IMPROVEMENTS IN INSTRUMENTS FOR INDICATING ATMOSPHERIC CHANGES AND THE FORCE
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Augustus Clum, of Rochester, in the United
States of America, but now of Euston Square, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Professor of Natural Science, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN INSTRUMENTS FOR INDICATING ATMOSPHERIC CHANGES AND THE FORCE OF
Sealed the 29th October 1867, and dated the 1st May 1867..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Augustus Clum
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st May 1867.
I, HENRY AUGUSTUS CLUM, of Rochester, in the United States of America,
but now of Euston Square, in the County of Middlesex, Professor of
Natural Science, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN INSTRUMENTS FOR INDICATING ATMOSPHERIC CHANGES AND THE
FORCE OF STORMS," to be as follows:-
My present Invention relates to improvements upon the instrument - for
indicating atmospheric changes, for which Letters Patent were granted to me
on the 20th July 1865, No. 1891.

page_text: My present improvements consist, firstly, in articulating or connecting the
rod connected to the lower end of the buoy which floats in the mercury tube
to the bottom horizontal arm of a vertical rectangular frame, the vertical
arms-of-which-are-carried-up-through-tubes-diametrically-opposite each other
at the sides of the mercury tube; the vertical arms are connected at the top
by a horizontal crosshead, from which a steadying rod may be carried up to a
bearing composed of friction rollers in a fixed frame; this steadying device
may, however, be modified or dispensed with. Connected to the vertical arms
of the rectangular frame, below the centre of the dial, is a lower crosshead
which carries the cross hand of the dial for giving the pressure in whole
numbers. The two crossheads are preferred to be adjustable on the vertical
arms, and are secured in-the-required position-by clamp screws. From the
upper crosshead a cord or chain is carried down to and round a barrel or
drum carried by a bracket on a cap fixed to the top of the mercury tube;
àfter passing round the barrel the cord or chain is carried to the lower cross-
head, the two ends of the cord or chain being attached to the crossheads
respectively, and the upper attachment being fitted with a spiral spring so as
to keep the cord taut: The arbor of the barrel round which the cord passes,
works at one end in a jewelled bearing, while its opposite end carries the large
index hand of the dial for giving the fractions of the readings. As the mer-
curial column rises or falls the buoy, and, consequently the rectangular frame,
partake of the same movements; the lower crosshead imparts the move-
ments directly to the cross hand, while the two crossheads through the
intermediation of the cord and barrel impart them to the large index hand.
The intimate connection of the parts of the rectangular frame the one with
the other; and the-no less perfect connection of the whole with the bands..
preclude the possibility of error of any appreciable moment in the movements
of the instrument. If the instrument has two dials the lower crosshead will
carry two cross hands, and there will be two cords, barrels, and large index
bands.
My Invention further consists in improvements by which the instrument is
made more suitable for marine purposes, and increased, steadiness of the
mercurial column is obtained. I fit in the cistern containing, the mercury a
diaphragm, which rests, on the contracted portion of the cistern, and is securely
held by the cistern cover screwing down, upon it. The diaphragm has two
apertures diametrically opposite each other for the passage of the vertical
arms of the rectangular frame. The tubes through which the vertical arms
pass are contracted at one part, and the arms carry conical stops or plugs, so
that when the instrument is adjusted for transportation the tubes are closed

page_text: by the stops. At the same time the orifice at the lower end of the mercury
tube is closed by a conical stop or plug on the middle of the bottom arm of
the rectangular frame.
Another improvement consists in fitting on the vertical arms of the frame a
balancing ring or float; this ring is formel with apertures for the vertical
arms to pass through, and is secured at 'the required position by clamp screws.
When I employ the rectangular vertical frame, as before described, I dis-
pense with the balloons E and rod N, and preferably with the crown
chamber F, as shown in the Drawings accompanying the Specification of my
former Letters Patent. !
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henry Augustus Clum in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
1st November 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
AUGUSTUS CLUM, of Rochester, in the United States of America, lately
residing at Euston Square, in the County of Middlesex, Professor of Natural,
Science, send greeting..
. WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Henry Augustus Clum; Her special licence that I, the said Henry
Augustus Clum, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as 1, the said Henry Augustus Clum, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time.agree with, and no others, from time to time
and, at all times. thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN. INSTRUMENTS' FOR INDICATING ATMOSPHERIC CHANGES AND
THE FORCE OF STORMS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Henry Augustus Clum, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office .within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Augustus Clum; do hereby
declare the nature of my said-Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, that is to say:
My present Invention relates to improvements upon the instrument for
indicating atmospheric changes, for which Letters Patent were granted to me
on the Twentieth July One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, No. 1891
The instrument as constructed according to my present improvements is
represented in the accompanying Drawings. Fig. 1 is a side elevation, and
Fig. 2 a vertical section, of the instrument; Fig. 3 is a cross section of
the dials and hand adjustments. for instruments with two dials; Fig. 4 is a
similar section of a single dial instrument; Figs. 5 to 8 are views in
detail.
The present improvements consist, firstly, in articulating or connecting the
rod o connected to the lower end of the buoy N, which floats in the mercury
tube B to the bottom horizontal arm of a vertical rectangular frame, the
vertical arms L of which are carried up through tubes .C, C, diametrically
opposite each other at the sides of the mercury tube B; the vertical arms L
are connected at the top by a horizontal crosshead J, represented in plan in
Fig. 7, from which a steadying rod R may be carried up to a bearing
composed of friction rollers Q, Q, in a fixed frame; this steadying device may
however be modified or dispensed with. Connected to the vertical arms of the
rectangular frame, below-the centre of the dial or dials E, is a lower cross-
head I, represented in plan in Fig. 8, which carries the cross hand H of
-the-dial for giving the pressure in whole numbers. The two crossheads I and J
are preferred to be adjustable on the vertical arms L, and are secured-in-the-
required position by clamp screws p, p. From the upper crosshead J a cord
or chain is carried down to and round a barrel or drum j carried by a
bracket on a cap P fixed to the top of the mercury tube B. After passing.
round the barrel the cord or chain z is carried to the lower crosshead I, the
two ends of the cord or chain being attached to the two crossheads J and I
respectively, and the upper attachment. being fitted with a spiral spring u, so
ȧs to keep the cord taut. The arbor of the barrel round which the cord
passes works at one end in a jewelled bearing, while its opposite end carries
the large index hand G of the dial for giving the fractions of, the readings.
As the mercurial column rises or falls the buoy N, and consequently the
rectangular frame L, l, partake of the same movements; the lower. cross-
head I imparts these movements directly to the cross hand H, while the two

page_text: crossheads I, J, through the intermediation of the cord and barrel, inipart
-the movements to the large index hand. The intimate connection of the parts
of the rectangular frame the one with the other, and the no less perfect
connection of the whole with the hands, preclude the possibility of error of any
appreciable moment in the movements of the instrument. If the instrument
has two dials, as shewn. in Fig. 3, the lower crosshead will carry two cross
hands, and there. will be two cords, barrels, and large index hands.
'
Fig. 5 is
a side elevation of the cistern or fountain D of the instrument;
Fig. 6 is a plan.
My Invention further consists in improvements by which the instrument is
made more suitable for marine purposes, and increased steadiness of the
mercurial column is obtained. These improvements will be understood by
Fig. 9, which is a vertical section. I fit in the cistern A containing the
mercury a diaphragm a¹, which rests on the contracted portion of the cistern,
as shown, and is securely held by the cistern cover a screwing down upon it.
The diaphragm a' bas two apertures d, d, diametrically opposite each other for
the passage of the vertical arms L, L, of the rectangular frame. The tubes C
through which the vertical arms pass are contracted at one part e, and the
arms carry conical stops or plugs f, so that when the instrument is adjusted
for transportation' the tubes C are closed by these stops. At the same time
the orifice n at the lower end of the mercury tube is closed by a conical stop
or plug g in the middle of the bottom arm of the rectangular frame.
Another improvement consists in fitting on the vertical arms L, L, of the
frame a balancing ring or float X, shown in elevation in Fig. 10, and in
plan detached in Fig. 11; this ring is formed with apertures a for the
vertical arms L to pass through, and. is secured at the required position by
clamp screws p.
When I employ the rectangular vertical frame, as before described,
I dispense with the balloons E and rod N, and preferably with the crown
chamber F, as shown in the Drawings accompanying the Specification of my
former Letters Patent.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim as my "Improve-
ments in Instruments for Indicating Atmospheric Changes and the Force of
Storms,"
First, the combination or combinations of parts substantially as herein-before
described with reference to Figs. 1 to 8 of the accompanying Drawings.
Second, the combination of parts substantially as herein-before described
with reference to Fig. 9 of the accompanying Drawings.

page_text: Third, the employment of the stops or plugs f, Fig. 9, in combination
with the contractions e, and the employment of the stop or plug g, sub-
stantially as and for the purpose herein-before-described.
Fourth, the employment of the balancing ring or float X, Figs. 10 and
11, substantially as and for the purpose herein-before described. :
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Augustus Clum, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
HENRY AUGUSTUS CLUM. (L.S.)