IMPROVEMENTS IN AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF MOULDED OB COMPRESSED FUEL, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR MATERIALS REQUIRING ANALOGOUS TREATMENT
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Isaac Lilley and Frank Morris, both of Swansea, in
the county of Glamorgan, for an invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND IN
APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF MOULDED OB COMPRESSED FUEL,
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Isaac Lilley and Frank
Morris at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th April
1882.
ISAAC LILLEY and FRANK MORRIS, both of Swansen, in the county of
Glamorgan, "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF
MOULDED OR COMPRESSED FUEL, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR MATERIALS REQUIRING
ANALOGOUS TREATMENT
"
This invention has for its object the treatment of materials for the manufacturo
of compressed fuel and relates to the filling into moulds, cooling and compressing
thereof, and also to providing simple and efficient apparatus to effect the same,
capable of turning out a large quantity per machine; and which apparatus can also
be used for manipulating materials requiring analogous treatment, such as bricks,
blocks and the like.
We fix a rotary mixing apparatus or "pug" immediately above a cooling or
vacuum chamber (hereinafter described) and a circular moulding table carrying,
say, ten moulds.
Immediately below the chamber and table are fixed two inverted cylinders giving
motion to two levers placed one on each side of a diameter of the table and parallel
thereto, which levers serve the double purpose of compressing the block and forcing
it (when compressed) from the mould. Here also we have a horizontal shaft
driving two vertical shafts, one of which passes through the centre of the table
and into the mixer by suitable gearing between the pug or mixing apparatus and
moulding table. This shaft actuates two "pushers" or levers, serving to push off
the table the compressed blocks when lifted by the levers.

page_text: The other vertical shaft is fixed outside the table and imparts by means of a
crank and crank-arın rotary motion to the table. It also carries eccentrics which
give motion to the valves of the pressing cylinders.
We will now proceed to describo the mode of working.
The material when mixed is regulated to fall through an aperture in the bottom
of the pug or mixing apparatus, passing through the cooling chamber, directly on
to the table and into the moulds. In its fall the excess of stonin used for the
heating and mixing in the pug or mixing apparatus is extracted by creating a
partial vacuum in the cooling chamber by means of an ejector worked by the
exhaust steam from the cylinders below. By this means superfluous moisture is
more or less eliminated and the temperature of the mixture considerably reduced
at the time of moulding, thus ensuring better and more homogeneous compression.
To further assist the filling of the moulds weighted scrapers are fixed in the
chamber, inclined in the direction of the movement of the table and serving to level
the material in the moulds. During the filling three moulds are always directly
under the chamber (which in this instance is so formed as to cover this number
only). Motion of one tenth of a revolution being given to the table brings a filled
mould under the pressing plate and over the " presser attached to the lever
worked by the pressing cylinder below and is compressed. Another movement of
the table brings another filled mould above the presser,
which movement brings
the previously compressed block over the "lifter."
"
When the lever now compresses the second block, the lifter being attached to
the same lever, the first block is lifted by it completely out of the mould and is
then pushed off the table by the pusher, as before described. The now empty
mould when released from the lifter during another stroke of the table enters
a second chamber and the like process is repeated.
Now, having only used five of the moulds in tho table it will be seen that we
have completed the block by using only one-half of the table, and that a similar
operation takes place in the other half by which duplex moulding and pressing
is accomplished by the use of one rotary table.
It is obvious that this arrangement is suitable for any number of moulds fixed
in the table, and that the mere mechanical details are capable of more or less
variation, if desired.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Isaac Lilley and Frank Morris in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 11th October 1882.
ISAAC LILLEY and FRANK MORRIS, both of Swansea in the County of
Glamorgan IMPROVEMENTS IN AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF
MOULDED OR COMPRESSED FUEL APPLICABLE ALSO FOR MATERIALS REQUIRING
ANALOGOUS TREATMENT”.
This invention has for its object the treatment of materials for the manufacture
of compressed fuel and relates to the filling into moulds' cooling and compressing
thereof, and also to providing simple and efficient apparatus to effect the same,
capable of turning out a large quantity per machine; and which apparatus can also
be used for manipulating materials requiring analogous treatment, such as bricks,
blocks and the like.
We fix a rotary mixing apparatus or
< pug"
immediately above a cooling or
vacuum chamber (hereinafter described) and a circular moulding table carrying, say
ten moulds.
Immediately below the chamber and table are fixed two inverted cylinders giving
motion to two levers placed one on each side of a diameter of the table and parallel
thereto, which lovers serve the double purpose of compressing the block and forcing
it (when compressed) from the mould. Here also we have a horizontal shaft
driving two vertical shafts, one of which passes through the centre of the table and
into the mixer by suitable gearing between the pug or mixing apparatus and
moulding table. This shaft actuates two "pushers" or levers, serving to push off
the table the compressed blocks when lifted by the lovers.
The other vertical shaft is fixed outside the table and imparts by means of n.
crank and crank-arm rotary motion to the table. It also carries eccentrics which
give motion to the valves of the pressing cylinders.
We will now proceed to describe the mode of working.
The material when mixed is regulated to fall through an aperture in the bottom
of the pug or mixing apparatus, passing through the cooling chamber, directly on
to the table and into the moulds. In its fall the excess of steam used for the
heating and mixing in the pug or mixing apparatus is extracted by creating a
partial vacuum in the cooling chamber by means of an ejector worked by the
exhaust steam from the cylinders below. By this means superfluous moisture
is more or less eliminated and the temperature of the mixture considerably
reduced at the time of moulding, thus ensuring better and more homogeneous
compression.
To further assist the filling of the moulds weighted scrapers are fixed in the
chamber inclined in the direction of the movement of the table and serving to
level the material in the moulds. During the filling three moulds are always
directly under the chamber, (which in this instance is so formed as to cover this
number only). Motion of one tenth of a revolution being given to the table
brings a filled mould under the pressing plate and over the " presser" attached
to the lever worked by the pressing cylinder below and is compressed. Another
movement of the table brings another filled mould above the presser, which
movement brings the previously compressed block over the "lifter."-When the
lever now compresses the second block, the lifter being attached to the same
lever, the first block is lifted by it completely out of the mould and is then pushed
off the table by the pusher, as before. described. The now empty mould when

page_text: released from the lifter during another stroke of the table enters a second chamber
und the like process is repented.
Now, having only used five of the moulds in the table, it will bo seen that wo
have completed the block by using only one half of the table and that a similar
operation takes place in the other half by which duplex moulding and pressing
is accomplished by the use of one rotary table.
It is obvious that this arrangement is suitable for any number of inoulds fixed in
the table and that the mere mechanical details are capable of more or less variation,
if desired.
Referring to the accompanying Drawings and to the figures and letters of
reference marked thereon sheet I shows an elovation of our apparatus shoet II a
plan of same on line X Y
B is a cylindrical feeder fixed in an inclined position over the "pug" or
mixer D.
The material to be treated is fed forward in the feeder B by a revolving worm
or screw blades or other suitable devico.
While passing along it is exposed to heated air and steam, the steam being the
surplus from the "pug," and the hot air from the stack of a boiler used to generato
steam for the pug or from other source of heat.
The heated air enters at C. and with the steain escapes at the aperture A.
The materials now enter the pug which may be of ordinary construction and
perforated for the injection of steam to heat the materials,
Below the "pug "D is the cooling chamber E which may be used, as shewn, or
with the standards F removed and two side or extra coolers added.
To further assist the cooling of the materials the exhaust pipe W from the
pressing cylinders S. S. (hereinafter described) may pass to the cooling chamber E
as shown and so create a vacuum, and by admitting air to the mouth of the
chamber the excess of steam is thus carried away.
G. is the moulding table.
It is formed with teeth or projections at its aidos which are acted on by the pawl |
or crank arm T to advance the table at each stroke.
The mould on the table becomes filled as it passes under the "pug" and a full
mould comes under the pressing plate.
The lovers J. J. are actuated by the pistons N N of the pressing cylinders $ S
through the links M. Brackets O. P. support and guide the levers J. J.
The pressers K K moved by these compress the material in the mould into a
block.
The arm T then advancing the table a fresh quantity of material is brought to
bo compressed, and the previously compressed block is now over the lifter L which
forces (during the next pressing movement) one of the stamps H, so that the
block is raised above the surface of the table and by a pusher or other suitablo
arrangement pushed off.
The press is driven by the main shaft R running in bearings V. V. and driving
by gearing U U the crank and arm or pawl T for advancing the table.
Qare the eccentrices actuating the valves of the pressing cylinders S S.
By means of gearing in the centre of the press (not shown to avoid complication)
of the drawings but which can be readily understood) the shaft R drives the
mixing arms of the "pug."
I is the pedestal or plate supporting the axis or bearings of the moulding table.
Z is the steam inlet to the cylinders S S.
Having now described our invention and the manner of performing the same
we would have it understood that we claim.―
Firstly. The improved process of manufacturing mouldod or compressed fuel
and the like substantially as described.
Secondly. In combination with the "pug" and the moulding table the cooling
chamber E operated as described for removing the excess of steam from the
heated material previous to and during the prossing of the same,

page_text: Thirdly. In combination with the moulding table G the levers J. J. pressers K K
and lifters L L operated by the steam cylinders S S to mould the blocks and at
each fresh stroke discharge the block previously formed substantially as described.
Fourthly. The general arrangement and combination of apparatus substantially
as and for the purposes described In witness whereof we the said Isanc
Lilley and Frank Morris have hereunto set our hands and seals this Tonth day
of October in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eighty two.