STOVES FOR COOKING AND HEATING
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Riddel Musgrave, Robert Musgrave, and James
Musgrave, of Belfast, Ireland, for the Invention of
STOVES FOR COOKING AND HEATING."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
Robert Musgrave, and James Musgrave at the Office of the Commis-
sioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 1st October 1855
We, JOHN RIDDEL MUSGRAVE, ROBERT MUSGRAVE, and JAMES MUSGRAVE,
of Belfast, Ireland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES FOR COOKING AND HEATING" to be as follows:-
Our Invention of improvements in stoves for cooking and healing consists,
firstly, in an improved construction of cooking stove, in which the fire is
enclosed by sliding doors, so that the whole of the front of the fire may be used
when necessary for roasting; or the lower door may be closed and the upper
half of the fire used; or if both doors be closed, the top only of the fire will
be exposed. A small space between the sliding doors affords the means of
regulating the admission of air to the fire; the sliding doors which shut in the
fire may be made to move in a horizontal or vertical direction, or on hinges, or
one vertical and the other horizontal. The boiler of the stove forms the bottom,
back, and one side of the fire-place, and is cast with ribs projecting edgeways
into the fire; the space Between these ribs is filled with blocks of fire clay, or
Pic 1

page_text: the ribs may be cast deep and close together, so as to dispense with the fire
clay. The outer surfaces of the boiler are further heated by the hot air and
products of combustion, which pass off from the fire, and are carried round the
boiler on their way to the chimney or flue; the projecting ribs also ensure a
rapid transmission of heat from the fire to the boiler.
Another arrangement is to construct the stove with the fire in the centre, an
oven at each side, and the boiler beneath the fire. The heat passes to the
right and left round the sides and under the bottom of the ovens; the two
currents meet under the boiler, where they unite and pass up into the chimney
at the back of the fire.
Another improvement consists in so arranging the hot plate that fuel may
be supplied to the fire without disturbing the cooking vessels placed thereon.
Immediately over the fire is a moveable plate, which is made to slide in grooves,
and pass beneath the surface of the hot plate, so as to expose a portion or the
whole of the fire beneath. The lower part of the oven of this stove is fitted
with a flat tube opening to the external air; a similar tube is fitted to the
upper part communicating with the flue. Both the apertures are covered with
sliding plates to open or close them at pleasure; when open a current of air
passes through the oven, and carries off the steam and smell arising from the
roasting to the flue. The side of the oven next the fire is fitted with projecting
ribs of metal, with or without fire clay, as described in reference to the boiler;
the back or other parts exposed to the heat may be similarly fitted, if required.
Adjoining the roasting oven just described is a smaller oven for baking. At the
upper part of this oven is a plate of iron, by which the heated vapour from the
fire may be shut off from the baking oven, and caused to circulate only round
the roasting oven. The space above the stove communicating with the chimney
is fitted with a ventilator, to carry off the steam and vapour which arise during
the process of cooking; the ventilator is made to adjust by hand, and may
either communicate with the chimney or with a tube fitted for the purpose.
The next part of our Invention refers to improvements in the slow combus-
tion stoves, for which Letters Patent were granted to us, bearing date the
16th day of November 1853. In this stove the ends, sides, top, and all other
available surfaces exposed to the fire, are made with the projecting ribs before
described; these are placed at an angle, so that the current of air passing
through the stove may impinge upon them, and rapidly deprive them of their
heat. The fire-place is lined with blocks of fire clay placed between the pro-
jecting ribs, or made with close ribs, as before described. Two hot air chambers
are formed within the stove by bent plates of metal extending from side to
side, or they may be placed at right angles to the front of the stove. These

page_text: chambers are heated by the current of vapour from the fire passing around
them. Openings fitted with slides are made in the sides of the chambers to
convey the heated air to another apartment. A stove of the foregoing descrip-
tion may be adapted for heating chambers or public buildings from beneath;
for this purpose the stove is placed over a chamber of about 3 feet square,
communicating by a flue with the external air, which passes from the chamber
around the heated surface of the stove. This stove may be placed beneath the
apartment to be heated, or the warm air may be conveyed by pipes or flues
thereto. The projecting parts of the stove, and, where practicable, of the boiler
and oven, may be made as follows:-The pattern from which the plate is to be
cast is made with a number of short projections, having a groove made in the
face of each. This pattern is placed in the mould, and a plate of metal placed
in each of the grooves; sand is then rammed round the patterns, and when
they are removed the plates are left imbedded in the sand. Molten metal is
poured into the mould, which flows around the plates, uniting the whole into
one mass.
We do not confine ourselves to this particular method of making the plates
with projecting ribs. The outer ornamental casing of the stove, which is
formed of earthenware slabs or ornamental metal plates, may be attached to
the projecting ribs by having narrow strips of metal fastened across the ribs
at suitable intervals, and to them the earthenware or metal plates are to be
secured by screws, as described in our Specification, dated May 1854; or the
ribs may be cast or made with an ornamental moulding upon their outer edges
so as to fill up or nearly so the space between the ribs, and thus form the
outer surface of the stove. We regulate the admission of air to these stoves
by means of a double sliding grating, in which one plate slides over the other,
either closing or openings the apertures, as desired, by means of a moveable
knob or handle fitted to the moveable plate.
In the foregoing outline of our Invention we have not entered into a descrip-
tion of the details, which we reserve a right to vary as required.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
John Riddel Musgrave, Robert Musgrave, and James Musgrave, Her special
licence that we, the said John Riddel Musgrave, Robert Musgrave, and
James Musgrave, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
we, the said John Riddel Musgrave, Robert Musgrave, and James Musgrave,
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES FOR COOKING AND
HEATING," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said John Riddel
Musgrave, Robert Musgrave, and James Musgrave, our executors or admi-
nistrators, by an instrument in writing under his, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same, was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
!
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Riddel Musgrave, Robert
Musgrave, and James Musgrave, do hereby declare the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings represents a front elevation of one
of our improved stoves adapted for the purpose of cooking; Figure 2 is a
sectional clevation; Figure 3, a transverse section; and Figures 4 and 5,
detailed Drawings of the boiler of the same.
Referring to Figures 1, 2, and 3, A is the fire-place; B, the bars, which are
made to lift out easily; C is a solid plate of iron, cast in connection with the
first bar B; this turns on its centre at B, and falls to a right angle by remov-
ing the bolt at the side, thus forming a shelf for cooking vessels. D is a door
sliding freely on the carriages E and F; but instead of the carriage going
across the front of the fire, the door is made sufficiently long that when it is
drawn across the front of the fire it will still be held firmly in its place. G is
another door, which fills up the remaining space in the front of the fire, and
slides in the carriages E and H. This door is so arranged that it slides freely
parallel to the door D, until the fire is nearly hidden, leaving only the open

page_text: space K between the doors D and G; but when it is desirable to close this
space also, the door G is pulled forward, until the point of it passes through
the space I, when by means of the inclined planes formed in the carriage H,
and shewn by the dotted lines, the door G will rise and touch the door D; by
this means completely excluding the air from the front of the fire, except-
ing that which finds its way through the crevices of the fittings, which is
just sufficient to keep the fire burning at a very slow rate from night till
morning. L, Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, is the boiler, which forms the side and bottom
of the fire; it is cast with ribs m, m, m, projecting edgeways into the fire, the
space between these ribs being filled with loose blocks of fire clay n, n, n;
or if the ribs m, m, are cast deep and close together the fire clay may be dis-
pensed with.
The advantage of these improvements in the cooking stove is, that when it
is necessary to roast meat before the firc, the doors D and G are both pulled
open, presenting a large clear fire for that purpose; when the roasting is finished
the lower door G is to be closed. By this means the air is cut off from the
lower half of the fire (which rests upon the solid bottom of the boiler), and the
combustion ceases in that portion, leaving only the upper half burning, which
being always in close contact with the hot plate, and in the position best
adapted for heating the various parts of the stove, is quite sufficient for all the
ordinary purposes of cooking, thus effecting a large saving of fuel. When it
is required to make the upper half of the fire burn more briskly, the upper
door D is to be closed, leaving the space K open, when the air is forced rapidly
through the upper portion of the fire, and an intense heat is maintained so
long as the door D is kept in that position. When it is desirable to draw the
hot water by a tap directly from the front of the boiler, the doors D and G may
be made to slide vertically from the back of the ash pan upwards, either in
grooves, with means to fix them where necessary, or with chains and balance
weights; or one may be made to slide horizontally and one vertically; or onc
or both doors may be made to act on hinges, (in every case provision being
made to exclude the air from the bottom of the fire when the lower door G is
closed, and admit the air by an aperture to serve the purpose of the open space
K between the doors.
The form and position of the boiler is an important improvement, every side
being exposed to the action of the heat; first, internally, to direct contact with
the fire; and, secondly, externally, to the return heat, passing through the fluc
on its way to the chimney. The improvement of casting ribs on the boiler
which project into the fire secures rapid the transmission of heat to the water
within it, while the surface of the boiler being removed from actual contact

page_text: with the fire, the danger of fracture arising from sudden contraction or expan-
sion is avoided. O is a hot plate extending the entire length of the stove.
Hitherto in stoves of this description it has been impossible to remove that
portion of the hot plate immediately above the fire, for the purpose of sup-
plying fuel or boiling meat, without great trouble, or injuring the efficiency
of the stove.
Our Invention embraces an important improvement on this portion, which
improvement is shewn clearly in the sections, Figures 2 and 3; where P is
the loose plate immediately over the fire; Q is another loose plate, further back,
but level with the surface of the hot plate; R is one of two carriages, cast in
the hot plate, upon which the plate P slides, and so arranged by means of
inclined planes, that so soon as the plate P is pushed backwards it sinks with
ease beneath the plate Q without disturbing the vessels that may be heating,
and can be pushed back so far as to uncover the whole surface of the fire;
when pulled forward it rises up in like manner to its original level and remains
there secure. This arrangement is also applicable to the feeding cover of the
heating stone, herein-after described.
The other portions of the cooking stove consists of a roasting oven S, a
baking oven T, a large hot closet U, an ash pan with grated shelf V, a smoke
register W, and a ventilating register X, and a door Y for cleaning the flue.
It will be seen that every part of this stove is arranged to be heated by one
fire without the use of dampers, that the bottoms of the ovens and boiler form
one continuous line, offering no obstruction to the flow of the smoke and
heated gases, at the same time exposing the largest possible amount of surface
to the action of the heat. The oven S is furnished with a flat tube a, which
passes under it to the back, where it opens into the oven through a hole covered
by a sliding plate, which is opened or closed by the knob a' in front; there is
also a similar hole and sliding plate at the top of the right side, controuled
in front by the knob b', and covered outside by a metal box b, with its mouth
opening downwards to prevent the soot getting into the oven. When the
knobs a¹ and b' are pulled out there is a constant flow of fresh air through the
tube a into the oven; this air gets heated in its passage, and does not chill
the inside of oven, while the smell and steam from the roasting is conveyed
into the flue through the cover b. By this means meat can be roasted equally
well as before the fire, and when the knobs a¹ and b¹ are pushed back the
oven becomes an ordinary close pastry oven. The side of the oven S next the
fire is fitted with ribs of metal, with or without blocks of fireclay, as already
described for the boiler L, and these ribs may be used round all the parts
exposed to the heat, if desirable. The knob C¹ is connected with a flat plate

page_text: of metal C, Figure 2, the breadth of the space between the ovens S and T,
and turning on a centre. In its usual position this plate lies down, resting on
the edge of the oven S, as shewn by the dotted line, when the heat from the
fire passes straight over the tops of both ovens, and thence round, as shown
by the arrows, till it escapes into the chimney. But when it is desired to have
an increased heat in the oven S, the knob C¹ is turned towards the right, when
the plate C rises up, as shewn in Figure 2, and allows the heat to escape
directly round the end of the oven S. It is sometimes desirable to have a brisk
fire, for example, for heating the oven without imparting heat to the front, in
which case we adapt a loose bottom grating which rests on the boiler, as shown
by Figure 7. e and f. Figure 1, are drawers fiited beneath the oven. These
drawers are made without sides, as shown by the section, Figure 8; when
drawn out the back of the drawer scrapes the soot from the under side of the
oven or boiler. A strong objection to stoves of this nature, which are usually
roofed over at the chimney arch has always been, the excessive heat they
produce in the kitchen, and the difficulty of carrying off the smell from roasting
meat, and boiling vegetables. Our Invention includes a valuable improvement
to obviate this difficulty. W, Figure 1, is a small portion of the iron roof, with
a sliding register on the usual plan, opening into the smoke flue no larger than
necessary for the purpose of cleaning, and having a strong iron lintel Z passing
from back to front, which of supports a thin division D of brick, iron, or any
suitable material, which is carried up until it approaches the gathering or
narrow part of the chimney, where a register plate X furnished with a ven-
tilator E is fastened, and the division D' is carried on, as at F¹; or a metallic
or earthenware tube G is carried up from the ventilator E', either partly or
wholly to the top of the chimney. The ventilator E' is moved by the handle
H', which hangs down within reach of the hand. By this contrivance the
large space between the top of the stove and the register X forms a spacious
trap to receive the small and heated air, which can in this way be carried
off by a much smaller tube than if first allowed to escape into the kitchen.
Figure 4 is a perspective view of a simple form of boiler for small sized
stoves, retaining the principal feature, but dispensing with the water space
behind the fire, which is intended to be made up with fire brick; one of the
blocks of fire clay is shewn fixed at the side and one at the bottom.
Figure 5 is a perspective view of a large sized boiler in its complete form
with the addition of a contrivance for introducing air at the bottom of the fire.
K is a portion of the bottom of the boiler, made to slope quickly downwards in
the direction of the front door M. Figure 1; L, L, are the bottom ribs, cast to
fit to the angle of the boiler, and having a T head on the top of each. The

page_text: top edge of each T is brought within a short distance of the one adjoining;
the whole forming a series of fire bars for the fuel to rest upon, with small air
spaces between, and a wider space for the ashes to fall freely into, each bar
being cast in intimate connexion with the surface of the boiler, and conveying
the heat to the water contained therein; or it may be desirable in some
instances to make these fire bars loose. M, Figure 1, is a door placed in front
of the stove, as seen at the back of the ash pan, and fitted to regulate the air
supplied to the fire.
When the two upper doors D and G are closed, and the air space of the
door M is opened, the fire is converted into a close furnace, which can be
made to heat the various parts of the stove more rapidly than when a greater
volume of cold air is admitted through the upper doors, and also gives the
means of controuling the combustion, so as to make one supply of fuel last
from morning till night. When the door M is removed, the ashes which have
accumulated on the sloping bottom K of the boiler slide easily forward into
the ash pan.
The method adopted for forming the ribs m and L' is either to cast them,
where practicable, in one piece with the boiler; or, when they are required to
be deeper and closer, or of a shape that cannot be made in that way, separate
ribs are first made of the requisite shape and size, either of cast iron or plates
of rolled or hammered iron, or any other suitable material, which are then to
be placed in proper moulds prepared for the purpose, and incorporated with
the body of the boiler by running the melted metal round a portion of the
Joose plates, so as to form them for all practical purposes into one substance
with the boiler, as will be more fully described in the second part of our
Invention. We also propose to cast ribs of metal on the inner sides of the
ovens to be covered with a plate of iron, so as to form hot cells into which the
cold air intended for the ventilation of the oven may be admitted before passing
into the oven. We do not confine ourselves to cast iron as the material for
making the boilers L, but propose to make them of the forms described either
with or without the ribs, or with ribs of modified shapes, and in wrought iron,
or copper, or any other suitable material.
The second part of our Invention refers to improvements in the stoves called
slow combustion stoves, for the purpose of heating public and private buildings,
&c., and has connection with a Patent for improvements in hot air stoves
granted to us, and bearing date the Sixteenth day of November, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-three. Figure 9 is a sectional elevation of the im-
proved stove; Figure 10 is a longitudinal section in elevation. A, A, is the
body of the stove, formed of flat plates of cast iron or other suitable material

page_text: fastened together by the screw bolts or keyed pins E, E; B, B, is the top plate,
with an opening in centre to supply fuel to the fire; C, C, is a sliding cover
moving freely over the opening in the top plate; D, D, is the base plate;
F, F, F, are the deep ribs, of cast or wrought iron, or copper, or any other
suitable material, projecting from the ends, sides, top, and all other available
surfaces of the stove body, as more fully shewn by the Figures 4, 5, and 6, and
placed at such an angle as to cause the currents of air to impinge upon the
ribs, and more quickly rob them of their heat; G is a door close to the base,
either in the end or side of the stove, and resting against the bevilled face of
the frame H. The faces of the frame H and of the door G are ground and
fitted to each other so as to be air tight: the door G can be pushed to the side
to the distance of or about one inch,. giving the most exact control over the
amount of air admitted to support combustion, and at the same time the door
G can be lifted freely upwards, for the purpose of removing the ashes or raking
the fire. I is the fire-place, lined with blocks of fire clay or plates of iron,
having projecting ribs with or without blocks of fire clay, as already described,
for the fire-place of cooking stove; R is a strong metal frame, of the same
thickness as the lining of the fire-place, and carrying. a grating S exactly
opposite the ash door G; T is a block of fire clay or metal, upon which the
fire burns; the air to support combustion is taken through the grating S, which
also keeps the burning fuel from rolling to the front, and opens like a hinged
door for removing the refuse of the fire. The amount of air admitted to the
fire is guided by the position of the front door G, as already described. When
desirable, the grated door S is dispensed with, and a sliding grating is passed
in from the front, having an iron hopper, as shewn by the dotted lines, to keep
the fuel from falling down when the grating is drawn out. K, K, K, K, are
four plates of iron, placed inside the stove, and passing from side to side; one
pair are jointed at the top by a semicircular plate, and the other pair are joined
at the bottom with a similar plate, so as to form two hollow chambers for the
atmospheric air to circulate through, and leaving spaces between, as shewn by
the arrows, from which the air is carefully excluded, and which serve as flues
to carry off the smoke and unconsumed gases until they escape by the pipe I, at
the top; or this pipe can be placed at the end of the stove, as shewn by the
dotted lines. By this arrangement, the heat carried from the fire by the smoke
and gases, instead of escaping directly into the chimney, is gradually imparted
to the cold fresh air, which circulates through and around the two hollow
chambers, and thus the greatest economy of fuel is secured. M, M, are
openings in the side plate of the stove to admit free circulation of air through
the chambers, or these sides are close the air contained in the chambers can

page_text: be conveyed by pipes to heat another apartment. W is a hole in the base to
admit fresh air, conveyed in a flue from the outside of the building in the
common way, to pass up into one of the chambers to be heated; O is a large
hole in the base, covered with a sliding plate, and controuled by a knob in
front, for the purpose of allowing the soot that accumulates in the flues to fall
out by pulling the knob; P is a tube, passing through the top part of the back
chamber, and controuled from the outside of the stove by a sliding plate Q, for
the purpose of allowing a portion of the heat from the fire to pass directly into
the pipe b on first lighting the stove, in order to secure a good draft. The
stove, as now described, is in its simplest form adapted for heating places where
an attractive appearance is not required, and for fixing underground for heating
churches or other public buildings. Figure 6 shews the plan of fixing it in
brickwork. For that purpose, a hollow chamber of about three feet by three
feet is first constructed beneath the level of the floor, having free communi-.
cation by a flue with the outside of the building, or any place from which it is
desirable to draw the supply of air to be heated. The stove A, Figure 6, is then
placed over this chamber, leaving room for the air to pass under the base D;
a broad front plate of metal U is then placed a sufficient distance from the
body of the stove to allow the atmospheric air to circulate freely between them,
having a recessed framing V connecting the front plate W with the body of
the stove A, thus allowing free access to the regulating door G, but excluding
the atmospheric air from entering the space between the front plate U and the
body of the stove. W is another plate of metal, sloping backwards and fitted
with tight doors, which when open give easy access to the sliding cover C,
Figures 9, 10, of the stove for feeding with fuel; but when closed, excluding
the external air from the chamber containing the stove; X, X, is solid brick-
work, built round the remaining three sides of the stove, and in contact with
the metal front plates U and W, but leaving a clear space of from six to twelve
inches or more between the inside of the brickwork and the body of the stove.
This brickwork is then continued in the form of a flue along the floors or walls
of the apartments to be heated, having openings to admit the heated air when
desirable. Or, for a large public room, the whole may be built directly under
the floor, and the heated air allowed to pass at once from the heating surface
of the stove into the apartment.
In stoves constructed with underground flues the draft may get sluggish
from the want of a sufficient volume of heated air to fill the flues and maintain
the circulation; we remedy this by forming air tubes between the brick lining
and the body of the stove. This arrangement is shown in elevation by Figure
11, and in plan by Figure 12. A are the air tubes; B, the hot air chamber;

page_text: and b', a series of apertures in the upper part of the chamber. The currents of
air which pass through the tubes A and the chamber B mix with the products
of combustion, and serve not only to increase the draft, but to consume the
smoke arising from imperfect combustion. Another improvement for regulating
the draft is shewn in the same Figures. It consists of a plate or partion C,
suspended in the centre of the smoke flue by the adjusting screws D, D, or
other similar means. When the regulator C is lowered, a portion of the heat
from the fire passes direct into the chimney, by which the draft is greatly
increased; when drawn up to the top, the heat passes under the plate C, as
shown by the arrows.
Figures 13 and 14 represent a modification of our heating stove, in
which a hot air chamber E, E, is placed on each side of the fire-place F.
This arrangement of the stove is adapted for placing against a wall, where
only a small projection into the apartment is desirable, as shown by the plan,
Figure 14. The double chambers also serve to retain the heat longer in
the stove before it escapes to the chimney.
Figure 15 represents, in plan, an improvement for controuling the admission
of air to stove; it consists of a double grating, one sliding beneath the other.
By means of a handle G the openings g¹ may be closed or opened, so as to
regulate the quantity of air admitted to the fire.
It has long been known that plates of metal projecting from any heating
body, by absorbing the heat rapidly from the fuel, and in turn exposing a greatly
increased surface of heated metal to the cooler air surrounding it, tends greatly
to economise fuel, by arresting the heat that would otherwise pass to the
chimney, and also preventing the body of the stove from getting overheated;
but this principle has been of little practical use, from the difficulty of making
the ribs of such depth as to project into air sufficiently cool to absorb the heat
they contained. Or, if loose plates were employed for ribs, the difficulty of
preventing the escape of noxious gases from the fire, and the impossibility of
adopting anything but the rudest plan of combustion, have rendered the plans
useless.
Our Invention includes a very simple but most efficient plan for securing
all the advantages of the deep projecting ribs without risk of the gases escaping,
and applicable to any form of stove. In Figure 16, A is an enlayed section
of a part of the outer body of our improved stove, and F the projecting ribs,
made of loose thin plates of wrought or cast iron, or copper, or other suitable
material, and which may be of any breadth, from six to twelve inches pro-
jection, or more. The casting pattern for A is made with the projections
Y, as shewn, and when prepared for moulding is fitted with the loose F,

page_text: the portion that is clasped by the parts Y being first tinned or otherwise pre-
pared for adhering to the melted metal, according to the nature of the material
employed for the ribs; the spaces between the ribs is then filled with sand,
closely rammed, and the whole moulded in the common way. The pattern for
the parts A and Y is then removed, leaving the loose plates F remaining in
the sand, and the melted metal is poured into the space left by the pattern so
removed, and when cooled will be found adhering to the edges of the plates F,
as shewn by Figure 16, as securely as if made in one piece. Or the parts Y
may be omitted in the pattern, the plates F being packed in the sand accord-
ing to the spaces required between them, leaving the sand to be removed with
a tool from each side of the plates F, to allow the metal to flow around them,
so as to grasp them, in the manner already described. We do not, however,
confine ourselves to the exact method of casting here described, the principal
feature of this part of our Invention consisting in the attachment by the most
convenient means of broad projecting ribs to solid plates forming the body of
the stove.
Our Invention also embraces an improvement in the method of ornamenting
the outer surface of this stove. The ribs F are made of the form shewn by
the dotted lines at the left side of Figure 9. On the top of these ribs is then
placed a moulded top A, with an opening in the centre to give access to the
sliding cover C, and over this opening is placed an ornamental cover B',, hinged
to lift up, and resting on four balls to allow a free passage for the heated air
from the body of the stove. Narrow bands of iron are then fastened across
the exposed edges of the ribs F at proper intervals to receive screwed pins C¹.
which are made to pass through the centre of loose slabs of earthenware or
other ornamental surfaces, as described in the second part of the Specification
of our Patent, sealed November Sixteenth, One thousand eight hundred and
fifty-three. Or ornamental metallic plates may be used for the same purpose,
and the pins C may be screwed into proper projections left on the edges of
the ribs F. Figure 17 shews an enlarged section of the same improvement.
A is the body of the stove; F, the ribs projecting from it; C', the screwed
pins; D, the narrow band of iron to receive it; E, the slabs of earthenware or
other material secured by the pin; and G, the cells into which the air is
admitted below, and becoming heated, passes out at the top of the stove
Figure 18 is another plan for ornamenting the external appearance of the
stove; A being the body of the stove; and F, the ribs, each rib being cast or
drawn with an ornamental moulding on the outer edge, of such a design as to
give a solid ornamental appearance to the outer surface of the stove, conceal-
ing the cells G for the circulation of the air; or the edges of the ribs F may be

page_text: carved in such a manner as to form ornamental patterns of geometrical open
work for the diffusion of the heated air.
Having described the nature of our Invention, and the manner of carrying
the same into practical effect, we wish it to be understood that we do not
confine ourselves to the precise arrangement of details herein-before described
and shown, as the same may be varied without departing from the Invention;
but what we claim, and desire to secure under the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent, is,
Firstly, the several improvements in the construction and arrangement of
cooking stoves, substantially as herein-before described, and shown by the
accompanying Drawings.
Secondly, the several improvements in the construction and arrangement of
stoves for heating buildings, apartments, &c., as herein-before described and
shown.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Musgrave, for myself and the said
John Riddel Musgrave and Robert Musgrave, have hereunto set my
hand and scal, this Twenty-seventh day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
JAMES MUSGRAVE. (L.S.)