Improvements in Burners for Gasifying and Burning Hydrocarbons, chiefly designed for the Production of Light by Incandescence.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 28th July, 1896-Accepted, 24th Oct., 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Burners for Gasifying and Burning Hydrocarbons,
chiefly designed for the Production of Light by Incandescence.
I, SIEGFRIED MARCUS, of No. 4 Mondscheingasse, Vienna, in the Empire of
Austria, Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
The present invention relates to an improved burner for gasifying liquid hydro-
carbons of high and low boiling points, for the purpose of obtaining flames of very
high temperature for heating purposes in general, and in particular for the
production of incandescent light of high intensity, which can be produced either
with or without a glass chimney.
In the accompanying drawing I have shown various constructional forms of
burners such as I use for gasifying light or heavy volatile hydrocarbons. In the
former case, the vapour-producing chamber is comparatively far from the flame in
the lower part of the burner, whereas in the latter case, it is situated immediately
below the orifice of the burner, as a higher temperature is necessary for gasifying
heavy volatile products.
In the said drawing:-
Figures 1-4 show different modifications of the upper part of the burner, the
extensions (2) of which take up the heat from the flame and conduct it to the
vaporization chamber.
Figure 5 shows such upper parts in combination with a burner, the vaporization
chamber of which is situated at the top, whereas in Figure 9 the said chamber is
situated in the lower part of the burner, but having the same construction in all
other points; the former (Figure 5) being adapted for burning heavy and the
latter (Figure 9) for light volatile hydrocarbons.
Figures 6 and 7 are cross sections on the lines z, zand y, y, Figure 5.
Figure 8 deviates from Figure 5 only in the arrangement of several wire gauze
diaphragms in the upper part of the burner.
Figure 9 has also several such wire gauze diaphragms; the other arrangement
of the vaporization chamber is as above.
Figure 10 is a cross section on the line, z Figure 9.
Figure 11 is a side view of the burner, shown in section in Figure 9.
In these constructional forms, the metallic burner-tube 1, in order to obtain the
beat necessary for gasifying the liquid hydrocarbon, is extended at 2 upwards some
millimetres above the base of the flame, so that this extension will be touched by
the flame and will be heated for the purpose of conducting the heat taken up in
this manner through the burner-tube to the vapour-generating chamber 5. In
order to further augment this heat, the said extension 2 is provided with corruga-
tions, teeth or perforations as represented in Figures 1 to 4, so that the burner-tube
presents a larger contact-surface to the action of the flame, and the said extension 2
is, on the one hand, preferably bent slightly inward, whilst, on the other hand, the
wire-gauze cap 3 at the orifice of the burner is appropriately made arc-shaped in
order to deflect the flame laterally.
In the arrangement shown in Figures 5 and 8, the vapour-generating chamber 5
consists of a hollow ring or annular piece 5 fitting the upper part of the burner-
tube 1 internally or externally as the case may be, and in which two tubes 6 and 7
terminate (see also Figures 6 and 7); one tube 6 connects this ring or annular
chamber 5 with the valve-casing 8 of the burner in such a manner that the liquid

page_text: fuel rising through a pipe 9, with or without a wick, can flow through the passage 11,
adapted to be.regulated by means of the screw 10, into the passage 12 and thence
through the tube 6 into the vapour-chamber 5, where it is vaporized by the action
of the heat transmitted, and is conducted downwards again through the other
tube 7, in order to issue from the nozzle 13 in the form of vapour, without being
¡cooled on its way thereto, as. the gas-is conducted along the hot wall of the burner-
tube 1.
This nozzle 13 is situated in the axis of the burner-tube below the orifice of the
burner, atmospheric air being admitted to mix with the rising current of gas
through slits 14 provided in the burner-tube .1 .and preferably covered with wire-
gauze. It should here be observed that these air-admission apertures, differing
from the Bunsen-burner constructions beretofore known, extend from the base of
-the burner, for the purpose of ensuring the admission of an ample quantity of
atmospheric air along the entire path of the gas issuing from the nozzle 13.
Similar slits 15, but not coinciding in position with the slits 14, are provided in the
casing 16. This arrangement of the slits, which are displaced relatively to each
other, and of the exterior casing 16, possesses the advantage that 'firstly the air can
be preliminarily.heated before it is mixed with the current of gas; secondly, that
the burner is protected against the influence of wind, and thirdly, that the flame is
effectually prevented from being thrown back. Moreover, in the upper part of
the burner are a number of wire-gauze diaphragms 17 arranged one above the
other (Figure 8) in such a manner that several small chambers are formed which
effect both the intimate mixing of gas and air and also 'the silent burning of the
flame.
.The constructional form for light volatile fuels, represented in longitudinal and
transverse section and elevation respectively, in Figures 9 to 11, differs from that
herein before described inasmuch as the vapour-chamber 5 is arranged lower down,
and.indeed these, figures represeut a type of the simplest form, in which the smalĺ
tubes.6 and 7 provided in Figures 5 and 8 are dispensed with. "The burner here
consists of the tube 1 having a toothed or other extension at the top (as at 2), the
vapour-nozzle 13, the wire-gauze diaphragms 3 and 17 arranged above the same,
and the exterior casing 16.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed declare that what I
claim is :-
First. A burner for gasifying and burning liquid hydrocarbons, comprising a
metallic burner-tube the upper edge of which projects over the base of the flame
and is toothed, corrugated or perforated, for the purposes of producing a greater
contact-surface between the flame and the said burner-tube and conducting the heat
taken over in this manner to. the vapour-generating chamber, substantially as
thereinbefore described.
Second. In a burner of the kind or class hereinbefore referred to, a vapour-
generating chamber comprising a hollow ring or annular piece (Figures 5 to 8)
arranged in the upper part of the burner (near the orifice of the same), in the
cavity of which, terminate two tubes: one of which serves for conducting the liquid
fuel upward, and the other for conducting the generated gas downward to the
nozzle, substantially as described.
Third. In a burner of the kind or class herein before referred to, a casing
surrounding the burner-tube and furnished with longitudinal slits and covering
over similar slits in, the said burner-tube, thus serving as a security against draught
and against the flame being thrown back, and for preliminarily heating the air to
be mixed with the gas, substantially as described.
Fourth., In a burner of the kind or class herein before réferred to, the employ-
ment of several mixing chambers situated one above another, produced by
separated wire-gauze diaphragms) in the upper part of the burner-tube, for
ensuring the perfect mixing of the atmospheric air with the issuing gas and at

page_text: the same time obviating the noise which would otherwise occur, substantially as
described.
Fifth. The improved burner constructed substantially as described with reference
to either of the forms or modifications shown in the accompanying drawing and
operating as, and for the purposes, above specified.
Dated thia 28th day of July 1896
D. YOUNG & Co.,
11 & 12 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.
D. YOUNG & Co.,
11 & 12 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.