IMPROVEMENTS IN BOLTING AND LOCKING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SAFE AND OTHER DOORS."
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Matthias Hart, of Cheapside, in the City of
London, Lock Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BOLTING AND LOCKING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SAFE AND OTHER DOORS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Matthias Hart
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
tho 12th April 1865.
I, JOHN MATTHIAS HART, of Cheapside, in the City of London, Lock
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In
PROVEMENTS IN BOLTING AND LOCKING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SAFE AND OTHER DOORS,"
to be as follows:-
The object of the improvements is to obtain increased security and protection
against the illicit opening of such safe or other doors. For this purpose the
axle of the handle or other mover of the bolt is provided not only with a
follower for following and fixing the bolts, and an arm or surface to give
motion to such bolts, or with a series of such arms or surfaces, to operate a
series of bolts, but also with another arm or surface or series of them to act
upon and place in position a sliding abutwent, or a series of them, for holding
nufacturer,
ereby
PROVEMENTS IN BOLTING AND LOCKING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SAFE AND OTHER DOORS,"
to be as follows:-
The object of the improvements is to obtain increased security and protection
against the illicit opening of such safe or other doors. For this purpose the
axle of the handle or other mover of the bolt is provided not only with a
follower for following and fixing the bolts, and an arm or surface to give
motion to such bolts, or with a series of such arms or surfaces, to operate a
series of bolts, but also with another arm or surface or series of them to act
upon and place in position a sliding abutwent, or a series of them, for holding

page_text: the bolts in position. I form each of the levers (sometimes called tumblers)
of the locks with a series of gatings, and the bolts with corresponding series
of stumps, at various regular or irregular distances apart; and each of these
levers has also other slot openings or notches to receive other stumps from the
bed or other fixed or stationary plate of the lock, so that in the event of the
axis or of any one or more of the stumps being cut or forced away the parts
may still be held together by others of them so as to prevent the withdrawal
of the bolt or bolts. These levers may be of various regular or irregular
shapes. The belly, or that part of each of the levers acted upon by the key
(when the bolt or a series of them is not operated by such key), is formed
with a projection acting as a stop to enable the key to hold the lovers in
position during the locking or unlocking by the means employed to operate
the bolts.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Matthias Hart in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 12th October 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
MATTHIAS HART, of Cheapside, in the City of London, Lock Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date tho Twelfth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said John Matthias Hart, Her special licence that I, the said
John Matthias Hart, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said John Matthias Hart, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, tho Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOLTING AND LOCKING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SAFE
AND OTHER DOORS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John
Matthias Hart, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain tho nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the

page_text: Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Matthias Hart, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
The object of the improvements is to obtain increased security and protection
against the illicit opening of safe or other doors. For this purpose the axle
of the handle or other mover of the bolt is provided not only with a follower
for following and fixing the bolts, and an arm or surface to give motion to
such bolts, or with a series of such arms or surfaces to operate a series of
bolts, but also with another arm or surface, or series of them, to act upon and
place in position a sliding abutment, or a series of them, for holding the bolts
in position. I form cach of the levers (sometimes called tumblers) of the
locks with a series of gatings, and the bolts with corresponding series of
stumps at various regular or irregular distances apart, and each of these levers
has also other slot openings or notches to receive other stumps from the bed
or other fixed or stationary plate of the lock, so that in the event of .e axis
or of any one or more of the stumps being cut or forced away the parts may
still be held together by others of them, so as to prevent the withdrawal of the
bolt or bolts. These levers may be of various regular or irregular shapes.
The belly, or that part of each of the levers acted upon by the key (when
the bolt or a series of them is not operated by such key), is formed with
a projection acting as a stop to enable the key to hold the levers in
position during the locking or unlocking by the means employed to operate
the bolts.
In order that the Invention may be fully understood, I will by the aid of
the aid of the accompanying Drawings proceed to describe means employed
by me for carrying the same into effect.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows an internal view of parts of a lock arranged according to
my Invention; Figure 2 shows a similar view, but with the parts in different
relative positions; Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 show some of the details
separately.
In this case a, a, are the bolt heads, which by passing from the case of the
lock into the jamb or frame of the door are intended to hold the door closed.
a² is the plate to which several bolt heads a are connected so as to be operated
together, as is well understood; is an axle which is formed with necks by

page_text: which it is supported with capability of turning as desired in the framing of
the lock, and it is provided with a handle or with a square or other opening
to receive a suitable key by which the turning of it is effected. This axis b is
provided with an arm or follower , which by acting on the part a, formed in
the bar or plate a' of the bolts u, gives motion to that bar a and the series
of bolt heads formed or fixed thereon; and when this follower has moved the
bar a into position of the bolt heads being "thrown" or "locked the
outer surface of that arm or follower will act against the surface at of the
bar or plate a', and fix the bolts and prevent their return as indicated by
Figure 2. In like manner when the bolts are drawn back, or are in the
condition of being "unlocked," the outer end of the arm or follower will be
resting against the curved surface a with a tendency to keep the bolts back;
c is another bolt acting as a sliding abutment. This bolt or sliding abutment
is moved into position between the part of the series of bolts a and the
fixed abutment a by means of the arm or follower also formed on the
axle b; and it will be seen that the outer end of this arm or follower be acts
in the recess c¹ of the bolt c immediately the bar a' with its series of bolts
has been moved by the arm or follower into the "locked" position, and then
as the outer end of the arm or follower moves on the curved surface a' the
fixed axis or centre of motion d,
formed for it on the axle b, when
by the action of any handle or
outer end of the arm or follower 2 also moves on the curved surface to hold
that bolt in position, and in the further partial rotation of this axle b with its
arms, another arm ³ formed thereon acts by its outer end upon the
lever d to cause that lover to turn upon its
and bring its outer end against a stop
the axle will be prevented from returning
key applied to it until the end of the lever d has been raised from the
stop . This raising of the lever d is effected by a bolt e, one end of which
acts on the lever d to lift it, and thereby release the axle b, so that it may be
freely turned back, and the other end of the bolt acts as a moveable abutment
between the part of the bar or plate a' and the fixed or stationary abut-
ment. The bolt c is acted upon by a key and series of tumblers and other
parts forming a lock of such character as may be desired. y, y, are stumps
fixed to the stationary framing of the lock, and passing into slots provided for
them in the bolts to guide them correctly in their movements, as is well
understood. According to this arrangement the locking and abutment bolts
will be moved in either direction, and fixed by means of surfaces applied to
the axle b; but when these bolts have been "shot" the outer end of the
lever du:ust first be raised from the stop before the bolts can be withdrawn
by the turning of the axle b.

page_text: as shewn by Figure 18, with a tendency to fix the bolts a and prevent them
from slipping or being forced back. The axle has also formed on or applied
to it another arm or follower to act upon, and place in position another bolt
or sliding abutment c, by which when the bolts a have been thrown or "shot".
into the jamb or frame of the door they may be there held securely. When
the bolts a, a, are back in their case this bolt or abutment c will be in the
position indicated by Figure 19 with the inner ends of the bolts a, a, a, in the
recesses c¹, c¹, c', of the bolt or abutment c; but when the bolts a, a, a, have
been thrown or shot as described, the bolt or abutment c will be moved so
that its surfaces c, c, c, will come between the inner ends of the bolts a, a, a,
and the part d' of the stationary framing d to hold them in the locked state.
The follower or arm & acts upon to give the traverse motion to the bolt or
sliding abutment c by the outer end thereof taking into the recess c³ of that
bolt or abutment c; and when the bolts a, a, a, are withdrawn, or in the
condition of "unlocked," the outer end of the arm or follower 6 will pass
from the notch to the curved part c' to hold the bolt or sliding abutment c
back, as shown by Figure 19; and in like manner when the bolts a, a, a, have
been shot, and the bolt or abutment c bas been brought with its surfaces
,,, between the inner ends of those bolts a and the part of the
framing d, the outer end of the arm or follower 62 will pass from the recess c
to the curved part c', and prevent the return of the bolt or abutment c, as
shown by Figure 18, until the axle is turned in the opposite direction with
the outer end of the arm or follower be in the recess c. Although I have
only shown one of these sliding bolts or abutments c there may be two or
more of them brought into operation at the same or different times by corres-
ponding arms or followers. e, e, e, are the levers commonly called "tumblers,"
which are capable of moving as on a fulcrum on the stump f' projecting from
or carried by the fixed and stationary plate f, and these levers are also provided
with a series of gatings e', c', at various distances apart, and which may be
regular or irregular, adapted to receive and act with corresponding stumps c³, c³,
of the bolt c. Each of these levers e is also formed with other gatings
,, adapted to receive and act with other stumps f, f, projecting from the
fixed and stationary plate f. And the object of thus multiplying theso gatings
and corresponding stumps and distributing them over each of the levers e
(the length of which may be increased to circumstances) is that in the event
of the axis of such levers, or any one or more of the stumps acting with them,
being cut or forced away the parts of the combined fastening may still be held
together by such of the stumps as remain, so as to prevent the withdrawal of
the bolt or bolts, and the opening of the door or cover. It will however be

page_text: Figures 8 and 9 show two views with like parts in different relations of
another arrangement in which a bar or plate a¹ is moved forwards for locking,
and is fixed or held in position when locked by means of an arm or follower b
applied to an axis b; and this axis & has another arm or follower by which
a sliding abutment e is placed in position as shown. There is also applied a
lever f, which is capable of moving on the fixed pin f¹. At one end of it
this lever passes into a recess formed for it in the sliding abutment c, so as
to be moved on its centre of motion by the movement of the sliding abutment c,
and in the sliding of this abutment into position behind the part a
of the plate or bar a¹ to serve as a stop for that plate, the other end f of the
lever f will act upon the end g¹ of a bolt g, by which the opposite end g² of
that bolt will be moved into position to act as a sliding abutment between
the part a of the bar or plate a¹ and the fixed stop; at the same time the
lower end of a lever d will be released from the upper end of the bolt g, and
it will be borne by its spring d', so that it may turn on its fixed axis d² and
bring the recess d³ thereof to embrace the outer end of the arm or follower b',
and thereby prevent the turning of the axis until the lever d is released
therefrom. The lever d is according to this arrangement moved back again
so as to release the axis b by the raising of the end g' of the bolt g of a lock h
when that end of the bolt g will act upon to raise the end f of the lever f, and
also upon the lower end of the lever d, thereby liberating the arm or follower b¹,
and allowing of that arm acting to withdraw the plate a¹ with the bolts a,
when the parts will assume the positions indicated by Figure 8.
Figures 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 show parts of this arrangement separately.
Figure 15 shows an internal view of some of the locking parts of a safe or
other door; Figures 16 and 17 show longitudinal and transverse sections of
the same Figures 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, and 26 show various
parts separately.
a, a, a, are the bolt heads which by passing from the case provided for the
purpose inside of the door or cover into the frame or jamb of such safe or
other door are intended to hold these parts together. These bolts are con-
nected together by or form part of the plate or bar a', and they are moved to
and fro for the purpose of locking or unlocking by means of the arm or
follower formed on or applied to the axle 6 by the outer end of that arm or
follower acting in the partial rotation of the axle b in the recess a² of the
bar or plate a When the bolts a are fully withdrawn they are held back
by the outer end of the arm coming against the curved portion a³ of the
plate a', as shewn by Figure 19; and when the bolts a are "shot" the outer
end of the arm & bears against the curved portion a' of the bar or plate a¹,

page_text: manifest that great variations may be made in the form or character of such
tumbler levers, by which they may be of various regular or irregular shapes,
yet retaining series of gatings or openings to receive series of fixed and series
of moveable stumps, or such like projections.
of the bolt or
those stumps
According to the arrangement shewn in place of the stumps being fixed
directly into the bolt or sliding abutment c they are affixed to the plate c³,
which is supported with capability of sliding freely in the parts of the framing d,
and it is caused to slide with that bolt or abutment c by such bolt or abut-
ment c having a series of projections c affixed to or formed on it which pass
through corresponding series of openings c formed for them in the plate cº.
This however may be varied. The levers e, e, may be acted upon by a key
in the ordinary manner; but according to the arrangement shown a key,
such as that represented by Figure 27, is employed, and in this case the part g
thereof when passed into the key hole h acts on those levers e, and the part i
thereof acts on other tumblers and a bolt j in the frame (.
This bolt jis
provided with a stump j¹ to pass into the gatings e³ formed for it in the
levers e by which those levers will be held in position. The belly e" of each
of the levers e acted on by the key is formed so that the key may act thereon
to hold the levers e in position for the movement of the bolts a and c by the arms
or followers from the axle b. In place of each of the stumps
plate to which they are fixed passing through all the levers e,
may pass into only one or more of such levers, and another
from another of a series of bolts or sliding abutments or other plato
carrying them may pass into other of the levers e; and so on several series of
stumps may be employed, each set of stumps acting with the gatings of its
own tumbler lever or its own set of tumbler levers. And the stumps c', or
some of them, may be applied to the locking bolt as in the ordinary arrange-
ment of tumbler locks, or to parts immediately connected therewith, except
that in carrying out my improvements the number of these gatings and the
stumps acting on them will be increased, and other stumps f2 will be applied
for the purpose already stated, or some of the stumps may be applied to an
ordinary locking bolt, and some to a sliding abutment bolt, or series of them,
or to the bed or other fixed or stationary plate. And in place of the bolt or
bolts being acted upon by an arm or follower, or arms or followers, or other
surfaces, from an axis operated by a handle or handles to move them whilst
the tumbler lovers employed are acted upon by a key; both the tumblers and
the bolt or bolts may be acted upon for their required movements by a key or
keys. It will be evident that the form or character of the tumblers together
set of stumps

page_text: with their gatings or other openings acting as such with suitable stumps may
be greatly varied.
Figure 28 shews a diagram of a modification of lock in which the tumbler
levers turn on axes, 2, and are operated from the centre i. Similar letters
are applied in this to corresponding parts of the arrangement last referred to,
by which further description of them is rendered unnecessary, and other of
the parts will be readily understood.
66
Figure 29 shows another modification of this part of the improvements:
In this case the plate a¹ with its series of bolt heads a is moved to and
fro for locking or unlocking by a key, or it may be moved by a knob or
other handle applied as at f; and when the plate a' with its bolt heads
has been moved, as shown by Figure 29, into the position of being
locked it is held in position by the plate b, which is formed with
slots 6, 6, through which pass the fixed stumps c, c, and d, d, by which
it is guided to move in one direction when operated for that purpose by a
key or other follower acting in the opening b³. e is another plate, of which
there may be a series, placed one over the other, acting as tumblers to hold
the plate b in position; each of these plates e is formed with openings e¹,
through which pass the fixed stumps d, d, controlling those plates e, e, to move
only in a direction at right angles to that of the plate b. The plates e, e,
are also formed with other openings or gatings e, e², into which pass stumps
b, b, affixed to and moving with the plate b. Each of the plates e, e, is also
formed at, to be raised by a suitable key; and when all of these plates e, e,
have been raised so that the stumps & may pass into the parts (1) of the
openings or gating e, the plate & may then be moved sideways in order that
the stumps thereof may then pass from the parts 2 to 3 or from 3 to 2 of
such gatings, as the case may be. In some cases the plate 6 may be con-
nected to or may form part of the plate a', when a key or handle at f will not
be required, and the locking bolts will be actuated by a key applied at g.
Figures 30, 31, and 32 show some of the parts separately.
b
Having thus described my Invention and means which I adopt in carrying
the same into effect, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself
to the precise details shewn and described, as these may be varied without
departing from my Invention; but what I claim is,-
First, the arranging and combining parts of bolting and locking arrangements
for safe and other doors, whereby the axle of the handle or other mover of the
bolt is provided not only with a follower or surface for giving motion to and
following and fixing such bolt, or with a series of such followers or surfaces

page_text: to operate a series of bolts; but also with another arm or operating surface,.
or a series of them, to act upon and place in position a sliding abutment,
or a series of them, for holding the bolts in position, substantially as
described.
Secondly, I claim the arranging and combining parts of bolting and locking
arrangements for safe and other doors, whereby the tumbler levers thereof, or
other levers acting as such may have series of gatings or openings acting as
such to receive and act with series of fixed or stationary stumps; and also
other series of gatings or openings acting as such to receive and act with
series of other moveable or travelling stumps, in manner and for the purpose
substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Matthias Hart, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
JOHN M. HART. (L.S.)