matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frédéric de Moriès at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th May
1855.
I, FREDERIC DE MORIES, of Montmartre, near Paris, in the Empire of
France, and of 32, Essex Street, Strand, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER"
to be as follows, viz. :-
These improvements relate to a novel method of obtaining motive power,
which I desire to be called the ippotrahère method, and which consists in
alternately displacing gravity, which is called into action by human, horse, or
animal power, or any attraction or impulsion whatever. The machinery I use
for this purpose consists in the main parts of a vertical shaft, with a lever or
arm that is loaded with a given weight, the upper portion having a trunion
which turns in a circular iron bearing. By turning the lever a motive power
is imparted to the trunion, which will be in proportion to the weight hung on
the lever, and is communicated by means of cranks, a connecting rod, and
racks to bevel gearing, which sets in motion a recipient engine of any kind
with a fly wheel. The motive power obtained by these or any other analogous
mechanism, as above substantially set forth, may be applied to working pumps,
mills, &c.
AN IM- PROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Anthony Dugdale at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st July
1855.
I, ANTHONY DUGDALE, of Rue Ponthieu, Paris, in the Empire of France,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IM-
PROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved mode of retarding and stopping the
speed of locomotive engines on railways by the aid of the steam which is the
motive power agent. To this end, I provide an additional steam way from
the valve box to the working cylinder, and I am thus enabled in an instant to
supply steam to both sides of the piston simultaneously, which steam will offer
a sufficient resistance to the movement of the working parts to bring thein
quickly and yet safely to a state of quiescence. The steam way which leads
directly to the ordinary valve box I govern with a supplementary slide valve,
which also governs a second or supplementary steam supply passage, and this
valve I connect with another that governs the exit passage for the exhaust
steam. When the engine is running, the ordinary supply passage and the
exit passage are open; but when it is required to stop the engine, I cause a
tappet on the ordinary valve rod to move forward these valves, and thereby
close the ordinary supply and the exit passages.

page_text: This movement, however, opens the supplementary supply passage, whereby
steam is led into the cylinder to meet the advancing piston. A confined atmo-
sphere of steam will, therefore, be presented to the piston, and the ordinary
slide valve will be forced from its seat and caused to bear against the valve
box cover. Its action, therefore, will be that of a friction brake, and as such
it will powerfully contribute to destroy the momentum of the engine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DISTILLATION OF TURPENTINE AND OTHER RESINOUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hunter at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th April
1855. A communication. .
I, JOHN HUNTER, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
DISTILLATION OF TURPENTINE AND OTHER RESINOUS SUBSTANCES," (communicated to
me by a foreigner residing abroad,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in a new and improved method of using and applying
alkalis, or the salt or salts of alkalis, or alkaline solutions or substances, in the
preparation of crude turpentine or other resinous matter previous to and
during the process of distillation, whereby a larger amount of volatile oil is
produced, and the resinous part of the turpentine or other matter capable of
saponification is saponified at one operation. The method in which the said
chemicals and chemical substances are used is as follows:-The alkaline
preparations (varying according to the properties of the crude materials) are
placed with them in the still, and are together distilled.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE BREECH PART OF FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Horton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd October
1855.
I, WILLIAM HORTON, of Birminghain, in the County of Warwick, Operative
Gun Maker, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE BREECH PART OF FIRE-ARMS" to be as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention relates entirely to the breech part, and may be applied to
pistols or guns, and used for military or fowling purposes, and consist in
applying the nipple in such a way that all angles are avoided from the per-
cussion powder in the cap to the charge in the barrel, thus rendering them
much more certain in firing, and less difficult to clean when fouled by use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUC- TION OF MILITARY SMALL ARMS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Preston at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th December
1855.
I, FRANCIS PRESTON, of the City of Manchester, Machinist, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUC-
TION OF MILITARY SMALL ARMS, to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the peculiar construction of the rammer, whereby
it can be firmly supported in its required position, by means of a shoulder or
groove acting against the band or nose piece; and in constructing the band
so as to cut or remove the end of the cartridge, to obviate the necessity of.
biting the same; the end of the cartridge is placed between the swivel of the
band and the body of the band, and thereby held tight, whilst the same can be
easily torn or cut off.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF REVOLVING CHAMBER FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Blissett at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th September
1855.
1, JOHN BLISSETT, of No. 322, High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex,
Gun Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF REVOLVING CHAMBER FIRE-ARMS" to be as
follows:-
These improvements apply to the construction and arrangement of the
loading rod or lever of such fire-arms, by means of which the charge is thrust
home or rammed into the chambers. The lever employed is a lever of the
second order, the fulcrum being attached to the "fore end." The lever is
provided (near to the fulcrum) with a projecting lug, to which is connected a
short link, which is also jointed to the rammer. The rammer slides in a hole
through the "fore end," and the action of the link allows the raminer always
to preserve its parallel position as the lever is moved in the action of ramming
home the charge.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING BREAD
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sylvain Mathurin Gillet Oudin at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th December 1855.
I, SYLVAIN MATHURIN GILLET OUDIN, of Blois, in the Empire of France,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MAKING BREAD" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the use of the water bath & mechanical
apparatus for treating a portion of the bread dough in order to augment the
produce of flour; likewise in using galvanized sheet iron in all those
apparatus for protecting the dough against rust. The mixture of the dough
& water is effected in a kneading trough of galvanized sheet iron of a prismatic
shape; at coming out from this apparatus the dough is placed on a metallic
filter, where a stamper, moved mechanically or by hand, forces the dough to
sift, & thus to mix & unite thoroughly. The dough thus sifted is taken to a
cylindrical recipient, forming the reservoir of a water bath. The water
surrounding this reservoir is heated by an internal fire; the effect of that fire
is to augment the volume & produce of the dough contained in the reservoir.
That dough is then mixed with others kneaded by the usual process, & the
whole is baked together.
IMPROTE- MENTS IN CARRIAGE SPRINGS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Stocken at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th September
1855.
I, FREDERICK STOCKEN, of 5, Halkin Street, Belgrave Square, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROTE-
MENTS IN CARRIAGE SPRINGS" to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object a peculiar combination of springs. For this
purpose a carriage spring is composed of two bent or cranked springs, con-
nected together at the bends by coupling plates. Two ends of the cranke! or
bent springs are attached to a half cliptic spring, and the other two ends of
the bent or cranked springs are attached or linked to a bent bar by a brace,
or it may be to a spring.
THE FABRICATION OF TORRIFIED BEET ROOT TO SUPERSEDE CHICORY AS USED IN COFFEE, AND WITH A GREAT SUPERIORITY
Year: 1855

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by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Jules Robert at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th December
1855.
I, JEAN JULES ROBERT, Secretary of the Universal Society for the En-
couragement of Arts & Industry, No. 18, Portugal St., Lincoln's Inn Fields,
London, Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
THE FABRICATION OF TORRIFIED BEET ROOT TO SUPERSEDE CHICORY AS USED IN
COFFEE, AND WITH A GREAT SUPERIORITY, to be as follows:-
I cut the beet root (which is of the best quality) into pieces about the size
of a grain of coffee; I do this either by. mechanical means, or by chopping it
with a small hatchet; I then cook it gently in a circular oven in a closely-shut
vase; when it is nearly done, I add a certain quantity of fine oil, or of good
fresh butter, to hinder the evaporation of the sweetness and aroma. When
the whole is sufficiently roasted, I grind it like coffee, and it is then ready for
sale.
JOINING ELASTIC WEBBING INTO INDISSOLUBLE BANDS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christian Rudolph Wessel and
George Bowden, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 18th December 1855.
We, the undersigned CHRISTIAN RUDOLPH WESSEL, of No. 25, Fitzroy
Square, New Road, London, in the County of Middlesex, Gent., and GEORGE
BOWDEN, of No. 1, Little Queen Street, High Holborn, London, in same C,
Bookbinder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "JOINING
ELASTIC WEBBING INTO INDISSOLUBLE BANDS" to be as follows:-
It consists in the application of joining elastic webbing into indissoluble
bands by the under-mentioned process :-
1°, elastic webbing is cut into required lengths and breadths; such webbing
may be of cotton, silk, or other fibrous material.
2°, the ends of such cut webbing are joined by means of oi'let holes [eyelet
holes] (oilets), and thereby form a superior and indissoluble band.
3°, the oi'let holes (oi'lets) serve as a medium for passing a chord or other
fastening, and is a simple means of attaching this band to lawyers' papers.
parcels, &c. &c.
CLAIM.
We claim as our Invention the application of "joining elastic webbing into
indissoluble bands" by means of oi'let holes (oilets), or by similar contrivances,
whether of metallic or other substances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER GUAGES FOR STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Tenwick at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th June 1855.
I, JOHN TENWICK, of 24, Orchard Hill, Lewisham Road, in the County of
Kent, Iron Moulder, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER GUAGES FOR STEAM BOILERS" to be as follows:-
Heretofore in constructing water guages for steam boilers it has been usual
to employ tubes of glass, which are very liable to be broken. Now, my
improvements consist of making water guages for steam boilers of metal, and
glazed in front, or in that part where the height of the water is desired to be
seen. For this purpose I make the water guage and its connections and
cocks of metal, in preference, by casting the same to the form desired, there
being in front, or other part where the height of water is to be observed, a
recess suitable to receive a plate of thick glass, and also vulcanized india-rubber
packing, to render the parts waterproof; and over this recess and the glass
introduced therein a plate of metal with a slot through it is fixed by screws or
otherwise, there being an index engraved on such plate. In some cases,
particularly for marine engine boilers, I combine with such instrument another
tube to guage or ascertain the state of the water in respect to the quantity of
salt contained, and in such tube or receiver I introduce an ordinary bydro-
meter to indicate the specific gravity of the water.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF PERAMBULATOR
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Geyelin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th October
1855.
I, GEORGE GEYELIN, of Melville Terrace, Torriano Avenue, Camden Road,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF PERAMBULATOR " to be
as follows:
This Invention relates to a mode of constructing perambulators that will
admit of their being brought into use in the nursery when not required for out
of door service. This object I attain by mounting the body of the carriage
(whether the body be single or double) on a pair of rockers, and fitting wheels
thereto by means of clamps or other analogous contrivance which will permit
of the ready application and removal of the wheels and axles. The propelling
handle I also connect temporarily to the body of the carriage. When the
wheels are removed, the perambulator will be converted into a rocking chair;
and when provided with a double body, it may be employed as a substitute for
a rocking horse.
A NEW COMBINATION OF MATERIALS SUITABLE FOR BUILDING PURPOSES
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Pym at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th July 1855.
I, JOHN PYM, of Stanley Street, Pimlico, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
COMBINATION OF MATERIALS SUITABLE FOR BUILDING PURPOSES" to be as follows:-
I take the following materials in the proportion as under:-To five
hundredweight of bitumen I add about five hundredweight of carbonate of
lime in powder, about one pound of sal-ammoniac, and as much coarse sand or
grit as will mix freely with the former materials when heated in a cauldron;
to which I add, as the article may be required to be more or less solid or
tenacious, resin, shellac, glue, or pitch, the proportions of which may vary
according to the purposes to which the article is to be applied.
To add strength to the combination when used in the manufacture of rail-
way sleepers or other articles of like character, I mix with it when heated
cocoa nut fibre, wood shavings, or other fibrous substances. I cast the material
in moulds of the form and size required.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN MARINE STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Crees Taylor at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th October
1855.
I, WILLIAM CREES TAYLOR, of 11, Devonshire Road, Greenwich, in the
County of Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MARINE STEAM ENGINES" to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in combining the parts of
marine steam engines which give motion to screw or propellor shafts, in order
that the engines may be more conveniently arranged, and occupy as little space
as may be. For this purpose there are two piston rods, to one of which the
piston of the air pump is affixed, and the other piston rod works the hot-water
pump. The air pump and the hot-water pump are placed within the con-
denser, there being suitable stuffing boxes for the two piston rods where they
pass into and out of the condenser. The outer ends of the two piston rods
beyond the condenser are connected by a cross head, which gives motion to
the cranked propeller shaft by a connecting rod or rods.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS ORDNANCE
Year: 1855

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by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Bellamy at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th February
1855.
I, SAMUEL BELLAMY, of Torquay, in the County of Devon, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS
ORDNANCE," to be as follows:-
The first part of these improvements relates to small arms, such as muskets,
carbines, and pistols, and consists in constructing the same with two or more
barrels, communicating with a "fixed breech" for discharging the contents of
the barrels simultaneously; or if necessary I furnish the "breech" with plugs
which pass across the "breech," so that by turning round one or other of such
said plugs only one or two of the barrels may be discharged, the loading being
effected either at the muzzle or at the breech end of the gun.
And as regards the second part of these improvements relating to ordnance,
this Invention consists in constructing the same upon the above principle,
i.e., the arranging or combining together of a series of barrels communicating
with a fixed breech, and the capability of discharging either one, two, or more
of the barrels at will.
A NEW MODE OF PRODUCING LETTERS AND FIGURES FOR SIGNS, SHOW BOARDS, FRONTS OF SHOPS, HOUSES, AND OTHER PLACES
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lucien Tardieu at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th April 1855.
I, LUCIEN TARDIEU, of 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of
France, and 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Gentleman, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "A NEW MODE OF PRODUCING LETTERS AND
FIGURES FOR SIGNS, SHOW BOARDS, FRONTS OF SHOPS, HOUSES, AND OTHER PLACES,"
to be as follows, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in a new arrangement of letters, sigus, decorations,
and other figures in relief, made of glass, porcelain, or other transparent
substance, & in introducing a light for rendering them visible at night.
The transparent signs, letters, figures, or decorations can be of a variety of
colors, either uniform or varied, and placed in a frame. The back of the
frame is cut out to the exact form of the object to be framed, and forms
the front of what is written or represented, which will be seen by placing at
intervals behind it, in a suitable position, gas, the electric or other light.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SMITHS' HEARTHS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Barnett at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st April 1855.-A
communication.
I, JOHN BARNETT, of 134, Minories, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SMITHS' HEARTHS,"
(being a communication from Jean August Petry, of Liège,) to be as
follows:-
Heretofore smiths' hearths have been open, and the object of the present
Invention is to construct a smith's hearth closed at top and at three sides,
leaving an opening in front to introduce the iron to be heated. For this pur-
pose, a smith's hearth is constructed within four walls, which are strengthened
by iron uprights and straps; the top is covered or arched in; one side is left
open, and there is at such opening a projecting slab or shelf fixed, to facilitate
the introduction and also to support the iron which is introduced into the fire,
which is composed by preference of the small or waste of coke.
The blast of air is introduced on one side, or it might be at more than one
side of the hearth, and there is an inclined opening through the front of the
hearth, descending from the bed on which the fire is made, in order to run off
any scoria.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Methven at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th May
1855.
I, DAVID METHVEN, of 9, Pembroke Cottages, Caledonian Road, Islington,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES AND OTHER VESSELS" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of forming a stopper for a bottle or other vessel of
a hollow or tubular form, of vulcanized india-rubber, cork, or other suitable
material. The stopper has a cone to enter at the end, which passes into the
neck or opening of the bottle or vessel. The cone is acted on by a screw and
nut or other instrument in such manner as to move the smaller end thereof
into the end of the hollow or tubular stopper, which will cause the stopper to
be enlarged in diameter. The exterior diameter of the cone and also of the
stopper is made so as readily to enter into the neck or opening of the bottle or
vessel. By acting on the cone by the screw (after the stopper has been
introduced), so as to draw the smaller end thereof more and more into the
hollow stopper, the stopper will be expanded, and will be caused more and
more tightly to fill the neck or opening of the bottle or vessel. In order to
remove such a stopper, the action of the screw or other instrument is to be

page_text: reversed, so as to move the cone back out of the tubular or hollow stopper,
which will allow of the stopper, if sufficiently elastic, to contract of its own
action, or otherwise it will readily be caused to contract on pulling its outer
end out from the neck or opening.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN MANUFACTURING MOULDED ARTICLES MADE OF COMPOUNDS OF INDIA- RUBBER
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Goodyear at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd July 1855.
-A communication.
I, CHARLES GOODYEAR, of 25, Avenue Road, St. John's Wood, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN MANUFACTURING MOULDED ARTICLES MADE OF COMPOUNDS OF INDIA-
RUBBER to be as follows:-
"
This Invention has for its object an improvement in the manufacture of
moulded articles made of compounds of india-rubber with sulphur, with or
without other matters, and consists of introducing water or fluid into the
mould with the compound of india-rubber, by which means, when the mould
containing the compound of india-rubber is subjected to heat to produce the
change in the india-rubber compound, the water or fluid will be expanded into
steam or vapour, which by its pressure will force the india-rubber compound
into all parts of the mould, and cause it to fit the interior of the mould with
great accuracy.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING FROM THE PLANTAIN, BANANA, ALOE, PENGUIN, AND OTHER VEGEATABLE SUBSTANCES, FIBRES APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS MANUFACTURING PURPOSES
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Burke at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th January
1855.
I, FRANCIS BURKE, Gentleman, of Woodlands, Montserrat, B. W. Indies,
& at present residing in London, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING FROM THE
PLANTAIN, BANANA, ALOE, PENGUIN, AND OTHER VEGEATABLE SUBSTANCES, FIBRES
APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS MANUFACTURING PURPOSES," and to be as follows:―
I place one or more cylinders, either hollow or solid, with one or more
projections upon its surface, to act as beaters, bruisers, or seperators, and
which may be cast on the surface, or otherwise fixed there. The cylinders
being so constructed and arranged as to rotate, are placed on suitable bearings,
with a platform, either fixed or moveable, and capable of being brought into
the required proximity with the cylinder or cylinders. The whole or part of
this platform is covered with leather or other suitable material, and by means
of pressure from the hand, or from springs, weights, or levers, this platform is
adjusted, so that it may be brought close to the aforesaid cylinder or cylinders,
or as close as may be required. A continuous stream of water is permitted
to fall on the material to be operated upon as it passes along the platform to
the beaters, bruisers, or seperators, or vice versa. The vegeatable matter

page_text: containing the desired fibres is taken 'and, secured by a clip, hand, or other
means, and laid on the platform aforesaid, and by pushing or drawing by hand,
or with the aid of rollers or rackwork, or pullies and bands, the vegeatable
matter is brought between the cylinder or cylinders (which may then or pre-
viously be set in motion) and the platform aforesaid, and being caused to be
pressed, or forced, or drawn, or carried forward, is subjected to the bruising
influence of the beaters, bruisers, or seperators aforesaid; this part of the opera-
tion of the machine being to loosen, bruise, or break up the extraneous matter
attached to the fibres during the growth of the plant or vegeatable material.
The motion which passed the fibrous matter between the cylinder or cylinders
and the platform is reversed, and the fibrous matter drawn back between the
revolving cylinder or cylinders and the platform, and the mucilage and other
extraneous matters seperated from the fibres..
The objects herein enumerated may also be effected by reversing the mode
of working and arranging the machine, so that the rotating cylinders shall
become the platform, and causing the beaters to operate upon the surface of
the cylinders, the material being caused to pass between the revolving plat-
form or cylinders, and after being subjected to the bruising influence of the
beaters is drawn. back, and the fibre freed from the extraneous matter, as
before.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HUTS, TENTS, AND CAMP HOSPITALS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Edmund Green at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
December 1855.
1, CHARLES EDMUND GREEN, of No. 13, Blandford Street, Portman Square,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN HUTS, TENTS, AND CAMP HOSPITALS, to be
as follows:-
My improvement consists, firstly, in the constructing of tents or huts of wood,
iron, brass, or other material in several parts, which are to be held together by
hinges or any other known method of fastening, in such a manner that they
can be folded up in one or more packages for portability.
Secondly, in making, framing, or covering my tents or huts in two or more
thicknesses of linen, woolen, or other fabrics, so arranged as to leave space for
the free admission of hot or cold air as may be required, the materials used
being singly or severally air and water proof, and equally non-conductors.
AN IM- PROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard William Pyne and
William Malam at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 10th October 1855.
We, RICHARD WILLIAM PYNE, of Southwark, in the County of Surrey,
Builder, and WILLIAM MALAM, of London Road, in the same County, Gas
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IM-
PROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS" to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in producing gas from dead oil, fat, and fatty and
oily substances generally, by passing the same gradually into a chamber con-
taining in the centre coke or other similar filtering medium, and separated into
three compartments by two iron plates which dip below the surface of the coke.
This chamber may be heated by the ordinary kitchen or other range, and we
find it convenient to place it at the back of the range. We introduce a supply
through a suitable pipe in drops or small streams into one compartment of the
chamber, where they become decomposed, and the gas given off passes through
the coke or filtering medium, and enters the last compartment of the chamber,
from which it finds its exit through a discharge pipe, which is made to dip into
water in a tight box. The gas is carried off from this box into a receiver,
from which it is supplied for lighting and heating, as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC BEDSTEADS AND OTHER ARTICLES OF METALLIC FURNITURE
Year: 1855

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mark Osborne at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd November
1855.
I, MARK OSBORNE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN METALLIC BEDSTEADS AND OTHER ARTICLES OF METALLIC FURNITURE" to be
as follows:-
My said Invention consists in the improvements herein-after described in
metallic bedsteads, which said improvements are also applicable to couches
and other articles of metallic furniture. I make the vertical pillars and the
horizontal or side rails of the said bedsteads of metallic tubing, and I connect
the same together in the following manner:-I cast a corner block having a
hole, through which the pillar passes, and which said corner block is fixed to
the said pillar by means of a cotter. On two sides of the corner block are
cast or attached pieces, having the form of the convex part of a union joint.
On the end of the tube forming the side rail, I place a flange, and upon the
said rail I slide a metallic piece, having the form of the concave part of a
union joint, and by screwing the two parts of the union joint together, the
flange on the end of the tubular rail is grasped between them, and the said
rail is secured to the corner block, similar to the manner in which pipes are

page_text: secured together by union joints. The laths constituting the sacking are
secured to the side rails in the following manner:-To each end of the lath
a cast piece is attached, the said cast piece having a semi-cylindrical or hook-
like form, and filling the upper half of the cylindrical rail. For greater
security, a pin on the under side of each of the said hooks enters. a hole in
the rail.
I join the rods forming the head and foot rails to their ornamental corners
in the following manner :-In casting the ornamental corners, I place in the
"print" or half of the mould, short rods having screwed ends, the said rods
being placed where it is wished to join rods to the corner pieces. The casting,
when taken from the mould, brings the screwed rods with it, the said rods
are unscrewed from the casting, and the rods forming the head or foot rail
having screws on their ends, are screwed into the holes in the casting. In
the middle rods of the head or foot rail, the said rods pass through the orna-
mental casting, and are fixed therein by cotters. I clothe the pillars with
hollow metallic castings.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF STARCH OR GRAPE SUGAR
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Riley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th March 1855.
I, GEORGE RILEY, of No. 12, Portland Place North, Clapham Road, in the
County of Surry, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF STARCH OR GRAPE SUGAR" to
be as follows:-
The manufacture of starch or grape sugar from starch, by boiling the same
in water acidulated with sulphuric acid, is a well-known process, but it has
been heretofore found that the pressence of the gluten contained in the flour
or meal of any of the cerals has protected their starch from the action of
the acid, & the conversion into sugar does not take place; but I have found
that by mixing the meal or flour of any of the cerals with water acidulated
with even only one-half of one per cent. of sulphuric acid, & boiling the
same under a pressure of about ten pounds to the inch, that the conversion of
the starch contained in the meal into sugar takes place very rapidly. I there-
foré intend to claim the manufacture of starch or grape sugar from the meal of
any of the cerals, by boiling the same in water acidulated with sulphuric acid
under a pressure greater than that of the atmosphere.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SHELLS AND ROCKETS AND OTHER PROJECTILES OF A LIKE NATURE
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Ato Temperton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th October 1855.
I, THOMAS ATO TEMPERTON, of the City of Manchester, Factor, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SHELLS
AND ROCKETS AND OTHER PROJECTILES OF A LIKE NATURE" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the application to shells or other projectiles of the
like nature of a detonating cap, which is made to explode when the projectile
comes in contact with any object. In carrying out my Invention, I place the
detonating cap in a tube, which is screwed into the projectile in the same
manner as the fusees usually employed, and within this tube is a piston, one
end of which projects beyond the projectile, and the other end is held a
certain distance from the cap by a spring or other means; when the projectile
strikes an object, the piston overcomes the resistance of the spring or other
means employed, and comes against the detonating cap, which then explodes.
By this means the explosion of the projectile is sure to take place at the
instant of its striking, whereas in fusees of the ordinary construction the
explosion depends on the time required for consuming the match.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONNECTING EARTHEN- WARE PIPES OR TUBES
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Hide at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th July 1855.
I, CHARLES HIDE, of Worthing, in the County of Sussex, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONNECTING EARTHEN-
WARE PIPES OR TUBES" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of an improved coupling or junction piece for con-
necting earthenware pipes or tubes together. The coupling is made in two
parts; the lower part has, a broad flat bottom to afford a firm basis for the
pipes to rest upon, by which they will be much less liable to derangement or
fracture than heretofore. The upper part of the coupling rests upon the lower,
and around the inside of the two parts an annular recess is made, communi-
cating with an aperture in the top of the coupling. The ends of two adjoining
pipes are laid in the lower part of the coupling; the edges of the pipes being
placed over the centre of the annular recess, the upper part of the coupling is
put in its place, and some liquid cement poured into the aperture, which flows
round the recess, uniting the whole firmly together. Branch pipes may be as
easily inserted between the couplings as the ordinary lengths of straight pipe.
I reserve a right to vary the details of my Invention.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CARDING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Chadwick at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd October
1855.
I, JAMES CHADWICK, of Bank Wood, Charlesworth, near Glossop, in the
County of Derby, Manager, in the employ of Ralph and William Waller, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR CARDING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in the application of a roller, covered with emery or
other suitable material for grinding, to the cylinder of a carding engine, which
roller in revolving serves to keep the wires of the cylinder sharp, or in working
order, and free from dirt. I prefer to make the surface of the emery roller
revolve at a greater velocity than that of the cylinder, and to impart a lateral
motion to the emery roller. When my Invention is applied to carding engines
used for coarse fibrous materials, the ordinary "fancy" roller may be dispensed
with. As it is of great importance that the emery roller be brought evenly in
contact with the cylinder, I mount the emery roller in bearings capable of
simultaneous adjustment at each side of the carding engine.
THE EMPLOYMENT OF A NEW AND IMPROVED FABRIC OR FABRICS FOR THE MAKING OR MANUFACTURING, EITHER WHOLLY OR PARTIALLY, OF GARMENTS OR PART OR PARTS OF GARMENTS, OR FOR APPENDAGES TO GARMENTS, FOR THE PURPOSE OF WEARING APPAREL, FOR THE USE OF MEN, WOMEN, OR CHILDREN
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hackett at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st February
1855.
I, JOHN HACKETT, of Derby, in the County of Derby, Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE EMPLOYMENT OF A
NEW AND IMPROVED FABRIC OR FABRICS FOR THE MAKING OR MANUFACTURING,
EITHER WHOLLY OR PARTIALLY, OF GARMENTS OR PART OR PARTS OF GARMENTS, OR
FOR APPENDAGES TO GARMENTS, FOR THE PURPOSE OF WEARING APPAREL, FOR THE
USE OF MEN, WOMEN, OR CHILDREN," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the employment of a new and improved fabric
or fabrics composed of cotton and of linen, and of cotton and linen combined,
for the making or manufacturing, either wholly or partially, of garments or
part or parts of garments for the purposes of wearing apparel, for the
use of men, women, or children, as stays, corsets, trousers for females, caps,
bonnets, shirt fronts, collars, blouses, frock coats, long gaiters, short gaiters,
and overalls.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ARTIFICIAL LEGS
Year: 1855

page_text: 333
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Partridge Salt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
May 1855.
I, THOMAS PARTRIDGE SALT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Surgical Instrument Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ARTIFICIAL LEGS" to be as
follows, that is to say:-
This Invention consists in substituting for the complicated mechanisms
employed for obtaining the movements in an artificial leg, a cord of vulcanized
india-rubber, or other equivalent elastic material, which is secured to certain
fixed points, and passes over friction rollers under the knee and at the instep of
the foot, a check string of catgut or other suitable material being employed
as usual.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN SADDLES
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Dawson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th March 1855.
I, JOHN DAWSON, of Northwich, in the County of Chester, Saddler, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN SADDLES
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in enabling the saddle to fit any horse by means of
metallic plates affixed to the saddle tree, these plates being capable of adjust-
ment to the horse's back by screws causing such plates to expand or contract
as required, and also capable of being instantly adjusted by the rider or others,
in lieu of the usual method of altering the fit of saddles by stuffing, &c.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN HAND DRILLING MACHINES
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Shanks at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st March
1855.
I, ANDREW SHANKS, Engineer, 6, Robert Street, Adelphi, Westminster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN HAND DRILLING MACHINES" to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in making the frame or stock of this machine all
in one piece, having a hollow or tubular handle at right angles for steadying
the apparatus while being used, the axis of the bevil wheel or handle rotating
inside of said handle.
A NEW MEDICINE OR SYRUP FOR THE CURE OF COUGHS
Year: 1855

page_text: This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with ine
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William John Blackman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th June 1855.
I, WILLIAM JOHN BLACKMAN, of the Hippodrome, Kensington, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
MEDICINE OR SYRUP FOR THE CURE OF COUGHS " to be as follows:-
The medicine for the cure of coughs, forming the subject of my Invention,
consists of a preparation of thyme, sugar candy, & beer, with or without
other ingredients, which I mix together & evaporate slowly by simmering
till reduced to about one-half the quantity, & otherwise prepare it for use.
This syrup is very beneficial for the cure of a cough, & is especially adapted
for children.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CUTTING WARP FABRICS
Year: 1855

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hemsley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st May 1855.
I, WILLIAM HEMSLEY, of Melbourne, near Derby, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CUTTING WARP FABRICS " to be
as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in cutting warp fabrics.
Heretofore such fabrics have been cut up into proper shapes or forms for making
stockings, gloves, and other articles after taking the fabrics from the machines
or warp frames. Now, the improvements consist in applying knives or cutters
to warp frames or machines in which warp fabrics are made, such knives or
cutters being on suitable axes or bars, which by the working of the machine
or by the workman are moved so as to bring the knives into and to take them
out of action, and thus to cut parts of the fabric whilst in the frame or machine,
and whilst the machine is working to produce warp fabrics.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WINDING COTTON AND OTHER YARNS OR THREADS
Year: 1855

page_text: www www.yoven
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th February
1855.
I, SAMUEL SMITH, of the City of Manchester, Cotton Spinner, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR WINDING COTTON AND OTHER YARNS OR THREADS" to be as follows:-
My improvements are applicable to the ordinery spindle winding machines,
and consist in imparting by means of cone pulleys a variable speed to the
bobbins on which the yarn is wound; this variable speed is made to correspond
with the increasing diameter of the bobbins. I propose to make the bobbins
revolve at the same speed as the spindles by means of a projection from the
under flanche of the bobbin taking into a notch in the plate on which the
bobbin rests. The small roller covered with flannel, against which the yarn or
thread rubs, has hitherto been stationery, but I now propose to give it a
revolving motion, and I apply a self-cleaning apparatus to the guide plates
through which the yarn or thread passes, in order to prevent the accumulation
of knots or other impurities which the said guide plates detach from the yarn
or thread. By means of the above-described improvements, the ordinary spindle
winding frames may be made to produce more work than heretofore, and, owing
to the greater regularity in the speed of the yarn or thread, they may be used
instead of the drum winding machines, usually employed for fine work.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SLIP KILNS FOR DRYING CLAY
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Daintry Hollins at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
January 1855.
I, MICHAEL DAINTRY HOLLINS, of Stoke-upon-Trent, in the County of
Stafford, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
" IMPROVEMENTS IN SLIP KILNS FOR DRYING CLAY" to be as follows:-
Heretofore, in constructing a slip kiln for drying clay, it has been usual so
to arrange the same as to heat it by a fire-place at one end, from which flues
proceed under the pan in which the slip is placed to be dried to the other end
of the pan, and the heated products from the fire pass through these flues into
a chimney at the other end. Now, the improvements consist of constructing
slip kilns for drying clay in such manner that the flues from the fire-place, having
arrived at or near the other end of the pan, shall pass back again under the pan,
and have another fire-place near the chimney, which is erected at the end of the
pan where the first-mentioned fire-place is situated. By these means the heated
products from the fire which heats the pan pass from the fire through the flues
to the other end of the pan, as heretofore; but in place of passing into a chimney
at that end of the pan, tliey pass back through the return flues, and are acted
on by the second fire, which is subject to a considerable draft by the chimney,
which, as before stated, is erected at that end of the kiln.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SWORDS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Wright at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th March
1855.
I, RICHARD WRIGHT, of Richmond, in the County of York, Bootmaker,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF SWORDS" to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object so to construct a sword that it may have
revolving pistol barrels applied near the handle. For this purpose the end of
the sword near the guard and handle is made cylindrical, in order to receive
thereon a series of pistol barrels, such as have heretofore been constructed for
revolving pistols, and such barrels and the lock are arranged, as is well under-
stood, either to bring a charged barrel opposite the hammer by the act of
pulling the trigger, or else by cocking the hammer by hand, as have heretofore
been usual when making revolving pistols. The trigger and the hammer are
arranged to admit of being readily got at, and yet not so as to inconvenience
the grasping of the handle of the sword.
A METHOD OF TREATING TEA FOR ECONOMIZING ITS USE AND TRANSPORT
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gardner at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st December
1855.
I, JOHN GARDNER, of No. 51, Mortimer Street, Cavendish Square, in the
County of Middlesex, Doctor of Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for A METHOD OF TREATING TEA FOR ECONOMIZING ITS USE AND
TRANSPORT, to be as follows:-
I reduce tea of any kind by ordinary mechanical means to a powder. more
or less coarse or fine, and submit it in that state to pressure, so as to reduce -
the bulk or space it occupies, for the convenience of transport by travellers and
armies in the field. The first process greatly facilitates the action of water in
extracting the aroma, extractive matter, and the crystalline nutritive matter of
tea, and hence is a great economy. In the second process, either with or
without certain media to be described in the complete Specification, I form
the more or less finely powdered tea into suitable forms or cakes for packing
and carriage.