AN IMPROVEMENT IN CERTAIN APPARATUS RENDERING THE SAME APPLICABLE FOR MAKING OR REFINING SUGAR
Year: 1831

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
BRUNTON, of Park Square, Regent's Park, in the County of Middlesex,
Esquire, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present Majesty King William the Fourth, by His Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Fourteenth day of April now last
past, did give and grant unto me, the said Thomas Brunton, His especial licence,
full power, sole privilege, and authority, that I, the said Thomas Brunton,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas
Brunton, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed. and
also in all His Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, an Invention of "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN CERTAIN APPARATUS RENDERING THE SAME APPLICABLE FOR MAKING
OR REFINING SUGAR," communicated to me by a certain Foreigner residing
abroad; in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso obliging
me, the said Thomas Brunton, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to

page_text: be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said recited Letters Patent,
as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Thomas Brunton, do hereby describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and how the same is to be performed, by the Drawing hereunto
annexed, and as follows; that is to say:-
Figure 1. a, a, represents a side view of two bars of wrought iron, which
I call chamber bars. The small circular holes shown in these bars are made
for bolts to pass through, and the square holes at the end of each bar seen at
b, b, b, are constructed to receive an iron key, the use of which will be
described hereafter.
Figure 2 represents an edge view of one of the chamber bars, both bars
being of the same thickness.
Fig. 3 shews the two chamber bars laid down upon a plate of wrought
iron c, in the position they are to be fixed in the chamber.
Fig. 4 represents the second plate laid down upon the chamber bars, the
said bars being inclosed between the two plates c, c, in which state they are
united by iron bars which pass through them, and also the chamber bars
a, a, a, the ends of each bolt being very securely rivetted. In this state
the parts so combined constitute what I shall hereafter call a heating
chamber.
Fig. 5. A shews a front elevation of a plate of wrought iron, with six
parallel apertures, d, d, d, d, d, d, made to receive the open ends of six such
heating chambers as above described. In three of these apertures three
heating chambers are placed and retained as there shewn by the keys
c, 0, c; e, e, c; c, c, e. In this Figure the open end of each chamber is shewn by
the dark recesses seen under each end of the chamber bars a, a, a, a, a, a.
Figure 6 shews an edge view of the chamber plate.
Fig. 7 represents a plan of six beating chambers fixed to the chamber
plate A by keys, as before described. The iron plates seen on each chamber
at ff. are rivetted to each side of each chamber, forming a shoulder, which
takes a bearing against the chamber plate A, and forms a joint when the
keys e, o, e, e, e, c, are driven tight into the apertures made in the ends of cach
chamber bar. The chamber plate A is intended to form one side of a boiler
or vat containing water to be heated; therefore it may be made of any
suitable dimensions, according to the purposes that may be required.
Fig. 8 represents a vortical section of a sugar pan, which is to be heated by

page_text: water or any compound, fluid, or liquid that may be found more suitable.
A, A, represents a section of a chamber plate fixed to one side of a wooden
vat by bolts or any other suitable means. c shews a vertical section of one of
the improved heating chambers fixed to the chamber plate A by keys in the
way before described. B, B, shews the walls of a fireplace or furnace, within
which the heating chambers are placed, the open ends being attached, as
before described, to the chamber plate A, A. C represents the five bars or
grate upon which the fuel is laid. D is the fire door, and E, E, are two flues
which convey the flame and heated air into a chimney, placed in any conve-
nient situation. F, F, shews the water contained in the vat G, G. H repre-
sents a vertical section of a copper pan, containing the syrup of sugar to be
boiled by means of the heated water or other fluid that surrounds it, and which
is heated by the improved heating chambers in the following manner:―
Whenever heat is applied to the heating chambers, as shewn at c, the heated
water will immediately begin to move in the direction of the darts shewn in
this Figure, and as the heat increases the current will increase rapidly, and by
that means the heat imbibed by the water at the lower part of the chainber
will by its rapid motion be communicated to the upper part, and from thence to
the whole contents in the vat, which will in like manner be set in circulation;
for as the water contained in the lower part of the chamber c is, when heated,
continually moving from the lower to the upper part of the chamber from
which it issues into the upper part of the vat, so the water in the lower
part of the vat will be continually drawn by the current into the lower part of
the heating chambers, by which means an equality of temperature will be more
rapidly produced than can be effected by the usual means applied for that purpose.
The peculiar circulation of the water, as above dessribed, is principally
effected by the central chamber bar, which, it will be scen, in Figure 3, sepa-
rates a portion of each chamber into two compartments, namely, the upper
and the lower; and this circumstance; added to the very great extent of heat-
ing surface that each chamber presents to the fire, when compared with its
internal contents or with any other means now in use, will best account for
the great advantages that are found in this improved apparatus. Heating
chambers constructed as above described may be applied to any suitable vessel
or boiler employed to supply steam for the purpose of heating pans used for
making or refining sugar, for it will be evident that wherever water can be
advantageously heated steam may also be advantageously generated; therefore,
if steam thus produced is employed to surround any pan or pans charged with
syrup, it may be conveyed around such pan or pans in the usual manner; they
being placed within a proper case or jacket, and if such case or jacket is

page_text: inclosed in a wooden covering which envelopes every external part, or if the
same case or jacket be surrounded with sheet iron or any other suitable
covering, with a sufficient space left between such jacket and other covering
sufficient to contain a proper quantity of any non-conducting material, such
as sawdust of wood, powdered charcoal, or any other substance or material
that will prevent the escape of heat, then the syrup contained in such pan or
pans will be more advantageously heated than by any means now used. Heat-
ing chambers constructed in the manner and way I have described may be
varied in their proportions to suit particular circumstances, as, for instance,
they may be made much deeper, as shewn in Figure 9, and in that case two
bars are used to separate the contents of the chamber so as to produce two
currents instead of a single oue; but from the experience already obtained,
I prefer making them of such breadth that the internal contents shall not be
more than one inch in breadth, the most beneficial effect having, at the present
time, been obtained from that proportion. These improved heating chambers
may be constructed of either wrought iron rivetted together in the way above
shewn, or they may be minde of cast iron, copper, or any suitable metal or
material which, being constructed and combined, or applied in the manner or
way herein shewn, will more effectually and advantageously heat water or any
other fluid, for the purpose of being applied (either in a fluid, liquid, or state of
vapour) to the heating of sugar pans, than can be effected by any apparatus
now in practice.
In Figure 8, I represents a cistern combined with the vat G, the water of
which is used for supplying the deficiency or waste produced by evaporation,
and also to effect a hydrostatic pressure upon the contents of the vat by the
height of its column of water, which may be adjusted either by increasing the
height of the pipe J and cistern I, or by a waste pipe K fixed in the cistern,
which may be lengthened by an additional piece of pipe being made to fit into
the upper end, as shewn by dotted lines; and if the height of the cistern be also
increased, as shewn by dotted lines at L, the liquid column may be increased
in height at pleasure. By means of the hydrostatic pressure thus produced
upon the contents of the vat, the water will be enabled to attain a much higher
degree of temperature than when under the common pressure of the atmosphere
only, by which improvement the syrup in the pan will be brought to and kept
in a state of ebullition in a more economical manner and with greater advan-
tages than by the Dieans hitherto made use of.
And I hereby further declare that the said improvement in certain apparatus,
rendering the same applicable for making or refining sugar, consists,―
Firstly, in the peculiar construction and combination or application of

page_text: certain vessels, receptacles, or chambers, as above described, which I call
heating chambers, constructed with an internal bar or bars arranged as above
described, by which means, if water is heated therein, such rapid currents will
be generated that when they are applied to any suitable boiler, vat, or other
vessel used in the heating of water or generation of steam, to be applied for
the purpose of heating pans for the making or refining of sugar, they will
effect that object with greater advantage than can be produced by any other
apparatus now in use for that purpose.
Secondly, in heating pans containing the syrup of sugar by means of sur-
rounding such pans with water (heated by the peculiar combination or appli-
cation of apparatus above described), such water being pressed upon by an
bydrostatic column, as above described, by which means any water contained
in any vat or other vessel, and surrounding any pans used for the purposes
stated in the Title of this Patent, will be heated, and the syrup contained in
such pans will be boiled, with greater advantages than by means of any appa-
ratus now in use for that purpose.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Brunton, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eleventh day of October, in the year of our Lord
THOMAS (L.s.) BRUNTON.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Eleventh day of October,
in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid Thomas Brunton came before our
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained, in form above written. And
also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statute in that case made and provided.