IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING TERRY AND CUT PILE FABRICS
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Jack, junior, and Alameth Coulthurst, of"
Nethercommon, Paisley, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER
LOOMS FOR WEAVING TERRY AND CUT PILE FABRICS."
Sealed the 30th April 1867, and dated the 29th January 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Jack, and Alameth
Coulthurst at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 29th January 1867.
We, PETER JACK, junior, and ALAMETH COULTHURST, of Nethercommon,
Paisley, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING TERRY AND CUT PILE FABRICS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in power looms for weaving
terry and cut pile fabrics. For these purposes, in constructing and combining
the wire motion of a power loom according to this Invention, a hook is used
which is fixed to a sliding carriage, which is moved to and fro on a suitable
guide or bar in introducing and withdrawing a wire, as has heretofore been
the case in other wire motions of power looms. The manner in which the
heads of the wires are removed from the hook after the wires have been
drawn out of the fabric, and are moved into a position-to be again introduced
by the movement of the carriage towards the selvage of the fabric, may be
varied as hereafter explained; and in order that the point or end of the wire
next the fabric may be caused to incline towards the reed of a loom, magnets

page_text: it
or electro-magnets are used, which as a wire is moved into the shed in the
warp hold the wire, and cause it to continue to incline towards the reed as
the wire is moved into the shed. The holding of the wire by the magnets as
goes
into the shed admits of the wires sliding along the surfaces of the
magnets, whilst the holding is such as to prevent the wire vibrating. In one
arrangement of apparatus for withdrawing and inserting the wires, a stud or
projection on the carriage when it has arrived nearly to the end of its outward
motion comes against an incline on a slide which is arranged to move in a
direction at right angles to the fixed guide or bar on which the carriage slides,
and causes such slide to move. This slide carries a finger or projection behind
which the head of the wire is brought by the book, so that when the slide with
its finger is moved towards the back of the loom the finger presses against the
head of the wire and pushes it off from the withdrawing hook, and the wire
is prevented dropping by a wire support fixed near the selvage of the fabric,
and by a notch in the head of the wire which fits on to the edge of the plate
of the carriage. The slide is moved towards the front of the loom by an
india-rubber or other suitable spring. The movement of the carriage towards
the selvage of the fabric causes the wire last drawn out to be pushed into the
shed from the position to which the head of the wire has been moved as above
explained.
In the other arrangement or combination for withdrawing and inserting
the wires the parts are as above described, with the exception that a lever
is used on the outer end of the bar on which the carriage slides in place of
the slide and finger above mentioned; and the finger on the carriage comes
against the tail of such lever, and causes it by its other end to act on the head
of the wire, in like manner to that in which the finger on the slide acted in
the other combined arrangement before described. The heads of the wires
and the wire employed are of ordinary construction, whether for terry or cut
pile fabrics, excepting there is a V-formed notch at the upper part of each,
which fits a V-formed instrument on the carriage.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Peter Jack, and Alameth Coulthurst in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 27th July 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, PETER
JACK, junior, and ALAMETH COULTHURST, of Nethercommon, Paisley, send
greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Peter Jack and Alameth Coulthurst, Her special licence that we, the
said Peter Jack and Alametà Coulthurst, our, executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Peter Jack and Alameth Coulthurst,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS
FOR WEAVING TERRY AND CUT PILE FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said Peter Jack and Alameth Coulthurst, by an instru-
ment in writing under our or their hands and seals, or under the hand-
and seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Peter Jack, on behalf of myself and
the said Alameth Coulthurst, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be parti-
cularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,
that is to say:―
.'
This Invention has for its object improvements in power looms. for weaving
terry and cut pile fabrics. For these purposes, in constructing and combining
the wire motion of a power loom according to this Invention, a hook is used
which is fixed to a sliding carriage, which is moved to and fro on a suitable.
guide or bar in introducing and withdrawing a wire, as has heretofore been
the case in other wire motions of power looms. In one arrangement of
apparatus for withdrawing and inserting the wires we employ a stud or
projection on the carriage, which, when it has arrived nearly to the end of its
outward motion comes against an incline on a slide, which is arranged to move
in a direction at right angles to the fixed guide or bar on which the carriage
slides and causes such slide to move. This slide carries a finger bebind which
the bead of the wire is brought by the book, so that when the slide with its
finger is moved towards the back of the loom the finger presses against the
lead of the wire and pushes it off from the withdrawing hook, and the wire is

page_text: prevented dropping by a wire support fixed near the selvage of the fabric,
and by a notch in the head of the wire which fits on to the edge of the plate
of the carriage. The movement of the carriage towards the selvage of the
fabric causes the wire last drawn out to be pushed into the shed, from the
position to which the head of the wire has been moved as above explained.
The heads of the wires have a V-formed notch at the upper part of each
which fits a V-formed instrument on the carriage.
In another arrangement or combination for withdrawing and inserting the
wires, the parts are as above described, with the exception that a lever is used
in place of the slide and finger above mentioned, and the projection on the
carriage comes against the tail of such lever and causes it by its other end to
act on the head of the wire, in like manner to that in which the finger
on the slide acted in the other combined arrangement before described.
In each arrangement, in order that the point or end of the wire next the
fabric may be caused to incline towards the reed of the loom magnets or
electro-magnets are used which as a wire is moved into the shed in the warp,
hold the wire and cause it to continue to incline towards the reed as the wire
is moved into the shed. The holding of the wire by the magnets as it goes
into the shed admits of the wires sliding along the surfaces of the magnets
whilst the holding is such as to prevent the wire vibrating.
And in order that our said Invention may be most fully understood and
readily carried into effect, we will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto
annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a plan, and Figure 2 an end elevation of apparatus arranged
according to our Invention for introducing and withdrawing terry wires; it is
applicable to carpet and other looms for weaving terry fabrics by power.
The looms, with the exception of the parts herein-after described, may be of
ordinary and well-known construction. a is a guide rail fixed at one end
to the frame of the loom, and carried at the other end by the bracket b which
is fixed to the standard or upright c; d, is a carriage capable of sliding along
tlie guide rail a; it is kept in its place by means of V's on the under side of
the rail and a feather entering a guide groove in its upper surface. The
carriage d is connected by a link e to a lever f turning on a centre at its
lower end, and receiving a to and fro movement from the working parts of
the loom in any convenient manner and as is well understood. A plan of the
carriage d and of other parts working with it is shown full size at Figure 3 ;
it has fixed upon it a hook d¹ for catching the heads of the wires, near

page_text: the selvage of the fabric g, g, are the terry wires, a side view of the head
of one of them is shown separately at Figure 4, and a plan at Figure 5; the
heads of a number of these wires appear in Figure 1 in the position they
occupy when the wires are in the fabric with the terry loops upon them; h,
is a guide plate fixed to the bar a to support the heads of the wires, and keep
them truly in position for the hook d to catch them, and to this end there is
a notch g in the wire head into which the edge of the plate h enters; each
time that the carriage d approaches the inner end of its stroke the inclined
head of the hook d' comes against the head of the outermost wire, which
yields slightly to allow it to pass until the nib of the hook comes up to the
hole g in the wire head; the wire then springs back over the hook and the
carriage d commences to return, and in returning it draws out the wire until
its point is clear of the selvage of the fabric and of the heads of the other
wires remaining in it; d is a spring catch fixed on the top of the carriage d;
it has a V-formed projection on its under side which catches into a correspond-
ing notch g' in the heads of the wires. At the same time that the hook d' is
catching the head of the wire with the object of withdrawing it as already
described, the spring catch d is brought up against the heads of the wires in
the fabric and the inclines upon them cause it to yield upwards until it comes
to the notches g³ into which it drops, but it again rises when the carriage
commences to return, until it has passed clear of the wire heads which remain
in the fabric, and it then again descends into the notch g' of the wire which
is being withdrawn, but without descending quite to the bottom thereof; when
the outward motion of the carriage d is nearly complete, and the point of the
wire is clear of the fabric, the incline of the spring catch d acting with the
corresponding incline of the notch g³ draws the wires slightly forward, and
clears it from the bevel or taper of the hook d', so that it may be ready to be
transferred from the hook to the position in which it is held to be reinserted
into the fabric. This transfer is effected by means of a finger i fixed upon a
slide i which is able to traverse horizontally and at right angles to the guide a
in slots in the bracket k which carries it; this bracket & is bolted to the
piece b as is shown; 1, is a spring attached to the slide i and its bracket k, and
tending constantly to draw the said slide into the position in which it is shown
in Figure 1. As the carriage d, however, approaches the outer end of its
course, a projection d upon it comes against the incline on the slide i, and
overcoming the spring causes it to move into the position at which it is
shown at Figure 3. Before, however, this takes place, the carriage d has
brought the wire head in front of the finger i, so that when the motion of the
slide takes place the finger drives the wire head before it away from-the

page_text: hook d' into the position at which it is shown in Figure 3, and until it is
stopped against the projection on the carriage; during this motion the wire
head is guided by the V on the spring catch ³, and also by the edge of the
carriage plate which is received into the notch 9' in the wire head. The
same motion which transfers the wire head as above described throws back its
point into the position in which it is shown by the dotted lines in Figure 1
which brings it against the magnets m, m, fixed to the frame and which
hold the wire with its point in the proper position to enter the shed when
the carriage d returns, and they retain the wire against their faces, but
allowing it to slide past them until it has entered the shed sufficiently far to
ensure its passing correctly through; h, is a guide loop of wire which directs
the wire as it is thrown back to the magnets m, m, and n is a spring closing
the loop n at the front so that the terry wires may not escape from it, this
spring yields however for the carriage d to pass over it. The magnets m, m,
may be permanent magnets as the Drawing represents, or they may be electro-
magnets, and in this case arrangements may be made so that the machine
may break the contact at the instant when it is desired that the magnets
should liberate the wire. We have found, however, in practice that permanent
magnets work very well so that this precaution is hardly required. As soon
as the carriage & commences its return stroke, the slide i is set free and its
spring brings it back ready for the next operation. After a wire has been
inserted into the fabric, and before the carriage d commences to return, the
wire is held by the threads sufficiently to retain it and to cause the spring
catch to rise as the carriage moves back.
Figure 6 is a plan; Figure 7 an end elevation, and Figure 8 a front view
showing a different method of transferring the wire head from the hook d¹
to the position in which it is held to be reinserted. In other respects the
arrangement is similar to that already described, and the parts are lettered to
correspond with the description already given. In place of the slide i, and
the parts in connection therewith, a lever o is mounted so as to be able to
rotate, partially in a horizontal plane on an upright stud carried by a projection
> from the bracket 6, and a spring coiled around the stud tends constantly to
bring the lever o into the position at which it is shown at Figure 6; Figure 9
is a plan of the carriage band lever o, and shows them full size and in the
positions which they occupy when the carriage is at the outer end of its stroke.
The projection d³ on the carriage has then been brought against one of the arms
of the lever o, and bas turned it partly round, thereby causing the other end
of the lever to move the wire head which was in front of it from the hook d',
to the position in which it is shown at Figure 9 where it is held during its

page_text: reinsertion. When it is desired to produce a cut pile fabric the wires may
have cutters formed at their end so as to enable them to cut the loops formed
upon them as they are drawn out, as is well understood.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, we would have it understood, that what we claim
is,-
First, the general arrangement of the apparatus as represented at
Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the annexed Drawings.
Second, the general arrangement of the apparatus as represented at
Figures 6, 7, 8, and 9 of the annexed Drawings.
Third, the arranging the slide or carriage which carries the withdrawing
hook in such manner that at the outer end of its course it, or a projection or
part in connection with it, may come in contact with and move an instrument
which in moving carries the wire which has just been withdrawn away from
the hook to the position in which it is held to be reinserted into the fabric.
Fourth, the employment of a V-formed or inclined catch on the carriage
working with a corresponding recess in the wire head to clear the head of the
wire from the book and prepare it to be traversed sideways to be reinserted.
Fifthly, the employment of permanent or electro-magnets to hold the wires, .
and guide them as they are inserted into the shed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Jack, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
PETER JACK, JUNR.
(L.S.)