IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NAILS AND IN MACHINERY THEREFOR
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki, of the Firm of
J. Brandt and G. W. v. Nawrocki, of 124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, in the
German Empire, Patent Agent, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF NAILS AND IN MACHINERY THEREFOR." A communication
from Theodor Kuhno, of Schwelm, in Westphalia, in the German Empire.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Gerard Wenzeslaus_von
Nawrocki at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd Juno
1880.
"
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. v.
Nawrocki, of 124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, in the German Empire, Patent Agent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NAILS AND IN MACHINERY THEREFOR.'
(A communication from Theodor Kuhne, of Schwelm, in Westphalia, in the German
Empire.)
The object of this Invention is to manufacturo nails from metal wire or strips
in the cold stato and without loss of material, by cutting or splitting the wire in
a slanting direction similarly to that of nails made of sheet iron, all as hereinafter
described.
The wire is cut off in lengths equal to the length of the nail body and about
double the depth of the head. If the nail is to have an even taper from the head.
to the point the piece of wire is split in a slanting direction nearly the wholo
length; out of one piece of wire are thus made two nails.
If the nail is not to be taper the whole length the piece of wire is cut or split
accordingly.
The next operation is the formation of the head, but the nail may bo pressed
straight first so that the point comes central.
The wire passes first through ordinary straightening rollers. The appliances for
cutting off and for splitting a piece of wire in a slanting direction are moved
forward by a movable jaw.
The piece of wire cut off and ready for splitting is during the splitting operation
held at each end by two horizontally moveable tongs, and after the splitting these
Paine S31

page_text: tongs move the ends of the two pieces to the place where they are to be formed
into heads.
The piecos of wire are cut off [by a vertical moveable slide; a steel plate is fixed
to it having an eye or opening exactly corresponding with the cross section of the
wire. When the wire has been pushed forward by the aforesaid moveable jaw the
slide is made to descend, and as the plate thereon moves it down past a cutting
edgo or lower part of a pair of tongs or nippers, a piece of wire is cut off; simul-
taneously therewith the slide pushes down a moveable bar forming the upper part
of the nippers, so that the cut off piece is held between the two parts of the nippers
by one end or head part while this cut off piece is being split; the other end is
simultaneously taken hold of and held by other tongs.
The splitting of the piece is effected by means of four knives, which are moved
vertically with the slide in a box or guide cast on the framing.
The two pairs of tongs bring the piece so between the knives that it is split in
two by a slanting cut. The knives are moved by four levers, of which the two
upper ones are worked by eccentrics or cams on a counter shaft; one of the lower
levers is by a rod connected to one of the upper levers, while the other lower lover
hangs in a screw pendant from the framing. All four knives tako hold of the
piece of wire at the same time; the eccentrics on the countorshaft then cause the
upper knives to descend; the aforesaid connecting rod drags its lower lover with it;
the length of this rod is adjusted so that the two knives are exactly the thickness
of the wiro apart. The connecting rod passos through the framing and a nut
thereon limits the stroke of the lever and knife. Similarly the stroke of the other
lever and knife is limited by a pendant screw fastened to the framing. The
slide for cutting off the pieces is moved by a lever and an eccentric on counter
shaft.
After the piece has been split in two each half is moved laterally in a horizontal
direction by the tongs, which for this purpose are moved laterally by levers on
vertical shafts moved by eccentrics on the countershaft; the tongs are of course
meanwhile kept closed. As regards the one pair of tongs this is done by the slide,
and as regards the other by means of a spring. As the further end of the piece
held by the tongs is lowered by the sliding knives the lower part or jaw of the said
tongs must also be able to descend, and there is a spring for forcing it up after the
splitting has been performed. Tho "jumping up" of the heads is done by means of
slides and a hammer or bolt. The two upper slides are fixed by set screws; the
two lower slides are moveable and are actuated by levers from eccentrics on the
countershaft. Theso slides contain the dies for the heads to be formed, and servo
at the same time as anvils for the hammers which are contained in horizontally
moveable slides worked by eccentrics.
These eccentrics do not act directly on the slides but through the intervention
of wedge shaped levers turning on weigh shafts below, and made adjustable by
screws acting on other levers on the same weigh shafts. The slides are fitted
with friction rollers against the wedges; springs bring the slides and the hammers
back.
The head being made the finished nail is thrown out of the machine by
"pitman" appliances.
The operation may if desired be conducted in two machines, one for cutting off
and splitting the pieces and the other for forming the heads.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, and of
an Order of the Lord Chancellor, filed by the said Gerard Wonzeslaus von
Nawrocki in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 15th January 1881.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWBOCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and J. W. V.
Nawrocki, of 124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, in the German Empire, Patent Agent.
'IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NAILS AND IN MACHINERY THEREFOR
(A communication from Theodor Kuhne, of Schwelm, in Westphalia, in the German
Empire.)
#
"
The object of this Invention is to manufacture nails from metal wire or strips
in the cold state and without loss of material, by cutting or splitting the wire in
a slanting direction similarly to that of nails made of sheet iron, all as hereinafter
described.
Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawings represent pieces of wire or
strips of metal in various stages of manufacture, and Figures 3 and 4 show the
finished nails.
The wire is cut off in lengths equal to the length of the nail body and about
double the depth of the hoad. If the nail is to have an even taper from the head
to the point the piece of wire is split in a slanting direction nearly the wholo length,
as shown in Figure 1. The parts a are intended for the head; out of one piece of
wire are thus made two nails.
If the nail is not to be taper the whole length the piece of wire is cut or split
accordingly, as, for instance, shown in Figure 2.
The next operation is the formation of the head, but the nail may be pressed
straight first so that the point comes central, as shown in Figures 3 and 4.
In the accompanying Drawings is represented a machine for the manufacture of
nails according to this Invention; Figure 5 is a side elevation; Figure 6, plan;
and Figure 7, horizontal section on line A, B, Figure 5; Figure 8 is a vertical
section through line C, D, Figure 6; and Figure 9, similarly through line E, F;
Figures 10, 11, and 12 are details.
The wiro passes first through ordinary straightening rollers A, A. The appliances
for cutting off and for splitting a piece of wire in a slanting direction are moved
forward by a moveable jaw B.
The piece of wire cut off and ready for splitting is during the splitting operation
held at each end a, a, Figuro 1, by two horizontal movable tongs C and D, and
after the splitting these tongs move the ends of the two pieces to the place where
they are to be formed into heads.
The pieces of wire are cut off by a vertical movable slide E, Figures 5, 8, and 10;
a steel plate b, Figure 10, is fixed to it having an eye or opening exactly corre-
sponding with the cross section of the wire. When the wire has been pushed
forward by the aforesaid movable jaw B, the slide E is made to descend, and as the
plate 6 thereon moves it down past a cutting edge or lever, part of a pair of tongs
or nippers C a piece of wire is cut off; simultaneously therewith the slide E pushes
down a movable bar e forming the upper part of the nippers C, so that the cut off
piece is held between the two parts & and d of the nippers C by one end or head
part a, Figure 1, while this cut off piece is being split; the other end a', Figure 10, ·
is simultaneously taken hold of and held by other tongs D, Figure 11.
The splitting of the piece is effected by means of four knives i¹, i³, i³, i', which,
as especially to be seen in Figures 7 and 8, are moved vertically with the slide in
a box or guide cast in the framing.
The two pairs of tongs C and D bring the piece so between the knives that it is
split in two by a slanting cut, as shown in Figure 1 or Figure 2. The knives are
moved by four levers ƒ¦‚¯ƒ³, ƒ³, ƒ', of which the two upper ones f¹‚ƒ³, are worked

page_text: "
by eccentrics or cams on a countershaft F; f^, one of the lower levers, is by a rod g
connected to f³, one of the upper lovers, while the other lower lever f³ hangs in a
screw pendant from the framing. Before the beginning of the splitting operation
the upper surfaces of the knives and it, as well as those of the knives and i³,
are in the same plane. Springs or weights give the knives ³ and is a constant 5
tendency to rise, but the screws g, g², counteract them. At the beginning of the
splitting the upper knives go down first until rests firmly on the right hand
half wire, Figuro 8, and in conjunction with holds this half; and have now
also gone down and take hold of the left hand half piece. While the knives i¹, is,
now remain stationary the knives ³,, go down still further, whereby through tho
connecting rod g the lever f is dragged on by the lever f³ and splitting of the
wire effected; the length of this rod g is adjusted so that the two knives are
exactly the thickness of the wire apart. The connecting rod g passes through the
framing, and a nut g₁ thereon limits the stroko of the lever f and knife i*.
Similarly the stroke of the other lever f and knifo is limited by a pendant 1
screw g³ fastened to the framing. The connection of the levers with their
corresponding slides will be understood by reference to Figures 5 and 8. The
slide E for cutting off the pieces is moved by a lever hand an eccentric on counter
shaft F, as shown in Figuro 6.
After the piece has been split in two tho knives return to their original position,
and each half wire is moved laterally in a horizontal direction in the positions I.
and II., Figure 8, by the tongs C and D, which for this purposo are moved laterally
by levers, Figure 6, on vertical shafts moved by eccentrics on the counter
shaft F; the tongs are of course meanwhile kept closed until the nails come into the
positions I. and II. As regards the one pair of tongs C this is done by the slido E,
and as regards the other, D, by means of a spring, which for cleanness sake is
omitted in the Drawing. As further the end of the piece held by the tongs D is
lowered by the sliding knives ³, i, the lower part or jaw d', Figure 11, of the
said tongs must also be able to descend, and there is a spring for forcing it up after
tho splitting has been performed. The "jumping up" of the heads is done by
means of slides m¹, n', m², n³, and a hammer or bolt o', o. The two upper slides
m', m², Figure 6, are fixed by set screws p³, p³; the two lower slides n¹, n³, are
moveable, and are actuated by levers q', 92, from eccentrics on the counter shaft F.
These slides m', n', m², n², contain the dies for the heads to be formed, and serve
at the same time as anvils for the hammers o¹, 0%, which are contained in horizontally
movable slides which are worked by eccentrics s on the shafts F and F' and
friction rollers.
These eccentrics do not act directly on the slides but through the intervention
of the wedge shaped levers t turning on weigh shafts below, and made adjustable
by screws acting on other lovers t¹ on the same weigh shafts. The slides are
fitted with friction rollers against the wedges t, as shown in Figure 5. Springs u
bring the slides and the hammers o', o², back.
"
The head being made the finished nail is thrown out of tho machine by the
'pitman" appliances v¹, v, Figure 6; the former moved by lever w¹ and slide w
from an eccentric w³, and the latter by the lever w' on a horizontal shaft, which
also carries a lover connected with the rod w³ and worked by cam wº, seo
Figure 5.
The tongs B are arranged as drag tongs, and are worked by the rod a from the
slide v for the pitinan o¹.
The two shafts F and F¹ are worked by tooth wheels y, z, from the shaft G.
The operation may if desired be conducted in two machines, one for cutting off
and splitting the pieces and the other for forming the heads.
And having thus described and ascertained the nature of this Invention, and
the mode of carrying same into effect as communicated to me, I declare that I
claim,―
First. The manufacture of nails in the form of cut nails from wire by cutting
a piece of wire of suitable longth in a direction slanting to its length's direction, so

page_text: as to produce two nails conical the whole length or not, and which are provided
with heads, as set forth.
Second. In a machine for the manufacture of nails the arrangement of the four
knives i,,,, for splitting the pieces of wire, as set forth.
Third. In a machine for the manufacture of nails the general arrangement and
construction of the tongs C, D, for the lateral motion of the split pieces of wire.
Fourth. In a machine for the manufacture of nails the application of two head
pressing appliances for the formation of the nail heads.
In witness whereof, I, the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI. (L.S.)