AN IMPROVEMENT IN Chaff- CUTTING MACHINES
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Gardner, of Banbury, in the County of
Oxford, Ironmonger, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN Chaff-
CUTTING MACHINES."
Sealed the 2nd August 1858, and dated the 13th May 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Gardner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th May 1858.
I, JOSEPH GARDNER, of Banbury, in the County of Oxford, Ironmonger, do
hereby declare. the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
CHAFF-CUTTING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
The chief object of this Invention is to economise the power required to
drive chaff-cutting machines. This I propose to effect by adjusting the knives,
so that instead of each cut being completed by one and the same knife, two or
more knives, constituting a set, shall act in succession to make one cut through
the material fed to the mouth-piece. One or more sets of these knives I
secure by screw bults to a slotted dise or wheel mounted on a shaft, that lies
parallel to the line of feed, and these knives I form of different sizes, so that
the first knife which comes in contact with the feed shall make a shallow cut
through it, & the following knife or knives having a larger radius, will
complete the cut. The knives may be mounted on the same or on opposito
sides of the disc or wheel, the feed motion, whether intermittent or continuous,
being adjusted to suit the action of the knives, and ensure the descent of the
following knife or knives of the same set into the cut made by the knife of the
smallest radius.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Gardner in the Great Scal Patent Office on the
13th November 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
GARDNER, of Banbury, in the County of Oxford, Ironmonger, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patcut, bearing date the Thirteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for IIerself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Joseph Gardner, 1er special license that I, the said Joseph Gardner,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Joseph Gardner, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN CHAFF-CUTTING MACHINES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Joseph Garduer, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause tho
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Gardner, do hereby declare tho
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
The chief object of this Invention is to economise the power required to
drive chaff-cutting machines. This I effect by the use of a peculiar adjust-
ment of the knives, so that instead of each cut being completed by one and the
same knife, or by two knives acting in succession from opposite sides of the
material under operation, two or more convex knives constituting a set shall
act in succession, and in the same direction to make one cut through the
material fed to the mouth-piece.
In the accompanying Drawing I have shewn so much of a chaff-cutter with
my improvements applied as will serve to explain the nature of my Invention,
Fig. 1 being a front elevation of the machine, Fig. 2 a plan view, and Fig. 3
a partial longitudinal section taken in the line 1, 2, of Fig. 2. t, u, is tho

page_text: main framing of the machine, carrying at its upper part the bearings for the
shaft 6 of the fly wheel c, to the arms of which the knives d, d, are bolted.
In Fig. 1, I have shewn two sets of these knives as applied to the fly wheel
arms, but more or less may be employed, if thought desirable, according to the
diameter of fly wheel employed. The knives d have a radius that permits of
their passing through and cutting (as they rotate) about one half the breadth
of the feed presented by the mouth-piece e to their action, and the knives d*
have a radius that enables them, as they revolve, to complete the cut through
the material fed up to the mouth-piece. The knives may be mounted on the
same or on opposite sides of the fly wheel or disc employed to carry them; the
feed motion, whether intermittent or continuous, being adjusted to suit the.
action of the knives, and ensure the descent of the following knife or knives
of the same set into the cut made by the knife of the smallest radius. It
should be remarked that whether the knives of different radius be fixed on the
same or opposite sides of the fly wheel or disc, I propose in either case to set
them in different planes, as indicated in the plan view; and in order to render
them the more efficient in their action, I provide a stepped mouth-piece or a
mouth-piece with one part projecting beyond the plane through which the
knives of small radius move. By this means the material, while under the
action of the knives of larger radius, is held more firmly up to the cut than it
would otherwise be; I do not, however, restrict myself to the use of this novel
kind of mouth-piece.
Having now set forth the nature of iny Invention of "An Improvement in
Chat-cutting Machines," and explained the manner of carrying the same into
effect, I wish it to be understood that under the above in part recited Letters
Patent I claim the means herein-before described whereby I am enabled to
facilitate the cutting action, and thereby economize power in driving chaff-
cutting machines.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Gardner, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Ninth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
JOSEPII GARDNER. (L.s.)