AN APPA- BATUS OR MACHINERY FOR MEASURING OF DISTANCES; ASCERTAINING OF ALTITUDES AND DESCENTS, OR TAKING OR OBTAINING THE EXACT DIMENSIONS OF LAND, BUILDINGS, TIMBER, AND OTHER OBJECTS, BODIES, OR ARTICLES, AT ANY DISTANCE FROM ONE STATION, AND AT ONE VIEW, IN A MORE ACCURATE AND CONCISE MANNER THAN BY ANY OTHER INSTRUMENT OR METHOD NOW IN USE, AND WHICH APPARATUS OR MACHINERY IS APPLICABLE TO A GREAT VARIETY OF OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1795

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
HEWLINGS, of the Parish of Saint Mary Magdalen, Bermondsey, in the County
of Surrey, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did by:
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Ninth day of December, in the thirty-sixth year of His
reign, give and grant unto me, the said Edward Hewlings, His especial
licence that I, the said Edward Hewlings, during the term of years therein
mentioned, should and lawfully might use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "AN APPA-
BATUS OR MACHINERY FOR MEASURING OF DISTANCES; ASCERTAINING OF ALTITUDES
AND DESCENTS, OR TAKING OR OBTAINING THE EXACT DIMENSIONS OF LAND, BUILDINGS,
TIMBER, AND OTHER OBJECTS, BODIES, OR ARTICLES, AT ANY DISTANCE FROM ONE
STATION, AND AT ONE VIEW, IN A MORE ACCURATE AND CONCISE MANNER THAN BY ANY
OTHER INSTRUMENT OR METHOD NOW IN USE, AND WHICH APPARATUS OR MACHINERY
IS APPLICABLE TO A GREAT VARIETY OF OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES;" in which said
Letters Patent there is contained a proviso, obliging me the said Edward
Hewlings, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to cause a
particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within one calendar month after the date of the said recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, relation being thereunto had, may more fully
and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Edward Hewlings do hereby declare that my said Invention, is described
in the Drawings hereunto annexed, and the description thereof hereunder
written.
Drawing 1st., Fig. 1 represents the table made of ivory, bone, wood, or
brass, or any other metal or composition of metal, or any other material, which
is to be fixed or fastened on the stand, Fig. 2, by means of the moveable
vertical ball and socket A in a perpendicular position, for the the ascertaining of
altitudes, amplitudes, azimuths, latitude and longitude, at any hour or minuto
in the day, in foggy or cloudy weather, the sun not shining bright enough for
reflection. A in Fig. 1 is a fixed telescope, to be applied to the horizon by
the assistance of levels, and to bo fixed, so that the left hand side of the index
shall cut the first division of base K. B is a moveable vertical telescope,
turning on a swivel, to be fixed on the centre of the angle or table C of
proportions, which being worked round upon the degrees or proportions from
any distance will give tho altitude, amplitude, azimuth, latitude and longitude,
by the elevation and depression of angles, allowing for. the declination of the
sun, revolution of the moon and stars, variation of the compass, and the
height you be above the horizon from the. departure, for which. purpose a
mariners compass must be used. C is a table of proportions of feet, yards,
links, perches, chains, furlongs, miles, degrees, &c., or may be divided
into any other required proportion. D are inches or degrees, giving the
ascent or descent of any object at any distance, being in proportion to 'a
foot ench. E is a reflecting: quadrant, having degrees and, certain pro
portions as on C; for the purpose of giving angles, altitudes, amplitudes,
azimuths, latitude, and longitude. F is a quadrant with minutes and degrees,
and tables as on C, to show, as above expressed, to any extent; F, F; tho
last minutes or degrees on base K to work with quadrant F; G shews, the
sun's declination; the days of the year, with their declination, are made to
slide occasionally on the degrees of the declination of the sun from any.
departure, allowing for the variation of the compass, declination, of the sun,
revolution of the moon, &c., which shows the longitude and latitude, having
four different slides for the four different quarters of the year;'and by taking an.
observation, gives the number of miles you-havo sailed from your departure. The
fixed telescope A being upon the horizon, and applied to the sun, at noon day,
being the meridian, the vertical telescope will, perform, as above mentioned, by
depression. The table, Fig. 1, is then to be placed horizontally on the moveable.
ball and socket. A in Fig. 2, and adjusted by three or more screws, two whereof
B, B only aro scon, with the case a to slide up to strengthen the socket for the

page_text: purpose of measuring land, growing timber, houses, buildings, vessels, articles,
and distances. K is the base, whereon are divisions N° 1, 2, 8, for measuring
different distances. N° 1 measures from feet to degrees, or to any other
extent; N° 2 five links at a time to eight chains, or to any other extent;
N° 3 from one perch at a time to the extent of a mile, or any other extent the
angle may be set to, and when upon a larger scale will be figured according to
the dimensions required. For measuring a field, fix yourself in that part of
the field where you can best see the boundary, not moving from the place till
you have taken the dimensions thereof, send a person, with a ball or round
piece of wood, or any other proper thing, one half black and the other white,
fixed upon a staff or stand, round the field going in and out at every nook
and corner, leaving marks as he goes on. The first distance must be taken
from one of the four points in order to map it, using a compass and levels for
that purpose. The fixed telescope A is to be set to the object, and to cut the
side of it so that the least glimmer of light only can be perceived between the
hair of the telescope and the black part of the object; then slide telescope H
along the grooves L, L, which is made to slide easy along the grooves by
means of small wheels adapted to the purpose, and when at its proper station
it is kept tight to the base K by means of springs and small wheels to within
twenty divisions of the fixed telescope A, being division 2 on base K, and fix it
by a wedge, forcing the index against the brass placed there for that purpose,
to cut the object in the same manner as télescope a cuts it at one hundred
links or one chain's distance, and for any other distance slide the telescope
backwards or forwards, and the divisions No 2, on the base K, will give the
distance, five links at a time to the number of eight hundred, or it may be
made to any extent whatever. The divisions N° 1, 2, 3 on base K will be
marked when on a larger scale. I is a sliding telescope for measuring
distances, perches, furlongs, miles, degrees, &c. to any extent. To find the
angles between any two stations, turn the telescope B round to one station,'
the fixed telescope A pointing to the other; look on Table C for the angle
according to its distance, and the shortest distance of the two stations gives the
angle. Suppose, for instance, the first station to be six chains, the next station:
seven, the angle three by the side of the index, the telescope B is on upon:
table C according to the distance, one chain being left on the second station'
forms another angle of itself, then the three chains that were the angle become
the perpendicular for the one chain base over and above the 'six, as thus,'

page_text: taken in the same manner, and may be extended to any length, so that you
may take a mile's distance or angle by the proportions of tablo C, and the
divisions No 1, 2, 3 on the base K, or any other required distance or angle.
When you have got the distance and angles of the field, tables are laid down
in my book of instructions to shew the area and contents thereof. Timber,
houses, and other articles, are measured in the same manner.
After having
got the distance from the divisions N° 1, 2, 3 on base K, and the telescope B
being brought to the angle required, apply to C or D tables of proportions,
which will give the angles of any object required according to the distance.
It is to be observed that, when the telescopes are directed to earthly bodies or
objects, they must cut the object so that the least glimmer of light only is
perceivable; and for heavenly bodies the hair in the telescope must just cut
the edge of them. If a motionable body, or the person taking the observation
is in motion, it will require two people, one to keep the object in view with the
fixed telescope A, and who must, as soon as he has got it in its proper direction,
from time to time give the person with the moveable telescope notice thereof;
and when both telescopes properly cut the object at the same moment, then
look on table C on the left hand side of the index the telescopes are fixed on,
and there will be the distance.
Fig. 2 is the stand on which Fig. 1 is placed, either perpendicular or
horizontal.
Fig. 3 is a scale shewing upon what principle distances at sight are found.
Fig. 4 is a circle, quadrant, or semicircle, and may be made of different
sizes, of ivory, bone, wood, or metal, or botli, or composition of metal, or any
other proper material, with or without the sun's declination, with 860 degrees
marked thercon, having two sights A, A, fixed thereon to observe when the
sun is in its meridian or south point, with a circular tube B, made of glass or
any other fit material, placed round the edge of the circle within or without
the degrees. The tube B to be filled half full with quicksilver, or any proper
spirit or liquid, so that it will rise on each side to ninety degrees, which is
half the circle, or one hundred and eighty degrees. To find the altitude,
amplitude, latitude, and longitudo, or angles of the sun, or any other object at
nuy time of the day, either by sea or land, look thro' the two sights A, A,
directed to the centre of the sun, and then look at tube B and see what
degree the quicksilver or liquid cuts, then substract that from the ninety
degrees, the remainder is the latitude and longitude, altitude or amplitude of
the sun, and the Intitude or longitude, altitudo or amplitude of any planet or
object is found in the same manner, without observing the horizon of this
earthy globe, and will also give the latitude and longitude, altitude or

page_text: amplitude of the sun, and also the planets, without seeing them, by observing
the declination or revolution thereof by the hour and minute of the day.
For instance, as the sun travels fifteen degrees an hour, which is forty-five
degrees at nine o'clock in the morning, or three o'clock in the afternoon, and
every hour varying from that is fifteen degrees more or less, and every minute
over or under is fifteen miles more or less, so by this calculation you know
the longitude and latitude, altitude or amplitude every hour and minute in the
day in foggy or cloudy weather, the sun not shining bright enough for reflec-
tion, whether you see the sun or planets or not, and likewise their latitude
and longitude from the meridian by their declination and revolution, according
to the day of the year, and will likewise give the hour of the day by its
altitude, in manner before expressed, by the assistance of the compass, the
instrument being fixed upon it in order to turn to its proper position from
your departure. When intended for surveying of land, a common compass
used by land surveyors must be made use of. A small drop of quicksilver, or
a small round ball acting upon the same principle, will have the same effect
as above expressed. When the sun is in its meridian, and the quicksilver or
other liquid is upon the level of one hundred and eighty degrees, which is
ninety degrees on each side, an index or telescope, fixed upon the centre of the
circle, with a hair or some other proper thing in it to direct to the object, and
also a hair or some other proper thing at each end of the index to slide round
on the degrees with the telescope or index on it, the quicksilver or other
liquid being kept upon .a level, direct the index or telescope to the sun at any
time of the day, and the hair or other thing in the lower part of the index
will be upon the degree of the sun's altitude, and the telescope and index will
perform the same as the quicksilver. You may take it from the centre of the
carth, which is done by adding half the semi-diameter. The days of the year,
with their declination, are made to slide occasionally on the degrees of decli-
nation of the sun from any departure, and by which means latitude and
longitude may also be found, allowing for the variation of the compass, decli-
nation of the sun, revolution of the moon and stars, and the height of the
horizon. The table of proportions C, in Fig. 1, is also put on the two south
quadrants of the circle to any extent for the purpose of taking angles,
altitudes, and amplitudes by sea and land; and also the true angle of any
two distances required. The fixed telescope A, and moveable telescope B, are
not shewn in the proper places if they have been; the table of proportions
C could not have been fully shewn. The above table and instruments may
be made of any size required.
Drawing 2d, Fig. 1, represents an instrument or machine, made of ivory,

page_text: bone, wood, or wood and brass, or any other metal or composition of metal, or
any other material. For taking the distance of objects at sight, look along
the side A till it cuts the side of the object, or to any particular mark, then
look thro' the slit on index B along the degrees or proportions to feet C, C.
Every degree is the proportion of a foot to the amount of sixty. Fig. 2
is another view of the same instrument, or machine, in a different position.
A is a hole to receive Fig. 3 the sight; by looking through the sight, Fig. 3,
to the two directors B, B, the angle will be just as wide as the per-
pendicular, which is upon the same angle at the extent, whether it be feet, or
chains, or any other distance, Fig. 14, the compass, to bo put on the top of
stand A when Fig. 4 is taken off. Fig. 4 is another view of Fig. 1, in a
different position, with a plum line attached fixed upon A by means of the
screw and joint G, for the purpose of taking the altitude of buildings, or grow-
ing timber, and must be placed horizontally, look along the bottom edge uuder
the degrees or proportions B to the object, taking notice particularly of what
part it directs to, then look upon the out side edge of C to that part of the top
of the tree that appears to be measureable timber, then fix the director D in
such a direction on I as shall cut the middle, being the girting place of the
tree, by putting the sight Fig. 3 in hole E and looking along the side of it.
The plum lino F playing upon the degrees or proportions B by means of tho
joint G, which has a motion for ascent and descent, being fixed at fifteen feet
distance, the plum line dropping upon the degrees or proportions K, gives
a foot at a time to the amount of fifty feet altitude. B is a table of propor-
tions of inches and tenths to a foot, for the purpose of taking the ascent or
descent of any object at any distance, and, being set to an object, will, by
means of the plum line dropping upon any number of inches and tenths, by
multiplying that by the fect's distance, give the ascent or descent and its alti-
tude. Fig. 5 is another view of the same instrument or machine, reversed,
A is a hole to receive the bottom part of the sight Fig. 3; put the scale Fig.
6, being of a foot length, against the tree, house, vessel, or other object, about
the height you stand from the ground, being the level, or any other length for
any other stations, making the tables in proportion, then look through the
sight, Fig. 8, to the directors B, B, drawing yourself. backwards and forwards
till the inside of the two directors cuts the edges of the white at each end of the
scale, Fig. 6, then you will bo just ten foet, from the tree, which is the lower
table on the table C for giving diameters of timber, vessels, and other objects,
and breadth of houses and buildings. The different tables marked near the end
of Table Caro different stations, and numbered 10, 15, 20, 25, 80, 85, 40, 45,
50, feet distance, every one of which must be set according to different stations

page_text: or distances, so that looking thro' Fig. 3, they may cut scale Fig. 6 in. the
same manner as ten feet. Suppose the tree, Fig. 7, to be twenty-five feet high
and you stand twenty feet from it, you have twenty feet to the height of the
tree, allowing yourself to stand five foot high, then look for the hypothenuse in
tables A, A, Fig. 8, which is twenty-eight feet three inches and four tenths,
then go to table C in Fig. 5; slide D, which has got squares of diameters
marked on it from six inches and upwards to the small divisions of six inches
near the blank of the instrument E, leaving the least perceptible light possible
between the body of the tree and the directors B, B; go to table C for adjust-
ing the exact diameter according to the aforesaid hypothenuse, then take out
sight Fig. 3, and put in Fig. 9 in hole A, then put slide N° 25 in the notch in
Fig. 9, put Fig. 3 in the hole near the divisions in slide N° 25, each division
telling a foot further distance back, as there are upwards of three feet above
the twenty-five, you must draw the slide N° 25 back till you just see the third
stroke on the nearest side of Fig. 9, then direct it to the top of the tree where
you found it to be twenty foot high above the horizon, and if you find the two
directors B, B, cut seven inches and three quarters, then it is measureable
timber which is six inches square, or very near; then go to Fig. 4 as it now
stands, with the directors in their proper places, as before expressed, take Fig. 3
out of the slide No 25, and put it in hole E, looking along the side of the
sight, Fig. 3, the instrument standing horizontal, the director D in the middle
of the angle will point out the middle of the tree or girting place, then look
for half the hypothenuse of twenty on table A, A, Fig. 8, which is twenty-
two feet four inches three-tenths, then go to table 20 on C in Fig. 5, take out
the slide No 25 and put in N° 20, take Fig. 3 out of Fig. 4 and put it in the
hole near the divisions in the slide N° 20, draw the slide back two divisions
and a very small space more, to make up the little difference of the hypo-
thenuse, you must allow for half the diameter of the tree, supposing the tree
to be two feet diameter it will be one foot, and on that account you must draw
the slide No 20 one division further back, which will make three divisions;
hold the instrument in that position, looking through sight Fig. 8, to the two
directors B, B, directing it to the middle of the tree or girting place, till the
least glimmer of light only is perceptible between the directors and the body of
the tree, then look on N° 20 on C, to see what diameter it cuts in feet and
inches, then look down on the inside of D for N° 20 on table C, and that will
shew the diameter, and D table of squares will give the square of the diameter.
The dimensions of the tree are taken at that station. The but of the tree
being unmeasured, suppose five feet, look on Table 20 on C, and what it cuts
on that table will be its diameter; supposing it to be twenty-two inches dia-

page_text: meter by five foot high, look on D, and the square will be found to be seven-
teen inches and the three-tenthis.
The following is another example:-A tree, twenty font high and forty foot
distance: look at Table A, A, in Fig. 8, for half of the hypothemuse of forty
being the top of the tree, which is forty-four feet eight inches and six-tenths,
and to be performed by N° 40, ngreeable to the rule before laid down. The
quarter of the hypothenuse will be laid down in the book of instructions and
on the instruments when made on a larger scale. The tree being twenty foot
high, and the distance, ten font, the hypothenuse will be twenty-two feet four
inches and three-tenths. Put Fig. 9 in bole A, and put the slide N° 20 into
the notch and draw it towards you till it cuts rather better than two, hold the
instruments in that position and slide D to the inches and parts on the Table 20
on C, and if it cuts seven inches and three-tenths, then it is measureable timber.
The tree being twenty foot high, the middle is ten foot. Look at Table A, A,
in Fig. 8 for the hypothenuse of ten, which will be fourteen feet one inch and
seven-tenths. Put Fig. 9 in hole A in Fig. 5; then put the side N° 10 in
the notch in Fig. 9, sliding it along till it comes to four, which makes the
fourteen feet distance; then put the sight Fig. 3 into the hole at the end of
the slide No 10, as before expressed, looking thro' sight Fig. 3 at fourteen
font distance, at the directors B, B, so that the least glimmer of light shall
appear between the directors and the body of the tree; then look on the Table
No. 10, on C, and what it cuts will be its diameter; supposing it to be twenty-
nine, look on letter D, and the diameter will be twenty-two inches and seven-
tenths. Suppose the tree to be thirty-six foot high, and the distance fifteen
oot, see Fig. 4, where the instrument is set level or upon its horizon; move
the instrument upon the joint till the plum lino cuts upon the hypothenuse
divisions 21, which makes in all thirty-six; then look at Fig. 10 for the
hypothenuse of thirty-six by fifteen, which makes thirty-nine; then look ou
N° 25, Table C, in Fig. 5, for the diameter, Fig. 9 being already in the hole A.
Take slide No 35 and place it in the notch made to receive it in Fig. 9, put
sight Fig. 3 in the hole nearest the divisions in slide No 35, and draw the
slide along till it comes upon four, being the last division. Look thro' sight
Fig. 3, between the two directors B, B, till the least glimmer of light is
perceptible on each side the tree, then on No 35, Table C, for the dimensions,
in manner before described. Suppose tho diameter to be twenty-three, the
square will be eighteen. Table C, in Fig. 5, for diameters, will be divided
into inches when made for sale, and likewise will be made on a larger
scale. The slide to be made use of according to its numbers, it being one slide
only shewed eight different ways. The breadth of houses, vessels, and all other

page_text: measureable objects, may be taken by D in Fig. 5, sliding along Table C till
the two directors B, B cut the object, as before expressed; and the table
according to the distance, setting it to the tables and making use of the slides,
will give you the breadth or diameter. Fig. 8 is another view of the same
instrument, shewn in a different position, for measuring of land. Take Fig. 4
off the stand A, and screw Fig. 14, the compass on it; place yourself in that
part of the field where you can see the boundry; take your station at one of the
most convenient of the four points in order to map it; send a person to the
point of the field with Fig. 11, having a tape betwixt the two balls twenty
links in length, setting it up at the extent of the point of the field; look thro
sight A, A, above the balls, in order to set the square to the person that uses
the instruments, and looking through from ball to ball in order to have it
parallel, put Fig. 3, the sight, into hole C, and the instrument will just cut the
two balls at one chains distance, so as to distinguish the white. Supposing
you should be at any other distance, say ono chain, thirty links, then
you must take the sight Fig. 3 out of the hole C, and put in Fig. 9; then
place the slide in Fig. 9, which will have nineteen degrees marked on
it, in a similar manner as the slide before mentioned for adjusting the
different distances of feet has four. In order to givo various distances at
five links at a time, as five times nineteen are ninety-five, set up tho
slide two chains, then nineteen degrees five links brings you up to three
chains; then set up the slide to three chains, and nineteen degreos five
links at a time brings you up to four chains; and then set it to four chains,
and nineteen degrees at five links at a time brings you up to five chains, and
so go on to eight or any other distance, by an instrument on a larger scale,
observing that you set the moveable side A to its proper mark, according to
the tables and chains numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, on Table B, and also
observing that all the dots between the chains are five links at a time. Being
at one chains distance, cutting the balls as before described, and going five
links back, which you may do by laying your chain upon the ground, standing
upon the five links over and above the chain, Fig. 9 being placed in hole C,
and the slide put in the place made to receive it. Put sight, Fig. 3, in the
hole in the slide in the same manner as for distances; for feet, draw the slide
back till the two directors D, D, cut the balls, leaving the least light as afore-
said, then mark the side of the slide with a pencil, or anything else that is
proper, retreat back to ten links from your first chain, and draw the slide back
till it cuts the balls, as above mentioned, give the slide a similar mark by the
side 9, and so keep retreating till you have marked it up to Number 90.

page_text: Then set it to two chains, and observe that it cuts the balls at the two chains
distance, as before described, then retreat five links and turn the slide to the
sido N° 2, draw it back till it cuts the balls as at two chains, so keep
retreating and marking till you have got ninety divisions on the slide. The
above method must be pursued to the extent of the number of chains intended
to bo made uso of. For measuring a field, suppose the first distance to be
oue chain thirty links, the next is one hundred, the person who carriós Fig. 11
must leave a mark at his last station, then try the angle from one hundred
links upon No 1, on Table B, and the angle is seventy-five;
Sce
the
seventy-five becomes a perpendicular, and thirty the base. Observe that
when the distance is taken, being thirty links over and above the chain, to
draw back six divisions or marks on the slide, as fivo times six are thirty,
being five links at a time. Suppose five chains seventy links and fivo chains.
Set A to the mark five chains on Table B, leaving a mark, being the first
distance. Then set the moveable side A to Tablo 5, so as to cut the balls at
twenty links breadih, by drawing slide back fourteen divisions, being five
links at a time, which makes seventy in the whole, the person leaving a
mark at the five chains seventy links, then try the angle, which may be four
chains, fifty links
being the angle at five hundred distance, five
hundred and seventy distance, and four hundred and fifty angle; for the
other angle, four hundred and fifty becomes the perpendicular or base, and
the remaining seventy is either perpendicular or base, and all angles in the
field are to be measured in the same manner, let the field be ever so
irregular. After the angles of fields are taken, I have tables to give the arca
and contents of all angles, let them be ever so irregular, laid down in my
book of instructions for demensuration, so that the area and contents will be
attained without the trouble of making a figuro, and without a chain or
moving from the place. Fig. 12 is a scale to shew upon whiat principle
distances are found at sight. Fig. 13 is for the same purpose as Fig. 11;
intended to be used in dry weather, when Fig. 11 will not penetrate the
ground, with a square sight at A over the centre, to set the balls parallel to
the person making the observation. The balls are made to slide in grooves
up to B, B on the centre, and for the greater ease in carrying, the balls and

page_text: top are made to take off at pleasure, and a ferrel being put upon the legs it
forms a walking stick. The stand A, in Fig. 4, with the compass on it, being
put into a cane and a head screwed thereon, likewiso becomes a walking
stick. All the other Figures compose but one compleat instrument, though
shown in different positions. All the figures on the instrument show them-
selves in its different positions according to their use, which renders it more
easy to be understood, and which are put in a pocket case of small dimen
sions; supposing the instrument to be made upon a foot scale, the breadth of
ten links will be sufficient. Tho stations may be mado at fifty or any other
portion of links at a time, tables being made conformable thereto. All tho
instruments above specified may be made of any proportionable size or length.
The instrument being set upon the degrees for feet according to its distance,
draw the slide along the notch in Fig. 9, just as long as the instrument is,
whether six inches, a foot, or any other length. it will then give you six inchos
diameter at any distance, so that you may easily get the diameter of the top
of a tree. Stations may be taken from 6, 12, 18, to any number, or any other
different station, tables being made for the purpose. To put the divisions on
the instrument for breadth and diameters, mark 50 feet upon a wall, putting
up a scale of one foot in the centre, stand ten foot ofl, put sight Fig. 3, in the
hole of instrument, and when the two directors cut the edge of the scale,
being one foot, mark the instrument, and open the angle till it cuts another
foot, and mark instrument again, and so on, a foot at a time, till you have got
ten feet on, then retreat five feet back at a time till you come to fifty, per-
forming, as before described, the angle, always ending the same as the dis-
tance. For chains, set up twenty links, and stand one chain off; when the
directors cut the width at the twenty links, mark the instrument, set the
instrument to twenty-five, and mark it, and so on to the width of a chain,
pei forming in the same manner for every chnin.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Howlings, have hereunto set my
hand and scal, this Ninth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand seven hundred and ninety-six.
'

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the said Ninth day of January, in
the year above written, the aforesaid Edward Hewlings came before our
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid,
and all every thing therein contained, in form above written. And also the
Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute in
that case made and provided.
Inrolled the same Ninth day of January, in the year above written.