IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR ROLLING AND SHAPING METALS
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Ramsbottom, of Crewe, in the County of
Chester, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR ROLLING AND SHAPING METALS."
Sealed the 22nd August 1865, and dated the 16th March 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Ramsbottom at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the
16th March 1865.
I, JOHN RAMSBOTTOM, of Crewe, in the County of Chester, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR ROLLING AND SHAPING METALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in certain improvements upon or applicable to the
machinery for rolling and shaping metals for which Letters Patent were
granted to me on the Thirteenth April One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
three, No. 924.
My present improvements consist in the application of a reciprocating
frame or truck, mounted upon rails or otherwise, to the back of the rolls
described in the Specification of the said Patent, the object of which is to
receive the article that has passed between the rolls, and to return it without
the aid of manual labor when the direction of the rolls is reversed; for this
purpose the truck or frame is weighted to hold it close up to the rolls except
when pushed back by the article under operation.

page_text: A further improvement consists in applying to the front of the rolls an open-
ended cradle or trough; this cradle is mounted upon circular ribs resting upon
friction rollers which are mounted in a truck or frame moving laterally so as to
traverse the ingot or other article from one groove to another, the circular ribs
allowing the cradle to be partly turned round to present the ingot to the
rolls in the required position.
A further improvement consists in giving a reciprocating motion on their
axes to segmental rolls or sectors of rolls, made in separate parts or otherwise,
by the direct application of hydraulic power, or by the direct application of
steam power regulated in its motion by a bydraulic cylinder, to one or both
of the sectors, so as to admit of the sectors being moved through any
required range and reversed at pleasure; the motion may be given to one
sector through a cross head and connecting rod acting on an arm attached to
the axle of one of the sectors, in this case the sectors are connected by toothed
segments; or the motion may be given to both sectors by two rods connecting
the cross bead to cach sector, or two cylinders may be used, one for the back-
ward and another for the forward movement. By this arrangement a natural
fall of water may be rendered available by using it in a cylinder of sufficient
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Ramsbottom in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
16th September 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
RAMSBOTTOM, of Crewe, in the County of Chester, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of
Iler reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said John Ramsbottom, Her special license that I, the said John
Ramsbottom, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said John Ramsbottom, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR ROLLING AND SHAPING METALS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said John Ramsbottom, my executors or

page_text: administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Ramsbottom, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):-
My Invention consists in certain improvements upon or applicable to the
machinery for rolling and shaping metals for which Letters Patent were
granted to me on the Thirteenth of April One thousand eight hundred' and
sixty-three, Number 924.
My present improvements consist in the application of a reciprocating
frame or truck, mounted upon rails or otherwise, to the back of the segmental
rolls described in the Specification of the said Patent, the object of which
is to receive the article that has passed between the rolls and to return it
without the aid of manual labour when the direction of the rolls is reversed;
for this purpose the truck or frame is weighted to hold it near to the rolls
except when pushed back by the article under operation.
A further improvement consists in applying to the front of the rolls an
open-ended cradle or trough, this cradle is mounted upon circular ribs resting
upon antifriction rollers which are mounted on a truck or frame moving
laterally so as to traverse the ingot or other article from one groove to another,
the circular ribs allowing the cradle to be partly turned round to present the
ingot to the rolls in the required position.
A further improvement consists in giving a reciprocating motion on their
axes to segmental rolls or sectors of rolls (made in separate parts or otherwise)
by the direct application of hydraulic power, or by the direct application of
steam power regulated in its motion by a hydraulic cylinder, so as to admit
of the sectors being moved through any required range and reversed at
pleasure.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily carried
into operation I will proceed to describe the accompanying three Sheets of
Drawings, reference being had to the figures and letters marked thereon.
On Sheet 1, Figure 1 is an elevation in section, Figure 2 a plan, and
Figure 3 an end view of a reciprocating frame or truck which is applied to
the back of the segmental rolls described in reference to Figures 24, 25, and

page_text: 26 of the Specification of former Letters Patent granted to me on the Thir-
teenth of April One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, Number 924.
The dotted circles C and D represent the segmental cogging rolls; and A is
the floor, in which are rails A¹ for the wheels of the truck to run upon.
The truck consists of the wrought-iron frame a, supporting the bearings
for the axles b, b, on which the wheels c, c, are fixed; to the upper part of
the truck are fixed the troughs d, d, which are slightly bell mouthed, as shewn
best in Figure 2; these troughs are provided with stop pieces d', which are
secured by bolts with T-heads fitting in grooves in the sides of the troughs in
order to be able to vary the position of the stop pieces; the ingot on leaving the
rolls is guided into the trough, and when it comes against the stop piece d¹ it
pushes the truck along the rails A¹. To the lower part of the truck is fixed
one end of the chain e, which chain after passing over the pulley f is secured
to a weight f. By this arrangement when the article passing between the
cogging rolls has pushed the truck back the weight is raised, and this weight
holds the ingot in contact with the rolls, so that when their motion has been
reversed the ingot is returned through the same groove. The weights a¹ are
to prevent the overbalancing of the truck by the ingot and troughs, and I
wish to observe that the troughs may be made conical or trumpet shaped, as
shewn in dotted lines in Figure 1, in which case the stop pieces would not be
required.
Figure 4 is an elevation in section, and Figure 5 is an end view, also in
section, of a cradle or trough applied to the front of the cogging rolls; Figure 6
is a plan of the supporting plate; and Figure 7 is a plan of the cradle
detached; g is the supporting plate fitting between the standards B, B', partly
shewn in section in Figure 6, and resting upon the brackets g¹, which are
bolted to the cross bracket used for turning up the segments of the cogging or
rolling mill. In the plate g are mounted the antifriction rollers g³, supporting
the truck h, which is moved laterally on the rollers 92, so as to present the ingot
to any of the grooves in the segmental rolls C, D. The sides of the truck
g
support the antifriction rollers g³, on which rests the cradle or trough h¹, con-
taining the ingot or other article to be rolled; the truck h¹ is provided with
circular ribs h³, which fit in grooves of the antifriction rollers g³; these circular
ribs allow the cradle h¹ to be turned partly round by means of a lever inserted
into the holes h', so as to present the ingot to the rolls in any required position.
The cradle is made slightly bell mouthed to facilitate the introduction of the
ingot, and the lower internal surface of the cradle is provided with ratchet
recesses to serve as fulcra for a small crowbar for pushing the ingot forward
to the rolls. At the upper part of the cradle is mounted a spiral cam h³, the

page_text: object of which is to hold down the tail end of the ingot to prevent its forward
end tilting down when not supported by the rolls. The position of the cam
is changed according to the size of the ingot. By means of the cradle h¹ and
the truck ha great saving in manual labour is effected, as the ingot can by
them be presented at any angle and to any of the grooves of the cogging rolls,
and by means of the troughs & and truck a the ingot when delivered by the
cogging rolls is brought back again as before described without any manual
labour whatever.
On Sheet 2, Figure 8 is an elevation in section, and Figure 9 a front view,
partly in section, of a cogging mill shewing one of my improved modes of
communicating a reciprocating motion to the segmental rolls C and D. To
the axle of the lower roll C is fixed the toothed segment i, into which gears
the rack j, supported on the antifriction rollers j', and connected to the piston
rod, the piston of which works in the cylinder k; this piston is moved to and
fro in the cylinder by means of water under pressure, and as the cylinder is
provided with ingress and egress valves and reversing gear of the usual con-
struction it is evident that the length of the stroke of the piston, and
consequently the reciprocating motion of the rolls, can be varied to any extent
and reversed at pleasure. The upper cogging roll D is connected to the
lower roll C by means of the toothed segments D' and C', shewn in section in
Figure 9.
Figures 10 and 11 represent a modification of my improved mode of driving
cogging rolls; in this instance the reciprocating motion is obtained by means
of the double rack 7 gearing into the toothed segments C and D', fixed to the
axles of the cogging rolls. The rack is connected to the piston rod 1, the
piston of which works in the bydraulic cylinder m; the rack is guided by
suitable guides or by the rollers &, as shewn.
In applying steam power direct to the working of reciprocating segmental
cogging rolls the size of the cylinder m must be calculated according to the
pressure of the steam employed, and in order to govern the movements of the
piston in the steam cylinder when the ingot has passed through the rolls, I
prolong the piston rod, and attach to it a second piston working in the
hydraulic cylinder m¹. The ends of the cylinder m¹ are connected by a
passage in which is a throttle valve, by this means the flow of the water
from one end of the cylinder m' to the other, and consequently the motion
of the whole machine, is regulated, and any injurious shocks avoided.
On Sheet 3, Figures 12, 13, and 14 represent an elevation, a plan, and front
view of another modification of my improved mode of driving cogging rolls,
and Figure 15 is a section of the hydraulic cylinder detached; in this instance

page_text: the reciprocating motion of the cogging rolls is communicated from the
hydraulic cylinder m by the piston rod l' and cross head n, to this cross head
are jointed the ends of the connecting rods o and p, p, the other ends of
which are jointed respectively to the trunnions C and D, projecting from
the cogging rolls. The dotted radial lines in Figure 12 indicate the greatest
reciprocating action of the cogging rolls, but the range of the rolls can be
reduced to any extent within those limits.
The various modes above described of communicating reciprocating motion
to cogging rolls will be sufficient to illustrate this part of my Invention, but
various other modifications might be given; it is also evident that by using a
cylinder of sufficient diameter a natural fall of water may be rendered avail-
able for working cogging rolls.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and described certain modes
of carrying the same into operation, I declare that I claim,-
First, the reciprocating frame or truck for supporting ingots or other articles
when passing through cogging rolls as shewn and described in reference to
Figures 1, 2 and 3.
Secondly, the swivel cradle or trough, and the mode of supporting it, for
supplying ingots or other articles to cogging mills as shewn and described in
reference to Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7.
And, lastly, the giving a reciprocating motion on their axis to segmental
cogging rolls by the direct application of water under pressure or by steam
controlled by water in the manner shewn and described in reference to
Figures 8 to 15, inclusive, or any combination or modification of the
machinery for effecting the same result.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Ramsbottom, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Thirteenth day of September, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-five.
JOHN RAMSBOTTOM. (L.S.)