Year: 1885

page_text: I HENRY LEWIS DOULTON of the Albert Embankment Lambeth in the County
of Surrey Potter do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object improvements in filters.
The filtering material which I employ is charcoal prepared in such a way as to
supplement and improve its well known purifying action. The charcoal for this
purpose is heated in covered crucibles with from five to fifteen per cent or more of
powdered commercial black oxide of manganese together with a very small quantity
of some fixed oil, resin or fat.
During the heating air is to be excluded from contact with the charcoal and the
temperature is to be raised sufficiently high to cause the reduction of the manganese
dioxide at least to manganous-manganic oxide, which afterwards acts as a carrier
of oxygen and thereby much prolongs the purifying action of the medium.
Another method of obtaining charcoal in combination with manganous-manganic
oxide is to saturate charcoal with manganous chloride (or even manganous residues)
and afterwards subjecting it to a strong heat in closed crucibles.
The manganiferous charcoal so prepared is employed partly in the form of a
moulded block and partly in an unconsolidated and finely divided state.
The filter apparatus consists of an outer vessel or case preferably of earthenware,
in form it may be a cylinder closed at the lower end with the exception of a tap
hole so arranged that the vessel may be completely emptied by it.
An inner or lining vessel drops within the case at its upper end.
A perforated diaphragm divides the inner vessel into two parts, above the
diaphragm is the capacity for the water to be filtered and beneath it is a chamber
which I call the basket in which the filtering medium is contained.
At the bottom of the busket is an opening into which is inserted a disc or plug
of stoneware ground true on the face. A similar face is attached to the manga-
niferous carbon block and these two ground surfaces unite and form a watertight
joint. The carbon block is usually cylindrical in form with a conical cavity pro-
jecting into it from the underside. The water finds its way through the block to

page_text: this cavity and then descends into the lower part of the filter case where the
filtered water is stored by a perforation in the stone ware disc or plug.
The unconsolidated manganiferous carbon is placed around and over the block,
above this there is a layer of carbon of coarser grain and on this again in a suitable
recess lies the perforated diaphragm.
In this arrangement the block of manganiferous carbon besides itself acting as a
filtering medium serves as a regulator to control the speed of the passage of the water
amongst the unconsolidated filtering material and this latter in turn serves to arrest
any finely divided solid matter the water may contain and which if it were allowed
to reach the consolidated block would gradually stop its pores.

page_text: I HENRY LEWIS DOULTON of the Albert Embankment Lambeth in the County
of Surrey Potter do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in filters.
The filtering material which I employ is charcoal prepared in such a way as to
supplement and improve its well known purifying action. The charcoal for this
purpose is heated in covered crucibles with from five to fifteen per cent or more of
powdered commercial black oxide of manganese together with a very small quantity
of some fixed oil, resin or fat.
During the heating air is to he excluded from contact with the charcoal and the
temperature is to be raised sufficiently high to cause the reduction of the manganese
dioxide at least to manganous-manganic oxide, which afterwards acts as a carrier
of oxygen and thereby much prolongs the purifying action of the medium.
Another method of obtaining charcoal in combination with manganous-manganic
oxide is to saturate charcoal with manganous chloride (or even manganese residues)
and afterwards subject it to a strong heat in closed crucibles.
The manganiferous charcoal so prepared is employed partly in the form of a
moulded block and partly in an unconsolidated and finely divided state.
The filter apparatus consists of an outer vessel or case preferably of earthenware,
in form it may be a cylinder closed at the lower end with the exception of a tap
hole so arranged that the vessel may be completely emptied by it.
An inner or lining vessel drops within the case at its upper end.
A perforated diaphragm divides the inner vessel into two parts; above the
diaphragm is the capacity for the water to be filtered and beneath it is a chamber
which I call the basket in which the filtering medium is contained.
At the bottom of the basket is an opening into which is inserted a disc or plug
of stone ware ground true on the face. A similar face is attached to the manga-
niferous carbon block and these two ground surfaces unite and form a water tight
joint. The carbon block is usually cylindrical in form with a cavity projecting into
it from the under side. The water finds its way through the block to this cavity
and then descends into the lower part of the filter case where the filtered water
is stored by a perforation in the stoneware disc or plug.
The unconsolidated manganiferous carbon is placed around and over the block,
above this there is a layer of carbon of coarser grain and on this again in a
suitable recess lies the perforated diaphragm.
In this arrangement the block of manganiferous carbon besides itself acting as a
filtering medium serves as a regulator to control the speed of the passage of the
water amongst the unconsolidated filtering material and this latter in turn serves
to arrest any finely divided solid matter the water may contain and which if it
were allowed to reach the consolidated block would gradually stop its pores.
In order that my said invention may be most fully understood and readily carried
into effect I will proceed to describe the drawings hereunto annexed.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a vertical section of a water filter for domestic use constructed in
accordance with my invention.
A is the outer vessel, it has a tap hole at A¹ and a passage at A³ allows air to
escape as water enters. B is the inner vessel or lining. C is the perforated
diaphragm. D is a perforated stoneware screw or plug which in conjunction with
the disc or plug E closes the bottom of the basket or lower compartment of the
vessel B. F is a block of manganiferous carbon to its base a stoneware disc G is
attached. The discs E and G are both fastened to the piece D and their surfaces
which come together are ground and fit together forming a water tight joint but
yet they can be readily separated when it is desired to put in a new block F. of
manganiferous carbon. His manganiferous carbon in a granulated state packed
around the block F. I'is also granulated manganiferous carbon in a coarser form.
K is the cover.
.
The system may be applied to any form of water supply.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
(1.) A filter in which manganiferous carbon is employed partly in a granulated
state and partly in the form of a block through the body of which the water filters
substantially as described.
(2.) The combination of the disc E of stoneware ground on the face closing the
bottom of the vessel B; the carbon block F, and the stoneware disc ( also ground
on the face and fitting water tight against the disc E substantially as described.
Deted this 8th day of December 1885