matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED LEAVEN
Year: 1852

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Armand Jean
Constantin Hudault at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th November 1852.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Armand Jean
Constantin Hudault at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th November 1852.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within
the time prescribed by the Act.)
J, ARMAND JEAN CONSTANTIN HUDAULT, of Paris, in the Republic
of France, and of 16, Castle Street, Holborn, London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED LEAVEN"
to be as follows: -
This improved leaven is thus obtained: -For a sack of flour
weighing about 312 pounds about ten pounds of rice flour are to be
put in the sack of flour, and also about 10 lbs. of flour of germinat-
ing barley, or of any germinating cereal as suitable for the purpose.
The rice flour should be diluted in its weight of water.
After 40
minutes, boiling water is added till the mixture has the consistency
of a pap; it is then stirred up with a masher.
The flour of germinating barley then undergoes the same
operation.
Afterwards the rice pap is slowly poured on that of the barley,
taking care to mix them thoroughly.

page_text: The mixture then left three or four hours in a covered vessel, and
afterwards uncovered and left to cool in the open air. If it be
desirable to make a more powerful leaven, 20 instead of 10 pounds
of barley flour must be employed. In the latter case, when the
leaven is poured into the dough, 250 grammes of yeast, and about
10 pints of warm water are to be added. The whole is mixed and
exposed to the air for an hour.
For the same quantity of flour from 300 to 312 pounds, the
leaven may be made as follows:-10 pounds of flour of wheat, 10
pounds of rice flour, 625 grammes of sugar, and about a pint and a
half of brandy at 214 degrees (French).
The whole diluted in 30 or 45 pints of water. To dilute the rice
flour, about 22 pints of water heated at about 55 degrees Reaumer.
The sugar is melted. Flour is added, taking care to stir it con-
tinually, so that it may not be clotted, and so that may mix
thoroughly with the sugar. Separately about 10 lbs. of wheat flour
are diluted in about 15 or 30 pints of water at the same tempera-
ture. This mixture is stirred.
At the moment of kneading the flour this leaven is added to the
ordinary leaven. When the mixture of them is completed, the
mixture is made with the dry flour as usual, having care to observe
the quantity of water put in the new leaven so as to put that
quantity less for the kneading. The same is to be observed for
employing leaven containing more than 10 pounds of flour of
germinated barley.
2
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING OF METALS
Year: 1852

page_text: Inis Inveru
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by Richard Prosser at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 11th November 1852, pursuant to the 9th
Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
RICHARD PROSSER, of No. 18, Broad Street, Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING OF METALS,"
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement (that
is to say):-
of my
My improvements relate to rolling metal of a wedge form (that
is, of different thicknesses at each end), and also to rolling metal of
different thicknesses at each edge, the width being parallel. The
ingots of metal to be rolled must be cast, forged, or otherwise pre-
pared of a wedge like form. The difference between the thickness
of each end or each edge of each ingot must vary according to the
required difference between the thickness of each end or each edge
of each sheet of rolled metal when finished.
Two wedge formed pieces or ingots of metal must be rolled
together, the one being superincumbent upon or placed directly

page_text: on and over the other, with the thick end of one wedge formed
ingot over the thin end of the other wedge formed ingot, thus, -
The two wedge formed pieces placed as above must be rolled
together, as one piece, in the ordinary manner of rolling. If both
surfaces of each sheet of metal are required to be smooth, the sur-
faces in contact with each other must be separated after each
rolling, and those surfaces reversed, so as to bring them in contact
with the surfaces of the rolls at the next passage through them.
Metal thus rolled will be found to vary in thickness at each end
or each side, depending on the manner in which each pair of ingots
have been presented to the rolls. If the thick and thin parts of
the wedges form the sides of the ingots, the metal will vary in
thickness at the edges. If the thick and thin part of the wedges
form the ends of the ingots, then the metal when rolled will vary in
thickness at each end.
I claim rolling of metals of a wedge form by the methods
described in this my Specification.
In witness whercof, I, the said Richard Prosser, have hereunto
RICHARD PROSSER. (L.s.)
Taken and acknowledged at Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, by the said
Richard Prosser, this Tenth day of
November 1852. Before me,
THO". SLANEY,
A Master Extraordinary in Chancery.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF EXTRACTING JUICE FROM THE SUGAR CANE
Year: 1852

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Thornborrow Manifold
and Charles Spencer Lowndes at the Office of the Commissioners
ཤ ཥྱ དག ཅིག བཤད བམ མ ཨི མ འབའ
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Thornborrow Manifold
and Charles Spencer Lowndes at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 4th December 1852.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within
the time prescribed by the Act.)
We, JOHN THORNBORROW MANIFOLD and CHARLES SPENCER
LOWNDES, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE METHOD OF EXTRACTING JUICE FROM THE SUGAR CANE" to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel arrangement or adaptation of
the hydraulic press for the purpose of extracting the juice from
sugar canes and similar vegetables.
In carrying out this Invention we propose to use two presses, the
tables or plates of which are cach connected by connecting rods and
links to the ends of a vibrating beam or lever overhead, similar to
an ordinary steam engine beam, for the purpose of raising one plate
while the other is being depressed, the cylinders and rams being
above the plates, which consequently work downwards. The cam
carriers pass right through the presses, travelling beneath the

page_text: pressing plates, and are stopped and driven on again as they are
alternately pressed and released by their respective plates above them.
As the pressing plates ascend after each downward stroke their
respective cam carriers traverse forward the extent of the pressing
plate, and are then thrown out of gear, and consequently stopped by
self-acting mechanism for that purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EXPRESSING JUICE OR FLUID FROM THE SUGAR CANE AND FROM OTHER MATTERS
Year: 1852

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hadden Young at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 27th October 1852.
I, JAMES HADDEN YOUNG, of 66, College Street, Camden Town, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN EXPRESSING JUICE OR FLUID FROM THE
SUGAR CANE AND FROM OTHER MATTERS" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of causing sugar canes or other matters to be
pressed between two unyielding surfaces, one being perforated or open
to some extent for the passage of fluid, such pressure being combined
with the use of partial vacuum, with or without the flow of air or fluid
amongst the matters being compressed, to facilitate the separation of
the juice or fluid of the sugar cane or matters under process; and the
most convenient arrangement, it is believed, is a cylinder and piston
with a perforated bottom arranged suitably for introducing and removing

page_text: the canes or other matters, so that by the piston descending or ap-
proaching the the perforated end the cane or matters will be crushed,
and concurrently therewith air or fluid, when required, may be caused
or allowed to flow thro' and amongst the materials; and such processes
may be repeated when necessary.
IM. PROVEMENTS IN HYDROSTATIC PROPULSION
Year: 1852

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Dudgeon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 29th November 1852.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, THOMAS DUDGEON, of the City of Edinburgh, Scotland, Gentle-
inan, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM.
PROVEMENTS IN HYDROSTATIC PROPULSION" to be as follows:—
My Invention consists in adapting and applying the instrument
known as the "hydrostatic bellows" to the purposes of motive
power by so constructing and arranging the said instrument, or any
number of them, as to cause them to act upon and impel the cogs of
a wheel for driving machinery.
The instrument itself may be varied in the details of its construc-
tion, and the mode of its application to the wheel may also be vari-
ously adapted to meet different cases. It may be composed of
moveable tubes, similar to those of a telescope, and suspended by a
metal bar of competent strength on an axle or pivot, in such a inan-

page_text: ner as to cause the moveable tubes, when acted upon by the water
within the "bellows," to impel the wheel by the force of their pres-
sure upon various cogs in succession. The height and size of the
tube employed to convey the water to and cause hydrostatic pres-
sure within the "bellows" will be varied, and so may the construc-
tion and arrangement of the valves in the said "bellows," and also in
the tube. For the purpose of stopping the motion of this apparatus
or mechanism, there is an additional valve adapted and applied to
the tube.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1852

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lot Faulkner at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Pétition, on the 16th
October 1852.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, LOT FAULKNER, of Cheadle, in the County of Chester, Machinist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER" to be as
follows:-
In the first place I employ a beam, capable of vibrating upon a fixed
centre, like the beam of an ordinary steam engine, to one end of. which
(say the right-hand end) I attach the machinery to be moved or the
weight to be raised; to the other end of the said beam (say the left-
hand end) I attach two levers mounted upon studs, and so connected
together by spur gearing that they shall revolve in opposite directions,
and always counterbalance each other; upon these levers I place suit-
able weights. The right-hand end of, the said beam must be so loaded
by a fixed weight that when the levers are in a right line, are above
and the other below the left-hand end of the beam, and at right angles
to it, the said beam shall be balanced, or thereabouts. Now it is evi-
dent that if the said levers are brought into a line with the beam one

page_text: fourth of a revolution in the direction of the fixed centre of the beam,
the weights being brought so much nearer the centre, according to the
length of the levers, the fixed weight at the right hand of the beam
will outweigh the moveable weights; but upon the levers making one
half a revolution more, the weights will be brought beyond the left-
hand end of the beam by the length of the levers, and will outweigh
the fixed weight. Thus it will be seen that by causing the weighted
levers to revolve upon their centres each end of the beam becomes
alternately heaviest, thus causing-it to oscillate-upon its centre, and by
suitably varying the length of the levers, and the proportions of the
weights, power may be increased to a great extent; the only expendi-
ture of power required being that for causing the weighted levers to
revolve upon their centres, which (as they balance each other) need only
be sufficient to overcome the friction of their centres. If the weighted
levers. are made longer than one half of the beam, as they revolve the
weight will actually pass from one side of the centre of the beam to the
other alternately, and thus the fixed counterbalance weight may be dis-
pensed with. As the power required to put the weighted levers in
motion is so small in comparison with the force exerted at the other
end of the vibrating beam, it will be evident that a great increasing
motive power is obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS STOVES OR FIRE-PLACES
Year: 1852

page_text: October 1852.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, GEORGE BOWER. of St. Neots, in the County of Huntinglon, Iron-
monger and Ironfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS STOVES OR FIRE-PLACES " to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the obtainment of increased economy of gas
and heat in the application of gas to fire-places of various kinds, as well
as to the prevention of the deleterious escape of the products of com-
bustion into the apartment to be heated. According to one form of gas
fire-place as used for dwelling houses the apparatus resembles a com-
mon register fire-grate, with the essential difference that it may stand
independantly and quite isolated from the wall. The gas burner is of
the form technically called " lobster back," and is placed in the position
occupied by the fuel in a common grate, the gas jets of flame being
strewed over with disintegrated asbestos, on which the flame plays. The
heat from the gas flame radiates against the inclined surfaces of the

page_text: back and sides of the grate, so as to heat a large body of air contained
within sheet spaces surrounding the fire-place and forming part of the
arrangement; and fresh air from the external atmosphere is constantly
supplied by a hole at the base of such spaces on each side of the grate.
The two currents pass up to the top of the fire-place, and then descend
over a division on each side. This brings the two currents together into
a central space in front and directly over the flame, and being heated
in its passage the air is finally discharged into the room through an
ornamental passage in the grate front. This system affords a constant
supply of pure heated air to the room, whilst the deleterious fumes and
escape gases of combustion are carried directly away from the fire by
an aperture opening from the back of the flame into the chimney or the
external atmosphere. By this means all the available heat is fully
economised and directed into the apartment, whilst a very small passage
suffices to carry off the objectionable current into the external air
without any appreciable loss of heat. Heat so obtained may be used
for a variety of purposes. When not used for heating the room it may
be rendered available for cooking or drying.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DRIVING BANDS FOR MACHINERY
Year: 1852

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Paton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 6th December 1852.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within
the time prescribed by the Act.)
I, WILLIAM PATON, of Johnstone, in the County of Renfrew,
North Britain, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DRIVING
BANDS FOR MACHINERY" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of a substitute for the
common leather, gutta percha, or other bands at present in use, by
sewing or otherwise attaching together a series or row of cotton
bands so as to form a flat driving band like the flat ropes used in
nining. Various kinds of banding or cordage may be used as the
nucleus from which to make the bands, but the common spindle
and drum banding used in cotton mills is to be preferred, from its
cheapness and efficient driving action. The round strands, when
fastened together side by side, are rolled flat, so as to produce a
finished band of a section similar to an ordinary band of leather.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SPIKES OR METAL PINS
Year: 1852

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th October 1852.-A communication.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, WILLIAM JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Civil Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF SPIKES OR METAL PINS " to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of spikes and other
metal pins or connecting pieces from metal rods, the articles being
finished in one machine, with one end pointed or sharpened, and
the other formed into a head by turning or bending over a piece
of the whole thickness of the rod. The rod of metal, properly heated,
is introduced between a pair of cutting and shaping rollers, each of
which has four hard steel cutting and shaping dies projecting from its
periphery, the pair of rollers being so geared together that the four pairs
of dies shall work in concert. The projecting portions of these dies are
triangular, or nearly so, in section, and the rollers in which they are set
have an intermittent rotatory motion, and as the rod is passed in between

page_text: them it is drawn forward so as to pass its front end intended for the
spike head into a horizontal channel in a "heading" plate, by which
time a pair of the dies will have come into contact, severing the required
length of the rod. This severance also sharpens the end of the piece
cut off, and an additional inclined lip on the upper die at the same time
forms a slope or incline on the end of the rod whence the piece has just
been cut. In this position the rollers are stopped, and a crank action
comes into operation to traverse a heading piece downwards, and
against the head end of the severed portion, and bend the end at
right angles to one side over the edge of the heading plate to
form a hook head. This completes the rivet, and the rollers make
another portion of a turn for the repetition of the process. In deliver-
ing the spike from the die an arrangement is made for the preven-
tion of accidents by the presence of both a blank and a spike in the die
at the same time. This is done by raising up the end of the spike in
the die after the heading operation, so that the next blank will be
drawn underneath it to tilt it out of the die. For this purpose a
vertical tilting rod works up from below, and the blanks are drawn
forward by a set of moveable nippers, the blank cach time being passed
beneath the headed spike for the tilting action.
OBTAINING USEFUL PRODUCTS FROM SEWERS
Year: 1852

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Stephens Brown
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 2nd October 1852.
I, DAVID STEPHENS BROWN, of No. 2, Alexandrian Lodge, Old Kent
Road, in the County of Surry, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "OBTAINING USEFUL PRODUCTS FROM SEWERS"
to be as follows, namely:-
Drawing the foul air that exists in town sewers, and which con-
tains a considerable portion of ammonia, into a chamber by means
of a fan blower or other instrument. Into which chamber is also
introduced some carbonic or other acid, and which acid, by being thus
brought in contact with the ammonia, will unite with it and form a
salt of some description, according to the nature of the acid, and which
salt may be removed from time to time from the chamber as it
accumulates.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF TILLING LAND
Year: 1852

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Chrippes at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 16th November 1852.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within
the time prescribed by the Act.)
THOMAS CHRIPPES the younger, of Petworth, in the County of
Sussex, Auctioneer and Land Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF TILLING
LAND" to be as follows, viz. :-
My Invention consists in or has reference to Improvements in
the Means of Tilling_Land, as regards the various operations of
ploughing or digging up, harrowing, and preparing the land for
the seed, manuring and sowing the land, and reaping the crop.
The improvements in the means of effecting the above consist
in constructing or placing a steam or power engine upon a frame
mounted upon wheels or rollers, which should be of larger area
than the engine, to enable it to travel with facility over ploughed
fields, &c. Within this frame there is a drum for coiling up the
wire-rope or connector of the plough, harrow, &c.; and such drum
may be situate at such a height as shall enable the rope to clear
banks, hedges, or obstructions.

page_text: The plough, harrow, &c., being thus connected to the drum
aforesaid, will, by the movement of the rope or connector, be caused
to operate in the required manner.
For sowing, or for manuring with dry manures, I attach to the
frame of the engine a wire frame or sieve, working on guides,
and attached at one end to the engine or its frame, and at the
other to moveable legs or supports, the sieve being moved by the
engine, and thus caused to scatter the seed or manure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WIND-GUARDS AND CHIMNEY- TOPS
Year: 1852

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hayward West at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 4th October 1852.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, WILLIAM HAYWARD WEST, of Blenheim Street, Oxford Street,
in the County of Middlesex, Ironmonger, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WIND-GUARDS AND CHIMNEY-
TOPS" to be as follows:-
The chimney-top or wind-guard consists of an inner pipe, which is
perforated with holes, surrounded by an outer pipe or casing open at
both ends. The smoke or air passes out at the holes and at the end of
the perforated pipe, while the external air has access to the outer pipe.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COMPOSITION OF PAINTS
Year: 1852

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christopher Binks at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 23rd December 1852.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within
the time prescribed by the Act.)
I, CHRISTOPHER BINKS, of Stratford, in the County of Essex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE COMPOSITION OF PAINTS" to be as follows:-
Firstly, I form, in the first place, what are called and are well
known as insoluble soaps; that is, combinations of certain earthy and
metallic oxides with oils or fatty matters; which combinations having
a general composition chemically analogous to common soaps, but
being insoluble in water, are hence called insoluble soaps, in contra-
distinction to the compounds or soaps that result from the union of
fatty matters with oxides of the alkalies.
These (so called) insoluble soaps I dissolve in spirits of turpentine,
or in naptha or other volatile solvent, and employ the resulting
solutions as substitutes for linseed or other drying oil, in the ma-
nufacture of paints.
Any pigment (as for example white lead, oxide of zinc, lamp
black, or any other,) I grind in a solution (in turpentine or other

page_text: volatile solvent) of the insoluble soap; and the resulting mixture or
paint so produced, on being used as paint in the usual manner, has
the property of drying with great rapidity, and of forming in all
respects, as in colour, body, compactness, durability, and other
essential properties, excellent and superior compositions as paints.
Secondly, my Invention consists in adding ready-formed glycerine
to ordinary paints, or in the use and application of glycerine as part
of the composition of paints. To paints composed of usual materials,
as, for example, of some pigment ground in linseed oil, I add glycerine,
in order to thin or prepare the paint for use, and to act as a substitute
for linseed or other oil, or for turpentine, &c., commonly employed
to thin paints for use; or I grind the pigment in glycerine, or in a
mixture of drying oil and glycerine, and thin the paint so produced
with glycerine, for use, or with.a mixture of glycerine and some
drying oil. The advantages of this application of glycerine lic
chiefly in its being inodorous, in its cheapness (being at present a
waste product of processes used for saponifying fatty matters),. and
in its property of giving a fine gloss to any paint it is added to.
I claim as my Invention the use and application of solutions in
turpentine, naptha, or other volatile solvent, of (so called) insoluble
soaps, as the vehicles for pigments in the preparation and use of
paints, or as substitutes for drying oils, turpentine, &c., commonly
entering into the composition of paints.
And I claim the using of ready formed glycerine in the preparing
of paints, or the adding of glycerine to ordinary paints, in order to
thin or prepare them for use, or to act as a substitute for the oil or
turpentine commonly employed to thin or prepare paints for use.
AN IMPROVED PLASTER SPATULA
Year: 1852

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Stocken at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st October 1852.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, JAMES STOCKEN, of Baldock, in the County of Hertford, Pharma-
ceutical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED PLASTER SPATULA" to be as follows, viz. :-
My Invention consists in, or has reference to, the construction of an
Improved Spatula, or instrument to be used for spreading cataplasms
or plasters, and similar purposes, which construction enables the supply
of heat to such cataplasms, &c. to be regulated.
This improved spatula consists of a suitable box or case, which forms
the body of the said spatula, to which is attached a hollow tube con-
necting the same with the handle.
This tube contains mechanism for the purpose of raising or depressing
the heater contained in the body of the spatula, thereby regulating the
supply of heat to the bottom of the said spatula.

page_text: It is not indispensable that the aforesaid arrangements for raising
and depressing the heater should be strictly adhered to, as any other
arrangements that will effect this will answer my purpose.
A TRAVELLER'S MONITOR, OR TICKET AND PARCEL PROTECTOR
Year: 1852

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Kibble at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
December 1852.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, HENRY KIBBLE, of Guilford, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A TRAVELLER'S
MONITOR, OR TICKET AND PARCEL PROTECTOR," to be as follows:-
A double casing is made to a hunting watch, having a pendant
through which the chain or ribbon (used to suspend the monitor
as a watch) is passed. The interior face of the dial is numbered,
similar to a watch, but with any number of figures from 1, up-
wards. The exterior or surface has an elastic spring passing over
its centre, attached at one end, but capable of being opened, if
required, to renew the spring or otherwise. Through, or rather
under, this spring is passed the railway ticket, securing the same
between the spring and the back of the monitor. There is also a
circular hole in this outer case, through which is seen, on removing
the ticket, the number, which has been set by the traveller of his
parcels or luggage. The work in the interior consists simply of a
cog wheel, slide, and ring. On turning the former, either by means

page_text: of a watch key, or small plate, as may be preferred, the slide which
is attached to the ring supporting the numbers is moved, and the
traveller looking through the hole in the outer case (before men-
tioned) sets the number of his packages; so that when the railway
ticket is withdrawn, the number at once attracts his attention, and
he checks off his parcels, &c., until they tally with said number.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF STIRRUP
Year: 1852

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Mackay at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th December 1852.-A communication.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, GEORGE MACKAY, of Buckingham Street, Strand, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF STIRRUP" to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is, in case of a rider being thrown
from his horse, to prevent the possibility of his being dragged along
the ground by reason of one of his feet being retained in the stirrup
iron.
Instead of forming the stirrup iron of a link or loop, as at present,
I construct it with a boss or upturned edge on the outer side (in
lieu of the continuous side), to prevent the foot of the rider from
slipping off laterally, but offering no obstacle to the disengagement
of the foot in case of an accident occurring. This boss I prefer to
make hollow, and to fit it with a roller to which the stirrup-strap
is attached, and round which it may be wound. On the axle of this
roller I fit a ratchet wheel, and cause a pawle, attached to the

page_text: stirrup, to take into the teeth of the ratchet wheel, and prevent the
strap from winding off, except when such is required for the pur-
pose of lengthening the strap to suit the rider. The strap passes
from the roller enclosed in the boss of the stirrup, along a groove
made to receive it in the stirrup step, and up the side of the stirrup,
thence through a slot formed in the upper end of the stirrup, and
so to the stirrup bar of the saddle.
It will be understood that the mode described of adjusting the
length of the stirrup will not be always required. I propose-there-
forc in some cases to make the improved stirrup without the hollow
boss and take-up apparatus, but with an upturned end as a lateral
guard for the foot of the-rider.-
Applying Retorts in Gas or other Ovens to a Process of Improving Iron and Converting Iron into Steel.
Year: 1852

page_text: Applying Retorts in Gas or other Ovens to a
Process of Improving Iron and Converting
Iron into Steel.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Walker Stephens
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 13th October 1852.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, WILLIAM WALKER STEPHENS, of Logie Green, Canonmills, Edin-
burgh, in the County of Edinburgh, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "THE APPLICATION OF RETORTS IN GAS OVENS OR OTHER
OVENS TO A PROCESS OF IMPROVING IRON AND CONVERTING IRON INTO STEEL"
to be as follows, viz. :-
By placing the iron within the retorts, and subjecting it, while at a
strong heat and excluded from the air, to combination with certain
chemical substances for certain lengths of time, according to the
certain quality of manufacture desired.
In the case of gas retorts it is intended to use in this process those
retorts which are at the time unemployed in the making of gas; and

page_text: the merit of the Invention thus principally consists in the advantage of
employing to purposes of great public utility machinery that would
otherwise be quite unproductive.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAIN- ING MOTIVE POWER."
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Wickens, of Carlton Chambers, Regent
Street, in the City of Westminster, Gentleman, for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAIN-
ING MOTIVE POWER."
6 months.
Dated 31st July 1852.
A SURFACE AND SUBAQUEOUS FLOATING BREAKWATER
Year: 1852

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Eade at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd November 1852.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within
the time prescribed by the Act.)
I, GEORGE EADE, of No. 33, Stanhope Street, Hampstead Road,
Agent to Andrew Thorndike, of Castel, Germany, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "A SURFACE AND SUBAQUEOUS
FLOATING BREAKWATER" to be as follows:-
It is composed of buoys, some floating on the surface, others
below the surface, of the water, so arranged & held together as to
have the effect of a reef, to the leeward of which vessels may ride
at anchor in safety.
Some of these surface bouys are held by chains to anchors; and,
attached to these anchor chains, at three to seven feet below the
surface buoys, are subaqueous bouys. The surface buoys are at-
tached to each other by chains, and to the subaqueous bouys dia-
gonally, as shewn in the Drawing.
Halfway between the anchor surface buoys are attached other
surface bouys, with chains descending from them to the crossings of

page_text: the diagonal chains, at which point they are secured; and here sub-
aqueous bouys may be placed.
Any number of bouys, floating or subaqueous, may be employed
as judged proper.
The anchors should be placed so far apart as to prevent the pos-
sibility of the bouys becoming entangled.
A breakwater may be of one or more lines of bouys, as above,
parallel or diverging, taking care that they be anchor'd so far
apart that the bouys of different lines cannot come in contact.
The buoys may be of any size or shape preferred; and the sub- 1
aqueous bouys might be loaded, to a certain amount, with advantage
to their efficacy.
CLAIM.
The forming of a floating breakwater by means of bouys floating
on the surface, connected with bouys floating beneath the surface, of 1
the water, as shewn by the annexed Drawing.
The cause of failure in floating breakwaters has been the too
large surface exposed to the culminating wave.
avoided; and the wave broken at or near its basc.
This is now
The annexed Drawing shows the appearance of a section of one 2
line of breakwater, ninety feet long; anchors forty-five feet apart;
supposed depth of water forty-two feet; bouys 6 feet by 4 feet,
except at the crossings, where they are of a less diameter.
N.B. A lower horizontal line might be adopted, if deemed
proper, with surface bouys and subaqueous bouys attached, and 2
connected by chains. Finally, the object being to make a smooth
sea, as many different bouys as might be deemed useful could be
employed.
This lower horizontal line is designated by dots.
A UNIVERSAL RATCHET DRILL
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Francis Alton Calvert, of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of "A
UNIVERSAL RATCHET DRILL." -A communication.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Francis Alton Calvert
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
and Declaration, on the 28th December 1852, pursuant to the
9th Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
FRANCIS ALTON CALVERT, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "A
UNIVERSAL RATCHET DRILL," and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof (that is to say):
Figure 1, of the annexed Drawing, represents a sectional elevation
of my univeral ratchet drill. Figure 2, is a plan view, and Figure 3,
a front elevation, of the same. The Drawings are made to the scale
of six inches to one foot. A, is the handle by which the drill B,
fitting in the spindle C, is put in motion. The handle is forked near

page_text: the spindle, as shewn in Figure 2, and it is furnished with two
recesses for the spring catches D, which take into the ratchet teeth
formed on the circumference of the bevil pinions E; these pinions
are loose on the studs F, which are screwed into the block G (or fit
on bosses projecting from the block G), and serve as fulcrums for the
handle A. The spindle C, fits loosely in the block G, and to it is
fixed the pinion C¹ geering into both the pinions E. The upper part
of the spindle forms a screw on which is screwed the socket H.
The angle of the teeth of the ratchet wheels and of the catches D,
are in opposite directions, consequently rotary motion is imparted
to the drill, when the handle is being moved upwards, downwards,
laterally or diagonally; by this means a considerable saving in time
is effected, and in drilling a hole the handle may be at almost any
angle with respect to the drill.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I would have it under-
stood that I do not limit myself to the precise form or arrange-
ment above set forth; but what I claim is, the universal ratchet
drill herein-before shewn and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Francis Alton Calvert, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of
December, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING METALLIC COPPER FROM ITS SOLUTIONS FORMED BY NATURE, AND IN THE VARIOUS PROCESSES OF PURIFYING CUPREOUS ORES BY MEANS OF WATER
Year: 1852

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Griffin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th December 1852.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, CHARLES GRIFFIN, of Number Five, Sydney Terrace, in the Parish
of Milverton, in the County of Warwick, Gentleman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING
METALLIC COPPER FROM ITS SOLUTIONS FORMED BY NATURE, AND IN THE
VARIOUS PROCESSES OF PURIFYING CUPREOUS ORES BY MEANS OF WATER,"
to be as follows: -
This Invention consists in the application of an electrical current
to obtaining metallic copper, by depositing it on metallic or other
surfaces, from its solutions formed by nature, or in the various
processes of purifying cupreous ores by washing them with water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER WHEN AIR AND STEAM ARE USED CONJOINTLY
Year: 1852

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Houston at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 5th October 1852.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, JOHN HOUSTON, of No. 45, Nelson Square, in the Borough of
Southwark, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention. for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE
POWER WHEN AIR AND STEAM ARE USED CONJOINTLY" to be as follows:-
The Invention consists, firstly, in the withdrawal of compressed air
and steam from a cylinder in which they have been conjointly used
for the obtaining of motive power by means of a partial vacuum pre-
pared in a peculiarly constructed vessel having several compartments;
secondly, in the condensation of the whole or part of the steam by the
action of the compressed air when allowed to expand in such vessel;
thirdly, in a rotary motion applied to the vessel or condenser, by which
motion each compartment is enabled to be alternately charged and
exhausted; and, lastly, in the combination of a spring valve with the

page_text: pump or pumps by which the air is compressed before mixing with the
steam, so that the same operation which causes the compression of the
air may also enable the whole or a portion of the supply of such air to
be obtained either from the condenser or from any other vessel in
which it is desired to create a vacuum.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR ROVING OR PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES FOR SPINNING to be as
Year: 1852

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Martin Watts at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
..the 4th October:1852.
E, MARTIN WATTS, of Patricroft, near Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Cotton Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR ROVING OR PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES FOR
SPINNING to be as follows::
The said improvements apply particularly to the preparation machine
known as the "roving" or "jack" frame. The object of the said
improvements is to dispense entirely with the use of "slubbing frames,"
and to produce a much more even and uniform yarn or thread than
heretofore. The nature of the said improvements consists in a peculiar
construction of roving frame whereby the slivers as they are brought
from the "drawing" frame are reduced or "drawn," afterwards doubled
and reduced, or drawn again, and finally twisted and wound on to the
bobbin in the form of a "roving," the whole operation being completed
in one machine. The improved construction or arrangement of
machinery whereby this object is effected will be readily understood by

page_text: referring to the accompanying sketch, in which a, a, represents the cans
in which the slivers are brought direct from the ordinary drawing
frame"; b, b, is the "roller beam" supporting the first set of drawing
rollers c, c, and the second set of drawing rollers d, d; and e, e,
is the ordinary roving spindle and flyer. The slivers s, s, are doubled
between the first and second sets of drawing rollers, and the spindles and
flyers are all placed in one row in order to allow all the rovings the
same length for twisting between the second set of drawing rollers and
the spindles, and thus produce more uniform rovings than heretofore.
The advantages arising from the use of the said improvements are,
first, the saving of the entire cost and wear and tear of the slubbing
machines, and also of all the labor of attending to the same; secondly,
a saving of 20 per cent, or thereabouts, in the labor required for roving,
as the supply of the material for the above described double beam roving
frame will be required but once a week instead of once a day, as at
present; thirdly, only half the quantity of "piecings" (or joinings)
and "single" (or unequally doubled rovings) will be made, and a much
more uniform thread will be produced, in consequence of the drawing
being more even and not stretched in the operation of slubbing; and,
fourthly, a saving of about 20 per cent. in oil, "waste," and power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING PEAT AND OTHER CARBONACEOUS MATTERS
Year: 1852

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Evans at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
October 1852.
I, GEORGE EVANS, of Mary-le-bone, in the County of Middlesex.
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING PEAT AND OTHER CARBONACEOUS MATTERS "
to be as follows:-
First, in the preparation of a fuel from turf or peat and charcoal in
combination with lime.
Secondly, in the combining of charcoal with coal tar, the fatty matter
from peat, or a mixture of both, with or without lime, suitable for the
production of gas.
Thirdly, in the mode of facilitating the consolidation and compression
of recently cut peat.
And, fourthly, in a peculiar construction of oven or oven retort for
drying, carbonizing, or coking peat and other substances, and obtaining
therefrom the chemical products liberated during the process.
In preparing the fuel first named I take recently cut peat abounding
in water, seldom under 75 (say seventy-five) per cent., and to about

page_text: twelve parts thereof I add one part of caustic anhydrous lime, and one
part of peat wood or other charcoal, and mix them intimately. The
mass being then allowed to stand a sufficient time for the water in the
peat to slake, the lime is ready to be conveyed to a pug mill, wherein
the peat, lime, and charcoal become more intimately incorporated,
affording a cement like, compact, homogeneous substance, which may be
readily moulded and compressed into any required form.
In the second part of my Invention I take peat charcoal, or any
other charcoal, and mix it with coal tar or the pyrogenous fatty matter
left from the distillation of peat, cither singly or combined, to which I
sometimes add lime, in varying proportions, until a dry or nearly dry
compound is produced. This preparation I recommend principally for
use in the gas retorts usually employed in the manufacture of coal gas.
The residium of such distillation may be re-used for repeated operations
by the renewed addition of lime only along with coal tar, the quantity
of carbon being increased rather than diminished by each successive
distillation.
My third process consists in collecting the dry disintegrated matter
called "mull or mulluck," abounding at all periods of the year on the
surface and in the ruts and ditches of most peat moors, which I mix
with the wet fresh raised peat, occasionally adding lime or charcoal,
seperately or in combination, thereby materially facilitating the pro-
duction of a fuel requiring less artificial drying than ordinarily.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PAPER STAINING
Year: 1852

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Page at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
October 1852.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, HENRY PAGE, of Whitechapel Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Paper Stainer, lo hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PAPER STAINING" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in apparatus for applying colors on to the
sieve preparatory to their being taken up by the block. By the present
mode the several colors are placed in separate pots, a boy dips a brush
into the pots and patches the sieve. Now I construct an apparatus suited
to the pattern to be produced, divided into compartments and filled with
the colors required; I press this apparatus on the sieve where it deposits
sufficient color in patches to be taken up by the block.