IMPROVE- MENTS IN STEAM ENGINES FOR PUMPING & OTHER PURPOSES, PART OF WHICH DREICARED TO PUMPS
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Auguste Edouard Loradoux. Bellford, of 32, Essex
Street, Strand, London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STEAM ENGINES FOR PUMPING & OTHER PURPOSES, PART OF WHICH
DREICARED TO PUMPS " -1 ammunication
Sealed the 7th 'December 1855, and dated the 21st June 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux
Bellford at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 21st June 1855.
1.
'I, AUGUSTE EDOUARD LORADOUX BELLFORD, of 32, Essex Street, Strand,
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES FOR PUMPING & OTHER PURPOSES, PART OF
WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO PUMPS," a communication, to be as
follows; and consists in leading the eduction pipe of a steam engine directly
into the suction pipe of a common force or lift pump, whereby condensation is
effected & a partial vacuum produced without the air pump, condenser, &c., .
coinmon to condensing engines. When applied to boiler feeders,it condenses
the steam employed to drive the pump,and returns it to the boiler,employing
its caloric to heat the feed water. It relates also to the construction of ellip-
tical I pumps & elliptical rotary pumps generally. The elliptical pistons of the
engine are provided at their transverse ends with large cogs, which fit as they,
revolve into corresponding recesses in their conjugate diameters. There are

page_text: also in each piston between the large cogs and the recesses two sets of smaller
cogs, one on each side of each piston. The steam entering by the induction
pipe to the steam chamber between the elliptical pistons and the tight casing
causes the pistons to rotate in opposite directions. As the large cogs pass the
eduction passage the steam is discharged into the eduction pipe. The pump
combined with the engine is constructed on the like principle,except that only
one of its pistons has the large cogs, & the other contains recesses to receive
the cogs, both having small cogs on opposite sides to keep them in proper
relation to each other when the large cogs leave the recesses, so that one piston
is made to revolve by the revolution of the other. These pistons revolving in
the air-tight case of the pump are constantly producing variable chambers
between their surfaces & the walls of the case, whereby the water is caused
to enter the suction pipe & be forced out of the discharge pipe. A water
packing is applied by making grooves or corrugations on the periphery of the
cogs which work against the casing. The pump may be constructed with two
pistons, like those of the engine. The shaft of the pistou of the engine &
that of the piston of the pump are geared together by spur wheels. The educ-
tion pipe of the engine enters some distance into the suction pipe of the pump,
& discharges the steam therinto, so that it may be quickly condensed. This
system may also be applied to reciprocating engines & pumps.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 21st December 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, AUGUSTE
EDOUARD LOBADOUX BELLFORD, of 32, Essex Street, Strand, London, Patent
Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most. Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Pateut, bearing date the Twenty-first day of June, in the year of our Lord
One-thousand eight hundred and-fifty-five, in-the-nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, Her special licence that I, the
said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Anguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make,, use, exercise, and vend, within

page_text: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES FOR PUMPING
AND OTHER PURPOSES, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO PUMPS,"
(a communication,) upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
The first part of this Invention consists in leading the eduction pipe of a
steam engine directly into the suction pipe of a common force or lift pump,
whereby condensation is effected and a partial vacuum produced without the
cumbersomeand expensive apparatus, viz., condenser, air pump, &c., common
to condensing engines. The Invention is particularly applicable to steam
pumps or pumping engines for feeding boilers and other purposes; and when
applied to boiler feeders it condenses every particle of the steam used to drive
the pump, and returns it to the boiler, employing the whole of its caloric to
heat the feed water.
The second part of this Invention relates to the construction of pumps of
that description sometimes known as elliptical. This part of the Invention
enables the first part to be carried out in a more simple and effective manner
than with any other pump, and is also applicable to elliptical rotary pumps
generally.
The accompanying Drawing represents an elliptical rotary engine, and a
pump of similar character, constructed according to the second part of my
Invention, and combined according to the first part.
Fig. 1 is a vertical section parallel with the plane of rotation; and Fig. 2, a
section in the line x, x, of Fig. 1.
A is the steam engine proper, and B the pump. By reference to Fig. 1, it
will be seen that the elliptical pistons P, P¹, of the engine are provided at their
transverse ends with large cogs a, a, which are to fit as the pistons revolve into
corresponding recesses b, b, in their conjugate diameters. There are also in
each piston between the large cogs a, a, and the recesses b, b, two sets of
smaller cogs e, e, one set on each side of each piston. The steam entering
by the induction pipe C to the steam chamber, which is formed between the

page_text: elliptical pistons and the tight casing, acts upon thepistons in such a way as to
make them rotate in opposite directions; and as the large cogs pass the educ-
tion passage F, the steam behind them discharges itself into the eduction pipe
F¹. The pump B is constructed on the same principal as the engine proper,
except that only one of its pistons P*, P*, has the large cogs a, a, and the
other contains recesses b, b, to receive the cogs, both having small cogз e,ejou
opposite sides to keep them in proper relation to each other, when the large
cogs a, a, leave the recesses b, b, and it will be seen that by revolving the
piston Pon its axis the piston P*1 will be carried round by it. These pistons,
revolving in the air-tight case B, are constantly producing variable chambers
between their surfaces and the walls of the case, whereby the water is caused
to enter the suction pipe C' and be forced out of the discharge pipe F2. In
rotary pumps of this general character the great difficulty hasbeenthepacking
of the piston, or that part which rubs against or passes near to the inner wall
of the case or shell. This difficulty is met in this pump.by the application of
a water packing, by making grooves or corrugatious i,i,on the periphery of the
cogs aa; and as these become filled with water the centrifugal action of this
water becomes opposed to the resistance of the water to be forced, and it is
found to beequivalent in practice to a tight packing. The friction of packing
in such pumps is enormous if any degree of tightness is aimed at. The water
packing more than compensates for the want of tightness or nice fit by the
diminution of friction. The pump may be constructed with two pistons, like
those P, P¹, of the engine, if desirable.
The shaft G of the piston P of the engine and the shaft H of the pump are
geared together by the spur wheels g and h, as shown in Fig. 2, so that the
engine may drive the pump at the desired relative speed. It will be seen in
Fig. 1 that the eduction pipe F of the engine enters some distance into the
suction pipe C of the pump, and discharges the steam thereinto through a
number of small holes c, c, to bring it in contact with the water in small jets
or streams that it may be quickly condensed. The relative size and velocity of
the steam engine proper A, and the pump B, must depend on whether the
engine is to be used simply as a pumping engine or boiler feeder or to do other
work. If the engine is to be employed merely to supply water, the engine
proper or steam chamber would require to be smaller, or the pump to work
quicker relatively, than if the engine were to do other work, as in the latter
case the water raised would only be what is necessary to condense the steam,
while in the former case the quantity of water raised would be many times
greater than what is necessary for that purpose.
The above method of condensing the steam is applicable with particular

page_text: advantage to pumping engines, variously known as "donkey engines" and
"doctors, "employed to feed steam boilers, as every particle of steam employed
to work the pump is returned to the boiler, and none of its caloric is lost. It
is applicable with nearly equal advantage to all pumping purposes, as the con-
densation of the steam and consequent increase of power of the engine by a
vacuum of greater or less value is obtained at no expense whatever, either of
additional power to raise water for the condensation, or of additional machinery,
such as a separate condenser, air pump, &c. This method of condensing the
steam, by leading the eduction pipe of the steam engine directly into the suction
pipe of a pump,is not limited in its application to rotary engines and pumps,
but may be used with those of the reciprocating kind, though perhaps not with
the same advantage with a reciprocating pump as to a rotary pump, like that
described, which is continuous in its action and has no valves.
Having thus fully described the particulars and nature of the said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is or may be carried into effect, I wish it to
be distinctly understood that what I claim is,―
First, leading the eduction pipe of a steam engine into the suction pipe of a
force or lift pump, substantially as herein described, whereby the condensation
of the steam is effected and a vacuum of greater or less value produced without
a separate condenser and air pump, and this in engines wholly or in part
employed for supplying water without any additional expenditure or loss of
power to raise the water to effect condensation, and whereby in an engine
employed solely for feeding a steam boiler, the whole of the steam employed is
returned, to the boiler without loss of caloric.
Second, the corrugation or grooving of the pistons or cogs of the pump,
substantially as and for the purpose specified.
In witness whereof; I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford,
have hereunto set my hand and seal,this Twentieth day of December,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fitty-five.
A. E. LORADOUX BELLFORD. (L.S.)