IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERS
Year: 1884

page_text: I GEORGE CHEAVIN of Wide Bargato Filter Works Boston Lincolnshire Filter
Manufacturer do hereby declaro the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FILTERS" to be as follows:-
My improved filter as I prefer to construct it consists of an earthenware iron or
other vessel in form cylindrical closed at one end with a flat bottom and at the
other receiving a moveable cover. Through the sides of the vessel immediately
above the bottom two apertures are formed; diametrically opposite, one receives
the draw off tap and the other a plug which is quite level and flush with the
bottom which is removed when cleansing the filter.
About a quarter of the way up from the bottom of the cylinder there is a shelf
on which a perforated partition rests it is put into its place before the filter is
burnt and thus no cement is required for this bottom perforated plate.
Nearly three parts of the length of the cylindrical vessel is occupied by
purifying and filtering material which is laid upon this perforated partition.
The space beneath the partition is provided with a vent passage passing up
within the cylindrical vessel against the side and terminating in an aperture on the
exterior immediately beneath the cover.
I employ in this filter prepared animal charcoal thrice burnt and washed first
with a solution of alum and then several times with water. The granules are
sorted by sieves into a series of sizes, the coarsest material is first laid on the
perforated partition then finer and again finer material is laid in successive layers
or beds. When about one half the entire quantity of prepared animal charcoal to
be employed is in place I put in a cup of earthenware, or other material, in a central
position. The cup has a flat foot by which it stands on the filtering material,
I then fill in more prepared animal charcoal around the cup in successive layers or
beds commencing with the finest and following with layers progressively coarser so
that the upper layers are an exact counterpart of the lower layers but arranged
in reverse order. On the top of the filtering material a disc of earthenware is
placed it has a hole in the centre allowing the mouth of the cup to project through.
The disc has a raised rim on its upper surface both around its outer edge and
around the hole which receives the mouth of the cup. The disc is fixed in its place
by cement which forms a water tight joint both against the outer wall of the filter
and around the cup. Above the disc is the space in the cylindrical vessel to receive

page_text: -
the water to be filtered. From this space the water passes amongst the filtering
material through a sponge which is placed within the cup. The water passes from
the cup by perforations formed in the upper part of its sides and so the water
finds its way amongst the upper coarser layers of charcoal. It percolates through
the filtering beds until it reaches the lower chamber of the filter where it remains
until drawn off for use.
These arrangements afford great security against the filtering material becoming
choked with impurities from the water. The grosser impurities at once settle and
are retained upon the disc between its raised margins. Hence but a small portion
of the solid impurities reaches the sponge and of this the greater part is retained
in the pores of the sponge until it is got rid of by washing the sponge. Even the
impurities which pass through the sponge have an opportunity of settling within
the cup, so that hardly any solid matter is carried by the water amongst the
charcoal.
-
To aid in cleansing the filter air and water may be forced in by the vent passage
and so made to permeate the filtering beds and effectually relieve..it._from_all_
impurities.

page_text: I GEORGE CHEAVIN of Wide Bargate Filter Works Boston Lincolnshire Filter
Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FILTERS "and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My improved filter as I prefer to construct it consists of an earthenware iron or
other vessel in form cylindrical closed at one end with a flat bottom and at the
other receiving a moveable cover. Through the sides of the vessel immediately
above the bottom two apertures are formed, diametrically opposite, one receives the
draw off tap and the other a plug which is quite level and flush with the bottom
which is removed when cleansing the filter.
About a quarter of the way up from the bottom of the cylinder there is a shelf
on which a perforated partition rests, it is put into its place before the filter is
burnt and thus no cement is required for this bottom perforated plate.
Nearly three parts of the length of the cylindrical vessel is occupied by purifying
and filtering material which is laid upon this perforated partition.
The space beneath the partition is provided with a vent passage passing up
within the cylindrical vessel against the side and terminating in an aperturo on
the exterior immediately beneath the cover.
I employ in this filter prepared animal charcoal thrice burnt and washed first
with a solution of alum and then several times with water. The granules are
sorted by sieves into a series of sizes, the coarsest material is first laid on the
perforated partition then finer and again finer material is laid in successive layers
or beds. When about one half the entire quantity of prepared animal charcoal to
be employed is in place I put in a cup of earthenware or of other material in a
central position. The cup has a flat foot by which it stands on the filtering
material. I then fill in more prepared animal charcoal around the cup in successive
layers or beds commencing with the finest and following with layers progressively
coarser so that the upper layers are an exact counterpart of the lower layers but
arranged in reverse order. On the top of the filtering material a disc of earthen-
ware is placed, it has a hole in the centre allowing the mouth of the cup to project
through. The disc has a raised rim on its upper surface both around its outer edge
and around the hole which receives the mouth of the cup. The disc is fixed in its
place by cement which forms a water tight joint both against the outer wall of the
filter and around the cup. Above the disc is the space in the cylindrical vessel to
receive the water to be filtered. From this space the water passes amongst the
filtering material through a sponge which is placed within the cup. The water
passes from the cup by perforations formed in the upper part of its sides and so
the water finds its way amongst the upper coarser layers of charcoal. It percolates
through the filtering beds until it reaches the lower chamber of the filter where it
remains until drawn off for use.
These arrangements afford great security against the filtering material becoming
choked with impurities from the water. The grosser impurities at once settle and
are retained upon the disc between its raised margins. Hence but a small portion
of the solid impurities reaches the sponge and of this the greater part is retained
in the pores of the sponge until it is got rid of by washing the sponge. Even the
impurities which pass through the sponge have an opportunity of settling within
the cup so that hardly any solid matter is carried by the water amongst the
charcoal,

page_text: To aid in cleansing the filter air and water may be forced in by the vent
passage and so made to permeate the filtering beds and effectually relieve it
from all impuritics.
In order that my said Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect I will proceed to describe the drawing hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
The drawing represents a vertical section of a filter constructed according to my
Invention.
a a is the containing vessel of earthenware or other material. a¹ is its movable
cover. a² is the tap for drawing off the filtered water. a³ is a plug closing an
aperture which is opened for the purpose of cleansing the filter. b is a perforated
partition. cc are the filtering beds arranged on this partition; the beds are
numbered upwards 1 to 6-6 to 1 corresponding to the fineness of the material
employed; N° 1 indicating the coarser grade-and No.6. the finest. d is a vent
passage passing up within the vessel a and connecting the filtered water capacity ax
with the outer air. e is a cup which when the filter is in use contains a sponge it
is perforated at e. f is a disc covering the filtering beds, preventing them from
-being-disturbed_and_the water from entering amongst them except through the
sponge, it-has-raised rims """ to enable-it-to-retain on its surface the heavier
impurities which the water poured into the filter-may-carry-with it. The joints
around the outer and inner edges of the disc f are made good with cement.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the cama in to hafT declans that
--First. The improved filter herein described and represented-by-the-annexed-25-
drawings.
Second The-combination_in_a filter of the permeable beds c the cup e and the
disc preventing access of the water to the filter-beds-otherwise than through
the perforations of the cup substantially as described.
Third. Filters in which the filtering beds are compacted and confined between 30
partitions b and fand in which the compartment ax receiving the filtered water is
provided with a vent passage & so arranged that water may be made to enter by
the said vent passage and traverse the filtering beds in an upward or reverse
direction for the purpose of cleansing the same substantially as described.