Improvements in Adding Machines.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Nov., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 10th Aug., 1892-Accepted, 17th Sept., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Adding Machines.
We, JOSEPH EDWARD BLACKSHAW, Physician, of 1904, Carson Street, Pitts-
burgh, Allegheny County, State of Pennsylvania, and GEORGE HENRY ROGERS,
Stationer, of 2115, Morris Avenue, Birmingham, Jefferson County, State of Alabama,
both in the United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
1
The object of our invention is to provide a convenient and accurate adding
machine in which the hundreds shall be recorded upon a circular scale. Upon a
fixed pivot pin is mounted the hub of a casing screwed to the lower end of a central
hub fitted on the said pin. A graduated metal ring is mounted upon radial arms
connected to the hub, said ring being graduated in two series of figures and sub-
divisions; the inner series from 0 to 100 extending around the circumference.
Around the upper part of the hub turns a toothed disc which rests near its periphery
upon lugs on the radial arms to hold it level. This disc is graduated and numbered
with one hundred equal subdivisions extending around the entire circumference and
its periphery is cut with one hundred teeth corresponding to this graduation.
Above this disc and turning upon the centre pin is an adjusting arm by which the
disc is turned, the arm being jointed to a collar turning on the central stem or pivot
pin so that the arm may be rocked in any vertical plane and its outer end is formed
as a tooth to engage between the teeth on the edge of the disc. This arm may
have a spring connection with its collar instead of a joint to permit its rocking
action in entering or withdrawing its tooth from the notches of the disc.
The operation of this part of the device is as follows:-The zero point of the
disc is placed opposite the zero point of the graduated ring which latter is indicated
by a pointer, a spring detent engaging the disc and holding it to its adjustment.
Now, if the figures to be added be 12-26-34-the tooth of the arm is placed in the
notch of the disc opposite the twelfth graduation of the inner side of the ring and
the arm is swung around to the zero point; the tooth of the arm is next placed in a
notch of the disc opposite the twenty-sixth graduation on the inner side of the ring
and the arm swung back to zero again; the tooth of the arm is then placed in the
notch of the disc opposite the thirty-fourth graduation on the inner side of the ring
and the arm again swung back to zero, which then causes the numbers to be stored
up as it were in a cumulative way upon the disc which then shews at the pointer
the sum of 72 which is the result of the addition of the foregoing numbers.
When the successive addition amounts to more than one hundred and involves
more than a complete revolution of the disc, the complete revolutions of said disc
are recorded upon the outer scale of the ring by means of a movable hand, and
intermediate gear which we will now describe. Beneath the radial arms and turning
upon the hub is a toothed wheel having an arm that carries a hand at the outer
periphery of the graduated ring, this wheel being prevented from moving accidentally
to a false position by the frictional contact of a spring or spring washer.
In gear
with the said wheel is a small pinion whose shaft is mounted in one of the radial arms
and has upon its upper end another pinion with widely separated teeth. The teeth
of this pinion are locked by a sliding clutch or detent which is guided in a slot of
the radial arm and is forced into engagement with the pinion by a spring. On the
sliding clutch is a cam which once in the revolution of the disc is acted upon by a
cam on the under side of the disc to withdraw the clutch from the pinion and at the
same moment a lug on the under side of the disc strikes one of the teeth of the upper
pinion and turns it one notch. This motion is transmitted through the toothed gear
to the index-hand and the latter is shifted on the outer scale of the ring so as to

page_text: mark another hundred for each complete revolution of the disc. To disengage the
clutch so that the hand may be restored to the zero point, an arm is attached to
the clutch and is bent up through a slot in the ring to permit the clutch to be thus
manipulated at will.
In making use of our invention, we prefer to have the case and working parts
pivotally mounted upon the base plate so that the case may be turned instead of the
arm but it is obvious that the adding machine is complete and may be used without
the base plate and pivotal mounting of the case. An angular piece is attached to
the base plate, to serve as a pointer to keep the place when stopping in the addition
of a column of figures and which is also perforated to permit the device to be
hung up.
2001
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Adding Machines.
We, JOSEPH EDWARD BLACKSHAW, Physician, of 1904, Carson Street, Pitts-
burg, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, and GEORGE HENRY ROGERS, Stationer,
of 2115, Morris Avenue, Birmingham, Jefferson County, Alabama, both in the
United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of our invention is to provide a convenient and accurate adding
machine in which the hundreds shall be recorded upon a circular scale. It consists
in the peculiar construction and arrangement of parts which we will now proceed to
describe with reference to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this
Specification, wherein
Figure I is a face view of the instrument,
Figure 11 is a similar view with the toothed disc removed,
Figure III is a central cross-section, and
Figure IV is a detail in perspective of a modification.
In the drawings, A represents a circular base plate having a central fixed
pin a. B is a hollow metal enclosing-case of circular form screwed to the lower
end of a central hub C2 fitted on the said pin a. C is a graduated metal ring
mounted upon radial arms C' connected to the hub C2. Around the upper part
of the hub C2 turns a toothed disc E which rests near its periphery upon lugs b
on the radial arms C¹ to hold it level. Above this disc and turning upon the
centre pin a, is an adjusting arm F by which the disc E is turned. The
ring C is graduated in two series of figures and subdivisions, the inner series
being from 0 to 100 and extending around the circumference, but to avoid
crowding the numerals only the progression in tens is marked as 10, 20, 30, etc.,
the single figures indicating the digits being placed between. The outer series
of graduations is in hundreds as 100, 200, 300, etc. The disc E is graduated
and numbered with one hundred equal subdivisions extending around the entire
circumference and its periphery is cut with one hundred teeth corresponding to
this graduation. The adjusting arm F is jointed to a collar turning on the
central stem or pivot pin a so that the arm may be rocked in any vertical
plane and its outer end is formed as a tooth to engage between the teeth on
the edge of the disc. This arm is bent up to form a handle and may if desired
have a spring connection with its collar F¹ instead of a joint to permit its
rocking action in entering or withdrawing its tooth from the notches of the
disc. Such spring connection is shewn in Figure 4. A washer and screw c

page_text: retain the collar on the central pin a, but still allow it to rock vertically and
swing circularly.
The operation of this part of the device is as follows:-The zero point of
the disc is placed opposite the zero point of the graduated ring which latter is
indicated by a pointer d. Now if the figures to be added be 12-26-34 the
tooth of the arm is placed in the notch of the disc opposite the twelfth graduation
of the inner side of the ring and the arm is swung around to the zero point
in the direction of the arrow. The tooth of the arm is next placed in a notch of
the disc opposite the twenty-sixth graduation on the inner side of the ring and
the arm swung back to zero again. The tooth of the arm is then placed in the
notch of the disc opposite the thirty-fourth graduation on the inner side of the
ring and the arm again swung back to zero, which then causes the numbers to
be stored up as it were in a cumulative way upon the disc which then shews
at the pointer d the sum of 72 which is the result of the addition of the fore-
going numbers.
When the successive addition amounts to more than one hundred and involves
more than a complete revolution of the disc, the complete revolutions of said
disc are recorded upon the outer scale of the ring by means of a movable
hande and intermediate gear which we will now describe. Beneath the radial
arms C and turning upon the hub C2 is a toothed wheel G having an arm G¹
that carries a hand at the outer periphery of the ring C. This wheel is
prevented from moving accidentally to a false position by the frictional contact
of a spring or spring washer f clamped between the hub C2 and the hub of the
case. In gear with the said wheel G is a small pinion g whose shaft is mounted
in one of the radial arms and has upon its upper end another pinion / with
widely separated teeth. The teeth of the pinion are locked by a sliding
clutch or detent which is guided in a slot of the radial arm and is forced up
to engagement with the pinion by a spring j. On the upper side of the
sliding clutch is a cam k which once in the revolution of the disc is acted upon
by a cam on the under side of the disc to withdraw the clutch from the
pinion and at the same moment a lug on the under side of the disc strikes
one of the teeth of the pinion h and turns it one notch. This motion is
transmitted to the large wheel G arm G¹ and hand e and the latter is shifted
on the outer scale of the ring so as to mark another hundred for each complete
revolution of the disc. To disengage the clutch so that the hand may be
restored to the zero point, an arm m is attached to the clutch and is bent up
through a slot in the ring at n to permit the clutch to be thus manipulated at
will.
In making use of our invention we prefer to have the case B and working
parts pivotally mounted upon the plate A so that the case may be turned instead
of the arm F but it is obvious that the adding machine is complete and may
be used without the plate A and pivotal mounting of the case B.
K is an
angular plate attached to the bottom of the device which serves as a pointer
to keep the place when stopping in the addition of a column of figures and
which plate is also perforated to permit the device to be hung up.
L is a
spring detent, to hold the disc E to its adjustment.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that
what we claim is-
1st. The combination in an adding machine of a ring graduated upon its outer
side with subdivisions and numbers representing hundreds and upon the inner side
with units extending throughout the circumference up to one hundred, a central
toothed dise having graduations and teeth corresponding in number and progression
to those on the inner side of the ring, means for rotating the disc, an index hand at
the outer circumference of the ring and gear for connecting the disc to said index
hand, substantially as shewn and described.

page_text: 2nd. The combination in an adding machine of a ring C graduated as described,
the central toothed disc E having a cam and actuating lug on its inner side, a spring
clutch, pinions and h, the gear wheel G bearing arm G and index hand e and
the friction spring, substantially as shewn and described.
3rd. The combination, with the toothed disc and central pin, of the loose collar F¹
and the adjusting arm F connected thereto so as to rock as described and bent up to
form a handle and then outwardly to engage the teeth of the disc, substantially as
shewn and described.
4th. The combination in an adding machine of the central disc E, the ring G
graduated as described and provided with a slot in the face, a train of gear con-
necting the disc with an index hand moving over the ring, a detent arranged in said
train of gear and an arm m connected to the detent and extending through the slot,
substantially as shewn and described.
5th. The combination of the base plate A having pivotal pin a, the containing
case B, the ring C graduated as described and provided with radial arms C¹ and
hub C2, the central toothed disc E, and the swinging adjusting arm F, substantially
as described.
3
A
1
1005
CHES 100 day of
J. E. BLACKSHAW,
G. H. ROGERS,
By A. M. & Wm. Clark,
53, Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agents.