CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN MACHINERY FOR MAKING FIGURED OR ORNAMENTED BOBBIN NET, OR WHAT IS COMMONLY CALLED ORNAMENTED BOBBIN NET LACE
Year: 1834

page_text: MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION.
SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
CROFTS, of New Radford, in the County of Nottingham, Machine Maker, send
greeting.
WHEREAS I did by petition humbly represent unto His present most
Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth, that after considerable applica-
tions and expense I had invented "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN MACHINERY
FOR MAKING FIGURED OR ORNAMENTED BOBBIN NET, OR WHAT IS COMMONLY CALLED
ORNAMENTED BOBBIN NET LACE;" and His said Majesty, being willing to give
encouragement to all arts and inventions which may be for the public good,
was graciously pleased, by His Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of
the United Kingdom of Great Britain. and Ireland, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twentieth day of November last (One thousand eight hundred
and thirty-four), in the fifth year of His reign, for Himself, His heirs and
successors, to give and grant unto me, the said William Crofts, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege,
and authority, that I or they, by myself or themseves, or by my or their
deputies, servants, or agents, or such other as I or they should agree with,
and no others, during the term of fourteen years from the date of the said
Letters Patent, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend
my said Invention within that part of His said Majesty's Dominions called
England, His Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, in such
manner as to me, my executors, administrators, and assigns, shall seem meet,
and as that I or they shall enjoy the whole profit and advantage arising by

page_text: reason of the said Invention during the said term of fourteen years; and for
that end His said Majesty requires and strictly commands all His subjects
whatsoever that they shall not, neither directly nor indirectly, make, use, or
put in practice my said Invention, or any part thereof, nor in anywise
counterfeit, imitate, or resemble, the same, nor make any addition thereto, or
subtraction therefrom, whereby to pretend himself or themselves to be the
inventor or inventors thereof: And whereas the said Letters Patent contain
a proviso, obliging me, the said William Crofts, particularly to describe and
ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the san:e is
to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and
cause the same to be enrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more
fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Crofts, do hereby declare that my said Invention is described and
ascertained in manner following, and by the aid of the Sheets of Drawings
hereunto annexed, that is to say :-
My said improvements are applicable to that kind or class of bobbin net
machinery which traverses the carriages, that is to say, the diagonal or
traversing threads of the bobbin net made by such machinery are bobbin
threads, the latter being so named because they are supplied from the small
narrow bobbins which are mounted in the bobbin carriages, and which bobbins
having peculiar and appropriate movements given to their bobbin carriages by
the action of the machinery, their bobbin threads become twisted around the
warp threads, which are to proceed longitudinally along the lengthways of the
bobbin net, and which net is formed by such twistings combined with mutual
crossings, which the same bobbin threads are caused to make over each other
at intervals between the successive twistings, and it is by such mutual crossings
that the bobbin threads proceed across the width of the net in diagonal
directions, with contrary obliquities from selvedge to selvedge of the net, and
it is the said oblique diagonal crossings of the bobbin threads which form
the upper and lower sides of each hexagonal mesh, whilst the four inclinig
sides or pillars of each such mesh are formed by the aforesaid twistings of
the bobbin threads around the warp threads. The said class or kind of bobbin
net machinery which traverses the carriages includes several very differently
organized machines, which cannot fail to be identified to persons who are
conversant with such machinery by the above description as being those to
which my improvements are applicable; and such machinery having my

page_text: improvements applied thereto in manner herein-after described will be enabled
to make figured or ornamented bobbin net, or what is commonly called
ornamented bobbin net lace, of a certain kind, which from its resemblance
to the cells of honeycombs is termed honeycomb open work, and which is
composed of intermixed meshes of larger size and of smaller size than the
ordinary meshes of the bobbin net which would be made by the same
machinery operating in its usual manner. The enlarged meshes are regularly
disposed and interspersed amongst the smaller meshes, in such manner that
each enlarged mesh is surrounded by six of the contracted meshes, one of the
latter being situated on each of the six sides of every enlarged mesh; the
appearance of such honeycomb open work to the eye is somewhat similar to
that which is termed Grecian net, except being in minature, for the enlarged
meshes of the honeycomb open work are less disproportioned to the ordinary
meshes of the net than in the Grecian net, in which each large mesh is
surrounded by ten small meshes, and the contracted meshes in honeycomb
open work are smaller than the ordinary meshes of the net, but in Grecian
net the small meshes are nearly as large as the ordinary meshes of the bobbin
net which the same machinery would make when worked in its usual manner.
And my improvements being applied in manner herein-after described to
bobbin net machinery which traverses the carriages, for the purpose of making
bobbin net which is figured or ornamented with honeycomb open work, as
aforesaid, may be also combined with other apparatus, which is well known
and commonly used in bobbin net machinery for inserting what are termed
tapings into the net, and which are formed by extra longitudinal threads intro-
duced and worked into the net, so as to pass longitudinally over or through
the openings of particular meshes and longitudinal rows of meshes, in order
to fill up such openings, and give the appearance of longituding stripes of
thread in the net; and when several such taping threads are introduced side
by side, so as to fill up as many adjacent meshes of the net, the longitudinal
stripe which they make along the net will have the appearance of a narrow
tape; and by combining the ordinary taping apparatus with my improvements,
in manner herein-after described, taping threads may be interwoven into the
midst of the honeycomb open work, so as to proceed over or through the small
meshes thereof in order to partly fill them up, and then the openings of the
enlarged meshes being contrasted to the filling up of the contracted meshes will
be rendered more apparent to the eye, and also the taping threads being suit-
ably interwoven amongst the small meshes will tend to contract and diminish
their size, as well as to fill up their openings by passing through the same, and
the taping threads will at the same time tend to draw open and expand the
longitudinal
A 2

page_text: enlarged meshes, and the small meshes being contracted and filled up with
such taping threads, will be scarcely perceptible as meshes, but will present
the appearance of bordering around the enlarged meshes, so as to occasion that
resemblance to the cells of a honeycomb, from which the ornamented open
work has derived its name. And by aid of my improvements such honeycomb
open work may be formed in stripes of any required width proceeding along
the length of the bobbin net which is to be figured or ornamented thereby, so
that any required portion of the width or even the whole width of the net
which is woven at once in the machine may be wrought with such honeycomb
open work, if desired. And the machinery to which my improvements are
applied being worked with suitable apparatus, such as is usually employed in
like machinery for making the net in narrow breadths with firm selvedges at
each edge of each breadth, to form what are commonly called bobbin net
laces, such laces may by aid of my improvements be ornamented by a stripe or
by parallel stripes of honeycomb open work proceeding longitudinally along
each breadth or lace, and occupying the whole or any required part of the
width thereof, the parts which are not so occupied being ordinary bobbin net.
Note. The said breadths will be united together during their fabrication in
the machine by lacing or whipping threads inserted as usual in like machinery,
in order to whip the adjacent selvedges of the several breadths together, so
that they will form one broad tissue, which, after the net has been bleached
and clear starched or dressed, can be divided into narrow laces by withdrawing
the whipping threads. The said honeycomb open work may therefore be
made by aid of my improvements in breadths, or in parallel longitudinal stripės
occupying part of the width of each such breadth, for ornamented bobbin net
laces, or else in wide pieces or in parallel longitudinal stripes along such pieces
for figured or ornamented bobbin net. And in either such case, by combining
the ordinary taping apparatus with my improvements, taping threads may be
interwoven into or through the small meshes of the open work, in order to fill
the same, and likewise to extend or hold out the enlarged meshes to their full
size, as herein-before stated. And other taping threads may likewise be
interwoven by the ordinary means into the bobbin net in which ornamental
stripes of honeycomb open work is forming by my improvements, as aforesaid,
in order that such taping threads may form other stripes in the net by way of
bordering to the open work, or otherwise, as may be most suitable for the
ornament of the net. And note. Honeycomb open work, somewhat similar
in appearance to that which will be made by bobbin net machinery which
traverses the carriages when the same is worked according to my improve-
<ments, as herein-after described, is commonly produced in ordinary bobbin net

page_text: after the same comes off the machinery by which it is woven, by working in
running threads with a needle through particular meshes of the net, in such
manner as by the tension of such threads to draw those meshes together and
contract them in size, and by that means to enlarge other meshes, in order
to produce the honeycomb open work. And similar open work with taping
threads has also been produced in breadths of bobbin net lace made by
traverse warp machinery by the aid of certain improvements therein, for which,
amongst other improvements, a Patent was granted by His present Majesty to
Messieurs Nunn, Mowbray, and Alabone, on the Seventh of February, One
thousand eight hundred and thirty-three; but the mode described in the
Specification which they enrolled in pursuance of that Patent is not applicable.
to machinery which traverses the carriages, but only to traverse warp
machinery wherein the bobbin threads form the longitudinal threads in the
net, and the warp threads form the diagonal traversing threads thereof.
To comprehend the manner in which my improvements operate to produce
enlarged meshes in the ornamented net made by machinery which traverses
the carriages, the ordinary traversing action of such machinery must be well
understood. After the bobbin carriages have performed those evolutions by
which (according to the usual process of making bobbin net) the bobbin
threads become twisted around their corresponding warp threads in order to
form the twisted sides or pillars of the hexagonal meshes, the bobbin threads
must then be crossed, each one crossing laterally over its neighbouring bobbin
thread. This is effected by traversing the bobbin carriages whilst they are
divided into two distinct rows or divisions, every alternate carriage being in
one of those divisions, and the intermediate carriages being in the other
division; and by shogging each division laterally (that is, moving it in the
direction of the length of its row) as much as the distance between two
adjacent carriages (shogging one division in that manner towards the right
hand and the other towards the left hand), the bobbin threads proceeding
from one division will by the shogging be crossed over those preceding from
the other division, in order that their crossings may form the tops and bottoms
of the hexagonal meshes. Wherefore, after such traversing of the bobbin
carriages and crossing of the bobbin threads has been effected, each bobbin
will become transposed into the place which its neighbouring bobbin previously
occupied, and consequent, when the twisting evolutions are resumed in com-
mencing the pillars for succeeding meshes, each bobbin thread will proceed to-
form twists around that warp thread which is adjacent to the warp thread
around which it formed its twists before the traversing; that is to say, the
bobbin threads of those alternate carriages which have traversed in one division

page_text: to the right will after that traversing begin to twist around those warp threads
which previously to traversing were twisted by the bobbin threads of the other
intermediate carriages which have traversed to the left, and vice versa; those
last-mentioned carriages, after having traversed to the left, will begin to twist
around those warp threads which were previously twisted by the carriages
which traversed to the right; wherefore, every pair of neighbouring bobbin
threads will have mutually exchanged their previous correspondents amongst
the warp threads. This, which is the ordinary action of traversing carriages,
being understood, the construction and operation of my improvements may be
stated as follows:-I cut out or remove from the row or rows of ordinary
main guides for the warp threads all the guides belonging to those particular
warp threads whereof the twists form the pillars of the meshes which are
to be enlarged for the intended honeycomb open work, and I thread those
particular warp threads-through the eyes of other filling-up guides, which are
affixed to extra guide bars, so as to be capable of distinct racking motions from
those of the main guide bar or bars for the ordinary main guides, through
the eyes of which all the other warp threads are threaded, as usual, for
making all those parts of the ornamented not where its meshes are to be as
usual in bobbin net. And I make the said filling-up guides which are fixed.
on the extra guide bars, to range in regular continuation for filling up the
places of the guides which are cut out or removed, as aforesaid, from the
main guide bar or bars, so that the main guides, together with their filling-up
guides, will hold all the warp threads truly spaced in regular order in an
unbroken row or rows, just as usual, and nearly all the several racking
motions which are usually given to the main guides for causing the bobbin
threads to twist around them must be given to the filling-up guides the same
as to the main guides, without much distinction between the main guides and
filling-up guides, whilst those evolutions are performing which are solely for
the purpose of forming the twists. And the action of my improvements is to
give such unusual and temporary racking motions to the said filling-up guides
as are necessary to counteract for a time the effect of that mutual exchange of
correspondences between the bobbin threads and warp threads which results
(as before explained) from the ordinary traversing and transposition of the
carriages; for when by the traversing of the carriages, the bobbin threads (in
the usual course of working) are made to exchange their previous corre-
spondents amongst the warp threads, those particular warp threads which
belong to the open work are, by my improvements, racked so differently from
the other warp threads (which belong to the ordinary net work) that the said
particular warp threads will for a time preserve their previous correspondences

page_text: with the bobbin threads, notwithstanding the transposition which the bobbin
threads have undergone by traversing, because by the action of my improve-
ments the said particular warp threads will have undergone a like transposition,
so as to have accompanied their previously corresponding bobbin threads in
their transposition, consequently, when the bobbin threads resume their
twisting operations after having been traversed, those particular warp threads
which belong to the open work having been transposed equally with the
bobbin threads which formed twists around them before the traversing, the
said bobbin threads will go on twisting around the same warp threads that
they twisted round before the traversing, so as to prolong and continue the
same identical twists which were in progress of formation before the traversing;
nevertheless, the other warp threads which do not belong to the open work
(but to those parts of the net where the meshes are to be of the usual size)
begin after the traversing to be twisted by different bobbin threads from which
twisted around them before the traversing, and are therefore in progress of
commencing new twists instead of continuing the former ones; and it is by
such prolongation of particular twists that the enlarged meshes are formed,
their twisted pillars being composed of a greater number of twists than the
pillars of the ordinary meshes of bobbin net lace, which will be intermixed
amongst the enlarged meshes.
those
The details of the mode of carrying my improvements into effect must
be varied to suit the different kinds of bobbin net machinery which they
are applied to and incorporated with, for the purpose of forming honey-
comb open work in the net made thereby; and for full explanation of the
manner of applying my improvements to different machines which traverse
the carriages, I have hereunto annexed eight Sheets of Drawings, representing
such machinery as is most suitable for the said application, and which will
serve for example in other cases.
Sheets I., II., and III. represent what is termed a circular bolt or circular
comb machine, because the bobbin carriages are inserted into the spaces
between circular bolts or combs, in order to retain the carriages at regular
distances apart in their rows and to guide them in performing their vibrating
motions, whereby they are passed and repassed between the warp threads.
The machine is also termed double tier, because the warp threads are divided
into two rows or tiers by being threaded through the eyes of two rows of
guides, which are fixed on two guide bars, each one being capable of inde-
pendent racking motions from the other; and the bobbin carriages are also
divided into two rows or tiers, which are passed in succession, one after the
other, between the two rows of warp threads. The machine is represented

page_text: with rotary mechanism, by which all the parts are put in motion from the
continuous revolving motion of a double winch or turning handle situated in
front, in a convenient position to be turned by the hands of the workman.
The names of the principal parts being written on the Drawings, and the
structure and operation of such machinery being well known to all persons
conversant with bobbin net machinery, it is needless to enter into further
description of the Drawings, excepting of the parts which are altered or added
in applying my improvements.
The section, Sheet I., shews the two main guide bars t, t, with their leads of
guides F, G, screwed to them as usuul, but the guides are cut out from those
leads, as is shewn in Figure F, at every place where a stripe of honeycomb
open work is intended to be made in the width of the net, and all the warp
threads belonging to the open work are threaded through extra filling-up
guides 25, 26, 27, and 28, which are fixed on four extra guide bars 1, 2, 3,
and 4, two in front for filling up the vacancies in the row of front guides, and
two at the back for filling up the vacancies in the back guides. The number
of main guides which are cut out of each row F, G, is equal to the number of
enlarged meshes which are required to be made in the stripe of open work,
counting across the width thereof, and each of the rows of filling-up guides
25, 26, 27, or 28 have half as many as that number, the filling guides of one
row 25 or 27 being interspaced between those of the other row 26 or 28,
and the two rows of interspaced filling guides being placed in each of the
vacancies in the main guides F, G, will fill up the same, and all the warp
threads will be held in complete unbroken rows as usual; but nevertheless
either of the rows of filling guides 25 or 26, 27 or 28, can when required be
racked independently of the rows of main guides F, G, to which they
belong, although at other times they will be racked coincidently therewith.
The racking motions are given to the filling guide bars 1, 2, 3, and 4, by
extra racking wheels 5, 6, and 7, 8, Sheets II. and III., which go only once
round whilst two rows or courses of complete meshes of net are formed, and
whilst the ordinary racking wheels on the upright axis at the right-hand end
of the machine go twice round. The said extra racking wheels 5, 6, and 7, 8,
are fixed on a horizontal axis 9, situated at the lower part of the machine
beneath the main axis of the driving camms, and turned round by means
of a large spur cog wheel 10, of one hundred and twenty teeth, which is
engaged by the usual pinion x of twenty teeth on the main axis of the
driving camms, and which pinion a also turns the usual taking-up wheels.
for actuating the point bars. The racking motions are given by lateral steps
or elevations and depressions of the prominent rins at the circumferences

page_text: of the wheels 5, 6, and 7, 8, being two such racking rims on each wheel, and
those motions are transmitted to the extra guide bars 1, 2, 3, 4, by upright
levers 11, 12, 13, and 14, two in the front and two at the back. They are
poised on horizontal fixed centre pins, which are sustained by fixed bars of the
framing, and each of those levers has a projecting tooth at its lower end,
which applies to the laterally indented rim of its racking wheel, and at its
upper end is a gage screw, to act against a stump projecting down from that
extra guide bar which the lever is intended to actuate with racking motions,
and suitable springs are applied to each bar, to react against the racking wheel
from which it derives its racking motions. The said extra guide bars 1, 2,
and 3, 4, are supported upon axles at each end of each bar, which are lodged
in suitable bearing brackets affixed to the framing, with such supporting
bearings in the middle as may be requisite to keep the bars from bending.
The filling guides may be soldered into stems of brass plate, which are bended
to a suitable shape, and fastened upon their guide bar by screws, in the usual
manner of applying extra guides, see Figures 25 and 26. The innermost rows
of filling guides 45 belonging to the bars 1 and 2 are bended, so that their eyes
will range with those of the main guides, Figure F, being included within their
vacancies, and having room for racking one space therein, but the two outer-
most rows of filling guides 26 and 28 belonging to the bars 3 and 4 are kept
quite clear of the main guides F and G, so as to be capable of racking inde-
pendently thereof without interference; and for this purpose the outermost
filling guides 26, 28, may be turned flatwise, as shewn in the Figure 26. All
the warp threads are conducted in the usual manner up through the central
space between the two main guide bars t, t, and part of them are threaded
through the eyes of the filling guides 25, 26, from the warp roller, the others
being threaded through the main guides F, G. For the most part the operation
of filling guides 45, 26, requires to be exactly the same as that of the main
guides F, G, to which they belong respectively, and therefore the steps of the
racking wheels 5, 6, and 7, 8, are cut so as to rack the extra guide bars 1, 2, 3,
and 4, at the same time, and in the same direction and the same distance as
the ordinary guide bar wheels II, Sheet II, rack their main guide bars t, t,
excepting at particular periods of the course of operations by which two
successive rows of complete meshes of net are worked, and then, the filling
guides 25-26, require to be racked differently from the rows of main guides
F, G, to which they belong, in order that some of the warp threads which are
guided by the filling guides 25,-26, (and all which threads belong to the open
work,) may be transposed in such manner as to accompany those bobbin
threads which have been previously forming twists around the said warp
some of

page_text: threads, although by the traversing action those bobbin threads are transposed
in common with all the other bobbin threads, and also subsequently the same
filling guides must be again racked differently from the main guides to which
they belong, in order to re-transpose the warp threads of the open work
which were transposed, an:l thus restore them to their proper and usual places
in the general row of warp threads. And in order to introduce taping threads
into the plain parts of the net by the side of the stripes of honeycomb open
work, so as to form stripes of taping, by way of bordering to that open work,
two other extra guide bars K and L may be applied by the side of the guide
bars 3 and 4, with guides m and n affixed to them, opposite to all those places
in the net where stripes of taping threads are to be interwoven therein.
Those taping threads are to be supplied by two small warp rollers M and N,
from which threads are to be conducted up outside of the two taping guide
bars K and L, and through their guides m and n, the ends of which must
stand just so much outside of the outermost filling guides as to keep clear of
them for racking. The two taping guide bars K, L, may be racked by suitable
racking wheels fixed on the upright axis of the ordinary racking wheels at
O and P. The taping guides n at the back are applied at places in the net
exactly opposite to those where the front taping guides m are applied, and by
the operation of the machinery the frout taping threads m will be inserted into
every other alternate mesh at that part of the width of the net where they
are applied, whilst the back taping threads n will be inserted into the inter-
mediate meshes, so that the back and front taping threads together will fill up
as many adjacent meshes side by side as is required to form the intended longi-
tudinal stripe or tape in the net; and when such taping threads are required to
be interwoven into the midst of the honeycomb open work, in order to fill up
and contract the small meshes thereof, and also to extend the larger meshes,
as before mentioned, only every alternate mesh side by side is required to be
so filled up, leaving the intermediate meshes, they being the enlarged meshes;
wherefore, the taping guides p for that purpose are fixed on the same front
taping bar K which carries the taping guides at m, for forming an ordinary
taping, as before mentioned, the said guides p for taping the open work being
placed exactly opposite to the front filling guides, as is shewn at Figure p,
Sheet I., and no corresponding taping guides will be required to be opposite to
the open work at the back thereof. The point bars for taking up the meshes
of the net which is making according to this part of my improvements will
be required to be racked when the points are making their insertion between
the bobbin threads. For that purpose two racking wheels 15 and 16 are to
be fixed upon the upper end of the upright axis for the ordinary racking

page_text: wheels, see also the plan, Sheet III., and they will act by suitable racking
levers 17 an 18 upon gage screws in the end pivots of the crank bars R, by
which the point bars are suspended, so as to rack those bars end ways occa-
sionly, one wheel 15 and lever 17 being for the front point bar, and the
other for the back point bar, and springs 19, 20, are applied by the inter-
vention of suitable cross levers 21, 22, as shewn in Sheet III., to urge
each of the point bars endways towards its own racking wheel. And note.-
It is the front points which in all cases take up the enlarged meshes of the
honeycomb open work, the back points in all cases taking up the small meshes.*
The points act in that mode which is termed taking up all the twist, and not
by that mode which in Lever's machines is called hugging the twist.
",
All the remaining parts of the machinery being understood to be on the usual
construction, and the steps in the several racking wheels being according to the
Drawings, Sheet III., the opperation of the machinery, including my improve-
ments in combination therewith, is as follows: The filling guides 25, 26, 27,
and 28, and taping guides m, m, and p, are to be threaded and interspaced
amongst the main guides F, G, so as to hold their several threads, in the
manner shown by the plan, Number 1, Sheet I., when the parts are in the
position which may be chosen for a commencement of the description, that is,
when both divisions of carriages are behind the warp threads, and locked
in the back combs, and the racking wheels have just racked Number 1,
but no motion has been since made. The front points are in the act of taking
up the meshes of the net, they having descended and penetrated between the
warp threads only an instant before Number 1 was racked, but have not yet
entered between any of the threads proceeding from the bobbins. All the six
guide bars for the warp threads now stand racked to the left as far as they
can go, videlicet, the two main guide bars t, t, together with the two filling
guide bars 1, 3, and 2, 4, belonging to each of them; all these six guide.
bars are capable of racking one double-tier space each.
The front taping
bar K stands racked in its middle position, from which it can be racked one.
space either way, the being capable of racking two spaces. The back taping
bar L stands racked to the right as far as it can go. This position of the
several parts being understood, the winch handle being turned will actuate
the various parts with the following movements in succession, videlicet:-.
The two locking camms in beginning to turn round will allow the lockers
(both back and front) to turn their blades down inwards towards the guides,
so as to liberate the carriages, and at the same time the main driving camms
will cause the driving bars (both back and front together) to swing forwards,
and in so doing the back driving bar will drive the two divisions of carriages

page_text: forwards in their back combs and pass the front division of carriages through
between the warp threads. Also at the first commencement of the above
motions, the front points which are inserted between the warp threads begin
to go upwards between those threads, and are racked by their racking wheel 15
and its lever 17 half a space to the left before they penetrate the front bobbin
threads, which threads by the vibrating motion of the carriages are advancing
forwards towards the front points, so as to meet them as they are going up,
and the front points having thus made their insertion correctly amongst the
front bobbin threads, they are then allowed by their racking wheel 15 and
lever 17 to rack one space to the right by the reaction of their spring 19 and its
lever 21, and having done that, in continuing to rise up they penetrate amongst
the back bobbin threads which are advancing forwards and meeting the points,
and having now secured all the threads, the front points go quite up, but aro
racked again by their wheel 15 half a space to the left before they get quite up.
And note. In consequence of racking the front points as aforesaid one space
to the right after they have entered between the front bobbin threads, but
before they make their insertion between the back bobbin threads, the adjacent
bobbin threads of those two rows between which the points were so entered will
become crossed over each other on the points in taking them up, that is, the
front bobbin threads will become bended to the right across the back bobbin.
threads, which being afterwards bended to the left will cause complete crosses
of the bobbin threads to be taken up by the front points. By the time that
the front points have got quite up, the front division of carriages will have
been driven forwards so far that the blade of the front locker (which then
turns upwards) will pull them quite through the warp threads into the front
combs, whilst the back division of carriages will be locked by the blade of the
back locker in the back combs, and then the racking wheels rack Number 2,
by which racks the front combs one space to the right, with the front division
of carriages in them, and also racks the front guides one to the right, together
with both their rows of filling guides, all three racking together like one un-
divided row. The lockers, back and front, then turn their blades down inwards
towards the warp threads so as to release all the carriages, and the driving
bars swinging further forwards than they did last time will drive the back
division of carriages forwards between the warp threads, and the front. locker
turning its blade upwards will pull them quite through into the front combs,
and then the racking wheels rack Number 3, which racks the front combs
one to the left with all the carriages in them, and also racks the front taping
threads one to the left. Then the lockers turn their blades down and the
driving bars begin to swing backwards so to drive back the carriages and pass.

page_text: the back division between the warp threads, and then the lockers turn their
blades upwards again, whereby the back one takes the back carriages quite
through into the back combs, and the front one locks the front carriages in
the front combs. and then the racking wheels rack Number 4, which racks the
front combs one to the right with the front carriages in them, and racks the
back guides one to the right, together with their two rows of filling guides, all
three racking together like one row, and also racks the front taping threads
two to the right. Then the lockers turn their blades down again, and the
driving bars swing further back to pass the front carriages between the warp
threads, and when the back locker has drawn them quite through into the
back combs, the racking wheels rack Number 5, which racks the back guides
one to the left, together with both its rows of filling guides, and also racks the
front taping threads one to the left. The front carriages are then brought
through forwards, and the back points are drawn out of the net and begin
to go down, and they get about half way down by the time that the
racking wheels rack Number 6, which racks the front guides one to the
left with both its rows of filling guides, and also racks the back taping
guides one to the left. Then the back carriages are brought through forwards
and the back points descend in order to penetrate the warp threads as soon
as the back carriages have come quite through between those threads, but an
instant before they do so the back points are racked by their own racking
wheel 16 and lever 18 half a space to the left, and at the same time the back
taping guides are nudged by their own racking wheel P one space to the left
in order that the back points in penetrating the warp threads may take each
back taping thread on the right-hand side of that thread. The back points
having made their insertion amongst the warp threads, but before they over-
take or reach the bobbin threads, are racked by their own spring 20 and
racking wheel 16 half a space to the right, and then they penetrate between
the back bobbin threads about the time that the racking wheels rack Number 7,
which racks the front guides one to the right, together with both its rows of
filling guides, and also allows the back taping bar to return from its nudge
before mentioned, so as to stand as it did after Number 6 was racked.
The back carriages are then put through backwards, and the back points having
already made their insertion between the back bobbin threads, rise up and
are racked again by their wheel 16 and lever 18 half space to the left, before
by rising they penetrate the front bobbin threads, which are moving back-
wards and meeting the back points, which latter, having thus secured all
threads, go quite up, but in so doing their racking wheel 16 and lever 18
allows them to be racked back again half a space to the right by their

page_text: innermost
spring 20 and its lever 22, and the back points get quite up by the time the
racking wheels. rack Number 8. And note. The racking of the back points
in making their insertion between the two rows of the bobbin threads occa-
sions crossings of the bobbin threads to be made by the back points as before
explained respecting the front points. The racking of Number 8 racks the
back guides one to the right, together with both its rows of filling guides,
and racks the front taping guides one to the right, and also racks the
back taping guides one to the right; then the front carriages are then put
through backwards, and Number 9 is racked, which first brings the distinction
between the main guides and their filling guides into action, for Number 9
racks the front guides F one to the left, together with their outermost filling
guides 26, like one row, but leaves their outermost filling guides 25 standing
still, whereby the regularity of the front tier of warp threads in their previously
unbroken row is deranged for the present, and Number 9 racks the back guides
one to the left, together with both its rows of filling guides, and also racks the
front taping guides one to the left. Then the front carriages are brought
through forwards, and Number 10 is racked, which racks the front guides F
one to the right, together with their outermost filling guides 26, but racks
their innermost filling guides 25 (which stood still last tinie) one to the left,
being the contrary way to the simultaneous racking of the general row F, to
which they belong, and Number 10 also racks the back taping guides one to
the left. Then the back carriages are brought through forwards, and Number
11 is racked, which racks the innermost front filling guides 25 one to the
right, but leaves the front guides I standing still, together with their outer-
most filling guides 26, and also racks the back guides G one to the right,
together with their outermost filling guides 28, like one row, but leaves their
innermost filling guides 27 standing still. Then the back carriages are put
through backwards, and the front points are drawn out of the net and begin
to descend, but do not get more than half way down when Number 12 is
racked, which racks the back guides G one to the left, together with their
outermost filling guides 28, like one row, but racks their innermost filling
guides 27 one to the right, being the contrary way to the simultaneous
racking of the general row G, to which they belong, and racks the front
taping guides one to the left, and also racks the back taping guides one to
right. Then the front carriages are put through backwards, and the front
points go quite down ready to enter between the warp threads as soon as the
front carriages have passed quite through between the threads, but an instant
before they do so the innermost back filling guides 27 are racked prematurely
one to the left, and then the front points penetrate the warp threads, and then

page_text: 25
right.
26
the racking wheels rack Number 1, which racks the front combs one to the
left without any carriages in them, and racks the front guides one to the left,
together with both its rows of filling guides, and racks the front taping guides
one to the left. And now the ordinary racking wheels having gone quite
round, all the parts have regained the same positions which they occupied at
the commencement of this description, excepting that the large racking wheels
5, 6, 7, and 8 for the filling guide bars have gone only half round. The
continuance of the operation is precisely a repetition of that which has been
above described during all the motions which take place whilst Number 2,
Number 3, Number 4, Number 5, Number 6, Number 7, and Number 8 are
racked, without any alteration, until the repetition of racking Number 9, which
is Number 21 from the commencement, and then when the front guides F are
racked one to the left, it is their innermost filling guides 25 which accompany
them like one row, and their outermost filling guides 26 which stand still.
And at the repetition of Number 10 (which is Number 22), when the front
guides F are racked one to the right, it is their innermost filling guides
26 which accompany them like one row, and their outermost filling guides +7
which are racked one to the left, contrary ways. And at the repetition of
Number 11 (which is Number 23), it is the outermost front filling guides 26
which are racked one to the right, whilst the front guides F stand still, and
also when the back guides G are racked one to the right, it is their inner-
most filling guides 27 which accompany them, and their outermost filling
guides 28 which stand still. And at the repetition of Number 12 (which is
Number 24), when the back guides Gare racked one to the left, it is their
innermost filling guides 27 which accompany them, and their outermost filling
guides 28 which are racked one to the right, contrary ways. And lastly, at
the repetition of No. 1, it is the outermost back filling guides 28 which
are racked one to the left before the front points penetrate between the warp
threads. The large racking wheels 5, 6, 7, and 8 have now gone quite round,
and all the parts have regained the position which they occupied at the com-
mencement. Two rows of complete meshes of bobbin net will have been
formed by the movements above described, but the meshes which were taken
up by the front points will be of an enlargd size at all those places in the
width of the net where the main guides F, G, for the warp threads have been
cut out of their respective rows, and filling guides 25, 26, and 27, 28, have
been applied to fill up the vacancies so formed according to my improvements,
as herein-before described; wherefore the net made by the machine will be
figured or ornamented with parallel stripes of honeycomb open work at all
such places in the width of the net, and the net may also be figured and orna-

page_text: mented with parallel stripes of taping threads introduced at various places in
its width by means of the taping guides m and n. And note. That mode of
introducing taping threads by guides m and n for the mere purpose of making
stripes of taping in the net is no part of my Invention; but it is part of my
Invention to use those same means as herein-before described in combination
with my improvements for the purpose of introducing such taping threads by
guides into the midst of the honeycomb open work, whilst the same is
making by machines which traverse their carriages, those threads being
introduced into the small meshes of the open work. And note.-The machine
herein-before described, and represented in Sheets I., II, and III., may be
worked according to my improvements, as herein-before described, in con-
junction with the means commonly used for making bobbin net in narrow
breadths by like machines, videlicet, with the back driving bar I, Sheet I.,
formed of a broad blade or plate i, i, with slits cut in it opposite to all the
joinings of the selvedges for the several breadths of net, and with slider Z fixed
to a bark in order to cover and close those slits, or by a lateral motion to open
them occasionally, when it is requisite to leave particular carriages of the back
division B isolated by themselves behind in the back combs, although all the
other carriages of both divisions are passed through into the front combs. The
said isolated carriages which are occasionally left behind, by entering into the
slits in the back driving bar I, when the same are opened, are those carriages
which supply the whipping or lacing threads by which the adjacent selvedges
of the several breadths of net are united so as to form one tissue of net
during the fabrication thereof; and to prevent the said isolated carriages,
when so left behind within the slits in the blade of the back driving bar, from
sliding down forwards in the back combs by their own weight, those parti-
cular back combs between which they are inserted may be bended towards
each other, so as to spring together and close the spaces between them, in
order that the said carriages may move too stiffly therein to be able to slide
forwards by their own weight. Or otherwise, instead of closed combs, suitable
detaining prongs may be applied beneath the back combs, to be raised up when
required, in order to bring them in contact with the tabs or teeth at the
under side of the said isolated carriages, and detain those carriages motionless
in the back combs, such detaining prongs being fixed to a turning bar situated
horizontally behind the back comb bar parallel thereto, and the prongs reach-.
ing forwards therefrom beneath that bar, and turning up over the back locker,
so as to come close behind the blade thereof; either of which expedients for
detaining the isolated carriages is commonly used and well known. And in
case of making breadths, extra guides, called selvedge guides r,, will also be

page_text: -required for guiding the selvedge threads of the several breadths; those threads
should be supplied from small thread rollers of their own; the said selvedge
guides may be fixed upon the selvedge guide bars S, S, which may be racked
by suitable racking wheels fixed on the upright axis of the ordinary racking
wheels, or else by a large racking wheel V, Sheet II., fixed on the horizontal
axis 9, having a suitable series of steps, and with upright levers v, to transmit
the racking motions to the said extra bars S, S; all which parts, with other
suitable accessaries to them, and their mode of operation for making breadths
being well known to persons conversant with bobbin net machinery require no
farther description. And although I have represented and described the said
circular comb machinery as being actuated by rotary movements, because that
is the most improved mode of working such machinery, nevertheless the appli-
cation and operation of my improvements to circular bolt machines which are
actuated by handles and treadles will be the same as herein-before described;
and in either case, whether such machines are 'made with circular bolts or
with circular combs will make no difference, but for such hand machines the
racking wheels 5, 6, and 7, 8, for racking my filling guide bars, must be so
connected to the moving parts of the machinery as to be turned once round
whilst two rows of complete meshes of net are worked, which may either be
done by a toothed pinion fixed on the axis of the ordinary racking wheels at
the end of the machine, and turning a toothed wheel of double the size and
number of teeth on the axis of the larger racking wheels for the filling guide
bars, or else by turning the latter wheels by means of a ratchet wheel having
twenty-four teeth, to be ratched one tooth at a time, by a similar clawker to
that by which the ratchet wheel of twelve teeth for the ordinary racking
wheels is ratched round. And note.-The said ordinary racking wheels
should be cut with the requisite steps for producing the succession of move-
ments herein-before described; but as the two rows of bobbin carriages must
then be passed regularly one after the other between the warp threads without
interruption to that succession, the usual half-way stop to the swinging motion
of the driving bars must be always ready for action, and must be withdrawn
by pressing on a paddle with one foot every time that the carriages are to
be passed between the warp threads, in the same manner as. was former
commonly practised in hand circular bolt machines at certain periods of their
operation. And for making wide pieces of ornamented net by the operations
hercin-before described, with stripes of honeycomb open work therein, the
rotary circular comb or circulur bolt machinery, herein-before described, may
have two blades affixed to each of its lockers instead of one blade, and with
locking camms of a suitable form for locking the carriages, first by one blade

page_text: guides should
and then by the other, according to the mode of what are called rotary double-
bladed locker machines, or Morley's machines, because Mr. William Morley
uses such rotary machines in his manufactory at Derby, for making wide
pieces of lace, and which mode being well known; and as it makes no
difference in the operation of my improvements whether single-bladed or
double-bladed lockers are used for making pieces of ornamented net thereby,
no farther description is required, except that in applying my improvements
to double-bladed locker machinery, the main guide bars, and the extra
guide bars for my filling guides and for the taping guides should be placed
lower down beneath the combs, and the guide, reach up higher above
their bars than is necessary when single-bladed lockers are used, as repre-
sented in Sheet I., because the double blades require to turn farther down
inwards towards the guide bars than single blades do, and space must be left
for the double blades to move in that manner. The mode of arranging the
part in a suitable manner for double-bladed locker machines is represented
in Sheet 1V., and the same letters and figures of reference are used therein
to denote the same parts which have been herein-before described. And in
like manner my improvements may he applied to those circular comb
double-tier rotary machines which are called fluted roller machines, because
the vibrating motions of the carriages backwards and forwards in their combs
are communicated to them by means of four fluted rollers, acting in teeth
formed at the lower parts of each of the carriages in the same manner as that
whereby toothed pinions actuate toothed cog wheels, and for which machines
a Patent was granted to Messieurs Henson and Jackson, the Eleventh of
January, One thousand eight hundred and twenty-five. Fluted roller machines
operate by traversing their carriages, and are extensively used for making wide
pieces of bobbin net, but not for making breadths, wherefore my improvements
being applied to such machines will make pieces of figured or ornamented net
with stripes of honeycomb open work therein. The mode of applying my im-
provements to fluted roller machinery will be very similar to that herein-before
described, but in order to obtain sufficient room for the introduction of my
filling guides and of the taping guides between the two innermost fluted rollers
and the guide bars, the carriages should be made rather longer, and with more
teeth at the under side than is most commonly used, in order that the fluted
rollers may
stand farther asunder. A suitable arrangement for the operative
parts of such a fluted roller machine is represented by the section in Sheet IV.,
which explains the manner of introducing the requisite filling gnides, and the
taping guides (if such are used) for the purpose of making honeycomb open
work in pieces of bobbin uet, according to my improvements, and the same

page_text: warp
once
letters and figures of reference being used to denote the same parts as
in Sheet I., the foregoing description, together with the writing on the
Drawings, will be a sufficient explanation. All other parts of the fluted
roller machinery which are not represented in the section, Sheet IV., may
be constructed in their usual manner, with the addition of addition of
suitable racking wheels, such as 5, 6, 7, and 8, Sheet II., for racking
the filling guide bars 1, 2, 3, 4, and for the taping bars K, L, (if such
are used). The large cog wheel 10 for those racking wheels must be suitably
proportioned to its driving pinion a for turning them once round, whilst two
rows of complete meshes of net are made by the machinery. The ordinary
racking wheels which turn round once in working one row of complete meshes
should be made with suitable steps for operating on the various bars according
to the foregoing description, which, together with the representations of those
wheels in the Drawing, Sheet III., will be a sufficient explanation to persons
conversant with fluted roller machinery, for applying my improvements thereto.
And respecting the application of my improvements to what is called
Lever's machinery,-which are termed single-tier machines, because all the
bobbin carriages are arranged in one row side by side, and the warp threads
are also in one unbroken row, and the carriages are all passed between the
bobbin threads together at one, instead of arranging the warp threads and the
carriages in two rows, as in double-tier machinery, and passing first one row
of carriages and then the other between the warp threads; but, nevertheless,
the single tier of carriages requires to be divided into two tiers at particular
periods of the operation, in order to traverse the carriages,-Sheet V.
contains a section, full size, of the operative parts of a Lever's machine,
with my improvements applied thereto for making ornamented net, either
in pieces or in breadths, containing stripes of honeycomb open work.
The mode of applying my filling guides being very similar to that before
described, a less minute explanation is required. The usual proportions of
the parts in Lever's machinery does not leave sufficient space between the
comb bars for the introduction of the additional filling guide bars and taping
bars, wherefore the arms of the main joints, by which the comb bars and
landing bars are suspended from the fixed centre pins, about which the bobbin
carriages are to vibrate, should be bended so as to spread the front and back
comb bars apart from each other at their lower edges, without materially
altering the distance between their upper edges upon which the combs are
applied, and those upper edges being formed to a suitable bevil, as is repre-
sented in the section. The front comb bar being cut narrower so as to occupy
less depth than usual, will admit an extra guide bar K, (which may carry

page_text: guides m or p for front taping threads,) to be placed beneath the lower edge
of the front comb bar, being supported quite independently of the latter upon
axles of its own, so as not to interfere with the lifting up of the front comb bar
when required for mending threads. The back comb bar should be of the full
depth, and the main guide bar t may be applied flat against its inside surface;
also what is called the turn-again comb bar, for the half or turn-again combs
at the selvedges of the breadths, may be applied on the outside surface, behind
the back comb bar, and beneath the leads of the back combs, as is usual in
Lever's machines for making breadths. One of the selvedge guide bars may
be applied against the inside surface of the main guide bar, near to the lower
edge thereof, wherefore the main guide bar, the turn-again comb bar, and
selvedge guide bar, are all applied to the back comb bar, and supported
therby. A strong tye bar is extended horizontally all the length of the
machine in the space between the comb bars, being firmly fixed to the wood
framing at each end, and supported in the middle by brackets from the back
rafter of that framing; that tye bar is formed to a bevil, being narrow at the
upper edge, and broad at the lower edge, and against each of its flat surfaces
three extra guides bars are applied one above another, as shewn in the section,
being all six supported by the tye bar, so as to be capable of racking endways.
The lowermost of those three bars which are so applied at the back of the tye
bar may be used for another selvedge guide bar, and the lowest of the three
in front at L, for a taping guide bar, whilst the four uppermost of the six
extra bars (being two in front and two at the back) are the filling guide bars
which, according to my improvements, are to carry the extra guides for the
warp threads belonging to the stripes of honeycomb open work, which guides
fill up the vacancies in the row of main guides, the latter being only retained
for the warp threads belonging to the plain net which is intended to occupy
the intervals between the said stripes. The landing bars, back and front, being
rendered conformable to the inclinations of the comb bars, by suitable bending
of the arms of the main joints, as before stated, the upper edges of the landing
bars must be formed to a suitable level for the ends of the carriages to land
The pusher bars, front and back, being also inclined to suit the landing
bars, the leads of the pushers must be cast anew, in a suitable form to hold
the pushers in their proper positions for acting upon the edges of the carriages
to divide them.
upon.
bevil
The section, Sheet V., represents the relative position of all the said bars.
The bobbins and carriages are as usual. The main guide bar and front comb
bar are racked by their usual racking wheels on the upright axis at the right-
hand end of the machine, and so are the two selvedge bars, and the turn-again

page_text: comb bar, all as usual in Lever's machines. The two taping bars are to be
racked by two additional racking wheels, fixed on the same upright axis as
the other usual racking wheels; but the four filling guide bars are to be
racked by four extra racking wheels, of about double the usual size, which
may be applied on an upright axis of their own at the left-hand end of the
machine, with a ratchet wheel of sixteen teeth fixed upon it, and which is
turned round by a suitable clawker or chopper, deriving its motion from the
swinging out of the landing bars in the same manner as the usual chopper
which acts on the eight-toothed ratchet wheel of the ordinary racking wheels,
wherefore, the large ratchet wheel will be ratched one tootli every time that
the ordinary ratchet wheel is racked one tooth, the ratching of both being
simultaneous, by which means the large ratchet wheel and its four extra
racking wheels will be turned once round, whilst two rows of complete meshes
are worked.
The mode of applying such extra racking wheels at the left-hand end of the
Lever's machine may be seen in Sheet VII., where 10 is the large ratchet
wheel of sixteen teeth, aud 9 is the upright axis upon which it is mounted,
that axis being supported by bearing brackets affixed to the wood frame, and
reaching out therefrom. The four large racking wheels for racking the
filling guide bars are fixed on the axis 9; one of them is shewn at 34 with
a. sliding bolt 389, by which its racking motions might be transmitted to
one of the filling guide bars; and there are also three other such racking
wheels and sliding bolts, which are not represented, but they would be
situated one above the other on the axis 9. 23 is the clawker or driver, for
turning the ratchet wheel 10; it is jointer to one arm of an elbow lever 24,
which serves the place of a chopper; it plays on an upright centre fixed into
a bracket projecting out from the wood frame, and the other arm of the lever
24 is acted upon by a projection w affixed to one of those links which are
called goose necks, and which is jointed to the front landing bar, and reaches
downwards and backwards beneath the fixed tye bar to be jointed to the lower
end of the usual drawing tackle lever at the back of the machine. By this
means, when the front landing bars are extended the elbow lever 24 is moved
by the projection won the goose neck, and thereby the driver 23 is made to
turn the ratchet wheel 10 one tooth, and there is a reacting spring to pull
back the lever 24, when the projection w retreats as the landing bars are
closed, in order that the driver 23 may proceed to catch another tooth of the
ratchet wheel 10. The main guides F, which are cast in leads just as usual
in Lever's machines, are to have guides cut out of their row, in the manner
shewn by the separate Figure F, Sheet V., at all those places where stripes of

page_text: honeycomb open work are to be made in the net, twice as many guides being
cut out at each such place as the number of enlarged meshes which are
required to be made in that part of the open work, counting across the width
of the net, and the warp threads, which would in the usual way of working
Lever's machines have been threaded through the guides which are so cut
out, are to be threaded through the filling guides 25, 26, 27, and 28 with one-
fourth of the number of those warp threads in each row of those filling guides.
The filling guides 25, 26, 27, 28, which will be the same as those herein-before
described, may be soldered into stems of brass plate, which are fixed at their
lower ends by screws to the filling guide bars 1, 2, 3, and 4, and those stems
are bended, so that the guides at their upper ends will stand properly properly
interspaced to the main guides, in order that the main guides and filling
guides together may hold the warp threads in their intended spaces, so as to
form one regular unbroken row of warp threads for the bobbin carriages to
pass through, in the usual manner of Lever's machines. The four filling guide
bars are for the most part racked coincidently and simultaneously with the
main guide bar, so as to accompany the same in its racking motions, as
though all the five bars were one, carrying a regularly spaced unbroken row
of warp threads; but occasionally, at particular periods of the operation of
the Lever's machinery, the racking motions of some of the filling guides are
different from the racking motion which the main guide bar is at the same
instant performing; and the four filling bars go in pairs for so racking
differently from the main guide bars, for when one pair are racking differently
the other pair are racking coincidently, so as to accompany the main guide
bar; and it is one of those pairs which at suitable periods so rack differently
during the making of one row of complete meshes of net, and the other pair
which rack differently at like periods during the making of the next succeed-
ing row of complete meshes of net; hence there is a relation of lateral position
between the filling guides and the main guides, which may be called their
ordinary colocation, to which the filling guides are always restored after having
been racked differently from the main guides. The filling guides 25, which
are carried by the uppermost front filling guide bar +, are to be so interspaced to
each of the vacancies in the row of main guides F, that when the bar + stands
racked one single-tier space to the left of its said ordinary colocation in respect
to the main guide bars, then the left-handmost filling guide 5 will stand in
true continuation of the row of main guides, at that edge of the vacancy in
them. The filling guides 26, which are carried by the uppermost baek filling
bar 4, will stand in true continuation of the aforesaid guides 25, counting from
1
25
2
2G
20
20

page_text: 25
left to right, when the bar e stands racked one space to the right of its ordinary
colocation in respect of the main guide bar. The filling guides 27, which are
carried by the lowermost front filling bar 3, will stand in truc continuation of
the aforesaid guides 46, when the bar 3 stands racked in its ordinary colocation
in respect to the main guide bar, and the filling guides 28, which are carried
by the lowermost back filling bar 4, will stand in true continuation of
the aforesaid guides 27, when the bar 4 stands racked in its ordinary coloca-
tion in respect to the main guide bar. These particulars respecting the mode
of threading the several guides being understood, the manner of working the
machinery therewith is as follows:-Note. The point bars for taking up the
meshes of the net are just as usual in Lever's machinery, but the front points
will always take up enlarged meshes of the net at all parts of the width of the
net where the honeycomb open work is making, and the back points will
always take up the small meshes thereof. The points act on the threads in
taking up the meshes in Lever's machines by the mode which is termed
hugging the twist. The warp threads are all conducted from the usual warp
roller and through the slea to the main guides F, and of their filling guides
25, 26, 27, and 28, passing up behind the fixed tye bar and the extra guide
bars which are applied at the back of it. And note. If tapings are required
to be inserted into the net at parts where the meshes thereof are of the ordi-
nary size, the front taping guides m are applied opposite to every place in the
formed
width of the net where stripes of taping are required to be found therein.
The other back taping guides n are interspaced between the front ones m.
The taping threads for both rows of guides are conducted up from a small
roller M, Sheet VII., in front of the tye bar. And note.-If the selvedge
guides and the turn-again combs are used for making breadths in conjunction
with my improvement, their operation will be exactly the same as usual in
Lever's machines when making breadths, and therefore need not be described.
Taking for a commencement of the description, that period in the ordinary
operation of Lever's machine when all the carriages have arrived in one
unbroken row at their central position between, the warp threads being in
progress vibrating and going through between those threads from the front
combs to the back combs, and ready for dividing the carriages into two rows,
and for taking up the meshes of the net with the back points; the front
catch bar being lifted up out of the front notches of the carriages, and the
back catch bar being down in the back notches thereof, also the landing bars
being separated a little, that is, as far as their back dividing stop will allow.
And in respect to racking motions, the front comb bar stands racked to the left

page_text: as far as it can go that way, but it is capable of racking two single-tier spaces
to the right from its present position. The main guide bar t stands racked to
the left all but one space; it is capable of moving three spaces in all, that is,
one to the left or two to the right in its present position. The filling guide
bar 1, with its guides 25, stands racked to the left all but one space; it is
four
two
three
two spaces
Swo
two
capable of moving three spaces in all, that is, one to the left or two to the right
of its present position. The filling guide bar 2, with its guides 26, stands
racked in its middle position; it is capable of racking four spaces, that is,
three spaces to the right or one to the left from its present position. The
filling guide bar 3, with its guides 27, stands racked in a middle position
from which it can go one space to the left, or twe to the right. Note.-
This bar is now in its ordinary colocation in respect to the main guide bar.
And the filling guide bar 4, with its guides 28, stands racked all but one to
the left, from which position it can go two spaces to the right or one to the
left, this bar is also in its ordinary state of colocation in respect to the main
guides. The four filling guide bars being in those positions will hold the
warp threads, as already explained respecting the filling guides. Those pairs
of warp threads belonging to the honeycomb open work which are now held
in adjacent spaces by the guides 25 and 26 of the guide bars 1 and 2, stand
transposed by virtue of my improvements, each one being at that place in the
general row of warp threads which belongs to its neighbouring warp threads
of the same pair, but the intermediate pairs of warp threads which are held
in adjacent spaces by the guide 27 and 28 of the guide bars 3 and 4, now
occupy their own proper places in the general row of warp threads, the same
as they would do for making ordinary bobbin net. And note. The meshs
which will be included between the said pairs of warp threads of the filling
guides 25 and 26, which stand transposed as aforesaid, will be enlarged
meshes of the honeycomb open work. The front taping guide bar K stands
racked to the left all but one space, but it is capable of moving three spaces
in all, that is, one to the left or two to the right of its present position. The
back taping guide bar L stands racked to the right all but two spaces; it is
capable of racking three spaces. Note.-The proper forms for the steps around
the circumferences of all the several racking wheels is delineated in Sheet V.
This position of the parts being understood, the directions for working are as
follows: Take up the meshes of the net with the back points, by pressing
down the left treadle; the back catch bar will thereby be lifted up out of the
back notches of the carriages, as the points go down, and the back pushers
will be brought into action so as to divide the single row of carriages into two

page_text: rows or divisions, which being done, and the points having got quite down,
and penetrated amongst the threads, they cause the front catch bar wheel to
be nudged round so much as to let fall the front catch bar into the notches
of the front division of the recently divided carriages, whereby those carriages
are secured in their divided state. Then by releasing the left treadle the
back points go up again, carrying up the twists and crossings before them, and
they let the back catch bar down as they go up, and when they get quite up
they cause the ratchet wheel of the back stop to be nudged round so much as.
to release that stop. Extend the landing bars by raising the handles to bring
the front division of carriages through from between the warp threads into
the front combs, and take the back division of carriages through into the
back combs, and then the usual chopper turns the eight-toothed ratchet
wheel for the ordinary racking wheels to tooth 1. Also the corresponding.
chopper or driver 23 of the additional sixteen-toothed rachet wheel 10° at
the same instant turns that wheel to tooth 1, by which means the front combs
are racked two spaces to the right with the front carriages in them; the
main guides F are also racked two spaces to the right; the filling guides 26
are racked three spaces to the right, which being one space more than the
main guides have been racked that way, the said filling guides 26 are thereby
restored to their ordinary colocation in respect to the main guides; the
filling guides 25, 27, and 28 are all racked together two spaces to the right,
so as to accompany the main guides; the front taping guides m are racked
two spaces to the right, so as to accompany the main guides; the back,
taping guides n are racked two spaces to the right, but the divided carriages
down to their central position, in order to re-arrange them all in one row,
wherein those which formed the front division will have traversed to the right.
When the carriages get nearly into one row, both catch bars are lifted up,.
and then the back catch bar falling secures the entire row, and by extending,
the bars again all the carriages will be taken through between the warp.
threads into the back combs, and the ratchet wheels will rack tooth 2, which
racks the front combs two spaces to the left without any carriages in them,
and racks the main guides F two spaces to the left, and racks the filling.
guides 25 also two spaces to the left to accompany the main guides, and racks
the filling guides 25 three spaces to the left, which being one space more.
than the main guides have been racked that way, the said filling guides are
thereby restored to their ordinary colocation in respect to the main guides,.
and racks the filling guides 27 two spaces to the left, and racks the filling
guides 28 two spaces to the left, so that both the last-mentioned rows of
guides accompany the main guides, and racks the front taping guidés mone
26

page_text: space to the left, and racks the back taping guides three space to the left.
Bring the carriages forwards to their central position, the back catch bar is
lifted and the front one let fall, and by extending the bars again all the
carriages are brought through into the front combs and tooth 3 is racked,
which racks the main guides F one space to the right, and all the four rows
of filling.guides 25, 26, 27, and 28 one space to the right coincidently. with
the main guides, and racks the front taping guides m one space to the right,
and racks the back taping guides n one space to the right. Push the
carriages backwards to their central position, the back catch bar is let fall and
the front one lifted, and by extending the bars again all the carriages are
taken through into the back combs, and toothed 4 is racked, which racks the
main guides one space to the left, and racks all the four filling guide bars one
space to the left, coincidently with the main guides, and racks the front
taping guides m two spaces to the left, and the back taping guides n are not
racked; also when tooth 4 is racked the back dividing stop is set ready for
catching. Bring the carriages forwards to their central position, the catch
bars are not altered, but the dividing stop catches and detains the landing bar.
Take up the meshes with the front points by pressing down the right treadle,
the back catch bar will be lifted as they descend, and the pushers will be
brought into action to divide the single row of carriages into two divisions,
when the points have got down and penetrated between the threads, the front
catch bar wheel is nudged so as to let the front catch bar fall, in order to
secure the front division of the recently divided carriages, and as the front points
go up they let down the back catch bar, and it secures the back division,
and when the points get quite up they nudge the wheel of the back dividing
stop so as to release that stop. Extend the bars to bring the front division of
carriages into the front combs, and to take the back division into the back
combs, and when both get quite clear of the warp threads tooth 5 is racked,
which racks the front combs two spaces to the right with the front carriages;
the main guides F are not racked, nor the filling guides 26, 27, but the filling
guides are racked two spaces to the right, which removes them thus much
from their ordinary colocation in respect to the main guides; the filling guides
28 are not racked; the front taping guides m are racked two spaces to the
right, and the back taping guides n are racked two spaces to the right. Put
the divided carriages down to their central position, in order to rearrange
them all in one row, wherein those which formed the front division will have
traversed to the right; when the carriages get nearly into one row both catch
bars are lifted, and then the front catch bar falling secures the entire row,
and by extending the bars again all the carriages will be drawn forwards into.
27
25

page_text: 25
20
27
25
the front combs, and tooth 6 is racked, which racks the front combs two
spaces to the left with all the carriages; the main guides are not racked;
the filling guides 27 and 4S are not racked, but the filling guides 45 and 46
are racked one space to the left, by which means the pairs of adjacent warp
threads of the open work which are threaded into those guides become
transposed each one into that place in the general row of warp threads which
belongs to its neighbouring warp thread of the same pair. The front taping
threads m are racked two spaces to the left, and the back taping threads n
two spaces to the left. Push the carriages backwards to their central position;
the back catch bar is let fall, and the front one lifted, and then by extending
the bars all the carriages are taken through into the back combs, and tooth
7 is racked, which racks the main guides F one space to the left, together
with all the four rows of filling guides 25, 26, 27, and 28 which accompany
the main guides one space to the left, and racks the front taping threads
m one space to the left, and the back taping guides n one space to the left.
Bring the carriages forwards to their central position; the front catch bar is
let fall, and the back one raised, and then by extending the bars all the
carriages are brought through into the front, and tooth 8 is racked, which
racks the main guides one space to the right, together with all the four rows
of filling guides 25, 26, 27, and 28 which accompany the main guides one
space to the right, and racks the front taping threads m one space to the
right, and the back taping guides nono space to the right; also the back
dividing stop is set ready for catching. Push the carriages backwards to their
central position; the back catch bar is let fall and the front one raised, and
the dividing stop catches and detains the landing bars. The ordinary racking
wheels have now gone once round, and a row of complete meshes of net has
been worked; all the parts have now regained the same positions which they
had at the commencement of this description, excepting the large racking
wheels, which have gone only half round, and the filling guide bars which
are racked by those wheels stand differently to their position at the commence-
ment, for it is the filling guides 25 and 26 which are now in their ordinary
colocation in respect to the main guides and the other two rows of filling
guides 27 and 28, which hold their warp threads transposed. The continuance
of the operation is an exact repetition of that which has been described, except-
ing the racking of the filling guide bars, which varies therefrom as follows:-
On racking tooth 9 of the large ratchet wheel (which is the repetition of tooth
1 of the ordinary racking wheels), it is the filling guides 28 which are racked
three spaces to the right, when the main guides are only racked two spaces
that way, and all the other three rows of filling guides 25, 26, and 27 accom-

page_text: pany the main guides. On racking tooth 10 (which is a repetition of tooth
2) it is the filling guides 27 which are racked three spaces to the left, when
the main guides are only racked two spaces that way, and all the other three
rows of filling guides 25, 26, and 28 accompany the main guides. The racking
of tooth 11 (which is a repetition of tooth 3) is exactly the same as formerly,
and so is the racking of tooth 12 (which is a repetition of tooth 4). On
racking tooth 13 (which is a repetition of tooth 5) it is the filling guides 25
which are racked two spaces to the right, whilst the main guides are not
14
в
The
racked at all. On racking tooth 6 (which is a repetition of tooth 14) it is
the filling guides 25 and 26 which are racked both together one space to the
left, when the main guides are not racked at all. The racking of tooth 15
(which is a repetition of tooth 7) is precisely the same as formerly, and so is
the racking of tooth 16, which is a repetition of tooth 8. The large ratchet
wheel having now gone once round, and two rows of complete meshes of net
having been worked, all the parts without exception will have regained the
position which they had at the commencement of the description.
meshes which the front points have taken up will be of an enlarged size at
all those places in the width of the net whero the main guides F for the
warp threads have been cut out of their respective rows, and filling guides
25, 26, 27, and. 28 have been applied according to my improvements to fill
up the vacancies. The operation of the Lever's machine, as above described,
will interweave the taping threads, which are supplied (according to the mode
usually practised) by the guides m and n, into the plain part of the net, where
its meshes are of the usual size, so as to produce stripes of ordinary taping
by the side of the stripes of the open work; but such tapings forms no part
of my Invention; and taping threads may also (or may be otherwise) introduced
into the midst of the open work to pass through and fill up the small meshes,
as herein-before explained, such threads being supplied by taping guides p,
fixed to the front bar K, so as to stand opposite to the intervals between the
enlarged meshes of open work into which such taping threads are intended to
be interwoven; such interweaving is part of my Invention; and the racking
movements herein-before described will cause those taping threads to be
properly inserted into the small meshes of the open work, but no back. taping
guides n will be required to be applied opposite to the open work.
My improvements may be carried into effect by operating upon the warp
threads which belong to the open work (in a suitable manner for transposing
those pairs of such threads which are from time to time intended to include the
enlarged meshes between them), without the four rows of filling guides, herein-
before described, by substituting the apparatus which is represented in Sheets

page_text: 25
20
which
A
VI., VII., and VIII. as applied to a Lever's machine. The leads of the main
guides are screwed in a row to the main guide bar, as usual, and instead of
cutting out the guides from that row, as herein-before directed, at all places
where stripes of honeycomb open work are intended to be made in the net,
every alternate guide at those places is to be bended a little forwards before
the general row, and the intermediate guides are to be bended backwards a
little behind that general row, in order that the said bended guides may hold
the warp threads belonging to the open work in two tiers or divisions F and G,
Sheet VI., whereof the front tier F consists of all those warp threads which in
the former mode would be threaded through the eyes of the two rows of filling
guides 26 and 27; and the back tier G consists of all those warp threads
which would be threaded through the eyes of the other two rows of filling
guides 5 and 28. The said threads which are thus divided into two tiers,
can be bended aside from their own proper places in the general row of
warp threads, by occasionally inserting stump guides or prongs without eyes
between the said warp threads a little above the eyes of their own guides F,
and by racking those stump guides either to the right or to the left, they will
bend the threads between they are inserted, so as to rack or carry them
sideways from one space to the next, and thereby produce the same effect as
would be produced by racking the guides in which such warp threads are
threaded; wherefore, although all the guides for the complete row of warp
threads are fixed upon one main guide bar, and must therefore be all racked
alike, nevertheless, particular and previously selected threads in that row
can be racked differently from other threads in that row which obey the
racking motions of the guide bar. The warp threads being thus divided into
two tiers, the prongs of the said stump guides (which I call benders) can be
inserted between the warp threads of one tier F, so as to be capable of bend-
ing and racking them sideways without entering so far through between the
threads of that tier as to reach the warp threads of the other tire G, which
will not therefore be bended or racked. And by suitable application of such
benders, by inserting them at appropriate periods of the operation of the
machinery between one pair of warp threads, or between both tiers, and then
racking the said benders with suitable racking motions so as to bend one or
both the said tiers sideways to the right, or to the left, as may be required, I
can produce all that effect herein-before explained of transposing adjacent
pairs of warp threads belonging to the open work, each one into the place
belonging to its neighbouring warp thread of the same pair, for the purpose of
causing the warp threads which are so transposed to accompany those bobbin
threads which have previously been forming twists around them, in that

page_text: transposition which the said bobbin threads undergo by traversing, in order
that the said bobbin threads which are so transposed may go on twisting
around the same warp threals (which, by virtue of my improvements have
also been transposed,) and thereby prolonged the said twists as much as is
requisite for forming meshes of an enlarged size at particular places in the net
which is making. Instead of bending the ordinary main guides of Lever's
machinery to arrange the warp threads in two tiers as aforesaid, it is better to
have guides of two sorts, interspaced one between the other, in the same leads,
one sort (shewn separately at Figure F, Sheet VI.,) which is for the front tier
having the eyes advanced more forwards than the other sort, Figure G, which
is for the back tier, having the eyes farther back. The benders 30, shewn
separately at Figure 30, are short prongs soldered into a stem of brass, in the
manner of extra guides; the extremities of the prongs being turned nearly
into a horizontal direction when the brass stem is inclined conformably with
the inclination of the comb bars, as shewn in the section, Sheet VI. Each
intended stripe of open work will require the benders 30 for it to have half
as many prongs as the number of enlarged meshes which are to be made side
by side across the width of the stripe, and the thickness of the prongs 30 must
be sufficient to exactly fill up the space between two adjacent warp threads, in
order that when the prongs are inserted between two such threads, each one
may be retained at its exact place in the general row of warp threads, to suit
the gcats of the combs. The brass stems of the benders 30 are screwed to a
bar 31, situated beneath the under edge of the front comb bar, in place of the
front taping guide bar K, in Sheet V.; but the bender bar 31 is mounted
upon the fixed-centre pins 32, supported at the under side of the fixed tye bar
(see Sheets VII. and VIII.) having curved arms 33 affixed to it, to reach
down to those centre pins upon which the lower ends of the arms 3+ are
jointed, much in the same manner as pusher bars are mounted upon the
centres of motion by which they are connected to their landing bars. The
bender bar 31 and its benders 30 being moveable about the fixed centre pins
82, their prongs 30 can be inserted between both tiers F, G, of the warp
threads, as shewn in the section, Sheet VI., or can be withdrawn so much as
to quit the threads of the back tier G, still remaining inserted between the
threads of the front tier G, or the prongs 30 can be withdrawn altogether from
between both tiers of the threads F, G. The bar 31 of the benders can also
be racked endways, which being done whilst its benders are withdrawn from
between the warp and threads, they will, when inserted, enter between
different pairs of adjacent warp threads to those between which they were
inserted at the former time, or the benders being racked whilst the prongs are
P
33

page_text: inserted between the front tier F of warp threads, will bend and rack those
threads without interfering with any others, or the benders 30 being racked
when they are inserted between both tiers F and G, will bend and rack the
threads of both tiers. The requisite motions are given to the benders for these
purposes by two large racking wheels 34 and 35, fixed on the upright axis 9
before mentioned, in place of the four racking wheels for the filling guide bars
represented in Sheet V., and the manner of racking those wheels by a chopper
and sixteen-toothed ratchet wheel 10 has been explained, see Sheets VII.
and VIII. The steps around the racking wheel 85 causes the benders to
penetrate between the warp threads, that action being transmitted by a
racking lever 36, which is poised on an upright centre pin, fixed in a bracket
which projects out from the wood frame. One end of the lever 36 applies
with a tooth to the circumference of racking wheel 35, and the other applies
to the lower end of a prolongation 37 of one of the carved arms 33 of the
bender bar 31, which prolongation descends downwards therefrom below the
centre pins 32; and elastic springs 38 are applied to react against the racking
wheel and urge the benders always backwards towards the thread, so as to
penetrate between them whenever a depression or notch of the racking wheel
35 comes round to the tooth at the end of the lever 36. The other racking
wheel 34 gives the requisite racking motions to rack the bender bar 31
endways in the direction of its length, those motions being transmitted by
a sliding bolt 39, with a gage screw to act against the flat end of the
bar 31, and an elastic spring 40 is applied to pull the bar 31 and react
against its racking wheel 34. And in order to explain the succession
of motions by which the benders produce the same effect in transposing the
warp threads, as before described respecting the four filling guide bars in
Sheet VI., it is not necessary to repeat the whole description of the operation;
the forms of the steps for the racking wheels 34 and 35 being represented in
Sheet VI. will convey almost all the requisite information. At the period
chosen for the commencement of the former description, which was just before
taking up with the back points, and dividing the carriages, the racking wheels
having just racked tooth 16, the prongs of the benders 30 stand inserted
between both tiers of warp threads F and G, as shewn in Sheet VI., being in
the gents or spaces between every other alternate pair of warp threads belong-
ing to each stripe of open work, beginning with the first of those pairs at the
left-handmost edge of each stripe, and the benders holding the two threads of
each of those pairs transposed into the place belonging to its fellow thread, and
those pairs are about to have enlarged meshes formed between them, that is to
say, that warp thread of the front tier, which really is the left-handmost thread

page_text: spring
of each such pair when it is in its proper place in the warp row, stands bended
into the adjacent space on its right hand, and vice versa; that warp thread of
the back tier, which really is the right-handmost thread of each pair, stands
bended into the adjacent space on its left hand. This being understood to be
their situation at the commencement, the successive actions of the benders are
as follows: When tooth 1 is racked the benders 30 are racked by their racking
wheel 34, coincidently with the main guide bar two single-tier spaces to the
right, and are at the same time drawn forwards by their other wheel 35, so as
to quit the back tier G of threads; whereupon those which were bended aside
to the left (as before stated), by their own tension to the right into their own
proper places, as right-handmost threads of each pair, still leaving their fellow
threads of the same pairs bended to the right, wherefore the two threads of
each such pair come together into the same geat. When tooth 2 is racked the
benders are withdrawn from the front tier of threads F, and then the last-men-
tioned threads (which remained bended) spring to the left into their proper place,
so that all the warp threals become straight and regular in the main guides,
just as usual in Lever's machines. The operation continues without any action
of my improvements, whilst tooth 3 and tooth 4 are racked, except that imme-
diately after tooth 4 is racked the benders are put back and inserted between
the front tier of warp threads, but without bending or acting thereon, being
only in preparation. But note.-They are not now between the same pairs of
threads that they were between last time, but are between the next adjacent
pairs. And when tooth 5 is racked the main guides stand still, but the benders
are racked two spaces to the right and bend their front tier warp threads
which are on their right two spaces to the right, away from their own proper
places, so as to put them in the same geat with the next threads of the front
tier; and after thus bending the threads the benders are immediately put
back and inserted amongst the threads of the back tier. And when tooth 6 is
racked the main guides stand still again, but the benders rack 1 to the left,
whereby they bend the threads of the back tier one space to the left, and allow
those fellow threads of the front tier which they bended two spaces last time
to return one of the two spaces, whereby a complete transposition of cach pair
of the said bended threads is effected; that thread of each pair which belongs
to the left-hand geat of the pair is now held at the right-hand geat thereof,
and vice versa; and the benders continue to hold the said threads so trans-
posed whilst tooth 7 and tooth 8 are racked, and the benders are racked at
both those times with exactly the same motions as the main guides. The parts
have now regained the position which they had at the commencement, except
that the pairs of front and back ties threads which the benders now hold

page_text: corresponding
transposed, are not the same pairs which they held transposed at the com-
mencement, but are the next adjacent pairs thereto, reckoning from left to
right. The continuance of the operation whilst teeth 9 to 16 are racked is an
exact repetition of the preceding, excepting that when tooth 11 is racked the
benders are racked three spaces to the left, instead of only one space as they
did at the eommeueing rack of tooth 3; but as the benders are at both these
times wholly withdrawn from the threads, that difference in the repetition has
no effect on the threads, but it occasions the benders when they are reinserted
between the threads (which is done after racking tooth 12) to enter between
the next adjacent pairs of front and back tier threads to those pairs which
they held transposed when tooth 8 now racked, and the pairs between which
they are there reinserted are the same identical threads between which they
stood inserted at the commencement of the description; wherefeso after tooth
16 is racked, all the parts, without exception, will stand in the same position as
they did at the commencement. In case that taping threads are to be intro-
duced into the midst of the open work through the small meshes thereof, as
berein-before described, the taping guides P for that purpose are to be fixed
on the taping guide bar K, Sheet VI., which is applied upon the top edge of
the fixed tye bar, but those taping guides must be constructed so that they will
not be interfere with by the action of the benders 80, although those benders'
must pass between the said taping threads. For this purpose all the said
taping threads which are to be worked into the same stripe of open work must
be all threaded through one taping guide, to which has several eyes side by
side, as shewn by the separate Figure p, the stem of that guide being quite
at one end of it, so that the upper part of the same guide where the eyes aro
formed will reach out horezontally over the prongs of the benders, so that the
same can be inserted amongst the warp threads, or be withdrawn therefrom
without any interference therewith; wherefore, although the prongs of the
benders 30 may bend the said taping threads aside at the same time that
they bend the warp threads, nevertheless such bending being below the eyes'
of the taping guides p, will not have any effect upon the racking motions
of the taping threads, but the same will obey the racking motions of tho
taping guide bar K; which racking motions are to be the same as those of
the front taping bar K, already described respecting Sheet V., by a racking
wheel which is delineated in Sheet VI. And in case stripes of tapings of
the ordinary kind are intended to be introduced into the plain part of the
net by the side of the stripes of open work, the taping threads for that purpose
must be introduced in the usual manner of taping by guides fixed. to the
same bar K, opposite to the intended places in the net,. as before explained;

page_text: net.
V.
and the other intermediate taping threads to fill up and complete such-
stripes of tapings must be introduced by the like guides affixed to another bar
L, situated in front of the fixed tye bar, and which taping bar L will be racked
in the manner of the back taping bar L, already described respecting Sheet VI.
The racking wheel for that purpose is delineated in Sheet VI. And when
honeycomb open work is to be made according to my improvements, without
introducing any. taping threads into the same for filling up and closing the.
small meshes thereof, at the same time extending and keeping open the large
meshes thereof, the regular action of the taking-up points will tend to equalize
the size of the enlarged meshes to the size of the ordinary meshes of the plain
Wherefore, in order to counteract that tendency and give full effect to
the enlarged meshes, the same may be opened out after the net has been
taken up by the front points, and the meshes, completely formed by forcebly
inserting thick and strong points into each of the enlarged meshes, so as to
render the same still larger, and thereby squeeze up the sides of the smaller
adjacent meshes. For this purpose a row of thick points may be applied a
little above the ordinary row of front points, so as to enter into the net at about
two or three rows of holes above the front points, and the said thick points
must be withdrawn after they have been forced in and performed their office
of enlarging the meshes, in order to permit the net to be drawn upwards by
the turning of the lace roller and the taking-up action of the points, which
being done, the thick points are to be forced in again into a succeeding row of
meshes, being previously racked as much as is necessary to enter into the
same. The apparatus for this purpose is represented in Sheets VI., VII., and
VIII., but it is equally applicable to other kinds of machinary which is worked
according to my improvements. 41 are the enlarging points, they may be cast
and leads or soldered into stems of brass, see Figure 41, such points fixed by
screws to the enlarging point bar 42, opposite to every place in the width of
the net where honeycomb open work is to be made without taping threads.
The bar 42 is situated over the front point bar, so as to keep quite clear
thereof when it is brought forward in order to withdraw its enlarging points
from the net. The bar 42 is suspended by upright arms 44 from a horizontal
axis or spindle bar 48; the arms 44 being firmly fixed to both to unite them
like one frame. The axis 43 is supported upon axles at each end of it in
bearing sockets 54, which project out. from the fixed top bar of the framing of
the machine, and also with a middle bearing for the axis. The. bar 42 is
moveable about the axis 43, in order to insert or withdraw the enlarging
points 41 from the lace; and the axis is capable of shogging endways on its
pivots.in order to rack the bar 42. The ordinary centre bar or lace bar must
into
L

page_text: lever
be raised a little to admit the extremities of the enlarging points to pass close
beneath the edge of the centre bar when they penetrate through the net; and
another lace bar may be fixed in front of the ordinary lace bar, leaving a
narrow crevice between the two for the lace to pass through, and to prevent it
from yielding either way to the action of the enlarging points, which must
apply close under both of those lace bars. To force the enlarging points
into the net, a long levers arm 45 is fixed to the spindle bar 49, near the
middle of its length, and curves backwards to reach over the spindle bars, for
the point bars, and the lower end of the lever arm 45, applies to the indented
circumference of a wheel 46, which is mounted on a short axis, supported in
bearings affixed to the back standard of the framing, and a ratchet wheel 48,
of eight teeth, which is fixed on the same axis, is turned round a tooth at a
time by a clawker 47, which is jointed to a short arm projecting out from
behind the axis of the back levers of the drawing tackle, so as turn the
wheel 48 one tooth every time that the handles and landing bars are raised or.
extended. Wherefore the wheels 46 will be turned once round in the time
whilst a row of complete meshes of net are worked, and the circumference of
the wheel 46 is indented, so as to alternately raise and lower the end of the
lower arm 45, and thereby urge the bar 42, with its enlarging points, to pene-
trate into and withdraw from the net. There must be two depressions at
opposite parts of that circumference which will cause the enlarging points 41
to be wholly withdrawn from the net at the time of taking up with either front
or back points bars, at which time the net is to move upwards by the winding
up of the lace roller, and immediately after that, when the ratchet wheel 48
is turned, a prominence of the wheel will come into action against the lever
arm 45, so as to force the enlarging points 41 into the enlarged moshes of the
net; and having done so, the next portion of the circumference of the. wheel
46 may allow the enlarging points to withdraw a little from the meshes into
which it has penetrated, and then afterwards to force them still further into
the net than at first, so as to more effectually enlarge the meshes into which
the points do penetrate, and the consequent squeezing up the surrounding
small meshes, and that partial withdrawing and forcing in further may be
repeated again before the time for completely withdrawing. The enlarging
points should penetrate the net so near above place where the back front points
penetrate the same, that they cannot miss the enlarged meshes when the ordi-
nary racking wheels have gone quite round, and a row of complete meshes of
net have been worked; the next succeeding row of enlarged meshes, into
which the enlarging points are to be forced, will be in intermediate spaces

page_text: 52
between the enlarged meshes of the preceding row, and therefore the enlarging
points must be racked endways in their row, two single-tier spaces. For this
purpose a racking wheel 49 may be fixed on the upper end of the axis 9, and
by an upright lever 50, which is poised on a centre pin projecting out from
the main top standard and a connecting link 51, the requisite racking motion
may be transmitted to the axis 48, which is capable of sliding endways in
its bearings as far as the gage screw at the ends of its pivots will permit; and
5 is a spring to react against the racking wheel. And note.-When this
enlarging apparatus is applied to rotary machinery, the requisite motions, as
aforesaid, may be given to the enlarging point bar 42 by suitable shapes fixed
to the ordinary taking-up camms which actuate the taking-up point bars, but
the winding-up motion of the lace roller should not be perpetual as is usual in
rotary machines, but will be best derived from the taking-up action of the
point bars.
And note. The said enlarging apparatus may be applied to give
effect to the stripes of honeycomb open work which are macking according to
my improvements in some parts of the width of the net without taping
threads, when the stripes of other parts of the same net have taping threads
introduced, and therefore do not absolutely require the enlarging points on the
bar 42. And note.-The whole width of the net which is made by aid of my
improvements, may, if desired, consist of honeycomb open work, without any
intermixture of ordinary bobbin net; in such case all the warp threads must
be threaded through the eyes of the filling guides, in the manner herein-before
described, and none through the main guides, which, with their guide bar or
bars, may be altogether removed.
enlarged
open
A
Having now described my said improvements, I, the said William Crofts,
do hereby declare that the new Invention, whereof the exclusive use is granted
to me by the said Letters Patent, consists in applying to bobbin net machinery
which operates by traversing the carriages, the means herein-before described
for enabling such machinery to make figured or ornamented net, containing
(or being composed of) in large meshes of honeycomb work, as herein-
before described, the essential character or property of my said means being to
operate upon the warp threads belonging to the said open work, so as to
transpose the adjacent pairs of such warp threads, in manner herein-before
described, each one into the space belonging to its neighbouring thread of the
same pair, at those times when the bobbin threads are similarly transposed by
their traversing action, in order that each bobbin thread after traversing may
continue for a time to twist around the same warp thread that it twisted round
before traversing, and so obtained prolonged twists for forming the pillars of
obtain

page_text: enlarged meshes, which has not been hitherto accomplished in machinery
which operates by traversing the carriages; and I make no claim to any like
application to machinery which operates by traversing the warp.
And I claim as part of my Invention the combination of ordinary taping
apparatus with my said improvements, for the purpose of introducing taping
threads into the small meshes of such honeycomb open work as, by aid of my
improvements, is in progress of making by bobbin net machinery which
traverses the carriages, in order, by such introduction of taping thread, to fill:
up and close the small meshes and extend the enlarged meshes. I make no
claim to any combination of taping apparatus, when such taping apparatus
is used for the purpose of introducing taping threads into any other part of
the net than that which is honeycomb open work.
making.
And I claim as part of my Invention the application of enlarging points, as
herein-before described, for distending the enlarged meshes of honeycomb open
work, which is working with the aid of my improvements by machinery which
traverses the carriages, whether such honeycomb open work as taping-threads
introduced into its small meshes or not.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Crofts, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twentieth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and thirty-five.
WILLIAM (L.s.) CROFTS.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twentieth day of May, in the
fifth year of the reign of His Majesty King William the Fourth, the said
William Crofts came before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and
acknowledged the instrument aforesaid, and all and every thing therein
contained and specified, in form above written. And also the instrument
aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made in the
fifty-fifth year of the reign of His late Majesty King George the Third.
Inrolled the Twentieth day of May, One thousand eight hundred and

page_text: Ex parte JAMES FISHER, of Watling Street, in the
City of London, Lace Manufacturer.
(The references in Italics between brackets [ ] denote the pages in the Printed
Specification.)
UPON the humble petition of the above-named JAMES FISHER, this day
preferred unto the Right Honorable the Master of the Rolls, it was alleged
that His Majesty, by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the
Twentieth day of November 1834, after reciting that William Crofts, of
Radford, in the County of Nottingham, Frame Smith, had, by his petition,
humbly represented that he had invented "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN
MACHINERY FOR MAKING FIGURED OR ORNAMENTED BOBBIN NET, OR WHAT IS
COMMONLY CALLED ORNAMENTED BOBBIN NET LACE," did, for Himself, His heirs
and successors, give and grant unto the said William Crofts, his executors,
administrators, and assigns, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege,
and authority, that he, and every of them, by himself or themselves, or by his or
their deputy or deputies, servants or agents, or such others as he, his executors,
administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend his said
Invention within that part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland called England, the Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, in such manner as to him, the said William Crofts, his executors,
administrators, and assigns, or any of them, should in his or their discretion
seem meet, and that he, the said William Crofts, his executors, administrators,
and assigns, should and lawfully might have and enjoy the whole profit, benefit,
commodity, and advantage from time to time coming, growing, accruing, and
arising by reason of the said Invention, for and during the term of years
therein expressed, to have, hold, exercise, and enjoy the said license, powers,

page_text: privileges, and advantages therein-before granted. or mentioned to be granted
to the said William Crofts, his executors, administrators, and assigns, for and
during and unto the full end and term of fourteen years from the date thereof,
next and immediately ensuing, and fully to be complete and ended, according
to the Statute in such case made and provided; and in the said Letters Patent
was contained a proviso, that if the said William. Crofts should not particularly
describe and ascertain the. nature of the said Invention; and in what manner
the same was to be performed, by an instrument in writing under his hand
and seal, and cause the same to be enrolled in His said Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next after the date of the
said Letters Patent, that the said Letters Patent, and all liberties and
advantages whatsoever thereby granted, should utterly cease, determine, and
become void: That previously to the application for the granting of the
said Letters Patent to the said William Crofts, the petitioner entered into
an agreement with the said William Crofts, under and by virtue of which
the petitioner became and now is entitled to a beneficial interest in the
said Invention, and in the said Letters Patent relating thereto, the petitioner.
thereby agreeing and undertaking to pay the whole expense of the application
for and obtaining of the said Letters Patent: That in pursuance of the
proviso in the said recited Letters Patent in that behalf contained, the
petitioner gave directions to his agent to prepare a proper Specification of
the said Invention, and of the manner in which the same was to be performed;.
in order that the same might be enrolled in this Court according to the terms
of the said proviso: That in consequence of such directions from the petitioner,
Mr. John Farey, now of Guildford Street, Russell Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer, was directed by him to communicate fully with the
said William Crofts, and to prepare such Specification, and for that purpose
the said Mr. John Farey went to Nottingham aforesaid, where the said
Invention was intended to be carried into operation, and was engaged for
several days in examining the said Invention and preparing the Specification
relating thereto: That the species of machinery to which the said Invention
is applicable is of an extremely intricate and complicated nature, and that it
requires very great experience in mechanics and in the use of such machines;
and the utmost possible accuracy, thoroughly to understand and describe the
said Invention: That the said Mr. John Farey having at length completed
the Specification of the said Invention, the same was signed, sealed, and
acknowledged by the said William Crofts, and duly enrolled in this Honorable:
Court within the period allowed for that purpose by the said Letters Patent :
That from the great confidence which the petitioner placed in the care and

page_text: abilities of the said Mr. Farey, he, the petitioner, entrusted entirely to the
said Mr. Farey for the correctness of the said Specification; but the petitioner
hath been informed and believes that the said Mr. Farey suffered the said
Specification to be enrolled without the same having been accurately revised,
and the references therein to the Drawings of the said machinery which
accompanied the same collated with the numbers and figures to which the
same respectively referred in the said Drawings, by any person competent to
revise and collate the same: That although, as the petitioner has been
informed, the said William Crofts read over some part of the said Specification
before the same was acknowledged by him, yet that from the minuteness of
many of the errors therein and herein-after mentioned, and from the circum-
stance of the said William Crofts being unaccustomed to the perusal of
writings of that description, and of comparing the same with Drawings, the
said errors wholly escaped the notice of the said William Crofts: That the
petitioner, having lately had occasion to refer to the engrossment of the said
Specification, discovered that there are several errors therein, consisting
chiefly of erroneous references being therein made to the several Drawings
which accompany the same and form a part thereof, and that the said
Drawings are themselves, in all cases in which such erroneous references
have been made to them, in every respect correctly and accurately delineated:
That the petitioner on discovering the said errors in the engrossment of the
said Specification, immediately caused application to be made at the Rolls
Chapel of this Honorable Court, when it was ascertained that the entry
thereof in the original Roll was and is also erroneous and incorrect in the
several places therein corresponding with those in which an error or inaccuracy
occurs in the said engrossment: That the first of such erroneous references
occurs in the fifty-second, sixty-first, and sixty-second lines from the top of
the tenth skin of parchment on the said original Roll, [page 9, lines 17, 26,
and 28], and likewise at the two last lines of that skin, and at the commence-
ment of the eleventh [page 9, lines 35 and 37], (and which are contained in the
11th and 12th folios of the office copy of the said Specification), in all which
five places. the references 25 or 25 and 26 occur as referring to similar
figures on the. 1st, 2nd, and 3d Sheets of the Drawings accompanying the
said Specification, whereas the said references 25 and 25 and 26 are erroneous
and superfluous in all those 5 places, and the same should and ought to
be expunged; but at the conclusion of the 10th skin in the 3d line from
the bottom, [page 9, line 34], the words "then the filling guides" should be
"then SOME OF the filling guides:" That another of such erroneous references
occurs in the 51st line from the top of the 11th skin of the entry on the said

page_text: Roll (and which is contained in the fourteenth folio of the office copy of said
Specification), [page 11, line 16], wherein the letters of reference m, m, and p
are written as descriptive of taping guides purporting to be delineated on
Sheet 1 of the Drawings accompanying the said Specification, and being
marked with similar letters of reference, whereas the said letters of reference
in the said Specification should have been written "m, n, and p," as is evident
by referring to the said Sheet I. of the said Drawings: That two others of
such erroneous references occur in the 43d and 44th lines from the top of tho
18th skin of the said entry (and which are contained in the 19th folio of the
said office copy), [page 15, line 17], in the former of which places the figures
of reference 26 are erroneously written as referring to similar figures in the
said 1st, 2d, and 3d Sheets of the said Drawings, whereas the said figures
ought to have been written 25, and in the latter of such places the figures
of reference 27 have been erroneously written instead of 26, which should and
ought to be inserted in lieu thereof: That others of such erroneous references
occur in the 14th to the 17th lines inclusive, from the top of the 17th skin
of the said Roll (contained in the 30th folio of the said office copy), [page
22, lines 31, 32, 33, and 85], wherein the reference 25 to the 5th Sheet of
the said Drawings TWICE OCCURS, and which should have been written 26 at
BOTH of such places; wherein also the reference "1" TWICE OCCURS, and
which should have been written "2" AT BOTH of such places, and wherein the
word "FRONT" should be expunged; likewise that in the nineteenth and
twentieth lines from the top of the said skin (and in the said 30th folio of the
said office copy), [page 22, lines 37 and 38, and page 23, line 1], the reference
26 should and ought to be 25, the reference 2 should and and ought to
be 1 AT BOTH PLACES where it so occurs, the reference 25 should and ought
to be 26, and the word "BACK" should be expunged, and in the twenty-
second or twenty-third line of the said skin, [page 23, line 4], 26 should be
25: That another of such erroneous references occurs in the forty-first line
from the top of the eighteenth skin of the said Roll (and contained in the
34th folio of the said office copy), [page 25, line 38], wherein the reference
25 to the said 5th Sheet of the said Drawings occurs, and which should and
ought to have been written 26: That others of such erroneous references occur
in the 2d and 3d lines from the top of the nineteenth skin of the said Roll
(and which are contained in the thirty-sixth folio of the said office copy), [page
26, lines 30 and 31] wherein the reference 27 to the said fifth Sheet of the
said Drawings has been erroneously inserted instead of 25, and also wherein
the reference 25 has been erroneously inserted instead of 27; likewise also

page_text: that in the twelfth and thirteenth lines from the top of the said nineteenth
skin of the said Roll (contained in the said 36 folio of the said office copy),
[page 27, line 3], wherein the references 27 and 28 to the said 5th Sheet
occur, and which should and ought to have been written 25 and 26, and wherein
also the references 25 and 26 have been erroneously inserted instead of 27
and 28, respectively: That others of such erroneous references occur in tho
18th and 20th lines from the top of the 20th skin of the said Roll (and which
are contained in the 39th folio of the said office copy), [page 29, lines 11 and
18], in the former of which lines the reference 26 has been erroneously inserted
instead of the reference 25 to the 6th, 7th, and 8th Sheets of the said Drawings,
and in the latter of which lines the reference 25 has been erroneously inserted
instead of the reference 26: That another of such erroneous references occurs
in the 67th line from the top of the 20th skin of the said entry (and which is
contained in the 41st folio of the said office copy), [page 30, line 27], wherein
the figures of reference 31 are erroneously inserted as referring to similar
figures describing the lower ends of the arms on the fixed tye bar delineated
in Sheets VII. and VIII. of the said Drawings, whereas the said figures of
reference should and ought to have been written 33 in the said Specification:
That another of such erroneous references occurs in the 3rd line from the
top of the 21st skin of the said entry (and which is contained in the said
41st folio of the said office copy), [page 30, line 84], wherein the letter of
reference G is erroneously written as referring to a corresponding letter in the
VI. Sheet of the said Drawings, as descriptive of the front tier of the prongs
30, whereas by a reference to the said VI. Sheet it is apparent that the said
letter of reference in the said Specification should and ought to be written F:
That another of such erroneous references occurs in the 44th line from the
top of the 22d skin of the said entry (and which is contained in the 46th folio
of the said office copy), [page 34, line 4], wherein a reference to Sheet VI.
has been erroneously inserted instead of a reference to Sheet V. of the said
Drawings That another of such erroneous references occurs in the 11th line
from the top of the 23d skin of the said entry (and which is contained in the
47th folio of the said office copy), [page 35, line 7], wherein the figures of
reference 42 are erroneously written as referring to a corresponding number
in the said VI., VII., and VIII. Sheets of the said Drawings, as descriptive of
a spindle bar, whereas the said figures of reference ought to have been written
43 in the said Specification: That the last of such erroneous references occurs
in the 44th line from the top of the 23d skin of the said entry (and is con-
tained in the 49th folio of the said office copy), [page 86, line 8], wherein the

page_text: figures of reference 51 are erroneously written instead of 52, which should
have been written in lieu thereof: That, in addition to the said herein-before
mentioned erroneous references to the Drawings accompanying the said Speci-
fication, the petitioner has also discovered several verbal inaccuracies, or
mistakes of a merely clerical description, in the said Specification: That the
first of such verbal inaccuracies occurs in the last line of the seventh skin of
the said entry (and contained in the 3d folio of the said office copy), [page 3,
line 27], wherein the word "longituding "has been inaccurately written instead
of the word "longitudinal," which should have been written therein: That
another of such mistakes occurs in the 53d line of the 9th skin of the said
entry (and which is contained in the 8th folio of the said office copy), [page 7,
line 14], wherein the word "those" has been inadvertently omitted between
the words "from" and "which:" That another of such verbal inaccuracies
occurs in the last word of the seventh line from the top of the thirteenth skin
of the said original Roll (and which is also contained in the 18th folio of the
said office copy), [page 14; line 11], wherein the word "outermost " occurs;
and which should and ought to have been written "innermost ;" and that
another of such verbal inaccuracies occurs in the 32d line from the top of
the said thirteenth skin (and which is contained in the 19th folio of the said
office copy), [page 15, line 4], wherein the word "left" occurs, and which has
been therein erroneously inserted instead of the word "RIGHT:" That another
of such mistakes occurs in the 68th line in the 14th skin of the said entry (and
which is contained in the 23d folio of the said office copy), [page 18, line 10],
wherein the word "SHOULD" has been inadvertently omitted between the word
"guide" (which ought to have been written "guideS") and the word "reach,"
and which ought to be inserted therein: That two others of such verbal
inaccuracies occur in the 41st line of the 15th skin of the said original Roll
(and which are contained in the 25th folio of the said office copy), [page 19;
line 20], wherein the word "bobbin " has been inadvertently used instead of
the word "WARP," and the word "one" has been written instead of "ONCE;"
another of such mistakes has occurred in the 17th line from the top of the
16th skin of the said entry (and contained in the 27th folio of the said office
copy), [page 20, line 31], where the word "level" has been erroneously
written instead of the word "BEVIL," which ought to have been written in lieu
thereof: That another error of a similar description occurs in the 39th line
of the 17th skin of the said Roll (and the 31st folio of the said office copy);
[page 23, line 22], wherein the word "found" has been inaccurately written
instead of the word "FORMED:" That others of such verbal inaccuracies occur

page_text: in the 56th and 57th lines from the top of the 17th skin of the said Roll (and
contained in the 32d folio of the said office copy), [page 24, lines 5 and 6],
wherein the words "one space" have been erroneously written instead of
"TWO SPACES," wherein the word "three" has been written instead of "FOUR,"
and wherein the word "one" ought to have been written "Two;" likewise that
in the 61st line from the top of the said 17th skin (and contained in the said
32d folio of the said office copy), [page 24, line. 11], the word "two" has
been erroneously written instead of the word "THREE," and also in the 63d
and 64th lines from the top of the said skin (and contained in the same folio
of the said office copy), [page 24, lines 13 and 14], wherein the word "one"
occurs in two places, and which should and ought IN BOTH instances to have
been written "Two:" That another verbal inaccuracy occurs in the 52d line
of the 19th skin of the said entry (and contained in the 38th folio of the
said office copy), [page 28, line 9], wherein the figures 6 and 14 have been
inadvertently TRANSPOSED: That in the 24th line of the 20th skin of the
said entry there occurs another of such mistakes (and which is contained in
the 39th folio of the said office copy), [page 29, line 18], wherein the word
"which" has been omitted to be inserted between the words "between?
and "they" in that sentence, as it ought correctly to have been: That two
other errors of a similar description occur in the 50th line or 51st line of the
21st skin of the said Roll (and in the 48 folio of the said office copy), [page
32, line 10], wherein the word "SPRING "has been erroneously omitted between
the words "stated" and "by" in that sentence: That another inaccuracy
occurs in the 11th line of the 22d skin of the said entry on the Roll (and
contained in the 45th folio of the said office copy). [page 33, line 6], wherein
the word "commencing "has been inadvertently written instead of the word
CORRESPONDING," as it ought to have been written: That in the 68d line of the
22d skin of the said Roll (and in the 47th folio of the said office copy of the
said Specification), [page 34, line 27], the word "and" has been erroneously
inserted instead of the word "INTO," which ought to have been written in lieu
thereof: And that in the 20th line of the 23d skin (and the 48th folio of the said
office copy), [page 35, line 19], the word "lower" arm has been incorrectly
engrossed instead of the word "LEVER" arm, which ought therein to have been
written: That in the 63d line of the 23d skin of the said Roll (and which is con-
tained in the 50th folio of the said office copy of the said Specification), [page 36,
line 80], the words "in large" have through some inaccuracy been written
instead of the word "ENLARGED," and the word "OPEN" has been also omitted
between the words "honeycomb" and "work," and ought to be inserted therein:
46

page_text: That in the last line in the 23d skin of the said Roll (and which is contained
in the said 50th folio of the said office copy), [page 36, line 38], the word
"obtained" has been incorrectly inserted instead of the word "OBTAIN :" And
that the last of such verbal inaccuracies occurs in the 12th line of the 24th
skin of the said Roll (and contained in the 51st folio of the said office copy),
[page 37, line 15], wherein the word "making" has been inadvertently
changed into the word "working," which ought to be altered into the word
"MAKING" in the said Roll: That no Scire facias has been issued or
applied for for the repeal of the said recited Letters Patent, nor is any
suit or action depending touching the said right: That the petitioner is
advised that, under the circumstances aforesaid, he is entitled to have the
said original Roll amended, the petitioner submitting that the said errors
are merely clerical, and not in any way calculated or intended to deceive
or mislead any person perusing the said Specification having a competent
knowledge of the nature of the machinery to which the said Invention is
applicable: It was therefore prayed, and upon reading the said Letters
Patent and the affidavit of the petitioner, and two several affidavits of the said
John Farey, filed this day,-It is accordingly ordered, that the Clerk of the
Records in the Rolls Chapel do amend the enrollment of the said Specifi-
cation in the several particulars herein-before mentioned. And it is ordered,
that a copy of this Order be endorsed on the back of the Roll on which the
said Specification is enrolled.

page_text: CALLED ORNAMENTED BOBBIN NET LACE," bearing date at Westminster,
the Twentieth day of November, One thousand eight hundred and
thirty-four.
(The references in Italics between brackets [ ] denote the pages in the Printed
Specification.)
MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION entered pursuant to an Act passed in
the fifth and sixth years of His present most Gracious most Gracious
Majesty's reign, entitled "An Act to amend the Law touching Letters
Patent for Inventions," with the Clerk of the Patents for England, by
James Fisher, of Watling Street, in the City of London, Lace Manu-
facturer, beneficially interested in the said Patent by virtue of an agree-
ment made between him and the said William Crofts, bearing date the
Twenty-seventh day of January, One thousand eight hundred and thirty-
two.
I, the said JAMES FISHER, do hereby declare that since I have become
beneficially interested in the said Patent, and the enrollment of the Specifi-
cation thereof, I have discovered several errors and inaccuracies in the said
Specification, and that the same consist in the following particulars, that is
to say: In the first skin, thirty-third line of the said Specification, and in
the last line of the seventh skin of the entry upon the Roll, [page 3, line 27],
wherein the word "longituding" has been inaccurately written instead of
the word "longitudinal," which should have been written therein: In the
second skin, forty-first line of the said Specification, and in the fifty-third line
of the ninth skin of the said Roll, [page 7, line 14], wherein the word
"those" has been inadvertently omitted between the words "from" and
"which" in that line: In the third skin and eleventh line (from the bottom)
of the said Specification, and others thereof in the said third skin, seventh
line (from the bottom) of the said third skin, and also in the third and fourth
lines (from the bottom) on said third skin of the said Specification, and in

page_text: the fifty-second, sixty-first, and sixty-second lines from the top of the tenth
skin of the said original Roll, [page 9, lines 17, 26, and 28], and likewise in.
the last two lines but one of that skin, and at the commencement of the
eleventh skin of the said original Roll, [page 9, lines 85 and 37], in all which
last-mentioned lines the references 25 or 25 and 26 occur as referring to
similar figures in the first, second, and third Sheets of the Drawings accom-
panying the said Specification, whereas the said references 25 and 25. and
26 are erroneous and superfluous in those places, and should and ought to
be expunged; and also that in the said third skin, thirty-seventh line of the
said Specification, and in the third line from the bottom of the tenth skin of
the said original Roll, [page 9, line 34], the words "the filling guides" should
have been written "then some of the filling guides:" In the fourth skin, twenty-
first line of the said Specification, and in the fifty-first line from the top of the
eleventh skin of the entry on the said Roll, [page 11, line 16], wherein the.
letters of reference m, m, and p are written as descriptive of taping guides
purporting to be delineated on No. 1 Sheet of the Drawings accompanying
the said Specification, and being marked with similar letters of reference,
whereas the said letters of reference in the said Specification should have been.
written m, n, and p, as is evident by referring to the said Sheet No. 1 of the.
said Drawings: In the fifth skin, twenty-fourth line of the said Specification,
and in the seventh line from the top of the thirteenth skin of the said
original Roll, [page 14, line 11], wherein the word "outermost" occurs, and
which should and ought to have been written "innermost:" In the said.
fifth skin, thirty-sixth line of the said. Specification, and in the thirty-second.
line of the. thirteenth skin of the said original Roll, [page 15, line 4],
wherein the word "left" occurs, and which has been erroneously inserted
instead of the word "right:" In the said fifth skin, last line of the said
Specification, and in the forty-third line from the top of the thirteenth skin of
the said original Roll, [page 15, line 17], wherein the figures of reference
26 are erroneously written as referring to similar figures in the said first,
second, and third Sheets of tho said. Drawings, whereas the said figures
ought to have been written 25; and in the sixth skin, first line thereof of
the said Specification, and in the forty-fourth line from the top of the said
thirteenth skin of the said original Roll, [page 15, line 17], the figures of
reference 27 have been erroneously written instead of 26, which should and
ought to be inserted in lieu thereof: In the seventh skin, seventh line of the
said Specification, and in the sixty-eighth line of the fourteenth skin of the
said original Roll, [page 18, line 10], wherein the word "should" has
been inadvertently omitted between the word "guide," which ought also

page_text: to have been written guides, and the word "reach," and which ought also
to be inserted therein In the said seventh skin, twenty-sixth line of the
said Specification, and in the forty-first line of the fifteenth skin of the said
original Roll, [page 19, line 20], wherein the word "bobbin " has been inad-
vertently used instead of the word "warp," and the word "one" has been
written instead of "once:" In the eighth skin, sixth line of the said Specifi-
cation, and in the seventeenth line from the top of the sixteenth skin of the
said original Roll, [page 20, line 81], where the word "level" has been
erroneously written instead of "bevel," which ought to be written in lieu
thereof: In the said eighth skin, two last lines of the said Specification, and
in. the fourteenth to the seventeenth lines inclusive from the top of the said
original Roll, [page 22, lines 31, 32, and 33], wherein the reference 25 to the
fifth Sheet of the said Drawing occurs, and which should have been written
26, and wherein the word "front" should be expunged, wherein also the refer-
ence "1" twice occurs, and which should have been written "2" at both of
such places In. the ninth skin, first and three following lines of the said
Specification, and in the nineteenth,. twentieth, and twenty-third lines from the
top of the said seventeenth skin. of said Roll, [page 22, lines 35, 37, and 38,
and page 23, line 1], where the figure of reference "26" should be "25,"
the reference "2" should be 1 in both places where it occurs in those lines,
the reference 25 should be 26, and 26 should be 25, and the word back should
be expunged: In the said ninth skin, twelfth line of the said Specification,
aud in the thirty-ninth line of the seventeenth skin of the said Roll, [page 23,
line 22], wherein the word "found" has been erroneously written instead.
of "formed," which ought to be written in lieu thereof: In the said ninth
skin, twenty-first and twenty-second lines of the said Specification, and on the
fifty-sixth and fifty-seventh lines from the top of the 'seventeenth skin of the
said original Roll, [page 24, lines 5 and 6], wherein the words "one space"
have been erroneously written instead of "two spaces," wherein the word
"three" has been written instead of "four," and wherein the word "one"
ought to have been written "two:" In the said ninth skin, twenty-fourth
line of the said Specification, and in the sixty-first line from the top of the
said seventeenth skin of the said Roll, [page 24, line 11], where the word
lias been erroneously written instead of the word "three;" and in the
following line of the said Specification, and in the sixty-third and sixty-
fourth from the top of the said seventeenth skin of the: said Roll, [page 24,
lines 13 and 14], wherein the word "one" occurs in two places, and which
should and ought in both instances to have been written "two:" In the tenth
skin, ninth line of the said Specification, and in the forty-first line from the
"two
"

page_text: top of the eighteenth skin of the said Roll, [page 25, line 33], wherein the
reference 25 to the said fifth Sheet of the said Drawings occurs, and which
should and ought to have been written 26: In the said tenth skin, 26th line
of the said Specification, and in the second and third lines from the top of
the nineteenth skin of the said Roll, [page 26, lines 30 and 31], wherein the
reference 27 to the said fifth Sheet of the said Drawings has been erroneously
inserted instead of 25, and also wherein the reference 25 has been erroneously
inserted instead of 27: In the said tenth skin, thirty-first line of said Speci-
fication, and in the twelfth and thirteenth lines from the top of the nine-
teenth skin of the said original Roll, [page 27, line 8], wherein the references
27 and 28 to the said fifth Sheet of the said Drawings occur, and which
should have been written 25 and 26 respectively, and wherein also the
references 25 and 26 to the said fifth Sheet have been erroneously written
instead of 27 and 28 respectively: In the eleventh skin, twelfth lino of the
said Specification, and in the fifty-second line, nineteenth skin of the said
original Roll, [page 28, line 9], wherein the figures of reference 6 and 14
have been inadvertently transposed: In the said eleventh skin, lines 30 and
31 of the said Specification, and in the eighteenth and twentieth lines from
the top of the twentieth skin of the said Roll, [page 29, lines 11 and 13], in
the former of which lines in the Specification the reference 26 has been inad-
vertently inserted instead of the reference 25 to the sixth, seventh, and eighth
Sheets of the said Drawings, and in the latter of which lines the referenco 25
has been erroneously inserted instead of the reference 26: In the said eleventh
skin, thirty-third line of the said Specification, and in the twenty-fourth line
of the twentieth skin of original Roll, [page 29, line 18], wherein the word
"which" has been omitted to be written between the words "between" and
"they" in that sentence, as it ought to have been: In the twelfth skin,
eighteenth line of the said Specification, and in the sixty-seventh line from
the top of the twentieth skin of the said original Roll, [page 30, line 27],
wherein the figures of reference 31 are erroneously inserted as referring to
similar figures describing the lower ends of the arms in the fixed tye bar'
delineated in Sheets VII. and VIII. of the said Drawings, whereas the said
figures of reference should have been written 33 in the said Specification;
and in the said twelfth skin, twenty-first line of the said Specification, and in
the third line from the top of the twenty-first skin of the said original Roll,
[page 30, line 34], wherein the letter of reference G is erroneously written
as referring to a corresponding letter in the VI. Sheet of the said Drawings,
as descriptive of the front tier of the prongs 30, whereas the said letter of
reference in the said Specification should be written F: In the thirteenth
11

page_text: skin, eighth line of the said Specification, and in the fifty-first line of the
twenty-first skin of the said original Roll, [page 32, line 10], wherein the
word "spring" has been erroneously omitted between the words "stated"
and "by" in that line; and in the same thirteenth skin, twenty-eighth
line of the said Specification, and in the eleventh line, twenty-second skin
of the said original Roll, [page 33, line 6], wherein the word " ' commencing"
has been inadvertently written instead of the word "corresponding," which
ought to have been there written: In the fourteenth skin, tenth line of the
said Specification, forty-fourth line from the top of the twenty-second skin
of the said original Roll, [page 34, line 4], wherein a reference to Sheet VI.
has been erroneously inserted instead of a reference to Sheet V.; and in
the said fourteenth skin, twenty-second line in the Specification, and in the
sixty-third line of the twenty-second skin of the original Roll of the said
Specification, [page 34, line 27], where the word "and" has been erroneously
written instead of the word "into," which ought to be written in lieu
thereof In the fifteenth skin, fourth line of the said Specification, and in
the tenth line of the twenty-third skin of the original Roll, [page 35, line 7],
the word "levers" has been erroneously written instead of the word "lever;"
and in the fifth line of the said fifteenth skin of said Specification, and in the
eleventh line from the top of the twenty-third skin of the said entry on the
original Roll, [page 35, line 7], wherein the figures of reference 42 are
inadvertently, written as referring to a corresponding number in the VI.,
VII., and VIII. Sheets of the said Drawings, whereas the figures of refer-
ence ought to have been written 43 in the said Specification; and in the
said fifteenth skin, eleventh line of the said Specification, and in the twentieth
line of the twenty-third skin of the said original Roll, [page 35, line 19],
wherein the word "lower" has been erroneously engrossed instead of the
word "lever," which ought to have been therein written; and in the said
fifteenth skin, twenty-fifth line of the said Specification, and in the forty-fourth
line from the top of the twenty-third skin of the said original Roll, [page 36,
line 8], wherein the figures of reference 51 are erroneously written instead of
52, which should be inserted in lieu thereof: In the sixteenth skin, fourth
line of the said Specification, and in the sixty-third line of the twenty-third
skin of the said original Roll, [page 36, line 30], the words "in large" have
been written instead of the word "enlarged," and the word " open "has
been omitted between the words "honeycomb " and "work" in that line
In the said sixteenth skin, eighth line of the said Specification, and in
the last line of the twenty-third skin of the said original Roll, [page 86
line 38], where the word "obtained" has been incorrectly inserted instead

page_text: of the word "obtain ;" and in the said sixteenth skin, seventeenth line of
the said Specification, and in the twelfth line of the twenty-fourth skin of
the said original Roll, [page 37, line 15], wherein the word "working"
has been written instead of the word "making," which ought to have been
written in licu thereof: And I do hereby further declare, that all of the
said errors and inaccuracies are to the best of my belief wholly unin-
tentional, and are neither calculated nor intended to mislead, any person
reading the said Specification, having a competent knowledge of the nature of
the machinery to which tho said Invention is applicable; nevertheless, being
desirous of rendering the said Specification as accurate as possible by the
correction of the said errors and inaccuracies, and in order to prevent any
doubt arising from the continuance thereof, touching the validity of the said
Letters Patent, I do, for the reasons aforesaid, hereby declare that the following
alterations should be made in the said Specification and in the said original
Roll (that is to say):-In the first skin, thirty-third line of the Specification,
and in the last line of the seventh skin of the entry upon the said original
Roll, [page 3, line 27], the word "longituding" should be expunged, and
the word "longitudinal" written instead thereof: In the second skin, forty-
first line of the said Specification, and in the fifty-third line of the ninth skin
of the said Roll, [page 7, line 14], the word "those". should be inserted
between the words "from and "which" In the third skin, thirtieth, thirty-
fourth, thirty-seventh, and thirty-eighth lines of the said Specification, and in
the fifty-second, sixty-first, and sixty-second lines from the top of the tenth
skin of the said original Roll, [page 9, lines 17, 26, and 28], and likewise in
the last line of that skin, and at the commencement of the eleventh skin of
the said original Roll, [page 9, lines 35 and 37], the figures of reference 25
and 25 and 26 in all those five places where they occur in the said lines
should be expunged: In the said third skin, thirty-seventh line of the said
Specification, and in the third line from the bottom of the tenth skin of the
said original Roll, [page 9, line 34], the words "some of" should be inserted
between the words "then" and "the" And in the fourth skin, twenty-first
line of the said Specification, and in the fifty-first line from the top of the
cleventh skin of the entry on the said Roll, [page 11, line 16], the letters of
reference "m, m, and p" should be altered into the letters "m, n, and p:"
In the fifth skin, twenty-fourth line of the said Specification, and in the
seventh line from the top of the thirteenth skin of the said original Roll,
[page 14, line 11], the word "outermost " ought to be expunged, and the
word "innermost" substituted in the place thereof: In the fifth skin, thirty-
sixth line of tho said Specification, and in the thirty-second line of the
"

page_text: thirteenth skin of the said original Roll, [page 15, line 4], the word "left"
should be exchanged for the word "right:" In the fifth skin, and last line of
the Specification, and in the forty-third line from the top of the thirteenth
skin of the said original Roll, [page 15, line 17], the figures of reference 26
should be exchanged into 25: And in the sixth skin, first line of the said
Specification, and in the forty-fourth lines from the top of the said thirteenth
skin of the said original Roll, [page 15, line 17], the figures of reference
27 should be changed into 26: In the seventh skin, seventh line of the
said Specification, and in the sixty-eighth line of the fourteenth skin of the
said original Roll, [page 18, line 10], the word "should" ought to be
inserted between the word "guide" and the word "reach," and the word
"guide" should. be changed into "guides:" In the said seventh skin, twenty-
sixth line of the said Specification, and in the forty-first line of the fifteenth
skin of the said original Roll, [page 19, line 20], the word "bobbin" should
be expunged, and the word "warp" inserted in lieu thereof, and the word
"one" should be changed into "once" in that line: In the eighth skin,
sixth line of the said Specification, and in the seventeenth line from the top
of the sixteenth skin of the said original Roll, [page 20, line 31], the word
"level" should be changed into the word "bevel;" and in the said eighth
skin, two last lines of the said Specification, and in the fourteenth to the
seventeenth lines inclusive from the top of the said original Roll, [page 22,
lines 31, 32, and 33], the figures of reference 25 should be altered into 26,
and the word "front" should be expunged, the figure 1 should be changed for
the figure 2 in both places where it occurs; and in the ninth skin, first and
three following lines of the said Specification, and in the nineteenth and
twentieth lines from the top of the seventeenth skin of the said Roll, [page 22,
lines 35, 37, and 38, and page 23, lines 1 and 4], an alteration should be
nade of the figures 25 into 26, and the figures of reference 26 should be
exchanged for 25, and the word "back" should be expunged; the figures 2
and 25 should be respectively changed into 1 and 26, and the figure 2
should be changed into "1;" likewise the figures of reference 26 should
be expunged, and 25 written instead thereof: That in the said ninth skin,
twelfth line of the said Specification, and in the thirty-ninth line of the
seventeenth skin of the said Roll, [page 23, line 22], the word "found"
should be expunged, and the word "formed" written instead thereof; and in
the same ninth skin, twenty-first line of the said Specification, and in tho
fifty-sixth and fifty-seventh lines from the top of the seventeenth skin of tho
said original Roll, [page 24, lines 5 and 6], the words "one space" should be
changed into the words "two spaces," and the word "three" into the word

page_text: "four;" and in the following line the word "one" should be changed into
the word "two:" In the said ninth skin, twenty-fourth line of the said Speci-
fication, and in the sixty-first line from the top of the said seventeenth skin
of the said Roll, [page 24, line 11], the word "two" ought to be altered into
the word "three;" and in the following line in the said Specification, and in
the sixty-third and sixty-fourth lines from the top of the said seventeenth skin
of the said Roll, [page 24, lines 13 and 14], the word "one" should be
expunged in both places where it there occurs, and the word "two" written
in lieu thereof: In the tenth skin, ninth line of the said Specification, and in
the forty-first line from the top of the eighteenth skin of the said Roll,
[page 25, line 33], the figures of reference "25" should be changed into
"26;" and in the said tenth skin, twenty-sixth line of the said Specification,
and in the second and third lines from the top of the said eighteenth skin
of the said Roll, [page 26, lines 30 and 81], the figures "27" should be
changed into 25, and "25" into 27: In the said tenth skin, thirty-first
line of the said Specification, and in the twelfth and thirteenth lines from
the top of the said nineteenth skin of the said original Roll, [page 27,
line 3], figures of reference "27" and "28" should be changed into 25
and 26 respectively; and in like manner, in the same line the figures
of reference " 25" and "26" should be changed into 27 and 28: In the
eleventh skin, twelfth line of the said Specification, and in the fifty-second
line, nineteenth skin of the said original Roll, [page 28, line 9], the figure
"6" should be changed into the figures 14, and in the same line the figures
"14" should be changed into 6: In the said eleventh skin, thirtieth line of
the said Specification, and in the eighteenth and twentieth lines from the
top of the twentieth skin of the said original Roll, [page 29, lines 11 and 13],
the figures "26" should be changed into 25, and in the following line, the
figures "25" should be changed into 26: In the eleventh skin, thirty-third
line of the said Specification, and in the twenty-fourth line of the twentieth
skin of the said original Roll, [page 29, line 18], the word "which" should
be inserted between the words "between" and "they:" In the twelfth skin,
eighteenth line of the said Specification, and in the sixty-seventh line from
the top of the twentieth skin of the said original Roll, [page 30, line 27],
the figures of reference "31" should be changed into 33; and in the said
twelfth skin, twenty-first line of the said Specification, and in the third line
from the top of the twentieth skin of the original Roll, [page 30, line 34],
the reference G should be expunged, and the reference F substituted in
licu thereof: In the thirteenth skin, eighth line of the said Specification,
and in the fifty-first line of the twenty-first skin of the said original Roll,

page_text: [page 32, line 10], the word "spring" should be inserted between the words
"stated" and "by;" and in the same thirteenth skin, twenty-eighth line of
the said Specification, and in the eleventh line, twenty-second skin of said
original Roll, [page 33, line 6], the word " commencing" should be expunged,
and the word "corresponding" written in lieu thereof: In the fourteenth
skin, tenth line of the said Specification, and in the forty-fourth line from the
top of the twenty-second skin of the said original. Roll, [page 34, line 4],
the reference to Sheet VI. of the Drawings should be corrected into a refer-
ence to Sheet V. thereof; and in the same fourteenth skin, twenty-second
lino of the said Specification, and in the sixty-third line of the twenty-second
skin of the said original Roll, [page 34, line 27], the word "and" should be
changed into the word "into:" In the fifteenth skin, fourth line of the said
Specification, and in the tenth line of the twenty-third skin of the said
original Roll, [page 35, line 7], the word "levers" should be written "lever;"
and in the following line of said Specification, and in the cleventh line from
the top of the twenty-third skin of said original Roll, [page 35, line 7],
the figures of reference "42" should be altered into 48: In the fifteenth
skin, eleventh line of the said Specification, and in the twentieth line, twenty-
third skin of the said original Roll, [page 35, line 19], the word "lower"
should be expunged, and the word "lever" written in place thereof; and
in the said fifteenth skin, twenty-fifth line of the said Specification, and
in forty-fourth line from the top of the twenty-third skin of said original
Roll, [page 36, line 8], the figures of reference "51" should be changed into
52: In the sixteenth skin, fourth line of the said Specification, and in the
sixty-third line of the twenty-third skin of said original Roll, [page 36, line 30],
the words "in large" should be changed into the word "enlarged," and in
the same line the word "open" ought to be inserted between the words
"honey comb” and the word "work" in that line: That in the sixteenth skin,
eighth line of the said Specification, and in the twelfth line, twenty-fourth
skin of the said original Roll, [page 36, line 38], the word "obtained" ought
to be expunged, and the word "obtain " written in lieu thereof; and in the
said sixteenth skin, seventeenth line of the said Specification, and in the
twelfth line, twenty-fourth skin of the said original Roll, [page 37, line 15],
the word "working" ought to be changed into the word making.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand, this Eleventh day of

page_text: To the Clerk of the Patents of England.
This is to certify, that James Fisher, of Watling Street, in the City of
London, Lace Manufacturer, has applied to me for leave to enter with you the
above-written Memorandums of Alterations of the Specification of a certain
Invention, for which Letters Patent were duly granted to William Crofts, of
Radford, in the County of Nottingham, Frame Smith, under the Great Seal,
bearing date at Westminster, the 20th day of November, One thousand eight
hundred and thirty-four, and the Specification of which was enrolled on the
Twentieth day of May, One thousand eight hundred and thirty-five; and on
considering of the said application, I directed him to advertize his said
Memorandums of Alterations in the London Gazette, and in the Times and
Morning Chronicle Newspapers, and also in the Nottingham Journal and
Nottingham Review Newspapers; and such advertisements have been
duly made in the said Gazette, the Morning Chronicle, and in the Times, on
the Twenty-seventh day of January, One thousand eight hundred and thirty-
seven, and in the Nottingham Journal and Nottingham Review, on the Third
day of February of the same year; and no objection having been made to the
said application, I have accordingly granted leave to the said James Fisher to
file his said Memorandums of Alterations, pursuant to the Statute passed in
the sixth year of the reign of His present Majesty, entitled An Act to amend
the Law touching Letters Patent for Inventions.
Lincoln's Inn, 22nd March 1837.
R. M. ROLFE.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Eleventh day of March, in the
seventh year of the reign of His Majesty King William the Fourth, the said
James Fisher came before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and
acknowledged the instrument aforesaid, and all and every thing therein.
contained and specified, in form above written. And also the instrument
aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made in the
fifty-fifth year of the reign of His late Majesty King George the Third.
Inrolled the Thirtieth day of March, One thousand eight hundred and
thirty-seven.