IM- PROVED APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING EXTRACTS FROM VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Frederick Lunde, of West Square, St. George's
Road, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVED APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING EXTRACTS FROM VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 28th February 1868, and dated the 3rd September 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Frederick Lunde at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd September 1867.
I, PETER FREDERICK LUNDE, of West Square, St. George's Road, in the
County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED. APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING EXTRACTS FROM VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES,"
to be as follows:→→
The object of my Invention is to effect a saving of time in obtaining extracts
from vegetable substances, and also to effect in a more complete manner than
heretofore the solution and abstraction of the extractive matter contained in
such substances.
In carrying out my Invention the vegetable substance to be operated upon
is placed in the steeping vessel, which may be of any convenient shape, and

page_text: the water allowed to percolate through it so as to dissolve and wash out as
much as possible of the soluble extract; an additional quantity of the
vegetable substance may then be added, and an additional quantity of water
made to pass through the vessel and the vegetable substance contained therein.
The apparatus is so arranged that the fresh water is made to pass first through
the vegetable substance which was first put in or what may be termed the partly
spent portion; in so doing it will carry away with it a further portion of the
extractive matter from the partly spent substance, and will pass on and through
the fresh vegetable substance, from which the water will carry away a portion
of the soluble extractive matter contained therein. Another supply of the
vegetable substance may then be added, and a fresh supply of water, taking
care that the water is always made to pass through the most spent portion
of the vegetable substances before it is brought in contact with the stronger
portion. When all the soluble extract has been dissolved out and carried
away by successive washings the spent portion of the vegetable substance,
or that which was first put in, is to be removed, and the remainder pushed
forward to make room for a further supply of fresh vegetable substance.
The form of apparatus to be employed admits of considerable variation.
The following however is a simple and effective arrangement of parts :-The
vegetable substance to be operated upon is placed in a vessel which is open
at top and bottom, but is provided with a perforated moveable bottom on
which the vegetable substance is to be placed; water is poured in at the top,
and after passing through the vegetable substance and perforated bottom runs
into a reservoir below provided for the purpose. When an additional supply
of vegetable substance is to be put in the vessel the latter is to be turned over
and the perforated bottom removed, leaving the vegetable substance in the
vessel; the fresh substance is to be placed on the partly spent matter, and the
perforated bottom replaced and more water made to pass through, as already
explained.
• In another arrangement of apparatus the vegetable substance is put in at
the top of the macerating vessel, and rests on a moveable bottom which is not
perforated. The water is made to pass upwards instead of downwards, and
the spent vegetable matter is removed from the under side by first removing
the moveable bottom. In a word this arrangement is exactly the reverse
of that before described, but it produces precisely the same effect, inasmuch
as in both cases the water acts first upon the partially spent vegetable matter
and then passes on to and through that which is stronger.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Peter Frederick Lunde in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 3rd March 1868.
:
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PETER
FREDERICK LUNDE, of West Square, in the County of Surrey, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters.
Patent, bearing date the Third day of September, in the year of our Lord One,
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of Her reign,:
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said.
Peter Frederick Ļunde, Her special licence that I, the said Peter Frederick
Lunde, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said.
Peter Frederick Lunde, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,.
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED.
APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING EXTRACTS FROM VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Peter Frederick Lunde, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in, what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Peter Frederick Lunde, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is, to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
The object of my Invention is to effect a saving of time in obtaining
extracts from vegetable substances, and also to effect in a more complete
manner than heretofore the solution and abstraction of the extractine..matter
coutained in such substances.
:
In carrying out my Invention the vegetable substance to be operated upon
is placed in the steeping vessel, which may be of any convenient shape, and
the water is allowed to percolate through it so as to dissolve and wash out
as much as possible of the soluble extract; an additional quantity of the

page_text: vegetable substance may then be added, and an additional quantity of water
made to pass through the vessel and the vegetable substance contained
therein. The apparatus is so arranged that the fresh water is made to pass
first through the vegetable substance which was first put in, or what may
be termed the partly spent portion; in so doing it will carry away with it a
further portion of the extractive matter from the partly spent substance, and
will pass on and through the fresh vegetable substance from which the water.
will carry away a portion of the soluble extractive matter contained therein;
another supply of the vegetable substance may then be added, and an
additional quantity of water supplied, taking care that the water is always
made to pass through the most spent portion of the vegetable substances
before it is brought in contact with the stronger portion. When all the
soluble extract has been dissolved out and carried away by successive washings
the spent portion of that vegetable substance or that which was first put in
is to be removed, and the remainder pushed forward to make room for a
further supply of fresh vegetable substance.
The form of apparatus to be employed admits of considerable variation,
and in the accompanying Drawings I have shewn four different forms of
apparatus, all of which are however constructed on the same principle.
Fig. 1 is a plan view and Fig. 2 a vertical section of a simple and effective
arrangement of parts. The vegetable substance to be operated upon is
placed in the vessel a which is open at the top and bottom, but is provided
with a moveable bottom 6 on which the vegetable substance is to be placed ;
this bottom may if desired be perforated. A perforated cup or vessel c or
simply a perforated plate is fitted to the upper part of the vessel a.
Water
is poured in at the top into the cup c, and after passing through the
vegetable substance and perforated bottom 6 runs into a reservoir below
provided for the purpose or into a teapot to which the vessel a may be fitted
as shewn at d in Fig. 2. When an additional supply of vegetable substance
is to be put in the vessel, the latter is to be taken out of the teapot d and
turned over, and the perforated or moveable bottom bremoved leaving the
vegetable substance in the vessel a. The fresh substance is to be placed on
the partly spent matter and the moveable bottom b: replaced, and when the
vessel a has. been adapted to the teapot more water may be poured in and
made to passed through the mass of vegetable matter, as already explained.
In the arrangement of apparatus shewn in section at Fig. 3, and in plan
at Fig. 4, the vegetable substance is put in at the top of the macerating
vessel a, the upper vessel c into which the water is poured having been
removed for the purpose. The vegetable substanee rests upon the moveable

page_text: bottom 6', which is not perforated. The water is poured into the cup c above,
and is made to pass down the vertical pipe e to the bottom of the vessel' a;
from when it rises upwards through the vegetable substance instead of
passing downwards, as in the former instance. The liquid extract passes off
through the holes in the side of the vessel a, as indicated by the arrows or
through an aperture left between the upper and lower part of the vessel..
The spent vegetable matter (supposing two or three supplies have been added
in succession) is removed from the under side by first removing the moveable
bottom b. In a word. this arrangement it will be seen is exactly the reverse
of that before described, but it produces precisely the same effect, inasmucḥ
as in both cases the water acts first upon the partially spent vegetable matter,
and then passes on to and through that which is stronger.
Figures 5 and 6 represent another arrangement in which the water is
made to ascend through the mass of vegetable matter and pass off through
holes in the side of the macerating vessel. Fig. 5 is a vertical section of the
apparatus, and Fig. 6 is a plan view. In this case there are a number of
macerating vessels fitted one on the other as shewn in the Drawing. The vege-
table substance to be operated upon is placed in the first vessel, and upon water
being poured into the cup c above will descend through the central vertical
passage e and pass up through the perforated bottom of the macerating vessel.
When the vegetable matter in the first macerating vessel is partially exhausted
a second macerating vessel also containing a supply of vegetable matter is
fitted on to the top of the first vessel, and more water poured in above.
This will first pass up through the partially spent vegetable substance and
then through the second supply, after which a third supply may be added.
Fig. 7 is a vertical section of an arrangement in which the percolation
takes place downward through a series of chambers or macerating vessels
fixed one on the other, as in Fig. 5, but in Fig. 7 the water is poured into
the top vessel c, then passes through the uppermost macerating vessel on the
O bottom of which a second vessel may be fitted when the vegetable matter in
the first is nearly spent, and so on adding other vessels on to the bottom ones
in succession.
Having now described my Invention of "Improved Apparatus for Obtaining
Extracts from Vegetable Substances," and having explained the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I would observe that although I have shewn
four different forms of apparatus, whereby the object of my Invention may
be effected, I do not mean or intend to confine myself thereto, as it will be
obvious that the construction and arrangement of the apparatus may be varied
without departing from the nature of my Invention, which I claim to consist

page_text: in causing the water to pass through successive layers of the vegetable
substance intended to be operated upon in such order that the water is
always made to pass first through the first layer or charge of vegetable
substance, and in succession through those layers or charges which have been
subsequently added, as herein set forth.
In witness. whereof, I, the said Peter Frederick Lunde, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Twenty-ninth day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
P. F. LUNDE. (L.S.)