IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING AND REGULATING HEAT
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Henry Bailey, of the Albion Works,
Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Brass Founder and Manufac-
turer of Instruments, for the Promotion of the Statistical and
Economical Production of Steam Power, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING AND REGULATING HEAT."
Sealed the 1st June 1869, and dated the 11th December 1868..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Henry Bailey
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 11th December 1868.
I, WILLIAM HENRY BAILEY, of the Albion Works, Salford, in the
County of Lancaster, Brass Founder and Manufacturer of Instruments
for the Promotion of the Statistical and Económical Production of Steam
Power, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING AND REGULATING HEAT," to be as
follows:-
In pyrometers where the indication of the temperature depends upon
the expansion of rods or tubes of different substances it is sometimes
[Price 8d.]

page_text: necessary to adjust the indicating apparatus so as to compensate for the
permanent expansion which may have taken place in either of the
substances used.
My Invention consists, in the first place, in arranging pyrometers so
that this adjustment may be made without taking any part in pieces.
I accomplish this as follows:-The indications are made in the usual
way by means of a hand or pointer working over a graduated dial, but
instead of attaching the case which carries the dial permanently in one
fixed position upon the tube or rod I screw it on up to the proper
position, and secure it by means of a small stud which passes through
a slot and holds it just sufficiently tight to prevent it being moved by
accident; this slot is long enough to allow of the dial being screwed
up after the substance has been permanently expanded sufliciently
far to maintain the relative lengths of the bars and compensate for the
permanent expansion. The same principle might be applied to the
mechanism which actuates the hand or pointer.
My Invention consists, in the second place, in arranging a pyrometer
so that when the temperature rises to a certain height it will cause a
bell to ring, and thus give notice to the attendant. The most convenient
method of accomplishing this is to make the hand or pointer of metal
and connect the axis upon which it works with one pole of a galvanic
battery, and when the temperature rises above the desired height the
hand comes in contact with a piece of metal which is connected to the
other pole of the galvanic battery, and thus sets up a current and rings
an electric bell which is placed in the circuit. The piece of metal with
which the hand comes in contact is made adjustable, so that it may be
set to ring at any temperature, as may be desired. Instead of an
ordinary electric bell being used to give the alarm I may use a bell, the
hammer of which worked by mechanism actuated by a spring; this bell
being set ringing by means of an electro-magnet attracting a catch.
In the next place, nry Invention relates to a simple means of regis-
tering the number of times a certain temperature has been reached.
For this purpose I connect the hand to the battery, as before described,
and pass the current round an electro-magnet, which attracts a small
lever, and thus gives motion to an ordinary counter. This arrangement
may be used in combination with that already described for ringing
the bell.
In some cases it is not desirable that every man about the place

page_text: should see at what temperature the various processes are carried on,
but still the dial of the pyrometer should be in a conspicuous position.
In order to meet this case I apply to the pyrometer what I call a
"blind dial," that is to say, a dial which is not graduated in the
ordinary manner, but has signs instead, such as A, B, C, D, E, which
form a scale of temperature understood by those who are acquainted
with the working of the particular instrument, but not by others.
In constructing pyrometers which are intended to indicate the tem-
perature of acids I coat the outer tube with some enamel which will
resist the action of acids, or I make the outer tube entirely of porcelain,
inside which a rod of metal is suitably fixed at one end; the metal is thus
protected by the porcelain tube from the action of the acids. Instead of
porcelain some other acid resisting substance might be used.
My Invention next refers to an improved arrangement for facilitating
the adjustment of the length of the lever which actuates the quadrant
in those instruments known as Wood's pyrometers, provisionally specified,
No. 3101, 1866. I accomplish this by means of a set screw applied to
the lever in such a way that by turning it the joint may be moved
nearer to or further from the fulcrum, and the lever thus be virtually
lengthened or shortened as the case may require. In this form of
pyrometer the tube, upon the expansion of which the indications depend,
is exposed to the atmosphere, and as a great amount of heat is thus
carried away a longer time is required for the tube to become sufficiently
heated to give a proper indication. In order to avoid this I surround
the conical tube with some non-conducting or some badly-conducting
material such as powdered mica. This may be most conveniently
done by fixing a cylindrical base or chamber round the conical
tube and filling the intervening space with the non-conducting
substance.
In the next place my improvements consist in causing the tube of
a pyrometer to act upon a damper, so that the expansion and con-
traction of the tube causes the damper to open and close..
This may
be accomplished in a very simple manner by connecting the tube to a
lever which gives motion to the damper, and the length and position of
the lever may be so adjusted that the damper will be closed or opened
as soon as a certain temperature has been attained.
In order to indicate the temperature of the air in the blast pipe I use
an instrumant similar in principle to Wood's pyrometer, but I attach

page_text: this instrument direct to the blast pipe, and arrange it so that the blast
pipe itself forms the tube upon the expansion of which the indications
of the instrument depend.
Lastly, my Invention consists in a new system of graduating the dials
of pyrometers which are intended to be subjected to temperatures so high
that the instrument would be injured if kept under the influence of the
heat for a sufficient time to enable it to indicate the full temperature on
a dial graduated in the ordinary way, for this purpose I ascertain to what
point the indicating hand will be moved when the pyrometer is sub-
jected to a known temperature for a given time, say thirty seconds, and
then I mark this point as the full temperature to which the pyrometer
has been subjected, although it may not have been sufficiently long
under the action of the heat to have attained that temperature itself, in
this way I produce a scale which will indicate at once the full tem-
perature, provided it is subjected to it for the time that it has been
graduated for.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said William Henry Bailey in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the Sth June 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
HENRY BAILEY, of the Albion Works, Salford, in the County of
Lancaster, Brass Founder and Manufacturer of Instruments for the
Promotion of the Statistical and Economical Production of Steam Power,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said William Henry Bailey, Her special licence
that I, the said William Henry Bailey, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said William Henry Bailey, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time, and at all times thereafter. during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the

page_text: "IMPROVEMENTS IN
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
APPARATUS FOR INDICATING AND REGULATING HEAT," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said William Henry Bailey, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Henry Bailey do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
In pyrometers where the indication of the temperature depends upon
the expansion of rods or tubes of different substances it is sometimes
necessary to adjust the indicating apparatus so as to compensate for
the permanent expansion which may have taken place in either of the
substances used.
My Invention consists, in the first place, in arranging pyrometers so
that this adjustment may be made without taking any part to pieces.
I accomplish this as follows:--The indications are made in the usual
way by means of a hand or pointer working over a graduated dial, but
instead of attaching the case which carries the dial permanently in one
fixed position upon the tube or rod I screw it on up to the proper
position, and secure it by means of a small stud which passes through a
slot and holds it just sufficiently tight to prevent it being moved by
accident. This slot is long enough to allow of the dial being screwed
up, after the substance has been permanently expanded sufficiently far
to maintain the relative lengths of the bars and compensate for the
permanent expansion.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying Drawings shews a pyrometer made on
this principle. In Fig. 2 is shewn another modification. In both these.
Figures the slot is shewn at a, and when the pyrometer has been pro-
perly adjusted it may be fixed by means of the screw b.
The same
principle might be applied to the mechanism which actuates the hand
or pointer.
.
My Invention consists, in the second place, in arranging a pyrometer
so that when the temperature rises to a certain height i

page_text: bell to ring, and thus give notice to the attendant. The most convenient
method of accomplishing this is to make the hand or
pointer of metal
and connect the axis upon which it works with one pole of a galvanic
battery, and when the temperature rises above the desired height the
hand comes in contact with a piece of metal which is connected to the
other pole of the galvanic battery, and thus sets up a current and rings
an electric bell which is placed in the circuit. This arrangement is
shewn in Fig. 3. a is the pyrometer; b, the galvanic battery, one pole
of which is connected by means of the wire c to the axis upon which
the pointer of the pyrometer works, and the other pole is connected by
means of the wire d to the piece of metal e, the eléctric bell f being
placed in the circuit. The piece of metal e is furnished with a small
nut and screw by means of which it may be loosened and moved and
adjusted so as to cause the bell to ring when any desired temperature
shall be reached. Instead of an ordinary electric bell being used to give
the alarm I may use a bell the hammer of which is worked by mechanism
actuated by a spring, this bell being set ringing by means of an electro-
magnet attracting a catch. An arrangement of this kind is shewn in
Fig. 4. The hammer of the bell is worked by simple well-known
mechanism actuated by a spring which is released by the electro-magnet
a attracting the leyer catch b, when the contact is made perfect by the
desired temperature being attained.
In the next place, my Invention relates to a simple means of regis-
tering the number of times a certain temperature has been reached. For
this purpose I connect the hand to the battery, as before described, and
pass the current round an electro-magnet which attracts a small lever,
and thus gives motion to an ordinary counter. Fig. 5 shews this arrange-
ment. a is the pyrometer; b, the battery; c, the electro-magnet; d, the
lever which actuates the counter e. This arrangement may be used in
combination with that already described for ringing the bell.
In some cases it is not desirable that every man about the place
should see at what temperature the various processes are carried on, but
still the dial of the pyrometer should be in a conspicuous position. In
order to meet this case I apply to the pyrometer what I call a ** blind
dial," that is to say, a dial which is not graduated in the ordinary way,
but has signs instead, such as A, B, C, D, E, which form a scale of tem-
perature understood by those who are acquainted with the working of
the particular instrument, but not by others.

page_text: In constructing pyrometers which are intended to indicate the tem-
perature of acids I make the outer tube of porcelain, inside which a rod
of metal is suitably fixed at one end. The metal is thus protected by
the porcelain tube from the action of the acids. Instead of porcelain
some other acid resisting substance might be used.. In pyrometers
intended to indicate the temperature of molten tin and lead I prefer to.
make the outer tube of cast iron.
My Invention next refers to an improved arrangement for facilitating
the adjustment of the length of the lever which actuates the quadrant in
those instruments known as "Wood's pyrometers." I accomplish this
by means of a set screw applied to the lever in such a manner that the
joint may be moved nearer to or further from the fulcrum, and the lever
thus be virtually shortened or lengthened, as the case may require.
Figs. 6 and 7 are two views of "Wood's pyrometer," and Fig. 8 is a back
view of my improvement. By means of the set screw a the lever may
be fixed at any position along the slot so as to bring the joint b nearer
to or further from the fulcrum c. In Figs. 6 and 7 a is the tube which
is subjected to the heat, and which by expanding actuates the lever b
and pointer e. In this form of pyrometer the tube a, upon the ex-
pansion of which the indications depend, is exposed to the atmosphere,
and as a great amount of heat is thus carried away a longer time is
required for the tube to become sufficiently heated to give a proper
indication. In order to avoid this I surround the conical tube a with
some non-conducting or some badly conducting material, such as
powdered mica or sulphate of lime. This may be most conveniently
by fixing a cylindrical case or chamber round the conical tube a and
filling the intervening space with the non-conducting substance...
"
In the next place, my improvements consist in causing the tube of a
pyrometer to act upon a damper so that the expansion and contraction
of the tube cause the damper to open and close. This may be accom-
plished in a very simple manner by connecting the tube to a lever which
gives motion to the damper, and the length and position of the lever
may be so adjusted that the damper will be closed or opened as soon as
a certain temperature has been attained. Figs. 9 and 10 shew two forms
of dampers arranged so as to be actuated by pyrometers. In Fig. 9 the
damper may be regulated by means of the lock nuts and screw at a.
In Fig. 10 the lock nuts and screw for regulating the damper are
shewn at b.

page_text: In order to indicate the temperature of the air in a blast pipe I use an
instrument similar in principle to "Wood's pyrometer," but I attach this
instrument direct to the blast pipe and arrange it so that the blast pipe
itself forms the tube, upon the expansion of which the indications of the
instrument depend. This arrangement is shewn at Fig. 11. a is the
blast pipe, and 6 the pyrometer. Here the blast pipe takes the place of
the tube a, Figs. 6 and 7.
Lastly, my Invention consists in a new system of graduating the dials
of pyrometers which are intended to be subjected to temperatures so
high that the instrument would be injured if kept under the influence
of the heat for a sufficient time to enable it to indicate the full tem-
perature on a dial graduated in the ordinary way. For this purpose
I ascertain to what point the indicating hand will be moved when the
pyrometer is subjected to a known temperature for a given time, say,
thirty seconds, and then I mark this point as the full temperature to
which the pyrometer has been subjected, although it may not have been
sufficiently long under the action of the heat to have attained that
temperature itself. In this way I produce a scale which will indicate at
once the full temperature, provided it is subjected to it for the time that
it has been graduated for.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Henry Bailey, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fourth day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
WILLIAM HENRY BAILEY. (L.S.)