Improvements in Gas and Petroleum Engines.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Mar., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 5th Jan., 1893-Accepted, 25th Feb., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Gas and Petroleum Engines.
I, FREDERICK WILLIAM LANCHESTER, of 13, Bedford Row, London, W.C.,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in the arrangements of gas and petroleum
engines, and its object is in part to provide an improved system of governing,
applicable for either gas or petroleum engines, but especially adapted for the
requirements of the latter; it also comprises improved and simplified methods of
actuating the exhaust valve of gas and petroleum engines, also improved petroleum
injection and vapourizing arrangements and means of retaining the walls of the
combustion chamber at a temperature uniform and suitable for hot surface ignition
under all conditions of working, and improved means of initially heating the
same.
In carrying the first portion of my invention into effect, I arrange an engine
comprising a piston working in a cylinder and a compression space, constructed in
the usual manner, in conjunction with a means of introducing inflammable fluid or
vapour, such means being controlled by a governor so that when the speed exceeds
a certain predetermined amount no inflammable material is supplied to the cylinder,
and the piston compresses the air contained therein, allowing the same to expand
on the next forward stroke, compressing again and so on without allowing the
charge to escape until the inflammable material has been injected, when, after
ignition and expansion the exhaust valve opens and the contents of the cylinder
are discharged, the piston then draws in a new charge of air and so on.
The governor may be arranged to diminish the amount of inflammable material
injected before cutting the same off altogether if desirable.
In an engine arranged to work in the manner above described and fitted with a
governor controlled two to one gear for injection of hydrocarbon together with
suitable vapourizing and igniting arrangements, the exhaust valve may be of the
kind described in Specification No. 19868 of 1889 already granted to the present
applicant. This exhaust valve is so constructed as to be operated automatically
by final pressure of expansion and will of necessity fall into phase with the two
to one operated injector. It is however under certain circumstances found advisable
to provide means whereby sequence of action will be insured; I prefer to effect
this in the following manner-I provide a port or passage opening communication
between the cylinder or compression space and the actuating chamber of a pressure
actuated exhaust valve, this port is controlled by a valve actuated from any suitable
moving part. The cylinder pressure is thus permitted to act on the exhaust valve
piston and the said valve is opened by the said pressure in the cylinder at such
times as may be determined.
The small valve may be of the plug, lift or slide type. The two to one action
on the exhaust valve piston may be produced by means of a ratchet wheel and pawl
moved by an eccentric or cam directly rotating on the crank shaft. This ratchet
wheel I sometimes arrange to rotate a plug valve which opens and closes to the
cylinder on alternate return strokes, and so controls the admission of pressure from
the cylinder to the exhaust valve piston, or I cause a spindle rotated in the same
manner to operate a lift valve or valves by suitable cams.
Instead of this an oscillating plate two to one gear may actuate the small com-
municating valve, the said oscillating or vibrating plate being reciprocated at every
revolution of the engine by an eccentric, or similar arrangement. The plate acts.
between opposing sliding push pieces operating respectively the communicating
valve and the fuel feed valve, in such manner that opposing notches or knife edges

page_text: in the sliding pieces which may be the valve stems are alternately opened and remain
closed. Side guides to this double knife edge or notch oscillating plate alternately
allow the edges to be thrown up or down, the plate being pivoted at an arm pro-
jecting from the centre so that the plate is raised or depressed against the guides
alternately, depending on which sliding piece is engaged. In this manner a two to
one action is produced with a direct connection to an eccentric.
In one construction of exhaust valve suitable for opening by pressure from the
cylinder, I arrange the exhaust valve stem with two pistons so that the piston
nearest to the said valve closes a cylinder connected to the exhaust pipe and the
second piston works in a second cylinder at the outer end of the valve spindle; the
end of this cylinder nearest to the first piston and exhaust valve opens to atmo-
sphere and the end of the cylinder furthest from the exhaust valve connects to the
space between the exhaust valve and the first piston. When pressure is admitted
between the exhaust valve and the first piston, the said pressure acts between the
lower surface of the exhaust valve and the upper surface of the first piston, and
also passes to the lower surface of the second piston. The pressure thereupon lifts
the valve and pistons, as the pressure above the second piston is only atmospheric.
The gases from the cylinder then pass by the exhaust valve, and the first piston,
which is now lifted out of its cylinder into the exhaust pipe, and the said exhaust
valve and the first piston are respectively held up, and open by the unbalanced
pressure of the said exhaust gases acting below the second piston. So long as the
exhaust gases remain at a pressure slightly above atmosphere the exhaust valve is
held open and so it remains open during the whole exhausting stroke. Instead of
a. piston valve for passing the gases any other type of valve may be used and the
actuating piston may be connected to the exhaust valve by lever or other means.
This valve it will be readily understood may be applied to engines in which the
pressure of the exhaust gases operates the valve, or pressures generated in other
ways may be so used.
One, part of my invention relates to the method of feeding the oil by means of a
pump and it is intended to obviate difficulties at present experienced with petroleum
pumps for petroleum engines.
Air
In my improved pump I arrange a piston having in its side a channel or pocket
opening to oil supply and an over-flow, at each extreme out position of the said
piston. The said channel or pocket is thus filled with oil at every stroke and on
the return stroke the chaunel or pocket opens at one end to a passage connecting
to the engine cylinder and at the other end to a passage connecting to a space
between the bottom of the oil pump piston and its cylinder end or cover.
or exhaust gases. fill this space and are compressed by the movement of the piston
so that immediately the oil channel opens to the engine cylinder, at a time when
the pressure in the said cylinder is low, the gases under pressure in the oil pump
cylinder force the oil rapidly into the engine cylinder and spray it to a very
considerable extent against the walls of the combustion space. The walls of the
combustion space then vapourize the oil, or the oil may be so forced into any other
vapourizer.
The oil pump preferably has no valves and on its out stroke the piston uncovers
a port leading to air or exhaust gases, and so fills the cylinder ready to be
compressed to inject the oil when required into the engine vapourizing surface.
The oil is thus rapidly blown into the cylinder or vapourizer by gases under
pressure.
The supply of oil to the channel or pocket may be controlled by rotating the
piston in its cylinder by the action of the governor so as to allow a smaller
part of the channel to be filled with oil. The governor may act in other ways
however as by cutting off the oil supply by separate valve." Instead of having
an oil supply channel or pocket in the side of the small piston used for pro-
ducing gaseous pressure to blow through the oil charge, I may arrange a rotating
plug cock, rotated by a ratchet wheel and pawl connected to the piston. A
port or channel in this plug alternately opposes oil supply under slight pressure,

page_text: which fills the port and passes the excess oil to an overflow, and an aperture
leading to the engine cylinder on one side with an aperture connecting to the
small cylinder on the other side. The gaseous pressure in the small cylinder
then blows through the oil passage and discharges the oil into the engine cylinder
or vapourizer.
The plug thus rotates by the ratchet wheel and pawl so that the engine receives
an oil charge at every second stroke.
The governing may be effected by lifting the pawl out of the ratchet wheel and
so stopping the rotation of the plug and consequently the supply of oil, or closing
or stopping flame connection with the igniter tube, in which case a charge of
inflammable mixture is alternately compressed and expanded in the cylinder till the
governor again opens to the ignition tube. In the latter case the pawl is not lifted
out of gear with the ratchet wheel but the steps are made slightly longer than the
sweep of the said pawl, so that the pawl cannot engage the next step without some
external assistance. This external assistance is only given after the charge in the
cylinder has been ignited, and it may be performed in various ways.
Thus an
auxiliary pawl may engage a step and the exhaust or working pressure may act
upon a small piston to move this pawl and so rotate the ratchet wheel sufficiently to
allow the main pawl to fall into gear. The auxiliary pawl also may be operated
either from the exhaust or inlet valve. In this manner the oil feed arrangements
are kept in phase with the engine cycle.
Instead of using a small pump to compress gases for injecting oil, I sometimes
retain a portion of the gases under pressure in a reservoir, which gases I take from
the cylinder or exhaust chamber. These gases I use to inject oil by the plug or
other valve.
The rotating oil feed plug in another arrangement may have separate ports to
admit pressure from the cylinder to the exhaust valve operating piston or pistons,
and so the two to one action of both engine and oil feed may be obtained from the
one ratchet wheel and pawl rotated plug.
In this case also the governor may act upon the pawl to suspend the operation of
the engine when required. In petroleum engines utilizing the before mentioned
improvements I prefer to ignite the inflammable mixture by means of the hot sides
of the combustion space in a well known mauner, and to keep the said sides
sufficiently hot when the engine is working with light loads and infrequent
explosions, I adopt the following arrangement:-I construct a liner which I slip
within an external casing and leave an annular space between the liner and the
casing. The said annular space I preferably open towards the back of the com-
pression space. When the engine is working at full load or with fairly frequent
explosions, the annular space becomes filled with burned gases and the explosion
forces more burned gases into it, little or no flame however passes behind. When
the ignitions are infrequent the air charge is alternately compressed and expanded
and diffuses into the annular space as well as fills the combustion space. Ignition
when it does occur then spreads into the annular space as the petroleum vapour
finds oxygen there to support its combustion. The liner is thus surrounded
with flame internally and externally when the ignitions are infrequent, but has
flame in its interior only when ignitions are frequent. It is thus kept at a
uniform high temperature whether the engine be fully loaded or not, and it
remains hot enough to ignite and vapourize regularly.
The liner may be conical or cylindrical and its proportions and the proportions
of the annular space to the internal space may be varied within certain limits
provided flame gets behind in sufficient quantity to produce the desired com-
pensating action.
To heat up the liner in a convenient manner 1 place the piston in its outer
position uncovering an exhaust port at the end of the cylinder, and I inject a
flame of oil and air into the interior. The products of combustion escape by
the exhaust port and so the liner is rapidly heated while the air of the room is
not vitiated.

page_text: When light oils are used in my improved oil engine I sometimes arrange the
exhaust valve to pass the inlet charge as well as the exhaust, and I arrange my
vaporizer in the exhaust passage between an air inlet valve and the exhaust
valve, so that the vapourizing may be performed by the waste heat of the
exhaust gases. The vapourizing surfaces may be ribbed or corrugated and the oil
may be injected on them in any convenient manner. When my automatic valve is
applied the oil vapour is effectively retained by the actuating piston.
Dated this 4th day of March 1892.
MARKS & CLERK,
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Gas and Petroleum Engines.
I, FREDERICK WILLIAM LANCHESTER, of 13 Bedford Row, London W.C.,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
My invention relates to improvements in the arrangements of gas and petroleum
engines, and its object is in part to provide an improved system of governing
applicable for either gas or petroleum engines, but especially adapted for the
requirements of the latter; it also comprises improved and simplified methods of
actuating the exhaust valve of gas and petroleum engines also improved petroleum
injection and vapourizing arrangements.
Referring to the two accompanying sheets of drawings
Figure 1 is a section illustrating one mode of operating the exhaust valve.
Figures 2 and 3 show two positions of another arrangement for operating the
exhaust and also the gas or oil valve.
Figures 4, 5 and 6 illustrate in three positions an arrangement for governing
according to my invention using the ordinary side shaft.
Figure 7 is a section showing exhaust valve, inlet valve and a passage between
the two in which oil may be vapourized.
Figure 8 is a section of one arrangement of my petroleum injection pump.
Figure 9 shows a rotating ratchet wheel operated by a governor controlled pawl
and a pawl moved by exhaust pressure.
Figures 10, 10 and 11 show sections and details of another form of my pump.
Figure 12 shows my oil pumping arrangements applied to an engine.
Figure 13 is a section showing a suitable automatic exhaust valve.
In carrying the first portion of my invention into effect I arrange an engine
comprising a piston working in a cylinder having a compression space, constructed
in the usual manner, in conjunction with a means of introducing inflammable fluid
or vapour, such means being controlled by a governor so that when the speed
exceeds a certain predetermined amount no inflammable material is supplied to
the cylinder, and the piston compresses the air contained therein allowing the
same to expand on the next forward stroke, compressing again and so on,
without allowing the charge to escape until the inflammable material has been
injected, when after ignition and expansion an exhaust valve opens and the con-
tents of the cylinder are discharged; the piston then draws in a new charge of
air and so on.
The governor may be arranged to diminish the amount of inflammable material
injected before cutting same off altogether if desirable.
Figures 2 and 3 illustrate an arrangement of valve gear suitable for governing
in this manner.
The knife edge blade is pivoted to a sliding part reciprocating at every
revolution of the engine and it engages in order with projections from two slides a.

page_text: and b. The slide a actuates the gas valve or oil pump or other oil injection
device, the slide actuates the exhaust valve; « has attached to it the pawl gl
while carries the pawl g. These pawls engage the ratchet wheel which wheel
carries the triangular piece f.
The action is as follows:-
3:
As shown in Figure 2 the blade e actuates the slide a, and thus supplies gas or oil
on its return stroke a is thrust out by a suitable spring and the pawly engaging.
the ratchet wheel causes it to rotate by one tooth or one sixth of a revolution.
This rotates the triangular piece of causing it to assume the position shown in
Figure 3 and thereby depressing the blade against the action of the spring d.
On the next stroke of the blade c it engages the slide b as in Figure 3 and so opens
the exhaust valve."
When returns thrust out by its spring the pawl engages the ratchet wheel
and rotating the triangular piece f another sixth of a revolution presents the flat
side again to e as shown in Figure 2. On the next stroke therefore e engages the
slide a as already explained. In this manner the plate e alternately actuates the
fuel supply and the exhaust valve so long as the speed of the engine remains.
normal or below the normal. When the speed increases the pin e is raised by the.
link e and allows the blade e to assume the position shown in dotted lines at
Figure 2. The blade thus misses the slide a and no gas or oil is supplied. At the.
same time the exhaust valve remains closed as is not operated so that the engine. 1
governs, compressing and expanding a charge of air in its cylinder and this charge
remains till oil or gas is injected and the combustible mixture formed is exploded.
Figures 4, 5 and 6 illustrate another arrangement for the same purpose and in
it the ordinary side shaft F is used to operate the valves. The shaft F carries a
sliding sleeve K controlled by governor lever L and thrust by that lever against.
the spring M when the speed falls. When the speed rises the rise of the governor-
sleeve so moves the lever L that the spring M thrusts out the sleeve K; the
sleeve K carries the exhaust cam K2 and the oil or gas cam K together with a
plate K
When the speed rises the sleeve K assumes the position shown in
Figure 5 and the cam K misses the exhaust roller G while K misses the oil or
gas roller H.
The object of the plate K³ is clearly shown in Figure 6, it prevents the cam K
from engaging with the exhaust roller G by the possible pushing forward of the.
sleeve K by the governor lever L after the passing of the cam K, past the roller HI
and before the cam K2 comes to engage the roller G, that is, the plate K³ prevents.
the sleeve K from being thrust back against the spring M except at a certain
position in the revolution of the sleeve. The roller H may either actuate a gas.
valve or an oil pump or other oil feed arrangement.
In this arrangement also my new governing cycle is carried into effect.
In an engine arranged to work in the manner above described and fitted with a.
governor controlled two to one gear for injection of hydrocarbon together with
suitable vapourizing and igniting arrangements, the exhaust valve may be of the.
kind described in Specification No. 19,868 of 1889, already granted to the present.
applicant. This exhaust valve is so constructed as to be operated automatically
by final pressure of expansion and will of necessity fall into phase with the two to.
one operated injector. It is, however, under certain circumstances, found advisable.
to provide means whereby sequence of action will be positively insured; I prefer
to effect this in the following manner-1 provide a port (see Figure 1) or
passage N opening communication between the cylinder or compression space A
and the actuating chamber C of a pressure actuated exhaust valve B; this port N
is controlled by a valve actuated from any suitable moving part. The cylinder.
pressure is thus permitted to act on the exhaust valve piston E and the said
valve B is opened by the said pressure in the cylinder A at such times as may be.
determined.
The small valve may be of the plug, lift, or slide type.
A rotating plug valve O is shown at Figure 1 for controlling the passage N and

page_text: it is actuated by a ratchet wheel P and pawl. The two to one action on the
exhaust valve piston may be produced by means of the said ratchet wheel and pawl
moved by an eccentric or cam directly rotating on the crank shaft. This ratchet
wheel arrange to rotate the plug valve O which thus opens and closes to the
cylinder on alternate return strokes and so controls the admission of pressure from
the cylinder to the exhaust valve piston E or I cause a spindle rotated in the same
manner to operate a lift valve or valves by suitable cams.
In one construction of exhaust valve C (see Figure 13) suitable for opening by
pressure from the cylinder I arrange the exhaust valve stem with two pistons E, m
so that the piston E nearest to the said valve closes a port connected to the
exhaust pipe or passage o and the second piston works in a second cylinder n
at the outer end of the valve spindle 7; the end of this cylinder nearest to the
first piston and exhaust valve opens to atmosphere by a small hole and the
end of the cylinder n furthest from the exhaust valve connects to the space
between the exhaust valve and the first piston by a passage N.
When pressure
is admitted between the exhaust valve C and the first piston E by a passage N,
the said pressure acts between the lower surface of the exhaust valve C and the
upper surface of the first piston E and also passes to the lower surface of the
second piston_m. The pressure thereupon lifts the valve C and pistons, as
the pressure above the second piston m is only atmospheric. The gases from the
cylinder then pass by the exhaust valve C and the first piston E which is now
lifted out of its cylinder, into the exhaust pipe by the passage o and the said
exhaust valve C and first piston E are respectively held up and open by the
unbalanced pressure of the said exhaust gases acting below the second piston m.
So long as the exhaust gases remain at a pressure slightly above' atmosphere
the exhaust valve. is held open and so it remains open during the whole
exhausting stroke. Instead of a piston valve for passing the gases any other
type of valve may be used and the actuating piston may be connected to the
exhaust valve by lever or other means. This valve it will be readily understood
may be applied to engines in which the pressure of the exhaust gases operates
the valve, or pressures generated in other ways may be so used.
Referring to Figures 8, 9, 10, 10, 11 and 12, one part of my invention relates
to the method of feeding the oil by means of a pump and it is intended to
obviate difficulties at present experienced with petroleum pumps for petroleum
engines.
having in its side
and an overflow
The said channel
return stroke the
In my improved pump (see Figure 8) I arrange a piston
a channel or pockets opening to an oil supply aperture
aperture at each extreme out position of the said piston ?.
or pocket s is thus filled with oil at every stroke and on the
channel or pockets opens at one end to a passage y connected to the engine
cylinder and at the other end to a passage connecting to a space between
the bottom of the oil pump piston and its cylinder end or cover. Air or exhaust
gases entering through the passages fill this space and are compressed by the
movement of the piston r, so that immediately the oil channels opens to the
engine cylinder, at a time when the pressure in the said cylinder is low, the gases
under pressure in the oil pump cylinder force the oil rapidly into the engine
cylinder A and spray it to a very considerable extent against the walls of the
combustion space. The walls of the combustion space then vapourize the oil or
the oil may be so forced into any other vapourizer.
The oil pump preferably has no valves as shown at Figure 8 and on its out
stroke the piston uncovers a port leading to air or exhaust gases and so fills the
cylinder ready to be compressed to inject the oil when required into the engine
vapourizing surface.
The oil is thus rapidly blown into the cylinder or vapourizer by gases under
pressure.
The petroleum supply tank is indicated at a Figure 8.
The supply of oil to the channel or, pocket may be controlled by rotating the

page_text: piston in its cylinder by the action of the governor so as to allow a smaller part
of the channel to be filled with oil. The governor may act in other ways, however,
as by cutting off the oil supply by separate valve.
Instead of having an oil supply channel or pocket in the side of the small piston
used for producing the gaseous pressure to blow through the oil charge, I may
arrange a rotating plug cock P (Figures 10, 104, 11 and 12) rotated by a ratchet
wheel Q and pawl R connected to the piston. A port or chanuel P' in this plug P
alternately opposes oil supply pipe u, under slight pressure which fills the port P
and passes the excess oil to an overflow , and an aperture y leading to the engine
cylinder on one side with an aperture connecting to the small cylinder w¹ on the
other side. The gaseous pressure in the small cylinder then blows through the
oil passage P1 and discharges the oil into the engine cylinder or vapourizer.
201
The plug P thus rotates by the ratchet wheel and pawl so that the engine
receives an oil charge at every second stroke.
The governing may be effected by litting the pawl R out of the ratchet wheel Q
and so stopping the rotation of the plug and consequently the supply of oil.
The plunger carries a projection which operates the small plunger O so that'
both and move simultaneously.
ма
The pin S carries the link S which connects to the pawl R and actuates it. Ou
the out stroke of the plungers the plug P is in the position shown in Figure 10 and
oil is drawn through the passage P from the pipe u so that the space P is quite
filled with oil before it is rotated.
On the back stroke of the plungers the excess oil is forced by the plunger O to
the reservoir by the pipe e, a ball or other check valve being adopted to prevent
return.
The ratchet wheel Q has four teeth and the pawl R is weighted so that it acts as
a governor when the engine runs too fast.
Figure 10 shows clearly the arrangement of link S, pawl R and ratchet wheel Q
as applied to rotate the plug P.
Figure 11 is a sectional plan of the cylinder to and the plug P showing the
aperture P in line with the discharge hole and the passage y.
The rotating plug P is also arranged with apertures to supply air or other gases
to the small air cylinder w these apertures are not shown as they are readily
understood.
Figure 12 shows the whole arrangement illustrated at Figures 10, 10 and 11
as applied to an engine where A is the combustion chamber and y the oil injection
pipe.
.
The governing may also be effected by closing or stopping flame connection with
the igniter tube in which case a charge of inflammable mixture is alternately com-
pressed and expanded in the cylinder till the governor again opens to the ignition
tube. In the latter case the pawl is not lifted out of gear with the ratchet wheel Q
but the steps are made slightly longer than the sweep of the said pawl so that the
pawl cannot engage the next step without some external assistance. This external
assistance is only given (see Figure 9) after the charge in the cylinder has been
ignited and it may be performed in various ways. Thus an auxiliary pawl T
(Figure 9) may engage a step-and the exhaust or working pressure may act upon a
small piston U to move this pawl and so rotate the ratchet wheel Q sufficiently to
allow the main pawl R to fall into gear. The auxiliary pawl also may be operated
either from the exhaust or inlet valve. In this manner the oil feed arrangements
are kept in place with the engine cycle. .
Instead of using a small pump to compress gases for injecting oil, I sometimes
retain a portion of the gases under pressure in a reservoir, which gases I take from
the cylinder or exhaust chamber. These gases I use to inject oil by the plug or
other valve.
The rotating oil feed plug in another arrangement may have separate ports to
admit pressure from the cylinder to the exhaust valve operating piston or pistons

page_text: and so the two to one action of both engine and oil feed may be obtained from the
one ratchet wheel and pawl rotated plug.
In this case also the governor may act upon the pawl to suspend the operation of
the engine when required.
In petroleum engines utilizing the before mentioned improvements I prefer to
ignite the inflammable mixture by means of the hot sides of the combustion space
in a well known manner.
When light oils are used in my improved oil engine I sometimes arrange the
exhaust valve C (Figure 7) to pass the inlet charge as well as the exhaust, and I
arrange my vapourizer in or as part of the exhaust passage between an air inlet
valve V and the exhaust valve C so that the vapourizing may be performed by the
waste heat of the exhaust gases. The vapourizing surfaces may be ribbed or
corrugated and the oil may be injected into the vapourizing chamber V at V2 on
the surfaces in any convenient manner. When my automatic valve is applied the
-oil vapour is effectively retained by the actuating piston as seen at Figure 7. The
lever W actuated by the piston E when the said piston opens the valve C, also
opens the valve C¹ so that the exhaust gases discharge by C and C. The oil is
injected by the aperture V and when air passes through V₁ the oil vapour is
.swept into the cylinder throngh the valve C which can lift independently of the
piston E.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. Governing a gas or petroleum engine by stopping the fuel supply and so
controlling the inlet and exhaust valves, that an air charge taken into the cylinder
is alternately compressed into the compression space and expanded without being
discharged and when speed falls and an impulse is required, oil or fuel is injected
into the air charge to make an inflammable charge which is ignited when under
compression, substantially as and for the purposes. hereinbefore described and
illustrated.
2. Governing a gas or petroleum engine in the manner described in the preceding
claim by mechanism hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6
of the accompanying drawings.
3. Operating the exhaust valve of a gas or petroleum engine by means of gases
.under pressure controlled by a rotating plug valve, substantially as hereinbefore
described, reference being had to Figure 1 of the drawings.
4. Injecting oil fuel into an cil engine by means of air under pressure, the said
oil fuel being measured by means of a recess, cavity or passage in a piston or a plug
or other valve.
5. The arrangement of air pressure pump and oil injecting device hereinbefore
described with reference to Figure 8 of the accompanying drawings.
6. The arrangement of air pump and oil injecting and measuring device herein-
before described with reference to Figures 10, 104, 11 and 12 of the accompanying
drawings in which oil is passed through a passage in a rotating plug valve.
7. The arrangement of auxiliary pawl assisting to operate a ratchet wheel by
means of pressure operating a piston as and for the purposes hereinbefore described
with reference to Figure 9 of the drawings..
8. The vapourizing arrangement shown at Figure 7 of the accompanying drawings
as hereinbefore described.
L
T
MARKS & CLERK,
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for the Applicant.