Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Sept., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 18th Oct., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 23rd Nov., 1888
I, RICHARD RICHARDSON HUTCHINSON, of 114 Edith Grove, Brompton, London, W.
Electrical and Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:
The object of my Invention is to reduce the weight of electric motors as hitherto
constructed, and also to reduce the cost of manufacture, and minimise the wear and
tear thereof.
In carrying out my Invention I form the poles of stampings, or pressed pieces of soft
iron, suitably curved to coincide with the circular form of the armature, and I also
form the core of the field magnets of stampings or pressed pieces, placed vertically on
both sides of the poles, and alternately between the stampings and held in position by
means of transverse studs and nuts, and pieces of soft iron are interposed between the
divisions of said core, so as to form a solid mass of homogeneous iron as a magnetic
core, and are held in place by a transverse rivet or rivets. Four screwed studs are
placed transversely through the angles of the laminations forming the poles, and
washers are interposed between the divisions thereof so as to allow of pressure being
applied when the whole is screwed tightly together. Said studs project sufficiently
beyond the poles to carry winged bearing blocks on both sides and rigidly attach the
same to the poles of the motor. I also arrange that the same pattern may serve for
both bearings, the varying distance from the poles for allowing free rotation of the
commutator being compensated by means of suitable tubular distance pieces, placed
upon the studs aforesaid, between the bearing blocks and the poles. The screwed
portion of said studs is sufficiently extended beyond the nuts holding the bearing blocks
to enable the motor to be suspended thereby in either a horizontal or a vertical position,
and rigidly held by means of supplementary nuts placed upon said extensions of the
studs before mentioned.
I form the armature core of stamped segments of soft iron, with two holes in each
segment, so that three such segments may constitute a circular ring, and be supported
by six insulated studs. In building up said armature core, 1 arrange said rings in

page_text: such a manner that the divisions between the segments do not coincide but are
alternate in each ring, thus imparting strength and rigidity to the armature core when
the nuts upon the studs are tightened..
I cause each segment to be coated with any suitable insulating compound, such as
asbestos paint, before being placed in position, thus preventing the circulation of
so-called Foucault currents in the core while the motor is working.
The armature core being built up in the manner above described, I mount it upon
suitable wheel ends by means of the projecting ends of the studs, and attach the same
to the spindle or shaft by keying, or an equivalent method or device.
I also provide two rollers, held by spring brackets, clipped or otherwise attached to
the distance pieces upon the studs before referred to, which pass through the poles, or
to any other part of the frame of the motor that may be suitable, interposing a ring
or block of insulating material so that said rollers and the spring brackets carrying
them, may be insulated from each other. Said rollers are caused to press upon the
commutator at the proper angle, and form a substitute for the wire or plate brushes
generally employed in such motors as hitherto constructed.
By the adoption of the roller contacts constructed in the manner above described, I
am enabled to reverse the direction of rotation without moving said contacts, by means
of reversing the direction of the electric current flowing round the field magnet coils,
or I may arrange a moveable quadrant carrying the spring brackets aforesaid, and
accomplish said reversal of rotation by the use of one set of contacts only. The wear
of the commutator and contacts is, by the adoption of the contacts according to
my invention, considerably minimised, and the control and regulation of the motor
facilitated. I may however, employ compound rollers of graphite and metal plates
to effect the same object.
The method of building up the field magnet cores, poles, and armature core herein-
before described, enables me to construct electric motors of different rates of power,
using the same stampings and castings, and simply varying the length thereof, and
number of pieces forming the poles and armature rings.
The weight, relatively to the efficiency of said improved electric motor is lower
than has hitherto obtained in the construction of such motors, because I am enabled.
to form the magnetic cores of perfectly homogeneous metal, without superfluous stands
or brackets in connection therewith, or any mass of metal or substance that is not
actually used when the motor is running.
Dated this 18th day of September 1888.
FREDK. WALKER & HYDE,
4, Little Moorfields, London, E.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: [ RICHARD RICHARDSON HUTCHINSON of 114 Edith Grove, Brompton,
London, S. W. Electrical and Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and, by the following statement:-
"
The object of my Invention is to reduce the weight of electric motors as hitherio
constructed and also to reduce the cost of manufacture and minimise the wear and
tear thereof.
In order that my Invention may be clearly understood, I have appended the
accompanying sheet of drawings; in which Figure 1 represents an end elevation,
partly in section, of the improved electric motor according to my invention, and
Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of the same upon the line A B Figure 1 and
Figure 3 is a plan view of said motor. Figures 4, 5 and 6 represent certain details,
hereinafter to be described and referred to, and Figure 7 is an end view of the roller
contacts provided in lieu of brushes. Like letters of reference indicate corresponding
parts throughout the several views.
In carrying out my Invention I form the poles of the field magnets of iron
stampings, pressed pieces of soft iron, or forgings, shewn in detail by Figure 4, and
in position by A, Figures 1, 2 and 3. Said pole pieces A are suitably curved to suit
the circular form of the armature, and if stamped or pressed, boring or tooling is
unnecessary, in order to obtain a truly circular polar surface, interiorly.
:
I also form the cores of the field magnets of other stamped, pressed, or forged
pieces of soft iron, shaped as shewn by Figure 5, and indicated by the letter B upon
the several views of the motor. I place these latter pieces B at right angles to and
between each pole piece A, thus leaving alternate open spaces in the poles when built
up for purposes of ventilation. The whole are firmly attached together by means of
studs or bolts h passing longitudinally through suitable holes bored or punched in the
extremities of said stampings. In order to obtain a core that is, for all practical
purposes homogenous, and yet of sufficient sectional area to allow of the proper
magnetic intensity of the field, I fill the alternate spaces between the pieces forming
soid cores by placing between each a slip of soft iron, and rigidly bracing the whole
together by means of studs or rivets a. 1 also pass studs furnished with screw
threads at each end, through the pole pieces, interposing washers in the spaces
between cach lamination of said poles to act as distance pieces, and allow of the
whole being tightly screwed together without straining said pole pieces transversely.
Said studs project sufficiently beyond the poles to allow of the winged bearing
blocks of brass or other non-magnetic metal being supported thereby. In order to
admit of the same pattern of bearing block C being used for either end of the motor,
and also to allow space for the commutator and contacts, I provide tubular distance
pieces D, truly faced, so that the bearings, when bored, may be properly aligned,
and adjusted to be concentric with the bore of the pole pieces.
The screwed portion of said studs b projects sufficiently beyond the bosses formed
on the bearing blocks C to allow of nuts being placed thereon for rigidly holding
the whole together, and also affording a means for bolting or attaching the motor when
complete to any foundation, framework or machine, either in a vertical, horizontal or

page_text: ,
angular position, supplementary nuts being then fitted to the projecting screwed
portion of the studs b for that purpose.
1 prefer to wind the requisite coils of insulated wire for the magnetization of the
fieid magnets upon metal bobbins, the body or central tube of which are preferably
made of soft charcoal iron sheet, and the flanges thereof of brass, zinc, or other
non-magnetizable metal or material, and the electrical connection of said wire coils
may be coupled in "multiple" or "serics" or multiple series," or may be so wound
as to be divisable into sections, which may be placed in circuit or cut out by means of
a suitable switch.
I form the armature core of the improved electric motor according to my Invention
of segmental punchings or stampings of soft iron, the shape of which is shewn by
Figure 6, and indicated by E, Figure 1. In the motor illustrated by the
accompanying sheet of drawings, three such segments form a complete ring,
but I do not confine myself to any number of divisions in such circle or ring.
In building up the armature core of rings formed of the segments E, I mount
the latter upon studs d, which are preferably surrounded by a sheath of insulating
material c.
I
In this manner I am enabled to produce a hollow cylinder built up of successive
rings formed by the segments E. I cause each ring or layer to be so disposed as
to bring the joints or divisions between the segments alternately thus allowing of
greater structural strength than would be the case did the divisions between said
segments Ecoincide throughout the armature core. By this method or building
the armature core I am enabled to construct a hollow cylindrical core, homogeneous
throughout, and with the molecular disposition of the mass of iron uniform
throughout, and parallel with the lines of force emanating from the field magnets,
and I am able to obtain the proper sectional area of said core in a less space than
is the case when ordinary laminations are employed, and where alternate spaces
are left open between such laminations, yet I am enabled, according to my
Invention, to obtain all the advantages of such lamination in obviating Foucault
or eddy currents, and waste of energy due to heat in the mass of the core.
prefer to coat each segment E with an insulating compound, impervious to the action
of heat, such, for instance as asbestos paint, or siliceous matter mixed with any
suitable vehicle or medium to facilitate its use as a paint or varnish.
I may wind the armature core as above described, either as a
armature according to the special application of the electric motor.
In mounting said armature, according to my Invention, I employ suitable wheel
ends F or discs, of non magnetic metal or material, and attach said wheel ends F
to the spindle G by keys, feathers, or other equivalent method or device. The
projecting ends of the studs d are arranged to pass through suitable holes formed
in said wheel ends F, and furnished with screw threads at the extremities thereof, so
that the wound armature may be tightly and rigidly held between said wheel ends F
and may truly revolve upon the spindle G within the poles A, without rendering it
necessary to provide a considerable amount of clearance, or to balance said armature.
In order that the tightening of the nuts upon the ends of the studs d, and con-
sequent compression of the wheel ends F, may not press upon, and injure the
insulation of the wire, I provide collars or distance pieces i, interposed between the
face of the core and the wheel ends.
<
ラ
drum or
ring"
I provide a commutator E, consisting of bars of drawn copper, or other suitable
metal, insulated from each other by strips of mica or other insulating material or sub-
stance, and firmly hold the whole upon the spindle by means of cupped washers and
lock nuts k.
In order to minimise the wear of said commutator while the motor is working
I provide as a substitute for brushes, the roller contacts shewn by Figure 7, where I
represents sections of the distance pieces D Figures 1, 2 and 3, and g is a clip
surrounding same. Bent flat springs f, carry brackets at the free extremities
thereof, in which rollers e are free to revolve, said rollers resting upon the commu
tator, and being of sufficient length to suitably conduct the current of electricity to

page_text: the armature coils through said commutator. The clips are each insulated from
the distance piece D by means of a bush of any suitable insulating substance, and
terminals or connectors are attached thereto for the necessary electrical connections.
The thumb screws m admit of the adjustment of the tension of the collectors, and the
studs and nuts n also allow, of lateral adjustment of the point of contact on the
periphery of the commutator.
This method of arranging the collectors permits of the rotation of the armature
in either direction; reversal of the direction of rotation being sometimes accom-
plished by reversing the direction of the magnetizing current through the field
magnet coils, instead of altering the angle of commutation. I may however dispense
with the rollers e, substituting therefor a pad of metal wire gauze, with pulverized
graphite or plumbago compressed therein, said pads being held in position by means
of clamps fitted upon the springs f. Or I may use a short brush formed of rods or
pencils of graphite with a coating of copper or other metal deposited thereon by
electrolysis, or the rollers e herein before described, may be formed of alternate discs
of copper and graphite, or serrated or fluted discs filled or charged with compressed
graphite.
In each of the foregoing types of contact, the reversal of the direction of rotation
of the armature of the motor has no tendency to deteriorate or injure said contacts,
and I have found, in practice, that the combination of graphite with a good metallic
conductor eliminates sparking at the point of contact, and renders the wear of both
contacts and commutator negligible.
The special advantages possessed by the improved electric motor according to my
Invention, consist in the perfect homogenous structure of the magnetic cores whereby
each atom of metal is rendered fully active and the compactness of the whole when built
up. Also the facilities afforded by the divided poles for ventilation, and dissipation of
the heat generated in the armature coils, by free radiation, and further, the provision
made for attaching said motor to any frame, machine, or foundation, in any position,
without rendering a special bracket or frame of any kind necessary.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
First. In an electric motor the employment and arrangement of stamped, pressed or
forged pole pieces of soft iron E and magnet cores B with distance pieces, studs b, h,
and nuts to form field magnets; substantially as herein described and shewn in the
accompanying sheet of drawings.
Second. In an electric motor the employment and arrangement of segments of soft
iron E, to form an armature core, with studs and nuts d substantially as herein
described and shewn in the accompanying drawings.
Third. In an electric motor, the employments of clips g, Figure 7 bent flat
springs and roller contacts e substantially as and for the purposes herein described,
and shewn in the accompanying drawings.
Fourth. In an electric motor the combination and application of laminated pole
pieces A, magnet cores B, segments E with studs b, d, h, wheel ends F bearing
blocks C with anti-friction contacts as mentioned in the preceding claim, substantially
as herein described and set forth, and shewn in the accompanying sheet of
drawings.
FREDK. WALKER & HYDE,
4, Little Moorfields, London, E.C.,
Agents for Applicant.