Improvements in Ovens for Firing Pottery.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Mar., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 20th Dec., 1890-Accepted, 19th Mar., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Ovens for Firing Pottery.
Arthur James WILKINSON, Central Pottery, Burslem, County of Stafford-
shire, Earthenware Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
My invention has reference to that class of oven, used for firing articles of
pottery ware, and appertains to the method of arranging the flues of same in
such a manner that am enabled to obtain a more even temperature throughout
such ovens than by the ordinary mode or means adopted.
As in the present method the bags for distributing the heat in ovens in which
pottery ware is fired, are built close against the inside of the wall, which said
wall has apertures formed therein opposite the bags fitted with regulating
appliances for the admission of air, and my improvements consist in constructing
or forming between the bags of such ovens, one or more flues of suitable size
and shape in the wall, the lower ends or mouths of which flues are a little above
the bottom of the oven, and the upper ends or outlets about level with the top
of the crown of such ovens. And also in arranging the several fire flues beneath
the bottom of the oven, which said fire flues 1 cause to radiate from the well hole or
aperture in the said oven bottom to the bags and the intervening spaces, and I
divide such fire flues by a wall of brick or other material which said walls have one
or more apertures formed in them for the better splitting up, or equal distribution
of the heat.
When the saggars containing the articles to be fired are placed in the oven the
door way or entrance may be closed by a door or doors of suitable material or
bricked up, the heat passing from the bags, and throughout the several fire flues
through the well hole into the interior of the oven, the smoke being allowed to
escape through one or more suitable and adjustable apertures formed in the crown
of the oven, and also through the flues formed in the wall, the said flues being pre-
ferably carried up to a distance about level with the top of the crown of such ovens,
and may be provided with a damper or dampers if necessary.
Any suitable number of apertures are made at suitable distances apart in the
cone of the wall and provided with suitable means for admitting air above the
crown of the oven for inducing the escape of smoke, and increasing or reducing
the amount of heat in the oven.
Dated this 18th day of March 1890.
Per pro JOHN NEWTON,
Agent for Applicant,
E. W. Davies-Rees.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Ovens for Firing Pottery.
ARTHUR JAMES WILKINSON, Central Pottery, Burslem, Staffordshire, Earthen-
ware Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
My invention has reference to that class of oven which is used for drying or
firing pottery ware, and appertains to the method of arranging the flues of same in
such a manner that I am enabled to obtain a more even temperature throughout
such ovens, than when such ovens are built in the ordinary way.

page_text: *
As in the present method, the "bags" for conducting the heat from the fires to
the interior of such ovens, are built close against the inside of the inner wall, the
inner and outer walls having apertures formed through them opposite the several
bags," fitted with appliances for regulating the admission of air, and my improve-
ments consist in constructing or forming in the space between the "bags" in the
interior of such ovens, one or more vertical flues of any suitable size and shape, the
lower ends or mouths of which flues are formed in and through the oven bottom,
and below the said oven bottom, either parallel with the oven bottom or horizon-
tally, and run into or join the vertical portions of same in the wall, the upper
ends or outlets of such clearing flues being about level with the outside top of
the crown of such ovens.
And also in arranging the several fire flues beneath the bottom of such ovens,
which said fire flues I cause to converge from the "bags," to the well hole or
aperture in the oven bottom, and I divide such fire flues for about half their
length by a wall or partition of brick or other suitable material, for the better
splitting up, and more equal distribution of the heat.
When the saggars containing the articles to be fired are suitably arranged within
the oven, the doorway or entrance closed, the heat passes from the several fires
through the bags," beneath the oven bottom, and through the well hole in the
oven bottom into the interior of the oven, the smoke escaping through one or
more orifices formed in and through the crown of the oven, and down through
the mouths of the several clearing flues, beneath the oven bottom, and through
the vertical side clearing flues into the top or cone above the crown of the oven,
from whence it escapes into the atmosphere. I form any suitable number of
apertures at convenient distances apart in the cone of the oven, and provide
such apertures with suitable appliances for regulating the admission of air above
the crown of the oven for inducing the escape of smoke, and increasing or reducing
the heat in the oven.
In order that my invention may be more readily understood and explained in
detail, have hereunto annexed a sheet of drawings, on which letters of reference
are marked on corresponding parts on all the figs. alike.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1. is a part sectional elevation taken through the line C-D of Fig. 2 of a
circular oven or kiln, shewing my improved method of arranging the several flues
in such ovens.
Fig. 2 is a sectional plan, taken through the line A-B of Fig. 1.
In these figs. a is the outer wall of the kiln or oven, having bags builtin to or
against the inner periphery of the inner wall a². Fires being made on each of the
several grates, there being as many grates as there are bags, and the entrance or
doorway of the oven closed, after the saggers containing the articles of pottery-
ware are placed within the oven d, the smoke and heat from the fires passes in the
direction shewn by the arrows e through the bags b, the fire flues, and well hole g²
in the bottom of the oven into the interior of the oven, where it accumulates, and
by its own pressure caused to escape through the mouths or apertures in the
bottom g of the oven, into and through the clearing flues i as indicated by the
arrows, to the top or conej of the oven, from whence it escapes into the atmosphere
through the chimney of the oven.
When it is necessary to increase the heat within the oven d, the regulating
appliances, in the wall a and m on the crown of the oven would be closed, and
can be varied by admitting the requisite quantity of air through the said
appliances, and m.
Dampers or other convenient regulating appliances may if desired be fitted in or
through the outer wall a, for regulating the egress of the smoke and heat through
the aforesaid clearing flues i. It will be clearly understood, that the number of
clearing flues i will be in accordance with the number of bags b, and the said ovens

page_text: built of brick, stoue, cement and the flues formed through the same, or other suitable
materials may be used.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
In the construction or building of ovens or kilns used for firing or drying articles
of pottery or earthenware, the combination of the bags b, divided fire flues f and
clearing flues i, in the manner, and for the purpose as herein substantially described,
set forth, and fully illustrated on the drawings hereunto annexed.
Dated this 19th day of December 1890.
JOHN NEWTON,
Agent for Applicant.