A METHOD OF PREPARING INOXIDIZABLE OILS AND FATS TO BE EMPLOYED AS LUBRICATING SUBSTANCES
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet Street,
in the City of London, E.C., Patent Agent, for the Invention of "A
METHOD OF PREPARING INOXIDIZABLE OILS AND FATS TO BE EMPLOYED AS
LUBRICATING SUBSTANCES."- A communication from abroad by Jules
Roth, of Mulhouse, France.
-
Sealed the 17th April 1860, and dated the 22nd October 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald
Brooman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 22nd October 1859.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, E.C., Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the -said
Invention for "A METHOD OF PREPARING INOXIDIZABLE OILS AND FATS TO BE
EMPLOYED AS LUBRICATING SUBSTANCES," (communicated to me from abroad by
Jules Roth, of Mulhouse, France,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in mixing, under a boiling heat, oils and fats with
an oxide, superoxide, metallic salt, or acid acting as an oxide, or an acid with
a metallic base, whereby the oils and fats are purified and rendered
inoxidizable, that is to say, prevented from becoming resinified or converted"
The Inventor calls these new inoxidizable matters "pyroleine."
The pyroleine may be used by itself, and may be produced of any required

page_text: consistence by mixing therewith more or less of one of the agents above-
named, or it may be mixed with shale oil, essential, volatile, or mineral oils,
resin oils, and any other matters suitable for the purpose for which the
product is required.
By way of example, I proceed to describe how the Inventor produce
pyroleine from rape oil and minium. He takes, say 500 kilogrammes of oil
and 250 grammes of minium; he boils the oil in a copper or other metal pan,
the capacity of which is double that of the volume of oil, and carries the oil
gradually to the boiling point to prevent its becoming colored; he continues
the heat until the oil undergoes decomposition, which is ascertained by
acroline water, carbonic acid, and other gaseous products arising from the
decomposition of fatty salts being disengaged. After heating the oil for about
a quarter of an hour, he adds the minium in the form of impalpable powder,
for which purpose be passes it through a fine sieve, which allows the minium
to fall upon the surface of the oil in an extremely divided state. The addition
of the minium should take place gradually and successively in order that it
may be decomposed and combined with the oil; at the moment of contact no
fresh supply of minium should be added until the previous dose has combined
with the oil, which will be shown by the appearance of a white scum which
rises when the last atom of the superoxide of lead disappears. As soon as
large black clots appear on the surface, the Inventor ceases to apply heat, and
the combination is complete. He leaves the oil to cool for about an hour,
and draws off all the clear part, and runs it into metal vessels; in a few days
it becomes clarified and fit for use as a composition for lubricating machinery.
Any other fatty oil or grease or fat may be substituted for the rape oil, and
the proportions of the oil and chemical agent may be respectively varied.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Archibald Brooman in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 21st April 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD,
ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, E.C.,
Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters.
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for llerself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the.

page_text: said Richard Archibald Brooman, Her special licence that I, the said Richard
Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Richard Archibald Broomen, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term, therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man; an Invention: for "A METHOD OF PREPARING INOXIDIZABLE OILS AND FATS
TO BE EMPLOYED AS LUBRICATING SUBSTANCES," (Communicated to me from
abroad by Jules Roth, of Mulhouse, France,) upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and. ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next. and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say: -
This Invention consists in mixing under a boiling heat oils and fats with an
oxide, superoxide, metallic salt, or acid acting as an oxide, or an acid with a
metallic base, whereby the oils and fats are purified and rendered inoxidizable,
that is to say, prevented from becoming resinified or converted into coom. The
Inventor calls these new inoxidizable matters "pyroleine." The pyroleine may
be used by itself, and may be produced of any required consistence by mixing
therewith more or less of one of the agents above named; or it may be mixed
with shale oil, essential, volatile, or mineral oils, resin oils, and any other
matters suitable for the purpose for which the product is required.
By way of example I proceed to descril e how the Inventor produces
pyrolcine from rape oil and minium. He takes, say, 500 kilogrammes of oil
and 250 grammes of minium; he boils the oil in a copper or other metal
pan, the capacity of which is double that of the volume of oil, and carries the
oil gradually to the boiling point to prevent its becoming colored. He
continues the heat until the oil undergoes decomposition, which is ascertained
by acroline water, carbonic acid, and other gaseous products arising from the
décomposition of fatty salts being disengaged. Afte heating the oil for
about a quarter of an hour, he adds the minium in the form of impalpablo

page_text: powder, for which purpose he passes it through a fine sieve which allows the
minium to fall upon the surface of the oil in an extremely divided state. The
addition of the minium should take place gradually and successively in order
that it may be decomposed and combined with the oil at the moment of contact,
no fresh supply of minium should be added until the previous dose has com-
bined with the oil, which will be shewn by the appearance of a white scum
which rises when the last atom of the superoxide of lead disappears. As
soon as large black clots appear on the surface the Inventor ceases to
apply heat, and the combination is complete. He leaves the oil to cool for
about an hour, and draws off all the clear part, and runs it into metal
vessels; in a few days it becomes clarified and fit for use as a composition
for lubricating machinery.
Any other fatty oil or grease or fat, as olive oil for example, may be substi-
tuted for the rape oil, and the proportions of the oil and chemical agent may be
respectively varied.
The following compositions, which are given as examples, produce good
pyroleine, the treatment in every case being the same as or similar to that
herein-before described.
500 kilogrammes of oleic acid and
of spermaceti oil and
of cotton seed oil and 250
100
of tallow and
"
250 grammes of minium.
100 grammes of minium.
500
250
of oxide of zinc.
"
"
500
of chloride of lead.
33
"
500
of olive oil
250
دو
"
of sulphuret of potassa.
500
"
of rape oil
250
of iodide of sodium.
وو
500
of earth nut oil
* 250
"
وو
of cyanide of zinc.
500
of tallow oil
250
of carbonate of lead.
"
وو
500
"
of oil of sesame
250
of tannate of zinc.
"
500
of whale oil
250
"
500
of olive oil
250
of
وو
"
potassa.
500
of rape oil
250
of
"
of ferrocyanide of zinc.
ferrocyanide of
surperoxide
of
manganese.
500
of rape oil
250
of stannic acid.
"
500
of earth nut oil
250
of chloride of arsenic.
"
دو
500
دو
of rape oil
250
"
of cyanide of iron.
500
of rape oil
250
"
of chloride of sulphur.
500
of tallow
260
وو
5 kilogrammes of minium.
of tallow and 250 kilogrammes of olive oil to 5 kilo
of minium

page_text: To make a pyroleine of thick consistence for the purpose of lubrication take
150 kilogrammes of rape oil to 2 kilogrammes of minium; this thick
pyroleine forms a thickening agent or substance to fatty oils, to mineral oils,
to volatile oils, to carburets of hydrogen, to natural bitumens, to resin oils, to
fatty substances, and other very fluid oils, and renders them suitable for the
lubrication of machinery, while very fluid oils such as mineral oils by them-
selves are from being too fluid not suited for that purpose. To use this pyroleine
as a thickening substance it is poured in a hot state into a metal receptacle,
and the mineral oil is added until the mixture acquires the consistence of a
fatty oil. If the thickening substance is sufficiently liquid there will be no
necessity to have recourse to heat; the mixture clarifies after being allowed to
In winter and during cold seasons the place in which the pyroleine is
made ought to be heated to about 65° Fahrenheit in order to facilitate the
clarification thereof. If the thickening agent before described be added to
mineral oil, a lubricating oil, the consistence of which will vary with the
quantity of the thickening agent, is obtained. As before stated, rape oil
combined with minium produces a new lubricating composition. The rape.
oil may be replaced by any other fatty matter, as, for instance, by combining
150 parts of olive oil, 2 parts of minium, and 400 parts of mineral oil.
rest.
:
Other lubricating compositions may be formed by combining 150 parts of
oleic acid, 3 parts of minium, and 600 parts of mineral oil; or; 40 parts of
tallow, 80 parts of olive oil, 3 parts of minium, and 600 parts of mineral oil;
or, 40 parts of tallow, 2 parts of minium, and 300 parts of mineral oil; or,
150 parts of rape oil, 200 grammes of minium, and 200 kilogrammes of
rape pyroleine; or, 150 parts of earth nut oil, 2 parts of cyanide of zinc, and
400 parts of mineral oil; or, 15 kilogrammes of olive oil, 200 grammes of
the sulphuret of potassium, and 400 kilogrammes of mineral oil; or, 150
parts of tallow oil, 2 parts of carbonate of lead, and 400 parts of mineral oil;
or, 150 parts of olive oil, 2 parts of acetate of zinc, 400 parts of mineral
oil, and 100 parts of cotton seed oil; or, 150 parts of whale oil, 2 parts of
ferrocyanide of zinc, and 600 parts of rape oil; or, 150 parts of rape oil,
2 parts of superoxide of manganese, and 300 parts of mineral oil; or,
150 parts of rape oil, 3 parts of stannic acid, and 400 parts of mineral oil;
or, 150 parts of animal oil, 2 parts of cyanide of iron, and 800 parts of cotton
5 seed oil; or, 500 parts of tallow, 5 parts of minium, and 400 parts of mineral
oil. The relative proportions of these substances forming the before-named
combinations may be respectively varied.
I proceed to give further examples of lubricating compositions formed

page_text: '
according to this Invention. To 500 kilogrammes of margaric acid add 250
grammes of minium; to 500 kilogrammes of stearic acid add 250 grammes
of minium.
Among the advantages arising from this Invention may be enumerated the
followingFirst, the combination of the parts is obtained in a comparatively
short space of time; second, the oils or fatty materials become clear without
requiring to be filtered; third, the fatty substances are disengaged from all
foreign matters, whether they are held in suspension, or otherwise; fourth;
the fatty bodies do not form themselves into coom, and are rendered
inoxidizable, by which means oils or fatty matters, whether they be expensive
or cheap, may be used without producing any difference in the product;
fifth, that as oxides are used in the manufacture of the pyroleine, it will. not
freeze, and consequently may be used in any climate; sixth, the fatty bodies
do not thicken nor become hot; they absorb little, if any, of the motive
power.
Before treating the fatty bodies according to this Invention, a simple
substance, such as sulphur, or a compound substance, such as an acid or a
salt, may be dissolved in them, and which is afterwards wholly or partially
expelled during the manufacture of the pyroleine. For example, take 500
kilogrammes of olive oil, 50 grammes of sulphur, 250 grammes of minium.
The olive oil may be replaced by any other fatty matter; for instance, 500
kilogrammes of earth nut oil, 50 grammes of iodine, 250 grammes of minium;
or, 500 kilogrammes of cotton seed oil, 50 grammes of sulphuret of potassium,
250 grammes of minium; or, 500 kilogrammes of oil of sesame, 50 grammes
of tannic acid, 250 grammes of minium; or, 500 kilogrammes of olive oil, 50
grammes of sulphur, 250 grammes of minium; or, 500 kilogrammes of rape
oil, 50 grammes of chlorine, 250 grammes of minium; or, 500 kilogrammes
of cotton seed oil, 50 grammes of carbonate of potash, 250 grammes of
minium; or, 500 kilogrammes of whale oil, 50 grammes of sulphur, 250
grammes of carbonate of lead; or, 500 kilogrammes of rape oil, 50 grammes
of brome, 250 grammes of stannic acid; or, 500 kilogrammes of earth nut
oil, 50 grammes of sulphur, 250 grammes of oxide of zinc..
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,
First, the mixing, under a boiling-heat, of oils and fats with an oxide,
superoxide; metallic salt, or acid acting as an oxide, or an acid with a metallic
base, substantially in manner herein-before described, whereby the oils and
fats are purified, and rendered inoxidizable, as-herein-before described.

page_text: And, second, the lubricating substances produced by the combination of the
materials herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of April, One
thousand eight hundred and sixty.
R. A. BROOMAN. (L.S.)