IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William, Edward Newton, of the Office for
Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
Scaled the 23rd March 1858, and dated the 29th January 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward
Newton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 29th January 1853.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRESSING CLOTH
to be as follows:-
In the process of dressing cloth as formerly practised the cloth was
stretched in a vertical position, and the teazle frames were passed over
it back and forth in the direction of the warp, for the purpose of
scratching and tearing out the fibres which were to form the nap of the
cloth. In all modern establishments, however, this operation is per-
formed upon a machine called a gig mill, in which the cloth in passing

page_text: from one roller to another is brought in contact with the surface
of a revolving drum, upon which the teazles are arranged. In this
manner the cloth is passed several times back and forth, but as the
drum revolves constantly in one direction, the teazling also takes
place only in one direction; and in order to imitate more perfectly the
hand operation, in which the teazles are moved back and forth upon
the surface of the cloth, it becomes necessary to detach the cloth from
the machine, unwind it from its roller into a heap upon the floor, re-
verse it end for end, and attach it again to the roller. The cloth is
then to be rewound upon the cloth roller before the reverse teazling
can commence. This operation requires about three hours each day of
every gig in the factory, as well as of the attendants. By these im-
provements this delay is entirely done away with.
The nature of this Invention consists in hanging the rollers which
carry the cloth, and from which it is wound and unwound, one above
the other in a frame or carriage which is capable of being revolved in
a vertical plane, by which means the cloth rollers are made to change
places with each other; and the cloth, when again traversed in contact
with the cylinder, proceeds in the opposite direction with reference to
the teazles, and the reverse operation is perforine<l.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal
Patent Office, on the 29th July 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the six-
⚫teenth year of: Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said, William Edward Newton, Her special
license that I, the said William- Edward Newton, my.executors, ad-

page_text: ministrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Edward
Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRESSING CLOTH," being a communication
from abroad, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
William Edward Newton, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that
is to say):
In the process of dressing cloth as formerly practised the cloth was
stretched in a vertical position, and the teasel frames were passed over
it back and forth in the direction of the warp, for the purpose of
scratching and tearing out the fibres which were to form the nap of
the cloth. In all modern establishments, however, this operation is
performed upon a machine called a gig mill, in which the cloth in
passing from one roller to another is brought in contact with the surface
of a revolving drum, upon which the teasels are arranged. In this
manner the cloth is passed several times back and forth, but as the
drum revolves constantly in one direction the teaseling also takes place
only in one direction; and in order to imitate more perfectly the hand
operation, in which the teasels are moved back and forth upon the sur-
face of the cloth, it becomes necessary to detach the cloth from the
machine, unwind it from its roller into a heap upon the floor, reverse
it end for end, and attach it again to the roller. The cloth is then to

page_text: nience.
be rewound upon the cloth roller before the reverse teascling can com-
This operation requires about three hours cach day of every
gig in the factory, as well as of the attendants. By the present improve-
ments I am enabled entirely to do away with this delay, and to make
use effectively of the whole of the working time of the machines, as
well as the time and labour of the operatives attending them.
The nature of the Invention consists in hanging the rollers which
carry the cloth, and from which it is wound and unwound, one above
the other in a frame or carriage which is capable of being revolved in
a vertical plane, by which means the cloth rollers are made to change
places with each other, and the cloth, when again traversed in contact
with the cylinder, proceeds in the opposite direction with reference to
the teasels, and the reverse operation is performed.
In order that the construction and operation of the improved machine
may be clearly understood I have shewn in the accompanying Drawings
various views of the same. Fig. 1, is a plan view of the machine;
Fig. 2, is a front elevation of the same; Fig. 3, an end view; Figures
4, and 5, are.views of detached portions of the improved machine, and
will be referred to hereafter; A, is the main frame of the machine; B,
the cross bars or stretchers of the same; C, is the main druni upon
which are placed the teasel frames, and which drum is caused to rotate
in contact with the cloth; a, a, are wooden cylinders or rollers, over
which the cloth is stretched, as seen in Fig. 3; b, and b, are the cloth
beams on which the cloth is wound, and from one to the other of which
the cloth is passed during the operation of teascling. One of the cloth
rollers b, and the cog-wheels d, and e', are attached to the shaft c, and
turn with it; the other roller b', and cog-wheels e, and d', are in like
manner attached to and turn with the shaft f. In the mills heretofore
in use these shafts revolve in boxes made stationary in the main frame
of the gig, whereas in the improved machine the shafts of the cloth
beams turn in boxes which are attached to an auxiliary frame or
carriage g, which is capable of turning on a centre. The construction
and operation of this frame will now be described; h, (Figures 1, and 5,)
is a flat metallic bar making part of the framework of the machine, or
attached thereto, (as seen in plan at Fig. 5,) or in any other suitable

page_text: manner; from the centre of this bar projects the pin i, through the end
of which passes the key k. Upon the bar h, and upon one side of the
centre, is placed a button m, the shank of which works in the bar 7,
with a screw 2. In the auxiliary carriage g, are two rectangular
holes o, o¹, either one of which may be passed over the button m, which
may then be turned, as seen in Fig. 2, and which by means of the
screw n, firmly secures the auxiliary carriage g, to the plate h, and
main frame of the machine. When, however, the button be turned
so as to correspond with the rectangular opening of the auxiliary
carriage or frame g, (Fig. 4) the latter may be slidden back upon the
pini, against the key k, (as seen in Fig. 5.) It may then, together
with the cloth beams and cog-wheels, be revolved one hundred and
cighty degrees, which brings the beam b', into the position before
occupied by b, and the cog-wheels d', and e', into the position previously
occupied by d, and e; the carriage g, is then to be slidden up against
the plate h, the opening o', passing over the head of the button m,
which, on being turned half round, more or less secures the carriage g, to
the machine as before. Motion is communicated to the machine
through the pulleys p, and p¹, upon the shaft q, in the ordinary manner.
Upon the other end of this shaft is a long pinion ; s, is an inter-
mediate cog-wheel fastened to the grooved coupling pulley v, and
together with it revolving freely upon the short shaft t; w, is a lever
rosting upon the arm a, by means of which the intermediate wheels,
is thrown into gear with either one or the other of the cog-wheels d, or
e, upon the auxiliary carriage, the wheels, remaining constantly in
gear with the driving pinion 7. When the wheel.s, is in gear with the
wheel d, as seen in Figures 1, 2, and 3, the cloth is wound upon the
roller b, and unwound from b', a sufficient drag being put upon the
latter to produce the requisite tension of the cloth; when, however,
the lever w, is thrown into the position shewn in dotted lines in Fig. 1,
the wheel s, engages with the cog-wheel e, upon the shaft f, of the cloth
beam b, and the latter is revolved in the direction of the arrow y,
(Fig. 3.) thereby winding up the cloth, and unwinding it from the
roller b, which is left free to revolve, being no longer in gear with the
intermediate wheels, the drag being now applied to the latter roller.

page_text: At the commencement of tlie operation one end of the cloth is secured
in the customary manner to the roller b, it is then passed over the
rollers a, (as indicated by the red line in Fig. 3,) coming twice in con-
tact with the surface of the main drum C, and passing beneath the
rollers, is wound upon the other roller b'. If now the machine be
set in motion, and the lever w, be moved so as to bring the wheels,
into gear with the wheel d, the latter is revolved in the direction indi-
cated by the arrow z, and the cloth is wound upon the beam b, and un-
wound from b', the main drum C, in the meantime revolving rapidly
comes in contact with the cloth as it passes at the points ",", and the
teaseling is cffected.
In order to the more perfect performance of this operation it is
necessary that the surface of the cloth be operated upon by the teasels,
as before stated, longitudinally in both directions. For this purpose the
cloth is detached from one of the rollers b, or b', and entirely wound
upon the other; the auxiliary carriage g, is then made to move round on
the pin i, as before described, thereby reversing the positions of the
cloth rollers b, b', and the cog gearing d, e, d', e'. It will now be per-
ceived that the cloth in passing back and forth between the rollers b, and
6', is presented to the teaseling cylinder in a position the reverse of that
assumed during the previous operation, and the teaseling is thus accom-
plished as before in both directions. It is estimated that the saving of
time effected by this improvement amounts to between two and three
hours each day of both machine and its attendants, a few minutes
only being required to unclamp the carriage g, revolve it into its new
position, then pass the cloth again around the cylinder, and set the
machine in motion.
Having now described the Invention that has been communicated by
my foreign correspondent as aforesaid, and the best means with which
I am at present acquainted for carrying the same into effect, I would
observe, in conclusion, that I do not limit myself in the application of
this improvement to machines for teaseling, but intend to apply it to
other machines used in dressing cloth, whenever the nature of the opera-
tion to be performed will admit of such application; nor do I intend to
confine myself rigidly to the precise arrangement or construction of parts

page_text: herein shewn and described, as they may doubtless be varied without de-
parting from the nature and object of the present improvements; but
what I claim as new in the present improvements, and therefore desire to
secure by Letters Patent, is, hanging the cloth rollers of a gig mill or
other machine for dressing cloth in a revolving carriage or its equiva-
lent, by means of which the cloth rollers may be turned round, and the
cloth run in a reversed direction through the machine, without the
necessity of unwinding it from and rewinding it upon the cloth rollers
as heretofore practised.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Twenty-ninth day of July,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
three.
5 Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane..
W. E. NEWTON. (L.B.)