CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MODE OF MAKING AND WORKING BELLOWS
Year: 1811

page_text: by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-first
day of May, in the fifty-first year of His reign, give and grant unto me,
John Street, of Hillfield Place, Clifton, in the County of Gloucester, Esquire,
my exors, admors, and assigns, His Majesty's special license, full power,
sole privilege and authority, that I, the said John Street, my exors, adiñiors,
and assigns, during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MODE OF MAKING AND WORKING BELLOWS" within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed; in which said Letters Patent
there is contained a proviso, that if I, the said John Street, should not
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, and cause the same to be enrolled in His Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within two calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent, that then the said Letters Patent
should cease, determine, and become void, as in and by the said Letters
Patent, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW, in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said John Street, do
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in

page_text: what manner the same is to be performed, by this instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, in manner following, that is to say :-
My said Invention contains two methods, distinct from each other.
The first of them is ascertained by the Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9
in the Drawings or Sketches herein-after contained or hereunto annexed, and
the following description thereof.
Figure 1 is a vertical section, Fig. 2 a horizontal section, and Figure 3 a
side section of the first method, and the same letters denote the same parts in
cach of those Figures. A, A, is a hollow trunk or vessel, air and water tight,
made of wood, metal, or other suitable material or materials, and of a semi-
circular or any other convenient form. B, B, (represented in Figure 1 by dotted
ines,) is a partition across the vessel of wood or other material, extending from
the top of the vessel or trunk about two-thirds down the middle, thus dividing
the upper part of the vessel into two equal compartments, and leaving a
passage below for the water (which occupies the bottom of the vessel, as
kerein-after mentioned,) to pass from one compartment to the other.
On one
side of the vessel, near the top, and on each side of the partition B, B, are
affixed the two valves C and D, one on each side of B, opening outwards from
the vessel and into the cylinder or tube E, E. The cylinder E, E, is made
strong, of wood or metal, and of such a size as to include the valves C and D,
its outside resting and working upon the support H, and projecting beyond the
support II, so as to work close but free in the nozzle or other pipe L, herein-
after mentioned. On the opposite side of the vessel the pin I, Figure 2 and 3,
is placed, whose center must coincide with the .center of the cylinder E, E.
This pin rests on and works in the support K. The pipe L (which is re-
presented in Figures 2 and 3 but not in Figure 1) is fixed to the support H by
the haunches and screws 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, in such a manner as to receive the pro-
jecting end of the cylinder E, E, and this junction is made air-tight by means
of leather or other substance, but so as to allow the cylinder E, E, to move
backwards and forwards on its centre. On each side of the valve C and D,
and on the same side of the trunk or vessel A, A, with those valves are placed
the two air valves and G, opening inwards, which are larger than the
valves C and D; they may also be put on the opposite side or at the ends
of the said trunk or vessel. In large machines or bellows two or more
weights O, P, or a rim T of sufficient weight is applied, so as to balance the
machine on its centre before the water is introduced. The machine is worked
by the levers M, N, or by a wheel or winch at T, to which the hand or any of
the usual moving powers may be applied. R, R, S, S, are cheeks so placed
as to prevent the machine from being too much depressed, and thereby forcing

page_text: the water thro' the cylinder E and the nose or other pipe; or, for greater
security against this accident, the two valves C and D may be put on the top
of the trunk or vessel, as shown in the plan, Figure 4, and side section,
Figure 5, where these valves are covered by the bent tube or syphon E, L,
and the machine or bellows works on the two pins I, I. The center of the
horizontal part of the tube L coinciding with the centers of the said pins I, I,
water is poured into the vessel at either of the valves F and G, so as to risc
about threo or more inches above the bottom of the partition B, as at W, W,
and should be constantly kept above or about that height, which may be
known by the cock V, placed at the said height W, W.
Now the operation of the machine or bellows in this first method is as
follows: One side being depressed, as for instance, the side M, the air in
the space A is forced by the resistance of the water thro' the valve C into the
cylinder E and pipe L, while the air is admitted into the opposite side by
the valve G; the other side N being then depressed, the air therein accumu
lated is in like manner, forced thro' the valve D, and so on alternately.
The air is thus forced in nearly a continued blast either immediately to the
forge or furnace by the nose pipe L, or into an air vault or water regulator
when greater certainty is required.
The machine or bellows in this first method may also be constructed in the
following manner :-Figures 6 and 9 are vertical sections; Figure 7, a hori-
zontal view; and Figure 8 a side view, and the same letters denote the same
parts in each of these 4 Figures. A, B, is the hollow trunk or vessel, made
semicircular, or in the form shewn at Figure 9, or in any other convenient
shape, forming an inverted syphon; but in this trunk the partition in the
machine before described is removed, the interior surface E, Q, F, Figure 6,
preventing the communication between the two air compartments S and T.
The two large air valves opening inwards are placed near the top of each end
at C and D, or on the sides, as may be most convenient. Near the top of
cach end are placed the two pipes or tubes E, F, proceeding horizontally and
nearly in the directions shewn in Figure 7 to the box H, I, G, K; the ends
of these tubes are closed by the two valves G, K, opening inwards into the
box H, I, G, K, as shewn at G, Figure 8, the top of which box takes o!f.
To this box is attached the nose or other pipe L, to convey the blast to the
forge or furnace, air vault or water regulator, as before mentioned. The ends
of the trunk A, B, are connected by the cross piece M, thro' which passes the
axis N, which rests on the two upright pieces O, P, and is worked in the same
manner as the machine before described. The center of the axis N must
coincide with that of the pipe L. Water is introduced so as to be about three

page_text: inches (or more, in proportion to the force wanted,) above the bend Q,
Figure 6, of the vessel, which is known by the cock R. A heavy rim or
weights to balance the machine on its centre may be applied, as in the first-
mentioned machine.
The other of the two methods which my said Invention contains is
ascertained by the Sectional Figure 10, in the Drawing or Sketches com-
prized in the margin of these Presents, and the following description thereof:-
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, represent a double cylinder or vessel forming a cistern,
and made of wood, metal, or other suitable materials, water-tight. The
height of the inner cylinder or vessel C, D, E, is about two-thirds of that of
the outer cylinder or vessel A, B, F, G, and its diameter is about one-ninth
part less than that of the outer cylinder or vessel A, B, F, G, so as to leave
a space all around of 3 or more inches between them, and allow full play
for the action of the upper cylinder or vessel H, I, K. This upper cylinder
or vessel is open at one end and inverted in the cistern A, B, C, D, F, G, and
is air-tight except at the inverted end, and is made of cast iron or other
metal, wood, earthenware, or any suitable material; or the top II may be
made of wood, and the rim or cylinder J, K, of metal. The diameter of this
inverted vessel is somewhat less than that of the outer cylinder A, B, F, G,
so that a space is left all around of about an inch between them, and the
inverted vessel when in action does not touch either cylinder. From the
center of the inner vessel or cylinder proceeds an air vessel or pipe I, K, M, L,
bent at K and M, and having the nozzle pipe or hose affixed at L, by which
the blast is conveyed to the forge, furnace, air vault, or water regulator, as in
the before-mentioned machines. The end I rises about 3 inches, or any con-
venient height, above the cylinder at D. At the bend M, K, a large air valve
is placed, opening inwards; or this valve may be placed in the upper part
of H, I, K, as at Z. The top H of the upper cylinder has the stem O affixed
to its centre, which is attached to the lever P, either by the sector and
chains Q, or by any usual method, and the machine rests on two or more
supports R, S.
Now the operation of the machine or bellows in the second method is as
follows: Water being poured into the cistern A, B, F, G, so as to cover the
surface D of the inner cylinder about one inch, the upper cylinder is raised
by the lever I', V, and the space T is filled with air thro' the valve N,
(or Z) and pipe or air vessel K, I. The cylinder I being then left to itself
descends by its own weight, or by means of weights placed upon it, and drives
the air thro' the air vessel or pipe I, K, M, L, to the forge, furnace, air
vault, or water regulator. The strength of the blast depending on the weight

page_text: of the inverted cylinder or vessel II, may be increased or diminished at pleasure
by adding to or substracting from the weight thereof; and should the weight
of the cylinder itself be too great for the required blast, counterweights must
be hung on the lever P, V, beyond the center, as at V.
In furnaces where a continual blast is required, two or more of these
machines should be employed, both of them connected with the same forge,
furnace, air vault, or water regulator. This Figure 10 is a good air vault
or regulátor.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Street, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Fourth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eleven