Improvements in Coke Ovens, and in Machinery and Appliances in connection therewith.
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Coke Ovens, and in Machinery and Appliances in
connection therewith.
I, WILLIAM HENRY CHAMBERS, of Conisborough, near Rotherham, in the County
of York, Mining Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention
to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in the construction and working of
coke ovens and in machinery and appliances used for working the ovens und for
the treatment of the coke, the objects being to produce a continuous and more or
less uniform heating of all the oven chambers and a quicker coking of the coal
than hitherto further to introduce a quicker dispatch in the discharge of the
coke out of the ovens and delivery into railway wagons, expending thereby a less
amount of manual labour: and lastly to restore to the coke its marketable
appearance after the fire is extinguished. I construct the ovens in a rectangular
form with flat bottoms say 5 to 6 feet wide, twenty to thirty feet long and from
four to five feet high from floor to crown of arch. The ovens are to be open at
both ends and the coke is to be pushed out in a similar way as is done by retort
ovens, so called coppee coke ovens, but by a powerful double ram steam or electric
engine of special construction. The ovens are more particularly heated below the
floor of the chamber on the regenerating principle. There are several, say three,
small parallel rectangular chambers or flues under the floor of the ovens in which
fire bricks are placed; the bricks being symmetrically arranged, one above the
other, lengthways and crossways, leaving sufficient spaces for the passage of the
gas flames. There are several say 4 or 6 ovens working together on the co-operative
system, that is to say, the heating of one and all the 4 or 6 ovens is done by all of
them reciprocally in such a manner that when one or the other of the ovens is
being drawn and exposed to the cooling influence of the outer air, or when the
gases are taken off any of the ovens and directed to the bye-product recovery plant
and not into the heating flues, then the side flues and the oven bottoms are heated
in a continuous manner by the gases of the other ovens, and, if need be, by the
purified gases which return from the condensing plant. Thus the 4 or 6 ovens aro
kept at all times in a more or less uniform state of heat, by which the coking
of fresh coal has not to wait for any recovery of lost heat, but the process of
coking the newly charged coal commences immediately after the doors are closed.
The gases produced in the ovens rise to the top of the chambers and proceed from
thence either to the bye-product recovery plant by means of one or two apparatus
with valve boxes and conducting pipes for tar and volatile matters placed at con-
venient distances from each other, or they are.led by means of vertical flues, con-
structed within partition walls, downwards into horizontal flues and chambers
situated mainly under the oven floors. In the first case the purified gases aro

page_text: returned from the condensing plant to the ovens for the purpose of heating the
flues. The upper vertical flues over the partition walls are to be covered with
brick slides, so arranged as to be easily opened and closed at any moment. They
are closed when the gases are led to the bye-product recovery plant, and opened
when led into the flues under the ovens. In case the oven gases are not led to the
recovery plant but into the partition flues, they are met immediately under
the slides by warm air, which has been heated below the oven chambers and under tho
partition flues and is made to rise through the last vertical flue into a longitudinal
Hue over the oven arch. It is from thence distributed in thin layers or in fine
streams into the gas distributing flue to effect a free combustion. The flames of
all 4 or 6 ovens are led to one end of the ovens say the engine side, and spread from
thence more or less equally under all the four or six ovens, and this flue, which
may be called the heat storing chamber, can be constructed either outside, or be
merely a communication outlet under the partition wall. The heat passes through
the heat storing and regenerating brick flues and at their ends through outlets,
which can be covered with brick slides, into the main boiler or chimney flue.
These outlets can be partially or proportionally closed for the regulation of the
heat or draught. A second part of this invention is the construction of a double
ram steam pushing engine and the arrangement of a mechanism for the simul-
taneous and expeditious opening or lifting of both the coke oven doors by the
engineman. The pushing out rams are similar in construction to those of the
ono ram engine as usually made. They are placed at convenient distances from
each other; the steam engine being placed in the middle and above them, and the
shafts gearings and pinions above the two rams; the pinions are fixed on the same
shaft. At the front end of the engine framework and in the centre lino of the
oven there is a small chain winding drum which is worked by separate gearing
and can be set in motion independently of the other parts of the machinery. The
oven doors are cach suspended and lifted by a chain and pulley; the chain of the
furthest door passes over a pulley running loose over the spindle of the pulley
nearest the engine, but the chains of the two doors are connected by a ring and
from the latter a single chain is suspended with a hook at its end. By means of
this hook the chain is fixed to one on the winding drum, so that by winding up,
the engineman lifts the front and back doors simultaneously.
01 L
1007
Improvements in Coke Ovens, and in Machinery and Appliances in
connection therewith.
I, WILLIAM HENRY CHAMBERS, of Conisborough, near Rotherham, in the County 4
of York, Mining Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in the construction and working of
coke ovens and in machinery and appliances used for working the ovens and for
the treatment of the coke, the objects being to produce a continuous and more or
less uniform heating of all the oven chambers and a quicker coking of the coal
than hitherto, further to introduce a quicker dispatch in the discharge of the
coke out of the ovens and delivery into railway wagons, expending thereby a less
amount of manual labor. I construct the ovens in a rectangular form up to the

page_text: spring of the arch with flat bottoms say five to six feet wide, twenty to thirty
feet long and from four to five feet high from floor to crown of arch. The ovens
are to be open at both ends and the coke is to be pushed out in a similar way as
is done by retort ovens, so called copper coke ovens, but by a powerful double ram,
steam or electric engine of special construction.
The nature of my invention will be better understood on reference to the accom-
panying 2 sheets of drawings, in which
Fig. 1, Sheet 1, is a longitudinal section taken through one of my improved
coke ovens on the line, A, B, Figs. 2 and 3.
Fig. 2 Sheet 1, is a plan partly in section of a group of my improved coke
ovens, the sectional portions being taken partly through the longitudinal flue, f,
shewing the slides, 7, partly through the partition wall shewing the vertical
Blues, i, and partly through the flues, a, a, under the bottom of the oven.
Fig. 3, Sheet 1, is an end elevation of the same ovens also partly in section, the
sectional portions being taken on the line C, D, and through the heat reservoir on
the line E, F, Fig. 1.
Figure 4, Sheet 2, is a longitudinal section taken through the flues on the
line G, H, Fig. 5.
Fig. 5, Sheet 2, is a transverse section taken through the flues on the lines, I, J,
and K, L, Fig. 4.
The same letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views in both
sheets of drawings.
The ovens are more particularly heated below the floor of the chamber on the
regenerating principle. There are several, say three, small parallel rectangular
chambers or flues, a, under the floor of the ovens in which fire bricks, b, are placed,
the bricks being symmetrically arranged one above the other lengthways and
crossways chequer fashion leaving sufficient spaces for the passage of the gas
flames. There are several, say four or six, ovens working together on the co-
operative system, that is to say, the heating of one and all the four or six ovens
is done by all of them reciprocally in such a manner that when one or the other
of the ovens is being drawn and exposed to the cooling influence of the outer air,
or when the gases are taken off any of the ovens and directed to the bye-product
recovery plant and not into the heating flues then the oven bottoms are heated
in a continuous manner by the gases of the other ovens, and if need be by the
purified gases which return from the condensing plant. Thus the four or six
ovens are kept at all times in a more or less uniform state of heat, by which the
coking of fresh coal has not to wait for any recovery of lost heat but the process
of coking the newly charged coal commences immediately after the doors, c, are
closed. The gases produced in the ovens rise to the top of the chambers and pro-
ceed from thence through vertical flues, d, d, to a horizontal flue or branch, e, into
a longitudinal flue, f, either to the bye-product recovery plant by means of one or
two apparatus with valve boxes, 9, and conducting pipes, h, for tar and volatile
matters placed at convenient distances from each other or they are led by means
of vertical flues, i, constructed within partition walls downwards into horizontal
flues, j, and chambers k, situated mainly under the oven floors, as shown in Fig. 4.
In the first case, the purified gases are returned from the condensing plant to the
ovens for the purpose of heating the flues. The upper vertical flues over the
partition walls are to be covered with brick slides, 1, so arranged as to be easily
opened or closed at any moment. They are closed when the gases are led to the
bye product recovery plant and opened when led into the flues, a, under the ovens.
In case the oven gases are not led to the recovery plant but into the partition flues, i,
they are met immediately under the slides, 7, by warm air, which has been
heated below the oven chambers and under the partition flues and is made to rise
through the last vertical flue, m, into a longitudinal flue, n, over the oven arch,
where it is admitted into the combustion chamber, i, through ports controlled by
dampers or slides, . It is from thence distributed through ports, o, o, p, p,
(Fig. 4) in thin layers or in fine streams into the gas distributing fluc, i, to effect

page_text: a free combustion. The flames of all four or six ovens are led to one end of the
oven, say the engine side, to the flue, g, and spread from thence more or less
equally under all the four or six ovens, and this flue, q, which may be called the
heat storing chamber, can be constructed either outsido, or be merely a communica-
tion outlet under the partition wall. The heat passes through the heat storing
and regenerating brick flues, a, a, a, and at their ends through outlets, r, r, r,
which can be covered with brick slides, s, s, s, into the main boiler or chimney
flue, t, these outlets can be partially or proportionately closed for the regulation
of the heat or draught.
A second part of my invention is the construction of a double ram steam pushing
engine, w, and the arrangement of a mechanism for the simultaneous and
expeditious opening or lifting of both the coke oven doors by the engineman. The
pushing out rams, v, v, are similar in construction to those of the one ram engine as
usually made. They are placed at convenient distances from each other, the steam
engine, u, being placed in the middle and above them, and the shafts, gearings
and pinions, 10, above the rams, the pinions are fixed on the same shaft. At the
front end of the engine framework and in the centre line of the oven there is a
small chain winding drum, r, which is worked by separate gearing and can be
set in motion independently of the other parts of the machinery. The oven doors, c,
are cach suspended and lifted by a chain, y, and pulley, z; the chain of the furthest
door passes over a pulley running loose over the spindle of the pulley nearest the
engine, but the chains of the two doors are connected by a ring and from the
latter a single chain is suspended with a hook at its end. By means of this hook
the chain is fixed to one on the winding drum, so that by winding up, the engine-
man lifts the front and back doors simultaneously.
I am aware that the gases taken off from coke ovens have been utilized for
heating up the air to support combustion in the oven and likewise to assist in
heating up the bottom and walls of such ovens more or less on the regenerative
system and I lay no claim to novelty in this respect.
my
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of
said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I do
claim is:-
(1.) In coke ovens and in machinery and appliances in connection therewith,
the combination and arrangement of flues, ports, slides or dampers comprising
the means whereby the air is heated and regulated which goes to support com-
bustion of the gases emanating from the coke oven during the process of carboniza-
tion, which gases are utilized for heating up the walls and bottom of the oven
substantially in the manner and for the purposes as herein described and
illustrated.
(2.) In coke ovens and in machinery and appliances in connection therewith,
the combination and arrangement of flues, ports, slides or dampers, by means of
which the waste gases emanating from a group of coke ovens can be admixed
with heated air, their combustion being thereby promoted and thence directed
into a heat reservoir from whence they are passed and regulated through the flues
under the floor of a coke oven or through the flues under the floors of one or more
companion ovens in the same group in the manner and for the purposes substan-
tially as herein described and illustrated.
(3). In coke ovens and in machinery and appliances in connection therewith, the
combination and arrangement of flues, ports, slides or dampers by means of which
the air and gases may be regulated and the direction of the gases emaunting from
the coke ovens may be directed either to a bye-product recovery plant or to a heat
reservoir in the manner and for the purposes substantially as herein described
and illustrated.
(4). In coke ovens and in machinery and appliances in connection therewith,
the combination of parts and appliances comprising a winding drum, pullies and
chains, actuated by the ram pushing engine by means of which the back and front

page_text: doors of a coke oven may be simultaneously raised or lowered in the manner and
for the purposes substantially as herein described and illustrated.
:
Dated this 28th day of February 1898.
R. HEBER RADFORD,
Agent for the Applicant.