IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING Buildings_and_DWELLING PLACES, AND FOR TREATING AND PURIFYING ATMOSPHERIC AIR, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER USEFUL PUPROSES
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Garrett Tongue, of the Firm of Tongue and Birk-
beck, Patent Agents and Engineers, of 34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING Buildings_and_DWELLING PLACES, AND FOR
TREATING AND PURIFYING ATMOSPHERIC AIR, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER
USEFUL PUPROSES." A communication from abroad by Jean Marie Auguste
Lacomme of Paris, France.
Sealed the 8th April 1879, and dated the 9th January 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Garrett Tongue at the
Office of the Commissioners of l'atents on the 9th January 1879.
JOHN GARRETT TONGUE, of the Firm of Tongue and Birkbeck, Patent Agents
and Engineers, of 34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING BUILDINGS AND
DWELLING PLACES, AND FOR TREATING AND PURIFYING ATMOSPHERIC AIR, PARTLY
APPLICABLE TO OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES." A communication from abroad by
Jean Marie Auguste Lacomme, of Paris, France.
This Invention has, first, for its object improvements in the construction and
arrangement of several combined apparatuses having the following purposes :-
First. To ventilate inhabited buildings, such as apartments, establishments,
mansions, schools, churches, theatres, hospitals, ships, sewers, and other places.
Second. To purify the atmospheric air and cleanse it from all kinds of dust or
organic matters which may be contained in it.
Third. To disinfect the different gases composing the respiratory element in order
to render the same essentially pure.
Fourth. To introduce or mix (if necessary) with the air necessary to a proper
respiration balsamic, odoriferous, disinfecting, medicated, and other substances.
Fifth. To warm, cool, or refresh the air by economical regular calorific or refri-
geratory means in order to graduate the temperature of the same as may be desired.
Sixth. To distribute by a regular and constant action and without feeling any
sensible draught the necessary quantity of air proper for breathing or respiration,
and to distribute or disperse it through suitable pipes and other means into all the
different parts of inhabited buildings or places.

page_text: Seventh. To discharge or expel from inhabited buildings or places the vitiated
air and deleterious gases produced by combustion, breathing, and other causes.
The means of ventilation employed until now are very imperfect, and statistics
prove that mortality is larger in certain ventilated establishments or hospitals than
in other places which are not.
This depends upon several causes, such as that the air introduced by some
systems of ventilation is not sufficiently cleansed of the organic substances that it
holds in suspension, so that those amorphous substances introduced and imprisoned
are by their own nature more easily impregnated with morbic infections.
In
These substances thus become developing and multiplying centres or focuses.
contact with mephitic miasms, fetid gases, putrid emanations (the substances)
undergo or support transformation the same as the gases composing the air equally
undergo in turn alterations which give birth to morbid and specific ferments,
creating many diseases, such as typhoid and puerperal fevers, small pox, scarlatina,
measles, Asiatic cholera, yellow fever, typhus fever, erysipelas, and others.
Consequently it becomes necessary to prevent the continuous stagnating in
deletereous centres of the air, and where the organic corpuscules imbibe or soak the
toxic causes.
These substances or dust introduced into the system by the action of the
respiratory organs are carried and remain upon the mucous surfaces, and by an
evolution peculiarly toxic engender or gives birth to a great number of diseases.
They equally exercise a pernicious action when they come in contact with the
surface of wounds, sores, or other diseases of the skin.
By the existing means of ventilation the air introduced into the apartments
and other inhabited places is not suitably distributed, but produces injurious
draughts and consequences.
Now according to these improvements the first operation must consist in the
purification of the element which sustains respiration, that is to say, to clear away
or rid it of the organic bodies and remains of substances which it contains and
carries into all parts and directions.
Secondly. To introduce regularly into inhabited places a necessary and sufficient
quantity of air for a proper and normal respiration.
Third. To graduate the temperature of the air introduced; and,
Fourth. To chemically modify the state of the air according to the wish or desire
of medical men, and this to be carried out or facilitated by means of apparatuses
hereinafter described.
In carrying out the first part of these improvements reservoirs and tubes or
pipes are constructed and arranged as follows:-
:-
a conduit
A glass or other reservoir or recipient is employed partly filled with pure, fresh,
or oxigenized water, the air directed into this reservoir plunges through
or pipes into the liquid, where it is washed, and leaves in the water all the dust or
organic corpuscles contained in the air. Having thus received this first effect it is
submitted (if thought desirable) to a second operation, that is to say, by the same
mechanical means or arrangement the rising air is directed into a second reservoir,
where it plunges into the disinfecting solution composed of iodized, chlorided,
phenicated, salicyticated, or into any other disinfectious preparations.
Continuing its course the column of air is directed into a third reservoir intended
to receive odoriferous or perfumed compounds or solutions. Another reservoir is
also constructed and arranged to receive medicated and liquid preparations. A
small apparatus is also constructed and arranged in order that odoriferous, resinous,
etherized, and other substances may be evaporated or expanded as fumigated
vapours and carried away by the rising column of air.
The vapours are created by the action of heat by means of a gas burner or a
small lamp placed at the lower part of the apparatus, viz., a metallic box con-
taining the substances intended to produce the vapours.
A reservoir is also employed, made of enamelled metal, containing water main-
tained in a boiling state by a gas burner or other means in order to clevate the

page_text: temperature. The column of air is forced through a coil of pipe enclosed in the
motallic reservoir. A small reservoir is arranged in connection to receive the con-
densed steam which may accumulate in the coil of pipe. Ico or frigorific pre-
parations may be (in hot weather or other cases) substituted for hot water to lower
the temperature and render it refrigerent to the degree required.
The increase or decrease of the temperature of the respiratory element plays an
important part in the development or display as it does in the diminution or
decrease of epidemic and other diseases; cold is efficacious in pyrexic fevers, as does
an elevated temperature in other affections. It is for this purpose that the
reservoir containing the coil of pipe is employed.
The reservoirs previously described may be multiplied and placed in several or
different parts of a house, mansion, hospital, or other buildings.
The detached reservoirs are connected with the air pipes. By this arrangement
of the apparatuses it is easy to place all the reservoirs in direct communication, as
one or many of these reservoirs may be isolated; and each of the combined
reservoirs may be used separately or joined to others according to the wish or
intention of the operator.
The ventilators connected with the air pipes or tubes may be fixed on the
ceiling of apartments with an opening to allow the air to penetrate into the
interior of a bell shaped apparatus in the hollow part of the bell there is a slight
screw propeller or vane put into motion by the force or escape of the air through
openings or holes perforated in the lower part of the bell and in the direction of
the edge of the revolving screw, made with mica or any other slight substance.
An axis supports the screw, a small screw stud being placed at the lower and centro
part of the bell ventilator.
Another arrangement of bell ventilator (may also be placed like the former on
the ceiling); this bell has no revolving screw, but is only perforated with a numbor
of small holes to allow the escape of the air and the distribution of the same in the
room, and this is effected without any sensiblo draught.
A pipe or hollow moulding perforated with small holes is also arranged to allow
the escape or exit of the air.
Long perforated pipes may be placed, if thought desirable, round the ceiling
instead of the screws or bells previously described.
This arrangement is carried into practice by pipes of suitable proportion connected
together and fixed on ceilings or other places.
Or a sinall circular opening with a stud key may be arranged. This opening is
placed at the lower parts of apartments or rooms in order to allow and facilitate the
exit of vitiated air through perforations communicating with the outside or ambient
air. The circular (expulsive) ventilators are placed in lower parts, the air vitiated
or carbonic acid being of a higher density than pure air; they also serve for the
escape of the air constantly supplied by the ceiling ventilators.
The second part of this Invention consists in the arrangement and construction
of the following apparatus which consists of a metallic cylindrical drum or recipient
hermetically closed. Inside or interior is another small one also hermetically closed,
and having no communication with each other, their distance forming an empty
space. In the middle or in the perpendicular line of the two metallic drums there
is a partition or division. One part of the empty and circular space between the
two drums is filled up with water or any other suitable liquid; mercury may be
used with advantage in certain cases if desired.
At the top and perpendicular part of the drum reservoir are four openings or
apertures, two on each side of the division or partition, which parts or separates
the empty spaces of the drum. At each of these openings or orifices are fixed pipes;
these pipes are directed towards the centre part of the drum or metallic reservoir.
To each of these pipes are fixed metallic valves, that is to say, four valves, two
exhausting valves and two forcing valves. One of each of these valves corresponds
with each side of the divided room or partition. In place of this arrangement the

page_text: pipes may be substituted or replaced and the valves fixed on the top of the drum,
two on each side of the centre line or partition.
The water or liquid contained in the circular drum (called pneumatic propeller
when this latter is put in oscillating motion) keeps or maintains its own level.
The oscillating course of the drum is stopped or limited by the aid of two
arins (small level) at the point of contact, and so on continued left and right. By
the continuance of this oscillating movement and the pressure of the column of
water upon the mass of air contained in the two separated rooms or empty parts of
the drum the air is pressed and pushed by the weight of the water which is sliding
upon the inward surface of the drum and forces it to escape through the expiring
valves or pipes, the inspiring valves re-taking fresh air at the same time by alternate
oscillatory motion.
The two expiring and inspiring valves being connected two to two by a circular
tube, the air is forced in and out, the principal or main pipe communicates
by its length to the summit of the house in order to take the air in at elevated
parts.
The other main pipe directs the air, by the influence of the propeller described,
towards the purifying reservoirs and so continuing its direct course until it is
distributed in the different rooms or apartments through the ceiling, revolving
screws, and other means previously described.
The drum or pneumatic propeller is supported by an axis upon a metallic frame.
To this axis is fixed a crank which is connected with a motive power machine put
into motion either by gas, steam, electricity, hydraulic, clock work, weights, com-
pressed air, or any other motive power.
According to another arrangement of the air propeller or pump the drum is fixed
to the iron frame or support, and the liquid or water is replaced by a semi-circular
cylinder fixed to the axis. By the oscillating motion of the crank the air is pressed
left and right (according to the movement of the handle or crank) against the
central division or partition and is forced through valves as previously described.
Between the space left water is lodged (or it may be other liquid) in order to
prevent the return of compressed air from one side to the other of the two empty
spaces. When mercury is substituted for water, enamelled or other suitable drums
are used.
The apparatus hereinbefore described is advantageously employed to ventilate
inhabited places and to modify the nature of the respiratory element as described,
and is called the atmospheric modifier.
The other apparatus or air pump is called the pneumatic propeller.
The pneumatic propeller may be also applied to other uses such as forge bellows
and meter to mix gases with air or other fluid for various purposes.
Mercury may be substituted for water to be used as a pump or otherwise.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Garrett Tongue in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 8th
July 1879.
JOHN GARRETT TONGUE, of the Firm of Tongue and Birkbeck, Patent Agents
and Engineers, of 34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING BUILDINGS AND
DWELLING PLACES, AND FOR TREATING AND PURIFYING ATMOSPHERIC AIR, PARTLY
APPLICABLE TO OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES." A communication from abroad by Jean
Marie Auguste Lacomme, of Paris, France.
This Invention has first for its object improvements in the construction and
arrangement of several combined apparatuses having the following purposes :-
First. To ventilate inhabited buildings, such as apartments, establishments,
mansions, schools, churches, theatres, hospitals, ships, sewers, and other places.
Second. To purify the atmospheric air, and cleanse it from all kinds of dust or
organic matters which may be contained in it.
Third. To disinfect the different gases composing the respiratory element in order
to render the same essentially pure.
Fourth. To introduce or mix (if necessary) with the air necessary to a proper
respiration balsamic, odoriferous, disinfecting, medicated, and other substances.
Fifth. To warm, cool, or refresh the air by economical, regular, calorific, or
refrigeratory means in order to graduate the temperature of the same, as may be
desired.
Sixth. To distribute by a regular and constant action, and without feeling any
sensible draught the necessary quantity of air proper for breathing or respiration,
and to distribute or dispense it through suitable pipes and other means into all the
different parts of inhabited buildings or places.
Seventh. To discharge or expel from inhabited buildings or places the vitiated air
and deletereous gases produced by combustion, breathing, and other causes.
The means of ventilation employed until now are very imperfect, and statistics
prove that mortality is larger in certain ventilated establishments or hospitals than
in other places which are not.
This depends upon several causes, such as that the air introduced by some systems
of ventilation is not sufficiently cleansed of the organic substances that it holds in
suspension, so that those amorphous substances introduced and imprisoned are by
their own nature more easily impregnated with morbic infections.
These substances thus become developing and multiplying centres or focuses. In
contact with mephitic miasms, fetid gases, putrid emanations (the substances)
undergo or support transformation the same as the gases composing the air equally
undergo in turn alterations which give birth to morbid and specific ferments,
creating many diseases such as typhoid and puerperal fevers, small pox, scarlatina,
meneles, Asiatic cholera, yellow fever, typhus fever, erysipelas, and others.
Consequently it becomes necessary to prevent the continuous stagnating in
deletereous centres of the air and where the organic corpuscles imbibe or absorb
the toxic causes.
These substances or dust introduced into the system by the action of the respi-
ratory organs are carried and remain upon the mucous surfaces, and by an evolution
peculiarly toxic engender or give birth to a great number of diseases. They equally
exercise a pernicious action when they come in contact with the surface of wounds,
sores, or other diseases of the skin.
By the existing means of ventilation the air introduced into apartments and other
nhabited places is not suitably distributed, but produces injurious draughts and
consequences.
Now according to these improvements the first operation must consist in the

page_text: purification of the element which sustains respiration, that is to say, to clear away
or rid it of the organic bodies and remains of substances which it contains and carries
into all parts and directions.
Secondly. To introduco regularly into inhabited places a necessary and sufficient
quantity of air for a proper and normal respiration.
Third. To graduate the temperature of the air introduced; and, Fourth. To
chemically modify the state of the air according to the wish or desire of the medical
men, and this to be carried out or facilitated by means of apparatuses hereinafter
described.
In carrying out the first part of these improvements reservoirs and tubes or pipes
are constructed and arranged as follows, reference being made to the Drawings
hereto annexed:-
B, Figure 1, Sheet 1 of the Drawings, is a glass or other reservoir or recipient
partly filled with pure, fresh, or oxygenized water; the air directed into this reservoir
plunges through a conduit or pipe c into the liquid, where it is washed, and leaves
in the water all the dust or organic corpuscles contained in the air. Prepared
cotton may be substituted or added for the water, if desired, in order to purify the
air or filter the same so as to remove any organic matter or dust that it may
contain. Having thus received this first effect it is submitted (if desired) to a second
operation, that is to say, by the same mechanical means or arrangement the rising
air is directed into a second reservoir C, where it plunges into the disinfecting
solution composed of iodized, chlorided, phenicated, salicyticated, or into any other
disfectious preparations.
Another
Continuing its course the column of air is directed into a third reservoir D,
intended to receive odoriferous or perfumed compounds or solutions.
reservoir E is also constructed to receive medicated and liquid preparations. An
apparatus F is also constructed and arranged in order that odoriferous, resinous,
etherized, and other substances may be evaporated or expanded as fumigated
vapours, and carried away by the rising column of air.
The vapours are produced by the action of heat by means of a gas burner S 23, or
a small lamp placed at the lower part of the apparatus F, viz., a metallic box con-
taining the substances intended to produce the vapours.
A reservoir G is also employed, made of enamelled metal containing water main-
tained in a boiling state by a gas burner S¹ 22, or other means, in order to elevate
the temperature. The column of air is forced through a coil of pipe R enclosed in
the metallic reservoir G. A small reservoir is arranged in connection with the
pipe c to receive the condensed steam which may accumulate in the pipo c or coil
of pipe R. Ice or frigerific preparations may be (in hot weather or other cases)
substituted for hot water to lower the temperature, and render it refrigerant to the
degree required.
The increase or decrease of the temperature of the respiratory element plays an
important part in the development or display as it does in the diminution or decrease
of epidemic and other diseases. Cold is efficaceous in pyrexic fevers, as does an
elevated temperature in other affections. It is for this purpose that the reservoir G
containing the coil of rope R is employed.
The reservoirs previously described may be multiplied and placed in several or
different parts of a house, mansion, hospital, or other buildings, as shown in
Figures 1 and 2.
The detached reservoirs are connected with the air pipes, as shown in the
Drawings.
By this arrangement of the apparatuses it is easy to place all the reservoirs in
direct communication, or one or several of these reservoirs may be isolated. For
example, in the Drawings, Figure 1, Sheet 1, two reservoirs only are in direct com-
munication or action, viz., reservoir B, C. The taps or cocks Nos. 1, 3, 4, and 6 of
the pipes c being open, and the taps Nos. 2 and 5 being closed, the column of air is
forced through the main pipe c of the apparatus, the taps Nos. 8, 11, and 15 being
open, and the taps Nos. 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, and 16 being closed; thus each of the

page_text: combined reservoirs may be used separately or joined to others, according to the
wish or intention of the operator.
Figure 5 represents a section of one of the ventilators connected with the air pipes
or tubes, which may be fixed on the ceiling of apartinents, with an opening v to
allow the air to penetrate into the interior of a bell shaped apparatus. 8 is the
hollow part of the bell; t is a small screw propeller or vane, put into motion by the
force or escape of the air through openings or holes r, r, perforated in the lower
part of the bell, and in the direction of the edge of the revolving screw, made with
mica or any other light substance. u is an axis which supports the screw; y is a
small screw stud placed at the lower and centre part of the bell ventilator.
Figure 4 shows another arrangement of bell ventilator, which may also be placed
like the former on the ceiling. This bell has no revolving screw, but is only
perforated with a number of small holes to allow the escape of the air and the
distribution of the same in the room, and this is effected without any sensible
draught.
Figure 3 represents a pipe or hollow moulding perforated with small holes, which
is also arranged to allow the escape or exit of the air.
Long perforated pipes may be placed if desired round the ceiling in place of the
ventilating screws or bells previously described.
This arrangement is carried into practice by pipes of suitable proportion con-
nected together, and fixed on to ceilings or other suitable places.
Or a small circular opening with a stud key may be arranged. This opening is
placed at the lower parts of apartments or rooms in order to allow and facilitate
the exit of vitiated air through perforations communicating with the outside or
ambient air. The circular (expulsive) ventilators are placed in lower parts, the air
vitiated or carbonic acid being of a higher density than pure air. They also serve
for the escape of the air constantly supplied by the ceiling ventilators.
Figure 1 (Sheet 2) shows a front view of a pump or apparatus arranged in
accordance with the second part of this Invention; Figure 2 shows a vertical
section taken on the lines 1, 2, of Figure 4; Figure 3 shows a vertical section of
the same taken on the lines 3, 4, of Figure 1; Figure 4 shows a plan of the same;
Figure 5 shows a modification of the same, showing the arrangement of the
exhausting and forcing valves; Figures 6 and 7 show a section on an enlarged
scale of a forcing or exhausting valve, the arrangement of which may be modified;
Figures 8 and 9 show two vertical sections of another arrangement of apparatus
similar to that shown by Figures 1 and 3.
In all these Figures the same letters refer to the same parts.
In the first arrangement the pump is composed of two cylindrical drums a and b
placed concentrically. These drums are laterally united by the plates c, c, which
constitute an annular chamber or space. d is a radial division to the upper half of
the drum, the lower half or space being filled with any suitable liquid, such as
water, which serves to divide the upper part into two compartments g, g, separated
one from the other by the fixed partition d and by the surface of a liquid, such as
water, or mercury, or other movable partition e. Upon the liquid are two float
boards of cork or other suitable marerial f, f, in order to prevent any rippling of the
liquid when the apparatus is put into motion, as hereinafter described.
At the upper part of each of the compartments & there are two tubes or pipes h
and i, placed right and left of the partition d, fixed upon the circular sides of the
exterior drum. Each of these tubes or pipes pass down in front (or back if more
convenient) of the recipient, and are bent at right angles at a short distance from
the axis of rotation j. At this point (or at the top of the recipient, if desired) each
tube is supplied with an exhaust valve k for the tubes h, and a forcing valve 1 for
the tubes i.
The pipes are united or joined into one by means of a curved tube m fixed to
the tubes i by two india rubber or other flexible pipes.
Another curved tube n unites the two tubes i in the same manner.
To the curved or arched pipe a single exhausting pipe o of india rubber or other

page_text: suitable material is connected, and to the curved or arched pipe n is connected
another single forcing pipe p, also of india rubber or other suitable material. These
pipes may also be fixed as shown at Figure 5, that is to say, placed directly upon
the circular top of the external drum or cylinder a of the recipient.
The apparatus acts in the following manner:-
In giving to the apparatus or drum a limited oscillatory motion by means of a
crank or other suitable mechanism, the amount of motion being regulated left
and right by means of projections 8 placed on each side of the tubes, which alter-
nately come in contact with the frame r, the level of the water remains constantly
horizontal, as it is the vessel or drum only which is moving carries with it the
partition d, which on one side approaches the level of the water in compressing the
air, and from the other side is withdrawn from the surface of the water, thus
rarefying the air.
On one side the pressure of the air causes the valve to open; the air is then
driven back or compressed in the tube p, whilst on the other side the rarefaction of
the air causes the valve k to open, allowing the entrance of the fresh air in the com-
partment g by the tube o.
It will be readily understood that in the oscillating actions the effects are reversed,
and are produced alternately; thus there is a continual exhausting and forcing
effect of the air through the pipes o and p.
The crank q may be worked by hand or actuated by any motive power connected
with the pneumatic apparatus and its mechanism.
The three holes t, u, v, closed by screw stoppers, are employed for the intro-
duction and the discharge of the water, and also to ascertain or indicate the level of
the water.
In the arrangement Figures 8 and 9 the recipient is fixed on the frame r; the
contracting or enlarging of the compartments g, g, is caused by the movable body x
partly immersed in the liquid, and which in oscillating alternately inclines in one
or other of the said compartments g, g, in order to compress the air on one side and
rarefy it on the other, which action produces the exhausting and forcing power in
the tubes, as in the arrangement first described.
The immersed body is a semi-annular cylinder fixed on the rotatory axis j.
Between the cylinder and the interior sides of the recipient a small coat of the
liquid interposes, and prevents all communication between the compartments.
The valves act in the same manner as previously described.
By continuing the oscillatory movement of the drum the pressure of the column.
of water upon the air contained in the two separate rooms or empty parts of the
drum, the air is pressed or pushed by the weight of the water which is sliding upon
the inward surface of the drum, and forces it to escape through the expiring valves
or pipes, the inspiring valves retaking fresh air at the same time by alternate oscil-
latory motion.
The two expiring and inspiring valves being connected two to two by a circular
tube the air is forced in and out. The principal or main pipe communicates by its
length to the summit of the house in order to take the air in at elevated parts,
or it may be directed towards the basement to take the cool fresh air in hot
weather.
The other main pipe directs the air, by the influence of the propeller described,
towards the purifying reservoirs, and so continuing its direct course until it is dis-
tributed in the different rooms or apartments through the ceiling, revolving screws,
and other means previously described.
When mercury is substituted for water, enamelled or other suitable drums are
used.
The apparatus hereinbefore described is advantageously employed to ventilate
inhabited places, and to modify the nature of the respiratory element, as described,
and is called the atmospheric modifier; the other apparatus or air pump is called
the pneumatic propeller.

page_text: The pneumatic propeller may also be applied to other uses, such as forge bellows,
ventilators, and metres to mix gases with air or other fluid for various purposes.
Having thus described the nature of the Invention communicated to me from
abroad, and the manner of performing or carrying the same into practice, I do not
claim any of the parts separately, which are known, but what I claim on behalf of
the said Jean Marie Auguste Lacomine, M.D., is,—
The improved arrangement, construction, and combination of apparatus for
treating and distributing atmospheric air for ventilating buildings and dwelling
places, substantially as herein before described with reference to Sheet 1 of the
Drawings hereto annexed.
Secondly. The improved arrangement and construction of pneumatic apparatus
for forcing and distributing atmospheric air for ventilating and other purposes,
arranged to act substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein before
described with reference to Sheet 2 of the Drawings hereto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Garrett Tongue, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventh day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.
TATTAR
CADDATT
MANATD