IMPROVEMENTS IN CENTRAL-FIRE CARTRIDGES FOR BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS.
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Woinar, of Vienna, in the Empire of
Austria, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CENTRAL-FIRE CARTRIDGES FOR BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS.'
"
Sealed the 1st December 1868, and dated the 4th June 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Woinar at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th June 1868.
I, ROBERT WOINAR, of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN CENTRAL-FIRE CARTRIDGES FOR BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in that class of
cartridges known as central-fire cartridges applicable to breech-loading
fire-arms. The cartridge case is formed of copper, brass, or other metal

page_text: or alloy, and is recessed at the discharging end, either with a circular
cavity or with an angular recess, in which the detonator is inserted and
fixed. The detonator consists of a metallic receptacle formed of two
pieces of brass or copper or other metal which are bent together, the
one securing the other, and the outer piece after clamping the base is
turned up and thus forms a flange to secure the detonator to the recessed
angular edges of the cartridge case. The base of the detonator is
perforated so as to permit of free communication with the charge, and
the detonator is to be filled with a priming of chlorate of potash and
sulphur or other suitable detonating powder capable of being exploded
by central percussion. By these arrangements the cartridge case may be
used many times, as it is only necessary after recharging it to apply a
new detonator. In some cases instead of the lower margin or edge
of the detonator being turned up into a flange it may be continued
downwards within the charge of powder.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Robert Woinar in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 4th December 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
WOINAR, of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria, Manufacturer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Robert Woinar, Her special licence that
I, the said Robert Woinar, my executors, administrators, and assigns; or
such others as I, the said Robert Woinar, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all. times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exércisé, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CENTRAL-FIRE

page_text: CARTRIDGES FOR BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Robert Woinar, my executors or adminis
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Woinar, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
My Invention relates to certain improvements in that class of
cartridges known as central-fire cartridges applicable to breech-loading
fire-arms. The cartridge case is formed of copper, brass, or other metal
or alloy, and is recessed at the discharging end, either with a circular
cavity or with an angular recess, in which the detonator is inserted and
fixed. The detonator consists of a metallic receptacle formed of two
pieces of brass or copper or other metal which are bent together, the
one securing the other, and the outer piece after clamping the base is
turned up and thus forms a flange to secure the detonator to the recessed
angular edges of the cartridge .case. The base of the detonator is
perforated so as to permit of free communication with the charge, and
the detonator is to be filled with a priming with a priming of chlorate
of potash and sulphur, or other suitable detonating powder capable of
being exploded by central percussion. By these arrangements the
cartridge case may be used many times, as it is only necessary after
the discharge to recharge the cartridge and to apply a new prime or
detonator. In some cases instead of the lower margin or edge of the
detonator being turned up into a flange it may be continued downwards
within the charge of powder.
In order that my said Invention may be completely understood I
annex the accompanying Drawings, in which Fig. 1 shews a vertical
section of the cartridge tube completed, both for the breech, in any
dimensions required, and for the corresponding depth to receive the rivet
of the prime.

page_text: Fig. 2 shews the body of the copper priming receptacle hollowed out
and pierced through the centre to receive the prime.
Fig. 3 shews the rivet copper tube in which the body of the prime is
pressed to the bottom, its effective surface covering the area of the base
of the tube.
Fig. 4 shews the method whereby the tube is closed in rivet form so as
to contain the primed receptacle.
Fig. 5 shews the perforated depth or interior of the tube, and also the
rivet of the prime introduced, furnished with the body of the prime, and
narrowed in the form of a rivet.
Fig. 6 shews the rivet prime confined in position, for which purpose
the rivet collar or flange a of the prime tube (see Fig. 5) is pressed and
turned up round the inner side of the interior of the taper tube of the
cartridge in such a manner as not to suffer the explosive gas of the
discharge to escape. All these Figures are vertical sections. The blow
of the central-fire pin or striker comes upon the surface 6 of the primed
receptacle and discharges the detonator and powder in the cartridge.
It is not absolutely necessary that the tube should be of copper; this
metal is only requisite for the body of the priming receptacle and for the
tube, for the purpose of obtaining a greater protection from the oxydation
caused by the decomposition of the materials of the prime by the
discharge. The tube of the cartridge case may be made of brass, shorter
than shewn in the Drawings, and the remainder may consist of a stiff
paper tube attached thereto for the reception of the powder and the
projectile.
The principal advantage of my Invention consists in the use of the
metallic tube of copper, brass, or other suitable metal, such as steel,
whereby the cartridge case is enabled to be used over and over again. It
is only requisite to clean the tube and to rectify any alteration in its
cylindrical form or calibre, and to provide it with a new rivet prime
receptacle and a body prime.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be carried into practical effect, I would
remark that I do not limit myself to the precise details or configuration
of parts which I have expressed and shewn, as the same may obviously
be varied or modified without departing from the same, but what I claim

page_text: and desire to be secured to me by the herein in part recited Letters
Patent is, the construction of cartridges with cases of metal, or of metal
and paper combined, and with central-fire metal primes or detonators,
substantially as herein specified and shewn.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Woinar, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
Witness,
J. G. CHAUVOIS,
Simmering,
Vienna.
R. WOINAR.. (L.S.)