matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Hughes at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th March 1876.
HENRY HUGHES, of Leicester, in the County of Leicester.
TRAM OR ROAD LOCOMOTIVES."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
My Invention relates more particularly to improvements upon the apparatus
described in the Provisional Specification to my application for Letters Patent
dated the 31st January 1876, No. 390, and consists in the employment of means of
drawing off the vapour arising from the water of condensation, which is discharged
into the lower tank or receiver referred to in the said Provisional Specification.
In carrying out my present Invention I provide apertures in the cover or upper
part of the said lower tank or receiver for the admission of atmospheric air, and
form a passage or communication between the tank or receiver and the ash-pit
(which is either wholly or partially closed) or other convenient part of the fire-box,
so that by the natural draught of the chimney (aided if necessary by a steam blast
supplied direct from the boiler) air is drawn into the tank or receiver through the
apertures before mentioned, and conducted thence into the ash-pit or fire. A
current is thus maintained through the tank, whereby the vapour from the water
of condensation is drawn away and rendered invisible, and the whole or a portion
of the air required for combustion in the fire-box is passed through the tank and
heated, and the temperature of the tank lowered by the abstraction of the caloric in
heating the air, whilst all escape of vapour from the tank through its apertures is
also prevented by means of the indraught. The surplus steam from the boiler duo
to excess of pressure may also be conducted from the safety valve into the passage
communicating between the tank and the fire-box, and mixed with the air and
vapour, and conducted into the fire so as to prevent any emission of steam from the
engine into the atmosphere.
If required the vapour may be drawn off direct into the smoke box in lieu of
being conducted into the fire-box.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING TEA AND COFFEE POTS AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Ager at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 21st April 1876.
GEORGE AGER, of No. 50, Wellington Road, Stoke Newington, in the County
of Middlesex, LL.D. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING TEA AND
COFFEE POTS AND OTHER VESSELS."
The object of the Invention is to facilitate the maintenance of the temperature of
tea, coffee and other matters in pots or vessels without the necessity for the use of
internal heaters or external light thereto.
For this purpose I employ a stand for the support of the pot or other vessel
to be heated, and this stand is formed as a chamber standing on legs or feet, so as
to raise it some short distance from the table or other place upon which for the
time it is resting. This chamber is provided with a receiver to contain a cast
iron or such like heater, and between the bottom of this receiver and the bottom
of the chamber I apply paper or paper pulp saturated with clay or other non-con-
ductor of heat, or 1 apply other non-conducting material at such part, or I leave
space for the free passage of air at such part to act as a non-conductor. The sur-
face of the chamber is provided with an openwork cover to facilitate the safe
support of the pot or vessel to be heated.
By these means simplicity of arrangement and working are attained with
reduction of risk in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER OR RINK SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Allix at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st June 1876.
GEORGE ALLIX, of the Isle of Dogs, in the County of Middlesex, Shipwright.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER OR RINK SKATES."
The object of these improvements is to enable roller or rink skates to be used in
a similar manner to the ordinary ice skate, that is to say, when it is desired to move
in a curved direction the whole skate is canted instead of the foot board only being
tilted as is the case with ordinary roller skates.
In carrying out my improvements I employ preferably a broad roller placed at
the toe and heel ends of the skate, such rollers being grooved in the middle; these
rollers are of a curved or conical form on their peripheries, and turn on axles fixed
in vertical bearings pivotted to the foot board of the skate. In the front of the
roller at the toe end of the skate, and behind the roller at the heel end of the skate,
is a horizontal forked lever pivotted to a rod fixed in the foot board; the ends of
these forked levers pass over and slide on the axles of the rollers respectively.
Suitable india-rubber springs are provided for keeping the rollers in their normal
position. By this construction of roller skate if the skate be canted the rollers are
caused to slide on their axles, thereby pressing against and moving the forked
levers, which cause the bearings to turn on their pivots so as to incline the axles,
and thereby cause the skate to move in a curved direction.
A modified construction of the skate consists in employing fixed bearings with
curved or bent axles. The rollers slide on the axles, and are hollowed to receive
spiral springs, which pass over the axles and press against suitable stops on the
axles. The ends of the rollers are provided with hardened steel plates. The forked
lever herein-before described may or may not be employed with this arrangement.
AN IMPROVED HORSE REIN HOLDER
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ada Sarah Ware at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th October 1876.
ADA SARAH WARE, of 30, Saint Martin's Lane, London, in the County of Middle-
"AN IMPROVED HORSE REIN HOLDER."
sex.
This Invention is designed to furnish a means of fastening the reins by which
horses drawing carraiges or any other vehicles are driven, and thus avoiding the
accidents which so frequently result from the want of such means and from the.
falling of the reins when not held by the driver.
The improved rein holder consists of a thin plate of iron or other metal, about
eight inches by five inches, affixed to the dash board, or to some other convenient
part of the carriage by hooks attached to the plate, and by straps passed through
holes in the plate; or by the plate being perforated round the edge it can be sewn
to the dash board. Attached to the plate is a spring which can be readily pulled
back so as to allow of the rein being passed between it and the plate, and then
when the hand is removed the spring falls back upon the reins and holds them
securely.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SIZE
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th December 1876. A com-
munication from abroad by Harald Thaulow, of Paris, France.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middle-
sex, Patent Agent. "AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SIZE." A
communication from abroad by Harald Thaulow, of Paris, France.
This Invention relates to an improved process of converting horse and other
animal hair, wool, horns, leather, bristles, fish cartilages, and other animal matters
into clear and pure gelatine, glue, or size.
It is known that horse and other hair, wool, horn, leather, bristles, fish car-
tilages, and other animal matters on which boiling water and steam at the ordinary
atinospheric pressure have no action arc converted into a liquid by steam at a pres-
sure of two atmospheres; but this liquid has been hitherto useless asa glue, or size,
or dressing, as it is of the color and consistency of tar, and has a foetid odor which
all attempts have hitherto failed to remove.
By the process of this Invention I am enabled to extract from this black
animal tar clear and perfectly pure size; by black animal tar I mean the product
resulting from the action of steam at a pressure of several atmospheres on bristles,
animal and human hair, wool, horns, leather, fish cartilages, aud such animal sub-
stances. By analysis of this tarry substance it has been found not homogeneous, as
would be supposed, but is a mixture consisting, 1st, of a matter soluble in water;
2nd, of a substance in a powdered or divided condition, insoluble in water; 3rd, of
ammoniacal salts. The latter do not however accompany the solution as would be
expected from their nature, but on the contrary fix themselves on the powder.
Guided by this discovery the following process has been invented for converting
this foetid tarry matter, hitherto used only as manure, into a clear and pure size.
The method of effecting this conversion consists in mixing the black animal tar
with two parts of water and a fortieth part of blood, then boiling the mixture and
filtering through wool. The filtered liquor is cooled to 40° Centigrade; I then add
to it an eightieth part of blood and boil for a few minutes; the liquid is again
filtered, and is then entirely freed of its fætid odor, and only requires to be evapo-
rated to yield merchantable size.
By this method of treatment a part of the carbon and nitrogenised matter are
separated, leaving the gelatine, which constitutes the glue or size.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING THE ORNAMENTAL CLOCKING' ON HOSIERY GOODS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Arthur Paget at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th September 1876. Partly a com-
munication from abroad by George William Gregory, of Boston, one of the
United States of America, Engineer.
FREDERICK ARTHUR PAGET, of 4, Great Tower Street, in the City of London,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING THE ORNAMENTAL CLOCKING' ON
HOSIERY GOODS." Partly a communication from abroad by George William
Gregory, of Boston, one of the United States of America, Engineer.
This Invention relates to stockings or hose, and has reference to a novel process
of producing the ornamental "clocking" at the sides of the stocking legs above
the ankle, and also the ornamental work sometimes made on the front of the
stockings.
This Invention also relates to a stocking as a new mode of manufacture when the
ornamental "clocking" or other similar ornamentation is produced by printing
rather than by embroidering. Stockings known as "Balbriggan" have the sides of
the legs both the inner and outer sides, as also sometimes their fronts embroidered
with silk or worsted,and in various colours. This embroidering usually extends as a
single vertical stripe with an ornamental top part, while at the ankle the orna-
mental "clocking," so called, is forked, one branch extending forward along the side
of the foot, and the other extending downward on the lower part of the heel. On
some more ornamental stockings similar ornamentation is also made to extend up
the front about the instep.
The clocking is usually of silk, a thread of silk being applied about one or more
knitted wales by means of an ordinary sewing needle. This clocking has also been
applied by means of a sewing machine, but the sewing machine stitch does not resemblo
the hand stitch, and it is not therefore an imitation of the "Balbriggan" stitch;
applying the "clocking" stitch by hand is an expensive process, and the clocking is
therefore principally applied to the better classes of stockings.
The object of this Invention is to apply an ornamental "clocking" or stripe or
stripes to a stocking quickly and with but little expense, and at the same time
produce a stocking which is highly ornamental. To do this the "clocking" is
printed upon the stocking by means of a type, the colours being applied preferably
as pigment colours which are suitably fixed or set.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FEEDING WHAT ARE COMMONLY CALLED CUT NAIL MACHINES."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Dimelow at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd March 1876.
ss
JAMES DIMELOW, of Dukenfield, in the County of Chester, Mechanic. IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FEEDING WHAT ARE COMMONLY CALLED CUT NAIL
MACHINES."
In feeding cut nail machines, as ordinarily practised by hand, it well known
that the strip of metal to be fed is carried by a "clam stick," which has to be moved
forward and backward and turned a half revolution between each cut.
My Invention consists in a method of accomplishing these movements by
mechanical means. In front of the machine I place a frame which carries the
clam stick," and upon the said "clam stick" is a pinion which is caused to turn a
half revolution by a rack or other suitable contrivance driven from any convenient
moving part of the machine. One of the supports of the "clam stick" carries a
cain, against which a finger on the said "clam stick" works as the turning over
takes place, and by these means the strip of metal is drawn backward. In order to
allow the feeding to take place, as the strip of metal becomes cut away the "clam
stick" is weighted in the forward direction, but is prevented from so moving while
being turned by its finger bearing against the aforesaid cam, which is for the time
fixed by a clamp or similar means; but when the feeding is required, the said clamp
is released, and then the "clam stick" is drawn forward by its weight; to allow
the advance of the "clam stick and its simultaneous turning it is provided with a
slot, into which there projects a key extending from the pinion by which rotatory
movement is imparted. When the whole strip of metal has been cut up the "clam
stick" is run back until the key way is free of the driving key.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO STABLE FITTINGS AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew McLaren at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th May 1876.
ANDREW MCLAREN, of 174, Upper Thames Street, in the City of London, Hot
Water Engineer and Stable Fittings Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND
APPLICABLE TO STABLE FITTINGS AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to improvements in and applicable to stable fittings and
other similar purposes, and consists in fitting a socket piece having ears or projec-
tions on the under side to rest upon a foundation, say of brickwork or masonry, so
that a space is left for the insertion of bolts, which can be fitted into radial slots
springing from a central hole in the socket piece to adjust the bolts to apertures or
bolt holes in the base flange of an upright or column at the end of a partition or
division of a horse's stall, such column having at its lower end a terminal to drop
into the central hole of the socket piece to centralise it, the bolts being then fastened
down by nuts upon the top face. The column is hollow, and is surmounted by a
ball or other ornamental device, projections being upon the stem for the reception
of the top rail and the fillet rib, which may be cut away at parts to enable the
partition boards to be taken out or replaced when desired without interfering with
the partition as a whole.
Instead of projections being on the stem holes can be cast in and then the hand
rail and fillet rib can be inserted to hold them in place.
The Invention is applicable to stalls and also to loose boxes, and by an arrange-
ment of the parts connected a stall can be converted into a loose box or vice versu.
The column can be removed when desired and a false plate be screwed down
upon the socket piece. If the column is used for other purposes, which it may be,
say for a gate post, I attach the pintles by which the gate is hung to the column
and step the gate into the socket piece to ensure its vertical and swinging position.
If I use the column for a verandah upright I attach the spandrail or beam to it by
screws or otherwise.
The column with the socket piece can be used as a temporary upright for many
other purposes.
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TAPS AND COCKS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Enoch Simcos at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th June 1876.
"IM-
ENOCH SIMCOX, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Moulder.
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TAPS AND COCKS."
This Invention refers to the manufacture of metal taps and cocks of all kinds,
and cousists in producing them by the process termed chill casting or casting in
metal moulds.
In carrying out my Invention I employ the usual chill moulds to produce the
plug of the tap, which plug I afterwards use as a case, round which
barrel.
cast the
I also lay in the mould in which the barrel is to be cast round the plug one or
inore junction pipes, which are thus cast into the tap simultaneously with the
formation of the barrel; as soon as the casting is set I knock out the plug, and the
cast barrel then sinks slightly, which sinking will compensate for the necessary
grinding of the plug, and thus allow it to be truly fitted.
I also cast upon the small end of the plug the screw pin ready screwed to receive
a six square nut, and thus avoid the usual drilling or tapping. The cock or tap is
thus produced without boring or turning, or the use of the lathe at all.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO DOORS AND WINDOWS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Ritchie and James Hawkins
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, on the 8th April 1876.
GEORGE RITCHIE, Manufacturer, and JAMES HAWKINS, Manufacturer, both of
Hounslow, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO
DOORS AND WINDOWS."
The object of our Invention is the more complete closing and fastening when
necessary the door or window, or the doorway or window frame, to which it is
applied, in such manner that the door or window swings or otherwise opens and
closes perfectly easily and freely over a carpet, mat, or other projection or inter-
ruption against its edge when open, but at the same time has its area or surface
extended or enlarged when closed, so as completely to fill up the doorway or frame
within which it fits.
Our Invention is applicable to inner or outer doors swinging or otherwise opening
and closing outwards and inwards over a carpet, mat, or other surface or floor, and by
its use drafts or currents of air as well as dust or water are more completely excluded
when the door or window is closed than in such doors and windows as ordinarily
constructed and used. For this purpose we arrange one or more sliding pieces of
wood or other suitable material which fit into or within the ordinary surface of the
door or window (or door frame or window frame) either at one or more of its top
and bottom and side edges, and are retained in their position by means of one or
more metal or other springs or weights when the door or window is open. When
the door or window is closed this sliding piece (or pieces) is made to drop down or
protrude from the edge of the door by means of cains, levers, or other convenient
means (with or without friction rollers) so arranged that the action of closing the
door or window against the door frame or window frame causes them to actuato
the sliding piece or pieces as described, and thus to extend the surface of the door
or window sash, as and for the purpose first described, or the sliding piece or pieces
may be actuated by hand. The sliding piece or pieces when protruded as described
may be fixed by a key or bolt so as to fasten securely the door or window sash.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HATS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Taylor, Benjamin Taylor, and
Alfred Taylor at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th
November 1876.
'
JOSEPH TAYLOR, BENJAMIN TAYLOR, and ALFRED TAYLOR, all of Heaton Norris,
in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HATS."
The object of this Invention is to add to the utility and convenience of a hat by
combining therewith certain toilet requisites, that is to say, a small looking glass
and a case or pocket containing a small dressing comb.
Inside of the crown of the hat, and either attached to the tip or lining or to the
hat itself, we fix a small looking glass, in combination with which is a case for
containing a small dressing comb. The comb can be removed from the case, used,
and replaced as an ordinary pocket comb. The wearer of the hat will thus at all
times have these useful articles at hand, and hence the utility and convenience of
the hat will be greatly enhanced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Edward Stirling at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st March 1876.
CHARLES EDWARD STIRLING, of 11, Albert Mansions, Westminster, in the County
of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES."
This Invention consists in constructing roller skates in the following manner :-
For the purposes of this Invention it is proposed to employ two rollers or wheels
for the skate to run upon. The said rollers are arranged in a line with the centre
of the sole or foot stock of the skate near the extremeties thereof, to which they
may be connected by the following means:-Through the centre of each of the
aforesaid rollers I pass an axle for the roller to rotate upon, and I connect each of
these axles to the lower ends of fork-shaped bent brackets, the upper part of which
is to be fixed to the under side of the sole of the skate. I also connect the front
and back axles together by side rods, and make the aforesaid brackets flexible, to
enable the rollers to move sideways or from right to left by the rocking movement
of the sole or foot stock as follows:-To the under side of the sole of the skate, and
midway between the axes of the rollers thereof, and near the side of the said solc,
I affix studs, one of which, as the sole is rocked or moved over by the side pressure
exerted thercon by the skater, will press the said stud against the rod at that side
of the skate which it is desired to move out of a straight line, and thus cause the
axles of the rollers to converge and enable them and the skate to move in a curved
direction, and in like manner the skate may be caused to move in an opposite
curved direction by exerting pressure upon the opposite side of the sole or foot stock
as above described. Upon such side pressure being removed the sole and rollers
will, by means of springs suitably placed, assume their normal position to enable
the skate to move in a direct or straight line. And it is this peculiar manner of
connecting together the rollers of roller skates to enable the skate to move in a
curved direction which constitutes the feature of novelty and improvement in this
Invention.
AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR USE IN TREATING HOP, VINE, AND OTHER PLANTS FOR THE PREVENTION AND CURE OF BUG, SMUT, AND OTHER PARASITES AND FUNGII
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Octavius Francis Peall, James William
Roy, and Peter Dorward at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
6th June 1876.
OCTAVIUS FRANCIS PEALL, JAMES WILLIAM ROY, and PETER DORWARD, all of
No. 37, St. Mary Axe, in the City of London. "AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR
USE IN TREATING HOP, VINE, AND OTHER PLANTS FOR THE PREVENTION AND
CURE OF BUG, SMUT, AND OTHER PARASITES AND FUNGII."
In carrying out our improvements we combine oil or a solution of fatty matter
with potash, soda, or ammonia, either caustic or as a carbonate, and mix therewith
sulphite of potash, or soda, or of ammonia, or of lime, or carbolic acid.
Cotton or other seed oil, whale, or other animal oil or fatty matter will answer
the purpose, and to one gallon of either of such oils or fat we add, say, 2 lbs. of
caustic potash, or, say, 3 lbs. of caustic soda, or 2 gallons of fluid ammonia of the
strength 880.
In using a carbonate in place of a caustic about three times the quantity will be
used.
In either case we dissolve the combination obtained in six gallons of water.
To the solution thus obtained we add a sulphite, say, 3 lbs. of sulphito of soda,
potash, or ammonia, or lime; or in place of adding a sulphite we sometimes add
carbolic acid alone or combined with other matters in the proportion of, say, one to
twenty parts of the above.
We do not confine ourselves to these proportions, as they may be varied in
different cases.
In place of the sulphites a weak solution of sulphurous acid may be employed.
A concentrated solution thus obtained is for use further diluted by mixing, say,
about one part thereof to from twelve to twenty or more parts of water, and wo
find it better to apply such solution in finely divided streams over the whole of the
plant to be treated.
In place of the oil or fatty matter, starch, gelatine, or glue, or other gelatinous or
glutinous matter may be used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING AND DOUBLING
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bottomley and Samuel Smith
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd November 1876.
JOHN BOTTOMLEY, of Bradford, in the County of York, Doubler, and SAMUEL
SMITH, of Low Bridge Works, Keighley, in the aforesaid County. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN SPINNING AND DOUBLING."
This Invention relates to fitting a bush or collar on the head of the flyer in which
the head of the flyer runs or rotates, by which means the flyer is kept steady and
may be run at a much higher speed than heretofore. For this purpose on the roller
rail we fit brackets to each spindle; these brackets are formed with hinges to enable
the lifting of the front part of the brackets for placing and removing the bobbins ;
the front of the brackets are formed with bosses, in which are fitted bushes or collars
made by preference of lignum vitae.
After placing a bobbin on the spindle the bracket is lowered and the bush or
collar passed over the head of the flyer forming the bearing in which the flyer runs
or rotates; a slit or opening is made in the top part of the spindle, and also in the
head of the flyer through which passes the thread or yarn; the brackets dispense
with the top board. The flyer being kept steady may run at a very great speed,
preventing vibration of the flyer and spindle.
We also employ for doubling a cup made with a recessed bottom, in which is
fitted a tube, and over which is passed the bobbin; when the bobbin is placed in
the cup a cap is fitted or placed on the top of the bobbin, forming a cover over the
cup, leaving an opening between the inside of the cup and cap through which
passes the thread or yarn to be doubled; the inside of the cap is made with a small
tube which fits in the bobbin top, holding the cap in position.
The cup is employed for doubling threads or yarn before passing through the
drawing off rollers, and is fitted on the top of the first bobbin; the yarn or thread
coming from the lower bobbin joins the yarn and thread coming from the top bobbin
near the cap, and thus allows of running at a very great speed, and twisting the
most tender thread or yarn.
AN IMPROVED DEVICE FOR SUPPORTING STOCKINGS.
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edward Newton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th August 1876. A comminunication
from abroad by Féréol Dedieu, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 60, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "AN IMPROVED DEVICE FOR SUPPORTING
STOCKINGS.
The object of this Invention is to improve the means for suspending or
supporting stockings, so that the inconvenience attendant upon wearing the
ordinary garters may be obviated.
Garters as at present worn, either above or below the knee, are found to hinder
the free circulation of the blood, thereby causing the feet of the wearer to swell, and
inducing extreme lassitude while walking.
The stocking suspenders or supporters made according to this Invention obviate
the above inconveniences and form at once an easy and efficient means for keeping
the stocking well in place.
The stocking suspender is composed of a belt or band of silk, or other suitable
elastic or non-elastic material; and to the lower end of this belt or band is attached
a slide for regulating the length of the suspender. The upper end of the belt or
band is passed through the slide, so as to form a loop, which is provided with a
clasp having a swivel pin upon its axis. This swivel pin takes into the top of the
stocking, and when in place its point is covered by a hooked or bent portion of the
clasp, thereby preventing it from scratching the wearer or catching in any part of
the attire.
If desired the clasp may be replaced by a buckle, the teeth of which enter the
top of the stocking; and the points of the teeth are covered by a bar, which is
pivotted to the buckle.
•
The upper end of the suspender band is provided with a hook to take into one
of a series of holes made in a waist band or belt, which may be worn round the
hips, or it may take into one of a series of holes formed on the lower edge of the
corset.
The hook may if desired be replaced by a slide, through which the waist band
or belt may be passed, so that the position of the suspender or supporter may be
varied to suit the convenience of the wearer.
IMPROVED TANDEM DOG CART."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Carpenter and John Sabell at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th July 1876.
JOSEPH CARPENTER and JOHN SABELL, trading under the Firm of "Carpenter
<< AN
and Sabell," at Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Coach Makers.
IMPROVED TANDEM DOG CART."
In a dog cart constructed according to our Invention the driving seat is
moveable, and is so constructed that it may at pleasure be adjusted in any desired
position.
°
For the purposes of our Invention we attach to the under side of the driving seat
in a longitudinal direction a plate of metal, which has suitable apertures or per-
forations provided therein, and in which a stud or bolt is caused to take and so to
hold the said driving seat in position, as herein-after explained. The stud or bolt
is acted upon by a horizontal rod, which at its outer end is provided for this purpose
with a suitable land lever and rack, and when it is desired to move the seat the
said hand lever is forced back, and thus the said horizontal bar is caused to make
a part revolution, and this in its turn withdraws the said bolt and the seat is then
free to slide on its bearings (these being either rollers or slides), and when the hand
lever is returned to its normal position the said bolt is forced by a suitable spring
into that particular aperture or perforation in the metal plate which is above it,
and is held therein.
The second part of our Invention relates to the back seat. When this is not in
use its appearance is that of an ordinary panel, but when required for use it is by
means of a suitable handle or other mechanical contrivance opened upwards, it
being hinged at its back part. The support or piece of wood to which the said
panel is attached is fitted in slides and is then drawn forwards, and the seat being
then turned over, and being "upholstered" on its under side (which now becomes
the upper side), a convenient seat is provided.
PROVEMENTS IN. THE MANUFACTURE OF LENO, GAUZE, OR MUSLIN CURTAINS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Pollock at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th March 1876.
"
IM-
THOMAS POLLOCK, of Newmilns, in the County of Ayr, North Britain.
PROVEMENTS IN. THE MANUFACTURE OF LENO, GAUZE, OR MUSLIN CURTAINS."
This Invention, which relates to improvements in the manufacture of leno, gauze,
or muslin curtains, has for its object to make a stronger union at the points where
the weft and warp intersect one another, than is the case with curtains of these
classes as at present manufactured, and whereby a lighter ground or body may be
used.
This object is effected by the use of double case mounting heddles or healds, and
with back-eyed standard split full harness.
In connexion with the double case mounting "doups" are used, which, as the
mounting is operated by the jacks, levers, or their equivalent, twist the warp threads
continuously over the weft at each shedding of the warp, as will be understood by
the practical weaver, and thus the warp threads completely embrace the weft,
thereby securely holding the warp threads at their proper or required distances
apart, thus maintaining the equality of the squares constituting the ground.
By means of this Invention a second object is attained, namely, that the flowering
or figuring of the cloth in combination with the light ground or body, herein-before
described, stands out with a bolder appearance or relief than with curtains as at
present woven. This improved effect is due to the very light and open structure
of the ground or body produced according to this Invention, and this effect is
or may be intensified by the use of a coarse rove for the flowering or figuring
portions.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CLEANSING, PURIFYING, OR REVIVIFYING THE SPENT ACID OR CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS OR MATERIALS USED FOR PICKLING METAL PLATES, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard James Hutchings at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th October 1876.
RICHARD JAMES HUTCHINGS, of Treforest, in the County of Glamorgan, South
Wales. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CLEANSING, PURIFYING, OR REVIVIFYING THE SPENT
ACID OR CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS OR MATERIALS USED FOR PICKLING METAL
PLATES, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
My Invention refers to mode or means whereby the acids, or acid mixtures, or
other chemical compounds used in pickling metal plates may be recovered and
rendered suitable for being used over again and again for the same or similar
purpose; and the Invention substantially consists in subjecting the said used
inaterials to the action of filtering, condensing, or distilling, either together or
separately.
A filter suitable for the purpose of my Invention may be composed of bricks,
fire-clay, and sand, or of any other suitable material, into which the acid or acid
mixtures is or are run, and subsequently into other vessels, such as lead pans, or
pans made of other material suitable for the purpose. The material thus treated
may be afterwards boiled, or distilled, or otherwise rectified. The acid or other
chemical composition thus treated may be used for cleaning metal plates, or for any
other purpose for which it may be suitable.
Sometimes the filtering treatment without the subsequent treatment of boiling
or distilling will be found sufficient for the purposes of my Invention.
In some cases I subject the acid or chemical composition to the process of con-
densation by running the same into a lead pan or pans, or still or stills, and therein
heated or boiled and condensed by means of pipes in connection with the still or
stills, pan or pans, through a cistern or cisterns containing water or other liquid for
condensing.
It must be understood that I do not limit myself to the particular means
described for filtering, rectifying, or condensing, the same having only been
described in illustration of a convenient way of carrying my Invention into effect.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SAWING MACHINES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Richards at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th January 1876.
JOHN RICHARDS, of Adelphi, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SAWING MACHINES."
This Invention relates to sawing machines having a reciprocating motion and
adapted to cross cutting or slitting wood in straight lines, and also to sawing curved
or irregular lines.
According to this Invention the saw is operated without tension or straining by
having one end rigidly held in a reciprocating guide or stick, preferably working in
a packed and oiled box, the other end being guided and supported by means of
stationary guides of hard material.
'
The framing of the niachine is made hollow and arranged to enclose a pneumatic
fan or other mechanism for creating a current of air, the same being conducted
to the saw through the hollow framing without employing special conducting
pipes.
The Invention includes also a stop motion for such sawing machines, consisting
of a screw which acts as a break on the crank wheel, the screw being actuated by
means of the same mechanism which shifts the driving band.
The table of the machine has a concave seat and is pivotted on the franie of the
machine, and can be adjusted and set to any required angle.
AN IMPROVED FURNITURE CASTOR
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Fitchew Cuttler at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd May 1876.
ISAAC FITCHEW CUTTLER, of Barrow-in-Furness, in the County of Lancaster.
"AN IMPROVED FURNITURE CASTOR."
My Invention relates to an improved furniture castor which combines simplicity
and lightness of construction with neatness and strength, the point of support being
directly beneath the point of attachment to the table, chair, or other article of
furniture, all leverage being thus avoided.
My Invention consists in the employment, instead of the ordinary roller and
horns, of a sphere of glass or other hard material fitting loosely in a corresponding
hemispherical inverted cup or socket in which it is free to revolve in any direction
when the table or other article of furniture is moved about. The sphere is retained
in the cup or socket by a ring or collar which encircles the lower part of the sphere
and through which a portion of the sphero protrudes and rests upon the floor. The
socket is attached to the leg of the table, chair, or other article in the ordinary way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METHODS OF AND APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING INCRUSTATION IN STEAM BOILERS AND OTHER ANALAGOUS STRUCTURES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Phillips Thompson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th March 1876. A communication
from abroad by Eugene Leloup, of Bruxelles, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON, of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN METHODS OF
AND APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING INCRUSTATION IN STEAM BOILERS AND OTHER
ANALAGOUS STRUCTURES." A communication from abroad by Eugene Leloup, of
Bruxelles, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
This Invention consists in a method of and apparatus for preventing the
incrustation in boilers by means of electricity.
Great numbers of attempts have been made in this direction, but all have failed
from one or other of three causes; either they attemped to generate the electricity
in the boiler itself, they did not insulate the source of electricity from the boiler, or
they used such a small electrode in the boiler that the resistance was too great to
be of much use. Now my Invention consists,-
1st. In suspending in the water of a boiler and insulated from the shell or flues
thereof a large surface of metal. It can be in the form either of metallic tubes or
rods, or of metallic plates hanging vertically or fixed in wooden supports in such
manner as to obstruct as little as possible the circulation of the water or efflux of
steaan.
2nd. In connecting these tubes, rods, or plates electrically with the negative
pole of a galvanic battery by means of a wire passing through the shell of the
boiler and insulated therefrom, and connecting the boiler itself with the positive
pole.
3rd. It is found that a current being started through the wires the scale ceases
forming and adhering to the shell of the boiler, but it forms by preference on the
electrode. Of course if the electrode be very small it soon gets completely furred
up, and in those cases where a minute piece of surface has been kept free from scale
by constant friction, the resistance of the water round that small part makes it
comparatively inoperative.
PROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Field at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th November 1876.
« IM-
WILLIAM FIELD, of Sparkbrook, in the County of Warwick, Gun Maker.
PROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS."
My Invention has for its object improvements in breech-loading fire-arms, and is
especially designed as an improvement upon the arm known as the Martini-Henry
rifle and other similar arms. I form a diagonal slot on one or both sides of the
breech block.
The hand lever for lowering and raising the block works outside the action body
upon an axis pin which passes through the body independent of the tumbler or
hammer, carrying also a single sided or forked lever with a horn or horns formed on
the end inwards, which fit into the slot or slots in the side or sides of the breech
block, and thus by forcing the lever forward the block is lowered, and by bringing
the lever back the block is replaced in its position ready for firing.
I shall generally apply a spring catch in the side of the block to hold the forked
and hand lever in position. I also attach a safety lever for locking the tumbler or
hammer in the position ready for firing by passing a pin through the guard under
the tumbler and turned upwards outside the action body, the end being formed for
the finger or thumb; this pin has a projecting piece on its side inside the action,
which when turned upwards takes into a recess in the tumbler or hammer, thus
locking it in order that the hand lever and breech block may be safely worked
while the gun is in the firing position. By this arrangement I am enabled to bring
the trigger nearer the hand, thus allowing a better grasp of the weapon and the free
use of the forefinger. This arrangement of appliances or parts also allows me to
secure a very much longer travel for the needle (about double that of the Martini-
Henry) and thus to use a much lighter spring than is used in the aforesaid
Martini-Henry, which also has the effect of allowing the breech block to be worked
casier and ensuring a safer pull of the trigger by lessening the weight on the sear
nose.
The hand lever, forked lever, and safety lever, called appliances, as also the

page_text: improvement in the block of diagonal slots are also applicable to guns with an
ordinary flat mainspring.
As the breech block is opened by the forward motion of the lever there is much
time saved in loading, and it will be of especial advantage to cavalry soldiers as the
mechanism can be worked with one hand. This arrangement would also be of
advantage for birding guns.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PREPARING HARE SKINS FOR ARTICLES OF DRESS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Reichenheim at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th July 1876.
ROBERT REICHENHEIM, of the Firm of Leopold Schwabacher, of Bread Street, in
the City of London. "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PREPARING HARE SKINS FOR
ARTICLES OF DRESS."
This Invention consists in an improved method of preparing hare skins whereby
they are rendered more durable and far better in appearance than hare skins pre-
pared as heretofore.
The following is an example of my said Invention:-I take a harc skin after it
has been dressed and dyed in the usual way and having wetted it with warm water
stretch it on a board, and when dry I cement to the back of the said skin calico or
other suitable material so as to form a lining. In order to soften the hair I comb,
iron, or steam it, and then soak in a solution composed of potash and olive oil.
Hare skins treated as above will be found ready for use.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EXAMINING INTO CASKS AND OTHER PARTIALLY CLOSED VESSELS OR RECEPTACLES TO ASCERTAIN THEIR CONDITION
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clubb at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th March 1876.
"IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EXAMINING INTO CASKS AND OTHER PARTIALLY CLOSED
VESSELS OR RECEPTACLES TO ASCERTAIN THEIR CONDITION."
JOHN CLUBB, of Burton-upon-Trent, in the County of Stafford.
My Invention consists of an adjustable jointed frame holding a small lamp and a
reflector or reflectors, so constructed as to admit of being passed through the bung
hole of a cask or a small opening in any other closed or partially closed vessel or
receptacle. The lamp being lighted, the interior of the vessel may be examined
without difficulty.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAIN PIPES, AND FOR THE ADAPTATION OF SUCH PIPES FOR THE CONVEYANCE OF GAS AND WATER
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Blissett Whitton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th December 1876.
WILLIAM BLISSETT WHITTON, of Branksea Island, in the County of Dorset,
Potter. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAIN PIPES, AND FOR THE ADAPTATION OF SUCH
PIPES FOR THE CONVEYANCE OF GAS AND WATER."
My Invention has reference to improvements in the manufacture of salt-glazed
stoneware drain pipes, and to the adaptation of such pipes for the conveyance of
gas and water, and it is such that it provides cheaper pipes than the ordinary iron
pipes now in use for the conveyance of gas and water, and it also provides for the
resistance of greater pressure than is provided by the ordinary pipes now in use for
sewage purposes, and this I propose to effect as follows:-To each end of ordinary
sewage butt pipes I add sockets of the usual shape, but placed back from instead of
at the end of the pipe, so that the end of the pipe and the end of the socket are
flush with each other. The socketted ends of the pipes are made to butt together
when laid, and within the sockets metal rings or collars are placed surrounding the
ends of the pipe, and the joints are made with cement or other plastic material. The
tube is strengthened in the centre of the length by a coil of stoneware outside.
Bends, junctions, taper pipes, and other ordinary drainage appliances are similarly
finished with flanges, and provided with metal rings as above described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR BREAKING, CRUSHING, AND GRINDING STONES, ORES, MINERALS, AND CIMENTS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Conrad Cole at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th February 1876.
JAMES CONRAD COLE, of 266, Strand, London, Civil Engineer. “IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINES FOR BREAKING, CRUSHING, AND GRINDING STONES, ORES, MINERALS,
AND CIMENTS."
"
The first part of my Invention consists in an improvement on the form of stone
breaker known as Blake's patent," and which improvement is effected by mounting
the moving ram head or breaker directly on or forming it in one piece with the
excentric case, and in providing the ram head with projections moving in slides, so
as to direct the thrust horizontally or at such angle as may be desired from the
excentric shaft. By this means the required motion is given to the ram directly
and without the intervention of any knuckle joint arrangement, thus saving parts,
size, and weight in the machine.
The second part of my Invention consists in constructing the discs of cast iron
mills or triturators altogether of chilled cast iron, and leaving in said dises such
narrow grooves of such shape and arranged in such directions and filled with such
ciment as shall be found suitable for grinding the material to be operated on. The
improvement consists in thus forming the lands of the discs solid with the discs,
and not by means of many movable strips fixed or cemented into wide grooves, as
has heretofore been practised.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BALLS FOR WHAT ARE COMMONLY CALLED BALL TAPS OR VALVES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gordon McMinnies at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th June 1876.
JOHN GORDON M°MINNIES, of Farington, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton
Spinner. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BALLS FOR WHAT ARE COMMONLY CALLED BALL TAPS
OR VALVES."
My Invention relates chiefly to ball taps or valves which are used in connection
with steam heating pipes or for other purposes in which they are subjected to heat,
and in which cases as is well known they are liable to open. The liability to this
derangement I avoid by forming the balls of glass or other such vitrified substance
in one piece, and upon which I propose to form a projecting part to which the
ordinary lever may be attached. Or in place of forming the ball entirely of glass
or other such substance, I use it simply as a covering for copper or other suitable
metal.