Improvements in and relating to Grinding, Crushing, or Pulverising Machines.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Sept., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 25th June, 1900-Accepted, 28th July, 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Grinding, Crushing, or Pulverising
Machines.
I, HERBERT BING, The Younger, of Teynham, Sittingbourne, in the County
of Kent, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to grinding machines and more especially to machines
employed for the grinding of clinker in cement manufacture but is applicable
also to machines for grinding, crushing or pulverising other substances.
The general objects of my invention are to provide a machine of simple and
inexpensive construction, capable of being operated with a minimum expenditure
of power, and of effectively grinding, crushing or pulverising the clinker or
other substance to be operated upon, and in which the wearing parts may be
readily renewed.
This invention consists generally in providing grinding plates having grinding
faces formed with alternate ridges and furrows or with corrugations of corre-
sponding configuration so that upon the reciprocation of the one or the other in a
direction transverse to the ridges and furrows or corrugations, the respective
sides of the opposing ridges or corrugations shall be pressed one against the
other, thereby crushing or grinding the material that may be transversely fed
between the faces of the plates. This general operation may be effected
according to the invention by various means. It is, however, preferred to
effect the reciprocation of the top or bottom plate by means of a crank provided
upon a transverse shaft suitably operated; and it is also preferred to feed the
material to be crushed or ground. by gravity, the grinding plates being suitably
inclined for the purpose. This invention, however, is not limited to such
means for feeding as the material may, for example be fed in the crushing or
grinding operation by a suitable arrangement of the ridges of the grinding
faces. The manner in which the pressure is applied and the manner of mount-
ing the plates may be variously modified: for example the top plate may be
the reciprocating plate and the pressure may be applied thereto by means of
an hydraulic plunger suitably mounted for the purpose either above the top
or below the bottom plate and the reciprocating plate may be guided by means
of rollers applied between the plunger and the plate having edges or recesses
engaging with grooves or rail flanges respectively provided upon the plate as
hereinafter described. Or, again, the bottom plate may be reciprocated and
the pressure may be applied by means of a spring or springs. Or, again, the
reciprocating plate may be reciprocated upon links pivoted to the bed plate or
to the bottom plate and a connecting rod may communicate the movement
directly to the plate from the shaft.

page_text: In carrying the invention into effect in accordance with one construction I
provide a foundation or bed plate upon which I fixedly mount one of the
grinding plates which is provided with alternate ridges and furrows forming
a surface of uniform conformation, the plate being tightly secured in position by
means of a wedge and firmly held down by means of bolts. This bottom grind-
ing plate, is preferably provided with a hollow space or water jacket through
which water can be circulated to take away undue heat that may be generated
on the grinding operation. Above the bottom grinding plate is mounted a
reciprocating frame upon the under face of which the upper grinding plate is
mounted being similarly firmly secured in position by means of a wedge and
securely bolted to the frame in a position corresponding to and immediately
over that of the bottom grinding plate. The top plate may be similarly pro-
vided with a water space or jacket. This reciprocating frame is carried upon
roilers provided at each end of the grinding plates, such rollers being preferably
provided at each end with flanges or with grooves which engage with longi-
tudinal recesses or rail flanges provided on the bed plate so that the rollers
are thereby guided, the flanges or recesses being preferably terminated so as
thereby to positively determine the movement of the rollers and prevent their
displacement One end of the reciprocating frame is secured by such means as
a cotter or the like to a cross head which engages with a crank or eccentric
which is mounted upon a transverse shaft suitably carried upon the foundation
plate. The opposite end of the reciprocating frame is preferably formed of a
square section or of an irregular section and rides within a guide bracket of
corresponding shape within which it may have vertical play but may be con-
fined so as not to be tilted laterally. It will be understood that the conforma-
tion of the grinding faces of the respective grinding plates correspond so that
upon the reciprocation of the top plate any material that may be transversely
fed between the faces of the plates will be crushed by pressure or contact of
the opposing inclined faces or ridges. For the purpose of feeding the material
to be crushed between the faces of the grinding plates the grinding faces may
be inclined so as to permit the material passing down of its own weight. The
grinding plates may, however, be arranged on an incline and the actuating
shaft and connecting parts may be similarly disposed.
The grinding faces may preferably be formed of separate longitudinal pieces
equal in width to the pitch of the ridges and furrows or corrugations. Each
piece may be dovetailed to the foundation or bed plate and be securely held in
place by means of a locking plate or other suitable device.
The grinding plates or pieces may be made of chilled cast iron or hardened
steel or of any other suitable metal or alloy.
For the purpose of producing sufficient pressure upon the top grinding plate
for the grinding or crushing operation to be effectively performed I may mount
an hydraulic cylinder above the reciprocating frame, the cylinder being suitably
carried by pillars or bolts provided for the purpose, the plunger being caused to
press upon the top of the reciprocating frame through a roller or rollers which
is or are interposed so as to permit of the free movement of the reciprocating
frame. The roller or rollers is or are provided with flanges at each end or
with grooves which
with corresponding recesses or rail flanges respectively
provided upon the reciprocating frame, the Hanges or grooves being terminated
so as to positively determine the extent of movement of the rollers and prevent
displacement, from their position transverse to the direction of reciprocation of
the frame. When grooves are provided in the reciprocating plate these are
preferably formed as slots to permit of any dust that may be deposited in the
grooves passing between the grinding faces, so that the accumulation of dust
within the grooves is thereby prevented.
engage
The top plate or bottom plate may be mounted within an inclined recess pro-
vided in the bed plate or in the carrying frame to receive it so that the distance

page_text: between the grinding faces of the plates may be adjusted according to the
particular position of either of the grinding plates in relation to the plate or
frame by which it is carried.
Convenient means are thereby provided for grinding or crushing to a various
extent or for operating upon different material. The distance between the
grinding faces may, however be regulated by means of an inclined or wedge
slide provided at each end of the carrying frame which on longitudinal
movement, by means of a screw or other means, elevates the carrying frame
upon the rollers and the top grinding plate carried thereby. Other similar
means may however be provided, such as supporting rollers of different diameter,
for the adjustment of the distance between the grinding faces without departing
from the invention.
Instead of applying hydraulic pressure to the reciprocating plate springs
may be provided, in which case a plate may be mounted above the carrying frame
with a roller or rollers interposed which plate may be connected by means of
two rods or bolts at each extremity of the plates to a cross head disposed beneath
the bottom plate, a spring being suitably mounted between the bottom or bed
plate of the machine and the cross head, such spring being preferably capable of
adjustment so as to regulate the pressure. If necessary the carrying frame
may be slotted or recessed so that such rods or bolts may be employed. By
such means the pressure is directly applied through the grinding plates and is
not communicated to any part of the bed plate or frame so as to induce strains.
Or the top plate may be connected to the bottom plate by means of links and
the top plate may be reciprocated directly from the crank shaft by means of a
connecting rod. In such case the ridges or corrugations may be preferably
provided of slightly circular or curved form.
In the provision of a plant for grinding or crushing cement clinker I pre-
ferably arrange two sets of grinding plates one above the other and on an incline,
the inclination being such as to permit of the feed of the clinker by gravity.
The raw material is fed into a hopper from which it passes between the top edges
of the upper set of grinding plates which are preferably set at a relatively great
distance apart. From thence the partly ground clinker falls through an inter-
mediate shoot to the second set of grinding plates where it is further ground or
pulverised and from thence delivered. In such a case the actuating shaft is
arranged at a corresponding inclination to that of the plates and is driven by
belting or gearing.
It is obvious that more than two sets of plates may be employed and these sets
may be arranged as to increase in any number from the top downwards so that
the deficiency in the output of the lower sets of plates which are set to grind
finer, may be rectified. For example, the clinker may be first roughly broken in
a top set of plates, then the charge may be divided, part passing through one
shoot and the other through another to two sets of plates arranged side by side.
From thence the charge from each may be further divided and passed to two
sets of plates from whence it issues out in a finely powdered state.
Instead of arranging the feed to be effected by the weight of the material
itself the ridges or corrugations may be so arranged that by the grinding opera-
tion the material may be fed forward. To accomplish this purpose the ridges
may, for example, instead of being arranged directly transverse to the direction
of movement of the reciprocating plate be arranged at an inclination thereto.
Or, the ridges may be divided and one half part of each of the ridges inclined
in one direction and the other in an opposing direction, meeting in the centre
of the plates where a central channel may be provided through which the
material may pass forward.
Further, instead of arranging the top plate to be reciprocated, it is obvious
that the top plate might be fixed and the bottom plate reciprocated, in which
case the top plate might be firmly secured to the bed plate by means of bolts
and spring or hydraulic resistance suitably interposed..

page_text: In order to provide for the uniform distribution of the clinker or other
material to be ground a rake may be arranged to operate in the delivery shoot
and dispose the material uniformly. The rake might be automatically actuated
from the main shaft.
The grinding plates may preferably be encased within a surrounding hood or
cover.
It will be understood that the size of the plates and the actual shape of the
ridges or corrugations as also the speed of reciprocation of the plates may be
varied as may be determined for proper and efficient operation.
It is obvious from the foregoing that I do not limit my invention to any
particular means of reciprocating either of the grinding plates employed, nor to
any particular means of applying the necessary pressure to the plates, nor yet
to any particular means of fixing or supporting the grinding plates.
Dated this 23rd day of September 1899.
EDWARD EVANS & Co.,
27, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in and relating to Grinding, Crushing, or Pulverising
Machines.
I, HERBERT BING, The Younger, of Teynham, Sittingbourne, in the County
of Kent, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to grinding machines and more especially to machines
employed for the grinding of clinker in cement manufacture but is applicable
also to machines for grinding, crushing or pulverising other substances.
The general objects of my invention are to provide a machine of simple and
inexpensive construction, capable of being operated with a minimum expenditure
of power, and of effectively grinding, crushing or pulverising the clinker or
other substance to be operated upon, and in which the wearing parts may be
readily renewed.
The invention consists generally in providing plates having grinding faces
formed with alternate ridges and furrows or with corrugations of corresponding
configuration so that upon the reciprocation of the one or the other in a
direction transverse to the ridges and furrows or corrugations, the respective
sides of the opposing ridges or corrugations shall be pressed one against the
other, thereby crushing or grinding the material that may be transversely fed be-
tween the faces of the plates. This general operation may be effected according
to the invention by various means. It is, however, preferred to effect the
reciprocation of the top or bottom plate by means of a crank or eccentric provided
upon a transverse shaft suitably operated; and it is also preferred to feed the
material to be crushed or ground by gravity, the grinding plates being suitably
inclined for the purpose.
This invention, however, is not limited to such means for feeding, as the
material may for example be fed in the crushing or grinding operation by a
suitable arrangement of the ridges of the grinding faces. The manner in
which the pressure is applied and the manner of mounting the plates may be
variously modified; for example, the top plate may be the reciprocating plate,

page_text: and the pressure may be applied thereto by means of a hydraulic plunger suit-
ably mounted for the purpose either above the top or below the bottom plate,
and the reciprocating plate may be guided by means of rollers applied between
the plunger and the plate having edges or recesses engaging with grooves or
rail flanges respectively provided upon the plate as hereinafter described. Or
again, the bottom plate may be reciprocated and the pressure may be applied by
means of a spring or springs. Or again, the reciprocating plate may be recipro-
cated upon links pivoted to the bed plate or to the bottom plate, and a connecting
rod may communicate the movement directly to the plate from the shaft.
The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a machine constructed according to the invention.
Fig. 2 is a plan corresponding thereto.
Fig. 3 is a detail front elevation, and
Fig. 4 is a cross section on the line X-Y of Fig. 1.
In carrying the invention into effect in accordance with the construction
illustrated in the accompanying drawings, I provide a foundation or bed plate a,
upon which I fixedly mount one of the grinding plates b, which is provided
with alternate ridges e and furrows f, forming a surface of uniform conforma-
tion, the plate being tightly secured in position by means of a wedge g, and
firmly held down by means of bolts h. This bottom grinding plate 6 may be
provided with a hollow space or water jacket, through which water can be
circulated to take away undue heat that may be generated on the grinding
operation. Above the bottom grinding plate 6 is mounting a reciprocating
frame i, upon the underface of which the upper grinding plate e is mounted,
being similarly firmly secured in position by means of a wedge g, and securely
bolted to the frame by bolts h in a position corresponding to and immediately
over that of the bottom grinding plate. The top plate c may be similarly pro-
vided with a water space or jacket.
Above the top plate a girder frame j is mounted, and is built up of plates
rivetted or bolted together. This girder frame carries transverse laminated
springs k, the extremities of which bear upon the reciprocating frame i on each
side thereof. At each end of the girder frame j a strap or link is provided,
which is bifurcated at its lower part to clear the rod m which passes through
the reciprocating frame i. Bolts n are carried by the links and serve as pivots,
upon which the links may oscillate on the reciprocation of the frame i.
The links are provided at their upper extremity with a bridge piece o, which
is retained in position by means of a nut, and is provided with a V-shaped pro-
jection by which it is fixedly secured upon the girder frame, and by which the
oscillatory movement is permitted.
The rod m is provided at one end with a nut m¹, between which and the
plate a spring washer m² is provided for the purpose of damping vibration. At
the opposite end the rod m is connected by a coupling collar m³ to a cross-head
connection m, which in turn is secured to a collar m³, which is mounted upon
an eccentric boss ms, provided upon the driving shaft p. Such an arrangement
provides convenient means for adjusting the extent of reciprocation of the top
grinding plate.
Square blocks r. are mounted at each end of the rod m, and serve as guides
for the bifurcated parts of the links 7.
The material to be ground is passed between the plates, which are preferably
provided with a mouth for this purpose, as illustrated in Fig. 4.
According to another construction, however, the reciprocating frame i may
be carried upon rollers provided at each end of the grinding plates, such rollers
being provided at each end with flanges or with grooves, which engage with
longitudinal recesses or rail flanges provided on the bed plate so that the rollers
are thereby guided, the flanges or recesses being preferably terminated so as
thereby to positively determine the movement of the rollers and prevent their
displacement. One end of the reciprocating frame is secured by such means as

page_text: a cotter or the like to a cross head, which engages with a crank or eccentric which
is mounted upon a transverse shaft suitably carried upon the foundation plate.
The opposite end of the reciprocating frame is preferably formed of a square
section or of an irregular section, and rides within a bracket of corresponding
shape within which it may have vertical play, but may be confined so as not to
be tilted laterally.
It will be understood that the conformation of the grinding faces of the
respective grinding plates correspond, so that upon the reciprocation of the top
plate any material that may be transversely fed between the faces of the plates
will be crushed by pressure or contact of the opposing inclined faces or ridges.
For the purpose of feeding the material to be crushed between the faces of
the grinding plates the grinding faces may be inclined, so as to permit the
material passing down of its own weight. The grinding plates, may however, be
arranged on an incline, and the actuating shaft and connecting parts may be
similarly disposed.
The grinding faces may preferably be formed of separate longitudinal pieces
equal in width to the pitch of the ridges and furrows or corrugations. Each
piece may be dovetailed to the foundation or bed plate, and be securely held in
place by means of a locking plate or other suitable device.
The grinding plates or pieces may be made of chilled cast iron or hardened
steel or of any other suitable metal or alloy.
For the purpose of producing sufficient pressure upon the top grinding plate
for the grinding or crushing operation to be effectively performed, instead of
providing springs as hereinbefore described, I may mount a hydraulic cylinder
above the reciprocating frame, the cylinder being suitably carried by pillars
or bolts provided for the purpose, the plunger being caused to press upon the
top of the reciprocating frame through a roller or rollers which is or are inter-
posed so as to permit of the free movement of the reciprocating frame. The
roller or rollers is or are provided with flanges at each end, or with grooves
which engage with corresponding recesses or rail flanges respectively provided
upon the reciprocating frame, the flanges or grooves being terminated, so as to
positively determine the extent of movement of the rollers, and prevent dis-
placement from their position transverse to the direction of reciprocation of
the frame. When grooves are provided in the reciprocating plate these are
preferably formed as slots to permit of any dust that may be deposited in the
grooves passing between the grinding faces, so that the accumulation of dust
within the grooves is thereby prevented.
The top plate or bottom plate may be mounted within an inclined recess pro-
vided in the bed plate or in the carrying frame to receive it, so that the distance
between the grinding faces of the plates may be adjusted according to the
particular position of either of the grinding plates in relation to the plates or
frame by which it is carried.
Convenient means are thereby provided for grinding or crushing to a various
extent or for operating upon different material. The distance between the
grinding faces may, however, be regulated by means of an inclined or wedge
slide provided at each end of the carrying frame, which on longitudinal
movement, by means of a screw or other means, elevates the carrying frame
upon the rollers and the top grinding plate carried thereby. Other similar
means may however be provided, such as supporting rollers of different diameter,
for the adjustment of the distance between the grinding faces without departing
from the invention.
In the provision of a plant for grinding or crushing cement clinker I pre-
ferably arrange two sets of grinding plates one above the other and on an incline,
the inclination being such as to permit of the feed of the clinker by gravity.
The raw material is fed into a hopper from which it passes between the top edges
of the upper set of grinding plates which are preferably set at a relatively great
distance apart. From thence the partly ground clinker falls through an inter-

page_text: mediate shoot to the second set of grinding plates where it is further ground or
pulverised and from thence delivered. In such a case the actuating shaft is
arranged at a corresponding inclination to that of the plates and is driven by
belting or gearing.
It is obvious that more than two sets of plates may be employed and these sets
may be arranged as to increase in any number from the top downwards so that
the deficiency in the output of the lower sets of plates which are set to grind
finer, may be rectified. For example, the clinker may be first roughly broken in
a top set of plates, then the charge may be divided, part passing through one
shoot and the other through another to two sets of plates arranged side by side.
From thence the charge from each may be further divided and passed to two
sets of plates from whence it issues out in a finely powdered state.
Further, instead of arranging the top plate to be reciprocated, it is obvious
that the top plate might be fixed and the bottom plate reciprocated, in which
case the top plate might be firmly secured to the bed plate by means of bolts
and spring or hydraulic resistance suitably interposed.
In order to provide for the uniform distribution of the clinker or other
material to be ground a rake may be arranged to operate in the delivery shoot
and dispose the material uniformly. The rake might be automatically actuated
from the main shaft.
The grinding plates may preferably be encased within a surrounding hood or
cover.
It will be understood that the size of the plates and the actual shape of the .
ridges or corrugations as also the speed of reciprocation of the plates may be
varied as may be determined for proper and efficient operation.
It is obvious from the foregoing that I do not limit my invention to any
particular means of reciprocating either of the grinding plates employed, nor to
any particular means of applying the necessary pressure to the plates, nor yet
to any particular means of fixing or supporting the grinding plates.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. In grinding, crushing, or pulverising machines, the provision of grinding
plates having grinding faces formed with alternate ridges and furrows, or
with corrugations of corresponding configuration, so that upon the reciprocation
of the one or the other in a direction transverse to the ridges and furrows or
corrugations the respective sides of the opposing ridges or corrugations shall be
pressed one against the other, thereby crushing or grinding the material that
is transversely fed between the faces of the plates.
2. The construction of grinding, crushing, or pulverising machines in the
manner and for the purpose substantially as herein before described.
3. The construction of grinding, crushing, or pulverising machines, sub-
stantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings
1000
EDWARD EVANS & Co.,
Chartered Patent Agents,
27, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., and
105, Colmore Row, Birmingham,
Agents for the Applicant.
EDWARD EVANS & Co.,
Chartered Patent Agents,
27, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., and
105, Colmore Row, Birmingham,
Agents for the Applicant.