Improvements in Tubulous Boilers and in the Means of Closing the Spaces between the Tubes thereof.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Apr., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 7th Jan., 1898-Accepted, 12th Feb., 1898
TROYIDIONAL DI BUITICATION.
Improvements in Tubulous Boilers and in the Means of Closing the
Spaces between the Tubes thereof.
I, JAMES WEIR, of Holm Foundry, Cathcart, in the County of Renfrew, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:―
The present invention relates mainly to further developments or improvements
applicable to tubulous boilers of the type where the upper and lower drums are
connected by tubes. The principal object in the present invention is, as in the
above mentioned specification, to obtain a more complete combustion of the fuel by
arranging the furnaces and combustion chambers in such a manner that the gases
produced in the furnace, and the air admitted to the furnace at any parts, either
through or over the fire, at the sides or ends, when on their way to the combustion
chamber, shall pass through the bridge opening together. This opening is con-
tracted so as to accelerate the speed of the air and gases entering into the large
space or combustion chamber, and the effect of the jet of air and gases entering
the combustion chamber is to set up a whirling motion, which results in the
thorough mixture of the air and gases, necessary to attain complete combustion.
In my present invention this result can be achieved in tubulous boilers of a less
vertical height than those previously described.
According to my present invention the furnaces may be arranged at a higher
level than the lower drums (instead of below the lower drums as in the previous
specification) and fired below the curved tubes.
According to one modification I arrange the upper or steam drum at the required
distance above the lower or water drum, and the heating tubes connecting the drums
are curved outwards leaving a space between which forms the combustion chamber.
The furnace or fire grates are placed outside and under the tubes and are fired from
the outside and under the tubes, that is, towards the lower drum the gases are led
from the fires, amongst and through between the lower part of the tubes and pass
through a contracted space into the combustion chamber where they mix and burn.
Then they leave through an opening at lower part and into and along the group
of tubes towards the top where they escape into the uptake. When this boiler is
double ended, the tubes are curved outwards from both sides of the drums and the
furnaces are arranged at both sides and fired from the outside. Towards the centre
and when single ended, the opening between the drums at back, is either closed up
by a wall of tubes or bricks (or built up) or modified as follows:
The upper drum by preference is brought forward out of the vertical line of the
lower drum and the front nest or group of tubes curving over the fire are reduced
in number, and the group of tubes forming and enclosing the back of the com-
bustion chamber are increased to form a large proportion of the heating surface.
The gases from the fire pass towards the back of the furnace and there enter the
front group of tubes which act as a flue to carry the gases along the tubes.
opening is made near the top by which they enter the combustion chamber. Au
'
An

page_text: opening is made near the bottom ends of the tubes of the back group by which the
gases leave the combustion chamber, and pass along and up to the uptake.
By modifying the curve of the back group of tubes and the relative vertical
position of the drums, the combustion chamber may be formed within the curve of
the back group of tubes, and the furnace formed at the front, enclosed by a screen
formed of bricks or tubes. The gases from the fire would pass through the bridge
opening formed between the upper and lower drum into the combustion chamber,
then enter the back group at the lower ends and pass along the tubes and leave at
the top into the uptake. The division walls for directing the gases into and along
the tubes, may be formed in the ordinary manner or by preference specially formed
bricks which is one of my improvements being specially applicable in this boiler
where the tubes are divided and arranged in parallel rows or planes and not
staggered.
Doors for examination, cleaning and damping the fires are fitted on the outside
casing. Also doors for cleaning and admitting air behind the fires are fitted
(arranged) in the ash pit.
My improved tube wall brick is made of fire resisting material and one side is
shaped to fit upon the side of a tube while the opposite side is so recessed as to be.
able to be placed in position with regard to the tube next in order and the space is
then filled in with clay cement or the like so as to firmly key or hold the brick in
place. The adjoining ends of the bricks may be made with tongue and groove or
so formed as to break joint and hold the intervening cement or clay.
P
11005
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agent,
For the Applicant.
Improvements in Tubulous Boilers and in the Means of Closing the
Spaces between the Tubes thereof.
I, JAMES WEIR, of Holm Foundry, Cathcart, in the County of Renfrew, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My present invention relates mainly to further developements or improvements
on the invention described in Specification No. 28961 dated 17th December 1896
and is applicable to tubulous boilers of the type where the upper and lower drums
are connected by tubes. The principal object in the present invention is, as in the
above mentioned specification, to obtain the more complete combustion of the fuel
by arranging the furnaces and combustion chambers in such a manner that the
gas produced in the furnace and the air admitted to the furnace at any parts either
through or over the fire, at the sides or ends, when on their way to the combustion
chamber shall pass through the bridge opening together. This opening is con-
tracted so as to accelerate the speed of the air and gases entering into the large
space or combustion chamber, and the effect of the jets of air and gases entering
the combustion chamber is to set up a whirling motion, which results in the
thorough mixture of the air and gases necessary to obtain complete combustion.
In my present invention this result can be achieved in tubulous boilers of a less
vertical height than those previously described. In the accompanying drawing
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and G, show in transverse section various arrangements of parts

page_text: by which invention may
my
be carried into effect. Figure 5 shows a side section
of the modification shown in transverse section in Figure 4. Figures 7 and 8
show cross sections of the arrangement of tubes and tube wall bricks or baffle
plates. According to my present invention, the furnaces may be arranged at a
higher level than the lower drums (instead of below the lower drums, as in the
previous specification) and fired below the curved tubes as shewn in Figures 3, 4,
5 and 6.
In Figure 1 the upper or steam drum A is placed at the required distance above
the lower or water drum B and the heating tubes C, D), connecting the drums are
curved outwards leaving a space G between which forms the combustion chamber.
The furnace or firegrates E are placed outside and under the tubes and are fired
from outside through the door F, that is towards the lower drum. The gases are
led from the fires as shown by the arrows amongst and through between the lower
part of the tubes C, and pass through a contracted space M into the combustion
chamber G, where they mix and burn, the back of such chamber being closed by
a wall of tubes or bricks P. Then they leave through an opening N at lower part
and into and along the group of tubes opening towards the top where they escape
from the uptake H. When this boiler is double ended as shewn in Figure 2, the
tubes are curved outwards from both sides of the drums A and B and the furnaces E
are arranged at both sides and fired from the outside towards the centre.
In Figure 3, the upper drum A by preference is brought forward out of the
vertical line of the lower drum B, and the front nest or group of tubes C, curving
over the fire are reduced in number, and the group of tubes D., forming and enclos-
ing the back of the combustion chamber are increased to form the larger propor-
tion of the heating surface. The gases from the fire pass towards the back of the
furnace, and there enter the front group of tubes C, which act as a flue R, to carry
the gases along the tubes. An opening M, is made near the top by which they
enter the combustion chamber G. An opening N is made near the bottom ends
of the tubes of the back group D by which the gases leave the combustion chamber
and pass along and up to the uptake H.
When arranged as shown in Figures 4 and 5, the boiler can either be single or
double ended. The upper drum A is placed in a vertical line between the lower
drums BB, the group of tubes C curving over the fire and the group D forming
the back of the combustion chamber G. The gases 'leaving the fire pass to the
back of the furnace and then into the chamber or flue R formed by setting back
some of the tubes of the group C to permit the gases to pass into the combustion
chamber G through the opening M, passing thence through N near the bottom of
the group D, up through the tubes 1 to the uptake H.
By modifying the curve of the back group of tubes and the relative vertical
position of the drums, Figure 6, the combustion chamber G may be formed within
the curve of the back group of tubes D), and the furnace E formed at the front, enclosed
by a screen formed of bricks J and tubes C. The gases from the fire would pass
through the bridge opening M formed between the upper and lower drum into the
combustion chamber G, then enter the back group at the lower ends N and pass
along the tubes 1) and leave at the top into the uptake H. The division walls I
for directing the gases into and along the tubes, may be formed in the ordinary
manner, or by preference, of specially formed bricks which are particularly appli-
cable to boilers where the tubes are divided and arranged in parallel rows or planes
and not staggered.
This is done to facilitate cleaning and withdrawal. In the case however when
only two constitute a group, the tubes may be staggered to form a wall with
advantage.
Doors for examination, cleaning and damping the fires, are fitted on the outside
casing, as are also doors K for cleaning and admitting air behind the fires.
My improved tube wall bricks, Figures 7 and 8 are made of fire-resisting material,
and on one side S are shaped to fit upon the side of a tube while the opposite side
is so recessed as to be able to be placed in position with regard to the tube next in

page_text: order and the space is then filled in with clay cement or the like T, so as to firmly
key or hold the bricks in place. The adjoining ends of the bricks may be made
with tongues and grooves or be so formed as to break joint and hold the interven-
ing cement or clay. The bricks may be made of any suitable length.
I am aware that it has heretofore been proposed to protect a portion of the tubes
of boilers of this class from the direct. action of the furnace heat and also that
various forms of combustion chambers have been suggested both for use in ordinary
furnaces and boilers and in boilers of the class hereinbefore described and I make
no broad clain to either of these features per se but;
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. In tubulous steam boilers the arrangement of parts whereby a separate com-
bustion chamber is obtained, substantially as described and as shown in Figures 1
and 2 of the accompanying drawings.
2 In tubulous steam boilers the arrangement of parts whereby a separate com-
bustion chamber is obtained, substantially as described and as shown in Figure 3
of the accompanying drawing.
3. In tubulous steam boilers the arrangement of parts whereby a separate com-
bustion chamber is obtained, substantially as described and as shown in Figures 4
and 5 of the accompanying drawings.
4 In tubulous steam boilers the arrangement of parts whereby a separate com-
bustion chamber is obtained, substantially as described and as shown in Figure 6
of the accompanying drawing.
5. In tubulous boilers the improved form of and method of securing the baffle
plates or wall bricks between the tubes substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
Chartered Patent Agent, 55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London,
For the Applicant.