IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1840

page_text: DEPLANQUE, of Lisle, in the Kingdom of France, but now residing in Leicester
Square, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Eighth day of February, in the third year of Her reign, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Amand
Deplanque, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that
I, the said Armand Deplanque, my exors, adññiors, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during
the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," communi-
cated to me by a certain foreigner residing abroad; in which said Letters
Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said Amand Deplanque, shall cause
a particular description of the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the
same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Amand Deplanque, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and

page_text: ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon
(that is to say)-
The upper part of the machine is composed of A, A, cast iron lateral
pieces of the frame; B, strap, in cast iron, maintaining the lateral pieces A, A,
and fixed by the nuts and screws C, C; D, centre piece, which use is to give
the forward and backward movement to the jacquard cylinder; E, pressure
screws fixed into the centre piece D, and fixed in it to the sliding bar F to
determine the pressure that the jacquard cylinder must have against the
horizontal needles; F, horizontal sliding bar sliding into the guides G, G, and
to which extremity is fixed the frame H; G, G, guides, in which slide the
sliding bar F; H, uprights of the frame H, in which are fixed the guides in
which turns the jacquard cylinder; I, pressers with elastic pressures main-
taining the jacquard cylinder parallel to the ends of the needles; J, jacquard
cylinder; J¹, cylinder of the same form as the jacquard cylinder, pierced with
holes, and turning on the axis of the jacquard cylinder; its use is to receive
the cards for the extra ornamental threads; K, box containing the guides of
the horizontal needles; L, bar of the horizontal needles, pierced with holes as
ordinary, against which the jacquard cylinder makes its pressure; M, box
containing the springs repelling the horizontal needles; N, claw sliding in
the groove of the frame A, A, and to which the upright hooks fix themselves;
O, fixed board on which rest the upright hooks; P, centre pin screwed in the
claw in order to use as a centre to the connecting rod Q; Q, connecting rod
determining the raising of the claw; R, jacquard hooks; S, hooks for the
extra ornamental threads; T, horizontal needles; U, cast-iron piece fixed to
the frame A, A, the screws U¹ maintaining the drivers V and W; U³, iron
rod connecting the drivers V and W; V, iron driver fixed to the piece U, and
serving jointly with the forward and backward movement of the jacquard
cylinder to its movement of rotation; W, iron driver fixed to the piece U,
and serving jointly with the forward and backward movement of the jacquard
cylinder to its movement of rotation in reverse side when required; Y, small
upper pulley jointing the centre pin P, and softening its up-and-down move-
ment in the grooves of the centre piece D; Y', small upper pulley jointing
the pin Z screwed in the claw N, and acting in the grooves of the frame A, A,
in order to maintain it horizontally; No. 1, square piece of cast iron fixed to
the extremity of the jacquard cylinder; 2, pins fixed in the pieces; 1, 3,
copper pulleys jointing the pins; 2, 4, hooks serving to draw back the cards;
by means of turning the jacquard cylinder in reverse side, they act in the
pieces 5 screwed to the frame H; 5, pieces in iron, in which act the hoops 4;

page_text: 6, pin fixed to the frame serving to stop the piece 7; 7, hook at angles,
neutralizing the effects of the drivers V and W; 8, lever fixed to the frame
A, A, serving to fix the drivers V and W in the notch of the hook 7 by
means of the rod q, connected by its opposite end with a hook of the
jacquard; 9, iron rod communicating to the extremity of the hooks V and W
and to the end of the lever 8; 10, weight fixed at the inferior extremity of
the hook 7, and determining the pressure necessary to maintain the drivers
V and W in the notch of the hook 7; 11, iron supports supporting the fixed
board of the needles 0; 12, guides of the springs serving to level the heads
of the hooks for the extra ornamental threads after the raising or the descent
of the heddles; 13, springs; 14, guides fixed on the fixed board o, and
maintaining the hooks s, s'; m³, spring bar.
The lower part of the machine is composed of A, fly wheel regulating the
movements of the loom; B, key fixing the fly wheel on the axis 0; C, C, C,
cast-iron pieces composing the frame of the loom; D, loose pulley; E.
eccentric platforms; F, toothed wheel of sixty teeth giving the movement of
rotation to the eccentric platforms E; G, toothed wheel of sixty teeth fixed
on the axis 0, and catching the toothed wheel F; H, fast pulley; I, I, cast-
iron pieces adapted to the upper extremities of the frame C, C, and sustaining
the axis L of the toothed wheel F and of the eccentric platforms E; J.
pressure screw fixing the piece I at such a height as the toothed wheel F
would catch conveniently the toothed wheel G; K, guides in which turns the
axis L; L, axes on which is fixed the toothed wheel F; M, toothed wheel
of one hundred and twenty teeth catching the toothed wheel G; N, cast-iron
piece fixed on the axis P, at their extremities are two small pullies p', p";
O, cranks on the axis 0 giving the movement to the batten; P, axis turning
in the guides adapted to the frame, on which is fixed the toothed wheel M;
Q, connecting the rod maintaining the uprights of the batten to the cranks O;
R, wrought-iron fork directing the band; S, iron pieces bolted to the frame,
in which act the pieces U; T, cast-iron pieces, eccentric forms, bolted to the
piece U, and on which act the small pulleys p', pl, fixed to the extremities
of the pieces N; U, square pieces of cast iron, on which are fixed the pieces
T and V, and which, describing their quadrant, give the movement of right
to left hand and vice versa to the shuttle; V, cast-iron piece fixed to the piece
U, and to which is adapted the picker stick W; W, picker stick or lever
serving to throw the shuttle by means of its connection by the picking cord with
the pickers; X, guides bolted to the frame A, A, sustaining the piece; Y, Y, iron
bar to which are fixed the two swing bars; Z, swing bars of the batten. No. 1
is the cloth roller, a wooden cylinder mounted with iron gudgeons at its ends;

page_text: 2, levers giving the pressure of the cloth roller 1 against the cloth beam 3; 3,
cloth beam advancing the cloth when fabricated; 4, toothed wheel fixed at
the iron gudgeon (right hand) of the cloth beam 3, and catching the toothed
wheel 6 fixed on the centre of the ratchet wheel 5; 5 ratchet wheel; 6,
toothed wheel fixed on the centre of the ratchet wheel 5, and which drives the
toothed wheel 4; 7, lever to which is fixed the driver 7, using to turn the
ratchet wheel 5, and which is moved by an eccentric platform fixed on the
axis 0; 8, connecting rod transmitting the motion described by the eccentric
9 to the lower extremity of the lever 7; 9, excentric platform fixed to the
extremity of the axis 0; 10, click fixed on the pin 11 and maintaining the
ratchet wheel 5 in the position that the driver 7 has described to it; 11, pin
screwed to the frame C, C, serving as a centre point to the pieces 7 and 10; 12,
warp beam; 13, wooden cylinder maintaining the warp at a convenient height
and equalizing it; 14, wrought-iron piece in which turn the iron gudgeons
fixed to the ends of the cylinder 13; 15, uprights fixed to the end of the frame
C, C, and supporting the upper part of the machine; 16, pulleys fixed on the
warp beam and maintaining it; it is obtained by means of a cord turned.
round them and ended by a weight, which determines the tension of the warp;
17, weights disposed in half circle in order to be able to increase or to lessen
the tension; 18, batten; 19, supports for pickers spindles bolted at each end of
the batten; 20, centre piece relying on the lever 63, and keeping the shuttle
in the shuttle box by means of the spring 64; 21, stop forged on the axis 23;
22, pressure screw fixing the piece 20 to the axis 23; 23, axis under the
batten on which are fixed the pieces 20 and 21; 24, cast-iron supports fixed
under the batten and serving as guides to the axis 23, and as support to the
stop 21; 25, cast-iron bearing bolted exteriorly to the frame C, C, and on
which is fixed the centre of the fork R; 26, cast-iron piece fixed to the frame
C, C, and receiving the piece 21 in its straight angle, if there is a movement
in the machine which is not well executed; 27, small cast-iron hooks, main-
taining in their pivots the centre of the cloth beam 3; 28, cast-iron piece
bolted to the frame against which rests the spring; 29, cast-iron piece acting
on the piece 28, and conducting the spring bar 31 into the notch at the piece
28, and so stops the loom where there is fault; 30, iron rods perfectly round
and straight, serving as guides to the pickers 46, which impel the shuttle; 31,
spring bar directing the fork R; 32, cast-iron pieces fixed to the frame C, C,
which serve as guides to the cloth roller 1 and of support points to the levers
2; 33, wrought-iron piece fixed to the frame and receiving the lower end of
the spring bar 31; 34, iron pieces fixed under the batten, and in which acts
the axes 39; 39, axis, at its extremities are adapted two small pulleys and on

page_text: it are fixed the pieces 36; 36, iron pieces fixed on the axis 39 and directing
the extremity of the pieces 37; 37, bent looms moving in the pivots 38
serving to raise or lower the shuttle bars by means of the right and left hand
and vice versa movement executed by the axis 39 when required; 38, pivots
fixed to the batten serving as centre points to the levers 37; 39, platform
bolted to the frame C, C, and sustaining the triangles 40; 40, rectangular
triangles serving to move the axis 39 from right to left hand, and vice versa ;
41, lever fixed to the frame C, C, connected with the triangle 40 to determine
its raising; 42, heddles; 43, pulleys rendering perpendicular the raising of the
treddles; 44, cast-iron upright containing the levers communicating to the
hooks for the extra ornamental threads; 49, iron rods fixed to the treddles
and to the extremities of the levers, in order to determine the descent of the
heddles; 46, wrought-iron pickers; 47, cast-iron pieces sustaining the iron
rods 30; 48, supports sustaining the iron rods 49; 49, iron rods directing the
pickers; 50, shuttles; 51, springs fixed to the batten in order to prevent the
pickers rebounding; 52, guides in which act the treddles; 53, cross framing
to which are adapted the pulleys 43; 54, cast-iron pieces fixed to the frame
and serving to sustain the pivot of the ratchet wheel 5.
DESCRIPTION OF THE MECHANICAL MEANS COMPOSING THIS LOOM, AND THAT
I CLAIM AS THE INVENTION, AND THEIR ADVANTAGES.
This loom is entirely made of iron, cast, or wrought, and so cannot be
disordered or subject to alter its form by the variations of the weather.
The movements of the upper part of the loom are obtained by means of
the connecting bar Q, which, by the movement of rotation of the eccentric
platform E, to which it is fixed, and of the centre pin P, passing along the
grooves of the centre piece D; and the lateral grooves of the frame A is fixed
in the claw N, gives the up-and-down movement to the claw and the forward
and backward movement to the jacquard cylinder. When the connecting bar
Qgives the up-and-down movement to the claw the centre pin P sliding in
the grooves of the centre piece D determines the forward and backward
movement to the sliding bar F, at which extremity is fixed the frame H.
The jacquard cylinder rests on a guide fixed in the frame H when in the
forward movement the jacquard cylinder arrives to the notch of the driver V,
this driver catches the pin 2 fixed in the jacquard cylinder, and jointed by a
small pulley 3, and so determines the movement of rotation of the jacquard
cylinder. I obtain the neutralization of the drivers V and W when wanted by
means of an ordinary hook connected with the lever 8 by a string. Supposing
I am weaving a satin with eight leaves (satin twist) the jacquard cylinder

page_text: raises the drawing and beats eight times the same card by means of the
neutralization of the drivers V and W. An ordinary hook (placed with the
hooks for the extra ornamental threads), connecting with the lever 8 by a
string, is raised by means of a hole pierced for that purpose in the cards of
the extra ornamental threads; the lever 8, by means of the iron rod 9, places
the drivers V and W in the notch of the hook 7, which are kept there in the
necessary pressure by the weight 10, placed to the lower extremity of the
book 7; during this neutralization, the cylinder J' makes its movement of
rotation, when at its eighth turn an ordinary hook corresponding with the
lower part of the hook 7, disengages by its raising the drivers V and W, and
render them their primitive power.
Recapitulating what I claim as the Invention I find, first, that the jacquard,
properly said, is all in iron; second, the movement of the jacquard cylinder is
horizontal and by a new mode; third, the pressure of the jacquard cylinder
against the horizontal needle bar is obtained by means of the centre piece D,
and may be easily increased or lessened; fourth, the claw is raised by its
extremities; fifth, the same mover moves the claw and the jacquard cylinder;
sixth, the frame II is independent from the mechanical parts, it is to say,
not fixed to the strap; seventh, the boxes for the springs and for the guides of
the needles are separated, and may be easier adjusted; eighth, the neutra-
lization of the drivers V and W when required; ninth, there are two
cylinders, one for the jacquard turning in the guides, fixed to the frame H,
and the other of the same form, for the extra ornamental threads, turning on
the axis of the jacquard cylinder; tenth, the connection of the drivers V
and W.
The eccentric platform E, which gives the movement to the connecting
bar Q, is fixed to the axis L, to which is equally fixed the toothed wheel F,
receives its movement from the toothed wheel C, fixed on the axis 0. The
toothed wheel G (right hand) catches the toothed wheel M, and determines
by its movement of rotation the alternative strokes of the pieces N (with
pulleys) p', p", on the piece T, and turn inside the piece U in the guides S,
fixed to the frame C. To the piece U is fixed the picker stick, which by
the movement of the piece U, describes its motion and determines the
course of the shuttle by means of the picking cord and of the pickers. The
movement of the batten is obtained by the same means as in the power
looms. On each side, in the interior of the loom, is fixed one square piece 39
on which rests the rectangular triangle 40. To the triangle 40 are, fixed
two guides to maintain it in the same horizontal position when it raises; in
the middle is screwed an iron rod 40, fixed by its other end to the lever 41

page_text: of which one end is bolted to the frame C, C, and the other is in connection
with a hook of the jacquard by means of a string. The batten is composed
so-It has at each end a vertical wooden sliding 18' to which are adapted
the shuttle boxes (two on the Plans); 61 are stops, placed in order to level the
shuttle boxes when raising with the platen 62 of the batten. The centre
piece 20 has to its upper end a small pulley softening the passage from one
lever 63 to the other 63 in the raising or the descent of the shuttle boxes.
Under the batten are the guides 34, in which slides the axis 39, to which
extremities are adapted two small pullies, which jointly with the forward
movement of the batten sliding along the rectangular triangle, when raised,
force the axis 39 to slide in the guides 34, and by means of the piece 36
which joins the lever 37 fixed by its other extremity to the shuttle box to
the axis 39, and so raises the shuttle box. The raising of the triangle 40
which is necessary to receive the small pulleys of the axis 39 is obtained
by means of a hook of the jacquard connecting by a string with the lever 41
and determine the raising of the triangle 40. The small pulley of the
axis 39 slides along the triangle (which kept horizontally by the two guides
in its raising vertically) and determines, as it has been said, the raising of the
shuttle box on one side and the descent of the other side. The mechanism
for the extra ornamental threads being combined with the jacquard, they
work jointly together. Above the strap B (upper part) is screwed the
pressing spring bar m'. A string tied by one slide to the notch of the hook
for the extra ornamental threads and passing by the guides 13, fixed on the
needles guide box and on the horizontal needles bar), and by the other side
to the lower end of the iron rod sliding through the pressing springs by its
combination with the spring of the springs serves to level the heads of the
hooks s, s', after they have been raised or descended. On the fixed board
of the needles are screwed the guides 14 for the hooks s, s¹, in order to
prevent them from turning, and for this reason they are flattened at the lower
end. The hooks s, s', are disposed in two ranks, each of eight hooks (for
the satin with eight leaves by example), one rank serving for the raising,
the other for the descent of the heddles. The raising of the heddles is
obtained by cords corresponding directly from the hook s to the upper part
of the heddles, and passing over the pulleys 43 which serve as guides, and
it is easily understood that when the hook s raises, the heddle is raised. The
.descent of the heddles is obtained by means of a hook connecting with the
lever 44 by a cord passing by a pulley 43; to the opposite end of the lever 44
is fixed the iron rod 49, screwed under the heddles, in short that when the
hook s raises the lever 44 by the end where the cord is tied, it at the same

page_text: time descends the other end in connection with the heddles, and the descent
is obtained. It is to remark that at the same time the hooks for the raising
should raise, the corresponding hook s¹ for the descent should descend, and
that the hooks for the descent should raise, the corresponding hook s for the
raising should descend. The cloth being fabricated, passes on the cloth beam 3
where it receives a pressure, determined by the levers 2, in order to be rolled
on the cloth roller 1, turning in reverse side of the cloth beam 3. The cloth
beam 3, covered with cloth, receives its movement of rotation by means of
the toothed wheel 4, which is fixed at its extremity and catches the toothed
wheel 6, fixed on the centre of the ratchet wheel 5; this wheel 5 receives
its movement from a driver 7, fixed to the extremity of the lever 7, and
which by the evolution described by the eccentric platform 9 (fixed to the
end of the axis 0 and connected with the lower end of the piece 7 by the
connecting rod 8) determines the number of teeth which the stop 10 must
let pass. In that manner placing the centre point of the connecting bar 8
to the circumference of the eccentric platform 9, I have a very light tissue
and approaching that centre point of the connecting rod 8 of the centre of
the eccentric 9, I obtain a more compact tissue, and so on, what permits to
give as many threads by one quarter of an inch as I like.
Recapitulating what I claim as the Invention in the lower part of this
loom, I find that, first, to the two lateral uprights of the frame C, C, I have
added a third one to serve as a support to the arcade bar and as a base to
the front upright supporting the upper part of the loom; second, I have
added the cast-iron pieces I, I, to serve as supports to the axis L; third, the
movement of the upper part of the loom is obtained by the eccentric
platform E; fourth, the toothed wheel G catching the toothed wheel F,
gives the movement of rotation to the eccentric E; fifth, the fly wheel A
regularizing the movements of the loom; sixth, the eccentric platform 9
which as it has been explained, gives the facility to weave a tissue, more or
less compact; seventh, the construction of the batten, as it has been said;
eighth, the changing of the shuttles by means of the vertical raising of the
triangle 40; niuth, the means employed for the descent of the treddles by
the lever 44; tenth, the adoption in the interior of the loom of the
mechanism for the extra ornamental threads; 11th, the economy of the
seven-eighths of the card by means of the adaption said to No. 10; twelfth,
the faculty of weaving cloth with any sort of materials and of any size;
thirteenth, the economy of workmanship, for a workman is able to survey
two or three looms; fourteenth a great perfection and regularity in the
fabrication obtained by means of the eccentric 9; fifteenth, the celerity of

page_text: the loom which is with extra ornamental threads and changing of shuttles of
seventy-nine to eighty strokes by a minute; sixteenth, the rolling of the
cloth fabricated by means of the pressure exercised by the levers 2; seven-
teenth, the pickers which are in iron.
By the addition of one shuttle box on each side of the batten I may
weave with one shuttle more, and so on.
These Specifications are only made for looms weaving with changing of
shuttles and with extra ornamental threads.
The only changes to be made in order to have a weaving loom with one
shuttle and without extra ornamental threads are to change the cylinders J
and J in an ordinary one, to loosen the piece 36, placed on the axis 39, in
order to level the shuttle boxes, and to take out the rectangular triangle, so
placed on the platform 39.
In witness whereof, I, the said Amand Deplanque, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Seventh day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty.