A NEW METHOD OF OBTAINING CELLULOSE, SAVONULE, AND LACS FROM THE CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF DYE WOODS FROM WHICH THE COLOURING MATTER HAS BEEN EXTRACTED.
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jean Henri Chaudet, 119, Rue Saint Julien,
Rouen, (France), for the Invention of "A NEW METHOD OF OBTAINING
CELLULOSE, SAVONULE, AND LACS FROM THE CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF DYE
WOODS FROM WHICH THE COLOURING MATTER HAS BEEN EXTRACTED.
Scaled the 5th January 1872, and dated the 26th October 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jean Henri Chaudet
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 26th October 1871.
I, JEAN HENRI CHAUDET, 119, Rue St. Julien, Rouen, (France), do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW METHOD OF
OBTAINING CELLULOSE, SAVONULE, AND LACS FROM THE CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF
DYE WOODS FROM WHICH THE COLOURING MATTER HAS BEEN EXTRACTED," to be
as follows:-
In order to obtain coloring matter from dye woods it suffices to reduce
the woods to coarse powder or sawdust, to treat this powder with water,

page_text: and to evaporate, the coloring matter being soluble and transportable
by the dissolving medium separating it easily from the cellular tissue of
the wood which remains free, and thus is obtained with the sought for
product, the coloring matter, a residue containing an abundance of
fibrine or cellulose still impregnated with a small quantity of dyeing
matter in a soluble state, and of resins and matters insoluble in
water.
Up to the present time these residues have been used as fuel in
manufactories even where they prepare dye woods. Properly treated
these residues may be very advantageously utilized in industrial esta-
blishments, and really we have ascertained that the following products
may be obtained from it:-1°. Cellulose pure, which may be used as
paste or pulp for paper. 2°. A composition which may be called "tannic
soap," produced by washing the woods with soda to free them from
resins and tannic coloring matters insoluble in water, and to purify them
sufficiently for use as pulp for paper. This is a complex composition,
but possessing particular qualities, which make it a new product.
3°. The production of "lacs" with the coloring matters dissolved in the
soda; these lacs are easy to produce, and owing to their low price may
be used in paints.
1º. Cellulose. The first conditions required to make the wood suitable
for converting into pure cellulose are, 1°, the division, 2°, the separation
of the woody matter or inconstant part of the cellular tissue. These
two operations are nearly completely effected in the manufacture of the
extract, for, if after cutting only one washing with water the greater
part of the incrustaled matter has dissapeared and the matters which
remain are not abundant, and an easy wash with soda or other alcalis
suffices to obtain the pure cellulose. We therefore realize by uscing the
dye woods previously purified and freed from the coloring matter, in
order to make cellulose, a very great economy, as we have woods without
value already cut and thoroughly washed. However, it may be, the
woods freed from the coloring matter to be definitely transformed
into pulp should be washed in soda, for 5 a 15° B. This wash dissolves
and seizes the resins of the tannins of the lineeous parts which incrust
the cellulose. After this washing the cellulose is pure, it suffices to
pass it through rollers or under mills to crush it, and then to finish
& wash it in a common paper washer. If after this washing there
should any soda still remaining in the matter this basis is neutralized

page_text: by means of an acid in a last wash. It is lastly bleached in any way
thought suitable.
2º. Savonule.--The lessive of soda, &c. which has been used for
washing the wood constitutes a new product, which I call "savonule
tannique" (tannic soap); it possesses the following properties:-First,
by evaporation and reduction to ashes it restitutes the greater part of
the soda employed and may thus indefinitely serve for the treatment of
the cellulose and the reduction to ashes in closed jars creates gasiferous
products adapted for lighting and heating. If, on the contrary, I utilize
it as a chemical product without any other preparation than bringing
it from 10 to 20° B. according to requirements, it may, 1°, serve in dyeing
as a mordant for vegetable or animal textile fabrics and advantageously
replace the extract of chestnut, the solution of tannin, gall, sumac, gall
nuts, and, in a word, all the tannin productions employed in dyeing;
2°, in the dyeing of wool and cotton its chief advantages will be to allow
of both being dyed simultaneously, and thus conceal in woollen tissues
the vegetable organic matter which they may contain; 3°, the savonule
may also be employed as anticalcareous to prevent the incrustation
of steam boilers; 4°, in short, savonule may be used as a medium
of tanning all sorts of leather. It combines with gelatine or animal
cellulose and forms an insoluble and imputrescent composition.
*
3°. Lacs. The savonule treated with the different salts of tin,
aluminium, and all those with a metallic oxide basis will produce "lacs"
which may be used in painting.
From the foregoing statement it results that I have created from one
source a complicated industry quite new, giving new productions and
presenting incontestible advantages on all the methods employed up
to this day, and having for its object the production of cellulose in
order to make pulp for paper mills and other purposes.
The consequent advantages of this manufacture are, 1°, suppression
of wood cutting; 2°, simplification of washing by alcalis, the incrus-
tating matter being carried off in a great measure by the first fabrication
foreign to the preparation of the cellulose; 3°, by the utilization of the
lessive, either in reviving the soda or by using it as a tannic tinctorial
production. In short, it is incontestable that I have created a serie of
products unknown up to the present day, derived from dyeing woods

page_text: previously deprived of their coloring matter, a novelty of the first
importance in this industry.
Consequently I claim for the period of fourteen years the exclusive
property and ownership of the said methods above specified, having for
object,―
1°. Its use and application in the manufacture of pulp for paper
mills, dyeing woods from which the dyeing matter has been extracted.
2º. Its application for reviving by the reduction to ashes of the
alcaline lessives having served in the treatment of impure cellulose,
whatever may be the matter which supplies the cellulose.
3º. The production and application of the product called "tannic
soap," of wood resulting from the direct action of caustic, sodiac, potass,
or alcaline lessives, of whatever nature soever, on the new or exhausted
woods to extract the tinctorial matters having for result a product,
1º, replacing in dyeing establishments the extract of chestnut, and the
following solutions, viz., tannic, gallic, sumac, gall nuts, dividi, blaba,
& all tannin products known up to the present day and employed in
dyeing; 2°, having for chief advantage in the dyeing of woollen and
cotton goods to dye simultaneously the two matters, and thus conceal
in the woollen tissues the vegetable organic matters they may contain;
3º, that it may be used as anti-calcareous to prevent the incrustation of
steam engines boilers; 4°, it may also be employed for tanning all sorts
of leather.
.5°. The production and application of "lacs" resulting from the
direct action of salts with a basis of metallic oxide with the "savonule

page_text: year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the
thirty-fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Jean Henri Chaudet, Her special
licence that I, the said Jean Henri Chaudet, exccutors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Jean Henri Chaudet,
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW
METHOD OF OBTAINING CELLULOSE, SAVONULE, AND LACS FROM THE CHEMICAL
TREATMENT OF DYE WOODS FROM WHICH THE COLOURING MATTER HAS BEEN Ex-
TRACTED," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Jean Henri
Chaudet, executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jean Henri Chaudet, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :—
In order to obtain the coloring matter from dye woods it suffices to
reduce the woods to coarse powder or sawdust, to treat this powder with
water, and to evaporate the coloring matter, being soluble and transport-
able, by the dissolving medium, separating it easily from the cellular tissue
of the wood, which remains free; and thus is obtained with the sought
for product (the coloring matter), a residue containing an abundance of
fibrine or cellulose still impregnated with a small quantity of dyeing
matter in a soluble state, and of resins and matters insolubles in waters.
Up to the present time these residues have been used as fuel in manu-
factories, even where they prepare dyewoods. I think that properly
treated these residues may be very advantageously utilized in industrial.
establishments, and really I have ascertained that the following products
may be obtained from it:-1°. Cellulose pure, which may be used as paste
or pulp for paper. 2°. A composition which may be called "savonule"
or (tannac soap), produced by washing the woods with soda to free them

page_text: from resins and tannac coloring matters insoluble in water, and to purify
them sufficiently for use as pulp for paper. This is a complex composi-
tion, but possessing particular qualities, which make it a new product.
3. The production of "lacs" with the coloring matters dissolved in
the soda; these lacs are easy to produce, and owing to their low price
may be used with advantage in paints.
Cellulose. The first conditions required to make the woods suitable
for converting into pure cellulose, are, 1° the division, 2°, the separation
of the woody matter or inconstant part of the cellular tissue. These
two operations are nearly completely effected in the manufacture
of the extract; for, if after cutting, only one washing with water,
the greater part of the incrustaled matter has dissapeared, and the
matters which remain are not abundant, and an easy wash with soda
or other alkalis suffices to obtain the pure cellulose. I therefore
realize, by useing the dye woods previously purified and freed from the
coloring matter, in order to make cellulose, a very great economy,
as I have woods without value already cut and thoroughly washed.
However it may be, the woods, freed from the coloring matter, to
be definitely transformed into pulp, should be washed in soda,
5°@ 15° B. This wash dissolves and seizes the resins of the
8° 5°
tannins of the ligneous parts which incrust the cellulose. After this
washing the cellulose is pure, it suffices to pass it through rollers or
under mills to crush it, and then to finish and wash it in a common
paper washer.
If after this washing there should any soda still
remaining in the matter, this basis is neutralized by means of an
acid in a last wash. It is lastly bleached in any way thought suitable.
Savonule. The lessive of soda which has been used for washing
the woods constitutes a new product, which I call "savonule" or
(tannac soap). It possesses the following properties :-First, by evapo-
ration and reduction to ashes it restitutes the greater part of the soda
employed, and may thus indefinitely serve for the treatment of the cellu-
lose, and the reduction to ashes in closed jars creates gasiferous products
adapted for lighting and heating. If, on the contrary, I utilize it as a
chemical product without any other preparation than bringing it from
10° to 20° B., according to requirements, it may serve in dyeing as a
mordant for vegetable or animal textile fabrics, and advantageously
replace the extract of chestnut, the solution of tannin gall, sumac,

page_text: gall nuts, and, in a word, all the tannin productions employed in dyeing.
In the dyeing of wool and cotton its chief advantage will be to allow
of both being dyed simultaneously, and thus conceal in woollen tissues
the vegetable organic matter which they may contain. The savonule
may also be employed as anti-calcareous to prevent the incrustation
of steam boilers. In short, savonule may be used as a medium of
tanning all sorts of leather. It combines with gelatine or animal
cellulose, and forms an insoluble and imputrescent composition. The
savonule from woods without color (else than dyewoods) possesses the
same properties and is very advantageous in tanning, for it does not give
any color.
It will also replace the sumac, dividi, blaba, .
employed for the same use, and it will act quicker than all these matters.
The lessive of soda dissolves quicker the incrusting matter under pressure
than in the free air.
Lacs. The savonule treated with the different salts of tin, aluminium,
and all those with a metallic oxid basis will produced "lacs," which may
be used in painting. These lacs are variously coloured according to the
nature of the woods which produce the savonule and the metallic salt
employed.
From the foregoing statement it results that the consequent advantages
of this manufacture are, 1º, suppression of wood cutting; 2°, simplifica-
tion of washing by alkalis, the incrustating matter being carried off in
a great measure by the first fabrication foreign to the preparation of
cellulose; 3°, by the utilization of the lessive, either in reviving the
soda or by useing it as a tannac tinctorial production.
Consequently I claim for the period of fourteen years the exclusive
property and ownership of the said methods above specified, and having
for object,-
1°. Its use and application in the manufacture of pulp for paper mills,
dyeing woods from which the coloring matter has been extracted.
2°. Its application for reviving by the reduction to ashes of the alkaline
lessives, having served in the treatment of impure cellulose, whatever
may be the matter which supplies the cellulose.
3°. The production and application of the product called "savonule"
of wood resulting from the direct action of caustic, sodiac, potash, or
alcaline lessives, of whatever nature soever, on the new or exhausted
woods, to extract the tinctorial matters, having for result a product, 1°,
replacing in dyeing establishments the extract of chestnut and the

page_text: following solutions, viz., tannac, gallic, sumac, gall nuts, dividivi, blaba,
and all tannin products known up to the present day and employed in
dyeing; 2°, having for chief advantage, in the dyeing of the woollen and
cotton goods, to die simultaneously the two matters, and thus conceal in
the woollen tissues the vegetable organic matters they may contain; 3º,
that it may be used as anti-calcareous to prevent the incrustation of
steam engines boilers; 4°, it may also be employed for tanning all sorts
of leather.
4°. The application of all savonules, resulting not only from dycwoods
but from all other woods containing cellulose for pulp for paper.
5°. The production and application of lacs resulting from the direct
action of salts, with a basis of metallic oxid with savonule.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jean Henri Chaudet, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eighth day of April, in the year of
our Lord 18 seventy-two.