CERTAIN. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF OVENS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FUEL TERMED COKE,' OIL, AND GAS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Young, of Aspull, in the County of
-
Lancaster, for the Invention of "CERTAIN. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF OVENS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FUEL
TERMED COKE,' OIL, AND GAS."
Sealed the 17th October 1868, and dated the 6th May 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Young at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th May 1868.
I, JOHN YOUNG, of Aspull, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF OVENS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FUEL
TERMED 'COKE,' OIL, AND GAS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a novel arrangement and construction of
oven to be employed in the manufacture of "coke," mineral oil, and
gas, and consists,―
First. In constructing or arranging the oven with a dome roof and
furnace beneath the floor of the oven, and the flues so applied that
the temperature may be raised sufficiently high to distil the oil from the

page_text: coal, to separate the gas, and to leave the residue "coke," which con-
struction of oven is to be employed in combination with a casing or
cover enclosing the dome, through which cavity the waste heat passes
as it proceeds from the fire to the chimney; by this means the roof
of the oven is kept heated, which prevents condensation of the oil and
vapours within, and which are thereby kept in a liquid state until drawn
off, and the interior action of the oil by the admission of atmospheric
air, which often enters through the brickwork of the ordinary single
roof, is prevented.
Secondly. The improvements consist in placing or applying the outlet
pipe for drawing off the gas and vapours at the side of the oven and as
low as possible, so that it is above or clear of the charge of coal, whereby
the oil and vapours pass away as soon as they rise to the surface of the
coal and at a low temperature, which improves the quantity and quality
of the products.
Thirdly. The improvements consist in the use and application of any
known exhausting apparatus to assist in abstracting the gas, oil, and
vapours from the oven.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Young in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 6th November 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
YOUNG, of Aspull, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Young, Her special license that
I, the said John Young, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said John Young, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-

page_text: STRUCTION OF OVENS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FUEL TERMED
COXE, OIL, AND GAS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said John Young, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Young, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings
hereunto annexed :-
My Invention relates to a novel arrangement and construction of oven
to be employed in the manufacture of "coke," mineral oil, and gas, and
consists,―-
First. In constructing or arranging the oven with a dome roof and
a furnace beneath the floor of the oven, and the flues so applied that
the temperature may be raised sufficiently high to distil the oil from
the coal, to separate the gas, and to leave the residue "coke," which
construction of oven is to be employed in combination with a casing
or cover enclosing the dome, through which cavity the waste heat passes
as it proceeds from the fire to the chimney; by this means the roof of
the oven is kept heated, which prevents condensation of the oil and
vapours within, and which are thereby kept in a liquid state until drawn
off, and the deterioration of the oil by the admission of atmospheric air,
which often enters through the brickwork of the ordinary single roof, is
prevented.
Secondly. The improvements consist in placing or applying the outlet
pipe for drawing off the gas and vapours at the side of the oven and as
low as possible, so that it is above or clear of the charge of coal, whereby
the oil and vapours pass away as soon as they rise to the surface of the
coal and at a low temperature, which improves the quantity and quality
of the products.
Thirdly. The improvements consist in the use and application of an
exhausting apparatus to assist in abstracting the gas, oil, and vapours
from the oven.

page_text: In order that the Invention may be better understood and explained
in detail I have hereunto attached a Sheet of Drawings illustrations of
same, in which Fig. 1 is a horizontal section of the retort showing the
floor broken to exhibit the arrangement of the 'flues and the furnace F.
The heat from the furnace passes under the floor along the passages
A, A, A, A, into the vertical flue B, by which it ascends to the casing
flue on the roof of the retort. The opening L in the centre of the roof
is for charging the retort from the railway above.
Fig. 2 shews a vertical section of the retort with the lower and upper
flues and the position of the off-take pipe P. Q is the pipe for leading
the waste gas. into the furnace as fuel, and R is the pipe whereby the
gas is introduced back into the retort to displace the newly formed
oil vapours. The large opening T is for the removal of the coke.
Both the openings L and T are closed with iron doors carefully
luted.
Having thus described the nature and object of my said Invention,
together with the manner in which the same is to be or may be
performed, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself to
the precise details herein described; but what I claim is, the con-
struction of an oven retort capable of manufacturing coke, oil, and gas in
one operation, and for the manufacture of good oil and coke by with-
drawing the former as formed, and hardening the latter by protracted
contact with the returned gas.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Young, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Fifth day of November, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-eight.
Witnessed by
GEORGE DAVIES, C.E.,
Office for Patents,
4, St. Ann's Square,
Manchester.
JOHN YOUNG. (L.S.)