Improvement in Spanners or Wrenches.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Oct., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 4th July, 1894-Accepted, 4th Aug., 1894
PROVISIONAI. SPECIFICATION.
Improvement in Spanners or Wrenches.
I JOSEPH WALKER of 13/14 Augusta Street in the City of Birmingham, Die
Sinker do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of my invention is to make a spanner or wrench (for screwing up
nuts) with a movable jaw travelling in a slide, the said jaw being operated upon by
an eccentric quadrant or cam, for the purpose of rapidly obtaining a secure grip
of the nuts, thus doing away with the slow action of a screw now generally
in use.
In order to do this I construct a spanner or wrench, preferably of steel, one end
is the handle, which extends for about two thirds its total length, the other end is
widened out and formed into a frame, having an oblong opening or hole in its
centre. The extreme end of the opening is made V shape to fit two sides of a
sexagon nut, the two sides of the opening are made parallel and bevelled to hold
and allow of a movable jaw working freely backward and forward in the same.
The opposite end to the V is enlarged to allow the jaw to be inserted. The jaw
has two opposite sides parallel and grooved to fit and work in the before-described
oblong opening; the side of the jaw nearest the V shaped end of the opening is
also made V shaped to fit the two opposite sides of the nut.
I now make preferably from sheet steel an excentric cam having a pierced slot
running parallel and near to its outer curved edge; this cam I now pivot to the
frame at a short distance from the enlarged end of the opening in the same.
I now connect the cam with the movable jaw by means of a hard V shaped pin
or rivet passing through the pierced slot, the said pin being firmly fixed or rivetted
to the movable jaw, thus preventing the jaw being disconnected from the cam.
The action is as follows:-On desiring to tighten the spanner or wrench onto a
nut, the cam is partially revolved by the hand, causing the V shaped jaw to close
toward the corresponding shape in the frame; and by reason of the hard V shaped pin
pressing with one of its edges against the rough surface of the slot of the cam,
the pin being always in a straight line with the pin upon which the cam revolves,
all are kept secure and firm until the action is reversed, when the jaw is drawn
back and the nut released. The action of the cam is so quick that the spanner or
wrench can be rapidly changed to suit the largest or the smallest nut fọr which it
is constructed.
Dated this 23rd day of October 1893.
Improvement in Spanners or Wrenches.
I, JOSEPH WALKER, of 13 Augusta Street, in the City of Birmingham,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
This invention relates to the method of construction of metal spanners or
wrenches for use particularly by cyclists and others requiring a light adjustable
tool suitable for carrying in a wallet or in a pocket, and for like purposes where it
is desirable to have one spanner capable of being readily adjusted to suit varying
sizes of nuts and bolts.

page_text: In carrying my invention into effect when constructing a pocket spanner as
illustrated in the accompanying sheet of drawings, I make the handle and stock A
of steel with a sliding jaw piece C, and manipulating cam B, of the same metal so
as to combine lightness with strength.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1 is a plan of my spanner with the adjusting cam B arranged so that the
jaw space a, will suit a large size screw head or nut.
Figure 2 is a similar plan with the cam B in position for a smaller opening of
the jaw space.
Figure 3 is a side elevation of the complete spanner.
Figure 4 is a plan of the spanner stock or handle A having the sliding block or
jaw piece C, within the stock and the manipulating cam removed.
Figure 5 is a sectional end elevation through the spanner jaw with the sliding
block or jaw piece C also in section.
I make the spanner stock A with its handle end of a shape suitable for
manipulation, and with a closed head or end having an opening to receive the steel
block C, the edges of the block being curved or shaped to partly embrace and
slide upon the inner edges of the jaw opening; the jaw opening having an
-enlarged end a¹ as shown at Figure 4 to enable the jaw piece to be readily inserted
in the jaw opening. Upon the handle I pivot a cam plate B having a cam path or :
eccentric slot formed therein to receive a stud or projecting pin C, which I form
upon or attach to the jaw piece or sliding block C. The outer edge of the cam
plate B, I roughen for convenience in manipulation, and the inner or bearing
path of the curve I also sometimes roughen or serrate to prevent any tendency
to slip which may arise when the spanner is being used upon a tight screw
or nut.
To adjust the jaw opening I move the cam plate B upon its pivot D and thus
cause the cam curve 6 to advance and carry forward with it the connected block C
and stud piece C, the path of the eccentric curve & being formed so that one end
will carry the block to its extreme open position while the other end carries it to
the closed or contracted position.
1. sometimes make the handle end of the stock and the body of the cam plate
with an opening or openings formed therein when producing a very light tool.
I employ the same pivoted cam plate and sliding block when producing spanners
for heavier purposes, and I modify the shape and configuration of the handle end
to suit any particular requirement, and I make my parts by casting or stamping as
may be desired.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is: =
1. In an adjustable spanner or wrench, the use of an eccentrically mounted
quadrant plate or cam, having a curved path or slot provided within it to receive
a projecting stud or pin formed upon or attached to a sliding jaw plate or block,
substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described and as illustrated in
the accompanying drawings.
2. The combination and arrangement of a spanner or wrench frame having an
opening or jaw formed therein and a sliding jaw piece working within it, with a
cam plate attached to the frame for the purpose of moving the sliding jaw when
manipulated, substantially as and for the purposes herein before described, and as
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
DAL 03
T1004
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., and
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for the Applicant.