IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COOKING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederic Pelham Warren, of High Road, Lee
in the County of Kent, Commander in the Royal Navy, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COOKING AND OTHER
PURPOSES."
Sealed the 1st April 1869, and dated the 7th October 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederic Pelham
Warren at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 7th October 18 8.
1, FREDERIC PELHAM WARREN, of High Road, Lee, in the County of
Kent, Commander in the Royal Navy, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COOKING AND OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention, which has for its object improvements in apparatus
for cooking and other purposes, is designed to render such apparatus more
compact, efficient, and economical thau heretofore, and consists in a
novel combination and arrangement of boilers of peculiar form with ovens
and steam cooking or drying closets, the whole arranged to be heated by
Price 8d1

page_text: the products of combustion from one fire-place, which fire-place is
itself mainly formed by the boilers themselves, thus preventing the waste
of heat and loss of time which occur in cases where other parts, such as
cast-iron cheeks, are used to form the fire-place. Provision is made for
heating water in a separate tank or vessel when desired, by steam which
passes from one of the boilers through a coil of pipes in the tank or
vessel containing the water to be heated.
.
In constructing apparatus according to my Invention I employ a
casing having a grate or fire-place arranged to be used either as an open
roasting range or as a closed fire-place, and having an ash-pit or tray
below it and a small oven on each side. Above the small oven, on one
side, and at the back of the fire-place, are arranged three vertical boilers
of peculiar form, having curved or bevilled bottoms, and two of them are
provided with projecting parts or boots extending some distance over the
fire grate, so as to be subjected to the most intense heat of the fire, the
back boiler being arranged as a steam boiler, and provided with gauge
cocks, a pressure gauge, and a float for indicating the water level. At
the opposite side of the fire-grate I place a large oven, and I so arrange
the boilers and large oven within the casing of the apparatus as to form
separate flues from the fire-place, which are peculiarly disposed, so that
one set of flues leading from its upper part covers or envelopes the upper
parts of the boilers and large oven, thereby heating the same, and simul-
taneously carrying off the smoke from the upper part of the fire-place,
while a second set of flues leading from its lower part envelopes or
surrounds the bottoms and lower portions of the large oven and boilers
conducting to and heating them by the products of combustion from the
lower part of the fire-place. Between the backs of the boilers and
large oven and the backs of the steam cooking or drying closets a space
is left running the entire width of the apparatus, and having a vertical
central partition which divides it into two flues leading to the chimney,
which flues receive the products of combustion from their respective
sides of the fire-place after such products have passed through the flues
leading therefrom around the upper and lower portions of the boilers and
ovens. The flues are so arranged that one portion of the products of
combustion on leaving the fire-place passes beneath the side boilers
between their bottoms and the top of the small oven on that side, thence
some distance up the sides of these two boilers in a flue between them
and the casing of the apparatus. The products then proceed through an

page_text: opening in the upper portion of the back part of the side flue into one of
the large flues formed between the backs of the boilers and the backs of
the steam cooking or drying closets, being met in their progress by a
plate for splitting or dividing them (the products of combustion) into an
upper and lower current and ensuring their doing full duty before
escaping into the chimney. Another portion of the products of com-
bustion leaves the fire-place by an opening situated over the top of the
boot or projecting part of the front boiler, traversing flues formed between
the boilers and casing, and arranged round the fire-place side, front part,
and outer side of the front boiler and the outer side of the side back
boiler to the large flue herein-before mentioned, between the backs of
the boilers and the backs of the steam cooking closets, thence escaping
to the chimney with the products of combustion from the lower portion of
the same side of the fire-place. From the opposite side of the fire-place
to that just referred to one portion of the products of combustion passes
under the boot or projecting part of the back or steam boiler into a flue
situated between the bottom of the large oven and the top of the corre-
sponding small oven, being guided towards the front portion of the
apparatus by a plate placed diagonally, thence proceeding back under
portions of the bottom and side of the large oven, there being a diagonal
partition in the side flue dividing the space between the oven and the
side of the casing into an upper and lower flue, from the lower one of
which the particular portion of the products now under notice passes into
the large back flue. There is a plate in the large flue at the end of
the lower flue on the oven side to deflect the products therefrom and
prevent their interfering with those from the upper side flue. The
products of combustion from the upper portion of this side of the fire-
place pass over the boot of the steam boiler, then up a flue situated
between the large oven and the casing on the fire-place side, thence
along a flue between the upper hot plate and top of the large oven, where
the products are deflected to the front part of the top of the oven by a
diagonal plate, returning thence along the outer part of the top and
between the side of the oven and side casing to the back flue and
chimney. Suitable doors are provided for cleaning out the flues when
requisite. Means are also provided for holding down or securing the
covers of the boilers by short rods or bars sprung into position, so that
when the apparatus is used on board ship the covers are not liable to get
displaced when in a seaway. Steam from the back boiler is conducted
through pipes or tubes arranged in the steam cooking closets so as to

page_text: supply steam to cooking utensils such as those known as Warren's Patent
cooking pots, the radiation of heat from which is prevented by placing
them in the closed closets heated by flues and arranged with steam pipes
according to this Invention, while by removing the cooking utensils the
same closets may, if desired, be made use of for drying clothes, warming
plates and dishes, and other purposes. Waste steam from the boilers is
conducted away by special pipes provided for its escape, thus avoiding
the annoyance resulting from the escape of steam between decks on
board ship or within the apartment in which the apparatus is being
worked. The cover of the fire-place constitutes a hot plate arranged for
such purposes as stewing, frying, and grilling, and the upper portion of
the front of the fire-place is furnished with moveable plates forming a
hopper and blower for urging the fire when requisite or regulating the
draught. Arrangements are provided for admitting water to the ash-
pan when necessary for cooling the burning particles of fuel as they fall
therein.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Frederic Pelham Warren in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 7th April 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERIC
PELHAM WARREN, of High Road, Lee, in the County of Kent, Com-
mander in the Royal Navy, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Frederic Pelham Warren, Her
special licence that I, the said Frederic Pelham Warren, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Frederic Pelham
Warren, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS POR COOKING AND OTHER PURPOSEе," upon

page_text: the conditions (amongst others) that I, the said Frederic Pelham Warren,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederic Pelham Warren, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof (that is to say) :-
This Invention, which has for its object improvements in apparatus
for cooking and other purposes, is designed to render such apparatus
more compact, efficient, and economical than heretofore, and consists
in a novel combination and arrangement of boilers of peculiar form
with ovens and steam cooking or drying closets, the whole arranged to
be heated by the products of combustion from one fire-place, which
fire-place is itself mainly formed by the boilers themselves, thus pre-
venting the waste of heat and loss of time which occur in cases where
other parts, such as cast-iron cheeks, are used to form the fire-place.
In the accompanying Drawings, which form a part of this Speci-
fication, the same letters of reference are used to denote corresponding
parts in all the views.
Fig. 1 (on Sheet 1) represents a front view of the apparatus in
perspective, and Fig. 2 a similar back view of the apparatus; Fig. 3
(Sheet 2) is a vertical. section thro' the line A, B, of Figure 4, shewing
the apparatus larger than represented in Figs. 1 and 2; Fig. 4, a plan
section of the apparatus through the line C, D, of Fig. 3; Fig. 5
(Sheet 3), a vertical section through the line E, F, of Figs. 3 and 4,
looking in the direction of the red arrows. One steam cooking utensil
only is shewn in position, as the arrangement of the doors and steam
pipes of the cooking or drying closets will be understood on reference
to Fig. 2. Fig. 6, a like section through the line G, H, of Figs. 3 and 4,
looking in the direction of the blue arrows.
a is the outer or main casing of the apparatus, which has a grate or
fire-place 6 arranged as shewn in Fig. 1, so that it can be used either
as an open roasting range or as a closed fire-place, and having an ash-
pit or tray c below it, a small oven d on the one side and a similar

page_text: oven d¹ on the other side.
Above the small oven d and at the back
of the fire-place bare arranged three vertical boilers e, e¹, e, of peculiar
form having curved or bevilled bottoms. The front boiler e is formed or
provided with a projecting part or boot e³, and the back boiler 2 has a
projecting part or boot e4, and these two projecting parts or boots extend
some distance over the fire-grate, as shewn, so as to be subjected to the
most intense heat of the fire.
In apparatus constructed according to my Invention for the use of the
Royal Navy the front boilere has been used as a cocoa boiler, and the
boiler e for hot water. The contents of the boiler e can be drawn thro'
its cock me, and those of boiler e' thro' the cock m. The back boiler e2
is arranged as a steam boiler, and is provided with gauge cocks e, a
pressure gauge e, and a float for indicating at the water level. At
the opposite side of the fire-grate is a large oven f, which is shewn
furnished with baking dishes f¹, and the boilers and large oven arranged
as shewn within the casing of the apparatus form separate flues from
the fire-place b, which are peculiarly disposed, so that one set of flues
leading from its upper part at 61, 62, covers or envelopes the upper parts
of the boilers and large oven, thereby heating the same, and simul-
taneously carrying off the smoke from the upper part of the fire-place,
while a second set of flues leading from its lower part at 63, 64, envelopes
or surrounds the bottoms and lower portions of the large oven and
boilers, conducting to and heating them by the products of combustion
from the lower part of the fire-place. Between the backs of the
boilers e, e, and large oven f and the backs of the steam cooking or
drying closets h a space is left running the entire width of the appa-
ratus, and having a vertical central partition a', which divides it into
two flues 65, 66, leading to the chimney, which flues receive the products
of combustion from their respective sides of the fire-place after such
products have passed through the flues leading therefrom around the
upper and lower portions of the boilers and ovens. The disposition of
the flues, which will be understood from the following explanation,
aided by reference to the Drawings is very important, as the arrange-
ment described enables the heat from the fire-place to be fully utilized
and applied to the best advantage, whereby considerable economy in
the consumption of fuel is effected.
The products of combustion which leave the fire-place at 6³ pass
beneath the side boilera s 21 Lateran thain ha

page_text: small oven d, thence some distance up the sides of these two boilers in
a flue 67 between them and the casing a of the apparatus. They then
proceed through an opening 28 in the upper portion of the back part of
the side flue 67 into the large flue 65 between the backs of the boilers
and the backs of the steam cooking or drying closets, and are met in
their progress by a plate a² for splitting or dividing them (the products
of combustion) into an upper and lower current, and ensuring their
doing full duty before escaping into the chimney B. The products of
combustion which leave the fire-place by the opening situated over
the top of the boot or projecting part 3 of the front boiler e pass
through flues 60 and 67 formed between the boilers e, e¹, and casing a,
and arranged round the fire-place side, front part, and outer side of the
front boiler and the outer side of the side back boiler e¹ to the large
flue 65, herein-before mentioned, between the backs of the boilers e¹, e³,
and the backs of the steam cooking closets, thence escaping to the
chimney with the products of combustion from the lower portion 6³ of
the same side of the fire-place. From the lower part of the opposite
side of the fire-place to that just referred to the products of combustion
pass at under the boot or projecting part e of the back or steam
boiler e into a flue 60 situated between the bottom of the large oven f
and the top of the corresponding small oven d', being guided towards
the front portion of the apparatus by a plate a³ placed diagonally, thence
proceeding back under portions of the bottom and side of the large
oven f, there being a diagonal partition a' in the side flue dividing the
space between the oven f and the side of the casing a into an upper
flue 6 and lower flue 61%, from the latter one of which the particular
portions of the products now under notice pass into the large back
flue 60. There is a plate as in the large flue 66 at the end of the lower
Alue on the oven side to deflect the products therefrom, and prevent
their interfering with those from the upper side flue 6". The products
of combustion from the upper portion of this side of the fire-place pass
at 6 over the boot e of the steam boiler e, then up a flue 6¹³ situated
between the large oven f and the casing a on the fire-place side, thence
long a flue 6 between the upper hot plate a° and top of the large
ven f, where portions of the products are guided or deflected to the
ront part of the top of the oven f by a diagonal plate a7, returning
hence along the outer part of the top and by the space b" situated
between the side of the oven and aide casing a to the back flue 66
nd chimuey B. Suitable doors are provided for cleaning out the

page_text: flues when requisite. For holding down or securing the covers of the
boilers so that when the apparatus is used on board ship the covers are
not liable to get displaced when in a seaway, short rods can be passed
through the eyes of the boilers and through the handles of their
covers, and such rods are then sprung into the hooks or catches ¹
by which means the lids or covers of the boilers are held firmly down.
Steam from the back boiler e. is conducted through pipes .or_tubes m
to other pipes or tubes m¹ arranged in the steam cooking or drying
closets h, so as to supply steam to cooking utensils n, which cooking,
utensils are by preference of the kind now well known as Warren's.
patent cooking pots, in which the food is cooked in an inner vessel by.
the steam which is admitted through the pipes into the outer vessel and
surrounds the inner vessel, so as to cook the food in its own juice or
moisture. A cock m³ is provided for regulating the admission of steam
to each row of cooking utensils n. The radiation of heat from the steam
cooking pots is prevented by placing them in the closed closets h heated
by the flues 65, 66, and arranged with steam pipes m', according to this
Iuvention, while by removing the cooking utensils n the same closets h
may if desired be made use of for drying clothes, warming plates and
dishes, and for other purposes. The connection between the utensils n
and the steam pipes m¹ is effected simply by short conical tubes or
nozzles fixed to the pipes m', which conical tubes fit into the tubes n
of the utensils. The steam boiler can be blown off through the cock m³,
which is connected with the boiler by a pipe which traverses the
flue 60. Waste steam from the boiler e2 is conducted away by the
pipe m² (or by other special pipes) provided for its escape, and placed by
preference over the safety valve, as shewn, thus avoiding the annoyance
resulting from the escape of steam between decks on board ship, or
within the apartment in which the apparatus is being worked. In
some cases I provide special pipes also for the escape of steam from
the boilers e, e¹. For heating water in a separate tank or vessel when
desired I convey steam by the pipe from the boiler e2, and cause it
to pass through a coil of pipes in the tank or vessel containing the
water to be heated, as is well understood. The cover o of the. fire-place
constitutes a hot plate, which, as will be seen in Fig. 1, is arranged for
such purposes as stewing, frying, and grilling, and the upper portion of
the front of the fire-place is furnished with movable plates p, forming
a hopper and blower for urging the fire when requisite, or regulating the
draught. Water is admitted to the ash-pan when necessary. for cooling

page_text: the burning particles of fuel as they fall therein, and a pipe or channel
or pipes or channels may for this purpose be provided, so as to convey
the condensed steam from the cooking pots into the ash-pan.
I would remark that I lay no claim to the separate parts of the
apparatus, and I would also state that I am aware that apparatus has_
been previously constructed in which the whole of the boilers and ovens
should be heated by the products of combustion from one
one fire-place,
but a serious objection to apparatus of this class as heretofore arranged
has been that in most cases the heat has been unequally distributed, so
that while one part of the apparatus has been overheated another part
has not been heated sufficiently, besides which most of the apparatus
hitherto constructed has occupied more space than mine as compared
with the amount of work done.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim, the
combination, forming apparatus for cooking and other purposes, in which
the whole of the boilers, ovens, and steam cooking or drying closets are
made to operate effectually by the products of combustion from one
fire-place, which is itself mainly formed by the boilers themselves, all
substantially as herein described and illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederic Pelham Warren, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
FREDERIC PELHAM WARREN. (L.S.)
5 Witness,
).
W. LLOYD WISE,
Assoc. Soc. Engrs.
Patent Agent,
Chandos Chambers,
Adelphi, W.C.