IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR HAMMERING, CRUSHING, REDUCING, CUTTING, AND MIXING
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Christian Schiele, of Lower Bebbington, in the
County of Cheshire, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR HAMMERING, CRUSHING, REDUCING, CUTTING, AND MIXING,"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Christian Schiele, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
February 1860.
I, CHRISTIAN SCHIELE, of Lower Bebbington, in the County of Cheshire,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR HAMMERING, CRUSHING, REDUCING, CUTTING, AND MIXING," to be
as follows:-
My improved machinery is applicable for hammering, crushing, reducing,
cutting, and mixing. On a revolving shaft 1 fix a large boss or centre plate
on which are linked, free to swing, a convenient number of arms, at the end
of each arm 1 mount a forge bammer, a cutting hammer, or a roller as may
be required for the purposes above stated. On rapid motion being given to
the shaft the arms are thrown out to a radial position by means of the

page_text: centrifugal force imparted, and the hammers are thus made to fall upon an
anvil conveniently placed; upon which is arranged the material to be operated
проп.
When the machine is required to operate upon stone blocks for the
purpose of cutting the same, the blocks are arranged to travel under the
hammers or cutting tools. For the purpose of further crushing, reducing,
and mixing materials operated upon as above described, I allow properly
shaped hammers or rollers to strike against or roll along the inner surface
of a strong trough-shaped ring made of such a size that the hammers,
etc., cannot completely swing out to a radial position but produce as they
rapidly revolve a pounding, rolling, and mixing of the materials within the
trough.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Christian Schiele, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
21st August 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHRISTIAN
SCHIELB, of Lower Bebbington, in the County of Cheshire, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Christian Schiele, Her special licence that I, the said Christian
Schiele, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Christian Schiele, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time, and at all
times thereafter, during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR HAMMERING, CRUSHING, REDUCING, CUTTING,
AND MIXING," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Christian
Schiele, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Christian Schiele, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to he particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-
lowing statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings,
and to the figures and letters marked thereon (that is to say): --
My improved machinery is applicable for hammering, crushing, reducing,
cutting, and mixing. On a revolving shaft I fix a large boss or centre plate,
on which are linked free to swing a convenient number of arms, at the end of
cach arm I mount a forge hammer, a cutting hammer, or a roller, as may
be required for the purposes above stated. On rapid motion been given to
the shaft, the arms are thrown out to a radial position by means of the
centrifugal force imparted, and the hammers are thus made to fall upon an
anvil conveniently placed, upon which is arranged the material to be operated
upon. When the machine is required to operate upon stone blocks for the
purpose of cutting or dressing the same, the blocks are arranged to travel
under the hammer or cutting tools.
For the purpose of further crushing, reducing, and mixing materials
operated upon as above described, I allow properly shaped hammers or rollers
to strike against or roll along the inner surface of a strong trough-shaped ring,
made of such a size that the hammers, etc., cannot completely swing out to a
radial position, but produce as they rapidly revolve a pounding, rolling, and
mixing of the material within the trough.
In order that my said Invention may be fully understood and explained in
detail, I will now proceed to describe the same in connection with the Sheet
of Drawings hereunto hunexed.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation, and Fig. 2 a corresponding front elevation of a
forge hammer constructed according to my Invention. (a) is the haminer
consisting of a wrought-iron arm or block, with the face or steel portion
inserted into the arın; (b) is the anvil block, with adjustable anvil fixed in its
top; (c) is a bar of hot iron in course of being forged; (d) is a heavy centre
plate or boss of cast iron, formed in two halves and securely fixed on the
shaft (e) running in two end bearings, and driven by a strap and pulley, or by
any convenient means; (f) is a spring catch for stopping and holding the
hammer from striking when not required; (g) is a bolt for controlling the
action of the said catch; (h) is a stationary boss (through which theshaft(e)
revolves freely) for lifting the bolt (g), and allowing the hammer to act; and
(1) is a foot board for sliding forward the boss (h). The hammer or hammers
may be caused to perform with from 20 to 200 or more revolutions per minute,

page_text: according to size. When the hammer has delivered its blow the accumulated
velocity on its outer end is given off, but as its link end is drawn forward
(with little change in velocity) the hammer is drawn inwards suddenly, with
little or any touch upon the anvil or the iron operated upon, and gradually
regains velocity by its link, but obtains its main impulse from a kind of elastic
cushion (2), of timber, easily renewed, or other elastic material. The centri-
fugal force tends to throw the hammer straight out with its centre of gravity
in a line with the centre of the link and the axis of the machine, but before
arriving so far the hammer is stopped in its most favorable position by the
limit of space allowed in the central body. The hammer may be stopped from
striking by lifting the foot off the footboard (i), when the same will be raised
by means of springs applied to its under side, and draw back the boss (h)
which liberates the bolt (g) and the catch (f), which then fastens the hammer
in the position shewn by dotted lines by locking into the notch (4). The
hammer can only be liberated (by pressing on the footboard) as described, at
'a certain point in its revolution, viz., when the hammer has just passed the
anvil. The bolt being at its nearest position to the axis of the machine
prevents the 'boss (h) moving forward; except at one part where a > unk
partition admits the bolt, which in moving round the boss is pressed outwards
by means of a spiral cam like surface, thus allowing the boss (/) to enter fully
under it, and keep it up until the foot is taken off the footboard (i). The power
of the blow is regulated by the weight of hammer and by its velocity. The
number of strokes per minuteis regulated by the number of revolutions of the
shaft per minute, and by the number of hammers that are carried' by the
central boss. Eveness of stroke is obtained' by means of a long hammer or
great distance of hammerlink from the centre, and by adjustment of the anvil
face. In the Drawings the linking of the haminer is accomplished by means
of trunnions forged in one piece with the hammer.
Fig. 3 is a side elevation partly in section, and Fig. 4 a corresponding front
view of a machine forcutting or dressing stone and other materials constructed
according to my Invention, a part of the guard or covering being removed in
order to expose the machine. Letters (o) are a number of stone mason's tools
each of which is fixed by the end of its handle or shaft strengthened by a kind
of taper hoop, holes being drilled through the handle for the tool to swing in
round a pin secured to another hoop of wrought iron (n) several of which are
firmly fixed on a wooden shaft or axis, each hoop being provided with an
elastic cushion (), as described in Figures 1 and 2. A number of the hoops
(a) are fixed side by side on the wooden shaft, in such a way that as the latter

page_text: is caused to revolve the tools deliver their blows in succession. The tools are
not allowed to fly out beyond their proper position, being limited by means of
recesses (p) cut in the central wooden shaft, against which the ends of the
tool handles rest when swung out. For the purpose of hew ng or dressing a
stone (g) to an even surface, it is passed under the revolving tools before
mentioned on a truck (2), the said truck being sufficiently low to allow the
passage of a stone of the largest size; small stones can be adjusted on the
truck to the proper height by packing under them. In order to dress a stone
to be quite level, the same must be passed under the tools a second time, the
tools then being set sideways in their spindles for the purpose of cutting away
the stone left by the first cut between the cutting edges of the tools. The
truck
may
be advanced by means of a capstan, by a screw, or by other known
means. To form a circular column or pillar the stone to be operated upon is
-mounted on two central pins, as shown by dotted lines at (s), and is gradually
turned round before the said revolving tools. To prevent injury resulting from
tools flying off, a guard (t) is placed over the same, and sometimes it may be
advisable to cause minute jets of water to descend from the top of the said
guard for keeping the tools cool, and for lessening the.dust.
may
The above machine be set in motion by means of hand, horse, water,
or steam power. It will be apparent the machine can be used for cutting or
dressing timber and such like materials, and also in making chips from
logwood.
Figure 5 is a longitudinal section, and Figure 6.a front view partly in
section of a machine constructed according to my Invention, for the purpose
of.crushing quartz and for other purposes. Letters (u) are two pounders
which are linked to a central shaft in a similar manner to that before described
for linking the forge hammer, prefering the pounders to be bored and the
pins to be fixed into the central boss; (v) is a piece of chilled iron serving as
a kind of anvil inserted and fixed in a cavity in the outer casing (w); the
dead weight of the said casing gives the required resistance to the blows or
strokes of the pounders (n), and also serves as a guide for the spindle (a)
and as a support for the whole..in gudgeons or trunnions on the timber
framing (y). Letter (s) is a hopper terminating with a shoot down which
passes the material to be reduced, its descent beingassisted by thevibration of
the machine. The shoot can be adjusted to the required inclination by shifting
the timber cross bar (a); letter (61) is a casing over the open portion of the
machine for preventing the loss of material, it can be easily removed, as can
also the anvil (v). when desired. Water is introduced through the hopper and

page_text: is gradually projected over the anvil, carrying with it the finer portion of the
material on to the sieve (cl), through which the finer particles pass along with
the water, and are carried out through the holes in the bottom and fall into a
receptacle provided. . The coarser particles of the materials find their way
back again to the pounding trough.
.
The whole machine is so arranged as to easily take to pieces for transport
and it can be driven by hand, horse, water, or engine power. For heavy work
I combine a series of pounders on a long axis, similarly to the cutting tools
before described. The faces of the pounders or hammers may be varied in
form, so as to adapt them for operating upon various materials, the shape of
one pounder being for producing a cutting action, of another a pulverizing
action, of another a tearing action, and so on in succession according to
requirements. In some cases I allow the material to collect in a lower recep-
tacle after flying off the anvil, from whence it is raised again by means of
elevators to the hopper and sieve, it in the shoot serving as a sieve, the
necessary shaking being given to the sieve by the working of the machinery,
as before described; sometimes I use rollers on the ends of the pounders,
which, in turning, present different faces to action; and sometimes I make the
said rollers irregular so as to assist in reducing materials; sometimes I allow
them to bear with centrifugal force against part or the whole of the circum-
ference of a suitable casing, for the purpose of grinding and mixing, or for
pounding and mixing combined, the whole being tightly enclosed to prevent
any loss of the material during the operation.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner
of carrying the same into practical effect, I would have it, understood that I
these may be
do not confine myself to the exact details as herein set forth, as
varied, the peculiar characteristics and main features of my Invention being
at the same time retained; but what I claim as new and of my Invention is
as follows,-
First, the application and use of forge hammers, pounders, rollers, and
cutting tools acted upon or swung out by centrifugal force,and secured in their
most faverable position by limiting the distance to which the centrifugal
force tends to bring the said tools for the purpose of hammering, crushing,
reducing, cutting, and mixing, as hetein-before described.
Second, the the application and use on the same shaft of hammers or
pounders with varying faces, as hercin-before described.
Third, the manner of causing the tools to clear after striking by drawing
them inwards by means of their links, as herein-before described.

page_text: Fourth, the application and use of an elastic cushion for imparting a
renewed velocity to the said tools, as herein-before described.
Fifth, the combination and arrangement of all the several parts of the
machine as a general combination for the purposes, substantially as herein-
before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Christian Schiele, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of August in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
0 Witness,
MAXWELL SCOTT.
CHRISTIAN SCHIELE. (L.S.).