Improvements in Petroleum Burners for Incandescent Lamps.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Dec., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 18th Aug., 1896-Accepted, 26th Sept., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Petroleum Burners for Incandescent Lamps.
I, GEORGES WASHINGTON, of Courtrai, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The objects of this invention are to prevent the obstruction of the burner by
deposits of carbon in the vaporizing of petroleum, to prevent the condensation of
the vapours in the tubes and to permit of easy regulation of the passage of vapours
and consequently of the intensity of the flame which heats the incandescent light
radiating body or mantle.
The burner consists of a rectangularly bent or elbowed tubular chamber in the
horizontal branch of which is a metallic cone opening at its larger extremity in
the tube, being smaller than said tube and having lateral openings at its forward
narrower end leading to passages crossing the chamber and opening to the air.
In the vertical branch is a metallic cone which encloses the vaporizer consisting of
a vertical tube alongside of and connected to another central longer tube by means
of a capillary tube connecting the upper ends of said tubes. These tubes may also
be formed of one tube bent upon itself. The second aforesaid longer tube is open
below and slides with small friction on another tube having its lower end closed by
a cap in which are lateral orifices. This cap lies in a recess or chamber closed
below by a screw cap. To this chamber the petroleum under pressure is supplied.
The upper end of the last mentioned tube has an elongated cap of fine wire gauze.
This tube is thus removable for cleaning purposes and acts as a filter or strainer.
The first tube contains wire gauze and has laterally below an orifice alligned
axially with the cone in the horizontal branch and closed by a needle valve. The
needle valve or its spindle at its outer end is rectangularly bent and passes through
a slot in an exteriorly threaded tube in which a screw nut runs, the nut having a
recess engaging with the projecting end of the valve spindle. The vaporizer
projects beyond the upper end of the burner chamber which is closed by a wire
gauze and is externally screw threaded to carry a vertically adjustable crown the
latter forming an annular pan for receiving spirit for the lighting of the burner
and carrying the gallery on which the lamp chimney is supported and also the
incandescent mantle which surrounds the upper part of the vaporizer.
The vaporized petroleum mixes with the air necessary to form a combustible
mixture in the cone in the horizontal branch of the burner chamber and is thus
kept from contact with the pipes bringing the liquid petroleum which would tend
to chill the gases and recondense the petroleum.
Dated this 13th day of December 1895
HERBERT HADDAN & Co.,
Agents to Applicant.

page_text: I, GEORGES WASHINGTON of Courtrai, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The objects of this invention are to prevent the obstruction of the burner by
deposits of carbon in the vaporizing of petroleum to prevent the condensation of
the vapours in the tubes and to permit of easy regulation of the passage of vapours,
and consequently of the intensity of the flame which heats the incandescent light
radiating body or mantle.
The burner consists of a rectangularly bent or elbowed tubular chamber in the
horizontal branch of which is a metallic cone opening at its larger extremity in
the tube being smaller than said tube and having lateral openings at its forward
narrower end leading to passages crossing the chamber and opening to the
air. In the vertical branch is a metallic cone which encloses the vaporizer
consisting of a vertical tube alongside of and connected to another central longer
tube by means of a capillary tube connecting the upper ends of said tube. These
tubes may also be formed of one tube bent upon itself. The second aforesaid
longer tube is open below and slides with small friction on another tube having
its lower end closed by a cap in which are lateral orifices. This cap lies in a
recess or chamber closed below by a screw cap. To this chamber the petroleum
under pressure is supplied. The upper end of the last mentioned tube bas an
elongated cap of fine wire gauze. This tube is thus removable for cleaning
purposes and acts as a filter or strainer. The first tube contains wire gauze and
has laterally below an orifice aligned axially with the cone in the horizontal branch
and closed by a needle valve. The needle valve or its spindle at its outer end is
rectangularly bent and passes through a slot in an exteriorly threaded tube in
which a screw nut runs, the nut having a recess engaging with the projecting end
of the valve spindle. The vaporizer projects beyond the upper end of the burner
chamber which is closed by a wire gauze and is externally screw threaded to carry
a vertically adjustable crown; the latter forming an annular pan for receiving
spirit for the lighting of the burner and carrying the gallery in which the lamp
chimney is supported and also the incandescent mantle which surrounds the upper
part of the vaporizer.
The vaporized petroleum mixes with the air necessary to form a combustible
mixture, in the cone in the horizontal branch of the burner chamber and is thus
kept from contact with the pipes bringing the liquid petroleum which would tend
to chill the gases and recondense the petroleum.
In the annexed drawing Fig. 1 shows a side elevation.
Fig. 2 a general cross section.
Fig. 3 details in section on line X Y of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4, longitudinal section through the parts T and C of Fig. 2.
Fig. 5, plan and elevation of modifications.
The apparatus consists of a bent tube T cuclosing in its horizontal part a
metallic cone C opening at its larger end into the tube T and in communication
at the other end with the air by exterior side openings O formed by the side
adjustment of the cone C.
In the vertical branch of the tube T there is a metallic cone C", the tube also
encloses the evaporizer consisting of the tube t united to a second tube t' by a
capillary tube t¹ or simply by the tube t. The tube t slides easily upon the tube t
ending at its lower part where it reposes in the hollow of a screw nut e¹ by a collar

page_text: provided with side holes o¹ and carrying on its upper part a small cap m of metallic
wire gauze having a narrow mesh.
The second tube t¹ or the bent prolongation of the tube t of the evaporizer
carries interiorly a small cap of metallic gauze m' and terminates at its under part
by a small opening b. Opposite this opening is arranged a pin a which can be
moved to and fro by means of a screw nut L movable to and fro upon a screw
threaded rod and operating by its movement the rod a which is bent at a right
angle at its extremity in all and for the passage of which a bore is provided in the
screw threaded rod I.
Fig. 5 represents a variation of this arrangement which represents certain
advantages explained hereafter. In this arrangement the rod a can be advanced
or moved backwards by the action of an eccentric L' provided with a lever L"
operating upon the support which is movable longitudinally on the pin. The
pin a can further be displaced vertically so that it is constantly opposite the
opening of the mouth 6 (Fig. 2) even if the latter is displaced in consequence of
the dilatation of the evaporizer t¹ t.
The vertical branch of the tube T carries at its upper part a metallic wire
gauze M and an annular crown 9 having a ring g¹ which can be approached or
removed from the top of the tube T by means of screw threads provided upon this
tube. The ring 9 carries further the crown supporting the chimney c¹ and the
incandescent mantle of the usual system.
The burner is fixed by the tubulure n of Figs. 1 and 3 screw threaded interiorly
upon a petroleum supply pipe under pressure or upon any receiver which can feed
it with petroleum under pressure. The tubulare n communicates with a cavity
provided in the interior of the metallic picce R, Figs. 1, 2, and 3, by means of a
small conduct n' which can be closed by means of a needle a', Fig. 3, operated by a
handle
p.
The piece R closed at its under part by the screw nut e' serves as support to the
whole of the burner. The knee T is fixed upon it by means of the plate e upon
which it rests, a stop preventing the rotation of the apparatus.
The apparatus being brought as it has been said hierebefore, in communication
with a petroleum receiver under pressure, a little alcohol is inflamed in the ring y
in order to effect the lighting and the tap p is opened. The petroleum penetrates
through the channels n and into the interior of the piece R, enters through
the orifices o into the tubulure of the vaporizer, arrives at the height of the
ring 9, is heated by the contact of the heat produced by the lighted spirit is
vaporized, traverses the wire gauze m descends through the capillary tube t" into
the tube t' or vapour receiver and escapes by the second metallic gauze through
the mouth with more or less intensity according to the needle a being less or
more advanced. The vapour drives then into the cone C carrying with itself the
air drawn in by the side openings O. The entrance of the air necessary for the
formation of the combustible mixture can be varied at pleasure by ineans of
the sleeve S sliding on the horizontal branch of the tube T and covering more or
less the orifices O. In the cone C is formed a mixture of air and vapour which
passes according to the arrows in the horizontal branch of the tube T tbeu in the
space between the vertical branch and the cone C by changing twice the direction
suddenly in order to better operate the mixture and especially in order to diminish
its velocity. This mixture traverses the wire gauze M which limits the point of
combustion and is lighted by the burning spirit in the crown g. The flame thus
produced brings the mantle to incandescence and causes then the continuous
evaporization of the petroleum contained in the evaporizer t³. The carbon which
will be formed during the evaporization of the petroleum will be deposited in the
whole length of the tube to, the wire gauze cap serves to filter the vapour and to
prevent particles being carried into the small tube "; consequently it will be
sufficient for cleaning the apparatus to screw off the screw nut e¹ and to draw back
the tube which can be easily cleaned, being open at its two extremities the
metallic gauzes m and m' being easily replaced, the apparatus is not put out of use

page_text: in consequence of obstructions as was the case with the burners hitherto used, the
small unreachable tubes of which are obstructed in a very short time without it
being possible to prevent it. Finally if the orifice b for the escaping of the
petroleum vapours at the extremity of the tube t¹ should be obstructed one has
only to draw out the horizontal part of tube T from its sockets in order to
obtain easy access to the interior to clear this orifice.
Also the condensation of vapours produced before their utilization is no more to
be feared as the apparatus has no long capillary tubes, the vapours by means of
the disposition of the tube T in bent form being immediately after their formation
taken from the cold liquid tubes. The tube T forming the exterior covering and
being near to the flame is rapidly heated to the point of vaporizing again the light
condensation which might be produced at the beginning of lighting, upon the walls
of the tube T during the passage of the mixture of air and vapour.
The regulating is rendered as sensitive as desired by means of the regulating
rod a accessible from the outside with a displacement as small as desired.
This rod has the advantage of being far away from any part of the burner which
is brought to a high temperature so that the imperfect operation of the regulator
is no more to be feared as was the case with the present regulating taps which
under the effect of the heat gripped and did not operate well.
Also the very sensitive regulating which it effects allows a little flame to be
constantly maintained of as reduced consumption of petroleum as desired, which
allows the apparatus when once lighted to be kept always ready for operation. It
being sufficient to pull the pin a little back in order to augment the escape of the
vapours when the burner is again in operation.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what 1
claim is ;-
1. The device for collecting and taking off the deposits of carbon formed during
the vaporization of the petroleum, consisting of an evaporator provided with au
inner tube t carrying a metallic wire gauze m.
2. The use of a bent tube T provided with inner cones c and c" with air
passages o capable of operating the thorough mixture of air and combustible
vapour protected against contact with the cold supply pipes.
3. The regulator rod a capable of moderating at pleasure the intensity of the
escape of the vapours produced by the burner and allow an excessively reduced
escape of these vapours in order to maintain a small permanent flame.
Dated this 18th day of August 1896
HERBERT HADDAN & Co.,
18 Buckingham Street, Strand, London, Agents to Applicant.