Improvements in Agricultural Ploughs.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Mar., 1889
Complete Specification Left 7th Dec., 1889-Accepted. 7th Mar., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Agricultural Ploughs.
I WILLIAM COOK CHAFFE of Weech, Dawlish, Devon Agricultural Implement
Maker do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The above plough is constructed for pulverizing the land or ploughing in the
general and ordinary way will plough from four to twelve inches deep, and turn a
furrow from five to ten inches wide and is fitted with suitable and the necessary
shares and mould plates for doing the above work, the draught is from under the
beam of the plough at the centre carrying the draught chain on the furrow side, the
plough has too a wheel between the skife and the mould plate running on the bottom
of the furrow thereby preventing any friction by the skife or the bottom of the mould
plate. It is also fitted with a wheel to run close to the coulter on the land side by which
all long or unrotten dung or other loose manure is regularly placed or turned under
the furrow as it is placed on the land.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Agricultural Ploughs.
I WILLIAM COOK CHAFFE of Weech Dawlish in the County of Devon Agricultural
Implement Maker do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements particularly applicable to ploughs of the
kind known as balance ploughs which carry duplicate sets of plough shares, coulters
and handles one set coming into operation during the outward journey while the other
set are balanced in a position clear from the land, to be brought down when the first
set are likewise carried clear from the land for the return journey thus avoiding the
necessity of turning the plough round at the headlands.
For this purpose I construct the balance plough as hereinafter described reference
being had to the accompanying drawings in all the figures of which like parts are
indicated by the same reference letter.
Figure 1 is a perspective view of the complete plough for ordinary ploughing
operations. Figures 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are enlarged detail views of some of its fittings.
Figure 7 is a plan and Figure 8 an end elevation of a holder for tines to be fitted to
the plough in the manner hereinafter described when the plough is to be employed for
pulverizing the land as well as ploughing the furrows.
I construct the frame or beam A B of the plough in four parts joined by two
angular castings C, an enlarged view of which is shewn at Figure 2. These angular
castings are connected at their lower ends by a horizontal bar or rod passing
through the holes D to which said bar the drawby chain is secured in a manner to
draw the plough advantageously from a low position.
Above the horizontal draw bar I secure a square rod E passing through the frame
or beam A B and the angular castings C at the point F. To this square rod E I
secure the casting G, capable of being regulated and fixed in position by the set
bolts a b, to carry a rod connected with the axle of the furrow wheel H, the position
of the casting G upon the square rod E being regulated for the purpose of
varying the width of the furrow to be cut as desired. The height of the frame or
beam A B above the furrow wheel may also be set as required by means of the set
bolt c.
At the opposite end of the square rod E on the land side of the frame or beam A B

page_text: 1 secure the casting representing a steering head J of the usual form adopted for the
steering wheel of ploughs and having the usual reversible handle K to be employed
alternately engaging with the detent bands I, M so as to pair with the fixed
handles N P and thus provide a pair of handles at either of the ends of the plough and
set the steering wheel Q to drive more or less towards the land as desired. The
vertical height of the steering spindle R in the steering head J is determined by
means of a shifting collar fastened at any desired point by the set bolt d in the
manner usually adopted with this class of steering arrangement; the variations in
the vertical height producing corresponding variations in the vertical depth of the
furrow to be cut by the ploughshare. Upon the furrow side A of the frame or
beam A B I secure in the usual manner by means of plates and bolts or span
bolts the skim coulters S S' and the coulters T T¹.
The ploughshare I construct with removable mould plates which may vary in
shape according to the form of the furrow to be produced or the nature of the
soil to be tilled and I so connect the ploughshare with the frame or beam A B
(preferably on the furrow side A in order to allow for cutting the narrowest
furrows that may be required) that the vertical and horizontal inclination of the
leading point of the ploughshare may be regulated by set bolts in the following
manner :-
I provide a special casting U shown more particularly by the enlarged detail
view at Figure 3 of which Figure 4 is a plan. This casting U is provided with a
descending curved stem W having the ploughshare X (illustrated particularly by
Figures 5 and 6 being respectively a side plan and a base plan) secured thereto by
bolts passing through the holes e fg, and is connected with the A side of the frame or
beam by means of the fulcrum bolt h upon which it is inade to turn more or less by
regulating the positions of the set bolts jk; thus setting the leading point of the
ploughshare to the required angle vertically to produce the required effect for deep or
shallow ploughing as desired. The horizontal inclination is then adjusted by means of
the set boltsm and the casting U is then finally secured in position by means of the
span bolt n.
The mould plates Y which may be of various shapes suitable for various forms of
furrow to be produced or for various kinds of soil to be tilled are connected with the
ploughshare X by means of a bolt passing through the bolt hole p and they bear
ngainst the lip g, of which they form a continuation; they are steadied in position by
means of a tie rod r bolted to the mould plate at one end and clamped to the frame A
at the other end.
At the rear end of the mould plate I provide a friction wheel Z to run in the furrow
formed by the ploughshare thus reducing the friction of the ploughshare in contact
with the earth at the base of the furrow formed. This friction wheel Z1 connect by
a rods extending from its axle and connected with a rod t clamped to the frame or
beam A.
For pulverizing the land as it is overturned by the ploughshare and mould plate
I attach to the plough the tine frame represented by Figures 7 and 8 in which u is
the bar by which attachment may be made at the rear of the mould plate to the
descending curved stem W.
To this bar a is pivoted the tine frame to secured in the required position by means
of a bolt or pin y engaging in one of the several holes provided for this purpose so as
to set the time frame in the required position to bring the tine z or tines upon the
earth at the side of the newly formed furrow. I have shown only one tine = clamped
by means of the bolt and washer in a slot provided to receive a greater or less number
of tines similarly fixed at any required distance apart and employed in greater or less
number according to the requirements for pulverizing or harrowing the earth over-
turned by the plough.
I have found the arrangement of a wheel running close to the coulter as described
in my provisional specification to be impracticable for the intended purpose of
turning loose manure under the furrow and I have therefore abandoned that
arrangement..

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a balance plough, the ploughshare and coulters of which are fixed upon the
furrow side of the frame or beam, means for adjusting the position of the ploughshare
both vertically and horizontally to plough furrows of varying depths and widths within
certain limits substantially as described and illustrated.
2. In the balance plough claimed in claim 1, the combination of an adjustable tine
frame with the ploughshare substantially as and for the purposes described.
3. The combination of a friction wheel with a ploughshare to reduce the friction of
the ploughshare in contact with the earth at the base of the furrow produced, sub-
stantially as described.
Dated this 7th day of December 1889.
AYRTON & THOMAS,
Agents for the Applicant.