Improvements in Shaping-machines.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Feb., 1899 -Accepted, 17th June, 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Shaping-machines.
We, JAMES CHARLES POTTER, of No. 228, Broadway, and JOHN JOHNSTON, of
No. 207, North Main Street, both in Pawtucket, in the County of Providence,
and State of Rhode Island, United States of America, Machine Tool Manufacturers,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:―
This invention has reference to an improvement in the class of metal-working
machines in which the cutting tool is made to reciprocate over the work to cut
and shape the same while the work is held in a fixed position.
The object of this invention is to make the operation of the machine, in cutting
and shaping the work to the desired form, more automatic and secure greater
accuracy and uniformity in the work.
The invention consists in the peculiar and novel construction and the arrange-
ment of the parts whereby the work is adjusted and the operation of the cutter
controlled, as will be more fully set forth hereinafter.
Referring to the accompanying drawings:-
Figure is a front view of our improved machine.
Figure 2 is a side view of the same.
Figure 3 is a plan or top view, on an enlarged scale, of the head of the recipro-
cating tool-carriage.
Figure 4 is a vertical sectional view of the head.
Figure is a longitudinal sectional view of the device for clamping the head-
arbor, and
Figure 6 is a transverse section of the same.
Figure 7 is a transverse section of the tool-carriage, on the line A-A of
Figure 2, showing the mechanism for arresting the feed of the cutter.
Figure 8 is a transverse section of the reciprocating tool-carriage, on the
line B-B of Figure 2, showing the mechanism for automatically regulating the
feed of the cutting tool.
Figure 9 is a sectional view of the pawl and ratchet automatically operating
the feed of the spindle.
Figure 10 is a detail view of the pawl and ratchet.
Figure 11 is a perspective view of the cam-pin shown in Figure 8.
Figure 12 is a sectional view of the rotatable work-bed,
Figure 13 is a sectional view of the work-bed adjusting-mechanism.
Similar marks of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.
In the drawings a indicates a strong, preferably hollow, box of rectangular
form having the base a¹; at its upper end, the ways a² and at one of its vertical
sides the ways a³ forming the standard or support of the machine. The car-
riage a is secured to and slides on the vertical ways a³; it is provided with
ways and with the leading screw a; the screw-post a supports the carriage a
from below. The work holder a7 has two faces, at right-angle to each other,

page_text: grooved for the insertion of clamps to secure the work. The work-holder a is
supported on the cylindrical trunnion as on which the work-holder may be turned
and adjusted; the head a serves to clamp and hold the work-holder in the adjusted
position. The head is secured to the base al of the cylindrical trunnion by
the screw-rod all and the base a¹0 is provided with ways sliding in the way's
of the carriage at and with the nut a2 which engages with the leading screw a
The head is held against rotation preferably by a pin a¹³, as is shown in
Figure 12, and the work-holder may be secured by a rod a screw-threaded at
one end and extending through the work-holder into a hole in the base 10, as
is indicated in broken lines in Figure 12. A portion or the whole of the cir-
cumference of the head a may be graduated and a zero mark placed on the end
of the work-holder near the index, as shown in Figure 1, so that the work-holder
may be accurately adjusted to any desired position and the beds of the same
inclined to any desired angle..
The vertical adjustment of the carriage a and, with it, of the work-holder
and the work, we prefer to do by power and, to this end, the nut a¹5, engaging
with the screw-post a and resting on an annular-rim formed in or resting on the
basoa, is provided with a bevel-gear the pinion of which engages with the
beveled-pinion 16 secured to the end of the shaft a. The bevel-gears a¹s and a¹ɔ
are loose on the shaft a" and are in engagement with the bevel-gear secured
to one end of the shaft and to the other end, of which the pulley a² is secured.
The double clutch a is connected by a spline to the shaft a so as to rotate with
the same and may be connected with either the bevel-gears 18 or 19. The
hand-lever a3 is connected with the double clutch a by means of a rock-shaft
and an arm so that by moving the hand-lever between the two stops, shown in
Figure 2, the clutch may be connected with one or the other of the bevel-gears as
and a, and power being applied to the pulley a2 by means of a belt, indicated
in broken lines in Figure 2, the nut als may be turned to raise the carriage a* or
lower the same.
Power is applied to the machine through the cone-pulley driven by means of
a belt. On the shaft of this cone-pulley is a pinion-gear which engages with a
large gear 6 on which is a crank-pin secured to an eccentric disk carried by the
larger gear 61, so that the crank-pin can be adjusted with reference to the axis
of rotation of the larger gear. The crank-pin engages with a slot in an arm
pivotally secured at its lower end to the standard and connected at its upper
end with the reciprocating tool-carriage c, as is indicated in broken lines in
Figure 2. On the end of the shaft forming the axial support of the larger gear b
is secured the slide 2 in which is adjustably secured one end of the connecting-
rod which is secured, adjustably, near the other end to the pawl-lever
pawl of which engages with the gear secured to the leading screw and operates
the leading screw to feed the work laterally at each stroke of the tool in the
usual manner. The reciprocating mechanism is secured adjustably to the
reciprocating tool-carriage by means of the clamping-lever in the manner
usual with this class of machines.
the.
The end of the reciprocating tool-carriage c, to which the tool-holder is secured,
is provided with the annular-flange 2 surrounding a socket in which the boss
of the tool-frame is pivotally supported and on which the tool-frame may be
turned to any desired angle. The peripheral surface of the tool-frame c is pro-
vided with the graduations and the corresponding surface of the annular-flange c²
with a zero mark. The tool-frame supports the screw-spindle the upper end
of which is provided with the hand-crank by which the screw-spindle is turned.
The lower end of the screw-spindle c has the bevel-gear secured to it and this
bevel-gear engages with the bevel-gear c' on the spindle c10 part of which is
screw-threaded to form the worm cl engaging with the worm-wheel c¹² to the outer
end of the shaft of which the lever is secured. The stop is adjustably
secured in an annular-groove formed in the outer face of the journal bearing on
the shaft of the worm-wheel c¹, as shown in Figure 7; when the lever c¹³ reaches

page_text: the stop cits movement is arrested. On the inner end of the spindle c¹0 the
ratchet-wheel c¹5 is secured. The pawl-arm c¹ is loose on the spindle co; it has
a segmental gear which engages with the screw-thread on the transversely-
extending spindle all of this mechanism is shown on an enlarged scale in
Figure 8.
The spindle e extends transversely to the reciprocating tool-carriage and is
supported in a sliding bearing; it is provided with the screw 18 and the long
pinion c. The coiled-spring 20 surrounds the spindle 7; it bears at one end
on the bearing of the spindle and at the other end on the end of the screw c18.
The gear portion of the pawl-arm c6 engages with the screw-portion of the spindle.
On the opposite end of the pawl-arm cl the spring-pressed pawl is provided
with a projection extending through a slot and this projection, when it encounters
the cam at the end of the pin, draws the spring-pressed pawl backward
and disengages the same from the ratchet-wheel cl so that the spindle c¹0 is free
to turn. The gear engages with the pinion on the spindle c. The gear
is secured to a shaft, supported in a bearing, which has at its outer end the arm
secured to it. This arm is provided with the stop-pin which engages with
the graduated holes in the index 2, shown in Figure 2. The end of the spindle cl
co-operates with the cam-plate 27 beveled at the opposite ends and adjustably
secured to the ways a².
When in operation the spindle 7 is pushed inward when the end encounters
the inclined cam of the cam-plate compressing the coiled-spring 20 and moving
the pawl-arm 16 upward, thereby releasing the pawl and causing it to engage
with the ratchet-wheel c15. As soon as the end of the spindle c in the return
movement, leaves the cam-plate 27, the coiled spring 20 forces the spindle outward
and the screw c18, acting as a rack on the geared-portion of the pawl-arm c16, turns
the same; and as the pawl 1 is now engaged with the ratchet-wheel secured
to the spindle 10, the spindle 10 is turned and through the same the screw-
spindle which, being engaged by screw-thread engagement with the tool-
slide 28, feeds the tool forward for the next cut. To adjust the feed of the tool,
the spindle c7 is adjusted, with reference to the cam-plate 27, by moving the arm 2
and placing the stop-pin into the desired hole in the index 2 and thereby turn-
ing through the gear the spindle 7 and the screw-thread 18 on the geared
portion of the pawl-arm 16.
The sleeve forms the journal bearing for the spindle clo; it is supported in
the head of the reciprocating tool-carriage c with a sliding fit; the forward end
extends through the recessed trunnion of the tool-frame and is provided with
a shoulder; the trunnion of the tool-frame e is turned on the sleeve when it is
adjusted. To secure the face of the tool-frame c to the face of the annular-
flange, the forked-cam is forced against the inclines, formed on the
sleeve, to draw the sleeve and the trunnion of the tool-frame inward by the
screw-threaded follower 2.
On the tool-slide the tool-plate d is pivotally secured by the stud at the
lower end; the base d² of the tool-post is pivotally secured, at its upper end,
to the tool-plated; the upper part of the tool-plate d has a segmental slot and is
secured adjustably to the tool-slide.
The crank e is secured to a shaft connected by bevel-gears to the screw-spindle el
which connects with the clamp by which the reciprocating tool-carriage is connected
with the operative mechanism in the usual manner, as is indicated in Figure 2.
By the construction of the machine as herein shown and described, the tool,
when adjusted to the desired depth of cut, is automatically fed at each reciprocation
of the tool-carriage and when the desired depth is reached the feed of the tool is
automatically arrested; and, as the pawl in the automatic, tool-controlling
mechanism is drawn away from the ratchet-wheel after each feed of the tool, the
tool may be adjusted by hand in the usual manner through the hand-crank c
operating the screw-spindle co. All the parts adapted for adjustment are provided
with graduated indexes so that they may be adjusted to any previously-ascertained

page_text: position and duplicates of work may be produced successively, or duplicates may
be produced by the adjustment of the parts used in the production of similar work
at a previous time.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is
Claim 1. In a shaping-machine, the combination with the standard, the vertical
ways on the standard, and the carriage provided with the leading screw, of a
cylindrical trunnion supported at one end on the carriage and connected with the
leading screw, and a work holder or bed supported on the cylindrical trunnion,
whereby the work holder or bed may be turned on the trunnion to adjust the same,
as described.
2. In a machine of the nature described, a work-support consisting of a cylin-
drical trunnion secured at one end to a part of the machine and a work holder or
bed supported on the trunnion; whereby the work-holder may be turned on the
trunnion and adjusted to the desired angle, as described.
3. In a machine of the nature herein described, a work-support consisting of
a cylindrical trunnion secured at one end to a part of the machine, and a work-
holder having two work-holding beds at right-angle to each other rotatably sup-
ported on the trunnion, whereby the surfaces of the work-holder may be adjusted
to the desired angle, as described.
4. In a shaping-machine, a work-support consisting of a cylindrical trunnion
supported at one end on a part of the machine, a work-holder or bed surrounding
the cylindrical trunnion and rotatably supported by the same, a clamping-device,
and a graduated index; whereby the work-support may be adjusted to the required
angle and secured to the trunnion, as described.
5. In a shaping-machine, the combination with the standard, the extended base
of the standard, and the vertical ways on the standard of a carriage sliding on
the vertical ways and provided with horizontal ways, a trunnion supported at one
end on the carriage, a work-holder supported on the trunnion, a screw-post extend-
ing from the carriage through the base of the standard, a nut provided with a
beveled gear in screw-thread engagement with the screw-post and supported on the
base, and mechanism, substantially as described, whereby the nut is operated to
raise or lower the work-holder, as described.
6. In a shaping-machine, the combination with the reciprocating tool-carriage,
the tool-slide, and the screw-spindle by which the cut of the tool is adjusted, of
a spindle provided with a worm, bevel-gears connecting the spindle with the screw-
spindle, a worm-gear engaging with the worm on the spindle, an arm on the
shaft of the worm-gear, and an adjustable stop, whereby the cut of the tool is
limited to a predetermined point, as described.
7. In a shaping-machine, the combination with the reciprocating tool-carriage,
an annular-flange on the tool-carriage, the tool-frame, and a projecting boss ou
the tool-frame, of a sleeve having a projecting, annular shoulder on the boss of
the tool-frame, an index on the marginal surface of the tool-frame, a zero mark
on the marginal surface of the annular-surface of the annular-flange on the end of
the reciprocating tool-carriage, and a locking wedge bearing on the inclined sur-
faces on the sleeve; whereby the tool-frame may be adjusted to the desired augle
and secured by the locking wedge, as described.
8. In a shaping-machine, the combination with the reciprocating tool-carriage c,
the annular-flange c², the tool-frame c', and the recessed boss e³ on the tool-frame c¹,
of the sleeve 29, the inclines on the sleeve, the forked cam c30, and the screw-
threaded follower c, whereby the tool-frame may be turned and adjusted to the
desired angle and held in the adjusted position by drawing the annular-face of the
tool-frame against the face of the annular-flange on the end of the reciprocating
tool-carriage, as described.
9. In a shaping-machine, the combination with the reciprocating tool-carriage,

page_text: the tool-frame, the tool-slide, and the screw-spindle in the tool-frame, said screw-
spindle being in screw-thread engagement with the tool-slide, of a spring-pressed
spindle extending transversely to the reciprocating tool-carriage, a cam-plate
adjustably secured to the ways at one side of the reciprocating tool-carriage, and
mechanism, substantially as described, for transmitting the movement of the trans-
versely, spring-pressed spindle to the screw-spindle in the tool-frame, whereby the
reciprocation of the tool-carriage causes the cam to slide the transversely, spring-
pressed spindle in its supports and operate the screw-spindle in the tool-frame to
advance the tool automatically for each successive cut, as described.
10. In a shaping-machine, the combination with the reciprocating tool-carriage
and a cam-plate secured to a fixed part of the machine on one side of the tool-
carriage, of a spring-pressed spindle, the screw-spindle in the tool-frame, and
mechanism intermediate the spring-pressed spindle and the screw-spindle, whereby
the screw-spindle is automatically operated at each reciprocation of the tool-
carriage, as described.
11. In a shaping-machine, the combination with the reciprocating tool-carriage,
a cam-plate secured to a fixed part of the machine, a spindle co-operating with
the cam-plate, the screw-spindle controlling the feeding of the tool, and mechanism
intermediate the spindle co-operating with the cam-plate and the screw-spindle, of
a pinion, and a screw-thread on the spindle co-operating with the cam-plate a gear
engaging with the pinion on the spindle, an arm on the shaft of the gear, and
an adjustable stop, whereby the relation of the spindle to the cam may be
adjusted and the depth of each cut of the tool regulated, as described.
12. In a shaping-machine, the combination with the reciprocating tool-carriage c,
the cam-plate, and the screw-spindle c controlling the feed of the tool, of a
spring-pressed spindle c¹, the screw-thread 18 on the spindle, the spindle c¹º, gears
connecting the spindle co with the screw-spindle c, the pawl-arm c6 having a gear
section engaging with the screw c¹8, and the ratchet-wheel cl secured to the
spindle co, whereby, at each reciprocation of the tool-carriage, the screw-spindle is
automatically operated to feed the tool, as described.
13. In a shaping-machine, the combination with the reciprocating tool-carriage c,
the cam-plate, and the spindle c17, of the pinion c¹9 on the spindle, the gear
engaging with the spindle the shaft of the gear 23, the arm 2 on the shaft, the
stop-pin on the arm, and the index 26, whereby the spindle c17 is securely held
in the adjusted position to automatically feed the tool to the desired depth of cut,
as described.
14. In an automatic, tool-feeding device of a shaping-machine, the combination
with the reciprocating tool-carriage, the cam-plate adjustably secured to a fixed
part on one side of the carriage, and the spring-pressed, partially screw-threaded
spindle c, of a pawl-arm c¹ provided with a gear engaging with the screw-thread
of the spindle, the spring-pressed pawl 1 in the pawl arm, the pin c2 provided
with the cam at its end, and the ratchet-wheel c15 secured to the spindle clo, whereby
the pawl is withdrawn from the ratchet-wheel and the tool may be adjusted by
hand, as described.
15. In a shaping-machine, the combination of the following instrumentalities:-
a vertically, horizontally, and rotatably adjustable work-support, a reciprocating
tool-carriage, a tool-frame having a screw-spindle for adjusting the tool pivotally
supported on the reciprocating tool-carriage, a clamping sleeve for securing the
tool-frame to the reciprocating tool-carriage, and mechanism for operating tho
reciprocating tool-carriage, whereby the work and the tool may be adjusted to the
desired angle and shaped, as described.
16. In a shaping-machine, the combination of the following instrumentalities:-
a work-support having capacity for vertical, horizontal and rotatable adjustment,
a reciprocating tool-carriage, a tool-frame having a graduated index rotatably sup-
ported at the end of the reciprocating tool-carriage, a clamping-device for securing
the tool-frame in the adjusted position, a screw-spindle for adjusting the tool, a
cam-plate, mechanism controlled by the cam-plate for automatically operating the

page_text: screw-spindle, an automatic stop for limiting the feed of the tool, an
index and arm controlling the feed of the tool at each reciproca-
tion of the tool-carriage, and mechanism, substantially as described, for actuating
the operative elements of the machine; whereby the machine is automatically
controlled to produce duplicates of the work for which it is adjusted, as described.
Dated this 6th day of December AD 1808
JAMES CHARLES POTTER.
JOHN JOHNSTON.
Haseltine, Lake & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicants.