matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Ashworth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
April 1873.
I, JAMES ASHWORTH, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES," to be as follows, that is to
say:―
This Invention relates to improvements in that class of steam engines
known as condensing engines, and it has for its object to improve the
vacuum in the condenser, as well as to enable the air pump to be more
easily worked.
The Invention is carried into effect by connecting the air pump
cylinder to the vacuum portion of the condenser by a channel or passage
with a valve opening towards the air pump placed therein. As the
plunger recedes from the channel referred to the vapour or residual air
in the condenser expands and passes through the valve into the air
pump, and is on the return stroke of the air pump plunger discharged,
the valve in the channel or passage closing immediately that the return
stroke is commenced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SADDLES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Swift at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd June
1873.
I, RICHARD SWIFT, of No. 2, Hardy Terrace, Hounslow, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for “ IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SADDLES,” to
be as follows:-
This Invention consists in so constructing the frames or trees of
harness saddles as to render them lighter, cheaper, and more durable
than those at present in use.
In order to attain this object the foundation plate (fitting near the
back of the animal) is made of sheet metal cut to the necessary shape
and bent in suitable dies or otherwise into a bridge or arch, resulting in
the desired form of the tree dependent on the size and character
of saddle to be mounted. To this foundation plate on the upper side
I attach two or more metal longitudinal ribs, either by means of
soldering, brazing, or rivetting; or occasionally I may prefer stamping
such ribs out of the sheet metal plate.

page_text: The upper part of the saddle is also composed of sheet metal, and is
made of a hollow or tubular form in one or more pieces of the desired
shape. This is accomplished by cutting out the piece or pieces of metal
to the required shapes, stamping or otherwise bending the same to their
necessary forms, and then either overlapping, seaming, soldering,
rivetting, or brazing the joints or parts together in the ordinary manner,
thus forming a tubular or hollow sheet metal top to the said saddle.
By thus utilizing sheet metal substantially in the manner described to
the above purposes a light and neat appearance is obtained combined
with great strength at a comparatively small cost.
AN IMPROVED SPANNER
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William George Walker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st October 1873.
I, WILLIAM GEORGE WALKER, of Sheffield, in the County of York, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
SPANNER," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an improvement in the description of wrench
or spanner known as the Clyburn spanner, and consists in connecting
the loose jaw to the fast jaw, and arranging the feed or traverse screw
in such manner that the strength of the tool is increased, and con-
sequently it is not so liable to be choked or strained, besides being more
convenient for use than the ordinary Clyburn spanner. For this purpose
the loose jaw is firmly connected with the fast jaw by the tongue (which
is let into the chamber or grooves of the latter), being provided with a
lug or nut through which the traverse screw passes. The screw, which
is carried through the fixed jaw, is provided with a projecting milled
head at one end and riveted at the other end.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ECONOMIZING FUEL IN HOUSE FIRE- GRATES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joshua Goldsbrough at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
81st March 1873.
I, JOSHUA GOLDSBROUGH, of Wilsden, near Bradford, in the County
of York, Grocer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ECONOMIZING FUEL IN HOUSE FIRE-
GRATES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention relates to employing hot air chamber so constructed
that smoke and heat pass through them, utilizing the heat which
generally escapes through the chimney, also in reducing the size of the
fire-place and closing the top of the fire by a loose cast-iron plate having
holes cast in it for a kettle, steamer, and pan, reducing by these means
the consumption of fuel. For this purpose I employ three cast-iron
plates forming the back and sides of the fire-place, these plates have
openings cast therein for the heat and smoke to pass through; a space is
left between these plates and the back, the oven and the boiler, and the
heat is kept circulating in these spaces forming the hot air spaces. The
dampers for the oven and boiler are made to draw out in front of the
fire-place and not on the top as heretofore, a top rib is also cast on the

page_text: front bar of the fire-place to improve the appearance and for the purpose
of placing a kettle or pan on; on the back plates are also cast lugs
corresponding with each fire-bar for receiving the lugs cast on the
fire-grate; by these means the grate can be moved to any of the
fire-bars, reducing or giving a greater depth of fire. On the top of 1
the fire is placed a loose plate fitting on the sides of the oven and boiler,
also on the back of the hot air chambers. Holes are cast in this plate
for receiving a kettle, steamer, and pan; these holes have covers to close
them up when not required. Should both dampers be closed to allow
the escape of heat and smoke, chambers are formed between the top :
plates of the hot air spaces and the top of the dampers; the heat and
smoke pass through these chambers, then through the flues of the oven,
and from there through a small flue to the chimney.
I also employ a hot air chamber at the back of the fire-space; in that
case the back instead of being made in cast iron is formed of fire-bricks :
having perforated holes; the hot air enters through these holes and
enters the chamber or hot air pit; on the top of this hot air pit is fixed a
thin iron plate on which a kettle or pan can be placed, the smoke
escapes through the flues of the oven and only heated air is kept in the
hot air pit.
I also use a dust vent attached to the hot air apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SERVING OR COVERING WIRE, AND FOR SUCH LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Charles Moffatt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th July 1873.
I, ALEXANDER CHARLES MOFFATT, of No. 69, Princes Street, Leicester ⚫
Square, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SERVING
OR COVERING WIRE, AND FOR SUCH LIKE PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for
serving or covering wire and for such like purposes.
The improvements relate to machinery such as is described in the
Specification of a Patent granted to Archibald Smith, on the 30th May
1859 (No. 1325), in which the wire or other material to be covered is
led through a hollow shaft, upon which bobbins or reels containing yarn
are capable of revolving, and upon which is also a skeleton frame, along
which the yarns from the reels are led, and the yarns twisted around the
wire by the revolving of the frame. The bobbins were made in halves,
so that when one was empty it might be separated and removed to be
replaced on to a continuation of the back end of the shaft to be refilled

page_text: and again slipped forward. Machines of this description, however, as
heretofore constructed have been very complicated, and more especially
there has been great complication in the gearing for driving the bobbins
during the time they were being refilled.
According to this Invention I construct the machine of a hollow
shaft carrying a skeleton cylinder, formed by a disc at one end and an
iron ring at the other, the two being kept apart by stays. The bobbins
are supported on the hollow shaft, as heretofore, and on the cylinder
being revolved the yarns are drawn off the full bobbins and laid around
the wire or core to be covered.. The bobbins are also in halves hinged
together on one side, and with a catch on the opposite side. On the
shaft in rear of the skeleton frame is a small pulley which has a pair of
stud pins projecting from its face. Corresponding holes or grooves are
cut in the ends of the bobbins, and upon the pulley revolving the bobbin
is revolved with it and winds on the yarn.
There is a length of shaft between the pulley and skeleton frame
sufficient to hold two or three bobbins, so that there shall always be a
supply of full bobbins ready to be slipped forward and take the place of
empty bobbins removed from within the skeleton frame. When an
empty bobbin has been tlius removed, and the other bobbins slipped
forward along the shaft there is just room for the empty bobbin to be
again placed on to the shaft next to the small driving pulley before
mentioned, and so that the studs or pins projecting from the pulley enter
the holes or grooves in the end of the bobbin. The bobbin can thus be
driven by the pulley and again filled.
The laying of the yarn on to the bobbin is effected by a guide caused
to move to and fro by an endless groove on a shaft, to which a revolving
motion is imparted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING TOPS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Laurent Réné Mario Péan
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 28th August 1873.
I, LAURENT RÉNÉ MARIE PÉAN, Toy Merchant, of No. 82, Boulevard
Sébastopol, Paris, France, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING TOPS," to be as follows:
This top consists of a hollow and inverted metallic cup, whose
external surface may be moulded in any suitable fashion and forms the
body of the top. The upper part terminates in a projection, and fixed
through this, reaching into the interior, is a small hollow shaft, having
a solid end or pivot; this latter, when the top is set in motion turns
on a small metal cup fixed at the upper part of a block or pedestal.
The top is spun by winding string round the hollow shaft, and
insorting in the latter'a small movable handle; when in motion various
devices, such as coloured cards, are placed over the upper projecting
part of the top, or a small shaft is inserted in the fixed and hollow
shaft, and on this cards bearing designs and figures of various kinds
are placed, the effect produced by them whilst revolving being a most

page_text: varied and harmonious blending of colours in the first case, and in the
second, either of a kaleidoscopical or of a comical nature.
The body of the top is internally weighted at the base to give it
stability and preserve its equilibrium; when once started this top will
spin of an hour.
A NEW GLASS GAS CHIMNEY CAPABLE OF RESISTING ANY DEGREE OF HEAT WITHOUT BURSTING
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Perrier at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th March
1873.
I, JOHN PERRIER, of 39, Bedford Square, Saint Giles in the Fields,
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW GLASS GAS CHIMNEY CAPABLE OF RESISTING ANY DEGREE OF HEAT
WITHOUT BURSTING," to be as follows:-
:-
I place a number of glass tubes or columns side by side in a groove
formed in metals rings both at top and bottom, and secured therein by
pieces of metal or other similar means, which keeps the tubes or
columns closely together, and thereby forming the glass chimney.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MINERS' SAFETY LAMPS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Whiteley Sutcliffe and George
Clayton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 14th January 1873.
We, WHITELEY SUTCLIFFE, of Dewsbury, in the County of York,
Grocer, and GEORGE CLAYTON, of the same Place, Brass Finisher, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " * IMPROVEMENTS
IN MINERS' SAFETY LAMPS," to be as follows:-
"
The object of this Invention is to prevent the removal of the gauze
cover from miners' lamps without instantly extinguishing the flame. To
effect this object we use an extinguisher of such a shape that when
lowered it will fit and rest upon the sides of the wick holder without
damaging the wick. This extinguisher is placed upon and capable of
sliding on two upright stands fixed to the receptacle for oil, one on each
side of the wick holder, of sufficient height to allow the extinguisher to
be suspended clear of the flame. This is effected by means of a catch
lever hinged to one of the uprights, one end of which supports the
extinguisher. Attached to this lever at the bottom end is a jointed arm
pasing through a slot in the top part of the oil receptacle. The inside

page_text: of the bottom part of the gauze cover where it screws on to the oil
receptacle is formed similar to a ratchet wheel. In screwing on the
cover the jointed arm gives way to the teeth of the ratchet, but as soon
as it is attempted to unscrew the cover, the arm is actuated and operates
on the lever which then releases the extinguisher and allows it to drop
on to the wick holder, thus putting out the light. This lamp is also
provided with a lock pin, which when the lamp is lighted for use the
cover can be fastened thereby, and a seal is put upon it so as to be a
detector in case of tampering or attempting to unlock it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MINERS' SAFETY Lamps
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Gardner at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
December 1878.
I, THOMAS GARDNER, of Saint Helens, in the County of Lancaster,
Draughtsman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
“IMPROVEMENTS IN MINERS' SAFETY Lamps,” to be as follows :-
The object of this Invention is to prevent miners from exposing even
to the least extent the flame of a lamp. For this purpose I fit over the
burner a cap having an opening in its top or upper part, through which
the wick from the burner passes. Combustion takes place at the upper
surface of the said cap. In connecting the burner to the wire gauze or
cylindrical glass protecting chamber the cap is fitted over the burner
and with it is screwed to the protecting chamber. In disconnecting the
burner from the protecting chamber the cap remains attached to the
protecting chamber, and the wick is drawn within the said cap and
thereby extinguished.
To prevent the wick from being raised too high I secure a piece of
wire or other suitable material over the opening in the cap provided for
IMPROVE- MENTS IN KITCHEN OR COOKING RANGES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Booth at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
April 1873.
I, JOHN BOOTH, of Ripponden, in the County of York, Ironfounder,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN KITCHEN OR COOKING RANGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to fire ranges for cooking purposes, and consists
in constructing such ranges and the flues connected therewith in such
manner as to secure more efficiency from the fuel employed, and for
securing the better ventilation of the oven of such ranges, and for the
kitchen or cooking room generally:
The range I construct so that the top of the oven shall be a little
higher (say six inches) above the top grate or fire-bar; the oven is pro-
vided with a hollow top or of two plates leaving space between the two for
the passage of heated gases over the oven; between these plates and this
space I divide by a diagonal mid-feather, the flues being so arranged as
that the heat after passing under the oven and ascending the end of the
1

page_text: oven,
oven will pass on one side of the mid-feather along the hollow top of the
and return round the end of the mid-feather down the back of the
oven. A ventilator placed over the oven serves for the purpose of
relieving the oven from steam, and also as a ventilator to the kitchen
generally.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAWING BOARDS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Boyd at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
December 1873.
I, HENRY BOYD, of Silvertown, in the County of Essex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAWING
BOARDS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in drawing boards, which
improvements have for their object to enable the paper to be readily
damp, stretched thereon in a convenient and efficient manner.
Hitherto the means employed to secure the paper to the board have
been liable to give way when the paper became wetted at or near the
edge, as sometimes happens, and my Invention is designed to remedy
this inconvenience and provide a simple and efficient fastening, which
enables the paper to be properly strained and holds it securely without
in any way interfering with the use of a T square when required for
mechanical drawings. For this purpose the edges of the paper are
lapped round the edges of the board and clamped at the back of the
latter by a frame secured by bolts recessed in the back of the clamp; so
.

page_text: that no part thereof projects beyond the edge of the board. Pins are
fixed at intervals near the edges of the board, which pins enter into
corresponding holes in the clamp, or vice versa, to prevent the paper
drawing out of the clamp. The latter is secured so as to clip the edges
of the paper tightly against the board by means of the before-mentioned
bolts having bevelled or wedge-shaped ends, which take under the heads
of studs fixed in the back of the board and passing through holes in the
clamp. Said studs stand higher than the pins before-mentioned, and
they may have rounded heads so as to guide the clamp into its proper
position and ensure the pins entering accurately into their holes, which
are not therefore liable to become ragged nor the pins to be blunted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND FOR DOUBLING FIBRES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Hudson Waugh and
John Thompson Waugh at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 11th October 1873.
We, THOMAS HUDSON WAUGH and JOHN THOMPSON WAUGH, both of
Bradford, in the County of York, Joiners and Builders, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
SPINNING AND FOR DOUBLING FIBRES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the employment of apparatus
designed to prevent the waste of material and damage to the pieces
when woven caused during the processes of spinning and doubling yarns
or threads, by the breakage of a thread, entangling and catching, and
being doubled with the next adjoining thread under process of spinning
or doubling, whereby both threads are broken, or in some cases a portion
of the broken end is doubled with the next nearest end, and these on
being woven occasion a faulty or bad piece.
We employ a guard in the form of a short tube having a slit or:
opening in the front; this is secured to the "top board" and imme-

page_text: diately over the ordinary "pot eyes," on an end or thread breaking the
guard prevents the broken end passing to the right or to the left, and so
entangling itself with the other threads under process of spinning or
doubling.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES, MATCHES, AND OTHER LIKE ÅRTICLES, TOGETHER WITH A LAMP OR APPARATUS FOR BURNING SUCH Candles
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Olark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th February 1873.-A communication from abroad by William
Jules Samuel Grawitz, of Paris, France.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
tho said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES,
MATCHES, AND OTHER LIKE ÅRTICLES, TOGETHER WITH A LAMP OR APPARATUS FOR
BURNING SUCH Candles,” to be as follows:—
This Invention relates to the novel application of naphthaline :-
1st. For dipping or impregnating matches of wood or other ligneous
materials as a substitute for sulphur or other inflammablo substances, or
the naphthalino may be mixed with the phosphorus paste. Wax
matches may also have a proportion of naphthaline added to the stearine,
paraffin, or other material of which they are composed, or to the
phosphorus paste in which their ends are dipped. I may also dip,
impregnate, or inject wood, shavings, chips, maizo stalks, fir cones,
and other ligneous matters with naphthalino for increasing their
inflammability when used as fire-lighters.

page_text: 2ndly. For candles, links, or torches, I incorporate a suitablo pro-
portion of naphthaline with the stearine, wax, paraffin, resin, or other
material of which they are composed, whereby to render the same more
combustible and also economize theso various products, and in the case
of candles to bleach the same. I may also mix any matters with the
naphthaline for the purpose of neutralizing or removing its odor and
also to impart a fragrant odor while burning. I may also add any
matters whereby to increase its solidity, fusibility, or degree of in-
flammability.
3rdly. I also employ naphthaline either alone or mixed with com- :
bustible solid or liquid matters (whether solvents or otherwise) for
making lamp candles having independent wicks and a double air
current, that is to say, in which an excess of air is supplied for
combustion. For example, I make a candle of naphthaline, either alone
or mixed with other matters, with a hollow centre through which an ]
independent wick passes, the latter being surmounted by a deflector disc
which descends as the candle burns away. On the upper end of the.
candle is an annular disc heated by the flame and serving to melt the
solid naphthalino which feeds the wick with combustible matter. Tho
candle is further provided with a glass chimney which supplies air both
to the flame and to the channel occupied by the wick, thus providing
the double air current above referred to. Instead of arranging the
chimney and deflector to descend as described, the candle may be
pushed upward by a spring.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LACE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Félix Sival at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
December 1873.
I, FÉLIX SIVAL, of Neuilly (Seine), France, Mechanician, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF LACE," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to obtain à tulle foundation or backing
of greater fineness than the ordinary backing of tulle and more
resembling the net of hand lace, especially that description known as
"Alencon point."
My Invention chiefly consists in a particular mode of crossing the
threads in order to obtain perfectly regular hexagonal meshes, which do
not present the straight and ungraceful form of those in ordinary tulle.
This result is obtained by a combined employment of the bobbin
threads and the warp threads, which are crossed in pairs four times, that
is to say, constitute four torsions upon the longitudinal sides of the
hexagonal meshes.
First Model. Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings shows on an
exaggerated scale a portion of my new base or net. In the Drawing I
have distinguished the bobbin threads from the warp threads by showing
the former in red and the latter in blue ink. It will be remarked that
all the torsions form, as I have just mentioned, the vertical sides a, a, of
the meshes. The other oblique sides b, b, are formed by simple threads,
which pass from one crossing of right or left to that of the left or right
of the next rank. The successive torsions are marked on the Figure by

page_text: the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, in the order in which they are produced from the
top downwards. This work can be effected in all the ordinary machines
for the manufacture of tulle, but especially in the "Leaver" machines
generally in usc.
I give below the reckoners which enable the tulle foundation above
described to be produced in the conditions indicated. The arrangement
of these reckoners depends upon the number of fine bars employed to
guide the warp threads.
In these Tables 0 corresponds to the stop of the bars, and each a
number to the thickness of a compartment.
Second Model. Instead of alternately employing an equal number
of bobbin threads and warp threads I can also employ two warp threads
with one bobbin thread, which enables a net to be obtained twice as
fine as that of the preceding model. Figure 3 shows this method of a
working just as the reckoner enables it to be accomplished. In Figure 2,
which shows the result, it can be seen that this net shows the same

page_text: Third Model.—The same kind of work with two warp threads with
one bobbin thread will give a more or less number of torsions, which
may be reduced to two and the net obtained as shown at Figure 4.
⚫Upon the different types of net which I have explained fabrics can be
made which will reproduce all designs in lace. The threads of new
foundations or backings will, like those of the ordinary tulle, contribute
to the formation of the most varied decorations.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURE OF PETROLEUM OILS, AND SPIRITS, AND LIKE HYDROCARBONS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS THEREFROM
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Saunders Muir at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th October 1873.
I, JOHN SAUNDERS MUIR, of 31, Park Square, Leeds, in the County of
York, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURE OF PETROLEUM OILS, AND SPIRITS, AND
LIKE HYDROCARBONS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS THEREFROM," to be as
follows:-
The manner in which I accomplish this I now proceed to describe :-
I take any hydocarbon oil and treat or agitate the same with
bi-chloride of tin known as Libavius's fuming liquor, and I add to
the hydrocarbon oil from 3 to 6 per cent. of this bi-chloride of tin,
and agitate with the petroleum for an hour in any suitable vessel
such as a cask or iron tank, after which it is conveyd to a still
or steam cylinder and distilled over by the aid of ordinary steam alone,
whereby I obtain a pure hydrocarbon volatile oil.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS AND FABRICS IN ORDER TO PRESERVE THEM FROM MILDEW, AND TO DIMINISH THEIR AFFINITY FOR MOISTURE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Shand at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd June
1878.
I, GEORGE SHAND, of Stirling, in the County of Stirling, North
Britain, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS AND
FABRICS IN ORDER TO PRESERVE THEM FROM MILDEW, AND TO DIMINISH THEIR
AFFINITY FOR MOISTURE," to be as follows, that is to say:
This Invention which has for its object to preserve textile materials
and fabrics from mildew, and to diminish their affinity for moisture
consists in treating such materials and fabrics with petroleum spirit or
other suitable light or volatile fluid hydrocarbon, the said hydrocarbon
being used either by itself or having dissolved in it a resin or gum resin
of any suitable kind.
Where it is intended to impart additional substance, stiffness, or
weight to the materials or fabrics, the clay or other substance used for
that purpose may be applied with the hydrocarbon, being mixed there-

page_text: with in a state of fine powder, and put into a condition of uniform
suspension therein by agitation.
In treating yarns or other textile materials, the hanks may be simply
dipped in the hydrocarbon or mixture and be then well wrung out so as
to retain very little of the fluid, and textile fabrics may be treated by
passing them under a roller immersed in a trough containing the hydro-
carbon or mixture, and then between a pair of squeezing rollers which
keep back superfluous fluid. Any known process may however be
adopted by which the materials or fabrics may have uniformly applied
to them a very small quantity of the hydrocarbon or mixture.
AN IMPROVED MECHANICAL DANCING TOY
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Alonzo Paul La Grove
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 24th July 1873.
c
I, WILLIAM ALONZO PAUL LA GROVE, of Brooklyn, in the County of
Kings, and State of New York, United States of America, and at present
of Holborn, in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MECHANICAL DANCING TOY," to be as
follows:-
'
My Invention relates to an improved mechanical toy consisting of one
or more figures which are made to dance in an animated and grotesque
manner by means of the arrangement hereafter described. The figure is
fixed on the upper end of an upright slender steel wire or rod rising
through the platform on which the figure dances, and fitted to work in
guides beneath said platform. To this rod an up-and-down motion is
imparted by a crank through the medium of a connecting rod, the said
crank being fixed on a spindle forming part of a train of clockwork
mechanism, by which the spindle is actuated or the latter may be driven

page_text: by hand. In either case a suitable fly wheel is provided to equalize the
motion of the mechanism.
The wire on which the figure is mounted being very slender and
flexible allows considerable play for the movements of the figure in every
direction, whilst imparting to it the necessary up-and-down motion to
imitate a dancer. The connecting rod is attached to the wire by means
of a pin or stud soldered or otherwise fixed on the wire, and so made and
fitted in a socket on the end of the connecting rod as to admit of
its being readily attached or disconnected without the employment of
screws, pins, or other connections which are liable to be mislaid.
The figure is attached to its wire by means of a screw squared to receive
a key, and the clockwork mechanism is contained in a box beneath the
platform in which the figure and wire may also be compactly packed
when not in use.
.
The legs of the figure are jointed very loosely by means of wire loops 1
or links, and the feet of the figure are made with bevelled or inclined
surfaces instead of flat soles and heels to assist in imparting the required
liveliness to the action of the limbs.
When there are two or more figures, each is fixed on a wire or rod as
above described, and the several wires may be attached to a horizontal
rod actuated by a single crank.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WRITING INK, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd June 1873.-A communication from abroad by John Wilkins
Carter, of Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
WRITING INK, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR," a communication, to be as
follows:-
The object of the present Invention is the preparation of inks or
writing fluids by a process in which the results now produced by aging
inks may be obtained in a much shorter time than has heretofore
been required for this purpose.
In the manufacture of inks or writing fluids, especially such as contain
salts of iron, with the extract of galls or tannic and gallic acids, it has
been customary to retain them for from four weeks to twelve months in
the factory in open tanks or other suitable vessels, for the purpose of
separating extraneous matters from them, and developing their colours
by oxidization or aging, and it is generally considered necessary that

page_text: writing inks, especially black inks, should be thus aged before they are
drawn into bottles and other tight vessels ready for sale.
I have discovered that effects similar to those produced by aging inks
or writing fluids may be obtained by forcing common air in fine or small
streams into and through them. For this purpose I use a tight strong
wooden tank open at its top and provided with a suitable outlet for
drawing off the ink. I prefer to use a tank having a capacity of not less
than one thousand gallons.
The said tank is provided with a moveable pipe of copper or other
suitable material, passing over the upper edge of the tank and down
the inside to the bottom, thence once around it and resting therein,
and passing thence across the circular space thus inclosed. This
pipe is to be connected either by rubber hose or other pipes with an air
pump, which throws out air with considerable force, and is operated best
by steam power. That portion of the said pipe lying in the bottom of
the tank is provided with numerous small perforations about one-eighth
of an inch in diameter at regular intervals from each other, and
preferably in alternate sides of the pipe, one end being closed.
Having made an ink, generally a black ink, containing salts of iron and
extract of galls, with or without other ingredients such as gum, logwood,
or the like, I nearly fill the tank therewith, and having connected the
air pump with the perforated pipe I force numerous fine streams of air
through the perforations into and through the ink for any required
length of time. Several hours more or less are sufficient to produce the
effects of aging obtained in several weeks by the process heretofore
employed for the purpose.
The ink bowing heen treated by the process above described. is allowed
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLERS, AND IN THE MODE OF APPLYING THE SAME TO THE PROPULSION OF FLOATING VESSELS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nicholas Demetrius Spartali
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 11th September 1873.
I, NICHOLAS DEMETRIUS SPARTALI, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Steam Ship Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLERS, AND IN THE MODE OF APPLYING
THE SAME TO THE PROPULSION OF FLOATING VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the application of steam vessels of a vibrating
propeller, which, acting somewhat like the tail of a fish, will propel
the vessel rapidily through the water. The propeller will consist of a
pair of blades standing out from opposite sides of a vertical shaft, and
their quiescent position will be in the line of or parallel to the keel
of the vessel. The foot of the propeller shaft, when a single propeller
is used, may have its bearing on the kelson, while its upper end passes
up into the vessel to be connected with the machinery for driving it.
I make a waterway through the stern of the vessel to receive this
propeller; or I may have a pair of such propellers mounted in recesses
formed in the hull of the vessel. The blades of the propeller will work

page_text: in a horizontal plane, and will be curved transversely to allow of their
taking a good hold of the water.
The propeller may be driven by means of engines, the crank shaft
of which (or a supplementary crank shaft driven from the engines)
is to be connected by rods with the opposite ends of a lever keyed!
to the upper end of the propeller shaft. By the rotation therefore
of this crank shaft a rapid reciprocating axial motion will be given
to the propeller shaft, and thus the blades will be caused to press
laterally against the water and force forward the vessel.
Instead of fitting vessels with my improved propeller or propellers
at the stern only, I may form recesses to receive pairs of these propellers
at midships, or near the bows of the vessel; or I may use the propellers
so situated in lieu of a stern propeller or propellers.
CHECKING FARES TO BE TAKEN IN OMNIBUSSES, CABS, AND OTHER PUBLIC OR PRIVATE VEHICLES, AND ALSO FOR INDICATING THE DISTANCE TRAVELLED BY THEM
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abraham Mallory Dillet at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd December 1873.
I, ABRAHAM MALLORY DILLET, of No. 1, Mitre Court Buildings,
Temple, in the E. C. District of the City of London, in the County of
Middlesex, England, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for CHECKING FARES TO BE TAKEN IN OMNIBUSSES, CABS, AND OTHER PUBLIC OR
PRIVATE VEHICLES, AND ALSO FOR INDICATING THE DISTANCE TRAVELLED BY THEM,
to be as follows:-
:-
The appliances employed can be easily and at very little expense be
fitted on to any omnibuss both inside, outside, & on the knife board,"
"
(or seat with the driver) & in cabs & carriages for one or more
persons.
A. As to omnibusses. I fix firmly on to one of the hind wheels of the
'bus a strong iron square staple projecting from the wheel about two
inches, which will come in contact at each revolution of the wheel with
one of the fingers of a "star wheel” moving it one tooth at the end of
the rod on which the "star" is affixed, inside the 'bus & under the seats.

page_text: is attached a "bevel" wheel. Attached to the same rod is another wheel
with the teeth in the ratio to the pinion desired.
B. Inside the 'bus under the seats. on each side is placed longi-
tudinally an iron rod at the end of the one on the same side as the before
mentioned staple is is fixed a similar bevel wheel, and at the opposite end
(at the further corner of the 'bus) of the other rod is a similar wheel.
C. At fix'd distances on these longitudinal rods both inside &
outside are iron "pins" firmly fix'd at certain distances beneath each
seat, which will come in contact with the indicator after mª at any
distance required..
D. On the side of the 'bus on which the staple in paragraph A. is
m", there will be a perpendicular rod which will reach the top thereof;
fix'd thereon are three bevel wheels, the first works into the corre-
sponding bevel wheel first m³, in the sª paragraph A, the second works
into the wheel attached to the longitudinal rod on the same side; the
third at the top of the rod will work the rods after mentioned.
E. Outside the rods are similar to those inside, the last md wheel on
the last m rod will work first the longitudinal rod on the side on
which the s staple is fixed, & secondly, a connecting rod which
will work the other outside longitudinal rod and also a similar perpen-
dicular rod as that before m³ (without the first m" wheel on that rod),
and at the opposite further corner thereto, which will by applying the
same means work the other inside longitudinal rod.

page_text: mark'd on each indicator by the person or persons who have occupied
the respective seats, & will demand from the conductor so much money
as ought to have been paid for the distance travelled.
The indicator is constructed to show on the dial with one hand the
fractions of a mile & the miles in figures.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOXES OR RECEPTACLES FOR HOLDING MATCHES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Collins at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
November 1873.
I, CHARLES COLLINS, of Sherborne Lane, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BOXES OR RECEPTACLES FOR HOLDING MATCHES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in boxes or receptacles
for holding matches whereby a single match can be withdrawn there-
from in the act of removing the cover or stopper and then ignited by
the act of separating or removing it from the instrument by which it is
withdrawn and held.
A bottle-shaped box or receptacle is a convenient form for carrying
out my improvements, although I do not confine myself thereto, as other
shaped receptacles may be employed for this purpose.
To the stopper or cover of the box or match holder a pair of spring
fingers or clips are attached which pass into the neck or entrance to the
box or receptacle when closed, the fingers or clips being open and in a
position to receive the prepared lead or end of a single match when the

page_text: position of the box is reversed to cause it to fall between them; then on
removing the stopper or cover the spring fingers or clips are caused to
close upon the prepared end of the match and thus withdraw it from the
box or receptacle, the spring fingers holding it firmly by means of a
sliding ring or other contrivance. The inner surface of the spring
fingers or clips are roughened, so that when the prepared end of the
match is withdrawn from between them it is caused to ignite.
In place of the spring fingers or clips previously described lever
nippers or clips may be employed for taking hold of and withdrawing a
match from the box or holder.
]
AN IMPROVED MERCURIAL MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM THERMOMETER
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Paschal Casella and
Samuel George Denton at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 23rd December 1873.
We, LOUIS PASCHAL CASELLA, of Holborn Bars, in the City of London,
Scientific Instrument Maker, and SAMUEL GEORGE DENTON, of the same
Place, Instrument Maker, in the employment of the said Louis Paschal
Casella, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED MERCURIAL MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM THERMOMETER," to be as
follows:-
The object of our Invention is to so make a minimum and maximum
thermometer that both the minimum and maximum registration shall
be obtained from mercury, and both indices be moved by mercury.
We make the thermometer as follows:-In a bulb of any suitable
form (but which we prefer to make forked or double in order to increase
the sensitiveness by exposing a larger surface) we place mercury, which
extends up into the thermometer stem for a given distanco above the

page_text: form the indices if desired may be set by tilting, steel being then
unnecessary.
Our thermometer can be conveniently divided on the stem, which
is not the case with other combined maximum and minimum thermo-
meters.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COAL CUTTING MACHINES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Henry [Stubbs and
George Henry Cottam at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 18th March 1878.
We, FRANCIS, HENRY STUBBS and GEORGE HENRY COTTAM, both of
Hunslet, near Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COAL CUTTING MACHINES,"
to be as follows:—
The object of our Invention is to produce an easy working and simple
machine applicable to all thicknesses of scams of coal, and is as here.
after described.
On framework and in suitable bearings we mount a spindle carrying a
cutting tool of any required length. The cutting edges on the tool
follow each other by preference in a spiral direction, though not
necessarily so, forming thereby a spiral cutting tool. We provide a
pulley on the spindle carrying the cutting tool through which rotary
motion is transmitted to the tool in order to give a reciprocating as well
as a rotary motion to the tool. We provide a lever or arm on the frame-
work through which a longitudinal reciprocating movement is conveyed
to the cutting tool spindle, and thence to the tool, a simultaneous

page_text: reciprocating and rotary motion is thus given to the tool. The frame-
work carrying the cutting tool is mounted on tram wheels of ordinary
construction, and gauged according to the pitch of the rails. The
machine is traversed and the cutting tool moved forward either by a
self-acting or hand feed motion of ordinary construction.
Motion is imparted to the herein described machine from some suitable
known motive power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SALT
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Otto Ernest Pohl at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
January 1873.
I, OTTO ERNEST POHL, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Salt
Manufacturer and Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
SALT," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to that class of apparatus employed in the
evaporation of brine in which two pans are employed, and the flames or
heating gases are caused to pass between them, that is, over the one and
under the other, and consists in covering the top of the bottom pan or
that part thereof over which the flames or heating gases pass by sheet
metal or other material preferably formed channelwise when viewed in
transverse section. The objects in so covering part of the top of the
bottom pan are (1) to obtain increased evaporative effect from a given
quantity of fuel; (2) to prevent interference with the chimney draft by
allowing an excessive quantity of steam to enter said chimney; and (3)
to obtain clean salt.

page_text: To allow of easy withdrawal of the salt from the bottom pan and to
provide sufficient surface for free evaporation I make the said bottom
pan of greater width than the top one so that rakes can easily be used
from the sides.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO HARMONIUMS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Waldegrave Allenby at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th January 1873.
I, WALDEGRAVE ALLENBY, of the City and County of Chester, Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN OR APPLICABLE TO HARMONIUMS," to be as follows:-
:-
My Invention relates to means for producing what is termed
expression" or "swell" in the sound of the instrument in a manner
more easy to the player, and more simple and effective than by means
hitherto used, and my Invention consists in making harmoniums with
two "wind chests," or in applying a smaller "wind chest" in addition
to the ordinary "wind chest ;" this second wind chest is arranged so
that by moving a stop in one direction the wind is prevented from
entering the large or ordinary wind chest, and is allowed to pass into the
smaller wind chest, and vice versa by moving the stop in the contrary
direction.

page_text: If desired the wind can be shut from both wind chests, so that the
instrument will then act the same as those with the ordinary "expression
stop," by arranging so that the middle position of the extremes of the
stop will close the valves or orifices to both wind chests," or by using
a separate stop for both purposes.