Improvements in Boring Machines, their Bits or Drills, the Sections of Steel used, and the Manner of Making them.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application. 29th Apr., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 22nd Nov., 1892-Accepted, 31st Dec., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Boring Machines, their Bits or Drills, the Sections
of Steel used, and the Manner of Making them.
I, GEORGE WILLIAM ELLIOTT, of Meersbrook Park Road Heeley, Sheffield,
n the County of York, Mining and Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Improvements in boring machines used in drilling rock, coal and other materials,
the bits or drills used in them, and in the manner of making them. The first part
of this invention consists in having a main screw (for propelling the drill into the
material) passing through a split or solid nut, which is provided with suitable
attachments to the standard of the machine used for fixing it in a tunnel or the
workings of a mine. A sleeve or socket (provided with one or more ratchet wheels
and handles for turning it, and with a socket of required shape to fit the bit or
drill so that one cannot revolve without the other) is fitted on one end of the main
screw, but in such a manner that the said sleeve can turn freely upon it. It is
also provided with an arrangement for regulating this freedom of movement to any
desired extent, therefore the main screw can be made to revolve with or without
the socket or sleeve as the conditions of boring may determine.
By this arrangement the drill is made to rotate with the socket by a ratchet
wheel and handle, the force required to turn the main screw (and so actuate the
feed) being regulated by the adjustable arrangement provided for the purpose, thus
it only turns and advances through the nut when the regulated force enables it to
do so, but when the pressure on the nut causes the friction between it and the main
screw to exceed the adjusted driving force, the said screw ceases to rotate and the
drill revolves without it. By this method the rate of progression of the drill into
the material is regulated by the pressure brought to bear upon it, the main screw
and the nut, thereby giving an automatic feed which can be regulated as desired.
When a split nut is used it may be attached to the standard by trunnions projecting
from opposite sides of said nut and made to rest in notches or similar contrivance
on the edges of the standard as already in use, or by having a hole or holes through
a part of said nut and side of standard and passing a peg or bolt through the same.
Where a solid nut is used it is imperative to have a simple and ready means of
releasing the nut from the standard while the pressure from the drill is still on it.
To enable me to do this in an expeditious manner I make the nut with a notch in
it large enough to allow it to pass over the beforementioned peg in the standard
and deep enough to allow of a bolt being passed across the mouth of the notch,
thus preventing the nut coming off the peg until the said bolt is withdrawn.
By another method of attaching the nut to the standard I provide one side of the
nut with two projections (slightly hooked in the direction of each other) the inter-
vening space allowing the peg on the standard to pass between them.
In this instance the peg is constructed with a handle (fixed at right angles to
that portion which is between the sides of standard) that part of the peg which is
between standard sides being of an elongated section, the wider portion of which is
of sufficient width to fill the space at the base of the beforementioned hooked pro-
jections, and the narrow part or edge of size sufficient to pass between the points of
projections.
Each end of the peg which passes through the standard sides is of circular section
to enable the same to partially rotate. To secure the nut in position the hooked
projections are passed over the elongated portion of peg (the peg being turned with
its narrow edge in the direction of the projecting points). By means of the handle
the peg is turned round a quarter of a circle, bringing the wider part of the
..

page_text: elongated portion of the peg into, and filling up, the widest space between the pro-
jections, thus holding the nut firmly in position. To release the nut from the peg
the handle merely requires one quarter turn the reverse way.
To obtain a similar result by other means I provide the nut on one side with a
projection, to which is attached, by a hinged joint, a short bent lever, and which
is closed under the peg when the nut rests upon it, and secured in position by a
catch, ring or other suitable means, attached to the other end of projection on nut.
A notch in this projection is provided for the peg to rest in.
To release the nut from the peg, the catch or ring is slipped off the end of the
bent lever, when it flies back off the peg.
Part of this invention relating to an improved method of constructing boring
machines for which special standards are not provided, consists of an improved
arrangement of an adjustable feed (already patented by me) & No. 13007,
A.D. 1885 and making the machines with one or more removable ratchet handles,
which are constructed so that they may be removed as required, thus rendering
the fixing and transporting of machines much easier and convenient. These handles
are made of suitable shape to hook on over the ratchet wheels, and provided with
proper mechanical arrangement to prevent their coming off when in use, until
released. One end of the machine is supplied with a rocking claw to facilitate its
fixture in position, and at the same time prevent a portion of the adjustable feed
arrangement revolving with the drill, when said feed arrangement is fitted to the
same end of the machine as that to which the rocking claw is attached. For this
class of machine also the feed arrangement (as above described for machines where
standards are used) can be applied and in lieu of the standard, a tube or equivalent
arrangement being attached to the nut on the main screw, and extending beyond
its extremity, and the rocking claw already mentioned attached to the end of the
same.
With regard to that part of my invention which relates to bits or drills and the
sections of steel used, I cause the same to be rolled the section I prefer, which
section may be indicated by forming a circle, intersected on opposite sides by
segments of circles, the axis of which are placed within, on, or without, (as may be
requisite) the periphery of the before mentioned circle, thus leaving a section of
steel having the lesser thickness at the major axis, and a greater thickness at the
periphery. The grooves formed or indicated by these intersections are rolled the
full length of a bar of steel of this section, in a parallel and straight direction, and
afterwards the bar is twisted, or not, to the required angle of spiral. After being
cut off the required length the end is forged or otherwise manipulated to suit the
socket, the cutting edges being ground as found necessary.
In tools or drills of other types it may be found advantageous in some instances,
to adopt a section of steel somewhat resembling the letter S and which I also cause
to be rolled to the section required and afterwards twisted, or not, as desired or
otherwise prepared for use. These sections are also applicable to drills used in
boring holes by percussion, instead of a rotary motion. One form of drill (designed
to be used in enlarging, recessing or chambering the end or any portion of a hole)
I make by attaching to the end of a drill or other suitable tool, by a hinged or
other approved mechanical joint, one or more cutters of the required shape and size,
which when closed will freely enter the parallel hole already made, but, which, on
being pressed or coming in contact with the end of hole (or if necessary against a
stop provided) separate or open out, and as the said cutter or cutters rotate and
form a chamber or recess, finally assume a position at or about right angles with
the parallel hole. As soon as the pressure is relieved and the tool in process of
withdrawal the cutters resume their original position in line with the drill. By
using a tool of this description more efficient results are obtained in blasting and
similar operations than by utilizing a parallel hole. In some tools or drills instead
of having the cutters attached by hinge or similar means I cause the tool carrying
the cutters to be made of a tubular or other suitable section, in one or more parts,
and force the cutters (which project when in actual use) beyond the periphery of

page_text: the tool to the desired extent, actuating the same by a screw, wedge, cone or other
suitable arrangement. These tools or drills are specially applicable to the purpose
of enlarging, recessing or chambering holes in coal, masonry or any other material
where enlarged or recessed holes are an advantage or necessity.
Dated this Twenty-seventh day of April 1892.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Boring Machines, their Bits or Drills, the Sections
of Steel used, and the Manner of Making them.
I, GEORGE WILLIAM ELLIOTT of Meersbrook Park Road, Heeley Sheffield, in
the County of York, Mining and Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object and aim of this invention being to provide among other improvements,
boring machines with an adjustable and automatic feed, it will be seen how I attain
that result by referring to the accompanying sheets of drawings.
The same letters of reference apply to similar parts of the various figures.
Fig. 1 Sheet 1, shews an elevation (partially sectional) of a boring machine
or tool with my adjustable feed, having a split nut, and two (if necessary)
removeable ratchet handles and wheels. It consists in having a main screw A, (for
the purpose of propelling the drill into the material) which passes through a nut B,
and which is provided with trunnions C, to attach same to standards of machine,
used for fixing it in a tunnel or the workings of a mine. This nut, or more properly
termed nut casing, is provided with an inner split nut B1 and B', which can be
actuated or operated by the thumb screw D, so that when the said screw is forced
home, the halves of the split nut B and B are clear of the thread of the main
screw A, the extent of the said movement being regulated by the set screw D', or
similar means. The end of the mainscrew A. I turn down as shewn to the requisite
diameter, forming a neck E, and collar e also projection E¹, on which I slide or
place a sleeve or socket F, which is provided with one or more (as desired) ratchet
wheels F, and removeable handles F for turning it, and with a socket G of
suitable size and shape in one end to fit the bit or drill to be used. The other end
of the sleeve or socket F, is formed with a jaw H, of required size and shape, and
between this jaw H, and the neck E formed on the end of the mainscrew AI place
suitable clips or gluts H, and secure the same in position by a screw or bolt J, on
the lower side and an adjustable gib and thumb screw J¹ on the top side.
When it is required to advance the drill into the material being operated upon,
the thumb screw J' is tightened, until the friction on the neck E, is just sufficient
to transmit the power exerted by the said ratchet wheels and handles on the
sleeve F, to the main screw A, thus causing it to advance through the nut and
casing B. By this arrangement the main screw A only turns and advances through
the nut B when the regulated force enables it to do so, but when the pressure on
the nut B causes the friction between it, and the main screw A, to exceed the
adjusted driving force (transmitted from sleeve F by means of the clips or gluts H¹,
and screw J') the said main screw A ceases to rotate and therefore advance through
uut, and the drill and sleeve revolve without it. It will thus be seen that the rate
of progression of the drill into the material is regulated by the pressure brought to
bear upon it, the main screw A, and the nut, and thereby giving an automatic feed
which can be regulated as desired. When the split uut B is used it may be
attached to the standard by the trunnions C, projecting from opposite sides of nut
casing B, and made to rest in notches or similar contrivance on the edges of the
standard Z, as already in use, or as shewn by Fig. 1 Sheet 2, by having a hole or
holes C¹ through a part of said nut or casing B and side of standard Z, and passing
a peg or bolt through the same.

page_text: Fig. 2, Sheet 1, is a side view of ratchet handle F having a moveable lower
jaw K, sliding in, and secured to, the jaw F of ratchet handle the jaw K being
held up in position when in use by means of a spring L. It is also provided with a
pawl M and a spring M¹.
Figures 3 and 4 Sheet 1, are cross sections through the feed adjuster H, and
main screw nut B, respectively.
That part of my invention relating to an improved method of constructing boring
machines for which special standards are not provided see Fig. 5, Sheet 1, consists
cf an improved arrangement of an adjustable feed (for which Letters Patent have
been already granted to me and numbered 13007, and dated October 29th 1885)
and making the machines with one or more removeable ratchet handles, constructed
ns before described so that they may be removed when required, thus rendering the
fixing and transporting of machines much easier and convenient.
Fig. 6, Sheet 1, shews the ratchet handles and details, with the lower jaw Kin
its open position and removed from ratchet wheel.
One end of the machine is supplied with a rocking claw N, to facilitate its fixture
in position and at the same time prevent a portion N¹, of the adjustable feed
arrangement revolving with the drill when said feed arrangement is fitted to the
same end of the machine as that to which the rocking claw N is attached.
For this class of machine also the feed arrangement (as before described for
muchines where standards are used) can be applied, and in lieu of the standard Z, a
tube O or an equivalent arrangement, being attached to the nut P, on the main
screw A and extending beyond its extremity, and the rocking claw N, together
with the automatic feed adjusting arrangement attached to the end of the same.
Fig. 7, Sheet 1, is a plan of the claw end of Fig. 5 Sheet 1.
Figures 8, 9 and 10, are respectively longitudinal section, plan and cross section
of a modification of claw end of machine.
Where a solid nut is used it is imperative to have a simple and ready means of
releasing the said nut from the standard while the pressure from the drill is still on it.
To enable me to do this in an expeditious manner it will be seen by referring to
Fig. 2, Sheet 2, that by one method I provide the nut with two projections P¹
and P, slightly hooked in the direction of each other, the intervening space
allowing a peg on or in standard Z to pass between them. In adopting this
method the peg is constructed see Fig. 3, Sheet 2, with a handle Q, fixed at or
about right angles to that portion R, which is between the sides of standard Z,
which said portion R, being of an elongated section, the wider portion of which is
of sufficient size to fill the space at the base of the before-mentioned hooked
projections P1 and P, and the narrow part or edge of size sufficient to pass
between points of said projections. Each end of the peg which. passes through the
standard Z sides is of circular section S to enable the same to rotate, To secure
the nut in position the hooked projections P' and P² are passed over the elongated
portion, R of the peg, the peg being turned with its narrow edge in the direction
of the points P1 and P. By means of the handle Q, the peg R is turned round
a quarter of a circle, thus bringing the wider part of the elongated peg R into and
filling up, the widest space between the projections and thus holding the nut
firmly in position. To release the nut, the handle Q, mercly requires a quarter
turn the reverse way. By another method Fig. 4, Sheet 2, I make the nut with a
projecting part T, on one side having a notch T' in it large enough to allow it to
pass over a peg or bolt in the standard, across the mouth of the notch T¹, I form
a spring bolt U, or similar appliance, thus preventing the nut coming off the peg
until the said bolt U, is withdrawn.
I obtain a similar result see Fig. 5, Sheet 2, by providing the nut on one side
with a projecting portion T, having a notch T¹; to this projection I attach a hinged
lever V, which is closed under the peg when the nut rests upon it, and secured in
position by a ring V₁, or other suitable catch attached to the other end of
projection on nut. To release the nut, catch or ring V₁ is slipped over the end of
the bent lever V, when it flies back off the peg, leaving the nut free.

page_text: Regarding that part of my invention relating to bits and drills, by referring to
Figures 6 and 7 Sheet 2, it will be ascertained that one form of drill, designed to
be used in recessing, chambering, or enlarging the end or any portion of a hole,
I make, by attaching to the end of a drill or other suitable tool, by a hinged or
other approved mechanical joint, one or more cutters W and W', of the requisito
shape and size, which, when closed (Fig. 6 Sheet 2) will freely enter the parallel
hole already made, but which on being pressed, or coming in contact with the end
of the hole, or if necessary, against a stop provided, separate or open out, and as
the said cutter or cutters W and W, rotate and form a chamber or recess, finally
assume a position at or about right angles with the parallel hole (see Fig. 7,
Sheet 2). As soon as the pressure is released and the tool in process of with-
drawal, the cutters W and W' resume their original position in line with the drill.
By useing a tool of this description, more efficient and satisfactory results are
obtained in blasting and similar operations, than by utilizing a parallel hole.
That part of my invention relating to the sections of steel used in the making of
bits and drills, I cause the same to be rolled the section I prefer, which section is
illustrated by Fig. 9, Sheet 2, and may be indicated by forming a circle, intersected
on opposite sides by segments of circles, the axis of which are placed within, on,
or without, as may be determined upon, the periphery of the beforementioned
circle, thus leaving a section of steel having the lesser thickness X at the major
axis, and a greater thickness X' at the periphery. The grooves formed or
indicated by these intersections are rolled the full length of the bar of steel of this
section, and in a parallel and straight direction, and afterwards twisted or not, to
the required spiral.
After being cut off the requisite length the end is forged or otherwise manipu-
lated, to suit the socket, the cutting edges being ground as found necessary. In
tools or drills of other types, it may be found an advantage in some instances to
adopt a section of steel somewhat resembling the letter S, and illustrated by
Fig. 8, Sheet 2, and which section I also cause to be rolled the section required,
and afterwards formed as desired or otherwise prepared for use.
The above described sections are also applicable to drills used in boring by
percussion in addition to a rotary motion.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is;
1st. The use of boring machines constructed as generally shewn and described
herein.
2nd. The use of boring machines having an automatic adjusting feed, as herein
described and illustrated.
3rd. The use of removeable ratchet handles as herein described and illustrated.
4th. The devices, and use of the same, as shewn by Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5, Sheet 2,
for the purpose of attaching solid or split nuts to standard.
5th. The use of the automatic feed shewn, in combination with removeable
ratchet handles, a split, or solid nut, as described and shewn on drawings.
6th. The use of the improved automatic feed, and its combinations herein
described and shewn by illustrations Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10, Sheet 1.
7th. The device shewn by Figures 6 and 7 Sheet 2, for enlarging or chambering
out the end or any portion of a hole.
8th. The use and adaptation of sections of steel as herein described and shewn by
Fig. 8 and 9 Sheet 2.
9th. The combination of any of the parts or any portions, herein described and
illustrated.
Dated this Twenty-first day of November 1892.
G. W. ELLIOTT.