IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS AND OTHER FIGURED FABRICS, AND IN WEAVING MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Graham Thompson, of New York, United
States of America, but at present of 34, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of
" IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS AND OTHER FIGURED
FABRICS, AND IN WEAVING MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN."
Sealed the 19th February 1869, and dated the 21st December 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Graham
Thompson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 21st December 1868.
I, HENRY GRAHAM THOMPSON, of New York, United States of
America, but at present of 34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS AND OTHER
FIGURED FABRICS, AND IN WEAVING MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be
as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of terry or
cut pile or other figured carpets and other figured fabrics, and to new
A

page_text: and improved arrangements of machinery to be employed according to
my Invention for this purpose.
Heretofore in weaving fabrics of the above description where various
colours or descriptions of warp threads or yarns are brought to the surface
of a fabric, when required to form part of a figure or pattern or orna-
mental surface thereon, such threads (when not required to form part
of the ornamental surface or design) have been allowed to travel with or
enter into the body of the fabric until again required to form part of the
ornamental surface or design upon the fabric.
By the method ordinarily employed as above described a comparatively
small proportion of the length of each warp thread or yarn is employed
for producing the ornamental surface of the fabric, and the greater the
number of different colours or variations in the design the smaller is the
proportion of each figuring or ornamental warp thread brought to the
surface of the fabric, and the larger the proportion of such warp threads
or yarns worked up without entering into the production of the orna-
mental surface or design, thus rendering the production of such fabrics
.costly.
Now according to my Invention in weaving the above-named fabrics
after such warp threads have been raised to the surface as are required
to form part of the ornamental surface or design they are woven for a
short distance into the body of the fabric and then cut, the ends of such
threads being then so held that when any or either of such warp threads
are again required to form part of the ornamental surface the ends of
such threads are first woven into the fabric, then brought to the surface
to form part of the ornamental design, afterwards again woven for a
short distance into the fabric, and then cut and held as before until
again required.
By my new and improved method of weaving figured fabrics previously
described it will be seen that the same quantity of yarn is thrown upon
the surface of the fabric as in the methods ordinarily practised, but in
place of the warp threads or yarns employed to form the ornamental
surface of the fabric extending along the fabric between those points
where they are required to form the ornamental surface by my method
such threads or yarns are only introduced into the fabric where required
to form the ornamental surface, being afterwards cut and withdrawn
from the fabric until again required, thereby greatly economising the
consumption of the warp threads or yarns employed for producing the

page_text: fabrics.
In carrying my improved method of weaving as above described into
practice according to one part of my Invention, in order to cut those
threads which are no longer required to form a part of the ornamental
surface of the fabric according to one part of my Invention, I form au
under or additional shed with such threads and insert a wire having a
knife or cutter at one end (as is well understood in the manufacture of
cut pile fabrics) in such shed to be beaten up, a wire being introduced
into each successive shed formed by the ornamental or figure warps as
they are successively thrown out of the fabric. The wires thus intro-
duced travel a suitable distance with the fabric and are then withdrawn
successively, at the same time severing from the fabric those threads
which formed the shed into which they were introduced, the ends of the
threads thrown out of the fabric remaining, and being to some extent
held between the back of the fabric and those wires which have not been
withdrawn.
The ends of those threads which are not being woven into the fabric.
according to another part of my Invention I hold by means of clamping
or holding surfaces so as to press upon and securely hold the ends of
such threads at a short distance from the point at which the weft is
being beaten up, the pressure of such clamping or holding surface or
surfaces being relieved when the fabric is being taken up, so that the
ends of those threads which are not being woven into the fabric may
not be drawn forward with it. I prefer to so arrange the clamping or
holding surfaces (where two of such clamps or holding surfaces are
employed) that the one on the face side of the fabric may be stationary
and so placed as to be at a short distance from the front face of the
fabric being woven, while the clamp or holding surface at the back of
the fabric is capable of movement so as when required to press the ends
of the warp threads and the fabric against the stationary clamp or
holding surface. I also prefer to construct the moveable clamp or holding.
surface so that when the positive pressure is removed such clamp will
still be caused by the aid of springs or otherwise to press against the
back of the fabric, but with a less force than when the positive pressure
is applied; and where wires are employed either for forming a piled
surface to the fabric or at the back of the fabric for cutting the thread,
as above described, I prefer to flute the clamping surfaces so as partially.
2

page_text: to embrace such wires and to form guiding surfaces upon the lower
clamp to guide the wires on to the clamping surface.
According to another part of my Invention I employ in addition to
the clamps or holding instruments previously described other clamps or
holding surfaces to act upon the ornamenting or figuring warp threads
at the back of the harness of the loom, and I so actuate these clamping
surfaces as to close upon and hold the ornamenting warp threads before,
and when the positive pressure is removed from the other clamps for
holding the ends of the ornamenting or figuring warp threads. When
forming the shed and during the back motion of the sley after the front
clamps have been closed I cause the clamps at the back of the harness
to move a suitable distance in order to put sufficient tension upon the
ornamenting warps to facilitate the selection of the warp threads and the
formation of a clear shed, after which the clamps are opened.
According to another part of my Invention I so arrange the mechanism
by which the tension of the warp threads is produced that the amount
of movement given to the clamps at the back of the harness is readily
capable of adjustment so as to accommodate the tension to the quality
or character of the yarn employed or fabric being woven. By the
employment of this improved mechanism for producing tension upon the
ornamenting or figure threads I am enabled to weight all the bobbins
upon which such threads are wound equally and with only sufficient
weight to take up the slack of such threads in place of having to employ
heavier weights upon the lower frames of bobbins than upon the upper
frames, as has been hitherto practiced, thus avoiding loss of time in
adjusting the correct proportion of weight to each bobbin, and also
avoiding the irregularity in the space occupied by the design, and this
part of my Invention is applicable when weaving the fabrics above
named upon looms of the ordinary construction.
Where a shed is formed for the introduction of a cutting wire,
according to my Invention, to sever the ornamenting or figuring threads
at the back of the fabric, as previously described according to another
part of my Invention, I so arrange the jacquard apparatus that each
harness cord is capable of being acted upon by three distinct sets of
selecting instruments. One set of such selecting instruments I employ
for shedding those ornamenting or figuring threads which are about to
be thrown upon the front face of the fabric, so as to tie them in and so
prepare them for forming part of the surface or figure, and the same.

page_text: set of selecting instruments may be employed, according to my Inven-
tion, for shedding such threads after they have been brought upon the
front face of the fabric, in ordor to weave them into the body of the
fabric before they are thrown out of and severed from it, as above
described. The second set of selecting instruments I employ for forming
the "figure shed" by which the ornamenting or figure threads are
brought to the front face of the fabric to form part of the figure,. and for.
the insertion of a wire when the fabric is intended to have a pile surface..
The third set of selecting instruments I employ for throwing out. those
threads which are no longer required to form part of the design or
ornamental surface, and so forming the shed into which the wire is
inserted by means of which the ornamenting or figure threads are to be.
severed from the back of the fabric, as above described...
'
The above described three distinct sets of selecting instruments may,
according to my Invention,, be operated upon by one, two, or three sets:
of cards and cylinders or other jacquard surfaces, and where two sets of
cards are employed I cause the cards of one of such sets to act first upon
the set of instruments by which the threads to form the figure shed are
selected, and afterwards upon the set of instruments by which the
threads are thrown out to be cut from the fabric. I prefer, however, to.
connect the whole of the cards employed into one set and cause them to
act successively upon each of the three sets of selecting instruments, and
I also prefer to so actuate the elevating mechanism that. the threads.
which have been raised to form the ornamental or figure. shed.will be.
held by such elevating mechanism,.so that the threads can be again
raised to form a shed. for the purpose of weaving them into the fabric
before they are thrown out to be cut, as above described. The "tail.
cords" of the jacquard apparatus may be secured to the top, board in the
usual manner, in which case the lower set of selecting. instruments will*
require elevating mechanism, but I prefer to make the top board of the
jacquard apparatus to which the "tail cords" are usually secured!
movcable so as to rise and fall, the lower set of selecting: instruments in
this case requiring no elevating mechanism and acting always to retain
all the "tail cords" except those which are to be lowered with the top
board, so as to throw out the threads which are about to be cut from the
back of the fabric, as above described.
Where a moveable top board is employed, as above described, according
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page_text: in the selecting needles or instruments so as to insure the passage of the
knots in the "tail cords" through such needles or instruments. I also
prefer to so actuate the jacquard apparatus that the figure shed and the
shed for the cutting wire at the back of the fabric are formed at the
same time, and when forming a pile fabric I prefer to insert the wires
at the front and the back of the fabric at the same time and from
opposite sides of the loom. Where the same set of threads are brought
several times in succession on to the figure or ornamental surface of the
fabric it will be evident that no threads will be thrown out to form a
shed for the cutting wire at the back of the fabric, and in order to form
such shed I provide a suitable number of warp threads under the com-
mand of the jacquard apparatus, which can be raised and woven into the
fabric when required to form a shed to hold the cutting wires. When
certain threads are required to form part of the design at short intervals
they may be woven into the fabric without being cut.
When weaving carpets and other fabrics, according to my Invention,
which require solidity, substance, or body to compensate for the threads
which are withdrawn and cut from the fabric, as above described, in
addition to the ordinary warp employed I introduce a "stuffing chain"
or additional warp threads.
I would have understood that the arrangement of mechanism for
carrying my Invention into practice may be greatly varied, and that
though I prefer to form a shed and insert a cutting wire at the back of
the fabric such wires may be cut out of the fabric by other means, and
my Invention may be carried into practice by employing a plough or
other instrument to raise the threads which have to be cut from the
back of the fabric for cutting. After a fabric is woven according to my
Invention, as above described, size may be applied to the back of the
fabric, and the ends of the threads at the back of the fabric may,
according to one part of my Invention, be sheared or otherwise removed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Graham Thompson in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 19th June 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
GRAHAM THOMPSON, of New York, United States of America, but at

page_text: present of 34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of.
Middlesex, send greeting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent; bearing date the Twenty-first day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight,.. in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant: unto me, the said Henry Graham. Thompson,..
Hor special licence tliat. I, tho said. Henry Graham Thompson, my:
executors, administrators, and assigns,. or. such others as I, the said.
Henry Graham Thompson, my executors, administrators, and assigns,.
should at any time agree with, and: no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make;. uso,. exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain. and Ireland,, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS
AND OTHER FIGURED FABRICS, AND IN WEAVING MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN,'
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Henry Graham
Thompson, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing.
under my, or their, .or one of their hands and seals, should particularly.
describe and ascertain tlic nature of the said. Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed.
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months. next and.
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent...
"
NOW KNOW YE, that I,, the said Henry Graham Thompson, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described. and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of "terry or-
cut pile or other figured carpets and other figured fabrics, and to new.
and improved arrangements of machinery to be employed according to..
my Invention for this purpose..
Heretofore in weaving. fabrics of the above description wliere various-
colors or descriptions of warp threads or yarns are brought to the surface.
of a fabric when required to form part of a figure or pattern, or an
ornamental surface thereon, such threads (when not required to form
part of the ornamental surface or design) have been allowed to travel.
with or enter into the body of the fabric until again required. to form.
part of the ornamental surface or design upon the fabric..

page_text: By the method ordinarily employed as above described a comparatively
small proportion of the length of each warp thread or yarn is employed
for producing the ornamental surface of the fabric, and the greater the
number of different colours or variations in the design the smaller is the
proportion of each figuring or ornametal warp thread brought to the
surface of the fabric, and the larger the proportion of such warp threads or
yarns worked I up without entering into the production of the ornamental
surface or design, thus rendering the production of such fabrics costly.
Now according to my Invention in weaving the above-named fabrics
after such warp threads have been raised to the surface as are required to
form part of the ornamental surface or design, they are woven for a
short distance into the body of the fabric and then cut, the ends of such
threads being then so held that when any or either of such warp threads
are again required to form part of the ornamental surface, the ends of
such threads are first woven into the fabric, then brought to the surface
to form part of the ornamental design, afterwards again woven for a
short distance into the fabric, and then cut and held as before until
again required.
By my new and improved method of weaving figured fabrics pre-
viously described it will be seen that the same quantity of yarn is
thrown upon the surface of the fabric as in the methods ordinarily
practised; but in place of the warp threads or yarns employed to form the
ornamental surface of the fabric extending along the fabric between
those points where they are required to form the ornamental surface, by
my method such threads are only introduced into the fabric where
required to form the ornamental surface, being afterwards cut and with-
drawn from the fabric until again required, thereby greatly economizing
the consumption of the warp threads or yarns employed for producing
the figured or ornamental surface, and thus reducing the cost of such
fabrics.
In carrying my improved method of weaving as above described into
practice, according to one part of my Invention, in order to cut the ends
of those threads which are no longer required to form a part of the
ornamental surface of the fabric, I form an under or additional shed with
such threads, and insert a wire having a knife or cutter at one end (as
is well understood in the manufacture of cut pile fabrics) in such shed to
be beaten up, a wire being introduced into each successive shed formed
by the ornamental or figure warps as they are successively thrown out

page_text: of the fabric. The wires thus introduced travel a suitable distance with
the fabric and are then withdrawn successively, at the same time
severing from the fabric those threads which formed the shed into which
they were introduced, the ends of the threads thrown out of the fabric
remaining and being to some extent held between the back of the fabric
and those wires which have not been withdrawn.
The ends of those threads which are not being woven into the fabric,
according to another part of my Invention, I hold by means of clamping
or holding surfaces, so as to press upon and securely hold the ends of
such threads at a short distance from the point at which the weft is
being beaten up, the pressure of such clamping or holding surface or
surfaces being relieved when the fabric is being taken up, so that the
ends of those threads which are not being woven into the fabric may not
be drawn forward with it. I prefer to so arrange the clamping or holding
surfaces where two of such clamps or holding surfaces are employed that
the one on the face side of the fabric may be stationary, and so placed
as to be at a short distance from the front face of the fabric being woven,
while the clamp or holding surface at the back of the fabric is capable of
movement, so as when required to press the ends of the warp threads and
the fabric against the stationary clamp or holding surface, I also prefer to
construct the moveable clamp or holding surface so that when the positive
pressure is removed, such clamp will still be caused by the aid of springs
or otherwise to press against the back of the fabric, but with a less force
than when the positive pressure is applied and where wires are employed
either for forming a piled surface to the fabric, or at the back of the
fabric for cutting the thread as above described, I prefer to flute the
clamping surfaces so as partially to embrace such wires, and to form
guiding surfaces upon the lower clamp to guide the wires on to the
clamping surface.
According to another part of my Invention I employ in addition to
the clamps or holding instruments previously described other clamps or
holding surfaces to act upon the ornamenting or figuring warp threads at
the back of the harness of the loom, and I so actuate these clamping
surfaces as to close upon and hold the ornamenting warp threads before,
and when the positive pressure is removed from the other clamps for
holding the ends of the ornamenting or figuring warp threads. When
forming the shed and during the back motion of the sley after the front
clamps have been closed, I cause the clamps at the back of the harness

page_text: to move a suitable distance in order to put sufficient tension upon the
ornamenting warps to facilitate the selection of the warp threads, and
the formation of a clear shed, after which the clamps are opened.
According to another part of my Invention I so arrange the mechanism
by which the tension of the warp threads is produced that the amount of
movement given to the clamps at the back of the harness is readily
capable of adjustment, so as to accommodate the tension to the quality or
character of the yarn employed or fabric being woven. By the employ-
ment of this improved mechanism for producing tension upon the
ornamenting or figure threads, I am enabled to weight all the bobbins
upon which such threads are wound equally and with only sufficient
weight to take up the slack of such threads in place of having to employ
heavier weights upon the lower frame of bobbins than upon the upper
frames, as has been hitherto practised, thus avoiding loss of time in
adjusting the correct proportion of weight to cach bobbin, and also
avoiding the irregularity in the space occupied by the design, and this
part of my Invention is applicable when weaving the fabrics above
named upon looms of the ordinary construction.
Where a shed is formed for the introduction of a cutting wire
according to my Invention to sever the ornamenting or figuring threads
at the back of the fabric, as previously described according to another
part of my Invention, I so arrange the jacquard apparatus that cach
harness cord is capable of being acted upon by three distinct sets of
selecting instruments. One set of such selecting instruments I employ
for shedding those ornamenting or figuring threads which arc about to
be thrown upon the front face of the fabric, so as to tie them in and so
prepare them for forming part of the surface or figure; and the same set
of selecting instruments may be employed according to my Invention for
shedding such threads after they have been brought upon the front face
of the fabric in order to weave them into the body of the fabric before
they are thrown out of and severed from it as above described. The second
set of selecting instruments I employ for forming the "figure shed" by
which the ornamenting or figure threads are brought to the front face of
the fabric to form part of the figure, and for the insertion of a wire when
the fabric is intended to have a pile surface. The third set of selecting
instruments I employ for throwing out those threads which are no
longer required to form part of the design or ornamental surface, and so
forming the shed into which the wire is inserted, by means of which the

page_text: fabric as above described.
The above described three distinct sets of selecting instruments may
according to my Invention be operated upon by one, two, or three sets
of cards and cylinders or other jacquard surfaces, and where two sets of
cards are employed I cause the cards of one of such sets to act first upon
the set of instruments by which the threads to form the figure shed
are selected, and afterwards upon the set of instruments by which the
threads are thrown out to be cut from the fabric, I prefer however to
connect the whole of the cards employed into one set and cause them to
act successively upon each of the three sets of selecting instruments;
and I also prefer to so actuate the elevating mechanism that the threads
which have been raised to form the ornamental or figure shed will be
held by such clevating mechanism, so that the threads can be again
raised to form a shed for the purpose of weaving them into the fabric
before they are thrown out to be cut, as above described. The "tail
cords" of the jacquard apparatus may be secured to the top board in.
the usual manner, in which case the lower set of selecting instruments
will require elevating mechanism; but I prefer to make the top board
of the jacquard apparatus to which the "tail cords" are usually secured
moveable so as to rise and fall, the lower set of selecting instruments in
this case requiring no elevating mechanism and acting always to retain
all the "tail cords," except those which are to be lowered with the top
board so as to throw out the threads which are about to be cut from the
back of the fabric, as above described. Where a moveable top board is
employed, as above described according to one part of my Invention,
I insert trumpet mouths or guiding cyes in the selecting needles or
instruments so as to ensure the passage of the knots in the "tail cords "
through such needles or instruments. I also prefer to so actuate the
jacquard apparatus that the figure shed and the shed for the cutting wire
at the back of the fabric are formed at the same time when forming a
pile fabric. I prefer to insert the wires at the front and the back of the
fabric at the same time and from opposite sides of the loom. Whero
the same set of threads are brought several times in succession on to
the figure or ornamental surface of the fabric it will be evident that no
threads will be thrown out to form a shed for the cutting wire at the
back of the fabric; and in order to form such shed I provide a suitable
number of warp threads under the command of the jacquard apparatus,

page_text: which can be raised and woven into the fabric when required to form a
shed to hold the cutting wires.
When weaving carpets and other fabrics according to my Invention,
which requires solidity, substance, or body to compensate for the threads
which are withdrawn and cut from the fabric, as above described, in
addition to the ordinary warp employed I introduce a "stuffing chain"
or additional warp threads.
I would have it understood that the arrangement of mechanism for
carrying my Invention into practice may be greatly varied, and that
though I prefer to form a shed and insert a cutting wire at the back of
the fabric, such wires may be cut out of the fabric by other means, and
my Invention may be carried into practice by employing a plough or
other instrument to raise the threads which have to be cut from the
back of the fabric for cutting.
After a fabric is woven according to my Invention, as above described,
size may be applied to the back of the fabric, and the ends of the threads
at the back of the fabric may according to one part of my Invention be
sheared or otherwise removed. Letters Patent, bearing date January
11th 1868, No. 109, were granted to John Garrett Tongue for machinery
for sizing the backs of fabrics, and such machinery may be employed
for sizing the backs of fabrics woven according to my Invention.
I will now describe the Drawings hereunto annexed, which show so
much of a loom and of jacquard apparatus as will enable a competent
workman acquainted with this class of machinery to carry my Invention
into practice.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 of the Drawings shews a side view, Figure 2 an end view,
Figure 3 a transverse section, and Figure 4 part of a longitudinal section
of so much of a loom for weaving carpets according to my Invention, as
will enable me to explain the manner in which the same may be carried
into operation.
a, a, is the framing of the loom; 6 is the crank shaft, which by its
revolution gives motion to the sword arm 6', as in looms heretofore
constructed. The reed and shuttle boxes are mounted upon the sword
arms &', or otherwise as commonly practised, and the loom is provided
with shuttle picking motions of the ordinary construction; the loom is
also provided with wire introducing and withdrawing apparatus and
Figure 1 of the Drawings shews a side view, Figure 2 an end view,
Figure 3 a transverse section, and Figure 4 part of a longitudinal section
of so much of a loom for weaving carpets according to my Invention, as
will enable me to explain the manner in which the same may be carried
into operation.
a, a, is the framing of the loom; 6 is the crank shaft, which by its
revolution gives motion to the sword arm 6', as in looms heretofore
constructed. The reed and shuttle boxes are mounted upon the sword
arms &', or otherwise as commonly practised, and the loom is provided
with shuttle picking motions of the ordinary construction; the loom is
also provided with wire introducing and withdrawing apparatus and

page_text: mechanism, but as such parts, motions, apparatus, and mechanism are
well known and in common use and can be readily applied to a loom
for weaving according to my Invention by an intelligent mechanic
acquainted with weaving machinery, in order to avoid complexity in
the Drawings I have omitted such parts therefrom. The warp threads
for forming the longitudinal tie threads of the fabric are wound upon
a warp beam or roller upon the axis c; these warp threads may be of any
suitable fibrous material according to the quality or description of fabric
to be woven; but when weaving a carpet I prefer to employ linen
threads for this purpose, and I shall herein-after term these warp threads
the linen chain." The warp is unwound from the warp beam
upon the axis c by means of the fluted rollers c¹, c, and c³, under,
around, and between which the warp threads are carried, as shewn. A
plan of part of the roller c¹, c², and c³, is shown separately at Figure 5..
The rollers c and care caused to press upon the roller c³, and when
motion is communicated to the axis of the roller c¹ the rollers c² and c³
are caused to revolve at the same time by means of the toothed wheels
c', cs, and c, and by their revolution pull the warp threads from the
warp beam upon the axis c. c is a break wheel upon the axis c, upon
which pressure
is applied by means of the break c³, so as to put tension
upon the warp threads when being drawn from the warp beam, and for
the same purpose the warp threads from the warp beam upon the axis c
pass under the roller c carried by the weighted lever c¹ and over the
axis of such weighted lever. Motion is given to the rollers c¹, c²,
and by means of a tappet upon the axis e acting upon the lever c",
the lever giving motion to the roller c¹ by means of a catch and a
ratchet and worm and wheel, as is well understood. The additional warp
threads or "stuffing chain," which according to one part of my Inven-
tion I introduce when weaving carpets or other fabrics according to my
Invention, which require solidity, substance, or body are wound upon a
warp beam or roller upon the axis d; the warp threads forming the
stuffing chain pass around the roller d¹ carried by the weighted lever d²,
and such threads then pass over the axis d³ of such weighted lever, such
threads being by this means held at a suitable tension; d' is a break
pulley upon the axis d, and pressure is applied to such break wheel by
the break strap do and weighted lever do, so as to hinder the axis d and
the warp beam thereon from revolving; d' is a connecting rod from the
lever d to the lever do, and when in the process of weaving a certain
length the threads forming the "stuffing chain" has been taken up

page_text: and the lever d thereby raised, such lever acts by the connecting rod d
to raise the connection rod d and lessen the pressure upon the break
pulley d', when the weighted lever de will act to draw a certain length
of the threads forming the "stuffing chain" from the warp beam upon
the axis d until by the descent of the lever de increased pressure is again
applied to the break pulley d', and the unwinding of the threads from
the warp beam upon the axis d arrested. A great variety of contrivances
have been devised and are in common use for the purpose of letting off
warps in looms for weaving.
The contrivances above described for letting off the warp threads from
the warp beams upon the axes c and d are two arrangements which may
be employed for this purpose in a loom for weaving according to my
Invention, but they form no part of my present Invention, and I do not
confine myself thereto. The warp threads forming the "linen chain"
passes through the eyes or guides of the heddles c¹³ and c¹, and the
"stuffing chain" passes through the eyes or guides of the heddle d³.
These heddles are similar to those in ordinary use, and are raised and
lowered by means of levers and tappets (not shown in the Drawing) in
the usual manner, so as to raise and depress the threads forming the
stuffing chain, or cither half of the threads forming the "linen chain,"
and so form "sheds" for the passage of the shuttle. The ornamenting
or figuring warp threads for forming the surface of the fabric are con-
ducted from bobbins supported in frames in the usual manner in the
rear of the loom, such frames of bobbins being omitted from the
Drawing. These threads theu pass between the clamps or holding
surfaces f, f, at the back of the jacquard harness g, g. The clamps.
or holding surfaces f, f', are caused to close upon and hold the figuring
or ornamenting threads from time to time, and after the clamps f, f¹, are
closed they have a movement imparted to them whereby they are caused
to put sufficient tension upon the figuring or ornamenting warps to
facilitate the selection of the threads by the jacquard apparatus and the
formation of a clear shed. The clamps f, f', also when the woven fabric
is being taken up act to hold back those threads which have been
thrown out of and cut from the fabric. The lower clamp f is mounted
upon the blocks f%, which are capable of sliding backwards and forwards
upon the framing of the loom, and the upper clamp f¹ is capable of
moving up and down in guides formed in the blocks f, and the clamp f¹
is so actuated that it may be closed upon or raised from the lower

page_text: clamp and so clamp or release the threads from time to time as
required in the following manner:-e', e¹, are tappet wheels upon the
tappet shaft e, and projections upon these tappet wheels e¹ act upon
trucks upon the bell-crank levers f³ moving upon the axis f. The
bell-crank levers f³ are connected to the clamp f¹ by the connecting
rods f, the length of such connecting rods being capable of adjustment
by means of the regulating nuts f and locking nuts f". When the
projections upon the tappet wheels e' act upon the levers f³ the clamp f
is closed upon the clamp f; fs, fs, are springs which raise the connecting
rods fs and the clamp f¹, and so open the clamps when the projections
upon the tappet wheels e¹ cease to act upon the levers f. After the
clamps ff, are closed they are so actuated as to move towards the rear
of the loom, and so put tension upon the warp threads held by them in
the following manner:-6*, 6*, are eccentrics upon the crank shaft b.
The eccentrics 6*, *, communicate a rocking movement to the rocking
axis f by means of the connecting rods f10, f10, connected to the
levers f, f, fixed upon the rocking axis f'; cams or tappets may be
substituted for the eccentrics 6*, b*; f¹, f, are levers also fixed upon
the rocking axis f⁹. The blocks f2 with clamps fand f' are caused to
move backwards and forwards by means of the connecting rods f¹³, f13,
from the studs f", f, upon the rocking levers f", f¹³, to the
studs f, fs, upon the sliding blocks f, f.
According to one part of my Invention the amount of movement
imparted to the clamps f, f¹, is capable of adjustment, so as to put
more or less tension upon the threads in the following manner:-The
studs ff, are mounted upon blocks f1, f16, capable of sliding upon
the levers f, f, the distance of such sliding blocks fe, f10, from the
rocking axis f, being regulated according to the amount of movement
required by turning the screws f18, f1s, such screws being turned by
means of the hand wheel f" upon the axis fo, the bevilled wheels f
upon the axis f, and the bevilled wheel f" upon the screws f¹³, ₤18.
Figure 6 shows an end view and Figure 7 a side view of one end of the
axis f with parts attached on an enlarged scale. From the clamps f,f',
the ornamenting or figuring warp threads are conducted as hitherto
practised through the guides or "mails" of the jacquard harness, by
which they are raised and lowered, so as to form the "preparatory,"
"figure," "tieing in," and "cutting" sheds when weaving a fabric
according to my Invention. h, h, are the "pile" wires or wires inserted

page_text: "
in the process of weaving, as is well understood to form a pile surface;
i, i, are the cutting wires inserted into, under, or additional sheds (which
I term the "cutting sheds") successively formed when weaving a fabric
according to my Invention from such of the ornamenting or figure warps
as after forming part of the figure or ornamental surface of the fabric
are to be thrown out of and severed from the fabric.
When weaving a carpet according to my Invention I form the "linen
chain" sheds, the "stuffing chain" sheds, and the figure sheds, and I
throw in the weft and introduce the pile wires in a similar manner and
by means of similar mechanism to that ordinarily practised and employed
when weaving carpet fabrics.
My method of weaving figured fabrics varies from those hitherto
practised in that after any ornamenting or figuring warp thread ceases
to form part of the figure or ornamental surface of the fabric it is cut
from the fabric and held until again required. The ornamenting or
figuring warp threads are raised and lowered by means of jacquard
mechanism as hitherto practised, but such mechanism is so arranged
and constructed when weaving a fabric according to my Invention, that
before those threads which have been cut from the fabric appear again
in the fabric as part of the figure such of them as are required are first
selected and raised for the purpose of forming what I term a " pre-
paratory "shed or sheds, so that the ends of the threads may be woven
into the fabric for any suitable number of "picks" of weft. After the
ends of the threads are secured by being woven into the fabric I form a
figure" shed or sheds from them for forming the ornamental surface
or figure of the fabric in the usual manner. After those threads have
entered into the figure and are no longer required to form part of the
figure surface they are then again woven into the fabric for any suitable
number of picks of weft, and afterwards an under or additional thread is
formed from those threads into which when weaving a fabric according
to my Invention a cutting wire i is introduced and beaten up by the
sley or reed. After the cutting wire is introduced the threads forming
the shed into which it was introduced are not woven into the fabric, they
lay between the back of the fabric and the cutting wires subsequently
introduced, and after the cutting wire has been withdrawn severing the
threads which held it to the back of the fabric, those threads continue
to lay between the back of the fabric and the cutting wires subsequently
introduced into successive sheds and successively withdrawn until such

page_text: threads are again required to form part of the figure or ornamental
surface of the fabric.
It will be understood that in the process of weaving according to my
Invention the shedding of threads for tieing in preparatory and sub-
sequent to forming part of the figure is carried on simultaneously, some
threads being prepared for entering and others for leaving the figure and
fabric, care being taken that a sufficient number of threads is in pre-
paration to form complete figure sheds as they are successively raised.
The cutting wires i, i, are formed with knives or cutters at one end, as is
well understood in the manufacture of cut pile fabrics. The wires i, i,
are successively introduced into the sheds formed by those of the
ornamenting or figuring warp threads successively thrown out of the
fabric, and after the wires i, i, have travelled a short distance with
the fabric they are successively withdrawn, at the same time severing
from the fabric those threads which formed the shed into which they
were introduced, the ends of such threads remaining and being to some
extent held between the back of the fabric and those wires which have
not been withdrawn.
The mechanism for introducing and withdrawing the wires i, i, is not
shown in the Drawings, similar mechanism can be employed for this
purpose to that in common use for introducing and withdrawing wires
when weaving piled fabrics. j and j¹ are clamping surfaces by means of
which according to one part of my Invention when forming a shed or
otherwise when necessary during the process of weaving according to my
Invention, I apply pressure to firmly hold the ends of those threads
which are not being woven into the fabric. The clamp j carried by the
brackets jis stationary and the clamp j¹ is capable of movement so as
when required to press the fabric and the inserted wires against the
stationary clamp j and so hold the ends of the threads which are not
being woven into the fabric between the wires at the back and the back
of the fabric. The stationary clamp j is so placed as to be a short
distance from the face side of the fabric when pressure is removed from
the fabric by the movement of the clamp . The lower clamp jis
carried by the weighted levers moving upon the axis, the weighted
levers acting to press the clamp towards the clamp j, and so close
the clamps except when the pressure is removed. j, j', are springs
carried by the levers which press against the clamp j in such manner
that when by the movement of the levers the positive pressure has
B

page_text: been removed from the clamps the clamp j' is still caused, according
to one part of my Invention, by the aid of springs to press against
the back of the fabric, but with less force than when the positive
pressure is applied. The surfaces of the clamps j, j, are fluted so as to
partially embrace the wires and i. j, j³, arc guiding surfaces or horns
at either end of the clamp j¹ to assist in guiding the wires i on to the
surface of the clamp j'. The levers are caused to move from time to
time and so as to allow the fabric and wires to be beaten up as the
weaving proceeds in the following manner:-Within the rims of the
tappet wheels e¹, e', are projections which act upon trucks or rollers
carried by the levers j, j ',, are levers connected to the levers jo, j",
by means of the connecting rods, . The levers . j, are also
connected to the levers, j, by means of the connecting rods j³, 1, and
when a projection upon the tappet wheels e' acts upon the levers j, j³,
the pressure of the weighted levers jis removed from the clamp j. The
levers, are also arranged to actuate the taking-up mechanism by
which the roller % is caused to take up the woven fabric as the weaving
progresses. A great variety of arrangements of mechanism have been
applied to looms and are in common use for taking up woven fabrics,
and the arrangement shown forms no part of my Invention and I do not
confine myself thereto.
When weaving a fabric according to my Invention the jacquard or
other mechanism for selecting and shedding the figuring or ornamenting
threads must be so constructed that such threads as may be required to
form the figure will be first tied into the body of the fabric for any
suitable number of picks of weft, then raised to the surface of the fabric
and woven into the figure for as may picks as may be requisite, after-
wards again tied into the body of the fabric for any suitable number of
picks, and then formed into a shed for the insertion of the cutting wire
by means of which they are to be severed from the back of the fabric.
In the Drawings hercunto annexed I have shown several arrangements
of jacquard mechanism constructed and arranged according to my
Invention by which the shedding of the figuring or ornamenting threads
can be effected when weaving a fabric according to my Invention. As
will be evident to a practical weaver the structure of a fabric and the
manner of tieing in the ornamenting or figuring threads when weaving
a fabric according to my Invention, either when ticing in the ends
of the threads on entering or leaving the fabric or after each elevation

page_text: to the face of the fabric admit of very great variation according to
the character of the surface to be produced, whether piled or otherwise,
or the "make," quality, or character of the fabric, or the purpose to
which it is to be applied; aided by the description of the construction and
arrangement of and method of working jacquard mechanism herein-after
set forth a competent person acquainted with the construction and
working of such mechanism and the weaving of figured fabrics will
readily adapt such mechanism to the weaving of various characters and
descriptions of figured fabrics according to my Invention.
At Figures 8 and 9 (see Sheet 7) I have shown diagrams illustrative
of one manner in which a figuring or ornamenting thread may be tied
into a carpet or other similar piled fabric for forming part of the figure
or ornamental surface of a fabric according to my Invention, and the
jacquard mechanism will be herein-after described as effecting the
various movements requisite for weaving a fabric the structure of which
is similar to that shewn at Figures 8 and 9, but I would have it
understood that such structure is only given by me as an illustration of
one manner of employing such jacquard mechanism, and that I do not
confine myself thereto. In the fabric illustrated by the diagrams
Figures 8 and 9 a figuring or ornamenting thread on entering or leaving
the fabric and after each elevation to the surface thereof is tied in
between two picks of weft, such picks being held together by the warp
threads forming the linen chain which is crossed over every two picks of
weft, the stuffing chain running through the fabric between the upper
and under weft threads is merely elevated when necessary for throwing
in the under pick of weft.
At Figures 10, 11, and 12 are shown side views of so much of
jacquard mechanism constructed and arranged according to one part of
my Invention as will enable me to explain the same, the three views
shewing three positions which the mechanism assumes when in operation.
This jacquard mechanism, as well as that herein-after described, is of that
description where "knot cords" and "trap boards " are employed. The
trap boards" are formed with apertures for the passage of each "knot.
cord" the apertures being formed larger at one part than another. The
knots on the "knot cords" will pass freely through the larger part of
the apertures in the "trap board," but will not pass through the smaller
part of such apertures, the knots being "trapped" by such smaller part.
"

page_text: "
The "knot cords" also pass through the eyes of "needles" and when a
card surface is presented to such "needles" such of the "knot cords "
as may be required are pushed aside into the smaller part of the
apertures in the "trap board." The "knot cords so pushed aside being
then "in trap" the warp threads controlled by them will be held, raised,
or lowered by the trap board, while the knots of the remaining knot
cords will pass freely through the holes in the "trap board." "Needles,"
"knot cords," and " trap boards" have been hitherto employed in
jacquard mechanism and are well known and in common use, and I
lay no claim thereto, neither do I confine myself to the employment of
those instruments as other instruments may be substituted for the
"cards," "needles," "knot cords," and "trap boards" when con-
structing jacquard mechanism according to this part of my Invention
without departing from the same so long as the jacquard mechanism is
so arranged substantially as herein described, and so as to control the
movements of the ornamenting or figuring warp threads, substantially
as and for the purposes herein-after described. 1, 1, is the framing of
the jacquard machine which is supported by the framework of the loom
or in any other convenient manner. g', g', are the harness or "knot
cords" attached to the jacquard harness 9, 9. The "knot cords " g', g
are secured to the top board m and pass through apertures in each of the
trap boards n, o, and p, three knots being tied in each harness cord, one
knot to each of the trap boards n, o, and p. The trap boards n, o,
and are caused respectively to rise and fall when required by means of
the levers n', o', and p¹, such levers being actuated from the loom in the
asual manner by means of tappets, levers, and connecting rods not shown
in the Drawings. q, q, are "cards" of the ordinary description and
connected together in the usual manner. The cards q, q, are caused to
travel by the rotation of the card cylinders q' and q³ and pass over a
"presentation board" at 9. The card cylinders q' and q' are similar to
those in common use and are caused in the usual manner to rotate a
suitable distance from time to time so as to bring successive pattern
cards opposite to the needles. Opposite the jacquard cylinders q¹ and q
and the presentation board q³ are three sets of needles through which
the "knot cords" g', g', pass. The cylinders q' and q' and the pre-
sentation board q' are supported upon slides q' so as to be capable of
moving to and from the sets of needles. The movement of the cylinders
qand q and the board 73 may be variously affected, but in the Drawing
such movement is effected from the trap board n by means of the

page_text: connecting rods q³.
In the jacquard mechanism shewn at Figures 10, 11, and 12, and
in that shown at Figures 13, 14, and 15, where three set of needles arc
employed, a jacquard cylinder may be substituted for the " presentation
board" and in these arrangements of jacquard mechanism as well
as in that shewn at Figures 16, 17, and 18, where two sets of needles
are employed a separate set of pattern cards or surfaces may be arranged
to work with each set of needles, and where three sets of needles are
employed one set of cards may act with two of such sets of needles,
and another set of cards with the other set of needles, and when separato
sets of cards are employed to each set of needles, very great command
of the figuring or ornamenting warp threads may be attained, but when
weaving a fabric such as or similar to that before described, in reference
to Figures 8 and 9, and many other descriptions of fabric, the cards
may be conneeted into one set as shown at Figures 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
and 15, and caused to act successively with one set of needles after
the other. The cards in the latter case extending between the sets of
needles will be blank cards, and the jacquard cylinder or cylinders
must be caused to make so much of a revolution between each pre-
sentation to the needles as will bring a perforated card opposite to
each set of needles at each presentation. In Figure 10 the jacquard
mechanism is shown in the position it assumes when (the under pick
of weft having first been thrown) the trap boards n, o, and p, together
with all the knot cords and warp threads controlled thereby, are all
lowered and the cards are in the act of being presented to the needles.
Half of the warp threads forming the linen chain remain elevated by
means of the heddle C, in the same position as when the under pick
of weft was thrown, the other half of the linen chain together with
the stuffing chain being lowered by the respective heddles e, and, di;
When the apparatus is in the position shown at Figure 10. the upper
pick of weft is thrown and afterwards beaten up by the reed.. In this
position the knot cords controlling those warp threads which will be
required to form the next but one succeeding figure shed are trapped
by the trap board n, which I term the preparatory trap board; the
knot cords controlling those warp threads which will be required to
form the next figure shed are trapped by the trap board o, which I
term the figure trap board, and the knot cords controlling those warp

page_text: threads which are next to be selected for the insertion of the cutting wire
at the back of the fabric as previously described, are thrown out of trap,
so that when the trap board p rises it will carry with it all the knot
cords and warp threads, except those which are to form the under shed
for the insertion of the cutting wire, the trap board p being so arranged
as when it is lowered to trap all the knot cords except those thrown
out of trap as above described, the knot cords left in trap in the trap
board P, when the other two trap boards n and o are raised being those
controlling the warp threads which have been severed from and are
not then being woven into the fabric, such threads being termed by me
for the time being the "refuse." In Figure 11 the jacquard mechanism
is shewn in the position it assumes when the figure and cutting sheds
are formed and the pile wire h and cutting wire i are being inserted.
In this position the figure trap board o is raised for the introduction of
the pile wire h, the preparatory trap board n and the lower trap board p
are raised so that the threads trapped by them may be placed in such
a position that the pile wire h may be inserted over and the cutting
wire under them, the warp threads forming the linen and stuffing
chains being placed at this time for the same purpose, in the same
central position by means of their respective heddles c¹³, c, and d³,
thus leaving only those threads down which are to be severed from the
back of the fabric as above described, for the insertion of the cutting
wire. After the pile and cutting wires are inserted they are beaten up
by the reed. In Figure 12 the jacquard mechanism is shewn in the
position it assumes, when the preparatory trap board n is fully elevated
so that the threads raised by it may be tied into the fabric preparatory
to forming part of the figure. The figure trap board remains elevated,
and one half of the linen chain together with the stuffing chain are also
The other half of
clevated respectively by the heddles c¹s and d³.
the linen chain is lowered by means of the heddle c, the trap board p
with the refuse threads controlled thereby are also lowered; those
threads left down in the last previous movement for the insertion of
the cutting wire at the back of the fabric remaining down. When the
warp threads are in this position the under pick of weft is thrown and
afterwards beaten up by the reed; the jacquard mechanism at the next
movement returning to the position shown at Figure 10. After the
cards have been presented to and moved from the needles, the card.
cylinders q' and q³ are caused to turn so that at the next presentation
of the cards to the needles a new card will be presented by the

page_text: cylinder q'; the card which was last presented by the cylinder q' will
be presented by the presentation board q³ and that card which was
last presented by the presentation board q³ will be presented by the
card cylinder q, each card consequently acting successively first to
select the threads for the preparatory trap board n, next to select the
threads for the figure trap board o, and last to select the threads for the
bottom trap board P.
At Figures 13, 14, and 15 are shown. side views of so much of
another arrangement of jacquard mechanism constructed and arranged
according to my Invention as will enable me to explain the same; the
three views shewing thrce positions which the mechanism assumes
when in operation. This jacquard mechanism is in many respects
similar in its arrangement and mode of operation to that described
in reference to Figures 10, 11, and 12. Those parts in Figures 13,
14, and 15 which correspond with similar parts in Figures 10, 11,
and 12 are marked with the same letters of reference, and it will
be unnecessary to give any further description of such parts, the
description of the same parts in Figures 10, 11, and 12, applying to
similar parts in Figures 13, 14, and 15. There are three knots tied
in cach knot cord as in the jacquard apparatus last described. In
Figures 13, 14, and 15 the bottom trap board p is stationary and the
top board m is caused to rise and fall from time to time by means of
the lever m', so that when it is necessary to form the shed for the
introduction of the cutting wire i at the back of the fabric, as shown
at Figure 14, in place of the bottom trap board rising and carrying
with it all the refuse threads, the top board is caused to descend and
then lower all those threads which are thrown out of trap by the bottom
set of needles. In order to move the slides q* with the jacquard
cylinders q' and q² and the presentation board q³, towards and from:
the needles the connecting rods q' and q from the trap boards n and
to the quadrant links q are formed with slots as shown, so that when
the trap board o rises the quadrant links q are partly moved, the
movement being completed when the trap board n rises. When the
top board m is caused to descend with the knot cords not trapped by
either of the trap boards n, o, and p, the knots on such knot cords
will pass through the eyes of the needles, and in order to facilitate the
passsage of such knots according to one part of my Invention, I insert
trumpet mouths or guides in the eyes of the needles as shown in plan
at Figure 19 and in side view at Figure 20. The principal advantage

page_text: of the arrangement of jacquard mechanism last described, is that the
refuse threads remain without being either raised or lowered until
they are again required to form part of the fabric. The order as shown
in the Drawing in which the figuring threads, the linen chain, and the
stuffing chain are dealt with when introducing the wires, and when
throwing the weft is similar to that previously described, the operations
in Figures 13, 14, and 15 corresponding respectively with Figures 10,
11, and 12. When necessary to give support to the shuttle a rising and
falling shuttle race can be employed, which will descend when forming
the under shed and introducing the cutting wire i, and rise when the
shuttle is being thrown, but I make no claim to the employment of
such rising and falling shuttle race except in combination with a loom
for weaving a figured fabric according to the method herein-before
described.
At Figures 16, 17, and 18 are shown side views, of so much of
another arrangement of jacquard mechanism constructed and arranged
according to my Invention as will enable me to explain the same, the
three views shewing three positions which the mechanism assumes when
in operation. Those parts in Figures 16, 17, and 18 which correspond
with similar parts in Figures 10, 11, and 12 are marked with similar
letters of reference. The knot cords have three knots tied in them as in
the other arrangements of jacquard mechanisim previously described.
This arrangement of jacquard mechanism differs principally from those
previously described in one set of needles being dispensed with. The
needles for the figure trapboard o and the preparatory trapboard n are
retained, but those for the lower trapboard are dispensed with. The
knot cords are all secured to the top board m, which is stationary, while
the lower trapboard p is caused to rise and fall, as in Figures 10, 11,
and 12, and the positions of the warp threads when introducing the weft
and the wires, in Figures 16, 17, and 18, correspond respectively with
the positions shewn in Figures 10, 11, and 12, and described in reference
thereto.
At Figure 21 is shown a plan and at Figure 22 a section (see
Sheet 16) of part of the trapboard p, which I form as shewn, when the
lower set of needles is dispensed with, as in Figures 16, 17, and 18. The
trapboard p is provided with combs or nicked or forked bars p³, and
when the trapboard p descends to its lowest position a side movement
is given to it by means of the slots in the framing 1, or by other

page_text: suitable mechanical contrivances. This side movement, when the trap-
door p rises a short distance, causes it to trap all the knot cords behind
the forked bars p² which are not at that time raised by the trapboards n
and o. This movement is effected when the trapboards n and o
are in the position shewn at Figure 18, and by this means the trap-
board p secures all the knot cords by which the refuse threads are con-
trolled, and holds them until by the lifting of the trapboard p (as shown
in Figure 17) the refuse threads are lifted for the purpose of inserting
the cutting wire at the back of the fabric; and when the trapboard p is
so lifted the knots of the knot cords which have been thrown out of the
last previous figure shed pass through the holes in the trapboard p,
such knot cords and the threads controlled by them remaining down for
the insertion of the cutting wire at the back of the fabric.
At Figures 23, 24, and 25 are shown side views of so much of another
arrangement of jacquard mechanism constructed and arranged accord-
ing to my Invention as will enable me to explain the same, the three
views shewing three positions which the mechanism assumes when in
operation. Those parts in Figures 23, 24, and 25 which correspond with
similar parts in Figures 10, 11, and 12 are marked with similar letters of
reference. In this arrangement of jacquard mechanism only one
jacquard cylinder q' is employed, acting with only one set of needles,
and it is so arranged and worked that the upper pick of weft is thrown
at the same time that the cutting wire i is inserted at the back of the
fabric, and the under pick of weft is thrown at the same time that the
pile wire is introduced, two picks of weft and two wires requiring by
this arrangement but two beats of the reed in place of three, as in the
arrangements previously described. The positions of the preparatory
and figure trapboards are reversed in this arrangement, the uppermost
trapboard o raising the figure, and the middle trapboard n raising
the preparatory sheds. The figure trapboard o is caused to rise and
fall when required by means of the lever o' and connecting rod o.
03, 03, are slotted links connected to the trapboard o the slots o', o, in
The
the links o³, being placed over the studs n upon the trapboard n.
slots o allow the figure trapboard o to be raised a certain distance
without imparting movement to the preparatory trapboard n, but after
the figure trapboard o has been raised until the ends of the slots in the
links o come in contact with the studs n² on the preparatory trap-
board n, the trapboard o in its further movement carries with it the

page_text: trapboard n. The knot cords have three knots tied in them, as in
the jacquard apparatus previously described, and are secured to the
stationary top board m, and the lower trapboard p is similar in its con-
struction, arrangement, movement, and operation to that described in
reference to Figures 16, 17, 18, 21, and 22. The parts for supporting
and moving the jacquard cylinder q¹ are omitted from Figures 23, 24,
and 25, but an intelligent mechanic acquainted with the construction
of jacquard mechanism, and aided by the description herein given, will
readily apply the same. At Figure 23 the parts are shown in the
position they assume when the trapboards n and o are lowered so as to
release the knot cords trapped by them in their last previous movements.
The trapboard p remains in the position in which it trapped all the knot
cords behind the forked bars p², except those which were raised in the
last previous movement of the trapboards n and o, in the same manner
as was described in reference to Figures 16, 17, and 18. The figure
trapboard o is lowered close to the preparatory trapboard n. The figure
trapboard o is formed as thin as is possible consistent with the necessary
strength, and in order to reduce it in thickness I prefer to form it of
metal. While the parts are in the position shown at Figure 23 the same
pattern card is presented to the needles by the jacquard cylinder q' which
has been presented to the needles for the formation of the last previous
preparatory shed, each card being presented twice to the needles, the
first time to select the threads for the preparatory shed and the second
time to select the threads for the figure shed. At Figure 24 the parts
are shewn in the position they assume when the figure trapboard o is half
raised so as to place the warp threads controlled by, it in the centre of
the shed. The trapboard p is also elevated at the same time, raising to
the centre of the shed all those knot cords held in trap at the back of the
forked bars p and the warp threads controlled thereby which formed
the refuse at the last previous trapping movement of the trapboard p
thus leaving only those threads down (so as to form the under shed for
the insertion of the cutting wire i) which are to be for the time thrown
out of the figure and severed from the back of the fabric. One half of
the linen chain is elevated, as shown by the heddle c¹³, the other half of
the linen chain is placed in the centre of the shed by the heddle c. The
stuffing chain is in the centre of the shed, where it is retained at all
times by the heddle d. In this position the upper pick of weft is thrown
and the cutting wire inserted at the back of the fabric and beaten up
by the reed. While the parts are in the position shewn at Figure 24

page_text: the jacquard cylinder q' is turned and presented to the needles with a
fresh card, so as to select the knot cords for raising the preparatory shed.
At Figure 25 the parts are shown in the position they assume when the
figuro trapboard is fully elevated, carrying with it the preparatory trap-
board with those knot cords selected by the last previous presentation of
the card. The threads are elevated by the preparatory trapboard to the
centre of the shed. When the apparatus is in this position the lower
trapboard p is lowered to the bottom of the slots, and raised a short
distance into the position shewn in the Drawing, so as to trap behind the
forked bars p all the knot cords not raised by the trapboards n and o,
but the trapboard p is not lifted far enough to raise the knot cords
trapped by it, such knot cords, remaining down. Half the linen chain is
placed in the centre of the shed by the heddle c¹³, and the other half
lowered by the heddle c", the stuffing chain remaining in the centre of
the shed. In this position the pile wire h is introduced and the under
pick thrown and beaten up by the reed, the jacquard apparatus then
returning to the position shewn at Figure 23.
I would have it understood that I do not confine myself to the means
for actuating the various parts of a loom and jacquard apparatus herein-
before described and shewn in the Drawings, as the same may be greatly
varied when weaving a fabric according to my Invention, so long as the
substance of any part of my Invention is retained.
Firstly. I claim withdrawing and severing from a carpet or other
figured fabric, during the process of weaving the same, such of the
ornamenting or figuring threads as are not for the time required to form
part of the figure or ornamental surface of the fabric, and reintroducing
and weaving such threads into the fabric when again required, sub-
stantially as and for the purposes herein-before described.
Secondly. I claim the combination with a loom for weaving of
clamping instruments for holding the figuring or ornamenting warp
threads which have been severed from the back of a fabric at or near the
ends of such threads, substantially as herein-before described in reference
to the parts marked j, j, in the Drawings.
Thirdly. I claim the combination with a loom for weaving of clamping
instruments for holding the figuring or ornamenting threads at the back
of the reed when weaving a fabric wherein some of the figuring or
ornamenting threads are withdrawn from time to time and severed from

page_text: the fabric, substantially as and for the purposes herein-before described
in reference to the parts marked ff, in the Drawings.
Fourthly. I claim the combination with a loom for weaving Brussels
carpets or other fabrics by the methods heretofore practised of clamp-
ing instruments at the back of the reed, the movement of which for
putting tension on the figuring warps is adjustable, substantially as
herein-before described in reference to the parts marked f,f', in the
Drawings.
Fifthly. I claim forming an under or additional shed when weaving
carpets or other figured fabrics from such threads as are to be thrown
out of and severed from the fabric, and inserting a cutting wire or
equivalent instrument in such under or additional shed, substantially as
and for the purposes herein-before described.
Sixthly. I claim the employment of a knife or cutting instrument
caused to travel across the back of the fabric so as to sever from the
fabric such of the ornamenting or figuring threads as are not for the time
required, whether such knife is at the end of a wire which has been
inserted between such threads and the back of the fabric, or whether
such knife is otherwise mounted and actuated so as to travel across the
back of the fabric and sover the threads which are not for the time
required, substantially as and for the purposes hercin-before described.
Seventhly. I claim the general arrangement, combination, and
operation of the parts in a loom for weaving, substantially as herein-
before described in reference to Figures 1 to 9 of the Drawings, so far
as such arrangement, combination, and operation is applicable when
weaving a carpet or other figured fabric wherein the threads are with-
drawn from time to time and severed from the back of the fabric,
substantially as and for the purposes herein-before described.
Eighthly. I claim the arrangement of jacquard mechanism whereby
the movements of the figuring or ornamenting threads are governed,
substantially as and for the purposes hercin-before described in reference
to Figures 10, 11, and 12 of the Drawings.
Ninthly. I claim the arrangement of jacquard mechanism whereby
the movements of the figuring or ornamenting threads are governed,
substantially as and for the purposes herein-before described in reference
to Figures 13, 14, 15, 19, and 20 of the Drawings.

page_text: Tenthly. I claim the arrangement of jacquard mechanism whereby
the movements of the figuring or ornamenting threads are governed,
substantially as and for the purpose herein-before described in reference
to Figures 16, 17, 18, 21, and 22 of the Drawings.
Eleventhly. I claim the arrangement of jacquard mechanism whereby
the movements of the figuring or ornamenting threads are governed,
substantially as and for the purposes herein-before described in reference
to Figures 23, 24, and 25 of the Drawings.
Lastly. I claim introducing a "stuffing chain" or additional warp
threads in addition to the ordinary warp threads employed to com-
pensate for the threads which are withdrawn and cut from the fabric,
according to my improved method of weaving, as herein-before described,
when weaving carpets and other figured fabrics requiring solidity,
substance, or body.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Graham Thompson, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of April,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
nine.