MACHINE OR INSTRUMENT FOR CUTTING AND PRE- PARING LAY OR LEA GROUND FOR TILLAGE, AT MUCH LESS EXPENSE AND IN A SHORTER SPACE OF TIME THAN ARE REQUIRED BY THE PRESENT MODES OF PLOUGHING, AND ALSO FOR RENEWING GRASS LAND, LAY OR LEA GROUND WITH SEEDS, WITHOUT DESTROYING OR TEARING UP THE WHOLE OF THE SURFACE THEREOF
Year: 1821

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
THOMAS, of the Parish of Sithney, in the County of Cornwall, Merchant, and
JOSEPH LOBB, of the said Parish of Sithney, in the same County, Farmer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS His present Majesty King George the Fourth, in and by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the First day of May last past, for Himself, His heirs and successors,
did give and grant. unto us, the said William Thomas and Joseph Lobb, His
especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that we, the said
William Thomas and Joseph Lobb, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
and every of them, by ourselves, himself, and themselves, or by our and their
deputy or deputies, servants or agents, or such others as we, the said William
Thomas and Joseph Lobb, our executors, administrators, or assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term of years therein expressed, should or lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our "MACHINE OR INSTRUMENT FOR CUTTING AND PRE-
PARING LAY OR LEA GROUND FOR TILLAGE, AT MUCH LESS EXPENSE AND IN A SHORTER
SPACE OF TIME THAN ARE REQUIRED BY THE PRESENT MODES OF PLOUGHING, AND ALSO
FOR RENEWING GRASS LAND, LAY OR LEA GROUND WITH SEEDS, WITHOUT DESTROYING
OR TEARING UP THE WHOLE OF THE SURFACE THEREOF;" in which said Letters Patent
there is contained a proviso obliging us, the said William Thomas and Joseph
Lobb, by an instrument.in writing under our hands and seals, particularly to
describe and ascertain the nature of our said machine, instrument, or Invention,
+

page_text: and in what manner the same is to be used and performed, and to cause the
same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within two
calendar months next and inmediately after the date of the said recited
Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will
more fully appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that, in compliance of the said proviso, we, the said
William Thomas and Joseph Lobb, do hereby describe the nature of our
said machine or instrument, and in what manner the same is to be used and
performed, by a Plan or Drawing in the margin of these presents, and the
following description thereof, that is to say:
Our Machine or Instrument for Cutting and Preparing Lay or Lea Ground
for Tillage, at much less Expense and in a shorter Space of Time than are
required by the present Modes of Ploughing, and also for renewing Grass
Land, Lay or Lea Ground with Seeds, without destroying or tearing up the
whole of the Surface thereof, consists of a cylindrical cutter, or a number of
cutting wheels upon one axis connected to a carriage, as seen in the Drawing
annexed, Figures 1 and 2. This machine or instrument is however susceptible
of several modifications as to form and construction, and also in its mode of
attachment to a carriage, as we shall more fully explain bereafter. Our
intention in the construction of this machine, which we do nominate a
scarifier or hash, is to apply the same to scarifying or cutting perpendicularly
the surface of grass land to any desired depth and to any degree of closeness,
whereby the roots of the old grass may be effectually severed without the
labour of ploughing, which will also enable the' farmer to graze the land much
longer previous to breaking it up for wheat or turnip tillage.
In the Figures 1 and 2 of the Drawings, A is the axle of the carriage
wheels, to which are connected a pair of shafts for the reception of the horse.
To the axle is attached two upright bearers B, B, to support or carry the
shaft or axle D, D, upon which the cutting wheels C, C, C, are placed; the
bearers B, B, are capable of adjustment as to height by means of their nuts
and screws, so that the cutting wheels can be made to enter the ground to any
required depth by adding a weight on the axle A. These cutting wheels C
are to be made of metal, or any other hard suitable substance; but most
probably cast-iron wheels, with their edges ground sharp, will be found under
most circumstances to be preferred. They are made with a hole pierced
through their centre, as seen in Fig. 3, and with shoulders, as shewn at Fig. 4.
By this mode of making the cutters, there may be one or more washers of any
thickness, introduced between all the wheels, so that the cutters may be put at
any distance apart, and consequently will cut the ground to any degree of

page_text: ROGERS, Extra.
fineness. For this reason we prefer to make the individual cutters separate,
but consider a cutting cylinder, as above mentioned, to come completely within
the principle of our Invention. We do not, however, mean to confine
ourselves to the use of circular cutters in this our new invented scarifier or
hash, as the adaptation of other cutters, varying in form, such as are shewn in
Figures 5, 6, and 7, if applied in a similar manner to the same purpose, we
shall consider as an infringement to our Patent right.
We also desire it to be understood that we propose, under some circum-
stances, to attach this our apparatus to farmers' carts, to work in breast or
under the saine, or to any other description of carriage or frame with wheels.
When this machine is used for renewing lawns or grass land, it will then be
necessary to affix above the cutters a box containing grass seeds. This box
must be perforated with small holes, one hole being exactly over every cutter,
so that the seed may fall immediately into the furrow produced by the cutter.
It may then be necessary to follow the cutter with a roller, which
connected to the same carriage.
may
be
In witness whereof, we, the said William Thomas and James Lobb, have
set our hands and seals, this Twenty-sixth day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and twenty-one.
WILL THOMAS. (L.s.) JOSEPH LOBB. (L.S.)
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-sixth day of June,
in the second year of the reign of His Majesty King George the Fourth, the
said William Thomas and Joseph Lobb came before our said Lord the King
in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Instrument aforesaid, and all and every
thing therein contained and specified, in form above written. And also the
Instrument aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute
made in the fifty-fifth year of His late Majesty King George the Third