IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Hadley Riddell, of No. 155, Cheapside, in
the City of London, American Stove Merchant, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS."
Sealed the 27th March 1861, and dated the 3rd October 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Hadley Riddell
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd October 1860.
I, JOSEPH HADLEY RIDDELL, of No. 155, Cheapside, in the City of London,
American Stove Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in improvements in boilers used for heating the
interior of buildings and other structures by the circulation of hot water, and
also in boilers used for generating steam, and I carry my said Invention into
effect in the following manner, that is to say, my improved boiler consists in
an upright chamber of wrought or cast iron, or other metal, the hollow case of
which forms the water space of the boiler, and the interior the fire chamber.
This upright chamber is fitted with an outer case, so much larger than itself
as may be required to form a flue for the passage of the heated air and pro-
ducts of combustion, and it is provided with wings or stops to prevent the
direct passage of the hot air to the chimney, until it has been in contact with
the outer surface of the water chamber or boiler. The boiler is by preference

page_text: seated on a solid base of fire brick or other material, in which an opening is
left for the admission of air to support combustion. This opening is furnished
with a shutter, which gives access to the bottom of the fire, for the purpose of
clearing out the ashes and cinders, and by which the admission of air is
regulated. The fire being kindled in the interior of the upright chamber or
boiler communicates its heat to the interior of the hollow case above mentioned,
after which the heated air and products of combustion pass over the top of the
chamber, and circulate round its outer surface until they pass into a chimney
or other passage.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Hadley Riddell in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 3rd April 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
HADLEY RIDDELL, of No. 155, Cheapside, in the City of London, American
Stove Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Joseph Hadley Riddell, Her special licence that I, the said Joseph
Hadley Riddell, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Joseph Hadley Riddell, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Joseph Hadley Riddell, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Hadley Riddell, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is

page_text: to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in improvements in boilers used for heating the
interior of houses or other structures by the circulation of hot water, and also
in boilers used for generating steam, and I carry my Invention into effect in
the following manner, that is to say :-My improved boiler consists of an
upright chamber of wrought or cast iron, or other metal, formed of two
cylinders of different diameters, the hollow space between which forms the
water space of the boiler and the interior of the smaller cylinder the fire
chamber. This upright chamber or boiler is fitted with an outer case, the
space between which and the outer surface of the boiler forming the flues for
the passage of the heated air and products of combustion, and it is also pro-
vided with wings or stops to prevent the direct passage of the heated air to
the chimney until it has traversed over nearly the whole surface of the boiler.
The boiler is by preference seated on a solid base of fire bricks or other
material, in the side of which an opening is left for the admission of air to
support combustion. This opening is furnished with a shutter or door, which
gives access to the bottom of the fire, for the purpose of clearing out ashes or
cinders, and by which the admission of air is regulated. The fire being
kindled in the interior of the upright chamber or boiler communicates its heat
to the interior of the boiler above mentioned, after which the heated air and
products of combustion pass over the top of the boiler, and circulate round
its other surface, until they ultimately are conveyed into a chimney or
other vent.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, I proceed to
explain more particularly how I carry the same into effect, reference being had
to the Drawings hereunto annexed, wherein the same letters refer to similar
parts in each Figure.
Figure 1 represents a vertical section of my improved boiler when applied
to the purpose of distributing heat by the circulation of hot water, in which A
is the fire chamber; B, the hollow case or boiler; C, the external flue; D, the
outer case; E, the aperture through which fuel is supplied, and which is
closed by a slide or door; F, the pipe through which the boiling water flows;
and G, the pipe through which it returns to the boiler after it has parted with
a portion of its heat.
Figure 2 represents a perspective view of the boiler, in which H is the
smoke flue; I, the stop, which prevents the heated air passing at once to the
smoke flue; and K, the wings, which cause the current of hot air to pass
down one side of the exterior of the boiler, in the direction of the arrows, and

page_text: up the other side before it can escape to the vent, the effect of this arrangement
being that nearly the whole of the surface of the boiler is exposed to the action
of the fire or heated products of combustion.
When my improved boiler is applied to the purpose of generating steam as
a motive power, or for other purposes, I attach an additional boiler or steam
chamber to the boiler above described, and connect it thereto by any required
number of pipes, as shown in Figure 3, in which L is the additional boiler or
steam chamber; M, M, two of the connecting pipes; and N, the passage
through which the steam is conveyed for use. The outer case of the boiler is
by preference in this arrangement carried up and connected with the additional
steam chamber or boiler, as shown in the Drawing, by which means the heated
air impinges against the lower surface of the additional boiler or steam
chamber before it passes into the flues, which conduct it round the outer
surface of the upright boiler to the flue or vent.
I would remark that variations may be made in some of the details before
described; but what I claim is, the general arrangement of the different parts,
as shown and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Hadley Riddell, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Third day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
JOSEPH HADLEY RIDDELL. (L.S.)