A Machine for Making Bookbinders' Cases.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Sept., 1890.
Complete Specification Left, 9th June, 1891-Accepted, 11th July, 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A Machine for Making Bookbinders' Cases.
We, CHARLES JOSEPH COLES and ALBERT EDWARD COLES, of 4 Norfolk
Road, Dalston, London, N.E. Bookbinders, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
cases
The object of our invention is to manufacture bookbinders' cases and dispense
with the hand labour at present employed for that purpose by enabling the hand
operations to be performed in an efficient and rapid manner by the action of
mechanism. The covers in which books are bound are technically termed "
and they are usually made up of a combination of cloth and board, or paper and
board, the parts which together form the complete case being combined by a series
of hand operations.
In carrying our invention into effect we use the same component parts as are at
present employed, but we feed them into a machine which operates incchanically
by a series of actions which terminate in turning out finished cases and continues
turning them out so long as it is supplied with the proper materials.
In the hand process commonly employed the workman first covers one side of
the cloth or paper cover with glue by means of a brush, he then selects a board
and places it in position at one side of the cover where it adheres by aid of the
glue. A distance piece or gange also of board is then placed in the centre of the
cover and the second board is placed in position guided by the gange. The gauge
is then removed leaving the two boards glued to the surface of the cover with the
proper distance between their inside edges to form the back of the book. Between
the two boards but not quite so wide as the back is placed a piece of paper or thin
strawboard which serves the purpose of strengthening the back and it is known as
the back lining.
The next operation performed is the cutting of the corners of the cover by a pair
of shears almost to the edge of the boards and then the parallel edges of the cover
are turned in, one at a time, the corners being nicked by the thumb nail after the
first two edges are turned in, so that no projection or bulge is left when the last
two are turned in. The whole case is lastly rubbed over with the edge of a book-
binder's folder in order to expel any air bubbles which might otherwise prevent the
covers from adhering smoothly and flat to the boards. These hand operations
complete the manufacture of a bookbinder's case. Our invention is intended to
perform these operations by machine, the only hand labour required being that of
feeding in the covers, charging certain receptacles with boards and back linings
and taking away the completed cases when delivered by our machine.
A machine constructed in accordance with our invention comprises the following
essential parts--a table or tray to receive the covers, a second table to pick up
these covers having suitable arrangements for the purpose; a glueing roller
revolving in a glue tank; a case, box, or receptacle to contain a supply of boards
and back linings; a set of knives or shears to cut the corners of the covers; a third
table to receive the covers after cutting and carrying them separately to a device
for turning in the edges; a set of rollers to roll the covers after the turning in
process and discharge the cases finished; and such mechanical parts as cranks,
connecting rods, geared wheels, eccentrics, screws and shafts as are necessary to
move the various tables and cause the motion of the cutting knives and the action
of the turning in device and other essential parts.
The action and general arrangement of the machine are as follows:-The
attendant lays a cover on the first table or tray in a recess of sufficient dimensions
to receive it easily; the table then moves on till it comes under the second

page_text: table. This table we preferably place above the plane of the first and cause it to
descend and pick up the cover by projections which first force the corners up and
then seize the said corners by automatic clips. When the second table rises again
it carries the cover with it, then it moves on and presses one side of the cover upon
the upper side of the glueing roller and passes over it. This contact with the
glueing roller revolving in its tank conts the cover with a suflicient film of glue;
the amount of glue taken up by the glueing roller is adjusted by means of a
seraper, so that the cover receives just the right amount of glue to accomplish the
required purpose. The table after glueing the cover carries it forward and brings
it above a box or receptacle containing the Loards and back linings arranged by
divisions to occupy the same relative distances as they are required to do when
glued in position on the cover.
The second table when fairly in position above the box or receptacle containing
the boards, is moved downwards to a sufficient extent to bring the glued surface of
the cover into pressing contact with the boards and back lining; it thus causes
boands and back lining to adhere in their proper positions and when the table is
raised again the cover carries with it two boards and one strip of back lining glued
in proper position.
The table then continues its motion and stops again at a predetermined position
where it descends and the cutting knives are brought into action and cut off the
corners of the cover; the cover then falls and is received by the third table which
carries it to the turning in device, raises it up, and holds it while flaps or plates
suitably guided turn in the edges of the cover over the boards. Two of the Haps
have sharp projecting pieces which serve to nick the corners as is done by land in
order that when the remaining two sides are turned in by flaps, there shall be no
bulge or projection on the case. When the cover has been turned in on the boards
and back lining, it only remains to smooth it over to complete the case.
To accomplish this the third table is again lowered from the turning in device,
and it carries with it the almost completed case, which is moved forward and passed
between rollers to press out the air bubbles it then falls into a receptacle, a com-
pleted ease, and is further dealt with by the usual modes of operation common in
bookbinding. The box or receptacle containing the boards and back linings has
adjustable bottoms working in each division under the pile of the two covers and
the pile of the back linings: these adjustable bottoms are pushed up by suitable
screws acted on by pawl and ratchet or any other suitable means so as to feed the
exact thickness of a board once to each complete action of the machine. The
bottom under the back linings is arranged with a slower feed to suit the thickness
of the linings or the bottom is raised by suitable mechanism, while the glued cover
is pressed upon the boards, so that the top back lining sticks to the cover. In this
manner when the second table comes down with its glued cover it always picks up
two boards and one back lining piece in proper position. The pawls or other
feeding mechanism are arranged to change the rate of feed when required for
different thicknesses of boards and linings.
The glueing roller works in the glueing trough and an adjustable scraper set by
screw or rack is applied to remove the superfluous glue, suitable water jacket and
heating appliances are adopted to keep the glue at the proper temperature and state
of fluidity. The motions of the various tables and parts may be accomplished in
many ways well known to engineers without departing from the essential features
of our invention; thus cams with connecting rods and rotating shafts may be
adopted with suitable guiding pieces and slides to produce the various movements
and pauses or screw gear or toggle gear may be similarly applied.
The various tables may also be adjusted to take varying sizes of covers by screw
and slide adjustments but sometimes we dispense with adjustments by bolting in
separate tables for each size required to be dealt with. This change is easily
accomplished and reduces greatly the number of working parts which would
otherwise he necessary.
The clips for holding the covers are so arranged that one motion pulls back a

page_text: chipping piece and a recess or projection holds it against
spring until
depression of the table on the cover causes the clip to be liberated and hold the
cover firmly
TG
or projectION HORS
agamso
Cupping piece and a recess
depression of the table on the cover causes the clip to be liberated and hold the
cover firmly
Suction may be used to hold the covers if desired as is done in the well known
envelope machine.
The folding in flaps of the folding or turning in arrangements may be
actuated by cams and links or by eccentric and links or springs and pressure as
desired.
Dated this 9th day of September 1890.
CLERK & MARKS,
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A Machine for Making Bookbinders' Cases.
We, CHARLES JOSEPH COLES, and ALBERT EDWARD COLES, of 4 Norfolk
Road, Dalston, London N.E. Bookbinders, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of our invention is to manufacture bookbinders cases and dispense
with the hand labour at present employed for that purpose by enabling the hand
operations to be performed in an efficient and rapid manner by the action of
mechanism.
te
"
The covers in which books are bound are technically termed cases and are
usually made up of a combination of cloth and board, or paper and board, the
parts which together form the complete case being combined by a series of hand
operations.
In carrying our invention into effect we use the same component parts as are at
present employed, but we feed them into a machine which operates mechanically by
a series of actions which terminate in turning out finished cases and continues
turning them out so long as it is supplied with the proper materials.
In the hand process commonly employed the workman first covers one side of
the cloth or paper cover with glue by means of a brush, he then selects a board
and places it in position at one side of the cover where it adheres to the glue. A
distance piece or gauge also of board is then placed in the centre of the cover and
the second board is placed in position guided by the gauge. The gauge is then
removed leaving the two boards glued to the surface of the cover with the proper
distance between their inside edges to form the back of the book. Between the
two boards but not quite so wide as the back is placed a piece of paper or thin
straw board which serves the purpose of strengthening the back, and it is known as
the "back lining."
The next operation performed is the cutting of the corners of the cover by
a pair of shears almost to the edge of the boards, and then the parallel edges of
the cover are turned in one at a time, the corners being nicked by the thumb nail
after the first two edges are turned in, so that no projection or bulge is left when
the last two are turned in. The whole case is lastly rubbed over with the edge of
a bookbinder's folder in order to expell any air bubbles which might otherwise
prevent the covers from adhering smoothly and flat to the boards. These operations
complete the manufacture of a bookbinders case.
Our invention is intended to perform these operations by machine the only hand
labour required being that of feeding in the covers, charging certain receptacles
with boards and back linings, and taking away the completed cases when delivered
by our machine.
A machine constructed in accordance with our invention comprises the following
essential parts: A table or tray to receive the covers, a second table to pick up
those cases having suitable arrangements for the purpose; a glueing roller revolving

page_text: i a glue tank; a case, box or receptacle to contain a supply of boards and back
linings; a set of knives or shears to cut the corners of the covers;
a table to
receive the covers after cutting and to bring into operation a device for turning in
the edges; a set of rollers to roll the covers after the turning in process, and
|discharge the cases furnished; and such mechanical parts as cranks, connecting 5
rods, geared wheels, eccentries, screws and shafts as are necessary to move the
various tables and cause the motion of the cutting knives and the action of the
turning in device, and other essential parts.
Referring to the four sheets of drawings accompanying, in which a machine
constructed in accordance with our invention is illustrated in its various details,
Figure is a longitudinal elevation,
rods, geared wheels, eccentries, screws and shafts as are necessary to move the
various tables and cause the motion of the cutting knives and the action of the
turning in device, and other essential parts.
Referring to the four sheets of drawings accompanying, in which a machine
constructed in accordance with our invention is illustrated in its various details,
Figure 1 is a longitudinal elevation,
-end elevation and
Figure 3 a plan.
Figure 4 is a section of the travelling table in position over the lower table for
cutting the edges of the covers and illustrating the action of the turning in devices
while showing also the details of the ejecting device.
Figure is a plan of the travelling table.
Figure 3 is an end elevation,
Figure 6 is a part plan of the upper table showing the cover clipping device while
Figure 7 is a section illustrating the cutting action and also the clip mechanism.
Figures 8 and 9 are respectively elevation and transverse section of the glueing
roller and trough with operating merluanism.
Figures 10 and 11 illustrate details intended to set the travelling table accurately
in position for the various operations.
Figures 12 and 13 are respectively section and elevation of the engaging and
disengaging gear intended to travel the travelling table and cause it to stop where
required.
Figure, 14, 15, 16 are respectively section, and elevation, and plan of the board
and lack lining receptacles, and their operating mechanism.
The general arrangement and action of the machine are as follow:-
An upper frame A Figures 1, 2, and 3 is bolted to a lower frame A and carries
dovetail or V guides from which is suspended the sliding or travelling table G.
This table is caused to slide along the frame by the action of the engaging and
disengaging nut Q, to be fully described hereinafter, which enables the table to be
geared to the rotating serew B, or the similar rotating screw (, or uncoupled from
both as required for the operations of the machine. The screw shafts B and C are
mounted in suitable bearings in the frame A, and the shaft B is driven by belting
from the pulley 13 and a toothed wheel on B gears into a toothed wheel on (, and
rotates C. We prefer the shaft C to rotate slower than B, and to this end we have
shown the gearing two to one, so that C' rotates at half the rate of B, but other
ratios of speed may be found convenient. The shaft (moves the table ( on its
operating travel while B moves it back to begin operations again.
The nut slides upon a feather on the shaft and this shaft is operated by
cams to throw in gear with either screw shaft or to disengage it from both
scrows. The lower shaft F is driven from the screw shaft C by the worm
gearing 1, 1, F, and the connecting shaft 11, the shaft F being arranged to
rotate at a considerably slower speed than C, making only one rotation during the
time occupied by a complete to and fro movement of the table (i. The shaft D is
conveniently driven by pitch chain D from the shaft F, and it carries the various
cams which operate the parts of the table and the shaft E controlling
the nut Q.
:
The cover receiving table is shown at K and it is operated by the cam K'; the
glue tank contains the glueing roller L'operated by the cam L'; M is the board
and back lining box operated by the cams M, M while N is the cutting table
which also acts during the turning in operation. () are the tapes for carrying the
finished eases to the pressing rollers P, which discharge the cases from the
machine.

page_text: The attendant lays a cover on the table or tray K and it falls into the
recess k, k³, k³, k³ as shown in plan Figure 14, and is kept in position by the recess,
the corners resting upon the projecting corner pieces a, a, a, a³ which prevent it
from falling to the bottom of the recess. The table G is held above K at the
proper time by suitable gearing, and K is then thrust upwards hy the cam K' acting
on a roller carried by the crosshead K. The table is suitably guided by rods K³, K
working in blocks, and firmly coupled at the top by the table K and at the bottom
by the crosshead K. It is thus constrained to move accurately up and down.
As K is thrust up the cover comes in contact with the lower part of the travelling
or sliding table & shown in section at Figure 4, in plan at Figure 4ª and Figure 6,
and part section at Figure 7. The cover is then forced to the bottom of the recess
in K by the table G, the part G2 fitting into the said recess.. The corners of the
cover are thus turned up and at a certain moment they are clipped by clips / shown
on a larger scale at Figures 4, 6 and 7. These clips are so arranged that they
firmly clip the corners of the paper or cloth cover.
The clips are automatic in action. When the table K is withdrawn by the
action of the cain K' it leaves the cover firmly attached to the sliding table & and
tightly stretched across its face (2; the shaft D then operates the gear to liberate
the table G, and connects the nut to the slowly rotating screw shaft C. then
begins its forward movement, and first passes over the glueing roller L and glue
tank L, and the roller is pressed against the exposed side of the cover by
the cam L and so glues the cover surface thoroughly, as it rolls in contact
with it.
The contact with the glueing roller revolving in its tank thus coats the cover
with a sufficient film of glue, and the amount of glue taken up by the roller is
adjusted by means of a scraper / so that the cover receives just the right amount of
glue to accomplish the required purpose.
The table after passing over the glueing roller proceeds on its travel and
brings the glued side of the cover above a box or receptacle M containing the
boards and back linings, arranged by divisions, to occupy the same relative
distances as they are required to do when glued in position on the cover.
The
table G is brought to rest accurately in position above M by means of suitable
devices actuated from the cam shaft D, and the bottoms of the box or
receptacle Mare moved upwards mechanically from the cams M', M³ and the
two boards and back lining are firmly pressed against the glued surface of the
cover and adhere to it. The cams M, M by the continued rotation of the shaft F
then allow the bottoms to drop again and the screw gearing is put in action
and causes the table G to travel onward again, the cover having glued to its
under surface the necessary boards and back lining firmly adhering in their
proper positions. At a predetermined point the table G again stops accurately
in position by means of the gear already referred to, this time stopping above
the table N which carries the cutting knives and other devices; the table N
then rises forced up by the cam N' and the cutting knives cut off the corners,
further upward movement brings into action the turning in devices and when
the table N falls down, the cover has been turned in and lies on it ready to
be ejected by the ejecting apparatus n which operates so as to transfer the
nearly finished bookbinders case to the tapes O rolling on the rollers o, o¹ when
it passes moving as indicated by the arrow to the pressing rollers P, I" which
rollers are driven from the shaft F by the pulley P and the belt P
From these rollers the case passes finished to the discharging receptacle which we
have not shown on the drawing. The rollers press out any air bubbles which may
have formed between the covers, and the boards, and give a smooth finish to the
completed case.
We have now described in a general manner the action of our machine the
extreme position of the sliding table G being attained when it is placed directly
over the table N and when the case is ejected from between (and N the gearing
is arranged to carry the table back to the position in which it is shown on Figure 1,

page_text: above the table K by means of the mut Q and the fast screw B. From the position
shown in the drawing the various operations begin again as hereinbefore described.
From the general action of the machine we pass to the details by which this action
takes place and we would distinctly state that although the details we indicate are
the best within our knowledge yet they may be varied in many points without
departing from our invention.
We shall now describe the devices for travelling the table Gincluding the
arrangements for stopping accurately at predetermined positions and starting from
these positions when required. The table G carries a swivelling or pivoting nut Q
secu at Figures 1, 2, 3 but shown on a larger scale with its connections at Figure 12.
This nut pivots from a sleeve Q' working in the bracket (³ which bracket is bolted
to the travelling table G.
Through the centre of the nut sleeve passes a shaft E having a feather or key
way its whole length and the nut thus travels along its whole length upon a
key way in it or with a key running in the shaft key way. The nut Q can thus be
swivelled at any point of its travel by acting on the shaft E. The nut Q is
formed in two halves (2² and (2ª on opposite sides of the centre and these halves
form half nuts which may be made to gear into either of the screws, B and C.
In one extreme position as shown on the drawing Figure 12 the half of Q is
engaging with the screw B and this causes the table to make its back or idle
stroke or travel at a rapid rate as the screw B moves faster than C. When
the half Q engages (then Q is clear of B and the table is making its slow
forward or acting stroke or travel. The nut Q is oscillated and controlled by the
cam D' fixed to the rotating shaft 1 through the sliding bolt D* which acts
on the projection E from the lever E' which is attached to the rocking feather or
key way shaft E. When the cam D' is in the position shown in the drawing
the shaft 1) rotating in the direction of the arrow, the half Q2 of the nut is forced
into gear with the screw B and the table is beginning its backward travel and
continues travelling back till the roller on the sliding bolt D' passes from the
level of the cam D to the level or cam surface 2. While on the level 2, the
nut oscillated by the spring E' acting on the lever E' assumes its intermediate
position, and both halves (22 and Q remain clear of both screws B, C, and so the
table comes to rest. While the cam D' has its surface 2 in contact with
the roller of the bolt D2 the table G is at that extreme of its travel indicated
in Figure 1, and the table K is supplying G with a cover. When the surface 3 of
the cam is in contact with the roller the half of the nut engages the screw C
pulled over by the lever and spring E E. and Q remains disengaged from B;
the table (then travels on its operating stroke over the glueing roller L' and it
stops over the receptacle M when the surface 4 is arrived at: with the surface 5
in contact the table resumes its travel and stops over N when the surface 6
operates. Thus by the action of the cam D' and its various surfaces 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
and 6 we control the bolt D and through it the nut Q so as to start, stop, move on
again and reverse the movement of the table Gas determined by the halves Q², Q
gearing into the screws B, C or remaining clear of both, and we proportion the
speed of the shaft D and the cam surfaces to operate for the times roqquired and
control the travel of G as described.
Although we thus move and stop Gas described yet it will be readily understood
that in the operations of picking up the cover, glueing on the boards and back
linings, and cutting the corners, and turning in the edges, it is necessary that the
table should stop very accurately at predetermined points directly above the
tables K and N and the board and back lining receptacle M; for this purpose we
adopt the contrivance shown at Figures 10 and 11 on a larger scale and indicated
at the positions of the cams D³ D', D* Figures 1 and 2. It consists of a lever D
pivoted firmly to a part of the frame A. and operated by the cam D³ (Figures 10
and 11); a spring bears a roller in the lever against the cam surface and the front
or end of the lever is of V or wedge shape and fits into a V or wedge shaped
recess G' in the sliding or travelling table G. When the nut Q disengages from

page_text: the screw C and the table stops, the lever D is thrust down by the cam D' and by
means of its V shaped end and the recess G it brings the table accurately to the
required position if it has not stopped precisely at the predetermined place. The
same arrangement is made to adjust the table G at the box or receptacle M and
the table N, the levers at these points being actuated by cams Do, D' on the
shaft D which cams are similar to the cam D. A sliding wedge bolt may be
adopted to adjust the position of the table G or other equivalent contrivance.
The details of the table G are illustrated more fully in section at Figure 4, in
end elevation at Figure 5 and in plan at Figures 4 and 6 and 7. The details of
the table N are also indicated at Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7 but first we shall describe
the sliding or travelling table.
r
The surface in contact with the cover is shown at Figure 4 in part plan, and
as will be observed the corners have automatic clips to seize the corners of the
cover when bent up, as already described, by the rise of the table K. These
clips are opened during the operation of the table N by the contact of
the inclined face of the bolt of the clips with the incline face of part of the
table N; this thrusts out the bolt against the spring and the lever & snaps into the
notch pressed in by a spring and holds out the bolt during the return travel of
the table G to the feeding table K. When G stops over K and K is forced up
carrying with it the paper or other cover the corners are pushed up by the
edges a, a, a, a Figure 14 and pass between the end of the bolts and the metal
of Gas seen at Figure 6. The further rise of K then brings a part of its surface
into contact with the end of the lever and it is lifted out of the notch d' the
bolts & then shoot out urged by the spring, and the paper or other cover is clipped
at its corners and firmly stretched across the face of G which although built up,
presents a smooth and nearly continuous surface.
In Figures 4 and 5 the table is over the table N, and it carries the cover
glued face downwards with the boards and back lining adhering to it as required to
form a case.
The table N consists of two plates N and N³. The plate N³ is directly attached
to two rods or pillars e and which slide in suitable guides, and are connected by a
crosshead N which crosshead carries a roller, rolling on the cam N¹.
The rods efpass through the plate N which fits them accurately, a good sliding
fit and under some circumstances the plate N is kept in contact with N³ by strong
spiral springs ef. The plate N carries at its corners cutting knives y, g' etc.
which have preferably inclined cutting edges, and these knives work accurately over
the corners of the table face G2 and when raised by the rise of N they cut the
corners of the cover. When N rises to cut the corners, two plates h, h¹ kept in
advance of N by spiral springs first come into contact with the boards on the
covers, and the plates are forced back into the recesses in N³ formed for them.
The cover with its boards and back lining is thus firmly held in position before N³
comes into contact with the lower face of G. The knives g, gete. then cut the
corners clear of the covers and further upward movement of N causes the faces c to
open the bolts of the automatic clips and hold them out by the levers d and
notches d'.
The plate N is then arrested and the continued action of the cam causes the
plate N to force up the face (which has hitherto been held flush with G by the
spiral springs kk etc. The face is slightly larger than is sufficient to admit
the boards in position over the covers so that when G is forced up the edges of the
cover in contact with it are bent down over the edges of the boards and back
lining. This is shown diagramatically at Figures 4 and 4° the boards are seen
at,, the back lining at and the edges of the covers are being bent at right
angles over the edges of the boards as at and . When the upward movement
proceeds the plate G³ is forced up till its surface is flush with the upper edges of
the apertures, through those apertures work the folding or turning in plates 1, 2,
actuated by levers P. Figure 4c shows this position and the action of the
plates,, when beginning to turn in the edges x, x". The plate N³ is left

page_text: sufficiently small to allow the plates to bend or turn in the edges completely, and
smooth them over, and springs as P., keep the plates P, P, pressed up against the
case to turn in and smooth down with sufficient
adhere firmly to the boards and back lining and wessure. The oilges being glued
the plates,, are withdrawn
they leave the edges firmly turned in and glued to the surfaces of the boards etc.
A similar pair of turning in plates, act upon the remaining two edges and
they are illustrated at Figure 5 in side elevation, their levers 7, 1, being readily
distinguished.
.
Suitable arrangements for operating the levers actuating the plates P³, 12, 1º, 11º,
are indicated at Figures 4, 5, 12 and 13.
The cam slin D carries a cam R. which operates a lever R' attached to a rocking
shaft R which shaft carries the levers and communicates with a similar rocking
shaft R by levers R, R and connecting link R. The rocking shaft R carries
the levers. The turning in plates P, Pilns operate simultaneously on opposing
sides of the case to turn the cover over the boards. The turning in plates are
operated from the cam shaft 1) in like manner by the cam S (Figure 13) and the
lever S. This lever moves the rocking shaft S which by bevil wheels S³, S'
and S. S operates the rocking shafts S. S", operates the levers land and so
causes the plates, to perform the turning in operation. The lovers R¹, S', are
pressed against their eams R and S by the action of conveniently arranged springs
or weights the arrangement of which is well understood and is not shown in the
drawings. The cams R, S are so arranged with reference to each other that the
respective pairs of turning in plates operate one pair after the other pair, so that
they may not foul each other in their movement.
We have now described the whole of the turning in operation which completes
the formation of the case, and at this point the table N falls again by the
action of the cam N and the completed case falls with it, the part N moving first
until it comes into contact with the part N, when both move downwards together,
the plates h. then keep in contact with the cover for some distance further and
project above the surface of N moving out of the recesses shaped to receive them
by the action of the spiral springs underneath. When these springs have fully
extended the plates h, leave the plate G³ and the cover rests upon them clear of
the plate N and slightly above the upper level of the cutting knives: this places
the cover in position to enable the ejecting mechanism to operate and transfer it to
the tapes (Figure 1. The ejecting arrangement consists of an angle plate
Figures 1, 4, and 5 sliding by suitable eye pieces on roda n*, and operated by
levers n², and connecting rod a' with suitable pins and spring arrangements from
the slot cam n (shown in dotted lines on Figure 5) working on the shaft F. This
angle plate noves over the lower part of the angle projecting under the level of the
plates, and pushes or slides the cover off the plates h, on the tapes O
(Figure 1) and the tapes carry the cover to the pressing rollers P, P which pass it
through, and press out air bubbles while smoothing the surface and then discharge
the finished cover to any convenient receptacle (not shown).
The glueing roller arrangements are shown in detail at Figures 8 and 9. The
bearings of the roller L' are carried from the movable crosshead I by the rods L'
and L, and the slot cam L by the slot L actuates the crosshend L through
a suitable connection. The glueing roller L is raised into contact with the cover
carried by the table G at the proper time and it is lowered on the extreme move-
ment of the table so as to avoid glueing the surface of the table when it is moving
back to pick up another cover, and go through the whole of the operations herein-
before described. The glue is contained in the trough L, and is a water or
steam jacket through which to pass steam or hot water to keep the glue properly
liquid. is a scraper adjusted by screw to adjust the charge of glue given to the
roller to the required amount.
Figures 14, 15, and 16 illustrate in detail the arrangements of the box or
receptacle M containing the hoards and back linings. The box M is bolted to the
framework A' and it is divided into three divisions by the partitions M³, M.

page_text: Three bottom plates M, M, and M7 slide accurately in these divisions and are
carried by three screws m³, m³, m³ operating in nuts m³, m³ m³ revolving in the
guided frame M³.
This frame is firmly guided by guide bars M, M' and is raised and lowered by
the action of the cams M, M moving accurately in a vertical direction. The
three divisions of the box M are filled with boards and back linings and each time
the sliding or travelling table G stops above the box with a cover glued face down-
wards, the bottoms M, M, M' are thrust up and force the upper boards and back
lining piece against the glued surface accurately in the position determined by the
partitions M³, M. Two boards and one back lining piece adhere to the glued
surface, which carries them away when the bottoms fall again by the action of the
cams. At each revolution of the shaft F the cam macting on the lever m¹ moves
the link m³ and so reciprocates the pawl m³. This lever carries a pawl m⁰ which
engages a ratchet surface m" on the nut m and the nut is thus rotated at cach
revolution in such direction as to cause the bottom M' to rise slightly. The
nuts me, m², m³ gear into each other by toothed wheels as shown and rotate simul-
taneously so that at each movement each bottom plate M, M, M is moved up
slightly and the screws m³, m³, m³ are so arranged that each bottom plate is screwed
up in this manner. The lever mis graduated and the link m² connects to it by a
bolt with lock nuts working in the slot so that by setting to any division the pawl
may be oscillated through a greater or less angle and the nuts m³, m², m³ be rotated
to a greater or less extent. This adjustment is required to vary the movements of
the bottoms M, Me, M' to suit different thicknesses of boards and back linings,
cach bottom being moved up at every movement by just the thickness of the boards
and back lining. As the back lining is thinner than the boards the screw m³ is
made of finer pitch than m³ or m". It will be readily observed that the screws m³
and mare of the same pitch and inclination of thread while the screw m
requires to be left handed if the others are right, and right handed if the others
are left.
The corners of the covers are nicked as is done by land before turning in and
for this purpose nicking pieces or projections are applied which act in conjunction
with the turning plates.
With regard to the adjusting gear of the adjustable bottoms of the board and
back linings' box, we would remark that other suitable gear may be applied to the
same purpose so as to feed the exact thickness of a board once to each complete
action of the machine, and generally the various motions may be accomplished in
many ways well known to engineers without departing from the essential features
of our invention. The number of tables used may also be varied and may be
adjusted to take varying sizes of covers by screw and slide adjustment, or adjust-
ments may be dispensed with and tables suitable for each size required to be dealt
with may be bolted to one frame.
This change is easily accomplished and reduces greatly the number of working
parts which would otherwise be necessary.
Suction may be used to hold the covers if desired as is done in the well known
envelope machine.
Figures 54 and 5³ refer to a detail which is attached to the folding in plates Pº, 11º
for the sides of the covers.
At both sides of the folding in plates we attach spring pieces" which pieces
are conveniently rivetted to the folding in plates under them and their function is
to "nick" by the rounded edge shown in Figure 54 the bent over part of the
corner of the cover, and so cause the ends when folded in to lie flat in position
without a bulge or projection.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
(1)-A machine for making bookbinders cases in which the covers are glued,

page_text: boards and backlinings attached to the glued surface, the corners of the covers cut,
and the covers turned in substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in
the accompanying drawings.
(2) A machine for making bookbinders cases consisting of one travelling table
moving above (a) a depositing table (6) a glueing roller (e) a box with divisions
containing boards and back linings (d) a cutting and turning in table with necessary
attachments; the whole operating to pick up, carry, glue, place boards and back
lining, cut the corners, turn in the cover, and discharge from the machine to
pressing rollers substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
(3) In bookbinders case making machinery a travelling table such as G with a
movable portion such as G3, clips such as 6, folding in plates such as 1, P, P, 11º
with accompanying gear substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described
and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
(4) In bookbinders enso making machinery the arrangements for travelling,
stopping and accurately adjusting the position of a moving table such as G
consisting of a swivelling nut Q with shaft and cam operating contrivances; two
serews as B and C ; and levers with wedge or V pieces as D substantially as
and for the purposes hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
(5 in bookbinders case making machinery the use of a glueing roller acting
in a glue receptacle and adjusted relatively to a table above it carrying a cover so
that the cover is glued, on moving in one direction but the roller is kept clear of
the table when it moves in the opposite direction substantially as described and
illustrated.
(6) In bookbinders case making machinery the use of a box or receptacle
divided to contain boards and back linings, each division being fitted with an
adjustable bottom each slowly pushed up by mechanical means by the thickness of
a board and back lining substantially as hereinhefore described.
(7)-lu bookbinders case making machinery the use of a table such as N with
a separate piece or plate as N, plates as h, h¹ and ejecting mechanism as a³ substan-
tially as hereinbefore described and illustrated.
(8)-lu bookbinders case making machinery the use of the machines and con-
trivances constructed and operating as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
Dated this 8.
T
CLERK & MARKS,
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for the Applicants.