IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Henry, of Bury, in the County of Lan-
caster, and James Edward Hyde Andrew, of Audenshaw, in the said
County, Machinists, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING."
Sealed the 21st February 1860, and dated the 24th August 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Henry and James
Edward Hyde Andrew at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 24th August 1859.
We, JOSEPH HENRY, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, and JAMES
EDWARD HYDE ANDREW, of Audenshaw, in the said County, Machinists, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists, firstly, in improvements connected with the picking
motion, giving movement to the improved horizontal picking sticks by means
of diagonal rocking shafts, each having an arm or projection acted upon by a
tappet, so that it may be out of the way when the opposite pick is given. We
also give motion to the improved and ordinary picking sticks by placing on each
sword arm a shaft having an arm or lever forming a crank at each end, one of
which is acted upon by a tappet, either on the ordinary tappet shaft or on the
improved oscillating shaft for working the treddles, and the other lever or crank
is connected to or operates upon the picking stick when the sword arms recede
from the beam, and come in contact with one or other of the tappets. For

page_text: looms where two or more shuttles are employed, we place upon each diagonal
rocking shaft an additional shoulder or wing, which is acted upon by a stop or
tappet so as to prevent the picking stick from being thrown too far back,
and also to enable the picker to recede to allow the box to change its
position.
Secondly, in applying the sun-and-planet system of gearing to the taking-up
and letting-off motions of a loom, and consists in giving a slow motion to the
beam by causing a toothed wheel or pinion to revolve over the teeth of a
stationary wheel, and also over the teeth of a wheel fixed to the beam, of a
different number of teeth, which difference is the amount of movement of
the wheel and beam in proportion to their diameters. The pinion works
upon a stud connected to the ratchet wheel, which after each movement is
locked against the tension of the yarn or cloth, in consequence of the peculiar
external action of the pinion.
Thirdly, in an improved leading or pattern chain for regulating the move-
ment of the drop box, or giving a sliding motion to a pattern cylinder, or
other required movement in fancy weaving. The said chain consists of links,
having at any desired position a projection which operates upon an indented
wheel of any number of spaces, so that when a projection on the chain acts
upon one of the projections on the wheel, a single or compound cam is partly
turned, and raises a lever which is connected either directly or indirectly with
the drop box, or to the lever for operating upon the pattern cylinder or other
required movement. The form of the chain may be reversed by employing
holes instead of projections, and allowing pointers or pins to fall into them in
the usual manner, but in both cases each link of the chain is of such a length
and receives such motion that four, six, eight, or more picks can be given by
one link. Instead of forming the links with only one projection or hole, we
may employ them in rows of two or more, and give the indented wheel or
pointers a lateral motion for the purpose of acting on the pattern cylinder, and
adapt it for weaving borders, edgings, or other requirements for fancy weaving.
The joints of the chain are connected together by split pins, which form a firm
joint, and enable the links to be changed without loss of time.
Fourthly, in an improved arrangement of the pegs on the pattern cylinder
which pegs are placed in two or more rows in each bar or lattice, so that wher
the cylinder shall be moved laterally, one or other series of pegs will act or
the hooks connected to the healds, and thus afford the means of weaving a
varied pattern of cloth, the revolution of the cylinder being obtained either by
a pin wheel and star wheel, or by other suitable movement from any of the
working parts of the loom. The hooks are pushed back to give freedom to

page_text: the pegs during their lateral motion by means of a lever or faller acted upon
by one of the treddles, or by a triangular shaft having a revolving motion,
regulated by my improved leading or pattern chain.
Fifthly, in improved modes of giving motion to the treddles which work the
hooks attached to the healds. The treddles are connected by a rod or rods to
one or more cranks or levers on the oscillating shaft, so that as the latter
vibrates the treddles will move up and down according to the proportion of
their points of connection, the oscillating shaft being worked by a rack geared
into an oval wheel, the back of the rack being formed so as to allow the teeth
to gear with the varied diameters of the wheel.
Sixthly, in causing the oscillating shaft to give motion to tappets or cams
for acting on the treddles, as required for ordinary weaving.
Seventhly, the application of jacks or quadrant levers to pulleys for sus-
pending the healds, which pulleys work above the jacks, and below the heald
roller shaft.
Eighthly, in improved modes of connecting the hooks with the jacks for
opening the shed, top and bottom, both ways, so that when one hook is put on
the treddle the other hook is taken off by the same peg, the treddles also
closing the shed.
Ninthly, in an improved form of jacquard hook, consisting of two parts, one
above the other, one part employed for shutting and the other for opening the
shed.
And, tenthly, the application of such of the aforesaid improvements as may
be desired to looms in which the ordinary crank and tappet shafts are
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Henry and James Edward Hyde Andrew in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 24th February 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOSEPH
HENRY, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, and JAMES EDWARD HYDE
ANDREW, of Audenshaw, in the said County, Machinists, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said Joseph Henry and James Edward Hyde Andrew, Her special
licence that we, the said Joseph Henry and James Edward Hyde Andrew,

page_text: our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
Joseph Henry and James Edward Hyde Andrew, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Joseph Henry and James Edward Hyde
Andrew, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the
hand and seal of one of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Joseph Henry and James Edward
Hyde Andrew, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement (that is to say) :-
Our Invention consists, firstly, in various improvements connected with the
picking motion of looms.
Secondly, in the application of the sun-and-planet system of gearing to the
taking-up and letting-off motions of a loom.
Thirdly, in an improved leading or pattern chain for regulating the up-and-
down motion of the drop box, and also the to-and-fro motion of the pattern
cylinder or other required movement in fancy weaving.
Fourthly, in an improved arrangement of the pegs on the pattern cylinder
or lattice.
Fifthly, in an improved form and arrangement of jacquard hooks.
Sixthly, in improved modes of giving motion to the treddles which work
the hooks attached to the healds.
Seventhly, the application of jacks and quadrant levers to the pulleys to
which the healds are suspended.
Eighthly, in improved modes of connecting the hooks with the jacks and
quadrant levers, for the purpose of opening the shed, top and bottom, both
ways, so that when one hook is put on the treddle, the other hook is taken off
by the same peg, the treddle also closing the shed.
Ninthly, in the application of such of the aforesaid improvements as may be
desired to looms in which the rotary tappet shaft and ordinary crank shaft are
employed.

page_text: These improvements will be clearly understood by referring to the Figures
on the accompanying four Sheets of Drawings.
Fig. 1 is a front elevation of the main parts of a loom having an oscillating
shaft for working the treddles, to which loom some of our improvements are
applied; Figs. 2 and 3, end views of the same; Fig. 4, a plan of some of the
parts; Fig. 5, an end view of the treddles, hooks, and oscillating shaft; Fig. 6,
an enlarged view of the taking-up motion; and Figs. 7, 8, 9, and 10, are
views of detached parts drawn to about their full dimensions.
The picking sticks a work horizontally, and motion is given to them by
means of a lug 6 on each fly wheel; each lug comes in contact with an arm c
on a diagonal rocking shaft d working in the bearings e and f. At the lower;
part of the diagonal shaft there is a frame or projection 9 carrying a stud, on
which works the conical roller or bowl h, which gives movement to the bent.
lever i connected at the opposite end to the picking stick by means of the
stud j. The lever i works on the fulcrum k, which is of such a distance from
the point of connection j, that when the lever i is raised or lifted, the picker is
caused to move in a nearly horizontal line. The diagonal rocking shaft d is
placed in such a position, that when motion is given to it, the conical bowl h
rises, and thereby acts upon the lever i. Each rocking shaft has also a
shoulder 1, which is operated upon by the tappet m on the oscillating shaft n,
so that the arm c shall be out of the way of the lug when the opposite
pick is given.
Our improved taking-up motion by means of sun-and-planet gearing is
shewn in Figs. 1, 2, and 6. On the shaft o of the taking-up beam P is fixed.
a toothed wheel q, at the side of which is another toothed wheel r, of a
different number of teeth, that is, one, two, three, or more teeth than the
number of the wheel g; the wheel is stationary, and is maintained so by
fixing its boss to the loom side s, or in any other suitable manner. The said
boss forms a bearing for the ratchet wheel t, which has motion imparted to it
by the catch or ratchet u working on the lever v, which has a vibrating motion
given to it by the oscillation of the tappet won the oscillating shaft n. On
the ratchet wheel t there is a stud carrying a pinion x, of such length as to
extend over the width of the two wheels q and r, so that as the pinion turns
over them, and has passed over the entire circumference of the two wheels, it
shall have moved the wheel q, and consequently the beam p, a distance
corresponding with the difference of the number of teeth and diameters of the
wheels and r, which distance is obtained by a series of consecutive move-
ments of the ratchet wheel and pinion, the length of each being determined
by the number of teeth; the catch u is made to move the ratchet wheel at
9

page_text: each vibration of the oscillating shaft. The aforesaid system of sun-and-planet
gearing is also employed as a letting-off motion by applying it to the yarn
beam, which beam after every movement is locked against the tension of the
yarn or cloth in consequence of the peculiar external action of the pinion x.
One modification of our improved leading or pattern chain, and its appli-
cation for regulating the sliding motion of the pattern cylinder, is represented
in Figs. 1 and 2. The said chain consists of any required number of links a',
two of which are shewn at about their full dimensions in Figs. 8 and 9; some
of the links are plain or blank, as at 6', but others have teeth or projections,
as at c', and the joints are formed with internal projections d', which fit
recesses of a similar shape in the barrel, so that the links may be firm and
steady upon the barrel as they advance onwards. The links are jointed or
connected together by split pins e¹, which form a firm joint, and enable the
links to be changed without loss of time. The barrel which carries the
aforesaid chain is shewn at f', fixed to the shaft g', to which motion is given
by means of the star wheel h¹ and pin wheel k', which is fastened to the spur
wheel gearing into the spur wheel m³ on the crank shaft n¹. When the
barrel is turned, the chain is brought forward, and the projections or teeth c¹
give motion to the indented wheel o¹, which operates upon a cam p³, also
shewn enlarged in Fig. 7. The said cam acts upon the bowl q' in the lever r³,
one end of which is connected by the rod s¹ to another lever t¹, which com-
municates by the shaft u¹ to the clutch lever v', fitting a recess at the end of
the pattern cylinder w¹, which is thereby moved to and fro, so as to bring the
desired line of pegs into operation when the lever r' is moved up and down.
The form of the chain may be reversed by employing holes instead of pro-
jections, and causing them to give motion to the wheel which operates upon
the cam.
Whether holes or projections are employed, each link of the chain
receives such motion, that one, two, four, six, eight, or more picks can be
given by one link. For example, in the arrangement shewn in Figs. 1 and 2,
the pin wheel k¹ makes one revolution for two picks, inasmuch as the toothed
wheel is of twice the diameter of the toothed wheel m¹ on the cranked shaft,
and as the star wheel h¹ is of twenty divisions, and the barrel f¹ of five
divisions, there is a necessity of four movements of the star wheel to advance
the barrel the distance of one link, which distance is made up by four equal
movements proportional to the difference of the diameters of the barrel and
star wheel; thus, when one link has been advanced, eight picks have been
given. If two pins are placed on the pin wheel at equal distances apart
the entire distance of the link will be advanced for four picks, that is, one
pick for each movement of the star wheel and barrel. If the pin wheel makes

page_text: one revolution for four picks, then sixteen picks will have to be given during
the passage of one link, and so on for any number of picks desired, it being
understood that the number of divisions of the star wheel, and also those of
the barrel, may be varied to any number required, the speed of the pin wheel
being regulated according to circumstances.
Our improved arrangement of the pegs on the pattern cylinder or lattice
consists in placing the said pegs in two or more rows in each lag or division,
so that when the cylinder shall be moved laterally, one or other series of pegs
will act on the hooks connected to the healds, and thus afford the means of
weaving a varied pattern of cloth, the revolution of the cylinder being obtained
by a pin wheel and star wheel, or by any other suitable movement from any of
the working parts of the loom. In Fig. 10 we represent a part of a lattice
having two rows of pegs, each row forming a separate pattern, and operating
at different times, the time each row remains in action being regulated by
our improved leading or pattern chain, shewn in Figs. 1, 2, 8, and 9; but
when more varieties of cloth have to be woven, we employ lags having a
greater number of rows of pegs, their change of position being regulated by
another modification of our leading or pattern chain.
One form and arrangement of our improved jacquard hook is shewn at p¹,
in Figs. 1 and 5; it is made with a projection q' at the bottom, which is acted
upon by a treddler for opening the shed, and is also furnished with another
projection s' at or about the middle, which is acted upon by a bar or lever t¹
for the purpose of bringing the hooks level, and thereby closing the shed..
On the other side of the hook there is a projection u', against which the
pattern pins act, but of such dimensions that when the shed is opened the
pegs on the cylinder or lattice will have a clear passage across
The top of
the hook is extended at right angles, in order to enable the poin tof connection
with the heald to be placed at a certain required distance from the body, so.
as to enable the hook to fall backwards by its own weight towards the pins
of the pattern cylinder or lattice when the bottom treddle r' rises and leaves
the lower projection q'.
One of our improved modes of giving motion to the treddles which work
the hooks attached to the healds is shown in Figs. 4 and 5. To the
oscillating shaft n is attached a short crank v³, which is connected by the
bent rod w' to the treddle r¹, which acts upon the lower projections of the
hooks, and causes the opening of the shed when the shaft n vibrates. The
closing of the shed is caused by the bar or lever t¹ which is brought down by
the cam or eccentric a fixed to the oscillating shaft n, and the bar or lever t¹

page_text: is raised by the upward movement of the hooks when forming the shed
When the two projections on the hooks are about the same level, and tw
treddles are worked upon one centre or pin, one for opening, and the othe
for closing the shed, motion is given to them by connecting them to crank
fixed to the oscillating shaft in such positions that when one treddle is dow
the other is up. The oscillating shaft n, shewn in Figs. 1, 2 and 4, whethe
for fancy or ordinary looms, is worked by attaching to the said shaft a
eccentric toothed wheel a², which is geared into a rack 63, connected at on
end to the crank c² fixed to the shaft or spindle of the second toothed wheel
there being a guard or keeper d² to maintain it in its place. The alternat
to-and-fro movement of the eccentric toothed wheel a² gives the required
oscillating motion of the shaft n, and from the peculiar form of the wheel a
the necessary dwell is obtained when the shuttle is propelled across the slay
or lathe. When desired, an oval toothed wheel may be employed instead o
the eccentric, it being only required to curve the rack so as to keep it always
in gear.
In Figs. 1 and 3 we represent our improved application of the quadrant
levers and pulleys. The quadrant levers e are attached to pulleys f, in such
manner that one pair of levers is attached to two healds by placing the
pulleys beneath the levers, thus requiring only one-half the number of quadrant
levers that are generally used; the tops of each pair of levers being also
connected to cords which encircle the upper pulleys g³, suspended by straps
or any suitable material to the rollers h² on the roller shaft 2, which is sup-
ported by the arms ³, working in the bearings fixed to the framework of the
loom, the other ends of the arms being maintained in the position required
when yielding to the movement of the quadrant levers by the springs m².
In Fig. 11 we represent a front elevation of the main parts of a loom having
a rotary shaft brought to the front for working the treddles, to which loom
other modifications of our improvements are attached, as may be also those
which have been already described. Fig. 12 is a transverse elevation; Fig. 13,
a transverse section; and Fig. 14, part of a plan of the same; and Figs. 15,
16, 17, and 18, being detached views of some of the working parts. Instead
of employing an oscillating shaft for working the treadles and pickers, we use
a rotary shaft brought to the front of the healds; the said rotary shaft is
shewn at a³, fixed to which is the toothed wheel b³, geared by means of the
intermediate wheel c³, with the toothed wheel d³ on the crank shaft 6.
The diagonal rocking shafts d of our improved picking motion are made to
vibrate by causing the arm f³ on one of the shafts to be acted upon by a

page_text: Jug 93 on the toothed wheel b³, and the other arm h³ by another lug ³ on
the disc fixed to the rotary shaft, the other parts connected with the picking
motion being similar to those before described.
Our improved taking-up motion is worked by the double tappet m³ fixed
to one end of the rotary shaft a³, which tappet operates upon the lever n³ and
catch o³.
For working the drop box of a loom we employ an improved cam chain,
the action of which is regulated by the leading chain before described. The
said cam chain, a few links of which are shewn at p³, works on the barrel q³,
connected to the star wheel rs, which is acted upon as desired by the pins s³
in the double pin wheel t³, also shewn detached in Figs. 15, 16, 17, and 18.
The said pin wheel is fixed to the crank shaft e³, and consequently makes
one revolution for every pick, but the pins are fixed to a block u³, and are
capable of sliding to and fro so as to be in or out of gear with the star wheel
3; they are kept out of gear by the spring v³, which presses against the block
3, but they are pushed into gear by a wedge fixed to or forming part of
the lever w³, the incline of the wedge coming in contact with certain inclines
23 on the block us when the lever is raised for the purpose, by the tappet
wheel y³ connected to the indented wheel 23, which is operated upon by the
teeth of our improved leading or pattern chain, the position of the teeth
being arranged according to the required pattern. The links p³ of the cam
chain are formed of different depths suited to the number of shuttles employed,
and as they move onwards come in contact with the bowl at on the ba
6', which is connected by the rod c* to another lever d' attached by the rod or
rods to the shuttle box frame f*, so that according to the depth of the
link under the bowl a', the corresponding shuttle will be brought level with
the top of the slay or lathe.
One feature of our improvements is that the picker receives the shuttle
upon its arrival in the drop box, after which the picker recedes in order to
allow the drop box to change its position, which advanced position is obtained
by placing on the side of the toothed wheel b a slight projection g', as shewn in
Fig. 20, which projection acts upon the arm f³, on the diagonal rocking
shaft d, and by slightly depressing it causes the conical bowl to rise and
bring forward the picker to the required position, the receding motion being
caused by a spring in the usual manner. The picker is again brought to its
advanced position up to the shuttle, similar to the manner before described, by
means of the projection h, previously to the pick being given by the lug g³.
The projection g' may also be placed on the disc ³, when a drop box is
employed on that side.

page_text: right angles a short
are connected by the
are connected by the
In Fig. 11 we represent one of our improved arrangements of jacquard
hooks, in which two hooks and k move simultaneously, so that when one
hook is put on the treddle the other hook is taken off; one peg only is
required for both operations, and the shed is closed by the top treddle. The
pattern. cylinder is made to revolve by any suitable mechanism, and also
caused to slide to and fro when required, each hook being made of the same
form as those shewn in Fig. 1. The hooks j and k represent the shed as
closed, the lower projection m³ on the hook j* being under the treddle n',
which projection m' has pushed back the projection o* on the other hook k*, so
as to be out of the way of the treddle n*. When there is no peg to act upon
the hook j, and there is a vacancy, then both hooks fall back as shewn by the
dotted lines, their points of suspension being placed at
distance from the bodies of the hooks. The hooks
cords p to the bottom of the healds q', and the hooks
cords or wires passing between the healds to the inner ends of the lower
jacks or levers s' and t, above which are other jacks or levers u* and *, all of
which work on fulcrums. fixed to the framework of the loom; but elasticity may
be given to the fulcrums when required. The jack u* is connected to the jack t*
by the rod w; and the jack is attached to the jack s by a similar connection,
and so on for any number of jacks, their outer ends being connected by the
cords to the tops of the healds 9'. When the hooks are brought down
by the treddle n', the healds q* are brought down also, and pull down by the
orts the outer ends of the jacks, their inner ends rising at the same time,
and by means of the connecting cords draw up the hooks k. But the hooks
shewn by the dotted lines are reversed in their action; thus, when the hooks k
are brought down by the treddle n', the inner ends of the jacks are drawn down
also by the wires or cords r³, thus raising the healds by the means of the outer
cords, the shed being closed by the top treddle y drawing down the hooks
that were before raised, and consequently raising the hooks that had been
depressed, until both are at the same level.
In Fig. 13. the internal tappet for working the two treddles n* and y' is
shewn at, it is placed at the front of the healds on the rotary shaft a³; the
full lines of the treddles represent their positions when the shed is closed, and
the dotted lines when the shed is open, and we may also employ an external
tappet in the same position.
In Fig. 21 we represent another of our improved modes of working the
treddles, drawn to an enlarged scale. The rotary tappet shaft is shewn at a³,
upon I which is fixed the oval toothed wheel a³, gearing into an eccentric toothed
wheel of half the circumference of the wheel as. The eccentric toothed

page_text: wheel 6 revolves on the axis c³, and is connected by the rod d³ to the treddle e³,
for opening the shed. Either fixed to the shaft as or the wheel as is the
tappet f, which presses down the top bar or treddle when the shed is to be
closed, the bar being lifted up by the upward movement of the hooks. The
different diameters of the oval and eccentric wheels causes the required amount
of dwell when the pick is given; but instead of the aforesaid wheels, round
wheels may be employed when preferred.
In Fig. 22 we represent an improved mode of working the treddles when
weaving twilled cloth, and also the method of connecting them to the healds.
Upon the rotary tappet shaft a³, which is in front of the healds, is fixed a
spur wheel g, which gears into the toothed wheel h³, on each side of which is
fixed a twill tappet placed in opposite positions. The bowls ³ and 75 fit in
the grooves of the tappet and work on studs fixed to the treddles or levers m³
and no; the bowl works in the tappet on the opposite side of the toothed
wheel, and gives motion to the treddle m³. Each treddle is attached to a
cord oo, which rises from the point of connection to one of the healds, and
also descends from the same point of connection to a pulley p³, under which it
passes, and is then raised and connected to another of the healds, so that each
treddle works two healds, causing one heald to be up and the other down.
Other treddles may be worked by the same tappets, by placing their bowls
above the centre of the tappet, so that a greater number of healds may be
employed.
By employing a plain tappet and one treddle, in connection with the
cords o and pulleys p³, ordinary cloth can be woven, when placed on the
tappet shaft or on a second motion.
Fig. 23 represents our improved cam chain for regulating the movements
of the drop box; Figs. 24 and 25, front and end views of the barrel upon
which it works; and Figs. 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38,
39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58,
59, and 60, shew the links separately, the chain being adapted for a drop box
having five shuttles, but any other number may be used. The barrel q³ is
made with four divisions, instead of six or eight, as at present in use,
thereby enabling a cam chain to be used having links of gentler curves or
slopes. Fig. 26 is the form of link which allows the drop box to fall to its
lowest position, the others being the shapes of the links employed, as desired,
when working up to five shuttles. The links are put together by pins, and
work in the notches or recesses in the usual manner.
Instead of forming the links of our improved leading or pattern chain with
only one tooth or hole, as before described, we may place the teeth in rows of

page_text: two or more, and give the indented wheel or pointers, or the barrel upon
which the chain works, a lateral motion, for the purpose of acting upon the
drop box, pattern cylinder, or lattice, thus weaving borders, edgings, or other
long patterns.
If it is arranged that one row of teeth of each link of the chain should
work eight picks, then, if there are five rows of teeth, each link will be
equivalent to forty picks, or if ten rows, to eighty picks, but the links may be
moved every fourth pick, thus giving one hundred and sixty picks for each
link of the chain, and consequently a short chain can be adapted for a great
length of pattern.
In Figs. 61 and 62 we represent one arrangement for bringing the several
rows of teeth into action. The pattern chain is shewn at s working on the
barrel t attached to the star wheel us and the indented wheel at v, to which is
connected the cam for operating upon the lever which gives movement to the
pattern cylinder, lattice, or drop box. On the pattern chain, for its total
length, there is a peg or projection w, which at each entire passage of the
chain comes in contact with the lever, at the opposite end of which is the
catch y, which acts upon the rack 2, fixed to which is an arm aº, which
clutches the boss of the indented wheel v³. At each movement of the lever a
the catch moves the rack one tooth, and also the indented wheel, by sliding it
on its shaft from one row of the pegs 6 to another on the pattern chain, the
catch co being employed to prevent the return of the rack. To the lever a³ is
also connected another catch do, which operates upon a ratchet wheel eo,
shifting it a tooth at each movement of the lever, and giving motion to two
compound cams f and 9, which are fast to the ratchet wheel. There is a
bowl attached to the catch, which is acted upon by the cam fo, so that when
the catch ys has advanced the indented wheel va sufficient distance, and the
dwell is there desired, the cam f raises the catch y, and holds it there,
according to the length of any projecting portion h of the cam, as shewn in
Fig. 63. The catch co has also a bowl, operated upon by the cam 96, so that
when it is required for the rack to go back, the catch is raised by one of the
projections on the cam 96, shewn in Fig. 64, the catch y³ having at the
same time been raised by one of the projections on the cam f. The rack,
being thus at liberty, is brought back by a spring or other movement to its
first or any required row of pattern pegs on the chain.
In Fig. 65 we represent our improved arrangement of two sets of jacquard
books placed on the outside of the loom, and also the mode in which they
act upon the healds. The two hooks move simultaneously, so that when one
hook is put on the treddle, the other hook is taken off, one peg only of the

page_text: pattern cylinder or lattice being required for both operations.
The two sets
The hooks 16
of hooks are shewn at land me, and the pattern cylinder at n°.
are attached by the cords of to one end of the jacks po, the other ends of which
are connected by the cords q° to the tops of the healds re for the purpose of
raising them, and for depressing them the other hooks me are employed, their
tops being connected to cords so, which pass over the pulleys to and are attached
to one end of the lower jacks us, the other ends of which are connected by the
cords to the bottom of the bealds 26. The lower treddle for pulling down
the hooks is shewn at w, and the bar or lever for bringing them level at æº,
and their action is similar to those before described.
Instead of the aforesaid two sets of hooks, one set of hooks similar to those
shewn in Fig. 1, may be worked on the outside of the loom, the hooks being
attached by cords to jacks connected to the bottom of the healds, the tops of
which are attached to our improved spring tops; or the springs and levers
shewn at the top in Figs. 1 and 3, may, when the hooks are placed outside, be
worked at the lower part of the loom under the healds, the jacks in connection
with the hooks being placed over the top; the treddles on the outside of the
loom, and also the pattern cylinder, being worked by suitable mechanism.
In Figs. 66, 67, 68, 69, and 70, we represent an improved application of one
or more jacks supported upon an elastic bearing and working in connection with
quadrant levers or healds. The tops of the heald shafts are shewn at a' and b',
two of which are connected at each side of one quadrant lever by the cords c',
which pass over pulleys working on studs or pins fixed to the said quadrant
levers, above which is the jack d', the fulcrum e' of which is fixed to the
spring f, or other elastic bearing, the ends of the spring being held upon
supports 97, attached to the framework of the loom, the spring having at each
end slots h to enable it to yield according to the pressure upon it. At each
end of the jack d' is a stud or pin carrying the bowls or pulleys 7 and 7, over
which are passed the cords m' attached to the four pairs of quadrant levers;
the cord which passes over the pulley is connected to the quadrant levers n'
and o at the back, and the cord which passes over the pulley is connected
to the quadrant levers p7 and 97 at the front, the four aforesaid quadrant levers
being connected to eight healds, so that if one half the healds be depressed the
other half will be drawn up; thus, if the shaft a' is pulled down the shaft 6" is
drawn up by the cords c passing over the pulleys of the quadrant lever p', but
if the quadrant levers n' and p7 are pulled down, the quadrant levers o' and q7
will be drawn up by the action of the cords m' which pass over the pulleys k
and on the jack d. But if the quadrants p and q be pulled down the
cords m' will depress the end of the jack at ', and thereby raise the opposite

page_text: end k", thus drawing up the quadrant levers n' and 0%, and so on, the spring f"
yielding to any inequality of action, and also when more than half the healds
are pulled down. By attaching extra bowls or pulleys to the jack d', more
quadrant levers or healds can be worked, or the same can be accomplished by
having one or more extra jacks similar to d placed diagonally, according to
the requirements; the jack or jacks d may be connected directly to the
healds. The whole of the aforesaid arrangements may be reversed by placing
them under the healds.
In Fig. 71 we shew a different arrangement of the bottom of the picking
stick; it is formed with two slots working on the pins, which can be shifted
separately, so as to regulate the exact action of the picker.
In Fig. 72 we represent another arrangement for working the picking
stick. On the rotary shaft as is the disc s fixed to which is the projection t",
which comes in contact with the bowl u working on the lever, the
other end of which is fitted to the picking stick at w', and works on a
fulcrum a fixed to the rocking shaft y', so that when the projection t comes
in contact with the bowl u', the lever is pressed outwards and the picking
stick thrown inwards.
In Figs. 73 and 74 we shew another method of operating upon the picking
stick. The rotary shaft a³ is driven by the toothed wheel 27, on which is the
lug or projection a³, which as the wheel z revolves, comes in contact with the
arm 68 on the horizontal rocking shaft c³, which is attached by a strap d³ or
other connection to the bent lever es, to the opposite end of which the picking
stick is connected, and when the arm 68 is acted upon by the lug a³, the bent
lever is raised, and the picking stick thrown inwards.
In Figs. 75 and 76 we also shew another arrangement for acting upon the
picking stick. To the bent lever fs working on a fulcrum, and connected to
the picking stick as before described, is attached a strap g³, the other end of
which is fixed to a lever h³, which is acted upon by a bowl or tappet k³ on the
toothed wheels fixed to the rotary shaft a³, so that at each revolution of the
toothed wheels, the bowl k raises the lever h³, and consequently the bent
lever f, and throws forward the picking stick, the stop m³ being fixed at the
position the lever h³ is required to fall.
In Figs. 77, 78, 79, and 80 we represent the pickers connected to our
improved picking motions; each of the said pickers consists of a metal cylinder
or boss ns, having a cavity, the form of which is shewn by the dotted lines in
Figs. 77 and 80, into which pieces of leather or other suitable material are
forced. The cavity is formed with necks 08 and p³, which not only afford
resistance against the blow, but strengthen the boss or cylinder of the picker

page_text: at the end of the neck, the inside collars supporting the leather or material,
and preventing any burr from rising. The aforesaid pickers are applied to
the horizontal picking sticks, those shewn in Figs. 77 and 78 are adapted for
looms with the ordinary single box, and those in Figs. 79 and 80 for looms
having a drop box, the pickers being fastened to the sticks 98 either by
screws or by any other means.
Having thus fully described the nature and particulars of our said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, we desire it to be
distinctly understood that we do not confine ourselves to the precise details
herein set forth, as such may be varied or modified without departing from
the principle thereof.
In witness whereof, we, the said Joseph Henry and James Edward
Hyde Andrew, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-
third day of February, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and sixty.
Witness,
E. J. HUGHES.
JOSEPH HENRY.
(L.S.)
JAMES EDWARD HYDE ANDREW. (L.S.)
Patent Agent, Manchester.