MENTS IN FILTERS
Year: 1884

page_text: I, GEORGE HAYCRAFT of Lyme Regis in the County of Dorsetshire, Cement and
Lime Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FILTERS to be as follows:-
My Invention has reference to the application of the material patented in Patent
No 3906 in the year 1884, or any other filtering material in frames or separate
devisions or receptacles so that the rapidity of filtration of water, sewage or any
other fluid or humid substance may be accelerated to any required degree of
delivery of the filtered fluid.
My Invention is composed primarily of a frame or holder of metal, porcelain or
other suitable material of square, rectangular, circular or other required form having
a dividing rib or projection or groove on its inner surface so as to admit of a slab,
plate or disc of filtering material being securely inserted on each side leaving an
internal space between the plates for the reception of the fluid filtered through the
plates, slabs or discs of filtering material from the general external bulk of
unfiltered fluid or humid material.
In the frame which holds the filtering plates there is inserted a pipe or tube in
such manner that the filtered fluid may be conveyed away by suitable connecting
appliances to any desired place or receptacle: or by which it may be connected
with any other filtering appliance in order to accelerate the speed of filtration.
The accelerators as above described may be used singly and separately or two or
many may be connected together horizontally or vertically or in both directions
combined: or may be used in combination with a filtering floor of similar or other
material. The form of the accelerator may be cylindrical, squaro, rectangular,
triangular or polygonal if required.
It will be seen that by so placing two slabs or plates of filtering material in a
closed frame that all dirt, air, or contaminating gas is excluded from the filtered
fluid and that a very much greater amount of fluid can be filtered through in the
like space of time than would be the case if the bed of the filter formed a floor of a
single layer. The air, dust, dirt, and foul gases being excluded no contamination of
the filtered fluid can take place in the interval after filtration and before delivery.
In order to increase still further the surface area of the plate or slab employed
for filtration and consequently to increase delivery of the filtered fluid the plates,
slabs, or discs, cylinders or polygons may be corrugated, ribbed, indented or raised.

page_text: The filter accelerator as above described is equally serviceable whether applied
singly for ordinary domestic purposes: or with two or more placed in a bucket,
tank or other vessel suitable for the supply of troops: or in larger number for
house cisterns or in still larger and far more extensive combinations such as
would serve for the filtering tanks and reservoirs of Water Companies and
Municipal Water-works for the supply of towns and cities, either with or without
a bed or bottom of similar or other filtering material: or the filters can be employed
for the filtration of sewage.
The system of filtration above described it is clear could be reversed in its action
and the filtration offected from inside to outside of the accelerator: but it would
not be so efficient or convenient, especially in regard to the scrubbing washing
and cleansing of the filters and accelerators which can be far better done externally
than internally.
The detached accelerators as described as my invention also permit of each being
removed, cleaned and replaced and also of any broken or defective ones being
taken away and effective ones put in their places without any disturbance of the
rest of the series or sections.
Where the accelerator is arranged to work under pressure or head of water the
upper tank or reservoir should be at a higher elevation than the receiving tank
and the accelerator should be placed above the receiving tank so that the filtration
may not be impeded.
My Invention therefore essentially consists of an hermetically closed cell
preferably formed by two plates or slabs so put together in a frame or holder
as to form an enclosed interior space into which the filtered fluid can penetrate
through the filtering material of its walls and from which interior space the
filtered fluid is drawn off uncontaminated by a pipe or tube entering into that
space for its delivery: and these hermetically closed cells can be combined in any
numbers and connected by junction pipes or otherwise to form a filtration system
of any required magnitude.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I GEORGE HAYCRAFT of Lyme Regis in the County of Dorset Cement
Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for IMPROVEMENTS
IN FILTERS and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My Invention has reference to an application of the material patented in Patent
No. 3906 in the year 1884 or any other filtering material in frames or seperato
divisions or receptacles so that the rapidity of the filtration of water, sewage, or
other fluid or humid substance may be accelerated to any required degree of
delivery of the filtered fluid.
My Invention is composed primarily of a frame or holder of metal, porcelain, or
other suitable material, of Equare, rectangular, circular, or other required form
having a dividing rib or projection or groove on its inner surface so as to admit of
a slab, plate or disc of filtering material being securely inserted on each side
leaving an internal space between the plates for the reception of the fluid filtered
through the plates slabs or discs of filtering material from the general external
bulk of unfiltered fluid or humid material.
In the frame which holds the filtering plates there is inserted a pipe or tube in
such manner that the filtered fluid may be conveyed away by suitable connecting
appliances to any desired place or receptacle: or by which it may be connected
with any other filtering appliance in order to accelerate the speed of filtration.
The accelerators as above described may be used singly and separately or two or
many may be connected together horizontally or vertically, or in both directions
combined, or may be used in combination with a filtering floor of similar or
other filtering material. The form of the accelerator may be cylindrical, square,
rectangular, triangular or polygonal if required. It will be seen that by so placing
two slabs or plates of filtering material in a closed frame that all dirt, air or
contaminating gas is excluded from the filtered fluid and that a very much greater
amount of fluid can be filtered through in the like space of time than would be the
case if the bed of the filter formed a floor of a single layer.
The air, dust, dirt and foul gases, being excluded no contamination of the filtered
fluid can take place in the interval after filtration and before delivery.
In order to increase still further the surface area of the plate or alab employed
for filtration and consequently to increase delivery of the filtered fluid, the
plates, slabs, or discs, cylinders or polygons, may be corrugated, ribbed, indented
or raised.
The filter accelerator above described is equally serviceable, whether applied
singly for ordinary domestic purposes, or with two or more placed in a bucket,
tank, or other vessel suitable for the supply of troops or in larger numbers for
house Cisterns: or in still larger numbers for more extensive combinations such as
would serve for the filtering tanks and reservoirs of Water Companies, and
Municipal Water Works, or for the supply of Towns and Cities, either with or
without a bed or bottom of similar or other filtering material, or the filters can bo
employed for the filtration of sewage.

page_text: Ine system of filtration above described it is clear could be reversed in its action,
and the filtration effected from inside to outside of the accelerator, but it would not
be so effective or convenient, especially in regard to the scrubbing washing and
cleaning of the Filters and accelerators, which could be far better done externally
than internally.
The detached accelerators as described as my invention, also permitting each
being removed, cleansed and replaced; and also of any broken or defective ones
being taken away and effective ones put in their places without any disturbanco
of the rest of the series or sections.
Where the accelerator is arranged to work under pressure or head of water the
upper tank or reservoir should be at a higher elevation than the receiving tank,
and the accelerator should be placed above the receiving tank so that the filtration
may not be impeded.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1. shews side view of Filter or Accelerator:-AA is the frame: a, a, cement.
B is one of the filter plates or sides. C the internal closed cavity or chamber into
which the filtered fluid is received. D is the exit pipe from the closed chamber for
the filtered fluid. F is the flange for connecting the exit pipe D to the general
conduit or service pipe.
Fig. 2. shows a section of the above:-A A the frame: B, B the two filter plates
or sides of the Filter or Accelerator. D, the exit pipe for the filtered fluid from
the closed chamber C.
Fig. 3 shows a section on half size scale of a Filter or Accelerator of large size
where the frame is composed of three portions bolted together:-A A A the frame
placed sandwich fashion with the filtering plates B B. By the screw bolts 88 the
whole is bolted together tight so as to prevent percolation of fluid at the joints.
C is the central closed chamber D. the exit pipe for the filtered fluid from it.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
(1) A filter or accelerator consisting of a hermetically closed cell formed by two
filtering plates or slabs of any suitable material so put together in a frame or holder
as to form an enclosed interior space into which the filtered fluid can penetrate
only through the filtering material of its walls and from which interior space the
filtered fluid is drawn off uncontaminated by a pipe or tube entering into that
space for its delivery.
(2) And those herinetically closed cells can be combined in any numbers and
connected by junction pipes or otherwise to form a filtration system of any required
magnitude.
Date his all
.
1007