AN IMPROVED FORM OF STOVE, AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH FOR HEATING
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Chapman Peacock, of Finsbury Park Road,
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of "AN
IMPROVED FORM OF STOVE, AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH FOR HEATING,,
ealed the 2nd June 1874 and dated the 27th March 1874.
.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Chapman,
Peacock at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 27th March 1874.
I, JOHN CHAPMAN PEACOCK, of Finsbury Park Road, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "AN IMPROVED FORM OF STOVE, AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE-
WITH FOR HEATING, LIGHTING, VENTILATING, AND COOKING," to be as
follows:-
My Invention is an improved form of stove by which heating, cooking,.
drying, and lighting is effected, either in combination or separately, by

page_text: means or gas, сом, соке, wood, or аnу
same time the room is ventilated both by the passage of foul air out of
it and by the introduction of air from outside the room after warming
it to any degree required.
My improved stove is constructed by preference as follows:-A base
or stand is in the form of two fixed tubes, cylindrical or otherwise, one
within the other, having a space between them. A small tube for the
introduction of air for combustion is passed through the first-named
tubes into the inner tube. Another tube for the passage of the passage
of the products of combustion is fixed into the outer one of the first-
named tubes. There is also a hole or a short tube placed opposite the
tube for the products, and this acts as a means for passing the air of
the room through the products tube without first passing through the fire
tube, and thus ventilates the room without unduly interfereing with the
regulation of the heat. On the under side or bottom of the stand there is a
fixed or moveable box or tray in which is placed a drawer or tray in
order that the ashes may be removed when an ash tray is not used in
conjunction with the fuel tube hereafter described. Resting on the
inner tube, cylindrical or otherwise, of the stand is placed a tube of any
dimension in accordance with the required degree of heat, and this I
call the fuel tube or inner chimney. At the bottom it has bars of any
suitable dimensions for the passage of ashes, and it has when desirable an
ash pan fixed or attached to it. Over the fuel or moveable tube I place
another, either closed at the top or having a moveable lid of any length
or height in accordance with the amount of radiated heat required, and
resting upon the outer tube of the stand, and this I call the radiator.
It also forms a continuation of the fuel tube or inner chimney and
compels the products of combustion to flow downwards in answer to two
forces, namely, the force of the hot air rushing through the fuel tube
upward and the carbonic acid gas forming the principal part of the
products falling downwards in consequence of the rapid passage of the
heat through the radiator, and thus the lower it. passes down the cooler
and therefore heavier it becomes; and it is for this reason I place.
the outlet for the products as low down as possible and below the heat
producers inside and above it. By this arrangement very little heat
passes from the room, and this result is assisted by making all the above
named parts of materials best adapted for the rapid radiation of heat
from or through them, namely, sheet iron, copper, or glass.

page_text: When coals, cokc, wood, or other like material is used either in com-
bination or separately I place them in the fuel tube before described,
and any of these can be lighted either at. the top or at the bottom; if at the
top then a moveable grating is placed at the bottom of the fuel tube,
and a tube perforated in any manner with circular or other form of
holes or slots is placed resting on the moveable grating, and this I call
the air and ash tube. The fuel is then put into the fuel tube up to tho
top of the inner perforated tube, then paper, ordinary. firewood, patent
wood, or other inflammable material is placed on the top and lighted.
The result is that the fuel becomes lighted along the whole length of
the inner air and ash tube, the fuel is consumed at any degree of heat
required, the ash falls through the air and ash tube, and the unburnt
fuel at the sides of the fuel tube gradually falls in towards the centre,
taking the place of the consumed fuel, and burns with not any or little.
smoke and is completely destroyed. When the fuel is ignited at the
bottom I then use an inverted conc with the apex cut off with. holes.
pierced in its sides, and rest it on the bars of the fuel tube; then paper,
ordinary firewood, patent wood, or any inflammable material is placed in
and the fuel tube filled up with coal, coke, cinders, and such-like, and after
the radiator is placed in it is ignited by passing a light through the air,
inlet tube.
When gas is used as a fuel I place instead of the fuel tube either a`
ring burner, a number of fish-tail burners placed in a circle or other-
wise, or a number of argand burners arranged on a tray in a circle or
otherwise. If the two first named, then I rest them on a cone with tho
apex cut off and with holes pierced in its sides, that is, the bottom of
the fuel tube when it is lighted at the bottom, reversed, and round tho
burners I place a tube similar to the fuel tube, without bars, of any
suitable dimensions, and then the stove acts in the same manner as
before described. If I use argand burners I place them in a tray placed.
in the inner tube of the stand and with holes made to correspond with
that part of the argand burners provided for the passage of air for com-
bustion, and I place suitable chimneys or tubes made of any suitable
metal, iron, copper, glass, or otherwise over cach, and then in lighting
the stove acts in the same manner as before described.
When it is desired to give the room a cheerful appearance then I
place instead of the opaque tubes or chimneys over the ring or fish-tail
burners a tube of glass of similar dimension's as the opaque ones, and over

page_text: all a glass shade or tube closed at top, or lanthorns made up of
different parts, but so as to transmit light, and then on its being lighted
the stove acts as before described.
If I use the Argand burners then I place over each a chimney or tube
of glass instead of one of opaque metal, and arrange the stove in the same
manner as before described in the case of using fish-tail or ring burners.
When it is desired to place the stove so that the products may pass out
into the open air and not into a chimney, I pass the products tube out
into the open air and prolong it upwards to any suitable height. This I
use for either coal, coke, gas, or any inflammable material, but in the
case of using gas only I can simply pass the products tube into the open
air, and by closing the air entrances to the fuel tube from the room, and
by passing a tube of proper dimensions through the products tube from
the open air into the inner tube of the stand and under the gas burners
I obtain a balance of pressure outwards and inwards, by which I main-
tain a steady burning of the gas either in calm or stormy weather.
When it is desired to draw fresh air from outside into the room I then
place over the stove in place of the moveable lid an extra radiator of
iron or copper of any height desired, either with a copper or iron bottom,
or arranged so as to allow the heated air to pass round its sides inside,
and then I pass the cold air into the lower part and allow it after being
warmed to flow out through suitable openings at the top. I also effect.
the same by doubling the outer and lower radiator, leaving an interval
between, and conduct the air from the outside and into the room in a
similar manner, as just described.
When an extra power of radiation is required for drying or airing
clothes I place on the stove the above ventilator in the same manner as.
when used for ventilation, but with the holes closed and without any
communication from without.
When hot water is required I place on the stove instead of the
ordinary cover an elongated one so as to allow a boiler to be placed
within it with sides sloping from below outwards, thus allowing the
heated air to pass upwards and around the boiler containing the water.
To prevent radiation of heat through the lid I double it and pack. it
with lime, cork shaving, cork waste, or other suitable material.

page_text: When it is desired to use the stove as an ironing stove then I use a
short fuel tube and radiator in proper proportion, and on the lid,
preferably made of copper, the irons are placed either open, or each or
all covered with any suitable covering to retain the heat.
.
In all cases the heat is regulated by a small-moveable tube closed at
one end, and with a small triangular slit cut out of its side so as to allow
of the most minute adjustment, and as all the joints required in the stove
are ordinary sand joints this damper or regulator serves also for a sand
scoop. The stove is also adaptable for baking by placing a suitable oven
over the top.
My improvements are also adaptable to lighting and heating by
smaller apparatus in place of lustres and as a chandelier.
"
The terms " tube or "tubes" herein-before mentioned is intended to
embrace hollow case or cases of any shape and size which are capable of
being used for the purposes herein-before set forth and described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Chapman Peacock in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 25th September 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN.
CHAPMAN PEACOCK, of Finsbury Park Road, in the County of Middlesex,.
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Chapman Peacock, Her special
licence that I, the said John Chapman Peacock, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Chapman
Peacock, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time.
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven- .
tion for AN IMPROVED FORM OF STOVE, AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH.

page_text: FOR HEATING, LIGHTING, VENTILATING, AND COOKING," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said John Chapman Peacock, my executors:
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Chapman Peacock, do hereby
declare the nature of my. said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
My Invention is an improved form of stove with appliances by means
of which, combined or separately, heating, lighting, ventilating, and
cooking can be effected by the combustion of coal, coke, peat, wood, gas,
or other combustible material.
My improved stove is constructed by preference as follows:-A base
or stand is made in the shape of two fixed tubes forming an outer and
an inner tube having a space between them. A small tube for the intro-
duction of air for combustion is passed through the outer into the inner
tube, and fitting and sliding into this small tube is another tube closed
at its outer end with a long V shaped notch cut in its inner end to
regulate the inlet of air to the fire. Another tube to act as a flue for the
passage of the products of combustion leads out of the inner tube at the
lowest possible point so as to economise the heat into the chimney or
open air. There is also an opening made in the outer tube of the base.
or stand on the side opposite to the flue, and this is fitted with a cap or
cover so as to close the opening at will. This opening acts as a ventilator
for passing the air of the room through the flue without passing through
the fire. This ventilates the room without unduly interfering with the a
regulation of the heat of the stove. When the stove is used for the.
combustion of fuel the under side or bottom of the stand is closed by a
box or tray, in which is placed a drawer to collect the ashes. Some-
times this box and drawer is not attached, and the ashes are collected in:
a tray fixed to the bottom of the fuel tube hereafter described. Resting
on a flange inside the first-named inner tube of the stand is placed a
moveable tube, which I call the fuel tube. At the bottom. it has .ani

page_text: annular grating, on which is placed another grating, moveable, of the
shape of an inverted frustrum of a cone, with holes or slots pierced in it.
Fitting into the centre of the annular grating is placed a tube shorter
than the fuel tube, open at the bottom, with a grating at the top, and with
holes or slots in it for the exit of ashes through it and for the passage of
air from the air inlet tube to the fuel, which is placed round and botween'
it and the fuel tube. This I call the air and ash tube. Over the fuel
tube and resting upon the outer tube of the base I place another tube
longer than the fuel tube, cither closed at the top or having a moveable
lid of any height in accordance with the amount of radiated heat
required: This I call the radiator, and I make it of materials best
adapted for the rapid passage of heat through them. I burn in this
stove cither coal, coke, peat, wood, or other like material, either singly or
mixed. The fire can be lighted at the top or at the bottom. When
lighted at the top it is necessary to use the air and ash tube, and the
fuel is put into the fuel tube up to the top of the air, and ash tube, then
paper and ordinary firewood, or Patent firewood, peat, or other quickly
inflammable material is placed on the top and lighted. The fuel becomes
ignited along the whole length of the air and ash tube, and is consumed
at a rate proportionate to the quantity of air admitted by the regulation
of the air inlet tube. The unburnt fuel at the sides of the fuel tube
gradually falls in towards the centre taking the place of the consumed
fucl, and burns with little or no smoke. When the fuel is ignited at the
bottom the lighting material is placed at the bottom of the fuel tube and
ignited by passing a flame through the air inlet tube.
When gas is used I remove the air and ash tube and place the cono
bottom on its base at the bottom of the fuel tube, and on its top place a
ring burner or a circle of fish-tail burners, into which is screwed a pipe,'
which passes through the air inlet tube to the outside, and to which is
attached a flexible or other tube of the supply. The gas is then lighted,
the radiator is placed over all, and the combustion, radiation, and venti-'
lation proceed upon the same principle as that of the fuel stove. When
I use argand burners instead of the cone bottom I use a disc with a
circle of holes, over which are placed the burners, or the fuel tube is
dispensed with, the disc with its argand burnérs is put in the place of
the fuel tube, and a metal chimney is placed over each burnér.
..When it is desired to give the stove a more ornamental appearance,
and to give light as well as heat to the room, I make the tube or

page_text: chinineys over the burners of glass, and over all I place instead of an
opaque metal radiator a glass dome or lanthorn.
When it is desired to place the stove so that the products of com-
bustion may pass into the open air direct and not into a chimney I
simply pass the flue out into the open air and prolong it upward to any t
suitable height.
When it is desired to draw fresh air from outside into the room I
place over the stove in the place of the moveable lid an extra radiator
with a bottom; and I conduct the outer air through a tube into the
lower part, and allow the air after being warmed to flow out into the
room through suitable openings at the top. I also effect the same.
result by placing the extra radiator round the lower radiator, leaving an
interval between them. A. chamber similar to this, or made square
shaped with a door to it, forms a baking oven, or it is made with the
sides double, so as to allow the heated air to pass round it.
When an extra power of radiation sideways is required for drying
clothes I place on the stove the above ventilator, in the same manner as
when used for ventilation, but with the entrance and exit holes closed.
When hot water is required I place on the stove instead of the ordinary
cover an elongated one, so as to allow a boiler to be placed within it with
sides sloping from below outwards, so as to allow the heated air to pass
upward and around, the boiler containing the water. To prevent radi-
ation of heat through the lid I double it and pack it with lime or other
suitable non-conducting material, and I deal the same with the outside
casing when necessary. This boiler serves also for all cooking purposes:
where boiling and steaming only is required. But when gas only is
used, and for general cooking by the process of boiling, a modification
of this stove is made, by which instead of a moveable lid each saucepan
used in cooking serves as a lid, preventing the products of combustion
passing out at the top, and these are made to pass out at the lower part
of the apparatus in the same manner as in the stove when used only as
a heating stove; but in this case the sides and lid are doubled, and
packed with any suitable non-conducting substance. This modification
of the apparatus is also used for producing steam for all cooking
purposes, in which case the thickness of the non-conducting material is
increased, and an outer casing of wood is sometimes used..

page_text: When the stove is used as an ironing stove a short fuel tube and
proportionate radiator is used and the irons are placed upon the lid,
which is by preference made of copper.
The term tube or tubes, hercin-before mentioned, is intended to
embrace hollow case or cases of any shape or size, which are capable of
being used for the purposes herein-before set forthi and described.
The foregoing statements particularly describe the nature of the said
Invention, and I will now in further compliance with the condition in
tho said Letters Patent contained proceed to more fully and particularly
describe and ascertain in what manner the same is to be performed or
carried out in practice by referring to the Drawings accompanying these
Presents

page_text: outer tube or radiator which may or may not be covered with a lid; M
(Figs. 3, 3a, & 3b,) represents the burners with chimneys M'; N is the
opaque radiator which is placed over the gas burners by which I obtain
both light and heat to a room or apartment; f is the tray on which
burners rest; gare holes for admission of air to burners; is the centre
feeder for gas pipes i; O (Fig. 4) represents the additional radiator
placed on top of stove, and in Fig. 4a the additional radiator O is
placed round the same; P is a pipe for conveying fresh air into the
radiator (O); R are holes in the top to allow of the exit of the warm air
in the room or apartment as before explained; S is the lid which covers
the radiator, such lid being also perforated so that it can either allow
of fresh air passing into the room or may close the holes if desired. In
Fig. 8, a are gas burners; b, holes for the admission of air. The heated
air rises and circulates round the vessel d and passes down and out by
fluc e.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed or put
in practice, I hereby declare that I claim the Invention of "An Im-
proved Form of Stove, and Apparatus connected therewith for Heating.
Lighting, Ventilating, and Cooking," as herein-before set forth and
described, wherein the following are peculiar and important features:-
1. The general form and construction which allows of any sort of fuel
and gas to be burnt in the same apparatus.
2. General form of construction of the base or stand by which tho
upper part can be adapted to a variety of household requirements, also a
the mode of arrangements by which I draw air of the room through the
base or stand without passing through the fuel, by which mode or
arrangements the room is afforded additional ventilation.
3. The method of and arrangements for introducing air for combustion
to the upper part of the fuel tube, by means of the air and ash per- a
forated tube with its support.
4. The use and arrangement of a perforated frustrum of a cone placed.
at the bottom of the fuel tube.
5. The method of using argand burners and their arrangements on
the perforated disc.
6. The use of a closed domed glass shade for the purposes of heating

page_text: the apartment.
8. The boiler arrangements herein-before described,―
It being understood that I do not limit or confine myself to the exact
details shown and described, provided the peculiar features of my In-
vention are substantially adopted.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Chapman Peacock, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of July, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
Witness,
JOHN CHAPMAN PEACOCK. (L.S.)
CHARLES PALMER,
Clerk, to the
Inventors' Patent Right Association, Limited,
21, Cockspur Strect,
Charing Cross.