IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION OF COLORS
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Eugen Lucius, of Frankfort-on-the-Maine, Germany,
but at present residing at Chatham Place, Blackfriars, in the City of
London, Doctor of Philosophy, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
"
Sealed the 26th July 1864, and dated the 5th February 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Eugen Lucius at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
February 1864.
I, EUGEN LUCIUS, of Frankfort-on-the-Maine, Germany, but at present
residing at Chatham Place, Blackfriars, in the City of London, Doctor
of Philosophy, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION OF COLORS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to the separation of colors derived from rosaniline or
its salts by means of aldehyde or its homologues in conjunction with an acid, or
by means of protochloride of tin, or other body or compound capable of pro-
ducing therefrom the colors herein mentioned, such as violet and green colors,
and consists in effecting their separation when in solution by means of certain
bodies or compounds, such as animal or other decolorising charcoal, metallic
sulphides, oxides, basic salts, silica or silicates, finely divided sulphur, china
clay, or kaolin, or other bodies or compounds which possess an affinity for or

page_text: the power of removing coloring matters from solution. I have found that
the affinity for the power of adhering to such substances, compounds, or bodies
is possessed in a greater degree by the blue and violet colors than by the
green color, and I have found that by employing such substances, bodies, or
compounds as possess an affinity for coloring matters in suitable proportions,
that the colors may be separated, and may be subsequently obtained in a
manner suitable for the purposes of dyeing or printing.
In carrying out my Invention I proceed as follows:-I take the solution
containing a mixture of the colors before mentioned, and if necessary I dilute
the same with water, or with water acidulated with sulphuric or other acid,
and I bring the same into contact with, or heat the solution of the mixed
colors either with finely divided animal or other decolorising charcoal, or with
metallic sulphides or with oxides, or with basic salts, or with silica or
silicates, or with finely divided sulphur, or with china, china clay, or with
kaolen, employing them in such quantity that the blue color or the blue
and violet colors are separated, taking care that the quantity employed is
insufficient to precipitate or remove the green color from the solution.
When such separation of the blue color or of the blue and violet colors is
effected, I filter off the green solution, which may be employed in any desired
manner. Having thus separated the solution of the green color from the
residue containing the blue color or the blue and violet colors, I wash the
residue with water, and then submit it to the action of alcohol or of any
other suitable solvent of the color or colors, and the solution resulting I employ
for the purposes of dyeing or printing.
Those substances, bodies, and compounds which I have found to be capable
of effecting the desired separation are animal or other decolorising charcoal,-
metallic sulphides, such as sulphides of arsenic or antimony,-oxides, such as
oxides of tin or antimony,-basic salts, such as basic chloride of antimony, or
basic salts of bismuth,-precipitated silica or silicates, finely divided sulphur,
china clay, and kaolin. But although I have given examples of certain sub-
stances, bodies, and compounds which may be employed for the separation of
the aniline colors, such, for example, as blue, violet, and green colors obtained
as before mentioned, I do not confine myself to these substances, bodies, or
compounds, but I employ any body, substance, or compound which is
insoluble or nearly so in the solution of the colors on which it is desired to
operate, and which possess the property of removing one or more of the colors
from solution.
I may mention, that instead of employing directly any of the compounds
herein mentioned in a solid form, that they may sometimes be advantageously

page_text: formed from and in the solution containing the colors on which it is desired
to operate. Thus a solution of arsenious acid may be added to the solution
of the colors, and sulphuretted hydrogen may be subsequently added instead of
employing directly sulphide of arsenic in a precipitated form; and in like
manner may also some of the metallic oxides, basic salts, silica or silicates be
produced by the employment of suitable salts or compounds capable of
producing the same in the solution in a manner as is well understood by
chemists.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Eugen Lucius in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
4th August 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EUGEN
LUCIUS, of Frankfort-on-the-Maine, Germany, but at present residing at
Chatham Place, Blackfriars, in the City of London, Doctor of Philosophy,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Eugen Lucius, Her special license that I, the said Eugen Lucius,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Eugen Lucius, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION OF COLORS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Eugen Lucius, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, or under the hand
and seal of one of them, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Eugen Lucius, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to

page_text: be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say :-
My Invention relates to the separation of colors derived from rosaniline
or its salts by means of aldehyde or its homologues in conjunction with an
acid or by means of protochloride of tin or other body or compound capable of
producing therefrom the colors herein mentioned, such as violet and green
colors, and consists in effecting their separation when in solution by means of
certain bodies or compounds, such as animal or other decolorising charcoal,
metallic sulphides, oxides, basic salts, silica or silicates, finely divided sulphur,
china clay or kaolin, or other bodies or compounds which possess an
affinity for or the power of removing coloring matters from solution. I have
found that the affinity for or the power of adhering to such substances,, com-
pounds, or bodies is possessed in a greater degree by the blue and violet colors
than by the green color, and I have found that by employing such substances,
bodies, or compounds as possess an affinity for coloring matters in suitable
proportions that the colors may be separated, and may be subsequently
obtained in a manner suitable for the purposes of dyeing or printing.
In carrying out my Invention I proceed as follows:-I take the solution
containing a mixture of the colors before-mentioned, and if necessary I dilute
the same with water, or with water acidulated with sulphuric or other acid,
and I bring the same into contact with or heat the solution of the mixed colors
either with finely divided animal or other decolorising charcoal, or with
metallic sulphides, or with oxides, or with basic salts, or with silica or silicates,
or with finely divided sulphur, or with china clay, or with kaolin, employing
them in such quantity that the blue color or the blue and violet colors are
separated, taking care that the quantity employed is insufficient to precipitate
or remove the green color from the solution. When such separation of the
blue color or of the blue and violet colors is effected I filter off the green
solution, which may be employed in any desired manner. Having thus
separated the solution of the green color from the residue containing the blue
color, or the blue and violet colors, I wash the residue with water and then
submit it to the action of alcohol, or of any other suitable solvent of the color
or colors, and the solution resulting I employ for the purposes of dyeing or
printing.
Those substances, bodies, and compounds which I have found to be capable
of effecting the desired separation are animal or other decolorising charcoal,-
metallic sulphides, such as sulphides of arsenic or antimony,-oxides, such
as oxides of tin or antimony,-basic salts, such as basic chloride of antimony or
basic salts of bismuth,-precipitated silica or silicates,-finely divided sulphur,

page_text: china clay, and kaolin, but although I have given examples of certain
substances, bodies, and compounds which may be employed for the separation
of the aniline colors, such for example as blue, violet, and green colors
obtained as before mentioned, I do not confine myself to these substances,
bodies, or compounds, but I employ any body, substance, or compound which
is insoluble or nearly so in the solution of the colors on which it is desired to
operate and which possess the property of removing one or more of the colors
from solution.
I may mention that instead of employing directly any of the compounds
herein mentioned in a solid form that they may sometimes be advan-
tageously formed from and in the solution containing the colors on which it is
desired to operate. Thus a solution of arsenious acid may be added to the
solution of the colors, and sulphuretted hydrogen may be subsequently
added instead of employing directly sulphide of arsenic in a precipitated
form; and in like manner may also some of the metallic oxides, basic salts,
silica or silicates be produced by the employment of suitable salts or com-
pounds capable of producing the same in the solution in a manner as is well
derstood by shamists
EUGEN LUCIUS. (L.s.)