LOONS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Moore, Cotton Spinner, Thomas Sagar, and
George Keighley, Machine Makers, and Thomas Richmond, Cotton
Manufacturer, all of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, for the Inven-
LOONS FOR WEAVING."
Sealed the 30th October 1866, and dated the 2nd May 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Moore, Thomas
Sagar, George Keighley, and Thomas Richmond at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 2nd May 1866.
We, HENRY MOORE, Cotton Spinner, THOMAS SAGAR, and GEORGE KEIGHLEY,
Machine Makers, and THOMAS RICHMOND, Cotton Manufacturer, all of
Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
In looms of the ordinary construction the shed is formed by raising and
lowering the healds or heddles through which the warp threads are drawn,
and one shed is formed in each revolution of the crank, or each reciprocation
of the slay.
The first part of our Invention consists in dispensing or partially dispensing.
with the healds or heddles for forming the shed. When the healds or heddles
are entirely dispensed with we form the shed by the use of a reed or reeds of
a novel construction, and by raising or lowering such recd or reeds through

page_text: which the warp threads are drawn. The reed or reeds are constructed with
an eye or eyes in the dents, so that when the reed or reeds, through the eyes
of which the warp threads are passed, are raised or lowered by means of a
cam or cams, or tappet or tappets, or by the usual treadles or other known
means, a portion of the warp threads are raised or lowered, whilst the other
remain the contrary way, either down or up, to form the shed; the latter
portion of the warp threads are actuated by a rod or rods across the warp
worked by a cam or cams, or tappet or tappets, lever or levers, to form the
other part of the shed; and when we partially dispense with the healds or
heddles we use a reed of the ordinary construction and pass one-half of the
warp threads through the eyes of the healds or heddles, and thereby form one-
half of the shed by raising or lowering such healds or heddles in the usual
way, and form the other half by passing the warp threads between, under, or
over a rod or rods placed across the warp, such rod or rods being actuated by
a cam or cams, tappet or tappets, lever or levers. We also work the recipro-
cating back bearer for relieving the warp during the forming of the shed
from the tappet or tappets, cam or cams, that actuate the reed or reeds, rod
or rods, and we claim this as novel, but do not confine ourselves to this mode
of working the back bearer.
The object of the second part of our Invention is to strike up the weft after
two or more picks are made, and after two or more motions of the healds or
other substitute for the healds, instead of after each pick as is usually done,
This we accomplish by working the picking and treading tappets at a corre
sponding speed, according to the number of picks made in each revolution of
the crank or reciprocation of the slay, which may be done by either working
the tappets from the crank shaft or other separate shaft, as the case may be.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henry Moore, Thomas Sagar, George Keighley, and Thomas
Richmond in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st November 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, HENRY
MOORE, Cotton Spinner, THOMAS SAGAR, and GEORGE KEIGHLEY, Machine.
Makers, and THOMAS RICHMOND, Cotton Manufacturer, all of Burnley, in the
County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of May, in the year of our Lord

page_text: One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said Henry Moore, Thomas Sagar, George Keighley, and Thomas
Richmond, Her special license that we, the said Henry Moore, Thomas
Sagar, George Keighley, and Thomas Richmond, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said Henry Moore, Thomas Sagar,
George Keighley, and Thomas Richmond, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Henry Moore, Thomas Sagar, George
Keighley, and Thomas Richmond, our executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of our or their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Henry Moore, Thomas Sagar, George
Keighley, and Thomas Richmond, do hereby declare the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be par
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement (that
is to say):-
In looms of the ordinary construction the shed is formed by raising and
lowering the healds or heddles through which the warp threads are drawn,
and one shed is formed in each revolution of the crank or each reciprocation
of the slay.
The first part of our Invention consists in dispensing or partially dispensing,
with the healds or heddles for forming the shed. When the healds or heddles.
are entirely dispensed with we form the shed by the use of a reed or reeds of
a novel construction, and by raising or lowering such reed or reeds through
which the warp threads are drawn. The reed or reeds are constructed with
an eye or eyes in the dents, so that when the reed or reeds, through the eyes
of which the warp threads are passed, are raised or lowered by means of a cam
or cams, or tappet or tappets, or by the usual treadles or other known means,
a portion of the warp threads are raised or lowered, whilst the other remain
the contrary way, either down or up, to form the shed; the latter portion of

page_text: the warp threads are actuated by a rod or rods across the warp worked by a
cam or cams, or tappet or tappets, lever or levers, to form the other part of
the shed, and when we partially dispense with the bealds or heddles we use a
reed of the ordinary construction, and pass one-half of the warp threads
through the eyes of the healds or heddles, and thereby form one-half of the
shed by raising or lowering such healds or heddles in the usual way, and form
the other half by passing the warp threads between, under, or over a rod or
rods placed across the warp, such rod or rods being actuated by a cam or
cams, tappet or tappets, lever or levers. We also work the reciprocating
back bearer for relieving the warp during the forming of the shed from the
tappet or tappets, cam or cams, that actuate the reed or reeds, rod or rods,
and we claim this as novel, but do not confine ourselves to this mode of
working the back bearer.
The object of the second part of our Invention is to strike up the weft after
two or more picks are made, and after two or more motions of the healds or other
substitute for the healds, instead of after each pick as is usually done. This
we accomplish by working the picking and treading tappets at a corresponding
speed, according to the number of picks made in each revolution of the crank
or reciprocation of the slay, which may be done by either working the tappets
from the crank shaft or other separate shaft, as the case may be.
And in order that our Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried in operation we will proceed to describe the accompanying Sheet of
Drawings, reference being had to the figures and letters marked thereon.
Figure 1 represents an end view, partly in section, of a loom of the ordinary
construction to which part of our improvements are applied. In this case
we partially dispense with the healds or heddles now used, substituting instead
thereof the rods a, under and over which one-half the warp threads 6 pass
from the warp beam c, as shewn in the Drawing; these rods a and the healds
or heddles used, or reed or reeds of a novel construction, as will be hereafter
described, and through which the other half of the warp threads are passed,
are connected to the heald rollers d by cords or straps in the usual manner;
the rods a are joined at each end by the links e in order to keep them the
same distance apart, and they are held in position by slides fixed to the loom side
or by links attached to the back part of the framing, or in other convenient
To one of the rods a is attached a connecting link f jointed to the
lever g, which is actuated by the treadle tappet h, the object of this is to take
up the slack and preserve au uniform tension on the warp threads. The link
f may be worked by a tappet from either side of the loom or from the centre,
manner.

page_text: as shewn in the Drawing. i is a ley rod for opening and regulating the
strain upon the warp threads; the healds or heddles, reed or reeds, used in
this part of our Invention are attached to the treddle levers j, which are
actuated by the treddle tappets h, as in looms of the ordinary construction. The
mode of operation will be obvious by referring to the Drawing, as the different
positions during each revolution of the crank shaft of the link f, levers g, and
the formation of the shed are indicated by full and dotted lines.
Figure 2 shews that part of our Invention in which the healds or heddles
are entirely dispensed with. In performing this part of our Invention we
make use of a reed k of a novel construction, which is shewn enlarged in
Figure 8, the dents in this reed are provided with eyes l, which may be made
of any convenient form, through which one-half or the required portion of the
warp threads are passed, according to the kind of cloth to be woven, either
plain or otherwise, the remaining portion of the warp threads are passed over
and under the rods a, as described in reference to Figure 1. In order to form
one portion of the shed the reed k is made to slide up and down in the slay m,
motion being communicated to it by means of the connecting links n jointed
to the bent lever o, whose fulcrum is the shaft p, the other end of one of the
levers o carrying a bowl q which is acted upon by the tappet r; the shaft p
extends across the loom, and is furnished at its other end with a straight lever o
and connecting link n, so that one tappet r will work both ends of the reed k;
the other portion of the shed is formed by varying the position of the rods a,
this is effected by means of two other connecting links s, which are also
jointed to the levers o; the connection of the links n and s with the lever o
being on opposite sides of its fulcrum p it is evident that when the reed k is
elevated the rods a must be depressed, thus forming a complete shed. In
order to maintain the rods a in their proper position the connecting links s
are made to move in suitable bearings at the top of the loom. The mode of
working the reciprocating back bearer for relieving the warp threads during
the forming of the shed is as follows:-Immediately, behind the tappet r is
another tappet acting on an upright slide which works in and behind the
lever t, causing the arm to move at a varying speed, so that the link v and
shedding bearer w when required assume the position indicated by dotted lines,
thus relieving the warp threads during the required time.
Having thus stated the nature of our Invention, and described the manner
of performing the same, we declare that we claim as of our Invention,-
Firstly, partially dispensing with the healds or heddles used in looms for
weaving, as shewn and described with reference to Figure 1.

page_text: And, secondly, in entirely dispensing with the healds or heddles used in
looms for weaving,.as.shewn and described in reference to Figure 2.
And, lastly, the method of working the reciprocating back bearer for
relieving the warp during the forming of the shed, as shewn and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Sagar, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of October, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-six.
THOMAS SAGAR. (L.s.)