Improved Safety Appliances for Window Cleaning, Painting, and the like.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Dec., 1838
Complete Specification Left, 30th May, 1889-Accepted, 20th July, 1889.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Safety Appliances for Window Cleaning, Painting, and
the like.
JAMES LANE 225 St. Georges Road Preston County of Lancaster Joiner do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention, is to provide, a cheap, and effectual means of
protection for persons when cleaning windows and such like purposes.
This invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of portable, and
combine seats, and guards, for the purpose aforesaid; whereby the cost of pro-
duction is greatly reduced, whilst equal stability with those of a more expensive
nature is maintained, which is one of the objects of this invention.
In the first place, I provide cross bars of wood, iron, or steel, to which I bolt
rivet screw, or otherwise fix battens or longitude bars of iron, or steel, of as
suitable strength and number as required. Boards may, however, be used in lieu
thereof. I sometimes dispense with cross-bars, and substitute them with clamps,
into which I tenon the battens, or boards, half an inch more or less, and in
addition thereto I dowel the one to the other.
The seat and guard may, or may not, have a folding action; if made to fold,
I prefer employing iron, or steel cross-hars, in which case those of the guard are
pivoted to those of the seat; otherwise they may be hinged in the ordinary way;
in all cases I provide angle stays, or brackets, to be fixed or attachable to the seat
and guard respectively.
This invention also relates to means whereby the said seat and guard are supported
and secured, for the purpose set forth; the front part of the seat rests upon the
window frame sill, its back part is elevated by bearers fixed thereto, and is thereby
supported from the stone sill, to the outward extent of the same.
According to, the first arrangement, by which I prefer carrying this part of my
invention into effect, I employ (what is termed in architecture,) the window
nosing in conjunction with the cross-bars of the seat, or any substitute thereof,
or appendage attached thereto, having connection with the seat and nosing
respectively, for the purpose of secureing in a reliable manner, the one to the
other; and furthermore, as a means of counteracting the weight of the occupant
on the back part of the seat which extends outwardly beyond the stone sill.
The said cross-bars are sometimes adapted to take against the underside of
the nosing, otherwise additional means are provided for that purpose, and whereas
nosings vary, both in their width, and in the extent at which they are fixed from the
top sides of window frame sills, the said cross-bars, their equivalents, or appendages,
are adapted and adjustable accordingly; for, which purpose I sometimes employ the
following methods.
I affix to each of the said cross-bars, at their extreme ends, or nearly so, a verticle
screw extending downward from the same, and upon which a nut furnished with two
opposite wings is caused to engage, which said wings are adapted to take against the
underside of the nosing, and are actuated by the thumb and finger. A horizontal
arm may be provided in lieu of the winged nut, having two jaws for the purpose of
The said
grasping the nosing, one of which may be operated by means of a screw.
verticle screw in this case carries a wheel upon its upper extremity, by which to effect
its rotation, for the purpose of raising and lowering the arm in addition thereto,
or in lieu thereof. Travelling horizontal wedges," or thumb screws, may be
employed, or other equivalent devices if specially required.
According to a modification of the immediate preceding arrangement, I sometimes
provide an annliance which is fixed to the window frame sill, or to any suitable

page_text: fixture in the interior of the building, and below the window, upon, against, or
into which said appliance, the aforesaid cross-bars, their appendages, or equivalents,
engage, take. or enter, for the purpose set forth. In this case a central connecting
appliance may be provided, and fixed to the seat, in lieu of adapting the said cross-
bars for that purpose.
Suitable provision is made to prevent the detachment of the connecting appliances
thus employed, except when necessary.
This part of my invention relates in like manner, to temporary platforms, for
the purpose herein aforesaid.
This invention furthermore relates to means of adapting, and thereby secureing
step-ladders, for the purpose aforesaid, and as herein described; it is obvious that
step-ladders, as used in general, are unreliable and inconvenient for the purpose
of cleaning the outside of window sashes from the interior of the building, and by
the employment of which, the operator is exposed to serious, or fatal accidents,
which is the chief object of my invention to obviate.
The inside sash is provided with means, and thereby adapted to serve, as the
upper support for the step-ladder, and likewise as a support for the operator when
leaning thereon, whilst occupied in cleaning the outside of the sashes.
The said sash is first elevated to the position required, and fixed, or supported
thereat, for which purpose I employ the following arrangements.
Sometimes I provide a small C cramp which is caused to grasp the stop bead, and
is secured thereto, underneath the said sash, whose downward sliding movement is
prevented thereby; or the pulley stiles may have holes provided to receive pins or
bolts, and upon an outward projecting part of which the sash may rest, or a
standard may be provided and adapted for its support, either of which alternative
methods are adequate for the purpose of my invention.
The step-ladder, or its appendages are designed to have a lean to bearing against
the meeting rail of the inside sash, and which is provided with means for taking
against the top side, and outer face of the same, for the purpose of preventing
the step-ladder giving way at the foot thereof, to which it will have a natural
tendency when employed for the purpose set forth. Other means may however he
employed for preventing the step-ladder from giving way, as aforesaid, in the nature
of connecting appliances fixed thereto, which are attachable to corresponding ones
fixed to the sash, or other fixture suitably situated for that purpose.
The original stay frame of the step-ladder, is sometimes adapted to serve also for
the extention of the same, when employed for the purpose herein set forth; in which
case plates are fixed to its upper extremety, adapted to take upon the meeting rail
as aforesaid, and for the purpose thereof; or the said plates, or their equivalents, in
the nature of rods, or bars, may be adapted to effect a similar purpose in lieu of the
stay frame. In each case means are provided in the nature of set screws, pins, or
otherwise for the adjustment of the extention device at any given point required.
India rubber or other such like pliable material may be applied to the bottom ends of
the uprights, to prevent the same from having any sliding movement upon polished
or other un arpeted floors; the same may be used in connection with any part of
this invention when requisite, to prevent the defacement of paint from the effects of
its application thereof.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Safety Appliances for Window Cleaning, Painting, and
the like.
James Lane 225 St. Georges Road Preston County of Lancaster Joiner, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
The object of this invention is to provide a cheap and effectual means of protection

page_text: as shown in Figs. 1, and 2, or Figs. 3, and 4, and as herein before described, except
I may sometimes substitute the iron or steel cross-bars 4, by those of wood. The
aforesaid apparatus is likewise furnished with bearers, 8, of any suitable material
affixable to cross-bars 2, clamps 5, or batons 1, by which it is supported from the
stone-sill, whilst the front part of the seat obtains its bearing upon the window-frame-
sill; as shown. In some cases the seat obtains an abutment against the window-bead,
either by its front battens, or by the ends of its cross-bars, as the case may be ;
otherwise the adjustable bars are caused to abut against the outer face of the window-
frame-sill, as shown in Fig. 2. The aforesaid apparatus is furthermore furnished with
angle-stays, or brackets, for the purpose of holding the guard in a suitable position
in relation to the seat when opened out for use in the folding apparatus, or when
permanently, or removably fixed, in the non-folding apparatus. The stays which by
preference I employ in connection with the folding apparatus, are chains, 10, as
shown in Fig. 1, or their equivalents, of a pliable nature, or folding stays, 11, as shown
in Fig. 4, either of which are capable of folding and unfolding with the apparatus,
and thereby unnecessitating the attachment, and detachment of the same, to, and from,
the seat or guard, on each occasion when the apparatus is employed, both for
convenience and safety. When I employ chains, or the like they are connected to
eye-bolts 12, whose opposite ends are screw-threaded to receive nuts, by which they
are secured to the seat and guard respectively. I sometimes employ folding stays, 11,
which respectively consist of two plates of iron or steel, pivoted together, as shown
in Fig. 4, and whose extreme ends are pivoted upon plates affixable to the seat
and guard respectively. When the apparatus is not intended to fold, I fix inflexible
stays, or ordinary angle-brackets, to the seat and guard respectively, which may, or
may not, be removable for transit. Previous to describing the means I may employ,
and the methods I may adopt, for securing an apparatus as aforesaid, and adjusting
the same upon window-sills for the purpose herein set forth, it may be necessary to
state that this part of my invention may be modified in various ways, without
departing from the nature and object of the same, as will be evident, and for which
purpose the arrangements as hereinafter described, and shown, are illustrative thereof.
In some cases I employ (what is termed in architecture,) the window-nosing, or
window-board; but which I shall hereinafter term "the nosing," as a means of
securing the aforesaid apparatus without the aid of special appliances, such as are
employed in Figs. 3, and 4, providing the said nosing is firmly fixed to the window-
frame-sill, by which it is capable of resisting the pressure of one, or either of the
connecting and adjustable devices, as shown, and hereinafter described, the weight of
the operator being counteracted thereby, whilst sitting upon, and leaning back against,
those parts of the apparatus which overhang the stone-sill. I sometimes adapt the
cross-bars 2, when composed of iron or steel, as shown in Fig. 2, to take underneath
the nosing when fixed at the lowest usual depth from the top side of the window-frame-
sill, (that is to say three inches or there about); I likewise employ adjustable thumb-
screws, 13, in connection therewith, by which the same are rigidly adjusted to nosings
varying in the depth of their fixture, as the case may be.
The thumb-screws 13 are caused to engage against the underside of the nosing,
whilst to prevent their accidental detachment therefrom, I employ adjustable plates, 14,
affixable to bearers 8, by bolts entering through the same, and likewise through
slots, 15, formed in the said plates, and whose respective ends receive winged-nuts, 16,
by the operation of which, the said adjustable plates are secured at any point desirable
to the extent of the slots, by which they are capable of a to and fro movement, and
whose ends are caused to obtain an abutment against the outer face of the window-
frame-sill, as shown, for the purpose of the horizontal adjustment of the apparatus,
however varied in width the nosings to which it is applicable. In applying an
apparatus as, and having the aforesaid mode of adjustment, the bent ends of the
cross-bars 2 are kept beneath the nosing whilst placing the saine upon window-sills
as will be well understood. When the cross-bars of the seat are of wood, I employ
connecting bars, 17, as shown in Fig. 6,-which I secure upon the top of the seat by
guards, 18, and 19, fixed thereto, and capable of allowing the said connecting bar

page_text: a to and fro movement in the transverse direction of the same, as shown. The
aforesaid connecting bars are adjustable by the operation of the thumb-screws, 20,
engaging in, and entering through, the guards 19, and whose respective ends take
into holes or impressions provided in the said connecting bars, by which their
adjustment in relation to the seat is effected, whilst their adjustment in relation to the
nosing, is the same as aforesaid. I may sometimes connect the apparatus to the
nosing by means of a chain and cotter-pin, similar to, and connected to the seat in
like manner, as the chain, 51 and cotter pin, 31, as shown in Fig. 9 except in the
length thereof, and the adaption of its links to receive the said cotter-pin, which is
caused to enter through a hole provided in the nosing with the available part of the
chain, after which, when drawn down tight, the said cotter-pin is inserted through
that link in nearest proximity to the underside of the nosing, against which it obtains
a bearing for the purpose of securing the apparatus thereto, as aforesaid. A tube, or
plate may be fixed in, or around the top of the holo provided in the nosing, in
a similar way, and for a similar purpose, to that of an ordinary escutcheon in relation
to a keyhole. Sometimes I may extend the cross-bars 2 horizontally, in which
extension I provide a series of holes, or slots, as shown in Fig. 6, for the purpose of
adapting the adjustable device to nosings varying in their width, as herein aforesaid.
The vertical-screws, 23, enter through the said slots, or holes, and whose wheel shaped
heads obtain a firm hold on the top sides of the cross-bars, whilst they are rigidly
held in position by winged-nuts, 25, engaging upon the said vertical-screw, and
taking a bearing against the underside of the said cross-bars; the adjustable winged-
nuts, 26, likewise engaging upon the said vertical-screws, are adjusted to the underside
of the nosing by rotation thereon, and are furnished with set-screws, 27, whose sharp
pointed ends are caused to enter into the underside of the nosing, by which their
accidental rotation is prevented when in operation. I sometimes modify the
construction and arrangement of the adjustable winged-nuts aforesaid, by their vertical
extension, and additional horizontal projecting pieces, 38, as shown in Fig. 8, which
take upon the top side of the nosing, and the faces of which, adjacent thereto, are
lined with leather or the like, and in which arrangement the thumb-screws 27,
are blunt ended, for the purpose of taking a bearing against the nosing, which,
together with the said horizontal projecting pieces, is grasped thereby. Loose jaws
may be employed to act with thumb-screws 27, though not essentially so, in
which case they are pivoted to the adjustable winged-nuts 26, as modified in this
arrangement, and which are raised and lowered to a suitable position for adjustment
in relation to the nosing, by the rotation of the said wheel shaped heads, as will
be evident, after slackening the pressure of the winged nuts 25; washers, or
affixable plates, may be employed between the said wheel shaped heads and the
top sides of the cross-bars. In some cases it may be preferable, in others necessary,
to employ the following, instead of the immediate preceding arrangements, for
the following reasons: -mouldings are sometimes fixed underneath nosings, for
architectural effects, which leave insufficient hold, against which, the adjustable
arrangements may obtain a reliable bearing. Furthermore, when windows are
furnished with sliding shutters, similar disadvantages arise, which may necessarily
be met by the following methods; in which case I employ corresponding appliances
affixable to the seat, and the inner face of the window-frame-sill, as shown in Figs. 4,
and 9, or for convenience, to the underside of the nosing, or to the skirting-board,
or floor, as the case may be; and which furthermore for cottagers having but few
windows for which to provide special appliances, in substitution of nosings, it may be
found more economical. In the connection of the seat and the window-frame-sill, by
preference I employ the link, 22, connected to the seat, as shown, and as hereafter
described; or I may substitute the link by a suitable equivalent thereof, capable of attach-
ment to the following corresponding appliances, which may consist of a receiving plate, 29,
or in lieu thereof, a hook button headed pin, or the like, fixed to or formed with the plate, 30,
which in turn, is affixable to the window-frame-sill, as shown and described. Of course it
is immaterial whether I employ a link or a slotted plate in lieu thereof, or whether the loop
of the said link, or the slot in the plate, is arranged as shown, or in a transverse manner,

page_text: a
provided the corresponding appliances are adapted thereto, and although one set of
such appliances, as shown, is ample, two or more may be used if desirable. By pre-
ference I connect the link, or its substitute, to the seat by a rod affixable thereto, after
cutting away a necessary portion of the front edge thereof, between the points of
fixture, as shown, or by otherwise adapting the said rod so that the link, or its sub-
stitute, may have a sliding and swivel like action thereon, to facilitate its application
to any corresponding appliance, as aforesaid. Or the said rod may be substituted by
an ordinary plate, or other suitable means affixable to the seat. When 1 employ
corresponding link and receiving-plate, I furnish the same with a cotter-pin, 31, con-
nected to the said rod by a chain whose function is to secure the same to the receiving-
plate. I may otherwise employ the said link in connection with a hook, or button
headed pin or I may reverse the arrangement, and substitute the link by a hook
in conjunction with the said receiving plate, in either case it will be necessary in
the application thereof, to hold the seat erect, or nearly so, whilst attaching the
respective appliances, then by lowering the apparatus upon the window-sill, the
connecting appliances will maintain a rigid, and unremovable hold to each other,
until the back of the seat is elevated for the detachment of the same. For the con-
venience of fixing the plate to the window-frame-sill, as shown, and for the stability
thereof it is adapted to permit the screws to enter the window-frame-sill in a down-
ward slanting direction, by which they obtain a more reliable hold thereto; whilst the
top or bent end of the said plate takes hold upon the top of the window-bead, to
prevent its being drawn down below the uniform depth required in relation thereto,
and necessary for the application of the link, and whereby the same may be fixed by
a person of ordinary skill without difficulty. One, or either of the aforesaid appliances
may be employed in like manner in connection with the underside of the nosing,
when a chain, reliable strap, or cord, may be used in connection with, or in lieu of,
the said link, or its substitute aforesaid. The same also applies to the skirting
board, or floor, as herein aforesaid, in case of decayed window-frame-sills, or other
disadvantages relative thereto. This part of my invention also relates to portable
platforms, when in addition to its function, as aforesaid, the apparatus is adapted, and
employed as such, in which case it will be necessary to fix one, or either of the afore-
said connecting appliances to the skirting-board, or floor, or to both, or other reliable
fixture in the situation thereof. This invention furthermore relates to the adaption of
step-ladders as auxiliary requirements to those of the apparatus aforesaid, and likewise
the adaption and utilization of the inside sash as the upper supports thereof, in the
manner shown, and hereafter described. It is obvious that step-ladders as usod in
general are unreliable and inconvenient for the purpose of cleaning and painting the
outsides of windows from the interior of the building, and by the employment of which,
the operator is exposed to serious or fatal accidents, which is the cheif object of my
invention to obviate. Instead of employing the step-ladder, as supported by the stay-
frame in the original way, I employ the inside sash, and adapt it for that purpose,
and likewise as a support for the operator when leaning thereon in the operation afore-
said, which, especially in case of deep windows, offers great facility in substitution
of ladders, or other outside appliances. The said sash, in turn, is supported by the
following, or other equivalent means:-I may sometimes employ a cramp, as shown
in operative position in Fig. 12, and likewise in full sized section in Fig. 16, whose
inner face adjacent to the flat edge of the head is roughened, whilst the swivel-
plate, 34, pivoted upon the end of the thumb-screw, 33, is fluted, and faced with
leather or the like, and takes against the rounded edge of the window-bead, as shown,
and which, by the operation of the screw is grasped by the said cramp, and upon which
the sash is supported as desired. In lieu of a swivel-plate I may use a standard, as
shown in Fig. 17, whose fluted face is pressed against the rounded edge of the said
bead by the operation of the thumb-screw 33, the end of which, takes into impressions
formed therein. For a cheaper mode of supporting the sash, the pulley-stiles are pro-
vided with holes at the height required, when ordinary pins, of a corresponding
size to the holes, are provided, and caused to enter through the same, upon the
outer projecting ends of which, the sash may rest. To guard against the instability

page_text: of decayed meeting rails, as the upper support for the step-ladder, and likewise as a
support for the operator to lean upon when in operation as aforesaid, I provide
auxiliary protection bars, which, by preference, consist of a bar, 36, of wood, havin;
clips, 37, fixed thereto, through which, bars, 40, of iron are capable of a sliding
movement, and which, respectively, have fixed thereto, clips, 39, which embrace the
bar 36, and in like manner, as aforesaid, slide thereon, the object of which is to increase
or diminish the extent of the same, by which they are adaptable to windows of
various widths, as may be requisite; and which said bars are adjustable thereto by
the operation of the thumb-screws, 41, which are caused to press against the bar 36,
the T-shaped ends of the bars 40 obtain a bearing upon the top ends of the sash-stiles
situated between the inner, and outer window-beads, by which they are rigidly kept
in position during operation. When the aforesaid protection bars are employed, their
relation to, and connection with, the step-ladder and its appendages, are the same as
that of the meeting rail, for which they are substituted. Of course, it will be evident
that equivalent bars of iron or wood, of a modified arrangement, may be employed ;
but for combined strength, and facility of application, I prefer the aforesaid. In case
the sash is new, or of a reliable nature, it will not be necessary to employ protection
bars. In adapting step-ladders for the purpose aforesaid, I do not confine myself to
any particular mode of construction.
This invention refers to any step-ladder capable of being adapted to the require-
ments thereof; but by preference I employ those of the ordinary type, as used for
domestic purposes,
and for which they are intended to serve in addition thereto. In most
cases it
may be necessary to employ means for the extension thereof, by which shorter
ones may be adapted to serve the required purpose as effectually, as those of two-
thirds greater length, having no means of extension, and for which purpose, by
preference, I employ the stay-frame 28 in the following manner, and as shown in
Figs. 12, and 13-The plate, 42, as shown in Figs. 15, and 16, is fixed to the back edge
of the step, as shown in Fig. 12, and whose respective ends are adapted to serve as
guards, 43, in connection with which, are adjustable bolts, 44, whose action is similar
to that of ordinary barrel-bolts, as hereinafter described; whilst the edge of the step
below, and adjacent thereto, as shown, projects the thickness of the said stay-frame, to
the intervening extent between the stiles of the same, which, in conjunction with the
bent ends of the plate 42, serves to guide the stay-frame, when employed as aforesaid.
The guards 43 enter through notches, 52, cut out of the stiles; whilst for the exten-
sion aforesaid, on sliding the stay-frame 28 in an upward direction, the said guards
take against the face of the stiles, by which, the release of the same from the step-
ladder is prevented, until brought back to its original position, when its connection with
the step-ladder, and likewise its facility for folding, and unfolding therewith, is effected
for its original purpose. I fix to the back edges of the uprights, and at the top ends
thereof, plates, 45, having axles fixed thereto, or formed therewith, capable of receiving
the books, 46, which I fix to the stay frame, and which take upon the said axles,
having an effectual hold thereon previous to the release of the said guards from the
stiles thereof, after which the thumb-screws, 47, are caused to take underneath the
said axles, and thereby serve as a bearing for the same. For the adjustment of
the stay-frame, when employed for the extension of the step-ladder, I provide a series
of corresponding holes in the inside edges of the stiles thereof, as shown in Fig. 12,
into which the bolts 44 are caused to enter, according to the extension desirable. In
connecting the stay-frame to the meeting rail of the sash, for the purpose of preventing
the step-ladder giving way at the foot thereof, I employ connecting hooks, 48, as
shown in Fig. 12, hinged to plates, 49, affixable to the said stay-frame: the action of
the said hinges are stiffened so that the hooks will maintain their position when
opened back for use, and whose ends enter through holes, 50, provided in the stay-
frame, when not in use. The hooks 48, are adapted to take against the top side and
outer face of the meeting rail, and against the inner face of which, the back parts of
the said hooks obtain a lean to bearing. When wood or iron extension bars are used,
as hereinafter described, similar connecting hooks are fixed thereto, or formed thereon,
as aforesaid; or in case no extension appliances are employed, then they are affixable

page_text: to the uprights of the step-ladder, or to the stay-frame, as shown. Instead of adapting
and employing the stay-frame 28, for the purpose aforesaid, I may employ extension
bars of wood or iron in substitution thereof, and which may be secured thereto, or to
the uprights of the step-ladder, by guards, similar to those employed with connecting
bars, 17, as shown in Fig. 5, and whose adjustment is similar thereto. Other means
may, however, be employed in substitution of the connecting hooks 48, to prevent the
step-ladder giving way at the foot thereof when employed for the purposo aforesaid,
in the nature of connecting appliances affixable thereto, which may consist of chains,
cords, or their equivalents, capable of attachment to corresponding appliances affixablo
to any suitable fixture in the interior of the building. India-rubber or other such
like pliable material may be applied to the hottom ends of the uprights of the step-
ladder, to prevent the same from having any sliding movement upon polished or
other uncarpeted floors: the same may be used in connection with any part of this
invention, to prevent the defacement of paint from the effects of its application.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1st. In the seat of a folding or non-folding apparatus, consisting of a combined seat
and guard, with its necessary appendages for window cleaning and such like purposes,
as shown in Fig. 1, and Fig. 2, the use of battens 1, instead of boards, as usually
employed, to be arranged in the manner as shown and described for the object set
forth.
2nd. In an apparatus as aforesaid, the improved arrangement of the guard, as illus-
trated in Fig. 2, consisting of battens 3, or their substitutes in boards fixed to cross-
bars 4, of iron or steel, adapted to, and operating in conjunction with, cross-bars 2,
or their substitutes, substantially, in the manner, and for the purpose set forth.
3rd. In an apparatus as aforesaid, the modified and improved construction of the
seat and guard respectively, to be employed in conjunction with each other or other-
wise, and as illustrated in Figs. 3, and 4, in reference to battens 1, clamps 5, cross-
pieces 6, and battens, or rails 9, tenoned and dowelled together substantially, as shown
and specified for the purpose set forth.
4th. In an apparatus as aforesaid, the employment of pliable or folding stays, such
as chains, or the like, stays 11, or their equivalents, capable of folding and unfolding
with the seat and guard, substantially, in the manner, and for the purpose set forth.
5th. The use of the nosing as berein before defined, as a means of securing, in con-
junction with the connecting and adjustable arrangements, referred to in claims 6, 7, 8,
and 9, an apparatus with, or without, folding requirements when employed in the
manner, and for the purpose set forth.
6th. As a means of securing an apparatus, as aforesaid, upon window-sills, in con-
junction with the nosing, the employment of cross-bars, 2, adapted as shown in Fig. 2,
adjustable to the nosing by means of the thumb-screws 13, or their equivalents, with,
or without, adjustable plates 14, to be arranged substantially, as, and for the purpose
set forth.
7th. As a means of securing an apparatus, as aforesaid, in conjunction with the
nosing, connecting bars 17, guards 18, and 19, thumb-screws 20, and 13, to be arranged
and employed as shown, and for the purpose set forth.
8th. As a means of securing an apparatus, as aforesaid, upon window-sills, in con-
junction with the nosing, with, or without, an appliance fixed thereto, or otherwise
for convenience to the skirting-board, or floor, the use of one or more chains, cords,
or other pliable equivalents, to be employed as, and for the purpose set forth.
9th. As a means of securing an apparatus, as aforesaid, upon window-sills, in con-
junction with the nosing, the employment of vertical-screws 23, wheel shaped beds 24,
winged-nuts 25, adjustable winged-nuts 26, set-screws 27, and horizontal projecting
pieces 38, to. be arranged substantially, as, and for the purpose set forth.
10th. As a means of securing an apparatus, as aforesaid, upon window-sills, the
employment of the link 22, or its equivalent, as herein described; likewise the receiving

page_text: plate 29, or in lieu thereof, a hook, button headed pin, or the like, together with
plate 30, cotter-pin 31, and chain 51, all arranged to operate substantially, in the
manner, and for the purpose set forth.
11th. The use of a step-ladder as adapted to be employed in connection with the
sash, with, or without, extension arrangements and protection bars, connecting hooks 48,
or their equivalents, arranged, and operating as herein set forth.
12th. The use of the stay-frame as adapted for the extension of the step-ladder, or
the substitutes thereof, as hereinbefore described, to be employed as set forth.
13th. The use of the inside sash in conjunction with the step-ladder, as aforesaid,
and adapted to serve as its upper support with, or without, protection bars, to be in
turn supported by the cramp, as shown in Fig. 16, or its equivalent, operating as, and
for the purpose set forth.
14th. The employment of auxiliary protection bars, as shown in Fig. 18, or their
equivalents, to serve in the manner, and for the purpose set forth.
Dated this 19th day of Decembar 1888
JAMES LANE.