IMPROVED TYPE SETTING AND DISTRI- BUTING APPARATUS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Springmann, one of the Firm of Carl Pieper, Civil
Engineer and Patent Agent, resident at 109-110, Gneisenaustrasse, Berlin,
S.W., Prussia, for an Invention of "IMPROVED TYPE SETTING AND DISTRI-
BUTING APPARATUS." A communication from Ernst Wilhelm Brackelsberg,
TT
15
T
D
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Springmann at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th April 1881.
HENRY SPRINGMANN, one of the Firm of Carl Pieper, Civil Engineer and Patent
Agent, resident at 109-110, Gneisenaustrasse, Berlin, S.W., Prussia. " IMPROVED
TYPE SETTING AND DISTRIBUTING APPARATUS." A communication from Ernst
Wilhelm Brackelsberg, of Hagen, Westphalia, Kingdom of Prussia.
This Invention relates to a type-setting and type-distributing apparatus of a
simpler and therefore more reliable arrangement than those hitherto executed.
The apparatus comprises three main parts, viz., the type-case, the setting..
mechanism, and the distributing-mechanism. All these parts are placed at an
incline, so that the types will slide downward in the channels within which they
are contained.
The type-case consists of a number of parallel channels or grooves, each con-
taining a single row of types of the same denomination. The bottom of each
channel has an aperture at its front or lower end, corresponding in size to the
thickness of the type. These apertures may be cut into an exchangeable ledge
forming the fore-part of bottom of the type-case. Across the top of the front end
of the type-channels a loose bar is placed, serving to hold down the types.
The setting-mechanism is a device which is moveable on guides at a right angle
to and in front of the type-channels, so that it may be brought opposite to any one
of the channels for the purpose of ejecting a type into the composing-case which is
fixed to it. This setting-mechanism consists in the first place of an ejector-bar
suitably guided in a direction parallel to the types in the type-case, and drawn
upward by a spring. At its lower end and in a line with the front type of any
D
.
1031

page_text: row, it carries a tongue by which the types are pushed downward into the com-
posing-case below it. The types dropping into this race are prevented from falling
on their side by means of a slide-rest provided with a spring which causes a certain
frictional resistance. Any type transferred into the race is pushed forward together
with those transferred previously, by means of the type-driver actuated by any
suitable intermediate mechanism from the afore-said ejector-bar. The rear end of
the type-driver serves in cooperation with vertical grooves arranged beneath the
type-channels and corresponding with them, for correcting the position of the
setting-mechanism, i.e., for exactly shifting it into its place, after this has been done
approximatively by hand. For the said purpose the rear end of the type-driver is
chamfered on both sides, as are also the projecting-ledges between the said vertical
grooves.
The setting-mechanism is fixed on a bar provided with a pointer. Opposite to
the course of the latter there is a register of all the types, and the arrangement is
so made that, when the pointer is on the centre of any letter or other character of
the register, the type-ejector will be exactly above the corresponding type, and the
composing-race below it.
The said setting-mechanism having been shifted by hand so that its pointer is on
or near the centre of the letter, &c., of the register, having the same denomination
as the type required, the ejector-bar is depressed also by hand or by means of a
device operated by the foot. The rear end of the type-driver is thereby made to
enter into the vertical groove which is opposite to it at the time being, whereby
the position of the setting-mechanism is corrected, in case it should not be perfectly
true. At the same time room is made in the composing-race by the driver receding
while the ejector enters into a slit between the front-wall of the type-case, and the
afore-mentioned holding-down-bar. The ejector progressing on its downward
course pushes the front type from the type-channel into the composing-race. The
ejector-bar is thereupon allowed to be drawn upward by its spring; the intermediate
gear in consequence withdraws the rear end of the type-driver from the vertical
groove into which it had entered, and causes it to push the row of types in the
composing-race forward by the thickness of the type last introduced. The holding-
down-bar prevents the type next to the one expelled from being drawn along by
the ejector when receding.
The distributing of types is effected by the distributing-mechanism in cooperation
with certain arrangements at the upper or rear end of the type-casc.
The distributing-mechanism comprises principally a distributing-race for the
reception of the line or lines to be decomposed, and the parts serving to correct the
position of the mechanism, and to eject the front type from the distributing-race
into the corresponding type-channel.
The said mechanism is moveable in the same manner as the setting-device, and
the arrangement for causing its race to be brought in a plane with any one of the
type-channels is also the same as hereinbefore described with regard to this device.
The distributing-race however travels with its fore-end above the type-channels,
while the composing-race projects under them.
Below the fore-end of the distributing-race a bar is placed across the top of the
type-channels, and fixed thereto. This bar serves to support the front types in
the race, which is open at the bottom, and into the bar notches are cut, having each
the size of the types contained in the channels underneath. The bar may be
exchanged for another one having notches of different depth when types of other
thickness are to be distributed
The operating parts of the distributing-mechanism comprises three bars moveable
in a direction parallel with the types, and a bar serving as type-driver and as
medium for correcting the position of the distributer. Of the said three bars, No. 1
is operated upon by hand or by the foot, and imparts motion to bars No. 2 and 3
by the medium of springs, and to the type-driver by means of cam-surfaces
and a lever, or by other suitable intermediate gear. No. 2 is the ejector-bar,
carrying at its bottom end, while No. 3 serves to hold down the types when the

page_text: ejector ascends. Bar No. 1 is drawn upward by a spring, whereas the springs
serving to transmit motion from No. 1 to Nos. 2 and 3, which are attached with
one end to No. 1, and with the other end to bars No. 2 and No. 3 respectively tend
to draw this bars downward, the relative motion of the bars being however limited
by certain stops. The types in the distributing-race are pushed forward by a
follower provided with a spring or with a weight.
When the bar No. 1 is depressed, three different periods may be distinguished in
the operation of the device. During the first period bar No. 1 causes, by its cam-
surface and the intermediate gear, an advance of the type-driver. The forward
end of the same, which is bevelled on both sides, enters into the end of the type-
channel, the partitions between which may also be bevelled. The position of the
distributor is thereby corrected. At the same time bars No. 2 and No. 3 descend
by as much as No. 1.
During the second period the cam-surface on No. 1 does not cause the type-driver
to move; bars No. 2 and No. 3 however descend further with No. 1. The ejector
at the end of bar No. 2 expels the front type from the distributing-race, and makes
it drop into the type-channel below it, where it is maintained upright (together
with the types which may have been previously introduced) by a frictional slide-
rest, whereas the holding-down-bar is pressed on the edges of the distributing-race
and the ejector-bar on a lateral projection of the latter.
In the third period bars No. 2 and No. 3 remain at rest, while No. 1 progresses
downward against the strain of the expanding spring connections between No. 1
and Nos. 2 and 3, and by its cam-surface acting on the intermediate gear causes
the type-driver to advance another step, and to push the row of types forward in
the type-channel by the thickness of the type last introduced.
The return motion of the three bars is produced by the spring, with which bar
No. 1 is provided, and by the projections or shoulders on the bars operating on each
other. The type-driver and the intermediate gear are or may be returned to their
position of rest by a separate spring.
The types having been distributed are allowed to slide towards the front end of
the type-channels by hand, so as to be brought again under the action of the
setting-device. The distributing apparatus may, if preferred, be made separate
from the setting-apparatus.
A modification of the distributing-race consists in making the fore-part of its
bottom out of a flat spring, especially flexible at its free end, so that when the
ejector presses on a type it will bend and allow the type to pass. In this case the
herein before described bar fixed on top of the rear end of the type-channels and
provided with notches is not required. The said spring may also be applied to the
bottom of the type-channel.

page_text: in size to the thickness of the type (see Figs. 1 and 7). The said apertures may be,
formed by notches cut into a ledge f, which can be exchanged for another such
ledge having notches of different depth. This arrangement allows the apparatus to
be employed for setting types of different width, as the only alteration required in
such case is to make the depth of the apertures i correspond to the width of the
types. Across the top of the front end of the type-channels a loose bar k is placed,
which serves to hold down the types. Between this bar and the projecting edge
of the plate or wall c there is a narrow slit. Instead of the bar ka holding-down-
bar, similar to the one hereafter to be described with reference to the distributing-
mechanism, may however be used.
The setting-mechanism or composer B is a device which is movable on guides at
a right angle to and in front of the type-channels, so that it may be brought
opposite to any one of these channels for the purpose of ejecting a type into the
composing-race, which is fixed to it. The said mechanism consists, in the first place,
of an ejector-bar t suitably guided in a direction parallel to the types contained in
the type-case, and drawn upward by a spring u. At its lower end and in a line
with the front type of any row, the bar t carries the tongue or ejector 7, by which the
types are pushed downward into the composing-race 7. The types dropping into
this race are prevented from falling on their side by means of a slide-rest
provided with a spring, which, by pressing against the side-wall of the race, causes
a certain frictional resistance. Any type transferred into the composing-race is
pushed forward, together with those transferred previously by means of the type-
driver a projecting into the race from the rear. This type-driver is actuated by
the rod t by means of its inclined surface c¹ and of the lever a¹, whose lower end
engages in a notch cut into the arm e' fixed to the driver, and sliding in a suitable
guide (see Fig. 4); f¹is a spring, which, by acting on the arm e¹, draws the
driver into the composing-race, and which consequently also presses the top end of
the lever a¹ against the bar t. The spring f¹ may be omitted in case the bar t is
provided, for instance, with a slit of suitable form in which a pin engages, which
is fixed to the lever. For moving the driver in the required manner by the bar t;
other arrangements might however also be employed.
The rear party of the type-driver serves, in cooperation with the vertical
grooves m arranged beneath the type-channels for correcting the position of the
composer, i.c., for exactly shifting it into its place after this has been done
approximatively by hand. For the said purpose the rear end of the part y, which is
to be called the adjuster, is chamfered on both sides, as are also the projecting
ledges between the grooves m. Instead of these grooves, holes widened out
conically at the front end night also be employed, in which case the adjuster
would have to consist of a pointed pin fitting into the said holes.
The composer is fixed on a bar p guided between two ledges n, or in other
suitable manner, and provided with a knob k' and a pointer q. Opposite to the
course of the latter there is a register o of the types contained in the channels b,
and the arrangement is so made that when the pointer q is on the centre of any
letter or other character of the register, the composing-racer will be exactly below
the one of the channels b which contains the types corresponding to such letter or
character; at the same time the ejector is exactly above the front type within
the said channel,
The operation of this part of the apparatus is as follows:-
The slide-rest in the composing-race having been pushed close to the driver x,
the composer B is so shifted by hand and by aid of the knob, that its pointer q is
brought on or nearly on the line indicating the centre of the letter, &c., having the
same denomination of the type to be set. The ejector-bar is then depressed and
allowed to ascend again. The type is thereby transferred into the composing-
race 7.
When the bar t begins to descend, its inclined surface c¹ acts on the lever a³,
which consequently pushes the driver backward, whereby a space for a type is
produced in the race 7. Simultaneously the adjuster y, at the rear end of the type-

page_text: driver, enters into the groove m which is opposite to it at the time being, and
supposing the true position of the composer not to have been fully attained by hand,
the adjuster when entering into the groove shifts the composer precisely into its
proper place, so that the top end of the composing-racer is brought exactly under
the channel b, which contains the required types. The adjuster having completely
entered into the groove m keeps the composer locked during the remaining part of
the operation. The bart descending further, the ejector 2 fixed to t enters into the
slit between the front wall c of the type-case and the holding-down-bar k, and
thereupon pushes the front type from the channel b into the composing-race r.
The wall c and the bark are bevelled at their opposite upper edges, so that the
ejector may easily enter into the slit between the same. At the point where the
type drops into the composing-race the edges of the side-walls of the latter are also
bevelled. It may yet be observed that the bar k only rests by its weight (to which
the tension of a spring may be added) on the type-channels, so that it can give
way towards the rear in case the ejector should press against it.
The ejector-bar t having been released, the spring u draws it upward together
with the ejector. During this motion of the latter, the type which is now in front
of the row, and. which is pressed against the ejector, is prevented from being drawn
along the same by means of the bar k. During the latter part of the ascending
motion of the bar t, the driver x acts by the force of the spring f¹ on the type
which has been deposited, and pushes it forward together with the slide-rest l¹ by
a distance equal to its thickness. At the same time the adjuster y recedes from
the groove m, so that the composer may be shifted again. The ejector having left
the channel b, the row of types contained therein, and which is impelled by its
own weight and by the weight of the follower j, slides forward on the inclined
bottom of the channel, and again presses the front type against the wall c.
relative effect of the follower jincreases as the number of types in the row becomes
smaller.
The
For the purpose of making the Drawing more comprehensible, the bar t has been
represented as being provided with a knob at its upper end.. It is however the
intention of the inventor to depress this bar by means of a horizontal bar arranged
above the former and parallel to the guides n, and to which a vertical reciprocating
motion is to be imparted either by hand or by means of a treadle.
By the successive adjustments of the composer, according to the letters of the
manuscript and by the repeated depression of the ejector-bar, the required types
are deposited in the composing-race in a line, which is thereupon removed by hand
and united with the lines composed previously.
The distributing of types is effected by the distributer C in cooperation with
certain arrangements at the upper or rear end of the type case (see Figs. 1, 2, and
9 to 17).
To the upper end of the type-channels b a cross-bar m¹ is fixed, provided with
notches which correspond in position with the channels b, and in size with the
types contained therein. This bar may be exchanged to another one having
notches of different depth, when types of other thickness are to be distributed. In
each type-channel there is a slide-rest ', similar to the one described with regard
to the composing-race r, and which by its friction against the walls of the channel
keeps the types in upright position, and prevents them from sliding. These slide-
rests reach with their end nearly to the bar m' when they are pushed with their
shoulder against the bar o'. Near the upper edge of the frame A are arranged
the guides p' between or on which the distributer slides. q' is a register of the
different types, which corresponds in the same manner with the channels b as the
register o.
The distributer comprises principally the distributing-race t¹ for the reception of
the line or lines to be decomposed, and the mechanism, which after having corrected
the position of the distributers transfers the front type from the race t¹ into the
corresponding type-channel b. The distributer is fixed to a bar provided at its
other end with a pointer s¹, which is in the same relation to the distributing-race t¹,

page_text: as the pointer q is to the composing-race, that is to say, when the pointer s¹ is
adjusted on a certain character of the register q¹, the race t' is in a plane with that
one of the channels b which contains the types, corresponding in denomination with
the said character. The distributing-race however travels with its fore end above
the type-channels, while the composing-race projects under them.
The operating parts of the distributer comprise in the first place the ejector-bar u¹,
the holding-down-bar w', and the bar a³, by which motion is imparted to the other
movable parts. These three bars are placed by the side of each other in a common
guide (see Fig. 15), and they move in a direction parallel to the types. The bar x¹
is drawn upward by a spring 2². To the lower end of the bar u¹ the ejector u² is
so fixed that it is in a line with the front type contained in the distributing-race t'.
The said bar u¹ is connected with the bar 1 by the spring 62, which tends to
draw u' downward relatively to x', but the action of this spring is limited by the
contact of the projection of the bar u' with the projection a² of the bar x. In a
similar manner the bar w¹ is connected with the bar x¹ by the spring c², which
draws the former downward in respect to ¹, the motion being in this case limited
by a pin d screwed into bar u¹, and by the length of the slit ca cut into the bar w',
the said pin projecting into this slit. Other equivalent arrangements for limiting
the motion of the bars u¹ and w¹ may however be employed.
In the lower part of the distributer the bar m² is placed, which serves as adjuster
for correcting the position of the distributer, and also as driver for the types
transferred into the channels b. When the bar x¹ is depressed the said bar m² is
moved forward in two steps by the two inclined surfaces 2 and k³ provided for on
the back of the bar a¹, and by the medium of the lever f2 which engages with its
lower end in a notch cut into a lateral projection of the bar m' (see Figs. 9, 10, 11,
12, and 16). The bar a¹ being released, the spring draws it upward, while the
spring o returns the bar m² and the lever f into their normal position. The
distributing-race is closed in front by the part v carrying a transverse piece 72
serving to close notch n' of the bar m¹ through which a type is to be pushed. The
bottom of the distributing-race is open at the front end, and the types are
here supported by the aforesaid bar m', which thus virtually forms a continuation
of the bottom of t¹.
One or more lines to be distributed having been put into the race. ¹ the
follower is inserted, which being impelled forward by the spring w² presses the
types against the front wall o' of the race (instead of this spring-follower a weight
might however be employed, as in the type-channels b). The slide-rests l', in the
channels bare then all pushed with their shoulder against the bar o', whereby
they are brought in the position proper for supporting the first type transferred
from the distributing-race into any channel b. Hereupon the apparatus is so
shifted that the pointer 8' points approximatively on the centre of the letter of the
register q', which corresponds with the first type to be deposited, and finally the
bar x is depressed and released again. The effect hereof is as follows:-
During the first period of the downward motion of the bar a' the inclined surface i²,
acting on the lever f³, causes the bar m² to be shifted forward and to enter into the
corresponding type-channel. The fore end of the bar and the rear end of the
partition-walls between the channels b being bevelled on both sides (see Fig. 11),
the described motion produces a correction of the position of the distributer in
every case in which it has not been adjusted accurately by hand. After the
correction, the race t¹ will consequently be truly above the channel b (see Fig. 9
with position of x in dotted lines, and Fig. 11). The bars u' and w¹ descend in
the first period by as much as x¹.
During the second period of the motion the straight surface of the bar x¹
slides along the end of the lever f2; the lever and the bar m² will consequently
remain at rest. The two bars u¹ and w¹ however descend further with the bar x¹.
The holding-down-bar is pressed by the tension of the spring 2, with its projections d³,
Fig. 17, against the top of the walls of the race t', so that its foot c³ does not
touch the types; the bar u¹, on the other hand, causes the ejector u², fixed thereto,*

page_text: to press against the type which is below the same, and to push it by the tension
of the spring 62 through the notch n into the type-channel b, see Figs. 9 and 11.
The bar u finally strikes against the foot of the bar w', whereby its motion is
stopped.
In the third period the bar x¹ completes its downward course against the strain
of the spring e2 and 62 (which are forced to expand on account of the stoppage of
2 and w²), and in acting by its inclined surface 2 and by the medium of the
lever on the bar m², it pushes the same further into the channel b. The
bar m² for its part drives the deposited type and the slide-rest l forward by
the thickness of the type for the purpose of producing the necessary space for
the following type (see Figs. 10 and 12). The bar m² thus moves forward in
two steps, having an interval between them, in which the type is transferred
from the channel b to the race t'. The stroke of the bar a is limited by a screw b³
striking against the edge of the race t¹.
The arrangement of the mechanism serving to impart motion to the bar m² by
the bar a may as well be varied as the corresponding mechanism of the composer.
During the upward motion of the bar a¹ produced by the spring 2², the bar m² is
first drawn backward by the amount of its second forward motion. This may be
effected by the spring o² attached to m². The projection a² on the bar a thereupon
striking against the projection z¹ of the bar u¹, the latter is forced to follow the
bar x, and the ejector u² is withdrawn from the race t¹. While receding, the
ejector is however prevented by the foot c³ of the holding-down-bar w from
drawing along with it the following type, in case the same should adhere to the
ejector. (The said holding-down-bar w¹ may also be combined with the composer B,
instead of making use of the bar k, Fig. 1.) The bars x¹ and u¹ going back further,
the pin d² fixed in the bar u¹ lifts the bar w¹ when it arrives at the upper end of
the slit c², or by striking against any shoulder of w¹.
The pin might also be screwed into the bar x¹. Finally, the bars x¹, u¹,
and w¹, complete their upward movement, while the bar m² recedes from the
channel b, so that the distributer which up to this moment had been locked may be
shifted again.
The bar al may be operated by hand or by a treddle in the same manner as has
been mentioned with regard to the composer.
After the types have been distributed by repetitions of the manipulation
hereinbefore described, the operator causes then to slide into the lower part of the
type-channels, so that they may again be disposed of by the composer.
For the purpose of facilitating the reading of the types to be distributed, it is
advantageous to make the distributing-race only of such depth that the types will
slightly project out of the same; but to prevent the foot c³ of the holding-down-
bar w¹ from bearing on the types under these circumstances, this bar is provided
with the projections d³ which bear against the top edges of the race, as has been
described above.
The Figures 18 and 19 show a modification of the distributing-race. The bar m¹
is in this case omitted, while the fore part of the bottom of the race is made of a
flat spring as, which is especially flexible at its free end, so that when the ejector
presses on the front type, it will bend and allow the type to pass. The other types,
supported by the spring, descend at the same time by the amount of the curvature
of the latter; but when the ejector recedes, the spring in resuming its straight
form lifts them again, and recloses the aperture through which the front type had
been ejected. This arrangement may also be applied to the bottom of the
type-channels.
In respect to the length of the type-channels b, it is to be observed that in a
working apparatus this length has to be much greater than shown in the Drawing.
The composing-apparatus and the distributing-apparatus will consequently be at
such a distance from each other that the person operating the latter will have to
stand between the two guides and p¹. Two men may consequently be engaged
at the apparatus simultaneously, one for setting, the other for distributing.

page_text: By any apparatus of this kind it is possible to set and to distribute types of
different width or thickness, provided that their height of body be the same. The
only alteration required for types of other width consists in the substitution for the
bars fand m¹ of other bars having notches of the proper size. The composer B or
the distributer C of any apparatus may be used on another apparatus adapted for
types of the same height of body. It is therefore possible to set types of different
character by the same composer, it being only necessary for this purpose to take the
composer from one apparatus to the other one containing the required types.
It barely requires to be mentioned that the composing-apparatus may be
constructed entirely separate from the distributing-apparatus.
Having thus described the nature and object of this Invention, and the manner
in which it is to be carried out in practice, as communicated to me by my
correspondent, I hereby claim as new and important features of the same,-
1. A type-setting apparatus consisting, firstly, of a number of type-channels b,
and of a register o corresponding with these channels; and, secondly, of the setting-
mechanism or composer B guided in a suitable manner, and movable transversely
to and in front of the channels b, this composer comprising the ejector-bar t with
ejector to be depressed by hand or by the foot, and drawn upward by the spring u;
moreover, the composing-race 7 projecting with its rear end under the type-
channels, and, finally, the pointer q fixed to any suitable part of the composer, and
whose distance from the composing-race r is equal to the distance between any
type-channel and the corresponding point of the register o, substantially as herein-
before described.
2. The combination with the setting-mechanism or composer B containing the
ejector-bar t with ejector 7, spring u, and composing-racer of the type-driver x,
and the adjuster y cooperating with the vertical grooves m or their equivalent,
together with a suitable mechanism for imparting the required reciprocating motion
to the driver and the adjuster y by the downward motion of the bar t, as and
for the purpose specified.
3. In combination with the type-channels of the composing-apparatus, the
exchangeable ledge f provided with notches i, as herein before described.
4. In combination with the type-channels b of the described composing-apparatus,
the movable holding-down-bar placed across the front end of the channels, as
described and for the purpose stated.
5. A type-distributing-apparatus consisting, firstly, of a number of type-channels b,
and of a register q¹ corresponding with these channels; and, secondly, of the
distributing-mechanism or distributer C guided in a suitable manner, and movable
transversely to and in the rear of the channels b, this distributer comprising the
bar to be depressed by hand or by the foot, and drawn upward by the spring 22;
moreover, the ejector-bar u having the ejector u² attached to it, and connected by
a spring b with the bar x¹; moreover, the holding-down-bar w¹ connected with
the bar a¹ by a spring e², besides the distributing-race t projecting with its front
end above the channels b, and, finally, the pointer s¹, whose distance from the
distributing-race is equal to the distance between any type-channel and the
corresponding point of the register q', substantially as described.
6. The combination with the distributing-mechanism C containing the bars x', u¹,
and w¹, ejector u², springs 22, 62, and e², and the distributing-race t₁ of the bar m²
serving as type-driver and as adjuster, and operated by the inclined surfaces k²
and 2 on the bar a', together with the lever f2 and spring o², or by any equivalent
of these parts, as and for the purpose specified.
7. In combination with the distributing-race t¹ or with the type-channels b, the
spring a forming the front end of the bottom of such race or channel, as herein-
before described and for the purpose stated.
8. The combination with the bars a¹, u', and w¹, and the springs 62 and 3 of the
projections or stops 2 and a² on the bars a¹ and a respectively, and the projection
or pin de fixed to the bar a¹ or u¹, and acting against a shoulder or other suitable
part of the bar w¹, as and for the purpose specified.

page_text: 9. The combination of the type-setting-apparatus with the distributing-apparatus
in such a manner that the distributed types are delivered into the type-channels
at one end, whereas the types to be set are ejected from these channels at their
other end.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Springmann, have hereunto set my 5
hand and seal, this 11th day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
HENRY SPRINGMANN. (L.S.)