IMPROVEMENTS IN ORGANS AND HARMONIUMS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Thorneloc, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Joiner, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORGANS
AND HARMONIUMS."
Scaled the 11th July 1873, and dated the 3rd February 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Thorncloc at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd February 1873.
"IM-
I, JAMES THORNELOE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Joiner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
PROVEMENTS IN ORGANS AND HARMONIUMS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the several improvements, herein-after
described, in organs and harmoniums.
I arrange the several rows of keys, when two or more rows are
employed, in such a manner that the vertical distance from the black
keys of one row to the white keys of the row next above it is equal to
the height of the black keys. By this arrangement the performer can
perform with one hand partly on one row of keys and partly on another.

page_text: In order to couple either row of keys to that next below it I employ
the following arrangement:-To the front of the thumping rail under-
neath cach row of keys I connect a series of short levers corresponding
with the several keys. By the sliding forward of the thumping rail
these levers can be brought between the front ends of the row of keys
under which they are situated, and the corresponding keys of the row
next below it, so that when one of the upper keys is pressed down the
lever underneath it presses down a corresponding key on the row next
below, and by a like arrangement underneath that row of keys the
corresponding key of the third row may thus be pressed down, and so on.
By sliding back the thumping rails of the respective rows of keys the
levers described may be thrown out of action.
For coupling a row of keys with the row next above it I employ
cylindrical couplers in square transverse holes, in which small metallic
stickers corresponding to the respective keys work. By giving to the
cylindrical couplers rotation through a quadrant by means of draw-stops
the said metallic stickers may be brought cither into a horizontal or
vertical position, and thus thrown out of or brought into action. By this
arrangement the coupling of a row of keys to that next above it is
effected noiselessly.
In order to couple the upper of three or more rows of keys to the
lower row or the reverse, or to effect the coupling of other than con-
tiguous rows of keys, I employ two squares or right angled levers in
connection with the rows of keys respectively. These squares may be
coupled together or disconnected, and are capable of being raised and
lowered. When the upper squares are lowered on their keys, and
coupled with the lower squares, the motion of the upper keys is trans-
mitted to the stickers of the lower keys, and the reverse. By raising
the upper row of stickers, and disconnecting them from the lower row,
the two rows of keys work without operating upon the said squares.
In order to couple the keys of any row with the octaves higher or
lower of the same row, or of a different row, I employ sets of diagonal
lovers carried by bars, which levers when brought into gear by the draw-
stop connect the levers of the said keys with their respective octaves
higher or lower on the same or on different rows of keys. The levers for
connecting the keys with their higher octaves have a diagonal position
at right angles to or crossing that of the levers connecting the keys with
their lower octaves.

page_text: In order to open the pallets by the agency of electricity I connect the
armature of an electro-maguct to cach key by means of two metallic
plates, one plate being fixed to the rail and the other to the sticker.
The sticker, when raised, is pressed by a spring so as to bring its metallic
plate into contact with that on the rail, and thus complete the clectric
circuit. The apparatus may be thrown out of action by the raising of
the rails carrying the fixed plates and the springs.
I construct the sound board so that the pipes, upper board, slider, and
portion of table appertaining to any stop may be removed without
disturbing the remainder. I make the sound board bars in two pieces,
one vertical and morticed, and the other horizontal and tenoned into
the former. I make table of several pieces corresponding to the ranks
of pipes, and rebated to fit on fixed strips. The bearers and upper boards
are smaller than the parts forming the table, so that each set can be
removed without disturbing the others.
I construct the pallets with a parallel motion instead of the ordinary
hinge joint, by which arrangement the said pallets are lifted clear of their
openings, and close by their own weight. The pallet is lifted from its
scat by means of a rod or sticker connected to a knee or toggle joint.
The pressing down of the key raises or depresses a sticker connected to
the middle of the said knec or toggle joint, and by straightening the
said joint presses the first named sticker against the inner side of the
pallet, and lifting it from the seat on the opening permits the passage of
air through the said opening to the pipes.
In order to diminish the resistance to the lifting of the pallets, and to
supersede the pneumatic lever movement ordinarily employed for that
purpose, I make the pallets compound, that is to say, the pallet closing
the opening may have a large opening made in it closed by a second
pallet having a limited motion upon the former or principal pallet. The
sticker acts first on the secondary pallet, and opens it to the limited
distance through which it is capable of opening. The further motion of
the sticker causes the secondary pallet to carry the first one with it, and
thus effect the full opening of the air passage with little effort to the
performer. In large organs the said. knee or toggle joint may be made
double acting, that is, a sticker at each end may be made to open a valve.
"
In constructing the swell I employ two sets of Venetian shutters con-
nected respectively to the opposite ends of a beam, the shutters of one set
opening upwards, and those of the other set opening downwards. By

page_text: this arrangement the shutters are balanced in every position, and can bo
operated quickly, and with great case. This arrangement may either be
used by itself or in conjunction with a swell of the ordinary kind; in
which latter case novel effects, unattainable by the ordinary swell, may
be obtained.
I construct the whole of the parts of any one scries (except the pipes).
throughout the instrument of one uniform size, and for those parts which
require to be larger I substitute two or more parts, and connect them
together. The said parts are thus made replaceable, and may to a large
extent be made by machinery.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Thorncloc in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 25th July 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
THORNELOE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Joiner, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said James Thorneloc, Her special licence
that I, the said James Thorncloc, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said James Thorncloc, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORGANS AND
HARMONIUMS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James
Thorneloc, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed

page_text: in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Thorneloc, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention consists of the several improvements herein-after
described in organs and harmoniums.
I arrange the several rows of keys, when two or more rows are
employed, in such a manner that the vertical distance from the black
keys of one row to the white keys of the row next above it is equal to
the height of the black keys. By this arrangement the performer can
perform with one hand partly on one row of keys and partly on
another.
In order to couple cither row of keys to that next below it I employ
the following arrangement:-To the front of the thumping rail under-
neath cach row of keys (except the bottom row) I connect a series of
short levers corresponding with the several keys. By the sliding
forward of the thumping rail these lovers can be brought between the
front ends of the row of keys under which they are situated, and the
corresponding keys of the row next below it, so that when one of the
upper keys is pressed down the lever underneath it presses down a
corresponding key on the row next below, and by a like arrangement
underneath that row of keys the corresponding key of the third row
may thus be pressed down, and so on. By sliding back the thumping
rails of the respective rows of keys the levers described may be thrown
out of action.
For coupling a row of keys with the row next above it I employ
cylindrical couplers having square transverse holes in them, in which
holes small metallic stickers corresponding to the respective keys work.
By giving to the cylindrical couplers rotation through a quadrant by
means of draw-stops, the said metallic stickers may be brought cither
into a horizontal or vertical position, and thus thrown out of or brought
into action. By this arrangement the coupling of a row of keys to that
next above it is effected noiselessly.
In order to couple the upper of three or more rows of keys to the
lower row, or the reverse, or to effect the coupling of other than

page_text: contiguous rows of keys I employ two squares or right-angle levers in
connection with the rows of keys respectively. These squares may bo
coupled together or disconnected and are capable of being raised and
lowered. When the upper squares are lowered on their keys and
coupled with their lower squares, the motion of the upper keys is t
transmitted to the stickers of the lower keys, and the reverse. By
raising the upper row of stickers, and disconnecting them from the
lower row, the two rows of keys work without operating upon the said
squares.
In order to couple the keys of any row with the octaves higher or 1
lower of the same row or of a different row, I employ sets of diagonal
levers carried by bars, which levers when brought into gear by the draw
stop connect the levers of the said keys with their respective octaves
higher or lower on the same or on different rows of keys. The levers
for connecting the keys with their higher octaves have a diagonal 1
position at right angles to or crossing that of the levers connecting the
keys with their lower octaves.
In order to open the pallets by the agency of electricity, I connect
the armature of an electro-magnet to each key by means of two
metallic plates, one plate being fixed to the rail and the other to the 2
sticker. The sticker when raised is pressed by a spring so as to bring
its metallic plate into contact with that on the rail and thus completo
the electric circuit. The apparatus may be thrown out of action by the
raising of the rails carrying the fixed plates and the springs.
I construct the sound board so that the pipes, upper board, slider, and 2
portion of table appertaining to any stop may be removed without
disturbing the remainder. I make the sound board bars in two pieces,
one vertical and morticed, and the other horizontal and tenoned into the
former. I make the table of several pieces corresponding to the rauk
of pipes, and rebated to fit on fixed strips. The bearers and upper 3
boards are smaller than the parts forming the table, so that cach set can
be removed without disturbing the others.
I construct the pallets with a parallel motion instead of the ordinary
hinge joint, by which arrangement the said pallets are lifted clear of
their openings and close by their own weight. The pallet is lifted from 3
its scat by means of a rod or sticker connected to a kuce or toggle
joint. The pressing down of the key raises or depresses a sticker

page_text: connected to the middle of the said knee or toggle joint, and by
straightening tho said joint presses the first-named sticker against tho
inner side of the pallet, and lifting it from tho seat on the opening
permits the passage of air through the said opening to the pipes.
In order to diminish the resistance to the lifting of the pallets and to
supersede the pneumatic lever movement ordinarily employed for that
purpose, I make the pallets compound, that is to say, the pallet closing
the opening may have a large opening made in it closed by a second
pallet having a limited motion upon the former or principal pallet.
The sticker acts first upon the secondary pallet, and opens it to the limited
distance through which it is capable of opening. The further motion
of the sticker causes the secondary pallet to carry the first one with it
and thus effect the full opening of the air passage with little effort to
the performer. In large organs the said knee or toggle joint may be
made double acting, that is, a sticker at each end may be made to open
a valve.
In constructing the swell I employ two sets of Venetian shutters
connected respectively to the opposite ends of a beam, the shutters
of one set opening upwards, and those of the other set opening
downwards. By this arrangement the shutters are balanced in overy
position, and can be operated quickly and with great casc. 'This
arrangement may either be used by itself or in conjunction with a
swell of the ordinary kind; in which latter case novel effects, un-
attainable by the ordinary swell, may be obtained.
I construct the whole of the parts of any one series (except the
pipes) throughout the instrument of one uniform size, and for those
parts which require to be larger I substitute two or more parts and
connect them together. The said parts are thus made replaceable, and
may to a large extent be made by machinery.
The accompanying Drawings illustrate my several improvements.
Figure 1 is a vertical section of the keys and the various couplers
of an organ or harmonium constructed according to my Invention, and
Figure 18 is a perspective view of the keys represented in Figure 1.
The couplers and parts connected therewith are also represented in
Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6ª, 7, and 8.
The keys marked A, A,.A, are constructed so that the front edges
of the several keys are situated nearly in an inclined plane, indicated

page_text: by the lino A', Figure 1. The said keys have vertically a radial or
fan-like arrangement, that is, the rear ends of the key lovers aro
separated to a much greater distance from cach other than their
front ends. By this means the required space for the pin rails and
the unison couplers is obtained. A strong metallic plate forms the
front rails B, B, of the upper rows of keys, the guide pins being
soldered to the front edge of the plate as represented at B'. The
couplers, connecting a lower row of keys to an upper row, are formed
by a series of arms C, C, hinged or jointed to the front edge of the
thumping rail E, E, which rail is moved forward by pulling out the
draw-stop. By this motion the arms C, C, being advanced under the
front ends of the keys A, A, they fill up the space between the under
side of the key A and the upper side of the key immediately below it,
and thus cause the depression of the upper key to effect the depression
of the key below it.
The arrangement of arms C, C, described for connecting the upper
with the lower rows of keys, requires that the white keys and the black
ones be of similar length. To effect this a plate is fixed underneath
the front end of each black key, which plate extends as far as the front
of the white keys. A portion of the under side of the white keys on
either side a black key is cut away, the plate described working in the
cavity thus made in the white keys. By this arrangement the black
and white keys are made of uniform length for the action of the
arms C, C.
The couplers connecting an upper row of keys to a lower row are
formed of cylindrical couplers or rollers marked D, D). These are made
of two semi-cylindrical parts joined together. A rectangular channel
is made in the axis of each of the cylindrical couplers D, and metallic
stickers D³, D³, work in transverse holes made in the said cylindrical
couplers. A collar on the middle of each sticker limits its motion. The
serics of stickers corrospond with the series of keys. When either of
the cylindrical couplers D is brought into such a position that its
stickers D' are vertical, the two rows of keys between which the
said coupler is situated are coupled together, so that the depression
of any key in the lower row causes the depression of the corresponding
key in the row above it, as will be understood by an examination of the
upper cylindrical coupler D in Figure 1. When the coupler D is
turned so that its stickers are inclined, as represented in the lower

page_text: coupler D, Figure 1, the two rows of keys between which the coupler
is situated arc uncoupled. By pulling out a draw-stop the cylindrical
coupler connected therewith is brought into the position of the upper
coupler D, Figure 1; and by pushing in the draw-stop the said coupler
is brought into the position of the lower coupler D, Figure 1.
The coupler connecting the upper of three or four rows to a lower row
is formed of two squares or right angle levers F, F, represented in Figure 1.
If a key in the top row is pressed down it lifts the horizontal arm of the
square, and the vertical arm of the said square pressing against the lower
square at H will lift the sticker G and the corresponding key in the
lower row. But if the top square F is raised to the position indicated by
the dotted lines F³, Figure 1, and shown in continuous lines at F³,
Figure 2, and the rails supporting the stickers J are lowered, as shown
in Figure 2, on pressing down a key in the lower row the lower square F
presses back the roller I, the roller L taking back the arm of the upper
square F and thereby raising the sticker K and the corresponding key in
the upper row. This movement is controlled by the arrangement
represented in plan in Figure 6^. The said arrangement consists of two
draw stops 3, 4, the rods of which draw-stops are continued beyond the
connection acting upon the squares F, F, and sticker J, Figures 1, 2,
and 3. A small block is formed on the end of each rod. A lever 5ª
turning upon a centre carries at each end a roller, upon which roller the
blocks 3º, 4º, act. If one of the rods 3, 4, be drawn out and the other
be afterwards drawn out, that last drawn out will take in that first drawn
out.
The octave couplers are represented in Figure 1, and are constructed
with six sets of levers or backfalls, five of which are parallel and one
diagonal; the parallel ones being marked O, P, Q, R, S, and the diagonal
one T. The diagonal levers T are placed diagonally with respect to the
levers R, Q, so that while the front end of the lever T is over the front
end of the lever R the rear end of the said lever T is under one of the
levers Q, an octave higher or lower, so that the motion of the lever R
transmitted through the lever T operates upon one of the levers Q an
octave to the right or left of the lever R. The three sets of levers O, P, S,
when not in use are raised to the positions indicated by the dotted lines.
If on pressing down a key in the upper row it is required to sound the
octave above, the draw-stop 1, represented in Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7, is
drawn out, taking with it the inclined plane b, the roller a moving down,

page_text: the incline lowers the levers O to the position shown in Figure 1, the
key raises the sticker V which takes up the lever R, which by means of
the tracker W depresses the diagonal lever T, raising the sticker U and
levers Q and O, and the upper portions of the sticker V twelve notes to
the right. If the octave higher in the lower row is required to sound
with the key in the upper row the draw stop 2, Figures 4, 5, and 6, is
drawn out, taking with it the incline c, the roller e moving down the
incline c lowers the levers P, when by the action before described the
upper part of the sticker X, Figure 1, is raised twelve notes to the right.
If on pressing down a key in the lower row it is required to sound the
octave higher in the upper row, the draw-stop 3, Figures 4, 5, 6, and 8,
is drawn out, taking with it the two inclines & and f, the rollers o and u
moving down the inclines lowers the inclines b and g, and the rollers a
and i following the inclines band g bring on the levers O and S. The
key in the lower row lifting the sticker X takes up the levers S, R., the
tracker W bringing down the diagonal lever T, the sticker U lifting the
levers Q and O, which lift the upper portion of the sticker V twelve
notes to the right.
If on pressing down a key in the lower row it is required to sound the
octave above, the draw-stop 4, Figures 4, 5, and 6, is drawn out, taking
with it the incline g, and thereby lowering the roller i, the incline c, and
roller e, and bringing into action the levers P and S. The key lifting
one of the stickers X acts through the medium of the several levers.
operating upon the upper portion of, and thereby raising one of the
stickers x twelve notes to the right of that sticker X operated upon by
the key. The four combinations may be produced simultaneously by
drawing out the draw-stops 2 and 3, which bring on the three sets of
levers O, P, and S. If the stop 4 is out it will be drawn in by the levers.
at Z, Figure 4. Or if the stops 2 and 3 are out they will be drawn in by
the same means on drawing out the slop 4. By reversing the diagonal;
levers, or by constructing a duplicate. movement to the above, the.
corresponding combinations may be produced an octave lower.
Where the octave combinations are required to connect the upper of
three or four rows of keys to the lower row of keys, I substitute the
arrangement represented in Figure 3 for that represented in Figures 1:
and 2, the two squares F, F, being reversed, and in lieu of the stickers
aud cylindrical couplers I use a series of backfalls M, the squares F

page_text: being connected thereto by short stickers N, N. The draw-stops act as
before described and produce the same result.
Figure 9 is a section of a sound board and wind chest constructed
according to my Invention. The bars forming the channels are marked
A and B, the grain of the wood in the bars A being vertical and
mortised, and the grain of the wood in the bars B being horizontal, and
the said bars B being tenoned in the bars A. a, a, a, are thin bearers
let into the top edge of the bars. On these and also on the top edge of
the bars I glue strips of leather. I screw down the boards forming the
table & to the top edge of the bars, the joints being on the centre of the
bearers a, a, a. The bearers, sliders, and upper boards are arranged to
correspond with the table. By this means any rank of pipes may bo
taken out and other pipes requiring more or less wind may be substituted
for them. On pressing down a key the sticker c, Figure 9, is raised, the
sticker & turning upon a fixed centre at i. The stickers d, e, are brought
into a right line by the raising of the sticker c, and the rod which
opens the pallet is pressed forward. The pallets are constructed with
a parallel movement ³, by which means they are lifted clear of the
opening and close by their own weight. The key being pressed down,
the sticker c riscs, and the stickers d, e, are straightened or brought into
a right line, the sticker j forcing open the pallet g which has its bearing
upon the framing h, and is jointed thereto at bottom; & is a staple which
limits the motion of the pallet 9 with respect to the framing h. The
moving forward of the stickor j first raises the pallet from off the
framing to the extent permitted by the staple , and next raises the
framing from its scat. By the raising of the pallet g the pressure on
the framing is so much reduced that the opening of the pallet made in
this way is effected with little resistance to the finger of the performer.
Where the touch is sufficiently light to allow of a simpler pallet, I usc
the construction shown at Figure 10. In cach of the arrangements,
Figures 9 and 10, the pallets close by their own weight.
I
Figure 11 represents my arrangement for opening the pallets by the
agency of electricity. I connect the armature of an electro-magnet to
cach key by means of two metallic plates a, one plate being fixed to the
rail 6 by means of a screw, the wire c forming the connection being
placed under the head of the screw. The other plate is fixed to the
sticker fin a similar manner. On the opposite side of the sticker is
placed a spring fixed to the rail d. The key being pressed down raises

page_text: the stickers, and the spring forces the faces of the two metal plates a
together. If the rails & and ‹ are raised to the position indicated by the
dotted lines, the sticker moves without bringing the plates a into
contact.
My improvements in constructing the swell are represented in
Figures 12, 13, and 14. I construct two sets of shutters at the front,
Figure 12, or at each end, Figures 13 and 14, or one at the front and tho
second at the back of the swell box, one set of the shutters opening
outwards and upwards (Figure 13) and the other set outwards and
downwards (Figure 14). The sets of shutters are connected together
by a bar or beam a, Figure 12, working upon a pivot b. By this means
the shutters are balanced at any point within the distance through
which they move. The bar a may be placed at the bottom of the
shutters. The shutters are controlled by means of a pedal represented
in Figure 15, and when closed the pedal takes the position indicated by
the line a, b, and when open takes the position indicated by the
line c, d. At some convenient place on the swell rod I place a spring a
represented in Figure 10, one end being fixed to the building frame as
at and the other end resting upon the collar c, which is the position
of the spring when the shutters are closed. On opening the shutters
and removing the foot from the pedal they close instantly. In order
to remove the pressure of the spring I use an iron rod ƒ with a collar
on which the spring rests; this being raised by a small pedal a,
Figure 17, brought down and resting in a recess at h, raises the spring
to the position at d, Figure 16, when the shutters remain stationary at
any point, the small pedal being placed convenient to the one
represented at Figure 15. The performer may by a slight movement
of the foot remove it from the recess.
I am aware that attempts have been made to bring the several rows
of keys nearer each other, but in no case have they been placed nearly
in an inclined plane, and with two rows within reach at once, nor with a
fan-like arrangement.
I am also aware that attempts have been made to balance the swell
shutters, but such attempts have involved the use of additional
mechanism.
Having now docoviled the nature of
Tention and the RAKHAN

page_text: J
do not limit myself to the precise details herein described and
illustrated, as the same may be varied without departing from the
nature of my Invention; but I claim as my Invention of improvements
in organs and harmoniums,-
Firstly. Arranging the several rows of koys with their front ends in
one inclined plane with any two rows of keys within reach of one
hand; also arranging the rows of keys over one another in a divergent
or fan-like manner, as herein-before described and illustrated in
Figures 1 and 18 of the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. Constructing a coupler for connecting or coupling a lower
row of keys to an upper row by a series of short arms or levers com-
municating with the several keys and jointed to the thumping rail of
the lower row of keys, the sliding forward of the thumping rail bringing
the said short arms under the front ends of the upper row of keys and
causing the depression of any key in the upper row to effect tho
depression of a corresponding key of the row below it, substantially as
described and illustrated in Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings.
Thirdly. Constructing a coupler for coupling an upper row to a lower
row of keys by a cylindrical coupler having a rectangular channel in
its axis, and having metallic stickers corresponding to the respective
keys working in transverse holes in the said cylindrical couplers, the
partial rotation of the cylindrical couplers in one or other direction
bringing the said stickers into a vertical position, in which position they
effect the transmission of motion from the lower keys to the upper keys,
or bringing the said stickers into an inclined position, in which
position they are thrown out of action, substantially as herein-before
described and illustrated in Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the accompanying
Drawings.
Fourthly. The construction of a coupler connecting the upper row of
three or more rows of keys to thic lower row, and the reverse, so as to
couple other than contiguous rows of keys by means of squares or
right-angle levers constructed and arranged and operating substantially
as herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 6 of
the accompanying Drawings.

page_text: .diagonal levers, as herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 1,
4, 5, 6, Gª, 7, and 8 of the accompanying Drawings.
Sixthly. The construction of the sound boards in sections to facilitato
renewal or alteration, and to counteract the expansion and contraction
of the material, as herein-before described and illustrated in Figure 9 of
the accompanying Drawings.
Seventhly. The construction of the pallets to close by their own
weight without the aid of springs, as herein-before described and
illustrated in Figures 9 and 10 of the accompanying Drawings; also
the arrangement of parts for diminishing the pressure on the pallet,
and the mechanism for operating upon the pallet, as herein-before
described and illustrated in Figure 9 of the accompanying Drawings.
Eighthly. The combination of parts for opening the pallets by the
agency of electricity, herein-before described and illustrated in Figure 11
of the accompanying Drawings.
Ninthly. The construction and combination of the parts of the
shutters of the swell herein-before described and illustrated in
Figures 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17 of the accompanying Drawings,
whereby the said shutters are balanced in every position and can be
operated quickly and with great case.
Lastly. Constructing the whole of the parts of any one series (except
the pipes) throughout the instrument of one uniform size to facilitate
renewal, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Thorncloc, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW.
JAMES THORNELOE. (L.S.)