Improvements in Chucks
Year: 1896

page_text: "Improvements in Chucks."
:
I, ERNEST HENRY VOGEL, Machinist, of No. 12 Broome Street, in the City, County
and State of New York, United States of America, do hereby delare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to certain improvements in chucks of that class which
can be set or unset without the use of a wrench and in which the jaws are guided in
inclined grooves of a conical centre-piece in forward or backward direction and
applied to the tool to be held by a primary setting action and retained thereon by a
final setting action and the invention consists of a chuck which comprises jaws guided
in inclined grooves of the supporting centre piece an exterior conical sleeve that
engages by an interior screw-thread lugs on the jaws an axially-turning handle ring
engaging the cylindrical rear portion of the sleeve spring-cushioned blocks arranged
in recesses of the handle ring and a shoulder of the rear portion of the conical sleeve
inclined cam faces on the shoulders of the rear portion of the conical sleeve and of the
handle ring and a pawl and ratchet mechanism interposed between the handle ring
sleeve and the centre piece so as to produce the locking of the sleeve after the final
adjustment of the jaws has been accomplished.
The clamping faces of the jaws of the chuck are arranged parallel with the axis of
of the chuck while the shank portions are arranged at an angle of inclination
towards said axis and guided in correspondingly inclined grooves of the conical end
of a centre piece. A guide cone is attached by screws to the front end of the
centre piece of the chuck.
Each said jaw is provided at its rear end with a lug which forms a portion of
a screw-thread and which is engaged by an interior spiral groove of a conical
sleeve that extends by a flange at its front end over the said stationary guide cone.
The rear portion of a conical sleeve is made cylindrical said cylindrical portion
being provided with an interior collar having a semi-circular groove. The said
centre piece is provided with recesses in which are arranged spring cushioned
blocks that are provided with shoulders that abut against a shoulder of the said
A second set of blocks is arranged
collar of the cylindrical portion of the sleeve.
in line with the said spring-cushion blocks in the recess of the centre piece said
blocks being provided in their adjacent portions with sockets in which helical
cushioning springs are placed by which the blocks are forced in opposite direction to
each other. A handle ring is guided on a fixed collar of the centre piece and on the
rear portion of said sleeve and provided with an interior step-shaped collar against the
innermost step of which the exterior shoulders of the second-named spring-cushioned
block abut so that said blocks are engaged by the said handle ring in the same
manner as the first-named spring-cushioned blocks by the cylindrical portion of the
sleeve. The said collar on the centre piece serves to guide the handle ring in its
The rear end of the said shoulder of the cylindrical
motion round the axis of a chuck.
portion of the sleeve is provided with inclined cam faces which are located opposite
to corresponding cam faces on the collar of the handle ring. Between the two can faces
of the collar of the sleeve and collar of the handle ring are interposed anti-friction balls

page_text: by which the friction between the cam faces is reduced. The handle ring is provided at
one point of its circumference with an inwardly-projecting lug which is located in line
with a recess at the circumference of the inner end of the cylindrical portion. This
cylindrical portion is further provided adjacent to the recess with another recess in
which is located a steel spring of approximately U-shape the outermost ends of which
are retained in elongations of the last-named recess while the inner leg of the U-shaped
spring is made in the shape of a spring pawl. The shank of the said spring is
provided with an outwardly projecting portion which enters into a notch of the
handle ring.
In this position of the said spring the spring pawl of the same does not project
beyond the recess in the cylindrical portion. As soon however as the said handle
ring is turned and its lug moved out of the recess of the said cylindrical portion into
the semi-circular recess the projection on the shank of said U-shaped spring is made
to clear a notch on the said handle ring so that the said spring pawl of the said spring
is forced inwardly and placed into engagement with ratchet teeth on the
circumference of the said centre piece and said first-named spring blocks holding
thereby the sleeve in the position to which it has been set so as to prevent the return
motion of the same.
The chuck is operated as follows:-
The jaws are opened to a sufficient extent by turning the aforesaid bandle ring in
one direction until the shank of the tool to be clamped can be inserted into the jaws.
The handle ring is then turned in the opposite direction the aforesaid conical sleeve
being carried along with it by the action of the said lug on the said recess in the
cylindrical portion of the said-couical sleeve.
By the turning action of this sleeve the interior spiral grooves of the same engage
the lugs at the rear ends of the jaws and move the latter forward in the inclined
.guide grooves of the centre piece and along the guide cone until the straight faces of
the jaws take hold of the tool and clamp it firmly in position. The axially-turning
motion of the handle ring is then continued in the same direction and thereby
the cylindrical portion, of the said sleeve shifted slightly in backward direction
by the lug as the same is moved into the recess of the cylindrical
portion of said sleeve so that the contact of the inclined cam faces
of the aforesaid collars with the anti-friction balls interposed between said cam faces
is provided. The first-named spring-cushioned blocks are simultaneously moved
towards the other spring-cushioned blocks and the final acting of the jaws to the tool
to be clamped is accomplished.
Simultaneously therewith the notch of the handle ring is moved out of engagement
with the projection of the spring so that the spring pawl is forced to engage the
ratchet teeth on the circumference of the centre piece and the first-named spring-
. cushioned blocks and to lock thereby the sleeve firmly in position against being turned
in the opposite direction by the back pressure of the jaws. The movement of the lugs
into the circumferential recess of the cylindrical portion of said sleeve is accompanied
by a distinct click due to the action of the before-mentioned spring and its pawl which
indicates that after the preliminary setting action of the jaws the final setting of the
same to the tool to be clamped has commenced which is then completed by continu-
ing the turning of the handle ring as far as the anti-friction balls and cam faces on
the collars of the rear portion and handle ring will. permit.
When it is desired to release the tool to be clamped the handle ring is first turned
in opposite direction until its notch arrives at the projection of the before-mentioned
spring and its lug in line with the recess of the cylindrical portion. When the handle
ring is in this position the said projection of the said spring re-engages immediately
the notch while the spring pawl is withdrawn from the ratchet teeth on the centre
piece and blocks of the sleeve. As soon as the lug of the handle ring is in line with
the recess of the cylindrical portion of the aforesaid sleeve the latter is moved under
the influence of the helical cushioning springs of all the said spring-cushioned blocks
in forward direction in suchwise that the said lug re-engages the end shoulders of the
recess in which position of the lug the handle-ring takes the sleeve along so as to

page_text: produce the inward motion of the jaws and the release of the tool. By the described
connection of the sleeve and handle ring a continuous turning motion of the latter in
one or the opposite direction produces the motion of the jaws into the required
direction so as to clamp or release the tool.
The advantages of my chuck are :-
First, that after the prelimiuary clamping of the tool by the jaws is accomplished
the final clamping of the same is obtained and simultaneously therewith the rigid
locking of the parts so that the jaws are prevented from releasing the tool.
Seeond, the motion by which the jaws are set is accomplished by turning the
actuating handle ring in the same direction both for the preliminary and for the
final setting of the jaws.
Third, the operation of the parts takes place easily and entirely automatically and
especially the final setting of the jaws owing to the anti-friction balls interposed
between the cam faces of the handle ring and the cylindrical portion of the jaw-
operating sleeve.
Fourth, the chuck can be operated entirely by hand without requiring a wrench for
the final setting of the jaws which in my improved chuck is produced by the final
turning of the handle ring and the locking of the sleeve to the centre piece by the
pawl and ratchet mechanism described.
Dated this 15th day of December 1896.
TONGUE & BIRKBECK,
Southampton Buildings. Chancery Lane. London, W.C.
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
"Improvements in Chucks."
I, ERNEST HENRY VOGEL Machinist of No. 12 Broome Street, in the City County
and State of New York, United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has reference to certain improvements in chucks of that class which
can be set or unset without the use of a wrench and in which the jaws are guided in
inclined grooves of a conical centre piece in forward or backward direction and
applied to the tool to be held by a primary setting action and retained thereon by a
final setting action and the invention consists of a chuck which comprises jaws
guided in inclined grooves of the supporting centre piece an exterior conical sleeve
that engages by an interior screw-thread lugs on the jaws an axially turning handle-
ring engaging the cylindrical rear-portion of the sleeve spring-cushioned blocks.
arranged in recesses of the handle-ring and a shoulder of the rear-portion of the
conical sleeve inclined cam-faces on the shoulders of the rear-portion of the conical
sleeve and of the handle-ring and a pawl and ratchet mechanism interposed between
the handle-ring sleeve and the centre piece so as to produce the locking of the sleeve
after the final adjustment of the jaws has been accomplished as will be fully
described hereinafter and finally pointed out in the claims.
In the accompanying drawings-Fig 1 represents a side elevation of my improved
chuck. Fig 2 is an end view of the same partly in vertical transverse section on
line 2-2 Figs 1 and 3.
Fig 3 is a vertical longitudinal section of the chuck on line 3-3 Fig 2.
Figs 4 and 5 are vertical transverse sections on line 4-4 Fig 3 showing the parts in.
position respectively before and after the final setting action is imparted to-the jaws.

page_text: Fig 6 is a vertical longitudinal section of the chuck showing the position of the
parts after the final setting action of the jaws and Fig 7 is a vertical transverse
section on line 7-7 Fig 6.
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts throughout.
Referring to the drawings-A represents the centre piece and B B the jaws of my
improved chuck. The clamping faces of the jaws B B are arranged parallel with the
axis of the chuck while the shank portions are arranged at an angle of inclination
toward said axis and guided in correspondingly inclined grooves of the conical end of
of the centre-piece A.
A guide cone C is attached by screws d d to the front end of the centre piece A as
shown clearly in Figs 2 and 3.
Each jaw B is provided at its rear end with a lug b which forms a portion of a
screw-thread and which is engaged by the interior spiral groove of a conica!
sleeve D that extends by a flange d' at its front end over the stationary guide cone C
as shown in Figs 3 and 6. The rear portion DI of the conical sleeve D is made
cylindrical said cylindrical portion D¹ being provided with an interior collar d' having
a semi-circular groove e.
is
The centre piece A is provided with recesses d³ in which are arranged spring
cushioned blocks d that are provided with shoulders do that abut against a shoulder d
of the collar d² of the cylindical portion of the sleeve D. A second set of blocks
arranged in line with the blocks d in the recess d³ of the centre piece said blocks d⭑
and being provided in their adjacent portions with sockets in which helical
cushioning springs d' are placed by which the blocks are forced in opposite direction
to each other.
A handle ring E is guided on a fixed collar a of the centre piece A and on the
rear portion D¹ of the sleeve D and provided with an interior step-shaped collar e
against the innermost step of which the exterior shoulders of the block abut so
that said blocks d are engaged by the handle-ring E in the same manner as the
blocks d by the cylindrical portion of the sleeve D.
The collar on the centre piece A serves to guide the handle-ring E¹ in its motion
around the axis of the chuck.
The rear end of the shoulder d² of the cylindrical portion D1 of the sleeve D is
provided with inclined cam-faces which are located opposite to corresponding
cam-faces on the collar e of the handle-ring E as shown in Fig 7.
Between the two cam faces ff of the collar d² of the sleeve D and collar e of the
handle-ring E are interposed anti-friction balls g by which the friction between the
cam-faces is reduced. The handle-ring E is provided at one point of its cir-
cumference with an inwardly projecting lug e¹ which is located in line with a recess e
at the circumference of the inner end of the cylindrical portion D¹.
The cylindrical portion D is farther provided adjacent to the recess with a
recess h in which is located a steel spring h¹ of approximately U shape the outermost
ends of which are retained in elongations h² of the recess h while the inner leg of the
U-shaped spring h¹ is made in the shape of a spring-pawl has shown in Figs 4 and 5.
The shank of the spring h¹ is provided with an outwardly projecting portion
which enters into a notch h³ of the handle-ring E as shown in Fig 4. In this position
of the spring the spring pawl of the same does not project beyond the recess &
in the cylindrical portion Di As soon however as the handle-ring E is turned and
its lug e¹ moved out of the recess e² of the cylindrical portion D' into the semi-
circular recess e (shown in Fig 5) the projection A is made to clear the notch hon
the handle-ring E so that the spring pawl h³ of the spring h¹ is forced inwardly as
shown in Fig 5 and placed into engagement with ratchet teeth h' on the circum-
ference of the centre piece A'and spring blocks d holding thereby the sleeve D in
the position to which it has been set so as to prevent the return motion of the same.
The chuck is operated as follows:-
The jaws are opened to a sufficient extent by turning the handle ring E in one
direction until the shank of the tool to be clamped can be inserted into the jaws B.
The handle-ring E is then turned in the opposite direction the conical sleeve D

page_text: being carried along with it by the action of the lug el on the recess e2 in the
cylindrical portion D¹ of the sleeve D. By the turning action of the sleeve D the
interior spiral grooves b¹ of the same engage the lags bat the rear ends of the jaws B and
move the latter forward in the inclined guides grooves of the centre piece A and along
the guide cone C until the straight faces of the jaws take hold of the tool and clamp
it firmly in position. The axially-turning motion of the handle ring E is then con-
tinued in the same direction and thereby the cylindrical portion D¹ of the sleeve D
shifted slightly in backward direction by the lug e as the same is moved into the
recesses of the cylindrical portion D¹ so that the contact of the inclined cam-
faces ff of the collars 2 and e with the anti-friction balls g interposed between said
cam faces is provided. The spring cushioned blocks dare simultaneously moved
toward the blocks do and the final setting of the jaws to the tool to be clamped is
accomplished.
Simultaneously therewith the notch 5 of the handle-ring E is moved out of
engagement with the projection of the spring h¹ so that the spring pawl h' is
forced to engage the ratchet teeth on the circumference of the centre piece A and
spring-blocks d' and to lock thereby the sleeve D firmly in position against being
turned in the opposite direction by the back pressure of the jaws. The movement of
the lugs el into the circumferential recess e³ of the cylindrical portion D' is accom-
panied by a distinct click due to the action of the spring h¹ and its pawl h3 which
indicates that after the preliminary setting action of the jaws the final setting of the
same to the tool to be clamped has commenced which is then completed by continuing
the turning of the handle-ring E as far as the anti-friction balls g and cam-faces f fi
on the collars d2 and e of the rear portion D1 and handle-ring E will permit.
When it is desired to release the tool to be clamped the handle-ring E is first
turned in opposite direction until its notch h5 arrives at the projection h of the
spring h¹ and its lug e in line with the recess e2 of the cylindrical portion D¹. When
the handle-ring is in this position the projection h of the spring h¹ re-engages
immediately the notch h while the spring-pawl ha is withdrawn from the ratchet
teeth on the centre piece A and blocks d' of the sleeve D. As soon as the lug e¹ of
the handle-ring E is in line with the recess e2 of the cylindrical portion D¹ of the
sleeve D the sleeve D is moved under the influence of the helical cushioning
springs d of the blocks de d in forward direction so as to bring the lug e' into the
position shown in Fig 3 so that it re-engages the end shoulders of the recess e² in
which position of the lug e¹ the handle-ring E takes the sleeve D along so as to
produce the inward motion of the jaws and the release of the tool. By the described
connection of the sleeve D and handle-ring E a continuous turning motion of the
latter in one or the opposite direction produces the motion of the jaws into the
required direction so as to clamp or release the tool.
The advantages of my chuck are:-
First that after the preliminary clamping of the tool by the jaws is accomplished
the final clamping of the same is obtained and simultaneously therewith the rigid
locking of the parts so that the jaws are prevented from releasing the tool. Second
the motion by which the jaws are set is accomplished by turning the actuating
handle-ring in the same direction both for the preliminary and for the final setting
of the jaws.
Third, the operation of the parts takes place easily and entirely automatically and
especially the final setting of the jaws owing to the anti-friction balls interposed
between the cam-faces of the handle-ring and the cylindrical portion of the jaw-
operating sleeve.
Fourth the chuck can he operated entirely by hand without requiring a wrench for
the final setting of the jaws which in my improved chuck is produced by the final
Gurning of the handle-ring and the locking of the sleeve to the centre piece by the
pawl and ratchet mechanism described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-

page_text: tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. The combination of a tool chuck having clamping jaws, means for operating said
jaws to cause a preliminary clamping of a tool and means for setting the jaws finally
and simultaneously rigidly locking the parts of the chuck said means being operated
by the means which effect the preliminary clamping substantially as set forth.
2. The combination of a tool chuck having clamping jaws, means for primarily
setting said jaws and automatic means for finally setting the jaws and simultaneously
locking the parts of the chuck to clamp a tool in fixed position substantially as set
forth.
3. The combination of a chuck having clamping-jaws a hand ring mechanism
actuated by said hand ring for setting the jaws primarily and mechanism for finally
setting said jaws and simultaneously locking the parts also actuated by said hand ring,
said ring being turned in the same direction for both the preliminary and final setting
of the jaws substantially as set forth.
4. In a tool chuck the combination of a centre piece, jaws guided in said centre
piece and provided with Ings an exterior conical 'sleeve having interior screw-threads
adapted to engage the lugs on said jaws an axially-turning handle ring adapted to
engage said sleeve and means for locking said sleeve after the final adjustment of the
jaws substantially as set forth.
5. In a tool chuck the combination of a centre piece, jaws guided in said centre
piece and provided with lugs an exterior conical sleeve having interior screw-threads
adapted to engage the lugs on said jaws an axially turning handle ring adapted to
engage said sleeve and means disposed between said handle-ring sleeve and centre
piece for locking the sleeve in position substantially as set forth.
6. In a tool chuck the combination of a centre piece jaws guided in said centre-
piece and provided with lugs, a sleeve having interior serew-threads adapted to engage
said lugs an axially turning handle-ring adapted to engage said sleeve and a pawl
and ratchet mechanism disposed between said handle-ring sleeve and centre piece
for locking said sleeve after the final setting of the jaws substantially as set forth.
7. The combination of a centre piece having a conical front end and a stationary
collar at the rear end jaws guided in inclined grooves of said centre piece and
provided with lugs at the rear ends a conical sleeve having a cylindrical rear portion
and an internal grooved thread engaging said lugs a handle-ring extending around
said rear portion, means for connecting the handle-ring and rear-portion, spring
cushioned blocks guided in recesses of the centre piece and a pawl and ratchet
mechanism interposed between the rear portion and the centre piece and adapted to
lock the sleeve when the jaws are finally set to the tool to be clamped substantially
as set forth.
8. The combination of a centre piece having a grooved conical front end and a
stationary collar at the rear end, jaws guided in the grooves of said centre piece and
provided with lugs at their rear ends a conical sleeve having a cylindrical rear portion
and an internal grooved thread in the conical portion engaging the lugs on the jaws
a bandle-ring extending around said rear portion spring-cushioned blocks located in
recesses of the centre piece and acting on the sleeve and handle-ring a lug at the
interior of the handle ring engaging a recess in the rear portion of the sleeve, inclined
cam faces at the rear end of said rear portion and front of the handle-ring and anti-
friction balls interposed between said cam-faces substantially as set forth.
9. The combination of a centre piece having a grooved conical front end and a
stationary guide-collar at the rear end, jaws guided in inclined grooves of said centre
piece, a conical sleeve having a cylindrical rear portion and an internal grooved thread
engaging lugs on the rear ends of said jaws, a handle-ring extending around said rear
portion, means for connecting the handle-ring and rear portion spring-cushioned
blocks guided in recesses of the centre piece and engaging said sleeve and handle-
ring a spring pawl located in the rear-portion of the sleeve and adapted to engage
ratchet teeth in the circumference of the centre-piece and spring-cushioned blocks

page_text: and means by which said spring pawl is actuated by the handle-ring so as to lock the
sleeve to the centre-piece when the jaws are set into their final clamping position
substantially as set forth.
10. The combination of a centre-piece having a grooved conical front end and a
stationary guide collar at the rear end, jaws guided in inclined grooves of said centre
piece a conical sleeve having a cylindrical rear portion, means for clamping the jaws
to the tool to be held a handle ring extending around the cylindrical rear-portion of
the sleeve, means for connecting the handle-ring and rear portion spring-cushioned
blocks located in recesses of the centre piece and engaging the rear-portion of the
sleeve and the handle-ring respectively, cam faces on the adjacent ends of said rear
portion and handle-ring, anti-friction balls interposed between said cam-faces, and a
pawl and ratchet mechanism interposed between the rear portion of the sleeve and the
centre-piece and actuated by the handle ring so as to produce the locking of the
sleeve and jaws when finally clamped to the tool to be held substantially as set
forth.
TONGUE & BIRKBECK
Southampton Buildings. Chancery Lane. London. W.C.
Agents for the Applicant.