Improvements in and connected with the Manufacture of Lock Nuts.
Year: 1892

page_text: The decision of the Comptroller-General, of the 28th day of June 1893, allowed,
under Section 18 of the Patents, &c. Act, 1883, an Amendment of this
Specification.
Date of Application, 31st Mar., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 30th Jan., 1893-Accepted, 4th Mar., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION (AMENDED).
Improvements in and connected with the Manufacture of Lock Nuts.
I, THOMAS GARE, of 25, Booth Street, Edgeley, Stockport, in the County of
Chester, Engineer, and THOMAS SEPTIMUS ARDEMAN, of 7, Back George Street,
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
:―
This invention relates to improvements in and connected with the manufacture of
lock nuts and has for its object to provide a method and means whereby lock nuts
can be produced at a quicker and cheaper rate and are rendered more secure and
may serve as an ordinary nut.
To this end I use a metal bar or strip of very flat and slightly tapered section,
which I coil so as to form a hollow elastic body, the taper section of the metal bar
or strip facilitating its sides closing perfectly and thus give the coil a solid
appearance.
The coiling of the metal bar or strip I perform on a mandrel in a lathe or
similar tool, on the slide rest of which, I fix a former or guide piece, formed
longitudinally with a hole in which the mandrel can slide and rotate and on the
side nearest to the headstock, with a recess or groove, corresponding in section with
that of the metal bar or strip to be coiled and adapted to receive the same.
The metal bar or strip to be coiled, i.e. one end thereof is fixed to a chuck or
similar appliance on the head stock spindle, whilst the former or guide piece and
slide rest is placed against the metal bar or strip and the latter into its recess or
groove.
On the lathe being set in motion, the mandrel and fixed end of the metal bar or
strip is rotated, which causes it to be drawn through the recess or groove in
the former or guide and be coiled on its narrow edge onto the mandrel, each coil,
laying itself perfectly flat and tight against the other, by reason of the tapered
section of the metal bar or strip and of the pressure exerted by the former or
guide against the coil in a longitudinal direction, by reason of friction between the
former.or carrier slide and its bed, or the pull of a weight.
After coiling the metal bar or strip as described, the mandrel and coil together
are taken out of the lathe and placed into a milling or similar machine in which
the exterior of the coil is shaped either square, hexangular, or octangular as may
be required for different shapes of nuts. The mandrel is then drawn out of the coil
and the latter cut crosswise in distance equal to the depth of nut required, after
which they are tapped in the usual manner.
When forming the said nut of steel they may be tempered if deemed necessary.
The internal diameter of the nut I make slightly smaller than the thread to
which it is applied, in order to cause the nut to expand a little on being placed on
the thread and thus grip more tightly.
Dated this 30th day of March 1892.
F. BOSSHARDT & Co.,
Agents to Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (AMENDED)
Improvements in and connected with the Manufacture of Lock Nuts.
I, THOMAS GARE, of 25, Booth Street, Edgeley, Stockport, in the County of
Chester, Engineer, and THOMAS SEPTIMUS HARDEMAN, of 7. Back George Street,
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in and connected with the manufacture
of lock nuts and has for its object to provide a method and means whereby lock
nuts can be produced at a quicker and cheaper rate and the same are rendered
more secure and may serve as ordinary nuts.
And in order that my invention may be more fully understood I have caused to
be appended hereunto one sheet of drawings marked with letters of reference
indicating like parts in the various figures.
Fig. is a sectional elevation of a metal bar or strip from which the lock nuts
are made.
Fig. 2 is an elevation partly in section of the lathe and former or guide employed
in the coiling of the nuts.
Fig. 3 is an end view and Fig. 4 a side view of the former or guide.
Fig. 5 is an end view of the chuck or face plate of the lathe.
Fig. 6 is an elevation of a nut coil as received from the lathe.
Fig. 7 is a section of a finished nut.
Figs. 8, 9, 10 & 11, are perspective views of various forms of nuts.
In carrying out my invention I use a metal bar or strip a, see Fig. 1, of very.
flat and slightly tapered section, which I coil, by means such as hereinafter described,
so as to form a hollow elastic body b, the taper section of the metal bar or
strip a facilitating its sides closing perfectly and thus give the coil b, see Fig. 6, 2
and nuts cut from the same, see Figs. 7-11, a solid appearance:
The degree of taper the metal bar or strip a must possess, is chosen in pro-
portion to the interior diameter of the nut desired and the depth of bar or
strip a used, the smaller the interior diameter of the nut the greater is the
lateral expansion of the narrow edge of the bar or strip a in being coiled thus 3
necessitating a correspondingly stronger tapered section of the bar or strip a.
The closing of the coils 6 throughout their diameter, is due to the taper section
of the metal bar or strip a, as it provides a space for the narrow edge of the
bar or strip to expand, whilst the wider edge is proportionally reduced laterally
on being wound and thus the section of the bar or strip a changed from a taper 3
to a straight or rectangular one without causing the coils to part externally as
would be the case if a straight section of metal bar or strip would be used. This
nut is placed on the bolt, by gripping its bottom portion and removed by gripping
its top portion with a spanner, the action of the two ends on the bolt being
opposite, a portion of the nut is each time slightly expanded and thus the +
placing and removal of the nut facilitated.
The coiling of the metal bar or strip a, I perform in a lathe or similar tool,
see Fig. 2, on a mandrel c having a diameter equal to the internal diameter of the
coil to be wound, one end of which mandrel c, is fixed into a chuck or face plate d
and the other carried by a former or guide e fixed on the slide rest f and having a 4
hole for the said purpose concentric with the head stock spindle h. The side of
the former or guide e nearest the chuck or face plate d has a recess or groove i, i¹,
partly circular and concentric with the hole g and partly straight; the circular
portion in diameter corresponding with the outer diameter of the coil to be wound
and in section as well as the straight portion, with that of the metal bar or 5
strip a.

page_text: il
After the slide rest f with its former or guide e has been placed against the
chuck or face plate d one end of the metal bar or strip a to be coiled is passed
through the straight recess or groove part with its narrow edge upwards under-
neath against the mandrel c and is then fixed to the chuck or face plate d, see
Fig. 5, or similar appliance, on the head stock spindle h.
On the lathe being set in motion, the mandrel c and fixed. end of the metal bar
or strip a rotates, draws the latter through the straight recess or groove part i in
the former or guide e and coils it on its narrow edge onto the mandrel c and
into the circular recess or groove i, pressure being longitudinally exerted on the
coil by the former or guide e either through friction between the slide rest f and
its bed f, or by the pull of a weight k, each coil laying itself perfectly flat and
tight against the other by reason of the tapered section of the metal bar or strip a
and pressure exerted by the former or guide e against the coil in a longitudinal
direction.
it
may
In lieu of arranging the former or guide e longitudinally movable as described,
be arranged stationary and the mandrel and end of the bar or strip a fixed
to the head of a spindle arranged to slide in and rotate with the hollow spindle of
a headstock so as to permit the coil as it is being wound to move longitudinally
towards the headstock.
After coiling the metal bar or strip a as described, the coil is cut straight at each
end and cut through at distances equal to the depth of the nut desired, as shown in
dotted lines, Fig. 6, and afterwards placed into a milling or similar machine as will
be well understood for the purpose of shaping it externally either square, hexangular,
or octangular or milling it as may be required for different shapes of nuts, see
Figs. 8-11, after which they are tapped in the usual manner or by special means.
When forming the said nuts of steel they may be tempered if deemed necessary.
The internal diameter of the nut I make slightly smaller than the bolt to which
it is applied in order to cause the nut to expand a little on being placed on the bolt
and thus grip more tightly.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim, is-
"In and connected with the manufacture of lock nuts."
1st. A lock nut formed of a tapered sectioned metal bar or strip coiled on its
narrow edge in such a manner that each coil will lay itself tightly against the
other and the whole will form an apparent solid body, which afterwards is internally
threaded, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
2nd. In a lathe or similar apparatus, the use of a former or guide e having a
hole g and a recess or groove i, i, in combination with a mandrel c, the said former
or guide e being adapted to slide ou the mandrel c and the recess or groove i, i, to
receive the metal bar or strip a and guide it with its narrow edge onto the mandrel c
and thereby form it into a coil b for the manufacture of nuts, such as specified in
the preceding claim, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Dated this 28th day of January, 1893.
F. BOSSHARDT & Co.,
4, Corporation Street, Manchester, Agents to Applicant.