Improvements connected with Moulding Plastic Material and in Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1893

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements connected with Moulding Plastic Material and in
Apparatus therefor.
We FRANZ FRANKL and LEO FRIEDRICH HERRMANN, both of the City of
Vienna in the Empire of Austria, 37 Mariahilferstrasse, Gentlemen, do hereby
leclare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
tatement:-
The object of this invention is to enable boys and girls to make as a toy from
from their own material-real bricks-for their buildings. Buildings thus made
are therefore not restricted to a certain number or form of bricks usually added to
the toy, and, furthermore, it is possible by means of the moulding apparatus to
make bricks of architectural designs which are very natural. Toys of larger
dimensions can be supplemented by tools to enable children to make the necessary
wooden parts of a building for connecting the other parts.
As shown in Fig. 14, 15 and 16 of the drawing of which Fig. 14 is a plan view,
Fig. 15 a section and Fig. 16 a side view of the moulding apparatus for making
bricks accordingly to the improved process, the principal parts of the moulding
device consist of the frame a and plunger parts arranged on a base plate band
serving to press the set or hardened brick out of the frame a.
The parts or
ledges c laid under the frame a serving to determine the thickness of the brick and.
their cross-section render it possible to produce bricks of normal or half thickness
according to their narrow or broad side being laid under the frame a. The bottom
plates d are made to exactly fit the opening or apertures of the frame and close the
moulds underneath.
The method of producing the bricks is as follows:—
After having put together the moulding box and placed therein the bottom
pieces, all the surfaces of the moulds which come in contact with the mass to be
poured in later, are made as dry as possible and carefully oiled; then the plaster,
whose composition will hereafter be given, is mixed with water to a thin paste and
poured into the mould prepared as before described.
The pouring in should be done with the greatest precaution and as rapidly
as possible into every opening or aperture and the mass be allowed to spread
in every direction, without paying any attention to the unevenness of the surface.
After all the apertures have been filled, the surface is smoothed by a planer or
scraper which at the same time removes the superfluous mass, and the paste allowed
to set or harden. The more care exercised with the oiling, pouring in, and scraping,
the better will be the surfaces of the bricks obtained.
In about 15 minutes the bricks are so far hardened that they may be taken out
of the mould in the following manner :-
The supporting pieces c are removed and the frame pressed so far downwards
that the completed bricks are removed from their moulds by the plunger parts b
from which they can easily be taken off. It is preferable to allow the bricks after
being taken from the mould to further set or harden, which is preferably done by
laying them on a warm oven.
The mass which we have found most preferable for attaining the required purpose
consists of:

page_text: As pigments the following have proved most suitable.
For Yellow stones
Red stones
Slate coloured stones
Light ochre
Cassel-earth or English red
Bone-black or ultramarine.
All these pigments are absolutely poisonless and harmless.
It is now necessary to describe the different moulds required for rendering it
possible to make several parts to construct a building approaching reality.
For this purpose the size of a standard or normal brick is chosen on a reduced
scale which on employing corresponding moulds or stakes is to be subdivided into
several sizes or forms. This normal or standard brick is, for instance, of the
following dimensions length 54 m/m breadth 27 m/m thickness 13™ and can be
made with the apparatus described in all subdivisions.
It is recommended to so arrange the moulding apparatus that full size, three
quarter, half, and quarter bricks can be made without using any inlays or stakes.
It is further possible to obtain bricks of half thickness by turning the parts or
supports so that they lay on their broad side, and pushing the frame so far down-
wards that it rests upon the said parts c. All other forms can be obtained in their
primary forms by using corresponding inlays or stakes.
In the accompanying drawing:
:-
Fig. 1 shows an ordinary arch; the stakes or inlays belonging thereto consist of
a bed plate d with corresponding design in relief, and semicylinder ; the inlay
Fig. 2 destined for gothic arches, is of the same construction as Fig. 1.
The inlay e in Fig. 3 serves for producing cornices and lies free in one corner of
the mould upon one of the plates d.
Fig. 4 & 5 are half columns and the parts or inlays 9, 9 belonging thereto.
Fig. 6 shows tiles; the mould 66 comprises designs in bas-relief, and is laid in
the mould instead of plate d.
Fig. 7 shows a combination of a quarter column with semi-normal or standard
brick; the inlays consist of plate h and part f¹ with semicylindrical surface.
Fig. 8 shows the production of triangular bricks by inserting a plate i edge-
wise in the mould, whereby the brick is divided into two pieces of triangular form.
Fig. 9 shows the inlay or stake for half-pyramids.
Fig. 10 is a mould for smaller cornices; this form is made by laying a border or
ledge into the mould.
Figs. 11, 12 and 13 show ornamental forms produced by designs in relief and
bas-relief on the plate and sides of the mould.
As will be seen from the foregoing examples, by the aid of this process and
apparatus it is possible to easily produce a large variety of designs and forms. By
being able to make bricks to an unlimited extent, it is also possible to preserve or
keep particular buildings made with the bricks which can be made durable by
uniting the bricks; for this purpose a cement mortar or adhesive material is
preferably used such as paste, gum, dextrine or a thin paste of the mass from
which the bricks are made.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. An improved process of making bricks as a toy, characterized by mixing a
paste of gypsum, sawdust, calcined magnesium pouring same into moulds previously

page_text: prepared, scraping the surfaces, and taking the set or hardened brick or stone out
of the moulds by the insertion of stamps or plunger parts entering the moulds,
substantially as described and shown in the drawings.
2. An improved device for making bricks as a toy, substantially consisting of the
combination of a frame with bottom plates or inlays or stakes adapted to fit the
single compartments of the frame, and of plunger parts attached to a bed plate, and
supports for the frame to determine the thickness of the stone or brick to be
produced substantially as described and shown in the drawings.
3. An improved device or moulding apparatus for making bricks as a toy, in
which device different forms of bottom plates, inlays or stakes for forming the
various bricks or parts (as cornices, arches, columns, ornaments etc.) are employed,
substantially as described and shown in the drawings.
4. An improved process of making bricks as a toy, employing masses composed
of plaster of paris with the addition of sulphate of barium, dextrine and pigments,
substantially as described and shown in the drawings.
5. In an improved process of making bricks as a toy employing masses composed
of a paste of calcined magnesium with the addition of sawdust, chloride of magnesium
and pigment substantially as described and shown in the drawings.
6. Combining and permanently connecting bricks and other parts made according
to the improvements by means of an adhesive material such as dextrine, gum or the
like, or a thin paste of the mass used for making the bricks, substantially as
described and shown in the drawings.
Dated 17th day of June 1893.
FREDERIC PRINCE,
1, Quality Court, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agent for Applicants.