Applicable for Obtaining Manure.
Year: 1885

page_text: Applicable for Obtaining Manure.
We, JOHN MAY HERBERT MUNRO Doctor of Science of Downton Salisbury
England and THOMAS WRIGHTSON Ironmaster of Stockton-on-Tees England do
hereby declare the nature of our invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREAT-
MENT OF "BASIC CINDER ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE FOR OBTAINING MANURE, to
be as follows:-
"
"
We utilize and render fit for use as a Manure the Material known as
" basic
cinder" or "basic slag" such as is produced in the manufacture of steel by the well
known "Gilchrist Thomas" or
" basic process-This material contains a large
proportion of Phosphoric Acid combined wholly or in part with lime and in
addition it contains caustic or free lime alumina oxides of iron and manganese,
magnesia silica, a small quantity of unoxidised sulphur and small quantities of
other substances which we think it unnecessary to enumerate.
The basic cinder to be treated by our process is to be reduced to a state of fine
division.
The Cinder reduced to a fine powder preferably such as will pass through a
sieve of 30 or 40 meshes to the inch is next to be thoroughly mixed and incor-
porated with a certain quantity of the substance known as "superphosphate" or
'superphosphate of lime."
The proportions in which the two substances are to be mixed will depend upon
the strength or quality of the superphosphate which is employed upon the com-
position of each batch of basic cinder used and upon the kind and quality of mixed
manure which it is desired to produce. We prefer to use what is known as "high
grade" superphosphate made from bone ash apatite rock guano or other rich
phosphatic material and containing 20 per cent or more of phosphoric acid in the
soluble condition but we do not restrict ourselves to the use of superphosphate of
any particular strength or made from any particular phosphatic material-The
soluble or monocalcic phosphate of lime in the super phosphate (together with any
free phosphoric and sulphuric acids which it may contain) is intended to react
chemically upon certain of the constituents of the basic cinder, the result of such
action being:
1. That the unoxidised sulphur contained in the cinder is immediately converted
into sulphuretted hydrogen gas and expelled from the mixture.

page_text: 2. That the soluble monocalcic phosphate of the superhosphate is wholly or
partly (according to the proportions used) acted upon by the free lime and other
free bases of the cinder and converted into precipitated phosphate of lime or
precipitated phosphates of magnesia and of the other bases present.
3. That the cinder acts as a "drier" towards the superphosphate.
The
As soon as the heat caused by the above mentioned chemical reactions has been
dissipated and the sulphuretted hydrogen gas has made its escape from the mixture,
the manure thus produced which is in the state of a fine dry powder slightly
caked or agglutinated together may be passed once through the mill commonly
used by superphosphate manufacturers for the final trituration of their manures
and delivered into bags for sale. Or the mixture of superphosphate and basic
cinder may be submitted to any further process which may be considered necessary
either to facilitate its sale as a manure or to utilize it in any other manner
manure prepared in the manner above described will contain a certain proportion
of "precipitated phosphates" of high manurial value a certain further proportion
of undissolved phosphates also of manurial value and (if the proportions of cinder
and superphosphate be adjusted with that object) also a certain proportion of
soluble or monocalcic phosphate of lime likewise of acknowledged manurial value.
It will moreover be free from injurious compounds of unoxidised sulphur and similar
substances the caustic lime contained in it will be wholly or entirely neutralized
by the acid of the superphosphate and the compounds of iron and manganese con-
tained in the mixture will be neither in such quantity nor in such forms of
combination as to be injurious to vegetation and these are some of the advantages
which we propose to confer upon the basic cinder by treatment according to our
-process as above described,
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents for the Applicants.

page_text: Applicable for Obtaining Manure.
We, JOHN MAY HERBERT MUNRO Doctor of Science of Downton, Salisbury,
England, and THOMAS WRIGHTSON, Ironmaster of Stockton-on-Tees England do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:---
well known
"
22
We utilise and render fit for use as a manure the material known as "basic
cinder" or "basic slag" such as is produced in the manufacture of steel by the
Gilchrist Thomas or "basic" process. This material contains a
large proportion of phosphoric acid combined wholly or in part with lime and
in addition it contains caustic or free lime, alumina, oxides of iron and manganese,
magnesia, silica, a small quantity of unoxidised sulphur and small quantities of
other substances which we think it unnecessary to enumerate.
We utilise the basic cinder in various ways for the production of a manure
containing (1) phosphoric acid chemically precipitated in combination with lime,
magnesia, oxide of iron or alumina and (2) the raw or undissolved phosphates of
the cinder and generally also (3) phosphoric acid combined with lime or other bases
to form "superphosphate" or phosphate soluble in water.
In whatever way this is to be brought about, the basic cinder should first be
reduced to a very fine state of division, the degree of fineness to which coprolites
and rock phosphates are usually ground by superphosphate manufacturers will
answer every purpose.
The cinder, reduced to a fine powder, is next to be thoroughly mixed and incor-
porated with a certain quantity of the substance known as "superphosphate" or
"superphosphate of lime."
The proportions in which the two substances are to be mixed will depend upon
the strength or quality of the superphosphate which is employed, upon the com-
position of each batch of basic cinder used and upon the kind and quality of
mixed manure which it is desired to produce. We prefer to use what is known
as "high grade" superphosphate made from bone ash, apatite, rock guano, or other
rich phosphatic material, and containing 20 per cent or more of phosphoric acid
in the soluble condition, but we do not restrict ourselves to the use of super-
phosphate of any particular strength or made from any particular phosphatic
material and we especially contemplate the use in certain cases, of the low grade
superphosphate or soluble phosphate made by treating the basic cinder itself with
sulphuric acid according to a separate patent applied for by one of us. The soluble
phosphate in the superphosphate (together with any free phosphoric and sulphuric
acids which it may contain) is intended to react chemically upon certain of the
constituents of the basic cinder, the result of such action being.
1. That the unoxidised sulphur contained in the cinder is converted into
sulphuretted hydrogen gas and expelled from the mixture.
2. That the soluble phosphate of the superphosphate is wholly or partly
(according to the proportions used) acted upon by the free lime and other free

page_text: bases of the cinder and converted into precipitated phosphate of lime or precipi-
tated phosphates of magnesia and of the other bases present.
3. That the cinder acts as a "drier" towards the superphosphate.
As soon as the heat caused by the above mentioned chemical reactions has been
dissipated and the sulphuretted hydrogen gas has made its escape from the mixture,
the manure thus produced which is in the state of a fine dry powder slightly caked
or agglutinated together may be passed once through the mill commonly used by
superphosphate manufacturers for the final trituration of their manures and
delivered into bags for sale. Or the mixture of superphosphate and basic cinder
may be submitted to any further process which may be considered necessary either
to facilitate its sale as a manure or to utilize it in any other manner. The
manure prepared in the manner above described will contain a certain proportion
of "precipitated phosphates" of high manurial value a certain further proportion of
undissolved phosphates also of manurial value and (if the proportions of cinder and
superphosphate be adjusted with that object) also a certain proportion of soluble
or monocalcic phosphate of lime likewise of acknowledged manurial value. It will
moreover be free from injurious compounds of unoxidized sulphur and similar
substances the caustic lime contained in it will be wholly or entirely neutralized
by the acid of the superphosphate and the compounds of iron and manganese
contained in the mixture will be neither in such quantity nor in such forms of
combination as to be injurious to vegetation and these are some of the advantages
which we propose to confer upon the basic cinder by treatment according to our
process as above described.
In some cases as for instance when we consider the quantity of free lime or free
base in the cinder excessive we neutralize a portion of this free base with sulphuric
acid before mixing the cinder with Superphosphate as above described. The
sulphuric acid for this purpose may be of Sp Gr. 1.50 or other convenient strength
and the partial neutralization of the cinder may be effected in the mixing machines
commonly used by superphosphate makers for effecting the mixture of sulphuric
acid with phosphatic materials.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is
"
1. The admixture of "basic cinder with "superphosphate" from any source
for the purpose of making a manure containing "precipitated. phosphates."
2. The use of basic cinder partially neutralized with sulphuric acid for the same
purpose.
3. The use of basic cinder as a "drier" to ordinary superphosphate containing
an excess of sulphuric acid..
D1