Year: 1885

page_text: I, LOUIS CARL HENRY MENSING of Florence Villa Bloomfield Road Chelmsford
in the County of Essex Scientific Instrument Manufacturer do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object improvements in locks and latches.
My improved lock can be made as a mortice lock. The lock case: for such a
lock is cylindrical and adapted to be received into a centre bit hole formed in
the door.
The case of the lock is divided longitudinally from the rear to within a short
distance of the fore end, the portion so detached forms a cover removeable to give
access to the works of the lock. The cover is secured by a single screw inserted
end wise into the case in rear and at the fore end projections on the cover are
provided to engage with corresponding recesses in the case. Holes are formed
transversely through the case and cover to receive the lock spindle and the key.
The bolt at the fore part is cylindrical, in rear it is flattened and increased in
width so that it projects through the case on either side into guide apertures left
for it between the case and cover.
The bevilled nose of the bolt is a separate piece, it has a stem which enters
a socket at the fore end of the bolt and is secured by a transverse screw.
This
nose piece can be fixed in either of two positions and the lock can consequently
be used either on right or left hand doors.
:
The bolt may be made or provided with a square head if desired, either
reversible or otherwise.
To receive the nose piece of the bolt the interior diameter of the case is increased
and provision also is thus made to accommodate a coiled spring which pressing
upon the rear face of the nose piece throws the bolt forward except when by
turning the handle the spring is overpowered. The lock spindle passes through
an elongated hole in the bolt and in this hole is the tumbler, it has teeth upon it
and these teeth engage with corresponding teeth on the bolt. The teeth are
formed within the elongated hole in the bolt and along one side of it.
Thus when the lock spindle which in the usual way passes through the tumbler
is turned the bolt is drawn back and its nose passes within the casing.
The terminal teeth on the tumbler are made stouter than the other teeth so that
they may not be injured by overturning.
The key also when inserted passes through an elongated hole in the bolt in
which also the parts of the lock are contained. The locking bolt is a small lever
capable of turning on a pin or stud which passes transversely through the case
and cover from side to side, a spring tends to hold this bolting lever with its
length in the direction of the axis of the cylindrical case and projecting forwards.
D
37

page_text: When it is in this position the main bolt can be withdrawn for at the fore end
of the hole through the main bolt there is a recess to accommodate the bolting
lever when in this position. The key however operates to set the bolting lever
into such a position that it does not enter the recess but comes against a shoulder
on the bolt on one side of the recess and then the bolt cannot be withdrawn.
The bolting lever is operated by the key in the following manner :-
:-Surrounding
the key hole there is a disc or cylinder with a tooth or projection upon it to act
against the tail of the bolting lever and with a hole through it into which the
key passes.
In locking and unlocking the key makes a complete turn but the disc or
cylinder makes but half a turn. The operation of the key in locking is during
the first half of its rotation to free the disc or cylinder from a retaining tooth
as I will presently describe and then a bit upon the key comes to the end of
a groove within the disc or cylinder which so far has given it free passage.
During the second half of the rotation of the key it carries the disc or cylinder
round with it and at the end of the motion the retaining tooth again falls in aud
secures this disc or cylinder with the projection upon it now in position to displace
the bolting lever and so prevent the main bolt from coming back.
Similarly in unlocking the key makes a balf turn without moving the disc or
cylinder but simply freeing it from the retaining tooth and in the remainder of its
movement the key carries the disc or cylinder round with it.
The retaining tooth engages with two diametrically opposite notches in the disc
or cylinder; it is formed at the end of a lever bar which is capable of sliding
within a socket.
There is a blade spring attached to the outer end of the lever bar and this spring
also enters the socket and pressing against an inclined side tends to move the lever
`bar out of the socket and towards the disc or cylinder and to make the retaining
tooth engage with the notches therein. When the key is turned a bit upon it
comes against inclined projections on the lever bar and thrusting it back removes
the tooth from the notch and releases the disc or cylinder. Two or more such
lever bars may be employed if desired. Within the disc or cylinder a screen is
fitted consisting of a split tube. The key when inserted enters the split tube, the
bits of the key projecting out.
The tube turns with the key. A ward or wards may be provided within the
split tube corresponding to a groove or grooves cut in the stem of the key.
The rosette for the knob and the key hole plate I form together in one piece.
I make latches in a similar manner simply omitting the locking parts.
In like manner also I make half round locks and latches to be fixed to the
exterior of a door.
I sometimes substitute for the rack on the bolt and the teeth on the tumbler
a pair of projections on the tumbler operating on corresponding projections on the
bolt in different planes and one acting after the other.
Sometimes I provide a link connection between the bolt and the tumbler.
Sometimes in place of the single.bolting lever I provide a pair and these are
moved in opposite directions by the action of the key.
The bolting lever or levers can also be actuated by connection with a bolt
operated as in a lock of any ordinary construction.
Dated this 19th day of September 1885.

page_text: I LOUIS CARL HENRY MENSING of Florence Villa Bloomfield Road Chelmsford
in the County of Essex Scientific Instrument Manufacturer do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in locks and latches.
My improved lock can be made as a mortice lock. The lock case for such a lock
is cylindrical and adapted to be received into a centre bit hole formed in the door..
The case of the lock is divided longitudinally from the rear to within a short
distance of the fore end, the portion so detached forms a cover removeable to give
access to the works of the lock. The cover is secured by a single screw inserted
endwise into the case in rear and at the fore end projections on the cover are.
provided to engage with corresponding recesses in the case. Holes are formed
transversely through the case and cover to receive the lock spindle and the key.
The bolt at the fore part is cylindrical, in rear it is flattened and increased in
width so that it projects through the case on either side into guide apertures left
for it between the case and cover.
The bevilled nose of the bolt is a separate piece. This nose piece can be fixed
in either of two positions and the lock can consequently be used either on right or
left hand doors.
The bolt may be made or provided with a square head if desired, either reversible
or otherwise.
A coiled spring pressing upon the rear face of the nose piece throws the bolt
forward except when by turning the handle the spring is overpowered. The lock
spindle passes through an elongated hole in the bolt and in this hole is. the
follower, it has teeth upon it, and these teeth engage with corresponding teeth on
the bolt. The teeth are formed within the elongated hole in the bolt and along
one side of it. Thus when the lock spindle which in the usual way passes through
the tumbler is turned the bolt is drawn back and its nose passes within the casing.
The terminal teeth on the tumbler are made stouter than the other teeth so that
they may not be injured by overturning. The key also when inserted passes
through an elongated hole in the bolt in which also the parts of the lock are
contained. The locking bolt is a small lever capable of turning on a pin or stud, a
spring tends to hold this bolting lever with its length in the direction of the axis
of the cylindrical case and projecting forwards. When it is in this position the
main bolt can be withdrawn for at the fore end of the hole through the main bolt
there is a recess to accommodate the bolting lever when in this position. The key
however operates to set the bolting lever into such a position that it does not enter
the recess but comes against a shoulder on the bolt on one side of the recess and
then the bolt cannot be withdrawn.
The bolting lever is operated by the key in the following manner. Surrounding
the key hole there is a disc or cylinder with a tooth or projection upon it to act
against the tail of the bolting lever and with a hole through it into which the
key passes.

page_text: In locking and unlocking the key makes a complete turn but the disc or cylinder
makes but half a turn. The operation of the key in locking is during the first
half of its rotation to free the disc or cylinder from a retaining tooth as I will
presently describe and then a bit upon the key comes to the end of a groove
within the disc or cylinder which so far has given it free passage.
During the second half of the rotation of the key it carries the disc or cylinder
round with it and at the end of the motion the retaining tooth again falls in and
secures this disc or cylinder with the projection upon it now in position to displace
the bolting lever and so prevent the main bolt from coming back.
Similarly in unlocking the key makes a half turn without moving the disc or
cylinder but simply freeing it from the retaining tooth and in the remainder of its
movement the key carries the disc or cylinder round with it.
The retaining tooth engages with two diametrically opposite notches in the disc
or cylinder; it is formed at the end of a lever bar which is capable of sliding
within a socket.
There is a blade spring attached to the outer end of the lever bar and this spring
also enters the socket and pressing against an inclined side tends to move the lever
bar out of the socket and towards the disc or cylinder and to make the retaining
tooth engage with the notches therein. When the key is turned a bit upon it
comes against inclined projections on the lever bar and thrusting it back removes
the tooth from the notch and releases the disc or cylinder. Two or more such lever
bars may be employed if desired. Within the disc or cylinder a screen is fitted
consisting of a split tube. The key when inserted enters the split tube, the bits of
the key projecting out.
The tube turns with the key. A ward or wards may be provided within the
split tube corresponding to a groove or grooves cut in the stem of the key.
I make latches in a similar manner simply omitting the locking parts.
In like manner also, I make half round locks and latches to be fixed to the
exterior of a door.
I sometimes substitute for the rack on the bolt and the teeth on the follower a
pair of projections on the follower operating on corresponding projections on the
bolt in different planes and one acting after the other.
Sometimes I provide a link connection between the bolt and the follower.
In order that my said invention may be fully understood and readily carried
into effect I will proceed to describe the drawings hereunto annexed.
Figure 1 is a plan of a lock constructed in accordance with my invention and
adapted to be fitted into a centre bit hole.
.
Figure 2 is a side elevation.
Figure 3 a front elevation.
Figure 4 a rear elevation of the same lock.
Figure 5 is a side elevation of the lock with the cover of the case removed.
Figure 6 is a longitudinal section.
Figure 7 shows separately a side elevation of the bolt.
Figure 8 is a plan of the bolt.
Figure 9 a transverse section on the line 1. 1. in Figure 7.
Figures 10 show three views of the bolting lever with its spring.
Figures 11 show various views of the toothed disc or cylinder surrounding the
key hole.
Figure 11 is a section on the line 2, 2, in Figure 11.
Figures 12 show three views of the retaining tooth and parts connected
therewith.
Figure 13 is a side elevation of the key partly in section.
Figure 14 is an end view of the key.
Figure 15 shows a modification of the follower and is a vertical and longitudinal
section.
Figure 16 is a horizontal and longitudinal section.
Figure 17 is a trenoverse vertical section.

page_text: Figure 18 is an elevation partly in section showing another modification of the
follower it being in this case connected by a link with the bolt.
Figure 19 is an elevation of a lock in which the bolting parts are in rear of the
follower; this is an outside lock and its case is semitubular.
Figure 20 is an end elevation of a latch without bolting parts.
Figure 21 is an elevation of the case which also is semitubular.
A, A, is the case of the lock and A¹ is the removeable part which forms the
cover. The cover at its fore end at A* has projections which enter corresponding
recesses in the case which aid in holding the cover in place. The cover is further
secured by a screw B which passes through the end piece A' which is formed in
one piece with the cover and the screw enters a block A³ forming a portion of the
main case. C is the bolt at its fore end at C¹ it is cylindrical; in rear at C³ it is
flattened and increased in width and here it projects out on either side through
openings left for it in the side of the case or if preferred it may be made somewhat
narrower and simply enter recesses here provided. The nose C³ of the bolt, which
is bevelled in the usual manner is secured by a screw C. The screw passes
through a hole in the nose piece into the projecting end of the main bolt. The
position of the nose can be reversed by removing this screw C, turning the nose
half round and then re-inserting the screw. C³ are rack teeth formed upon the
bolt to receive corresponding teeth upon the follower. The follower is received
into the aperture Co formed through the bolt. C7 is another aperture through the
bolt into which the parts of the lock are received and through which the key
passes. Or in place of arranging the locking parts in the portion of the bolt
between the nose C³ and the follower, the locking parts may be transferred to the
rear of the bolt. This arrangement is shown by Figure 19. D is a coiled spring
which acting on a shoulder, at the base of the nose piece C³, and also upon an
opposite shoulder provided within the lock case, tends constantly to throw the bolt
forward and to cause the nose piece C³ to project from the front plate-E is the
follower, it is formed with teeth E¹ engaging with the rack teeth C³. The necks of
this follower are received into holes fitted to them and formed in the lock case and
in the cover. The square spindle to receive the handle passes through the follower
as usual.
The terminal teeth E, E, of the tumbler are made of increased thickness, as
shown, so that they may be strong enough to stop the movement of the tumbler at
the ends of its course without thereby becoming injured or rapidly worn.
F, F, are the key holes formed through the lock case and cover-G is a tube
within the key hole the key passes into it.
The ends of the tube G are received into bosses within the lock case, which are
recessed to fit the tube. The toothed disc H turns upon the tube G which serves
to keep it in place. There is a ward G¹ within the tube G, and a corresponding
notch in the key. I is the key, and I is the notch for the ward. The key has
three bits, a central bit.I' which operates to turn the toothed disc H at the proper
time and other bits I³ I³ which operate to force back the retaining tooth. H¹ is a
tooth or projection upon the disc H which acts upon the tail K¹ of the locking
bolt K-K is the fulcrum of the locking bolt-it is a pin screwed into the lock
plate. K is the spring of the locking bolt. The retaining tooth J is formed at the
end of a stem J and this is able to slide to and fro in a socket L-fixed within the
lock case.
The socket L also receives within it the spring J2 attached to
the stem J-This spring Js being inclined gives to the stem J' a tendency to
travel forward out of the socket L when it is allowed to do so.-J³ J³ are
projections also fixed upon the stem J¹ and with these projections the bits I³ I³
upon the key come into contact. When the key is turned in the direction for
locking and has made about a quarter turn the bits of the key come against the
inclined ends of the projections J3 J3 and the stem J¹ is pressed back and so it is
retained until the key has completed half a turn; shortly after the bits of the key
leave the projections.

page_text: When the key is turned in the direction for locking the bits 13 of the key meet
the inclined ends of the projections J³ just before the key has completed its half
turn, and the key then pushes the stem J¹ into its socket. The action in either
case is that the retaining tooth J by the time the key has made half a revolution
is removed from the notch H2 H2 of the disc H with which up to this time it has
been engaged.
Immediately the retaining tooth is thus removed the bit I being against the
solid central portion H³ of the disc causes the disc to turn with the key and then
until the key completes its rotation it carries the disc H round with it. This brings
the opposite notch H³ in the disc to the tooth J which immediately falls in and the
key is then in a position to be withdrawn from the key-hole.
In Figure 6 the bolting lever K is shown in the locked position; the tooth H¹
on the disc H is pressing against the tail K¹ of the lever K and holding it against
the resistance of the spring K³ so that its end abuts upon a shoulder provided on
the main bolt C as is clearly seen in Figure 6.
When in the operation of unlocking the disc H is turned half round, the bolting
lever K is released and its spring K³ brings it at once to the position in which it is
shown in Figure 5; then the main bolt is free to be drawn back by the operation
of the follower E, there being then a recess in the bolt C immediately in front of
the end of the bolting lever K, and when the main bolt C retires, the bolting
lever K is received into this recess.
In Figures 15, 16 and 17 in place of having rack teeth on the bolt and corre-
sponding teeth upon the follower the bolt and the follower are both provided with
projections in two planes. The bolt has projections OO in the front plane as seen
in Figure 15 and other projections 01 01 in the back plane; whilst the follower
has projections P P (corresponding to the projections O. O.) and in the front plane
and another projection Q (corresponding to the projections O¹ O') in the back plaue.
When the follower is turned by the handle and the spring passing through it one
or other of the projections P acts against the corresponding projection O and forces
the bolt back against the resistance of its spring and then before this projection P
passes out of contact with the projection O the projection Q comes in contact with
one or other of the projections O₁ and so the movement of the bolt is continued
until it has been forced back as far as is necessary.
In Figure 18 another arrangement is adopted-The follower R bas a link S
jointed to it and this link is by another joint connected with the extremity of the
bolt T. U shows a portion of a coiled spring which serves to throw the bolt
forward.
I make latches similar to the lock which I have described by omitting simply
the bolting lever and all parts in connection with it and with the key ;-in the latch
of course the case and the bolt can be made much shorter than when room is
required for the locking parts. Figures 20 and 21 show such a latch ;-in place of
moving the bolt by a handle and follower it may be moved by a key. Where a
lock or latch is required. to be fixed to the outside of a door the case may
conveniently as here shown be made half round or of other form flat on one face,
the construction of the lock or latch remaining in other respects unchanged.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is -
1. A lock or latch with a cylindrical case of which the fore part forms a spring
box and contains a coiled spring operating against a shoulder within the case
and another shoulder in rear of the removable noze of the bolt substantially as
described.
2. A lock or latch with a cylindrical case of which the after part is removable
and is secured by projections A* on the cover entering corresponding recesses and
a screw B passing through an end piece A² on the cover and entering a block A³
on the body of the case.

page_text: 3. A lock or latch with a cylindrical case with guide openings or recesses in its
sides between the body of the case and its cover and a bolt with flattened projections
entering the guide openings or recesses substantially as described.
4. A lock or latch with a cylindrical case with guide openings in its sides and a
bolt with flattened projections entering the guide openings and receiving the
follower between them substantially as described.
5. A lock or latch with a follower with gear teeth engaging with corresponding
teeth upon the bolt, the terminal teeth being made stouter than the other teeth
substantially as described.
6. The combination of the locking parts consisting of the toothed disc H retaining
piece J and bolting lever K substantially as described.
7. The method of operating the bolt of a lock or latch by a follower having
successive projections upon it operating in conjunction with successive projections
on the bolt substantially as described.
8. A lock or latch substantially as described with the case either cylindrical or
of a form suited to be fixed to the exterior of a door.
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.