An Improved Method of and Apparatus for Counteracting, Deflecting, and Distributing Gases and Flames in Chemical Works, Furnaces, or the like.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Feb., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 7th Nov., 1895-Accepted, 25th Jan., 1896
An Improved Method of and Apparatus for Counteracting, Deflecting,
and Distributing Gases and Flames in Chemical Works, Furnaces,
or the like.
I, FRIEDRICH ERNST GÄTCKE, of 15 Marktstrasse, Altona-Bahrenfeld, in the
Empire of Germany, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
My invention relates to a method of and apparatus for counteracting, deflecting
and distributing the gases and flames occurring in chemical laboratories, furnaces
or technical works with the aid of currents of air, gases or steam.
In many cases it is desirable to change the natural direction of currents of hot
or deleterious gases or flames in such a manner that living beings may stay within
or in proximity to a room thus protected or freed from gases or flames, or that
the gases in the room are suitably distributed. For instance in melting furnaces of
glass works, foundries, or the like and also in other furnaces, a very great heat is
developed which is exceedingly troublesome and even dangerous for the workmen
who have to pass tools into the interior of such furnaces or have to carry on
operations therein.
According to my said invention I obviate the aforesaid defect by conducting
currents of air, gas or steam on to the gases or flames to be influenced, in such a
manner that the latter are either kept back at a definite place or deflected from
the natural direction or distributed; in the two former cases the room which the
gases or flames would otherwise enter is kept free from the same.
This improved method may be carried out in connection with furnaces by
arranging at suitable places of the furnaces, for instance by the side of the openings
in their heating chamber, perforated or slit pipes or channels through which air,
gas or steam is conducted into the natural path of the gases or flames to be
rendered uninjurious. The movement of the air, gas or steam may take place
either by pressure or by suction. In the particular case of the before-mentioned
example the air, gas or steam is then distributed in front of the openings for the
exit of the furnace beat, and not only keeps the latter back to a great extent but
also prevents the flames shooting from the furnace, so that persons standing in
front of the furnace have to suffer much less than otherwise from radiating heat.
In conjunction with or instead of the use of currents of air, gas or steam con-
stituting a screen outside a heating chamber or a chamber wherein deleterious
gases are developed, air, gas or steam may also be introduced into the interior of
a heating chamber, so as not only to prevent as much as possible the passage of
hot and partially poisonous gases to the outside, but also to distribute the same
appropriately within the heating chamber and effect a regulation of the temperature
in the furnaces.
Of the before-described operations, that is to say the counteraction, deflection
and distribution of gases and flames by means of currents of air, gas or steam,
one may be used without the other or in conjunction with the other in applying
my improved method to a definite case.
According to the operations to be effected it will be necessary to construct the
mechanical devices for introducing the currents of air, gas or steam, particular
care having to be taken to ensure an effective conduction of such currents at the

page_text: points where they meet with the gases and flames to be influenced, in order that
the latter, instead of being influenced, may not on the contrary change the direction
of the currents of air, gas or steam introduced. It will therefore be expedient to
provide mechanical. and if necessary adjustable, conducting or deflecting surfaces
which ensure the desired direction of the currents of air, gas or steam.
Dated this 7th day of February 1895.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
An Improved Method of and Apparatus for Counteracting, Deflecting,
and Distributing Gases and Flames in Chemical Works, Furnaces,
or the like.
I, FRIEDRICH ERNST GÄTCKE, of 15 Marktstrasse, Altona-Bahrenfeld, in the
Empire of Germany, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to an improved method of and apparatus for counter-
acting, deflecting and distributing gases and flames in chemical works, furnaces or
the like.
In melting works, glass manufactories, chemical works and other industrial
plant the operators, as is well known, are greatly inconvenienced and their health
more or less endangered by the intense radiating heat, or the flame, or deleterious
gases issuing from such apparatus. This inconvenience will particularly occur
whenever a door or gate closing an opening in the said apparatus is opened for
any purpose, thereby allowing an outflow or outrush of gases, flame or radiated
heat.
My invention has for its object to prevent the outrush of gases, flames or heat
from an apparatus or room forming the source of such gases, flames or heat by
forming a screen or curtain in front of the said apparatus or across an opening of
the same by means of a fluid, such as steam air or gas, or by diverting the flow
of the gases or flame by means of such fluid protecting the operator or any person
being in the vicinity of the apparatus from the intense radiated heat or the outflow
or out-rush of flame or deleterious gases.
To this end the invention consists in a novel method of and in means for
attaining the objects of my invention, and at the same time to enable me to
regulate the temperature within a smelting furuace, or the like apparatus as will
now be fully described.
In the accompanying drawing I have shown by way of example only, how my
said apparatus may be carried into practice,
Figure 1 represents a longitudinal vertical section.
Figure 2 a horizontal section of any well known construction of glass furnace
provided with means for carrying out my invention, and
Figure 3 is a detail view.
The furnace is surrounded exteriorly by a pipe, flue or other suitable conduit a
arranged proximate to and in front of the lower edge of the furnace openings O,
at which points the conduit is provided with plurality of ports or nozzles a²
either circular or oblong, so as to cause a fluid, a gaseous fluid, air for instance, or
steam, supplied to the conduit under suitable pressure to issue in the form of jets
and form an intercepting screen in front of said opening which will prevent the
escape of radiated heat, flame, or gas.
The outrush of gases or flame from the openings O may also be prevented by
diverting the How thereof from the openings by means of a conduit a', Figure 1,

page_text: arranged above the openings O and having its outlets within the furnace and at
such an angle relatively to the openings O that the fluid issuing from the jet
nozzles a² will form an oblique shield or screen within the furnace, thereby
diverting the flow of gas, heat, or flame through such openings, and in certain
class of apparatus both devices may be employed conjointly. It is obvious that
by means of the conduit a' and jets or nozzles a' the temperature within the
furnace can be controlled within certain limits, particularly when cold air is
employed, while in other cases, where the introduction of steam into the apparatus
is of advantage or required, steam may be supplied to the said conduit.
Furthermore, by means of the pipe a¹, deleterious gases generated within a
closed chamber may be so admixed with another gas or gaseous body as to
counteract their deleterious influences, and they can be so distributed and acted
upon by the injected fluid as to force them to flow out of the apparatus, through.
some other channel provided for their escape, and in cases where heated gases are
to be kept in motion within a closed chamber the same can be accomplished
by means of the said pipe a¹, and such gases uniformly distributed within the
apparatus.
It will of course be understood that the arrangement of the jet device and its
construction will necessarily vary according to the nature or construction of the
apparatus in conjunction with which it is to operate, but in all cases care should
be taken to give the jets of fluid the proper direction so as to deflect or intercept,.
or deflect and intercept the flow of gases through an opening or openings in the
apparatus through which access is had thereto so that the said jets will form a
sufficiently compact screen, shield, or curtain through which neither gas, flame, nor
radiated heat can pass. In many cases it may not be found practicable to give.
the proper direction to the jets, and in this case I employ directing plates 1,.
Figure 3, so arranged relatively to the jet nozzles as to give the jets of fluid a
proper direction.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The mode of preventing the outrush of gas, flame or heat from an apparatus
or room or an uncovered opening in an apparatus or room forming the source of
such gas flame or heat, which consists in forming a screen or curtain in front of such
room or apparatus or across an uncovered opening thereof by means of a fluid, such.
as steam, air or gas, for the purpose set forth.
2. The mode of preventing the outrush of gas flame, or heat from an uncovered
opening in an apparatus such as described, which consists in forming a screen or
curtain across the inside of the opening by means of a fluid such as steam, air, or
gas, for the purpose set forth.
3. The mode of preventing the outrush of gas, flame, or heat from an uncovered
opening in an apparatus such as described, which consists in forming a screen or
curtain across both the inside and outside of the opening by means of a fluid as
steam, air, or gas, for the purpose set forth.
4. The combination in an apparatus such as described with the opening or
openings thereof, of a jet pipe adapted for the projection of jets of fluid vertically
across the outer face of the opening, for the purpose set forth.
5. In apparatus such as described, the combination with the opening or openings
thereof, of a jet pipe adapted for the projection of jets of fluid diagonally across
the inner face of the opening, for the purpose set forth.
Dated this 7th day of November 1895.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.