Improvements in Making Articles of Earthenware, such as Flower Pots, Preserve Jars, Cups, and similar Goods, of Improved Pattern.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 5th May, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 5th Feb., 1894-Accepted, 14th Apr., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Making Articles of Earthenware, such as Flower
Pots, Preserve Jars, Cups, and similar Goods, of Improved
Pattern.
THOMAS WEBSTER Senior, Gentleman 19 Salisbury Road, Wavertree,
Liverpool THOMAS WEBSTER Junior, Clerk 19 Salisbury Road, Wavertree
Liverpool do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:―
Improvements in the process and machinery described in our Complete
Specification No. 12506 dated 6th May 1891 for the manufacture of flower pots
preserve jars cups and similar articles, (hereinafter for brevity called goods or
articles) so as to secure uniformity in the thickness of the goods while obviating
the necessity of weighing the clay. Applying oil to the clay before pressing, in
order to prevent adhesion and to avoid the delay consequent upon oiling the cones
and moulds of the pressing machine. Dividing the pressing into two operations
using different sized cones to secure perfect delivery from the moulds.
improved appliance for finishing the rims or tops of the goods.
An
Instead of forming the clay into pipes at the pugmill as described in our previous
Specification above mentioned we now propose to have it pass from the pugmill in
solid rolls of varying thickness, according to the size of goods required. The
cutting table is fixed in front of the outlets and cuts the rolls into the required
lengths, the cutters being adjusted according to the size of the article to be
made so as to dispense with weighing, and to ensure uniformity in the finished
goods.
The pieces before being placed in the moulds to be pressed are dipped in oil,
which entirely avoids the necessity of oiling the cones & moulds, sufficient oil being
retained on the clay to prevent it adhering.
Having found that when the goods are pressed to the requisite thinness by the
machine described in our previous Specification, there is a difficulty in getting a
satisfactory delivery from the moulds, we intend now to perform the pressing in two
operations. We employ first a cone of less diameter than the required internal
diameter of the article to be made, which produces a thick & unfinished article.
This is then subjected to another pressing with a cone of the diameter required,
when it is found that the articles will rise freely from the moulds without any
second lubrication.
To produce goods with perfectly solid tops or rims free from cracks or excresences
of any kind, we propose having the groove in the moveable collar which forms
the rims of the articles, made so as to form a rim much deeper than is actually
required, the excess being cut off by a steel cutter which works between the top of
the mould and the moveable collar, and is attached to a second collar having teeth
on its outer face by which it is revolved upon the first collar through a set of
gearing actuated from the crank shaft. The cutter is made of spring steel and is
so fixed as to bear always evenly on the top of the mould, and so cut off from
the pressed article all clay that may rise above the mould. The end of the cutter
is shaped to produce a round or flat rim as may be desired, and the gearing is so
arranged that the cutter shall revolve once only after each pressing and before the
article is lifted from the mould.
In the accompanying drawing
Figure 1 shews the arrangement of gearing for revolving the cutter. A is the
revolving toothed collar to the underside of which is attached the cutter.
B B are bridge nieces connected to the inner collar E (shewn in Figure 2) which

page_text: holds the article in the mould until the cone has been withdrawn. C is a toothed
wheel which lays flat on the table and which engages with the revolving collar
when the latter comes down on the mould. D is a wheel fitted on the crank shaft,
having teeth on a section of its periphery only, and is arranged so as to turn the
revolving collar A completely round immediately the cone begins to withdraw, and
before the lower crossbar in ascending lifts the collar up to permit the removal of
the finished article.
Figure 2 is an enlarged section of the two collars, A being the outer or revolving
collar, B the bridge piece, E the inuer collar, G the groove in same which covers
the space between the cone and mould. H is the steel cutter which passes between
the inner collar E and the top of the mould, and is shewn shaped to cut a round
rim. I is a flat connecting piece which is screwed on to the outer collar A and
holds it in position round the inner collar E.
Dated this 4th dovr of Mer 1802
THOMAS WEBSTER, SENR.
THOS. WEBSTER, JUNR.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Making Articles of Earthenware, such as Flower
Pots, Preserve Jars, Cups, and similar Goods, of Improved
Pattern.
THOMAS WEBSTER Senior, Gentleman, 19 Salisbury Road Wavertree
Liverpool and THOMAS WEBSTER Junior, Clerk, 19 Salisbury Road Wavertree
Liverpool do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
Improvements in the process and machinery as described in our Complete
Specification No. 12506 dated 9th Aug. 1890, for the manufacture of flower pots,
preserve jars, cups, and similar goods of improved form, either whole or in section,
hereinafter for the sake of brevity described as goods or articles. Said improve-
ments refer to (1) the preparation of the clay so as to secure. uniformity in the
thickness of the goods while obviating the necessity of weighing the charges.
(2) Applying oil to the clay before pressing in order to prevent adhesion and to
avoid the delay consequent upon oiling the moulds and cones of the pressing
machine after every operation. (3) Dividing the pressing into two operations
using different sized cones to secure perfect delivery from the moulds. (4) An
improved appliance for finishing the rims or tops of the goods after pressing.
Instead of forming the clay into pipes at the pugmill as described in our Speci-
fication referred to above we now propose to have it pass from the pugmill in solid
rolls of varying thickness according to the size of goods required. The cutting
table is fixed in front of the outlets and cuts the rolls into the required lengths the
cutters being adjusted according to the size of the article to be made so as to
dispense with weighing and to ensure uniformity in the finished goods.
The pieces before being placed in the moulds to be pressed are dipped in oil,
which entirely avoids the necessity of oiling the cones and moulds, sufficient vil
*being retained on the clay to prevent it adhering.
Having found that when the goods are pressed to the required thinness by the
machine described in our previous Specification there is a difficulty in getting a
satisfactory delivery from the moulds, we intend now to perform the pressing in
two operations. We employ first a cone of less diameter than the required internal
diameter of the article to be made, which produces a thick and unfinished article.
This is then subjected to another pressing with a cone of the required diameter
which reduces the article to the thickness required and we find that the latter will
then rise freely from the mould, without any second lubrication.

page_text: To produce goods with perfectly solid tops or rims, free from cracks or excresences
of any kind, we propose having the groove in the moveable collar which forms the
rims of the goods, made so as to form a rim much deeper than is actually required,
the excess being cut off by a steel cutter which works between the top of the
moulds and the moveable collar, and is attached to a second collar having teeth on
its outer face, by which it is revolved round the first collar through a set of gearing
actuated from the crank shaft. The cutter is made of spring steel & is so fixed as
to bear always evenly on the top of the mould and so cut off from the pressed
article all clay that may rise above the mould. The end of the cutter is shaped to
produce a round or flat rim as may be desired, and the gearing is so arranged that
the cutter shall revolve once only after each pressing and before the article is lifted
from the mould.
Reference to drawings left with Provisional Specification.
In Figure 1A is the outer collar which carries the cutter for trimming & shaping
the rims of the articles made. B B are the bridge pieces holding the inner collar
firm & attaching it to the guides. C is the geared wheel which engages with
& revolves the collar A when the latter is down on the table. D is a sectional
geared wheel on the crank shaft so arranged as to revolve the wheel C once each
time the collar A descends.
Figure 2 is an enlarged part section of the collar A shewing the attachment of
the steel cutter H. The bridge piece B is screwed on the inner collar E & has its
other end connected to the guide rod J. The outer collar A is held in place
round the inner collar by the loose flange piece I & works under the bridge piece B.
G is the groove in the inner collar into which the excess clay rises.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven❤
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is.
1. The novelty of preparing the clay in solid rolls in the manner herein
described, for the purpose referred to.
2. The application of the oil to the clay before pressing, the division of the
pressing into two operations & the use of cones of different sizes to secure perfect
delivery of the goods.
3. The novelty of making the articles larger than the size required and the
arrangement of the revolving steel cutter to remove excess clay and to finish off the
tops or rims of the goods.
Dated this 3rd day of February 1894.
THOMAS WEBSTER, SENH.
THOS. WEBSTER, JUNR.