IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS
Year: 1884

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I HENRY EDWARD NEWTON of the Office for Patents, Bream's Buildings,
Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex Civil Engineer do hereby declare the
nature of my Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
This Invention relates to a pump which is especially designed and adapted to be
operated by a gas engine or other similar motor which moves at a high rate of
speed; it being the object of the Invention to produce a pump for this purpose
which shall be capable of delivering the liquid in a steady and uninterrupted
stream and yet be more simple in construction and compact in form than those
heretofore used for attaining the same result, and which shall at the same time be
capable of being operated at a high rate of speed without injurious effects so that .
it may be connected to and operated directly from the piston-rod or crank-shaft of.
a gas engine or other similar quick moving motor without incurring the objections
heretofore incident to the use of quick moving pistons in operating on non-elastic
fluids.
To these ends the Invention consists briefly in a pump having induction and
eduction chambers which communicate with each other through an opening or
openings which is or are controlled by a suitable valve or valves, and a differential
piston or plunger the opposite ends of which alternately enter said chambers, the
end of said plunger which enters the eduction chamber being of one half the area
of. the opposite end which enters the induction chamber, thus making the pump.
single acting in drawing in its supply of the liquid, but double acting in expelling
the same, so that a steady and uniform discharge of the liquid is effected by the.
use of but two sets of valves.
The Invention also consists in various details of construction and combinations
of parts all of which will be hereinafter so fully explained and particularly pointed
out as to render further preliminary description unnecessary to a proper under-
standing of the same.
In the accompanying Drawings:-
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of a pump embodying the present Invention, the
same being shown as connected directly to the crank shaft of a gas or other

page_text: Fig. 3 is a face view of the crank by which the piston or plunger rod of the
pump is operated showing means by which the crank pin can be adjusted to
different positions so as to vary the stroke of the piston or plunger of the pump;
and
Fig. 4 is an edge view of the same looking from the left of Fig. 3..
Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the pump, upon an enlarged scale; showing the same
connected to the engine in a different manner, and Fig. 6 is an end elevation of the
same.
In these last two Figures the air chamber is omitted.
Referring to the Drawings. it is to be understood that the body of the pump
consists of a metallic casing 100 which is divided by a partition 90 into two com-
partments or chambers 91, 92, which respectively form the induction and eduction
chambers of the pump. The chamber 91 is provided with a partition 99 in which
are formed a number of induction ports 9 which communicate with a chamber 93
of sufficient size to supply said..ports and which chamber in turn communicates
with the induction pipe 98. The ports 9 are controlled by spring seated valves 8
which open inward in the usual manner. The partition 90 which separates the
chambers 91, 92 is provided with a number of eduction ports 7 which afford com-
munication between the two chambers and are controlled by, spring seated valves 6
which are located in the chamber. 92 and open inward in the usual manner. The
eduction chamber 92 coinmunicates directly with the éduction pipe 94 and is
provided with an air compression chamber 95 which is arranged and operates in
the usual manner.
The partition 90 is provided with a suitable water tight, bearing 50 in which
reciprocates a differential trunk plunger 51 which is provided upon its upper end
with a tubular extension 52 of one half the area of the plunger which extension 52
passes upward through the eduction chamber and outward through the casing 100
where it is surrounded by a suitable stuffing box 53. By reason of this construction
it will be seen that the effective area of that end of the plunger which enters the
eduction chamber is reduced to the area of the annular shoulder 25 which is just
one-half of the area of that end which enters the induction chamber.so that the
. volume of the liquid displaced by the former end at cach stroke will be equal to
only one half the volume displaced at each stroke of the latter end.
The chamber 93 it will be observed does not extend the full length of the
casing 100 so that the plunger 51 is permitted to descend past the end of said
chamber and to the bottom of the casing 100, an ample channel 40 being provided
between the plunger bearing and the end of the chamber 93 so that the liquid will
not be obstructed in its passage from the chamber 91 to the space beneath the
plunger.
The plunger 52 is operated directly from the main crank shaft 75 of the engine
through a pitman 76 which is connected to the bottom of the plunger and to a
crank pin 24 projecting from the face of a dise 26 which is secured to the end of
said shaft.
The operation of the pump thus constructed is as follows:-As the plunger 51
is withdrawn from the induction chamber 91 it will draw into said chamber
through the induction ports 9 a volume of liquid equal to its own volume and as it
again enters said chamber upon its return stroke it will force a like volume of the
liquid through the eduction ports 7 into the eduction chamber 92. One half of the
volume of the liquid thus forced into the eduction chainber will be required to fill
the space vacated by the smaller end of the plunger while the other half will be
forced outward through the eduction pipe 94. As the plunger again ascends to fill
the induction chamber the remaining one half of the volumie forced; into the
eduction chamber by the descent of the plunger will be forced out of said chamber
and so the operation will continue to be repeated; one half of the liquid drawn
into the induction chamber upon each stroke of the plunger being forced out of the
eduction chamber upon the next down stroke and the other half upon the next up

page_text: stroke, thereby causing the liquid to be discharged from the pipe 94 in a steady
and uniform stream.
It has heretofore been customary when rapidly moving engines have been
employed as motors for the purpose of lifting or putting in motion water or other
liquids, to communicate the motion from the engine to the pump by belts, gears,
levers or other appliances in such manner as to reduce the speed or impart a
comparatively slow motion to the pump.
This reduction is speed was essential in the constructions heretofore in use as
sudden movements of the non-elastic fluid, resulted in forcible impacts against the
sides of the casing, in violent seating of the valves, in objectionable, noise, and
serious straining of the parts.
While these objections were obviated to a greater or less degree by operating.the
pump slowly, the necessity of employing appliances for reducing the speed was most
objectionable as they increased the complexity and cost of the apparatus, resulted
in lost motion and noise and wear, and decreased the capacity of the pump.
These disadvantages are overcome by the present construction, in which but a
single set of induction and a single set of eduction valves are employed, the liquid
which passes from the lower to the upper end of the plunger traversing the same
ports as that which goes to the eduction pipe and the single set of eduction valves
being in action only at every alternate stroke. In this respect the pump differs
from double acting pumps, where there are two sets of induction valves and two
sets of eduction valves; one or the other of the two sets of eduction valves being in
action and being seated upon each stroke of the plunger. As a result of this
construction the number of valve actions is reduced, the water passages are direct
and but little obstructed,. there is. abundant room for the valves and such an
extended valve area that each valve need have but a limited movement to secure
a free flow of the water and there is therefore no violent seating of the valves and
ramming of the water even under the most rapid actions of the plunger.
The use in connection with the rapidly reciprocating plunger of a plurality of
induction and eduction valves is a matter of much importance. If but a single
induction and a single eduction valve were employed the entire volume of water
displaced at each operation would pass through such valve necessarily lifting it to
a considerable extent and causing it to seat on the next action with great force and
with a violent shock. By providing extended valve openings the water current is
subdivided into small streams flowing slowly and passing easily from one chamber
to the other, lifting but slightly the valves, which therefore may be made small in
size, and will take their seats without violence however. rapidly the motion of the
plunger may be reversed.
As a plunger of comparatively large size may be thus employed and as it
operates with great rapidity and will lift correspondingly large bodies of water,
it thus becomes necessary to provide capacious water inlet and outlet passages.
Under ordinary circumstances where there is unlimited space it is most difficult
and often impossible to secure the direct action of a piston by a rapidly. revolving.
shaft and at the same time avoid the difficulties incident to such rapid movement
but the difficulties are greatly increased in combining a pump of such character
with a gas engine or other like engine. These difficulties arise from the limited
space within which the pump must be arranged in connection with the necessity
of imparting an extended motion to the piston and of avoiding the objections
incident to the use of short connecting rods.
This will be apparent from an inspection of the engine illustrated in the Drawing
where it will be seen that it is necessary to include in the comparatively small
height between the shaft and the floor or base on which the bed plate rests, the
cylinder, piston, connecting rod, guides and ports.
This difficulty is overcome in the present case by the use of the trunk plunger 51
which permits the pitman 76 to be of sufficient length to avoid undue lateral
thrust and friction and yet permits the pump to be located in comparatively close

page_text: :
proximity to the main crank-shaft and by arranging the cliambers 91, 92, 93, at
the side of the plunger 51, so that the latter is permitted to descend to the bottom
of the casing:100.
C
:
By the construction arrangement and adaptation of parts above described a
plunger of comparatively large diameter. can be driven directly from the rapidly-
-revolving.main shaft, the number of valve movements is confined to. the lowest
limit, the extent of these movements is reduced to a minimum and shocks
:therefrom 'are avoided, ample passage way is also secured for the flow of the large
volume of water set in. rapid motion by the pump while the dimensions of the
casing and accessories are confined to. the limited space available between the base
and the crank shaft.
The pitman 76 is attached to the plunger through the medium of an eye bolt 30
extending through the lower end or head of the plunger and fastened by nuts,
keys, or any suitable device; whereby the pitman can be readily conneted and
disconnected, easy access being had thereto through a conveniently arranged hand
shole 31 in the casing 100.
To vary the throw of the crank to which the pitman 76 is connected so that the.
work done by the pump may be increased or diminished by lengthening or
shortening its stroke, the crank pin 24 is made radially adjustable in respect to the
shaft in any suitable manner. For instance, the pin may be connected to a slide 27
capable of radial adjustment in a guide slot 28 formed in the disc 26, by means of
a screw-rod 29, passing through a web 20, and provided with adjusting nuts 21, 22,
on opposite sides of said web as shown in Figs. 3 and 4.
I may here remark that it is not intended to limit the Invention to the use of
a trunk plunger, as a solid plunger might be employed with the effect above named
but it is preferable to make the plunger hollow and to connect the. pitman 76 to
the lower end as thereby all slide rests and plunger rod stuffing boxes are done
away with, and the strain from the lateral thrust of the pitman is brought against
the broad bearing 50 of the plunger where it produces little effect.
This plunger may be a solid metal sleeve fitted to an opening in the partition 90,
'as shown, or a stuffing box bearing may be used.
Although the pump above described may be connected to the driving sbaft of
any ordinary engine it is especially adapted for use with gas engines or other
engines which are driven at a high rate of speed.
Although the Drawings shew and it is preferred to use a series of induction
valves 8 and a series of the eduction valves 6 it will be evident that a single
induction and a single eduction valve may sometimes be used.
It will be apparent that the pump constructed as above described may be used,
whenever it is desirable to secure an extended throw of the plunger or piston but
the space within which to operate the pump is limited.
Where the pump is of considerable size the vertical thrust of the pitman 76
may be so great as to unduly spring the main shaft 75. In such case. the pump
may be arranged as shown in Figs. 5 and 6. In this construction the pitman 76
is connected to a crank 60 formed in a shaft 61 which is connected to the main
shaft 75 by a coupling 62 and is mounted in suitable bearings 64 formed in the
upper ends of a pair of plates 63 which are securely bolted to the top of the
casing 100 and if necessary connected to each other by.one or more 'tie-rods 65.
By this construction the main shaft will be relieved of all vertical strain.
Having now particularly described. and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I. declare that what
I claim is
:
1. The combination with the casing 100 having the induction and eduction
chambers, of the differential plunger 51 arranged so that its opposite ends enter
said chambers, substantially as described.
C
2. A pump consisting of a casing having a partition dividing the same into two
chambers, a differential piston or plunger sliding in a bearing in said partition;

page_text: induction valves closing ports between the induction pipe and the induction
chamber, and eduction valves closing ports connecting the two chambers, all
substantially as described...
3. A pump in which the water is drawn into and expelled from two contiguous
chambers by the reciprocation of a differential piston or plunger entering the
chambers alternately, provided with a series of induction ports and valves between
the induction pipe and the induction chamber,.and with a series of ports affording
communication between the induction and eduction chambers and closed by valves,
substantially as described.
.
4. A double-acting pump having two chambers, one communicating with the
induction pipe and the other with the eduction pipe, and with a differential piston
or plunger to the opposite faces of which water is admitted from said chambers,
with valves between the induction chamber and induction pipe, and with other
valves closing ports between the two chambers, substantially as described.
5. The combination of a driving engine and the pump casing, its chambers ports
and valves, and a differential trunk plunger, sliding in bearings in the partition
separating the chambers, and provided with a pitman attached at the lower end to
the end of the plunger and at the upper end to a crank of the engine shaft,
substantially as described.
6. The combination with the pump casing, having a hand hole, trunk plunger
and pitman, of a detachable connection between the end of the pitman and the
end of the plunger, adjacent to the hand hole in the casing, substantially as
described.
7. The combination of the pump, plunger pitman, engine shaft and pin 24,
which pin is radially adjustable in respect to said shaft, substantially as described.
8. The combination with a high speed engine, of a crank upon the driving
shaft, a differential trunk plunger connected to said crank by a pitman attached
to the end of said plunger, a casing divided into chambers by partitions both
arranged above the point reached by the plunger upon its descent, and a plurality
of ports provided with valves in cach partition, substantially as described.
9. The combination with the operating crank shaft, of a casing 100 divided by
partitions each containing a plurality of ports provided with valves, a differential
plunger sliding in a bearing in the upper partition, an induction pipe communi-
cating with a chamber below the lower partition and a channel connecting the
space above the lower partition with that below the plunger substantially as
described.
10. The combination with a crank upon the shaft of a driving engine, of a pump
arranged between the shaft and base of the engine and provided with a differential
plunger connected to said crank and with three chambers, as 93, 91, 92, arranged
one above another, and above the lower limit of the plunger's movement and
connected by ports provided with valves and provided with induction and eduction
pipes, substantially as described.