IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROTECTION OF CARBOYS, OR OTHER VESSELS AND PACKAGES
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Hadfield, Varnish Manufacturer, of Carlisle,
in the County of Cumberland, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE PROTECTION OF CARBOYS, OR OTHER VESSELS AND PACKAGES."
Sealed the 30th November 1858, and dated the 5th June 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Hadfield at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th June 1858.
I, GEORGE HADFIELD, Varnish Manufacturer, of Carlisle, in the County of
Cumberland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE PROTECTION OF CARBOYS, OR OTHER VESSELS AND PACKAGES,"
to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in the adaptation to carboys, or other vessels
and packages, of a covering or casing in whole or in part, and so constructed
that the two shall be confined together, but capable of separation when
desired.
To illustrate this, I will suppose it desired to so protect a varnish can; upon
this can I form a flange or projection, and upon the interior of the casing a
recess to receive it; these two parts will therefore confine the vessel and the
casing together, and to enable the latter to be applied, I form it in two or more
parts after the manner of staves. I also protect ordinary packages by forming
the covers in two or more parts provided with flanges or projections and
grooves, as above described.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Hadfield in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
4th December 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
HADFIELD, Varnish Manufacturer, of Carlisle, in the County of Cumberland,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of June in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs, and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
George Hadfield, Her special license that I, the said George Hadfield, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George
Hadfield, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PROTECTION OF CARBOYS, OR OTHER VESSELS AND PACKAGES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said George Hadfield, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the samo to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Hadfield, do hereby declaro
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
This Invention relates mainly to the adaptation to carboys and other vessels,
of a partial or complete outer casing or covering for the purpose of increasing
the strength or stability of the vessel, and thus rendering it less liable to injury
from transport, and better able to resist internal pressure. The Invention
relates also to the protection of packages of various kinds enclosed within cases
constructed of parts that are capable of being readily separated when desired.
In the accompanying Drawing Fig. 1 shews in elevation a carboy or metal can
provided with an outer or protecting casing, the casing being shewn in section.
The carboy is formed of metal with a flange a, a, at its upper part. This

page_text: flange fits into an annular groove formed in the staves b, b, b, which are held
together by metal hoops c, c, and constitute the outer casing for giving addi-
tional strength to the enclosed metallic vessel. The outer casing is fitted with
a bottom d. When it is required to remove the carboy from its case, it is
only necessary to knock off the upper hoops c, and the separation will be
readily effected.
Fig. 2 shews in section a metallic vessel, completely encased in a wooden
envelope. In this instance the vessel, which is made of copper, and intended
to hold gunpowder, is formed with a flat head, with an opening for a plug.
A flange a, a, projecting from the head, enters an annular groove in the
wooden casing, and thus, when the hoops c, c, that hold the staves b, b, arc
put on, the inner and outer vessels will be firmly united together. A
removeable head of wood e is applied to this vessel, and secured thereto by
brads or otherwise.
Fig. 3 shews a square metallic box, provided with flanges and a hinged
metal lid. It is surrounded by an outer casing, grooved to receive the flange,
and is intended to be used either as a shop canister, or for the conveyance of
goods. The metal lining is inserted by the removal of one side of the outer
case or box, which side can then be permanently fixed in its place. For
convenience of transport a wooden cover can be temporarily attached to the
box by screws or otherwise.
Fig. 4 represents in section a metallic cask, with flanges at its opposite
ends, surrounded by a casing of staves, which are grooved, as before explained,
to receive the flanges; when, therefore, the binding hoops are applied, the
cask and its casing will form a firm structure. The ends of the staves, pro-
jecting beyond the metal heads of the cask, will form a sufficient protection
thereto. In the side of the cask an opening for filling it is made, which
opening is closed by the insertion of a bung. A hole for the insertion of a
tap for drawing off the contents of the cask is also to be made in one of
the ends.
Fig. 5 shews in vertical section an open vessel, constructed according to my
Invention, by the aid of which a vessel, having the advantages of a metal
vessel, whether a tub, trough, or cistern, may be constructed of sufficient
strength for all useful purposes, with the employment of a comparatively
small quantity of metal.
At Fig. 6 I havo shewn in sectional elevation a vessel, having the form of
a carboy, but with a body a, constructed of staves without a metal lining, and
a metal head 6 to close the wooden body. This head, it will be seen, is
fitted to the body by means of a flange and groove, as before explained, and

page_text: is secured thereto by the binding hoops c, c. Within this vessel or case the
package to be protected is intended to be received, and for this purpose it is
necessary first to knock off the upper hoops, when the staves will open out,
and allow the head to be removed; the package can then be inserted, and the
head fixed in its place as before. To get at the contents of the package, if,
for example, it be coffee or tea enclosed in lead paper, it will only be necessary
to take off the lid d, and burst the lead paper envelope, when the contents may
be shaken out, as required.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of improvements in the
protection of carboys, or other vessels, and packages, and explained the
manner of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood, that under
the above in part recited Letters Patent I claim protecting vessels and
packages by connecting them with or enclosing them within an outer casing
or envelope, in the manner above set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Hadfield, have hereunto set my
hand and scal, the First day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
GEO. HADFIELD. (L.S.)