Improvements in Machines for Carving Marble and other Substances.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 10th May, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 11th Mar., 1895-Accepted, 10th May, 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for Carving Marble and other
Substances.
I AUGUSTO GUATTARI, of Cannon Street Hotel in the City of London,
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the mechanical production of carved work in intaglio or
in relief on marble, wood, metal, or other material by the action of rotating
milling cutters which are moved in every direction over and towards and from the
work under the guidance of a tracer or feeler which is traversed either by hand
or mechanically over the pattern or model to be reproduced. The work may be
executed either upon the same or a different scale to that of the pattern, the
apparatus being varied only as regards the details of construction.
The revolving cutters are mounted on spindles capable of oscillating in all
directions, being for this purpose hung in bearings which work as balls in sockets
carried by a cross shaft supported in standards, and capable of being adjusted
longitudinally by means of hand nuts screwing on its ends or by means of a
traversing screw working in a nut carried by said shaft. Upon this cross shaft is
also hung by means of a ball and socket the spindle to whose lower end is attached
any suitable device for following the contours of the pattern to be reproduced and
transmitting the corresponding rising and falling movements to the cutting tools.
This feeler has entire freedom of movement and is adjustable for height by means
of a hand nut. The cutter and feeler spindles are connected together by means
of parallel jointed cross links in such manner that any movement imparted to the
feeler spindle will be transmitted to the cutter spindles. The cutter spindles are
driven by a belt running on sheaves mounted in apertures formed in the ball and
socket bearings and actuated from a pulley driven through bevel gear from the main
driving pulley. The cutter spindles are connected with their pullies by a feather
and groove to permit of the rising and falling motion of the cutters and their
spindles under the control of the feeler spindle and connections whilst the cutters
are constantly rotated at a high rate of speed. The ball and socket bearings and
the joints by which the crcss links are connected to the guide frames of the cutter
spindles enable the latter to be inclined without interfering with the movement of
the cutters.
Beneath each cutter and also beneath the feeler is placed a carriage each
mounted upon rollers running on rails fixed upon a bed, the middle carriage carrying
The outer
the pattern, and the other carriages, the slabs to be operated on.
carriages are coupled together by brackets and move together while allowing
independent adjustment of the middle carriage, the notions of the carriages on the
rails being imparted by means of handles on the squared ends of the screws working
in nuts fixed to the undersides of the carriages, but this arrangement may be varied
without departing from the invention.
In order to balance the weight of the cutter spindles and enable the configuration
of the pattern to be more easily followed, counterbalance weights are mounted on
levers which engage with one of the cross links so as to tend to raise the spindles,
the counterbalanced levers being mounted in sockets universally pivoted on a cross
bar of the frame as a horizontal axis and the ends of the levers slide in a socket

page_text: universally pivoted to the cross link so that the levers may partake in all the
movements thereof. Any suitable arrangements may be adopted to prevent
vibration and ensure regularity of working.
In order to mechanically traverse the feeler and cutters over the pattern and
work a compound adjustment is employed which is mounted upon the main frame
and consists of a slide movable on longitudinal guides by a hand screw upon which
a second slide operated by another land screw is movable on a transverse guide,
this second slide being coupled to the feeler.
In another arrangement the cutter and feeler spindles instead of being free to
swing as before described remain vertical and are able to follow the contours of
the pattern by being mounted to slide up and down in bearings supported by
carriages travelling on horizontal arms, pivoted on vertical axes mounted on the
framing, the horizontality of the arms being maintained and shake prevented by
their free ends being furnished with upwardly and downwardly bearing rollers
bearing against the top and bottom of a horizontal guide channel in the frame.
In order that the cutters may accurately follow the movement imparted to the
feeler, to each carriage is connected by ball and socket joint a vertical suspension
rod which slides freely through another ball and socket joint mounted on a frame
or support; the suspension rods are hung on counterweighted levers and they, as
also the cutter and feeler spindles, are braced together, as before described, by
cross links.
The cutters are driven at a high velocity by means of belts passing
around pulleys on those spindles and round guide pullies on the arms on which the
carriages travel and round driving pullies concentric with the pivotal axes of said
arms. The carriages have friction rollers bearing on each face of their guide
arms, so as to render the movement as smooth and regular as possible.
For carving regular figures, such as ovals, or repeats of the same design,
I attach to the machine a mechanical templet or tool guiding device consisting of
a stationary guide or templet corresponding in form to the figure to be produced,
a slide able to move in radial guides on a rotating carrier frame but constrained
to follow the form of the templet, another tool spindle guiding slide moving
circularly and radially with the first, under the control of the templet, the two
slides being connected by a screw adjustment whereby to vary the radial distance
of the tool spindle from the templet and consequently the dimensions of the figure
described by the tool relatively to that of the templet. The last mentioned slide
is connected to the tool spindle by a spherical or ball and socket bearing permitting
the variation of the angular position of the tool spindle under the control of the
slide and templet, and permitting also the longitudinal adjustment and rotary motion
of the spindle.
When the oval or other figure thus produced is to be formed with a regularly
repeated series of bosses, undulations, or the like, the socket carrying slide of the
ball and socket or spherical bearing of the cutter spindle would be fitted in guides
in a lever which is constrained to oscillate in a plane normal to the work under
the control of an undulating or other pattern surface formed on the stationary part
or frame of the templet, so as to move the tool towards and from the work in
conformity with such pattern surface and so produce a replica of the pattern upon
the work.
Dated this 10th day of May 1804

page_text: UUMI UNIN DI DUITIVATION.
Improvements in Machines for Carving Marble and other
Substances.
I, AUGUSTO GUATTARI of Cannon Street Hotel in the City of London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to the mechanical production of carved work in intaglio
or in relief on marble, wood, metal or other material by the action of rotating
milling cutters under the guidance of a tracer or feeler which is traversed either
by hand or mechanically over the pattern or model to be reproduced.
In order that the invention may be more readily understood, reference is to be
had to the accompanying drawings forming part of this Specification, wherein,
Figure 1 represents an elevation; Figure 2 a plan, and Figure 3 an end elevation
of the machine.
Figure 4 is a plan view of mechanism for controlling the horizontal movements
of the tracer or feeler.
Figure 5 is a plan, and Figure 6 a part sectional edge view of a mechanical
templet or guiding device for use in carving borders or frames of oval or other
regular form.
Figure 7 is a modification of the mechanical templet for producing a regularly
undulating surface or other regularly repeated fancy pattern on the oval or other
border or frame.
Figure 8 is a plan, and Figure 9 an elevation of a modified construction of
carving machine.
Figure 10 is a plan showing the means of driving the cutters, and also a modifi-
cation of the arrangement illustrated in Figure 1 for the transverse adjustment of
the cutter and feeler, spindle, ball and socket bearings.
The revolving cutters a are mounted on the lower ends of pendent spindles b
(Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4) capable of being swung about freely in all directions, being
for this purpose fitted to turn in and slide through bearings c which are spherical
externally and work as balle in spherical sockets & carried by a cross bar g supported
in standards e. This cross barg has a third ball and socket bearing in which is
fitted to slide the spindle k, to whose lower end is attached any suitable feeler
for following the contours of the pattern to be reproduced and transmitting
corresponding rising and falling movements to the cutting tools a. This feeler lis
adjustable for height by means of a hand nut m and like the cutter spindles, is
free to swing in any direction, the cutter and feeler spindles being coupled together
by means of parallel jointed cross links nps in such manner that any swinging and
rising or falling movements imparted to the feeler spindle will be transmitted to
the cutter spindles b also. The cutter spindles are rotated by a belt running on
sheaves mounted in apertures formed in the spherical bearings c and actuated
from a pulley 2 driven through bevel gear e² d² from the main driving pulley f²,
the cutter spindles being connected with their pulleys 9 by a feather and groove r
to permit of the spindles sliding through their sheaves q in order to produce the
rising and falling motion of the cutters under the guidance of the feeler whilst
the cutters are constantly rotated at a high rate of speed. The cutter spindles rotate
in guide sockets fitted on the spindles between collars, and to these sockets the
cross links are connected by the joints tu, the guide sockets of the same cutter
spindle being connected together by protecting bars. The spindles may thus be
swung or inclined about their spherical bearings as centres, and also slide through
their bearings, in order to produce the rising and falling movements, without
interfering with the rotary movement of the cutters.

page_text: The bar g is capable of adjustment either by means of hand nuts (Figure 1)
screwing on its ends h, or by means of a traversing screw a working in a nut b
carried by said shaft g, as shown in Figure 10, to enable the feeler and cutter
spindles to be simultaneously adjusted in the lateral direction in relation to the
pattern and work.
Beneath each cutter, and also beneath the feeler, is placed a carriage v, each
mounted upon rollers running on rails fixed upon a bed a, the middle carriage
carrying the pattern to be followed by the feeler, and the other carriages the slabs
to be operated on. The latter carriages are coupled together by brackets g² and
are moved together along their rails by the rotation of a traversing screw h²
working in nuts 22 in said brackets, in order to bring the pattern and work into
proper position beneath the feeler and cutter spindles, an independent adjustment
of the middle carriage being allowed for by means of a second screw motion /²,
each screw being turned by a handle on its squared end, but this arrangement may
be varied without departing from the invention.
In order to balance the weight of the cutter spindles and enable the contours of
the pattern to be more easily followed, counterbalance weights are mounted on
levers a which engage with one of the cross links n so as to tend to raise the
spindles, the counterbalanced levers being mounted in sockets 61 universally
pivoted on a cross bar d' of the frame as a horizontal axis, and the ends of the
levers slide in a socket universally pivoted to the cross liuk n so that the levers a¹
may partake in all the movements thereof. Any suitable arrangements may be
adopted to prevent vibration and ensure regularity of working.
In order to mechanically traverse the feeler and cutters, over the pattern and
work a compound adjustment is employed which is mounted upon the main frame e
and consists of a slide 12 (Figure 4) movable on longitudinal guides ² by a hand
screw m², and of a second slide p² operated by another hand screw q² movable on a
transverse guide n², this second slide being coupled to the feeler l.
For carving regular figures such as oval or other borders or frames surrounding
medallion or other carvings produced by the machine operating as above described,
I attach to the machine a mechanical templet or tool guiding device illustrated in
Figures 5, 6 and 7 consisting of a stationary guide or templet A having a guide
groove B corresponding in form to the figure to be produced. This templet is
removably fixed in an outer rim so that it may be readily changed for another
when required. A slide D able to move in diametrical radial guides E on a
rotating tool traversing frame F is constrained to follow the form of the templet
by a stud C attached to the slide D and received in the groove B. To the slide D
is coupled a second slide G movable in the same guides E and carrying the socket
of a spherical bearing H in which the tool spindle I is free to slide. This tool
spindle guiding slide G partakes in the circular and radial movement of the slide D
under the control of the templet, the two slides being connected by an adjusting
screw T whose flanged end is fixed in a bracket U carried by slide G, the screw
passing through a nut in the boss of a bevel wheel R confined by a bracket S
carried by the slide D. The wheel R is turned by a bevel wheel Q and hand
wheel P to enable the radial distance of the tool spindle from the templet, and
consequently the dimensions of the figure described by the tool relatively to that
of the templet, to be varied, so that figures of the same form but of various
dimensions may be produced from the same templet. The spherical bearing H
permits the variation of the angular position of the tool spindle under the
control of the slide and templet, and also the longitudinal and rotary motion of
the spindle.
The tool traversing frame F is rotated within an outer stationary ring frame F¹
for the purpose of traversing the tool over the work under the guidance of the
templet, by hand wheel K, bevel pinions L M, and pinion N mounted on the outer
frame and gearing with peripheral teeth on the frame F. When this templet or
tool guiding device is used, the functions of the feeler would, of course, be
suspended.

page_text: When the oval or other frame or border thus produced is to be formed with a
regularly repeated series of undulations or the like, the device shown in Figure 7
is used, wherein the socket carrying slide of the spherical bearing Y of the cutter
spindle would be fitted in guides in a lever V which is pivoted at Z on the rotating
frame F and is constrained to oscillate in a plane normal to the work by an
undulating or other pattern surface formed on the stationary ring frame F¹, the
lever being provided with a friction roller W pressed against the pattern surface
by a spring X.
Figures 8 and
illustrate another arrangement of carving machine in which the
cutter and feeler spindles instead of being free to swing as in the before described
machine, remain vertical and are able to follow the contours of the pattern by
being mounted to slide up and down in bearings supported by carriages / travelling
on horizontal arms pivoted on vertical axes ¹ mounted on the framing, the
horizontality of the arms being maintained and shake prevented by their free ends
being furnished with upwardly and downwardly bearing rollers bearing against the
top and bottom of a horizontal guide channel in the frame.
In order that the cutters may accurately follow the movement imparted to the
feeler, each carriage is connected by a ball and socket joint m' to a vertical
suspension rod n¹ which slides freely through another ball and socket joint pl
mounted on a frame or support 7', the suspension rods n' being hung on counter-
weighted levers o' and they, as also the cutter and feeler spindles, being braced
together as before described by cross links. The cutters are driven at a high
velocity by means of belts & passing around pulleys on those spindles and round
guide pulleys on the arms on which the carriages travel, and round driving
pulleys u concentric with the pivotal axes of said arms. The carriages ¹ have
friction rollers bearing on each face of their guide arms, so as to render the
movement as smooth and regular as possible.
A mechanical templet such as shown in Figures 5, 6, 7, may be applied to this
machine also for guiding the cutting tool in the production of oval or other borders
or frames whether plain or ornamented.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a machine for the mechanical reproduction of carved work, the combination
of feeler and revolving cutter spindles, mounted in spherical bearings so as to be
capable of swinging in all directions, and fitted to slide through said spherical
bearings so as to rise and fall under the guidance of the pattern, the said spindles
being so coupled as to swing and rise or fall simultaneously and counterweighted
as described, and of beds for the pattern and work movable in relation to the feeler
and cutter spindles, substantially as specified.
2. In a carving machine such as described, the combination with the freely
swinging feeler and revolving cutter spindles fitted to swing and slide in spherical
bearings, and coupled so as to move together in all directions, as described, of
counterweighted levers universally pivoted and coupled to the spindle swinging
frame, as specified.
3. In a carving machine such as described, the combination with the freely
swinging feeler and revolving cutter spindles fitted to swing on and slide in
spherical bearings and coupled so as to move together in all directions as described,
of means for mechanically moving the said spindles over the pattern and work,
substantially as described.
4. In a carving machine, the combination of vertical feeler and revolving cutter
spindles free to slide up and down in carriages travelling on borizontal parallel
swinging arms guided in the frame, the carriages being connected by spherical
joints to counterweighted suspension rods, the spindles and rods being coupled so
as to move together, as specified.
5. The combination with the revolving cutter spindles of either of the herein

page_text: described carving machines, of a mechanical templet or tool guiding device
consisting of a compound circularly and radially moving slide guiding the tool
spindle under the control of a changeable oval or other shaped annular templet,
substantially as specified.
Dated this 9th day of March 1895.
A. M. & WM. CLARK,
53, Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agents.