Year: 1885

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Oct., 1885.
Complete Left, 9th July, 1886.
Complete Accepted, 7th Jan., 1887.
I Dr. RICHARD EISENMANN of Berlin Germany, N. Great Hambourg Street 18-19
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The axis of a Gramme's ring (G) is led through a tank XX. The ring is outside
the tank, between the poles of an electro magnet (E E).
Inside the tank metal disks (P) are fixed insulated on the axis. Each disk is devided
into as many fanlike insulated divisions, (0, 0) as the Gramme's ring has coils.
Each coil of the ring is connected with the corresponding division of the disks in
the following manner.
From the ring a wire leads to one end (A) of a strip of brass fixed in an insulated
imanner on the axis.
At the other end (B) of this piece of brass the one end of a German silver wire is
attached; the wire itself is put into a little hole, made in the axis, the other end (C) is
attached to a second piece of brass-lying in the same direction, as the first, on the
axis, from the end of which a wire leads along the axis into the tank to the corre-
sponding division of the disks.
The first piece of brass above mentioned (A B) with the other pieces in connexion
with the other coils of the ring forms the usual commutator of the ring.
What is new, is the conduction of the current over the second end of the commu-
tator to the divisions (electrodes) fixed at the axis and the interpolation of resistances
between the commutator and the electrodes.
Two metal springs touch the commutator in the usual manner; they can also be
placed so, that at the same time they touch the strip of the commutator and the second
strip above mentioned. Then they cover the German silver wire and lead the current
from the first strip to the second.
On one side of the inner part of the tank the positive electrodes (Z) on the opposite
side the negative electrodes (K) of an ordinary voltaic battery (zinc, carbon) are fixed
in porous cells or without them, so that each disk (P) is turned between two positive
and two negative electrodes. The electrodes (Z, K) are provided with binding screws.
and conducting wires.

page_text: The tank is devided by several cross partitions and is filled up to the axis with
liquids and solutions of different chemical substances, so that half of each disk is
above the surface.
Outside round about the tank magnets (M M) are placed, the positive poles on one
side, the negative on the other, both on the same sides of the tank, on which the
electrodes (Z, R) are fixed. From the poles of the electrodes (Z R)-joined to a
primary battery-wires are conducted to the fixed electromagnet (E E) and from
there to the springs (fi f.) of the Gramme's ring. The poles of the electro-
magnet (E E) are so disposed, that the springs touch those strips of the
commutator, which are connected with the divisions (0, 0) of the disks (P) just
dipping down, rising respectively out of the liquid.
In consequence of this position and conduction of the currents the positive current
of the fixed battery flows from zinc (Z) through the liquid to the carbon (R) from the
carbon through the one part of the electromagnet (E) to the one-spring f₁, from there
arrived at the commutator, it devides.
The one part of the current, the strength of which is regulated by the interposed
German silver wire, passes the Gramme's ring, bringing it into motion, and goes from
the ring through the wire 180° farther (the interposed resistances hinder the exit on
any other place) on to the commutator and to the second spring (f) completing its
circuit per wires. Each copper wire is so long, that its resistance is equal to that of
the German silver wire, and is coiled round an iron ring, surrounding the axis. Even
this ring is put between the poles of magnets (L L) so that the current, passing the
copper wire, effects the same motion, as the Gramme's ring (fig. IV, V).
I claim the battery as described and particularly:
1. The immediate and stationary metallic connexion of the coils of a Gramme's ring
with electrodes.
2. The interposition in this connexion of resistances, which regulate the division of
the current in the ring and the electrodes and which prevent the current overflowing
other wires, as those two, which are just 90° remote from the poles of the fixed magnets
or electromagnets, and the use of this resistances in turning the axis by their being
placed between the poles of a magnet.
3. The position of primary and secondary piles, next one another and in one another
in the same vessel, so that the current from one to the other flows not only through
the metal conductor, but also through the liquid, and that each part of the secondary
piles forms at the same time the supplementary and current increasing part of the
primary piles.
4. The selfcharging of the secondary piles by the turn of the Gramme's ring so
that the secondary current increases the charging current.
5. The induction of an electric current by the motion of an electrolytic liquid
between the poles of magnets or electromagnets.

page_text: By turning the disks (P) a motion also of the liquid is effected. It depends on the
velocity of the motion, which form the surface of the liquid receives, notwithstanding
in every case it forms a closed electric conductor-the liquid being a conductor.
If a closed electric conductor moves between the poles of a magnet, a current is
induced in the conductor. Therefore a current-although a very weak one-must be
induced in the liquid, being a closed electric conductor and moving between the poles
of the magnets M M.
III.
As to move the ring with the electrodes by electricity, the current is conducted by
two springs (ff) to the axis. A current of any battery conducted through the fixed
electromagnet (E E) over these springs to the axis between the ring and the resistances,
is devided, following the law of Kirchhoff. The one part, the strength of which is
regulated by the interposed German silver wire, passes the Gramme's ring bringing it
into motion. The other part flows over the German silver wire into the
electrodes (00) in the same manner and with the same effects, as it was, when the
current was generated in the ring by its mecanical rotation.
Even if the electrodes of the fixed battery are placed in the same electrolytic fluid, in
which the moving electrodes (O O) are, notwithstanding the primary current must by
means of the interposed resistances be devided in the manner described. But it is to
remark, that not only the electrodes of the fixed battery form a primary battery, but
also each electrode of the fixed battery together with its opposite division (.0..0) of the
disks (P) forms a primary element.
The placing of the fixed battery is arranged, as follows: On one side of the inner
part of the tank the positive electrodes (Z) on the opposite side the negative, electrodes
(K) of an ordinary voltaic battery are fixed in porous cells or without them, so that
cach disk (P) is turned between two positive and two negative electrodes. The
electrodes (Z, K) are provided with binding screws and conducting wires, to be joined
to a primary battery. The tank is devided by several cross partitions D into separate
cells.
The whole apparatus just described is represented with its front view in fig. I of the
drawing; Fig. II and III are two longitudinal views; Fig. II the profile; Fig. III
represents the apparatus seen from above. As it is said already in the description
represents :-
G. the Gramme's ring (Fig. II) E. the fixed electromagnet (fig. II, III)
a b (fig. I) the strip of brass, connected at a with the wire of the Gramme's ring, at b
with the one end of the German silver wire. bc (fig. II) is the German silver wire.
At fig: II the wires are to be seen, which connect c with the different divisions of the
disks P. At fig. I; 0, ...0, represent the divisions of the disks P. XX is the tank ;
M. M the magnets round about. D. D. (fig. II, III) the cross partitions of the tank.
K Z are the electrodes of the fixed battery. ff. (fig. II, III) are two springs, by
which the current is conducted to the axis."
The manner in which the apparatus acts, is the following:
1st. It is said already at the end of the I part of this description, that the rotary
battery alone can be moved mecanically and that the current, generated in the ring,
electrolise the fluid in which the electrodes (connected with the ring by the wires) dip,
so that this part of the apparatus forms a Voltameter.
At the beginning of the III part it is described, that the same purpose may be
reached moving the rotary battery by any electric current.
But the principal use of the whole apparatus is, to produce itself electric currents to
be utilized in two different manners.
1) The currents produced by the fixed and by the rotary battery can be conducted
from — (fig. III) by binding screws and wires to any place to be utilized for electric
light and other purposes. Then the resistance of the German silver wires are so
arranged, that only a little part of the current enters the Gramme's ring and slowly
moves the rotary battery.

page_text: 2) The motion of the axis, effected by the electric currents, produced in the whole
apparatus, is to be used as a motive force. Then to profit more of the generated
currents, the German silver wire (b c) must be substituted by copper wires. Each
copper wire is so long, that its resistance is equal to that of the German silver wire
and is coiled round an iron ring, surrounding the axis. Even this ring is put between
the poles L L of magnets, so that the current, passing the copper wire, effects the
same motion, at the Gramme's ring Fig. IV, V.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :
I. A. The immediate and stationary metallic connexion of the coils of a Gramme's
ring with electrodes, that the current, generated in the ring, can enter direct into
the electrodes, without being conducted over springs and that together with the turn
of the ring a change of the electrodes takes place.
B. The interposition of resistances in this connexion, to collect the current in the.
ring and to effect, that it may flow only through those wires, which are 90° from
the fixed magnets.
II. The position of a rotary battery between the poles of magnets or electromagnets,
so that a current is induced in the liquid by its rotation.
III. A. The position of a rotary battery between a fixed battery in the same tank
and their metallic connexion, so that the current enters between the ring and the
resistances.
B. The application of the interposed resistances to the rotation of the axis, on
which they are fixed, by means of placing them between the poles of magnets or
electromagnets.