Improvements in and in Appliances for Making Springs, also in Casings for Containing the said Springs when Applied to Pistons, Pump Buckets, Stuffing Boxes, and the like.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Oct., 1886.
Complete Left, 21st July, 1887
Complete Accepted, 23rd Aug., 1887.
Improvements in and in Appliances for Making Springs, also in
Casings for Containing the said Springs when Applied to Pistons,
Pump Buckets, Stuffing Boxes, and the like.
I ETHELBERT RUSDEN, of 46 Lansdowne Road, Didsbury, Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND IN APPLIANCES FOR MAKING SPRINGS ALSO IN CASINGS FOR
CONTAINING THE SAID SPRINGS WHEN APPLIED TO PISTONS, PUMP BUCKETS, STUFFING
BOXES, AND THE LIKE to be as follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in and connected with springs suitable for
the pistons of motive power engines, pumps, and other cylinders and stuffing boxes,
or for other analogous uses.
The nature and novelty of my Invention consists substantially in constructing
springs which have the power of expanding or imparting pressure in two directions,
say laterally and vertically, so that, in the case of a piston.for example, the spring or
springs will not only keep the rings or casing close to the sides of the cylinder, but
will in addition press the rings or casing against the block or body of the piston.
I form my improved spring, of suitable metal, preferably steel, coiled spirally and
having a longitudinal wave or irregular formation that it may give the necessary
vertical pressure while the natural spring of the coil gives the required lateral
pressure to the rings or casing between which it is confined.
I propose to construct the casing which contains my improved spring of two split
rings of angle iron or other suitable metal and to bevel off or incline the surfaces
against which the wave or vertical pressure is exerted in such a manner that the
spring having always a tendency to get to the lowest point of the incline is constantly
kept in its true position, that is to press the rings outward against the cylinder.
By constructing springs according to my Invention, the required pressure in two
directions is obtained with a minimum amount of friction.
I would have it clearly understood that I do not limit myself to use one or any
particular number of springs for each piston or other object to which my Invention
is applied, nor to any particular section of metal or section of coiled spring, nor do I
tie myself to any particular method of forming my improved springs.

page_text: The following, however, is a convenient way:-I employ a mandrel the body of
which is formed of some soft metal such as lead or zinc while the edges consist of
two or more pieces of hard metal such as iron or steel. The two edge pieces may be
held in a mould while the soft metal is cast on to them so as to form a solid mandrel
of the desired wave or irregular form. The wire or metal is then wrapped round the
mandrel and a coiled spring formed. The spring and mandrel are placed together
into a furnace the heat of which melts out the soft metal body of the mandrel and the
hard metal edge pieces are withdrawn leaving ready for tempering a coiled spring of
the wave or irregular formation required.
Improvements in and in Appliances for Making Springs, also in
Casings for Containing the said Springs when Applied to Pistons,
Pump Buckets, Stuffing Boxes, and the like.
I ETHELBERT RUSDEN of 46 Lansdowne Road Didsbury Manchester in the
County of Lancaster Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND IN APPLIANCES FOR MAKING SPRINGS ALSO IN CASINGS FOR
CONTAINING THE SAID SPRINGS WHEN APPLIED TO PISTONS PUMP BUCKETS STUFFING
BOXES AND THE LIKE, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to improvements in and connected with springs suitable for
the pistons of motive power engines pumps and other cylinders and stuffing boxes or
for other analogous uses.
The nature and novelty of my Invention consists substantially in constructing
springs which have the power of expanding or imparting pressure in two directions
say laterally and vertically so that in the case of a piston for example the spring or
springs will not only keep the rings or casing close to the side of the cylinder but
will in addition press the rings or casing against the block or body of the piston.

page_text: effect I will describe the accompanying two Sheets of Drawings reference being had
to the figures and letters marked thereon.
Figure 1 is a section of a piston fitted with an improved spring and casing
according to my Invention.
Figure 2 is a section of the spring and rings forming the casing (Figure 1) but
showing the spring expanded.
Figure 3 is a plan of the spring shown in Figures 1 and 2.
Figures 4, 5 and 6 are views of some alternative forms of springs made according
to my Invention.
Referring to Figures 1, 2 and 3.-a represents the body or block of the piston b b
the two split rings of angle iron or other suitable metal the surfaces 6' of which are
inclined or bevelled off for the spring c to bear against.
I form my improved spring c of suitable metal preferably steel coiled spirally and
having a longitudinal wave or irregular formation that it may give the necessary
vertical pressure while the natural spring of the coil gives the required lateral
pressure to the rings or casing b between which it is confined.
The two rings 6 which contain the spring c are held together to compress the
spring between them by an annular plate or ring d secured to the block a by screws e
so that the spring c has always a tendency to get to the lowest point of the inclines 61
and is consequently constantly kept in its true position that is pressing the rings b
outward against the cylinder (not shown).
The spring c may either be of the form shown in Figures 1 to 3 or in one of the
forms illustrated by Figures 4, 5 and 6.
I do not tie myself to any particular method of forming my improved springs but
the following is a convenient way :-
I employ a mandrel the body of which is formed of some soft metal such as lead or
zine while the edges consist of two or more pieces of hard metal such as iron or steel.
The two edge pieces may be held in a mould while the soft metal is cast on to them
so as to form a solid mandrel of the desired wave or irregular form. The wire or
metal is then wrapped round the mandrel and a coiled spring formed. The spring
and mandrel are placed together into a furnace the heat of which melts out the soft
metal body of the mandrel and the hard metal edge pieces are then withdrawn
leaving ready for tempering a coiled spring of the wave or irregular formation
required.
Or I use a short mandrel fixed to a lathe face plate or other revolving axis. The said
mandrel is made of such a width and thickness as to wind a spring of the section
shown on the Drawing but without the irregular or wave form. The mandrel is
made the size of the inside of the coil the base or end of the mandrel which is
attached to the lathe face plate or revolving axis being gradually increased in width
but not in thickness. The wire to be wound is then led on to the mandrel at a point
on the incline which is made by increasing the width as stated. The tension required
to wind the wire on the mandrel causes it to keep slipping down on to the parallel
part and thus pushes the already formed coils off the parallel part as the new coils are
formed. By this means I get a straight flat coil of the necessary dimensions but
without the waves to form these I make a cast iron or other metal trough the sides of
which have the necessary wave form. The flat coil is then heated on a grid to the
necessary heat for tempering and is then soft enough to take the wave form from the
iron trough in which it is laid and while in the trough is dipped in the tempering
fluid. On becoming cool the spring or coil is found to retain the wave on being
removed from the trough.
By constructing springs according to my Invention the required pressure in two
directions is obtained with a minimum amount of friction.
I would have it clearly understood that I do not limit myself to use one or any
particular number of springs for each piston or other object to which my Invention is
applied nor to any particular section of metal or section of coiled spring.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is-
1. The construction use and application of a spring having a longitudinal wave or
irregular formation for the purpose of obtaining expansion or pressure in two
directions substantially as herein described and as illustrated by the accompanying
Drawings.
2.-The improved spring c substantially as herein described and as shown.
3.The method of forming springs with longitudinal waves by means of a mandrel
with a soft metal body and hard metal edges or the alternative method by means of a
mandrel and a trough substantially as described.
b
4. The combination with the improved spring c of the rings or casing 6 having
inclines or bevelled surfaces 61 substantially as herein set forth for the purpose
specified.
5.--The construction combination and arrangement of parts forming the improved
piston block as described and shown.
H. B. BARLOW,
17, St. Ann's Square, Manchester,
Agent for Applicant.