Improvements in Apparatus for Extracting Fatty and other Matters from Substances by Means of Volatile Solvents.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Nov., 188)
Complete Specification Left, 1st Mar., 1890-Accepted. 26th Apr., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Extracting Fatty and other Matters
from Substances by Means of Volatile Solvents.
We, HENRY ATHELSTAN ACWORTH DOMBRAIN, of Calverley, Leeds, in the County
of York, Engineer, and OLIVER TRUMPER, of No. 40 Louise Road, Water Lane,
Stratford, in the County of Essex, Engine Smith, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to apparatus for extracting fatty and other matters from
substances by means of volatile solvents, as for example for extracting oils from
seeds or from fragments of fish by means of carbon bisulphide. The chief object
which we have in view is to bring the solvent fully in contact with all parts of the
substance on which it has to act throughout a long course of travel through the
apparatus, the travel of the solvent and of the substance acted on being in contrary
directions, so that the solvent most saturated with the extracted matter is last in
contact with the substance containing most of the matter to be extracted and con-
versely. For this purpose, we place side by side a number of inclined cylindrical
cells in each of which there is a rotating worm.
The first, third and every odd cell communicate respectively by lateral openings at
their upper ends with the second fourth and other even cells, and the second, fourth
and other even cells communicate at their lower ends with the third, fifth and other
odd cells, the total number of cells being odd. The substance to be treated, such as
seeds, fragments of fish or other oil bearing materials are fed from a hopper or
otherwise, preferably through an intermittently acting valve arranged to prevent
escape of vapour of the solvent, into the first of the inclined cells, the worm of
which causes it to ascend to the opening at the upper end. Through this opening
the substance drops into the upper part of the second cell which it descends.
Through the opening at the lower end of the second cell it passes into the third cell
which it ascends, and thus it is caused to take a zigzag course through the apparatus
being kept by the rotating worms in continual movement and agitation. From the
opening at the upper end of the last cell the substance descends into a receptacle or
into a conveyor by which it is removed.
While the solid, granular or fragmentary substance is thus moved through the
apparatus, the liquid solvent fed in at the upper part of the last cell, descends it
ascends the next and so on, taking the same zigzag course as the solid matter but
in the opposite direction, and finally passes from the first of the cells through a filter
and is led to a still.
By the reaction of the solvent on the solid substance most of the oil and fatty
matters are extracted in a state of solution in the solvent, which being distilled off
for subsequent use leaves the oily or fatty matters separate. As the solid substance
operated on carries with it on its delivery a quantity of solvent absorbed in it or
adhering to it, we cause the discharged matter to be conveyed by a worm along a
steam jacketted cylinder so as to volatilize the solvent. The vapour of the solvent
generated in this cylinder passes along with that from the still to a condenser.
Although we have described carbon bisulphide as a solvent suitable for extraction
of oils and fatty matters, obviously the apparatus might be applied for extraction of
other products by the use of other solvents. As many available solvents are com-
bustible and have vapours more or less noxious, it is of advantage to immerse the
whole apparatus in water so as to aid in preventing escape or combustion of
fumes.
Dated this 16th day of November 1889.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicants.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Extracting Fatty and other Matters
from Substances by Means of Volatile Solvents.
We, HENRY ATHELSTAN ACWORTH DOMBRAIN of Calverley Leeds, in the County of
York Engineer and OLIVER TRUMPER of No. 40 Louise Road Water Lane Stratford
in the County of Essex Engine Smith, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Our Invention relates to apparatus for extracting fatty and other matters from
substances by means of volatile solvents, as for example, for extracting oils from
seeds or from fragments of fish by means of carbon bisulphide. The chief object
which we have in view is to bring the solvent fully in contact with all parts of the
substance on which it has to act throughout a long course of travel through the
apparatus, the travel of the solvent and of the substance acted on being in contrary
directions, so that the solvent most saturated with the extracted matter is last in
contact with the substance containing most of the matter to be extracted and con-
versely. For this purpose, we place side by side a number of inclined cylindrical
cells in each of which there is a rotating worm.
The first, third, and every odd cell communicate respectively by lateral openings
at their upper ends with the second fourth and other even cells, and the second,
fourth and other even cells communicate at their lower ends with the third, fifth,
and other odd cells, the total number of cells being generally odd.
The substance to be treated, such as seeds, fragments of fish or other oil bearing
materials are fed from a hopper or otherwise, preferably through an intermittently
acting valve arranged to prevent escape of vapour of the solvent, into the first of
the inclined cells, the worm of which causes it to ascend to the opening at the upper
end. Through this opening the substance drops into the upper part of the second
cell which it descends.
Through the opening at the lower end of the second cell it passes into the third
cell which it ascends and thus it is caused to take a zigzag course through the
apparatus being kept by the rotating worms in continual movement and agitation.
From the opening at the upper end of the last cell the substance descends into a
receptacle or into a conveyor by which it is removed. While the solid granular or
fragmentary substance is thus moved through the apparatus, the liquid solvent fed in
at the upper part of the last cell, descends it, ascends the next and so on taking the
same zigzag course as the solid matter but in the opposite direction, and finally
passes from the first of the cells through a filter and is led to a still.
By the reaction of the solvent on the solid substance most of the oil and fatty
matters are extracted in a state of solution in the solvent, which being distilled off
for subsequent use leaves the oily or fatty matter separate. As the solid substance
operated on carries with it on its delivery a quantity of solvent absorbed in it or
adhering to it, we cause the discharged matter to be conveyed by a worm along a
steam jacketted cylinder so as to volatilise the solvent. The vapour of the solvent
generated in this cylinder passes along with that from the still to a condenser.
Although we have described carbon bisulphide as a solvent suitable for extraction
of oils and fatty matters, obviously the apparatus might be applied for extraction of
other products by the use of other solvents. As many available solvents are com-
bustible and have vapours more or less noxious it is of advantage to immerse the
whole apparatus in water so as to aid in preventing escape or combustion of fumes.
Such being the general character of the apparatus which we employ we shall
describe more particularly its construction and arrangements referring to the
accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation. Fig. 2 is an end view. Fig. 3 is a plan and Fig. 4
is a longitudinal section of the extracting apparatus. Fig. 5 is a transverse section
of the feed valve. Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section shewing the apparatus immersed
in water so as to provide against escape of vapours of the solvent.

page_text: Referring first to Figs. 1 to 5 inclusive.
By a belt and pulley A or other gearing, rotation is given to a shaft B from which
by bevil gear rotation is communicated to the worms, of which there is one in each
of the inclined cells C to 07. Each of these cells communicates with the next cell
in order by openings a at the upper ends and by openings y at the lower ends of
alternate pairs.
The first cell C is fed from a hopper D through a rotating valve d, admitting the
solid material to be treated and preventing escape of vapour. The worm in C¹ raises
the material to the upper opening a by which it passes into C. In C² it is caused
to descend by the worm which is to the reverse hand of that in C. From C² it
passes by the lower opening y into C3 in which it ascends. And thus the material is
caused to pass alternately up and down in a zigzag course till it passes by the
opening of the last cell C into the steam jacketted cylinder I constituting a
vaporising chamber.
In this chamber the material is propelled by a worm till it is delivered into the
receptacle J. While the solid material is thus made to travel along the cells ("
to the carbon bisulphide or other liquid solvent is admitted into the upper part
of the last cell C7, it flows down this cell and up the next and so on in a direction
opposite to that of the solid matter, becoming more and more charged with the fatty
or other matter extracted by it until finally it is delivered through a filter L into
the still M. The vapours of the solvent from the still M and also that from the
vaporising chamber I are passed through condensers K from which the condensed
liquid flows into a receptacle N to pass again through the extracting cells.
Although we have shewn seven cells, there might be a less or greater odd number
of these, the last one being the highest in order to ensure the flow of the solvent
towards the still. The still M may be of any known suitable construction heated by
steam or otherwise so as to vaporise the solvent, thus separating it from the molten
fatty matter which collects at the lower part of the still and can be run off con-
tinuously or at intervals. The condensers K may also be of any suitable known
construction such as a pipe coil or set of tubes cooled by water circulation.
The cells may have small stop cocks in their upper parts to allow escape of air
when they are charged. We prefer however to lead small branch air pipes from
them to the filter L so that if any of the solvent should accompany the air it will
not be wasted.
As shewn in Fig. 6 the cells are immersed in water in a tank, and in this case,
the worms in the cells instead of being alternately of opposite hands all driven in
the same direction by bevil gear as shewn in Fig. 4, may be all to the same
hand driven alternately in opposite directions by spur gear connecting each to the
next in order. The parts in Fig. 6, corresponding with those in Fig. 4 are marked
by corresponding letters of reference.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. For extracting fatty and other matters from substances by means of volatile
solvents, apparatus consisting of a number of inclined cells provided with rotating
worms and communications such that the material is caused to pass up and down in
a zigzag course through the successive cells while the liquid solvent flows through
them in the opposite direction, in combination with a vaporising cell, a still and
suitable condensers, substantially as described.
2. The modified arrangement of extracting apparatus wherein the extraction cells
are immersed in water, substantially as described.
F 1900
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicants.