting
the rolls B, B, to the required distance apart. The power for operating the
rolls is applied to the end of one of them, which causes the other to revolve
by the friction produced by the contact of the surface of the two rollers, and
by the metal being rolled. h, h, is a pipe passing along and above the foun-
dation plate S, S, and below the lower roll from which there are branch pipes
k, k, projecting up and furnished with stop-cocks to regulate the flow of water,
and the pipes k, k, are bent at the ends, and the bent parts are projected over
the journals of the top roll and perforated with holes, out of which the heated
water flows on to the journals, as is fully represented in Fig. 2; the quantity
admitted to the journals being regulated by the stop-cock J, and the water
runs from the journals of the upper roll to the journals of the lower rolls, and
produces the desired effect on the journals of the lower rolls as well as the
journals of the upper roll; W is the flow of water from journal to journal,
represented in Fig. 2. The pipe h, h, leads from a heating apparatus for
heating the water to the rolls, and it has been found that the hotter the water
is used the better it produces the effect intended, but I do not confine myself
to any particular temperature.
When any of the ordinary methods of lubricating are used (which require
the journals to be kept comparatively cold for the lubricating to have the
proper effect while the body of the roll is hot) a reaction in the particles of
metals is caused at the points R (see Fig. 4) the journals contracting while
the heated body B of the roll expands, and thus fractures are induced at the
part where the journals are united to the roll; but with the use and applica-
tion of hot water the evil is remedied by keeping the temperature of the

page_text: journals of the rolls as near as possible the temperature of the body of the roll
as before stated, and which heated water serves as a lubricator at the same
time, and does not require in connection with it over one-twentieth part of the
lubricating material that is used in the best known method of lubricating the
journals of rolls employed for rolling iron in a heated state.
Having now set forth the nature of the Invention of an improvement
applicable to rods for rolling iron or other metals, as communicated to me
by my foreign correspondent, I wish it to be understood that under the above
in part recited Letters Patent, I do not claim the use of water as a lubricating
substance specially when applied to the journals of rolls in a cold or heated
state; but what I do claim is the use and application of heated water as
before mentioned to the journals of rolls when such rolls are being used for
rolling out metals in a heated state.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the First day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
W. E. NEWTON. (L.S.)