IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES AND BOLLERS, AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Beckett Johnson, Manager for Messrs.
Richard Ormerod and Son, of Manchester, in the County of Lancastor,
Engineers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES AND
BOLLERS, AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH."
Scaled the 6th November 1860, and dated the 9th May 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Beckett Johnson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 9th May 1860.
I, WILLIAM BECKETT JOHNSON, Manager for Messrs. Richard Ormerod and
Son, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
ENGINES AND BOILERS. AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates, firstly, to stationary horizontal engines in which a
portion of the framing is carried above the piston rod in a central line
thereto.
According to my improvement I make the framework of a box form for the
whole or part of the length, and such box form I use as the condenser and
hot well. In horizontal engines generally I place the air pump between the
piston rod mounting and the crank, in a line central to the cylinder, and work
it from the piston rod mounting; I also place the condenser and hot well
between the end of the air pump so placed and the cylinder.

page_text: In horizontal or vertical stationary ongines provided with two cylinders,
the connecting rod of which passes back botween the cylinders to the crank,
I mount the cylinders on the top of the condenser, within which I adapt
the air pump, and in such engines I work the air pump by means of levers
actuated by the crank pin or the cross bar of the piston rods.
Another part of my Invention relates to such stationary engines as are
provided with two cylinders connected to one cross head; in such arrange-
ments I attach the connecting rod fast to the cross head, and mount the
ends of such cross head in journals carried by the piston rods, so that it is
capable of vibrating therein.
Another part of my Invention relates to the apparatus used for injecting
water into the condenser; for this purpose I use two tubes, one within the
other, each being furnished with a slit or slits. One of these tubes being
turned brings its slit or slits coincident with those in the other, or closes
or partially closes them.
Another part of my Invention relates to foot or delivery valves, the lids
of which are formed of india rubber or other flexible material, or of metal;
these I adapt singly or in series to rectangular openings, and so that they
rise on either side of a central confining bar or hinge.
may
Another part of my Invention relates to those steam boilers which are
provided with a furnace at each end, and consists in the adaptation of two or
more openings acting as downward flues.
Another improvement in such boilers consists in making them in two parts,
'so that flues or combustion chambers may be formed by a portion of tho
space between them.
Another part of my Invention relates to apparatus for pumping water into
boilers, commonly called donkey engines, and consists in placing the force
pump thereof concentric to the cylinder, and between the piston rod
mounting and the crank.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, g
filed by the said William Beckett Johnson in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 9th November 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
BECKETT JOHNSON, Manager for Messieurs Richard Ormerod and Son, of
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, send greeting.
3

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent bearing date the Ninth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself. Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said William Beckett Johnson, Her special license that I, the said
William Beckett Johnson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said William Beckett Johnson, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS, AND APPARATUS
CONNECTED THEREWITH," upon the condition, amongst others, that I, the said
William Beckett Johnson,byan instrument inwriting under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention.
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that 1, the said William Beckett Johnson, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to say):-
The first part of my Invention is shewn at Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the
accompanying Drawings, which represent a horizontal stationary engine
constructed according to my improvements; Fig 1 is a side elevation
thereof; Fig. 2, a similar view in section, and Fig. 3 a plan or horizontal
view; Fig. 4 is a detached view in section, shewing the form and arrange-
ment of the framing, and which constitutes one feature of my Invention.
The framing of the engine is shewn at a, a, a**, constructed of a box
form, mounted upon a stone or other foundation b. To one end of this
framing is bolted the working cylinder c, and the two box form parts a*, a**,
are connected by a pipe d, which carries a cylinder a, constituting the air
pump.
The piston rod of the working cylinder is shown at f, connected to
the mounting g, which works on guides formed upon or attached to the two
parts a, a, of the framing, and the connecting rod / passes to the crank i,
which is situate on the other side of the air pump e. The air pump is placed
on a line central with the working cylinder, and its rod k is worked direct
from the mounting 9. The condenser is formed by the box part a* of the

page_text: framing, and steam passes thereto from the passage 1, which leads by a
belt m, to the exhaust port at n. The air pump shewn in the Drawing has
a solid piston, but it may be of any usual construction; the situation of the
foot and delivery valves (not shewn in the Drawing) are at o, and the con-
densed steam and injection water being drawn through the former, are
forced through the latter into the hot well, which is formed by one portion
a** of the box framing. In reference to this my Invention, I would
observe that I have shewn the framing as being that of a box form so far
as is necessary for connexion with the air pump, but, if desired, the said box
form may be continued throughout a for the whole length, or it may other-
wise be modified in arrangement.
part of
Another part of my Invention is shewn at Figs. 5 and 6, which represent a
horizontal engine constructed according to my improvements. The working
cylinders are shewn at a,a,placed on the top of the condenser b,within which
is situate the air pump c,the rod d of which (shewn by a red line) is connected
to bell-crank levers e, e", caused to vibrate by a rod f (shewn by a red line)
connected to the crank pin at g. The connecting rod h is attached to a cross
head i, working in guides k, and from thence it passes back to the crank.
Instead of taking the motion for working the air pump from the crank pin,
I sometimes conucct the piston rod cross bar to a similar arrangement of
levers to that shewn at e, e". According to my Provisional Specification
this part of my Invention also referred to vertical engines, but since the
filing thereof I have discovered that the said application would not be
useful, and lay no claim thereto.
The next part of my Invention is also shewn at Figs. 5 and 6 before
referred to. The two cylinders are shewn at a, a, connected to one cross
head i, to which the connecting rod k is made fast; the said cross head is
mounted in journals carried by the piston rods 7, so that it is capable of
vibrating therein according to the angle that the connecting rod assumes.
The next part of my Invention relates to the apparatus for injecting water
into the condensers of steam engines, and is shewn in section at Figs. 7 and 8.
The side of the condenser is shewn at a,to which is attached a pipe b,extending
into the condenser, and which at its inward end is formed conical,and within
it is situate a hollow conical piece c,after the manner of a plug tap. Each of
these parts has a hole or holes formed in it; one only is shewn in the Drawing
at d, e. The water for the condenser passes up the pipe b according to the
arrow, and issues into the condenser through the passage formed by the
holes d, e, which passage may be increased or diminished in area by causing

page_text: the plug c to revolve, and in order that this may be accomplished, a spindle
on the said plug passes through a stuffing box in the pipe b,and is provided on
the outside with a handle f; it will be observed that the principle on which
this apparatus acts is that of bringing two openings more or less coincident
with each other within the condenser, as nearly as possible to the point of
injection, and it will therefore be apparent that a modification of this part
of my Invention may be adopted by causing one tube to slide within
another, instead of being turned, each of them being provided, as described,
with an opening or openings.
The next part of my Invention relates to foot or delivery valves, the lids of
which are formed of india-rubber or of other flexible material, or of metal, and
is shewn in two views at Figs. 9 and 9°. The valve scat is provided with
rectangular openings a, the centres of which are provided with bars b; to
these the valves c of india-rubber or other flexible material are confined by
means of top bars d; when therefore these valves open, they do so on each
side turning upon a central joint. I have illustrated this part of my Invention
by speaking of valves made of flexible material, but they may, if desired, be
of metal mounted upon central hinges. I have also described a number of
such valves combined, but one only may be employed if desired.
Another part of my Invention relates to steam boilers, which are provided
with a furnace at each end, and is shewu at Figs. 10 and 11. The two
furnaces are at a, b, the products of combustion from which meet at the centre
of the boiler, and there I adopt two or more openings c, d, which pass
through the water chamber and act as downward flues, communicating at
their lower ends with any ordinary arrangement of fluc.
The next part of my Invention relates to such boilers with two furnaces as
aforesaid, and is shown at Fig. 12. The boiler is made in two distinct
parts a, b, with a space c between them; this space is covered as top and
constitutes a flue or combustion chamber, from whence the products of
combustion pass downward, according to the arrow, into an ordinary flue,
or are otherwise carried off.
The next part of my Invention relates to apparatus for pumping water into
boilers, and commonly called "donkey engines," and is shewn in two views at
Figs. 13 and 14. The working cylinder is at a, and the piston rod at b.
This rod carries the piston of the force pump c, so that the two cylinders are
on the same central line. To the pistor rod is attached a cross head or
mounting, which carries the connecting rod connected to the crank d, shewn
by a red line.. According to the arrangement shewn in the Drawing, the pump

page_text: is double acting, the feed pipe e being supplied with two valves f, g,
through which tho water is alternately drawn, and expelled alternately
through valves h, i, adapted to the delivery pipe k.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner of carrying the same into effect, I desire it to be understood that
I claim as secured to me under the above in part recited Letters Patent,-
Firstly, as illustrated at Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, the general arrangement shewn
and described, and particularly in reference to stationary horizontal
engines, in which a portion of the framing is carried above the piston rod
in a central line thereto.
I claim making the framework of a box form for the whole or a part of the
length; also using such box-formed framing for the condenser and hot well;
also as illustrated by the said Figures 1, 2, 3, and as applied to horizontal
engines in general, placing the air pump between the piston rod mounting
and the crank, in a line contral to the cylinder, and working it from the piston
rod mounting direct; also as applied to horizontal engines in general
placing the condenser and hot well between the end of the air pump
placed as last mentioned, and the cylinder.
In reference to Figs. 5 and 6, I claim, in horizontal stationary engines
provided with two cylinders, the connecting rods of which pass back
between the cylinders to the crank, mounting the cylinder on the top of
the condenser, within which the air pump is adapted; also working the
air pump of such engines by means of levers actuated by the crank pin, or
the cross bar of the piston rods.
In reference to Figs. 5 and 6 also, and as applied to stationary engines,
either vertical or horizontal, and which are provided with two cylinders con-
nected to one cross head, I claim attaching the connecting rods fast to the
cross head, and mounting the ends of such cross heads in journals carried
by the piston rods.
In reference to Figs. 7 and 8, I claim the use of two tubes or other
surfaces placed within the condenser, asaforesaid, and provided with openings
which may be brought nearer to or farther from coincidence in order to
regulate the area of the passage for water.
In reference to Figs. 9 and 9, I claim the use of rectangular foot or
delivery valves, opening as above described, and either singly or in series.
In reference to Figs. 10 and 11, and as applied to boilers with a furnace at
each end, I claim the use of two or more openings acting as downward flues.
In reference to Fig. 12, and as applied to such boilers as aforesaid, I claim

page_text: making them in two distinct parts, with a combustion chamber or flue
between them.
In reference to "donkey engines," and as illustrated at Figs. 13 and 14,
I claim placing the force pump concentric to the cylinder and between
the piston rod mounting and the crank.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Beckett Johnson, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eighth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
W. B. JOHNSON. (L.S.)