matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LAMPS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Henry Gimingham, of the Borough and County
of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Physicist, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ELECTRIC LAMPS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Henry Gimingham
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th September 1881.
CHARLES HENRY GIMINGHAM, of the Borough and County of Newcastle upon
Tync, Physicist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LAMPS."
My Invention relates to incandescent electric lamps of the type of what is known
as the "Swan lamp," for example, and it has reference to an improved mode of
connecting the carbon filament to the terminals in the lamp.
According to my Invention I flatten the ends of the terminals (composed of
platinum or other suitable metal) and form the flattened ends into a tube by
drawing them through a wire plate, and I mount the carbon filament directly in
these tubes without any further preparation, it being held or gripped sufficiently
by the combined spring of the carbon itself and the metal tube.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Charles Henry Gimingham in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
28th March 1882.
CHARLES HENRY GIMINGHAM, of the Borough and County of Newcastle-upon-
Tyne, Physicist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LAMPS."
My Invention relates to incandescent electric lamps of the type of what is known
as the "Swan lamp," for example, and it has reference to an improved mode of
connecting the carbon filament to the terminals in the lamp.
According to my Invention I flatton the ends of the terminals (composed of
platinum or other suitable metal) and form the flattened ends into a tube by
drawing through a wire plate or otherwise, and I mount the carbon filament
directly in theso tubes.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawing represents a terminal wire with its end
flattened out by stamping or other means into a thin plate, which is thereafter bent
by drawing through a wire plate or by bending tools or by any other convenient
means into a tubular form as shown in Figure 2.
Both terminals of the lamp are thus formed, and the ends of the carbon are
placed in the tubular parts, as shown in Figure 3, and by the combined spring of
the carbon and the metal tubular parts the said carbon is held firmly in place in
_the_said terminals.
Having now described-and-particularly ascertained the nature-of-my_said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is-or-may-be used or carried into
effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein before
in part recited Letters Patent is,―
The improvements in electric lamps consisting in attaching the carbons to the
terminals, as hereinbefore described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Henry Gimingham, have to this my
Specification set my hand and seal, this Twenty seventh day of March,
One thousand eight eight hundred and eighty-two.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WASHING COAL AND OTHER MINERALS OR MATERIALS."
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Bell, junior, of Saltburn-by-the-Sea, in the
"
County of York, and William Ramsay, of Tursdale Colliery, in the County of
Durham, for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WASHING
COAL AND OTHER MINERALS OR MATERIALS."
pursuance of the conartions of the Letters att.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Bell & William
Ramsay at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th May
1881.
THOMAS BELL, junior, of Saltburn-by-the-Sea, in the County of York, and
WILLIAM RAMSAY, of Tursdale Colliery, in the County of Durham. "IMPROVE-
APPARATUS
IN
FOR WASHING COAL AND
MINERALS
OTHER
MENTS
MATERIALS."
OR
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for washing coal
and other minerals or materials.
Coal has heretofore in some cases been washed by causing it to pass, together
with water, along an inclined trough provided with ledges upon the bottom. The
ledges stop the heavier impurities (such as stone, shale, and pyrites) whilst the
coal is carried on by the water. The operation is aided by the use of band rakes
keeping the coal in movement.
According to our Invention in order to save labor and to economise water by
making more efficient use of it, we arrange washing apparatus in the following
manner: We employ a trough of a semi-cylindrical form; it is mounted as
heretofore in an inclined position, the coal is placed upon it at the higher end, and
a stream of water is directed along it.
We provide also an axis passing along the trough from end to end, and the axis
carries arms or stirrers; it is caused to rotate and keeps the contents of the trough
in motion. There are also ledges within the trough to stop the heavier matters

page_text: which descend to the bottom from passing onwards, but these ledges are not fixed
to the trough they are carried independently, as also is the axis. The arrangement
is such also that when the trough contains a certain quantity of mineral
impurities stopped back by the ledges, it can be dropped away from or removed
from the ledges and stirrers and made to discharge the refuse into a suitable
receptacle.
For this purpose we fix the trough near its upper end to an axis, and near the
other or lower end we suspend it by the aid of counterpoises, which admit of its
being raised and lowered with but little expenditure of force.
Apparatus thus arranged is applicable for washing other minerals or materials.
CERTAIN. IMPROVEMENTS IN KEYLESS WATCHES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Huton Errington at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st April 1881.
CHARLES HUTON ERRINGTON, of Coventy, in the County of Warwick. "CERTAIN.
IMPROVEMENTS IN KEYLESS WATCHES."
My Invention consists of the construction and arrangement hereinafter described
of parts of keyless watches, being a better mode of setting the hands, also of
jointing the movement in the case for the better working of the same.
In carrying my Invention into effect, I proceed as follows:-
The driving pinion is hollow, sliding on a square arbor, which arbor projects
beyond the front of the pinion teeth, and upon which projection is screwed a piece
of steel in form as two cones pinned together at the base.
A stud brought from the rocking bar to which it is fixed is by the downward or
upward movement of the square arbor acted upon by the conical piece of steel,
by which means the keyless motion wheels are thrown into gear with the motion
wheels which drive the hands, and detached in the same way.
When through the size or the shape of frame it is desirable to have a lever
between the pinion and the stud a lever is screwed on to the pillar plate, one end
of which acts upon the stud in the rocking bar, while the other end is acted upon
by the cone on arbor.
A spring is fixed on the pillar plate in such a manner that when the arbor upon
which the cone is fixed is moved up or down the cone is locked each way, and so
secures it while the hands are being set or when at rest.
Upon the pillar plate is fixed a joint, which same joint does not project beyond
the inside of the rim upon which it is fixed, the said joint being arranged as near
the pendant as the keyless motion work will allow, the locking in the case being
effected with an ordinary bolt and spring.
The advantages derivable from this my said Invention are as follows:-The
case can be made with solid back, stronger and with less metal, the ordinary pusher
on the band of case being done away with, the setting of the hands and winding
being all effected by the button alone, the whole can be produced more economical
and efficient than the ordinary keyless watch.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SASH OR WINDOW FASTENINGS."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Benjamin Carpenter at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd August 1881.
"
ALEXANDER BENJAMIN CARPENTER, of Clapton Park, in the County of Middlesex.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SASH OR WINDOW FASTENINGS."
For this purpose of securing window and other like sashes I construct a fastener
as follows:-
On the plate secured to one sash I mount the ordinary locking or latch lever in
the usual manner. On the underside of the plate to which the catch or locking
piece is fixed I mount a lever, one end of which forms a bolt or projection which
passes up through the plate and is held in a raised position by a spring. Secured
to the underside of the catch plate there is another lever bearing on the underside
of the opposite end of the first mentioned lever. The opposite end of the last
mentioned lever carries a projection which also passes up through the catch
plate.
The result of this arrangement is that when the latch or locking lever is turned
to fasten the sashes it first presses down the spring catch or bolt carried by the
spring lever and rides over it, and when the locking lever has passed the spring
catch or bolt it rises by the action of the spring and secures the locking or latch
lever in position.
In order to open or release the sashes the stud or thumb piece projecting above
the catch plate is pressed downwards, causing the opposite end of its lever to act
on the catch lever, and so lower the spring catch or bolt and allow the locking or
latch lever to be turned and the sashes to be unfastened.
The mechanical arrangement of the locking catch or bolt may be varied to effect
the same object.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC PALATE-PLATES AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd August 1881. A communication
from abroad by Robert Telschow, of Berlin, Prussia, Doctor of Philosophy.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC PALATE-PLATES AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
A communication from abroad by Robert Telschow, of Berlin, Prussia, Doctor of
Philosophy.
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of palate-plates for
artificial teeth, and has for its object to avoid the inconveniences arising from the
use of metal-matrices for this purpose. Hitherto palate-plates have been manu-
factured in the following manner-A stereotype form is taken in plaster from the
human palate, moulded in sand, and then by casting metal, preferably zinc, into the
mould, matrice and punch for the palate-plate are made. Between this matrice and
punch the plate is pressed after being repeatedly heated. Palate-plates so
manufactured never fit exactly to the palate, as the metal, mostly zinc, contracts
after casting and alters its form. Frequently the palate-plates get cracked during
the repeated pressures, which are not sufficiently gradual between the hard matrice
and punch. My Invention consists in the manufacture of metal-palate-plates by
hydraulic pressure. I first take a stereotype mould of the human palate in plaster,
wax, or any other plastic material, and fill it with a liquid compound of sulphur,
which in cooling does not alter its form, and can undergo a pressure of 1000
atmospheres. The metal-plate which has been previously shaped by hammering
with a lead-hammer and heated, is then introduced and pressed into the above
model by a hydraulic pressure of about 800 atmospheres. The hydraulic press I
use for this purpose consists substantially of a press-cylinder in combination with a
sheet of caout-chouc, shaped like a cup and fitting into the press-cylinder; said
plate serving for tightening and equally distributing the pressure upon the metal-
plate. I also provide the caoutchouc in my bydraulic press with a horizontal
perforated ring for keeping the border of the same to the cylinder. For preventing
air from entering the press-cylinder I apply to the hydraulic press an automatically
acting outlet valve. The liquid used for actuating the press may be water,
glycerine, oil, or any other suitable liquid. For the palate-plate, gold, platina, or
such like metal may be used.
A COMBINED BRAKE & SPEED INDICATOR FOR BICYCLES OR VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Selby Hele Shaw at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th April 1881.
HENRY SELBY HELE SHAW, Assoc. M. Inst. C.E., Lecturer at University
College, City & County of Bristol. "A COMBINED BRAKE & SPEED INDICATOR
FOR BICYCLES OR VELOCIPEDES."
This Invention relates to the application of one or other of the hereinafter
described forms of mechanism to the ordinary brake lever of a bicycle or velocipede,
so that a similar movement to the one now used may be made to bring into action
either the brake or the speed indicator. The mechanism is caused to act by the
revolution of a roller in contact with the periphery of a wheel on which the vehicle
moves, and may be either,-
(1). A rotating weight which moves outwards, and overcomes the resistance of a
spring as the speed of the vehicle increases, and shews the velocity by the size of
the circle which the weight apparently forms by reason of the retention of impressions
on the retina the circle, may be measured by the point at which it appears to cut a
properly graduated spiral curve.
(2). By weight or weights upon rod or rods rotating about an axis to which they
are inclined, along which rod or rods the weight tends to slide towards one end as
the velocity increases; the extent of the motion being regulated by a spring gives
the velocity of the vehicle.
(3). By means of a spiral of peculiar form which turns about its axis on which
a weight slides, so that the increase of speed forces the weight along the spiral
against the resistance of a spring. The weight causes said index to move, & gives
the velocity of the vehicle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTORS FOR BEDSTEADS AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Hubert Barnett at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th December 1881.
SAMUEL HUBERT BARNETT of 25 Bassett Road, Notting Hill, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTORS FOR BEDSTEADS AND OTHER ARTICLES."
Castors as usually constructed offer considerable resistance to the movement of
their load in a direction other than at right angles to the axis of the castor wheel
as such movement involves a change in the direction of that axis so that that
portion of the wheels periphery in contact with the floor has sometimes to turn in
a horizontal sense as distinguished from the rotary movement about the wheel's axis,
and such turning must take place in opposition to the retarding effect due to the
friction between the wheel & the floor or its covering. Now according to my
Invention I obviate or lessen this serious inconvenience by the use of an improved
castor constructed with a frame able to rotate about a vertical axis and provided
with a lateral horn or horns serving to support the axis or axes of two or more
wheels arranged in a common axial line but in such wise nevertheless that each
has perfect liberty to rotate freely of the other or others so that they may
simultaneously rotate at different speeds or one or more may be rotating whilst the
other or others is or are not rotating or rotating in a contrary sense; the
arrangement is such that the vertical axis about which the frame rotates and the
horizontal axis about which the wheels rotate can never be in a common vertical
plane. In carrying out my Invention according to one arrangement a frame
constructed with a peg hole and with two or more horns carries a pin that forms
the axis of the wheels which are threaded on such axis with washers between one
another and between themselves and the horns. In some cases I provide these
wheels with bushes constructed to project laterally and bear against one another
and the horns and with this construction washers may be dispensed with.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SUPPORTING, FIXING, AND ADJUSTING SWING LOOKING GLASSES, SWING FAN LIGHTS, VENTILATORS, AND OTHER SWINGING ARTICLES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS MAY ALSO BE APPLIED TO CERTAIN KINDS OF ROLLER BLIND ENDS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Douglas Martin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th August 1881.
CHARLES DOUGLAS MARTIN, of No. 16, Brownlow Street, Holborn, in the
County of Middlesex, Fine Art Potter. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
SUPPORTING, FIXING, AND ADJUSTING SWING LOOKING GLASSES, SWING FAN
LIGHTS, VENTILATORS, AND OTHER SWINGING ARTICLES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS
MAY ALSO BE APPLIED TO CERTAIN KINDS OF ROLLER BLIND ENDS."
My Invention has reference principally to that kind of apparatus for sup-
porting, fixing, and adjusting swing looking glasses, swing fan lights, ventilators,
and other swinging articles in which the nearly spherical end of the axis turns in
a bearing or support made in two parts, one part consisting of a fixed frame having
a recess into which the axis passes, and the other part consisting of a lever jointed
to the fixed part or frame, the spherical end of the axis being gripped between the
fixed and lever parts with the required degree of tightness by forcing a bearing
block on the lever part upon the spherical end of the axis. The forcing and
holding of the lever part is effected by a thumb screw taking into a screwed hole
or screw box in the fixed part or frame.
The axis is usually fixed to the pillar of the swing looking glass, and the bearing
or support to the frame.
In constructing apparatus of the kind described according to my Invention, I
use in place of the rigid lever a spring arm fixed at one end to the fixed part or
frame of the apparatus. The said spring arm has at its middle and on its
inner face a bearing block with a concave seat, which seats itself against the
spherical end of the supporting axis of the swing looking glass when the spring
arm is advanced towards the fixed part or frame by the driving home of the thnmb
screw.
By this arrangement the apparatus is made very efficient in action, as the
moveable spring arm more easily accomodates itself to the figure of the spherical
end of the axis than a rigid lever does, and a more uniform pressure or grip of the
bearing parts of the apparatus is obtained than in the ordinary arrangement, and
wear of the said axis more effectually compensated for.

page_text: Instead of fixing one end of the spring arm to the fixed part or frame of the
apparatus, the spring arm may be jointed to the fixed part or frame, so as to form
a spring lever, the spring lever being furnished with the concave bearing block and
thumb screw as described with respect to the spring arm.
The apparatus constituting my Invention may be applied to those kinds of roller
blind ends in which the supporting axis of the blind roller is gripped with a
pressure necessary to retain the blind in any position to which it may have been
adjusted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GARDENERS' CLIPPING-SHEARS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Brockelbank at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th Juno 1881.
GEORGE BROCKELBANK, of 37, Thornsett Road, Anerley, in the County of
Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GARDENERS' CLIPPING-SHEARS."
The object of the Invention is to render ordinary clipping-shears capable of
being used also as edging-shears for clipping the grass by the edges of flower-beds,
flower-borders, and walks.
Besides the shanks or legs ordinarily made in gardeners' clipping-shears, I form
two other shanks or legs, one upon each half of the shears. These extra shanks or
legs spring from the shears at convenient angles to the ordinary legs, so as to be
All
parallel to cach other when the blades of the shears are brought into contact.
the shanks or legs may be threaded at the ends to screw into the wooden handles
ordinarily used, which may be of any convenient length, or may be fitted to said
handles in any other convenient manner. When it is desired to use the shears as
edging-shears, it is only necessary to remove the ordinary shanks or legs from said
handles, and to insert therein the extra shanks or legs above mentioned. When
the ordinary shanks are in use the blades of the shears lie flat upon the grass,
but when the extra shanks are employed the shears work one blade above the
other.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ILLUMINATING CANDLES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd December 1881. A communi-
cation from abroad by Richard Fanning William Loper, and Charles McKeone,
both of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ILLUMINATING CANDLES." A communication from abroad by Richard Fanning
William Loper, and Charles McKeone, both of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United
States of America.
This Invention relates to a new and improved illuminating candle, and to
improved compound for the inflammable body thereof.
The first part of this Invention consists in an illuminating candle which is
composed of a broad flat wick or core, surrounded by an inflammable substance, or
a compound of such substance presenting when taken in cross section a flattened
or elliptical contour.
The second part of this Invention consists in a composition formed of an
inflammable hydro-carbon having incorporated with it animal charcoal, which will
absorb and hold the carbon-oil and afford additional brilliancy to the flame.
The improved composition for use in the manufacture of illuminating candles
consists preferably of the following ingredients, viz.: carbon-oil, animal charcoal,
and wax in about the following proportions: carbon-oil 300° fire test, one part;
animal charcoal one part; and wax two parts. These ingredients are mingled
thoroughly by agitation, the wax having first been melted; the charcoal absorbs
and holds the carbon-oil, and the wax enables the composition to be moulded into
the proper shape for candles.
"
There are several equivalents for wax which might be used as a substitute, such
for instance as stearine, parafine, spermaceti, tallow &c. and by the term " wax 8.9
used above we desire to cover its equivalents, but experimentally we find real wax
to be best adapted for a vehicle or body for the compound and therefore prefer it
to any named equivalent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RIVETTING MACHINES, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS APPLICABLE FOR HYDRAULIC PACKING
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Gray Denison Edmeston, of the City of Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
RIVETTING MACHINES, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS APPLICABLE FOR
HYDRAULIC PACKING."
(Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Gray Denison Edmeston at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th October 1881.
"
GRAY DENISON EDMESTON, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer. IMPROVEMENTS IN RIVETTING MACHINES, PART OF WHICH
IMPROVEMENTS IS APPLICABLE FOR HYDRAULIC PACKING."
Firstly. My Invention is applicable to rivetting machines on the principle of
those known as "De Bergue's" (Patent Number 82, A.D. 1860), and to what are
known as flange rivetting machines, similar to those described in the Specification
of Letters Patent, Number 1130, A.D. 1877, granted to myself, and to similar
machines, and consists in making the resisting or holding up pillar of the De Bergue
and similar machines separate from the other part of the framing carrying the
moving ram and gearing, and in hinging or jointing this pillar to the lower part of
the main framing or casting, and in securing the pillar to the main casting by one
or two bolts (two by preference), which bolts pass from the pillar and through the
flanges of the cylinder of an hydraulic ram attached to the main casting; or the
cylinder may be attached to the casting and the bolts to the ram; or the bolts may
be attached to the casting and the cylinder or ram to the pillar.
2
The interior of this cylinder is connected by a pipe with a loaded bydraulic
accumulator," which is kept supplied with liquid.

page_text: Thus arranged, the holding up pillar will resist the pressure put upon the rivet,
but will give way when any excessive pressure comes upon it, as the water or
liquid will then be forced out of the ram cylinder into the "accumulator," but this
water or liquid will be immediately forced back into the ram cylinder by and from
the accumulator when the pressure is withdrawn.
In the flange rivetting machine the hydraulic ram or cylinder is applied by
preference to the resisting or holding up jaw of the two jaws employed.
Secondly. My Invention refers to the mode of packing the rams of hydraulic
accumulators, which packing is a substitute for the ordinary leather hydraulic
packing rings, which I find to wear out rapidly in some cases and cause leakage,
and this part of my improvements is also applicable for packing hydraulic rams
generally, and consist of ordinary gland packing material pressed upon by a metal
ring so arranged that it will be acted upon by the pressure of the water or liquid
inside the ram cylinder, which will thus keep the ring tightly pressed against the
packing material.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN OR RELATING TO TRICYCLES, WHICH MAY BE APPLIED TO OTHER VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Icely. Warman at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th March 1881.
JOHN ICELY WARMAN, of Coventry, in the County of Warwick, Bicycle Maker.
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN OR RELATING TO TRICYCLES, WHICH MAY BE APPLIED TO
OTHER VELOCIPEDES.”
The object of this Invention, which relates to improvements in or applicable to
tricycles and other velocipedes, is to afford a facility to the rider of readily
augmenting the propelling power of such machines whenever he desires it.
My Invention is especially applicable to the velocipede, which is known in the
trade as the "No. 2 Triumph" (and to other velocipedes constructed upon a similar
principle), and which is constructed with a tubular framework carrying a back fork
in which a small steering wheel is placed, and having at its front portion two
downward bends, which carry a crank shaft, and also support two equal sized
wheels, one of which wheels is driven by means of a chain and chain wheels,
one of which is made fast to the crank, the other being secured to the wheel,
and thus the propelling motion is imparted from the crank to the driving
wheel.
Now to make my Invention of service to this description of machine, so as to
make both wheels drive at the pleasure of the rider, I employ the following
mechanism, which can be applied to either wheel, or both :—
To the ordinary non-driving wheel, which my Invention converts into a driver, I
attach a flanged spur wheel securely on the boss of an ordinary chain wheel; I
securely fasten another spur wheel, which is equal in diameter to the one fastened
on the large driving wheel; these are then made to run loosely on an axle fixed
firmly to the side of the frame. From a projection from the framework I joint a
lever which carries at its bottom end a fork, in which is placed a spur wheel of the
same pitch as those hereinbefore mentioned. By raising a spring, I am enabled to
throw this spur wheel into gear with the other two equally, thus combining the
chain wheel and the driving wheel into one, and dependent on each other. When
thrown out of gear, they are independent of each other.
My Invention also comprises an automatic arrangement, consisting of an arrange-
ment of springs, or of a cam motion, or of other equivalently acting means, for
avoiding the above referred to throwing into and out of gear.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Reginald Shaw at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th January 1881.
FRANK REGINALD SHAW, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER."
The improved apparatus consists mainly of a series of weights connected together
by links in such a way as to form an endless chain. This chain of weights hangs
in a perpendicular direction, and passes round two grooved pulleys, one above and
one below.
The weights are made of iron or other metal, and of a cylindrical form. One
side of the chain with its weights passes free through the atmosphere, whilst the
other passes through a tube filled with mercury.
The diameter of this tube being larger than that of the weights, the effect of the
mercury (which is of much greater specific gravity than the weights) is to con-
stantly displace the weights by floating them up to the surface, and this continuous
action, assisted by the descending chain of weights on the other side of the pulleys,
will give to the latter a constant rotary motion.
In order to allow of the weights entering at the bottom of the tube of mercury
without allowing the mercury at the same time to escape from the tube, I fit in
the bottom of the latter a tube of smaller diameter, through which the weights can
just pass air tight (the upper side of the weights being bevilled, rounded, or made
conical for that purpose), and the length of the tube and the distance apart of the
weights being such that one always enters the bottom of the tube before the one
above it leaves the top of the same.
And in order to prevent the weight of the mercury in the larger tube from
pressing onto the top of the weight whilst in the smaller tube, I have, above the
top of the latter, two sliding valves acting alternately, and so arranged that they
open only one at a time, just sufficiently to let a weight pass, the lower one
opening, letting the weight pass through, and then closing again just before the
upper one commences opening to let the same weight pass.
There is a pocket formed at one side of the larger tube, just below the lower
sliding valve, which allows the ascending weight in the smaller tube to displace

page_text: the mercury between it and the sliding valve, notwithstanding the fact that the
latter is closed. As soon as a weight passes out at the upper end of the smaller
tube the mercury descends again out of this pocket into the upper part of the
tube above the next weight, and thus the tube is always kept full of mercury,
none of which can escape during the entering of the weights into the bottom of
the tube.
The sliding valves are worked at the required intervals by means of intermittent
toothed gear in connection with the pulleys at top and bottom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN KNITTING MACHINES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Franklin Shaw at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th May 1881.
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN SHAW, of the Grand Hotel, Charing Cross, London.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN KNITTING MACHINES."
My Invention relates to improvements in the construction of that class of
knitting machines in which web-holders or holding down bits are used, and
particularly in that part of the needle-bed over which the web passes from the
needles, and in that other part of the needle-bed to which is attached the bed in
which the web-holders move to and fro, and by means of these improvements I am
enabled to use a pointed web-holder without risk of perforating the web; also to
adjust readily the relative height of the web-holder bed to turn out coarser or finer
work; and to insert and remove the needles conveniently.
These improvements are applicable to ordinary web-holding knitting machines,
the circular variety (of which consists essentially of a yarn guide, needle-bed,
needles, needle gate, needle-cam, cam ring, web-holders, web-holder bed, web
holder cam, gearing and crank, or other driving mechanism.
In this my improved knitting machine, the web-holder cam ring is driven by the
needle-cam ring by means of a connection which compels their simultaneous
movement, and the web-holder bed is adjustably fixed upon and against the face of
the needle-bed; and in order that the insertion and withdrawal of needles shall be
convenient, I make an embossinent upon the needle-bed where the web-holder bed
is to be attached to it, which embossment is grooved so that its grooves align with
and have their bottoms in line with the grooves in the other part of the cylinder,
the embossment being large enough to make the grooves through it deep enough to
cover entirely the needle butt; or I make grooves or recesses in the inner edge of
the web-holder bed, which grooves are to be placed opposite the grooves in the
needle bed, and must be deep enough to admit of the passage of the needle-butts.
But this last mode is quite inconvenient in practice, while the other is com-
paratively easy and is therefore preferred. This first mentioned mode permits the
placing of a strip of metal, say of steel and curvilinear in form, between the set
screw which holds the web-holder bed to the needle-bed, and the ribs of the
embossment to prevent the bruising of these ribs by the end of the screw.

page_text: The improvements in that part of the needle bed back of the needles and over
which the web passes from the needles, consists in a circular machine, in the
formation of an annular ridge, the upper or operation edge of which shall be so far
above the path of the point of the web-holder that it holds the web up out of that
path and so avoids the perforation of the web by the forward movement of the
web-holder.
This annulus may be formed out of the substance of the needle bed itself, or it
may be formed by means of a ring placed upon supports within the cylinder.
IMPROVE- MENTS CONNECTED WITH ELECTRIC APPLIANCES FOR MOVING AND OTHERWISE OPERATING UPON TRAM AND LIKE CARRIAGES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Richardson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th June 1881.
JOHN RICHARDSON, of Lincoln, in the County of Lincoln, Engineer.
" IMPROVE-
MENTS CONNECTED WITH ELECTRIC APPLIANCES FOR MOVING AND OTHERWISE
OPERATING UPON TRAM AND LIKE CARRIAGES."
The object of this Invention is driving tram and other cars by the use of an
electric motor and secondary batteries, and for utilizing the momentum of said
cars in descending inclines or stopping for producing electricity and partially
recharging cells.
For the purpose of driving tram and other vehicles by electricity in my novel
manner, I gear a dynamo machine or electric motor to the driving wheels in a
suitable manner, but instead of actuating this by a current of electricity which is
sent through the rails or by a fixed wire, I propose to place in the car itself a
suitable secondary battery which will be charged at intervals from a stationary
machine; by preference these chargings will take place at the terminus of the line.
I propose also so to arrange the motor that it can not only be stopped and started
at will, but also that either its motion or the direction of its current can be changed,
so that it will become driven by the car when it is required to stop or descend a
gradient, and it will thus not only act as a break but will produce electricity to
recharge the batteries.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF SECURING THE LEATHER TABS OF " BRACE ENDS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Charles Reddick at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd November 1881.
GEORGE CHARLES REDDICK of 9 Argyle Road Mile End in the County of
Middlesex. AN IMPROVED METHOD OF SECURING THE LEATHER TABS OF
"
BRACE ENDS,"
The object of this Invention is to dispense with the sewing operation of the tabs
of brace ends and to obtain a more reliable method of attachment by the employ-
ment of metal studs and eyelets which for the purposes of my Invention I pass
through three thicknesses produced by turning the upper portion over to the front
and turning the lip or end underneath, the slip ring is then inserted and the
leather punctured for the reception of the eyelet and the stud which fastens the
three plys or folds of leather together in a much stronger manner than can be
effected by sewing and gives a neater effect and a more solid appearance to that
part of a brace.
THE MANUFACTURE OF CHLORATE OF SODA
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Walker Bottomley and Robert
Francis Stuart, Molesworth at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on
the 8th July 1881.
JOHN WALKER BOTTOMLEY, of Widnes, and ROBERT FRANCIS STUART
MOLESWORTH, of Rochdale, both in the County of Lancaster.
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHLORATE OF SODA."
"IMPROVEMENTS
The object of our Invention is to produce at one operation chlorate of soda of a
high degree of purity.
For this purpose we take commercial tartaric acid and commercial carbonate of
or caustic soda. These two substances, namely, tartaric acid and (preferably)
carbonate of soda, either soda crystals or the best soda ash, are mixed in equivalent
proportions in water so as to form a solution of bitartrate of soda.
We now dissolve chlorate of potash in a mimimum quantity of hot water and
add this to the solution previously made of bitartrate of soda. The mixed solutions
are then allowed to cool and well agitated. A precipitate of bitartrate of potash
is formed which is separated by subsidence or filtration.
The filtrate or supernatant liquor is a solution of chlorate of soda, but is apt-on
evaporation for crystals to emit a little chlorine, so we add sufficient thin milk of
lime to give an alkaline reaction to the fluid.
The mixture is then filtered and the alkaline filtrate may now be safely boiled
down to the crystallizing point. The precipitate is tartrate of lime with an excess
of free lime and the impurities of commercial lime; it is put aside for further
treatment.
We sell the cream of tartar produced in the first part of our process for medical
or other purposes, or we recover the tartaric acid in the usual or any other manner
and use it over again in conjunction with carbonate of soda to decompose a new
portion of chlorate of potash; and this re-use we prefer, as a certain portion of
tartaric acid, allowing for the slight loss incidental to and inseparable from all
(even the best conducted) commercial chemical processes is able to decompose an
indefinite quantity of chlorate of potash.
In this recovery of the tartaric acid from the bitartrate of potash, we have the
potassium eliminated and formed into a new combination with the acid (sulphuric

page_text: or hydrochloric) which we use in such recovery. This salt (sulphate or chloride of
potassium) is separated in the usual manner by evaporation and crystallization of
its solutions and sent to the market.
The recovery of the tartaric acid from the alkaline tartrate of lime produced in
the second stage of our process is also combined with the recovery of the greater
bulk of the tartaric acid as above mentioned.
Instead of using chlorate of potash as herein mentioned, we can use the liquor
produced in the absorbing vessels of the chlorate works, which is a solution mainly
of chlorate and chloride of calcium, and which may be decomposed with tartrate
of soda, but to this process we prefer the decomposition of chlorate of potassium
mentioned above.
AN IMPROVED
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Wharton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th April 1881.
ALFRED WHARTON, of Snettisham, in the County of Norfolk.
TRICYCLE."
"AN IMPROVED
This Invention consists of an improved mode of constructing tricycles, so that
they may be entirely driven by hand and guided or directed by the feet.
The two large or main wheels are placed in front and are about five feet in
diameter, and the third or guiding wheel is in the rear of same, and to be about
eighteen inches in diameter.
The two front wheels are fixed upon an axle having two dips or cranks formed
on same, to be conveniently worked by the hands of the rider whose seat on the
frame is so placed as to easily reach and work the same, and to effectually operate
and propel the machine, the guiding being effected by the feet operating upon the
small or rear wheel underneath the rider, the guiding iron coming into operation
when the feet are placed in position. This tricycle is so constructed that lightness,
strength, and durability are all combined, and the dead weight reduced to a
minimumn. The frame of the tricycle is of light ironwork and the wheels of wood
with iron rims or tires, though I do not confine myself strictly to the employment
of materials in this way or the sizes of the wheels hereinbefore mentioned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRICYCLES, BICYCLES, AND OTHER VELOCIPEDES.
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Bliss at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th April 1881.
WILLIAM HENRY BLISS, of 5, Addington Terrace, Forest Hill, in the County of
Kent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRICYCLES, BICYCLES, AND OTHER VELOCIPEDES.'
According to one part of my improvements I make my machines with a driving
apparatus similar to a mechanic's ratchet drill by fixing toothed wheels on the
axle and on the driving wheels, and to the ratchet lever I attach treadles, or
connections with the treadles, and over the treadles I adjust a strap or stirrup
which enables the rider to bring the ratchet lever into its working position again.
In conjunction with the ratchet lever as above I make, according to my
improvements, tricycles with the driving wheels behind and a guide wheel in front,
or the reverse, and with two guide wheels in front and one or two driving wheels
behind.
Also according to another part of my improvements I make a velocipede similar
to an ordinary bicycle, but having a curved axle and two side wheels adjusted
about one inch off the ground, so as to ride like a bicycle, and at any moment be
able to stand still on the road.
According to another part of my improvements I also adopt a curved axle with
suitable governing springs to the back wheel.
According to another part of my improvements I also suspend the saddle or seat
spring with suitable segment cog wheels and pinion attached so as to adjust the
position of the rider to the incline of the road and for turning.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING HEALDS AND WARP THREADS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Riley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th October 1881.
ROBERT RILEY, of Keighley, in the County of York, Designer.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING HEALDS AND WARP THREADS FOR WEAVING."
This Invention relates to certain improvements in apparatus for the regulation
of warp threads in looms for weaving, and has for its object the arrangement of
the apparatus so that all the parts are accessable; to obtain a direct lift suitable
either for healds or harness, and to regulate the lifting and lowering bars so that
all the warp threads that are raised and all those that are lowered are respectively
level or in line with each other at that part of "shod" where the shuttle
passes through.
I accomplish my object in the following manner :-The apparatus is attached to
the top rail or in any convenient position above the loom, and is actuated by a rod
in connection with a crank secured to one of the shafts of the loom. Within the
frame of the apparatus I mount a number of L levers corresponding to the number
of healds or the harness required to weave the pattern in the piece; these levers
are actuated by the ordinary card or lag cylinder, and when operated upon actuate
sliding needles in connection therewith, which place hooked bars in such a position
that the lifting bar or knife in the upward portion of its traverse will raise the
same and the healds or harness connected therewith. Those healds or harness in
connection with the L levers that have not been actuated by the card or lag
cylinder will be lowered by the bottom bar, thus forming the "shed" for the
shuttle.
By an adjustment of the levers that actuate the raising and lowering bars the
latter can be regulated to such an angle that all the warp threads that are raised
above, and those that are lowered at that part of the "shed" where the shuttle
passes through, are respectively level or in line with each other at the part of the
"shed" where the shuttle passes through.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Berhard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th September 1881.
ALEXANDER BERHARD, of Paris, France, temporarily of 67, Strand, London.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS."
My Invention relates to the shape of rails and to the means of securing them on
the sleepers. It consists, first, in a double T rail, the web of which is oblique,
preferably with an angle of about 63 degrees, while the top and the base are
horizontal in the centre, the flanges being made of such thickness as to allow of
the rail being reversed after the upper surface or tread is worn out. In order to
render the rail, which rests with its base on the sleeper while the outer lip of the
top flange rests on a chair, reversible, I make the said outer lip of the top flange a
little higher (preferably about an eighth of an inch) than the inner lip of the
bottom flange, thereby allowing for the wear and tear to which the upper flange
or tread of the rail is subjected. The rail, besides resting with its base directly on
the sleeper, is supported on the outside only by resting with the outer lip of its
upper flange on a one-sided iron-chair which receives the lateral thrust, and to
which the rail may be secured by bolts passing through the web of the rail, or by
iron-clamps which face the inner side of the web and are secured to the sleeper.
The chair may be sunk with its base into the sleeper or provided with a downward
projecting flange or flanges, and it is otherwise secured to the sleeper by ordinary
wood screws or bolts. If bolts are used for securing the rail to the chair, the head
of the bolt which rests on the inner face of the web is made one-sided, while the
opposite end carries a nut. If clamps or holders are used on the side opposite the
chair instead of bolts passing through the rail, they are preferably made of wrought
iron and secured to the sleeper by screws or bolts. Their contact surface touching
the inner face of the rail may be planed, or roughed, or otherwise dressed to fit the
inside of the rail and prevent slipping. My system of rails and chairs may be used
with longitudinal or with transverse sleepers.