Improvements in Type-writing Machines.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Dec., 1899-Accepted, 3rd Mar., 1900
Improvements in Type-writing Machines.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of the Firm of A. M. & Wm. Clark, of 53, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Patent Agents,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention (a communication to me by The
Wagner Type Writer Company (Incorporated), of 220, Broadway, in the City,
County and State of New York, United States of America) and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
This invention relates to type-writing machines and it has for its object to
provide a machine of the character described wherein the parts co-operate and
contribute to the production of an efficient "front strike" machine though
obviously the various features of the invention may be employed in machines of
different type. To these ends the invention consists in the novel construction
and arrangement of parts and in the features hereinafter described and claimed.
Reference is made herein to the accompanying drawings showing one form or
embodiment of the invention and wherein-
Figure 1 is a front elevation of the machine;
Figure 2 is a detail fragmentary side view of the case shifting key;
Figure 3 is a like view of the lock arrangement for the case shifting mechanism;
Figure 4 is a detail face view of the strip or bar for holding the type bar carriers
in their seat;
Figure 5 is a rear elevation of the machine;
Figure 6 is a plan view of the machine with parts removed for the purpose
of clearer illustration;
Figure 7 is a side elevation of the machine;
Figure 8 is a fragmentary detail side view of a type bar and carrier at rest
together with some of its cooperating mechanism:
Figure 9 is a detail side view of a type bar and carrier together with some
of its cooperating mechanism, the type bar being shown in the printing position;
Figure 10 is a transverse sectional view of the strip or retainer for holding the
type bar carriers to their seat;
Figure 11 is a fragmentary detail side view of a ribbon feed or spool driver;
Figure 12 is a like view of the same, showing the locking spring for the shift
of the spool driving mechanism;
Figure 13 is a central transverse sectional view of the machine;
Figure 14 is an enlarged detail fragmentary side view of a type carrier and
some of the parts which cooperate therewith;
Figure 15 is a top view of the same.
The machine is shown with a platen or paper roller 1 whose axle or bearing 2
is supported by the side plates 3 united by rods 4 shown with a front wheel 5
(Fig. 1) adapted to run on track or rail 6 and rear wheels 7 (Fig. 5) adapted to
run on track 8. A spring or feed drum 9 (Fig. 5) tends to move the carriage,
the latter being held or freed for the step by step travel by rack 10 engaged by
a fred dog (or other suitable equivalents thereof) preferably having the teeth 11

page_text: (Fig. 7) of which one is yielding or spring-pressed while the other tooth is rigid
as known. The teeth 11 are shown in the present instance as being carried by
a frame or lever 12, 13 fulcrumed at 14 and having slot 15 (Fig. 5): The link 16
(Fig. 7) oscillates the dog and this link can be shifted along slot 15 to one side
or another of fulcrum 14 to engage either lever arm 12 or 13 for a purpose
presently explained.
74
The link 16 is jointed at 17 (Fig. 7) to an arm 18 of a vibrating piece or
cruciform lever 18, whose forwardly extended arm is shown at 19, the down-
wardly extending arm at 20 and the rearwardly extending arm at 21. This
lever 18 is fulcrumed at 22 (Figs. 1; 5 and 13) and its arm 20 is engaged by
spring 23 which returns or normally holds the upper arm 18 with link 16
forward.
The key levers have the usual finger buttons 24. A number of key levers are
omitted for the sake of clearness. The key levers are shown in form of bell
crank levers the different arms of each of which are designated at 251 26 (Fig 7)
with fulcrum at 27 (Figs. 1 and 5). The arm. 26 by stud or catch 28 (Fig. 8)
engages one of notches 29 on link or slide 30 the rear or hook part 31 of which
engages the universal bar 32 pivoted to arms 33 secured to rock shaft 34 (Figs: 7
and 13) having a forwardly extending arm 35 adapted to be moved by an arm 21
of the cruciform lever 18*. When a writing key is depressed the arm 26 thereof
pulls its slide or hook 31 with universal bar 32 and arm 33 forward so as to dip
or depress arms 35 and 21 and to swing arm 18 with link 16 (backward. The
link 16 being oscillated by the alternate action of depressing a key and of the
returning spring 23 when the operator releases the key will oscillate the feed
logs 11 to permit the escape or feed of the carriage the distance of one space.
The slides 30, as before stated, each have a series of notches 29 so as to be adapted
for engagement by variously arranged keys or key banks.
The hook 31 of each slide 30 engages the universal bar at the rear and is
open towards the front of the machine so that when a hook is moved forward it
pulls with it the bar 32 but the forward movement of the bar does not transmit
movement to the remaining slides 30. The bar merely passes out of the hooks
or out of each hook whose key is not depressed so that such remaining hooks
with their keys remain at rest. When released the bar 32 with the actuated
hook returns or swings back so as to again enter or be engaged by all the hooks 31.
The spacing key or bar is shown at 36 (Fig. 7), the lever 37-38 of said
spacing key being fulcrummed at 39 and the arm 38 engages a laterally projecting
pin 41 on arm 19. When key 36 is depressed the arm 38 swings arm 19 up-
ward and arm 18 backward to give a thrust to link 16. It is thus seen that
each of the four arms 18 to 21 of the vibrating piece 18 has a function, arm 18
engaging link 16, arm 19 is engaged by the lever of the spacing key, the arm 20
effects the return of the parts through the spring 23 and arm 21 is operated upon
by the universal bar through the arm 35. The spacing key has a returning
spring 40 for normally holding the lever 37, 38 in the elevated position.
The slides 30 each actuates its type bar.carrier 45. Each slide has a fork 42
(Figs. 8 and 9) engaging a stud 43 on the arm or hub portion 44 of the lever or
type bar carrier 45 carrying the independently pivoted or swiveled type bar 46
with type block 47, the axis of rotation of said type bar being at right angles to
the pivot of the carrier 45. When the slide 30 moves forward from the position
shown in Fig. 8 to that shown in Fig. 9 the type bar carrier 45 swings bar 46
to carry type 47 to the paper or platen.
The square or flat faced type block 47 can be fixed to the bar 46 and made with
a plurality of faces about such bar, two being shown in the present instance, each
face having its type or character. By swiveling the type bars in the manner
described, the case shift is effected. That is to say, one or another of the
plurality of type upon each bar may be made to face the platen and to imprint
its character. Each bar has an angular or locking block 48, the faces of which
conform to the type block and a spring 49 pressing against the block 48 prevents

page_text: accidental rotation of the type bar and holds the latter so that the required type
will squarely face the sheet or platen when printing. The spring 49 likewise
forces the type bar around to the proper position when it is given a partial
movement by the means to be hereinafter described. This spring 49, lying
along the bar or carrier or parallel to the bar, allows the bar 46 to be turned
when required for the case shift. The swiveled type bar 46 may thus have a
partial rotary motion independent of the motion of the carrier 45.
Such shift is effected by a shift finger or pin 50 (Figs. 6 and 9) which normally
lies back far enough or behind the type bar carrier 45 to be cleared by the type
bar, but when shifted or slid forward into the path of the fork 51 (Fig. 9) at the
rear end of bar 46, this fork is carried into contact with the finger 50 when the
type bar makes its printing stroke (see Fig. 14) and also during its return
swing. That is to say, one prong of the fork contacts with the finger when the
carrier moves towards the printing point and the other prong of the fork con-
tacts with the finger when the carrier moves back to a position of rest, thus
restoring the type-bar to the normal position, as is clearly represented in
Figs. 14 and 15. The spring 49 assures the proper positioning of the type-bar,
as the finger 50 moves the type-bar only a portion of the distance through the
quarter turn that it has to make to change case. The bar normally has, say, its
small letters in position to print, but when caught by finger 50 during the
ment of the type carrier to the printing point the bar is turned and the capital
or upper case letter or character faces the sheet or printing point.
move-
As a finger 50 thus not only shifts its type bar to write upper case characters
when required, but also returns or restores the type bar to its normal case as the
bar returns to rest, a finger 50, after having been shifted into action must be
locked when the type bar has started towards the printing point so that said
finger will restore the bar to the normal case position when the bar returns and
not pass out of action till the bar has returned to rest. The shifting and locking
of the fingers 50 can be suitably effected, as will hereinafter appear.
These fingers are shown mounted on a plate or carrier 52 (Figs. 1 and 5)
suitably supported so as to slide, as for instance by means of a forwardly extended
slide and guide rod 53 (Fig. 7) and backwardly extended slide and guide rods 54.
This sliding carrier 52 is normally held back with its fingers 50 out of action by
a spring 55 (Fig. 3). An arm or fork 56 engaging the slide 53 extends from
rock shaft 57 having arm 58 (Figs. 1, 2 and 6) engaged by loop or strap 59
extending from arm 60 of shift key lever 61 which is provided with finger
button 62 and is fulcrumed at 63.
A depression of key arm 61 causes arm 60 to move the arms 58 and 56 with
rod 53, carrier 52 and all of the fingers 50 forward to a position where they are
adapted to catch the forks or tails 51 of the type bars. The play of the arm 58
can be confined in suitable limits by a stud 64 (Fig. 2) on said arm 58; the
stud having its movement or play confined by the fork or stops 65.
The rock shaft 57 also has an arm 66 (Figs. 3, 13 and 15) which is provided
with stud 67. The universal bar 32 has connected therewith a locking slide 68
(Fig. 3) which is provided with a catch or hook 69, and which moves forward
and back with the universal bar at each depression of a writing key. Suppose
the shift key 62 has been depressed and the arm 66 thus swung upward and a
writing key then depressed. The universal bar moving the slide 68 forward
causes the finger 69 to pass under the raised end or stud 67 of arm 66 and to
hold arm 56 with rod 53 and fingers 50 forward or in action until by the release
of the writing key when the universal bar with slide 68 will move sufficiently
bar back to allow the hook or shoulder 69 to clear stud 67 and permit the
arms 66 and 56 to return to rest.
i
The ink ribbon 70, as seen in Figs. 1 and 6, lies normally down or with an
edge presented to platen 1, so as not to obstruct the view of the writing or
roller 1. When, however, a type is printing, as seen in Fig. 9, the ribbon 70
is automatically turned or twisted so that the type strikes a face of the ribbon,
1

page_text: .
the movement of the ribbon being around an axis substantially coincident with
an edge of the ribbon. This turning of the ribbon is effected by a holder or
fork with branches 71 (Fig. 9) between which the ribbon passes. This fork is
carried by rock shaft 72 (Fig. 1) an arm 73 of which is engaged by finger 74
(Figs. 7 and 9) of a slide 75 connected to universal bar 32, as indicated at 76,
to move therewith. As a type prints and the slide 30 and bar 32 move forward,
the shaft 72 is rocked to turn the ribbon so that the latter presents a face to
the platen or paper as seen in Fig. 9. A return of the universal bar and
slide 75 will cause the fork 71 with the front edge of the ribbon to drop back
to the position shown in Figs. 1 and 7 so as to expose the writing.
The ribbon spools are shown at 77 (Fig. 1) one on eacli side of the machine,
and by having the spools alternately actuated the ribbon is made to wind or
travel back and forth, as known. The actuation and release of one spool will
explain the arrangement of both. Each spool is loosely carried upon a stem or
stud 78 (Fig. 1) fixed to a disc 79. The stud 78 carries a lug 80 with a spring
catch or hook 81 which passes through an eccentrically arranged hole in spool 77,
and compels the latter to rotate with dise 79 and stud 78, but such catch or
hook can be caused to release the spool when the latter is to be removed.
From the rock shaft 34, which, as before stated is actuated by the universal
bar, projects an arm 82 (Figs. 7 and 11) which engages a lever arm or fork 83
that swings loosely on the stud 78 and carries a depending part 84 (Fig. 11),
the rim part 85 of which carries a clutch roller 86. In other words, the parts 84,
86 form a roller clutch which, when in action, will give a step by step rotation
in one direction to disc 79 and spool 77 as the lever arm 82 swings back and
forth. In order that the clutch roller 86 can be moved or set out of action
when required, this roller or its axle ends are arranged by hook 87 swinging on
pivot 88 on the depending part 84 of the lever arm 83. A spring 89 normally
tends to hold hook 87 in position for roller 86 to clutch or engage the rim of
disc 79.
The spring 89 is also connected to an arm 90 of a lever 91 whose fulcrum 92
is also mounted on depending part 84. The arm 90 has the step shaped part 93
and 94. A rotary shaft 95 carries a lug 96, and when the shaft 95 is turned
from the position shown in Fig. 11, the lug 96 will press forward the hook 87
and the step or longer part 94 of arm 90 is drawn by spring 89 into contact
with hook 87 so as to hold the latter forward in a position where the clutch
A further
roller 86 lies idle or out of engagement with its cooperating disk.
half turn of shaft 95 causes lug 96 to press back arm 91 so that the step 94
is moved clear of hook 87 which being now drawn or moved by spring 89 back-
ward or to the step or shoulder 93, brings the roller 86 into active position or
into engagement with the rim of disc 79. The parts 90, 93, 94 thus form a
combined lock and release lever or mechanism for the part 84.
The shaft 95 extends through the machine from side to side, as seen in Figs. 1
and 5, and has a finger button or handle 97 for convenient rotation. By fixing
the two lugs 96 on the shaft in alternate positions or at an angle of 180 degrees
to one another the rotation of the shaft can be made to cause the spool at one
side of the machine to be clutched or actuated for winding the ribbon thereon,
while the opposite spool being released is free to have the ribbon unwound or
drawn therefrom.
The shaft 95 is arranged to rotate in only one direction and to be locked in
the proper positions. Thus, fixed to said shaft is the lug 98 (Fig. 12) with
oppositely extended shoulders 99. A spring 100 abuts against one or another of
the shoulders and prevents a rotation of shaft 95 in one direction, and such
spring pressing against one face or another of lug 98 holds the shaft 95 with
lugs 96 out of action or in vertical position extending respectively up and down
from the shaft.
The link 16 it is noted, can be engaged to support the feed dogs at either
side of the pivot thereof accordingly as the feed is to occur, either just before or

page_text: just after a type reaches the printing point, that is to say, during the printing
or return stroke of the type bar to produce a speed feed or ordinary feed, as
required. The dog support has studs 101 (Fig. 5) projecting within the slot 15
thereof and the link by its spring 102 is held in engagement with one stud or
another above or below fulcrum 14, as required. The slot 15 has an enlarged
part 103 which enables the link 16 to be withdrawn or readily disengaged-from
the dog support when required. The studs 101 are shown adjustable, being
mounted on a
plate 104 held to the dog by slot and screw connection 105 and 106.
The feed rack 10 is illustrated in the present instance as supported by
vertically moving arms 107 (Fig. 7) guided along the fixed vertical hangers 108
and engaged by arms 109 on rock shaft 110 having finger pieces or handles 111
by which the rock shaft can be swung to move rack 10 out of engagement with
the dog so that the carriage may be moved at will by hand to any desired
point. A returning spring or springs 112 tend to hold the rack in a position
where it can be engaged by the dog.
The type bar carriers 44, 45 are mounted independently of one another so
that each can be removed without disturbing others and these carriers have
each its fulcrum stud or lugs 113 (Fig. 9) mounted or slipped into the segmental
fulcrum support 114 (Fig. 10) extended across the machine and open to the
rear. The hub 44 of each of the type bar carriers is held forward, with lugs 113
projecting therefrom resting in seats 114*. The locking strip 115, as seen
in Fig. 4, has oblique slots 116 into which engage the supporting studs 117 by
which the strip 115 is carried. A proper lateral movement imparted to the
strip will cause it to move back sufficiently far to clear or release the type bar
carriers which can then be individually slipped or pushed back out of their
seats 114. The strip 115 is engaged by arm 118 (Figs. 1 and 5) of lever 118*
whose arm 119 is connected to the slide or handle 120 extended laterally in order
that it may be within the reach of the operator. Moving the slide 120 longi-
tudinally to swing lever 118 will cause the locking strip 115 to move to releasing
position, while a spring 121 tends to move lever 118 back to the normal posi-
tion so as to press and hold the strip 115 in locking position.
When the universal bar 32 moves forward and away from a number of the
hooks 31, such hooks are held from dropping out of place by the fixed supporting
strip 122 (Fig. 8) supporting the rear ends of slides 30. This strip 122 is
carried by the fulcrum support 114 and has lugs 123 (Fig. 1) which support and
guide the rearwardly extending slide rods 54 of the shift finger carrier 52.
By having the fulcrum carrier or support 114 arranged in form of a segment
of a circle and the type bars arranged so that the types are in line with one
another or at uniform distance from the end of the bar, each type can be made
to strike the printing point or the centre of such circle, so that satisfactory work
is obtained. Each of the type bars 46 being held against longitudinal move-
ment by its block 48 and fork 51, the block 47 will remain a constant distance
from pivot 113. The strip 115 and the supporting strip 122 and the carrier 52
are shown of segmental shape corresponding to and parallel or concentric with
the fulcrum carrier.
The front ends of slides 30 are adapted to move in or through a guide or sup-
port 124 (Figs. 1 and 8) corresponding in its segmental form to the fulcrum
carrier, and the rear ends of these slides are shown guided in the radiating slots
of the guide 125 (Figs. 8 and 10) which guide is preferably cast in one piece with
carrier 114.
To prevent too free or a retrograde rotation of discs 79, a brake or friction
spring 126 (Fig. 6) can be applied to each such disc. The studs 78 (Fig. 1)
of these discs are shown fixed in or carried by suitably mounted posts 127. The
ribbon 70 running from spool to spool passes over suitable seats or guides 128
(Fig. 6) into which the ribbon can be slipped in order to support it normally
in a horizontal position where it extends across the machine, as indicated in
Fig. 1 of the drawings.

page_text: The, segmental universal bar 32 can be suitably connected to the arms 33 by
lugs 129 fixed to the bar 32 and pivoted at 130 to said arms 33 of rock shaft 34.
The motion imparted to the arms 21 and 35, it has been found, is eased by
having the contacting face of one of these arms convexed so as to rock on the
contact face of the other. As the arms 21 and 35 merely contact with one
another and are not positively connected, the feed dog actuating lever 18* can
be vibrated by space key 36 without imparting movement to the arm 35, or
while leaving the universal bar 32 at rest.
The link 16 engaging the feed dog carrier has a laterally projecting pin 131
(Fig. 1) which catches or straddles the carrier to hold the latter during writing
and during the shifting of the link to opposite sides of the pivot 14 of the carrier
but the cut or passage 103 allows the pin 131 to be withdrawn from the carrier
when required, as has before been explained.
Each ribbon spool catch 81 (Fig. 1) when suitably extended beyond its
spool 77 can be made to serve as a handle for winding or rotating such spool as
well as a means for maintaining the spool in place.
A practical way of mounting the discs 79 is to provide each disc with a long
hub or sleeve which slips over a stud 78 on a post 127 and loosely mounting the
spool 77 and clutch driver or roller carrying bracket 84 on each hub.
The type bar support 114, as seen in Fig. 10, is also provided with or has cast
therewith an overhanging or forwardly projecting slotted comb like guide 132,
and as each bar carrier 45 enters this comb or guide 132 at the time of making
the printing stroke, a blur of the print by reason of a vibration of the type bar
carrier is avoided.
The link 16, as seen in Fig. 7, is made extensible or of parts adjustably secured
together and the link being lengthened or shortened can be made to secure
proper extent of movement required for the feed action.
The feed of a ribbon spool or the play of a lever 83 can be regulated by making
the connection between the arms 82 and 83 adjustable so that a longer or shorter
throw can be imparted to the lever 83.
From the foregoing description it is thought the operation of the machine will
be obvious and that no further description of the operation is necessary.
The improvements forming the subject-matter of this invention may be
applied to a typewriter of any suitable or preferred construction. In the present
instance the invention has been illustrated as applied to a "front strike" machine
having some of the characteristics of the well known "Underwood" machine,
but we would have it understood that various changes in construction and
arrangement may be made to adapt the invention to machines of different types
without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. The combination of type bars, carriers on each of which a bar is movably
mounted, a writing key and a slide for actuating each of the carriers, a universal
bar, a lock actuated by the universal bar, shifting mechanism, for moving the
type bars on the carriers, a key for operating said shifting mechanism, and means
carried by said shifting mechanism for the engagement of the lock.
2. A type bar, a carrier on which the bar is movably mounted, a writing key
and slide for actuating the carrier, a universal bar actuated by the slide, a
shifting pin for the type bar, a slide and rock shaft connected to and operated by
the universal bar for controlling the pin, said rock shaft having an arm or stud
adapted to be automatically engaged by a locking projection for holding the
shifting pin in action until the bar has printed, substantially as described.
3. A type bar, a carrier on which the bar is movably mounted, a writing key
and slide for actuating the carrier, a universal bar actuated by the slide, a lock-
ing slide having a hook or shoulder, a shifting pin for the type bar, a key
actuated rock shaft connected to the shifting pin, and an arm or stud carried by

page_text: the rock shaft and moved by the fatter into the path of the hook of the locking
slide to be locked or engaged by the latter, substantially as described.
4. A typewriting machine provided with a type bar carrier, a rotatable type
bar carried by said carrier and a locking spring mounted upon the carrier and
adapted to maintain the type bar in either one of a plurality of positions by
frictional contact, substantially as described.
5. A typewriting machine provided with a type bar carrier, a movable type bar,
carrying a plurality of type and a locking spring, said bar and spring being
mounted parallel to one another along the carrier and said spring being made to
engage the bar for locking the same against accidental movement and for main-
taining by spring pressure any type thereon facing the platen, substantially as
described.
6. A typewriting machine provided with a type bar carrier, a type bar carried
by said carrier and movable with relation thereto, a type block on the bar, said
type bar carrying a plurality of type, a locking spring, and a locking block
carried by the type bar and made to conform to the type block and cooperating
with the locking spring to hold any one of the type in printing position, sub-
stantially as described."
7. A typewriting machine provided with a type bar carrier, a type bar adapted
to turn on the carrier, the axis of rotation of said type bar being at right angles
to the pivot of the type bar carrier, a support or bearing to which the carrier is
pivoted, and a movable shift plate between the pivot and the type bar and adapted
to interpose an abutment in the path of a portion of the type bar to turn the
same, substantially as described.
8. A typewriting machine provided with a universal bar, a type bar, a shifter
for the type bar, and a lock for the shifter, said lock being actuated or slid by
the universal bar, substantially as described.
9. A typewriting machine provided with a type carrier, a writing key, a slide
directly connected to and actuated by the key and jointed directly to the carrier,
a universal bar engaged by the slide and carriage feed mechanism operated by
said universal bar, substantially as described.
10. A typewriting machine provided with a type carrier, a writing key, a
slide directly connected to and actuated by the key and jointed directly to the
carrier, a universal bar, said slide being made to engage the universal bar at
the rear and being free from engagement at the front thereof so that the universal
bar can move forward independently of the slide and carriage feed mechanism
operated by said universal bar, substantially as described.
11. A typewriting machine provided with type carriers, writing keys, and
slides actuated by the keys and jointed directly to the carriers, said slides each
having a series of pivot receiving notches so that the slides are interchangeable
and can be respectively engaged by various keys or banks, substantially as
described.
12. A typewriting machine provided with a type bar, a writing key, a slide
between the key and the bar, a segmental universal bar at the back of the slide,
a segmental guide for the front of the slide and carriage feed mechanism opera-
tively connected to said universal bar, substantially as described..
13. A typewriting machine provided with a type bar, a writing key, a type
bar actuating slide moved by the key, a shift key, a locking slide for the shift
key, a guiding segment for the front of the slides, and a universal bar back of
this segment and made to move the locking slide forward, substantially as
described.
14. A typewriting machine provided with a universal bar, a writing key and
a slide for moving the bar forward, a spacing mechanism, substantially as
described, a spacing key and actuating lever for operating the spacing mechanism
independently of the writing key, said universal bar being connected to a for-
wardly projecting rocking arm operated by the universal bar and made to engage
the actuating lever, substantially as described.

page_text: 15. A typewriting machine provided with a universal bar, an actuating key
for the bar, a four armed lever, an arm actuated by the universal bar and made
to actuate one of the four arms, a returning spring for another of the four arms,
a spacing key for another of the four arms, and spacing mechanism substantially
as described, actuated by another of the four arms.
16. A typewriting machine provided with a universal bar, a writing key for
actuating the bar, a spacing mechanism substantially as described, an actuating
lever for the spacing mechanism, and which is adapted to operate the same
independently of the writing key, and a forwardly projecting arm connected to
the universal bar made to overlie and engage an arm of the actuating lever of the
spacing mechanism, one of said arms having a contacting face convexed or made
to rock along the contact face of the other arm, substantially as described.
17. A typewriting machine provided with a universal bar, a writing key for
actuating the bar, a spacing mechanism lever for actuating said spacing
mechanism, said lever having an arm loosely engaged by a part operated from
the universal bar, and a spacing key made to loosely engage another arm of
the spacing mechanism actuating lever so as to actuate the latter independently
of the universal bar and while the same is at rest, substantially as described.
18. A typewriting machine provided with a universal bar, a writing key for
acuating the bar, feed dog and its cooperating rack, a four armed lever for
operating said spacing mechanism, a spacing key, and a spacing dog, said
universal bar, spacing key and spacing dog being made to engage or connected
to the four armed lever, substantially as described.
19. A typewriting machine provided with a universal bar, a writing key
adapted to actuate the bar, a lever fulcrumed in front of the universal bar and
having a forwardly and a backwardly extending arm, a feed dog actuated by
said lever, a rack cooperating with the feed dog, an arm connected to be operated
by the universal bar and made to engage the rearwardly extending arm of the
lever, and a spacer key made to engage the forwardly extending arm of the lever,
substantially as described.
20. A type bar carrier having lugs, a support for the carrier having a seat for
the lugs, and a hand operated movable retaining strip adapted to be seated
against the rear of the carriage to hold the latter to its seat, substantially as
described.
21. A type bar carrier, a support having a rearwardly open seat for the carrier,
a retaining strip for the carrier, an inclined way or slot for moving the strip
to and from the seat, and an actuating lever and slide for the strip, substantially
as described.
22. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a platen. printing mechanism,
a ribbon having its edge normally presented to said platen to expose the writing
thereon and means for automatically turning said ribbon longitudinally on an
axis which corresponds substantially to the edge of the ribbon that is adjacent
to the platen so as to interpose it in the path of the printing mechanism.
23. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a platen, printing mechanism
a ribbon having its edge normally presented to said platen to expose the writing
thereon, a pivoted ribbon guide the pivotal axis of which is substantially in line
with the edge of the ribbon adjacent to the platen, a universal bar and a slide
fixed to said universal bar for automatically turning said ribbon guide on its
pivot so as to interpose the ribbon in the path of the printing mechanism.
24. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a platen carriage, spacing
mechanism for said carriage, ribbon spools, and automatically operated recipro-
cating frictional mechanism controlled by the spacing mechanism for imparting
an intermittent rotary motion to said spools.
25. In a typewriting machine, the combination of ribbon spools, spacing
mechanism, automatically operated frictional mechanism controlled by. the spac-
ing mechanism for imparting an intermittent rotary motion to said spools and
means for controlling said frictional mechanism so that when it is effective

page_text: to operate one of said spools, it will be ineffective to operate the other, whereby
the ribbon may be alternately fed in opposite directions.
20. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a platen carriage, spacing
mechanism for said carriage, rotary disks, an automatically operated reciprocat-
ing frictional clutch for each of said disks, said clutches being operable to trans-
mit an intermittent rotary motion to said disks in one direction and free to move
independently thereof in an opposite direction and ribbon spools operatively
connected to said disks, whereby the ribbon may be fed alternately from one
spool to another.
27. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a platen carriage, spacing
mechanism for said carriage, rotary disks, reciprocating frictional clutches which
are operated by the spacing mechanism and transmit an intermittent rotary motion
to said disks, ribbon spools operatively connected to said disks and hand operated
mechanism for operating said ribbon spools by hand independently of the auto-
matic operation thereof.
28. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a platen carriage, spacing
mechanism for said carriage, rotary disks, intermittently operated reciprocating
frictional clutches which are operated by the spacing mechanism and which trans-
mit an intermittent rotary motion to said disks, ribbon spools operatively con-
nected to said disks, hand operated mechanism for operating the said ribbon
spools by hand independently of the automatic operation thereof and means
for throwing either of said friction clutches out of operation at will.
29. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a platen carriage, spacing
mechanism for said carriage, rotary disks, automatically operated reciprocating
friction clutches, each adapted to automatically engage a disk when moving in
one direction and to automatically be disengaged therefrom when moving in
an opposite direction, whereby an intermittent rotary motion is transmitted to
said disks, means for changing the extent of throw of said clutches, ribbon
spools operatively connected to said disks and means for retaining said clutches
out of engagement with said disks.
30. In a ribbon feeding mechanism for typewriting machines, the combination
of a rotary friction disk, a ribbon spool operatively connected therto and an
automatically operated clutch for transmitting motion to said friction disk,
said clutch comprising a movable cam and a clutch roller supported upon said
cam and adapted to be conveyed thereby into and out of contact with the
periphery of said disk.
31. In a ribbon feeding mechanism for typewriting machines, the combination
of a rotary friction disk, a ribbon spool operatively connected thereto and an
automatically operated clutch for transmitting motion to said friction disk, said
clutch comprising an intermittently oscillated feeding yoke carrying a cam and
a clutch roller supported upon said cam and adapted to be conveyed thereby into
and out of contact with the periphery of said disk to lock the disk to move with
the yoke when the latter is moved in one direction and to permit the yoke to
move independently of the disk when the yoke is moved in an opposite direction.
32. In a ribbon feeding mechanism for typewriting machines, the combination
of a rotary friction disk, a ribbon spool operatively connected thereto, an auto-
matically operated clutch for transmitting motion to said friction disk, said clutch
comprising a movable cam and a clutch roller supported upon said cam and
adapted to be conveyed thereby into and out of contact with the periphery of
said disk and means independent of said cam for maintaining the roller at the
lower part thereof and out of contact with the periphery of the disk.
33. In a ribbon feeding mechanism for typewriting machines, the combination
of a rotary friction disk, a ribbon spool operatively connected thereto, an auto-
matically operated clutch for transmitting motion to said friction disk, said
clutch comprising an intermittently oscillated feeding yoke carrying a cam and
a clutch roller supported upon said cam and adapted to be conveved thereby info
and out of contact with the periphery of said disk to lock the disk to move with

page_text: the yoke when the latter is moved in one direction and to permit the yoke to
move independently of the disk when the yoke is moved in an opposite direction
and a clutch-roller-yoke independent of said feeding yoke for maintaining the
roller at the lower part of the cam and out of contact with the periphery of the
disk, whereby the feeding yoke can be oscillated without imparting motion to
the disk.
34. The combination of a ribbon spool, a catch adapted to secure the spool
in place and projecting beyond the face thereof when the spool is in place so as
to constitute à handle therefor and means for rotating the said catch so as to
transmit movement to the ribbon spool.
35. In a typewriting machine, the combination of oppositely located ribbou
spools, friction clutches for automatically operating the spools and a hand
operated shaft extending across the machine and provided with fingers arranged to
alternately throw said friction clutches into and out of operation.
36. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a ribbon spool, a recipro-
cating clutch roller adapted to intermittently rotate said spool when moved
bodily in one direction and to move automatically out of the engaging position
when moved bodily in an opposite direction and means for reciprocating said
roller.
37. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a ribbon spool, a recipro-
cating clutch roller adapted to intermittently rotate said spool when moved
bodily in one direction and to move automatically out of the engaging position
when moved bodily in an opposite direction, means for reciprocating said roller
and means for varying the throw of said clutch roller.
38. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a ribbon spool, a friction
clutch adapted to intermittently rotate said ribbon spool, means for intermittently
moving said clutch and means for varying the throw of said clutch.
39. The combination of an oscillating feed yoke, a clutch roller carried by
said yoke, a friction disk with which said roller cooperates, a ribbon spool-opera-
tively connected to said friction disk and means for varying the throw of said
feed yoke.
40. The combination of an oscillating feed yoke, a clutch roller carried by
said yoke, a friction disk with which said roller cooperates and with which the
roller locks when the yoke is moved in one direction and which is free therefrom
when the yoke is moved in an opposite direction, a ribbon spool operatively
connected to said friction disk, means for varying the throw of said feed yoke
and means for maintaining the clutch roller out of operation when desired.
41. In combination, the carriage under tension the escapement comprising a
toothed member and single pawl and a single fixed detent adapted to engage
therewith, the keys and means interposed between the keys and the escapement
for holding either the pawl or the detent normally in engagement with said
toothed member, substantially as described.
42. In combination, the escapement, the keys and the means interposed between
the keys and the escapement for changing the direction of movement or throw of
Baid escapement in relation to the movement of the keys, substantially as
described.
43. In combination, the escapement, the controlling member, the keys, con-
necting means between the same and said controlling member, and adjusting
means for changing the direction of movement or throw of said controlling
member, substantially as described.
44. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage, a feed rack
therefor, a suitable dog cooperating with said feed rack, one of said last named
parts being mounted to move laterally with relation to the other, means for
laterally moving said laterally movable part and means for adjusting said moving
means to change the direction of throw of said movable part and thereby vary
the feed action of the parts.
45. In a typewriter, the combination of a carriage, a feed rack therefor, a

page_text: suitable feed dog cooperating with said feed rack, one of said last named parts
being pivotally mounted to move laterally with relation to the other, means for
laterally moving said laterally movable part and means for adjusting said moving
means to apply the moving force to one or the other side of the pivot of the
movable part and thereby vary the feed action of the parts.
46. In a
typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage, a feed rack
carried thereby, a suitable feed dog cooperating with said feed rack, said feed
dog being pivotally mounted to move laterally with relation to the rack, means
for laterally moving said feed dog and means for adjusting said moving means
to apply the moving force to one or the other side of the pivot of the dog to
change the direction of throw of said dog and thereby vary the feed action of
the parts.
47. A typewriting machine provided with a paper carriage, a pivoted feed
dog therefor, and cooperating feed rack, an extensible rigid link made adjustable
along the dog or its support and to either side of the pivoted axis of said feed
dog or its support for varying the feed action and speed of the dog and means
for maintaining the link in its extensibly adjusted position, substantially as
described.
48. A typewriting machine provided with a swinging or pivoted feed dog,
a key actuated universal bar, a lever actuated by the universal bar, and a link
made to connect the lever and dog, said link being made shiftable to opposite
sides of the dog pivot to vary the feed or writing, substantially as described.
49. A typewriting machine provided with a feed dog and cooperating feed
rack, an actuating link and mechanism substantially as described for actuating
the link, said link being shiftable on the dog to change the direction of the
throw thereof to vary the feed action and being forked to straddle or hold the
dog during shifting, substantially as described.
50. A typewriting machine provided with a feed dog, a shiftable actuating
link therefor, said dog having catches or pins for holding the link in various
positions in order to change the direction of throw of the dog to vary the feed
action, substantially as described.
51. A typewriting machine provided with a feed dog and with a shiftable
actuating link therefor, said dog having catches or pins with which the link
is adapted to engage and said pins being adjustably secured to the dog, substan-
tially as described.
1
TX
1
1000
A. M. & WM. CLARK,
Chartered Patent Agents, 53, Chancery Lane, London.