Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd June, 1887.
Complete Left, 5th Oct., 1887
Complete Accepted, 4th May, 1888
I, JOSEPH TOUSSAINT of Hollywood, near Birmingham, Warwickshire, Scientific
Chemist do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of my invention is to employ fatty or semi-fatty substances, either alone
or in combination, in the manufacture of iron and steel by the converter or other
processes.
The fatty substances I employ may consist of any or every description of animal
grease, and the semi-fatty substances include all kinds of animal, vegetable, or
mineral oils, resins, coal tar, wood tar, glycerine, wax, butter, oils, produced from fish,
and other analogous substances.
These substances or compositions must be perfectly free from water or from
inflammable spirit in order to avoid explosion.
H. GARDNER,
166, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the said J. Toussaint.

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Iron and Steel.
I JOSEPH TOUSSAINT of Holmes Hall, near Brigg, Lincolnshire Scientific Chemist,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The object of my invention is to employ fatty or semi-fatty substances, either alone
or in combination in the manufacture of iron and steel by the Converter and other
processes.
The fatty substances I employ may consist of any or every description of animal
grease and the semi-fatty substances include all kinds of animal, vegetable, or mineral
oils, resins, coal tar, wood tar, glycerine, wax, butter, oils produced from fish and
other analogous substances.
These substances or compositions must be perfectly free from water or from inflam-
mable spirit in order to avoid explosion. The fatty or semi-fatty matters are employed
preferably in the proportion of four pounds of the matters per ton of metal, which is
all the metal can absorb. These proportions may be varied more or less, but four
pounds is the most convenient basis.
The fatty or semi-fatty matters may be mixed with any kind of corrosive or acid
salts either vegetable, mineral or alkaline such as Nitre, Potash, Carbonate of Soda,
Sal Ammoniac, Oxalic acid or with any kind of minerals, also with any earthy matters
such as clay, gypsum, chalk, lime or other ingredients obtained from the earth, or it
may be sea or other shells, animal bone or any combination thereof.
If steel is required I employ the acid salts in the proportion of 5 pounds to the ton.
Any of the above mentioned mixtures or ingredients are incorporated with the
fatty or semi-fatty matters brought either into a liquid state, or as a paste, or in
cake form, the action of the fatty matters in the metal in fusion being the same.
When using any mixture or mixtures or ingredients with the fatty or semi-fatty
substance the consumption is slower than when the fatty matters are used alone.
The fatty or semi-fatty matters destroy the Oxides of the metal. These matters
by destroying the Oxides give greater strength to the metals, and renders them more
malleable.
In smelting the metals, these matters liberate the Pyrites which always exist
in metals, and causes them to rise and float on the surface of the metals in fusion.
I throw these fatty matters into the iron or steel at the moment of fusion, and they

page_text: saturate the metal immediately; or the fatty matters can be employed in the manner
described in the specification of my Patent dated 29th June 1887, No. 9231.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
The employment of fatty or semi-fatty material, either alone, or mixed with
other suitable ingredients, substantially as described, in the manufacture of iron and
steel.
The 5th day of October 1887.
H. GARDNER,
166, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the said J. Toussaint.