IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN BREWING
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Lane, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Common Brewer, and William Onions, of the same Place,
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN
BREWING."
Sealed the 7th February 1873, and dated the 8th August 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Lane and William
Onions at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
'
Petition, on the 8th August 1872.
We, JOHN LANE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Common
Brewer, and WILLIAM ONIONS, of the same Place, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
USED IN BREWING," to be as follows (that is to say) :—
This our said Invention relates to certain improvements for grinding
or crushing malt and mashing the same, and consists, first, in the use of
two pairs of rollers worked in combination on one frame, the bearings of
all the four rollers being on the same plane. The inner rollers of each
pair are about (say) less than the outer ones and revolve on fixed
bearings, and are geared together by toothed or friction gear, or in

page_text: other convenient manner, whilst the outer or larger rollers are mounted
on movable or sliding bearing, and are kept in position by weighted lever
gear or their mechanical equivalent, in such a manner that when the
malt is not passing through the mill they are not in actual contact with
their small sister rollers, consequently although the smaller rollers may
be in motion the larger ones remain at rest until the malt commences to
pass between them when they are carried round by the smaller ones
through the intervention of the malt.
An oblique screen is used to receive the malt to be operated upon,
the frame of which is pivoted or otherwise jointed between two uprights
on one end of the machine, and the lower end of which is acted upon by
cams placed on each end of one of the smaller rollers. The screen is
formed with a wire web, the meshes of which are of such a size as to
allow the smaller grains of malt to pass through when it falls on to a
second but much finer wire web or finely perforated plate, through which:
the dust and other fine debris passes off into a box or other depôt placed
to receive tho samc. The small malt falls from the sieve between the
first pair of rollers, and the larger grains are carried forward and delivered
between the other pair of crushing rollers, by which arrangement it
will be seon that the larger malt need not be so much crushed as if it a
were passed through the rollers with the smaller grains, and at the same
time the small malt being treated independently may be crushed to any
desired extent.
The larger and smaller crushed malt falling from the rollers into one
common hopper is conveyed by a spout to the mashing vessel where it is 2
received into a small centrifugal machine mounted on a vertical spindle
within the mashing vessel. The water and malt being supplied
simultaneously through the centrifugal machine during which time it is
driven at a moderate speed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, 3
filed by the said John Lane and William Onions in the Great
Scal Patent Office on the 8th February 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc, JoпN
LANE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Common Brewer, and
WILLIAM ONIONS, of the same Place, Engineer, send greeting.
3

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said John Lane and William Onions, Her special
licence that we, the said John Lane and William Onions, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said John Lane and
William Onions, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUs used in Brewing," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said John Lano and William Onions,
our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
·
1
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Lane and William Onions,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner.
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon:-
This our said Invention relates to certain improvements for grinding
or crushing malt and mashing the same, and consists, first, in the use of
two pair of rollers worked in combination on one frame, the bearings of
all the four rollers being on the same plane. The inner rollers of each
pair are about (say) + less in diameter than the outer ones, and revolve
on fixed bearings, and are geared together by toothed or friction gear or
in other convenient manner, whilst the outer or larger rollers are
mounted on moveable or sliding bearings, and are kept in position by
weighted lever gear or their mechanical equivalent, in such a manner
that when the malt is not passing through the mill they are not in actual
contact with their small sister rollers, consequently although the smaller
rollers may be in motion the larger ones remain at rest until the malt

page_text: commences to pass between them when they are carried round by the
smaller ones through the intervention of the malt.
An oblique screen is used to receive the malt to be operated upon,
the frame of which is pivoted or otherwise jointed between two uprights
on one end of the machine, and the lower end of which is acted upon
by cams placed on each end of one of the roller spindles. The screen is
formed with a wire web, the meshes of which are of such a size as to
allow the smaller grains of malt to pass therethrough when it falls on
to a second but much finer wire web or finely perforated plate, through
which the dust and other fine debris passes off into a box or other depot 1
placed to receive the same. The small malt falls from the seive between
the first pair of rollers, and the larger grains are carried forward and
delivered between the other pair of crushing rollers, by which arrange-
ment it will be seen that the larger malt need not be so much crushed
as if it were passed through the rollers with the smaller grains and at 1
the same time, the small malt being treated independantly may be
crushed to any desired extent.
The larger and smaller crushed malt falling from the rollers into one
common hopper is conveyed by a spout to the mashing vessel, where it
is received into a small centrifugal machine mounted on a vertical 2
spindle within the mashing vessel, the water and malt being supplied
simultaneously through the centrifugal machine, during which time it is
driven at a moderate speed, by which arrangement the malt and water
are thoroughly mixed as they are discharged into the mash tub.
Figure 1 of the annexed Drawings is an end elevation of one of our 2
improved malt mills; and Figure 2 is a sectional longitudinal elevation
of the same.
A, timber bed of the machine; B, vertical plane, on which is suspended
the upper end of C the seive frame, between which is D wire or other
suitable seive, which is sufficiently close to prevent the larger grains of 3
malt passing therethrough, but at the same time sufficiently open to
allow the smaller grains of malt to pass therethrough; E, the lower or
finer seive of woven wire, or a sheet of perforated metal; G, the stationary
frame of the mill; H, larger roller, mounted on h sliding bearings, which
may be fitted with a thrust spring and ; an adjustable screw; H', a 3
small roller which works on fixed bearings, at the axle of one of which
is keyed J driving pulley, and at the other K a toothed wheel, which

page_text: .
gears into a second toothed wheel on the end of L the smaller inner
roller of the second pair of rollers; M, the larger roller of the second
pair of rollers, between which the smaller malt passes, and which latter
roller is also fitted on sliding bearings in the same way as the roller H;
5 N an oblique wheel keyed on to the axle of the roller H, which gives a
joggling motion to the screen frame through P a bent forked arm,
secured to the side of the seive frame; R, a guard over the two centre
or smaller rollers to prevent the malt falling between them.
By this arrangement it will be seen that on the malt being discharged
on to the upper end of the screen the larger malt travels downwards and
falls in between the rollers H and H', when it is crushed to any desired
extent, which is simply performed by the adjusting screw j, whilst the
smaller malt passing through the upper screen falls on to the lower
screen E and is carried down, whence it falls in between the rollers L
5 and M, when it may be crushed to any desired extent by regulating the
distance of the roller M from that of L by the adjusting 'screw j¹.
The malt falls from the two pair of rollers into a common. hopper
immediately below, when it may be directly conveyed through a spout
to the mash tub, when in the first place it falls into the small centrifugal
O machine, hercin-before referred to, where it comes into contact with the
water supply, which with the malt is discharged through the sides of
the centrifugal machine into the mashing vessel, thus insuring a perfect
mixing of the malt and water without the aid of paddles or other mashing
machinery.
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature of this our said
Invention, and the best means we are aware of, we wish it to be under-
stood that we do not confine ourselves to the precise relative details;
proportions, or dimensions of the several parts of the apparatus, as it
will be readily seen that the same may be considerably varied without
departing from the Invention; what we claim is,―
First. Separating the smaller from the larger grains of malt, and
treating them separately by passing the same through separate pairs of
rollers, substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein-before
described and set forth.
.
Secondly. Introducing the ground malt and water into the centrifugal
machine on their introduction to the mashing vessel, substantially in
the manner and for the purposes hercin-before described and set forth.

page_text: Thirdly. The combination of two pairs of crushing rollers on one
frame, operated substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein-
before described and set forth.
Fourthly. The use of the double screen on one oscillating frame,
operated substantially in the manner herein-before described and set
forth.
Fifthly. The use of the small centrifugal machine, applied and
operated substantially in the manner herein-before described and set
forth.
And, lastly. The general arrangement and combination of the several 1
parts of the apparatus, herein-before described and set forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Lane and William Onions,
have hereunto set our bands and affixed our scals, this the Third
day of February, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-three.
]
Witness,
WILLIAM SCOTT WALKER,
of 44, Castle Street,
Liverpool.
JOHN LANE.
(L.S.)
WILLIAM ONIONS. (L.S.)