Improvements in Domestic and other Filters.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Sept., 1894
Complete Specification Left. 27th June, 1895-4ccepted, 10th Aug., 1995
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Domestic and other Filters.
1 Dr. WILLIAM HENRY BARR, L.R.C.P., L.R.C.S., L.A.H., Fellow of the
"Chemical Society, of Belgrave Place,, Bury, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My said 'invention relates chiefly to domestic and portable filters but is also
capable of more extended applications. The gist of the invention consists in the
provision of a cheaply and easily made filtering cylinder which can be readily
removed and cleansed and which after each cleansing is furnished with a fresh
filtering surface at a mere fraction of cost. The filtering cylinder is made hollow
and of any suitable material such as metul, porcelain and the like and is finely
perforated with a number of small holes so as to be pervious to water.
I cover this cylinder with a layer or layers of textile material such as closely
woven Egyptian cotton cloth, or a fabric of silk, wool or paper. The covered
cylinder is placed in a suitable case the water being intended to filter through the
erlinder from the outside to the interior from which it is led away by any suitable
pipe. Before coupling up the filter to the flow of water I throw into the casing a
quantity of pulverised agalite, a magnesian silicate of fibrous texture, which is
largely used in cominerce to give body and "handle" to paper for example. The
pulverised agalite is carried by the water against the exterior of the cylinder and
coats the woven jacket with a close porous covering which makes a most effective
filter bed and intercepts all slime, micro-organisms, organic nitrogen and matters
in suspension, rendering the water which passes through absolutely sterile.
Although I have instanced agalite as in my opinion. the most convenient and
useful medium for coating the filtering cylinder, I might also make use of other
matters for the same purpose. For example I might in conjunction with the
agalite, use pure animal charcoal or instead of the agalite I might use materials
recommended for their valuable qualities by authorities on filtration, such for
example as china clay, fossil earth, porous iron, silico-carbon, polarite sand and the
like, but at present I prefer to use agalite.
The filtering cylinder which I employ can be made of any desired size and is
unbreakable, cheap and lasting.
It can be easily removed from the casing and the deposit washed off. I prefer
to place the regulating tap on the delivery. side of the filter. This keeps up the
pressure on the exterior of the cylinder and maintains the filtering coating
undisturbed and preserves it from shocks. The filtering cylinder can if desired be
sterilised by steam or boiling water without injury to the filter.
Dated this 26th day of September 1894.
.E. K. DUTTON &..Co.,
5 John, Dalton Street, Manchester; Agents.

page_text: I WILLIAM HENRY BARR, L.R.C.P., L.R.C.S., L.A.H., Fellow of the
Chemical Society, of Belgrave Place, Bury, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying drawings :-
My said invention relates chiefly to domestic and portable filters but is also
capable of more extended applications. The gist of the invention consists in the
provision of a cheaply and easily made filtering cylinder preferably made of metal
so as to be unbreakable and which can be readily removed and cleansed, and
which after each cleansing is furnished with a fresh filtering surface at a mere
fraction of cost.
For the purpose of rendering my invention more fully understood I have annexed
hereto a sheet of illustrative drawings to which I will refer in the course of the
following description.
Fig. is a vertical section of a convenient form of pressure filter made in
accordance with my invention.
Fig. 2 illustrates my invention as applied to a drip filter.
The filtering cylinder a is made of any suitable unbreakable material such as
metal, and is finely perforated with a number of small holes so as to be pervious to
water. In the drawing the cylinder a is intended to be made of thin perforated
metal. I cover this cylinder a with a layer or layers of textile material such as
closely woven Egyptian cotton cloth or a fabric of silk, wool or paper: The said
layers of fabric and paper are represented by the dotted and full lines marked b..
In covering the perforated cylinder I first of all roll it in several layers of finely
woven Egyptian cotton cloth and over this wrapping. I place another, consisting of
a length of similar finely woven cloth on the surface of which has been previously
spread one or two sheets of what is commercially known as Cotton Bowl Paper, a
thin strong paper of pure Egyptian cotton cellulose, unglazed and unsized. The
wrapping of paper being thus held between layers of cloth is preserved from
possible injury by direct water pressure and from injury by handling.
It will be noted from the drawing that the extremities of the cylinder are closed
by ends c d the end being absolutely blank and having a stud c' extending
therefrom upon which the milled nut is screwed. The end d has an exit hole
which passes through the screwed stud d' extending upward through the end of
the outer casing e, and furnished with a jamb nut d³. The ends of the wrappings
of paper and cloth extend past the extremities of the perforated cylinder when
they have been applied thereto. To secure the wrappings in position and to
prevent any passage of water except through the sides of the cylinder and the
filtering medium I recess the extremities of the perforated cylinder a as shown and
tuck the ends of the wrappings into the said recesses, jambing them down in the
case of the end e by means of the milled nut o and in the case of the end d by the
act of securing the cylinder to the outer case e by the nut d³.
In the latter case a washer or packing ƒ of rubber or metal might be introduced
to secure the tucked-in ends more effectually. As already said the covered
perforated cylinder is secured within the outer casing e by means of the nut d²,
an annular space being left between the inside of the case and the wrapped filtering
cylinder.
The casing e is or may be screwed into a hollow base g into which water pressure
is conducted by the pipe and tap h. A delivery pipe is secured to the tubular
stud by means of the nut this pipe serving to deliver the filtered water.
Before admitting the water to the filter I throw into the hollow base ga quantity

page_text: "
of pulverised agalite, a magnesian silicate of fibrous texture, which is largely used
in commerce to give body and "handle to paper for example. The pulverised
agalite is carried by the flow or pressure of water against the exterior of the
cylinder and coats the woven jacket 6 with a close porous covering which makes
a most effective filter bed and intercepts all slime, micro-organisms, mineral, and
organic matters in suspension and solution roudering the water which passes through
sterile.
It will be evident that this mode of applying a thin filtering surface or skin of
agalite or other material or compound to the surface of a straining or filtering
body by the action of the liquid may be employed to coat not only such a pervious
cylinder as I have described but also any other straining or filtering body capable
of receiving such a coating.
Although I have instanced agalite as in my opinion the most convenient aud
useful medium for coating the filtering cylinder, I might also make use of other
matters for the same purpose. For example I might in conjunction with the
agalite use pure animal charcoal or instead of the agalite I might use materials
recommended for their valuable qualities by authorities on filtration such for
example as kaoline, porous iron, silico-carbon, polarite, and the like, but at present
I prefer to use agalite.
The filtering cylinder which I employ can be made of any desired' size and
when made of metal is unbreakable, cheap and lasting. It can be easily removed
from the casing and the deposit washed off or the wrappings removed and
renewed.
I may place the regulating tap on the feed side of the filter or both influx and
efflux may be governed by a tap. The filtering cylinder can if desired be
sterilised by steam or boiling water without injury to the filter.
When in use the water to be filtered flows through the inlet and rising in the
direction indicated by the arrows enters the annular space surrounding the
perforated filtering cylinder. The water now passes through the wall of
the filtering cylinder and through the coating of agalite or other filtering earth
which acts the part of a primary filter bed arresting slime and suspended matters
and removing lead, lime and organic substances held in solution by chemically
reducing them by oxidation or by precipitation, reudering them inert and throwing
them in a solid form on the surface of the primary filter bed.
The paper-cloth filter bed lying underneath retains and arrests any particle that
may escape through the interstices of the superficial primary earth filter bed.
A full stream of pure water free from germs and sterile; flows fast through the
exit pipe and continues to run until the surface of the filter is choked with dirt
and slime. A reversed current of steam or hot or cold filtered water will
inmediately remove the dirty surface bed from the papur-cloth strainer beneath
to be carried away as it came in, but I recommend a new paper-cloth filter
wrapping and a fresh covering of filtering earths or agalite frequently changed,
since the cost and trouble of renewal is so small.
Fig. 2 shows my invention applied to the ordinary drip filter. The perforated
cyl
ylinder with its wrappings of paper and cloth and its coating of agalite or other
filtering earth is marked a in Fig. 2.
The delivery projection is furnished with a couical rubber or other seating
which fits the hole at the foot of the bell . The unfiltered water is poured into
the bell and filtering through the cylinder drips into the receiver m.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is.
1. The general arrangement, construction and combination of improved filtering
apparatus substantially as described and as illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
2. As means for filtering liquids, the perforated metal cylinder a covered with

page_text: 11002
wrappings of finely woven cotton cloth and layers, of cotton bowl paper or other
thin strong unglazed paper free from size and dressing and consisting of pure
cotton, cellulose, with an outer coating of ngalite or other suitable filtering earth
or material applied in the described manner substantially as herein set forth and
as illustrated.
3. As means for filtering liquids the combination of a perforated metal cylinder
such as a with finely woven cotton cloth and cotton bowl paper applied in layers
to the outer surface of the cylinder and having the overlapping ends thereof
tucked into the stopped cylinder ends and packed and held in position by jamb
nuts and washers the exterior of the said layers of cloth and paper being coated
with agalite or other suitable filtering earth, together with the case e and the
hollow base g all arranged and acting substantially as described and as shown
in the drawings.
4. The employment of agalite either alone or in conjunction with other filtering
earths as a medium for filtering liquids substantially as indicated.
5. In filtering apparatus depositing a thin filter bed of agalite or other filtering
or oxydizing earth or material upon the surface of a straining or filtering body,
the said deposition being effected by the pressure or flow of the liquid passing
through the straining or filtering body, substantially as hereinbéfore set forth.
Dated the 26th day of June 1895.
E. K. DUTTON & Co.,
5 John Dalton Street, Manchester, Chartered Patent Agents,
For the Applicant.