matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE 'PRINTING' OF PHOTOGRAPHS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Louis Sabunjie at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st May 1875.
I, JOHN LOUIS SABUNJIE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Professor of Chemistry, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE 'PRINTING' OF
PHOTOGRAPHS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates more particularly to the apparatus adapted to be
employed in the copying of photographs by the obtainment with simple
means of paper negatives of the photographs to be copied. In such
apparatus the printing has been effected by the aid of a sheet of glass,
and a card held together by means of an elastic band.
.
The object of my Invention is to produce an efficient printing frame
of a simple and cheap character. My said frame consists of a metal
frame fitted with glass and provided with metal bars or clasps, which
are hinged by one end to the frame, and are formed at the other end to
clip the edge of the frame tightly. When in use the photograph to be
copied is laid on the glass and is covered with a piece of prepared paper,

page_text: and then with a number of pieces of thick paper; the clasps are then
shut down and the frame is exposed to the light. This printing frame
may also be employed when printing from glass negatives.
In a more simple form of the printing apparatus metal clasps are
made to clip the glass without the aid of a metal frame.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR RAIL ENDS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Harrison at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd.
March 1875.
I, HENRY HARRISON, of Fenny Stratford, in the County of Bucks, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FASTENINGS FOR RAIL ENDS," to be as follows:-
According to this Invention I form each rail end and the corre-
sponding parts of the fish plates with slots or holes for cotters or keys,
and I employ either a single wedge or cotter at each rail end, or a
double wedge or cotter, or a gib and cotter, the gib being formed with
the usual nose on each side. The rail end should be butt up against one
another, and if the Invention is applied to existing railways with open
rail joints packing must be applied there. When I employ the double
cotter, an ordinary bolt is used at each end as at present for the purpose
of fastening the fish plates to the rails. These bolts may also, if desired,
be applied in case of the other aforesaid modes of fastening. To increase
the security I in some cases form a half spherical recess in the thick or
flange part of each opposite end of the two rails, and place a chilled cast
iron or other iron ball therein, or I drill a hole through the rails half

page_text: through the end of each and put an iron pin or bolt through the said
hole, and that either at top or bottom or both.
By my Invention I make use of the old ordinary fish plates, and I
obtain a more perfect security against the knocking of the wheels
against the rail ends, as the same by my Invention are more securely and
permanently fastened in the vertical relative position than by the
ordinary fish plate fastenings, and the rail ends are thus preserved
against wear and lamination.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Denis Daniel Redmond at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th September 1875.
I, DENIS DANIEL REDMOND, of 126, Sandford Road, Dublin, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ROLLER SKATES," to be as follows :-
-
This Invention consists in certain arrangements of mechanism,
enabling the skater to describe circular or other gyratory movements at
will, by causing the tilting of the sole or footboard to make the axles of
the rollers to assume the form of radii of the curve to be described.
The footboard or sole of the skate oscillates laterally by hinge-like joints
on a casting or castings resting upon others carrying the axles of the
rollers. The latter castings are attached to the former ones by a
vertical bolt in each case, which permits each axle and its rollers to
revolve horizontally; this horizontal motion is imparted by a rod
oscillating with the footboard; its amount can be increased or diminished
by clamping the rod nearer to or further from the vertical axis; this
motion is also obtained by a ball-&-socket joint, the ball having, a

page_text: groove and the socket spuds; it is also obtained by bevelled cog wheels.
There is a spring between the sole and the hinge castings which can be
tightened at pleasure by a screw in the sole, which gives the skate the
necessary tendency to assume its normal position for straight lines.
A notable feature of the Invention is the use of one or two diagonal
connecting rods, which make or makes the axles move simultaneously,
thus rendering it necessary to give rotative motion from the footboard
only to one axle in each case.
The accompanying Drawing shews my plan,-
Fig. 1 is an elevation, the heel wheel being removed on the near side; :
it shews the mode of using the oscillating rod. a, a, is a casting
screwed to the sole; b is the rod oscillating with same and connected
with the roller casting at c; H is the hinge casting resting on the roller
casting R, connected therewith by a vertical bolt, and hinged to the sole
at h. h: : 8 is the spring.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Draper at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
March 1875.
I, MICHAEL DRAPER, of the Firm of Handley and Draper, of
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Boot and Shoe Manufacturers,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN BOOTS AND SHOES," to be as follows:-
:-
My Invention has reference to those kinds of boots and shoes which
are furnished with tab pieces or straps at the front of the boot or shoe
for fastening the same, the upper leathers of the said boots and shoes
extending below or to a short distance above the ankle of the foot.
By my Invention the fastening of the boot or shoe is facilitated, an
improved appearance is given to the front of the boot or shoe, and
increased ease in wear results.
My improvements are specially applicable to boots and shoes having
low upper leathers, and I will describe my said improvements as applied
to a shoe of this kind.

page_text: Instead of making the tab pieces or straps at the front of the shoe
meet at the middle thereof as usual, I make one of the said tab pieces or
straps considerably longer than the other, the prolonged tab piece or
strap overlapping the short or ordinary tab picce, and passing almost to
the opposite side of the shoe. I prefer to give the prolonged tab piece
or strap an ornamental figure, the free end or overlapping part
being of less breadth than that of the other portion of the said tab
piece.
I fasten the overlapping part of the prolonged tab piece to the
ordinary tab piece of the shoe by means of a solitaire fastening con-
sisting of two detachable parts, which parts are connected together
preferably by a spring or snap action. One of the said parts of the
solitaire fastening is fixed in and the greater part concealed by the
ordinary or short tab, its hollow or tubular shank projecting above the
said tab piece, and the other or front part of the solitaire may be secured
to the prolonged tab piece by a piece of elastic webbing. The upper or
front part of the solitaire fastening may however be completely detached
from the prolonged tab piece.
Near the extreme end of the prolonged tab piece is an eyeletted hole
or a series of eyeletted holes, one of which holes when the shoe is to be
fastened is passed on to the projecting shank of the lower half of the
solitaire in the short or ordinary tab piece. By now connecting the front
half of the solitaire by a spring or snap action with the shank of that
half fixed in the short tab piece the overlapping part of the prolonged
tab picce is fixed very securely to the said short tab piece and the shoe.
is fastened for wear.
By disconnecting the upper or front half of the solitaire fastening from
the lower half the prolonged tab piece is released and the shoe un-
fastened.
I do not limit myself to the use of any particular kind of solitaire
for fastening the prolonged tab piece of the boot or shoe as any of tho
various kinds of solitaires consisting of two detachable parts may be
employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REVERSING GEAR OF STEAM AND OTHER MOTIVE POWER ENGINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edward Millar at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 9th November 1875.
I, HENRY EDWARD MILLAR, of Hampstead, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN REVERSING GEAR OF STEAM AND OTHER MOTIVE POWER
ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in link motion reversing gear
of steam and other motive power engines.
According to these improvements only one eccentric is used instead of
two as heretofore.
A new form of link is employed which is suspended by its centre to a
fixed point, and is curved outwards from the shaft instead of towards it
or straight as heretofore.
A connecting rod is arranged between the valve rod and link, formed

page_text: with a slot in such a manner as to enable the same to be raised or
lowered.
A lever is connected with the connecting rod which will raise or
lower it, and will at the same time act as a guide whilst working, the
said lever being connected with the customary reversing lever.
A NEW AND IMPROVED APPLICATION TO DOMESTIC COPPERS' OR OTHER SIMILAR BOILERS OF AN "HYDRAULIC CIRCULATOR AND DISTRIBUTOR
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Collier and Joseph
Holding at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 2nd January 1875.
"
We, JOHN COLLIER, and JOSEPH HOLDING, both of Salford, in the
County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention
for "A NEW AND IMPROVED APPLICATION TO DOMESTIC COPPERS' OR OTHER
SIMILAR BOILERS OF AN "HYDRAULIC CIRCULATOR AND DISTRIBUTOR," to be as.
follows:-
.
The Invention relates more particularly to that class of boiler known
as the "copper" employed in the process of washing or cleansing soiled
linen or articles of wearing apparel. The said Invention may also be
adapted with advantage to boilers employed for manufacturing or
chimical purposes in which circulation is required to be maintained.
The improvements consist in placing within the "copper" or boiler a
convex or pyramidal plate in a position which will allow its bearing
surface to close in and form a space or chamber in the bottom portion of
the boiler; from the center or other convenient point of this platë a pipe

page_text: projects terminating in a nozzle or rose bit above the surface of the
liquor and articles contained in the boiler.
The action of the circulating distributor may be thus described.
When the liquor and articles to be washed or otherwise delt with are
placed in the "copper" or boiler and the fire lighted the liquor filling 5
the bottom space being nearest the fire first boils, in which state of
accumulated pressure it escapes up the projecting tube from the nozzle
of which it is ejected on to the upper surface of the liquor supplying the
lower space, thus it will be seen that so long as the water or liquor
contained in the "copper" boils a constant circulation of the same will 1
be maintained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TRIMMINGS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Page at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
August 1875.
I, JOSEPH PAGE, of Croydon, in the County of Surrey, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF TRIMMINGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of orna-
mental trimmings suitable for being employed for trimming ladies' and
children's dresses, furniture, curtains, hangings, or other like purposes.
For this purpose I take metallized cloth or other textile fabric, by
preference that which is known in the artificial flower trade as gold
and silver cloth, and I either emboss the surface with various orna-
mental designs, or I produce ornamental designs thereon by cutting,
stamping, or perforating the same. The material is then cut up into
lengths of various widths, which may be employed as trimmings for the
above named purposes, being readily applied to the surface of articles of
dress or other fabrics by sewing on or otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARTRIDGE CASES AND PERCUSSION CAPS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Harris Sanders at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th January 1875.
I, JAMES HARRIS SANDERS, of 31 and 32, Lombard Street, in the
City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARTRIDGE CASES AND PERCUSSION
CAPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
cartridge cases and percussion caps.
For the manufacture of cartridge cases I prepare metal plates by
rolling down the crop ends of steel rails or scrap steel from other similar
sources, and the plates so made I coat with tin in the same way that
iron plates are commonly coated with tin in the manufacture of tin
plate. These plates are cut into blanks, from which the cartridge cases
are raised by a process similar to that used when brass is the metal
employed.
.
In some cases, in place of steel plate coated with țin, I employ steel
plate galvanised or coated with copper, nickel, and other metals by the

page_text: process of electro deposition; or in place of coating the steel plates I
coat the cartridge cases after they have been raised into shape from the
metal blanks.
Percussion caps. I raise either in the same way as the cartridge cases,
or I form them simply by folding in the sides of a blank in the same
way as copper caps are now commonly made.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Owen Goddard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 3rd March 1875.
I, GEORGE OWEN GODDARD, of Brighton, in the County of Sussex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ROLLER SKATES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that class of skates known as roller skates,
and consists in the construction and arrangement of mechanism, whereby
the wheels of the skates may readily take up an altered course. Upon
the under side of the stock or footboard of the skate and at each end
thereof are fixed plates carrying snugs to which the bearing or carriage
supporting the rollers is secured by means of a central pin, upon which
said carriage may turn, and extending from and forming part of the
carriage is a longitudinal arm which terminates in a hook, which hook
takes into the loop of an india-rubber band or spring secured by a clip
or clips to the stock of the skate, or a spiral metal spring may be
employed.
When the course of the skater is required to be altered the carriage
or bearing of the wheels is by the weight of the skater turned on the

page_text: pivot which secures it to the snug, and the longitudinal arm is moved
outwards with it, but this movement is regulated by the strength of the
spring in connection with said arm.
According to a modification of this Invention I construct the plates
for attachment to the stock with two arms or snugs which carry a pin or
axis free to work therein, and at right angles to and upon or forming
part of said pin or axis is the axle of the rollers of the skate. As the
pin or axis is free to work in the snugs, the rollers and their axles will
partake of this movement, but to regulate this and to maintain the skate
in an upright position I form in the plates for attachment to the stock
a transverse slot, and under the plate in a recess in said stock is an india-
rubber diso or wad, and a perpendicular pin which forms a part of the
roller axle extends through the slot and into a hole in the india-rubber
disc or wad; thus the play of the rollers or wheels are regulated by the
length of the slot, and the strength of the india-rubber disc and the
length of the slot may be regulated by an adjustable plate.
A NEW OR IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF LIFE BOAT
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Humble at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
January 1875.
I, WILLIAM HUMBLE, of North Shields, in the County of North-
umberland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
NEW OR IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF LIFE BOAT," to be as follows:-
-
The Invention is designed for the purpose of constructing a life boat,
the composition and nature of which will enable the same to ride with
less draught, and be much more buoyant than those now in use without
danger of capsizing, and also prevent disasters occuring to the occupants
of the same in the event of such boat coming into contact with a wreck
or other obstacle in rough seas, or when going alongside, as any violent
contact between the wreck or other obstacle and the life boat would only
cause such boat to yield and rebound.
The improvements may be thus described :-The shell or outer
structure of the boat from the keel to the gunwale is formed of a
series of longitudinal tubes, each about five and a half inches in
diameter, composed of canvas, cork, and marine glue, the whole of

page_text: which are knitted together so as to form one body or shell by means
of cord lashings or other equivalent, and suitable connections coated
with marine gluc or anti-corrosive paint.
The internal fittings of the boat are composed of eight or more
wooden frames placed transverseley across the boat within which seats 5
and other necessary appliances for the comfort and safety of the
passengers are provided.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SCRAPING OR CLEANING TUBES OR FLUES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Mayston at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
August 1875.
I, HENRY MAYSTON, of Leiston, n' Saxmundham, in the County of
Suffolk, Foreman Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SCRAPING OR CLEANING TUBES
OR FLUES," to be as follows :—
My Invention relates to apparatus intended more particularly to be
used for scraping or cleaning the interior of the fire tubes of steam
boilers for the purpose of removing therefrom the soot and other
particles which adhere to the tubes, and by their accumulation act as a
non-conductor of heat; and it consists of an improved combination and
arrangement of parts forming the scraper, whereby a high degree of
efficiency together with durability, lightness of construction, economy in
manufacture, and facility for effecting repairs are obtained.
In carrying out my Invention I employ three or any other suitable
number of segments which are made conical, pointed, or with sharp
edges on their periphery for the purpose of scraping the tube. These

page_text: segments are placed between two flanged, conical, or other discs com-
posed by preference of hard or chilled cast iron or steel, and secured on
a longitudinal rod or bar which is provided with a flange or collar in
contact with the outer surface of one dise and a screw-threaded end,
upon which works a nut for bearing against the exterior of the other
disc, so that the two discs enclosing the segments are gripped between
the flange or collar and the nut, and when out of the tube are prevented
from displacement by the flanges on the discs. One of the discs is pro-
vided on its inner side with an elongated boss, with the end of which the
inner side of the other disc is in contact, and this boss also forms a
bearing for helical or spiral springs which are employed for pressing the
segments outwards against the interior of the tube, such segments being
formed with studs on the inner side for the purpose of maintaining the
springs in position, whilst admitting of their accommodating themselves
to the shape of the tube.
The scraper segments are maintained sufficiently rigid to remove any
particles, preventing the direct contact of the heated gases with the sides
of the fire tubes without attacking the material of which the same are
made, owing to the appropriate section of the segments and the yielding
pressure of the spiral springs; and the arrangement, together with the
conical shape of the scraper, admits of the scraper being readily drawn
back after having passed through the full length of the tubes.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING THE DELIVERY OF MEASURES OF LIQUIDS OR SOLIDS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Wallace Rimington
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 24th July 1875.
I, ALEXANDER WALLACE RIMINGTON, of the City of London, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING THE DELIVERY OF MEASURES OF
LIQUIDS OR SOLIDS," to be as follows:
-
The main object of my Invention is to register each glass, pint, quart,
or other measure of beer or other liquid drawn from a beer engine or tap,
so that the person supplying the same to the consumer shall have
checked against him in an unerring manner each measure which he
shall have supplied.
I propose to attain my object by the use of a cage or holder, placed so
that by turning it on a pivot it may be brought immediately under one
of the spouts of the beer engine. This cage or holder will be made of a

page_text: registering counter set at work by the opening and closing of a door or
slide upon the introduction and removal of the glass or other measure.
It will be evident that this combination of cage or holder with valve
and registering counter might be applied in connection with a shoot to
check the delivery of nicasures of corn and other cercals, and for various
analogous purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL HEARTHSTONES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th October
1875.
I, JAMES HALL, of Wrays, Horley, in the County of Surrey, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL HEARTHSTONES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture
of artificial hearthstones. For this purpose I form an artificial hearth-
stone from the green sandstone found above the Gault clay in the
neighbourhood of Bletchworth in Surrey, and in other localities. The
sandstone I reduce to powder by grinding it with edge runners or
otherwise, and after mixing it intimately in a comparatively dry state
with Portland cement I at once mould it by pressure into blocks of the
required size, using for this purpose a brickmaking machine such as that
patented by James Whittaker, on the 28th day of October 1874,
No. 3743, or other powerful moulding machinery suitable for moulding
powdered material into blocks may be used for the purpose.
To mix the ground sandstone and Portland cement they may be
allowed to fall together in fine showers to the hopper of the brick-

page_text: making machine, and a fine spray of water may be directed on to them
as they are falling to afford sufficient moisture to effect the setting of
the cement; or the cement and sandstone may be mixed whilst grinding;
in this case a part or the whole of the moisture required may be added
to the materials as they are being ground.
The materials may advantageously be mixed in the proportion of
about 7 parts of sandstone to 1 of Portland cement, but other proportions
may be used.
Blocks produced in the above manner closely resemble blocks cut
from the natural sandstone, and are better suited than the natural
blocks for use as hearthstones; they can also be produced at much
less cost.
AN IMPROVED SNUFF BOX OR HOLDER AND SNUFF DELIVERER
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James John Orphin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 27th August 1875.
I, JAMES JOHN ORPHIN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Metal Worker, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED SNUFF BOX OR HOLDER AND SNUFF DELIVERER," to be as follows,
(that is to say) :-
*My Invention consists in making a suitable receptacle for holding
snuff, either in glass, metal, or other material, with an opening capable
of being closed without disfigurement.
In the interior I apply a suitably bent tube of small diameter opened
in the interior, so that the snuff when supplied may lie in and around
the said internal opening in the said tube, which terminates one end
abruptly leaving a small orifice for air to pass from the exterior to the
interior during the time of use.
The external termination of the other tube projects and is rounded off
into a convenient form for presenting to the nostril of the user, who on
sniffing will receive through the said projecting tube and nozzle a sufficient

page_text: delivery of snuff; thus the process and pleasure of inhaling snuff is
rendered economic, but above all cleanly, permitting the box or holder
to be used in every way like a scent box or bottle.
The delivery orifice or nozzle may be formed of, precious stones or
otherwise, and the receiver constructed on this principle may be made 5
simple or compound, that is to say, it may have one or more inhaling
nozzles, and be constructed to hold one or more kinds of snuff.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND WAGGONS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John. James at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
January 1875.
I, JOHN JAMES, of Halifax, in the County of York, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO
RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND WAGGONS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to prevent serious damage occuring in
cases of broken wheels or axles, and my improvements are as follows:-
To the longitudinal timber frames of each carriage or waggon and on
each side thereof, I fix two or more pullies or small wheels which are
mounted in brackets of such a length and shape, that when the carriage
or waggon is in proper working order, the pullies shall be about half an
inch more or less above the rails, the brackets being about the same
distance below the top of the rails and on the inner side thereof, so that
in case of an axle or wheel breaking the brackets will keep the carriage
on the line, and the pullies support and carry the same until the train
can be stopped. Other brackets are also fixed to the bottom of the
carriage, and span the axles loosely, so as not generally to touch them,
but to prevent them from falling in case of breakage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IMITATION STEEL ORNAMENTS AND JEWELRY
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Mario Detenre at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th September 1875.
I, LOUIS MARIE DETENRE, of the City of Paris, in the Republic of
France, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IMITATION STEEL ORNAMENTS AND
JEWELRY," to be as follows :—
The object of this Invention is to manufacture by stamping in any
suitable metals objects in imitation of steel trinkets and artificial
jewelry, the features of novelty being the suppression of casting the
metals in molds, and in lieu thereof the employment of a polished male
die, which, driven into a previously polished matrice by the simple effect
of stamping, produces objects in a complete state of finish.
By the old process of casting the metals in molds, on removal there-
from the article is frequently found to contain imperfections in the shape
of cavities, this is entirely obviated by the new mode of manufacture.
In making imitation steel ornaments a polished steel die or mold is
employed bearing the design required in relief thercon; this is tempered

page_text: and polished, and is used for producing the matrice by taking an impres-
sion of the male by a stroke of the stamping press or by hammer ; the
matrice when formed is well polished, and if it is for use with soft
metals need not be hardened, but must be so treated and repolished if
hard metals-are to be employed.
Ornaments made with these molds leave the matrice in a finished
condition requiring no further touch, the facets being-perfectly polished,
and the accessories, such as the fastenings for a brooch, bucklē, and-so_
forth, are so to speak welded with the article by the same blow of the
stamping press. Settings for jeweled ornaments are similarly stamped 1
with the article.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THAT ARTICLE OF WEARING APPAREL KNOWN AS THE COAT
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Xaver Berkemyer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
February 1875.
I, XAVER BERKEMYER, of Langham Street, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THAT ARTICLE OF WEARING APPAREL
KNOWN AS THE COAT," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to that class of wearing apparel known as the
coat, and is designed for the purpose of enabling a perfect fitting
both
garment to be constructed in less time and with greater economy,
as regards labour and material, than coats of ordinary construction.-
Before cutting out the improved construction of coat it is necessary
that the material employed shall be one which can be shrunk, and then
as according to my Invention I proceed as follows:-The back of the
coat I cut out in one piece from unshrunk cloth (that is), I cut from
the ordinary seam under the collar in a line right over the top of the
shoulder round the semicircular arm hole, then in a vertical direction
to the waist on either side thereof alike, from whence the cloth is cut

page_text: in a horizontal line from point to point across the back. The back
piece when so cut is then shrunk in the ordinary manner so as to give
the necessary enlargement for the shoulders at the top and contraction
for the waist at the bottom, after which the shape of the edges so
worked are connected by seams to the remaining portions of the coat,
the sleeves being cut so as to have their edges joined by seams from a
point directly under the arm-pits and out of sight.
The pecular configuration of the back piece when cut readily admits
of the shrinking process being effected with ease, which when complete
assumes the form required, after which or whilst shrinking the edges are
connected by seams to the front breast pieces right on the top of each
shoulder, and from the arm-pits right down to the waist. By this
arrangement of construction no seams are seen on the back and a perfect
fitting garment is secured.
A NEW OR IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT OF THE KEYS OR MANUALS OF ORGANS, HARMONIUMS, PIANOS, AND OTHER MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Montgomery at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st August 1875.
I, ALEXANDER MONTGOMERY, junior, of Campbeltown, in the County
of Argyll, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of " A NEW OR IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT OF THE KEYS OR MANUALS
OF ORGANS, HARMONIUMS, PIANOS, AND OTHER MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention which relates to a new or improved arrangement of
the keys or manuals of organs, harmoniums, pianos, concertinas,
harmonicans, accordians, and of such other musical instruments as are
played or sounded by the musician operating on a keyboard, has for its
object to effect greater simplicity in the arrangement of such keys or
manuals, and to afford greater facility for playing on instruments of the
class above referred to.
In arranging the keyboard according to this Invention, a double set
of keys are provided for each hand, the corresponding notes on both scales
for one hand having the same sound or pitch. The notes within one

page_text: octave or scale are arranged in the usual manner from left to right on
the keyboard of the instrument, whilst the key notes of ascending or
descending octaves are placed at right angles to the position hitherto
adopted, that is to say, the notes doh, ray, me, &c., of one octave
instead of following immediately after the notes lah, te, of the lower
octave are placed in a parallel line in front of or behind the notes doh,
ray, me, of the higher or lower scale.
Any desired number of octaves may be provided on this principle, it
being understood that two set of the same notes in every octave
employed are provided for cach hand. Whilst there are at the interior
of the instrument two set of manuals in every octave and for each
hand, one set of keys only is provided on the finger board for each
octave; and in order to adapt the said keys for sounding all the notes
the keyboard is made movable in a right or left-hand direction.
The new or improved arrangement of the keys or manuals herein-
before described is applicable to keyed instruments of the class.
mentioned, whether such are constructed on the tempered or on the just
principle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Charles Henderson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 4th May 1875.-A communication from abroad by Joseph
Edouard Vaillant, of the City of Paris, in the Republic of France.
I, ARTHUR CHARLES HENDERSON, of 6, Southampton Buildings,
Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING AND
APPLYING MOTIVE POWER," a communication to me from abroad by Joseph
Edouard Vaillant, of the City of Paris, in the Republic of France, to be as
follows:-
The machinery herein referred to when set in motion by a slight force
increases and multiplies this power which can be utilized in all agricul-
tural and industrial operations, such for instance, as tilling, mowing, or
threshing, and for other purposes.
The following description is an example of its application to tillage :-
The apparatus consists of a frame mounted on wheels, and furnished on
either side with a set of toothed wheels, and chain rollers, one series
being for the forward movement, and the other for the backward motion,

page_text: either of these two series is actuated by a crank in connection with the
shaft of the two front cog wheels, these wheels govern by means of chain
wheels two rear wheels of the same diameter as the first named,. whose
axis in turning communicates motion to another pair of the same
diameter, and to a smaller pair; this movement is returned by chain
wheels and gearing mounted on a lower axis, in suchwise that one set of
wheels turns quicker than another for increasing the power. Pinions
communicate motion to wheels keyed to the axis of the hind carriage
wheels bearing the frame, and in front of which is the guide wheel
directed by pedal levers.
The shares are fixed to socket rods pivoting in their supports, and are
lifted and lowered by a winch and chain.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TARGETS FOR RIFLE PRACTISH
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Haseltine at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
June 1875.-A communication from abroad by James Gordon
Bennett, of the City and State of New York, United States of
America.
I, GEORGE HASELTINE, of the "International Patent Office," South-
ampton Buildings, London, Doctor of Laws, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TARGETS FOR RIFLE
PRACTISH," a communication, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel formation of the surface of a target,
whereby the exact portion thereof struck by a bullet or other projectilo
may be immediately and accurately ascertained and readily transmittod
to any desired distance.
Targets for rifle shooting as usually constructed consist of three
concentric squares or parallelograms, and it is therefore extremely
difficult to ascertain and describe in words the exact position of a shot,
as its situation in each of these squares can only be approximately
stated.

page_text: It is sometimes very desirable in rifle practise to have the means for
communicating to the press and to various distant stations or localities
the exact position of each shot that strikes the target, and I have
devised the following formation of the target's surface for accomplishing
this result, that is to say, I form the surface of the target with a largo
number of squares, and each one of these squares I designato by a
particular distinguishing number; I have found that 1152 divisions is
usually sufficient for the purpose proposed.
The targets may be constructed of a number of plates of iron or other
suitable metal or of wood or other suitable material, and the squares on
its surface may be formed by bars or stripes of various colours intersecting
the main divisions of the target. By having the target's surface thus
divided into numbered squares, the exact position of each shot can be at
once ascertained without doubt or difficulty, and the result of any day's
practise can be readily communicated to any desired locality or station
by transmitting a list of the numbers of the squares struck by the shots
of the various competitors.
The larger numbers composed of several words, as for example, nine
. hundred and fifty-six, I may indicate by a single distinguishing word
and thus save a very large expense in transmitting by telegraph tho
positions of the several shots. The receiver of the despatch having a key
in which each word is accompanied by its peculiar number can readily
translate a despatch, and can indicate upon previously prepared diagrams,
divided in the same manner as the aforesaid target, the exact position of
each shot, and these diagrams can be exactly reproduced in print.
A NEW LATTICE FRAMEWORK COVERING FOR THE FLOORS, ROOFS, AND SIDES OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES, FOR BUILDINGS, AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Rideal at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th January
1875.
I, SAMUEL RIDEAL, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW LATTICE FRAMEWORK COVERING FOR THE FLOORS, ROOFS, AND SIDES
OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES, FOR BUILDINGS, AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as
follows:
-
This Invention consists,-
First of a framework of ribs and cross pieces of timber, metal, india-
rubber, or other substances or combinations of them, of any section or
size, tubular or solid, straight, circular, or irregular. The cross
pieces being by preference tubular, the ends of which are inserted in
holes or recesses formed in (or tho ends may abut against) the sides of
the ribs, a rod or tube of metal of any suitable section being passed
through the cross pieces, and holes in the ribs and secured to the outer
ribs by the ends of tho tubes or rods being rivetted, or by a screw being
formed on the ends of such tubes or rods and secured by a nut, or by

page_text: any known means to retain the cross pieces in position, thus forming a
framework with two wearing surfaces, being inexpensive, inodorous, and
impermeable to damp, dust, or dirt, and which frames may be hinged,
coupled, or connected together in sections, or to any object as required,
being adapted for floor and other coverings, mats, shelves, supports,
screens, and other purposes.
Secondly. In forming grooves, channels, or recesses in the ribs, and
cross pieces of the framework described above, and inserting in the spaces
so formed, sheets, slabs, or tiles of paper, leather, caoutchouc, glass, slate,
stone, earthenware, metal, wood, or any other substance or combination
thereof, for the purpose of being used as coverings or protectors of roofs,
ceilings, floors, walls, partitions, screens, shelves, doors, supports,
exhibiting paintings, drawings, cards, advertisments for decoration and
utility; these frames may be secured to any object so as to be readily
removed at pleasure.
Thirdly. In forming grooves, channels, or recesses in and around the
edges of sheets, slabs, or tiles, as above described, such grooves to be of
any section, form, or depth, and to be used to facilitate the manufacture
and production of such sheets, slabs, or tiles, and in combination with
the lattice framing as described, or otherwise to receive the tube or rod
of metal, cement, or other substance to secure them in the places
required, such as walls, ceilings, roofs, floors, or for other purposes.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING 'ROLLERS' OR CASTORS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerald Ellison Collette at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th December 1875.
I, GERALD ELLISON COLLETTE, of Westfield House, Halliford, in the
County of Middlesex, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING 'ROLLERS' OR
CASTORS,'” to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in an improved roller for skates and which is.
also applicable as a castor for chairs, tables, and other articles of
furniture, and for other similar purposes.
I construct a box or receptacle of metal or other suitable hard
substance capable of bearing a high polish. This box is of a conical
shape having an aperture at the apex and the base being flat. The box
or receptacle is so constructed as to be easily opened, for instance by
making it of two pieces screwed together. In the interior of this box
or receptacle, which is highly polished, I place four or more balls of
glass, marble, steel, brass, gun metal, or other suitable hard substance,
in the form of a pyramid so that the ball forming the apex of the

page_text: pyramid protrudes through the aperture of the box. I proportion the
size of the balls to the interior of the box or vice versa, so that the ball
protruding through the aperture may be prevented from falling out,
while as much as possible of its surface is exposed, and so that all the
balls may have just space enough to revolve freely in the interior of the
box and no more.
For the purpose of constructing a skate fitted with my improved roller,
I take a skate body and to the lower surface I attach by their bases two,
three, or more of these boxes or receptacles. The balls protruding
through the apertures will form rollers, which will turn in every
direction without hindrance, 'and by communicating a rotatory motion
to the balls in the interior of the boxes will reduce the friction and
prevent the rollers from jamming.
If necessary in order further to reduce the friction I lubricate the
interior of the boxes. In like manner for the construction of rollers or
castors for chairs, tables, and other articles of furniture, or for other
similar purposes I attach one of these boxes to each leg. When any of
the balls become worn I have only to open the box and replace them by
others.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHESS AND DRAUGHT BOARDS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Harrington at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with lus Petition, on the 15th
April 1875.
I, JOHN HARRINGTON, of Ryde, in the Isle of Wight, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CHESS AND DRAUGHT BOARDS," to be as follows:-
"
•
The Invention has for its object improvements in draught and chess
boards, whereby the men are prevented from being accidentally shifted
in position, and when desired the players can leave the game before
it is finished and lock or fix the "men in position, so as to be able
to renew or finish the game at any later time For this purpose I form
the board with a recess in each square to receive the "men," by which
means the board can be carried about, or if on shipboard the vessel can
roll or pitch without deranging the position of the "men."
In order to enable the "men" to be fixed or locked in position on
leaving an unfinished game I employ sliding covers to come over the
"men," and prevent their being shifted accidentally, or I fix at onc
side of the board a number of tapes or bands, or a flexible cover, which

page_text: when drawn over the men may be fastened in position at the other
side of the board by studs or other suitable means.
The "men" I employ are on one side formed as ordinary draught
men, but on the other are printed or otherwise marked with the names
or symbols of the chess men, so as to occupy no more space than the i
ordinary draught mon.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Kelley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
August 1875.
I, GEORGE KELLEY, of Willenhall, in the County of Stafford, Lock
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improved methods of constructing locks by
which greater simplicity and cheapness is attained than in. locks as
ordinarily constructed and used.
In the "rim" door lock, as ordinarily constructed, the box in which
the lock is contained consists of a back plate of sheet metal, the two
ends of which are bent up at right angles so as to form the ends of the
box, the front end having suitable holes formed in it for the passage of
the bolts. The top and bottom edges (or rims) of the box consist of
separate plates which are attached to the edges of the back plate by
rivets so as to form a rectangular box, the front of which is closed
(when the lock is completed) by a separate sheet metal plate sufficiently.

page_text: small to fit within the box so formed, and held in its place by two or
more screws screwed through it into the back plate.
My improved method of constructing locks consists in forming the
back plate and ends of the box of a sheet of metal, having its ends.bent
forward, as above described, to form the ends of the box; but the
remainder of the box is formed of another plate of sheet metal having
its top and bottom edges bent backward so as to form the top and
bottom edges (or rims) of the box, the plate between them forming at
the same time, the front of the box. The bent plate which thus forms at
once the top and bottom edges (or rims) and the front of the box is held
in its place by two or more screws screwed through it into the back plate
in the usual way. The angles between the top and bottom edges and
the front plate may be made to project, and may be polished or other-
wise ornamented.
The lock action and other parts contained in the box may be of any of
the kinds ordinarily constructed and used, and the novel method of
construction described may be applied to the manufacture of the boxes
for all kinds of door locks or latches.
By my improved method of construction the separate plates which
form the top and bottom edges (or rims) are not required, and the
labour and cost of making rivets and holes and fitting and rivetting such
separate plates to the back plate are avoided.