IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO APPARATUS. FOR COOLING AND REFRIGERATING LIQUIDS."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Franklin Hocking, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO APPARATUS. FOR
COOLING AND REFRIGERATING LIQUIDS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Franklin Hocking at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th February 1880.
FRANKLIN HOCKING, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN AND RELATING TO APPARATUS FOR COOLING AND REFRIGERATING LIQUIDS."
This Invention relates to a novel form and construction of apparatus for cooling
and refrigerating liquids, such as brewers' wort, and has for its object the con-
struction of an apparatus that shall possess the following advantages:-Large
cooling surface, small sizo in proportion to cooling surface obtained, perfect
accessibility of parts for cleansing purposes, facility of repair, and adaptability as a
cooler or as a refrigerator, and facility of duplication or extension if required.
An apparatus constructed according to this Invention consists of a vat or vessel
with inclined sides, of size to contain one, two, or more of the hereafter described
apparatus, which consists of a smaller vat or vessel of like section, and placed
inside the before referred to vat or vessel so as to leave a space between the inner
and outer vessel at their sides and bottom. The inner vessel is provided with
horizontal pipes in number as required, say two on each side, placed one above the
other, those on one side of the vat being intermediate with those on the other side.
These pipes pass through stuffing boxes in the ends of the vessel, and are free to
turn therein. Attached to each pipe, communicating therewith and forming part
thereof, there is, what I term, a hollow. leaf chamber, which extends across the
These leaf chambers are formed
inner vat or vessel for the whole length thereof.
of sheet metal, for example, copper, brazed or rivetted to a brass frame and to the
pipes to which they are attached. The leaf chambers are perforated and stayed
with ferrules, and are, as will be understood, capable of being turned up as leaves
on the respective sides of tho vat or vessel by the pipes from which they emanate

page_text: turning in the stuffing boxes. The pipes deliver into the leaf chambers through
perforated lateral passages at one end of the leaf chambers, the discharge being
through a similar passage at the other end of the leaf chambers.
As an example of an apparatus for cooling brewers' wort according to my
Invention, two of the hereinbefore described inner vessels may be placed end to
end within an outer vessel, as described, the inner vossels communicating by a
suitable pipe placed near the bottom thereof receiving the liquid to be cooled
through a suitable pipe at the end of one vessel and discharging the liquid cooled
through a suitable pipe at the end of the other vessel.. The inner vessels being
filled with the liquid to be cooled, and the leaf chambers being laid in horizontal
position in such liquid, and the outer vessel being kept supplied with a continuous
stream of cold water, such cold water passes from the outer vessel through the pipes
and through the leaf chambers, the cooling surface being the exterior surfaces of
the leaf chambers and pipes and the interior surface of the vessel. Where it is
required to increase the cooling properties of the apparatus I place broken ice in
the spaces formed between or at the ends of the inner vessels. After use each leaf
chamber can be lifted from the horizontal to the perpendicular, thus exposing
ad seriatim, the entire surfaces of the leaf chambers, pipes, sides, bottom, and ends
of the vessol, which thus can be got at and thoroughly cleansed.
It will be understood that an apparatus according to my Invention is capable
of unlimited extension, as the vessels with the hinged leaf chambers can be repeated
to any extent.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Franklin Hocking in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 14th
August 1880.
FRANKLIN HOCKING, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
IMPROVEMENTS
IN AND RELATING TO APPARATUS FOR COOLING AND REFRIGERATING LIQUIDS."
This Invention relates to a novel form and construction of apparatus for
cooling and refrigerating liquid, such as brewers' wort, and has for its object the
construction of an apparatus that shall possess the following advantages:-Large
cooling surface, small size in proportion to cooling surface obtained, perfect nccessi-
bility of parts for cleansing purposes, facility of repair, and adaptability as a cooler
or as a refrigerator, and facility of duplication or extension if required.
An apparatus constructed according to this Invention consists of a vat or vessel with
inclined sides, of size to contain one, two, or more of the hereafter described apparatus,
which consists of a sinaller vat, or vessel of like section, and placed inside the before
referred to vat or vessel, so as to leave a space between the inner and outer vessels
at their sides and bottom. The inner vessel is provided with horizontal pipes in
number as required, say two on each side, placed one above the other, those on one
side of the vat being intermediate with those on the other side.
These pipes pass
through stuffing boxes in the ends of the vessel and are free to turn therein.
Attached to each pipe, communicating therewith and forming part thereof, there is,
what I term, a hollow leaf chamber, which extends across the inner vat or vessel
for the whole length thereof. These leaf chambers are formed of sheet metal, for
example, copper brazed or rivetted to a brass frame and to the pipes to which they
are attached. Tho leaf chambers are perforated and stayed with ferrules, and are,
as will be understood, capable of being turned up as leaves on the respective sides
of the vat or vessel by the pipes from which they emanate turning in the stufting
boxes. The pipes deliver into the leaf chambers through perforated lateral passages
at one end of the leaf chambers, the discharge being through a similar passage at
the other end of the leaf chambers.
As an example of an apparatus for cooling brewers' wort according to my
Invention, two of the herein before described inner vessels may be placed end to
end within an outer vessel, as described, the inner vessels communicating by a
suitable pipe placed near the bottom thereof receiving the liquid to be cooled
through a suitable pipe at the end of one vessel and discharging the liquid cooled
through a suitablo pipo at the end of the other vessel. The inner vessels being
filled with the liquid to be cooled and the leaf chambers being laid in horizontal
position in such liquid, and the outer vessel being kept supplied with a continuous
stream of cold water, such cold water passes from the outer vessel through the
pipes and through the leaf chambers, the cooling surface being the exterior surfaces
of the leaf chambers and pipes and the interior surface of the vessel. Where it is
required to increase the cooling properties of the apparatus, I place broken ice
in the spaces formed between or at the ends of the inner vessels. After use each
leaf chamber can be lifted from the horizontal to the perpendicular, thus exposing
ad seriatim the entire surfaces of the leaf chambers, pipes, sides, bottom, and
ends of the vessel, which thus can be got at and thoroughly cleaned.
It will be understood that an apparatus according to my Invention is capable
of unlimited extension, as the vessels with the hinged leaf chambers can be repeated
to any extent.
In order that my Invention may be fully understood I now proceed to more
particularly describe the same, and for that purpose I shall refer to the soveral

page_text: Figures on the annexed four Sheets of Drawings, in which the same letters of
reference are used to denote the same or corresponding parts throughout the
Figures, and which also correspond with the letters and figures used in the following
explanation:
Figure 1 is an elevation of an apparatus constructed according to my Invention,
..
Figure 1 is an elevation of an apparatus constructed according to my Invention,
shown partly in section.
Figure 2 is a plan of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a section at A, Figure 2.
Figure 4 is an end view of Figure 2.
Figure 5 is an enlarged sectional view taken at B, Figure 2.
Figure 6 is a sectional plan of Figure 5.
Figure 7 is a sectional elevation at A, Figures 6 and 2.
Figure 8 is a sectional elevation at C, Figure 6.
Figure 9 is a sectional plan at D, Figure 1.
Upon reference to the Drawings it will be seen that an apparatus constructed
according to my Invention consists of a vat or vessel A with inclined sides, and
constructed of size to contain one, two, or more of the hereafter described apparatus,
which consists of a smaller vat or vessel B, of like section to and placed inside the
before referred to vat or vessel A, so as to leave a space C between the inner vessel
B and outer vessel A at their sides and bottom. The inner vessel B is provided
with horizontal pipes D, D', in number as required, say two on each side, as shown
in the Drawings. The pipes are placed at the side of the vessel B thus, the
pipes on one side and the pipes D¹ on the other side coming one above the other
on each side, and those on one side of the vessel being intermediately pitched with
those on the other side. The pipes D, D', pass through the stuffing boxes E, E', in
the respective ends of the vessel B and are frco to turn therein. Attached to cach
pipe and communicating therewith there is, what I term, a hollow leaf chamber,
indicated by the letter F for the pipes D, and F for the pipes D¹. These leaf
chambers F, F, extend across the inner vat or vessel B the whole length thereof, tho
chambers F being intermediate with the chambers F. The chambers are formed of
sheet metal, for example, copper, brazed or rivetted to a brass frame and to the
pipes to which they are attached (sec detail, Figures 6 and 7). The chambers F,
FI, are perforated and stayed with ferrules as at G, Figure 7, and are capable of
being turned up as leaves on the respective sides of the vat or vessel by the pipes
D, D', from which they emanate, turning in the stuffing boxes E, E'. The pipes
D, D', deliver into the leaf chambers F, F, through the perforated lateral passages
H at one end of the leaf chambers, the discharge being through a similar passage J
at the other end of the leaf chamber.
•
As an example of an apparatus suitable to be used for cooling brewers' wort, and
constructed according to my Invention, two of the inner vessels B may be placed
end to end within an outer vessel A, ns shown in the Drawings. The inner vessels
B, B, are arranged so as to communicate by the pipe K placed near the bottom of
the vessels. The liquid to be cooled is fed to one vessel B and is discharged from
the other vessel B through the pipe M. The vessel A and the vessels B may be
placed at a slight incline, as shown at Figure 1. The vessels B being filled with
liquid to be cooled, and the leaf chambers F, F", being laid in horizontal position
in such liquid, the outer vessel A is kept supplied with a continuous stream of
cold water by a pump or otherwise through the pipe L, such cold water passes
from the chamber A tof the outer vessel and through the pipes D, D', and through
the leaf chambers F, F, discharging into the chambers A", and thence through the
pipes D, D', and the leaf chambers F, F', of the second vessel B, and afterwards to
the chamber A, from which it is discharged, or overflows through the pipe N,
the cooling surface being the exterior surface of the leaf chambers F, F, and pipes
D, D', and the interior surface of the vessels B. Where it is required to increase
the cooling properties of the apparatus, I place broken ice in the spaces or chambers
A' and Aor cither of them through which the cooling water passes.

page_text: After use each leaf chamber F, F', can be raised, or swung in the stuffing boxes
E, E¹, from the horizontal to the perpendicular position, as shown at Figure 3, thus
exposing ad seriatim the entire surfaces of the leaf chambers F, F¹, pipes D, D¹,
sides, bottom, and ends of vessels B, which can thus be got at and thoroughly
cleaned. The vessels B may be provided with a raising cover P and, by preference,
when made of copper or alloy thereof, or similar metal, the outer surfaces of the
leaf chambers F, F, the pipes D, D¹, and the inner surface of the vessels B, and the
pipes K, M, aro thoroughly tinned.
Having now fully described my Invention and illustrated how the same may be
put into practical operation, I would have it understood that I do not confine
myself to the exact details or dimensions of the apparatus, as described and illus-
trated, as the same are capable of various modifications, but what I claim as my
Invention and secured to mo by the hereinbefore in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First. An apparatus for cooling and refrigerating liquids, consisting of an outer
vessel or vat, such as A, in which is an inner vessel or vessels, such as B, provided
with leaf chambers, such as F, F', as herein described and illustrated in the
accompanying Drawings.
Second. In apparatus for cooling and refrigerating liquids, the use of lifting or
swinging leaf chambers, such as F, F', through which the cooling water passes, as
herein set forth and illustrated.
Third. The general construction and arrangement of apparatus for cooling and
refrigerating liquids, as bercin set forth and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Franklin Hocking, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eleventh day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand night hundead