cture of АГЫПСтиг шаг.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Jan., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 22nd Sept., 1893-Accepted 24th Jan., 1894
мапитаcture of АГЫПСтиг шаго.
I, FEUILLEN GRAND' MONTAGNE of 9 Rue Marie-Henriette Brussels Belgium,
co hereby declare the nature of this invention to be. as follows:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of artificial marbles resembling natural
marbles, and like them having the veins penetrating to any desired depth. For this
purpose, I prepare artificial stones of suitable cement such as lime and alumina or
magnesia with or without addition of silica, or pulverised marble, or other cement
giving sufficient strength. The ingredients being thoroughly mixed so as to form a
soft paste, this is moistened with a liquid consisting of solution of ziuc in hydrochloric
acid heated to boiling, having added to it, immediately on its boiling, a small quantity
of finely powdered zinc oxide. In some cases the liquid employed may be magnesium
chloride. Having made the paste sufficiently fluid, I divide it into as many
portions as there are different shades of the marble to be produced, and I mix with
each of those portions sufficient pigment to give the desired colour. I then forcibly,
by hand; dash on the bottom of a suitable mould various quantities of the
differently coloured portions to make up the pattern of the marble, and on these
the tinted portion intended for the ground colour, this being very thin so as to
make it penetrate all parts and cover the whole surface of the mould. I smooth
off the upper surface with a trowel, and the liquid above described which hardens
the stone and renders it impermeable.
If the marble is to be veined at the surface, I begin by arranging on the
bottom of the mould tresses of silk or of wires covered with silk which
have been soaked in the hardening liquid, these having the colours of
the veins desired. When these tresses have become adherent to the mould their
ends extending up its sides I dash on them the differently tinted portions of cement
as above described, and after a little rest, while the mass is still in pasty condition,
I draw each of the tresses carefully out through the body of cement thus making
as it were a number of division lines cach having the colour of the thread with-
drawn. The mass contracts presenting veins which pass quite through the cement
which was dashed on the bottom of the mould, and which I then cover with the
cement forming the ground.
To give the marble the gravity desired I mix with it a suitable quantity of
sulphate of baryta.
The marble slabs produced as above described are left to harden completely and
The
are then polished, either in the usual way, or in the following manner.
hardened slab is first soaked with the hardening liquid mentioned above, either by
submersion in the liquid or by applying the liquid with a sponge or the like, and is
allowed to dry for about 48 hours. I. then carefully smooth the surface with
pumice and again leave it for 48 hours, after which I quite polish with a pad
composed of alcohol about 75%, oil 5%, plaster 5%, white gum lac 5%, turpen-
tine 5% and yellow wax 5%. Otherwise, I rub the surface with pumice and fatty
mutter, wipe with a clean towel, and polish with a pad of flannel or wool covered
with white cloth with spirit of wine and plaster. When the pores are quite filled,
I use a polisher with linseed oil, and, after wiping, I polish with white gum lac
dissolved in alcohol and a little plaster, adding from time to time a little linseed oil
to the pad to prevent sticking. I thus obtain a lustrous polish which withstands
climatic influences and fire, and remains a long time bright.

page_text: Although silk tresses have already been used for veining artificial marble, they
have not been applied as above described to give colour to veins pervading the body
of the slab.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
Manufacture of Artificial Marbles.
I, FEUILLEN GRAND' MONTAGNE, of 9 Rue Marie Henriette, Brussels, Belgium,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
.statement:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of artificial marbles resembling
natural marbles and like them having the veins penetrating to any desired depth,
instead of such veins being only superficial as is the case with such preparations
heretofore employed. For this purpose, I prepare artificial stones of suitable
cement such as lime and alumina or magnesia with or without addition of silica, or
pulverised marble, or other cement giving sufficient strength. The ingredients
being thoroughly mixed so as to form a soft paste, this is moistened with a liquid
consisting of solution of zinc in hydrochloric acid heated to boiling, having added
to it, immediately on its boiling, a small quantity of finely powdered zinc oxide.
In some cases the liquid employed may be a solution of magnesium chloride.
Having made the paste sufficiently fluid by such solution, I divide it into as many
portions as there are different shades of the marble to be produced, and I mix with
each of those portions sufficient pigment to give the desired colour. I then forcibly,
by hand, dash on the bottom of a suitable mould various quantities of the differently
coloured portions to make up the desired description of marble, the different
coloured portions being so distributed as to produce the desired pattern of the
veinings, and on these the tinted portion intended for the ground colour is then
run, this being very thin so as to make it penetrate all parts and cover the whole
surface of the mould. I smooth off the upper surface with a trowel and the liquid
above described, which hardens the stone and renders it impermeable. The mass
is allowed to harden, and is then polished, as will be presently described.
If the marble is to be veined both at the surface and in the body of the mass I
begin by arranging on the bottom of the mould tresses of silk or of wires covered
with silk which have been soaked in the hardening liquid, these having the colours
of the veins desired. When these tresses have become adherent to the mould with
their ends extending up its sides, I dash on them the differently tinted portions of
cement as above described, and after a little rest but while the mass is still in pasty
condition, I draw each of the tresses singly carefully out through the body of the
cement, thus making, as it were, a number of division lines, each having the colour
of the thread withdrawn. The soft mass contracts, presenting veins which pass
quite through the cement which was dashed on the bottom of the mould, and which
I then cover with the cement forming the ground.
I
To give the marble the gravity desired I mix with it a suitable quantity such as
5 to 10 per cent. of sulphate of baryta.
The above described process can of course be modified according to the nature
of the marbles which it is desired to imitate.
The marble slabs produced as above described are left to harden completely and
are then polished, either in the usual way of polishing marble, or in the following,
manner. The hardened slab is first soaked with the hardening liquid. mentioned
.

page_text: above, either by submersion in the liquid or by applying the liquid with a sponge
or the like, and is allowed to dry for about 48 hours. I then carefully smooth the
surface with pumice and again leave it for 48 hours, after which I quite polish by
rubbing with a pad composed of alcohol about 75%, oil 5 %, plaster 5%, white
gum lac 5%, turpentine 5% and yellow wax 5%. Otherwise I rub the surface
with pumice and fatty matter, wipe with a clean towel and polish with a pad of
flannel or wool covered with white cloth with spirit of wine and plaster. When
the pores are quite filled, I use a polisher with linseed oil, and, after wiping I polish
with white gun lae dissolved in alcohol and a little plaster, adding from time to
time a little linseed oil to the pad to prevent sticking.
I thus obtain a lustrous glass like polish which withstands climatic influences and
fire, and remains a long time bright.
Although silk tresses have already been used for veining artificial marble they
have not been applied as above described to give colour to veins pervading the
body of the slab by being made to cut through the body of the mass in yielding to
the sides of the cutting the colour with which they were impregnated.
In the manufacture of these artificial marbles I generally use white cement
tempered with water containing 10 to 20 per cent. of the before described solution
of zinc in hydrochloric acid or of a solution of magnesium chloride.
I may mix with the cement 30 to 50 per cent. of pulverised marble, stone or flint
according to the desired hardness and texture of the marble. If a siliceous or
lime cement is employed the addition of pulverised stone is useless.
As an example of the proportions of the materials to be used, I have found that
for the manufacture of imitation Carrara marble the following gives a good
result:-
70 per cent. Keen's cement and 30 per cent. pulverised white marble tempered
with a 20 per cent. solution of chloride of zinc.
In cases where the artificial marble is to be of a deep colour, Portland cement
may be used in place of Keen's cement.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The herein described improved manufacture of marbles, consisting in mixing
with a suitable cement a metallic solution composed of zinc dissolved in heated
hydrochloric acid to which is added a small quantity of powdered zinc oxide,
colouring separately determined quantities of this mixtnre, and throwing them on to
the bottom of a mould so as to obtain the desired arrangement of colours, the
mould being then filled up with cement backing to the required thickness,
substantially as set forth.
2. The herein described method of producing veinings extending throughout the
body of a mass of artificial marble consisting in first arranging on the bottom of
the mould in lines corresponding to the veins to be produced, silk tresses previously
soaked in the desired colour dissolved in the herein described metallic liquid, then
dashing into the mould the various coloured masses for producing the marble, and
lastly drawing the silk tresses one by one through the body of the mass, the
imitation marble being then finished off substantially as set forth.
3. In the manufacture of artificial marbles, the combination with a suitable
cement of a metallic liquid composed of metallic zinc dissolved in heated
hydrochloric acid with the addition of powdered zinc oxide, for the purpose of
rendering the cement hard and impermeable, substantially as described.
4. The method of polishing artificial marbles consisting in subjecting the
hardened material previously saturated with the described metallic liquid to the
action of a pad composed of alcohol, oil, plaster, white gum lac, turpentine and
yellow wax, substantially in the proportions as herein described.
5. The use for hardening and rendering impermeable cements and artificial stone,

page_text: of a metallic liquid consisting of a solution of metallic zinc in hot hydrochloric
acid, with the addition of zinc oxide, substantially as described.
Dated this 22nd day of September 1893.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.