Improvements in Apparatus for Exhibiting Cycloramic Views.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Exhibiting Cycloramic Views.
I, THOMAS WALTER BARBER, of 17 & 18, Tothill Street, Westminster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:―
My improvements relate to optical lanterns specially designed to project on a
cylindrical screen, views representing the whole or part of the horizon.
To exhibit the entire horizon I construct a circular lantern fitted with 8 or more
optical systems, each consisting of a condenser and objective with slide carrier,
ranged around a central light and provided with adjustable diaphragms for
accurately registering the segments of the picture on the screen, and hand gear
for moving the slide carriers simultaneously to change the pictures.
I make the condensers rectangular in form and fit them loosely in cells with
openings at the top and bottom for circulation of air and I place a sheet of ground
glass between the lenses of the condensers to equalise the illumination.
For facility of adjustment and registration 1 arrange all the optical systems--
each complete in itself-on a horizontal annular table to which they are firmly
bolted.
The central light which must evenly illuminate the condensers all round is
either the electric arc or lime light. In the former case I use a single positive
carbon of large diameter and a group of 3 or more negative carbons of small
diameter each of which is provided with its current through separate resistances
and has separate adjustment to each of the carbons.
For lime light I construct a compound burner consisting of 3 or more jets and
branching from a circular main pipe connected to the mixing chamber; and I
employ cylindrical limes placed in the centre so that the jets form an incandescent
zone around the lime. To avoid stoppages to change the limes I place 2 or more
of them in a vertical tube and raise them up to the jet as they burn away, and
remove the burnt limes at the top.
For projecting on the screen portions of such cycloramic views in which objects
in motion are to be shewn, I employ any form of cinematograph and I mask out
of the cycloramic view the exact portion of such view occupied by the picture
projectal by the cinematograph by means of a piece of opaque material cut out
to the required shape and placed in front of the photograph in the lantern, using
the piece from which it was cut to mask and register the cinematograph photo-
graph projected.
I name such views "cyclographs," the optical lantern used for projection a
"cycloscope" and the photographs used for projection "cyclograms."
Dated this 25th of February 1898.

page_text: •
Improvements in Apparatus for Exhibiting Cycloramic Views.
I, THOMAS WALTER BARBER, of 17 and 18, Tothill Street, Westminster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the follow-
ing statement:-
My improvements relate to optical lanterns specially designed to project on the
interior of a cylindrical screen views representing the whole or part of the horizon.
To exhibit the entire horizon I construct a circular lantern Fig. 1, fitted with 8
or more optical systems, each, consisting of a condensor 1), and objective E with
slide carrier Franged radially around a central light B and provided with adjust-
able diaphragms H for accurately registering the segments of the picture on the
screen, also hand gear K L M for moving the slide carriers F F simultaneously to
change the pictures.
I make the condensers D D rectangular in form and fit them loosely in cells W W
with openings at top and bottom for circulation of air.
The four diaphragms H, H, consist of thin metal strips placed close to the con-
denser D, and between it and the slide carrier F; each diaphragm strip has a
separate adjustment by thumb screws, I, I, so that the dimensions of the rectangle
formed by the inner edges of the 4 strips can be adjusted, and thus the meeting
edges of the separate segments of the picture thrown on the screen be accurately
registered and the top and bottom edges be made to appear continuous. K is a
circular rack or bevil ring geared with 8 or more pinions and shafts L any one
of which can be revolved by the handle M. Each shaft also carries a spur
pinion M gearing with the rack M³, so that by revolving any shaft by the
handle M, all the slide carriers F can be raised or lowered together.
The picture slides G are inserted in a recess in the slide carriers F.
For exhibiting part of the horizon only a segmental cylindrical screen is used
and two or more optical systems arranged radially with one central light.
For facility of adjustment and registration I arrange all the optical
systems A, A each complete in itself--on a horizontal annular table C to which
they are firmly bolted by the base plates X X, which have angular adjustment
round the feather J and radial adjustment by the feather Y.
The central light B which must evenly illuminate all the condensors D D is
either the electric arc or lime light. In the former case I construct it as Fig. 2
using a single positive carbon U of large diameter and a group of 3 or more negative
carbons VV of small diameter each of which is provided with its current through
separate resistances and has separate adjustment by the screws N N to the positive
carbon.
For lime light I construct a compound burner Fig. 3, consisting of 3 or more
jets, 00, or a circular slit branching from a circular main pipe Z connected to
the mixing chamber Q, and I employ a cylindrical lime P, placed in the centre
so that the jets form an incandescent zone around the lime. To avoid stoppages to
change the limes I place 2 or more of them in a vertical tube R, and raise them
up to the jet, as they burn away, by the screw S and gear T and remove the burnt
limes at the top.
For projecting on the screen portions of such cycloramic views in which objects
in motion are to be shewn I employ any form of cinematograph and I mask out
of the cycloramic view the exact portion of such view occupied by the picture
projected by the cinematograph by means of a piece of opaque material such as
paper cut out to the required shape and placed in front of the photograph in the

page_text: lantern, using the piece from which it was cut to mask and register the cinemato-
graph photograph projected. If the latter is not on the same scale as the lantern
photograph then the mask is reduced or enlarged by the camera to the required
scale.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. The invention of a single central light as a common illuminant for a series
of eight or more optical systems for projecting panoramic pictures on the interior
surface of a cylindrical screen.
2. The invention of a single central light to illuminate two or more optical
systems for projecting partial panoramic pictures on a segmental cylindrical
screen, in buildings where the entire horizon cannot be shewn.
3. In both the foregoing the methods of radial and angular adjustment of the
optical systems to the illuminant by sliding feathers as described. The adjust-
ment of the joining edges of the pictures by diaphragm strips and screws and the
rack and pinion gear for operating all the slide carriers simultaneously as
described.
4. In an optical lantern employing more than one radial optical system the con-
struction of a compound lime light burner having three or more jets, a central.
cylindrical lime, a common mixing chamber and a tube and screw gear for raising
the limes to the jets.
5. In an optical lantern employing more than one radial optical system the
construction of a compound electric are having one thick top carbon and three
or more thinner bottom carbons placed at an angle to the top carbon and fitted
with screw adjustments as shewn and described.
6. In a panoramic projection lantern, projecting segmental or complete panoramas
the combination of a cinematograph to shew objects in motion as part of the
picture by masking out as described.
Deted this 13th dow of Tu 1900