AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ANGLE IRON
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Chapman, of Wolverhampton, in the County
of Stafford, Iron Master, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT OR
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ANGLE IRON."
Sealed the 26th July 1859, and dated the 15th April 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Chapman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th April 1859.
I, JOHN CHAPMAN, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Iron
Master, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IM-
PROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ANGLE IRON," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvement or improvements herein-after
explained, in manufacturing the iron, called in commerce, angle iron, that is to
say, bars of iron, which have in cross section the figure of two sides of a
square. The said angle iron is much used in the manufacture of metallic
bedsteads, and other articles of like manufacture, and the object of my In-
vention is to give a smoother and clearer surface to the side or sides of the
angle iron which have to be painted or ornamented than can be given thereto
by the ordinary method of manufacturing angle iron. In manufacturing
angle iron according to my Invention, I proceed in the ordinary manner up to
the last stage of its manufacture, when instead of passing the iron between a

page_text: pair of ordinary rolls, I pass it between a pair of hard smooth rolls, of the
kind commonly called chilled rolls. In front of the said chilled rolls a
scraper or scrapers are placed so as to scrape one or more of the surfaces
of the iron as it passes to the finishing rolls. By passing the angle iron
under the operation of the scraper or scrapers, and from thence between the
finishing rolls, the surface of the iron is first cleared of scale and afterwards
rendered smooth.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Chapman in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
12th October 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
CHAPMAN, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Iron Master, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Chapman, Her special licence that I, the said John Chapman,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
John Chapman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ANGLE IRON," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said John Chapman, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Chapman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-

page_text: for scraping the exterior of the angle iron is fixed, the said block scraper g
being capable of sliding on the bar n, so as to bring it opposite any of the
grooves in the rolls. The block scraper 9 is represented in detail on a larger
scale in Figure 3. The block scraper may be made to scrape the interior of
the angle iron, and the upper scraper the exterior of the angle iron, as shewn
by the scrapers h and i, Figure 1. The upper scraper h is fixed and slides
upon the lever o, and may be raised by lifting the said lever. The block
scraper i slides on the bar p. The scraper his represented in detail on a
larger scale in Figure 4, and the block scraper i is represented in detail on
a larger scale in Figure 5.
Figure 6 represents a combined scraper for scraping the exterior of angle
iron, and Figure 7 represents a combined scraper which may be used for
scraping the internal and external surfaces of the angle iron. The manu-
facture of the angle iron is commenced in the rolls a, b, c, and finished in the
rolls d, e, or the iron may be prepared in ordinary rolls previous to its intro-
duction to the rolls a, b, c. I fix over the planishing rolls a cleaner or
cleaners q, for the purpose of keeping the grooves in the planishing rolls clean
and bright. I make the scrapers by preference of cast or wrought iron, or
hardened or soft steel, but I do not limit myself thereto, as the said scrapers
may be made of any other metal or alloy sufficiently hard to remove the scale
from the iron. The cleaner or cleaners q, fixed on the planishing rolls d, e,
may either be made of wrought or cast iron, or hardened or soft steel, or of
any other metal or alloy, or of wood.
Although I have found the methods herein described and illustrated in the
Drawing, of fixing and working the said scrapers to answer well, yet other
methods of fixing and working them may be resorted to. And although I fix
the cleaner on a bar attached to the housings or holsters of the rolls,
Figure 1, yet I do not limit myself thereto, as the said cleaner may be fixed in
any other convenient manner. My Invention is applicable to the manu-
facture of angle iron of all sizes and thicknesses; I do not limit myself to
any particular diameter or length of the rolls.
Having now described the nature of my Invention and the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit
myself to the precise details herein described, as the same may be varied
without departing from the nature of my Invention; but I claim as my
Invention,
Firstly, the use of a set of three moulding rolls in manufacturing angle
iron, as herein described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing.

page_text: My Invention consists of the improvement or improvements herein-after
described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing, in manufacturing the
iron called in commerce angle iron, that is to say, bars of iron which have in
cross section nearly the figure of two sides of a square. The said angle iron is
much used in the manufacture of metallic bedsteads and other articles of like
manufacture, and the object of my Invention is to give a smoother and cleaner
surface to the said angle iron than is given thereto by the ordinary method of
manufacturing it; the said smoother and cleaner surface fits the angle iron for
the better reception of the painting or ornamentation to be applied to the said
angle iron.
In manufacturing angle iron according to my Invention I proceed in the
ordinary manner up to the last stage of its manufacture, when instead of
passing the angle iron between a pair of ordinary rolls, I pass it between hard
smooth moulding and planishing rolls of the kind represented in elevation in
Figure 1 of the Drawing. I use a set of three moulding rolls, marked a, b, c,
and a
pair of planishing rolls, marked d, e. By the use of three moulding
rolls angle iron may be rolled of a greater length than by the use of two rolls.
The iron is also rolled much quicker and hotter, and the bars produced are
much sounder than those made with two rolls. In using three moulding rolls
the iron is passed backward and forward between the rolls a, b, and the rolls
b, c, proceeding from the larger grooves to the smaller grooves in the rolls:
In front of the rolls I place a pair of scrapers, marked f, g, and h, i, re-
spectively in Figure 1, the figure of the said scrapers being such that as the
angle iron passes into the rolls, both the inner and outer surfaces of the said
angle iron are scraped by the said scrapers and cleaned from adhering scale.
The angle iron thus scraped previously to passing between the rolls is rendered
very smooth by the rolling process.
The scraper f, Figure 1, is supported by and slides upon the bars k, l, and
can by this sliding motion be brought in front of either of the grooves in the
rolls. The said scraper f is capable of being lifted by the lever m, which
passes through a slot in the stalk carrying the said scraper. The lifting of the
scraper f is requisite for the introduction of the angle iron into the grooves of
the rolls. The scraper f is formed at its four angles so as to scrape angle iron
of four different sizes, and either of the four corners may be brought into
operation adjusting the scraper in the required position in the claw, by
which it is carried. The said scraper f, and the claw and stalk by which it is
carried, are represented in detail on a larger scale in Figure 2. Underneath
the scraper f, which scrapes the interior of the angle iron, the block scraper g

page_text: Secondly, the use of planishing rolls in the manufacture of angle iron, as
herein described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing.
Thirdly, the use of scrapers for scraping angle iron as it passes into the
moulding and planishing rolls, as herein described and illustrated in the
accompanying Drawing.
Fourthly, the use of cleaners for keeping the planishing rolls clean and
bright, as herein described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Chapman, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eleventh day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW.
JOHN CHAPMAN. (L.S.)