IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING BALES OF COTTON AND OTHER MATERIAL, WRAPPERS THEREFOR
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Irving Campbell, of Southgate Crescent,
Reading, in the County of Berks, Civil Engineer, for the Invention
..of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING BALES OF COTTON AND OTHER MATERIAL,
WRAPPERS THEREFOR."-A communication from abroad by
Theodore Kleinknecht, residing at Khangaum, in the Berars,
Central India.
AND
Sealed the 26th February 1869, and dated the 2nd September 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Irving Campbell
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 2nd September 1868.
I, JOHN IRVING CAMPBELL, of Southgate Crescent, Reading, in the
County of Berks, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING BALES OF COTTON AND OTHER
MATERIAL, AND IN WRAPPERS THEREFOR 'to be as follows:-
The Invention consists of a wrapper of jute, hemp, or other textile
matter made into two or more pieces specially for securing bales of
cotton, jute, and other fibrous material, either in a raw or manufactured
[Price 8d.]

page_text: state, and is intended to supersede the separate rope lashings or iron
bands. The wrapper is formed of material approaching in appearance
the coarse bagging in general use for covering baled goods, but has small
cords, ropes, wire, or other material suitable for binding purposes woven
into the wrapper, in bands of sufficient strength to secure a bale; or the
material may be equally distributed over the whole surface of the
wrapper in proportion to the strain it has to resist.
Half the wrapper
will be placed at the upper end of the press, and the other half at the
lower end, as is now done with the gunny bagging used for covering
bales, and the cotton or other fibrous material having been pressed the
edges of the new wrapper would be fastened together on each side by a
spear or mesh, hooks, toggles, clips, a lacing, or other method.
This wrapper can be produced at a cost not exceeding that of the
lashings and bands including the bagging in use at present, and is far
more compact in that it is both the covering and securing medium, and
its strength can without the slightest inconvenience be increased to hold
the most expansive material to given dimensions, or made as light as
may be required.
In some cases I apply bands as described above separately, i.e., inde-
pendent of the bagging or sacking. The separate bands would be applied
to the bale in the press much in the same manner as hoop iron bands
are now applied, and could be secured by a spear, tie, claw, or any other
method found most convenient.
The annexed Drawing shows a wrapper made according to the
Invention, but I do not confine myself to make the wrapper only as
shown in the accompanying plan as regards the dimensions, number of
bands, or mode of weaving, or the formation of the eyes, for the wrapper
will be made to suit the requirements of the various uses to which it
may be put.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Irving Campbell in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 2nd March 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
IRVING CAMPBELL, of Southgate Crescent, Reading, in the County of
Berks, Civil Engineer, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said John Irving Campbell, Her special licence
that I, the said John Irving Campbell, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Irving Campbell, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, .
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SECURING BALES OF COTTON AND OTHER MATERIAL, AND IN WRAPPERS THEREFOR,"
a communication to me from abroad by Theodore Kleinknecht, a person
resident at Khangaum, in the Berars, Central India, upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said John Irving Campbell, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after, the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Irving Campbell, do hereby
declare the nature of iny said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
The Invention consists of a wrapper of jute, hemp, or other textile
matter made into two or more pieces specially for securing bales of
cotton, jute, and other fibrous material, either in a raw or manufactured
state, and is intended to supersede the separate rope lashings or iron
bands. The wrapper is formed of material approaching in appearance
the coarse bagging in general use for covering baled goods, but has small
cords, ropes, wire, or other material suitable for binding purposes woven
into the wrapper in bands of sufficient strength to secure a bale; or the
material may be equally distributed over. the whole surface of the
wrapper in proportion to the strain it has to resist.
Half the wrapper
will be placed at the upper end of the press, and the other half at the
lower end, as is now. done with the gunny bagging used for covering
"

page_text: bales, and the cotton or other fibrous material having been pressed the
edges of the new wrapper would be fastened together on each side by a
spear or mesh, hooks, toggles, clips, lacing, or other method.
This wrapper can be produced at a cost not exceeding that of the
lashings and bands, including the bagging in use at present, and is far
more compact in that it is both the covering and securing medium, and
its strength can without the slightest inconvenience be increased to
hold the most expansive material to given dimensions, or made as light
as may be required.
"
Having thus stated the nature of the Invention, I will proceed to
describe more fully the manner in which I prefer to carry the same
into effect.
.'
For weaving wrappers with strengthening bands of wire or cord, or
suitable binding material woven into them, as above described, the wire
or strengthening or binding material may form part of the weft of the
fabric, as shewn in Diagram Figure 1, and in this case a selvage of wire
or strengthening material may be formed at the sides of the fabric, as
is there shewn, spaces being left in the warp close up to each selvage,
so that when the selvages of the upper and lower parts of a wrapper are
brought together they may be connected firmly one to the other by
spears or strips of metal or other material being passed through the
wires or cords of the strengthening bands of the fabric, as is shewn at
Figure 2, or they might be connected together by hooks, or by clips, or
lacing, or by other suitable means.
As before stated, the wire or binding material might be distributed
over the whole surface of the wrapper; in this case also 1 prefer to leave
spaces in the warps close up to the selvages, so that the two parts of the
wrapper may readily be connected together by a spear or mesh, or
otherwise. By this arrangement, when the two parts of a wrapper
have been laced together over a bale and the press is released, the
fastenings which hold the two parts of the wrapper together will press
against the selvage as the bale expands, so that these selvages must
be, made of sufficient breadth and strength of material to resist the strain
put upon them.
In place of forming the fabric of which the wrappers are composed
with spaces in the warp close up to the selvage, as above described. the

page_text: selvages or edges of the fabric might be formed in other convenient
manner to facilitate the fastening together of the two parts of a wrapper.
In place of introducing the strengthening or binding wires or cords into
the weft, as above described, they might be introduced into the warp.
In this case when the fabric has been cut up into lengths, each suitable
for forming half a wrapper, a selvage may be produced at these cut
edges by turning over these ends of each of the pieces of the wrapper,
and by putting between the turned-up ends a wadding; or the selvage
might be otherwise formed.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Irving Campbell, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of February,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
nine.
JOHN IRVING CAMPBELL. (L.S.)