Improvements in Hinges, Pivots, and Supports for Hinged or Sliding Doors, Gates, and the like.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 29th June, 1894-Accepted, 4th Aug., 1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Hinges, Pivots, and Supports for Hinged or Sliding
Doors, Gates, and the like.
I, AUGUSTE PAILLET, of 38 Rue de Talleyrand, Reims, Department of Marne,
in the French Republic, Ironmonger, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement and accompanying drawing,
that is to say:
The improved method of construction of hinges or supports for gates, doors, and
the like, which forms the subject of my present invention has for its object a
method of simplifying and greatly reducing the friction of the hinges, pivots, or
rollers, ordinarily heretofore used for carrying doors or gates of wood or metal.
My invention consists essentially in methods of arranging and using metal balls
or rings to reduce the friction, and it is applicable, as already mentioned, to the
iron work of doors or gates of large size, of wood or metal, as well as to smaller
ones. The improved fittings have the advantage of rendering the movement of the
door or gate much more smooth and easy than with the ordinary hinges, pivots, or
rollers, by reason of the almost entire absence of friction, whilst they are far truer
in their action than the fittings ordinarily used, and possess very great strength and
stability, a steel ball of 9 millimetres diameter being able to carry easily a load of
1100 kilogrammes, so that a pivot containing a set of 9 such balls could carry a
weight of from 9000 to 10000 kilogrammes.
The improved pivot or support consists of balls always immersed in oil, and
protected by a cover from dust, gravel, or other deleterious substances. For iron
gates, the ball bearing or guide at the upper part of the gate is easily applied
without reducing the strength of the iron, or filing the angles of the latter, and so
weakening it.
The accompanying drawing illustrates some of the different applications of which
my invention is capable.
Figure 1 is a section through 1-1 in Figure 2, which is an elevation, Figure 3
being a section through 2-2 Figure 2, and Figure 4 a plan, of a support
or pivot for a door. Figure 5 shews an elevation, and Figure 6 a plan, of the
upper part B, whilst Figure 7 is an elevation, and Figure 8 a plan, of the lower
part C of the support which carries the balls I. In the figures, A. is the body of
the hinge, which is fixed upon the door by the plate J. B and C are two cylindrical
supports fitted one in A and the other in the footstep D. These supports hold the
balls between them. A pin E traversing the supports, serves to guide and hold
them together. The foot-step D is covered by a cap or casing F, which keeps out
the dust and forms a reservoir for oil, and the supports being contained in this
casing the balls are always immersed in the oil. A hole G in the casing F,
closed by a screw, serves to introduce the oil. H is a knob upon the part A, and
I are the balls.
Figure 11 is an elevation of a hinge for the top and middle of the gate or door.
Figure 9 is a section on the line 3-3 in Figure 11. Figure 10 is a section on the
line 4-4; Figure 12 is a detailed view of the ring K shewn in plan in Figure 13.
Figure, 14 shews in elevation, and Figure 15 in plan, the cylindrical support N
fitted in the upper part of the body L, and enclosing the balls O. Figure 16 is a
plan of the bracket or attachment M.
In these figures, O represents the balls, and P a plate formed upon the central
part of the hinge. It will be seen that the use of the ring K does not necessitate

page_text: a support such as those already described, as it fits in a hollow in the body of the
hinge.
Figures 17 to 29 shew a collar and a pivot for an iron gate. The collar, fitted
upon the upright Q of the gate, consists of a bearing fitted upon the square iron
bar R, which is embraced by, and turns freely in, a strap S, which is firmly fixed
upon the attachment T by pins or rivets. U, U, are friction balls at the upper
end of the collar. These different parts are shewn in longitudinal section in
Figure 17. Figure 18 is an elevation, and Figure 19 a plan, of the bearing R.
Figure 20 shews the inner side of the part of the attachment T which embraces the
bearing, and Figure 21 is a plan of the same. Figure 22 is a view from inside, of
the collar, shewn in plan in Figure 29. Figure 25 is an elevation of the bearing
fitted in the collar, and the attachment to which the latter is fixed, and Figure 26
is a plan of the same parts. The pivot for the bottom of the gate is shewn in side
view in Figure 27, and in front view in Figure 28. It consists of a shoe V of
square iron and a steel cylindrical support X receiving the balls a, and fitted in the
shoe V. The foot-step Y, shewn in plan in Figure 24, is also provided with a
support Z for the balls a. A pin b, adjusted in the support X, passes through, and
keeps together, the different parts. e is a casing covering the foot-step, and serving
as an oil reservoir. It is shewn in plan in Figure 23.
In Figures 30, 31, 32, 33, and 34, are shewn an ordinary pivot (Figures 30 and 31),
and an enlarged pivot (Figures 32, 33, and 3+,) enclosed in the shoe of the gate.
Figure 30 is a vertical section through the ordinary pivot, and Figure 31 a
horizontal section through 5-5, Figure 30. Figure 32 is a vertical section through
the enlarged pivot, Figure 33 a horizontal section at line 6-6 Figure 32, and
Figure 34 a horizontal section on the line 7-7, Figure 32.
In these figures d is the shoe of the gate, of square iron, hollowed out at its
lower end to receive the cylindrical support e, which carries the balls f, and is fixed
in the foot-step g. The balls do not run directly against the shoe d, but are
separated from it by a steel disc, or washer, h, so as to reduce friction. is a hole
for oil.
Figures 35 and 36 represent two hinges for an iron or wooden gate or door,
constructed according to my invention. The lower part j of the hinge is provided
with a groove to receive the balls. The axis of the hinge is formed of a pin k
having a knob at its end, and a ring round its upper end to prevent friction. This
pin terminates in a screw upon which is screwed a knob corresponding with that
at the bottom.
n is the
Figure 37 shews a vertical section, and Figure 38 a plan, of the lower pivot of
an ordinary iron gate, turning in a foot-step. m is the square iron shoe, forming at
its lower end a cylindrical pivot, carried upon anti-friction steel balls.
foot-step fixed directly upon the square iron column o. In this foot-step is fitted a
steel disc P', having a circular groove in which the balls run.
The foot-step is also provided with two recesses, one 9 to receive dust, stones,
and the like, and fitted with a cleaning hole, and the other r, forming a bath
of oil.
Figures 39 and 40 shew in vertical, longitudinal, and transverse section,
respectively, a disc formed in two parts fixed together and containing steel balls, to
carry sliding gates. s, s', are the two parts of the disc, fixed together by means of
holes 1, 2, 3, 4. The axis t is of square iron. The compound disc is fixed firmly
to the gate u by the bent carrying frame v, made of sufficient strength, and fixed
to the gate by bolts, and to the disc by four screws upon each side.
A rail c,
carried by brackets, serves for the gate to run upon. Opposite the upper part
of this rail is arranged at each side, a set of balls y to prevent friction against the
inner sides of the disc. The space 2, formed in the central part of the compound
disc s, ¹, contains oil, which runs down when the gate is moving, through a hole
at its lower part, closed by a spring stopper 2.
My invention is applicable to gates, doors, hinged windows, and the like, of wood
or metal, and of all sizes.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The improved hinges or supports for rendering more easy the movement of
gates, doors, and the like, by the use in such hinges or supports of balls or rings.
of steel, arranged and used substantially as described and illustrated.
Dated this 29th day of June 1894.
EDWARDS & Co.,
65 & 66, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.