Improvements in Crushing Mills.
Year: 1899

page_text: Improvements in Crushing Mills.
We, ROBERT ABBOTT HADFIELD, of The Grove, Endcliffe Vale Road, Sheffield,
in the County of York, England, Steel Manufacturer, and ALEXANDER GEORGE
MACKENZIE JACK, of Fir Vale House, Sheffield, Steel Works Manager, aforesaid,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to crushing mills of the class generally known as
gyratory crushing mills. In such mills which have been variously constructed,
the substances to be broken or crushed are passed through an annular chamber
or space which is usually formed by and between a crusher head whose general
configuration is conical and to which a gyratory motion is given and a surround-
ing cylindrical or other ring or wall, the crushing being effected between the head
and the ring or wall by the gyratory motion of the head causing it to approachi
and recede from every part of the ring in succession.
"
Usually in apparatus of this kind the head has been mounted upon an approxi-
mately upright shaft, the upper end of which has been held laterally in a skeleton
cover or spider secured upon the ring, whilst its lower portion has passed
through a bearing formed eccentrically through the boss of a rotating wheel, the
arrangement being such as to impart to the shaft a gyratory motion. The lower
end of the shaft has been supported by an adjustable block taking the weight of
the shaft and head and also the downward thrust caused by the crushing opera-
tion. Or sometimes the shaft has been suspended from its upper end for instance
by an external collar with suitable bearing surface.
With apparatus thus constructed it is found that owing to the friction between
the shaft end and its support and also between the shaft and its eccentric bearing
ravid wear is caused and consequently frequent repairs are necessary.
Now according to this invention, the shaft carrying the crusher head is a
hollow shaft and is supported at or near its upper end by means of an upright
pillar that extends from the lower part of the mill upward within the hollow
shaft. According to one construction the hollow shaft is closed at its unper end
and is there formed or provided with an internal surface or bearing that rests
upon the top of an upright pillar whose lower end is or may be fitted in a socket
formed in the base-plate of the apparatus. Means, such for example, as a
skeleton can or spider near the top of the shaft are provided to afford lateral
support. The pillar may be made adiustable vertically to enable wear of the
crusher head to be taken up. About the lower portion of the pillar and resting
unon the baseplate is mounted a bevel wheel having a boss which is eccentric to
the axis about which the wheel rotates and is formed with parallel sides that are
slightly inclined to the vertical; the eccentric boss extends unwardly within the
hollow, shaft and its rotation causes the lower end of the shaft to travel in a
circular path and thus imparts the necessary gyratory motion to the shaft and
its crusher head. Between the eccentric boss and the internal surface of the
hollow shaft there is preferably interposed a ring of antifriction. rollers carried

page_text: in a suitable cage or frame. In order to prevent dust getting into the hollow
shaft the upper surface of the bevel wheel may be faced and a ring of metal.
leather or other suitable material arranged so as to loosely fit the lower end of
the hollow shaft and to rest upon the faced portion of the wheel. The hollow
shaft extends through a central flanged aperture in an inclined diaphragm which,
as usual, divides the tubular frame of the apparatus, the said aperture being
closed by a ring fitting the hollow shaft and resting on the flange of the aperture.
The upper part of the frame forms the crushing chamber and the diaphragm:
serves as a discharge shoot, whilst the lower part of the frame contains the bevel
wheel with the eccentric boss. Between the bevel wheel and the upright pillar
a gun metal bush may be provided and a gun metal ring may also be introduced
between the baseplate and the bevel wheel, which ring may be replaced by one
of different thickness should the vertical position of the wheel require
adiustment.
To enable the pillar and consequently the crusher head to be adjusted verti-
cally the lower end of the pillar may be screw-threaded and arranged to extend
through the baseplate. where it may be fitted with a nut supported in a bracket
attached to the baseplate: the pillar is prevented from turning within its socket
by means of a screw projecting into a key-way so that by rotating the nut, which
may conveniently be formed as in worm-wheel and driven by a worm, the pillar
may be raised or lowered as required.
For the purpose of facilitating the proper lubrication of the antifriction rollers
and the gun-metal bush between the eccentric-boss-and the pillar, the lower por-
tion of the pillar may be made hollow and fitted with a couple of pipes leading
from one or more-oil-reservoirs-mounted_at_a suitable height on the frame. of
the apparatus: the said pipes having branches extending-through-lateral-openings
in the wall of the villar to just above the rollers and bush respectively.
The bearing at the top of the pillar will require but little lubrication as it will
he well protected from dust but the bearing fitted to the upper end of the hollow
"shaft may be formed with a passage leading from an external grease cup that is
closed by a screw plug and is formed in the end of the shaft.
Crushing apparatus in which, according to this invention, the crushing head
is carried by a hollow shaft which rests upon and is supported at or near its
upper end by an upright pillar, gyratory motion being imparted to the said
hollow shaft, may be constructed in various forms.
Dated this 23rd day of February 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Crushing Mills.
We, ROBERT ABBOTT HADFIELD, of The Grove, Endcliffe Vale Road, Sheffield,
in the County of York, England, Steel Manufacturer, and ALEXANDER GEORGE
MACKENZIE JACK, of Fir Vale House, Sheffield aforesaid, Steel Works Manager,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the follow-
ing statement:-
:
This invention has reference to crushing mills of the class generally known as
gyratory crushing mills. In such mills, which have been variously constructed,
the substances to be broken or crushed are passed through an annular chamber
or space which is usually formed by and between a crushing head whose general

page_text: configuration is conical and to which a gyratory motion is given and a surround-
ing cylindrical er other ring or wall, the crushing being effected between the head
and the ring or wall by the gyratory motion of the head causing it to approach
and recede from every part of the ring in succession.
Usually in apparatus of this kind the head has been mounted upon an approxi-
mately upright shaft, the upper end of which has been held laterally in a skeleton
cover or "spider" secured upon the ring, whilst its lower portion has passed
through a bearing formed eccentrically through the boss of a rotating wheel, the
arrangement being such as to impart to the shaft a gyratory motion. The lower
end of the shaft has been supported by an adjustable block taking the weight of
the shaft and head and also the downward thrust caused by the crushing opera-
tion. Or sometimes the shaft has been suspended from its upper end for instance
by an external collar with suitable bearing surface.
With apparatus thus constructed it is found that owing to the friction between
the shaft end and its support and also between the shaft and its eccentric bearing
rapid wear is caused and consequently frequent repairs are necessary.
Referring to the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings is a central vertical section of a crushing
mill constructed according to this invention; and Fig. 2 is a sectional detail
view on the line A A Fig. 1.
is the crushing head, the surrounding ring or wall and the skeleton
cover or spider.
The crushing head a is according to this invention carried by a hollow shaft d
which is supported at or near its upper end by means of an upright pillar & that
extends from the lower part of the mill upward within the hollow shaft.
The hollow shaft (which may advantageously be cast in steel preferring
mild steel) is closed at its upper end and is there formed or provided with an
internal surface or bearing f that rests upon the top of the upright pillar e whose
lower end is or may be fitted in a socket formed in a base-plate, which is bolted
to the main frame of the machine, as shown. The upright pillar e carries the
weight of the shaft and crushing head and takes the downward thrust due
to the crushing operation; the skeleton cover or spider e laterally supports the
top of the shaft d.
About the lower portion of the pillar e and resting in a box or support scoured
to the underside of the base-plate is mounted a bevel wheel having a boss h
which is eccentric to the axis about which the wheel rotates and is formed with
parallel sides that are slightly inclined to the vertical: the eccentric boss h
extends upwardly within the hollow shaft d and its rotation causes the lower
end of the said shaft to travel in a circular path and thus imparts the necessary
gyratory motion to the shaft and its crushing head. Between the eccentric
boss and the internal surface of the hollow shaft 7 there is preferably interposed
a ring of anti-friction rollers carried in a suitable cage or frame the lower part
of which rests freely upon a shoulder formed around the eccentric boss.
In some cases it may be found convenient to dispense with the antifriction
rollers in which case the hollow shaft d may be driven by the eccentric boss h,
in which case a ring or sleeve of suitable material such as gun-metal or brass
may be interposed between the boss and the hollow shaft d.
In order to prevent dust getting to the bearing surfaces within the hollow shaft,
the upper surface of the bevel wheel may be faced and a ring j of metal.
leather or other suitable material so arranged as to loosely fit the lower end of
the hollow shaft and to rest upon the faced portion of the wheel. The hollow
shaft extends through a central flanged aperture in an inclined diaphragm 7,
which, as usual, divides the tubular frame m of the apparatus, the said aperture
being closed by a ring » fitting the hollow shaft and resting on the flange of the
aperture. The upper part of the frame forms the crushing chamber and the
diaphragm serves as a discharge shoot, whilst the lower part of the frame con-
|tains the bevel wheel g which is driven by means of a bevel pinion from a belt

page_text: pulley, as well understood. Between the bevel wheel and the upright pillar e
a gun metal bush o may be provided and a gun. metal ring p may also be intro-
duced Letween the base-plate and the bevel wheel g, which ring may be replaced
by one of different thickness should the vertical position of the wheel y require
adjustment.
To enable the pillar e and consequently the crushing head a to be adjusted ver-
tically, the lower end of the pillar may be screw-threaded and arranged to extend
through the base-plate as shown, where it may be fitted with a nut 7 supported
in a bracket attached to the base-plate; the pillar is prevented from turning
within its socket by means of a screw projecting into a key-way so that by
rotating the nut q, which may conveniently be formed as a worm wheel and
driven by a worm, the pillar may be raised or lowered as required. By this
means wear of the crushing head a and ring b may be taken up or the degree of
fineness of the crushed material regulated.
For the purpose of facilitating the proper lubrication of the anti-friction
rollers and the gun-metal bush o, the lower portion of the pillar may be made
hollow and fitted with a couple of pipes s, s leading from one or more oil reser-
voirs (not shown) mounted at a suitable height on the frame of the apparatus;
the said pipes having branches t,t extending through lateral openings in the wall
of the pillar e to just above the rollers and bush respectively.
The bearing will require but little lubrication as it will be well protected
from dust but it may be formed with a passage » leading from an external grease
cup that is formed therein and is closed by a screw plug .
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
ire claim is :-
--
1. A crushing mill of the kind referred to in which the crushing head is carried
by a hollow shaft that rests upon and is supported internally at or near its upper
end by an upright pillar, the necessary gyratory motion being imparted to it by a
rotary eccentric mounted upon said pillar and extending upwardly within the
lower part of the hollow shaft substantially as described.
2. A crushing mill of the kind specified in Claim 1 wherein there is interposed
between the eccentric boss of the driving wheel and the hollow shaft, a ring of
anti-friction rollers, to which dust prevented from gaining access by means
of a ring which loosely fits the lower end of the hollow shaft and rests upon the
face of the driving wheel around its boss, substantially as described.
3. A crushing mill of the kind referred to in which the crushing head is
carried by a hollow shaft that rests freely upon and is supported in the manner
described by but can gyrate in relation to an upright pillar which carries the
weight of the hollow shaft and crushing head and takes the downward thrust due
to the crushing operation, suitable means being provided for imparting to the
crushing head so supported the necessary gyratory motion.
4. Crushing mills constructed, arranged and operating substantially as
described with reference to and shown in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 2nd day of November 1899.
ited this 2nd day of November 1899.
For the Applicants,
W. LLOYD WISE,´
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agent.