Improvements in Horizontal Coke Ovens.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 31st Mar., 1896-Accepted, 11th July, 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Horizontal Coke Ovens.
I, ALBERT HÜSSENER, of Essen a/Ruhr, Prussia, Germany, Director of Works,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
This invention relates to closed horizontal coke-ovens having horizontal heating
channels and worked with the extraction of the bye-products; the novel features
of the improved coke-oven consist of the arrangement of the heating channels or
flues and of the partition-walls between each two coking, chambers, and of the
arrangement of channels for heating the requisite air supply for combustion with
the heating gases.
By these improvements coke can also be manufactured from those sorts of coal,
which hitherto, owing to the too large or too small quantities of gas produced
could not advantageously be employed for coking by distillation.
The arrangements are shewn in the accompanying drawings.
Figures 1 and 2 are vertical longitudinal sections.
Figure 3 is a part vertical cross section and a part end view seen from K,
Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a part end view seen from J.
Figures 5 to 7 are sections representing the partition walls between each two
coking chambers, showing several modifications of the bond of the oven chamber
sides with the intermediate central wall.
Figures 8 to 11 show again by similar views the oven represented in Figures 1
to 4 but with a modified arrangement for heating the air supply for the
combustion of the gas.
Figure 12 is a plan view of the arrangement of the channels shown in
Figures 8 to 11 for heating the air supply.
The novel features are firstly the arrangement of the heating channels below
the sole of the oven chambers and in the partition walls separating each two
oven chambers; in place of only one oven channel below each oven chamber
receiving the gases at two sides, as in the oven constructions hitherto employed,
there are arranged below each oven chamber in the sole, two completely indepen-
dent channels, each of which is heated separately and in communication with a
system of horizontal wall channels, provided in the oven chamber partition wall,
a waste-heat channel being arranged for each horizontal wall heating channel
system in the foundation of the partition wall, such waste-heat channel being also
made to communicate with the common waste heat collecting channel. By these
means I obtain, that the quantities of gas led into each sole channel are forced
to flow through the prescribed way to the common waste heat collecting channel,
and that each side of each oven chamber is heated by an independent heating
channel system, from which a large quantity of heat is no longer transmitted to
the adjacent oven chamber, as has hitherto been the case.
The sole channels lying below the oven chamber are designated in the figures
by the letters a b, and the horizontal heating channel system with the letters a¹ a
a a and b 12 13 14 respectively, a¹ a² a and b b b respectively being the
horizontal oven wall heating channels and a 6 the waste heat channels belonging
to each of these systems and which place theso systems in communication with
the common waste heat collecting channel A. These several waste heat channels
will be termed hereinafter waste heat connecting channels.

page_text: One half of the oven chamber sole and oven chamber side wall is heated by the
independent heating channel system a a' a² a³ closed in itself and the other half by the
heating channel system bb1 62 63 closed in itself. The gases must flow in each heating
channel system in the prescribed direction, i.e. through the sole channels a and b
respectively, and at the end of the latter upward through as and 6 respectively,
from thence downward in zigzag direction through the channels a' a² a³ a¹ and
respectively to the common waste heat collecting channel A.
By this arrangement of the heating channel systems, producing the prescribed
passage of the heating gases, a reliable and economical heating of the several oven
chambers is obtained.
The arrangement of an independent heating channel system for each half of an
oven chamber is effected by a poculiar new arrangement of the partition walls
provided between each two oven chambers. The construction of these partition
walls is illustrated in Figures 5 to 7, and 3 and 10.
The central part of each partition wall consists of the massive central wall C.
This central wall C carries firstly the arch of the oven chamber, secondly the
whole superstructure of the oven and finally by means of projections (the front
faces of which form a part of the wall surfaces of the oven chamber) the wall also
supports the thin slabs d which are arranged in readily exchangeable rows.
These slabs d form the remaining part of the wall surface of the coke oven
chamber; they form together with the massive central wall C and with the lateral
projections of the latter the heating channel systems a¹ a² a3 and 61 62 63 respec-
tively and they transmit the heat produced in the latter to the oven chamber and
to the coal to be distilled contained therein.
Each partition wall between each two oven chambers consists therefore of the
inner massive central wall C taking the whole pressure, the heating channel
systems a¹ a² a³ and 61 62 63 respectively on both sides of the said wall C, and the
side walls closing these channels towards the oven chambers, that is to say, the thin
slabs d.
By these means the construction of these heating channel systems is carried out
in the simplest manner and moreover I obtain, that the channel slabs d are freed
completely from the pressure exerted by the arch of the oven chamber and by the
superstructure of the oven. Furthermore, the channel slabs d can easily be
exchanged.
The channel slabs are supported, as illustrated in Figures 5 to 7, by the pro-
jections c of the central wall and they are formed in such a manner, (Figures 5 to 7
shew different modes of execution), that they can easily be inserted from the front
faces of the oven and are then placed at once in their right position. In replacing
or restoring the several side-walls of the oven by inserting one or more rows of
such channel slabs d, the bond in the masonry of the whole partition wall or of
the arch of the oven chamber or of the superstructure of the ovens will not be
injured in any way, and the independency of the several oven chambers from each
other, already obtained by the arrangement of the channels, will be still increased
by this manner of constructing the side walls of the oven.
As is generally known, air is to be supplied to the gases for combustion in the
heating channels; both, cold or heated air, may be used for this purpose.
When
hot air is to be supplied, it may readily be heated by the above described oven-
system in the manner illustrated in the Figures 8 to 11 of the accompanying
drawings.
The lowest of the four horizontal channels, i.e. the waste heat connecting
channels a and b respectively, are in this case arranged in a vertically lower
position than in the construction represented in Figures 1 to 4, where cold air is
supplied to the heating channels.
Between the waste heat connecting channels a and b respectively are interposed,
below the coke oven sole channels a and b respectively, the channels e and f
respectively serving to heat to a high temperature the atmospheric air necessary in
each heating channel system a a¹ a a³ and b b¹ 63 for the combustion of the gases.

page_text: As illustrated in Figures 12 the air channels e and f extend outward through the
two front sides of the oven for taking up at one front side of the oven the air to be
heated, while on the other front side of the oven they deliver the heated air.
In the construction shewn in Figure 12 the channels e take up the cold air on
the same side of the oven where the waste heat collecting channel A is arranged and
they discharge the heated air on the opposite side of the oven through a tube system m
to the heating channels, while the channels f take up the cold air on the side of the
oven opposite to the waste heat collecting channel A and deliver it to the heating
channels through a pipe system m¹ on the side of the waste heat collecting
channel A.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. In closed horizontal coke ovens having horizontal heating channel systems and
worked with the extraction of the bye-products, the combination of the oven chamber
with two channels provided below the sole of each oven chamber, each such sole
channel being heated separately and being in communication with a system of
horizontal wall heating channels, a waste-heat connecting channel being arranged for
cach horizontal wall heating channel system for connecting these with the common
waste heat collecting channel, substantially as set forth and shown in the accompanying
drawings.
2. In closed horizontal coke ovens having horizontal heating-channel systems and
worked with the extraction of the bye-products, a partition wall separating two oven
chambers consisting of the combination of a massive central wall C taking not
only the whole pressure exerted by the superstructure of the oven, but also that of
the arch of the oven chamber, with projections on each side for supporting thin
slabs d serving as the side wall of the oven chamber and at the same time as a
partition wall between the oven chamber and the lateral heating channel systems of
each oven chamber, substantially as set forth and shown in the accompanying
drawings.
3. In closed horizontal coke ovens having horizontal heating channel-systems
and worked with the extraction of the bye-products, a partition wall separating two
oven chambers consisting of a massive central wall serving as foundation of the
superstructure of the oven and as abutment of the arch of the oven chamber in
combination with a horizontal four-branched zig-zag system of heating channels
provided on each side of the massive central wall and connected with a sole
channel and the common waste heat collecting channel, the side walls of the said
heating channels situated towards the oven chamber consisting of thin slabs
completely freed by the wall C from the pressure exerted by the arch of the oven
chamber, and by the superstructure of the oven, substantially as set forth and shown
in the accompanying drawings.
4. In a coke oven such as is referred to in the preceding claims, arranging the
waste heat collecting channels at b in the lower part of the foundation of the oven
and placing between them air channels e, f, extending respectively at one end
through the one front wall to the open air and communicating at the other end with
pipes for leading the heated air to the gas supply entering the heating channels for
entering into combustion therewith, substantially as described with reference to
Figures 8 to 12 of the drawings.
Dated this 21st day of March 1896
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.