Improved Machinery for Cutting Square or Approximately Square Holes.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 14th July, 1890
Complete Specification Left, 14th Apr.. 1891-Accepted, 16th May, 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Machinery for Cutting Square or Approximately
Square Holes.
I HARRY FRANCIS AINLEY of 2 Kenmure Road, Hackney in the County of
Middlesex, Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to improvements on Patents obtained by me in conjunction
with Albert Charles Oakes, No. 8688 of 1888, and No. 1019 of 1890, in which
a revolving cutter is controlled by a pair of templates or their equivalent, and
thereby made to cut a hole of a form corresponding with that of the templates, or
controlled by the templates.
I now propose, instead of giving the cutter spindle a lateral movement while in
rotation, controlled by a pair of templates or their equivalent, to suspend the cutter
spindle from a fixed point, and, while it is rotating, to give it an oscillating motion
by means of a template, whereby the cutter carried by the spindle will describe
on and in the work a figure corresponding to the control of the template.
The cutter spindle I connect by means of a hinge to a short vertical spindle,
having its bearing in a fixed bracket, and upon this virtual extension of the cutter
spindle, I fit a drum to receive a driving belt for imparting rotary motion to the
cutter spindle.
The pendent spindle has affixed to it a slide, which plays in a slot in a horizontal
disc, and acts as a driver to that disc, when the motion is communicated to the
machine as above stated. On the face of this disc are guides for carrying a slide
that extends beyond the disc, and is furnished at its extremity with an antifriction
bowl. This slide, which overlies the centre of the disc, is pierced with a hole to
allow of the insertion through it of the pendent cutter spindle, and of the free
rotation of the spindle in the hole of the slide, as in a bearing. The bowl of this
slide enters the groove of a fixed template, which underlies the disc, and as the
spindle rotates and drives round the disc, the bowl of the slide will be caused to
travel in the groove of the fixed template, and thus give an endway motion to the
slide. This endway traverse of the slide will impart an oscillating motion to
the cutter spindle, and thus the motion of the revolving cutter will be controlled,
and caused to cut a hole of the form desired.
In the case of the bracket bearing in which the driving spindle rotates being a
fixture on the framing, I apply a feed screw to the top of the spindle, fitting the
driving drum to the spindle by a feather. Or the bracket bearing may move down
to produce the feed, and in that case the drum will be of sufficient length to allow
the driving band to slip on the drum, so as to preserve its horizontality during the
descent of the cutter spindle.
The template in which the antifriction bowl runs, is carried by a bracket, which
will either follow the downward movements of the cutter spindle, or may be
adjusted to vary the amount of oscillating motion of the cutter spindle.
This latter arrangement I propose to adopt, to vary the size of the hole to be
cut without changing the template.
It will now be understood that, on rotary motion being imparted to the cutter
spindle, the tool will describe on the work the figure of the hole which it is intended
to cut.
Dated this 14th day of July 1890
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Machinery for Cutting Square or Approximately
Square Holes.
I, HARRY FRANCIS AINLEY of 2 Kenmure Road, Hackney in the County of
Middlesex, Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements on Patents obtained by me in conjunction
with Albert Charles Oakes, No. 8688 of 1888, and No. 1019 of 1890, in which a
revolving cutter is controlled by a pair of templates, or their equivalent, and
thereby made to cut a hole of a form corresponding with that of the templates, or
controlled by the templates.
I now propose, instead of giving the cutter spindle a lateral movement while in
rotation, controlled by a pair of templates or their equivalent, to suspend the cutter
spindle from a fixed point, and while it is rotating, to give it an oscillating motion
by means of a template, whereby the cutter carried by the spindle will describe on
and in the work a figure corresponding to the control of the template.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1 shews in side elevation my improved machine for cutting square or
approximately square holes.
Fig. 2 represents the cutter spindle detached from the machine, but fitted to the
parts from which it receives its oscillating motion, such parts being carried by an
adjustable bracket.
Fig. 3 represents these parts in plan view, together with the adjustable bracket.
Figs. 4 shew the template detached in plan view and cross section.
Figs. 5 shew in inverted plan view and section, the slide to which the cutter
spindle is fitted, the means for carrying the same, and the bowle which works in the
template, for the purpose of producing the oscillating motion of the cutter spindle;
and,
Fig. 6 is a diagram plan illustrating the means for obtaining the requisite figure
for the template, to suit the size of hole desired to be cut.
In Figure 1, A is a casting forming the base and bracket standard of the
machine. The front face of this standard is planed to receive the sliding head-
stock B, which is itself faced to receive a sliding bracket B adjustable on the
headstock, for the purpose to be hereafter explained.
In the headstock B is mounted the pendent cutter spindle which carries the
cutter C. This spindle is composed of two parts, D D', hinged together to allow
of the oscillation of the part D.
Both parts D and D are grooved to allow of their traversing, endwise, the
part D', through the extended boss of the bevil wheel d which drives it, and the
part D, through a boss e pivotted loosely to a horizontal slide E.
This slide (see Figs. 2, 3, and 5) is carried in slots in a rebated ring F, which is
mounted securely in the adjustable bracket B' of the headstock B, and is free to
rotate therein.
The cutter spindle is suspended from the upper arm of the headstock B by means
of lock nuts taking into a screw thread, cut on the part D' of the spindle, the
tightening of which nuts will hold in contact with the underside of the arm, a collar
formed on the lower end of the part D¹ of the spindle.
Affixed to the bracket B', and immediately below the slide E, is the template G,
having a suitably shaped groove for the reception of a bowle e¹ mounted on the
under side of the slide E.
The cutter C, which fits into a socket provided to receive it in the spindle D, is
fed down to its work by hand. For this purpose, a stationary screw H is provided,
which enters a threaded lug projecting from the headstock, and is free to turn in a
bracket bolted to the side of the standard A, and held in place by collars.
A hand wheel fitted to the head of this screw, enables the attendant to lower

page_text: he headstock together with the spindle, the side, ring, and comprav
work proceeds.
I is a vertically sliding table on which the work is made fast, when adjusted to
receive the cut.
This table is free to slide in guides on the face of the standard A, and it is
supported by a screw i, which projects downwards into a hollow pillar standing up
from the base of the casting A.
is a hand wheel resting on the pillar, and capable of raising or lowering the
table to suit the thickness of the work placed thereon.
The head of the bracket standard is bored out horizontally to receive a driving
shaft K, which carries, at one end, a set of band pulleys. To the other end of this
shaft is keyed a bevil pinion k, which gears into the bevil wheel d, formed with an
elongated boss, which has its bearing in, and is pendent from the head of the
standard A, the boss being provided with a collar which rests upon its support.
It is through this boss, which is formed with a feather, that the upper part D' of
the cutter spindle passes, the feather entering a longitudinal groove in the shaft.
Supposing now the headstock to be properly adjusted for the cutter to reach its
work on the table, and rotary motion to be imparted through one or other of
the band pulleys to the shaft K, the cutter spindle D will receive, thro' the
gearing k d, rotary motion, and by reason of the connection of the spindle with
the pivotted boss e of the slide E through the feather and groove before mentioned,
rotary motion will be imparted to the slide E also, the ring F in which the slide is
fitted, moving for that purpose freely in its bearing.
As however the bowle of the slide E dips into the stationary template G, that
bowle will be caused to travel in the groove of the template, and thereby impart an
endway motion to the rotary slide.
The effect of this movement of the slide will be to cause the cutter spindle to
oscillate while rotating, and make the edge of the cutter to describe a figure in the
As the
work corresponding to the form and size of the hole desired to be cut.
work proceeds the attendant will, by means of the hand wheel h on the stationary
screw H, cause the headstock to lower the cutter as the work proceeds, until the
required depth of cut has been reached.
A reverse motion then applied to the hand wheel will raise the cutter clear of
the work.
I have said that the bracket B¹ of the headstock is made adjustable. This is
for the purpose of varying the amount of oscillation to be given to the cutter
spindle.
As the template is raised nearer to the hinged coupling of the spindle, an
increase of the oscillation of the rotating spindle will result, and, on the contrary,
when the template is lowered, the amount of oscillation will correspondingly
decrease.
It is to provide for this, that the bracket B' is made adjustable on the headstock.
It is supported in guides on the headstock by means of a screw b, pendent from a
bracket of the headstock, and entering a tapped hole in the bracket B¹.
The screw is secured to its bracket by a hand wheel above the bracket, and a
collar below it.
A scale is formed on the side of the headstock to facilitate the adjustment of the
parts that control the oscillations of the cutter spindle to any desired position, the
movement being effected by turning the handwheel b³.
I find in practice that this adjustment of the oscillations of the cutter spindle, to
suit the cutting of larger holes than the normal size, should be limited, and that
any large departure from the normal size is best attained by changing the template ;
the scale on the headstock will shew the utmost limit of variation desirable, and
will apply alike to all the varieties of template that may be used.
It now only remains to explain how the figure for the template is to be obtained.
This may be done by the use of an instrument such as that illustrated by the
diagram Fig. 6.

page_text: cut.
On a table 1 is placed a pattern 2, of the size and form of hole or socket to be
This pattern carries a central pivot pin 3, and fitting this pivot pin is a
slotted bar 4, carrying on its underside a stud 5, and at or near its extremity a
marker 6.
By holding the stud of this bar against the edge of the pattern 2, and causing
the marker 6 to travel around the pattern, a figure will be described by the marker
on the table corresponding to the template required for oscillating the cutter
spindle, to produce holes of the size and shape of the pattern, when the template is
set in its lowest position.
When templates of various sizes are required to suit large varieties of work, it
will only be necessary to vary the size of the pattern, and the instrument will
describe the figure of the template required to produce the required variation in the
work.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. The arrangement of machinery above described in which an oscillating
rotating cutter spindle is used, controlled by a rotating slide, and a fixed template
for cutting square or approximately square holes.
2. The means described for varying the amount of oscillation of the cutter
spindle without a change of template.
Dated this 14th day of Anril 1891
NEWTON & SON,
. Agents for the Applicant.