matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CUTTING PARTS OF REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Melton Marsden at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th April 1871.
I, HENRY MELTON MARSDEN, Saw & Steel Manufacturer, Don Saw
Works, Hillfoot, Sheffield, in the County of York, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CUTTING PARTS
OF REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object to increase the efficiency of the
cutting parts of reaping and mowing machines and to make it more easy
of restoration when lost or impaired by use, and consists in making the
section thinner than is now used, the requisite strength being given by
means of one or more grooves or ribs running lengthways or lengthways
and crossways of the section, such section being made of iron and steel
or altogether of steel. In addition I may sometimes turn over the back
or sides joining the back to strengthen the sides of the holes, or I may
sink the sides of the holes to make a suitable place or indent for the
revets.
My Invention further consists in attaching to the finger of reaping
and mowing machines a loose and moveable cutter having either plain

page_text: or toothed edges. This moveable cutter may form the bottom only or
both top and bottom of that part of the finger through which the section
passes when in action. I attach it to the body of the finger by means
of a recess and dovetailed slot or gate into which it slides, being held
in its place by a spring and stud fitting into the back of that part of the
finger overhanging this cutter, or by any other suitable means, so that it
can be easily removed for cleaning, sharpening, or changing. This
overhanging portion of the finger may be loose and moveable so as to
give ready access to the moveable cutter. When the moveable cutter
forms both top and bottom, or when the top of the finger is loose and
moveable, I fasten the cutter with a stud that when slided forward holds
by its thicker or wider part, the back end being held by a screw and
suitable recess in the finger into which the moveable cutter fits and is
fastened.
Sections made as here described will be cheaper and require less filing
and grinding to keep them sharp. This compound finger has theso
advantages over those now in use, it will retain its cutting power much
longer and admit of its easy restoration when impaired by use.
IMPROVED SELF- ACTING COUPLINGS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES, WAGONS, AND OTHER ROLLING STOCK
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Silas Rogers at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st July
1871.
I, SILAS ROGERS, of 123, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED SELF-
ACTING COUPLINGS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES, WAGONS, AND OTHER ROLLING STOCK,"
to be as follows:-
At the centre of one end of the carriage or vehicle I joint a coupling
link or eye for the reception of a hook at the centre of the adjoining
carriage or vehicle, there being a spring in connection with the link to
keep it in its horizontal or coupled position. The hook is fixed to a
pivot in connection with a helical or other spring, and in the bearing of
the pivot there is a slot containing a bolt, which can be moved to and
fro by a lever at each side of the vehicle in order to keep the hook firm
or leave it free to be turned by its spring. When the hook is bolted
and the ends of two carriages brought together the hook raises the link

page_text: and couples itself to it, the link being brought down by its spring, and
thus the coupling is performed in a self-acting manner, but to uncouple
or disconnect the hook and link the bolt is drawn back, and thereby
uncouple the carriages.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WORKING RUDDERS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Daniel Davis at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th April 1871.
I, GEORGE DANIEL DAVIS, of 16, Woodstock Road, Poplar, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WORKING RUDDERS," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to enable the rudder to be connected
or disconnected quickly from the machinery used in steering, to enable
steam vessels to be steered by the machinery on the bridge and after
part of the vessel, either combined or separately, and to give greater
security and case in steering.
To obtain the first and second of these advantages I use two tillers
constructed with a hole in each for a bolt or pin; this bolt or pin I call
the connecting bolt; one tiller is keyed or otherwise firmly fitted on
the rudder head; the other tiller works freely on or round the rudder
head, or is so fitted to the machinery aft according to the necessary
requirements. When the connecting bolt is in the tillers the two
tillers work jointly as one.

page_text: The above part of my Invention is applicable to any machinery used
in steering, and is therefore not confined or restricted to the machinery
heroin-after described.
For the more efficient means of working rudders, and to gain case
and security in so doing, I fix on the spindle of the steering wheel a
worm or a bevil wheel to communicate a rotating motion to a worm
wheel nut or bevil wheel nut supported by suitable frames or standards;
through the said nut passes a screw; at each end of the screw are fixed
plates, to which are connected rods or bars supported on a slide or
guide rods; the rods or bars carry a swivel eye working on the tiller,
thus communicating the motion to the rudder.
The screw herein-before described travels athwart ships.
In cases where additional power is required I use 2 bevil wheels,
one fitted on the steering wheel's spindle, the other on a spindle, on the
end of which is a spur wheel working in a like wheel on the end of the
screw, thus the nut acts on the tiller in the same manner as screw guide
rods or bars before mentioned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Waddington Mann and
William Parker at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 8th May 1871.
We, JOHN WADDINGTON MANN and WILLIAM PARKER, both of the
City and County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES," to be as
follows (that is to say) :-
Our Invention has reference to improved machinery to be employed
separately either as a reaper or mower, or combined in one machine,
whereby greater simplicity in the action and mode of constructing the
same is obtained without the aid of gearing as at present, and consists
in giving motion to the cutters or knife bar through the medium of a
trunnion way or groove formed upon the inside of the rim of the wheel
upon which the machine travels over the ground, into which said groove
or zig-zag way a friction roller or trunnion is caused to trail as the wheel
revolves, and thereby impart reciprocating motion to the knife bar
aforesaid, the said trunnion being fastened upon the end of a lever
radiating from a fixed spindle, in connection with which a vertical bar
or key movement catch is employed for lifting the trunnion and lever

page_text: aforesaid out of gear with the zig-zag groove, and clear of the link pin
in the cross head of knife bar, so as to enable the same to be withdrawn
for sharpening the blades, a handle being also employed for raising and
lowering the machine to obtain the desired height of cut.
By the above arrangement and principle of construction the machine 5
may be changed from a reaper to a mower by simply reversing the
wheel so as to bring the opposite trunnion way in action to get the
difference in speed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING, SIZING, DRESSING, AND DRYING YARN, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Ormerod Whitehead at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 27th April 1871.
I, PETER ORMEROD WHITEHEAD, of Rawtenstall, in the County of
Lancaster, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING, SIZING, DRESSING, AND DRYING
YARN, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
"
This Invention consists in applying to the machines known as tape
legs" and "slashers" certain apparatus by the aid of which the process
of bleaching may be performed previous to the usual operations of sizing,
dressing, and drying.
In performing my Invention I place between the size trough and
the warp beams on which the warp is supplied to the " tape leg" or
"slasher" a trough containing a solution of oxychloride of magnesium
or other bleaching liquor, the warp after passing through the bleaching
liquor is taken between squeezing rollers to remove the excess of
bleaching liquor, the warp then passes through a second trough con-
taining an acid solution, by preference hydrochloric, and the warp after
leaving this trough is taken again between squeezing rollers to remove

page_text: the excess of the acid solution before it enters the size trough forming
part of the sizing machine. By this means the warp is bleached before
it is sized, dressed, and dried, and the various processes are performed
in succession.
For some descriptions of yarn it is desirable to dry the warp before
it enters the size trough; when such is the case I place a drying chamber
heated by hot air or steam between the bleaching troughs and the size
trough.
My Invention may be modified by bleaching the warps before they
are taken to the ordinary "tape legs" or "slashers" or to the ball
sizing frames.
A NEW OR IMPROVED SAFETY VALVE FOR PREVENTING EXPLOSION IN BOILERS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Wade Boyd at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd March 1871.
I, RICHARD WADE BOYD, of the Firm of Alexander Boyd and Son,
of New Bond Street, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED SAFETY VALVE
FOR PREVENTING EXPLOSION IN BOILERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of a new or improved safety
valve applicable to boilers, the object being to prevent any possibility of
explosion. I propose to form a pipe or tube of metal, but into the
shape of a double inverted syphon, and to fix the same to a con-
venient part of the boiler so as to form a communication therewith,
thus the pipe extends from the boiler to the bottom of the first syphon,
the pipe then again ascends to a given height, and again descends to
the bottom of the second syphon, and ultimately rises and terminates
in an open pipe about the level of the top of the syphon. The pipe so
far as the middle or thereabouts of the first ascending syphon may
be made of any suitable diameter, but the second syphon may be of a
similar diameter, or less if desired. Because the lower part of the first

page_text: syphon contains water capable of being acted upon by the steam
generated in the boiler, the upper, half of the syphon contaius air, and
the final portion contains mercury, consequently there will probably
result equal levels of water, air, and mercury throughout the syphon
tube, all capable of variation according to any pressure of steam entering
the syphon. The height and diameter of the mercurial tube may of
course be varied as desired, because whatever may be the diameter the
resistance of pressure must depend upon height alone, it would therefore
be convenient in practice to decrease the diameter of the tube, and to
regulate the pressure by the quantity or height of the mercury. The
effect of the application of this new or improved safety valve is as
follows: Should steam be suddenly generated in the boiler, as first
mentioned it would escape into the syphon tube, forcing the water, air,
and mercury completely out of the syphon, and permitting the free
and complete escape of steam, thereby relieving the boiler from pressure
and preventing its explosion. The separation of the water in the boiler,
from contact with the mercury in the syphon is an important element
in the Invention: Of course the form of the syphon may be varied
from the plan described, and even extended to a triplicate or further
.series, the principle of the Invention being the same.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF MAKING PAPER PULP FROM WOOD
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Albert. Reginald Parks Smith, of Arundel
Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, and
Charles Wedderburn Granville, of Mansfield Chambers, St. Ann's
Square, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Merchant, for
the Invention of "AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF MAKING PAPER PULP
FROM WOOD."
Sealed the 18th April 1871, and dated the 14th February 1871.
1871.
We, ALBERT REGINALD PARKS SMITH, of Arundel Street, Strand,
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, and CHARLES WEDDERBURN
GRANVILLE, of Mansfield Chambers, St. Ann's Square, Manchester, in

page_text: the County of Lancaster, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF MAKING PAPER PULP FROM
WOOD," to be as follows:-
Our said Invention relates to a process of converting wood fibres
into pulp from which we can manufacture paper of the very finest
quality. For this purpose we first bleach the wood in a solution
of chlorine or chloride of lime, and then boil it in the same solution
with or without the addition of a small quantity of soda ash. By this
improved process we can make a pulp from wood which without the
admixture of pulp made from any other material can be manufactured
into paper of any quality and will produce paper equal in all respects
to that obtained from rags or other materials heretofore used for the
purpose.
In practising our said Invention we take chlorine, chloride of lime,
or bleaching powder, and mix the same with a suitable quantity of
water to make a solution of from two to five degrees on Twaddle's
hydrometer. This solution is allowed to settle till it becomes perfectly
clear. A portion of it is then placed in a steeping tank or vat, and the
wood, preferably in the form of thin shavings or filaments, is laid therein
and allowed to soak for about forty-eight hours. The wood is then
taken out of the tank and with the same bleaching solution is placed
in a suitable boiler and is boiled therein for about an hour or an hour
and a half. We add to the bleaching solution while the wood is boiling
therein a small quantity of soda ash or of weak solution of caustic soda
previously heated in a separate vessel. In cases where the wood filaments
are cut very fine or small we may dispense with the soda ash or caustic
soda. After boiling, the mass is strained off and washed in clear water,.
and the pulp will then be ready for use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Immanuel Liebich and William
Wadbrook Paterson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 21st June 1871.
We, IMMANUEL LIEBICH, of 32, Buckingham Road, Brighton, in the
County of Sussex, and WILLIAM WADBROOK PATERSON, of Herne, in
the County of Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of an addition and improvement to the piano
by means of which (besides the ordinary tone) a totally different effect
may be produced. It can be used simply as an addition and does not
interfere with any of the existing qualities, and can be fitted at a small
cost to any instrument. We obtain this effect by interposing between
the hammers and the wires tongues made of various substances as under
explained.
Referring to the Drawing Fig. 1 the tongues B, B, B, B, are made
of steel, iron, horn, or other material, and fastened to the bar A, A,
which is made of metal, wood, or other material,-and passes-right-across-
the piano, and a tongue for every note is fastened to it. By putting

page_text: down a pedal connected to A the whole of these tongues are moved
forward so as to interpose between the hammers and the wires, pro-
ducing a fine effect; but on letting the pedal free the bar A and the
tongues B, B, B, B, will be drawn back out of the way of the hammer
and the piano will sound as usual. Fig. 2 represents section shewing the 5
position of the tongues when acted upon by the hammer C. Fig. 3
a cross section of the same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WASHING AND BOILING CLOTHES, FABRICS, AND YARNS, AND IN PART APPLICABLE FOR MIXING AND FOR CHURNING
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Murdoch at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
September 1871.
t
I, JOHN MURDOCH, of Dundce, in the County of Forfar, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WASHING AND BOILING CLOTHES, FABRICS,
AND YARNS, AND IN PART APPLICABLE FOR MIXING AND FOR CHURNING," to be
as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to apparatus designed principally for effecting
the cleansing of clothes in a thorough and yet simple and convenient
manner, the improved apparatus is however also applicable for washing
and boiling various fabrics and yarns, and in part for mixing various
ingredients together or for churning.
The first part of the improved apparatus consists of a vessel of a
rectangular or other convenient form and divided vertically into two
compartments into one of which the clothes are put, whilst in the other
a plunger or piston is arranged to be worked up and down by a lever or

page_text: revolving crank. There is a perforated board or grating near the bottom
of the clothes compartment, and beneath this the space communicates
with the bottom of the plunger compartment, so that the movement of
the plunger causes water to be worked up and down through the
grating. A similar movable grating is provided to be placed or fixed
above the clothes so as to confine them when being acted upon by
the reciprocating water.
.
The second part of the apparatus is a boiler contrived to make
currents or jets of water to play on and pass through the clothes
whilst being boiled, and such boiler is in the form of an ordinary
open washing boiler with the heating flues arranged to act on the sides
as well as bottom. A series of circulating passages or pipes are formed
in or fitted to the sides, each such passage or pipe having one end
in communication with the bottom of the boiler whilst the other' end
communicates with the upper part of the side. The action of the heat.
on the water in these passages or pipes causes a violent circulation,
the water passing up them and being projected from their upper
ends towards the centre of the boiler and upon the top of the clothes.
The part of the improved apparatus applicable for mixing or for
churning is what is herein-before described as the first part.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING TENONS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Greaves and William
Holroyd at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 29th April 1871.
in
We, GEORGE GREAVES and WILLIAM HOLROYD, both of Bingley,
the West Riding of Yorkshire, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING
TENONS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to improved apparatus which may be applied
to an ordinary morticing machine for the purpose of cutting tenons.
The apparatus consists of two pairs of cutters fixed the one pair above
the other on a double or bifurcated tool holder, which may be attached
to the spindle of a morticing machine in lieu of the morticing chisel
when it is desired to cut tenons. The upper pair of cutters are attached
to blocks fixed adjustably between stays or ribs on the holder, and the
lower pair of cutters are also adjustable and are secured directly to the
tool holder. On the downward movement of the apparatus the lower
pair of cutters come first into action, and are so disposed as to make
a vertical incision on each side of the timber to form the "shoulders"
•

page_text: "
of the tenon, whilst the upper pair of cutters which follow the lower
cutters are arranged so as to cut the wood at right angles to the
incisions made by the vertical or " shoulder cutters to cut the
"cheeks" of the tenon, and complete the same by removing the super-
fluous wood.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND PROPULSION OF FLOATING BODIES FOR THE PURPOSE OF NAVIGATION
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ralph Bourne at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
-
May 1871. Partly a communication from abroad by James
Campbell, of Calcutta.
I, RALPH BOURNE, of Hilderstone Hall, in the County of Stafford,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND PROPULSION OF FLOATING BODIES FOR THE PURPOSE
OF NAVIGATION," which is partly communicated to me from abroad by
James Campbell, of Calcutta, and partly invented and discovered by me,
to be as follows: :-
The improvements consist in constructing floating bodies with a
platform or deck suspended or supported on any suitable number of,
preferably four, circular hollow air-tight drums or chambers. The said
drums are capable of revolving, and when made to do so cause the
whole mass by means of paddles attached to the outside to move in, on,
or through the water.
The improvements may be carried into effect by constructing four
or more circular air-tight drums which carry a platform or deck, that is
to say, that the axles of the drum work in bearings in the platform, and

page_text: the drums being of course full of air rest on the water and support the
platform or deck. The drums are furnished on their outside with
paddles attached in any suitable way, but the said drums are preferably
made with a flange to support and strengthen the paddles. The drums
are made to revolve by means of steam or other power derived from an
engine situate on and preferably partly below the platform, and by
means of their paddles cause the whole floating mass to move in, on,
or through the water. When intended to be used in warfare the drums
are intended to be made of or cased with shot-proof steel, and the plat-
form or deck is also intended to be covered. For use for river work,
such as towing and such like, the drums would be made of wood or
light iron.
The accompanying Drawing will serve as an illustration of my Inven-
tion, in which Figure 1 is a 'plan_shewing platform or deck and suitable.
position of air-tight drums or chambers; Figure 2 is a side elevation ;
Figures 3 & 4 shew on a larger scale end view and side view of air-tight
drum or chamber with paddles attached, also shewing at Figure 3 a
suitable way in which the paddles may be attached to the drum, but it
is obvious that all the details may be very much varied, and this
Drawing is given merely as an illustration.
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR STEERING SHIPS OR VESSELS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philip Kearney Macgregor
Skinner at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 2nd May 1871.
•
I, PHILIP KEARNEY MACGREGOR SKINNER, of Newport, Isle of Wight,
in the County of Hampshire, Major-General & C.B., do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR
STEERING SHIPS OR VESSELS," to be as follows:-
The principal object of this Invention is to remove the difficulties
experienced in steering large screw steamers, especially ironclad men-
of-war, where the immense body of water violently driven by the screw
against the rudder not only impedes the rudder's movements, but being
in addition to the force of the current caused by the ship's passage
through the water renders it necessary that a very powerful agent
should be brought to bear on the rudder to bring it into a position to
turn the ship, and even then the effect upon the ship is slow and sluggish
with an enormous strain upon the head of the rudder. This rudder acts
at right angles to the course of the ship in front of and above the axis
of the screw,
and as it works on a trunnion and is exactly counterpoised

page_text: it glides readily into and out of the passing water. It may therefore not
be assuming too much to say that the strength of one man will be
sufficient under all circumstances to control the rudder and direct the
movements of the largest ship with precision and effect.
The following are details of means or apparatus :-This rudder is not
placed outside the ship, nor is it hinged to the vessel, but is enclosed
therein and moves across the same, working in and out of orifices in the
ship's sides. The tiller rope is carried direct to a wheel above and can
be brought to the sides of the ship and taken to a wheel placed forward
or in any part of the vessel and a tiller sheeve is provided. There is an
adjusting counterpoise weight or regulator which has rods with screwod
tops for nuts to raise or lower the adjusting weight and keep it in its
place. Iron plating, say, 4 inches thick is secured inside the ship near
-the-rudder,-to-which-a-beam carrying the counterpoise regulator and
tiller sheeve are fixed and to which a rudder case closed at top is bolted.
This rudder being transverse is of great strength and can move free from
contact-with-the opening in its case and in the-side of the ship through
which it operates. This rudder works on a trunnion, and a small cog
wheel throws the counterpoise weight or regulator to the opposite side
of the ship from the rudder and retains the rudder in its place, preventing
jerking or jumping, and for this reason this wheel should be beavy with
a broad flange on both sides of the cog. The small cog wheel gears
with toothed sectors, a lower one connected with this rudder, and an
upper one with the counterpoised adjusting weight and tiller.
A NEW MODE OF FASTENING Securely and ImmEDIATELY ANY BROKEN BAR, CARRIAGE POLE, SHAFT, GAFF, OAR, SCULL, OR MAST OF SMALL VESSELS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Gurrin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
April 1871.
I, JAMES GURRIN, of Forty-three, Highgate Road, Middlesex, Woollen
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW MODE OF FASTENING Securely and ImmEDIATELY ANY BROKEN BAR,
CARRIAGE POLE, SHAFT, GAFF, OAR, SCULL, OR MAST OF SMALL VESSELS," to
be as follows:-
It consists of two pieces of sheet metal modelled on the hinge and
screw bolt principle, forming a kind of belt, which being adapted
in shape to the class of bar it is intended to secure, enwraps the
broken splinters, and binds them tightly. It is so made as not to
meet quite round the bar, in order that it may allow for the extra
pressure which the screwing on the fly-wing nuts involves. At both
ends of the Invention on the inside are several steel pegs, or when
great pressure is not necessary a part of the metal is turned over at
the ends inwards and roughed, forming sharp teeth like pegs, which
when applied to woodwork, enter it as the Invention is screwed up.
On each side where it meets in closing are two or more split bolts,

page_text: wormed, so made and placed that when the said Invention is applied
to any bar and closed round it, each half bolt unites with its corres-
ponding half, each pair forming one complete bolt, fly-wing nuts are then
placed on them, which, as they are screwed up the bolts gradually
compress and tighten the whole " grip "vice like, leaving the broken 5
bar firmer and more secure than any splicing, and may be left thus
until it is convenient to renew.the bar.
AN IMPROVED GLOVE TO BE USED IN CERTAIN MEDICAL AND OTHER OPERATIONS, WHERE IT IS NECESSARY TO PRESERVE THE SKIN FROM DANGER AND YET RETAIN THE SENSE OF TOUCH
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Robert Liston at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd February 1871.
I, JAMES ROBERT LISTON, of New Malden, in the County of Surrey,
Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED GLOVE TO BE USED IN
CERTAIN MEDICAL AND OTHER OPERATIONS, WHERE IT IS NECESSARY TO PRESERVE
THE SKIN FROM DANGER AND YET RETAIN THE SENSE OF TOUCH," to be as
follows:-
It is often desirable to protect the skin of the band in medical and
other operations, and hitherto gloves made entirely of india-rubber
have been used for this purpose, but gloves of this kind possess the
disadvantage that they greatly interfere with the delicacy of the sense
of touch which it is very important should be preserved as perfectly as
possible.
In my improvement I do not make the glove entirely of india-rubber,
but I make those portions of the hand where it is necessary to preserve
the sense of touch of a fine skin, such as animal or fish bladder and

page_text: the other portion of the glove I make of india-rubber, the elasticity of
which will allow of the free movement of the hand. The two portions
of the glove may be made either separate, the skin being secured on
the hand by the india-rubber being put on over it, or the two portions
may be made together, the skins being attached to the india-rubber.
Instead of being made of skin those portions of the glove where it
is necessary to preserve the sense of touch may be made of some other
finc substance, such as india-rubber of a thinner kind than that forming
the body of the glove, the thin portion being secured on the hand by
or attached to the body of the glove.
My improved gloves can be used with advantago in medical, surgical,
or chemical operations, and especially as an obstetric or midwifery
glove, the main object being to secure the practitioner from danger in
discases like syphilis, that may be communicated by contact to any
exposed surface.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF DELIVERING FLUIDS FROM GLASS, METAL, WOODEN TUBES OR BOTTLES BY CAPILLARY ATTRACTION
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Henry Musgrave at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th May 1871.
I, SAMUEL HENRY MUSGRAVE, of 217, Camden Road, Camden Town,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF DELIVERING FLUIDS FROM GLASS, METAL, WOODEN TUBES OR BOTTLES
BY CAPILLARY ATTRACTION,” to be as follows:-
I use tubes or bottles of glass, metal, or wood, of various colours, and
lengths, and shapes, with a neck contracted at the point, forming an
opening of about the eighth of an inch for a cork. I then place on the
tube or bottle a moveable wire spring fitting, having two coils, straight
wire, and loop, which extends so as to fall directly over the cork; into
the loop I place a small sponge. When required for use the cork is
withdrawn, and the spring fitting pushed down, so as to bring the sponge
into close contact with the opening or neck; it then acts as an
improved capilliary.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR AND IN THE TREATMENT OF SACCHARINE SOLUTIONS
Year: 1871

page_text: •
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Duncan and John
Stenhouse at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 6th May 1871.
We, JAMES DUNCAN, of Mincing Lane, in the City of London, Sugar
Refiner, and JOHN STENHOUSE, of Rodney Street, Pentonville, in the
County of Middlesex, Analytical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR
AND IN THE TREATMENT OF SACCHARINE SOLUTIONS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the separation of iron from sugar and from
saccharine solutions, and consists in the employment for that purpose
of the sulphides and of the hydrosulphides of strontium, of the sulphides
and of the hydrosulphides of calcium, and of the sulphides and of the
hydrosulphides of magnesium in order that the iron may be precipitated
therefrom.
In carrying out this Invention we firstly dissolve the sugar in water
and should the solution be acid we neutralize the same by the addition
of carbonate of lime or whiting by means of lime or by the employ-
ment of an alkali or of an alkaline earth, we then add either one or

page_text: more of the sulphides or of the hydrosulphides before mentioned or
mixtures of the samc, and in such quantity as shall ensure the entire
precipitation of the iron, care however being taken that no excess of
sulphides or of the hydrosulphides be employed. Should the solution
of the sugar be alkaline or only faintly acid then the sulphides or the
hydrosulphides or mixtures of the same may be at once added without
any preliminary treatment.
In applying our Invention to the precipitation of iron from either
saccharine solutions or syrups, they may be either at once treated as
before mentioned, the same precautions being taken to neutralize any ]
free acid that may exist in the same, or the solutions may be diluted
to any desired extent. The solutions of sugar or the other saccharine
solutions or syrups before referred to may be treated either at the
ordinary or at such an elevated temperature as may be found desirable.
The sulphides of strontium, of calcium, and of magnesium may be 1
employed either in the solid state or in solution, but I prefer to employ
them and also the hydrosulphides before mentioned in the latter
form.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PER- MANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edwards at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st August
1871.
I, JOHN EDWARDS, of Cassland Crescent, South Hackney, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PER-
MANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
My improvements in forming sleepers of iron or other material with
raised platforms at each end; these platforms carry a spring of wood or
metal. The springs resting on the raised platforms are thus enabled to
deflect under a load. The rails the rails I place in chairs or otherwise.
When I use a flat-bottom rail I place the rail on the springs and take a
bolt down by the sides of the spring and through a nut plate into the
crown of the sleeper, thus the spring is jamed between the rail and nut
plate, and the bolts going into the crown of the sleeper holds the rails
to guage. The sleepers are made with an overcast jaw to prevent the
springs lifting off the sleepers. When I use a double-headed rail I place
them in chairs and take bolts through the chairs and nut plate as before
mentioned, thus the springs become jamed between the base of the
chair and nut plate. I cast a lug on to the end of the chairs, and to

page_text: this lug I fix the tie bars to hold the rails to guage, and in this case
I form overcast jaws at each end of the sleepers to hold the springs in
their place and to hold the road to line, so that while the sleepers may
be broken and become displaced the rails are still held to guage by the
Also in forming
tie bars being fixed to the chairs which carry the rails.
the bottoms of chairs round or curved instead of flat, as at present, to
prevent cutting into the sleepers. Also to the application of a piece
of wood to the ends of wood sleepers, and making the chairs to saddle
or overlap this peice of wood to prevent the chairs from cutting into
the sleeper itself and keeping the road to gauge, this piece of wood being
first fixed to the sleeper.
AN IMPROVED NEEDLE
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abel Morrall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st August
1871.
I, ABEL MOBRALL, of Studley, in the County of Warwick, Needle
› Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED NEEDLE," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to construct a needle which shall be
easily threaded, and which after being threaded shall hold the sewing
material securely. This I propose to do by forming an oblique inclined
‣ grooved or bevilled channel for the cotton or other material on one side
of the eye in such manner that the sewing material being introduced
therein may easily glide through the eye in an oblique direction, and
when the needle is thus threaded the sewing material is necessarily held
more securely than in the eye of an ordinary needle where the said
eye is made through the needle in a directly or nearly directly vertical
direction.
Another advantage offered by my Invention is that the whole of the
sewing material may be used, for unlike a needle of ordinary con-

page_text: struction a single thread may be employed, a knot being made in the
end thereof to prevent the sewing material from being pulled through
the eye, and the said knot lying in the grooved or recessed space before
spoken of as provided in one side of the eye is drawn through the work
without difficulty.
CERTAIN IM- PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adam Murray and James
Cowburn at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 15th March 1871.
We, ADAM MURRAY, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
and JAMES COWBURN, of Radcliffe, in the same County, Manufacturers,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IM-
PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
In weaving checks and fancy fabrics it is often necessary to work
the loom backwards by hand, in order to discover and remedy a defect,
now in looms of the ordinary construction this working back could not
be effected without influencing the picking motion and the shuttle was
often brought into the shed, and frequent breakages of the warp threads
was the result; now our Invention consists in so constructing the
picking motion that in working the loom backwards, no motion is
transmitted to the shuttle.
In performing our Invention we mount the bowl or other instru-
ment against which the tappet or wiper acts on a hinged stud with a

page_text: locking bracket, so that the bowl or other instrument is held rigid when
the loom is working forwards, but when the loom is going backwards
the hinge allows the bowl or other instrument to be lifted out of the
way by the tappet or wiper without acting on the picking stick.
A NEW MANUFACTURE OF SHEET METAL APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thaddeus Hyatt, of Gloucester Gardens, Hyde
Park, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "A NEW
MANUFACTURE OF SHEET METAL APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES,”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thaddeus Hyatt at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 10th August 1871.
I, THADDEUS HYATT, of Gloucester Gardens, Hyde Park, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW MANUFACTURE OF SHEET METAL APPLICABLE FOR VARIOUS USEFUL
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the production by rolling or forging of a
new manufacture of merchantable wrought metal sheets which I will
call 'beam sheet" metal, and which consists of a sheet of metal
combined with (that is to say rolled or formed in one piece with) a
"

page_text: beam or beams extending along one or both the opposite and longest
edges of such sheet or along the middle thereof. The said sheet being
of the ordinary thickness of sheet metal now manufactured has con-
sequently all the lightness of ordinary sheet metal with the strength and
rigidity now obtained only by the use of separate beams or girders. If
desired stiffening ribs or solid ridges may be rolled transversely at
convenient intervals on one or both surfaces of the sheet portion of the
metal, but I prefer to corrugate the sheet portion of the metal trans-
versely by and during the process of rolling or forming the "beam
sheet."
Metal of the form above described will be found of great utility in
various structures, such, for example, as fire-proof flooring, partitions,
roofs (whether illuminating or otherwise), and ceilings, bridges, tanks,
and other structures where sheet iron combined with beams or girders is
applicable as with a given weight of metal fewer joints are formed, and
consequently greater strength is obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN DOUBLING, SPINNING, AND OTHER FRAMES IN WHICH THE FIBRE UNDER OPERATION PASSES BETWEEN PAIRS OF ROLLERS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Murray Wilson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd August 1871.
I, GEORGE MURRAY WILSON, of Heronhill, Hawick, in the County
of Roxburgh, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN DOUBLING, SPINNING,
AND OTHER FRAMES IN WHICH THE FIBRE UNDER OPERATION PASSES BETWEEN PAIRS
OF ROLLERS," to be as follows:-
The object of the Invention is to lessen the quantity of waste made
in doubling, spinning, and other frames in which the fibre under
operation passes between pairs of rollers, and is particularly applicable
where the under roller of the pair is the driver and the upper of them is.
driven by surface contact with such lower one,
This object is obtained according to the Invention by stopping the
motion of the upper roller, and a convenient method of so doing is by
raising such upper roller from contact with the lower one by a wedge
pointed or other suitably formed piece capable of being moved between
such rollers, so as to separate them when a thread breaks, the wedge or

page_text: other suitably formed piece being connected to one end of a lever the
other end of which is formed to rest on or be suspended from or otherwise
to be acted upon by the thread passing between such pair of rollers,
Whilst the thread under operation remains whole at that part, and the
lever is suspended or acted upon by it, the wedge or other suitably
formed piece is kept clear of the rollers, but so soon as a thread breaks
the lever suspended or acted upon thereby will by being released at one
end cause the wedge or other suitably shaped piece to pass in between
the pair of rollers acting on such thread or otherwise lift the top roller,
when the further supply will cease.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING ON BOARD SHIP AND IN OTHER PLACES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Newton Gisborne at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th March 1871.
I, FREDERIC NEWTON GISBORNE, of the Strand, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING ON BOARD SHIP AND IN OTHER
PLACES," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in means or apparatus
for signalling on board ship and in other places, and relates to that class
of apparatus in which water or other liquid is used as the means of
"communicator"
communication between the operating instrument or
and the "indicator." For this purpose I employ in each instrument a
pair of cylinders and pistons, or it may be a pair of collapsible chambers.
The pair of cylinders or chambers of the "communicator" is connected
by pipes or tubes to the pair of cylinders or chambers of the "indicator"
so that as motion is given to the pistons of the "communicator” by
means of a suitable handle or lever in either direction, a similar amount
of motion is communicated through the water in the pipes or tubes and

page_text: cylinders to the pistons of the "indicator." The pistons of each pair
of cylinders are connected together by means of a common piston rod,
on which a pair of racks are formed or fixed. One of these racks of
the "communicator" is taken into by a toothed pinion on which the
actuating handle or lever is fixed, while the other rack takes into a
toothed pinion on the axis of a hand or pointer pointing to divisions on
a suitable dial. In the case of the "indicator" one rack communicates
motion to a hand or pointer, as in the case of the "communicator,”
whilst the other rack takes into a pinion, on the axis of which is fixed a
number of arms or levers, each of which acts upon the ordinary bell
apparatus to cause the bell to sound whenever a signal has been com-
municated. It will be seen that by the above arrangement of cylinders
and pistons the action of one pair of cylinders is balanced by the other,
so that in whatever position the vessel happens to be the action of the
signalling apparatus will not be impaired. In order to compensate for
any possible leakage in the cylinders or pipes I connect the pipes or
tubes with a compressible chamber or with a cylinder containing water
or other liquid. The chamber or piston of the cylinder being acted upon
by a powerful spring or by a weight capable of adjustment by a screw
or otherwise so as to keep the water or other liquid under
any desired
pressure.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND COMPOSITION FOR TREATING PAPER AND FIBROUS MATERIALS TO INCREASE THEIR STRENGTH AND PLIABILITY
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Chase at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th November 1871.
I, WILLIAM HENRY CHASE, of the City and State of New York,
United States of America, now of No. 8, Southampton Buildings,
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF AND COMPOSITION FOR TREATING PAPER AND FIBROUS
MATERIALS TO INCREASE THEIR STRENGTH AND PLIABILITY," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the saturation and coating of paper, cloth,
and other like materials with a composition of glycerine and alkali.
I take purified glycerine mixed with water and add to the same a
solution of pearlash or saleratus, using about ten parts of this solution
to every hundred parts of the glycerine. These substances must be
mixed well together, and the composition will then be ready for appli-
cation to the paper or other material.
The alkaline solution may be prepared from any of the solid caustic,
carbonated, or silicated alkalies, but I prefer that it should be made from

page_text: the soda and potash alkalies. In some instances I may use common
unbleached glycerine instead of the purified glycerine.
The glycerine may be of various degrees of density from five to
twenty-five degrees Baumé, according to the purpose to which the paper
or other substance is to be applied. Fifteen to twenty degrees will be
sufficient in most cases, but it may be used to advantage as dense as
thirty degrees or upwards. The solution of soda, pearlash, or other
carbonated, caustic, or silicated alkalies should be of about five degrees
Baumé. A thin solution of soap may also sometimes be used in sub-
stitution for the alkaline solution with the glycerine. The composition
is applied to the materials or articles to be saturated or coated by means
of a brush or by immersion in a bath. In some cases the saturation
may be accelerated by the application of heat.
The composition may be scented or perfumed preparatory to the
coating or immersion of the paper or other materials; and where it is
necessary or desirable to colour the paper or other materials I may put
into the composition any suitable colouring matter; or I may use
coloured paper or cloth and apply the composition to the same as
above described.
Packages, envelopes, and boxes saturated with my composition may
in some cases have oil, or resinous varnishes, or water and air proof
coatings applied to their exterior as an additional protection; or I
may use for the same purpose tin or other metallic foil.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Shackleton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
May 1871.
I, WILLIAM SHACKLETON, of Spring Wood Mill, near Todmorden, in
the County of York, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to
be as follows :-
The object of this Invention is to damp or moisten the warp threads
between the warp beam and the healds to prevent or reduce the breaking
of the warp threads in dry, frosty, or hot weather, and to reduce the
dust in the weaving shed.
In performing my Invention I apply one or more hollow lease rods
made of wood or other porous material, and filled with water or other
liquid to moisten the warp threads as they pass over and under; or I use
ordinary lease rods, and apply one or more hollow rods either above or
below the warp threads, or above and below, to effect the same object.