Year: 1886

page_text: I, AARON EPHRAIM RYLES, Assistant Loco Superintendent, Lucknow in the
Empire of India, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Usually in the painting and varnishing of carriages, each successive coat is
allowed to dry; this occupies a long time, and as the coat does not set very firmly
much of it is rubbed off in the polishing. My invention relates to the painting
and varnishing in such a manner that the time required is very much abridged,
the number of coats and consequently the labour of applying and rubbing them is
lessened, and the firmness and polish of the finished surface are greatly improved,
the result being somewhat of the character of enamel. For this purpose I place
the carriage, if it is new, or, after cleaning off loose paint, if it is old, into a
stove where it is heated during about six hours to a temperature not exceeding
280° Fahr to drive off all moisture. After removing blisters and filling with putty
such holes as may present themselves, I apply the ground coat rather thicker than
usual, and again stove. After this several successive coats made up with boiled
linseed oil are applied, but fewer than are usually required, each coat being sub-
jected to stove heat of about 180° for about 6 hours and then flattened by pumice
or otherwise. When a highly polished surface is desired, the last coat before
varnishing should consist of paint mixed with varnish in about equal proportions
and it should be flattened with finely pulverised pumice and oil applied by flannel
or other soft texture.. Usually for varnishing, a single coat of copal suffices, but
for producing a highly polished surface this after being stoved and lightly flattened,
may be succeeded by another coat or by several coats the polishing being done
with rotten stone or other suitable material. When the wood or panels are not to
be painted but only varnished, they should first be treated with any known filling
rubbed well in, and then the successive coats of varnish with intermediate stoving
and flattening can be applied.

page_text: An Improvement in the Painting and Varnishing of Carriages
or other Vehicles.
I, AARON EPHRAIM RYLES, Assistant Loco-Superintendent, Lucknow in the
Empire of India, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
Usually in the painting and varnishing of carriages, each successive coat is
allowed to dry; this occupies a long time, and, as the coat does not set very firmly,
much of it is rubbed off in the polishing. My invention relates to the painting and
varnishing in such a manner, that the time required is very much abridged, the
number of coats and consequently the labour of applying and rubbing them is
lessened and the firmness and polish of the finished surface are greatly improved,
the result being somewhat of the character of enamel. For this purpose, I place
the carriage, if it is new, or, after cleaning off loose paint, if it is old, into a stove
where it is heated during about six hours to a temperature not exceeding 280° Fahr
to drive off all moisture. After removing blisters and filling with putty such holes
as may present themselves, I apply the ground coat rather thicker than usual, and
again stove. After this, several successive coats made up with boiled linseed oil
are applied, but fewer than are usually required, each coat being subjected to stove
heat of about 180° for about 6 hours and then flattened by pumice or otherwise.
When a highly polished surface is desired, the last coat before varnishing should
consist of paint mixed with varnish in about equal proportions and it should be-
flattened with finely pulverised pumice and oil applied by flannel or other soft
texture. Usually, for varnishing, a single coat of copal suffices, but, for producing
a highly polished surface, this, after being stoved and lightly flattened, may be
succeeded by another coat or by several coats, the polishing.being done with rotten
stone or other suitable material. When the wood or panels are not to be painted
but only varnished, they should first be treated with any known filling-rubbed
well in, and then the successive coats of varnish with intermediate stoving and
flattening can be applied.
.
Lettering or drawing may be done after the last coat has been finished, the
vehicle being stoved again to harden the letters or design... While the external
painting and varnishing proceeds, the internal work can also go on, the stoving
applying to both.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
In the painting and varnishing of carriages and other vehicles, the herein
described method of drying and hardening by stove heat of about 180° Fahr.
applied for about 6 hours after every coat.
D
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