Improvements in Circular Looms for Weaving:
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 24:h May, 1889
Complete Specification Left, 24th Feb., 1890-Accepted, 10th May, 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Circular Looms for Weaving:
I, GEORGE WASSERMANN, of Baden, in the Republic of Switzerland, Draughtsman,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the motion of the chains or warps in circular looms for
weaving, of the class described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to me
dated 13th October 1884, No. 13533.
My present improvements are illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which
Fig. 1, is a vertical section through a part of the loom, namely, through the shafts
with their mechanism.
Fig. 2, is a plan thereof with sections taken at different heights, that is to say, on
lines A B, B' C, CD, E F and F¹ G of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3, is a shaft holder differently arranged to that shewn in Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a side view of a shaft collar with a needle like headle.
Fig. 5 is a part plan thereof.
In the following description of the present invention it is assumed that the system
of circular weaving loom described in my said former Specification is known. The
vertical warp passes through healds or headles (steel needles with eyelets) over a
tension ring through which the passage of the warp to the cloth takes place and forms
a cylinder.
According to the present improvement the two chain bottoms have for horizontal
section two excentrically arranged circles of different sizes (or curves) which in the
position shewn in Fig. 2 come together at X and the space between the two at Y
forms the clearance or shed opening for the passage of the shuttle.
By means of operations and mechanism which will be described later on, the shafts
are moved radially in such a manner that at each rotation of the central shaft a
forming the axis of the vertical chain (or warp) each point in the corresponding
horizontal plane of the chain (see Fig. 2) is closed once, then opens itself continually
until the largest clearance or shed opening is obtained whereupon it again continually
contracts until the closure takes place.
Corresponding to the vertical chain there is a reed plate provided with radial teeth
arranged in a circle. The shuttle race (between reed plate and place or point of
formation of the cloth) is similarly a circular one. The shuttle therefore moves
constantly in a circle and always in the largest clearance or shed opening which has
been formed.
the essential feature
The formation of this shed opening by means of the shafts
and the object of my improvements for the formation of so-called high and deep sheds
in ordinary weaving looms.
Upon the central shaft a which imparts the motion to all the parts are placed a
number of excentrics (five of which are shewn in the drawings) b¹³ the
central excentrics 62 1864 being formed with excentric cam grooves m and n
upon opposite sides while the outer excentrics are only provided with
excentric grooves m and n on their insides. The grooves which lie opposite one
another and of which the upper m guide the shafts towards the centre while the lower
grooves guide the shafts towards the periphery, always come into correspondence at
one point; and the chain is always closed in the radial extension of this point. This
correspondence of the excentrics takes place from point to point in the circle of thể
chain or warp.
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The excentricity of the successive grooves m and n increases gradually in the
direction of the warp beam whereby at the opening of the shed the converging profile
of the same is formed, that is to say, the same angle is formed by the eyelets of the
chain threads which lie approximately above one another as shewn respectively at 1
to 3 and 2 to 4 in Fig. 1.

page_text: The hollow pillar in which the shaft a is guided carries a disc e upon which are
fixed a number of frames d. In these frames, the shaft rods f (square or four-sided
in section) are guided radially through the perforations g of the plate h (the size of
which perforations is made to suit the width of the shift rods) and between the
portions of the frame and the pattern roller 1. The outer parts lie in the holes g
and the inner parts with their journals or pivots flie either in the grooves n
(in this case they are pressed downward by the spring o) or upon the projections
of the pattern rollers in which case the shaft pivots, are situated in the upper.
grooves m.
.
r"
At the outer end of each shaft rod are arranged the shafts s consisting of a sheath
of sheet steel with curved slots 1 (corresponding to the chain) (Figs. 2, 4 & 5) and
the steel headles t. Each headle, has an eyelet to and a head t which rests in the
groove of the sheath, being fixed therein so as to have a certain amount of lateral
play. The head t¹ is made rectangular with the object of preventing the headdle from
turning and to insure that the eyelet shall always be upwards. The introduction of
the headle into the sheath s is effected by inserting the head t between the
bottom of the sheath and the covers thereof; the cover s² being elastic or of a
springy nature yields and after the head has reached the groove of the sheath the
lid returns to its former position. The headles rest upon the sheath bottom 3.
In order to prevent the shaft sheaths of a row from interfering with one another,
they are fixed alternately above (as in Fig. 1) and below (as in Fig. 3) the shaft.
rods (see Fig. 2). .
Each row of superposed shaft rods has a pattern roller which can easily rotate
in the frame d and is provided with projections r; these shafts are polygonal atas.
illustrated they are four-sided in cross section. These four sides have four
projections thus forming a circle.
All these square portions rest with one of their sides on a disc w which is fixed
on the shaft a so that they cannot rotate.
The projection formed on the disc w serves to rotate all the pattern rollers in
turn through a quarter of a revolution, the projection kengaging in the cross on
the square portion and the disc w being provided at this part with a corresponding
recess toº.
14 1
When a
roller is rotated the chain is closed, and accordingly as already
mentioned, the excentric grooves m and n are situate opposite each other, that is to
say, over one another.
The rotation of the pattern rollers causes the binding by means of the projections r
which are suitably placed for that purpose.
This is effected either by the projection leaving the shaft rod the latter going
down through the pressure of the spring o and the pivot f' coming into the
lower groove n, or the projection raises the shaft rod from the lower groove into
the upper one.
The projection having a cylindrical surface it is suited to catch with its edge
or rim the lower shaft edge and during the further revolution to raise it in the
manner of an inclined plane.
These pivots which through the raising of the inner rod ends pass into the
upper grooves m are forced during the rotation of the shaft a to move towards
the centre; those however which are let down into the lower groove nare forced
to move outwardly (towards the periphery).
These operations, namely, the rotation of the pattern rollers, the raising and
depression of the shaft rods, the indrawing and the pushing out of the shafts, take
place continuously and successively in a circle; similarly, the continuous circular
movement of the shuttle corresponds to the rotation of the main or central shaft a.
Dated this 94th day of May 1800

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Circular Looms for Weaving.
I, GEORGE WASSERMANN, of Baden, in the Republic of Switzerland, Draughtsman,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to the motion of the chains or warps in looms in general
and particularly in circular looms for weaving, of the class described in the specifica-
tion of Letters Patent granted to me dated 13th of October 1884, No. 13533.
This invention may also be applied to ordinary looms, in which case the arms of
the reed are not arranged radially about the central shaft, but only in one direction,
namely in that of the movement of the chain or warp.
My present improvements are illustrated in the drawings accompanying my pro-
visional specification, in which,
Fig. 1 is a vertical section through a part of a circular loom, namely, through the
shafts with their mechanisın.
Fig. 2 is a plan thereof with sections taken at different heights, that is to say, on
lines A B, B₁ C, D, E F, and F' G of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a shaft holder differently arranged to that shewn in Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a side view of a shaft with a needle like headle.
Fig. 5 is a part plan thereof.
In the following description of the present invention it is assumed that the system
of circular weaving loom described in my said former specification is known. The
vertical warp passes through healds or headles (steel needles with eyelets) over a
tension ring through which the passage of the warp to the cloth takes place and forms
a cylinder:
According to the present improvement the two chain bottoms have for horizontal
sections two eccentrically arranged circles of different sizes (or curves) which in the
position shewn in Fig. 2 come together at X and the space between the two at Y
forms the clearance or shed opening for the passage of the shuttle.
By means of operations and mechanism which will be described later on, the shafts
are moved radially in such, a manner that at each rotation of the central shaft a
forming the axis of the vertical chain (or warp) each point in the corresponding
horizontal plane of the chain (see Fig. 2) is closed once, then opens itself continually
until the largest clearance or shed opening is obtained whereupon it again continually
contracts until the closure takes place.
Corresponding to the vertical chain there is a reed plate provided with radial teeth
arranged in a circle. The shuttle race (between reed plate and place or point of
formation of the cloth) is similarly a circular one.
The shuttle therefore moves
constantly in a circle and always in the largest clearance or shed opening which has
been formed.
The formation of this shed opening by means of the shafts is the essential feature
and the object of my improvements for the formation of so-called high and deep sheds
in ordinary weaving looms.
. Upon the central shaft. a which imparts the motion to all the parts are placed a
number of eccentrics (five of which are shewn in the drawings) 21366 the inner
eccentrics 123 being formed with eccentric. cam grooves m and n upon opposite
sides while the outer eccentrics are only provided with eccentric grooves m and n
on their insides. The grooves which lie opposite one another and of which the
upper m guide the shafts towards the centre while the lower grooves guide the shafts
towards the periphery, always come into correspondence at one point; and the chain
is always closed in the radial extension of this point. This correspondence of the
eccentrics takes place from point to point in the circle of the chain or warp.
The eccentricity of the successive grooves m and n increases gradually in the
direction of the warp beam whereby at the opening of the shed the converging profile

page_text: 13.
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of the same is formed, that is to say, the same angle is formed by the eyelets of the
chain threads which lie approximately above one another as shewn respectively at 1
to 3 and 2 to 4 in Fig. 1.
The hollow pillar c in which the shaft a is guided carries a disc e upon which are
fixed a number of frames d. In these frames, the shaft rods f (square or four-sided
in section) are guided radially through the perforations g of the plate (the size of
which perforations is made to suit the width of the shaft rods) and between the
portions d' of the frame and the pattern roller 1. The outer parts lie in the holes g
and the inner parts with their journals or pivots flie either in the grooves n (in this
case they are pressed downward by the spring o) or upon the projections of the
pattern rollers in which case the shaft pivots are situated in the upper grooves m.
At the outer end of each shaft rod are arranged the shafts s consisting of a sheath
of sheet steel with curved slot s¹ (corresponding to the chain) (Figs. 2, 4 & 5) and
the steel headles t. Each headle has an eyelet to and a head t¹ which rests in the
groove of the sheath, being fixed therein so as to have a certain amount of lateral
play. The head t' is made rectangular with the object of preventing the headle from
turning and to insure that the eyelet shall always be upwards. The introduction of
the headle t into the sheath s is effected by inserting the head t' between the bottom ³
of the sheath and the covers thereof; the cover 2 being elastic or of a springy
nature yields and after the head has reached the groove of the sheath the cover<2
returns to its former position. The headles rest upon the sheath bottom s³. Instead
of the before described shafts s formed as sheet steel sheaths, with a groove s¹ in each
to receive the heads t¹ of the headles t, other suitable arrangements might be employe,
for instance, shafts with slots arranged parallel to their length in which case the
headles should have in place of four-sided heads, hooks or shoulders which would
retain them in the said slots.
In order to prevent the shaft sheathes of a row from interfering with one another,
they are fixed alternately above (as in Fig. 1) and below (as in Fig. 3) the shaft
rods (see Fig. 2).
Each row of superposed shaft rods has a pattern roller which can easily rotate
in the frame d and is provided with projections ; these shafts are polygonal at 1,
as illustrated they are four sided in cross section. These four sides have four
projections 12 thus forming a cross.
All these square portions rest with one of their sides on a disc w which is fixed
on the shaft a so that they cannot, rotate.
A projection provided on the disc w serves to rotate all the pattern rollers in turn
through a quarter of a revolution, the projection k engaging in the cross on the
square portion and the disc w being provided at this part with a corresponding
recess w.
When a roller is rotated the chain is closed, and accordingly as already mentioned,
the respective parts of the eccentric grooves m and n are situate opposite each other,
that is to say, over one another.
The rotation of the pattern rollers causes the binding by means of the projections
which are suitably placed for that purpose.
This is effected either by the projection leaving the shaft rod the latter going down
through the pressure of the spring o, and the pivot f coming into the lower
groove n, or the projection raises the shaft rod from the lower groove into the
upper one.
The projection having a cylindrical surface it is suited to catch with its edge
or rim the lower shaft edge and during the further revolution to raise it in the
manner of an inclined plane.
These pivots f which through the raising of the inner rod ends pass into the upper
grooves m are forced during the rotation of the shaft a to move towards the centre ;
those however, which are let down into the lower groove n are forced to move
outwardly (towards the periphery).
These operations namely, the rotation of the pattern rollers, the raising and
"depression of the shaft rods, the drawing in and the pushing out of the shafts, take

page_text: place continuously and successively in a circle; similarly, the continuous circular
movement of the shuttle corresponds to the rotation of the main or central shaft a.
As already stated at the commencement of this specification the same kind of
shaft action may also be employed in ordinary looms, that is to say in looms in
which the warp instead of being arranged circularly lies in straight or plane surfaces.
In this case it will be understood that only one pattern roller is required, having
the shafts arranged in one direction only (vertically in ordinary looms with horizontal
chain) and requiring to move in this direction only.
In place of the circular frame for the pattern rollers and for guiding the shaft rods,
a single support is sufficient for the pattern roller and for the series of vertical
shaft rods.
It will also be understood that the horizontal ring of headles, as constituted by the
superposed circular rows of shafts, is in this case replaced by the corresponding
vertical headle walls or series of headles arranged in parallel order, which are
respectively actuated by the corresponding shaft rods that are situated behind one
another in the direction of the advance of the warp, by means of the eccentric
grooves m or n.
The recess
-
(which may be a slot) is straight instead of bent or curved, in the
much wider shaft sheath.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
1. In a loom for weaving the arrangement of headle shafts with actuated mechanism
in which eccentrics are arranged so that each of the shaft rods can be actuated by
either of two eccentrics having a point of correspondence simultaneous with the
closing of the shed from which the said eccentrics take opposite directions whereby
they are adapted to cause the opening of the shed.
2. For changing the movement of a series of shaft rods, the pattern rollers!
furnished with projections and bearing on a disc w whereby the said roller is held
in its position of rest, until a projection corresponding in position to the recess wo
and the closed shed, causes the pattern roller to rotate, thereby throwing the shaft
rods finto or out of gear with the groove m or the groove n.
3. The needle like handles t t. adapted to be operated by pulling and pushing as
required and which in lieu of being guided at or near both ends, are arranged and
held at one end only in shafts or sheaths or the like, so as to be free at their
other ends.
4. In a loom for weaving the combination and arrangement of headle shafts and
actuated mechanism therefor consisting essentially of (a) eccentrics of which every
two are adapted to actuate a shaft rod f, and have a common changing point or
point of coincidence corresponding to the closed shed, from which point the two
eccentric curves diverge so that they are adapted to effect the opening of the shed :
() a pattern roller adapted to change the shaft rod from one eccentric to the other
and which after each revolution of the two eccentrics places the said shaft rod under
the influence of one or other of such two eccentries and (c) the needle like headles
made rigid and adapted to be worked as required by the pulling and pushing
action of the eccentrics.
5. The combination of the parts t to s farranged horizontally and circularly abou
any suitable number of eccentrics such as 23 adapted to impart to and fro
movement to the said parts which are guided so as to travel radially by a circularly
arranged guide or support or series of guides or supports and are, by means of the
pattern rollers (also arranged circularly), brought into the upper or the lower
groove (m or n) substantially as described and illustrated.
6. The herein above described improved construction of looms for weaving.
Dated this 24th day at Wal... 1800
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