Improvements connected with the Filtering of Water and other Liquids.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 7th June, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Feb., 1895-Accepted, 6th Apr., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements connected with the Filtering of Water and other
Liquids.
I, CHARLES EDOUARD CHAMBERLAND, Doctor of Sciences of 58, Rue Notre-
Dame de Lorette, Paris, France, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
My improvements apply to that class of filtering apparatus in which the liquid to
be filtered is caused to pass through hollow porous bodies, particularly porous
bodies of the kind described in the Specification of my British Letters Patent
dated March 22 1884 No. 5339.
The first object of my improvements is to provide a means by which the water to
be filtered can be indefinitely sterilised. The second object of my improvements
is to provide a means by which the flow of the filtrate delivered by the apparatus
can be rendered practically regular and constant.
The means for obtaining water which shall be indefinitely sterilised consists,
broadly speaking, in subdividing the filtering operation into two or more distinct
filtering operations taking place consecutively, in such a manner that by the first
filtering operation, the water to be acted upon is first deprived of all foreign
bodies therein contained; the said bodies being retained upon the outer surface of
the filtering body, and that by the second filtering operation, the water which has
undergone a first filtering action is again subjected to a second filtering operation,
for the purpose of rendering it indefinitely sterile.
The filtering medium consists preferably of a hollow cylindrical body or bodies
made of baked porcelain sufficiently porous for the purpose to be accomplished.
The special filtering body set forth in my aforementioned Patent will answer the
purpose, but it is evident that any other similar filter can be employed. The
arrangement of the filtering bodies is such that the water to be filtered first passes
through one body and then through another body in immediate succession. To
this end the body through which the first filtering, operation is effected is fitted
within a chamber into which the water to be filtered is admitted so as to cause the
water to pass through the said body. As it leaves the inside of the latter, the
filtrate is now led into a further chamber containing another body through which
the second filtering operation is effected, and leaves the apparatus indefinitely
sterilised. The two filtering bodies can either be arranged in succession onc
behind the other or concentrically. The connection between the bodies, in either
case, is made in any suitable known way.
The means for securing a constant delivery or flow of the filtrate, instead of
being, as heretofore, directly proportionate to or dependent upon the more or less
clogged state of the filtering bodies, consists, broadly speaking, in determining
special conditions in respect of the number of bodies effecting the first filtering
operation with regard to the number of bodies effecting the final or sterilising
operation, that is to say the number of bodies which effect the first filtering is
greater than that of the bodies which effect the final filtering. In other words, the
aggregate surface of the first bodies in excess over that of the second body or
bodies is such, that the former shall, at all times & independently of the more or
less clogged state thereof, supply the latter with filtrate in sufficient quantity to

page_text: enable the said latter bodies to yield a practically regular and constant delivery
of the said filtrate.
Dated this 7th day of June 1894.
Improvements connected with the Filtering of Water and other
Liquids.
I, CHARLES EDOUARD CHAMBERLAND, Doctor of Sciences, of 58 Rue Notre
Dame de Lorette, Paris, France, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My improvements apply to that class of filtering apparatus in which the liquid
to be filtered is caused to pass through hollow porous bodies, particularly porous
bodies of the kind described in the Specification of my British Letters Patent
dated March 22 1884 No. 5339.
The first object of my improvements is to provide a means by which the water to
be filtered can be rendered sterile for an indefinite length of time. The second object
of my improvements is to produce a means by which the flow of the filtrate
delivered by the apparatus can be rendered practically constant.
The means for obtaining water which shall be thus sterilised, consists, broadly
speaking, in subdividing the filtering operation into two or more distinct filtering
operations taking place consecutively, in such a manner that, by the first filtering
operation, the water to be acted upon is first deprived of all foreign bodies therein
contained, the said bodies being retained úpon the outer surface of the filtering-
body and that by the second filtering operation, the water which has undergone a
first filtering operation is again subjected to a second filtering operation, for the
purpose of rendering it sterile as set forth.
The filtering medium consists preferably of a hollow cylindrical body or bodies
made of baked porcelain sufficiently porous for the purpose to be accomplished.
The special filtering body set forth in the Specification of my aforesaid Patent will
answer the purpose, but it is evident that any other similar filter can be employed.
The arrangement of the filtering bodies is such that the water to be filtered first
passes through one body and then through another body in immediate succession.
To this end, the body through which the first filtering operation is effected is fitted
within a chamber into which the water to be filtered is admitted, so as to cause
the water to pass through the said body. As it leaves the inside of the latter, the
filtrate is now led into a further chamber containing another body, through which
the second filtering operation is effected, and leaves the apparatus sterilised for an
indefinite length of time. The two filtering bodies can either be arranged in
succession one behind the other or concentrically. The connection between the
bodies, in either case, is made in any suitable way.
The means for securing a constant delivery or flow of the filtrate, instead of
being, as heretofore, directly proportionate to or dependent upon the more or less
clogged state of the filtering bodies, consists, broadly speaking, in determining
special conditions in respect of the number of bodies effecting the first filtering
operation with regard to the number of bodies effecting the final or sterilising
operation, that is to say the number of bodies which effect the first filtering is
greater than that of the bodies which effect the final filtering. In other words, the
aggregate surface of the first bodies in excess over that of the second body or

page_text: +
bodies is such that the former shall, at all times and independently of the more or
less clogged state thereof, supply the latter with filtrate in sufficient quantity to
enable the said latter bodies to yield a practically constant delivery of the said
filtrate.
In the accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 shows a first arrangement and Fig. 2 a second arrangement of the means
by which the water to be filtered can be rendered sterile for an indefinite length
of time.
Fig. 3 shows an arrangement by which the flow of the filtrate can be rendered
practically constant.
Referring to Fig. 1, a is a filtering body through which the liquid first passes;
it is contained in a chamber b, having an inlet c for the liquid to be filtered and an
outlet for the filtrate. As it leaves the inside of the body a, the initially
filtered liquid reaches a chamber e containing a second filtering body f, which
I call the sterilising filter and through which the liquid again passes after which it
runs out at g.
The joint between a & b is obtained by a coupling of soft rubber / held on the
nipple of the body a by a soft rubber ring i; a nut j which is screwed to the
chamber b presses h firmly against the lower end of the said chamber.
A washer k
of vulcanised rubber or other suitable material is interposed between h & j, if
required. The joint between the filtering body fand the chamber e can be effected
likewise.
Referring to Fig. 2, the arrangement therein shown comprises a filtering body u,
through which the liquid passes for the first time and which, together with the
sterilising filter f, is contained in a single chamber having an inlet c. The first
filter a is connected by a rubber coupling to a nipple / forming part of a disk m
which is pressed by a nut j against the lower end of the chamber b, a suitable
flexible washer k being interposed to form a water-tight joint. The sterilising
filter rests in an axial extension of the coupling hand is secured thereinto either
by a ligature, as shown, or by a ring similar to the ring i, of Fig. 1. The connection
between the coupling hand the nipple 1 can be effected in a similar manner. The
liquid to be filtered passes through the filter a and then through the sterilising
filter and issues at n.
Referring to Fig. 3, I have shown a diagram of an arrangement in which the
filters for effecting the first filtration are contained in a common chamber a into
which the water to be filtered is supplied at b. The said filters comprise
groups c, d, e, f, and g, h, in any suitable number. The filtrate of each individual
group is delivered to a collector i leading into a chamber j containing a sterilising
filter or a group k of such filters. The water from the collector i, after having
been filtered once through the groups of filters c, d, e, f, g, h, fills the chamber 1, is
thus again filtered through the bodies k and leaves the apparatus at 7.
In practice, it will be sufficient to cleanse the initial filters c, d, e, f, g, h only,
since the secondary filters & do not become clogged; the latter filters will thus at
all times yield a full amount of filtrate provided the initial filters supply them
with the necessary quantity of initially filtered water. Furthermore, as the initial
filters only become clogged proportionately to the yield of the second filter, an
important advantage is secured owing to the cleansing operations being rarely
required.
Finally, it is to be observed that the greater the difference between the filtering
area of the initial filters and the filtering area of the secondary filters, the slower
will the latter become clogged and the more will the secondary filters tend to yield
a constant supply of filtrate.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. The method of filtering liquids, consisting in subdividing the filtering action

page_text: into two or more distinct and successive operations, substantially as hereinbefore
described and for the purpose set forth.
2. The arrangement of filter, substantially as described and shown in Fig. 1.
3. The arrangement of filter, substantially as described and shown in Fig. 2.
4. The method of securing a constant delivery or flow of a filtrate, substantially
as described.
5. The arrangement of filter for the delivery of a constant supply of a filtrate,
substantially as hereinbefore described and shown in Fig. 3.
into two or more distinct and successive operations, substantially as hereinbefore
described and for the purpose set forth.
2. The arrangement of filter, substantially as described and shown in Fig. 1.
3. The arrangement of filter, substantially as described and shown in Fig. 2.
4. The method of securing a constant delivery or flow of a filtrate, substantially
as described.
5. The arrangement of filter for the delivery of a constant supply of a filtrate,
substantially as hereinbefore described and shown in Fig. 3.
Dated this 23rd day of February 1895.
For the Applicant,
W. LLOYD WISE,