Improvements in Apparatus for Producing Induced Electric Currents.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Jan., 1888
Specification Accepted, 4th May, 1838
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Producing Induced Electric
Currents.
I, JOHN CHARLES PÜRTHNER of No. 12, Mariahilfer Strasse in the City of Vienna,
Austria, Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of this Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
According to my invention as described and represented in my Letters Patent
No. 9706, dated August 14th 1885, two inducing or primary coils in the multiple arc
are employed to continuously utilize the primary generator in such manner that the
current flows alternately through these coils, that is to say, every time the current of
one primary coil is broken the current of the other coil is closed and vice versa.
The same result can be obtained when the current flows synchronously through both
primary conductors but with an alternate intensity, that is to say, if it increases in one
conductor it decreases simultaneously in the other, and vice versa.
The conductor running from the primary source of electrical energy divides itself
into two derivations or branches, which contain the primary or inducing coils. The
variations in the intensity are produced by the alteration in the resistance of these
two derivations, consequently the variations in the intensity of the current can be
effected either by the sudden or gradual variation of the said resistance.
The parallel direction of the induced current in entirely identical with the method
described in my said patent. If the breaking of and closing of the primary circuit
(resistances) is effected by a rotary shaft the commutator discs are provided on their
circumference with as many conducting and non-conducting fields as induced currents
of alternate opposite direction are to be produced by one primary current at each
revolution. If, however, the commutator is separate from the shaft of the apparatus
exciting the induced current, such arrangement must be made that the change of the
contact of the parallel currents with the conductor from the induced bobbin, takes
place simultaneously with the change of the direction of the induced current. . For
this reason the commutator is fixed on the shaft of a separate motor, which is operated
by a branch current of the parallel currents. If the aforesaid synchronism is
attained the alteration of direction of the induced current and the intensity of the
same will cease when the contact on the commutator is changed. In order to regulate
the velocity of the rotation a dise is arranged which is connected with the end of the
induced circuit and which only then effects a closing of this current at the moment
when the contact on the commutator is altered. The direction of the current will

page_text: shew whether the velocity of rotation is too great or too small for producing the
aforesaid synchronism. This synchronism can be attained by increasing or decreasing
the resistance inserted in the branch circuit acting on the motor, and can be readily
effected automatically. The magnet of the motor can be provided with the coils for
the principal current and also with one or two coils, through which the altered current
on the commutator at the alteration of contact flows in such a direction that it runs in
opposite directions to the main current as soon as the revolution is too fast, but is
parallel if it is too slow. The parallel direction of the induced current can also be
effected by the circuit running from the induction coil, being divided into two
branches, through one of which only the direct, and through the other only the
inversed currents flow.
The separation of the two induced currents can be effected by means of a disc
connected with one pole of the induction bobbin or bobbins, on the circumference of
which two springs slide, which represent the ends of the branch circuits.
In separating the induced currents the arrangement can be made so that only one
current is kept in the circuit by means of the disc, for which reason only one sliding
spring is provided. In using the other induced current another shunt is arranged
which is in this case the open circuit. If the inserted conductor in this arrangement
is of higher resistance, as for instance the mechanical body in apparatus for electro-
therapeutic purposes, two ways of unequal resistance are offered to one of the induced
currents, that is to say, in the first place through the disc, in the second place through
the shunt, so that the whole current goes through the disc; but at the formation of
the other induced current the circuit through the disc is already broken, and therefore
only the shunt is left for it. If the discs, at the closing and breaking of the primary
current (resistances) or when the current flows in parallel direction or the induced
currents are separated, are replaced by oscillating cross pieces provided with conducting
and non-conducting fields with drag-springs, the rule can be adopted that one cross-
piece provided with a spring at each end acts in like manner as a disc with two sliding
springs. As it has been found inconvenient to use springs sliding on the ends,
oscillating metallic lovers or flat springs with contact pins can be employed, in case
one lever or flat spring which with one contact pin on each side replaces one disc with
two sliding springs. In order that in the employment of contact pins tue parallel
direction or separation of the induced currents may be made certain the contacts for
the parallel direction must be made in the first instance or the circuit must be inter-
rupted by the lever or flat spring, and the inducing current produced. In the aforesaid
method of employing two parallel primary circuits so that the current flows simul-
taneously through the same but with changing intensity the alterations of resistance
can also be produced by exterior influences, as for instance, the human voice or music.
In this case conductors (especially carbon conductors) are employed which have the
property of changing the resistance of the contacts by means of a changeable pressure
and whereby it is possible to transmit vocal sounds to great distances.
For this purpose each induced bobbin is in connection with a carbon contact and a
conductor placed between these contacts which said conductor is in communication
with the inducing electrical source.
The contacts on the side are either moveable in one direction and the middle contact
· fixed, or vice versa.
The second side contact can also be replaced by a corresponding large
resistance.
In the annexed Drawings Figs. 1 to 9 shew varying arrangements of my before-
mentioned invention.
In order to divide the direct and the inverse induced currents I employ a plate or
disc A (fig. 3) the circumference of which is composed of alternately conducting and
non-conducting fields. This plate or disc A is provided with a nave or boss on which
acts a spring connected with one pole p¹ of the inducing coils b. A spring which is
connected with the other pole p thereof acting in the same manner on the circum-
ferential surface of the said plate or disc A. The disc A is fixed on the revolving
shaft A', and the spring f can be so regulated that during the flow of the direct or

page_text: inversed induced current, it can pass over a conducting or a non-conducting field,
whereby a direct or inversed induced current is obtained. If the spring / is regulated
in such way that a flow in the conductor and through the disc of direct induced
currents is obtained, the inverted currents can be made to flow through a multiple
arc X Z. As however by the employment of the multiple are two ways are offered for
the current, by utilizing the one or the other of the induced currents, which is
intended to flow through the multiple are, the resistance for the same must be so
much less.
If the division of the induced currents is to be effected in such a way that the
resistances of the two conductors shall have no influence it is only necessary to
arrange another spring to act upon the circumference of the disc A, and in which
case the springs are so arranged that by one of them passing over from the conducting
field to the non-conducting one, the other spring passing from the non-conducting to
the conducting field.
Instead of using two springs, it is more advantageous to use two discs A and B
(fig. 2) on the circumferences of which rests a spring f. The discs are so arranged
that when the springs pass over a conducting field in the disc A. for example it passes
simultaneously over a non-conducting field on the disc B. The spring f' is connected
to one end of the inducing coils; and the connection of the other end of the inducing
coils with the springs acting upon the naves of the discs A and B complete the circuit
for the divided induced currents.
In fig. 2 is shown another mode for dividing the induced currents in which the
spring is connected with both ends of the inducing coils, and these connections, in
which are the resistances W W1 form the conductors for the divided induced currents.
For this purpose I also provide the springs ab acting on the naves or bosses of the
discs, and connected with the ends of the inducing coils, whereby the one or the other
of the derivations or branches are alternately closed.
Fig. 1 shews a modification of my patent No. 97068. Instead of two springs
acting upon one disc, two springs f¹f act upon the circumferences of two discs A. B,
these discs having their conducting and non-conducting fields in alternate positions,
as mentioned before in relation to Fig. 2.
If the springs a. b. acting on the naves or bosses are connected with the ends of the
inducing coils, so is the connection X. Z. between the springs f₁f the conductor for
the direct current. In case the springs ff are connected with the ends of the
inducing coils, then the direct currents will flow between a and b.
Instead of two separate discs, a double one only may be used. On the other hand,
the discs may be duplicated, two being always connected and acting together as one.
In order to conduct the current present at the alteration of the contact I provide a
disc C, (fig. 4) fixed on the rotating shaft, and provided on its circumference with
narrow conducting fields, which are so arranged as to correspond with the joinings of
the two different fields on the discs A. B.
The springs ff acting on the commutator discs A. B. are connected with the ends
of the inducing coils and the connection of the springs a. b. represent the conductor
of the direct current. As the spring facts upon the disc C, and the spring is in
connection with C, a contact is obtained which in the moment of the alteration of the
contact, will effect the short closing. The current present at the moment of the
alteration of the contact can be used for regulating the speed of the motor.
In order to make the speed of a motor independent of alterations in the
intensity of the current, the arrangements as shewn in Fig. 5 are sometimes
employed. The disc or drum D is provided with cogs or pins of iron on its circum-
ference and two magnets M' M² are arranged in such way that the disc or drum is
turned by means of the shunting of the current. The electro-magnets are for this,
purpose polarised, and are so acted upon by alternate or shunt current that they
alternately act upon the cogs or pins.
Or an electro-magnet with a core of pure iron can also be used, through which the
alternately breaking and closing current is caused to flow, in which case however it is
advisable to arrange the magnet pins on the surface of the drum.

page_text: It can also be arranged in such way that the primary current is caused to flow
through one of the electro-magnets and the induced current through the other. Only
one electro-magnet, or more than two can be employed.
On the nave W1 (fig. 5) of the commutator a suitable number of conducting or
non-conducting fields may be arranged.
Fig. 9 shews the arrangement for separating the induced currents by the employ-
ment of an oscillating cross-piece h¹ provided with conducting and non-conducting
fields, and drag-springs ff.
Fig. 6 shews an arrangement, where, instead of using springs sliding on the ends,
oscillating metallic levers or flat springs bc, with contact pieces 61 62, c₁ c³ are
employed. In this case one cross-piece with one pair of contact pins can be substituted
for one disc with one pair of sliding springs. For the separation of the induced
currents two cross-pieces b. c. with contact pins 61 62, c¹, care required. In case the
cross-piece of the commutator is fixed on the shaft of, the apparatus for producing the
induced current, and if the induced current is produced by alteration in the intensity
of the primary current, the closing and breaking of the circuit of the primary current
is usually obtained by means of a "
Wagner's "hammer a. In this case the contact
pius & and care for the closing, and be for the breaking current. It is of course
necessary to arrange that the cross-pieces b and c properly reach the contact pins,
when the respective induced currents are produced. For this purpose the cross-
pieces and care provided with contact springs and ¹, and the contact springs 61
and care besides, so regulated that they come in contact with the springs v v just
before the closing of the primary current. And in order that the contacts b² and c'
also shall be reached when the breaking current arrives, an electro-magnet E is
provided by which the breaking of the primary current first takes place, when the
contact pins b² and c² are reached. To the cross-piece a which is connected with the
conductor of the primary current, is connected a flat spring a¹, on which an iron pin e
is placed. The closing of the primary current takes place by means of the electro-
magnet E (which also can serve as a contact), and also by the electro-magnet M and
the primary coils. Both electro-magnets are made magnetic simultaneously when the
anchor of the electro-magnet M is attracted; the other E keeps the pin e fast until.
the contact pins 62 and c² are loosened or free; and by means of a special arrange-
inent, the flat spring a¹, and the pins e are moved from the electro-magnet. E,
whereby the current is broken.
If the commutator however is separate from the shaft of the apparatus exciting
the induced current, arrangement must be made so that the change of the contacts
takes place as simultaneously as possible with the creation of the opposite induced
currents. If the induced current is obtained by the closing and breaking of the
conductor of the primary current, and if the induced current is to be used for the
attaining of the synchronous movement of the commutator, a spring A fixed on the
shaft of the commutator, carries an anchor which is acted upon by the electro-
magnet M², and through which the primary current is caused to flow (figs. 7 and 8).
If only the secondary induced current is employed the synchronism of the variations
of the contacts with the alternations of the direction of the induced current can be
obtained by means of two electro-magnets arranged as before-mentioned when only
one disc or drum is used. If two electro-magnets M' M² (figs. 7 and 8) are employed
and which are alternately attracted by the anchor, the anchor is either placed between
the two magnet-poles (Fig. 7) or on both sides of the commutator (seen from the
shaft) or as in fig. 8.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. The generating of induced electric currents in such way that the direct current
and the inversed one are separated from each other; by means of:
a. Employing one dise A (fig. 3) which is in connection with one end of the
induced coils, and provided with alternately conducting and non-conducting,

page_text: fields on its circumference on which a spring slides which is in connection with
the other end of the induced coils-the arrangement, so that one of the induced
currents in the conductor flows through the disc A, and the other through the
multiple are X Z.
b. The employment of one disc connected with one pole of the induced coils, with
two sliding springs, (distant from each other by (2n + 1) times field work on
circumference) with the other end of the induced coils constitute or represent
the conductor for the induced current.
c. The employment of two discs A B (fig. 2) with the ends of the induced coils
connected, on the circumferences of which discs glides a spring, which also is
in connection with the ends of the induced coils, and which connection
represents the conductor for the induced current.
2. The separation of induced currents by means of two discs A B (fig. 1) connected
with the ends of the induced coils, with two sliding springs (distant from each
other by (2n+1) times field-work on circumference), whereby the discs are so
arranged that by the springs passing over from one conducting to one non-conducting
field on the one disc, the reverse takes place on the other disc.
3. Instead of the arrangement claimed in Claim 1, section b, the use of only one
spring (fig. 2) sliding on the circumferences of two discs A. B.
4. Instead of the arrangement claimed in Claim 1, the substitution of the discs
with oscillating cross-pieces or levers (fig. 9) provided with sliding springs f¹ƒ" on
their ends.
5. The substitution for the discs mentioned in Claims 1 and 2 of oscillating cross-
pieces or levers b, c (Fig. 6) with contact pins 662 or c¹ c², whereby one cross-piece
with one pair of contact pins is substituted for one disc with one pair of sliding
springs on the circumference.
6. In the arrangement of oscillating cross-pieces with contact pins for separating
the induced currents, the arrangement for closing and breaking the primary current,
when the cross-pieces of the commutator have reached the respective contact pins for
separating the induced currents, or vice versa.
7. In the arrangement of oscillating cross-pieces with contact pins for separating
the induced currents, the arrangement of contact pins on one side-seen from the
shaft.
8. The substitution for two or more discs, cross-pieces, or springs, of one, which
combines the other in itself.
9. The separation of induced currents by the employment of a rotating shaft in
cases where the commutator is separated from the apparatus producing the induced
current, arranging the commutator on the shaft of a motor whereby the conducting
and non-conducting fields of a commutator disc are in such a number as the induced
currents produced during one revolution of the motor, and the synchronism in the
alteration of the direction of the induced currents with the variations of the contacts
can be obtained in the best way by using the existing current for regulating the
speed of the motor..
10. The modification of Claim 9 by arranging the commutator on the shaft of a
separate motor.
11. Actuating the commutators by means of an electro-motor through which the
rotation is obtained by means of the alteration of the direction of the current.
12. Obtaining a synchronous movement with the alteration of the direction of the
induced current by using a disc or drum D (fig. 5) provided with cogs or iron pins on
the circumference whereby the commutator can be fixed on the shaft W of the disc
or drum, and the rotation of the disc or drum obtained by means of electro-
magnets M M (or one electro-magnet) attracting the cogs or iron pins, and for
which purpose-
a. The electro-magnets are polorized and shunt currents are forced to flow through
them.
b. The electro-magnets with the shunt currents passing through them are provided

page_text: with a centre of soft iron, and the iron pins arranged on the circumference of
the drum are preferably magnetized.
c. The shunt current is caused to pass through one of the electro magnets whilst
the separated current passes through the other one.
d. The primary current is caused to pass through one of the electro-magnets whilst
the induced current passes through the other one.
13. Effecting the synchronism by induced currents by means of an oscillating
shaft and the arrangement of one or more electro-magnets M¹ M² (figs. 7 and 8)
which are acted upon by one cross-piece or spring A on the shaft of the commutator
by anchors fixed thereon, and for which purpose the electro-magnets are charged by
intermittent primary currents, or the electro magnets are arranged as described in
Claim 12 (sections a, b, c, d).
14. Instead of employing the arrangements mentioned in Claims 12 and 13, the
use of one electro-magnet with two separate coilings or windings through which the
current is passed.