CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1862

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to John Farran, of Manchester Road, Bolton-le-Moors,
in the County of Lancaster, Manager, for the Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Sealed the 11th March :1868, and.dated the 24th September 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION, left by the said John Farran at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
September 1862.
I, JOHN FARRAN, of Manchester Road, Bolton-le-Moors, in the County
of Lancaster, Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as
follows:-
The first part of my Invention relates to the picking motion and it consists
in giving motion to the picking sticks alternately from each side of the loom
by means of picking tappets loose on the crank shaft, to each of which is cast
a boss in which is a double groove, a swivel key supported by a bracket fits
in each groove and, as the crank shaft revolves, each picking tappet is brought
alternately to act on the picking sticks, which may be placed over the lay
or under as required. Each picking tappet is guided by a stud fitting in a
hole in the fly wheel.
The second part of the Invention relates to the machinery for giving motion

page_text: to the beddles, the picking tappet at one side of the loom in moving to and
fro on the crank shaft, as above described, acts alternately on two levers
connected by rods, chains, or bands, to a cross shaft on which are fixed pulleys
for giving motion to the top roller shaft to which the heddles are suspended, as
usual. The cross shaft has thus a vibrating motion imparted to it and this
vibrating motion may also be obtained by a rack acting on a pinion on the
cross shaft, the rack deriving its motion from a wheel driven by a pinion on the
crank shaft. The weft motion is driven by a tappet on this cross shaft or by a
tappet on one of the sliding bushes on the crank shaft.
The third part of my Invention relates to the taking-up motion, and it
consists in driving the ratchet wheel, which is connected by a train of wheels
and pinions as usual to the taking-up roller, in the following manner :-To one
of the lay swords is connected a bracket with a stud, this stud gives a
vibrating motion to a lever with two catches acting on each side of the
ratchet wheel in the same manner as the escapement of a clock, the bracket
of the lay sword is also connected to a lever acted upon by the cloth on the
cloth beam. As the cloth accumulates on the cloth beam the stud and
bracket connected to the lay sword are gradually brought nearer to the swing
rail, thus reducing the motion imparted to the ratchet wheel in proportion to
the increasing diameter of the cloth beam. Or the ratchet wheel may be
acted upon by a catch jointed to a lever fixed to a pulley on the stud of the
ratchet wheel, this pulley is turned round by a strap passing over a pulley
on the crank shaft or otherwise. The motion imparted to the ratchet wheel is
governed by a shield acted upon by the lever bearing against the cloth on the
cloth beam so as to reduce the motion in proportion to the increasing diameter
of the cloth haam:
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed.
by. the said John Farrán in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 23rd
March 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN S
FARBAN, of Manchester Road, Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of Lancaster,
Manager, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of 3!
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,

page_text: the said John Farran, Her special license that I, the said John Farran,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or- such others as I, the said
John Farran, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said John Farran, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Farran, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):-
The nature of my Invention consists, first, in an improved combination
of machinery for picking the shuttle from one shuttle box to the other.
Secondly, in an improved combination of machinery for actuating the
healds.
And, lastly, in an improved combination of machinery for taking up the
woven fabric.
.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the accompanying Sheet of
Drawings, reference being had to the figures and letters marked thereon.
Figure 1 is an end elevation of a loom to which my improvements are
applied; Figure 2 is a back view of the same; Figure 3 is a detached
view of the taking-up motion; and Figure 4 is a front view of the
same.
a, is the crank shaft; b the healds; c the top heald roller shaft; d the
lay; e the breast beam, and the taking-up roller, these and all other
well known parts of the loom which are not shewn in the Drawing
or not referred to hereafter are made in the usual manner. To the crank
shaft a, are fixed the ordinary fly, wheels a' and a² each of which is
furnished with a stud as passing through a radial slot in the fly wheel;

page_text: at each end of the crank shaft is mounted a picking tappet 9 in the
boss of which are double grooves g', these double grooves are united by
the crossings shewn in dots in Figure 2. The tappets g .slide on keys fixed
in the crank shaft, and they act alternately on the bowls h connected to the
upright side shafts h, to which the picking sticks h³ are connected in the
usual manner. The tappets 9 are made to slide to and fro on the crank
shaft by the keys i taking into the grooves g³, these keys swivel in bushes
fixed to the frame sides. In Figure 2 the tappet g, at the right hand side
of the loom is in position. for acting on the bowl h, while the other tappet
g is beyond the reach of its bowl h; but at the next revolution of the crank
shaft the position of the tappets g will have been reversed, that is to say,
the tappet at the left-hand side of the loom will be ready to strike the
bowl h while the other will be beyond reach of its bowl, the change in the
position of the tappets g being effected by the keys i which, as before described,
take into the double grooves g¹.
By this improved arrangement of machinery the shuttle is picked alternately
from each side of the loom and the time for picking can be regulated by varying
the positions of the studs a' in the fly wheels.
The second part of my Invention is performed in the following manner :-
To the crank shaft a is fixed the pinion a gearing into the second motion
wheel in the face of which is a stud, to which is jointed the rack k, this
rack gears into the pinion fixed to the cross shaft 11, on which are the
rollers and, for working the healds b; the healds are connected by
straps in the usual manner to the top roller shaft c. The rack k is suspended
to the shaft by the swing frame k³, and as the wheel j revolves it causes
the rack to move to and fro in the frame k¹, thus giving a partial rotary
motion to the pinion 1, shaft 11, and rollers and, for actuating the
healds. The weft motion is driven by a tappet on the shaft l, or by one of
the sliding tappets g.
I will now proceed to describe the third part of my Invention relating
to the taking-up motion. To the axle of the taking-up roller f is fixed a
wheel f¹, shewn in Figure 1; this wheel receives its motion from the ratchet
wheel m, and the usual intermediate pinions and wheel, which are
represented by dotted circles; the ratchet wheel m is turned round gra-
dually by the catches m¹ and m³, jointed to the lever m³, whose fulcrum
is at m; as the lever m³ vibrates upon its fulcrum the catches m' and ni³
act on the ratchet wheel m like the escapement of a clock. To the lower cud
of the lever m³ is jointed one end of the link n, the other end of which is

page_text: jointed to.the crank n¹ fixed to the shaft n³; to this shaft is also fixed the
Fratchet wheel n³, the shaft ³, revolves in the bearing o and on it is
mounted loosely the chain pulley p; cast with or fixed to the lever p¹
shewn best in Figure 4; to the lever p¹ is jointed the catch p³, in which is
a stud for the bowl p³; the chain pulley. p has a constant rotary motion
imparted to it by the chain pulley ¹ fixed to the axle of the second motion
wheel; and the chain 7, shewn by dots in Fig. 1. To the bearing o is fixed
a stud for the shields o¹, which are connected by the links o³ to the
lever o fixed to the shaft o, to which is also fixed the lever o³, connected
by a stud to the lever q, the upper end of which has a roller q¹ bearing against
the cloth on the cloth beam f.
The mode of operation is as follows:-In Figure 1 the parts of the taking-up
motion are in the positions they occupy when the cloth beam is empty, the
lever os is now down and the shields o¹ are so close together that the catch p³
takes into the teeth of the ratchet wheel n³ and the bowl p³ does not bear
upon the shields o³, consequently as the chain pulley p revolves it gives motion
to the ratchet wheel n³, shaft n³, crank n³, link n, and lever m³; but as the
cloth accumulates on the cloth beam, the roller q' is pressed from the cloth
beam, thus causing the lever q to act on the lever o³ and gradually to raise
the lever o; this gradual rising of the lever o³ raises the links o' and expands
the shields o' as shewn in Figure 3, which shews the position of the parts when
the cloth beam is about full; the chain pulley p with the lever p¹ and catch
p3, in revolving now only impart a partial rotary motion to the ratchet
wheel n³, because during a portion of each revolution the catch p², is held out
of contact with the ratchet wheel, by the shields o¹ acting on the bowl p³ as
shewn by the full lines in Figure 3; the dotted lines in the same Figure
represent the catch p³, in gear with the ratchet wheel n³. By this means the
motion of the cloth beam is gradually reduced in proportion to the increasing
diameter of the cloth wound upon it. I wish to observe that the chain
pulley p, may be driven from the crank shaft by regulating the diameters of
'the chain pulleys.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention and described the manner
of performing the same, I declare that I claim,-
First, the improved combination of machinery constituting the picking
motion and particularly the sliding tappets with double grooved bosses
marked g and gas.described.
Secondly, the improved combination of machinery for actuating the healds
as described.

page_text: And, lastly, the improved combination of machinery for gradually diminish-
ing the motion of the taking up roller in proportion to the increasing diameter
of the cloth wound upon it, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Farran, have hereto set my
hand and seal, this Twentieth day of March, in the year of our Lord!
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
JOHN FARRAN. (L.S.)