matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUCKLES FOR FASTENING DRESS, BELTS, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th July 1870.-A communication from abroad by Marc André
Baudit, of Paris, Empire of France, Buckle Manufacturer.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, and Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BUCKLES FOR FASTENING
DRESS, BELTS, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES," a communication, to be as
follows:
-
Ordinary buckles for belts, garters, and other like articles are made
in two pieces entirely distinct the one from the other. One piece forms
what is sometimes called the male and the other the female part of the
buckle.
It is easy to understand that this construction necessitates the em-
ployment of a complicated stock of tools for cutting out and engraving,
for in such a system of manufacture there must be first an implement
to cut or stamp out the male part from a single piece of the material
used; second, an implement to stamp out of the female part the portion

page_text: adjoining the other part; third, a mould engraved for each pattern of
one part; and, fourth, a mould engraved for each pattern of the other
part of the buckle.
To obviate the necessity for this complication I adopt a novel system
of construction, which consists in cutting. pieces in such a form that
they may be used indiscriminately for either part of the buckle. In this
way two picces exactly alike subjected to the same cutting out tool,
stamped in the same mould and impressed with the form and engraving
thereof will fasten together or clasp one into each other, and will form
an entirely novel system of buckles.
In order that the said Invention may be clearly understood I have
represented in the accompanying Drawing one example of my improved
buckles.
Figure 1 shews two exactly similar pieces A, which form my improved
buckle; Figure 2 shews the said two pieces A adapted to the two ends
of a garter B; Figure 3 illustrates the manner of inserting one of the said
pieces A into the other to fasten the buckle. It will be observed that
this insertion is effected sidewise unlike other buckles. The projections a
retain the two pieces A securely together. Figure 4 is a front view
shewing the buckle fastened; Figure 5 is a back view of the said buckle
also shewing it fastened; Figure 6 is an edge view of the pieces A.
The said pieces may be of metal or other suitable material; they are
in all respects so nearly alike or identical in form as to present openings
whereby they may be inserted laterally one within the other and
projections whereby they are retained securely together.
It is obvious that the form of the buckles may be varied at pleasure
within certain limits.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OP COCKS AND VALVES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick James Head at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st October 1870.
I, FREDERICK JAMES HEAD, of Eastbourne, in the County of Sussex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OP COCKS AND VALVES," to be as
follows:-
My Ivention of improvements in the construction of cocks and valves
relates to that description of cock or valve in which the passage for the
water or other liquid is closed by a disc, plate, or ring which is brought
down on to a flat seat. Cocks or valves of this kind are usually worked
by means of a screw cut on the valve stem or spindle and made to work
in a corresponding female screw. It has been found that to open the
valve or cock to the full extent of its capacity this screw must make two
or more revolutions, and the valve is moreover liable to be easily deranged
and become leaky. To obviate these objections I detach the valve plate
or disc and its stem from the rod or spindle whereby it is worked, so
that nothing may prevent the valve from having a perfectly water-tight
bearing on its seat. The valve works upwards, and is kept up against

page_text: its seat by a spring beneath it, but in some cases where there is a
constant pressure from a head of water the valve will be kept up against
its seat simply by such hydrostatic pressure. The valve is opened by a
rod or spindle which passes through a gland at the top of the cock or
valve, and is provided at its upper end with a collar under which is
placed an india-rubber ring or rings which will keep the rod or spindle
up away from the valve stem, and will also form a perfectly water-tight
joint. The spindle is worked by a circular cam piece which is actuated
by a handle above, and when the handle and cam piece are turned one
quarter of a circle the spindle will be forced down against the valve stem
and will open the passage. When the handle is turned back again the
rubber spring will push up the spindle, and then the spring under the
valve plate (or the pressure of the water acting on the under side of
the valve) will close the latter and shut the passage. This construction
of cock or valve is applicable to ball cocks, bath cocks, house or beer
cocks, or common taps.
An IMPROVED BRUSHING MACHINE FOR CLEANING TIN PLATES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Isaac Evans at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th May 1870.
I, JOHN ISAAC EVANS, of Merthyr Tydvil, in the County of Gla-
morgan, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "An
IMPROVED BRUSHING MACHINE FOR CLEANING TIN PLATES," to be as follows:-
-
This Invention consists in the employment of wheel or circular
brushes arranged as herein-after mentioned, and whereby the surfaces
of tin plates are effectually and rapidly cleaned. The wheel or circular
brushes are arranged in pairs, one of each pair above and one below,
the spindles of the lower brushes being provided with cogs or teeth,
and being connected with the upper brushes by bands which pass over
their respective spindles. Arranged alternately with the wheel or
circular brushes, and at each end of the series, are pairs of carrying
rollers, the lower one of each pair being furnished with cogs or teeth
which gear into the cogs or teeth on the spindles of the lower wheel
or circular brushes. The upper carrying rollers are free to revolve on
their axes, the lower rollers being caused to rotate by means of any

page_text: suitable motive power. Upon motion being given to the lower roller at
one end of the machine the lower wheel or circular brush next in the
series is set in rotation, and by means of its band communicates a
similar motion, but in the contrary direction, to the upper wheel or
circular brush, the revolution of the entire series of rollers and wheel
or circular brushes being continued from one end of the machine to the
other in like manner. The respective wheel or circular brushes may be
of any desired degree of coarseness or fineness.. Above each pair of
brushes is a trough or hopper, through which bran or other suitable
cleansing material is allowed to pass to the brushes. The machine
having been set in motion, the plates which it is desired to cleanse are
passed between the rollers at one end, and by the revolution of the
respective pairs of rollers and brushes are carried between the same to
the other end of the series, whence they pass through the terminal
rollers in a perfectly cleansed state. The relative speed of the driving
rollers and the brushes is of course capable of being regulated by the
size and number of the cogs or teeth employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN GAUSE FABRICS MADE ON BOBBIN NET OR TWIST LACE MACHINES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Martin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
June 1870.
I, WILLIAM MARTIN, of the Town and County of the Town of
Nottingham, Mechanist, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN GAUSE FABRICS
MADE ON BOBBIN NET OR TWIST LACE MACHINES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows :-
According to this Invention woven gause fabrics are made on bobbin
net or twist lace machines (by preference "circular" machines). The
back comb bar of this machine is permanently fixed, but the front comb
bar I cause to traverse alternately one gate to the right and then one
gate to the left continuously, one or two wheels being placed at one
end of the machine to operate such comb bar. I also employ two.
guide bars to move the warp threads, which threads are supplied from
one warp beam.
The guide bars are moved by wheels at one end of
the machine and a spring is attached to the opposite end of each bar;
these wheels are attached to and operated by the machine, the wheels

page_text: being cut in such form as to allow the bobbin threads as they are
traversed to the right or left to pass alternately under one of the warp
threads and then over the next adjoining warp thread, thus producing
a woven gause fabric the fineness of which will depend upon the
thickness of the silk or cotton used and the closeness of the warp threads
to each other.
The fabric may also be made on the "Levers" machine by dividing
the bobbin carriages equally in the front and back combs and causing
each of the comb bars to be traversed as above mentioned for the
"circular" machine, the guide bars being also operated as before
mentioned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BELLS AND IN THE MODE OF HANGING SAME
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Boyd at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
January 1870. A communication from abroad by Auguste Laroije,
of 34, Rue du Progrès, Brussels.
I, ROBERT BOYD, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, of 67, Strand,
in the City of Westminster, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BELLS AND IN THE MODE OF
HANGING SAME," a communication from abroad by Auguste Laroije, of
34, Rue du Progrès, Brussels, to be as follows:-
These improvements have for their objects the rendering bells easier
to work or ring than heretofore, also the preventing in great measure
the shocks or concussions to the turrets or places in which they may be
worked, and consists in furnishing bells with clappers made in two
parts, one, the upper part, fixed or immoveable, the other, the lower part,
moveable but jointed or connected to the upper part; also in so hanging
or suspending bells by cranked axles or other suitable means in such
manner that the axes of support shall be a little above the horizontal
centre of such bells about midway between the rim and the top, as

page_text: viewed sideways, the axes of support having suitable journals supplied
with lubricants.
The improvements may conveniently be performed by making the
clapper stock of metal or other suitable material in two lengths, the
upper length at its upper part being fixed or fastened to the bell so as
to be immovable. The lower length furnished with the bob or striker
being jointed or connected at its upper part to the lower part of the
upper length, and the frame or tree carrying the axes of support may
be of metal, or of metal and wood combined; and the journals in which
the axes work may be similar to machine journals generally in use, or 1
modifications thereof adapted to the purpose.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF APPLYING MOISTURE AND HEAT, MEDICATED or OTHERWISE, TO THE ANIMAL FRAME
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Ford at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th June
1870.
I, ALFRED FORD, of No. 21, Elgin Crescent, in the Coy. of Mid-
dlesex, Surgeon, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF APPLYING MOISTURE AND HEAT, MEDICATED or
OTHERWISE, TO THE ANIMAL FRAME," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to provide an ever ready epithem or
fomenting pad, which, while it will enable surgeons and nurses to dis-
pense with the clumsy appliance of bread, linseed meal, and such like
materials, as poultices, in applying heat and moisture to the animal
frame, will effectually retain that moisture, and prevent the conduction
of that heat into the atmosphere, which are designed to be applied as
therapeutic agents, and which epithem being easily cleansed may be
repeatedly applied.
With this view I take sponge, torn or otherwise reduced into shreds
or small pieces, and by enclosing the same in a linen, or cotton, or other
suitable textile fabric case, I form a small pillow, mattress, or pad, and
by passing a few stitches through the same prevent the shifting of its

page_text: contents. I then affix this by means of an adhesive waterproof material,
such as india-rubber or gutta percha solution, or by some other suitable
means to a piece of waterproof sheeting or cloth of a sufficient size to
overlap the pillow, mattress, or pad in such a way as, when it has been
moistened and is in situ, the edges of the overlap by clinging to the
surface of the body shall effectually exclude the air from getting to the
pad, and the moisture from getting out of it by the sides or upper
surface. Although I prefer sponge I may occasionally use cotton, wool,
paper in a fine state of division, or some other absorbing material; and I
may, although I prefer to make my epithem in the manner herein
described, sometimes make the waterproof material from one side of the
epithem itself, instead of affixing the latter to a separate piece, or may
otherwise vary the method of making my said epithem, provided always,
I retain within it an absorbing material capable of holding heat and
moisture, a free surface for transmitting the same to the surface of the
body, a waterproof surface capable of resisting evaporation, retaining
heat, and excluding air, and an overlapping edge which when moistened
'prevents the ingress of air to the moistened epithem.
AN IMPROVED WATER METER, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Armand Gilbee at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th November 1870.-A communication from abroad by Jules
Oury, of Blois, in the Empire of France.
I, WILLIAM ARMAND GILBEE, of the General Patent Office, 4, South
Street, Finsbury, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED WATER METER,
PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows, that
is to say:-
-
This Invention consists in an improved apparatus for measuring liquids,
and consists of a chamber containing a moveable partition of india-rubber
or other analogous material. The water raises and lowers alternately
this partition, the oscillations of which being transmitted to the exterior
by means of a rod are counted in the ordinary way. The reversal of the
direction of movement of the water is effected by a spring distribution.
A tube provided with two stoppers and supported by slides opens and
closes alternately the inlet and outlet holes. When the water enters on
one side it presses on the moveable partition which expels the water
placed on the other side. The motion of the partition by means of
oscillating levers contracts a spring which in distending suddenly when

page_text: .
the partition arrives at the end of its stroke changes the position of the
stopper tube, and thus changing the ingress or egress of the liquid
inverts the direction of the movement of the water in the meter. The
moveable partition then returns on itself, and so on successively. When
the pressure is great the rod which transmits the oscillations of the
moveable partition also produces a certain amount of motive power.
The application of the spring to changing the position of the dis-
tributing mechanism may also be employed in steam and water engines.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR WRINGING AND MANGLING WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1870

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection only.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Silas Schofield and Alfred
Schofield at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 1st December 1870.
We, SILAS SCHOFIELD and ALFRED SCHOFIELD, both of Ashton-under-
Lyne, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of our
said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM OR APPARATUS
TO BE EMPLOYED FOR WRINGING AND MANGLING WOVEN FABRICS," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention is designed for the purpose of wringing and mangling
clothes by a novel and peculiar contrivance of adjustable springs in con-
nection with the expressing rolls that will cause them to admit different
bulks of material between, and at the same time exert an equal and
constant pressure thereupon.
The improvements consist in supporting the axle of the bottom roller
upon an adjustable framing that can be readily secured to the tub or
other vessel containing the clothes to be operated upon. The upper roller
is maintained in position and forcibly kept in contact with the under
roller through the medium of strong elliptic or bow springs, the ter-
minations of which form claws that fit on to the axles of the under and

page_text: upper roller in a manner that causes the surfaces of the rollers to be
forcibly pressed into contact with each other, and at the same time allows
them to open and close according to the size or bulk of article passing
between them, and upon which through the medium of the elliptic springs
an equal and constant pressure is maintained, enabling the rollers thereby
to adjust themselves to and perform the work required of them with ease
and facility. Pressure rollers made of india-rubber we prefer to be
employed in connection with our arrangement of self-adjusting elliptic
springs.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM AND GAS ENGINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isham Baggs at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
September 1870.
I, ISHAM BAGGS, of High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex,
Scientific Chemist and Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM AND GAS ENGINES," to be as
follows:
My Invention consists in applying the power of steam or gas, directly
or indirectly, to a screw or screws, or to a curved inclined surface or
surfaces of any description, to produce circular motion. The main or
other shaft of the engine is furnished with a screw upon its periphery,
and a roller or inclined surface actuated by the steam or gas presses
upon the thread of the screw and causes its revolution. A right and
left handed screw are placed on the same axis, to produce a continued
uniformity of motion from a reciprocating force. Or the shaft may be
worked by a single screw through the medium of two inclined planes
or surfaces placed on opposite sides of the shaft, and alternately pressing
or rolling thereon through the medium of suitable machinery. The
motion to produce this result may be otherwise modified.

page_text: 2rd. In applying the expansive power of steam or gas to engines
constructed on the above principle, either by means of two consecutive
working cylinders, or by a single cylinder with a differential piston
surface, as well understood.
3rd. In the application to such engines of a variable cut off by means
of two excentrics working independently of each other, one excentric
being capable of opening and closing the ports at the proper and ordinary
periods, and the other excentric, which is capable of adjustment, of
regulating the cut off.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR DRYING, CLEARING, SMOOTHING, STRETCHING, AND LUSTREING OR GLOSSING YARN OR THREAD IN THE HANK OR SKEIN
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Gallimore at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on tho
22nd March 1870.
I, WILLIAM GALLIMORE, of Leck, in the County of Stafford, Silk
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR DRYING, CLEARING, SMOOTHING,
STRETCHING, AND LUSTREING OR GLOSSING YARN OR THREAD IN THE HANK OR
SKEIN," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to dry, clear, smooth, and lustre or
gloss yarn and thread, by the combined action of friction and heat, by
mechanism, instead of pegging, twisting, and stretching the yarn or
thread and drying in an ordinary drying room, as now customary. In
performing my invention I make use of two chambers, heated by steam
or otherwise, one placed over the other, the top one is fastened to four
upright pillars, the bottom one is loose, and is moved up and down by an
ordinary screw or any other lifting power; between the two chambers
are two shafts one at each end of the chambers, one shaft is turned round
by power and the other is carried round by the yarn or thread to be

page_text: operated upon, it is connected with two iron rods, and cross bar, with an
ordinary screw and wheel attached. I also place two other shafts between
the chambers, one is attached to the top chamber and the other to the
bottom chamber, these shafts have a separate rotary movement imparted
to them. I also employ two other shafts covered with cotton or other
yielding substance, one attached to the bottom chamber and the other to
the top chamber, these shafts do not revolve. The yarn or thread in the
hank or skein is placed on the shafts, the bottom chamber is brought up
to the top one, the screw at the end of the chamber is tightened and
the turning power is applied to the end shaft; by this means pressure is
put upon the yarn or thread and causes the loose fibres to be drawn by
the cotton or other substance one way, the revolving shafts turn in the
contrary direction and the loose fibres fly off, thereby clearing, smoothing,
and lustreing or glossing the yarn or thread; the cotton or other sub-
stance also clears the yarn or thread from moisture.
My invention may be modified by giving a horizontal movement to
one or more additional shafts connected to those above described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MORSE TELEGRAPH PRINTING APPARATUS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Alexander Novare at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, ou
the 5th July 1870.
I, ROBERT ALEXANDER NOVARE, of King's Square, Goswell Road, in
the County of Middlesex, Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MORSE TELEGRAPH PRINTING
APPARATUS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
The object of my Invention is to transmit messages with greater
rapidity, with less labor, and for facilitating their reading off, and it
consists in an improved construction of armature of the electro-magnet,
videlicet, the style is composed of two separate parts or styles, one
presenting a smaller surface than the other: One of the styles is used
to form dots, and the two parts combined serve to make the dashes.
These styles are so adjusted that the smaller one can move up and down
on the other either on the sides or in the centre. A spring is used to
keep the smaller style elevated above the other, and is only brought
level with the larger style when the armature is affected by the larger
of the two local batteries employed. The smaller style terminates in a

page_text: point, the larger in a circular or horizontal surface, as desired. The
armature contains regulating springs.
For working this improved armature the ordinary reversed current
transmitting key is employed. This key acts upon the relay of the
distant station, which according to the current affecting it closes the 5
circuit of the larger or smaller local battery.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PRODUCING SURFACES BY THE AID OF PHOTOGRAPHY
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Bentley Woodbury at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th February 1870.
I, WALTER BENTLEY WOODBURY, of Craven Cottage, Fulham, in the
County of Middlesex, Photographer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PRODUCING SURFACES BY
THE AID OF PHOTOGRAPHY," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist, firstly, in the combination of a gelatine
relief produced photographically by well known means from a negative
of a sketch, design, or drawing in black and white, and the obtaining.
therefrom a reverse in any soft metal by hydraulic, screw, or other
pressure, to be afterwards used as an engraved plate for printing from in
fatty opaque inks as in the present method of engraving. If necessary
an electrotype may afterwards be made from the soft metal plate.
Secondly. In an improved method of obtaining a granular surface
such as would give an ink holding ground where the negative possesses.
merely gradations of light and shade; this I accomplish by means of
mixing with the gelatine and bichromate (instead of colour in a fine
state of subdivision as used in the carbon process) n. coarse granular
-

page_text: substance or powder of the same description. This will produce a
relief having the necessary qualities for producing such ink holding
ground. In some cases I partially dry the gelatine relief and dust
over it a coarse powder such as emery, which while the relief is in that
state will adhere only to the portions representing the dark portions of
the design, and will consequently give to the plate pressed therefrom a
corresponding granular effect, which is usually wanting in such plates
as now prepared, but which is necessary to a successful result.
The third part of my Invention consists in an improved method of
producing direct from the gelatine relief itself by pressure in contact
with other substances, such as cardboard, leather, papier maché, paper,
&c., designs on these materials and in the particular method of preparing
such gelatine reliefs, which is done as follows:-A film of gelatine colour
and bichromate is exposed under a photographic negative or positive,
and the exposed side is brought into contact with a sheet of copper,
steel, or zinc under water, and the two surfaces pressed in close contact
to exclude the water. It is then placed in hot water, which will remove
the greater portion of the gelatine, and then dried; this plate when.
passed in a press will reproduce the design on the cardboard, leather,
or other substance, and where paper is pressed in contact therewith
will produce a design similar to that known as a water mark.
A WRAPPER FOR POSTAL AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Parkins, Henry Gotto,
and Henry Gaisford Gotto at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 8th December 1870.
We, WILLIAM PARKINS, HENRY GOTTO, and HENRY GAISFORD GOTTO,
Stationers, of 25, Oxford Street, London, trading under the names of
Parkins and Gotto, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A WRAPPER FOR POSTAL AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a new and improved wrapper for postal and
other purposes, so as to render the contents secure against falling or
slipping out, at the same time not infringing the postal regulations, "in
a cover open at both ends, and so as to admit of the contents being
withdrawn for examination. This is effected by cutting two semi-
circular or any other shaped tabs in the body of wrapper toward the
sides, so that the enclosure may pass under as shown in diagrams,
and thus allowing the contents to be removed, examined, & replaced
without destroying the wrapper.
Year: 1870

page_text: No. 2 being prepared in a similar manner as No. 1, a small proportion
of sulphur will be used instead of ferrocyanide of potassa. These com-
pounds as here explained under No. 1 and No. 2 consisting of dry salts
in a pulverized form in two distinct Parts A. and B. are not explosive
per se, and perfectly safe until mixed for use. When mixing for use
I propose using about % of A. & of B. With the view to obtain
the maximum of expansible gases it is required that the bitartar of
potassa and the ferrocyanide of potassa be prepared by expelling the
water of crystallisation contained in these salts.
I claime the originality of this my Invention by introducing the
bitartar, of potassa and combining the same with the ferrocyanide of
potassa.
I also claim the treatment by calcination of the aforesaid two salts for
the object in view.
•
Further I claim the Invention of producing the explosive compound:
No. 1 not containing any sulphur, and that of No. 2 being prepared
with sulphur instead of ferrocyanide of potassa.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PILL-MAKING MACHINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lawrence Gardner and Thomas
Bushby at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 31st May 1870.
We, LAWRENCE GARDNER, of the City of Manchester, Machinist,
and THOMAS BUSHBY, of the same Place, Chemist, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PILL-MAKING
MACHINES," to be as follows:-
These improvements relate to that class of pill-making machine in
which a grooved roller is used working in close contact with a grooved
segmental stationary plate, and consist in mounting the grooved roller
at the extremity of a spindle and not between bearings as hitherto
practised. The segmental cylindrical plate in this case is affixed upon
a sleeve working concentric with the grooved roller and by means of an
eccentric or cam has a reciprocating circular motion imparted to it.
The ordinary knife for cutting the mass into strips is dispensed with
in this arrangement, and the front edge of the segmental cylindrical
plate forms the knife by being sharpened or brought to a cutting edge
for the purpose. The grooved roller is flattened at that part of its
circumference where the cutting off is performed, and is there indented

page_text: or serrated transversely across so as to ensure the strip cut off from the
mass being taken forward under the segmental cylindrical plate, which
is also indented or serrated near its mouth or knife edge to ensure a
revolving motion being imparted to the strip. The reciprocating
motion of the segmental cylindrical plate is found advantageous in
forming the pills more perfectly and in preventing them sticking in the
grooves.
A machine constructed according to this Invention may be made with
a change of rollers and segmental cylindrical plates in order to manu-
facture different sizes of pills, and the rollers for rolling the mass
previous to passing it through the machine may be arranged on the top
of the same framework.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UPRIGHT PIANOFORTE ACTIONS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Brockbank at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th March 1870.
I, GEORGE HENRY BROCKBANK, of 40, Great College Street, Camden
Town, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN UPRIGHT PIANOFORTE ACTIONS," to be
as follows:
This Invention has for its object improvements in upright pianoforte.
actions. I arrange a lever to rest directly upon the finger key and to
take its motion therefrom. The lever is jointed at the back to a lever rail
and it bears on the head of an adjusting screw inserted into the finger
key, a piece of cloth being interposed to prevent jar and noise. On the
lever the sticker rests, which transmits the motion of the key and lever
to the hammer butt and hammer. The sticker is at its upper end pin
jointed or centred to the hammer butt, and at its lower end, where it rests
on the lever, an incline or step covered with leather is provided, in order
that when the blow has been struck by the hammer upon the string it
may escape and allow the hammer to leave the string sufficiently to

page_text: permit its free vibration. The sticker is connected by a light coiled.
spring with an arm upon the front end of the lever, and this spring as
the finger key rises after it has been put down draws the sticker to the
top of the incline or step upon the lever. When the finger key is put
down, an adjustable button, also carried by the arm of the lever, strikes t
the sticker near its lower end and pushes it down the incline or step on
the lever, so that the hammer may not be blocked against the string.
The same arrangements are repeated in connection with each finger key.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES FOR STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Moorhouse at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
February 1870.
I, SAMUEL MOORHOUSE, of Brinksway Bank, in the County of Chester,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES FOR STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the furnaces employed in steam boilers with
single or double internal tubular flues, and the objects of the Invention
are to obtain a greater amount of heating surface than hitherto with a
given diameter of flue, and to prevent or consume the smoke.
In carrying out my Invention I leave the central fire-bars in about
the ordinary position or raise them slightly higher than usual, this
central part for (say) about eight inches being level, and I cause the
fire-bars on each side of this level part to slope downwards towards the
sides of the flue so that the lowest fire-bars which are at the sides of the
flue are considerably lower than the ordinary level of the fire-bars. By
these means a larger portion than usual of the interior surface of the
flue is exposed to the action of the fire and hence an increased heating
surface is obtained. The arrangement of the fire-bars also highest at the

page_text: centre and gradually lower towards the sides is found greatly to assist
the combustion, and to prevent or consume the smoke, the fresh fuel
being always placed on the central raised part whilst the fire at the sides
is always clear. To support the fire-bars in this position I make the
cross bearers of a suitable form, that is, level in the centre and descend-
ing gradually by steps towards the sides, and (by preference) I place two
fire-bars on each step, each pair of fire-bars being cast together or in
one piece, but this is not essential. It will also be evident that a similar
effect might be obtained by arranging the bars in the form of a curve
or arch, but I prefer the arrangement above described. In order-also-to-
further assist the consumption of the smoke I place a small damper or
valve at the back of the bars and in front of the bridge, which may be
opened or closed as required by means of a rod which passes forward to
the front so as to regulate the admission of air to the fire in front of the
bridge.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF APPLYING MOISTURE AND HEAT, MEDICATED OR OTHERWISE, TO THE ANIMAL FRAME
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Ford at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th December
1870.
I, ALFRED FORD, of 21, Elgin Crescent, in the County of Middlesex,
Surgeon, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF APPLYING MOISTURE AND HEAT, MEDICATED OR OTHERWISE,
TO THE ANIMAL FRAME," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to provide an ever ready epithem or
fomenting pad, which, whilst it will enable surgeons, nurses, and others
to dispense with the clumsy appliances known as bread and water,
linseed meal, and such like poultices, will effectually enable them to
apply moisture and heat to the surface of the body, and to retain the
same in apposition with such surface for a much longer time than is
at present possible, thereby rendering frequently repeated poultices
unnecessary, and supplying an appliance which can be washed as a
common sponge, and used over and over again. With this view I take
sponge, torn or otherwise reduced into shreds or small pieces, and by
enclosing such shreds or pieces in a linen or cotton, or other suitable

page_text: textile fabric, I form a small pillow, mattress, or pad by passing a few
stiches through the same, so as to prevent the shifting of its contents,
and I then fix the same by means of adhesive waterproof solution, or
by some other suitable means, to a sheet of waterproof cloth of sufficient
size to overlap the pillow, mattress, or pad in such a way that when it
has been moistened and is in situ shall effectually prevent the air from
getting to the pad, and the moisture and heat from getting out of it.
Although I prefer sponge I may occasionally use cotton, wool, paper
shavings, or some other absorbing substance, and I may, although I
prefer to make my epithem or fomenting pad in the way I have
described, sometimes make the waterproof material form one side of
the pad itself, instead of the pad being made separately and subsequently
affixed to it, as described, or I may otherwise vary the method of making
my said epithem, provided always I retain within it an absorbing
material capable of holding moisture and heat, a free surface for trans-
mitting the same to the part to which it may be applied, and a water-
proof surface capable of preventing evaporation, retaining heat, and
excluding air, and which by being larger than the pad will possess an
overlapping edge capable when moistened of clinging closely to the
surface of the body and preventing the ingress of the external air to
the edges of the warm and moistened pad, or to the surface to which it
is applied.
IMPROVE. MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WHEEL TYRES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Gray at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd March
1870.
I, DANIEL GRAY, of Wishaw, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WHEEL TYRES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention, which relates to a new arrangement and construction
of mechanism to be employed in the manufacture of tyres for wheels,
whereby these tyres are formed in a more efficient manner and in a
shorter space of time than by existing arrangements, consists in attaching
a bending and welding apparatus to one end of an iron rolling mill of
the ordinary construction.
This apparatus consists of a pair of rolls, the surfaces of which are
grooved to correspond with the form of the tyre desired, and which rolls
are situated on the same shaft and actuated by the same driving
mechanism as the rolls employed in rolling the iron. The upper bending
roll is so arranged that it may be raised in order to introduce the iron to

page_text: be bent, and also to remove the tyre when finished by an eccentric lever
or its equivalent attached to the shaft of the roll. In order that this
raising of the upper bending roll may be the more easily accomplished
the bearing block which supports the shaft of the upper bending roll
(on which shaft is also situated the upper roll of the rolling mill) at the
opposite end of the framing is formed with a short journal at each end
supported in suitable bearings in the framing; by this means the bearing
block is caused to oscillate on actuating the eccentric lever at the other
end of the shaft. On either side of the bending roll small rollers are
placed, which rollers act as guides to the tyre being formed, and also
serve to regulate the diameter of the tyre, these being adjustable by
means of screws. The rolls are actuated by means of spur wheels and
other driving mechanism situated at the opposite end of the framing
to the bending rolls, which mechanism may be thrown in and out of
gear by means of suitable clutches placed on the shafts of the rolls for
that purpose.
.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CONSUMING; SMOKE AND ECONOMIZING FUEL IN STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Botterill and Jolin Botterill,
the younger, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 12th February 1870.
We, JOHN BOTTERILL and JOHN BOTTERILL, the younger, both of
Leeds, in the County of York, Dyers and Chemists, do hereby declaro
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CONSUMING;
SMOKE AND ECONOMIZING FUEL IN STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES," to bo
as follows:
The object of this Invention is to prevent the evolution of smoke from
the flues of steam boiler furnaces and effect an economy of fuel therein
by causing the smoke and unconsumed combustible gases arising from
the fuel to be brought in contact with red hot or highly heated surfaces
heated by a small supplementary fire.
In carrying out our Invention in connection with a waggon or Cornish
-boiler-we-cause-the-smoke_and_gases after passing to the extreme end of
the boiler to return back along the sides and then pass down into a flue
beneath, in which is constructed an arch or plate of iron or fire-brick
which is kept in a highly heated state by a fire beneath. The flame
from this fire after heating the iron or brick arch is deflected upwards

page_text: by a bridge and made to commingle with such gases from the furnace as
have passed unconsumed into the long flue below the boiler. The effect
of this will be that all these gases will be completely consumed and a
very considerable economy of fuel, or we would rather say a more
advantageous and economical use of the fuel will be the result.
Improve- MENTS IN SPECULA for Surgical PURPOSES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Mayer at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th April
1870.
I, JOSEPH MAYER, of the Firm of Mayer and Meltzer, of No. 59,
Great Portland Street, in the County of Middlesex, Surgical Instrument
Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Improve-
MENTS IN SPECULA for Surgical PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The object of the Invention is to facilitate the opening for inspection
of the vagina, as well as the rectum. For this purpose the base of the
instrument may be of the "duck bill" form, or in two or more parts
connected to or forming parts of the outer or base plate. At the outer
ends or edges of this plate are supported the axes of lever arms, one on
each side, which by being bent inwards form opening parts or valves,
one on each side, to act on insertion in opening the passage. These
lever arms are acted upon by links which are acted upon by finger
levers when in use for opening, and when the opening is effected to the
extent desired the links may be set to keep the passage open by a set
screw.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Brooks, George Harrison,
and John Wardle at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 8th March 1870.
We, SAMUEL BROOKS, of the Union Ironworks, West Gorton, near
the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker,
GEORGE HARRISON, of the same Place, Foreman, and JOHN WARDLE, of
Leigh, near Manchester, aforesaid, Spinner and Doubler, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING," to be as follows:-
-Our Invention consists of an improved arrangement of the spindles
and flyers of spinning and doubling frames, and in the mode of driving
the flyers. In performing our Invention we make use of a dead spindle,
the foot of which is secured in a rail which is moved up and down by a
heart motion or other equivalent. To the spindle is fixed a disc on which
the bobbin rests, a washer of flannel or other material being placed
between the bobbin and the disc if required to give the drag. The
spindle passes through a tube fixed in the bolster rail which is stationary,
and upon this bush is a wharve to which an inverted flyer is fixed.
By this arrangement the flyer may be driven at a greatly increased

page_text: velocity without vibration, the power is reduced, a greater quantity
of yarn can be wound on the bobbin, and the doffing is effected in much
less time than usual. In some cases a button may be fixed to the
top of the spindle to prevent the yarn coming in contact with the
bobbin head.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRESERVATION OF MEAT AND OTHER ANIMAL MATTERS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th December 1870.-A communication from abroad by Eugene
Pelouze, of the City of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRESERVATION OF MEAT AND OTHER
ANIMAL MATTERS," a communication to me from abroad by Eugene
Pelouze, of the City of Paris, in the Empire of France, to be as
follows:
This Invention consists in preserving meat and other animal matters
by impregnating these substances at the temperature, by preference,
of the surrounding atmosphere, and under a slight degree of pressure,
with carbonic oxide or with a gaseous mixture rich in carbonic oxide.
When the animal matters have been well impregnated with carbonic
oxide, under the influence of a pressure which will allow of this result
being rapidly and completely obtained, they are to be submitted to a
strong current of air obtained by a fan or any well-known means, in

page_text: order to drive off the excess of humidity, which would prove injurious.
It is preferable to conduct all these operations at a low temperature,
rather than at an elevated one, as by this' means the coagulation of the
albuminous matter is avoided, and it will remain in a preferable
condition for assimilation, whilst at the same time the appearance of
the meat is improved. By this means products are obtained greatly
superior to those obtained by the ordinary process of smoking, without
any of the inconveniences of this process. These products may, accord-
ing to the degree to which they are desiccated, be kept in the open air
or in boxes, and may be either covered with fatty matters, or packed
in carbonic oxide gas.