Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres for the Wheels of Cycles, Light Vehicles, and Roller Skates.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Nov., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 18th Aug., 1894-Accepted, 22nd Sept., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres for the Wheels of Cycles, Light
Vehicles, and Roller Skates.
1, JOHN ARTHUR HARRISON, of Kensington Street Works, Aston near the
City of Birmingham, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
My invention relates to the wheels of cycles light vehicles, and roller skates has
for one of its objects, an unpuncturable pneumatic tyre, and for another object, a
non-skidding tyre, or a tyre free from side slip on wet and muddy roads, and this
I accomplish by directing circumferentially around the tread of the tyre, and side
by side a series of metal or other bands, wires or narrow strips, with the opposed
edges of the same being preferably undulatory or zig-zag, so as to make the whole
of the adjacent bands, wires or strips interlock one with another.
In carrying out one form of my invention, I take a length of laterally corrugated
metal, either in the state of a band or as wire, and place one end upon one side of
the tread and then wrap the same longitudinally and circumferentially around the
said tyre until a sufficient quantity has been' wrapped to cover the tread, when the
said bands are disposed side by side and with the undulatory edges of each coil or
band lying and being interlocked within the undulatory edges of the adjacent or
contiguous ones.
I may make the said bands, wires, or narrow strips, of metal, leather, cat-gut,
gutta-percha or other like flexible and yielding materials incapable of being readily
cut, pierced or punctured by passing over a sharp object.
By giving the wires or strips a running and cross undulatory figure, the wires
are prevented from being displaced equatorially or circumferentially, or from
leaving each other, whilst at the same time, each strip or wire is capable of
independent inward and outward action..
.
Thus by the said bands or wires lying side by side and being interlocked one
with another against equatorial displacement they yield and react independent of
each other, whereby none of the "life" or resiliency of the tyre is lost or
counteracted.
Instead of laterally undulatory strips or wires, I may use plain bands or wires
laid side by side, or instead of the same being serpentine or undulatory the same
may be zig-zag or V-ed and arranged to interlock one with another.
I propose to employ the said unpuncturable means equatorially around the
middle of the tyre, or 1. propose to make the said unpuncturable means an insertion
between cover and tyre, or between the plys of either a cover or a tyre.
Or I make the same an interjacent medium in any part of the tyre or in any
part of the cover, or a made band of the component wires or bands may be made in
the form of an independent medium, which is attachedly connected to or within a
tyre or cover.
Dated this 17th day of November 1893.
JOHN ARTHUR HARRISON,
By Henry Skerrett,
Agent for Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres for the Wheels of Cycles, Light
Vehicles, and Roller Skates.
I, JOHN ARTHUR HARRISON, of Kensington Street Works, Aston, near the
City of Birmingham, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to the wheels of cycles, light vehicles, and roller skates, and
has for one of its objects, an unpuncturable pneumatic tyre, and for another object,
a non-skidding tyre, or a tyre free from side slip on wet and muddy roads, and this
I accomplish by directing circumferentially around the tread of the tyre, and side
by side, a series of wires, or of metal or other bands, or narrow strips whose
opposed edges may be plain, or they may be undulatory or zig-zag, so as, in the
latter case to make the whole of the adjacent wires, bands, or strips interlock one
with another.
In carrying out one form of my invention, I take a length of laterally corrugated
metal, either in the state of a band or as wire, and place one end upon one side of
the tread and then wrap the same longitudinally and circumferentially around the
said tyre, until a sufficient quantity has been wrapped to cover the tread, when the
said wires or bands are disposed side by side, and with the undulatory edges of each
coil or band lying and being interlocked within the undulatory edges of the
adjacent or contiguous ones.
I may make the said bands, wires, or narrow strips, of metal, leather, cat-gut,
gutta-percha or other like flexible and yielding materials incapable of being readily
cut, pierced or punctured by passing over a sharp object.
By giving the wires or strips a running and cross undulatory figure, the wires
are prevented from being displaced equatorially or circumferentially, or from
leaving each other, whilst at the same time, each strip or wire is capable of
independent inward and outward action.
Thus by the said bands or wires lying side by side, and being interlocked one
with another against equatorial displacement, they yield and react independent of
each other, whereby none of the "life" or resiliency of the tyre is lost or
neutralized.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawing represents a cycle wheel pneumatic tyre,
or the cover thereof, having its tread provided with a wrapped or wound undulatory
and continuous length of wire or strip metal, such as last referred to.
Figure 2 represents, upon an enlarged scale, a portion of the tread of a tyre, or
of the cover of a tyre, showing the undulations of the crimped and wrapped wire
or metal length lying side-by-side, or one within the other.
Figure 3 represents a portion of the edge-wrapped band upon a still further
enlarged scale.
Figure 4 represents a diagrammatic view of a tyre, or the cone of a tyre, showing
the same partly wrapped, whilst a portion of the wrapped wire is shown in
continuous loops, and in the form which takes when wound.
a is a tyre or cover, having embedded within the rubber of it, or upon its
outside periphery, a wrapped wire band b.
Instead of laterally undulatory strips or wires, I may use plain or straight bands
or wires laid side by side, and further, I propose to employ the said unpuncturable

page_text: means equatorially around the middle of the tyre, or I propose to make the said
unpuncturable means an insertion between cover and tyre, or between the plys of
either a cover or a tyre.
Or I make the same an interjacent medium in any part of the tyre or in any
part of the cover, or made-up band of the component wires or bands may be made
in the form of an independent medium, which is attachedly connected to or within
a tyre or cover.
Figure 5 represents, in cross section, a cover, having an inserted metallic band,
made up from a continuous length of plain and straight wire, wrapped side by side,
and forming an unpuncturable wall or tread.
Figure 6 represents a topside plan of Figure 5, with a part of the rubber or
facing material of the tread removed.
a is a cover or tyre, and b is a band or circlet, made from plain wrapped wire,
and inserted within the rubber of the walls of the same, or between the plys of the
canvas and rubber cover.
Figure 7 represents a modified form of band, in which flat wire is wrapped edge
to edge, instead of round wire, as in Figure 6.
Figure 8 represents a naked made-up band of wrapped wire, disposed upon the
outside of the tread of the cover or tyre, instead of being interlocated within the
rubber or between the plys thereof.
a is the cover or walls of the tyre, and 6 is a made-up and wrapped band, wound
from a continuous length of wire, and lying within an equatorial sinking a', formed
within the tread.
y
Figure represents a loose tyre-tread defence, consisting of a canvas, rubber or
other like annulus, armed interiorly with a continuous coil of wire or strip metal of
any section, and which, when placed upon an ordinary tyre, or upon a cover, or
between a tyre and cover, makes a defence against the incursion of puncturing
objects. I might add that when placed upon the periphery of a naked tyre, it not
only acts as a defence, but also constitutes a means of preventing skidding.
Figure 10 represents the said defence applied to a tyre. The same is placed on
when the tyre is deflated, and then assumes a cambered figure in common with the
tyre when the same is inflated.
Figure 11 represents the loose attachable and detachable armed band annulus
before the laying over of the covering.
Thus, a ring-like strip of canvas, rubber or other similar material a, is taken of a
little more than double the breadth of the armed band to be made. A length of
wire is then closely wound upon the part a', and then the part a², is folded over, as
in the section Figure 9, and the edges are joined.
I wish it to be understood that I do not confine myself as to whether the band
is applied upon the outside or upon the inside of the cover or tyre, or between a
cover and an inner air chamber, and where the wound or wrapped band or circlet
comes upon the outer periphery, then the same is fitted thereon when the same
is deflated, so that on the inflation, the metal of the band is put on the stretch,
and, to a limited extent, embeds itself in the material of the tread.
It is to be understood that by the tread mean any part of the tyre which is so
exposed or left naked as to admit of being punctured.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. Providing the tread of a pneumatic tyre, or the cover of a pneumatic
tyre, with a nacked, interlocated or insertioned band or circlet, formed or made up
from one or more continuous lengths of circumferentially and equatorially wrapped
wire, strip metal, or other material, either of a plain, corrugated, zig-zagged or
other character, substantially as and for the purposes as described and set forth.
Secondly. A loose tread defence for pneumatic tyres or covers, consisting of
an annular band or an annular hollow band, armed or interiorly armed with a

page_text: defence, as in the preceding claim, substantially as described and set forth in
Figures 9, 10 and 11.
Dated this 17th day of August 1894.
JOHN ARTHUR HARRISON,
By Henry Skerrett,
6, Livery Street, Birmingham, Agent for Applicant.