Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Producing Hollow ⚫ 'Bodies from Ingots or Pigs.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 1st June; 1895-Accepted, 5th Oct.. 1895
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Producing Hollow
⚫ 'Bodies from Ingots or Pigs.
I. RICHARD HEINRICH KORN of 48 Friedrich Strasse, Berlin, in the Kingdom
of Prussia and Empire of Germany Engineer do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The invention relates to improvements in the method of and apparatus "for
producing hollow bodies from ingots or pigs.
Ingots, pigs and the like are generally made singly, and it is well known that
hollow tubular bodies, cylinders, rings, hoops or the like which are made therefrom
by perforating and forging or rolling do not possess the required regularity, solidity,
and equal density, although every attention may be given to the operation.
Now the object of the present invention is to obtain from hollow ingots or the
like whilst in a heated state by a peculiar method of compressing and transforming
the same, cylinders, tubes, hoops, or rings, either complete and ready for use or in a
condition for rolling or drawing into other shape, and which are more accurate in
form and more dense in texture than those made by the old method of simply
perforating forging and rough ralling.
A further object of the invention is to prevent waste of the material under
treatment and to this end means are provided for protecting the highly heated
metal against the admission of air into contact therewith, thus preventing the
undue cooling of the metal under treatment and the formation of scale, iron slack
and the like.
And in order that the said invention may be clearly understood and readily.
carried into effect, I will proceed aided by the accompanying drawings fully to
describe the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a vertical section of a hollow ingot divided into several parts.
Figure 2 is a sectional elevation of the apparatus employed to produce the hollow
bodies from the part ingots and showing the first operation.
Figure 3 is a similar view of a succeeding apparatus and showing the next
operation.
Figure 4 is a similar view of a succeeding apparatus and showing the next
operation.
Figure 5 is a similar view representing a modified apparatus and
Figures 6, 7 and 8 are similar views representing further slight modifications.
In the several figures like parts are indicated by similar letters of reference..
In carrying the invention into effect the head or riser of the moulded ingot is first
removed and the ingot is then cut or divided into a number of parts or rings D as
represented at Figure 1.
These part ingots or rings are next heated in a suitable furnace and introduced
one upon the other and in a particular order into a series of matrices B which may
be formed in one piece or of several parts held together by hydraulic pressure or by
means of keys, wedges, or the like as will be readily understood.
In these matrices B the part ingots or rings D are submitted to a compressing,
solidfying and shaping process in such manner that the part ingots or rings Dare
Price 8d 1

page_text: acted upon equally and uniformly on all sides whilst the admission of air thereto is
prevented.
The first part or ingot D having been introduced into the matrix B and pressed
into the shape represented by Ein Figure 2 each succeeding part ingot or ring D
is supported on the preceding one which has been submitted to one compressing
operation and has become more or less compressed and transformed into a tubular
body E as represented at Figure 2, and each succeeding part ingot or ring D passed
into the same matrix B is similarly pressed into such shape.
The presser or plunger A which is caused to advance by hydraulic or other
suitable power terminates in a mandril C which at its reduced end first enters the
aperture of the part ingot or ring D; and in its further advance by its conical
part it enlarges the opening in the ring D, and at the same time presses and
"solidifies the metal against the inner wall of the matrix B, squeezing it and causing
it to upwardly spread as represented more particularly at Figures 2, 3, and 4 in
which two latter figures, the part ingot which has been acted upon is lettered E, E¹
or E2 according to the number of operations that have been performed upon it.
In the further forward movement of the presser or plunger A (Figure 2) the
enlargement A which is provided above the mandril C. and which is constructed to
closely fit the bore of the matrix B completely closes the same and the part ingot
or ring Dunder treatment is completely enclosed on all sides and is thus transformed,
condensed, and solidified whilst protected from atmospheric influence.
Simultaneous with the operation lastly above described the preceding piece E is
further transformed and ejected from the lower end of the matrix B by the advancing
part ingot or ring D.
This ejected piece E which is still highly heated is placed in another matrix B
(Figure 3) where it is acted upon by a thicker mandril C and is thus transformed
and condensed into a hollow body E in the manner described with respect to the
first matrix (Figure 2) whilst in the first matrix, another part ingot or ring D is
introduced and acted upon as herein before described.
It will be seen that by this method of working the presser or plunger A and the
mandril Care not liable to irregular strains inasmuch as they are accurately
guided in the first instance by the entrance of the mandril into the hole or aperture
of the part ingot or ring D or E as the case may be and afterwards by the advance
of the enlarged part A and entrance thereof into the matrix B whilst if necessary
these parts may be cooled during their upward or return motion by the circulation
of water through any suitable arrangement of conduits, as is well known in connection.
with various classes of machinery.
Furthermore the surface of the working parts does not become wasted or injured
as such parts are truly guided by the pieces of metal under treatment and pass
readily therethrough, the circulating water keeps the parts in a cool state, the
rapid wear thereof is thus avoided and consequently the same presses can be used
for a considerable time without requiring any attention such as dressing, or
repairs.
This preservation of the parts is a very essential feature of the present invention
and is of great importance to the iron and steel manufacturer.
The various operations to which the part ingot is submitted as hereinbefore
described are practically continuous and exceedingly rapid whilst the work is
correspondingly simple and inexpensive.
In the example given at Figures 5 to 8 some further pressing arrangements are
shown in which the mandril C and presser A are formed separately from each
other whilst the mandril C is guided in a hollow extension A' of the presser A.
In the example given at Figure 5 the mandril C rises from below through the
neck of the matrix B and passes through the hollow pieces D E to be operated
upon, projecting slightly beyond the same so that it will enter and guide, the
advancing hollow presser A'.
The inandril C in this case is truly cylindrical whilst the matrix is formed with
á varrow neck which by the downward pressure of the extension A¹ of the

page_text: plunger A. compresses the metal under treatment into the form of a tube as repre-
sented by the finished part E¹.
In this case the mandril C is arranged to form a mere guide or anvil for the
extension of the presser A' and inasmuch as its surface is truly cylindrical it does
not increase or alter the diameter of the holes in the pieces D E under treatment.
In the example given at Figure 6 on the contrary, the mandril C is formed with
an enlarged head which works and is thus guided in the bore of the extension A¹
of the presser A whilst the mandril C enters the hollow pieces D E under treatment
in the same direction of travel as that of the extension A' of the presser A, and the
lower end of the mandril C is gradually reduced, and the neck of the matrix B is.
correspondingly contracted so as to produce by the downward pressure of the .
plunger A a tube of smaller bore than that shown at Figure 5.
In the example given at Figure 7 the lower neck of the matrix is slightly
enlarged and the mandril C is arranged in a similar manner to that represented at
Figure 5, that is to say it enters the matrix B from below whilst it is formed with
a shoulder or enlargement C¹ for the purpose of enlarging the bore of the pieces D.
under treatment.
In the example given at Figure 8, the mandril C is formed in two parts, the
lower part being truly cylindrical, whilst the upper part C is formed of larger
diameter joining the lower part C by a conical neck and the matrix B is at its
neck contracted to compress the metal being pressed therethrough around the
mandril C.
It will be understood that the details of the apparatus may be more or less.
modified without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said.
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The herein described method of producing hollow bodies from ingots or pigs
consisting in compressing and shaping a hollow ingot or part ingot or the like
whilst in a heated state in a matrix or series of matrices by means of a presser or
plunger, the mandril of which occupies the bore of the part ingot, an enlargement
of the presser occupying the bore of the matrix and the part ingot previously
pressed supporting the piece under treatment so that such piece is pressed and
enclosed on all sides the mandril being so shaped that in its advance it enlarges or
shapes the bore of the piece being operated upon whilst the advance of the enlarged
part of the presser compresses it in the other direction and ultimately forces out of.
the matrix the preceding piece substantially as herein shown and described.
2. In apparatus for producing hollow bodies a matrix, a presser or plunger
comprising a mandril at its end adapted to fit the aperture of the part ingot, a
conical shoulder upon the mandril for pressing outward the part ingot and an
enlargement upon the mandril or presser adapted to fit the matrix substantially as
herein shown and described.
3. In apparatus for producing hollow bodies, a matrix, a hollow presser or
plunger adapted to fit the matrix, and a plain or shaped mandril adapted to fit the
hollow of the part ingot and the hollow of the presser or plunger substantially as.
herein shown and described.
Dated this 1st day of June 1895.
WHITE & WOODINGTON,
27 Southampton Buildings, London, Agents.