IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER FOR RAISING, FORCING, AND EXHAUSTING FLUIDS AND LIQUIDS, AND FOR MEASURING LIQUIDS.”
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Johnson, of Bradford, in the County of
York, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER FOR RAISING, FORCING, AND EXHAUSTING
FLUIDS AND LIQUIDS, AND FOR MEASURING LIQUIDS.”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd February 1875.
I, ROBERT JOHNSON, of Bradford, in the County of York, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS,
IN MACHINERY FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER FOR RAISING, FORCING, AND.
EXHAUSTING FLUIDS AND LIQUIDS, AND FOR MEASURING LIQUIDS," to be as,
follows:-
1
.
My Invention relates to the class of machines known as rotary
engines, and it consists in so constructing such machines that they may:
be worked with very little friction, and so as to produce a uniform
action.

page_text: My improved machine consists of an external cylindrical casing with
inlet and outlet passages and of an internal cylinder through which a
sliding piston passes; the spindle of the internal cylinder transmits the
motion obtained when the machino is used as a motor, or the motion to
the internal cylinder when the machine is used for other purposes.
The length of the sliding piston is equal to the radius of the largo
cylinder, plus the radius of the small one, and the inside of the external
cylinder is composed of a larger and a smaller segment with two curved
parts so arranged that as the piston revolves the ends at all times press
against the interior.
When the machine is in operation the fluid or liquid is constantly
entering at the inlet port, and the exhausted fluid or liquid is discharged
at the outlet port."
The edges of the sliding piston fit in grooves in end plates which
revolve with the internal cylinder, thus avoiding friction against the
onds of the external cylinder. In some cases it is desirable to make the
machine double-acting by the use of two pistons separated by a grooved
centre plate, the pistons being at right angles to each other or
otherwise.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, 2
. filed by the said Robert Johnson in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 2nd August 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
JOHNSON, of Bradford, in the County of York, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her-2
Letters Patent, bearing' date the Third day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Robert Johnson, Her special
licence that I, the said Robert Johnson, my executors, administrators, a
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Robert Johnson, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereaftor during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,

page_text: within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ircland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER FOR RAISING, FORCING, AND EXHAUSTING FLUIDS
AND LIQUIDS, AND FOR MEASURING LIQUIDS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Robert Johnson, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Johnson, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to bo
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say):-
My Invention relates to the class of machines known as rotary
engines, and it consists in so constructing such machines that they may
be worked with very little friction, and so as to produce a uniform
action.
My improved machine consists of an external casing with inlet and
outlet passages and of an internal cylinder through which a sliding
piston passes; the spindle of the internal cylinder transmits the motion
obtained when the machine is used as a motor, or the motion to thọ
internal cylinder when the machine is used for other purposes.
The edges of the sliding piston fit in grooves in end plates which
revolve with the internal cylinder, thus avoiding friction against the
ends of the external cylinder. In some cases it is desirable to make the
machine double-acting by the use of two pistons separated by a grooved
centre plate, the pistons being at right angles to each other or otherwise.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into operation I will proceed to describe the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings, reference being had to the figures and letters marked
thereon.
Fig. 1 is an elevation in section of my improved machinery; Fig. 2

page_text: a is the external casing, in which is the inlet passage and outlet
passage c; the ends of the casing are closed by the lids d, which support
the axles e; these axles are cast or fixed to the internal cylinder g,
through which passes the sliding piston h. The outer ends of the sliding
piston press against the interior of the external casing, and in order to
allow for the wear and tear the sliding piston is made in two pieces with
an elastic packing between to cause the piston to work air-tight in the
casing. The edges of the sliding piston h fit into-grooves in the end
plates ffixed to the internal cylinder, and these end plates avoid the
friction of the sliding piston against the lids of the outer casing. The
internal cylinder revolves in the external casing, as in ordinary rotary
engines, and the inside of the casing consists of three segments which
are struck out in the following, manner:-The lower part between the
points A, B, is struck with the radius C, D, and the upper part from
A to E and from B to E with the radius F, G. This improved form of
the internal part of the casing is so constructed that as the cylinder g
revolves the ends of the sliding piston h remain in contact with it. In
cach lid d is a groove d¹, shewn best in Fig. 3, and this groove is of the
same shape but of a smaller size than the interior of the casing a. In
each groove d¹ an antifriction bowl i enters, and these bowls are mounted
on pins fixed in the edges of the sliding piston ; the object of these.
antifriction bowls is to reduce the friction on the outer ends of the sliding
piston.
I
When the machine is used as a motor the fluid or liquid entering at b
acts on the upper surface of the sliding piston h, and causes the internal
cylinder to revolve in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 1, while the
exhausted fluid or liquid is escaping at c, but when the machine is used
for raising, forcing, or exhausting purposes the internal cylinder 9 must
be driven by a pulley or other equivalent. on the axle e. The sliding
piston / then acts like a plunger to drawn in and force out the fluid or
liquid.
g
.
When the machine is used to measure liquids it is necessary to
ascertain the cubic contents of the casing, and to apply an indicator for
registering the number of revolutions of the internal cylinder.
Fig. 4 is a section of my improved machinery without the end plates f
shewn in Figs. 1 and 2,
-Thi 5 mannosents another mod of iking out the shown of the internal

page_text: radius A, B, and the other half from a similar radius C, D. The radius
is equal to the half of the distance between A and C.
In some cases it is desirable to make the machine double acting by
the use of two pistons separated by a centre plate, the pistons being at
right angles to each other or otherwise.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and described the
manner of performing the same, I declare that I claim,―
First. The peculiar modes of striking out the interior of the outer
casing a, whereby the sliding piston / remains at every part of its
revolution in contact with the interior of the outer casing, as shewn and
described.
Secondly. The end plates f of the internal cylinder 9, as shewn and
.described, to reduce friction and ensure a tight joint.
And, lastly. The general combination and arrangement of the parts
for obtaining motive power. for raising, forcing, and exhausting fluids
and liquids, and for measuring liquids, as shewn and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Johnson, have hereto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of July One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.
ROR JOHNSON