Improvements in Machines for Shearing. and like Bars or Girders.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 30th July, 1897- Accepted, 29th Jan., 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for Shearing.], U, L, and like Bars
or Girders.
I, HUGO JOHN, of 8, Pilse, Erfurt, Germany, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-.
This invention relates to machinery for cutting bars or girders (hereinafter called
girders) of various cross sectional forms. I will describe it in connection with girders
of | or double T form from which its use for cutting girders of other sections will be
readily understood.
The girder is turned over on to one of its sides and bears on a lower knife, an upper
knife only being moved for the purpose of cutting through the girder, receiving
pressure in such a direction that in combination with the lower rotatable cutting-tool
it presses the flange of the double T girder against an upright stationary third knife
and thereby causes the flange to be cut through by the stationary vertical knife,
whereupon then the upper knife and the lower knife by reason of the peculiar form
of their cutting surfaces, also cut into the web of the girder.
In this manner the work of cutting the girder is divided, first, into cutting through
an upright flange by means of the three knives arranged on both sides of the said.
flange and then cutting through the horizontally-situated girder web. This causes a
great saving of power.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings is a vertical section illustrating the machine.
Fig. 2 is a section through the machine on the line A B, Fig. 1, looking in the
direction of the arrows.
Fig. 3 illustrates a wedge that is inserted between the presser and the upper
knife. Figs. 4 and 5 are respectively an elevation and a section of a knife, such as
the upper knife, with removable cutting edge.
Figs. 6 and 7 illustrate a device arranged on the girder cutting machine for
moving the girder to be cut.
The girder a to be cut is placed in a turned-over position with its web horizontal.
in.the opening b of the cutting-machine which has a frame c, and cutting tools or
knives de f. d is the stationary vertical knife which bears with its back against the
bolt g (that connects the walls of the framing) and is pressed against the broad
surfaces of the vertical flange a¹ of the girder a.
The lower knife e upon which the girder lies, is pivotted on a bolt h and has an
angular cutting-edge i k of such a shape that said cutting edge enters first only in.
the arch a² between the web and the flange so that therefore the cutting edge does
not act with its whole surface against the lower edge of the web. The upper knife f.
is the only knife which is pressed against the girder by means of suitable power-
exerting mechanism. It also has two acute-angled cutting edges i k¹ like the lower;
knife, and is moved in the following manner, in order to make a cut.

page_text: Pivotted to the hand lever m, near its pivot n is a connecting rod o, which by
means of its ratchet teeth p and a cap q, (which is pivotted on the bolt of the outer
end of a lever S) rotates the lever S gradually. Upon the rotary axle of the
levers is fixed an eccentric t which is engaged by the presser u.
The presser u
presses through the medium of an inserted wedge against the back of the upper
knife f. The wedge v is held in its position by means of a shoulder f¹ on the upper
knife and is arched at its back v. Against this arch the presser u bears with a
corresponding recess u¹.
By the pressure which is exerted by the eccentric (during the gradual oscillation
of the hand-lever m and of the lever S which is moved thereby through the medium
of the rod o) upon the knife f, this knife is forced into the cavity as of the girder to
be cut and acts first against the inner side of the flange and then against the web of
the girder to be cut.
The mode of operation of the cutting machine is as follows:-
2
For the purpose of cutting through a girder the said girder is placed upon the
knife e so that it is situated in the angle between the edges i and k and bears upon
the knife e. In order to facilitate the insertion of the girder there is provided
between the stationary vertical knife d and the lower knife e a spring which forces
the knife e away from the knife d and thus has a tendency to widen the space
between the two knives. When the girder has been inserted, the wedge v is inserted
between the presser u and the upper knife f, and then by moving the hand-lever m
the eccentric t is gradually rotated.
.
In this manner pressure is exerted upon the back of the knife fin such a direction
that the cutting edge of the same first enters the inside of the flange at a³ and
gradually cuts through the flange on the inside. By this means the girder is further
pressed against the fixed knife g, so that its cutting edge cuts from the outside into
the vertical flange a¹ of the girder. Also the pressure of the presser u against the
upper knife f acts to press the girder a against the lower knife e so that this latter
cuts from below into the flange of the girder.
The cutting of the knives e, f, and d into the girder and the small movement of
said knives have for result that the horizontal cutting edges i, ¹, of the knives e, f,
also gradually enter the web at of the girder and cut through the latter. When the
flange a' and the web at have been cut through, the girder is turned, and the cutting
operation is effected on the other side of the girder, assuming the case of a double
T girder.
The knife fis loose and is guided by a slot l' about a bolt l. This bolt does not
serve to guide the knife in the downward movement caused by the pressing presser u
(because the knife is then freely movable in its slot about the bolt) but it
serves, after the completion of the cut, to hold the knife f and to allow of it
turning up.
In order, after the completion of the cut, to render the working-opening free for
the purpose of inserting a fresh girder, the presser is connected by means of a
chain u to a small pivotted handle u³, so that by rotating the handle us into the
position shown in dotted lines, the presser u is drawn up. The knife f is then
capable of being turned round by means of a handle and can be turned up by
means of said handle (see dotted position shown in Fig. 1) so as to leave the working
opening free.
A laterally-pivotted leaf spring f³ serves to hold the handle 2 of the knife ƒ and
consequently the latter, firmly. In order to ensure good guidance of the presser u
on the wedge v1 the punch is provided with an extended nose u¹.
In order to relieve the separately-formed cutting edges i, k, and ¹,, in the
knife-holder of load so that a simple attachment by means of a screw wis sufficient
to fasten the knife, the knife edges themselves are provided as shown in Fig. 4
with steps, i³, which steps 3 bear against shoulders on the corresponding knife
holder. A screw w is then sufficient to hold the knife in its place and the pressure
exerted against the cutting edges is taken up directly by the steps, x.

page_text: In order in such cutting machines to facilitate as much as possible the transport of
the girder to the knives, the following means are employed :-
==
Adjacent to the front wall of the framing c there is arranged in a sleeve 1, à pin 2,
which is capable of rotating about a vertical axis and on which a hand-lever 3, is
mounted, so as to be capable of oscillation. This hand-lever 3 is provided on its
front end with a knife edge 4, and at its rear end with a pawl 5 which engages
in the teeth 6 of the pin 2. The knife edge 4 allows the girder to be turned ;
whilst the pin 2 mounted rotatably in the sleeve allows the hand-lever 3 to be
moved horizontally, so that by raising and rotating the hand-lever 3 and also by
releasing the same, the girder can be placed upon the lower knife and the girder
itself can be moved to the exact position. The other end of the girder which is
not to be cut through rests upon a roller 7 which is pivotted to an arm 8 that can
be raised by means of a hand-lever 9 pivotted on a bolt 10. The arm 8, roller 7 and
lever 9 are arranged between the two walls of the framing c. The arm 8 bears
against a roller 11, and the free end of the roller 7 is guided by means of a flat
strip of iron 12 between the walls of the framing. The hand-lever
at its rear end with a pawl 13 which is adapted to engage with ratchet teeth 14 on
is provided
the rear of the walls of the framing c. By moving the hand-lever 9 downwards, the
girder a can be raised by the ascending roller 7 and can be moved forwards in
combination with the transporting apparatus 3, 4.
In order to prevent the knives from cutting too deeply, which might cause the
knives to meet together at their edges, the knives themselves are formed with
shoulders y, y, which meet together when the corresponding cutting-stroke of the
knife is completed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. A machine for cutting Ị, Ú, L and like bars or girders comprising three
knives upon the lower one of which the bar or girder is adapted to rest with its flange
(or one of them if there be several) resting against another knife that is arranged
vertically the third of said knives being adapted to be pressed by suitable means
such as described against the bar or girder and the arrangement being such that
upon such pressure being applied to the upper knife the flange of the girder will first
be cut through by the vertical knife and then the web will be cut through by the two
other knives, substantially as described.
2. In a machine for cutting bars or girders of the kind referred to in Claim 1, the
arrangement of a spring z acting against the pivotted lower knife e for the purpose
of ensuring a free space between the lower knife e and the vertical fixed knife d
before the commencement of the cut, substantially as described.
3. In a bar or girder-cutting machine of the kind referred to in Claim 1, the
arrangement of knife edges ik and i¹¹ which are provided on their backs with
steps 3, said steps bearing against shoulders x on the knife holder, for the purpose
of transmitting the pressure of the cutting operation to the knife holders, substantially
as described.
4. In a bar or girder-cutting machine of the kind referred to in Claim 1, arranging
the upper knife so as to be capable of rocking about a bolt for the purpose, after
the pressing presser u has been raised, of freeing the working-opening of the upper
knife f by means of the handle f2 and providing the said knife with a shoulder f¹
to hold in position a wedge v interposed between the said knife and the punch u
substantially as described.
5. In combination with a bar or girder-cutting machine of the kind referred to in
Claim 1, means for transporting the bar or girder consisting of a knife edge 4 fixed
on the end of a hand-lever 3 and capable of being rotated horizontally and vertically,
or the purpose of supporting the girder at the flange which is to be cut through, and
roller 7 which is capable of being moved to and fro and of being lifted up between
he walls c of the framing, substantially as described.

page_text: +
6. A machine for cutting I, UL and like bars or girders constructed arranged
and operating substantially as shown in and described with reference to the
ac companying drawings.
His both day of July 1007.
For the Applicant,
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agent.