LININGS FOR TUNNELS OR SUBWAYS
Year: 1886

page_text: I THOMAS NEWMAN of No 4 Thom Place near the Old Church Ealing in the
county of Middlesex, Clothier do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
LININGS FOR TUNNELS OR SUBWAYS and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention is designed to form a lining or partial lining for Tunnels or
Subways in such a manner that it may be readily applied either to the formation
of such Tunnels or Subways or to the repair of the whole or of portions of them
by lining the brick or other faces by means of metal bars or plates supported at
suitable intervals by metal spans ribs or girders such ribs or girders being either
formed in one piece or of sections bolted together as may be most convenient.
These ribs or girders may either end in feet embedded in concrete, brickwork or
masonry or they may continue throughout the entire inner circumference or section
of the Tunnel or subway and rest with their inverts upon or embedded in concrete,
brickwork or masonry.
The ribs or girders may be of any required section or form having smooth flat
backs, tops or bottoms and behind these I place, with their ends meeting in the
centres of the backs, bottoms or tops of the ribs or girders, flat metal bars or
plates; these bars or plates are perforated with holes for bolts at such a distance
from their ends as will allow then and the bolts when inserted to just clear the
side of the rib or girder.
Before placing the bars or plates in position I fix in each hole a bolt with its
head abutting on the face of the tunnel or subway and having a threaded end to
carry a nut which is of sufficient size to project well over the face of the rib or
girder and take a bearing thereon when screwed up and thus keep the bar or plate
in position.
I may if desired employ a metal strap passing across the face of the girder or
rib having holes therein to receive the ends of the before-mentioned bolts before
the nuts are screwed thereon.
The ribs or girders are placed at regular intervals according to the determined
length of the bars or plates so that the ends of the same may meet in the centre of
the ribs or girders and fitting end to end form a continuous lining horizontally and,
being placed on top of each other and built up from the bottomn, vertically or
circumferentially and thus forming when desired a close and compact lining
throughout.

page_text: In the accompanying drawings by way of illustrating my invention I have
shewn the ribs.or girders fixed 30 inches apart and of a section 6ins x 4 ins and
having bars or plates also 6 ins x 4 ins fitting close together but I do not bind
myself to any dimensions or numbers which must be determined by the nature of
the works on which my invention may be used.-
Referring to the said drawings
Fig. 1. is a sectional perspective of a Tunnel lined by means of my invention.
Fig. 2 an end elevation of rib or girder and section of lining bars or plates.
Fig. 3 a side elevation of above.
Fig. 4 sketch of strap.
The girders or ribs A are fixed in position within the Tunnel or subway and at
such a distance from the face or brick lining C as may allow of the bars or plates B
being packed and fixed behind them as closely as may be desired.
The bars or plates B have at each end bolt holes in such positions as before
described and in these are placed before being fixed in position the screwed bolts D
of such a length as to pass through the bars B, past the sides of ribs A through
straps F (if required) and to receive nuts E when screwed thereon so as to ensure
the bars or plates B being drawn up to and tightly fixed against ribs or girders A.
If desired a strap F (Fig. 4) having holes at either end to receive ends of bolts D
may be passed over the same before the nuts are applied so as to ensure the bolts
remaining in position.
After a convenient number of bars or plates B have been secured in position the
intervening space between back of same and face of Tunnel C may be packed or
filled with cement or other suitable material if desired so as to form a solid and
continuous lining.
If it be desired to entirely line the tunnel a convenient number of bars or plates
may be inserted without the usual bolts.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
Applying to Tunnels or Subways linings consisting of ribs or girders A placed
at suitable intervals and bars or plates B packed behind them secured by bolts the
nuts of which can overlap the girders A substantially as described and illustrated
by the accompanying drawings.