matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE APPARATUS KNOWN AS HEILMANN'S COMBING MACHINE
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sam Mason and John Waugh
Dawson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 25th July 1871.
We, SAM MASON, junior, Engineer, and JOHN WAUGH DAWSON, Cotton
Spinner, both of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE
APPARATUS KNOWN AS HEILMANN'S COMBING MACHINE," to be as follows:-
The said Invention relates to the machine known as Heilmann's
combing machine, employed more particularly in the combing of cotton.
In the said machine one top comb or one set of top combs has only been
hitherto employed, the cotton being drawn through the said top comb
in manner as is well understood.
According to the present Invention two or more top combs or sets of
top combs are employed, the additional comb or combs being attached
to the faller, or the part which carries the comb at present in use,

page_text: by means of solder or by suitable or ordinary means. The combing
machine so fitted operates upon the fibrous material in a superior
manner, and produces the required result more expeditiously than the
ordinary machine.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR RECORDING INATTENTION TO RAILWAY SIGNALS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Oswald Ronchetti at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 10th January 1871.
I, JOSEPH OSWALD RONCHETTI, of Earlstown, Newton-le-Willows, in
the County of Lancaster, Fitter, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR RECORDING INATTENTION TO RAILWAY
SIGNALS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the construction of an apparatus to be
connected to and actuated by the lever of any ordinary signalling
apparatus, or to be worked separate and distinct from any signalling
apparatus, for the purpose of recording inattention on the part of the
driver to the signal which has been given to him, and consists in the use
and application of a shaft upon which is affixed an eccentric connected
by straps to a wedge which is designed to raise up a die in a suitable
framework fixed at the side of the line of rails, so that such die shall come
in contact with the flange of the wheel of the engine and mark an impres-
sion on such flange if the engine is allowed to pass when such die is thus
raised up or when the signal indicated that the driver should not have
proceeded. The eccentric shaft is actuated by a chain wheel connected
1

page_text: by a chain to the lever of the signalling apparatus so as to act with it, or
a separate lever may be used for the purpose. The face of the die may
have letters formed upon it, and thus an impression of such letters may
be reproduced upon the flange of the wheel to indicate and record where
the impression was made in the following manner :-The upper face of
the die is of steel, and has raised letters or other characters formed upon
it, which being hardened and tempered and standing up sufficiently high
(when the dic is raised up) come in contact with the flange of the wheel
of the engine, and thus by the weight of the engine passing over such
die an impression or reproduction of the letters or other characters on
the face of the die is made upon the flange of the wheel, and thereby an
indication or record of inattention is produced against the driver.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS AND IN MACHINERY FOR THE SAME
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Gaunt and Joseph
Goodworth Hudson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 5th December 1871.
We, EDWIN GAUNT and JOSEPH GOODWORTH HUDSON, both of Leeds,
in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS AND IN MACHINERY FOR THE
SAME," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to the manufacture of hat bodies of gossamer
or other similar material usually employed for silk hats, and consists,
first, in the use of a revolving hat block whereon the side, crown, or
sides of the hat body are "built up; " secondly, in the means or method
of heating the stiffened fabric for the purpose of softening the same; and
thirdly, in the manufacture of the material out of which the top and
brim of the hat body are made by the aid of pressure between a pair of
heated rollers.
The apparatus for making the "side crown " consists of a block made
up of a number of pieces as usual to admit of its being removed from
the hat body when made. This block is fixed in a chuck or holder

page_text: attached to a spindle mounted in suitable bearings and driven by hand
or other power, or the block may be held by pins between two plates
fixed on a spindle, one of whose bearings would be made movable to
permit the removal of the block; the latter is provided with a clamp,
by which the end of the strip of material is held, the hat body being
"set up" by winding on the strip by the rotation of the block until
sufficient substance is obtained.
The gossamer or other material is passed through a solution of shellac
or other suitable stiffening substance usually employed, and may either
be allowed to cool or dry first, or it may be wound directly on to the
block on which it is allowed to harden, and is afterwards "finished" by
pressure.
If the cooled and stiffened material is employed it may be wound on
a roller whence it is passed over a heated surface to the block. We
construct the heating apparatus of a metal casing having a curved top,
or it may be a metal cylinder heated by gas or steam, against whose
surface the material is conducted, or the material may be wound on the
heated cylinder, and when softened wound off on to the block.
The top and brim of the hat are made out of a material composed of
several thicknesses consolidated by pressure between a pair of metal
rollers heated by steam or gas introduced through a hollow axis. When
the desired substance is attained the brim and top are cut out of the
proper shape and united to the sides by the pressure of a heated metal
plunger in a suitable matrix or pressing dish as usual.
A NEW OR IMPROVED EXPANDING PICKET PIN ZOR SECURING HORSES, AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lester Stevenson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
October 1871.
I, JOHN LESTER STEVENSON, of 99, Buckingham Palace Road, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW OR IMPROVED EXPANDING PICKET PIN ZOR SECURING HORSES, AND
OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:
-
The Invention consists in a picket pin or apparatus so constructed that
when pushed or driven into the ground certain parts expand and are or
may be secured in their expanded position by an arrangement provided for
the purpose.
When the pin is to be withdrawn from the ground the
expanded portions are released, so that they may be free to resume their
original positions as the withdrawal takes place.
According to one mode of carrying out this Invention the picket pin
is constructed of three main parts or blades connected by a pin or axis
which traverses the parts near their upper ends. The central part or
blade is straight and and of such form that it will enter the earth easily,
while the other two parts or blades are curved in opposite directions, so

page_text: that during the act of driving the pin, the pressure of the earth against
the convex sides of the blades causes them to radiate from the central
part or blade and thus obtain a good hold in the ground.
When thus
expanded the curved blades are secured in position by a ring which
slides on the upper part of the blade and which falls or can be
slipped over the ends of the curved blades, projecting above the axis
on which they turn. In place of the ring just mentioned other equivalent
fastenings may be employed, and instead of two expanding blades three
or more such blades may be provided in cases where it is desirable to do
SO. The expanding blades may also be provided with flukes similar to
those of an anchor or of any convenient form for the purpose of giving
them greater holding power.
Picket pins constructed according to this Invention are adapted for
securing horses, fixing tents or wire fencing, or for any other purposes
where a temporary or permanent attachment to the ground is required.
The expanding blades may also be made straight.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Holmes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
February 1871.
I, SAMUEL HOLMES, of No. 12, Brunswick Terrace, Lower Road,
Rotherhithe, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to optical instruments of the binocular form,
and consists in the application of one or more prism or prisms or a
divided lens or lenses acting by refraction by placing it or them near,
over, or in contact with the posterior combination of the object piece of
a microscope, such prisms or lenses to be of such form and in such
positions as to deflect the half of the light coming from the right side
of the object piece into the left eye piece, and the light from the left
half of the object piece into the right eye piece without interference or
visible joint and in the use of such contrivancetus as a binocular micro-
scope, as a binocular eye piece for a telescope, or as a binocular camera,
as the case may be.
AN IMPROVED STAND FOR HOLDING AND DRYING TURCO-SPONGE GLOVES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Andrew at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th May
1871.
I, HENRY ANDREW, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
STAND FOR HOLDING AND DRYING TURCO-SPONGE GLOVES," to be as follows:-
"
'
This Invention is intended principally for holding and drying bath
gloves known as turco-sponge" gloves, but it is equally applicable for
holding and drying other kinds of bath or flesh gloves.
It is well known to persons in the habit of using such gloves that
unless thoroughly dried and aired after use they are apt to become
somewhat slimy to the touch and unpleasant to the smell, and this
Invention is intended to provide a ready means of drying and airing
the same.

page_text: The Invention consists principally of a stand or pedestal provided with
two or more arms or pegs projecting upwards and outwards upon which
the gloves are to be suspended or hung.
In some cases I propose also to add to the stand a circular or other
top within the arms or pegs to support a water bottle and glass, or a
sponge basin, or other accessory to the bath or toilet.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING AND EXTINGUISHING GAS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas James Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th August 1871.-A communication from abroad by Frank
Bean, of Somerville, Massachusetts, in the United States of
America.
I, THOMAS JAMES SMITH, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and
Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING AND EXTINGUISHING GAS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for object the construction and arrangement of
mechanism for lighting and for extinguishing gas in street and other
lamps, whereby any number of them can be acted upon at about the
same instant of time. The apparatus is actuated by pneumatic power
for opening the valves to permit of the gas flowing to the burner or
burners, and also for establishing electrical contact for producing sparks
by which the gas is ignited, the same apparatus serving to break the
electrical contact and to close the valves.

page_text: The apparatus consists of a box in which a diaphragm is fitted to
divide it into two compartments, one being for the gas to flow through
and the other for a current of air from a blower to raise a valve below
the nipple off its seat, The diaphragm is connected to a crank arm of
an electrical contact maker composed of a toothed plate and a ratchet t
wheel by which electrical sparks are produced. A paul is arranged to.
engage into the teeth of the wheel, and this paul can be lowered to
break contact on an armature being removed.
"
In operating upon a series of lamps, valves can be arranged in the
main air pipe to open and close in opposite directions, to ensure each ]
lamp being operated upon in succession; the valve for the pressure
opening after the box before-referred to is filled, the other valve opening
in a similar manner when the box is exhausted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRIDGES AND FIRE DOORS FOR FURNACES OF STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Long at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
July 1871.
I, RICHARD LONG, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN BRIDGES AND FIRE DOORS FOR FURNACES OF STEAM BOILERS," to be as
follows:-
:-
My improvements in bridges for the furnaces of steam boilers consist
in forming what is known as a water bridge in the following manner :—
I insert between the end of the furnace and the smoke chamber two
plates of about fourteen inches apart forming a water space between the
end of the furnace and the combustion chamber. Between the furnace
and the combustion chamber I place short tubes leading from the
furnace to the combustion chamber, and through which tubes the heat
and gases pass from the furnace. In front of the tubes I place a lining
of fire-brick or tiles having holes corresponding with the tubes. Below
the tubular bridge and in the water space below the fire-bar level I
form a mud hole door for the purpose of cleaning the tubes and bridge
of any sediment that may collect. Under the waterbridge and between

page_text: the bottom of the water bridge and the ground line I form a door
entering into the combustion chamber which may be used for the
admission of air and for cleaning purposes. This door may be per-
forated or fitted with any known means for regulating the admission
of air to the combustion chamber.
That part of my Invention which relates to furnace doors, consists
in forming such doors with a slot or aperture at the top of the door
and as high as convenient. At the back of the door I bolt, rivet, or
otherwise attach a hood or bonnet, formed so that it covers the back
and the sides and the top of the door, and is a slight distance from
it, forming an air passage or chamber. The bottom of the hood or
bonnet has a similar slot or aperture to that in the top of the door and
is bevelled out and comes within a short distance of the furnace bars
and nearly on the same level. The hood or bonnet may be cast on the
door instead of attached, or can be made of welded or wrought iron.
The advantages attendant upon this my Invention are insuring better
combustion of the gases and smoke in the furnace, greater heating
surface by the addition of the water tubular bridge as formed, and the
directing of the air admitted to the furnace to the bottom of the fire,
causing a more perfect combustion of the fuel and gases, and the air
in its passage through the hood or bonnet prevents the door from being
burnt.
IMPROVED MEANS FOR FACILITATING THE MEASUREMENT OF FOLDED OR ROLLED FABRICS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Morgan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
March 1871.
I, EDWARD MORGAN, of Washington, in the County of Washington,
and District of Columbia, in the United States of America, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS FOR
FACILITATING THE MEASUREMENT OF FOLDED OR ROLLED FABRICS," to be as
follows:-
'
The object of my Invention is to provide convenient means for
measuring rolled or folded fabrics whereby time and labour may be
saved and certainty of measurement secured.
My said Invention consists in applying along the entire length of the
web a strip of paper or other thin and cheap material duly graduated
The marks
according to the system of measurement in common use.
and numbers of graduation may be on either or both sides of the strip
and should range from the unit of measurement and its divisions to the
number which will denote the entire length of the web. When the
strip is graduated on both sides it is advisable that the two series of
numbers should increase in opposite directions. The graduated strip is

page_text: therefore designed to be of the same length as the web and it is rolled
or folded therewith when the goods are "put up" by the manufacturer.
As the strip lies in contact with the web throughout its length the
salesman can at a glance ascertain the length of a "bolt" or remnant or
the quantity which he desires to cut therefrom. This measuring device t
on account of its accuracy is designed to give satisfaction to the buyer
as well as to the salesman. The strip affords a convenient means of
applying a trade mark.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MAKING OF HAT BODIES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Thomas Aldridge at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 9th October 1871.
I, FREDERICK THOMAS ALDRIDGE, of 70, Blackman Street, Southwark,
Hat Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MAKING OF HAT BODIES," to be as follows:-
The hat body to be made wholly or in part of a fabric. composed
chiefly of horse hair and covered with a fine fabric either of silk, cotton,
limen, or similar texture, adhered together with a solution composed of
shellac, gum arabic, and rosin dissolved in mythylated spirits, and by
means of heat produced from a hot iron passing over the same on
blocks, then coated over with a preparation of shellac dissolved in water
and ammonia, and afterwards varnished over with with shellac dissolved
in mythylated spirits.

page_text: By the above combination the body when coverd with merino, plush,
or velvet will produce a hat which will possess a degree of porosity and
strength with extreem lightness, and give a degree of comfort to the
head not hitherto obtained, and will prove a great public utility anḍ
advantage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MULES FOR SPINNING
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Whitehead Parker and
James Greenwood at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 27th June 1871.
We, THOMAS WHITEHEAD PARKER, of Roach, in the County of
Lancaster, Cotton Spinner, and JAMES GREENWOOD, of the same Place,
Spinning Master, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MULES FOR SPINNING," to be as follows:-
This Invention enables us to cross the yarn on to the body of the cop
as often as may be desired by using two copping plates instead of one
(as before); the extra copping plate is pushed under the copping rail as
often as may be desired by a lever attached to frame or floor. There is a
rod attached to the extra copping plate, which is made to come in contact
with the above lever as often as required by a catch, wheel, and notched
disc plate; we can likewise do it by moving the pully on to the raised
side of the copping rail or by means of two copping rails, one raised
higher than the other, or by moving the rail to one side.
Our Invention is likewise an additional improvement on a Patent
taken out by us on the Twenty-second day of April in the present year.
"In that Invention" we dispense with the quadrant, chains, and other

page_text: matters pertaining thereto. In this Invention we use all the improve-
ments therein contained with these alterations, that instead of using
one driving band we use two, a narrow and a broad one; we likewise
dispense with the chain drum, and in its place use two grooved pullies
for friction band to work on,
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE VENTILATION OF MINES, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREFOR
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Thomas at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
April 1871.
I, THOMAS THOMAS, of Cardiff, in the County of Glamorgan, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE VENTILATION OF MINES, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREFOR," to be as
follows:-
The Invention has for its object the keeping up a continuous current
of air in the faces and workings of mines, and the removal of foul air
and noxious gases, and consists of a belt or layer of pipes placed in the
upcast shaft, or in a chimney or flue in connection with and leading
therefrom, and of a series of jets or blowers in, on, or from the said belt
or layer, through the which pipes or blowers and the jets steam or air
is forced to create or produce a vacuum or up current in the upcast,
and consequently a rush of atmospheric air down the downcast shaft,
and along the workings and towards the upcast shaft.
The manner of performing the Invention is to fix the pipes in the
upcast shaft when no lifting of coal, or skips, or trucks, or such like
takes place, or no winding power is therein employed, a few yards below

page_text: the surface being a convenient position; but when lifting or winding
interfores, then to fix the pipes in fluc or chimney leading therefrom,
the jets to be presented vertically or at an angle.
Steam, ordinary or superlicated, to be supplied from boilers or engine;
compressed air may also be used instead of or concurrently with the i
steam.
The Invention also contemplates, as auxiliary to the foregoing im-
provements, the employment of discharged or exhaust steam from a
steam engine, the same to be supplied either in a similar manner or by
a central or other jet or jets.
The foul air and noxious gases will be carried by the current
established as above described, and be expelled at the upcast shaft or
flue, as the case may be.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN DAMPING ROLLERS FOR MOISTENING PAPER AND FOR APPLYING LIQUID TO OTHER SURFACES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Achille Weyl at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st July
1871.
I, ACHILLE WEYL, of No. 10, Rue St. Gilles, Paris, in the Republic
of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN DAMPING ROLLERS FOR MOISTENING PAPER AND FOR APPLYING
LIQUID TO OTHER SURFACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in damping rollers for
moistening paper and for applying liquid to other surfaces.
For the purpose of copying letters it is necessary that the copying
paper should be moistened on the surface, to effect this I employ a
hollow roller of metal or other material, it is perforated around its
periphery and covered with a linen or other fabric. The roller is filled
with water by means of an aperture at one end which is closed by a
screw or otherwise. The axes of the rollers are carried by a frame, which
is by preference of metal, and of a trough like form so that it covers.
the surface of the roller except on the under side where it is to come in
contact with the paper. This frame protects the surface of the roller
from dust, and it serves as a handle, or it has an handle attached to it, by

page_text: means of which the apparatus is held when in use. The roller will
rarely require to be refilled as whilst it is kept in a horizontal position
the water can only escape from it by evaporation and by the transfer
of moisture to the paper on which it is used. This roller is useful
wherever a surface of paper or other material is required to be evenly t
moistened with water or other liquid.
AN IMPROVED HAND STAMP
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Marion Tower at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd November 1871.-A communication from abroad by James
Munroe Tower, of the City of New York, United States of America.
I, FRANCIS MARION TOWER, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "AN IMPROVED HAND STAMP," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention which relates to that class of hand stamps which are
actuated by direct hand pressure upon a vertical shaft provided with a
reaction spring, consists in so constructing such stamps that any date,
month, and year can be impressed with the permanent stamp, and this
is effected by providing the permanent stamp carrier which is secured to
the lower end of the vertical shaft with three separate discs placed co-
axial with each other and in a vertical plane.
Upon the periphery of one of the discs a series of figures are formed
in relief ranging from 1 to 31, wherefrom any date in any month is
obtained, whilst the other two are in like manner arranged, one having
a number of letters or figures formed upon it in relief, and which are

page_text: so arranged as to constitute the numbers corresponding to a successive
series of years, the remaining disc having the names of the months in
their successive order formed in relief upon its periphery. Sets of letters
or figures corresponding to those which have now been described as
formed in relief upon the peripheries of the three separate discs are
engraved or stamped, or otherwise formed upon one side of each disc.
These last mentioned letters or figures are capable of being seen as they
are caused to pass an opening formed in the side of the stamp carrier,
and whereby the date, and month, and year required are at once
obtained by turning. the respective discs until the required figures or
letters are seen, each of the said discs being provided with a spring catch
which retains it in its set position, and by pressing these said catches
inwards the discs are allowed to turn.
The permanent stamp is secured to the carrier in the usual manner
and is provided with an inking ribbon passed under it, and attached to
rollers at either side, whereby it is tightened or slackened at pleasure.
The whole apparatus is carried upon a stand of the ordinary con-
struction.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF CONSTRUCTING RAILWAY LOCOMOTIVES, OTHER ENGINES, AND RAILWAY CARRIAGES, VANS AND TRUCKS, AS WELL AS TRAMWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Michael Zamoyski and
William Jackson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 8th September 1871.
We, JOHN MICHAEL ZAMOYSKI and WILLIAM JACKSON, both of
17, Great George Street, Westminster, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
MODE OF CONSTRUCTING RAILWAY LOCOMOTIVES, OTHER ENGINES, AND RAILWAY
CARRIAGES, VANS AND TRUCKS, AS WELL AS TRAMWAY CARRIAGES," to be as
follows:-
The wheels are of the same description as used at the present time for
locomotives and railway carriages. The axle extends to about twelve
or more inches on each side of the centre of the wheel, and has an axle
box fitted on cach end of the axle, and also two springs to each wheel
attached to a double under framing of the carriage. The wheels are
kept in place by strong slides fitting into grooves on each side of the
axle boxes. These slides are connected with the under framing by

page_text: strong bolts, and serve to keep the wheels in the proper gauge without
using the connecting axle as at present in use.
As regards locomotives and other engines it is intended to have a
double crank axle disconnected from that of the opposite wheel, the
piston rod acting direct from the crank shafts into the cylinder, thus
allowing each driving wheel to act independently of one another.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EVAPORATING LIQUIDS AND IN THE APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Andrew Robertson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th November 1871.
I, ROBERT ANDREW ROBERTSON, Manager for James Duncan,
Engineer, of Clyde Wharf, Victoria Docks, in the County of Essex,
do hereby declare my nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
EVAPORATING LIQUIDS AND IN THE APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be
as follows:
This Invention relates to an improved method of producing a vacuum
in vacuum pans or vessels for evaporating liquids, and is more especially
applicable to the evaporation of cane juice and other saccharine liquids.
According to my Invention I substitute for the air pumps usually
employed in connection with vacuum evaporating pans or vessels a
system of exhausting by the induction action upon air or vapour of a
jet or jets of steam, the said exhausting apparatus being constructed
on the well-known principle of the ejector. I propose to connect the
steam exhauster or ejector to the vacuum evaporating vessel in such a
manner as that the steam, air, and vapour which is exhausted from the

page_text: evaporating vessel shall after mixing with the exhausting steam jet or
jets of the ejector pass along with such steam through heating coils
or tubes situate in the lower part of the evaporating vessel to which the
exhauster is applied, or shall pass through one or more of a series of
evaporating vessels, so that the otherwise waste heat of the combined
stream of steam, hot air, and vapour shall be utilised in effecting
the process of evaporation.
It is also proposed in some cases to combine a condenser with the
evaporating vessel and steam jet exhauster or ejector in such a manner
that the steam or vapour from the evaporating vessel shall pass into
and be either wholly or partially condensed by the said condenser
before reaching the steam jet, exhauster, or ejector, leaving the air and
any remaining vapour to be acted upon by the ejector.
The heat of the combined stream of steam and air or vapour may
be utilized, as before described, for boiling or evaporating in other
vessels or pans.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BORING OR DRILLING HOLES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Thomson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
December 1871.
I, WILLIAM THOMSON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BORING OR DRILLING HOLES," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in machinery or
apparatus for boring or drilling holes in timber, metal, or other sub-
stances, has for its object to effect a rapid raising or lowering of the drill
or boring bit, or to fix its position in a speedy and effectual manner,
this object being effected by means of apparatus for opening or
closing a nut through which a screw passes, which causes the descent
or feeding of the drill or boring bit during the drilling or boring
action, by reason of the revolution of this screw in the said nut,
the screw itself forming a continuation of the mandrel or shaft in which
the drilling or boring tool is carried.

page_text: In order to effect the release of the nut from the screw it is formed
in two or more sections, each of which is attached to a spring or other
elastic medium or to levers, the ends of the springs or levers being
brought together at or near to a screwed stud, on which a nut having
a conical face is carried. By turning this nut in a direction causing
it to move inwards on the screwed stud, the conical face bears against
the extremities of the springs or levers herein-before referred to, and
thus withdraws the sections of the nut attached to them out of contact
with the central screw, leaving it free to be raised or lowered.
In place of employing a nut with a conical face, a double cam,
eccentric, crank, right and left hand screw or wedge, may be used for
opening and closing the sections of the nut.
In place of raising or lowering the spindle direct by hand when
released, this may be effected by employing either a circular or
quadrantal rack, the teeth of which gear either into the threads of
the screwed part of the spindle, or into teeth formed therein or thereon,
and by depressing or revolving which the drill or boring bit may
be fed to its work. In order to adjust the position of the entire boring
apparatus the stem or body is constructed with a universal or hinged
joint, and provided with set screws or nuts for fixing it at any position 2
wherein it is or may be adjusted.
The boring shaft is rotated by bevil or other gearing after the manner
of an ordinary drilling or boring machine. In place of employing one
boring shaft in the machine arranged as herein-before described the
machine may be constructed with two or more boring shafts for 2
actuating two or more boring drills or bits.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left. by Louis Merckelbagh at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th January 1871.
I, LOUIS MERCKELBAGH,. of. Liège, in the Kingdom of Belgium,
now of No. 8, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING
FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
My Invention is chiefly designed for the quick and cheap conversion
of muzzle-loading rifles into efficient breech-leaders. To effect this
object I make in the upper side of the rear end of the barrel of the rifle
an aperture in which is fitted a cylindrical bolt for closing the breech,
which bolt has a suitable handle whereby it is manipulated. On one
side at the rear of the said aperture is a shoulder, and on the bolt
there is a projection; by turning the handle of the bolt to the side of
the aperture the said projection is brought in front of the shoulder and
the bolt is thereby locked tightly against the breech aperture. The
breech opening in the barrel is extended slightly beyond the aforesaid
shoulder to allow the breech bolt to be drawn backward a short distance,
but it is not necessary that the said bolt should be drawn 'back as får
"

page_text: as in an ordinary bolt gun, as the said bolt is made to turn upward away
from the barrel to permit the insertion of the cartridges. For this
purpose the said bolt is jointed to a short piece which slides and turns
in the rear extension of the breech aperture.. The said short piece is
kept in place by a spring catch, which prevents its accidental dis-
placement but allows it to be readily removed when required. A
firing pin extends through the bolt. The rear end of the said pin lies
in contact with one arm of a small lever or tumbler pivotted in the
aforesaid short sliding piece, the other arm of this short lever lies in
contact with a plunger that projects down through a tube which
occupies the place of the ordinary nipple of a muzzle-loading arm.
The old lock, trigger, and hammer are retained. When the trigger is
pulled the hammer strikes the plunger which through the lever drives
forward the firing pin and ignites the cartridge. The firing pin and
plunger are provided with springs, which throw them back after each
discharge. When the arm is used for paper cartridges the bolt has a
moveable head which forms a guide for the firing pin, and which is
provided with an india-rubber gas check. When the arm is to be used
for firing metallic cartridges I use an extractor which is operated by
the breech block. This extractor is a flat bar which has the usual hook
or claw for acting on the rim of a cartridge. The said bar is made
rather longer than the bolt, at its ends are shoulders or flanges between
which the bolt lies, and the said bolt when moved forward or backward
I
:
acts on these shoulders and gives the required movement to the
extractor..
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORDNANCE, AND IN THE METHOD OF CASTING PROJECTILES TO BE USED THEREWITH
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Elizabeth Duley and Elizabeth
Marriott at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 27th July 1871.
We, ELIZABETH DULEY and ELIZABETH MARRIOTT, both of the Firm
of Duley and Company, Ironfounders, of the Town and County of
Northampton, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ORDNANCE, AND IN THE METHOD OF CASTING PROJECTILES TO
BE USED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
1
Our Invention relates chiefly to ordnance used in land batteries,
and the improvements consist in casting the shot at the time of
loading by running molten metal into the gun which serves as a
"chill" for the casting, by which method the shot may be discharged
when red hot, or even when the interior of the shot is yet fluid, the
outside only being set.
In carrying out our Invention we employ one or more smelting
furnaces, whence the molten metal is run direct to each gun in the
battery as required.
The gun employed is constructed on a suitable breech-loading system,
and has a solid metal cap by which the bore is temporarily stopped at

page_text: the muzzle to prevent the escape of the metal before it has set. This
cap may be slightly hollowed out so as to form a point to the projectile.
The cap is hinged to the muzzle of the gun, and it is thrown back out
of the way before the gun is discharged by means of levers working
in connection with the discharge mechanism. The metal is introduced
at or near the muzzle, or through an opening in the said cap or stopper.
A suitable wad composed principally of sand is interposed between the
powder charge and the projectile before the metal is run in to prevent
the heat exploding the powder charge which is previously introduced
at the breech.
IMPROVED MODE OF WINDING WATCHES, CHRONOMETERS, AND CLOCKS, AND FOR MOVING OR REGULATING THE HANDS OF SAME
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Themas Newman Burnand
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 12th January 1871.
I, JOHN THEMAS NEWMAN BURNAND, of 27, Norfolk Street, Strand,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED MODE OF WINDING WATCHES, CHRONOMETERS, AND CLOCKS, AND FOR
MOVING OR REGULATING THE HANDS OF SAME," to be as follows:-
:-
My improvement consists in the mode of winding up watches,
chronometers, and clocks by means of a bar with a square hole pipe
or tube in the centre used as a watch key, and fitted on the spindle or
pin of the barrel, and sunk between the inner case and top of the plate
of the works, a rim being affixed to the said case to keep out the dirt
and for moving and regulating the hands by placing the same on
the pin of the hands by which they are usually propelled.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TURNING AND DRILLING OR BORING LATHES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Winter at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
February 1871.
I, WILLIAM WINTER, of Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TURNING
AND DRILLING OR BORING LATHES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in an arrangement as hereafter described
whereby the operation of drilling or boring and turning may be carried
on simultaneously, being particularly applicable for drilling or boring and
turning wheels, pulleys, and other similar articles. The bed, slide, rests,
and fast headstock are of ordinary construction. On the bed I mount
another headstock provided with a spindle to which by gearing a rotary
motion is imparted. The spindle is provided with a chuck similar to
those on ordinary drilling machines for carrying the drilling or boring
tool. The motion for feeding the tool is of a similar construction to
that on ordinary drilling machines. The spindle carrying the face plate
on the fast headstock on which the work is fixed is made to revolve at
any speed suitable for turning, whilst the drilling or boring spindle
carrying the tool is made to revolve at a speed suitable for drilling or

page_text: boring, and to act simultaneously on the same object. Any increase
or decrease of velocity required for boring or drilling to compensate for
the required turning velocity of the fast headstock spindle is produced
by speed cones in connection with the drilling or boring spindle, or
by known equivalent means. The drilling or boring spindle is made
to revolve in the same direction as the fast headstock spindle, or in
the opposite direction as circumstances may require.
AN IMPROVED MANNER OF TREATING TOBACCO
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Tiernan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
October 1871.
I, ROBERT TIERNAN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED MANNER OF TREATING TOBACCO," to be as follows:-
IMPROVEMENTS IN VENEER CUTTING MACHINES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Augustus de Bergue and
Richard de Bergue at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 21st July 1871.
We, AUGUSTUS DE BERGUE, of 10, Strand, in the City of West-
minster, London, and RICHARD DE BERGUE; of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENEER CUTTING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in constructing veneer cutting machines with
a circular semi-rotating cutter formed by a disc tapering in thickness
towards its circumference, and upon which a steel ring forming the
actual cutter is adopted. The ring is to overlap the disc sufficiently to
allow it to be ground to a sharp edge, and sometimes to consist of
segments brazed together. Sometimes the ring is to be fitted in a
recessed seating in and around the disc.
And in constructing them with, or applying to them, and driving by
them a grindstone upon the overlapping portion of the cutter in order
to give it a suitable edge. The grindstone is so disposed that it may
revolve and grind all the time that the machine is in motion, and by

page_text: adjustment may grind more or less rapidly, and upon a larger or smaller
curve, as may be required.
Another grindstone or scraper is also sometimes provided and so
placed as to clean the lower surface of the steel ring when required.
And in constructing them with one or two sliding carriages on either
side of the circular cutter for the purpose of bearing the logs. The
carriages have bearing ribs or grooves upon which the logs are fastened.
The movement of the carriage or carriages is so arranged in respect to
the semi-rotary movement of the cutter as to travel in an opposite
direction, thus obtaining the utmost efficiency in the cut. Upon the
bed of one of these carriages is attached a catch or appliance to reverse
the movement of the machine.
And in constructing or providing the cutter with a vertically descend-
ing motion to cut continuously the veeners at each travel of the
carriages, and to vary at will the thickness in the cutting of the wood.
This movement is effected by a set of change wheels, similar to those
employed on a lathe, the said wheels being moved at each travel of the
carriage.
And the Invention further comprises the application of one or several
jets for steam to be thereby directed to the edge of the cutter, where it 2
imbeds itself in the wood (in order to lubricate the cutter, and thereby
preventing the rosin and gum of the wood from adhering to it).
And further, the application of the above several improvements, some
or all of them, in any convenient combination.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS OR SAFETY VALVE FOR PRE- VENTING EXPLOSION IN BOILERS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Jennings at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
February 1871:
I, THOMAS JENNINGS, of No. 34, North Street, Manchester Square, in
the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS OR SAFETY VALVE FOR PRE-
VENTING EXPLOSION IN BOILERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in an apparatus for preventing the bursting
of kitchen and other domestic boilers by generation of steam, which
apparatus is also applicable as an auxiliary safety valve to high-pressure
boilers, and boilers generally.
My improved apparatus is composed essentially of a valve box or
chamber communicating by an opening at the bottom with the boiler,
having an orifice at the top enclosing a loose valve of less specific
gravity than water, and having its bottom opening partially closed by a
shield forming valve seat.
I propose to place an apparatus of this construction above or on
any side of a boiler, its position being regulated accordingly as the
boiler is for supplying hot water or for generating steam.

page_text: When the boiler is full, or the level of water within it is above
the level of the valve box or chamber this latter will also be filled
with water which will have carried the valve up against the top opening
of the chamber, completely closing it, but should the supply of water
be arrested by frost, or otherwise, or the water in the boiler from any
cause fall below the regulated level, the valve will fall upon the shield
or valve seat at the bottom of the chamber, leaving free passage around
the valve seat and through the opening at top of chamber for escape
of steam, if any be generated in the boiler, and consequently no explosion
under steam pressure can possibly ensue.
The chamber or valve box may be of any suitable metal or material,
but for household boilers particularly I prefer to have it of glass, so
that the position of the valve or float may be seen at any moment.
I also prefer a cylindrical dome topped chamber and spherical float as
best adapted to secure the closing of the upper opening.
On the accompanying Sheet of Drawing, forming part of this my
Provisional Specification, Fig. 1 is a vertical section, and Fig. 2 a plan
of my improved safety apparatus.
A indicates the valve box or chamber; B, the valve or float; C, the
shield or valve seat; a, top opening; a¹ elastic collar for ensuring
perfect closing of opening a by float B; b, b, circular passage for
admission of water or of steam from boiler; c, pipe communicating with
boiler; d, d, supports of valve seat (in this case there are three) resting
on flange c¹ of pipe c; e, washer between flange f of valve box and
flange c¹ of pipe c. The dotted lines show the position of the valve
or float B when there is no water in the chamber and consequently an
insufficient supply in boiler.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR VOLATILIZED FLUIDS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jorgen Daniel Larsen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th March 1871.
I, JORGEN DANIEL LARSEN, of No. 1, The Avenue, Blackheath, in the
County of Kent, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR VOLATILIZED FLUIDS," to be
as follows:-
:―
A tube from the reservoir containing the hydrocarbon oil or similar
fluid rises vertically, and has within it a wick reaching within an inch
or so of the top, which is closed about half way between the top of the
wick and the upper end of the tube, there are small holes round the
tube, and at a little distance below the upper part of the wick a shallow
metal cup surrounds the tube outside. To use the lamp some of the
fluid is placed in the cup and being ignited the flame heats the fluid in

page_text: the wick until the vapour issues from the holes and ignites and there-
after heats the tube, which again heats the fluid rising in the wick so
as to continue the supply of vapour until the fluid in the reservoir ceases
to ascend or until the flame is extinguished.