matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN HAY KNIVES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Nash at the Office of the
Commissioners, of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th October
1870.
I, ISAAC NASH, of Belbroughton, in the County of Worcester,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN HAY KNIVES," to be as follows (that is to say):-
My improvements in hay knives consist in forming the shank or tang
of the knife into a flat or langet shape, the thin way being in the direction
of the knife, and which thinned or langet part I bend at right angles with
the lengthway of the knife as the tangs of ordinary hay knives are
treated; and at a suitable distance from the blade I bend the said flat or
langet part again at right angles transversely with the blade of the
knife, and to the langet thus formed I apply wood or other suitable
material either in one or more pieces bent and united to the said langet
by rivets or other means.

page_text: By my improvements the user of the knife is able to grasp the part
next the blade and use it with much force, as in its finished form this
part will be smooth and uniform and adapted for the grip of the hand, a
quality not. possessed by hay knives of ordinary construction.
AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR SECURING THE NUTS ON BOLTS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Kenyon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
December 1870.
I, JOHN KENYON, of Percy Street, Bedford Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR SECURING THE NUTS ON BOLTS," to
be as follows :—
My Invention, which is intended to be applied to bolts and nuts used
in any position, consists of a left female thread being formed over the
usual right thread of the bolt to be acted upon, and having also an
extra nut made with a left male thread, so that after the first nut
is tightened up to the object it is intended to hold in position, the
second nut with the left thread is then screwed close up to the first.
And for the purpose of holding those two nuts in their fixed position. I
make two or more holes or indents on the face of the first nut, and on
the opposite face of the second nut I arrange any number of indents or
holes, so that when the two nuts are brought tightly together two of
those indents shall exactly coincide. I then insert in the hole or indents

page_text: so brought together a thin strip of iron, tin, or any other metal (melted
lead may be used), by this means the two nuts acting in direct opposition
to each other cannot move.
screw,
For the purpose of forming the female thread on the bolt I employ a
die made of steel or other metal closely fitting the thread of the right
and outside of this die I cut the line for the thread of the left
screw to the depth & form the left female thread is to be cut, which being
fixed on the bolt it is then put in the lathe, which is so arranged to
advance in the same ratio as the thread to be cut, the parts of the
right thread are then cut clean away, and the seperated ends left
smooth.
For forming the male thread on the second nut, I employ a suitable
tap or a steel die according to the number of threads and depth of nut
used.
IMPROVED LOCKING AND RELEASING HOOKS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th July 1870. A communication from abroad by John Bozorth
and Henry Fredericks, both of Camden, New Jersey, United States
of America.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, and Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED LOCKING AND RELEASING HOOKS,"
a communication, to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in the construction of a hook
more especially adapted to lowering ships' boats. It is made so that as
soon as the suspended boat touches the water it releases itself from the
hook, or it can be released from the hook by hand at will, or the hook
may be so secured as not to release the boat in either of the above ways
unless the hook is unlocked. To accomplish these objects the hook
proper is hinged at the bottom (by a pin passing through it), and so
adjusted that the weight attached presses one arm of the hook against
a latch with sufficient friction to prevent the latch falling of its own

page_text: weight. As soon as the hook is relieved from the weight the latch falls
by gravity and permits the hook to turn upside down upon the hinge,
thereby liberating the weight attached. When the hook operates as an
enclosed hook the point is prolonged so as to come under the latch, and
operates as above described. By operating the latch or catch by hand
the weight may be dropped whilst the weight is hanging to the hook;
or if it is desirable to secure the hook so that it cannot accidentally be
reversed I secure the latch in its position by a ring falling over the
handle of the latch; this would be the general position when there is no
immediate prospect of the hook being used.
It is obvious that this feature of the falling of the latch by gravity
and release of the hook when the weight is off is susceptible of various
modifications. This hook is also of use on canal boats and railroad
freight cars where it is desirable to release them from the draw line
instantly, and may be advantageously used in lowering weights on
land.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR BREAKING STONES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Baldwin Fulford Weatherdon
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 16th June 1870.-A communication from abroad by. Del
Ferdinand, of Vierzon-Forges (Cher), in the Empire of France.
I, BALDWIN FULFORD WEATHERDON, of 77, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR BREAKING STONES," (a com-
munication from abroad by Del Ferdinand, of Vierzon-Forges (Cher), in
the Empire of France), to be as follows (that is to say) :-
My Invention has reference to the construction of a machine and
mode of employing the same for breaking stones or like substances,
whereby greater simplicity in the process and method of working the
same is obtained than by the system at present in use, and consists of a
rectangular shoot or hopper of cast iron faced with steel, having one of
its sides hinged at the upper part thereof so as to move with a vertical
alternating action against a fixed plate through the medium of an
eccentric direct from an horizontal shaft driven by strap & fly wheel
gear, and mounted upon standard framing secured to a bed or base plate..

page_text: The action is as follows:-Upon the stones (to be broken) being
placed within the hopper, and motion given to the machine, the move-
able side or compressing plate aforesaid forces the stones against the
fixed front plate, breaking and discharging them as the pressure plate
advances and recedes by the action of the eccentric aforesaid..
ImprovEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Field and Edwin Badger
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 8th February 1870.
We, ARTHUR FIELD, of Brentford, in tho County of Middlesex, and
EDWIN BADGER, of Kingsdown, in the County of Kent, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for “ImprovEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES,” to
be as follows:-
-
Our Invention has for its object to render the steering or guiding of
two and three wheel velocipedes casier than is the case with the present
mode of construction in which the steering wheel has to be steadied
entirely by the two hands of the operator. For this purpose in place
of fixing both steering handles to the vertical spindle of the steering
wheel we provide a fixed tube or support secured to the frame of the
velocipede, through which tube the spindle of the steering wheel passes.
The one handle is fixed to the said tube while the other handle is fixed
to the spindle of the steering wheel, and by the latter alone the steering
of the velocipede is effected. This handle is connected to the fixed
tube or to the fixed handle, or to arms projecting therefrom, by means
of india-rubber or metal springs so arranged as to tend to keep the

page_text: steering handle in a line with the fixed handle, whereby also the steering
wheel is held in position for running straight forward. For turning
or running in a curve the steering handle is moved to or from the operator
as the case may be, who rests with his other hand upon the fixed handle
as a support. On releasing the steering handle the steering wheel is
at once drawn by the springs into the position for running straight
forward, and thus little or no exertion is required of the operator to
keep the steering wheel in this position. The handle carried by the
tube may be supported by a fork or arm from the latter and be made
rotatable on its axis in order to apply the break to the velocipede in
the same manner as is the case with velocipedes of present construction,
and the handle may in this case be slightly cranked to give more
purchase. Upon the tube immediately below the steering handle may
be fixed a dial or plate graduated so as to indicate the angles to which
the handle must be deflected for the velocipede to run in curves of:
certain radii, and the stooring handle may be secured temporarily in such
deflected positions by means of a catch or spring bolt upon the same
made to catch into a notch on the dial or plate, and which may bo
released by the pressure of the thumb or finger of the operator.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF PREVENTING THE CORROSION OF IRON EXPOSED TO WATER OR DAMPNESS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd June 1870.-A communication from abroad by Cornelius
Godfrey, of the City and State of New York, United States of
America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF
PREVENTING THE CORROSION OF IRON EXPOSED TO WATER OR DAMPNESS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a mode of protecting iron sufaces or iron
bodies from oxidation due to their exposure to moisture. This object is
effected by connecting with the iron at intervals a metal or combination
of metals or alloy which shall be electro-positive with reference to iron,
such, for instance, as zinc or alloys of zinc with tin or other metals, such
metal combination of metals or alloy not being attached continuously
over the whole surface of the iron exposed to the water but only at con-
venient and distant points of such surface. The electro-positive metal
may be applied in the form of plates, bolts, spikes, nails, rivets, plugs,

page_text: collars, rings, bands, nuts, washers, or straps, and in fact in almost any
form necessary to adapt it to the nature or form of the iron to be pro-
tected. In experiments which have been made in the application of this
Invention the greatest success has been attained by the use of an alloy
of zinc and tin as the electro-positive metal. The efficiency of the
electro-positive metal or alloy may be increased in many cases by amal-
gamating its surface with quicksilver.
NEW OR IMPROVED INSTRUMENTS OR APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING FIRES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Turton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
July 1870.
I, GEORGE TURTON, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Commercial
Traveller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "NEW
OR IMPROVED INSTRUMENTS OR APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING FIRES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists of instruments or apparatus constructed in the
manner herein-after described for lighting fires by means of gas, the use
of the said instruments superseding the use of the ordinary fire wood and
fire lighters, and effecting the lighting of fires with certainty.
The
I will describe an instrument constructed according to that form of
my Invention which is most convenient for ordinary domestic use.
said instrument consists of a small flat box, made of cast iron or other
material not injured by heat, the said box being of such a depth or
thickness that it will readily pass between the bottom of the grate and
the lowest front bar. On the upper surface of the box are two or more
projecting ribs, and to the front end a hollow handle is fixed. By

page_text: means of a flexible pipe gas may be passed through the handle to the
interior of the box. The upper side of the box is perforated with a series
of small holes, or a series of brass or other jets may be fixed in the said
upper side. Larger openings passing through the box admit air to the
upper side of the box. In´ using this instrument it is placed at the
bottom of the grate, the fuel being supported by the ribs on its upper
side. The gas is lighted, combustion being supported by the air entering
at the openings described. As soon as the fuel has become sufficiently
ignited the gas is turned off, and the instrument withdrawn from the
grate.
Although I prefer to make the instrument separate from the grate, yet
it may be fixed to or made part of the grate.
Instead of supporting the combustion of the gas by means of air
introduced at the openings described, air may be mixed with the gas
before burning. In this case the gaseous mixture is passed through wire
gauze on the top of the box, and ignited on the upper side of the said
wire gauze.
By the use of my Invention fires may be lighted with certainty,
rapidity, and economy.
AN IMPROVED GLUE POT
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Speight at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
June 1870.
I, GEORGE SPEIGHT, of Spencer Street, Goswell Road, in the County
of Middlesex, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED GLUE POT," to be as follows:
Glue is an article in general use, and great advantages would result
if it could be readily applied to articles in houses, offices, and elsewhere.
The object of my Invention is to effect this desirable purpose in a
practical manner.
According to my Invention I construct a glue pot as follows:-I
construct a vessel which is raised so as to have a space underneath it, or
between the vessel and the surface on which it rests or stands. This
may be effected by forming the vessel with two bottoms, one above the
other, having a space or chamber between them; or the vessel may be
raised on a rim or on feet or supports so that a space will be below the
the bottom of the vessel. Into this space air is admitted by one or more
openings. I insert in the vessel a well pan or inner vessel of earthen-
ware, metal, or other suitable material in which glue is placed. Water

page_text: is poured into the outer or main vessel and a wick float, starlight, night
light, or other portable and easily kindled agent for or means of pro-
curing heat is placed in the space below the vessel. The heat thus
obtained will warm the water and dissolve the gluc, thus rendering it
readily available for use and quite dispensing with the necessity of 5
employing (in order to heat it) gas or coal fire, which are not always
at hand, especially in places of business.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BAKERS' OVENS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE WITH
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Adair at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st August
1870.
I, JOHN ADAIR, of Waterford, in the County of Waterford, Ireland,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF BAKERS' OVENS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE WITH,'
to be as follows:-
"
The skill
In the ordinary process of bread baking the loaves are put into the
oven one by one, and taken out much in the same way, or at most 5 at a
time. The hot floor of the oven has to be cleaned of ashes and fire, and
then clinkers are placed around the sides of oven, so as to keep the bread
in shape and prevent its being burnt by the sides of oven.
required to place the loaves in an oven involves much time and training,
and consequently high wages must be paid for it. Last, but not least,
and to the general public the most important point is, that the bread as
now made is manipulated so much by the hands of men, who from the
experience of all bakers are not the most particular to do the work in
a clean way, though there are exceptions.

page_text: Now my Invention intends to do away with all the skilled hand
labour by the following means:-Having prepared the dough by any
suitable dough-making machine I empty it out on a table, having fixed
over it, or being able to slide under a break, which by dripping con-
stantly and heavily on the dough renders it into an even mass, which
by the same or another break may be rendered into a thick sheet, so
that the same could be cut into strips by a roller having circular cutting
blades, and they may then be cut into loaves. Trays are then at hand,
which trays are the principal part of my Invention. These trays have
wheels under them and are so arranged that they can be easily pushed
-along-rails-into-the-oven, which-is-also-so-fitted-with-rails-that-the-trays
run beside each other. These trays are made of iron and are covered
with tiles, like any baker's oven. Upon these trays I put the pieces of
dough, but first I press them into shape by a lever power or other
suitable means. The tray or trays are then run into the oven, and when
baked drawn' out.
The oven is constructed in a manner suitable to receive the trays at
one push and give them out in one drag, that is, the tray or trays are
of the width of the oven, and the front of the oven is shut by a hinged
flap door, or for the sake of keeping in the heat and steam better double
doors may be used. The doors are raised or opened by chains, pulleys,
and balance weights. The same object may be attained in various ways,
of which I will describe one, viz., the front of the oven may be closed
by a sliding door instead of a hinged door. The door has one or more
✓ shaped ribs at the bottom, and V grooves at the top; these slide in
corresponding V grooves and V ribs, and sand is used as a means of
making a joint.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING SURFACES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Samuel Lines at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th January 1870.
07
I, FREDERICK SAMUEL LINES, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Painter and Grainer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING SURFACES," to be as
follows:-
F, L
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
ornamenting surfaces, which improvements. are especially applicable to
the ornamenting of rigid surfaces, such as panels, doors, and walls, but
are also applicable to the ornamenting of flexible surfaces, such as the
surfaces of paper and oil cloth.
According to one of my improvements I prepare the surface to be
ornamented with a ground or base of gold, silver; Dutch metal, or other
metal. This metallic ground or base may be produced by the appli-
cation of gold or metal leaf applied in the ordinary way, or by the use
of powdered metals or bronzes. Upon the said metallic ground or
base I apply a pigment similar to that ordinarily employed in graining

page_text: wood, and by means of graining tools and the graining process I
remove portions of the said pigment while in a semi-liquid or moist
state, thereby exposing in parts the metallic ground underneath. After
the graining has hardened or become dry the surface is covered with
varnish to fix and protect it. In laying on the metallic ground or
base the size or boiled linseed oil applied to the surface may be applied
with a stiff or coarse brush so as to produce a series of fine lines, the
figure of which is reproduced in the metal afterwards applied. By
this means a beautiful iridescent character is given to the metallic
portions of the surface, which is particularly evident on surfaces of
moving objects, such as doors, or in fixed objects when the observer
moves about. Instead of graining upon the metallic surface marbling,
water, wave, plaid, and other patterns may be produced in. the graining
pigment or material.
Another of my improvements consists of a process very nearly the
reverse of that described. In this improvement I produce upon the
surface to be ornamented a ground in ordinary paint with either a dead
or glazed surface, and upon this I produce à grained, marbled, or other
pattern in gold size or boiled linseed oil. To the surface so treated
I apply the gold or other leaf or powdered metal, and when the size
or oil has sufficiently hardened I remove the metal by gentle friction
from those parts to which the size or oil had not been applied. The
graining or other ornamental design is thus produced in the metal upon
the plain or non-metallic ground. In laying on the ground the lines
herein-before described may be produced. In this case the iridescence is
seen upon the metallic ornament, but not upon the ground, whereas in
the improvement first described the iridescence is seen in the metallic
ground and not in the other parts of the ornamented surface.
My Invention is applicable to the ornamenting of metallic and non-
metallic surfaces generally.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS AND OTHER NAVIGABLE VESSELS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Needham at the Office.
.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
May 1870.
I, JOSEPH NEEDHAM, of Overstone Road, Hammersmith, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS AND OTHER NAVIGABLE VESSELS," to be
as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of
ships and other navigable vessels, whereby such vessels are rendered less
liable to founder after having sprung a leak, whilst should a sea wash
over the vessel it is prevented entering the cabins or other compartments
thereof to any serious extent.
The mode in which I effect the above objects with respect to the hold
and other similar parts of a vessel is by having in connection with each
hatchway a square or other shaped tube extending down to within a
short distance of the bottom of the hold, by these means when a leak has
sprung in the bottom of the vessel the water will enter until it has
sealed the bottom of cach of the hatchway tubes, when the air in the
hold will prevent the entrance of any more water.

page_text: "
For the cabins and other similar compartments of a vessel requiring
accommodation for communication with the deck I form the "companion
ladder or stairs in a double incline, one set of stairs or steps leading
down to a suitable distance below the deck of the cabin, whilst the other
set rises from such low level to the level of the cabin deck, by which
means water will be prevented entering the cabins or other similar parts
of a vessel from the main deck, as when the space occupied by the
companion" stairs below the deck of the cabin is filled with water
the entrance to the cabin is sealed thereby, and the air therein prevents
the entrance of any great body of water.
65
It is preferred that the vessel be loaded through the hatchway tubes,
but if desired other openings may be provided for loading, care being
taken to batten down or cover such openings in an air-tight manner
after the stowage is complete, or if desired the hatchway tubes may be
fixed in an air-tight manner after the vessel is loaded.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Arlidge Mason and John
Williams at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 20th July 1870.
We, JOHN ARLIDGE MASON and John Williams, both of Holborn,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
To the driving wheel (to which is secured the handle for working by
manual power) a toothed wheel is fitted which gears with a smaller
toothed wheel keyed on the driving shaft of the machine, which driving
shaft carries an eccentric with a connecting rod, the other end whereof
is connected to the axis of a quadrant shuttle holder which works
beneath the holder plate. The serrated claw which moves the work
in execution which works in an opening in the holder plate has the
proper motion given to it by the action of a projection or cam on the
above-mentioned eccentric, the face of which projection is inclined so
as to act in an intermittent manner on the end of a rod which is con-
nected to the aforesaid claw. On the said driving shaft at the end
opposite to the driving wheel a driving pulley is keyed (whereby
foot motion may be applied to the machine if desired). The claw

page_text: is made to rise and fall by means of a cam on the quadrant shuttle
holder. The driving pulley has on its outer face a centre pin (placed
eccentrically on the said pulley), which centre pin serves to connect
free to move a connecting rod which is jointed at its other end to a
projecting portion of a rocking shaft which by another projecting portion
at the other end of the rocking shaft is jointed to a bent link, which
link is also jointed to an arm which moves the needle slide in such
manner that the needle shall move up and down with regularity, but so
as to make a sufficient "dip" to form a good loop to allow the shuttle
to pass through (and this is a prominent feature in our Invention). The
usual presser is used and we prefer to have a dial regulator for regulating
the fineness or coarseness of the stitch.
The above-described arrangements are fitted up with suitable bearings
in proper framing, joint pins, and so forth, and combined and used
together in a compact form of case.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF CHECKING AND INDICATING THE NUMBER OF PASSENGERS CARRIED BY AN OMNIBUS OR OTHER SIMILAR PUBLIC CONVEYANCE
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Alexander Calvert, of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MEANS OF CHECKING AND INDICATING THE NUMBER OF PASSENGERS CARRIED BY
AN OMNIBUS OR OTHER SIMILAR PUBLIC CONVEYANCE."
Sealed the 6th September 1870; and dated the 9th June 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Alexander
Calvert at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his.
Petition, on the 9th June 1870.
I, CHARLES ALEXANDER CALVERT, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-.
PROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF CHECKING AND INDICATING THE NUMBER OF
PASSENGERS CARRIED BY AN OMNIBUS OR OTHER SIMILAR PUBLIC CONVEYANCE," to.
be as follows:-
-
The Invention consists principally in causing the weight of the
passengers carried by the omnibus or other conveyance to indicate their

page_text: number, and thus to afford aready means of checking the receipts of the
conductor or other money taker.
The body of the omnibus or vehicle is swung upon weight beams, or
otherwise so mounted and arranged that the weight of each person
entering the vehicle acts upon a suitable arrangement of indicating
apparatus, and indicates that additional weight, whilst the alighting or
descending of the persons has no effect thereon; and the result is that at
the end of the journey (or day's work, as the case may be,) the aggregate
weight of all persons who have entered upon and been carried by the
vehicle will have been indicated and registered upon a dial, and by taking
the average of any number of persons at different times for a given
period, and comparing that with their weight as indicated, a correct
average of the weight of each person can be ascertained, and thus by
dividing the aggregate weight as indicated by this average an approxi-
mation sufficiently near to prevent fraud (or at any rate reduce it to a
minimum) can be arrived at.
In carrying out this Invention it is not proposed to pay the conductors
in the usual way, but either to give them a commission on the returns,
or to let the omnibuses or vehicles to them on hire at the rate of so much
per ton carried, as registered by the indicator.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR ASSISTING INVALIDS OR BEDRIDDEN PERSONS IN OR REMOVING FROM BEDS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Negus Jakins at the
Office of the Commissioners. of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd August 1870.
I, ISAAC NEGUS JAKINS, of 32, Osnaburgh Street, Regent's Park, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR ASSISTING INVALIDS OR BEDRIDDEN
PERSONS IN OR REMOVING FROM BEDS," to be as follows:-
_
That is, consists of three iron rods or pipes with handle and screws, as
under, first, two uprights of about 3 or 5 feet in height, each ending
in four legs to each upright, & having moveable castors on each leg;
2nd, on the top of each upright there is a revolving collar, through
which collar a cross or horizontal bar passes. Each upright has also a
moveable screw clip to receive a horizontal bar (thinner than the first
horizontal bar referred to) for the purpose of changing the position of
the invalid from a recumbent to a perpendicular. A chain is also
attached to each upright, connecting it with the foot of the bedstead for
the purpose of keeping it steady. On the cross or horizontal bar there
are 2 buttons to recieve ropes or straps, by which when the said bar
revolves the invalid is raised up. It has also an iron cap having 4 slots

page_text: cut in it, also a screw at either end, one to fasten the handle on, the other
to prevent the bar sliding out. This horizontal bar revolves by means of
the handle, thus raising the invalid from the bed, where he can be fixed
at any desired height by means of a bolt being projected into a slot,
which bolt is affixed to the top of the cap on the side corresponding to
the slot. When the invalid is thus raised up, assisted by a brace or
braces from his shoulders & around the buttocks, he may be removed
from one bed to another, or to a chair by merely applying a little force
to the opposite upright to which you desire to remove him. The caps
on the top of each revolving allow this.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ASSISTING IN THE PEDO-LOCOMOTION OF THE HUMAN BODY
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st April 1870.
I, HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of 21, Lupus Street, London, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ASSISTING IN THE PEDO-LOCOMOTION OF THE
HUMAN BODY," to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to pedo-locomotion, and the improvements
consist in suspending or supporting the human foot from, or on a single
disc or wheel, by means of suitable foot slings, supports, or stirrups,
conveniently fixed to the axle of such disc or wheel, preferably below
such axle, and having any convenient fastenings for securing the foot
and leg therein or thereon, and keeping them more or less firmly in
their proper position. Also in furnishing lateral and vertical supports,
one or more of them made to lay along, clip, and embrace, or otherwise
support, and be attached or fastened on, the leg and foot in such manner
that the ankle may be supported, and the side play thereof to a great
extent prevented, for the purpose of more conveniently using the said
wheel or disc; also, in furnishing a suitable pointed projection or spur,

page_text: one or more of them moveable, adjustable, or otherwise; or the projection
or spur may be furnished with a small disc, toothed or otherwise, fixed
to the heel of the boot of the user of the machine, or to the heel of the
foot supports, or to the stirrups, or to any other convenient part of the
machine, for the purposes of the user of the machine stopping, standing,
or guiding, and for preventing in some measure the user of the machine
falling backwards. The machine to be used like ordinary wheel skates
are now used.
The improvements may be conveniently carried into effect by making
the wheel of metal or wood, solid or otherwise, dished or not, and with
or without an india-rubber tyre with suitable nave and axle, which may
be of metal attached to the main vertical side support made of metal
or wood, said side support being furnished at its upper part with a strap
to fasten below the knee, and at its lower end with a metal or wood
stirrup or sling for holding the foot, which may be secured to the
stirrup by straps or in any other convenient manner; to the said stirrup
or sling may be attached the adjusting spur or projection which may
be of metal or hard wood. Any suitable cover plates or covering may
be used and fixed to the wheel to protect the dress. The foot may be
slung or supported so as to be sufficiently clear of the ground to allow
of the necessary balance movement of the foot. The wheel may be of
any convenient size, preferably about one foot diameter. The machine
above described may be applied one to each foot with the wheel or disc
on the outside of the foot.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR BURNING HYDROCARBONS, APPLICABLE FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Giovanni Battimelli, of Naples, in the Kingdom
of Italy, but at present residing in High Street, in the Borough of
Southwark, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR BURNING
HYDROCARBONS, APPLICABLE FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES."
Sealed the 16th August 1870, and dated the 17th February 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Giovanni Battimelli at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 17th February 1870.
.
I, GIOVANNI BATTIMELLI, of Naples, in the Kingdom of Italy, but
at present residing in High Street, in the Borough of Southwark, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LAMPS FOR BURNING HYDROCARBONS, APPLICABLE FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER
CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to construct a lamp in which petroleum
and other volatile hydrocarbon liquids may be burned without danger or
risk of explosion.

page_text: The combustible liquid is contained in a flat vessel divided concen-
trically by vertical partitions into a number of annular spaces, which
communicate with each other by holes made in the partitions. The
wick holder may be of the ordinary construction, and is adapted to the
upper end of a conical tube perforated at bottom to admit a sufficient
supply of liquid for the wick, but will prevent the liquid from splashing
or dashing about and being brought into contract with the flame.
Another form of lamp is made by constructing the oil reservoir in the
form of a flat shallow vessel, into which are made to dip two or more
wicks, whereby the liquid-will-be-drawn up-into-a-chamber-above-
formed by a concave disc fixed to the sides of the chamber. The liquid
or oil is supplied to the wick of the burner by causing the same to rest
upon the absorbing wicks in the chamber above the oil reservoir.
In order to use these lamps in railway carriages they must be placed in
a case or lantern so as to prevent rain or wind from obtaining access to
the wick. This case fits into an opening in the roof, and is provided with
air pipes or tubes for carrying off the heated vapours. It is also provided
with a spring and catch for holding the parts together, and admitting of
the cap or cover being removed with facility when it is required to take
out the lamp.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION loft by Jean de Weweirne at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th June
1870.
I, JEAN DE WEWEIRNE, the younger; of Ghent, in the Kingdom of
Belgium, Dyer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a mixture of chemical ingredients applicable
for dyeing or staining yarns or fabrics made of flax, cotton, hemp, silk,
wool, and other fibrous substances in a better and more economical
manner than heretofore. The substances which are employed for the
purposes of this Invention are indigo, madder, metallic zinc, and proto-
chloride of tin mixed in about the following proportions:-To every
kilogramme of indigo I add a kilogramme of grey amorphous zinc and
the same quantity of madder and 100 grammes of protochloride of tin..
All these substances must be intimately mixed together in a vat or vessel
containing about 1000 litres of cold water and a kilogramme of slacked

page_text: lime (cold) for every kilogramme of indigo employed. The effect of this
mixture will be that the dyeing operation will be accelerated, and may
be carried on cold, and the coloring and dyeing action of the indigo
will be very greatly increased. The colours moreover will be brighter
and the fabric will not be injuriously affected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING WOOD INTO SHREDS OR SHAVINGS TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Robinson and John Smith
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 15th January 1870.
We, JOHN ROBINSON, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, and JOHN SMITH, of the same Place, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING WOOD INTO SHREDS OR SHAVINGS TO BE USED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in the reduction of wood into shreds or
shavings by an arrangement with rotatory cutters, and in the employ-
ment of a certain form of cutter for that purpose. The timber to be
cut is held between a pair or pairs of feed rollers, the upper of which
are moveable, but weighted to allow different thicknesses to pass. The
rotatory cutters are mounted upon two discs, which are caused to travel
to and fro, one set being on one side of the timber and the other on the
other side thereof, either at right angles or other angle thereto. The
travelling frame which carries them is overhanging, and they are thus
enabled to cut a certain length into shreds or shavings. When this

page_text: has been done another length is moved forward by the feed rollers to be
treated in like manner. The form of cutter we propose to use consists
of discs, upon which a series of blades are mounted projecting slightly
beyond the peripheries of the said discs and placed at an angle, so that
one end and constituting a point enters the wood first, and this part
we prefer to form in a separate piece.
Instead of two sets of cutters one only may be employed, and the
cutting may take place as they move bodily in one direction only or in
both.
In the above description the cutters are stated, to move towards the
timber, but this may be reversed if desired.
IMPROVED Apparatus for STEAM CULTIVATION
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Edwards at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
February 1870.
I, ROBERT EDWARDS, of Ashford, in the County of Kent, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
Apparatus for STEAM CULTIVATION," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to reduce the cost of steam cultivating
apparatus without materially diminishing its efficiency. To this end I
provide a self-propelling steam engine suitable for traversing the land to
bo tilled, and carrying with it a double-action plough or other tilling
instrument, which may be made to operate upon the land without the
necessity for turning at the land's end. I use for this purpose a
travelling engine of any approved construction, and attach to one side
thereof the plough or other implement required to be used. The plough
I construct by preference on the balance principle, but I may use
rocking or tipping ploughs of other well-known constructions fitted with
reversed shares for ploughing alternately in opposite directions. The
plough or ploughs may be attached permanently to or detachable from

page_text: the engine, and the steering of the engine will cause them to take up
new ground at the end of every bout. Instead of applying a double-
action plough or two single right and left handed ploughs to the engine
I may use a double-action cultivator or drill. The plough or other
implement will be so situate with regard to the carrying wheel of tho
engine nearest to it that that wheel will run on the unbroken ground in
front of the advancing shares or coulters. Thus the traverse of the
engine to and fro across the field will not interfere with the work
performed by the tilling implement.
AN IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT OF REVERSING AND EXPANSION GEAR FOR STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Aveling and Henry
Rawlinson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 7th June 1870.
We, THOMAS AVELING and HENRY RAWLINSON, both of Rochester,
in the County of Kent, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT OF REVERSING AND EXPANSION
GEAR FOR STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
:-
The object of our Invention is to simplify the construction of the
mechanism now known as the link motion, which is employed for
working steam engines expansively and reversing their action. To
this end instead of using two excentrics with their straps and rods for
imparting a variable oscillating motion to the link which works the
slide valve through the valve rod we employ one excentric, which we
make adjustable on the crank shaft, and thereby enable it to perform the
duty of the two excentrics and the link. Upon the crank shaft we mount
loosely a sleeve fitted with a couple of collars, between which a forked
lever works for giving the sleeve an endway motion on its shaft. In
this sleeve we form a diagonal slot which receives a pin projecting from
the crank shaft, and thus connects the sleeve to its shaft, while leaving

page_text: it free to receive a limited axial motion thereon. Mounted on the sleeve
is the excentric for working the valve. This excentric is provided with
collars, and it is embraced by a stationary or fixed fork between these
collars to prevent its receiving an endway motion from the sleeve when
that is turned upon its shaft. A feather fitted to the sleeve projects into
a longitudinal groove cut in the excentric, and thus as the sleeve rotates
with its shaft it will carry round the excentric. By rocking the forked
lever which embraces the sleeve an endway motion will be given to it,
and this motion by reason of the pin in the diagonal slot will be con-
verted into an axial motion, which motion will be imparted to the
excentric mounted thereon. This arrangement therefore allows of the
excentric being thrown over (either forward or backward), and thus
regulating the cut off or reversing the action of the engine in a manner
similar to the link motion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE FLOW OF AIR INTO STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Glover at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th March
1870.
I, JOHN GLOVER, of 46, Sekforde Street, Clerkenwell, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE FLOW OF AIR INTO
STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES," to be as follows:―
My Invention relates to regulating the flow of air into steam boiler
and other furnaces so as to facilitate the combustion of the fuel therein
by the use of fixed louvre plates applied to the fire-doors. These louvre
plates are by preference arranged parallel to each other on the inside of
the door and inclining downwards so as to have the effect of causing the
air as it enters the openings in the fire-door to incline downwards on to
the top and front of the fuel, and thus produce a bright fire on the upper
surface of it, by which the fuel will be more thoroughly consumed and
smoke prevented. These louvre plates may be of considerable width,
say 4 or 5 inches wide, so as by their heat to heat the air in its passage
between them to the fuel. The whole available space of the doorway

page_text: may be provided with these louvre plates, or there may be alternately a
louvre plate and a bar. The under side or edge of the louvres may be
either straight or vandyked or of other uneven shape so as to facilitate
the distribution of the current of air, and thus produce more perfect
combustion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR ORNAMENTING OR EMBROIDERING FABRICS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Robert Gibbons and
Anthony Umbach at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 17th January 1870.
We, ALFRED ROBERT GIBBONS, of Old Change, in the City of London,
Buyer, and ANTHONY UMBACH, of Sebbon Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of our said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR ORNAMENTING OR
EMBROIDERING FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the sewing or
embroidering machines for which Letters Patent were granted to William
Edward Gedge, bearing date the 25th of November 1868, No. 3590,
and has for its object the rendering the said machinery or apparatus
self-acting or automatic, whereby any given pattern may be embroidered
with perfect accuracy without being dependent upon the will of the
operator.
According to this Invention we substitute for the crank handle
underneath the said machinė intended to be worked by the operator a
toothed pinion, into which gears a toothed wheel or segment working on

page_text: a fixed centre in the bed plate of the machine. This toothed wheel or
segment is actuated by a lever, which may be either fast on the boss of
the wheel or made to drive the wheel through a ratchet and pall motion,
the lever itself being actuated to and fro either by a second lever worked
by a crank pin on a short shaft or by a pattern cam on such shaft, these
pattern cams being of different forms and made readily changcable to
suit the particular pattern to be produced. The short crank or. cam
shaft above referred to may be driven by means of a screw and worm
wheel or other suitable mechanical arrangement, the screw if employed
being mounted on a second motion shaft driven by a pitch chain or
otherwise from the main driving shaft or other convenient part of the
machine, provision being made for varying the speed of rotation at
pleasure of the toothed pinion herein-before first referred to. The shaft
which carries this pinion is connected with a universal top feed in the
same manner as is described in the Specification before referred to, and
thus the motions of such feed are entirely regulated by the machine
itself.