IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING THE SEPARATION OF HAIR OR OTHER COVERING FROM THE SKINS PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Randall Tussaud and Francis Curtius
Tussaud, both of No. 58, Baker Street, Portman Square, in the
County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OBTAINING THE SEPARATION OF HAIR OR OTHER COVERING FROM THE SKINS
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Randall Tussaud
and Francis Curtius Tussaud at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 10th June 1871.
We, JOSEPH RANDALL TUSSAUD and FRANCIS CURTIUS TUSSAUD, both
of No. 58, Baker Street, Portman Square, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OBTAINING THE SEPARATION OF HAIR OR OTHER COVERING FROM THE SKINS OF
ANIMALS, AND IN THE APPLICATION THERETO OF ARTIFICIAL SKINS," to be as
follows:
Our improvements have reference to means by which the hair or other
such covering to the skins of animals may be held in correct relative

page_text: positions as on the natural skin whilst that skin is removed, and until a
substitute for such skin is applied to the roots of such hair or other
covering to retain them in position.
In the Specification of a former Patent granted to us, bearing date the
26th of June 1861, No. 1634, we referred to means for accomplishing |
this end, and we also referred to shellac dissolved in alcohol as means
adapted to the purpose of temporarily holding the hair during the
removal of the natural skin, but in practice we have not found the
process as there described and the use of such resinous matter to
answer commercially, and our present improvements have reference
to means for acting first on the hair on the natural skins previous to
the application of the temporary holding means, and also to the use
of glue, size, or gelatine applied in solution, so as to form when cool a
body to hold the hair in position during removal therefrom of the natural
skin, and the application to the roots thereof of a substitute for such
skin. We operate upon the hair and natural skin previous to the appli-
cation of such temporary holding means for the purpose of loosening the
one from the other by subjecting them to soaking in lime water or other
suitable means..
The artificial skin may be formed of india-rubber, gutta percha, or
compounds thereof, "vulcanized" or "prepared," boiled or drying oil,
or other suitable adhesive matters, strengthened if desired by woven
fabrics, and when such artificial skin has been applied and has set
the glutinous matter employed as the temporarily holding media may
be removed by dissolving in warm water or steam. We also in some
cases employ carbonate, sulphate, sulphite, phosphate, acetate, or hypo-
sulphite of soda in a state of fusion as a substitute for the animal glue.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Joseph Randall Tussaud and Francis Curtius
Tussaud in the Great Scal Patent Office on the 9th December 30
1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOSEPH
RANDALL TUSSAUD and FRANCIS CURTIUS TUSSAUD, both of No. 58, Baker
Street, Portman Square, in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Joseph Randall Tussaud and Francis
Curtius Tussaud, Her special licence that we, the said Joseph Randall
Tussaud and Francis Curtius Tussaud, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Joseph Randall Tussaud and
Francis Curtius Tussaud, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, usc, exercise, and vend, within the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING THE SEPARATION OF
HAIR OR OTHER COVERING FROM THE SKINS OF ANIMALS, AND IN THE APPLICATION
THERETO OF ARTIFICIAL SKINS," upon the condition (amongst others) that
wc, the said Joseph Randall Tussaud and Francis Curtius Tussaud, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our or
their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or them,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Joseph Randall Tussaud and
Francis Curtius Tussaud, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, that is to say :-
Our improvements have reference to means by which the hair or other
such covering to the skins of animals may be held in correct relative
positions as on the natural skin whilst that skin is removed and until a
substitute for such skin is applied to the roots of such hair or other
covering to retain them in position.
In the Specification of a former Patent granted to us, bearing date the
26th of June 1861, No. 1634, we referred to means for accomplishing
this end, and we also referred to shellac dissolved in alcohol as means
adapted to the purpose of temporarily holding the hair during the

page_text: removal of the natural skin, but in practice we have not found the
process as there described and the use of such resinous matter to answer
commercially, and our present improvements have reference to means
for acting first on the hair on the natural skins previous to the appli-
cation of the temporary holding means, and also to the use of glue, size,
or gelatine applied in solution, so as to form when cool a body to hold
the hair or other covering in position during the removal therefrom of
the natural skin and the application to the roots thereof of a substitute
for such skin..
In carrying out our improvements we operate upon the hair or other
covering and natural skin previous to the application of such temporary
holding means for the purpose of loosening the one from the other by
subjecting them to the action of lime water or other suitable means, as
practised by tanners. If desired the skins may then be washed in water
to free them of the superabundant lime or other means by which the
hair or other covering has been loosened from the skin, and then, when
required, they may be hung for a time to drain of excess of moisture.
The glue, size, or gelatine is then applied to the hair or other such
covering by pouring it thereon in a fluid or semi-fluid condition, and in
sufficient quantity or by immersion of the skin in a bath of such matter.
When a sufficient coating of the glue, size, or gelatine has been applied
to the skin to hold the hair or other such covering thereof in correct
relative position during the removal of the natural skin, such skin with
this temporary holding means applied is then laid so as to prevent the
holding means from running off until it has become sufficiently cool or
set to hold the hair or other such covering in position, when the natural
skin may be pulled from the roots of the hair or other such covering,
leaving the hair or other such covering held by the glue, size, or gelatine
employed as the temporary holding means with the roots of hair or other
such covering projecting therefrom. The matter or composition to form
the artificial skin will then be applied in a liquid state to such roots of
hair or other such covering whilst the hair or other such covering is
being held by the glue, size, or gelatine.
""
66
The artificial skin may be formed of india-rubber, gutta percha, or
compounds thereof, ("vulcanized or prepared"), boiled or other
oils capable of being rendered suitably drying, or other suitable adhesive
matters which may be strengthened if desired by woven fabrics.

page_text: When employing boiled linseed or other oil its adhesiveness' may be
increased by the combination therewith of a small quantity of litharge
or other suitable drying or adhesive matter.
In order to render the caoutchouc and gutta percha more lasting
and less affected by changes of temperature we combine with them
sulphur in any suitable manner capable of producing those results,
preferring to apply to the artificial skins of caoutchone or gutta percha
a solution of chloride or hypochloride of sulphur in bisulphuret of
carbon (or other suitable solvent of caoutchouc or gutta percha).
When using bisulphuret of carbon, we take 40 parts thereof, and add to
it one part of chloride or hypochloride of sulphur prepared as neutral
as possible, and we allow the solution to remain in contact with the
artificial skin of caoutchouc or gutta percha a longer or shorter time
according to the thickness or substance of the article, but we find that
for general purposes a thin sheet is generally sufficiently changed in less
than a minute.
When the caoutchouc, gutta percha, or compounds thereof, used to
form the artificial skin has become sufficiently set to hold the hair or
other such covering firmly by the roots thereof, and the process of
vulcanization or preparing as above referred to has been effected, then
the artificial skin with the hair or other such covering thereon is well
washed in hot water, by which the glutinous or gelatinous matter which
has been employed as the temporary holding medium 'may be readily
removed, or the glutinous or gelatinous matter which has been employed
as the temporary holding medium may be removed before the process of
“vulcanization" or "preparing" is effected, we however prefer that the
fabric forming the artificial skin be well washed in water after the
vulcanization or preparing above referred to has been completed.
In some cases we employ carbonate, sulphate, sulphite, phosphate,
acetate, or hyposulphite of soda as a substitute for the animal glue or
gelatine. In such cases the salt is employed in a state of fusion or as a
saturated solution, such that when cool it will set to a sufficient degree
of solidity to hold the hair or other covering in correct relative position.
Having thus described our Invention, and means which we adopt in
carrying the same into effect, we would have it understood that what
we claim is, the adaptation or combination of means whereby the
separation of hair or other covering from the skins of animals and the

page_text: application thereto of artificial skins is effected by the use of glue, size,
gelatine, carbonate, sulphate, sulphite, phosphate, acetate or hyposulphite
of soda acting, after the hair or other covering has been loosened from
the skin by steeping in lime water or by other suitable means, to hold
the hair or other covering during the removal of the natural skin, and the
application to the roots thereof of india-rubber, gutta percha, vulcanised
or prepared, boiled linseed or other oils capable of being rendered
suitably drying, or other suitable adhesive matters, substantially as
described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Joseph Randall Tussaud and
Francis Curtius Tussaud, have hereunto set our hands and seals,.
this Eighth day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.