IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF WORTS OF Low GRAVITY OBTAINED FROM MALT AND HOPS IN THE PROCESS OF BREWING
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Daniel, of Burton-upon-Trent, in the County of
Stafford, Brewer to Messrs. Thomas Salt and Co., for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF WORTS OF Low GRAVITY OBTAINED
FROM MALT AND HOPS IN THE PROCESS OF BREWING."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Daniel at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th February 1880.
HENRY DANIEL, of Burton upon Trent, in the County of Stafford, Brewer to
Messrs. Thomas Salt & Co. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF WORTS OF
Low GRAVITY OBTAINED FROM MALT AND HOPS IN THE PROCESS OF BREWING."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the treatment of worts of low
gravity obtained from malt and hops in the process of brewing.
It is now the custom after boiling the hops with the wort to drain them in the
hop-back, and afterwards either to subject them to hydraulic or other pressure or
to wash them by frequent spargings of hot water. It is well known however
that it is impossible by pressure to extract from the hops all the valuable matter
they contain, and hitherto it has not been practicable to do so by washing, tho
last spargings or worts being of such low gravity as to be useless to the brewer.
Now I have discovered that by a novel and special process, these spargings or
worts of low gravity may, without the slightest injury to the saccharine and other
matters they contain, be rapidly concentrated until they are of sufficient gravity
to mix with the wort in which the hops were boiled, or with other worts, as may
be most desirable.
By this plan the whole of the valuable matter contained in the hops is utilized
by the brewer, and consequently a great saving both of malt and hops is effected.
This process consists in concentrating the spargings or worts of low gravity by
means of boiling them in a vacuum or partial vacuum until they are of any gravity
that may be desired, and for this purpose I use a vacuum pan provided with
steam-jacket and steam-coil, a float or other gauge to indicate the quantity of
wort in the pan, an "agitator" to break up the "head" of the wort and to prevent
frothing and boiling over, a vacuum gauge, a thermometer, and an air cock to
admit air in caso it should be found necessary during the boiling to decrease the
vacuum.

page_text: The vacuum pan is exhausted of air by means of an air pump connected to a
condenser (which may be either a surface or injection condenser), and the condensed
steam and water are discharged as they collect.
The vacuum pan being partially filled with the spargings or worts of low gravity,
the air is exhausted until the desired vacuum is obtained; the steam is then
admitted into the steam-jacket and heating-coil of the vacuum pan, and the wort
boils at a lower temperature and with much greater rapidity than under ordinary
atmospheric pressure; the "agitator" in the vacuum pan is worked for some
minutes before and after the boiling of the wort in order to break up the "head"
and to prevent frothing and boiling over.
The boiling is continued until the desired gravity is obtained, when the wort is
run off from the vacuum pan and is mixed with the wort in which the hops were
boiled, or with other worts, as may be most desirable.
The same process can be used for treating raw worts of low gravity, in which
case they would be concentrated in the manner above described until they were of
the desired gravity, and afterwards boiled with hops under ordinary atmospheric
pressure in the usual way; or if preferred, the operations might be reversed, and the
wort first boiled with the hops and afterwards concentrated to the desired gravity
in the manner above described.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Henry Daniel in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 16th August
1880.
HENRY DANIEL, of Burton upon Trent, in the County of Stafford, Brewer to
Messrs. Thomas Salt & Cor. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF WORTS OF
Low GRAVITY OBTAINED FROM MALT AND HOPS IN THE PROCESS OF BREWING."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the treatment of worts of low
gravity obtained from malt or other saccharine materials and hops in the process
of brewing. It is now the custom after boiling the hops with the wort to drain
them into the hop-back, and afterwards either to subject thein to hydraulic or
other pressure or to wash them by frequent spargings of hot water. It is well
known however that it is impossible by pressure to extract from the hops all the
valuable inatter they contain, and hitherto it has not been practicable to do so
by washing, the last spargings or worts being of such low gravity as to be useless
to the brewer.
Now I have discovered that by a novel and special process these spargings or
worts of low gravity may, without the slightest injury to the saccharine and other
matters they contain, be rapidly concentrated until they are of sufficient gravity
to mix with the worts in which the hops were boiled, or with other worts, as may
bo most desirable. By this plan the whole of the valuable matters contained in
the hops is utilized by the brewer, and consequently a great saving both of malt
and hops is effected.
This process consists in concentrating the spargings or worts of low gravity by
means of boiling them in a vacuum or partial vacuum until they are of any gravity
that may be desired, and for this purpose I use a vacuum pan provided with
steam jacket and steam coil, a float or other gauge to indicate the quantity of
wort in the pan, a vacuum gauge, a thermometer, and an air cock to admit air in
case it should be found necessary during the boiling to decrease the vacuum. The
vacuum pan is exhausted of air by means of an air pump connected to a condenser,
which may be either a surface or injection condenser, and the condensed steam and
water are discharged as they collect.
Π
The vacuum pan being partially filled with the spargings or worts of low gravity,
the air is exhausted until the desired vacuum is obtained; the steam is then
admitted into the steam jacket and heating coil of the vacuum pan, and the wort
boils at a lower temperature and with much greater rapidity than under ordinary
atmospheric pressure. The boiling is continued until the desired gravity is
obtained, when the wort is run off from the vacuum pan and is mixed with the
wort in which the hops were boiled, or with other worts, as may be most
desirable.
The same process can be used for treating raw worts of low gravity, in which
case they would be concentrated in the manner above described until they were
of the desired gravity, and afterwards boiled with hops under ordinary atmospheric
pressure in the usual way; or if preferred, the operations might be reversed, and
the wort first boiled with the hops, and afterwards concentrated to the desired
gravity in the manner above described.
In the Drawings hereunto annexed I have shown apparatus suitable for carrying
out the process above described.
Figure 1 of the Drawings annexed is a side elevation of a vacuum pan for
boiling the worts; Figure 2 is a plan. A is the vacuum pan, the lower part of
which is surrounded by a steam jacket A'; B is a pipe through which the air is
pumped out of the pan; C is the condenser; C', a jet by which a spray of cold
water is introduced into the condenser ; D is the air pump; E is the opening,
provided with a tight fitting cover through which the pan is filled; F is the outlet

page_text: fitted with suitablo tap or sluice for drawing off the wort when sufficiently
concentrated.
I do not confine myself to a vacuum pan of above form or construction, any closed
vessel wherein a vacuum or partial vacuum may be produced being sufficient for
the purpose of carrying out my process.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention and the manner of
performing the same, I declare that what I claim as my Invention is,-
First. The treatment by concentration under a vacuum or partial vacuum of
boiled worts of low gravity to obtain worts of sufficient gravity to be of value to
the brewer, substantially as described.
Second. The treatment by concentration under a vacuum or [partial vacuum of
raw worts of low gravity to obtain worts of sufficient gravity to be of value
to the brewer, substantially as herein before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Daniel, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Eleventh day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty.
TRADY DANT