Improvements in the Manufacture of Linoleum.
Year: 1899

page_text: 'Improvements in the Manufacture of Linoleum.
We, JAMES EDWARD BEDFORD and CHARLES SAMUEL BEDFORD, both of 27,
Kirkstall Road, in the City of Leeds, Chemists, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object the manufacture of inlaid or ingrained lino-
leum by printing pigments or soluble colouring matters in suitable vehicles upon
porous linoleum and subsequently consolidating the fabric when in a suitable
condition of dryness by the application of heat and pressure.
"
The general principles and methods of procedure are similar to those, described
in the Letters Patent granted to us No. 11716, 1895, for a process for printing
inlaid patterns upon linoleum and like fabrics" and it is our intention in the
present application to fully describe several improvements in the details of the
procedure whereby the inlaid linoleum may be produced in the cheapest manner
possible.
We take linoleum meal composed of an intimate mixture of ground cork
wood flour pigment and linoleum cement. For most purposes this meal should
be as nearly white as possible but for many patterns it will be found best
to employ a granite or mixed meal consisting of two or more shades of colored
meals well blended in suitable proportions.
It is necessary that the meals before use be passed through suitable sieves
to render them uniform.
In order to prepare porous linoleum we employ a calender of the usual
construction consisting of two large iron rollers suitably geared, in conjunction
with a spreading aparatus or table such as is used in the making of ordinary
granite finoleum, and a glueing device. The object of this latter is to coat
the canvas on one side before crossing the spreading table with a slight appli-
cation of glue or varnish in order to cause the linoleum meal to adhere to
it and give the fabric sufficient strength to pass through the printing machine.
The canvas supplied from a roller kept tightly strained first passes
through the glueing device whereby the surface receives a coating of strong
glue solution then under the hopper and over the bed of the spreading
table fitted with the usual reciprocating knife doctors whereby the thick-
ness of linoleum meal fed from the hopper upon the canvas is regulated
to a definite thickness.
When we desire to produce a linoleum 2 to 2 m.m. in thickness the depth
of the linoleum meal upon the canvas should be about 12 millimetres.
After passing the spreading table the canvas with its charge of meal passes
round one and between both calender rolls, these being cold or slightly heated
and fixed the necessary distance apart to condense the thickness of the fabric

page_text: to from 4 to 5 millimetres. The cloth is then wound upon a roller, or it may
pass direct to the printing machine.
For printing the porous cloth we prefer a horizontal block printing machine
in which each block is capable of being applied twice to every portion of the
cloth. This type of machine is known and used for printing ordinary linoleum
therefore further details of its construction are unnecessary.
The pigments employed are those usually used for paints being exceedingly
fine ground along with boiled or oxidised linseed oil to a stiff paste, which is
afterwards reduced to working thickness with a mixture of turpentine and
benzine and a small proportion of oxidised oil or varnish.
From the printing machine we carry the cloth by means of an endless band
to a hydraulic press working automatically and adjusted to the speed of the
printing machine.
In order to prevent the upper press plate from being soiled by the wet paints
and especially to prevent disturbance of the printed pattern during the pressing,
a web of specially prepared paper is laid upon the wet printed surface of the
fabric and the two pass together between the plates of the press.. This paper
is previously prepared with dextrin or wax composition and before coming in
contact with the linoleum it receives a coating on the side next to the linoleum,
of size, strong varnish, semi solid oxidised linseed oil, or linoleum cement
ground in benzine or turpentine.
By the action of the press the fabric is further consolidated and the pigments
are caused to penetrate.
After passing the press the paper may be removed from the fabric, or it
may be allowed to remain until after the final pressing. The linoleum is then
passed over a series of revolving rollers fixed in a stoving room and adjusted
to the speed of the printing machine and press in order to make the process
a continuous one. The greater portion of the volatile vehicle in the pigments
is here evaporated and the fabric may then be consolidated by strong pressure
between heated plates or rollers.
T
Je
انسيل
1960
JAMES E. BEDFORD,
CHAS. S. BEDFORD.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Linoleum.
We, JAMES EDWARD BEDFORD and CHARLES SAMUEL BEDFORD, both of 27,
Kirkstall Road, in the City of Leeds, Chemists, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particu-
larly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has for its object the manufacture of inlaid or ingrained lino-
leum by printing pigments or soluble colouring matters in suitable vehicles upon
porous linoleum and subsequently consolidating the fabric when in a suitable
condition of dryness by the application of heat and pressure.
..a
The general principles are similar to those described in the Letters
Patent granted to us No. 11716, 1895, for
process for printing
inlaid patterns upon linoleum and like fabrics" and it is our intention in the
present application to fully describe several improvements in the details of the

page_text: procedure whereby the inlaid linoleum may be produced in the cheapest manner
possible..
We take linoleum meal composed of an intimate mixture of ground cork
wood flour pigment and linoleum cement. For most purposes this meal should
be as nearly white as possible but for many patterns it will be found best
to employ a granite or mixed meal consisting of two or more shades of coloured
meals well blended in suitable proportions.
It is necessary that the meals before use be passed through suitable sieves
to render them uniform.
In order to prepare porous linoleum we employ a calender of the usual
construction consisting of two large iron rollers suitably geared, in conjunction
with a spreading aparatus or table such as is used in the making of ordinary
granite linoleum, and a glueing device. The object of this latter is to coat
the canvas on one side before crossing the spreading table with a slight appli-
cation of glue or varnish in order to cause the linoleum meal to adhere to
it and give the fabric sufficient strength to pass through the printing machine.
The canvas supplied from a roller kept tightly strained first passes through
the glueing device whereby the surface receives a coating of strong glue solution
or other adhesive material, then under the hopper and over the bed of the spread-
ing table fitted with the usual reciprocating knife doctors whereby the thick-
ness of linoleum meal fed from the hopper upon the canvas is regulated
to a definite thickness.
When we desire to produce a linoleum 2 to 24m.m. in thickness the depth
of the linoleum meal upon the canvas should be about 12 millimetres.
After passing the spreading table the canvas with its charge of meal passes
round one and between both calender rolls, these being cold or slightly heated
and fixed the necessary distance apart to condense the thickness of the fabric
to from 4 to 5 millimètres. The cloth is then wound upon a roller, or it may
pass direct to the printing machine.
For printing the porous cloth we prefer a horizontal block printing machine
in which each block is capable of being applied twice to every portion of the
cloth. This type of machine is known and used for printing ordinary linoleum
therefore further details of its construction are unnecessary.
The pigments employed are those usually used for paints being exceedingly
fine ground along with boiled or oxidised linseed oil to a stiff paste, which is
afterwards reduced to working thickness with a mixture of turpentine and
benzine and a small proportion of oxidised oil or varnish.
From the printing machine we carry the cloth by means of an endless band
to a hydraulic press working automatically and adjusted to the speed of the
printing machine.
In order to prevent the upper press plate from being soiled by the wet paints
and especially to prevent disturbance of the printed pattern during the pressing
a web of specially prepared paper is laid upon the wet printed surface of the
fabric and the two pass together between the plates of the press. This paper
is previously prepared with dextrin or wax composition and before coming in
contact with the linoleum, it receives a coating on the side next to the linoleum
of size, strong varnish, semi solid oxidised linseed oil, or linoleum cement
ground in benzine or turpentine.
By the action of the press the fabric is further consolidated and the pigments
are caused to penetrate.
After passing the press the paper may be removed from the fabric, or it
may be allowed to remain until after the final pressing. The linoleum is then
passed over a series of revolving rollers fixed in a stoving room and adjusted
to the speed of the printing machine and press in order to make the process
a continuous one. The greater portion of the volotile vehicle in the pigments.
is here evaporated and the fabric may then be consolidated by strong pressure
between heated plates or rollers.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
vention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that
hat we claim is:-
1. The process for preparing inlaid or ingrained linoleum consisting of
() The preparation of a spongey porous fabric of linoleum composition
attached to a backing cloth.
(b) The printing of a coloured effect upon the upper surface of this
fabric.
(c) Pressing, either hot or cold, the printed fabric in contact with a tissue
prepared with adhesive composition in order to preserve the outlines whilst
the linoleum is being compressed.
(d) Stoving the fabric to remove volotile vehicles.
(e) Consolidating the linoleum by heat and great pressure.
2. The process for preparing inlaid or ingrained linoleum as herein described.
Dated this 4th day of January 1900.
JAMES E. BEDFORD,
CHAS. S. BEDFORD.