AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR THE CONTINUOUS DISTILLATION, BOILING, SAPONIFI- CATION, AND ACIDIFICATION OF FATS. OILS. GLYCERINE ROSINS AND PROAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Carl Maria Pielsticker, of No. 5 Sydney Terrace,
Kilburn, London, in the County of Middlesex, for an invention of "AN
IMPROVED METHOD FOR THE CONTINUOUS DISTILLATION, BOILING, SAPONIFI-
CATION, AND ACIDIFICATION OF FATS. OILS. GLYCERINE ROSINS
AND
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Carl Maria Pielsticker at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th April 1882.
CARL MARIA PIELSTICKER of No. 5 Sydney Terrace, Kilburn, London, in
the County of Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR THE CONTINUOUS
DISTILLATION, BOILING, SAPONIFICATION AND ACIDIFICATION OF FATS, OILS,
GLYCERINE, ROSINS AND HYDRO-CARBONS AND IMPROVED APPARATUS IN CONNECTION
THEREWITH."
My invention relates:-Firstly to a continuous distillation of Fats, Oils,
Glycerine, Rosins and Hydro-carbons by forcing an intimate mixture of Fats,
Oils, Glycerine, Rosin or Hydro-carbons and Steain by means of an "Injector
through a coil, pipes or retort connected with a condenser and kept at the
distilling point of the Fat, Oil, Glycerine, Rosin or Hydro-carbon under
treatment.
Secondly: To a continuous boiling of Linseed Oil and other oils by forcing an
intimate mixture of Linseed Oil or other oils with steam, and air, by means of an
"Injector" through a coil into a boiler kept at a temperature a little below the
distilling point of the Oil.
<
Thirdly-To a continuous saponification and acidification of Fats and oils for
the production of Fatty acids and Glycerine by forcing, by means of an
Injector," an intimate mixture of Fat or Oil and Alkaline solution, or of
Sulphuric Acid instead of the Alkaline solution, through a coil, pipe or Retort,
kept at an elevated temperature.
Fourthly-the continuous saponification of Fats and Oils for the production of
soap, by forcing, by means of an "Injector," an intimate mixture of Fat or Oil

page_text: and Alkaline solution in such proportion as to form a neutral Soap, through a
heated coil or pipe into a closed Boiler.
I propose to carry out my invention by employing an apparatus, hereinafter
called tho "Injector" consisting of an iron or copper pipe, say about 24 inches
long and 2 inches diameter contracted near its outlet to one half its diameter
and widening again at the mouth; another pipo about ½ of an, inch in diameter
is connected with a Steam superheater, contracted near its outlet and widening
again at the mouth and entering into the first mentioned pipe at the back to the
extent of say 12 inches, a third pipe, about 11/, inch diameter and connected with
a tank containing liquid Fat or Uil or Hydro-carbons onters the first pipe at
a point about one half its length. Another similar pipe parallel to the last
inentioned pipe may lead to a tank containing either an alkaline solution or acid.
The second and third pipes are supplied with stop Cocks in order to regulate the
flow of steam or Fat eto. I may use other forms of "Injector," by which a spray
of Fat etc. by means of a steam jet is produced for the purposes of my process and
I do not confine myself to the above described form of "Injector" only. A metal
by preference copper coil say about, inch of diameter and not less than from 30
to 40 feet long is connected with this "Injector," enters a horizontal retort of
Copper or Iron of about 10 to 15 inches in diameter and from 10 to 15 feet long.
and divided by partitions in such a way, that steam and vapours introduced at the
outlet of the coil are obliged to circulate forward and backwards inside the retort.
These partitions are by preference corrugated and carry a number of Baffle Plates.
At the back of the retort is a door for cleaning out.
The retort has an outlet on the top connected with a condensor.
An iron jacket passes around the retort and coil, separating the retort from the
coil by means of a partition wall. A steam pipe leads from a superheater and
admits steam inside the jacket to heat the retort; the steam then passes into the
jacket round the coil and is finally permitted to escape. The whole of the coil,
retort and jacket is finally well enclosed in brick work.
In working my process I first heat the "Injector" the coil and the retort by:
admitting superheated steam to the "Injector" and also inside the jacket around
the retort and coil care being taken the temperature of the coil a little below
that of the retort. As soon as a temperature has been obtained, at which the
Fats etc. distill over, which differs according to the nature and composition of
the Fat, Oil, Glycerine, Rosin or Hydro-carbon, I admit the liquid Fat clc. into the
"Injector" in preference in a heated state. The Fat etc. is impinged upon inside
the "Injector" by the steam and an intimato mixture of Steam and Fat etc. in a
state of minute division is blown through the coil into the retort. The Fat etc.
attaining a distilling temperature inside the coil is at once vaporized inside the
retort and condensed on its passage through the condensor.
The products of distillation whether from Animal, Vegetable or Mineral Oils or
Fats, Rosin, Paralline or Ozokerit; are further heated in the ordinary way.
As some of the special advantages of this process I will mention :-The
operation being continuous and without interruption practically as long as may
be desired, a minimum of Plant is required. The Fats etc. being atomized by tlio
steam present an immensely extended surface, distillation therefor taking place
with the greatest possible rapidity and at a lower temperature. Only small
quantities of Fat etc. being at any one time under the influence of heat and then
only for the very shortest possible-time, the products of distillation are of a better
colour, an Acrolein is formed and the yield is larger.
The Fats etc. before admission into the “Injector” may previously have been
bented with acid. Glycerin is distilled in the same manner by moans of tho
"Injector" coil and retort.
The coil and retort may be heated by direct fire instead of by storm.
In case the Retortor, the passages in the Retort are long enough to hent the
Fat etc. up to distilling point in their passage through them, the coil may be done
away with and the mouth of the "Injector" enter direct into the Retort.

page_text: Instead of a horizontal Retort, a vertical Retort, Boiler or still with a series of
Baffle plates inside may be used. Linseed Oil and other Oils are boiled in a
continuous way by means of the "Injector" coil and open Boiler keeping the
temperature below the distilling point and allowing air to be sucked up by the
steain in the "Injector" by having a number of small holes in the "Injector" just
behind the inlet of the supply pipe of the material to be distilled.
"
»
When the Fats or oils to be operated upon for the production of fatty acids and
glycerine are of Animal or Vegetable origin, and are to be treated by the
saponification process, I bring them previous to their admixture in the "Injector
in a state of emulsion with about 25 to 30 per cent of weak lime water or other,
weak caustic alkaline solution, or I allow the alkaline solution to enter the
Injector" by a separate pipe, and find that a quantity of from three to six per
cent of Alkali in proportion to the fat or Oil is already sufficient; the temperature
of the steam coil and Retort, Boiler or other receptacle being maintained at about
200 to 225 "Centigrade." In this case actual distillation does not take place but
the saponified Fatty acids and Glycerine will collect inside the retort, from which
they may be drawn off at the bottom by means of a cock. Instead of a Retort,
a Boiler or any other similar receptacle, furnished with an outlet or condenser will
answer the purpose. When the Boiler is sufficiently filled the supply of Fat or
Alkali is shut off from the "Injector" and the steam from the "Injector
continued until a sample shows that no more neutral fats are present.
Instead of an Alkaline Emulsion a mixture of Fat or Oil, with concentrated
sulphuric acid, of from three to six per cent of acid, may be passed through the
"Injector" and coil into the Retort, or similar Receptacle, at a temperature of
about 150° "Centigrade" and all the apparatus is made of or lined with a
non-corroding material such as lead, or Earthenware. The acidified fat or oil is
then boiled for some time with water. The Alkali or the acid is then neutralized
and the Fatty acids and Glycerine further treated in the usual manner.
"
"
When the manufacture of Soap is intended by my continuous process, I bring
the Fats or Oils before their admission into the "Injector " already into a state of
emulsion, with the correct proportion of Alkaline solution to form a neutral soap;
the alkaline solution being preferably of a strength of from 30 to 36 "Beaumé ;
or I allow the Alkaline solution to enter the " Injector separately. The
temperature of the steam and of the coil need not exceed from 160 to 180
"Centigrade." The outlet of the coil enters in this case into a closed Boiler or
receptacle near to the bottom, surrounded by a Steam Jacket, and having an outlet
at the top. The alkaline mixture of Fat or Oil is constantly ejected into the
Boiler, kept in a State of Agitation and the Soap boiled up in a very short time.
When the Boiler is sufficiently filled, the admission of alkaline and Fat or Oil into
the "Injector" as well as the steam is then stopped; if required a quantity of hot
water may be added to the contents of the boiler and steam is then admitted to
the jacket, and continued until the soap is finished.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Carl Maria Pielsticker in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
Gth October 1882.
CARL MARIA PIELSTICKER of 5 Sydney Terrace Kilburn London in the County
of Middlesex AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR THE CONTINUOUS DISTILLATION,
BOILING, SAPONIFICATION AND ACIDIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, GLYCERINE, ROSINS
AND HYDRO-CARBONS, AND IMPROVED APPARATUS IN CONNECTION THEREWITH
"
My invention relates to an improved method for the continuous distillation,
boiling, saponification, and acidification of Fats, Oils, Glycerine, Rosins and
bydro-carbons; and approved apparatus in connection therewith.
"
In carrying out my invention, I employ an apparatus hereinafter called the
"Injector" consisting of an iron or copper pipe A say about 24 inches long and
2 inches diameter contracted near its outlet to one half its diameter and widening
again at the mouth; another pipe B, about 3, of an inch in diameter is connected
with a steam super heater, contracted near its outlet and widening again at the
mouth and entering into the first mentioned pipe at the back to the extent of say
12 inches; a third pipe C, about 1% inch diameter and connected with a tank T,
containing liquid fat or oil or hydrocarbons enters the pipe A. at right angles at a
point about one half its length. The tank T, must be placed sufficiently high, so
as to permit the oil etcetera to enter the injector with some pressure, or a force
pump may be inserted between the tank T and the injector. Another similar
pipe D parallel to the pipe C, may lead to a tank containing either an alkalinė
solution or acid-The pipes B and C and D are supplied with stop cocks in order
to regulate the flow of steain or fat etcetera. I may use other forms of "Injector
by which a spray of fat etcetera by means of a steam jet is produced for the purposes
of my process and I do not confine myself to the above described form of "Injector
only. A metal coil E by preference of copper say about 1/, inch diameter and not
less than from 50 to 60 feet long is connected with the "Injector" and enters a
horizontal retort G of copper or iron of say about 24 inches wide by 20 inches in
height and from 12 to 15 feet long and divided by partitions in such a way that
steam and vapours introduced at the outlet of the coil are obliged to circulate
forward and backwards inside the retort. The inside of the retort is by preference
filled with coarse pieces of coke or brick, in order to present a larger heating
At the back of the
surfaco and to retard the passage of oil etcetera and the steam.
retort is a door H for cleaning and the retort lins an outlet over the top and
connected with a condenser. The whole of the coil and retort is enclosed in a
furnace having the fire placed at the back of and under the retort. G.
"
In working my process I first heat the "Injector" the coil and the retort by
admitting superheated steam to the "Injector" and also by starting a fire under
the retort and coil. As soon as a temperature has been obtained at which the fats
etcetera distill over, which differs according to the nature and composition of the
fat, oil, glycerine, rosin or hydrocarbon. I admit the liquid fat ctcetera into the
Injector" in preference in a heated state. The fat etcetera is impinged upon
inside the "Injector" by the steam and an intimate mixture of steam and fat etcetera
in a state of minute division is blown through the coil into the retort. The
fat ctcetera attaining a distilling temperature inside the coil is at once vaporised.
inside the retort and condensed on its passage through the condensor.
"
The products of distillation whether from animal, vegetable, or mineral oils, or
fats, rosin paraffin, or Ozokerit, are further treated in the ordinary way.
When the production of illuminating gas from hydro carbon oils is intended, the
temperature of the coil or retort is raised sufficiently high to produce permanent

page_text: gases and to cause the decomposition of the steam by the latter coming in contact
with the incandescent coke inside the retort. In addition to the condenser the
usual gas purifiers will in this case be attached.
As some of the special advantages of this process I will mention:-The operation
being continuous and without interruption practically as long as may be desired a
minimum of plant is required. The fats etcetera being atomised by the steam
present an immensely extended surface; distillation therefore taking place with
the greatest possible rapidity and at a lower temperature. Only small quantities
of fat etcetera being at any one time under the influence of heat and then only for
the very shortest possible time the products of distillation are of a better color, no
acralein is formed and the yield is larger.
The fats etcetera before admission into the "Injector" may previously have been
treated with acid.
Glycerine is distilled in the same manner by means of the "Injector," coil, and
retort.
The coil and retort may be heated by means of a steam jacket around the coil
and retort.
In case the retort, or the passages in the retort, are long enough to heat the fut
etcetera up to distilling point in their passage through them, the coil may be done
away with and the mouth of the "Injector" enter direct into the retort.
Instead of a horizontal retort, a, vertical retort, boiler, or still with a series of
Baffle plates inside may be used.
f
Linseed oil and other oils are boiled in a continuous way by means of the
Injector" coil and an open boiler, keeping the temperature below the distilling
point and allowing air to be sucked up by the steam in the "Injector" by having
a number of small holes in the "Injector" just behind the inlet of the supply pipe
of the materials to be treated.
When the fats or oils to be operated upon for the production of fatty acids and
glycerine are of animal or vegetable origin and are to be treated by the saponifica-
tion process, I bring them previous to their admission in the "Injector" in a state
of emulsion with about 25 to 30 per cent of weak lime water or other weak caustic
alkaline solution, or I allow the alkaline solution to enter the "Injector "in every
instance in a heated state by a separate pipe and find that a quantity of from
four to six per cent of alkali in proportion to the fat or oil is already sufficient ;
the temperature of the steam coil and retort, boiler or other receptacle, being
maintained at about 200 centigrade.
In this case actual distillation does not take place, but the saponified fatty acids
and glycerine will collect inside the retort, from which they may be drawn off at
the bottom by means of a cock..
Instead of a retort a boiler or any other similar receptacle furnished with an
outlet or condenser will answer the purpose. When the boiler is sufficiently filled
the supply of fat or alkali is shut off from the Injector and the steam from the
Injector continued until a sample shews that no more neutral fats are present.
Instead of an alkaline emulsion a mixture of fat or oil with concentrated
sulphuric acid of from 3 to 6 of acid, may be passed through the "Injector" and
coil into the retort or similar receptacle at a temperature of about 150 centigrade
or weaker acid at a higher temperature and all the apparatus is made of or lined
with a non corroding material such as lead or earthenware. The acidified fat or
oil is then boiled for some time with water. The alkali in the former case or the
acid in the latter case is then neutralized and the fatty acids and glycerine further
heated in the usual manner.
When the manufacture of soap is intended by my continuous process, I bring the
fats or oils, before their admission into the "Injector," already into a state of
emulsion with the correct proportion of alkaline solution to form a neutral soap,
the alkaline solution being preferably of a strength of from 30 to 36 "Beaume," or
I allow the alkaline solution to enter the "Injector" separately.
The temperature of the steam and of the coil need not exceed 180 centigrade. The

page_text: outlet of the coil enters in this case into a closed boiler or receptacle, near to the
bottom, surrounded by a steam jacket and having an outlet at the top. The
alkaline mixture of fat or oil is constantly injected into the boiler kept in a state
of agitation and the soap boiled up in a very short time. When the boiler is
sufficiently filled the admission of alkali and, fat or oil into the "Injector" as well
n the steam is then stopped; if required, a quantity of hot water may be added to
the contents of the boiler and steam is then admitted to the jacket and continued
until the soap is finished.
Having now described and ascertained the nature of my said invention and in
what manner the same is or may be performed.
:-
I claim as secured to me by the herein before in part recited Letters Patent
Firstly The continuous distillation of fats, oils, glycerine, rosins, and hydro-
carbons by forcing an intimate mixture of fats, oils, glycerine, rosin, or hydro-
carbons and steam through a coil, pipes or retort connected with a condenser and
kept at the distilling point of the fat, oil, glycerine, rosin, or hydrocarbon under
treatment, substantially as herein before described.
Secondly-The continuous production of illuminating and heating gas by forcing
an intimate mixture of steam and hydrocarbons through a coil and retort, the latter
filled with coke in a state of incandescence, as specified.
Thirdly-The continuous boiling of linseed oil, and other oils, by forcing an
intimate mixture of linseed oil, or other oils, with steam and air through a coil into
a boiler kept at a temperature a little below the distilling point of the oil,
substantially as herein before described.
Fourthly The continuous saponification and acidification of fats and oils for
the production of fatty acids and glycerine, by forcing an intimate mixture of fat
or oil and alkaline solution, or of sulphuric acid instead of the alkaline solution,
through a coil; pipe, or retort kept at an elevated temperature, substantially as
hereinbefore described.
Fifthly The continuous saponification of fats and oils for the production of
soap, by forcing an intimate mixture of steam fat or oil and alkaline solution, in
such proportion as to form a neutral soap, through a heated coil or pipe into a
closed boiler, substantially as hereinbefore described.
LastlyThe combination of apparatus substantially as hereinbefore described
and shewn on the accompanying Sheet of Drawing, for the purposes set forth.
In witness whereof I the said Carl Maria Pielsticker have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Fifth day of October in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
Π 14
AMIA INT ת'ז