Improved Apparatus for the Manufacture of Tubes of Paper or other similar Material.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Mar., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 19th Jan., 1895-Accepted, 2nd Mar., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Apparatus for the Manufacture of Tubes of Paper or
other similar Material.
I, JAMES PINFOLD, of 233 Park Road, Aston near Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to he
as follows:-
My invention relates to improved apparatus for the manufacture of tubes, of
paper or other similar material. When paper is fed on to a rotating mandrel after
being previously covered with paste, manually and more or less imperfectly, and is
pressed by hand upon the mandrel during the formation of a tube, the amount and
duration of the pressure are solely dependent upon the will of the operator.
Consequently, different operators, or even a single operator will produce by this
method, tubes of different character, owing to inefficiency, want of care, the
imperfect coating of the paper with paste, or to other reasons. Such tubes are
found to shrink when drying or to blister and strip during the progress of other
operations required to complete their manufacture. This results in waste and
expense.
The object of my invention is to construct improved apparatus whereby paper
tubes, or tubes of similar material, of any desired diameter and length can be made
of uniform character.
a
According to my invention I support, upon suitable standards, mechanism for
rotating a mandrel at two speeds, during two parts of an operation of forming
tube, together with means for supplying paste or other adhesive material in a layer
of uniform thickness to the paper or the like as it is being formed into a tube.
The mechanism aforesaid is so constructed that the mandrel can be rotated at a
slow speed while the paper is being pasted and wound thereor, after which the
pasting device is moved away from the work and an adjustable pressing-device is
brought into contact therewith while it is rotated much more rapidly, for a definite
number of revolutions.
By thus regulating exactly the number of revolutions given to the paper tube at
the higher speed and by regulating with equal exactitude the pressure exerted
thereon, tubes formed in succession in this improved apparatus are practically
exactly similar and of proper size and gauge, and do not differ like tubes formed
by the old methods and apparatus which were often imperfect as aforesaid.
According to one of the modes in which I can carry my said invention into effect
1 support in suitable bearings on the main frame of the apparatus a spindle upon
which a pair of independent driving-pulleys are loosely mounted. Two clutches of
any suitable type are placed upon the said spindle and rotate therewith; they are
operated by special mechanisni hereinafter described, to put the spindle into gear
with one
or other of the two pulleys, one pulley being adapted to drive the
spindle at a low speed, and the other being adapted to drive it at a high speed.
To this spindle I attach the mandrel on which the paper or the like, in a sheet or
strip or two or more sheets or strips, is wound.
A shaft is journalled in the main frame and is provided with a wheel hereinafter
termed the locking and regulating wheel, which constitutes, in combination with
other mechanism a locking and regulating device; this is an important feature of
my invention. The shaft carrying the locking and regulating wheel is geared to

page_text: the spindle aforesaid, preferably by a gut band, and change-gear, the latter being
employed to permit of variations of speed. The spindle is provided with a third
clutch, which is automatically operated to connect it with or disconnect it from the
shaft on which the locking and regulating wheel is carried.
In convenient proximity to the clutches aforesaid I provide mechanism which is
employed to move the clutches. This mechanism is connected to a device by which
a locking-bolt is moved out of a recess in the locking and regulating wheel afore-
said, and is also connected to gear so arranged that when moved in one direction
by the operator it moves one of the clutches from a neutral or inactive position,
into gear with that one of the two driving-pulleys by which a slow speed is imparted
to the mandrel, this clutch is kept in gear at the will of the operator for any desired
length of time so that the duration of this operation, in which the pasting of the
paper is effected, can be suitably regulated.
Springs, cams, or other means are provided, which, when the said gear is
released by the operator will automatically return it and the said clutch to the
normal inactive position.
Upon a rod which preferably forms part of the clutch-operating gear aforesaid,
a locking-bolt is arranged to slide. This bolt is arranged to enter a specially-
formed recess or slot in the locking and regulating wheel and is normally held in
this slot by suitable means, such for instance as a pair of opposed springs, and is
connected with a treadle or the like by which the bolt can receive a preliminary
movement, in which it is partially disengaged from the recess or slot aforesaid.
A stop or projection, preferably adjustable, is placed upon the said rod in such a
position that just as this preliminary movement is completed it is struck by the
locking-bolt, and caused to move the clutch mechanism in the opposite direction to
that in which it moved when the slow-speed gear was put into action. The rod
thus moved by the locking-bolt puts the high-speed driving-pulley into gear with
the spindle and simultaneously puts the spindle, and the shaft carrying the locking
and regulating wheel, into gear with each other. Consequently the said wheel
commences to turn and the peculiarly-shaped slot or recess therein will act as a cam
forcing the locking-bolt further out of the recess and tightening the clutches into
gear. Having thus been moved out of the slot or recess the locking-bolt cannot
return to its original position and therefore the clutches cannot disengage the
high-speed gear until the regulating wheel has completed one revolution, upon the
completion of which the bolt and clutch mechanism are restored by the opposing
springs to their original position of rest, and the rotation of the mandrel ceases.
The speed of the regulating-wheel and of the mandrel are so related to each other
that in one revolution of the former the mandrel receives always a given number
of revolutions and each tube thereon consequently gets always the same amount of
treatment.
The disposition of the bolt and the stop is such that the low-speed and high-
speeds gears cannot possibly be both put into action at once. The devices for
supplying the adhesive material to the paper comprise, in the case of pasting-
apparatus for instance :-
A paste-tray arranged to travel at right angles to the mandrel and supporting,
in suitable bearings, a pair of rollers encircled by a belt which is partly immersed
in the paste in the tray. These parts are so arranged that the belt bears against
the mandrel and supplies paste to the paper as desired. An adjustable scraper is
pressed by a spring towards the belt to regulate the supply of paste thereto..
Means are provided whereby the tray and the pasting-belt can be moved away
from the mandrel at such times as the high-speed driving-pulley aforesaid is put
into gear.
These means are operated automatically by a cam on the regulating-
wheel, or by any other suitable moving part of the apparatus.
A presser-strip, roller, or other device is carried by the paste-tray in such a
position that during the operation of pasting it is away from the mandrei but the
action of moving the paste-roller away from the mandrel brings the presser-strip,
roller or other device into contact with the tube thereon. To regulate the amount

page_text: of force with which the presser-strip, roller, or other device bears against the tube
1 may connect it with the tray through springs the tension of which can be
adjusted, or alternatively, or additionally, I can regulate the amount of pressure
exerted by the said springs by suitably adjusting the extent of movement of the
paste-tray.
One of the paste-rollers is geared to the main driving-apparatus by a band or
flexible connection preferably passed round a jockey pulley, operated upon by a
spring or weight to keep the connection taut and ensure, or assist in ensuring, the
return of the paste-tray towards the mandrel.
Upon the table over which the paper is fed to the mandrel I provide a flexible
tongue, roller or other device to bear lightly on the mandrel for the purpose of
delivering the paper to the mandrel with certainty even if the edges thereof be
folded or creased.
Obviously the paste-belt and its driving-gear may under some circumstances be
dispensed with and a single paste-roll employed, driven by frictional contact with
the work.
An extractor or stripper is provided to push the finished tube off the mandrel ;
it is worked either by the operator or automatically.
Dated this 22nd dex of March 1894
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Apparatus for the Manufacture of Tubes of Paper or
other similar Material.
I, JAMES PINFOLD, of 233 Park Road, Astou, near Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to improved apparatus for the manufacture of tubes, of
In
paper or other similar material, and chiefly tubes intended for cartridge cases.
the manufacture of cartridge cases by the method heretofore adopted, the paper is
fed to a rotating mandrel and wound thereon after being previously covered more
or less imperfectly with paste, and is pressed by hand upon the mandrel during the
formation of the tube. The amount and duration of the pressure are solely
dependent upon the will of the operator, and consequently, different operators, or
even a single operator will produce by this method, tubes of different character,
owing to inefficiency, want of care, the imperfect coating of the paper with paste,
or to other causes. Such defective tubes are found to shrink when drying or to
blister and strip during the progress of other operations required to complete their
manufacture. This results in waste.
The object of my invention is to construct improved apparatus whereby paper
tubes, or tubes of similar material, of any desired diameter and length can be made
of uniform character.
According to my invention I provide mechanism for rotating a mandrel at
different speeds during the operations of forming a tube, together with means
for supplying paste or other adhesive material in a layer of uniform thickness
The mechanism
to the paper or the like as it is being formed into a tube.
aforesaid is supported on a bench or suitable standards and is so constructed
that the mandrel can be rotated at a slow speed while the paper is being pasted
and wound thereon, after which the pasting device is moved away from the
tube and an adjustable pressing-device is brought into contact therewith while it
is rotated much more rapidly, for a definite number of revolutions.

page_text: He papel tube al
the higher speed and by regulating with equal exactitude the pressure exerted
thereon, tubes formed in succession by this improved apparatus are practically
exactly similar and of proper size and gauge, and of uniform character
throughout.
Referring to the accompanying drawings which illustrate my invention
Figure 1 is a plan of my improved apparatus.
Figure 2 is a side elevation of the same.
Figure 3 is an end elevation looking from the left of Figure 2, and
Figure 4 is an end elevation looking from the right of Figure 2.
Figure 5 is an elevation of the clutch and locking mechanism hereinafter
described, detached.
Figures 6 and 7 are edge and side elevations of a locking wheel hereinafter
described.
Like letters of reference denote corresponding parts throughout the drawings.
A is the base plate of the apparatus shown resting on a bench B. C, C are
bearings for a shaft D which carries the overhanging spindle or mandrel E upon
which the paper tubes are formed. D', D2 are independent driving pulleys loosely
mounted on the said shaft. F is a clutch placed on the shaft D between the
pulleys D1 and D2. It is connected with the shaft by a feather key or its equivalent
so as to rotate therewith while possessing the capability of sliding thereon. The
clutch will engage with either of the pulleys D1 and D2 but not with both at the
same time. I have shown a clutch having ratchet like teeth F at one end to
engage with corresponding teeth formed on the small pulley D', and a friction
cone F2 at the other end to engage with a corresponding cone on the large
pulley D². According as the clutch is in engagement with the pulley D' or with
the pulley D2 so will the shaft D be driven comparatively fast or slow. The
mechanism for controlling the clutch comprises a fork G engaging with the neck of
the clutch and secured on a bar G' that can slide in bearings in the frame of the
apparatus. Gis a lever pivoted to the frame at G³ and forked at both ends. One
end engages with a pin G fixed in the bar G and the other end engages with a
pin G fixed in a bar G also mounted to slide in bearings in the frame.
G7, G Figure 2 are springs for maintaining the bar G in a central position.
H is a block mounted on the bar G with a capability of sliding but not of turning
thereon. It is controlled by springs H1, H2 that tend to keep it in a central
position on the bar and is connected by a link J to one arm of a bell-crank lever .J¹
pivoted to the frame at J. The other arm of the said lever is connected by a
link J³ to a foot lever or treadle J. G' is a stop adjustably fixed on the bar G
for a purpose hereinafter described. O is a starting lever pivoted to the frame
at O. It engages in a slot in the end of the bar G and is used for pushing the
said bar to the left when required for starting the mandrel on the slow speed. The
block H is furnished with a projection or bolt H³ that engages for a purpose
hereinafter described with a notch or groove K' Figures 6 and 7 in the rim of a
wheel K. The said wheel K constitutes a locking and regulating wheel as will
be hereinafter described. An anti-friction roller H is preferably mounted on the
projection H³ to reduce the friction between the projection and the sides of the
notch K'. The wheel K is secured on a shaft K* mounted in bearings K³, K³
provided in the frame of the machine, and is driven as follows, that is to say on the
end of the shaft D is mounted loosely a toothed clutch L with which can be
engaged a corresponding clutch L' that can slide on the shaft D but must turn
therewith. The clutch L is geared through a system of speed reducing toothed
wheels M and driving band N with a pulley K* fixed in the end of the shaft K² and
when the clutches L, L' are in gear and the shaft D is rotating the said shaft K²
and consequently the wheel K will be rotated slowly through the aforesaid gearing.
The clutch L is controlled by a fork L² secured to the bar G' and is so arranged
as to be thereby put in gear with the clutch L simultaneously with the engagement
of the teeth F with the small pulley D' and to be disengaged simultaneously with

page_text: the disengagement of the teeth F¹ from the pulley D'. The shaft K2 is thus
rotated when the shaft D is being driven at its fastest speed through the pulley D'
and not at any other time. The speed of rotation of the shaft K' can be varied by
changing the wheels M which constitute a system of change wheels similar to those
used in a lathe.
The apparatus for pasting the paper while the same is being rolled into a tube
comprises a paste tray P mounted on pulleys P' that can travel to and fro on rails Q
in a direction at right angles to the mandrel. R R are paste rollers supported in
bearings R' R', and encircled by a belt R2 that is partly immersed in the paste in
the tray. The rollers are rotated by a cord S that passes around a pulley R³
secured on the axle of one of the paste rollers and another pulley S' on the shaft D
and around guide pulleys S2, S3 and a "jockey" pulley S which hangs in the cord
and which is loaded by a weight So that keeps the requisite tension in the cord and
tends to maintain the paste belt pressed against the mandrel. It therefore operates
to ensure the return of the paste-tray towards the mandrel when the same has been
moved away therefrom by mechanism hereinafter described. This arrangement
allows the paste tray to be moved towards and away from the mandrel, while
maintaining the paste belt in driving connection with the shaft D. T is an
adjustable scraper pivoted at T' and pressed by a spring T2 against the belt to
regulate the supply of paste thereto. U, U are adjustable stops to limit the extent
of travel of the paste tray.
The paste tray is operated to withdraw it from the mandrel when required by the
treadle J or automatically by a cam on the shaft K. When the treadle is used
for this purpose it is connected by a link V to one end of a bell-crank lever V1
pivoted to the frame at V2. The other end of the said lever V₁ is connected by a
link V Figure 4 to one axle of the paste tray. It will be seen that the paste-tray
will be drawn away from the mandrel when the treadle is depressed and will return
thereto under the influence of the weight S or an equivalent spring when the
treadle is released. When the paste-tray is operated automatically it is controlled
by a cam W on the shaft K2. This cam operates through a lever W', shaft W³
journalled in bearings W³, and lever W the upper end of which is connected by a
link W' to one axle of the paste tray. The cam W is timed and constructed to
move the tray at the proper moment, and to the required extent. In lieu of the two
rollers RR encircled by a paste belt I sometimes use a single paste roller driven by
frictional contact with the work.
X is a flexible presser strip carried by rods X' mounted to slide in bearings X
on the paste-tray. Each rod is controlled by a spring X³ that surrounds the rod
and is confined between one bearing X2 and a collar X secured on the rod. By
the act of moving the paste-tray away from the inandrel this presser strip is brought
up to the tube on the mandrel and pressed thereagainst with a pressure depending
on the springs X³ and on the extent of movement of the tray. A roller may be
substituted for the strip X.
Y is the table on which the paper to be formed into a tube is placed and fed
therefrom to the inandrel. If desired a flexible tongue, roller, or other like device
may be provided to bear lightly on the mandrel for the purpose of delivering the
paper to the mandrel with certainty even if the edges thereof be folded or
creased.
For delivering the formed tubes from the mandrel 1 provide a stripper consisting
of a sleeve Z mounted to slide on the mandrel. The stripper is actuated by a
cam Z', Figure 2, on the shaft K' through a lever Z2 pivoted at 73 to the frame,
and a rod mounted to slide in bearings Z'. The forward end of the said rod Z*
is adapted to engage a neck in the stripper, and is furnished with a pin Ze that
engages with the slotted upper end of the lever Z. Z is a spring to assist in
returning the rod Z after the latter has been moved forward to actuate the
stripper. The stripper may be worked by the operator if desired instead of
automatically.
The operation of this mechanism is as follows, that is to say, the paper or the like

page_text: to be formed into tubes is fed from the table Y in a sheet or strip or two or more
sheets or strips to the rotating mandrel E of the required size while the latter is
driven at its slowest speed through the pulley D² which is put into gear with the
shaft D by moving the starting lever O shown in Figure 2 to the left.
During this
operation, the paste belt or roller is rotated in contact with the paper and applies a
uniform layer of paste thereto. The duration of this operation is not fixed in any
way by the apparatus and may be regulated at the will of the operator. When the
paper necessary to form one tube has been pasted and wound on the mandrel, the
starting lever O is released and the bar G is immediately brought back by
the springs G7 G to its central position in which the clutch F is freed from both
pulleys D¹, D'². The operator then depresses the treadle J and thereby first slides
the block H to the right on the bar G and thus draws the projection or locking
bolt H of the block H out of the slot or notch K' of the locking wheel K and
liberates the said wheel, and then by further depressing the treadle brings the
block H in contact with the stop G³ and moves the bar G in the direction to
engage the clutch F with the small pulley D' thus starting the mandrel on the fast
speed. This same movement puts the clutch L' in gear with the clutch L and thus
starts the wheels M and puts the shaft K in rotation which it can do since the
wheel K is no longer locked. As soon as the wheel K begins to turn, the notch K
moves away from the projection of the block H and the latter is thus prevented
from returning to its normal position. The operator can thus release the treadle J*
without fear of stopping the mandrel. When the wheel K has made one complete
turn and the notch K' again arrives opposite the projection of the block H the
latter is immediately slid into the notch by the springs H1, H2 and the clutches F
and L are thus put out of gear again. The rotation of the mandrel then ceases
and the wheel K is again locked. It will be evident that the mandrel when once
started on the highest speed will always make the same definite number of
revolutions viz. that performed in the time required for the wheel K to make one
rotation, and will then stop. The number of revolutions will depend on the change
wheels M and can be varied by varying the gear. Each tube therefore receives
the same amount of treatment. It should be observed that when the treadle J' is
depressed to put on the quick speed the paste tray is by the link V when such is
used or by the cam W moved away from the tube on the mandrel and the presser
strip is thereby brought into contact with the tube to press thereon with a uniform
pressure while the tube is rapidly rotating. The tube is thus evenly consolidated
and a perfect tube is produced. As soon as this operation is complete the tube is
stripped from the mandrel by the stripper Z which is operated as above described
at the proper moment by the cam Z. The parts then return to their normal
position ready to form another tube.
I round off or bevel the corner of the notch K¹ of the wheel K as shown at K³
in Figures 6 and 7 to ensure a wedge like action on the locking bolt of the block H
as the said bolt is leaving the notch in order to tighten the clutches in gear with
each other.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. For the manufacture of tubes from strips of paper or other material a machine
or apparatus so constructed and arranged that the mandrel on which the tubes are
formed is rotated comparatively slowly while the strips are wound thereon and
pasted and is then rotated at a greater speed and for a definite number of revolutions
which can be regulated at will, while a pressing device bears against the tube, for
the purpose specified.
2. In such a machine, the spring-controlled block connected with the starting
gear and furnished with a locking bolt in combination with the notched disc K
(with or without the rounded or bevelled corner K³) driven through change gear
from the shaft D, substantially as, and for the purpose, specified.

page_text: 3. The starting gear constructed and arranged to be operated through the
lever to put the large pulley D2 in gear, and through the treadle J sliding
block H and stop G to put the small pulley D' in gear, substantially as
described.
4. The method of driving the paste belt R2 while permitting the to and fro
movement of the paste tray, substantially as described.
5. The combination with the paste tray of the spring-controlled pressing device,
substantially as described, and for the purpose, specified.
6. The combination with the paste-tray of the means for moving the same to and
fro by the rotation of the shaft K2, substantially as described.
7. The device for stripping the tubes from the mandrel, operated by a cam on the
shaft K, substantially as described.
8. The machine or apparatus constructed substantially as herein described and
illustrated by the accompanying drawings, for making tubes of paper or other
similar material.
CT
100-
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.