IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PUMPING OR FORCING FLUIDS FOR MOTIVE POWER OR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Graddon, of Clapham, in the County of Surrey,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PUMPING OR FORCING
FLUIDS FOR MOTIVE POWER OR OTHER PURPOSES."
Sealed the 15th March 1878, and dated the 17th January 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Graddon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th January 1878.
JAMES GRADDON, of Clapham, in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR PUMPING OR FORCING FLUIDS FOR MOTIVE POWER OR OTHER
PURPOSES.
The object of my Invention is to force or pump air, water, gas, or other fluid into
receivers employed to give motive power to any machinery connected therewith,
and also to supply any town or place with water or gas or other fluid, or to pump
such therefrom, and to that end I employ one or more pumps, and if more than one
pump be employed, I fix them side by side so as to form a row at any angle, and
when I employ more than one pump, I fix the guide for the piston rods across the
centre of the pumps at any distance more than the stroke required, and I support
the guide at each end by supports fixed to the outside pumps, or to the frame or
bed employed to contain the pumps, or cast as one with the frame bed or pumps as
may be thought best.
The guide is to contain holes which are lined with hard metal if thought necessary,
and through which holes the piston rods pass.
The piston rods are sufficiently long to prevent their separation from the guide
when the inward stroke is made. In order to prevent the pistons from being
forced out of the pumps, I fix a block to each piston rod with a screw or screws or
other convenient means, so that they will come in contact with the guide, which
will in that case be the check.
I place any suitable soft material, or a spring or springs between the guide and
the blocks on the piston rods in order to check the outward force of the pistons,

page_text: und thereby prevent sound; and if thought necessary to employ covers and packing
boxes, I fix the spring or soft material inside the pumps, and in that way prevent
any part of the piston from striking with force against the covers or rim of the
pumps.
I cause the pump or pumps to make the outward stroke by means of a spring
employed to force out the piston and cause the pump cylinder to fill with the
matter required to be forced, and I cause the forcing stroke of those pumps by
means of a roller or wheels fixed on a shaft, and around the roller or wheels I attach
pins or tappets, so that when the roller or wheels revolve, each tappet can come
in contact with the tappets or pins which I fix on the piston rods, which will be
thereby forced into the cylinder of the pumps or pump to force out what is required
to be pumped, as the tappet wheels or rollers are forced round with the shaft on
which they are fixed.
I mount the shaft on bearings fixed to the outside pumps or to the frame, or to
the bed to which the pump or pumps are fixed; and on the roller or wheel shaft I
mount a large driving wheel, with a small wheel or screw to act thereon, and when
set in motion by chains, belts, or wheels connected with motion, a great amount of
power and speed are realized as the pumps are thereby caused to act one after the
other and discharge their contents into a receiver employed to effect or give motive
power thereby.
The tappets are fixed round the roller or wheels in the form of a screw so as to
cause the tappets to force in the piston rods one after the other and cause the pumps
to force alternately.
I also construct the guides for the piston rods of the pumps or pump with one or
two round or square metal rods, against which the piston head is to slide or work
through a hole supported by one or more metal rods.
I also cause each pump to make a double delivery by fitting a tappet, wheels, or
roller to revolve contrary to those by which the pistons are forced in, and I adopt
this method when springs are not used to force out the piston rod.
I adopt the contrary acting tappet wheels or rollers when the pumps are con-
stucted to deliver at one end only.
I also place a wheel in the end of each tappet in order to prevent friction, and I
place the pump or pumps horizontally or otherwise, and allow the piston head to
extend through both ends of the pumps when the slides to guide the piston rods
are not used.
I also in some cases cause the pumps to act one after the other by means of
eccentrics or cranks made to work one after the other by means of tappets placed
on the shaft so as to cause the eccentric or crank to revolve, when required to make
the stroke, to force what the pump or pumps contain into the cylinder employed to
force round the shaft, from which motive power is obtained.
The motive-power cylinder contains suction valves or valve so that it may
remain full, and thereby prevent the pump or pumps from having any space to fill
before the pressure therefrom acts on the piston or pistons employed to force round
the shaft from which motive power is obtained.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Graddon in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 12th July
1878.
JAMES GRADDON, of Clapham, in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR PUMPING OR FORCING FLUIDS FOR MOTIVE POWER OR OTHER
PURPOSES."
The object of my Invention is to force air or other elastic fluids from a pump into
à receiver, and also to force water into the same receiver from a series of pumps in
small quantities, into which receiver the pressure accumulates, aided by heat which
causes expansion. The water thus under pressure is caused to enter a cylinder
provided with a bucket piston, the movements to and fro of which causes machinery
connected therewith to be operated. A portion of the power obtained from the
receiver through the engine is also employed for working both the air and the
water pumps, this being assisted by an auxillary, such as a small engine.
For the purposes of my Invention, I arrange a series of pumps A so as to form a
row, as shown in Figure 1 of the annexed Drawings. I also fix a guide B for the
piston rods C, C, to pass through the guide, being across the centre of the pumps at
any distance more than the stroke required, and I support the guides B at each end
by supports fixed to the outside pumps or to the frame or bed employed to contain
the pumps A, or cast as one with the frame or bed or pumps as may be thought
best.
The guides B have holes which are lined with hard metal to prevent the piston E,
Figure 3, from cutting the holes larger in the guide, through which it has to pass.
The piston rods C, C, are sufficiently long to prevent their separation from the
guide B when the inward stroke is made, and in order to prevent the piston E from
being forced out of the pumps, I fix a block F with a screw or screws or other
convenient means so that they will come in contact with the guides B, which will
in that case be the check.
I place any suitable soft material or a spring of any suitable form between the
guides and the blocks fixed on the piston rods C, C, in order to check the outward
force of the pistons and thereby prevent sound; and if thought necessary to employ
covers and packing boxes G, I fix the spring over soft material inside the pumps,
and in that way prevent any part of the piston from striking with force against the
cover or rim of the pumps.
I cause the pump or pumps to make the outward stroke by means of a spring H
or springs of any suitable form or description, and cause the pump cylinder to fill
with the matter required to be forced, and I form the forcing stroke of those pumps
by means of a roller or wheel I, to which I attach pins or tappets J, that when the
roller or wheel I revolves, each tappet can come into contact with a pin or block F,
which I fix on the piston rod which will be thereby forced into the cylinder of the
pumps or pump to force what is required to be pumped as the tappet wheels or
rollers are forced round with the shaft K on which they are fixed.
I mount the shaft K on bearings L fixed to the outside pump or to the frame, or
to the bed to which the pump or pumps are fixed, and on the roller or wheel shaft K
I mount a large driving wheel with a small wheel or screw to act thereon, so that
when set in motion by chains, belts, or wheels connected therewith, a great amount
of power and speed are realized as the pumps are caused to act one after the
other and discharge their contents into a receiver to effect or give motive power.
The tappets J are fixed round the roller or wheels I in the form of a screw so as
to cause the tappets to force in the piston rods one after the other, and the pumps A
to force consecutively.

page_text: In some cases,
I make each pump A with a double delivery by putting a tappet
roller or wheel so as to revolve contrary to those by which the pistons are forced
in, as shown in the Figure 3, and I adapt this method when forcing springs are
not used to force out the piston rod.
I also place a wheel a in the end of each tappet in order to prevent friction.
When I place the pumps or pump horizontal or otherwise, I allow the piston
head to extend through both ends of the pumps, the slides to guide the piston rods
being then not required.
The motive-power cylinder N contains suction valves or valves so that it may
remain full, and thereby prevent the pumps or pump A from having any space to
fill before the pressure therefrom acts on the piston or pistons employed to force
round the shaft from which motive power is obtained, and when I adopt a receiver
M without pressure, it is placed above or below the motive-power cylinder N to
receive the exhaust fluid, I purpose placing the suction valve of the cylinder so as
they can suck therefrom at the same time, and also purpose to employ the same
receiver to fill the suction pipe to which the pump or pumps are connected, and then
I allow the exhaust fluids to pass from the motive-power cylinders or cylinder N
into the suction pipes P without a tank to first receive the fluid and allow the
motive-power cylinders or cylinder to suck therefrom, as above stated; I also pur-
pose applying a large air vessel M¹ to the slide valve Q of the motive cylinders or
cylinder N which is thereby filled, and the pistons or piston forced out, and the
crank R, to which the piston is adapted to work, is forced round by means of the
pressure gained through the pumps A forcing the fluid into the above-named air
vessel M, and raising the air or other fluid on the top of the fluid forced by the
pumps, the pressure of which is assisted by air or other fluid expanded by means of
a flame producing heat in the centre of the air or other fluid in the large air vessel;
this heat may however be produced by electricity, coal, or gas burning inside or
outside the inner vessel, or in metal bars S, the ends of which bars extend out through
the receiver into a furnace T containing fire employed for the purpose.
I also purpose expanding the air or fluid by heating a metal pipe, through which
the air or fluid is forced by small air pumps Ŭ employed to keep a continual pressure
on the fluid forced into the air vessel or otherwise by means above stated or herein
contained.
I also purpose casting the pumps A all as one casting when required, and so apply
them, or, as before stated, to increase the power of any motive-power engine when
I connect them therewith. And I also purpose placing small wheels in the threads
of the screws or wheels before referred to, cause the tappets, wheels, or rollers to
revolve.
I also purpose driving the air or other pumps to increase the pressure by con-
necting them with any motive power applied thereto. V is the belt to drive the
screw from the driving shaft, and thereby set the tappet wheels I and pumps
A in motion.
I also purpose raising the pump pistons by a back pressure of fluid from the
motive-power cylinder, or by magnets produced by the same electrical apparatus
employed to keep the air heated in the air vessel.
In some cases I cause the pumps to act one after the other by eccentrics or
cranks instead of by the wheels with tappets.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
The improvements in machinery for pumping or forcing fluids for motive power
or other purposes, as herein-before described, and shown in the annexed Drawings.
Secondly. I claim the employment of several pumps in combination with a
receiver and an engine, as set forth and arranged, substantially as shown in the
annexed Drawings for the purposes referred to.

page_text: I also claim the expansion of compressed air by heat applied within a closed
vessel, as described, for the purposes set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Graddon, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twelfth day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-eight.
JAMES GRADDON. (L.S.)