Improvements in the Manufacture of Jars and other Hollow Glass- ware, and in the Process of Securing the Lids thereto.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Mar., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 2nd Jan., 1892-Accepted, 6th Feb., 1892
Improvements in the Manufacture of Jars and other Hollow Glass-
ware, and in the Process of Securing the Lids thereto.
I DAN RYLANDS of Shepcote Stairfoot near Barnsley in the County of York
Glass Bottle Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My present invention has for its object the manufacture of glass jars in such a
way that the contents when of a solid nature such as preserved salmon or meat
can be emptied out of the jar without any difficulty and in order to accomplish
this I mould in any suitable manner either by blowing or by pressing or by pressing
and blowing a jar having the screw or rim or inclined portion on the outside wider
than the body of the jar the body of the jar itself being parallel or nearly so and
thus is as wide as the top or thereabouts. The screw portion on the outside will
then stand out actually wider than the body of the jar. The arrangement I prefer
to use for making this special jar is by the combination of the pressing and blowing
process. The first object of my invention is that I form the blowing mould in such
a way that the parison is allowed to come right up to the screw or holding down
portion of the outside of the bottle neck thus leaving virtually no shoulder on the
jar. In order to better adapt the jar for the process of boiling I form on the
underside of the screw portion a ledge around the jar such ledge being so formed
that by the aid of rubber or asbestos or any other suitable packing it will form a
steam tight joint when this ledge is securely pressed on the top of the vessel used
for boiling. It will be well understood that such vessel will have holes the right
size for receiving the body of the jar and that any suitable holding down arrange-
ment can be applied to the jars to hold them in proper position during the time
that they are being boiled. "The second object of iny invention is to so arrange the
putting on of the lids as to secure that the vacuum caused by the articles boiled
therein when such articles are allowed to cool down will be sufficient to hold on
the stopper whether made of glass or other suitable material without any further
holding down material of any kind. To attain this object I form in the top of the
cover a small hole which allows the steam from the boiling contents of the jar to
escape. The cover or stopper of the jar also fits on an india-rubber ring or ring of
other suitable elastic material placed on or in the shoulder either on the inside or
outside of the neck of the jar and the glass lid is securely held in tight position by
means of a screw cap made of any suitable metal or material. Immediately the
contents of the jar is properly cooked a small quantity of any suitable kind of wax
or cement is dropped into the small hole formed through the cover of the jar and
this serves to effectually close the said hole. Immediately this hole is thus closed
and the steam inside the jar condenses a vacuum is caused which sucking on the
jar lid or stopper holds it in airtight position so that when the jar is cold the screw
holding down cap can be removed and the vacuum inside the jar serves to hold the
lid in safe and air-tight position. Where desired a paper cover may be passed over
the lid as a protection or a paper label may be passed round the edges of the lid
and of the top of the bottle mouth. The bolding down cap hereinbefore referred
to may be loose and easily removed from one bottle to the other or it may be fixed
over the bottles and removed by a handle. In this latter case there would be the
same number of handles (or their mechanical equivalent) for the boiling vessels as
there would be holes in such vessel. In some cases it may be possible to dispense
with the screw cap and to hold the stopper in airtight position during the process
of boiling by means of cross bars fitted with suitable wood or other plugs and held

page_text: down by means of a lever or screw arrangement so that the one -screw or lever
could act as holder down for any desired number of jars. In stopping the vent
hole in the lid I sometimes use a small piece of round or other suitably shaped
glass and drop it in the hole before pouring or dropping in the wax or cement.
Dated this 27th day of February 1891.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Jars and other Hollow Glass-
ware, and in the Process of Securing the Lids thereto.
1, DAN RYLANDS, of Shepcote, Stairfoot, near Barnsley, in the County of York,
Glass Bottle Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My present invention has for its object the manufacture of glass jars in such a
way that the contents, when of a solid nature such as preserved salmon or meat,
can be emptied out of the jar without any difficulty, and in order to accomplish
this I mould in any suitable manner, either by blowing, or by pressing, or by
pressing and blowing, a jar having the screw or rim or inclined portion on the
outside wider than the body of the jar, the body of the jar itself being parallel or
nearly so and thus is as wide as the top of the jar or thereabouts. The screw
portion on the outside will then stand out actually wider than the body of the jar.
The arrangement I prefer to use for making this special jar is by the combination
of the pressing and blowing process.
The first object of my invention is that I form the blowing mould in such a way
that the parison is allowed to come right up to the screw or holding-down portion
of the outside of the bottle neck thus leaving virtually no shoulder on the jar. In
order to better adapt the jar for the process of boiling, 1 form on the underside of
the screw portion a ledge around the jar such ledge being so formed that by the
aid of rubber or asbestos, or any other suitable packing, it will form a steam tight
joint when this ledge is securely pressed on the top of the vessel used for boiling.
It will be well understood that such vessel will have holes the right size for
receiving the body of the jar, and that any suitable holding-down arrangement can
be applied to the jars to hold them in proper position during the process of
boiling.
The second object of my invention is to so arrange the putting on of the lids as
to secure that the vacuum caused by the articles boiled in the jars, when such
articles are allowed to cool down, will be sufficient to hold on the stopper whether
made of glass or other suitable material, without any further holding-down material
of any kind. To attain this object I form in the top of the cover a small hole
which allows the steam from the boiling contents of the jar to escape.
The cover
or stopper of the jar also fits on an india rubber ring, or ring of other suitable
elastic material, placed on or in the shoulder either on the inside or outside of the
neck of the jar, and the glass lid is securely held in tight position by means of a
screw cap made of any suitable metal or material. Immediately the contents of
the jar is properly cooked a small quantity of any suitable kind of wax or cement
is dropped into the small hole formed through the cover of the jar and this serves
to effectually close the said hole. Immediately this hole is thus closed and the
steam inside the jar condenses, a vacuum is caused which by sucking on the jar lid
or stopper holds it in airtight position so that when the jar is cold the screw holding-
down cap can be removed, and the vacuum inside the jar serves to hold the lid in
safe and airtight position.
over. the lid,
I also pass a paper cover or a strip of any other suitable material
r over the upper rim of the jar which receives the lid, as a protection against con-
amination of the contents by the rubber. I also pass a paper label round the

page_text: edges of the lid and of the outer rim of the jar as a protection against any breaking
of the seal secured by the vacuum in the jar.
The holding-down cap hereinbefore referred to may be loose and easily removed
from one bottle to the other; or it may be fixed over the bottles and removed by
a handle. In this latter case there would be the same number of handles (or their
mechanical equivalents) for the boiling vessels as there would be holes in such
vessels.
In some cases it may be preferable to dispense with the screw cap and to hold
the stopper in airtight position during the process of boiling by means of cross bars
fitted with suitable wood or other plugs, and held-down by means of a lever or
screw arrangement, so that the one screw or lever could act as holder-down for
any desired number of jars.
In stopping the vent hole in the lid, I sometimes use a small piece of round or
other suitably-shaped glass or other similar vitreous substance, and drop it in the
hole before pouring or dropping in the wax or cement.
In order that my invention may be more clearly understood I annex drawings of
which the following is a description:
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of one form of my improved jar, showing the
jar, the jar cover, and the holding-down screw or rim in position as when in use.
Figs. 2 and 3 are also elevations in section illustrating other forms of my
improved jar.
Fig. 4 is an elevation partly in section showing the cooking tank and the means
adopted for suspending the jars in the interior of the tank in such a manner that
the steam is confined within the tank, and prevented from reaching the lids of
the jars.
Fig. 5 is a sectional elevation of the blowing and parison moulds employed in
the manufacture of my improved jars by the pressing and blowing process, showing
the formation of the parison mould and the position it occupies in the interior of
blowing mould during the pressing operation.
Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of the jar mouth and lid shown by Fig. 2 on a smaller
scale.
Fige. 7, 8 and 9 illustrate methods of temporarily holding down and securing the
cover to the jar during the cooking and cooling of the contents of the jar; when
the desired vacuum having been set up and secured the holding-down device can
be removed.
Referring to Fig. 1, a is the body of the jar, the enlarged mouth portion on
which is formed the screw thread c; d a seating for the elastic jointing ring e
which may be of rubber or other suitable substance; the upper rim of the mouth
of the jar serving to hold the jointing ring e in position, the lid of the jar which
may be of glass, porcelain, or other suitable substance, the threaded screw down
rim, the hole for the escape of steam and air during the cooking operation.
In Figs. 2 and 6 the lid of the jar is shown held down by the pressure of the
atmosphere alone, dispensing with the screw down rim shown by Fig. 1; i is a
strip of paper pasted or otherwise secured around the outer rim or enlarged portion
of the jar and outer circumference of the lid or cover j¹ serving as a protection
against the breaking of the seal secured by the vacuum within the jar is a ledge
for forming an airtight joint on the boiling vessel; e the jointing ring, the ledge
for receiving the ring e; and a strip of paper or other suitable material placed
over the inside of the rim of the cover and fitting between that rim and the top
rim of the jar for protecting the contents against rubber contamination.
In Fig. 3 the lid of the jar is also held down by atmospheric pressure. The
lid 9 in this modification is carried internally within the mouth of the jar, resting
on the jointing ring e, which jointing ring is carried and supported by the annular
seating / formed in the mouth of the jar. A prepared paper label pasted over
the upper portion of cover and around the outer circumference of the mouth portion
of jar serving (as in the case of the previously-described jar) as a protection to
the seal.

page_text: Fig. 6 is an enlarged sectional view of the mouth portion of jar and cover
illustrated by Fig. 2, showing more clearly the outer covering of paper, the
internal lining of paper or other suitable material, jointing ring e, and per-
foration of the formation shown, and in the enlarged portion of which perforation
a small piece of glass or other vitreous substance is placed before the sealing of
the jar as afterwards described.
Fig. 4 illustrates the steam cooking cistern and the means adopted for suspending
the jars in the cistern in such a manner that the steam is confined within the
cistern; o is the cistern, p a cover plate perforated with any convenient number of
holes for the reception and seating of the jars 717, the cover being rendered
steam tight by the jointing ring we placed on the internal flange of the cistern:
yyy are elastic jointing rings carried by the upper surface of cistern cover plate p
for the purpose of seating the jars and preventing the escape of steam from the
cistern; is the steam inlet pipe, 1 the pipe for emptying the cistern, 2 a platten
operated by screw 3 and hand wheel 4; 5, 5, 5, are boxes secured to the under
surface of platten for the purpose of holding the cylindrical rubber springs 6, 6, in
position.
Fig. 7 shows a device for holding down the lid of the jar during the time
occupied by the cooking, sealing and cooling of the contents of the jar, and consists
of a clip 7 suitably formed with projections S 8 as shown, and capable of engaging
with the under surface of the enlarged portion of the mouth of the jar 9; 10 is a
holding-down screw applying pressure to the lid g, forcing down the lid on the
clastic jointing ring, compressing the ring, and making an airtight joint. Figs. 8
and 9 illustrate in elevation and plan view respectively another form of lid-holding-
down device consisting of a handle 11 carrying three projecting arms 12 12 12
formed at their lower ends with projections or claws. 13 13 13 suitably shaped to
engage with and obtain a bearing upon the raised surface 14 constituting the lower
portion of the mouth of the jar. The lid is made with inclined raised pro-
jections 15 15 on its upper surface. It will be seen that by placing the holding-
down device in the position shown and then rotating the handle will result in the
forcing down of the lid upon the jointing ring, compressing the same, and making
the desired air-tight joint.
The method of hermetically sealing a jar and protecting its contents in accordance
with my invention is as follows:- -Referring firstly to Fig. 1, the jointing ring e
being placed in position around the raised rim and resting on the seating d, the
annular edge d' of the lid of the jar being brought forcibly down on the elastic
jointing ringe by means of the threaded revolving holding-down rim h applying
pressure to the lid, but in such a manner that the jar lid does not revolve but
descends upon the jointing ring. In the modified forms of jar illustrated by
Figs. 2, 3, and 6 which are not provided with a permanent screw-down rim, it is
necessary after placing the jointing ring and jar lid in position to apply the holding-
down device as illustrated by Fig. 7. The jars and their contents, being now
prepared for the cooking operation, are placed in the cooking cistern, which may
cousist of the arrangement of cistern, holding-down screw, platten, and rubber
compensating springs, illustrated and described in reference to Fig. 4; or may
consist of a vessel having apertures formed in the lid portion for the reception of
the jars, the holding-down devices shown by Figs. 7, 8 and 9 being relied upon to
compress the jointing rings.
Referring to Fig. 4, the jars being in position as shown, the hand wheel 4 being
operated will result in the descent of the platten 2 with the attached rubber
springs 6. The power exerted by the descending platten will put in compression
the rubber springs, and in so doing will securely hold down the lids of the jars, and
compensate for any little difference that may exist in the thickness of the rubber
jointing ring or the depth of the lid of the jar. Steam being now admitted by
pipe will gradually raise the water contained in the cistern to the boiling point
Time is now given for the contents of the jar to be properly and sufficiently cooked,
the small piece of glass or similar vitreous substance n shown by Fig. 6 is placed in

page_text: position in the aperture ¹, and melted wax, cement, or other suitable substance
poured or rubbed over it, the piece of glass or similar vitreous substance preventing
the melted wax or cement from finding its way into the interior of the jar. To
still further fix the wax or cement in the aperture it is preferable to apply heat to
it by means of a hot iron instrument, thus causing the cementing material to adhere
more firmly to the glass cover.
The jars having been sealed can be removed from the cooking cistern and
allowed to cool. The paper labels i or can now be attached to the jars not
provided with a screw holding-down rim, and when the jars and contents have
become sufficiently cooled to cause the desired vacuum to be set up, the lid holding-
down device can be removed, and the above-described series of operations repeated
with other jars. It will be well understood that the label or strip k of paper or
other suitable substance is affixed either around the raised rim of the jar or over
the inside of the rim of the cover and that this has to be done before the lid is
attached to the jar.
In the carrying out of my invention as applied to the manufacture of the above
described jars, I adopt the pressing and blowing process, a suitable apparatus for
the purpose being shown by Fig. 5, in which 16 is the parison or pressing mould
and 17 the blowing mould in two halves as shown. The illustration shows the
parison mould in the interior of blowing mould during the pressing operation, and
clearly shows the formation of the mouth portion of the jar, the remaining portion
of jar being completed during the blowing operation as will be well understood.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what 1
claim is :-
1. In the manufacture of jars and other hollow glassware on the pressing and
blowing process such a combination of the pressing and blowing moulds as will
allow the parison mould to come right up to the ledge or screw-forming portion
immediately under the holding-down arrangement substantially as described and
shown with reference to Fig. 5 of the accompanying drawings.
2. The improved jar having a ledge and the arrangement as shown for securing
an airtight joint on the boiling vessel substantially as shown and described with
reference to Figs. 2, 3 and 4, or any modification thereof.
3. In a jar or other hollow vessel the combination of a lid having an escape
hole, such lid being adapted to fit on an india rubber washer e on external
ledge and internal ledge 7 with a paper cover or label arranged around the
edges of the lid of the jar as and for the purpose herein described with reference
to Figs. 2, 3 and 6.
4. The combination with a jar having a hole pierced through the lid of the
special arrangements for holding down the lid of the jar in airtight position during
the process of cooking the contents as shown and described with reference to
Figs. 1, 4, 7, 8 and 9.
5. In combination as shown the arrangement for stopping the vent hole h³ con-
sisting in inserting a piece of glass or other similar vitreous substance before
dropping in the wax or cement.
Dated this 1st day of January 1892.