Improvements in Brick Kilns.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd July, 1898-Accepted, 10th Dec., 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Brick Kilns.
I, WILHELM HEINRICHS, of Barmen, Fischerthalerstrasse 50, Rhenish Prussia,
Germany, Builder, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
دو
My invention relates to such improvements in brick kilns, so called "ring
kilns by which the heating gases escaping from the chambers are used for
warming and drying the new stones, before they are set in the baking chambers.
I attain this object, i.e. nearly complete use of the heat produced for practical
purposes, by arranging a special smoke collecting channel, which leads in a
peculiar way to the chimney, so that the smoke and the escaping heating gases
must make a long way and by placing in this channel a system of pipes for
heating air therein by the escaping gases, and the so heated air I lead then in
a large room closed on all sides, through which the new bricks are carried slowly
on small vehicles, running on rails, from one end to the other round the kiln
and giving the rails a small incline so that the advance of the train of vehicles
requires no extra power. By this means the fresh bricks are perfectly dried
and made ready for burning, the saturated and cooled air is exhausted from this
room by a fan or blower. The air to be heated in the pipes mentioned above
enters therein at the exit side of the bricks and this heated air is carried in a
channel going all the way round the furnace and is led into the drying room at
I finally pro-
various places, so that it will be evenly distributed in this room.
vide means for allowing the hot gazes from that furnace chamber, which is
being emptied, to enter direct into the drying room, so that at the same time,
while this heat is practically used up, the finished bricks are cooled more quickly.
I attain these objects by the furnace shown on the accompanying drawings,
of which:
Fig. 1 is a sectional plan in the level of line I-I of Fig. 3;
Fig. 2 is a similar view in the level of line II-II of Fig. 3.
Fig. 3 is partly a longitudinal section along line III-III of Fig. 1 and partly
an outside view;
Fig. 4 is a cross section along line IV-IV of Fig. 1 in an enlarged scale;
Fig. 5 is a view also in an enlarged scale showing the arrangement of the
pipes and the way taken by the heated air and by the bricks to be dried.
The general arrangement of the furnace may be of any form, circular, oval
or any other shape of a closed ring character. In the example shown, I have
chosen the most usual form of two parallel sides with circular ends.
By means of partitions the inner space is divided into chambers A these
chambers are accessible by doors L from the outside by means of a belldamper
doors C they communicate with the smoke collector channel by a channel B.
This smoke collector is divided by a partition wall, so as to form two channels D
and D communicating with each other at the end furthest away from the chim-
ney. The outlet channels B of all the furnace chambers lead into the channel D,

page_text: so that all the heating gases will be compelled to pass always at least a certain
part of the channel D and then the whole length of channel D', that is at least
once along the whole length of the furnace.
In the upper part. of the channels D and D' i place a system of heating tubes;
in the example shown, three are used-E, E, 2,-beginning at the side near
the chimney and going then along through the channels I) and D¹.
The beginning ends of these tubes are connected to a fan or other suitable
blowing machine F, blowing air into them, and their outlet ends lead into the
channel G, which goes round the whole furnace, at the side of the channel D;
the tubes E, E and E2 end at different parts of the channel D, so as to divide
the air blown in by them evenly through the whole channel, as best seen in
Fig. 2.
This channel G is connected to each chamber by a passage H, which can be
shut off by a sliding door, and it also communicates by means of openings I
with the drying room K going all round the furnace above the filling vaults
of the chambers. The openings I can also be closed by suitable doors or lids
(not shown on the drawing). This has for its object to exhaust the heat from
the chambers when the bricks therein are completely burnt, so that they may
be cooled quicker and also for the sake of utilizing this heat.
The drying room K has its beginning or entrance end at the side of the chan-
nel D; it goes all along the furnace, turning at the end opposite the chimney
and leading then back towards the entrance side; it is closed by brickwork
and has sliding doors at the entrance and exit ends. From the entrance to the
outlet its sole or base is slightly inclined. Rails L' are laid on the floor of the
drying room, on which the waggons M, containing the bricks to be dried, are
carried slowly through the same, thereby moving forwards by their own weight
on the inclined plane, or if necessary, being pushed by mechanical power.
In order to draw off the saturated air from the drying room one or more
fans N are arranged at the side opposite to that of the inlet openings of the
pipes E.
An inclined plane O (Fig. 3) is arranged for raising the waggons with fresh
bricks up to the entrance of the drying room and a similar incline P serves
to carry them further, when they come out of the drying room at the other side.
Pipes for leading exhaust steam through the chamber K may be placed on
the floor of said drying room as indicated in Figs. 2. and 4.
The working of this furnace is as follows:
The sliding doors between the chambers A and the channel. G are closed and
also the channels B leading the smoke into the smoke collecting channel .D,
with the exeption of the last chamber of those in action, that is the one next
to that, which is being emptied. From this last chamber and its channel B,
the heating gases escape into the channel 1) and passing through it, they get
into the channel D', whence they escape into the chimney.
On their way
through D and D₁ they heat the pipes E, E¹, E and the air blown into the same,
the coldest air coming thereby in contact with those heating gases that are cooled
down most.
The air thus heated in the pipes E is led into the channel G and by the
passages I it escapes into the drying room K, taking the way indicated in full
lines by the arrows in Fig. 5 and is exhausted at the opposite end. The waggons
with the bricks thereon pass through the drying room in the opposite direction
indicated by the arrows in dotted lines in Fig. 5, so that during their passage
through the drying room they are exposed to a gradually increasing temperature.
Where found desirable the exhaust steam from the steam engine may be carried
through pipes laid in the drying room and so assist the heating of the same...
By opening the communication between the chambers A and the channel G
the heat in the chambers can escape more rapidly and thus the cooling process
of a chamber ready for being emptied, will be accelerated, while at the same time
the stored up heat from this chamber is economically used up.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
vention, and in what manner the same is to be performed. I declare that what
I claim is;
1.) A brick furnace or brick kiln having a smoke collecting channel D, D¹
and air heating pipes E, E¹, E2 placed therein, in which the air is heated by the
heating gases and is then carried into a channel G from which it can escape
into a drying room K.
2.) In a brick kiln as described in Claim One, arranging the gas outlet chan-
nels B, of each chamber A, so as to lead into that part D of the smoke collecting
channel D, D', which leads away from the chimney, so as to compel the heating
gazes to make a longest possible way through the furnace.
3.) Arranging the outlet ends of the air heating pipes (E, E, E³) in such a
manner that their outlet ends lead into the channel G at different places in order
to distribute the heat evenly in the drying room.
4.) Arranging the channels H, G, I, between the chambers A and the drying
room for the sake of causing a direct escape of the heated gases from the chamber
having to be emptied and so saving said heat for practical use and of assisting
the cooling of the bricks.
5.) The construction of the floor of the drying room K to form an inclined
plane sloping slowly from the entrance side towards the outlet side of the drying
room. The whole as described and illustrated and for the purpose specified.
Dated this 1st day or
1000.
WILHELM HEINRICHS.
Per Karl J. Mayer,
"
Agent.
WILHELM HEINRICHS.
Per Karl J. Mayer,
Agent.