Year: 1896

page_text: We, THE LINOTYPE COMPANY, LIMITED, of No. 188 Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Sole Proprietors and Manufacturers, Vendors and Licensors under the
Linotype Patents, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has in view the casting of linotype or type-bars adapted for printing
purposes, from previously assembled lines of matrices.
We prefer to make use of matrices each bearing a single letter or character, and to
assemble these matrices in the order in which their characters are to appear in print,
in a series of parallel lines without justification; or we may employ lines which have
been assembled or justified in advance by a composing mechanism of any suitable
character independent of the present mechanism.
In the preferred form of embodiment the invention embraces a machine adapted to
receive a series of parallel composed lines of matrices, and to transfer the lines
successively to the face of a mould which is automatically supplied with molten
metal, plastic material or other suitable material, to produce the linotype with letters
in relief thereon. After the casting operation, each line of matrices is transferred to
a galley or holder, and is followed in regular course by the next line. Provision is
made for delivering the linotypes from the mould, dressing or finishing them to the
required size, and assembling them in a galley or holder.
The machine also embraces a series of justifying devices, by which the successive
lines are automatically justified while presented to the mould. It is to be understood,
however that this justifying mechanism may be replaced in the present organization
by any equivalent mechanism, which would effect the justification of the lines, or
omitted, if the lines are received from the composing mechanism in a justified
condition.
The main frame, may be of any form and construction adapted to give support to
the various operative parts hereinafter described. A horizontal driving shaft, is
mounted in bearings in the frame, and provided at one end with driving pulleys and
also with various cams and wheels hereinafter described, by which motion is imparted
to all the leading parts of the machine.
Two galleys provided with parallel grooves, each adapted to receive a composed line
of type matrices, are arranged side by side, each matrix having a single character in
its lower end.
One galley D is intended to receive the lines of matrices from a suitable composing
mechanism, and after being filled, is applied to the machine and arranged to slide on
suitable guides or supports. The other galley is intended to receive the lines from
the first named galley, after they have passed the intermediate casting mechanism,
and to this end the second galley is arranged to slide on guides parallel with those
first named.
The galleys are provided on their under sides with ratchet teeth and are actuated
respectively by two pawls by which they are moved, step by step, in reverse directions,

page_text: so as to bring their successive grooves opposite each other, that the lines of matrices
may be transferred endwise from one to the other, as will be presently explained.
The pawl of the first mentioned galley is carried by an arın on the upper end of a
shaft carrying an arm which acts against the cam face on the side of one of the
wheels on the main shaft. That of the second one is actuated in a similar manner by
a lever actuated at its lower end by a cam on the side face of a wheel. Both pawls
are pulled backward by springs connected with their actuating levers.
Between the two galleys is mounted a transverse guide or holder slotted in such
manner that a line of matrices may be pushed out of one galley into position therein
over the casting device, and finally transferred by a continuation of the movement
from the guide into the second galley, this transfer being effected, by a horizontal
reciprocating carrier consisting of two heads drawn together by a spiral spring in order
that they may confine the line of matrices between them.
The carrier is first moved to the left, and the galley advanced endwise, so as to
present the line of matrices between the two heads of the carrier, which is then
inoved to the right, to a position intermediate of the galleys, where it remains until
the completion of the casting action, after which the carrier continues its movement
to the right, transferring the line of matrices to the second galley. The galley then
advances endwise, moving the matrices out of the carrier which then returns to its
original position at the left in order to receive another line from the first galley.
The carrier is connected by a link to one end of an arm on a vertical shaft. sented
in the main frame and provided at its lower end with an arm, acting against the side-
face of a cam wheel on the main shaft, a spring being connected with the last
mentioned arm, to throw the parts in the reverse direction from that in which they
are moved by the cam. In order to effect the separation of the two heads of the
carrier, the said link is connected to the one on the left, while the one on the right is
arranged to encounter a step or shoulder. When, therefore, the carrier is moved over
to the left to receive a new line, the head to which the link is connected will continue
its motion slightly after the other has stopped, due to the yielding of the spring, and
thus the space between the heads will be increased and the free entrance of the
matrix line between them, permitted. The mechanical separation of the heads,
however, is not an essential feature, as the line may be crowded between them if they
are slightly rounded or bevelled. When the carrier is at the right and in position to
have the matrices removed by the movement of the second galley, it is not necessary
to mechanically separate the heads which confine the line, as the movement of the
galley will carry the matrices out of the carrier without difficulty.
The intermediate yoke or guide overlies the inner ends of the two tables located at
the top of the frame, and mounted each on a transverse horizontal axis, so that their
inner ends may be moved upward and downward to a limited extent. The guide is
fixed to one table section and connected to the other by a link, whereby they are
caused to rise and fall in unison. Springs extending downward from the outer ends
of the table section to the main frame, give the inner ends of the sections with the
guide thereon, a constant tendency to rise but their depression is effected at proper
times by the downward pressure of an overlying arm mounted on a horizontal axis on
the main frame, its lower end being continued downward and acted upon by the roller
in one end of a lever which is mounted in the main frame on a shaft and provided
with a roller riding on the surface of cam on the main shaft, this lever and cain
acting at the proper time to depress the upper end of the overlying arm aforesaid.
Beneath the said guide is located a hollow mould cylinder sustained at one end by
the horizontal journal mounted in a bearing post, which is secured by a bolt in a slot
in the main frame, this arrangement permitting the mould to be moved backward
and forward, away from its operative position, in order to give access to its various
parts when they are to be adjusted. The mould cylinder is closed and sustained at
one end only. It is provided at equal distances apart, with four longitudinal slots, to
receive the moulds proper. The cylinder thus arranged serves as a carrier for four
moulds, which are presented successively to the casting mechanism, mechanism for

page_text: trimming the base of the linotype, and mechanism for ejecting the linotype into the
galley.
Each mould consists of two parallel bars or plates, separated at the outer ends by
intermediate plates, known as liners. The liners at the inner ends of the moulds may
be secured by screws passing through the several parts, or in any other suitable
manner. Each mould is shouldered along its outer sides, and is inserted endwise in
its place in the cylinder, and confined at the open end of the cylinder by an internal
plate held in turn at its ends by screws inserted through the cylinder. By tightening
these screws, the mould may be secured firmly in place in the cylinder. When in
place, the mould presents a slot or opening of the exact dimensions of the required
slug or linotype, this opening extending through radially from the outside to the
inside of the cylinder.
In order to permit the length of the line to be varied, the liners at one end of the
mould are made adjustable. Each plate is provided with a rib adapted to enter either
of a series of grooves in the inside of the cylinder, whereby the plate is locked
accurately in position and prevented from shifting sidewise. The plate is also provided
with one or more projections adapted to enter notches in the liner whereby the liner
is in turn held in place. The construction above described admits not only of each
mould being varied in length, but also of the moulds being readily removed and
replaced by those of different size, that is to say, those adapted to produce linotype.
bodies of different thicknesses.
The mould cylinder is located immediately beneath the guide above mentioned
and the inner ends of the table, so that when the said parts are depressed as above
described, the tables will fit down closely upon the upper surface of the mould, and
confining the matrices between them, present the line of matrix characters against
and across the outer side of that mould-which, for the time being, is at the top of
the cylinder.
For the purpose of supplying molten metal to the mould presented to the
matrices, we provide a melting pot, mounted on a horizontal shaft and provided
with a long delivery spont or mouth which is projected within the lower end of
the mould cylinder and adapted to close up tightly against the underside of the
mould. This delivery mouth is provided with a slit or series of openings through
which metal may be delivered in an upward direction into the mould, throughout
its entire length at one operation.
The delivery is effected by a pump plunger mounted in a cylinder formed in the
pot, and adapted to pass downward over an opening through which the metal enters
the cylinder, this arrangement causing the piston to deliver the metal positively and
forcibly into the mould and against the matrix characters at the top the result being
the production of a linotype bearing on its upper edge in relief all the characters
represented by the matrices.
The pump plunger is operated by a lever mounted on a shaft and depressed by a
spring connected with the main frame. The elevation of the lever and plunger is
effected by a cam mounted on the main shaft and acting against a roller on the lower
end of the said lever.
The pot is thrown upward and downward, to and from the mould, by means of an
arm rigidly fixed to the pot and extending downward, subject to the action of a roller
on the roller ended lever before mentioned. The rollers for operating respectively
the overlying arm aforesaid and the pot-arm, are situated between said inembers and
against each other, and have their journals arranged to ride in slots in sides of the
roller-ended lever above described. This arrangement admits of the rollers acting
smoothly and with minimum friction.
After each casting operation, the mould cylinder makes one quarter of a revolution
in order to present the next mould in its turn at the casting point and also to carry
the inould sustaining the linotype, forward. This rotation of the mould cylinder
may be effected in any suitable manner. According to one method, the journal of
the mould cylinder is provided with a gear wheel engaging a bevelled pinion on a
shaft mounted in the main frame and provided at the lower end with a pinion which

page_text: receives an intermitting rotation from segmental gear formed on one of the cam
wheels on the main shaft.
In order that the linotype may be of uniform height, we provide for trimming
their bases before they are delivered from the mould. This is effected by a knife
arranged to travel lengthwise of the mould. This knife is adapted to a slide,
arranged to travel to and fro in a guiding bracket which is sustained on the frame
and projects into the open end of the mould cylinder. When the mould has advanced
from the casting point to a position in which it presents the base of the linotype in
front of the knife, the latter advances, travelling across the base of the linotype and
planing or dressing the same down flush with the inner face of the mould, the latter
determining the height of the linotype. The movement of the knife is effected by
a link connected to a lever, which is mounted on a rock-shaft in the base of the
frame and drawn backward by a spring. Its forward motion is effected by an arm
on a shaft carrying a roller which travels against a cam on the main shaft.
After the linotype has thus been dressed to height, the next movement of the
mould cylinder carries the mould to the underside where the linotype is to be
ejected. This ejection is effected by a plate mounted in vertical guides, and operated
by an intermediate link from an arm on a rock-shaft which is provided with an arın
having at its lower end, a roller which travels against the side face of a cam wheel on the
main shaft, the return or rising movement being effected by a spring. The ejector
rock-shaft is supported in bearings on the previously mentioned arm or bracket which
sustains the slide of the trimming knife.
As the ejector drives the linotypes out of the successive moulds in a downward
direction, they fall into a galley or receiver fixed in the main-frame and provided
with a sliding block or resistant, whereby the linotypes are held in an upright
position as the column is advanced by a vibrating finger, which acts against the face
of each linotype as soon as it has entered the galley, the column being thus advanced
step by step in order to afford room for the entrance of the incoming linotypes. The
finger is mounted on a horizontal rock-shaft having an arm with a roller riding on
the surface of a cam on the main shaft, this being the same cam which carries the
gear teeth for rotating the moulds.
Having now described the means by which the lines are presented to the mould,
the casting effected, and the matrices and linotypes delivered, we will describe the
nature of the mechanism for justifying ench line of matrices as it is delivered in
position over the mould.
The unjustified lines will, of course, be somewhat shorter than the line of print
demanded, and it is therefore necessary to increase the blank spaces in the line
between the matrices, in order to elongate the same, this being technically known as
the "justification." This justification is effected by means of long space-bars, each
increasing in thickness step by step from one end towards the other, the bars being
moved into or through the line of matrices, preferably from opposite sides, until the
thickness of their portions in the line is sufficient to effect justification.
Each advance of the stepped spaces will add a definite length to the line, the
increase depending upon the number of spaces which chance to be used in the line.
It will sometimes happen that the space remaining to be filled is not so great as that
which would be added by advancing all the spaces in the line step by step, and
consequently such advance would be impossible. It is therefore necessary to provide
for a final advancement of only one or two of the spaces. To this end we have
devised a mechanism by which the spaces are operated not only in series in the first
instance, but individually at the finish, as circumstances may demand. This
mechanism includes a series of long justifying plates, made of steel or equivalent
material, each increasing in thickness step by step from the forward end rearward.
In other words, each bar presents at the end a thin portion with parallel surfaces,
then a thicker portion also with parallel surfaces, and so on step by step for a
considerable portion of its length, each section or portion being connected to the
next by an intermediate inclined surface, by which the matrices are spread apart step
by step as the bars are advanced endwise into the line.

page_text: There are two series of these justifying bars overlying the respective tables above
described, with their thinner ends presented towards each other, on opposite sides of
the point at which the line of matrices is introduced above the mould. The bars on
the left side of the machine are all connected by vertical pivots to a slide by which
they may be moved endwise. On the opposite side of the machine, the bars are
grouped in pairs and connected in like manner by vertical pivots to three slides
which have a limited independent motion for purposes hereinafter explained.
It will be perceived that when a line of matrices is brought to the casting position,
it will stand between the ends of the two series of spaces, so that the latter, being
first swung around their vertical pivots to bring their ends to the proper positions,
may thereafter be advanced by the slides endwise through the line of matrices from
opposite sides, so as to spread the line out to the predetermined length, between the
heads by which the length of the line is determined, the heads being in turn
provided with shoulders, which interlock with the shoulders on the mould to limit
the extension of the line. The outer or forward ends of the spaces are flexible or
elastic to a limited extent, so that they may be thrust squarely through the line,
although their outer or rear ends are out of line with, that is to say to one side of,
the active portion between the matrices. Springs serve to draw the ends of all the
spaces together in a compact group at one side of the table, previous to the
introduction of the matrix line endwise between them to the casting position.
As the spaces in the succeeding lines of matrices will differ in location and in
number, it is necessary to provide means for quickly adjusting the ends of the
required space-bars laterally to the proper points for entry into the line. This is
effected by giving the space-bars in each group different forms at their ends, the
ends being shouldered or cut away so as to present tongues of different vertical
widths. For use with the matrices, we provide groups of selecting plates. These
plates are of the same general form and size as the matrices, except that on one edge
they are adapted to protrude beyond the line of the matrices when set in place.
therein.
These plates are inserted in the lines of matrices at the points where spaces are
to occur during the course of composition, or if preferred at any subsequent period
previous to the time of justification. We commonly introduce them mechanically
during the composition of the matrix line, so that when the composed lines are
received in the galley of the present machine, the selecting plates are in place
therein.
Each selecting plate has its protruding edge cut away in a peculiar or distinctive
The form of the plates at the edge is varied to correspond with the
different forms of the justifier blades, and is such that when the line of matrices
containing plates at the points where spaces are to occur, that is to say between
words, is advanced endwise from the galley, to the casting position, past the inner
ends of the space-bars, each selecting plate will encounter, in its turn, one of the
blades and carry the latter sidewise before it. As the line advances, the first plate
on the right will freely pass all the space-bars except the last one on that side, which
will be engaged and carried forward in front of the plate. The second plate will, in
like manner, engage the last bar on the left, the third plate the last remaining bar
on the right, and so on throughout the series each plate in its turn serving to engage
and carry forward to its operative position the end of one space-bar. When,
therefore, the line has completed its inward movement to the ensting position, the
spaces will be distributed over the table, each with its end in position to enter the
line alongside of a selecting plate, for the purpose of entering the line and increasing
the space at that point.
The devices for adjusting the spaces are constructed as follows:-A space-carrying
slide on the left, is connected by a link to an upright lever and the central space-
carrying slide on the right, is connected in a like manner to a lever, the two levers
being in turn connected by a spring whereby they are urged inward and caused to
move the slides and advance the space bars through the line when the parts are

page_text: released. The central space carrying slide is provided on its sides with projections
entering notches in the sides of the adjacent slides, the arrangement being such as
to permit a lost motion between the several slides, the central slide advancing
independently, then starting the two others in succession.
The retraction of the slides and spaces at the conclusion of the casting operation is
effected by providing the shaft of a lever with an arm bearing against the side face
of a cam on the main shaft, and by providing the said lever with an arm which is
projected beneath a corresponding arm on the above mentioned upright lever. A cam
acting through an arm, moves the lever and its slide backward, and the last mentioned
lever through its arm, effects the backward movement of the lever and the slide
connected thereto.
The space-carrying slide on the left side, is provided with a ratchet bar, engaged
by a dog carried by an elbow lever, actuated by a bar, connected in its turn to a lever
which is pulled down by a spring and elevated by a cam. The cam actuating the
dog, causes the latter to push the slide backward in order to slightly withdraw the
spaces after they have been advanced into the line, for a purpose which will presently
appear.
The space-carrying slides on the right of the machine are each provided with a
ratchet bar and these bars are engaged by dogs, carried by arms or levers mounted on
a rock-shaft, one of the levers having an arm actuated by a rod connected to a lever
which is depressed by a spring and elevated at suitable intervals by a cam on the inain
shaft. It will be observed that the ratchet bars of these slides have their teeth in the
reverse position from those of the slide on the left, so that the cam causes the dogs
to advance the several slides on the right toward the matrix line, in order to advance
the spaces positively into the line for a limited distance for the reasons hereinafter
explained.
In order to throw the adjusting dog out of engagement with the ratchet bar on the
left hand side, we provide a lever mounted on the main frame and acting at one end
on the dog, while at the opposite end it is connected by an arm to a lever, which is
drawn dawnward by a spring and elevated at the proper times by a cam on the main
shaft. A similar arrangement is used at the right side of the machine for throwing
the dogs out of action. The numerous levers, the axis of which are horizontal, may
be mounted on a single rod or shaft extending through the main frame from one end
to the other.
The operation of justifying is as follows:-
Assume that the composed line of matrices has been advanced from the first or
receiving galley to a position over the mould and between the clamps or abutments
that limit the length of the line, and that the ends of the several spaces required
have been laterally carried by the plates and distributed along the line at points
where spaces are demanded. The slides carrying the space-bars are all released and
advanced by the spring causing the bars to advance through the matrix line until it
is extended to the desired length, when the bars will stop, because it is impossible for
them to enter further. The dog and ratchet on the left now retract the left slide and
space-bars slightly, removing from the line any partly entered steps or shoulders and
leaving in the line only those parts which present parallel faces between the matrices.
The location and length of the retracting teeth in relation to the shoulders on the
spaces and to the movement of the dog, are such that the spaces are retracted but a
slight distance, and always to such positions as to leave a step or shoulder just outside
of the matrix line.
As the left hand spaces are withdrawn, those on the right advance, due to the
action of the spring, until they introduce into the line an amount equal to that
vacated by the retracted bars. As the right hand bars are divided into groups or
pairs, only two bands are advanced at a time, and thus the line is lengthened by
small increments.
After the advancement of the right hand space-bars by the spring has ceased, the
partly entered steps or sections are further advanced for the reinaining length of the

page_text: steps by the right hand dogs and ratchets, which are so arranged as to secure the
entrance of the active steps to such position that they will tightly fill the space
between the adjacent matrices and properly close the mould. The independently
moving spaces on the right will in nearly every instance be arrested primarily in such
a position as will leave steps on two bars in a partly entered position. This will leave
a very small thickness to be forced into the line, and in practice it is found that the
many joints in the line give it sufficient elasticity to admit of the additional thickness
being fully entered.
The operation of the machine as a whole is as follows:-
The galley containing the assembled line of matrices is applied to the machine on
one side, the sides of the galley being turned down in order to permit the lines of
matrices to be moved endwise. An empty galley is placed in the opposite side of the
machine. The melting-pot being supplied with metal, and this metal being
maintained in a moulten position by gas or flame thereunder, the machine is set in
motion. While the guide and the table are in an elevated position, the carrier
embracing a line of matrices advances endwise until the line is in position over the
mould. The inner ends of the tables, aligning the matrices between them, and the
guide, are then depressed far enough and the pot mouth is raised, thereby presenting
the matrix characters in the lower ends of the matrix body in line over and against
the mouth of the mould.
It will be noticed that the matrices are adapted to fit over or straddle the mouth
of the mould, by which they are held the more securely in alignment. At the time
of or immediately after the sinking of the table, and before the parts are finally
clamped thereby, the space-bars are advanced and adjusted to justify the line after
which the pump plunger is operated and the mould filled with molten metal,
producing therein the linotype having on the upper edge the characters and spaces
represented by the overlaying matrices and space-bars. The table and guide now
rise, lifting the matrices clear of the moulds and linotypes, the pot which had
previously risen at its mouth against the under side of the mould, sinks. The carrier
advances and transfers the line of matrices to the second or receiving galley, and then
returns to its original position over the first galley, with its jaws separated to permit
the introduction of another line of inatrices between them by the end motion of the
galley.
Previous however to the transfer of the line of matrices last used, the space bars
are withdrawn from the line. Immediately after the rising of the matrices, the
mould cylinder is given a fourth of a revolution, carrying the one which contains the
last formed linotype downward to the trimming knife, which trims off its base and
brings it to the exact height required. The mould cylinder again stops for a moment,
and during this stoppage, the ejector blade acts to drive the linotype from the mould
into the galley below. It will be noticed that by making use of a series of moulds in
one cylinder or carrier, we are enabled to perform the several operations of casting
one linotype, dressing another, and ejecting a third concurrently or in rapid
succession.
This arrangement is also advantageous in that it gives ample time for cooling of
the cast before it reaches the point of delivery, so that there is no danger of the
ejector blade embedding itself in the hot metal, or of the linotype adhering strongly
to the mould, as it is liable to do if subjected to the pressure of the blade while in a
highly heated condition. After one galley is emptied and the other filled, they are
removed from the machine, and replaced by others.
While we have referred herein to matrices in particular, it is to be understood that
the invention includes male dies or punches as the equivalent of matrices.
While we prefer to employ in a machine organized as before described, spaces or
justifying bars which are permenently connected to the operating slide, it is to be
understood that we may employ stepped spaces, which are set into the line in the
course of composition or subsequently, by any suitable means. The spaces thus
inserted are to be operated by slides, such as herein described or by any equivalent

page_text: operating mechanism arranged to act on the rear ends of the spaces without being
attached thereto.
Dated this 11th day of Ananst 1806
PHILLIPS & LEIGH,
Agents for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and Connection with Linotype Machines.
We, THE LINOTYPE COMPANY, LIMITED, of No. 188 Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Sole Proprietors of, and Sole Manufacturers, Vendors and Licensors under,
the Linotype Patents, do hereby declare the nature of this invention--as commu-
nicated to us by Ottmar Mergenthaler, of Baltimore, Maryland, United States of
America,--and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The present invention relates to improvements in and connected with linotype
machines. In carrying it into effect, we prefer to make use of matrices each bearing
a single letter or character, and to assemble these matrices in the order in which
their characters are to appear in print, in a series of parallel lines without justifica-
tion; or we may employ lines which have been assembled or justified in advance
by a composing mechanism of any suitable character independent of the present
mechanism.
The preferred mechanism in which the invention can be embodied, is the one
represented in the accompanying drawings. It shews a machine adapted to receive
a series of parallel composed lines of matrices, and to transfer the lines successively
to the face of a mould which is automatically supplied with molten metal or other
material suitable for linotypes. After the casting operation, each line of matrices is
transferred to a galley or holder, and is followed in regular course by the next line.
Provision is inade for delivering the linotypes from the mould, trimming them to the
required size, and assembling them in a galley or holder. The machine embraces a
series of justifying devices by which the successive lines are automatically justified
while presented to the mould. It is to be understood, however, that this justifying
mechanism may be replaced by any equivalent mechanism, capable of effecting the
justification of the lines, or omitted if the lines are received from the composing
mechanism in a justified condition. It may be here explained with advantage, that
justifying is an act subsequent to that of spacing, the latter being the mere
introduction of space bars in the line between the groups of matrices representing
the words, and the former being the act of practically thickening the said bars so as
to elongate the said line to the desired maximum.
Referring to the accompanying figures which are to be taken as part of this
specification and read therewith:-
Figure 1 is a plan of a machine made according to the present invention, omitting
some of the parts.
Figure 2 is a sectional elevation taken along the line 2-2 of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a vertical section taken along the line 3-3 of Figures 1 and 2.
Figure 4 is a vertical section through the mould taken along the line 4-4 of
Figure 5.
Figure 5 is a vertical section taken along the line 5-5 of Figure 4.
Figure 6 is a horizontal section taken along the line 6-6 of Figures 2 and 5,
looking in a downward direction.
Figures 7, 8 and 9 are vertical sections through a mould cavity and attendant
parts for moving the matrices thereto and therefrom. They are taken along the
jines 3-3 of Figures 1 and 2, and show the parts in different positions.

page_text: Figure 10 is a vertical section through the mould cylinder on the same line as
Figure 3, the internal parts having been removed to expose the details of the
construction.
Figure 11 is a section taken along the line 11-11 of Figure 10.
Figure 12 is a section taken along the line 12-12 of Figure 10, showing one of
the mould block liners.
Figure 13 is a view of one of the plates used to fasten and adjust a mould block
to the mould cylinder.
Figure 14 represents an edge and a side view of one of the liners used to adjust
the length of the line and of the linotype.
Figure 15 is a plan of one of the mould blocks, with its parts separated, to show
the manner in which they are constructed and united.
Figure 16 is a section taken along the line 16-16 of Figure 10.
Figure 17 is a vertical section taken along the line 2-2 of Figure 1, but shewing
the parts in the casting position.
Figures 18 and 19 are plans illustrating the justifying action of the space
bars.
Figure 20 is a side elevation of one of the matrices.
Figure 21 shews in side elevation different forms of the various space bars selecting
devices used in the line of matrices to determine the position of the different space
bars.
Figure 22 is a similar view of a second series of space selecting devices.
Figure 23 is a perspective view showing a line of matrices, the selecting devices
therein, and the ends of the space bars in position for action.
Figure 24 is a view showing the shape of the ends of the various space bars in
one series.
A, is the main frame of the machine. It may be of any form and construction
adapted to give support to the various operative parts hereinafter described.
B is a horizontal driving shaft, mounted in bearings in the frame A, and provided
at one end with driving pulleys C, C, and also with various cams and wheels herein-
after described, and by which motion is imparted to all the leading parts of the
machine,
D, D¹ are two galleys provided with parallel grooves, each adapted to receive a
composed line of matrices E such as shown in Figure 20 arranged side by side, each
matrix having a single character e in its lower end.
The galley D is intended to receive the lines of matrices from a suitable composing
mechanism, to be then applied to the present machine along which it is adapted to
slide on suitable guides F. The other galley D is intended to receive the lines from
galley D, after they have passed the intermedinte casting mechanism; and the second.
galley is, therefore, arranged to slide on guides " paralle! with the guides F.
Both galleys D, D are provided on their 'under sides with ratchet teeth f, and are
actuated respectively by two pawls ff, by which they are moved, step by step, in
reverse directions, so as to bring their successive grooves opposite each other, that
the lines of matrices may be transferred endwise from one to the other, in the way
explained further on.
The pawl is carried by an arm on the upper end of a shaft f³ from which
projects an arm f' adapted to act against the can face on the side of one of the
wheels u¹ on the main shaft B. The pawl f2 is actuated in a similar manner by a
lever f which latter is in its turn actuated at its lower end by a cam on the side face
of the wheel w. Both pawls f,f' are pulled backward by springs connected with
their respective actuating levers.
Between the two galleys D, D¹ there is mounted a transverse guide G slotted in
such a manner that a line of matrices may be pushed out of one galley D, into
position in the said guide over the mould cavity of the casting mechanism, and
finally transferred by a continuation of the movement, from the said guide Ginto
the second galley Di, such transfer being effected, as shown in Figures 7, 8 and 9,
by a horizontal reciprocating carrier consisting of two jaws H, H, capable of being

page_text: drawn together by a spiral springh in order that they may confine the line of matrices
Ietween them.
The action of the carrier is clearly shown in Figures 7, 8 and 9. The carrier is
first moved to the left, as shown in Figure 7, the galley D being advanced endwise
so as to present the line of matrices E between the two jaws H, H, which are then
moved to the right, to a position intermediate of the galleys, as shown in Figure 8,
where they remain until the completion of the casting action, after which they
continue their movement to the right, transferring the line of matrices to the
galley D as shown in Figure 9. The galley D¹ then advances endwise moving the
matrices out of the carrier, which then returns to its original position at the left in
order to receive another line from the galley D.
The carrier is connected, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, by a link to one end of
an arm h fast on a vertical shaft h', mounted to turn in a step bearing in the main
frame and having projecting from its lower end, an arm A adapted to act against
the side face of a cam h' on the main shaft B. The parts moved by the engagement
of the cam h' with the arm ho are returned to their normal position by a suitable
returning spring. To effect the separation of the two jaws H, H, of the carrier, the
link 3 is connected to the front one, while the opposite jaw is arranged to encounter
a step or shoulder. When, therefore, the carrier is moved over to the front to receive
a new line, the front jaw to which the link h³ is connected will continue its motion
slightly after the other has stopped, such continuance being possible because of the
spring h. In this way, the space between the two jaws H, H, 'will be increased and
the free entrance of the next line of matrices between them, permitted. This
mechanical separation of the said jaws, however, is not indispensable as the line may
be thrust between them if they are slightly rounded off or bevelled. When the
carrier is at the rear and in position to have the line of matrices removed by
the movement of the galley D, it is not necessary to mechanically separate the
jaws H, H, which then confine the line of matrices, as the movement of the said
galley will carry the said line out of the carrier without difficulty.
The intermediate guide G above mentioned stands over the inner ends of two
flaps I, 1'-Figure 2-which are supported at the top of the main frame A, each
being mounted on a transverse horizontal axis i, so that its inner end may be moved
upward and downward to a limited extent. The guide G is fixed to the flap I¹ and
connected to the flap I by a link Figures 2 and 17-whereby they are both caused
to rise and fall together. Springs 8 extending downward from the outer ends of the
said flaps to the main frame A or to the floor upon which it stands, keep the inner
ends of the flaps with the guide G thereon, ready to rise. They are depressed at
proper times by the downward pressure of a overlying arm K-Figures 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9
and 17-mounted on a horizontal axis in the main frame A. Its rear end is
continued downwards to stand in contact with the roller l which is carried in one end
of the lever L-Figures 1 and 3. This lever L has its fulcrum in a horizontal shaft
mounted in the main frame A, and is provided with a roller riding on the surface
of cam (3 fast on the main shaft B-Figure 2. The lever L and cam 13 act at the
proper time to depress the front end of lever K.
Beneath the guide G there is mounted a hollow mould cylinder M-Figures 2 and 3.
This mould cylinder is supported at one end by the horizontal journal m mounted in
a pillow block m¹ which is secured by a bolt m2 in a slot m³ in the main frame A.
This arrangement permits the mould cylinder being moved backward and forward,
away from its operative position as indicated by the dotted lines in Figure 3, to give
access to its various parts when they are to be adjusted. The mould cylinder is closed
and supported at one end only, as shown in Figures 3, 4, 5, 6 and 10. It is provided
at equal distances apart, with four longitudinal slots m-Figure 16-adapted to
receive the mould blocks N, as shown in Figures 10, 11 and 12. The cylinder thus
arranged serves, it will be seen, as a carrier for four inould cavities (which are
presented successively to the casting mechanism); mechanism for trimming the base
of the linotype, and mechanism for ejecting the linotype into the galley.
Each mould block N is a sectional one, .e., it consists, as shown in Figure 15, of

page_text: two parallel plates n, separated at each end by a liner n' of the form shown in detail
in Figure 14. The liners n¹ at the inner ends of the mould blocks may be secured
by screws passing through the several parts, or in any other suitable manner. Each
mould block N is shouldered along its outer sides, and is inserted endwise into its
seat m10 in the mould cylinder M and confined at the open end of the latter by an
internal plate w, held in turn at its ends by screws w³ inserted through the cylinder,
as shewn in Figure 11. By tightening these screws, the mould block may be secured
firmly in place in the cylinder M. When in place, the mould block presents a mould
cavity N of the exact dimensions of the body of the required linotype, this mould
cavity extending radially through the side of the cylinder.
To allow of the length of the linotype being varied, the liners n at one end of the
mould block N are made adjustable. Each plate n2 is provided-Figures 10, 11
and 13-with a rib n' adapted to enter either of a series of grooves n' in the inside of
the mould cylinder M, whereby the said plate is locked accurately in position and
prevented from shifting sidewise. The plate n2 is also provided with one or more
projections n' adapted to enter notches n' in the liner n', whereby the latter is held
in place. The construction above described admits not only of each mould cavity N¹
being varied in length, but also of the mould blocks being readily removed and
replaced by one of a different size, that is to say, by one adapted to produce linotype
bodies of different thicknesses.
Any other means for combining the mould cavities with the mould cylinder may
be adopted, but the one which has just been described is the one which we prefer
to use.
The mould cylinder M is located immediately beneath the guide G and the meeting
ends of the flaps I, I so that when the said parts are depressed as above described, the
said flaps will fit down closely upon the upper surface of the mould cylinder M and
confining the line of matrices E between them, present the line of formative
cavities e against and across the outer side of that mould block N which, for the time
being, is at the top of the said cylinder.
For the purpose of supplying molten metal to the mould cavity N which is
presented to the line of matrices, there is provided a melting pot O mounted on the
horizontal shaft -Figure 3-and provided with a long delivery spout or mouth o-
Figures 7 and 8-which is projected within the lower end of the mould cylinder M
and adapted to close up tightly against the under side of the respective mould block.
The delivery mouth o is provided with a slit or series of openings, through which
metal is delivered in an upward direction into the mould cavity throughout its entire
length at one operation. Such delivery is effected by a plunger of mounted in a
pump cylinder formed in the pot O, and adapted to close during its downstroke the
opening of through which the metal enters the pump cylinder. This arrangement
causes the plunges o to deliver the metal positively and forcibly in the mould
cavity N and formative cavities e in the matrices E above, the result being the
production of a linotype bearing on its upper edge in relief all the characters
represented by the said matrices."
The pump plunger ol is operated by a lever o³, mounted on the shaft k-Figure 1.
It is put through its down stroke by a spring of pulling from the main frame A, and
returned by a cam o'-Figure 3. This cam is mounted on the main shaft B and acts
against a roller on the lower end of the lever o-Figure 3.1
The pot O is swung upward and downward, to and from a mould cavity N¹ by
means of an arm of which is rigidly fixed to the pot O. It extends downwards and is
subject to the action of a roller o mounted in the end of the lever I before
mentioned. The journals of both the rollers and o ride in slots in the forked end
of the lever L, Figures 1 and 3-between the ends of the arms and K. This
arrangement admits of the rollers acting smoothly and with minimum friction.
After each casting operation, the mould cylinder M makes a quarter of a revolution
in order to present the next mould cavity N in its turn at the casting position and
also to carry the mould block containing the linotype, forward. This rotation of the
mould cylinder M may be effected in any suitable manner, As shown in Figure 3

page_text: the journal of the mould cylinder M carries a gear wheel m' engaged by a bevelled
pinion m on a shaft m' turning in bearings in the main frame A, and provided at
the lower end with a pinion m'. This latter receives an intermitting rotation from
an interrupted gear mo on the slide of the cam wheel which is fast on the main
shaft B-Figure 2.
In order that the linotypes may be of uniform heights, proper provision is made
for planing their feet before they are ejected from the mould block. This is effected
by a knife arranged to travel lengthwise of the mould block-Figures 4, 5 and 6.
Pis the knife. It is carried by a slide p arranged to travel to and fro in a guiding
bracket ppl which is supported by the main frame A and projects into the open end of
the mould cylinder M. When the respective mould block has advanced from the
casting position to one in which it presents the foot of the linotype in front of the
knife P, the latter advances as indicated by the arrow in Figure 6, travelling across
the foot of the linotype and planes it down flush with the inner face of the mould
block the mould cavity thus determining the height of the linotype. The movement
of the knife P is effected by a link p2 connected to a lever p³. The latter has its
fulcrum in the rock-shaft p' in the base of the main frame A-Figure 3. The
lever is rocked forward by an arm 2" fast on the rock shaft and holding a
roller against a cam 7" on the main shaft B. It is rocked backward by a spring p
pulling from the main frame A.
After the linotype has thus been planed to its proper height, the next movement of
the mould cylinder M carries the mould cavity with the linotype in it, to the opposite
side of the axis of the said cylinder M, ready for ejection. This ejection is effected,
as shown in Figures 2, 4, 5 and 6, by an ejector blade Q mounted in vertical
guides q, q, and operated by an intermediate link from the arms q', q' on the rock
shaft This rock shaft q turns in suitable bearings in the bracket pabove
described. is an arm fast on the said rock shaft q². The outer end of it holds an
antifriction roller in constant contact with the side face of a cam wheel q fast on the
main shaft B. The eccentricity of this cam wheel imparts the ejecting motion to the
ejector blade Q. The latter is withdrawn from the inould cavity N by a suitable
returning spring. As the ejector blade Q ejects the linotypes from the successive
mould cavities N¹ in a downward direction, they fall into a galley R fixed on the
main-frame A and provided with a sliding block or resistant, whereby they are held
in an upright position as the column of them is advanced by a vibrating finger ².
This finger acts against the face of each linotype as soon as it has entered the said
galley K, the column being thus advanced step by step in order to afford room for the
entrance of the incoming linotypes. The finger is mounted-Figure 5-on a
horizontal rock-shaft having an arm with a roller riding on the surface of the
cam already described.
The unjustified lines of matrices will, of course, be somewhat shorter than the line
of print demanded. The justifiention is effected by means of long space bars, each
increasing in thickness, step by step, from one end toward the other, the said bars being
moved into or through the line of matrices, from opposite sides, until the thickness
of their portions in the line is sufficient to effect justification. Each advance of the
stepped space bars will add a definite length to the line of matrices, the increase
depending upon the number of space bars which are used in the line. It will some-
times happen that the space remaining to be filled out, is not so great as that which
would be added by pushing all the space bars then in the line, step by step, and
consequently such push would be impossible. It is therefore necessary to provide
for a final advancement of only one or two of them. To this end there has been
devised a mechanism by which the space bars are operated not only in series in the
first instance, but individually at the finish, as circumstances may demand.
Referring to Figures 1, 2, 17, 18, 19 and 23, S, S are the series of space bars.
Each is a long plate of steel or equivalent material, increasing in thickness, step by
step, from nose to heel. In other words, the nose of each space bar is a thin portion
with parallel surfaces. It is succeeded by a thicker portion also with parallel
surfaces, and so on, step by step, for a considerable portion of the length of the space

page_text: bar, each parallel portion being connected with the next by an intermediate incline
by which the matrices are spread apart step by step as the space bars are pushed
endwise into the line.
There are two series of these space bars overlying the respective flaps I, 1, with
their thinner ends presented toward each other, on opposite sides of the place where
the line of matrices is introduced above the mould cavity. The space bars on the
left side of the machine being those of one series, are all connected, as shown in the
various figures, by vertical pivots a to a slide s' by which they may he moved endwise.
The space bars Si on the right side of the machine, being those of the other series,
are grouped in pairs and connected in like manner by vertical pivots to three
slides a, sands, each of which has a limited and independent motion for
purposes hereinafter explained.
It will be perceived that when a line of matrices is brought to the casting
position, it will stand between the ends of the two series of space bars S, S¹; so that
the latter being first swung around their vertical pivots to bring their ends to the
proper positions, may thereafter be thrust by the respective slides endwise through
the line of matrices from opposite sides, so as to elongate the said line to the
predetermined length, between the jaws H, H, already described, and by which
latter the length of the line is determined, the said jaws being in turn provided with
shoulders which interlock as shown in Figure 8, with shoulders on the mould
block N to predetermine and limit the elongation of the line. The noses of the
space bars are flexible or elastic to a limited extent, so that they may be thrust
squarely through the composed line, although their heels or opposite ends are out of
line with, that is to say to one side of, the active portion between the matrices. A
spring s serves to draw the noses of all the space bars of a series together in
a compact group along the front of the respective flap I, I', previous to the
introduction of the matrix line endwise between them, as shewn in Figure 18.
As the space bars in the succeeding lines of matrices will differ in location and in
number, it is necessary to provide means for quickly adjusting the ends of the
required space bars lengthwise of the same line, to the proper points for entry
thereinto. This is affected by giving the space bars in each group, different forms
at their ends, as shown in Figure 24, the ends being shouldered, or cut away, so as
to present tongues of different vertical widths. For use with the matrices E, there are
provided groups of selecting plates T, T-Figures 21 and 22. These plates are of
the same general form and size as the matrices E, except that on one edge they are
adapted to protrude beyond the line of the matrices when they are set in place therein, in
the way clearly shown in Figure 23. These selecting plates T, T, are inserted in the
lines of matrices at the points where space bars will be wanted, during the course of
composition, or, if preferred, at any subsequent period previous to the act of
justification. It is preferred that they should be introduced mechanically during the
composition of the line of matrices E, so that when the composed lines are received
in the galley D of the present machine, the selecting plates are in their
places.
Each selecting plate has its protrading edge cut away in a peculiar or
distinctive manner, as shown in Figures 21 and 22, the former figure representing
those plates which are to operate the space hars on the right side, and the latter
figure, those which are to operate the space bars on the left side. The shape of the
protruding edge of each selecting plate is varied to correspond with the different
shapes of the space bars, and is such that when the line of matrices con-
taining plates at the points where space bars are wanted, that is to say,
between words, is advanced endwise from the galley D in the direction indi-
cated by the arrow in Figure 18, to the casting position, past the inner ends of the
space bars, as shown in Figure 19, each selecting plate will encounter, in its turn,
one of the space bars and carry the latter before it. As the line of matrices advances,
the first selecting plate on the left, will freely pass all the space bars except the last
one on that side, which it will engage and carry before it. The second selecting
plate will, in like manner, engage the last space bar on the right, the third selecting

page_text: plate will engage the next remaining space bar on the left, and so on throughout the
series, each selecting plate in its turn serving to engage and carry forward to its
operative position, the nose of one space bar. When, therefore, the said line has
completed its inward movement to the casting position, the space bars will be
distributed over the flaps I, I', each with its end in position to enter the line of
matrices alongside of a selecting plate, for the purpose of justifying it at that
point.
The devices for making the space bars S, S' enter the said line are constructed as
follows. The space bar carrying slide a' on the left is connected by a link-figure 2-
to a bell crank lever s'; and the centaal space bar carrying slide on the right, is
connected, in a like manner, to a second bell crank lever s, these two levers being
in turn connected by a spring s", whereby they are urged inward and caused to move
the said slides and thrust the space bar through the line of matrices as soon as the
cam s allows the springs to act. The slide 82 is provided on its sides, Figures 18
and 19 with projections & and so which enter notches in the sides of the adjacent
slides and 8, the arrangement being such as to permit a lost motion
between the several slides, the slide & advancing independently, then starting the
slide &³, and finally starting the slide s', in succession.
The withdrawal of the said slides and space bars at the conclusion of the casting
operation, is effected by providing the shaft of the lever s, with an arm gl, the
outer end of which bears against the side face of a cain $12 on the main shaft B,
while the horizontal arm of the bell crank lever s stands under the corresponding
arm of the bell crank lever s³. The cam 812, acting through the arms", moves
the lever and its slide backward, and the lever through its hori-
zontal arm, effects the backward movement of the lever 85 and the slide
connected thereto.
The space bar carrying slide a' on the left side, is provided with a ratchet bar t
which is engaged by a dog a, carried by the bell crank lever 10. The latter is
actuated by a link connected to the lever 12. This lever u12 is pulled
down by a spring u and elevated by a cam u13 fast on the main shaft B. The
cam actuating the dog, causes the latter to push the slide s outwards to the
left to slightly withdraw the space bars Safter they have been thrust into the line,
for a purpose which will presently appear.
The space bar carrying slides a,,, on the right of the machine, are each
provided with a ratchet bar, and these bars are engaged by dogs carried by bell
crank levers . The latter are mounted on a rock-shaft, one of the levers having an
arm actuated by a link 18 connected to a lever u19 which is depressed by a spring 20
and elevated at suitable intervals by a cam 21 fast on the main shaft B. It will be
observed that the ratchet bars of these three slides 81, 82, 83 have their teeth set to
the right hand like those of the slide s' on the left, so that the cam u2 causes the
dogs to advance the several slides 81, 82, 83, toward the line of matrices, in order to
thrust the space bars S¹ into the line of matrices for a limited distance, for the
reasons hereinafter explained.
In order to throw the adjusting dog u out of engagement with the ratchet bar on
the slide 8', there is provided, as shown in Figure 2, a lever w having its fulcrum in
the main frame A and acting at one end on the said dog, while at the opposite end it.
is connected by a link to to a lever w² which is drawn downward by a spring w and
elevated at the proper times by a cam w³, fast on the main shaft B. A similar
arrangement is used at the right side of the machine for throwing the dogs out
of action, as will be seen on reference to Figure 2. The several sets of levers, the
axes of which are horizontal, may be mounted on single rods, respectively extending
the main frame A from one side to the other, as indicated in the
figures.
The operation of justifying is as follows:-
Let it be assumed that the composed line of matrices has been advanced from the
first or receiving gulley D to a position over the mould cylinder M and between the
C11

page_text: the justification of the line requires, have been engaged by the respective selecting
plates and distributed along the line at points where space bars are wanted, as
shown in Figures 1, 19, and 23. The slides carrying the space bars are all released
and the latter thrust by the spring a through the line of matrices E, until it is
elongated to the desired length, when the space bars will stop, because it is
impossible for them to enter further. The dog u and ratchet on the left now
withdraw the left slide s and space bars S slightly, removing from the line of
matrices any partly entered inclines and leaving in the said line only those portions
which present parallel faces between the matrices. The location and length of the
teeth in relation to the inclines on the space bars and to the movement of the
dog w, are such that the space hars are withdrawn but a slight distance, and always
to such positions as to leave an incline just outside the line of matrices.
As the left hand space bars S are withdrawn those S1, on the right, advance,
under the pull of the spring s" until they introduce into the line of matrices, an
amount equal to that vacated by the withdrawn space bars S. As the right hand
space bars S1 are divided into groups or pairs, only two of them are advanced at a
time, and thus the line is elongated by small increments.
After the thrust of the right hand space bars S1 by the spring s has ceased, the
partly entered inclines are thrust further for their remaining length by the right
hand dogs and ratchets. These latter are arranged so as to secure the entrance
of the said inclines to such a position, that they will tightly fill the space between
the adjacent matrices and properly close the mould cavity N'. The independently
moving space bars on the right, will, in nearly every instance, be arrested primarily
in such a position as will leave inclines on two space bars in a partly entered position.
This will leave a very small thickness to be forced into the line, and in practice it is
found that the numerous spaces in the line of matrices, give it sufficient elasticity
to admit of the additional thickness being fully entered.
The operation of the machine as a whole is as follows:-
The galley D containing the composed lines of matrices E, is applied to the
machine on one, say the front, side of it, the sides of the said galley being turned
down to permit the lines of matrices being moved endwise. An empty galley D1 is
placed on the opposite side of the machine. The melting-pot O having been
supplied with metal, and this metal being maintained in a molten condition, the
machine is set in motion. While the guide G and the flaps I, I, are in an elevated
position, the jaws H, H, embracing a line of matrices E Figure 7 advances endwise
until the said line is in position over a mould cavity N¹ Figure 2. The inner ends
of the said flaps, aligning the matrices E between them, and the guide G, are then
depressed to the positions shown in Figure 8 and the pot mouth o is raised, thereby
presenting the formative cavities e in the said line of matrices over and against the
mould cavity N¹.
It will be noticed that the matrices E are adapted to straddle the mould block, by
which they are held the more securely in alignment. At the time of or immediately
after the sinking of the flaps I, I', and before the parts are finally clamped thereby,
the space bars S, S1, are adjusted and thrust to justify the line, after which the pump
is operated and the top mould cavity N¹ filled with molten metal, producing therein
the linotype, having on the upper edge the characters and spaces represented by the
overlying matrices and space bars. The flaps I, I, and guide G now rise, lifting the
matrices E clear of the mould cavity and linotype in it, and the pot O which had
previously presented its mouth o against the under side of the mould cavity, as
shown in Figure 8, sinks to the position shown in Figure 7. The jaws H H advance
and transfer the line of matrices to the second or receiving galley D, and then return
to their original position over the first galley D, and separate to receive another line.
of matrices between them by the end motion of the said galley D.
Previous however to the transfer of the line of matrices last used, the space
bars S, S', are withdrawn from the line. Immediately after the rising of the matrices,
the mould cylinder M is given a fourth of a revolution, carrying the mould cavity Ni
which contains the last formed linotype, downward to the knife P, which planes its

page_text: foot and brings it to the exact height required. The mould cylinder M again stops
for a moment, and during this stoppage, the ejector blade Q acts to drive the
linotype from the last mentioned cavity N₁ into the galley R. It will be noticed that
by making use of a series of mould cavities N' in one cylinder M, we are enabled to
perform the several operations of casting one linotype, planing another, and ejecting
a third concurrently or in rapid succession. This arrangement is further
advantageous in that it gives ample time for cooling of the freshly cast linotype
before it reaches the point of rejection, so that there is no danger of the ejector
blade Qembedding itself in the hot metal, or of the linotype adhering strongly to the
mould cavity as it is liable to do if subjected to the pressure of the said blade Q
while in a highly heated condition. After one galley is emptied and the other
filled, they are removed from the machine, and replaced by others.
While we have referred herein to matrices in particular, it is to be understood that
the specification and claims both are intended to include male dies or punches as the
equivalent of natrices.
While we prefer to employ in a machine organized like that represented in the
figures, spacing and justifying bars which are permanently connected to the operating
slide; it is to be understood that we may employ stepped spaces, which are set into
the line in the course of composition or subsequently, by any suitable means. The
spaces thus inserted are to be operated by slides, such as herein described or by any
equivalent operating mechanism arranged to act on the rear ends of the spaces
without being attached thereto.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that
what we claim is :-
1. The combination of a galley adapted to receive composed lines of matrice
with a casting mechanism adapted to receive said lines from the galley.
2. The combination of two galleys for composed lines of matrices with an
intermediate casting mechanism arranged to receive the matrices from one galley
and part with them to the other.
3. The combination of two sliding galleys each grooved to receive composed lines
of matrices; the intermediate mould cylinder and guide; and a reciprocating carrier
arranged to deliver the successive lines from the galley to the guide, and thence to
the second galley.
4. The galleys adapted to slide and means for advancing them step by step; in
combination with the intermediate guide; the reciprocating carrier; the mould
cylinder adjacent to the said guide; and means for supplying molten metal to the
inould cavities in the moulding cylinder.
5. The combination of independent matrices; a guide to hold them in line; a
mould cylinder and mould cavities; rising and falling flaps; and justifying space
bars mounted on the said flaps and arranged to advance through the matrix line.
6. The combination of galleys adapted to slide; the rising and falling flaps;
the intermediate guide; the mould cylinder having mould cavities thereunder; and
the melting pot capable of delivering into the respective mould cavity.
7. The combination with the mould cylinder and its mould cavities; of the matrix
supporting guide movable to and from the same and the line of matrices adapted to
straddle the mouth of a mould cavity.
8. The combination of rotary mould cylinder having mould cavities; means for
presenting matrices externally thereto; means for delivering molten metal thereinto
from the interior of the mould cylinder; and an internal ejector adapted to eject the
linotypes.
9. The combination of rotary mould cylinder having mould cavities; means for
presenting the matrices externally thereto; and the melting pot having its delivery
mouth extended within the said mould cylinder.
10. The combination with the rotary mould cylinder having mould cavities, of an
internally arranged knife, to trim the feet of the linotypes.

page_text: 11. The combination of rotary mould cylinder; a plurality of mould cavities;
mechanism for presenting composed lines of matrices; mechanism for delivering molten
metal; mechanism for trimming the linotypes while in the mould cavities; ejecting
devices adapted to eject the linotypes from the mould cavities; and means for inter-
Imittingly rotating the mould cylinder to present each mould cavity to the said
mechanisms in the order named.
12. The combination of a rotary mould cylinder provided with a plurality of
mould cavities; mechanism for presenting composed lines of matrices externally to
the said cavities one at a time; a melting-pot and means for delivering metal
therefrom internally to the mould cavities; and means for making the mould cylinder
present its mould cavities successively between the said pot and the device then
supporting the respective composed line.
13. The combination of a rotary mould cylinder; a series of mould cavities
therein; casting devices adapted to co-operate therewith; means for revolving the
said cylinder intermittingly; and a moveable knife arranged to plane the foot of the
linotype in the respective mould cavity and while the latter is at rest.
14. The combination of a rotary mould cylinder; the ribbed mould blocks seated
therein; and the adjustable mould block confining plates.
15. The combination of sectional mould block; adjustable liner; and device adapted
to engage and hold the latter in place.
16. The combination of a mould cavity; a rotary mould cylinder; a reciprocating
knife to trim the foot of the linotype in the said cavity; and means for moving the
said knife and mould cylinder alternately so that the trimming of the linotype may
be effected while the mould cylinder is at rest.
17. The combination of a galley containing composed lines of matrices; a casting
mechanism; and a mechanism for presenting the said composed lines of matrices
successively to the casting mechanism.
18. The method of justifying a composed line of matrices, consisting in thrusting
a series of stepped space bars through the said line from the opposite sides until its
elongation is effected, thereafter withdrawing the space bars on one side sufficiently
to remove their partly entered inclines from the line, and finally, thrusting the space
bars from the opposite side for a further distance.
19. The method of spacing and justifying a composed line of matrices, consisting
in introducing the thin ends of stepped space bars into the line, thrusting the space
bars through the line by a yielding pressure until it is elongated to the predetermined
limit, and finally, slightly withdrawing a portion of the space bars and thrusting the
remaining space bars further into the line, to fill out the space vacated by the
withdrawn space bars.
20. The method of spacing out a composed line of matrices, consisting in
introducing into the line, at points where spaces are to occur, selecting plates, and
thereafter thrusting a series of stepped space bars through the line adjacently to
said plates.
21. The combination of a line of matrices and stepped space bars; mechanism for
thrusting the space bars through the line to elongate the same; means for limiting
such elongation of the line; and mechanism for effecting the withdrawal of such of
the partly entered inclines as are unable to fully enter the line.
22. The combination of a series of space bars moveable lengthwise of the line of
matrices; a composed line of matrices containing selecting plates adapted to engage
the respective space bars; and means for advancing the matrix line endwise past the
said space bars, whereby the ends of the latter are distributed along the said line in
position to enter the same at the required points.
23. The combination of a line of matrices; variant selecting plates inserted in said
line; space bars having ends of variant forms; means for advancing the matrix line
past the ends of the space bars in order that the latter may be distributed by the
selecting plates; and means for adjusting the space bars endwise through the line
to effect the justification of it.
24. The herein before described combination with means for presenting a line of

page_text: matrices to the justifying mechanism; of two series of stepped space bars arranged
and adapted as set forth to be thrust through the said line from opposite sides.
25. The combination of means for presenting a line of matrices to the justifying
mechanism; two series of space bars, those of one series connected with a single slide
and adapted to be thrust equally and in unison through the line, and those of the other
series divided into two or more groups, and connected with means for thrusting those
of one group slightly in advance of those in the next group, whereby the line may be
elongated by the action of less than the whole number of space bars at a time.
26. The combination of stepped space bars; a series of connected slides attached
thereto and having a limited independent motion, for the purpose of thrusting their
space bars unequally through the line to be justified.
27. The combination of a series of stepped space bars; a series of slides attached
thereto; means for causing these slides to advance primarily for different distances;
and means for further advancing the slides in unison.
28. The combination of a series of stepped space bars; a slide for thrusting them
in series through the line of matrices; means for closing the ends of the said space
bars together when out of action; means for distributing the ends of the spacǝ
bars along the line of matrices to suitable points for entering the same; and means
for thrusting the said space bars endwise through the said line.
29. The combination of a line of matrices; two series of stepped space bars;
slides and connections thereto for thrusting them with yielding pressure through the
line of matrices; a pawl and ratchet mechanism for slightly withdrawing one series
of space bars; and a pawl and ratchet mechanism for thrusting the other series of
space bars further through the said line.
30. The combination of means for supporting a line of matrices; a stepped space
bar having a flexible portion; and a slide to which the said space bar is pivotted in
order that its end may swing lengthwise of the line of matrices.
PHILLIPS & LEIGH,
No. 22 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicants.