Improvements in and connected with Composition Covered Rollers employed in Textile Spinning and for like uses, and in Means or Apparatus employed in the Manufacture thereof.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Feb., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 1st July, 1898-Accepted, 6th Aug., 1898
Date of Application, 14th Feb., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 1st July, 1898—Accepted, 6th Aug., 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Composition Covered Rollers
employed in Textile Spinning and for like uses, and in Means or
Apparatus employed in the Manufacture thereof.
I, ANDREW BENNIE, of The Thornton Woollen Mill Company, in the City of
St. Petersburg, in the Empire of Russia, Spinner, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
:-
In the operations of spinning, leather is largely made use of as a covering for
bosses and rollers, and for rollers used in like manner, but such material is
expensive, liable to become worn and useless and has other inconveniences.
"
According to my invention I provide an improved composition, or compositions,
as a substitute for leather for such purposes as the coverings of rollers and bosses
of spinning machinery the cylinders or " barrels of cap twisting frames (which
cylinders or barrels as at present used consist of an iron cylinder affixed to a
spindle working vertically, around which cylinder the thread is passed whilst to
prevent slip, a cover of leather is placed thereon, but being thin this leather soon
wears through) and for the like uses, and I make use of the following ingredients
in suitable proportions, that is to say;
Leather dust, (sawdust, or like waste material is in some cases introduced
in a small proportion in place of, or in addition to, a portion of the leather dust)
mixed with gelatine and india rubber solution-or one of them, or other equivalent
adhesive material or mixture of materials and a proportion of acetic acid and
tannic acid with addition of water, then. boiling the mixture in a suitable vessel
until complete incorporation of the whole has been effected, but in some cases
mixing the leather with the other matter after the boiling. The composition is
then placed in suitable moulds and subjected to sufficient pressure.
As an instance of the application of the invention, I find that, for spinning
bosses or rollers, the following formula answers well; viz.
1
whole mass.
For softer descriptions of rollers-The above ingredients excepting the leather
dust are then boiled together and the resulting material is spread over the leather
dust on a suitable table and the whole is incorporated thoroughly into a wet
dough and this dough is then weighed off for each mould.
The above mentioned additional weight of water is if added designed to com-
CD
077

page_text: pensate for the evaporation that may take place in boiling the whole together in
the following manner that is to say I first put into a boiler the gelatine, the india
rubber solution and the tannic acid and the acetic acid together with the 8% of
water; after this mixture has become dissolved and thoroughly mixed, I then
add the additional water (the weight of the whole mass) and for harder descrip-
tions of rollers I then add slowly, the leather dust (or if such is used the saw
dust and leather dust which have been previously thoroughly mixed on a table)
and whilst adding the leather dust to the previously mentioned contents of the
boiler I stir the mass vigorously until the whole becomes thoroughly mixed and
assumes the form of wet dough, I then empty the whole upon a table and weigh
off a proportionate portion for each mould as before.
These formula apply for spinning, twisting, drawing off rollers and the like
especially.
The matter is then placed in the moulds and subjected say to a pressure of a
quarter of a ton to the square inch-such as by means of a hydraulic press-the
use of a hydraulic press insures a constant pressure as the ram follows up the con-
traction of the composition.
After the rollers have become sufficiently pressed they are dried at an ordinary
temperature for say a period of fourteen days. They can then be turned up (as
in a lathe) ready for use.
In the use of spinning and drawing rollers it is found desirable to prevent
any crumbling away, or roughening of the edges of the composition at the peri-
pheries of the rollers, or like parts, and this I effect by the application at the sides
of the rollers of protective discs, or plates of wood or other suitable material which
are glued or similarly fastened to the sides of the bosses or other parts, tapering
preferably from the arbor down to a thin edge.
For instance in the case of rollers in spinning machines to serve for the delivery
mounted in twin sets or pairs on steel spindles I apply at each side of each roller
on the spindle and tight up against the wood bosses and composition covering
ring a disc of wood or other suitable material which may be thicker near the part
where the axis or spindle passes through it and slope off all round to a fine edge
at or adjacent to the periphery. Suitable cement is employed to affix the discs
to the rollers such as a preparation of glue.
In the case of "twisting" or like rollers where a cast iron, or other metal, base
is employed secured to the roller I construct these as follows:-
The composition is moulded around a wooden ferrule, or cylinder leaving a
suitable bore for the spindle to pass through. The metal base is formed for con-
venience grooved and with holes therethrough from side to side and through
these are passed wooden pegs, screws or equivalent which pass into the com-
position and hold the whole tightly together.
Similarly means of connection may be used for similar parts of other forms.
An alternative composition I find to answer well for the cylinders or barrels
of the cap twister frame and the like, is as follows:-
Leather Dust
Gelatine
India Rubber Solution
Acetic Acid
711
48 per centum
20 do. do.
20 do. do.
2 do.
do.

page_text: Which dies are tapped to receive bolts a cast iron or like, roller rests within
each hole upon a wooden or like boss that is to be covered with the compressed
composition and the boss rests on die, a screw bolt, or equivalent fastening, being
passed through the roller, boss and die, to hold them relatively in correct position.
The composition is fed, or introduced, in suitable quantity into the space be-
tween the die plate the roller and the die, and a press cylinder being brought to
bear on the composition, the same is pressed thereon, between the top of the
press and the face plate of the press, until the cylinder sinks in the annular space
so as to press the composition to the thickness of the boss it is to form a covering
for.
The parts are then disengaged and the roller formed on the boss is disconnected
from the die by removal of the screw bolt-ready for drying and finishing.
Improvements in and connected with Composition Covered Rollers
employed in Textile Spinning and for like uses, and in Means or
Apparatus employed in the Manufacture thereof.
I, ANDREW BENNIE, of The Thornton Woollen Mill Company, in the City of
St. Petersburg in the Empire of Russia, Spinner, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be par-
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:
In the operation of spinning, leather is largely made use of as a covering for
bosses and rollers, and for rollers used in like manner, but such material is
expensive, liable to become worn and useless and has other inconveniences.
According to my invention I provide an improved composition, or compositions,
as a substitute for leather for such purposes as the coverings of rollers and bosses
of spinning machinery, the cylinders or barrels of cap twisting frames (which
cylinders, or barrels, as at present used consist of an iron cylinder affixed to a
spindle working vertically, around which cylinder the thread is passed, whilst
to prevent slip, a cover is passed and fixed thereover, said cover being of leather
which material being of a thin character soon wears through) and for the like
uses, and I make use of the following ingredients in suitable proportions; that
is to say:-
Leather-dust (saw-dust, or like waste material is in some cases introduced, in
a small proportion, in place of, or in addition to, a portion of the leather dust)
mixed with gelatine and india rubber solution or one of those matters, or other
equivalent adhesive matter, or mixture of materials and a proportion of acetic
acid and tannic acid with addition of water and glycerine.
This mixture is then boiled in a suitable vessel until complete incorporation
of the whole has been effected.
In some cases I find it is preferable to effect the admixture of the leather dust
with the other matter referred to after the boiling thereof has been finished.
The composition is then placed in suitable moulds and therein is subjected to
sufficient pressure to efficiently consolidate the composition.
The following is an example of the proportions of the matters suitable for

page_text: carrying out the invention, as applied for bosses, or rollers, used in spinning,
that is to say:-
Leather-dust (from)...
Gelatine
Rubber Solution
Glycerine
Water
Acetic Acid
42 parts
20
"
5
"
26
دو
"
2
"
100 parts.
The proportions of the respective materials will however require to be some-
what modified to meet the particular requirements of users.
I have found it advantageous to employ a large proportion of glycerine in
substitution for such a proportion of water, as the medium in which to mix and
boil the other matters, as with the larger body of glycerine and the smaller pro-
portion of water I find that the resultant composition is more solid and homo-
geneous and not so liable to be riddled with blow holes, or hollow spaces, but at
the same time the greater proportion or all of the liquid employed as the medium
in which to boil the other substances may be water, although I have not found
the result in practice to be so good.
In such case supposing 8 parts of water to be first added I should add water to
the extent of say about one quarter of the weight of the entire mass, in order to
compensate for the evaporation that takes place during the boiling.
The modus operandi I prefer is to first introduce into the boiler the gelatine,
the india rubber solution and the acetic acid (or acetic acid and tannic acid if
preferred) and a proportion of water (or glycerine and water) say about enough
to make a well admixed uniform soft dough when boiled until the whole has
become dissolved and thoroughly mixed. I then add the remaining
quantity of glycerine (or glycerine and water, or water as the case may be).
For softer descriptions of composition covered rollers, the above ingredients,
excepting the leather dust, are boiled together and the resultant mass is spread
over the leather dust on a suitable table and the whole then thoroughly incor-
porated into a wet dough, and this dough is then weighed off into suitable
quantities for the respective moulds.
For harder descriptions of composition covered rollers, I add slowly the leather
dust, whilst vigorously stirring, to the previously described contents of the boiler―
continuing the stirring until the whole mass becomes converted into a uniform
well mixed wet dough. This dough I remove to a table and weigh off in pro-
portionate quantities for the various moulds, as before.
The above formulæ are applicable particularly in the preparation of my im-
proved composition covered rollers for use in spinning and drawing rollers, but
for composition covered rollers for use in twisting textile fibres I prefer to employ
a modified composition as follows:-

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows by a front elevation, mainly in section, a mould in three com-
partments A, B, C; the first compartment A being prepared with the wood boss a,
in situ, clamped between the bottom plate b and the upper holding block c, by
means of the screw bolt d the head of which d¹ presses on the block c whilst the
thread thereof engages a like thread in the base plate b. e is the platform line
of the press and f is a hollow or cylindrical die or pressing piece, said die being
shown, in the compartment B, as about to press the loose composition a¹ which
is shown as filling the space a* a*, whilst in the compartment C this die f is
shown as having compressed the composition a¹ in said space and compacted it to
the thickness of the outer edge of the boss a. g, indicate the sides or sur-
rounding walls of the moulding blocks. h, h indicate the upper surfaces of the
hydraulic press.
Fig. 2 is a plan view of the moulding block and parts secured in position.
Fig. 3 shows a similar view to that indicated by Fig. 1, of parts which are
operated in a similar way and are marked with corresponding letters of reference,
and
Fig. 4 is a plan.
This modification is designed for use in moulding, twisting or like rollers such
as are hereinafter more particularly described with reference to Figs. 8 and 9.
In these Figs. 3 and 4, the left hand compartment is shown empty whilst that
to the right hand has in place the base plate b, the roller boss a, the upper
block c, the retaining screw bolt d, the head being bedded in the plate b and
its thread engaged in block c.
The cylindrical die f descends to the point a* flush with the top of the roller
boss.
Fig. 5 shows a side view, Fig. 6 shows a front view and Fig. 7 shows a view
taken from between the two halves of Fig. 6, of a pair of composition covered
rollers mounted on an axis or spindle generally formed of steel.
Fig. 8 shows a section, Fig. 9 a front elevation, Fig 10 an upper side view and
Fig. 11 an underside view of a twisting roller such as is referred to with reference
to the moulding apparatus in Figs. 3 and 4.
Referring to Figs. 5, 6 and 7. In the use of spinning and drawing rollers of
this improved composition it is found desirable to prevent any crumbling away
or roughening of the edges of the composition at the peripheries of the com-
position roller or of like parts.
This object is sought to be attained, as shown in said figures, by the application
at the sides of these rollers a of protective discs or plates of wood a³, or other
suitable material, which plates a² are glued, or similarly fastened to the sides of
the bosses a, or other equivalent parts, tapering preferably, as shown, from the
arbor down to a thin, or knife edge.
For instance, in the illustration given in Fig. 6 of rollers for use in spinning
machines destined to serve for the delivery of the yarn and mounted in twin sets
or pairs on steel spindles, I apply at each side of each roller boss a on the spindle s
and tight up against it, and the composition ring a¹ the wood plates, protectors
or discs a²; the discs of wood, or other suitable material a² may be as shown
thicker near, or at the part, where the axis, or spindle, passes through it and
slope off all round to a fine edge as already stated, or otherwise.
Referring to Figs. 8, 9, 10 and 11 wherein is shown a roller A* of the kind
employed for the twisting," or the like operation, in preparing fibres for weav-
ing and such like, where a cast iron or other metal base is employed secured to
the roller base a³ by means of screws a or the like, and having a flange as as
usual, I construct the composition covering upon such rollers as follows:-
The composition a¹ is moulded as already described in respect to Figs. 8 to 11
around the wooden ferrule, cylinder or roller boss a leaving a suitable bore a
for the spindle of the machine to pass through it as usual.
The metal base a³ which for convenience is formed with grooves a, a' and with

page_text: holes as therethrough from side to side of the metal base a³ and through these
holes as are passed wooden pegs, screws or equivalent fastenings, which pass into
the wood or like cylinder and serve to aid in holding the whole roller together.
Similar means of connection may be used for similar parts of other forms of
rollers.
Referring to Figs. 1 to 4 any convenient set of moulds may be formed in the
mould plate and a corresponding repetition of parts of the kind described provided
to, cooperate to produce a series of composition rings upon a series of bosses or
rollers may be provided to be operated at one movement of the press.
The composition is fed or introduced, in suitable quantity, into the spaces be-
tween the walls of the moulds in the die plate, the rollers or bosses, the dies, and
the top and bottom plates and then the dies are pressed by the press until the
parts compress the material to the adjusted thickness of rings around so many
bosses or roller foundations to form their coverings. Then the parts are separated
and the covered rollers or bosses removed-the releasing of the screws admitting
of the top and bottom plates being removed, the screw bolts occupying the open-
ings afterwards filled by the axes or spindles.
The improved composition rollers possess the following amongst other advan-
tages viz.-Greatly increased durability, non-liability to clog or gather fibre,
less pressure is required by means of the springs, capability of being driven with
a narrower driving belt, avoidance of danger of uneven production of yarn owing
to the absence of any join in the material forming their working surface, produc-
tion of a softer yarn than is produced by leather, and greater capability of
resistance to the effects of atmosphere, or climate..
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. The improved combinations of materials and method of applying the same
in the formation of composition covered rollers for employment in textile spin-
ning, and like uses, substantially as described.
2. The use of composition covered rollers in textile spinning and machinery
for other like uses, composed of the materials and prepared by the method, sub-
stantially as hereinbefore set forth.
3. The method or process of and means or apparatus for, manufacturing com-
position covered rollers for use in spinning textile fibres or yarns and for like
use, all substantially as and for the purposes herein before set forth and illus-
trated by the drawings.
0011
f T
1000
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55/56, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.