matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
A NEW METHOD OF AND IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR REAPING CORN AND OTHER GRAIN UPON AN IMPROVED METHOD TO THAT USUALLY PRACTISED
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel George Archibald at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th September 1868.
I, SAMUEL GEORGE ARCHIBALD, of Edinburgh, in the Kingdom of
Scotland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
METHOD OF AND IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR REAPING CORN AND OTHER GRAIN UPON
AN IMPROVED METHOD TO THAT USUALLY PRACTISED," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in a mechanism or apparatus for reaping grain
upon the novel or improved method hereafter mentioned, particularly
wheat and barley, that is by cutting off the ears or heads of the crop,
and as fast as cut having them carried off to a place of safety under cover,
where at any convenient time should the ears require drying that can be
done in various ways, either by exposure to the air in fine weather, by
kilns, or by Gibb's hot air process.
The operation is performed by a machine driven by horse power similar
to a reaping machine, with a comb projecting downwards to within about
six inches of the ground. The teeth in the comb are about thirty inches
long and curved downwards, the points of which are sharp and from three
to four inches apart, but the spaces between them gradually decreases till
sufficiently narrow to admit the straw but not the ears or heads of the

page_text: grain. Immediately below the comb where the spaces are narrow is
placed a lateral knife, worked similar to the knife in a reaping machinc,
which cuts off the ears of the grain as they press between the comb,
and this comb being in front of a receptacle the machine by its
onward movement merely not only cuts off the ears but presses them
so that they fall over into the receptacle, from which they are gathered
up into bags or baskets as they accumulate and are transferred to
attendant carts to be carried away to a place of safety at once. The
comb should be about the width of an ordinary reaping machine, and
should be followed by any convenient reaping machine of the same width
to cut the straw, though my machine might if desirable be used for both
operations.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHURIC ACID
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPFCIFICATION left by Thomas Kenyon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
August 1868.
I, THOMAS KENYON, the younger, of Miles Platting, near Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF SULPHURIC ACID," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in an improved process of manufacturing
sulphuric acid. I take the nitrous and sulphurous gases and force them
through a solution of weak sulphuric acid by means of atmospheric air
impelled by high-pressure steam, and as the gases rise from the weak
sulphuric acid they are met by a spray of weak sulphuric acid combined
with air and high-pressure steam, thereby causing quicker condensation
than by any other process, and these improvements may be employed
either with or without the ordinary vitriol chambers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ANNEALING OVENS AND KILNS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Tenwick at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
September 1808.
I, JOHN TENWICK, of Bedford, in the County of Bedford, Moulder,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ANNEALING OVENS AND KILNS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel construction of oven or kiln, wherein
the heat is capable of being maintained with great uniformity and
economy, and great facilities are afforded for charging and discharging
The pots or saggers containing the metal or other goods to
be annealed or fired are placed on fire-proof carriages, which are run
into the oven upon a fireproof turntable, which forms the bottom of the
oven or kiln. I prefer to make the oven or kiln circular in plan with
a concave roof, and in order to economise space I (in this case) make the
carriages of a sextant or other shape that will allow of their fitting close
together, and occupying the whole surface of the turntable. A door is
made in the side of the oven to admit the carriages which are laden and
unladen away from the oven and out of reach of the heat thereof. The
oven is provided with two fire-places (charged alternately with fucl),

page_text: and the flues therefrom pass over the roof and terminate in the same
chimney. These flues are fitted with a damper that when operated will
close one flue and open the other, thus causing the flame and gases of
one fire to pass over the other fire before its exit from the oven. To
allow of the utilization of the waste heat flues leading downwards are
provided, by which the heated gases, as they leave the heating chamber
near the roof, may be conducted to a drying room or elsewhere before
being allowed to escape.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS POR GENERATING AND PURIFYING COAL LIGHTING GAS, THE SAID APPARATUS BEING ADAPTED TO HOUSEHOLD OR DOMESTIC USE, THE GASHOLDER AUTOMATICALLY REGULATED, AND GAS PRODUCED USED AS FUEL
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Julius Neumann at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
August 1868.
I, JULIUS NEUMANN, of No. 2, Bedford Street, Bedford Square,
London, Merchant, at present residing No. 4, Sibour Street, Paris,
in the Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS POR GENERATING AND PURIFYING
COAL LIGHTING GAS, THE SAID APPARATUS BEING ADAPTED TO HOUSEHOLD OR
DOMESTIC USE, THE GASHOLDER AUTOMATICALLY REGULATED, AND
GAS PRODUCED USED AS FUEL," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in adapting a retort to domestic or kitchen
stoves, which retort being filled with mineral coal or boghead is heated
by the fire used for other purposes; besides the retort there are a gas
washer and purifier with a receptacle to receive the coal tar in com-
bination with a gas holder fitted in the ordinary manner in a water
tank.
This apparatus is intended not only for private dwellings, but is
designed also for all public buildings, steamboats, and any places
where the necessary heat for generating, gas can be obtained. The

page_text: purifier is formed with double walls or sides and contains a vessel
with a perforated bottom for holding lime or other purifying substance.
The retort is made so that it may be easily taken out for filling. The
pressure of the gas in the holder is regulated by an automatic or self-
acting combination operating on two cocks, so that when the pressure
becomes too high one of the cocks is opened while the other is shut,
and then the gas issuing from the retort instead of being conveyed to
the washer and purifier is conveyed to the fire-place and used as fuel;
this action being indicated on a dial and an alarm bell ringing to
warn the attendant, the rod communicating with the dial and the
alarm bell being attached to and set in motion by the same lever by
which the opening and closing of the cocks is effected according to
the pressure in the gas holder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CLEANING, BOTTLES AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Allen Daniell at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,.
on the 1st December 1868.-A communication from abroad by
John Farmerley Dickson,, of Boulogne, in the Empire of France.
I, SAMUEL ALLEN DANIELL, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CLEANING,
BOTTLES AND OTHER VESSELS," to be as follows:-
I will describe the said Invention as constructed for cleaning bottles..
A horizontal axis mounted on a frame, has at one end a winch by which
a rotatory motion can be communicated to it, and at its other end a
circular disk or plate. A series of six or other number of supports for
the bottles to be cleaned are fixed at equidistant points on the said disk ;.
these supports are not fixed perpendicular to the disk so as to lie parallel
with the axis, but are so inclined that they cross the axis in directions.
somewhat similar to the directions of the threads of a quick threaded.
screw. Each of these supports has near its bottom a shallow conical cup.
in which the bottom of the bottle is supported; near the top end of each
support is a slot in which a bracket carrying a tube or hollow cylinder

page_text: slides, the said brackets being capable of being fixed at any required
position by means of clamping screws. A rod working in the axis of
the tube carries at its top a button or knob, and at its bottom a conical
plug or cork. The said rod is pressed down by a coiled spring. In
using this apparatus the bracket is adjusted to a height on the support a
little greater than the height of the bottle to be cleaned, the conical plug
or cork being a little below the place which the mouth of the bottle will
occupy when it is put into the apparatus. In fixing the bottle, the
conical plug or cock is lifted by the knob or button, and the bottom of
the bottle is placed in the shallow conical cup. The conical plug or
cork is allowed to press upon the mouth of the bottle, and the bottle is
thus fixed. The bottles to be cleaned having had water and shot or
other cleaning materials. placed in them they are fixed on the supports
and a rotatory motion is given to the axis by means of the winch.
In consequence of the inclination of the supports to the axis the cleaning
material is made during the rotation of the axis to move round the
inside of the bottle as well as to travel from end to end of the bottlo.
It is only necessary to vary the sizes and proportions of the parts of the
machine to fit it for cleaning jars and other vessels..
IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS OR TAPS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Nickols at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th August
1868.
I, DANIEL NICKOLS, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS OR TAPS," to be as follows:-.
The object of my Invention is to arrange the common plug or cone
cock or tap, which opens and closes by rotation on its axis, so that it
may be safely employed for liquids under pressure, the ordinary plug
tap or cock not being applicable to this purpose, as when quickly shut
a shock is produced, owing to the flow of the liquid being suddenly
arrested, which if the pressure of the liquid be great will do damage to
the pipes.
My improvements consist in arranging and combining with the cone
plug mechanism by which it can only be slowly rotated, namely, a
worm wheel upon the axis of the plug gearing with a worm on a short
shaft formed into a handle, by turning which the cone plug will be
slowly rotated to open or shut the cock or tap. In some cases a wheel
and pinion or wheels and pinions may be used instead of the worm and

page_text: worm wheel, and in others a screw or screws may be used to give end
movement to screw inclines acting to produce slow rotation in the plug.
The worm wheel may be applied to the smaller end of the plug, and may
be made to act in place of the usual washer, and the worm handle may
be arranged in any convenient position in relation to the tap or cock.
AN IMPROVED KNIFE CLEANER
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Woodward at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
February 1868.
I, HENRY WOODWARD, of Hammersmith, in the County of Middlesex,
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED KNIFE CLEANER," to be as follows (that
is to say):-
My improved apparatus for cleaning knives consists in arranging any
convenient number of vertical pieces of wood which may be faced
with cork, leather, or other suitable material, such pieces of wood
being united at the bottom end, and held together at the top by an
elastic band or other suitable equivalent means. These vertical boards
I purpose placing for convenience on a base with two side standards
or end pieces, forming part of an enclosed chamber at the top with
inclined openings towards the bottom over the bevilled ends of the
vertical boards before mentioned, and into this receptacle the scouring
material is placed, and allowed to fall through openings between the
boards, which will be pressed asunder more or less by the action of
the knife or knives that are thrust forward and backward between

page_text: them in the action of cleaning. A cover may be placed upon this
receptacle with a suitable spreading mouth, that the brickdust may be
more readily supplied. I prefer also rounding or bevelling the lower
ends of the vertical or cleaning boards, that as the dust is being used
it may more readily pass down through openings formed on the bottom
or support for the vertical boards, and into a drawer or other simple
arrangement for receiving it. This general arrangement may be set
up or made in connection with the base or bottom part, which may
be conveniently fastened to a table, bench, or shelf for use, and from
the vertical or cleaning boards being secured together at the bottom
by any suitable means capable of being tightened or regulated, and
held together at the top by the clastic force of an india-rubber belt
or other equivalent means, the openings, when a knife is applied back
upwards, will present the much desired inclined surface, corresponding
to the transverse form of the knife, having no undue tendency to
thin the back, a defect with circular acting knife cleaners.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Hughes and Thomas:
Hughes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 30th December 1868..
We, RICHARD HUGHES and THOMAS HUGHES, both of New Cross,.
in the County of Surrey, Civil Engineers, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES," to be as
follows, that is to say:-
The front part of our velocipede consists of the wooden horse or seat
for carrying the rider; this is placed over the front or steering wheel,.
which has the usual guiding bridle rising from its axle and passing
upwards partly supports the horse, and is actuated by the hands of the
rider, enabling him to turn the wheel and with it himself and the horse-
in any wished for direction. The horse is partly supported by and
attached to a pair of shafts (preferably metallic) which connect it with a
pair of hind or trailing wheels mounted upon an axle and supporting a
seat, within which one or more persons may sit, the distance between the
front wheel and the horse and the hind wheels with the seat may be.
increased or diminished according as the shafts are made long or short,
and when not in use they may be detached from each other by removing

page_text: the horse from the shafts. The rider being mounted upon the horse in
front has his legs in stirrups, the feet in iron slippers, and by striking
the ground alternately with each foot he propels the machine and
himself along. The person seated behind may either propel in the same
manner or not, as may be desired. By placing two or more riders
abreast increased propelling power may be obtained and a larger number
of persons may then be carried on the seat behind.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC PACKING PRESSES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Charles Wilson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th April 1868.
I, JOHN CHARLES WILSON, of 5, Lime Street, in the City of
London, Civil and Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC PACKING PRESSES,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in constructing hydraulic packing
presses with the cylinder placed at the top instead of at the bottom of
the press and supported by the usual four malleable iron columns, in
combination with two hollow pillars or pipes which enclose the weights
necessary to counterbalance the weight of the ram and other parts
attached thereto, and at the same time serve as guides for the proper
direction of the ram; secondly, the combination of the above described
press with a simple wooden box for holding the material to be pressed,
made in layers of a convenient depth, and fastened at the corners by
means of wedges, so that as the ram of the press descends these layers
can be gradually removed until the bale is compressed to its final size,

page_text: when the whole are taken away and the bale is left quite free for being
properly roped. This box is not attached to the press, but slides into it
upon rails. It can thus be most casily filled outside, and the materials
well tramped down.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC PACKINGS FOR PISTONS, PUMP BUCKETS, AND VALVES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Johnson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
April 1868.
I, JOHN JOHNSON, of Levenshulme, near the City of Manchester,
Millwright and Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC PACKINGS FOR PISTONS, PUMP
BUCKETS, AND VALVES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in making metallic packings of two excentric
conical expansion rings which when cut across at the thinest part and
placed together on the body of the piston or pump bucket fit one
within the other, and the thicker portion of one ring comes opposite
the thinner portion of the other; a pin is let into the outer ring to keep
the rings in their proper relative positions. The packing rings aro
held by the lid of the piston or pump bucket. I make the thin part of
the thinnest portion of the rings quite sharp or knife edged, and the
thin part of the thicker portion of the rings is flattened; the conical
shape of the outside of the inner ring and of the inside of the outer
ring produce a lateral pressure on the flange of the piston block and on
the lid, which pressure ensures a steam, water, or air tight joint.

page_text: In applying my improvements to slide valves the packing rings are
connected to the back of the valve and produce the requisite pressure on
the inside of the valve box lid to relieve the valve from the greater
proportion of the pressure of the steam on the valve seating or face.
The above packings are easy to make and produce steam, water, or air &
tight joints with very little friction on the wearing surfaces.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 21st January 1868.-A communication from abroad by
John Marcus Boorman, of Scarborough, in the State of New York,
United States of America.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY STEAM
AND OTHER ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object a more economical or advantageous
employment of the steam or other impelling fluid in an engine of
rotary character, and consists, firstly, in a combination with a revolving
wheel or hollow ring or cylinder b working in contact with a fixed
outer ring of curved steam pipes or arms c, c', adapted to the wheel b,
the latter being divided into buckets or chambers d, d, which divisions
constitute pistons for operation in connection with revolving or
other abutments e, e, and the wheel b being further furnished
with bonnetted or other suitable side escapes f, f, for the steam as it
is exhausted from or works its way through the engine, whereby the

page_text: latter is impelled not only by direct action of the steam on the
pistons & but also as it flows through the steam arms or pipes, buckets,
and from or out of the side escapes or outlets f,f, by its action, as in
the case of a simple emission engine or Barker's mill or wheel.
The Invention also consists in the employment (with such an arrange-
ment) of oppositely arranged or curved steam pipes or arms c³, c', to
the wheel a with valves g for controlling the inlets and outlets to the
buckets d on opposite sides of the pistons e so as to facilitate or effect
the reversal of the engine.
Also the Invention consists in a combination with such valves of
pistons working in cylinders h shown in red in the Drawing, that
are in communication with opposite or reverse steam supply pipes or
passages to the engine, in order to effect the action of the valves g by
steam force or pressure accordingly as the impelling fluid is let into
one or the other of the supply pipes c, c, or passages f to revolve the
engine in opposite directions as required.
Likewise the Invention consists in a combination of valves with the
pistons by means of a linked connection i shown in red ink in the
drawing of the several valves g to the several buckets so as to secure
a joint action of such valves.
And furthermore the Invention embraces an outside stationary
exhaust steam jacket or jackets adapted to the buckets for operation in
combination with them and their side escapes and outer stationary
ring or cylinder so that while a boxed-in character is given to the
buckets and the latter are kept warm from the outside by the exhaust
steam, the same are relieved from unequal or side friction though
working in contact with the jackets.
AN IMPROVED SUBSTITUTE FOR HAIR STUFFING, AND MODE OP MANUFACTURING THE SAME FROM VEGETABLE FIBRES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
-
17th March 1868. A communication from abroad by Nathan
W. Blanchard, of Dutch Flat, California, United States of
America.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the "International Patent Office,'
No. 8, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SUBSTITUTE FOR HAIR STUFFING, AND MODE
OP MANUFACTURING THE SAME FROM VEGETABLE FIBRES," a communication,
to be as follows:-
The said Invention consists chiefly in so treating the fibre of the plant
known as the "soap plant" as to convert or manufacture it into the
proper form for being used as a substitute for common curled hair, as a
stuffing for mattresses, the seats and backs of lounges, sofas, chairs, and
for other like purposes.
The plant is first separated into fibres by means of a picker or other
suitable device, after which it is boiled for two hours, or more or less as
may be necessary, in an alkaline solution which consists preferably of

page_text: forty gallons of potash dissolved in twenty gallons of water for every
twenty pounds of fibre. The said fibre is then washed in clear cold
water, and after being dried is spun or twisted into a rope or cord. It
is then steamed for about one hour and again dried and picked by hand
or otherwise, when it is ready for use. I do not limit myself to any
one kind of alkali, although potash has been found to answer for the
purpose of my Invention.
The fibre of the soap plant treated in the manner above described is
exceedingly elastic, strong, and durable, and forms a cheap stuffing in
every respect equal to the ordinary curled hair.
A NEW MANUFACTURE OF CASES FOR PIPES AND TUBES USED IN SMOKING
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Julius Flachfeld at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
May 1868.-A communication from abroad by Josef Leiter, of
Vienna, Austria.
I, JULIUS FLACHFELD, of Basinghall Street, in the City of London,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW MANUFACTURE OF CASES FOR PIPES AND TUBES USED IN SMOKING," to
be as follows:-
Cases for pipes and tubes used in smoking have generally been made
of wood covered on the outside with leather or other pliant material.
Now the object of this Invention is to manufacture cases which will
be more durable and at the same time have a better appearance than
those made of wood and leather.
The Invention consists in manufacturing the cases of vulcanite,
ebonite, or hardened india-rubber. The cases are made in two parts or

page_text: halves, each of which is lined with silk or other desired material. The
halves are then connected together by hinges and fitted with a catch.
The shape of the cases will vary according to the shape of the pipes or
tubes they are to receive, and they may have any ornamental figure or
pattern on the outside.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE PRESERVATION OF MILK
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Charles Currie at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th March 1868.
I, THOMAS CHARLES CURRIE, of Kensington, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE PRESERVATION OF MILK," to be as
follows:-
According to my Invention I first boil the milk in a vessel preferably
made of tin enclosed in another vessel containing water. During the
boiling of the milk I add a quantity of magnesia in the proportion of
about one-quarter grain to the gallon, care being taken to stir the milk
continually and free it by constant skimming from all grease which
In order to thoroughly incorporate the
may appear on the surface.
magnesia I first mix it with a small quantity of milk previous to adding
it to the boiling milk. When sufficiently boiled the milk is at once
put into cans, which are then hermetically sealed. I prefer to fill the
which
cans through an aperture sufficiently large for the purpose,
aperture I close by soldering a plate thereon, said plate being provided
with a hole or perforation for the escape of any air which may be

page_text: contained in the can, which hole is afterwards closed so as to hermeti-
cally seal the can. The filled cans are then boiled in brine until
the expansion of the milk bulges out their ends, upon which the cans
are suddenly immersed in cold water, which causes the ends to collapse
and completes the process.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR INDICATING THE AMOUNT OF MONEY RECEIVED BY OMNIBUS CONDUCTORS AND OTHER PERSONS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Adolphus Fitzmaurice
Eichbaum at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 14th February 1868.
I, GEORGE ADOLPHUS FITZMAURICE EICHBAUM, of 35, Southampton
Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR INDICATING
THE AMOUNT OF MONEY RECEIVED BY OMNIBUS CONDUCTORS AND OTHER PERSONS,"
to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in means or apparatus
for indicating the amount of money received by omnibus conductors
and other persons. For this purpose I employ apparatus consisting of
a train of gearing giving motion to hands pointing to suitable marks,
divisions, or indications upon dials, and I cause motion to be given
to such train of gearing by means of a handle actuated by the attendant
to which a suitable click or driver is connected, such driver giving
motion to a suitable ratchet wheel which in its turn gives motion to
the hands.
The handle in giving motion to the gearing also gives

page_text: motion to a hammer which for every penny or other unit of money
paid is caused to sound a bell and thereby indicates by sound the
number of pence or other unit of money received by the person
in charge, whilst the hands will, by pointing to the marks, divisions,
or indications on the dials, indicate the gross amount of money received f
in a given time.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDS FOR CASTING
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Attwood at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
June 1868.
I, CHARLES ATTWOOD, of Wolsingham, in the County of Durham,
Ironmaster, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDS FOR CASTING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of moulds
for the reception of molten or cast steel, and consists in the admixture with
the sand, loam, or other material now generally employed by moulders of
solid carbonaceous substances, or of hydrocarbons, or other fusible or liquid
carbonaceous matters, or oily substances, or other substances which are
sufficiently rich in carbon, so that the moulds when formed of a mixture
of sand, loam, or other moulding material with the before-mentioned
substances, or some of them, will surround the casting or ingot with a
protective deoxidising covering, and thus prevent the deteriorating action
of the atmospheric air upon the heated metal. The amount and nature
of the carbons, or of the hydrocarbons, or oily or other substances which
are to be employed in conjunction with the loam, sand, or other

page_text: moulding material will mainly depend upon their different degrees of
combustibility and their liability or non-liability to explosion, and on
the proportion of carbon and hydrogen therein, my object being as
before mentioned to form a protective deoxidising casing or covering
for the casting or ingot when in a heated condition,
IMPROVEMENTS IN CRIBS, COTS, BASSINETTES, AND BEDSTEADS, ENTITLED THE PATENT BED GUARD
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Hutchinson Baylis at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 11th April 1868.
I, THOMAS HUTCHINSON BAYLIS, of No. 6, Melina Place, St. John's
Wood, Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CRIBS, COTS, BASSINETTES, AND BEDSTEADS, ENTITLED
THE PATENT BED GUARD," to be as follows:-
1. In order to provide security against accidents to children my
Invention consists in making a patent bed guard to place over and
completely cover the top of a crib, cot, bassinette, or bedstead (usually
open), and to fasten it so that the inmates are prevented getting out
until released.
2. I either attach the patent bed guard to the crib, cot, bassinette, or
bedstead by hinges, locks, or some other way; or I have it separate, so
that it may be put on or taken off at discretion.
3. I make the patent bed guard either of wood, metal, fabrics, or other
material.

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Hutchinson Baylis at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 11th April 1868.
I, THOMAS HUTCHINSON BAYLIS, of No. 6, Melina Place, St. John's
Wood, Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CRIBS, COTS, BASSINETTES, AND BEDSTEADS, ENTITLED
THE PATENT BED GUARD," to be as follows:-
1. In order to provide security against accidents to children my
Invention consists in making a patent bed guard to place over and
completely cover the top of a crib, cot, bassinette, or bedstead (usually
open), and to fasten it so that the inmates are prevented getting out
until released.
2. I either attach the patent bed guard to the crib, cot, bassinette, or
bedstead by hinges, locks, or some other way; or I have it separate, so
that it may be put on or taken off at discretion.
3. I make the patent bed guard either of wood, metal, fabrics, or other
material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Atherton and John
Atherton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 4th September 1868.
We, THOMAS ATHERTON and JOHN ATHERTON, the younger, of the
Firm of Atherton, Brothers, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster,.
Machinists, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for...
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to. be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the break motion of the loom, and consists
in improved apparatus for holding the break from the fly wheel when
the loom is worked for a short time by hand, and for removing the
break when the loom is started. To the stopping and setting-on handle
we joint a short arm having at the pointed end a raised projection, and
at the other end an inclined part projecting downwards, which part
passes through a slot in the frame side of the loom, and the long arm.
of the ordinary break lever rests on the short arm. When the setting-on-
handle is placed in position for starting the loom the inclined pro-.
jection of the short arm, comes in contact with the frame side, thereby.
raising the short arm and the long arm of the break lever and removing.
the break from the fly wheel.. When the loom is stopped and the, break:

page_text: is pressing against the fly wheel it is frequently required to turn the
loom by hand. To effect this it is only necessary to raise the long arm
of the break lever and place it on the raised projection of the short
arm, the said projection holding the break off the fly wheel. When
the loom is set on by the setting-on handle the long arm of the
break lever falls off the projection and resumes its place on the
short arm.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS AND LOCKS FOR TRAVELLING BAGS, POCKET BOOKS, WRITING CASES, AND OTHER RECEPTACLES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Heusser at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
September 1868.
I, EDWARD HEUSSER, of Jewin Crescent, in the City of London,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS AND LOCKS FOR TRAVELLING BAGS, POCKET BOOKS,
WRITING CASES, AND OTHER RECEPTACLES, to be as follows:-
A plate of oval or other desirable shape is mounted on the upper or
outer side of the jaw, mouth, frame, flap, or other convenient part of the
bag or other article to be fastened. This plate is capable of sliding to
and fro upon an under or inner plate attached to the said article, or upon
a part of the surface of such article. The sliding plate carries on its
under or inner side a pin or stud which projects downward or inward
through the fixed plate or surface on which the outer plate slides, and
it engages with or is inserted into or connected with a bolt, slide, or
moveable plate or piece herein-after called "bolt," formed or furnished
with hooks, pins, notches, slots, or other engaging or fastening con-
trivances, which when engaged with or by other contrivances on the
other jaw, frame, lip, side, or convenient part of the article to be

page_text: fastened effect the fastening action, that is to say, when the bolt is
moved in one direction these contrivances are engaged together and the
fastening effected, and when moved in the opposite direction the said
.contrivances are released and the article unfastened. The bolt is worked
in the required directions by the motion of the uppermost or outermost
plate through the pin or stud thereon. A spring may be used to restore
the plate to position after it has moved in one direction. When a
lock is combined with the fastening the top or outer sliding plate when
in its normal position, and even when slidden to and fro, covers or
conceals the keyhole; and beside its to-and-fro sliding motion it is also
capable of turning sidewise, obliquely, or partly round in both directions
of rotation, and for this purpose it works on the pin or stud, which it
carries as on an axis, centre, or pivot, such pin or stud working in the
bolt; and when the plate is thus turned in one direction it uncovers
the keyhole, and a key may be inserted to lock and unlock the fastening.
The bit of the key when introduced works a tumbler or plate carrying a
notched stud pin or projection, which engages or catches into the bolt of
the fastening, (which is suitably notched for the purpose) and prevents it
from being moved by the sliding top or outer plate until released by
turning the key in the opposite or opening direction, so as to release the
bolt. Instead of notches there may be pins, studs, or projecting stops
on the tumbler or slide and on the bolt. A spring may restore the bolt
to position after having moved in one direction.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN SHIRT STUDS, BUTTONS, AND OTHER FASTENINGS OF A SIMILAR NATURE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lionel Pyke and Alfred Pyke
at the Office of the Commissioner of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 12th June 1868.
We, LIONEL PYKE and ALFRED PYKE, both of 17, Thavies Inn,
Holborn, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN SHIRT STUDS, BUTTONS, AND OTHER FASTENINGS OF A SIMILAR
NATURE," to be as follows:-
We propose in lieu of the ordinary back of the stud that at the end
of the neck of the stud or button a back shall be fixed so as to fold
down or lay against the neck on hinges or moveable joints, so that
when required to pass through the hole of a shirt or button hole the
two halves forming the back may fold down, and after passing through
to open flat, and thus form a back and securely fix the stud in
its place.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR BURNING BENZINE AND OTHER VOLATILE OILS AND SPIRITS, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR BURNING NON-VOLATILE OILS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Fitzowen Green at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st July
1868.
I, FITZOWEN GREEN, of No. 1, Argyle Terrace, Waterford Road,
Fulham, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR BURNING BENZINE AND
OTHER VOLATILE OILS AND SPIRITS, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR BURNING NON-VOLATILE
OILS," to be as follows:-
My Invention has reference more particularly to the construction of
lamps for burning benzine and other volatile oils in railway carriages.
For this purpose I construct a long closed receptacle or vessel fixed by
preference in the back of the carriage, into which vessel the volatile oil
or spirit is introduced through a tube rising from the vessel through the
roof of the carriage. At each end of the vessel an overflow pipe is fixed
thereto, leading down to an overflow reservoir situated underneath the
carriage or seat, so that should the vessel be filled beyond the desired
level, or should it be tilted considerably by the motion of the carriage,.
the oil or spirit will escape through such overflow pipes and be collected
in the overflow reservoir. On the upper surface of the vessel are fixed

page_text: one or more burners through which the vapours of oil or spirit rise and
are burnt; just below the top of the burner is fixed a cup or receptacle,
into which a small quantity of spirit is poured when it is desired to light
the lamp, which spirit in being ignited heats the burner sufficiently to
volatilize the oil or spirit in the wick that passes partially up the burner,
and thus the lighting of the lamp is readily effected.
My improved form of lamp is also applicable to burning paraffine
oils, as also non-volatile oils, with a wick in an ordinary burner. The
wheel for regulating the wick is in this case actuated by means of a long
rod passing up through the roof of the carriage.
Although I have described my improved lamp as specially applied to
railway carriages, yet it may also with advantage be applied to other
illuminating and also heating purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO THREAD OR TWINE WHICH IS WOUND UPON BOBBINS, SPOOLS, OR OTHER SURFACES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marcus Brown-Westhead and
Robert Smith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 18th December 1868.
We, MARCUS BROWN-WESTHEAD, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Merchant, and ROBERT SMITH, of the same Place, Manager,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
APPLICABLE TO THREAD OR TWINE WHICH IS WOUND UPON BOBBINS, SPOOLS, OR
OTHER SURFACES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to methods of binding the thread or twine
to the bobbin or other surface, whereby it is prevented to a great extent
from unwinding beyond the length which it is desired to draw off.
For this purpose we employ firstly a clip or drag which is capable of
revolving and also of traversing the length of the bobbin, spool, or other
surface. One method we propose is to employ a bead or eye through
which the thread or twine is passed twice, and in another arrangement
we pass the thread or twine once through a bead or eye which is drawn
towards the bobbin, spool, or other surface by an clastic ring or other
medium.

page_text: According to another plan, we supply the bobbin, spool, or other sur-
face with a spindle carrying an arm through which the thread or twine
passes. This spindle being held by hand or otherwise when the thread
or twine is being drawn off, the bobbin or other such surface is caused
to revolve while the said arm retains the end.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SHEARING AND CLIPPING SHEEP AND OTHER ANIMALS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Charles Tucker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th February 1868.
I, HENRY CHARLES TUCKER, of Staverton, in the County of Devon,
Surveyor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SHEARING AND CLIPPING SHEEP AND OTHER
ANIMALS," to be as follows:-
According to my improvements I provide a set of reciprocating
cutters or knives at the front edge of a suitable box or case provided
with a handle for holding the apparatus. Reciprocating motion is
imparted to the cutters by means of a shaft mounted at right angles
to the direction of the cutters, said shaft terminating in a crank arm
working in a slot formed in a projection on the reciprocating cutter
bar. This shaft is partially rotated alternately in either direction by
means of an escapement wheel keyed on a spindle mounted vertically
in the box and operated by a spring and train acting alternately at
opposite points of its periphery on two lever projections radiating in
different directions from the shaft above mentioned. The alternate

page_text: partial rotary motion thus transmitted to the shaft imparts a reci-
procating motion to the cutter bar above a row of fixed cutters by
means of the crank arm and slot above mentioned, whereby the shearing
or cutting operation is readily effected. The cutter bar is provided
with slots or guides to receive screws or pins projecting from the
under plate, said screws serving to keep the cutter bar steady and
true in its motion. On the cutter bar is also fixed a spring of sufficient
power to regulate the action of the cutters, it being provided with a set
screw for the purpose. Instead of using a spring to actuate the cutters
a crank handle may be mounted on the wheel axis on the outside of
the box for a similar purpose, in this case however the handle would
be turned in the opposite direction to that in winding up the spring.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METAL TIES. FOR SECURING BALES OF COTTON OR OTHER SUBSTANCE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Francis Hadland, at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
30th March 1868.-A communication from abroad by John Edson
Sweet, of Syracuse, New York, United States of America, Engineer.
I, JAMES FRANCIS HADLAND, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN METAL TIES. FOR SECURING BALES OF COTTON OR OTHER
SUBSTANCE," a communication,. to be as follows:
The nature of the said Invention consists chiefly in constructing:
such ties (or the portion thereof which encircles the bale) of wire.
instead of hoop iron, rope, or other materials ordinarily employed for
like purposes, and also in the combination with suitable portions or:
lengths of wire of a peculiarly constructed coupling device, whereby the
two ends of the tie are secured when passed around the bale. The said
coupling device is formed with a hole in which one end of the wire
is secured, and with another hole or with prongs or; hooks for securing.
the other end of the wire. One end of the wire is connected to the
eye of the coupling, while the other end of the wire after being arranged
around the bale is passed through the hole or aperture at the other end.

page_text: of the coupling, and is bent and secured therein as the tie is drawn
tight by the expansion of the bale. Common or annealed iron or other
wire may be employed, and the desired strength may be obtained by
using wire in single lengths of the required thickness, or by doubling
or twisting several lengths of wire together.. The couplings are formed
of malleable cast iron or other suitable metal.. The end of the wire
looped in the eye of the coupling is doubled or twisted to secure it in
The other end of the coupling, whether formed with a hole
or with hooks or prongs for securing the wire, is formed in such a manner
that the said coupling has to be placed at right angles or nearly so to
the side of the bale to. allow the end of the wire to be inserted;, but
when the bale is released from the press the strain on the tie draws
the coupling into a position parallel with the side of the bale.. The
opposite edges of the hole or hooks are made somewhat sharp to take a
better hold upon the wire, and a double bend or elbow is thus formed
in the part of the said wire inserted through the coupling. The tie is.
thus securely held and kept from slipping or becoming loose around
the bale. Instead of using couplings as above described the tie may
be secured by twisting or bending the ends of the wire into the required
form.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WORKING THE VALVES OF SIEAM AND OTHER ENGINES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Clayton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
December 1868.
I, JOSEPH CLAYTON, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
3 do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR WORKING THE VALVES OF SIEAM AND OTHER ENGINES," to be
as follows:
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for
working the valves of steam and other engines, and relates to engines
in which the sudden closing of the steam admission valve is obtained by
a spring or equivalent instrument which is left free to act at the
proper instant by releasing the valve from the eccentric gear by which
it is opened. On an axis, the partial rotation of which opens and closes
the valve, a disc having clutch teeth upon its face is mounted in such
manner that it can move longitudinally upon the axis, but when it turns
it carries the axis and valve with it. On this disc is an arm which by
a rod is connected with the spring for closing the valve. Behind the
disc is a spring tending to move it along the axis pressing it constantly

page_text: against another dise which by the action of the eccentric is caused to
rock to-and-fro around the same axis. This disc has recesses in it
corresponding with the teeth of the first disc, and when these teeth and
recesses are opposite to each other they lock the one into the other, and
then the two discs move together and the eccentric is so for the time
coupled with the axis and the valve is opened. When the valve is to
be again closed the discs are separated the one from the other until the
teeth are withdrawn from the recesses and immediately the spring closes
the valve. The separation of the discs is effected by means of inclined
or cam surfaces on the first disc which abut on an adjustable surface
having other inclines upon it, and when by the motion of the disc the
inclines meet the disc is pushed back and disengaged from the eccentric
as already described. The releasing inclines are formed at the centre
of the disc and the locking teeth are arranged around them. The
surface, with the corresponding inclines, is mounted loosely on the axis
and its position is regulated by the governor, an arm upon it being
connected with a rod the end of which enters an inclined slot in a slide
which is traversed by the variations of the governor.