IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINERY, TOOLS, OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING, PLANEING,. AND TURNING METAL AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1837

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, Josepn
HALEY, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker, send
greeting.
WHEREAS His late most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth, by
His Letters Patent, under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-eighth day of March, in the seventh year of His
reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Joseph Haley, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said Joseph Haley, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, and such others as I, the said Joseph Haley, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time, and at all times during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,.
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "Certain:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINERY, TOOLS, OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING, PLANEING,.
AND TURNING METAL AND OTHER SUBSTANCES;" in which said Letters Patent is.
contained a proviso that I, the said Joseph Haley, shall cause a particular.
description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same.
is to be performed, to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery.
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in

page_text: part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto
had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I the said
Joseph Haley, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described
and ascertained in the Drawings hereto annexed, and the following explanation
thereof, that is to say:
My Invention of certain improvements in the machinery, tools, or apparatus
for cutting, planeing, and turning metals and other substances consist, in the
first place, in the arrangement and disposition of certain mechanism or
apparatus calculated to perform the operation of cutting up, trimming, or
squaring the sides of nuts and bolt heads, in order to give them a bright, square,
and accurate finish, and also that all the sides of each nut or bolt head shall
be of equal dimensions and exact correspondence to each other whether their
forms be hexagonal, octagonal, or of any other polygonal figure. This improved
cutting engine is so constructed, as to be self-acting, that is, requiring no other
operator or attendant than a boy to supply the rough nuts or bolts to the
machine as they leave the forge, and remove them when the heads are squared
or finished.
Secondly, my improvements in planeing metals consist in a new and
improved arrangement of those parts, called the motions of the ordinary
planeing machine which govern or regulate the horizontal movements or
traversing of the tool carrier along the cross side when the cutting tool is
planeing a straight or flat surface, or in lifting the cutting tool from its work
after the whole length of the cut has been performed, and, when it is
necessary, to reverse the motion of the table, in order to take the successive
parallel cuts as the tool traverses across the machine. Also in a new method
of performing the vertical motion of the tool carrier when planeing a per-
pendicular, bevilled, or any angular surfaces, or performing a downward cut;
and the arrangements of these improved motions, (as will be hereafter
described,) enable me to dispense entirely with the inconvenient arrangement
of the pullies and bands which are employed for the above purpose
the ordinary planeing machines.
in
many
of
Thirdly, my improvement in turning metals consists in a peculiar con-
trivance for throwing the back shaft of the headstock of the ordinary geared
lathe in and out of gear at. pleasure by the adaptation of eccentric bushes or
bearings, thereby dispensing with the various pieces and fittings usually
applied to lathes for the purpose of communicating a slow motion to the
running parts of the headstock.

page_text: In order that my improvements may be more particularly explained, I have
attached to these Presents two Sheets of Drawings, representing different
views of the several machines I have referred to.
Sheet 1, Fig. 1, represents a front elevation of my improved cutting engine
for squaring nuts, bolt heads, &c.; Fig. 2, a side or end elevation of the same,
taken at the left hand of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a vertical section, taken longi-
tudinally through about the middle of the machine; Fig. 4 is a horizontal
view, as seen from above; and Fig. 5 is a representation of the underside of
the machine, it being supposed to be turned bottom upwards in order to shew
the working parts (which are situated underneath the headstock) more
distinctly. The upright standards or framing of the machine a, a, support a
bed. b, b, which carries the headstock c, c; this bed b, b, is provided with
bevilled. slides or angular V edges d, d, in order to allow the headstock to
slide longitudinally backwards and forwards, as may be required. The head-
stock c, c, is also partially supported by an intermediate plate of metal or
bed e, e, which is likewise provided with bevilled sliding or V edges f,f,to-
admit of the headstock with the gearing traversing across the machine hori-
zontally and at right-angles to the former slide d, d. A shaft g; g, which
receives the driving power from the pulley h, is mounted in the headstock c, c,
and carries the pinion i, which being in gear with the toothed wheel j com-
municates rotary motion to the shaft k, k. About the middle of this shaft k
there is a pulley m, which may receive the driving power direct from the line
of shafting in cases where the tool is not required to be particularly steady and
true in its cut (the pinion i being first put out of gear). An upright spindle
or arbor n, n, which is surrounded by a cylindrical guide or bearing o, o, is
mounted in the socket or support p, which is secured in its proper position on.
to the bed b, b, of the machine. These parts will be more readily under-
stood by reference to Figures 6, which are detached, and sectional views of the
arbor or spindle n, n, and the parts in immediate connexion therewith. The.
nut, which is intended to be trimmed or squared in the machine, is screwed;
upon the upper end of the spindle or arbor n as shewn at 2, 2, and the bolts
are to be screwed into an arbor or spindle formed with a socket as at n', n'.
In order to put the machine in operation, the attendant turns the balance
wheel r, which is fixed upon the horizontal screwed shaft s underneath the bed
of the machine; (see the reversed view, Fig. 5). This screw, shaft s works.
in the nut. t, which is made fast to the headstock c, c, (carrying the gearing
and the cutting tool), therefore the headstock is made to advance upon the
sliding edges of the bed b, b, and consequently to present the rotary cutter to
the nut when it is in a proper position to comnience facing or trimming up

page_text: that side of the nut which is parallel to the side or face of the cutting tool, see
Figures 1, 2 and 4: now, as the headstock has advanced longitudinally towards
the nut to be squared, a rectangular horizontal motion of the headstock carry-
ing the cutter is required, in order to traverse the cutting tool across the bed b,
and advance the cutter gradually along the side of the nut, until the whole of its
surface has been trimmed or faced up. The requisite motion is obtained by
means of the pinion u, which is fixed upon the outer end of the shaft k, k, taking
into the wheel v upon the stud or pin w; upon this stud another pinion a is
also fixed, which gears with the toothed wheel y upon the end of the horizontal
shaft, supported in bearings in the bed of the machine; (see the underside
view, Figure 5). On the shaft a conical tappet or eam roller l' is mounted
fast revolving with it; and a bolt or pin 2, which passes through a mortice in
the bottom of the headstock, and carries a square piece of metal 3, upon which
the surface of the conical tappet 1 acts as it revolves in contact with it. It
will now be seen, that as the bolt or pin 2 is made fast to the headstock c, by
tightening the nut at its upper end, the conical surface of the tappet or can roller
1 acting against the block or tail piece at the end of the pin 2, will thus drive
the bolt, and with it the headstock (carrying the cutter) horizontally across the
machine, and necessarily advance the cutter upon the nut or bolt head under
operation. Four different views of this conical tappet or cam roller detached, are
shewn at Figures 7; it will be found, that when this tappet has completed an
entire revolution, the cutting tool has also completed surfacing one side of the
nut under operation, and the pin 2 with its tail piece 3 immediately escapes the
conical surface, and slides along the step or fall which is formed in the cone,
and the spring 4, acting against the stud 5 fixed into the bottom of the head-
stock, forces the headstock back into its former position, when it is ready to
make a similar advance across the machine, and trim up or square the
remaining sides of the nut or bolt head, as they are successively presented to the
face of the cutting tool; as it will be found necessary to encrease the distance or
length of the traverse of the headstock and cutting tool across the machine, in
the event of a larger nut or bolt head being placed under operation; 'this is
effected by loosening the nut from the top of the pin 2, and sliding it in the
mortice cut in the bottom of the headstock, which is done by turning the
small screwed shaft 6, (see Figure 1) running through the pin 2, and bearing
against the end of the mortice; for this purpose, I thus encrease or diminish
the length of the stroke, by sliding the tail piece of metal 3, along the varied
surface of the conical tappet 1, and thereby obtain a greater or less driving
surface as may be required, and to accommodate this sliding upon the surface
of the cone, the tail piece 3 is allowed to turn freely upon the piu 2. At.the

page_text: time that the tail piece 3 escapes from the surface of the conical tappet 1, and
the cutter returns to make a second movement across the machine, the position
of the nut or bolt head under operation must be changed, in order to present
a fresh rough side to the cutter; this is effected in the following manner :-
Upon the horizontal shaft z, there is also another tappet or cam 7; this cam
is cylindrical as to its periphery, but has one side or edge formed as a helical
inclined plane or single turn of a worm or screw, which will be best seen in
Figures 3 and 5; and as it revolves with the shaft z, its curved edge bears
against the tail or end of a moveable bar 8, which slides in bearings formed
in the bed b, b; to this bar a small rack of spur teeth 9 is attached, which
takes into a corresponding toothed quadrant 10, and this quadrant runs
loosely round the cylindrical guide o, o,; with this toothed quadrant is also
cast a tail or projecting piece, which carries the pall or click 11. Now when
the tappet roller 7 has made an entire revolution, the bar 8 will have slidden
outwards, and the quadrant 10, and with it the click 11, will have arrived at
the position shewn by dots in Figure 5. The spring 12, acting against the
stud or projecting pièce 13 fixed on to the bar, will force the bar again inward
as it escapes the end of the inclined plane, and resumes its former position as
seen in Figure 3; this return of the bar (which takes place at the same
instant that the cutting tool has finished one side of the nut), causes the click
11 to drive the ratchet wheel 14 round, and with it the cylindrical socket o,
to which it is firmly attached, and the spindle or arbor n carrying the nut or
bolt head under operation also receives the rotary motion imparted to its
carrier or socket o, o, and thus presents another side of the nut to the action
of the cutting tool. It will be seen by reference to Figures 1 and 4, that
there is a dividing plate 15 also attached to the spindle or arbor n, and its
socket or carrier o, o; this plate 15 must be equally divided into as many
parts as there are sides upon the nut or bolt head intended to be squared, and
having notches cut in its periphery, corresponding with the number of sides of
the nut or bolt head; the one shewn in the Drawing being hexagonal. Now
in order to release the catch lever 16 which retains the plate, and with it the
arborn in its proper position while the nut is being trimmed or squared,) there
is a small hook or catch piece 17 which is moveable on a pin placed in the back
of the sliding bar 8, and as the bar 8 is projected by the rotation of the tappet
roller 7, the hook 17 rises over and catches hold of the tail of the small lever
18, which being fixed at the reverse end of the same pin or shaft that carries the
catch lever 16, it will be removed from the notch in the divided plate 15, and
allow it to be turned partially round until the catch lever falls into the next
notch or division, and retains the plate and with it the nut in a proper position

page_text: for the action of the cutting tool; the piece forming the small rack of teeth 9
is allowed to slide loosely a short space, by its adjusting screws running in
mortices cut in the bar 8 (see Figure 3), in order that the catch lever 16 may
be released from the dividing plate prior to the revolution, that is, that this:
motion of releasing the dividing plate may slightly overrun the motion for
turning the plate, although both are gained from the same source; viz., the
tappet or cam roller 7 and sliding bar 8. When it is required to place a nut
or bolt head in the machine to be squared varying in dimensions from any
that have already been operated upon, a different spindle or arbor n will be
required with its screwed end or socket corresponding to the diameter of the
nut or bolt head about to be worked, the spindle n therefore which is in the
machine must be removed by turning the swivel handle 19, which will unscrew
the nut and release the spindle from its bearings, thus allowing it to be drawn
out of its socket altogether that another may be introduced. It will be very
obvious to a practical mechanic that a slight modification of this machine will
render it equally applicable to cutting teeth in the peripheries of wheels, and
any other similar process. A small mandril may also be introduced into the
socket on the end of the shaft k, instead of the cutting tool, and upon this
mandril the tops and bottoms of nuts and bolt heads may be faced up as in an
ordinary lathe.
My second improvement is in the planing machine, and consists prin-
cipally of a new arrangement of those parts or mechanism immediately in
connection with the "cross slide" of the machine upon which the tool carriage
performs its horizontal traverse across the machine while planeing a flat or
horizontal surface; also in an improved arrangement of those parts of the
mechanism which operate upon the tool slide in the carriage, in order to
perform the vertical motion of the cutting tool while planeing either a
perpendicular or any bevilled or angular surface; and also in a new
arrangement of mechanism for lifting the tool from the surface of the work
after the completion of every cut. These improvements will be better under-
stood by reference to Sheet 2, in which Fig. 8 is a front elevation of that
portion of a planeing machine which represents the headstocks, cross slide,
and tool carriage, with the bed of the machine shewn in section; and Fig. 9
is a partial plan or horizontal view of the machine with the driving gear
attached. a, a, is the ordinary bed of the planeing machine supporting the
table b, b, upon which the work intended to be planed is secured; c, c, are
the headstocks or upright standards which support or carry the cross slide d, d,
and e, e, e, e, represents the ordinary system of screwed shafts and gearing
intended for the purpose of raising or lowering the cross slide d, d, and with

page_text: it the tool carriage, as the dimensions of the work to be planed may require.
The driving power is communicated to this machine by a strap passing from
a drum upon the common line shafting and round the pulley f. This pulley
runs loosely upon its shaft g, and its pinion takes into a wheel h keyed upon
the shaft i, which also carries a pinion j upon its other end. gearing with the
wheel upon the shaft, driving that shaft and with it the chain pulley m,
consequently the chain which is passed round this pulley m, being also attached
to the table b, b, the table is drawn along the bed of the machine, and the
tool will now perform its cut in the usual manner. It is to be understood
that stops are to be applied to the slides of the table, which stops or projections
run against the adjustable stop pieces n upon the longitudinal rod or bar o, o,
so that when the whole length of the cut has been made the strap lever p, p,
being connected by a joint to the bar o, and having its fulcrum at q, will be
vibrated, and consequently shift the strap from the pulley f to the pulley r.
This pulley r is keyed fast upon the shaft g, & drives the pinion s, which
gearing with the wheel by means of the intermediate or carrier wheel u,
drives the pinion j upon the shaft i, and thus the wheel k and chain pulley m
are driven the reverse way in order to return the table and bring the work
back ready to receive another cut, and, owing to the difference of the speeds
which are shewn in the wheels h and t, the return of the table is made twice
as fast as the advance of the same, in order that as little time as possible may
be lost when the tool is not in action. Previously to the return of the table
the cutting tool, which is shewn at v, has to be canted or pushed a slight
degree obliquely, in order that its cutting edge shall not touch the work as the
table returns, which is effected as follows:-There is a hollow cylindrical shaft
or tube w, w, extending along the whole length of the cross slide, and nearly
surrounding the screwed shaft a, a, which gives the horizontal traverse to the
tool carriage. This hollow shaft or tube w, w is connected by a box a to a
short lever y. At the end of this lever y there is a pin and socket connecting
it to the perpendicular rod or connecting link z.
The lower end of this rod z
is also connected by a similar lever to the horizontal shaft 1, 1, passing across
the bed of the machine, and by means of a small upright lever at its other
end it is connected to the longitudinal rod or bar o, o, which rod, as it is
slidden along by the steps upon the table after every cut has been performed
also vibrates the short levers at each end of the shaft 1, 1, and by means of
the rod
and lever y the hollow shaft or tube w is turned partly round.
Upon a sliding boss on this hollow shaft w, immediately behind the
cutting tool v, is a small cam or inclined plane 2 (see the sectional plan
and side views of the tool carriage and cross slide) Figs. 10 and 11,

page_text: which as the tube w revolves projects the pin 3 against the small tail-
piece 4, sliding upon the square upright shaft 5. At the bottom of this
square shaft 5 there is a similar tail piece 6, which will project the small
pin 7, as the square shaft 5 is moved partly round by the action of the
pin 3. The pin 7 presses against the tail of the spring 8, and thus pushes
the tool a little out of the perpendicular, as shewn by dots in Fig. 11, and
prevents it touching the work that has been planed, and as the table returns
to the succeeding cut, the tool will be brought to its upright or cutting posi-
tion by the stops on the table moving the longitudinal bar o the reverse way,
thus relieving the tail of the spring 8 from pressure, when its other end will
cause the tool to resume its former position. Now, as the table b, b, has
arrived at the end of its journey, and the whole length of the cut has been
performed, immediately after the tool has been lifted from the work under
operation, the horizontal traverse of the tool carriage has to be made upon
the cross slide, in order to bring the tool into a position capable of taking
another cut parallel to the one which has just been made. This is done by
means of a small pin or stud 9, also fixed in the lever y, which pin 9 by acting
against two projecting pieces 10, 10, placed at the back of the box 11, causes
the box to revolve, and with it the catch or click 12, and the catch 12 being
in gear with the ratchet wheel 13 in the box, and keyed fast upon the screw
x, rotary motion is thus given to the screw working in the nut 14 attached to
the tool carriages, which will traverse the carriage as required. It will be
seen by reference to the auxiliary Fig. 12, that there is a mortice cut in
the box 11; this is for the purpose of adjusting the distance of the stop picces
10, 10, and thus regulating the length of the traverse, or breadth of the cut
by allowing the box to revolve more or less, and causing the click to take a
greater or less number of teeth of the ratchet wheel upon the end of the
screwed shaft æ. There is a small projecting handle upon the catch or click
12, for the purpose of putting either end of the catch into gear with the
ratchet wheel, and which being held by a back spring, thus causes the screwed
shaft to traverse the tool carriage either to the right or to the left. When
it is required to make a downward cut, as in those cases where the tool has to
plane a perpendicular or angular surface, the tool slide has to receive a ver-
tical motion which is given in the following manner, the small handle 15
(see the tool carriage in Fig. 8) first being pressed downwards will put all the
parts in gear that are connected with this motion. Supposing the two move-
able stops 10, 10, in the box 11, are fixed as shewn at their fullest extent, the
pin upon the lever g will then have no power over them, and the screw a will
be immoveable, but the action of that lever will continue to effect the tabe or

page_text: hollow shaft w, after the end of every cut as before described; upon the sliding.
boss of the tube w, there is also a bevilled tooth segment 16, working into
an intermediate double bevil wheel 17, communicating motion to the pinion
18, which is loose upon the lower end of the vertical screw 19, but the action
of the small handle 15, having first locked this pinion 18 to the vertical screw
by means of the catch box 20, it is now thrown into gear. The vertical screw
shaft 19 being now in absolute connection with the travelling table, the
tool carriage will be brought down in its slide after the completion of every
cut by means of this vertical screw working into the nut 21 at the upper part
of the tool slide.
My third improvement is in the lathe for turning, and consists in the
application of eccentric brasses or steps acting as bearings for the back shaft,
and forming a ready and expeditious mode of throwing it in and out of gear,
as may be required, in order to obtain or dispense with the slow motion of the
lathe. This will be better understood by reference to Sheet 2, Fig. 13 being
a front elevation of the ordinary fast headstock of a lathe, which is represented
partially in section at Fig. 14, an end elevation of the headstock, and Fig. 15,
a vertical section taken across the middle of the same. a, a, is the headstock,
which supports the mandril 6 carrying the speed pullies c, c; d is a bracket,
bolted on to the headstock and carrying the back shaft c. This back shaft
runs in bearings or brasses f, f, and these brasses are made eccentric, as
shown at the auxiliary Figures 15. It will be seen, that the back shaft of
the lathe e, e, is made hollow, in order to admit of a square shaft g, g, being
passed through it, and this shaft g, also passing through holes in the flanges or
ends of the brasses, couples them or keeps them square to each other, pre-
venting one being turned round without the other. A small handle h is put
upon one end of the square shaft, and it will be seen that when this handle is
turned either backwards or forwards half a revolution, the brasses in which
the back shaft e, e, bears, being eccentric, that shaft, with its wheel and
pinion, will be thrown out of gear with those upon the mandril of the lathe.
Fig. 14 represents the gearing of the back shaft out of gear; and Fig. 15
shews the same in gear with that upon the mandril.
Having now described the particular features of my improvements, and the
mode of carrying the same into practical operation, I desire it to be understood
that I do not intend to claim any of the well-known parts of any of the
machines I have above referred to, nor to confine myself to any of the sizes or
dimensions of any of the new parts or mechanism I have described; but
I claim as my Invention,―
Firstly, the improved construction and arrangement of mechanism and