IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF MEAL AND THE DRESSING OF FLOUR, AND THE MACHINERY AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Savory, of the Firm of W. Savory and Son,
of the High Orchard Iron Works, in the City of Gloucester, Engineer,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF MEAL AND
THE DRESSING OF FLOUR, AND THE MACHINERY AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREIN."
Sealed the 26th September 1865, and dated the 30th March 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Savory at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th March 1865.
I, WILLIAM SAVORY, of the Firm of W. Savory and Son, of the High
Orchard Iron Works, in the City of Gloucester, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF
MEAL AND THE DRESSING OF FLOUR, AND THE MACHINERY AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREIN," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the after treatment of wheat, meal, or other produce,
resulting from the grinding of corn or grain between millstones or other

page_text: frictional surfaces, and more particularly, but not exclusively, to that operation
generally understood as "dressing flour;" and my Invention consists in
additions to and modifications of the existing kinds or descriptions of mills
and apparatus for grinding corn and other grain, and also to the apparatus
usually employed for the further treating the resulting produce of the previous
operation of grinding; and furthermore in certain novel arrangements of
apparatus and mechanical details, as well as in the mode or method of using
and employing them, by which a larger quantity of work is produced in a
given time, and a better quality of fine finished material is obtained with
greater economy than heretofore, and a more perfect and economical
separation of the different qualities of the materials resulting from the
grinding process is also effected.
For the purpose of maintaining the grain, and the meal, or other form of
produce resulting from the process of grinding cool, and so in the best con-
dition for being economically manufactured, various contrivances have been
produced from time to time, such, for instance, as blowing in through the eye
of the millstone a current of cold air from or by means of a fan by means of
an exhauster connected with the outer casing, or with the eye of the stone,
and other similar means, and for the purpose of cooling the meal or produce
of the grinding mill after it has left the frictional surfaces it has heretofore
been caused to travel by means of spouts, shoots, funnels, and elevators of
various kinds through considerable distances, either in contact with the air
at the ordinary or external pressure and temperature, or in the direction
of or against a current of air mechanically set in motion.
Now for the purpose of effecting these objects more thoroughly, I, instead
of making the metal casings of millstones of a single thickness of metal, make
a hollow or double casing for the purpose of containing water, which I cause
to circulate therethrough, and thereby the heat as generated during the
grinding is rapidly abstracted. Instead of allowing the meal to pass from
the grinding mill direct to the boiler, or to the elevator along a shoot, or
along a screw motor, I employ a double or hollow trough, or a double tube,
or a double cylinder for the purpose of containing water, and permitting a
flow or current to be established therethrough, and fit it with a screw motor,
the threads of which may be cast or formed hollow around a hollow shaft or
axis, through both of which a current of water may be caused to pass at any
required velocity. Thus these several hollow vessels may be either separate
and independent of each other as to any hydraulic connection, or they may be
so connected by means of pipes and unions, as the same water after having
passed through one may from thence go into and through the next, and so to

page_text: the third or other vessel or part of the apparatus, and so economise the total
quantity of water required or necessary for maintaining the heat-abstracting
action in the several parts. The meal after having passed through or from
the mill case and spout, or along the trough, tube, or cylinder by the aid
of the screw motor, is either delivered to the elevator, or otherwise carried
to the bolter or other dressing apparatus.
The operation of dressing flour through a bolter is generally as follows:-
The meal is fed into the hopper of the bolter, and passes into the reel or
bolting cloth, the finer particles or flour pass or passes through the meshes
of the bolting cloth, silk, or other fabric employed for the purpose, whilst the
offal, pollard, and bran pass out at the lower end or tail of the bolter. In
some cases the cloth or fabric is changed from time to time in the same
machine, and finer substituted as the process proceeds, in other cases the offal
is received into the cylinder of another machine detached from or fitted or
fixed to the lower end of the case of the bolter machine, and the finer
particles of brau are taken out of the bran as delivered from the tail of the
bolter. Now instead of allowing the meal as it comes from the mill, con-
taining as it does the offal or bran, to pass into the bolter, I first separate the
offal or bran and pollard therefrom, and whilst the flour only passes into the
bolter and is there screened and separated according to the fineness of the
cloth or fabric, the bran is never permitted to enter the bolter, but is
I effect this most
retained separately, to be disposed of as may be desired.
useful and economical object by placing above the bolter case a smaller case
coutaining a wire cylinder, or a hollow drum with wire or other guaze cloth,
or other fabric of suitable texture, having a drum with brushes, or a revolving
brush mounted therein, and capable of revolving at a suitable velocity; or
instead of a cylinder any other form of screen sifter may be used above the
bolter, or so employed as to intercept the offal and prevent the bran entering
the bolter. The small cylinder and revolving brush has at one end a feeding
hopper, or means of charging in under control the meal in the state in which
it comes from the mill or from the trough or screw motor, or from the
elevator; after the apparatus has been set in motion the flour or fine dust-
like particles are brushed through the cloth gauze cylinder or textile covering,
and from thence fall into the hopper or feed end of the bolter, whilst the bran
passes out at the lower end or tail of the small cylinder. The same separation
must be made to take place irrespective of the form of the apparatus
employed.
Instead of constructing bolters or other dressing machines in the usual way
in so far as the feeding end is concerned, by which a considerable portion of

page_text: the length of the apparatus is not usefully employed, and the action of the
Screening apparatus becomes choked and impeded by the stuff falling on a
compact mass, or more or less solid body, and the bolter cloth or its equivalent
becomes damaged, 1 so construct and arrange the upper or feeding end of the
bolter apparatus that by inserting a ring or short cylinder with a disc cover,
which is capable of being moved more or less close to the end of the ring or
cylinder, that the annular space may be increased or diminished for the
passage of the meal or flour to the bolter cylinder, and this is capable of
instantaneous adjustment without stopping the working of the machine.
Thus the feeding in is effected uniformly, and the distribution equally
around the cloth, so that it commences to be dressed immediately on entering.
By this improvement the whole length of the bolter cylinder and reel is
effectively employed, and considerable saving is effected thereby, and the
length of the bolter cloth and beaters, and the reel and other parts may be
reduced.
Instead of securing the bolter cloth of the reels by means of "leathers," or,
as heretofore, I cut at the upper end a groove on the end of the reel, or on
the tennon ends or pin ends of the reel rails, and after bringing the cloth to
the end of the reel, I introduce a vulcanized india-rubber band or ring of
circular or other suitable cross section, and which by its contraction holds
the cloth tightly in the groove, whilst at the lower end of the reel I groove
the end of each rail similarly, and bring the cloth on to the ends, and
tighten the cloth thereon by means of elastic bands as before. The cloths
may thus be reversed or changed end for end.
Instead of constructing bolters with the beaters, or the battens forming the
rails to which or against which the cloth is pressed, of a square cross section,
or at least of a width on their inner face nearly equal to the width of the
back, although such face may be slightly, or more or less rounded, I form them
of about a semi-hexagonal section, the inner surface consisting ofa narrow edge
and two angular faces, against one of which the cloth is pressed during the
revolution of the reel. By this constructive difference the cloth is prevented
from puckering over or folding in several thicknesses, and from being rubbed
out, frictionally cut, or otherwise destroyed during the action of the reel.
Instead of employing six or eight beater rails in a bolter arranged at equal
intervals, forming a hexagon or an octagon, I so dispose the beaters that they
shall be unequally divided around the circumference, and where eight beaters
are used I place one at the bottom in the centre, and the next on either side,
at a space equal to about one-half to two-thirds of the space between the
beaters on the top side, then the next succeeding beater on each side again

page_text: wider apart, and the one on each side of the top central beater to be of the
greatest width apart.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Savory in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
29th September 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
SAVORY, of the Firm of W. Savory and Son, of the High Orchard Iron
Works, in the City of Gloucester, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said William Savory, Her special licence that I, the said
William Savory, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said William Savory, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF MEAL AND THE DRESSING OF FLOUR,
AND THE MACHINERY AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said William Savory, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar mouths next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Savory, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-
lowing statement and accompanying Sheets of Drawings, that is to say:-
My Invention relates to the after treatment of wheat, meal, or other pro-
duce resulting from the grinding of corn or grain between millstones or other
frictional surfaces, and more particularly, but not exclusively, to that operation
generally understood as "dressing flour," and my Invention consists in addi-

page_text: tions to and modifications of the existing kinds or descriptions of mills, and
apparatus for grinding corn and other grain, and also to the apparatus usually
employed for the further treating the resulting produce ofthe previous operation
of grinding, and furthermore in certain novel arrangements of apparatus and
mechanical details, as well as in the mode or method of using and employing
them, by which a larger quantity of work is produced in a given time, and a
better quality of fine finished material is obtained with greater economy than
heretofore, and a more perfect and economical separation of the different
qualities of the materials resulting from the grinding process is also effected.
For the purpose of cooling and maintaining the grain and the meal, or other
form of produce resulting from the process of grinding cool, and so in the best
condition for being economically manufactured, various contrivances have been
introduced from time to time, such for instance as blowing in through the eye
of the millstone a current of cold air from or by means of a fan, by means of
an exhauster connected with the outer casing or with the eye of the stone, and
other similar means. And for the purpose of cooling the meal or produce of
the grinding mill after it has left the frictional surfaces, it has heretofore been
caused to travel by means of spouts, shoots, funnels, and elevators of various
kinds through considerable distances either in contact with the air at the
ordinary or external pressure and temperature, or in the direction of or
against a current of air mechanically set in motion.
Now, for the purpose of effecting these objects more thoroughly, I, instead
of making the metal casings of millstones of a single thickness of metal, make
a hollow or double casing for the purpose of containing water, which Icause to
circulate therethrough, and thereby the heat as generated during the grinding
is rapidly abstracted. Or in some instances I use a hollow metal ring made
to encircle the bed stone with suitable feed and discharge pipes to cause the
water to circulate round or through it, so that when the meal issues from
between the stones it shall spread over the uppersurface of the ring. A brush
is fixed on the runner stone to sweep off the meal into the spout or shoot. Or
instead of making the metal ring to encircle the bedstone, I place it at some
distance below the bedstone, and make the framing for supporting the stones
of a cylindrical or other suitable form, with brackets and adjusting screws
for supporting the bedstone, and I allow sufficient space between the frame
and the stone for the meal to fall through and down upon the hollow metal
cooling ring. A brush or brushes are fixed on arms keyed on the spindle
to clear off the meal into the spout as before described.
In order to further carry out the heat-abstracting process, instead of allowing
the meal to be conveyed from the grinding stone or cooling ring direct to the

page_text: bolter, I conduct it by a suitable spout into a double or hollow trough, or a
double or hollow cylinder or tube, which is so constructed that a flow or
current of water can be established therethrough, and may be fitted with a
screw motor, the threads of which may be cast or formed hollow around a
hollow shaft or axis, through both of which a current of water may be caused
to pass at any required velocity. Other means of carrying the meal along in
contact with the cold surfaces may be substituted for the worm or screw.
Thus these several hollow vessels may be either separate and independent of
each other as to any hydraulic connection, or they may be so connected by
means of pipes and unions as that the same water after passing through one may
from thence go into and through the next, and so to the third or other vessel
or part of the apparatus, and so economise the total quantity of water required
or necessary for maintaining the heat abstracting action in the several parts.
The meal after having passed through or from the mill case and spout, or along
the trough, tube, or cylinder by the aid of the screw motor, or its mechanical
equivalent, is either delivered to the elevator or otherwise carried to the
bolter or other dressing apparatus.
Figures 1 to 9 inclusive (Sheet 1), show various modifications of the
apparatus for cooling the meal or other products of grinding; similar colours
and letters of reference denoting corresponding parts in each of the Figures
respectively.
Figure 1 is a side elevation partly in section; Figure 2 is a front elevation;
and Figure 3 is a plan of a pair of millstones mounted on a spindle in iron
framing, with a hollow ring encircling the bedstone, and a double or hollow
trough, and a screw motor with hollow axis.
A, A, are the grinding stones; B, the hollow metal ring; C, pipe for
supplying ring with water; D. pipe for taking water from ring to the hollow
axis of screw motor; E, screw motor with packing glands for pipes to pass
through to prevent leakage; F, pipe for conveying water from screw motor to
hollow trough; G, hollow trough; H, discharge pipe. a, brush for sweeping
the meal from the hollow cooling ring; b, spout for conveying the meal
from the stones to the hollow trough.
Figure 4 is a side elevation, partly in section, of an arrangement in which
the hollow cooling ring is set below the bedstone.
Figures 5 and 6 are a sectional elevation and plan of an arrangement
with a double or hollow metal casing or hoop.
A, A, are the stones; B, the double hollow casing with a space for water
to circulate or pass through; C, pipe with stop-cock and union for connecting
water to casing; D, pipe for taking away the heated water.

page_text: Figure 7 is a longitudinal and a transverse section combined of a screw
motor with hollow axis and threads for the purpose of increasing the cooling
surface.
Figure 8 is a combined longitudinal and a transverse section of a hollow
screw motor and trough in which the trough is made of two pipes placed
ore within the other, and a space between them for the water to circulate
or pass through.
Figure 9 is a longitudinal and a transverse section combined of a trough
with a double bottom and a pitch chain and webbing passing over drums
at each end, and having suitable scrapers or carriers caused to travel
along the bottom of the trough, and so carrying the meal along in contact
with the cooling surface.
Now instead of allowing the meal as it comes from the mill, containing as
it does all the offals, to pass into the bolter, I first separate the bran there-
from, and whilst the flour and the remaining finer pollards or offals only pass
into the bolter, and are there screened and separated according to the fine-
ness of the cloth or fabric, the bran is not permitted to enter the bolter, but is
returned separately to be disposed of as may be desired. I effect this most
useful and economical object of the separation of the bran from the flour
before going into the bolter by placing above the bolter case a smaller case
containing a wire cylinder or a hollow drum with wire or other gauze,cloth,
or other fabric of suitable texture having a drum with brushes or iron beaters
or a revolving brush mounted therein, and capable of revolving at a suitable
velocity; or, instead of a cylinder,any other form of screen sifter may be used
or employed, as described, being mounted, fitted, or fixed above the bolter,
and so employed as to intercept and prevent the bran entering the bolter,
The small cylinder with its revolving brush has at one end a feeding hopper
or means under control for regulating the quantity of the meal admitted into
the dressing apparatus. After the apparatus has been set in motion the flour
or fine dust-like particles are brushed through the cloth gauze cylinder or
textile covering, and from thence they fall into the hopper or feed end of the
bolter, whilst the bran passes out at the lower endor tail of the small cylinder.
Instead of constructing bolters or other dressing machines in the usualway
in so far as the feeding end is concerned, by which a considerable portion of
the length of the apparatus is not usefully employed, and the action of the
screening apparatus becomes choked and impeded by the stuff falling in
compact masses or in a more or less solid condition, the bolter cloth or its
equivalent thereby becomes burst or damaged,I so construct and arrange the
upper or feeding end of the bolter apparatus, that by inserting a short cylinder

page_text: or ring with a disc cover which is capable of being moved more or less close
to the end of the ring or cylinder that the annular space may be increased
or diminished for the passage of the meal or flour to the bolter cylinder, and
this is capable of instantaneous adjustment on the reel spindle without stop-
ping the working of the machine.
On the reel spindle and within the short cylinder is fixed a cross with
curved or radial arms, the face of the arms being set at an angle with the
axis of the reel, so that when the arms revolve within the cylinder it shall
drive the meal in a forward and radial direction and out of the annular space
between the edges of disc and cylinder. Thus the feeding-in is effected
uniformly, and the distribution equally around the cloth, so that the flour
commences to be dressed immediately on entering the bolter; and I prefer
that the delivery of the meal shall take place upon the leather of the cloth
instead of the cloth direct. By this improvement the whole length of the
bolter, cylinder, and reel is effectively employed, and considerable saving is
effected thereby, and the length of the bolter cloth, reel beaters, and other
parts of the machine is reduced.
Instead of securing the bolter cloth on or to the reel, as heretofore, by
which there is such difference in the form and construction of each end of
the cloth and the reel that the cloth cannot be reversed or turned end for
end, I make each end of the cloth and the reel alike, so that it can be re-
versed or changed end for end without alteration. I effect this most desirable
improvement by having secured on each end of the cloth a similar leather
band, and within or inside of each band is a vulcanized india-rubber or
other elastic ring, by preference of a circular cross section, although any
other form may be employed. These elastic rings are connected to the leather
bands by a number of narrow strips of leather made fast to near the inside
edge of the band, and passing round the elastic ring, which will be near the
outer edge of the band when in position. At the extreme outer edge of the
leather bands are a number of small loops to take a string or line for the
purpose of reefing or drawing down the ends when in use on the reel.
each end of the reel is formed a groove of a corresponding shape to the
elastic ring, or in some instances I fix on one or each end of the reel a metal
ring of such a cross section as to form a groove to receive the elastic ring.
Spaces or notches are cut out of the metal ring or rings or groove to allow
the leather strips which connect the leather band and the cloth to the elastic
ring to pass therethrough.
At
Instead of constructing bolters with the beaters or the battens forming the
rails to which or against which the cloth is pressed of a square cross section,

page_text: or at least of a width on their inner face nearly equal to the width of the
back, although such face may be slightly or more or less rounded, I form
them of about a semi-hexagonal section, the inner surface consisting of a
narrow edge and two angular faces, against one of which the cloth is pressed
during the revolution of the reel. By this constructive difference the cloth
is prevented from puckering over or folding in several thicknesses, and
from being rubbed out, frictionally cut, or otherwise destroyed during the
rotation of the reel.
Instead of employing 5 or 6 beater rails in the bolter as usually at present
or heretofore done, I so dispose the beaters that they shall be unequally
divided around the circumference of the bolter, and where eight beaters are
used I place one at the bottom in the centre, and the next on either side at a
space equal to about one-half to two-thirds of the space between the beaters
on the top side, then the next succeeding beater on each side again wider
apart, and the one on each side of the top central beater to be of the greatest
width apart; but even where they are equally divided around the circum-
ference of the reel, the reel itself may either be uniformly divided or divided
in the manner herein-before described with reference to beaters.
In Sheet 2 of the accompanying Drawings, Figure 1 is an end view,
Figure 2 a side view, and Figure 3 a longitudinal section of the flour-dress-
ing machinery; in each Figure the same letters are used. A, A, is the frame
or case; B, hopper to receive the meal to be dressed; C, feed roll and slide to
regulate the quantity required; D, wired cylinder or screen; E, revolving
brushes for brushing through the fine particles; F, hopper and shoot to
convey screened meal to bolter; G, shoot cylinder or distributor; H, disc
plate for regulating the annual opening; I, arms or cross for driving the meal
out of the cylinder and through the annular opening; J, reel to which the
bolting cloth is attached; K, the beaters against which the cloth strikes
when revolving; L, metal rings to form grooves for elastic rings to secure
the cloth to reel; M, leather band secured to cloth; N, elastic ring; O, leather
strips to secure leather band to elastic ring; P, bolting cloth; Q, lever for
regulating the annular opening; R, shoot for dressed flour; S, shoot for
thirds; T, shoot for sharps; U, the shoot or receptacle for the bran from the
separating cylinder or screen.
Figure 4 is a transverse section of the reel and beaters shewing the method
of arranging the beaters; Figure 5 is an end elevation of the ring at the
head of reel with groove and notches cut out for the connecting strips;
Figure 6 is a transverse section of distributing cylinder shewing the arms or
cross; Figure 7 is a sectional plan of the same; Figure 8 is an enlarged

page_text: section of a part of the reel shewing the method of attaching the cloth to the
reel.
In the accompanying Drawings I have shown, in the several Figures in Sheet 1,
means or methods by which, in accordance with my Invention, I prefer to
employ for the purpose of cooling and maintaining in such a cool condition as
is favourable to the speedy and economic manufacture of meal after it has left
the grinding mill into fine flour by direct contact with metallic surfaces from
which the imparted heat is rapidly extracted or abstracted by or through the
agency of cold water flowing in a current, or circulating by its gravity, or by
mechanical means; and although I have not shown all the modifications,
variations, or differences of dispositions of parts in the placing of such metallic
heat-abstracting surfaces in combination with the differences which may be
made in the forms of the water channels by which the circulation of the
water may be conducted and the heat abstracting effected, yet I have shewn
what I consider to be the simplest and best modes of applying my Invention
to existing forms of grinding mills, mill frames, and their apparatus, but
necessarily in adapting the combination of water circulation and metallic
casings and heat-abstracting surfaces to the cooling of the wheat or other
meal resulting from the operation of grinding wheat or other grain between
frictional surfaces or other forms of grinding mills, and in other forms of
framing or mountings for such mills other modifications of my cooling
apparatus must necessarily be made to adapt it thereto.
And in Sheet 2 I have shewn, in detail, in those portions ofmy Invention which
relates to the after treatment of the meal during the process of manufacturing
it into fine flour, the main features of which consist of first separating the bran
from the meal before it enters the bolter by means of a separate cylinder or
apparatus, as herein-before described, and mounted, fitted, or fixed above and
immediately over the bolter proper or above it, and in communication there-
with, and by which the bran is never permitted to enter the bolter to the
detriment thereof, and to the disadvantage of its powers of production and
manufacture; and, second, in the introduction of and in the use and employ-
ment a cylinder or ring at the upper end of the bolter employed, first, to
receive the meal without the bran, and, second, through the instrumentality
of the moveable disc or its mechanical equivalent to ensure and effect the
uniform distribution of the meal so collected from the hopper of the bran-
separator that the manufacturing process of fine flour making may be
uniformly conducted and the bolter cloth remain uninjured from overloading
and blocking, and thus enabling a much shorter bolter and its apparatus to be
employed with the utmost efficiency whilst means of regulating the extent of

page_text: annular opening, and consequently the amount of feed as operated through
the handle Q to the disc H is better shown in Figures 6 and 7, whilst the
disc H and the cylinder or ring G are shown to a larger scale in Figure 8.
Third, in the construction and arrangements of the parts of the bolter proper
by which the beater bars, the bolter cloth, and the reel are each made to
effect important and material economies due to their change of form, mode of
construction and arrangement, as herein-before described; thus, for instance,
although the beaters in ordinary use, or as heretofore employed, are of a shape
in their tranverse section apparently to the unpractised eye of a non-practical
person but little different in their shape, yet such is the difference and
advantage due to the shape and form I have described as proper for the trans-
verse section of such beaters; that the economic results derived from their use
and their practical advantages effect a considerable saving in the cost of
bolter cloths as well as in the mechanical performance of the bolter proper.
And, moreover, in the arrangement or disposition of the beaters themselves
around the circumference gradually widening apart from the bottom central
rail to the upper side of the circle, as herein-before described, does effect more
useful results than when the beaters are arranged uniformly throughout the
circumference, although beaters or beater rails of the sectional shape or con-
figuration described by me, and in accordance with my Invention, may be
arranged in any other way
than that which I have described and that which
in practice I prefer to employ. Furthermore, the advantages which pertain
to the use and employment of bolter cloths alike at each end in their form
and construction will be readily understood by every practical flour-dresser, as
will also the advantages of having the reel with both its ends alike adapted
to take or receive either end of the bolter cloth, for as I make the cloths
alike at each end with the "leathers" alike at each end, and both being
looped alike at each end, and not, as they are made at present, dissimilar, and
moreover, as I form both ends of my reel alike as to the means of receiving
the bolter cloth and its leather and loops, the advantage of being able to turn
the lower end of the bolter cloth to the upper end of the reel when the upper
end of the cloth has, as it always does, become first injured. I am thus able to
effect uniformity in the wearing of the cloth and so a considerable economy.
And although I have shown and described herein-before the mode of con-
structing the ends of the reel bars with notches and with grooves for receiving
the elastic band, and with metallic loops, hooks, or fittings, it is quite evident
that other mechanically equivalent means may be employed for receiving the
loops of the "leathers" attached to the ends of the bolter cloth, and also for
receiving and holding the elastic ring or its equivalents by means of which

page_text: the bolter cloth is held securely in its position at each end of the reel;
but inasmuch, as from the nature of the bolter cloths, loops, and fittings,
heretofore employed, and of the reels upon which such bolter cloths have
been mounted, the bolter cloths could not be reversed or turned from
end to end without reconstruction, I by this part of my present Inven-
tion have succeeded in effecting that which is a desideratum not hitherto
attained.
Having now described the several parts of my Invention, and illustrated
the same by showing such modes or methods as I prefer to employ when
putting the same into practice, I wish it to be distinctly understood that I
do not limit myself to the exact form, shape, or configuration of the detail
parts or minor portions of the mechanical contrivances, or the parts or
pieces forming the same, as it is self-evident that such minor parts or
portions may be varied in their shape or configuration without effecting
the novel principles of construction or the objects or effects sought to be
gained and obtained by the use or employment thereof. What I claim as
my Invention is,-
First, the use or employment, as herein-before described, of metallic
surfaces in the form of cases, tubes, and other hollow bodies for containing
water and permitting circulation of water therethrough, as herein described
as part of a grinding mill, as herein set forth, and as illustrated in the
accompanying Drawing by Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
Second, the use or employment of water-casings, in manner described
around or under millstones in combination with the circulation of water
therethrough, as herein described and illustrated in Sheet 1 of the accom-
panying Drawings.
Third, the use or employment of hollow metallic cases, channels, troughs,
and other vessels for the purpose of transmitting the meal produced by the
grinding of grain in frictional mills, and cooling and maintaining in a cool
state the meal during its transmission from the grinding mill to the bolter or
other dressing machinery, in manner herein described, and as illustrated in
the several Figures in Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawings.
Fourth, the mode or method of constructing grain-grinding mills, as
herein-described and as shewn in the several views in Sheet I of the
accompanying Drawings.
Fifth, the mode or method, herein described, of constructing and working
the combined mechanical transmitters and coolers employed between the
grinding mill and the flour-dressing apparatus, as herein described, and as
illustrated in the several Figures in Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawings.

page_text: Sixth, constructing flour-dressing apparatus, as herein described, and as
illustrated in Figures 1, 2, and 3 in Sheet 2 of the accompanying
Drawings.
Seventh, the use or employment of a bran-separator, as herein described,
in combination with, and mounted, fitted, or fixed above and immediately
over a bolter, and by which the meal is delivered into the bolter free from
bran, as herein-before described.
Eighth, the construction and mode of working or employing the bran
separator, as herein described, and as illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings in Sheet 2, in combination with a bolter or flour-dressing
machine when placed above aud in connection therewith.
Ninth, the combination of a bran separator of the kind or description
shewn in the Drawings, and herein-before described, with a bolter or with
a flour-dressing machine of the kind or description herein stated or referred
to, for the purpose and in the manner herein described.
Tenth, the use or employment of a cylinder or ring with a moveable disc
or end cover as a distributor and means of feeding the meal to a bolter or
other flour-dressing machine, as herein described, and as shewn in Figures 3,
6, and 7 in Sheet 2 of the accompanying Drawings.
Eleventh, the cylinder and disc apparatus, herein described, for feeding in
or delivering meal and such like materials to a bolter or dressing machine in
a regular and uniform manner thro' an annular groove or space by the aid
of rotating vanes, arms, screw blades, or their equivalents.
Twelfth, constructing the bolter reel and bolter cloth respectively, in
manner herein described, and by which the bolter cloth can be readily
reversed upon the reel.
Thirteenth, the mode or method, herein described, of constructing and
of mounting and fitting the ends of bolter reels for receiving and securing
either end of the bolter cloth, as herein described and as illustrated in
Figures 4, 5, and 8 of Sheet 2.
Fourteenth, the combination of notches or grooves formed in the reel ends
or of metal or other rings, books, or their equivalents when fitted on to the
ends of bolter reels with elastic rings, or bands, or their equivalents for holding
or securing the bolter cloth in bolters and such like machines.
Fifteenth, the construction of beaters or beater rails and the arrangement
and disposition of the beaters or beater rails around the circumference of the
bolter, as herein described and as illustrated in the accompanying Drawings
at Figures 3, 4, 5, and 8 in Sheet 2.
Sixteenth, making bolter cloths with their leather mountings, loops, and

page_text: fittings alike at both ends instead of, as heretoforo made or constructed,
for the purpose and in the manner herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Savory, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of September, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-five.
Witness,
JAMES STEVENSON,
1, Salisbury Street, Strand,
London, W.C.
WILLIAM SAVORY. (L.S.)