Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Mar., 1887
Complete Left, 4th Jan., 1888
Complete Accepted, 10th Feb., 1888
We ARCHIBALD EDWARD MCKECHNIE of Lynn, Essex County State of Massa-
chusetts, United States of America Merchant, and GEORGE WASHINGTON WICKS, of
Brooklyn, King's county, State of New York, United States of America, Machinist
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :—
This invention relates to means for producing Plumbers' traps, especially that type
of trap which comprises an elongated cylindrical vessel having a contracted mouth
provided with a screw threaded nut adapted to receive a screw threaded cover.
Traps of this description have their body portion of lead, and the cover, and
screw-threaded nut within the neck of brass; and the body portion has been
heretofore generally made by hand with the ordinary tools for shaping hollow
bodies in lead. The objectionable solder joints in the hand-made traps and the
expense attending the producing of the traps, have been serious draw-backs to the
introduction into general use of this type of device for effecting a water-seal between
soil and drain pipes and water-closets, sinks, and similar receptacles.
The mode or method which it is preferred to employ in the manufacture of these
traps and also certain improvements in the trap itself, have been made the subject of
another British Patent of the same date as this patent.
The object of the present invention is to devise a metal mould whereby the body
of the type of trap herein specified may be produced economically and expeditiously,
and also to devise means whereby the mouth of the cast and compressed, or cast and
drawn trap-body may be fashioned into a suitably contracted neck and the screw
threaded nut, or nut and washer secured therein.
The invention accordingly consists in a peculiarly constructed mould by which the

page_text: first part of the operation of forming the trap that is the formation of its body, is
accomplished, and in an apparatus adapted to complete the trap-body by contracting
and shaping its neck and inserting therein the screw-threaded nut.
In the accompanying drawings which form part of this specification and in which
like features are indicated by like letters,
On sheet Figure 1 is a vertical section of the mould the section through the core
and its mandrel being taken on line x, x of Figure 3.
Figure 2 a partly vertical section of the same mould, the section being at right
angles to the view shewn in Figure 1.
Figure 3 a transverse section of Figure 1 through the line, of the latter view.
Figure 4 a top plan view partly in section of the core of the mould and its
mandrel.
Figure 5 an elevation of the wedge whereby the core is expanded.
Figure 6 an inverted plan view of the core and the mandrel, and
Figure 7 an enlarged section shewing a portion of the lower end of the mandrel
with the screw-threaded end of one of the ribs extended through the laterally
projecting lug on the mandrel. On sheet II, Figure 8 illustrates a side elevation
partly in section, of the apparatus for finishing the incomplete trap-body, shewing a
finished trap in the position in which it has been operated upon by the neck-shaping
mechanism.
On sheet III Figure 9 is a cross-section through the line y,y of Figure 8, sheet II.
Figure 10 a central vertical section illustrating certain variations in the lower part
of the apparatus shewn in Figure S, sheet II and
Figure 11 a cross section through the line w, w of Figure 10.
On sheet 1V, Figure 12 is a vertical section partly in elevation, illustrating a
mode of utilizing the mould shewn in Figure 1 sheet I.
Referring to the views on sheet. I of the drawings the outer sections of the mould
are represented by A, B, C-A being the base, B the intermediate section and the
top. These parts of the structure are cylindrical and will be made of cast iron and
of proportions corresponding to the size of the trap-body to be produced. When
the would is being used the part A is secured to part B by means of the links <<
pivotted in cars on A, and excentric levers & pivotted to the links a and adapted to
be locked on the top of the slotted ears projecting from the surface of the section B.
These connecting means are well known. The part C is in like manner secured to
the intermediate section B. To ensure a reliable connection between the base A and
the intermediate section B, a depression around the edge of one part and a projection
at the edge of the other may be provided as shewn at Figure 1. The base A is
provided with a vertical slot and lateral opening at a point in its circumference to
receive the lower end of the guide c of the core-spreading wedge d and its operating
lever e. The top C is provided with the opening preferably inclined as shown, and
with the steel cut off plate y which is secured to the operating spindle extending
through an opening in the dome of the top Cand adapted to receive a handle
whereby it may be operated to rotate the cut-off g. The cut-off g is slotted as shewn
at i the slot corresponding in shape to the lower end of the opening so that when
the cut-off is turned so that its slot exactly coincides with the opening f said
cut-off will offer no obstruction to the passage of the molten metal through opening f.
The function of cut-off g will be explained presently.
The interior of the top C is made curved on its sides and flat in the bottom, as
shewn, so as to produce the desired conformation on the exterior of the bottom of
the trap-body, and the interior of the intermediate section B is cylindrical in outline.
I represents the core which is of brass and which is composed of three semi-
cylindrical sections k,, each provided with a central ribhaving an enlarged
cylindrical extremity adapted to fit into a cylindrical opening in the cast-iron core-
spreading mandrel E. The mandrel E which may be made hollow for sake of
lightness besides having the cylindrical openings for the reception of the ribs is
provided equidistant between two of said openings with a dovetail recess to receive
the guide of the expanding wedge d. The wedge d is of the form shewn in

page_text: Figure 5, and it occupies a position between two sections of the core as shown in the
cross section of Figure 3, the guide c forming the back of its inner surface and being
fitted in the dovetail recess in the core-mandrel as already explained.
The core D and the core mandre! E are connected together by the ribs on the
sections of the core, and laterally projecting lugs m on the mandrel E and in each
lug is formed an aperture n through which the screw threaded end of the rib /
projects and is secured by a nut o. The mandrel E receivos the sectional core D by
the ribs passing into (from the top) the opening n formed in the laterally projecting
lugs m on the mandrel. When the sectional core has been properly placed on the
mandrel it is secured in a fixed position by means of the nuts o which screw upon
the projecting ends of the ribs the mandrel being cut away at the bottom around
the openings therein to furnish room for operating the nuts.
The side walls of the recess in the mandrel for receiving the guide c of the wedge d
are wedge-shaped and the guide c is similarly shaped. The rear wall of said recess
is straight but is slightly inclined from the top to the bottom and the guide c of the
wedge is similarly inclined as shewn in Figure 2, so that when the wedge is with-
drawn or lowered it will permit the sections of the core to readily contract the
required extent. The cylindrical openings in the mandrel are slightly larger than
the diameter of the cylindrical ends of the ribs so as to permit the sections of the
core to move slightly toward the centre of the mandrel when the expanding wedge
has been withdrawn.
The lower end of the wedge d and its guide e project below the top surface of the
bottom section A through the vertical opening in said section as shewn. The length
of the wedge itself is such, that, when in its elevated position, its lower end is just
below the top surface of the section A, as shewn at p thereby forming a tight joint
between the interior of the mould and the opening below the base A at that point in
the core occupied by the wedge. The portion of the guide c which projects through
the opening in the base A is of less thickness than the breadth of said opening, so
that when the wedge is drawn down the lower end of the guide is afforded lateral
play, thus permitting the wedge to move slightly toward the centre of the core
mandrel simultaneously with a like movement of the sections of the core, as previously
explained. This central contraction of the core and wedge is calculated to be just
enough to compensate for the shrinkage of the trap-body while cooling, on the core
mandrel, which shrinkage, although slight, invariably takes place under the well
known law that lead in cooling shrinks towards its own centre.
In the lateral opening in the bottom section A is pivotted at y the lever € whose
inner end is provided with an elongated slot which connects with a pin s on the lower
end of the wedge guide e as shewn in Figure 2. The lever e is for elevating and
depressing the wedge d and the slot in the end of the lever is to permit the wedge to
move laterally when being depressed. Upon the underside of the lever e is a set
screw t which serves as an adjustable stop to regulate the extent to which the lever
may be depressed and consequently, the degree of elevation of the wedge d, so that
the top of the wedge may be made to fill out evenly and perfect the rounding top of
the core D, the top of said wedge being shaped to conform to the contour of the
exterior top surface of the said core, as clearly shewn in Figure 2.
In placing the various parts of this mould together, I first connect the core D, core
mandrel E, and wedge d together, the wedge, as well as the core sections being
slipped into position from the top and suitably adjust the nuts o in the openings in
the bottom of the core mandrel. The core and its mandrel are then firmly seated on
the base A, the tongue at the lower end of the mandrel fitting into a groove, and the
lower edge of the core seating snugly in a suitable depression in the base A as shewn
in Figure 1. The lever e is then connected to the lower end of the wedge guide c
and the proper adjustment of the set screw t made. When the lever e is depressed so
as to throw up the wedge d and expand the core, the outer lower surface of the
cylindrical core is caused to press tightly against the outer walls of the depression in
the base A in which the core is seated, thus perfecting the joint at that point. The
depression in question is made wider than the thickness of the material composing the

page_text: core sections to enable the latter to contract at the bottom when the wedge is
depressed. When the core and its mandrel are properly adjusted upon base A, as
explained the sections B and C of the shell of the mould are placed in position and
locked by the excentrically pivotted levers b.
The
In this position the wedge c, d being elevated in the manner explained, the
apparatus is ready to receive the molten lead which is inserted through the opening f
When the mould is full the handle of spindle is turned quickly and the steel
cut-off is caused to smoothly separate the lead at the bottom of the opening so as
to leave the bottom of the seating-surface of the trap-body perfectly even.
elevation of the lever e causes the wedge c, d to descend with the effect of slightly
contracting the circumference of the core, in the manner already explained. The top
and immediate sections B, C are then removed, which with the fastenings shewn may
be done very easily and quickly, and the moulded trap-body with its unfinished neck, is
taken off the core, in which condition it is ready for the drawing and mouth shaping
and finishing mechanisms.
Although the molten lead may be successfully inserted into the mould by a ladle,
this method would necessarily be tedious and laborious. It is proposed to employ
the means shown in Figure 12 for this purpose by which the manufacture is greatly
facilitated and a superior product produced.
In that view (Figure 12) A, B, C are the outer shell of the mould already described.
F is a table of suitable dimensions and construction. The top of this table has a
central opening in which is placed properly guided the shank of the plate a to
which shank is pivottally connected a lever to having a fixed bearing at a². The
top of the table is provided with a plate & having a central opening. Within this
opening is loosely placed the metallic plate and upon the surface of the plate b'
near one end is a lug e provided with a set-screw d'. The mould is placed in
position on table F immediately over the loose plate v, in which position the mouth
of the opening of the mould coincides with the outlet e of the melting pot f. The
pot is of ordinary form and is set in masonry g', g'over a furnace (not shown).
The outlet e of the pot f¹ extends through the masonary and is braced at by any
suitable means. The outlet is inclined as shown to afford a free flow to the molten
metal, and the pot is provided with a valve whose rod is secured to the rim
of the pot at 1. During the operation of casting the valve is permanently raised
and the cut-off for the molten metal is provided by the plunger which is
in
cross-section and which may be reciprocated in the cylinder m² by the lever n¹
pivotted at o and connected to the top of said plunger by the link pas shown. The
cylinder m is braced to the masonary at ' and is connected to the outlet e¹ so that
the molten metal from the latter may flow into the lower end of the former, as shown
in dotted lines. In the position shown the plunger is down, closing the outlet at the
end of the cylinder m'.
squaro
In using this part of the apparatus the mould being in proper condition, is placed
upon the table F as shown, and its mouth is brought in proper alignment with the
outlet of the cylinder m', and maintained in that position by means of the set
screw !
In this position of the parts the lever wis depressed, causing the shank u and
its connected plate to rise. This movement causes the mould to be elevated until
the opening is in close contact with the end of the outlet e and the locking of
the lever in the ratchet secures the apparatus in this condition. The valve i
having previously been opened, the elevation of lever n' permits the molten metal
to flow into the mould, and when it is full, and preliminary to operating the cut-off g
already described. the lever n' is suddenly depressed causing the plunger
descend with the effect of compacting the lead within the mould before it has sensibly
cooled. I have found by experiment that the effect of a sudden blow upon the molten
metal within the mould while it is congealing, but before it has fully set, is to
increase the density of the metal, and close its pores, thus giving a smooth finish to
the article operated upon and hence producing a more reliable article and enhancing
the merchantable qualities of the same.
to

page_text: In using the apparatus herein described the support for the mould will be arranged
in convenient proximity to the mouth-shaping and finishing mechanism, so that the
process of manufacturing may be carried on expeditiously. And one melting pot may
be utilized for several plungers by making the pot of sufficient capacity and providing
it with several outlets and valves.
The mechanism by which the incomplete trap-body, as it comes from the mould, is
finished by the shaping of its mouth and inserting of the female screw-thread nut will
be now described.
Referring to figure 8. (Sheet II 9, 10 and 11 (Sheet III the letter G indicates the
cast iron frame of the machine which preferably is of the form shown in figure 8, and
is provided with a lateral extension Hat its base which has a depression therein for
the reception of the projection s' on the bottom of the cast iron die J. The die J has
its interior so shaped as to conform exactly to the exterior of the bottom of the cast
trap-body in order to furnish a substantial rest therefor during the process of finishing
the mouth of the trap.
The top of the frame G is provided with a bracket K which furnishes bearings for
the shaft L which carries the pulleys M, N, through the intervention of which, and
suitable belting, power is communicated to the apparatus. The pully M is fast upon
the shaft L while the pulley N is loose thereon. O is a shipper which operatesțin the
usual manner to start or stop the apparatus by shipping the belt P from one pulley to
the other in an obvious manner. The shaft L is journalled at tt and has rigidly
affixed to its projecting end the pinion u which meshes with the bevel wheel v³ the
hub of the latter being seated and adapted to turn in the projection w¹ on the
bearing Q.
R is a sliding head which is secured to the upper part of the frame G in an
adjustable manner by the bolts a². The outer portion of the head R is provided with
guides for the rack bar S which may move up and down therethrough. The
letter indicates a shaft journalled in boxes d2 and carrying at one of its ends the
hand wheel e. Mounted upon the shaft c² between the journal boxes d²d is a
pinion adapted to mesh with the teeth of the rack bar S. By this means the rack
and mechanism carried thereby may be raised or lowered independently of the means
by which the apparatus is driven. T is a counter balance weight which enables the
operating mechanism depending from the lower end of the rack bar S which is
caused to travel downward by operating the hand wheel e as explained to be easily
elevated when it is desired to raise the same away from contact with the trap that has
been operated upon. The weight T is secured to the rack bar S by a chain or cord U
passing over pulleys V.
The letter represents a ratchet-wheel rigidly mounted on the shaft c² between
the hand wheel e and the journal box nearest said wheel; and h² represents a pawl
arrangement which comprises a curved arm pivotted to a projection on the sliding
head R, and a block and screw m² which passes through said block and through
a boss or curved arm . By this construction the pawl can be quickly adjusted to
drop into the required tooth of the ratchet-wheel g². The object of ratchet-wheel g
and its pawl arrangement is for the purpose of locking the hand wheel e' rigidly in
position when a trap-body is being operated upon so that the mechanism carried by
the rack-bar S will be held steadily in the required position and not be permitted to
rise while the neck of the trap is being fashioned.
W represents a cast iron follower which is secured to the rack-bar $ in the manner
shown or in any suitable manner. The upper end of follower W is screw threaded
as shown. The lower end of follower W is provided with a detachable foot a² having
a curved bottom conforming to the curvature of the interior of the bottom of the
trap, but sufficiently small to enable its withdrawal from the trap when the mouth of
the latter has been perfected. The purpose of foot n² is to assist in maintaining the
trap-body firmly in an upright position while undergoing operation by the mouth
shaping mechanism. The foot n is made detachable in order that several lengths of
the same may be employed, and thus enable the follower to be lengthened or shortened
according to the depth of trap to be operated upon.

page_text: At a proper position on the follower intermediate between its foot and upper end,
there is formed a cylindrical enlargement of above which is a collar of greater
diameter p². The enlargement o² is somewhat less in diameter than the diameter the
mouth of the trap will measure when perfected. The circumference of enlargement o²
is provided with screw threads which enable the brass female screw-threaded ring
which is to be secured in the mouth of the trap, to be firmly held in place while the
process of compressing the trap's mouth thereupon is being performed.
The metallic washer I propose to secure in the mouth of the trap above the screw-
threaded nut may be slipped onto the enlargement o² previous to screwing the nut
thereon.
The letter is a brass bushing fitted upon the follower W and keyed to the hub 22.
This bushing receives the gear wheel and the plate t which latter carries the
rollers u; the said bushing 9 furnishing a bearing for the gear wheel and plate, as
is apparent from the drawing. The hub is provided with an arm v² which carries
the pinion which meshes with the gear wheel s². The letter a³ indicates a sleeve
screw threaded internally, provided with the hand wheel and fitting upon the
screw-threaded top of the follower W. The nut is provided with an interior
shoulder which rests upon the flange at the lower end of the sleeve a³ and the lower
end of said nut e screws on to the upper portion of the hub thereby being firmly
secured to the hub. The lower end of the brass bushing q and the interior of the
bubare provided with shoulders which serve as bearings respectively for the gear
wheels and hub.
By the above described mechanism the mouth shaping rollers are capable of being
elevated or lowered independently of the mechanism by which the rollers are revolved,
(and independently of the mechanism by which the follower W and rack bar S aro
elevated and lowered), as it is plain that by turning the hand-wheel 63 in the proper
direction the sleeve a³, hub and its arm and attached pinion, with the gear wheel s²,
brushing 2, and the rollers are raised or lowered upon the follower W.
The pinion is supported and guided by the projection d³ extending from the hub
of the pinion into a slot in the brace e secured to the frame of the machine.
may
slide
up
The rod is square in cross section, is secured in the hub of the bevel wheel ¹,
By this means the
and passes through a square hole in the hub of the pinion w².
pinion w²
and down on the rod fƒ³ in the operation of raising or lowering
the roller mechanism through the instrumentality of the hand wheel 63 and when the
shaft L is caused to revolve the rod 3 being fast in the hub of the beveled wheel
also revolves and has the hole in the pinion w² is square said pinion necessarily
revolves with a rod and consequently causes the gear wheel s² with which the
pinion w² meshes and which carries the series of rollers to revolve likewise.
Five, more or less of the rollers u may be employed and their function is to give
shape to the mouth of the trap and compress the lead around the female screw-
threaded nut and metallic washer. The rollers u² are so shaped upon their surface as
to give the required finish and form to the neck of the trap. At the top of the
roller is the flange g³ of a width sufficient to over lap the top edge of the trap, and
its surface h³ just below the flange g³, is cylindrical and perpendicular to properly
shape the exterior of the neck of the trap while below the perpendicular portion ³
the roller is curved inwardly as at 3 to properly shape the shoulders of the trap
below its neck. The rollers are secured to the flange t', Figure 8, by means of heated
spindles 13 and nuts m³. By this means the rollers may be accurately adjusted upon
the plate and rendered capable of revolution independently of one another.
In Figure 10 are illustrated certain variations of the apparatus, showing the rollers
and means whereby they are secured in position so as to be capable of exerting
uniform pressure upon the neck and shoulders of the trap, as they are fed downward
by the means shown in the act of shaping the trap's mouth. In this view the
follower W, bushing ², the hub ², nut c³, sleeve a³, hand wheel 3, gear wheel s², and
pinion w occupy the same relative positions as in Figure 8. In Figure 10 however
the hub is elongated at the bottom and provided with a left hand screw-thread for
the reception of a hand wheel ³; and to enable said hand wheel to be operated in

page_text: the position it occupies the arm ² of the hub is made to curve upwardly and is
secured to the top of the hub of the pinion w² instead of to its side, as in Figure 8.
So, likewise, the hub of the gear-wheel 2 is slightly elongated in the construction of
Figure 10 and the flange of said hub instead of being perforated merely as in
Figure 8 is slotied from the circumference toward the centre as shown in the detached
view Figure 11, the purpose of which being to permit the lengthened extension o³ of
the bolt 3 to move toward or from the centre of said flange as now explained. The
extension o³ is secured by a hinged joint p³ to a bolt secured in the gear wheels near
its hub, and the lower portion of said extension 03 is broader than its upper portion
whereby an inclined surface q³ is formed upon its outer side. Resting loosely upon
said inclined surface is a ring ³ whose inner circumference is bevelled to conform
to the inclination q³. Ring is provided with four (more or less) pins s³ rigidly
affixed to the top surface of said ring 3 and passing through holes in the gear wheel s.
The tops of these pins are provided with small friction rollers with which the
wheel comes in contact when said wheel is screwed down for the purpose of
depressing the guide pins s³ and consequently the ring carried by the lower ends of
said pins. The advantage of this construction is that the required pressure upon the
neck and shoulders of the trap body may be exerted with greater uniformity than can
be dono where the rollers are rigidly secured to the flange of the hub of the gear
wheel s².
The manner of using this mechanism is as follows: The trap body as it comes
from the casting or drawing mechanism in its incompleted form is placed in the die J
the rack-bar S being elevated by the hand wheel e² so as to carry the foot n² of the
follower W above the upper end of the trap body. In lowering the follower into the
trap which is done through the instrumentality of the hand wheel e² the rollers are
elevated by means of the hand wheel 63 in order that when the foot of the follower is
firmly seated in the bottom of the trap the rollers are away from contact with the
trap's mouth.
In this position the pawl mechanism &c. is adjusted so as to become
locked in the ratchet wheel g² thereby holding the wheel e² rigidly and consequently
insuring the maintaining of the foot of the follower in a stationary position within the
trap. As thus adjusted the enlargement of of the follower W occupies a position
directly on a line with the neck of the trap body and the collar p² above the enlarge-
ment o occupies a position with its lower surface in about the same plane as the top
surface of the mouth of the trap. As a preliminary operation, before the follower W
is lowered into the trap body its screw-threaded enlargement o² is supplied with a
female screw-threaded nut and metallic washer (when the latter is to be used in con-
junction with the nut) which is done by slipping the washer over the enlargement and
screwing the nut onto said enlargement. Thus equipped the follower is lowered into
the trap body in the manner already explained and through the medium of the shipper
power is applied to revolve the rod and with it the pinion and gear wheel s
with the series of the revoluble rollers attached to the flange of its hub. As the
rollers revolve around the follower w they are slowly fed downward by means of the
hand wheel 63 and coming in contact with the mouth of the trap body t' they begin
to revolve upon their own axis as they move bodily around the said trap. The speed
of the downward movement of the rollers is under the control of the operator. By
the described shape of the rollers u² the desired conformation is given to the neck of
the trap and at the same time the lead of the trap's mouth is firmly compressed upon
the nut and washer located upon the enlargement o² of the follower W. By the
flanges g³ of the rollers u² the top edge of the trap's mouth is smoothed and compressed
during the revolution of the roller mechanism.
When the desired finish has been produced upon the mouth of the trap which
requires but a few seconds the hand wheel 63 is turned in the reverse direction with
the effect of elevating the rollers away from the trap's mouth and the pawl arrange-
ment being released through the medium of hand wheel e the follower W is quickly
lifted with the trap sufficiently high to permit the trap to be unscrewed, and replaced
by another trap body for treatment. These manipulations may be performed without
stopping the revolution of the rollers, as is obvious.

page_text: In operating the apparatus when it embodies the construction of Figure 10 the
rollers exert but, a slight pressure upon the mouth of the trap when they first come in
contact therewith as their tendency is to swing outward on the hinges p³. But when
the work is fairly started the revolution of the hand wheel n³ by exerting pressure
upon the guides s³ forces the ring down the incline 3 of the extension o³ of the
roller bolts with the effect of throwing the rollers towards a common centre and thus
compress the lead of the mouth of the trap casting into the required shape.
Daind the 2nd day of March 1887.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicants.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for the Manufacture of Plumbers'
Traps.
We, ARCHIBALD EDWARD MKECHNIE of No. 45 Nahant Street Lynn, Essex
County, State of Massachusetts, United States of America, Merchant, and GEORGE
WASHINGTON WICKS of No. 97 Clymer Street Brooklyn, Kings County, State of
New York, United States of America, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to means for producing Plumbers' Traps, especially that type
of trap which comprises an elongated cylindrical vessel having a contracted mouth
provided with a screw-threaded nut adapted to receive a screw-threaded cover.
Traps of this description have their body-portion of lead, and the cover, and screw-
threaded nut within the neck, of brass; and the body-portion has been heretofore
generally made by hand with the ordinary tools for shaping hollow bodies in lead.
The objectionable solder joints in the hand-made traps and the expense attending the
producing of the traps, have been serious drawbacks to the introduction into general
use of this type of device for effecting a water-seal between soil and drain pipes and
water closets, sinks, and similar receptacles.
The mode or method which it is preferred to employ in the manufacture of these
traps, and also certain improvements in the trap itself, have been made the subject of
another British patent of the same date as this patent.
The object of the present invention is to devise a metal mold whereby the body of
the type of trap herein specified may be produced economically and expeditiously, and
also to devise means whereby the mouth of the cast and compressed, or cast and
drawn trap-body may be fashioned into a suitably contracted neck and the screw-
threaded nut, or nut and washer, secured therein.
The invention accordingly consists in a peculiarly constructed mold by which the
first part of the operation of forming the trap-that is, the formation of its body-is
accomplished, and in an apparatus adapted to complete the trap-body by contracting
and shaping its neck and inserting therein the screw-threaded nut.
In the drawings left with the provisional of this specification and in which like
features are indicated by like letters.
On sheet I, Figure 1 is a vertical section of the mold, the section through the core
and its mandrel being taken on line x x of figure 3; Figure 2 a partly vertical section
of the same mold, the section being at right angles to the view shown in figure 1 ;
Figure 3 a transverse section of figure 1 through the line of the latter view
Figure 4 a top plan view partly in section of the core of the mold and its mandrel;
Figure 5 an elevation of the wedge whereby the core is expanded; Figure 6 an in-
verted plan view of the core and the mandrel, and Figure 7 an enlarged section
showing a portion of the lower end of the mandrel with the screw-threaded end of
one of the ribs extended through the laterally projecting lug on the mandrel. On
B

page_text: sheet II, figure 8 illustrates a side elevation, partly in section, of the apparatus for
finishing the incomplete trap-body, showing a finished trap in the position in which
it has been operated upon by the neck-shaping mechanism. On sheet III, Figure 9
is a cross section through the line y y of figure 8 sheet II; Figure 10 a central
vertical section illustrating certain variations in the lower part of the apparatus
shown in figure 8, sheet II, and Figure 11 a cross section through the line ww of
figure 10. On sheet IV, Figure 12 is a vertical section, partly in elevation, illustrat-
ing a mode of utilizing the mold shown in figure 1 sheet I.
Referring to the views on sheet I of the drawings, the outer sections of the mold
are represented by A. B. C.-A being the base, B the intermediate section and C the
top. These parts of the structure are cylindrical and will be made of cast-iron and
of proportions corresponding to the size of the trap-body to be produced. When the
mold is being used the part A is secured to part B by means of the links a pivoted in
ears on A, and eccentric levers & pivoted to the links a and adapted to be locked on
the top of the slotted ears projecting from the surface of the section B. These con-
necting means are well known. The part C is in like manner secured to the inter-
mediate section B. To ensure a reliable connection between the base A and the
intermediate section B, a depression around the edge of one part and a projection at
the edge of the other may be provided, as shown in figure 1. The base A is provided
with a vertical slot and lateral opening at a point in its circumference to receive the
lower end of the guide of the core-spreading wedge d and its operating lever e.
The top C is provided with the opening preferably inclined as shown, and with the
steel cut-off plate g, which is secured to the operating spindle / extending through an
opening in the dome of the top C and adapted to receive a handle whereby it may be
operated to rotate the cut-off g. The cut-off is slotted as shown at i, the slot
corresponding in shape to the lower end of the opening f, so that when the cut-off g
is turned so that its slot exactly coincides with the opening said cut-off will offer
no obstruction to the passage of the molten metal through opening. The function
of cut-off g will be explained presently.
The interior of the top is made curved on it sides and flat in the bottom, as
shown, so as to produce the desired conformation on the exterior of the bottom of
the trap-body, and the interior of the intermediate section B is cylindrical in outline.
D represents the core which is of brass and which is composed of three semi-
cylindrical sections k, k, k², each provided with a central rib having an enlarged
cylindrical extremity adapted to fit into a cylindrical opening in the cast-iron core-
spreading mandrel E. The mandrel E, which may be made hollow for sake of light-
ness, besides having the cylindrical openings for the reception of the ribs 1, is provided
equidistant between two of said openings with a dovetail recess to receive the guide c
of the expanding wedge d. The wedge d is of the form shown in figure 5, and it
occupies a position between two sections of the core as shown in the cross-section of
figure 3, the guide c forming the back of its inner surface and being fitted in the
dovetail recess in the core-mandrel as already explained.
The core D and the core mandrel E are connected together by the ribs on the
sections of the core, and laterally projecting lugs m on the mandrel E and in each
lug is formed an aperture n, through which the screw-threaded end of the rib
projects and is secured by a nut o. The mandrel E receives the sectional core D,
by the ribs passing into (from the top) the opening a formed in the laterally project-
ing lugs m on the mandrel. When the sectional core has been properly placed on
the mandrel, it is secured in a fixed position by means of the nuts o, which screw upon
the projecting ends of the ribs the mandrel being cut away at the bottom around
the openings therein to furnish room for operating the nuts.
The side walls of the recess in the mandrel for receiving the guide c of the wedge d
are wedge-shaped and the guide c is similarly shaped. The rear wall of said recess is
straight but is slightly inclined from the top to the bottom and the guide c of the
wedge is similarly inclined, as shown in figure 2, so that when the wedge is with-
drawn, or lowered, it will permit the sections of the core to readily contract the
required extent. The cylindrical openings in the mandrel are slightly larger than

page_text: one diameter of the cymmarical ends of the ribs so as to permit the sections of the
core to move slightly toward the center of the mandrel when the expanding wedge
bas been withdrawn.
The lower end of the wedge d and its guide c project below the top surface of the
bottom section A through the vertical opening in said section as shown. The length
of the wedge itself is such that, when in its elevated position, its lower end is just
below the top surface of the section A, as shown at p, thereby forming a tight joint
between the interior of the mold and the opening below the base A at that point in
the core occupied by the wedge. The portion of the guide c which projects through
the opening in the base A is of less thickness than the breadth of said opening, so
that when the wedge is drawn down the lower end of the guide is afforded lateral
play, thus permitting the wedge to move slightly toward the center of the core-
mandrel simultaneously with a like movement of the sections of the core, as previously
explained. This central contraction of the core and wedge is calculated to be just
enough to compensate for the shrinkage of the trap-body while cooling, on the core-
mandrel which shrinkage, although slight, invariably takes place under the well-
known law that lead in cooling shrinks toward its own center.
In the lateral opening in the bottom section A is pivoted at q the lever e whose
inner end is provided with an elongated slot which connects with a pin s on the lower
end of the wedge guide c, as shown in figure 2. The lever e is for elevating and
depressing the wedge d, and the slot in the end of the lever is to permit the wedge to
move laterally when being depressed. Upon the under side of the lever e is a set
screw which serves as an adjustable stop to regulate the extent to which the lever
may be depressed, and, consequently, the degree of elevation of the wedge d, so that
the top of the wedge may be made to fill out evenly and perfect the rounding top of
the core D-the top of said wedge being shaped to conform to the contour of the
exterior top surface of the said core, as clearly shown in figure 2.
In placing the various parts of this mold together, I first connect the core D, core
mandrel E, and wedged together-the wedge as well as the core sections being slipped
into position from the top-and suitably adjust the nuts o in the openings in the
bottom of the core mandrel. The core and its mandrel are then firmly seated on the
hase A, the tongue at the lower end of the mandrel fitting into a groove, and the lower
edge of the core seating snugly in a suitable depression in the base A, as shown in
figure 1. The lever e is then connected to the lower end of the wedge guide e and the
proper adjustment of the set screw made. When the lever e is depressed so as to
throw up the wedge d and expand the core, the outer lower surface of the cylindrical
core is caused to press tightly against the outer walls of the depression in the base A
in which the core is seated, thus perfecting the joint at that point. The depression in
question is made wider than the thickness of the material composing the core sections,
to enable the latter to contract at the bottom when the wedge is depressed. When
the core and its mandrel are properly adjusted upon base A, as explained, the
sections B and C of the shell of the mold are placed in position and locked by the
eccentrically pivoted levers b.
is
In this position, the wedge c, d being elevated in the manner explained, the apparatus
is ready to receive the molten lead which is inserted through the opening f. When
the mold is full the handle of spindle is turned quickly and the steel cut-off g
caused to smoothly separate the lead at the bottom of the opening so as to leave the
bottom of the seating-surface of the trap-body perfectly even. The elevation of the
lever e causes the wedge c, d to descend with the effect of slightly contracting the
circumference of the core, in the manner already explained. The top and intermediate
sections BC are then removed, which with the fastenings shown may be done very
easily and quickly, and the molded trap-body with its unfinished neck, is taken off the
core, in which condition it is ready for the drawing and mouth shaping and finishing
mechanisms.
Although the molten lead may be successfully inserted into the mold by a ladle, this
method would necessarily be tedious and laborious. It is proposed to employ the means

page_text: shown in figure 12 for this purpose, by which the manufacture is greatly facilitated
and a superior product produced.
In that view (figure 12) A B C are the outer shell of the mold already described.
F is a table of suitable dimensions and construction. The top of this table has a
central opening in which is placed properly guided the shank u of the plate v to which
shank is pivotally connected a lever w having a fixed bearing at a¹. The top of the
table is provided with a plate b¹ having a central opening. Within this opening is
loosely placed the metallic plate v, and upon the surface of plate b¹ near one end is a
lug provided with a set-screw d'. The mold is placed in position on table F
immediately over the loose plate v, in which position the mouth of the opening of
the mold coincides with the outlet e¹ of the melting pot f1. The pot f¹ is of ordinary
form and is set in masonary g¹ g over a furnace (not shown). The outlet e¹ of the
The
pot extends through the masonary and is braced at by any suitable means.
outlet is inclined as shown to afford a free flow to the molten metal, and the pot fi is
provided with a valve whose rod is secured to the rim of the pot at A. During the
operation of casting the valve is permanently raised and the cut-off for the molten
metal is provided by the plunger which is square in cross-section and which may be
reciprocated in the cylinder m' by the lever n¹ pivoted at o¹ and connected to the top
of said plunger by the link pl as shown. The cylinder m¹ is braced to the masonary
at g' and is connected to the outlet so that the molten metal from the latter may
flow into the lower end of the former, as shown in dotted lines. In the position shown
the plunger is down, closing the outlet at the end of the cylinder m².
In using this part of the apparatus the mold being in proper condition, is placed
upon the fable F as shown, and its mouth is brought in proper alignment with the
outlet of the cylinder m, and maintained in that position by means of the
set-screw d¹.
In this position of the parts the lever to is depressed, causing the shank u and its
connected plate to rise. This movement causes the mold to be elevated until its
opening is in close contact with the end of the outlet e and the locking of the lever w
in the ratchet secures the apparatus in this condition. The valve having previ-
ously been opened, the elevation of lever n¹ permits the molten metal to flow into the
mold, and when it is full, and preliminary to operating the cut-off g already described,
the lever is suddenly depressed causing the plunger to descend with the effect of
compacting the lead within the mold before it has sensibly cooled. I have found by
experiment that the effect of a sudden blow upon the molten metal within the mold
while it is congealing, but before it has fully set, is to increase the density of the
metal, and close its pores, thus giving a smooth finish to the article operated upon-
and hence producing a more reliable article and enhancing the merchantable qualities
of the same.
In using the apparatus herein described the support for the mold will be arranged
in convenient proximity to the mouth-shaping and finishing mechanism, so that the pro-
cess of manufacturing may be carried on expeditiously. And one melting pot may be
utilized for several plungers by making the pot of sufficient capacity and providing it
with several outlets and valves.
The mechanism by which the incomplete trap-body, as it comes from the mold, is
finished by the shaping of its mouth and inserting of the female screw-thread nut will
be now described.
Referring to figures 8, (sheet II), 9, 10 and 11 (sheet III) the letter G indicates
the cast iron frame of the machine which preferably is of the form shown in figure 8,
and is provided with a lateral extension H at its base which has a depression therein
for the reception of the projection s on the bottom of the cast iron die J. The die J
bas its interior so shaped as to conform exactly to the exterior of the bottom of the
cast trap-body in order to furnish a substantial rest therefor during the process of
finishing the mouth of the trap.
The top of the frame G is provided with a bracket K which furnishes bearings
for the shaft L which carries the pulleys M, N, through the intervention of which,

page_text: and suitable belting, power is communicated to the apparatus. The pulley Mis
fast upon the shaft L while the pulley N is loose thereon. O is a shipper which
operates in the usual manner to start or stop the apparatus by shipping the belt P
from one pulley to the other in an obvious manner. The shaft L is journalled at t¹ t¹
and has rigidly affixed to its projecting end the pinion ¹ which meshes with the
bevel wheel the hub of the latter being seated and adapted to turn in the projection w¹
on the bearing Q.
R. is a sliding head which is secured to the upper part of the frame G in an adjust-
able manner by the bolts a². The outer portion of the head R is provided with guides 62
for the rack bar S which may move up and down therethrough. The letter c² indicates
a shaft journalled in boxes d2 and carrying at one of its ends the hand wheel e².
Mounted upon the shaft c² between the journal boxes d² d² is a pinion f² adapted to
mesh with the teeth of the rack bar S. By this means the rack and mechanism
carried thereby may be raised or lowered independently of the means by which the
apparatus is driven.
T is a counter balance weight which enables the operating
mechanism depending from the lower end of the rack bar S-which is caused to travel
downward by operating the hand wheel e² as explained to be easily elevated when it.
is desired to raise the same away from contact with the trap that has been operated
upon. The weight T is secured to the rack bar S by a chain or cord U passing over
pulleys V.
The letter g² represents a ratchet-wheel rigidly mounted on the shaft c² between the
hand wheel and the journal box nearest said wheel; and 2 represents a pawl
arrangement which comprises a curved arm pivoted to a projection on the sliding
head it, and a block 12 and screw m² which passes through said block 12 and through
a boss or curved arm. By this construction the pawl can be quickly adjusted to
drop into the required tooth of the ratchet wheel 92. The object of ratchet-wheel g
and its pawl arrangement is for the purpose of locking the hand wheel e² rigidly in
position when a trap-body is being operated upon so that the mechanism carried by
the rack bar S will be held steadily in the required position and not be permitted to
rise while the neck of the trap is being fashioned.
W represents a cast iron follower which is secured to the rack-bar S in the manner
shown or in any suitable manner. The upper end of follower W is screw-threaded
as shown. The lower end of follower W is provided with a detachable foot n² having
a curved bottom conforming to the curvature of the interior of the bottom of the trap, .
but sufficiently small to enable its withdrawal from the trap when the mouth of the
latter has been perfected. The purpose of foot n² is to assist in maintaining the
trap-body firmly in an upright position while undergoing operation by the mouth-
shaping mechanism. The foot n² is made detachable in order that several lengths of
the same may be employed, and thus enable the follower to be lengthened or
shortened according to the depth of trap to be operated upon.
At a proper position on the follower, intermediate between its foot and upper end,
there is formed a cylindrical enlargement o² above which is a collar of greater
diameter p². The enlargement o² is somewhat less in diameter than the diameter the
mouth of the trap will measure when perfected. The circumference of enlarge-
ment o is provided with screw threads which enable the brass female screw-threaded
ring which is to be secured in the mouth of the trap, to be firmly held in place while
the process of compressing the trap's mouth thereupon is being performed. The
metallic washer I propose to secure in the mouth of the trap above the screw-threaded
nut may be slipped onto the enlargement o² previous to screwing the nut thereon.
The letter is a brass bushing fitted upon the follower W and keyed to the hub r².
This bushing receives the gear wheel and the plate which latter carries the
rollers u²; the said bushing q furnishing a bearing for the gear wheel and plate, as
is apparent from the drawing. The hub is provided with an arm ² which carries
the pinion w² which meshes with the gear wheels. The letter a³ indicates a sleeve
screw threaded internally, provided with the hand wheel and fitting upon the
screw-threaded top of the follower W. The nut is provided with an interior
shoulder which rests upon the flange at the lower end of the sleeve a³-and the lower

page_text: end of said nut c³ screws onto the upper portion of the hub thereby being firmly
secured to the hub. The lower end of the brass bushing and the interior of the
hub are provided with shoulders which serve as bearings respectively for the gear
wheels and hub 12.
By the above described mechanism the mouth shaping rollers are capable of being
elevated or lowered independently of the mechanism by which the rollers are revolved,
(and independently of the mechanism by which the follower W and rack bar S are
elevated and lowered), as it is plain that by turning the hand-wheel ³ in the proper
direction the sleeve a³, hub 2 and its arm and attached pinion, with the gear wheel s²,
bushing and the rollers are raised or lowered upon the follower W.
The pinion is supported and guided by the projection d³ extending from the hub
of the pinion into a slot in the brace e secured to the frame of the machine.
The rod is square in cross section, is secured in the hub of the bevel wheel v¹,
and passes through a square hole in the hub of the pinion w². By this means the
pinion may slide up and down on the rod f3 in the operation of raising or lowering
the roller mechanism through the instrumentality of the hand wheel 3, and when the
shaft L is caused to revolve the rod f3 being fast in the hub of the bevel wheel e' also
revolves and as the hole in the pinion w² is square, said pinion necessarily revolves
with the rod and consequently causes the gear wheels with which the pinion 102
meshes and which carries the series of rollers to revolve likewise.
Five, more or less, of the rollers u² may be employed, and their function is to give
shape to the mouth of the trap and compress the lead around the female screw-
threaded nut and metallic washer. The rollers u² are so shaped upon their surface as
to give the required finish and form to the neck of the trap. At the top of the roller
is the flange g³ of a width sufficient to overlap the top edge of the trap, and its
surface just below the flange ³, is cylindrical and perpendicular to properly shape
the exterior of the neck of the trap, while below the perpendicular portion ³ the roller
is curved inwardly as at 3 to properly shape the shoulders of the trap below its neck.
The rollers are secured to the flange ², figure S, by means of headed spindles and
nuts m³. By this means the rollers may be accurately adjusted upon the plate 12 and
rendered capable of revolution independently of one another.
In figure 10 are illustrated certain variations of the apparatus, showing the rollers
and means whereby they are secured in position so as to be capable of exerting
uniform pressure upon the neck and shoulders of the trap as they are fed downward,
by the means shown, in the act of shaping the trap's mouth. In this view the
follower W, bushing q², the hub 2, nut c³, sleeve a³, hand wheel 63, gear wheel s², and
pinion w occupy the same relative positions as in figure 8. In figure 10 however
the hub is elongated at the bottom and provided with a left hand screw-thread for
the reception of a hand wheel n; and to enable said hand wheel to be operated in the
position it occupies the arm v² of the hub is made to curve upwardly and is secured
to the top of the hub of the pinion w² instead of to its side, as in figure 8. So,
likewise, the hub of the gear-wheel is slightly elongated in the construction of
figure 10 and the flange of said hub instead of being perforated merely as in
figure 8 is slotted from the circumference toward the centre as shown in the detached
view figure 11, the purpose of which being to permit the lengthened extension o³ of
the bolt to move toward or from the centre of said flange t2 as now explained. The
extension o³ is secured by a hinged joint p³ to a bolt secured in the gear wheel s² near
its hub, and the lower portion of said extension 03 is broader than its upper portion
whereby an inclined surface is formed upon its outer side. Resting loosely upon
said inclined surface ³ is a ring ³ whose inner circumference is bevelled to conform
to the inclination 3. Ring 3 is provided with four (more or less) pins s³ rigidly
affixed to the top surface of said ring and passing through holes in the gear
wheels. The tops of these pins sa are provided with small friction rollers with
which the wheel n³ comes in contact when said wheel is screwed down for the purpose
of depressing the guide pins 3 and consequently the ring carried by the lower ends
of said pins. The advantage of this construction is that the required pressure upon
the neck and shoulders of the trap-body may be exerted with greater uniformity than

page_text: can be done where the rollers are rigidly secured to the flange of the hub of the gear
wheel s².
The manner of using this mechanism is as follows: The trap body as it comes
from the casting or drawing mechanism in its incompleted form is placed in the die J
the rack bar S being elevated by the hand wheel so as to carry the foot n² of the
follower W above the upper end of the trap-body. In lowering the follower into the
trap, which is done through the instrumentality of the hand wheel e the rollers are
elevated by means of the hand wheel 63 in order that when the foot of the follower is
firmly seated in the bottom of the trap the rollers are away from contact with the
trap's mouth. In this position the pawl mechanism 2 &c. is adjusted so as to become
locked in the ratchet wheel g² thereby holding the wheel e² rigidly and consequently
insuring the maintaining of the foot of the follower in a stationary position within the
trap. As thus adjusted the enlargement o² of the follower W occupies a position
directly on a line with the neck of the trap-body, and the collar above the enlarge-
ment of occupies a position with its lower surface in about the same plane as the top
surface of the mouth of the trap. As a preliminary operation, before the follower W
is lowered into the trap-body its screw-threaded enlargement o² is supplied with a
female screw threaded nut and metallic washer (when the latter is to be used in
conjunction with the nut), which is done by slipping the washer over the enlargement
and screwing the nut onto said enlargement. Thus equipped the follower is lowered
into the trap-body in the manner already explained, and through the medium of the
shipper, power is applied to revolve the rod and with it the pinion w² and gear
wheels with the series of revoluble rollers attached to the flange of its hub. As the
rollers revolve around the follower W they are slowly fed downward by means of the
hand wheel 3 and coming in contact with the mouth of the trap body t* they begin to
revolve upon their own axis as they move bodily around the said trap. The speed of
the downward movement of the rollers, is under the control of the operator. By the
described shape of the rollers u² the desired conformation is given to the neck of the
trap and at the same time the lead of the trap's mouth is firmly compressed upon
the nut and washer located upon the enlargement o² of the follower W. By the
flanges of the rollers the top edge of the trap's mouth is smoothed and compressed
during the revolution of the roller mechanism.
When the desired finish has been produced upon the mouth of the trap which
requires but a few seconds, the hand wheel 3 is turned in the reverse direction with
the effect of elevating the rollers away from the trap's mouth, and, the pawl
arrangement being released, through the medium of hand-wheel e the follower W is
quickly lifted with the trap sufficiently high to permit the trap to be unscrewed, and
replaced by another trap body for treatment. These manipulations may be performed
without stopping the revolution of the rollers, as is obvious.
In operating the apparatus when it embodies the construction of figure 10 the
rollers exert but a slight pressure upon the mouth of the trap when they first come
in contact therewith, as their tendency is to swing outward on the hinges p³. But
when the work is fairly started the revolution of the hand wheel n³ by exerting
pressure upon the guides 3 forces the ring down the incline q3 of the extension o³
of the roller bolts with the effect of throwing the rollers toward a common centre
and thus compress the lead of the mouth of the trap casting into the required
shape.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. A contractible core, in combination with a horizontally divided sectional mold,
the top section whereof is provided with an inlet for molten metal, and a cut-off
within the mold, the inner surface of which cut-off is on a plane coincident with the
plane of the bottom of the casting, substantially as and for the purpose described.
2. A mold having an inlet for the molten metal, in combination with a slotted

page_text: revoluble cut-off within the mold, the inner surface of which cut-off is on a plane
coincident with the plane of the bottom of the casting, substantially as set forth."
3. A contractible core having a dome shaped top, in combination with a horizontally
divided sectional mold, the inner surface of the top section whereof has curved sides
and a flat bottom, and an inlet provided with a revoluble cut-off whose inner surface
is on a plane coincident with the plane of the flat bottom of said top section,
substantially as set forth.
4. A core supporting mandrel, and a longitudinally divided sectional core, movably
connected to and contractible upon the mandrel, in combination with a horizontally
divided sectional mold, substantially as set forth.
5. In a mold, a core mandrel provided with equi-distant longitudinal slots, cylin-
drical in cross-section, in combination with a longitudinally divided sectional core,
each section whereof having a central longitudinal rib with a cylindrical extremity
which co-operates with a slot in the mandrel, and an expanding and contracting
device, substantially as set forth.
6. The longitudinally slotted mandrel in combination with the longitudinally ribbed
sectional core, the screw-threaded adjusting nuts at the base of the mandrel, and an
expanding and contracting device, substantially as set forth.
7. A core mandrel, and a longitudinally divided sectional core contractible upon
the mandrel, in combination with an expanding wedge operating between two of the
core sections, substantially as set forth.
8. A core mandrel provided with a longitudinal dovetail slot in its circumference
and a longitudinally divided sectional core contractible upon the mandrel, in combi-
nation with an expanding wedge formed with a dovetail-shaped guide which co-operates
with the dovetail slot in the mandrel, substantially as set forth.
9. A core mandrel provided with a longitudinally dovetail slot in its circumference,
the straight or rear wall whereof is inclined frou top to bottom as explained, in
combination with an expanding wedge having a dovetail-shaped guide whose rear
wall is inclined to conform to the incline of the rear wall of the slot in the mandrel,
and a longitudinally divided sectional core contractible upon said mandrel, substantially
as set forth.
10. A core mandrel, and a longitudinally divided sectional core contractible upon
the mandrel and having a dome shaped top as shown, in combination with an expanding
wedge the top whereof conforms to the contour of the dome of the core, substantially
as set forth.
11. The core mandrel and the longitudinally divided sectional core, in combination
with the expanding wedge and the lever e pivotally connected to the lower end of said
wedge, substantially as set forth.
12. The core mandrel and the longitudinally divided sectional core contractible
upon the mandrel, in combination with the sectional mold, the base section whereof
is provided with a depression for the reception of the lower end of the core, said
depression being of greater width than the thickness of the material composing the
body of the core, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
13. A core mandrel, a sectional contractible core, and an expanding wedge extending
below the bottom of the core, in combination with a sectional mold, the base section
whereof is slotted vertically and laterally, and a lever for elevating and depressing the
wedge, substantially as shown and set forth.
14. In combination with the mandrel, core, and expanding wedge, the handle e
provided with the set screw t, substantially as set forth.
15. In combination with a melting pot and a mold, the centrally slotted table F,
plate having a shank as shown, and a lever pivotally connected to said shank,
substantially as set forth.
16. The table F, centrally slotted and provided with the plates bv the former
having a lug c¹ and the latter a shank u, in combination with the lever w, a mold, set
screw d¹, and a melting pot, substantially as set forth.
17. In combination with the mold and means for raising and lowering it, the

page_text: cylinder m', provided with a plunger and means for operating it, and a melting pot
substantially as set forth.
18. The melting pot f¹ having an outlet, as e¹, and the cylinder m² provided with a
plunger, in combination with the mold, substantially as set forth.
19. The melting pot f' provided with a valve as shown, and having an outlet e¹, in
combination with cylinder m' provided with a plunger, and the mold, substantially as
set forth.
20. The trap supporting die J having curved side walls and a flat bottom, sub-
stantially as set forth.
21. The frame G provided with a lateral foot H having a depression, combined with
the die J having a central projection on its bottom, and the follower W and means for
raising and lowering the latter, substantially as set forth.
22. The frame G and sliding head R having guides 622, combined with the rack
bar S and means for operating the latter, and the follower W, substantially as set
forth.
23. The follower W provided with the detachable foot n², substantially as set
forth.
24. The follower W having a screw-threaded enlargement o², and a curved foot
piece, substantially as set forth.
25. In combination with the follower W provided with the bushing p², the flange t³,
a set of shaping rollers as u², and gearing for operating the same, substantially as set
forth.
26. The follower W provided with the bushing p², in combination with a series of
shaping rollers revolubly connected to the flange t³, and gearing for operating the
same, substantially as set forth.
27. A series of shaping rollers, as u², each provided with a flange at its top, a
perpendicular cylindrical surface below said flange, and an inwardly curved surface
below said perpendicular portion, substantially as set forth.
28. The follower W, provided with the gear-wheel and series of shaping rollers as
shown, combined with the pinion w², square rod f³ and means for revolving said rod,
substantially as set forth.
29. The follower W, and series of rollers, as u?, combined with the hub, sleeve a³,
and hand-wheel 63, substantially as set forth.
30. The follower W, screw-threaded at its upper end, flange t², and the rollers u²,
combined with the hub² having an arm ², nut c³, sleeve a³, and wheel 63, substantially
as set forth.
31. The follower, and its foot n², combined with the rack bar S, pawl and ratchet
arrangement g² ² and hand wheel e, substantially as set forth.
32. The flange 2 provided with radial slots, in combination with rollers ² suspended
from a disk upon hinged supports, and suitable means for operating said rollers and
forcing them inwardly, substantially as described.
33. The flange t slotted radially, and a series of rollers u² suspended from a toothed
disk upon hinged supports having inclined surfaces, in combination with ring 13,
guides and wheel n³, substantially as described.
34. The gear wheel carrying a series of rollers u², supported upon hinged
bolts or rods, in combination with hub 2, wheel n³, ring ³, guides s³ and pinion w²,
substantially as described.