IMPROVEMENTS IN CHANDELIER OR OTHER PENDENT GAS LIGHTS, AND IN THE FITTINGS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Curtis Kemp, of Avon Place, Pershore
Road, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Agent, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHANDELIER OR OTHER PENDENT GAS LIGHTS, AND
IN THE FITTINGS FOR THE SAME."
Sealed the 29th September 1857, and dated the 20th May 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Curtis Kemp at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th May 1857.
I, EDWARD CURTIS KEMP, of Avon Place, Pershore Road, Birmingham, in
the said County of Warwick, Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHANDELIER OR OTHER PENDENT GAS LIGHTS,,
AND IN THE FITTINGS FOR THE SAME," to be as follows:-
My improvements in chandelier and other pendent gas lights relates, first, to
the glass globes or shades, and the galleries and parts for supporting them;
at the burners, which are more especially adapted for glass chandeliers.
The Drawing annexed represents part of the arme of a chandelier fitted with
a shade, shown partly in section, and other parts, according to my Invention.
It will be observed that the pan or curtain b, b, from which the drops c, c, are
pendent, is made in one piece with the globe or shade a, and that the whole is
supported by an internal gallery or ring d carried by the burner e.
The stop-

page_text: cock or tap f is placed within the curtain b, and has a stem and nob g projecting
through the side. The parth steadies the glass globe which rests on the ring
d; is the burner in the centre.
-
A further improvement in chandeliers consists in fitting the arms to the body
of the chandelier by means of unions,, which, in addition to the parts for fixing,
are furnished the one with a square or other shaped part or parts fitting into a
similar suitable recess or recesses, whereby they are fitted accurately together,
and are readily applied in the same position after having been removed, while
at the same time the one part is prevented turning on the other when the
parts are screwed together. This is particularly applicable to glass chandeliers,
as the arms are less liable to be broken.
Another part of my improvements consists of a pendent burner having one
light only. This light I suspend in the ordinary way by the gas tube, either
from a ceiling or by a pendent bracket. I place the light within a glass shade
globe, carrying the pipe down from the top in a position concentric with the
light. I form the globe of an entire sphere, with a small opening at top and
bottom for the ingress and escape of air and for igniting. The light or the globe
may be made in two pieces, separated horizontally with the upper part, fitted
so as to slide up the pendent tube. Openings for the admission of air may
also be left at the point of division instead of at bottom. The point of
separation may be hid by any suitable ornamental work. In this case the
lower half of the shade is suspended with ornamental chains, and the whole
may rise and fall in the usual manner.
In order
The gas pipe to the jet is small, and terminates in a small globe or other
enlarged form around the lower end of the tube, in the upper part of which the
escape or jet holes of the gas are pierced, so as to spread the light around the
tube in a tulip form. By this means no shade of the gas pipe can be cast
downwards, and the gas will be heated as it descends to the burner.
to protect the upper part of the glass globe from the heat of the
gas, and
to reflect the light downwards, I place a metal, silvered, or other reflector-
within it and above the light. The stem. of the gas tap may project through
the shade, with a suitable knob for turning the tap, or it may be placed
altogether above the shade.
:

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edward Curtis Kemp in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 20th November 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
CURTIS KEMP, of Avon Place, Pershore Road, Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Agent, send greeting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of May; in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Edward
Curtis Kemp, Her special licence that I, the said Edward Curtis Kemp, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Edward.
Curtis Kemp, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHANDELIER OR
OTHER PENDENT GAS LIGHTS, AND IN FITTINGS FOR THE SAME," upon the condition
(amongst others). that I, the said Edward Curtis Kemp, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six. calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Curtis Kemp, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
My improvements in chandelier and other pendent gas lights relate, first,
to the glass globes or shades and the galleries and parts for supporting them
at the burners.
In my improved shade the pan or curtain (from which the glass drops are
usually suspended) is formed in one piece with the shade, and is supported by.
an internal ring, frame, or gallery, resting on the burner, which, with the
gallery or shade support, is altogether hidden from view, while at the same
time less shadow results, and the whole presents an agreeable appearance,

page_text: Fig. 1 represents a bracket light, or it may be a chandelier arm, furnished
with a glass shade, formed and supported according to my Invention; Fig. 2
is a vertical section of the same; while Fig. 3 shows a plan of the gallery or
support of the shade. It will be observed that the glass shade a and the
curtain or pan b is formed in one piece, being united by a neck c, which may
be more or less contracted, or otherwise formed, to suit the burner intended, or
to enhance the appearance. The drops d, d, in glass chandeliers which are
usually suspended from the curtain (it being a separate piece from the shade)
may be similarly supported from this curtain, but I prefer to support them
from the gallery or frame f, as seen at Fig. 2, for this reason, that the shade
may be more readily removed without the drops d, d, which must necessarily
be removed with the shade a, were they suspended from the curtain b. The
position in which the drops are hung when suspended from frame f, f, presents
the same appearance externally as if suspended from the curtain b.
The gallery or shade holder f consists of a ring or centre 9, carried by a
cross bar and socket, which fits on the burner or gas pipe, and is thereby
supported. The ring g may have sufficient height to enter the neck c of the
shade, or, by preference, I erect a number of wires or stems h, h, which form
a circle fitting the neck c of the shade, and thereby keeping it steady. The
shade rests on the ring f, and may be further steadied and supported by the
curved arms i, i, from which the glass drops d, d are suspended..
The bracket arm, if of glass, has the burner fitted thereto in the ordinary
manner, and may have the stop-cock k situated as seen at Fig. 2; or it may be
otherwise disposed. If so situated, I project the stem 7 of the stop-cock through
an opening in the curtain b, and furnish it with a glass knob m.
.
Fig. 4 represents another form of glass shade formed in one piece with the

page_text: curtain b, and adapted for brass brackets or chandeliers, and without the
pendent drops, which, however, may be applied or not, as desired. The
gallery or supporting ring f is constructed in the manner before described, but
modified to suit the size and form of the curtain b.
Figs. 1, 2, and 4 represent at p, p, a wire cloth or reticulated metal
consumer fitted to the top of the shade. It is for the purpose of causing the
combustion of the smoke or combustible part of the products of the gas flame.
'It consists of a double thickness of wire cloth, the outer one p being formed
and fitted to the opening in the shade, and rendered more or less ornamental
on the exterior; while the inner one p¹ is supported at a little distance from the
outer one. The black and consumable parts of the products of the flame in.
passing through p¹ become deposited thereon, while at the same time it is
consumed by the bigh temperature maintained in p', the escape of the incon-
sumable product then takes place through p.
The second part of my Invention, which relates to single pendent lights, is
illustrated in Figs. 5, 6, and 7.
The
Fig. 5 represents a pendent light having a single burner with a single
central stem q, which is suspended from the ceiling or other suitable place in
the ordinary way. is a semi-globe secured to the lower end of pipe q.
lower end of pipe q is furnished with a stuffing box x, through which the
smaller pipe passes which conducts the gas to the burner, and from which
the lower half of the shade s is supported. t.is the burner, which is concentric.
with the gas pipe, and so distributes the jets of gas that they do not unite;
u, the stop-cock, and v, the spindle thereof, which passes through the lower
part of glass shade s, and has the knob w affixed, whereby the tap is turned.
The centre of burner t affords passage for the stem v, and also for air to the
upper part of the gas jets. The lower half of the shade s may be entirely
supported from the gas pipe and stem, or it may be further assisted by the
chains and weight y, y". The lower half shade is raised or lowered by pulling
down or pushing up the knob w, by which the pipe is pushed up or with-
drawn further from the stuffing box x, so that the shade presents the appear-
ance of a globe when closed, which may readily.be opened when required by
drawing down the lower half s. The gas, is turned on and off by the knob w.
The upper ends of the chains y, y, are attached to the runner y¹, and are counter-
balanced in the ordinary manner by weights y". 1, 1, is a surface of porcelain
placed over the flame to protect the upper part of the glass globe, and also to
act in some degree as a reflector and consumer; 2, 2, is a reticulated metal
surface or ventilator for the escape of the heated air from the globe.
+
.In order to hide the junction of the half globes, which may not approach

page_text: close together in order to admit air, I apply an ornamental perforated metal
belt 3, 3, which also serves to attach the chains y. Air may be further
admitted through a hole in the lower part of s, covered by a raised or per-
forated metal ornament q placed around the knob w. Instead of a circular
burner with jets projecting radially, two or more nipples may be projected
therefrom, and the jets directed vertically, as seen in red.
Fig. 6 represents a modification of the globe light last herein-before
described. In this case the jet is supported by a double arm 4, suspended
from a bow 5, fixed to the pendent pipe q, by which also the belt 3, 3, and
upper half of glass shade r are fixed, and with the reflector or consumer 1, 1,
and ventilator 2,2, as before. In order to open and close this glass globe İ
suspend the lower halfs by three chains or cords 6, 6, 6, the one ends of which
are attached thereto and pass over small pullies 7, 7, fitted in the belt 3, 3,
with weights 8,8,8, attached and pendent from the other ends. The lower
simi-shade or globe's, thus counterbalanced, is readily raised and lowered for
the purpose of lighting the gas. These shades may be ground or ornamented
to obscure the view of the internal pipes and fittings. 9 is an ornamental
covering to obscure the air passages, as before. The chains y, y, may be added
to the Fig. 6 for ornament if desired. ⚫
.
Fig. 7 represents a further modification of my improved globe light, in
which the lower half globe is fixed and stationary. The pendent pipe q, as
before, enters the upper part of the shade r, which is fitted loosely thereto, so
that it may be slid up the pipe q in order to raise it from the lower half of the
shades, as seen in the Drawing.
The gas pipe 10 within the globe is smaller in diameter, and is bent and
fitted with an ordinary burner, all as seen; à stem 11 from the pipe supports
the shades, which stem 11 may also be the arbor of a stop-cock 12, or the
stop-cock may be situate at 13 and a stem and thumb knob projected through
the belt 3, as shown dotted.
The upper half of glass shader may simply be slid up the pipe 9 by hand
for the purpose of lighting the gas, or chains and counterbalance weights may
be applied thereto, as shown dotted; a cord may depend from one of the
weights, by pulling which the shade » may be raised when desired.
Having described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of perform
ing the same, I declare that what I claim as my Invention, to be secured by
the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,―
First, forming the shade a and curtain 6 of glass shades or globes in one
piece, and of the form represented in the Drawing annexed; I also claim
constructing the gallery or support of such shades as herein-before described.

page_text: Secondly, I claim the arrangement and construction of the fittings of
pendent gas lights as herein-before described, in which the pendent gas tube
enters the shade or globe at the top, as represented in Figs. 5, 6, and 7 of
the Drawings hereunto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Curtis Kemp, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witnessed,
RICHARD JACKSON TAYLOR,
FREDERICK WHARTON.
EDWARD CURTIS KEMP. (L.S.)

page_text: LONDON: Printed by GEORGE EDWARD EYRE and WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE.
Printers to the Queen's most Excellent Majesty. 1857.