Improvements in Steam Generators.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Aug., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 11th May, 1894-Accepted, 16th June, 1894
PROVIDIVAAL DUTIVATION
Improvements in Steam Generators.
I, JAMES YATE JOHNSON, of 47 Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (which has
been communicated to me from abroad by Jean Pierre Serve, of 17 Quai de
Cuire, Lyons (Rhone), in the Republic of France, Engineer,) to be as follows:-
This invention relates to means for causing the water to circulate rapidly and to
be brought into intimate contact with the sides of the tubes in multitubular steam
generators known as water tube boilers with a view to increasing the production of
steam and obviating the frequent accidents and especially the rapid wearing away
of the tubes resulting from the formation in the said tubes of steam spaces which
cause the metal to be occasionally exposed to the action of the furnace without
being cooled by contact with water.
The invention consists essentially in providing a direct supply of water to each
tube and compelling the water to enter the tube with sufficient speed and in a
suitable direction for producing the desired effect.
With this object a tube of relatively small diameter hereinafter referred to as a
circulating tube is provided in the centre of each water tube extending from one
end of the latter to the other. This circulating tube which is perforated with
holes or slots for the passage of the water is closed at its rear end and open at its
front end where it communicates with a chamber provided in front of the tube
sheet and into which the feed water is introduced. According to another arrange-
ment the water may be supplied to each tube by means of a nozzle communicating
with the chamber for the reception of the feed water the contracted opening of
the said nozzle being arranged in the centre of one end of the water tube.
As the quantity of water corresponding to the quantity of steam produced by
the generator is very frequently insufficient to cause the water to escape with
sufficient speed from the circulating tubes or nozzles a pump is employed to draw
water from the interior of the boiler and force it into the compartment or chamber
supplying the said circulating tubes. By these means the volume of water ejected
may be as large as required in order to provide mechanically the rapid circulation
of the liquid in the tubes.
The power required to drive the pump is not great the pump being simply
required to produce a rapid circulation of the water which is drawn from the
boiler and introduced into the circulating tubes provided in the centres of the
water tubes.
In carrying out the invention in practice a chamber divided into two compart-
ments is provided in front of the ends of the boiler tubes the said compartments
being formed by means of three parallel plates or sheets connected at their edges
or circumference by U shaped plates and connected together by stays which
impart to them the necessary rigidity. The water tubes are fixed in the rear
plate of this chamber, which forms an ordinary tube plate the circulating tubes or
nozzles are fixed in the middle or intermediate plate and the front plate is
perforated with openings forming hand holes being closed by suitable plugs or
covers and enabling the circulating tubes to be fixed in position and cleaned out
when required. At their rear ends the water tubes are preferably closed by plugs
or covers which simply require to be made of a square shape externally in order
.

page_text: to enable them when connected together to constitute the rear wall of the boiler
furnace.
The water tubes and the circulating tubes which they contain may be secured
in position in any suitable manner. The extremities of the water tubes are prefer-
ably of a slightly taper or conical shape and fit into corresponding openings
provided at one end in the front tube plate of the boiler chamber and at the other
end in the aforesaid covers the circulating tube being utilized for securing the
water tube in position by means of a nut and screw connected to the rear
end of the circulating tube and pressing against the cover closing the end of the
water tube but any other suitable arrangement may be employed for the same
purpose. When the water is applied to each tube by means of a nozzle projecting
for a limited distance into the said tube the-covers are secured by being screwed
directly onto the ends of the said tubes.
In some cases the rear end of the generator may be divided by a compartment
or water chamber communicating with the rear ends of the water tubes and which
may be formed by two parallel sheets-suitably stayed and connected at their edges
by a ring or belt of U shaped iron. This rear compartment or water chamber
may if preferred be constructed with cast steel in one piece and in like manner
the chamber with two compartments forming the front end of the boiler may be
'made of steel and in one or more pieces.
In order to facilitate cleaning the outside of the water tubes a certain number
of the stays connecting the three plates of the front chamber or head of the boiler.
are made hollow so as to enable steam at high pressure to be injected between
the tubes for the purpose of detaching the soot when required. At the lower part
of the water supply chamber a horizontal pipe or conduit is provided being
perforated with holes at its lower side for the purpose of enabling the mud or
deposit accumulating at this part to be expelled.
The steam chamber is formed by a cylinder arranged horizontally above the
boiler into which the steam generated is conducted through tubes communicating
with the upper part or front end of the generator.
In some cases it may not be necessary to provide all the water tubes of the
generator with circulating tubes or nozzles as hereinbefore described the said
tubes or nozzles being chiefly required in the lower tubes which are more exposed
to the direct action of the flame_and_heat of the furnace.
Dated this 12th day of August 1902
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Steam Generators.
I, JAMES YATE JOHNSON, of 47 Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (which has
been communicated to me from abroad by Jean Pierre Serve of 17 Quai de Cuire,
Lyons (Rhone) in the Republic of France, Engineer) and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to means for causing the water to circulate rapidly and
to be brought into intimate contact with the sides of the tubes in multitubular
steam generators known as water tube boilers with a view to increasing the pro-
duction of steam and obviating the frequent accidents and especially the rapid
wearing away of the tubes resulting from the formation in the said tubes of steam
spaces which cause the metal to be occasionally exposed to the action of the furnace
without being cooled by contact with water.

page_text: The invention consists essentially in providing a direct supply of water to each
tube and compelling. the water to enter the tube with sufficient speed, and in a
suitable direction for producing the desired effect.
With this object a tube of relatively small diameter. hereinafter referred to as a
circulating tube is provided in the centre of each water. tube extending from one
end of the latter to the other. This circulating. tube, which. is perforated with
holes or slots for the passage of the water. is closed at its rear end. 'and open at its.
front end where it communicates with a chamber provided in front of the tube
sheet and into which the feed water is introduced. According to another arrange-
ment the water may be supplied to each tube by means of a nozzle communicating
with the chamber for the reception of the feed water the contracted opening of the
said nozzle-being arranged in the centre of one end of the water tube.
As the quantity of water corresponding to the quantity. of steam produced by
the generator is very frequently insufficient to cause the water. to escape. with
sufficient speed from the circulating tubes or nozzles a pump is employed to draw
water from the interior of the boiler and force it into the compartment or chamber
supplying the said circulating tubes. By these means the volume of water. ejected
may be as large as required in order to provide mechanically the rapid circulation
of the liquid in the tubes.
The power required to drive the pump is not great the pump being simply
required to produce a rapid circulation of the water which is drawn from the
boiler and introduced into the circulating tubes provided in the centres of the
water tubes.
And in order that the said invention may be fully understood I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose'shall refer to ·
the several figures on the annexed sheet of drawings in which―
Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of a steam generator constructed
according to this invention,
Figure 2 is a front view partly in section and Figure 3 is a back view of a
portion of the generator,
Figure 4 shews in vertical longitudinal section a modification of the generator
and Figure 5 is a front view thereof partly in section.
Referring more particularly to Figures 1, 2 and 3 in carrying out the invention
in practice a chamber divided into two compartments A B'is provided in front of
the ends of the boiler tubes the said compartments being formed by means of three
parallel plates or sheets CDE connected at their edges or circumference by
U shaped plates and connected together by stays F which impart to them the
necessary rigidity. The water tubes a are fixed in the rear plate E of this
chamber which forms an ordinary tube plate, circulating tubes 6 or nozzles i are
fixed in the middle or intermediate plate D by means of washers ; and the front
plate C is perforated with openings forming hand holes being closed by suitable
plugs or covers g and enabling the circulating tubes to be fixed in position and
cleaned out when required. At their rear ends the water tubes a are preferably
closed by plugs or covers H which simply require to be made of a square shape
externally in order to enable them when connected together to constitute the rear
wall of the boiler furnace.
The water tubes a and the circulating tubes 6 which they contain may be
secured in position in any suitable manner. The extremities of the water tubes a
are preferably of a slightly taper or conical shape and fit into corresponding
openings provided at one end in the front tube plate E of the boiler chamber and
at the other end in the aforesaid covers H, the circulating tubes 6 being utilized
for securing the water tubes in position by means of a nut and screw & connected
to the rear end of the circulating tube b and pressing against the cover H closing
the end of the water tube but any other suitable arrangement may be employed
for the same purpose.
When the water is supplied to each tube by means of a
nozzle i projecting for a limited distance into the said tube the covers H-are secured
by being screwed directly onto the ends of the said tubes as at H¹, Fig. 1.

page_text: In order to facilitate cleaning the outside of the water tubes a a certain number
of the stays F connecting the three plates of the front chamber or head of the
boiler are made hollow as at F¹ so as to enable steam at high pressure to be injected.
between the tubes for the purpose of detaching the soot when required. At the
lower part of the water supply chamber A a horizontal pipe or conduit K is
provided being perforated with holes at its lower side for the purpose of enabling
the mud or deposit accumulating at this part to be expelled.
The steam chamber is formed by a cylinder M arranged horizontally above the
boiler into which the steam generated is conducted through tubes m communicating
with the upper part or front end of the generator.
•
In the modification shewn in Figures 4 and 5 the two compartments A and B at
the front part of the boiler may be made of a single piece of metal, preferably
cast steel being formed by means of three parallel parts constituting plates or
sheets CDE and arranged as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 1
and 2. A rear chamber N may also be employed with this modification into the
inner wall of which are fitted the tubes a and b by means of screw washers!
(Figure 4), and the outer wall of the said chamber Ń is perforated with openings
closed by suitable plugs or covers gl. In this case slots or hollows P are formed
in the front part of the boiler for cleaning the outside of the tubes a; the boiler
may be placed horizontally and has tubes m³ for conducting the steam from the
upper ends thereof to a steam chamber as at M, Fig. 1.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a steam generator, the injection or introduction under pressure into some
or all of the water tubes of a sufficient supply of water to provide mechanically
rapid circulation in the said tubes, the water being supplied by the feed apparatus
and a pump in the desired quantity substantially as and for the purposes herein-
before described.
2. A steam generator having a front chamber divided into two compartments A
and B formed by means of plates CDE, the rear plate E of the said chamber
forming a tube plate for the water tubes a, the intermediate plate. D taking the
circulation tubes b or nozzles i and the front plate C having plugs-or covers.g
substantially as herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
3. A steam generator having a front chamber divided into two compartments A
and B and a rear wall formed by the connecting together of square or rectangular
plugs H constituting covers for the water tubes a and supports for the circulating
tubes 6 substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
4. A steam generator having a front chamber divided into two compartments A
and B and at its rear end a chamber N of which the inner wall provides covers
for the water tubes and supports for the circulating tubes and the outer wall is
fitted with plugs or covers g substantially as hereinbefore described with reference
to the accompanying drawings.
5. A steam generator having a front chamber divided into two compartments A
and B formed by means of plates CDE of sheet iron or other suitable material
connected together by hollow stays for facilitating the cleansing of the outside of
the water tubes substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the
accompanying drawings.
6. A steam generator having a front chamber divided into two compartments A
and B made of a single piece of metal preferably cast steel with slots or hollows P
for facilitating the cleansing of the outside of the water tubes substantially as
hereinbefore described.
7. A steam generator having a front chamber divided into two compartments A
and B the upper part of the said chamber communicating with a steam cylinder

page_text: as M arranged above the generator and the lower part of the said chamber having
a perforated pipe or conduit K for enabling the mud or deposit accumulating to be
expelled substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying.
drawings.
Dated this 11th day of M.- 1904
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
Agents.