matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE BEARINGS OF THE WHEELS OF VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Reeves at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
September 1869.
I, JOHN REEVES, of Sparkbrook, in the County of Worcester, Gun
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE BEARINGS OF THE WHEELS OF VELOCIPEDES," to be as follows:-
The axles of the driving wheels of velocipedes ordinarily work in fixed
brasses or bearings carried by the forked arm or other part of the velo-
cipede. These fixed brasses or bearings rapidly wear away and require
frequent adjustment to make them accurately fit the rotating axle of
the driving wheel.
My Invention consists in making the bearings of the axles of the
driving and other wheels of velocipedes of a series of rotating surfaces
instead of fixed surfaces as usual. This I effect in the following
manner:-In applying my Invention to the driving wheel of a two-
wheel velocipede I use the ordinary forked arm between which the
driving wheel works, and I arrange in each of the short forks or boxes_
at the bottom ends of the said forked arm three antifriction rollers

page_text: stationed equidistant from each other. Two of the said rollers are
situated in the same horizontal plane, and the third is situated in a lower
plane and between those above it. The axle of the driving wheel is
placed between and bears against the said antifriction rollers or moving
bearing surfaces described. The bottom roller or rotating bearing
surface works in a separate removeable block; this block can be readily
fixed in the fork or box or removed therefrom when the driving wheel is
required to be separated from the frame of the velocipede. The upper
rollers are capable of removal from the fork or box and the bottom
roller from its block when it is required to adjust them or to provide
them with fresh pins or axles.
I do not limit myself to the use of three rollers, as two or more than
three may be employed. By the use of rotating bearing surfaces for the
axles of the driving and other wheels of velocipedes the axle works with
less friction than with fixed brasses; less wear of the bearing surfaces
consequently takes place, and their frequent adjustment is thereby
rendered unnecessary.
My Invention is applicable to velocipedes provided with two, three, or
four wheels.
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR RECEIVING AND REGISTERING OR INDICATING VOTES AT ELECTIONS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Howard Blamires at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th April 1869.
I, THOMAS HOWARD BLAMIRES, of Huddersfield, in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR RECEIVING AND REGISTERING OR INDICATING VOTES AT
ELECTIONS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the taking and registering of votes for
members of Parliament, municipal corporations, boards of guardians, or
other similar purposes by mechanical means or apparatus. This is
effected by moveable indexes such as are now used for counting the
strokes made by the piston of a steam engine, or in gas meters for
registering the quantity of gas passed through, or other similar indi-
cating apparatus actuated by the voter by means of levers, either by
hand or foot, or by a turnstile, the apparatus being so arranged that the
voter can only give the required number of votes. A separate machine
is to be used for each candidate, and the voter on entering the room
actuates the allotted number of machines of his selection, by which

page_text: action the others are locked as well as those he has actuated, and on
leaving the room he unconsciously puts the machines again in order to
receive other votes. Immediately after a vote has been given a bell or
other signal is actuated by the same levers to indicate that the vote has
been correctly given. By this means votes may be given and registered
in succession with unerring certainty, and which require no counting up,
but the numbers appear on the dials at all times; consequently the state
of the poll can be taken at any moment with unfailing accuracy.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MARINE COMPOUND STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John McFarlane Gray at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 22nd December 1869.
I, JOHN MCFARLANE GRAY, of No. 4, Clayton Square, Liverpool, in
the County of Lancaster, Engineer and Shipwright, Surveyor to the
Honorable the Board of Trade, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MARINE COMPOUND STEAM ENGINES," to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of marine compound engines
having separate cranks for the high and for the low pressure cylinders,
or having a single crank & inclined high & low pressure cylinders, and
consists,―
First. In placing the cranks at such an angle to each other that
during the propulsion of the vessel the crank of the low-pressure cylinder
is from 10° to 50° more than 90°, by preference about 30° more than 90°,
in advance of the crank of the high-pressure cylinder.
Second. In so inclining the cylinders when coupled to the same crank
that the time of action of the low-pressure piston when the vessel is

page_text: being propelled is from 10° to 50° more than 90° in advance of the time
of action of the high-pressure piston, by preference 30° more than 90°.
Third. Using in combination with either of the above a separate
cut-off valve on or for the high-pressure cylinder.
Fourth. In combination with either of the above the use of a fly
wheel, preferably a fly wheel with frictional centering.
In the above referred to class of compound marine engines as
ordinarily constructed the cranks are either at right angles or they are
placed so that the high-pressure crank is more than 90° in advance of
the low-pressure crank, and the exhaust from the high-pressure cylinder
begins after the low-pressure piston has advanced a part of its stroke,
hence the best effect of the steam is not obtained. Now according to
my Invention the exhaust in ordinary working begins after the steam is
cut off from the low-pressure cylinder, giving time to raise the pressure
in the casing, so that the piston of the low-pressure cylinder will begin
its stroke with a higher pressure.
In handing an engine constructed in accordance with my Invention
the exhaust will begin before the cut-off in the low-pressure cylinder;
this is allowed then to enable the engine to be started in either direction
from any position of the cranks, but when under way the cut-off on the
low-pressure cylinder is, by the link motion usually employed, or by a
separate cut-off valve, made to take place at the earlier part of the
stroke, so that, except while handing the engines, the exhaust of the
high-pressure cylinder will not begin until after the suppression of the
steam in the low-pressure cylinder, as herein-before described. A
separate expansion valve on the high-pressure cylinder gives the means
of altering the cut-off without changing the time of compression, the
shut up steam being still of considerable pressure increased compression
would be detrimental.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLIPPING AND TRIMMING HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS AND FOR SHEARING SHEEP
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Lamb Hancock at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th May 1869..
I, JAMES LAMB HANCOCK, of Ley Hill, Sutton Coldfield, in the
County of Warwickshire, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLIPPING AND
TRIMMING HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS AND FOR SHEARING SHEEP," to be as
follows:-
The object of my Invention is to construct a pair of scissors or shears
and a comb in one article instead of making them of two articles as is
generally done, by which means the combing and cutting is effected
with one hand of the operator only and at one operation.
The Invention consists in making one of the blades of scissors or
shears used for clipping and trimming horses and other animals and
for shearing sheep with a series of teeth formed during its manufacture,
or after it is made and before being tempered and finished, or after
reducing its temper, whereby when in use the hair or wool becomes
combed or separated by the teeth and facilitates the cutting of the

page_text: same in an even manner and without danger. The teeth are formed
with cutting edges in order to assist the action of the plain blade.
The plain blade acts upon the comb blade a short distance above the
bottoms of the teeth so that the hair or wool is severed by cutting.
In some cases the teeth may be secured to the back of one of the
blades for the same purpose by solder, screws, or rivets, or removable
by being slid in.
IMPROVE-. MENTS IN MECHANISM POR SPINNING WOOLLEN AND, OTHER. YARNS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Scott Battye at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents,, with his Petition, on the 15th.
December 1869:
I, JOHN SCOTT BATTYE, of the Town and County of Stirling, North,
Britain,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-.
MENTS IN MECHANISM POR SPINNING WOOLLEN AND, OTHER. YARNS," to be as.
follows, that is to say:-
This Invention, which relates to improvements. in machinery for
spinning woollen or other yarns, has for its object the simplification of
such mechanism. as well as. the reducing of its cost and rendering such.
machinery more effective than hitherto, and it consists in employing a.
weighted lever so arranged as to act upon certain parts of the driving,
mechanism when it is acted upon by certain. other parts of the said
mechanism, so as to produce the several actions. of drawing out the
spindle frame, "backing "the yarn off the spindles at the end of the
outward travel of the frame, and after this drawing the spindle frame
in on its backward travel. The driving gear consists of three pulleys
which are at successive intervals of time acted upon by the driving belt,
this being shifted from one to the other in manner following, that is to

page_text: -
say: Supposing the driving belt to be on the pulley which produces
the outward travel of the spindle frame, the latter when it arrives at
the end of its travel acts upon a stop or catch by which the lever is
retained in its highest position, the stop or catch being released the
lever falls and throws the belt fork into such position that it passes on to
the "backing off" pulley. The "backing off" the yarn from the spindles
is now effected, that is to say, during the interval that the frame remains
stationary at the end of its travel, and the frame acts upon another
stop or catch which allows the lever to fall still further; thus shifting the
belt on to the pulley which produces the return travel of the spindle
frame, and as the frame is completing its return travel it acts upon a
lever or bell crank which raises the lever herein-before referred to into.
such position that the driving belt is shifted on to the first pulley, or
that which produces the forward travel of the spindle frame, after which
the actions herein-before set forth are continuously repeated..
repeated. The
outward and inward travel of the spindle frame is produced by means
of scrolls or fusees such as are usually employed for that purpose..
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS EMPLOYED FOR GENERATING STEAM
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Jones and Thomas
Sheffield at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 5th April 1869.
We, WILLIAM JONES and THOMAS SHEFFIELD, both of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS EMPLOYED FOR GENERATING STEAM,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention is designed for the purpose of obtaining the greatest
amount of heating surface in the smallest amount of space consistent
with the object for which the Invention is designed, viz. generating
steam and economising fuel, and the improvements consist in con-
structing and arranging within the shell of a boiler a continuous
spiral, or curvilineur, or other formed pipe that will be contained within
a space of the boiler covered by the water; one end of this pipe has an
opening in the back plate of a furnace which may be contained within
the boiler; the heat of the said furnace and products of combustion
enter the opening in the back plate formed by one end of the said pipe,.
from whence they pass in a course through such pipe until what remains

page_text: of the heat thus circulated through the water space of the boiler
becomes finally ejected at the opposite extremity or termination of
the spiral or curvilinear pipe into the outer atmosphere, thus economi-
sing fuel as the products of combustion in their passage become
thoroughly consumed.
IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR FILTERING SACCHARINE SOLUTIONS AND SYRUPS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Lister at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
February 1869.-A communication from abroad by Richard William
Bender, of the City and State of New York, United States of
America.
I, WALTER LISTER, of Chicago, in the State of Illinois, United States
of America, at present residing at Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR FILTERING SACCHARINE SOLUTIONS AND
SYRUPS," a communication to me from abroad by Richard William Bender,
of the City and State of New York, United States of America, to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to more effectively decolorize and
remove extraneous matters from saccharine solutions and syrups. For
this purpose I employ charcoal dust or charcoal in a fine state of division
instead of charcoal in a granular condition as hitherto, and I force the
said solutions or syrups through the said charcoal dust or powder by
pressure produced by a circulating pump, or by the direct application of
steam or other fluid to the surface of the said solutions or syrups.

page_text: The filtering vessel, which may be of any desired outline, although
I prefer a cylindrical vessel placed in a vertical position, is fitted with a
false bottom whereon a blanket or other piece of woven fabric supporting
or carrying the fine charcoal is placed. The said vessel is closed on top
so as to resist great pressure and is fitted with suitable inlet and outlet 5
ways, cocks, and other parts usually employed on a pressure filter.
In some cases I employ a battery of filters, that is to say, the saccharine
solutions or syrups are made to pass through more than one filtering
vessel connected the one into the other,
IMPROVEMENTS IN KEY FASTENINGS FOR RAILWAY CHAIRS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Palliser at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
June 1809.
I, WILLIAM PALLISER, of the Army and Navy Club, Pall Mall, in
the County of Middlesex, a Major in Her Majesty's Army, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KEY
FASTENINGS FOR RAILWAY CHAIRS," to be as follows:-
My Invention has reference to certain improved modes for forcing in
and securing metal keys in railway chairs, whereby they are effectually
prevented from becoming loosened. For this purpose in one arrange-
ment I employ a pair of folding keys, each key having a groove on the
meeting surface, which grooves together form a hole through which a
screw bolt is passed. The head of the bolt being made to bear against
the one end of the one key or wedge, the nut is made to bear against the
opposite end of the other key or wedge, so that by tightening the nut
the wedges are drawn together so as to tighten against the rail and chair,
and they are prevented by the bolt from becoming loose again. In order
to increase the security with which they are held by the bolt I prefer to

page_text: construct the latter with the split conical wedge nut for which I am
applying for Letters Patent, dated 20th May 1869, No. 1613. The wedge
next the chair is formed with fillets or flanges overlapping the sides of
the chair, so as to keep it securely in place.
In another arrangement I form the jaw of the chair with two opposite
inclines, against which and the rail fit two opposite keys, a screw bolt
being passed through holes in both keys or wedges, and the nut
tightened up, the two wedges are drawn together, and thus tightened
against the chair and rail.
In another arrangement I employ one single metal key fitting between
the rail and an incline on the jaw of the chair, and into the narrow end
of the key I screw a bolt, the head of which bears either against the side
surface of the chair only, or against both the chair and the rail, so that
by screwing up the bolt it draws in and thus tightens the key. Or I
arrange the bolt to pass through a hole in the key or wedge and provide
it with a nut on the wide end of the wedge, so that by screwing up
the nut the wedge is driven in tight. The nut of the bolt is in this
case also by preference constructed according to my before-mentioned
Patent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FEEDING BOILERS, AND FOR RAISING AND FORCING FLUIDS GENERALLY
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernst Körting at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
November 1869.
I, ERNST KÖRTING, of Oakley Road, Islington, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FEEDING BOILERS, AND FOR RAISING AND
FORCING FLUIDS GENERALLY," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to injectors with fixed nozzles which are not
adapted to draw up the water or liquid when started, and its object is
chiefly to make these injectors adapted to lift the water so that they
may be placed above the level of the feed water.
My improvements are as follows:-
First. I supply the injector with a small blast pipe having its dis-
charge in the cone between the overflow and the water entrance. This
blast pipe will act the same as the blast pipe in a locomotive chimney.
causing a vacuum in the said cone, which has a very small taper,
and so drawing up the water which begins to flow out of the overflow
pipe.

page_text: Secondly. I place the steam admission valve immediately at the top
of the steam nozzle, its body may even be formed in one piece with this
nozzle, and I construct this valve in a particular manner by supplying
it with a cylindrical prolongation fitting exactly into the upper parts of
the steam nozzle and allowing by small holes the steam to enter into
the interior of the valve which is in communication with the blast
pipe, so that when opened the steam at first rushes only into the small.
blast pipe, drawing up the water in the manner before mentioned; then
when further opened, all of which is effected by the same operation of
turning a screw or moving a lever, the steam nozzle also becomes opened
and the injector started. The blast pipe may be fixed in the steam
nozzle, or it may be movable forming one piece with the steam
valve.
My Invention applies to feeding boilers and to the raising and forcing
of fluids generally.
AN IMPROVED FASTENER FOR DOORS AND WINDOWS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Brookes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th January 1869.-A communication from abroad by John
Dickinson, of New York, in the State of New York, United States
of North America, Merchant.
I, WILLIAM HENRY BROOKES, of Sheffield, in the County of York,
Manufacturer's Clark, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED FASTENER FOR DOORS AND WINDOWS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to an improvement in door and window
fasteners to be used by commercial travellers and other people con-
stantly in the habit of sleeping in hotels, lodging houses, and similar
places.
The fastener consists of a metal shank about one inch in length, five-
cighths in breadth, and one-sixteenth in thickness, and split at one end,
which is turned at right angles to the rest of the shank. The other end
of tho shank is also turned up and rounded so as to fit into a recess
formed in a button to which it is attached by a pin. The fastener is
used by putting the shank in between the door and the door jamb (with

page_text: the split end of the shank towards the door jamb), so that when the
door is shut the split end of the shank is forced into the door jamb,
and the button being turned the door is made fast from the inside. The
fastener when applied to a window is forced between the sash and
frame in like manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF EASY CHAIRS, AND IN THE ORNAMENTAL NAILS FOR THE UPHOLSTERY OF THE SAID CHAIRS, WHICH SAID. IMPROVEMENTS, WHOLLY AND SEPARATELY, ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO RECLINING SEATS,. COUCHES, WHEEL CHAIRS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF FURNITURE
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Cocking at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
August 1869.
I, EDMUND COCKING, of Bradford, in the County of York; Cabinet
and Chair Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF EASY CHAIRS, AND IN
THE ORNAMENTAL NAILS FOR THE UPHOLSTERY OF THE SAID CHAIRS, WHICH SAID.
IMPROVEMENTS, WHOLLY AND SEPARATELY, ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO RECLINING SEATS,.
COUCHES, WHEEL CHAIRS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF FURNITURE," to be as follows
(that is to say):-
I will describe my improvements as applied to an easy chair, and
which consist,-
Firstly. In constructing the chair in two parts, one part forming the
front and back legs, side rails, and arms, corresponding to an ordinary.
easy chair, and the other part forming the seat and back, which is fitted:
and rests on moveable centres so adjusted in the side rails of the stand
or frame of the chair that the seat with the back may be rocked or

page_text: gently pressed back to any reclining position the sitter for greater ease
or comfort may desire.
Secondly. In dividing the arms of such chairs, the lower part being
connected with the frame or stand, and the other forming the pad or
arm rest, being fixed to the back and moving with it. Between these
parts of the arms I introduce india-rubber or other equivalent expanding
or elongating springs of sufficient strength to hold the seat and back in
its true position until inclined by the sitter, who may sit at rest (as in an
ordinary easy chair), rock or recline as desired, and the springs being
concealed the general outline of the chair is not marred by any unsightly
appliances or mechanical disfigurements.
And, thirdly. I purpose ornamenting such chairs with nails formed
by preference of iron with enamelled heads of any suitable shape and
colour, such nails having a separate disc or collar of brass or other
suitable metal stamped, pierced, or otherwise ornamented with a con-
centric hole of the shape and size of the shank of the nail, so that in
use the said collar is placed in position, and a hole made through the
orifice and material for receiving the nail proper, which I apply.and
drive with a hard wood hammer, or such like appliances not calculated
to injure the enamel of the head of the nail, which when driven will
appear as a setting in the centre of the metal collar.
And I will further observe that my improvements thus described
may be readily modified, varied, and adapted to reclining seats and
couches, wheel chairs, and other similar articles of furniture required
for reclining or finished by upholstery.
AN IMPROVED SAFETY BUTTON OR STUD ADAPTED FOR ARTICLES OF DRESS AND OTHER ARTICLES, THE PARTS WHEREOF REQUIRE TO BE FREQUENTLY CONNECTED TOGETHER AND DETACHED
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Pritchard at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition on the 12th
March 1869.
I, EDWARD PRITCHARD, of Fenchurch Street, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
SAFETY BUTTON OR STUD ADAPTED FOR ARTICLES OF DRESS AND OTHER ARTICLES,
THE PARTS WHEREOF REQUIRE TO BE FREQUENTLY CONNECTED TOGETHER AND
DETACHED," to be as follows:-
The nature of this Invention will be better understood by reference
to the method at present employed for affixing or attaching buttons to
articles of dress, such as coats, trousers, waistcoats, and shirts for example,
and which are usually affixed by sewing; and although this Invention
dispenses with this mode of attachment I do not intend to lay any claim
thereto, as I am aware of buttons and such like fastenings having hereto-
fore been so made as to dispense with sewing, namely, by making the
button in two parts, one part screwing into the other. I wish it therefore
to be understood that this Invention consists solely of an improved
method of connecting the parts of the button or fastening together, which
I propose to effect as follows:-I form the button or fastening in

page_text: two parts, which when connected together present the appearance of a
shirt stud. I form the shank of the button in two parts and of short
tubes, one tube being fixed on one part of the button and the other
tube on the other part thereof, and in the centre of one of such said
tubes I fix a screwed pin, and in the hole of the other tube I form a
female screw capable of fitting on to the aforesaid screwed pin. I also
make this tube of such size as to fit within the other tube, so that when
the button thus formed is attached to the article required, which may
be done by first forcing the smaller tube through the material thereof
and then screwing the other tube tightly on the smaller tube, the material
will be firmly held by the shoulder of the larger tube and the shank of
the button left perfectly free for the button hole to pass on to, supposing
this improved button, for example, to be applied to a coat, thus forming
a safe and easy fastening easily detached when required and perfectly
secure when in use.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DRYING GRAIN AND OTHER GRANULAR SUBSTANCES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd September 1869.-A communication from abroad by Alfred
Robert, of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office of Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DRYING GRAIN
AND OTHER GRANULAR SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object to dry grain and other substances in
such a manner that the substance to be operated upon may be fed in
at one end of the apparatus and delivered out at the other, and in its
progress through the apparatus will be thoroughly dried, the grain being
kept in motion all the time.
The apparatus consists principally of a vessel or chamber of any
convenient length and form (cylindrical by preference) for receiving
the grain to be operated upon. The vessel or cylinder is made with
perforated sides for the admission of air to all parts of the mass of grain
contained in the cylinder or vessel. Within this vessel are arranged a

page_text: number of tubes, through which hot air, steam, or hot water is made to
circulate. A central tube or flue extends from end to end of the large
cylinder, and is also perforated with small holes. The bottom end of
this central tube is closed, but the upper end is in connection with an
air pump or other exhausting apparatus for aspirating or drawing air
therefrom.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-The grain is supplied or
fed into the cylinder at the upper end and falls towards the exit
aperture. In its passage it comes in contact with the heated surfaces of
the steam or hot water pipes, which will drive off the damp from the
grain. Upon exhausting air from the inner central tube the external
atmosphere will pass through the perforated sides of the cylinder, and
also through the descending body of grain, and will carry away the
moisture from the grain into the central tube, from whence it will be
carried away by the air pump or exhausting apparatus. When the dried
grain reaches the exit aperture at bottom it will fall out into any
suitable receptacle, the delivery of the grain being regulated by a sliding
door, valve, or other equivalent device.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Macrae at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
March 1869.
I, WILLIAM MACRAE, of Johnstone, in the County of Renfrew, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VELOCIPEDES," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to an improved construction and arrangement
of certain parts of velocipedes. The bushes which carry the spindles of
the wheels are made of brass, gun metal, or other suitable metallic sub-
stance, and a piece projects upwards from them to which the forked part
of the framing is attached by bolts, a recess being by preference formed
in the piece projecting from the bush, and into which the end of the fork
fits. The two forked bars are connected together by a bar extending
from the lower end of the fork which contains the small wheel to the
upper part of the fork to which the larger wheel is attached.
bent to the requisite form, and its lower end is also forked.
part of the fork of the larger wheel passes through a bush, and is
mounted by a hand lever frame for guiding the velocipede. The line for
The bar is
The upper

page_text: actuating the brake is also attached to a spindle on which the handles of
the guiding frame are mounted, and by rotating them tension is imparted
to the brake line. A spring extends from the upper part of the frame to
the upper end of the fork carrying the smaller wheel, and on it the seat
is fixed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the.
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th March 1869.-A communication from abroad by Théophile
Locher, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Accountant General.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the "International Patent Office,'
No. 8, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS,"
munication, to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a system of breech-loading fire-arms, which
I call the "System Paulucci." All portable fire-arms can be reduced
to the system Paulucci. By this system the arm is loaded and dis-
charged in three movements, which being rapidly performed permit the
arm to be discharged about thirty times in a minute. It is very
substantial, safe, and easy to put together, and has only a very small
number of pieces. This system of fire-arms and old fire-arms changed
to this system, therefore, cost much less than any other known fire-arms.

page_text: In order that my Invention may be more fully understood, I have
illustrated it by the accompanying Drawing wherein,―
Figure 1 represents a side view of my improved fire-arm; Figure 2
represents a longitudinal section of the same. In these Figures the same
letters indicate the same parts.
A is the barrel having the breech open; B. is the hammer; C is a
spring bar for holding the hammer; D is a lever for giving movement
to the said bar; E is a trigger for moving the lever and for releasing
the hammer.
In using my fire-arm, as before stated, there are only three movements
to perform; first, the hammer B is raised, and at the same time the
trigger or sear E is pushed forward; second, the charge is taken and.
introduced into the aperture in the barrel A, which is uncovered by
raising the hammer, the charge being pushed into the barrel with the
thumb; third, the trigger E is acted upon as in discharging any other
fire-arm.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SASH PULLIES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Tildesley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
May 1869.
I, MATTHEW TILDESLEY, of Willenhall, in the County of Stafford,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SASH PULLIES," to be as follows:-
My improvements refer more particularly to the description of pullies
for sash frames known as axle pullies and formed of iron, brass, or other
suitable metal. I cast the pulley frame for receiving the bowl in two
counterparts or halves, that is to say, one of the side cheeks and half
of the width of the face plate to each casting upon one of these castings
are formed the pins or rivets for securing the two parts together, and
in the other casting are formed the pin or rivet holes, and in the cheeks
are cast the bosses, countersinkings, or holes for the axle of the pulley
bowl to work in. Or I cast the face plate and one side cheek together,
and the second side check as a separate casting, in which case I also
prefer to cast the rivets for securing the parts upon the one casting
and the rivet holes in the other; or I cast the two side cheeks separately,

page_text: and also the face plate, but with the rivets and rivet holes cast as before
described. Or, again, I cast a cut out or sectional portion of the face
plate with a side cheek in one casting, the remainder of the face plate
and the other side cheek forming the second casting. The castings
are in all cases made to fit each other with accuracy, and the axles and
bowls I also prefer to cast together, thus dispensing with any wrought
iron pins or drilling.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS POR BLOWING ORGANS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Barr at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
December 1869.
I, ALEXANDER BARR, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS POR BLOWING ORGANS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improved blowing apparatus for organs, and
consists in combining with a receiver bellows two duplex feeder bellows
of the kind known as "French feeders," and worked by separate
hydraulic cylinders, with the valve of one cylinder connected to the
piston rod or feeder of the other cylinder. With this arrangement the
feeders act alternately, and as one approaches either end of its stroke it
acts through link and lever connections upon the valve of the other
feeder's cylinder and shifts it into the proper position for continuing the
blowing action. The receiver bellows is loaded as usual to the desired
pressure of air, and its top is connected by a rod to a regulator valve on
the water supply pipe, this valve being constructed by preference like
any suitable known kind of equilibrium valve. In addition to the
regulator valve there is a stop valve on the water supply pipe, and to

page_text: prevent too sudden an action of the wind at starting, in consequence of
the difficulty of opening this valve in a gradual manner by hand or
through cord connections, its lever is connected to that of the regulator
valve or to the receiver in such a way that it is opened only gradually
as the receiver fills, whilst a separate very small water supply pipe is
provided for starting the hydraulic cylinders, the opening of the stop-
cock of which cannot cause any sudden shock. The receiver and feeder
bellows are made with as small and as numerous folds in the sides as
possible so as to economise space.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CIGARETTES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arnold Adámsz at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
July 1869.
I, ARNOLD ADÁMSZ, of Hoxton, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CIGARETTES," to be as follows:-
Heretofore cigarettes have been made up with paper without such
paper having any kind of ornamentation, designs, characters, monograms,
or letter-press, printed, lithographed, photographed, or embossed thereon,
or otherwise applied thereto.
Now one object of my improvements is to render cigarettes orna-
mental by making them up with or applying to them paper upon which
designs have been printed, impressed, or photographed. I also employ
'cigarettes as a useful advertizing medium by making them up with
or applying to them paper having words or characters printed thereon,
by which means also the genuineness of cigarettes of any particular
make can be guaranteed.
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR TOASTING, ROASTING, AND COOKING
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Williams at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
November 1869.
I, JAMES WILLIAMS, the younger, of King's Road, Chelsea, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR TOASTING, ROASTING, AND COOKING,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of a new or improved
apparatus for the purpose of toasting, roasting, or cooking in front of an
open fire-grate, and consists of means of elevating or lowering the
holder and of turning the same, of bringing it nearer to or taking it
away from the heat, and of other improvements appertaining to such
purposes.
The main frame consists of iron wire or har, bent and twisted in order
to form a rectangular shape by the addition of a cross stay at the end
placed nearest the fire, the terminations of the wire or bar being
extended vertically and bent into hooks to clasp the grate bars. A
central slide rod is passed through a ring formed by a bend in the rear

page_text: of the frame, and is attached to two transverse wires with looped ends
capable of sliding on the main frame, and these wires are provided with
diagonal stays meeting in the upper part of the apparatus by loops; two
other diagonal stays extend horizontally towards the rear of the frame,
and through their loops the central rod passes, and a fifth stay extends
from this point to the two upper stays, thin wire bindings serving to
strengthen their connections. The front end of the central rod termi-
nates in a ring through which a vertical rod is passed from beneath
the apparatus and through the three loops of the diagonal stays, their
outward spring gripping the rod and holding it at any desired elevation;
this vertical rod is then bent at a series of right angles so as to form a
rack, within which the article to be cooked or toasted may be placed; it
may be of any internal width desired, and its lower part may be
furnished with cross wires for the better security of its contents. The
terminal of the rack may finally be bent round the top of the rod just
above its junction with the diagonal stays. Consequently the rack may
be turned round and raised or lowered, and will always retain its position
by the antagonistic pull of the stays, which afford sufficient friction for
the purpose; but if necessary a small strut may be carried from a stay
and made to grip the vertical standard or rod. The distance of the rack
in regard to the fire is regulated by the horizontal slide rod. A dripping
pan may be suspended by hooks below the rack when required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SWITCHES AND SIGNALS AND IN THE MODE OF WORKING SAME
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Boyd at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th June
1869. A communication from abroad by Victor Lamquet, of 47,
Rue de la Poste, Brussels.
I, ROBERT BOYD, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, of 67, Strand,
in the City of Westminster, Patent Agents, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SWITCHES AND SIGNALS
AND IN THE MODE OF WORKING SAME," a communication from Victor
Lamquet, of 47, Rue de la Poste, Brussels, to be as follows:-
The improvements consist in the manufacture and the use at a
junction of two or more roads of single or double or more lines of railway,
of suitable levers, rods, trees, eccentrics, and ropes in connection with
switches and signals so arranged, disposed, and worked that the act of
opening one pair of switches and the corresponding signal to give
passage in one direction.causes at the same time all the other switches
of the system to become locked, and also their corresponding signals,
and the roads they govern impassable, by which means a collision is
rendered impossible as only one way can be opened and passed at a

page_text: time. Any number of switches and signals may be worked together in
connection and as a system, thus suppose the junction of a double line
of rails with a double line of rails having two pair of switches and
their attendant signals, the opening of one pair with its attendant signal
at "safety" causes the other pair to close with its attendant signal or
signals at "danger," one or more signals may be used on each road and
be actuated by or from the lever of each switch, and the signal may be
put near to or at any convenient distance from the switches, and a
double set of signals used when necessary to shew on each railway.
The improvements may be conveniently performed by making and
using one or more switch boxes with balanced lever handles like those
in general use, but the lever handles must have attached to them
suitable rods or chains, and be made to work on an axle carrying
eccentric discs or levers, to which, as well as to the lever handles, may
be attached chains or ropes working over and round suitable pullies and
actuating the signals and switches as desired; or the tree or standard
carrying the axle or axles on which the levers work may be supplied
with suitable apparatus to which the signal and switch actuating rods
or chains may be affixed. The levers, rods, trees, eccentrics, and the
rods and ropes connecting them and the attendant signals may be made
of metal and the parts properly adjusted and proportioned for effecting
the various movements required.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SOLITAIRES, LINKS, AND FASTENERS, APPLICABLE TO GLOVES, BELTS, BANDS, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Whitefield Row, of Alton, in the County
of Hants, Silversmith and Jeweller, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SOLITAIRES, LINKS, AND FASTENERS, APPLICABLE TO GLOVES, BELTS,
BANDS, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES."
Sealed the 20th July 1869, and dated the 8th February 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Whitefield
Row at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 8th February 1869.
I, RICHARD WHITEFIELD ROW, of Alton, in the County of Hants,
Silversmith and Jeweller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven⚫
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SOLITAIRES, LINKS, AND FASTENERS, APPLICABLE TO
GLOVES, BELTS, BANDS, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES," to be as follows :—
This Invention consists of the construction of a screw fastener and nut
with hook combined for an eyelet hole in the glove, band, or belt, thus

page_text: forming an unique and easy appliance, instead of the plans heretofore in
use for glove, neckband, sleeve link, and belt fastener.
Heretofore most fasteners applicable to the glove or like material have
one portion permanently attached; now my Invention, by the aid of
screw and nut, can be fixed without detriment, and by those means a
thorough tension is attained by reason of the screw biting on to the
material, thus insuring perfect safety for the solitaire, studs, and other
ornamental articles of value, and capable from time to time of being
easily removed. These solitaires or fasteners combine great safety with
general utility, are applicable for sleeve links, gloves, neckbands, belts,
general ornamental fittings, and other like articles where the means of a
portable connection are required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONSUMING SMOKE AND SAVING FUEL
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Kenyon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th August
1869.
I, JAMES KENYON, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONSUMING SMOKE AND SAVING FUEL," to
be as follows:-
My improvements are applicable to steam boiler and other furnaces of
the ordinary construction having doors with air apertures, and the improved
apparatus consists of a plate or plates placed in the boiler flue under-
neath the fire-bars, and on the inner end of the plate or plates is built
the bridge; or a pipe can be used or any other suitable arrangement by
which the air is heated and passed along the flue and brought in contact
with the back part or end of the fire, or the air can be conducted into
the flames through one or more perforated pipes placed over the fire.
At the entrance of the air passage along which the heated air passes is
fixed a small door, which is worked either by hand, or by the furnace
door, or other machinery. There are also a number of bricks or heat

page_text: retainers (which may be made of clay or other suitable materials) placed
in the boiler flue at suitable angles, and in the positions required for
guiding the heated air to the flames. Among these bricks or heat
retainers the heated air passes from the air conducter, which assists
the bricks or heat retainers to consume the smoke, and as the heat
retainers are made excessively hot when the furnace fire is good the
heat which would otherwise have passed up the chimney is retained, and
as the fire cools down previous to being replenished with fuel the heat
retainers throw off the excessive heat they have retained, to be in
readiness for another supply of heat when the fire is again replenished
with fuel, thereby both consuming the smoke and saving fucl.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING CERTAIN TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Milne Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd August 1869.
I, SAMUEL MILNE SMITH, of the Firm of Samuel Smith and Company,
of Horton Dye Works, Bradford, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING
CERTAIN TEXTILE FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a method or means of piece dyeing certain
fabrics known as mohair and alpaca lenos. Heretofore such fabrics have
usually been dyed in the yarn or been manufactured of dyed yarn.
Now my improvements consist in dyeing such fabrics when woven in
the grey or of undyed yarn, and to effect which I first dry steam them,
and then dye them cold or at a temperature not exceeding 80 degrees
of Fahrenheit's thermometer. By this method or means I prevent
cockling or shrinking of the fabric, which has been the case when such
fabrics have been attempted to be dyed by the usual methods of piece
dyeing.