Improvements in or relating to Spring Tooth Cultivators.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Jan., 1894-Accepted, 10th Mar., 1894
[Communicated from abroad by LYMAN MELVIN JONES, WILLIAM F. JOHNSTON,
and JAMES SAMUEL HEATH, Manufacturers, all of 915, King Street West,
in the City of Toronto, County of York, Ontario, Canada.]
Improvements in or relating to Spring Tooth Cultivators.
FRED ISAIAH MASSEY 55 Bunhill Row London E.C. Manager, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
My invention relates to improvements in or relating to spring tooth cultivators
and the object of the invention is-First-To devise a simple and lightly con-
structed cultivator of requisite strength to perform the functions required of it.
Secondly-To provide an improved and economical means of attaching the teeth to
the sections-Thirdly-To provide means whereby the operator or driver of the
machine can raise the teeth above or depress them below the surface of the soil by
the action of a single hand lever and-Fourthly-To provide a simple means
whereby the depth the teeth extend into the ground while working may be regulated
and it consists essentially-First-Of forming the front and sides of the frame of
a reverse L-shaped angle bar and the independent sectional frames preferably of
double channel steel, which is pivoted at the front to the reverse L-shaped bar and
extends rearwardly to form an obtuse angled and irregular frame with a rearwardly.
projecting loop and thereby furnish convenient means of attaching the teeth in
their proper position in relation to each other-Secondly-Of attaching the teeth
in position by peculiarly formed seats, the rear one of which is supported and
secured in position in the rear loop of the channel steel while those forward are
supported partially by the channel steel and partially by braces or bent bars
attached to such channel steels-Thirdly-Of connecting each section by a rod
to an arm on a rocking bar a spiral spring surrounding the rod and the rocking
bar being manipulated by a hand lever designed to co-act with a quadrant and
Fourthly Of attaching to the rear spring tooth by means of a clip bolt a runner
or shoe; the frame being otherwise constructed and the whole being arranged and
operated substantially as hereinafter more particularly explained.
Fig. 1, is a perspective view showing two sections of a cultivator constructed in
accordance with our invention.
Fig. 2, is a detail showing the manner of connecting each section to the arm of
the rocking shaft.
Fig. 3, is a sectional detail of the tooth seat showing the manner of securing the
top of the tooth to it.
Fig. 4, is a perspective detail of the tooth seat.
Fig. 5, is a cross section showing the means by which the runner is attached to
the rear tooth.
In the drawings like letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in each
igure.
A, is the main frame of the machine, which is formed of a reverse L-shaped
angle bar and supports at the rear of the sides the brackets, B, in which the axle C,
s secured. D, are the sections which are pivoted at the front at, d, to brackets, d²,
attached to the reverse L-shaped angle bar, A. Each section, D, is formed of
double channel steel continuous from pivot point to pivot point. The end section has
at its outer side a lateral portion, D¹, extending at an obtuse angle to the side bar.
[P77

page_text: The side bar from this side and from the opposite side extends inwardly at an
obtuse angle, so as to form a rearwardly projecting loop, D2, the sides of which are
parallel to the side bars of the section.
E, are the spring teeth of the cultivator, each of which is attached to the
cylindrical seats, F, by the bolt, G, the head of which fits within a recess, f, made
in the bottom of the seat. The bolt, G, extends upwardly through a slotted hole, e,
in the tooth, E, and a slotted hole, h, in the helper, H, and through the concaved
block, I, which parts, the bolt binds together by the nut.
J, is a bar which extends obliquely across and is turned at an obtuse angle and
two right angles into the outer side bars of the outer sections to which it is secured by
a bolt, j, so as to form a support for the cylindrical seat, F, of the foremost tooth.
The cylindrical seat has two grooves, ƒ³, and ƒ³, formed on its ends, the outer
groove, f, being made so as to correspond to the channel steel over which it is
designed to fit and the inner groove, 13, being designed to fit over the bar, J.
The cylindrical seat, F, is held securely in position by a bolt, f', which passes
through the seat to one side of the bolt, G, as indicated in Figs. 1 and, 3. The
seats, F, to which the next two teeth are secured are supported on the channel
steel, D, and bars, J, and, K, respectively, the bar, J, being bent at an obtuse
angle and twice at right angles and at a further obtuse angle and secured by
bolts, j, to the double channel steel and the bar, K, being bent at right angles and
obtuse angles and secured by bolts, k, to the lateral projection, D', of the double
channel steel, D. The cylindrical sleeve in these two cases is of course formed
with a groove, f2, next the channel steel in each case.
The seat, F, of the rear tooth is secured within the loop, D2, formed by the
channel steel and is necessarily provided with two grooves, ƒ².
All the sections are the same as the outer section shown with the exception of
the lateral projecting portion, D', which is not provided as in these sections there
are only three teeth secured to them. L, is a runner or shoe, which is secured to
the rear tooth by the clip plate, l, and staple bolt, l', and is formed in the shape of
a flat curved bar as shown. The runner, L, is designed to rest upon the surface
of the ground for the purpose of regulating the depth to which the teeth will
penetrate the soil, and also support the section, thereby preventing the teeth from
dropping when passing over a dead furrow.
M, is a rocking bar, which is journalled by means of the bushings, m, in the
brackets, N, secured to the cross bar, O, which is itself secured at the end to the
brackets, B. P, is a quadrant provided at its forward and upper end with teeth, p,
and at its bottom lower end with teeth, pl. Q, is a hand lever, which is secured by
the clip, g, to the rocking bar, M, and is provided with the usual plunger designed
to be brought between the teeth of the quadrant.
The bar, M, extends through a bushing, m', in the bottom of the quadrant, P.
The quadrant, P, is secured in position upon the cross bar, O, by the bolt, P1, and
upon the axle by the staple bolt, P2. R, are arms secured to the rocking shaft, M,
and extending forwardly as shown. Each arm, R, is provided with a thimbler,
which is pivoted on its end. S, is a rod, which is pivotally connected at the bottom
to the bracket, s, secured to the bracing bar, J, of each section. The bar, S,
extends upwardly through the thimble r, and is provided with a pin, s, to prevent
it from being withdrawn entirely out of the thimble and yet allow of a limited
amount of vertical motion. 2, is a disc secured in position at the bottom end of the
bar by the pin, 3. T, is a spiral spring situated on the bar, S, and extending
between the thimble, r, and disc, s².
.
It will be seen that by manipulating the hand lever and drawing it backwardly
that the thimble, r, is made to slide up the rod, S, until it strikes the pin R. By
moving the hand lever still further backwardly all the sections are simultaneously
raised clear of the ground by their respective connecting bars hereinbefore
described.
Should it be desired to increase the pressure of the teeth upon the ground when
the machine is working it will be seen that by moving the hand lever forward the

page_text: thimble, r, will slide down the rod, S, and press upon the spiral spring, T, thus
communicating to the several sections and their teeth simultaneously any desired
pressure, this depending of course upon the depth it is desired to force the teeth
into the ground.
In the construction of our cultivator it will be seen that as the teeth are attached
to the sections pivoted to the front of the frame and connected to the arms of a
rocking bar operated by a hand lever as described that although latitude is allowed
the teeth to follow the inequality of the ground, they may be raised out of or still
more forcibly pressed below the surface. It will also be seen by the peculiar form
of section adapted that the teeth while being close enough together as to their
movement so as to thoroughly pulverize the soil yet will permit of loose sods etc:
to pass diagonally between the teeth without obstructing the free working of the
machine.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
:―
1. A cultivator in which each section is composed of an integral piece of metal
independently pivoted to the frame of the machine and bent so as to form obtuse
angled off-sets whereby the teeth are secured in their proper relative position as
and for the purpose specified.
2. A cultivator in which each section is formed of an integral piece of double
channel steel, so bent as to form obtuse angled off-sets to determine the position of
the forward teeth and a loop to determine the position of the rear tooth, the support
for the seat of the forward teeth being upon the channel steel and supplemental
bars attached thereto and for the seat of the rear tooth upon the channel steel on
each side of the loop as and for the purpose specified.
3. A cultivator section made of double channel steel, the side bars of which are
formed with obtuse angled off-sets and two of the forward teeth of which are
secured to their seats, which are supported and secured between the bracing bar, J,
and channel steel side bars as and for the purpose specified.
4. A cultivator section made of double channel steel, the side bars of which are
formed with obtuse angled off-sets and the three forward teeth of which have their
seats secured between the side bars and the bar, J, as and for the purpose specified.
5. The combination with the cultivator section made of double channel steel as
specified, of the teeth, E, the forward teeth of which have their seats grooved at
each end at, f, and, f³, so as to fit upon the side bars and, bars, J, and, K,
respectively secured to the side bars and the rear tooth secured within each loop of
the channel steel and bolts, 4, by which the seats are secured in position as and for
the purpose specified.
6. The combination with the cultivator section made of double channel steel as
specified, of the teeth E, secured to the seats, F, by the helper, H, concaved
block, I, and bolt and nut, G, and, f¹, the seats being secured in position by the
bolts,, passing through the bars and seat to one side of the bolt, G, as and for
the purpose specified.
7. In a cultivator and in combination with the rear tooth, E, secured to the
rear of the sectional frame as specified, of a runner, L, secured on the back of the
rear tooth as and for the purpose specified.
8. In a cultivator and in combination with the rear tooth, E, secured to the rear
of the sectional frame as specified, of a runner, L, secured on the back of the rear
tooth by the clip plate and staple bolt, 1, respectively as and for the purpose
specified.
11
9. In a cultivator the combination with one outer section formed of an integral
piece of channel steel and an obtuse angled off-set or lateral projection at the
outside and a loop, D³, at the rear and the bar, J, and, K, and teeth secured in
position as specified, of the remaining sections provided with the bracing bar, J,
and rear loop and teeth, E, secured in position substantially as specified.

page_text: 10. In a cultivator a rocking bar, M, suitably journalled on the cross bar of the
machine and provided with a hand lever, forwardly extending arms fixed to the
rocking bar and pivotally connected by the thimble, ", and rods, S, to the sections
as and for the purpose specified.
11. In a cultivator the combination with the rocking bar, M, hand lever, Q, and
quadrant, P, arranged as specified, of the forwardly projecting arms, R, secured to
the rocking bar, the thimble, r, pivoted on the ends of the arm, R, the rods, S,
extending through the thimble and pivotally connected to the bracing rod, J of
each section as and for the purpose specified.
12. In a cultivator the combination with the rocking bar, M, hand lever, Q, and
quadrant, P, arranged as specified, of the forwardly projecting arms, R, secured to
the rocking bar, the thimble, r, pivoted on the ends of the arm, R, the rods, S,
extending through the thimble and pivotally connected to the bracing rod J, of
each section and the spiral spring, T, on the rod, S as and for the purpose specified.
13. The combination with a cultivator of a pivoted lever arranged to elevate and
depress the teeth of the cultivator by its connections to each section substantially
as shown and set forth.
Dated the 15th day of Tenu 1004