Constructing Conduits for Hydraulic and Pneu- matic Purposes by means of Calcareous Cement
Year: 1853

page_text: Constructing Conduits for Hydraulic and Pneu-
matic Purposes by means of Calcareous
Cement.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Hartog Bruck at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 9th. August 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
Spe
I, LOUIS HARTOG BRUCK, of Mark Lane, in the City of London, Pro
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Juvention 'for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TUNNELS, SEWERS, DRAINS, PIPES,
TUBES, CHANNELS, AND OTHER LIKE CONDUITS FOR HYDRAULIC OR PNEUMATIC
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My improvements relate to the construction of ways or conduits for
drainage, supplying water, gas, air, or other like purposes. And for
the better understanding of my said. Invention I shall now proceed to
enter into the practical details thereof.
I would premise that tunnels, sewers, pipes, tubes, and similar means.
employed for hydraulic and pneumatic purposes are usually constructed

page_text: of stone or brickwork, of earthenware, wood, cast iron, lead, and other
metals and materials. But such conduits, ways, or passages have
never been wholly composed of mortars or cements impervious to
water, coal gas and other gases, or air.
Now I propose employing a composition or mortar formed of thirty
parts of hydraulic lime before being slacked, thirty parts of sand, and
forty parts of powdered limestone, or these proportions may be varied,
and clay, trass, gravel, or other useful ingredients added, common in
the preparation of calcareous cements required to set hard and rapidly
in water.
In forming tunnels, drains, tubes, pipes, or other like passages for
water, gas, air, or similar purposes I do not recommend, as in making
cast iron or earthenware pipes, to prepare them in short lengths, with
socket or with plain butt ends, but I prefer making them of any re-
quired length by the following or like means. When the pipe is to
be laid below the surface of the ground, a proper trench being cut to
receive it, I place a light metal tube of the required diameter at
wherever the same is desired to commence, and it is plastered round
in its place with any required thickness of the cement, and when so
much is completed as is equal to the length of the metal core or
pattern I have this drawn forward, leaving only a few inches inserted,
and then proceed as before until as many feet or miles of continuous
pipe is constructed for the intended purpose. Or a bar or tube of
metal may be used as a core, and drawn forward to expose fresh lengths
to be covered by cement. Or by means of a framing properly centred,
and made to revolve, similar or larger pipes, sewers, or tunnels may be
constructed with great facility. Or when the pipes are intended to be
of small bore thin cheap metal may be used, even without being sol-
dered, and left within the cement.
It is obvious that branch pipes may be set off from a main sewer on
my improvement, or the sewer itself made to branch out in any direc-
tion, and that therefore the entire sewerage or the entire watercourses
or the entire gas mains and pipes of a district might, according to my
arrangement; be made continuous without the usual hazardous mode of
jointing when cast iron or earthenware pipes are employed. And

page_text: upon the same principle continuous troughs, channels, canals, or aque-
ducts may be formed without any brickwork.
I would have it understood that I do not restrict myself to any par-
ticular dimensions or form, or to making pipes in their place, as they
may, if required, be made in suitable lengths, or divided longitudinally
into two or more parts, to be afterwards connected with cement, neither
do I confine myself to any particular composition of cement; and I do
declare that what I claim as my Invention is, namely,-
The construction of conduits of any size or form made of calcareous
cements for the conveyance of liquids or of aëriform fluids, as
described.
Pr
Sp