the like and in Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1885

page_text: the like and in Apparatus therefor.
I PETER JENSEN Fel Inst. P.A. of 33 Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex
do hereby declare the nature of said invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF BOXES FROM CARDBOARD AND THE LIKE AND IN APPARATUS
THEREFOR a communication to me from abroad by Jean Scherbel and Carl Theodor
Remus both of Dresden Saxony, Manufacturers to be as follows :—
The first part of this invention has in view the attainment of unusually high
sides of boxes, which cannot usually be obtained by simply stamping the cardboard
and consists of a plunger which if cylindrical is provided with circumferential
If how-
grooves all round which are of a section something like the teeth of a saw.
ever the plunger is of a prismatic form with rounded edges it is provided with
grooves which do not extend all round but only on the rounded off corners.
As soon as the plunger is forced into the matrix together with the cardboard to
be pressed, the latter is pressed into the grooves in such a manner that a creased
part is produced between it and the plunger which facilitates the drawing out of
the cardboard in the mould and therefore relieves the bottom of the box. Tearing
off of the bottom in the pressing operation as heretofore through overloading or
through too great a pressure cannot occur by this process. This tearing off of the
bottom was however the reason why boxes with high sides could not be produced
by drawing cardboard out.
A further reason therefore lay in the forming of unequally large folds or creases
or else in their unsymmetrical accumulation, which could not be avoided by means
of fold holders as commonly used up to the present time for those purposes. But
very large folds or the accumulation folds always caused a defect.
This will be obviated by the following improvement in stamping moulds.
Moulds for round boxes, in which the folds occur all round, are constructed so
that the surface of the matrix as well as the corresponding surface of the fold
holder or ringformed plate which holds the cardboard onto the top of the matrix
are provided with radial flutings or corrugations on its underside. The top of the
matrix has similar flutings.

page_text: As the fluted surfaces of the matrix and of the fold holder are placed in such a
position in relation to each other that the backs of the flutings stand opposite to
each other these backs or rounded edges only touch the cardboard laid between.
Thereby on the one hand the the resistance caused by friction is lessened when the
cardboard is forced or drawn down during the depression of the plunger but on the
other hand and chiefly because every lateral movement is made impossible neither
unequally large folds nor unequal accumulation of folds can be formed, but must
appear of equal size and equally divided all round But the drawing out of the
cardboard to be moulded is thereby so essentially favoured, that the same allows
itself to be drawn in for forming high box walls or box sides into a considerably
greater depth of the matrix than is possible with moulds which are not provided
with flutings or grooves.
In moulds for boxes of rectangular form in plan with rounded corners, the
matrix as well as the fold holder is provided with corrugations extending in both
directions somewhat beyond the rounded corners, the middle ones of which are
radial, whilst those lying more to the side gradually become more parallel to one
another. By means of this distribution of the flutings too great a heaping up of
the cardboard material is prevented in the upper bent parts of the wall or side of
the box, because the cardboard is partly forced through these flutings out of the
bent to the straight surfaces of the wall of the box.
As the plunger with the half of the box formed thereby, after the wall of same
has been formed, has still to go a comparative long way in the matrix, because the
latter is for this purpose produced in unusually considerably excessive height
necessary for the moulding untill it reaches the bottom part, the inside surface of
which matrix is polished the outside of the walls of the box is glazed during the
back stroke.
A further novelty consists in the production of metallic binding or beading for
the edges of the walls which firstly serve as a protection for the said edges and
secondly form a decoration.
A number of such bindings are simultaneously formed out of a piece of metal
plate the sizes of which correspond to the gradations of the sizes of the boxes.
In the upper part and lower part of a mould are turned alternate grooves so that
the projecting ring of one takes into the corresponding groove of the other; s0
that their edges form opposite cutting edges. By means of these edges a metal
plate may be cut up into a number of rings by one blow. These rings remain in
the grooves of both halves of the mould.
On the bottom of the grooves of the upper part are formed tongue shaped
projecting rings and secondly on the bottom of the grooves of the lower mould are
turned ring formed recesses. By taking a finishing part which is provided on one
side with circular projections exactly corresponding to one half of the mould and on
the other side with recesses also corresponding to the other half mould and putting
it between the two said half moulds both these latter are transformed into two
stamping moulds and pressure is then applied whereby all the rings of metal are
pressed into rings of a gutter or other suitable section.
Such a ring of suitable size is put on the top edge of each half of the box and
the half of the box is then pressed into the matrix by means of a drift or mandril
until the edge of the ring is surrounded by the matrix and is thereby firmly
pressed on to the edge of the box,

page_text: the like and in Apparatus therefor.
I, PETER JENSEN Fel. Inst. P.A. of 77 Chancery Lane but formerly of
33, Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex do hereby declare the nature
of this invention (a communication to me from abroad by Jean Scherbel and
Carl Theodor Remus both of Dresden, Saxony, Manufacturers) and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
According to this invention boxes of any desired form and of considerable depth
and with or without bottom are made and highly finished or glazed by stamping
all as hereinafter described.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings is a part sectional elevation of the
apparatus for stamping boxes out of one piece of cardboard such boxes consisting
of a box proper or lower part and the lid both provided with bottom, where these
parts are not of great or unusual depth. The upper part or stamp or plunger a
has its lower part formed exactly of the shape and size of the box halves to be
produced, the circumferential set off a¹ determining the interior depth and size of
same. The lower or matrix part b corresponds to the outer dimensions of the box
half but is much higher; the upper edge is rounded off considerably and the inner
surface is highly polished. c is a ring formed plate or fold holder which serves to
hold the cardboard onto the top of the matrix b.
Between this plate c and the top of the matrix b is placed a piece of cardboard
cut to a suitable size, and the plunger or stamp a is then forced down by any
suitable mechanism, whereby the middle of the piece of cardboard is brought down
into the matrix b. The part which is to form the box sides is gradually drawn
downwards but as long as it is within reach of the fold holder c it is kept hori-
zontal and obliged to glide over the upper rounded edge of the matrix b. The
cardboard is thus slightly and gently extended and the folds which naturally
arise are quite flattened down.
When the set off a¹ of the stamp a has approached the matrix b so far that the
cardboard is taken hold of by both then the parts of the cardboard which may be
left above the set off al are cut off.
The thus far perfectly formed box half is by the stamp a forced down so far into
the matrix as the height of same will permit. This prolongation of the travel has
a double purpose. Firstly the form which the box half is to receive thereby
assumes fixity and secondly its outside is glazed by sliding against the highly
polished inner sides of the matrix.
In order to produce boxes with unusually high sides, which cannot usually be
attained by simply stamping the cardboard the following apparatus is used shown
in Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5. The cylindrical stamp or plunger a Figure 2 is provided
with circumferential grooves all round as shewn which are of a section something
like the teeth of a saw.
As soon as the plunger a is forced into the matrix b together with the cardboard
the latter is pressed into these grooves in such a manner that a creased part is
produced between it and the plunger, whereby the cardboard is compelled to follow
the plunger down, and thus the parts of the cardboard taken hold of by the grooves
in the plunger will draw other adjoining higher parts with them. The bottom

page_text: part of the box which otherwise would be influenced will thus be relieved and
the tearing off of the bottom part in the pressing operation as heretofore through
over-straining obviated. But this tearing off of the bottom was the very reason
why boxes with high sides could not heretofore (and by means of smooth stamps
be successfully produced. This danger was still more increased thereby that the
cardboard was apt to be displaced laterally and thus form folds of unequal size or
unsymmetrically or unequally distributed, thus causing an adhesion of the parts
of the cardboard which the stamping could not surmount so that a tearing of the
cardboard was unavoidable. The following improvements have for object to do
away with the uneven fold formation and consequent tearing effect.
The moulds for round boxes, in which the folds occur all round are as shown
in Figures 2 and 3 on the upper face of the matrix b as well on the corre-
sponding lower face of the fold holder or ring-shaped plate c which holds the
cardboard onto the top of the matrix provided with radial flutings or corrugations.
In moulds for boxes of rectangular form in plan but with rounded corners the
matrix a as well as the fold holder c is as shewn in the plan view Figure 4 of the
latter provided with corrugations extending in both directions somewhat beyond
the rounded corners, the middle ones being radial whilst those lying more to the
side gradually become more parallel.
As the fluted faces of the matrix band of the fold holder c are placed in such a
position in relation to each other as shewn in the diagram Figure 5 that the backs
or ridges of the flutings stand opposite to each other, these ridges or rounded edges
only touch the cardboard laid between.
Thereby (because of these flutings) on the one hand, the friction is lessened to
which the cardboard is subject when during the depression of the plunger it is
forced or drawn down along the surfaces in question and secondly and chiefly these
surfaces during the drawing down exert a drag on the cardboard as they only allow
it to move in the direction of the flutings and thus prevent the formation of folds
of unequal size or unsymmetrical distribution.
The folds thus perfectly evenly formed in the cardboard can thus be drawn into
the matrix b by means of the plunger a provided with the grooves a¹. During this
process the cardboard is also drawn along the rounded off inner upper edge of the
matrix b and the folds are partially flattened out so that the gradual increase in
thickness because of the fold formation will again be evenly distributed.
A further novelty consists in the production by stamping or stamping and
drawing of parts intended for such card board boxes which have bottoms consisting
of another material such for instance as sheet metal, or which for the sake of a
better appearance are to be combined with sheet metal, or which do not need a
bottom such for instance as the outer part of a draw box. The part of the stamp a
intended for forming such a part has generally to be of great length such for instance
as shown at Figure 6.
The piece of cardboard cut to the required, size and provided with adhesive
material in the proper places if intended to have a closed form when stamped is laid
round the stamp a which is then pushed down. As the cardboard enters the
mould the rounded off upper edges will cause it to be gradually pressed up
against the stamp and the outside of the draw box thus be formed. Also in this
case the grooves in the stamp have the action described. And as in the case of the
boxes with bottom the outer surface of the box will become glazed by means of
the polished interior surface of the matrix b. The uniting together where provided
with adhesive material will also be effected by the pressure.
The saw teeth like grooves in the plunger a must of course be shallower the
thinner the cardboard is. When this thickness is not much more than thick paper
the grooves must be so fine as to be like mere lines or the surface like roughed.
The same aforesaid glazing process for the outside of boxes is also as stated
applicable to such cardboard parts which are to be united with boxes by means of
sheet metal parts to form bottoms or the like. For this purpose the cardboard strip
from which later on the required parts are to be cut out is placed on a bar d

page_text: Figure 7 which in this case takes the place of the stamp a and which is roughed on
one side. The strip of cardboard is by means of the bar d forced through a mould e
having a polished surface so as to glaze the cardboard on the side in question.
The production of metallic bindings or beadings for the rims of the boxes and
which serve as a protection for the rims and also for ornament is as follows:-
In the upper part ƒ and lower part g of a mould Figure 8 are turned alternate
grooves so that the projecting ring of one takes into the corresponding groove of the
other and so that their edges form opposite cutting edges. By means of these
edges a metal plate may be cut up into a number of rings by one blow. These
rings remain in the grooves of both halves of the mould.
On the bottom of the grooves of the upper part f of the mould are formed tongue
shaped projecting rings but on the bottom of the grooves of the lower part g are
turned ring formed recesses. The part which is provided on one side with
circular projections exactly corresponding to one half part fand on the other side
with recesses also corresponding to the other half part g and putting it between the
two parts f and g as shown at Figure 9 the two latter are transformed into two
stamping moulds and a blow being applied the rings are pressed into gutter shaped
rings such as shewn in Figure 10. The size of these rings is to be such as to
correspond with the size of box, for instance the ring Figure 10 would suit the box
shown in Figure 11 which is made in the mould Figure 1.
Such a ring of suitable size is fixed on the top edge or rim of each half of the
box, and this may be done either by driving the box half having the ring placed
thereon once more so far into the matrix b by means of the stamp or mandril a as
is shown at Figure 12 that is to say until the edge of the ring is surrounded by
the matrix whereby the ring is firmly pressed into the cardboard edge of the box
or by pressing the ring on by means of suitable rollers.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim as the invention communicated to me is
First. The manufacture of boxes and box parts from cardboard while at the same
time glazing or finishing their outer sides by stamping by means of parts such as a
and b in combination with the ring or fold holder c substantially as set forth.
Second. The manufacture of glazed or finished strips of cardboard for forming
material for boxes by means of a metallic bar such as d and a mould such as e
substantially in the manner set forth.
Third. The application in moulds for the purpose stated of saw teeth like grooves
in the stamp a in combination with the grooves in the upper face of the matrix b
and in the corresponding lower face of the ring plate c, for the purpose of the
manufacture of boxes with high sides and boxes without bottom substantially as
set forth.
Fourth. The manufacture of metallic rim fittings for boxes by means of stamps
such as f and g and complementary part h whereby a piece of sheet metal is cut up
into rings which are formed into gutter shape, and are then fixed on the box rim
by means of parts such as a and b or by means of rolls, substantially as set forth.
Dated this 1st day of February 1886