improvements in eaшng and Lighting Appшances or UtenB18 for Domestic and other Purposes, in which Oils Used in Cooking Stoves and Lamps are Burned.
Year: 1885

page_text: improvements in eaшng and Lighting Appшances or UtenB18
for Domestic and other Purposes, in which Oils Used in
Cooking Stoves and Lamps are Burned.
I SELWYN SCHOFIELD SUGDEN of Little Monkhams, Woodford, Essex, a
Navigating Lieutenant in Her Majestys Royal Navy, do hereby declare the nature
of my invention for HEATING AND LIGHTING APPLIANCES OR UTENSILS FOR
DOMESTIC AND OTHER PURPOSES, IN WHICH OILS USED IN COOKING STOVES AND
LAMPS ARE BURNED to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an improved construction of Utensil for Domestic and
other Heating and Lighting purposes, in which Oils in Cooking Stoves are burned,
and for this purpose I take cylinders of different diameters of tin plate or other
suitable material in pairs, joined together at their lowest part, to contain the oil.
The inner, narrowest cylinder is of a shorter length than the outer. Or instead of
the two cylinders I sometimes select properly made vessels of glass, or earthenware.
These are, as with the outside wider cylinder, above alluded to, fitted with caps or
lids, in the centre of which is a third short cylinder, of somewhat increased diameter
over that of the interior cylinder: this last stands underneath it when the cap, or
lid is shut down upon the outer cylinder.
A third long, still narrower, cylinder tube, after being surrounded, or wrapped,
with a suitable wick, or with rolls, or strips, of cotton cloth, or like fabric, has its
upper end inserted in the top short cylinder of the cap, or lid; it must be so fitted,
or packed, by the wick that it well and closely fits the interior of the cap cylinder,
but in such a manner that the long tube can be moved a short distance upwards
and downwards, or turned round within it with fair freedom. The wick so com-
pressed or held between the cylinders, is then cut off neatly upon their upper
surfaces by a pair of scissors, and it is as well to give it a slight downward
inclination by trimming it away to the level of the inside cylinder after withdrawing
it above one-eighth of an inch below the exterior tubes surface. The lower portion
of the wick, just below the cap lid is next cut, or divided, so that it can pass, or
suspend, downwards by the sides of the inside cylinder in the oil contained between
the first named two cylinders; at the same time the long tube cylinder is put in
position down the interior of the short insidę cylinder, from which it projects a

page_text: short distance below through its lowest part. The function of this interior long
cylinder is to control, and regulate the flame, when the wick between the cylinders
is ignited to effect this it is slightly moved upwards or downwards, or turned
upon its axis by the hand from below as occasion requires. Instead of a wick, or
the cotton cloth, or like fabric wrapping, I sometimes substitute a circular per-
forated diaphragm of thin metal packed with powdered charcoal, or pulverised
coke, or some such absorbent substance as will answer the purpose, or pieces of
charcoal, or coke, or such a substance cut and shaped so as to fit the circular space
between the cylinders. In these cases, I enlarge the upper part of the long flame
controlling tube, so as to allow the perforated diaphragm cylinder, or charcoal, or
coke, and so on, pieces to descend vertically into the oil reservoir.
I also occasionally adapt a further circular thin shallow ring, or belt to slightly
compress, or support the wick, or diaphragm, or charcoal and coke &c, against the
inside of the cap lid cylinder which accurately fits the top exterior of the central
regulating tube, whilst, at the same time, admitting of the free and ready move-
ment up and down of the regulating cylinder within it.
Again, to even more effectually range the flame I sometimes add one more shallow
ring, or belt to the top exterior of the cap or lid: this is so made that it can be
moved with facility higher or lower as needed, by outside knobs with the hands.
I likewise occasionally find it of advantage to place a disc over the centre of the
flame: this is held in position by a vertical rod, which passes through two supports
inside the long regulating tube; which allow of its up or down movement as
wished: also a short conical shaped cylinder which stands upon the cap cylinder's
surface; which further serves to control the external flow of air to the circular
flame when burning between the cylinders.
Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4 exhibit sections of some of the sizes of the appliances
constructed under my Invention.
A B (Fig. 1,) and C D (Fig. 2-) show the arrangement of cylinders, supported
upon suitable short feet, a b-(Fig. 1,) and ĉ d, (Fig. 2-) containing the oil, the
level of which is maintained as nearly as possible inside at e e¹ ell e¹ll by occasional
addition, as the oil sinks within through being consumed by the burner-of more
oil to the side feeder ff¹, or until some is seen to remain within the feeder about
the level c. FF is the wick of cotton fabric held by the cap lid G G', and long
internal moveable cylinder g g¹.
h h¹ is the part of the tube by which it is turned, or raised, or lowered, by the
fingers. His the divided part of the wick, or folded, or wrapped, fabric. Fig. 4
is a smaller apparatus of the same principle, but made of glass, or earthenware,
with a metal cap I i: its letters of reference correspond with those of Figs. 1 and 2
as regards the oil reservoir; wick; central tube; and feet; but, as is sometimes
my plan, no side feeder is attached to it. Fig. 1 shows the disc Z: this is supported
by the rod Y held by the holes y y¹: in which it can be shifted up or down as
necessary by applying the fingers to x. R R¹ is a conical shaped further regulator
of the flame: it rests upon feet standing upon the surface of the cap lid G G¹ as
seen.
QQ is the perforated cylinder of pulverised charcoal, or like substance; and
the increased diameter of the central regulator tube to admit of this descending
vertically into the oil is explained at q q¹.
The shallow ring which fits the exterior of the cap lid is exhibited in Fig. 3, p,p,
and the second shallow cylinder, or ring, or belt, fitting between the wick, or
diaphragm, or charcoal, or material above mentioned, and the outside cylinder, is
given at S S¹, Fig. 3.
Having now described and illustrated my Invention, and the manner in which
it may be carried into practical application, I do not bind myself to every exact

page_text: detail as to the mode of manipulation of the various parts, but what I consider
novel and therefore claim as secured to me by Letters Patent is :-
First The peculiar construction of reservoir, to contain the oil, formed by the
two cylinders closed at their underparts, or constructed otherwise as described,
admitting of the passage of air up the central tube cylinder when it is placed inside
it, with the wick and other arrangements described.
Secondly-The construction of cap or lid.
Thirdly-The employment of the wick, or cotton, or similar, fabric wrapper,
divided, or cut, underneath in two, or more, parts, as described, and held between
the interior of the cap cylinder and the exterior of the long tube cylinder, or by a
shallow cylindrical band between the outside upper part of the interior tube-
cylinder and the cap cylinder: or between the enlarged at-the-top central cylinder
(so that the cotton or fabric wick may suspend vertically in the oil) and the cap
cylinder: with or without, the addition of the shallow band as herein-before
mentioned.
Thirdly-The employment of the cylindrical diaphragm of powdered charcoal
or other materials named above, or pieces of charcoal, &c as above mentioned,
placed between the cap cylinder and the enlarged at-top central tube, with, or
without, the band of metal interposed between the central tube and the perforated
diaphragm cylinder.

page_text: Improvements in Heating and Lighting Appliances or Utensils
for Domestic and other Purposes, in which Oils Used in
Cooking Stoves and Lamps are Burned.
:
I SELWYN SCHOFIELD SUGDEN of Little Monkhams, Woodford, Essex, a
Lieutenant in Her Majestys Royal Navy, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
•
My Invention relates to an improved construction of Utensil for Domestic and
other Heating and Lighting purposes, in which Oils used in Cooking Stoves and
Lamps are burned-According to my Invention I take cylinders of different
diameters of tin plate or other suitable materials in pairs, joined together at their
lowest part, to contain the oil. The inner, narrowest, cylinder is of a shorter
length than the outer. Or instead of the two cylinders I sometimes select properly
made vessels of glass or earthenware. These are, as with the outside wider
cylinder, above alluded to, fitted with caps, or lids, in the centre of which is a
third short cylinder, of somewhat increased diameter over that of the interior
cylinder this last stands underneath it when the cap, or lid is shut down upon the
outer cylinder. A third long, still narrower, cylinder tube, after being surrounded,
or wrapped, with a suitable wick, or with rolls, or strips of cotton cloth or like
fabric, has its upper end inserted inside the top short cylinder of the cap, or lid;
it must be so fitted, or packed, by the wick that it well and closely fits the interior
of the cap cylinder, but in such a manner that the long tube can be moved a short
distance upwards and downwards, or turned round within it with fair freedom.
The wick so compressed or held between the pair of cylinders is then cut off neatly
upon their upper surfaces by a pair of scissors, and it is as well to give it a slight
downward inclination by trimming it away to the level of the inside cylinder after
.withdrawing it above one-eighth of an inch below the exterior tubes surface. The
lower portion of the wick, just below the cap-lid is next cut, or divided, so that it
can pass, or suspend downwards by the sides of the inside cylinder in the oil
contained between the first named two cylinders; at the same time the long tube
cylinder is put in position down the interior of the short inside cylinder, from
which it projects a short distance below through its lowest part. The function of
this interior long cylinder is to control, and regulate the flame, when the wick
between the cylinders is ignited: to effect this it is slightly moved upwards or
downwards, or turned upon its axis by the hand from below as the occasion
requires. Instead of a wick, or the cotton cloth, or like fabric wrapping, I some-
times substitute a circular perforated diaphragm of thin metal, packed with
powdered charcoal, or pulverised coke, or any other suitable capilliary acting
substance or material, and any of these substances which may or can be cut and
shaped so as to fit the circular space between the two cylinders. In these cases
I enlarge the upper part of the long flame controlling tube, so as to allow
the perforated diaphgram of thin metal, packed with any of the above to decend

page_text: vertically into the oil reservoir. I also occasionally adapt a further circular thin
shallow ring or belt to slightly compress, or support the wick, or diaphragm, or
charcoal, coke &c, against the inside of the cap lid cylinder which accurately fits
the top exterior of the central regulating tube, whilst, at the same time, admitting
of the free and ready movement up and down of the regulating cylinder within
it Again, to even more effectually manage the flame I sometimes add one more
shallow ring, or belt to the top exterior of the cap or lid; this is so made that it
can be moved with facility higher or lower, as needed, by outside knobs with the
hands; If fitted on a large scale, for shore or marine purposes, the raising or
lowering for suitable adjustment can be readily performed by a simple form of
machinery. I likewise occasionally find it of advantage to place a disc over the
centre of the flame: this is held in position by a vertical rod, which passes through
two supports inside the long regulating tube; which allows of its up or down
movement as wished: also a short conical shaped cylinder which stands upon the
cap cylinders surface, which further serves to control the external flow of air to
the circular flame when burning between the cylinders.
Referring to the drawing attached to my provisional specification.
Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 exhibit sections of some of the sizes of the appliances con-
structed under my Invention.
A B (Fig. 1,) and C D-(Fig. 2) show the arrangement of cylinders, supported
upon suitable short feet, a b-(Fig. 1,) and c d, (Fig. 2) containing the oil, the
level of which is maintained as nearly as possible inside at e e¹ ell ell by occasional
addition, as the oil sinks within through being consumed by the burner-of more
oil to the side feeder ƒ ƒ¹, or until some is seen to remain within the feeder about
the level e. F F¹ is the wick of cotton fabric held by the cap lid G G, and long
internal moveable cylinder g g¹: h h' is the part of the tube by which is turned,
or raised, or lowered, by the fingers. H is the divided part of the wick or folded,
or wrapped fabric. Fig. 4 is a smaller apparatus of the same principle, but made
of glass or earthenware, with a metal cap Ii: its letters of reference correspond
with those of Figs. 1 and 2 as regards the oil reservoir; wick; central tube; and
feet: but as is sometimes my plan, no side feeder is attached to it. Fig. 1 shows
the disc Z: this is supported by the rod Y held by the holes y y¹: in which it can
be shifted up or down as necessary by applying the fingers to x-R R¹ is a conical
shaped further regulator of the flame: it rests upon feet standing upon the surface
of the cap lid G G³ as seen. QQ¹is the perforated cylinder of pulverised charcoal,
or like substance; and the increased diameter of the central regulator tube to admit
of this descending vertically into the oil is explained at 9 9. The shallow ring
which fits the exterior of the cap lid is exhibited in Fig. 3, p p¹ and the second
shallow cylinder, or ring, or belt, fitting between the wick, or diaphragm, or
charcoal, or material before mentioned, and the outside cylinder is given at S S¹,
Fig. 3.
Having now described and illustrated my Invention, and the manner in which it
may be carried into practical application, I would state that I do not bind myself
to every exact detail as to the mode of manipulation of the various parts, or the
construction thereof; for instance, I may, in some cases prefer, that what I have
termed the cylinders be formed oblong, or any other suitable shape, and I may also
supply the oil to the different media, from a side reservoir, instead of the above
alluded to underneath one, but what I consider novel and therefore claim as
secured to me by Letters Patent is:-
1st The peculiar construction of reservoir, to contain the oil, formed by the
two cylinders closed at their under parts, or constructed otherwise as described,

page_text: admitting of the passage of air up the central tube cylinder when it is placed in
position inside it with the wick and other arrangements described.
2nd The construction of the cap or lid.
3rd: The employment of the wick, or cotton, or similar fabric wrapper, divided, or
cut, underneath into two, or more, parts, as described and held between the interior
of the cap cylinder and the exterior of the long tube cylinder, or by a shallow
cylindrical band between the outside upper part of the interior tube cylinder and
the cap cylinder: or between the enlarged at the top central cylinder (so that the
cotton or fabric wick may suspend vertically in the oil) and the cap cylinder: with
or without the addition of the shallow band as hereinbefore given.
4th The employment of the cylindrical diaphragm of powdered charcoal, or
pieces of charcoal &c as above mentioned placed between the cap cylinder and the
enlarged at top central tube, with or without, the band of metal interposed between
the central tube and the perforated diaphragm cylinder.
Dated this 92nd day of June 1886