CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MILL FOR GRINDING WHEAT AND OTHER GRAINS
Year: 1851

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PETER
ARMAND LE COMTE DE FONTAINE MOREAU, of No. 24, Boulevard Poissonniere,
Paris, France, and 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Patent Agent, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-fourth day of
March, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one, in the fourteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Peter Armand le Comte de Fontaine Moreau, my exors, admors, and
assigns, Der especial licence, full power, solo privilege and authority, that I,
the said Peter Armand le Comte de Fontaine Moreau, my exors, adñiors,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Peter Armand le Comte de Fontaine
Moreau, my exors, adiñors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in the Islands of
Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and also in all Her said Majesty's
Colonies and Plantations abroad, the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
MILL FOR GRINDING WHEAT AND OTHER GRAINS," communicated to me from

page_text: a certain Foreigner residing abroad; in which said Letters Patent is con-
tained a proviso that I, the said Peter Armand le Comte de Fontaine
Moreau, shall cause a particular description of the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, to be enrolled in Her said Majesty's High
Court of Chancery, within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear..
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Peter Armand le Comte de Fontaine Moreau, do hereby declare that the
nature of the said Invention communicated to me, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, are particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following description thereof, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures therein contained, that
is to say :-
The Invention communicated to me consists,―
Firstly, in certain mechanical arrangements for placing the motive shaft in
a parallel position with respect to the shaft of the mill stones, and for working
the bolting apparatus conjointly with the mill for grinding.
Secondly, in dressing the surfaces of mill stones with channels or cuts,
according to a geometric form and shape, the dimensions of which may
be varied, and in the construction of the eye for producing, when combined
with the preceding improvement, a continual circulation and supply of cold
air over the said surfaces, and thereby grinding corn in a cold state. And,
Thirdly, in a new mode of cleaning and dessicating wheat and other grain.
Figure 1, Drawing 1, represents the plan of a mill with the bolting
and cleaning apparatus in operation.
Figure 2, Drawing II., represents a sectional elevation of the mill through
C, D, Figure 3. Figure 3, Drawing II., is a plan of the mill through a, b,
Figure 2. Figure 4, Drawing II., is a side view of the mill. Figure 5,
Drawing II., represents a sectional elevation of a grinding mill put in motion
by manual power. Figure 6 is a plan of a mill stone, with the adaptation of
the improved system of dressing them. Figure 7, Drawing III., represents
the mill with the cleaning apparatus, which can be used either conjointly with
or separate from the mill. Figure 8, Drawing III., represents the runner for
cleaning. Figure 9, Drawing III., represents the under mill grinder for
cleaning. Figure 10 represents the distributing cleat and bolting cloth. A, in
Figures 1, 2, 4, 5, represents the hopper; B is the spout of the hopper.
C is the eye of the runner; D is a pinion put in motion by the cog wheel I;

page_text: E is the under mill stone; F, cog wheel receiving its motion from the
pinion D, and commanding the pinion G; G, pinion receiving the motion
from the wheel F, and giving the motion to the vertical axis Y'; I is a cog
wheel set in motion by the motive power employed giving the movement to
the pinion D; J, vertical shaft giving the motion to the cog wheel I; K, strap
wheel put in motion by the motive power employed, and serving to put in
movement the cleaning apparatus; L is the beam giving motion to the mill
and machinery. The beam L, as represented in the Drawings 1 and II.,
Figures 1 and 2, is put in motion by animal power. By suitable arrange-
ments two beams L can be placed, or steam employed to work the mill.
M, adjusting screw serving to raise or lower the vertical shaft Y', and
to adjust the runner; N, small wooden screws serving to regulate the incli-
nation of the spout B; 0, pulley placed on the shaft of the cog wheel F, and
set in motion by the strap W₁; P, pulley put in motion by the pinion D;
Q pulley keyed on the shaft R, and put in motion by the pinion D ;
R, vertical shaft on which the cog wheel F is keyed; R', vertical shaft of
the bolting apparatus; S, crane serving to raise the runner H or to take it
down when it requires new dressing or repairing; T, small pulleys with tackle
set on the crane S; U, iron curved hook working in the eyes of the runner H;
U', spout for conducting the flour from the mill stones into the bolter; V, eyes
of the runner H serving to fasten the runner H to the curved hook; U, con-
necting strap of the pulleys; W, pulley fastened to the beam L, on which
passes the rope, and serving to raise or to take down the runner H; W', strap
connecting the pulleys P and O together; X, handles serving to give the
motion to the shaft of the cog wheel F, when the grinding mill is put in
operation by manual power; X', distributing cleat; Y, zinc or tin tube nailed
within the opening of the drum of runner H; Y', shaft serving to put in
motion the mill stones; Z, Z, adjusting screws serving to regulate the position
of the under mill stone E; Z, Z', cast iron or wrought iron plate supporting
the under mill stone E.
The letters in Figure 6, Drawing 11, from A' to T' represent the mode of
dressing the mill stones. The letters from A to W* represent in Figure 1,
Drawing 1, and Figure 7, Drawing III., organs which are similar to those
represented by the letters A to W in Figure 1, Drawing 1, and in Figure3
2, 3, 4, and 5, Drawing II..
The first part of the Invention relates to the improvements in the con-
struction of mills for grinding wheat and other grains. The Figures 3 and 5,
Drawing II., represent a mill having a vertical parellelogram form, and a
wooden frame, which can be constructed also in wrought or cast iron; the lower

page_text: grinding stone is placed horizontally upon a cast iron or wrought iron plate
Z', Z', and is enveloped in a wooden frame supported by wooden legs and cross
wood pieces. Its mechanism is composed of the two vertical shafts J and Y',
having their plummer blocks on cast iron frames, and of another horizontal
shaft R, giving a rotative motion to the cog wheel F and the pinion G, the
said cog wheel I putting in motion the pinion D, having on its horizontal shaft R
the cog wheel F, and this last, catching with the pinion G set on the vertical
shaft Y, gives the movement to the last, on which is fixed the runner II and
the distributing cleat X', and compels them to turn. It is very easy to
understand that by a simple alteration in the gear, every kind of motive
power can be applied to set the mill in motion, as for instance, if the shaft J is
suppressed as well as the cog wheel I and also the part of the frame supporting
them, and if also the pinion D is replaced by a handle X, Figuro 5, which
will put in motion the horizontal shaft R of the cog wheel F, and the vertical
shaft Y set in movement by the pinion or cog wheel G, which receives its
motion from the wheel F, the above described handle X will put in operation
the mill; provided, of course, all the organs be in due proportion to human
power, two handles could be as easily employed.
Another advantage
obtainable from this part of the Invention results from the possibility of
working by the same motive power, within a diameter of about twenty-three
feet, the mill and the cleaning apparatus; by that improvement the several
floors or stories employed for that operation in the best improved mills are
superseded. To obtain that effect it suffices to raise the shafts J and T
Figure 1, Drawing 1, and Figure 2, Drawing II., and Figure 7, Drawing III.,
of the two drum wheels K and R³, and to surround then with the strap V³,
which, being put in motion by the drum wheel K receiving its rotative move-
ment from the shaft L, causes the wheel R² to turn, and this last gives the
motion to the cleaning apparatus.
A mill constructed as herein before described is of a very simple con-
struction; it is portable, and occupies only five feet in length by 3 ft. 5 in width.
In Figure 1, Drawing I., the bolting apparatus is adapted to the mill, and
that operation is carried on simultaneously. A man only is required to work
the mill, Figure 2, Drawing II., he fills the hopper A with the grain intended
to be ground. The mill stones being placed in their proper positions, and
dressed according to the system herein-after described, ho puts the horse to
the beam L, which turns round the mill four or five times per minute. The
pinion D turns twenty-five times per minute under the rotation of the wheel I,
and the wheel F causes the pinion G to rotate one hundred and thirty times
per minute, consequently the runner H or upper mill stone performs the same

page_text: Tho
number of evolutions. During the operations the grain falls from the hopper
A into the spout B, which is regulated by means of the rope or strap receiving
its motion from the small wooden screw N, and thence the grain gets into the
small receiver c, into which it is thrown by the distributing cleat ', which is
made with seven ribs, but can have a smaller or greater number if required.
When in the small receiver c the grain is cut close without being com-
pressed. The produce obtained is a flour or meal, cold and crisp, which
falls immediately, and by the same motion through the spout u into the
bolting apparatus placed by the side of the mill, and which apparatus is regu-
lated by the strap v' having one of its end bracing the pulley Q, and the other
extremity braced over the pulley R set on the shaft R of the bolter.
pulley Q is itself regulated by another strap W', Figure 3, Drawing II.,
having one of its ends braced over the pulley P and the other extremity over
the pulley o. The husk or bran is found in the bolter separated from the
flour by the action of the hammer fixed on the shaft R'. The flour, being
sifted within the compartment of the bolter according to its different qualities,
falls into boxes adapted for that purpose. It is fit for immediate use as it
comes out of the bolting apparatus, being perfectly dry, and does not therefore
require to be kept a certain length of time, or to pass through the drying
rooms to acquire the necessary dryness. With one horse the mill herein-
before described can grind three hundred and forty-four quarters of corn.
The grinding mill stones are about two feet ten inches in diameter; but the
beams L of Figure 1, Drawing I., can be employed, and with the same shaft
J two mills can be worked at once with two horses. The runner is kept at a
greater or a less elevation according to the kind of grain which is to be
ground, and also if it is to be milled into flour or bruised only. Its position is
regulated by means of the regulating screw M, Figures 2 and 5, l'rawing II.,
which raises or lowers the shafts Y' and the said runner H. The three
regulating screws 2,2,2, which are placed under the box in which the under
mill stono E is placed, serve to place the last in its proper position, and to set
it perfectly level. To raise the upper mill stone II when it is necessary to
drop it again or to repair it, S, Figure 4, Drawing II., is a crane, to the
extremity of which is a pulley with an iron strap T hooked at one end to the
hook of the crane, and the other to the curve of the iron curved band v
having its two ends fixed to the two eyes v, v, of the mill stone H. The rope
of the pulleys I, I, passes over the pulley W of the beam L, and in that
When a
manner one man alone is able to raise or to lower the runner II.
man alone works the mill he causes the handle X, Figure 5, Drawing II. and
to turn thirty-five times per minute. That handle puts in motion the wheel F,

page_text: the shaft R, which gives the rotative
This wheel or pinion causes the shaft J
placed as herein-before described on
movement to the wheel or pinion G.
to rotate, and consequently the runner H is put in motion, and turns thirty-
five times in one minute if with a wheel with the same number of cogs as the
wheel F, but more if a pinion is used. It is easy to understand that by
altering the proportions of the wheels F and G the speed of the runner H
can be increased or lessened. The general and accessory operations for
grinding grains can be carried on in the same manner as herein described
when speaking of the other mills, and the same advantages inherent to them
can be obtained by a hand mill constructed as herein-before described.
The second part of the Invention communicated to me relates to the
dressing of mill stone surfaces. Until now all the improvements which have
been made in grinding are but accessories. They consist in more or less
complicated mechanism, or in some additions to the mill stones, such as ven-
tilators, crushers, intended to attenuate or lessen the defects existing in all
the present systems. However, all these combinations, deviating from the path
of nature, have only served to increase the evil, and the grist, being deprived
of the air indispensable to every substance, has become heated, deteriorated;
and depreciated in its value and nature. No one has turned his thoughts to
the produce, and it is on that essential point that the Invention communicated
to me differs so widely from the attempts repeatedly made; the system of
grinding or mode of dressing, herein-after described, being carried on without
any additional organ whatever; but by a rational and geometrical system of
radiating the mill stone, having for object the cutting instead of compressing
the grains, each part of that system performing an intelligent, calculated, and
foreseen operation. It is based on that law of natural philosophy, that the
bodies thrown into space draw with them in their fall double their volume,
within a proportion always in the ratio of the volume of the bodies, and,
therefore, the direct and natural circulation of the air which the upper mill
stone creates by its constant rotation is called into operation; this air, which is
called ambulating air, being constantly created and renewed by the mill stone
itself, furrows this last in all directions on account of the channels, which
present as many natural currents of air, which follow constantly the grain
during the whole of the operation, preventing naturally and without the agency
of additional apparatus the heating from the friction of the silex. It is by
such means that the flour egresses at a temperature similar to that of the grain
when it reaches the mill stone. When the mill stones are perfectly. faced
from the centre A³, Figure 6, Drawing II., a straight line B, C, is drawn, it
divides the surface of the stones into two equal semi-hemispheres from the

page_text: same centre A', a circumference having a diameter of about 4in. 1/15 of an
inch is drawn. At the centre C¹ the point of the compasses is placed, forming
a radius of 2. 1/80 of an inch, and a circumference equal to that of the mill
stone is drawn, that last circumference is in contact with the periphery of mill
stone of the points D' and E', which are drawn by a straight fictive line.
From that point D¹, and taking for basis the straight line E', D', an angle
E, D, F, of seventy degrees is formed; between the point F' and the point
G' a space of about half an inch in width is left, and by one fictive line the two
points F, G, are united. It is what forms the first alimenting channelling
which reaches the periphery of the mill stone. At the point Di its width is
reduced to about 4/6 of an inch, and its depth to about 1/4 of an inch, the
depth of that channelling is 1/12 of an inch, and inclines down the point G₁,
which is on a level with the surface of the mill stone; it is the same all along
the line G, D, and the inclination of the alimentary channelling is from
F¹ to G, and it is through that channelling that the grain to be ground is
introduced. From the point F1 the opening of the mill stone, having for
radius A', F', is divided into twelve equal parts of the point D'; the circum-
ference of the mill stone is also divided into twelve equal parts H, I, J,
and twelve other alimentary channelings similar to the first one are formed; at
a distance of about 7-7/8 of an inch, K¹, L', a channeling which is called
a carrier is drawn, and which being brought to the edge of the stone is parallel
with the alimentary channeling. Between these two, six other equally divided
channelings called receivers are drawn, they are M, N, O, P, Q, R¹, and
are opened in one as well as in the other of the two above-described channel-
ings. Three equally divided channelings are formed between each of the com-
partments S¹, which are opened on the carrier channelings. But not any of
these three are opposite to the receivers M, N, O, P, Q, R'; they are carried
to the periphery of the mill stone. Those three herein-before described chan-
nelings are intended to facilitate the ventilation of the mill stone, and serve
also to disengage the bran from the meal, and, on account of their functions,
they are called separaters. All the channelings must be cut in the shape of
an angle at their bottom, and wider at top. Care must be taken at the same
time that the more they diverge from the centre the less depth they must
have. The shape, number, and names of all the channelings drawn between
each of the alimentary ones having been herein-before described, it is necessary
to show the mill stones in operation, and to assign to each channeling the
task it has to perform. The runner, as well as the under stone, having been
dressed similarly to the other, except, however, with this difference, that the
alimentary channel in the runner H has the shape of a screw in its opening,

page_text: the runner H is placed upon the other.
All the channellings cross cach
other in the middle, as they have the same excentricity, and form between
them an endless screw, which does not allow the grain to escape without being
.cut. When the runner is set in motion the alimentary. channellings are fed
through the screw formed by them at the opening of the mill stone where the
grain is falling. These channellings take hold of the necessary quantity of
grain, and transmit it to the receivers; and when the grain is confined in the
last, it cannot get away without being cut, torn, and reduced to a state of
flour, within a distance of about one and a half inch from the small receiver C.
If some grains were to try to escape they are detained, cut, and torn by the
carrier channellings. It is then that the flour is forced to enter into the
airing channellings, in which it is finished and conducted to the extremity of
the mill stone. A general dressing T¹ is formed on the two thirds only of the
mill stones, serving for the better separation of the bran. It is well to observe
that all the system of grinding herein-before described is carried on oue third
of the centre of the mill stones, consequently the two other thirds of their
circumference are merely applied to polishing the flour, and to give an
additional force to the motive, power instead of destroying it. Such mode of
working is, in fact, but the application of the mechanical principle that nearer
is the fulcrum less power is required. It is well to observe, that. the flour
obtained from the application of the herein-before described system of dressing
the mill stones being constantly impregnated with air, it is entirely preserved
from the wasteing and evaporation to which all sorts of flour are subjected.
By the described system 220lbs. of grain produce 220lbs. of flour; there is,
therefore, a difference of 3lbs. with the usual mode of grinding.
To apply
the phisical phoenomenon of the circulation of air by which the flour is main-
tained constantly cold, the eyes of the mill stones are made very small, instead
of having them as large as it is usual to make them. They are of equal size,
having a diameter of about 4 to 7 inch, according to the diameter of the
mill stones. The plate which surmounts the colar of the under stone E is placed
a little lower that the level of the rays of the said under mill stone, which is left
perfectly, level on all its surface, and to the runner H a proportionate inclination
of about 1/20 to 1/16 of an inch from the centre to the circumference is given.
The hole of the drum is made a little larger in diameter of about 1: than tho
small receiver C, and to it is nailed a zinc or tin pipe Y, shaped as a truncated
cone, having its lower extremity descending, low down in the small receiver of
the runner without preventing however its rotation. It is well to observe, that
the top of the drum must be as near as possible to the runner H: The
outside atmospheric air drawn in by the constant rotative motion of the upper

page_text: mill stone rushes, together with the grain within the pipe Y of the drum, and
thence into the small receiver C, where it is compressed, as represented in
Figure 2, Drawing 11. From the small receiver i. the air acts with more
power in the rays, which are cut in all directions on the mill stones, and
which are as many natural currents crossing each other, the air follows every-
where the grain during the operation, preventing the heating usually resulting
from the friction of the silex, and producing an ambulating current constantly
renewed, and consequently always cold. The system of dressing herein-before
described is applied to the mill stones already at work, whatever may be their
diameter. The surface of the mill stone. requires only to be made 'level, and
the dressing is conducted according to the mode herein-before described. As
for the small receiver and the drum they must be made narrower, and con-
structed also so as to agree perfectly and exactly in every part with the
system of dressing. All the accessory apparatus employed till now, such as
ventilators, crushers, &c., &c., become useless by its operation, and the power
they require is now concentrated on the main working of the mill. It results
therefore that the mill stones work on the whole of the surface without
requiring more power, since they tear instead of compressing, and as the
power which is disengaged from the accessories can be employed, one eighth
more of work is performed than with the other mill stones. It is to be
observed, that by the system herein-before described of cutting the grain
instead of compressing, the dressing of the mill stones does not require to be so
often effected.
•
The third improvement communicated to me, relates to the cleaning and
dessicating of wheat and other grain. That improvement is an indispensable
accessory to the herein-before-described grinding mill, and can be applied
to all sorts of grain. Its great simplicity, the small power required to set it
at work, and the facility to put it in operation by the same power which
is working the grinding mill, renders it a very valuable accessory. It is
only necessary for that purpose to place at the higher extremities of the
shafts J, T, Figure 1, Drawing 1, a drum A, and a pulley P, which puts in
motion the strap V. This drum and pulley are in the proportion required to
give to the cleaning operations all the desirable velocity. The miller feeds the
hopper A2, Figure 7, Drawing III., with wheat or any other grain which falls
into the spout B, being acted upon by the triangle or click clack D³ fixed on
the shaft T of the mill, the grain reacher under the wooden grinders J, F2,
through the opening E. The under grinder F2, Figure 9, of the same
Drawing, is about one foot nine sixteenth of an inch in diameter, and is

page_text: provided with six radii i, j, f, m, t, and v, made of iron wire of about guth of an
inch in diameter, and with also six other radii r, s, t, o, p, q, prepared in the
wood close to the radii in iron wire. They are about one-fourth of an inch in
width and about one-sixth of an inch in depth; they all run from the centre
to the extremity of the periphery, and are fixed on the mill stones by means
of iron screws. The runner J, Figure 8, is provided with the same quanty of
iron wire radii, and they are also fixed in the wood; the diameter: of the
runner J2 is only about one foot one-sixteenth. Four wings a, b, c, d, adopted
to that grinder, gives to it the same diameter as that of the under mill grinder.
Round the runner four brushes, e, f, g, v, one of them between each of the
wings, a, b, c, d, are affixed, they carry the dust away and they bring
conjointly with the wings the said grain to the opening of the pipe k, Figure 7;
at the moment when the grain falls by the opening E³ under the grinders
J2, F, the iron wire radii roll it and bruise the carth or other foreign bodies.
The brushes take away the dust, which is thrown by the four wings a, b, c, d,
with the grain into the pipe K2. At this moment the ventilations produced
by the fan W through the pipe I through away the dirt outside the mill.
From the pipe K the grain conducted to a sieve N, having its meshes in the
shape of a grain of wheat, the sieve N retains the large stones or other large
foreign bodies, and the grain falls on a second metallic cloth 02, which sifts the
whole by means of the triangle or click clack Q2; it is on that cloth that the
sound grain only remains and egresses through the opening M, the bad grain
and the dust fall on a third metallic gauze S³, and is discharged through the
opening C3, as it will be seen from what has been herein-before described. A
small force is required to put in motion the cleaning apparatus, and, notwith-
standing its great simplicity, it cleans perfectly well the grain and separates
all foreign bodies from it, performing at the same time the dessiccation of the
grain. The metallic gauzes employed. for cleaning must have their meshes
varying in diameter according to the kind of grain to be cleaned or, to that
submitted to be dessicated.
And having now. described the Invention communicated to me, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that
I do not confine myself to the precise details, proportions, and forms of the
several organs employed, nor to the modus, operandi as horein-before described,
provided the general features of the said Invention be preserved; but what is
claimed as new and intended to be protected by the herein in part recited
Letters Patent is,―
Firstly, the arrangements of mechanical parts for placing the motive sharft

page_text: parallelly with the shaft of the mill stone as herein-before described, reference
being had to Figure 1, Drawing I., and Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5, Drawing II.;
and Figure 7, Drawing III.
Secondly, the mechanical arrangements for setting conjointly in motion the
bolting apparatus with the mill for grinding as herein-before described,
reference being had to Figure 1, Drawing I., and Figure 3, Drawing II.
Thirdly, the radiating or dressing the grinding surfaces of mill stones with
channels or cuts according to a geomectric scale and form, and the mechanical
arrangements of the eye for producing a continuous current of cold air on the
said grinding surfaces as herein-before described, reference being had to
Figures 2, 5, and 6, Drawing II.
Fourthly, the constructing and arrangements of mechanical parts for setting
in motion with one axis only the cleansing apparaturs as herein-before
described, reference being had to Figures 8 and 9, Drawing III.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Armand Le Comte de Fontaine
Moreau,, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day.
of September, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred.
and fifty-one.
L' DE (L.S.) FONTAINEMOREAU.
0 Taken and acknowledged by Peter
Armand Le Comte de Fontaine
Moreau (party hereto) at Paris, in
the Republic of France, this 22 day
of Santambor 10x1 before ma
William Armand Gilbee, of 4, South Street, Finsbury, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, maketh oath and saith, that he is acquainted with the
manner and character of the handwriting of "Thomas Pickford," Her Bri-
tannic Majesty's Consul at Paris, in the Republic of France; and this
deponent further saith, that the signature "Thomas Pickford," set, subscribed,
or written in the margin of the Specification hereunto annexed, marked A,

page_text: and dated the Twenty-second day of September instant, and purporting to be
executed by Peter Armand Le Comte de Fontaine Moreau, of Paris, France,
& London, England, whereby it is stated that the Specification was acknow-
ledged by him, the said Peter Armand Le Comte de Fontaine Moreau, before
the said "Thomas Pickford," on the said Twenty-second day of September, at
Paris aforesaid, is of the proper handwriting of the said Thomas Pickford."
A