NEW OR IMPROVED CYLINDER-CLEANING APPARATUS FOR SPINNING MACHINES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Carl Pieper, of Dresden, Saxony, for the Invention of
"NEW OR IMPROVED CYLINDER-CLEANING APPARATUS FOR SPINNING MACHINES."
A communication from Johann Georg Bodemer, a person resident at Zschopau,
Saxonv
Sealed the 18th May 1877, and dated the 20th November 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Carl Pieper at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th November 1876.
CARL PIEPER, of Dresden, Saxony.
APPARATUS FOR SPINNING MACHINES."
NEW OR IMPROVED CYLINDER-CLEANING
(A communication from Johann Georg
Bodemer, a person resident at Zschopau, Saxony).
This simple and useful apparatus, capable of being easily applied, has the object to
completely dispense with the inconveniences derived from the waste of cotton or
wool in drawing frames, slubbing frames, roving frames, self-acting mules, when
treated in the ordinary way.
All top cylinders detain fibres of the cotton or wool passing under them, which.
if not properly cleaned off, induce the cylinders to curl or roll. To avoid this the top
cylinders are cleaned in different ways, the commonest for the first kind of machines
being the placing of small boards lined with cloth or plush above the cylinders. The
fibres are retained by the cloth and form accumulations of waste which must be
taken off every half hour lest they should be taken along and run into the sliver.
Either they are big enough to produce a breaking of the sliver, or when smaller
they go with the sliver unobserved and produce an uneven thread. On the drawing
frame they are the worse enemy of the spinner, where they are produced in greater
quantity on account of the want of twist of the sliver. To prevent this incon-
venience many trials have been made, especially for drawing frames, by the applica-
tion of different apparatus; one of them, for instance, substitutes the resting cloth
by an endless travelling one, extended over two rollers, and moved by friction from
the top cylinders. This has the advantage that continually a new surface of contact
is proffered to the cylinder, and that large accumulations may easily be noticed by
the operator. However, another, perhaps still greater inconvenience, is arising
here. The waste does no longer turn up in the usual way, but is loosely hanging
to the cloth, forming very soon into curled thin rolls that fall into the sliver much

page_text: easier than from the flats. Both methods moreover have the great inconvenience
that the cloths are very soon dirty, greasy, and used up, admitting but an imperfect
cleaning so as to allow the cylinders the more to roll up.
The object I had in view in my efforts was to dispense with all above-mentioned
defects, and I succeeded in a very simple manner. As mentioned already, rolls
form on the travelling cloth, shewing clearly to a close observer the existence of a
process of rolling. Suppose a drawing frame provided with four cylinders, one after
the other, the front cylinder having the velocity 6, the back cylinder a velocity = 1;
whenever the cloth is resting on these cylinders it will have the tendency to
acquire the same velocity, but being in one piece it necessarily cannot follow the
fast turning cylinder No. 1, but will move quicker than cylinder 4, and will have
an average velocity of 3. The rolling process now is simply this:-A certain piece
of cloth 1, when moving over the front cylinder slower than the circumferential
speed of the latter, has a relatively negative velocity, and the here retained fibres
are rolled forward; 2, when moving over the back cylinder (quicker than its
circumferential speed has a relatively positive velocity, and the here retained
fibres are rolled backward. For this reason the cloth ought to have a velocity
either at least as fast as the circumferential speed of the first cylinder, or at least
as slow as that of the back cylinder. The latter being preferable, I cause. the cloth
to move slowly by using a brake, or putting a tightened rope across the rollers, or
in the simplest way of all, by making the roller above the back cylinder very heavy,
the one over the front cylinder very light. This in connection with the retardation,
resulting from friction in the bearings, produces the desired low speed, and therewith
an excellent result, for a perfectly uniform and consistent lap is formed, which need
be taken off after six or eight weeks only, having no loose parts, and moreover
having the great advantages to offer to the cylinders a continually renewed clean
surface, thereby reducing the rolling up of the cylinders to a minimum, and to allow
the cloth being used for a very long time.
It may be observed in self-acting mules, by raising the front cylinder, that the
cleaning roller (between the front and middle cylinder) covers itself with a lap
under certain quite favorable circumstances. The reason is simply to be found in
the greater part of weight of the cleaning roller lying on the middle cylinder, the
former thereby acquiring a slower motion. But even with cylinders fitted in one
level the same may be attained when the cleaning roller is braked in a convenient
way, i.c., by tying a string, etc., over it.
Another method consists in making the roller hollow and filling it with small
shot. During the revolution the small shot will always gather on the upward
moving side, and thereby produce a shifting of the centre of gravity towards the
middle of cylinder.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by the
said Carl Pieper in the Great Seal
CARL PIEPER, of Dresden, Saxony.
APPARATUS FOR SPINNING MACHINES."
Patent Office on the 18th May 1877.
NEW OR IMPROVED CYLINDER-CLEANING
A communication from Johann George
Bodemer, a person resident at Zschopau, Saxony.
This simple and useful apparatus, capable of being easily applied, has the object
to completely dispense with the inconvenience derived from the waste of cotton or
wool in drawing frames, slubbing frames, roving frames, self-acting mules, when
treated in the ordinary way.
All top cylinders detain fibres of the cotton or wool passing under them, which
if not properly cleaned off induce the cylinders to curl or roll. To avoid this the top
cylinders are cleaned in different ways, the commonest for drawing frames being
the placing of small boards lined with cloth or plush above the cylinders. The
fibres are retained by the cloth and form accumulations of waste which must be

page_text: taken off every half hour lest they should be taken along and run into the sliver.
Either they are big enough to produce a breaking of the sliver, or when smaller
they go with the sliver unobserved and produce a thread of inferior quality. On
the drawing frame they are the worst enemy of the spinner, where they are produced
in greater quantity on account of the want of twist of the sliver. To prevent
this inconvenience many trials have been made, especially for drawing frames, by
the application of different apparatus; one of them, for instance, substitutes the
resting cloth by an endless travelling one extended over two rollers, and moved by
the friction of the top cylinders. Fig. 1 shows the best practical way how to
arrange the cloth for this purpose. This disposition has the advantage that con-
tinually a new surface of contact is presented to the cylinder, and that larger
accumulations of waste are easily noticed by the operator. However, another
perhaps still greater inconvenience is arising here:-The waste does no longer turn
up in the usual shape, but is loosely hanging to the cloth, and forming very soon
curled thin rolls that fall into the sliver much easier than from the flats. Both
methods moreover have the disadvantage that the cloths are very soon dirty, greasy,
and worn out, admitting but an imperfect cleaning so as to allow the cylinders the
more to roll up.
=
The object I had in view was to dispense with all above indicated defects, and I
succeeded in a very simple manner. As mentioned already, rolls are forming on the
travelling cloth, showing clearly to a close observer the existence of a process of
rolling. Suppose a drawing frame, for instance, being provided with four cylinders
a, b, c, d,fone after the other, Fig. II., the front cylinder a having the velocity 6, the
back cylinder d a velocity 1; the different parts of the cloth resting on theso
cylinders will have the tendency to acquire the same velocity as the respective
cylinders revolving under the cloth, but the latter being in one piece it necessarily
cannot follow the fast turning cylinder a, and will not have the slow motion
of cylinder d, but will take an average velocity of, for instance, 3. Now the rolling
process will be originated when the piece of cloth 1, where moving over the front
cylinder (slower than its circunferential speed), has a relatively negative velocity,
and the here retained fibres are rolled forward; 2, where moving over the back
cylinder (quicker than its circumferential speed) has a relatively positive velocity,
and the here retained fibres are rolled backward. For this reason the cloth ought
to have a velocity either at least as fast as the circumferential speed of the first
cylinder, or at least as slow as that of the back cylinder. The latter being pre-
ferable, I cause the cloth to move slowly by using a brake, or putting a tightened
rope across the rollers carrying the cloth, or as represented by Fig. III., by making
the roller above the back cylinder d very heavy, the one over the front cylinder a
very light. This in connection with the retardation, resulting from friction in the
bearings, produces the desired low speed and therewith an excellent result, for a
perfectly uniform and consistant lap is formed, which need be taken off after 6 or 8
weeks only, having no loose parts, and moreover having the great advantage to
offer to the cylinders a continually renewed clean surface, thereby reducing the
rolling up of the cylinders to a minimum, and to admit a very long use of the
cloth without renewal.
It may be observed in self-acting mules that the cleaning roller 8, between the
front and middle cylinder, covers itself with a lap under certain favorable circum-
stances when the front cylinder is very smooth, and has a higher position than the
others, while the cleaning roller s is provided with a hairy surface. The reason is
simply to be found in the greater part of weight of the cleaning roller lying on the
middle cylinder; the former thereby acquiring a slower motion. But even with
cylinders fitted in one level the same result may be obtained when the cleaning roller e
is braked in any convenient way, fi, by tying a string or a strap, etc,, over it, as
shown by Fig. V.
Another method consists in making the roller hollow, and fill it with small shot,
Fig. VI. During the revolution the small shot will always gather on the upwards
moving side, and thereby produce a shifting of the center of gravity towards the

page_text: middle cylinder, or in other words produce a greater friction against the middle
cylinder, and less friction against the front cylinder, or a decrease of velocity.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention and the
manner of carrying it out into practical effect, I would observe what I consider
to be novel and original, and therefore claim as my Invention is, the method of
forming the waste into a lap by giving a slow motion to the rollers over which the
cleaning cloth is led by means of a brake, or by tying a string on a hook, pass it
over the rollers (in a groove) and hang a weight on the other side, or where there is
only one roller by making it hollow, and fill with shot.
In witness whereof, I, the said Carl Pieper, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Third day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-seven.
CARL PIEPER. (L.S.)