IMPROVE- MENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Charlton and William Turnbull, of Brent-
wood, in the County of Essex, Engineers, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS."
Sealed the 24th December 1856, and dated the 11th July 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Charlton and
William Turnbull at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 11th July 1856.
We, THOMAS CHARLTON and WILLIAM TURNBULL, of Brentwood, in the
County of Essex, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in constructing boilers with two main compartments,
one over the other, connected by suitable waterways or passages; in filling or
placing in the lower compartment tubes, the whole of which are always com-
pletely covered by water supplied to the upper compartment, which is main-
tained filled up to about one-half or two-thirds of its height; and in constructing
the fire box with double flat sides, and with a double arched roof, waterways
being provided between the thicknesses of the sides and roof. We sometimes
carry a flue or flues from the upper part of the fire box under or around the
upper or water compartment.
Our Invention further consists in pumping water from one of our tubular
boilers or from any other boiler into one or more succeeding boilers, and finally
into a boiler in which the steam is to be generated, whereby we can obtain
steam of very high pressure. Every succeeding boiler in the series must be
constructed to withstand a higher pressure than that preceding it.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Charlton and William Turnbull in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 10th January 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, THOMAS
CHARLTON and WILLIAM TURNBULL, of Brentwood, in the County of Essex,
Engineers, send greeting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Thomas Charlton and William Turnbull, Her special licence that we, the said
Thomas Charlton and William Turnbull, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Thomas Charlton and William Turnbull,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS,"
upon the condition (amongst others), that we, the said Thomas Charlton and
William Turnbull, or one of us, our executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under our, or their, or one of our or their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Thomas Charlton and William
Turnbull, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
Drawings annexed, that is to say:-
Our Invention consists in constructing boilers with two main compartments,
one over the other, connected by suitable waterways or passages; in filling or
placing in the lower compartment tubes, the whole of which are always
completely covered by water supplied to the upper compartment, which is
maintained filled up to about one-half or two-thirds of its height; and in con-
structing the fire box with double flat sides, and with a double arched roof,
waterways being provided between the thicknesses of the sides and roof. We
sometimes carry a flue or flues from the upper part of the fire box under or
around the upper or water compartment.

page_text: Our Invention further consists in pumping water from one of our tubular
boilers or from any other boiler into one or more succeeding boilers, and finally
into a boiler in which the steam is to be generated, whereby we can obtain
steam of very high pressure. Every succeeding boiler in the series must be
constructed to withstand a higher pressure than that preceding it.
Figure 1, Sheet 1, represents a sectional elevation; and Figure 2, a cross
section through x, x, of Figure 1 of one of our improved boilers. A is a
bottom boiler or barrel filled with tubes a, a; B, the fire box, formed with flat
sides and arched roof, and attached to the outer shell C by screw stays b, b, at
suitable distances apart; D is the steam and water receiver, united to the
bottom barrel A by cylindrical connections c, c; E is the smoke box; d, the
top flue; and d the bottom flue, passing over and between the receiver and
bottom barrel; F, the plate passing between and separating the flues; G is
the chimney.
Figures 3 and 4, Sheet 1, represent a sectional elevation and cross section
through x, x, of Figure 4 of a compound boiler, in which steam at great
pressure may be generated. There are two boilers one inside the other, and a
steam receiver. The receiver also contains water. Water is first pumped into
the outer boiler and raised to a temperature calculated to generate steam at,
say, 100 lbs. pressure; from this outer boiler the water so heated is pumped
into the inner boiler, in which the steam at a far higher pressure is generated
for working the engine, or otherwise. A is the external boiler, partly filled
with tubes a, a; and B is the inner generator, with tubes; C, the steam and
water receiver, connected to the inner generator by cylindrical connections c, c;
D, the fire box, with flat sides, end, and roof. The sides are united to the
outer shell by screw stays e, e, and the roof is supported by transverse stays f, ƒ,
firmly bolted to it. E is the smoke box; and F, the chimney.
Figures 5 and 6, Sheet 1, represent, in plan and sectional elevation, a
safety valve which we employ in our compound boilers. A represents a part
of a compound boiler; B, the valve case; C, the valve; D, an inside lever;
E, a link attached to the valve; F, the outside lever; and G, the spring
balance. His a spindle to connect the inside lever and valve to the outside
lever and spring balance, for lifting the valve when required; I, passage from
the inner, and K, to the outer generator.
It will be observed that we employ the pressure of the steam in the outer
boiler to aid in keeping down the valve commanding the inner generator, and
that our valve is so constructed that the outer boiler forms itself a safety valve-
or outlet. We intend, however, to fit an ordinary safety valve in addition to
that just described.

page_text: Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 2, represent, in sectional elevation and cross section,
a modification of our improved.compound boiler and generator with cylindrical
fire box and steam receiver. In this casé a steam space is left in the upper
part of the outer boiler, and there is a water space filled with water over the
fire box. A, the outer boilers, with tubes a, a; B, the inner boiler or generator
with tubes b, b; C, the steam and water receiver, connected to the generator
by cylindrical connections c, c, and to the outer boiler by the connections d, d.
D is the cylindrical fire box; F, the water space around the fire box; G, smoke
box; e, the bottom, and a the upper flue. f is a plate separating the top and
bottom flues; H, the chimney,
Figures 3 and 4, Sheet 2, represent a sectional elevation and cross section
a boiler constructed similarly to that shewn at Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 1,
except that the boiler now referred to is formed with a cylindrical fire box.
Figures 5 and 6, Sheet 2, represent, in sectional elevation and cross section,
a modification of our compound boiler, with a cylindrical fire box inside the
outer boiler. A is the outer boiler, with tubes a, a; and B, the inner boiler
or generator, with tubes b, b; and C, the steam and water receiver, connected
to the inner boiler by cylindrical connections c, c, and to the outer boiler by.
pipes d, d. D is the smoke box; E the chimney; F, the fire bridge.
Figures 7 and 8, Sheet 2, are views of a double-acting pump with ball
valves suitable for pumping water from our outer to our inner boilers.
Figures 9 and 10, Sheet 2, are a front elevation and edge view of a damper
which we employ in addition to an ordinary ash-pit damper. The damper
consists of three plates, perforated with holes in such manner that when the
damper is not working, the whole of the perforations come in a line with each
other and with the tubes in the outer boiler. The plates are so connected,
that on turning the damper the first plate partially closes the tubes, the second
plate further closes them, while, if the damper be turned full on, the tubes are
entirely closed.
· Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 3, represent, in side elevation and cross section, a
modification, of our compound boiler, the difference in this case being, that we
employ two water and steam receivers; the one A is connected to the outer
boiler, while the other B, is connected to the inner generator.
Figures 3 and 4, Sheet 3, represent a compound boiler composed of two
outer boilers and one inner boiler or steam generator. A is the outer boiler,
with tubes a, a; B, the second, with tubes b, b; C, the steam' generator, with
tubes c, c; D, steam and water receiver connected to the boiler B; and
D', receiver, connected to the inner generator C; E, the fire box; F, a steam
and water dome over the fire box; G, the smoke box; and H, the chimney..

page_text: Figures 5 and 6, Sheet 3, are sectional elevation and plan of a flue and
tubular compound boiler for stationary or marine purposes. A is the outer
barrel, with tubes a, a; B is a flue; C is an inner steam generator with flue
and grate at one end, and fitted with tubes b, b, at the other; D is the steam
and water receiver, connected to the inner boiler or steam generator and to the
outer barrel; E, one smoke box, and E' another smoke box at the fire box
end of boiler; G, a flue communicating with the chimney.
And having now described the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, we declare that we claim as our improve-
ments in steam generators,-
First, the constructing of steam generators in two or more compartments,
the lower of which contains tubes entirely covered by water in the manner
herein-before described.
Second, the constructing of the sides and top of the fire boxes of boilers with
waterways in the particular manner herein-before described.
Third, the constructing of steam generators with one or more vessels, internal
or otherwise, the water being supplied from that in which there is the least
pressure to that directly or successively in which the steam is to be generated
at its greatest pressure.
And fourth, the particular construction of compound boilers with one or
more internal tubular vessels, working in the manner herein-before described,
and shewn in the Drawings hereunto annexed.
In witness whereof, we, the said Thomas Charlton and William Turnbull,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Tenth day of January One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
THOMAS CHARLTON.
(L.S.)
WILLIAM TURNBULL. (L.S.)