IMPROVEMENTS IN THE UTILIZATION OF WOOLLEN WASTE OR SHEARINGS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE PURPOSE
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Marius Dayral, of 22, Hanover Square, in the
County of Middlesex, Woollen Warehouseman, for the Invention
of
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE UTILIZATION OF WOOLLEN WASTE OR SHEARINGS,
AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE PURPOSE."-A communication from abroad
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Marius Dayral at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th August 1875.
I, MARIUS DAYRAL, of 22, Hanover Square, in the County of Mid-
Idlesex, Woollen Warehouseman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE UTILIZATION OF WOOLLEN WASTE
OR SHEARINGS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to utilize in the manufacture of cloths
and other woollen fabrics the waste, shearings, or powder which arise
O from the shearing of cloth.

page_text: After the shearings or waste have been classified according to the
kind and color required, and after the proportion of this material which
has to be employed has been determined, which proportion is always
from 25 to 50 per cent., it is distributed in a regular and uniform
manner by means of apparatus, such as that herein-after described,
upon the fleece or lap arising from the second wool carding (emborrado).
Every part of such 'fleece or lap therefore receives the given proportion
of shearings or waste. The process is performed while the carding is
going on; and between the second carding and the cylinder of the
wool coloring machine (imprimadora). The shearings or waste being
thus as it were contained within the fibres of the second carding, fill up
the interstices of the fibres, thus forming on the wool coloring machine
a thick sliver or riband suitable for being spun into yarn or thread far
superior to what is produced without this process. It is particularly
advantageous for milling or fulling, because being easily felted it gives
additional strength, and it finally produces a cloth or fabric. possessing
special fineness and softness.
The apparatus employed for carrying out this process consists of a
long box or hopper, in which the shearings or waste are placed. This
box is open at the bottom where there is a revolving cylinder clothed
with cards or teasels. This card cylinder as it revolves takes up given
quantities of the shearings, the quantities being regulated by an
adjustable blade, and the said shearings as the card cylinder continues
its revolution are removed therefrom by a revolving brush and fall
in a regular and uniform stream upon the fleece or lap as it travels
below. The fleeco or lap is supported by an apron or cloth.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said. Marius Dayral in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 19th February 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MARIUS 3
DAYRAL, of 22, Hanover Square, in the County of Middlesex, Woollen
Warehouseman, send greeting.

page_text: year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in
the thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Marius Dayral, Her
special licence that I, the said Marius Dayral, my executors, admi-
3nistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Marius Dayral,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
" IMPROVEMENTS IN THE UTILIZATION OF WOOLLEN WASTE OR SHEARINGS, AND IN
APPARATUS FOR THE PURPOSE," (a communication from abroad by James
Aparicio Lopez, of Alcoy, in Spain,) upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Marius Dayral, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Marius Dayral, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, that is to say :-
The object of this Invention is to utilize in the manufacture of cloths
and other woollen fabrics the waste, shearings, or powder which arise
from the shearing of cloth.
After the shearings or waste have been classified according to the
kind and color required, and after the proportion of this material which
has to be employed has been determined, which proportion is from 25'
to 50 per cent., it is distributed in a regular and uniform manner by
means of apparatus, such as that herein-after described, upon the fleece
or lap arising from the second wool carding (embarrado). Every part
of such fleece or lap therefore receives the given proportion of shearings
or waste. The process is performed while the carding is going on, and
between the second carding and the cylinder of the wool coloring,

page_text: _machine (imprimadora). The shearings or waste being thus-as-it-were-
contained within the fibres of the second carding fill up the interstices
of the fibres, thus forming on the wool coloring machine a thick
sliver or riband, suitable for being spun into yarn or thread far superior
to what is produced without this process. It is particularly advan-
tageous for milling or fulling, because being easily felted it gives
additional strength, and it finally produces a cloth or fabric possessing
special fineness and softness.
The apparatus employed for carrying out this process consists of a
long box or hopper, in which the shearings or waste are placed. This
box is open at the bottom where there is a revolving cylinder clothed
with cards or teasels. This card cylinder as it revolves takes up given
quantities of the shearings, the quantities being regulated by an
adjustable blade, and the said shearings as the card cylinder continues
its revolution are removed therefrom by a revolving brush, and fall in a
regular and uniform stream upon the fleece or lap as it travels below.
The fleece or lap is supported by an apron or cloth.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is an elevation partly in
section of an apparatus constructed according to this Invention, the
box or hopper being removed, and Figure 2 is a transverse section.
A, A, are the standards or frame of the machine; B, b, represent a
table, upon which the apron or cloth a rests. This apron supports the
fleece or lap c.. E, E, are brackets carrying bearings for the shafts of
the card cylinder F and brush H; D is the box or hopper containing
the shearings or waste O, at the bottom of which box the cylinder F is
situated; T is a blade adjustable by means of the screw X to regulate
the quantity of shearings taken up and delivered by the cylinder F; Z
is the driving pulley; and L, M, P, Q, are pulleys; and R, S, toothed
gearing for transmitting the motion to the shafts of the card cylinder
and brush; d, d, are guards to prevent the shearings falling over the
sides of the table.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I
claim,―
First. The utilization of woollen waste or shearings in the manu-
facture of cloths or woollen fabrics, substantially as herein-before

page_text: Second. The apparatus constructed, substantially as and for the
purpose herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Marius Dayral have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of February, One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
MARIUS DAYRAL. (L.S.)