Improvements in Double Shuttle Looms, and in Weaves Produced therein.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 7th May, 1896
Complete Specification Left, 6th Feb., 1897-Accepted, 20th Mar., 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Double Shuttle Looms, and in Weaves Produced
therein.
I, JOSE REIXACH a Managing Director of Lister and Company Limited of
Manningham Mills Bradford in the County of York do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
My improvements relate to double shuttle looms and to weaves produced
therein.
The well known "Taffeta " weave, which has one pile tied into one piece by
three picks in succession and then into the other piece by three picks in succession
has hitherto not been available for use in the double shuttle loom but by my
invention as described in the following I am enabled to weave this cloth in the
double shuttle loom.
I employ two pile threads lying side by side in the same dent or split; one of
these threads is tied by three picks into the top piece at the same time as the other
is tied into the bottom piece by the three corresponding picks of weft.
The first pair of picks :-The 1st pile thread is passed round the back of the
weft thread of the top piece and the 2nd pile round the back of the weft thread of
the bottom piece.
The second pair of picks:-The 1st pile thread is passed round the face of the
top pick and the 2nd round the face of the bottom pick.
The third pair of picks :-The 1st pile thread is passed round the back of the
top pick and the 2nd round the back of the bottom pick.
The fourth pair of picks :-The 2nd pile thread is crossed over and passed
round the back of the top pick and the 1st round the back of the bottom pick.
The fifth pair of picks The 2nd pile thread is passed round the face of the
top pick and the 1st round the face of the bottom pick.
The sixth pair of picks :-The 2nd pile thread is passed round the back of the
top pick and the 1st round the back of the bottom pick. The cycle of picks is now
complete and the first pair follows.
The tying in or weave for double pile fabrics described in Patent No. 176208.
I also apply to the double shuttle loom as follows:-
The two picks of weft which are thrown simultaneously immediately after the
crossing of the warp sheds in the top and bottom pieces, have not the pile threads
passed round them but the pile which had last been bound in the top piece is
brought to the bottom of the top piece shed, and the pile which had last been
bound in the bottom piece is brought to the top of the bottom piece shed so that
the top shuttle passes over and the bottom shuttle passes under both the pile
threads.
The next two picks of weft are thrown into the same warp sheds as the preceding
and bind alternate threads of pile into the top and bottom pieces one pile thread
being raised above the top piece shed and the other or alternate pile thread being
depressed below the bottom piece shed. To effect this the pile tappets are made.

page_text: with three distinct lifts, one for the top of the top piece shed, one for the middle
between the two sheds, and one for the bottom below the bottom piece shed.
The pile is also covered on the back of both pieces by floating warps one of
which rides for three picks above the top piece, the middle pick of which carries
one pile thread; at the same time as the other rides for the three corresponding
picks thrown at the same time in the bottom piece the middle pick of which carries
the other pile thread.
The pile threads where they are bound into either ground are held by a single
pick of weft and bound between two ground warps above and two below the weft.
In a modification the tying in of the ground and floating warps may be reversed
the ground warps floating over three picks and under, one, and the floating warps
over two and under two picks.
Vi
The tying in or weave described in Patent No. 2491 I apply to the double
shuttle loom as follows:-
The order of throwing the picks and the tying in of the ground warp threads is
the same as before but there are two pile threads in each dent or split and the two
picks of weft which are thrown simultaneously tie in one of these pile threads to
the top piece and the other to the bottom piece-these two pile threads cross from
one piece to the other and so make pile at the time when the two pile threads
in the adjacent split or dent are being tied in, one into each piece. Each pair of
pile threads is bound into the ground of each piece between two warp threads one
on either side which work oppositely to the pile threads.
In this as in the other weaves herein described the tappets which actuate the
pile healds are made with grooves on three different heights or planes-bowls run
in these grooves and give by means of levers three different lifts to the pile healds 1
one for the top of the top piece shed, one for the middle, between the two sheds:
and the third for the bottom below the bottom piece shed.
The weave or tying in described in the following is to produce in a double
shuttle loom a fabric in which the pile is fast, that is tied into the grounds, and not
tied round a single pick of weft only to take up as little of the pile as possible in
tying in to the grounds and to distribute the pile tafts as evenly as possible over
the face of the piece without forming lines, two picks of weft being inserted one in
the top piece and one in the bottom piece at each stroke of the loom.
I employ in one split or dent two pile threads called hereafter the 1st and 2nd pile
threads which lie side by side and work oppositely that is, when one is tied into
the top piece the other is tied into the corresponding picks of the bottom piece.
Next to these in the other split are the 3rd and 4th pile ends tied into the grounds
in the same manner; each pilo tbread is tied into the ground of cach piece by
three picks of weft.
The first pair of picks :-The first and third pile ends are passed to the back of
the weft thread of the top piece and the second and fourth pile ends are passed to
the back of the weft thread of the bottom piece.
The second pair of picks :-The 3rd pile end is passed to the face of the weft
thread of the top piece and the 4th pile end is passed to the face of the weft
thread, of the bottom piece.
The third pair of picks:-The 2nd and 3rd pile ends are passed round the
back of the top pick and the. 1st and 4th round the back of the bottom pick.
The fourth pair of picks:-The 2nd pile end is passed round the face of the top.
pick and the 1st round the face of the bottom pick.
The fifth pair of picks :-The 2nd and 4th pile ends are passed round the
back of the top pick and the 1st and 3rd round the back of the bottom piece.
The sixth pair of picks -The fourth pile end is passed round the face of the
top pick and the 3rd round the face of the bottom pick.
The seventh pair of picks :-The 1st and 4th pile ends are passed round the back
of the top pick and the 2nd and 3rd round the back of the bottom pick.
The eighth pair of picks :-The first pile end is passed round the face of the
top pick and the 2nd round the face of the bottom pick.

page_text: This completes the cycle of picks and the first pair of picks now follows
and so on.
The ground warps in each piece are crossed every pick i.e. the threads that are
raised for the first pick are depressed for the second and vice versa and they are
again crossed to their original position for the third pick and so on.
If it is desired to obtain a heavier cloth more than two warps may be used and
they may be crossed in any manner to enable thicker threads of warp and weft
to be used.
In the loom the pile is delivered to the piece by a revolving roller actuated
by a star and peg motion.
On the low shaft of the loom is mounted a peg wheel carrying one or more
pegs and engaging with notches cut in a star wheel. I use by preference a star
wheel with eight notches so that each stroke of the peg causes it to rotate one
eighth of a revolution.
The rotation of the star wheel occurs when the pile is crossing from one piece
to the other, the pile is thus stationary when tying in to either piece and is
delivered by the pile roller when it is required to form the length of pile between
the two pieces.
On the star wheel is fitted a pinion driving an intermediate
wheel revolving on a stud which is mounted on a movable hand lever to facilitate
throwing out of gear the motion when required. The pile is passed round the pile
roller and then round a nip roller bearing on the pile roller.
Two weft forks of the usual pattern are arranged one above the other. To guide
the weft of the top shuttle to the top weft fork and the weft of the bottom shuttle
to the bottom weft fork I employ two wires or bands tied up, one above the other,
behind the healds, these wires are taken through the reed and crossed so that the
top wire conducts the weft to the lower weft fork and vice versa: this weft guide is
an improvement on the solid guide mentioned in Patent No. 332778.
By another method I use two weft works, one at each side of the loom, that on
oue side is arranged to control the weft of the top shuttle and that on the other
side the weft of the bottom shuttle each fork has its own grate and hammer and
works independently of the other; the fork which is on the side furthest away
from the belt handle is connected to it by a rod or lever taken across the loom.
Dated this 6th day of May 1896.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Double Shuttle Looms, and in Weaves Produced
therein.
I, JOSÉ REIXACH, a Managing Director of Lister and Company Limited, of
Manningham Mills, Bradford, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My improvements relate to double shuttle looms and to weaves produced
therein.
The well known "Taffeta " weave which has one pile tied into one piece by three
picks in succession and then into the other piece by three picks in succession has
hitherto not been available for use in the double shuttle loom but by my invention
as described in the following I am enabled to weave this cloth in the double
shuttle loom.
I employ two pile threads lying side by side in the same dent or split; one of

page_text: these threads is tied by three picks into the top piece at the same time as the other
is tied into the bottom piece by the three corresponding picks of weft..
Figures 1 and 2 show my double shuttle "Taffeta" weave, the two pile threads A
and B lie side by side in the same dent or split see Figure 2.
C and D are the warp threads of the top piece and CD' are the warp threads
of the bottom piece.
The first pair of picks.-The 1st pile thread A. is passed round the back of the
weft thread of the top piece and the 2nd pile B round the back of the weft thread
of the bottom piece.
The second pair of picks.-The 1st pile thread is passed round the face of the
top pick and the 2nd round the face of the bottom pick.
The third pair of picks.-The 1st pile thread is passed round the back of the top
pick and the 2nd round the back of the bottom pick.
The fourth pair of picks.-The 2nd pile thread is crossed over and passed round
the back of the top pick and the 1st round the back of the bottom pick.
The fifth pair of picks.-The 2nd pile thread is passed round the face of the top
pick and the 1st round the face of the bottom pick.
The sixth pair of picks.-The 2nd pile thread is passed round the back of the top
pick and the 1st round the back of the bottom pick. The cycle of picks is now
complete and the first pair follows.
The tying in or weave for double pile fabrics described in Patent No. 176209
I also apply to the double shuttle loom as follows:-
The two picks of weft which are thrown simultaneously immediately after the
crossing of the warp sheds in the top and bottom pieces, have not the pile threads
passed round them but the pile which had last been bound in the top piece is
brought to the bottom of the top piece shed, and the pile which had last been bound
in the bottom piece is brought to the top of the bottom piece shed so that the top
shuttle passes over and the bottom shuttle passes under both the pile threads.
The next two picks of weft are thrown into the same warp sheds as the preceding
and bind alternate threads of pile into the top and bottom pieces one pile thread
being raised above the top piece shed and the other or alternate pile thrend being
depressed below the bottom piece shed. To effect this the pile tappets are made
with three distinct lifts, one for the top of the top piece shed, one for the middle
between the two sheds, and one for the bottom below the bottom piece shed.
The pile is also covered on the back of both pieces by floating warps one of
which rides for three picks above the top piece, the middle pick of which carries
one pile thread, at the same time as the other rides for the three corresponding
picks thrown at the same time in the bottom piece the middle pick of which carries
the other pile thread.
The pile threads where they are bound into either ground are held by a single
pick of weft and bound between two ground warps above and two below
the weft.
Figures 3 and 4 show this novel double weave. The pile thread E is held
between the ground warps K K and is covered at the back by the floating warp M
which is shown consisting of double ends in Figure 4.
The pile thread G in the adjacent split is held between the warp threads H and
covered at the back by the floating warp N. The picks of weft 3, 31 which are
thrown immediately after the crossing of the warp threads do not tie in the pile
threads to the ground of either piece; the picks 4, 4' which are next thrown tie in
alternate pile threads to the top and bottom pieces.
In a modification the tying in of the ground and floating warps may be reversed
the ground warps floating over three picks and under one, and the floating warps
over two and under two picks.
The tying in or weave described in Patent No. 2491 I apply to the double
shuttle loom as follows:-
The order of throwing the picks and the tying in of the ground warp threads is
the same as before but there are two pile threads in each dent or split and the two

page_text: picks of weft which are thrown simultaneously tie in one of these pile threads to the
top piece and the other to the bottom piece-these two pile threads cross from one
piece to the other and so make pile at the time when the two pile threads in the
adjacent split or dent are being tied in, one into each piece. Each pair of pile
threads is bound into the ground of each piece between two warp threads one on
either side which work oppositely to the pile threads.
In this as in the other weaves herein described the tappets which actuate the pile
healds are made with grooves on three different heights or planes-bowls run
in these grooves and give by means of levers three different lifts to the pile healds
one for the top of the top piece shed, one for the middle between the two sheds and
the third for the bottom below the bottom piece shed.
Figures 5 and 6 show the above described double shuttle weave. The pair of
pile threads P and O which lie in the same split are held between the warp
threads S S and are tied in by the four picks of weft 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, 7, 8, 1; the
pair of pile threads Q R which lie in the adjacent split are held between the ground
warps T T and are tied in by the four picks of weft 8, 1, 2, 3 and 4, 5, 6, 7.
The weave or tying in described in the following and shown in Figures 7 and 8
is to produce in a double shuttle loom a fabric in which the pile is fast, that is tied
into the grounds, and not tied round a single pick of weft only, to take up as little
of the pile as possible in tying into the grounds and to distribute the pile tufts as
evenly as possible over the face of the piece without forming lines, two picks of
welt being inserted one in the top piece and one in the bottom piece at each stroke
of the loom.
1 employ in one split or dent two pile threads U and V called hereafter the 1st
and 2nd pile threads which lie side by side and work oppositely that is, when one
is tied into the top piece the other is tied into the corresponding picks of the
bottom piece. Next to these in the other split are the 3rd and 4th pile ends tied
into the grounds in the same manner, these are marked X and W, each pile thread
is tied into the ground of each piece by three picks of weft.
The first pair of picks :-The first and third pile ends are passed to the back of
the weft thread of the top piece and the second and fourth pile ends are passed to
the back of the weft thread of the bottom piece.
The second pair of picks :-The 3rd pile end is passed to the face of the weft
thread of the top piece and the 4th pile end is passed to the face of the weft thread
of the bottom piece.
The third pair of picks :-The 2nd and 3rd pile ends are passed round the back of
the top pick and the 1st and 4th round the back of the bottom pick.
The fourth pair of picks:-The 2nd pile end is passed round the face of the top
pick and the 1st round the face of the bottom pick.
The fifth pair of picks --The 2nd and 4th pile ends are passed round the back
of the top pick and the 1st and 3rd round the back of the bottom piece.
The sixth pair of picks :-The 4th pile end is passed round the face of the top
pick and the 3rd round the face of the bottom pick.
The seventh pair of picks :-The 1st and 4th pile ends are passed round the back
of the top pick and the 2nd and 3rd round the back of the bottom pick.
The eighth pair of picks:-The first pile end is passed round the face of the top
pick and the 2nd round the face of the bottom pick.
This completes the cycle of picks and the first pair of picks now follows
and so on.
The ground warps y z in each piece are crossed every pick i.e. the threads that
are raised for the first pick are depressed for the second and vice versa and they are
again erossed to their original position for the third pick and so on.
If it is desired to obtain a heavier cloth more than two warps may be used and
they may be crossed in any manner to enable thicker threads of warp and weft to
be used.
In the loom the pile is delivered to the piece by a revolving roller actuated by a
star and peg motion.

page_text: On the low shaft of the loom is mounted a peg wheel carrying one or more pegs
and engaging with notches cut in a star wheel. "I use by preference a star wheel
with eight notches so that each stroke of the peg causes it to rotate one eighth of
a revolution.
The rotation of the star wheel occurs when the pile is crossing from one piece
to the other, the pile is thus stationary when tying in to either piece and is delivered
by the pile roller when it is required to form the length of pile between the two
pieces. On the star wheel is fitted a pinion driving an intermediate wheel revolving
on a stud which is mounted on a movable hand lever to facilitate throwing out of
gear the motion when required. The pile is passed round the pile roller and then
round a nip roller bearing on the pile roller.
Figure 9 shews the above described apparatus for delivering the pile to the
piece. A is the low shaft of the loom carrying the peg wheel B: CC are the
pegs which may be of any number as required, these engage with notches D in
the star wheel E on which is mounted a pinion wheel G gearing with a large
intermediate wheel H. The hand lever K pivotted at L is fixable at any part of
the slide M by a thumb screw N. P is the change wheel the number of teeth in
which can be altered to give the length of pile required; both the change wheel P
and the intermediate H are mounted on the hand lever K and can thus be readily
moved in and out of gear with the pile roller wheel Q. S is the pile roller and
the pile is shewn by the dotted line'S' passing round the pile roller and pressed on
to it by and passing round the nip roller T running on the slide V. Stopping gear
I arrange as follows:-
Two weft forks of the usual pattern are arranged one above the other. To
guide the weft of the top shuttle to the top weft fork and the weft of the bottom
shuttle to the bottom weft fork I employ two wires or bands tied up, one above the
other, behind the healds, these wires are taken through the reed and crossed so that
the top wire conducts the weft to the lower weft fork and vice versa: this weft
guide is an improvement on the solid guide mentioned in Patent No. 3327",
Figure 10 shews the above described arrangement for guiding the wefts to their
proper weft forks,
A is the top shuttle and A' the bottom shuttle. B, C are the warp threads of
the top piece and D, E are the warps for the bottom piece they are raised and
depressed by the healds F. F FF. The wires G and H are carried from the
support K through the reed M to the support L behind the healds.
The weft from the shuttle A is carried up the wire guide G to the top weft
fork P, and the weft from the bottom shuttle A' is carried down the wire guide H
to the bottom weft fork R.
By another method or modification of the above I use two weft forks, one at
each side of the loom, that on one side is arranged to control the weft of the top
shuttle and that on the other side the weft of the bottom shuttle each fork has its
own grate and hammer and works independently of the other, the fork which is on
the side furthest away from the belt handle is connected to it by a rod or lever
taken across the loom.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The double shuttle Taffeta weave substantially as described and shown in
respect to Figures 1 and 2 of the drawings.
2. The double shuttle weave substantially as shown and described in respect to
Figures 3 and 4 of the drawings.
3. The double shuttle weave substantially as shown and described in respect to
Figures 5 and 6 of the drawings.
4. The double shuttle weave substantially as shown and described in respect to
. Figures 7 and 8 of the drawings.

page_text: 5. In double shuttle looms mechanism for letting off the pile warp substantially
as described and shown in respect to Figure 9 of the drawings.
6. In double shuttle looms the means for conveying the wefts to their respective
weft forks substantially as described and shown in respect to Figure 10 of the.
drawings.
J. REIXACH.