IMPROVE- MENTS IN FIRE-GRATES OR STOVES FOR WARMING APARTMENTS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Brampton, of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FIRE-GRATES OR STOVES FOR WARMING APARTMENTS."
Sealed the 9th September 1873, and dated the 25th March 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Brampton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 25th March 1873.
I, FREDERICK BRAMPTON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
“IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-GRATES OR STOVES FOR WARMING APARTMENTS," to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing and arranging in the manner
herein-after described the parts of fire-grates or stoves, the object of my
said Invention being to effect the heating or warming of the room or

page_text: }
apartment in which the fire-grate or stove is situated with great economy
of fuel.
In constructing a fire-grate or stove according to my Invention I
enclose the grate in which the combustion of the fuel is effected in a
rectangular or other shaped chamber or casing, the front only of the
grate being open to the apartment. The said chamber or casing is so
set in the recess in the wall that its front end projects a short distance
into or lies flush with the wall of the apartment, a space being left
between the sides, back, and top of the chamber and the said recess.
The fire-grate, which is small in size compared with the chamber or
casing described, rests upon the foundation plate of the said chamber,
the grate being passed into the chamber through an opening in the front
thereof. The front of the grate carrying the fire-bars consists of a metal
frame situated outside the chamber, the fire-bars being broader and
thinner than usual, and inclined to the sides of the frame after the
manner of louvre boards. The body of the grate within the chamber is
made of fire-clay. The grate is introduced into and removed from the
chamber by a sliding motion. The fire-clay body of the grate is
prolonged upwards, and conducts the heated air and products of com-
bustion to the top of the chamber. The said heated air and products of
combustion descend to the bottom of the chamber, and escape by a
vertical flue within the chamber and at the side of the fire-grate body.
The lower open end of this fluc is situated near the bottom of the
chamber, and the upper end passes out at the top of the chamber, and
opens into the chimney. The chamber or casing, besides being thus
heated by the circulation of the heated air within it, is also heated by
the direct radiation of the heat from the grate.
By constructing and arranging the parts of the fire-grate or stove in
the manner described the heated air is utilized to the fullest extent, and
the combustion of a small quantity of coal is sufficient to effectually
warm the apartment.
A trough for containing water is made on three sides of the foundation
plate of the heating chamber or casing described and external thereto.
By the heat of the said chamber the water is evaporated, and the heated
air passing into the apartment is charged with moisture. The level of
the water in the trough is seen, and its supply kept up at a small funnel-
shaped opening in front of the chamber.

page_text: I prefer to make the chamber or casing described of a skeleton or
open frame of cross and angle bars, the openings in the said frame being
filled with ornamental tiles made of clay, terra cotta, or other earthy
material; or the chamber or casing may be made of corrugated iron.
The ventilation of the room in which my improved fire-grate or stove
is used is efficiently maintained by an opening at the back of the said
grate or stove communicating with the external air, the fresh air passing
under and around the heating chamber or casing before it enters the
room..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Frederick Brampton in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 20th September 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
BRAMPTON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer,
sond greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Frederick Brampton, Her special license that
I, the said Frederick Brampton, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Frederick Brampton, my executors, admin-
istrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-GRATES OR
STOVES FOR WARMING APARTMENTS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Frederick Brampton, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
scals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause

page_text: the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Brampton, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in constructing and arranging in the manner
herein-after described the parts of fire-grates or stoves, the object of my
said Invention being to effect the heating or warming of the room
or apartment in which the fire-grate or stove is situated with great
economy of fuel.
.
In constructing a fire-grate or stove according to my Invention I
enclose the grate, in which the combustion of the fuel is effected, in a
rectangular or other shaped chamber or casing, the front only of the
grate being open to the apartment. The said chamber or casing is so set
in the recess. in the wall that its front end projects a short distance into
or lies flush with the wall of the apartment, a space being left between
the sides, back, and top of the chamber and the said recess. The
fire-grate which is small in size compared with the chamber or casing
described, rests upon the foundation plate of the said chamber, the grate
being passed into the chamber through an opening in the front thereof.
The front of the grate carrying the fire-bars consists of a metal frame
situated outside the chamber, the fire-bars being broader and thinner
than usual and inclined to the sides of the frame after the manner of
louvre boards. The body of the grate within the chamber is made of
firc-clay. The grate is introduced into and removed from the chamber
by a sliding motion. The fire-clay body of the grate is prolonged
upwards, and conducts the heated air and products of combustion to
the top of the chamber. The said heated air and products of combustion
descend to the bottom of the chamber and escape by a vertical flue
within the chamber and at the side of the firc-grate body: The lower
open end of this flue is situated near the bottom of the chamber, and the
upper end passes out at the top of the chamber and opens into the
chimney. The chamber or casing described besides being thus heated
by the circulation of the heated air within it.is also heated by the direct
radiation of the heat from the grate.

page_text: The ventilation of the room in which my improved fire-grate or stovo
is used is efficiently maintained by an opening at the back of the said
grate or stove communicating with the external air, the fresh air passing
under and around the heating chamber or casing before it enters the
room.

page_text: thickness, and inclination best seen in the section, Figure 4, the said
bars projecting from the face of the plate i carrying them. By giving
the said fire-bars the breadth and inclination represented the fuel in the
grate is prevented from falling therefrom through the openings
between the bars. The bottom of the fire-clay body is cut away at ³
and an opening formed through which the ash falls into the ash pit. The
fire-grate h, i, is passed into the chamber c through the opening in the front
plate and is supported in the said chamber by its foot resting on
the foundation plate g. The chamber or casing c carrying the fire-grate
is supported on rollers c³, c³, by means of which it can readily be intro-
duced into and removed from the recess d in the wall of the room. The
fire-grate h opens into the chamber c by the opening * in its top, and
on one side of the said chamber is a vertical flue 7. This flue l'opens at
bottom into the chamber c, and its upper end is fitted into the fire-clay
slab or cover m, supported on the angle bar framing c² of the chamber c,
and closing the top of the said chamber. The flue / extends beyond the
slab or cover m and passes to the chimney of the apartment. The
heated air and products of combustion from the fuel in the fire-grate h, i,
pass by the opening at top into the upper part of the chamber c, about
which chamber they circulate. The said heated air and products of
combustion descend to the bottom of the said chamber c and enter tho
vertical flue / by the opening at bottom, and from thence pass to the
chimney. The heated air and products of combustion are thus made to
circulate within the chamber c before they pass to the chimney. The
said chamber is highly heated thereby, besides being heated by the direct
radiation of the heat from the grate. By an examination of the Drawing
it will be seen that the chamber or casing c is so set in the recess & that
there is a space between its sides and top for the circulation of air. The
said air may either be supplied by an opening at the back of the recess d
communicating with the external atmosphere, or may pass from the
apartment under the bottom of the chamber c. By the circulation of
the air around and about the heated bottom, sides, and top of the
chamber c, the said air becomes heated and passes into the apartment
through the perforations f³, f³, in the frame or front plate of the grate.
The fire-clay, slab, or cover m of the chamber is highly heated by the
heated air circulating about the chamber, and by its mass serves as a
regulator, giving great uniformity to the action of the heating
annanatua

page_text: By constructing and arranging the parts of the fire-grate or stove in
the manner described and illustrated the heated air is utilized to the
fullest extent, and the combustion of a small quantity of coal is
sufficient to effectually warm the apartment.
Figure 8 represents in front elevation, Figure 9 in side elevation,
Figure 10 in vertical section, Figure 11 in plan, and Figure 12 in
.horizontal section a modification of the grate already described. In
this arrangement of my Invention I give the chamber c a semicircular
figure in plan instead of a rectangular figure, and instead of closing up
the front of the recess d in the wall e, in which the grate is set by
means of the front plate or frame fI leave the said recess open, the sides
of the said recess being lined with ornamental tiles of terra cotta. The
vertical flue is situated behind the fire-grate h, i, instead of on one
side, and the terra cotta top m of the chamber is domo shaped. Instead
of fixing the corrugated plates constituting the sides of the chamber o
to the top and bottom plates c², g, by rivetting, the said corrugated plates
are fixed in the following manner:-In the flanges of the plates c³, g,
recesses of the shape of the corrugated plates are made, and into these
recesses the top and bottom edges of the corrugated plates are placed.
By drawing together the top and bottom plates c³, 9, by means of the
tie rods p, p, the corrugated plates are securely retained in their places.
The recesses are then filled with cement or plaster of Paris. The ends
of the corrugated plates are secured to the front plate or frame ƒ of
the grate by being fixed between vertical flanges on the inner side of
the said frame and the bars q³, which latter, are bolted to the flanges (sec
Figure 12). The action of this grate is the same as that of the grate
herein-before. described and illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7,
and corresponding parts are marked with the same letters of reference.
A dish of water may be placed upon the top or cover m of the chamber c.
By the evaporation of the water in the said dish the heated air passing
into the apartment is charged with moisture.
The chamber or casing of the apparatus may be made of a skeleton or
open frame of cross and angle bars, the openings in the said frame
being filled with ornamental tiles made of clay, terra cotta, or other
carthy material. I prefer however to make the said chamber of
.corrugated copper or other metal, as described and represented.

page_text: "
Figures 13, 14, 15, and 16 represent a kitchen or cooking grate con-
structed according to my Invention, Figure 13 being a side elevation,
and Figure 14 a plan of the grate; Figure 15, a vertical section of the
back of the grate taken on the line p, Figure 14; and Figure 16, a
horizontal section of the same. In this arrangement the chamber q is t
made of sheet iron, rivetted to the top and bottom plates 1, 8; tis the
fire-grate, constructed substantially as herein-before described; and u is
the vertical exit flue by which the heated air and products of combustion,
after circulating about the chamber 7, escape to the chimney. On one
side of the grate t I place the oven u³, and at the other side of the grate 1
the boiler v; u³ is the door of the oven, and v³ is the tap for drawing:
water from the boiler v. Between the top of the fire-grate t and the top
of the oven, u³ a covering plate w is fixed, by means of which the heated
air, after leaving the grate t, is made to circulate over the top, down
the side, and under the bottom of the oven before it enters the bottom of 1
the exit flue 2, as indicated by the arrows in Figure 15. The heat
radiated from the grate t and heated chamber q is sufficient to heat the
water in the boiler v.
. The top plate q³ of the chamber q may be made in one or two pieces,
and is connected with the vertical sides by means of a sand joint, as will 2
be understood by reference to Figure 15. By lifting the said plate (or
when mado in two parts, one of the said parts) access is immediately
gained to the interior of the chamber for cleaning or any other purpose;
and by replacing the top plate or part of the plate, its junction with the
vertical sides is made tight by means of the sand joint.
2
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do
not limit myself to the precise details herein described and illustrated,
as the same may be varied without departing from the nature of my
Invention; but I claim as my Invention, the improvements in fire- 3
grates or stoves for warming apartments herein-before described and
illustrated in the accompanying Drawings, that is to say, constructing
the grate in which the combustion of the fuel is effected in the manner
described and illustrated, and enclosing the said grate in a chamber or
casing, within which chamber the heated air and products of combustion 3
are made to circulate before they pass to the chimney, the apparatus

page_text: being set and the parts of the said fire-grate and chamber being com-
bined and arranged substantially as described and illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Brampton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of September, in
the year of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy-
three.
FREDERICK BRAMPTON. (L.S.)
Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT,
Clerk to George Shaw,
Birmingham.
i