IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN WASHING, WRINGING, AND MANGLING FABRICS, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PART OR PARTS OF SUCH APPARATUS."
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jeremiah Driver, of Keighley, in the County of
York, Ironfounder, and Joseph Jessop, of Bradford, in the same
County, Machine Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS
OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN WASHING, WRINGING, AND MANGLING FABRICS,
AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PART OR PARTS OF SUCH APPARATUS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jeremiah Driver and
Joseph Jessop at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 24th August 1861.
We, JEREMIAH DRIVER, of Keighley, in the County of York, Ironfounder,
and JOSEPH JESSOP, of Bradford, in the same County, Machine Maker, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MRANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN WASHING, WRINGING, AND MANGLING FABRICS,
AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PART OR PARTS OF SUCH APPARATUS," to be as
follows:-
The improvements relates, first, to a method of constructing metallic rollers
and parts thereof used in washing, wringing, and mangling machines. For
this purpose the core boxes are formed likewise in two halves, each adapted
to receive a moveable model arbor or axle with (supposing four arms at each
end to be required) one whole arm at each end and two half arms. Having
place 1 the model arbor or axis in position in one half of the box, we ram in
гр. 821

page_text: sand as a half core, so that when the model arbor or axle is removed the
impression thereof may remain; we then do the like with the other half core
box. The two half cores thus obtained form one core adapted when placed in
the mould for the surface of the cylinder or roller, to produce in one casting a
cylinder or roller with its axis or arbor, and the arms supporting it, or if
desired the axle may be separately formed with holes through at the arms to
be cast on.
Also the improvements relate to forming the axles of castors or supporting
wheels of washing, wringing, and mangling machines, in casting the framing
thereof. For this purpose the castors or wheels previously formed and bored
for the axle, are with a little loam or sand thereon, placed in position in the
mould, and the metal for the frame is allowed to flow through and form the
uxles.
The improvements also relate to the principle and means of supporting the
axle of the upper of the squeezing rollers in such machines. We form the
bearings or "dies" between the axles of the two squeezing rollers at each end
in two parts, adapted to admit of the two rollers coming as close as desired to
each other. Que part of each bearing is formed hollow as a socket, to receive
a projection from the other, which is also hollow to receive a suitable spring.
These springs acting with a top spring or top springs or other means of
pressure, serve to give a compensating pressure adapted to the different
thickness of cloths introduced and removed from between those rollers, and
without jerking or concussion of the parts. We also apply levers, elliptic, or
other springs, to answer the same purpose as above described.
We also form the metal squeezing rollers fluid-tight, and with an opening
with stopper to each to admit of the hot fluid being introduced and retained
therein for heating such rollers, and then of flowing away or being drawn off
when desired.
The improvements also relate to forming the bottoms of the tubs or vessels
of washing machines of plain iron cast with ears or other means of connection.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jeremiah Driver and Joseph Jessop in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 24th February 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JEREMIAH
DRIVER, of Keighley, in the County of York, Ironfounder, and JOSEPH
JESSOP, of Bradford, in the same County, Machine Maker, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Jeremiah river and Joseph Jessop, Her special licence that we, the said
Jeremiah Driverand Joseph Jessop, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said Jeremiah Driver and Joseph Jessop, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR
APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN WASHING, WRINGING, AND MANGLING FABRICS, AND IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF PART OR PARTS OF SUCH APPARATUS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Jeremiah Driver and Joseph Jessop, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our or their
bands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or them, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Jeremiah Driver and Joseph Jessop,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
The improvements relate, first, to a method of constructing metallic rollers
and parts thereof use in washing, wringing, and mangling machines. For
this purpose the core boxes are formed lengthwise in two halves,each adapted
to receive a moveable model arbor or axle with (supposing four arms at each
end to be required) one whole arm at each end and two half arms. Having
placed the model arbor or axis in position in one half of the box, we ram in
sand as a half core, so that when the model arbor or axle is removed the
impression thereof may remain. We then do the like with the other half core
box. The two half cores thus obtained form one core, adapted, when placed
in the mould, for the surface of the cylinder or roller to produce in one
casting a cylinder or roller, with its axis or arbor and the arms supporting
it; or, if desired, the axle may be separately formed with holes through at
the arms to be cast on.
Secondly, the improvements relate to forming the axles of castors or

page_text: supporting wheels of washing, wringing, and mangling machines in casting
the framing thereof.
'Thirdly, the improvements relate to the principle and means of supporting
the axle of the upper of the squeezing rollers in such machines. We form
the bearings or dies" between the axles of the two squeezing rollers at each
end in two parts, adapted to admit of the two rollers coming as close as
desired to each other. One part of each bearing is formed hollow as a socket
to receive a projection from the other, which is also hollow to receive a
suitable spring. These springs acting with a top spring or top springs or
other means of pressure serve to give a compensating pressure adapted to the
different thickness of cloths introduced and removed from between these
rollers, and without jerking or concussion of the parts.
We also apply levers
elliptic or other springs to answer the same purpose as abovo.
Fourthly, we form the metal squeezing rollers fluid-tight, and with an
opening with stopper to each to admit of the hot fluid being introduced and
retained therein for heating such rollers, and then of flowing away or being
drawn off when desired.
Fifthly, the improvements relate to forming the bottoms of the tubs or
vessels of washing machines of plain iron cast with cars or other means of
connection.
But that the nature of the improvements and the means which we adopt in
carrying the same into effect may be better understood, we will proceed to
describe the same more in detail by the aid of the accompanying Drawing.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 shews the external view of one half of a core box, and Figure 2, a
side view of a moveable model arbor or axle with whole and half arms thereto;
Figure 3 shows an internal view of the core box and moveable model arbor
together, and Figure 4, a longitudinal section of the same; Figuro 5 shews
an external longitudinal view, and Figure 6 an end view, and Figure 7 a
section, of the two parts of a core box, together with the moveable model
arbor therein.
By Figures 2, 3, and 7, it will be scon that the moveable model arbor or
axis a is formed at the parts where arms are required, with one whole arm a¹
and two half arms a³, a³, one on each side, so that when such model arbor is
placed in a half core box b, as shewn by Figures 3 and 4, and the sand is
rammed therein, an impression will be left in the sand of such half box when
the model arbor is removed corresponding with the half of the arbor or axle
required and its arms, and by repeating the same in the other half box a

page_text: mould will be obtained, adapted for the casting of a complete axle or arbor
with its arms. The number and position of the arms may be varied.
If desired, the axle in place of being cast with the arms may be previously
formed with holes formed through it at the place for the arms, and then by
being placed in a sand mould formed as explained in the box, space will be
left for the casting of arms thereon, as indicated by the section of such sand
mould with axle therein separately at Figure 7. When the casting of the
arbor or axle and the arms or of the arms only has been effected as explained,
a core of sand will be formed thereon corresponding with the hollow of the
intended roller, and as indicated by Figure 8, and such will then be placed
in a suitable mould (a core print adapted, to which is shewn by side and
end views, Figures 8" and 8"), to have cast thereon the outer cylinder.
In carrying out the second part of our improvements we proceed as
follows The castors or wheels previously formed and bored for the axle
are with a little loam or sand thereon placed in position in the mould, and
the metal for the frame is allowed to flow through and form the axles.
Figure 9 shews the third part of the improvements applied. It will be
seen that the bearing or "die "c between the two axles d, e, of the rollers d',
1,el
is formed in two parts (1), (2). The part (1) at 3, 3, being formed to receive
within it the part 4, 4, of the part (2) whilst both parts are formed to receive
within them the spring f; and there are like arrangements at each end of
the rollers d¹, e¹. These springs facting with a top spring 9, such as is
now commonly used as a pressure spring in this class of machinery, or with
an elliptic or other form of spring or other meaus of pressure, will serve to
give a compensating pressure adapted to the different thicknesses of cloths
introduced and removed from between these rollers, and will serve to prevent
jerking or concussion of the parts.
Figures 9 and 10 shew the fourth part of the improvements applied. The
rollers d', e', are formed fluid-tight, but with an opening to each at d², e²,
in the form of a neck, capable of being closed by a cork or other suitable
means, so that such rollers may be filled with and retain hot water or other
fluid adapted to communicate heat to such rollers when used for mangling
purposes and then that such water or other fluid may be readily drawn off
from such rollers.
In carrying out the fifth part of the improvements we cast the bottoms
of the tubs or vessels for the wash fluid of washing machines, of plain cast
iron with ears or other means of connection thereon to admit of such bottoms
being readily applied thereto.
Having thus described the nature of our improvements, and the means

page_text: |we adopt in carrying the same into effect, we would have it understood that
we do not confine ourselves to the precise details referred to, so long as the
peculiar character of the improvements he retained substantially as explained.
In witness whereof, we, the said Jeremiah Driver and Joseph Jessop,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twentieth day of February,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.