IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES AND BUCKETS FOR PUMPS, AND IN VALVES OR COCKS FOE OTHER USES."
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Cooper, of Town Malling, in the County of
Kent, Plumber, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES AND
BUCKETS FOR PUMPS, AND IN VALVES OR COCKS FOE OTHER USES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Cooper at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
August 1862.
I, JOHN COOPER, of Town Malling, in the County of Kent, Plumber,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
VALVES AND BUCKETS FOR PUNTS, AND IN VALVES OR COCKS FOR OTHER USES," to
be as follows:-
-My Invention, with reference to valves for pumps, consists in the construction
of the suction valve in one piece of metal, with a circular groove, in which is
inserted an elastic ring of vulcanized india-rubber or other suitable elastic
material in combination with a seating for the valve, forming an angle of about
forty-five degrees with the side of the barrel. By this arrangement the valve
is made to close by the resting of the elastic ring on the angular seating.
My- Invention, with reference to buckets for pumps, consists in forming the
ordinary leather packing of the bucket by binding a strip of leather round the
metal-and securing it. by pins passed through holes in the metal, the points or
Painei

page_text: inner ends of such pins being turned down after insertion, and the leather being
bevilled so as to keep the heads of the nails within the circumference of the
leather packing, and this arrangement is in substitution for the ordinary mode
of "cupping" the leather and applying it to the metal by screws. And my
Invention, with reference to valves or cocks for other uses, consists in the
combination of the valve and seating above referred to, and in fixing the same
in the tap so that the pressure of the fluid at the inlet shall have a tendency
to close the valve against the seating, the valve being opened from the seating
by means of a screw or a ball lever. The form of the valve and mode of
applying it may be varied in other respects.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Cooper in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th February 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
COOPER, of Town Malling, in the County of Kent, Plumber, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of August, in the year, of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
the said John Cooper, Her especial license that I, the said
John Cooper, my exccutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said John Cooper, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES AND BUCKETS FOR PUMPS, AND IN VALVES OR COCKS
FOR OTHER USES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John
Cooper, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Cooper, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following

page_text: statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to
the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
My Invention of "Improvements in Valves and Buckets for Pumps, and in
Valves or Cocks for other Uses," consists, with reference to valves for pumps
in the construction of the suction valve in one piece of metal with a circular
groove, in which is inserted an elastic ring of vulcanized india-rubber or other
suitable elastic material in combination with a seating for the valve, forming
an angle of about forty-five degrees with the side of the barrel.
arrangement the valve is made to close by the resting of the elastic ring on the
angular seating.
By the
My Invention, with reference to buckets for pumps, consists in forming the
ordinary leather packing of the bucket by- binding a strip of leather round the
metal and securing it by pins passed through holes in the metal, the points or
inner ends of such pins being turned down after insertion, and the leather being
bevilled so as to keep the heads of the nails within the circumference of the
leather packing. And this arrangement is in substitution for the ordinary
mode of "cupping" the leather and applying it to the metal by screws. And
my Invention, with reference to valves or cocks for other uses, consists in the
combination of the valve and seating above referred to, and in fixing the same
in the tap so that the pressure of the fluid at the inlet shall have a tendency
to close the valve against the seating, the valve being open from the seating by
means of a screw or a ball lever. The form of the valve and mode of
applying it may be varied in other respects.
Having thus stated the nature of the said Invention, I will proceed to
describe more particularly in what manner the same is to be performed by
reference to the accompanying Drawings, in which are represented several
modes of applying the Invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a vertical section of a pump bucket, and valve shewing my
improvements in both; Fig. 2 is a transverse vertical section; and Fig. 3 is
a plan or horizontal view of the same shewing a section of the bow or arms in
dotted lines. In these and the several other Figures herein-after referred to
the same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.
A is the valve in one piece of metal, with a groove round it, as shewn, in
which is inserted the ring of india-rubber or other suitable elastic material
This ring is
B, resting on the inclined seating. C, turning on a hinge D.
shewn in the several Figures as circular in the cross section, but it may be
otherwise formed. In Fig. 3 is shewn at E a stop for the valve for the

page_text: purpose of checking the fall thereof at the required point in order to avoid the
cutting of the elastic ring. This will only be required in cases wherein 'very
heavy pressures are brought upon the valve; F is the leather packing for the
bucket formed by binding a strip of leather round the metal. This packing
is secured to the bucket by means of brass or other pins, with the points or
inner ends thereof turned as shewn. It will also be seen that the leather is
bevilled so as to keep the heads of the pins within the circumference thereof.
Fig. 4 is a vertical section through part of barrel, valve-seat, valve, and part
of suction pipe of a pump specially adapted for deep wells, the valve being
so constructed as to obviate the necessity of descending the well in order to
repair it. The valve seat C is coloured to represent brass, of which it may be
composed, if necessary; and being made so as to form an angle of forty-five
degrees, or thereabouts, as shewn, sand or other deposit will not be liable to
rest upon it. Also the elastic ring B being circular in section, as shewn, a
very small space will be covered by the same resting on the inclined seat.
Fig. 5 is a horizontal section through the suction pipe and valve guide, shewing
that but a small portion of the area of the pipe is taken up by the guide; Fig. 6
represents a hinge jointed valve applied to a force pump. In this case the
whole area of the pipe is opened by the lifting of the valve, the seat being inclined,
as in the former instance, with the advantage mentioned with reference thereto.
Fig. 7 is a plan or horizontal view of the same, the elastic ring being shewn
by dotted lines. This valve is adapted for use either as a delivery or a suction
valve; Fig. 8 represents my improved valves adapted and applied to a double
action force pump or fire engine. In this case also the valves have hinged
joints. A, A, are the valves in connection with the suction pipe, and A*, A*,
are those in connection with the delivery pipe. The suction and delivery
pipes are both shewn by dotted lines. The top of the valve chamber is shewn
as left open in order to admit of an air vessel being fixed if necessary, or it
could be closed, if required, by means of a cover bolted to its side flanges.
Fig. 1, Sheet 2, is a longitudinal section of a bib valve tap or cock, with
a valve and inclined seat the same as those herein-before described. It will
be seen on reference to the Drawing that when the T head of the tap is
turned round in order to unscrew the same, the spindle of the valve being
guided by the feathers thereon fitting the grooves shewn in section at Fig. 2,
the valve will be opened from its seat against the flow or current of the fluid;
and upon the reverse action of the screw, the valve or elastic ring will be
brought upon or against. the seat and close the opening. And as the pressure
of the fluid is upon or against the valve, it will have a tendency to keep it
closed and to relieve the screw from the strain to which it is ordinarily exposed.

page_text: 6
Fig. 3 is a cross section through the boss shewing stops to prevent the valve
from being opened too far; Fig. 4 is a longitudinal vertical section of a stop
valve tap similar to the bib tap last described, the only alteration being in the
adaptation shewn, so that the same description applies in this case; Figs. 5 and
6 are cross sections shewing different modes of guiding the valve spindle;
Fig. 7 represents an equilibrium ball valve. In this case, when the valve is
lifted by the lowering of the ball lever, the upper part round which the packing
is fixed will be forced upwards and cause the air to be compressed in the
space above it, but the air is allowed to escape through the passage G in the
spindle; Fig. 8 is a horizontal section in the line E, E, shewing the ball
lever H and the screw or fulcrum on which it acts; Fig. 9 represents a ball
float and part of this lever detached; Fig. 10 represents a single acting ball
valve adapted for use in cases wherein the pressure is not more than that duc
to fifty feet head of water or fluid above the valve; Fig. 11 is a section
through the tube and valve guide; Fig. 12 represents detached a ball float
for opening and closing the same; Fig. 13 represents my improved valve
The general
applied to a beer engine, of which I is a part of the barrel.
description of the valve applies also to this use of it; Fig. 14 shews the valve
guide in the suction pipe; Fig. 15 represents my improved valve adapted and
applied to the cistern of a water-closet in substitution for the ordinary plain
leather valves, by which the ordinary irregularity of action of the valve is
obviated; K is the lead weight fixed on the top of the valve; Fig. 16 represents
my improved valve adapted and applied to the pan or basin of a water-closet.
The apparatus for working the valve (a portion of which is shewn by dotted
lines) is the same as usual, the only change being in the valve itself. Whereas
usually there is a flat ring of elastic material inserted in the valve seat under
my Invention; the elastic material is in the form of a ring inserted in a circular
groove made in the valve itself, which shuts or rests against an inclined seat,
as shewn.
I would here remark that both in this and the foregoing constructions of
valves the openings will be closed as required, although the valve may not be
And this constitutes an
perfectly plain or level with the line of its seat.
important feature of my Invention, whereby valves constructed according to
it are distinguished from those of the ordinary construction.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I hereby declare that what I claim as of my
Invention is,-
First, the construction and use of suction valves for pumps composed of one

page_text: piece of metal with a groove, in which is inserted a ring of elastic material
combined with an inclined valve seat as herein-before described.
Secondly, the mode herein-before described of forming the leather packing
of the buckets of pumps.
And, lastly, the construction and use of valves or cocks with the elastic ring
combined, with an inclined valve seat, and adapted and applied to various uses,
as herein-before described.
In witness whercof, I, the said John Cooper, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Thirteenth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
Witness,
WILLIAM SPENCE,
50, Chancery Lane,
Patent Agent.
JOHN COOPER. (L.S.)