IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHAINS, BATTERIES, AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING ELECTRIC CURRENTS, ALSO IN MEANS OF APPLYING THE SAME FOR MEDICAL AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Isac Louis Pulvermacher, of Regent Street, in
the County of Middlesex, Electrical Engineer, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHAINS, BATTERIES, AND
APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING ELECTRIC CURRENTS, ALSO IN MEANS OF APPLYING
THE SAME FOR MEDICAL AND OTHER PURPOSES."
Sealed the 1st January 1870, and dated the 8th July 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Isac Louis Pulvermacher
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 8th July 1869.
I, ISAC LOUIS PULVERMACHER, of Regent Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Electrical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHAINS, BATTERIES,
AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING ELECTRIC CURRENTS, ALSO IN MEANS OF APPLYING
THE SAME FOR MEDICAL AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The objects of my Invention are to construct plates of copper and
zinc or platinum and zinc in such a manner that they shall be held
and kept in position by means of ribbons, cords, or rods, and thus

page_text: establish a voltaic chain or pile of great power in a small compass, and
so arranged that the zinc plates when worn out can be replaced by
new ones with facility, also in the employment of insoluble salts, such as
bi-sulphate of mercury or chloride of silver, and in apparatus for pro-
ducing intermittent electric currents.
The first part of my Invention consists in forming elements and in
combining the same into a voltaic chain or pile, by making the copper
plate with notches or recesses in its sides and ends, and in forming the
zinc plates with corresponding projections to fit therein without touching
the copper plate; the projections on the ends of both plates are bent
over to grip and hold a ribbon or tape between them, and to obtain
thereby a mutual fixation without any metallic contact between the
negative and positive metal. By attaching a number of these elements
together to the same ribbon a voltaic chain or pile of any length. may be
made. I solder one end of a wire shaped like a hair pin to the zinc
plate at one corner, and carry it to and bend over the opposite end
between two elements and then down to the corner of the copper plate
of the next element and solder it thereto. In some cases these plates
may be made of a conical shape, and I arrange them upon tapes or
ribbons to form a fan shape, a concentric, or a helical battery. Sometimes
I cut the plates in such a manner that two projections are formed at one
end only; in this case I turn each projections over upon itself, and form
an eye by which they may be strung upon an insulated cord, wire, or
stem; the free end of the plate may or may not be bent over to hold
its neighbour. I also in some cases force gutta percha through
perforations or holes in one or both of the plates of each element to form
pins or studs to keep them apart.
Another part of my Invention consists in threading plates of various
shapes forming the elements upon cords or rods, the copper plates in
some cases have their sides or borders turned at right angles, and the
two plates of two adjoining elements are kept apart by a washer or
insulating thread of such a thickness that only a small space is left
between the zinc and copper plates, and thus a film of exciting fluid is
held between them to form a source or means of exciting a current.
And in order to form a voltaic pile I make on the copper plate projections
which when the elements are threaded upon the cords or rods keep the
elements apart by resting against the zinc plate of the adjoining element,
and thus when wetted no exciting fluid will remain in the spaces created

page_text: between the one element and the other. I also in some cases form a
channel or groove in one of the plates for a tube to pass through from
one side or end to the other, the tube being the means of conveying the
exciting fluid to the various elements; numerous slits are made in the
tube for the passage of the liquid.
о
The next part of my Invention consists in making circular batteries
from very thin sheets of metal. The elements are formed of washers or
flat rings of different diameters. Each washer of the battery is of the
same superficial active surface. I place a fabric between the two plates
forming each element and make the battery up to any given size by
sewing or otherwise attaching a number of these elements on to a
waterproof material. I establish contact between the different clements
by the outer washer, say zinc, resting upon the copper of the next element
and so on to the central washer which would be of copper. In some
cases the washers are perforated to facilitate the exciting liquid passing
into and between the elements with freedom.
Another part of my Invention consists in employing negative plates
of openworked form, as described in the Specification of my Patent
No. 2740, dated the 5 September 1868, so as to form constant elements
by means of insoluble metallic salts capable of electrolysis and of de-
polarizing action of the negative part of the element, such as sulphate of
lead, bisulphate of mercury, or chloride of silver. I use a frame of wire
with a fabric stretched on and fixed to it, which is placed upon one side
of the negative plate and forms a back to the plate, thus leaving a series
of spaces or receptacles on the whole surface of the plate in which the
paste of the insoluble salts is spread and retained. When using the
bi-sulphate of mercury I make these plates of platinum chemically
covered with black platinum for preventing amalgamation, and when
using chloride of silver I make them of silver. A series of these plates
may be strung upon a cord or rod, or cords or rods, so as to form a
voltaic battery. In some cases I make the elements of openwood
plates in the form of cylinders, or of wire formed into cylinders. Into the
inner cylinder of negative metal I put a plug or core of one or other of
the insoluble salts before described, but which is enveloped with a porous
material. I prevent metallic contact between the negative and positive
metals by thread wound spirally upon the wire cylinder or by thread
being laced through holes in the cylinder if made of plates in a similar
manner described in my previous Patent. The openings between the

page_text: wires or those formed in the cylindrical plate serve for the fluid to pass
through, damp the salt, and excite the element. When the core of the
salt has lost its properties it can be pushed out and a fresh one inserted.
The last part of my Invention relating to the construction consists
of a pocket induction apparatus. I propose to place a number of
elements to form a voltaic pile within one half of the apparatus, a pole
from each of the outer clements of the pile is carried up through a cover
or end piece of insulating material, such as hardened india-rubber, to
which is connected a flexible waterproof bag for holding the exciting
fluid, which is introduced by a small tube passing through the cover, the
tube being provided with a tap to shut off and thus retain the fluid
within the bag. The bag is protected from injury in the pocket by an
outer covering or case of metal. The bag is compressed to cause the
liquid to flow up into and between the plates of the pile in order to
saturate the same, after which it recovers itself. The other half of the
apparatus is composed of a base plate attached to a cylinder, both of
insulating material, this cylinder contains an induction coil formed of
insulated wire wound spirally in layers, and over which a slotted bobbin
is placed having fine metal wire or thread wound upon it. Towards the
other end of the insulating cylinder and inside it is a washer or divider
which supports a spring pulley with a conducting cord wound round upon
it, having one end secured thereto and the other end secured to the metal
cover in a conductable manner, the cover serving as a means of applying
the electricity to the part of the body to be operated upon, and repre-
senting one pole of the secondary circle, while the metal cover of the
lower half containing the 'battery represents the other pole. This pulley
runs upon a moderator tube which passes over a magnet of soft iron
fitted in the centre of the cylinder. The upper end of the tube is
provided with a knob to facilitate its being drawn in and out by the
hand. The lower end of the magnet is flattened on its side. An
armature centred at one end is kept in position by a spring attached to
its free end with an amount of play. An oval block is employed com-
posed of top and bottom plates supporting a number of platinum pins
or wires between them, the spaces between the pins or wires being filled
with an insulating material. This block is kept in position by being
pivotted in a bridge and a rod which passes outside of the insulating
base plate. The upper end of the rod carries a button by which the
block can be turned at the will of the operator, so as to bring the
up

page_text: platinum pins in connection with the flat spring with more or less..
pressure, in order to produce a more or less rapid automatic vibration of
the armature. When the oval block is turned round in the reverse
direction the pins are brought into contact with a second flat spring
having a projecting end and mounted upon the opposite end of the same
metal plate as the other spring, and thus as often as one of the platinum
wires of the block passes the projecting end of the spring the current
is established and broken by intermittent contacts voluntary to the
operator. The bridge and the plate are brought in connection with the
primary circle including the battery. Thus the functions will take
place in the usual well known manner. The induction coil may be
employed in connection with any other battery, or the battery as last
described may be employed. for other purpose and independent of an
induction coil.
My means of applying electric currents for medical purposes consists
in forming a bathi made of a shape to suit any part of the body. I prefer.
to make the body of the bath of a metal which is subject to little or no
oxydation or of insulating material, such as porcelain, furnished with
conducting handles fastened in an insulated manner. To the bottom of
the batli, and underneath, I attach a battery in an analagous manner to
that described in connection with the induction coil. One pole of the
battery is in connection with a metallic part of the handles, and the
other pole with the metallic part of the bath. When the battery is.
excited the current travels into and through the water in the bath and
from thence into the part of the body immersed or bathed therein and
then on to the handle, thus completing the circle with the other pole of..
the battery.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters. Patent,
filed by the said Isac Louis Pulvermacher in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 8th January 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ISAC
LOUIS PULVERMACHER; of Regent Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Electrical Engineer, send greeting...
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent,. bearing date the Eighth day of July, in the year of

page_text: our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Isac Louis Pulvermacher, Her special
licence that I, the said Isac Louis Pulvermacher, my executors, ad-
ministrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Isac Louis
Pulvermacher, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHAINS, BATTERIES, AND APPARATUS
FOR PRODUCING ELECTRIC CURRENTS, ALSO IN MEANS OF APPLYING THE SAME FOR
MEDICAL AND OTHER PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Isac Louis Pulvermacher, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Isac Louis Pulvermacher, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed, that is to say :-
The objects of my Invention are to construct plates of copper and
zinc or platinum and zinc in such a manner that they shall be held
and kept in position by means of ribbons, cords, or rods, and thus
establish a voltaic chain or pile of great power in a small compass, and
so arranged that the zinc plates when worn out can be replaced by
new ones with facility, also in the employment of insoluble salts, such
as bi-sulphate of mercury or chloride of silver, and in apparatus for
producing intermittent electric currents.
The first part of my Invention is represented in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4
of the accompanying Drawings, and consists in forming elements, and
in combining the same into a voltaic chain or pile by making the
copper plate A with notches or recesses, a, a, b, b, in its sides and ends,

page_text: and in forming the zinc plates B with corresponding projections c, c, d, d,
to fit therein without touching the copper plate, the projections on
the ends of both of the plates are bent over. to grip and hold a ribbon
or tape e between them, as clearly shewn in Figures 3 and 4 to obtain
thereby a mutual fixation without metallic contact between the negative
and positive metal. By attaching a number of these elements together
to the same ribbon a voltaic chain or pile of any length may be made.
I solder one end of a wire f shaped like a hair. pin to the zinc plate at
one corner g, and carry to and bend it over the opposite end between two.
clements, and then down to the corner h of the copper plate of the
next element and solder it thereto.. In some cases these plates may
Be made of a conical shape, and I arrange them upon tapes or ribbons e,.e
to form a fan shape, a concentric, or a helical battery, the-narrow ends
being towards the centre as represented in Figure 5. Sometimes I cut..
the plates in such a manner that two projections are formed at one end.
only as. represented in Figure 6; in this case I turn each projection
over upon itself, and form an eyej by which they may be strung upon.
an insulated cord, wire, or stem ; the free end of the plate may or
may not be bent over to hold its neighbour. In some cases I force gutta
percha through perforations or holes in one or both of the plates of each
clemont to form pins or studs to keep them apart.
Another part of my Invention consists in threading plates of various
shapes forming the elements. upon cords as shewn in Figure 7, or upon
rods as shown in Figure 8. The upper copper plates in some cases have
their sides or borders m, m, turned at right angles, the zinc plates being
flat and not turned at all. The two plates of two adjoining elements
are kept apart by a washer n or insulating threads of such a thickness
that only a small space is left between the zinc and copper plates. to
hold a film of exciting liquid between them to form a source or means
of exciting a current, and in order to form a voltaic pile I make on the
copper plate projections. or spikes p, tapered or not, which when the
elements are threaded upon the cords or rods keep the elements apart
by resting against the zinc.plates of the adjoining element, and hold
them a sufficient distance apart so that no exciting liquid will remain.
in the spaces between one element and the other. The projections or
spikes p may be composed of portions of the plates slit and turned
up from the central part as in Figures 7 and 9; or they may be formed
from slit portions of the edges as in Figure 10.

page_text: Figure 11 shows another mode of cutting or preparing the plates
for passing over two rods or stems. The copper plate is formed with two
holes a, a, and a recess at one edge, this recess is formed by slitting
the plate across its face and bending the slit portion over to form legs
or projections to act as distancing pieces to the series. The opposite
edge of the plate may be turned up if desirable, the zinc plate being
left plain as shewn at Figure 12. I make two slots or recesses d, d, in
the sides so that each plate can be slipped in and removed easily
without disturbing the copper plates. In some cases I string the plates
upon one cord i as represented in Figure 13. I also in some cases
form a channel or grove in one of the plates, as indicated in Figure 10,
for a tube of flexible material to pass through from one side to the
other, the tube being the means of conveying the liquid to the various
elements. Slits are made in the tube for the passage of the liquid upon
pressure being applied to some part. of it. The tube is preferably
carried through the channels in a zig-zag manner as shewn in Figure 14.
The next part of my Invention consists in making circular batteries
from very thin sheets of metal as represented in Figures 15 and 16.
The elements are formed of washers or rings e, e, of different diameters,
but each of them is of the same superficial active surface. I place a
fabric between the two plates forming each element and make the
battery up to any given size by sewing, as represented by the dots
at ff. I attach a number of these elements on to a waterproof material
and establish contact between the different elements of the outer
washer, say zinc, resting upon the copper of the next element, and so on
to the central washer which would be of copper. The washers or rings
may be sunken towards the centre, so that each of them is of concave form.
In this manner one rests upon the other, a fabric being laid between
to insulate the layers and to form a means of attachment by sewing
or otherwise. In some cases the washers are perforated to facilitate the
exciting liquid passing into and between the clements with freedom.
Another part of my Invention consists in employing negative plates
of openworked form as described in the Specification of my Patent
No. 2740, dated Fifth September One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-eight, so as to form constant elements by means of insoluble
metallic salts capable of electrolysis and of depolarising action on
the negative part of the element, such as sulphate of lead, bi-sulphate
of mercury or chloride of silver, I use a frame of wire with a fabrio

page_text: stretched on and fixed to it, which is placed upon one side of the
negative plate and forms a back to the plate, thus leaving a series of
spaces or receptacles on the whole surface of the plate in which the
paste of the insoluble salts is spread and retained. When using the
bi-sulphate of mercury I make these plates, of platinum chemically
covered with platin black for preventing amalgamation, and when using
chloride of silver I make them of silver. A series of these plates may
be strung upon a cord or rod, or cords or rods, so as to form a voltaic
battery. A detached view of one plate in Figure 17 is shewn with a
film of metallic salt spread upon it, the edges of the plate being turned
up to retain it in place. In some cases I make the elements of open-
worked plates in the form of cylinders or of wire formed into cylinders,
into the inner cylinder of negative metal I put a plug or core of one or
other of the insoluble salts before described, but which is enveloped with
a porous material. I prevent metallic contact between the negative and
positive metals by thread wound spirally upon the wire cylinder, or by
thread being laced through holes in the cylinder if made of plates, in a
similar manner to that described in my previous Patents. The openings
between the wires or those formed in the cylindrical plate serve for
the fluid to pass through, damp the salt, and excite the element. When
the core of salt has lost its properties it can be pushed out and a fresh
one inserted. In Figure 18 I have shewn a number of openworked
cylinders r, r, with the central cores 8, 8, composed of sticks of one or
other of the metallic salts above described; Figure 19 shews one of the
openworked plates in an unrolled state with a thread laced through
the holes at the top and bottom to form a means of insulating the outer
metal from the inner core, while Figure 20 shews a plate composed of
wirework wound upon two uprights or 'stems. This plate may be
shaped into a cylinder, the insulating medium being formed of thread
wound spirally upon the wire.
My further improvements principally relate to different means of
uniting the elements or links in order to constitute from them voltaic
chains in order to obtain what will be seen further on, 1st, more
solidity; 2ndly, better insulation; 3rdly, the ready insulation without
care of research between the zinc and the copper without sewing; 4thly,
readiness to replace the zinc in the elements by an arrangement the
description of which I have formerly given; 5thly, the great simplicity
of manufacture.

page_text: I have shewn in the Figures hereafter referred to several modes of
uniting the elements of which the copper is similar to that described.
It is formed of openworked plaes a, Figure 21, the edges of which arc
rolled or bent round at Figure 21, in order to constitute the articu-
lations of the chains as seen. I do away upon this plate with the
insulating threads, the object of which was to prevent the metallic
contact of the zinc which would occupy the interior of each element.
My plate being thus obtained, I roll it so as to cause it to touch the two
rolled edges b, as shewn in elevation and plan at Figures 22 and 23,
the edges bare intended to receive the two rods c, c¹, forming a con-
tinuous thread of metal, the extremities of which are then hent at right
angles as at c, in order to articulate upon the rod, Figure 23, which
occupies the centre of the rolled plate a of each element. For this
purpose the two extremities of the rod d are provided with a collar or
groove e which is lodged in the nipped ring of the bent connecting
rod c. The rod d has been previously surrounded in spirals by a roc
of zinc wire previously covered with a cotton thread turned in spirals
intended to prevent afterwards the metallic contact of the wire f with
the rolled plate a. The readiness with which the rod & may be with-
drawn when the zinc is worn out in order to replace it will be readily
understood, a facility which becomes greater still if instead of bending
the extremities c¹ square or at right angles they are caused to take
curves like those shewn in Figures 24 and 25, so as to offer to the rods d
an easy displacement or unhooking by reason of the length of these
rods. This arrangement has the double advantage of permitting to
lodge between the rods c" an india-rubber tube pierced with holes for
the injection of the exciting liquid into all the elements of the chain in
the manner hereafter described; Figures 26 and 20 shew another
disposition of chain, the elements of which are united at one of the two
extremities only, the other extremity being free and independent. The
rolled plates a are similar to those before referred to, the central rods d
are longer and project above the ends of the cylinders as shewn in
Figure 23. Each rod d carries two bent rods g, g', the vertical ends of
which are so to speak inserted in the rolled edges of the plates a and
articulate with the other end in the groove e made in the rod d. The
ends of the bent rods g, g', being somewhat turned away one from the
other to maintain the parallelism of the elements between themselves.
in spite of the freedom of one of their extremities to permit the with-
drawal of the zinc only to replace it without breaking up the chain.

page_text: Figure 27 shews another disposition. The rolled copper plates a remain
the same, the bent ends of one rod h, h', enter into the rolled edges
after a certain number of coils i have been formed on them. The coils i
are formed upon one rod k covered towards its lower part with a stopper
or pierced plug j of insulating material fixed firmly in the rolled plate a.
The solid rod d, Figure 23, may be replaced by a hollow rod provided
with zinc, it is introduced at the free end of each clement, and it is
caused to take upon on the rod k.
Figure 28 is an arrangement of chain, the only variation of which
from Figure 27 consists in the suppression of the bent rod h and its
replacement by a metal plate l, rolled as shewn in detail in Figure 29
in order to receive the rod k in the part m, and in those n, n', a ród o
folded like a double hair pin, the branches of which are lodged in the
rolled edges b of the plates a. I can arrange so that the rods o are
prolonged upwards as shewn at o', in order to allow passage to the
india-rubber tube p intended to inject the exciting fluid into the chain,
at the same time rendering it solid with the latter. A very convenient
way of supplying the exciting liquid to my chains is represented in
sectional view in Figure 30 and in plan in Figure 31. I take a circular
box or vessel a of an insulating material and mount it upon a tray b, so
that it may be turned freely upon its stem c, the outside of the vessel a
is provided with a strap or length of waterproof fabric d which has one
end loose so that it may occupy the space between each turn of the
chain as it is wound spirally upon the vessel, the thickness of the strap
d being such that each layer or winding of the chain is kept apart when
rolled on. I secure the loose ends of the strap and chain by a hook or
other contrivance to hold it firmly thercon. I then take the flexible
tubo e which is in connection with the reservoir f, and lay it in the
forks of the chain wires, the slits in the tube being arranged to come
directly over the centre of each element or link, and I cause the liquid to
run into the tube g by pressure of the spring plate acting upon the
surface of the liquid in the box or vessel a. The inside of the vessel
may be furnished with a flexible bag i for holding the liquid, or the
vessel itself may form the reservoir; in this case I prefer to use a cup-
shaped plunger to act upon the liquid. When the top plate of the bag
or the plunger has been forced to the bottom of the reservoir I draw it
up again by turning the key or thumb screw j, so that the pinion k acts
upon the teeth of the central rod g and lifts it and the plunger. The

page_text: reservoir can be kept charged and the plunger retained in any position
by fitting a pin in the key, spindle, or other part of the mechanism. The
liquid is admitted to the reservoir by passing through the valve in the
plate which opens downwards. The elements or links of the chain
receiving thus the exciting liquid will continue to act so long as the
automatic supply from the reservoir lasts, and the consumed liquid will
drop down and accumulate in the bottom of the tray. The current will
remain constant as long as the supply of the exciting liquid remains
uniform. Each pole of these chain batteries is to be connected to the
conducting wires by which the electricity is to be conveyed to the place
where it has to be applied.
The last part of my Invention relating to the construction consists of
a pocket induction apparatus as represented in Figure 32, in section, and
in elevation in Figure 33. I place a number of elements a of the
openworked plates before referred to in Figures 11 and 12, to form a
voltaic pile within one half of the apparatus ; a pole c, d, from each
of the outer elements of the pile is carried up through a cover or end
piece e of insulating material, such as hardened, india-rubber to which is
connected a flexible waterproof bag f for holding the exciting fluid, which
is introduced by a small tube g passing through the cover, the tube being
provided with a tap to shut off, and thus retain the fluid within the bag.
The bag is protected from injury in the pocket by an outer covering or
case of metal . The bag must be compressed to cause the liquid to
flow up into and between the plates of the pile in order to excite or
charge the same, after which it recovers itself. The other half of the
apparatus is composed of a base plate / attached to a cylinder, both of
insulating material, this cylinder contains an induction coil i formed of
insulated wire wound spirally in layers, and over which a slotted bobbin j
is placed having fine metal wire or thread wound upon it. Towards the
other end of the insulating cylinder and inside it is a washer or divider k
which supports a spring pulley with a flexible conducting cord / wound
upon it, having one end secured thereto and the other end secured to the
metal cover in a conductable manner, the cover serving as a means of
applying the electricity to the part of the body to be operated upon and
representing one pole of the secondary circle, while the metal cover of the
lower half containing the battery represents the other pole. This pulley
runs upon a moderator tube m which passes over a magnet of soft iron n
fitted in the centre of the cylinder. The upper end of the tube m is.

page_text: provided with a knob or button o to facilitate its being drawn in and out
by the hand. The lower end of the magnet is flattened on its side at p.
An armature q, Figure 34, centred at one end is kept in position by a
spring attached to its free end with an amount of play. An oval
block & is employed, composed of top and bottom plates supporting a
number of platinum pins or wires between them, the spaces between
the pins or wires being filled up with an insulating material. The block
is kept in position by being pivotted in a bridge t, and a rod or spindle
which passes outside the insulating base plate. The upper end of the
rod carries a button by which the block can be turned at the will of the
operator so as to bring the platinum pins in connection with the flat
spring with more or less pressure, in order to produce a more or less
rapid automatic vibration of the armature. When the oval block is
turned round in the reverse direction the pins are brought into contact
with a second flat spring having a projecting end, and mounted upon
the opposite end of the same metal plate as the other spring, and thus
as often as one of the platinum wires of the block passes the projecting
end of the spring the current is established and broken by intermittent
contacts voluntary to the operator. The bridge and the plate are
brought in connection with the primary circle including the battery.
Thus the functions will take place in the usual well known manner.
The induction coil may be employed in connection with any other battery,
or the battery as last described may be employed for other purposes
and independent of an induction coil.
I have shewn in face and side views in Figures 35 and 36 a modifica-
tion of my pocket induction apparatus, reserving to myself to execute it
and employ it either as I have previously mentioned or as I proceed to
describe. I preserve the plate t which bears to the centre and above
the bobbin already described, and at the interior of the interrupter the
button 6 of which is within the reach of the operator holding the
cylinder in his hand as a handle so as to be able to easily turn the
button 6 at the moment of the employment of the apparatus. The
metallic cylinder v serving as an envelope or covering to the bobbin is
slit throughout all its length. It screws upon the part at the base of
the latter. The lower part of the cylinder is provided with insulating
matter for the screwing; it is pierced at its upper extremity at in
order to more or less withdraw the moderator which governs the force of
the induction current. The plate t serves as a cover to a trough u

page_text: charged with sulphate of mercury, and provided with a plate of charcoal
and one of zinc put in connection with the primary conducting wire of
the bobbin and interrupter by the effect of little conducting plates 1, 2.
The trough u has at its base two dovetailed projections x which receive
by sliding a moveable metallic plate y covered on the outside with a
chamois leather z, which is damped in order to apply it to the part of
the body it is desired to electrify. The plate y being movable can be
replaced by others provided with metallic brushes according to the
effects to be produced. The trough " is casy of removal so that another
can be placed in its stead, which is capable of being suspended upon axes
attached to the plate t in order to preserve its upright or vertical
position by its own weight, and to prevent the liquid from being spilled
through the movements of the apparatus by the operator whatever
position it may be brought into. In all cases the secondary thread of
the bobbin ought to be put in contact the one end with the plate y and
the other with the cylinder vor conducting cover. By this arrangement
one can while employing the apparatus in the state represented in the
plan electrify oneself by taking the cylinder v, v, into the hand and
acting upon the interrupter by means of the button 6, after having
always caused the chamois leather z or the brush to rest upon the part
of the body to be electrified. In some cases I employ an induction coil
with one wire which is set in connection with the battery, the inter-
rupter, the bottom plate, and the conducting cover in the usual
manner.
То
My means of applying electric currents for medical purposes consists
in forming a bath made of a shape to suit any part of the body. I
prefer to make the body of the bath of a metal which is subject to
little or no oxydation, or of insulating material, such as porcelain,
furnished with conducting handles fastened in an insulated manner.
the bottom of the bath and underneath I attach a battery in an
analagous manner to that described in connection with a metallic part
of the handles, and the other pole with the metallic part of the bath.
When the battery is excited the current travels into and through the
water in the bath, and from thence into the part of the body immersed
or bathed therein and then on to the handles, thus completing the circle
with the other pole of the battery.
0
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and

page_text: in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I
claim,-
Firstly. The construction and employment of plates with notches
and projections to form elements in the manner herein-before
described.
Secondly. The making up of elements as first hercin-before described
by bending the projections over to confine ribbons or tapes within them
for composing a chain, substantially as described and shewn in Figures 1
to 4 in the Drawings annexed.
Thirdly. The construction of fan-shaped batteries of the plates or
elements, as herein-before described and shewn in Figure 5 of the
Drawings.
Fourthly. The construction of plates to form elements for stringing
upon cords, wires, or stems, substantially as herein-before described and
represented in Figures 6 to 13 of the Drawings.
Fifthly. The formation and employment of plates composing elements
with turned up edges or sides to act as distancing conducting pieces, as
described and shewn in Figures 7 to 14 of the Drawings.
Sixthly. Forming distancing conducting pins or spikes from the plates
themselves in the manner and for the purposes described and shewn in
Figures 7 to 13 of the Drawings annexed.
Seventhly. Forming channels or grooves in the electro-motive plates
for a tube containing the exciting liquid to pass through, in the manner
described and shewn in Figures 10 and 14 of the Drawings.
Eighthly. The construction of circular voltaic arrangements of the
elements having the form of rings or washers, in the manner and for
the purposes described and shewn in Figures 15 and 16 of the
Drawings.
Ninthly. The methods of combining openworked chain batteries,
substantially in the manner before described and shewn in Figures 21
to 29 of the Drawings.
Tenthly. The construction and employment of central cores or rods of
metallic wire formed into spirals, in the manner described.
Eleventhly. The construction and employment of thread covered
spiral cores, in the manner and for the purpose described and shewn in
Figure 23 of the Drawings.

page_text: Twelfthly. The construction and employment of end pieces bent into
shape to form mechanical and conducting voltaic connections between
the elements, substantially as herein-before described and shown in the
several Figures.
Thirteenthly. The employment of metallic salts, as before described
in plates or cores in a way adherent to the metallic surfaces.
Fourteenthly. The construction of medico-electric self-applicable
induction pocket apparatus, in which the induction coil is fastened in
the battery and used as a handle, and the base of the apparatus is used
as a carrier of changeable conducting surfaces, so that self-application of
the current to the body is easily realised.
Fifteenthly. The commutating interruptor converting at will the
induced electric current, firstly, into slow intermittances, secondly, into
automatic rapid interruptions, and thirdly, into an open state of the
clectric circle.
Sixteenthly. The employment of spring pullies attached to the
apparatus for the automatic coiling or winding of the flexible conducting
wire, substantially in the manner described and shewn in Figure 32 of
the Drawings annexed.
Seventeenthly. The construction and employment of baths for local
and general application in such a manner that the conducting handles of
the battery are fixtures to the bath, in the manner herein-before
described.
In witness whercof, I, the said Isac Louis Pulvermacher, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Eighth day of January One
thousand eight hundred and seventy.
I. L. PULVERMACHER. (L.S.)