IMPROVEMENTS IN PENCIL CASES
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John George Taylor, Merchant, Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PENCIL CASES."
Sealed the 15th May 1857, and dated tho 29th November 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by tho said John George Taylor at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th November 1856.
I, JOHN GEORGE TAYLER, Merchant, Glasgow, do hereby declare the naturo
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PENCIL CASES," to be as follows:-
The employment of grooved, screwed, and studded cylinders, as shewn in
Drawings, by which I combine two propelling and withdrawing actions,
namely, the propelling or withdrawing the lead through the point of the case,
and the propelling or withdrawing the point of the case into or out of the
outer case.
Fig. 1 is point of case with grooved cylinder attached; Fig. 2 is the
propeller, which fits into the grooved cylinder of No. 1. The part B is open
tubing, into which the lead is fitted. A is a stud which works in the screwed
interior of Fig. 3. By this arrangement the lead traverses backwards or
forwards.
Fig. 3 is a half section of a screwed cylinder, which fits into Fig. 4, and
has a stud, as at C, round which the slotted cylinder, Fig. 4, rotates.
Fig. 4 is a slotted cylinder fixed at D, in which Fig. 3 rotates.

page_text: Fig. 5 is a loose grooved cylinder, by the action of which the point of the
case is withdrawn into or propelled from the outer case.
Fig. 5 shews the outside of a gold pencil case with the point propelled.
In making these pencils I use gold, silver, aluminium, and all other known
metals or mixtures thereof; and also make the outer cases of wood, ivory,
bone, tortoiseshell, and other hard or hardened animal and vegetable
substances.
My next improvement consists in making a pencil as shewn in Figure
No. 6. The internal arrangement consists of a grooved cylinder with a tube
for the lead, into which tube is screwed or rivetted a stud. Over the said
cylinder is wrapped or twisted a piece of metal forming an endless screw.
The stud of the propeller is passed through this metal, and thereby gives
a backward or forward motion to the lead.
I make this pencil in all known metals, and also in wood, bone, ivory, and
other materials, combining also ivory, &c. and metal in the same pencil case,
making the cylinder of ivory, &c., the outer part of metal, or vice versa;
also enamelling the cylinder, the outside being gold or other material.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John George Taylor in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
19th May 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
GEORGE TAYLOR, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, Merchant, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John George Taylor, Her special licence that I, the said John
George Taylor, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said John George Taylor, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PENCIL CASES," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said John George Taylor, my executors or administrators, by an

page_text: instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John George Taylor, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The employment of grooved, screwed, and studded cylinders, as shewn in
Drawings, by which I combine two propelling and withdrawing actions,
namely, the propelling or withdrawing the lead through the point of the case
into or out of the outer case.
Figuro 1 is point of case with grooved cylinder attached; Figure 2 is the
propeller which fits into the grooved cylinder of No. 1. The part B is open
tubing, into which the lead is fitted. A is a stud which works in the screwed
interior of Figure 3. By this arrangement the lead traverses backwards and
forwards.
Figure 3 is a half section of a screwed cylinder, which fits into Figure 4,
and has a stud, as at C, round which the slotted cylinder, Figure 4, rotates.
Figure 4 is a slotted cylinder fixed at D, in which Figure 3 rotates.
Figure 5 is a loose grooved cylinder, by the action of which the point of the
case is withdrawn into or propelled from the outer case.
Figure 5 shows the outside of a gold pencil case with the point propelled.
In making these pencils I use gold, silver, aluminium, and all other known
metals or mixtures thereof, and also make the outer cases of enamel, wood,
ivory, bone, tortoiseshell, caoutchouc, and other hard or hardened animal and
vegetable substances. I also make a reserve of leads at the top, and claim
the combination of the two movements, as described, with or without reserve
for leads.
My next improvement consists in making a pencil as shewn in Figure
No. 6. The internal arrangement consists of a grooved cylinder with a tube
for the lead, into which tube is fastened a rivet or stud. Over the said
cylinder is wrapped or twisted a piece of metal or other material forming an
endless screw. The stud of the propeller is passed through this screw, and
thereby gives a backward or forward motion to the lead. Or, instead of using
a single piece of metal or other material, I take two pieces of round or half
round wire and bend them round the cylinder at right angles, so that
sufficient space only is left for the stud to rotate. This cylinder can be

page_text: formed of wood, caoutchouc, or any similar substance where the object is to
make a light pencil.
I make this pencil in all known metals or combinations of metals; also in
wood, bone, ivory, caoutchouc, and other suitable materials, or combined with
metals and such materials. The cylinder enamelled or made of stained ivory
has a good effect in small cases for ladies; or an outside case of metal or
wood, &c. may be put over the screw or wire, and the working of the move-
ment quite concealed.
I claim the application of these forms of endless screws to propel and
take back leads, as described.
Figure 7 represents a rotary slide or fastening for the propeller of pencils
with outside screws. The tube. M can be made of metal or ivory, caout-
chouc, &c., with a screw or thread inside either raised or sunk. The opening
at N is made to allow the stud or tube to rotate freely in, yet it is closely
fitted to prevent the backward motion hitherto existing in all pencils of this
form. The parts at L, L, enable the lead to be propelled and withdrawn at
pleasure.
In witness whereof, I, the said John George Taylor, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
JOHN GEORGE TAYLER. (L.B.)