IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING CIGARETTES
Year: 1885

page_text: "
I SYDNEY PITT of Sutton in the County of Surrey Gentleman do hereby
declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
MAKING CIGARETTES (A communication to me from abroad by Alexander W.
Jadovsky of St Petersburg in the Empire of Russia Merchant) and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
In cigarette making machinery arranged according to this invention the
mechanisms for effecting the various requisite operations receive their movement
as hereinafter described from a main shaft turned by means of a crank handle or
otherwise.
The materials required for making cigarettes are fed as follows to the various
parts of the apparatus viz, 1. paper for the wrapper or paper shell which is wound
around a drum in the shape of long ribbon; 2. paper for mouth pieces arranged in
the same manner; 3. a sufficient quantity of paste, and, 4. tobacco in the required
layer placed on the upper surface of an endless strap..
First of all a cylindrical paper shell or wrapper is made, next a spiral mouth
piece which is then introduced into the paper shell then the required quantity of
tobacco is prepared and filled into the paper shell, the superfluous fibres of tobacco
sticking out of the paper shell is then cut off and the completed cigarette is ejected
from the machine.
In the accompanying drawings :-
Figure 1 represents a plan of the whole machine Figure 2 represents a right
end of the same. Figure 3 represents a left end of this machine. Figure 4
represents a detailed view of the tube for making the paper shell. Figure 5
represents a forked axle for making mouth pieces. Figure 6 represents an appa-
ratus for forming a tobacco cylinder or core. Figure 7 represents clamps for
retaining the paper shells in the operation of introducing into them tobacco and
a mouth piece. Figure 8 represents a pusher for pushing out the completely
formed cigarettes. Figure 9 represents an apparatus for evenly distributing paste
on the paste cylinder.

page_text: The paper shells are made as follows: the end of the cigarette paper ribbon is
introduced into the paper shell making tube a Figures 1 and 4 and this end is held
by the pressure plate a³. As the shaft A rotates the shears 6 (Figures 1 and 3) by
means of the lever c and the excentric d are caused to descend and cut off a band
of paper of the required size. Continuing to descend the shears press the edge of
the separated paper band against the roller e (indicated in dotted lines on Figure 3)
which is covered with paste whereupon the pinion f fixed on the axle a* (bearing
on its end the tube a) gears with the toothed segment g puts the tube in rotating
motion and the paper being pressed against the tube a by means of the drum h
shell or
is wound into a cylindric form and is pasted together. When the paper
wrapper has been so formed the india rubber sector o (Figure 1) is put into
rotating motion by the pin p acting on the screw q and removes the paper shell
from tube a and introduces it into one or other of the tubes r which retains it
during all the following successive stages and carries it from the mechanism for
effecting one stage to the mechanism for effecting another. Upon removing the
paper shell from the tube a the cams i. i. on the shaft A. the levers / and m the
rod and the plates n (Figures 1 and 2) between which the end of the paper
ribbon remained introduce the foremost end of the paper ribbon into the paper
shell making tube a whereupon the plates n go backward and the shears b again
cut off a piece of paper for making another paper shell. During the time of making
the first and the second paper shell the india rubber paste roller e having been
compelled to rotate by a catch and ratchet brings on new paste from the reservior C
for the next paper shell (Figures 2 and 3) The excess of the paste is taken off by
a scraper m (Figure 9) provided with a toothed edge.
The
Six similar tubes r are carried at equal distances apart by arms extending from
a disc s which is concentric with the shaft A. The said disc is fixed to one end of
the tubet (Figure 1) provided on its other end with the pinion u Figure 2 having
six trapezoidal teeth arranged to gear with the single tooth of the disc v.
disc v receives a rotating motion by the aid of the pinions w (Figure 2) from the
shaft A. At each revolution of the shaft A the disc v makes one revolution
the pinion u revolves for one tooth and the disc 8 for one sixth of its circumference
together with the discs are moved the tubes r. With two revolutions of the
shaft A the paper shell is removed from the shell making tube to the apparatus B
(Figures 1 and 3) which makes the mouth pieces.
The mouth piece is made in the following manner: The end of the mouth piece
paper wound in shape of a long ribbon on a drum is moved under the knife y
whereby it is cut in the shape of a cuneiform mouth piece end. This end passes
through the guides z and enters in the forked end of the axle a¹ (Figure 5) placed
in the tube which is provided with longitudinal slits disposed in a horizontal
plane. When the pointed end of the paper x is placed in the fork the axle a¹ makes
several revolutions (as hereinafter described) and thus winds the paper up in form
and c descend
of spiral. During the short stop following hereupon, the knives
c¹ separates the mouth piece from the ribbon and bends the end cut off so that the
mouth piece when introduced in the cylindrical paper shell or wrapper receives a
perfectly round shape and y prepares the pointed end of the following mouth piece.
After the axle a¹ has made several revolutions and finished winding up the mouth
piece spiral, it again stops and the slide d¹ moving in the guides e¹ in parallel
direction with the axle a¹ by means of the lever f and the cam g¹ introduces the
mouth piece into the cylindrical paper shell. Before this the conical projection of
the plate y enters into the opposite end of the cylindrical paper shell (Figures 1, 2
and 7) it being brought into this position by the plate 21 of the tongs which
slide in guides (Figure 7). The said projection prevents the paper shell from
moving in the directing of its axis at the time of introducing the mouth piece.
The axle a¹ stops three times whilst one mouth piece is made; this is obtained by
a system of toothed wheels h¹¹¹ (Figures 1 and 3) and the disc m' with bow
shaped slots and segments n¹ and also by the circumstance that several teeth are
wanting in three places of the toothed wheel h¹. The shears y and c¹ are pivoted

page_text: on the axles o' and p¹ (Figure 1) their lower halves are immovable. The upper
branch of the shears c¹ (gearing with the upper branch of the shears y) receives its
swinging motion up and down on the axle p₁ from the lever q' and the cam 7¹. The
cylindric segment or catch t¹ (Figure 3) provided with indentations pressing
underneath against the freely revolving plain wheel 8' and moving from the right
to the left moves forward the paper ribbon for the mouth picces. This gradual
motion is obtained by means of the catch t¹a pinion a toothed rod u³ and the
rod ; by this motion the mouth piece paper is placed in the fork of the axle a¹.
Simultaneously with the aforesaid operations the tobacco is prepared for filling
in the paper shell as follows: On the endless ribbon v₁ is placed a sufficiently thick
layer of tobacco; the ribbon v¹ (Figures 1 and 2) is on the lower cylinder x¹ which
is at a certain interval from the upper cylinder. This interval can be altered by
raising or lowering the bearings of the lower cylinder. Both cylinders are put in
rotating motion by the pinions y¹ (Figure 2) the axle z¹ which is provided with two
endless screws and the pin all fixed on the shaft A and revolving together with the
same. The ribbon v¹ during one revolution of the shaft A forwards a quantity of
tobacco just sufficient to fill one paper shell. The tobacco issuing from the
cylinders ¹ moves along the prismatic channel 611 whose upper part is provided
with an aperture through which passes the knife c¹ (Figure 6) separating the
quantity of tobacco required for one cigarette. This separated quantity of tobacco
falls in the cylindric channel f* placed alongside whose cover y as well as the
knife care lowered and raised by means of the lever d" and the pin el fixed to
the shaft A. Upon the tobacco's entering in the semi-cylindric channel f' the
cover of the latter comes down and gives the tobacco a cylindrical form. The
tuber with the paper sbell provided with its mouth piece is then shifted to the
closed channel f whereupon the latter with its cover sliding in their guides g11
(Figures 1 and 6) are moved forward by means of the lever h₁ and the eccentric "
as far as to permit the conical end of the channel to enter into the paper shell for
about a quarter of an inch. At that moment this end of the paper shell is clasped
by the tongs k (Figures 1 and 7) whose fore ends are provided with india rubber
holders and which act by aid of the lever 11 the rod m¹¹ which is provided with
two cans (Figure 2) and of the bow shaped plate m* fixed on the disc v. As soon
as the paper shell is thus firmly held on the conical end of the channel f* the
pusher p moving in the tube q by means of the levers 11 the rod s¹¹ and the
eccentric (Figure 1) is put in motion and drives the tobacco into the paper tube.
The pusher p remains a certain time at rest and the plate n¹¹ (Figure 7) turning
over (by the aid of the axle s the lever and the cam u* fixed on the shaft A)
opens the tongs. Hereupon the tobacco channel f' and likewise the pusher p" and
the tongs begin to return to their former position. After the pusher p¹¹ is moved
backwards a part of the tobacco introduced into the paper shell issues from its open
end. Then the tube with the cigarette moves forward and at the next stoppage
the knife (Figure 2) fixed on the rod m¹¹ and the knife on the disc v
approach the end of the cigarette and cut the issuing tobacco evenly. After the
next shifting of the tube the pusher wll (Figures 1 and 8) by means of the lever ¹¹
acting on the projection 2111 of the rod s¹ drives from the tuber the ready made
cigarette.
From this description it will be seen that cigarettes are produced automatically
and without any hand work whatever by means of the machine herein before
described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. The mechanism for forming the paper shells or wrappers with its contrivances
for holding the paper substantially as described and illustrated at Figure 4.
2. The apparatus for removing the superfluous paste from the roller (Figure 9).
3. The forked axle for forming the spiral mouth piece (Figure 5).

page_text: 4. The tongs for retaining the paper shell or wrapper on the tobacco channel
(Figure 7).
5. The knives for cutting away the superfluous tobacco issuing from the paper
shell or wrapper (Figure 2).
6. The general construction of machinery for making cigarettes substantially as
described and illustrated in the drawings.