IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW BOLTS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN MANUFACTURING THE SAME
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Haseltine, of the "International Patent
Office," No. 8, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW
BOLTS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN MANUFACTURING THE SAME."-
A communication from abroad by William Judson Clark, of Southington,
in the State of Connecticut, in the United States of America.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Georgo Haseltine at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Declara-
tion, on the 11th July 1866, pursuant to the 9th Section of the Patent
Law Amendment Act, 1852.
"TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
HASELTINE, of the "International Patent Office," No. 8, Southampton Build-
ings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send
greeting.
"
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SCREW BOLTS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN MANUFACTURING THE SAME,"
and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me, my executors, adminis-.
trators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and have made
solemn Declaration that the same has been communicated to me from abroad
by William Judson Clark, of Southington, in the State of Connecticut, in the
United States of America.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Haseltine, do hereby declare
that the following Complete Specification under my hand and seal fully

page_text: describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, in and by the following statement,"
reference being had to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, making a part
of this Specification.
The first part of my Invention consists in the production of a bolt made
from a round bar or rod, a portion of which bolt is square or argular, and a
portion left round, as in the rod or bar.
Another part of my Invention consists in making certain dies wherein I
can use round rods or blanks, and in which the angular portion of the bolt is
made from a round blank, as will be hereafter explained.
To raise or force out the corners of the bolt to the fullness or dimensions
desired, the compressing or swaging dies must be of such form as to force a
portion of the metal of the body of the rod from the centre to the corners of
the square.
This may be effected by the dies having convex faces on each of
their four compressing surfaces, or they may carry a rib, bead, or angular
projection on their faces longitudinally, or ribs, beads, or angular projections
on any or all their swaging surfaces, instead of being convex, as above
described, for it is indifferent to my Invention what is the form of the dies, so
that the desired result is thus produced.
I will proceed to describe what I consider the best means of carrying out
my Invention.
Figure 1 represents a longitudinal elevation of my bolt presenting one of
the faces; Figure 2, a longitudinal view presenting one of its corners;
Figure 3 shows a cross section of Figure 1 at X, X; Figure 4 is a cross
section at Y, Y, of Figure 2; Figures 5 and 6 represent still further the
form of the bolt; Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 14, and 15 represent
different views of the dies which I employ in forming the bolts. Similar
letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the Figures.
In Figure 3 the sides of the square portion of the bolt are shown depressed
into the form of a regular curve on each face from the raised corners, or in
other words the section shows the sides of the square to be concave.
Figure 4 shows the appearance of the bolt as cut transversely at the
line Y, Y, in Figure 2, the circle 6 showing the diameter of the bolt at
the line Y, Y, whilst the corners b¹ show the projections of the corners at the
line X, X, of Figure 1, and the outer circle of Figures 3 and 4 shows the
circular head of the bolt as seen longitudinally from where the bolt is cut in
Figures 1 and 2. It is obvious that the head may be made square or of any
other shape as well as round, for I do not mean to confine myself to any
particular shape for the head of the bolt.

page_text: Figure 2 shows two of the sides and three corners of the bolt as it of a
true square, but the corners are forced up fully in the manner above described.
To produce my bolts I construct a pair of dies A, A, of steel, cast iron, or
other metal, making the grooves therein for a portion of their length of a
semi-cylindrical form, as shown at a, and the remaining portion a¹ of an
angular form. This may be done by the means described below, or by other
convenient means, care being taken to properly graduate the change from the
round to the angular form, as represented. Each die A being provided with
a groove of this character will permit the two when placed together to present
at one end a cylindrical opening corresponding in diameter to that of the
cylindrical bolt blank, whilst the opening at the opposite end, instead of being
cylindrical, will be square or angular, but of similar sectional area as that of
the cylindrical part, so that when the two dies are forced together upon the
bolt blank (which has been previously heated to a proper degree) that part of
the blank lying within the angular portion of the grooves will be swaged out,
and forced to take the angular form corresponding to that of the angular
portion of the groove, and the part lying within the cylindrical portion of the
groove will retain its original shape. The dies thus holding and containing
the partially wrought bolt blank form an anvil, upon which a portion of the
blank projecting from the dies and at the ends thereof which contains the
angular groove is upset and formed into a head by any proper machinery that
will press said projecting portion of the blank towards the body or shank of
the bolt, and give it the desired shape or form. The square or angular
grooves in the dies are of such length as will give the required square or
angular form to the bolt and thence merge into the semi-cylindrical form of
the grooves in the dies, which are made to conform to the size of the rod to
be used in them.
B (Figures 1, 2, 5, and 6,) represents a bolt made in the dies, and after
the herein described manner of procedure. Its round and its square or
angular portions are of similar sectional areas, but the diameter of the round
portion is greater than the distance from face to face on the square portion,
as shown by the round and square or angular openings in the dies, whilst the
diagonal distance from corner to corner of the square portion of the bolt is
greater than the diameter of the round portion, so that the sectional areas of
the two portions may be the same, whilst their forms are changed by the act
of making the square or angular portion in the dies.
It will be perceived by reference to Figures 5 and 7 that the outlines of
the square or angular portion of the grooves in the die give a somewhat
different form to the outlines of the square or angular portion of the bolt

page_text: made or shaped in said grooves. This effect is caused by the upsetting or
driving in of that portion of the blank that forms the head of the bolt either
by slightly springing the dies or by forcing some portion of the metal end wise
into the dies, or by both, so that whilst the square or angular portion of the
bolt is formed mainly by the lateral compression of the dies, yet some portion
of it is attained by driving up the metal into them in the act of forming the
head. The thickening of the square or angular portion of the shank of the
bolt inmediately under the head is not intentional, but is due, as above stated,
to the upsetting or driving in of the projecting end of the blank to form the
head, and is incident to the operation of heading the bolt; and it is from
consequence a part of the result attained by that operation. I can, if
preferred, increase the upsetting effect to any extent desired, and can intro-
duce an upsetting device to act in advance of the heading operation.
Figure 1 of the Drawing shows the general form of my bolt when finished
and as viewed on one of its sides. Introducing into a machine a red-hot rod
of round iron, it is clamped by dies, and so much of the length of the bolt as
may be required to be square is compressed into the form shown by the
Drawings, while at the same time the dies form an anvil against which the
head is formed by another die or header. In constructing these dies I take
two blocks of steel A, A, or other suitable metal, of rectangular form and
equal in size, and after planing them up properly on all their faces, or such as
are to have the recess made in them, I run a groove through on one or more
of the faces of each, said groove being round for a portion of the length of
the die, as shown at a, a, Figures 7, 9, 10, 18, and 15, and of an angular
form for the remaining length, as shown at a², Figures 7, 10, 11, 18, and 14,
or as long as the square is desired to be on the bolt to be made. The round
part a is made of the proper size to fit or receive the round rod or blank that
is to be used and hold it snugly, and the angular or square part, graduating
from the round portion, is made convex on its sides or faces between the
corners or edges a¹ of the grooves, as seen at a², so as to press the metal in
towards the centre of the bolt blank when the dies are brought together
sidewise, as is designed, and thereby force the metal into the corners a¹ of the
same, making the square of a greater diameter across the angles of the bolt
than the original diameter of the rod, and sufficiently large to hold the bolt
from turning when driven into a hole or mortise that fits the round part easily.
The sectional area of the square portion will be about the same as the sectional
area of the round end, as shown at Figures 3 and 4. For the purpose of
more easily constructing the grooves I place the two blocks, sections, or dies
when ready for grooving in a planing machine end to end, and having a tool

page_text: with the point shaped properly to form the convex-sided square or angle, as
seen at a', I plane the groove entirely through the length of the two sections
of the proper size and shape to form the square portion on the bolt, as repre-
sented. I then chuck the two dies together firmly, and insert and bore out
with a milling tool at one end as far as is desired a round form, and of the
size of the round rods that are to be used, or of the bolt blanks, and leaving
small corners a¹, as seen in Figures 4 and 12. The round rod is not dis-
figured by said corners, because the round hole in the die is of just the proper
size to snugly hold the rod or blank without much compressing it. In
Figures 9 and 15 this round part of the die is hown without the corners a¹,
as the groove does not extend far enough through to form or leave them.
The grooving clear through is the easier operation, but the die may be partly
grooved and partly bored or milled out.
Having thus described the said improvements as communicated to me by
my foreign correspondent, I claim,-
First, the bolt substantially as herein described, constituting a new article
of manufacture, as herein set forth. Also a bolt made from a round rod or
bar, a portion of which bolt shall be square or angular, and a portion round,
as in the rod or bar, and so that the sectional areas of the square and round
portions shall be similar, the diameter of the round being less than the diagonal
distance from corner to corner of the angular portion.
Second, the die herein described and represented for making bolts partly
angular and partly round from round blanks, substantially in the manner and
for the purpose described. And also the combination and use of metallic
dies for the purpose of giving angular shape or form to a portion of a cylindrical
bolt by compression laterally, leaving the remaining portion of the bolt in its
original round form, and which dies also serve the purpose of an anvil, upon
which the head of the bolt is formed by upsetting a projecting portion thereof,
substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Haseltine, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Tenth day of July, in the year of our Lord Ono
thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
Witness,
W. R. LAKE.
GEORGE HASELTINE. (L.s.)