Improvements in and relating to Hard Metal Pipe Flanges, their Combination with the Joints of Soft and other Metal Pipes, and the Method and Means for Effecting their Union.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Aug., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 15th May, 1899-Accepted, 1st July, 1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Hard Metal Pipe Flanges, their
Combination with the Joints of Soft and other Metal Pipes, and
the Method and Means for Effecting their Union.
I, THOMAS SIM, of 81, Govan Road, Govan, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Manufacturing Plumber, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:
-
It relates to hard metal flanges for combination with soft or other metal pipes
and to the method and means for effecting the said combination and the production
of an impervious metal joint. Its chief objects are:-
1st. To obtain a strong and impervious integral joint of soft or composite
metal combined with hard metal flanges united to soft or other metal pipes.
2nd. To effect the inseparable union of a hard metal flanged joint with a soft
metal pipe without impairing or weakening the pipe.
3rd. To effect cheaply, expeditiously and efficiently the inseparable union of an
iron or steel flange with a soft or other metal pipe.
"
In carrying out one modification of the invention wherein soft metal pipes are to
be united to cast iron or steel joint flanges the said hard metal flanges are each
made with a central hole for the soft pipe to pass through and marginal bolt holes.
This central hole is countersunk on each side of the plate. One or more register-
ing pegs and holes or equivalent devices is or are formed on one or both sides
of each such flange for obtaining a true fit, one with the other or with the die,
chill or mould in which each union and each joint is formed. This hard metal
chill'
flange is adapted for being sandwiched between the several parts of a die,
or mould, one part of which contains the form of the joint face and the other that
of the back and the "gate" or aperture through which the soft metal is poured
into the mould for uniting the hard metal flange to the soft pipe. That portion
of the die or "chill" which adjoins the back of the flange plate is made in two
or more pieces adapted for being fixed upon and enclosing the soft metal pipe and
being removed therefrom after the pipe and flange are united. It is, in this
modification, made in the form of a ring collar or clasp in two parts hinged or
otherwise jointed together and adapted for being fixed tightly upon the soft
metal pipe and bolted to the face plate of the die, "chill" or mould. One inner
edge of the ring collar is rounded into a form adapting it for use in "tafting
or turning over the end of the soft metal pipe and the opposite margin of the
collar is squared and furnished with a portion of the "gate or aperture through
which the soft metal is poured into the "chill"; the other portion of the said
'gate" being formed upon the rear side of the hard metal flange plate
This aperture or gate" for admitting the molten metal into the joint mould or
die is variously formed in the mould; either in line with, or transversely to, the
bore of the pipe, in order to suit the vertical or horizontal position in which the
pipes may be placed.
66
6
"
In further performance of this modification of the invention a piece of soft metal

page_text: 66
"
pipe is fitted into and through the centre hole of a hard metal flange and the pro-
truding end of the pipe firmly enclosed and fixed within the aforesaid ring
collar suitably for "tafting" or turning over the outer end. When this tafting
is done the ring collar is removed and the hard metal flange is placed close up
to the tafted end which is thereby partly enclosed within the countersunk
margin of the centre hole. The ring collar is then reversed and replaced upon
the pipe in close contact with the rear side of the flange plate. The plate which
forms the other portion of the joint die, "chill" or mould, is fitted over the tafted
end of the pipe and bolts or equivalent appliances unite the several portions of
the "chill" or mould to each side of the flange plate. The face part of the" chill"
contains a metal gland or core for fitting within the pipe at its "tafted" end,
where it contributes to bring the parts into a true fit before their permanent
union is effected. This core or gland also contributes to prevent the soft pipe
from melting when the hot metal is poured into the mould. The aperture, gate'
or runner at which the hot metal is poured into the "chill" or mould is so
-formed and placed in these appliances that when the metal enters the mould it is
prevented by a spreader or other contrivance from having immediate contact with
the soft metal pipe. The object of the spreader is to distribute the hot metal,
first, against the hard metal "chill" or mould, and thus reduce its intense heat
before it obtains contact with the soft metal pipe: also, that the inflowing metal
may fall into the open parts of the mould rather than upon any one part of the
pipe, continuously. The face part of the "chill" contains also an annular recess
for forming one face of the soft metal (steam, gas or fluid) joint. The ring-
collar back-part of the die, "chill" or mould is made with one or more apertures,
or equivalent provisions, whereat the molten metal can be poured into the mould.
Another modification of the invention differs from the foregoing one in the
back portion of the "chill" or mould. Instead of the back part of the "chill"
being made in the form of a ring collar composed of two or more parts hinged
together and adapted for being clasped tightly upon the pipe by means of a
thumb screw or other such like device, it is, in this modification made in the
form of a plate somewhat resembling the face plate of the "chill" or mould.
dovetailed or other gap is formed in one margin of this "chill" plate so that it
can be fitted upon and removed from the pipe at any time and in any part of it
and when it has been thus put upon the pipe and the latter occupies the central
hole in it a dovetailed or other splice is inserted at the said gap and closes it,
fitting closely upon the pipe. This back plate of the "chill" contains one or more
pegs or holes or both for obtaining a true fit with the hard metal flange also
marginal bolt holes through which screwed bolts are inserted for binding together
tightly the "chill" or mould, the flange plate and soft pipe before the hot metal
is poured into the mould.
A
The countersunk annular channel formed in the aforesaid hard metal flange plate
to receive the "tafted" end of the pipe is pierced from the opposite side of the
plate with two or more holes, countersunk from the back of the plate: the centre
hold of the plate through which the pipe passes is large enough to allow the soft
metal to flow between it and the pipe and is countersunk also at the back of the
plate.
In making these appliances ready for casting the soft metal joint the metal core
or gland of the "chill" face plate is fitted into the
"
tafted
and the flange plate, which is on the pipe, is fitted to or into the die face plate
end of the pipe
and then the back portion of the die is fitted over the pipe and to or into the
flange plate the screwed bolts are inserted through the marginal holes of the
"chill" parts and flange and tightened up: then the appliances are ready for
the soft metal to be poured into the mould.
When casting this embedding joint the metal is poured into the "chill" or
mould from the back side of the hard metal flange from whence it flows into the
annular countersunk cavity surrounding the "tafted" end of the pipe and from it
through the several holes beforenamed into the countersunk parts behind the

page_text: flange plate. The bolts can be unscrewed and taken out when the metal is set
and the die parts and runner are romoved.
..
The hard metal flange and soft metal pipe have now, by the method and
means above described, become embedded in this soft metal casting and form
one integral whole. The tafted" end of the pipe, surrounded with a rim of soft
metal protrudes beyond the face of the flange plate and when two such flanged
pipes are placed together and bolted tight these protruding parts of the soft
metal joint and "tafted" pipe constitute a perfectly tight and impervious air,
gas, steam or fluid joint.
The aforesaid hard metal flanges together with the method and means for
uniting them to pipes are designed for application to copper, brass, steel, iron or
other metal pipes and the joint thus formed in a "chill" is designed to consist
of any kind of soft composite or ductile metal.
These chills" dies or moulds are varied in the number of their parts and in
the arrangements for pouring in the metal in order that these joints may be
made upon pipes before or after they are fixed. The "chills" require to be used
in horizontal or vertical positions and the " gates or apertures for pouring in
the metal must always be vertically placed whether they are in line with or
transverse to the bore of the pipe.
Dated this Twelfth day of August 1898.
JOSEPH LOCKWOOD,
263, Argyle Street, Glasgow
Agent for the Applicant.
Improvements in and relating to Hard Metal Pipe Flanges, their
Combination with the Joints of Soft and other Metal Pipes, and
the Method and Means for Effecting their Union,
I, THOMAS SIM, of 81, Govan Road, Govan, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Manufacturing Plumber, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
It relates to hard metal flanges for combination with soft or other metal pipes
and to the method and means for effecting the said combination and the production
of an impervious metal joint. Its chief objects are:-
1st. To obtain a strong and impervious integral joint of soft or composite
metal combined with hard metal flanges united to soft or other metal pipes.
2nd. To effect the inseparable union of a hard metal flanged joint with a soft
metal pipe without impairing or weakening the pipe.
3rd. To effect cheaply, expeditiously and efficiently the inseparable union of an
iron steel or other metal flange with a soft or other metal pipe.
The invention will be better understood if reference is made to the accompany-
ing drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a view in elevation representing two soft metal pipes combined
with hard metal flanges in the construction of an impervious metal joint in
accordance with this invention.
Figure 2 is a view in elevation shewing the rear side of a hard metal flange
plate as per Fig. 1.
Figure 3 is an edge view in section of the said hard metal flange plate.
Figure 4 is a view in perspective shewing the face of a chill plate or mould
for forming the soft metal joint-face upon a hard metal flange plate.

page_text: Figure 5 is an edge view in section shewing a hard metal flange plate enclosed
in the face and back parts of a chill or mould.
Figure 6 is a back view in perspective of a hinged combined chill and tafting
device; and Fig. 7 is a section of same.
Figure 8 is an edge view in section shewing the tafted end of a pipe resting in
a cavity contained in a hard metal flange plate.
Figure 9 is a view in perspective shewing a pipe and flange enclosed in a chill
or mould.
Figures 10 and 11 are views in perspective of a combined hinged chill and
tafting device; open and closed.
Figure 12 is a perspective view shewing the combination of a soft metal pipe
with a hard metal flange plate and soft metal annular joint-face.
Figures 13 and 14 are views representing two parts of a chill plate.
Figure 15 is a back view in elevation of a hard metal flange plate.
Figure 16 is an edge view in section shewing a tafted pipe and the last named
plate enclosed between the front and back plates of a chill.
Figure 17 is an edge view in section shewing a flange plate enclosed between
the several parts of a chill and bolted together.
Figure 18 is an edge view in section shewing a hard metal flange plate com-
bined with a soft metal pipe-seat-and-joint-face.
Figure 19 is a view in section representing two of the plates shewn in Fig. 18
fitted upon tafted pipes and bolted together.
Figure 20 is an edge view in section representing parts of a tafted soft metal
pipe and hard metal flange inseparably united by being embedded in a soft metal
ring casting.
Similar letters of reference and numerals throughout the illustrations indicate
corresponding parts.
In carrying out one modification of the invention as shewn in Figs. 1 to 12
wherein soft metal pipes A are to be united to cast iron steel or other hard metal
joint flanges B, the said hard metal flanges are each made with a central hole b
Fig. 2 for the soft metal pipe A to pass through; also marginal bolt holes 6.
This central hole, 6 is countersunk on cach side of the plate B; see Fig. 3. One
or more registering pegs, Fig. 4 and holes b Figs. 3 and 12 or equivalent
devices is or are formed in or on one or both sides of each such flange plate B
or the die chill or mould C Fig. 4 for obtaining a true fit one part with another;
in which mould or chill each union and each joint-face is formed. The pegs c
upon the die C Fig. 4 for engaging with the holes 62 in the plate B are adapted for
effecting this registering purpose. This hard metal flange B is adapted for being
sandwiched between the several parts C, D, of a die, chill or mould, as shewn in
Fig. 5, one part, C, of which mould contains the form of the joint-face and the
other part, D, contains the back of the mould and sometimes the "gate," or
part of the gate, runner or aperture through which the soft metal is poured into
the mould for uniting the hard metal flange B to the soft metal pipe A. That
portion of the die or chill which adjoins the back of the flange plate B is made
in two or more pieces D, d', Figs. 6 and 7, adapted for being fixed upon and
enclosing the soft metal pipe A and for being removed therefrom after the
pipe A and flange B are united together. In this modification the member 1
is made in the form of a ring collar or clasp in two parts D, d' hinged or other-
wise jointed together at and adapted by the flanges also the two lugs or
ears and thumb screw for being fixed tightly upon the soft metal pipe A
and bolted through holes such as to the face plate C of the die, chill or mould.
One inner edge of this ring collar D, is rounded into a form adapting
it for use in "tafting" or turning over the end of the soft metal pipe A and the
opposite margin of the collar is squared and furnished with a portion of the
gate," runner or aperture (d) through which the soft metal is poured into the
chill; the other part or parts 63 of the said gate being formed in the rear side of
the hard metal flange plate B, see Fig. 2. This aperture or "gate" for admitting

page_text: "
J
the molten metal into the mould or die is variously formed in or upon the mould:
either in line with, or transversely to, the bore of the pipe in order to suit the
vertical or horizontal positions in which the pipes may be situated. This com-
bined ring collar and tafting tool part of the chill or mould is sometimes made
in the form shewn in Figs. 10 and 11; namely, without any flanges & Figs. 6
and 9, or holes or d but hinged at and with lugs and thumb screw d, d.
In performance of this modification of the invention a hard metal flange such
as B Figs. 2 and is placed upon a soft metal pipe such as A Fig. 1, with the
countersunk part of the said flange plate towards the free end of the pipe.
The ring collar 1) Figs. 6 and 7 is fixed tightly upon the end of the said pipe
suitably for tafting or turning over the outer end of it. When this tafting
is done the ring collar D is removed and the hard metal flange plate B is placed
close up to the tafted end of the pipe A which then lies within the countersunk
part or margin + of the centre hole b. This is shewn in Figure 8. The ring
collar 1), is then reversed and replaced upon the pipe A in close contact with
the rear side of the flange plate B and the plate C Fig. 4 which forms the other
portion of the die chill or mould is fitted over the tafted end of the pipe and bolts
and nuts E, el Fig. 1 or equivalent appliances unite the several portions of the
chill or mould to each side of the flange plate B. The face part C of the chill
contains a protruding metal gland or core 2 Fig. 4 for being fitted within the
tafted end of the pipe A where it contributes to bring the several parts into a
true fit before their permanent union is effected by bolting or equivalent means.
This core or gland c² also contributes to prevent the soft pipe A from being
melted when the hot metal is poured into the mould. The ring-collar back-
part D, of the die, chill or mould is sometimes made with one or more
apertures Fig. 6 or equivalent provision in the flanges whereat the molten
metal can be poured into the mould. The plates B, C, D being in horizontal
positions as shown in Fig. 9 and the pipe A vertical. Pegs such as Fig. 4 in
the die part C are designed for entering the recesses b³ Fig. 3 in the flange plate B
for obtaining a true fit of the plates B and C.
The face part C of the chill contains an annular recess for forming one part
or face Fig. 12 of a soft metal pipe joint. Joints formed with such annular
metal faces are designed for use in connection with air steam, gas or fluid pipes.
The countersunk annular channel Figs. 3 and 8 formed in the face of the
aforesaid hard metal flange plate 13 to receive the tafted end of the pipe A is
pierced from the opposite side of the plate B with two or more holes counter-
sunk at the back of the plate and one or any of these holes is used as the gate or
runner. The centre hole 1 of the plate B through which the pipe A passes
is larger than the said pipe: large enough to allow the soft metal to flow between
it and the pipe A and is also countersunk at the back 69 of the plate.
When combining these appliances in readiness for casting a soft metal joint
part upon a pipe A the metal core or gland of the chill face plate C Figs. 4
and 5 is fitted into the tafted end of the said pipe (see Fig. 16) and the flange
plate B which has been put upon the pipe before the tafting was done as before
described is fitted to or into the die face plate C and then the back portions D
to of the die are fitted over the pipe and to, into, or upon the flange plate B.
The screwed bolts E are inserted through the marginal holes 2 of the chill parts
and flange B and tightened up with their nuts e. The appliances are then in
the positions shewn in Fig. 9 and are ready for the soft metal to be poured into
the mould. The metal is poured into the chill or mould at the hole d Fig. 9
and through the back side of the hard metal flange plate B from whence it flows
into the annular countersunk cavity & surrounding the tafted end of the pipe A
and from it through the several holes and spaces beforenamed into the counter-
sunk parts behind the said plate. When this casting process is complete the
tafted end of the pipe A and certain parts of the hard metal flange plate B
are embedded together in the soft metal and combine to form one integral half
of a flanged pipe joint. When the metal has cooled the bolts and couplings

page_text: can be removed, the appliances separated and the runner cut off. The hard metal
flange plate B and soft metal pipe A have by the method and means above
described become embedded in the soft metal casting and formed into one integral
whole.
The tafted end of the pipe A is now surrounded with a rim of soft metal 66,
Fig. 12, which protrudes beyond the face of the flange plate B and when two such
flanged pipes are placed together and bolted tight as shewn in Fig. 1, these pro-
truding parts 66 of the soft metal and tafted pipe constitute a perfectly tight and
impervious joint for either gas, steam or fluid pipes.
These chills dies or moulds are varied in the number and shape of their parts
and in the arrangements for pouring in the metal in order that these joint parts
may be made upon pipes before or after the pipes are fixed in their several places.
The chills require to be used in horizontal or vertical positions and the "gates'
or apertures such as band for pouring in the metal must always be vertically
placed whether they are in line with or transverse to the bore of the pipe.
Instead of bolts and nuts E, el, Fig. 1 being employed for uniting the
parts B, C, D together the said parts may be fixed in a vice for more rapid
operation.
Another modification of the invention differs from the foregoing one slightly
and comprises several variations in the back portions of the chill or mould and
the flange plate B. These variations adapt the appliances for being used in
forming similar joint parts upon pipes which are in horizontal positions to those
above described upon pipes in vertical positions. Instead of the back part of
the chill being made in the form of a ring collar composed of two or more parts
hinged together and adapted for being clasped tightly upon the pipe by means
of a thumb screw and nut or other such like device it is in this modification
made in the form of a plate F Fig. 13 somewhat resembling the face plate of
the chill or mould. A gap or opening fl is formed from the margin of this
plate to the centre hole so that it can be fitted upon and removed from the
pipe A as required. The margins fa of this gap or opening are dovetailed or
suitably formed for receiving a sliding shutter or splice f3 which is adapted for
closing it after the plate F has been put upon the pipe A. A portion of the
gate, runner or aperture f* at which the metal is poured into the mould is formed
in the sliding shutter 3 Fig. 14. Instead of either of the holes 63 in the plate B
being used in this modification as a gate for the metal to be poured in at, a
hole, is formed at the inner end of a gate channel 67 formed on the back side
of the flange plate B, Fig. 15 and corresponding to also associate with the gate f*
in the sliding shutter f³ Fig. 14. At the base of the gate 67, Figs. 14 and 15
is a hard metal spreader bs Figs. 15 and 16 forming part of the plate B so that
when the hot metal enters the gate at 7 it is prevented by this spreader from
flowing directly upon the soft metal pipe A. One purpose to be served by the
introduction of this hard metal step, or spreader 68 is to distribute the hot metal
right and left into the hard metal chill or mould and this reduces its intense
heat before it obtains contact with the soft metal pipe; also that the inflowing
metal may run into the open parts of the mould rather than continuously upon
any one part of the pipe A. The flange plate B in this modification contains
countersunk holes 63 behind and open to the channel as before described.
The back plate F of the chill or mould contains one or more pegs (³ Fig. 4 or
holes Figs. 3 and 12 or both, when required for engaging with corresponding
members in or upon the back of the plate B for obtaining a true fit therewith
also marginal bolt holes 2 through which screwed bolts E are inserted for
binding together tightly with nuts e¹ the chill or mould; also the flange plate B
and pipe A before the hot metal is poured into the mould. The plate B in this
modification is put upon the horizontal pipe A before the end of the latter is
tafted. When the bell mouth is formed on the pipe the plates F, f3 and C are
combined with and fixed to the flange plate B and the metal is then poured into

page_text: the mould at 67 as before described. This process is performed upon two adjacent
pipe ends and when they are finished and the two hard metal flange plates B are
bolted together a perfectly tight and impervious joint is formed for either air,
gas, steam or fluid pipes. A hinged ring such as that (marked d³ to ds) which
is shewn open and closed in Figs. 10 and 11 is used for tafting the end of the
pipe A. This hinged ring to is a combined tafting-ring and "chill" back-
part.
A further modification of the invention relates to the combination of an integral
soft metal joint-face and pipe-seat with either variety of the hard metal flange
plates above described. In this modification the pipes do not become integral
parts of the joint and are adapted for being separately but not inseparably united
to these last named hard metal flanges and soft metal joint-faces. A chill or
mould plate G Fig. 17 is formed for receiving the hard metal flange plate shewn
in Fig. 15. This plate G contains an annular groove or mould g in which the
joint face is formed also a concave part 2 in which the seat is formed for the
tafted, headed or belled end of a pipe A. The centre of the plate G forms a metal
core for defining and forming the hole for the pipe A: it contains preferably an
open bore g³ for a screwed bolt E to pass through. The flange plate B Fig. 15
is placed in position upon the chill plate G and these are sandwiched between
two outside plates H and Fig. 17 and held together by a screwed bolt and
nut E, e. The melted metal is poured into this mould at 7 and covers all the
inner margin of the flange plate B, filling the parts 3 and 67 which parts con-
tribute to bind the soft metal pipe-seat and joint-face 60 to the hard metal flange.
plate as shewn in Fig. 18. The gate-channel of the flange plate B in this modi-
fication is open at 6 to the die cavity (with a spreader 68) or at any other
convenient part, the spreader 68 being unnecessary when there is no soft pipe A
in the mould. The outside plate corresponding to H in Fig. 17 is sometimes
made with holes such as d, Figs. 6 and 9 for use in pouring in the hot metal
in a horizontal position instead of the (edge or) marginal aperture 7. Figure 19
represents two hard metal flange plates B faced with soft metal pipe-seats-and-
joint-faces 10 put upon two pipes A and then bolted together after the said pipes
have been tafted to fit the seats 12 Fig. 18.
Figure 20 represents, in section, a hard metal flange B united to a soft metal
pipe A by means of an annular casting of soft metal marked 10 having an
annular joint-face 66 in which metal casting parts of A and B are inseparably
embedded,
Figure 19 represents, in section, a strong, impervious integral joint made of
soft or composite metal parts 610 inseparably combined with hard metal flanges B
which are fitted moveably upon soft metal pipes A and held in position with
screwed bolts E and nuts e¹.
The aforesaid hard metal flanges B together with the methods and means for
moveably or inseparably uniting them to pipes are designed for application to
copper brass steel iron or other metal pipes and the joint-faces 20 thus formed
by casting molten metal upon hard metal flange plates or upon hard metal flange
plates and metal pipes contained in chills or moulds are intended to be made of
any kind of soft, composite or ductile metal, including gun-metal and are
applicable to gun-metal flange plates.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
First, A hard metal pipe flange B, 61 with annular face recess 6 pierced with
holes 3 countersunk at the back also countersunk margin 9 all substantially
as herein described and drawn or any mere modification thereof for the purposes
specified.
Second, A hard metal pipe flange B, 61 with annular face recess + pierced with
holes 3 countersunk at the back also countersunk margin 6º combined with

page_text: a soft or composite ring casting 60, 610, 612, all substantially as herein described
and drawn or any mere modification thereof for the purposes specified.
Third, A hard metal pipe flange B, 6' with annular face recess 6+ pierced with
holes 63 countersunk at the back also countersunk margin 69, also a soft, composite
or other metal pipe A all combined inseparably with a soft or composite metal
ring casting b 610, substantially as herein described and drawn or any mere
modification thereof for the purposes specified.
Fourth, The method of casting the joint face and seat for a metal pipe upon
a hard metal flange plate B in a chill or mould containing the said flange plate
all substantially as herein described with reference to drawing or any mere
modification thereof for the purposes specified.
Fifth, The method of casting the joint facq for a metal pipe upon a metal
pipe and hard metal flange plate in a chill or mould containing the said flange
plate B and pipe A all substantially as herein described with reference to the
drawings or any mere modification thereof for the purposes specified.
Sixth, In a metal chill or mould for a pipe-joint face the combination there-
with of the gland or core c² all substantially as herein described with reference
to the drawings or any mere modification thereof for the purposes specified.
Seventh, In a metal chill or mould for a pipe-joint face the combination
therewith of the hinged tafting ring all substantially as herein described with
reference to Figs. 6 and 7 of the drawings or any mere modification thereof for
the purposes specified,
Eighth, In a metal chill or mould for a pipe-joint face the combination there-
with of the hinged tafting ring all substantially as herein described with reference
to Figs. 10 and 11 of the drawings or any mere modification thereof for the
purposes specified.
1011
1000
JOSEPH
LOCKWOOD,
203, Argyle Street, Glasgow, Agent for the Applicant.