Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Mar., 1886.
Complete Left, 29th Nov., 1886.
Complete Accepted, 5th Jan., 1887.
I, ERIK GUSTAF NICOLAUS SALENIUS, of Stortorget No. 13, Stockholm, Sweden,
Technologist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The invention relates to an improved arrangement of breech-loading mechanism for
fire arms with or without magazines.
When a magazine is used it is constructed as hereinafter described.
The lock mechanism is enclosed in a receiver or box made in one piece preferably of
case hardened iron and comprises the following parts vizt.: the breech, the bolt, the
main spring, the firing pin with nut thereon, the sear, the sear pin, the trigger with pin,
the trigger and sear-spring, the guard, the guard fixing pin, the guard-lever, the
extractor, the transporter (having a hole or passage in it), the cock, the lever or thumb-
piece, and the stopper consisting of a projecting piece on the breech. The bolt is by
means of a downward projection firmly united with a plate, situated under the transporter.
This plate has at its upper side an angular groove to which corresponds an oblique
projection or knob fixed on the under side of the transporter.
In loading the gun the lever or thumb-piece is turned upward through a quarter of
a circle to the left and disengages the stopper, from the somewhat oblique notch in the
receiver and the cartridge shell (or cartridge that has missed) is thereby loosened from
the chamber by the extractor connected to the bolt. It now the bolt be withdrawn,
the loosened cartridge follows the firing pin and the nut, which latter during the
movement passes over the sear.
When the fore end of the bolt has reached the rear side of the hole in the
transporter situate beneath, the cartridge shell drops through the hole in the transporter
and rests upon the plate below. If now the movement of the bolt be continued to the
end of its course, the angular part of the groove in the said plate acting upon the
projection of the transporter moves it sideways into position under the magazine,
which is placed at the right hand side of the gun simultaneously acting upon springs
that serve to retain the cartridges in the magazine. When the transporter has reached
this position, the cartridge shell escapes by gravity and a fresh cartridge descends
from the magazine into the upper part of the transporter, the hole of which is not
situated exactly under the cartridge. By now pushing the bolt forward, the transporter
[Price 8d.]

page_text: supplied with the new cartridge is returned to its original position, after which the
cartridge by the continued movement of the bolt over the transporter is pushed into
the breech chamber. The nut on the firing pin is arrested by the point of the sear the
main spring is compressed and thus the gun is cocked. After returning the lever or
thumb-piece to its original position the gum being now loaded and at full cock is ready
for firing. The movement of the bolt and the loading may be effected very rapidly.
The cock is arranged to enable the gun to be placed at either half or full cock.
When no magazine is used, cartridges are fed by hand to the transporter whilst in
its outwardly projecting position. The guard-mounting is provided with two hook-
shaped lugs clasping a pin, traversing the walls of the receiver and with an elongated
hole through which a double-hooked pin of the guard-lever is passed. When this
somewhat elastic lever is turned, a tappet springs into and is locked in the notch on
the under side of the receiver and the double hook enters corresponding notches in
the walls of the receiver. In this manner the guard-mounting is locked to the
receiver.
The receiver is fixed to the butt-stock by means of a spring-hook, which engages
with a notch in the rearward projecting part of the receiver. By depressing this
spring-hook the butt-stock may be withdrawn.
The magazine has a single opening, through which the cartridges are placed in it, and
through which they descend into or on to the transporter. The magazine is fixed to
the gun with this opening downward. The cartridges are retained in the magazine
by springs fixed on it, the lower ends of which springs extend under the opening.
In order to insert cartridges in the magazine, it suffices to press them against the
ends of two spring-onds, which are thus moved aside and allow the cartridges to pass
after which the springs return into such a position as to retain the cartridges in the
magazine.
W. LLOYD WISE.
Per F. J. Brougham,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields,
London, W.C
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Breech-loading Fire-arms with or without
Magazines.
I, ERIK GUSTAF NICOLAUS SALENIUS, of Storto get No. 1B, Stockkholm, Sweden,
Technologist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to a gun that may be used with or without a magazine.
When it is used as a magazine gun the loading is effected in an automatic way as one
of a series of operations performed by movements of the breech piece as follow, that is
to say by freeing the breech piece, drawing it with all attached parts backward in a
line with or parallel to the axis or centre line of the bore and then returning it. Whilst
drawing back the breech piece the firing spring is compressed, the empty cartridge
case is rawn out of the firing chainber and allowed to escape, and a fresh cartridge
passes out of the magazine situated to the side of the gun and above the axis of the
bore. During the returning (that is, pushing forward) of the breech piece, the cart-
ridge just mentioned is pushed into the firing chamber the firing mechanism is brought
to full cock, the breech is closed, and the gun is made ready for firing.
The breech is in few parts which are such that the whole mechanism can be taken
apart and put together again without the use of a spanner.
In the annexed drawings Fig. 1 shows a side view of a portion of a gun with the
magazine in position, and Fig. 2 shows a plan of the same. Fig. 3 shows a side view
of the same portion of the gun the lock and other parts being in vertical section. Fig. +
is a cross section on the line 4-4 of Figs. 1 and 3. Fig. 5 is a side view of the loading
mechanism, the bolt being pulled quite out. Fig. 6 is a similar view to Fig. 3 but
shows the parts in the relative positions that obtain when the gun is cocked and ready
for firing. Fig. 7 is a section on the line 7-7 of Figs. 2, 3 and 6. Figs. 8 show in
side elevation and plan respectively the front part of the bolt and its plate with the
carrier or transporter, the bolt being pushed in as in Fig. 6. Figs. 9 show in side
elevation and plan respectively the same parts the bolt being drawn back as in Fig. 5.
Fig. 10 is a cross section on the line 10-10 of Figs. 5 and 6. Fig. 11 is a cross
section on the line 11-11 of Fig. 5. Fig. 12 is a horizontal section on the line
12-12 of Fig. 5.
The gun as far as it is shown in the figures has a firing pin for central fire. The
invention may however be adapted to a gun for rim firing by placing the point of the
firing pin at the edge of the base of the bolt instead of in the middle.
The breech mechanism is entirely enclosed in a steel casing A.
"
a is the breech piece with knob and projections oo, the breech bolt, e the firing
spring, the cocking piece, e the firing pin, the extractor, the extractor pin, ga
nut on the firing pin, the trigger spring, the trigger guard, & the trigger, I the
cartridge carrier or transporter, m the lower part of the breech casing, pa spring for
fixing the magazine, and the magazine.
リ
The bolt is firmly united by means of a downward projecting part to a plate r
situated under the carrier or transporter 1. This plate has at its upper surface two

page_text: angular and oblique notches ss. The carrier or transporter, which is of rectangular
form, has an elongated and somewhat oblique opening entirely through it of a size
such that a cartridge case, or a cartridge that has missed fire, can fall through it.
There are also at the upper side two projecting ridges alongside of the opening (see
Figs. 4 and 9). On the under side it has two oblique projections which fit into
the notches of the plate and also at its ends two swellings or projections 1ª 1º
which fit into grooves in the casing A and guide the carrier or transporter during its
movement in and out of the casing. The outer side of the carrier or transporter is
shaped according to the exterior form of the casing, and completely closes the opening
provided in the side of the casing for the carrier or transporter, when the latter is
pushed in.
S
י
The bolt is secured to the breech piece a by means of a projection on the bolt
which is inserted by a longitudinal slot and then by turning the holt through about
a quarter of a rotation is caused to enter a groove a² in the breech piece (see Fig. 10).
The extractor is let into a flange of the bolt and secured by means of a pin.
The firing pin e passes through a partition in the breech piece a against which parti-
tion bears the rear end of the firing spring e and a flattened part of the pin passes
through a corresponding hole in the cocking piece and is there secured by any
suitable means such as a nut g.
The cocking pieced is provided with a thumb piece d² and moves with its lower portion
which is furnished with projecting flanges in a corresponding groove in the tail piece :
projecting from the casing A. It has in its under side two notches d³, d' respectively,
for full cock and half cock.
The peculiarly shaped trigger spring is acted upon directly by the trigger (sec
Figs. 3 and 6) it is connected with the tail piece by means of a dove tail.
When loading the gun the knob is turned a quarter of a revolution upwards and
to the left, so as to turn the projections o and out of their slots and notches in the
sides of the casing, whereby the breech piece is freed together with the bolt attached
to it. During this movement the projection y on the breech piece moves along the
oblique groove in the casing A (see Figs. 2 and 5) and causes the breech piece with
the bolt and the extractor to move slightly backwards, whereby the empty cartridge
case (or cartridge that has missed fire) is loosened. Simultaneously with this, the oblique
edge of the breech piece (Fig. 5) presses against the bevelled vertical part of the
cocking piece (Figs. 11 and 12) and forces it together with the firing pin e attached
to it, to move back so far that it comes up on the back edge of the breech piece. The
firing spring is thus compressed and the front point of the firing pin is pulled back and
lies protected in the bolt. If now the bolt be moved back by means of the knob n
the loosened cartridge case comes with it. When the front end of the bolt has reached
the rear edge of the opening in the carrier or transporter which is underneath
(Figs. 3, 4, and 9), the empty cartridge case (or cartridge which has missed fire) drops
down into the opening of the carrier or transporter and is caught by the upper side of
the plate
On the bolt continuing its retrograde movement the oblique parts of the
notches in the plate push the projections u, u and with them the carrier or trans-
porter aside and under the magazine 7 (see the dotted position in Fig. 4) which is
situated on the right side of the gun, whereby at the same time the springs, which
retain the cartridges in the magazine, are pushed outward. When the carrier or
transporter has reached. this position the empty cartridge case falls out by its own
weight and a fresh cartridge falls from the magazine into the top part of the carrier or
transporter and remains there because the opening in the latter does not lie exactly
under the falling cartridge (see Fig. 5).
1.
On the bolt being now pushed forward the carrier or transporter with the fresh
cartridge is brought back (by the oblique notches in the plate) to its original position
in the axis or middle line of the gun, after which the cartridge is pushed into the firing
chamber by the bolt which passes over the carrier or transporter. At the same time
the cocking piece d stops in front of the trigger spring h, which catches in the full
cock position (Fig. 6). On now turning down the knob the projections o, o enter
into the grooves cut in the casing and the lower part of the knob moves into its slot in

page_text: "
the right side of the casing at the same time the firing spring is still further compressed.
The gun is now loaded and the firing spring cocked for firing. During the foregoing
movement of the bolt when loading which takes place as one of a continuous series of
operations, the bolt is guided partly by the plate and the part t against the sides
of the casing A, partly by the projection of of the breech piece a, and the lower part of
the cocking piece d, hoth of which move in the groove in the fail piece of the casing.
The thumb piece d' serves to bring the gun to half cock and thence to full cock.
When the magazine is not employed the advancing carrier or transporter is furnished
by hand with fresh cartridges.
i
=
The under part m of the casing and the trigger guard are connected to the rest of
the casing and the whole is fastened to the stock in the following manner:
Projecting downwards from the rear end of the tail shaped extension of the casing
are two prongs which are connected together at their lower extremeties by a pin
These prongs are inserted in a corresponding hole in the stock (Fig. 3) and the bifur-
cated rear end of the trigger guard is inserted so that it embraces this pin 2. Then
the pin m furnished with a double hook on the lower part of the casing is inserted
through an elongated aperture in the front end of the trigger guard and the lower
part of the casing is turned round, so that the hooks of the pin m' enter into the
grooves me in the sides of the casing. When the lower part of the casing is turned
round 90° it falls into line with the gun; the double hook is then in the right position
and the pins m³ situated on each side of the front elastic part of the lower casing enter
into corresponding holes on the under side of the casing and are thus held firmly. In
order to be able to operate the lower part of the casing a conveniently its front end
is provided with a ring 'm'.
The barrel is screwed into the front wall of the casing.
The magazine which is made of sheet metal is provided with two downwardly
projecting pins which are inserted into corresponding holes in the casing A. A
projection or fillet on the magazine (see Fig. 4) pushes aside a spring on the upper
side of the casing, which spring afterwards returns over the said projection or fillet
thus holding the latter and the magazine firmly against the upper side of the casing.
When the magazine is to be removed the spring is moved aside, leaving the magazine
free to be taken away. The mode of fixing the magazine to the gun or fire-arm may
however be varied.
The magazine has only one opening for the insertion and egress of cartridges, and
through it they fall for loading when the magazine is applied to the gun with its
opening downward. The cartridges are retained in the magazine by the springs,
the lower ends of which project partly across the opening. As the carrier or trans-
porter moves outward to receive a fresh cartridge its (the carrier's) outer side comes in
contact with the springs y' y² and pushes them outward, so that the cartridges in the
magazine are freed from the support of the springs and fall downward and the lower-
most descends upon the carrier or transporter. When the carrier or transporter is
moved in again on advancing the bolt, the cartridge upon it goes with it and the rest
are retained in the magazine by the above mentioned springs
².
In order to insert a cartridge into the magazine the cartridge is placed opposite the
opening and pressed inward, thus pushing aside the ends of the springs. The magazine
may be filled in this way even whilst in position upon the gun.
:-
As already mentioned no spanner is needed for taking the different portions of the
breech apart and putting them together again. The mode of operation is as follows
The nut of the firing pin is first unscrewed, the bolt is drawn back as when
y
loading the gun and the cocking piece d is removed. The lower part of the casing
is then removed by first taking the pins at the front part of the same out of their
holes and then turning the part m to the rights so that the double hook at the rear end
may be taken out through its hole in the trigger guard . The carrier or transporter /
is next removed and then the trigger guard and the stock. The breech piece a is
now raised sufficiently to free the projection of from the groove in and is then turned
downward to the left, so that the opening a' in the breech piece comes opposite to the
projection on the bolt, thus freeing the breech piece which may be drawn off the

page_text: bolt. The firing pine and the firing spring
"
are then removed from the bolt and
taken apart. The bolt with its plate and the extractor are removed from under-
neath. The several parts are put together in the reverse order to that in which they
are taken apart.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention,
and in what manner it is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. A breech loading gun for use with or without a magazine, and having the maga-
zine (when one is used) fixed above and to the side of the axis of the barrel, such gun
being provided for the purposes of removing empty cartridge cases or cartridges that
may have missed fire, and of feeding fresh cartridges with a carrier or transporter
adapted to move at a right angle to the direction of the guns length, the said carrier
or transporter being provided with an oblique opening through it for escape of cart-
ridge cases or cartridges that miss fire, and with oblique surfaces which are acted upon
by other oblique surfaces on a part connected to the bolt when the latter is moved
backward and forward in the longitudinal axis or direction of the gun's length.
2. In a gun for use with or without a magazine, a cartridge carrier or transporter
with an oblique hole through it for the passage of cases of spent cartridges or cart-
ridges that have missed fire, and with projecting lateral edges at its upper side for
holding a cartridge during loading.
3. In a magazine gun the arrangement by which an empty cartridge case, or a
cartridge that has missed fire, is removed from the gun and a fresh cartridge is fed
from the magazine, comprising a carrier or transporter provided with an elongated hole
formed obliquely through it, for the empty cartridge case or cartridge that las missed
fire and with projecting lateral edges on its upper side and oblique projections at its
under side the said carrier or transporter being moved in and out of the casing at
right angles to the longitudinal axis of the gun by means of the said oblique projections
engaging with oblique notches or grooves in a plate situate underneath the carrier or
transporter and which is movable in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the gun,
the position of the magazine with relation to the carrier or transporter being such
that a cartridge coming out of the magazine does not fall into the hole in the carrier
or transporter but descends and rests upon the transporter between its protecting edges.
4. In a gun for use with or without a magazine guiding the movable bolt during its
forward and backward movements in the casing by means of a plate connected to it
and the part that forms the connection between the two substantially as described.
5. A magazine for a magazine gun constructed with an opening at its under part
through which cartridges can be inserted or withdrawn, and having at one side elastic
parts or springs portions of which extend across the said opening so as to prevent cart-
ridges from falling out except when the said elastic parts or springs are moved aside,
substantially as described.
6. In a gun for use with or without a magazine, the mode substantially as described
of fastening the trigger guard and the under part of the casing to the remainder of the
easing by means of a bifurcation at the rear end of the trigger guard embracing a pin
in the casing, and a double hook on the rear end of the under part of the casing
inserted into an elongated hole in the front end of the trigger guard, which double
hook when the under part of the easing is turned into its place under the casing engages
in corresponding slots in the walls of the casing, substantially as described.
7. The improved breech loader to be used with or without a magazine, substantially
as described with reference to the drawings.
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per James G. Stokes,
Applicant's Agent.