AN HYDRAULIC MACHINE OR APPARATUS OF A CENTRIFUGAL FORCE, APPLICABLE TO THE RAISING OR FORCING WATER
Year: 1834

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, LOUIS
BRUNIER, of Vine Yard Walk, in the Parish of Clerkenwell, in the County
of Middlesex, Architect and Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Eighth day of May, in the fourth year of Flis reign, did for
Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Louis
Brunier, His especial licence, that I, the said Louis Brunier, my exors,
adñiors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Louis Brunier, my exors,
adñiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales,
and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "AN HYDRAULIC
MACHINE OR APPARATUS OF A CENTRIFUGAL FORCE, APPLICABLE TO THE RAISING
OR FORCING WATER;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso
obliging me, the said Louis Brunier, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause
the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said recited
Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will
more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Louis Brunier, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention to consist in

page_text: Figure 1 represents a sectional elevation of the said apparatus. A is a
reservoir of water, and may be the water of a river, a mine, a well, or the
like, the object of the said apparatus being to raise the water into the tank
or receiver B placed considerably above its own level, merely by the centri-
fugal force acquired by the water on allowing it to rush from the lower part
of the said receiver A into a series of circular channels, as herein-after more
particularly described. C is a conduit trough to allow the water in A to rush
out into the said circular channels; and D is a valve to stop or check the
rush of water as may be required; this valve is worked by the crank E,
which is acted upon by the operator, when required, by means of the handle F,
and the valve is connected with the crank by means of the rod G, the valve
being of an oblong shape; there are two rods like G which have two attach-
ments to the valve, as is shown on the plan, and the lever or crank E is
stirrup-formed at the short end, as shown by Figure 9; Y is a small catch to
hold the crank down when required to keep the valve constantly open.
Having now described the mode of admitting a rush of water into the
circular channels, I will, before I leave this Figure, proceed to describe the
means by which it escapes out of those channels, and will reserve the par-
ticular description of the channels themselves till I am describing the other
Figures which more immediately refer to them. The water admitted through
the trough C into the circular channels, shown here in section at r, r, 1, 1, 1,
being at length allowed to escape from them, as will be hereafter explained,
rushes out with great force into the exit pipe I, which is only one of a series
as will be hereafter explained, and which it will be observed has a conical end
'1, fitted to it, out of which the water escapes into the bent pipe J, which is in
fact an ascension pipe leading to the elevated receiver B. It will be observed
that the bent end of the ascension pipe J is fitted with a cap or end piece K
flanged on to it, having a conical hole L in it exactly under and corresponding
with the conical aperture at the end of the exit pipe. How the water

page_text: acquires the force with which it enters the aperture L at the end of the bent:
end of the ascension pipe J will be shown hereafter, suffice it at present to say,
that it enters that aperture with sufficient force to fill the ascension pipe J and
cause the water to flow over at its upper end into the receiver B, where in this
Figure six out of the series of ascension pipes are seen with water following.
from them into the receiver. From the receiver B the water may be carried
by the shoot M to act upon a water wheel if mechanical power is the object.
to be obtained, and thence again into the reservoir A, in which case when it
is required to stop the wheel, the valve N may be opened by means of the:
cord O, which will prevent the water passing through the shoot, and cause it,
to flow down the pipe P into the reservoir A; the pullies Q, Q, Q, are merely.
guide pullies for the cord O to pass over, in order that it may be led through
the conduit pipe R in the receiver B, so as finally to come conveniently to the
hand of the operator at S.
Having now described the manner in which the water enters into and
escapes from that part of the apparatus which contains the circular channels,
and which I call the channel box, I will proceed inore particularly to describe
the same.
Figure 2 is a sectional plan of the channel box, taken on the line W, W,
of Figure 3, the part T fits or flanges on to the trough C in Figure 1, and is
what I call the channel neck, it is flat-sided and divided internally into 5
channels or passages a, b, c. d, and e, cach leading into a corresponding circular
channel in the channel box; the divisions which form the circular channels are
marked f, g, h, and l, and this arrangement will, of course, leave a circular
opening through the centre of the box. The bottom of each circular channel
is an inclined plane, gradually rising from where it joins the bottom of the
channel neck until it reaches the top of the channel neck, after which the
incline ceases, and the horizontal top of the channel neck forms the bottom of
the circular channel. In cach of the divisions f, g, h, and 1, are eight
openings like port holes, nearly as deep as the divisions are over the channel
neck, and radiating from the centre, so that though those of the inner
or central division are square, they become more and more oblong in each
successive division, till they reach the exit pipe H opposite to them, which it
will be seen contracts again to a square at its outer extremity; the parts of
the divisions between the port holes are pierced with small cullendar holes,
and the vertical sides of those parts are cut at an angle forming a tangent
to the circle in the direction of the motion of the water to facilitate its exit
through the port holes, as is shown by the sectional plan diagram at Figure 10.
Figure 3 is a vertical section of the channel neck and channel box, taken on

page_text: the line X, X, of Figure 2; and Figure 4 is a similar section, with the
divisions which form the circular channels omitted. Figure 5 is a side
elevation of the channel neck and channel box. Figure 6 is the curved end
or joint of the exit pipe II, and as it is flanged on to the square exit pipe II at
one end and to the conical end I at the other, so this curved joint must change
its form from square to round in the space of its length (that is to say), one end
must be as represented at Figure 7, and the other as at Figure 8; Figure 11
is a plan of the apparatus shown at Figure 1; and as similar letters are used
to denote similar parts in all the Figures, no further description will be neces-
sary here; this Figure shows the whole series of ascending pipes, but as the
plan is supposed to be taken on the line Z, Z. of Figure 1, the receiver Bis
not seen. The dotted lines of the channels neck show the tangent at which
the water should enter the circular channels from the channels of the channel
neck. D is the valve which admits the water from the reservoir A into the
channel neck. As some of the proportions are important in this Invention,
although I have given a scale which might be sufficient for the purpose of
manufacturing the apparatus, I will now state those proportions in figures.
In the first place then, the centre opening in the channel box should be about
one-sixth of the diameter of the outer circular channel. Secondly, the
divisions of the circular channels should be as thin as possible consistent
with necessary strength, and the channels themselves should increase in width
or diameter from the centre in reference to each other in geometrical pro-
gression, the first term of that progression being the centre opening. Thirdly,
each of the openings, or as I have called them port holes, in the divisions
of the circular channels, should be one-sixteenth of the whole circumference
of the channel in width, and of the height of the opening from the channel
neck where it enters the circular channel in height. Fourthly, the sum of
the apertures at the end of the twelve cones I should be equal to of the
sum of the apertures of the five channels in the channel neck where they
enter the circular channels. Lastly, the distance between the end of the
cone I and the top of the conical aperture beneath it, where the water enters
the ascension pipe, should be about half or three quarters of the diameter
of the opening at the end of the cone, and the conical aperture beneath
should be at its smaller or lower end larger than the aperture at the lower
end of the cone I.
Now, whereas I claim as my Invention an hydraulic apparatus such as is
herein-before described, whereby I am enabled to apply the centrifugal force
acquired by a column of water when allowed to rush into a circular channel
in a direction forming a tangent with the said circular channel, to raise water

page_text: above the level of the said column, as herein-before set forth; and such my
Invention being, to the best of my knowledge and belief, entirely new, and
never before used within that part of His said Majesty's United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland called England, His said Dominions of Wales
or Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, I do hereby declare this to be my Specifi
cation of the same, and that I do verily believe this my said Specification doth
comply in all respects, fully and without reserve or disguise, with the proviso
in the said herein-before in part recited Letters Patent contained; wherefore
1 do hereby claim to maintain exclusive right and privilege to my said
Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Louis Brunier, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventh day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-four.