Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Sept., 1887
Complete Specification Left, 17th July, 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 14th Sept., 1888
I, GEORGE FREDERICK DEACON, of Llanwyddyn, Llanfyllin, Montgomeryshire,
Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my said invention to be as follows:-
In my former Inventions, Patents Nos. 937/73 4264/73 50/75 105/79 7679/86 and
application for Patent No. 5181/87 which for brevity I term differentiating meters,
apparatus are described by which the voluine of flow at each instant is recorded
graphically.
In the form most commonly used the liquid is caused to pass through a tapered
pipe having within it a disc exactly fitting the smaller end thereof, but capable of
motion along the axis of the disc into other positions. The disc is caused by a
constant weight to tend to maintain its position at the small end of the tapered pipe
and thus to close the waterway. When however water is caused to flow from the
direction of the smaller towards that of the larger end, the disc is displaced and comes
to rest in the position at which the annular space now left between it and the tapered
pipe is such that the pressure upon the disc due to the velocity of the water exactly
balances the constant weight. For every velocity of flow there is therefore one
position and one only at which the disc is balanced, and at which it comes to rest.
The disc is connected with a marker which travels in the plane of motion of the
disc and traverses a paper actuated by clockwork having uniform motion in a direction
at right angles thereto. The paper is ruled with time lines parallel with the line of:
motion of the marker, and with volume lines at right angles thereto; and in virtue
of the motion of the marker and of that of the paper, the marker describes upon the
paper a line which is a permanent record of the volume which at any instant has
passed through the meter. The correct positions of the volume lines are determined
by trial for each size of meter.
In my former Invention Patent No. 8464 A.D. 1886 and in other instruments having
the same object a marker is actuated by a floater at the surface of the liquid, the level
of which it is desired to record continuously. As in the case of the differentiating
meters a paper moved by clockwork at right angles to the direction of the motion of
the marker is presented to the marker.

page_text: The paper is ruled with lines in the direction of its motion which represent on a
convenient scale the various heights to which the liquid may rise, and with time
lines parallel with the line of motion of the marker. In virtue of its motion and of
that of the paper, the marker describes upon the paper a continuous line which is a
permanent record of the height of the liquid at each past instant.
When the liquid is the water, or other liquid above a notch, or orifice gauge or when
it is the surface of a stream of permanent regime the equation of the relation between
the height of the liquid and the volume passing per unit of time, may be determined
and the horizontal lines upon the paper diagram instead of merely representing the
height of the liquid may represent also or other lines may be drawn to represent-
the actual volumes passing at the different position of the line drawn by the marker,
so that the volume of flow at each past instant may at any time be read off just as in
the case of the differentiating meters. In this case the water level recorder becomes
a low pressure meter and when applied to water may properly be termed a water
discharge recorder.
Both in the case of the differentiating meter and of the water discharge recorder it
is sometimes desirable that a process of mechanical integration should be added, or
should take the place of the differentiating arrangement.
The total volume passing
between any two observations may always be ascertained by summation from the
diagram, but a mechanical integrator will save the labour of computation and will in
some cases render the diagram unnecessary. If the increment of change of volume
were proportional to the distance traversed by the meter disc, or floater respectively in
consequence of that change if, for example, in the case of a notch gauge the volume Q
were proportional to the head H it would be only necessary to attach an integrating
wheel and counter in such a manner that the axis of the integrating wheel would be
moved in the prolongation of its own line by direct connectiyn with the meter disc, or
floater and that its edge should traverse radially the face of a time disc caused to
rotate uniformly by clockwork. If then the position of the integrating wheel were so
adjusted that when no water was passing its edge would touch the centre of the time
disc the wheel would have no motion notwithstanding the rotation of the time disc and no
discharge would be registered by the counter. When the liquid flowed the integrating
wheel would be moved along a radius of the time dise to a distance proportional to
the discharge of water and with any ordinary and properly adjusted counting
train of wheels and dials, or wheels and screws, or dials, or differential wheels and a
single dial the actual volume passed between any two observations might be correctly
registered. But with this simple form of integrator correct records of the flow of
liquids cannot be obtained, because, as a matter of fact, the increments of change
in the positions of the disc of the meter, or floater of the water discharge recorder
for equal increments of change of velocity are not equal, so that if for example the
integrating wheel and counter were correctly adjusted to the flow at a distance of one
inch from the centre of the time disc, and were then moved to a distance of two
inches therefrom the register would be twice as much (the velocity of the touching
point being proportional to the distance from the centre of the time disc) though the
actual quantity passing would not be twice as much.
To obviate this error is the object of my present Invention, which in all its forms
complies with the condition that the angular rotation imparted by the time diss, or
its equivalent to the integrating wheel, or sphere shall be proportional to the rate of
discharge of the liquid.
To this end the first part of my Invention is as follows:-The edge of the
integrating wheel may touch either the face of the disc, or the edge thereof. The
integrating wheel is so arranged as to be capable of revolving about its own axis (by
which the counter is actuated) about that diameter which for the time being is normal
with the touching surface of the time disc. For the purpose of permitting the latter
motion the axis of the integrating wheel may be mounted upon the two prongs of a
fork, the handle of which constitutes an axle capable of rotation in fixed bearings and.
the direction of which is a prolongation of the diameter of the integrating wheel,
normal to the touching surface of the time disc. For the sake of brevity I call this

page_text: the fork axle and when it is so held that the plane of the integrating disc is at right
angles with the direction of motion at the point of contact it obviously receives no
rotation therefrom. This then is the zero position for the integrating wheel and fork
axle. If now the fork axle is turned in its bearings through an angle of 90° the
edge of the integrating wheel will travel at the same rate as the point of contact of
the disc and the counter will register the highest volume of flow capable of being
measured by the instrument. At any angle intermediate between the zero position
and 90° the component of the velocity of the time dise imparted to the integrating
wheel will be proportional to the cosine of the angle between the plane of the
integrating wheel and the direction of motion of the disc at the point of contact.
Upon the fork axle I fix a pulley, or cam, or spiral form and I cause this pulley to
reciprocate from the zero position of the integrating wheel and fork axle through an
angle not exceeding 90° by means of a wire band, or other mechanical connection
between the pulley and the disc of the meter, or floater of the discharge recorder. I
so proportion the radii of the spiral that the cosine of the angle between the plane of
the integrating wheel and the direction of motion of the time disc at its point of
contact therewith, divided by the leverage with respect to the fork axle of the wire, or
band, or other connection, will be proportional to the volume of discharge when the
disc, or floater stands at the position necessary to bring the integrating wheel to
that angle. If this condition is complied with and if a suitable counter is provided
the correct volume of flow between any two observations will be registered.
In this arrangement there is some sliding friction between the integrating wheel
and the disc which in the case described is wholly overcome by the clockwork.
If
By the second part of my Invention I so arrange the parts that there shall be no
sliding friction. Instead of carrying the integrating wheel as described in such a
manner that the prolongation of the fork axle passes through that diameter of the
wheel for the time being normal with the touching surface of the time disc, I place
the handle of the fork parallel, or nearly so with the face of the time disc and I pivot
the handle of the fork furthest from the integrating wheel in the plane of the disc
and at right angles therewith. If then the integrating wheel is placed with its side
touching the centre of the time disc and if the fork handle is in a plane at right
angles with the time disc and passing through its centre the integrating wheel will
obviously receive no motion from the time disc. This is its zero condition.
now the pivotted end of the fork handle be displaced to any given distance in a
direction parallel with the radius of the time disc at right angles with the position of
the axis of the integrating wheel when in its zero position the revolution of the time
disc (which must be in such a direction as to tend to drag the integrating wheel from
the pivotted end of the fork handle) will cause the integrating wheel, without sliding
to move sideways until it reaches a position at the same distance from the centre of
the time disc as that through which the pivotted end of the fork axle has been dis-
placed. In any such new position the angular rotation of the integrating wheel and
of the counter connected with it will be directly proportional to the distance of that
wheel from the centre of the time disc. If then the displacement of the pivotted end
from the zero position is, by any of the well known arrangements such as spiral, or
cam like wheels caused to be directly proportional to the discharge of the fluid the
velocity of angular rotation of the integrating wheel will also be directly propor-
tional thereto and the counter may be adjusted to register the volume passing. In
order to avoid the error arising from the velocity of the time disc near its centre
being slow in relation to the motion of displacement of the pivotted end of the fork.-
which relative slowness causes the integrating wheel to reach its point of equilibrium
a sensible time after the displacement pivotted end of the fork has taken place-I
sometimes adopt as the zero position of the integrating wheel any convenient point in
the radius of the time disc other than the centre thereof, so that the integrating wheel
is always in motion. From the total volume counted there must then always be
substracted the volume which would have been counted by the mechanism if never
displaced from the new zero position. As this is a direct function of the time, it is
sufficient to multiply the units of time between any two observations by. the known

page_text: constant volume recorded in a unit of time when the integrating disc is in its zero
position and to deduct that volume from the total registered volume. In order to
avoid the necessity for this calculation I sometimes attach to the time keeper a second
counter so adjusted as to count the uniform volume which would be counted by the
volume counter if always at zero. Thus by substracting one register from the other
I obtain the true volume.
In the two hydraulic apparatus hitherto described a clock, or time keeper is
necessary to obtain the time integral but there are some forms of hydraulic measuring
apparatus in which this is not necessary.
Thus a ships log on the fan principle, or its engineering equivalent, the hydraulic
current meter, or an undershot water wheel, may be caused to register on a dial the
volume discharged and if the sectional area of the stream is constant no further
apparatus is required for the purpose, but if the level and sectional area of the stream
vary it is necessary to multiply the sectional area of the stream at any instant by
the main velocity at the same instant in order to obtain the mean velocity of flow at
that instant and the summation of all the different volumes per unit of time will
give the total volume within any given time limits. Mechanical integration will
effect the same end, and the third part of my Invention relates to the employment for
this purpose of the integrators of the kind I have just described in which the angular
rotation imparted by the time disc, or its equivalent through the integrating wheel,
or sphere to the counter shall be proportional to the rate of discharge of the liquid.
In the case of such hydraulic apparatus as those last referred to, the equivalent of the
time disc is a disc, or its equivalent caused to revolve by the fan, or wheel so that its
velocity of angular rotation is proportional to the velocity of the water. The inte-
grating disc is actuated in such al manner that the cosine of its angle of
inclination divided by the leverage with respect to the fork axis of the wire, band,.
or other connection, between it and a floater upon the surface of the water, or other
fluid is proportional to the sectional area of the stream. If the rotation of the disc
were constant as with a time disc-the counter attached to the integrating wheel
would if properly adjusted register the mean volume of the stream between any two
time limits, but as the disc rotates in proportion to the velocity of the water the
integrating wheel is accelerated, or retarded thereby in proportion to that velocity.
Obviously therefore the angular velocity of the integrating wheel at any moment will.
be proportional to the sectional area of the waterway multiplied by the velocity of the
current, in other words to the volume of discharge, which with a properly adjusted
counter may be registered between any two time limits.
In order to avoid interference with the flow of water and the creation of eddies
and tendency to deposit solid inatter at and about the water wheel of the integrator
above referred to-more especially when that integrator is used for registering the
discharge of sewage-I' arrange to raise and lower the water wheel with the water
and thus to maintain the circle passing through its float at a constant depth in that
part of the stream near its centre which bears a known ratio to the mean discharge,
by placing the supporting floaters either out of the main current, or in the main
current at a point lower down the stream. The water wheel which is very light, may
be made upon the bicycle tension-spoke principle, is supported in a vertical line near
one end of a light and nearly horizontal franie resting towards its other end upon
fixed bearings above the stream. Beyond the bearings again the frame and wheel are
counterbalanced by a weight. Between the fixed bearing and the vessel I attach to
the frame a downward support carried by a floater in the stream. If in the arrange-
ment thus described the wheel rested directly upon the main frame it would rise and
fall to a greater extent than the water and floater. To obviate this I employ a secondary
frame so placed in a nearly horizontal position that one end rests upon the end of the
main frame furthest from the fixed bearing thereof and that the other end rests upon
fixed bearings. There must be some point in this secondary frame which rises and
falls at exactly the same rate as the water and floater and in the vertical line of this
point I fix the wheel. In this arrangement the wheel may be caused to drive the
equivalent of the time.disc and the rise and fall of the frame may be made to turn the

page_text: integrating wheel about one of its diameters in the manner described in the first part
of my Invention, or to displace the integrating wheel in the manner described in the
second part of my Invention in such manner in both cases that the disc imparts to the
integrating wheel angular rotation proportional to the velocity of its own angular
rotation multiplied by the sectional area of the water way at the same instant; in
other words, proportional to the volume per unit of time passing at that instant.
In any of the arrangements described, or in their many modifications the time
disc may be driven by an ordinary clock governed by a balance wheel a pendulum, or
any of the known forms of regulators. The clock may be wound by hand and driven
by a weight, or spring. In some cases, however I drive it, or wind it by the flow, or
the pressure of the water. Thus a small turbine may be placed in a closed pipe, or a
water wheel in an open channel either of which may by suitable mechanism be caused
to lift the weight, or otherwise to wind the clock; or by the expenditure of a very
small quantity of water the internal pressure in a pipe may be employed for the same
purpose either continuously, or intermittently.
Having described three modes of carrying out my Invention of apparatus for
integrating the flow of liquids, I wish it to be understood that I do not confine
myself to those arrangements which are only types of many varieties of combinations
of integrating wheels and discs, or discs and spheres which are applicable under the
conditions described to the integration of the volume discharged through differenti-
ating meters, or like apparatus, or past water level gauges, or recorders, or through
sewers, or other streams for the measurement of the velocity of which current meters,
or water wheels may be used.
I have described under the several parts of my Invention apparatus some details of
which are already known, but all of which in conjunction with the other apparatus
described constitute new and useful combinations for the purpose set forth.
For the facility of description the several parts of the Invention have been separated,
but they have one common principle as above described, namely obtaining the volume
integral instead of a differential diagram, or merely the velocity integral.
Dated this 16th day of Santamber 1887

page_text: s
Apparatus or integrating the Flow of Liquids.
I, GEORGE FREDERICK DEACON, of Llanwyddyn, Llanfyllin, Montgomeryshire, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
In my former Inventions, Patents No. 937/73, 4264/73, 50/75, 105/79, 7679/86
and No. 5181/87 which for brevity I term differentiating meters, apparatus aro
described by which the volume of flow at each instant is recorded graphically.
In the form most commonly used the liquid is caused to pass through a tapered pipe
having within it a disc exactly fitting the smaller end thereof, but capable of motion
along the axis of the disc into other positions. The disc is caused by a constant
weight to tend to maintain its position at the small end of the tapered pipe and thus
to close the waterway. When, however, water is caused to flow from the direction of
the smaller towards that of the larger end, the disc is displaced and comes to rest in
the position at which the annular space now left between it and the tapered pipe is
such that the pressure upon the disc due to the velocity of the water exactly balances
the constant weight. For every velocity of flow there is therefore one position and
one only at which the disc is balanced, and at which it comes to rest.
The disc is connected with a marker which travels in the plane of motion of the
disc, and traverses a paper actuated by clockwork having uniform motion in a direction
at right angles thereto. The paper is ruled with time lines, parallel with the line of
motion of the marker, and with volume lines at right angles thereto; and in virtue of
the motion of the marker and of that of the paper, the marker describes upon the
paper a line which is a permanent record of the volume, which at any instant has
passed through the meter. The correct positions of the volume lines are determined
by trial for cach size of meter.
In my former invention Patent No. 8464 A.D. 1886, and in other instruments
having the same object, a marker is actuated by a floater at the surface of the liquid,
the level of which it is desired to record continuously. As in the case of the
differentiating meters, a paper moved by clockwork at right angles to the direction of
the motion of the marker is presented to the marker.
The paper is ruled with lines in the direction of its motion which represent on a
convenient scale the various heights to which the liquid may rise, and with time lines
parallel with the line of motion of the marker. In virtue of its motion and of that of
the paper, the marker describes upon the paper a continuous line, which is a perma-
nent record of the height of the liquid at each past instant.
When the liquid is the water or other liquid above a notch or orifice gauge, or when
it is the surface of a stream of permanent regime, the equation of the relation
between the height of the liquid and the volume passing per unit of time may be
determined, and the horizontal lines upon the paper diagram instead of merely
representing the height of the liquid may represent also-or other lines may be drawn

page_text: to represent the actual volumes passing at the different positions of the line drawn
by the marker, so that the volume of flow at each past instant may at any time be read
off just as in the case of the differentiating meters. In this case the water level
recorder becomes a low pressure meter and when applied to water may properly bo
termed a water discharge recorder.
Both in the case of the differentiating meter and of the water discharge recorder,
it is sometimes desirable that a process of mechanical integration should be added, or
should take the place of the differentiating arrangement. The total volume passing
between any two observations may always be ascertained by summation from the
diagram, but a mechanical integrator will save the labour of computation and will in
some cases render the diagram unnecessary. If the increment of change of volume
were proportional to the distance traversed by the meter disc or floater, respectively,
in consequence of that change, if for example in the case of a notch gauge the
ordinary volume were proportional to the head H, it would be only necessary to
attach an integrating wheel and counter in such a manner that the axis of the
integrating wheel would be moved on the prolongation of its own line by direct con-
nection with the meter disc or floater, and that its edge should traverse radially the
face of a time disc caused to rotate uniformally by clockwork.
If then the position
of the integrating wheel were so adjusted that when no water was passing its edge
would touch the centre of the time disc, the wheel would have no motion, notwith-
standing the rotation of the time disc. and no discharge would be registered by the
counter. When the liquid flowed the integrating wheel would be moved along a
radius of the time disc to a distance proportional to the discharge of water, and with
any ordinary and properly adjusted counting train of wheels and dials or wheels and
screws or dials or differentiating wheels and a single dial, the actual volume passed
between any two observations might be correctly registered.
But with this simple
form of integrator correct records of the flow of liquids cannot be obtained, because
as a matter of fact, the increments of change in the positions of the disc of the meter
or floater of the water discharge recorder for equal increments of change of velocity
are not equal, so that if for example the integrating wheel and the counter were
correctly adjusted to the flow at a distance of one inch from the centre of the timo
disc, and were then moved to a distance of two inches therefrom, the register would
be twice as much (the velocity of the touching point being proportional to the distance
from the centre of the time disc) though the actual quantity passing would not be
twice as much.
To obviate this error is the object of my present invention, which in all its forms
complies with the condition that the angular rotation imparted by the time disc or its
equivalent to the integrating wheel or sphere shall be proportional to the rate of dis-
charge of the liquid.
To this end the first part of my invention is as follows:-The edge of the
integrating wheel may touch either the face of the disc or the edge thereof. The
integrating wheel is so arranged as to be capable of revolving about its own axis (by
which the counter is actuated) and about that diameter which for the time being is
normal with the touching surface of the time disc. For the purpose of permitting
the latter motion the axis of the integrating wheel may be mounted upon the two
prongs of a fork, the handle of which constitutes an axle capable of rotation in fixed
bearings, and the direction of which is a prolongation of the diameter of the integrating
wheel, normal to the touching surface of the time disc. For the sake of brevity I
call this the fork axle, and when it is so held that the plane of the integrating disc is
at right angles with the direction of motion at the point of contact it obviously receives
no rotation therefrom. This then is the zero position for the integrating wheel and
fork axle. If now the fork axle is turned in its bearings through an angle of 90°
the edge of the integrating wheel will travel at the same rate as the point of contact
of the disc, and the counter will register the highest volume of flow capable of being
measured by the instrument. At any angle intermediate between the zero position
and 90° the component of the velocity of time disc imparted to the integrating wheel
will be proportional to the cosine of the angle between the plane of the integrating

page_text: wheel and the direction of motion of the disc at the point of contact. Upon the fork
axle I fix a pulley of cam or spiral form, and I cause this pulley to reciprocate from
the zero position of the integrating wheel and fork axle through an angle not exceeding
90° by means of a wire band or other mechanical connection between the pulley and
the disc of the meter or floater of the discharge recorder. I so proportion the radii
of the spiral that the cosine of the angle between the plane of the integrating wheel
and the direction of motion of the time disc, at its point of contact therewith, divided
by the leverage with respect to the fork axle of the wire or band, or other connection,
will be proportional to the volume of discharge, when the disc or floater stands at the
position necessary to bring the integrating wheel to that angle. If this condition is
complied with, and if a suitable counter is provided the correct volume of flow between
any two observations will be registered. In this arrangement there is some sliding
fricton between the integrating wheel and the disc, which in the case described is
wholly overcome by the clockwork.
By the second part of my invention 1 so arrange the parts that there shall be no
sliding friction. Instead of carrying the integrating wheel as described in such a
manner that the prolongation of the fork axle passes through that diameter of the
wheel for the time being normal with the touching surface of the time disc, I place
the handle of the fork parallel, or nearly so, with the face of the time disc, and I pivot
the handle of the fork furthest from the integrating wheel in the plane of the disc, and at
right angles therewith. If then the integrating wheel is placed with its edge touching the
centre of the time disc, and if the fork handle is in a planeat right angles with the time disc
and passing through its centre, the integrating wheel will obviously receive no motion
from the time disc. This is its zero condition. If now the pivoted end of the fork
handle be displaced to any given distance in a direction parallel with the radius of the
time disc at right angles with the position of the axis of the integrating wheel, when
in its zero position, the revolution of the time disc (which must be in such a direction
as to tend to drag the integrating wheel from the pivoted end of the fork handle) will
cause the integrating wheel, without sliding, to move sideways until it reaches a
position at the same distance from the centre of the time disc, as that through which
the pivoted end of the fork axle has been displaced. In any such new position the
angular rotation of the integrating wheel and of the counter connected with it, will
be directly proportional to the distance of that wheel from the centre of the time
disc. If then the displacement of the pivoted end from the zero position is, by any
of the well known arrangements such as spiral or cain like wheels caused to be directly
proportional to the discharge of the fluid, the velocity of angular rotation of the
integrating wheel will also be directly proportional thereto, and the counter may be
adjusted to register the volume passing. In order to avoid the error arising from the
velocity of the time disc near its centre being slow in relation to the motion of
displacement of the pivoted end of the fork, which relative slowness causes the.
integrating wheel to reach its point of equilibrium a sensible time after the displace-
ment of the pivoted end of the fork has taken place-I sometimes adopt as the zero
position of the integrating wheel any convenient point in the radius of the time disc
other than the centre thereof, so that the integrating wheel is always in motion. From
the total volume counted there must then always be subtracted the volume which
would have been counted by the mechanism, if ever displaced from the new zero position.
As this is a direct function of the time, it is sufficient to multiply the units of time
between any two observations by the known constant volume recorded in a unit of
time when the integrating disc is in its zero position, and to deduct that volume from
the total registered volume. In order to avoid the necessity for this calculation, I
sometimes attach to the time keeper a second counter so adjusted as to count the
uniform volume which would be counted by the volume counter if always at zero. By
subtracting one register from the other I obtain the true volume.
By the two hydraulic apparatus hitherto described a clock or time keeper is used to
obtain the time integral, but there are some forms of hydraulic measuring apparatus
in which this is not necessary.
Thus a ship's log on the fan principle or its engineering equivalent, the hydraulic

page_text: curront meter or an undershot water wheel may be caused to register on a dial the
volume discharged, and if the sectional area of the stream is constant no further
apparatus is required for the purpose, but if the level and sectional area of the stream
vary it is necessary to multiply the sectional area of the stream at any
instant by the mean velocity at the same instant, in order to obtain the mean
velocity of flow at that instant, and the summation of all the different volumes
per unit of time will give the total volume within any given time limits. Mechanical
integration will effect the same end, and the third part of my invention relates to the.
employment for this purpose of the integrators of the kind 1 have just described in
which the angular rotation imparted by the time disc, or its equivalent through the
integrating wheel, or sphere to the counter shall be proportional to the rate of
discharge of the liquid. In the case of such hydraulic apparatus as those last referred
to, the equivalent of the time disc is a disc or its equivalent caused to revolve by the
fan or wheel so that its velocity of angular rotation is proportional to the velocity of
the water. The integrating disc is actuated in such a manner that the cosine of its
angle of inclination divided by the leverage with respect to the fork axis of the wire
band or other connection, between it and a floater upon the surface of the water or
other fluid is proportional to the sectional area of the stream. If the rotation of the
disc were constant-as with a time disc-the counter attached to the integrating
wheel would, if properly adjusted, register the mean volume of the stream between.
any two time limits, but as the disce rotates in proportion to the velocity of the water
the integrating wheel is accelerated or retarded thereby in proportion to that velocity.
Obviously therefore the angular velocity of the integrating wheel at any moment will
be proportional to the sectional area of the waterway multiplied by the velocity of
the current, in other words, to the volume of discharge, which with a properly adjusted
counter, may be registered between any two time limits.
In order to avoid interference with the flow of water and the creation of eddies and
tendency to deposit solid matter at and about the water wheel of the integrator above
referred to more especially when that integrator is used for registering the
discharge of sewage-I arrange to raise and lower the water wheel with the water,
and thus to maintain the circle passing through its float at a constant depth in that
part of the stream near its centre which bears a known ratio to the mean discharge,.
by placing the supporting floaters either out of the main current or in the main
current at a point lower down the stream. The water wheel which is very light and
may be made upon the bicycle tension spoke principle, is supported in a vertical line
near one end of a light and nearly horizontal frame resting towards its other end
upon fixed bearings above the stream. Beyond the bearings again, the frame and the
wheel are counterbalanced by a weight. Between the fixed bearing and the vessel I
attach to the frame a downward support carried by a floater in the stream. If in
the arrangement thus described the wheel rested directly upon the main frame, it
would rise and fall to a greater extent than the water and the floater. To obviate this
I employ a secondary frame so placed in a nearly horizontal position that one end rests
upon the end of the main frame furthest from the fixed bearing thereof, and that the
other end rests upon fixed bearings. There must be some point in this secondary
frame which rises and falls at exactly the same rate as the water and floater, and in
the vertical line of this point I fix the wheel. In this arrangement the wheel may
be caused to drive the equivalent of the time disc, and the rise and fall of the frame
may be made to turn the integrating wheel about one of its diameters in the manner
described in the first part of my invention, or to displace the integrating wheel in the
manner described in the second part of my invention, in such a manner in both cases
that the disc imparts to the integrating wheel angular rotation proportional to the
velocity of its own angular rotation multiplied by the sectional area of the water way
at the same instant, in other words, proportional to the volume per unit of time
passing at that instant.
In any of the arrangements described, or in their many modifications the time disc
may be driven by an ordinary clock governed by a balance wheel, a pendulum or

page_text: any of the known forms of regulators. The clock may be wound by hand and driven
by a weight or spring. In some cases, however, I drive it or wind it by the flow
or the pressure of the water. Thus a small turbine may be placed in a closed pipe,
or a water wheel in an open channel either of which may by suitable mechanism be
caused to lift the weight, or otherwise to wind the clock; or by the expenditure of a
very small quantity of water the internal pressure in a pipe may be employed for the
same purpose either continuously or intermittently.
Having described three modes of carrying out my invention of apparatus for
integrating the flow of liquids, I wish it to be understood that I do not confine
myself to those arrangements which are only types of many varieties of combina-
tions of integrating wheels and discs, or discs and spheres which are applicable under
the conditions described to the integration of the volume discharged through
differentiating meters, or like apparatus or past water level gauges, or recorders, or
through sewers or other streams for the measurement of the velocity of which
current meters or water wheels may be used.
I have described under the several parts of my invention apparatus some details of
which are already known, but all of which in conjunction with the other apparatus
described constitute new and useful combinations for the purpose set forth.
For facility of description the several parts of the invention have been separated,
but they have one common principle as above described, namely obtaining the volume
integral instead of a differential diagram or merely the velocity integral.
Illustrations of examples of apparatus embodying my invention are given in the
accompanying drawings in which
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of an integrating device, constructed and operating
according to the first part of my invention hereinbefore described, and
Figure 2 is a plan of the same.
With reference, in the first instance to these Figures, K designates the disc which
may be actuated by a clock, or paddle wheel, or equivalent as herein before described
and on whose edge the integrating wheel bears and works, and e is the fork
which carries the integrating wheel L, its handle or stem being mounted in the
holder. The integrating wheel is kept up to the surface of the disc by a spring
which bears against the end of the fork stem as shewn. The holder e' is mounted in
bearings and on it the counter M is supported. The counter M is of the ordinary
type, having a train of wheels, dials, and pointers indicating hundreds, thousands, tens
of thousands of gallons and so on, or in any required terms. o is the cam which is
fixed on the holder e¹ of the integrating fork and receives motion from the meter disc,
floater or its equivalent through any intermediate gearing. In the example given in
this figure a pulley i is employed and receives movement either directly or indirectly
from the meter disc, floater or equivalent and transmits such motion to the cam o by
means of the cord 1. Thus the fall of the floater, meter, disc or their equivalent as the
case may be, is imparted to the cam and integrating wheel through the pulley and cord.
Besides the equatorial motion of the integrating wheel upon its axis it is also free to
rotate with the fork axle e in such a manner that the relative inclinations of the planes
of the integrating wheel L and disc K may be varied. When in the relative positions
in Figure 1, that is, at right angles, it is obvious that the periphery of the integrating
wheel L will have the same velocity as that of the rim of the disc K, and that the
velocity of rotation of the integrating wheel will therefore be a maximum. If how
ever, the stem e were caused to be rotated through an angle of 90°, so as to make
the planes of equatorial rotation at right angles with each other, it is equally obvious
that the disc K could impart.no motion to the integrating wheel L. Between these
two extreme positions the plane of the integrating wheel L may be inclined to that of
the time disc K at any required angle by turning the fork axle, and the ratio between
the velocity of the peripheries of the integrating wheel L, and the disc K will
always be the same as the ratio between the base and the hypothenuse of the angle of
the inclination of the two planes, or in other words, the same as the cosine of the angle
of inclination,

page_text: Figure 2 A illustrates diagramatically a means by which while the cam or spiral or
equivalent moves through 360°, the fork axis and the integrating wheel move
through 90° only.
In this case 13 indicates the cord, or wire or its equivalent, connecting for example
the disc of a meter in which the said disc rises as the velocity of the water past it.
increases. 16 is the pulley over which the disc cord works, and it is so proportioned
as to make not more than one complete revolution for one complete stroke of the meter
disc, and of the disc cord or wire, by which they are connected. 7 is the band
connecting the periphery of the cam or spiral o with the periphery of the integrator
pulley, the axle of which is the above described fork axle of the integrating wheel
shewn in Figures 1 and 2. When the disc of the meter is at zero, that is, at the
bottom of its stroke and no water is passing the meter, the pulley 16 is so turned that
the band is tangential to the point o¹ of least radius of the spiral o, and the integrator
pulley is so turned, that the plane of the integrating wheel L is at right angles
with the plane of the disc K. For any other position the cam is so designed that the
cosine of the angle of inclination of the planes of the integrating wheel and dise
divided by the leverage of the band with respect to the centre of rotation of the cam
is proportional to the volume of discharge of the meter at the same time-if the cam o
were upon the fork axle, instead of upon the axle of the meter pulley-the cosine of
the axle would obviously be divided instead of being multiplied by the loverage of the
band with respect to the centre of rotation of the cam.
If these conditions are complied with, the velocity of rotation of the integrating
wheel derived from that of the time disc, will always be proportional to the velocity
of discharge through the meter, and the number of revolutions between any two
observations will consequently be proportional to the total discharge in the same
interval. The proportional numbers would be converted into absolute quantities,
by any ordinary counting mechanism, such as that set forth with reference to Figures 1
and 2.
A mode in which the cam, or spiral may be combined with a well known form of
mechanical integrator is illustrated in Figures 3, 4 and 4 A. I will now describe this
arrangement in conjunction with the mechanism illustrated in Figures 5, 6 and 7, in
which a floater and a paddle wheel are employed to actuate respectively the cam and
the disc K. In Figures 5, 6 and 7, A is a sewer or other water way, B are two
floaters, B are wells in which the floats are contained and work, and Ď is a beam to
which the floaters B are connected by rods b, and to which the paddle wheel C¹ and
integrating mechanism C are also attached. B2 is a pipe forming communication
between the sewer A and the floater wells B'. care hollow rods which support
the paddle wheel C, and in one of which a rod (designated e' in Figure 3, works and
conveys motion from the spindle of the paddle wheel C' by bevel wheels in any known
way to the integrating mechanism. are cords or chains, which are secured to the
end of the rods & and pass over a pulley (see Figure 6) mounted above the apparatus
and to which counter balance weights are attached. The paddle wheel has
attached to its rim the paddle blades c which enter into the liquid as shewn. As
the level of the liquid rises in the sewer A the wells B₁ fill through the pipe B²,
and with the filling of these wells, the floaters B rise and lift the whole apparatus.
It is to be observed that the greater part of the weight of the apparatus is balanced
by the counter balance weights ³, and consequently that the work to be performed by
the floaters need only be small.
In this case the integrating wheel I. and counter M are arranged to rise and
fall instead of revolve with a forked axis, and the plane of the integrating wheel
touches the face of the disc K in such a manner that the direction of motion of
the disc K is in the plane of the integrating disc. The disc K as will be seen
by the drawings, is operated from the bevel pinion e³ which gears with the teeth
provided upon the edge of the disc K. The counter and integrating wheels are
suspended upon a bar I, which is fixed in a carriage J. This carriage is supported
by a roller which bears upon the edge of the cam o, and is guided in its move-
ments by the guide bars b. The cam in this example has a movement of 270°

page_text: about its axis. In the position shewn in the Figures the integrating wheel is in
its zero position, namely at the centre of the disc, and will evidently receive no
movement therefrom. When the cam has revolved through 270° from its zero
position the integrating wheel will have been raised to its maximum height and
distance from the centre of the disc K, and in this position will receive its
maximum velocity of rotation in relation to that of the disc K. This movement
is obtained as follows To any suitable support above the apparatus is fixed a
threaded or screwed rod having a long pitch of thread. This rod passes through
the boss of a bevel pinion . supported by a bracket upon the beam D. By
this means when the beam D rises or falls the pinion will be caused to rotate.
movement so obtained is imparted to a larger bevel wheel mounted upon a spindle
supported by the bracket 3. On the opposite end of this spindle the cam o is fixed
and is operated as described.
The
The apparatus shewn in figures 8, 9 and 10 illustrates the particular mode of
mounting the water wheel above described as set forth in my provisional specification
of this invention, namely, the wheel C is mounted upon levers 7, one end of each of
which is mounted on a knife edge carried by a lever 2 at 3, whilst the opposite end is
secured to a lever 4, which is incapable of vertical motion, but free to oscillate laterally.
The fulcrum of the levers 2 is at 5, and the floater B is connected to them at 6. The
upright 7 by which the floater and levers 2 are connected, is carried above the latter
and provided with a parallel motion rod 8. 9 is a counter balance weight.
The integrating mechanism which may be of the type illustrated in Figures 1 and 2,
or 3, 4 and 4 A may be connected to one of the levers l, and operated by the screwed
rodas set forth with reference to these Figures.
That part of my invention in which there is no sliding friction of the disc and
integrating wheel, is illustrated diagramatically in Figures 11 and 12 in clevation
and plan respectively. The handle of the fork supporting the integrating wheel is
placed parallel with the face of the disc K, and pivoted at Q, the edge of the wheel
resting upon the surface of the disc.
In the position of the integrating wheel shewn in the drawings, that is at the centre
of the disc K it will receive no motion from the disc, and this is consequently its zero
position. If now the pivoted end of the fork handle e be displaced by a floater, meter
disc, or their equivalent in the manner hereinbefore described, for example to the
peint, the revolution of the time disc K (which is in the direction of the arrow) will
cause the integrating wheel to move sideways until it reaches a position at the
same distance from the centre of the disc as that through which the pivoted end
of the fork axle has been displaced. In any such new positions the angular rotation
of the integrating wheel, and of the counter M connected with it will be directly
proportional to the distance of that wheel from the centre of the time disc.
In cases in which the ratio between the increments of motion of the meter disc,
or floater, and the corresponding volumes are very variable, it is sometimes difficult
by means of a single eam to obtain a sufficiently variable velocity ratio. In such a
case I may use two cams connected by a band in such a manner that the instantaneous
radius of one diminishes, while that of the other increases. Two such cams o and
band are shewn in Figure 13.
As one extreme form of a cam is a circle and another a straight line, I may produce
any required ratios by devices of the kind described, of which the following is an
extreme case.
With reference to Figure 14; 11-12 is a straight lever connected by a band 12-13
passing over a pulley 14, and connected with a meter disc or floater. 11-15 is the
zero position and the equation in this case between the velocity of the band and the
velocity of rotation of the axis 11 is such, that while at and near the zero position
the rotation of the axis 11 must be very rapid in relation to the velocity of the band.
When the position 11-12 is reached in which the band and lever are at right angles,
the minimum velocity of the axis 11 relatively to that of the band is reached. The
converse of this may be attained by making 11--12 the zero position of the lever, in
which its motion relatively to that of the band is a minimum. Then in the

page_text: position 11, 15 the
that of the band.
a circle almost any
of cams.
motion of the lever and its axis will be a maximum relatively to
Between this mechanical arrangement and the opposite extreme of
velocity ratio may be obtained by different forms or combinations
In some apparatus such as the meters herein referred to, and in notched gauges,
the water way or figure of the notch may be so varied that the increment of rectilinear
motion of the meter, disc or floater is directly proportional to the corresponding
increment of volume, in which case the variation of the form of the water way takes
the place and performs the functions of the cam.
In all cases the figure of the cam, spiral or other equivalent mechanical contrivances
(by which the angle of inclination of the planes of the integrating wheel and disc are
so maintained that the revolution of the integrating wheel is proportional to the
volume per unit of time) is entirely dependent upon the equation between the height
of the disc or floater above its zero level (or the distance from its zero position) and
the corresponding volume of flow. For each size of meter, taper of waterway, or
dimensions and figure of water channel, that equation must be or have been ascertained
by experiment, and the exact forms of cams, spirals or their equivalents, shewn in the
drawings are therefore only typical.
.
Having now particularly described the nature of my invention and in what manner
the same may be performed I would state in conclusion, that in the foregoing
specification I have described what I consider to be the best means of integrating the
flow of liquids involving my invention, but I do not limit or confine myself strictly
to the special forms of apparatus above described, as it is evident that the several
details and the exact order or disposition thereof, as well as their forms and construc-
tion may be greatly varied, without departing from the said invention. Moreover, I
do not confine myself to the particular order of the mechanisms intervened between
the meter disc or floater on the one hand, and the clock or paddle on the other, by
means of which the equation between the motion of the meter disc or floater and the
volume of flow is mechanically expressed. What I claim is :-
First. In apparatus for integrating the flow of liquids in which the physical position
of a floater, disc or other mechanical part in relation to a zero is or may be connected
by a mathematical equation with the corresponding volume of flow, the substitution
for such mathematical equation of a mechanical arrangement in which a device such
as a cam, spiral or their equivalent is introduced, and by which the corresponding
volume is ascertained; substantially as set forth.
Second. In apparatus of the kind specified in claim 1 for indicating the flow of
liquids, the combination of a disc operated by a clock, and an integrating wheel driven
thereby, and driving a counter, the planes of inclination of the integrating wheel and
time disc being varied by the motion of the water through a water way of a meter,
through the agency of a cam, spiral or equivalent; substantially as set forth.
Third. In apparatus of the kind specified in claim 1 for integrating the flow of
liquids, the combination of a disc-operated by a water wheel, or its equivalent-and
an integrating wheel driven thereby and driving a counter, the planes of inclination
of the integrating wheel and disc being varied by the rise and fall of a floater by the
agency of a cam, spiral or equivalent; substantially as set forth,
Fourth. In apparatus for integrating the flow of liquids, the combination of a disc
actuated by a clock a paddle wheel or their equivalent and an integrating wheel driven
thereby and driving a counter, the planes of the disc and integrating wheel being
varied by the motion or level of the water in such a manner that the counter
registers the correct volume passed between any two observations; substantially as
set forth.
Fifth. In apparatus for integrating the flow of liquids in which the equation between
the physical position of the meter disc, floater, or equivalent part of the apparatus
actuated by the water, and the volume per unit of time either by varying the section
of the water way, or by introducing a cam, spiral or its equivalent is or may be
caused to be the equation to a straight line, the combination of a disc actuated by a

page_text: clock or by the water, and an integrating wheel driven thereby,.such integrating
wheel having its axis. parallel to, and having a motion parallel to a radius of such
integrating disc in such a manner that moving from the zero position at or near the
centre of the disc to any given maximum position on the radius of the disc, the
counter actuated thereby receives a motion proportional to the volume of flow;
substantially as set forth.
Sixth. The integrating apparatus set forth with reference to Figures 1 and 2 of
the drawings, comprising the pulley i, the cam O, integrating wheel L, counter M
and the disc K, arranged and operating substantially as described.
Seventh. The integrating apparatus set forth with reference to Figures 3. 4
and 4 A of the drawings, comprising the cam o, the integrating wheel L, and counter M
and the disc K, arranged and operating substantially as described.
Eighth. The apparatus set forth with reference to Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10
of the drawings comprising a paddle wheel C, a floater or floaters and an integrating
apparatus, arranged and operating substantially as set forth.
Ninth. In an integrating device of the type herein described, the combination of
an integrating wheel and counter, whereby sliding friction is obviated substantially
as set forth, and as specified with reference to Figures 11 and 12 of the drawings.
PAR
1/1 1
1000
VALLEY LOO
.
GEORGE FREDERICK DEACON.
By Cheesbrough & Royston,
15, Water Street, Liverpool,
Patent Agents.