Improvements in Machines for Making Window Stile Pockets.
Year: 1898

page_text: Improvements in Machines for Making Window Stile Pockets.
I, FRANCIS VORBURGH PHILLIPS, of La Grange, in the County of Cook and
State of Illinois, United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:
This invention contemplates a machine for forming "pockets" in window
fiames by, first, a side cut or cuts parallel with the edge of the stile to sever
the pocket laterally from the body of the stile, second, two off-set end cuts
at each end of the pocket extending inward to a plane within the stile between its
broad surfaces, and, thud, fractures of the wood with its grain, which fractures
connect the off-set end-cuts at each end of the pocket. the end cuts made fiom
the front surface of the stile being farther apart than those made from the back
sule, so that the pocket piece is removable outwardly when the frame is in place
in the building
My invention is herein presented in two forms. One form of machine em-
bodying my invention has a fiame of rectangular form, in which frame, and
transversely thereto, is arranged a continuously rotating driving shaft Mounted
on the frame is a horizontally arranged, longitudinally reciprocating frame which
18 operated from an eccentric on the diving shaft and which carries parallel
saws by which the side or longitudinal cuts are made in a stile
The recipro-
cating saw frame referred to is mounted to slide upon fixed longitudinal bars
supported at their ends in vertically sliding flames arranged at opposite ends
of the machine. Each vertically sliding frame is provided with a toothed
ack which engages a pinion on a longitudinal shaft that is mounted on oross
bars of the main frame and is provided with a hand lever by which the shafts
and pinions may be rotated and the vertically sliding fiames laised and lowered
at pleasure.
The machine is also provided with transversely reciprocating saws or cutters
which make the tiansverse cuts on the under or back side of the window frame
stile, and with other similar cutters which make similar cuts in the upper
surface of the stile Both sets of these cutters are mounted on guide bars.
The guide bar which carries the cutters for the under side of the stile is arranged
to slide in bearings on the fiame which canies the saws for making the side
cuts, so that when the latter saws are raised the lower cutters will also ascend
The guide baia which carry the upper transverse cutters are mounted to recipio-
cate in suitable bearings formed in brackets on a longitudinally arranged bar
which 18 attached at its ends to vertically sliding fiames which are fitted to
rise and fall in the end uprights of the main fiame Each of the frames which
supports the guide bars of the upper cutters is provided with a toothed ack
which engages a pinion on the same shaft which operates the vertically sliding
frame by which the saws for making the side cuts are supported By reason of
this arrangement, when the said shafts and pinions are oscillated by the hand
lever used to move them 80 89 to 1918୧ the longitudinal BAWS and
lower transverse cutters, the upper transverse cutters are simultaneously

page_text: vice
made to descend, and
versa. Inasmuch as the longitudinal
BAWA ате called on to cut entirely through the window frame stile,
while the transverse cutters each cut only part way through from the opposite
aides, the two lower transverse cutters are adjusted below the longitudinal saws,
so that the movement of the latter, which will carry them entuely through
the stile, will carry the said lower transverse cutters only part way through
the stale Correspondingly, the upper cutters are adjusted in position to strike
and to begin to cut into the upper surface of the stile only when the longitudinal
saws shall have cut only part way through the stile
The lower transverse cutters are reciprocated in a direction transverse to the
direction of movement of the longitudinal saws by the provision of obliquely
slotted projections at the ends of the saw frames, which projections are provided
with slots engaging depending studs attached to the guide bars which support
the lower transverse cutters. Reciprocatory motion is imparted to the sup-
porting bars of the upper cutters fiom the supporting bars
of
the lower cutters through the medium of centrally pivoted levers,
which are mounted to vibrate upon centrally fixed pivots on the main frame,
said levors having slots which are engaged by sliding blocks having pivotal con-
nection with the adjacent reciprocating supporting bars by which the transverse
cutters are supported. By this arrangement the reciprocation of the guide bars
for the lower sawa communicates motion to the said slotted and centrally pivoted
lever, which, in turn, communicates reciprocating motion in opposite directions
to the supporting bai of the upper cutter
A new feature of my invention consists in the provision of a guide for a
stile having a stop groove therein The window stile is commonly provided with
a stop groove before the pocket is cut therein, and the pocket necessarily bears a
definite relation to said stop groove. It is well known that window stiles are not
accurately of the same width and that, if gauged on guided as to the position
in the machine by their edges, the pocket is liable to be inaccurately situated
with reference to the stop or stop groove I have therefore devised a guide or
gauge adapted to enter and engage the groove instead of engaging either edge of
the stile. As window frame stiles are rights and lefts, however, two of these
groove engaging guides are provided at a propei distance apart and they are
adapted to be alternately used on disused by giving movability to said guides or
gauges by which one may be held in a retracted position while the other is in
position for action.
As applied to this particular machine, the guiding or gauging devices referred
to aie aanged and supported as follows Two cross bars are a ranged upon the
machine above the window stiles, one near each end of the machine and in such
position that the upper plane surface of the window stile beans against the
same when said stile is being operated upon Piroted upon each of these cross
bars are two depending gauges so aanged that they may be raised and lowered,
there being but one stop groove in each frame stile when the stile is shoved
into the machine lengthwise from one end of the machine The proper one of
the adjacent guides is allowed to enter the groove and the other gauge of each
bai is pushed upwards and rides upon the ungrooved surface of the stile. One
of the gauges at each end of the machine will therefore be brought to use
in cutting the pocket of the right hand stile, and the apposite gauge will be
simultaneously bought into use in cutting the pockets of a left hand stile
said ganges may be thrown or held down by means of spings acting in aid of
their gravity; but it 18 to be understood that either gravity or a spring or
both may be employed, as preferred, for holding the gauges in their operative
positions.
The
For supporting the stile while being operated upon, I place upon the machine
frame a supporting frame of rectangular centrally open form The fame of the
stile is inserted in the machine lengthwise above the supporting frame and below
the cross bars on which the gauges are mounted, and the longitudinal saws and

page_text: lower transverse cutters work upwardly through the centrally open space of said
supporting fiame into the stile The said frame may be provided with a ho11-
zontally adjustable stop against which the end of the tiame stile may be pushed
when putting it into the machine
The holding devices for the fame stile are provided as follows At each end of
the supporting fiame referred to is mounted a transversely alanged 10d upon
which and beneath the middle of the window stile are secured pointed spuis
The said rods have an oscillatory movement, by which the said spurs may be
thrown into an inclined position to permit the icady insertion of the window
stile, and may be brought upward against and into the under o back side of the
window stile, both to press it firmly against the cross bais referred to and to
secure it fixedly in place while the saws and cutters are at work The two spu
carrying 1oda may be oscillated simultaneously by means of two levels attached
thereto and connected by a 1od adapted to transmit motion from one of the levers
to the othei An extension of one of said levers affords a hand hold or hand
level by which both rods may be actuated A stop or stops is provided in some
suitable place to limit the throw of said levers and the oscillation of said iods
canying the spurs
The longitudinal saws hereinheione referred to are more properly chisel or
plows, being provided with setiations or teeth which are seveially provided with
chisel edges, the edges of half of said teeth being retracted toward one end of
the cutter and on the other halt toward the other end These teeth have no set,
but the plate of which these saws 19 made is desuably thicker at the edges of the
teeth than at the back on bottom edge of the plate, to give the desued cleviance
The said teeth are separated by deep recesses to allow passage for, and to
receive, the shavings produced by the cutting edges The shavings pass out
through these recesses during the fist part of the work and accumulate therem
during the remainder of work, falling out readily when the saw is withdrawn
from the kerf after the pocket has been cut The said saws having the fee
end of the plows or points constructed to operate over and clear of the lower
transverse cutters and to reach the planes of the upper transverse cutters in
order that the pocket pieces may be laterally severed entuely from the stile,
leaving nothing to be done to wholly detach the pocket piece except to break
the wood midway the thickness of the stile between the bottoms of the cuts
produced by the transverse cutters
The operation of the machine thus described is as follows. The frame stile is
thrust into the machine lengthwise, with the stop groove in said stile in line
with the proper one of the guides at that end of the machine so that said gauge
and the coresponding one at the opposite end of the machine will enter and
occupy said stop groove The hand level which actuates the spun shaft will then
be thrown to bring the spus upwardly agamst and into the unde su face of
the stile, forcing the latter firmly against the under surface of the cross bais
and holding it rigidly in position The saws being continuously in motion, the
hand lever which moves the sliding fiames is then operated to raise said sliding
hames and the lower saws and fansverse cutters, and, at the same time, to
lepress the sliding frames which support the upper transverse cutters
The transverse cutters which form the ends of the sockets may be inclined
to the plane of the window stile, thereby producing bevelled end surfaces of the
pockets and of its filling piece, and such inclined anangement of the cutters
may be employed in the machine described, if prefered
Another form of machine devised by me for the same purpose as that heieto-
fore described embraces the general features of construction contained in the
machine hereinbefore set forth, together with improvements and additional in-
ventions The improvements to be now described have for theu objects, first, a
construction in which a cucular saw on a pair of cucula anws may be employed
for making the side or lengthwise cut or cuts: second, the separation of the
operation of making the end cuts from that of cutting the side cut or cuts whereby

page_text: a machine may be adapted for making the end cuts alone, (the side cut or
cuts being previously or subsequently made by another machine), and whereby
the machine, when organized to perform both operations, one after the other, the
convertibility of the machine to one adapted for either the end cutting of pockets
and the like on to the uses of a general sawing, machine may be more readily
effected; thud, the convertibility of the machine into a table sawing machine,
and, fourth, a simple and better construction of devices for gauging the cross
cutteis
In the machine herembefore described the side cutters are descubed as having
a straight form and as having a lengthwise reciprocating motion
In the con-
stiuction now being described the side cutters air cucular saws having a move-
ment in then own planes whereby they may be forced through the stile at the
proper point for the formation of the pocket, the stile being given lengthwise
motion to extend the length of the side cuts, if requied This improvement
enables the cutting of pockets out of stuff much thicker than can be advan
tageously cut by straight, toothed cutters and therefore enlarges the range of
usefulness of the machine The machine first above described 18 adapted only for
cutting pockets, but the present machine is convertible into a general sawing
machine, being constructed with a movable part or parts by which the circular
saw 18 exposed in position for other purposes than pocket cutting This last
mentioned improvement has no relation to the use of the machine as a pocket
cutter, but it is a possibility resulting directly from the use of a cucular saw
01 saws in the machine for making the side cut or cuts of the pocket
Said
In this instance, the machine frame is provided with a separate and relatively
movable top fiame composed of end castings joined by parallel bais A table is
secured upon the top of the main fiame, and said table has a lengthwise open-
ing therein directly beneath the opening between the parallel bais of the top
fame, said table forming a support upon which the stile or other stuff to be
operated upon may be moved or held in the operation of the machine
table may, if desued, be made either in a single piece with an opening therein,
or of two pieces having a space or opening between them A main diving shaft
is mounted crosswise of the machine in suitable bearings on the frame, said
shaft having upon its projecting ends fast and loose pulleys and between its
ends a belt pulley. A iigid vibratory saw frame is hung at one end upon the
diving shaft and has its other end extended upwards in an inclined duection,
80 that such fiee end may ise and fall within the main fiame, when the saw
fame is swung on the diving shaft In the free end of the saw frame 18
mounted a horizontal saw aiboi arranged parallel with the driving shaft, and
upon this arbor are secured one or two cucular saws, which, when two are
emploved, are separated by a space equal to the width of the stile pocket to be
cut. The saws are arranged to use through the space in the table when acting
upon the stile resting on said table and are adjustable on the aiboi by the ususal
means to permit the cutting of pockets of different widths, or for other purposes.
The saw a boi 18 provided with a belt pulley over which a suitable belt passes
from the pulley on the main driving shaft A pivoted foot lever is connected by
a stiff rod with the fice end of the saw frame, by means of which level the
operator may aise the saws through the table and into the stile or other stuff
resting thereon; the saws being held thus elevated while the stile is moved length-
wise against the saws when the cuts to be made therein are required to be
longer than will be made by the elevation of the saws alone The saw trame
may descend and retract the sawa by its own weight or other wase
This machine is provided with two lower cross cutters and two upper cross
cutters for cutting the ends of the stale pockets These cutters are toothed, as
before described, and are given reciprocatory motion in the own plane by the
following means: A rotating horizontal shaft is situated near the back of the
machine in or near the plane of the table, and is given its motion by a twist of the
belt trained over the pulley thereon and a pulley on the main shaft. Four eccen-

page_text: trics are secured on the cutter actuating shaft. These eccentrics are arranged in
two pans separated on the shaft by a distance equal to the proposed length
of the pocket to be cut, and the eccentrics of each pai
are pre-
ferably arranged oppositely as to then thiow The eccentrics are
severally connected with the upper and lowe tiansveise cutters by
means of pitmen which are given downwardly and upwardly curved forms for
the purpose of giving space between them for the table and the work thereon
'i he said cross cutters are fed into the stile and retracted therefiom by connec-
tion of the free ends of the pitmen with cranks or eccentrics mounted on oscilla-
toly o lock shafts aanged respectively below and above the cross cutters.
Describing the construction of said eccentrics, the same are placed on said rock
shafts, one above each of the upper pitmen and on below each lower one, the
upper and lower eccenties being aanged oppositely as to their throw 'The box
straps of the lower eccentrics connect with the extremities of the lower pitmen
through the medium of aims and those of the upper eccentrics similaily connect
with the upper pitmen through similar aims By these aims oscillation of the
1ock shafts will obviously foice the cross cutters into a stile to make the end
cuts of the pockets or retract the cutters after such end cuts have been made.
For the purpose of simultaneously advancing and simultaneously retracting all of
the cross cutters, the lock shafts have secured to then protruding ends at the
head of the machine, pinions or toothed segments, and intermeshing with these
are two other segments of large adius jouinalled on the frame To the latter
o larger segments are secured parallel arms which are connected by a 1od, and
the upper one of the aims 18 provided with a handle by which the operator may
move it and thus simultaneously rock the several segments to oscillate the rock
shafts, and he may thus advance all of the cross cutters into the stile at the same
time in cutting the pocket on he may simultaneously retract them out of the stile
after the cuts have been made
As a modification of the devices described for advancing and retracting the
cross cutters, the lock shafts referred to may be provided with cianks instead
of eccentrics
The length of the pocket cut by the machine may be varied at pleasure by
shifting the positions of the eccentues endwise on the several shafts to which
they are applied or by shifting such of these eccentrics as are concerned in the
operation of the cross cutters at one end only of the pocket To this end said
eccentues will be movably secured to the shafts on which they are mounted by
any familia or suitable means, of which the set Friews illustrated are an example.
The side cut or cuts made by the circular saw 01 saws may of course be given
any desirable length by a lengthwise motion of the stile against said saw oi saws,
when the latter are in action.
The frame of the machine constructed as described affords openings beneath
the top of the fame for the introduction and passage of the stile to be operated
upon as it rests on slides along the table referred to, and the said top frame may
afford a beaning or rest for the upper surface of the stile when subject to pressure
from below, as for example, when the circular saws are being forced upward
through the stile Clamping devices are provided for clamping the stile in
place in the machine while the end cuts in the pockets are being made, such
clamping devices being of such a character that they press upwardly on the
stile against the resistance of the top fiame Said clamping devices emibiace oscil-
lato 1ods 01 1ock shafts arranged transveisely beneath the upper surface of
the table and having their ends projecting at the outside of the said table, where
they are provided with parallel aims on one of which is a handle, said aimis
being connected by a od pivoted to both, so that both of said lock shafts
may be simultaneously oscillated by the operator using the handle end of one of
the aims as a hand level. Said rock shafts are provided, in this instance, with
spurs ananged and operating in the same manner as those of the clamping
devices of the machine herein before described.

page_text: The machine now being descubed is provided with an end stop mechanism
for the adjustment of the stile to position in cutting the pocket, the same being
made as follows A fixed horizontal od oi bai is attached to the end of the
machine frame in line with the table, and on said horizontal rod oi bai is an
apei tured block ananged to slide endwise on said bai In a hole in the said block
18 adjustably secured a rod, the inner end of which is arranged over the table, in
position to be struck by the end of the stile inserted into the machine from its
opposite end or side A lever is pivoted between its ends to the machine fiame
and is provided at its upper end with a slot through which passes a pin oi bolt
that enters the block referred to and thereby enables the lever, when vibiated,
to give movement to the block along its supporting 1od The lower end of the
lever last referred to is connected by a 101 with
the upper part of the
vibrating cucular saw frame As a result of this construction, in raising the
circular saws the lever will be vibrated through its connection with said fiame
in such manner as to throw the sliding block rearward, and in dropping the
saws the block will be moved forward on to its inner position It will be
understood that when the sliding block is in its inner position, or when the saw
hame is down, said block is in proper position to gauge the place of the stile
to receive the end cuts of the pocket The stile 18 thrust endwise into the
machine far enough to commence the side cuts at the lower end of the pocket,
and then, after raising the saws though the stile the latter is pushed further
into the machine and against the saws until the stile stukes the stop or catch
formed by the sliding block referred to The saw frame is then lowered, and in
its descent it causes inward movement of the said sliding block, which pushes
the stile back to the proper position to receive the end cuts
At this point
the stile is clamped in place and the reciprocating end cutters caused to enter
the stile Theu cuts being completed, they are retiacted and the stile is released
fiom its clamps and withdiawn.
It will be observed that the shaft which is connected with and actuates the
upper cross cutters and the part or parts opposed to the clamping spuis, belong
to the movable top fiame refered to For the purpose of exposing the circulai
baws suitably for general or special use other than that of making the side cut or
cuts of pockets, the top-fiame is made removable away from the main frame or fiom
over the table, and, to give ready convertibility back to a pocket cutter, said top
frame 18 hinged to the main frame on the rotary shaft which actuates the cross
cutters as an axis Thus connected, the top hame may be raised or thrown
backward away from the table and held in such position by a detachably secured
biace ed or other suitable means, during the use of the machine for mere saw-
ing purposes, and said top fiame may be quickly lowered from its elevated posi-
tion when the machine is to be again used for pocket cutting To fiee the top
frame in order that it may be raised as described the rod which connects the
segments through which the cross cutters are advanced to their ork and re-
tracted therefiom, may be detached at its upper end from the level to which it
18 connected, and any fastenings emploved to secure the top fiame to the main
frame released The belt which dives the actuating shaft in the cross cutters
should also be thrown off A suitable form of fastening for holding the top tame
to the main frame, when the machine is in use as a pocket cutter, consists of a
lug depending from the top fiame close to the main frame and a bolt or pin
passing through the lug into the main fiume
1
1
n
1
1000
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Machines for Making Window Stile Pockets.
I, FRANCIS VORBURGH PHILLIPs, of La Grange, in the County of Cook and
State of Illinois, United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement
11
This invention contemplates a machine for forming "pockets" in a window
frame by first, a side cut or cuts parallel with the edges of the stile to sever
the pocket laterally from the body of the stile, second, two off-set end cuts
at each end of the pocket extending inward to a plane within the stile between its
broad surfaces, and, thud, fractures of the wood with its grain, which fractures
connect the off-set end-cuts at each end of the pocket, the end cuts made from
the front surface of the stile being farther apart than those made from the back
side, so that the pocket piece is removable outwardly when the fiame is in place
in the building,
My invention 18 herein presented in two forms One form of machine ein-
bodying my invention has a frame of rectangular form, in which frame, and
transversely thereto, is arranged a continuously rotating during shaft, Mounted
on the frame is a horizontally aanged, longitudinally reciprocating frame which
18 operated from an eccentric on the diving shaft and which canes parallels
by which the side or longitudinal cuts are made in a stile. The recipro-
cating saw frame refered to is mounted to slide upon fixed longitudinal bars
supported at their ends in vertically sliding frames arranged at opposite ends
of the machine. Each vertically sliding frame is also provided with a toothed
rack which engages a pinion on a longitudinal shaft that 18 mounted on cross
bars of the main frame and is provided with a hand lever by which the shafts
and pinions may be rotated and the vertically sliding frames iaised and lowered
at pleasure.
The machine is also provided with transversely reciprocating saws or cutlers
which make the transverse cuts on the under or back side of the window fiamo
stile, and with other similar cutters which make similar cuts in the upper
surface of the stile Both sets of these cutters are mounted on guide bars.
l'he guide bar which carries the cutters for the under side of the stile is arranged
to slide in bearings on the fame which canes the saws for making the side
cuts, so that when the latter saws are raised the lower cutters will also ascend
The guide bais which carry the upper transverse cutters are mounted to recipro-
cate in suitable bearings formed in brackets on a longitudinally arranged bar
which is attached at its ends to vertically sliding frames which are fitted to
rise and fall in the end uprights of the main fiame Each of the frames which
supports the guide bais of the upper cutters is provided with a toothed jack
which engages a pinion on the same shaft which operates in the vertically sliding
frame by which the saws for making the side cuts are supported By reason of
his arrangement, when the said shafts and pinions are oscillated by the hand
level used to move them so 0.3 to aise the longitudinal S&WS and
lower transverse cutters, the upper transverse cutters are simultaneously
made to descend, and Ire versa. Inasmuch
the longitudinal
80W8 are called 011 to cul entirely through the window frame stile,
while the transverse cutters each cut only part way through from the opposite
sides, the two lower transverse cutters are adjusted below the longitudinal saws,
so that the movement of the latter, which will carry them eutnely through
the stile, will carry the lower transverse cutters only part way through

page_text: the stile. Correspondingly, the upper cutters are adjusted in position to strike
and begin to cut into the upper surface of the stile only when the longitudinal
saws shall have cut only part way through the stile.
The lower transverse cutters are reciprocated in a direction tiansverse to the
duection of movement of the longitudinal saws by the provision of obliquely
slotted projections at the ends of the saw frames, which projections are provided
with slots engaging depending studs attached to the guide bars which support
the lower transveise cutters. Reciprocatory motion is imparted to the sup
porting bars of the upper cutters from the supporting bars of
the lowers cutters through the medium of centrally pivoted levers,
which are mounted to vibrate upon centrally fixed pivots on the main frame,
said levers having slots which are engaged by sliding blocks having pivotal con-
nection with the adjacent reciprocating supporting bars by which the transverse
cutters are supported By this arrangement the reciprocation of the guide bais
for the lower saws communicates motion to the said slotted and centrally pivoted
lever, in tuin, communicates reciprocating motion In opposite directions
to the supporting bar of the upper cutter
A new feature of my invention consists in the provision of a guide for a
stile having a stop groove therein The window stile is commonly provided with
a stop groove before the pocket is cut therein, and the pocket necessarily bears a
definite relation to said stop groove It is well known that window stiles are not
accurately of the same width and that, if gauged on guided as to their position
in the machine by their edges, the pocket 18 liable to be inaccurately situated
with reference to the stop oi stop groove I have therefore devised a guide or
gauge adapted to enter and engage the groove instead of engaging either edge of
que stile
As window frame stiles are nights and lefts, however, two of these
groove engaging sides are provided at a proper distance apart and they are
adapted to be alternately used or disused by giving movability to said guides or
gauges by which one may be held in a retracted position while the other is in
position for action
As applied to this particular machine, the guiding or gauging devices reforred
to are arranged and supported as follows: Two cross bais are arranged upon the
machine above the window stiles, one near each end of the machine and in such
position that the upper plane surface of the window stile bears against the
same when said stile is being operated upon Pivoted upon each of these cross
vais are two depending gauges so aanged that they may be raised and lowered.
There being but one stop groove in each frame stile, when the stile is shoved
into the machine lengthwise fiom one end of the machine the proper one of
the adjacent guides is allowed to enter the groove and the other gauge of each
bai is pushed upwards and rides upon the ungrooved surface of the stile One
of the gauges at each end of the machine will therefore be brought into use
in cutting the pocket of the night hand stile, and the opposite gauge will be
similarly brought into use in cutting the pockets of a left hand stile The
said gauge may be thrown or held down by means of springs acting in aid of
then gravity; but it is to be understood that either giavity or a spring or
both may be emploved, as prefened. for holding the gauges in then operative
positions
For supporting the stile while being operated upon, I place upon the machine
frame a supporting frame of rectangular centrally open form The frame of the
stile is inserted in the machine lengthwise above the supporting frame and below
the cross bais on which the gauges are mounted, and the longitudinal saws and
lower transverse cutters work upwardly through the centrally open space of said
supporting frame into the stile. The said fiame may be provided with a hori-
zontally adjustable stop against which the end of the frame stile may be pushed
wien putting it into the machine
The holding devices for the frame stile are provided as follows: At each end of
the supporting frame referred to 18 mounted a transveisely arranged rod upon

page_text: which and beneath the middle of the window stile are secured pointed spurs.
The said rods have an oscillatory movement, by which the said spurs may be
thrown into an inclined position to permit the ready insertion of the window
stile, and may be brought upward against and into the under or back side of the
window stile, both to press it firmly against the cross bars referred to and to
secure it fixedly in place while the saws and cutters are at work. The two spur
carrying rods may be oscillated simultaneously by means of two levers attached
thereto and connected by a rod adapted to transmit motion from one of the levers
to the other An extension of one of said levers affords a hand hold or hand
lever by which both rods may be actuated. A stop or stops 18 provided in some
suitable place to limit the throw of said levels and the oscillation of said rods
carrying the spurs.
The longitudinal saws herein before referred to are more properly chisels or
plows, being provided with senations on teeth which are severally piovided with
chisel edges, the edges of half of said teeth being retracted toward one end of
the cutter and on the other half toward the other end These teeth have no set,
but the plate of which these saws is made is desirably thicker at the edges of the
teeth than at the back or bottom edge of the plate, to give the desued clearance.
The said teeth are separated by deep recesses to allow passage for, and to
receive, the shavings produced by the cutting edges. The shavings pass out
through these recesses during the first part of the work and accumulate therein
during the remainder of the work, falling out readily when the saw 18 withdrawn
from the keif after the pocket has been cut The said saws having the free
ond of the plows or points constructed to operate over and clear of the lower
transverse cutters and to reach the planes of the upper transveise cutters in
order that the pocket pieces may be laterally severed entirely from the stile,
leaving nothing to be done to wholly detach the pocket piece except to break
the wood midway the thickness of the stile between the bottoms of the cuts
produced by the transveise cutters
The operation of the machine thus described 18 as follows: The frame stile 18
thrust into the machine lengthwise, with the stop groove in said stile in line
with the proper one of the guides at that end of the machine so that said gauge
and the corresponding one at the opposite end of the machine will enter and
occupy said stop groove The hand level which actuates the spur shaft will then
be thrown to bring the spurs upwardly against and into the under surface of
the stile, forcing the latter firmly against the under surface of the cross bars
and holding it igidly in position. The saws being continuously in motion, the
hand level which moves the sliding frames is then operated to iaise said sliding
frames and the lower saws and transverse cutters, and, at the same time, to
depress the sliding frames which support the upper transverse cutters.
The transverse cutters which forin the ends of the sockets may be inclined
to the plane of the window stile, thereby producing bevelled end surfaces of the
pockets and of its filling piece, and such inclined anangement of the cutters
may be employed in the machine described, if preferied
Another form of machine devised by me for the same purpose as that hereto-
fore described embraces the general features of construction contained in the
machine herein before set forth, together with improvements and additional in-
ventions The improvements to be now descubed have for then objects, first, a
construction in which a cucular saw on a pan of cucular saws may be employed
for making the sule o lengthwise cut or cuts: second, the separation of the
operation of making the end cuts from that of cutting the side cut or cuts whereby
a machine may be adapted for making the end cuts alone, (the side cut or
cuts being previously or subsequently made by another machine), and whereby
the machine, when organized to perform both operations, one after the other, the
convertibility of the machine to one adapted for either the end cutting of the pockets
and the like or to the uses of a general sawing machine may be more readily
effected; third, the convertibility of the machine into a table sawing machine,

page_text: and, fourth, a simple and better construction of devices for gauging the cross
cutters
In the machine here before described the side cutters are shown as having
a straight form and as having a lengthwise reciprocating motion. In the con-
struction now being described the side cutters are circular saws having a move-
ment in then own planes whereby they may be forced through the stile at the
proper point for the formation of the pocket, the stile being given lengthwise
motion to extend the length of the side cuts, if required This improvement
enables the cutting of the pockets out of stuff much thicker than can be advan-
tageously cut by straight, toothed cutters and therefore enlarges the range of
usefulness of the machine The machine first above described 18 adapted only for
cutting pockets, but the present machine 18 convertible into a general sawing
machine, being constructed with a movable part or parts by which the circular
saw is exposed in position for other purposes than pocket cutting This last
mentioned improvement has no relation to the use of the machine as a pocket
cutter, but it is a possibility resulting duectly from the use of a enculai saw
oi saws in the machine for making the side cut or cuts of the pocket
Said
In this instance, the machine frame is provided with a separate and relatively
movable top frame composed of end castings joined by parallel bars
A table 18
secured upon the top of the main frame, and said table has a lengthwise open-
ing therein directly beneath the opening between the parallel bars of the top
frame, said table forming a support upon which the stile or other stuff to be
operated upon may be moved or held in the operation of the machine
table may, if desired, be made either in a single piece with an opening therein,
or of two pieces having a space or opening between them. A main driving shaft
18 mounted crosswise of the machine in suitable bearings on the frame, said
shaft having upon its projecting ends fast and loose pulleys and between its
ends a belt pulley A gid vibratory saw fiame is hung at one end upon the
diving shaft and has its other end extended upwards in an inclined direction,
so that such fiee end may 11se and fall within the main frame, when the saw
frame 18 swung on the driving shaft In the free end of the saw frame 18
mounted a horizontal saw arbor arranged parallel with the driving shaft, and
upon this arbor are secured one or two circular saws, which, when two are
employed, are separated by a space equal to the width of the stile pocket to be
cut The saws are arranged to rise through the space in the table when acting
upon the stile resting on said table and are adjustable on the arbor by the usual
means to permit the cutting of pockets of different widths, or for other purposes
The saw ai bor 18 provided with a belt pulley over which a suitable belt passes
from the pulley on the main driving shaft. A pivoted foot lever is connected by
a stiff rod with the fiee end of the saw fiame, by means of which lever the
operator may raise the saws through the table and into the stile or other stuff
resting thereon; the sawe being held thus elevated while the stile is moved length-
wise against the saws when the cuts to be made therein are required to be
longer than will be made by the elevation of the saws alone The saw frame
may descend and retract the saws by its own weight or other wise
This machine 18 provided with the two lower cross cutters and two upper closs
cutters for cutting the ends of the stile pockets These cutters are toothed, as
before described, and are given reciprocatory motion in their own plane by the
following means A 1otating horizontal shaft 18 situated near the back of the
machine in or near the plane of the table, and is given its motion by a twist of the
belt trained over the pulley thereon and a pulley on the main shaft
Fou eccen-
tics are secured on the cutter actuating shaft These eccenties are ananged in
two pairs separated on the shaft by a distance equal to the proposed length
of the pocket to be cut, and the eccentrics of each pan are pre-
ferably arranged oppositely as to then throw The eccentrics ale
severally connected with the upper and lower transveise cutters by
means of pitmen which are given downwardly and upwardly curved forms for

page_text: the purpose of giving space between them for the table and the work thereon.
The said cross cutters are fed into the stile and retracted therefrom by connec-
tion of the free ends of the pitmen with cranks or eccentrics mounted on oscilla-
tory or rock shafts arranged respectively below and above the cross cutters.
Describing the construction of said eccentrics, the same are placed on said rock
shafts, one above each of the upper pitmen and one below each lower one, the
upper and lower eccentrics being arranged oppositely as to their throw The box
straps of the lower eccentrics connect with the extremities of the lower pitmen
through the medium of arms and those of the upper eccentrics similarly connected
with the upper pitmen through similar arms By these arms oscillation of the
rock shafts will obviously force the cross cutters into a stile to make the end
cuts of the pockets on retract the cutters after such end cuts have been made.
For the purpose of simultaneously advancing and simultaneously retracting all of
the cross cutters, the rock shafts have secured to then protruding ends at the
head of the machine, pinions or toothed segments, and inter meshing with these
are two other segments of larger radius journaled on the fiame To the latter
or larger segments are secured parallel aims which are connected by a 10d, and
the upper one of the aims is provided with a handle by which the operator may
move it and thus simultaneously 1ock the several segments to oscillate the 1ock
shafts, and he may thus advance all of the cross cutteis into the stile at the same
time in cutting the pocket or he may simultaneously retract them out of the stile
after the cuts have been made
As a modification of the devices described for advancing and retracting the
cross cutters, the rock shafts referred to may be provided with clanks instead
of eccentrics
The length of the pocket cut by the machine may be varied at pleasure by
shifting the positions of the eccentrics endwise on the several shafts to which
they are applied on by shifting such of these eccentrics as are concerned in the
operation of the cross cutters at one end only of the pocket To this end said
eccentrics will be movably secured to the shafts on which they are mounted by
any familiar or suitable means. The side cut or cuts made by the circular saw o
saws may of course be given any desirable length by a lengthwise motion of the
stile against said saw or saws, when the latter are in action
The frame of the machine constructed as described affords openings beneath
the top of the frame for the introduction and passage of the stile to be operated
upon as it rests or slides along the table referred to, and the said top frame may
afford a bearing or rest for the upper surface of the stile when subject to pressure
from below, as for example, when the cucular saws are being forced upward
through the stile. Clamping devices are provided for clamping the stile in
place in the machine while the end cuts in the pockets are being made, such
clamping devices being of such a character that they press upwardly on the
stile against the resistance of the top frame Said clamping devices embrace oscil-
latory 1ods or 1ock shafts aanged transversely beneath the upper surface of
the table and having then ends projecting at the outside of said table, where
they are provided with parallel aims on one of which is a handle, said aims
being connected by a rod pivoted to both, so that both of said och shafis
may be simultaneously oscillated by the operator using the handle end of one of
the aims as a hand lever Said rock shafts are provided, in this instance, with
spurs aanged and operating in the same manuel as those of the clamping
devices of the machine herein before described.
The machine now being described is provided with an end stop mechanism
for the adjustment of the stile to position in cutting the pocket, the same heig
made as follows A fixed horizontal rod or bar is attached to the end of the
machine frame in line with the table, and on said horizontal 1od or bar is att
apertured block arranged to slide endwise on said bar In a hole in the said block
is adjustably secured a rod, the inner end of which is arranged over th⚫ table, in
position to be struck by the end of the stile inserted into the machine from its

page_text: opposite end or side
A lever 18 pivoted between its ends of the machine frame
and is provided at its upper end with a slot through which passes a pin or bolt
that enters the block icteried to and thereby enables the lever, when vibrated,
to give movement to the block along its supporting rod The lower end of the
lever last referred to is connected by a rod with the
upper part of the
vibrating cucular saw frame As a result of this construction, in raising the
circular saws the lever will be vibrated through its connection with said hame
in such manner as to throw the sliding block rearward, and in dropping the
saws the block will be moved forward on to its innci position. It will be
understood that when the sliding block is in its inner position, or when the saw
frame is down, said block 18 in proper position to gauge the place of the stile
to receive the end cuts of the pocket. The stile is thrust endwise into the
machine far enough to commence the side cuts at the lower end of the pocket,
and then, after raising the saws through the stile the latter 18 pushed further
into the machine and against the saws until the stile strikes the stop or catch
formed by the sliding block referred to The saw frame is then lowered, and in
its descent it causes inward movement of the said sliding block, which pushes
the stile back to the proper position to receive the end cuts
At this point
the stile 18 clamped in place and the reciprocating end cutters caused to enter
tne stile
Their cuts being completed, they are retiacted and the stile is released
from its clamps and withdrawn
It will be observed that the shaft which is connected with and actuates the
upper cross cutters and the part or parts opposed to the clamping spurs, belong
to the movable top fame referied to. For the purpose of exposing the enculai
saws suitable for general or special use other than that of making the side cut or
outs of pockets, the top fiame is made removable away from the main frame or from
over the table, and to give ready convertibility back to a pocket cutter, said top
frame is hinged to the main frame on the rotary shaft which actuates the clos8
cutters as an axis Thus connected, the top frame may be raised or thrown
backward away from the table and held in such position by detachably sccured
brace rod or other suitable means, during the use of the machine for mele saw-
ing purposes, and said top fiame may be quickly lowered from its elevated posi-
tion when the machine 18 to be again used for pocket cutting To fiee the top
frame in order that it may be raised as described the 1od which connects the
segments through which the cross cutters are advanced to thou work and re-
tracted therefiom, may be detached at its upper end from the lever to which it
18 connected, and any fastenings employed to secure the top frame to the main
frame released. The belt which dives the actuating shaft in the cross cutters
should also be thrown off A suitable form of fastening for holding the top fiame
to the main fiame, when the machine 18 in use as a pocket cutter, consists of a
lug depending from the top fiame close to the main frame and a bolt on pin
passing through the lug into the main frame
In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate my present invention and
improvements in the two forms herein before referred to
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a machine for cutting the pockets in window
frames constructed in the manner first herein before described
Figure 2 is a central vertical longitudinal section thereof in the line 2-2 of
Figure 3.
Figure 3 is an end view of the machine, representing that end of the machine
which 18 in view in Figure 1
Figures 4 to 19 are details showing the various parts of the machine in various
views.
Figure 20 illustrates the kind of window frame pocket the machine is intended
to cut
Figure 21 is a rear side view of the second form of machine for the same
purpose herein before referred to
Figure 22 is a top view thereof.

page_text: Figure 23 18 a front elevation.
Figure 24 is a transverse vertical section on the line 24-24 of Figure 21.
Figure 25 18 an enlargement of certain details in side view.
Figure 26 shows a modification of certain connections.
Fist describing the construction illustrated in Figures 1 to 20 of the drawings
by reference to these figures, A represents the fiame of the machine, which 18 of
rectangular form. In this frame is the transversely arranged, continuously
rotating diving-shaft B.
C 18 a horizontally arranged longitudinally-reciprocating frame carrying
parallel saws CC, the said frame and saws being shown detached and in ade
view in Figure 5, detached and in plan view in Figure 6, in perspective in Figure 7
and in place in Figures 2 and 3. Said saw frame C is mounted to slide upon
fixed longitudinal bars C C, appropriately supported at their ends in vertically-
sliding frames D D), airanged at opposite ends of the machine, one of said sliding
fames D being shown detached in Figure 9. Said frames D slide in appropiate
grooves a a in the uprights of the frame A, as sufficiently indicated in Figure 2,
Each of the sliding frames D 18 provided with a rack d, and with these racks
engage pinions e e, rigidly secured to a longitudinal shaft E, that has fixed
bearings at el in the cross-bars of the main frame A and is provided with a hand
lever E', by which said pinions may be rotated and the frames D D, with the
saws C¹ C, raised and lowered at pleasure
FF represents the transveisely-reciprocating saws or cutters which make the
transverse cuts on the under or back side of the window-frame stile, and F¹ F¹ are
similar cutters which make the simular cuts in the upper surface of the stile
These cutters F and F are here shown as being mounted on rectangular bais 1ª F³,
as seen in Figure 13, the bar F carrying the cutter I and the bar F3 carrying the
cutter F¹ at each end of the pocket The bar F 18 arranged to slide in bearings f
in the parallel bars C of the fame which carries the saws C¹, so that when
the saws C are raised the cutters Falso ascend. The bais Fare mounted to
reciprocate in bearings in brackets f, secured to a longitudinally arranged
bar F. This bar F is connected at its ends to the upper cross-piece of vertically
sliding frames D', fitted to rise and fall in the end uprights of the main frame
alongside the vertically-sliding frames D¹ is shown detached in Figure 8, and,
as indicated in said Figure 8 and also in Figures 1 and 3, each of said frames D'
is provided with a rack d', which engages the adjacent pinion e on the shaft F,
but on the opposite side of said pinion from the rack & that belongs to the sliding
frame D When the shaft E and pinions e are oscillated by the lever E¹ to raise
the saws C and transverse cutters F, the cutters F1 are simultaneously lowered,
and vice versa The longitudinal saws C cut entirely through the window-frame
stile and the saws or cutters F and F each cut only part way through from
opposite sides. The lower cutters F F are adjusted below the saws C¹, so that a
movement of the latter which will cally them entirely through the stile will
earry the cutters F only part way through said stile Correspondingly the cutters
aie adjusted in position to strike and begin to cut into the upper surface of the
stile only when the saws C shall have cut part way through said stile Usually
the cutters F F are made to cut to the plane of the bottom of the stop-groove in
the stile.
The cutters F F are reciprocated transversely to the direction of movement of
the saws C by the provision of the obliquely-slotted projections C³ at the ends
of the saw-frame C, into the slots c of which projections depend the atud f³, which
are attached to the bais F of the lower cross-cutters F Reciprocating motion 18
imparted to the upper bars F fom the lower bais F through the medium of
centrally-pivoted levers G G, one of which is distinctly shown in Figure 13.
Each of said levels G is mounted to vibiate upon the centially-fixed pirot g,
connecting suitably with the main frame, and is provided with slots g¹ g', in each
of which works a sliding block g³, having pivotal connection with the adjacent
reciprocating saw-bais FF, as also plainly shown in Figure 13. The recipro-

page_text: cation of the saw-bars F' therefore communicates vibratory movement to the
slotted and centrally pivoted lever G, which in tuin communicates reciprocating
motion in opposite directions to the saw-bai F, and the length of the reciproca-
tory movement or the throw of the cutters and is preserved uniform
through a variation in the vibratory throw of the lever G, due to the movement
of the slides g g toward of fiom its central pivot
A guide or gauging device for the stile is seen in place in the machine m
Figures 1 and 3 of the drawings and detached and in detail in Figures 16, 17, 18
and 19. H H, Figures 2 and 3 are cross-bars arranged one neat each end of the
machine, against which the upper planed surface of the window stile bears
when the latter is being operated upon Connected with each of these cross-
bais H H are two depending gauges I I, pivoted or otherwise made movable, 80
that they may be raised and lowered. As here illustrated they depend from
opposite sides of a rectangular projection h belonging to the cross-bais H, and,
as better shown in Figures 16 and 19, each is mounted to vibrate on a separate
short stud or pivot I, which is clamped to the fixed projection h by means of a
clamping-cap and bolt he, Figure 16 This permits the gauge to be readily re-
placed by others of different width to fit the stop-grooves of different frame-
stiles. There being but one stop-groove in each fame-stile, when the stile is
shoved into the machine lengthwise from one end of the machine, the proper one of
the adjacent gauges I is allowed to enter the groove and the other gauge of each
pair is pushed upwards and 1ides upon the ungrooved surface of the stile. One of
the gauges I at each end of the machine will therefore he brought into use in
cutting the pocket of the night-hand stile and the opposite gauge will be simi-
larly brought into use in cutting the pocket of the left-hand stile
As illustrated in Figures 16 to 19, inclusive of the drawings, the gauges I
are thrown or held down by means of springs 1, acting in aid of their gravity
It is manifest that in the depending arrangement of the said gauges, here illus-
trated in a machine in which the frame-stile occupies a horizontal plane, a con-
sti uction or form of said gauges in which gravity will be sufficient for their
depression may be easily made, and it is to be understood that either gravity or
a spring, or both, may be used, as preferred It is also to be understood that the
gauges for entering the stop-groove of the frame stile and gauging the position of
the stile in the machine for any purpose being new I do not lunit myself to the
form or movement of such gauges, then form and movement being manifestly
variable without in any way modifying their essential function in the machine.
The cross-bais H H are desirably suspended from brackets H', which are adjus-
tably secured to the main frame of the machine, as seen clearly in Figure 2
saws
Jis a frame which is of the rectangular centially open form shown in the
detached Figure 4 and in longitudinal section in Figure 2 The fiame stile 18
inserted into the machine lengthwise above the frame J and below the cross-bai H,
and the saws C and F work upwardly through the central open space of said
frame into the stile, as indicated in Figures 2 and 3 Sin Figure 3 indicating
ae frame-stile secured in position in the machine preparatory to operating the
J, Figure 2, is a hoizontally-adjustable stop against which the end of the
frame-stile may be pushed in putting it into the machine Said stop J is not
a necessity, since precisely accurate location of the stile-pocket 18 not important.
At each end of the frame J and in projecting lugs thereon (best seen in
Figure 4) is mounted a rod J², in which and beneath the middle of the window-
stile are secured pointed spurs . The rod by an oscillatory movement thereof
may throw the spurs into the inclined position shown in Figure 2 01 bring the
spurs upward against and into the under or back side of the window-stile both
to press it firmly against the cross-bars H and to secure it fixedly in place while
the saws or cutters C, F and F are at work. The two spui-carrying rods Ja are
oscillated simultaneously by means of the levers J3 J3, connected by the rod J
one of said levers being prolonged to give a handhold, as indicated in Figures 2
and 4.

page_text: The spurs may project unequally on opposite sides of the rod J' as indicated
in Figures 2 and 4, so that by readjusting the rods J in the levers J3 to bring
the opposite ends of the spurs uppermost the same double-pointed spurs may be
made to serve for stiles of different thicknesses
A stop or stops as 1, Figure 1, should be provided in some suitable place
to limit the throw of said levers and the oscillation of the rods J, said stop
being shown in position to engage with the connecting-rod J* for this purpose.
The use of the spuis mounted in oscillating 1ods Ja as a means for engaging and
holding the window-stile to the superposed cross-bars H results in a retraction of
the frame-stile backwardly from the end stop J', (when the latter 18 employed,)
and said stop should, therefore, be placed correspondingly farther back than
the desired position of the stile when being cut Spurs may manifestly be other-
wise mounted to press upwardly and into the back or under side of the frame-
stile, and change in this particular is also not to be regarded as a departure
from this part of my invention
The longitudinal cutters C, are provided with teeth C, which have chisel
edges, half of said edges being directed toward one end of the cutter and the
other half toward the other end. The teeth C, each having two oppositely-
dnected cutting edges, as shown are separated by deep recesses c³ to allow
passage for and to receive the shavings produced by the cutting edges.
The saws or cutters C¹ have then end plows or points constructed, as shown, to
project over and clear of the lower cross-cutters F and each the planes of the
upper cutters F¹, in order that the pocket-pieces may be laterally severed entirely
from the stile
The operation of the machine thus described is readily understood. A fiamic-
stile is thrust into the machine endwise in the direction indicated by the arrow S¹
applied to Figure 2, with the stop-groove in said stile in line with the proper one
of the adjacent gauges I, so that said gauge and the corresponding one at the
opposite end of the machine will enter and occupy said stop-groove. The hand-
lever J18 then thrown to bring the spurs upwardly against and into the
under surface of the stile, forcing the latter fimly against the under surface of
the cross-bais H and holding it rigidly in position The saws being continuously
in motion, the hand-lever E¹ 18 then operated to raise the sliding frames D¹ and
the lower saws I' The adjustment of the cross-bais H H being such that the saws
F and F will each pass to the plane of the bottom of the stop-groove in the
stile at the time the saws C will have passed through it the pocket will have been
cut on all sides while yet being retained integrally with the stile at the points
between the bottoms of the several end cuts thus produced
Detail construction of the end slides D and D' and of then sliding engage-
ment with each other and with the uprights of the main fiame are shown in
Figures 10, 11 and 12, in which the frame D has bearing on all sides in the said
uprights, while the frame 1' has bearing on two sides with surfaces of the frame D
and on one side only with a surface of the said uprights of the main frame This
18 convenient and desirable, though not a necessary construction
Figures 14 and 15 are shown details of construction in devices relating to the
attachment of the cross-cutters F and F¹ and including a mode of connecting the
studs with the lower reciprocating bar F These are shown as convenient and
desirable construction, but they also may be varied without departure from
my invention
The cross-cutters which sever on form the ends of the pocket may be inclined
to the plane of the window-stile, producing bevelled end surfaces of the pocket
and of its filling-piece In the machine as here shown these cutters are in planes
at right angles to the surfaces of the window-stile The latter construction of
the machine and of the end pocket is now believed to be the better, though the
inclined arrangement of the cutters may be herein employed, if preferred
Now describing the form of the machine illustrated in Figures 21 to 26 of the
accompanying diawings said machine 18 made as follows

page_text: Ain said Figures 21 to 26 represents the main fame of the machine, said fiame
being preferably rectangular and oblong in form, as shown A represents a
separate and relatively-movable top frame composed of end castings a a, joined
by the parallel bars a¹ a¹, separated by the openings a
represents a table which is secured upon the top of the main frame A, with
à suitable lengthwise opening a³ therein directly beneath the opening a between
the bars a, this table A forming a support upon which the stile or other stuff
to be operated may be moved or held (as the case may be) in operating thereon
Said table may of comse, if desued, be made either in a single piece, with the
opening a formed therein, or of two parts having such a space oi opening hetween
them.
Bepresents the main diving shaft, said shaft being mounted crosswise of the
machine in suitable bearings bb It is here shown situated near the head of the
machine (where the operator stands,) but it may be at or near the opposite end,
if preferred This shaft has upon its projecting extremuty the fast and loose
pullers 6 6, which should be adapted for a four-inch driving-belt. Between its
ends 18 the belt-pulley b
C is a gid vibratory fiame having its axis upon the diving-shaft B and
having its fiee end extended upward in the inclined position shown in Figure 21
and adapted to 118e and fall within the main fiame A Upon such free end of the
vibratory frame C 18 mounted a horizontal saw-arbor c, arranged parallel with the
driving-shaft B, and upon the projecting end of this aboi are secured in the
usual or any suitable way one or two circular saws C¹, which (when two
are employed) are separated by a space equal to the width of the stile-pocket to
be cut The saws Care arranged to rise through the space a³ of the table As
when acting upon the stile resting upon said table and are adjustable on the arbor o
by the usual means to permit the cutting of pockets of different widths or for
other purposes. The saw albor c 18 provided with a band-pulley c¹, over which
a suitable belt passes from the pulley 68 on the driving shaft B
Crepresents a pivoted foot-lever connected by a stiff rod with the fiee end
of the saw frame C, by means of which lever the operator may raise the saws C¹
through the table A2 and into the stile or other stuff resting thereon
DD iepresents two lower cross-cutters, and D D¹ two upper cross cutters, for
cutting the ends of the stile pocket The cross-cutters D and D' are here shown
as being toothed saws and as being given the necessary reciprocatory movement
in their own planes by the following means
D 18 a 1otating shaft situated near the back of the machine in or near the
plane of the table A³, being given in its motion by a twist belt trained over the
pulley thereon and the pulley b on the shaft B, or otherwise 13 Dare fou
eccentrics secured on said shaft B These eccentrics are arranged in two pairs
separated on the shaft by a distance equal to the proposed length of the pocket
to be cut, and the eccentrics of each pair are preferably arranged oppositely as to
their thiow
D and D³ are pitmen mounted on the eccentrics D³, and at their fice ends
they connect with the cross-cutters D and D', respectively One pitmen D'
proceeds from one of the eccentrics D³ of each pan of the latter to actuate one
of the lower cross-cutte13 D), and, similarly, one pitmen D proceeds from the other
ccrentiic D³ of each pan to actuate one of the upper cross-cutters D' Said pitmen are
given the downwardly and upwardly curved forms shown for the obvious purpose
of clearing the table A2 and super jacent frame bar a¹, below and above which,
respectively, they connect with the cross-cutters.
The cross-cutters D and Dt are fed into the stile and retracted therefrom pre-
ferably by connection of the free ends of the pitman with cranks or eccentrics
on oscillatory shafts arranged, respectively, below and above the cross-cutters, as
best illustrated in Figures 24, 25 and 26 In all figures except Figure 26 eccen-
trics are shown for this purpose, but in Figure 26 cranks take the place of the
eccentrics.

page_text: De is a horizontal shaft mounted in the main frame A some distance below the
table A; and in line with the free ends of the pitmen D or D 18 a like shaft
mounted in the upper part of the top fiame A¹ over the free ends of the pitmen.
Describing the construction in which eccentrics, as distinguished from cranks,
are employed, D8 represents the eccentrics placed on the shafts D and D7, one
above each upper pitman and one below each lower one, the upper and lower
eccentrics being arranged oppositely as to their throw, as plainly shown in
Figure 24 The box straps of the lower eccentrics D³ connect the extremities of
the lower pitmen D through the medium of armis d, and those of the upper eccen-
trics similarly connected with the upper pitmen, through arms By these
means oscillation of the shafts 16 and D will obviously force the cross-cutters
into a stile to make the end cuts of the pocket or retract the cutters after such
end cuts have been made For the purpose of simultaneously advancing and
simultaneously retracting all the cross-cutters the shafts D and D' are shown
as having secured to their protruding ends at the head of the machine pinions
oi toothed segments E E, and intermeshing with these are two segments E¹ E²,
of larger radius, journaled on the frame To these latter segments are secured
parallel arms E3 E, connected by a rod E, the upper one of the aims E3 being pro-
vided with a handle F, by which the operator may move it, and thus simul-
taneously rock the segments E' E to oscillate the shafts D D', and he may thus
advance all the cross-cutters D D into the stile at the same time in cutting the
pocket or he may simultaneously retract them out of the stile after the cuts have
been made
.
In the modification shown in Figure 26 the shafts D and D have secured
therein cranks D D in place of the eccentrics DB, said cianks being con-
nected with the ends of the pitmen 14 15 by means of pivoted 1ods or bais d³ d³
In this case the parallel connected arms E are secured to the front ends of the
snafta D6 D' The crank construction last described is preferable for its greater
simplicity and by reason of the less vertical movement required of the levers E to
give the full desired movements to the cross-cutters
The length of the pocket cut by the machine may be varied at pleasure by shift-
ing the positions of the eccentrics D³ 18 (or of the cranks D used in place of the
eccentrics D) on the several shafts to which they are applied or by shifting such
of these eccentrics as are concerned in the operation of the cross-cutters at one
end only of the pocket To this end said eccentrics and cranks will be movably
secured to the shafts on which they are mounted by any familia or suitable means
of which the set-screws illustrated are an example The side cut or cuts made
by the cucular saw or saws may of course be given any desued length by length-
wise movement of the stile against said saw or saws when the latter are in action.
It will be observed that the machine-fiame affords openings at each end beneatb
the top frame for the introduction and passage of the stile to be operated upon
as it rests or slides along the table A³, and also that the top fiame or the bars a¹ a¹
thereof may afford a bearing or rest for the upper surface of the stile when sub-
ject to pressure from below-as, for example, when the cucular saws are being
forced upward through the stile The device here shown and desnably employed
for clamping the stile in place in the machine while the end cuts of the pockets
are being made also presses upwardly on the stile against the resistance of the
top frame
In the clamping device herein shown Flare oscillatorv 1ods aanged trans-
versely beneath the upper surface of the table A3 and having the ends projecting
at the outside of said table, where they are provided with parallel aims ff, on one
of which 18 a handle f These aims ff are connected by a rod f, pivoted to
both, so that the rods F F may be simultaneously oscillated by the operator using
the handled one of the arms f as a hand-lever Opposite the opening a³ in the
1.able 3 the rods F have each one or more projecting spurs, which by the oscilla-
tion of the rod may be forced upwardly into the under sui face of the stile to
secure it in place or retracted therefom to release it.

page_text: As a means for guiding or adjusting the stile in the machine I prefer to employ
the gauge shown in connection with the machine illustrated in Figures 1 to 20 of
the accompanyings drawings, which gauge enters the stop-groove (which is always
present in the stile) instead of engaging the edge of the stile. The stop-groove
gauge is not shown in Figures 21 to 26, but in its place 18 shown the adjustable
side gauge F1, Figures 22 and 23, which also serves as a general work-gauge when
the machine has been converted into a plain sawing machine, as will be herein-
atter explained
The end stop mechanism for the adjustment of the stile to position in cutting
the pocket is preferably of the following construction
G represents an apertured block adapted to slide upon the fixed horizontal iod
or har g, which is attached to the end of the machine fiame in line with the
table A. In a hole in the block G is adjustably secured a rod G', the inneı end
of which is arranged over the table A2 in position to be struck by the end of a
stile inserted into the machine fiom its opposite end on side
G is a level pivoted between its ends to the machine-fiame and provided at
its upper end with a slot through which passes a pin or bolt g¹, that enters the
block G, and thereby enables the lever when vibrated to give movement to the
block along its support g The lower end of the lever G2 18 connected by a rod g
with the upper part of the cucular-saw fiame C, as clearly shown in Figure 21.
In raising the circular saws, therefore, the lever G will be vibrated to throw the
block Gear waid, and in dropping the sawa said block will be moved forward or
inward to the position it occupies in Figures 21 and 22. It may be understood
that when the block G 18 in its inner position, or, in other words, when the
saw-frame C is down, the adjustable rod G is in proper position to gauge the place
of the stile to receive the end cuts of the porket The stile is thrust endwise into
the machine far enough to commence the side cuts at the lower end of the
pocket, and then after raising the saw or saws C₁ through the stile the latter 18
pushed father into the machine and against the saws until the stile strikes the
stop-gauge G¹ The saw-fame is then lowered or let fall, and in its descent it
causes inward movement of the stop-gauge, which pushes the stile back to the
proper position to receive the end cuts At this point the stile is clamped in place
and the reciprocating end cutters caused to enter the stile Their cuts being
completed, they are retracted and the stile is released from its clamps and with-
diawn
The shaft D', which is connected with the upper-cross-cutters, and the part or
parts opposed to the clamping spurs belong to the top frame A¹
For the pur-
pose of exposing the cncular saw or saws suitably for general or special use other
than that of making the side cut or cute of pockets this top fiame A¹ is made
removably away from the main frame or from over the table A³, and to give ready
convertibility back to a pocket-cutter this is preferably done in the manner
indicated in the drawings, in which it is shown hinged to the main frame on the
1otary shaft Ds as an axis Thus connected, the top fame A¹ may be raised to
the position shown in dotted lines of Figure 3, where it may be temporally
fastened by a detachably-secured brace-1od H during the use of the machine for
mele sawing purposes and from which it may be quickly lowered when the
machine is to be again used for pocket-cutting To fice the top fiame, in
order that it may be raised as described, the 1od F may be detached at its upper
end from the lever E3 and any fastenings emploved to secure the frame A¹ to
the main fiame released The belt which dives the shaft D should also be
thrown off One suitable form of fastening for holding the top fiame to the
main frame A when the machine is in use as a pocket cutter 18 clearly shown in
Figure 23 and consists in a lug or lugs at, depending from the top frame close
to the main frame, and a bolt on pin a, passing through the lug into the main
fiame
It is evident that the detailed mechanism may be widely varied without depar-

page_text: ture from the invention, as well as that certain of the improvements set forth
may be employed without others.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim 18:-
1 In a machine for cutting pockets in a window-frame stile having a longi-
tudinal stop-groove, the combination with a pocket-cutter or cutters, a support
against which the grooved face of the window-stile bears, and means for pressing
the stile against said support, of a laterally-immovable gauge adapted to enter
the stop-groove on the stile for the purpose of insuring the proper position of the
pocket with relation to said stop-groove
2. A machine for cutting right and left window-frame stiles, the combination
with cutting devices of two separately and independently movable gauges located
on opposite sides of the median line of the stile when in position in the machine,
each adapted to separately enter the stop-groove in said stile and be retracted
therefrom, whereby one of said gauges will be brought into operation upon the
right-hand and the other upon the left-hand stile, the other gauge in each case
being retracted out of the way
3 In a machine for cutting night and left window-frame stiles, the combina-
tion with cutting devices of two movable gauges located on opposite sides of the
median line of the stile when in position in the machine, each adapted to enter
the stop-groove in said stile and means for automatically advancing each of said
gauges into said groove, said gauges being separately and independently movable,
whereby one of the same may be brought into operation upon the night-hand and
the other upon the left-hand stile, the other gauge in each case being retracted
out of the way.
4 In a machine for cutting window-fiame stiles the combination with cutting
devices, & support against which the grooved face of the window-stile bears, and
means for pressing the stile against the support, of two separately movable
gauges located on opposite sides of said support, each adapted to separately
enter the stop-groove in said window-stile and be retracted therefrom, whereby
either a night or left hand stile may be inserted into the machine and gauged by
the appropriate one of the two gauges to insure action of the cutting devices at
the proper place in the stile, the other gauge in each case being retracted out of
the way
་,
5 In a window-stile cutting machine, the combination with suitable rest and
with means for gauging the window-stile by the stop-gioove therein, of movable
spuis adapted to be thrust against and into the back surface of the window-stile
in forcing the latter against the iest
6 In a machine for sawing pockets in a window-stile, employing parallel, reci-
procating saws for cutting the sides of the pocket, and transveise, offset cutters
for cutting the ends of the pocket from opposite sides of the stile, the combina-
tion, with driving connections giving reciprocatory motion to the longitudinal
saws, of a frame carrying said longitudinal saws provided with inclined' slots,
sliding bars for carrying the lower transverse cutters and engaged with said
slots, centrally-pivoted levers provided with slots engaged with said lower cutter-
bars and also with similar upper cutter-bais, whereby uniform motion is com-
municated from the main saw-frame to both sets of cross-cutters
I
'
In a machine for cutting window-stile pockets the combination with the
main frame, of vertically-guided sliding frame, as D D¹, provided with racks,
upon pinions mounted rigidly upon a revoluble shaft having a lever, longitudi-
nally and transverse cutters carried by one pair of said sliding frames, transverse
cutters carried by the other pan of said sliding-fiames, and means for holding
the stile in fixed position between the upper and lower cutters
.
8. In a machine for simultaneously cutting the four sides of a window-stile
pocket, and comprising two cross-cutters operating from each side of the stile and

page_text: the pair at one side being at a less distance apart than those at the opposite
side, whereby the end or cross cuts at each end of the pocket are made in different
planes, the combination, with said offset end or closs-cutters, of side cutters
arranged to work from the same side of the stile with the two cross-cutters which
are nearest each other, and provided with cutting points at their extremities which
work over and clear of said cross-cutters
9 In a machine for making window-stile pockets of the character descubed,
the combination, with cross-cutters for inahing the offset end cnts of the pockets
from the opposite sides of the stile, of a saw-arbor carrying one of
a pair of
coular saws arranged to operate between the cuts made by said cross-cutters for
making the side cut or cuts of the pocket, and means for supporting the stile, the
saw arbor and stile support being relatively movable whereby the oncular saw or
saws may be made to enter and to be ietiacted from the stile laterally between
its ends
10 In a machine for making window-stile pockets of the character described,
the combination, with cross-cutters for making the offset end cuts of the pocket of
a fixed support for the stile, and a movably-mounted saw-arbor carrying one oi a
pair of circular saws arranged to operate between the cross-cutters for making
the side cut or cuts of the pocket, together with suitable means for moving the
saw-aibor toward the stile, whereby said saw 01 saws may be made to enter the
stile laterally between its ends
11. In a machine for cutting window-stile pockets of the character described,
the combination, with a saw-abor caying one or a pair of circular saws for
making the side cut or cuts of the pocket, said arbor being suitably mounted to
give movement to said circular saws in the direction of their planes and toward
the side of the stile, of reciprocating cross-cutters located in front and rear of
said circular saws arranged to enter the stile from opposite sides, vibratory arms
carrying said cross-cutters, means for forcing said cutters into the stile, and
means for reciprocating the free ends of the arms carrying said cross-cutters
12 In a machine for cutting window-stile pockets, of the character described,
the combination of opposing offset cross-cutters, vibratory arms on the free ends of
of which said cutters are mounted, means for giving longitudinal-i eciprocating
motion to the free ends of said aims and means connected with the aims for foic-
ing the cutters into the stile
13 In a machine for cutting window stile pockets of the character described, the
combination of opposing offset cross-cutters, vibratory aims on the free ends of
which said cutters are mounted, a rotary shaft provided with eccentrics which
are connected with said arms, and means acting on the free ends of said vibratory
aims for forcing said cutters into the stile.
14. In a machine for cutting window-stile pockets of the character described,
the combination of opposing offset cross-cutters, vibratory arms on the free ends
of which said cutters are mounted, means for giving vibiatory movement to said
aims, 1ock shafts having eccentrics thereon which act upon the free ends of said
arms, and a connection between said 1ock-shafts whereby the same may be simul-
taneously rotated.
15 In a machine for cutting window-stile pockets of the character described,
the combination of opposing offeet cross-cutters, ibiatory aims on the free ends of
which said cutters are mounted, a 1otary shaft provided, and means acting on
the free ends of said aims whereby the cutters may be forced into the stile fiom
opposite sides thereof
16 In a machine for cutting window-stile pochets of the character described.
the combination of opposing offset cross-cutters, vibratory arms on the free ends of
which said cutters are mounted, means for giving vibratory motion to said arms,
rock-shafts provided with eccenties which are connected with the free ends of
the vibratory arms, and a connection between. said shafts whereby they may be
simultaneously 1otated and the cutters forced into the stile from opposite sides
thereof

page_text: 17. In a machine for cutting window pockets of the character described, the
combination of opposing offset cross-cutters, vibratory arms on the free ends of
which said cutteis are mounted, a shaft provided with eccentrics with which
said arms are engaged, two rock-shafts provided with eccentrics which ale con-
nected with and act upon the free ends of said vibratory arms, and a connection
between said rock-shafts whereby they may be simultaneously rotated and the
cutters forced into the stile from opposite sides thereof.
18 In a machine for cutting window-stile pockets of the character described,
the combination of opposing offset cross-cutters, vibratory arms on the free ends
of which said cutters are mounted, a rotary shaft having eccentrics with which
said arms are engaged, two rock shafts provided with eccentrics which are con-
nected with the free ends of said vibratory arms, one or both of the eccentrics on
each shaft being movable lengthwise of the shaft for varying the length of the
pocket.
19. In a machine for cutting window-stile pockets of the character described,
the combination of cross-cutters arranged out of line with each other, vibratory
arms on the free ends of which said cutters are mounted, a shaft provided with
eccentrics with which said vibratory arms are engaged, two rock shafts provided
with eccentrics, pitmen connecting the last mentioned eccentrics with the free
ende of said vibratory arms, and connections between said rock-shafts by which
both of the same may be moved together.
20. In a machine for cutting window-stile pockets of the character described,
the combination of cross-cutters arranged out of line with each other, vibratory.
arms on the free ends of which said cutters are mounted, a shaft provided with
eccentrics with which said vibratory arms are engaged, two 1ock-shafts provided
with eccentrics, a pitman connecting the last mentioned eccentrics with the free
ends of said vibratory arm, and connections between said rock shafts by which
both of the same may be moved together, all of said eccentrics being movable upon
the shaft carrying them, whereby the said cross-cutters may be set at a greater or
less distance apart for making pockets of varying lengths
21 In a machine for cutting window-stile pockets of the character described,
the combination, with a circular saw or saws for first making the side cut or cuts
of the pocket, and cross-cutters for subsequently making the end cuts of the
pocket, a movable stop adapted to limit the sliding movement of the stile in
making the side cut oi cuts, and thus to determine the length of the side cut or
cuts, and means for moving said stop and to thereby retiart the stile to the
proper position for receiving the cross-cutters.
22. In a machine for cutting window-stile pockets of the character described,
the combination, with means for supporting the window-stile and cutters for
making the end or cross-cuts of the pocket, of a movable saw-fiame carrying one
or more circular saws for making the side cut or cuts of the pocket, and a movable
stop connected with the said saw-frame and adapted to engage the end of the
window-stile to limit the length of the cut made by such circular saw or saws, said
movable stop being caused, by such connection with the circular saw frame and
upon retraction thereof, to push the stile into position to receive the end cutters
subsequently brought into action upon the stile
23 In a machine for making window-stile pockets of the character described,
said machine containing a cucular saw for making the aide cut of the pocket, a
horizontal table, means for projecting and withdiawing the saw therethrough,
and cross-cutters mounted upon pivotal arms airanged above the table, the
combination with the lower portion of the machine-fiame, of an upper frame
carrying said upper cross-cutters, movable entuely away from the part of the
table contiguous to said cucular saw or saws so that said saw or saws are made
fully accessible and available for other purposes than the cutting of window-
stile pockets.
24 The convertible stile-pocket cutting machine described, consisting essen-
tally of separable lower and upper frames, as A and A', a vertically movable cir-

page_text: cular saw frame mounted in the lower fame, a table on the lower frame,
adapted to allow the said circular saw to protrude upwardly through it, and cross-
cutters supported by the upper frame, which, with the parts supported thereby,
is movable entirely away from that portion of the table contiguous to the circular
saw or saws, thereby making said lower frame and supporting parts available as
a circular saw and table for other uses than cutting window-stile pockets.
25 In a machine for cutting window-stile pockets, the combination with a
lower stationary frame having a substantially unobstructed horizontal table at its
top and containing a vertically-movable circular saw frame provided with a saw
adapted to be projected up through said table, of a separate upper frame hinged at
one side to the stationary frame in position to overhang said table and carrying
cross-cutters for making end cuts of the stile pockets, the driving mechanism
for said cross-cutters being constructed to permit the lifting up of the top frame
without disconnection of said driving mechanism, and means for detachably secur-
ing the top frame to the lower frame when lowered to its position for pocket
cutting.
26. In a machine for cutting window-stile pockets, the combination, with a
lower stationary frame having a substantially unobstructed horizontal table at
its top and containing a vertically-movable circular saw frame provided with a
naw adapted to be projected up through said table, of a separate upper fiame
hinged at one side to the stationary frame so as to overhang said table and carry-
ing cross-cutters for making end cuts of the stile pockets, and means for detach-
ably securing the top frame to the lower frame when lowered to its position
for pocket-cutting
27. A machine for cutting window-stile pockets of the character descubed,
comprising a saw arbor, carrying a circular saw for making a side cut of the
pocket, said arbor being mounted to give movement to the said circular saw in the
direction of the plane, reciprocating cross-cutters arranged to simultaneously enter
the stile from opposite sides thereof, means for actuating said cross-cutters, means
under the control of the operator for throwing the cross-cutters into action, and
means under the control of the operator for throwing the said circular saw into
action, said devices for throwing the cross-cutters and circular saw into action
being independent of each other, so that the cross-cutters and circular saw may be
independently or successively operated.
28. In a machine for making window-stile pockets, the combination of a
machine-fiame having a longitudinal support for the stile, on which the latter 18
adapted to slide endwise, a side gauge for determining the lateral position of the
stile on the support, an end gauge for limiting the endwise movement of the
stile, a movably-mounted saw arbor arranged tiansversely with respect to the
stile support and provided with two sawa arranged parallel with the said gauge,
said arbor being movable to project the saws through the stile support and the
stile resting thereon for making two cuts parallel with the sides of the stile, and
hand actuated means connected with the said saw-arbor.
Dated this 18th day of September 1899
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co
45, Southampton Buildings, London, WC,
Agents for the Applicant.