IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING AND DYEING COTTON FABRICS
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Albert Gatty, of Accrington, in the
County of Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemist, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING AND DYEING COTTON FABRICS."
Sealed the 5th July 1872, and dated the 1st May 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Albert Gatty
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 1st May 1872.
I, FREDERICK ALBERT GATTY, of Accrington, in the County of
Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING and Dyeing CortoN FABRICS,"
to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in producing chrome yellow in conjunction
with steam madder reds, that is to say, reds produced from extracts of
madder or artificially prepared substitutes of madder, commonly called
artificial alizarine, and an aluminous mordant thickened with starch or
other suitable thickening substance well known to calico printers, either
on unprepared cotton fabrics or on fabrics which have undergone either
partially or wholly the process of oiling generally followed by Turkey
red dyers.

page_text: In order to obtain the above-named combination of colours different
modes may be adopted :—
Firstly. By padding or impregnating the cotton fabrics before the
printing of the steam madder red with a solution of a soluble salt of
lcad.
Secondly. By printing and steaming the steam madder red first, and
then padding or otherwise impregnating the printed fabrics with the
solution of the salt of lead.
Thirdly. By printing a thickened solution of a salt of lead
simultaneously with the steam madder red. In either case the printed 1
fabrics arc steamed in the ordinary way, well understood by calico
printers. After steaming they are passed through a solution of chromato
of potash or other soluble chromate in order to form the chrome yellow,
they are then washed and finally soaped for the purpose of brightening
the reds; if it is desired to keep the reds free from the admixture of 1
yellow I add to the steam madder red a salt or acid, which will form an
insoluble salt of lead and prevent the formation of chromate of lead;
the most suitable salts or acids for this purpose are the sulphate of soda,
or chloride of sodium and their acids.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Frederick Albert Gatty in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 25th October 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
ALBERT GATTY, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, Manu-
facturing Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Frederick Albert Gatty, Her special licence
that I, the said Frederick Albert Gatty, my exccutors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Frederick Albert Gatty, my exc-
cators, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exer- ;

page_text: cise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PRINTING AND DYEING COTTON FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Frederick Albert Gatty, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
scals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Albert Gatty, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement (that is to say) :-
:-
My improvements consist in producing chrome yellow in conjunction
with steam madder reds, that is to say, reds produced from extracts of
madder, or artificially prepared substitutes of madder, commonly called
artificial alizarine, and an aluminous mordant thickened with starch or
other suitable thickening substance well known to calico printers, either
on unprepared cotton fabrics or on fabrics which have undergone either
partially or wholly the process of oiling generally followed by Turkey
red dyers.
In order to obtain the above-named combination of colours different
modes may be adopted :-
Firstly. By padding or impregnating the cotton fabrics before tho
printing of the steam madder red with a solution of a soluble salt of
lead.
Secondly. By printing and steaming the steam madder red first, and
then padding or otherwise impregnating the printed fabrics with the
solution of the salt of lead.
Thirdly. By printing a thickened solution of the salt of lead simul-
taneously with the steam madder red. In either case the printed fabrics
are steamed in the ordinary way well understood by calico printers.
After steaming they are passed through a solution of chromate of potash
or other soluble chromate in order to form the chrome yellow, they are
then washed and finally soaped for the purpose of brightening the reds;
if it is desired to keep the reds free from the admixture of yellow I add
to the steam.madder red a salt or acid, which will form an insoluble salt

page_text: of lead and prevent the formation of chromate of lead; the most suitable
salts or acids for this purpose are the sulphate of soda, or chloride of
sodium, and their acids.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into operation, I will proceed to describe the manner of per-
forming the same.
As stated above different modes may be adopted for attaining my
object, and all apply to both ordinary bleached cotton fabrics and fabrics
prepared with oil or other fatty substances by the process usually
followed by Turkey red dyers; but for my purpose it is not necessary in
every case to carry out the Turkey red oiling process to its full extent;
instead of giving the fabrics from six to eight operations of padding with
cmulsions, as is usually the case for ordinary Turkey red, I find that
from three to four operations will answer my purpose for patterns not
containing heavy blotches of red, but for patterns with much covered
ground I prefer the full preparation.
In order to facilitate the description I will refer to three distinct
modes of proceeding under the heads of process Number 1, process
Number 2, and process Number 3.
To carry into effect process Number 1 the cotton fabrics are padded:
or otherwise impregnated with a solution of acetate of lead containing
one and a half pounds per gallon of water; other soluble salts of lead
will also answer the purpose, but I prefer to use the acetate. After
drying the fabrics they are printed with steam madder red, well known
to calico printers, that is to say, a colour prepared with extract of
madder, artificial alizarine, or other madder extract substitute, an alu-
minous mordant such as acctate of alumina and acetic acid thickened
with starch or other suitable thickening substances. The proportions of
the different ingredients will vary according to the shade of red required
or the nature and strength of the colouring matter. After printing the 3
fabrics are steamed in the ordinary way from one to one and a half
hours. After steaming the fabrics are left to age for one or two days,
and they are then run over rollers through a solution of bi-chromato
of potash, containing from two to three ounces per gallon of water, into
a weaker solution of the same salt, in which they are gently worked 3
over a wince for about ten minutes; they are afterwards taken out and
well washed; they aro then brightened with soap in the ordinary way.
I find that two soapings are generally sufficient, the first of about half

page_text: an hour at 160° to 180° Fahrenheit, and the second at or near the
boiling point from one and a half to two hours, but the temperature and
time depends upon the colour required. The quantity of soap required
will vary from two to eight ounces per piece according to the pattern.
In place of passing the fabrics through the solution of bi-chromate
before the soaping they may be run through the solution of sulphate of
soda or chloride of sodium, then brightened in soap, and finally dyed
in a solution of bi-chromate of potash, but I prefer to dye the yellow
before soaping, as described above.
For process Number 2 I print and steam the madder red first, and
then pad the printed fabrics with the solution of acetate of lead, care
being taken not to soften the red colour. In every other respect I
proceed in the same way as for process Number 1.described above.
For process Number 3 I print a thickened solution of acctate or other
soluble salt of lead simultaneously with the steam madder red. I find
that one and a half pounds of acetate of lead to one gallon of water
thickened with starch gives the desired results. After printing the
fabrics are steamed and treated in every respect in the same way as for
process Number 1. In order to prevent the yellow being formed under
the red, when processes Number 1 and Number 2 are followed, I add to
the steam madder red from six to eight ounces of sulphate of soda, or
its equivalent of chloride of sodium, in order to form an insoluble salt
of lead under the red, and thus to prevent the formation of chrome
yellow.
· Having now described the nature of my Invention and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I do not confine
myself to the exact proportions named above; but what I do claim as
my Invention is, producing- chrome yellow in conjunction with steam
madder red in the manner described above.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Albert Gatty, have hereto
set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of October One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-two.