matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IM- PROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Tubbs at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th November 1875.
I, HENRY TUBBS, of Clifton Street, Dane Hill, Margate, in the County
of Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to roller skates, in which the parallel action or.
position of the rollers is produced after a curvilinear action by rubber
springs bearing upon each side of a flattened portion of the axle.
The Invention consists in fitting a couple of hollow brackets on the
under side of the footboard, and passing a plain exterior bolt down into
each of the brackets from the upper side, and another bolt, but threaded
upon the exterior, from the under side. This latter bolt takes into a
tapped threaded portion of the first-mentioned bolt, and affords the
means of tightening one towards or against the other, and thereby com-
pressing to the desired extent two pieces of rubber tubing or washers,
both of which bear against a flattened portion of the axle on either side
to return the rollers into a parallel position after a curvilinear action by

page_text: a canting or tilting of the footboard has taken place. The flattened
portion of each of the axles has a hole bored or otherwise formed in it
for the threaded stem of the outer bolt to pass through, and thereby hold
the axle in place. Any amount of side or tilt motion can be given to
the footboard to bring the inner or the outer pair of rollers closer
together. to effect a sharp curve movement, the sides of the brackets
being slotted for the axle to ride
up in.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING SPIKES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th December 1875.-A communication from abroad by Worcester
Haddock, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
MANUFACTURING SPIKES," a communication, to be as follows:-
-
The nature of my Invention consists in the combination of a heading,
stationary die, pointing and severing rolls, grippers, an adjustable guide.
and stripper, and a conductor or guide, all so arranged and operating
with relation to each other that while the rolls have a continuous
motion, the spike blank and the bar from which it is formed are held in
a fixed position during the operation of forming the head upon the spike,
which is subsequently forced from the machine by the iron entering it
for the formation of another blank and headed spike.
I use a yielding and adjustable stripper and guide in combination with
the severing rolls and stationary die; also an adjusting wedge and set

page_text: screw in combination with the heading die. I combine cams and a
spring with the header operating with the proper relation to the said
rolls, stationary die, and grippers; and a wheel and spring in com-
bination with the grippers, the rolls, and header. One of the said
grippers is operated through the medium of one of the cams, and a lever
rod and spring in combination with the stationary die and header. The
other gripper operates with relation to the severing rolls, having recesses
and dies, said rolls having a continuous motion.
As the bar from which the spikes are made comes from the rolls in its
last pass through them, the end of the bar is placed through the opening
of the gripper and enters the guide and groove, and the surfaces of the
rolls impinging on the bar draw and force it forward into the stationary
die. The points of the dies coming directly opposite to each other will
nearly cut off the blank from the spike. One of the grippers impinges
on the bar and holds it firmly in the guide, at the same time the rolls
continue their motion, causing the dies to sever the blank from the bar
and carry it forward into the stationary die, so that sufficient iron will
project beyond the vertical face of the die to form the head of the spike;
at this point one of the grippers forces the blank up firmly against the
stationary die, holding the blank until the header forms the head upon
the blank; the header then moves back and the grippers release the bar,
and the said surfaces draw it in for the formation of another blank and
spike. The iron entering the stationary die forces out the finished spike
which drops from the machine. The recesses in one of the rolls keep
the other rolls from impinging upon the bar, and allow the rolls to have
a continuous motion, while the blank and bar are held in a fixed position
during the operation of forming the head on the spike.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FOUNDRY DRYING STOVES FOR DRYING MOULDS AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Fisher at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st.
September 1875.
•
I, HENRY FISHER, of the Town and County of Newcastle-on-Tyne,
Ironfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FOUNDRY DRYING STOVES FOR DRYING MOULDS AND OTHER
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention of improvements in foundry drying stoves for drying
moulds and other articles is designed to increase the efficiency of
foundry stoves for drying moulds and cores, to prevent the loss of heat
which with ordinary foundry drying stoves takes place not only when
the stove doors are opened for the purpose of taking out, replacing, or
examining the moulds, but also at the tops of the doors when closed,
and to make more available for use the whole of the interior of the stove.
To effect these objects I so construct the stove as to form above the heads
of the doors a large chamber into which the heated air will ascend, and
within which chamber such air will remain when the doors are opened
to take out, put in, or examine the moulds and cores,

page_text: In order to fully utilize the heated air in this chamber I provide for
the raising up into it of the moulds and cores either by lifting the frames,
plates, or "bogies" (upon which the moulds and cores are constructed)
by mechanical means, or by making the floor of the stove moveable
either-wholly-or-in.sections, so that the whole or any part with the
moulds and cores upon it may be raised into the upper and hottest-part-
of the stove. When the floor of the stove is arranged to be lifted I
propose to effect the lifting by racks and pinions or by revolving vertical
screws or other suitable mechanical power to ensure steady lifting
motion. When the moulds and cores are lifted either separately or with
the floor of the stove into the upper chamber, the lower portion of the
stove may be used for the preliminary drying of the moulds and cores
to be afterwards further dried in the upper chamber or not as may be
necessary.
. This Invention is applicable to foundry drying stoves designed for the:
use in the fires of coal, of coke, or of waste gases, such as those from
blast furnaces or from cupolas when blowing or the waste heat from
regenerative furnaces may be used when available, the men when
working in the stove being underneath and out of danger from noxious
effect of the gases.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Fleming Brown at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th July 1875.
I, JAMES FLEMING BROWN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING," to be as follows, that is to say
-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in weaving gauze or
leno fabrics, is applicable to looms, whether operated by hand or power.
In weaving such fabrics according to this Invention every thread of
warp is caused to pass through a separate droop, and each droop passes
through the eyes of two heddles or standards in such a manner that the
eye of the droop is situated between the two heddles or standards. Two
of the droops may pass through eyes in the same two standards or
heddles, in which case each standard or heddle is or may be formed with
two eyes, that is to say, an eye for each droop, or both droops may pass
through one eye in each heddle or standard The ends of each droop are
both led in the same direction, that is to say, both ends of the droop
either pass upwards or downwards to the top or bottom heddle shaft; or

page_text: in lieu of this arrangement one end of the droop may pass upwards,
whilst its opposite end is conducted downwards.
In weaving plain gauze or leno the standards or heddles are attached
by their ends to rods or heddle shafts, which are oporated upwards and
downwards by treddles or by a rocking shaft, and the droops situate on
separate rods or shafts are slackened or tightened also by treddles or by
a rocking shaft.
Plain weaving may be introduced into the fabric woven in the manner
herein-before described if desired.
For jacquard work one thread of each spht has its droop, and two
standards attached to the harness yarn, besides being attached to a
heddle shaft, and these are raised and depressed as the pattern requires,
whilst the droops and standards not required to be raised for the pattern
are carried downwards with the other portion of the yarn.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BORING AND CUTTING SIMULTANEOUSLY
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Grigor McGillivray at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th June 1875.
I, JOHN GRIGOR M'GILLIVRAY, of Stonehouse, Plymouth, in the
County of Devon, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BORING AND CUTTING SIMULTANEOUSLY,”
to be as follows :—
This Invention consists of a framework of wood or metal, on which is
mounted any required number of properly spaced spindles having
adjustable cutters on the end and neck of each, by the rotation of which
all the slotted holes necessary for a post suitable for fencing of railways
or farms can be cut by one movement and simultaneously, thus saving
much time, labor, and expense.
Each spindle is driven from a pulley keyed on it, and any ordinary
fence post being clamped on the moveable table resting on the frame
can be pressed against the cutting ends of the spindles by working a
feed screw on the side of the frame parallel to the clamped post. Whilst
each spindle has thus penetrated quite through each hole thus sought to

page_text: be bored, by simply turning another feed screw at the end of the frame
the table with the post on it is made to traverse at right angles to its
first motion, thus pressing the wood of the post against the necks of the
spindles (which have not yet been removed or withdrawn from the holes
they have bored). Now each of these spindle necks having cutting
collars secured on them, the holes are thus elongated or slotted very
rapidly until they reach the size required to admit the rail for the
fence.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SQUEEZING LEMONS AND SUCH LIKE FRUIT
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Achille Alphonse Piel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th December 1875.
I, ACHILLE ALPHONSE PIEL, of Boulevard Saint Denis, No. 1, at
Paris, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SQUEEZING LEMONS AND SUCH LIKE FRUIT," to
be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to effect the squeezing of lemons and
such like fruit at table, and at the same time to avoid soiling the hands
or scattering the juice, and is designed to form a portion of the ordinary
table service.
The apparatus consists of a receptacle of glass, porcelain, crystal,
ivory, bone, wood, or other material, or of galvanized metal which will
not be affected by the acid. The receptacle for the lemon to be
squeezed is of cylindric, spherical, or other form, and is divided into
two compartments, an upper and a lower one by a perforated division
plate or grating which may be of a piece with the receptacle or be
detachable, and said receptacle has at-its lowest extremity an opening

page_text: or tap by which the juice passes, or is drawn off from the receptacle.
The receptacle is provided with a metal rim for the reception of a cover
secured by screw, bayonet, or other. fastening.
In the interior of the receptacle is a piston, the rod of which is
threaded or screwed and passes through a tight packing in the cover,
said rod being furnished with a longitudinal groove which slides
vertically upon a stud in the neck of the cover. On the said cover is
fitted a socket in two parts, in which works a collar or set screw fitted
with a toothed wheel gearing with a worm wheel which is actuated by a
handle or winch.
The collar upon which is fitted the toothed wheel is tapped, or is
provided with a female screw which works upon the threaded rod of the
piston or squeezer, so that said piston is raised or lowered as required by
turning the handle to the right or left as the case may be.
It is obvious that the piston or squeezer may be actuated by a handle
or wheel attached directly to the rod of said piston, which rod would in
this case work through a set screw as before described, but the toothed
and worm wheels would be dispensed with.
The apparatus is set into or upon a stand which may run unón castors.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EAR PENDANTS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmond Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th November 1875.
I, EDMOND JOHNSON, of 94, Grafton Street, in the City of Dublin,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN EAR PENDANTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in ear pendants.
Ear pendants as at prèsent constructed are liable to be lost by the
hook working up and escaping from the hole in the ear, and if the
earring is secured by a clasp or catch after being passed through the ear
it is difficult and inconvenient to take the earring on and off.
-
The object of my Invention is to avoid these objections, and consists
in connecting the pair of car pendants by a chain, which passes under
the chin of the wearer; thus it is impossible to lose the earrings however
insecurely they may be fastened, as immediately one drops out of the

page_text: ear the loss is made apparent by the whole weight of the pair of ear-
rings and chain falling upon the other ear, and by the swinging of the
loose pendant at the end of the chain.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONNECTIONS OF APPARATUS FOR WITHDRAWING LIQUIDS FROM CASKS OR STORE CISTERNS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Crowther at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
November 1875.
I, ALFRED CROWTHER, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Licensed
Victualler, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONNECTIONS OF APPARATUS FOR WITHDRAWING LIQUIDS
FROM CASKS OR STORE CISTERNS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates principally to apparatus for drawing off malt
liquors from casks, but is also applicable in the drawing off of oil or
other liquid from casks or cisterns.
In apparatus for drawing off malt liquors a pump is connected by
means of piping with the cask containing the liquor, and in one form
of apparatus a tube has been introduced into the cask through a socket
fitted to be driven into the hole in the cask, and provided with a stuffing
box.
According to my Invention I form the said socket with a tap or
cock, and either with a stuffing box or with a recess to receive a cupped

page_text: leather. The plug of the said cock is formed with a passage sufficiently
large to clear the said tube. The upper end of the said tube is provided
with a stop-cock with an union to couple with the piping connected
with the beer engine, and also with a back pressure valve, which sustains
the column of liquor in the connecting pipe.
I consider the said back pressure valve to be an important feature of
my Invention, as it tends to prevent the back or return flow of liquor
into the cask.
When a cask is to be connected the said socket is driven into the
head in the usual manner, the cask standing "end up," and the said 1
cock being closed; the end of the said tube is then pushed through the
said stuffing box or cupped leather, and the cock is opened and the
tube pushed down into the cask as far as desirable.
The apparatus may also be applied to a cask lying on its side, in
which case I may form or fit the aforesaid plug with an enlargement to
fit the bung hole of the cask.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SEWAGE
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mark French Anderson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th May 1875.
I, MARK FRENCH ANDERSON, Licentiate, Royal College of Physicians,
.Edinburgh, Member of the Royal College of Surgeons, England, of 15,
Priory Row, Coventry, in the County of Warwick, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT
OF SEWAGE," to be as follows :-
This Invention has for its object to facilitate the drying of the sludge
or deposit obtained by the precipitation of the solid matters from sewage
waters, either by the addition of alumina or of other matters to the
sewage, or by mere subsidence in settling tanks.
Heretofore great difficulty has been experienced in drying this sludge
or deposit, and great expense has been entailed in the erection of
drying sheds, buildings, apparatus, and machinery for evaporating off
or otherwise getting rid of the moisture contained in it.
According to this Invention in order to bring the sludge into a dry
state, and to enrich it as a manure I incorporate therewith coprolite,

page_text: .
phosphorite, or ground bone, together with sulphuric acid. The relative
and proportionate quantities of coprolite, phosphorite, or ground bones,
will vary with the amount of moisture contained in the sludge, but the
relative proportions of coprolite, phosphorite, or bones, and of acid should
be based on the laws which govern or rule the admixture of sulphuric
acid and bones, or other form of insoluble tribasic phosphate with the
view of converting the same into a soluble. biphosphate in the manner
well understood by artificial manure makers. By this means the
coprolite or insoluble phosphate is transformed into a soluble or partially
soluble phosphate at the same time that the moisture is absorbed from
the sludge or sewage deposit, from the fact that the moisture enters into
combination with the sulphate of lime, formed as water of crystallization
or combination, in which form it becomes latent. By this means not
only will the sludge or deposit, be rapidly and quickly reduced to a dried
state, but will also be materially enriched and rendered valuable as a
manure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BASKETS AND BAGS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Jones at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th August
1875.
I, ALFRED JONES, of Athelstan Villas, Tollington Park, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BASKETS AND BAGS," to be as
follows:-
I take slips of wood twelve to eighteen inches long, one inch wide
and about one-thirtieth of an inch thick more or less in each case; I
then notch the slips at the edge in three or more places in the centre,
and weave them together by three or more loops of twine or wire of the
required length and placed side by side, these loops being secured or
made tight by being passed round pegs; I then insert the slips one by
one on either side and draw them up tight; each slip being notched laps
over the other and is secured separately by weaving, resembling in
appearance a Venetian blind; wlien sufficient slips are woven together
to form the two separate sides of the basket the twine or wire is secured
by knots and cut off, the ends being left long enough to tie up the
mouth of the basket or bag. The two sides being finished I glue or

page_text: otherwise stick them together with strips of canvas or cloth of the
required width at the sides and bottom; I then pass a sufficient length
of coir fibre or other suitable material round the basket or bag to form
the handle which also strengthens the basket or bag, which is then
finished.
IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Major Hon John Colborne
and Captain Thomas Clement Belmore St. George at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with their, Petition, on the 16th
September 1875.
We, Major Hone. JOHN COLBORNE, of the Wanderers' Club, Pall
Mall, and Captain THOMAS CLEMENT BELMORE ST. GEORGE, of St. James',
both in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING AND
APPLYING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows (that is to say) :—
My Invention has reference to the construction of motive power
machinery to be employed for giving direct rotary or receprocating
motion to various kinds of mechanism, such as to the propulsion
of ships, and giving motion to pumps,,carriages upon railways or
common roads, as also for self-acting toys, sewing machines, domestic
and other contrivances requiring to be driven by a simple and inexpensive
force in lieu of steam or otherwise, and consists of two or more
spherical or other formed receptacles connected together by pipes or
passages, and charged with quicksilver, water, spirit, or other liquid so
.

page_text: as to oscillate upon a common axis, or made to revolve within or upon
the periphery of a wheel or drum in such manner that on the lower
charged, receptacle being brough in contact with heat or chemically
acted upon the water or other fluid in the aforesaid receptacle on being
displaced by superficial vaporization shall be transferred to the higher
one or the next in succession on the wheel or drum, thereby causing
the same to revolve or oscillate-by-the gravitating influence of the
-weight of one receptacle over another with or without the assistance of
external buoyancy from boiling water; thus by the agency of burning
glasses, flame, steam, or fire acting upon the enclosed fluid, or by acids
and metals gives and communicates the motion to other mechanism as
aforesaid, in connection with which a double-action bellows may be
made to discharge air from the stern of a vessel for propelling it through
the water, or communicate motion to any ordinary screw or other
propeller.
1
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR STEERING STEAM SHIPS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Absalom and Edward.
Griffiths at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their.
Petition, on the 14th January 1875.
We, WILLIAM ABSALOM and EDWARD GRIFFITHS, both of Liverpool,
in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of tho said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR STEERING
STEAM SHIPS," to be as follows :—
Our Invention relates to a method of steering steam ships by
transmitting motion from the screw, paddle, or other shaft of the said
steam ship to the steering shaft and rudder of such steam ship, and to
apparatus for carrying the before-mentioned method of steering steam
ships into operation,
In carrying our Invention into effect we fit a chain wheel or pulley
on (in the case of a screw steamer) the scrow shaft. Round this wheel
wo pass an endless chain, rope, or band, which passes up to the deck or
position required for steering. This endless chain is arranged to drive
two loose pulleys in reverse direction, namely, to port and starboard.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CUTTING AND CHASING BOLTS, STUDS, SCREWS, AND SUCH LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Henry Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th July 1875.
I, JAMES HENRY SMITH, of Albion Works, London Fields, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CUTTING AND CHASING
BOLTS, STUDS, SCREWS, AND SUCH LIKE ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the cutting and chasing of bolts,
studs, screws, and for screw making, and consists in the adaptation of
an ordinary scroll or universal chuck for this purpose:
According to my Invention I apply a tool or cutter to one or more of
the jaws or dogs of any existing adjustable chuck, and when so applied
the chuck may be employed for use in cutting bolts, studs, screws, and
the like When the chuck is to be employed as a screw maker or
chaser in place of the aforesaid tool or cutter I substitute a die or
chaser to one or more of the aforesaid jaws of the chuck, and it may
then be employed as a screw maker or chaser. The Jaws or dogs of the
chuck being so constructed as to carry the tool or chaser, the said tool

page_text: or chaser being affixed to the jaws by screws or in any other convenient
manner.
The advantages of my improvements are,-
Firstly. That they can be applied to any existing adjustable chuck,
but more especially to scroll chucks.
Secondly. When so applied bolts or screws of any size within the
capacity of the chuck can be cut and finished without recourse to the
turning lathe, or any other special machine for that purpose.
Thirdly. By removing or throwing out of action the aforesaid
tool or tools or cutters and substituting screw dies or chasers, an
adjustable screw maker is produced which can be used for making any
size screw within the said capacity of the chuck, or by using a chaser
and cutter at the same time the work can be turned, chased, and
threaded at one operation. When the said tools, chasers, or dies, are
removed or out of action the chuck may be used as an ordinary holding
chuck.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WHEEL TYRES, AND APPARATUS FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Clement Swinnerton Dyer, of Westhope,
in the County of Salop, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF WHEEL TYRES, AND APPARATUS FOR THAT PURPOSE."
Sealed the 23rd December 1875, and dated the 28th October 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Clement
Swinnerton Dyer at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with his Petition, on the 28th October 1875.
I, HENRY CLEMENT SWINNERTON DYER, of Westhope, in the County
of Salop, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "“Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WHEEL TYRES, AND APPARATUS FOR THAT
PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a process and apparatus for manufacturing
wheel tyres, whereby I am enabled to prepare a number of such tyres
at one operation. For this purpose I provide a hollow cylinder or blank

page_text: of iron or steel, but preferably when the tyres are to be flanged for
railway wheels of sound compressed steel, such as that known as
Whitworth's compressed metal. This blank is considerably smaller in
diameter than the finished tyre, but of such length as to include a
number of such tyres side by side. Having heated the blank I place
within it a roller which I mount in sliding bearings near a roller
revolving in fixed bearings; I then by means of screws, hydraulic
pressure, or otherwise, force the roller and blank up against the revolving
roll, thus squeezing the blank between the two rolls until it is rolled out
to the desired dimensions.
For flanged tyres the external roll is made with grooves corresponding
to the flanges, and two rolls, a roughing and a finishing roll, may be
successively. applied in the following manner :-I mount these rolls
opposite to one another, and the internal roll and blank between them,
and cause the latter to bear first against the one roll and then against
the other.
When several sets of rolls are required the internal roll and blank
may be mounted on a moveable frame or platform, which can be shifted
laterally so as to bring the blank to face the several rolls successively.
The tyres thus rolled in one piece may be parted off from each other
either in the process of rolling or afterwards, as may be found most
advantageous. In the latter case a number of tyres having been rolled,
as above described, to nearly their finished form, but still adhering
together in one piece, this piece may be chucked in a lathe, and all the
tyres may be bored out to the desired internal dimension, whereupon the
tyres can be separated successively by a parting tool.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY BREAKS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adam Burdess at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
March 1875.
I, ADAM BURDESS, of Coventry, in the County of Warwick, Watch
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY BREAKS," to be as follows:-
The object of my present Invention is to work railway carriage breaks
by the action of the buffer rods (according to the Provisional Specifi-
cation filed by me, being No. 329, A.D. 1875), in conjunction with the
ordinary vertical rod and lever arrangement now in general use, and
thus to avoid the expense to railway companies of removing their
present break blocks, and their adenda when adopting my said previous
Invention.
The method of accomplishing my said object is as follows:-Instead
of permanently attaching the lower end of the vertical actuating rod to
the break levers, as is usually done in the latter arrangement, I propose
to fit or place the said rod near its lower end in independent bearings or
guides and free of the break levers, but so situate that when the hand

page_text: lever above is turned the said vertical rod is lowered, and brought into
contact, or connected by screw or other suitable arrangement with the
break levers and operates the break or breaks in the usual way. At the
same time by this improvement the breaks can be operated by the
action of the buffers as before specified, or by each method separately.
E
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING CARRIAGE ROADS AND FOOTWAYS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Whittard at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
November 1875.
I, CHARLES WHITTARD, of 121, Fleet Street, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN CONSTRUCTING CARRIAGE ROADS AND FOOTWAYS," to be as follows :-
The employment or use of knapped or broken ironstone, or iron ore,
or other broken metallic substances, or the refuse of iron or other
mineral mines with or without the admixture of oleaginous or other
shale, or other adhesive or binding liquids or substances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN JACQUARDS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Baker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th January
1875.
I, RICHARD BAKER, of the Town and County of the Town of
Nottingham, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN JACQUARDS," to be as follows :-
My improvements are contained in three modifications.
In the first modification I employ vertical single hooked wires lying
in slots in two plates, one near the upper end and the other near the
lower end of the wires, the hooks of these wires are thrown clear of the
grid usually employed by means of horizontal needles which are
traversed by cards on a cylinder at one end of the needles; each needle
instead of an eye through which the hooks are threaded in the usual
way has a projection on one side which presses the hook clear of the
grid when the card is not punched, and when the card is "punched the
hooks lying over the grid are lifted by its rising clear of the projections
on the needles. The upper slotted plate allows the stems of the hooks to
slide in it when operated by the card, thus dispensing with the coiled

page_text: springs heretofore employed on the needles, and thereby avoiding
considerable friction.
The second modification consists of vertical double hooked wires
operated as above described, and also by a second grid lower than the
first, this second grid is thrown in or out of gear so as to rise or not by
means of a toothed wheel intermittently racked by a clawker; this wheel
carries a slotted rim, each slot in which allows a hook or clawker to fall
into it, and lifts the grid as it rises.
The third modification consists of vertical double hooked wires
supported by the lower slotted plate; each hook is operated alternately
or otherwise by an horizontal needle having a projection or crank on
one of its sides which operates two hooks; the needles are traversed by
cards on two cylinders, one at each end of the needles.
In each of the above modifications the lower end of the hooked wires
have lashes or cords secured to them for operating a dropper, thread, or
their equivalent. The lifting of the first named grid and the racking of
the cylinder or cylinders are effected in the usual way.
Year: 1875

page_text: Independently of the ground design, which can be if necessary limited
to lines, stripes, or blanks, another design may be placed over it to
further vary the effect of my new fabric.
Instead of printing upon the fabric the printing can be applied to
the threads in skeins, and to the warps, which can then be woven and
fulled.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SLUICE AND SLIDE VALVES TO REGULATE THE FLOW OF STEAM, WATER, AND OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Mallinson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
May 1875.
I, JAMES MALLINSON, of Welwyn, in the County of Herts, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SLUICE
AND SLIDE VALVES TO REGULATE THE FLOW OF STEAM, WATER, AND OTHER FLUIDS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in sluice and slide
valves to regulate the flow of steam, water, and other fluids.
In the Specification of a former Patent granted to me, No. 752, in the
year 1874, I have described the construction of cocks rendered tight not
by the truth of the metal fitting as theretofore, but by packing applied
around the plug and between the water ways or passages in the shell.
Since filing the said Specification I have discovered that packing may be
applied so as to render sluice or slide valves fluid tight, and also in what
way the packing should be applied.
In sluice or slide valves the water or fluid way in the body or main
casting is opened or closed by means of a block sliding at right angles

page_text: to the direction of flow. The block is contained in a chamber into
which a screw which causes the block to traverse enters, and the
block has a passage through it which can thus at pleasure be made to
correspond or otherwise with the fluid way, so as to permit or interrupt
the passage.
I form around the fluid way in the body or main casting raised ribs
or lips, and outside these and all around the fluid way in each case I
form a cavity or channel to receive packing. The body is open at the
two sides to allow the packing to be inserted, and when the packing has
been put in with a caulking tool or otherwise covers are fixed over the
side openings, and they hold the packing securely in its places. The
sliding block or sluice works between the packing, and thus the
tightness of the joint is independent altogether of accuracy of metal
fitting.
Sometimes I make the block taper transversely, so that in screwing:
the cover home the tightness of the block against the packings may be
regulated. When adopting this construction I give a little play to the
nut which working with the screw lifts the block.
Sometimes in place of providing side openings in the body I have the
openings at the top and bottom, and I arrange the lifting and lowering :
screw in one of the covers or bonnets. I arrange the packing in this
case to surround the sliding block.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TABLE KNIVES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Andrews at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th November 1875.
I, GEORGE HENRY ANDREWS, of New Brentford, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TABLE KNIVES," to be as follows :-
-
The Invention comprises the constructing table knives of two or of
three principal members or parts, as hercin-after explained. One of
such members or parts being a removeable blade or cutter, and the other
or others constituting a compound or prolonged handle, by which
expression I intend a handle proper, more or less similar to an ordinary
knife handle, of ivory, bone, or any convenient material, and a stock or
prolongation thereof in metal fixed to or in one with the handle proper,
and adapted at one extremity for the reception of the removeable blade
or cutter. The blade or cutter is of a very short length in comparison
with those of ordinary table knives, which it is submitted are (as table
knives) effective for their use only at and near to the extremity.
The blades of the improved table knives will be of steel or metal, and
have in some, if not all cases, a socket fitting or equivalent with or

page_text: without a spring, or clip, or latch, as the means of attachment to the
stock or prolongation of the handle proper. This prolongation will
admit of ornamentation, and if made of silver and employed in com-
bination with an ivory handle, the blade being of steel, properly polished
or plated, a better effect will be produced, and the table knife will be
better adapted for use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLINGS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES, TRUCKS, OR OTHER BUCH VEHICLES
Year: 1875

page_text: vi Hood add a alten work
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danborny priton-lle n yd
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Kilburn, John Edward
Kilburn, and Elijah Greenwood at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 10th March 1875.
We, RICHARD KILBURN, Mechanic, JoHN EDWARD KILBURN,
Mechanic, and ELIJAH GREENWOOD, Wire Drawer, all of Pendleton, in
the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLINGS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES, TRUCKS,
OR OTHER BUCH VEHICLES," to be as follows:
-
Our Invention consists in an arrangement of coupling by a self-acting
process, and by which a disengagement may be effected without the
necessity of an official placing himself between the vehicles.
Upon the end of the vehicle is a bracket which carries a short shaft,
on which is mounted a lever provided with a hook at its outward end,
and which is borne downward by a spring or weight, but which is
capable of being turned upward against the force of the said spring or
weight.

page_text: apparatus on the next vehicle, and the required coupling is thus effected
by a self-acting process.
When it is desired to uncouple one vehicle from another the hook is
turned upward against the force of the spring or weight, and this we
propose to do by causing a stud to pass along an incline formed upon t
the back end of the hook lever, the said stud being put in motion by a
sliding bar which has a handle on each side of the vehicle, or any suitable
lever may be employed for that purpose, and a cam may be substituted
for the aforesaid inclino.
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR CONNECTING BOBBINS AND SPINDLES TOGETHER IN THE PROCESSES OF SPINNING AND DOUBLING
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Shaw at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th July
1875.
I, JOHN SHAW, of Dewsbury, in the County of York, Bobbin Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR CONNECTING BOBBINS AND SPINDLES
TOGETHER IN THE PROCESSES OF SPINNING AND DOUBLING," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to ensure the rotation of the bobbins
along with the spindles during either of the processes of spinning or
doubling; and my Invention consists in the employment of a metal
collar or flange with a projection on one side across the face of the said
collar or flange. The collar or flange is perforated or bored to the exact
dimension of the spindle at the part where it is to be placed. When
placed on the spindle the projection is on the upper side and enters into
a corresponding groove cut or formed in the bottom of the bobbin.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHERS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Ludolph at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
May 1875.
"
I, LOUIS LUDOLPH, of 2, Richmond Villas, Crouch End, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHERS,'
to be as follows:-
Hitherto washers have been ordinarily manufactured of leather or
vulcanite, but the disadvantages attendant upon such mode of manu-
facture are that such washers soon become useless owing to their total
loss of elasticity, besides which they are expensive in manufacture.
Now I have discovered that washers manufactured from prepared
paper are far more durable and economical, at the same time they are
quite as effective as those heretofore employed.
To carry out my Invention I proceed as follows:-I make a washer
of any ordinary paper or cardboard. These washers I cut out in the
ordinary manner by means of the usual machinery employed for that
purpose. Whenever the washer collapses or shrinks either through

page_text: becoming dry or from the great degree of pressure brought to bear upon
it, instead of becoming useless as those now in use, it only requires to be
removed and soaked in water, when the action of the water upon it
causes it to swell up and regain its elasticity. It thus becomes
* practically as available for all purposes of utility as when first manu-
factured, while by my Invention great economy and facility in manu-
facture are combined.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS OR FASTENINGS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nathan Ager at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
August 1875.
I, NATHAN AGER, of Grosvenor Road, Pimlico, in the County of
Middlesex, Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS OR FASTENINGS FOR RAILWAY
CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
AND
OTHER
The object of this Invention is to produce a self-acting safety fastening
for the doors of railway and other carriages, and which will lock and
securely fasten the door by simply closing the same, and without the
necessity of touching the handle. To this end I employ a locking bar
which is capable of moving to and fro and being forced out in a straight
line instead of being caused to turn on a centre pin or on a centre, as is
now the case. This bar is worked by means of a toothed sector mounted
on the boss, to which the door handle is attached, and which sector takes
into a toothed rack on the edge of this bar.
When it is required to open the door this object is effected by turning
the handle and (by means of the sector and rack) drawing back the bar.

page_text: When the bar is drawn back to its full extent it is retained in that
position by means of a rocking plate which is mounted in bearings
immediately above the locking bar. The inner end of this rocking
plate is made by means of a flat spring secured to the lock plate to press
on the bar, on the side of which a notch is made, into which notch the
inner end of the rocking plate drops when the bar is drawn back, so
that neither can the bar be thrown forward nor the handle turned until
the rocking plate is lifted out of the notch in the side of the bar. This
can only be effected by pushing back the outer end of the rocking plate,
so as to lift up its inner end, and when the bar is thereby released it
will be shot forward by a strong spring which acts against the inner end
of the bar. In order to act in this manner on the rocking plate this
latter is provided at its outer end with a block which projects through
an opening cut in the rim of the lock, the projecting block of the
rocking plate being of such a form as to lie flush with the rim of the
lock plate. The fixed door jamb or the staple into which the bar is shot
is provided with a projecting block corresponding to the projecting block
on the rocking plate of the lock, so that when the door is shut to the
block on the rocking plate comes against the block on the staple or
striking plate on the jamb, and is pushed back, thereby releasing the
locking bar, which is immediately thrust forward into the staple and
locks the door. At the same time the handle assumes the horizontal
position, thereby indicating that the door is closed and safely locked.
In order to facilitate the working of the locking bar an antifriction
roller is adapted to the striking plate for the bar to rub against.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAMWAY OR ROAD Locomotives
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Hughes and Huram
Coltman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 19th November 1875.
We, HENRY HUGHES, of Leicester, in the County of Leicester, and
HURAM COLTMAN, of Loughborough, in the said County of Leicester, do
hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TRAMWAY OR ROAD Locomotives,” to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to locomotive engines to be used on tramways or
on ordinary roads, and has for its object preventing the emission of
smoke, steam, and noise, and the consequent annoyance and incon-
venience which takes place in the case of engines of this description as
usually constructed.
In carrying out our Invention we construct the engine generally in a
somewhat similar manner to a railway locomotive engine, and employ
coke as the fuel for heating the boiler, but in lieu of discharging the
exhaust steam in its uncondensed condition we condense the whole or
nearly the whole of the steam exhausted from the cylinders. The draft

page_text: is maintained by means of a jet with a rose nozzle or perforated pipe
whereby the noise caused by the escape of the steam there is greatly
diminished, but in order to reduce the noise to a minimum the smoke
box and funnel may if necessary be coated or covered with cork, plaster,
cement, gypsum powder, or other suitable material which is a non-
conductor of sound. A portion of the exhaust steam emitted from the
cylinders may be utilized for the production of the jet, or the jet may be
supplied with steam direct from the boiler if desired.
The condenser consists of a receiver composed by preference of sheet
iron, and extending from each side of the engine over the top thereof or
otherwise, into the upper part of which receiver there is injected a
stream of cold water, either by gravity from a supply tank above, or as
we prefer by means of a force pump drawing from a tank below. The
receiver is subdivided by horizontal and vertical partitions, the former of
which are formed with depressions or perforations through which the
water gradually falls, traversing the whole series to the bottom, and
thereby condensing during its descent the ascending currents of steam
from the exhaust ports, whilst the vertical partitions serve to prevent
the water from being projected backwards by the motion of the engine.
The water of condensation which falls to the bottom of the receiver is
discharged into the centre of the road by a suitable pipe or retained in
a tank until the end of the journey. Should the journey be too long to
admit of the whole of the exhaust steam being condensed the steam in
its partially condensed condition may be allowed to collect in the con-
denser and the tanks.