Improved Means for Producing Pictorial Effects upon a Vertical Screen or similar Surface.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd July, 1896
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Apr., 1897-Accepted, 23rd July, 1897
ROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Means for Producing Pictorial Effects upon a Vertical
Screen or similar Surface.
I EUGEN SANDOw of 350 Oxford Road. Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Athlete, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The principal object of this invention is to exhibit a picture of any person or
persons or other figure or object upon a vertical screen or similar surface, so that a
large number of persons seated in a darkened room in front of the said screen or
surface can see the picture the right way up either by transmitted or reflected light
and the person, figure or object can move or be moved if desired, the effect being then
a moving or living" picture.
The invention consists in combining a screen, a lens, and a mirror or reflector in a
special manner, the reflector being placed immediately above the person or persons or
object or objects to be exhibited and reflecting the picture the wrong way up; the
lens is so placed with regard to the reflector and the vertical screen or surface as to
throw the picture from the former upon the latter the right way up.
When the picture is to be seen by transmitted light the sereen or similar surface is
transparent or translucent and fixed vertically or nearly so, in front of the lens which
is preferably inclined slightly from a right angle with regard to the reflector or
mirror, the latter as before stated being fixed immediately above the person or
persons or object or objects to be exhibited; the lens is preferably set so as to receive
the picture reversed by the reflector and throw an enlarged and well focussed image
right way up upon the screen.
When the picture is to be seen by reflected light the person or persons or object
or objects are (by preference) behind the spectators and hidden by a suitable partition
or wall the lens alone supplying light to the screen.
In some cases I may dispense with the reflector and make use of a combination of
two lenses to cause the picture to appear right way up upon the screen.
For this purpose I combine two plano-convex lenses (or one plano-convex and
another suitable lens) set in a suitable tube or the like and adjusted to such a
distance apart as will effect the purpose of throwing an image upon a vertical screen
right way up the rays of light coming directly to the lens nearest to the person or
persons or object or objects to be exhibited.
Dated this 22nd day of July 1896.
GEO. DAVIES & SON,
4, St. Ann's Square, Manchester, Agents for the Applicant.
5 Improved Means for Producing Pictorial Effects upon a Vertical
Screen or similar Surface.
I EUGEN SANDOW, of 350 Oxford Road, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Athlete, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what inauner the same
OJ1

page_text: is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
The principal object of this invention is to exhibit a picture of any person or
persons or other figure or object upon a vertical screen or similar surface, so that a
large number of persons seated in a darkened room in front of the said screen or
surface can see the picture the right way up either by transmitted or reflected light
and the person, figure or object can move or be moved if desired, the effect being
then a moving or "living" picture.
The invention consists in combining a screen, a lens, and a mirror or reflector in a
special mauner, the reflector being placed immediately above the person or persons
or object or objects to be exhibited and reflecting the picture the wrong way up; the
lens is so placed with regard to the reflector and the vertical screen or surface as to
throw the picture from the former upon the latter the right way up.
When the picture is to be seen by transmitted light the screen or similar surface
is transparent or translucent, and fixed vertically or nearly so, in front of the lens
which is preferably inclined slightly from a right angle with regard to the reflector
or mirror, the latter as before stated being fixed immediately above the person or
persons or object or objects to be exhibited; the lens is preferably set so as to receive
the picture reversed by the reflector and throw an enlarged and well focussed image
right way up upon the screen.
When the picture is to be seen by reflected light the person or persons or object or
objects are (by preference) bebind the spectators and hidden by a suitable partition
or wall the lens alone supplying light to the screen.
In some cases I may dispense with the reflector and make use of a combination of
two lenses or a prism and a lens to cause the picture to appear right way up upon the
screen.
For this purpose I combine two plano-convex lenses (or one plano-convex and
another suitable lens) or a lens and a prism, set in a suitable tube or the like and
adjusted to such a distance apart as will effect the purpose of throwing an image
upon a vertical screen right way up, the rays of light coming directly to the lens
nearest to the person or persons or object or objects to be exhibited. In the case of
a lens and a prism the latter is the nearer to the person or object to be exhibited,
and as a large prism will be required for the purpose I propose to uce a hollow prism
of glass filled with water or other suitable liquid,
The accompanying diagrams will illustrate clearly the invention.
Fig. 1 shews the application of a plano-convex lens a reversing the inage from the
object, shown by the arrow A, the lens a reversing it again and enlarging it right
side up on the screen b as indicated at A¹.
Fig. 2 shews the image from A reversed upon a mirror the lens al reversing it.
and enlarging it right side up as before described.
Fig. 3 shews the image from A reversed first by a prism a³ the lens al throwing it
right side up on the screen b as before described.
Fig. shews the adaptation of my invention to the exhibition of an object (say the
head and shoulders of a man) upon a translucent screen.
The man stands in a brilliantly lighted room R in the wall of which is fitted a
suitable lens to receive the image of his head and shoulders, and project it upon a
screen b fixed at the required distance from the wall r in an adjoining room R¹ which
must be darkened. The spectators may be in the same room (or in a separate
darkened room R2 as shewn) at the other side of the screen b which as before stated
is in the case illustrated, translucent; but any one in the room R¹ can also of course
see the image on the screen 6 by reflected light.
The lens a' may take the image of the mans head and shoulders inverted from the
mirror a² as shewn on Figs. 2 and 4, but it will be evident without further illustration
that the image may be taken inverted from another lens as illustrated by Fig. 1 or
from a prism as seen at Fig. 3.
It will be of course understood that the distance from the lens a¹ to the object and
to the screen will vary according to the amount of enlargement required and the

page_text: focus of the lens, and that the size of the lens or lenses or prism will vary as required,
as will be evident to any one who is acquainted with optical instruments.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
The combination with a vertical or almost vertical screen, of a reflector, prism, or
lens, and a second lens in such a manner as to throw an enlarged image of any person
or thing right way up on the said screen, substantially as and for the purposes
hereinbefore described.
GEO. DAVIES & SON,
4, St. Ann's Square, Manchester, Agents for the Applicant.