IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO SEWING MACHINES."
Year: 1878

page_text: "
LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Chadwick, Managing Director, and Thomas Sugden,
Foreman, of the Firm of Bradbury & Co., Limited, of Wellington Works,
Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Sewing Machine Manufacturers, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO SEWING MACHINES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Chadwick and
Thomas Sugden at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th
March 1878.
THOMAS CHADWICK, Managing Director, and THOMAS SUGDEN, Foreman, of the
Firm of Bradbury & Co., Limited, of Wellington Works, Oldham, in the County
of Lancaster, Sewing Machine Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE
TO SEWING MACHINES."
Firstly. Our Invention relates to arrangements and combinations of mechanism for
driving sewing machines, and is particularly applicable to sewing machines to bo
rotated by hand, and its object is to increase the speed of rotation between the
hand or driving wheel, and the. shaft or parts to receive motion, and consists in
arranging a stationary bevel wheel on the axis for the hand or driving wheel, and
in placing the axis of another bevel wheel in the hand or driving wheel, so as to bo
carried round by it, this bevel wheel gearing with the fixed bevel' wheel, and also
with another bevel on the shaft to be driven, or on the axis of the land or driving
wheel, or it is attached to the boss of the wheel to be driven. Or by another modi-
fication, the fixed or stationary wheel is or may be a spur wheel, and the wheel or
wheels carried round by the band or driving wheel is or are spur wheels, one of
which gears with an internal toothed ring or wheel on the axis of the hand or
driving wheel, or an internal toothed wheel attached to or forming part of the
wheel to be driven. Or the fixed or stationary internal toothed ring or wheel is
attached to the framing of the machine or to the axis of the hand or driving wheel
The wheel driven thus receives increased speed, and in sewing machines where two
Paine 61

page_text: shafts are used, one above, the other below the table, this driven wheel is made to
gear with wheels on the said two shafts.
Secondly. Our improvements relate to the presser slide bar of sewing machines,
which it is important for some classes of work, should be capable of being
turned away from the needle, and yet when at work sewing, the presser slide bar
should be free from the least oscillatory movement on its axis, and the object of
our improvement is to remove any such oscillatory movement or play which may
arise from wear; and our Invention consists in making a projection from the presser
bar at its upper end which will fit a slot in the "block" or part in which it slides,
and in placing an adjusting screw in the part or block, so that its end will come
against the side of the projection from the presser slide bar and keep the other
side of the projection against the side of the said slot.
Thirdly. Our Invention relates to sewing machines intended for boot and shoe
making or repairing, but which may be used for other purposes, and the object of
our Invention is to reduce the arm of the machine and the parts it contains as
small as possible, but so that the shuttle carried by the arm will hold a proportion-
ately large supply of thread; and our Invention consists in forming the arm of
steel, and in making the shuttle fill nearly the entire circular cavity left in the arm
for the shuttle and its driver. The shuttle is not made to slide through the loop
formed in the needle thread as in the ordinary arrangement, but a hook tip is made
upon the shuttle which takes hold of and enlarges the loop in the needle thread
as the shuttle is partially rotated until the loop can pass over that part of the
shuttle opposite to its hook tip; then the loop is free from the hook tip, and a two-
armed lever acted upon by a spring draws up the slack thread. This two-armed
lever has its fulcrum on the needle slide, and one of its arms comes against a part
which acts and is acted upon by the pressure foot, and gives out more or
less slack thread for the shuttle, according to the varying thickness of the
material being sewn.
The spool for the shuttle is of the kind in which the axis of the spool when
in the shuttle and at work is parallel to the needle.
The shuttle receives oscillatory motion in the usual manner, but the toothed
rack does not gear directly with the pinion upon the axis of the shuttle driver, but
with another pinion on a stud, which pinion gears with the pinion on the shuttle
driver, but this arrangement of shuttle may be driven directly by the ordinary
means where the arm is large.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Thomas Chadwick and Thomas Sugden in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 17th September 1878.
THOMAS CHADWICK, Managing Director, and THOMAS SUGDEN, Foreman, of the
Firm of Bradbury and Company, Limited, of Wellington Works, Oldham, in the
County of Lancaster, Sewing Machine Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR
APPLICABLE TO SEWING MACHINES."
Firstly. Our Invention relates to arrangements and combinations of mechanism
for driving sewing machines, and is particularly applicable to sewing machines to
be rotated by hand, and its object is to increase the speed of rotation between
the hand or driving wheel and the shaft or parts to receive motion, and consists in
arranging a fixed or stationary internal spur wheel secured on the axis of the fly or
driving wheel which has a bearing in it for a short shaft having two spur wheels,
one of which gears with the internal wheel, and the other with a wheel loose on the
axis of the fly or driving wheel, which wheel or another attached to it drives the
shaft or shafts of the sewing machine. The internal toothed wheel or ring is or may
be attached to the framing of the machine, or the stationary wheel is or may be
an ordinary spur wheel, and the wheel or wheels carried round is mado to gear
with an internal spur wheel on the axis of the fly or driving wheel. The wheel
driven thus receives increased speed, and in sewing machines where two shafts are
used, one above, the other below the table, this driven wheel is made to gear with
wheels on the said two shafts.
Secondly. Our improvements relate to the pressure slide bar of sewing machines,
which it is important for some classes of work should be capable of being turned
away from the needle, and yet when at work sewing, the presser slide bar should
be free from the least oscillatory movement on its axis, and the object of our
improvement is to remove any such oscillatory movement "or play," which may
arise from wear; and our Invention consists in making a T projection from the
presser bar at its upper end, which will fit a slot in the block or part in which it
slides, the top or cross part of the T projection fitting close to the edge of the block,·
so that by slightly bending this part so as to keep it in contact with the edge of the
block all "play" will be obviated.
Thirdly. Our Invention relates to sewing machines intended for boot and shoo
making or repairing, but which may be used for other purposes, and the object of
our Invention is to reduce the arm of the machine and the parts it contains as small
as possible, but so that the shuttle carried by the arın will hold a proportionately
large supply of thread; and our Invention consists in forming the arm of steel or of
solid metal, and in making the shuttle fill nearly the entire circular cavity left in
the arm for the shuttle and its driver. The shuttle is not made to slide through the
loop formed in the needle thread, as in the ordinary arrangement, but a hook tip is
made upon the shuttle which take hold of and enlarges the loop in the needle
thread as the shuttle is partially rotated until the loop can pass over that part of
the shuttle opposite to its hook tip, then the loop is free from the hook tip, and a
two-armed lever acted upon by a spring or other ordinary arrangement draws up
the slack thread.
The spool for the shuttle is of the kind in which the axis of the spool when in the
shuttle and at work is parallel to the needle.
The shuttle receives oscillatory motion in the usual manner, but the toothed rack
does not gear directly with the pinion upon the axis of the shuttle driver, but with
another pinion on a stud, which pinion gears with the pinion on the shuttle driver;
or there may be two or more pinions between the toothed rack and the shuttle
driver, but this arrangement of shuttle may be driven directly by the ordinary
means where the_arm is large.

page_text: Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of part of a sewing machine illustrating one modi-
cation, and Fig. 2 is a similar elevation illustrating another modification of the first
part of our Invention.
a is the stud or pin secured in the frame b of the machine, and upon it the fly or
driving wheel c can rotate freely; in this wheel a short shaft d has bearings, upon
which there are two spur wheels secured, one d² gears with an internal toothed spur
wheel e on a disc which is secured so as to be stationary on the stud a, the other
wheel gears with a wheel secured to or forming part of a wheelf working loose
on the stud a, which is in gear with a wheel on the shaft or shafts g and h to be
driven.
In Fig. 2 there is one spur wheel d' on a short shaft & in bearings in the fly or
driving wheel c that gears with an internal toothed spur ring or wheel e secured to
the framing (b) of the machine, and this spur wheel (d'), or another attached to it,
gears with a wheel (f) working loose on the stud a, or with a wheel attached or
forming part of another wheel that goars with the wheels or the shaft or shafts g
and h to be driven.
Fig. 3 is a front elevation, and Fig. 4 a plan, illustrating the second part of our
Invention.
b is a block part of a sewing machine in which the needle bar (a) and presser
bar (c) slides; c is the usual handle for lifting and turning the presser bar when
required; is the usual projection from the presser slide bar c, which enters the
slot in the block b, but this projection is made in the T form, the part c³ fitting
close to the edge of the block so as to remove play, and by bending the two ends of
the part c close against the edge of the block b when necessary, all play is
removed.
Fig. 5 is a plan view of the arm with the cover plate turned to one side; Fig. 6.
a longitudinal section, and Fig. 7 a view of the under side of the arm, these views
and Figs. 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 illustrating the third part of our Invention.
a, the arm; it is made of metal with spaces cut out for the shuttle driver b, which
is on an axis in its bearings in the arm, upon which there is a toothed pinion b' in
gear with one b³ (or a larger wheel) on a stud in a plate 3 secured to the arm by a
screw, as shown. This pinion 62 is in gear with a toothed rack c, actuated in
the usual manner. d is the usual cover plate, hinged, as shown, to turn on
one side.
Fig. 8 is a plan, Fig. 9 an edge view, Fig. 10 an edge section, Fig. 11 a plan
section, and Fig. 12 an edge view, showing tension spring, these views illustrating
our improved shuttle.
e is the shuttle case; 1, its tip or hook, which takes hold of the loop of the needle
thread; 2 are holes or recesses on the edge of the shuttle into which the shuttle
driver enters; 3, the axis in the shuttlo case for the spool (f), the head of which
fits flush with the side of the shuttle case, as shown. There is a hole (4) in the
shuttle case, through which the spool can be pushed from its axis if required. The
thread passes from the spool through a hole (5) in the edge of the shuttle, round a
pin (6), under the tension spring (7), round another pin (8), and then through a hole
(9), in the side of the shuttle.
The action of our improved shuttle is different from the ordinary shuttle, as the
hook tip of our improved shuttle takes the loop of the needle thread and continually
extends it until it reaches the entire length of the shuttle, taking length to be a line
drawn from the tip to the opposite side of the shuttle across the axis of the spool,
and then the extended loop is drawn up by the action of the mechanism of the
machine, and slides over the shuttle.
This mode of constructing and working the shuttle is applicable when the arm is
large, and the shuttle driver is oscillated in the ordinary manner by a rack and one
pinion.
We have now particularly described the nature of our Invention and the mode of
carrying the same into effect, and claim as our Invention,―

page_text: Firstly. The combination of spur gearing, substantially as herein-before described,
and illustrated by the Drawings, for driving sewing machines.
Secondly. The part c³, Figs. 3 and 4, for taking away "play," as herein-before
described.
Thirdly. The combination and arrangement of shuttle with needle and shuttle
driving mechanism with one, two, or more pinions or wheels, substantially as herein-
before described, and illustrated by the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Chadwick, on behalf of myself and the
said Thomas Sugden, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Third day
of September, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-eight.
THOMAS CHADWICK. (L.S.)