IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Simon Holland, of Woolwich, in the County
of Kent, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Simon Holland at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st August 1854.
I, JOHN SIMON HOLLAND, of Woolwich, in the County of Kent, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
Locks" to be as follows:-
My first improvement consists in making the key of the lock and the
tumblers stationary during the motion of the bolt, in the manner following:
On the front of the lock is a handle, either fixed or removable, connected with
a lever and an eccentric within the lock, both of which are on opposite or
nearly opposite sides, of the same axis as the outer handle; when the eccentric
is turned up the whole of the tumblers are lifted to the full extent of their
upward throw, the key is then inserted, and when the handle is turned so as
to remove the eccentric, the tumblers fall on to the steps of the key, and at
the same time the lever comes in contact with the bolt and causes it to move
as desired.
The second improvement consists in making the key of a number of

page_text: separate pieces in the shape of pins or small plates, each tumbler to rest on
a separate pin or plate during the motion of the bolt; and in order to render
the lock unpickable, I make an indefinite number of false holes into which
the pins or plates may be inserted; the holes may each be marked either with
a number or letter to serve as a guide to finding the true holes.
The third improvement consists in making a stopper to prevent the key
making more than one revolution in the same direction, and thus stop the
key at the point for its coming out of the key-hole.
The fourth improvement consists. in making a curtain or plate to be moved
round by the key and to move the bolt, instead of the key coming in contact
with the bolt.
The fifth improvement consists in making a fixed or removable obstacle to
prevent the key being brought round to the key-hole and withdrawn when the
bolt is not out or locked.
The sixth improvement consists in locks intended to be acted on from both
sides to have two separate key-holes, and the key to act upon different parts on
the two sides.
The seventh improvement consists in making the back end or ends of the
bolt or bolts to pass through the case of the lock, or into a seperate case, and
of, or nearly, the same size as the locking ends, and thus prevent an amount of
air, equal in bulk to the ends of the bolts, being forced into the interior of the
lock when the bolt is shot, which air may introduce a quantity of dust.
The eighth improvement consists in making the bolt or bolts pass into a
recess, formed partly by the lock or door, and partly by the jamb or side of the
chest or safe, and thus render it necessary to shear the end or ends of the bolt
or bolts longitudinally, before the door could be forced by violence being used
to destroy the bolt.
The ninth improvement consists in making the bolt or bolts lock into a
shelf or shelves, bar or bars, having suitable staples, hooks, or tongues to
receive a suitable part of the bolt to lock into or on to them at the back, or
sides of the lock.
The tenth improvement consists in making the key of the lock in separate
pieces or steps in the manner following, viz., the steps are fitted with a
round or other shaped hole in them to correspond with the shank of the key,
and another round hole to receive a screwed pin to pass through them when
on the shank of the key, or grooves in the bits to receive a tongue on the key,
and then to be fastened with a screw, part of which is taken off, so that when
turned in one direction the bits may be removed without actually taking out
the screw, and then when tightened to hold them firmly.

page_text: The eleventh improvement consists in fitting a case to the key of the lock,
to act by means of a spring or springs, in such a manner, that when the key is
placed properly over the key-hole and pushed in, the case shall come in contact
with the front plate of the lock or the door, and the key shall pass into the
lock, leaving the case outside; and when the key is withdrawn from the lock,
the case, by means of the spring or springs, shall remain in contact with the
lock or door until the bit of the key is wholly within it, and thus prevent a
bystander from seeing the steps of the key. The case may or may not be
provided with a small lock of any suitable construction.
The twelfth improvement consists in making a hole or holes into the key-
pipe, through which the air and any dust may pass when the key-pipe is
thrust on the key-pin.
The thirteenth improvement consists in making the key of the lock with a
bit at each end, instead of a bit at one end, and a bow at the other. Where
the key is to be used on both sides of the lock, one end to serve for one side,
and the other end for the other side, and where no curtain is used, I make one
end to open the lock, and the other to move the tumblers only, and not the
bolt, so as to be used occasionally to throw the whole of the tumblers the full
throw, and thus prevent the bright bellies of the tumblers indicating the
length of their respective key-steps.
The fourteenth improvement consists in rounding or bevelling off the out-
side of the key-hole, or making radiating grooves, or both, so as to render it
more difficult to injure the lock by gunpowder-by means of a plate or board
fixed against the key-hole, and also to render it more difficult to take an
impression of the key-hole.
The fifteenth improvement consists in rounding or bevelling the edge of the
front part of the lock or door and the side to which it locks, in order to
prevent instruments being used to make an opening to get at the bolt for the
purpose just mentioned.
The sixteenth improvement consists in making a hook on the outside of the
lock, with or without a recess in the end, into which the bolt is shot when
locked so as to adapt it to be used as a padlock.
The seventeenth improvement consists in making a latch in such manner
that, when set for the purpose, the tumblers are right for the bolt being moved
without the key.
The eighteenth improvement consists in making a rabbet or rabbets,
tongue or tongues, on the upper and lower parts of the outsides of the lock, so
as to give increased strength or fastening into the woodwork of a door when
used as a niortice lock.

page_text: The nineteenth improvement consists in making a rabbet or tongue, pin or
pins, to go from the lock (or door to which the lock is fixed) into holes
or recesses; in the chest, safe, or jamb, in order to prevent an opening being
made by force so as to get at the outer end of the bolt of the lock, and thus
force the stump against the tumblers as part of the process of picking; or the
holes or recesses may be in the lock or door.
i
The twentieth improvement, consists in making an elastic or flexible packing
to go round the end or ends of the bolt or bolts, and also round the key-hole,
and round the front of the lock or door, to exclude dust, wet, or dampness from
the interior of the lock.).
The twenty-first improvement consists in making a hole or holes through or
near the bottom of the lock when used as a padlock, in order to : let out
any water that may find its way in.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Simon Holland in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
1st February 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
SIMON HOLLAND, of Woolwich, in the County of Kent, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself,. Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said John Simon Holland, Her special licence that I, the said John
Simon Holland, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said John Simon Holland, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times. tliereafter during the term therein iexpressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN 'LOCKS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said John Simon Holland, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and 'in' what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Simon Holland, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
that is to say-
-
My first improvement consists in making the key of the lock and the
tumblers stationary during the motion of the bolt in the manner following:
On the front of the lock is a handle, either fixed or removeable, connected
with a lever and an excentric within the lock, both of which are on opposite
or nearly opposite sides of the same axis as the outer handle. When the
excentric is turned up, the whole of the tumblers are lifted to the full extent
of their upward throw; the key is then inserted, and when the handle is turned
so as to remove the excentric, the tumblers fall on to the steps of the key, and
at the same time the lever comes in contact with the bolt, and causes it to
move as desired. Figure 1 of the Drawings annexed is an elevation of a
lock constructed according to this improvement; and Figure 2 is a section
through the handle. a is the case of the lock; b, the tumblers; and c, their
springs; d is the handle of the lock; and e, a squared spindle on which the
handle is fitted. Figure 3 is a view of the handle; and Figure 4, a view of
the spindle detached. f is an excentric formed on the spindle e; and g is a
talon on the same spindle, by which the bolt is thrown; h is the bolt, which
is separately represented in Figures 5 and 5ª; i is the keyhole, which is
formed through the circular projecting piece of metal j, which acts as a guide
for the tumblers in their rising and falling motion. The part j is shewn
detached in Figures 5, 6, and 7; the latter of which Figures shews a portion
of it cut away at k, to admit the arms formed on the tumblers, and allow
them to fall on to the bits of the key when inserted in the keyhole. Figures 8
and 8 represent the key. To unlock this lock the handle d is turned, so as to
cause the excentric f to lift the tumblers to their full extent, the key is then
inserted, and the handle turned further round, when the tumblers will fall on
to the steps of the key, and bring the gates of the tumblers into the proper
position to allow the stump of the bolt to pass, when, by completing the revo-
lution of the handle d, the talon g is brought to act on and shoot the bolt.
Figure 9 is a section of the lock taken through the keyhole. Figure 10 is a
view of the outer tumbler. The lower side of the gate of this tumbler is
higher than in the other tumblers in the lock, and the tumbler is also longer
than the others, so that the stump will always bind against the edge of this
tumbler when an attempt is made to force back the bolt, when this outer
tumbler is not down to its lowest position, in which case the keyhole is nearly

page_text: closed. A pin is fixed in the hole m so as to lift the other tumblers whenever
it is lifted itself. Figure 11 is an elevation of a latch lock constructed accord-
ing to this improvement; and Figure 12 is a vertical section through the key-
hole. a is the case of the lock; b are the tumblers; and c, their springs; d is
the spindle, on which the handle is fixed; and e is an arm formed thereon, for
the purpose of lifting the tumblers to allow the key to be introduced; f is
another arm, formed on the spindle d, which acts as a talon to throw the bolt,
and also carries the stump g; h are the notches in the tumblers, into which
the stump works; i is the keyholo, which is formed through the front of the
lock and through the tumblers; and j is a fixed stud in the keyhole, on which
the key rests when it is introduced therein; k is the bolt, which is shewn
separately in Figures 18 and 13*; and is a hook formed on the end of the
bolt, by which the bolt may be moved when the key is in the lock, and the
tumblers are in the right position for that purpose. Figure 14 is a side view,
and Figure 15 is an edge view, of the key. The mode of operation of this
lock is as follows:-The handle is turned partly round, so as to bring the
arms in contact with the tumblers, and raise them sufficiently to admit the
key; the handle is then turned back again, so as to allow the tumblers to fall
on to the steps of the key, and bring the notches h into the right position for
the stump to enter them; after which, by turning the handle still further
back, the arm will be caused to act. on the bolt, so as to through it back and
open the lock. Figure 16 is a front view of the inner scutcheon m, through
which the keyhole is formed; and Figure 17 is a section of the stud j. It will
be seen that the part n is of greater width than the keyhole, of which it forms
the back part; the object of the part n being to prevent the introduction of
gunpowder, by filling up the space which would otherwise be left in the back
part of the lock. Figures 18 and 19 are sections of the key, shewing the
manner in which the web may be attached to the shank.
My second improvement consists in making the key of a number of separate
.pieces, in the shape of pins or small plates, each tumbler to rest on a separate
.pin or plate during the motion of the .bolt; and in order to render the lock
.unpickable, I make an indefinite number of false holes into which the pins or
plates may be inserted. The holes may each be marked, either with a number
or letter, to serve as a guide to finding the true holes. This improvement is
represented in Figures 20, 21, and 22, which shew a front view of the keyhole
plate and elevations of two of the tumblers. The centre part of each of the
tumblers is removed, with the exception of an arm a, in which is formed a slot
.b, to receive a pin inserted in a hole in the keyhole plate. The action of this
lock is as follows:-The tumblers are first raised to their highest position by

page_text: a handle, similar to the one already described; the pins are then inserted, and
the handle turned partly round, so as to allow the tumblers to fall on to their
respective pins; after which the revolution of the handle is completed, and
the bolt is shot in the ordinary manner.
I
My third improvement consists in making a curtain or plate, to be moved
round by the key, and to move the bolt, instead of the key coming in contact
with the bolt. Figure 23 is an elevation of a lock having this improvement
applied thereto. a is the case of the lock; b are the tumblers; and c are
their springs. One of the tumblers is shewn detached in Figure 24. d is the
curtain or plate, which is moved by the key; e is a talon formed thereon,
which acts on the bolt; and f is the keyhole. The construction of the curtain
d will be best understood by reference to Figures 25, 26, 27, 28, and 29,
which shew different views of it in elevation and section. In Figure 29 the
key is represented as introduced into the keyhole. h is the bolt, which is
formed in two separate parts, as shewn in Figures 30, 31, and 32, the upper
part of the bolt being screwed to the locking end of the lower part at i, and
being formed with apertures to receive the ends of the stumps j, j. k is a
projection on the upper part of the bolt; and is a corresponding recess in the
curtain, into which this projection fits when the curtain has been moved round
by the key into such a position that the talon e is about to act on the bolt.
This arrangement effectually prevents the bolt being moved in either direction,
except by means of the curtain, since the projection k will not allow the bolt to
ride over the curtain, unless the latter has been previously moved round, so as
to bring the recess to correspond with the projection. The operation of the
tumblers is the same as was described in the Specification of a former Patent
granted to me, and need not therefore be described here. The application
of the curtain is not, however, confined to locks having tumblers of the
<description just mentioned.
My fourth improvement consists in making a stopper to prevent the key
making more than one revolution in the same direction, and thus stop the key
at the point for its coming out of the keyhole. This improvement is appli-
cable to any construction of lock. Figure 23 shews it as applied to a lock in
m is
which the bolt is acted on by the curtain instead of directly by the key.
the stopper, and n is a stud on which it slides; the stopper being slotted out
to fit on to the stud, and to a sufficient extent to allow of its receiving the
requisite amount of motion in each direction to stop the key on either side of
the keyhole. The mode of applying the stopper to locks in which the key
acts directly on the bolt will be readily understood from the foregoing
description.

page_text: My fifth improvement consists in making a fixed or removeable obstacle, to
prevent the key being brought round to the keyhole and withdrawn when the
bolt is not out or locked:
1
This improvement is shewn in Figure 33, in which a is the keyhole of the
lock; and b a stud or projection, which prevents the key from making an entire
revolution, but allows it to perform so much only of a revolution as is necessary
for locking and unlocking...
My sixth improvement consists in making locks intended to be acted on
from both sides to have two separate keyholes, and the key to act upon
different parts on the two sides. This improvement allows of the whole of the
tumblers having different throws or lifts, so as to admit of a greater number
of changes. The second keyhole should be on that side of the door where
there is no danger to be apprehended of the lock being picked, and it should
also be placed nearer the tumbler pin than the other keyhole, the bellies of the
tumblers being fitted to suit this arrangement.
יד
'My seventh improvement consists in making the back end or ends of the
bolt or bolts to pass through the case of the lock, or into a separate case,
and of or nearly of the same size as the locking ends, and thus prevent an
amount of air equal in bulk to the ends of the bolts being forced into the in-
terior of the lock when the bolt is shot, which air may introduce a quantity of
dust. This improvement is represented in Figures 1, 5, and 5, in which h
is the bolt; m, the locking end; and n, the enlarged part of the back end of
the bolt.
My eighth improvement consists in making the bolt or bolts pass into a
recess, formed partly by the lock or door, and partly by the jamb or side of the
chest or safe, so as to render it necessary to shear the end or ends of the bolt
or bolts longitudinally before the door could be forced, by violence being used
to destroy the bolt. This improvement is represented in two modifications
in Figure 34. a is the door; b, the jamb or side of the chest or safe; and
c, the bolts, which pass into recesses of a corresponding shape, formed partly
by the door and partly by the jamb or side of the chest or safe.
My ninth improvement consists in making the bolt or bolts lock into
a shelf or shelves, bar or bars, having suitable staples, hooks, or tongues to
receive a suitable part of the bolt to lock into or on to them at the back or
sides of the lock.
a is the
Figures 35 and 36 shew this improvement as applied to a safe.
door of the safe, and b, a shelf therein; or it may be a bar fixed across the
front of the safe. c is a staple or tongue formed on the shelf or bar, which,
when the door is closed, enters an aperture formed through the lock
'

page_text: plate d. e is the bolt of the lock, which is of sufficient length to shoot into
a recess at the side of the safe; and f is a projecting piece on the bolt which
locks into the staple or tongue c, thus locking the safe at the centre as well as
at the side.
My tenth improvement consists in a mode or modes of making the key of
the lock in separate pieces or steps. The steps are fitted with a round or other
shaped hole in them, to correspond with the shank of the key, and another
round hole to receive a screwed pin to pass through them when on the shank
of the key; or grooves are formed in the bits to receive a tongue on the
key, and the bits are fastened with a screw, part of which is taken off,
so that when turned in one direction the bits may be removed without
actually taking out the screw, which when tightened will hold them firmly.
Figure 37 is a side elevation of part of a key constructed according to this
improvement, and Figure 38 is a section of the same. a is the shank of the
key; b, b, are the loose bits, which are formed with an aperture to fit over the
shank; and c is a screw, which passes through circular apertures formed in
the bits b, and screws into the fixed bit d, so as to hold all the bits together.
Figures 39 and 40 are corresponding views of another mode of securing the
loose bits. a is the shank of the key; and b, b, are the loose bits; c is a tongue
on the shank, which fits into a corresponding groove in the bits; d is a screw,
which holds the loose bits firmly to the shank between the fixed bits e, c, the
scrow fitting into a recess formed partly in the tongue c and partly in the
loose bits b, b. A portion of one side of this screw is cut away at f, equal
in extent to that part of the recess which is formed in the loose bits; by
turning the screw partly round, so as to bring the flat face to the position
indicated by the dotted lines in Figure 40, the bits b, b, may be readily
removed; when they are replaced, all that is necssary to hold them securely
is to turn the screw c back to its original position.
My eleventh improvement consists in fitting a case to the key of the lock,
to act by means of a spring or springs, in such a manner, that when the key
is placed properly over the keyhole and pushed in, the case shall come in con-
tact with the front plate of the lock or the door, and the key shall pass into
the lock, leaving the case outside; and when the key is withdrawn from the
lock, the case, by means of the spring or springs, shall remain in contact with
the lock or door until the bit of the key is wholly within it, and thus prevent
a bystander from seeing the steps of the key. The case may or may not be
provided with a small lock of any suitable construction, or with a counter, such
as is used for counting the strokes of a steam engine. Figure 41 is a section
of a key case constructed according to this improvement. a is the key; and

page_text: bis the case; c is a spiral spring, which is placed around the shank of the key,
for the purpose of keeping the key in the case; one end of this spring bears
against a collar d formed on the shank of the key, and the other end bears
against a stud e, on the interior of the shank part of the key case. f is a catch,
attached to the interior of the case, which takes into a notch g, formed on the
back of the key. When a counter is applied to the case it may occupy the
space indicated by the dotted lines, and may be worked by a pawl, actuated by
the motion of the key, out of or into the key case.
.
In cases where the use of a key case; such as is shewn in Figure 41, would
make the key of inconvenient length, the shank part of the case may be dis-
pensed with, a grooved escutcheon being used to keep the key case close to the
door during the time the key is in the lock. This arrangement is represented
in section in Figure 42. a is the door; b, the key hole; c, the grooved
escutcheon; and d, the key case, formed with a projection on both sides to fit
into the grooves of the escutcheon. The escutcheon surrounds the keyhole,
except at the upper part, where a portion of it is removed, to allow the
key case to be slid down into the position for introducing the key into the
keyhole.
My twelfth improvement consists in making a hole or holes into the key
pipe, through which the air and any dust may pass when the key pipe is thrust
on the key pin. This improvement is shewn in Figure 43, in which a is part
of the pipe of a key; and 6, the air hole.
My thirteenth improvement consists in making the key of the lock with a
bit at each end, instead of a bit at one end and a bow at the other, where the
key is to be used on both sides of the lock, one end to serve for one side and
the other end for the other side; where no curtain is used, I make one end to
open the lock and the other to move the tumblers only, and not the bolt, so as
to be used occasionally to throw the whole of the tumblers the full throw, and
thus prevent the bright bellies of the tumblers indicating the length of their
respective key steps. Figure 44 is a side view of a key constructed according
to this improvement for opening a lock from either side. a, a, are the bits,
which are of precisely similar form at both ends of the key, but reversed in
position as regards the shank of the key. Figure 45 shews a key constructed
according to this improvement, in which the second bit b is used for moving
the tumblers only, without the bolt. In this case the step which acts on the
bolt is removed, as shewn at a, the object being to polish the bellies of all
the tumblers to an equal extent, and thus prevent the extent of polished
surface from giving any indication as to the length of the different key steps.
That part of the bit 6 which sweeps the tumbler, corresponding to the longest

page_text: step of the regular key, should be made with a little less throw than the other
parts, as shewn at c, in Figure 45.
My fourteenth improvement consists in rounding or bevelling off the outside
of the keyhole, or making radiating grooves, or both, so as to render it more
difficult to injure the lock by gunpowder, by means of a plate or board fixed
against the keyhole, and also to render it more difficult to take an impression
of the keyhole. This improvement is shewn in Figures 46, 47, and 48. a is
the keyhole; and b, b, are the rounded edges, which in Figure 48 are protected
by an escutcheon, fastened on in the usual manner. Figures 49 and 50 shew
the radiating grooves round the edges of the keyhole, in elevation and section.
a is the keyhole; and b, b, are the radiating grooves, the depth and length of
which may be varied.
My fifteenth improvement consists in making a rabbet or tongue, pin or pins,
to go from the lock (or door to which the lock is fixed) into holes or recesses
in the chest, safe, or jamb, in order to prevent an opening being made by force,
so as to get at the outer end of the bolt of the lock, and thus force the stump
against the tumblers, as part of the process of picking; or the holes or recesses
inay be in the lock or door. Figure 51 shews this improvement as applied to
an ordinary safe, and Figure 52, to a fire-proof safe. a is the jamb or side of
safe, and 6 is a rabbet or tongue formed thereon, as in Figure 51, or affixed
thereto, as in Figure 52; c is the door, and d is a recess, into which the rabbet
or tongue 6 fits when the door is closed; e (in Figure 51) is a recess for the
bolt of the lock; and f (in Figure 52) is a hollow space to be filled with non-
combustible materials. The rabbet or tongue b, and the recess d, may be
continued round the whole of the front of the safe and the door thereof, or
may be formed at parts only thereof. A series of pins may also be used
instead of the rabbet or tongue, holes being made for them to fit into instead
of having the groove d.
My sixteenth improvement consists in rounding or bevelling the edge of the
front part of the lock or door, and the side to which it locks, in order to pre-
vent instruments being used to make an opening to get at the bolt, for the
purpose of forcing the stump against the tumblers, as part of the process of
picking. This improvement is shewn in Figure 53, where a is the door, and
b, the side or jamb, to which it locks. The rounded form given to the edges
of a and b effectually prevents the introduction of wedges for forcing them
apart.
My seventeenth improvement consists in making a latch in such manner
that when set for the purpose the tumblers are right for the bolt being moved
without the key. This improvement is represented in Figure 54, which is a

page_text: back elevation of part of a lock to which it is applied. a are the tumblers,
and b is the bolt; c is a sliding piece, which works between the guides d, d,
affixed to the case of the lock, and the end of which passes through the end
plate of the case and terminates in a handle e; f is a stud or projection, fixed
to the sliding piece c, on which stud the tumblers rest when the sliding picce
is in the position shewn in the Figure, and the bolt is then free to be moved
by the handle in the ordinary manner. By moving the sliding piece c, so
as to clear the tumblers from the stud f, the tumblers will fall into a position
in which the key will be required to act on them before the lock can be
opened.
a is the
My eighteenth improvement consists in making a rabbet or rabbets, tongue
or tongues, on the upper and lower parts of the case of the lock, so as to give
increased strength for fastening into the woodwork of a door when used as a
mortice lock. Figures 55 and 55ª represent this improvement.
woodwork of a door; b is the case of the lock; and c, c, are rabbets or tongues
formed on the upper and lower parts of the case. By adopting this mode of
fixing mortice locks, the parts of the woodwork on each side of the lock may
be made of much less thickness than is necessary according to the present
mode of fixing such locks. The rabbet or rabbets may be carried. round the
whole of the lock case, or may be formed in parts only thereof; in this latter
case a rabbet or pins must be formed on the end of the case to fit corresponding
holes in the door.
u
My nineteenth improvement consists in making an elastic or flexible
packing to go round the end or ends of the bolt or bolts, and also round the
keyhole, and round the front of the lock or door, to exclude dust, wet, or damp-
ness from the interior of the lock. This improvement is represented in Figure
56, as applied to the bolt, and Figures 51 and 52, as applied round the front
of a door. (in Figure 56) is the front edge of the case of the lock; b is the
bolt; c is a ring or band of vulcanised india-rubber or other suitable material
which surrounds the bolt; and d is a washer or gland fixed in the interior of
the lock, by means of which the packing is kept up to the front of the case of
the lock. In Figures 51 and 52 the packing is shewn at g, in the groove which
runs round the door. Figures 57 and 58 shew the packing as applied to the
keyhole of a lock... This lock is a modification of an arrangement described in
the Specification of a former Patent granted to me. a is the curtain; and b, b,
are slides, which, when the curtain is moved by the key, fall on the steps
c is
thereof, and by its further revolution are caused to act on the tumblers.
the elastic packing, which is fitted to the slides b, b, in the manner shewn in
Figure 58; by this means, the entrance of dust, &c. into the lock through the

page_text: keyhole and between the slides b, b, is entirely prevented. Figure 59 also
represents the elastic packing as applied round the keyhole when the same is
formed through the tumblers. In this case a groove is formed in each
tumbler round the keyhole, and the elastic packing is inserted therein, as
seen at c.
My twentieth improvement consists in making a hook on the outside of the
lock, with or without a recess in the end into which the bolt is shot when
locked, so as to adapt it to be used as a padlock. Figure 60 is a section of so
much of a lock as is necessary to shew this improvement. a is the case of
the lock; and b, the bolt, the end of which when it is shot out takes into the
recess c, formed in the hook d. By this arrangement, the padlock will only
be supported on its staple e so long as the bolt is out, the act of unlocking
causing the padlock to become entirely detached from the staple.
My twenty-first improvement consists in making a hole or holes through or
near the bottom of the lock when used as a padlock, in order to let out any
water that may find its way in. This improvement is represented in Figure 60,
in which the hole for the escape of water is shown at f. Two or more such
holes may be employed, if it is considered desirable.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention in the several
parts thereof, I declare that I do not confine myself to the details herein-before
described, so long as the distinguishing character of any part of my said
Invention is retained; but what I claim is,―
The several improvements described under the first, second, third, fourth,
fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, four-
teenth, fifteenth, sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth, twentieth, and
twenty-first heads of this Specification, and represented in the Drawings
hereunto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Simon Holland, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this First day of February, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-five.
JOHN SIMON HOLLAND. (L.S.)