matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ORNAMENTATION OF SKIRTS AND OTHER ARTICLES OF APPAREL
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Lamprell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
May 1875.
"
I, EDMUND LAMPRELL, of the Firm of Lamprell, Andrews, and
Emerson, of Cannon Street, in the City of London, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ORNAMENTATION
OF SKIRTS AND OTHER ARTICLES OF APPAREL," to be as follows :—
The chief object of this Invention is to produce a novel and effective
ornamentation upon skirts composed of seamless felts and Melton cloths.
These articles have hitherto been ornamented by simple embroidery by
embossing and printing, and by securing satin and other ornamental
fabrics to the face thereof by adhesive composition and pressure.
I now propose to apply to skirts an ornamental border, by preference
a continuous floriated pattern or device in a color somewhat similar to
the ground fabric and of like material, but of a darker or a lighter tint.
This I do by first marking or printing on the selected fabric the design
intended to be reproduced, taking care that such design shall be formed
by enclosing lines; I then by the aid of the Bonnaż or other equivalent

page_text: embroidering machine follow such enclosing lines in all their con-
volutions until every portion of the markings of the design is repre-
sented by an embroidery line of stitching. When this is effected I
remove so much of the applied fabric as is external of the enclosing
lines, and I thus produce a tinted pattern of an effected character
which will impart to the skirt none of the stiffness of the embossed and
printed designs heretofore employed, and will unlike the cemented
patterns have no tendency to peel off from the ground fabric. It will
be understood that this mode of producing tinted ornamental devices is
equally applicable to ladies' cloaks and wrappers.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN ENDLESS WIRES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINERY
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Barnouin Rowcliffe, of Godley, in the
County of Chester, Wire Manufacturer, for the Invention of "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN ENDLESS WIRES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINERY."
Sealed the 9th December 1875, and dated the 31st August 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Barnouin Row-
cliffe at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 31st August 1875.
I, JOHN BARNOUIN ROWCLIFFE, of Godley, in the County of Chester,
Wire Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ENDLESS WIRES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINERY," to be
as follows:.

page_text: a substitute for the felts at present used for carrying the continuous
sheet of paper in contact with the drying cylinders in paper-making
machinery, and consists in the use and application of coils or spirals of
wire, which are intertwined or coiled one into another, and so form an
endless sheet suitable for the afore-mentioned purposes. This description
of endless wires is capable of passing round rollers of small diameter as
it is almost impossible to injure it on account of its hinge-like formation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FORMING THE HEARTH OF PUDDLING FURNACES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Inns at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 18th March
1875.
I, WILLIAM INNS, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the County of Durham, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FORMING THE HEARTH OF PUDDLING FURNACES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the preparation or formation of the hearth of
the ordinary puddling furnace. Heretofore it has been usual to melt
up scrap to form a lining for the cast-iron plates of which the hearth is
constructed in order to protect the said plates from the action of the
melted metal, and to form a suitable bottom to puddle on.
Now by my Invention I substitute in lieu of the scrap for forming the
hearth a material of far inferior commercial value, whereby the scrap
which is of considerable value for other purposes is saved, and a notable
economy is thereby effected.
According to my Invention I take "best tap" (which is the cinder
from a reheating furnace having what is known as a cinder bottom), in

page_text: the liquid state direct from the furnace, and before it becomes cool cover
with a layer of the same of suitable thickness the cast-iron plates of the
hearth of the puddling furnace. This layer of tap cinder should be
applied immediately after a heat" and before the furnace has cooled.
When cool the layer of tap cinder forms a durable bottom to puddle on.
56
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF WINDOWS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Macdonald at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
June 1875.
I, JAMES MACDONALD, of New Compton Street, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF WINDOWS," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to so construct and secure the window
to the frames that the window when required may be cleaned without the
necessity of standing outside the same as at present. The whole window
space opened, and also the window sashes, may with facility be entirely
removed from the window frame.
Substantially the following arrangements I prefer to adopt :-The
frame for the window is constructed in manner somewhat similar to that
at present adopted, with the addition at each side of a slide made of
metal to allow the sash frames carrying the window pane or panes to be
moved with facility up or down. At the top of the window frame is
fitted free to move a drop piece. Each of the sash frames carrying the

page_text: windows is hinged respectively on to a piece of wood, which slide in the
grooves formed at the sides of the frame, and on the opposite side to
the hinge a slide is also provided for securing the window when closed,
and to this slide the usual cord and weight is attached. Where the cord
is attached to the slide a plate is fitted, so that should a new line be
required all that is necessary is to unscrew the plate and secure a new
cord to the slide; also similar arrangements are made in the frame for
removing the weight or attaching line thereto. The two portions of the
sash frames of the window it will thus be seen are secured respectively
to the slides which run in the grooves formed in the sides of the frame,
and either sash frame may be moved up or down the whole length of
the frame.
It is evident that with the ordinary form of window one sash frame
would not pass the other, but the drop piece (which is an important
feature in my Invention) secured in the upper portion of my window
frame will allow of this being done, for as soon as the sash fastener is
unfastened the weights will pull up the top sash frame, and with it the
drop piece, so that the upper sash frame may pass over the lower sash
frame; but when the window is in its ordinary closed position the space
that would be left between the top portion and the frame of the window
is filled up by the said drop piece.
Suitable catches are attached to my window and also to the slides to
allow of the frames being secured in position.
· The catches or fastenings for the upper and lower frames of the
window are made with a spring to fasten the window to the slide.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR UTILIZING FUEL FOR HEATING PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gurney Kelley Burt at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 16th December 1875:
:
I, JOHN GURNEY KELLEY BURT, of Lee, in the County of Kent,
Doctor of Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR UTILIZING FUEL FOR HEATING
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
com-
This Invention has for its object an improved mode of and apparatus
for utilizing fuel for heating purposes. For this purpose I cause the
products of combustion from an ordinary fire to pass through or
amongst and between fragments or pieces of semi or partially con
bustible matter, placed according to my Invention in a suitable
receptacle so arranged in relation to the main grate or fire-place, the
inlet to the chimney and the opening into the room or apartment to be
warmed as that the draught or currents of air flowing towards the
chimney shall carry the products of combustion from the main fire-place
to, and cause the same to pass through or amongst and between the
fragments or pieces of semi or partially combustible matter in such
:

page_text: manner as to cause the same to become heated and incandescent to
absorb and consume the flame and smoke from the original fire, and to
radiate into the room or apartment a considerable quantity of heat,
which in fire-places constructed and used in the ordinary way would
pass away unutilized.
In carrying out my Invention I use a combination of two grates or
fire-places, namely, an outer and lower or main fire-place in which an
ordinary coal or other fire is maintained, and an inner and higher or
supplementary grate or fire-place charged with semi-combustible matter,
preferring fragments of iron or other metal, together with a backing of
chalk, limestone, or other similar substance. The front portion of the
supplementary or upper grate or fire-place is somewhat to the rear of
the front of the lower or main fire-place, and the opening or openings
into the chimney is or are arranged above and to the rear of the upper
or supplementary grate or fire-place, so that the fragments or pieces of
semi or partially combustible matter shall occupy an intermediate
position in the direct line or course of the draught between the lower or
main grate or fire-place and the chimney.
-
The amount of draught may be regulated in different ways; one way
is to construct the bars. on the principle of a Venetian blind, another
consists in the application of a sort of moveable gridiron behind the
bars, so arranged as to lessen the draught at pleasure, but other
arrangements may be used.
T
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOUNTING PAPERS, EITHRR PRINTED, ORNAMENTED, OR PLAIN, ON ZINC, IRON, TIN, AND OTHER METAL PLATES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bone Tucker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
May 1875.
I, JOHN BONE TUCKER, of No. 46, Ludgate Hill, in the City of
London, Lithographer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOUNTING PAPERS, EITHRR PRINTED, ORNAMENTED, OR
PLAIN, ON ZINC, IRON, TIN, AND OTHER METAL PLATES," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the mounting of advertisement sheets,
placards, or posters, show cards, and tickets, school lesson sheets,
public notices, maps, plans, photographs, and other papers, printed
plain or ornamented on zinc, iron, tin, and other metal plates, in such a
manner that when so mounted such papers shall be weatherproof and
dirtproof, and shall bear washing without injury.
In mounting papers according to my said Invention I coat with size
both sides of the paper to be mounted and allow it to dry, I then take a
plate of iron, zinc, tin, or other metal, and coat it with a mixture of
copal varnish and lithographic varnish, and place the back of the coated
paper on the varnished face of the said plate and subject them to

page_text: pressure so as cause them to adhere firmly together, I then either allow
them to dry or stove them. When the paper thus affixed to the metal
plate has become dry and the varnish has become hard I coat the said
paper with any suitable varnish (by preference copal varnish) and I
finish by again stoving the said plate and paper.
My process is simpler and cheaper than the process of coating iron
plates for advertisements with vitreous enamel and the process known
as the French enamel process, and the sheets mounted according to my
said process are durable (not being liable to chip), washable, and
.flexible.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PISTONS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Tomlinson Bousfield at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 9th December 1875.-A communication from abroad by
Messrs. Leprince, Roy, and Company, of Vevey, Switzerland.
I, GEORGE TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Sutton, in the County of Surrey,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PISTONS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in pistons especially
applicable to machinery for compressing air and to pumps.
The piston is formed without packing rings, the ordinary packing
rings being replaced by the introduction of water into the interior of
the piston through a hollow rod, which passes from the back of the
piston to the exterior of the cylinder. The water introduced should be
at a pressure at least equal to the maximum pressure in the interior of
the cylinder in order that the water circulating in grooves around the
exterior of the piston may be in equilibrium with the pressure behind
the piston, and form a perfect hydraulic joint.
In air compressing machinery valves may be provided to allow of the
injection of water at each stroke to cool the ends of the cylinder.
A

page_text: constant cooling of the sides of the cylinder is also obtained by the
small constant escape of water, which is renewed at every stroke.
Also the friction caused by the usual packing rings or other ordinary
packing being done away with and the rubbing of the piston against the
sides of the cylinder being completely suppressed the piston may be 5
worked with less power and at greater speeds.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOBBIN NET OR TWIST LACE MACHINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Carver and George
Pigott at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 4th January 1875.
We, JAMES CARVER and GEORGE PIGOTT, both of the Town and
County of the Town of Nottingham, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOBBIN NET OR TWIST LACE
MACHINES," to be as follows:-
-
We construct one or more machines with the parts arrainged as
follows:-There are two end standards and one or more intermediate
brackets, the whole connected by suitable rails or tie bars. These
brackets and standards support or form bearings for one or more driving
shafts and suitable pulleys. Each shaft is provided near each end, and
intermediately when required, with a disk or wheel, each of which have
teeth on part of its circumference. Such toothed part alternately gears
into the teeth of one or the other of two wheels at the back and front of
the disk. Each of the wheels carry a crank pin, which operates a link
having its upper end connected to and operating a catch bar, which may
be of the usual construction, or may be formed of tubes of steel or other
metal.

page_text: Heretofore lace machines have been constructed singly, but by
arrainging two or more machines on one pair of standards the machines
stand firmer and can be driven at a greater speed, and will not require to
be bolted to the walls or ceiling, which is highly detrimental to both the
factory and machines.
A PEDOMOTIVE WHEELED HORSE OR PERAMBULATOR
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Ibbotson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
May 1875.
I, SAMUEL IBBOTSON, of Kirkman Place, Tottenham Court Road, in
the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
my said Invention for " A PEDOMOTIVE WHEELED HORSE OR PERAMBULATOR,”
to be as follows :-
My Invention relates to a wheeled seat or carriage, which is intended
more particularly for the use of children, and to be worked by the feet
of the occupant, but which is also capable of being propelled and steered
by an attendant after the manner of an ordinary perambulator.
According to my Invention I fix on a suitable frame supported upon
four or any other suitable number of wheels a seat, by preference of the
shape of a horse, on which the person using the carriage is to be seated.
This frame carries on each side of the horse or other seat a standard
having pivotted in its upper end a rocking lever, one end of which is
made of a suitable form to receive the feet of the occupant or rider of
the carriage, whilst the opposite end is attached to one end of a chain or

page_text: cord, which passes round and is secured to a pulley fitted loosely on the
rear axle. Each of the rear wheels has formed on or attached to its
centre a ratchet wheel, with the teeth of which engages a pawl carried
by the pulley before mentioned in such a manner that the wheels of the
vehicle will be rotated by the pawl operating upon the teeth of the
ratchet wheel when the rider or occupant depresses the lever with his
foot, but that when the lever returns to its normal position, into which
it is drawn or impelled by an elastic cord or spring, the pawl will pass
over the teeth without acting thereon, so that an intermittent motion of
the rachet wheel and consequently of the vehicle in one direction is
obtained.
The steering is effected in the following manner :-Over the head of
the horse or in the front of the seat (when of any other form) there is
placed a crosshead mounted on the upper end of a vertical rod, which
extends down through the frame and is attached at its lower end to a
lever arm supported on a centre in the under side of the frame. To
this lever arm there is pivotted a longitudinal rod or bar, one end of
which is attached to the front axle of the carriage, so that the wheels
are moved in
any required direction by the act of the occupant or rider
turning the cross head, whereas the opposite end of such rod or bar is
connected to one end of another lever arm provided at its opposite end
with an aperture for the reception of a removable handle, which may be
employed when desired for the purpose of propelling and steering the
carriage by the hand of the attendant after the manner of an ordinary
perambulator.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FABRICS MADE ON THE LEVER'S LACE MACHINE
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Butler at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
January 1875.
I, THOMAS BUTLER, of the Town and County of the Town of
Nottingham, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FABRICS MADE ON THE LEVER'S LACE MACHINE," to be as
follows:-
I make lace on a Lever's lace machine of an entirely new description,
having an embossed appearance, the ornamental figures of which are
composed of what is known in the trade as bobbin fining or cloth work,
upon which surface I produce embossed spots, the pattern can be drafted
so as to place the spots where required, these spots stand up above the
bobbin fining and aro hollow, and present a perfectly clear appearance
and are made as follows:-Suppose for example I wish to produce a
four bobbin spot on the fining or cloth work, the threads are arranged as
follows: Each of the four bobbin threads have left twisted cotton or
yarn threads working round it, rising and falling, and three-right twisted
threads, one in the back of the reverso twisted thread, and two in the
-

page_text: front, as arranged by the bars in the machine; the back one may be
operated so as to run down the middle or any other gate under the spot,
the two front ones rise and fall over the bobbin threads three or four
gates each, the four left twisted threads and the two front right twisted
threads are weighted with springs and are operated by the jacquard, and
are lifted off when spotting, the clawker of the work beam is lifted off at
the same time, the other threads standing still, the above described
threads working in conjunction with the bobbin threads are supplied
from the warp beams.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS OR TAPS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lewis Dubois at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th August 1875.
I, JOHN LEWIS DUBOIS, of Lillieshall Road, Clapham, in the County
of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS OR TAPS," to be as follows:-
The improvements have reference to that class of cocks or taps in
which valves are used, and the object of the Invention is to secure
increased efficiency in use.
The passage for the flow of the fluid is closed by a valve applied to or
formed on a spindle working in a cylinder or chamber the upper part of
which passes through a flexible diaphragm, the edge or circumference
of which is secured by the securing of the dome or cover to such
diaphragm and other parts of the valve. To this upper part of the
spindle of the valve is also applied a disc or arms to act as guides. to
that part of the spindle in the opening and closing of the valve.
The spindle of the valve is acted upon for this opening by a scroll
formed cam turning upon a fixed axis, and operated by a lever arm,

page_text: mitre, or other tooth gear, or other suitable means. I form this scroll so
that the shortest radius of such scroll is greater than the increase thereof
for the motion to be obtained, and in place of acting by such scroll
directly on the upper part of the spindle of the valve I apply thereto a
rocking piece, the surface of which acted upon by the scroll is extended
and of form corresponding with that of the scroll, so as to obtain
sufficient holding for readily retaining the valve at any extent of partial
opening, or I form the upper end of the spindle or the guides thereof
acted upon by the scroll of corresponding shape and extent of surface, or
with rollers thereto of like correspondence.
The valves may be acted' upon to close with or against the flow of the
fluid, and a spring may be employed if desired to aid the closing.
A SUBSTITUTE FOR BUTTONS AND LIKE FASTENINGS FOR GARMENTS MADE OF LEATHER OR OTHER SUITABLE MATERIAL
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lawton Haddan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th August 1875.
I, JOHN LAWTON HADDAN, of No. 25, Great George Street, West-
minster, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "A SUBSTITUTE FOR BUTTONS AND LIKE FASTENINGS
FOR GARMENTS MADE OF LEATHER OR OTHER SUITABLE MATERIAL," to be as
follows:-
:-
My Invention relates to means of fastening leathern garments such as
gloves, leggings, boots, or shoes, or garments of other suitable material,
without sewing thereon buttons or providing studs, hooks, or laces.
I effect this in the following manner :-At the place where a button
or like fastening is desired I mould the leather or material of the
garment by pressing it with a punch into a matrix so as to make it
present a hollow projection. Into the cavity of this projection I insert
a ball or disc of any stiff material such as metal, wood, bone, horn,
earthenware, glass, or the like, and then I tie or choke the neck of the
projection so that the ball or disc cannot get out, and I thus form a

page_text: substitute for a button or a button the covering of which is of one
piece with the material of the garment. In many cases the inner
packing of the fastening so formed may be dispensed with, the mere
choking of the neck of the projection being sufficient to make the outer
end bulge enough to serve as a fastening. Or the cavity may have a
soft packing such as wool, cotton, shreds of paper or of any fabric,
indeed any substance introduced in sufficient quantity to make the head
of the projection bulge out to a larger size than the neck thereof.
Furthermore when considerable strength of fastening is required the ball
or disc may be made with a shank within the choked neck terminating
with a foot that spreads partly over the inner surface of the garment.
Fastenings may be formed in this manner on strips of leather or other
suitable material, which strips may be attached to garments as desired.
AN IMPROVED ENVELOPE FOR LETTERS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Primrose Howard
Vaughan at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 1st June 1875.-A communication from abroad by
Daniel Goncér, residing at Paris, in the Republic of France.
I, EDWARD PRIMEROSE HOWARD VAUGHAN, F.C.S., of 67, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED ENVELOPE FOR LETTERS,"
being a communication to me from abroad by Daniel Goncér, residing
at Paris, in the Republic of France, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of.
envelopes for letters, by means of which a continuous surface is afforded
on the backs thereof for advertisements or other inscriptions, whilst the
joints of the envelopes are effectually secured. For these purposes the
upper flap of the envelope is extended over the back of the same to
within a short distance of each edge, and a cotton, linen, silk, or other
suitable thread is set inside the top fold, and therein secured throughout

page_text: its length, one end being cut off within the envelope, whilst the other
end is left slightly projecting beyond the opposite corner, and thus serves
on being pulled to cut open the fold without tearing the rest of the
paper on which the advertisements or other inscriptions have been
placed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHIMNEY POTS OR Tors
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Hooper at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
March 1875.
I, ALFRED HOOPER, of the Firm of Hooper and Son, of Portsmouth, in
the County of Hants, Brass Founders, and Finishers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHIMNEY POTS OR
Tors," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in chimney pots or
tops, and has for its object the prevention of smoky chimneys, and the
improved chimney pot or top I propose to call "the counterbalance or
nonpariel chimney pot."
The principal features of my Invention consist in the construction
and application of a balanced top to, and of draught tubes around the
circumference of an otherwise ordinary metallic (or other) chimney pot
or top.
The balanced top is constructed as a cover to fit on or over the top of the
pot, and the said draught tubes, and it is made with a series of openings
corresponding in size and arrangement with the said draught tubes, and

page_text: with a wing to catch and deflect the wind downwards, it is swung upon
hinges (fixed at the top of the tubes or pot) and is counterbalanced by a
weight slightly heavier than itself.
In the body of the pot are cut a number of longitudinal slots or other
openings, and these are covered by the said draught tubes, which may be
soldered or otherwise suitably secured to the pot.
That part of the ordinary pot to which this combination is applied is
fitted as usual in such cases so as to allow of its revolving, and it is
provided with a weather wing which keeps the wing of the balanced top
always opposite the wind.
The action and effect of this combination are as follows:-In light
winds the balanced top is by its balance weight kept open, so as to
allow the smoke free egress from the top of the chimney pot, but upon
a heavy gust which would necessarily otherwise cause a down draught,
the wind catches the wing of the balance top and shuts it down upon
and closes the top of the chimney pot, the said wing and holes deflecting
and directing the wind down the said draught tubes and carrying the
smoke issuing thereinto from the slots or openings in the body of the top
away therefrom to the air.
In the event of an up draught prevailing the smoke is carried thereby
un the tubes through the cover and away over the wing of the balanced
AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF BUSTLE OR LADIES' DRESS IMPROVER
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Badcock at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
January 1875.
I, James BadCOCK, of the Firm James Badcock and Son, of West-
moreland Buildings, Aldersgate Street, in the City of London,
Wholesale Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF BUSTLE OR LADIES' DRESS
IMPROVER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved manufacture of bustle or ladies'
dress improver, and consists in forming the article of metal wire with
helical coils at intervals to form the joints upon which the folds or
contractions can take place when pressure is applied, and by which the
article can be caused to return to its original shape when the pressure is
removed.
The edge frame is composed of a strip of wire bent into the required
shape, and with curls or loops at intervals to which the ends of other -
wires are attached by loops or by soldering. The latter wires are formed
near the ends with helical coils, through the hollows of which other wires

page_text: as tie pieces are rove, and also with helical coils where the article bellies
or is rounded to obtain the desired contour or shape. These last mentioned
coils have cords or threads attached, and these lead to separate coils and
preserve the distances apart of the respective wires which act as ribs.
In most cases the centres of the rounded portions of the rib wires are
coiled, and these have a tie wire rove through them, and also a cord. One
end of the tie wire is attached to a coiled terminal, so that the original
shape of the article is caused to return when the pressure is removed
and to be retained until a fresh pressure is applied.
The main feature of my Invention is composing a bustle or dress 1
improver of wire in which the joints are formed by helical coils.
The article above mentioned is in this condition in skeleton form,
and has to be covered or partly so by the usual chintz or covering
fabric.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TURNING-OVER THE LEAVES OF MUSIC
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the Reverend John Gilmore at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 2nd February 1875.
I, the Reverend JOHN GILMORE, Rector of Holy Trinity Church,
Ramsgate; in the County of Kent, do hereby declare the nature of my
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TURNING-OVER THE
LEAVES OF MUSIC," to be as follows :—
This Invention relates to means for effecting the turning-over the
leaves of music by the player, the special object to be attained being the
enabling the performer to turn-over the leaves without removing his or
her hands from the keyboard of the instrument.
The Invention consists of an apparatus composed of rods, one end of
cach of these rods moving the sheets as required, the rods being operated
by springs which are freed by touching projections in connection with
them immediately over the keyboard.
In place of using springs, the rods may be moved to the right or left
as required by a slide or sliding lever, the ends of which may be readily
operated by the hand of the performer.

page_text: The apparatus is portable, and can be readily adjusted to any piano or
keyboard instrument, or it may be permanently fitted to the instrument
in place of the present music stand.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINED ENGINES AND Pumps
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick William Crohn and
John Charles Raymond Okes at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 4th October 1875.
We, FREDERICK WILLIAM CROHN, of 10, Hammers Terrace, Green-
wich, in the County of Kent, and JOHN CHARLES RAYMOND OKES, of
112, Maida Vale, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINED ENGINES AND
Pumps," to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention has for its object to construct a direct-acting steam
pump which can be safely worked at a high speed.
In direct-acting steam pumps as now usually constructed, if the
pumps are worked at a high speed, there is considerable concussion at
each end of the stroke of the pump piston, as the direction of the flow of
the water in the pump cylinder has then to bo reversed.
According to this Invention we combine a steam engine with a double
barrelled pump, in which the buckets working in the two barrels travel
together simultaneously, and in which the water is drawn in at the end

page_text: of one pump barrel and expelled from the same end of the other barrel,
the opposite ends of the pump barrels being in communication with ono
another, so that the water or other fluid may always flow continuously
in the same direction through both pump barrels, both on the in and
out stroke of the pump rods. The two rods of the pump are at their
ends connected to a cross head, to which is also connected the piston rod
of the steam engine cylinder.
The cross head may if desired have a slot formed in it to receive the
crank pin of a crank shaft having a fly wheel upon it, and also an
eccentric for working the slide valve of the steam cylinder; or this shaft
with its fly wheel and eccentric may be omitted, and other ordinary
means for working the valve or valves of the steam engine cylinder be
adopted. The pump barrels and the steam engine cylinder are mounted
at the opposite ends of one bed plate.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO ROTARY GRINDING APPARATUS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Ashley Wilson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th April 1875.
I, GEORGE ASHLEY WILSON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “Im-
PROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO ROTARY GRINDING APPARATUS," to be as
follows:-
The object of the said Invention is to prevent breakage and flying of
cross and other grinding stones and wheels when running at high
speeds.
In carrying my Invention into practice, I form the said stones or
wheels convex in cross section, that is to say, the said stones or wheels
increase in thickness from the periphery to the centre, and provide the
carrying spindle with concave or hollow securing plates held up firmly
against the sides of the said stones or wheels by screwing, or in any
convenient manner.
When the plates and stone or wheel are in position, almost the whole

page_text: portion however projects for grinding purposes. As the stone or wheel
wears the large plates are removed and smaller ones substituted, or the
plates may be built up of rings or segments which can be removed from
time to time.
It will be obvious that as the cross section of the stone or wheel con-
tained between tho plates is greater than the cross section of the pro-
truding portion, the centrifugal force ordinarily acting to cause breakage
of such stone or wheel will be taken up by the plates.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ACTION FOR HOLDING OR RELEASING CORDS, ROPES, AND BANDS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Jewsbury, of the Parade, Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ACTION FOR HOLDING OR RELEASING CORDS, ROPES, AND
BANDS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Jewsbury
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 5th March 1875.
I, RICHARD JEWSBURY, of the Parade, Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ACTION FOR HOLDING OR RELEASING CORDS,
ROPES, AND BANDS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of arrangements or combination of parts made
in iron, brass, or other metals for the secure fastening of cords, ropes,
or bands, and especially for holding or releasing the cords of Venetian
blinds.

page_text: It consists of a frame with partition or partitions, according to the
number of cord or cords required to be used, to pass through, and a
catch or catches which fit and work, between which catch or catches
and frame a wire or pin passes through a hole to allow the catch or
catches to drop, whereby the catch or catches drop in a frame and bind
the cords or cords, rope or ropes, or band or bands. On the top of the
catch or catches are loops fixed to allow a wire or pin to pass through,
which is attached to a leaver to lift them up when the weight or blind is
required to be raised or lowered. The said leaver is weighted behind the
pin on which it works, and which pin or wire goes through leaver frame
and catch or catches and is pinned or rivetted all together. There is
also a hole on the end of the leaver to which a line or cord is attached to
pull the leaver when the weight or blind is required to be fastened.
Although I have found the mechanical arrangements of parts herein-
before described to answer well, yet I do not limit myself thereto, as
other equivalent mechanical arrangements may be used without altering
the principle of the action.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said Richard Jewsbury in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 4th September 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
JEWSBURY, of the Parade, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
cighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Richard Jewsbury, Her special licenco
that I, the said Richard Jewsbury, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Richard Jewsbury, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
IMPROVEMENTS IN PLANING MACHINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gustav Adolph Onken and
Wilhelm Ritter at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 14th August 1875.
We, GUSTAV ADOLPH ОNKEN and WILHELM RITTER, of No. 6, Kajen,
in the City of Hamburg, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN PLANING MACHINES," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to plane very thin and short boards.
The description of our Invention will be best understood by reference
to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in which Figure 1 represents a
front elevation in section of our machine; Figure 2 is a side elevation in
section; and Figure 3 a side view of the upper part of the machine;
Figure 4 represents a modification of our Invention.
A, A, is a cast-iron frame, on the top of which the two brackets B, B,
are fixed. There are three bearings in each of these brackets, the middle
one holding the planing head C, and those at the sides the pressure
rollers D, E, which can be pressed down more or less by means of the

page_text: screws 0, 0¹.
Between the sides of the frames the axle G rests in
bearings, and can be turned either way by the hand wheel H. By
means of the conical wheels a, b, and a¹, 61, and the screws c, c², the
plate I, which is guided between the framework, can be lifted or lowered
vertically by turning the wheel H, thus shortening or enlarging the
distance between the plate I, and the planing head, according to the
intended thickness of the boards. In vertical direction under the
pressure rollers D* and E* there are two corresponding rollers D¹ and E¹
guided in bearings which are fastened to the plate I. The top of these
rollers is level with the plate I. To be able to plane exactly even the
shortest piece of board further pressure and guiding apparatus are con-
structed within the upper pressure rollers as close to the planing head C
as possible. On the feed side of the machine these consist of a row of
plates e, e, independent of each other, and each having upwards a
projection upon which a spring works, which presses it down on the
board as it passes through the machine. On the other side of the planing
head C this pressure apparatus consists of only one bar i of the same length
as the head C, and is pressed down by springs. On the feed side the
pressure apparatus consists of a row of plates, because the unplaned
board, which may have a very uneven surface, is kept down safer by a
row of small plates than by a bar made of one piece. After the board
has been planed the one bar i is sufficient for the intended purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR RAISING SUNKEN VESSELS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edgar Bradshaw at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
October 1875.
I, EDGAR BRADSHAW, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR RAISING SUNKEN VESSELS,”
to be as follows :—
This Invention consists primarily of a double vessel or retort, the inner
one containing sulphuric acid, closed when not required to be used by a
valve and cock, and the outer vessol containing water and zinc.
The object of the Invention is to fill a bag or bags with hydrogen gas
from the apparatus before-mentioned, which bag or bags being placed
in a compartment or compartments of a submerged vessel shall displace
the water as it or they fill with gas and make the vessel buoyant.
To carry out this purpose the double vessel having as before stated one
compartment containing sulphuric acid and the other water and zinc is
lowered to the deck or other convenient part of the vessel. The empty
bag or bags being connected by pipes and stop cocks with the outer

page_text: portion of the retort are then placed in the compartment of the vessel
from which the water is desired to be expelled, and the valve closing the
inner chamber containing the sulphuric acid being opened the acid
descends by its own gravity into the water and zinc in the chamber
beneath causing hydrogen gas to be evolved, which passes up between
the outer side of the inner chamber and inner side of the outer one, and
passes through a tube or tubes into the air chambers or bags, so inflating
them with gas, and displacing the water, and making the vessel buoyant.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DOUBLE-BARRELLED GUNS AND RIFLES TO FACILITATE AIMING THEREWITH
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Moncrieff, Lionel
Gye, and Lynedoch Needham Moncrieff at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 20th April
1875.
WC, ALEXANDER MONCRIEFF, of the Atheneum Club, Pall Mall;
LIONEL GYE, of 3, Collingham Place, South Kensington; and LYNEDOCH
NEEDHAM MONCRIEFF, of 24, St. James' Street, all in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DOUBLE-BARRELLED GUNS AND RIFLES TO FACILITATE AIMING
THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in double-barrelled
guns and rifles to facilitate aiming therewith. For this purpose we
place across the barrels at any convenient distance from their breech
ends a horizontal fence or bar, filling up the hollows between the barrels
and central web to the level of the top of the barrels, or to any desired
height above them, so that in taking aim in place of sighting along the
barrels and central web the sight is taken over the edge of the fence or
bar, which cuts off the sight of the barrels from the eye. A similar
bar or fence is also by preference placed across the barrels near to the

page_text: muzzle. The sights themselves may either be marked upon or fixed to
these bars or fences, or may be separate therefrom. By thus cutting off
the sight of the barrels by horizontal bars or fences placed across them
aim can be taken much more quickly and accurately than when the
barrels and central web are exposed to view. The back bar or fence we
place by preference from 8 to 12 inches from the breech end of the
barrels, whilst the front bar or fence may be near to the muzzle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HAYMAKING MACHINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Salter at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
May 1875.
I, WILLIAM SALTER, of Culmstock, in the County of Devon, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HAYMAKING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
1
This Invention relates to an improved construction of haymaking
machine, the objects desired to be attained being a more efficient and
compact machine than hitherto, together with greater facilities in
working the machine and in preserving the working parts while
travelling about from place to place.
The Invention consists in constructing the machine with four flys
carrying the tines or rake heads mounted on two separate fly bars or shafts,
cach bar or shaft being driven independently of the other by spur gearing
fixed to each travelling wheel of the machine, and there is a catch box
and pinion on each fly bar or shaft. Two of the flys are arranged to work
inside or between the wheels, and one projecting laterally on the outer

page_text: side of each wheel, whereby a much wider space of hay can be operated
on than by other machines.
The flys work on a leverage principle or arrangement, the lever or
levers having the main axle of the machine for a fulcrum with adjustable
weights attached in front, by which means the flys are rendered self
lifting when the machine is crossing gutters or on uneven ground.
By this machine the hay will be turned over behind the travelling
wheels, thus preventing the hay from being pressed down after it has
been turned over or tedded, and by it a width of hay of at least nine feet
can be cleared or tedded.
When the machine is out of use and is required to travel on the roads
or lanes or into narrow gateways, the flys carrying the tines or forks
outside the wheels can be immediately detached from the fly bars or
shafts, and the bars or shafts pushed in towards the centre of the
machine.
Machines on this improved construction can be made of any required
width and size, and with either three, four, or more sets of tines or rake
heads in the flys.
AN IMPROVED 'STEEL' FOR STRIKING FIRE IN ORDER TO LIGHT PIPES, CIGARS, AND CIGARETTES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Georges Gros at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
December 1875.
I, GEORGES GROS, of Boulevard Saint Denis, No. 1. at Paris, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
'STEEL' FOR STRIKING FIRE IN ORDER TO LIGHT PIPES, CIGARS, AND CIGARETTES,”
to be as follows:-
My improved "steel" or device for producing a light for -pipes,
cigars, or cigarettes, is composed of a tubular body to which the steel.
proper or metal for striking the light is directly jointed. The tubular
body, which may be of metal or of other suitable material, is hermetically
closed at one end by a cap, having a lateral projection which forms the
joint for the steel proper; the other or lower end of the tube is open to
receive the end of the tinder which is in the form of a cord or rope.
The steel is provided at its lower part with a spur or claw which passes
through an opening in the tube so as to seize and securely hold the
tinder; this action is assured by a coiled or other spring which has its
bearing upon the cap of the tube, and acts against a tail or prolongation

page_text: of the steel so as to force the spur into the tube; or an india-rubber ring
may be substituted for the spring.
In order to release the tinder from the tube the steel is pushed
outwards by the finger so as to withdraw the spur. The flint or stone
is attached to the other end of the tinder by means of a nipper which is
passed through a hole in the flint, and has two arms terminating in
points which enter the tinder near the end, and are afterwards covered
and kept closed by a ring or collar. The lighting of the tinder is
effected by striking the flint with the steel while the free end of the
tinder is held near the point of contact. The extinguishing of the
tinder is produced instantaneously by pushing it up the tube where it
will be held by the spur.