An Improved Incandescent Oil or Spirit Lamp.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Feb., 1896-Accepted, 14th Mar., 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Incandescent Oil or Spirit Lamp.
I, HEINRICH HEMPEL, of 4 Waterloo-Ufer, Berlin, S.W., in the Empire of
Germany, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to a lamp in which the spirit is not gasified, but burnt
directly from the wick, and in which the flame produced serves directly for heating
a body capable of becoming incandescent.
As the flame burning from the wick has not the necessary temperature for heating
a body to intense incandescence, the flame must be raised to such a high temperature
as will render it suitable for this purpose.
.:
As moreover the spirit flame, on coming in contact with a solid body, is consider
ably cooled, all contact of the said flame with solid bodies is obviated in the lamp
hereinafter described; the foreing of the flame and the consequent high temperature
of the same is solely achieved by a peculiar mode of admitting air. As furthermore
in a spirit incandescent lamp burning directly from the wick the incandescence
body must surround the upper part of the wick tube, devices are provided in the
arrangement hereinafter set forth which enable the lamp to be conveniently lighted
and extinguished.
In the accompanying drawing
.
Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of a lamp constructed according to my
invention with the parts in the position they occupy when in use.
Figure 2 represents a longitudinal section of the same with the top part lifted.
A is the reservoir containing the spirit, B the burner with the draught-chimney c.
The burner B consists of the top part and bottom part b, the former being
adapted to be lifted from the latter. The bottom part is screwed upon the reser-
voir A and comprises the wick tube d with the wick d', the wick adjusting device t,
the slotted or perforated burner basket k and the adjustable air admission device H.
The latter is formed of a perforated tube h made of equal width from the top to the
bottom, or diminishing in width upwards, and with a closed cover o which does not
project; this tube is adapted to be moved upwards and downwards in a ring r fixed
to the wick tube and which may be made of a material which is a non-conductor of
heat, the said tube being of a smaller diameter than the interior wick tube. For
the sake of greater convenience this movement is effected by means of a pinion i
which engages with a rack z fixed to the tube h left open below.
The top part 6', as regards metallic parts, consists of the burner lid I, the gallery g
for the chimney, the ring p for the incandescence body, the sleeve which fits upon
the wick tube and affords a support for the top part, and the support u for the
incandescence body, shown broken off. All the parts are rigidly connected with
each other with the exception of the support u for the incandescence body, which
is adapted to be adjusted in the direction of its height in a sleeve ¹. The connection
of the ring p and sleeve with the top part is effected by wires or bridge-pieces
which permit of the free passage of the air to the flame.
The ring p for the incandescence body, above which the lower part of the said
body is suspended, serves for the purpose of causing an active admission of oxygen
between the incandescence body and the flame, and also for holding the incan
descence body at a certain uniforin distance from the flame, in order that the flame

page_text: may burn freely on all sides, and it is moreover designed to serve as a support for
the incandescence body when removing the top part 6', so that it will again occupy
exactly the central position when placing the top part upon the bottom.
Oxygen is admitted to the flame through the tube h so that it enters the same at
a right angle without coming in contact with metal or the like, as the air existing
between the flame and tube prevents such contact; the flame is reduced in volume,
but obtains the form of a hollow cylinder and such a high temperature that it burns
perfectly blue.
In order to light the lamp the top part is taken off, the wick is kindled, and
the top part put on again, whereupon the incandescence body is at once caused
to glow.
b¹
Of course the top part b' may be connected with the bottom part 6' by any of the
well-known adjusting devices in such a manner that for example a toothed wheel
gear or a lever mechanism will effect the raising of the top part to such au extent
that the wick may be kindled.
When the incandescence body, through long use, has been reduced in circum-
ference at its upper part, the tube h, which is shown in its highest position in the
drawing, is lowered slightly, thereby causing the flame to assume an upwardly
tapering form which corresponds to the form of the reduced incandescence body.
If the incandescence body is suspended in an appropriate manner from the draught
chimney c the support may be dispensed with.
If the top part 6' of the burner is firmly connected with the basket k, so that
the latter constitutes a part of b', the connection between the foot of the burner and
the top part may take place at by screw threads or by a bayouet joint or like
device, the ring f being in this case dispensed with.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature, of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. An incandescent spirit lamp in which an incandescence body is caused to
glow directly by the wick flame, characterised by a burner B consisting of two
parts & and b, the top part & carrying a ring p for the incandescence body, the
gallery g with the draught chimney c, a ring and if desired the support u for the
incandescence body, and the lower part 6 consisting of the reservoir A, the wick
tube d with the wick d, the burner basket k and a central air admission device H
adapted to be moved in the vertical direction, for the purpose of producing a flame
having the form of a hollow cylinder and a high temperature, and for the purpose
of kindling the wick d' after raising or removing the top part b'.
Second. In the incandescent spirit lamp characterized in the first claim the
arrangement of a ring p for the incandescence body in such a manner that it will
hold the incandescence body at a definite distance from the flame without the ring
coming in contact with the flame, for the purpose of causing an active admission of
oxygen between the flame and the incandescence body.
Third. In the incandescent spirit lamp characterised in the first claim the
arrangement of an air admission device H secured in the ring r of the wick tube or
adapted to be moved upwards or downwards, which device consists of a perforated
or slotted tube made of the same width throughout or tapering upwardly, the
diameter of this tube being such that the inner surface of the flame presenting the
form of a hollow cylinder will not come in contact with the said tube.
Fourth. In a wick burner the fixing of the top part 6 of the burner to
the bottom part 6 by a sleeve f arranged upon the former which sleeve is slid upon
the wick tube d of the bottom part and which in combination with the burner lid 4
bearing upon the burner k affords a support for the top part.
Fifth. The adjustment of the device H characterized in the third claim by a
toothed wheel i through the intervention of the the rack Z fixed to the link h
Sixth. In the incandescent spirit lamp characterized in the first claim the fixing

page_text: of the burner basket k, rigidly connected with , to the foot of the burner (at ).
by screw threads, a bayonet joint or like device.
Dated this 4th day of February 1896.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant..