Improvements in the Construction of Presses for the Embellishment of Bricks or other Ceramic Products and a Method of Applying Enamel or other Powdered Substance to the said Articles.
Year: 1887

page_text: Improvements in the Construction of Presses for the Embellishment
of Bricks or other Ceramic Products and a Method of Applying
Enamel or other Powdered Substance to the said Articles.
I, JOSEPH VAN DE LOO of Bemmel near Nymwegen in Hollandia, Manufacturer do
hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF PRESSES FOR THE EMBELLISHMENT OF BRICKS AND OTHER CERAMIC PRODUCTS AND
A METHOD OF APPLYING ENAMEL OR OTHER POWDERED SUBSTANCE TO THE SAID
ARTICLES, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:
The object of the present invention is the construction of a press for the purpose,
to submit bricks and other ceramic products, manufactured in the usual way, to a
second process of pressure, in order to make such bricks or other articles thoroughly
sharp-edged and of better appearance.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 shows a side view of the press with partial vertical section,
Fig. 2 represents the plan,
Fig. 3 and 4 show the vertical and horizontal section of the mould I in combination
with the press-stamp C.
The frame A A mounted on the ground-plate G carries the crank-axle B which
causes by its rotation the ascending and descending motion of the press-stamp C.
One end of the shaft B carries the pulleys RR, the other end of the shaft the
crank D, which in combination with drawing-rod E and angle lever E' E' causes
T
Fig. 1 shows a side view of the press with partial vertical section,
Fig. 2 represents the plan,
Fig. 3 and 4 show the vertical and horizontal section of the mould I in combination
with the press-stamp C.
The frame A A mounted on the ground-plate G carries the crank-axle B which
causes by its rotation the ascending and descending motion of the press-stamp C.
One end of the shaft B carries the pulleys R R, the other end of the shaft the
crank D, which in combination with drawing-rod E and angle lever E' E' causes
another lever to move to and fro.
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page_text: To the vertical shaft W, the bearings of which are mounted on the ground-plate G
and the frame A A, is fixed the rotating table H which carries the press-moulds I I.
This table is supported on its periphery by the rollers »r, mounted on the ground-
plate G.
Connected with the shaft W is also the transporting disk or ratchet wheel T which
is set in motion by the clicks ss in connection with the click disk S, the latter
rotating loosely on the shaft W. The click disk S is set in motion in intermissions by
the lever F.
This motion is so calculated, that at each stroke of the press another mould
takes its position under the press-stamp C.
The drawing shows the table H arranged with 5 press moulds, but the number of
these moulds may be increased or diminished according to the size of the press.
To secure under all circumstances an exact adjustment of the table H the periphery
of the same is provided with notches, corresponding to the number of the moulds, for
the reception of a click in combination with a spiral spring and connected with the
frame A A. After partial rotation of the table H, the latter is held firmly in its
position by means of the click. As soon as the pressure is effected, the crank shaft B
in its further rotation lifts by means of the eccentric h and the lever m m² m² m³ the
click and liberates the table for further rotation.
The press moulds I and the press-stamp C are constructed in that way, that their
wedge-shaped closing-edges press against the surface of the mould in such a manner,
that by closing the mould, the surplus-material is cut off and the result is a complete
filling of the mould.
The surplus-material being cut off by the wedge-shaped edges finds an easy egress
and does not interfere with the closing of the mould.
A further improvement consists in the construction of the press moulds in such a
manner, that the press stamp C encloses the side-flaps of the lower part of the
mould I on all sides during the operation of pressing, so that the different parts are
held together by the action of the press stamp C and the different parts of the
mechanism for acting on the side flaps are not interfered with.
This object is obtained by means of side plates oo which are connected with the
press stamp enclosing the side flaps K K during the descending movement of the stamp
and remaining in this position as long as the pressure continues. As soon as the press-
stamp, in its ascending movement leaves the mould, the side flaps K K are liberated
and free to follow the action of the mechanism for opening them. The closing and
opening of the press moulds attached to the table H is effected automatically by the
rotation of the table in the following way:
Underneath every one of the press moulds moves in vertical direction a guide
block U in connection with the side arms L L acting by means of the guide rods t t
on the side flaps K K. Each guide block U carries a roller rotating on a central
plane of the ground plate G. Underneath the press stamp Can inclined plane M
enforces an ascent of the guide block U and by means of the guide rods the
closing of the side flaps K K is effected. After the pressure has been finished, the
guide-block U, in consequence of the continuous rotation of the table, H desconds
the inclined plane and the side flaps are opened again.
To insure the opening of the side flaps K K and to avoid shocks, in case the raw-
material should stick to the flaps and prevent their action, one of the long side flaps
is provided with a shoulder, which by rotation of the table strikes against a projection
of the frame thereby liberating the side flaps of every impediment.
The press moulds are open during the greater part of the rotation of the table and
are closed by means of the guide block U at the moment, the mould reaches the
position underneath the press-stamp.
The bearings P P of the crank shaft B are movable and connected with the lever h
and the counter-weight G¹. The lever is brought into the desired position by means
of the band wheel y and the spindle n. The pressure, which it may be desirable to
give to the brick in the press mould can be regulated ad libitum by the position of the

page_text: counter weight G¹. In case that the pressure should become greater than the action
of the weight, the bearings P P and the crank shaft B are lifted and in consequence
the pressure is diminished.
The thickness of the brick can also be regulated to the greatest exactness at a
certain pressure, by means of the hand wheel y and the spindle
12.
The apparatus for cleaning the surface of the press stamp C automatically is illus-
trated in fig. 3 (enlarged scale).
Two guide rods ffare attached sidewards to the press stamp C in connection with
the guide cylinders g the latter sliding alternately to and fro. The two guide cylinders,
held by the clicks zz bear the shaft or rail of a brush cylinder or ductor w.
Connected with this shaft are two drawing rods held in action by the blade
spring R which latter is fastened to the frame A A. On the shaft is fixed the
lever acting on the drawing rods and the brush cylinder or ductor w in such a
way that after every stroke of the press the drawing-rods x are forced aside, and
the brush cylinder or ductor w is held by the clicks ==. When the press stamp C is
lifted, the lever pushes against the projection, the clicks become disengaged and
the brush cylinder or ductor w, pressed by the spring R passes over the surface of
the press stamp C. By means of the lever p the brush cylinder or ductor w is then
brought again into its former position.
The ceramic products, manufactured by this process of second pressing may be
einbellished by throwing or blowing finely powdered mineral substances over the
damp surfaces of the ceramic products, before the latter are submitted to the second
pressure.
This object is obtained in the following manner:
The mineral substances which are to form the cover, are reduced to a fine powder
by proper machinery and brought in a dry state into the dispersing apparatus, which
may consist in a ventilator, or capsule-blower or any other blowing mechanism. By
means of this dispersing apparatus a continuous, uniform stream of the powdered
material is produced and blown against the damp surfaces of the ceramic products,
exposed to the stream, forming a thin cover of equal thickness; a further deposition
of the powder not taking place, after the surface of the brick ceases to be damp.
After this manipulation the ceramic products, covered with the powdered material are
exposed to the before described second pressure.
The moisture of the raw-material, which rises to the surfaces of the brick during the
pressure, combines with the powdered material and forms in consequence a uniform
covering of the brick or other ceramic product.
When the bricks or other ceramic products are burned, the mineral powder, with
which the products are covered forms a combination with the original raw-material
and gives the articles manufactured in this way the desired appearance.
In this way any colour or lustre may be given to the said ceramic products,
depending merely on the choice of the powdered material, blown on the surfaces of
the articles.
White or coloured clay, glass-powder, gravel, slag, quartz and other substances may
be used for this purpose, according to the desired appearance of the surfaces of the
ceramic products.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :
1). The application of a press-mould, fitted with side flaps, the edges of which are
wedge shaped in such a manner, that the inner side of one side Hap matches the
wedge-edged surface of the other side flap, for the purpose of cutting off the surplus
material and causing a perfect closing of the mould on all sides.
2). The application of an inclined plane M in connection with the guide block or
lever U, for the purpose of closing and opening automatically the moulds during their
rotation.
3). The application of a press stamp C which encloses the side flaps of the moulds

page_text: on all sides, in order to ensure a perfect closing of the said side flaps, during the
operation of pressing.
4). The holding and fastening of the rotating table H by means of a click or pawl,
which is put out of action at the moment, the pressure ceases, by means of the
eccentric n, connected with the shaft B and the lever m m¹ m² m³.
5). The mounting of the crank-shaft B in pendulum bearings P P in connection
with the pressure mechanism G¹, which has the object of lifting automatically the
shaft B, by reaching the maximum pressure and to regulate the force and movement
of the press stamp C.
6). The application of an apparatus for cleansing the press stamp C consisting of
the guide rods ff, the brush cylinder or ductor u, being connected with the guide
cylinders 9 9 the drawing rods which are acted on by the spring R and the
lever for the purpose of leading the brush cylinder or ductor w over the surface
of the press stamp C. The ductor is brought back into its original position by the
lever
7). The method of embellishing the surfaces of ceramic products, that is to say,
the throwing or blowing of finely powdered mineral materials over the surfaces of
such products, uniting the powdered substances with the raw-material by means of
second pressure.
A. KUHNT & R. DEISSLER,
Berlin, C, Germany, 38, Alexanders.
Attorneys.