Improvements in and in Connection with Metallic Packings for Pistons and other Analogous Working Parts of Fluid Pressure Engines or Apparatus.
Year: 1888

page_text: Improvements in and in Connection with Metallic Packings for
Pistons and other Analogous Working Parts of Fluid Pressure
Engines or Apparatus.
I, JEBUS BICKLE, of Hayle, in the County of Cornwall, Engineer do hereby declare
the nature of my said invention to be as follows :-
This Invention relates to what are known as metallic packings applicable for use
in steam and other fluid pressure engines, or apparatus where fluids at different
pressures are employed, or exist on the opposite sides of a working part, or on
the opposite sides of a stationary part through which a rod, or other like moving
body works. For example it relates to pistons and piston rods and other like
packings of steam and other fluid pressure engines, and it has for its object, amongst
other things, to construct such packings in a simple and efficient form and giving
uniform elasticity and durability.
For the sake of brevity I will now describe my Invention as applied to a piston,
say of a marine steam engine having the ordinary junk ring and annular recess in
which the packing is placed and retained. The packing rings-that is the rings
which bear upon the surface of the cylinder and make a tight joint therewith-of the
example I am about to describe, are two in number split in the ordinary way and
cod" pieces. Inside these rings I
having at their point of separation suitable
provide two other rings which are provided with spring and serve to press the outer
packing rings outward and against the walls of the cylinder. The construction by
which this outward pressure is obtained, consists in forming the inner sides of the
outer rings and the outer sides of the inner rings of a coned, or tapered form, and
disposing them one towards the other in such a manner, that the pressure exerted by
the springs, above mentioned, on the inner rings, in a line parallel with the axis of the
rings and in opposite directions, presses the outer rings radially outward, and upon
the surface of the cylinder. I prefer to taper, or cone both sets of rings, so that the
outer rings are pressed against the inner surface of the junk ring and the corresponding

page_text: surface of the metal forming the annular packing space of the piston. In such case
the springs are placed between the two inner rings and press them away from each
other.
The springs may be of any suitable kind such as spiral, volute, wave and so forth,
but spiral springs are very convenient and when used they may be placed in apertures,
or recesses formed in both rings arranged at suitable distances apart.
It will thus be evident that if the springs be in compression they will exert a
pressure tending to separate the two inner rings and that the direction of the tendency
of motion of the outer packing rings will be at right angles to that of the inner rings,
such tendency being due to the action of the coned surfaces of the two sets of rings
upon each other. It is to be observed that this outward pressure,
exerted upon the
outer rings may be obtained by providing a converse arrangement of coned, surfaces
and springs to that just described :-and also that the inverse arrangement of packing
may be applied to piston and other rods.

page_text: Improvements in and in Connection with Metallic, Packings for
Pistons and other Analogous Working Parts of Fluid Pressure
Engines or Apparatus.
I, JEBUS BICKLE, of Hayle, in the County of Cornwall, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:
This Invention relates to what are known as metallic packings applicable for use in
steam and other fluid pressure engines, or apparatus where fluids at different pressures
are employed, or exist on the opposite sides of a working part or on the opposite sides
of a stationary part through which a rod, or other like moving hody works. For
example it relates to piston and piston rods and other like packings of steam and other
fluid pressure engines, and it has for its object, amongst other things to construct such
packings in a simple and efficient form and giving uniform elasticity and durability.
For the sake of brevity I will now describe my Invention as applied to a piston,
say of a marine steam engine having the ordinary junk ring and annular recess in
which the packing is placed and retained. The packing rings that is, the rings which
bear upon the surface of the cylinder and make a tight joint therewith-of the example
I am about to describe, are two in number, split in the ordinary way, and having at
their point of separation suitable "cod "pieces. Inside these rings I provide.two
other rings which are provided with springs and serve to press the outer packing rings
outward and against the walls of the cylinder The centre of pressure outwards being
exactly in the middle of each ring.-The construction by which this outward pressure, is
obtained; consists in forming the inner sides of the outer rings and the outer sides of
the inner rings of a coned or tapered form and disposing them one towards the other
in such a manner that the pressure exerted by the springs above mentioned on the
inner rings in a line parallel with the axis of the rings and in opposite directions,
presses the outer rings radially outward, and fair and square upon the surface of
the cylinder. I prefer to taper or cone both sets of rings, so that the outer rings are
pressed against the inner surface of the junk ring and the corresponding surface of
the metal forming the annular packing space of the piston. In such case the springs
are placed between the two inner rings and press them away from each other.
i
The springs may be of any suitable kind such as spiral, volute, wave and so forth,
but spiral springs are very convenient and when used they may be placed in apertures,
or recesses formed in both rings arranged at suitable distances apart.
It will be evident that if the springs be in compression they will exert a pressure
tending to separate the two inner rings and that the direction of the tendency of
notion of the outer packing rings will be at right angles to that of. the inner rings,
such tendency being due to the action of the coned surfaces of the two sets of rings
upon each other; the bevelled or coned part of the outer rings being provided about mid-
way between the top and bottom edges, so that the centre of pressure outwards is in
practically exactly the middle part of each ring. It is to be observed that this outward
pressure exerted upon the outer rings may be obtained by providing a converse
arrangement of coned surfaces and springs to that just described and also that the
converse arrangement of packing may be applied to piston and other rods.

page_text: The drawings hereunto annexed and forming a part of this specification serve to
illustrate the Invention as above described. Two forms are shown, and of these
Figures 1 and 2 illustrate in part sectional elevation and part sectional plan,
respectively, the particular construction of packing above generally described as
applied to a piston of a steam engine, and Figure 3 shows in part sectional
elevation a modification of the packing illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, in respect
of the means by which the springs are applied to the rings.
In the drawings like or equivalent parts are marked with the same reference letters
and figures throughout.
With reference in the first instance to Figures 1 and 2, A designates the piston;
B the junk ring; and C the piston rod. a, a' are the packing rings which bear upon the
surface of the cylinder and make a tight joint therewith. The rings are split in the
usual way and have at their point of separation suitable "cod pieces" . Inside
the rings a, a', I provide two other rings 6,6, which are preferably solid and provided
with spiral springs c which serve to press the rings b, 61 apart, and thereby expand or
press outward the outer packing rings a, a'. This outward pressure is obtained by
forming the inner sides a² of the rings a, a' and the outer sides 63 of the rings b, b¹ of
a coned bevelled, or tapered form, such bevelled part of the outer rings being exactly
midway between the top and bottom edges and disposing them one towards. another as
shown in the drawings, so that the pressure exerted by the springs c on the rings bb t
in opposite directions presses the rings a, a¹ radially outwards and fair and square
upon the surface of the cylinder thus equalizing the wear and pressure on the surface of
the cylinder the ring a pressing against the junk ring B and the ring a pressing
against the corresponding surface or flange D of the piston. The spiral springs c are
fitted in recesses e provided for them in the coned rings b, b.
With reference to Figure 3; this modification consists of fitting the spiral springs c
loosely on the studs e one end of which is turned down and screwed into the ring b
and the other end is turned down and is free to work in a hole in the ring b. The
rings b, bare in this example placed away from each other and are kept apart by the
springs c and the centre portion of the studs e. I prefer that studs be provided
shown in this example or at other suitable points, as they keep the rings b, b'in
position.
as
In both the examples shown the springs c are provided in sufficient number and
tension to give the necessary pressure to make the packing steam tight; the action
being that as the springs force asunder the inner rings b, these by their bevelled
faces produce both an outward and a lateral pressure on the packing rings a, a¹, thus
insuring a steam-tight fit in every direction. The bevelled or coned parts of the outer
rings being at an angle such as shewn, and midway between the top and bottom edges, the
pressure outwards is always fairly evenly applied and moreover all tendency to tilt or
cant the rings is avoided; and at the same time even wear assured.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. In a packing for pistons or other like or equivalent purposes, , the combination of
two-outer packing rings and two inner rings and springs or equivalent means for
pressing said inner rings upon the outer rings in such a manner as to press the said
outer or packing rings on to the surface to be packed.
A packing for pistons and other like or equivalent purposes, comprising con-
sisting of two outer or packing rings having bevelled inner surfaces, said bevelled parts
being midway between the two edges of the rings, two inner rings having bevelled outer
surfaces, and a spring or springs adapted to cause the bevelled surfaces of the inner
rings to act upon the bevelled surfaces of the outer rings in such a manner as to press
them evenly outwards all as and for the purpose set forth, and as shown in the
'drawings.
3. The packing comprising the outer packing rings a, a', inner rings.b, b', and
springs c, as set forth with reference to Figures 1 and 2 of the Drawings.

page_text: 4. The packing comprising the outer packing rings a,a', inner rings b, b',-springs-c
and studs e, as set forth with reference to Figure 3 of the Drawings.
1000
JEBUS BICKLE.
By Cheesbrough & Royston,
15, Water Street, Liverpool,
Patent Agents.

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Apr., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Jan., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 23rd Feb.,
1889
V
Improvements in and in Connection with Metallic Packings for
Pistons and other Analogous Working Parts of Fluid Pressure
Engines or Apparatus.
I, JEBUS BIOKLE, of Hayle, in the County of Cornwall, Engineer do hereby declare
the nature of my said invention to be as follows :-
This Invention relates to what are known as metallic packings applicable for use
in steam and other fluid pressure engines, or apparatus where fluids at different
pressures are employed, or exist on the opposite sides of a working part, or on
the opposite sides of a stationary part through which a rod, or other like moving
body works. For example it relates to pistons and piston rods and other like
packings of steam and other fluid pressure engines, and it has for its object, amongst
other things, to construct such packings in a simple and efficient form and giving
uniform elasticity and durability.
For the sake of brevity I will now describe my Invention as applied to a piston,
say of a marine steam engine having the ordinary junk ring and annular recess in
which the packing is placed and retained. The packing rings that is the rings
which bear upon the surface of the cylinder and make a tight joint therewith-of the
example I am about to describe, are two. in number split in the ordinary way and
having at their point of separation suitable "cod" pieces. Inside these rings
provide two other rings which are provided with springs and serve to press the outer
packing rings outward and against the walls of the cylinder. The construction by
which this outward pressure is obtained, consists in formning the inner sides of the
outer rings and the outer sides of the inner rings of a coned, or tapered form, and
disposing them one towards the other in such a manner, that the pressure exerted by
the springs, above mentioned, on the inner rings, in a line parallel with the axis of the
rings and in opposite directions, presses the outer rings radially outward, and upon
the surface of the cylinder. I prefer to taper, or cone both sets of rings, so that the
outer rings are pressed against the inner surface of the junk ring and the corresponding

page_text: surface of, the metal forming the annular packing space of the piston. In such case
the springs are placed between the two inner rings and press them away from each
other..
The springs may be of any suitable kind such as spirál, volute, wave and so forth,
but spiral springs are very convenient and when used they may be placed in apertures,
or recesses formed in both rings arranged at suitable distances apart.
It will thus be evident that if the springs be in compression they will exert a
pressure tending to separate the two inner rings and that the direction of the tendency
of motion of the outer packing rings will he at right angles to that of the inner rings,
such tendency being due to the action of the coned surfaces of the two sets of rings
upon each other. It is to be observed that this outward pressure, exerted upon the
outer rings may be obtained by providing a converse arrangement of coned surfaces
and springs to that just described:-and also that the inverse arrangement of packing
may be applied to piston and other rods.

page_text: Improvements in and in Connection with Metallic Páckings for
Pistons and other Analogous Working Parts of Fluid Pressure
Engines or Apparatus.
I, JEBUS BICKLE, of Hayle, in the County of Cornwall, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This Invention relates to what are known as metallic packings applicable for use in
steam and other fluid pressure engines, or apparatus where fluids at different pressures
are employed, or exist on the opposite sides of a working part or on the opposite sides
of a stationary part through which a rod, or other like moving body works. For
example it relates to piston and piston rods and other like packings of steam and other
fluid pressure engines, and it has for its object, amongst other things to construct such
packings in a simple and efficient form and giving uniform elasticity and durability.
For the sake of brevity I will now describe my Invention as applied to a piston,
say of a marine steam engine having the ordinary junk ring and annular recess in
which the packing is placed and retained. The packing rings that is the rings which
bear upon the surface of the cylinder and make a tight joint therewith-of the example.
I am about to describe, are two in number, split in the ordinary way, and having at
their point of separation suitable "cod" pieces. Inside these rings I provide two
other rings which are provided with springs and serve to press the outer packing rings
outward and against the walls of the cylinder. The construction by which this outward
pressure is obtained, consists in forming the inner sides of the outer rings and the
outer sides of the inner rings of a coned or tapered form and disposing them one
towards the other in such a manner that the pressure exerted by the springs above
mentioned on the inner rings in a line parallel with the axis of the rings and in
opposite directions, presses the outer rings radially outward, and upon the surface of
the cylinder. I prefer to taper or cone both sets of rings, so that the outer rings are
pressed against the inner surface of the junk ring and the corresponding surface of the
metal forming the annular packing space of the piston. In such case the springs are
placed between the two inner rings and press them away from each other.
The springs may be of any suitable kind such as spiral, volute, wave and so forth,
but spiral springs are very convenient and when used they may be placed in apertures,
or recesses formed in both rings arranged at suitable distances apart.
"It will be evident that if the springs be in compression they will exert a pressure
tending to separate the two inner rings and that the direction of the tendency of
motion of the outer packing rings will be at right angles to that of the inner rings,
such tendency being due to the action of the coned surfaces of the two sets of rings
upon each other. It is to be observed that this outward pressure exerted upon the
outer rings may be obtained by providing a converse arrangement of coned surfaces and
springs to that just described and also that the converse arrangement of packing may
be applied to piston and other rods.
The drawings hereunto annexed and forming a part of this specification serve to
illustrate the Invention as above described. Two forms are shown, and of: these
Figures 1 and 2 illustrate in part sectional elevation and part sectional plan,
respectively, the particular constructiou of packing above generally described as
applied to a piston of a steam engine, and Figure 3 shows in part sectional
".

page_text: elevation a modification of the packing illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, in respect
of the means by which the springs are applied to the rings.
In the drawings like or equivalent parts are marked with the same reference letters
and figures throughout.
With reference in the first instance to Figures 1 and 2, A designates the piston;
B the junk ring; and C the piston rod. a, a' are the packing rings which bear upon the
surface of the cylinder and make a tight joint therewith. The rings are split in the
usual way and have at their, point of separation suitable "cod pieces
" d. Inside
the rings a, a', I provide two other rings b, b, which are preferably solid and provided
with spiral springs c which serve to press the rings b, apart, and thereby expand or
press outward the outer packing rings a, a¹. This outward pressure is obtained by
forming the inner sides a² of the rings a, a¹ and the outer sides 62 of the rings b, b¹ of
a coned bevelled, or tapered form, and disposing them tone towards another as shown
in the drawings, so that the pressure exerted by the springs c on the rings b¹ in
opposite directions presses the rings a, a radially outwards and upon the surface of
the cylinder the ring a pressing against the junk ring B and the ring a¹ pressing
against the corresponding surface or flange D of the piston. The spiral springs c are
fitted in recesses e provided for them in the coned rings b, b.
With reference to Figure 3; this modification consists of fitting the spiral springs c
loosely on the studs è one end of which is turned down and screwed into the ring b
and the other end is turned down and is free to work in a hole in the ring b. The
rings b, bare in this example placed away from each other and are kept apart by the
springs cand the centre portion of the studs e. I prefer that studs be provided as
shown in this example or at other suitable points, as they keep the rings b, b¹ in
position.
In both the examples shown the springs care provided in sufficient number and
tension to give the necessary pressure to make the packing steam tight; the action
being that as the springs force asunder the inner rings b, b¹ these by their bevelled
faces produce both an outward and a lateral pressure on the packing rings a, a', thus
insuring a steam-tight fit in every direction.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed 1 declare that what I
claim is :-
:-
1. In a packing for pistons or other like or equivalent purposes, the combination of
two outer packing rings and two 'inner rings and springs or equivalent means for
pressing said inner rings upon the outer rings in such a manner as to press the said
outer or packing rings on to the surface to be packed.
2. A packing for pistons and other like or equivalent purposes, comprising two
outer or packing rings having bevelled inner surfaces, two inner rings having bevelled
outer surfaces, and a spring or springs adapted to cause the bevelled surfaces of the
inner rings to act upon the bevelled surfaces of the outer rings in such a manner as to
press them outwards for the purpose set forth:
3. The packing comprising the outer packing rings a, a¹, inner rings b, b', and
springs c, as set forth with reference to Figures 1 and 2 of the Drawings.
4. The packing comprising the outer packing rings a, a, inner rings b, b', springs e
and studs e, as set forth with reference to Figure 3 of the Drawings.
Dated this 22nd.day of January 1889.