IMPROVEMENTS IN IRON MANUFACTURE
Year: 1884

page_text: This Specification was, upon the 1st day of January, 1887, amended under
Sections 18 to 21 of the Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks Act, 1883.
I PATRICK BARRY of N° 48 Newlyn Road, Tottenham, London, in the County
of Middlesex, Journalist and Author, do hereby declare the nature of my invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN IRON MANUFACTURE" to be as follows:-
These improvements apply to iron ore in its various forms when reduced and
still in the crucible of the blast furnace; to pig iron in its various forms; and to
scrap cast iron in its innumerable qualities and kinds.
One and all of these forms, varieties and kinds admit of assuming the properties
of steel in their existing or normal condition of crude iron.
These improvements take the new departure of imparting the properties of steel
to cast iron as such; steel making hitherto having taken the form of imparting the
properties of steel to wrought iron or to the equivalents of wrought iron namely,
to iron in a condition more or less susceptible of forging or drawing under the
hammer.
The improvements of this invention imparting the properties of steel to crude
or cast iron may, in the case of the blast furnace which has been used for
the reduction of metallic iron ore, conveniently take this form; the slag having
been allowed to overflow, the steel converting material is thrown in the molten
mass and afterwards the molten mass is run into sows or pigs in the usual manner.
The sows or pigs are now steel, in other words they are a hardening and tempering
metal. In the same manner tram and other rails and wheels and telegraph posts
may be run into sand moulds direct from the blast furnace, taking afterwards in the
usual manner such temper as may be required.
In the case of the ordinary Cupola Furnace no alteration or special lining is
required, and after the fire has been lighted and well heated by the blast, the
converting material is thrown in upon the coke, and upon the converting material
a layer of coke is thrown in afterwards the iron is charged into the Cupola in the
ordinary manner.
-
.

page_text: I will now describe my improvements in their application to the production of
tram rails and plane irons for cutting wood, direct from the Foundry Cupola.
32
or
I take say 2 Cwt of N° 1 "Calder or N° 1 "Carron" for common qualities; for
superior qualities I take say 2 Cwt of N° 2 "Cinderford" or N° 2 "Cleator
other equivalent pig irons.
The furnace being lighted in the ordinary way and well heated with the blast
I throw in say 7 lbs in weight of grain Emery and say 7 lbs of black oxide of
Manganese, and, if great fluidity is required say 1 lb of Chloride of lead, separately
or combined in any convenient form.
Upon this converting material I throw the 2 Cwt of pig iron, put on the blast
and run into green or dry sand moulds in the usual manner.
The castings are then in a condition to be hardened and tempered in the usual
manner of steel made from wrought iron or its equivalents.
The above is an illustration of my invention of giving the properties of steel to
crude or pig iron, but I may make use of any metallic earth or metallic substance
whose properties are harder than those of iron.

page_text: I, PATRICK BARRY of N° 48 Newlyn Road, Tottenham, London, in the County
of Middlesex, Journalist and Author do hereby declare the nature of my invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN IRON MANUFACTURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A HARDENING AND
TEMPERING METAL OR STEEL" and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
These Improvements apply to crude iron ore in its various forms when reduced and
still in the crucible of the blast furnace; to pig iron in its various forms; and to
scrap cast iron in its innumerable qualities and kinds and they have for their object to
impart thereto the hardening and
One and all of these forme, varieties and kinds admit of assuming the tempering
properties of Steel in their existing or normal condition of without appreciably decar-
burising the crude iron. The definition of steel being that of a metal capable-of
retaining in low temperatures its natural or specific hent; and also capable of
retaining measurable heat within the usual range of the utilities, as in tempering.
These improvements take the new departure of imparting the properties of Steel
to cast iron as such; Steel making hitherto having taken the form of imparting
the properties of steel to wrought iron or to the equivalents of wrought iron
namely, to iron in a condition more or less susceptible of forging or drawing under
the hammer.
The improvements of this Invention To imparting the Hardening and tempering
properties of Steel to crude or cast iron may in the case of as reduced in the blast
furnace which has been used for the reduction of metallic iron ore conveniently take
this form, I may proceed as follows The slag having been allowed to overflow, the
steel converting materials is Hereafter specified are thrown in to the molten mass
either whilst the same is still in the blast furnace or preferably when it has been run into
a ladle and afterwards when thoroughly incorporated therewith the molten mass is run
into sows or pigs moulds in the usual manner. The sows or pigs are now Steel, in
other words they are a capable of hardening and tempering metal. In the same
manner tram and other rails and wheels and telegraph posts and other merchantable
articles may be run cast inte sand moulds direct from the blast furnace the castings
taking afterwards in the usual manner such temper as may be required.
In the case of the ordinary Cupola Furnace no alteration or special lining is
required and after the fire has been lighted and the furnace well heated by the blast the
converting material is thrown in upon the coke, and upon the converting material
a layer of coke is thrown in; afterwards the iron is being afterwards charged into the
Cupola in the ordinary manner care being taken to avoid the use of any flux.
I will now describe my improvements in their application to the production of
In order to cast tram-rails and edge tools such as plane irons for cutting wood for
example direct from the foundry Cupola,
I take say 2 ewt of N° 1 "Calder" or N" 1 "Carron" for common qualities;
(for such castings as tram rails) for superior qualities I take my 2 cwt of or N 2
Cinderford" or N° 2 "Cleator" or other equivalent pig irons for such rastings as
edge tools.
The furnace being lighted in the ordinary way and well heated with the blasi
I throw in for every 2 cut of pig iron say 7 lbs in weight of grain Emery and say
7 lbs of Black Oxide of Manganese, and, if great fluidity is required say 1 lb of
Chloride of Lead, separately or combined in any convenient form.

page_text: Upon this converting material I throw the 2-Cwt of pig-iron, put on the blast
and run into green or dry sand moulds in the usual manner.
The castings are then in a condition to be hardened and tempered in the usual
manner of Steel made from wrought iron or its equivalents. I may however use the
Emery alone.
Or in lieu of Emery I may use other substances possessing analogous
properties in respect of alumina and metallic oxide.
The above is an illustration of my Invention of giving the properties of Steel to
erude or pig iron but I may make use of any metallic earth or metallic substance
whose properties are harder than those of iron:
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to he performed, I declare that what I Claim is
-
First. The treatment of crude or cast Iron as described in a blast furnace or a
Cupola, or when under similar suitable conditions for the production of a hardening
and tempering metal, or steel, as above defined, such treatment consisting in the
admixture with the molten metal of a mixture of Emery and Black Oxide of Manganese
with or without the addition of Chloride of Lead substantially as above described and
for the purposes set forth.
Second. The production of chemically impure Steel, substantially in the manner
hereinbefore specified.
Third. 2nd For the aforesaid purpose, the use of Emery or other substances having
analogous properties in the manner substantially as above described.
Fourth For the aforesaid purpose the use of metallic and other substances harder
than the iron used by me or capable of effecting the desired conversion, as for
example rolled, or hammered steel, white pig iron, spiegel, ferro manganese; or
oxide of manganese in the manner substantially as above described.
Fifth. The aforesaid agents and the aforesaid modes, with such convenient
changes-in-application as may be necessary for the production of all such articles
as are usually made in chilled, or semi chilled iron, in case hardened iron,-in
German Steel, in crucible steel, and in the various forms of mild, and semi mild
steel, of the Bessemer, and Siemens types.

page_text: I PATRICK BARRY of N° 48 Newlyn Road, Tottenham, London, in the County
of Middlesex, Journalist and Author, do hereby declare the nature of my invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN IRON MANUFACTURE to be as follows:-
"
These improvements apply to iron ore in its various forms when reduced and
still in the crucible of the blast furnace; to pig iron in its various forms; and to
sorap cast iron in its innumerable qualities and kinds.
One and all of these forms, varieties and kinds admit of assuming the properties
of steel in their existing or normal condition of crude iron.
These improvements take the new departuro of imparting the properties of steel
to cast iron as such; steel making hitherto having taken the form of imparting the
properties of steel to wrought iron or to the equivalents of wrought iron namely,
to iron in a condition more or less susceptible of forging or drawing under the
hammer.
The improvements of this invention imparting the properties of steel to crude
or cast iron nay, in the case of the blast furnace which has been used for
the reduction of metallic iron ore, conveniently take this form; the slag having
been allowed to overflow, the steel converting material is thrown in the molten
inass and afterwards the molten mass is run into sows or pigs in the usual manner.
The sows or pigs are now steel, in other words they are a hardening and tempering
metal. In the same manner tram and other rails and wheels and telegraph posts
may be run into sand moulds direct from the blast furnace, taking afterwards in the
usual manner such temper as may be required.
In the case of the ordinary Cupola Furnace no alteration or special lining is
required, and after the fire has been lighted and well heated by the blast, the
converting material is thrown in upon the coke, and upon the converting material
a layer of coke is thrown in; afterwards the iron is charged into the Cupola in the
ordinary manner.
I will now describe my improve:nents in their application to the production of
tram rails and plane irons for cutting wood, direct from the Foundry Cupola.
23
I take say 2 Cwt of N° 1 "Calder" or N° 1 "Carron" for common qualities; for
superior qualities I take say 2 Cvt of No.2 " Cinderford" or N° 2 "Cleatori or
other equivalent pig irons.

page_text: The furnace being lighted in the ordinary way and well heated with the blast
I throw in say 7 lbs in weight of grain Emery and say 7 lbs of black oxide of
Manganese, and, if great fluidity is required say 1 lb of Chloride of lead, separately
or combined in any convenient form.
Upon this converting material I throw the 2 Cwt of pig iron, put on the blast
and run into green or dry sand moulds in the usual manner.
The castings are then in a condition to be hardened and tempered in the usual
manner of steel made from wrought iron or its equivalents.
The above is an illustration of my invention of giving the properties of steel to
crude or pig iron, but I may make use of any metallic earth or metallic substance
whose properties are harder than those of iron.
Dated this Eighth day of January 1884.

page_text: I, PATRICK BARRY of N° 48 Newlyn Road, Tottenham, London, in the County
of Middlesex, Journalist and Author do hereby declare the nature of my invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN IRON MANUFACTURE' and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
These Improvements apply to iron ore in its various forms when reduced and
still in the crucible of the blast furnace; to pig iron in its various forms; and to
scrap cast iron in its innumerable qualities and kinds.
One and all of these forms, varieties and kinds admit of assuming the properties
of Steel in their existing or normal condition of crude iron: The definition of steel
being that of a metal capable of retaining in low temperatures its natural or
specific heat, and also capable of retaining measurable heat within the usual range
of the utilities, as in tempering.
These improvements take the new departure of imparting the properties of Steel
to cast iron as such; Steel making hitherto having taken the form of imparting
the properties of steel to wrought iron or to the equivalents of wrought iron
namely, to iron in a condition more or less susceptible of forging or drawing under
the hammer.
The
The improvements of this Invention imparting the properties of Steel to crude
or cast iron may in the case of the blast furnace which has been used for the
reduction of metallic iron ore conveniently take this form, the slag having been
allowed to overflow, the steel converting material is thrown in the molten mass and
afterwards the molten mass is run into sows or pigs in the usual manner.
Bows or pigs are now Steel, in other words they are a hardening and tempering
metal. In the same manner tram and other rails and wheels and telegraph posts
may be run into sand moulds direct from the blast furnace taking afterwards in
the usual manner such temper as may be required.
In the case of the ordinary Cupola Furnace no alteration or special lining is
required and after the fire has been lighted and well heated by the blast the
converting material is thrown in upon the coke, and upon the converting material
a layer of coke is thrown in; afterwards the iron is charged into the Cupola in
the ordinary manner.
I will now describe my improvements in their application to the production of
tram-rails and plane irons for cutting wood direct from the foundry Cupola.
"
I take say 2 cwt of N° 1 "Calder" or N° 1 "Carron" for common qualities;
for superior qualities I take say 2 cwt of N° 2 "Cinderford" or N° 2 "Cleator
or other equivalent pig irons.
The furnace being lighted in the ordinary way and well heated with the blast
I throw in say 7 lbs in weight of grain Emery and say 7 lbs of Black Oxide of
Manganese, and, if great fluidity is required say 1 lb of Chloride of Lead, separately
or combined in any convenient form.
Upon this converting material I throw the 2 Cwt of pig-iron, put on the blast
and run into green or dry sand moulds in the usual manner.
The castings are then in a condition to be hardened and tempered in the usual
manner of Steel made from wrought iron or its equivalents.
The above is an illustration of my Invention of giving the properties of Steel to
crude or pig-iron but I may make use of any metallic earth or metallic substance
whose properties are harder than those of iron.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I Claim is:
First. The treatment of cast Iron as described in a blast furnace or a Cupola, or
when under similar suitable conditions for the production of a hardening and
tempering metal, or steel, as above defined, substantially as above described and for
the purposes set forth.
Second. The production of chemically impure Steel, substantially in the manner
herein before specified.
Third. For the aforesaid purpose, the use of Emery or other substances having
analagous properties in the manner substantially as above described.
Fourth. For the aforesaid purpose the use of metallic and other substances harder
than the iron used by me or capable of effecting the desired conversion, as for
example rolled, or hammered steel, white pig-iron, spiegel, ferro-manganese; or
oxide of manganese in the manner substantially as above described.
Fifth. The aforesaid agents and the aforesaid modes, with such convenient
changes in application as may be necessary for the production of all such articles
as are usually made in chilled, or semi-chilled iron, in case hardened iron, in
German Steel, in crucible steel, and in the various forms of mild, and semi-mild
steel, of the Bessemer, and Siemens types.