CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHODS OF PACKING COPS OF COTTON AND FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1849

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, 'MATTHEW
KENNEDY, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner, send
greeting,
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Third day of May, One
thousand eight hundred and forty-nine, in the twelfth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Matthew Kennedy, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full
power, sole privilege, and authority, that I, the said Matthew Kennedy, my
exors, adñiors, and assigns, and such others as I, the said Matthew Kennedy,
my exors, adiñiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time, and at all times during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHODS OF PACKING COPS OF COTTON AND
FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH;" in which
said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that I, the said Matthew Kennedy,"
should cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately' after the date of
the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being
thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
L

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, une said
Matthew Kennedy, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon,
that is to say-
In packing cops of cotton and other fibrous materials, as heretofore prac-
tised, it has been usual to place them carefully by hand in a barrel (or other
vessel made of staves and hoops), or in box, or in baskets, pressing them by
slight pressure as the packing progresses, and when piled up full, or somewhat
more than full, the cops have been pressed into the barrel, or box, or basket, so
that the heads in the cases of barrels or casks could be fastened in their
places, or the lid or cover in the cases of boxes and baskets could be shut
down and fixed. By these means only comparatively small pressure could be
or was employed, and therefore cops so packed occupied a very considerable
space, and thus materially increased the expense of freight when sending them
to different parts of the world. Now, according to my Invention, not only can
hydraulic and other powerful presses be employed, but the cops will be caused
to be much closer and harder pressed, and so as to occupy comparatively much
smaller space than heretofore, and thus may cops of cotton and other fibrous
materials be packed more advantageously; the cops being so closely packed as
not to be subjected to friction by movement amongst themselves, by the shaking
consequent on a voyage, and other means of transport.
And in order that my Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS..
Figure 1 is a side view of a press and apparatus, partly in section, in the
position just before commencing to press. Figure 2 shows another side view,
also in section, in the position of having completed the pressure. Figure 3
shows an external end view of the press and apparatus just before commencing
to press. Figure 4 shows another end view, partly in section, when the
pressure has been completed, but previous to fastening the hoop iron binders
a, a, which bind a bale of cops after pressing; Figure 5 shows a plan of a
bale of cops in the press, after the ends of the hoop iron have been rivetted
together; and Figure 6 shows the section of the upper and lower angles of a
bale, showing the position of the parts of which the external envelope is com
posed. I prefer to use an hydraulic press, and the Drawings show the upper
part of the ram of such a press, but other powerful prosses may be employed

page_text: It may here be desirable to remark that heretofore, in packing cops, the barrels,
or baskets, or boxes employed have simply been packed tightly by such
pressure as could be progressively used in the act of filling; and, therefore, in
any such package only a comparatively small addition could be made to what
would fill the package when loosely stowed; the package or envelope surround-
ing the cops not itself being capable of being compressed (with the cops) so as
to take or occupy a less space. And further, in packing cops into such incom-
pressible recipients,. no means have heretofore been resorted to for enlarging
the recipient instrument, so as to receive or confine before pressure a consider-
able larger quantity or cops. Now, according to my Invention. not only are.
cops placed in envelopes or packages which can (with the cops within) be
caused by pressure to occupy a much smaller space, but means are resorted to
for building up and for a time increasing the capacity of the recipient instru-
ment or apparatus, so that a comparatively large quantity of cops (much larger
than the recipient instrument or apparatus would hold when loosely packed),
may be confined and retained during pressure, so as to be forced into the
recipient instrument or apparatus, and there secured.
And my Invention consists of the use of such means, and, by preference, the
combination of such means, in order to cause a comparatively large number or
weight of cops to be packed in such manner as to occupy a comparatively
cops would
small space to that which a like quantity or weight of
оссиру when
packed by the means heretofore resorted to. In place of packing the cops all'
in one bulk, as was formerly the case when filling a barrel, or box, or basket.
I prefer (in order that the time the press is in use for packing a bale may not
be unnecessarily long), to cause the cops to be first packed into rectangular
paper bags, and then several of such packets to be placed in the press, so that
the time occupied in filling the press may be comparatively short; and for this
purpose, I cause rectangular paper bags to be made, which I place in boxes,
and into these bags children are employed to pack in the cops, in like manner
to that in which cops were formerly packed into barrels, boxes, and baskets:
and when the bags are filled up to the top of the boxes, the upper parts of the
bags are folded down, and the cops subjected to pressure by a plunger being
caused to enter into the boxes for a short distance, and when the plunger has
been removed, the upper parts of the bags are then to be drawn tightly over
the surface of the cops and pasted or fastened down, and the paste dried. The
packets thus made up are then to be forced or shaken out of the boxes, there
being holes through the bottonis of the boxes to facilitate the delivery of the
Jackets.
Liined the onvalores or raginione

page_text: instrument of each of which is capable of -compression, as well as the cops
within. I prefer to use-paper for this purpose, but other fabrics may be em-
ployed, and in this manner might packages of, cops, be made and pressed in
suitable presses, and then held in a state of pressure,. by binding with cords or
other proper means; but I prefer to use several compressible packets to make
up one bale or package, and for this purpose I employ the following apparatus
in combination with a suitable press.. I do not, however, claim such apparatus
when unconnected with the packing of cops.
cops
a is the ram of an hydraulic press, or, in place thereof, other construction of
presses may be used; b, b, are two sides of a receiving chamber of the press,
which are hinged to the end c, and there are straps to strengthen such sides
b, b, and ends c, d, as are shewn; d is the other end which completes the means
of making up a quadrangular receiving chamber, in which the packing of the
is to take place; the parts b, c, d, are clamped or held together, by the
bars e, e, the ends of which enter recesses, and are retained therein by the plates
ff, which are pressed on by the screw handles or nuts g, g, which are screweil
on to the fixed screws h, h. When these parts have been put together, the
binders x, x, of hoop iron are to be introduced of a length suitable for em-
bracing the intended bale or packet, the ends of the hoop iron being bent over the
sides 6, 6, till the packing and pressing are completed. A rectangular canvass
bag is next introduced, which fits and lines the interior of the chamber of the
press, the upper edges or ends of the bag being temporarily held up by nailing, or
other convenient means, to the upper parts b, b, c, d; bent plates of iron i, i,
are then placed at the two side angles to give strength to the angles of the
bale; the bottom of 'the canvass, bag is then to be covered over with very thin
boards of wood; then the sides b, b, and the ends c, d, are to be covered with
similar thin boards of wood; and I have found it most convenient to place the
lining boards of the sides b, b, on edge, with the grain horizontally, and to slightly
attach them by brads or light nails to the sides b, b. The lining boards at the
ends c, d, I prefer to stand vertically; by this means the chamber of the press
will be lined first with the canvass bag, and then with the thin boarding. The
packets of cops previously mentioned are now to be placed into the chamber
of the press, and when such chamber is full, strips of iron plate * are placed at
the sides b, b, inside the canvass, so as to descend for a short distance below the
upper edges of the sides. b; b, and also so as to come a short distance above the
upper.edges of the sides b,-b. The additional parts j, j, k, k, of the receiving
chamber of the press are now to be put up so as to increase the depth of the
chamber of the press, such parts being clamped together, and they fit on studs
8, 3, as shown, and then a further quantity of packages of cops are to-be

page_text: ין,
introduced; then, the further additional parts lm, m of the chamber are, to
be put into position, by which the height of the chamber of the press, will be
increased, and the same is to be filled with packets of: cops; and when full, the
upper surface of the packets, are to be covered, with thin boards of wood, and
two strips of iron plate i** are. to be laid thereon, so that when, they come to
those previously introduced, they will together strengthen the side angles of the
bale. The whole of the upper surface is now to be covered with strong can-
vass, the canvass being somewhat larger than the upper surfaces of the packets
of cops, in, the press. The transverse, chocks, of wood nnn,, are now to be
placed in position, as shewn, leaving spaces, for the passage of the hoop iron
binders a, a, as shown;, then the. longitudinal chocks 0, 0, of wood are to be
placed in position, as shewn; the press is then to be put into action, and when
the packets of cops have been forced below the parts 1,1, m, m, those parts are
to be removed, and the press again put into action, till the packets of cops have
been forced below the parts j, j, k, k; those parts of the apparatus are then to
be removed, and the hoop iron binders a, a, are to be connected, by causing the
longer ends to be passed through between the chocks and drawn tightly over
the shorter ends, on the other side of the press;, holes are then to be punched
through the ends, and the same, fastened by rivits. This is done by placing
the rivits up through the holes, and having a block of steel under each binder
c, to come under the heads of the rivits, and then by hammering the riviting is
completed. The water may then be run out of the press, and the sides and
ends of the chamber of the press may be released, which will allow the bale
somewhat to expand; the upper piece of canvass is to be sewed to the upper
part of the bag, and the packing of a bale of cops will be complete. I would
state that it will be evident that in. place of filling the chamber of the press
with compressible packets, of cops, the cops might be packed into the chamber
(lined as above described, or otherwise,) in bulk, in like manner to what was
formerly done when packing in barrels, baskets, and boxes, by which means a
like quantity of cops (owing to the enlarged capacity of the chamber tem-
porarily built up) would be made into a bale in the chamber of the press as
when using a series of compressible packets; but by such a course of pro-
ceeding, the time the press would be engaged in making up a bale would be
greatly increased. And I would further state that the present mode of
packing cops might be greatly improved by temporarily building up and thus
increasing the capacity of the intended recipients, as above explained, in respect
to the chamber of the press, and thus to confine the cops (which more than fill
the recipient) during the process of pressing them into the recipient; but I
prefer the combined means of working, whereby not only is the use of com-

page_text: pressible packets employed, but that improvement is also combined by the
other improvement, which consists of employing means of temporarily encreas-
ing the capacity of the intended recipient, by building up an enlarged capacity
to receive the cops or the packets of cops before the same are reduced in bulk,
so as only to fill the capacity of the recipient instrument or apparatus.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the means of per-
forming the same, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself to
the details as herein shown and described, so long as the peculiar character of
..any part of my Invention be retained; but what I claim are the means herein
explained of packing cops of cotton and other fibrous materials.
In witness whereof, I, the said Matthew Kennedy, have hereunto set
my harid and seal, this First day of November, One thousand eight
MAIL
(4.5.)
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the First day of November, in the
year of our Lord 1849, the aforesaid Matthew Kennedy came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor' of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Third day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-nine.