Improvements in Apparatus for Refrigerating Purposes, Applicable also to Machines for Compressing Air and Gases for other Purposes.
Year: 1888

page_text: Improvements in Apparatus for Refrigerating Purposes, Applicable
also to Machines for Compressing Air and Gases for other
Purposes.
I, FRANZ WINDHAUSEN of 14 Chausseè Strasse Berlin in the Empire of Germany,
Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature of said Invention to be as follows:-
:-
My Invention relates principally to apparatus wherein a gas such as Carbonic
acid gas is compressed and expands for the purpose of producing cold and my Inven-
tion has for its object to effect a double compression of the Carbonic acid by each
double stroke of the piston of the compressing pump. According to my Invention
I by one stroke of the piston draw in the gas to be compressed and by the next stroke
in the reverse direction I force it into and compress it in a chamber in communica-
tion with the reverse side of the piston which chamber is of a lesser capacity than the
space in the cylinder into which the gas was first drawn. As the piston draws in a
fresh supply of gas at the next stroke the gas which has been compressed as aforesaid
in the chamber of lesser capacity is compressed to a greater extent and passed under
this pressure into a receiver or to the place of utilization.
The following is an arrangement according to my Invention but I do not limit
myself to the precise details I now describe.
In a cylinder a piston is reciprocated. A chamber communicates with the rear end
of this cylinder there being liquid in the cylinder behind the piston and in the said
chamber to such a height that the unoccupied space above the liquid constitutes the
lesser chamber hereinbefore mentioned. With the space in the cylinder in front of the
piston two passages communicate the one with a valve opening inwards for the
admission of the gas to be compressed and the other with a valve opening outwards
for the passage therethrough of the gas compressed at the forward motion of the
piston the said gas so compressed thence passing by a pipe or passage into the lesser
chainber above the liquid therein the opening of the said pipe or passage into the
said lesser chamber being furnished with a valve opening inwards to the said
lesser chamber. In this lesser chamber the gas is compressed by the continued

page_text: forward movement of the piston of the pump.
On the return stroke of the said
piston the valves in connection with the pipe or passage between the space at the
forward side of the piston and the lesser chamber close and the gas in the lesser
chamber is further compressed until it attains a pressure at which it opens the
valve by which it passes from the said lesser chamber a fresh charge of gas being
meanwhile drawn in at the forward side of the piston to be compressed in two stages
as described with regard to the preceding charge and so on as the apparatus continues
to work.
The apparatus described may be applied to machines for compressing air and gases
for purposes other than for the purpose of refrigerating.
Dated this 21st day of February 1888
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agents.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Refrigerating Purposes, Applicable
also to Machines for Compressing Air and Gases for other
Purposes.
I FRANZ WINDHAUSEN of 14 Chauseè Strasse Berlin in the Empire of Germany
Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My Invention relates principally to apparatus wherein a gas such for instance as
carbonic acid gas is compressed and expands for the purpose of producing cold and
my Invention has for its object to effect a double compression of the carbonic acid by
each double stroke of the piston of the compressing pump. According to my
Invention I by one stroke of the piston draw in the gas to be compressed and by
next stroke in the reverse direction I force it into and compress it in a chamber in
communication with the reverse side of the piston which chamber is of a lesser
capacity than the space in the cylinder into which the gas was first drawn. As the
piston draws in a fresh supply of gas at the next stroke the gas which has been com-
pressed as aforesaid in the chamber of lesser capacity is compressed to a greater
extent and passed under this pressure into a receiver or to the place of utilization.
The following is an arrangement according to my Invention which I will explain
with reference to the accompanying drawing which is a longitudinal section of an
apparatus constructed in accordance with my invention but I do not limit myself to
the precise details illustrated.
In a cylinder A a piston B is reciprocated. A chamber A¹ communicates with the
rear end of the cylinder A there being liquid in the cylinder A behind the piston and
in the said chamber A¹ to such a height that the space in the chamber A¹ above the
liquid constitutes the lesser chamber hereinbefore mentioned. With the space in the
cylinder A in front of the piston B two passages communicate the one with a valve a
opening inwards for the admission of the gas to be compressed and the other with a
valve b opening outwards for the passage therethrough of the gas compressed at the
forward motion of the piston the said gas so compressed thence passing by a pipe or
passage f into the said lesser space of the chamber A' above the liquid therein the
opening of the said pipe or passage f into the said lesser chamber being preferably
furnished with a valve opening inwards to the said lesser chamber. In this lesser
chamber A¹ the gas is compressed by the continued forward movement of the piston B
of the pump. On the return stroke of the said piston the valve or valves in connec-
tion with the pipe or passage f between the space at the forward side of the piston B
and the lesser chamber A close and the gas in the lesser chamber is further
compressed until it attains a pressure at which it opens the valve c by which it posses
from the said lesser chamber by the pipe e a fresh charge of gas being meanwhile
drawn in by the valve a at the forward side of the piston B to be compressed in two

page_text: .stages as described with regard to the preceding charge and so on as the apparatus
continues to work. The apparatus described may be applied to machines for com-
pressing air and gases for purposes other than for the purpose of refrigerating.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-The gas is first drawn through the
pipe d and valve a into the cylinder A by the action of the piston B on its back
stroke. On the return of this piston B the gas is compressed and forced out of the
cylinder A through the valve 6 and pipe finto the cylinder or chamber A¹. Owing
to the difference in the areas of the two sides of the piston B or the contracted space
into which the liquid can pass as the piston moves forward the gas is displaced or
driven out of the forward end of the cylinder A more rapidly than the compressing
liquid is drawn in at the other end of this cylinder and the gas is consequently com-
pressed in the chamber A' to an extent corresponding to the difference in the
displacements taking place before and behind the piston B. When the liquid rises in
the chamber A¹ on the next back stroke of the piston B it further compresses the gas
in the chamber A¹ driving it through the valve c and pipe e. g is a pipe through
which liquid escaping through the packing around the piston rod B¹ and accumulating
in a chamber m may be conducted to the stuffing box of an expansion cylinder as in
the combination described in the Specification accompanying application No. 2549 of
even date herewith.
x and y are the pipes by which cooling fluid passes into and from the jacketting
shown.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is-
1. In apparatus wherein air or gas is compressed and expands for the purpose of
producing cold or for other purpose means substantially as herein before described
whereby a double compression of the air or gas is effected by each double stroke of the
piston of the compressing pump.
2. The arrangement and combination of parts constituting an apparatus for com-
pressing air or gas for refrigerating or other purposes substantially as herein before
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 21st day of December 1888.