Improvements in the Manufacture of Pile Fabrics.
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Pile Fabrics.
"I, RICHARD NORVILLE WATSON SMIȚII, Carpet Manufacturer, Stonefield Works,
Paisley, in the County of Renfrew, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
My invention has for its object the manufacture of two shot and three shot
carpets and other fabrics, woven double, face to face, and simultaneously, the two
fabrics being severed with knives either in the loom when weaving or subse-
quently, and in the weaving of which fabrics the binder or fine chains cross only
after every two or three shots of weft have been thrown by the shuttle and the
stuffer chain is weighted and arranged to cross at the weft shot or shots, where the
binder chains do not cross. In this way the two cloths are strained apart by
the stuffer chains when not strained apart by the binder chains.
In one modification of the invention for the production of fabric which for
convenience of description may be called A, I use a stuffer warp in each of the two
cloths the same as is used in working two shot Brussels carpets when made singly
with wires to form the pile, but the stuffer warps are so weighted that after the
two weft shots have been put in simultaneously into the backs of the two cloths
the stuffer warps are taken to the top and bottom of their respective cloths with
such a tension on them as to keep the pile warps that have been drawn from the
one cloth to the other, from dragging the two cloths together. The binder chains
are put in as in a 2-shot Brussels carpet, crossing after two shots of weft have been
inserted, the crossing of those chains being after the face shots are put in each
respective carpet or cloth.
In another modification for the production of fabric which may be called B,
I use two heddles for the stuffer warp for each cloth, raising or lowering each
alternately in their respective cloths. In this cloth the back shot is actually
crossed by the half of the stuffer warp and requires less tension on the stuffer
warps than in cloth A. The fine or binder chains cross as in cloth A.
In a further modification for the production of fabric which may be called C,
I use two stuffer warps as in cloth B and also put in an extra weft shot in the
back of the cloth, and in this way increase the body of the cloth. The fine or
binder chains cross as in cloth A, and are arranged to be clear of the extra weft
shot in the back of the cloth.
1
In weaving cloth A, I proceed as follows:-During the first revolution of the
crank shaft of the loom, No. 1 fine chain in the bottom cloth is raised by a heddle,
high enough for the passage of the shuttle below it, No. 1 fine chain in the top
cloth is lowered by a heddle, low enough to allow the passage of the shuttle above
it and a shot of weft is inserted in each cloth, the stuffer warps and pile warps
all being depressed at this period in the bottom cloth and held up in the top

page_text: cloth. In the second revolution, in the bottom cloth No. 2 fine chain is raised
and No. 1 fine chain lowered; and the stuffer and pile warps that are not selected
to form the design are raised the same height as the fine chain. The pile warp
to form the design may be raised to the top of the top cloth or lowered from the
top cloth to the bottom of the bottom cloth as arranged and selected in the Jacquard
machine by the design and cards. In the top cloth No. 2 fine chain is lowered
and No. 1 fine chain is raised. The stuffer warps and pile warps are lowered to
the same extent as No. 2 fine chain sufficient to allow the shuttle to
above them, and simultaneously a shot of weft is inserted in each cloth. In the
third revolution No. 2 fine chains remain as they were in each case as in the
second revolution, the other warps being all raised and lowered to the bottom and
top of their respective cloths and simultaneously a shot of weft is inserted in
each cloth.
cross
In the fourth revolution, the operations are the same as in the second revolution,.
but the fine chains No. 1 are lowered in the top cloth and raised in the bottom
cloth; the fine chains No. 2 are raised in the top cloth and lowered in the bottom
cloth, and simultaneously a weft shot is inserted in each cloth.
In weaving cloth B, in the first revolution the operations are the same as
in cloth A, in the second revolution the same as in cloth A. but No. 1 stuffers are
lowered in top cloth and raised in the bottom cloth. Stuffers No. 2 are held up
in the top cloth and held down in the bottom cloth. In the third revolution the
operations are the same as in cloth A and in the fourth revolution the same as in
cloth A. Stuffers No. 1 are held up in the top cloth and held down in the bottom
cloth. Stuffers No. 2 are lowered in the top cloth and raised up in the
bottom cloth.
In weaving cloth C, the operations in the first revolution are the
same as in cloth A; in the second revolution the same as in cloth B;
in the third revolution fine chains Nos. 1 and 2 are lowered in the
top cloth and raised in the bottom cloth; the Jacquard and comber-
board are lowered in the top cloth and raised in the bottom cloth; stuffers
No. 1 are. raised in the bottom cloth and lowered in the top cloth; stuffers No. 2
are raised in the top cloth and lowered in the bottom cloth, and simultaneously
the third shots of weft are inserted in their respective cloths. The fourth revolu-
tion is the same as No. 3 in cloth A. The fifth revolution is the same as No. 4
in cloth B. The sixth revolution is the same as No. 3 in cloth C, but No. 2
stuffers are lowered in the top cloth and raised in the bottom cloth. Stuffers
No. 1 are raised in the top cloth and lowered in the bottom cloth and simul-
taneously the sixth shots of weft are inserted in their respective cloths.
. In the two weaves of cloths A and B the binder chains only cross each other
after two shots of weft have been woven into these cloths and this allows a
heavier weft to be used and also a stuffer warp to be used and so fills up the cloth
to a weight suitable for carpets and other fabrics.
In the weave of cloth C the binder chains only cross each other after three shots
of weft have been woven into this cloth and the third shot being put in the back
between the two stuffer chains, a very heavy cloth is made suitable for carpets
and other fabrics.
For stuffers I may use cotton or other yarn and may have one thread in each
split of the reed, or less or more than one thread in each split of the reed.
1011
a
1
100%
WALLACE FAIRWEATHER,
Of the Firm of Cruikshank & Fairweather,
Chartered Patent Agents,
Saint Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agent for the Applicant

page_text: I, RICHARD NORVILLE WATSON SMITH, Carpet Manufacturer, Stonefield Works,
Paisley, in the County of Renfrew, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention has for its object the manufacture of two shot and three shot
carpets and other fabrics, woven double, face to face, and simultaneously, the two
fabrics being severed with knives either in the loom when weaving or subse-
quently, and in the weaving of which fabrics the binder or fine chains-cross only
after every two or three shots of weft have been thrown by the shuttle and the stuffer
chains or warps are so weighted and arranged that they assist to strain the two
cloths apart where the binder chains do not cross. In this way the two cloths
are strained apart by the stuffer chains when not strained apart by the binder
chains.
The invention is illustrated under three modifications by the accompanying
drawings, the several figures being vertical sections through the cloth parallel
with the warp.
In one modification of the invention for the production of fabric illustrated at
Figure 1, I use a stuffer warp A, A¹, in each of the two cloths B, B', the same as
is used in working two shot Brussels carpets when made singly with wires to
form the pile, but the stuffer warps A, A', are so weighted that after the two weft
shots C, C, have been put in simultaneously into the backs of the two cloths B, B₁,
respectively, and the pile warps D D have been taken to the top and bottom of
their respective cloths these stuffer warps are strained apart with such a tension
on them as to keep the pile warps D, D', that have been drawn from the one
cloth to the other, from dragging the two cloths together. The binder chains E,
E, E, E, are put in as in a 2-shot Brussels carpet, crossing each other after two
shots of weft have been inserted, the crossing of those chains being as shewn
after the face shots are put in each respective carpet or cloth.
In another modification for the production of fabric illustrated by Figure 2 I
use two stuffer warps A, A', A2, A3, for each cloth B, B¹. In this cloth the back
shots C, C, are actually crossed by the half of the stuffer warp A, A1, A2, A3, and
require less tension on the stuffer warps than in cloth illustrated by Figure 1.
The fine or binder chains E, E1, E2, E3, cross as before mentioned.
In a further modification for the production of fabric illustrated at Figure 3,
I use two stuffer warps A, A1, A2, A3, as in Figure 2, and also put in extra weft
shots C, C, in the back of the cloths, and in this way increase the body of the
cloths. The fine or binder chains E, E1, E2, E3, cross as in cloth illustrated at
Figures 1 and 2, and are arranged to be clear of the extra weft shot in the back
of the cloth.
In weaving cloth illustrated by Figure 1, I proceed as follows:-During the
first revolution of the crank shaft of the loom, fine chain E2 in the bottom cloth B
is raised by a heddle, high enough for the passage of the shuttle below it, fine
chain E in the top cloth is lowered by a heddle, low enough to allow the passage
of the shuttle above it, and a shot C, C¹, of weft is inserted in the face of each
cloth B, B; respectively, the stuffer warps A', A, and pile warps D', D, all being
depressed at this period in the bottom cloth B₁ and held up in the top cloth B.
In the second revolution, in the bottom cloth B' fine chain E3 is raised and fine
chain Es lowered; and the stuffer and pile warps that are not selected to form the
design are raised the same height as the fine chain. The pile warps D, D¹, to

page_text: form the design may be raised to the top of the top cloth B or lowered from the
top cloth to the bottom of the bottom cloth 131 as arranged and selected in the
Jacquard machine by the design and cards. In the top cloth B fine chain E¹ is
lowered and fine chain E is raised. The stuffer warps and pile warps are lowered
and raised in their respective cloths to the same extent as fine chain E¹ sufficient
to allow the shuttle to cross above them, and simultaneously a shot C, C, of weft,
is inserted in the back of each cloth B, B. In the third revolution fine
chains E¹, E3, remain as they were in each case as in the second revolution, the
other warps being all raised and lowered to the bottom and top of their respective
cloths and simultaneously a shot of weft is inserted in the face of each cloth..
In the fourth revolution, the operations are the same as in the second revolu-
tion, but the fine chains E, E³, are respectively lowered in the top cloth B and
raised in the bottom cloth B'; the fine chains E¹, E³, are raised in the top cloth B
and lowered in the bottom cloth B₁, and simultaneously weft shots C, C', 'are
inserted in the backs of their respective cloths.
!.
In weaving cloth illustrated at Figure 2, in the first revolution the operations
are the same as in cloth illustrated at Figure 1, in the second revolution the same,
but A, A, stuffers are lowered in top cloth B and raised in the bottom cloth B.
Stuffers A', A3, are held up in the top cloth B and held down in the bottom
cloth 13 respectively. In the third revolution the operations are the same as in
cloth (Figure 1) and in the fourth revolution the same as said cloth, but
stuffers A, A, are held up in the top cloth B and held down in the bottom cloth B¹,
stuffers A, A, are lowered in the top cloth B and raised up in the bottom cloth B¹.
In weaving cloth illustrated at Figure 3, the operations in the first revolution
are the same as described at Figure 1; in the second revolution the same as
described with reference to Figure 2; in the third revolution fine chains E, E¹,
E³, E³, are lowered in the top cloth B and raised in the bottom cloth B'; the
Jacquard and comberboard are lowered in the bottom cloth B and raised in the
bottom cloth B¹; stuffers A, A2 are still kept raised in the top cloth B and lowered
in the bottom cloth B₁; stuffers A1, A3, are kept lowered in the top cloth B and
raised in the bottom cloth B¹, and simultaneously the third shots of weft C2, C3,
are inserted in the backs of their respective cloths B, B. The fourth revolution
is the same as the third revolution described with reference to Figure 1. The
fifth revolution is the same as the fourth revolution described with reference to
Figure 2. The sixth revolution is the same as the third revolution described with
reference to Figure 3, but A1, A3, stuffers are kept raised in the top cloth and
lowered in the bottom cloth. Stuffers A, A, 'are kept lowered in the top cloth B
and raised in the bottom cloth B' and simultaneously the sixth shots of weft are
inserted in the backs of their respective cloths B, 11.
In the two weaves of cloths illustrated at Figures 1 and 2 the binder chains E,
E', E2, E3, only cross each other after two shots of weft C, C¹, have been woven
into these cloths and this allows a heavier weft to be used and also a stuffer warp
to be used and so fills up the cloth to a weight suitable for carpets and other
fabrics.
In the weave of cloth illustrated at Figure 3, the binder chains E, E¹, E³, E³,
only cross each other after three shots of weft C, C1, C2, C3, have been woven into
this cloth and the third shot being put in the back between the two stuffer
chains A, A¹, A³, A³, a very heavy cloth is made suitable for carpets and other
fabrics.
For stuffers I may use cotton or other yarn and may have one thread in each
split of the reed, or less or more than one thread in each split of the reed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. The manufacture of carpets and other fabrics substantially in the improved

page_text: manner herein before described with reference to Figure 1 of the annexed
drawings.
2. The manufacture of carpets and other fabrics substantially in the improved
manner hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 2 of the annexed
drawings.
3. The manufacture of carpets and other fabrics substantially in the improved
manner hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 3 of the annexed
drawings.
WALLACE FAIRWEATHER,
Of the Firm of Cruikshank & Fairweather,
Chartered Patent Agents,
62, Saint Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agent for the Applicant.