IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO APPARATUS FOR CONSUMING SMOKE IN THE FURNACES OF STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick John Checsbrough of the Office for Patents
15 Water Street Liverpool in the County of Lancaster Consulting Engineer
for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO APPARATUS FOR
CONSUMING SMOKE IN THE FURNACES OF STEAM BOILERS." A communication
to him from abroad by Christoph Zacharias and Hermann Zacharias both
of Vienna in the Empire of Austria.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick John Cheesbrough
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th November 1882.
FREDERICK JOHN CHEESBROUGH, of the Office for Patents, 15, Water Street,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Consulting Engineer
AND RELATING TO APPARATUS FOR CONSUMING SMOKE IN THE FURNACES OF
STEAM BOILERS [A communication to him from abroad by Christoph Zacharias
and Hermann Zacharias both of Vienna in the Empire of Austria.]
"
The object of this Invention is the construction of an apparatus that may be
applied for consuming smoke in the furnaces of steam boilers, whether locomotive,
marine, or stationary boilers and of any construction of boiler and fire grate.
First The Invention consists of two retorts, or chambers, which are placed one
on each side of the fire grate and serve the purpose of air supplying passages.
These chambers or retorts extend for the length of the fire grate and their front
ends are provided with regulators to regulate the admission of air from the outside
into the retorts. For this latter purpose the front ends of the retorts are provided
with cylindrical boxes with sector doors and openings, the doors being turned by
means of winch handles, so that such doors can be opened, or closed as required.
The air supplying retorts are provided with side passages at their inner ends which
open into the fire grate through which side passages the air enters the fire grate
from the retorts. They are also provided with coupling boxes, or branches at their
rear ends and with coupling boxes, or branches on their upper inner ends, and
with hermetically closing cleaning doors below the side, or air passages. The two

page_text: retorts are placed, or embedded along the lateral sides of the furnace, in such a
manner that the two air passages face one another in horizontal position sufficiently
above the fire grate.
Second This Invention consists of an air chamber, or receiver formed in, or
forming the fire bridge. The ends of this receiver take into the coupling boxes, or
branches of the retorts mentioned under the first part. This air chamber is pro-
vided with an opening in its front side through which the air enters into the
furnace, such opening being at the same level as the air openings in the side
retorts. The back air chamber is provided with an hermetically closing door on
its under side.
Third This Invention consists of a communicator pipe or passage crossing the
flue above the fire bridge and connecting with the coupling boxes, or branches on
the upper inner ends of the side retorts and the lower, or under face is
provided with an opening through which the air passes into the furnace above
the bridge.
These three above enumerated component parts can be conveniently manu-
factured of cast iron and may be built in, or cased with fire clay.
Instead of having only one passage in the side retorts bridge and flue chamber,
Beveral holes.or slots may be used to attain the same end.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows. During the stoking of the furnace,
the air regulators of the side retorts remain closed until the fuel in the fire grate
is fairly burning and the sides of the furnace are well heated. Air is then admitted
to the apparatus where it becomes heated and passes onto the flame in the furnace
and supplies sufficient oxygen to burn the carbonic acid and carbonic oxide and
consume the flying soot, which principally form the black flocky smoke.
By the use of this Invention combustion-is-exceedingly. -active and the
consumption of fuel is reduced.
The apparatus is when necessary cleaned through the doors on the underside
previously described.
When the furnace is being heated these doors must be carefully closed.

page_text: or slit m the orifice of which is extended in the form of lips inclined towards the
fire-box.
These three above enumerated component parts can be conveniently manufactured
of cast iron and may be built in, or cased with fire clay.
Instead of having only one air blast passage, or slit in each air supplying
passage A and in the air chamber B, several slits may be arranged, either side by
side, or one over the other, or the form of nose-pipes may be given to them.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows. During the firing of the furnace
the two regulators C, C remain closed until the fuel in the fire grate is fairly
burning and the sides of the furnace and fire-bridge are well heated; then the air
admitting ports of said regulators are conveniently opened by turning the winch
cranks aa. The atmospheric air passes from the ash-pit through the regulators
into the air supplying passages A. A, from whence it flows through the coupling
boxes cc and ii at the same time into the communicator D and into the air
chamber B and finally rushes in a strongly heated state through slits c c, g and m
towards the flame supplying this latter with a sufficient quantity of oxygen to
burn the carbonic oxide and flying soot, which principally form the black flocky
smoke, to carbonic acid and ashes respectively.
By this arrangement the combustion grows exceedingly active and therefore tho
consumption of fuel is considerably reduced.
The cleaning doors and K serve to clean the apparatus from the flying ashes
and from the particles of coal that may have fallen in through the slits c c and g
when fresh coal was added, or when the fire was poked.
When the furnace is
What I claim as the Invention communicated to me by my Foreign Corre-
spondents is
being heated these doors must be carefully closed.
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First. In furnaces, the arrangement of two air canals running along the sides of
the fire-box and communicating at one end by means of an air admission regulator
with the ashpit, at the other end with an air chamber that forms the fire bridge
and with a tube, or canal D that crosses the flue above the fire bridge, said air
canals A. A, air chamber B and tube D being provided with slits through which
the air coming from the ashpit and having been heated during its passage through
said canals, flows out into the fire at a convenient height above the fire grate, thus
supplying a sufficient quantity of oxygen to cause a quick and complete combustion
of the particles of coal hurried along by the flames and of the carbonic oxide,
substantially as described.
Second. In furnaces, the arrangement behind the fire grate of a cross running
air chamber that forms in some way the fire-bridge and is provided with one, or
more horizontal slits opening above the fire grate and causing the air which has
been conducted from the ashpit into said air chamber to flow into the fire in order
to effect a more active combustion.
Third. In furnaces, above the fire-bridge an air canal, or tube across the flue
uniting together two air canals that run along the sides of the fire box and being
provided with a slit turned downwards to the fire by which slit the atmospheric
air coming from the ashpit and having been heated during its passage through
said canals flows into the fire in order to effect a more active combustion.
In Witness whereof I, the said Frederick John Cheesbrough have hereunto
set my hand and seal this twenty eighth day of April in the year of
our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eighty three.
AZANT