IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR CUTTING AND SHAPING METALS
Year: 1885

page_text: I HENRY GREENWOOD of Albion Works, Leeds in the County of York, Engineer
do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR
CUTTING AND SHAPING METALS," to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to provide in one machine means for planing or
surfacing work in vertical and horizontal planes simultaneously, and for giving
obliquity when desired to one of the cutter spindles to suit the work in hand.
The machine will also serve according to the nature of the tools employed, to
cut grooves or mouldings either longitudinally or transversely of the work, and also
to fuce up the work transversely.
To this end I construct a machine somewhat after the manner of an ordinary
planing machine providing it with a bed to receive a travelling table fitted with
self acting quick and slow motions, and with automatic stop motions for passing,
the work under the action of the cutting tools.
Attached to the opposite sides of this bed is a pair of standards which are faced
to receive an adjustable transverse slide, on the vertical face of which are fitted.
saddles for carrying the cutter spindles.
I will first describe my machine as intended to work with a vertical and a
horizontal cutter spindle.
In this case one saddle will carry bearings for the vertical spindle' which is
capable of endway adjustment therein and the other slide will be fitted with a
rocking frame for carrying the bearings for the horizontal cutter spindle.
The transverse slide is cast with bearings to receive a horizontal shaft which is
grooved from end to end and lying in the hollow of the saddles forms the centre for
the rocking frame just mentioned.
Fitted to this grooved shaft is a short sleeve which has its bearings in the saddle
carrying the vertical cutter spindle and is fitted with a pair of mitre wheels. This
shaft is driven through change wheels by a belt from a pulley on the main driving
shaft and from it the cutter spindles receive their motion.
Mounted in the transverse slide are two horizontal screws one being worked
automatically to give a to and fro traverse motion to the saddle carrying the
vertical cutter spindle and the other worked by hand to adjust the position of the
saddle of the horizontal cutter spindle.

page_text: In place of one vertical and one horizontal cutter spindle the machine may be
fitted with a pair of vertical or a pair of horizontal cutter spindles.
In some cases I mount the vertical spindle in bearings carried by a turn-plate
which is pivotted to the saddle, but this will only require to be used when an
inclined surface is to be faced up or to be grooved.
The mitre wheels on the sleeve are intended to gear into a mitre wheel keyed on
a vertical shaft and having its bearings in the saddle carrying the vertical cutter
spindle.
A spur pinion on the top of this shaft gears into a spur wheel carried by the
vertical cutter spindle. The distance between the pair of mitre wheels on the
sleeve is such that by shifting it endwise, either wheel of the pair may be put
into gear with the mitre wheel on the vertical shaft. When however it is in
an intermediate position the mitre wheels will be disengaged.
This arrangement provides for the driving of the cutter spindle in either
direction and for leaving it quiescent without stopping the rotation of the grooved
horizontal shaft.
For imparting rotary motion to the horizontal cutter spindle it is connected by
spur gearing directly to the grooved horizontal shaft it, being free to slide in the
boss of a spur wheel having its bearing in the slide and locked to its spur wheel
by a groove and feather.
The rocking frame which carries this horizontal cutter spindle is furnished with
sector racks into which gear worms carried by the saddle for adjusting the position
of the rocking frame and for holding the cutter of the horizontal spindle to
its work.
The further to secure the spindle in its adjusted position clamping screws are
provided.
When the vertical cutter spindle is mounted on a turnplate I mount also on the
same plate the vertical shaft before mentioned as fitted with a mitre wheel in gear
with those on the sleeve and serving to drive the cutter spindle through spur
gearing. This shaft is now advanced clear of the mitre wheels and between it and
the mitre wheels on the sleeve I interpose a short shaft the axis of which coincides
with the axis of the turn plate.
This short shaft carries on its inner end a mitre wheel which gears into the mitre
wheels on the sleeve, and on the back of this is a second mitre wheel which gears
into that of the vertical shaft.
As therefore the turnplate is moved on its centre to accommodate the cutter
spindle to its work, the mitre wheels on the short shaft will simply roll over the
mitre wheels with which they are in gear, and transmit the rotary motion of the
horizontal grooved shaft to the shaft in gear with the cutter spindle, whatever
position that spindle may take up.
The spur pinion which gears into the wheel on the vertical cutter spindle is
made broad to allow of the endway adjustment of that spindle without putting
it out of gear, such adjustment being required to determine the depth of cut.
The form of the cutting tools will vary with the special work required to be
produced, and any well known approved means may be adopted for shifting them
out of action during the back traverse of the work."
Dated this with dox of Anil 1885

page_text: I HENRY GREENWOOD of Albion Works, Leeds, in the County of York,
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:―
The object of this invention is to provide, in one machine, means for cutting and
surfacing work in vertical and horizontal planes simultaneously, and for giving
obliquity, when desired, to the vertical cutter spindle, to suit the work in hand.
The machine will also serve, according to the nature of the tools employed, to
cut grooves or mouldings either longitudinally or transversely of the work, and
also to face up the work transversely.
To this end I construct a machine somewhat after the manner of an ordinary
planing machine, providing it with a bed to receive a travelling table fitted with
self acting quick and slow motions, and with automatic stop motions for passing
the work to and fro under the action of the cutting tools.
Attached to the opposite sides of this bed is a pair of standards, which are faced
to receive an adjustable transverse slide, on the vertical face of which are fitted
saddles or headstocks for carrying the cutter spindles.
:
ر
I will first describe my invention as a combined machine intended to work with
a vertical and a horizontal cutter spindle, reference being had to Figs. 1. 2, and 3,
of the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 shows, in side elevation, partly in section, the improved machine for
cutting and shaping metals.
Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same, partly in section, the section being taken at
the line 1. 2 of Fig. 1, or through the transverse slide, and the saddles mounted
thereon, and carrying the cutter spindles.
Fig. 3 is a front elevation of the machine.
In these Figures, A A is the base frame of the machine, cast with slides for
carrying the traversing table B, on which the work to be operated upon is
mounted.
A¹ A¹ are standards bolted to the base frame A, and braced together by a
transverse tie rod.
These standards are faced up to receive the transverse slide C, formed with a
fixed and adjustable lip for embracing the standards.
This slide C receives a vertical motion from a pair of screws c* mounted in
recesses in the face of the standards A¹, and working in tapped lugs projecting
from the back of the slide.
Keyed to the upper end of these screws are worm wheels, into which gear worms
fitted to a cross shaft C having its bearings in the standards A¹.
On rotating this shaft by a winch handle with which it is provided, the slide C
may be raised and lowered with facility.
The slide C is cast with a rebate on its face, and with flanges at top and
bottom to receive the saddles D and E, the former of which carries the vertical
cutter spindle, and the latter the horizontal cutter spindle..
.j

page_text: The transverse slide C is cast with bearings to receive a horizontal shaft C
which is grooved from end to end, and lies in the hollow of the saddles D and E.
Fitted to this grooved shaft is a short sleeve c, which has its bearings in the
saddle D, and is fitted with a pair of mitre wheels c¹, for the purpose of driving
the cutter spindle of that saddle.-The shaft C3 is driven through change wheels
by a belt from a pulley on the main driving shaft F, and from the grooved
shaft C the cutter spindles receive their motion d'is á horizontal screw mounted
in the transverse slide; this screw is worked automatically, to give a to and fro
traverse motion to the saddle D carrying the vertical cutter spindle.-e is a second
horizontal screw mounted in the transverse slide C, and worked by hand to adjust
the position of the saddle E of the horizontal cutter spindle.
The horizontal screw dis tapped into, and passes through and beyond the
saddle D.
Similarly, the horizontal screw e is tapped into the saddle E, passing through
the saddle D to reach the saddle E.
This screw e is rotated by a winch handle to give the requisite lateral traverse
to its saddle, but the screw d, which is automatically driven, receives its motion
from the shaft C through a train of change wheels 111, for the purpose of
traversing the saddle D, with its headstock and cutter, to and fro over the work.―
The saddle is fitted with a sliding headstock D¹, on which the cutter spindle d¹³ is
mounted as usual.
This spindle carries, at its lower end, a horizontal face cutter d², and it has keyed
to its upper end, a spur wheel d³, which gears into a broad pinion d', keyed to a
short vertical shaft carried in bearings on the saddle D. On the lower end of
this shaft is keyed a mitre wheel do, which is capable of gearing into one or other
of the mitre wheels c¹ on the sleeve c.
The distance apart of these mitre wheels c¹ is such, that the mitre wheel do may
not only engage with one or other of these wheels, but, when desired, stand clear
of both.
For this purpose, an annular groove is formed on the sleeve c to receive a
crank pin, which is carried by a rock shaft c mounted in the saddle D.
A handle on this rock shaft is provided for giving an axial motion thereto,
and sliding the sleeve (through the crank pin) into one or other of its three
positions.
In one extreme position, it will drive the cutter spindle, say, to the right; when
set in the other extreme position, it will drive the cutter-spindle in the reverse
direction; and when set in the intermediate position, the mitre wheels will be out
of gear.
For securing the sleeve c in either of these positions, a snap bolt c' is provided.-
This bolt is fitted to the bearing of the rock shaft, and three holes are drilled in
the rock shaft in the plane of the snap bolt, corresponding to the three positions
which the crank pin is required to take to shift the sleeve c into its three positions.
As, therefore, one or other of these holes comes opposite the suap bolt, the rock
shaft c², and consequently the sleeve c, will be locked.
I have said that the slide which carries the saddles D, E is capable of vertical
adjustment. This is for the purpose of roughly adjusting the cutters to their
work.
The cutter spindle d' is, however, provided with a more minute adjustment, for
the purpose of determining the depth of cut.
The slide D¹, carrying the cutter spindle, is adjustable vertically on its saddle.
For this purpose, there is affixed to the saddle a vertical screw d', on which is
mounted a worm wheel stapped to fit the thread of the screw.
This worm wheel is embraced by lugs projecting from the slide D¹, and in gear
with the worm wheel is a worm carried by a spindle mounted in bearings on
the slide D. A hand wheel 71, keyed to the outer end of this worm spindle, is
provided for imparting an axial motion to the worm spindle, and consequently to
the worm wheel, which, as it is rotated, will travel slowly up or down the fixed

page_text: screw d, and carry with it the slide D¹, thereby adjusting the cutter d' accurately
to its work.
The horizontal cutter spindle shewn at e' is mounted in a headstock consisting
of a pair of rocking arms e mounted loosely on the transverse shaft C³, and shewn
detached from the machine at Figs. 4 and 5. These arms are formed with
elongated bosses, which enter, the one into a socket in a bracket e* at the outer
end of the saddle, and the other in a bracket c fixed to the transverse slide C.
These arms carry bearings, for the cutter spindle e', which is coned near its inner
end to fit into a cone shaped bearing of the inner or sliding rocking arm (Fig. 4).
At this end, the cutter spindle is socketted to receive the stein of the cutter,
which is secured in place in the usual manner.
The other or outer end of the cutter spindle is free to slide endwise through the
outer rocking arm (Fig. 5), which constitutes a bearing for a spur wheel e³ provided
for driving the cutter spindle e'.
:
This spindle is grooved longitudinally to receive a feather carried by the boss of
the wheel, and the wheel is connected to the stationary.rocking arm in such a
manner as to prevent its moving laterally when the cutter spindle is adjusted
end wise.
The arms ee" are formed with sector racks, into which gear worms et e*,
mounted, the one in the fixed bracket c5, and the other in the bracket e* of the
saddle.
Keyed to the spindles of these worms are worm wheels e³, into which gear'
worms e fitted to a shaft e' mounted in bearings in the brackets. e* and c³. The
worm nearest the bracket c has an elongated boss, which passes through that
bracket, and is retained in position by means of a nut, while it is free to rotate
with the shaft e' on which it is keyed.
The shaft e' is grooved longitudinally, and connected by a feather to the worm
of the bracket e*.
The outer end of this shaft is squared to receive a winch handle for turning it,
in order to adjust the position of the rocking arms, and consequently of the cutter
spindle e¹, to suit the work in hand.
When the rocking arms are thus adjusted, they are secured in position to their
respective brackets by means of clamping screws e, passed through segment slots
formed in the brackets.
The cutter spindle is driven from the shaft C³, a pinion co on that shaft gearing
into the spur wheel e³ on the cutter spindle.
I have said that the traverse of the table B, to pass the work under the action
of the cutters, is effected as heretofore. It is therefore unnecessary to refer in
detail to the mechanism provided for this purpose, as the well known' arrangement
of gearing for giving the quick and slow motions, and for reversing the direction of
traverse, will be readily understood, on inspecting the drawings. Supposing, now,
the table to have clamped to it a piece of work, which it is intended to operate
upon simultaneously on its upper and side faces, it will only be necessary to fit to
the two spindles d¹ e¹, face cutters, and to adjust them properly to their work.
On motion being applied to the machine, the cutter spindles will simultaneously
rotate by reason of their connection with the driving shaft C2, and the table will
travel the work under the action of the cutters.
I may remark that in place of one vertical and one horizontal cutter spindle
(as shewn in the drawings), the machine may be fitted with a pair of vertical, or a
pair of horizontal cutter spindles, or the machine may be constructed in the form
of a single upright machine, somewhat after the form of a slotting machine.
Fig. 6 shews a modification of the mode of mounting the vertical spindle.
In this case, the bearings for the spindle are carried by a turnplate, or swivelling
headstock G, which is pivotted to its saddle G-This arrangement is designed
specially for use when an inclined surface is to be faced up, or to be grooved.
This turnplate or headstock carries also the short shaft d³ of Fig. 1, carrying
a broad pinion d for driving the cutter spindle, and fitted with a mitre wheel do

page_text: for gearing into the mitre wheels c¹ of the sleeve on the shaft C3; but instead of
gearing directly into these mitre wheels, there is a double mitre wheel d* inter-
posed between the mitre wheels c¹ and do, to provide for the turning of the plate G
upon its axis, without interfering with the driving of the cutter spindle.
The axle which carries the double mitre wheel d* coincides with the centre of
notion of the turn plate G, and it is carried by being fitted into a deep socket in
the back of that plate.
As, therefore, the turn plate is moved on its centre to accommodate the cutter
spindle to its work, the mitre wheel de will simply roll over the mitre wheel d*,
and transmit, as in the first described arrangement, the rotary motion of the
horizontal shaft C to the cutter spindle, whatever position that spindle may
take up.
It will be understood that the spur pinion d, which gears into the wheel d³ on
the vertical cutter spindle, is made broad to allow of the endway adjustment of
that spindle, without putting it out of gear, such adjustment being required to
determine the depth of cut.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. The combination of vertical and horizontal milling headstocks mounted upon
a cross slide, and driven from a transverse shaft carried by the slide, as and for the
purpose above set forth.
2. The arrangement for adjusting the horizontal cutter spindle bearings as
described and shown in the drawings.
3. The arrangement for driving the vertical spindle, so as to allow of its being`
reversed, stopped, or started, as described with reference to the drawings.
4. The arrangement of swivelling headstock and gearing for transmitting.
motion to the cutter spindle, as described with reference to Fig. 6 of the drawings.
5. The arrangement for carrying the driving gear at the end of the cross slide,
as described with reference to the drawings.
Dated thie 15th dev of January 1986
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.