Improvements in and relating to the Manufacture of Resilient Tyres and Tyre Covers.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Appnication, 27th NOV., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 27th Aug., 1898-Accepted, 29th Oct., 1898
Date of Application, 27th NOV., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 27th Aug., 1898-Accepted, 29th Oct., 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to the Manufacture of Resilient Tyres
and Tyre Covers.
I, JAMES MECREDY MACLULICH, of 14, Regent Street, in the County of London,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
-
This invention relates to resilient tyres of the kind or class that are constructed
in such a manner that the outer layers of rubber or other material forming the
tyre are in a state of compression. and thus offer great resistance to wear and
abrasion. Tyres of this kind have been manufactured by moulding them in the
form of a coil having a diameter of less magnitude than that of the wheel to
which the finished tyres are to be applied; such tyres being provided or not with
an inextensible backing or lining either on the smallest circumference or embedded
in the rubber. A very great disadvantage in such tyres as heretofore manu-
factured is that it is necessary to have a joint: that is to say, an endless tyre
cannot be formed for the reason that, if, after the proper number of turns of the
coil have been formed, the ends were brought together over the coil and joined,
the tyre would, when opened out, be twisted and therefore useless.
Now one object of my invention is to overcome this disadvantage and to provide
an endless tyre having its outer layers in a state of compression.
Another object of my invention is to provide an improved mould
ог apparatus for the manufacture of tyres, whereby the processes of
moulding and vulcanizing are simplified, and rendered more efficient, and
occupy less time, than heretofore. A further advantage that I may attain is
the production of a tyre wherein not only does the degree of compression of the
material increase towards the periphery of tread, but it also increases towards
the sides of the tyre.
According to one form of my invention I so construct or arrange the mould
in which the tyre is made that it twists or turns round upon itself along the
middle line of the tyre a sufficient number of times to compensate for or
neutralize the twist due to the number of turns of the coil. The ends of the coil
are joined together so that an endless tyre may be produced. The twist or turns
upon itself thus given to the tyre cause the sides thereof to be moulded with a
greater length than the middle line of the tyre, and hence, when said tyre is
uncoiled and untwisted so that the sides are of the same length or diameter as the
middle of the tyre such sides are put into a state of compression which is in-
dependent of and in addition to the compression that exists consequent upon the
moulding of the tyre to a smaller diameter than that which it is intended to have
when in use.
My improved mould or apparatus may consist of a pipe or tube of suitable
shape in cross section and arranged in coils, that portion of the mould receiving
the flat or base portion of the tyre being removable, either in sections or as a
whole, by a screw movement, or other suitable arrangement. This mould
greatly facilitates the process of the manufacture of the tyre.

page_text: In another form of my invention I compensate for or neutralize the twist due
to the turn of the coil by arranging some of such turns in a left hand direction
and others in a right hand direction. Such a coil may be formed upon a ring
shaped mandrel. I provide means for preserving the uniformity of the com-
pression at the places where the coil changes from one direction to the other.
In order to adapt my improved apparatus for use in the manufacture of tyres
of various sizes, I provide a mandrel formed of two parallel telescopic portions
joined at their extremities by semi-circular segments, thus forming a flattened
ring, as it were, capable of being adjusted to various sizes by sliding the tele-
scopic portions into or out of each other. I provide a bolt or other
device at the extremities of the outer telescopic member for the purpose
of securing the said members in position after adjustment. This device
may also if desired he arranged to fort an ลา or shoulder for
carrying the looped portion of the tyre where the direction of the coil
is changed and to constitute the aforesaid means for preserving the uni-
formity of the compression. Said arms or shoulder may be arranged to swivel
or to be depressible for the purpose of facilitating the removal of the finished
tyre from the mandrel.
Any suitable form of mould may be employed in connection with my improved
apparatus.
Obviously my invention is applicable to covers for pneumatic and other tyres
and wheels, as well as to solid tyres.
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HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in and relating to the Manufacture of Resilient Tyres
and Tyre Covers.
I, JAMES MECREDY MACLULICII, formerly of 14, Regent Street, in the County
of London, but now of Gortmore, Dundrum, County of Dublin, Ireland, Gentle-
man, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:―
This invention relates to resilient tyres or tyre covers of the kind or class that
are constructed in such a manner that the outer or peripheral portion of the
rubber or other material forming such tyres is in a state of compression and thus
offers great resistance to wear and abrasion.
Tyres of this kind have been manufactured by moulding or vulcanizing them
in the form of a coil having a diameter of less magnitude than that of the wheels
to which the finished tyres are to be applied, such tyres being provided or not
with an inextensible backing or lining either on the smallest circumference or
ombedded in the rubber. A very great disadvantage in such tyres as heretofore
manufactured is that it is necessary to have a joint; that is to say an endless
tyre cannot be formed, for the reason that, if, after the proper number of con-
volutions of the coil have been formed, the ends were brought together and
joined in vulcanizing, the tyre would, when opened out, be twisted and therefore
useless.
Now the object of my invention is to overcome this disadvantage and to provide

page_text: an endless and practically jointless tyre having its outer portion in a state of
compression.
According to my invention, I so bend, coil or loop the tyre prior to the vul-
canization thereof that cross-twists or twists in contrary directions are produced
therein, so that twists in one direction neutralize or compensate for those in the
other direction, and the tyre when opened out will present an untwisted jointless
or endless band or strip, having its peripheral portion in a state of strong com-
pression.
I may effect the production of the mutually neutralizing twists by arranging the
tyre in coils upon a ring-shaped or other endless mandrel, arranging some of the
coils or convolutions in a left hand direction and others in a right hand direction.
In order that my invention may be clearly understood and readily carried into
effect I will proceed to describe the same more fully with reference to the
accompanying drawings, which illustrate by way of example one method of carry-
ing my invention into effect, and in which:
Figures 1 and 2 are respectively a sectional elevation and a plan of an endless
mandrel upon which a tyre may be vulcanized, showing an endless tyre arrangel
thereon in two series of coils:" and
Figure 3 is a separate plan view of the device I prefer to employ for supporting
the tyre upon the said mandrel during the process of vulcanization.
The mandrel consists of two parallel telescopic portions A B. A' B', joined at
their extremities by connecting pieces such as the semi-circular segments A³, B³,
thus forming a flattened ring, as it were, capable of being adjusted to various
sizes by sliding the telescopic portions into or out of each other. By this means
my improved apparatus is adapted for use in the manufacture of tyres of various
sizes. Clips C, C, or other suitable devices, are provided at the extremities of
the outer telescopic members for the purpose of securing the said members in
position after adjustment.
Instead of the semicircular segments A2 B2, straight connecting pieces may
be employed, thus forming a square or oblong endless mandrel: or connecting
pieces of any other shape may be used.
The
A previously formed endless tyre is wound upon the mandrel in the manner
illustrated in the drawings, and is vulcanized thereon in this position.
twists due to the coils upon the portion A B of the mandrel are neutralized or
compensated for by those due to the coils on the portion A¹, B', so that no total
twist is produced by the helical arrangement of the tyre.
I may provide an adjustable strut or stretcher device 1). adapted to maintain the
separation of the two parts A A', B 13, of the mandrel and resist the tendency of
the tyre to draw the said parts together. This strut is removable for the purpose
of placing the tyre on the mandrel and removing it therefrom.
In order to preserve the uniformity of the compression at the places where the
coils change from one direction to the other, short tubular arms or projections E,
are formed on the mandrel, over which projections the tyre is passed in the
manner shown. These projections may be arranged to swivel or to be depressible
for the purpose of facilitating the removal of the tyre from the mandrel after it
has been vulcanized thereon. Plates or bridge pieces F are arranged at the angles
or corners formed by the junctions of these projections and the main portion of
the mandrel, so as to afford a suitable bed or rest for the tyre; and in the case
of straight connecting pieces being employed in place of the curved pieces A³ B³
similar plates or bridge piecos may be arranged in the angles or corners formed
between such connecting pieces and the telescopic members of the mandrel.
Obviously, instead of changing the direction of the coils at the ends of the
double mandrel, I may cause such direction to be changed at a point about mid-
way of the straight portions, and in such case the aforesaid clips C may, if desired,
be arranged to form an arm or projection for carrying the looped portion of
the tyre where the direction of the coils is changed and to constitute the aforesaid
means for preserving the uniformity of the compression.

page_text: Moreover, instead of arranging the tyre in two series of coils I may arrange
it in four or any even number of series, it being only necessary that the number
of convolutions or coils in each direction be equal.
For the purpose of supporting the tyre during the process of vulcanization I
provide cups G adapted to fit the lower half of each coil (see Figures 1 and 33).
These cups are adjustably mounted on a slotted plate or table H. consisting of two
longitudinal portions h h, and two transverse portions h¹h, one of which latter
as shown, is longitudinally adjustable. Each cup is mounted on 8 serew
threaded stem adapted to pass through the slot in the table and to he secured in
any desired position by the butterfly nut g'. By these means the supporting cups
may be adjusted to any position or inclination according to the diameter of the
tyre that may be wound upon the mandrel, and to the number and inclination of
its convolutions.
I may however employ other means for supporting the tyre, such as cups or
moulds suspended from the mandrel itself or from the strut D.
Although I have described only one method of carrying my invention into
effect, it is obvious that I may attain my object in other ways.
For example,
instead of disposing the tyre in series of coils or convolutions I may dispose
it a series of bends, loops or partial convolutions which may be formed upon
projections on an endless mandrel or on a sphere, suitable plates or bridge pieces,
such as the herein before described plates F. being employed to constitute a bed or
rest for the tyre; or a strip or plate, or a mould, bent into the requisite form,
may be employed, without a mandrel, sphere or the like, for the purpose of
retaining the tyre in the desired coils, loops or bands during the vulcanization
thereof these coils, loops, or bends being in all cases so disposed relatively to each
other that any twist that may be caused by some portions thereof will he neutralized
or compensated for by cross-twists or twists in other portions, as already explained.
Obviously, also, although I have described my invention as applied to a solid
tyre, such as would be suitable for carriage wheels, it is equally applicable to other
forms of tyre, or to covers for pneumatic and other tyres and wheels; and any
suitable form of mould may be employed in connection therewith.
It is to be understood that the annexed drawings are merely diagrammatic illus-
trations of the essential features of my invention, and that in practice the coils
in which the tyre is arranged might be closer together, and of less diameter, than
those shown.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. The method of manufacturing a resilient endless or jointless tyre or tyre
cover with a compressed tread substantially as described.
2. An endless tyre or tyre cover in which the outer or peripheral portion is in a
state of compression, substantially as described.
3. The means or apparatus for use with my improved method of manufacturing
an endless resilient tyre with a compressed tread, substantially as described with
reference to the annexed drawings.
Dated this 27th day of August, 1908
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.