IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF OVENS AND OF CHAMBERS IN OVENS FOR FIRING BRICKS
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Sale, of Chesterton, in the County of Stafford,.
Brick and Tile Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF OVENS AND OF CHAMBERS IN OVENS FOR FIRING BRICKS,.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Sale at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th June 1860.
I, JOHN SALE, of Chesterton, in the County of Stafford, Brick and Tile Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF OVENS AND OF CHAMBERS IN OVENS FOR FIRING BRICKS,
TILES, PIPES, QUARRIES, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF THE LIKE NATURE," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in and has for its object the construction of ovens
of an oblong shape with a descending fire for firing bricks, tiles, pipes, quarries,
and other articles of a like nature instead of a circular shape with a descen--
ding fire as heretofore, and also the construction of chambers for firing such
articles as aforesaid, both in circular and oblong ovens, firing with a descending

page_text: fire; the chambers in circular ovens being circular chambers, one circle
within another, with a space between and underneath to allow the fire to
work and pass between and underneath them, and the chambers in the
oblong oven being parallel to one another with spaces between and under-
neath to allow the fire to work and pass between and underneath them..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Sale in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 29th
December 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN SALE,
of Chesterton, in the County of Stafford, Brick and Tile Manufacturer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said John Sale, Her special license that I, the said John Sale, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John
Sale, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF OVENS AND OF CHAMBERS IN OVENS FOR FIRING BRICKS, TILES,
PIPES, QUARRIES, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF THE LIKE NATURE," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said John Sale, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Sale, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):-
My Invention relates to the construction of ovens of an oblong shape with

page_text: a descending fire and to the construction of chambers in ovens with a descen-
ding fire. The three Drawings annexed to my Specification represent the
ovens and the chambers, and the same letters are affixed to similar parts in all
the Drawings.
Fig. 1 is a ground plan of an oblong oven. Fig. 2 is a vertical section of
the same through the line C, D. Fig. 3 is a ground plan of a circular oven.
Fig. 2 will also represent the vertical section of a circular oven through the
centre when that oven has a smoke flue in the middle of it.
The chambers are shewn in each of the Drawings. A, B, is the foundation
on which are built the walls of the oven C, D, (Fig. 2); E the arched roof;
F, F, F, fire-places; G, G, G, an upright wall opposite each set of fires
reaching nearly to the top of the oven; H, the smoke flue. In a circular
oven only one is necessary, but in an oblong oven two, three, or more may be
used according to the size of the oven. In Fig. 1 three such flues are repre-
sented for an oven 18 feet long; I is a lower passage which runs along the
bottom of the oven to receive the draught from the fire and to conduct the
draught to the smoke flue or flues; J, J, J, are the parallel chambers which
are made of brick or tiles. The sides are straight in the oblong oven and round
in the circular oven (Fig. 3,) where the chambers form concentric rings
J, J, J, round the flue H.
The top of the chamber is covered with tiles after the articles to be fired
are put in, and thus the articles are enclosed and the flame does not reach them;
the bottom of the chamber rests on a bearer or mid-feather which supports it
at an interval from the floor, and suffers the flame to circulate around the sides
between the chambers and under the bottom.
The action of the ovens and chambers is as follows:-The flame and heated
air from the fires F, F, F, rise over the walls G, G, and descend into the
central space where articles are placed that are to be fired blue. The products
then descend to the chambers, and finally reaching the lower passage fluc
escape by one or other of the smoke flues.
Among the advantages of oblong ovens with a descending fire for firing
bricks, tiles, and other oblong articles is the facility of construction when a
large oven is required to be built, the saving of space in packing such articles
which cannot be effected in the circular oven, and the increased support
afforded to the roof by each of the smoke flues, which enables the arch to
be strongly made. The chambers enable the operator to regulate the firing
of articles to be fired red, black, or drab, and they split up and diffuse the
heated products of the furnace in their progress to the flues.

page_text: I claim the method of constructing ovens of an oblong shape with a descen-
ding fire as above described, also the method of constructing chambers for ovens
with a descending fire as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Sale, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
JOHN SALE. (L.S.)