IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND FITTINGS."
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William D'Alton Mann, of Mobile, in the United
States of America, at present residing at the Langham Hotel,
Langham Place, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES
AND FITTINGS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William D'Alton Mann
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 9th April 1873.
I, WILLIAM D'ALTON MANN, of Mobile, in the United States of
America, at present residing at the Langham Hotel, Langham Place,
in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY
CARRIAGES AND FITTINGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates partly to improvements on the Invention for
which Letters Patent were granted to me bearing date the 11th day of

page_text: October 1872, No. 2998, and has for its object the affording a more
convenient means of communication between the several passenger
compartments and the service and baggage room provided in the same
carriage, the carriage is also fitted with a more efficient mode of warming
the interior thereof by an improved arrangement of hot water apparatus,
which is specially adapted for use on railway carriages whether of the
ordinary or of my improved internal arrangement.
It has already been proposed to adopt state rooms or compart-
ments placed on one side of a railway carriage with passages on
the opposite side of the carriage, such passages having no communi-
cation with the said state rooms or compartments, which have also
a longitudinal passage or thoroughfare through them, so that the
said compartments may be either isolated or thrown open to the rest
of the carriage, which carriage is entered by a central door at each end
thereof.
Now one part of my Invention consists in combining together in one
carriage a number of separate or isolated compartments communicating
directly by private doors (of which the attendant alone may possess the
key) with side passages or corridors leading to a combined service and
baggage room in charge of a travelling attendant or porter. The said
passages or corridors as well as the several compartments may be entered
directly by the passengers through the usual side doors in the carriage,
and if desired the passengers from one or more compartments may have
free access to the passage or corridor in common therewith through the
before-mentioned private doors in the side or end of the said passages.
One or more of the compartments may be fitted up or furnished with
transverse sleeping berths, dressing room (separated by a curtain or
door from the sleeping chamber) furnished with watercloset, urinal,
and lavatory, (supplied with hot and cold water, mirrors, and other
requisites,) as set forth in the Specification of my said former Patent.
Or a watercloset and a lavatory with the requisite fittings may be
situate in the passage common to two or more compartments.
Or
in lieu of having special side passages or corridors with private
doors therein, each dressing room or separated space in the several
compartments may be provided with a private door of communi-
cation in the dividing partition for affording access on the part of the
attendant.

page_text: The boiler or hot water apparatus is so arranged and disposed with
reference to the floor of the carriage as that the return flow pipe shall
enter the same at a lower level than the floor. For this purpose I sink
the bottom of the boiler (whether of the vertical or horizontal con-
struction) below the floor of the carriage, and cause the return flow
pipe, (which with the main heating pipe is placed on or in the floor)
to dip downwards before entering the boiler. If the boiler be of a
horizontal construction it may be placed entirely below the floor of the
carriage, and its furnace be supplied with fuel from the outside of the
carriage.
In connection with the said boiler there is an expansion pipe which
extends from the highest point in the boiler or circulating pipes into a
separate and special expansion tank which is situate at a higher level
than the tank which supply's the boiler with water, in lieu of causing
such expansion pipe to communicate with the boiler supply tank as
heretofore.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William D'Alton Mann in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 8th October 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
D'ALTON MANN, of Mobile, in the United States of America, at present
residing at the Langham Hotel, Langham Place, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said William D'Alton Mann, Her special license
that I, the said Willian D'Alton Mann, my executors, administrators,

page_text: and assigns, or such others as I, the said William D'Alton Mann, my
executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND FITTINGS," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William D'Alton Mann,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William D'Alton Mann, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to
Bay:
:-
My said Invention relates partly to improvements on the Invention
for which Letters Patent were granted to me bearing date the Eleventh
day of October One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, No. 2998,
and has for its object the affording a more convenient means of com-
munication between the several passenger compartments and the service
and baggage room provided in the same carriage, the carriage is also
fitted with a more efficient mode of warming the interior thereof by an
improved arrangement of hot water apparatus, which is specially adapted
for use in railway carriages whether of the ordinary or of my improved
internal arrangement.
It has already been proposed to adopt state rooms or compartments
placed on one side of a railway carriage with passages on the opposite
side of the carriage, such passages having no direct communication with
the said state rooms or compartments, which have also a longitudinal
passage or thoroughfare through them, so that the said compartments
may be either isolated or thrown open to the rest of the carriage, which
carriage is entered by a central door at each end thereof.

page_text: Now one part of my Invention consists in combining together in one
carriage a number of separate or isolated compartments communicating
directly by private doors (of which the attendant alone may possess the
key), with side passages or corridors leading to a combined service and
baggage room in charge of a travelling attendant or porter. The said
passages or corridors as well as the several compartments may be
entered directly by the passengers through the usual side doors in the
carriage, and if desired the passengers from one or more compartments
may have free access to the passage or corridor in common therewith
through the before-mentioned private doors in the side or end of the
said passages. One or more of the compartments may be fitted up or
furnished with transverse sleeping berths, and provided with a dressing
room which is separated by a curtain or door from the sleeping chamber,
and is furnished with watercloset, urinal, and lavatory (supplied with
hot and cold water), mirrors, and other requisites, as set forth in the
Specification of my said former Patent. Or a watercloset and a lavatory
with the requisite fittings may be situate in the side passage common
to two or more compartments. Or in lieu of having special side
passages or corridors with private doors therein, each dressing room or
separated space in the several compartments may be provided with a
private door of communication in the dividing partition for affording
access on the part of the attendant. The boiler or hot water apparatus
is so arranged and disposed with reference to the floor of the carriage
as that the return flow pipe shall enter the same at a lower level than
the floor. For thus purpose I sink the bottom of the boilor (whether
of the vertical or horizontal construction) below the floor of the carriage,
and cause the return flow pipe (which with the main heating pipe is
placed on or in the floor) to dip downwards before entering the boiler.
If the boiler be of a horizontal construction it may be placed entirely
below the floor of the carriage, and its furnace be supplied with fuel
from the outside of the carriage.
In connection with the said boiler there is an expansion pipe which
extends from the highest point in the boiler or circulating pipes into a
separate and special expansion pipe tank, which is situate at a higher
level than the tank which supplys the boiler with water, in lieu of
causing such expansion pipe to communicate with the boiler supply
tank as heretofore. The said boiler not only serves to warm the

page_text: When required for night use the seats are drawn out as described in
the Specification of my said Patent No. 2998, /72, and shewn on the
left hand of compartment 2, to afford sufficient width and length for
reclining upon.
Above each of the lower sleeping surfaces are suspended one or two
other berths made to lift up horizontally near to the roof when not
required for use, as also described in my said former Specification. One
of these upper berths E" is shewn ready for use in Figure 3. This
compartment 1 is provided with the usual side entrances G, G, and with
a private door H for the use of the attendant alone, such door commu-
nicating with the passage or corridor I. The said door H is fastened
from the outside by a lock of which the travelling attendant alone
possesses the key, but may be opened by the occupants of the compart-
ment from the inside at any time when required.
Along one side of the said passage or corridor there are constructed
the two compartments 2 and 3 which both communicate by sliding or
other doors K, K, with the corridor I, whilst they are also each provided
with the ordinary entrance doors in the carriage at L, L. The corridor I
As both these
is entered from the outside by an ordinary door L'.
compartments 2 and 3 are completely isolated from the rest of the
passenger compartments they may be used together for one large family
or party, or if required may be used separately for two smaller parties,
the watercloset M and lavatory N with mirror N (Figure 3) which are
situate in the opposite ends of the corridor I being common to the two
compartments.
The compartment 2 accommodates six persons, and the compartment 3
accommodates two persons, as shewn in the perspective view Figure 3; O
is a private door of communication between the corridor I and the
attendant's room 6. In this room which also serves as the baggage room
there are provided an elevated berth P (indicated by a dotted line)
situate near the roof, the carriage for the use of the attendant, and a
boiler or hot water heating apparatus Q in connection with hot water or
steam circulating pipes, which pipes are here shown as being sunk into
a metal trough below the level of the floor and covered with an orna-
mental grating R. There is also provided a coal bunker S, lavatory T,
and the requisite closets or lockers for linen or light refreshments.
this room 6 which is entered from the outside by the ordinary doors U,U,
In

page_text: there is another private door V leading to the second passage or
corridor W, which affords excess to the compartments 4 and 5. These
compartments which may either be fitted up as first or second class com-
partments are entered from the outside by the usual doors X, X. The
compartment 4 is intended for gentlemen travelling singly and will
accommodate six persons. It is provided with a curtain at Y or with a
sliding or other door if preferred to enable the attendant to enter from
the corridor W. The seats may or may not be provided with hinged
arm rests Z which can be turned up out of the way (as shewn on the
left hand seat) when the seat is required for reclining upon.
The compartment 5 contains two beds for a small family or ladies, and
is entered from without by the ordinary door X and by the attendant
from the corridor by the wide sliding or other door a. The watercloset
and urinal 6 and lavatory c at opposite ends of the
common to both the compartments 4 and 5.
corridor W are
Bell pulls communicating with gongs and indicators in the attendant's
room are provided in every compartment, so that the attendant can be
summoned at any hour of the day or night for supplying light refresh-
ment or otherwise attending to the wants of the passengers.
I shall now proceed to describe my improved arrangement of hot 2
water apparatus for warming my improved or other railway carriages.
It consists of a boiler Q so disposed with reference to the floor of the
carriage as that the return flow pipe d (Figure 2) shall enter the bottom
of the boiler at a lower level than the said floor. For this purpose the
bottom of the boiler Q (whether the same be of the vertical class as 2
shown in my Drawings, or of the horizontal construction) is sunk below
the floor of the carriage, as shewn clearly in Figure 2 of my Drawings,
and the return flow pipe d (which with the main heating pipe e is
placed on or in the floor) is caused to dip downwards before entering the
boiler (see Figure 2). When of the horizontal construction the boiler 3
may be supported by suitable brackets or other supports entirely below
the floor of the carriage, its furnace being supplied with fuel from the
outside of the carriage; f is an expansion pipe which is connected to the
highest point of circulation, whether in the boiler or in the main circu-
lating pipe, as the case may be, and this expansion pipe opens at its 3.
upper end into a separate special expansion tank g, which must be situate
at a higher level than the tank which supplies the boiler with water

page_text: hrough the feed pipe i. The said boiler fulfils the double function of
heater for warming the carriages and a hot water boiler for supplying
he various lavatories with hot water through special supply pipes, and
ence the necessity for always keeping the said boiler in communication
vith an adequate supply tank h, which immediately makes good any
leficiency in the boiler arising from the drawing of water for the supply
a heater for warming the carriages and a hot water boiler for supplying
the various lavatories with hot water through special supply pipes, and
hence the necessity for always keeping the said boiler in communication
with an adequate supply tank h, which immediately makes good any
deficiency in the boiler arising from the drawing of water for the supply
of the lavatories.
Figure 4 is a horizontal section of a railway carriage for day and
night use wherein the means for affording access by the attendant to
any of the separate compartments is slightly modified.
In Figure 4 four separate and distinct passenger compartments,
numbered respectively 1, 2, 3, and 4, are provided, the three first being
fitted up as first-class compartments, and the one number 4 as a second-
class, in addition to which is. the compartment numbered 5 for the
baggage and attendant, fitted up with all the requirements herein-before
referred to.
In lieu of the attendant gaining access to the different compartments
by an outside foot rail, as described in my said former Specification, or
by the internal corridors or passages I and W, illustrated in Figures 1
and 3, I propose to form a door of communication H in each of the
partitions which separate the several compartments 1, 2, and 3, from
one another, the attendant alone possessing the pass key of the said
doors. These doors are made to open into the different dressing rooms A
of each of the said compartments, which dressing rooms are divided or
separated from the actual sleeping chamber by curtains at Y, Y. Each
of the said compartments 1, 2, 3, contains two or more sleeping berths
E, E¹, arranged as described in my said former Specification with its own
dressing room, a lavatory A' (supplied with hot and cold water),
watercloset B, urinal C, mirrors, and all other ordinary requisites, and
is entered by the passengers by the usual side doors G, G, of the
carriage. A moveable table F (see compartment 3) is also provided in
each of the said compartments, the seats of which are adjustable to
afford sleeping accommodation as already explained. O is the door
of communication with the service and baggage room No. 5 occupied
by the attendant, and fitted up as already described with a boiler Q and
hot water heating apparatus for warming the several compartments, a
linen closet k, coal bunker, gongs, and indicators, and the requisites for

page_text: the serving of light refreshment for the passengers when required,
whilst it, at the same time contains ample space for the stowage of
baggage. Within the service room 5 but divided therefrom by a curtain
at Y¹ is a second-class compartment 4 affording sleeping accommodation
for six passengers, there being two vertically sliding berths disposed over
each seat (such seats having hinged arm rests Z) as already explained.
This compartment is entered through the service room from the outside
by the ordinary doors G¹, G', but if preferred it may have a separate side
door of its own. A lavatory T (supplied with hot and cold water, and
furnished with mirrors), an enclosed watercloset b, and urinal c, with
private door d, are also provided in the service room for the use of
the occupants of the second-class compartment.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used
or carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider
to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured
to me by the herein-before in part recited Letter Patent is,-
First. The combination in a railway carriage of separate or isolated
compartments with internal passages or corridors communicating with
a combined service and baggage room, and having private doors of
communication with each passenger compartment, substantially in the
manner and for the purpose herein-before described and illustrated by
Figures 1 and 3 of the Drawings annexed.
Second. The combination in a railway carriage of a combined service
and baggage room and separate or isolated compartments for passengers,
each compartment being provided with sleeping berths, a dressing room,
lavatory, and watercloset of its own, and having a private door of
communication in the dressing room for the use of the attendant in
charge of the carriage, the whole being arranged substantially in the
manner and for the purpose herein-before described and illustrated by
Figure 4 of the Drawings annexed.
Third. The peculiar construction and arrangement of hot water
heating apparatus for warming railway carriages, wherein the return
flow pipe is caused to enter the boiler at a lower level than the floor
of the carriage, the expansion pipe is caused to enter a special and
separate tank placed at a higher level than the boiler supply tank,
and the boiler is caused to supply the several lavatories in the carriage

page_text: with hot water, substantially as herein-before described and illustrated in
Figures 1 and 2 of the Drawings annexed.
Fourth. The general combinations and arrangements of parts con-
stituting a railway sleeping carriage wherein the several passenger
compartments are isolated from each other, substantially in the manner
and for the purpose herein-before described and illustrated on the
Drawings annexed.
with hot water, substantially as herein-before described and illustrated in
Figures 1 and 2 of the Drawings annexed.
Fourth. The general combinations and arrangements of parts con-
stituting a railway sleeping carriage wherein the several passenger
compartments are isolated from each other, substantially in the manner
and for the purpose herein-before described and illustrated on the
Drawings annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said William D'Alton Mann, have
to this my Specification, set my hand and seal, the Sixth day
of October One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
WILLIAM D'ALTON MANN. (L.B.)