Improvements in Rotative Motors.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Sept., 1899-Accepted, 4th Nov., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Rotative Motors.
I, EMILE NIVERT, of Chamonix, Haute Savoie, in the Republic of France,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
The present invention is intended to replace in a water-wheel (axial or radial,
with total or partial injection, centripedal or centrifugal) acted upon by moving
water having say a debit of Q, and a height of fall H, the height of fall H by
the pressure P of any gas whatever, acting upon any liquid whatever in such
a manner as to have this liquid which is introduced through a suitable dis-
tributor into the water-wheel, acting upon the said wheel with the same speed
or the same weight as the water would do falling from the height H upon the
said wheel.
The motor of my system, is composed of a water-wheel the distributor and
escapement of which, are connected with suitable tanks, containing alternately,
the motive liquid with gas or steam under pressure above it.
The motive liquid is driven from one tank by the gas under pressure, and
through the distributor, upon the paddles of the water-wheel and into the second
tank, where it is again acted upon by the pressure of the gas, and from where it
passes through the distributor and the paddles of the water-wheel into the
first tank, and so on.
The same volume of liquid causes the rotation of the wheel and it can there-
fore be compared to a liquid piston acting directly upon the circumference of the
fly-wheel of the motor.
The power of a water-wheel being in proportion to the product Q H or Q P
if we suppose P to be fixed, the power of the motor will be increased o
diminished by increasing or diminishing the quantity Q.
But Q is the volume of liquid delivered per second to the wheel and conse-
quently if 2 R be the space occupied by the liquid in both tanks, and n be the
number of times that each tank is filled and is emptied again per second, we
shall have the relation:
Q
= 2 Rn
therefore the power of the motor will increase or diminish by means of vary
ing n, that is to say, by means of opening or shutting the openings of the
distributor.
The speed of rotation of the water-wheel under the same pressure depends only
on the diameter of this wheel, it will consequently be invariable whatever n
may be.
The motors of my system rotate without vibration and their wear is very
slight.
The mechanism of the same is a simple and strong one, the friction verv

page_text: and air, mere must be added to the above mentioned tanks, a cylinder pro-
vided with a piston. This piston will be acted upon by the main shaft of the
water-wheel; it is intended to exhaust the explosive mixture of gas and air and
to compress the same into the one or the other of the tanks, where said mixture
will explode and send back the motive liquid through the distributor into
the paddles of the water-wheel.
The accompanying drawings show an explosive gas motor made in accordance
with the invention.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the motor through A, B, of Figure 2.
Figure 2 is a horizontal section of the motor.
Figure 3 is a vertical section through the axis of the piston.
Figure 4 is a vertical section through the axis of the vertical tank and of the
piston.
The motor is composed of two tanks a and b (Figure 1) the first one being
vertical and cylindrical, the second one having the shape of a trough, placed
underneath the first one.
The tank a is provided with a lateral pipe or distributor Ч the aperture of
which opens in front of the paddles of a tangential water-wheel (so called
Pelton-wheel).
The opening of the cylinder c adjacent to the tank a is downwards (Figure 4).
In the said cylinder c is moving a piston f which is alternately acted upon by a
rocking-lever g oscillating around the fixed point h. Said rocking lever g is
acted upon by means of the connecting rod e pivotted to an eccentric pin of the
pinion which meshes with the pinion k, journalled on the shaft of the water-
wheel (Figure 3).
A pinion meshing with the pinion i acts upon the two cams m and n (Figure 2).
The first one n causing the electric ignition, the second one m acting upon the
valve p by means of the rod o, such controlling the opening or shutting of the
distributor q
A valve of a broad section opens into the upper portion of a pipe situated
at the bottom of the tank a, and connecting the two tanks a and b with one
another.
Supposing a mixture, say for instance of water and glycerine having been
introduced into the tank a, the valve r and the valve p being shut. By means
of the piston f, a certain quantity of the explosive mixture is exhausted through
the pipe (Figure 3) and the said mixture is then pressed through the pipe t
above the liquid contained in the tank a.
The mixture having entered the tank a, the spring valve u is shut, and the
tank a contains liquid and explosive gas.
Supposing now that the pinion 7 which acts upon the cams m and n is rotating,
the rod will meet the recess in the cam n and be pushed by its spring rapidly
downwards, causing the shutting of the circuit of an induction coil and a spark
is produced between the wire and the tube y lighting the explosive mixture.
But during the rotation of pinion the cam m has also been rotating; and a
little after the rod v has been acted upon by the cam n the rod o meets with the
recess in the cam m, it is quickly pushed upwards by its spring and opens the
valve p.
driven by the pres-
paddles of the water
When all the liquid
The said valve 2 being opened, the liquid is vigourously
sure of the burnt gases, through the distributor, against the
wheel, causing it to rotate, and then flows into the tank b.
has been driven out, the excess of the burnt gases escapes by the same way. But
immediately afterwards, a vacuum is produced in the tank a, the valve p falls
down again, the valve opens and the exhausted liquid ascends in the tank a
through said valve r.
During that time, the rotation of the water wheel has been acting upon the
rocking lever 9 which has again acted upon the piston f which has exhausted
and compressed a new quantity of explosive mixture.

page_text: During this compression, the valve p being acted upon by the rod o and the
cam m, remains shut. It opens again just at the moment of the ignition of the
gases to allow the liquid under pressure to pass which again causes the rotation
of the water wheel.
The motor may be provided with a self starter, if the same is to be started
automatically. This self starter may be composed of a pump kettle similar to
the one used in fire pumps. The said pump kettle may be fixed beside the
tank a symmetrically to the cylinder c. It may be connected with the tank a,
through a pipe provided with a stop valve.
The flowing back pipe passing through the top portion of the pump kettle is
connected to the distributor of the water wheel and is provided with a stop
cock. The first time the motor is acted upon by hand, until the self starter is
filled with water and with air under a pressure equal to that produced by the
explosive gases. Then when the motor has been stopped, it is started again by
merely opening the cock of the pipe connecting the starting with the dis-
tributor, so that when the water under pressure is flowing to the paddles, it
will cause the rotation of the water wheel.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:―
1. In rotative motors the combination of any system of water wheel whatever
with two or more tanks connected together and with the distributor of the said
water wheel and arranged so as to contain a predetermined volume of any suit-
able liquid whatever and to admit alternately a gas under pressure in such a
manner as to cause the said gas to act upon the liquid contained in one of the
said tanks, and to drive said liquid through the distributor into the water
wheel, and from there into one of the other tanks.
2. In a rotative motor as specified in Claim 1, means for producing the
explosion of a gas within the tanks.
3. In a rotative motor, as specified in Claims 1 and 2, a water wheel the
distributor q which is combined with tanks a and b, valves p and r, a cylinder c
with a piston f, and suitable means for having the said piston driven by the
main shaft of the water wheel.
Dated this 1st day of September 1899.