Improvements in Mechanism for Actuating Punkahs and • Thermantidotes.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Nov., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 14th Aug., 1893-Accepted, 28th Oct., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Mechanism for Actuating Punkahs and
•
Thermantidotes.
I, HARRY HEATLY, of 98 Cecil Street, Greenheys Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, and of 30 Strand Calcutta, India, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention, to be as follows:-
My invention relates to mechanism for actuating punkahs and thermantidotes,
and consists in an improved combination, or of combinations of mechanism.
Firstly. It consists in an improved combination and arrangement of hot air
engine.
Secondly. It consists of the combination of the hot air engine with mechanism
for converting the rotary motion from the engine into to and fro oscillatory motion
such as is required for working a punkah, and it also consists in combining the hot
air engine with thermantidotes, and
Thirdly. It consists of heating arrangements for the hot air engine.
There are two stands or feet to the upper ends of which a hollow table is secured
by bolts, this hollow table forms one casting with the cylinder below it, which
forms the upper part of the cylinder in which the displacer works. The lower
part of the displacer cylinder is formed by another cylinder having its lower end
closed, and this cylinder is bolted by means of a flange to the lower part of the.
upper displacer cylinder.
The lower part of the displacer cylinder is surrounded by a chamber covered
by asbestos or such like non-conductor of heat, there being an annular cavity
between the outer part of the displacer cylinder, and the inner part of the chamber
for the heated air or gases from an oil lamp, coal or coke fire ordinary lighting
or oil gas, or other source of heat, the heat from which impinges upon the closed
bottom of the lower part of the displacer chamber or cylinder, and the gases enter
the annular chamber from which there is or may be an outlet to a suitable chimney.
The displacer works within the displacer cylinder and the piston rod from it
passes through a tubular part between the top and bottom of the hollow table,
which is filled with water.
The upper end of the piston rod from the displacer piston is connected with the
lower end of a connecting rod, the upper end of which is jointed with a crank pin,
which is a cranked projection from a crank pin secured in a disc on the first motion
shaft to which crank pin the upper end of a connecting rod for the power cylinder
is attached, the lower end of which is jointed with a trunk piston in the power
cylinder, the lower end of which communicates by a passage through the hollow
table with the displacer cylinder.
The power cylinder and the stand carrying the bearing for the first motion shaft
and other parts is or may be formed in one casting.
There is a fly wheel on the first motion shaft, and also a spur pinion on that
shaft that drives a spur wheel working upon a stud in the stand cast with the power
cylinder and in this there is a crank pin to which one end of a short connecting rod
is jointed the other end being jointed with a pin in a lever or arm on a stud in a
bracket secured to the hollow table plate.
To the lower or free end of this lever or arm the punkah cord or rope is
attached.
There are or may be a series of holes near the free end of the arm for a winged
bolt to pass through with a sufficiently large head.
The end of the punkah cord or rope is passed once round the head of the bolt
and then the winged nut is screwed tight and this forms an easy mode of securing.

page_text: the end of the cord and of readily adjusting its lengths to suit the driving
mechanism to the punkah.
The lever for working the punkah cord may have its fulcrum on a bracket on
either side of the framing so that the lever may be changed in position to work the
cord either vertically or horizontally as required.
Instead of a lever and short connecting rod there may be a lever having a long
slot in its lengthway, its fulcrum being placed on a bracket to come opposite the
axis of the wheel having the crank pin in it, which enters the slot in the arms
which crank pin may have a swivel sliding block or an anti-friction bowl upon it to
fit the slot in the lengthway of the lever arm.
Thermantidotes are or may be driven by a belt or endless. rope from a pulley on
the first motion shaft, or a pulley or wheel driven by the first motion shaft.
In working the engine by petroleum or other suitable hydrocarbon, I cause the
liquid fuel to pass from a cistern drop by drop, at the required speed into the end
of a pipe outside of the frame of the combustion chamber-this pipe is bent to and
fro passing over the upper part of the burner, so that the oil is vapourized or
formed into gas before it arrives at the burner, where it escapes through small
holes and is ignited and burned.
The vapour is burned by preference, by being first mixed with air, heated air by
preference, which is injected into the end of the burner tube, so as to draw the oil
vapour along and discharge it in the end of the burner tube. I prefer to supply
the air from a small fan mounted on a lever in a fulcrum on the frame of the
engine, this lever being weighted or acted upon by a spring to force and hold the
driving pulley of the fan in contact with the periphery of the fly wheel of the engine.
The pipe conveying air from the fan takes it to a pipe passing over the flame of
the burner so as to get heated before it enters the burner tube.
Dated this Twenty-eighth day of November 1892
PETER J. LIVSEY,
Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Mechanism for Actuating Punkahs and
Thermantidotes.
.
J, HARRY HEATLY, of 98 Cecil Street, Greenheys, Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, and of 30 Strand, Calcutta, India, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to mechanism for actuating punkahs and thermantidotes,
and consists in an improved combination, or of combinations of mechanism.
Firstly. It consists in an improved combination and arrangement of hot air
engine.
Secondly. It consists of the combination of the hot air engine with mechanism
for converting the rotary motion from the engine into, to and fro oscillatory motion
such as is required for working a punkah, and it also consists in combining the hot
air engine with thermantidotes, and
Thirdly. It consists of heating arrangements for the hot air engine, and in
arrangements for supplying liquid fuel.
There are two stands or feet (which are or may be attached to carrying wheel
axles) to the upper ends of which a hollow table is secured by bolts, this hollow
table forms one casting with the cylinder below it, which forms the upper part of
the cylinder in which the displacer works. The lower part of the displacer
cylinder is formed by another cylinder having its lower end closed, and this cylinder
is bolted by means of a flange to the lower part of the upper displacer cylinder.
The lower part of the displacer cylinder is surrounded by a chamber covered by
asbestos or such like non-conductor of heat (or the said chamber may be annular to

page_text: form a jacket for hot air) there being an annular cavity between the outer part of
the displacer cylinder, and the inner part of the chamber and also a space below
the displacer chamber, for the heated air or gases from an oil lamp, coal or coke
fire, ordinary lighting or oil gas, or other source of heat, the heat from which,
impinges upon the closed bottom of the lower part of the displacer chamber or
cylinder, and the gases enter the annular chamber from which there is or may be
an outlet to a suitable chimney, or first to the annular air jacket and then to the
chimney.
The displacer works within the displacer cylinder and the piston rod from it,
passes through a tubular part between the top and bottom of the hollow table,
which is or may be filled with water.
The upper end of the piston rod from the displacer piston is connected with the
lower end of a connecting rod, the upper end of which is jointed with a crank pin,
which is a cranked projection from a crank pin secured in a disc on the first motion
shaft to which crank pin, the upper end of a connecting rod for the power cylinder
is attached, the lower end of which is jointed with a trunk piston in the power
cylinder, the lower end of which communicates by a passage through the hollow
table with the displacer cylinder.
The power cylinder and the stand carrying the bearing for the first motion shaft
and other parts is or may be formed in one casting.
There is a fly wheel on the first motion shaft, and also a spur pinion on that
shaft (which is or may be arranged to be readily connected or disconnected with the
shaft) which spur pinion drives a spur wheel working upon a stud in the stand, cast
with the power cylinder and in this there is a crank pin to which one end of a short
connecting rod is jointed, the other end being jointed with a pin in a lever or arm
on a stud in a bracket secured to the hollow table plate.
.
To the lower or free end of this lever or arm, the punkah cord or rope is
attached.
There are or may be a series of holes near the free end of the arm for a winged
bolt to pass through with a sufficiently large head.
The end of the punkah cord or rope is passed once round the head of the bolt
and then the winged nut is screwed tight and this forms an easy mode of securing
the end of the cord and of readily adjusting its lengths to suit the driving mechanism
of the punkah.
The lever for working the punkah cord may have its fulcrum on a bracket on
either side of the framing so that the lever may be changed in position to work the
cord either vertically or horizontally as required.
Instead of a lever and short connecting rod, there may be a lever having a
long slot in its lengthway, its fulcrum being placed on a bracket to come opposite
the axis of the wheel having the crank pin in it, which enters the slot in the arm
which crank pin may have a swivel sliding block or an anti-friction bowl upon it
to fit the slot in the lengthway of the lever arm.
Thermantidotes are or may be driven by a belt or endless rope from a pulley
on the first motion shaft, or a pulley or wheel driven by the first motion shaft.
In working the engine by petroleum or other suitable hydrocarbon, I cause
the liquid fuel to pass from a cistern, drop by drop, at the required speed into
the end of a pipe outside of the frame of the combustion chamber-this pipe is
bent to and fro passing over the upper part of the burner, so that the oil is
vapourized, or formed into gas before it arrives at the burner, where it escapes
through a series of small holes or slits, and is ignited and burned.
The vapour is burned by preference, by being first mixed with air, heated air by
preference, which is injected into the end of the burner tube, so as to draw the oil
vapour, along and discharge it in the end of the burner tube. I prefer to supply the
air from a small fan mounted on a lever in a fulcrum on the frame of the engine,
this lever being weighted or acted upon by a spring to force and hold the driving
pulley of the fan in contact with the periphery of the fly wheel of the engine.

page_text: .
, a piau view, and
Fig. 8, a cross section on the line B-B Fig. 7.
Figs. 9 and 10, are detached views enlarged of the oil cistern and connected
parts.
Fig. 9, being a side view partly in section, the section being on the line C-C
Fig. 10, and
Fig. 10, an end view.
Figs. 11 and 12, are sectional elevations illustrating mechanical droppers.
a, are two end frames, they are formed with flanges at their upper ends so as to
be securely bolted or screwed to the underside of the hollow table.
The lower ends of these side frames a, may form feet or may be formed with
bearings on each frame to receive an axle a', having a wheel a³, at each end, so
that if required, the engine and connected parts may be readily moved about.
b, is the hollow table, and projecting from its lower side is the upper part c, of
the displacer cylinder, the lower end of which has a flange by which the lower
part c', of the displacer cylinder is secured to it by means of a flange thereon for
bolts.
This flange is also extended and has projections c², to fit the upper ends of two
cylinders d, and ', of sheet metal, the lower ends of which cylinders are closed by
a disc of metal d², having projections to fit the cylinders d, and d¹.
This disc d', is or may be secured to the ends of the cylinders d, and d¹, by bolts
extending between it and the upper flange at c², or by other means.
The inner cylinder d, forms a chamber annular to the exterior of the displacer
cylinder c', and serves to retain the heated gases and products of combustion which
can pass from the inner chamber d, to the annular jacket formed by the cylinder d²,
through a hole d³, shown by a dotted circle in Fig. 3, and from this annular jacket
the heated gases, may pass to the chimney d.
There is a passage b', from the displacer cylinder c, to the lower end of the
power cylinder f.
The displacer g, is formed by a flat upper disc of metal g¹, and a lower disc of
metal g², concave on its lower side, and these discs have short cylindrical edges
between which a cylinder g³, of thin metal comes, the upper and lower discs g',
and y², of which are perforated.
The space within the discs g', and 92, and cylinder g³, forming the displacer g, is
filled with fine metal wire, by preference, and the reduced lower part of a con-
necting rod gʻ, passes through the centre of the upper disc g', and screws into a
screw tapped hole in the centre of the lower disc g.
The displacer rod g', works through and is guided in a hole formed in the table
plate b, and the upper end of the displacer rod is jointed to the forked lower end of
a rod 9, the upper end of which fits a crank pin hereinafter referred to.
There is a hole for lubricant in the axis of the upper end of the displacer rod g*,
to convey the lubricant to the joint pin between the displacer rod and connecting
rod 9.

page_text: Ine power cylinder, and the bracket or stand, for the crank shaft and gearing
is cast in one piece and there is a flange at the lower end of the power cylinder f,
by which it is screwed to the upper face of the hollow table b.
The upper part of the stand, forms the bearing for the crank shaft h, to one
end of which a disc ', is secured in which disc a crank pin 2, is secured by a screw
nut and key to prevent the crank pin from turning in the hole in the disc '.
This crank, is extended and bent to one side, so as to form the crank pin ³,
for the displacer g, which crank pin ³, is at such radius from the axis of the
crank shaft, as to give the desired stroke to. the displacer g, and it is in such
position in relation to the crank h², for the power piston, as to actuate the
displacer g, at the proper time, the relative position of the crank pin ½², for the
power piston, and the crank pin ½³ for the displacer being shown in Fig. 1.
The crank pin 2, (which has a collar on one side) is or may be passed through a
bush in the eye of the upper end of the connecting rod 2, before or when being
secured into the disc h', and the lower end of the rod 2, is jointed to a bracket or
forked part, that screws into the end of the trunk piston f, that works in the
power cylinder f. The end of the rod f, is or may be formed with a cap secured
by two screws as shown in Fig. 3ª.
The upper end of the, connecting rod f, is or may be formed with a cavity f³, in
it, to receive lubricant (see Fig. 3A).
The hole, for supplying the lubricant is closed by a screw plug f, when filled
with oil and there is a small pipe f, from the screw plug upwards.
There is a small hole from the cavity f³, to the crank bearing.
The small pipe f, prevents the lubricant from being thrown out by the movement
of the connecting rod 12.
On the crank shaft h, the fly wheel, is secured, and its boss is or may be
formed as a pulley h³, for a belt with a groove for an endless belt or band to drive
a thermantidote, or thermantidotes may be driven by a pulley on or attached to
the spur wheel, which rotates on a stud or pin j', passed into a hole in a boss in
the stand, and secured by a cross pin 2, or the point of a screw.
This stud j', has or may have a small hole in its axis and a cross hole about the
middle of the stud, and lubricant is or may be filled at a hole in the boss in the
stand, for the study, to pass along the small hole in its axis and then along
the cross hole to the rubbing surfaces.
The spur wheelj, is driven by a spur pinion 6, which has a boss, one half of
which is made like a clutch to gear with the other half on the boss of the fly
wheel h*.
There is a sliding pin 7, in a hole in the boss of the spur pinion °, acted upon
by a helical spring, and the end of this sliding pin 47, enters a hole in the crank
shaft h, when the spur pinion, is in gear driving the spur wheel j, and by
withdrawing the pin ', the spur pinion, can be slided to a position clear of the
teeth of the spur wheel j.
In a hole in a boss in the disc of the spur wheel j, a crank pin j³, is. secured,
upon which one end of a rod j, is jointed, the other end being forked, and is
jointed to an arm or lever 1, the fulcrum j, of which is upon a stud secured
in a bracket a³, attached to one side of the hollow table b, (see Figs. 1 and 3).
The free end of this arm or lever j, has a series of square holes, through
it, so that the length of stroke to be given to the punkah may be adjusted.
There is a winged screw bolt j8, with a large head and square shank near the
head to fit the square holes, to prevent the bolt from rotating.
By passing the end of the rope or cord from the punkah once round the
bolt between its head and the lever j³, and screwing it up tight, the cord or
rope is held firmly.
The lever arm, may be used in a vertical position when required by placing the
fulcrum of the lever, on a stud in the bracket a³, at a', then the lever, and
connecting rod, will take the position shown by jx, and 4×, iu dotted line on
Fig. 1.

page_text: The arm or lever j³, may be placed with its lengthway in a line crossing the
diameter of the spur wheel j, and with its fulcrum stud on a bracket on the same
line as shown in dotted line on Fig. 1; ja, being the lever j³, and the crank
pin, may have a swivel block upon it or an anti-friction bowl by preference
and the swivel block or bowl will fit a slot in the lengthway of the lever in which
the swivel block will slide or the bowl will roll, the slot being of sufficient length
to suit the throw of the crank pin.
Thus arranged the lever arm will have a quick movement during one half
of the revolution and a slow movement during the other half of the revolution of
the crank pin ja.
Heat may be applied under the cylinder c', for the displacer in the chamber d,
by a lamp, gas, a fire, or other suitable means. But I prefer to use heat from
petroleum oil or other suitable liquid hydro-carbon, which is supplied to apparatus,
the heat from which first converts the oil or combustible liquid into gas or vapour
and then burns it, the heat from the flame being also used to heat the air used for
the combustion of the gas or vapour, the air being propelled to the burner by a
fan worked by the engine.
The apparatus for heating and converting the oil into gas or vapour and for
burning it with heated air is illustrated detached on an enlarged scale by Figs. 5,
6, 7 and 8, and it is shown in section in position in Fig. 3.
This apparatus is inserted in the chamber d, through a hole in its side, as best
shown in Fig. 7, where d, represents a part of the sides of the chamber, and d', part
of the annular jacketting chamber, in which also there is a hole to pass in the
heating apparatus which can be covered by a sliding or other door *.
This heating apparatus is formed in one casting k, except as hereinafter explained.
There is a passage 7, in the casting k, for air which is brought by a pipe. This
passage 1, goes along one side across the inner end and along the other side to an
annular cavity, in the casting k, in which there is a part bored out to fit air tight
the exterior of a central nozzle 2, that has holes 13, in its sides, through which
air can pass from the annular cavity l, into the bore of the central nozzle 12,
for air.
The outside end of this tube or nozzle 12, has a flange 1ª, through holes in which
screws pass to secure it to the front of the casting k.
There is another passage m, in the casting for oil, which is below that (1) for
air, and this passage also terminates in an annular cavity m*, in the same part of
the casting which forms a tube or burner n, in which the vapour or gas from the
oil and the air, mix, and escape through a series of slits or holes n', in the upper
part of the burner tube n, and when ignited burn with a Bunsen flame.
The nozzle 2, for air comes into an internal cone in the burner tube n, there
being an annular space between the end of the exterior of the air nozzle 12, and the
interior of the burner tube n, for the vapourized oil, which mixes with the air
at the nozzle, and pass into the burner tube n, to escape at the said slits or
holes n¹..
The passage m, for oil in the casting k, is inclined sufficiently to allow the oil to
flow along it by gravity to the cavity m', in the burner tube n, and after the
casting k, has been sufficiently heated, the oil that enters the passage m, is converted
into gas or vapour.
There is a screw plug n², at one end of the burner tube n, to close it, and by
removing this plug and the nozzle 1, the interior of the burner tube.n, can be
cleaned out when required.
1, is the hole in the end of the casting (see Fig. 6,) for the air pipe, and m, the
hole for the oil pipe.
k, is a peep hole in order to see when the gas or vapour is lighted and burning
properly, and is also for lighting the burner.
The casting k, forming the heater and burner is placed as before stated in the
chamber d, under and surrounding the lower part of the displacer cylinder c', as
shown in Fig. 3.

page_text: The air pipe, from the casting k, which passes horizontally and is then bent
upwards is connected by a screw coupling, or other arrangement with a vertical
pipe ', which is carried on a fulerum studs, in a bearing on a projection, from the
bracket a³, (see Fig 1,) and from the fulcrum stud or pin the pipe l, is bent and
its upper end is secured in an elbow junction 1, which has a flange by which it.
is secured to the flanges on the casing p, of a small centrifugal fan of ordinary
construction.
On the outer end of the small shaft or spindle p', of the fan (which shaft is in
bearings carried by arms from the casing of the fan) there is a small pulley p², the
periphery of which is pressed against that of the fly wheel h*.
The weight of the fan and casing on one side of its fulcrum 18, towards the fly
wheel, presses the periphery of the pulley, against the periphery of the fly
wheel sufficiently to give the required adhesion for driving the fan.
In some cases. the pressure between the pulley p², and fly wheel may be too
great, when an arm from the fulcrum 18, may be used having an adjustable weight
upon it to counter-act the pressure of the pulley p², of the fan against the fly wheel,
or a spring may be used in place of the counter-weight to counter-act some of the
weight.
In the elbow casting 1º, (see Fig. 1A) there is an ordinary flat disc or cone lifting
valve, which can close against a seating for it formed in the elbow casting.
The valve is or may be inserted through a hole in the elbow casting which is
closed by a screw plug (see Fig. 1A) having a hole in it through which the stem of
the valve passes and fits as air tight as possible without packing.
The stem, of the valve, has an helical spring, upon it, and there is a screw
upon the end of the stem by which more or less of the tension of the spring may
be made to act to lift the disc valve from its seating. The stem of the valve and
spring may be entirely enclosed by a cap screwing upon the projection of the
screw plug.
The air from the fan acts upon the upper side of the disc valve before passing
between it and its seating and the pressure of the passing current tends to close the
valve, but the helical spring is adjusted to prevent it from closing and to keep it
open except the force of the current increases above a given extent represented by
the tension at which the spring is adjusted and thus the valve adjusts the quantity
of air passing to the burner, which is heated in the passages l, in the burner
casting, before it mixes with the combustible vapour, which by the suction of the
air is drawn towards and discharged at the slits or holes n', in the burner n, as
before explained.
The oil or hydro-carbon liquid to supply the burner is placed in an air tight
vessel which has a hole in its top through which oil is passed when the vessel is
to be filled, which hole closed air tight by a screw plug qt, see Figs. 9 and 10.
The oil passes from the cistern 7, through a small hole q, into a small
chamber 3, which is closed except that there is a small passage g, from the upper
part of the cistern for air to enter the small chamber 93, and which allows the
cistern to be filled without overflow from chamber q³.
There is a pipe q³, connected with the small chamber g³, and in this pipe there is
a. small tap q, for regulating the speed at which the oil shall be allowed to escape
drop by drop into the mouth of a pipe m³, connected with the passage m, in the
burner casting (see Fig. 1).
The enlarged end of the pipe m', receiving the drops of oil has a hole m³, across
it, through which the drops may be seen to fall from the nozzle of the tap 9" into
the enlarged end of the receiving pipe m¹.
The cistern as described is arranged upon the principle of the bird fountain, as.
when the oil in the small chamber ³, has descended to a given level in it, an air
bubble can pass through the hole and ascend to the upper part of the interior of the
closed cistern g.
The dropping of the drops of oil is thus easily made uniform and at the speed
required.

page_text: Fig. 11 illustrates a mechanical "dropper" for supplying combustible liquid,
which may be used in place of the arrangements described by reference to Figs. 9
and 10.
There is an open chamber g³, in place of the chamber q³, Figs. 9 and 10, and
between this chamber there is a communication q², (shown in dotted line) between
it and the cistern q, and there is a hole qt, in the casting, that communicates with
the upper end of a pipe q, leading to the pipe m', the tap 9, being dispensed with.
On the side of the chamber 3, there is a bearing for a shaft q', having a disc 18
secured at its inner end, in which there may be two or more pins q³, at equal
distance apart.
Each pin q, may have one or more wires qª, suspended upon it, and these wires
dip into the liquid, which fills the chamber q³, to a level shown by the line qb.
When the disc 78, is rotated the lower ends of the dippers q", come in succession
against an inclined pin q, secured in the side of the chamber, which scrapes from
it a drop of liquid, which drops into the receiver qd, below, which conveys it to the
passage communicating with the pipe q'.
The disc 98, is or may be rotated by an endless band at the required speed
working on one of the grooves of the grooved pulley 7, and driven from the
pulley, or other convenient rotating part of the engine.
Fig. 12, is a sectional elevation of another modification for supplying combustible
fluid.
73, is a chamber communicating by a hole (92) (not shown) with a cistern similar
to that shown in Figs. 9, 10 and 11.
In the chamber ³, there is a seating for a valve, and from the seating there is a
pipe, similar to the pipe q³, Figs. 9, 10 and 11..
9', is the valve fitting the seating connected with the lower end of a rod 98,
jointed at its upper end to one end of a beam lever q, having its fulcrum q, on a
stand or bracket, the other end of the lever q³, is slotted for a stud b, to allow it to
be adjusted nearer to or further from pins q, projecting from the side of a rotary
wheel, which wheel may be the spur wheel j.
The adjustable stud qb, is on one side of the lever and towards the pins 9º, and as
the wheel rotates, the pins qº, come against the stud qb, in succession, and act to
lift and hold up the valve q', for a moment, the time the valve is held up will vary
according to the distance of the stud qb, from the ends of the pin ye, and the length
of the arm of the lever q³, carrying the stud 9.
There may be one or more pins q, in the wheel j.
Or the end of the lever q³, may be depressed by the end of an adjustable set
screw in an arm secured in one side of the lower end of the connecting rod f³, or
upper end of the rod 9, for the displacer, the set screw being in such position, and
so adjusted that it will just touch and depress the end of the lever when the
displacer arrives at its lowest position and this lifts and opens the valve for a
moment, the weight at the valve end of the lever alone or assisted by an added
weight or spring causing the valve to close again when the end of the set screw
ceases to depress that end of the lever q³, upon which it acts.
d', is a hinged door at the bottom of the combustion chamber d, through which a
lamp or other heater or combustible material may be passed to heat up the burner,
and ignite the escaping oil or vapour, or mixed air and oil vapour when the burner
is to be started.
The fly wheel shaft h, is oiled from an oil cup 1º, having a small tap to regulate
the flow of oil to the bearing, and from the same oil cup h³, there is or may be a
pipe also having a tap to regulate the flow of the oil, such pipe conveying the oil to
the inside of the power cylinder f, to lubricate its piston f*.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is.
1. In hot air engines, the construction of the power cylinder (ƒ) and stand or

page_text: bracket for the fly wheel and gearing in one casting, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
2. In hot air engines, the connection of the connecting rod of the displacer with
a crank pin on an arm from the crank pin for the power piston, substantially as
hereinbefore described.
3. In hot air engines, the combination of the chambers d, and d¹, with the displacer
cylinder substantially as and for the purpose herein before described.
4, The combination, arrangement and construction of the parts of hot air engines
namely, the chambers d, and d', displacer cylinders, displacer hollow table plate,
power cylinder and piston, and the connection of the displacer and power piston
with the cranks and fly wheel shafts, substantially as herein before described and
illustrated by the drawings.
5. The arrangement and combination of the lever by which the cords or ropes
from the punkahs are to be worked with the crank pin for actuating it and the mode
of securing the cords or ropes to the lever, substantially as herein before described
and illustrated by the drawings.
6. The combination with hot air engines of self-generating gas or vapour burners
substantially as herein before described and illustrated by the drawings.
7. In hot air engines, the combinations and arrangements by which oil or
combustible liquids are or may be supplied drop by drop to the self-generating gas
or vapour burner, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by Figs. 9,
10, 11 and 12 of the drawings.
8. The use and combination with hot air engines of a fan or equivalent blower
for supplying air to self-generating gas or vapour burners, substantially as herein-
before described and illustrated by the drawings.
9. The combination of apparatus with hot air engines by which air is supplied
to and heated by the self-generating gas or vapour burner substantially as herein-
before described and illustrated by the drawings.
10. The combination and arrangement of hot air engines with fan or equivalent
means for supplying and heating air and vaporizing oil or combustible liquid
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by the drawings.
Dak: T…lah dew of August 1893
PETER J. LIVSEY,
Agent.