IMPROVE- MENTS IN WATERCLOSETS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Alexander Forrest and William Wool-
house Hayes, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Glass
Manufacturers and Oil Merchants, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WATERCLOSETS.”
Sealed the 3rd March 1874, and dated the 4th September 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Alexander
Forrest and William Woolhouse Hayes at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 4th September
1878.
We, JAMES ALEXANDER FORREST and WILLIAM WOOLHOUSE HAYES,
of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Glass-Manufacturers and Oil
Merchants, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS," to be as follows:-
The purpose of this Invention is that each time the closet is used,
however carelessly handled, it shall be perfectly flushed and cleansed
above and below the valve or pan in the bottom of the basin, and an
arrangement whereby the air chambers, such as those used in the
ordinary pan and valve closets, are avoided, thus preventing the accu-
mulation of noxious vapours and the pollution of the surrounding
atmosphere which is the great source of epidemic and contagious
diseases.

page_text: A closet arranged according to this Invention has an ordinary basin or
pan having an elongated discharge fitted on the top of the soil pipe,
which is turned up so as to form an S strap. The soil pipe below the
exit of the basin is fitted with a valve having a universal joint so as to
insure its taking readily on to its seat on the under side of the neck or
throat of the basin, and is actuated through the ordinary vertical closet
handle and rod. A lever, one end of which is jointed to the lower end
of the vertical rod and the other linked to the lower end of the valve
spindle which works in guides, is formed with an arm on one side
thereof, through which the fulcrum pin passes, and is bent downwards
from the fulcrum, so that on the rod being lifted the lower end of the
lever follows in a vertical line. This lever is counterweighted in order
to carry down the inner end when the handle is released, thus closing
the valve on the lower end of the basin. The basin is flushed in the
ordinary way, the supply pipe being fitted with an "Underhay's" or
other suitable time valve which immediately opens but takes a certain
time to close to give the after supply for covering the basin valve. The
lower end of this supply valve when not in use rests on the top of a
stud formed on the side of the vertical spindle of the lift handle, so that
upon being lifted the supply valve lever is elevated sufficiently to open
the valve. On the rod descending the lever is left by the projection on
the side of the rod by which it was drawn up, thus allowing the supply
valve to close gradually, by which the closet basin receives the after
supply when the valve at the bottom of the basin is closed.
On the handle of the closet being released it will be carried down by
the counterweight on the horizontal lever. The basin valve is closed by
the elevation of the reverse end acting on the spindle thereof, at the same
time a second supply pipe opens and flushes the apparatus below after
the valve on the bottom of the basin is closed. This flushing pipe may
be fitted with a similar time valve or may have a service box.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Alexander Forrest and William Woolhouse
Hayes in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 4th March 1874.

page_text: in the County of Lancaster, Glass Manufacturers and Oil Merchants,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said James Alexander Forrest and William
Woolhouse Hayes, Her special licence that we, the said James Alexander
Forrest and William Woolhouse Hayes, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said James Alexander Forrest and
William Woolhouse Hayes, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said James Alexander Forrest and William
Woolhouse Hayes, our executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under our, or their, or one of our or their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said In-
vention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
•
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Alexander Forrest and
William Woolhouse Hayes, do hereby declare the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement,
reference being had to the accompanying Sheet of illustrative Drawings,
and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say:—
Our Invention consists in so combining and arranging the parts of
waterclosets that the water for flushing and cleansing is made to act in
a novel manner, that is to say, there are two distinct admissions of water,
one into the pan or hopper for flushing and cleansing and the other into
the soil pipe below or leading from the pan or hopper for effectually
cleansing the receiver and carrying away the soil.
Another part of our Invention consists in constructing the outlet from
the pan or hopper in closets having distinct or double water admissions

page_text: in such manner that there is no chamber or space for collection of
objectionable or hurtful gases, the whole of the space below or alongside
the pan or hopper being filled with water left after the soil has been
carried away to the sewer or waste pipe.
Various arrangements of mechanism may be adopted to obtain the
novel results under our Invention. But that others may be readily
enabled to carry the same into effect we have appended hereunto a Sheet
of Drawings showing a modification which we have found to answer well
in practice, and in which both parts of our Invention are combined.
Fig. 1 is a view in front elevation, and Fig. 2 an end elevation. Like
letters denote the same parts in both views.
ais the pan or hopper here provided with bottom valve 6, water
scatterer c, and overflow pipe d. The valve 6 is connected by the crank
e to the lever f, such lever ƒ being jointed to the lift handle g by the
rod h. The end of the lever ƒ has an elongated aperture therein to
allow lateral movement. It will be obvious the crank pin might work
in an elongated aperture. i is a wire attached to the lever f and also to
a bell crank or rocking piece j. This bell crank, when moved by the
hand lift g, operates the tap or valve k and admits water through the
supply pipe *. The said supply of water in the closet as here shown is
what we call the cleaning and sealing supply, that is to say, it continues
flowing past the scatterer for a sufficient length of time to thoroughly
clean the pan, and after the valve has closed to properly seal it. .l is a
rectangular or other shaped receiving box connected directly to the
bottom of the pan or hopper a; evidently it might be connected other-
wise such as to the lower side. The soil pipe m opens into the said
receiving box, no S or other trap being necessary. n is the pipe through
which the flushing and carrying or second water supply is admitted.
The time during which this supply acts may be varied. As here shown,
an Underhay's valve o is applied to control the closing of the valve p,
said valve p being opened by the lever q resting on the stud of the
rod h. The time this second supply is open should be about one
minute.
The action of the supply as here described is as follows:-After
lifting the handle g water is admitted through the pipe k*, past the
scatterer c, and immediately thereafter, or at the same time, another
supply through the pipe n into the receiving box is admitted, so as by

page_text: the action of the latter to carry away the soil and flush the receiving
box. By the controlling action of the Underhay's valve o, or its
equivalent, the flow of water through the receiving box is continued
after the closing of the valve b.
It will be seen that instead of the cleaning and sealing supply being
first admitted the flushing and carrying supply may have primary
action.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and parti-
cularized the same in such manner that others will be enabled to
practically carry the same into effect, we would have it understood that
we do not confine ourselves to details so long as the desired actions and
benefits are secured. What we do claim is,—
First. So constructing waterclosets that there is a double admission of
water, one for cleaning and sealing, and the other for flushing and
carrying, substantially as set forth.
Second. Constructing waterclosets without space for air or gas between
the bottom of the pan or hopper and the soil pipe when such closets are
provided with the double supply or two admissions of water, substantially
as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Woolhouse Hayes, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Third day of March, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
In the presence of
JAMES JOHNSON,
Patent Office,
WILLIAM WOOLHOUSE HAYES. (L.S.)
Qlayton Square,
Liverpool.