IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRE- PARATION OF COLORING MATTERS, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF THE SAME TO THE DYNING, PRINTING, AND MARKING OF TEXTILE AND OTHER FABRICS.
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Vincent Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical
Draughtsman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRE-
PARATION OF COLORING MATTERS, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF THE SAME TO
THE DYNING, PRINTING, AND MARKING OF TEXTILE AND OTHER FABRICS.'
A communication from abroad by Adolphe Teysonnière, of Paris,
in the Republic of France.
""
-
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Vincent Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 30th September 1873.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PREPARATION OF COLORING MATTERS, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF THE SAME TO
THE DYEING, PRINTING, AND MARKING OF TEXTILE AND OTHER FABRICS," to be
as follows:
dinh chiant of thin Tucsontion in to nussides colomine matter which

page_text: permanent stain, impression, or marking, in contradistinction to the
fugitive or changeable effects now obtained. To this end a mixture is
prepared of extract of logwood, of chromic acid (or one of its salts), and
aniline black or aniline blue black, soluble in water.
This aniline black is generally composed as follows:-175 parts of
nitro-benzine, 175 parts of aniline, 16 parts of iron filings, 2 parts of
copper filings, 200 parts of hydrochloric acid.
The reaction should take place in a retort of enamelled iron at from
160 to 200 degrees. After from 6 to 10 hours heating the operation
is terminated if the matter draws out in threads which break at the
surrounding temperature. The product is soluble, and the solution,
which is of an intense blue black, could not be employed alone, as the
characters traced therewith would disappear on contact with water.
The presence of the logwood extract and of chromic acid fixes this colour
and renders it indelible.
These matters may be mixed in variable proportions according to the
application to which the compound is destined. A mixture of extract
of logwood and of aniline black in equal parts, dissolved with a very
small quantity of bichromate of potash, forms a color which, when
extended in thin layers or coats, becomes indelible after being exposed
to the air for some time.
The color which this compound produces is more or less blue, or
more or less violet, according to the proportions of the matters
employed, and according to the degree of concentration of the mixture
the colour applied will approach more or less nearly to a blue black or
a violet black.
A like indelible colour may be obtained by submitting the goods to
be dyed first to a bath of extract of logwood and then to the aniline
color. An ulterior dipping in an appropriate bath will give a blue or
a violet, according as the bath is acid or alkaline.
The addition of the logwood and chromic acid, or one of its salts, can
also be made with any aniline colors, the nature of which will permit.
of the mixture without the aniline colors becoming disorganised, and in.
effect the action of the chromic acid is to unite with the aniline color at
the same time that it unites with the coloring matter of the logwood.
The aniline color thus combined fixes itself by double affinity on tissues

page_text: of vegetable matter, and it may therefore be used not merely for dyeing
woven cloth but for marking and staining paper.
The mixtures prepared as above described are photogenic, that is to
say, capable of being acted on by light. This property is made available
for printing on fabrics from photographic plates.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Alfred Vincent Newton in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 30th March 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED
VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, Her special
licence that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might makė,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF COLORING MATTERS, AND IN THE
APPLICATION OF THE SAME TO THE DYEING, PRINTING, AND MARKING, OF TEXTILE
AND OTHER FABRICS," being a communication to me from abroad by
Adolphe Teysonniere, of Paris, in the Republic of France, upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing, under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent,

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement (that is to say):-
The chief object of this Invention is to provide a coloring matter, &
which when used in dyeing or printing, or as an ink for marking
fabrics, will produce a permanent stain, impression, or marking in contra-
distinction to the fugitive or changeable effects now obtained. To this
end a mixture is prepared of extract of logwood, of chronic acid (or one
of its salts), and of aniline black or aniline blue black, soluble in water.
This aniline black is generally composed as follows:- one hundred
and seventy-five parts of nitro-benzine, one hundred and seventy-five
of aniline, sixteen of iron filings, two copper filings, and two hundred
of hydrochloric acid.
The reaction should take place in a retort of enamelled iron at from
one hundred and sixty to two hundred degrees. After from six to ten
hours heating the operation is terminated if the matter draws out in
threads, which break at the ordinary temperature. The product
obtained by this well known process is soluble, and the solution, which
is of an intense blue black, could not well be employed alone,
particularly for a writing ink, as the characters traced therewith would
disappear if brought into contact with water. The presence of the
logwood extract and of chromic acid fixes this color and renders it
indelible.
These matters may be mixed in variable proportions according to
the application to which the compound is destined. A mixture in
equal parts of inspissated extract of logwood and of aniline black, in
a dry or solid state, dissolved with a very small quantity of bichromate
of potash, say from one to two per cent by weight of the mixture,
forms a color, which, when applied to textile fabrics or paper becomes
indelible on exposure to the air.
The color which this compound produces is more or less blue or
more or less violet, according to the proportions of the matters
employed, and according to the degree of concentration of the mixture
applied the color will approach more or less nearly to a blue black or
a violet black,

page_text: The different materials described above, viz., aniline black, or other
suitable aniline color, logwood and chromic acid, or certain of its com-
pounds, instead of being brought into the liquid form, as set forth, may
be mixed in the dry or solid state, that is to say, the aniline color, the
logwood as inspissated extract, and the chromic acid or soluble chromate,
proposed to be used, may be mixed together in proper proportions, and
then by the addition of water at any time, or from time to time, a
sufficient quantity of the coloring principle may be dissolved to be used
for the purposes of this Invention; and such solid coloring matter may
be conveniently employed in the peculiar form of inkstand described in
the Specification of the Patent granted to Edward Marston and Henry
Kleinau, and dated May the eighth, one thousand eight hundred and
seventy-three, and the mixture of dry materials described above may
be used for a great length of time, inasmuch as only a small proportion
of the coloring matter is taken up by the quantity of water that can
be used in the inkstand at any one time, and as successive additional
quantities of water can be employed, as that previously added is used
up, such an inkstand is practically inexhaustible.
A like indelible color to that specified above may be obtained on
woven or textile fabrics by submitting the goods to solutions of the
above named materials in succession. The color thus obtained may be
modified by an ulterior dipping in an appropriate acid or alkaline bath,
according to whether the color is to be more or less blue or violet.
The addition of the logwood and chromic acid, or one of its salts, can
also be made with any alkaline colors, the nature of which will [permit
of the mixture without the aniline colors undergoing decomposition.
The action of the chromic acid is to unite with the aniline color at
the same time that it unites with the coloring matter of the logwood.
The aniline color thus combined fixes itself by double affinity on tissues
) of vegetable matter, and may therefore be used not merely for dyeing
woven cloth but for the several purposes above indicated.
Having now set forth the nature of the Invention of "Improvements
in the Preparation of Coloring Matters, and in the Application of the
same to the Dyeing, Printing, and Marking of Textile and other
5 Fabrics," as communicatated to me by my foreign correspondent, and
explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be

page_text: understood that under the above in part recited Letters Patent I
claim,―
First. Combining aniline black or other suitable aniline color with
an extract of logwood and with chromic acid, or any of the soluble
salts of chromic acid, in the manner and for the purpose above
described.
.
Secondly. Obtaining permanent colors on woven or textile fabrics
requiring to be dyed by subjecting such fabrics to the treatment above
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have 1
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Thirtieth day of March, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.