IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CURVED AND ANGULAR PAPER TUBES AND PIPES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Crispin at the
Office of tho Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th September 1861.
I, WILLIAM HENRY CRISPIN, of Marsh Gate Lane, Stratford, in the County
of Essex, Copper Smelter, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CURVED AND ANGULAR PAPER
TUBES AND PIPES," to be as follows:-
In
This Invention relates to certain improved methods of constructing curved
and angular paper tubes and pipes, whereby the difficulties and imperfections.
hitherto incident to the manufacture of such articles are surmounted.
order to form curved tubes or pipes or "bends," as they are technically termed,
the paper of which the article is to be made is in the first instance covered
with a coating of pitch or other bituminous material. This is conveniently and
efficaciously done by reducing the pitch or other bituminous substance to a state
of powder, which is sifted or distributed over the surface of the paper, the
latter being exposed by means of hot metallic plates or otherwise to the action
of a sufficient degree of heat to melt the pitch or bituminous substance
employed. The paper thus receives a perfect and even coating of the pitch or
bituminous substance. This is a simple and speedy mode of effecting the
object in view, but any other method of giving the requisite coating to the
paper may be employed. The paper should be cut into strips of any required
width, either before or after being coated. The paper having been thus
prepared, strips thereof are wound or twisted spirally around mandrils of the
size and form of the tubes or pipes which it is desired to manufacture. The
mandrils employed are made of metal, and may be either solid or hollow. In

page_text: the latter case heat may be imparted to the interior of the mandril by means
of hot water, steam, hot air, or other of the known means of imparting heat
under such circumstances. When solid mandrils are used, heat must be
communicated to them by any suitable means. Upon the prepared paper
being wound or twisted round the mandril, as before mentioned, the pitch or
bituminous substance with which the former is coated is partially melted, thus
causing the convolutions of the paper to adhere together, the process being
continued until the tube or pipe is of sufficient thickness, coatings of pitch or
other bituminous substanco being given from time to time as may be deemed
requisite, while perfect smoothness and regularity of form may be obtained by
moulding with the hand or by means of suitable tools or appliances. The
mandrils should be covered with grease or some other substance which will
prevent the adhesion of the paper, and the curves employed should in all cases
bo portions of truo circles in order that the mandrils may bo withdrawn
without injuring the tubes or pipes. If considered requisite, greater strength
and hardness may be given to the tubes or pipes by employing external pressure
during the process of manufacture, and extra layers of paper may be used at
those parts which require greater strength, and in some cases layers of canvas
or calico may be added for the like purpose. In the manufacture of angular
and junction tubes or pipes to be used instead of T-pieces and otherwise, a
spherical boss is formed of paper prepared as herein-before described, or
otherwise rendered sufficiently adhesive, the same being cut into strips of
.considerable length, and in the form of greatly elongated acute triangles, the
strips thus formed being wound round a mandril or spindle, beginning at the
base of the triangle, and winding the same until a sufficient thickness has
been obtained. The mass thus formed can then be moulded into a spherical
shape by compression or by other suitable means, and the mandril or spindlo
then withdrawn, thus leaving a solid sphero with a tubular aperture through
the same, and into which a plain or straight piece of tube or pipe is after-
wards fixed. In order to connect two or more pipes at any desired angle to
each other, the boss and pipe passing through the same are bored or drilled at
the desired angle from the external surface of the boss to the tubular aperture,
the branch pipe or pipes being inserted into the openings thus made and then
securely cemented. By these means joints or junctions of any kind and at any
angles, and with any combinations, may be readily formed.