IMPROVEMENTS IN CANDLESTICKS, AND IN THE MODE OF SECURING CANDLES THEREIN
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Lyon Field, of Kensington, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, and Francis Michael Cotton, of Foulis
Terrace, Brompton, in the same County, Civil Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CANDLESTICKS, AND IN THE MODE OF
SECURING CANDLES THEREIN."
Sealed the 20th February 1872, and dated the 15th November 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Lyon Field and
Francis Michael Cotton at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 15th November 1871.
We, JOHN LYON FIELD, of Kensington, in the County of Middle-
5 sex, Gentleman, and FRANCIS MICHAEL COTTON, of Foulis Terrace,
Brompton, in the same County, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CANDLESTICKS, AND IN
THE MODE OF SECURING CANDLES THEREIN, to be as follows:-
"
According to this Invention the candle is secured and held in the
candlestick by means of a nozzle made of a tapering form internally, or

page_text: with the whole or portions of its interior surface of smaller diameter at
its upper
end than at its base, and the lower part of the candle is formed
with a tapering portion or enlargement of larger diameter at its base
than at the upper part or portion where it joins the shaft or body of the
candle. The candle is passed through or placed within the inner part of
the nozzle so that its lower end or enlargement is firmly held by the
nozzle.
The nozzle is connected to the pillar of the candlestick by a hinge, or
made to slide within the socket or recess of the candlestick, or the lower
part of the nozzle may be made with a cavity or recess so as to fit over
the top of the pillar of the candlestick.
In some cases we make the internally tapered nozzle in segments or
sections working on a hinge or hinges and closing around the lower part
or enlargement of the candle like jaws, or we may form the nozzle in the
candlestick and pass the candle in from below or through an opening
provided with a removeable block or door, for the purpose of keeping
the candle in its place so long as the candlestick is provided with a
nozzle made with the whole or portions of its internal surface internally
tapered, or of larger internal diameter at its lower part than at its upper
part for holding the candle in position as described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Lyon Field and Francis Michael Cotton
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 6th May 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
LYON FIELD, of Kensington, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, 2
and FRANCIS MICHAEL COTTON, of Foulis Terrace, Brompton, in the
same County, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the 3
thirty-fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said John Lyon Field and Francis Michael
Cotton, Her special licence that we, the said John Lyon Field and

page_text: Francis Michael Cotton, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as we, the said John Lyon Field and Francis Michael
Cotton, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CANDLESTICKS, AND IN THE MODE OF
SECURING CANDLES THEREIN," upon the condition (amongst others) that
we, the said John Lyon Field and Francis Michael Cotton, our exe-
cutors, or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our or
their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or
them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Francis Michael Cotton, on behalf
of the said John Lyon Field and myself, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed and to
the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
According to this Invention the candle is secured and held in the
candlestick by means of a nozzle made of a tapering form internally, or
with the whole or portions of its interior surface of smaller diameter at
its upper end than at its base, and the lower part of the candle is formed
with a tapering portion or enlargement of larger diameter at its base
than at the upper part or portion where it joins the shaft or body of
the candle. The candle is passed through or placed within the inner
part of the nozzle so that its lower end or enlargement is firmly held by
the nozzle.
The nozzle is connected to the pillar of the candlestick by a hinge, or
made to slide within the socket or recess of the candlestick, or the lower
part of the nozzle may be made so as to fit over the top of the pillar of
the candlestick.
In some cases we make the internally tapered nozzle in segments or

page_text: or enlargement of the candle like jaws, or we may form the nozzle in the
candlestick and pass the candle in from below or through an opening
provided with a removeable block or door, for the purpose of keeping the
candle in its place so long as the candlestick is provided with a nozzle
made with the whole or portions of its internal surface internally tapered, ♬
or of larger internal diameter at its lower part than at its upper part
for holding the candle in position as described.
In the accompanying Drawings Figs. 1 and 2 are central vertical
sections of a candlestick constructed with an internally tapered nozzle a
connected to the pillar 6 by a hinge c. The candle is fixed by passing 1
its shaft d through the open nozzle, as shown in Fig. 2, until the
tapered enlargement d of the candle fits into the nozzle a, which is then
shut and is locked in its closed position by turning the catch or locking
piece e into the position shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a central vertical section of a candlestick in which the nozzle 1
a is made to slide within the socket or recess of the candlestick, and acts.
as a circular wedge for holding the candle in a vertical position.
Fig. 4 is an elevation, and Fig. 5 a central vertical section of a candle-
stick in which the lower part a' of the nozzle a fits over the top of the
pillar 6 of the candlestick and is held in position by a bayonet joint ƒ. 2
Fig. 6 is a central vertical section of a modification in which the
lower part a¹ of the nozzle screws on to the pillar 6 of the candlestick
instead of being attached by a bayonet joint as in the preceding
arrangement.
Fig. 7 is a central vertical section of a candlestick in which the nozzle 2
a is made in segments or sections which work on a hinge c. They are
shown open in the Drawing and are closed around the lower part d¹ of
the candle by sliding the ring 9 up the pillar 6 from the position in
which it is drawn to the position indicated by the letter x.
Fig. 8 is a central vertical section of a candlestick in which the nozzle a
a is formed in the candlestick.
The candle d is passed in from below and the opening is then
closed by a removeable block h for the purpose of keeping the candle in
its place. In the arrangement as shown the block his formed with or
attached to the base b', which is secured to the hollow pillar 6 by a
bayonet joint.

page_text: The blue lines in the several views show how the candles are made
with smaller shafts, the size of the lower part or enlargement remaining
the same so as to fit the nozzles a.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, we hereby declare that we do not
claim as of our Invention or the exclusive use of the several parts of
the arrangements herein-before described or referred to, except when the
same are used in and for the purposes of our said Invention which we
hereby declare to consist in,--
First. The mode of securing candles in candlesticks by means of an
internally tapered nozzle, as above described.
Secondly. The construction of candlesticks as shewn in and described
with reference to Figs. 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawings.
Thirdly. The construction of candlesticks as shewn in and described
with reference to Fig. 3 of the accompanying Drawings.
Fourthly. The construction of candlesticks as shewn in and described
with reference to Figs. 4 and 5 of the accompanying Drawings.
Fifthly. The construction of candlesticks as shewn in and described
with reference to Fig. 6 of the accompanying Drawings.
Sixthly. The construction of candlesticks as shewn in and described
with reference to Fig. 7 of the accompanying Drawings.
Lastly. The construction of candlesticks as shown in and described
with reference to Fig. 8 of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof I, the said Francis Michael Cotton, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fourth day of May, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.