A NEW OR IMPROVED. METHOD OF AND APPARATUS. FOR HEATING INSTRUMENTS OR IRONS FOR CURLING,. WAVING, AND FRIZZLING, HAIR, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES TO WHICH HEATED INSTRUMENTS. OR IRONS ARE APPLICABLE
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Louis Gachin,. of Hatton Garden, in the County of
Middlesex, Hair Merchant, for the Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED.
METHOD OF AND APPARATUS. FOR HEATING INSTRUMENTS OR IRONS FOR CURLING,.
WAVING, AND FRIZZLING, HAIR, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES TO WHICH HEATED
INSTRUMENTS. OR IRONS ARE APPLICABLE."-A communication from abroad.
by Hippolyte Gillot, of Paris, France..
Sealed the 2nd March 1866, and dated the 6th September. 1865..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Louis Gachin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th September
1865.
I, LOUIS GACHIN, of Hatton Garden, in the County of Middlesex, Hair
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR
IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR HEATING INSTRUMENTS OR IRONS FOR
CURLING, WAVING, AND FRIZZLING HAIR, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES TO WHICH HEATED
INSTRUMENTS OR IRONS ARE APPLICABLE," (communicated to me from abroad by
Hippolyte Gillot, of Paris, France,) to be as follows:-
The method heretofore adopted for heating apparatus or instruments
commonly known as irons for waving, curling, and frizzling hair, and for such

page_text: other purposes as heated irons are used, such as irons for ironing, have been
heated in such manner that the heat has never been maintained at an even
temperature. Now the object of this Invention is to maintain the iron or
instrument while in use at one and the same temperature, or as nearly so as
may be, and that at 212° Fahrenheit; by this means hair, for example, is
treated evenly throughout, and not discolored or injured, as is often the case
when apparatus or instruments of the ordinary construction heated in the
ordinary manner are used.
I will describe the Invention as particularly applicable to irons for waving,
curling, and frizzling hair. I use hollow metal boxes formed by preference,
when placed together, as nearly as may be spherical, the shape however of
the boxes may be varied. Each box carries a hollow metal handle for inser-
tion in the ordinary metal or other handles, for opening and closing the boxes.
At the top of the boxes a small aperture is formed, leading to the interior
thereof. One half of each side of each box is destined to receive water, and
the other half of each side contains a spiral tube, the ends of which enter the
water compartments, and through which steam generated as hereafter described
is free to escape. Now to use the apparatus I introduce water into the boxes
through by preference the hollow metal handles, or by any other suitable aper-
ture, and I place the iron on the fire or over gas; so soon as the temperature
is raised to 212° Fahrenheit steam escapes by the apertures at the top of the
instrument, but which has first circulated through the spiral tube. While in
this state I remove the apparatus from the fire or gas, when it is ready for
. use, without fear of the temperature being raised higher than 212° Fahren-
heit.
When the Invention is applied to other irons than those particularly herein
before described I use a similar arrangement of the parts, but it will be
understood that the shape of the article must be regulated according to the
purpose to which it is applied, the Invention essentially consisting in the
method herein-before described of regulating the degree of heat in instrument
or irons by the employment of steam generated and caused to circulate sub
stantially in the manner herein-before described.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Louis Gachin in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 6th
March 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, Louis
GACHIN, of Hatton Garden, in the County of Middlesex, Hair Merchant, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Louis Gachin, Her special licence that I, the said Louis Gachin, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Louis Gachin, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS
FOR HEATING INSTRUMENTS OR IRONS FOR CURLING, WAVING, AND FRIZZLING HAIR,
AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES TO WHICH HEATED INSTRUMENTS OR IRONS ARE APPLICABLE,"
(communicated to me from abroad by Hippolyte Gillot, of Paris, France), upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Louis Gachin, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Louis Gachin, do hereby declare the.
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and
to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say:-
The method heretofore adopted for heating apparatus or instruments
commonly known as irons for waving, curling, and frizzling hair, and for
such other purposes as heated irons are used, such as irons for ironing, have
been heated in such manner that the heat has never been maintained at an
even temperature. Now the object of this Invention is to maintain the iron
or instrument while in use at one and the same temperature, or as nearly so
as may be, and that at 212° Fahrenheit; by this means hair, for example, is

page_text: heated evenly throughout, and not discolored or injured, as is often the case
when apparatus or instruments of the ordinary construction heated in the
ordinary manner are used.
I will describe the Invention as particularly applicable to irons for waving,
curling, and frizzling hair. I use hollow metal boxes formed by preference
when placed together as nearly as may be spherical; the shape, however, of
the boxes may be varied. Each box carries a hollow metal handle for inser-
tion in the ordinary metal or other handles for opening and closing the boxes.
At the top of the boxes a small aperture is formed, leading to the interior
thereof. One half of each side of each box is destined to receive water, and
the other half of each side contains a spiral tube, the ends of which enter the
water compartments, and through which steam generated as hereafter described
is free to escape.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is an external view, and Figure 2
a longitudinal section of an instrument constructed according to this Inven-
tion. a, b, are the two hollow metal boxes, each being divided into two
compartments c, d, and c, d. The compartments c and c¹ contain water,
which is inserted therein either by the handles e, e, being made hollow, as
herein-before described, or through apertures, as shewn in the Drawing, and
closed by the stoppers f, f¹. The compartments d and d' contain spiral
tubes k, as seen distinctly in the section Figure 3, which is taken through
the line x, y, of Figure 2. One end of each spiral tube is in communi-
cation with the water compartments c, c¹, and the other end communicates
with the small apertures 9, 91, formed in the hollow boxes 1, b.
Now to use the apparatus I introduce water into the boxes through the
hollow metal handles e, e, or by the other apertures in the Drawing shewn
closed by the stoppers f,f, and I place the iron on the fire or over gas; so
soon as the temperature of the water is raised to 212° Fahrenheit steam circu-
lates through the spiral tubes and escapes by the apertures g, g', at the top
of the instrument. While in this state I remove the apparatus from the fire
or gas, when it is ready for use without fear of the temperature being raised
higher than 212° Fahrenheit.
When this Invention is applied to other irons than those particularly herein-
before described I use a similar arrangement of the parts, but it will be under-
stood that the shape of the article must be regulated according to the purpose
to which it is applied.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim.―
First, the method herein-before described of regulating the degree of heat in

page_text: instruments or irons for curling, waving, and frizzling hair, and for other pur-
poses to which heated instruments or irons are applicable by the employment of
steam generated and caused to circulate substantially in the manner herein-
before described.
Second, the particular construction and arrangement of instrument as
herein-before described, and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Louis Gachin, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
LOUIS GACHIN. (L.S.)