IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING METALS
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edmund Morewood, of Enfield, in the County of
Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING METALS."
Sealed the 28th May 1861, and dated the 5th December 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edmund Morewood at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th December 1860..
1, EDMUND MOREWOOD, of Enfield, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING
METALS," to be as follows:-
One part of my Invention consists in having a fence or floor of iron or other
suitable material between the lower part of the front outside rollers of a
machine for coating with molten metal by means of rollers, as described in the
Specification of my Patent of the 4th April 1859, (No. 846,) and the flux
on the surface of the melted metal, such fence or floor having a suitable
narrow.opening in it through which the piates to be coated pass from such
outside front rollers into the melted metal.
Another part of my.Invention consists in causing sheets, plates, or suitable
pieces of iron or copper, either as the same comes to or is undergoing the
process of coating with other metal to pass through, between, or against brushes
or rubbers inade of wire or other suitable material to brush, or sweep, or thin
the coating metal, and when used at the end where the plates are introduced,
Price 3.1

page_text: then such brushes or rubbers remove any matter on the surface of the sheets,
. plates, or pieces of metal. These brushes or rubbers may be fixed, or they
may be arranged to have motion applied thereto. This process of wiping or
rubbing may be preparatory to,or whilst passing such sheets,plates, or pieces
through between rollers or into flux, or through between rollers, which are
used in a bath of flux, and also as a final operation for brushing, rubbing, or
thinning the surface of the sheets, plates, or pieces after they have been passed
through the coating metal.
".
And in addition to such brushes or rubbing surfaces, and in order to their
better action, guides are used, between which the plates, sheets, or pieces are
caused to pass,and they are so set and applied as to cause the sheets, plates,
or pieces to be bent out of their direct course, and thus theyare caused to come
more forcibly against the brushing or rubbing surfaces before mentioned, as
the sheets, plates, or pieces of metal are passing into, or through, or from the
flux. Sometimes I pass the sheets or plates whilst the coating metal is soft
or fluid between rollers cloathed with wire or with hemp, or other yielding
matter which will not burn or be destroyed rapidly at the melting point of the
coating metal, in order to thin the coating metal on sheets of iron which may
not be level or flat.
Another part of my Invention cousists in so arranging the rollers working
in contact with the flux, that the sheet, plate, or pièce to be coated shall be
near the surface of the flux when it makes its exit from the rollers, or the last
pair of rollers, and thus avoid, as far as possible, the running of the coating
metal on the surface of the plate to the last edge,after it has left the pinch of
the rollers. Further I sometimes use a pot of tallow or grease, or other flux
for receiving the plates as they are taken out of the tinning or first coating pot,
instead of putting them into what is technically termed a "wash pot," which
wash pot I omit entirely, and then taking them from such flux pot I pass the
sheets,plates,or pieces between rollers or rollers working in contact with flux,or
I cause them to pass through, between, or against brushes or rubbing surfaces
for thinning, brushing, or rubbing the surface, and then between heated
rollers, or rollers working in contact with flux. I prefer that such flux pot
should have a rack or grating on which the plates may rest when put into it,
so that there may be a space in the pot below the plates into which the tin or
alloy of tin may drain from them. In some cases 1 omit the said tallow or
other flux pot, and transfer the sheets direct from the said tinning pot to the
heated rollers. Or the sheets or plates to be coated may be deposited in such
pan or bath of flux preparatory to their being passed through rollers to obtain
a coating of molten metal in order that they may by being in such flux be in

page_text: a more fit state for taking the coated metal. than if transferred in the usual
way to the molten metal without the intervention of this bath of flux.
Another part of my Invention consists in the use of a roller or rollers
working in flux, in combination with rollers working in the melted coating
metal, in order that the sheets or plates of metal as they come from the roller
ar rollers in the melted coating metal may be acted on by the roller or rollers
in the flux, and the Invention also consists in combining brushes or rubbers:
with rollers used in the flux.
Another part of my Invention consists in employing fluted, or corrugated, or
undulated rollers in the process of coating sheet metal in order that the sheets,
or plates may be thereby impressed in the process of coating such sheets or
plates with metal.
Another part of my Invention consists in using pegs or bars, or barriers of
wood, or suitable material, in the acid cleaning tank in which the sheet metal
is cleaned, preparatory to being coated with other metal so as to separate the
sheets of metal whilst being cleaned therein, and thus enable the cleaning acid
to act more effectively on a number of sheets at the same time. And in place
of allowing the vapours from the acid bath to escape freely as heretofore, I
cover the same over, and I cause the acid vapour to be conducted into a tank
or receiver.
Another part of my Invention consists in using hollow rollers to receiveand
deliver the sheets or plates as they emerge from the melted metal, or from the
flux so as to admit of a current of cold water to pass into and through them
in order to keep them cooler than they otherwise would be, by which they are
prevented becoming more or less clogged with the coating metal. With the
same object I sometimes cover the surface of the withdrawing rollers with
tallow or other matter which will prevent the coating metal from adhering to
such rollers although they may be heated.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Edmund Morewood in the Great Seal Patent Office, on
the 5th June 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDMUND
MOREWOOD, of Enfield, in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the

page_text: said Edmund Morewood, Her special licence, that 1, the said Edmund
Morewood, my executors, administrators, and assigus, or such others as
I, the said Edmund Morewood, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING METALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Edmund Morewood, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edmund Morewood, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
He performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
When coating sheets or suitable prices of iron or copper by introducing
them between rollers placed above the flux which floats on the surface of the
melted metal such rollers are sometimes apt to get more or less dirt or flux
upon them.
In order, therefore, to interpose a barrier to the flux spurting or rising up
to or upon such front outside rollers I use a fence or floor of sheet or plate
iron, and having a suitable narrow opening in it, through which the plates to
be coated may pass from such outside front rollers into the melted metal, and
I place it in an horizontal position between the flux on the surface of the
melted metal and the bottom of the front outside rollers.
I prefer to set it just below the bottom of the front outside rollers.
In coating sheets or suitable pieces of iron or copper with molten metal,
the iron or copper sometimes emerges from the bath of melted metal with a
thicker or heavier, or more unequal coating than I desire. In order, therefore,
to remedy this I cause such sheets or suitable pieces of iron or copper to pass
through between or against brushes or rubbers made of iron wire, or other
material suitable for brushing or sweeping, or thinning the coating metal;
and when used at the side where the plates are introduced then such brushes
or rubbers assist in removing oxide or other matter on the surface of the
sheets which may interfere with or hinder the sheets from taking the coating
as readily or as well as is desirable.

page_text: In order to accomplish this I prefer to proceed as follows:-When
such brushes or rubbers are used preparatory to passing the sheets of
suitable pieces of iron or copper into the melted metal for the purpose of
giving a coating I prefer to fasten a brush of very thin iron wire, say about
28 or 30 gauge to a bar, or roller, or piece of iron, or other suitable material,
of a length corresponding with the width if I propose to coat sheets or plates
by means of rollers working in the melted coating metal, or the length if I
propose to coat by dipping, or of such other size as may be most suitable to
the piece of metal to be coated; and I attach such bar to upright rods rising
from the side of the bath or pan in such a way that the brush stretches
lengthways and horizontally along the bath about 4 to 6 inches above the
melted metal. If coating sheets, and especially thin and pliant ones, bypassing
them from between the introducing rollers to or against the brushes, it is
desirable to have as short a space as conveniently may be between the rollers
which give the travelling force and the brushes or rubbers to or against which
they are propelled by such rollers; in this case I use a brush of still finer wire,
say 34 or 36 gauge. I also have another wire brush and bar stretching
parallel to the one just described, but an inch or two nearer to the surface of the
melted metal. This other bar or brush I attach by rods or suitable fastening
either to the other side of the bath or to a dividing bar stretching lengthways
across the bath; or I fasten it to one side of what I term the flux box. These
brushes are so set that the wires slope downwards from the bar or the handleof
the brush towards the surface of the melted metal, and the ends of the wires
also slope towards one another, and nearly and in some cases quite meet one
another; as a rule, however, I prefer that one should be an inch or two higher
than the other, and should not quite touch one another, therefore when a sheet
of iron is passed downwards through or between them into the melted metal
its surface receives a brush orsweep preparatory to entering the melted coating
metal. Sometimes I use a brush of this description attached to a bar or
suitable machinery and fixed below the surface of the melted metal. In these
cases I prefer that the sheet of metal to be coated should be guided through
or between the brushes or rubbers by guides as described in my Patent,dated
3rd October 1859, and there used for causing the sheets or plates to travel in
the desired direction from rollers working in melted metal.
When the sheets are passed into or through the melted coating metal by
means of rollers, I prefer to place the brushes or rubbers as near the exit side
of the rollers, through which the sheets travel,as circumstances will allow; the
object of passing the plates or sheets of iron or copper against the brushes or

page_text: be
rubbers before entering the metal or in their passage through the melted
metal is to give the sheet or plate a better chance of being thoroughly and
perfectly coated by brushing or sweeping the surface, or these brushes may
attached to the surface of. rollers and project therefrom, so that as the sheet
passes through or between the rollers either in its passage into or through the
coating metal it gets a rub or sweep of its surface, and in travelling from the
coating metal such brush rollers rub, or sweep, or thin the coating metal
which it has taken up. When I use these brush rollers I prefer to give
them a speed rather greater than that of the sheet or piece of metal which is
travelling between them, and to cause them to travel in the same direction with
the metal being coated. And I prefer that theyshould not bite or press against
one another veryclosely. I also fix such brushes or rubbers in such a position
on the exit side of the molten metal that the surface of the sheet as it passes
out of the coating metal, or afterwards, whilst the surface is still soft or fluid
passing against such brushes or rubbers maybeswept or thinned; I also some-
times cause the sheets or suitable pieces of metal to be coated to pass against,
through, or between such brushes or rubbers so as to brush orwipe the surface
of such sheets or suitable pieces of metal whilst they are travelling into or
through flux. Sometimes I give the brush an horizontal motion; sometimes
I wrap woven wire or other matter, which yields somewhat to pressure, and at
the same time does not burn at the heat of the coating metal when passing
between or against it, round the roller or rollers, rod, or bar, or instrument
through or against which the coated sheets pass into, through, or out of the
coating metal; even flax,hemp,or such like may be used in like manner when
the sheets are passing into, through, or out of flux, or out of melted metal, such
as an alloy consisting of half lead and half tin. Or sometimes I make the
surface of the rollers very slightly indented, say I make lateral indentations to
the depth of about a thirtieth part of an inch round the rollers through which
the sheets pass, after coming out of the coating metal; sometimes I make such
slight indentations longitudinally; and I prefer to give these rollers a greater
speed than that of the sheet passing between them in order that they may, to
some extent, sweep or brush it in its travel. In the same way rollers with an
ordinary surface may be made to act as brushes or rubbers, or sweepers of the
coating metal on the surface of sheets, or plates, or pieces of metal as they leave
the bath of coating metal. But I prefer them with slightly grooved or in-
dented surfaces. And I keep these rollers so far apart as not to injure or
tear the sheets as they might do if the rollers bit the sheet tightly when it was
passing between them. In some cases I place such brushes or rubbers in

page_text: such a position that they sweep the surface of the coated metal after it has
become more or less firin or set. My object in such case is to sweep or clear
off sand, flux, or other foreign matter.
And in this case I prefer to use a pair of revolving brushes travelling in the
same direction with the sheet, but at greater speed than the sheet or piece of
coated metal passing between them, and I place a fence of sheet iron or
suitable material on either side of such brush rollers so that the matter swept
off or removed by the brush rollers may be conveyed in the desired direction.
In order to assist the sheets or pieces of metal which are being coated to con-
tinue in their proper course, and to avoid their being turned aside or stopped
when they come in contact with or against the brushes or rubbers, I use guides
which may be simply bars of iron, or as described in my Patent of 3rd October
1859, for conducting sheets or plates from the rollers in the coating metal.
Or such guide or guides may be a roller or rollers, and I prefer to have them
placed so close below the brush or brushes, or rubber or rubbers, that the
sheet has the guiding force of such roller or rollers strong upon it when it
comes in contact with the brush or brushes, or rubber or rubbers.
When I pass sheets or pieces of metal which have received a coating with
melted metal between rollers working in contact with suitable flux, as oil or
tallow for tin or terne plate, I place the pair of rollers, through or between
which such sheets or pieces of coated metal make their exit from the flux,
close to the surface of the flux. And I prefer that after leaving the nip of
the said pair of rollers through which such sheets or pieces of metal make
their exit from the flux, such sheets or pieces of metal should not have a
travel of more thau one to two inches through the flux so as to avoid as far
as possible the running of the coating metal by the assistance of the flux to
the lower part of such sheet or piece of metal. In coating plates of iron with
tin or terne metal, such plates usually obtain their first coating of melted
metal by immersion in what is termed the tinning pot, and are thence trans-
ferred to what is technically called the wash pot. Instead of this I transfer
such sheets or plates from the tinning pot to a pot of grease or suitable dux
at about or slightly under the melting point of the coating metal, which grease
pot may be arranged either with racks for receiving the sheets singly, or a few
together, or without any division at all. This grease pot I use as a reservoir
or receptacle for the sheets or plates as they are withdrawn from the first
tinning pot. When the rack or grating is in its place in the flux pot, a space
of about 12 inches remains below the bottom of such rack or grating, and the
bottom of the flux pot. Into this space any of the dropping coating metal is

page_text: intended to collect, and withdrawing them from such grease pot, either singly
or several together, I passthem between rollers, or rollers working in contact
with flux, or I cause their coated surfaces to be acted upon by brushes or
rubbers, and then pass them between rollers. If I intend to pass such sheets
or plates between rollers not working in flux, I prefer to withdraw them from
such flux or grease pot with the coating metal on the surface in a melted
state, so that the coated surface may readily yield to the pressure of the rollers
as it passes between them, and make the surface level and even. In such
case I keep the rollers cool, as hereafter described, or sometimes I put a suitable
flux on their surface, as grease, if coating with tin; but if they are to pass
between rollers working in contact with flux I sometimes withdraw them
from such flux or grease pot, which I use as a reservoir or receptacle slightly
.cooler, say, barely fluid, as it is more economical to keep the fluxor grease pot
at a moderate heat, and I keep the pot containing the rollers or roller working
in contact with flux, and the flux in which they work, at such temperature
that the coating may be sufficiently thinned and levelled in passing between
them.
Sometimes in order to make the surface of the coating metal (which has
been wiped or rubbed by stationary or revolving brushes or rubbers) smooth
and even, I immediately transfer such sheets or pieces of metal when coated
with tin, or an alloy of tin and lead, into a rack or grating, as is well under-
stood, and subject them to the action of a suitable flux heated to about the
melting point of the coating metal, by immersing them in such flux whilst in
the before-mentioned rack or grating. Such rack or grating may either be
stationary in the flux, or lowered into it, or raised from it as desired. In
some cases I omit the said tallow or grease pot, and transfer the sheets from
the said tinning or first coating pot to the heated rollers, or to the rollers
working in flux. In such case I sometimes give their coated surface of soft
or fluid metal a sweep by hand with a hempen brush, or I cause it to pass
against a stationary or revolving brush as described. Sometimes I use such
a pan or bath, or pot of grease or other flux, as a receptacle for sheets of
iron previously cleaned, or cleaned and then tinned by solution in order to
make them coat more readily on being passed through rollers working in
contact with melted metal. In such case 1 use no tinning pot, but pass the
sheets directly from this flux or grease bath into the rollers working in
melted metal.
Another part of my Invention consists in the use of a roller or rollers
working in flux in combination or connection with rollers working in the

page_text: melted coating metal. In such case I prefer to set the vessel containing the
rollers working in flux just behind the bath or pot containing the rollers
working in the melted metal. And I use fixed iron guide rods so placed as
to cause the sheets as they rise out from between the rollers in the bath of
coating metal to pass on in the desired line of travel until they reach the
roller or rollers in the flux by any suitable arrangement. I prefer causing the
sheets or pieces of metal to be coated to pass between or against brushes or
rubbers in their travel between the rollers in the coating metal, and the
rollers in the flux pot.
Sometimes I make a roller or a pair of rollers act the part of a guide or
guides by placing them in such a position between the rollers in the coating
metal and the rollers in the flux, that the sheet, or part of the sheet or piece
of metal after leaving the rollers in the coating metal, falling or coming
against or between such intermediate rollers, may be deflected or caused to
travel in such direction that they proceed to pass between the rollers in the
flux.
Sometimes I cause the sheets or pieces of iron or copper which have been
coated by means of rollers working in contact with melted metal, and have
had their surface coating of metal brushed or thinned by means of suitable
brushes or rubbers to pass after such thinning or brushing between rollers
working in a suitable flux, such as oil or tallow, in the case of plates or
sheets coated with tin, or with alloys of tin and lead; and I keep such flux at
about the melting point of the coating metal, and in this case I sometimes
perform the brushing by hand. With the same object also I sometimes
cause such sheets or pieces of metal, after their surface has been brushed or
thinned as before described, to pass through or between iron rollers before
the coating metal has become firm and hard. Such rollers I prefer to be
covered with grease or tallow.
Another part of my Invention consists in employing fluted or corrugated or
undulated rollers. When I desire to give additional strength to a sheet or
plate, as it emerges from the melted metal to enable it more easily to make its
way against or through the brushes or rubbers, as before described, I make
grooves or flutes in the rollers, between which the sheet or plate travels before
it has to pass against or through or between such brushes or rubbers. I prefer
to make such grooves in the rollers about the eighth of an inch in depth, and
a quarter to half an inch in width,and about two to three inches apart. The
sheet or plate after thus passing between these fluted or grooved rollers leaves
them with corresponding corrugations or undulations upon its surface. Some-
times my object is to deliver the coated metal impressed or corrugated as it is

page_text: withdrawn from the process of coating. The withdrawing or after rollers
which are out of the metal may either be fluted so as to retain or alter the
corrugation already formed on the sheet, or they may be plain and without
grooves, so as to take it out again. Or, in some cases, I make such with-
drawing rollers the first which are fluted, corrugated, or grooved, so as to
deliver the sheet correspondingly impressed.
In cleaning sheets or plates of iron or copper with acid I prefer, in place of
leaving the top of the acid cleaning tank open, to have it covered with a lid
of wood or other suitable material with narrow slits, through each of which a
sheet may be introduced into the acid. Inside the tank are pegs, or bars, or
barriers, which I prefer to make of wood. These pegs or barriers are fixed
into the bottom and stand up, so that when a sheet is introduced through the
slit or narrow opening in the lid it falls into a space formed by these pegs or
barriers, and is supported on either side by them. I prefer that these pegs or
barriers should reach from the floor of the tank up to the lid. In the lid, or at
the upper side of the tank, is a small aperture or several apertures sufficient to
enable the workmen to introduce a pair or pairs of tongs, or iron with a hook
or hooks, or suitable instrument or instruments for raising the sheets to and
so far through the slit or opening in the lid that the sheet or piece of metal
can be withdrawn from the outside when he thinks they have remained suffi-
ciently long in the acid tank; and instead of allowing the acid vapours from
the acid bath to escape freely, as heretofore, I conduct them to another
chamber or receptacle by means of a pipe, which I prefer to be of lead, and
which enters the upper part of the acid tank, and at its other end connects
with another bath or chamber of lead, or suitable material for receiving such
acid vapour, so as to convey the acid vapour into this other bath or chamber.
When the sheets emerging from the coating molten metal succeed each other
rapidly, they are apt to heat the outside or withdrawing rollers more than is
desirable, unless such outside or withdrawing rollers are at a greater distance
from the bath of molten metal than is always convenient. The consequence
of such heating of the rollers is, that the coating metal is apt to cling more or
less to them; and, again, if they are covered with any substance liable to be
destroyed by heat, it perishes sooner than if they are kept cooler. In order,
therefore, to assist in keeping such outside rollers through which the sheets or
plates pass after leaving the coating metal cooler than they otherwise would
be, I make them hollow, so as to admit of a current of cold water, which I
cause to run into and through them. Sometimes, in order to avoid the clinging
of the coating metal to such rollers, and to assist in improving the surface, I
anoint or rub them over with grease, oil, or some fatty matter..

page_text: What I claim is, first, the use of a fence or flooring, as described, to preven
the flux on the surface of the melted metal on the entrance side spurting up
against the outside front rollers, as described.
Secondly, the use of brushes or rubbers (either fixed or having mechanical
motion communicated to them) as herein described, which I prefer to make of
iron wire. I also claim the passing of sheets or plates of iron or copper
having received a coating with molten metal, which is still soft orfluid, to pass
against or between a roller or rollers having wire or hemp, or some other
material which will yield somewhat to pressure, but will not burn at the heat
of the coating metal when passing, so as to wipe or thin the surface coating
metal on the sheets. I also claim to cause the sheets or suitable pieces of metal
to pass between brushes or sweeping rollers or instruments, as described, as
such sheets or pieces of metal are being withdrawn from the coating metal,
and after the coating metal has become set on their surface.
Thirdly, I claim the use of guides in connection with the brushes or
rubbers, as described, so as to cause the sheets to travel in such direction as
will enable the brushes or rubbers to act with good effect, and assist the sheets
in passing the brushes.
Fourthly, I claim the arranging of the rollers working in flux, so that
the sheet, plate, or pieces of metal to be coated shall be near the surface
of the flux when such pieces of metal make their exit from the rollers, as
described.
Fifthly, I claim the use of a bath of flux for receiving the plates or suitable
pieces of metal after theyare taken out of tinning or first coating pot of melted
metal, and then passing them between brushes or rubbers, as described, or
between rollers working in flux or not.
Sixthly, I claim the passing of sheets or plates from the tinning or first
coating pot between heated rollers, whether working in and heated by flux
or not.
Sevently, I claim the use of a bath or pan of flux for the deposit of sheets
or plates preparatory to their being passed through rollers to obtain a coating
of inolten metal, as described.
Eighthly, I claim the use of rollers working in flux in combination with
coating rollers working in the melted coating metal; and also such coating
rollers working in melted metal in combination with brushes or rubbers, or
with guides, as described. And I also claim the thinning, brushing, or
rubbing of the coating metal on the surface of the plates or pieces of metal
which have been coated by rollers, by causing a brushing, wiping, or rubbing

page_text: surface to act upon them, and then passing them direct from such brushing
or rubbing between rollers, whether working in contact with flux or not.
Ninthly, I claim the use of fluted, corrugated, or undulated rollers in the
process of coating sheet metal, in order that the sheets or plates may be
thereby impressed or strengthened in the process of coating, as described.
Tenthly, I claim the use of pegs, or bars, or barriers of wood, in order to
separate the sheets of metal which are being cleaned in the acid tank; such
pegs, bars, or barriers being used in combination with a lid or other arrange-
ment for keeping in the acid vapour, as described. And also I claim the
passing over of such vapour by piping or other arrangement into another
receptacle, as described.
Eleventhly, I claim the use of hollow rollers to receive anddeliver the sheets
as they emerge from the melted metal or flux, so as to admit of a current of
cold water passing through them in order to prevent the coating metal on the
surface of the sheets clinging to them.
Lastly, with the same object I cover the surface of such rollers, (which I
sometimes call the withdrawing rollers,) with tallow or other matter, which will
prevent the coating metal from adhering to such rollers.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edmund Morewood, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
EDMUND MOREWOOD. (L.S.)