Improvements in and in connection with Domestic Fire-grates.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Oct., 1895-Accepted, 2nd Nov., 1895
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and in connection with Domestic Fire-grates.
I, JOHN FORD of Fair View, Cambria Rond, Swindon in the County of
Wiltshire, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in fire grates or stoves and applies more
particularly to that type known as "The Register," and has for its objects :-
First-To so construct and arrange such grates or stoves, during the casting or
other means of producing the same, that the major portion of the hitherto wasted
heat absorbed by the metal at the back and sides of the grate, may be turned to
good and useful account by heating an inward current of fresh pure air, which,
when so heated may, by convection, be conducted into the upper or other apart-
ment as that in which the grate is situated. Second-To provide a roethod and
means whereby the said inlet of air may, when required be utilized for assisting
combustion of the fuel. Third-To provide a means whereby the said inward
current of fresh air (in summer time when the said grate is not lighted) may in
combination with any of the many well known air expellers be utilized for the
purposes of ventilating the apartment in which the said grate is located.
In order that my invention and the manner, substantially, in which I prefer to
carry the same into effect may be fully and clearly understood, I have hereunto
appended two sheets of drawings, of which :-
Fig. 1 Sheet 1 is a front elevation of a grate of this type, constructed according
to my invention.
Fig. 2 is a vertical section of same upon the line A B of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a plan view of the hearth plate forming part of said grate.
Fig. 4 is a plan or top view of the grate proper as it would appear before being
set, as in Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 Sheet 2 is a section upon the lines C D of Figs. 1 and 2.
Figs. 6 and 7 are perspective views illustrating, substantially, the manner in
which I prefer to employ the principle of my invention in connection with register
stoves as at present made and used.
Fig. 8 is a diagram or part view of one side of the front of such a stove as Fig. 6,
while Fig. 9 is an accessory to be employed in connection therewith, as hereinafter
explained.
Fig. 10 is a perspective view of a ventilating or draft regulating device herein-
after explained.
I carry my invention into effect by casting or otherwise, a grate or stove, having
a face plate A, and fuel pace B, after the manner of such grates or stores generally,
but according to my invention I prefer to so construct the back casing C, that the
register D is horizontal or thereabouts when closed down, and directly over the
fuel space B, and above the top of the front opening of the grate, my objects for
this being that the flame from the fire may take a vertical or approximately vertical
path, in order that the heat generated may radiate more into the apartment, and
the products of combustion be led more directly into the flue, than obtains when the
Baid register is at the back of the casing C as hitherto, but I do not confine myself
to this position for the register, as I may find it more convenient, to accommodate
certain settings and other conditions, that the register be at the back in the usual
W&V.

page_text: Surrounding the casing C, and at a suitable distance therefrom, I provide a
metallic mantle such as E, and I may find it convenient to cast or otherwise
produce the said mantle integrally with the face plate A, or the casing C, or a
portion of E may be integral with A or C, while the other portion may be bolted,
screwed or otherwise connected to the first portion, and to A or C, or both, the
object being to provide an enclosed chamber surrounding C, without enclosing or in
any way hampering the free use of the register D, wherever this may be located,
and prefer that the upper portion of the mantle E shall terminate as near as
possible to the upper limits of the face plate A, consistent with the setting of the
grate.
The grate and its mantle would be screwed bolted, cemented, or otherwise fixed
upon a metallic, slate, stone, or other hearthplate F, (Fig. 3) in which an aperture G
is formed, the size shape or configuration of this being such, that when is fixed
in position with the grate the said aperture would coincide with and form the only
inlet into the chamber formed by C and E. and in the setting of the stove, the said
hearth plate would be bedded upon suitable brickwork or masonry in such a manner,
that the said aperture G would be open to the atmosphere, to effect which, a pipe
or pipes or other suitable conduit or conduits may be led from either or both ends
or other part or parts of G underground or otherwise, to any convenient spot
outside the building, as suggested by a and b in Figs. 1, 2 and 3.
From the foregoing description it will be understood, that the fresh air let into
the chamber formed by C and E, would, when the fire is lighted in B, become
heated and superheated by reason of its contact with the hot casing C, and to utilize
the said hot air for assisting to raise the temperature of the room in which the
grate is located (or may be some other apartment or apartments above or adjacent
thereto) is one of the objects of my invention, and to attain this, I provide an
adjustable air inlet such as H, (Figs. 1 and 2) preferably, in the upper portion of
the face plate A, through which, when opened or partly opened, the hot dry air
would pass into the apartment without draught. Or in lieu of, or in addition to,
the air inlet H, I may provide one or more adjustable air inlets such as H', in the
plate A, (shewn by dotted outline in Fig. 1) or by means of suitable conduits from
the hot air chamber, in any convenient. part of the chimney breast. In order that
the said apartment may not become unduly or unpleasantly overheated, a suitable
air expeller or expellers would be provided in any convenient part of the room,
near the ceiling, opening or leading into the atmosphere, or where this may not be
convenient or practicable, such expeller or expellers may be arranged in the
uppermost part of the chimney breast, in which latter case, the adjustable inlet or
inlets H or H would be, preferably, in the plate A as shewn.
I may also find it convenient or desirable when a stove or grate constructed
according to my invention is located in one of the lower rooms of a dwelling, that
a portion of the said hot air may be utilized for heating a room or rooms above or
adjacent thereto, to effect which, suitable conduits or pipes such as c-d (Figs. 1
and 4) may lead from the said hot air chamber to the aperture G of the hearth-
plate F of a like constructed stove or grate in the said upper or adjacent room or
rooms, and to effect this, each of said conduits c and d, or either if only one be
provided, would be fitted with a suitable adjustable valve or other device for opening
and closing the passage of same, such for instance as that shewn by e f, in Fig. 10
or its equivalent, this or these being so arranged as to be operated by and from,
preferably the face plate A, as shewn in Fig. 1, the said hot air being diverted by
first closing or partly closing H or H¹, and opening ef, in either c or d or both in
the lower room. By the same rule, the same current of hot air having served its
purpose in the said upper or adjacent or second room or rooms or other apartments,
may be conveyed by similar conduits cd, to another room or rooms above or
adjacent thereto, with or without being superheated by the second or any subsequent
stove or grate.
At either or both sides of the said grate or stove below the fire place B, I provide
.. an adjustable air iolet 9, (Fig. 8) which may conveniently be such as ef, in Fig. 10

page_text: or its equivalent, and shewn in position also by Figs. 1 and 2, such inlet or inlets
being in communication with the aperture G in the hearthplate F, and either or
both of these may be conveniently and serviceably employed as a force draft for
the fire place B, or in summer time, when the grate is not in use, and the slow com-
bustion plate J (Figs. 1 and 9) is removed, as a means (in combination with the
before mentioned expeller or expellers) for supplying ventilation to the apartment.
in which the said grate is fixed.
In Figs. 6 and 7, Sheet 2, I illustrate the manner in which the principle of my
invention may be employed in connection with such register stoves as at present
made and used, and I carry this into effect by constructing a metallic portable.
mantle E', which may vary in shape and configuration to suit stoves or grates of.
varying formation, but substantially as at Fig. 7, this being provided with a flange-
or lugs such as K, by which it may be bolted or screwed to the back of the face
plate A of the stove (Fig. 6), and with a like flange or lugs L by which the same
may be bolted, screwed or cemented to and upon the hearth plate F. G, to which
the said stove would be connected (as shewn by dotted outline in Fig. 6) and a like
flange M by which the said mantle may be bolted or screwed to the upper portion C
of the grate, surrounding the register D. By this means I provide a hot air
chamber between C and E, substantially the same as in the previous method.
said mantle may be provided with holes N (shewn in dotted outline in Fig. 7) for
the reception of conduits such as c d (Figs. 1 and 4) while the casing C would have
a grating or gratings g, and be arranged to receive and have fitted thereto, the
adjustable valve or air inlet Fig. 10, or its equivalent, open to G in F, in connection.
with fresh air passages a b, suitable adjustable air inlets such as H or H' being
provided in A as shewn in Fig. 6.
The
In Fig. 8 I illustrate how such a grate may be provided with a portable plate
such as J, capable of fitting into and enclosing the space below the fire place B,
such plate being so constructed, that when in position, an ordinary grate may
become one of slow combustion, the before mentioned grating 9, serving to
produce a forced draft when needed, or as a means of ventilation (when J is
removed) in combination with suitable air expellers, as described in the previous
method.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven--
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1st. In the manufacture of stoves or grates for domestic purposes, the herein
described manner of forming integrally therewith, during the casting or otherwise
production of same, of a mantle or outer casing, forming in combination with the.
inner or usual casing, a chamber in communication with a fresh air inlet, and the
manner of heating the air in such chamber, by the utilization of otherwise waste
heat, and the manner of employing such hot air, in combination with suitable adjust-
able inlets, expellers and conduits, for heating, ventilating and other purposes,.
substantially as herein set forth and shewn by the accompanying drawings.
2nd. In combination with an ordinary domestic fire grate or stove, the application
and fixation thereto of a mantle or outer casing, forming, in combination with the
usual casing of the grate, a chamber in communication with a fresh air inlet, the-
manner of heating the air in such chamber by the utilization of otherwise.
waste heat and the manner of employing such hot air, in combination with
suitable adjustable inlets, expellers, and conduits for heating, ventilating and
other purposes, substantially as herein described and shewn by the accompanying-
drawings.
3rd. In an improved stove or grate for domestic purposes, the combination of a
face plate A, fire place B and casing C, the latter surrounded by a mantle E, cast
or otherwise formed wholly or partly integral with C or A or both, and provided
with a register D, preferably, immediately over the fire place B, the portions A, C, E
being mounted upon a hearthplace such as F, having an aperture such as G, in.

page_text: communication with a fresh air inlet or inlets such as a band the manner of
heating the said fresh air admitted; between C and E by the utilization of otherwise
waste heat, and the manner of employing such hot air in combination with adjust-
able inlets such as H or H', and suitable expellers, for heating and ventilating the
apartment in which the said grate is located, or by the means of conduits such
as c d provided with suitable valves such as ef. or its equivalent, for heating other
apartments adjacent thereto, substantially as herein described and shewn by the
appended drawings.
4th. In combination, the application and fixation to an ordinary grate or stove
such as A', having a fire place such as B', and casing such as C¹, of a mantle such
as E, the combined parts A', C₁ and E' being mounted upon a hearth plate
such as F, having an aperture G, in communication with a fresh air inlet or
inlets such as a. b and the manner of heating the said fresh air admitted between C¹
and E¹ by the utilization of otherwise waste heat, and the manner of employing
such hot air, in combination with adjustable inlets such as H or H', and suitable
expellers for heating and ventilating purposes, with or without the employment of
conduits such as c d, substantially as herein described and shewn by the appended
drawings.
5th. In combination with a grate or stove as set forth in Claim 3, or a converted
grate as set forth in Claim 4, the application thereto of a grating or gratings
such as g, each governed by an adjustable valve or its equivalent such as ef,
(Fig. 10) in communication with a fresh air inlet or inlets such as a b, and the
employments of same as a forced draft for the fire place B, or in combination
with suitable air expellers, for ventilating purposes, substantially as herein
described and shewn.
Dated this 1st day of October 1895.
GEO. THOS. HYDE,
1 Broad Street Buildings, Liverpool Street, London, E.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.