CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MAKING OF ROVINGS, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING OF COTTON, SILK, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1833

page_text: JONES, of Salford, within the Parish of Manchester, in the County Palatine
of Lancaster, Machine Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing dale
at Westminster, the Twenty-fifth day of May. in the third year of His reign,
did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
James Jones, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said James Jones, my exors, admors, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said James Jones, my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others. from time to time and at all times during the
term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MAKING OF ROVINGS, SPINNING,
AND DOUBLING OF COTTON, SILK, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES;" in which
said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that 1, the said James Jones, shall
cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His said
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in
[Price 8d 1

page_text: and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and a
large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the sai
James Jones, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention to con
sist in certain improvements in the method of effecting and regulating the
differential or taking-up motion required between the flyer and bobbin o
flyer and spindle, in roving, spinning, and doubling machines used in the
manufacture of cotton and other fibrous material, together with an improved
arrangement of the flyer of such machinery; and in further compliance with
the said proviso, I, the said James Jones, do hereby describe the manner in
which my said Invention is to be performed, by the following description
thereof, reference being had to the Drawing annexed, and to the figures and
letters marked thereon, that is to say :-
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1, Sheet 1. represents a front view, and Figure 2 an end view
of part of a spinning machine called the throstle, some of the ordinary
parts of which are delineated for the purpose of shewing the position in
which this part of my Invention is applied, and in the whole of the
Drawings it will be found that similar letters are used to denote similar parts
in all the Figures. In Figure 1 and Figure 2, A represents the drawing
rollers, and B the spindles of the machine, both of which are driven in the
ordinary manner; but it will be seen in this application of my Invention, that
the flyer C is not attached to the top of the spindle, but proceeds from below
the bobbin D (as best is seen at Figure 6), and is supported in its position
by means of the hollow tube E, which fits loosely on the spindle. The tube
E is provided with a circular flange e, c, which rests on the wheels F, F.
both of which are supported by and receive the perpendicular traverse or
copping motion from the copping plate G, G, on which they rest. The shape
or construction of the stud piece or axis H, on which the wheels F, F, revolve
will be best seen by reference to Figure 3 and Figure 4. where it is shewn at
its full size, Figure 3 being a side view, and Figure 4 a plan of this part. In
reference to Fig. 4 it will be seen that there are two small studs or projections
h, h, in the interior or opening, which slides upon the spindle B. These
studs or projections h, h, take into slots or grooves in the spindle, as seen at
b, b, Figure 6, so that the part H is carried round and partakes of the
rotatory motion of the spindle B at the same time that the slots b, b, which
are slightly inclined for the purpose of insuring the descent of the part H,
allow it to raise and fall along with the copping rail G, G, upon the surface

page_text: Now
of which the wheels F, F, are supported. Thus the flyer C, being attached to
the circular part E, which rests on the wheels F, F, is carried up and down,
or receives what is called the copping motion. Having described the
manner in which the copping motion is conveyed to the flyer for the
purpose of shewing the construction of the flyer and the paris by which
it is driven, I shall proceed to describe the manner in which the differen-
tial or taking-up motion is produced. In Figure 6 it will be observed
that the wheels F. F. not only partake of the rotation of the spindle B.
as already described, but also of a secondary or rolling motion around
their respective centres, caused by the friction between their surface and
the surface of the copping rail G, G, on which they are supported.
suppose the copping rail G, G. to be removed, it is clear that the weight of
the flyer and part E pressing on the wheels F, F. and cross piece H. would
force itself down the spindle as far as the small studs h, h, would allow it to
pass in the slot b. b. and that any rotation of the spindle would be imparted
to the flyer, or in other words, the flyer and spindle would revolve at the
same speed; but as soon as the wheels F, F, rest on the copping plate G, G,
as here represented, and the rolling or secondary motion of the wheels F, F,
is produced as before described, the circular plate e, e, which rests on the
wheels F, F, will have this secondary or additional motion imparted to it over
and above the first motion of the spindle which it would receive if the wheels
F, F, did not rest on the copping plate G, G, or move round their own
centres. Thus an extra or increased speed is given to the flyer C, and
the differential or taking-up motion effected. In the arrangement of parts
shewn at Figure 6 the increased speed is given to the flyer, and the difference
of speed between the flyer and the spindle is about as two to one; but in
reference to Figure 7, it will be seen that extra speed may as conveniently be
given to the bobbin, and increased or decreased according to the nature of
the work, or as the particular machine to which my Invention is to be applied
may require. In this Figure the flyer is attached to the spindle B, and
partakes of its motion, while the bobbin D, which is placed on the spindle, is
supported by a small washer which rests on the plate e, e, (as shewn in
section), and partakes of the increased speed imparted to it by the wheels
F. F. as before described. In this arrangement the wheels F, F, are calculated
to produce a differential motion of about one to four, which is effected by
decreasing the diameter of those parts of the wheels F, F, upon which
the flange e, e, rests, and from which it receives its differential motion,
wwhich difference of speed may be varied in any proportion by varying the
relative circumference of those parts of the wheels F, F, which come in

page_text: contact with the copping rail G, G, and which come in contact or drive the
flange e, c.
Figure 8 represents another arrangement of parts to which my Invention is
applicable for the purpose of building cops. which may either be built on the
bare spindle or on a collet or sheath placed on the spindle. and removed when
the cop is completed, the form of the cop depending entirely on the nature
of the copping motion applied to the machine.
It will be observed. that my Invention for producing the differential motion,
as herein-before described, arises entirely from the uniform surface motion
imparted by the wheels F. F. to the part E. whence it is conveyed either to
the flyer or bobbin (as shewn at Figures 6 and 7). and that the accelerated
speed gained by this arrangement is effected without increasing the speed of
the spindle, and consequently without causing that vibration of the spindle
which is experienced by running spindles at a great speed. Thus, in Figure 6,
suppose the spindle to make three thousand revolutions per minute, the flyer
will make six thousand revolutions in the same time, and the greater speed
will be found much steadier than in machines of the ordinary construction.
In constructing the wheels F. F. the best material I have yet found out for
that purpose is cork. although I am of opinion that experience may discover a
stronger material; but hitherto cork wheels, upon a smooth iron copping rail.
have produced the most delicate and uniform differential motion I have been
able to effect. A small washer of leather, woollen cloth, or metal, has gene-
rally been applied under the bobbin: but these minor arrangements are well
known to spinners, and must depend on the nature of roving, spinning, or
doubling machines, to which my Invention is to be applied.
The Drawings upon Sheet 2 represent another arrangement for producing
the differential motion between the spindle and hobbin, which is effected
without the intervention of the wheels F. F, as already described. In this
Sheet, at Figure 1, B represents the spindle to which the flyer C is attached:
and I is a circular piece of metal. resting on the copping rail G. G. and
carried along with the spindle by means of the slot b. b. and small projec⚫
tions h, h, similar to the last arrangement, and shewn in plan at Figure 2 on
this Sheet. Upon the upper surface of the part H is supported the warve N,
the form of which is shewn in plan and elevation in the separate Figures 3
and 4. This part. with the tube 0. carries the bobbin D. having a small
washer o between them, as seen at Figure 1, so that the whole of the parts
described as resting on the part H would be carried along with it at the speed
of the spindle; but the warve N is encompassed and held by the small
band p, p, the direction of which is best seen in plan at Figure 4, where it is

page_text: shewn attached to the copping rail at g on one side, and to the screw g' on the
opposite side of the warve N; and it is by the amount of tension, caused by
the tightening screw g¹, that the warve N is arrested and held back in its revo-
lution along with the spindle, and the requisite difference of speed obtained;
for, supposing the band to be drawn so tight by means of the screw ' that
the warve N could not revolve, it is clear that the bobbin D would only follow
the flyer by the traction of the end of yarn which is distributed on it from the
flyer, as is the case in the ordinary drag; but that as soon as the bands p, p,.
are relieved, by slackening the screw g¹, the traction of the yarn from the flyer
will be relieved and decreased until the bobbin D gains the same speed as the
flyer. Hence, by the adjustment of the set screw g', any amount of differential
or taking-up motion may be obtained with the greatest delicacy; or, in other
words, the drag or retarding action on the bobbin may be increased or dimi-
nished at pleasure.
Having described the various modifications of that part of my Invention
.which relates to the taking-up motion shewn in the Drawings at Sheet 1
and 2, I shall proceed to describe the improved arrangement of the flyer,
as represented in the Drawings at Sheet 3, Figure 9 being a side view of
a double flyer, by means of which I am enabled to use a much shorter
spindle, and a much larger bobbin, and to run at a much greater speed than
in ordinary machines. In this arrangement the spindle B runs in a step in
the ordinary manner, and is supported in its perpendicular position by the
stationary part i, i, which forms the top of the tube K, K, as shewn in section.
and bolted to the framing at 1. The copping rail G moves free of the
tube K, K, and carries a secondary flyer c. c. connected at its upper extremity
to the metallic circle m, m, the form of which will be seen in plan adjoining
this Figure, so that every traverse of the copping rail G, G, the circular
piece m, m, distributes the yarn on the bobbin D; at the same time that this
distribution is proceeding, the flyer C, C, which is attached to the spindle B,
and passes through the holes n, n, in the ring m, m, carries the ring along
with it, giving the requisite twist, and winding the yarn on to the bobbin as it
is delivered from the front roller of the machine. The drag or retarding
motion for taking up the yarn on to the bobbin D in this arrangement is
effected in the ordinary manner.
Figure 10 represents a side view of another arrangement in which the
differential motion effected by means of the wheel F, F, is combined with the
double flyer last described at Figure 9. The flyer C, C, or that which-
gives the rotatory motion in Figure 10, is attached to the spindle below the
bobbin D, for the purpose of facilitating the doffing. In this Figure, one of

page_text: the wheels F is removed to shew the position of the flyer C, C, and the tube
part K, K.
Figure 11 is a front view of a similar arrangement for making cops, with
the double flyer and the differential motion, in which the letters of reference
will sufficiently indicate the parts already described. In this Figure the
copping motion of the rail G, G. is effected by any of the well-known move-
ments for that purpose, and entirely independent of my Invention.
Now, though the situations in which I have applied my Invention, as herein-
before described, is the best I have found, according to my present experience,
I am aware that they may be varied and otherwise applied to advantage, all
which varied applications must be governed by the construction and nature of
the machine to which they are to be applied. But whereas I claim, as my
Invention, Certain Improvements in Making Rovings, Spinning and Doubling
Cotton, Silk, Flax, and other Fibrous Substances, which improvements consist in
the introduction of the rotatory wheels or pullies marked F, F, and the arrange-
ment of parts herein-before described, as seen in Sheet 1, as also that described
in Sheet 2, for producing the differential or taking-up motion in the various
machines to which it may be applied, together with the arrangement of two
flyers acting conjointly, as described at Figures 9, 10, and 11, at Sheet 3;
and such my Invention being, to the best of my knowledge and belief, entirely
new, and never before used within that part of His Majesty's United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland called England, His said Dominion of Wales,
and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, I do hereby declare this to be my Specifi-
cation of the same, and that I do verily believe this my said Specification doth
comply in all respects, fully and without reserve or disguise, with the proviso
in the said herein-before in part recited Letters Patent contained; therefore I
do hereby claim to maintain exclusive right and privilege of my said
Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Jones, have hereunto set my hand.
and seal, this Eighteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord One
Signed, sealed, and delivered (being first
duly stamped), by the said James
Jones, in the presence of
JAMES (L.S.) JONES.
Nearera

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Eighteenth day of October, in
the year of our Lord 1833, the aforesaid James Jones came before our
said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to
the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Twenty-fifth day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and thi