IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLYING HEAT TO CHAR-KILNS AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Brierley Denham Healey, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLYING
HEAT TO CHAR-KILNS AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Sealed the 29th January 1878, and dated the 19th November 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Brierley Denham Healey at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th November 1877.
BRIERLEY DENHAM HEALEY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Civil
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLYING HEAT TO CHAR-KILNS AND IN APPARATUS
THEREFOR."
This Invention has reference to an arrangement of char kiln which will rege-
nerate otherwise waste heat and prevent the presence of smoke in the chimney.
For this purpose I use gaseous fuel,, commonly known as carbonic oxide, and I
arrange regenerators upon the continuous regenerative principle.
The gas may be produced in producers of various known forms suitable to the
nature of the fuel to be used, and tubes may be put to syphon it from the producers
to the gas flue in the manner well known.
According to my present Invention I construct a regenerator chamber for the gas
below the central part of kiln (the place commonly used for ash-pit), in which are
tubes so placed that the waste heat from the kiln passes inside of them, and the
gas on its way to the heating chambers impinges upon them. I place a second
regenerator above the one already named for the air, but in this the waste heat
from the kiln impinges upon the tubes, and the air passes inside of them on its way
to the heating chamber.
By the arrangement now described part of the otherwise waste heat from the
kiln is transmitted to the gas and air, and afterwards restored to the heating
chambers, the heat of the flame being equal to that due from combustion plus the
heat restored.
The tubes for regenerators are of iron, with sockets and double or U bends at one
end of some, and elbows at one end of others, those in the first chamber having
square ends outwards, which form a solid air-tight wall when put together.

page_text: The heated gas enters the heating chambers through slits in the top of regene-
rator, and the heated air enters from the tubes above, meeting in the combustion
chambers, whence sheets of flame pass right and left among the retorts. The last
named (containing the char which is to be revivified) are so placed that those in
one row stand in front of the spaces of the next row, and the heat impinges better
upon the perimeters of same than when placed behind each other in file.
The heated gases of the kiln are caused to pass in among the lower part of
retorts at each side of combustion chambers by means of baffling plates, which are
placed in the spaces between retorts a few feet above the bed plates. The heated
currents thus flow towards the side walls, and inclining upwards they escape to the
upper portion of retorts, the bulk of the heat passing the outer edge of bafflers.
The waste heat is drawn off into a central flue (which forms part of the air
regenerator chamber), and passes thence outwards to the flues which lead to the gas
regenerator chamber.
The gas is admitted to the gas regenerator by suitable valve arrangements, and
an outlet valve is provided for emptying the chamber when work is stopping and
for filling with choke damp when starting, to prevent the formation of an explosive
mixture.
Regulators are provided for the chimney damper, air, and gas valves; and man-
holes and cleaning doors for the gas chamber and flues, to allow of the removal of
soot and pitch or tar which may accumulate therein.
The gas regenerator chamber is enclosed in a wrought-iron casing, and the ends
are removable, so that the tubes may be put in therefrom and access had to the ends
of tubes for repairs. The air box is of wrought-iron troughs at sides, rivetted to
top of gas regenerator casing, and bolted to bottom of air regenerator bed plates.
The Invention may be modified so as to be applicable to existing kilns, such as
are used for revivifying char for sugar refineries.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Brierley Denham Healey in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
14th May 1878.
BRIERLEY DENHAM HEALEY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Civil
Engineer. 'IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLYING HEAT TO CHAR-KILNS AND IN APPARATUS
THEREFOR."
My said Invention has reference to an arrangement of char kiln which will
regenerate otherwise waste heat and prevent the presence of smoke in the chimney.
For this purpose I use gaseous fuel, commonly known as carbonic oxide, and I
arrange regenerators upon the continuous regenerative principle.
The gas may be produced in producers of various known forms suitable to the
nature of the fuel to be used, and tubes may be put to syphon it from the producers
to the gas flue in the manner well known.
According to my present Invention I construct a regenerator chamber for the gas
below the central part of kiln, in which are tubes so placed that the waste heat
from the kiln passes inside of them, and the gas on its way to the heating chambers
impinges upon them. I place a second regenerator above the one already named for
the air, but in this the waste heat from the kiln impinges upon the tubes, and the
air passes inside of them on its way to the heating chamber.
By the arrangement now described part of the otherwise waste heat from the
kiln is transmitted to the gas and air, and afterward restored to the heating
chambers, the heat of the flame being equal to that due from combustion plus the
heat restored.
And in order that this Invention may be better understood I will now describe it.
with reference to the Sheet of Drawings which I have hereunto annexed, and the
manner I carry the same into effect.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section at E, F; Fig. 2 is a transverse section at C, D;
Fig. 3 is a part plan of kiln at A, B; and Fig. 4 is a plan of gas regenerator
chamber at G, H.
In setting the kiln to work the damper 1 and outlet valve 4 are opened by means
of the levers which regulate them. A fire of wood and shavings is lighted through
the doors 18, 18, along each side of kiln at 10, 10, and the gas chamber 5 is thereby
charged with choke damp; the valve 4 is then closed; the air valves 3, 3, are set
wide open; and the gas valve 2 is opened so far as to admit the required volume of
gas. These valves are afterwards regulated to suit the necessary length of flame.
The gas passes from the valve 2 through the inlet pipes 2ª, 2a, to the regenerator
chamber 5, and enters the kiln by jets at 10, 10. The air flows from the valves 3, 3,
to the air chamber 6, thence through the pipes 8, 8, to the kiln at 10, 10. The gas
is ignited on meeting the air at 10, 10, and the flame passes between the retorts 9, 9,
the heat flowing in the direction indicated by the feathered arrows on Fig. 2.
The products of combustion pass from the kiln into the air regenerator, impinging
on the pipes 8, 8, and escape from thence through slits in the covering of collecting
flue 11; they are drawn to the flues 11ª, 11a, passing right and left; then through
the gas regenerator tubes 7, 7, passing right and left, to the central down flue 12;
and finally through the valve 1 to the chimney flue.
When the kiln is stopped the valve 2 is closed, and the valve 4 is opened to
liberate the gas from the chamber 5, after which all the valves are closed.
The tubes 7 and 8 are of wrought or cast iron, with U bends, flanges, and sockets,
as shewn on Drawings; they are jointed in the bed plates, sockets, and bends by
suitable cement or clay, and fine sand is filled in between the double flange at ends
of tubes 7, 7.
The retorts 9, 9, are placed as shewn on Fig. 3, thus presenting a better surface
for the heat to impinge upon. The baffling plates 9, 9, are cast in small pieces to
fit between the retorts, and they rest upon the tie bars 19, the outside rows bearing
on bars built in the walls, as shewn on Fig. 2.

page_text: Cleaning doors 14, 14, are provided to clean the gas valve 2 and inlet pipes 2ª, 2a.
The door 14 is used in cleaning out gas flue and when filling or emptying the flue.
Hand holes 13, 13, are provided at each end of gas regenerator chamber for clearing
the soot from tubes.
The plates 7a, 7a, are inserted between tubes 7,7, as shewn on Figures 1 and 2,
for the purpose of causing the gas to impinge upon the tubes as it rises in the
chamber.
Trough irons 16, 16, are rivetted to the sides of the wrought-iron casing which
encloses the gas regenerator chamber; the ends of this casing are removable, being
fixed with stud bolts, and the casing is lined with fire-brick.
The pillars 15, 15, support the gas chamber and central part of kiln, whilst the
pillars 15, 15, support the sides of kiln.
The air box 6 has trough iron sides with angles projecting towards the retorts;
these angles divide the currents of gas and air before the latter are ignited, thus
forming the point of mixture; and if the mixture is too sharp, a course of bricks
may be laid across the top of the angles.
Binding plates 20, 20, are built in the front and back walls of kiln, and are held
by the tie bars 19.
Part of the heated air from between the coolers under retorts is collected at each
end by the casings 17, 17, which are connected to the air valves 3, 3.
The Invention, as regards the regenerator chambers, may be modified so as to be
applicable to existing kilns, such as are used for revivifying char for sugar
refineries.
Having thus particularly described the nature of my said Invention, and the best
means I am acquainted with of performing the same, I wish it to be understood that
I do not restrict myself to the precise details herein described or delineated, but what
I believe to be novel and original, and claim as my Invention is, the herein described
Invention of "Improvements in Applying Heat to Char Kilns and in Apparatus
therefor." In regard to such Invention comprising,-
First. Constructing char kilns for revivifying charcoal so as to regenerate other-
wise waste heat and prevent smoke in the chimney, substantially in the manner
herein before described with reference to the Drawings.
Second. Adapting the regenerators, shewn on accompanying Drawing, to existing
char kilns, or any mere modification thereof, so as to regenerate otherwise waste
heat and prevent smoke in the chimney.
In witness whereof, I, the said Brierley Denham Healey, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Second day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
Witness,
JAMES P. MUIR,
158, Chatham Street,
Liverpool.
B. D. HEALEY. (LS.)