IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Faulding, of No. 340, Euston Road, in the
County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE
ENGINES."
Sealed the 24th April 1863, and dated the 12th November 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Faulding at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
November 1862.
I, JOSEPH FAULDING, of No. 340, Euston Road, in the County of Middlesex;
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN Loco-
MOTIVE ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in locomotive engines. For
these purposes motion is communicated to a pair of wheels on each side of a
locomotive engine by means of two piston rods simultaneously moved outwards
and then simultaneously moved inwards. It is preferred to use two steam
cylinders fixed or formed together end to end, arranged with axes or
trunnions, in order that the two cylinders may rock thereon. The bearings
of the axes of these cylinders are placed intermediate of the axles of the two
wheels, and the piston rod from the piston.in each cylinder is to be connected
to a crank pin on one of a pair of wheels on the same side of a locomotive
engine. The crank pins on the wheels on one side of the locomotive engine
are to be placed at or about right angles to the crank pins of the pair of
wheels on the other side of the locomotive engine, so that the pistons on the
two sides of the locomotive engine will not be on their dead centres at the same
time. In place of using a pair of cylinders end to end a single steam cylinder.
may be employed with two pistons and two piston rods, the piston rods passing
respectively through the covers at the two ends of the cylinder.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Faulding in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 12th
May 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
FAULDING, of No. 340, Euston Road, in the County of Middlesex, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Joseph Faulding, Her special licence that I, the said Joseph Faulding,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph
Faulding, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE
ENGINES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Joseph
Faulding, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in 'writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, 'the said Joseph Faulding, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
"
The object of this Invention is to obviate the inertia and momentum of the
working parts of a locomotive engine, and my improvements consist in placing
duplex oscillating cylinders C, C, on a horizontal line with the centres of the
two driving axles I, I, in such a manner that the cylinders with the whole
working gear of the engines are carried by an independent frame K, K, sup-
ported on journals L, L, L, L, on the two driving axles, so that the relative
connections of the engines with the driving axles shall not be influenced in any
degree by the play of the springs which carry the ordinary framing, boiler, &c.
The piston rods X, X, are coupled direct to the crank pins F, F, which are
fixed on the bosses of the driving wheels G, G. It will be obvious then, that

page_text: when the pistons D, D, are simultaneously driven outward, and by the return
stroke are brought simultaneously towards the centre, the half of the power
will be given to one driving wheel and an equal power to the second driving
wheel. The inertia and momentum of one piston will be perfectly balanced by
that of the other, entirely doing away with the usual zig-zag motion of the
locomotive caused by the action of the single piston, with its connections acting
alternately on the cranks placed at right angles to each other, forcing first one
driving wheel and then the other, and that the arrangement of the working
gear with the use of the single valve to each duplex cylinder gives great com-
pactness, and finally, that by so balancing the reciprocating mechanism of the
engine, I obtain much greater steadiness at high speeds. In the first place I
take the steam:direct from the dome on the top of the boiler by an oval steam
pipe A, Drawings No. 1, 2, and 3, which I pass round the boiler to the under-
neath side, where it joins a pipe A¹, the end of which is connected to the
horizontal steam pipe A', A', to each pair of cylinders by a faucit joint and
stuffing box, the horizontal steam pipe A', A', being bolted to the flange of the
slide valve casing fixed to the inner frame K, K. This arrangement is
necessary, in order to allow for the up-and-down play from the action of the
springs. I use two frames (as before stated) H, H, and K, K, the inner
frame K, K, being entirely independent of the outer frame H, H, and to this
inner frame I bolt the whole of the working. machinery, including the
cylinders, slide valve, casing, &c. I bend the inside frame K, K, where
required, in order to clear the axle boxes J, J, of the outside frame; on this
inside frame I bolt the inside axle boxes L, L, and thus obtain a rigid and inde-
pendent foundation for the engine. I use two duplex cylinders C, C, the area
of which is equal to the area of an ordinary cylinder of equal capacity. I place
these cylinders on the outside of the driving wheels G, G, and I cast them in
one, or rather I join them at the bottom by a vertical flat steam chamber
E, E, placed on the inner and outer side, and a circular cast-iron chamber
E, E, placed transversely from these outside vertical chambers and joining
the two, having openings on the bottom side W, W, which form a portion of
the eduction passage; this circular chamber E¹, E¹, forms the trunnion on
which the cylinders oscillate, and which works in the brasses of the plummer
block P, bolted to a curved wrought-iron bracket Q, which bracket is again
bolted to the inside frame K, K, and being made hollow it forms the eduction
passage for the steam to the exhaust pipe E", in communication with the
bracket on the inside frame K, K, at one end, and the other with the blast
pipe in the smoke box. It is clearly shewn then, that the cylinders being

page_text: allowed to oscillate in their bearings fixed to the inside frame are not acted
on by any movement of the boiler, being independent of the action of the
springs placed on the outside frame H, and on which the boiler rests. I prefer
to place two eight-feet driving wheels G, G, on the outside of the frame H, H.
On the outside of the boss of each wheel I fix a crank pin F, and I attach the
piston rods X, X, to these pins by the ordinary straps and cotter, and the driving
axles I, I, being straight, pass under and close to the barrel of the boiler. I
cast a separate valve chest B containing the steam and exhaust ports and
passages, which I bolt to the inside frame K, and which in fact is a fixture;
particularly that portion containing the ports on which the slide. valve works,
and which portion is square or nearly so; but that portion which contains the
steam and exhaust passages is circular, and projects into the trunnion of the
cylinder. The joints of the connections between the two is made steam-tight;
thus the outer one by the stuffing box and gland U, U, and the inside projec-
tion in the trunnion by a metallic packing consisting of a ring and spring W
with a bottom plate bolted on, as shewn, similar to the packing of an ordinary
piston.
"
It will thus be clearly seen that as the cylinders oscillate, the valve chest
and ports remain stationary, allowing the lower portion of the steam and
exhaust passages to move round them with a semicircular motion. I make
one slide valve with the ordinary steam and exhaust ports answer the purpose
for both cylinders, because it will be seen by the Drawings that both pistons
perform a similar duty, viz., front stroke and back stroke at the same moment;
thus, when the pistons D, D, are at the bottom of their stroke and working
simultaneously, the steam after passing the valve proceeds through the under
passage of the front cylinder S, and acts on the bottoms of both pistons simul-
taneously. This steam, after having performed its duty, returns by the same
passage to the exhaust port, and proceeds by the exhaust passages W¹, W¹, in
the cylinder trunnion down the inside of the bracket Q to the exhaust pipė E.
The return stroke is made by the steam passing along the passage R over the
back cylinder to the outside passage R¹ in the steam casing, which it will be
seen communicates with both top steam ports, and the steam acting simul-
taneously on the tops of both pistons causes them to converge, and thus effect
the return stroke, the waste steam passing along the same passage in return to
the exhaust port. It will therefore be clearly seen that as the piston rods
X, X, are connected to the pins F, F, on the bosses of the driving wheels, and
as the pistons make a simultaneously outward and inward stroke, and the
cylinders being allowed to oscillate on their trunnions, the two driving wheels

page_text: revolve together either in a forward or backward direction, as required. The
pins of the right-hand driving wheels are placed at right angles to the pins of
the left-hand driving wheels, therefore when the pistons are at the top stroke
in the right-hand cylinder, the left-hand pistons are at half stroke.
The arrangement for working the slide valves is this:-I bolt a wrought or
cast iron ring M on the inside of the boss of the driving wheel to the required
throw of the valve, and I place between the frames the ordinary slot link
motion worked by the bell-crank T, which acting on the slot links O, O, brings
them into gear on the slide valve rods and the excentric rods N, N, con-
nected to the straps which work over the excentric rings M, M, the connection
for reversing the engine being made by the ordinary handle on the driving
platform. By this arrangement of the slide valve gear I gain great compact-
ness, and the whole of the space below the barrel of the boiler (with the
exception of that portion occupied by the axles) for a water tank.
It will be seen by the Drawings I place the springs on the outside frame
H, H, the journals of the outside axles J, J, revolving in their axle boxes, and
the boiler being bolted to the outside frame resting on the springs; any play
the boiler may have is received on the springs on the outer frame, and con-
sequently the working machinery placed on the inside frame is totally free
from this action, being totally independent and rigid, with free action to
perform its work.
It will be observed that in order to allow the cylinders to work up to the
face of the driving wheels as close as possible, no lagging is placed on their
inner side next the wheels.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I am aware that it has
before been proposed to employ two pairs of duplex oscillating cylinders with
their piston rods connected to crank pins on the four driving wheels of a
locomotive; I do not therefore claim the same when separately considered;
nor do I claim any of the mechanical parts separately; but what I do claim is,
the combined arrangement herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Faulding, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twelfth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
JOSEPH FAULDING.
L.S.)