Improvements in Lamps for Heating Purposes.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Dec., 1891-Accepted, 20th Feb., 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Lamps for Heating Purposes.
I, AMÉLIE LONGUEMARE (née Amélie Lechesne) Widow of Léon Longuemare,
of 12, Rue Buisson, St. Louis, Paris, in the Republic of France, Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:--
My invention relates to mineral oil or spirit heating apparatus adapted for all
heating purposes, whether scientific, industrial or domestic.
In the accompanying drawings,-
Figure 1 is a vertical section of a heating apparatus constructed according to my
invention and suitable for use as a plumber's soldering lamp, a painter's lamp for
burning off paint and for like purposes.
Figure 2 is a front elevation of the same partly in section :
Figure 3 is a section of a curved burner tube which can be applied to the apparatus
for directing the flame:
Figure 4 is an elevation of my heating apparatus or lamp adapted to be fed with
oil or spirit from a reservoir (shewn in section) outside the lamp:
Figure 5 is a vertical section of an apparatus or lamp adapted to heat a soldering
iron:
Figure 6 is a sectional plan of the regulating device on the line 1, 2 of
Figure 5:
Figure 7 is a vertical section of a modified form of lamp for heating a soldering
iron.
In carrying out my invention, which I will first describe by reference to
Figures 1 and 2, I make use of a vessel or reservoir (cylindrical by preference)
provided with a movable handle and with a filling plug or stopper L. The top
is recessed so as to form a vessel A in which spirit or other suitable substance is
poured and burned for the purpose of heating the apparatus when commencing to
use the same.
The vessel A is traversed by two parallel inclined tubes B, D which are fitted
therein with perfectly tight joints. The lower part of the tube B which draws in
the liquid to be vapourized from the reservoir is filled with wick B¹ and the upper
part with asbestos B². The wick B' is spread out at the end of the tube and is
turned upwards and extends nearly to the top of the reservoir .c. The lower end
of the tube D which serves to vapourize the liquid drawn from the tube B is closed
by a stopper d and its upper part is provided with a plug E. The tube D is partly
filled with wick D' and partly with asbestos D'. The tubes B and D communicate
by means of a tube C which conducts the liquid which has been drawn up into
the tube B and has already become heated and vapourized into the tube D. The
liquid already has been raised to a high degree by burning spirit or the like in
the vessel A. The plug E is made with holes e, e¹ and is provided with a
regulating screw E, the point of which can be caused, as required, to wholly or
partially close communication between the two holes, a stuffing-box preventing any
escape of the vapour. By this means I am enabled to regulate the quantity of
vapour admitted into the chamber F situated immediately above and in which the
vapour becomes superheated. Between the asbestos in the tube D and the holes
of the plug E I place a piece of very fine wire-gauze which prevents the passage of
any foreign matters.
The vapour supplied by the tube D becomes temporarily stored in the chamber F
because the superficial area of the inlet holes is considerably larger than that of
the hole of the ejector-nozzle G situated in the middle of the air-inlet tube H

page_text: to which is attached the flame conductor or burner I provided with a number of
holes.
The tubes B and D are placed in an inclined position, as shewn, in order that
the heat from the spirit burned in the vessel A may effectually act upon the upper
part of the tubes, and upon the regulating plug E and the superheating chamber F
as well as upon the air tube H and the ejecting tube G, whereby the oil or spirit
which is drawn by the capillarity of the wick into the tube B is directed already
finely divided towards the tube D through the tube C.
The tube D being closed at its lower part and highly heated at its upper part
draws in the liquid which is transformed into vapour in its passage to the regulator,
the holes of the latter being as already explained larger than the hole of the nozzle
or ejector. The vapour is thus stored in the chamber F where it is superheated
and expanded and issues through the hole of the ejector-nozzle. The gas being
thus projected into the tube H and ignited in the tube I draws in the quantity of
air necessary for its combustion. The air enters the annular space in the tube H,
the cap and washer K, which arrangement has for object to prevent the
extinction of the flame by wind. The heat developed by the combustion of the
gases in the tube I is increased by the conductivity of the metal of the tubes.
The heat developed is just sufficient to allow the automatic circulation of the liquid
and of the gases created.
The upper part of the tube B is provided with a hole o in which is fitted a tube q,
the mouth of which admits the liquid in a regular quantity to the tube B and at a
regular distance from the tube C which transmits it.
To make use of the apparatus the reservoir a is filled with oil or spirit and after
having screwed the filling plug L tight and seen that the regulator is closed the
small quantity of liquid is poured into the vessel A and ignited. When the liquid
has been almost entirely consumed the regulator is slightly opened to allow the
gases to become ignited through the opening m in the tube H.
As soon as the liquid has been consumed the regulator can be fully opened or
regulated in a manner suitable for the work. If the work is liable to interruptions,
as in plumbing during the preparation for and while effecting the soldering, the
lamp can without any danger as hereinafter shewn be turned down low and be
so left.
If it be required to vary the direction of the flame issuing from the mouth of the
tube I, I make use of a curved burner tube, as shewn in Figure 3, instead of a
straight tube as in Figures 1 and 2.
The lamp illustrated in Figure 4 forms a fixed heating apparatus adapted to
work for long periods of time and suitable for such purposes as for melting type.
The lamp is fed from an outside reservoir in communication at top and bottom
with the reservoir in order that the same internal pressure shall exist in both
reservoirs. The outside reservoir is advantageously placed in a vessel containing
water, as shewn in the drawing, to prevent leakage and preserve the joints.
-1
In the examples' illustrated in Figures 5, 6 and 7 shewing my improvements
adapted to the construction of lamps for heating soldering irons, the system and
working are similar to those which I have just described; the shape alone has
been varied to adapt the apparatus to a different use.
+,
...
"It will be observed that in Figure 5 by removing the soldering iron carrier which
is only held to the apparatus by set-screws d, the apparatus. can be used as a
soldering-lamp. The apparatus is started by means of the supporting and heating,
case 'R which also serves for the workman to rest his apparatus on whilst at work.
The instrument" can be used by grasping the handle Y, Figures 5 and 7, covered,
with a
with a material being a non-conductor of heat such as a thickness of cork y
cotton covering y¹.
'
I find it preferable to use the arrangement of soldering-iron lamp shewn in
Figure 7. The vessel e contains the tube B and the tube D having a stopper d
and plug This plug placed on this side of the superheating chamber F is
Hluiti od his ad?lai buteurs
+

page_text: C is the communicating tube between the tubes B and D, which latter tubes also
communicate at C. G is the ejector-nozzle which extends from the superheating
chamber F to near the commencement of the flame conductor 1 in the air tube H.
As represented in the drawing the air tube serves to support a small plate p on
which are fixed two rods t by which the soldering iron is supported.
Amongst the advantages arising from the use of my improved heating apparatuses
may be mentioned the following, viz..
All risk of explosion is prevented for it is evident that an explosion can only be
produced by an excess of pressure in the reservoir. Now the circulation of the
liquid and the gases being effected under the conditions which I have just described,
it will be observed that the formation of the gases takes place while the apparatus is
quite cool and consequently without any pressure in the reservoir. In fact it will
be seen that the only vapourizing and superheating chamber F is closed during the
slight preliminary heating by the vessel A, and that as soon as it is opened the vapours
spread out therein, are superheated and expanded before escaping through the
opening but that it is impossible for them to flow backwards because the chamber F
is only in communication with the tube D through the medium of the crooked
holes e, e and the tube D itself has no direct communication with the reservoir.
Besides, if a backward flow were possible, the vapours would be immediately con-
densed in the asbestos and the wick. Further the vapours naturally go towards
the hottest part which is the upper part.
During work the pressure cannot rise in the reservoir, as the conducting tube H
only communicates just the amount of heat necessary for the superheating in the
chamber F.
The result is that the apparatus can work for several hours without becoming
excessively heated.
I would remark that the apparatus as illustrated in Figure 1 has been designed
to give a temperature of about 500 to 600 degrees Centigrade but a much higher
temperature can be obtained by increasing the heat, that is to say, the quantity of
liquid heating medium at the commencement. A peculiarity inherent to my
system is that I obtain a temperature proportionate to the heat employed to set the
apparatus at work.
It is obvious that to obtain a lower temperature the regulator must be more
nearly closed.
When the lamp is temporarily not required for use, it is only necessary to turn
the regulating screw E' so as to reduce the supply of the oil or spirit as much as
possible without extinguishing the lamp.
When an apparatus consumes the gas which accumulates above the liquid in the
reservoir (as has always been the case in apparatuses hitherto in use) it is evident
that the consumption of gas being almost nil with relation to the increase of the
heat an explosion must certainly occur, but in my arrangement the vapourization
only taking place by circulation, by partially closing the regulator the circulation
can be made correspondingly slow and the apparatus remains constantly in a normal
condition.
The apparatus can be entirely filled with liquid so that a small apparatus will
burn for a very long time as I do not require to employ a vapour chamber above
the liquid. Moreover the apparatus will work with any quantity of liquid until the
liquid is completely exhausted from the reservoir. In fact so long as the wick of
the reservoir receives or contains liquid the described circulation will be
produced.
The apparatus can be made of a capacity and duration as small or as large as
may be required without having to vary the parts used to set it in action and to
heat it which are independent of the reservoir.
The apparatus will work in any position. It will be observed that whatever may
be the position of the reservoir the admission of the liquid into the tube B is always
ensured. In fact the wick immersed in the liquid at its lower part is raised

page_text: towards the upper part and it will be seen that the base of the tube is situated in
the centre or on the axial line of the reservoir.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. A heating apparatus for burning mineral oil, spirit or the like consisting
essentially of a tube B filled with asbestos and wick arranged to receive the liquid
at two points at equal distances from a tube c which conducts the liquid from the
tube B to a tube D for effecting the vaporization, such tube being filled with
asbestos and wick and not being in direct communication with the reservoir; a
regulating chamber E protected by wire gauze; a chamber F for superheating the
vapour and from which extends the tube of the ejector-nozzle G; the whole
combined in a suitable reservoir and forming either a plumber's or painter's lamp etc.
a lamp for heating soldering irons etc. or a heating apparatus substantially as set
forth.
2. The use in combination with a heating apparatus of a curved flame conducting
tube for the purpose of allowing the flame to be projected in any direction without
moving the apparatus substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to
Figure 3 of the accompanying drawings.
3. The adaptation to the soldering lamp or other apparatus constructed according
to my invention of a spirit reservoir placed outside the lamp as. shewn in Figure 4
for the purpose of enabling the apparatus to work for long periods of time substan-
tially as set forth.
4. The novel lamp for heating soldering irons shewn in Figure 5 with its trough
or vessel A, tubes B D, regulating plug E, superheating chamber F, ejector-
nozzle G, air inlet tube H and conducting tube I as well as its handle Y having
the filling plug or stopper L, the whole forming an original soldering apparatus
which is set in action by means of the heating support R.
5. The improved heating apparatus hereinbefore described and illustrated in
Figures 1 and 2, Figure 4, Figure 5 and Figure 7 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated the 7th day of December 1891.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.