Improvements in Pile:Shoes and their Manufacture.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
.Improvements in Pile:Shoes and their Manufacture.
I, ANTHONY HARRIS, of $73, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C., do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of pile shoes or points for protecting
the ends of wood piles while they are being driven into the ground, and 'is an
improvement on the method described in the patent granted me in conjunction
with Isiah Copley in 'the year 1884 and numbered 14815.
In that patent the wrought iron or steel straps or arms for securing the shoes
to the piles and which were placed in the mould prior to casting, "so as 'to be
embedded in the shoe, were composed of flat bars, bent, and passing through
the foot of the shoe and out at the opposite side, the 'two ends pointing upward
in a vertical or nearly vertical direction, or 'in an alternative plan there were
four-straps or arms embedded in the shoe and composed of separate flat bars bent
almost at a right angle at their lower ends, the lower portion projecting trans-
versely across the shoe with a bar passing through the transverse part which
became embedded in the shoe when cast and assisted in binding the whole mass
together.
In my present invention I have introduced improvements. Instead of using
flat, square edge bars, I prefer to use bevel edge bars either bevelled through
their full length, or the portion only that is placed in the mould. I place them
in the mould prior to casting with the broad sides inwards, or facing the opposite
bar so that when the molten metal is run into the mould or chill, to form the
shoe, it flows freely round the back and edges of the bars, and envelopes them
on the back and edges in the form of a double taper that knits them much
more firmly to. the cast iron than in my original plan with square edged bars.
In some cases I may make the two opposite bars out of a single bar, the bar passing
through the body of the shoe and bent upwards at either side, but in my present
invention there is, owing to the ✓ shaped recess, and the further means of
securing the straps hereinafter mentioned, no necessity to form them out of a
continuous bar, and I prefer usually to make them in separate pieces which do
not pass through the cast iron from side to side. I thus avoid the defect of
the construction set forth in my previous patent of partially cutting into two
and separating the upper portion of the shoe from the lower, by the bars which
in plan were in the form of a broad shaped cross, and that left little but the
metal at the four corners to bind the casting together and knit the wrought to
the cast iron. To further strengthen the bars to the cast iron shoe, I taper the
lower portion of the bars, broad side down, or jag, or set back portions of the
[Price 8d.1

page_text: bars so that the molten metal when cast in the chill or mould runs into inequali-
ties or recesses which form obstructions to the bars being withdrawn from the
V shaped grooves to such an extent that either the whole side of the shoe or the
full area of the bars must part before they will come asunder.
To still further unite the wrought iron bars to the cast iron shoes, I provide
holes in the straps where they are to be secured to the shoes, and in casting
allow the molten metal to flow into and fill these holes so that the same forms
a boss or key adhering to and forming an integral portion of the cast iron shoe,
which penetrating the bars lock them, but instead of allowing the metal to flow
into these holes and congeal there I may insert countersunk rivets through the
holes, or other means of attachment round which the molten metal will flow.
I employ suitable devices for holding up the bars when placed in position
in the mould prior to casting these devices acting also to hold the bars in position
while the casting is taking place.
One form of device comprises a pillar adapted to be firmly supported in an
upright position, and having at the upper end a gripping device which grasps a
bar and holds it in the proper position in the mould while casting is taking
place. In another I provide a cradle or rest socketted into the mould at the
exact angle required, and secured therein by a set screw. This cradle or rest is
adapted to support a bar in the mould and hold it therein at the exact angle
required for casting. Both arrangements can be instantly removed, and
disengaged from the bars when finished with.
While preferably I use cast iron chills to form the shoe wherein I place the
bars and run the metal, I do not confine myself to casting in chills but may
employ moulds of any description whether metal or sand etcetera.
In some cases I may substitute round backed iron for hevelled edge, and in
this case the flat side is placed inwards and though preferably I use the bevelled
edge iron, in some cases I may use ordinary flat bars constructed with inequalities
in the surfaces cast in, and the cast iron projecting into holes in the bars or the
rivets or attachments cast in projecting through holes in the straps, or I may
bevel the edges of the portions of the straps cast into the shoes leaving the
remainder plain and in some cases I may allow the portions of the straps cast
into the points to be entirely surrounded by the metal instead of at the back,
and two edges only, so that the metal in surrounding the straps flows through
the holes in them when provided for that purpose and ties the metal together,
thereby, or by the attachments which may be inserted through the holes.
Dated this 4th day of February 1898.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Patent Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pile Shoes and their Manufacture.
I, ANTHONY HARRIS, of 73, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C., do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention relates to the manufacture of pile shoes or points for protecting
the ends of wood piles while they are being driven into the ground, and is an

page_text: improvement on the method described in the patent granted me in conjunction
with Isaiah Copley in the year 1884 and numbered 14815.
In that patent the wrought iron or steel straps or arms for securing the shoes
to the piles and which were placed in the mould prior to casting, so as to be
embedded in the shoe, were composed of flat bars, bent, and passing through
the foot of the shoe and out at the opposite side, the two ends pointing upward
in a vertical or nearly vertical direction, or in an alternative plan there were
four straps or arms embedded in the shoe and composed of separate flat bars bent
almost at a right angle at their lower ends, the lower portion projecting trans-
versely across the shoe with a bar passing through the transverse part which
became embedded in the shoe when cast and assisted in binding the whole mass
together.
In my present invention I have introduced improvements which are set forth
in the following description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings,
wherein
Figures 1 and 2 are elevations partially in section of my pile shoe;
Figures 3 and 4 segmental views of same showing slight modifications:
Figures 5 and 6 the devices for holding up the bars when placed in position
in the mould to hold them while casting is taking place.
Referring to the figures, A. is the chill or mould in which the pile shoe or
points B are cast, C the wrought iron or steel arms or bars by which the wood
pile is secured to the cast iron pile shoe. Instead of using flat square edge bars
I prefer to make these bars C bevel edged at c either bevelled through their
full length or the portion only that is placed in the mould. I place them in
the mould A prior to casting with the broad sides inwards or facing the opposite
bar, so that when the molten metal is run into the mould or chill to form the
shoe, it flows freely round the back and edges of the bars and envelops them
on the back and edges in the form of a double taper that knits them much more
firmly to the cast iron than in my original plan with square edged bars.
In some cases I may make the two opposite bars C out of a single bar, the bar
passing through the body of the shoe, and bent upward at either side, but
in my present invention there is, owing to the tapered or V shaped recess, and
the further means of securing the straps hereinafter mentioned, no necessity
to form them out of a continuous bar, and I prefer usually to make them in
separate pieces which do not pass through the cast iron from side to side. I
thus avoid the defect of the construction set forth in my previous patent, of
partially cutting into two and separating the upper portion of the shoe from
the lower by the bars which in plan were in the form of a broad shaped cross,
and that left little but the metal at the four corners to bind the casting together
and knit the wrought to the cast iron.
To further strengthen the bars to the cast iron shoe, I taper the lower portion
of the bars C broad side down or jag or set back a portion of the bars by serrating,
bifurcating or bending them or otherwise, so that the molten metal when cast
in the chill or mould runs into the inequalities or recesses which form obstruc-
tions to the bars being withdrawn from the V shaped grooves, to such an extent
that either the whole side of the shoe or the full area of the hars must part
before ever they will come asunder.
To still further unite the bars C to the cast iron shoes B, I provide holes D
where they are to be secured to the shoes, and in casting allow the molten
metal to flow into and fill these holes so that the same form a boss or key adhering
to, and forming an integral portion of the cast iron shoe which penetrating
the bars lock them as shown in Figures 2, 3 and 4. Instead however of allowing
the metal to flow into these holes and congeal there, I may if desired insert
countersunk rivets E or other means of attachment round which the molten.
metal will flow, as shown in Figure 1.
I employ a suitable device for holding up the bars when placed in position
in the mould prior to casting, this device also acting to hold the bars in position

page_text: while the casting is taking place. One form of device is set forth in Figure 5
and comprises a pillar F adapted to be firmly supported in an upright position,
and having at the upper end a gripping device Gwhich grasps a bar and holds
it in the proper position in the mould while the casting is taking place. Another
form is set forth in Figure 6, in which I provide a cradle or rest H socketed
in the mould at the exact angle required and secured therein by a set screw 1.
This cradle or rest is adapted to support a bar C in the mould and hold it therein
at the exact angle required for casting. Both arrangements can be instantly
removed and disengaged from the bars when finished with.
A device may be provided however supported direct on the ground and clear
of the chill altogether. Skewers with eyes are driven into the ground opposite
each arm or strap, and horizontal skewers passing through the eyes of the vertical
ones, and through the holes in the two opposite straps. This is a very handy
and convenient arrangement.
While preferably I use cast iron chills to form the shoe wherein I place the
bars and run the metal, I do not confine myself to casting in chills but may
employ moulds of any description whether metal or sand, etcetera.
In some cases I may substitute round backed iron for hevelled edge, and in
this case the flat side is placed inwards, and though preferably I use the-bevelled
edge iron, in some cases I may use ordinary flat bars constructed with inequalities
in the surfaces cast in, and the cast iron projecting into holes in the 'bars or
the rivets or attachments cast in projecting through holes in the bars, or I may
bevel the edges of the portions of the bars cast into the shoes, leaving the
remainder plain, and in some cases I may allow the portions of the 'bars cast
into the points to be entirely surrounded by the metal, see Figure 4, instead of
at the back, and two edges only, so that the metal in surrounding the straps
flows through the holes in them when provided for that purpose and ties the
metal together, thereby, or by .the attachments which may be inserted through
the holes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. The improvement in pile shoes or points for protecting the ends of wooden
piles that are driven into the ground, which consists in forming the wrought
iron or steel bars or -straps that couple the wood pile with the cast iron shoe,
with bevel edges and placing them in the mould prior to casting in such a
manner that when the molten metal is run into the mould or chill to form the
shoe, it flows freely round the back and edges of the :bars, and knits them 'much
more firmly to the cast iron, than is the case where flat square edged bars are
used.
2. In pile shoes, serrating, bifurcating or bending the lower portions of the
bars, so that the molten metal when cast in the chill or mould, runs into the
irregularities or recesses formed thereby, which thus constitute obstructions to
the bars being withdrawn from the cast metal part of the shoe, to such an extent
that either the whole side of the shoe or the full area of the bars must part
before they will come asunder.
3. In pile shoes, forming holes in the bars where they are secured to the
shoes, and in casting allowing the molten metal to flow into and fill these holes,
so that the same forms a boss or key adhering to, and forming, an integral por-
tion of the cast iron shoe. which penetrating the bars, locks them.
4. In pile shoes in which the bars or straps are made in the manner set forth
in Claims 1, 2 and 3, forming holes in the straps or bars where they are to be
secured to the shoes, and inserting countersunk rivets through said holes so that
in casting the shoes, the molten metal will flow round these rivets and form
them into an integral portion of the cast iron shoe.
5. In the manufacture of pile shoes or points for protecting the ends of wooden

page_text: piles that are driven into the ground, the devices for holding the bars when
placed in position in the mould prior to casting the apparatus, also acting to
hold the bars in position while casting is taking place substantially as described.
6. The general combined arrangement and construction of parts forming my
improved pile shoes or points for protecting the ends of wood piles that have to
be driven into the ground substantially as set forth.
Doted this 3rd day of November 1898.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Patent Agents, of Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham and London.