Improvements in Compound Locomotive Engines.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Mar., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 20th Nov., 1890-Accepted, 20th Dec., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Compound Locomotive Engines.
I, FREDERICK JOHN BURRELL, of the firm of Charles Burrell & Sons, Limited,
St. Nicholas Works, Thetford, in the County of Norfolk, Engineers, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In compound locomotive engines with inside cylinders the size of the low pressure
cylinder has been restricted owing to the width between the centres being ruled by
the width of the ordinary railway gauge. A low pressure cylinder and a high
pressure cylinder have been arranged side by side with their axes in a common
horizontal plane and the valve chests above, and in order to get larger cylinders
with their centres in vertical planes not farther apart, a diagonal arrangement has
been tried in which the axis of the high pressure cylinder has been in a different
horizontal plane from that containing the axis of the low pressure cylinder and the
valve chests have been outside.
Now according to my invention, in order to obtain greater power within a given
width I construct a quadruple expansion locomotive engine with four cylinders of
different sizes arranged tandem fashion, and in order to be enabled to employ a larger
low pressure cylinder than has heretofore been usual, I arrange it side by side with
the smallest or highest pressure cylinder, and connect the pistons of the two inter-
mediate pressure cylinders respectively to the piston rod of the largest or lowest
pressure cylinder and to that of the smallest or highest pressure cylinder.
The valve chests of all four cylinders are arranged outside so as to carry the
valve rods to the two cylinders on each side. By this arrangement I am enabled to
construct an engine of the ordinary 4 ft. 8 in. gauge of considerably greater power
than has been usual with compound locomotive engines as heretofore built.
The crank shaft may be at either end, but by placing it opposite the largest and
smallest cylinders the advantage is gained of being able to readily connect the
steam inlet to the initial or smallest cylinder, and the exhaust of the lowest pressure
or largest cylinder with pipes in the smokebox above them.
By causing the steam to expand in four cylinders instead of two a more even
temperature of steam in each cylinder is obtained and reduction of the initial volume
of steam enables a much smaller boiler to be employed, thus effecting considerable
saving in first cost and also in fuel when working.
By placing the two higher pressure cylinders opposite one crank and the two
lower pressure cylinders opposite the other, the same travel of valve can be utilized
for each respective pair of cylinders, merely altering the depth (or length) of the
ports to get the correct areas and thus only two sets of link motion or valve gear
are necessary as in the ordinary simple engine.
In some cases I arrange the valve chests of the four cylinders at, the top and
drive the valves by suitable kinds of gear such for example as that known as
Joy's gear.
Dated this 10th 1
SL 1000
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: Пиргоѵешения и сотроцна Locomotive Engines.
1, FREDERICK JOHN BURRELL, of the firm of Charles Burrell & Sons, Limited,
St. Nicholas Works, Thetford, in the County of Norfolk, Engineers, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
In compound locomotive engines with inside cylinders the size of the low pressure
cylinder has been restricted owing to the width between the centres being ruled by
the width of the ordinary railway gauge. A low pressure cylinder and a high
pressure cylinder have been arranged side by side with their axes in a common
horizontal plane and the valve chests above, and in order to get larger cylinders
with their centres in vertical planes not farther apart, a diagonal arrangement has
been tried in which the axis of the high pressure cylinder has been in a different
horizontal plane from that containing the axis of the low pressure cylinder and the
valve chests have been outside.
Now according to my invention, in order to obtain greater power within a given
width I construct a quadruple expansion locomotive engine with four cylinders of
different sizes arranged tandem fashion, and in order to be enabled to employ a
larger low pressure cylinder than has heretofore been usual, I arrange it side by
side with the smallest or highest pressure cylinder, and connect the pistons of the
two intermediate pressure cylinders respectively to the piston rod of the largest or
lowest pressure cylinder and to that of the smallest or highest pressure cylinder.
By placing the two higher pressure cylinders opposite one crank and the two
lower pressure cylinders opposite the other, the same travel of valve can be utilized
for each respective pair of cylinders, merely altering the depth (or length) of the
ports to get the correct areas and thus only two sets of link motion or valve gear
are necessary as in the ordinary simple engine.
In some cases I arrange the valve chests of the four cylinders at the top and
drive the valves by suitable kinds of gear such for example as that known as Joy's
gear.
The crank shaft may be at either end, but by placing it opposite the largest and
smallest cylinders the advantage is gained of being able to readily connect the
steam inlet to the initial or smallest cylinder, and the exhaust of the lowest pressure
or largest cylinder with pipes in the smokebox above them.
By causing the steam to expand in four cylinders instead of two a more even
temperature of steam in each cylinder is obtained and reduction of the initial
volume of steam enables a much smaller boiler to be employed, thus effecting con-
siderable saving in first cost and also in fuel when working.
By my invention I am enabled to construct an engine of the ordinary 4 ft. 8 in.
gauge of considerably greater power than has been usual with compound locomotive
engines as heretofore built.
The accompanying drawings illustrate a convenient arrangement of the cylinders
and valve gear in a quadruple expansion locomotive engine constructed according
to this invention.
Fig. 1 is a vertical longitudinal section through the third and fourth cylinders.
Fig. 2 is a cross section through the first and fourth cylinders on the line A B of
Figs. 1 and 4.
Fig. 3 is a cross section through the second and third cylinders on the line C D
of Figs. 1 and 4.
Fig. 4 is a sectional plan of all four cylinders, the boiler and smokebox being
omitted for the sake of clearness.
In this arrangement the steam is expanded in succession in four double acting
cylinders of different sizes viz. a first or high pressure cylinder 1, a second or 1st
intermediate pressure cylinder 2, a third or 2nd intermediate cylinder 3, and a fourth

page_text: or low pressure cylinder 4. These cylinders are hereinafter referred to as first,
second, third, and fourth cylinders respectively.
The first and fourth cylinders 1, 4 are arranged between the frames A. A' and below
the smokebox, and their pistons 1, 4, are fixed respectively on piston rods 5, 6,
acting by means of connecting rods on the cranks of the driving shaft. The second
and third cylinders 2, 3, are arranged axially in front of the first and fourth
cylinders respectively, and their pistons 2, and 3* are fixed on extensions of the
piston rods 5, 6.
The cranks are arranged at right angles to each other and inside the framing.
In the valve chests 1, 2, 3, 4 which are arranged on top of their respective
cylinders, work respectively ordinary slide valves 7, 8, 9, 10.
The slide valves 9 and 10 are actuated by a valve rod 11 common to both,
operated by means of one set of Joy's valve gear and the slide valves 7 and 8 are
similarly actuated by a common valve rod operated by means of a second set of
Joy's valve gear.
The cylinders 1, 2, 3, 4, are provided with the usual ports and passages for the
distribution of steam.
The distribution of steam to the several cylinders takes place as follows:
Steam is supplied by the steam pipe 12 to the valve chest 1 of the first cylinder 1,
whence after having been allowed by the valve 7 to act in one direction upon the
piston 1, it exhausts by a connecting pipe 13 into the valve chest 2" of the second
cylinder 2, where it is so distributed by the valve 8 as to act upon the piston 2* in
the other direction that is to say, in the same direction as the boiler steam is acting
upon the piston 1ª of the cylinder 1 during the return stroke of the said piston 1ª.
The exhaust steam passes from the cylinder 2 through an exhaust passage 14 into
the valve chest 3" whence it is distributed by the valve 9 into the cylinder 3 to act
upon the piston 3ª after which it exhausts through a connecting pipe 15 into the
valve chest 4 of the cylinder 4. The exhaust steam from the cylinder 3, admitted
by the valve 10 into the cylinder 4, acts upon the piston 4, and finally the steam
escapes from the cylinder 4 through an exhaust passage 16 and the usual exhaust
pipe 17 to the chimney 18.
The valve chests of all four cylinders may be arranged outside so as to carry the
valve rods to the two cylinders on each side.
This arrangement of quadruple expansion locomotive engine is illustrated in plan
in Fig. 5, from which it will be seen that the valve chests of each of the cylinders
extends through the side frames A A', the pair of slide valves for cylinders 1 and 2,
and also the pair for cylinders 3 and 4 being each driven by ordinary link motion
and eccentrics arranged outside the frames as shewn. In other respects the relative
arrangement of the several cylinders, pistons and crank shaft is similar to that of
the engine hereinbefore described with reference to and shewn in Figs. 1 to 4
inclusive.
It will be evident that by making the two intermediate cylinders 2 and 3 of the
same size, admitting exhaust steam from cylinder 1 simultaneously into both from
a steam chest common to them and exhausting both of these intermediate cylinders
into the steam chest of cylinder 4, the expansion of the steam in the intermediate
cylinders will be effected in one stage.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1. A compound locomotive engine having the hereinabove described arrangement
of four cylinders namely the smallest or high pressure cylinder and the largest or
low pressure cylinder side by side with their axes parallel, the two intermediate
pressure cylinders also side by side with their axes parallel, the axis of the one
being in line with that of the high pressure cylinder and the axis of the other in
line with that of the low pressure cylinder, and the pistons of each of the tandem
pairs of cylinders thus formed being caused to act by means of a common piston

page_text: rod on one of two cranks arranged at right angles to each other and located inside
the framing of the engine as set forth.
2. A. quadruple expansion locomotive engine having the four cylinders, their
pistons, valves, and other parts arranged as shewn in and described with reference
to Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive of the drawings annexed.
3. A quadruple expansion locomotive engine having the four cylinders, their
pistons, valve chests and valves and other parts arranged as shewn in and described
with reference to Fig. 5 of the drawings annexed.
Dated this 15th day of November 1890.
FREDK. J. BURRELL.
W. Lloyd Wise,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.