IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOTS, SHOES, AND SIMILAR FOOT COVERINGS, IN FIXING THE HEELS AND SOLES THEREOF, AND IN APPARATUS FOR FORMING AND APPLYING SCREWS FOR THE FOREGOING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jean Pierre Lamar, of Bush Lane, in the City of
London, Merchant, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOTS, SHOES,
AND SIMILAR FOOT COVERINGS, IN FIXING THE HEELS AND SOLES THEREOF, AND
IN APPARATUS FOR FORMING AND APPLYING SCREWS FOR THE FOREGOING AND
OTHER PURPOSES."-A communication from abroad by Charles Jarrin, of
Bue Bourbon. Villeneuve. Paris, France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jean Pierre Lamar at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th January 1860.
I, JEAN PIERRE LAMAR, of Bush Lane, in the City of London, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BOOTS, SHOES, AND SIMILAR FOOT COVERINGS, IN FIXING THE HEELS AND SOLES
THEREOF, AND IN APPARATUS FOR FORMING AND APPLYING SCREWS FOR THE FOREGOING
AND OTHER PURPOSES," communicated to me from abroad by Charles Jarrin, of
Rue Bourbon, Villeneuve, Paris, France, to be as follows
Through the thickness of the sole or heel of the boot, shoe, or like article, I.
insert screws protruding below the under surface thereof, so that the wearer
tread on them instead of on the leather or other material of the sole or
heel, which is thus prevented from rapid deterioration, while as the screws
may

page_text: become worn at their surface, they may be worked lower down, say, by a screw-
driver, and some of them may, when desirable, be screwed down lower than
others to accommodate the particular tread of the wearer. Plates of metal or
bardened india-rubber may be employed among other materials for the screws
to work through, being perforated with threaded orifices to correspond thereto.
These screws may be introduced in any desirable manner, but for forming and
applying screws for this purpose, and for that of fixing soles and heels, and
various other uses, an apparatus may be employed, wherein is mounted a
moveable frame or carrier, which may be worked up and down by a treadle or
equivalent preferably between standards of a fixed framework. The moveable
frame or carrier supports a bracket holding a reel supplied with the wire or
substance to be formed into screws, and also carries a hollow spindle threaded
on the outside, and working in a nut, and provided with toothed or gear wheels,
by turning which in one or other direction, by a handle or otherwise, the
spindle may be moved up or down accordingly. A tube carrying the reel in
one arrangement passes through this spindle, and rests at bottom on a die, dies,
or screw plate attached to the lower end of the spindle. The wire as given off
the reel is straightened and guided, preferably by a friction roller, into the tube,
down which it passes to the screw die, and thence after being converted into a
screw to the boot, shoe, or other article which is presented to it on an adjusting
frame or suitable support. The whole weight or pressure of the moveable
frame or carrier, with its gearing and reel bracket, is brought down by the
treadle upon the pieces of leather or other material to be united so as to press
them firmly together. On turning the handle or its equivalent in one direction,
and so raising the spindle, the die or screw plate is worked round the wire or
substance, and so forms a screw; on turning the handle in the contrary direction,
and so depressing the spindle, the screw so produced is introduced into the sole
or other article, a nip opened and closed by screws grasps it and prevents it
from turning when it has to enter the sole, but leaves it free when to be
threaded. A shears, worked by a lever handle, or a circular saw or other
cutter cuts the wire, the blades may be bevelled to taper the end of the screw.
The workman can readily raise the frame, and shift and guide the shoe or
article to receive every fresh screw, which may form its own orifice. For cutting
cylindrical screws for the foregoing and other purposes, I also propose to place
within the hollow spindle at one end a square ferrule; collar, plug, or short tube.
with square orifice or passage through it, so that square wire, when led through
it, is prevented from turning while being formed into a screw, but is free to be
drawn on towards the die or screw plate.
Z My apparatus is applicable for forming and applying screws for purposes of

page_text: uniting lead for saddlery and upholstery, canvass for tents and sails, metal
plates for ships, and other uses. Instead of metal or wire screws, screws of
hardened india-rubber and hardened gutta percha, or combinations thereof, or
similar resinous or gum resinous substances may in certain cases be employed
with advantage for inserting into and fixing the soles and heels of boots, shoes,
and foot coverings, manufactured of leather or other material.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jean Pierre Lamar in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 25th July 1860.
'
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JEAN
PIERRE LAMAR, of Bush Lane, in the City of London, Merchant, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Jean Pierre Lamar, Her special licence that I, the said Jean
Pierre Lamar, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Jean Pierre Lamar, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOTS, SHOES, AND SIMILAR FOOT COVERINGS, IN
FIXING THE HEELS AND SOLES THEREOF, AND IN APPARATUS FOR FORMING AND
APPLYING SCREWS FOR THE FOREGOING AND OTHER PURPOSES," communicated to me
from Charles Jarrin, of Rue Bourbon, Villeneuve, Paris, France, upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Jean Pierre Lamar, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months:next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jean Pierre Lamar, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and. by

page_text: the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and. figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
This Invention first relates to improvements in boots, shoes, and similar foot
coverings. For this purpose, through the thickness of the sole or heel of the
boot, shoe, or foot covering, screws are inserted protruding below the under
surface thereof sufficiently. for the wearer to tread on them instead of on the
leather or other material of which the sole or heel may be composed, and
which by these means is prevented from becoming rapidly worn or destroyed.
As the screws become worn at the surface or extremity trodden on they may
be worked lower down, say, by means of a screw driver; some of these screws
may, when desirable, be screwed down lower than others to accommodate the
particular tread of the wearer. Plates of metal or hardened india-rubber may
be employed amongst other materials for the screws to work through, these
plates being perforated or formed with threaded orifices to correspond with
the screws.
The Invention next relates to fixing soles and heels, and to machinery for
forming and applying screws for the same and other purposes. For forming
and applying screws for the foregoing purpose, also for fixing soles and heels,
and for various other uses, an apparatus may be employed wherein is
mounted a moveable frame or carrier worked up and down between standards
of a fixed frame by a treadle or equivalent contrivance. This moveable frame
or carrier supports arrangements, including a bracket carrying a reel supplied
with the wire or substance to be formed into screws; and a hollow spindle or
shaft, which is screw-threaded on the outside surface, works in a nut, and is
provided with toothed or gear wheels, by turning which in one or other direc-
tion the spindle may be moved up or down accordingly. A tube carrying the reel,
in one arrangement, passes through this shaft or spindle and rests at bottom on
a die, dies, or screw plate attached to the lower end of the spindle. The wire
as given off the reel is straightened and guided preferably by a friction roller
into the tube down which it passes to the screw die, and thence after being
formed into a screw, arrives at the boot, shoe, or other article to which it is to
be applied, and which is presented to it on an adjusting frame or suitable
support. The whole weight or pressure of the moveable frame or carrier with
its gearing and reel bracket is brought down by the treadle upon the pieces of
leather or other material to be united and presses them firmly together. On
turning the handle or its equivalent in one direction and so raising the shaft
or spindle, the die or screw plate is worked round the wire or substance to be
tapped and forms thereon a thread or screw; on turning the handle in the con-
trary direction and thereby depressing the spindle, the screw so produced is

page_text: introduced into the sole. or other article, a nip opened and closed by screws,
grasps it and prevents it from turning when it has to enter the sole, but leaves.
it free to be tapped or threaded. Shears worked by a lever handle, or a cir-j
cular saw, or other cutter cuts the wire; the blades may be bevelled in order
to taper the end of the screw. The workman can readily raise the frame and;
shift and guide the shoe or article to receive every fresh screw, which may
form its own orifice.
For cutting cylindrical screws for the foregoing and other purposes, there,
may be placed within the hollow spindle at one end thereof a square ferrule,.
collar, plug, or short tube with square orifice or passage through it, whereby a
square wire lead through it is prevented from turning with the shaft while,
being formed into a screw, but is nevertheless free to be drawn on through the.
die or screw plate in order to be tapped.
My improved apparatus is also applicable for forming and applying screws.
for purposes of uniting leather for saddlery and upholstery, canvas for tents and:
sails, metal plates for ships, and other purposes. Instead of metal or wire:
screws, screws of hardened india-rubber, hardened gutta percha, or of a com-:
bination thereof, or of similar resinous or gum resinous substances hardened,
may be formed and applied by my improved machinery, and employed with
advantage, when light and elegant articles are desired for inserting into and.
fixing the soles and heels of boots, shoes, and foot coverings manufactured of
leather and other materials.
The accompanying Drawings exemplify the mode of performing the
Invention.
In carrying the first part of the improvements into effect, and which are
chiefly adapted to heavy or thick soled boots and shoes, any suitable mode of
forming the screws and inserting them into the soles and heels may be adopted!
but especially the apparatus before described and exemplified in the Drawings
herein-after referred to, particularly by the use of the square bore plug
represented at j, Figure 6.
"
.:
Figure 1 is a plan of the under side; and Figure: 2, a side view in section,
of a heel, with the moveable screws a, a, applied; the screws have a slot. or
notch at top for the screwdriver to work in; they should not have projecting
heads, as those would prevent their working down through the thicknesses;
b is a thickness or piece of hardened india-rubber inserted between two thick.
nesses of leather, perforated and wormed for the screws to pass through.
Figure 3 is a diagram of. the front part or toe of a shoe, showing the screws
applied; the sole projects somewhat beyond the upper, and the screws a are
inserted in this projecting part a³, so that the screwdriver may get at them;

page_text: which it could not do if they were beneath the uppers. The lower extremities
of the screws a, a, protrude to the desired extent beyond the under surface of
the sole and heel. A loose inner sole or flap a' should be fitted in the shoe to
protect the foot from the screws, and is removed to insert. a screwdriver in
the latter.
Figure 4. is a side elevation, and Figure 5, a front view of an apparatus
constructed according to this Invention, for forming and applying screws for.
and into a shoe. A, A, is a bench or supporting framework; B is an iron
frame, the two standards of which are firmly secured to the bench A by a
block B and screw bolts B³, the block being firmly bolted to the bench A ;
C, moveable frame or carrier sliding up and down the standards B; D, frame
or rest, with adjustable parts D¹, D, holding the last D³ on which the shoe D.
is placed, and which may be elevated or depressed by turning the screws D² in
the nuts D¹; e, bracket, carrying a reel E, on which is wound the wire f and
a friction roller g, for guiding the wire in its descent; H, hollow shaft or
spindle supported in the arms of the frame C, and screw-threaded on its outer
surface; it passes through a nut h, and carries a bevel pinion ¹ in gear with a
bevel wheel h³ of larger diameter, worked by a handle h³, by which the shaft is
worked up or down. i is a screw plate fixed to the lower end of the spindle H;
a tube passes down within the spindle through which the wire descends from
the reel to the screw plate i, but this tube concealed by the spindle so that it
is not seen in Figures 4 and 5. It rests at bottom on the screw plate i, and at
top it carries the reel bracket e. k is a nipper adjusted by screws, and intended
to grasp
the wire and prevent its turning when the handle is worked to bring
the screw into the sole, it is relaxed when the screw is to be formed. L is a
lever handle, working shears for cutting the screw; the shears have bevilled
blades to taper it and facilitate its inserting itself into the leather. The
cutters may be mounted on a bracket. M, bar attached to the rising and
falling carrier frame C, and connected to a treadle N for depressing the
frame C; O is a counterweight, for raising the frame to free the shoe, and
allow of its being shifted; M³, lever connected to the bar M; having at its
farther end a second treadle P, which may be employed instead of the weight
to raise the frame C. Instead of treadles other means of raising and depressing
the frame may be employed. The weight of the rising and falling carrier frame
with the parts connected to it when brought down on the shoe presses the
layers of leather together, and prevents the screws from forcing them asunder.
The wire is given off the reel and drawn down through the tube in the
spindle H to the screw plate i; the handle h³ is turned in one direction to
work the spindle up and turn the screw plate round the wire, and. so form it

page_text: into a screw, and it is turned in the reverse direction to work the spindle down
to bring the screw into the shoe; the workman shifts the shoe on the rest D
for each fresh screw, loosens the screws of k, holds the reel with one hand,
turns the handle h³; and taps a thread on the wire, he then tightens the screws
of k, turns the handle in the opposite direction, and so brings the screw into
the leather. Figure 6 is a sectional elevation of part of the shaft H, shewing
the ferrule or plug fitted in it. j, shewn in plan, Figure 7, and elevation,
Figure 8, is a ferrule or tubular plug of square section, both as to its external
surface and its internal bore j', and is held in place by a collar or shoulder
resting on a shoulder formed on the inside surface of the shaft H. The bore j¹
being square, and the wire falso, the latter is prevented from turning with
the shaft, but passes through duly. to the screw plate i to be formed into a
screw. A circular saw is used to cut the thick wire instead of a levér cutter.
This arrangement will serve for forming the moveable cylindrical screws a, a.
Figures 1, 2, and 3, after being cut of the required length, a slot or notch is
cut in one end for inserting the screwdriver. If the apparatus is used for other
articles than shoes, the arrangement of the adjustable frame D can be readily
modified to suit the particular description of article or material.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same may be performed, I declare that I what I claim is,-
First, the application to boots, shoes, and similar foot coverings, of screws
fitted in the thickness of the soles and heels thereof, and arranged in such
manner that the wearer may tread on the extremities of such screws instead
of on the leather or material of the sole or heel, and that they may be worked
down as they become worn, all as herein-before described.
Second, the mode of fixing the soles and heels of boots, shoes, and similar
foot coverings by the employment of the arrangement of apparatus, combined
and operating as herein-before described, and by means whereof screws are
formed and applied for the said purpose.
Third, the arrangement and combination of apparatus herein described, in
which a screw plate or die working round the wire or substance to be threaded
or tapped is fixed to a hollow shaft or spindle, arranged, moving, and operating
as described, and combined with a reel, or equivalent delivering-off appliance,
and rising and falling carrier or frame, the whole arranged and acting sub-
stantially in the manner set forth.
Fourth, the combination with the said apparatus of the tubular plug ferrule
or short tube j, of square section externally and internally, as described, acting
and arranged in the manner set forth.
Fifth, the general arrangement and combination of apparatus or machinery

page_text: herein before described and represented in the Drawings, for forming and
applying screws for various uses.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jean Pierre Lamar, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of July in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
Witness,
M. HENRY, Patent Agent,
84, Fleet Street, London.
JEAN PIERRE LAMAR. (L.S.)..