Year: 1898

page_text: FREDERICK WALTER BAYNES of 24, Newington Green, Mildmay Park, London,
N., Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows;-
According to this invention the needle or stylus attached to the diapragm is
automatically controlled & guided by the spiral trace or grove on the wax phono-
gram or record. Connected to the diaphragm itself is a light ebonite or other
tube through which the sound is conveyed to the ear, this tube is pivoted at the
one end in a comparatively sound tight joint but is free to move on its pivot &
so allow diaphragm to move from end to end of record. When the stylus is in
contact with surface of phonogram & the latter is revolving the tendancy is to
throw the stylus from central position to either end of phonogram or on the
other hand from the end of record to a central position according to direction of
rotation this tendancy I overcome by balancing the arm by a counterpoise or
weight at the end furthest from the diaphragm this causes the diaphragm when in
a vertical plane to normally assume an horizontal position and the force or
tendancy to assume this position is exactly balanced by the force due to the
rotation of the cylinder against the stylus so that the said stylus is free to follow
slight spiral trace on record cylinder.
The mandril which receives the wax record cylinder runs in a vertical position
in a centred bearing in bedplate of machine topwise and is driven by a band
from a hand or automatic motor which is one of the features of my invention,
this motor is screwed down to bed of honograph or graphophone, consist
essientially of two parts viz.:-the handwheel or driving part and the centrifugal
govenor, or driven part which automatically disconnects itself & revolving parts
of machine from the handwheel or driving part when the speed of the phonogram
gets too high or when it arrives at prearranged speed which is adjustable.
This part of the invention consist of a disc which is geared by a band to
mandril en diamotrically opposite sides of this disc are pivoted two centrifugal
weights which are free to more towards or away from each other and which are
connected together by an adjustable spiral spring from each of the weight pro-
ject two small rins which grip the edge of another disc geared to the handwheel
& which runs in sympathy with it. Now when the speed of the machine arrives
at a certain prearranged rate, the two weights fly outward by centrifugal force
& slightly release their grip of the driving disc,-in practice I find this govenor
to act in a very efficient manner giving a very uniform speed of rotation to
record cylinder no matter how erratically the handwheel may be turned.
Dated this 6th day of September 1898.

page_text: De performed, to be particularly
statement:--
My invention relates more especially to an apparatus for reproducing voice and
other sounds. It consists of the novel construction and arrangement of the
various parts whereby a simple and effective machine can be produced.
The invention will be better understood upon reference to the accompanying
drawings, in which―
Figure 1, is a side elevation of the apparatus.
Figure 2, is a plan of the same.
Figure 3, is a section of the hollow turnable arm which carries the diaphragm
and stylus.
Figure 4, shews a section of the speed regulating gear with the record cylinder
in position, and
Figure 5, shews a plan of the same but with the record cylinder and its holder
removed.
In carrying out my invention I form a suitably shaped frame (A) having at
one end a bracket (B) to support vertically the spindle (C) of the holder (D)
for the record cylinder (E).
The said holder is firmly secured to that part of the spindle (C) extending
above the bracket so that the record cylinder can be placed on the holder or
removed therefrom with little trouble. "Said spindle is pointed at its lower end
and takes its bearing upon the base plate of the frame (A) in such a manner as
to minimize friction as far as possible. A fly-wheel (F) is affixed by means of
a set screw (F) to the spindle (C) and carries two movable weights (G) and (G)
which are pivoted thereto at (G¹) and (G¹). The said weights are drawn towards
each other by a spring (H) the tension of which can be regulated by a screw (H').
Pins (I) and (I) preferably of ebonite are fixed to the weights (G) and (G) for
the purpose of engaging the periphery of the disc (J) formed on the pulley (1)
and loosely arranged upon the spindle (C). The said pins on the weights, in
their normal position, grip the disc (J) so that when the pulley is revolved motion
is imparted to the spindle (C) and holder (D). So long as the speed of the said
holder is normal the pins will remain in contact with the disc, but should the
holder attain a greater speed than is required for the proper working of the
machine, the weights (G) and (G) will open out further at their free ends by
the centrifugal force set up and so cause the pins (I) and (I) to release the disc (J),
thus breaking the connection with the driving power until the proper momentum
is restored. This form of connection between the driving and driven parts more-
over ensures a regular movement to the holder independently of the driving
parts.
This speed controlling mechanism is applicable to phonographs and like
machines, it however may be necessary to modify the details of construction,
but this can be done without departing from the principle of my invention.
The disc (J) is revolved by means of an endless belt (K) which is arranged upon
the pulley (1) beforementioned and a pulley (L) connected with the turning
handle (L). The said pulley and handle are fixed upon a spindle carried by the
adjustable bracket (L2).

page_text: The record cylinders that I use with my apparatus may be formed of any
suitable substance, but I prefer. them of prepared wax made in the ordinary
manner. In the exterior of the cylinder is formed a fine spiral groove from one
end to the other. In this groove the impressions of the sound waves are formed
by any suitable phonographic instrument.
When a record cylinder placed upon the holder is revolved at a suitable speed
the impressions thereon are transformed into sounds by means of a diaphragm (M)
and stylus (N) formed on the free end of a movable light tubular arm (0).
This arm is mounted upon a bracket (0¹) and turnable at right angles to its
length upon an axis level with the longitudinal centre of the holder (D) so
that the stylus can be carried by the groove in the record cylinder, in which it
engages, from one end of the cylinder to the other. The said arm is furnished
with an elbow piece (P) which is pivoted on a spindle (Q) projected from a cross
bar (Q) made rigid in the tube (R) to which the resonator or trumpet (S)
shewn in dotted lines in Figure 2, or a suitable device for conveying the sounds
to the ears, is attached. The arm (0) is loosely connected to the said elbow
piece by a pin (T) in auch a manner as to be capable of a slight lateral movement.
It is however forced inward by a spring (U) projected from and carried by the
elbow piece (P); the tension of the said spring being regulated by a screw (U¹)
so that the stylus will hear against the record cylinder at a suitable uniform
pressure.
When the cylinder is revolved in a direction away from the pivot of the arm (0)
and the stylus is in contact with the said cylinder, the tendancy of the arm is
to assume a horizontal position, but when the cylinder is revolved in the reverse
direction the tendancy will be for the arm to be deflected from the horizontal
position.
These tendancies of the arm to be deflected from the spiral groove, I overcome
by applying a suitable force to act in an opposite direction so as to produce a
neutral condition of the arm no matter in what position it occupies on the record
cylinder, thus allowing it free to follow the spiral trace on the same. This I
effect by counterbalancing the arm (0) by the weight (Y) which is attached
thereto in such a manner that the centre of gravity is below the point of sus-
pension when the cylinder revolves in the direction towards the pivot of the
arm, and above it when the cylinder is revolved in the reverse direction. The
same result may however be obtained by the employment of a delicate spring,
fastened at one end to a fixed support near the pivot and the other end engaging
with the said arm.
To use the apparatus it is only necessary to place a cylinder bearing the record
upon the holder (D), then lower the arm to the starting position, if the record
begins at the bottom of the cylinder, as is assumed in the drawings, arrange the
resonator to intensify the sounds, or suitable flexible tubes to convey them direct
to the ears, upon the tube (R) and turn the handle (L') at a suitable speed when
the desired result will be obtained.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
Firstly. An apparatus for reproducing sounds having a vertical support (D) for
the record cylinder, a tubular pivoted and balanced arm (0) carrying the diaphragm
and stylus, speed regulating mechanism, and driving gear, constructed and
arranged substantially as herein set forth.
.
Secondly. In phonographs, gramophones and the like, the mechanism whereby
the driven rarts are connected with the driving gear by frictional contact when
the speed of rotation is normal, but are disconnected or partially disconnected
from the driving gear by the action of centrifugal weights when the speed
becomes excessive, substantially as herein set forth.
Thirdly. In phonographs, gramophones and the like the pivoted diaphragm

page_text: arm, with means for opposing the deflective force due to the rotation of the
cylinder against the stylus so as to produce a neutral or balanced condition of the
same substantially as herein set forth.
Fourthly. In phonographs, gramophones and the like having a pivoted dia-
phragm arm, the spring (U) and regulating screw (U) entirely carried by the
said arm substantially in the manner and for the pur, oses as herein set forth.
Dated the 25th day of January 1899.
W. D. ROWLINGSON,
7, Quality Court, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.