Improvements in Machines for Making Horse Shoe and other Nails.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Mar., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 28th July, 1892--Accepted, 10th Sept., 1892,
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for Making Horse Shoe and other Nails.
I, GEORGE MACAULAY-CRUIKSHANK, C.E. of 62 Saint Vincent Street,
Glasgow in the County of Lanark, Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Patent
Agents, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (as communicated to me
from abroad by Johan Oliver Johansson Kollén of Rädanefors, Sweden, Engineer)
to be as follows:-
This invention relates to machines for making horse shoe and other nails and it
has for its object to render the manufacture more perfectly automatic and continuous
than with machines as hitherto constructed.
The improvements are adapted to that class of machine wherein the nail blanks
are produced from a long coil of bar or rod which is heated and the principal
features of the invention consist in special arrangements for drawing out the shanks
of the nails by alternately rolling the bar or rod in the direction of its length
against a stationary anvil or die and in the direction of its breadth hammering it
between two hammers and also in arrangements for feeding the bar or rod to the
rollers and hammers for cutting off the nail blanks as they are formed and for
removing them from the machine.
The improved machine consists of a main shaft supported in bearings in vertical
end frames and driven by a belt passed over a pulley fixed on one end. On the
shaft there is keyed a disc which around its periphery carries a series of rollers,
preferably seven, these being centred in jaws removably connected to the disc and
between two of the said rollers there is situated a sweeper the operation of which
is hereinafter more particularly referred to. Between the vertical end frames
there extends a horizontal frame which at a position immediately below the roller
disc carries an anvil or block whose upper end, whereon the nail rod or bar rests,
is made concave. In the horizontal frame two slides are carried and to each of
them a hammer is connected by a pinching screw the travel of the hammers
towards and from each other being adjusted by other screws tapped into the slides
and against whose heads the outer ends of the hammers rest. The slides with their
hammers are reciprocated by wheels secured on the main shaft and having cam
grooves made in their circumference into which there are entered the heads of pins
or studs fixed to the slides. The cam grooves are so shaped that between the action
of each roller carried by the roller disc on the upper side of the nail bar or rod
the hammers are moved inwards to act on the edges of the bar and by these
conjoined actions a nail blank is formed during each revolution of the roller disc
the last stroke of the hammers on each blank being between the action of the.
last roller of the series and that of the sweeper. When this stroke has been given
the hammers are by so arranging one of the cam grooves caused to move in the
same direction holding the nail blank between them a distance sufficient to force
the head of the blank, and which is still connected to the bar, against a cutter
secured to the machine frame and by the action of which the blank severed.
The hammers, still holding the severed blank between them, then move back to
their ordinary position and separate leaving the blank on the anvil from which it
is removed by the sweeper. The sweeper is connected to the roller disc by a spring
which whilst it permits the sweeper to catch the blank also provides sufficient
elasticity to enable the sweeper to move inwards as it comes over the higher part
of the concave surface of the anvil.
In conjunction with the hammers a spring is also provided which after each
downward pressure of the rollers on the blank lifts the bar up so that it comes

page_text: fairly between the hammers and to prevent this spring from forcing the bar up too
far it has an arm made on or fastened to it against which a heel or bolt secured on
the roller disc near the sweeper acts.
The bar or rod is held during the forming of the blank and is fed forward by
two gripping jaws one holding the rod steadily whilst the rollers and hammers are
in action and immediately after the sweeper has removed the formed blank opening
up whilst the other closes and moves the bar forward the required distance. The
feeding jaw is pivotted on screws carried in bearings on the bed plate of the
machine and both jaws are shut by springs and opened alternately by levers acted
upon by cams made on the roller disc the feeding jaw being moved forward also by
means of a lever acted on by a cam on the roller disc and thrown backwards by a
spring.
In order that both jaws may be opened at one time when it is required to put in
or take out a length of bar or rod a lever acting on both grippers to open them
simultaneously is provided.
The feeding jaw is situated between the machine and the oven or muffle in which
the bar or rod is heated and it is preferred that in rear of the said oven or muffle
another gripping and feeding jaw should be provided the said rearward feeding jaw
having for its object whilst the forward feeding jaw is stationary and holding the
bar to feed the rod or bar forward so that between the two feeding jaws it is bowed
and has when the forward feeding jaw comes into operation a tendency to spring
forward or both feeding jaws may act simultaneously.
Dated this Twenty-ninth day of March 1892.
CRUIKSHANK & FAIRWEATHER,
62, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for Making Horse Shoe and other Nails.
I, GEORGE MACAULAY-CRUIKSHANK C.E. of 62 Saint Vincent Street,
Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Patent
Agents, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed (as communicated to me) to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :--
This invention relates to machines for making horse shoe and other nails and it
has for its object to render the manufacture more perfectly automatic and continuous
than with machines as hitherto constructed.
The improvements are adapted to that class of machine wherein the nail blanks
are produced from a long coil of bar or rod which is heated and the principal
features of the invention consist in special arrangements for drawing out the shanks
of the nails by alternately rolling the bar or rod in the direction of its length
against a stationary anvil or die and in the direction of its breadth hammering it
between two hainmers and also in arrangements for feeding the bar or rod to the
rollers and hammers, for cutting off the nail blanks as they are formed, and for
removing them from the machine.
The improved machine is shewn on the accompanying drawings of which
Fig. 1 is a front elevation.
Fig. 2 an end elevation.
Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6 being details of different parts of the apparatus which consists
of a main shaft A supported in bearings B in vertical end frames C and driven by
a belt passed over a pulley D keyed on one end.
On the shaft A there is secured a disc E which around its periphery carries a
series of rollers a (preferably seven) these being centred in jaws a removably
connected to the disc. Between two of the rollers a there is situated a sweeperib
the operation of which is hereinafter more particularly referred to.

page_text: A horizontal frame F extends from one vertical end frame C to the other and at
a position immediately below the roller disc E the frame F carries an anvil or
block c whose upper end, whereon the nail rod or bar rests, is, as shewn by the
dotted lines on Figure 2 made concave to suit the shape of the nail. The anvil
is capable of adjustment vertically by the screw d tapped through the frame F and
in the said frame two slides G, G¹ are also carried, hammers e, e¹ being connected
to the slides by pinching screws f, f. As shewn by Figures 1 and 5 the travel of
the hanımers towards and from each other is adjusted by other screws 9, 9¹ tapped
into the slides and against whose heads the outer ends of the hammers abut. The
slides G, G¹ with their hammers e, e¹ are reciprocated by wheels H, H', secured on
the main shaft A and having cam grooves 1, 1 and 2, 2' made in their circumference,
into which there are entered the heads of pins or studs fixed in the slides. The
cam grooves are so shaped that between the action of each roller a on the upper
side of the nail rod the hammers are moved inwards to act on the edges of the rod
and by these conjoined actions a nail blank is formed during each revolution of the
roller disc the last stroke of the hammers on each blank being between the action
of the last roller of the series and that of the sweeper b. When this stroke has
been given the hammers are by the parts 2, 21 of the cam grooves, caused to move
in the same direction holding the nail blank between them a distance sufficient to
force the head of the blank and which is still connected to the bar against a
cutter i Fig. 5 secured to the frame F and by which the blank is severed. The
hammers still holding the severed blank between them, then move back to their
ordinary position and separate leaving the blank on the anvil from which it is
removed by the sweeper b.
The sweeper is connected to the roller disc E by a spring which whilst it forces
out the point of the sweeper to catch the blank also affords sufficient elasticity to
enable the sweeper to retire as it passes over the higher part of the convex surface
of the anvil c.
In conjunction with the hammers e, e¹ and rollers a a guide L Figures 1, 5 and 6
for the rod is provided the said guide having two movements. The guide is centred
by the pink on the frame F and pressed upwards by a spring to maintain the rod
fairly between the hammers whilst it is periodically forced downwards by the
studs m projecting from the disc E which successively act against the arm n made
on the guide. The head of the arm n is elongated as seen by Figures 2 and 5 so
that the stud m holds the guide down the whole time the roller is acting upon the
blank. The stud m provided for the sweeper b is placed nearer the periphery of
the disc E than the other studs and therefore presses the guide further down to
enable the sweeper to remove the blank. The guide L is composed of two parts
namely a slide P having a mouth piece O at its outer end and a part P¹ wherein
the slide is carried and to enable the guide to move with the rod up to the cutter i
when the blank is to be severed the slide P has a reciprocating movement which is
imparted by the lever centred on the frame F by the stud s.
r
When the cam 2¹ moves the hammer e¹ to sever the blank the cam 3 on the
wheel H' acts upon a roller at the upper end of the lever and moves the slide P,
with its mouth piece O, to the side against the cutter i and a spring t connected to
the frame F and to the lever draws the slide back when the blank has been cut off
from the rod.
The bar or rod is held during the forming of the blank and is fed forward by
two gripping jaws I and J. The jaw I holds the rod steadily whilst the rollers a
and hammers e, el are in action and immediately after the sweeper b has removed
the formed blank opens up whilst the jaw J closes and moves the bar forward the
required distance. The feeding jaw J is pivotted on screws x carried in bearings y
on the bed plate of the machine and both jaws are shut by springs u and opened
alternately by levers acted upon by cams 4 and 5 on the roller disc. (For
greater clearness only one lever is shewn on the drawings.) The jaw J is pulled
backwards by a spring a' against an adjustable screw carried by the bracket K
and it is moved forward by a wedge c¹ which is forced in between the rollers d², d'

page_text: 2
one of which is carried by the jaw and the other by the bracket. The wedge is
operated forward by a lever e acted on by a cam 6 on the wheel H', and it is drawn
back by the spring f. A bolt is secured in one member of each jaw for the rod
to rest upon when the jaw is opened. In order that both jaws may be opened at
the same time when it is required to put in or take out a length of rod a lever 2
centred on a stud or shaft y' is provided the said lever opening the grippers 1, J
simultaneously by acting on their respective levers v. The lever g' may be worked
by foot or by hand.
The jaws I, J are situated between the machine and the oven or muffle in which
the bar or rod is heated and it is preferred that in rear of the said oven or muffle
another feeding jaw similar to the jaw J should be provided the said rearward
feeding jaw having for its object to feed the rod forward more smoothly through
the oven especially when the bar is wound into a long coil.
As the gripping jaws I and J are nearly constantly in contact with the hot iron,
to keep them cool a cavity or channel is or may be made in them through which a
stream of cold water is passed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me,
I declare that what I claim is :-
L
1. In a nail making machine of the class described the arrangement of mechanism
whereby the two hammers get their notion from cams or cam wheels substantially
as set forth.
2. In a nail making machine of the class described the arrangement of mechanism
whereby the blank is severed from the rod whilst the hammers hold it steadily the
one hammer following the other and moving the blank against a stationary cutter,
substantially as set forth.
3. In a nail making machine of the class set forth the arrangement of mechanism
whereby the blank swept away from the anvil by an elastic belt, substantially as
set forth.
4. In a nail making machine of the class described the guide L arranged and
operating substantially as set forth with reference to the accompanying drawings.
5. In a nail making machine of the class described the combination of two
gripping jaws I, J and their relative mechanism acting alternately substantially as
set forth with reference to the drawings annexed.
Dated this Twenty-seventh day of July 1892.
CRUIKSHANK & FAIRWEATHER,
62, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agents.