matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING RIBBONS, TRIMMINGS, FRINGES, AND HEALDS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Benoit Chapuis at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th May 1857.
I, PIERRE BENOIT CHAPUIS, of 3, Place des Repentirs Guilliotiere, Lyons,
in the Empire of France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING RIBBONS,
TRIMMINGS, FRINGES, AND HEALDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in improved combinations of mechanism for working
the shuttles containing the weft for weaving ribbons, trimmings, or fringes,
or the cord or thread for weaving healds. The shuttles are moved laterally,
as well as to and fro, for causing them to pass through the sheds of the warps,
and to cross each other so as to loop their threads together, each shuttle
being alternately taken hold of and liberated by travelling pieces furnished
with springs and retaining or releasing catches. In weaving healds or deep
fringes two moveable pins are required, around which the weft is looped by
the shuttles. The warps requisite to weave ribbons, trimmings, or fringes,
or the tubular fabric forming part of the healds, as described in former
Letters Patent granted to me, are actuated by a jacquard or other suitable
machinery.
In addition to the machinery above described for weaving healds, it is
sometimes requisite to add a moveable nipper, which takes hold of one of the
weft threads, doubles in into a loop, and retains it in that position while the
same shuttle is drawn through the loop. By this means the male or eye of

page_text: the heald is formed. In other cases, the tubular fabrics above referred to,
forming part of the healds, are dispensed with.
My Invention also consists in making the machinery so that two or more
ribbons, trimmings, fringes, or healds may be woven at the same time, and
the various working parts actuated by the same mechanism, the parts being
placed in suitable positions above each other, or side by side, or both, each
warp having a separate reed, but all the reeds actuated by the same mechanism,
thereby economising space and time in manufacturing such articles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING VESSELS BY MEANS OF HEATED AIR WITHOUT SCREW OR PADDLE, THEREBY SAVING FUEL AND SHIPS' ROOM
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by C. G. Kopisch at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th October 1857.
I, C. G. KOPISCH, 61, Gibson Square, Islington, London, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING VESSELS BY
MEANS OF HEATED AIR WITHOUT SCREW OR PADDLE, THEREBY SAVING FUEL AND
SHIPS' ROOM," to be as follows:-
In every steam engine the steam is not the original power, but the heat.
More than half of the heat, and therefore of the power, escapes through the
chimney or funnel. In order to save that power I use a blowing machine of
less or more power and pressure, according to the depth of the ship, for driving
cold air through the grates of the boilers; consequently this air is heated at
1000° or more. A part of that heat is lost in making steam, but the remain-
ing part leaves the air expanded to double or more times its volume; thus
the previous power of the blowing machine is doubled for its application.
This heated air rushes out into the water at the required speed and pressure
through tubes on the sides or behind the ship, in the opposite direction of
her sailing, and thus she is moved without screw or paddle, like the rocket by
gunpowder, or the Scotch mill by water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING LAND FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas, Earl of Dundonald, at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th August 1857.
I, THOMAS, Earl of DUNDONALD, Admiral of the White, of 5, Osnaburgh
Terrace, Regent's Park, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING LAND FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved method of preparing land for
agricultural purposes, and consists in the employment of a suitable instrument
or cultivator, by which the subsoil is raised from beneath the surface soil, and
is at the same time effectually mixed therewith, and when so incorporated
deposited in such manner as to form transverse ridges and furrows or drainage
channels, whereby the drainage is more effectually attained, and the prepara-
tion or incorporation of the surface and subsoils effected with less expenditure
of power, and, consequently, in a more economical manner. This I effect by
adapting cutters, blades, or prongs of metal, attached to the periphery of
a revolving cylinder or suitable axis, which receives its motion from the axis of
the bearing or driving wheels, to which it is united by means of a suitable
frame. These cutters, blades, or prongs extend across the surface or space to
be operated on, and may be placed diagonally or otherwise, being connected
with the frame by side stays, which act as coulters in dividing the soil longi-

page_text: tudinally. The velocity of the cutters, blades, or prongs (which have a rotatory
motion), should be greater than that of the circumference or periphery of the
bearing or driving wheels (which are fitted with projections to prevent
slipping), so as to ensure the displacement and mixing of the subsoil with
that above it, which, being together thrown on to the surface transversely
to the line of motion is formed into alternate ridges and furrows, the ends
or extremities of which terminating in and communicating with the longi-
tudinal furrows at the sides, previously. or simultaneously made, insures a
more uniform and freer discharge of the drainage water. Where desirable
for facilitating the deposit of the seed longitudinal furrows may be formed
on the surface by an indented roller following in the rear of the instrument
before described, and attached to the same frame or not, as found most
convenient, by which arrangement I am enabled to prepare the land more
effectually for cultivation, and at less cost.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE IN THE BURNING OF GAS
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Augustus De Reginald Hely
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd May 1857.
I, ALFRED AUGUSTUS DE REGINALD HELY, of Oxford Street, in the County
of Middlesex, Glass Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE IN THE BURNING OF GAS," to
be as follows:
The object of my Invention is to diminish the injurious and obnoxious
effects produced in the burning of gas, especially as used for lighting purposes,.
by more effectually consuming and regulating the escape of the gascous
products, heated air, smoke, &c. This object is carried out by stopping the
upper orifice of a common gas glass shade or chimney with a hollow lid of
any sufficient heat-resisting material, completely closed at the top and sides,
but ventilated at the bottom, where it projects at one or more places beyond.
the said orifice by apertures, which in their aggreagate area should not be
less than the area of the lower orifice of the said shade or chimney.
I likewise carry out the object of my Invention by fitting the upper orifice
of a common gas glass shade or chimney with, a projecting piece or pieces
of any sufficient heat-resisting material, so joined to a lid or lids of the same
nature as to leave the desired area of escape between the lid and the projecting
piece. But I recommend the method first described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GUIDES OR CONDUCTORS TO BE APPLIED TO MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR WINDING OR COILING CHAINS, ROPES, LINES, THREAD, WIRE, OR OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Massey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th November
1857.
I, WILLIAM MASSEY, of Newport, in the County of Salop, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GUIDES
OR CONDUCTORS TO BE APPLIED TO MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR WINDING
OR COILING CHAINS, ROPES, LINES, THREAD, WIRE, OR OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES,"
to be as follows, that is to say:-
I propose to apply to all machinery or apparatus that may be employed for
any of the purposes above named a portion of the improvements lately
invented by me, and for which Her Majesty's Royal Letters Patent, bearing
date the 12th day of May, A. D. 1857, entitled "Improvements in Engines for
the Cultivation of Land by Steam Power," have been granted, and the Final
Specification of which Invention has been duly filed by me.
I take the guide rods therein described, consisting of a rod or rods having
double or right and left-handed grooves cut spirally upon the surface or
surfaces thereof, one running from left to right and the other from right to
left, and a follower working in such grooves as therein stated, and apply these
guide rods in any suitable manner to any machine or apparatus employed for
winding or coiling chains, ropes, lines, thread, wire, or other similar articles,
and which it is desirable should be coiled, or wound, or regularly and evenly
laid, without abrasure, upon drums, capstans, barrels, reels, or such like
mechanical contrivances.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE BITS OF HORSES
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Decastro Jones at tho
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd March 1857.-A communication.
I, FREDERICK DECASTRO JONES, of No. 29, Tavistock Street, Covent Garden,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE BITS OF HORSES," to be
as follows:-
The mouthpiece of theso bits is hollow and pierced with small holes, thereby
allowing to be immediately introduced at the ends, closed with screws, a sub-
stance of any sort, such as honey, sugar, &c., which in melting goes into the
Iforse's mouth, refreshes him, prevents immediate hunger and coughing, and
permits of the horso making a longer journey without eating. Besides these
advantages, these bits are more solid, lighter, and cost very little more than the
ordinary bits.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING VEHICLES OR CARRIAGES IN MOTION
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Wheelhouse and John
Greenwood at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 5th June 1857.
We, THOMAS WHEELHOUSE, of Salford, near Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, and JOHN GREENWOOD, of Pendleton, in the said County, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING
VEHICLES OR CARRIAGES IN MOTION," to be as follows:-
We place or fix a fan under or upon the carriage to be acted upon, or
motion given to, by the revolution of the wheels in motion; to provide. for
the outlet or inlet of air from the said fan, we attach a tube or tubes of any
suitable metal or material to surround the vehicle or carriage, either inside,
outside, or both, as may be found desirable; the terminus of the said tube or
tubes to be at any convenient position of the carriage for escape of the air. At
or adjacent to each individual seat of the carriage we may introduce a hole or
slot in the tube or tubes, with a cover or slide to be opened or closed at the
will or convenience of the person occupying each individual seat, so that each
person may be able to ventilate at discretion. It is quite evident that this
Invention is applicable to omnibuses, railway, and other carriages.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF NAILS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Haile at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th January 1857.
I, JOHN HAILE, of Warren, Rhode Island, in the United States of America,
at present residing at Birmingham,, in the County of Warwick, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF NAILS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of certain improvements, more particularly applicable
to the machinery for the manufacture of wrought nails, the subject of a Patent
granted to George Tomlinson Bousfield, on the Fifteenth day of May, A.D.
1855, in which machinery are employed gripping dies in combination with
moveable cutters, the blank for the nails being by certain mechanical means
pushed out end ways to receive the operation of heading. I propose to dispense
with all those parts of the machine which are connected with the advancing
or pushing out of the blank for the nail towards the header, thereby greatly
simplifying the construction of the machine. Instead of advancing the blank
to be headed outwards, I raise the blank into a groove in the top shear and
cause the bed shear to be removed out of the way; the blank is then gripped
between the top shear and the upper and lower gripping dies, one gripping
die being advanced towards the top shear to form the nail, and afterwards
receding to allow the nail to drop. The top shear has a groove or matrix
of the form of the nail sunk in that edge, which will meet the two gripping
dies, these gripping dies forming the third and fourth sides of the matrix.

page_text: The matrix, as above described, is cut out of the solid top shear. Should it be
preferred, I can make a separate die to form the upper side of the nail, and
attach it either to the frame of the machine or to the top shear, avoiding the
labour of cutting the solid!
AN IMPROVED METALLIC COMPOUND APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF VARIOUS USEFUL AND ORNAMENTAL ARTICLES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Sharman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th October
1857.
I, WILLIAM SHARMAN, of Sheffield, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METALLIC COMPOUND
APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF VARIOUS USEFUL AND ORNAMENTAL ARTICLES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in combining or mixing fine or foreign zinc with
lead and tin in certain proportions not heretofore employed in the manufacture
of metallic compounds, or alloys of metals intended for practical use in manu-
factures. I am aware that small quantities of zinc, not exceeding five per
cent. or thereabout, have heretofore occasionally been added to pewters and
white metals in the manufacture thereof, but such addition has been found to
be practically valueless, owing to the small per-centage of zinc used. This
objection I propose to surmount by employing from 10 to 18 per cent. of
fine or foreign zinc in the manufacture of the above-mentioned improved
metallic compound, which I am enabled to accomplish by adopting a peculiar
mode of mixing the aforesaid zinc, lead, and tin together, which enables me to
ensure the thorough admixture of from 10 to 18 per cent. of fine or foreign
zinc, as before mentioned, with from 10 to 18 per cent. of lead, and from
64 to 80 per cent. of tin.

page_text: The process adopted by me in mixing or combining together the metals is
as follows:-Instead of placing the aforesaid three metals promiscuously in a
crucible and fusing them all together, I first melt the zinc at as low a
temperature as possible; I then add, by small quantities at a time, the tin,
taking care at each addition to ensure thorough and perfect admixture of the
metals, by stirring (by preference) with a piece of green wood, having found
in practice that the gases given off and the carbon formed thereby prove
beneficial in reducing any oxyde which may exist in the metals. The addition
of the tin being completed, I next add the lead, stirring it as before mentioned.
The metal may now be cast into any desired form. For soldering the above
metallic compound, I use an alloy of tin, lead, and bismuth, in the proportion
of about one part bismuth, two parts tin, and two parts lead, using less
bismuth for fine work than for other work.
IMPROVEMENTS FOR THE BETTER ILLUMINATION OF THE "DAVY LAMP
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Arthington and Henry
Smith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 25th June 1857.
We, JOSEPH ARTHINGTON, Brass Founder, and HENRY SMITH, Brass Finisher,
both of Huddersfield, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS FOR THE BETTER ILLUMINATION OF THE
"DAVY LAMP," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to the lamps used by miners, and commonly known
as the Davy lamp, or Davy's safety lamp; and our improvements consist in
the use or employment of naptha or mineral spirit, instead of oil or other
substances now used therewith, whereby we obtain a better light with less
danger.
AN IMPROVED WASHING OR FULLING MACHINE
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Avery at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st May 1857.-A
communication from Jean Louis Boucher.
I, JOHN AVERY, of 32, Essex Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED WASHING OR FULLING MACHINE," (a communication from Jean Louis
Boucher,) from abroad, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in an improved apparatus for washing, fulling, or
milling all kinds of cotton, linen, or woollen fabrics or materials. In the
annexed Drawings, A is the box or receptacle into which the materials to be
cleansed are placed; B is the framework; C, fly wheel, operated by the
handle D; E, small cog wheel, gearing into the large cog wheel F, to which
is attached a crank G, H, to give an oscillating motion to the box A, which
rests on an axle I. More than one box or receptacle may be employed if
required. The oscillating motion obtained by this mechanical arrangement
prevents the mixing and entangling of the materials operated on, which result
from the rotary washing machines.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN HAYMAKING MACHINES
Year: 1857

page_text: CILO
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wyatt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th July
1857.
I, WILLIAM WYATT, of Bury St. Edmunds, in the County of Suffolk,
Farmer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HAYMAKING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My said improvements consist mainly in a novel mode of adjusting tho
distance of the forks from the ground, in placing the fork barrels farther
behind the driving wheels than customary, in providing a loose sliding grooved
pinion or pinions for reversing the motion of the fork barrel, and in having
the tips or ends of the forks in the form of a single tinc flattened out.
The framing to which the driving wheels is attached carries the fork barrels
beyond the driving wheels, and this frame has in front a perforated adjusting
sword or brace set vertically, and the frame has also an extra shaft frame
moving on pivots at the sides, and has a key or screw opposite the sword,
working into the perforations, for raising or depressing the main frame as may
be required, and securing it thereto. The shafts are attached to this extra
frame by brackets with bolts. The fork barrel has at each end grooved
pinions, which slide in or out of gear for reversing the motion; and the forks
have their tips or ends flattened in the form of a single tine, enabling them to
perform the functions of the fork, whether moved forwards or backwards.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE. OP. INDIA-RUBBER Goons
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bennett Johns Heywood at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on tho
26th June 1857.
I, BENNETT JOHNS HEYWOOD, of Leicester Square, in the County of Middle-
sex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE. OP. INDIA-RUBBER Goons," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to combine in one fabric the qualities of
hard and soft rubber, and thereby to produce a material that admits of a
variety of useful applications.
In carrying out my Invention, I combine in their green state vulcanized.
india-rubber compounds, prepared so as to retain respectively, when cured by
the application of heat, permanent clasticity and rigidity, and thus produce a
flexible or semi-flexible material that will not be liable to collapse when made
up into hollow articles, such as hose for fire-engines, trunks, cases, boats, &c.
When preparing the material for hose, I apply to a sheet of green elastic
rubber strips of the green hard rubber, and this material while in its plastic
state I submit to a rolling pressure, and then form into a tube; I next submit
the compound to heat to complete the manufacture. Or, I effect the same
object by lapping round a cylinder abutting rings of the two compounds
alternately.

page_text: When applying my Invention to the production of a strong fabric for
portmanteaus, cases, &c., I cover a sheet of green elastic rubber with a sheet of
green hard rubber, and then apply over this a second sheet of green elastic
rubber, after which I submit the whole to pressure. On converting this fabric
by the application of heat in the well-known way, a strong semi-flexible
material will be produced. In order to increase tho flexibility, it is only
necessary to apply strips of the green hard rubber instead of a sheet, and these
strips may be parallel, and run lengthwise of the fabric, or they may be laid
across and across, like lattice work.
AN IMPROVE- MENT IN ROLLING IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hale at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th March
1857.
I, WILLIAM HALE, of Swan Walk, Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT IN ROLLING IRON AND STEEL," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in rolling iron and steel;
and the improvement consists in causing iron when being rolled to be twisted
in its grain. For this purpose the arrangement of the rollers for carrying out
my Invention may be varied, but it is preferred to cause a pair of grooved
rollers, in addition to their rotation on their own axes (for the purpose of
passing the heated iron or steel through between them), also to revolve about
the axis of the iron or steel, so as to twist the grain thereof.
REPRO- DUCING OR MAKING LEATHER FROM THE SHAVINGS; TRIMMINGS, CUTTINGS, SCRAPS, AND WASTE PIECES OF HIDES AND LEATHER
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Cole at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th December
1857.
I, CHARLES COLE, of the City and State of New York, United States of
America, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "REPRO-
DUCING OR MAKING LEATHER FROM THE SHAVINGS; TRIMMINGS, CUTTINGS, SCRAPS,
AND WASTE PIECES OF HIDES AND LEATHER," to be as follows:-
The great feature or peculiarity of such Invention consists in producing
from the shavings, trimmings, scraps, shreds, and pieces of hides & leather,
and which are made from the dressing and manufacture of hides and leather,
and which are almost wholly worthless for all ordinary uses, and of no value
for use as leather, large and available pieces or sheets of leather suitable for
use or manufacture in the various ways in which leather is used, and at a
trifling expense.
Such trimmings and pieces of hides and leather are first cleansed and purified
from all dirt and foreign matters, and are then treated and handled similarly
to paper materials for a like purpose, and then passed through an ordinary
paper engine, or any similar machinery by which their fibres are divided and
separated or drawn out, and the whole mass reduced to a complete and uniform
pulp.
After having been so separated and reduced to a pulpy mass, there is mixed

page_text: with it a sizing made of the hoofs, parings, &c. of skins containing the greatest
amount of glutinous matter, and in sufficient quantity to give the proper
character of adhesiveness between the parts, after which the whole is placed
in moulds or spread out into sheets, and then pressed or rolled like paper, to
give it the required compactness of structure, and then dried in any convenient
manner, when it is fit for use.
In the place of the sizing made from the hoofs, parings, &c. of skins, as
above mentioned, the article known as Manilla sizing may be used to mix with
the pulp, and with the same result. And when the article to be produced is
designed for uso in moist places or is desired to be waterproof, there is mixed
with the pulp, in addition to the sizing montioned, a solution of india-rubber or
gutta percha, or any other material which is impervious to water, and which
will render the article impervious with which it may be united or com-
pounded.
When thick or heavy sheets or pieces aro required they can be produced by
pressure, being dried either at the time of or after such pressure; but when
larger and thinner sheets are necessary, they can be formed by means of
rollers, heated or otherwise, and similar to those used in paper mills.
The Invention consists in preparing substantially upon the principles above
declared the waste parts and trimmings of hides and leather, and reproducing
them in sheets or continuous pieces, so that it can be made available for the
ordinary uses and purposes to which leather is applied.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PURIFYING SCHISTOUS OR BITUMINOUS OILS
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Avery at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th March.
1857.
I, JOHN AVERY, of 32, Essex Street, Strand, London, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF
PURIFYING SCHISTOUS OR BITUMINOUS OILS," a communication from Charles
Camus and Jean Missillier, of Paris, in the Empire of France, to be as
follows; and consists in submitting the crude or ordinary oils of this class to
the action of chloride of sodium, thereby depositing the impurities contained
in the oil. The dregs are then drawn off by a tap near the bottom of the
vessel in which the operation is performed. The oil is afterwards allowed to
stand for about twelve hours. The process is then repeated until the oil shall
have become disinfected and purified.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR CLEANING CARPETS AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
November 1857.-A communication.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office of Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR CLEANING CARPETS
AND OTHER FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel arrangement of machinery for beating and
brushing carpets and other fabrics requiring the like operations.
The carpet to be operated upon is strained over a pair of rollers mounted in
vertical standards, and it may be held at tension by means of a third roller
having a traversing motion, the ends of the carpet being connected together
to form an endless weh. Fixed to a cross-bar carried by the standards
is a series of elastic beaters, the lower ends of which are caught up by
revolving arms, and being suddenly let go the beaters will strike upon
the suspended carpet and beat out the dirt. As the operation proceeds a
progressive motion is given to the carpet. Above the beaters and extending
across the machine is a rotary brush, which is caused to act upon the carpet
and brush out the dust, that has been brought to the surface of the carpet
by the beaters. The bearings of the upper roller and that which has been
described as having a traverse motion, are carried by sliding frames, which aro
fitted with racks to admit of their adjustment by means of pinions mounted on
the main framing.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PRODUCING PRINTED OR DYED COLORS FROM MUREXIDE ON WOOLLEN FABRICS, OR YARNS, OR MIXED FABRICS, OR YARNS OF WOOL AND COTTON
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Littlewood and Albert
Schlumberger at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 5th August 1857.
We, JOHN LITTLEWOOD, of Church, near Accrington, in the County of Lan-
caster, Calico Printer, and ALBERT SCHLUMBERGER, of the same Place,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PRODUCING PRINTED OR DYED COLORS FROM MUREXIDE ON WOOLLEN
FABRICS, OR YARNS, OR MIXED FABRICS, OR YARNS OF WOOL AND COTTON," to be
as follows:-
For printing purposes we take fabrics or yarns of wool or mixed fabrics, or
yarns of wool and cotton, previously well bleached, and prepare them with
a mordant of binoxide of tin, or we give a compound preparation or mor-
danting of binoxide of tin and oxide of lead, or binoxide of tin and oxide of
mercury, or a mixture of all these together. After the preparation we print
on murexide mixed with a mordant of lead, or with a mixture of mordants
of lead and tin. When dry, we pass the goods into a mercurious solution,
and from this into water, and then dry. For dyeing the above descriptions
of goods with murexide, we first prepare them with solution of tin, and after
well washing dye in a solution of murexide in water only, then wash and
dry.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR IMPRESSING OR MARKING FIGURES OR DESIGNS UPON SILK, COTTON, OR OTHER SUITABLE SUBSTANCES EMPLOYED FOR LINING CAPS, HATS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Oury at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd September
1857.
I, PIERRE OURY, of No. 8, Hatton Garden, in the City of London, Cap
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR IMPRESSING OR MARKING FIGURES OR
DESIGNS UPON SILK, COTTON, OR OTHER SUITABLE SUBSTANCES EMPLOYED FOR LINING
CAPS, HATS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
In place of forming the figures or designs upon the silk, cotton, or other
substances used for lining caps or hats by means of stitches, I employ an
apparatus similar to an ordinary stamping press for stamping the figures or
designs thereon. I first prepare the silk or other substances when requisite,
by immersing in a solution of gum or other suitable substance; I place in the
lower part or bed of the press a matrix or plate of metal, having in relief
upon its face the figure or design intended to be impressed or marked upon.
the silk or other substance, and I heat the under side of the said plate of
metal by means of small gas jets issuing from a perforated vent pipe, or other
heat. I place the silk or other substance upon the figured plate heated to the
proper degree, as may be easily ascertained by experience, and by means of an

page_text: ordinary screw worked by a handle, I force down the presser plate of the press
upon the silk or other substances, and so with the requisite pressure I impress
or stamp upon the silk or other substances the required design or figure far
more conveniently and economically than by stitching by the ordinary
method.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF FORMING THE LEASE OR SHED IN SIZING, WARPING, OR WEAVING
Year: 1857

page_text: This Invention received Provisional Protection,
proceed
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Anderton Carruthers at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th January 1857.
I, JOHN ANDERTON CARRUTHERS, of Over Darwen, near Blackburn, in the
County of Lancaster, Reed Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF FORMING THE LEASE OR
SHED IN SIZING, WARPING, OR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
Instead of forming the lease or shed by hand as heretofore generally
adopted, I fix on a bar a number of washers corresponding with the number
of threads in the warp, every alternate washer being a little less in diameter
causes each alternate one to project on the surface, thus forming a kind of
porcupine cylinder, which I fix on bearers and place in any convenient position
under the warp threads, so as to be just in contact with them. The cylinder
being turned by a handle for the purpose, each projecting washer will catch
every alternate thread, and thus separating them forms the lease or shed at
once. It will be evident to all persons conversant with manufacturing woven
fabrics that this mechanical contrivance for forming the lease will be applicable
to the sizing, warping, or weaving processes.
IMPROVED METALLIC ALLOYS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Theophilus Henry Hastings Kelk
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th November 1857.
I, the Reverend THEOPHILUS HENRY HASTINGS KELK, of Tonge, near
Ashby-de-la-Zouch, in the County of Leicester, Clerk, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED METALLIC ALLOYS," to be as
follows:-
I take steel, nickel, tin, and copper, and mix and combine them in the
following proportions, that is to say, I take from one ounce to fifteen ounces
of steel, and combine it with from one quarter of an ounce to twelve ounces of
nickel, and with from half an ounce to twelve ounces of tin, and with from
half an ounce to fifteen ounces of copper. Any combination of these four
metals between the limits and in the proportions of the quantities of each as
stated, produces an alloy, the properties of which vary according to the
quantities of each metal taken within the proportional limits stated.
The mode of compounding or mixing these is similar to that generally
adopted in forming alloys, but when much tin is used the mixture should be
well stirred immediately before being poured into the moulds.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marcelin François Cavalerie at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th October 1857.
I, MARCELIN FRANÇOIS CAVALERIE, of 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in
the Empire of France, and 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE
POWER AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows, that is
to say:-
My Invention consists in the employment of compressed air in combination
with water, used as a resisting medium, for obtaining motive power, and in
the apparatus connected therewith. The apparatus or engine is composed of
a chamber or receiver, in which the air is compressed by means of a pump.
This receiver is placed in connection with an air cylinder furnished with a
piston, by means of a pipe, to which a stop cock is fitted. The rod of the
piston of the air cylinder is fitted to another piston working in a cylinder
containing water, and having a forked pipe fitted with stop cocks. One end
of the forked pipe communicates with the compressed air receiver, provided
with a safety valve. For locomotive purposes another similar arrangement
of pistons and cylinders may also be used, the whole being fitted to a frame
running upon
wheels.

page_text: Upon moving the engine along the rail by manual or horse-power, a
crank on the axle works the pump, and thus charges the air chamber with
compressed air. The stop cocks of the forked pipe in connection with the
water cylinder being successively opened, a pressure is given to the air
cylinder piston. The piston placed at the other extremity of the rod is
immersed in water, and, owing to the incompressibility of the liquid, it acts
as a fulcrum or point of resistance. In order to stop the engine a stop
cock fitted to the air cylinder is opened.
This motive power may be applied to all the purposes for which steam is
at present employed.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR CULTIVATING LAND, OR FOR CUTTING UP AND PULVERIZING THE SURFACE THEREOF
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Sheppard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th November
1857.
I, GEORGE SHEPPARD, of Fordingbridge, in the County of Hants, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY
FOR CULTIVATING LAND, OR FOR CUTTING UP AND PULVERIZING THE SURFACE
THEREOF," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improved machinery for cultivating land relates to a
novel arrangement or construction of parts, whereby the surface of the
land may be cut up and pulverized, so as to prepare it for the reception
of seed.
My improvements consist principally in the employment of a rotating
horizontal plate-wheel frame or platform, which is mounted on a vertical shaft
supported in suitable bearings, fixed on the framework of the carriage. On
the underside of this rotating plate wheel-frame or platform are fixed two,
three, or more vertical knives about nine inches long, or so arranged and
secured in their sockets as to project about nine inches below the rotating
frame, which must also be capable of being raised and lowered at will. The
framework or carriage upon which this rotating frame or platform is mounted,
is supported upon running wheels, so as to admit of the machine being drawn

page_text: over the land by horse or other labor. The motion of the running wheels is
transmitted by suitable gearing to the rotating platform or frame, so that as
the implement or carriage is drawn forward, the rotating frame or platform
may be driven with considerable speed, and upon lowering the rotating frame,
the vertical knives on the under side thereof will be made to enter and cut
into the surface of the land. In addition to the knives of the rotating frame,
other knives or shares may be secured in any convenient part of the fixed
framing for the purpose of either assisting in pulverizing the land, or to better
prepare the surface for the reception of seed.
Rollers or clod crushers may also, if desired, be adapted to the carriage and
used in combination with the rotating platform or frame; or, if preferred,
these additional and well-known appliances may be used separately. Although
I prefer to actuate the rotating frame or platform by means of gearing
connected with the running wheels, yet it may be convenient sometimes to
drive the frame by different and separate means.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN BOILERS AND FURNACES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Brotherhood at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th November
1857.
I, PETER BROTHERHOOD, of Chippenham, in the County of Wiltshire,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BOILERS AND FURNACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention, which has for its object the consumption of smoke and
economising of fuel, is applicable to the boilers of locomotive, marine,
stationary, or portable steam engines, and to furnaces of every description.
Instead of the ordinary fire-bars, the fuel rests upon a perforated metal plate,
in the holes of which are inserted the upper ends of a series of vertical tubes,
their lower ends being secured in the holes of a corresponding perforated plate,
so as to form a hollow chamber beneath the fire, through which chamber the
water circulates in connection with the rest of the water in the other part of the
boiler. The flame and products of combustion pass down through these tubes,
then up round a midfeather into the horizontal tubes or flues in the cylindrical
part of the boiler, and out of the chimney in the ordinary way. The fresh fuel
being placed on the top of the fire, the generated gases are drawn downward
by the draught, and passing through the mass of ignited fuel, enter into
combustion, and pass through the cylindrial part of the boiler as flame, thereby
creating an increased amount of heating surface, consuming the smoke, and
economising the fuel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SMOOTHING GLASS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Crossley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st April 1857.
I, JOHN CROSSLEY, of St. Helen's, Lancashire, Glass Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR SMOOTHING GLASS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for smoothing
glass. For this purpose the axis of the smoothing runner is caused to move
from end to end of the table on which the glass is fixed, and, by preference,
this movement is accomplished by a screw which passes through a nut fixed
to the axis of the runner, such screw receiving rotatory motion by suitable
gearing, first in one direction and then in the other, but the to-and-fro motion of
the runner axis may be accomplished by other means. The axis of the runner,
in addition to its to-and-fro motion, also receives rotatory motion, first in one
direction and then in the other, by means of a toothed wheel on the axis which
comes alternately into action with a succession of racks at intervals apart and
on opposite sides of the frame, or such alternate rotation of the axis of the
runner may be accomplished by other mechanism.
AN IMPROVED PROPELLER
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Armand le Comte de Fon-
tainemoreau at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 22nd June 1857.-A communication.
I, PETER ARMAND le Comte DE FONTAINEMOREAU, of London, Paris, and
Brussels, Patent Solicitor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "AN IMPROVED PROPELLER," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention consists-in propelling boats and other vessels by means of
paddles acting obliquely in the water. This improved propeller may be used
as a substitute for water wheels, for winnowing grain, and for other purposes.
The propeller is composed of two or more wheels placed obliquely at the
sides or stern of the vessel, which wheels are connected together by rods,
having the paddles attached to them, so that when the wheels are put in
motion by levers worked by hand, or by other motive power, the paddles
enter the water in an oblique direction, and thus give motion to the vessel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING METALS WITH OTHER METALS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Parkes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th June
1857.
I, ALEXANDER PARKES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Practical
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN COATING METALS WITH OTHER METALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in coating metals with other
metals. For this purpose zinc in a granulated or divided state, or other
metal positive to the metal to be coated, is added to the coating solution,
which may be prepared as if it were to be used for depositing metals with
a galvanic battery in the ordinary way of electro-deposition. The article to
be coated is immersed and moved about rapidly in the solution in contact
with the zinc or other metal until a coating of sufficient thickness is obtained.
This process is particularly applicable to coating small articles, such as pins,
nails, or screws, which cannot conveniently be coated by the use of a battery.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ESCAPEMENTS FOR CHRONOMETERS AND OTHER TIMEKEEPERS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph White at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th June
1857.
I, JOSEPH WHITE, of the firm of Nathaniel Hill, Son, and White, of
Coventry, Chronometer and Watch Manufacturers, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ESCAPEMENTS FOR CHRONOMETERS
AND OTHER TIMEKEEPERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in escapements for
chronometer and other timekeepers. For this purpose, in place of making.
the end of the detent of the escapement into a fine spring, as heretofore, such
detent is caused to be fixed on an axis intermediate of its length, and such
axis has a fine coiled spring at the lower extremity, which constantly tends to
press the end (which is acted on by the cam on the axis of the impulse roller)
towards the escape wheel. In other respects the detent acts in like manner
to what it has heretofore done, and the distance the detent is allowed to move
in towards the escape wheel is regulated by a banking pin at the other end
of the detent to that where it is acted on by the cam, and in order to adjust
the escapement the bearings of the detent axis are arranged to slide and to
be fixed according to requirement. Or the spring on the axis of the detent

page_text: may be dispensed with by placing two pallets on the axis, and connecting
them by a pin or screw to the detent in such manner that one of the teeth
of the escape wheel will act on one of the pallats, and thereby return the detent
towards the escape wheel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EYELETS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Pursall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd October
1857.
I, WILLIAM PURSALL, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EYELETS," to be as follows:-
I manufacture the eyelets above named, which are intended to be attached
to articles of wearing apparel and other purposes for which metal eyelets have
heretofore been used, of mother-o'-pearl, horn, bone, jet, ivory, papier maché,
wood, glass, porcelain, vegetable ivory, the shell of the cocoa nut, and enamel
on a metallic base. The form of these eyelets are similar to those made in
metal, and they are secured to the garment or other article by a metal washer
at the back.
The processes of turning, pressing, pinching, and enamelling are each
employed in this manufacture as they may be best adapted to the material of
which the eyelet is to be formed.