IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- ----- DHL
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Americus Fanshawe, of Tottenham, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, and James Archibald Jaques, of the
same Place, Chemist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
----- DHL "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Americus Fanshawe
and James Archibald Jaques at the Office of the Commissioner's of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 24th December 1860.
We, JOHN AMERICUS FANSHAWE, of Tottenham, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, and JAMES ARCHIBALD JAQUES, of the same Place, Chemist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF FABRICS WITH RUBBING OR FRICTION SURFACES," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention of improvements in the manufacture of fabrics with rubbing
or friction surfaces, relates to a novel mode of manufacturing fabrics which
may be used as towelling or as medical rubbers. The Invention consists in
introducing into the fabric strands of vulcanized india-rubber warp threads,
either covered or uncovered, but in a distended state, so that when the rubber
strands are allowed to contract they will draw or loop up the non-elastic warp
threads and thereby produce a corrugated or looped surface. We sometimes
propose to introduce or weave into the fabric tufts, bunches, or strands of
horsehair or some other analogous material or fibres which may be considered

page_text: applicable to form a rubbing or friction surface, and when these fibres are cut
or divided, and the india-rubber strands are allowed to contract, a rubbing or
friction surface will be produced..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Americus Fanshawe and James Archibald Jaques in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 24th June 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
AMERICUS FANSHAWE, of Tottenham, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer,
and JAMES ARCHIBALD JAQUES, of the same Place, Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
John Americus Fanshawe and James Archibald Jaques, Her special license
that we, the said John Americus Fanshawe and James Archibald Jaques, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said John
Americus Fanshawe and James Archibald Jaques, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FABRICS WITH RUBBING
OR FRICTION SURFACES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
John Americus Fanshawe and James Archibald Jaques, by an instrument in
writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months'next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Americus Fanshawe and James
Archibald Jaques, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had to
the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon
(that is to say)-
Our Invention of improvements in the manufacture of fabrics with rubbing

page_text: or friction surfaces, relates to a novel mode of manufacturing fabrics which
may be used as towelling or as medical rubbers. The "Invention consists in
introducing into the fabric during its manufacture strands of vulcanized
india-rubber warp threads either covered or uncovered, but. in a. distended.
state, so that when the rubber strands are allowed to contract. they will draw.
or loop up the non-elastic warp threads and thereby produce a corrugated or..
looped surface. We sometimes propose to.introduce or. weave. into the fabric
tufts, bunches, or strands of horsehair, or some other analogous material or
fibres which may be considered applicable to form a rubbing or friction surface,
and when these fibres are cut or divided and the india-rubber strands are
allowed to contract, a rubbing or friction surface will be produced.
The elastic or india-rubber strands may be combined with the non-elastic.
strands in a variety of ways, in order to produce corrugated surfaces of
different appearance.
In the several Figures in the accompanying. Drawing I have shewn modes of
producing the corrugations or loops of which the roughened rubbing surface.
is formed. Figures 1, 2, and 3 represent different kinds of fabric, composed
of elastic and non-elastic strands arranged, combined, and interwoven in
various ways, and extended or stretched out as in the process of weaving;
Figures 2 and 3 represent edge views of the fabrics, shewn at Figures 2 and 3
in their uncontracted state, and Figures 1b, 2, and 3b, represent the three
kinds of fabrics contracted by the force of the elastic strands.
a, a, a, a, are the elastic strands which are arranged as warp threads about
one quarter of an inch apart throughout the width of the fabric; b, b, b, b, are
the parts of the fabric that are composed of non-elastic strands, and which, when
the fabric is contracted, form the corrugated or roughened rubbing or friction
surface it is desired to produce.
In Fig. 1 it will be seen that the non-elastic strands are woven into an
ordinary cloth, that is, the heddles rise and fall alternately, and move the
whole of the non-elastic warp up and down in the ordinary manner of weaving
plain calicoes. In Fig. 2, however, the non-elastic warp threads are divided
into a live and dead warp. That portion of the threads which form the live
warp are moved up and down by the heddles, and form with the weft a light
foundation fabric, while the dead warp remains on the surface and is only
tied down at intervals by the weft, say, at every tenth, twelfth, or fifteenth
shoot, as may be desired. This leaves a length of, say, a quarter or one-third
of an inch of warp floating on the surface of the fabric, and when the elastic
strands are allowed to contract, these floating threads will be looped up as
shown at Tie b

page_text: Fig. 8 represents another mode of combining and arranging the non-elastic
warp threads. In this, instance also, the, warp. is divided into what may be
termed live and dead.warp.. The live warp forms the foundation of the fabric,
as before, but instead of all the dead warp being thrown up on one side of the
cloth, as in Figures 2 and 2ª, it is divided by a pair of heddles, so that one-
half of the dead warp will be thrown up on the front and the other half on
the back of the fabric, as seen best at Fig. 3*.
When it is desired to introduce horsehair in the manufacture of our improved
fabrics, this material may be employed as a kind of dead warp in conjunction
with non-elastic fibrous strands, but it must be tied down at intervals to the
foundation fabric by a binding weft thread, in a similar manner to that
employed for securing the figure warp threads in carpet weaving, or the horse
hair may be secured by cross weaving, or otherwise.
Having now described our Invention of "Improvements in the Manufacture
of Fabrics with Rubbing or Friction Surfaces," and having explained the
manner of carrying the same into effect, we claim as our Invention the mode
herein set forth of producing rubbing or friction surfaces on woven fabrics.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Americus Fanshawe and James
Archibald Jaques, have hereunto set our hands and seals, the Twenty-
first day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-one.