AN IMPROVED, MACHINE FOR. CLEANING AND PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederic Waddington, of 53, Rue du Faubourg
Poissonnière,, Paris,. Department of the Seine, Empire of France, Manu-
facturer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED, MACHINE FOR. CLEANING AND
PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER WOVEN FABRICS."
Sealed the 30th October 1866, and dated the 7th May 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederic Waddington at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th May 1866.
I, FREDERIC WADDINGTON, of 58, Rue du Faubourg Poissonnière, Paris,
Department of the Seine, Empire of France, Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR CLEANING AND
PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER WOVEN FABRICS," to be as follows:-1
This machine is intended to clean and prepare woven fabrics and complete
their manufacture. In its parts, combinations, and effects it differs essentially
from the machines hitherto used for such purpose.
On the annexed Sheets of Drawing, forming part of this Provisional
Specification, Figure 1 (Sheet 1) is a longitudinal elevation of my improved
machine; Figure 2 (Sheet 2), a longitudinal section following X, X', of the
plan; Figure 3 (Sheet 8) and Figure 4 (Sheet 4), a transverse section aţ
Z, Z, of Figure 1, A, H, indicating wooden cylinders furnished with card
ends or cards to keep the calico stretched; B, C, E, F, wooden cylinders
covered with powdered glass and cleaning in the direction of the length of

page_text: the fabric; D, G, wooden cylinders covered with glass and cleaning in the
direction of the length of the fabric; I, J, K, L, (see Figure 2), bars, sup-
ports, or working cross pieces covered with emery moved by eccentrics and
cleaning crosswise; M, cylinder effecting the rolling or winding up; N,
cylinder receiving the calico or other fabric and actuated by M; O, plain
wooden cylinder without furniture giving the fabric more surface contact on
the cylinder H; P, rod over which the fabric curves before passing under the
cylinder O; Q, rod on which the calico or other fabric passes in a roll before
passing on the cylinder O; R, break to prevent the cylinder H being drawn
on by the fabric and to keep the fabric stretched; S, lever with weight to
press the woven fabric on the winding-up cylinder N; T, T, (Figure 4),
framing; U, sheet iron covering the machine to prevent the dust from
spreading over the workroom; V, sheet-iron doors which may be withdrawn
at will.
Having enumerated the different parts composing this improved machine a
complete idea has been at the same time given of their destination, their
action, and their work. In fact, by following the course of the woven fabric
(indicated by a red line at Figures 1 and 2) it will be seen that it passes
successively over several cylinders and bars or moveable cross pieces, and that
on issuing it has experienced the desired treatment on both faces. The
dimensions of this machine and the number and speed of its cylinders or
rollers will necessarily more or less vary with the nature of the woven fabrics
to be operated upon.
In the case of ordinary cotton fabrics the following are the most suitable
dimensions and speed :-Total length of the machine, starting from or between
the most salient points, about 10 feet 10 inches; breadth, 6 feet 11 inches;
width of machine between the framings, 4 feet 4 inches; height between the
framings, 8 feet 10 inches. Speed of cylinders B, C, D, E, F, G, 950 revo-
lutions a minutė, which may be increased to 1,200 and beyond. Speed of the
bars or working cross pieces, 480 simple revolutions or 240 double ones.
The bars are of cast iron and provided with a wooden sole-plate. It will be
seen that in this machine, which may be set at work by any sort of motor,
the passage of the fabric takes place rapidly by means of the roller A, which
is furnished with card ends or cards, and the tension is maintained by the
cylinder H, which is provided with a break to restrain it; and is also furnished
with cards. The woven fabric thus upheld passes alternately above and
beneath the cylinders B, C, D, E, F, G, and the bars or cross pieces I, J, K, L,
which are covered with coats of powdered glass and emery. Their rapid and
incessant action lengthwise and across on the two surfaces of the fabrics shake

page_text: and detach all the foreign bodies which are caught in the threads
twisted
in the fabrics and cause them to fall under the machine without touching or
injuring in any way the filaments or threads which form the body of the
fabric. This machine or loom differs, by the arrangement and the speed of
its movements, and by the nature of the cylinders or surfaces which come into
contact with the fabrics, from all the machines for cleaning woven fabrics
hitherto known. In fact, these latter, besides an inferior arrangement of
movements and a slower march, are usually covered with horsehair or wooden
cards or teazles, which damage the fabric by stretching the filaments of which
it is composed, by taking away part of its substance, and by giving it the
appearance of a long piled woollen fabric purposely so napped. The machine
might be so made as at first to work only one of the faces of the woven
fabrics, and that to operate on the other face the fabrics would have to be
passed a second time through the machine.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Frederic Waddington in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
2nd November 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERIC
WADDINGTON, of 53, Rue du Faubourg Poissonnière, Paris, Department of the
Seine, France, Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Frederic Waddington, Her special licence that I, the said; Frederic
Waddington, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Frederic Waddington, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for," AN
IMPROVED MACHINE FOR CLEANING AND PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER WOVEN
FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Frederic
Waddington, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in 'writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same

page_text: was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederic Waddington, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This machine is intended to clean and prepare woven fabrics and complete
their manufacture. In its parts, combinations, and effects it differs essentially
from the machines hitherto used for such purpose.
On the annexed Sheets of Drawing, forming part of this my Specification,
Figure 1 is a longitudinal elevation of my improved machine; Figure 2, a
longitudinal section following X, X', of the plan; Figure 3 and Figure 4, a
transverse section at Z, Z, of Figure 1, A, H, indicating wooden cylinders
furnished with card ends or cards to keep the calice stretched; B, C, E, F,
wooden cylinders covered with powdered glass and cleaning in the direction
of the length of the fabric; D, G, wooden cylinders covered with glass and
cleaning in the direction of the length of the fabric; I, J, K, L, (see Figure 2),
bars, supports, or working cross pieces covered with emery moved by eccen-
trics and cleaning crosswise; M, cylinder effecting the rolling or winding-up;
N, cylinder receiving the calico or other fabric and actuated by M; O, plain
wooden cylinder without furniture giving the fabric more surface contact on
the cylinder H; P, rod over which the fabric curves before passing under the
cylinder O; Q, rod on which the calico or other fabric passes in a roll before
passing on the cylinder O; R, break to prevent the cylinder H being drawn
on by the fabric and to keep the fabric stretched; S, lever with weight to
press the woven fabric on the winding-up cylinder N; T, T, (Figure 4),
framing; U, sheet iron covering the machine to prevent the dust from
spreading over the workroom; V, sheet-iron doors which may be withdrawn
at will.
Having enumerated the different parts composing this improved machine a
complete idea has been at the same time given of their destination, their
action, and their work. In fact, by following the course of the woven fabric
(indicated by a red line at Figures 1 and 2) it will be seen that it passes
, successively over several cylinders and bars or moveable cross pieces, and that
on issuing it has experienced the desired treatment on both faces. The
dimensions of this machine and the number and speed of its cylinders or
rollers will necessarily more or less vary with the nature of the-woven fabrics
to be operated upon.

page_text: In the case of ordinary cotton fabrics the following are the most suitable
dimensions and speed:-Total length of the machine, starting from or between
the most salient points, about 10 feet 10 inches; breadth, 6 feet 11 inches;
width of machine between the framings, 4 feet 4 inches; height between the
framings, 3 feet 10 inches. Speed of cylinders B, C, D, E, F, G, 950 revo-
lutions a minute, which may be increased to 1,200 and beyond; speed of the
bars or working cross pieces, 480 simple revolutions or 240 double ones.
The bars are of cast iron and provided with a wooden sole plate. It will be
seen that in this machine, which may be set at work by any sort of motor,
the passage of the fabric takes place rapidly by means of the roller A, which
is furnished with card ends or cards, and the tension is maintained by the
cylinder H, which is provided with a break to restrain it, and is also furnished
with cards. The woven fabric -thus upheld passes alternately above and
beneath the cylinders B, C, D, E, F, G, and the bars or cross pieces I, J, K, L,
which are covered with coats of powdered glass and emery. Their rapid and
incessant action lengthwise and across on the two surfaces of the fabrics shake
and detach all the foreign bodies which are caught in the threads or twisted
in the fabrics, and causes them to fall under the machine without touching or
injuring in any way the filaments or threads which form the body of the
fabric. This machine or loom differs, by the arrangement and the speed of
its movements, and by the nature of the cylinders or surfaces which come into
contact with the fabrics, from all the machines for cleaning woven fabrics
hitherto known. In fact, these latter, besides having an inferior arrangement
of movements and a slower march, are usually covered with horsehair or wooden
cards or teazles, which damage the fabric by stretching the filaments of which
it is composed by taking away part of its substance and by giving it the
appearance of a long-piled woollen fabric purposely so napped.
I do not only desire to reserve to myself the exclusive use of my new
machine such as I have above described it, but also in a special manner all
the modifications of which it is susceptible, according to the fabric and the
description of work to which it may be applied, without interfering with the
principles on which it is based.
Thus the length of the machine may be increased or lessened according to
the breadth of the woven fabrics, as also the dimensions of the cylinder and
bars and the speed of the movements.
The covering of part of the rollers with glass and the others with emery
may vary in proportion and in the order of their juxtaposition.
Even the direction in which the cylinders revolve may be inverted as regards
some of the cylinders without much prejudice.

page_text: Finally, the machine might be so made as at first to work on only one of
the faces of the woven fabrics, and that to operate on the other face the
fabrics would have to be passed a second time through the machine.
All this without in any way interfering with the principles set in practice
by this machine, and which essentially constitute its conception and character.
I desire it to be well understood that I specially reserve the exclusive use
of the above modifications as forming part of my Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederic Waddington, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
L.S.) Vu par nous, Adjoint de la Commune
de St. Rémy-sur-Avre (Eure-et-Loir) pour
légalisation de la signature de M. F. Wad-
dington, Maire de cette Commune, apposée
ci-dessus. St. Rémy-sur-Avre, le 29 Octobre
1866.
L'Adjoint,
F. WADDINGTON. (L.S.)
LEROY.