Improvements in Roofs and Roofing.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 15th July, 1897
Complete Specification Left, 14th Apr., 1898-Accepted, 15th July, 1898
Improvements in Roofs and Roofing.
I, FRITZ BEER, Junior, holder of the Firm C. F. Beer Sons, Manufactory of
Tar-products, of Cologne, on the Rhine, Richard Wagnerstreet 62, in the Province
of Rhineland and Kingdom of Prussia, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion to be as follows:-
In the edging hitherto in use for wood-cement (vulcanite) and gravelled paste-
board roofing the so-called edge lining and the so-called gravel-ledge (both made
of zinc-plate) were connected with each other by soldering, and each of the two
parts formed a strip made of pieces soldered together and running along the whole
length of the building.
Since both the edge-lining where it is uncovered as well as the gravel-ledge are
directly exposed to the rays of the sun it was natural that in the case of long
buildings in consequence of the different expansion of the strips of zink, the edge
lining and the gravel-ledge became cracked.
As regards the gravel-ledge this is truly of no great consequence, although it
is not beautiful but in the case of the edge-lining the crocks are to far injurious
as the water penetrates through them into the boarding, wetting the masonry and
the ceiling thus necessitating expensive and difficult repairs and counteracting
any advantages that this kind of roof may possess.
These disadvantages are to be obviated by the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows the new edging in transverse section. Figs. 2, 3 and 4 different
makes thereof, while Fig. 5 shows the construction according to Figs. 2 and 3 a
view from above, and Fig. 6 the construction according to Fig. 4 in a front view.
All constructions have this point in common that all parts which are exposed
to the action of the sun can move towards each other and towards those parts
which are protected from the sun, in a longitudinal direction, allowance being
thus mode for expansion and contraction.
In the construction according to Fig. 1 the edge lining a has remained exactly
the same in the construction as formerly, but the gravel ledge b is not soldered
on to the edge lining but pushed in by means of a roll c into the roll of the edge
lining.
The gravel-ledge b consists of pieces of about a yard long which at the seams
are simply pushed over each other and are neither soldered together nor to the
edge lining.
There are holes o just the same as previously in the gravel ledge in order to
let the water through. In order, in this construction, to prevent the gravel ledge
from turning in the roll c and from tilting over towards the front, galvanized
iron supports d are soldered on the gravel ledge which rest on the gutter of the
roof thus affording a hold to the gravel ledge.
In this arrangement the edge lining is entirely protected against the effects of
changes in temperature by the wood cement roof i.e. the layer of gravel and the
layers of pasteboard, while hitherto a large part of the edge lining was uncovered
and directly exposed to the sun.
The latter is still the case is regards the gravel ledge. But since it consists of

page_text: pieces a yard in length and not soldered anywhere it can contract and expand
without hindrance.
If the space and the gravel space are to be used on roofs with a hanging gutter
or if it is desired for any reason that the gravel ledge be supported in the gutter
and further when it is not a question of the border on the long side of the roof,
but of the lateral margins where there is no gutter we recommend the construction
according to Figs. 2, 3 and 4.
In all these constructions the edge lining a is divided length ways so that it is,
so to say formed of two strips viz. the front strip e and the back strip f.
The front part c of the edge lining consists of separate pieces which are con-
nected together by a joint and lies about the height of the roll, i.e. about 2 to 2
centimetres lower than the lower part f.
The latter catches by means of its marginal roll over the front part e and con-
sists like the edge lining in Fig. 1 of pieces soldered together.
Both parts of the edge lining are held fast against each other on the roof by
means of hooks 9 which are specially marked in Fig. 7, the hooks being attached
by pins to the boarding and catching with their angles which are directed down-
wards on to the hinder margin of the front part e of the edge lining which is
turned upwards, and with the flaps 71 to the rolls of the hinder part of the edge
lining thus preventing the latter from rising.
In Figs. 2 and 3 the gravel ledge catches into the roll of the back part f of the
edge lining by means of the roll c exactly in the same manner as described in
Fig. 1.
The gravel ledge is prevented from turning about the roll c by means of sup-
ports soldered on to the front side; the supports may be of any shape e.g. as Fig. 2
shows in the form of angles m of galvanized iron as in Fig. 3 in the form of
noses n of zinc soldered on.
On the front part e of the edge lining the supports are not soldered on but are
unattached so that it can move independently of the gravel ledge.
The construction according to Fig. 4 differs from that just described as follows.
The gravel-ledge not catching by means of a roll into the roll of the back part f
of the edge-lining is soldered on to the front part c of the edge lining; and con-
sist's also of pieces a yard in length not soldered together arranged in such a
manner that the loose folded joints s of the front parts e of the edge lining and
the overlaping joints 1 of the gravel ledge correspond together, as shown in
Fig. 6 so that both parts can move freely.
The improvement we have described abbve can be applied to wood cement roofs
as well as to paste board roofs with double layers with gravel and offers the same
advantages for both kinds of roofing.
Dated this 14th da
fT..1007
improvements in Roois and Koofing.
I, FRITZ BEER, Junior, holder of the Firm C. F. Beer Sons, Manufactory of
Tar-products, of Cologne, on the Rhine, Richard Wagnerstreet 62, in the Province
of Rhineland and Kingdom of Prussia, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
In the edging hitherto in use for so called wood cement (vulcanite) and gravelled
paste board roofing-the wood cement or vulcanite being an adhesive material

page_text: protected by Letters Patent No. 18459 A.D. 1890, and serving for joining together
and to the roof boarding some layers of paper or paste-board roofing consisting of
asphaltic paste-board with a layer of gravel-the so-called edge lining and the
so-called gravel-ledge (both made of zinc-plate) were connected with each other
by soldering, and each of the two parts formed a strip made of pieces soldered
together and running along the whole length of the building.
Since both the edge-lining where it is uncovered as well as the gravel ledge
are directly exposed to the rays of the sun it was natural that in the case of long
buildings in consequence of the different expansion of the strips of zinc, the edge
lining and the gravel ledge become cracked.
As regards the gravel-ledge this is truly of no great consequence, although it is
not beautiful but in the case of the edge-lining the cracks are so far injurious
as the water penetrates through them into the boarding, wetting the masonry and
the ceiling thus necessitating expensive and difficult repairs and counteracting
any advantages that this kind of roof may possess.
These disadvantages are to be obviated by the present invention. The same
is illustrated in the drawing filed with the Provisional Specification.
Fig. 1 shows the new edging in transverse section; Figs. 2, 3 and 4 different
makes thereof, while Fig. 5 shows the construction according to Figs. 2 and 3 in
a view from above, and Fig. 6 the construction according to Fig. 4 in a front
view.
All constructions have this point in common that all parts which are exposed
to the action of the sun can move towards each other and towards those parts which
are protected from the sun, in a longitudinal direction, allowance being thus made
for expansion and contraction.
In the construction according to Fig. 1 the edge lining a has remained exactly
the same in the construction as formerly but the gravel-ledge b is not soldered on
to the edge lining but pushed in by means of a roll c into the roll of the edge
lining.
The gravel-ledge b consists of pieces of about a yard long which at the seams
are simply pushed over each other and are neither soldered together nor to the
edge lining.
There are holes o just the same as previously in the gravel ledge in order to
let the water through.
In order, in this construction, to prevent the gravel ledge from turning in the
roll c and from tilting over towards the front, galvanized iron supports d are
soldered on the gravel-ledge which rest on the gutter of the roof, thus affording
a hold to the gravel-ledge. In this arrangement the edge lining is entirely pro-
tected against the effects of changes in temperature by the wood cement roof that
is the layer of gravel and the layers of paste-board, while hitherto a large part of
the edge lining was uncovered and directly exposed to the sun.
The latter is still the case as regards the gravel ledge. But since it consists of
pieces a yard in length and not soldered anywhere, it can contract and expand
without hindrance.
If the edge lining and the gravel-ledge are to be used on roofs with a hanging
gutter or if it is desired for any reason that the gravel-ledge be supported in the
gutter and further when it is not a question of the border on the long side of the
roof, but of the lateral margins; where there is no gutter, it is to prefer the con-
struction according to Figs. 2, 3 and 4.
In all these constructions the edge lining a is divided lengthways so that it
is so to say formed of two strips viz. the front strip e and the back strip f. The
front part e of the edge lining consists of separate pieces which are connected
together by a joint and lies about the height of the roll, that is about 2 to 2
centimetres lower than the hinder part f.
The latter catches by means of its marginal roll over the front part e and con-
sists like the edge lining in Fig. 1 of pieces soldered together. Both parts of the
edge lining are held fast against each other on the roof by means of hooks which

page_text: are specially marked in Fig. 7, the hooks being attached by pins to the boarding
and catching with their angles which are directed downwards on to the hinder
margin of the front part e of the edge lining which is turned upwards and with
the Haps 1 to the rolls of the hinder part f of the edge lining thus preventing
the latter from rising.
In Figs. 2 and 3 the gravel ledge catches into the roll of the back part f of the
edge lining by means of the roll c exactly in the same manner as described in
Fig. 1.
The gravel-ledge is prevented from turning about the roll c by means of sup-
ports soldered on to the front side; the supports may be of any shape for instance
as Fig. 2 shows in the form of angles m of galvanized iron, as in Fig. 3 in the
form of noses n of zinc soldered on. On the front part e of the edge lining the
supports are not soldered on, but are unattached so that it can move independently
of the gravel-ledge.
The construction according to Fig. 4 differs from that just described as follows.
The gravel-ledge not catching by means of a roll into the roll of the back part f
of the edge-lining is soldered on to the front part e of the edge lining and con-
sists also of pieces a yard in length not soldered together, arranged in such a
manner, that the loose folded joints.s of the front parts e of the edge lining and
the overlap joints s 1 of the gravel-ledge correspond together, as shown in Fig. 6,
so that both parts can move freely.
The improvement we have described above can be applied to wood cement roofs
as well as to paste board roofs with double layers of gravel and offers the same
advantages for both kinds of roofing.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is ―
1.) In the edgings for so called wood-cement and paste-board roofs the arrange-
ment that the zinc-parts of the gravel-ledge and of the edge lining which are
directly exposed to the sun can expand and move in a longitudinal direction
independently of those parts which are covered and protected by the roofing
material, the parts exposed to the sun consisting of pieces neither soldered to each
other nor to those parts which do not expand.
2.) A form of the arrangement as described in patent Claim 1) in which the
gravel ledge catches by means of a roll c into a corresponding roll of the edge
lining and is prevented by supports from turning about the roll.
3.) A form of the arrangement as described in Claim 1) in which the edge lining
is divided longitudinally into a front strip e and a back strip f,-of which the
latter is soldered together and the former composed of a number of smaller pieces
catching into each other by means of folded joints, and is about the height of
the roll lower than the hinder part f, and in which both parts are connected longi-
tudinally by catches g which catch by means of the angles on to the turned up
back margin of the part e of the edge lining and with the flaps el into the roll c
at the front margin of the back part f of the edge lining.
4.) A form of the arrangement as described in Claim 3) in which the gravel
ledge is soldered to the front part e of the edge lining and the various pieces of
the gravel ledge which catch into each other by means of loose joints correspond
to the different pieces of the front part e of the edge lining which catch into each
other by means of folded joints.
1
OLL
J
Al 1900