IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Cunliffe Lister, of Bradford, in the
County of York, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Sealed the 23rd May 1871, and dated the 29th December 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Cunliffe Lister
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 29th December 1870.
I, SAMUEL CUNLIFFE LISTER, of Bradford; in the County of York,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
-
This Invention has for its object improvements in looms for weaving,
and the improvements relate to looms for weaving ribbons and similar
narrow fabrics.
In the Provisional Specification lodged by me on the Seventeenth day
of December One thousand eight hundred and seventy (No. 3305) the
shuttle is moved through the shed from peg to peg by means of a pusher,
but in this case only one shuttle and one kind of weft are used. What
I now propose to do is to have a circular wheel, or a frame in which a

page_text: number of pegs are fixed, and upon which the shuttles are placed con-
taining bobbins, it may be of various kinds and colours of wefts. This is
so arranged that the frame which carries the shuttles is connected with
a jacquard or other mechanism that turns or shifts the shuttle carrier,
and brings into position any of the shuttles, so that the pusher can
push it through the shed as often as required, and then from time to
time change to any other. By this means I am enabled to weave with
great facility various colours and kinds of weft into ribbons or other
similar narrow goods.
For weaving broad ribbons as above described I make the peg on the
opposite side to the shuttle carrier move into the shed at the proper time
as far as may be necessary to receive the shuttle as it is pushed from
the shuttle carrier. When weaving velvet ribbons face to face I arrange
two pegs on which the shuttles are placed one above the other, so that
the pusher can deliver the shuttles through two distinct sheds, and thus
make a perfect selvage to each ribbon when cut asunder. The warp is
fed forward by feed rollers, and the knife traverses and cuts asunder the
two ribbons, and is sharpened in a similar manner to what is now done
by me in weaving broad velvets. Several of these may be mounted on
a frame, so that one knife may traverse and cut several ribbons at the
same time.
Another improvement consists in placing a series of pegs one above
another, acting as described in the Provisional Specification above
referred to, so as to weave several ribbons, tapes, or other narrow goods
at the same time. One of the great difficulties in ribbon looms has been
to obtain proper tension on the weft; this I accomplish in the manner
shewn by the diagrams Nos. 1, 2, and 3 hereunto annexed. In these
diagrams a is a shuttle carrying the bobbin upon which the weft is
wound, and also the tension spring D, D. E is a hole in the nose of
the shuttle out of which the weft passes into the ribbon. When the
bobbin is full, as shewn on a large scale at diagram 2, the friction
surface S may be equal to half the circumference of the bobbin. As the
bobbin becomes empty the friction surface gradually diminishes, as
shown at diagram 3, and at the same time, as will be readily understood,
the spring also gradually exerts less power as the circumference of the
bobbin diminishes. Weft stoppers of the usual kind may be used if
required.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Samuel Cunliffe Lister in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 29th June 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
Cunliffe LISTER, of Bradford, in the County of York, Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her mest Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Samuel Cunliffe Lister, Her special licenco
that I, the said Samuel Cunliffe Lister, my executors, administrators,
and assigns; or such others as I, the said Samuel Cunliffe Lister, my
cxccutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the termi
therein expressed, should and lawfully. might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom. of Great Britain and Ireland, tho
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Samuel Cunliffe Lister, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
scals, should particularly. describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Cunliffe Lister, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, that is to say:—
This Invention has for its object improvements in looms for weaving,
and the improvements relate to looms for weaving ribbons and similar
narrow fabrics.
In the Specification of a Patent granted to me on the 17th day of
December 1870, No. 3305, is described the moving the shuttle through
the shed from one peg to another by means of a pusher, but in this

page_text: case only one shuttle and one kind of weft are used. What I now
propose to do is to have a circular wheel or a frame in which a number
of pegs are fixed, and upon which the shuttles are placed containing
bobbins, it may be of various kinds and colors of wefts. The frame
which carries the shuttles is connected with a jacquard or other
mechanism that turns or shifts the shuttle carrier, and brings into
position any of the shuttles so that the pusher can push it through
the shed as often as required and then from time to time change to any
other. By this means I am enabled to weave with great facility
various colors and kinds of weft into ribbons or other similar narrow
goods.
For weaving broad ribbons as above described I make the peg on the
opposite side to the shuttle carrier move into the shed at the proper
time as far as may be necessary to receive the shuttle as it is pushed
from the shuttle carrier.
A diagram view of an arrangement, such as above described, is shewn
at Figure 1 of the Drawings annexed. In this Figure A is a revolving
wheel having six or it might be other number of pegs projecting from it,
each to carry a separate shuttle; the wheel A may be connected in any
suitable manner with jacquard or other mechanism, such as is employed
for governing the motion of ordinary circular shuttle boxes carrying a
number of shuttles, so that any one of the shuttles carried by the pegs
of the wheel can be brought into a position for being passed through
the shed by the moving forward of a pusher B, as described in the
Specification before mentioned. On the opposite side of the shed is a
peg C and pusher D. When any one of the shuttles carried by the
wheel A is to be moved across the shed the peg C is first moved forward
into the shed to meet the pusher B, then delivers the shuttle on to
it and the peg C retires to carry back the shuttle clear of the shed.
When the beat up has taken place and the shed has been again opened
the pcg
C carries the shuttle forward into the shed, and the pusher D
delivers it on to the peg upon the wheel A, from which it had previously
been moved. The position of the wheel A may then, if desired, be
shifted by the jacquard or other mechanism, so that the next pick of
weft may be of a different color. I have not thought it necessary
to shew in the Drawings any special arrangement of mechanism for
imparting to the pegs and pushers the movements above described as
various arrangements may readily be adapted for the purpose.

page_text: When weaving velvet ribbons face to face I arrange two pegs on
which the shuttles are placed one above the other, so that the pusher
can deliver the shuttles through two distinct sheds and thus make a
perfect selvage to cach ribbon when cut asunder. The warp is fed
forward by feed rollers and the knife traverses and cuts asunder the
two ribbons and is sharpened in a similar manner to what is now done
by me in weaving broad velvets. Several of these may be mounted
on a frame so that one knife may traverse and cut several ribbons at
the same time.
The manner in which I prefer to carry out this part of my Invention
is shown at Figures 2, 3, and 4, of the Drawings annexed.
Figure 2 shews a vertical transverse section, Figure 3, a vertical
longitudinal part section, and Figure 4, a horizontal section of a loom
for weaving velvet ribbons face to face in the manner above described.
The general arrangements of this loom are the same as described in the
Specification before mentioned, and the several parts are marked with
the same letters of reference as are used in the Specification, so that
it is unnecessary to give here any general description of it.
Two pegs
and pushers are, however, in this loom placed on each side of the shed,
one above the other, and the two pushers on either side of the shed
arc simultaneously operated by the same arrangement of mechanism
described in the previously mentioned Specification for operating the
onc pusher. Two shuttles can thus be passed simultaneously onc
through the upper and the other through the lower shed opened in
the warps, as shewn at Figure 3.
I have not shown in the Drawings the harness for opening the sheds
or the knife for severing the pile, as these may be arranged in any
ordinary manner.
Another improvement consists in placing a series of pegs, one above
another, acting as described in the Provisional Specification above
referred to, so as to weave several ribbons, tapes, or other narrow goods
at the same time.
The arrangement of loom shewn at Figures 2, 3, and 4 of the
Drawings is also suitable for thus weaving two narrow fabrics onc
above the other, and differs only from the loom above described for
weaving two pile fabrics face to face in that the set of warps of which
the pile is to be formed and which are moved alternately from onc

page_text: shed into the other are dispensed with, and thus two separate narrow
fabrics are formed in place of two pile fabrics connected together by
pile which is afterwards severed with a knife..
One of the great difficulties in ribbon looms has been to obtain proper
tension on the weft, this I accomplish by constructing the shuttle in
the manner shown at Figures 5 of the Drawings. In these Figures
A is a shuttle carrying the bobbin upon which the weft is wound, and
also the tension springs D, D, which press the friction surfaces S against
the circumference of the bobbin of weft; E is a hole in the nose of
the shuttle, out of which the weft passes into the ribbon. When the
bobbin is full the whole of the friction surface S. may bear against the
circumference of the bobbin; as the bobbin becomes empty the acting
friction surface gradually diminishes, and at the same time as. will be
readily understood the spring also gradually exerts less. power as the
circumference of the bobbin diminishes.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Cunliffe Lister, have here-
unto set my hand and scal, this Twenty-sixth day of June, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
one.