IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING BRICKS
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Shann Derham and Christopher William
Thairlwall, both of Leeds, in the County of York, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING BRICKS."
Sealed the 20th December 1872, and dated the 28th June 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Shann Derham
and Christopher William Thairlwall at the Office of the Commis-
sioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 28th June 1872.
We, THOMAS SHANN DERHAM and CHRISTOPHER WILLIAM THAIRL-
WALL, both of Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANU-
PACTURING BRICKS," to be as follows:-
Our said Invention relates to machines for manufacturing bricks, and
chiefly to improvements in the machine. described in the Specification
of an Invention for which Letters Patent have been granted to Augustus
Morand, bearing date the 8th day of February, A,D. 1871, No. 325.

page_text: The said machine has a horizontal revolving mould wheel or table,
directly over which the pug mill is arranged. The said table and the
pug mill shaft are driven by worm gearing applied to them directly or
without the intervention of any other gearing. The bottom of the
pug mill is provided with a peculiarly constructed presser plate which
acts on the contents of the moulds as they pass filled with clay
from the pug mill. And in combination with the table is a delivery
apparatus, which acting in combination with the followers removes the
bricks from the moulds and deposits them upon a delivery belt. The
whole forms a very convenient, compact, simple, and efficient machine,
and the manufacture of the bricks of the best quality is accomplished
thereby in a very rapid and economical manner,
Our present Invention is designed to modify these machines by
substituting spur or bevel gearing for the worm gearing of the pug mill
shaft described in the said former Specification. For this purpose we
adopt the following arrangement of parts:-A spur or bevel wheel is
fixed on the pug mill shaft in place of the worm wheel, and another spur
or bevel wheel or pinion is fixed on a shaft supported in suitable bearings
in the proper position to bring the two wheels properly in gear and
to give the required motion to the said shaft. We prefer to employ
a short horizontal shaft supported in suitable bearings at the top.
of the machine and with a bevel pinion fixed on it. This pinion
is to be geared into a bevel wheel on the top of a short vertical
shaft carried in bearings parallel with the pug mill shaft. The said
vertical shaft must have a spur pinion, which is to be geared into
a spur wheel on the said pug mill shaft. Or we modify the gearing
ps follows:-On the end of the pug mill shaft we fix a wheel with
internal teeth. Into this wheel is geared a pinion fitted on an eccentric,
the latter being carried on the lower end of a sleeve whose upper end has
bevel wheel which is geared into another bevel wheel on a horizontal
shaft extending across the top of the pug mill. The said sleeve is sup-
pořted to turn freely in a bearing formed or fixed on the machine frame,
and the upper end of the pug mill shaft turns freely within the sleeve.
The pinion is provided with a rod or stem which is connected to some
fixed point to prevent the turning of the said pinion. The eccentric is
rotated by the bevel gearing and imparts a vibratory movement to the
pinion which communicates a slow rotating movement to the internally
toothed wheel and pug mill shaft.

page_text: To obviate the necessity of a tail piece or thrust block at the end of
the worm shaft which drives the rotating table, we provide the same
with thrust bearings similar to those of the propeller shaft of a steam
vessel, that is to say, the shaft has a number of collars which are fitted
to work in grooves or channels formed in the metal of the bearing. By
this means we provide the said worm shaft with a solid and durable
support against the endwise reaction to which it is subjected in driving
the said table.
In combining a pug mill shaft driven by spur or bevel gearing with a
mould wheel or table driven by worm gearing as above described, we do
not propose to change the construction or arrangement of the mould
wheel or table, the presser plate, the inclined circular track for raising
the follower, the delivery apparatus, or other parts of the said machine
as described in the said former Specification, except where slight modifi-
cations may be found necessary or advantageous in adapting the machine
for the spur or bevel gearing in place of the worm gearing for the
pug mill shaft.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Shann Derham and Christopher William
Thirlwall in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 24th December
1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, THOMAS
SHANN DERHAM and CHRISTOPHER WILLIAM THAIRLWALL, both of
Leeds, in the County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Har heirs and successors; give
and grant unto us, the said Thomas Shann Derham and Christopher
William Thairlwall, Her special licence that we, the said Thomas Shann
Derham and Christopher William Thairlwall, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Thomas Shann
Derham and Christopher William Thairlwall, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from

page_text: time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANU-
FACTURING BRICKS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the
said Thomas Shann Derham and Christopher William Thairlwall, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Thomas Shann Derham and
Christopher William Thairlwall, do hereby declare the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement,
reference being had to the accompanying Drawings forming a part of
this Specification:-
Our said Invention relates to a machine for manufacturing bricks,
and chiefly to improvements in the machine described in the Specification
of an Invention for which Letters Patent have been granted to Augustus
Morand, bearing date the 8th day of February, A.D. 1871, No. 325.
The said machine has a horizontal revolving mould wheel or table,
directly over which the pug mill is arranged. The said table and the
pug mill shaft are driven by worm gearing applied to them directly or
without the intervention of any other gearing. The bottom of the
pug mill is provided with a peculiarly constructed presser plate which
acts on the contents of the moulds as they pass filled with clay from
the pug mill. And in combination with the table is a delivery apparatus,
which acting in combination with the followers removes the bricks
from the moulds and deposits them upon a delivery belt. The whole
forms a very convenient, compact, simple, and efficient machine, and
the manufacture of bricks of the best quality is accomplished thereby
in a very rapid and economical manner.
Our present Invention is designed to modify this machine by sub-
stituting spur or bevil gearing for the worm gearing of the pug mill
shaft described in the said former Specification. For this purpose we
adopt the contrivances and arrangement of parts illustrated in the

page_text: Drawing, in which Figure 1 is an elevation of the upper part of a
machine constructed according to our improvements; Figure 2 is a
vertical section on the line x, x, Figure 1; Figure 3 is an elevation of
the upper part of a machine embodying our said improvements in a
modified form; Figure 4 is a vertical section on the line y, y, Figure 3;
Figure 5 is a horizontal section on the line y', y', Figure 3; Figure 6
is partly a plan and partly a horizontal section of our machine; Figure 7
is a side elevation partly in section of the lower part of the same.
Like letters indicate the same parts throughout the Drawings.
A is the bed or foundation plate of the said machine; B is the mould
wheel on table; B¹ is the worm shaft for driving the same; C is the
pug mill, and D the pug mill shaft; E is the standard or frame which
supports the upper end of the said shaft and the gearing whereby it is
driven.
In the machine illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, a spur wheel a is fixed
on the pug mill shaft D in place of the worm wheel described in the
said former Specification, and another spur wheel or pinion 6 is fixed
on a short vertical shaft c; the latter is supported in suitable bearings c¹
on the standard or frame E in the proper position to bring the two
wheels a, b, properly in gear and give the required motion thereby to
the shaft D. A short horizontal shaft d is supported in suitable bearings
ďat the top of the machine; this short shaft carries a bevel pinion e.
The said pinion is geared with a bevel wheel ƒ fixed on the top of the
vertical shaft c, which as clearly shown in the Drawings is parallel with
the pug mill shaft D. The shaft & carries the fast and loose pulleys h,
whereby it receives motion through a driving belt or strap from a steam
engine or other motor. Or we modify the above-described arrange-
ment of gearing as shewn in Figures 3, 4, 5; that is to say, on the
upper part of the pug mill shaft D we key or otherwise firmly fix a
wheel with internal teeth. Into this wheel i is geared a pinion j
fitted to turn freely on the periphery of an eccentric /; the latter is
carried on the lower end of a sleeve k¹ on whose upper end is a bevel
wheel, geared into another bevel wheel on the horizontal driving
shaft d, which in this arrangement extends centrally across the top of
the pug mill C. The sleeve is supported to turn freely in a bearing m
formed or fixed on the standard or frame E, and the upper end of the
pug mill shaft D is fitted to turn freely within the sleeve and inde-
pendently of the same. The pinion has attached to it a rod or stem n',

page_text: which is connected by the link o to a stud o³, or to some other convenient
fixed point and prevents the turning of the said pinion upon its axis,
but leaves it free to move to and fro as it is caused to do by the rotation
of the eccentric within it. The eccentric k is rotated by the aforesaid
bevel gearing, and the to-and-fro or vibratory movement thus imparted
to the pinion j causes the teeth of the latter to act successively upon
all the teeth of the internally toothed wheel i and a slow rotating move-
ment is by this means communicated to said wheel and to the pug mill
shaft D.
To obviate the necessity of a tail piece or thrust block at the end of
the worm shaft B' which drives the rotating table B we provide the
same with thrust bearings similar to those of the propellor shaft of a
steam vessel, that is to say, we form on the said worm shaft a number
of collars which are fitted to work in grooves or channels formed in the
metal of one or both of the bearings. By this contrivance we provide
the said worm shaft with a solid and durable support against the endwise
reaction to which it is subjected in driving the said table. Similar
thrust bearings may also be applied to the other shafts of the machine.
The presser plate p, Figures 6 and 7, is held in place by studs p¹,
which pass through a bracket a cast on or otherwise firmly fixed on the
frame or standard E; the said screws are provided at the top and bottom
of the said bracket with nuts, by turning which the said presser plate may
be adjusted to the face of the mould wheel or table. By thus adjusting
the said plate we are enabled to counteract the wearing of the surface
of the same, and thereby prevent the formation of the bricks with a
projecting edge on their upper sides. At or near the centre of the said
presser plate we provide the same with an outlet hole or pipe r to
permit the escape of the surplus clay from the mould; the clay escaping
from this hole or pipe falls upon the table B, and by means of a scraper
is caused to enter one of the moulds therein as the said table revolves.
The ends of the said presser plate are constructed with ribs 8, which
slide in recesses in the aforesaid bracket; these ribs and recesses allow
the said presser plate to move vertically while at the same time they
prevents its lateral displacement with regard to the moulds.
In combining a pug mill shaft driven by spur or bevel gearing with a
mould wheel or table driven by worm gearing as above described, it
will be seen we do not change the construction or arrangement of the
mould wheel or table, or the pug mill, neither do we change the inclined

page_text: circular track for raising the follower, the delivering apparatus, or other
parts of the machine desoribed in the said former Specification, except
where slight modifications may be found necessary or advantageous in
adapting the machine for the spur or bevel gearing in place of the worm
gearing for the pug mill shaft.
In witness whereof, we, the said Thomas Shann Derham and
Christopher William Thairlwall, have hereunto set our hands
and seals, this Twenty-third day of December, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
THOMAS SHANN DERHAM.
(L.8.)
CHRISTOPHER WILLIAM THAIRLWALL. (L.S.)