IMPROVEMENTS IN MUR MANTRA CRIED
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Matthias Edward Bowra, of Upper Norwood, in the
County of Surrey, Manufacturer, and Arthur Edward Francis, of
No. 10, Tokenhouse Yard, in the City of London, Gentleman, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MUR MANTRA CRIED
33
Sealed the 26th June 1863, and dated the 1st January 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Matthias Edward Bowra
and Arthur Edward Francis at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 1st January 1863.
We, MATTHIAS EDWARD BOWRA, of Upper Norwood, in the County of
Surrey, Manufacturer, and ARTHUR EDWARD FRANCIS, of No. 10, Tokenhouse
Yard, in the City of London, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ELASTIC
FABRICS," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in causing india-rubber or other elastic gums dis-
tended longitudinally (which at the same time are prevented from contracting
latitudinally) to adhere firmly by means of solution of an elastic quality, or
other suitable article, to a fabric made of cotton, silk, or wool, or other
suitable substance; which last-uamed fabric is distended longitudinally, but
allowed to contract latitudinally. When such india-rubber or other elastic
gums, and such other fabric as before mentioned are firmly fixed together,
they are then allowed to contract longitudinally, by which means an article
will be produced with elasticity in all directions.

page_text: We also produce an elastic fabric by distending longitudinally the aforesaid
article manufactured of cloth, wool, silk, or other substance, and while in
such state of distension by spreading thereon and causing to adhere thereto
india-rubber or other elastic gums in a state of solution after the same shall
have so adhered, the india-rubber or elastic gums not allowing the other sub-
stance to return to its previous state of distension latitudinally, the fabric
composed of these two substances combined will possess a latitudinal elasticity
caused by such longitudinal distension.
We apply the above Inventions, or one of them, for springs of boots, for
boots and shoes, belts, braces, doors, windows, surgical and other bandages,
and such other purposes as require a fabric with elasticity.
The process for producing the above articles may be effected either by a
frame, table, or other suitable means, and we then (if thought desirable)
ventilate and vulcanize the same, as described in the Specification to the
Letters Patent granted to Edward Bowra, on the Fifth day of November One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, No. 2779.
:
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Matthias Edward Bowra and Arthur Edward Francis in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th June 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we,' MATTHIAS
EDWARD BOWRA, of Upper Norwood, in the County of Surrey, Manufacturer,
and ARTHUR EDWARD FRANCIS, of No. 10, Tokenhouse Yard, in the City of
London, Gentleman, send greeting,
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Matthias Edward Bowra and Arthur Edward Francis, Her special
licence, that we, the said Matthias Edward Bowra and Arthur Edward
Francis, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we,
the said Matthias Edward Bowra and Arthur Edward Francis, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ELASTIC FABRICS,"

page_text: upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Matthias Edward
Bowra and Arthur Edward Francis, our exécutors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said. Matthias Edward Bowra and Arthur
Edward Francis, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object the production of an elastic fabric or
material consisting of a combination of fabrics with any suitable gums
in au
unvulcanized state, the whole so treated and combined in the process of
manufacture that when finished the said fabric or materials shall possess
elasticity.
..
Our first improvement consists in causing any suitable elastic gums when
formed into sheets of the required thickness and dimensions to be distended
in or upon suitably constructed frames or tables, in which the said sheets are
prevented from contracting crosswise, at the same time that they are distended
lengthwise, and vice versa; while these sheets are in this condition we cause
to adhere thereto firmly by means of any suitable adhesive solution pos-
sessing the requisite elastic qualities, by rollers or any suitable means such as
are usually used in the india-rubber works, any fabric made of cotton, wool,
silk, or other material adapted for the purpose, such fabric being also first
distended lengthwise, but allowed to contract crosswise. When the said
sheets of elastic gums and fabrics have been thus treated and caused to
adhere firmly together, the combined materials are released from their tension
and allowed to contract. By this means a fabric is produced possessing
elasticity in all directions.
Our second improvement consists in the production of an elastic fabric in
the following manner:-We distend suitable fabrics of wool, silk, cotton,
alpaca, or other materials lengthwise, and by this means cause them to
contract crosswise, and when so distended and contracted we cover them with
a coating of india-rubber, or other elastic gums, causing the said gums to
adbere firmly to the said fabrics by spreading machines, rollers, or other
suitable means, such as are commonly used in india-rubber works. We apply
the said gums either in a state of solution, or in sheets, or otherwise prepared
for the purpose; and when these gums are adhered to the fabric so distended

page_text: in a lengthwise direction, they prevent the same from returning to its previous
state of distension in a crosswise direction. The article produced by the
materials thus combined will possess elasticity in a crosswise direction.
We propose to apply the above-described elastic fabrics of our said
improved manufacture to or for the springs of boots and shoes, belts, braces,
doors, windows, tobacco pouches, bags, and the like, and to or for surgical or
other bandages; and also to or for such other purposes as the same are or
may be found to be adapted; and when required, we ventilate and vulcanize
the said combined materials in the ordinary manner, or as described in the
Specification to the Letters Patent granted to Edward Bowra, on the Fifth
day of November,. One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, No. 2779. The
said fabrics, materials, or articles being previously printed, impressed, or
otherwise ornamented with coloured or other patterns, impressions, or designs
if required.
Having thus explained the nature of our said Invention, and particularly
described the manner in which the said improvements are to be carried into
effect, we hereby further declare, that what we claim under the before-men-
tioned in part recited Letters Patent, is, the manufacture of the elastic fabrics
as herein specified.
In witness whereof, we, the said Matthias Edward Bowra and Arthur
Edward Francis, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-
ninth day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-three.
MF BOWDA