IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED IN WEAVING."
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Rodgers Samuels, of Nottingham, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED IN WEAVING."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Rodgers Samuels
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st May 1860.
I, SAMUEL RODGERS SAMUELS, of Nottingham, do hereby declare the nature
of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED IN WEAVING," to be
as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery used in
weaving. For these purposes the batten is moved to and fro in the ordinary
manner, but in place of the dents of the reed for each fabric being upright,
and the shed or sheds of the warps opened horizontally, the dents of the reed
for each fabric are arranged in a horizontal position, and the shed or sheds in
the warp is or are opened so as to cause the fabrics to be woven in an upright
or vertical position, the shuttle or shuttles used in weaving each fabric being
caused to rise and fall in an upright position in place of passing in a horizontal
position. And it is preferred that the shuttles should be arranged so as to be
actuated by racks and pinions in a somewhat similar manner to that by which

page_text: shuttles have before been actuated in looms employed for weaving narrow
goods, the apparatus being suitably arranged to move the shuttles up and down
through the sheds in place of horizontally as heretofore.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Samuel Rodgers Samuels in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 21st November 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
RODGERS SAMUELS, of Nottingham, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Samuel Rodgers Samuels, Her special licence that I, the said Samuels Rodgers
Samuel, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Samuel Rodgers Samuels, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED IN WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Samuel Rodgers Samuels, my executors
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
or
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Rodgers Samuels, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery used in weaving.
For these purposes the batten is moved to and fro in the ordinary manner,
but in place of the dents of the reed for each fabric being upright, and the
shed or sheds of the warps opened horizontally the dents of the reed for each
fabric are arranged in a horizontal position, and the shed or sheds in the warp

page_text: as to be actuated by racks and pinions in a somewhat similar manner to that
by which shuttles have before been actuated in looms employed for weaving
narrow goods, the apparatus being suitably arranged to move the shuttles up
and down through the sheds in place of horizontally as heretofore.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed more
fully to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a machine constructed and combined
according to my Invention. Figure 2 shews a plan of part of the left hand
end of the machine. Figure 3 is part of a plan of the right hand end of the
machine, and Figure 4 is an end view of the same. In each of these Figures
the same letters of reference are used to indicate the same parts. a, a, is the
framing of the machine; b, b, is the batten carrying as many reeds c, c, as there
are narrow fabrics intended to be made by the machine. The dents of the
reeds are in a horizontal position. The batten b, b, is mounted on a carriage
d, d, which is mounted and is moved on rollers e, e, at each side of the
machine. The carriage d, and batten b, carried thereby are moved to and fro
by means of the crank shaft f and connecting rods g, g. The take up of the
fabrics is derived from the motion of the carriage d by means of the finger g³,
which gives motion to the lever h, on the upper part of which is a driver i,
which takes into the teeth of the ratchet wheel on the shaft or axis k on
which there are as many worms k² as there are narrow fabrics woven by the
machine. The worms k¹ give motion to their respective worm wheels on the
upright axes 1, 1, on which the several narrow fabrics are respectively wound.
The several warp threads are passed through perforated warp bars m, m,
which are by preference constructed of thin sheet steel such as those used in
twist lace machines, though other thin metal may be used. In the Drawings
the parts, are arranged to open a single shed in each of the warps for the
passage of a single shuttle, but it will be evident that machines may be made
with battens arranged to carry and work more shuttles than one to each
narrow fabric, and that provision may be made for simultaneously opening two
or more sheds in each of the warps, in order that the two or more shuttles
may be moved through such sheds, either simultaneously or in succession as
has heretofore been the case when constructing and working looms or machines,

page_text: the dents of the 'reeds of which are vertical. The warp bars which are
attached to the levers n', n', are actuated by cams n, n, on the shaft or axis o,
which derives its motion from the crank shaft f, as shewn in the Drawings.
p. p, are the shuttles which are similar to those used in the ordinary looms or
machines employed for weaving narrow fabrics; they are each made with a
toothed rack suitable for their being actuated by means of pinions r, r, on the
shafts or axes 8, 8, which receive motion by a toothed rack q, which in the
Drawing is a sector mounted on a lever q', and such sector takes into and
actuates the pinions q³ at one of the ends of the shafts or axes s, 8, and such
lever and sector q, q', receive motion from the driving shaft as is shewn by the
Drawings; or a straight toothed rack may be used in place of the sector rack,
and simply moved up and down. The several warps are wound on bobbins or
rollers t, t, which are placed on vertical axes or pins u, and friction is applied
to the rollers or bobbins by means of bands and weighted levers as is shewn in
the Drawings, and as is well understood. I would state that although I prefer
that the shuttles inay be actuated by racks and pinions a workman acquainted
with this class of looms will understand that the machinery may in place
thereof be readily arranged to actuate the shuttles employed by what is known
as the peg motion.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, I would have it understood that I make no claim to
any of the mechanical parts separately but what I claim is the combination
herein described whereby the dents of the reeds are arranged horizontally, the
sheds in the warps are opened vertically, and the shuttles are caused to rise
and fall in an upright position as herein explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Rodgers Samuels, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
S. K. SAMUELS.
(L.S.)