Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Aug., 1897-Accepted, 25th Sept., 1897
We, EDWARD GARDNER, THOMAS HARRY GARDNER and LAWRENCE GARDNER, all
of Gardner Works, Cornbrook, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:—
Our invention refers first, to improvements in the general arrangement of the
mechanism usually employed in the construction of Oil Motors, and, secondly,
to improvements in the details of constructions of the more important elements of
an oil engine, to wit-the vapourizer, the oil feed mechanism, and the governor
for controlling the speed of the engine.
And in order that this our said invention may be the better understood and more
readily carried into effect, we have hereunto annexed three sheets of drawings and
will now proceed to describe the same by means of the figures and letters of refer-
ence marked thereon. Similar letters on the several views denote similar parts.
On sheet one, Fig. 1 is a side elevation, and Fig. 2 an end view showing the
general arrangement of the mechanism forming our improved oil motor.
On sheet two, Fig. 3 is a side elevation (partly in section), Fig. 4 a transverse
vertical section, and Fig. 5 a sectional plan of our improved vapourizer. Fig. 6 is
sectional plan of the oil feed mechanism on line V-W, and Fig. 7 a section
elevation of Fig. 6 on the line X-Y.
On sheet three, Figs. 8, 9 and 10 are uetails shewing our improved governor
mechanism for oil motors.
Referring to sheet one, (a) is the engine cylinder, water jacketed in the usual
way, mounted on the engine bed (a¹), and fitted with the usual piston and con-
necting rod (a) for transmitting motive force to the crank shaft (a").
The engine works on the well known Otto Cycle,' and the power is derived
from the explosion of a mixture of oil vapour and air admitted to the combustion
chamber formed at the back of the cylinder (a) which is fitted with a vapourizer (g),
a vapour inlet box (6) (hereinafter more particularly described) and an air inlet
valve (d) to admit in their proper proportions, the necessary quantity of oil vapour
and air to form the explosive mixture. The air inlet valve (d) works auto-
matically by the action of the engine piston. (c) is the exhaust box situated on
the under side of the cylinder, and operated from the crank-shaft (a³) by the
eccentric rod (f) through the rocking shaft (k) as illustrated. (p) is our improved
pump or oil feeder (hereinafter more particularly described) receiving the oil by
the pipe (3) and forcing it along the pipe (p) into the cup (g) from whence it is
drawn into the vapourizer (g) and into the cylinder (a), where it is mixed with
the requisite quantity of air, compressed, and fired in the customary manner.
The details of our improved vapourizer will be more clearly understood by refer-
ence to Figs. 3, 4 and 5 (sheet two).
They consist of a block of cast iron (g) containing the passages (v), (v³) and (v4)
all opening at the top end into a chamber (9¹). (9) is an air passage leading into
the air passage (³). (9³) is an orifice for receiving the oil from the cup (9), via-

page_text: ,
the non-return valve (95), and conveying it into the passage (v4). The central
passage (3) is connected by a pipe (e) with the vapour valve box (b) containing
the valve (2) on spindle (64) passing to the outside of the valve box (b), and
normally held to its seating by the spring (65) acting against the nut (66) on the
spindle end. (98) is the ignition tube for firing the charge, and with the vapour-
izer just described is enclosed within the casing (g) formed with an opening (g")
to receive the nozzle of any suitable form of petroleum or spirit lamp for heating
the casing and its contents. A suitable form of lamp and stand is shown in Fig. 1
and marked (7), of which (1) is the nozzle from which the flame issues.
spindle (6) of the valve (b) is operated by the action of the engine governor
through the upper part of the two armed lever (h), centred and oscillating on the
stud (h), whereof the lower part simultaneously operates the pump or oil feeder (p)
which we will now more particularly describe by the aid of Figs. 6 and 7.
The
The pump or oil feeder consists of a barrel () wherein works a plunger or
ram (2) operated on the inward stroke, as herein before mentioned, by the lower
arm of the double armed lever (h), and on the outward stroke by the helical
spring (s) through the stuffing box (7). The ram (7) is slit or sawn up as shown
at (73) and slightly sprung open before inserting into the barrel (p), so that in
working it bears continually against the sides of the barrel. Oil is received
through the pipe (23) from any convenient reservoir into the air chamber (p")
through the passage (7) controlled by the stop tap (216) and through the port (7)
into barrel (p), and fills the space between the end of the ram (7) and the
valve (p). This valve (7) is kept on its seating by the helical spring (28).
The action of this pump or oil feeder is as follows: When the lower arm of the
double armed lever (h) makes a stroke (under the trigger action of the governor)
the ram (p) is forced into the barrel (p), and the first effect of the movement is
for the ram to cover the port (2), thus closing it up and forcing the oil that is
beyond it through the valve (7), the amount depending upon the length of stroke.
The oil thus impelled forward enters the chamber (7), and via the pipe (4) is dis-
charged into the cup (g). The slit (7") ensures a tight shut off on the ram
passing the port (76), and by the ram thus forming its own valve in one inove-
ment the valve mechanism is simplified, -an inlet valve not being required, and
so reducing the number of valves and parts in a portion of the oil engine which it
is desirable to reduce to the simplest character. To prevent the ram ever turn-
ing round and bringing the slit (213) opposite the port (1) we provide a fixed
bracket (*) which bears against a flat on the collar (216).
"
For charging the cup (9) preparatory to starting the engine the valve (7) is
pulled by hand from its seating by means of the button head (p) and spindle (7)
passing through stuffing box (p). The oil then can run straight through from
the supply tank to the cup (g).
We will now describe the construction of our improved governor, and how the
double-armed lever () is operated, which in turn operates the vapour valve (2)
and oil feeder or pump (7) as just described. Our improved governor consists of
a trigger lever (m), the longer arm of which is provided with an extension or
finger (m) and the shorter arm shaped to a corner or edge (m²). This lever is
hereafter called the 'trigger,' and works freely on a pivot (m) fixed in the rocking
arm (m2) which latter is pivotted in the frame of the engine at (n). The rocking
arm (m³) is actuated to-and-fro by means of the eccentric rod (e): (m²) is a
projection which is shaped to a corner or edge (m), and is fixed rigidly in a
bracket (m) which is rigidly attached to the frame of the engine. (m¹³) is a
nib' or projection on the lever (h) and (m³) is a projection on the rocking arm, (m²)
on which the 'trigger' (m) rests by its own (or additional) weight, or by the
action of a spring, or by both, when it is not being otherwise acted upon. (1)
is a sleeve fitting loosely on the pivot (m) and formed with raised collar (m").
Fixed to this sleeve is one end of a helical spring (m10) the other end of which is
fixed in the trigger (m). (m¹³) is a nut screwed on to the pivot (m) for the
purpose of binding the sleeve (m), and thus securing, the spring with any desired

page_text: tension after being twisted by collar (m²). The face (m³) is approximately part
of a circle described from the centre of pivot (n).
The action of the parts is as follows:-Starting from the position shewn in
Fig. 9 (Sheet 2) the eccentric rod (e) moving the rocking arm (m²) towards the
projection (m3) the point (m) approaches (m) and when they meet (m) receives
an impulse which raises the longer arm of the trigger' from the projection (m³)
and so tilts it up to a point above the level of (m13). When point (m7) has
passed (m) the trigger' is free to fall and by the time the trigger' finger has reached
the projection (m¹³), so far as regards the horizontal component of its motion, the
trigger finger (m³) may fau below 'the level of the top of projection (m¹³) and so
engage with the projection as shewn in Fig. 8, push the lever (h) before it, and
cause the pump to be worked, or, if the speed of the engine be greater than that
required by the adjustment of the governor,-the trigger finger (m³) will fall on
to the top of the projection (m13) and so fail to operate the lever (h).
In this way the governing is effected by the trigger coming opposite or falling
on the projection (m3), according to the impetus given by the eccentric rod (e)
and recoil of spring (m). The face (m) is provided to constrain the trigger to
fall back and rest on the projection (m). The governing action is solely derived
from a weighted trigger being kicked up by collision of the points (m²) and (m²)
and the time it takes to return to its state of rest upon the stud (m³). The tension
of the spring (m¹0) (and consequently the speed of the engine) is varied by twisting
the sleeve (m).
The action of the complete engine may be described as follows:-The ignition
tube (g) and vapourizer (g) having been thoroughly heated up by the lamp (l),
as is well known to those conversant with the manipulation of oil engines, the
piston of the engine is drawn forward by rotating the crank shaft by hand. This
outward movement of the piston draws in a charge of oil from the cup (9), (which
has been previously filled by releasing the valve (7) by means of the button (1) to-
gether with a small quantity of air. The air and oil pass through the non-return
valve (5) into the heated passage (v) and into the chamber (g).
time a quantity of air is drawn through the orifice (92) and along the heated
passage (3) into the chamber (9¹). The oil during its passage along (4) becomes,
by means of the small quantity of air sucked in with it, partially vapourized and
partially sprayed.
At the same
When this mixture reaches the chamber (9¹) it is met by the current of hot air
from the passage (22) and is then more or less completely vapourized, and enters
the passage (3) when it is further heated, which serves to complete the
vapourization.
The mixture, thus heated, enters the cylinder through the valve (62) and port (63)
in the valve box (6), and is there diluted by a quantity of air entering through the
air inlet valve () so as to produce the proper proportions of air and oil vapour for
an explosive mixture. On the return of the piston on its inward stroke this
mixture is compressed and fired, the impulse being received on the next outward
troke. The succeeding iaward stroke is the 'exhausting' stroke at which time
the exhaust valve (c) is opened by the eccentric rod (f).
It will be observed that the action of the pump (p) in supplying oil to the
cup (g) is simultaneous with the movement of the vapour valve (62) so that as a
charge of oil is drawn out of the cup into the vapourizer it is replenished by the
pump and both are dependant on the governor for their action. If the engine is
up to, or above, speed the 'trigger' finger (m³) will fall on to the top of the projec-
tion (m3) and so fail to operate the lever (h), and thus the engine will miss a
stroke, and in like manner if the engine is slowing down the trigger will
strike (m) and cause a fresh charge to enter the cylinder.
We have found this form of inertia governor remarkably efficient in its action
and far superior to the ordinary forms of inertia governors.
Although we have described the trigger action of the governor as operating on
the lever (h), and through it to the vapour valve (2), it will be obvious that the

page_text: vapour valve spindle might be operated direct from the trigger,' and the motion
of the lever to be derived from the vapour valve spindle by link, or in any other
convenient manner. The engine is readily stopped by closing down the valve (216),
and so cutting off the supply of oil.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim and desire to secure by letters patent is:-
1st. The general combination and arrangement of parts constituting our
improved oil (vapour) motor, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated
on the accompanying drawings.
2nd. The improved vapourizer for oil (vapor) motors consisting of the metal
block (g), formed with passages (23), (3), (4), and cross passage (9¹) for oil and air
respectively, arranged in an outer casing (g), containing also the ignition tube (98),
substantially as hereinbefore described and shewn on the accompanying drawings.
3rd. The improved oil feed pump, consisting of the slit ram (7"), acting as a
valve in conjunction with the outlet valve (2), control valve (10), starting
action (27), mounted and operaung, substantially as hereinbefore described, and
shewn on the accompanying drawings.
4th. The improved inertia governor consisting of the trigger (m) and abut-
ment (m), mounted and operating and for the purposes as set forth.
5th. The rocking lever (h) for operating the inlet valve, and oil pump
simultaneously and under the control of the governor as set forth.
Dated this 26th day of July 1807
EDWARD GARDNER.
THOMAS HARRY GARDNER.
LAWRENCE GARDNER.
By John G. Wilson & Co., Rd.P.A.
Agents.