matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
SAFETY-BAR FOR THE SADDLE OF MAN OR WOMAN
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Lowell Anderson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th August 1880.
EDWARD LOWELL ANDERSON, Gentleman, of Paris, France.
SAFETY-BAR FOR THE SADDLE OF MAN OR WOMAN."
"AN IMPROVED
The object of the improved saddle-bar with double automatic escapement, the
subject of this Invention, is to prevent the terrible accidents resulting from being
thrown from horse-back.
By means of this apparatus, if the rider's foot is in the stirrup when falling, the
stirrup leather leaves the bar of itself, that is to say, if the rider falls backward,
directly his leg gives the slightest oblique traction, an escapement turns upon its
pivots and rests upon a stud or stop piece where it meets with resistance; if the
rider is not then free, the escapement slides upon its pivots in a groove made in a
plate fixed to the saddle bar, and when it leaves this groove it is free, and the
rider is not dragged along.
The stirrup leathers are hung in the escapement to a small latch or catch, so that
when the rider is thrown sideways or forward, this latch lifts and permits the escape
of the stirrup leathers, thus also freeing the rider.
It will be seen from the above that whatever the fall, the rider cannot be dragged
along as frequently occurs with other arrangements.
The entire arrangement is covered with a counter-plate screwed to the plate
carrying the groove, so that the pivots keep true; for this purpose this counter-
plate has a groove similar to that of the plate to which it is applied.
To prevent forward swing the grooved plate is provided with a stop, and to
avoid any lifting of the escapement which might be produced by the pace of the
horse this plate is provided with a stop-bar; the catch or staple of the latch is
furnished with a small spring, which will not however in any way prevent its acting
under the traction resulting from an accident.
MENTS IN JUTE FABRICS, AND IN DYEING AND PRINTING THE SAME."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Donald at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th September 1880.
DAVID DONALD, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North Britain.
MENTS IN JUTE FABRICS, AND IN DYEING AND PRINTING THE SAME."
"IMPROVE-
I take woven jute fabrics or woven fabrics composed for the most part of jute,
and submit them to the combing or teasing process in a tiger raising machine, or in
a cross raising machine, or I submit the same to the action of both such machines,
and thus I comb or raise a pile upon one or both sides or surfaces of the said jute
fabric, which pile surface renders such fabrics capable of receiving the most perfect
O impression in the subsequent printing process, or of receiving the color in the dyeing
process, or I raise the pile wholly or partially by hand tools. I thus produce a
cheap pile fabric which can be used either in the plain, printed, or dyed state. In
some cases I subject the surface or surfaces of my improved pile jute fabrics to what
is known in cloth manufacture as the "mordaunting process," and thus I improve
5 their capabilities of being dyed or printed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WRITING INSTRUMENTS CARRYING THEIR OWN INK SUPPLY
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Phillip Hansen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th August 1880.
ANDREW PHILLIP HANSEN, of No. 5, Denmark Street, Soho, in the County
of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WRITING INSTRUMENTS CARRYING THEIR OWN
INK SUPPLY."
$6
This Invention relates to peculiar combinations and arrangements of self-feeding
pen, ink, pencil, brush, ruling pen, or such like instruments where great accuracy
is afforded in the self regulating flow of the writing fluid employed therein, and
consists of a metal tube containing the writing fluid, being tapered at one end and
running down to a fine point and similar to a sharpened pencil, which point may
either be formed in one piece with the tube, or inserted so as to be capable of
removal if required, the other end possessing a cap entering the tube, and so
constructed that when slightly turned or lifted, shows a small opening sufficient to
enable the air to enter, and when pressed down closes the tube hermetically, inside
of which is placed a wick of a material of non-corrosive and imperishable nature
commonly known as asbestos." A wick of this material being inserted in the
tube so as to reach a fine hole placed in the extreme point of the taper tube, is
capable of regulating the flow of writing fluid, so that blotting or such like
inaccuracies are entirely avoided. The same instrument may also be used as a
brush for fine painting, colouring, &c., and this is accomplished by simply drawing
the wick through the fine hole so as to form a brush. It may also be used for
ruling, and according to its peculiar construction it is capable of ruling in different
thicknesses. For this purpose the tube instead of running to a round taper point
is flattened, and in its appearance similar to a flat chisel. Each corner of this flat
being ground off, will cause an opening in the tube in the shape of a V, and it is
simply due to the amount ground off whether the opening is large or small. A
small quantity of asbestos being placed in the tube will be firmly secured in the act
of flattening the tube. This arrangement for ruling may also be combined with the
construction for writing, and in such case the flattening point may be removed, and
the round point inserted. The arrangements to enable the air to enter and for
closing the tube remain the same as above described.

page_text: The essential feature of my Invention, is the employment of a mineral fibre of a
non-corrosive and imperishable nature, termed "asbestos," as a substitute for pens
or any other arrangements employed in instruments carrying their own writing
fluid, and the employment of this material in all cases where it may be used with
advantage for purposes similar to those above described, and the peculiar com-
binations and arrangements of forming a writing, ruling, and painting instrument,
all combined in one or each separately.
A NEW OR IMPROVED ARTICLE OF WEARING APPAREL FOR LADIES' USE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ignac Pick at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th January 1880.
IGNAC PICK, of Queen Victoria Street, in the City of London, Wholesale Furrier.
"A NEW OR IMPROVED ARTICLE OF WEARING APPAREL FOR LADIES' USE."
My Invention relates to a new or improved article of wearing apparel for ladies'
use, and is to be worn over the body of the dress or over a jacket.
It is composed of, say, for example, three portions, one of which forms the back,
and which may if desired depend as low as the waist, or it may be shaped like a
cape or a collar or a hood; the other two portions form the front of the article, and
are connected to the first named or back portion by being sewn thereto over the
shoulders and under the arms, an opening being however left free on each side to
allow the arms to pass through.
Or the portions which are connected together under the arms, as described above,
may be left open, or they may be united together by elastic cords, or by buttons
and loops, or by other suitable means.
Between the material of which the article is composed and the lining thereof I
insert or attach a pocket or receptacle, which I pad or stuff so as to constitute &
muff, one such muff being located on each of the lower parts of the front portions
of the article, and an opening being left on the outer edges thereof, or on any other
convenient part of the lining so as to admit the hands which are introduced one
from each side. Or if desired the opening to the muff may be contrived on the
outside of the material of the front portions of the article.
The front portions are secured together (when the article is in use) by buttons
and loops, hooks and eyes, or other suitable fastening contrivances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BANDAGES FOR SURGICAL PURPOSES
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jacob Herman de Bussy, of Lordship Lane, Dulwich, in
the County of Surrey, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BANDAGES FOR
SURGICAL PURPOSES." A communication from abroad by Dr. C. de Mooy, of
Amstradam
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jacob Herman de Bussy
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th September 1880.
JACOB HERMAN DE BUSSY, of Lordship Lane, Dulwich, in the County of Surrey.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BANDAGES FOR SURGICAL PURPOSES." [A communication
from abroad by Dr. C. de Mooy, of Amsterdam.]
This Invention has for its object improvements in bandages for surgical
purposes.
Such bandages or splints are formed of split rattan of about three eighths of an
inch in thickness strung together with strong cord and connected at the extremities
with thinner cord. They are covered afterwards with white leather.
Outside are fixed bamboo or wooden laths.
Between the rattan laths strong ribbon is worked in to give the bandage or
splint more solidity.
Bandages or splints made according to this Invention are represented by the
Drawings annexed, and the purpose to which each is applicable is marked
upon it.
In cases where there is no bleeding or wounding, but only fracture and bruising,
the injured member is placed in the same direction as the sound one, and the
bandage or splint is put on over the clothes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRIMS AND BANDS OF HATS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th April 1880. A communi-
cation from abroad by John Peters and Lloyd Wiegand, both of the City
of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, United States of America.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN BRIMS AND BANDS OF HATS." A communication from abroad by John Peters
and Lloyd Wiegand, both of the City of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, United
States of America.
The Invention relates to the brim and bands of that class of hats having stiffened
rims, and covered with fur, silk, wool, cloth, or plush, or other textile or felted
fabric, and has for its object the making of hats readily adapting themselves to the
form of the head of the wearer, and therefore more comfortable and easy, and
incidentally less liable to stain from perspiration or grease penetrating through the
band, and at the same time more durable.
The nature of this Invention may be briefly stated to consist in a new and
merchantable article of manufacture, to wit, a moulded brim and band formed of
lamina of cloth, having incorporated with it a compound caoutchouc and a resinous
or adhesive substance, or substance which becomes adhesive upon the application of
heat. These brims and bands are made thin and stiff at the outer edge of the brim
and gradually thickening and more elastic towards the junction of the brim and
band, and gradually thinning or "feathering out" to a thin edge from that point
to the upper part of the band, having a surface adapted to adhere to the side crown
or cylindrical part of the hat body. Such rims and bands when applied to the
crown produce a hat which automatically adapts itself to the form of the head of
the wearer, and at the same time preserves a smooth and presentable appearance
in the brim and side body, and are measurably if not wholly impervious to moisture
and grease from the head or hair.
TOOLS FOR DRESSING STONES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Wood at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th July 1880.
THOMAS WOOD, of Okehampton, in the County of Devon.
TOOLS FOR DRESSING STONES."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
This Invention relates to an improved cutting tool for dressing mill and other
stones, and consists of a thin flat cutting chisel, firmly fixed within a corresponding
socket or recess in the head of the tool by means of set screws and a wedge or key,
so as to allow of the position of the cutting chisel in the head being adjusted as it
becomes diminished in length by wear. The set screws tighten up against the
broad flat part of the chisel, and the wedge or key is driven through one of a
number of recesses or slots provided in the head, in such manner that the non-
cutting end of the cutting chisel may bear against it, and thus prevent any
receding or giving way of the same when in use. The wedge is changed from one
recess or slot to another, accordingly as the length of the cutting chisel decreases.
An eye is formed in the head, passing through it at an angle to the horizontal
plane, for the attachment of a handle with which the tool is operated.
Each tool
may be provided with several interchangeable cutting chisels, for use one after the
other as they become blunt by wear, they being readily withdrawn from the head
by slackening the set screws.
MENTS IN BICYCLES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Beale at the Office of the
Comisssioners of Patents on the 10th November 1880.
JOHN BEALE, of East Greenwich, in the County of Kent, Engineer.
MENTS IN BICYCLES."
"IMPROVE-
My Invention has for its object the combination and arrangement of the parts
of a bicycle in such a manner as to adapt it for carrying either one or two riders
on two wheels of or nearly of equal size, with the weight carried so placed as to rest
When the parts are
on or be supported by both wheels equally or nearly so.
arranged for carrying one rider the saddle is placed in the centre of the back bone
or nearly so, and the steering is effected by means of rods and connections which
are caused to act as required either altogether on the back wheel or on both wheels,
and the treadle action is by preference similar to that described in the Specification
of a Patent granted unto me and bearing date January 25th, 1878, No. 332. And
when the parts are arranged to carry two riders two saddles are employed, one
being placed as usual nearly over the front axle and the other nearly over the back
or binder axle, the after saddle being placed by preference somewhat in front of the
fork of the back wheel.
A NEW OR IMPROVED ALPHABETICAL BINDER FOR LETTERS AND OTHER SIMILAR PAPERS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wilson Cochrane at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th November 1880.
JOHN WILSON COCHRANE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Stationer. "A NEW OR IMPROVED ALPHABETICAL BINDER FOR LETTERS AND
OTHER SIMILAR PAPERS."
This Invention relates to an improved construction of elastic index binder for
receiving and holding letters, invoices, accounts, and other similar papers in
alphabetical order, and which is designed to be capable of expansion, to hold either
a small or a very large number of papers securely within it, and convenient for
inspection at any time.
The improved letter binder comprises an outer cover, consisting of one or two
sheets of card board or stiff paper, preferably with a back part of cloth or thin
leather, and ornamented outside if desired. Pages of stiff paper cut and marked on
the outer edge with the letters of the alphabet in the form of an ordinary ledger
The whole is sewn
index, but with broader paper, are inserted within the cover.
together or stitched with an elastic cord or ribbon at or near the back, the cover
and pages being perforated or pierced to let through the stitching cord, which is
preferably twisted or twined together to give strength with elasticity. The stitching
cord is preferably covered by the covering cloth or leather over the back.
A vulcanised rubber or other elastic band is fixed near the back and passed over
the cover longitudinally, and one, two, or more elastic bands are fixed on one cover
near the front edge, to pass over the front, and catch on to rounded buttons or
fasteners on the other cover or side of the binder.. The catches for retaining the
bands are preferably made in the form of ordinary paper fasteners passed through
the cover.
The letters or other papers to be held in the improved binder are laid flat on the
index pages in the alphabetical order of the correspondents' names, the holding
bands being released by that purpose, and again replaced or fastened.
The correspondence of each week, month, or other period, may thus be indexed
in a handy form for reference, and at the end of the period the whole removed to
give place to the correspondence of a succeeding period; or the binder containing
the correspondence of any period may be laid away in the form of a volume for
future reference, a label fixed on the front page being provided to give the date or
period of the volume.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO MAGNETIC INDUCTION MACHINES
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Wilde, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO MAGNETIC
INDUCTION MACHINES."
(Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Wilde at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st December 1880.
HENRY WILDE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer..
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO MAGNETIC INDUCTION MACHINES."
My Invention consists in a method of constructing electro magnetic induction
machines with multiple armatures for producing electricity, by which their power
and efficiency are greatly increased.
In this improvement the metal wheels or discs in which the armatures are
mounted are slit in a radial direction towards the centre of each iron armature.
The armatures are also slit in a radial direction towards their centres, and are fixed
in the wheels in such a position that the slits in the wheels and the slits in the
armatures coincide or extend into each other.
The ends of the electro magnets are terminated by pole pieces of iron, while the
iron armatures which revolve between them are without such pole pieces. The
polar terminations of the magnets are of such a diameter as to overlap the
armatures, so that the magnetic circuit is never broken. The pole pieces at
the ends of the magnets are slit radially towards the centres of the magnet cores.
The sides of the discs in which the armatures are mounted are perforated near
their centres for the purpose of admitting a free circulation of air between the
coils of the armatures.
By means of the aforesaid improvements the counter currents set up in the
wheels carrying the armatures, and in the polar terminations of the electro magnets
are prevented, whereby the machine is more readily excited by its own residual
magnetism, and its electrical power is greatly increased, while the heating of the
armatures and electro magnets is proportionately diminished.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC PISTONS, AND IN THE MEANS OF ADJUSTING THE PACKING RINGS THEREOF
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Potter at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 31st March 1880.
WILLIAM POTTER, of 4, Graydon Street, Woolwich Common, in the County
of Kent, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC PISTONS, AND IN THE MEANS
OF ADJUSTING THE PACKING RINGS THEREOF."
My Invention has for its object the more econoinical construction of metallic
pistons adapted for use in steam and other engines, in pressure gauges, and for
similar uses, and an increased facility in adjusting the packing rings as may be
required.
And my Invention consists in adapting and applying to pistons the parts herein-
after described. Within the ordinary expanding ring or rings is fitted a coil of
steel or other suitable metal, such coil when compressed forming a cylinder with
flat or straight ends, and being formed out of a bar or strip of metal bovilled off on
both the outer and the inner side or edge, in order to reduce the friction of the
parts in contact.
Inside in the said coil is fitted a ring of any suitable metal, to the inside of which
ring are fitted three or more springs, each spring being fixed at one end to the
ring, and being free to move at the other end, and being formed so as to curve
progressively inwards from the fixed to the loose end. This ring is prevented
from turning by means of a stud or studs passing into a recess or recesses in the
ring.
Another ring of smaller diameter than that last mentioned, but concentric
therewith, is also fitted to the piston, the space between the two rings being
occupied by the aforesaid springs, and another set of springs fitted to the inner
of the two rings.
On the inner surfaco of this ring is formed an internal circle of teeth, gearing
with one or more pinions, by means of which the ring can be turned. To the
outer side of this ring are fitted three or more springs, each having one end fixed
to the ring, and curving progressively outwards, so as to bring the other end
of the spring in contact with one of the springs of the before mentioned ring.
By this arrangement, on the inner ring being moved as required by turning the
pinion, the springs thereon will be caused to act on the springs of the outer ring,

page_text: and force it outwards, thereby causing the ordinary packing rings outside the coil
to expand, and keep the piston steam tight as required.
The said pinions (when two are used) are fitted on opposite sides of the internal
toothed ring, and have elongated spindles with square ends, or with sockets, by
means of which they can be acted upon as required without removing the cylinder
cover or end, the necessary openings for the purpose in the cylinder cover being
protected against the escape of steam by screwed caps or otherwise. The pinion
through which oil or other lubricant can be supplied to the interior of the piston
when required.
The pinions are prevented from turning after the requisite adjustment of the
packing rings has been effected by means of a detent catch or spring applied
thereto.
-
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PLAYING CARDS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nahum Salamon at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th September 1880.
NAHUM SALAMON, of Holborn Viaduct, in the City of London, Sewing Machine
Factor. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PLAYING CARDS."
"
In the use of playing cards as a pastime it is not infrequent that a player is
found to "revoke or recall the card which has been played by mistake either
through inattention or from defect of sight. The cause of such mistakes, from
which unpleasant disputes will frequently arise, is due mainly to the fact that two
of the four "suits" are printed in the same colour; thus hearts and diamonds are
printed in a red, and clubs and spades in a black colour.
I have found that the liability to play a wrong suit may be avoided by giving
to each suit a distinctive colour as well as a distinctive form; thus the eye which
is defective in realising form owing to a dim or a contracted vision will readily
detect in the card played the colour which is the characteristic of the suit.
In carrying out the object of this Invention I propose to use the familiar red
and black colours for two of the suits, say, clubs and diamonds, and to adopt two
other as distinctive colours for the other suits; thus I may employ a bright blue
for the spades and a gold colour for hearts, but I do not limit myself to the use of
these colours.
To give greater prominence to the "pips" I may surround them with a border
line of dark colour, which being interposed between the white ground of the card
and the red, blue, and golden "pips" will bring out these colours with great effect.
By this means I am enabled, without adding in any appreciable degree to the
cost of manufacture, to impart to each card a distinctive character.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BUTTONS, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Dittermann, of Aldermanbury, in the City
of London, Merchant, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF BUTTONS, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS THEREFOR."
(Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Dittermann at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th October 1880.
FREDERICK DITTERMANN, of Aldermanbury, in the City of London, Merchant.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BUTTONS, AND IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS THEREFOR."
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of buttons, and in
machinery or apparatus employed therefor, the object of the improvements being to
produce from ivory, bone, or horn, or from any suitable plastic material, buttons
which shall have the appearance of an ordinary silk or mohair or the like braided
button.
In carrying out my Invention, the buttons are turned in a lathe or pressed in
moulds in the manner usual in making buttons from ivory, bone, horn, or plastic
material. The faces of the buttons are then passed through a suitable machine
provided with a cutter or die, specially cut or engraved according to the pattern of
braid or the like, which is to be represented or produced on the face of the button;
the cutter or die being operated, the face of the button will be cut or stamped with a
series of parallel and other indentations forming the required braided or ribbed
appearance.
The buttons thus formed are then stained or mottled by suitable known means
to produce the desired effect.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AXLES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Richards at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd October 1880. A communication from
abroad by William Wynn, of Pieter Maritzburg, in the Colony of Natal, South
Africa.
HENRY RICHARDS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Merchant.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AXLES." A communication from abroad by William Wynn,
of Pieter Maritzburg, in the Colony of Natal, South Africa.
This Invention refers to an improved construction of axle designed to reduce the
friction upon the bearings.
With this view the arm of the axle is formed of tough steel rounded at the outer
end and welded to the shaft, round which shaft is a collar with a raised flange
curved on the side next the arm to act as a dust guard. Over this arm is fitted a
bush which is a cast cylinder smooth on the inside, and with its inner edges
rounded off where they fit upon the collar on the shaft; this bush has also a thread
cut upon its outer end to receive a cap to be screwed upon it. Between the bush and
the arm is a space to receive rollers which are to reduce the friction; these consist
of smooth round metal bars of a somewhat softer nature than the metal forming
the arm; they are to be perfectly true cylinders, and must fit the space between
the arm and the bush with just sufficient accuracy to permit of free working, and
their ends must be rounded off.
The cap is a casting tapped on the inside to screw on the bush, and through
this cap the arm projects; in the end of the arm is a slot into which a key pin is
fitted to keep all the parts in place.
A second cap may be screwed over the end of the whole axle if required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR PAPERING' AND UNPAPERING' WOOLLEN AND OTHER WOVEN OR FELTED FABRICS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Stead at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th November 1880.
'
"
THOMAS STEAD, of Leeds, in the County of York. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR PAPERING' AND UNPAPERING' WOOLLEN
AND OTHER WOVEN OR FELTED FABRICS."
"
The object of my Invention is to facilitato and accelerate what is well known as
the process of "papering and "unpapering" fabrics; also to dispenso with the
laborius work of lifting the papered fabric into the press.
Within suitable framework I provide three tables side by side; the central table
is employed for supporting the fabric during the "papering" and "unpapering" or
throwing out" processes.
28
The two outer tables are employed for holding supplies of press papers. Each
table is fitted within the framework, so that it can be raised or lowered by the
attendants.
The outer tables have this adjusting arrangement, so that they can be raised or
lowered to the point where the press papers are required, and the central table,
which supports the material, is capable of adjustment, so that it can be raised or
lowered to any required level to suit the position the "papered" fabric has to take
up in the press.
The raising and lowering of the tables is effected by the attendants through any
ordinary means.
The material to be operated upon is conducted to and from the apparatus by
suitable rollers or guides.
Pieces" may be "papered" in the above apparatus the full width, dispensing
with the operation of "rigging" or folding.
For the purpose of moving the apparatus about the framework is mounted on
wheels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LAMPS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hopkinson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th August 1880.
JOHN HOPKINSON, of Westminster Chambers, in the City of Westminster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LAMPS."
My Invention relating to improvements in electric lamps has reference to the
mode of regulating the distance between the carbons used for the production of the
electric arc.
In carrying out my Invention I carry either carbon or each carbon
from the piston of a hydraulic cylinder. Each cylinder is either so arranged that
when fluid is allowed to flow out from that cylinder the carbon it carries advances,
or is so arranged that when fluid is allowed to flow into the cylinder the carbon
advances, or that when fluid passes from one cylinder to the other both carbons
are caused to advance. The passage of fluid into a cylinder from a cylinder, or
from one cylinder to the other, is controlled by a valve, which is opened or closed
by an electro-magnet. This electro-magnet may be either in the principal electric
circuit or in a shunt circuit of high resistance. I also provide a hand tap for per-
mitting a rapid flow of fluid from or into a cylinder, or from one cylinder to the
other. When a hydraulic cylinder is used for each carbon I sometimes provide a
third cylinder with a plunger, whereby the aggregate quantity of fluid in the two
before mentioned cylinders may be increased or diminished, and the position of the
electric arc adjusted. In starting the lamp I make use of a second electro magnet;
generally this is arranged in the principal electric circuit, and separates the carbons
so soon as the current passes, but sometimes it is in a shunt circuit of high
resistance, and acts to bring the carbons in contact for an instant at starting and
so starts the light. The current may be conveyed to the carbon or the pistons
which carry them by a sliding contact. When very long carbons are used this may
be arranged to serve the purpose of steadying the terminals of the carbons and
keeping them in their correct position.
In some cases I arrange the electromagnetic valve as a float, which on rising
causes a conical plug to enter a small hole. The lower part of the float may be of
iron, forming an armature for the electro magnet, which by pulling down the float
opens the aperture. This electromagnet may be adjusted in various ways, as, for
example, by thrusting in or pulling out its iron core.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATING THE FRICTIONAL SURFACES OF MACHINERY, AND IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES THEREFOR
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Thomson King at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th April 1880. A communication
from abroad by Frederick Crocker, senior, of Olean, in the State of New York,
United States of America.
John Thomson KING, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Patent Agent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATING THE FRICTIONAL SURFACES OF MACHINERY, AND
IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES THEREFOR." [A communication from abroad by
Frederick Crocker, senior, of Olean, in the State of New York, United States
of America.]
It has been found by experience that the raw fat of animals, such as beef suet,
possesses certain lubricating properties which are lost in treating or rendering, and
that if the raw fat is placed in oil cups of ordinary construction the bearings must
become sufficiently heated to cause the oil to drip from the fat, that heating is a
source of abrasion and undue wear in the moving parts.
The object of this Invention is to so apply the raw fat or fats to the moving
parts of macbinery requiring lubrication that little or no heat shall be necessary to
extract the oil and lubricating matter from such raw fat or fats, and consists,-
First. In applying the raw fat or fats directly against a moving surface or moving
surfaces to be lubricated, and maintaining such fat or fats in contact with the said
surface or surfaces by elastic or suitable pressure.
Second. In a carrier or follower acted upon by a spring or suitable device to
press on and maintain the raw fat or fats in contact with the moving surface to be
lubricated. The said spring or suitable device and carrier or follower are fitted in
a box or container formed in any suitable stationary portion of the inachinery, or
secured in any convenient position.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN LADIES' DRESS SUSPENDERS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Lawley Parker and Joseph
Luckock at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd April
1880.
EDWARD LAWLEY PARKER, trading as Bent and Parker, of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Manufacturer, and JOSEPH LUCкOCK, of Harborne, in the
County of Stafford, Tool Maker. "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN LADIES'
DRESS SUSPENDERS."
Our Invention has reference to ladies' dress suspenders, consisting essentially of
two curved arms jointed together, the unjointed ends having discs, between which
wen the jointed arms are closed the part of the dress introduced into the suspender
is gripped.
Our Invention consists of the improvement or improvements herein after
described, by means of which the arms are readily and firmly locked when closed
for gripping and suspending the dress, and are also readily unlocked for permitting
of the opening of the arms and the liberation of the dress.
In each of the artus of the suspender and at a short distance from the joint I fix
a cross pin. To the projecting end of one of these pins a plate is jointed, and the
projecting end of the other pin engages in a slot in the said plate. By turning upon
its joint the said plate can be made to cross the arms, or to be parallel therewith.
When the plate crosses the said arms the latter can open, the direction of the slot
in the plate being that in which the pin engaged in it moves as the arms open.
When the plate is parallel with the arms the slot is at right angles to the direction
of the motion of the pin, and the plate can only take this position when the arms
are closed.
In using the suspender the plate is turned across the arms, and the arms aro
thereby permitted to open, the dress is introduced between the discs at the ends of
the arms, and the arms are closed; the plate is then turned parallel to the arms,
when the said arms are fixed in their closed position. The slot in the arms is not
straight, but has at one end a slight curvature, by which when the plate is brought
parallel to the arms they are drawn tightly together and locked. By turning the
plate aside the arms are unlocked, and are free to open.
The plate described, and the projecting pins on the arms, may be duplicated,
that is, two exactly similar slotted plates may be employed, one on each side of the
arms, the said plates being connected together at one cud by the joint pin, and at
the other end by a cross fixed pin. The suspender may be attached to the person
by a cord attached to the free end of the single plate or the cross pin of the doublo
plato.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CUTTING TOOLS AND TOOL HOLDERS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Kinsey and George Challenger
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th May 1880.
HENRY KINSEY and GEORGE CHALLENGER, both of the Town of Swansea, in the
County of Glamorgan, Mechanical Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CUTTING TOOLS
AND TOOL HOLDERS."
This Invention has for its object the construction of an efficient tool, chiefly for
turning, boring, and planing machines, for the purpose of cutting and shaping metals
and other material. We prefer to make the said tool with one spiral groove
running a portion or the whole of its length. The nose or cutting part of the tool is
so formed that it can be reset by grinding without the necessity of re-forging or
tempering; in some cases we make the said tool with two or more groves. We
prefer to make the holder for securing the tool in the machines of a square or
rectangular section, having a hole through it lengthwise of the same diameter as the
tool, the said holder having a slit along one side, which allows it to grip the tool
when pressure is applied to the said holder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VASES, AND OTHER ORNAMENTAL ARTICLES, IN CHINA, POTTERY WARE, AND THE LIKE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bevington at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th August 1880.
JOHN BEVINGTON, of Hanley, in the County of Stafford. “IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF VASES, AND OTHER ORNAMENTAL ARTICLES, IN CHINA,
POTTERY WARE, AND THE LIKE."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of vases
and other ornamental articles in china, pottery ware, and the like.
My novel process is as follows:-Having formed the vase or other article from
a suitable clay or body, either white or colored, I roughen the exterior surface by
The fragments
the application to it of small fragments of china, or like ware.
having been sifted to the size desired, the vase or article to be ornamented
is dipped into slip, and sprinkled with the fragments, and these adhering
impart the roughness desired. Upon this roughened surface I then apply
flower ornaments, such as are found in Dresden ware. At this stage the vase or
other ornamented article is burnt; coming out in the biscuit state, it is dipped
into glaze and is again burnt. The next operation is the painting of the flower
ornaments, and then the roughened parts of the surface are coated by means of
a brush with a peculiar varnish like liquid, known to potters as "beleick." The
vase or other ornamental article then receives its final burning.
The result is a novel ware, differing greatly in appearance from any ware hereto-
fore produced; it has a rough "beleick" surface with flower relief.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING VESSELS BY MEANS OF HYDRAULIC POWER
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick William Richardson at the
Office of the Comisssioners of Patents on the 29th November 1880.
FREDERICK WILLIAM RICHARDSON, of West Hartlepool, in the County of
Durham, Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR
PROPELLING VESSELS BY MEANS OF HYDRAULIC POWER."
The propelling power is derived from the reaction or recoil of two jets of water
projected at a high velocity from openings in the ships' sides; these jets are
put in motion by the action of two ordinary right and left handed screws, revolving
on the same shaft placed about midships of the vessel, and actuated by spur
gearing mounted on the engine shaft.
In connection with the screws above mentioned, are two sluices on either side of
the vessel, the object of which is to manoeuvre the latter in the following
manner:-In going ahead the water entering at one of the apertures above
described passes in behind the screws, is projected externally, and thus impels the
vessel.
In going astern the reverse action takes place.
The vessel can be brought to a stand in about twice her own length by simply
working a lever which moves the sluices, thus turning the jets of water in the
opposite direction, all the ships movements being made from the bridge, and
being totally in command of the officer in charge.
"
k
or
As the engines revolve the same way for either "ahead astern," there is no
necessity for stopping and reversing them on any sudden emergency.
The vessel can by the right application of the sluices be made to turn on a centre
and be manoeuvred in almost any position.
Should the steering gear be disabled at sea, as is often the case, the vessel can be
effectually guided by the sluices.
When wind is favourable, steam can be dispensed with, and the ship put under
canvas without her passage through the water being impeded by this system of
propulsion, as is the case with the ordinary screw propeller in which the screw
drags.
Friction and wear and tear are reduced to a minimum, thrust block, and most of
the large bearings being dispensed with.
The screws being constantly submerged, the racing, wasting of power, and racing
of engines is impossible. In the case of men of war, the propelling power being
deeply submerged, is out of reach of an enemies' shot.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED IN TWISTING OR DOUBLING WORSTED AND OTHER FIBRES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Farrar at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th January 1880.
JOSEPH FARRAR, of Halifax, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY EMPLOYED IN TWISTING OR DOUBLING WORSTED AND OTHER FIBRES."
The object of my Invention is to instantaneously stop the delivery or feed rollers
of a "roller twisting" or doubling frame when the thread or yarn breaks, and
thereby prevent waste. My Invention has special reference to prior Letters
Patent granted to Thomas Coltmann, dated May 3rd, A.D. 1879, No. 1749, in
which Specification and Drawings reference is made to a peculiar arrangement of
delivery rollers or sections of rollers, which are caused to stand by the stopping of
a certain ratchet or catch wheel marked C in the said Drawings.
My improvements consist in applying the above named arrangement of rollers
and ratchet wheel to a "roller twisting" or doubling frame, and in combining
therewith a new arrangement of catch and fingers for stopping the revolution of
the ratchet wheel referred to, and for this purpose I employ a three armed lever,
in one end of which is a hole or guide eye, through which the thread passes on its
way to the spindle. The opposite end of the said lever is weighted or heavier, and
the middle armi is arranged to take into the ratchet wheel, so that when the thread
breaks the sections of the delivery rollers are instantaneously stopped and waste
prevented; or a double acting lever may be employed instead of the three armed
lever for stopping the revolution of the ratchet wheel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR AUTOMATICALLY BEATING AND STRETCHING SKINS AND GRAINING LEATHER
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Charles Henderson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th March 1880. A communi-
cation from abroad by Ernest Masurel, of Tourcoing, Jules Masurel, of
Roubaix, and Paul Masurel, of Roubaix, all in the Department of Nord, in
the Republic of France.
"E
ARTHUR CHARLES HENDERSON, of 6, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the
County of Middlesex. IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR AUTOMATICALLY
BEATING AND STRETCHING SKINS AND GRAINING LEATHER." A communication
from abroad by Ernest Masurel, of Tourcoing, Jules Masurel, of Roubaix, and
Paul Masurel, of Roubaix, all in the Department of Nord, in the Republic of
France.
The apparatus consists of two cylinders supported in a cast iron frame; one of
these is of cast iron and is grooved, the other is of wood, iron, or other matter,
cither smooth or covered or not with some hard substance, and is by preference iron
covered with india rubber.
These two cylinders are or may be of equal or unequal diameter, but both
should turn at the same circumferential speed, and should both rotate in the same
direction. If they are governed by cog wheels an intermediary is necessary.
The two rollers or cylinders are superposed, the upper one immediately above or
a little to the side; or they may be placed side by side and not one above the other,
the upper one being capable of separation from its. fellow by pressure on a pedal.
The machine can be thrown out of gear by a lever.
The driving band being slipped on the loose pulley the operative presses on the
pedal and lifts the upper cylinder about 10 centimètres, and whilst the cylinder is
thus held the workiman takes the skin, folds it breadth ways, the hair or grain
side inside, and inserts the folded end between the two cylinders at a point where
it is guided, and he lets the pedal rise by removing his foot therefrom; the upper
cylinder then descends and beats down upon the under cylinder, pressing the skin
at the point of contact; he then puts the machine in motion, and the upper
cylinder draws the skin along, the workman holding the end of it, and the under
roller expels it at a certain point; it is then repassed through the machine in the
same manner, but the opposite way, till the operation is completed.

page_text: One of the cylinders may be replaced by a table actuated by a rectilinear motion
in the same direction and at the same speed as the cylinder it replaces.
The grooved upper cylinder may either be above or below its companion, and in
working with thick leather the grooved roller should be of wood of sufficient size
with grooves of proportionate dimensions similar to those of the graining tool
which it supersedes.
Thus according to the nature and form of the cylinder or table sheeps' leather
can be beaten or stretched, goat skins grained, calf skins grained, and thick leather
chased.
AN IMPROVED PORTFOLIO FOR HOLDING AND EXHIBITING PORTRAITS AND OTHER PICTURES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmond Binnechère and Henri
Cochard at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th June
1880.
EDMOND BINNECHERE and HENRI COCHARD, of Paris, in Franco, Manufacturers.
"AN IMPROVED PORTFOLIO FOR HOLDING AND EXHIBITING PORTRAITS AND OTHER
PICTURES."
...
Our Invention relates to an improved construction and arrangement of portfolio
for holding and exhibiting photographic and other portraits and pictures.
'
The outer form of our portfolio is that of a pocket-book or wallet; it may be
secured when closed by a secret fastening or any desired lock or catch. It has back;
front, and side Baps, and an overlapping top, and being broad, square, and flat at
the base it will stand upright. It may be made exteriorily of any kind of leather,
velvet stuffs, silk, plush, or other suitable material, with or without metal fittings or
edgings, or it may be made of wood or of metal. Its size may be from that of
the smallest photograph to that of portraits life size, and it may be made to hold
any number of portraits or drawings, whatever number may be placed upon a leaf.
Our improved portfolio being stood upright, the leaves are laid or turned
downward, thus exposing or exhibiting the portraits or pictures successively, the
one after the other, by means of the arrangement which we will now proceed to
describe.
The bottom of the portfolio is formed of a series of folds of equal height; upon
cach of these folds is seated saddlewise a leaf or frame having one or more openings,
this leaf being hinged to turn backward and forward on the point or apex of the
fold, so that when the first leaf is turned down the second naturally takes its placo
by the opening of the next fold, and so on with the others. If the folds of this
portfolio are opened all together to their full breadth, the leaves or frames all stand
upright in file, separated from each other by the breadth of the fold.
The interior of the portfolio may be of leather, silk, velvet, plush, metal, cardboard,
paper or other material, and be ornamented with drawings, lithographs, gilding,
or any ornamentation which may be desired.
+