matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING VEGETABLE FIBRE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wyatt Reid at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th.
November 1868.
I, JOHN WYATT REID, of 40, Great Western Terrace, Paddington, in
the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING VEGETABLE FIBRE,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in bleaching vegetable fibre with a reduced
consumption of the solution of chloride of lime usually employed, or
other similar bleaching agent, and in such a manner as to require less.
time and to produce better results. For this purpose I apply the.
solution of chloride of lime to the vegetable fibre in an air-tight vessel
and raise the temperature to a moderate heat, viz. from 120. to 180
degrees Fah. The heat which I find by practice is most effective is.
from 150 to 160 degrees Fah. During the application of the heat I
prefer to agitate the material in such a way as to expose the material
alternately to the action of the bleaching liquor and the gas evolved

page_text: therefrom. By this means the whole effect of. the bleaching properties
of the chloride of lime is obtained, and the fibre is more completely,
rapidly, and uniformly bleached. In some cases I apply atmospheric
pressure to the interior of the air-tight vessel.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN WOOLLEN CONDENSING MACHINERY
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Pickard at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
February 1868.
WILLIAM PICKARD, of Farsley, near Leeds, in the County of
York, Overlooker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN WOOLLEN CONDENSING MACHINERY," to be as
follows:-
It is well understood in the class of machinery referred to in my
title that the slubbins delivered from the extreme sides of the condensers
are not of the same thickness as the remainder, nor are they equally
well mixed.
To obviate these defects is the object of my Invention, and for this
purpose I secure near one end of what is termed the "licker-in" shaft,
or that which takes the "feed" from the feed rollers, a boss having
upon it a disc, not however at right angles with it or with the shaft.
A jaw or claw is fixed to the side frame of the machine in such a

page_text: position that the periphery of the disc passes into it, and consequently
when in motion a reciprocating horizontal motion is imparted in addition
to the ordinary rotary one to the "licker-in" shaft. The results of
this motion are that the end slubbins are better mixed and of nearly
similar or equal thickness with the remainder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING TIN, TERNE, AND OTHER COATED PLATES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Madge at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
November 1868.
I, EDWARD MADGE, of Swansea, in the County of Glamorgan,.
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING TIN,
TERNE, AND OTHER COATED PLATES," to be as follows:-
The chief object of this Invention is to impart to black plates
(whether composed of iron or steel) an even coating, of tin or other
metal, or a mixture of easily fusible metals, in an economical manner
and without the waste of material and labour attendant on the coated
plate taking up oil or grease on its surface.
In finishing plates according to this Invention I pass the plates.
through a bath of molten metal covered with any suitable flux to
prevent oxidation and assist in the union of the coating metal with the
iron or steel plate; or I take a plate already coated in any of the ordinary.
ways and pass it through the machine to finish it. Each plate I guide
into, through, and out of the bath by means of driven rollers and guide

page_text: bars. The delivering rollers or the last pair (if more than one pair is
used) I so arrange with respect to the level at which the metal is to be
maintained as to ensure that the bite of these rollers shall be below the
surface of the metal, and these rollers may be formed with annular
grooves to allow of the metal flowing freely to the plate. This position
of the delivery rollers is important in an economical view, as the plate is
thereby prevented from taking up the flux on its surface, and thus the
flux instead of being wasted will be economised, and the coated plate
will not need the customary cleaning. The rollers while delivering the
plate from the bath will also keep the plate clear of oxidized metal.
But inasmuch as plates drawn out of the coating metal in this manner
have a tendency more or less to granulate the coating metal on the
face of the plate, if it be desired to have a plate free from this defect I
arrange to keep a supply of oil or other flux over the coating metal
between the rollers which will materially reduce this tendency. To
ensure an even coating to the plate I so speed the delivery of the plate
that the rate at which it rises from the bath shall correspond with the
drain flow of the molten metal down the coated surfaces of the plate.
By this means I am enabled at one operation, and without the use of
squeezing rollers or other mechanical contrivance, to gauge or determine
the amount of coating metal that the plate shall receive.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Payton at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th.
July 1868..
I, WALTER PAYTON, of 70, Sewardstone Road, Victoria Park, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
The object of the Invention is to facilitate the use of breech-loading.
fire-arms.
In carrying out my improvements the barrel or barrels of the fire-arm
are formed to turn on an axis parallel or nearly so with the axis of such
barrel or barrels, and this axis which is by preference affixed to the stock
is formed with a screw thread acting in a corresponding thread formed
in the part carried by the barrel or barrels, so that in turning the barrel
or barrels from the abutment portion carried by the stock the barrel or.
barrels will travel outwards from such part of the stock to. facilitate.
clearance of the parts; also to facilitate the removal of spent cartridges..
The pin forming the axis of motion for the barrel or barrels, or the screw.
thereon, or the part receiving such screw, may be adjustable.. Spent
cartridges may be removed by their projecting edges or flanges resting.

page_text: in a groove formed on the stock part of the gun so as to be drawn out
in the turning of the barrel or barrels on their axis of motion; a spring
stop prevents the barrel or barrels from turning too far round or being
drawn off the axis until its release, and a stop. or locking bolt from the
stock with friction spring holds the parts correctly in position for firing;
this locking bolt also serves when back to prevent the striking pin or
pins acting on the cartridges, and projections therefrom also act to
withdraw the striking pins and prevent their acting on the cartridges
until the parts are again in position for firing. The locking bolt may
turn on an axis with a spring. The spent cartridges or cases may be
extracted by a sliding piece having a projection which slides in a groove
formed for it across the axis on which the barrel or barrels make
their partial rotation. This sliding piece or extractor may also act as a
stop to the motion of the barrel or barrels, and by sliding in a longi-
tudinal part of the groove in the axis permit of the separation of the
parts; a spring acts on this sliding piece to retain it in the groove. The
axis of motion of the barrel or barrels may be formed hollow to receive
the end of the cleaning rod. The bow of the guard to the trigger or
triggers, or a separate piece between or by the side thereof, may act by
turning on a centre and passing into notches for it in parts. carried by
the barrel or barrels as a stop in lieu of the above stop to the rotation
of the barrel or barrels; this bow may when the barrel or barrels are
turned on their axis act on the trigger or triggers to hold them in a safe
position.
A NEW STREET LAMP REFLECTOR
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by-Martin Macdermott at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
September 1868.
I, MARTIN MACDERMOTT, of 18, Edwardes Square, Kensington, in the
County of Middlesex, Architect, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "A NEW STREET LAMP REFLECTOR," to be as follows:-
This improvement consists in an improved form of reflector, as hercin-
after described, to be placed within street or other out of door fixed
lamps, and so combined in its several parts that when fixed at a little
distance above the flame it will intercept and reflect back towards the
ground nearly the whole of the light, which being now sent upwards
is almost useless for the purpose of illumination. This improvement
can be effected without in any way altering the lamps at present in
use. The use of this reflector would nearly double the illuminating
power of the gas at present used for lighting the public streets; or
by its use the same amount of light might be obtained as now at less
cost. The reflector may be made of enamelled iron, electro-plated or
polished metal, white ware, or other suitable material.
The following is a description of the new street lamp reflector (see

page_text: Figures 1 & 2):-At A, A, is a disc (a, a, a, a, on plan), beneath which
and crossing each other at right angles, in line if possible with the opposite
angles of the frame of the lamp, are four vertical plates of the form
indicated in the Drawing, constituting light reflecting surfaces. These
surfaces from their relative position to each other, to the disc, and to the
frame will intercept nearly all the rays transmitted above the level of
the flame, and reflect them in the direction of the ground. The effect
may be increased, if necessary, by means of glass prisms fixed centrally
between the plates. Or three or two vertical plates may be used
instead of four (the form of the plates and the disc being as before
described), either in the same plane or fixed at any required angle
with each other. A flue at l, m, immediately over the flame with openings
at n, n, forms a part of the combination. The whole is suspended at
o, p, from the upper part of the lamp frame by means of a small
metal bar inserted in the same, and can be removed at pleasure to be 1
cleaned.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN BOOKBINDING
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lewis Pocock at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
February 1868.
I, LEWIS POCOCK, the younger, of Gordon Square, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN BOOKBINDING," to be as follows:-
This Invention is applicable principally to books of large dimensions
which are required for constant or frequent reference, such as registers,
ledgers, bill books, and other similar books used for official or com-
mercial purposes, but it may also be employed with advantage in
libraries for binding gazetteers, encyclopedias, atlases, and the like.
It is well known that on taking down a book (bound in the ordinary
way) from a rack or shelf it is necessary to turn it completely round
before its contents can be referred to, and then to reverse this operation
before replacing the book, and this with large heavy books (as most
books of the class mentioned are) involves a very considerable expen-
diture of time and labor, and is very fatiguing to the person employed;
and it is to remedy this great inconvenience and to save the expenditure
of this unnecessary time and labor that this Invention is designed.

page_text: The Invention consists in so binding the books that the title or other
lettering on the back thereof shall be inverted or upside down with
regard to the writing or printing in the interior of the book, the books
are then placed in the rack or on the shelf in a reversed position, so
that the title or lettering on the back thereof is non-inverted, and the
consequence is that when the books are taken down from the rack
or shelf on to a table or desk they may be opened at once and the
contents referred to, and the books replaced without turning over.
This improved method of binding will effect an immense economy of
time and labor in public or mercantile offices or libraries where large
heavy books are used for constant reference.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR FETTLING OR CLEANING THE CARDS OF SCRIBBLING OR CARDING ENGINES, OR OTHER MACHINES HAVING CYLINDERS OR ROLLERS CLOTHED WITH CARDS USED IN THE PREPARATION OF WOOL, COTTON, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Tolson at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
February 1868.
I, JAMES TOLSON, of Dalton, near Huddersfield, in the County of
York, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR FETTLING OR CLEANING THE
CARDS OF SCRIBBLING OR CARDING ENGINES, OR OTHER MACHINES HAVING
CYLINDERS OR ROLLERS CLOTHED WITH CARDS USED IN THE PREPARATION OF
WOOL, COTTON, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
Heretofore the fettling or cleaning the cards of such machinery has
been effected by hand combs which is not only a tedious process but
the cards are liable to be and frequently are damaged thereby.
Now my improvements consist in the employment or use of self-
cleaning revolving combs or a series of combs (of suitable length
according to the length of the card cylinders or rollers to be cleaned)
mounted upon bearings placed eccentrically within a rotary cylinder so
as to work or move in and out through slits in the rim thereof as the
cylinder rotates, so that at one part or position of the cylinder in its
rotation the comb teeth will protrude through the slits and at the

page_text: opposite part the said teeth will be withdrawn within the surface of tho
cylinder. These self-cleaning revolving combs or comb cylinder I
mount in or upon suitable framework, and apply or fix it temporarily to
the framing of the carding engine with its surface in contact with the
surface of the card cylinder or roller required to be cleaned, and I give
rotary motion to both of them, to the cards in a contrary direction to
that of their ordinary rotation when working, and to the combs in a
contrary direction to the cards, and I arrange that the combs protrude
through the cylinder at its point of contact with the cards, and at such
an angle as will best remove the dirt or fibre out from the said cards in
passing therethrough.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRYING FILAMENTOUS MATTERS, TISSUES, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 25th July 1868.-A communication. from. abroad. by Louis
Beck, of Elbeuf, France.
I, CLINTON EDGCUMBE BROOMAN, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman;
and Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR DRYING FILAMENTOUS MATTERS, TISSUES, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES,'
to be as follows:-
وو
This Invention relates to apparatus in which the drying is effected by
means of air for drying filamentous matters, such as wool, cotton, flax,
thread, tissues, and other substances.
I proceed to describe the apparatus:-Within a chamber an apron
or diaphragm of metallic cloth is fitted, on which the wool or other
filamentous material to be dried is placed. This apron or diaphragm is
supported by walls of masonry or other material, which prevent the
entrance of the air through anything else than through meshes or
openings in the said apron. or diaphragm. Under the whole length of

page_text: the apron or diaphragm is a compartment confined by the before-
mentioned walls, at one end of which a large pipe to act as an escape
pipe is fitted, which pipe may be carried up through the roof of the
building or otherwise, and into which all the air drawn through the
apron is made to pass. A double-action air force pump is placed
within another chamber in close proximity to the chamber before
mentioned, wherein is also placed a reservoir in which the compressed
air from the pump is collected. From this reservoir the compressed
air passes through a pipe into the interior of the large pipe at the
bend thereof, and issuing up the larger pipe sucks or draws the air from
the compartment under the apron away to the outer atmosphere.
The action is as follows:-The wool or other material is laid upon
the metallic apron or diaphragm and the air pump put in motion by
any convenient means. All the air drawn by this pump is pumped
into the reservoir, from whence it is forced at a high pressure through
the pipe leading into the uptake of the escape pipe. The air thus
forced into the escape pipe causes a strong flow to pass through the
material under operation from the first-mentioned chamber. This air,
which can find no other passage than through the meshes or openings
of the apron or diaphragm, dries by the force of its current the wool
or other material placed thereon, and is strongly drawn itself into the
escape pipe. The rapid drying of the wool or other material is effected
by the strong current of air.
AN IMPROVED PORTABLE CARTRIDGE POUCH OR Box
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Spring Garden at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th December 1868.
I, ROBERT SPRING GARDEN, of No. 29, Piccadilly, in the City of
Westminster, Army Contractor, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED PORTABLE CARTRIDGE POUCH OR Box," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the so constructing or making a portable
cartridge pouch or box that the cartridges may be carried in a more
convenient way, and may be placed more ready to hand than hitherto,
and the cartridges when so carried and placed will not be liable to injury
as formerly when put loose in the pouch or other receptacle.
The Invention consists in adapting and fitting loosely in the interior
of a cartridge pouch or box two rows of cells or receptacles for the
cartridges (capable of being readily moved in and out of the pouch or
box), made of metal or other suitable material, one row being over the
other, and is so attached to the other at each end by a connecting piece
or pieces of metal or other suitable material that when the cartridges

page_text: in the top row have been used the lower row of cells or receptacles filled
with cartridges can readily be moved up into its place, the action of
moving one row into the place of the other being something similar to
the action of a parallel ruler; and in order to provide or allow for any
inequalities in the sizes of the cartridges, or for different sizes or makes,
suitable slots or grooves may be formed in the metal or other connecting
pieces, so that one row may be easily moved over the other without
impinging on the cartridges. The exterior of the pouch or box will be
made in its general form and material as hitherto, but where required
instead of being made flat it may be made curved to fit more closely to
the body of the wearer, the rows of cells or receptacles being also curved
to correspond with the curved exterior.
AN IMPROVED CHURN
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Milton Alexander Hamilton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 2nd January 1868.
I, MILTON ALEXANDER HAMILTON, of Detroit, Michigan, United
States of America, now of No. 8, Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CHURN," to be as follows :-
My Invention relates to churns in which the butter is produced by
the action of a reciprocating piston or plunger upon the milk or cream
which is contained within a cylindrical or other suitably shaped vessel.
The said Invention consists in constructing the piston or plunger
with a series of discs or rings which form chambers, whereby the air
is collected and forced into and through the milk or cream during the
process of churning. The cylindrical or other vessel is formed of wood
or metal, and of any suitable length and diameter. The discs or rings
of the plunger may be constructed of any suitable material, but I
prefer to form them by turning annular spaces in a conical block of
wood, the said block being first made of the required diameter and
length. Each of the discs is made concave on its under side, and the
largest disc forms the bottom of the plunger. Holes or perforations

page_text: are formed through these discs to allow the air and milk or cream to
pass freely through the air chambers or annular spaces, and to facilitate
the movements of the plunger. I prefer to leave the upper disc without
these holes or perforations. A rod or handle is attached to the said
plunger and is extended upward through the cover of the churn,
and by means of this handle the plunger is moved up and down in
the same. As the plunger is moved above the surface of the liquid
in the churn a quantity of air is collected in the chambers formed by
the discs, and as the said plunger moves downward the air contained
in these chambers is forced into and through the milk.and cream. This
introduction of the air together with the agitation produced by the
concussion of the plunger upon the liquid facilitates the breaking up
of the globules in which the particles of butter are contained and
greatly accelerates the gathering of the butter. If the discs are formed
of sheet metal I prefer to separate them by rings or washers which
are made of suitable thickness to give the required size to the annular
space between the discs. When rings instead of discs are employed
the same are provided with an exterior flange, within which the air
is collected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FRICTION MATCHES AND FUSEES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jarvis Palmer and James
Brecknock Palmer at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 6th May 1868.-A communication from
abroad by Rudolph Herrmann, of Lahnstein, Nassau, Germany.
We, JARVIS PALMER and JAMES BRECKNOCK PALMER, both of Palace
Works, Old Ford Road, Bow, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FRICTION MATCHES
AND FUSEES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the manufacturing friction matches
and fusees with an igniting composition which has no smell, and which
contains no phosphorus, or only contains phosphorus in its amorphous
state. For this purpose an igniting composition is employed which is
composed of hyposulphite of lead in combination with other materials
containing oxygen in a loosely combined state, or so that they will
readily yield it to other substances having an affinity therefor. The
composition we prefer to employ is hyposulphite of lead combined
with chlorate of potash and pyrolusite or native peroxide of manganese,
oxide of iron and chrome yellow being also added, and the whole mixed
with glue. Amorphus phosphorus may also be added to the igniting

page_text: composition. The glue is first dissolved in pure water, the chlorate of
potash in a finely divided state is then incorporated with the dissolved
glue, and afterwards the other ingredients are mixed in therewith by
rubbing or grinding. The composition is then ready for the ends of the
several lengths of wood, wax wick, or other substance of which the 5
match or fusee is to be formed to be dipped into it.
AN IMPROVED POCKET TOBACCO CUTTING MACHINE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Allmark and Wray
Blakey at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 14th December 1868.
We, JOSEPH ALLMARK, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster,
Pattern Maker, and WHAY BLAKEY, of Liverpool, also in the County of
Lancaster, Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED POCKET TOBACCO CUTTING MACHINE," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention relates to that class of tobacco cutting machines in
which a receptacle or box is provided to contain the tobacco, and which
is suitable to be carried in the pocket; and our improvement consists
in enabling the operator to cut various lengths or thicknesses of tobacco
at will. To accomplish which there is attached to a false bottom a half
nut working on a screw, such half nut being acted upon by a spring or
other flexible material to keep the same in gear while working; by
compressing the said spring or other flexible material the half nut is
thrown out of gear from the screw, the false bottom can then be moved
to any part of the box for the purpose of cutting off any length or

page_text: thickness of tobacco, or instantly removed to the true bottom of the box
to receive a fresh supply, thus avoiding the slow process of the screw.
Another advantage of the machine is that the thread of the said half nut
is not liable to strip through wear as the action of the spring or flexible
material keeps the nut as good as new as long as the material lasts.
Connected with the machine is a probe or ripper with tobacco stopper
attached, which serves also to lock the blade or knife, and prevent it
getting deranged in the pocket.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES TECHNICALLY KNOWN AS 'SCRIBBLERS' OR 'BREAKERS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Priest and Allen Priest
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 16th November 1868.
We, EDWARD PRIEST and ALLEN PRIEST, of Victoria Mills, Hudders-
field, in the County of York, Angola Yarn Spinners, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES
TECHNICALLY KNOWN AS 'SCRIBBLERS' OR 'BREAKERS,'" to be as follows: -
This Invention relates to machinery employed for breaking up or
operating upon mixtures of fibrous substances, such as woollen and
cotton waste yarns and rags of fabrics composed of such substances, or
other fibres or fibrous substances, so as to prepare the same to be respun
into yarn. Heretofore in using this machine for operating upon those
substances damage is not only done to the card clothing by hard bits of
fabric, or portions of hard twisted or knotted cotton or other yarns,
fibrous or other substances, but also the yarns spun from such prepared
fibrous substances are deteriorated or rendered imperfect by reason of
such bits of rags, yarns, knots, or other hard substances being carried
forward with the properly carded fibre through the machine, and thence
embodied or twisted in with the yarn afterwards spun therefrom, thus

page_text: forming lumps or inequalities in the said yarn. To prevent this we
apply a card roller mounted so as to rotate under and in near contact
with the first doffer cylinder at a slow speed, or such different surface
speed to the doffer as will enable it to strip or take off the afore-named
bits of objectionable substances therefrom, and thereby prevent them
passing forward through the machine along with the properly carded
fibre, an ordinary stripper being applied to work in connection with
this roller to knock off or remove the said bits therefrom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RACKET BATS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Arthur Ward and
Henry Whale at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 22nd July 1868.
We, THOMAS ARTHUR WARD and HENRY WHALE, both of No. 4,
Newington Causeway, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RACKET BATS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists in the hoop of the racket bat being made of
cane instead of ash, as now used, with a piece of hard wood glued down
the centre of the handle to give it solidity; the bat will be strung with
gut in the usual way.
The novelty of the Invention is the use of cane for the hoop of the
racket bat instead of other material. The use of the Invention is that
cane is much tougher and will not break so quick or easily as ash or
other material now in use, consequently last much longer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Turner at the Office of
the Commissioners of. Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th May
1868.
I, RICHARD TURNER, of Dublin, Ireland, Civil Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS," to be as follows:-
The object of the present Invention is to prevent the rain from
dripping, from the points of the ribs of umbrellas, and thus saturating
the back and lower limbs, as is the case with those in present use..
With this view I make the umbrella either circular in form, similar
to the Indian sunshades, or any other shape according to taste or.
desire, the circular form, however, has the preference. The material
of which they are composed, that is to say, either of some waterproof
or other substance, being stamped or pressed out between two dies, or
cut the required dimensions, the edge being slightly turned. up so as
to form a groove all round in which to collect the rain, the said groove.
being provided with an outlet or orifice by which the water escapes...
This principle may be adapted to the existing umbrellas. In this case
I make use of a. band of elastic waterproof material of about. one inch,,

page_text: more or less, in width, this I fix cither by sewing or by the employment
of an elastic solution or cement. In both cases when the umbrella is
distended the groove opens simultaneously with it, and when closed it
folds with the umbrella, and lays. perfectly flat. By this system of con-
struction the lower limbs and dress. are kept dry and free from the
drippings, which are such a source of annoyance and inconvenience in
the existing mode of manufacture. The person using the umbrella
would naturally turn the side bearing the outlet away from or what
may be termed to leeward of him, the opening being purposely so
arranged.
The principal feature and advantage in constructing the umbrellas
circular in shape is, that the groove or run is simultaneously distended
with the umbrella without any appliances for opening and shutting
the same; which make such umbrellas cumbersome and costly. The
run or groove is adapted to the extreme edge of the umbrella, and does.
not therefore interfere with or destroy its harmony of form.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURE. OF CARRIAGES, COACHES, AND OTHER VEHICLES OF A SIMILAR DESCRIPTION
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Carr at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th June
1868.
I, WILLIAM CARR, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Coach Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURE. OF
CARRIAGES, COACHES, AND OTHER VEHICLES OF A SIMILAR DESCRIPTION," to be
as follows:-
The Invention relates, first, to hinges employed for the doors of
carriages, coaches, landaus, barouches, and other vehicles, and is
designed for the purpose of enabling the door to be opened to the full
width of the doorway and to hang vertically when open, and when
closed the hinge so arranged within a box that water cannot enter the
woodwork of the carriage frame.
The improvements consist in the combination of a horizontal
peculiarly curved plate with a box or cover, at one end of which plate
is the hinge pin, and so arranged that the pin and curved plate are
enclosed within the box which is attached to and contained in the
doorway frame, the other end of this curved plate which is attached

page_text: to the door being in the form of an upright plate slightly inclined
from the vertical in order to allow for the angle of the door and to
keep it in a vertical position when open.
A second part of the Invention relates to such carriages as landaus
wherein it is necessary to lower the window before opening the door, and
the improvements consist in the use of a double bolt at the upper
and the other at the lower end of the door, which are only withdrawn
from holes in the carriage frame by the pressure of the window or
wooden shutter acting on a spring foot and combination of levers
when in its proper position in the "pocket" of the door; and further
in the application and use of a combination of levers which are so
connected to the door handle and a hinge piece or ledge on which
the window bears when raised, that when the handle is turned to open
the door the window is pushed off the ledge by the lifting of the hinge
plate, and the window falls into the pocket, and the bolts being thereby
simultaneously withdrawn the door may be opened.
AN IMPROVED LIQUID METRE TAP
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Hutchinson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th January 1868.
I, CHARLES HUTCHINSON, of Tufnel Park Road, Holloway, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED LIQUID METRE TAP," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce a tap by which small
quantities of wine, spirits, or other liquids may be measured as they are
thereby drawn from the containing vessel, and thus to dispense with the
necessity for first drawing the liquid into separate measures, and to save
the waste and inconvenience consequent therefrom. For this purpose
I form the body of the tap with a horizontal plugway, with a top,
bottom, and side openings therein, and fit the same with a three-way
plug, underneath the plugway, where I make the bottom opening; I
place the bib and above the top opening a small funnel-shaped cone;
in this cone I fix a glass cylinder, which is made with a dome-shaped
top, with. a small perforation therein for the ingress and egress of air.
The glass cylinder is graduated by marks to indicate the quantities to be
measured thereby. By turning the plug till the 3rd or lateral opening

page_text: is upwards the liquid from the container will flow into a glass cylinder,
in which the quantity can be measured by the graduated scale marked
thereon; by then turning the plug until the lateral or side opening
is downwards the measured liquid in the cylinder or tap metre will
flow out into the receiving vessel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF VULCANIZED OR UNVULCANIZED INDIA-RUBBER IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PUMPS, ENEMAS, SYRINGES, SPRAY PRODUCERS, AND SUCH LIKE INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Firth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
January 1868.
I, WILLIAM FIRTH, residing at Rose Villa, Viewforth, Edinburgh,
in the County of Mid Lothian, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF VULCANIZED OR
UNVULCANIZED INDIA-RUBBER IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PUMPS, ENEMAS, SYRINGES,
SPRAY PRODUCERS, AND SUCH LIKE INSTRUMENTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates,-
Firstly. To the use of one or more actuating hollow balls or shells
made of india-rubber, either with or without one or more reservoir balls
or shells made of the same material, said balls being used to form the
said instruments without any cementation or other extraneous fastenings
to the other parts of said instruments.
Secondly. To the employment of suitably cut and grooved valves made
of india-rubber, said valves applicable for use in such instruments or
otherwise independently applied.

page_text: Thirdly. To the employment of a tube or tubes, within or without
which said valves may be placed, and over which tubes said balls are to
be placed.
Fourthly. Said valves or modifications thereof may be used without
the use of such tubes, and valves hitherto in use may be used with such
tubes.
Fifthly. To the employment of the elasticity of india-rubber as a
self-fitting agent to retain the balls and valves made thereof for such
instruments in the positions in which they may be placed, and to form
with the other parts of said instruments fluid and gas tight joints without
cementation or other extraneous fastening.
As an example of the mode of carrying out my Invention I proceed as
follows: I take, say, a tube of any convenient size, in which I cut holes
at suitable distances from each other, over which tube I pass or in
which tube I place one or more india-rubber valves so cut and placed as
to act in relation to these holes; this done, I pass over this tube and over
these valves, if externally placed on the tube, one or more india-rubber
balls having holes cut at opposite ends of any diameter of such balls, said
holes being a little less in diameter than said tube or than the diameter
of the corresponding grooves of the valves or other pieces that may be
placed in such holes to form fluid or gas tight joints with such balls, one
or more of which balls is intended to be used as a bellows or actuating
ball. Over another part of said tube or on a separate tube the reservoir
balls or ball is placed, observing that for each ball a similarly arranged
set of holes in the tube on which it is placed and also similarly arranged
valves or valve are provided. The instrument is now ready to be con-
nected with any appliance for directing or conducting the fluids or gases
put in motion by such instruments.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN GLASS FURNACES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wilson Macvay at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
September 1868.
I, WILLIAM WILSON MACVAY, of Castleford, in the County of York,
Glass Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN GLASS FURNACES," to be as follows:-
The object of the present Invention is to increase the durability of
glass furnaces, and at the same time to effect an economy in the melting
process by diminishing the per-centage of waste of "metal" due to
the operation of skimming.
At present two kinds of furnaces are used, one consisting of a kind
of oven (with a fire-place running through the centre) in which pots
charged with the materials to be fused or melted arc placed. The other
kind is provided with a bed to receive the materials or batch to be
fused and the flame from adjacent fire-places is allowed to play over
the batch. These furnaces have commonly been made of fire-bricks
or compositions of material more or less calculated to resist the dos-
tructive action of the fire. It has been, however, found essential -to
keep up the heat of the furnaces, even when not in action, to prevent

page_text: the contraction and consequent splitting of the fire-bricks and pots.
Moreover, furnaces made of these materials are constantly liable to give
off fragments, which falling into the fused metal require to be skimmed
off, thus causing a constant waste of metal. To avoid this inconvenience
and to prevent the necessity of using pots to contain the metal, I form
the glass furnace after the manner of an ordinary puddling furnace with
a fire-place at one end, and a flue leading to the chimney at the other,
and with working holes (closed by stoppers while the melting is going
on) at the sides.
This furnace I form of a substance known as "fire-stone" which may be
obtained, among other places, from the Londonderry quarries, Pensher.
This material I have found by experiment will not only resist the heat
of the fire for a longer period than any of the fire-bricks at present used,
but will not require the heat to be maintained after the working is
completed and will effectually remove the risk of injury to the metal
.from the droppings above referred to. The bed of this furnace I charge
with the materials to be fused and pass the flame and gases of com-
bustion over the same as in the manufacture of iron. The skimming
..which the metal will require will from the enduring property of the
fire-stone be materially diminished, and a larger yield from a given
amount of materials than was heretofore obtainable will be thereby
<secured.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SLIDE VALVES OF STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Bonell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
July 1868.
I, THOMAS BONELL, of Newcastle, in the County of Stafford, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS
IN SLIDE VALVES OF STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The object of the Invention is to releive the backs of the slide valves
of steam engines of the pressure of steam thereon, and thereby to reduce
the friction of their rubbing surfaces. And the improvements are
particularly applicable to locomotive and other high-pressure engines.
For this purpose each valve is formed with a solid back and has an
outside frame sliding on it and against the central plate, so as to prevent
steam passing to the back of the valve. These outside frames are formed
with V or wedge-like edges acted upon by other suitably formed edges,
which are borne upon by springs from the valve.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TELESCOPES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Solomons. at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,. on
the 29th February 1868.
I, BENJAMIN SOLOMONS, of Albemarle Street, Piccadilly, in the
County of Middlesex, Optician, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TELESCOPES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an improved mode of adjusting the eye
pieces of telescopes, and also to the application of an achromatic eye
lens to ordinary telescopes.
In order to fit the eye piece to the telescope I provide the tube
into which the eye piece fits with two right-angled or bayonet slots
into which take two projections on the eye piece, which eye piece is
thus adjusted to the telescope by two motions only, a forward and a
rotary motion, so that it may be adjusted or removed with facility. The
tube in which the eye piece fits is provided with two graduated scales
to suit the powers of the ordinary and of the achromatic lenses, the
latter being arranged in a second eye piece also provided with projections
for taking into the bayonet slots of the tube. The achromatic eye

page_text: piece is composed of two lenses, a plano-concave and a double convex
placed together in the tube. By the application of the achromatic lens
a highly increased power is obtainable in telescopes of small size, and
with an ordinary and an achromatic lens six distinct powers are obtained
in the same telescope.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING THE SOLID AND WATERY PARTICLES OF SLOP AND SEWAGE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William John Bennett and John
Jobson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 15th February 1868..
We, WILLIAM JOHN BENNETT; of Little Smith Street, in the City of
Westminster, Manager, and JOHN JOBSON, of Vauxhall Bridge Road,
in the County of Middlesex, Builder, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING THE SOLID
AND WATERY PARTICLES OF SLOP AND SEWAGE," to be as follows:-
The chief object of this Invention is to facilitate the running off of
the water contained in the road scrapings technically termed "slop,"
but it applies likewise to the filtration of sewage with the view. of.
separating the solid particles therefrom. The form of the apparatus
will depend greatly upon the ground available for its. reception, but
where circumstances are favourable we prefer the following arrange-
ment:-At a suitable level with respect to the adjacent road level we
construct two or more rectangular tanks of any required dimensions to
receive the slop direct from the scavengers' carts. These tanks we
build side by side or end to end but provide a space between to allow
free access for workmen all round the tanks. These tanks we build of

page_text: bricks so laid that the walls will present a reticulated appearance from
top to bottom or nearly so. These tanks we surround with a solid wall,
and there is thus formed around and between the tanks passages of
a depth equal, say, to that of the reticulated walls and of a width
sufficient to make it accessible at all parts to workmen. These passages
are intended to form channels for, or receivers of, the filtering water,
and we cover them with York paving or otherwise, and sink their
floor below the level of the tanks to facilitate the deposit of sediment
therein. In order to strengthen the walls of the tanks we throw at
intervals brick arches from the solid to the reticulated walls. Inside
the tanks. we apply a filtering substance composed, by preference, of
hurdles enclosing a layer of straw and forming therewith a porous
lining to the sides and ends of the tanks. The channels or water
receivers we connect with a surrounding or adjacent water main by
means of branch pipes leading from the channels and passing through
the walls of solid brickwork, and the water main we connect with a
water tank from which a pipe will lead off the water to the main sewer
or other receptacle.
It will now be understood that as the slop is discharged into the
tanks its solid particles will deposit and the water will filter through
the sides of the tanks and find its way by the channel and branch and
main pipes to the sewer. This operation will continue at whatever level
the deposit may be in the tank, and where there are two or more tanks
one can be filled while the other is being cleared of its deposit. The
roadway for the carts should be so arranged that they can be "backed
up to the tanks to discharge their contents, and to facilitate the removal
of deposits from the main pipe a flushing box may be provided.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BLAST FURNACES AND IN OBTAINING A HOT BLAST FOR THE SAME
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Watson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
March 1868.
I, JOHN WATSON, of Seaham Chemical Works, near Sunderland,
in the County of Durham, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BLAST FURNACES
AND IN OBTAINING A HOT BLAST FOR THE SAME," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in contracting the blast furnace at
one or more elevations, whereby a support is afforded to the super-
incumbent mass, which prevents an undue pressure on the materials
in the lower part thereof, and thus avoids a dense mass through which
the air has to be forced; secondly, I propose to raise the temperature.
of air which is forced into blast furnaces by heat arising from gases.
or other fuel which has been used for raising steam or other purposes.
As practised at present the said air is supplied from tubes which are-
heated by ignited gas or other fuel playing upon their surfaces, and
it is also the practice to economize the fuel used in blast furnaces by
using the heat arising therefrom for the production of steam.

page_text: According to my Invention I use heat derived from the furnace
for the purpose of obtaining a hot blast, but instead of using the gases
direct I conduct them in the first instance to the steam boiler as now
in use, but in place of allowing the remaining heat to pass off by the
chimney I apply it to the purpose of heating air for the blast. Or,
instead of using the said gases in the first instance for raising steam,
I employ them for any other ordinary intermediate purpose.. Or, instead
of the above described arrangement I employ for the aforesaid purpose
the waste heat arising from steam boilers which are fired separately
from the blast furnace..