IMPROVEMENTS IN CRUSHING MACHINERY RELATING TO SAFETY APPLIANCES AND ELASTIC CONNECTING RODS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Edward Hall, of Sheffield, in the County of
York, Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CRUSHING MACHINERY
RELATING TO SAFETY APPLIANCES AND ELASTIC CONNECTING RODS TO BE
EMPLOYED THEREIN."
>
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Edward Hall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th June 1881.
CHARLES EDWARD HALL, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Engineer."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN. CRUSHING MACHINERY RELATING TO SAFETY APPLIANCES AND
ELASTIC CONNECTING RODS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN."
My Invention relates to such machines as effect the crushing, stamping, or other
reduction of stone, minerals, or other material by means of well known togglo
plates or motions, and is designed to prevent breakage or accident through undue
strain by the introduction of elastic or safety, connecting rods or clutch between the
driving gear and the crushing or reducing jaws.
Where high speeds are necessary I either prefer to employ a connecting rod or
rods of suitable material in the form of a loop, in the contro of which are arranged
powerful steel or other springs which will allow the connecting rod to collapse and
thus lengthen under undue tensional strain, or otherwise à connecting rod composed
of a cylinder and piston enclosing an air cushion.
The enclosed volume of air in the latter caso is alternately free and under
pressure or compression, and this effect is produced by apertures in the cylinder
closed and opened alternately by the moving pistons. The travel of the piston is
made greater than that of the crushing or reducing toggle plates to give greater
effect to the air pressure.
The driving power is applied to the piston and rod at one end, whilst the working
resistance is received on the cylinder end, or vice versa. A cushion of air is thus
always maintained between the driving and working strains.
Where the speed of driving is not so great, I alternatively use a connecting rod
or rods in the form of pistons and cylinders charged with oil or water, and fitted

page_text: with a relief valve or cataract interposed conveniently between the driving motion
and the crushing or reducing toggle plates. I may attach the toggle block direct
to the piston, and fix the cylinder overhead so as thereby to obtain a direct
bydraulic pressure upon the toggle block, or I may place the hydraulic cylinder
and piston with relief valve or cataract as a connecting rod, the piston rod receiving
the direct thrust or pull of the driving power, and the cylinder receiving the
working strain, or vice versa.
I prefer to give the necessary regulation and relief of pressure in the oil or water
hydraulic cylinder by the following arrangement of differential pump.
Parallel with the bore of the said cylinder I arrange a small pump, piston, or
plunger of two different diameters, working in two stuffing boxes or bushes. The
smaller area or end is open to the pressure of water in the hydraulic cylinder, and
thus to any variation or increase of pressure due to the working resistance. The
larger area or end communicates through a port and valve into a by pass or channel
which leads to the said hydraulic cylinder, the pressure in the cylinder being
always on the top of such valvo.
I attach a pump lever to the other end of the pump rod in the ordinary way,
and load the outer end with weights or a spring to the pressure I wish the machine
to resist in doing work. When this pressure is exceeded, the extra pressure will
be exerted upon the end of the pump rod and it will be depressed, raising the
weights or closing the spring until such strain is removed, when the pump
rod will regain its normal position and return the water back to the hydraulic
cylinder.
:
If additional water is wanted to make up for waste or to alter the position of
the toggle motion in regard to the said cylinder, I can by releasing the lever pump
additional water through the by pass and valve into the cylinder by reason of the
differential diameter of the pump rod.
In conjunction with the foregoing connecting rods, or in cases where it is not
convenient to apply such connecting rods, I use a safety friction driving clutch on
the first driving shaft. This clutch I conveniently construct in a known manner
in the form of a circular casing carrying either pinion, wheel, or pulley, by which
the power may be transmitted to the crushing machines.
This casing runs loose on the shaft, and I fit a block sliding on a feather or key
on the same shaft. To this block are attached two or more sets of toggles operating
two or more rigid or elastic segments which are pressed outwards or drawn
inwards by the action of the toggles. As the block is therefore thrust into the
casing the toggle joints force out the segments and a firm frictional grip is made
between the block and the casing. At the same time this clutch will permit of
slipping in the event of great strain being brought upon the working parts of the
machine.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Charles Edward Hall in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
10th December 1881.
EE
CHARLES EDWARD HALL, of Sheffield, in the County, of York, Engineer:
IMPROVEMENTS IN CRUSHING MACHINERY RELATING TO SAFETY APPLIANCES AND
ELASTIC CONNECTING RODS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN.
"
My Invention relates to such machines as effect the crushing, stamping, or other
reduction of stone, minerals, or other materials by means of well known toggle
plates, jaws, or toggle motions, crushing rolls, or stamps, and is designed to prevent
breakage or accident therein through undue strain. This I effect by the intro-
duction of elastic or safety connecting rods, links, or a clutch between the driving
gear and the crushing or reducing jaws or surfaces.
Where high speeds are necessary I prefer to employ either a connecting rod or
rods of suitable material in the form of a loop, in the centre of which are arranged
one or more powerful springs of steel or other material which will allow the con-
necting rod to collapso in the centre, and thus lengthen under unduo. tensional
strain, or otherwise I may employ a connecting rod composed of a cylinder and
piston enclosing an air cushion.
With regard to the former modification of my safety appliance I prefer the said
spring within the elastic rod to be either circular, elliptical, or volute, as shown in
Figures 1, 3, 6, and 8, Sheet I. .
Figures 1 and 2 on this Sheet are a sectional elevation and plan respectively of
the well known Blake or Hall stone breaker, showing the manner of application of
my spring elastic connecting rod to that machine. A is the main frame, B is an
adjustable pedestal in which the eccentric shaft Crevolves, D is the. vibrating or
crushing jaw; E, the toggle joints; and F, my improved elastic connecting rod.
Should undue strain or resistance occur between the crushing jaws D my elastic
'connecting rod F will elongate and prevent breakage. A convenient means of
adjusting the stroke of the crushing jaw D is provided in this arrangement, in the
shape of the independent and adjustable pedestal B, which allows the connecting
rod to be raised and lowered, and the toggles E to be placed more or less out of the
horizontal line.
Figures 3, 4, and 5 are respectively a side part-sectional elevation, an outside
back elevation, and a sectional plan through the central spring F of my said
improved spring connecting rod in detail. The loop E is made preferably of
tempered steel, forged solid at the lower part, and with toggle seatings let in. The
upper eye G is formed so as to admit a metal bush, which may be fitted or run in
with white metal, as desired. The circular spring F may be secured towards the
centre of the loop in various ways.
Figures 6 and 7 are a side elevation and plan respectively of the ends of a pair
of crushing rolls A and B fitted with my improved elastic spring connecting rod C,
carrying in its centre a double volute spring G.
Figures 8 and 9 show an elevation and plan respectively of similar rolls, in which
a modified arrangement of my improved elastic spring connecting rod C is applied.
In this latter caso is shown a method of adjustment of the two rollers to one another
by screw and nut H. The springs inside the connecting rod may be modified into
any convenient form.
In both of these two examples, should an undue obstruction or resistance enter
between the two rolls, my improved clastic connecting rods C, C, will collapse the

page_text: springs, and thus elongating will allow the rolls to spring apart for some distance
without breakage.
With regard to the second modification of my safety appliance in the case of
high speeds consisting of a cylinder and piston enclosing an air cushion, I show
my arrangements of this devico in Sheet 2.
The volume of air enclosed in the cylinder is alternately free and under pressure
and compression, and this effect is produced by apertures in the cylinder closed and
opened alternately by the moving piston. The travel of the piston is made greater
than that of the crushing or reducing stamp or crusher head to give greater effect
to the air pressure.
5
1
The driving power is applied to the piston and rod at one end whilst the working
resistance is received on the cylinder end, or vice versa. A cushion of air is thus
always maintained between the driving and working strains, ensuring a dead blow,
but preventing breakage to the machine. The intensity of the blow delivered
upon the material may be increased or diminished by regulating a small valve or 1
cock to relieve the pressure in the cylinder.
Sheet II., Figure 1 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 2 an outside front elevation
of any stamping machine in which my improved clastic pneumatic connecting rod
is employed in combination with toggle plates.
Figure 8 is a plan of the top of the adjustable block D. A is the main frame; 2
B, the stamp head; C, the coffer; D, the adjustable block moving through the
bracket d and fixed by the two screwed collars F; G is the cylinder of my improved
pneumatic connecting rod with a deep piston g moving therein. A regulating
cock H is fixed on the cylinder to adjust the air pressure to suit the work on the
outward or lifting stroke of the piston. The working pressure is transmitted from 2
the crank L through my pneumatic connecting rod G, and the toggle plates K, K,
to the stamp head B.
Figure 4 is an enlarged sectional view of my improved pneumatic connecting
rod, showing more clearly the apertures for air admission and exit.
Where the speed of driving is not so great as in the instances before described,
I alternatively use a connecting rod or rods in the form of pistons and cylinders
charged with oil or water, and fitted with a relief valvo or cataract interposed
conveniently between the driving motion and the crushing or reducing toggle
plates. I may attach the toggle block direct to the piston and fix the cylinder
overhoad, so as thereby to obtain a direct hydraulic pressure upon the toggle block;
or I may place the hydraulic cylinder and piston with relief valve or cataract as a
connecting rod, the piston rod receiving the direct thrust or pull of the driving
power, and the cylinder receiving the working strain, or vice versa. This arrange-
ment is shown on Sheet II., in Figures 5 and 6, which aro a sectional olovation
and end view respectively of a reducing machine so fitted; Figure 7 is the plan of
the top of the hydraulic cylinder D in which the piston E is fitted, giving a direct
thrust upon the cutting head B through the toggle plates R. The throw of the
crank shaft N, which is driven by gearing from the By-wheel shaft O, is communi-
cated through the rigid connecting rod G to the toggle plates.
I prefer to give the necessary augmentation and relief of pressure in the oil or
water hydraulic cylinder by the following arrangement of differential pump:-
Parallel with the bore of the said cylinder D, Figure 5, I arrange a small pump
piston or plunger P of two different diameters, working in two stuffing boxes or
bushes. The smaller area or end is open to the pressure of water in the hydraulic
cylinder, and thus to any variation or increase of pressure due to the working
resistance. The larger area or end communicates through a port and valve L into
or through a bye-pass or channel M which leads to the said hydraulic cylinder, the
pressure in the cylinder being always on the top of such valve.
I attach a pump lever I to the other end of the pump rod in the ordinary way,
and load the outer end with weights or a spring J*(which may conveniently be in

page_text: the form of my improved elastic spring connecting rod) which is adjusted to the
pressure I wish the machine to resist in doing work. When this pressure is
exceeded the extra strain will be exerted upon the end of the pump plunger and
it will be depressed, raising the weights or closing the spring, until such strain is
5 removed, when the pump plunger will regain its normal position and return the
water back to the hydraulic cylinder.
•
If additional water is wanted to make up for waste or to alter the position of
the toggle motion in regard to the said cylinder, I can, by releasing the lever I
from the spring J, pump additional water through the bye-pass M and delivery
valve L into the cylinder by reason of the differential diameters of the pump
plunger, and the action of a suction valve K.
Figures 8, 9, and 10, show a longitudinal section, an end view, and a transverse
section respectively of such an hydraulic cylinder A, piston B, differential pump
plunger C, adjustable screw D for regulating the position of the toggles, a lever E,
spring F, a suction valve G, a delivering valve H, and a bye-pass I, the cylinder
being here arranged as an elastic safety connecting rod between the driving crank
and the toggle plates.
In conjunction with the foregoing connecting rods, or in cases where it is not
convenient to apply such connecting rods, I use a safety friction driving clutch on
the first driving shaft, as shown on Sheet 3. This clutch I conveniently construct
in a known manner, as shown in part transverse and in longitudinal section in
Figures 1 and 2 respectively. It is in the form of a circular casing A carrying
either a pinion wheel A' or a pulley, by which the force may be transmitted to
the crushing machines.
This casing A runs loose on the shaft H, and I fit a sliding block E on a feather
or key I on the same shaft. To this block are attached two or more sets of
toggles C operating two or more rigid or clastic segments B of greater radius than
the internal diameter of A, which are pressed outwards or drawn inwards by the
nction of the toggles. This motion is conveniently effected by the lever F and
stirrup C. As the block E is the refore thrust into the casing, the toggle joints C
force out the segments B, and a firm frictional grip is made between the block E
and the casing A, at the same time this clutch will permit of slipping in the event
of great strain being brought upon the working parts of the machine.
Figures 3, 4, and 5, slow sectional elevation, end view, and detail of clutch
3 respectively. The safety clutch E is combined with crank shaft B and toggle
motion A; C is a fly-wheel loose on B, but attached to the driving pulley D ; Fis
a hand wheel for forcing the segments into frictional contact with the driving
pulley D.
Figures 6 and 7 show a longitudinal section and outside view of the safety
clutch E combined with my improved direct acting pneumatic connecting cylinder A
and piston B operating the stamping head C, the whole receiving motion through
the safety clutch E from the rotating shaft D.
And having now fully described and ascertained the nature and objects of my
Invention, and the manner in which the same is performed, be it known that what
I consider novel and useful, and desire to secure by my Letters Patent is,―
1st. In crushing machinery the combination with toggle motions of an elastic
safety spring connecting rod, substantially as described.
2nd. In crushing machinery the combination with rolls of safety elastic spring
connecting rods or links, substantially as described.
3rd. In crushing machinery the combination with toggle motions of a safety
elastic pneumatic connecting rod, substantially as described.
4th. In crushing machinery the combination with toggle motions of a safety
hydraulic or oil connecting rod or abutment, and the arrangement of differential
pump, valves, and lever used therewith, substantially as described.
5th. In crushing machinery the combination with toggle motions or with either

page_text: or any of my hereinbefore described elastic connecting rods or safety appliances, a
frictional safety clutch, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Edward Hall, have hereunto set
my hand and scal, this Sixth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
In the presence of
S. P. WILDING,
23, Rood Lane,
London, E.C.,
Patent Agent.
CHARLES EDWARD HALL. (L.S.)