IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR CRUSHING AND GRINDING MINERAL AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Vincent. Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughts-
man, for the Invention of "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR CRUSHING AND
GRINDING MINERAL AND OTHER SUBSTANCES."—A communication.
GRINDING MINERAL AND OTHER SUBSTANCES.
communication.
Sealed the 6th July 1855, and dated the 19th April 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Vincent Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 19th April 1855.
I, ALFRED VINCENT. NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman; do hereby declare the
nature of the. said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR CRUSHING AND
GRINDING MINERAL AND OTHER SUBSTANCES " to be as follows:-
According to this Invention, the mineral or other substance to be crushed,
ground, or pulverized is supplied to the inside of a rotating pan, mounted on
a.vertical or nearly. vertical shaft, and having a rim, the inner periphery of
which presents a curved or bevilled surface, against which the substance to be
crushed is distributed, and held by the centrifugal force imparted to it by the
rotation of the pan:
The crushing wheels are mounted, upon axles radiating from the. central

page_text: shaft which carries the pan, and they are provided with a rounded or bevilled
tread (corresponding to the form of the lip of the pan) to act against the rim,
so that as the said pan rotates the plane of motion of the wheels will be
tangent to a circle of less diameter than, and form an angle with, the plane of
motion of the pan, and thus cause the tread of the wheel or wheels to have a
grinding and slipping action against the inner face of the rim, to reduce the
substances there held by centrifugal action. The pan is flat at bottom, and is
provided with apertures which are covered with wire cloth, to act as sieves to
permit the substances when sufficiently fine to pass through.
The inner face of the crushing wheels may be flat, but the tread from the
inner to the outer face should be curved, to correspond nearly with the curvature
of the rim of the pan or shell. This curvature of the tread should be in the
cross section about a quarter of a circle, or nearly so. The substance to be
crushed or ground being supplied in any suitable manner to the inside of the
pan, is caught between the surface of the rim of the pan and the round or
curved tread of the wheels, and there gradually crushed and ground until it is
sufficiently reduced to pass through the meshes of the sieves, covering the
apertures in the bottom of the pan; but if the sieves be not used, the matter
will be discharged through the apertures, and may be sifted afterwards, if
required..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alfred Vincent Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 19th October 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED
VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Alfred Vincent Newton, Her special license that I, the said Alfred
Vincent Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully

page_text: might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR CRUSHING AND GRINDING MINERAL AND OTHER
SUBSTANCES," being a communication from abroad, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
In the improved machine, which forms the subject of the present Patent,
the mineral or other substance to be crushed, ground, or pulverized is supplied
to the inside of a rotating pan, shell, or vessel, placed on a vertical or nearly
vertical shaft, with a rim, the inner periphery of which presents a curved
or bevelled surface, against which the substance to be crushed is distributed,
and held by the centrifugal force imparted to it by the rotation of the pan.
The Invention consists in combining with such a rotating pan or shell a
wheel or wheels rotating on an axis, radiating or nearly so from the axis of
the shell, the said wheel or wheels having a rounded or bevelled tread to act
against the rim, so that as the said pan rotates, the plane of motion of the said
wheel or wheels shall be tangent to a circle of less diameter than, and form an
angle with, the plane of motion of the said pan or shell, and thus cause the
tread of the wheel or wheels to have a grinding and slipping action against
the inner face of the rim, and thereby reduce the substances there held by
centrifugal action.
In the accompanying Drawing, Fig. 1 represents the improved machine in
plan view; Fig. 2 is an elevation, and Fig. 3 is a vertical section of the same,
taken in the line A, a, of Fig. 1. a is the frame of the machine; and b, a ver-
tical shaft, to receive motion from some suitable first mover. This shaft carries
a pan or shell c near its lower end, which pan is flat at bottom, and with a
rim d, whose inner surface is curved, to present in its cross section a quarter
of a circle, or nearly so. The bottom is provided with apertures e, covered
with wire cloth, to act as sieves to permit the substances when sufficiently fine
to pass through.

page_text: The pan or shell thus constructed is secured to and rotates with the shaft.
Above the hub of the pan there is another hub f, through which the shaft
passes, and in which it turns freely, and this hub is provided with three radial
arms g, 9, 9, with central bores, in which are fitted the spindles h, h, h, of three
wheels i, i, i, the peripheries of which run in the pan or shell c, the spindles
being adapted to turn freely in the arms g, g, g, and kept in place by one or
more hangers j, attached to the frame, and fitted with a suitable box for the
spindles to turn in. There may be one such hanger for each spindle, and the
boxes in the hangers should be slightly elongated to give play up and down to
the wheels.
The inner face of the wheels may be flat, as represented, but the tread from
the inner to the outer face should be curved, to correspond nearly with the
curvature of the rim of the pan or shell. This curvature of the tread should
be in the cross section about a quarter of a circle, or nearly so. The sub-
stance to be crushed or ground is supplied in any suitable manner to the inside
of the pan or shell, and distributed and held against the inner periphery by
centrifugal force induced by the rotation of the pan; and the substance thus
held is caught between the surface of the rim of the pan and the round or
curved tread of the wheels, and there gradually crushed and ground until it is
sufficiently reduced to pass through the meshes of the sieves, covering the
apertures in the bottom of the pan; but if the sieves be not used, the matter
will be discharged through the apertures, and may be sifted afterwards, if
required. The form of the tread of the wheels may, if desired, be slightly
modified, and their spindles inclined instead of being placed at right angles
with the axis of the shaft of the pan; or the rim and tread of the wheels may
be bevelled instead of being curved; but the Inventor prefers the mode of
construction specified and represented in the Drawing. If the weight of the
wheels be not sufficient for operating efficiently on some substances, the force
may be increased either downwards or outwards by springs or weighted levers
applied to the spindles in any suitable manner.
In the machine for which Letters Patent were granted to me, bearing date
the Twelfth day of September, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three,
the substance, to: be crushed. is distributed and held against the inner periphery
of the rim of the pan by.centrifugal force, as in the machine herein described,
and there crushed by the action of balls rolling against the said periphery, and
having their plane of motion parallel with that of the pan; but by the com-
bination herein specified, the action on the substance interposed between the
rim and wheels is materially changed, because the plane of motion of the
wheels is at right angles (more or less) with the plane of motion of the pan,

page_text: and tangent to a circle of less diameter than the rim, thereby producing a
rubbing or grinding action between these surfaces, very effective to the reduction
of hard substances.
I do not, therefore, wish to be understood as now claiming the Invention of
distributing and holding the substances to be crushed and ground against the
periphery of a rim or shell by centrifugal force, or this broadly in combination
with a body or bodies rolling against such substances, as this is fully described
in the Letters Patent before named; but what I do claim, and desire to secure
under the above in part recited Letters Patent, is, combining with the rotating
pan or shell, having a rim, against which the substance to be crushed or
ground is distributed and held by centrifugal force, substantially as herein
described, one or more wheels with rounded or bevelled treads, and turning on
axes radiating or nearly so from the axis of the pan or shell, and whose planes
of motion are tangent to a circle of less diameter than the rim of the pan,
substantially as and for the purpose specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Eighteenth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
A. V. NEWTON. (L.S.)