Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Apr., 1887
Complete Left, 23rd Jan., 1888
Complete Accepted, 16th Mar., 1888
FREDERICK AUGUSTUS RICHARDSON 107 Holloway Road London N. Hosier do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in rotary brushes such as are now
generally used by hairdressers and my object is to cause the brush to revolve by
a combination of Springs and gearing similar to that described in my previous
Applications Nos. 6086 May 18, '85. 5069 April 12, '86. Time is sought by this
Application to further improve the details already given as well as the winding
arrangements, being part of said machine brush. Patent No. 6086 May 18, '85
describes the using of gearing with a spring or springs acting at once. Patent
No. 5069, April 12, '86 describes a series of springs without gearing. By a com-
bination of these I mean: using a series of springs as in No. 5069 with the
addition of gearing similar to that shewn in No. 6086. Also using more than
ono spring in each box if desired to prevent the complete breaking down of
machino if a spring gave way. Experience shews the amount of power required would
make it almost impossible to get a really good result from Patent No. 6086.
There would be a still greater difficulty in getting a large number of revolutions
out of 5069, the springs becoming jammed in winding if more than four or five
springs are used on account of the great leverage created also a spring breaking
makes machine quite useless, which is overcome by using two or more springs
together in same box: boss on box would form snail to fix spring to.
1007

page_text: I FREDERICK AUGUSTUS RICHARDSON 107 Holloway Road N. Hosier do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and-by-the-following
statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in rotary brushes such as are now generally
used by hairdressers and my object is to cause brush to revolve by a combination of
springs and gearing similar to that described in my previous Applications No. 6086-
May 18, '85, No. 5069 April 12, 86.
The said machine to be placed inside a cireular brush acting on brush by the
revolving of its cylinder on which the brush slides, or used separately from brush in
which case machine would be fixed hung or placed in any position, either upon the
person of operator the chair itself or in any part of room where used. The rotary
motion would then be communicated to brush by means of a rubber or endless driving
Fand or other means acting on a grooved wheel attached to brush as well as to driving
power.
Another way would be to fix machine in a frame also containing brush which by
keeping the two in a certain relative position would reduce the friction on driving
band. A brush used with a machine as described will dispense with the necessity for
a second assistant to work it as is now the case with present machinery.
I construct machine by placing a spindle (a) into and between two handles to one
of which () it is fixed rigid for purpose of holding and the other (c) having a screw
joint for purpose of applying brake power: the distance between said handles would
allow of a suitable cylinder being swung loose on axis capable of revolving and con-
taining the after described mechanism. The cylinder would have bearings at both
ends to one end would also be attached the last pinion (e) by which means cylinder
would be revolved by the action of its self contained mechanism. Cylinder would
protect the mechanism from dirt &c. and also become by means of a raised or other
seam the method of fixing brush cylinder (f) to itself for purpose of being revolved
with it. The spindle would therefore be a fixture when handles were being held and
capable of revolving when cylinder was being held. The cylinder would contain two
or more boxes (Fig. 2) holding springs as well as multiple gearing, each box would
contain one or more springs divided by plates or washers. If only one spring was
used in each box a spring breaking would disable machine entirely the more springs
put in each box the less loss of power when one breaks. For purpose of saving
weight boxes would be skeleton castings or could be built up of plates bound with caps
or other means. Each box would have on one side a tubular socket or boss, which
would penetrate the opposite side of corresponding box: this boss or socket would
be made in the form of a snail (Figs. 3 & 4) on its outer surface so as to form hook
for spring to catch against, boss could either be part of casting or a loose piece with

page_text: key head to fix by. A series of these boxes would be strung on spindle and of proper
size to revolve inside cylinder. The first box (g) would be keyed or fixed to spindle
and the last box () would be ponetrated by a snail boss carrying an inner toothed
or other wheel (i) this wheel would transmit its action to centre of machine through
two pinions, the pinion (e) being fixed to end of said cylinder. The intermediate
pinion () would be held in position by an arm (!) screwed or otherwise fixed to
spindle. Any kind of gearing (frictional or otherwise) can be arranged in cylinder.
Fig. 1 shews an inner toothed wheel which also can be used in various ways. The
revolutions in the machine would consist of the number of turns in each spring box
multiplied by the number of boxes and its gearing. The winding or putting springs
in a state of tension can be performed by holding cylinder which has a boss (m)
with flats for that purpose engaging with a fork (n) on stand or other ways, and
turning the handle () which is fixed to the spindle, by means of a crank or key-
for the purpose of obtaining speed or power a pair of bevelled or other wheels would
be used fixed on stand, stand would be fixed to floor or used as a bracket and fixed to
wall or otherwise, operating chair can easily be used for winding purposes. The boss
on winding pinion would be made into a flat key to penetrate and engage the
handle (6). One handle (c) would be fitted with female screw piece acting on malo
screw piece fixed to spindle: the action of machine trying to revolve when wound
draws the handle towards it and locks itself-turning handle away consequently allows
machine to revolve with required speed, the end of cylinder (d) is in this way locked
between fixed spring box (g) inside and revolving handle (c) on the outside, thin
washers of leather would prevent scratching of surface. Springs would be similar to
ordinary clock springs and fitted on their inner coil with a flat hook made out of
spring itself or otherwise and outer coil by a bar passing through loop of spring
and sides of box-the snail pattern boss (Fig. 4) to which spring engages would act as
a ratchet and prevent the spring breaking when back gearing. If wanted machine
can be suspended (Fig. 6) by balance weight or weights run over a sheaf or sheaves
and attached by hooks or rings passing over handles or similar result can be obtained
without sheaves by using elastic material also by rods or other arrangement fitted
with spring balance piece. Circular brush would be made of Corticine and bristles
having a metal lining with hollow seam to fit raised seam on cylinder or corresponding
raised seam which when passed over machino cylinder would engage with its duplicato
its outer edges would require bands to complete the circle, and binding with thin
metal at scam. Any other material can be treated in the same manner the advan-.
vantages of using any clastic material would be a saving of cost in making as it
could be worked up in a flat piece and then made circular by means of inner cylinder
and outside rings. The metal lining would also protect the wire used in drawing
bristle, other material than metal could be used for lining inside, having similar result.
Sheet of drawings affixed will aid and more fully describe machine.
Fig. 1. Section with brush attached shewing one of the ways of using gearing.
Fig. 2. Section of spring box shewing tubular socket as described also division
plate as used with 2 springs.
Fig. 3. Profile of same box shewing position of the snail on outside of tubular
socket.
Fig. 4. Section of snail, this part could be bushed both ends to save friction.
Fig. 5. Plan of winding stand shews method of using bevelled wheels, with brush
attaclied ready for winding.
Fig. 6. One of the methods of using suspending balance with brush attached ready
for.use..-
a Spindle.
b Handle fixed.
c Handle working on screw piece acting as brake.
d Machine cylinder.
e Pinion attached to cylinder.
Brush cylinder.
First spring box shewing method of fixing and boss for brake to act against.

page_text: engaging wICH DOSS (E).
Having now particulary described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare what I
claim is,
1st. The Application to a hair brush of the particular spring power mechanism as
shewn consisting of-a-series-of-springs.and inner toothed or other gearing enclosed
in and revolving a cylinder over which brush is placed or otherwise used as described.
with or without cylinder, in any position.
2nd. The principle of making boxes for springs with snail sockets either part of
castings or otherwise as described when applied to a series of springs.
3rd. The principle of using any number of springs (divided by washers) in cach
box, when used with the particular spring power mechanism as described, to lessen
the consequences of a spring breaking.
4th. The uso of a single spring in each box being part of said-machine.
5th. The use of a suspended "balance for sustaining weight of machine produced
from balance weights, spring balance or clastic material, when applied to a hair
brushing machine.
6th. The screw brake-as-arranged-being-part of handle as applied to a hair brushing
machine.
7th. The method of winding described when applied to a hair brushing machine-
Sth. Making brushes with metal lining as described having a raised or hollow seam
to fix by and outer rings to complete circle.
9th. The using of Corticine for the making of circular or rotary brushes fitted as
described.
Dated this 23rd day of January 1888.
FREDERICK AUGUSTUS RICHARDSON.