Im- PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Foster Burlock, of Birmingham, Con-
necticut, United States of America, but at present of 47, Lincoln's
Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS."-A communication from abroad by Charles
Henry Chapman, of Shirley, Massachusetts, United States of
Amèrica.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Foster Burlock
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 30th September 1874.
I, FREDERICK FOSTER BURLOCK, of Birmingham, Connecticut, United
States of America, but at present of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS," a communication to me from abroad
by Charles Henry Chapman, of Shirley, Massachusetts, United States of
America, to be as follows:-
-
This Invention relates to improvements in looms, and consists of a

page_text: series of devices applied to the said looms for weaving tape, ribbons, and
other narrow goods.
:
Between the sides or frames of the loom to which the various parts of
the machine are attached extends the horizontal main shaft on which are
secured the driving pullies. On a second shaft extending horizontally
across the front end of the loom is fixed a lever operating a ratchet
tongue which works in a ratchet wheel secured on the same shaft and
prevented from following back by a second tongue. The stud to which
the ratchet wheel is attached has a toothed wheel on its opposite end
gearing into a corresponding wheel bencath, which causes the goods to
be taken up as fast as woven. The rocker holding the reed of the loom
is operated by a cam on the main shaft and held by a spring connected
with the frame underneath. At this end of the machine a vertical stand
with a groove for the shuttle to run in is provided, to which stand a
spring is fitted so as to act as a binder on the said shuttle. A vertical
steel rod is also here provided on which the shuttle carriage slides. A
lever extending to the back end of the machine and operated by a cam
on the main shaft passes through a slot in the shuttle carriage and.
causes the said carriage to slide up and down on the vertical steel rod.
A spring is attached to the end of this lever and passes through a slot in
the shuttle carriage. At the same end of the machine is a horizontal
shaft carrying a lever which is worked by a cam on the main shaft and
operates at its end the vertical needle arm of the loom which is held at
its lower end by a spring connected with the frame underneath. On the
last named shaft are rocking carriages which are operated by cams on the
main shaft. Tongues are worked by these carriages and are raised or
lowered, as desired, by a cam which runs on the said shaft, they also
rock levers which are connected with wires to treddles or double levers
attached at their opposite ends to the harnesses with similar wires.
Grooved pullies are mounted on the top of the frame at the back of the
machine, over which pullies pass small cords attached to the harnesses.
A slide is also fitted at this part of the machine to keep the harnesses in
place, and is held by screws to the main frame. Mounted in bearings
projecting from this end of the machine are the beams which hold the
warp, and above them are the warp roll and a beam holding rubber warp
from which the rubber thread passes. At the front of the machine is a
shipper rod passing down through the shipper, to which a lever is.
attached with a notch at the end into which a latch drops so as to

page_text: The reed cam, the shuttle cam, the needle cam, and the cams which
rock the harnesses are made of cast iron and are all cast solid on a shell
and are permanently fixed to give the right motion to the machine.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Frederick Foster Burlock in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 30th March 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
FOSTER BURLOCK, of Birmingham, Connecticut, United States of
America, but at present of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
38th year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Frederick Foster Burlock, Her special
license that I, the said Frederick Foster Burlock, my executors, ad-
ministrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Frederick Foster
Burlock, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any
time, agree with, and no others, from time to time and all times
thercafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS," a communication to me from abroad
by Charles Henry Chapman, of Shirley, Massachusetts, United States of
America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Frederick
Foster Burlock, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Foster Burlock, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to
say :-
The said Invention relates to that description of looms or machinery
for weaving tape, ribbons, and other narrow goods, for which Letters
Patent were granted to John Henry Johnson on my behalf the Twenty-
third July, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, No. 2584, and
it consists of a peculiar process of weaving clastic web and of an
improved arrangement and combination of devices by means of which the
loom is adapted for weaving either clastic web or other narrow goods;
also of apparatus for automatically arresting the motion of the loom
when a breakage of a warp thread occurs, and of various improvements
in the details of the loom generally, as herein-after described.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood I shall
now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose
shall refer to the several Figures on the annexed Sheets of Drawings,
the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in all the
corresponding Figures.
Figure 1, Sheet 1, of the accompanying Drawings represents a side
clevation; and Figure 2 is a front view of a loom constructed in
accordance with this Invention. The several Figures on Sheet 2 repre-
sent details which I shall herein-after refer to.
A is the main shaft which is supported in bearings in the main
frame B of the loom, and on which there are mounted a fly wheel C,
fast and loose pulleys D, D', respectively, and also cams for operating
various parts of the mechanism, videlicet, the cams which actuate the
heddles or harness, the needle cam, the shuttle cam, the reed cam, and
the cam for actuating the take-up apparatus.
Referring to the apparatus for actuating the heddles a, b, are frames
oscillating on the shaft K which is mounted in bearings in the frame B,
and is operated by the heddle cams on the shaft A. c, d, are pawls
which are rocked by the frames a and b, and are raised or lowered as
desired by cams e arranged on the shaft K, as described in the said

page_text: former Specification. f are levers which are rocked by the pawls c, d,
and are connected by wires f¹ to treddles g, and which are attached by
other wires g¹ at the opposite ends to the heddles L so as to lower the
same. h are grooved pullies over which pass small cords i attached to
the upper part of the heddles L, and by means of which the latter are
elevated. k, k, are slides which are employed in order to maintain the
heddles in their place, and are attached by screws to the frame. This
arrangement admits of the number of heddles being increased as
required, the slides k, k, affording facility for adjusting and securing
them in position. On the shaft K there is also mounted a lever / which
swings thereon, and is operated by the needle cam on the shaft A so as
to impart motion to the needle arm N which is maintained in contact
with the lever 7 by means of a spring m. O is a stand or bracket which
is provided with a groove for the traverse of the shuttle n, which
according to this Invention is arranged to operate vertically in lieu of
horizontally, as in the said former Specification. is a spring which
acts as a binder upon the shuttle n and retains it in its place. p is a
steel rod along which slides the shuttle carriage q, as shewn clearly in
Figure 3, Sheet 2, which is a front elevation of a portion of the loom
drawn to an enlarged scale, showing the woven material, the welt rods
or needles, the shuttle, and their immediate adjuncts. " is a lever
which is operated by the shuttle cam G on the shaft A, and is embraced
by a fork on the carriage q so as to impart the vertical sliding motion to
the same along the rod p, a springs being attached to the lever in
order to maintain such lever in contact with the shuttle carriage. A
spring P is also employed for the purpose of maintaining the lever in
contact with the cam. Q is the reed which is supported by a rocking
lever R operated by the reed cam and maintained in contact therewith
by a spring S.
"'
The apparatus for taking up the material as it is woven is arranged in
the following manner :-T is a bell-crank lever which is actuated by its
cam, and to which is attached a pawlt engaging in a ratchet wheel u
mounted on a stud centre u¹, a detent v being provided in order to
prevent the return motion of the ratchet wheel. The stud u¹ to which
the ratchet wheel u is attached is provided with a pulley U for imparting
motion by means of a cord w to the reel V on which the material is
wound, and it carries on its opposite end a spur wheel w¹ in gear with
another spur wheel x, on the axis of which latter wheel there is placed

page_text: a roller y working in contact with another roller y', the material passing
round and between the two rollers in the manner described in the said
former Specification, and being taken up as fast as it is woven.
I shall now proceed to describe the apparatus as arranged for the
weaving of elastic fabric, the same being applicable to the weaving of
any other description of small ware or narrow goods by the removal of
certain of the parts, as herein-after mentioned. The ordinary warp is
wound upon the rollers W, W³, or upon one only of such rollers,
whence it is conducted over the roller X through the heddles L and the
reed Q to the breast beam. Z is a roller carrying the rubber warp which
passes under the roller Z' to the breast beam in a similar manner to thic
ordinary warp.
In weaving clastic fabric according to this Invention two weft rods or
needles z, z, are employed, as shewn clearly in the detail, Figure 3,
Shect 2, which are secured to the needle arm N. These needles pass
through the warp both at the same time, each carrying its respective
thread, such threads being fastened on the opposite side by the shuttle n
passing under the threads of the needles, as shewn.
The shuttle carries a warp thread which forms a loop through the
weft threads, after which the needles,, return, forming a selvage on
the shuttle side; the reed Q carried by the reed holder R then moves
forward, beating up both weft threads at the same time which produces
the elastic fabric Z. 1 is a bent wire or projection which is employed
as a guide in order to cause the shuttle thread to draw up to tho
selvage.
The arrangement of the warp and harness is shewn clearly in the
detail, Figure 4, Sheet 2. 2 and 3 are the harness eyes which are made
as represented, two eyes in each strand, each eye containing a single
thread of the warp; 4 and 5 are threads of the upper ply, and 6 and 7
are threads of the under ply; S is the rubber thread which passes in
straight between the two plies and does not change its position as in tho
ordinary method of weaving elastic. The needles,, are shewn as they
pass through the shed and return, after which the warp thread 4
exchanges position with the warp thread 5, and the warp threads 6
and 7 make a similar exchange when the needles again perform, aş
before described.

page_text: The binder threads are not shewn in the Drawing, but they operate in
the same manner as in the ordinary method of weaving elastic.
When tape, ribbons, or any description of narrow goods other than
clastic have to be woven it is simply required to remove one of the
needles to dispense with the rubber warp and regulate the harness, and
the operation may be proceeded with without the necessity for any
further alteration in the apparatus.
A further improvement, which is illustrated in Figure 5, Sheet 2,
consists in constructing the heddle cams E, E, the needle cam F, the
shuttle cam G, and the reed cam H, of cast iron, and casting them all
solid on a shell M which is permanently secured to the shaft A so as
to impart the proper motions to the machine. The cams may however
be fitted separately upon the shaft A if desired in carrying out the other
improvements herein-before described.
The apparatus for automatically arresting the motion of the loom 1
when a breakage of a warp thread occurs is illustrated in the general
views, Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 1, and also in the details, Figures 6 and 7,
Sheet 2 (which represent a plan and section of a portion of the apparatus
drawn to an enlarged scale). 9 is a shipper rod passing down through
the shipper 10 which is acted upon by a spring 11 having a constant a
tendency to draw the former so as to effect the removal of the belt 12
from the fast pulley D to the loose pulley D'. To the shipper rod 9
there is attached a lever 25 provided with a notch at the end into which
drops the latch 13, whereby the shipper 10 is maintained out of action.
In my Drawings the latch 13 is shewn combined with the weft stop a
motion described in the said former Specification, but it may be used
separately and independently of the same; 14 and 15 are drops or
rocking levers which are mounted on a rod 18, and through which pass
the warp threads 16 and 17, there being a drop for every thread of the
warp. When the warp threads are not broken the drops assume the a
position shewn in the Drawings in the case of the drop 15, but should a
thread of the warp break, as represented, in the case of the thread 16
the corresponding drop is caused to assume the position of that 14. 19 is a
lever which is mounted loosely on the shaft 20 carried by a connection with
the frame and has a free oscillating motion imparted to it during the a
normal working of the apparatus, but when one of the drops assumes the
position of that 14 the lever 19 is caused to rise by the cross bar 26

page_text: formed in one with it ascending the incline thus produced and to lift a
latch 21 clear of the collar 22, thereby allowing the spring 23 which is
confined by a collar 24 to impel the rod 27 forward, which rod is thus
brought into contact with the latch 13 so as to release the same from
the notch in the lever 25 and consequently allow the shipper 10 to
transfer the belt to the loose pulley D'.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that what I consider to be novel
and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First. The peculiar process of shedding by which the two sets of
threads of each ply are caused to alternately exchange positions, whilst
the rubber thread passes between the two plics without changing its
position; also the mode of carrying in the two weft threads by means of
the two weft rods or needles both passing through the shed simul-
taneously, and of fastening such threads on the opposite side by means
of the shuttle, substantially as hercin-before described and illustrated by
the accompanying Drawings.
Second. The combination of the two needles z, z, or one of them with
the needle arm N; of the needle arm N with the lever 1; of the lever
with the cam F; and of the needle arm N with the spring m, all sub-
stantially as herein-before described and illustrated by the Drawings.
Third. The combination of the stand or bracket O with the spring o
and the rod p; of the carriage q with the lever r; of the springs
attached to the lever with the cam G, all substantially as herein-before
described and illustrated by the Drawings.
Fourth. The combination of the slides k, k, with the frame B, sub-
stantially as and for the purposes herein-before described and as illus-
trated by the Drawings.
Fifth. The combination of the cams E, E, F, G, and H with the
shell M, substantially as herein-before described and illustrated by the
Drawings.
Sixth. The application and use of drops or rocking levers over which
the warp threads are passed, substantially as and for the purpose herein-
before described and as illustrated by the Drawings.

page_text: Seventh. The combination of the drops or rocking levers with the
rod 18; of the drops or rocking levers with the lever 19; of the lever 19
with the shaft 20 and the latch 21; of the latch 21 with the collar 22
and the rod 27; of the rod 27 with the spring 23 and collar 24 and
latch 13, all substantially as herein-before described and illustrated by
the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Foster Burlock, have to
this my Specification set my hand and scal, this Thirticth day
of March, One thousand cight hundred and seventy-five.
F. F. BURLOCK. (L.S.)