IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS
Year: 1884

page_text: I, ABRAHAM MARTIN, of 177, Aston Lane, Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in lamps having two or more concentric
tubular wicks and it has for its object to increase the illuminating power by
improving the air supply, to facilitate the introduction and to simplify the
adjustment of the wicks and to improve the means of filling the oil reservoir.
I will describe the invention as applied to a lamp having two tubular concentric
wicks although a greater number may be used.
The supply of air to the interior and in certain cases to the exterior also of the
two flames is admitted from below through a central vertical tube rising from the
lamp pedestal through the air reservoir this air supply tube communicating directly
with the central and annular passages through and between the several wick cases.
The case of the central wick is closed at bottom and may extend below the
bottom of the oil reservoir at about the level of which it is in communication with
the case of the outer wick by one or more connecting tubes which cross the annular
air passage between the two cases and serve to supply the inner wick with oil
from the outer wick case.
The outer wick case which is in direct communication with the oil reservoir
terminates within the latter at a point near the bottom thereof. Should the air
supplied to the exterior of the flame be also admitted from below (instead of
through the usual perforated casing beneath the gallery) the outer wick case would.
also extend below the bottom of the reservoir and, be closed at bottom and would
also be in communication with the reservoir by connecting tubes crossing the
annualar space between the outer wick case and the reservoir.
The wick adjusting mechanism is so combined that the two wicks shall be raised
and lowered simultaneously and equally by turning a single knob. It consists of
two pairs of spindles one pair for each wick all geared together. The spindles of
each pair are at opposite sides of the burner and carry toothed wheels for engage-
ment with the respective wicks. Those for actuating the inner wick pass through.
slots or passages made across the outer wick chamber and have the same surface
speed as those for actuating the outer wick in order that both wicks may be moved
to the same extent. To give passage to the wheels for actuating the inner wick it.
TD 022

page_text: is necessary that the outer wick should be composed of two separate strips or flat
wicks at the lower part the said wheels passing between their adjacent edges.
These two flat wicks are bent to a semi-tubular form in the wick case and combine
at the burner to form a single tubular wick. If desired the two flat wicks may he
sewn or otherwise connected together above the level of the adjusting mechanism.
This mechanism is contained in a chamber of which the upper part is in one with
the gallery and to facilitate the introduction of the wicks I make the upper part of
the outer wall or tube of the outer wick case in one with the upper part of the said
chamber so as to be removable therewith and expose the interior of the outer wick
case down to the level of the adjusting gear. To facilitate the introduction of the
inner wick I make the upper part of the tube which forms the outer wall of its
case, removable and of a conical form so that whilst at the upper end the section of
the wick case is just equal to the thickness of the wick it is sufficiently larger at
the point where this conical tube fits on to enable the wick to be easily introduced
when the conical part is removed.
The lower part of the chamber containing the adjusting gear forms an annular
filling trough immediately above the oil reservoir with which it communicates by
means of a tube which dips down sufficiently to prevent the oil being thrown out
by a sudden movement or overthrow of the lamp.
The bottom of this trough is inclined so as to avoid retaining any oil in it.
ABRAHAM MARTIN,
By his Agents, A. M. & Wm Clark,
53, Chancery Lane, W.C.
I ABRAHAM MARTIN of 177 Aston Lane, Birmingham in the County of
Warwick, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS," and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My Invention relates to improvements in oil lamps having two or more con-
centric tubular wicks and it has for its object to increase the illuminating power by
improving the air supply and to facilitate the introduction and to simplify the
adjustment of the wicks.
I will describe the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings as
applied to a lamp having two tubular concentric wicks although a greater number
of wicks may be used.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a lamp constructed according to my invention
and figure 2 a plan thereof with the gallery and cover removed.

page_text: Figure 3 is a sectional elevation of a modified form of lamp and figure 4 a plan
of same with the cover and gallery removed.
Figure 5 is a section on a larger scale of the upper part of the inner wick tube.
The supply of air to the interior and in certain cases to the exterior also of the
two flames is admitted from below through a. central vertical tube A rising from
the lamp pedestal B through the oil reservoir C, this air supply tube communicating
directly with the central passage a and the annular passages a³ through and
between the several wick cases.
In figure 1 the case b of the central wick is closed at bottom b¹ and extends
below the bottom of the oil reservoir C at about the level of which it is in com-
munication with the reservoir by one or more tubes c which cross the annular air
passage a between the two cases and serve to supply the inner wick with oil.
The outer wick case d which is in direct communication with the oil reservoir
terminates in figure 1 within the latter at a point near the bottom thereof.
Should the air supplied to the exterior of the flame be also admitted from below
(instead of through the usual perforated casing beneath the gallery) the outer wick
case & would as well as the inner wick case extend below the bottom of the
reservoir as in figure 3 and be closed at bottom and would also be in communication
with the reservoir by connecting tubes c crossing the annular spaces a¹ and c¹
between the outer wick case and the reservoir.
The wick adjusting mechanism is so combined that the two wicks shall be raised
and lowered simultaneously and equally by turning a single knob. This mechanism
consists of two pair of spindles e, e, and e¹, e, one pair for each wick all geared
together. The spindles of each pair are at opposite sides of the burner and carry
toothed wheels ff and f¹ f¹ for engagenent with the respective wicks. The
wheels f for actuating the inner wick pass through passages h see figure 6 made
across the outer wick chamber and have the same surface speed as the wheels f¹
for actuating the outer wick in order that both wicks may be moved to the same
extent. To give passage to the wheels for actuating the inner wick it is necessary
that the outer wick should be composed of two separate strips or flat wicks at the
lower part, the said wheels passing between their adjacent edges. In order to
protect the wick from fouling the wheels f and avoid leakage of oil the latter are
encased that is to say a guard h¹ extends from the edges 2 of the slot in the outer
wick tubes b to the edges 3 of the slot in the outer tube of the inner wick.
The two halves forming the outer wick are bent to a semi tubular form in the
wick case and continue at the burner to form a single tubular wick. If desired
the two flat wicks may be sewn or otherwise connected together above the level of
the adjusting mechanism. This mechanism is contained in a chamber D of
which the upper part D¹ is in one with the gallery and in Figure 1 to facilitate
the introduction of the wicks I make the upper part D³ of the outer wall or tube
of the outer wick case in one with the upper part of the said chamber so as to be
removable therewith and expose the interior tube of the outer wick case down to
the level of the adjusting gear. To facilitate the introduction of the inner wick in
Figure 1 and both wicks in figure 2 I make the upper part 63 of the tube which
forms the outer wall of its case, removable and of a conical form so that whilst at
the upper end the section of the wick case is just equal to the thickness of the wick
it is sufficiently larger at the point where this conical tube fits on to enable the
wick to be easily introduced when the conical part is removed.
The lower part E of the chamber containing the adjusting gear forms an annular
filling trough immediately above the oil reservoir C with which it communicates
by means of a tube E¹ which dips down sufficiently to prevent the oil being thrown
out by a sudden movement or overthrow of the lamp.
The bottom E is inclined so as to avoid retaining any oil in it.
k is a deflector consisting of a stem provided with wings adapted to fit in the
central air tube a and provided with a head ¹ which stands slightly above the top
ftubo r

page_text: This deflector spreads the inner flame outwards while the glass chimney throws
the outer flame inwards. By this means owing to the arrangement of the air
passages through the central wick and between the wick cases, perfect combustion
is ensured.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1st An oil lamp in which the air supply is admitted from below and which is
furnished with two or more concentric wicks, constructed with a central air
passage a and annular air passages a¹ through and between the several wick cases,
substantially as shown and described.
2nd In an oil lamp provided with concentric wicks, the mechanism consisting of
pairs of spindles geared together and carrying feed wheels, the wheels for the inner
wick or wicks passing through openings in the outer wick case or cases and between
the halves constituting the outer wick or wicks said wheels being protected from
the outer wick or wicks and the slots closed against leakage of oil, substantially as
described and shown in the drawings.
3rd In an oil lamp a wick tube provided, with a removable conical section or
nipple at its upper end, for facilitating the introduction of the wick, substantially
as described and shown in the drawings.
4th The construction of the wick tube with the upper portion D2 of the outer
wall integral with the gallery and adapted to be removed therewith for facilitating
the introduction of the wick, substantially as described and shown in figure 1.
COLL
1005