IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PUMPS OR ENGINES FOR LIPTING AND DISCHARGING WATER
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Taylor, of Birkenhead, Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PUMPS OR ENGINES
FOR LIPTING AND DISCHARGING WATER."
Sealed the 17th June 1859, and dated the 18th December 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Taylor at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th December 1858.
I, JAMES TAYLOR, of Birkenhead, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PUMPS OR
ENGINES FOR LIFTING AND DISCHARGING WATER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to barrel pumps, whether two or more barrels be
used in combination, and consists in a novel arrangement of valve chest and
valves. The suction and discharge valves being combined within the same
valve chest by means of two intersecting divisions or partitions through which
the openings or passages are made between the suction and the, discharge.
These openings are covered (in preference) by flap valves, which lay at a
suitable angle, or are held against the respective faces of the partitional or
divisional plates within the valve chest.
The pumps may be single or double acting barrels, and if two are used, one
should be placed on each side of the valve chest, and the suction and-discharge

page_text: opening or ways are common to both sets of valves, and the top and bottom
parts of each barrel in a double action pump would be connected with the
same side of the suction chamber in valve chest, and the air vessell should be
placed above the valve chest, and may be so cast as to form the standard of
the pump, or may be attached to the valve chest.
'
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Taylor in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th June 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
TAYLOR, of Birkenhead, Engineer, send greeting.
: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said James Taylor, Her special licence that I, the said James
Taylor, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said James Taylor, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF PUMPS OR ENGINES FOR LIFTING AND DISCHARGING WATER,'
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James Taylor, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Taylor, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
.statement and accompanying Drawings:-
This Invention relates to barrel pumps, whether two or more barrels be
used in combination, and consists in a novel arrangement of valve chest and
valves. The suction and discharge valves being combined within the same
valve chest by means of two intersecting divisions or partitions, through which

page_text: the openings or passages are made between the suction and the discharge.
These openings are covered (by preference) with flap valves, which lay at a
suitable angle, or are held against the respective faces of the partitional or
divisional plates within the valve chest.
The pumps may be single or double acting barrels, and if two are used, one
should be placed on each side of the valve chest, and the suction and discharge
opening or ways are common to both sets of valves, and the top and bottom
parts of each barrel in a double action pump would be connected with the.
same side of the suction chamber in the valve chest, and the air vessel should
be placed above the valve chest, and may be so cast as to form the standard.
of the pump, or it may be attached to the valve chest.
In the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, I have shewn several views of
my said Invention, as also some modes of applying and working the same.
In Sheet 1, Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional view or sectional elevation of a
double barrel pump with central standard air vessel and valve chest and
valves constructed according to this Invention; Fig. 2 being a sectional plan
between the line A, B, of Fig. 1; and Fig. 3 is a sectional plan taken on the.
line A, C, of Fig. 1. In these views I have, by preference, shewn the
arrangement of valve chest and valves according to my Invention, applied to
vertical double acting barrel pumps to be worked either by hand or by
steam power by means of eccentrics fitted upon the horizontal shaft working
in the double bearing formed upon the top of the air vessel. Instead of
working the two pump pistons by eccentrics, cranks set an angle of 90°
with each other may be employed. Fig. 4 exhibits an end view of a double
barrel single acting pump arrangement, suitable for working with one of my
patent steam winches, in which case I prefer to set the barrels at a suitable
inclination or angle. The position of the barrel of the steam winch is indicated
in this view. Fig. 5 is an elevation or front view of Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is a. plan
view shewing the two single acting trunk plungers and barrels, and the position
of valve chest and air vessels surmounted thereon. In these three views
single acting pumps are shown, trunk plungers being used instead of pistons,"
the passage for suction and delivery being the same; the valve chest con-
taining eight valves, (four on each side of the vertical partition), forming
part of the sole plate or foundation plate, the columnar air vessel being
surmounted by a single bearing for carrying the centre part of the eccentric_
shaft. Fig. 7 is a plan view, and Fig. 8 a vertical section of a valve chest
constructed according to this Invention, in which the four divisional valves
comprised in each set (or eight in all) are shown to an enlarged scale. In
this: Figure is shown the disposition of passages between the pump barrels,

page_text: the full line being the passages from the bottom ports of single acting pump
barrels, whilst the dotted lines illustrate the position, &c. of the additional
The
passages requisite when double acting pump barrels are employed.
positions of the suction and discharge passages are also shown, so that the
action of the water upon the valves, due to the change of the direction of
motion of the pump plunger or piston, is made apparent.
In Figures 4, 5, & 6, a treble suction arrangement is shown on one end of
the valve case or chest, and a single discharge at the opposite end. On the
plan view Fig. 6, the three suction openings are shown; the one lateral branch
may be connected to the after compartment of a vessel divided by watertight
bulkheads, whilst the opposite lateral opening may be connected with the
fore compartment; the central opening may be employed for pumping sea
water. In Figs. 1, 2, & 3, the suction and discharge openings are arranged on
the came end of the valve chest. A three-way piece may be screwed on to
the discharge. The pump shown in views Figs. 4, 5, & 6, may either be
connected with the steam winch as before mentioned, or, by the application of
handles to the driving shaft it may be worked by hand.
Fig. 9 is a front elevation shewing the combination of a double action two
barrel pump constructed according to this Invention with a steam winch;
Fig. 10 being a transverse section of Fig. 9, taken on the line A, B. This
apparatus is suited more particularly for ships' pumps and fire engines, as the
addition of the pump to the steam winch effects a very compact and useful
combination, and without involving any complication, as it can be thrown into
and out of gear by means of a clutch or clutches.
In Sheet 2, Figs. 11, 12, & 13, show views of a hand pump, constructed
according to this Invention, in which two double action pumps are shown
worked by eccentrics fixed upon a horizontal shaft supported in two bearings
formed on top of the air vessel, which is so arranged and constructed as to
form the standard or pillar to which the pumps and the driving apparatus or
machinery are attached. In these views each barrel has a piston or bucket
mounted on a piston rod, the upper end of which rod works vertically up
and down in a guide, whilst motion is communicated from the eccentric by
means of an eccentric strap and sling bars connected to the piston rod by a
short cross head, the three suction and single (or they may be double or
treble) delivery openings being arranged at the same end of the valve case or
chest, but the cock for altering the direction of and regulating the source
from which the suction is drawn, has its plug fitted in and working horizontally
instead of as in Figures 4, 5, & 6, where it is worked vertically. Fig. 11 is
a front elevation; Fig. 12 a side elevation of Fig. 11, one fly wheel. being

page_text: removed; and Fig. 13 is a plan view of Fig. 11. In the several views and
arrangements of pumps, A, A, are the barrels; B, B, the pistors or plungers;
C the standard and air vessel; D the motion shaft; E, E, the eccentrics (or
their equivalents) for converting the rotary motion of the shaft into an alternate
or reciprocating motion; F the valve case or chest; G the suction opening,
and H the discharge opening; I, I, the passages between the pump
barrel A, A, and the valve case or chest F. The valve case or chest F is
divided in its circumference into 4 chambers by means of four plates a, a, a, a,
radiating from a common centre, and where double action pumps are employed
I divide the valve case or chest into two parts in the direction of its length
by a partition or diaphragm b. The lowest of the four divisions of the valve
case or chest is connected with the inlet or suction through a suitable opening
as shown in Fig. 8, whilst the upper division is connected with the discharge
by means of an opening, likewise shown in Fig. 8. Upon the upper faces
of each of the four division plates a, flap valves c of india-rubber or any other
suitable material are fitted so as to perfectly cover the openings or water
passages cast or otherwise formed in and through the division plates a, a, &c.
Thus when the piston, bucket, or plunger rises within the pump barrel, the
water is caused to flow through the suction opening G, filling the lower space
or chamber in the valve case or chest, and also one of the middle or side
spaces of the valve chest or case, the passage I and the pump barrel; all
these being filled, the piston bucket or plunger descends, when the flap valve
over the suction passages in the lower division plate a is instantly closed, and
the flap valve covering the openings in the division plate between the side
space or chamber, and the upper or discharge chamber is forced open by the
downward motion of the piston bucket or plunger, and the contents of the
cylinder or pump barrel thus pass through the passage, and are delivered or
discharged through the opening H. The alternate downward and upward
motion of the pistons, buckets, or plungers in the two pump barrels produce
alternate suction and discharge first on the one side of the valve case or chest
and then on the other, but all the water drawn into either of the pump barrels
or cylinders is drawn through the suction opening G, and in like manner the
water from each of the cylinders is in its turn discharged through the opening
H, whether the pumps are single action or double action; but when two or
more double action pumps are employed, the valve case or chest between each
pair of pumps is extended and divided in its length into two parts, the passages.
between the upper ends of the cylinders or barrels being connected to the side
chambers at one end of the valve case or chest, whilst the passages connected with
the bottom of the cylinders or pump barrels are connected with and open into the

page_text: side chambers at the other end of the valve case or chest; the division of the
length of the valve case or chest into two parts being effected as before
described by means of a transverse partition or diaphragm b. An annular
chamber or belt for the suction is shown at d, in Figs. 1, 9, 10, 11. & 12.
Access to the interior of each valve case, chest, or box is given by means of
moveable cover plates, which, upon being taken off, enable the valves to
be examined or removed, or any obstruction to be cleared therefrom.
Having now described my said Invention of improvements in the con-
struction of pumps or engines for lifting and discharging water and illustrated
the same in the accompanying two Sheets of Drawings; what I claim is
the construction and arrangement of pump valves and pumps as herein
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Taylor, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of June, One, thousand eight hundred
and fifty-nine.
Witness,
JAMES HORNE,
Watson Street, Birkenhead.
JAMES TAYLOR. (L.S.)