Improvements in Means for Operating and Controlling or Regulating the Motions of the Valves of Motive Power Engines.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 6th June, 1889
Complete Specification Left, 27th Aug., 1889-Accepted, 28th Sept., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Means for Operating and Controlling or Regulating
the Motions of the Valves of Motive Power Engines.
I DAVID JOY of 9 Victoria Chambers in the City of Westminster Engineer do
hereby declare the nature of this Invention to be as follows:-
My present Invention has reference more particularly to the Inventions for which
Letters Patent No. 2000 were granted to me as of the 11th day of July 188" and
No. 17168 as of the 13th day of December 1887 and has for its principal object
so to modify and improve the arrangements claimed under the said Patents as to perfect
and extend their application.
In my Specification of my said Patent No. 20008 I describe means for moving the
valves of motive power engines by the motive fluid admitted by a small valve worked
by gear controlled by the motion of the main valve and in the Specification of my said
Patent No. 1716887 I describe the coupling of the motions of the two valves so that
as far as the strengths of the parts of the small valve gear allow they render the move-
ment of the main valve positive.
According to my present invention in order to make the motion of the main valve
still more positive and not liable to become fixed I couple the hunting lever of the
gear of the small valve at its point of neutral action to a valve controlling the
admission of a largely increased pressure of motive fluid for the movement of the main
valve that in case of its not immediately moving when the ordinary pressure of motive
fluid is admitted to it the neutral point in the hunting lever becomes an active point
and admits the higher pressure fluid which itself acting on a non-return valve at the
same time shuts off the ordinary pressure, but on the main vàlve again assuming its
usual motion all return to the normal working or this may be effected by having two
valves coupled to the hunting lever of the gear the one controlling the ordinary
pressure of motive fluid having the ordinary lap required the other controlling the
high pressure motive fluid having an increased lap which only admits motive fluid
when any retardation of the main valve takes place. Or in place of employing a
higher pressure of the motive fluid when steami is used I may employ an injected
spray of spirit or the like which mingling with the steam increases the pressure to the
required amount or the spirit may be heated to a temperature sufficient to raise its
pressure to that required to inject it into the steam space. Also in engines where 1
employ the piston of the assistant cylinder as its own valve passing over and
uncovering ports in the side of its cylinder I arrange that these ports shall be
adjustable in width of opening by passing slides over them which are adjusted to
different degrees of opening from without so lengthening or shortening the stroke of
this piston by admitting motive fluid at different points of the piston's strokes. In the
Specification of my patent No. 1716887 I describe this cylinder as employed as an
assistant cylinder only (to assist the main valve) I now make it capable of moving the
main valve by the addition of a small valve actuated by a part of the engine itself or
by the motive fluid of the engine by admitting and exhausting the motive fluid from
either end of the cylinder independently of that admitted through the piston which
then only becomes a controlling or regulating power or these small valves may be
actuated by electricity produced and controlled by the main engine.
In case of the main valve being a Piston valve this piston may be incorporated with
it say by forming a piston at each end of the main valve each moving in its separate
small cylinder which will also be incorporated with the main valve chest and the
motive fluid admitted to either end of these small pistons may be passed to the whole
surface of the main valve and again shut off immediately on the valve getting its start.
The exhaust ports of the main valve may be so arranged with outside lap that the

page_text: escape of the exhaust motive fluid also may be employed to assist in the movement of
the valve. In case I wish to transpose or reverse the motions of a valve instead of
using levers I employ a piston and cylinder one attached to the valve and another to
the motive point making the connection between the two cylinders by oil water or
other non-elastic fluid.
I do not limit myself to the kind of motive finid I employ as it may be of any kind
that the conditions may require.
T
1000
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Means for Operating and Controlling or Regulating
the Motions of the Valves of Motive Power Engines.
I DAVID JOY of 9 Victoria Chambers in the City of Westminster Engineer do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My present invention has reference more particularly to the inventions for which
Letters Patent No. 2000 were granted to me as of the 11th day of July 1886 and
No. 17168 as of the 13th day of December 1887 and has for its principal object so to
modify and improve the arrangements claimed under the said Patents as to perfect and
extend their application.
In my Specification of my said Patent No. 2000 I describe means for moving the
valves of motive power engines by the motive fluid admitted by a small valve worked
by gear controlled by the motion of the main valve and in the Specification of my said
Patent No. 17,16887 I describe the coupling of the motions of the two valves so that to
the extent of the strengths of the parts of the small valve gear the movements of the
main valve are rendered positive.
According to my present invention in order to make the motion of the main valve
still more positive and not liable to become fixed I couple the "hunting lever" of the
gear of the small valve at its point of neutral action (during the normal working) to a
valve controlling the admission of a largely increased pressure of motive fluid for the
movement of the main valve so that in case of its not immediately moving when the
ordinary pressure of motive fluid is admitted to it the neutral point in the hunting
lever becomes an active point and admits the higher pressure fluid which itself acting
on a non-return valve at the same time shuts the inlet for the motive fluid at ordinary
pressure but on the main valve again assuming its usual motion the parts return to
their normal working positions.
I have illustrated in figures 1, 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings the manner
in which this part of my Invention may be performed, shewing my apparatus as
arranged in connection with a valve (which may be either an ordinary flat valve or a
piston valve) Figure 1 shewing it as applied on an ordinary overhead engine. The
valve is moved by motive fluid admitted to a small cylinder C the piston FI of which
is coupled directly to the rod F of the main valve. The valve gear of this small
cylinder C is or may be arranged as described in the Specification of my aforesaid
Patent No. 1716887 and as shewn in Figure 1 of the drawings attached thereto, except
so far as the fixing or partial fixing of the end of the hunting lever E is concerned.
The motive fluid usually actuating the valve is taken from any convenient place for
instance from the medium pressure valve chest of a triple cylinder steam engine and
may be say for example 50 lbs. pressure. The said motive fluid is admitted at Z by
a non-return valve Z the said motive fluid thence passing into the small valve chest
in which the valve 1) works and thence past the said valve D into the cylinder C and
actuates the piston F¹ the exhaust escaping at Y. But in case of the movement of
the piston F being retarded by water or dirt or for other cause so that it would not
be moved by the said motive fluid at normal pressure the consequent stopping or even

page_text: retardation of the end E¹ of the hunting lever destroys the neutral or stationary
condition of its other end E3 which moving either way and being attached to the
valve X by the rod moves the said valve so as to admit motive fluid from a source
of supply (coming through X) of motive fluid at a pressure higher than that normally
admitted at Z (say of 150 lbs. pressure) this pressure being of course arranged to be
sufficient to ensure the piston F' being moved thereby. On the entry of this high
pressure fluid into the valve chest of the valve D its pressure closes the non return
valve Z' and being admitted into the cylinder C by the valve D it forces the piston F¹
to move and when this is accomplished the parts return to their normal conditions the
point E3 of the hunting lever E becoming again a neutral or stationary point and the
valve shutting off the inlet from X for the higher pressure motive fluid, the lower
pressure motive fluid then of course re-entering from Z and working the valve as
before. Or the same result may be obtained by controlling the inlets for the higher
and lower pressure motive fluids by a single valve or by two valves coupled to the
hunting lever of the gear and having such movement that the valve or valves has or
have only such a length of stroke during the normal working of the engine as will
admit the lower pressure motive fluid but on the occurrence of any retardation or
obstruction has or have such further movement as to open the inlet for the higher
pressure motive fluid. When using two valves for this purpose the one (controlling
the ordinary pressure of motive fluid) has the ordinary lap required, whilst the other
(controlling the higher pressure motive fluid) has an increased lap so that it only
admits through the inlet which it governs motive fluid when any retardation of the
main valve takes place. Figure 4 shews this arrangement in a view_corresponding to
Figure 3. Both valves U and W are coupled to the hunting lever E at the point E*
(the point E³ not existing in this arrangement). The valve W controls an inlet for
the lower pressure motive fluid for normal working (say for instance at a pressure of
50 lbs.) and the other valve U being supplied with motive fluid of a higher pressure
(say for instance of 150 lbs.). The valve W has such a lap as suits the usual working
conditions of the engines, whilst the valve U has sufficient lap to keep the port which
it governs closed during the normal working and until such a retardation of the
piston F and the hunting lever E takes place as to exaggerate the motion of the said
lever at the point E4, from which these two valves are worked to an extent sufficient
to move the second or high pressure valve U beyond its extra lap so as to open the
inlet which it governs the higher pressure motive fluid being thereby admitted till it
again brings the parts back to their normal working positions the valve for the inlet
of the lower pressure motive fluid being of course closed whilst the motive fluid of
higher pressure is being admitted. By the foregoing arrangements the parts of the
gear and the pressures employed, are proportioned to work with the lower pressure
of motive fluid but in case of more force being required to move the valve, than is
supplied by the motive fluid at normal pressure the extra power required is
immediately and automatically admitted and when the requirement has been fulfilled
is immediately and automatically cut off. This higher pressure motive fluid may be
steam or other convenient motive fluid supplied either direct from the ordinary boiler
or source of supply of motive fluid or it may be raised in a special boiler; or steam
or air may be specially compressed for the purpose or spirit may be injected into the
steam, which at the same temperature as this steam will afford a much higher pressure,
or spirit may be retained in a special reservoir at the same or higher temperature
than that of the steam or the spirit may be heated to a temperature sufficient to raise
its pressure to that required to inject it into the steam space. Also in engines where
I employ the piston of the assistant cylinder as its own valve passing over and
uncovering ports in the side of its cylinder as shown for instance in Figures 4, 5 and 6
of the drawings of my specification of my said patent 1716887 I arrange that the
area of opening of the inlet port shall be adjustable which I effect by passing slides
over it which are adjusted from without to different degrees of opening so lengthening
or shortening the stroke of this piston by admitting motive fluid at different points
of the strokes of the piston. A way in which this may be effected is shewn in
Figures 5 to 8 where C is the assistant cylinder, F¹ the pist. Z the inlet port for the

page_text: motive fluid and Y the exhaust port and S¹ and S³ the ports in the piston. I vary
the area of opening of the inlet port Z which was before a fixed quantity, by forming
its surfaces T2 T3 as plates or sliders embedded in the cylinder casting recessed to
form an inlet at t and capable of being separated or brought together which may be
conveniently done by means of a spindle provided with a double arm, lever
engaging with the two plates TT3 as shown clearly in Figure 7 so as to simultaneously
move them towards each other or away from each other. This adjustment may
however be effected by any other suitable means for actuating said plates from
outside. In the Specification of my Patent No. 1716887 1 describe this cylinder as
employed as an assistant cylinder only (to assist the main valve) I now make it
capable of moving the main valve by the addition of a small valve actuated by a
part of the engine itself, or by the motive fluid of the engine by admitting and
exhausting the motive fluid from either end of the cylinder independently of that
admitted through the piston which then only becomes a controlling or regulating
power.
In case of the main valve being a piston valve this piston may be incorporated
with it say by forming a piston at each end of the main valve each moving in
its separate small cylinder which will also be incorporated with the main valve
chest and the motive fluid admitted to either end of these small pistons may be
passed to the whole surface of the main valve and be again shut off immediately
on the valve getting its start. The exhaust ports of the main valve may be so
arranged with outside lap that the escape of the exhaust motive fluid also may be
employed to assist in the movement of the valve.
An arrangement according to this part of my Invention is shewn in section in
Figure 9 where the main valve M is made as a piston valve and its two ends W¹
and W2 are made as pistons moving in cylinders in the lids of the main valve
chest. The motive power (say steam from the engine) is admitted to and exhausted
from these cylinders alternately by a small valve O worked from a lever 1² operated
by the engine, the motive fluid passing to the cylinder in the cover at the opposite
end to the valve O through a perforation m in the valve M and a pipe m² which
fits in the perforation m which moves thereover. This lever 12 is reversible and
so reverses the admission of motive fluid by the small valve O. Thus the main
valve M gets its entire movement both ways by the motive fluid so admitted. But
it receives also a motive fluid control in opposition to this by motive fluid passed
through the middle inlet port at t by the ports S1 S2 in the valve as before
described and as these ports are controllable, the length of stroke of the valve and
so also the amount of motive fluid admitted by it are controlled.
To assist in starting the movement of the main valve M small ports p¹ p² may
be formed in the ends of the pistons W1 W2 and in the small cylinders in which
they work which ports will only open to pass steam through to the full surface of
the valve M for a moment at starting but its continued motion may be assisted by
adding a lap over the exhaust port as at V V. which will retain the exhaust motive
fluid until it has opened the valve.
In case I wish to transpose or reverse the motions of a valve instead of using
levers I employ a piston and cylinder, one attached to the valve and another to the
motive point and I make the connection between the two cylinders by oil water
or other non-elastic fluid.
This is illustrated by Figure 10 where the two cylinders are marked r¹ and
pistons y y the one connected to the moving power by the rod y3 and .the other
connected by the rod y to the valve to be moved and the spaces between the
pistons y y being filled with oil water or other non-elastic or practically non-elastic
fluid so that every movement of either of the pistons will be transferred to the other
of such pistons.
I do not limit myself to the kind of motive fluid I employ as it may be of any
kind that the conditions may require, nor do I limit myself to the precise details
illustrated in the drawings as they can be varied without departing from the
nature of my Invention,

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what i
claim is :-
1. In combination with the valves of fluid pressure engines an inlet for motive
fluid of normal pressure to work the valve and an inlet for motive fluid of a
higher pressure and means in connection therewith, substantially as described so
that should the valvular arrangements of the engine be retarded or obstructed
the higher pressure motive fluid is admitted to cause the valve to be operated.
2. In combination with the valves of fluid pressure engines the cylinder (C) and
its piston having a rod connected to a lever to which is attached the rod of the
valve (1) which controls the passage of motive fluid the said lever having at its-
other end a point of connection upon which it moves as a fixed centre during the
normal working of the engine the said point being connected to a valve X' which
is stationary during the normal working of the engine but which when the valvular
arrangements are retarded or obstructed moves to admit motive fluid of a higher
than normal pressure substantially as hereinbefore described with reference more
especially to Figures 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings.
3. The arrangement and combination of parts as hereinbefore described and shewn
in Figures 2. and 3. of the accompanying drawings.
4. The combination with the valves of fluid pressure engines of two inlets for
motive fluid to move the valve one inlet admitting motive fluid to work the valve
during the normal operation of the engine and the other inlet being for admitting
motive fluid of a higher pressure and a valve or valves which during the normal
working only open the inlet for the lower pressure but on any retardation or
obstruction to the operation of the valvular arrangements occurring such movement
is given to the valve or valves as to admit the higher pressure motive fluid sub-
stantially as herein before described.
5. An arrangement for adjusting port openings substantially as hereinbefore
explained with reference to, and also the particular arrangement illustrated in,
figures 5 to 8 of the accompanying drawings.
6. An arrangement for the purpose hereinbefore described with reference to
Figure 9. of the accompanying drawings and also the particular arrangement
illustrated by the said Figure."
7. For reversing or transposing the motions of, or for, valves of motive power
engines the arrangement substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by
Figure 10 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this Second day of August. 1889