AN APPARATUS FOR HEATING, COOLING AND VENTILATING DWELLING HOUSES AND OTHER BUILDINGS
Year: 1884

page_text: JAMES GRAY SMEATON, 4 Fulham Park Villas, Fulham, London S.W. Engineer
do hereby declare the nature of my invention for AN APPARATUS FOR HEATING,
COOLING AND VENTILATING DWELLING HOUSES AND OTHER BUILDINGS, to be as
follows:-
:
A Hot Air Gill Stove of approved form surrounded by a jacket to form air
chamber, having influx and efflux air chambers in suitable position, the influx air
chamber provided with filtering frame and the efflux chamber with regulating
damper. From efflux chamber air Flues are conducted to any part and regulated
with valves. Inside the principal air chamber on the top or at the sides of Stove
I fix a circulating water trough and outside the jacket a water Tank, both divided
by webs or partitions and connected at certain fixed levels to ensure continuous
circulation-When Hot Air is required the Stove is fired, and for cold air the
outer Tank is surrounded with ice. For ventilating and purifying the atmosphere
of rooms the circulating water is charged with ozonised Oxygen or other approved
disinfectant or deodoriser.

page_text: I, JAMES GRAY SMEATON of 4 Fulham Park Villas Fulham in the County of
Middlesex Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for HEATING,
COOLING AND VENTILATING DWELLING HOUSES AND OTHER BUILDINGS and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This Invention combines to form a complete system of Warming, Cooling and
Ventilating, separately or in conjunction, applicable to all kinds of Buildings; and
consists of a Hot Air Stove of any description or shape, but preferably a round,
square or oblong Gill stove, resting on a hollow Base, which forms a chamber for
the influx and efflux of air. On the top is fitted an open water Trough divided by
a web or partition extending from one end to within one or more inches of the
other end; or a single Trough may be carried round or along the sides of stove
according to the shape.
+
A smoke or Flue pipe is brought out at the back, end, or side, and conducted
round the top and carried to any convenient position. Over all and resting on the
base is fitted a Jacket forming a general air chamber. Outside of the Jacket is
fitted a water cistern with a web or partition extending from the water level to
within one, two, or more inches of the bottom. This cistern is connected to the
Trough before mentioned by two pipes or conduits at specific levels, which arrange-
ment provides for circulation of the water or other fluid, on the application of heat
or cold.
The Jacket may be constructed of Sheet or Cast Iron, Bricks, Tiles, or other
suitable material.
On one side of the base is formed an inlet for the influx of fresh air, which inlet
is provided with a moveable frame covered or filled with suitable filtering material;
and on the other side is an outlet for the efflux of heated or chilled air, and this
outlet may be constructed to form a single air conduit, or it may be subdivided
into a number of conduits or shafts each of which can be conducted to the point
of delivery and again subdivided if required. The main efflux chamber or an
additional chamber and additional conduits may be fitted on the top, ends or other
convenient part of the Jacket. Adjoining the efflux chamber is fixed another air
chamber, which may form part of or be separate from the efflux chamber, and
which is provided with a fresh air inlet and moveable filtering frame. From this
chamber are conducted cold air conduits branching into the efflux conduits.
Regulating Valves or Dampers are fitted into each of the air conduits; and boxes,
baskets or frames are fitted into the conduits at any suitable point or Junction for
the purpose of holding chemical deodorants or other substances or fluids.
The deodorant boxes, baskets and frames are constructed of shape and size to
suit the pipe or exhaust flue or shaft to which they are applied, and consist of an
outer box containing the deodorant and a basket or frame let into the pipe, flue, or
shaft through a door or space prepared to receive same. The baskets or frames of
circular shape have a spiral web of porous material which is fed with deodorising
fluid from the outer box by suitable conduits. The square baskets or frames are
fitted with vertical porous or fringe hangings, or porous material fixed horizontally,
vertically or angularly and fed with fluid deodorant from the outer box by suitable
conduits.
In conjunction with the apparatus already described, the smoke flue is made
arranged, constructed and fitted up as follows:-the smoke pipe or flue is conducted

page_text: to the most convenient position and carried to the highest possible point of exit,
After leaving the Stove, at a point to be determined by circumstances, the flue is
constructed in the form of a double tube having a spiral web or division in the
intervening space between the inner and outer tubes; this space forming a spiral
exhaust flue for the extraction of all vitiated air from the buildings to which it is
applied; exhaust tubes being conducted from each room, closet &c and branched
into the Spiral Exhaust flue, which may be enlarged in diameter as it increases in
height. This double flue may be constructed of Iron, Earthenware, Bricks, Tiles or
other suitable material, according to the requirements of the structure to which it
is applied.
It is obvious that this Apparatus provides a means for the efficient and healthful
renewal of the atmosphere of dwellings and other structures at all times; and the
further to elucidate the advantages to be obtained by its adoption, I will now
proceed to point out those features in my Invention which I claim to be novel and
original.
The introduction of pure filtered air, warm or cool, to any part of a building
independent of other parts, which cannot be converted into a destructive medium
without purpose. For warming, the air is heated by the application of fuel of any
kind, or of Gas, to the stove. For cooling, the air is chilled by the application of
Ice or other freezing material to the exterior circulating cistern, or to the auxiliary
fresh air chamber.
The introduction to rooms in occupation of pure warm air neither too dry nor
too moist. To be in a healthgiving condition the air should hold its normal
amount of moisture; and as at 80° it will carry absorb and hold in latent condition
five times as much moisture as at freezing point, it should therefore have sufficient
moisture available to keep up its normally healthy condition according to the
thermometrical increase or decrease. This necessary condition is provided for in
the Apparatus thus:-As the heat in the chamber increases the evaporation from
the circulating trough increases in proportion; and by the increased inflow of cold
water and the quickened circulation from the exterior cistern undue saturation of
the air is prevented; and further, it can be tested hygrometrically and regulated
by a moveable lid, a perforated cover to trough, or other suitable appliance.
The introduction of materials or gases conducive to the preservation of health
and life through the medium of the circulating cistern and evaporating trough,
such as ozonized oxygen, super oxygenated water or suitable compound or gas
which is capable of being evaporated, absorbed and conducted by the air to the
points of delivery.
The introduction through the circulating mediums, and also by the insertion of
suitable boxes, baskets or frames into the air conduits, of any disinfectant odorant
or deodorant to be conducted by the Air to any point of delivery.
The Spiral exhaust Flue surrounding smoke flue which provides a constant and
efficient means for the extraction of all vitiated air, automatic in action.
The escapo flue connected with the Spiral Exhaust, which admits of the fire
being lighted in the stove when no heat is required in the building, the dampers in
the hot air conduits being shut off and those in the escape flue and cold air conduits
opened, to induce a suction current of greater velocity when required.
The application of the spiral exhaust Flue, combined with Stove and Smoke
flue, to Sewers, Tunnels, Ships, cellars and other rooms or Structures for the
purposes of Ventilation. For instance, a sewer or a Tuonel of one mile or of twenty
miles long may be thoroughly ventilated by one Spiral Shaft and one or more fresh
air inlets of proportionate capacity; and by means of one, two or more deodorizing
boxes, baskets or frames let into the Spiral Shaft at intervals all vitiated air can be
disinfected before passing into the atmosphere.
In the case of long Tunnels one or more Spiral branch tubes may be carried
along the roof or the sides horizontally with distance branch openings and the

page_text: whole conducted to the main shaft, The fresh air inlets may be carried along the
bottom, the sides or the roof, with branch distance openings corresponding or
intermediate to those in the spiral branch flues; by this means keeping up a
continuous circulation of air, The velocity of the upcast current being increased
by the stove at the base, conducting the smoke into the inner flue and the heated
air generated in chamber into the outer spiral exhaust flue.
I will now refer to the annexed Drawings from which the nature of my
Invention will be more clearly understood.
In these drawings like figures of reference relate to similar parts.
Figure 1. is a transverse Section shewing the stove, the air chambers, the smoke
flue, and the spiral exhaust flue. A is the Gill stove; B the hollow Base air
chambers; C the circulating water trough; D the smoke flue; E the Jacket; F the
general air chamber; I the influx conduit; J the efflux conduit; K the auxiliary
fresh air conduit and chamber, L the air filtering fraines; M the regulating dampers
or valves; O and P hot and cold air conduits to points of delivery; Q the Spiral
exhaust flue; S the rain cap or Guard; T the escape flue from general hot air
chamber to spiral exhaust flue.
Figure 2 is a longitudinal Section shewing the Stove, the circulating trough and
cistern, and the connection of same to trough. C is the trough; G is the cistern ;
Hthe inlet and outlet circulating conduits between cistern and trough.
Figure 3. is an end elevation shewing the circulating cistern G with dividing
web defined by dotted lines; R the ventilating air tubes at different levels branching
into spiral exhaust.
Figure 4. is a side elevation shewing the filtering frames and deodorant boxes
in air conduits. L. the air filtering frame; N the deodorant boxes.
Figures 5. 6. 7. are sections shewing the deodorant boxes, baskets and frames.
Figure 8. is a sectional view of Spiral Exhaust as adapted to Ship Ventilation.
D is the smoke pipe from stove; Q the Spiral Exhaust; S the rain guard, which
may be made in Sections and hinged to Smoke pipe, so that certain part or parts
may be closed or partially closed; U trunk Spiral Exhausts from upper deck
saloons; V trunk Spiral Exhausts from lower decks and holds. Into the trunk Spiral
Exhausts U and V, which lead to main Spiral exhaust, small exhaust tubes are
conducted from the different cabins, holds and other compartments.
In connection with this part of the system, downcast influx air tubes are fixed
in any convenient position and carried to the hot air and cold air chambers
respectively; and branch tubes are conducted from thence to each saloon cabin or
other compartment; the whole being controlled and regulated by valves or
dampers so as to keep up a continuous circulation of air in all parts of the ship.
Figure 8 will also apply for the Ventilation of Sewers, Mines, Tunnels and other
structures. D is the smoke pipe from Stove to increase the velocity of the upcast
current; U. and V. Trunk Spiral Exhausts into which small exhausts are branched
where necessary.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. The combination of the circulating water trough and cistern, substantially as
described.
2. The combination of the air chambers and air filters, substantially as described.
3. The deodorising Boxes, Baskets and Frames let into the air conduits, substan-
tially as described.
4. The Spiral Exhaust Flue and Smoke Flue combined substantially as described.
5. The Spiral Exhaust Flue combined and in conjunction with Stove and Smoke
Flue as applied to Drains, Sewers, Sewage systems, Tunnels, Mines, Ships, Stores,
Warehouses, Factories, Cellars; and buildings, structures, or compartments of any
other description, for the purposes of Ventilation, substantially as described.

page_text: 6. The general arrangement and combination of the apparatus for Heating, for
Cooling and for Ventilating the mechanism and appliances herein before set forth
and exhibited on the annexed Drawings, as and for the purposes aforesaid,
substantially as described, or any mere modification thereof.
Dated this 30th day of July 1884.