Improvements in the Method of Lighting Billiard Tables and Ventilating the Rooms.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Feb., 1891-Accepted, 4th Apr., 1891
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of Lighting Billiard Tables and
Ventilating the Rooms.
I, GEORGE BRAY, of Blackman Lane, Leeds, in the County of York, Gas
Lighting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :—
This invention relates to certain improvements in the method of lighting billiard
tables and the ventilation of rooms so lighted.
The objects of this invention are the same as those set forth in a Specification
for which I have applied for Letters Patent dated the 19th day of February 1891
and numbered 3040 entitled " Improvements in the method of and apparatus for
lighting and ventilating rooms.
::
My present improvement is for the better lighting and ventilation of rooms used
for billiards, and whilst the objects are the same as cited in Specification No. 3040º¹
the apparatus differs in some particulars in order to meet the special requirements
of billiard rooms.
In describing my invention in detail, reference is made to the accompanying sheet
of drawings in which
Fig. 1 represents a vertical sectional elevation of my improved apparatus, and
Fig. 2 is a detail showing the connection between the reflector and vertical shafts
or tubes.
In carrying out my invention, I construct an inner and an outer vertical shaft A.
and B, with an open annular space C between the two; these shafts may be of
varying lengths, and both the inner and outer shafts terminate at the burner end
of the supply pipe in conical form, having an open annular space between the
two.
The outer casing B. at the ceiling end terminates in a cone D. which is connected
to a flue or conduit E. The inner shaft. A terminates in a conduit F within the first
named, and so long as these flues are horizontal, they are continued separately the
one from the other, but on reaching a vertical shaft, the flue is then single,
terminating in the open air at the top of the building.
The gas is conveyed down the centre shaft A. by means of a supply pipe H.
which is screwed into an iron plate H secured to the beams or girders G. carrying
the floor or ceiling above. This supply pipe is carried down to a point below the
apex of the two bottom cones J. and K. and to which is secured a four way or
cross L. into the right and left horizontal arms of which, secure two studs M. M.
which are passed through the twc cones J and K. and by these means I support
the whole structure of the lamp and ventilator which have hitherto been carried by
attachments to the ceiling.
To the bottom of the four way or cross L. I screw a pipe N arranged for one or
more burners B, and beneath the two cones J. and K. I place a cone O. forming
the reflector for the light, and support the former by attachments to the outside
thereof two of the attachments are prepared with lugs which clip to the rim on
the bottom of cone J. whilst the third P. is fitted with a screw S. by the regulation
of which, the reflector cone is secured into its proper position.
Within the inner vertical shaft A. about the apex of the cone K. I place a check
or baffler Q. consisting of a disc made in two pieces and carried on the top of the
four way or cross L. This disc Q partially fills the area of the inner shaft A.
leaving an annular space T for the passage of the products of combustion.
The area of the inner shaft A is varied in relation to the length of its vertical,

page_text: and the size of the burners, that is to say, if six cubic feet of gas is burnt per hour
the area of the inner shaft A must be larger than in the case of a consumption of
ten cubic feet per hour.
The height of the vertical shaft that is from the burners to the ceiling must be
considered, as the up current will be stronger in proportion to the length.
The length of the horizontal double flues and the length of the vertical shaft to
the open must also be taken into consideration, as regards the friction in the former,
and the strength of the draft of the latter.
It is impossible to give a fixed rule by which the area of the inner tube A can be
decided, suffice it to say that, the object of the check Q is to so adjust the area,
that the whole of the products of combustion and the heated air from the reflector
shall be carried away to the open air, and further, that the draft up the inner tube
shall not be much stronger than is necessary to accomplish the above object, if it
were otherwise the steadiness of the flame or flames and their lighting power would
be materially affected.
It is however possible that the varying circumstances within and without the
building, such as the shutting or opening of a door, or window, or the varying gusts
of wind, may disturb the balance of adjustment as before described, but in order to
prevent any of the products of combustion being carried into the room by the
disturbance referred to, I provide an overflow, being the annular space between the
two cones J and K, at the burner end of the vertical shafts, and in this way
the products of combustion and the heated air from the reflector O are certain to
be carried away to the open by the inuer or outer shaft.
As to the outer shaft B. in addition to the duty of overflow from the inner
one A. under the conditions named, the annular space C between the cones J
and K carries off the vitiated atmosphere from the room at the level of the top of
the reflector cone O. and also at the ceiling level through the perforations V
provided for the purpose in the positions shown upon the drawings herewith.
The outer casing B is also for the most part kept cool by the passage of air
between the inner and outer shafts an important matter having regard to the
decoration of the outer casing B. of the structure of the lamp, which is thus
preserved from damage.
As to the reflector cone O. it is of ordinary construction, but in order to insure
the passing away of the products of combustion and the heated gases from the
reflector conc O. either up the inner shaft A. or outer shaft B. I place the upper
circumference of the reflector cone O within the outer diameter of the outside
cone J. and arrange an air space or overflow R between the top of the reflector
cone O. and the bottom of the cone K. through which the air passes into the
annular space at the bottom of and between the two cones J and K.
By the above apparatus I am enabled, in the first place, to prevent the vitiation
of the atmosphere caused by the products of combustion in the lighting of billiard
rooms by gas, and in the second place to provide means whereby the general
ventilation of such rooms so lighted are greatly improved.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
_
1. A gas light suspender composed of an inner and outer shaft A and B. each
having a conical expansion at the base and the outer shaft a conical expansion at
or near the top combined with a reflector O suspended and arranged so as to allow
an air passage between the top of the reflector and base of each cone J and K. the
whole suspended by the cross piece L and studs M. M. all being arranged sub-
stantially in the manner as shown and described and for the purpose as hercinbefore
set forth.
2. A gas light suspender in which are combined two shafts A and B having
expanded or conical terminations with an outlet to the exterior, a reflector O. nd

page_text: a check plate Q. all arranged substantially in the manner shown and described and
for the purpose hereinbefore set forth.
JOHN WAUGH,
.Agent.