Improvements in Lead Casting and Lead Burning Tools, Lead Casting Moulds, and Apparatus or Tools connected therewith.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 31st July, 1889
Complete Specification Left, 30th Apr., 1890-Accepted, 26th July, 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Lead Casting and Lead Burning Tools, Lead Casting
Moulds, and Apparatus or Tools connected therewith.
I, PULLIP JOHN DAVIES of 78 Earls Court Road Kensington in the County of
Middlesex Hydraulic Engineer Professional Lead Burner and Caster do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Improvements in lead casting and lead burning tools, and lead casting moulds and
apparatus or tools connected therewith, such for example as casting lead closet
boxes lead pumps with head and barrel or spouts, in one or two pieces-lead
cisterns and lead storage batteries, lead supply arms, syphons or overflows, and traps
and boxes for water closets &c. soil pipe sockets, cones and cone lips for traps
and cone junctions, stays for tanks &c. which are part improvements on my
Patent 14460, 1887 &c.
This invention chiefly relates to the description of lead casting in chill moulds and
the moulds used in the work generally, and apparatus for facilitating the burning
and joining the ends or edges of lead together with the aerohydrogen blowpipe, and
the forming and fixing of stays for keeping the lead in its place or position, or for
strengthening the same, and is especially useful for staying or supporting the sides
and tops of electric storage batteries, and consists of the following arrangements:-
My mould for making the bent and other lead supply arms, and overflow arms
for valve closets is made with one mounted or fixed core jointed at the bend, so as to
partially form the bend, elbow or knuckle joint. The joint of this mould is so
constructed that on lifting the body of the mould off the main core, the other part
of the core will readily leave and come away in the outer casing of the mould.
Sometimes I make the above recited supply arms or overflow pipes with double
sockets for holding the joint, when putty is used for making good the joint to the
arm of the closet basin, especially where putty joints bound with rags &c. or rubber
cones are objected to.
Sometimes I make the supply arm and everflow pipes straight; viz. without the
bend or elbow, and at times I form on the ends of these bent or straight supply and
overflow arms, a flange or union or cone shaped end and cast a nut in lead or other
suitable metal to screw the before mentioned pipes to the arm or arms of the basin
which I also screw with a coarse thread or otherwise fix a threaded nipple or its
equivalent to attach my supply arms or overflow pipes to the basins, which are
generally of earthenware. By turning or otherwise fixing two of the before recited
bends together, it forms a cheap and useful syphon, especially suitable for waste
preventers.
My pump mould consists of one mounted or fixed core for the head and barrel.
The core for the head and barrel is preferred in one piece bolted upon a bed plate;
whilst the outer part is in two main pieces, but with a movable front having the
core for the spout fitted thereto.
My mould for casting lead stink traps for overflow to valve closets, and without
cap and screw is preferably made with one fixed or mounted core with jointed
draw cores preferably in the least number of pieces, which can be readily handled.
This mould has four pieces: one middle or main piece to form the bottom part of
the outlet: one piece preferably dovetailed on to the main piece and which forms the
neck part of the dip, also the upper part of the outlet, and two side pieces to form
the sides of the outlet. These four pieces can be extended to 5. 6. 7 or more pieces,
but they require to be well fitted and keyed together, which I prefer to do by simply
boring a hole through the two side pieces and the main draw core, and fitting a pin
thereto, which with the assistance of the outer part of the mould, and the main core,
the whole forms, very simply one solid piece, which cannot get out of order so readily
as trap moulds heretofore made.

page_text: My mould for casting traps suitable for valve closet overflow traps, with cap and
screw, is preferably made with two fixed or mounted cores, upon a plate or bed,
which are so arranged that the outer part of the mould and the casting can be readily
Jifted by levers &c. off the main core or cores. The throat neck or U bend part
of the trap is formed with a draw core, preferably in one piece which forms the
cap hole, and also holds the brass ring during the pouring of the lead. I sometimes
form a seating in the outer leg for a ball valve to rest ou.
The outlet part of this trap is formed with a draw core, by preference in two
pieces, so as to form an easy outlet, but a solid piece will answer and a square outlet
will suffice. The top part of the trap on the outlet side is cast with the top open
and is afterwards filled up with a blank and then burnt or soldered together; this
blank is preferably fitted into a groove or rebated part suitable for easy burning and
fitting together, of course the brass cleansing cap can be screwed together in the
ordinary way, or, if preferred fitted with small lugs and screws.
At times I make the core on the inlet ends of these valve closet overflow traps with
set offs to form socketed inlets on to the casting, so as to receive the arm of the
basin, and provide the disc part mould with a small countersunk point which (in the
trap effect) splits the water and prevents or checks momenta and syphonage. Such
a mould will answer to make traps with or without the flanges by stopping up the
flange parts.
My mould for forming sink or lavatory traps is made with one, or at other times,
two, fixed or mounted cores; or at other times with one fixed core and one movable
core. For sinks, such as scullery sinks, butlers pantry, or housemaids sinks I
generally make the mould for forming the inlet with a sharp taper, say the inlet part
is long 1" at the bottom or neck part of the trap, and the inlet or the mouth
part 4" this enables the plumber to fix a large grating without having to put on a
separate cone. For butlers pantry sinks and such like I form in the trap mould a
recess and projection which forms a valve seating in the inlet of the trap, in order
that the sink may be filled with water (as in my cone sink traps for which Letters
Patent were granted to me and dated 24th October 1887 No. 14460, sec Figs. 9. 10.
11 12 13 and 14) and emptied at pleasure; and if necessary I form recesses &c. in
the mould to cast the trap with the suitable lugs for holding the gratings as in the
before recited Patent and shown at DG. J. &c. Or of course these lugs may be
fixed as described in my before recited Patent.
I have now to further proceed with the description of this mould. The bottom
part of this trap is preferably about 1" to 2" diameter, which I partially form with
the two before mentioned cores and with a simple draw core, preferably in one piece;
which I make to form the centre or thereabout of the neck of the trap. It also
when required forms cleansing or eddy ribs, and which draw core when required
serves to hold the cleansing screw cap ring in its place during the pouring of the
casting; it also answers as a cleansing hole in the bottom of the trap.
The core for forming the outer part of this trap (not the outlet) is of a peculiar
shape, but for small P traps preferably in one piece, and at times in shape, it is
something like the back part of a mans leg, from the knee to the ankle; having the
outlet of the trap where the calf should be. Round the top part of the trap core,
and also on the external parts of the mould I form a recess, rebate, groove, moulding,
or ridge to form a suitable recess &c. for the top part of the trap to drop into or to
readily and easily fix the top thereon: also for very easy burning, or soldering. The
outlet of this trap is formed preferably with a draw core in one or more pieces, which
may be fixed at any angle to suit the making of a P, half S. threequarter S, or
Strap. The lavatory trap mould is made as the before described but without the
cone inlet.
The back part viz. between the inlet and outlet I prefer to make flat, with easy
angles but of course it may be of any desired shape, but I prefer to form it with flat
back, webbed, with sides somewhat round or circular at the dip part and gradually
inclining from the round into a plane; but the under part, on the outlet side, especially
in P traps is nearly always round or rounded up to near, or even quite up to the

page_text: branch or outlet part of the trap which is round, but of course may be of any desired
shape. Sometimes it is preferable to make this closet trap as follows: with flat or
straight dip, flat back, rounded front gradually losing its roundness and terminating
into a straight line at the inner part of the outlet pipe which again comes gradually
into a round pipe.
The moulds for making traps for fixing below closets are necessarily much larger
than the before recited moulds, and closet traps are not often required with cleansing
caps, therefore the mould will at times require additional small pieces to form the
core at the neck part and also at times at the outlet. Such core pièces can be readily
taken through the core hole in the top of the trap.
But one of the main principles of these moulds is their fixed main core or cores
in one or two or more pieces;--in this preferably two-with the above small pieces.
The inlet is, say for a full sized valve closet trunk 41" tapering down to 4" or even 3"
preferably 4". The outlet side of the trap is preferably the shape of the sink trap
before described, but may have a flat band or front, from the bottom up to the outlet
branch pipe. The sides and back I also prefer to make as before described and round
the top I also form the before mentioned groove &c. which is important for the
forming of a rebate &c. for easy putting the trap together which is a main
characteristic of my invention in trap moulds.
The core for forming the outlet, is somewhat different in these larger sized traps
and are preferably formed as follows: On the calf part of what I have called the
leg of the trap I form or fix on by preference a dove tailed core, and to this I fit a
suitable core to form the outlet of the trap; by so doing I am enabled to form a
Hat band into a circular: or an easy outgo, on the trap with a suitable shaped pipe or
branch of a good length to wipe a joint on-at the same time maintaining great
simplicity in my cores. The core fittings at the throat or neck part of the trap is
preferably in four pieces; two side pieces, a piece at the bottom, and one piece for the
centre of the throat. This last piece is preferably fitted in such a manner that it
cannot come away from the main core, yet it allows the casting to come very readily
off the main cores when the other pieces fall out. Thus I can keep a full flat arched
yet rounded way through the trap which is important.
With the improved moulds I can cast traps of a much better quality with half the
labor and at double the speed than heretofore. I can also cast a 4" full sized 3 lbs.
or a 4 lbs. trap without blemish which has been an impossibility before. The mould
for casting the lip of lip traps I make with a groove to form a bead preferably
square, so that the necessary lead for burning the lip on to the trap is provided when
casting the lip, and I burn on the lips instead of soldering as heretofore.
My lead junction core mould I make by preference with one fixed core, and in
such a manner that the side can be poured without having to pour it on the core, and
which enables me to get a much cleaner and sounder casting than heretofore. I also
make a cone junction mould to produce a double cone junction, viz. a cone junction.
with two arms or branches.
Also a cone junction body mould with single or double branch holes; or a cone,
junction body, with socket and astragals, without the mould forming the branch, or
hole; so that a plumber may use any sized pipes therewith and in any position.
I also burn on the cone junction body to any suitable length of pipe, and make the
same to all suitable lengths and angles without the necessity of bending them after
they are made.
The mould for forming these cone junctions, or cone junction bodies, are sometimes
fitted with jointed cores for making the joint of the shape known as plumbers joints,
but lighter than heretofore.
In casting lead tanks, cisterns, especially electric storage batteries, water waste
preventive cisterns and the like, I use a fix or mounted mould with movable sides and
ends, preferably with open top for forming the bottom & safe part of the tank,
ristern &c., and preferably form runners at the angles or other parts of the mould so
that the lead can be poured into the mould and made to run without pouring it upon
any part of the Hat surface or core. My mould can when required be lengthened or

page_text: made wider to suit different sized tanks. For these tanks I form a mould, moulding
or stay to give great strength to the top part of the tank part wood & lead.
My improvement in lead burning apparatus especially used in the before mentioned
work &c. consist in making the regulating cocks with a screw regulating valve or
valves preferably tapering for easy regulating the gas or wind.
I connect the shut off cocks with a suitable connecting quadrant having cogs &c.
The blower used in connection with this work &c. I construct so as to work by
water on the principle of the Trompe or by causing water to run through a regulator
into a reservoir so as to displace necessary air, and which I regulate so that the
pressure or supply of water will suit the desired work.
My lead burning machine I lag or stay with wood slats which keeps the machine
in shape and gives great strength. Also prevents it getting injured during
transit.
'FOOT ÂME TO AD iste du nätzt
10
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Lead Casting and Lead Burning Tools, Lead Casting
Moulds, and Apparatus or Tools connected therewith.
I, PHILIP JOHN DAVIES, of 78 Earls Court Road, Kensington, in the County of
Middlesex, Hydraulic Engineer, Professional Lead Burner, and Caster, do hereby
declare the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement;
The object of my invention is to effect improvements in Lead Casting, and Lead
Burning Tools, and Lead Casting Moulds, and Apparatus, and Tools connected there-
with, such for example as casting lead closet boxes, lead pumps with head and barrel
or spouts, in one or two pieces, lead cisterns and lead storage batteries, lead supply
arms, syphons, or overflows and traps for water closets &c., soil pipe sockets, cones
or cone lips for traps, and cone junctions, stays for tanks &c., some parts of which
consist of improvements on my former Patent 14460 1887.
This Invention chiefly relates to the description of lead casting in chill moulds, and
the moulds generally used in the work and apparatus for facilitating the burning and
joining the ends or edges of the traps and stays or trays of tanks or other edges of
lead together by means of the aerohydrogen blow pipe, and the forming and fixing
of stays for keeping the lead in its place or position or for strengthening the same,
the invention being especially useful for staying or supporting the sides.
ends and tops of electric storage batteries, and consists of the following arrange-
ments;-
.
The mould for making the bent and other lead supply arms, and overflow arms for
valve closets, is made with one mounted or fixed core, jointed at the bend so as to form
part of the bend, elbow or knuckle joint. The joint of this mould is so constructed
that on lifting the body of the mould off the main core, the other part of the core will
readily leave and come away in the outer casing of the mould.
Sometimes I make the above mentioned moulds, for making supply arms or
overflow pipes, with double sockets for holding the joints, when putty is used for
making good the joint to the arm of the closet basin, especially where putty joints
bound with rag &c. or rubber cones are objected to.
Sometimes I make the mould for making the supply arm and overflow pipes
straight. that is to say, without the bend or elbow.
At other times I form on the ends of these bent or straight supply and overflow
arms, a flange or union or cone shaped end, and cast a nut in lead or other suitable
metal to screw the before mentioned pipes to the arm or arms of the basin, which I
also screw with a coarse thread, or otherwise fix a threaded nipple, or its equivalent,
to attach my supply arms or overflow pipes to the basins, which are generally of

page_text: earthenware. By burning or otherwise fixing two of the bends together it forms a
cheap and useful syphon for waste preventers.
My improved pump mould consists of one mounted or fixed core for the head and
barrel. This core I prefer to make in one piece, bolted upon a bed plate, whilst the
outer part is in two main pieces, but with a moveable front, having the core for the
spout fitted thereto.
My improved mould for casting lead stink traps and overflows to valve closets and
without cap and screw, is preferably made with one fixed or mounted core, with
jointed draw cores, preferably with the least number of pieces, and which can be
readily handled. The mould has 4 pieces, one middle or main piece forms the bottom
part of the outlet, one piece (preferably dovetailed on to the main piece) forms the
neck part of the dip, and also the upper part of the outlet, and two side pieces to
form the sides of the outlet. These + pieces can be extended to 5, 6, 7 or more pieces,
but they require to be well fitted and keyed together, which I prefer to do by simply
boring a hole through the two side pieces and the main draw core, and fitting a pin
thereto, which, with the assistance of the outer part of the mould, and the main core,
forms simply one solid piece, which cannot get out of order so readily as trap moulds
heretofore made.
My improved mould for casting traps suitable for valve closet overflow traps, with
cap and screw, is preferably made with two fixed or mounted cores, upon a plate or
bed, which are so arranged that the outer part of the mould and the casting can be
readily lifted by levers &c. off the main core or cores. The throat, neck or U bend
part of the trap is formed with a draw core, preferably in one piece, which forms the
cap hole, and also holds the brass ring during the pouring of the lead. I sometimes
form a seating in the outer leg for a ball valve to rest upon. The outlet part of this
trap is formed with a draw core, by preference in two pieces, so as to form an easy
outlet, but a solid piece will answer if a square outlet will suffice.
The top part of the trap on the outlet side is cast with the top open, and is after-
wards filled up with a blank, and then burnt or soldered together, this blank is
preferably fitted into a groove or rabbeted part, suitable for easy burning and fitting
together. Of course the brass cleansing cap can be screwed together in the ordinary
way, or if preferred fitted with small lugs and screws.
I sometimes make the core on the inlet ends of these valve closets overflow traps,
with set offs to form a socketed inlet on the casting, so as to receive the arm of the
basin, and provide the disc mould with a small counter sunk point, the effect of which
(in the trap) splits the current of water and prevents or checks momentum and
syphon action. Such a mould will answer to make traps with or without the flanges,
by stopping up the flange parts.
My improved mould for forming sink or lavatory traps is sometimes made with one,
and at other times with two fixed or mounted cores, or with one fixed core and one
moveable core.
For sinks, such as scullery sinks, butlers pantry, or housemaid's sinks I generally
make the mould for forming the inlet with a sharp taper, say, the inlet part may
be 7 inches long, and 14 inches at the bottom, or neck part of the trap, and the inlet
or mouth part 4 inches. This enables the plumber to fix a large grating without
having to put on a separate cone. For butlers pantry sinks and such like I form in
the trap mould a recess and projection, which forms a valve seating in the inlet of the
trap, in order that the sink may be filled with water as described in relation to my
cone sink traps, for which Letters Patent were granted to me dated 24th October
1887 No. 14,460), (see Figs. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13 and 14) and emptied at pleasure.
Where necessary I form recesses &c. in the mould to cast the trap with the suitable
lugs for holding the gratings as shewn in the same Patent at D. G. J. &c. These
lugs may however be fixed as described in the same Patent. Proceeding further with
the description of this mould. The bottom part of the trap is preferably about
1 inches to 2 inches diameter, which I partially form with the two (before
mentioned) cores, and with a simple draw core, preferably in one piece, which I make
to form the centre, or thereabouts, of the neck of the trap. It also, when required,

page_text: forms cleansing or eddy ribs, and which draw core when required serves to hold the
cleansing screw cap ring in its place, during the pouring of the metal. It also answers
as a cleansing hole in the bottom of the trap.
The core for forming the outer part of this trap (but not the outlet) is of a
peculiar shape, but for small P traps preferably in one piece, and its shape is some-
thing like the back part of a mans leg, from the knee to the ankle, having the outlet
of the trap where the calf should be. Round the top part of the trap core, and also
on the external parts of the mould, I form a recess, rabbet, groove, moulding, or
ridge, to form a suitable recess for the top part of the trap to drop into, or to readily
and easily fix the top thereon, also for very easy burning or soldering. The outlet
of this trap is preferably formed with a draw core in one or more piece or pieces
which may be fixed at any angle to suit the making of a P, half S, three quarter S.
or Strap. The lavatory trap mould is made as before described but without the
cone inlet.
The back part, videlicet, between the inlet and outlet, I prefer to make flat, with
easy angles, but of course it may be of any desired shape, I prefer however to form
it with a flat back, webbed, with sides somewhat round or circular at the dip part and
gradually inclining from the round into a plane, but the under part, on the outlet side
(especially in P traps) is nearly always round, or rounded up to near or even quite
up to the branch or outlet part of the trap, which is also round, but which of course
may be of any other desired shape. Sometimes it is preferable to make the closet
trap with flat or straight dip, flat back, rounded front, gradually merging into a
straight line at the inner part of the outlet pipe, which again merges gradually into
a round pipe. The moulds for making traps for fixing below closets are necessarily
much larger than the before mentioned moulds, and closet traps are seldom required
with cleansing caps, therefore the moulds will at times require additional small pieces
to form the core at the neck, and sometimes at the outlet. Such core pieces can be
readily taken through the core hole in the top of the trap.
The main feature of these moulds is the use of a fixed main core or cores, in one,
or two, or more, piece, or pieces, preferably two pieces. The inlet is, (say) for a full
sized valve closet trunk, 4 inches, tapering down to 4 inches or even 3 inches, but
preferring 4 inches. The outlet side of the trap is preferably the shape of the sink
trap before described, but may have a flat band, or front, from the bottom up to the
outlet branch pipe, the sides and back I also prefer to make as before described, and
round the top I also form the before mentioned groove &c. which is important for the
formation of a rabbet for readily putting the trap together, this being a main
characteristic of my invention in relation to trap moulds.
The cores for forming the outlet is somewhat different in these larger sized traps
and are preferably formed as follows.
•
On the calf part of what I have called the leg of the trap, I form or fix on, by
preference, a dove-tailed core, and to this I fit a suitable core to form the outlet of
the trap. By so doing I am enabled to merge a flat band into a circular, or form an
easy out-go on the trap with a suitably shaped pipe or branch of a good length to
wipe a joint on; at the same time, maintaining great simplicity in my cores.
core fittings at the throat or neck part of the trap, are preferably in four pieces, two
being side pieces, another piece at the bottom, and another piece for the centre of the
throat.
The
This last piece is preferably fitted in such a manner that it cannot come away from
the main core, yet it allows the casting to come very readily off the main cores, when
the other pieces fall out.
Thus I can keep a full, flat or arched, yet rounded, way through the trap, which is
important.
With the improved moulds, I can cast traps of a much better quality, with less
labour and greater speed than heretofore. I can also cast a 4 inch full sized 3 lbs.
or a 4 lbs. perfect trap which has been an impossibility hitherto.
The mould for casting the lip of lip traps I make with a groove to form a bead
(preferably square) so that the necessary bead for burning the lip on to the trap is

page_text: provided when casting the lip, and I burn on the lips instead of soldering as heretofore,
and I form my improved lead junction cone mould by preference with one fixed
core, and in such a manner that the lead can be poured without having to pour it on
the core.
This enables me to get a much cleaner and sounder casting than hereto-
fore. I also make a cone junction mould to produce a double cone junction, that is
to say, a cone junction with two arms or branches.
Also a cone junction or body mould with single or double branch holes, or a cone
junction body with socket and astragals' without the mould forming the branch, or
hole, so that a plumber may use any sized pipes therewith, and in any position.
I also burn on the pipe to form the cone junction body to the socket, also the arm
to the body to any suitable length of pipe, and make the same body or branch to
all suitable lengths and angles, without the necessity of bending them after they are
made.
The mould for forming these cone junctions or cone junction bodies, are sometimes
fitted with jointed cores for making the joint of the shape known as a plumbers joint,
but lighter than heretofore.
In casting lead tanks, cisterns, electric storage batteries, water waste preventer
cisterns, and the like, I use a fixed or mounted mould with movable sides and ends,
preferably with open top for forming the bottom and safe part of the tank, cistern &c.,
and also preferably form runners at the angles or other parts of the mould, so that
the lead may be poured into the mould and made to run without pouring it upon any
part of the flat surface or core. The mould can (when required) be lengthened or
widened to suit different sized tanks.
For these tanks &c. I form a moulding or stay to give great strength to the top
part of the tank, partly of wood and partly of lead.
My improvements in lead burning apparatus for use in the before mentioned work,
consists in making the regulating cocks with a screw regulating valve or valves,
preferably tapering for readily regulating the gas or air.
I connect the shut off cocks with suitable connecting quadrants having cogs &c.
The blower used in connection with the above work I construct so as to work by
water on the principle of the Trompe Trombe or Tromp, or by causing water to
run through a regulator into a reservoir so as to displace necessary air, and
which regulate so that the pressure or supply of water will suit the desired
work.
My lead burning machine I lag or stay with wood slats which keep the machine
in shape, and gives great strength. This also prevents injury during explosions &c.
And in order that my said Invention may be particularly described and ascertained,
reference is hereby made to the accompanying drawings.
SUPPLY ARMS, OR BENDS.
My chill mould, suitable for making bents or supply arms (such as is shown at A F
Fig. 1 Sheet 1) can by reference to Fig. 2 Sheet 1 be readily understood.
A. M. illustrates the steel fixed or mounted core, mounted on the stand or table D.
and is preferably fixed upon the iron table by the nut R. I. L. Villustrates the steel
draw core, in one piece, and jointed at I, which joint is preferably of the well known
tenon and mortise shape, sometimes fitted as at Fig. 3 Sheet 1, B, Fig. 2, Sheet 1,
illustrates half of the external part of the chill which, when the two halves are fixed,
should be clipped or otherwise fastened together.
F is the stop, let into the stand or table, to insure the external parts B keeping
true to the draw core I V.
If is also a stop for keeping the outer part true with the main core X is a vent
pipe socket for large bends.
%% are the runners for pouring. a, a, a, are the gas jets for heating.
E illustrates the supply arm or lead casting in the mould. When the supply
arm or bend is required to be made with a rounded bend and throated, the draw

page_text: L
out when such is the case the outlet core will require to be similar in
shape to that shewn at the inlet side.
PEMP MOULD.
Fig. 12, Sheet 3, illustrates my lead pump mould, with fixed core for casting the
pump barrel, head, and spout in one piece.
Or at other times the barrel only is east with the fixed core, the other part being.
then stopped off. (Stopping off means stopping up any part of the mould where it is
necessary to prevent the entrance of the molten lead.)
A is the bed plate, which at times forms part of the core I, as shewn in the
drawing, but at times I make the core separate as shewn at A, Fig. 11, Sheet 3.
and fix it upon the bed plate. Qis the pump head, EF is the outer part of the
mould, S is the spout, which is not always cast on the plate, B is the draw core for
the spout. F is the astragal, C is the small part of the pump, G the taper for box,
the holding down screws and D the table.
Sometimes, when an ornamental front to the head is required, I make H, B to draw
away from the other or external part of the mould. This mould is worked in a
similar manner to that before described and shewn at Fig. 2 Sheet 1.
STINK-TRAPS FOR OVERFLOWS.
mis
My mould for casting lead stink traps for overflows for valve closets without cap
and Serew, is shewn at Fig. 13, Sheet 4, A is the main fixed core, mounted upon the
plate or table 1), preferably fixed with a nut F. and pinned as shewn at d. k is the
Hange, the stop. G G the fixing holes. 1. J. KLV is the jointed draw core, cross
sections of this draw core are shewn at cross sectionRSTQ and W X Y.
a ring for holding the sides UW (in section) to the locking part Y. J. Ne, is the
middle or main piece or unlocking part to form part of the bottom. Vis the pin hole
for fixing the sides, WU is a cross section part of the draw core dovetailed.
the core piece to form the neck or throat and curved upper part of the trap. 1 is
one of the side pieces to form the inside part of the side, and which goes up to meet
the main core at C, but which is shown partly cut away, in order that the inside
parts of the core may be seen.
The mode of working is as follows:-
"
IK is
First, the draw core is put together by slipping 1K on to the locking core JN.
the same being dovetailed, after this the two sides (see cross-sections) CWST
or L are placed on the locking core, and fixed with a pin at V. Then the cylindrical
ring (which should be about 1 inches long) is slipped over the end, e V, which
keeps them all firmly together, then the outsides are placed in position and clipped,
or otherwise fastened together. The mould is then ready for pouring. In order to
get this mould off the main core 1 proceed as described in reference to Fig. 2, Sheet 1.
Then, having it on the table as at E, Fig. 4, Sheet 2, I open the external parts and
take the casting out, after which I slip off the ring m. Fig. 13. Sheet and pull out
the locking pin V, and the locking core Nc will readily slip out of the casting.
Then, with a suitable hook made to fit in the hole K, I draw the throat or curved
piece I K out of the casting when the two sides L or ST in the cross section will,
if properly made, readily come away.
The workman can cast traps at almost the same speed as when using a draw core
in one piece, to say nothing of the additional advantage and speed gained by my
fixed core.
Such traps having rounded throat or rounded top with flange cast thereon, are
preferred to those now made in straight core chill moulds for valve closets before, and
as shewn by Figs. 24 and 25 of my Patent 14.46087.
Of course my traps shewn in Figs. 24 and 25 in No. 14,40037 with straight cores,
can be made with my present fixed core arrangement.

page_text: MOULDS FOR OVERFLOW TINA TRAPS WITH CAT AND SCREW.
My improved mould for making overflow traps for valve closets with cap and screw
is shewn in Fig. 15, Sheet 4, and is made with two fixed or mounted cores A H, having
fitted thereto two draw cores JK Vand I for the outgo" or flanged part, &c. This part
of the core is preferably in two pieces, dovetailed together, as shown in cross section,
at O, P, and needs no further description. 1 is a provision for forming the cleansing
hole and throat, and bottom part of the trap. A side view of the cleansing cap core
is shown at R, S, T; 1, Q; and further illustrated at ITS Fig. 16 Sheet 2 which also
shews the brass screw S. B. Fig. 15, Sheet 4, is the external part of the mould,
and the casting, an elevation of which is shewn in Fig. 17 Sheet 6. Fig. 17 B
Sheet 6 is a plan of the flange, Figs. 18 and 19, Sheet 7; the latter illustrates
the enlarged inlet sockets but only at times made with the stump A Fig. 19,
Sheet 7.
The moulds for making this trap, as can readily be seen by the figures, can be made
with extended or socketed inlets A, and with or without the flange N M. The outlet
pipe is preferably cast finished.
The top part at His cast with a recessed, rabbeted, or socketed part, for receiving
a blank, top, dise, or plate of lead to drop into and rest on a ledge for casy burning
together, the external part of the top II is preferably beaded, which strengthens, stays
or supports this part of the trap, and is especially useful for the larger sizes.
At . Fig. 19, Sheet 7, the external beaded part is omitted.
By referring to Fig. 15, Sheet 4, at M, the socketed part of the trap can be seen
in section.
The working of this mould, Fig: 15 Sheet 4, and the making of the trap is
similar to that before described in connection with Fig. 2 Sheet 1, excepting that
in Fig. 15, Sheet 4, the trap is of a different shape with flat top and a disc, plate or
top, is dropped into this top part at M, and preferably burnt thereon, with the acro-
hydrogen blow pipe, and the outlet may be extended to indefinite lengths, and in these
and my other traps the "out go is always cast to the necessary shape, that is to
say, round, square or otherwise, and preferably cast finished.
Fig. 21 A. Sheet 5, illustrates a trap made on my mould shewn by Fig. 15, Sheet 4,
but without the cap and ring draw core. The mould being fitted with additional small
pieces for producing the throat B. This trap has a small split come formed on the top
at F, which is made by a countersunk part in the disc mould, which splits the water
running through the trap and prevents momentum.
LAVATORY STINK TRAPS,
The moulds for making my lavatory traps are usually made with the cap and screw
draw core, in the bottom, as at IM Fig. 20, Sheet 4.
Fig. 21 B Sheet G, is a section of the cap filled with lead or otherwise to be flush in
the bottom of the trap described in my provisional specification and needing no further
description.
S Fig. 21, are the ribs for giving a scouring action also shewn at S Fig. 22, Sheet 1,
and B Fig. 25 A, Sheet 1.
The other parts of this mould being similar to the mould shewn at Fig. 15,
Sheet 4, excepting the top of the outer part at H. Fig. 20, Sheet 4, which I prefer to
form more roomy as shewn at Q Fig. 22, Sheet 1, Figs. 21 Sheet 6 and 22
Sheet 1, further illustrate this trap.
It will be seen that the trap shewn in Fig. 21, Sheet 6, can be made of a round,
square, oblong or other form of open top II, yet the outlet pipe M. is cast round or to
any other desired shape complete, and can be extended to any reasonable length, the
The moulds for making my lavatory traps are usually made with the cap and serew
draw core, in the bottom, as at IM Fig. 20, Sheet 4.
Fig. 21 B Sheet G, is a section of the cap filled with lead or otherwise to be flush in
the bottom of the trap described in my provisional specification and needing no further
description.
SFig. 21, are the ribs for giving a scouring action also shown at S Fig. 22, Sheet 1,
and B Fig. 25 A, Sheet 1.
The other parts of this mould being similar to the mould shewn at Fig. 15,
Sheet 4, excepting the top of the outer part at H. Fig. 20, Sheet +, which I prefer to
form more roomy as shewn at Q Fig. 22, Sheet 1, Figs. 21 Sheet 6 and 22
Sheet 1, further illustrate this trap.
It will be seen that the trap shewn in Fig. 21, Sheet 6, can be made of a round,
square, oblong or other form of open top II, yet the outlet pipe M. is cast round or to
any other desired shape complete, and can be extended to any reasonable length, the
core for forming this outlet is preferably made as shown by Fig. 2, Sheet 1, and
which is similar to that shown by Fig. 15, Sheet 4. In every other particular and

page_text: method of working, this mould 15 Sims to that UCSCIIOCL
present needs no further description.
LAVATORY STRAP AND MOULD.
The mould for making Straps suitable for lavatories &c. is shown at Fig. 22, Sheet 1.
except the inlet cone or cone part C. T: the inlet core of the lavatory trap mould
being nearly parallel, as shewn by the dotted lines A S, the reason for which cau
readily be seen by reference to the lavatory trap casting itself; Fig. 23, Sheet 6.
By reference to the mould, Fig. 22, Sheet 1, it can readily be seen that the mould for
this trap (though of a somewhat complicated form) is of exceedingly simple con-
struction, yet moulds hitherto made for casting Straps have been of a very intricate
character, and of what is known as the chain or jointed cores kind, which consist
of many parts and are apt to get out of order and require great skill and speed to
manipulate.
My mould cores are in few parts, and, as can be seen, are exceedingly simple, and
strong at all the jointed parts. His the mounted or fixed outer core with set off W
for the recessed part in the top, and also for forming the body part Q generally. A is
the fixed or mounted core for forming the inlet to the trap; I, M, is the cap and screw
LJ is
draw core, preferably in one piece, and forming the throat of the trap at M.
the outlet draw core for forming the outlet of the trap. also preferably in one piece,
K is a pin whereon the external parts of the mould B B rest. D is the stand or table.
FF are the fixing holes. N is the brass screwed ring for the cap: prse is the
casting which will be readily understood by reference to Fig. 23 Sheet 6, and which
prefer to make with square open top beaded at W for strengthening &c. and some-
times arched as shewn by the dotted lines H. On the inside near the bottom I
sometimes form ribs at or near S Fig. 22 Sheet 1, also shewn by dotted lines at S
Fig. 21, Sheet 6.
The effect of these ribs is to impart a spinning or scouring action to the water,
and stir up all sedimentary matter in the bottom, and so keep the trap free from
stoppages &c.
SINK TRAP MOULDS.
1
1
The moulds for making sink traps, as illustrated by Figs. 24 and 25, Sheet 6,
are in principle the same as those moulds already described in reference to Figs. 20,
Sheet 4 and 22, Sheet 1, excepting that the main core A in Fig. 20, Sheet 4, is not
made hollow for heating with gas nor tapering as those shewn at A Fig. 22, Sheet 1.
the latter of which I prefer to taper from about 4 inches at C, T, Fig. 22, Sheet 1.
to about 1 inches at S: and the length of the cone from C to S is generally about
7 inches.
This applies to Straps as shewn at Fig. 25, Sheet G. and to half S traps Fig. 24,
Sheet 6, Fig. 25 A Sheet 1, shews the half S or P sink trap in section, with cone inlet.
also the cleansing ribs B. and the rebated top H in section: it also shows the flush
cleansing cap I and the disc or top H in section.
Fig. 26, Sheet 5, illustrates the S trap in section as cast on my moulds with enlarged
inlet A and valve seating V, it also illustrates the valve seating C, when required. I
also illustrates the way which I sometimes prefer to dome the top, and very well shows
the rebated part H. Any of my moulds for making the traps referred to may have
provisions in the cores &c. for forming the valve seating in any part of the inlet.
especially the cone shaped Figs. 24 or 25, Sheet 6, and the moulds for making the
valve seating C on the outlet of Fig. 26 Sheet 5, may be used for making the seatings
on the outlets of any of the before mentioned traps.

page_text: by the dotted lines C, L, E, P. Fig. 20, Sheet 4, or they can be converted to cast traps
of a U or syphon shape, as shewn at Fig. 10, Sheet 1, without the outlet pipes being
cast thereon, and which can be fixed thereon afterwards, as with my cone junction
body mould without what is known as the arm or branch pipe.
Such traps can be made so that the plumber, when fixing, can branch on his outlet
pipe to give what dip he requires for special purposes; the top or blank as at G
Fig. 21, Sheet 5, can be burnt or soldered on in the usual way or in the manner
herein before described.
MOULDS FOR CLOSET AND OTHER TRAPS.
The moulds for making traps for fixing below closets &c. or for slop sinks, and
such purposes, as shewn at Fig. 27, Sheet 7, are necessarily much larger than
those for overflow traps, ordinary sinks, or lavatory purposes-and are not often
required with cleansing caps, therefore the moulds will sometimes require additional
small pieces to form the core at the neck part, and also at the outlet, such core pieces
can be readily taken through the core holes in the top of the trap or otherwise, but the
main principle of these moulds is their fixed or mounted core, or cores in one, two, or
more pieces (in this case preferably two) with small pieces, and the forming of the
bead and rebate on the top, and the forming of the outlet complete without solder
or seam.
The inlet is (say for a full sized closet trunk) 4 inches tapering to about 4 inches,
or sometimes to inches, or preferably to 4 inches.
The outer core for making this trap is preferably of the shape of the sink trap core,
but sometimes I prefer to make the outlet core flat, making the outlet of these traps
straight at the bottom part as shewn by the dotted lines at CE Figs. 27 and 28
Sheet 7, and sometimes I prefer to form the core and the back part of the mould in
such a manner as to cast the back part of the trap part circular or curved, as shewn by
the dotted lines JF Fig. 28, Sheet 7, but usually, and for ordinary work, I prefer to
make the casting moulds, and the finishing or forming the trap, as shewn in section
in Fig. 27, in elevation, Fig. 28 and plan of plate or top, Fig. 29 B Sheet 7.
Fig. 28, Sheet 7, shews the trap having a stay at J, L, for strengthening the part,
in large sized traps. I may here remark that 1 sometimes make these traps with
12 inch waterway between I, and B. for rain water and drainage purposes &c., hence
the necessity for stays at J, L, or other parts and, when such is the case I prefer
to dome the top, as shewn at H Fig. 26 Sheet 5. The figure, writing, and lettering,
on the inlet pipe at A, Fig. 28 Sheet 7, is useful as the metal here enters the
external parts of the mould causing it to take a bite, which assists in lifting the
casting off the main inlet core, as is also the case with the moulding or beading F
on the external part of the mould.
The mould for making the throat part of the trap is the next consideration.
Generally, I form the throat part of the mould to form a kind of camber, or easy
arch crossways of the trap, as at the enlarged cross sectional view 3 Fig. 31, Sheet 7,
but rounding on the inlet part or side as at B in the enlarged sectional view
Fig. 30, Sheet 7, yet on the outlet side of the trap I form a flat as at J, Fig. 330,
Sheet 7, also see dotted lines J, Fig. 27, Sheet 7. This arrangement of cores enables
me to make a trap so that the soil can pass the easy bend part of the inlet or dip
pipe, but the moment it is at J it rises more swiftly to the upper part of the trap.
than if the back of the trap is rounded. Of course in this arrangement of traps
and cores I do not claim a flat backed nor straight dip trap, as such traps known
as V traps have been made for this last hundred years, but this part of my invention
consists in the making of the cores and moulds for producing traps as before
described preferably with a flat or an arched dip rounded on the inlet side B, Fig. 30,
Sheet 7 and flat or straight as shewn at F J in the enlarged view, also as shewn by the
dotted lines J, Fig. 27, Sheet 7.
Having described and illustrated the shape of the trap, the mould for casting
the same can now be better understood. Fig. 32, Sheet 4 is a side sectional view

page_text: of my mould which is somewhat similar in construction to Fig. 20, Sheet 4, but
with hollow cores for heating purposes and without the cap and screw draw
core I, M.
The main cores of this mould, Fig. 32, Sheet 4, is fitted with additional small
pieces (see plan or section at O, P,) to form the throat, sides, and bottom parts
as follows.
N (at the side of the drawing) is the loose piece which fits on to the circular
core at U to form the centre of the throat, which also fits against the flat part
of the outlet at B. K (see section on right hand side) is the loose dovetailed
piece for forming the side part, which is shewn at I. Lis a similar piece which
cannot be shewn in the main drawings. R is the stopping up piece.
The outlet is formed with a loose piece E made to slide in dovetailed groove
on to the fixed cored; into this part E I fit the draw core V and the cores are
complete. Mis the enlarged part of the core and mould for forming the rebate
bead &c.
The external part of the mould is similar to those already described.
The method of working this mould is as follows: First heat the mould by pre-
ference with gas and air to about 500° Fahr. then put the cores together as
follows, first the piece N on to the slot at U, next the top or stopper R, then the
two side pieces K. I, as shewn in the plan &c. After this slip the part E on to
the external or outlet main fixed core, then place the draw core Vin its place
and put the external parts together and the mould is ready for pouring in the
usual manner.
The casting now being formed, lift the external parts of the mould as described
in reference to Fig. 2, Sheet 1, or otherwise off the main fixed or mounted cores,
and, when off, open the external parts and take the casting out. Now with a
suitable hook draw the core pieces LK or C if necessary, and the other parts
will fall out.
The mould I have at work does not require the hook, as the pieces generally
fall out of themselves.
Next take out the draw core V, and the loose piece J will fall into the body
part of the trap, when it can be easily turned out through the top at M.
Next
cut the runners off and fix and burn on a disc or plate in the recess part of the
casting as at H, F, Fig. 27, Sheet 7, and the trap is ready for fixing. Of course
the heating arrangement of this mould and the heat of the lead can be varied to
suit circumstances, class of lead, and the general substance of the trap which varies
in weight from 4 lbs. to 12 lbs. the superficial foot.
The web Q, Fig. 32, and G. Fig. 27, Sheet 7. I always prefer to use in large
traps, but of course the trap can be cast without it.
The mould for casting the lip of lip traps I make with a groove G. Fig. 33,
Sheet 5, to form a bead preferably square, so that the necessary lead for burning
the lip on to the trap is provided when casting the lip. B, G, is the lip in
section: H the core or bottom part of the mould fixed on the table or bench D.
E the movable top part: the casting is poured at A and I burn the lip on these
cone traps instead of soldering on, and as shown at G, B, Fig. 34, Sheet 5.
My cone junction mould I make by preference with one fixed or mounted core,
and in such a manner that the lead can be poured without having to pour it on
the core, and which enables me to get a much cleaner and sounder casting than
heretofore.
1 also make a junction mould, see Fig. 44 Sheet 3, to produce a double cone
junétion, viz. a cone junction with two arms as shewn at BB Fig. 44 Sheet 3.
Also a double coned junction mould for making a cone junction body without
arms, as shewn at Fig. 35, Sheet 6. Also a cone junction body mould for producing
a junction body as shewn at Fig. 36 Fig. 87, Sheet 6 and Fig. 38 Sheet 5.

page_text: After what I have explained in reference to my supply arm and trap moulds
these cone junction moulds will be readily understood, as the principle of these
fixed cores and the method of heating is very much the same throughout the whole
of my Specification.
Fig. 39, Sheet 5, illustrates my single cone junction mould with fixed or mounted
core A, C, and the draw core B, F, especially for making junctions with what is
known as plumber shaped joints, as shewn at Fig. 42 in my Patent 14,460 of
1887. K, L, are the outsides of the mould, E, E are raising lugs.
This mould is worked similarly to that shown and described at Fig. 2, Sheet 1.
and Figs. 4 and 5 Sheet 2.
Fig. 40, Sheet 5. illustrates my cone junction body mould, with fixed core and
draw core, F. B, for making cone junction bodies without the branch, and with
the recessed, sunk or socketed part Q for the more easy burning on of the arm,
see Fig. 38, Sheet 5. For the socket part in section also see Fig. 37, Sheet 6.
for the junction socket and branch pipe at 1 also for this section see Fig. 44,
Sheet 3, at dotted lines EFGH.
This mould is in every particular worked similarly to my mould shewn and
described at Figs. 2, Sheet 1, and 4 and 5, Sheet 2, of the drawings.
Fig. 41, Sheet 5, is my mould with fixed or mounted core AC for making
plain cone junction bodies without holes.
This mould also shews an end view of a mould for making a plain lead junction
body bend or set off, and with suitable cores as shewn at Fig. 43 A, Sheet 5.
for making the junction body or set off similar to that shewn at Fig. 42, Sheet 6.
Fig. 4 A, Sheet 5 is a side view of the cores simply jointed at II I. The
bottom part or fixed core is shewn broken off at EF to save making another
complete drawing.
The method of working this mould for set-offs is as follows:-Place the top
part of the core C, which is properly jointed as shewn on the bottom or fixed
core, and place the external parts together (these externals are kept true by the
use of the stop) then pour the casting now pull off the top core C, which thus
becomes a draw core, then pull the mould off the draw core, and open the mould,
when the casting is ready for use. HI, Fig. 40, Sheet 5, at dotted lines shows
the end view of the parting line of the core for set-offs.
Sometimes the cone junction body is required to be made light at the joint
part, when such is the case I make the draw core with loose dovetailed pieces as
shown in my draw core at J, Figs. 15 and 20, Sheet 4, also shewn in the large
bend mould at L, J Fig. 46 Sheet 3, also as shewn by the dotted lines at J, K, K',
Fig. 39 Sheet 5, also at the dotted lines J, K, K'. Fig. 40, Sheet 5.
My bend mould, suitable for soil pipe work with or without ventilation socket
is made with one fixed or mounted core, as at A, Fig. 46, Sheet 3, having a dovetailed
jointed draw core I, V, which works similarly to the draw cores already explained,
and therefore the mould needs no further description. Fig. 47, Sheet 7, illustrates
the bend made by the mould Fig. 46, Sheet 3, but with vent pipe socket when
required.
LEAD SOCKET OR CONE SOCKET MOULDS.
The mould and socket, or what is known in some localities as cone sockets, is shewn
at Figs. 40, and 41, of my Patent No. 14,460 of 1887.
In accordance with my present invention I make the mould on the fixed core
principie as shewn at Fig. 48. Sheet 3-D is the stand or table, H the base of the
fixed core, A the movable ring or draw core, E the external or shell part of the mould,
Ba recess or set off turned into the ring or shell part of the mould which may be
simply formed by this part of the ring or shell being wholly cut away, or it may
be formed in the bottom or fixed core. G the ring for pulling off the draw core.
Fig. 49, Sheet 3, illustrates the socket cast in my mould having the inner projec-
tion B; the ear E may be of any pattern, or the sockets can be cast without ears, as
shewn at Fig. 50, and the sockets may be round, square, oblong or of other shape,

page_text: and this part of my invention consists in casting such sockets with fixed or mounted
cores, and also the casting of such sockets generally with or without the projection B
in shell moulds.
CONE JUNCTION WITH LONG ARMS.
It often happens that a long arm or arms, such for example as from 2 to 4 feet long,
are by the plumber required, (which I can casi in my mould illustrated at Fig. B,
Sheet 16, of my Patent 14,460 of 1887) and generally in small quantities, and when
making in numbers, too small to pay for getting up the heat in long moulds.
In order that such junctions may be cheaply made or manufactured I take any of
the bodies as shewn at Figs. 35, 36, or 37. Sheet 6, and the necessary length of
branch pipe preferably made by hand and burn the branch joint so as to produce a
much cheaper and better article than can otherwise be obtained, except by casting
the same in quantities.
Of course this only applies to junctions, when my junction or cone junction bodies
are used.
The moulds for casting lead closet boxes are shewn at Figs. 51 and 52, Sheet 5,
D, Fig. 51, illustrates the table or stand, B the fixed core preferably fixed with a
screw at G, F, the casting, E. H, the external parts.
The method of lifting or working this mould is shewn by the levers Q, M, Fig. 5,
Sheet 2.
Fig. 52, Sheet 5, illustrates my mould for making my lead ventilating box, some-
times fitted with a mica flap and grating. D is the table or stand, A. the fixed core,
preferably fitted with a screw at E; H the casting, C the outsides, B the draw core,
the stump, spicket, or socket part. The method of casting this box is similar to
the last figure described.
MOULDS FOR CASTING LEAD TANKS.
In casting lead tanks and cisterns and especially electric storage batteries some-
times known as "cells," water waste preventers, and the like, I use a fixed or mounted
mould or core with movable sides and ends, preferably with open top for forming the
bottom and the safe part of the tank, cistern &c., and preferably form runners at the
angles or other parts of the mould so that the lead can be poured into the mould and
made to run without pouring it upon any part of the flat surface or core, as shewn in
Figs. 54 and 55 &c. Sheet S.
My mould can be, when required, lengthened or made wider or narrower to suit the
different sized tanks. Or slips or stop-offs can be inserted between the core and the
sides anywhere to make castings in part or parts, such for example as casting the one
end, two sides, and bottom in one piece, and casting the end separately, or even the
ends separately.
Sometimes I form the mould to make a moulding, or bead, or beading, round the
top (similar to that shewn round the tops of my traps, see F at Fig. 28, Sheet 7 &c.)
which will answer as a stay to give strength to the top part of the electric storage
battery tank or cistern: and sometimes I employ strips of wood or other suitable
material to form the stay and secure the same with clips or their equivalents.
Fig. 53, Sheet 6, illustrates the tank, shewing the wood stay B, for electric storage
batteries held in position with clips E, F, G; I, J, is the tray, the dotted and other
lines PP show cross stays, or a partition or partitions not always required, but which,
when used, is equivalent to the stays.
The tray 1.. and also the stay B may sometimes be dispensed with.
Fig. 54. Sheet S, is a sectional elevation of my mould as I prefer to make it for
general tank and cistern casting. A is the fixed or mounted core preferably with
core and stand in one piece, which I prefer to bolt to a suitable bed B the ends, C the
two ends of the back side, Fig. 55. Sheet 8, is a plan of the above mould,
H, H, illustrates the stops which I sometimes use when casting the cistern in parts.
Fig. 56, Sheet 8, is a side elevation of my mould. Fig. 57, Sheet S, is the wood

page_text: stay I prefer to use round the top of electric storage batteries, Fig. 58 Sheet 8 at +
shows the wood stay and the dotted lines 5 show the wood stay in or about the
middle.
1. 2. 3. Fig. 58, Sheet S are the clips, 5 a tray or safe part for electric storage
batteries. Fig. 59, Sheet S, shows the end view of the tank, g, h, illustrates the clips
and the end of the stays, it also illustrates the end ribs, or runners K, K. Fig. 60,
Sheet S, illustrates the mould in section for casting the end plate separately.
Fig. 61 is a sectional plan of the same. r, r, are the bevelled edges for easy and
strong burning, a, are the runners which produce k, k, on Fig. 59, Sheet S.
Fig. 62 Sheet 8 illustrates the cast lead clip which I prefer to use for holding the stay
in its place: 6 and 7 is the burning edge similar to that shewn in the cone trap at G,
Fig. 32 Sheet 4 and 34, Sheet 5. Fig. 62 Sheet 8 at 8 also shows the clip edge for
burning to the flange of the cistern, but sometimes this edge 8 is returned similar to
that shown at 6, 7. Fig. 63, Sheet S, is the mould I use for casting these clips as
shewn at Fig. 62, Sheet 8, but which may be made as shewn by the dotted lines
Fig. 63, Sheet 8, to form clips with double returned flanges.
Fig. 64, Sheet 8 illustrates the runner P in the angle of the tank, and Fig. 65,
Sheet S, the runner R, which may be at any part of the tank. QQ are side pieces to
form the runner thin at the edge a, and which are loose in order to allow the side part
to come away from the casting when the parts Q Q are taken out afterwards or
separately.
The method of making these tanks can be varied to suit circumstances, but under
whatever variation the working or manufacturing may be, the results will always be
the same.
The different modes of working are as follows. Say a tank is required 12" long by
6" wide and 12" deep suitable for waste preventer cisterns; this can be easily produced
in a mould as shown at Fig. 54 Sheet S to produce the casting in one piece; but
suppose this mould Fig. 54 Sheet 8 to be 6 feet long by 12" wide then it would be
necessary if this mould is used, to stop off a portion of the side of the tank as shown
at in the sectional plan Fig. 55 Sheet 8; here the casting will be made with one
side, bottom and two ends, as shown at Fig. 67 Sheet 8, and a side can be cast separate
in the moulds 60, and burnt in to the other part of the tank at A B, Fig. 67 Sheet S
and as shown at a, b, Fig. 6S Sheet S. The angles at a, b are cast bevel edged to render
the burning simple and stronger than otherwise. It will readily be seen that by
making a tank in this mode a great saving of time is effected compared with hand
made tanks, and that I can make tanks to various sizes on one core or mould. This
method of working is exceedingly useful in making lead electric storage battery tanks
or cisterns, inasmuch as such tanks vary in length only, or at least seldom in width,
the general width and depth being 12 inches whilst the length varies from say
24 inches to 7 feet. Now suppose an electric storage tank or cistern (N.B. sometimes
these cisterns are known as cells) is required say 7 feet long by 12 inches wide and
12 inches deep and this to be the size of my mould Figs. 54 and 55, Sheet S. all I
have to do is to heat the mould to the necessary heat; and pour the lead which when
full is pulled off the core, by similar means to those already described; or otherwise.
The mould can now be undone w the sides and the ends, and the casting is ready
for use.
Of course the stay as at Fig. 57 Sheet S, can be afterwards fixed as shown
at Fig. 58 Sheet 8, and the bottom lead K. K. Fig. 54, Sheet 8 turned up as at K K.
Fig. 58, Sheet 8 for forming the tray or safe. But, suppose the tank is required to
be only 3 feet long, and my mould is 6 feet, I then stop off part of the mould as
at J, H, and run the two sides, bottom, and one end as before and cast the end
plate separately in a mould, as shown at Figs. 60 and 61 Sheet S and fitted into
the end of the tank as at A B Fig. 69, Sheet 8 and burn the edges together as
follows: The projecting lead end d, d, at the end of the tank stands a suitable
height above the end plate or plates which projecting end d, d I burn down on
to the bevelled edges of the end plate and so form a strong and easily made
joint, because in this method of preparing the work with a cast bevel edge the
flame of the blow pipe burns the lead from the surface of the external edge

page_text: to the inner point or angle at A. It sometimes happens that a harder lead is
required for these tanks or even a rolled lead for forming the sides and bottom
in order to obtain stiffness of the material, and also to prevent what is known as
"sweating." In such cases I manufacture these tanks somewhat differently to
prevent the cracking when cooling, say a tank of hard lead is required; then I
cast the sides and bottom on my mould by stopping off the two ends in one piece,
and east the two ends separately, and burn them on as before described at A. B.
Fig. 69 Sheet S.
Now suppose the sides are required to be hardened or solidified,
or rolled to prevent sweating," I then turn the lead for the bottom and sides to
the desired shape, and, as before, cast the two ends preferably with beveled edges
& a runner, and burn them in as at A. B. Fig. 69, Sheet 8; and when required
put the stays or tray on as at Fig. 58 Sheet 8 or as shown at Fig. 53 Sheet G.
From what I have described and illustrated it will be seen that I can make these
tanks in one piece with or without stays, or trays; they can also be made with
the two sides, bottom, and one end cast; and the other end cast separately and
burnt on, and which may be made with or without the stays, or trays. It will
also be seen that I can also make my tanks with two sides and bottom cast in
one piece, and the two end plates cast fitted and burnt in as before described, and
can be used with or without the stays and trays.
It will also be seen that these tanks can be made with the lead for the sides and
bottom rolled to harden solidify and stiffen it, and that the end plates can be cast and
fitted in as before with great advantage, and with or without my stays and trays. It
will also be seen that my stays and trays can be fitted with great advantage in wholly
hand made electric storage tanks or cisterns.
My lead burning and heating apparatus is illustrated at Figs. 70, 71, 72, 73, 74
and 75, Sheet 9, of the drawings. My blowing machine for lead burning or heating
my moulds to work by displacing the air contained in a close vessel, is illustrated at
Fig. 70 Sheet 9. E is a close chamber say to hold 500 gallons of water. A is a large
tauk of similar capacity, or which may be of any size according to circumstances, for
instance it may be a tank having a constant supply. J. 1. C. K. is a regulator for
regulating the supply of water from the tank A to the tank E, through the
The bottom part of this
pipe B. C. D C being a ball valve operated by the ball K.
regulator at I should be large enough to hold the same quantity of water as the top J,
and should be about 36 inches deep. G is the air pipe: Q" is a gauge pipe, partly of
glass, to show the quantity of water in the tank E. F is a glass gauge to show the
pressure of air in the tank E: H is a stop cock or pipe communicating between the
tank E and the regulator; P is an air pump having valves R. S. and a plunger Q
working within the barrel T L is the emptying cock.
follows.
The action is as
First, the tank A is supplied with water which I call the main supply. I then fill
the regulator and put sufficient water in the bottom part of the regulator J to well
float the ball taking care that the tap His first closed, and see that all other taps are
shut off. I now open the valve B, by hooking it upon the nail N, and the apparatus
is ready for work. Say there is no water in the reservoir: I then open the tap II.
and the water in the regulator will run down the pipe J.into the lower part of the
regulator I, when the ball K will fall and open the valve and water will flow into the
reservoir and compress the air, and so create a pressure sufficient to blow upon
the surface of the water in the regulator I which in its turn will force back the water
as at I, up the pipe I, and again float the ball K thus shutting off the valve C, and so
maintaining the pressure of air in the reservoir according to the height of the column
of water in the regulator. Of course the pipe G may be extended by india rubber
hose or otherwise on to the regulating cocks at K Figure 75 Sheet 9, and so the
apparatus is ready for work. The gas pipe from any class of lead burning machine or
source of gas supply is put on to the pipe A, Fig. 75 Sheet 9, and a tube is connected
5 at E to the burner or burners either for the necessary lead burning or heating my
moulds, G, F, E are the shut off cocks coupled with a cam, quadrant or other means

page_text: to insure the wind" and gas being shut off together. B. the regulating cocks, for
section of which see Fig. 74, Sheet 9, which I make with a screw opening or closing
valve E with a spindle preferably working through the stuffing box F, and which can
be made with or without the coupling arrangement.
Having seen the method of filling and starting the blowing apparatus, Fig. 70.
Sheet 9 supposing the reservoir now to be full the water will rise up the pipe to the
tap and fill the regulator and so float the ball and cut off the water when no more
wind can be obtained: then by simply shutting off the valve N, and opening the
COCK L, the reservoir will empty itself, the necessary air drawing through the regulator
and pipe II.
Another way to work this regulator: Supposing a scarcity of water then the
apparatus can be worked with the same water as follows: Assuming the reservoir to
be full of water: Shut off all the taps and open the valve N and tap and let the ball
of the regulator be down: Now, work the air pump P and pump air through the
pipe into the reservoir which will force the water up the dotted line pipe S, and
back into the main supply and so the same water can be used over and over again.
My blowing apparatus which I construct on the principle of the trombe for heating
and lead burning is shewn at Fig. 71, Sheet 9, and the following is a description of the
drawing. E is a close vessel or reservoir, for heating my moulds, say to hold
36 gallons: Q. Q. Q. Q. Q are small pipes taken to a convenient height, say 10 feet
above the top of the reservoir, preferably with funnel mouths, and made good to the
top of the reservoir; or instead of these small pipes being made good to the top, all
the small pipes can enter into one large dip pipe, as shown at Fig. 76 A. D is the
dip pipe made to dip into the reservoir and made to come up a suitable distance above
the top as shewn by Q. Q. at Fig. 71, Sheet 9. L is the outlet; G. G. the air pipe;
I the regulator the action of which was explained in reference to Fig. 70. B. C. is
the water supply pipe to the regulating valve; and S. D. is the pipe leading from the
valve to the regulating taps 1. 2. 3. 4. &c.
The action of this blowing apparatus is as follows:-
B is the main source of supply which may come from tank 70 or otherwise; the
water now runs through the regulating valve to the regulating cocks, D. Q (the others
being shut off the water issuing from the small tap at a certain regulated speed,
(depending on the pressure of water) carries with it a certain amount of air and the
water increasing in velocity as it falls, tends to extend itself in a lateral direction in
the down pipe, thus partially forming a plug-imprisoning and driving the air before
the plug of water into the reservoir when it rises as shewn by the small circles above
the surface of the water in the reservoir; at the same time accumulating air pressure
in the reservoir which in its turn forces the excess water out of the reservoir and up
the pipe L. L. and when sufficient pressure of air is accumulated, the accumulated
pressure by the connection HH, or otherwise presses upon the surface of the water
in the bottom part of the regulator, and, as before described, causes the water to flow
up the dip pipe J, float the ball; and so shut off the supply until the pressure is again
relieved in the reservoir. The apparatuses shown in Figs. 70 and 71, may, if preferred,
be worked without the regulator.
Fig. 72, Sheet 9, illustrates my method of making a blowing apparatus also on the
principle of the trombe, by the use of an injector which will work with water or
steam. E is the reservoir, L the water outlet as before explained in reference to
Fig. 71 Sheet 9. A. is the main supply or inlet to the injector. Qis the injector
nozzle and B. D the trombe pipe. Gis the air pipe and I the guage. The action is
as follows: Turn on the main supply, and the supply at the injector nozzle will
induce a current of air to flow as shewn by the arrows down the trombe pipe, which
in its turn will.create a pressure of air in the reservoir, whilst the residue will pass
up the dip pipe as before explained. Of course the regulator, as shown at Figs. 70
or 11. Sheet 9 can at times with advantage be employed in juxtaposition with this
apparatus.
The Lead Burning Machine for generating gas is shown partly in section and partly

page_text: in elevation at Fig. 73 Sheet 9, and the method of lagging or staying with wood
slats, to keep the machine in shape &c. is shown at E. F. G, and which is effected by
first grooving the bottom block, as at H, then half turn the welt F which should not
be more than half the size of the welt E. to suit the groove or rebate in the block;
then put the block in its place and nail the lead as shown by the nail N; next half-
turn the top welt E, which is twice the depth of the welt F, after which fix the slats
and with a cord or band tie them in position, and work over the two welts as shown
at E, F, which will hold the lagging in its place, at the same time not too firmly, but
in such a manner that, should the machine explode, the lagging will readily give way
at the bottom and at the instant required, and in such a manner that the acid will be
directed towards the floor, thus preventing accidents from the acid flying in an
upward or horizontal direction. A is the top chamber; B the bottom; C the draining
chamber.
I wish it to be understood that I do not claim any particular form or shape of trap,
tank, syphon, pump, supply arm, socket, junction, or cone junction; bend, burning
machine, lead boxes or the like; my invention comprising only new methods of
moulding and manufacturing such articles, as herein-before described and illustrated.
For example the trap shown in Fig. 76, Sheet 6, is a trap of well known shape,
similar to that shown in Fig. 1 of Johnson's Patent, No. 29062 (invented by
James A. Lowe). This trap has been hitherto cast with what is known as chain, or
link and pin cores, consisting of a great number of pieces; it is also very costly, and
liable to get out of order; whereas my method of producing such a trap requires
exceedingly simple cores, as shown in Fig. 13, Sheet 4; and the method of mounting
the same makes the mould easy to manipulate any intelligent labourer being able to
work my mould with far better results than a skilled plumber can obtain with Lowe's
mould. Again, the trap shown in Fig. 77, Sheet 6, is one heretofore made in moulds
having a plain straight draw core under my Patent No. 14,46087, but with the
objectionable sharp corners and straight back whereas by my present improved
method of making and fixing the cores, I make a rounded throat or back trap in a
simple manner, and also manufacture the trap at much less cost than heretofore.
Again in making cast lead sockets, as shewn in Fig. 41 of my Patent No. 14,46087
and which, before the date of that Patent, were cast in sand moulds and in making
the socket with the internal ledge B., Fig. 49, Sheet 3, of the accompanying drawings,
which have also heretofore been cast in sand moulds and requiring a skilful moulder
for their production; whereas by means of my improved mould, as shewn in
Fig. 48 Sheet 3 an unskilled boy can produce a much better casting at a quarter of
the cost.
Another illustration of my improvements is afforded in the moulding of the Por
half S closet traps, which have heretofore been cast with the outlet pipe portion
unfinished, (see L M Fig. 28, No. 14,46087, and also see my Patent 683186) and
had to be worked over and burnt together, and the tops of these traps have been
somewhat difficult to work and burn together: but by means of this my present
invention my moulds will produce a trap similar in shape, but with a finished outlet
pipe, and a recessed or grooved top for a plate to drop into, and which can now be
made and burnt together by unskilled lead burners and with better results.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. The application and use of a mounted or fixed core or cores for producing lead
supply arms, traps, pumps, lead bends, junctions, or lead cone junctions, or junction
bodies, sockets, tanks, closet and other boxes, or other articles, substantially as herein-
before described and illustrated by the drawings.
2. The application and use of the various forms and arrangements of chill
moulds for lead casting, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by the
drawings.

page_text: 3. The improved method of working any of my chill moulds, substantially as
herein before described and illustrated by the drawings.
4. The improved method of casting in chill moulds, lead traps with open tops,
having recessed parts to receive a blank dise or plate, with or without finished outlet
pipes, and with or without flanges; and also with or without the external beading
mouldings &c., and which recesses or beadings facilitate easy burning thereon of the
tops, substantially as herein before described and illustrated by the drawings.
5. The general arrangement of cores and chill moulds for casting large traps (such
as those shown in Figs. 27, 28 and 29 Sheet 7) substantially as hereinbefore described
and illustrated in Fig. 32, Sheet 4 of the drawings.
6. The general arrangement of fixed and draw cores; also the external parts of the
mould, for casting overflow traps &c. for valve closets with or without flanges (such
as shown in Fig. 14 Sheet 5) substantially as described and illustrated by Fig. 13 &c.
of the drawings.
7. The general arrangement of moulds for producing valve closet overflow traps (such
as those shown in Figs. 18 and 19, Sheet 7, 21 A, Sheet 5 and 25 A on Sheet 1 &c.
of the drawings) substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by Figs. 15
and 20 &c. Sheet 4 of the drawings.
8. The general arrangements of moulds for producing S, half S. or three quarter
Straps, for sinks or lavatories &c. (such as those shown in Figs. 21, 23, 24, 25
(Sheet 6) 25 A Sheet 1, 26 Sheet 5, and other figures) substantially as herein before
described and illustrated by Figs. 20 and 2 Sheet 4, and 22, Sheet 1 &c. of the
drawings.
9. The general arrangement and construction of chill moulds and cores, for casting
bends, come junctions or junction bodies (such as those shown in Figs. 35, 36 and 37
Sheet 6 and 38 Fig. 38 Sheet 5, Fig. 42, Sheet 6 and Fig. 44 Sheet 3 &c.) substan-
tially as herein before described and illustrated by Figs. 39, 40, 41 and 43 A Sheet
and Fig. 43, Sheet 3 of the drawings.
10. The general arrangement and construction of chill moulds for casting lead
cone sockets, or socket moulds with internal rings (which need not be cone
shaped substantially as described and illustrated by Fig. 48 Sheet 5 of the
drawings.
11. Casting sockets as shewn without the internal ring, and with or without the
cars in chill moulds, having fixed or mounted cores, substantially as herein before
described and illustrated by Figs. 49 and 50 Sheet 3 of the drawings.
12. Casting lips or lip traps with raised bead &c. for easy burning, and also
burning the lips in lip cone traps (sometimes known as Antil traps) instead of
soldering, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by Figs. 33 and 34
Sheet 5 of the drawings.
138. Casting closet or other boxes on fixed cores, and the method of working the
mçuld, substantially as herein before described and illustrated by the drawings.
14. Casting straight or bent supply arms or bends on or in chill moulds, with r
without the fixed cores, substantially as herein before described and illustrated by the
drawings.
•
15. The general construction of the draw cores, or the moulds with the fixed cores,
and the draw cores for casting large bends, substantially as herein before described
and illustrated by the drawings.
16. The general arrangement of cores and chill moulds for casting lead tanks.
cisterns, or storage batteries, with or without stays or trays, and the method of
staying the same, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by the
drawings.
17. The method of making lead tanks, cisterns, or storage batteries or cells, with
cast ends having the runners as shown and described, and the edges cast bevelled
or beaded to suit the lead burning, and also the cast ends with the stay, bead or
runners, substantially as hereinbefore described, and illustrated by the drawings.
18. Making lead storage batteries or tanks, with (preferably) wood stays round

page_text: the sides or ends of the top part & substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated
by the drawings.
19. Making lead storage batteries or tanks, with trays round the bottom, substan-
tially as herein before described, and illustrated by the drawings.
26. The application and use of lead casting moulds, constructed, arranged and
worked, substantially as herein before described, and illustrated by the drawings.
21. The application and use of lead blowing machines, constructed, arranged, and
operating substantially as bereinbefore described and illustrated by Fig. 70 of the
drawings.
22. The application and use of lead blowing machines, constructed, arranged and
operating substantially as herein before described and illustrated by Fig. 71 of the
drawings.
23. The application and use of lead blowing machines, constructed, arranged and
operating substantially as herein before described and illustrated by Figs. 72 and 76 A
of the drawings.
24. The method of fixing lagging or stays round lead burning machines substan-
tially as described and illustrated by Fig. 73 of the drawings.
25. The arrangement of regulating cocks or valves substantially as and for the
purposes herein before described and illustrated by Figs. 74 and 75 of the drawings.
Dated 30th April 1890.
P. J. DAVIES.