IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING CUT PILE FABRICS
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Walter Norton, of Clayton, West Huddersfield,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING CUT PILE FABRICS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Walter Norton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th January 1864.
I, WALTER NORTON, of Clayton, West Huddersfield, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING CUT PILE FABRICS,'
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in weaving cut pile fabrics,
and is peculiarly applicable in the production of piled checks or plaids, and is
also applicable when weaving other fabrics, and consists in producing the cut
pile of the fabrics from the combined flushings of the pile warps and the pile
wefts of the fabrics. For these purposes a pile warp, as well as a ground or
back warp, is employed, as when weaving plushes and like fabrics, produced by
cutting the flushings of the pile warps, and in addition to the pile and back
warp two wefts are used, one for weaving the back or ground of a fabric, and
the other (the color of which is from time to time changed) for producing the
pile by being flushed over the ground or back warps, so that the pile of each
fabric will be composed of the cut flushings of the pile warps and the pile weft
threads or yarus.

page_text: With the system of weaving above explained different colored pile warps
and different colored pile wefts are used, according to the nature of the plaid
or check desired to be produced. The flushings of the pile warps and of the
pile wefts (which over and under lay each other when a fabric is woven) are
most conveniently cut diagonally, as by so acting the flushings both of the
pile warps and of the pile wefts are cut at the same time.
SPECIFICATION ni pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Walter Norton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
26th July 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WALTER
NORTON, of Clayton, West Huddersfield, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Walter Norton, Her special licence that I, the said Walter
Norton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as 1,
the said Walter Norton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WEAVING CUT PILE FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Walter Norton, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months.
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Walter Norton, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :--
This Invention has for its object improvements in weaving cut pile fabrics,
and is peculiarly applicable. in the production of piled checks or plaids, and is
also applicable when weaving other fabrics, and consists in producing the cut

page_text: pile of the fabrics from the combined flushings of the pile warps and the pile
wefts of the fabrics. For these purposes a pile warp, as well as a ground or.
back warp is employed, as when weaving plushes and like fabrics produced by
cutting the flushings of the pile warps, and in addition to the pile and back.
warp two wefts are used, one for weaving the back or ground of a fabric, and
the other (the color of which is from time to time changed) for producing the
pile by being flushed over the ground or back warps, so that the pile of each
fabric will be composed of the cut flushings of the pile warps and the pile
weft threads or yarns.
With the system of weaving above explained, different colored pile warps
and different colored pile wefts are used, according to the nature of the plaid
or check desired to be produced. The flushings of the pile warps and of the
pile wefts (which over and under lay each other when a fabric is woven) are
most conveniently cut diagonally, as by so acting the flushings both of the pile
warps and of the pile wefts are cut at the same time.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed more
fully to describe the manner of performing the same.
The manufacture of plush and such like piled fabrics being well known and
extensively practised, both when producing the pile surfaces by part of the
warps of the fabric, also when producing the piled surfaces by means of part
of the weft, it will not be necessary to enter into a full description thereof, as
the Invention consists in employing in the same fabrics these two systems of
obtaining the pile surfaces, and combining therewith the use of different
colored warps and different colored wefts, in order to obtain diversity of
pattern both in respect to the parts of the piled surfaces, and also in respect
to the parts of the grounds of the fabrics on which the piled surfaces are
produced. Thus the ground fabric may be produced by one color of warp
and weft, whilst the pile warps and the pile wefts may be of
each other, but different from the color of the ground fabric.
parts of the pile warps may be of a different color from other parts of the
pile warps, and such is the case in respect to the pile wefts. By thus com-
bining the two systems of producing the pile surfaces of the same fabrics, and
by the use at the same time of different colored pile threads or yarns, a very
great variety of patterned surfaces of piled fabrics may be produced, depending
on the taste of the designers of the patterns.
a like color to
In other cases
In the Diagram hereunto annexed one design or pattern is given as an
example for weaving a plaid fabric. The nature of this Diagram is written
thereon, and will readily be understood by a weaver.
The ground warps of
this design may be of any desired color or colors, whilst the ground wefts may

page_text: be of the same color or colors as the warps. The pile warps are in different
colors in stripes. The colored pile wefts may be of like colors with the pile
warps, or they may be varied from the pile warp and from each other. In
some cases the piled surfaces may be produced by pile warps and pile wefts in
stripes at intervals apart, such intervals being composed of ground fabric
having no pile thereon; in these cases the parts of the ground fabric where
there is no pile may be of plain twill or figured weaving, in which different
colored warps and wefts may be employed. according to the effect desired
to be produced. The fabrics having been woven the flushings of the pile
threads may be cut in the usual manner, that is, in a direction longitudinally
for cutting the floatings or flushings of the pile wefts, and transversely for
cutting the flushings or floatings of the pile warps; or the pile warp and weft
may be cut by passing the cutter in a diagonal direction.
In witness whereof, I, the said Walter Norton, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
WALTER NORTON. (L.S.)