IMPROVEMENTS IN MARINE VELOCIPEDES OR VESSELS."
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Jean Baptiste Pierre Thierry, residing at
No. 146. Faubourg St. Denis, Paris, in the Empire of France, for
"the Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN MARINE VELOCIPEDES OR VESSELS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Jean Baptiste
Pierre. Thierry at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 19th June 1868.
I, ALFRED JEAN BAPTISTE. PIERRE THIERRY. residing at No. 146,
Faubourg St. Denis,, Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MARINE VELOCIPEDES OR
VESSELS," to be as follows:-
"This new automatic apparatus is worked either by manual labor or it may be
by any other mechanical means derived from the motive power of air
and steam together or separately, and it is composed of one, two,
or several floats made of any metal, or of wood, or of india-rubber, or
of gutta percha, or of any other impermeable material. The floats
are connected, and fixed together whatever may be their number by bands
[Price 8d.]

page_text: of metal or wood or by other means, SO as to maintain them at
the distance apart necessary to their perfect solidity and stability. At the
front, middle, or in short in the most suitable place between the floats a paddle
wheel or wheels of dimensions suitable to the size of the marine
velocipede may be placed; it may be in the centre at the back,
or in front, or in short in the place where it will best work to com-
municate the speed or the propulsive force combined together in
accordance with the principles admitted in mechanism, as the velocipedes
work with the means and the effective forces which I have already
described. The number of the sailors or conductors seated upon the benches.
which may be of any dimensions according to the quantity of
floats and of benches, is indefinite, for before all it is necessary
to give to the velocipede the normal speed which it may be able to realize,
although air and steam together may aid the career and movement of this
apparatus, which is susceptible of certain improvements to be indicated at the
necessary time, as, for example, a hollow mast fixed like the mast
of a ship, such mast being traversed vertically by an axis or a
rigid bar moved and governed by gearing. connecting rods, or any other mech-
anism, and by means of a variable screw following the wind and
working with or against the wind to obtain a new effective force either in
advancing or retiring, and this by means of transmission which I will indicate
when necessary. but which now I will state to include the use
of joints, axes of transmission, both horizontal and vertical, pinions and gear-
ing, So as above all to work usefully and with a view lo
accelerate the force or the speed of my apparatus. It may be that the wheels
or the driving screws may work horizontally or vertically in the
air or in the water. In order to steer my velocipede in every direction
and in the most convenient way possible employ paddles, ours,
and rudders at the bow and stern. which
may also serve lo
increase the speed and the force of propulsion of these marine apparatus
which I have described above. Although I have shewn in the
annexed Drawing a simple velocipede moved by means of the feet with the
aid of a paddle wheel I reserve to myself any other means of propulsion pro-
vided it be without fatigue to the sailor, who is thus enabled to
navigate in the worst weather and in the roughest seas without any
danger, and for this reason 1 assert that this simple apparatus
should be classed with those already known for the relief of ships
in distress, and I am well persuaded that in a little time a trial will be made
of them, especially when I shall have constructed an apparatus

page_text: sufficiently powerful to receive the force and the
impulse com-
municated or transmitted by a crew composed of as many sailors
as it would be useful to employ, it being well understood that the
dimensions of the wheels. the screws, and the floats of the velocipede may
be varied.
This little instrument of aquatic locomotion may be usefully employed in
the navy, and in case of war they will find it so useful and to have such advan-
tages that with its assistance and aid it will be easy to arm torpedoes, which
are powerful and destructive instruments of war, and without doubt it will
be an object of recreation and of nautical gymnastics, and it will
be useful in saving life in all weathers upon the sea, upon lakes, and upon run-
ning and still waters.
I will observe also that the floats of the velocipede are capable whenever
it shall be necessary of
of receiving into them air or gas com-
pressed to a sufficient degree so as to permit the transport of as
many persons as it will be either useful or agreeable to place upon
the seats.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alfred Jean Baptiste Pierre Thierry in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 19th December 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME I, ALFRED
JEAN BAPTISTE PIERRE THIERRY, residing at No. 146, Faubourg St. Denis,
Paris, in the Empire of France, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-first year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Alfred Jean Baptiste Pierre Thierry, Her
special licence that I, the said Alfred Jean Baptiste Pierre Thierry,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Alfred Jean Baptiste Pierre Thierry, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the

page_text: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MARINE VELOCIPEDES OR
VESSELS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Alfred Jean
Baptiste Pierre Thierry, my executors or administrators. by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Jean Baptiste Pierre
Thierry, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
'and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof. that is to
say:-
This new automatic apparatus is worked either by the feet or hands or
by both feet and hands together, or it may be by any mechanical means
derived from the motive power of air and steam together or separately, and
it is composed of one, two, or several floats made of any metal, or of wood,
or of india-rubber, or of gutta percha, or of any other impermeable material.
The floats are connected and fixed together, whatever may be their number,
by bands of metal, or wood, or by other means, so as to maintain them at
the distance apart necessary to their perfect solidity and stability,
At the front, middle, or in short in the most suitable place
between the floats a paddle wheel or wheels of dimensions suitable to the
size of the marine velocipede may be placed; it may be in the centre, at the
back, or in front, or in short in the place where it will best work to communi-
cate the speed or the propulsive force combined together in accordance with
the principles admitted in mechanism, as the velocipedes work with
the means and the effective forces which I have already described.
The number of the sailors or conductors seated upon the benches,
which may be of any dimensions according to the quantity of
floats and of benches, is indefinite, for before all it is necessary to give to
the velocipede the normal speed which it may be able to realize,
although air and steam together may aid the career and movement
of this apparatus, which is susceptible of certain improvements to be indicated
at the necessary time, as for example a hollow mast fixed like
the mast of a ship, such mast being traversed vertically by an axis

page_text: or a rigid bar moved and governed by gearing, connecting rods, or any other
mechanism, and by means of a variable screw following the wind
and working with or against the wind to obtain a new effective force either in
advancing or retiring, and this by means of transmission which I
will indicate when necessary, but which now I will state to include the use
of joints, axes of transmission, both horizontal and vertical, pinions,
and gearing, so as above all to work usefully and with a view to accelerate
the force or the speed of my apparatus. It may be that the
wheels or the driving screws may work horizontally or vertically in the air
or in the water.
In order to steer my velocipede in every direction, and in the most con-
venient way possible, I employ paddles, oars, and rudders at the
bow and stern, which may also serve to increase the speed and
the force of propulsion of these marine apparatus which I have described
above.
reason I assert that
Although I have shewn in the annexed Drawing a simple velocipede moved
by means of the feet with the aid of a paddle wheel I reserve to myself any
other means of propulsion provided it be without fatigue to the
sailor, who is thus enabled to navigate in the worst weather and
in the roughest seas without any danger, and for this
this simple apparatus should be classed with those already known for the
relief of ships in distress, and I am well persuaded that in a little time a trial
I will be made of them, especially when I shall have constructed
an apparatus sufficiently powerful to receive the force and the
impulse communicated or transmitted by a crew composed of as many sailors
as it would be useful to employ, it being well understood that the dimensions
of the wheels, the screws, and the floats of the velocipede may
be varied. This little instrument of aquatic locomotion may be usefully
employed in the navy, and in case of war they will find it so useful and to
have such advantages that with its assistance and aid it will be
easy to arm torpedos, which are powerful and destructive instru-
ments of war, and without doubt it will be an object of recreation and of
nautical gymnastics, and it will be useful in saving life in all weathers upon
the sea, upon lakes, and upon running and still waters. I will observe also
that the floats of the velocipede are capable whenever it shall be necessary
of receiving into them air or gas compressed to a sufficient degree so as to
permit the transport of as many persons as it will be either useful or agreeable
to place upon the seats.

page_text: The principle of my marine velocipede or podoscaphe with paddle wheels,
with submerged screw. &c., with floats or canoes completely water-tight, and
with variable pressures of air or compressed gas is to obtain directly
movement of transmission and propulsion by a driving axis, either
horizontal or transversal, according to the line of the axis and
the diameter of the wheel, &c., also to drive this wheel directly
from the motive axis by means of a simple evolution of a quarter, a third, a
half of the diameter of the said wheel at each evolution of the foot by the
aid of treadles worked by the feet or of hand gear worked by the hands, the
conductor being seated as on horseback. or standing or seated on
a bench or seat with a back, but always working directly either
above from the back, the front, or centre of the driving wheel, which is encased
in a paddle box of any suitable material. A new mechanism
which may be employed to drive the paddle wheels and screws
I will now describe with this mechanism; the conductor of the
velocipede remains standing and resting against a back board or hand rail.
The mechanism which is very simple works by means of spring treadles which
move back each time the feet are raised. These treadles are fixed
to a lever which moves a catch furnished with one or more ratchets, which
ratchets at each raising and each pressing down of the feet, one only of which
supports the whole weight of the body at any one time, give a
rotatory movement to a toothed wheel of sufficient diameter, which
wheel drives very rapidly a pinion with which it gears and trans-
mits movement to the paddle wheel or paddles, and so drives the velocipede
by its rotatory movement.
At the present time when everything points to the use of the essential oils
of petroleum and others for burning I would state that I may introduce into
one or more of the floats or canoes these mineral or vegetable
'oils, and so form a store of combustible material, which may be employed either
for lighting or for vaporizing water in such cases where long
voyages are of advantage or are indispensable, and when it would be useful
to employ motive-power engines worked by mineral or vegetable essential
oils, air, gas, or superheated steam. .
I would state that a lamp or burner may be placed by means of syphons
in communication with the floats which serve as reservoirs, so as con-
stantly to draw off the matters necessary for combustion, to furnish at
pleasure and at any hour of the day the fuel necessary for the vivid com-

page_text: bustion in the hearth, or in fact at any place where it will be useful to
employ it either for lighting or for obtaining power for propelling the
marine velocipede. By using lamps such as are constructed by me and so
supplied with combustible material, drilling with weapons of war, with fire
and other arms used in the army, as also pleasurable pursuits or fishing
or shooting, may be carried on even during the darkest nights. I can also
employ this lamp for lighting up the marine velocipede in foggy weather
or at night, or other means of lighting applied directly in lanthorns by
which the prow or stem of the marine velocipede will be decorated may be
employed to avoid all accidents at sea or on rivers, and to aid in steering
when it is dark. Independently of all the revolving paddle wheels,
screws, and other propelling apparatus which I have herein described I
can also work ny velocipede by means of fins or webs of caoutchouc by
the aid of treadles or hand gear, which are alternately drawn back into
cylinders or between rods and then opened out into the water to displace
it, and then return into their sheaths or cases to be again folded up and
again constantly driven back as quickly as desired to give the required
speed to the velocipede. I wish clearly to state that my marinc
velocipedes may be made with keels and with rounded or flat bottoms.
and may be made stouter at the stern than at the stem in order to
receive a greater load at the stern whilst still maintaining the equilibrium
of the fore part to obtain the best line of floatation, and that they may
be made to carry several rowers or any desired number of persons
working to propel them, as also of passengers according to the size of
the floats or canoes. I can also apply to the paddle wheels or gearing
wheels semicircular sectors or counterbalance weights of metal of a
size and weight sufficient to ease the work either of the arms or
of the legs, thus increasing the speed of my podoscaphes or coupled boats.
I may add that in cases where a velocipede is liable to be upset by a heavy
Wave I can maintain it. in its right position in the water by
means of discs or halls like pendulums loaded with lead: these pendulums
or weights may be rigidly or temporarily fixed to the bottoms of the podoscaphes
between the canoes. and in the best direction for facilitating
their progress. I can also increase the weight of the paddle wheels by
connecting to them weights of metal or wood at different distances
from their centre which will permit of giving them momentum, so that
they may pass more easily over the dead points of the cranks, as also
to maintain the equilibrium of the marine velocipedes especially in
rough seas. These marine velocipedes or podoscaphes can be made of

page_text: smaller dimensions to form toys for children, they may be propelled by
clock work springs, by gearing, by compressed air, or other means which
will allow of their being made cheaply. The marine velocipede or
podoscaphe with one or more wheels is usually composed of two
floats or canoes perfectly water-tight. In consequence of the air space which
exists in their interior they are insubmergible. Gas may be compressed
into this space to lighten the load or to illuminate the ornaments of the
boat. These floats or canoes are of wood or sheet metal rivetted up
with joints of caoutchouc or other material. Their length varies from
4 to 8 yards more or less, the breadth and height are in proportion to
the length and to the weight of the propelling apparatus, &c. to be carried.
As for example I can employ one or more wheels one behind
the other between the two canoes, and impart movement to them by one
or more men, as also 1 can put two wheels upon one axis between the canoes
and drive from between the wheels which allows of the men being seated
without being inconvenienced by the wheels or propelling apparatus. I will
describe presently the details of these arrangements. The canoes may be
made of various forms, as for example with a flat bottom (Figure 12), a
rounded bottom (Figure 8), a rounded bottom with keel (Figures 3
and 6), and other forms; the ends of the canoes may be turned upwards or
not as desired. The fore part of the canoe is made very tapering, the other
end is of the same breadth as the centre for a third of the distance backwards,
which allows of loading the centre and raising the front of the velocipede to
facilitate its progress.
ما
Figures 1, 2. 3. represent a velocipede with two floats or canoes A
rounded with a keel which are made of sheet iron rivetted together
with a length of 5 yards, and a breadth of foot by 8 inches in
height. They are connected together by ties of iron and cross bars
fixed to the centre of the canoes to prevent one advancing without the other.
The propulsion is effected by vertical paddles fixed
two
iron bars B having a bearing at each end to receive the pins of
the propelling cranks. The paddles C are of sheet iron and fixed by a
vertical rod to the bars B. they can be turned round instantaneously by
means of a rod fixed to levers on the bars, which allows of both moving
forwards and backwards without any resistance from the water. A
casing of sheet iron D covers over the propelling apparatus and prevents
the water splashing up upon the men propelling the boat. Above this casing
is placed a seat E which is fixed by four iron legs to the centre
of the canoes, the supports F carry the crank axis in moveable bearings

page_text: which can be raised or lowered at pleasure, they can also be moved
forwards and backwards in grooves at the base of the supports. The crank
axis C is of iron and gives the to-and-fro movement to the
paddles. At the ends of the axis are fixed the treadle cranks H
which are worked by the feet. A lever R is fixed to each bearing on the
bars B. it is guided in the casing and has a handle to be worked
by hand to aid in driving the axis. This lever may be fixed by a coil spring
which prevents shocks and concussions. A sheet iron rudder is
fixed at the stern between the 2 canoes, its spindle is carried by a cross bar,
a lever with two eyes is fixed on the top of the axis to which are attached the
tiller ropes.
These wheels
Figures 4, 5, and 6 represent a marine velocipede with two canoes
A rounded and with a keel rivetted together in sheet iron. They
are connected by tie bars in iron, and cross bars or distance pieces;
between the two canoes are placed two paddle wheels B which
are fixed on the same axis, they are about 1 yard in diameter and have 13
floats more or less, they are also placed at some distance apart
to leave space for a man to work the apparatus.
are encased in paddle boxes C which are on their exterior fixed to the floats,
and on the interior to a sheet iron stay also fixed to the floats.
The paddle boxes are widened out at the back to allow of the free escape of
the water. Between the two wheels is placed the seat D for
the conductor who with his feet works the spring treadles K, and with
his hands works the lever handles F. The treadles are hinged at one end
to a cross bar between the canoes and at the other are connected
to the crank axle of the paddle wheels. The levers F are by a rod connected
to the crank and so propel the axis. Two supports G are fixed
to the centre of the canoes having bearings to receive the axis of the wheels,
these supports can be moved forwards or backwards in a groove
at their base. In front of the axis and between the wheels a seat
may be placed for the person guiding the velocipede. The rudder is fixed
behind between the two canoes on an axis which is supported on a
cross bar. On this axis is fixed a bevil toothed wheel which
receives movement from another bevil toothed wheel placed on the end of a
longitudinal axis, this axis is also actuated by a pair of bevil toothed
wheels, one of which is fixed on a vertical axis upon which is a hand
wheel, this hand wheel is notched to receive a spring catch fixed at the
side. This catch prevents the rudder from being turned by the blows of the
waves.

page_text: Figure 7, 8. 9. is a velocipede with one wheel fixed between
two canoes A of a rounded form and without keel. These canoes are
also connected by cross bars of iron so that they shall move together.
At the front is fixed a steel spur S very much tapered to throw
off the water from the sides. The wheel B is about 1 yard in diameter,
and has about 13 floats, but the number of floats may be varied
according to the diameter of the wheel and the speed to be
attained. It is fixed on a square axis which rests in bearings in the supports
E, these supports can also be moved to and fro and raised or
lowered. A casing of sheet iron covers the wheel, it is enlarged at the
rear to allow the water to pass away freely. At each end of the axis
is fixed a crank which receives movement directly from levers F, in
addition a treadle T to be worked by the feet on each side of the wheel
may be connected to the pin of the crank. A seat D is placed
behind the wheel to receive the man who is to work the propelling apparatus.
At the front a seat may also be placed for the person who steers by the
tiller ropes.
The rudder may also be worked by the conductor by
means of two pulleys around which pass the tiller cords which are placed
on each side beneath the feet. On the axis of these pulleys is
fixed a lever which with a small spring stop works into a sector cut with
notches, and receives its movement from the feet of the conductor, whilst he
works the wheel by the hand levers. This kind of velocipede is more suitable
for ladies as they can be seated without their legs being on opposite sides of
the paddle box.
water put in
Figures 10, 11, 12, represent a velocipede carrying two wheels,
one behind the other for two conductors, the canoes A are rivetted
up in sheet iron and are about eight yards long, 18 inches broad, and 9 inches
deep, flat at the bottom and very tapered at the front.
They are also tied together by tie rods and distance pieces. The
two wheels B have thirteen paddles more or less, the front
wheel is about 38 inches in diameter and the back wheel from 41
to 45 inches. This increase is necessary since the
motion by the first wheel forces the second to turn quicker.
The axes of the wheels rest on iron supports C fixed to the centre of the
canoes. A casing D covers the wheels, it can be ornamented with
lanthorns which can be lighted with gas compressed into the floats.
Two crank treadles E are fixed to the ends of each axis of the wheels
by which the conductors work the wheels by their feet. The seats F
are placed, a little in the rear so as not to raise the conductors

page_text: too high, there is. however, an advantage in placing them vertically, above
the centre of the wheel. as by this means they act on the cranks
with all the weight of their body. These seats are moveable and can be
moved forwards or backwards. raised or lowered. according to the height of
the conductors. Two rudders H are placed on an axis at the back
of each canoe; on this axis are fixed two levers I connected by a rod and
having an eye to which is attached the chain. pulleys are placed along the
canoes to guide the chains on the paddle box, and in front of the. conductor
of the back wheel is placed a pulley with two grooves around which are
coiled the chains in opposite directions. This pulley has a handle
above and below a spring stop which gears into notches in a sector placed
on the paddle box, and consequently holds the rudder in any desired position.
On the paddle box of the front wheel is fixed a support O resting
on a universal joint, upon this a gun may be rested and pointed in any desired
direction.
Another form of velocipede which is driven by a screw is shewn at
Figures 13, 14, and 15. This velocipede is in reality only a single bont.
with a very concave bottom so as to form two floats which join together
at their two ends and form single points. The channel produced between
the keels of the two boats keeps the boat in equilibrium and pre-
vents it upsetting, it serves besides for fixing there the ballast by a bar of
iron fixed with gudgeons, upon which are screwed plates or balls of
metal forming the ballast. By this means it may be taken out to sea without
any danger, it can be made to carry several persons and presents
great advantages in safety and speed. This boat may be propelled
by a screw fixed in a framing or fencing L at the back. The
driving axis B is placed transversely at the centre in suitable supports.
It is driven by cranks and treadles and in addition there are two hand
lover movements fixed to the ends of the axis. These lever move-
ments are composed of a hand lever connected by a rod with another lever
fixed on the opposite side of the axis. The arms of this second
lever are of a length to diminish (when it acts on the crank) by one-half
or more or less the stroke of the principal or hand lever. The transverse
axis carries a bevil wheel E which gears with a pinion fixed on
the vertical axis C. This axis also gears with the longitudinal axis D
which carries the screw. The diameter of the toothed wheels and
pinions E is arranged to give the screw a speed of about 400 revolutions
a minute. The screw I may be of cast iron or copper and may

page_text: centre of the boat, it
An axis communicating
have two, four, or more blades. The seat H is placed transversely behind
the driving axis, it can be moved forwards or backwards and is
to carry the conductors. Seats may be placed in front of the axis to
accommodate several persons. The hollowed out portion in the middle
of the boats is about two yards long, more or less, it is surrounded by a grating
or guard R. The screw may also be driven by means
of a
mast, Figures 16, 17, which I place in the
carries two vanes which are turned by the wind.
with the vertical axis C drives the screw, the rudder K is fixed at
the stern, to which is adapted transversely a lever with two eyes M.
To each eye is attached a little chain or
or filler cord O. It is
guided by pulleys fixed in the canoes and is wound around larger pulleys N
fixed to the
the side of the seat, or
or at any other convenient spot.
For driving the paddle wheels, the screw. or other propellor, other mech-
.anical means may be employed either by a different arrangement of levers, or
treadles. or by gearing, by means of which by exerting more force
greater speed may be obtained. The movements which I have described
and other movements may be applied to each different form of float
whether it be in wood or metal. The screw may also be placed in a velocipede
with two canoes held apart from one another

page_text: seat, and remaining almost motionless, in order to avoid all rocking
of the velocipede which would seriously interfere with its speed. It is
only necessary to continue more or less quickly to move the crank from front
to back, taking care to use as little effort as possible for bringing back the
feet from front to back, that is to say, the wheel being in rapid
movement the feet should be brought back of themselves. The right and left
feet always working in opposite directions, if the right foot is uppermost, and
has already passed over the vertical axis of the wheel, a strong pressure of the
right foot acts to turn the wheel, and by so doing raises the left, and so on
continuously.
. 3. Movement of the Feet in going Backwards.-When
one wishes
instantaneously to go backwards in place of forwards it is only necessary
to hinder either the right or left crank by a strong pressure of the
foot when it is at the bottom of its stroke, and thus changing suddenly
the direction of the rotation of the wheel, and employing the same
means as for moving forwards. If the legs are being used, instead
of working the treadles from front to back making them work with extreme
rapidity from back to front. This change of direction is very easily
accomplished, any one in ten minutes can effect it easily and without much
effort.
.
4. Working the Rudders.-When tho conductor wishes to make a
half turn he commences by giving a great impetus to the velocipede,
then suddenly stopping the movement of the feet, and moving the
rudder completely either to the right or left, the podoscaphe will turn almost
As
on its own length, and without any fatigue to the conductor.
soon as the boat has been turned nearly far enough the movements of the
hands and feet may be recommenced to advance in the new direction,
retaining always the rudder bar by means of the spring engaging in the notches
of the stop.
5. Movement of the Levers and Working of the Hand Gear.-The
working of the hand gear operates in the same way as that described for the
treadles, constantly and alternately bringing the hands from front to back so
as to pass alternately either to the right or left, the dead point or vertical
axis of the wheel.
6. Backward Movement. To change suddenly from going forwards
to backwards it is necessary to stop suddenly the movement of the
wheel, to bring back by the right or left hand the crank into a vertical
position opposite the centre of the wheel. To reverse suddenly the

page_text: first crank, which passes the vertical from the back, and to make it
follow with the right hand or the left, the opposite movement from front to
back.
7. Motion of the Body to Maintain the Equilibrium in Rough Seas.
-When the conductors of the velocipede go out in rough weather either
on sea or on rough lakes they should at starting direct their boat
in such a manner as to avoid as much as possible being struck broad-
side either by the wind or the waves, and they will incline the
body alternately either to the right or the left, to the front or back, con-
stantly following the movement of the wave and its direction, and the rolling
or the pitching of the velocipede, at the same time progressively. holding
back the tiller in the direction of the equilibrium of the podoscaphe, and causing
a sufficient counterpoise by a moderate inclination of the body carrying
it more or
less on to the right or left leg, or forwards or
backwards, if the velocipede pitches or rises more or less lightly by the blow
or force of the waves.
When the sea or lakes are calm none of these precautions have to
be resorted to, the working is then the same as upon running streams or calm
water.
In witness whereof, 1, the said. Alfred Jean Baptiste Pierre Thierry,
have hereunto get my
my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of
December, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-eight.