IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERING SACCHARINE SOLU- TIONS AND OTHER LIQUIDS, AND IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Thurston Waite, of the Town and
County of Southampton; Fellow of the Chemical Society of London,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERING SACCHARINE SOLU-
TIONS AND OTHER LIQUIDS, AND IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREIN."
Sealed the 19th July 1870, and dated the 22nd January 1870.
li
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Thurston
Waite at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 22nd January 1870.
I, WILLIAM THURSTON WAITE, of the Town and County of South-
ampton, Fellow of the Chemical Society of London, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERING SACCHARINE.
SOLUTIONS AND OTHER LIQUIDS, AND IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN,"
to be as follows:-
"
In the filtering of saccharine solutions it has been usual to employ
long filter bags into and through which the solution has been forced, so
that while the filtrate passes through the bags such matters as are held
in suspension in the solution remain in the bags. These bags have been

page_text: suspended or placed vertically, and it has been found that the matters
mixed with the solution and which do not pass through the bags soon
accumulate to such an extent as to seriously impede the filtering
operation, so that it is necessary to frequently stop the progress in order
to remove the bags and replace them by others; much time is also
occupied in cleaning the bags, as they have to be turned inside out to
allow the matters therein to be removed.
Now my Invention mainly relates, first, to filtering from the outside
to the inside of the bags, so that the solid matters remain outside;
and, secondly, to placing the bags in a horizontal position so that
as a greater surface is obtained for the solid matters to deposit upon, it
takes much longer for such deposit to become so deep as to impede the
filtering operation to an appreciable extent.
.
1
The manner in which my Invention may be carried into effect is as
follows: I construct a box of suitable dimensions with a series of
openings at one end or side and with guides or slides in the interior
corresponding with the said openings. I make openwork frames of wire
netting or other suitable.. material to slide freely through the openings.
into the box, and over each of the frames I fit a filter bag, which forms
a sort of jacket. thereto, leaving the outer end of the frame open and
uncovered. The frames with their bag jackets having been introduced.
into the openings and the joints between the frames and the sides of
the openings having been made tight in any convenient manner, the
solution to be filtered is forced or admitted into the box, when it will
filter through the bags to the inside of the frames, and thence through
the open or uncovered ends thereof, from which it may be conducted to
any convenient receptacles. The solid matters which the solution held
in suspension will remain partly upon the outside of the bags and partly
at the bottom of the box, from which they may be removed when
necessary through man-holes or other suitable openings, which are
hermetically closed during the filtering operation.
!!
T....',
"I do not limit myself to any, particular form of the frames, but a flat
form will answer well, neither do I limit myself to the introduction of
the frames at only one side or end of the box, as openings may be made
for the purpose at more than one side, provided the unfiltered solution
can flow from the top to the bottom of the box. The frames may, if
desired, be placed vertically or inclined, although I prefer them to be

page_text: horizontal, but in any case the filtering is effected from the exterior of
the bags to the interior thereof into the frames. Nor do I limit myself
to making the bags of any particular material.
It will be found convenient to provide each frame with two outlet
pipes, the second one being to lead the filtrate when it happens to be
foul to a separate receptacle; in order that it may be filtered again; the
outflow, from each frame can thus be separately controlled.
Although my Invention is intended chiefly for filtering saccharine
solutions, it may also be applied to the filtering of other solutions or
liquids, worts or beer for example..
f
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Thurston Waite in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 22nd July 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
THURSTON WAITE, of the Town and County of Southampton, Fellow of
the Chemical Society of London, send greeting...
WHEREAS Her most. Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said William Thurston Waite, Her special
licence that I, the said William Thurston Waite, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Thurston
Waite, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN FILTERING SACCHARINE SOLUTIONS AND OTHER LIQUIDS, AND IN
MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said William Thurston Waite, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be

page_text: performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Thurston Waite, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, that is to say :—
In the filtering of sacchariñe solutions it has been usual to employ
long filter bags, into and through which the solution has been made or
allowed to flow, so that while the filtrate passes through the bags such
matters as are held in suspension in the solution remain in the bags.
These bags have been suspended or placed vertically, and it has been
found that the matters mixed with the solution and which do not pass
through the bags soon accumulate to such an extent as to seriously'
impede the filtering operation, so that it is necessary to frequently stop
the progress in order to remove the bags and replace them by others;
much time is also occupied in cleaning the bags, as they have to be
turned inside out to allow the matters therein to be removed..
Now my Invention mainly relates, first, to filtering from the outside
to the inside of the bags, so that the solid matters remain outside; and,
secondly to placing the bags in a horizontal position so that as a' greater
surface is obtained for the solid matters to deposit upon it takes much
longer for such deposit to become so deep as to impede the filtering
operation to an appreciable extent.
1
. The manner in which my Invention may be carried into effect is as
follows I construct a box of suitable dimensions with a series of
openings at one end or side, and with guides or slides in the interior
corresponding with the said openings. I make openwork frames of wire
netting, or other suitable material to slide freely through the openings
into the box, and over each of these frames I fit a filter bag which
forms a sort of jacket thereto, leaving the outer end of the frame open
and uncovered. The frames with their bag jackets having been intro-
duced into the openings and the joints between the frames and the
sides of the openings having been made tight in any convenient manner,
the solution to be filtered is forced or admitted into the box, when it will
filter through the bags to the inside of the frames, and thence through
the open or uncovered ends thereof; from which it may be conducted to

page_text: any convenient receptacles. The solid matters which the solution
held in suspension will remain partly upon the outside of the bags and
partly at the bottom of the box, from which they may be removed when
necessary through man-holes or other suitable openings, which are
hermetically closed during the filtering operation.
.
I do not limit myself to any particular form of the frames, but a flat
form will answer, well; neither do I limit myself to the introduction of
the frames at only one side or end of the box, as openings may be ntade
for the purpose at more than one side, provided the unfiltered solution
can flow from the top to the bottom of the box..
..It will sometimes be found convenient to provide each frame with
two outlet pipes, the second one being to lead the filtrate 'when it
happens to be foul to a separate receptacle in order that it may be filtered
again, the outflow from each frame can thus be separately controlled.
Figures 1 and 2 represent respectively an elevation of the front end,
and a longitudinal section of a filtering apparatus constructed according
to my Invention as herein-before described; Figure 3 shows in longitu-
dinal section an apparatus of slightly modified form but operating in
the same manner.
In the apparatus shown in Figures 1 and 2, a is a box having a series
of openings b, b, at one end, and with guides or slides c, c, in the
interior; d, d, are openwork frames of wire netting or other suitable
material, one of which is shown separately in horizontal section on a
larger scale in Figure 4.
Each of these frames d, which may con-
veniently be composed of a wooden framework, clothed with wire
netting, is covered with a filter bag e which may be made of any suitable
material. The frames dare closed at one end and open at the other, aś
shown, and the open end is provided with a flange f. The frames are
introduced into the box a. through the openings 'b, and made to slide
along the guides c until the flanges f come against the sides of the
openings, the joints at this point being made tight in any ordinary
manner; for example, the frames & may be packed behind the flanges
and screws may be screwed. through the flanges at each end into the
box a, and one, or more vertical bars may be clamped or screwed
against the face of the box so as to press against the outside of the
flanges. The solution to be filtered is forced or admitted into the box
through the inlet g, it filters through the bags e to the inside of the
frames d, and thence passes out through the open ends of the frames
"

page_text: from which it may be conducted by spouts or otherwise to convenient.
receptacles. As before stated the solid matters which the solution held
in suspension will remain partly upon the outside of the bags and partly
at the bottom of the box. When necessary the frames with the bags
can be taken out of the box and the deposit removed from the outside of
the bags, and the deposit at the bottom of the box may be emptied
through an outlet pipe h. j is a man-hole through. which access to the
interior of the box may be obtained for the purpose of cleaning it.
In the modification represented in Figure 3 both ends of the frames
d, d, are closed, but a tube or pipe i leads from one end, as shown, and
instead of forming openings in the box a to allow of the insertion of the
frames, the box is provided with a door k at one end through which the
frames provided with filter bags are inserted, while the opposite end
of the box has apertures through which the tubes or pipes i are passed.
After the frames d, d, have been introduced the door is hermetically
closed with the aid of clamping bars or otherwise, and the apertures /
are also closed hermetically, by means of nuts m, which are screwed
upon the tubes i in order to draw enlargements n on the wooden
framework of the frames d up against the inside of the box, india-
rubber washers being interposed between the enlargements and the
box. Figure 5 is a view on a larger scale of this end of one of the
frames and showing the enlargement. 9 is the inlet for the liquid to
be filtered, and his an outlet provided with a cock or slide through
which any solid matters which accumulate below the inlet g may be
discharged without opening the door k. All the tubes i may be con-
nected with one main pipe or column provided with small tubes corre-
sponding with the tubes i, the tubes i and the corresponding tubes being
connected by india-rubber tubes. At one portion of the length of each
india-rubber tube a glass tube is interposed to allow the color of the
filtered liquor to be readily examined. The tubes i should each be
provided with a cock.
Instead of employing ordinary filter bags it will be sufficient in
either of the modifications herein-before described to secure filtering cloth
ór filtering material to the openwork frames d by tacks or similar means.
The employment of filtering frames d'in the manner herein-before
explained allows of the use of hot water pipes within the filter to keep
the solution heated, which I consider preferable to the employment of
free steam for that purpose as now sometimes practised. When hot

page_text: water pipes are used they may conveniently be carried in a zig-zag
course down each side of the box a, sufficient space for the purpose being.
left between the sides of the box and the frames d, d. Or instead of
using hot water pipes it may sometimes be found sufficient. to surround
or line the box with insulating material.
.
Although my Invention is intended chiefly for filtering saccharine
solutions it may also be applied to the filtering of other solutions or
liquids, worts or beer for example.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
Filtering saccharine solutions and other liquids from the outside to
the inside of filter bags placed in a horizontal position when such
filtering is effected in apparatus constructed and operating substan-
tially as herein-before described and represented in the accompanying
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Thurston Waite, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of July One
thousand eight hundred and seventy.
WILLIAM THURSTON WAITE. (L.S.)