Improvements in and connected with Motors in which an Explosive Mixture of Air and Petroleum is used.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd June, 1889
Complete Specification Left, 3rd Mar., 1890-Accepted, 10th May, 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Motors in which an
Explosive Mixture of Air and Petroleum is used.
We, EDWARD BUTLER, of 55, Old Broad Street, in the City of London, Engineer,
and BUTLER'S PATENT PETROL-CYCLE SYNDICATE, LIMITED, of 55, Old Broad Street,
aforesaid, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in motors in which an explosive mixture of
air and petroleum is used; to reversing gear for use with special applications of such
a motor; and to carburetting devices or inspirators for producing an intimate mixture
of air and petroleum spray for use in petroleum motors.
In the accompanying five sheets of drawings, Fig. 1 shows partly in elevation, and
partly in vertical section, taken in two different planes, a motor constructed according
to this invention.
Fig. 2 shows partly in elevation, and partly in central vertical section, reversing
gear suitable for use with such a motor when the direction of motion of the body
driven thereby, such for example as a propeller shaft, is required to be reversed from
time to time.
Fig. 3 shows the motor partly in end elevation, and partly in transverse section on
the line Fig. 1; it also shows the reversing gear partly in end elevation and partly
in transverse section on the line Fig. 2.
"
Referring to Figs. 1 & 3 of the drawings, 1, 2 & 3 are the working cylinders
provided with trunk pistons 4, 5 & 6 that are coupled in the ordinary manner by
connecting rods to cranks 4, 5 & 6ª respectively, on the shaft 7. The cranks 4° & 5*
are arranged at the same angle and not one in advance of the other, whilst the
crank 6 is arranged at an angle of 180° from the others.
The cylinders, which are carried by pillars 8 from a base plate 8", may be
provided with the usual receptacles 8b for oil whereby they and their pistons are
lubricated.
The cylinders 1 & 2 which are the explosion cylinders and work with a four stroke
cycle, are each provided with a charge chamber 9 for the explosive mixture of air and
petroleum vapour which is admitted thereto (as hereinafter described) through a
port 10 from an inspirator 11, main pipe 12 and branch pipe 13, the admission of the
explosive mixture being controlled by a non-return lift valve 14. The pipe 12 is
provided with a throttle valve at 12 for regulating the speed and power of the motor.
Into each charge chamber 9, project insulated terminals 15 across which an electric
current may be passed at the proper periods for firing the explosive mixture. Any
other suitable means, such as the ordinary heated tube, may be used if desired for
firing the mixture. The cylinder into which the gases after performing work in
the explosion cylinders 1 & 2, are allowed to pass and become further expanded, is of
greater diameter than the other cylinders, and is of such a length that there is
practically no clearance space at its upper end when its piston is at the end of the
inward stroke. The cylinders 1 & 2 are each arranged to be placed in communication
with the cylinder by a passage 16, pipe 17, passage 18. chamber 19, and port 20.
the communication being controlled by an exhaust valve 21 normally held closed upon
its seat by a spring 22, but is lifted at the proper periods by a cam 23. The cams 23.
(one for each exhaust valve 21) are carried by a shaft 24 and are so arranged as to
bear directly against anti-friction wheels or rollers 25 journalled in frames secured to
the spindles of the said valves. 26 is an exhaust valve that controls the communi-
cation between the expansion cylinder 3 and the exhaust chamber 27 and exhaust
pipe 28. This exhaust valve is normally held up on its seat by a spring 29 and is

page_text: lifted at the proper periods, to permit the cylinder 3 to exhaust, by cams 30 secured
on the shaft 24 and acting on the valve spindle in a similar manner to the cams 23 on
the spindles of the valves 21. Non-return lift valves 31, one only of which can be
seen in Fig. 1. serve to prevent the gases when exhausting from one explosion
cylinder to the expansion cylinder 3 from passing to the other explosion cylinder.
The shaft 24 is driven from, and at half the speed of the crank shaft 7.
The
pistons 4 & 5 which make their inward and outward strokes together, receive a
working impulse at every fourth stroke and alternately with each other; the cylinder 3
consequently receives the exhaust from each explosion cylinder alternately and thus
its pistou receives an impulse at each outstroke thereby equalizing the power trans-
mitted to the crank shaft.
The operation of the motor, is as follows:-
Assuming the parts to be in the positions shown in Figs. 1 & 3; that there is an
explosive charge in the charge chamber 9 of cylinder 1; that the pistons 4 & 5
have each completed their inward stroke and the piston 6 its outward stroke; and
that the motor is running, then just as the cranks 4 passes its dead centre, the
explosive mixture in cylinder 1 is fired. The piston then makes its outward
working stroke the piston 5 its outward induction stroke drawing in an explosive
charge through the inspirator, main and branch pipes 12 & 13 and port 10 the
valve 11 lifting; and the piston 6 its inward or exhaustion stroke, the exhaust
valve 26 being at this time lifted by the cam 30 to place the cylinder 3 in communi-
cation with the atmosphere. Upon the instroke of the piston 4, the heated products of
combustion pass from cylinder 1 to cylinder 3 causing the piston therein to make its
working outstroke the communication between the two cylinders being opened by the
lifting of the exhaust valve 21 by its cam 23, whilst the explosive mixture previously
drawn into cylinder 2 is compressed on the instroke of piston 5. This mixture is then
fired, the piston 5 making its working stroke, the piston 4 its outward induction
stroke and drawing in a fresh explosive charge, and the piston 6 its inward or
exhaustion stroke. Upon the instroke of the pistons 4 & 5 the mixture in cylinder 1
will be compressed; the gases in cylinder 2 will be forced into cylinder 3 the exhaust
valve 21 of cylinder 2 being lifted by its cam 23; and the piston 6 will again make
an outward stroke. The compressed charge in cylinder 1 is then fired as before, and
the above described cycle of operations repeated. The cylinder may advantageously
be so proportioned in capacity that a partial vacuum exists therein just before the
completion of the outstroke of its piston, and whilst the exhaust valve of the cylinder
from which the heated products of combustion last came is open, so that the remainder
of such products in the charge chamber of the latter cylinder will be drawn out, and
a corresponding quantity of carburetted air will enter such eylinder by the lifting of
its admission valve 14. By this means purer explosive charges will be obtained and
more powerful effects produced from their explosion, than is the case when they are
mixed with products of combustion from a previous explosion.
3
The cylinders 1 & 2 are each provided with a water jacket 31* through which and
through inlet and outlet pipes 32 & 33, water is caused to flow from a reservoir 34
formed in one side of the base plate 8ª by a plunger pump 35 operated by an
eccentric 36 on the shaft 24. By means of a cock 37 on the pipe 33, a portion of the
heated water may he returned to the reservoir, the remainder escaping by a pipe 38.
The other side of the base plate may be formed with a reservoir 39 for petroleum,
supplied from another vessel and the height of which is maintained approximately
constant by any suitable means..
To assist its restarting, the motor may be so constructed that part of the exhaust
products of combustion stored under pressure in a reservoir during the previous
operation of the motor may be admitted to the cylinder 3. For this purpose the
cover of cylinder may be formed with a chamber 40 and with an opening 41
through which and a pipe 42, part of the exhaust products under pressure from the
explosion cylinders, may pass to the reservoir 40*, until the pressure therein is equal
to that of the said products when passing into cylinder 3. The opening 41 is

page_text: controlled by a non-return lift valve 43. The exhaust products thus stood under
pressure may be readmitted to cylinder 3 through another opening 44 in cover 3*.
This opening is controlled by a valve 45 that can be lifted by means of a lever 46 and
shaft 46 that is caused to oscillate by a lever 47 and rod 48. The lower end of this
rod 48 is formed with a stirrup 49 that embraces cams 50 on the shaft 24. To the
stirrup is hinged a hand catch lever 51, so arranged that when it is secured in the
position shewn and the crank shaft is pulled round to start the motor, thereby
rotating the shaft 24, one or other of the cams 50 will actuate the lift valve 45 and
enable part of the stored exhaust products to enter the cylinder 3, actuating the
piston therein and causing the motor to continue to revolve, the said valve 45 being
lifted at each downstroke of the piston 6. When the motor is set properly in
operation by the drawing in and explosion of combustible mixture, the catch lever 51
is released by hand so as to hang vertically and the lift valve 45 is thereby thrown
out of action.
The reversing gear shewn in Fig. 2 comprises a dished fly wheel 52 carrying a
bevel wheel 53 and secured upon the driving shaft 7 of the motor. 54 is the shaft to
be driven, and the direction of motion of which it is required to occasionally reverse.
Upon the adjacent ends of the shafts and 54 is mounted a block 55 provided with
two arms 56 that carry a frame 57. The block 55 is also provided with two hollow
projections 58 upon each of which is mounted, so as to move endwise thereon but not
to rotate, a friction cone 59 that serves as a bearing for a correspondingly bored level
wheel 60. The two bevel wheels 60 are carried in chambers, that serve as bearings,
within the frame 57, which, to admit of the insertion of such wheels, is constructed in
two parts that can be bolted together. Springs 61, within the projections 58 serve to
normally force the cones 59 into frictional contact with the bevel wheels 60. 62, 62 are
levers pivoted to the frame 57 at 63 and arranged to bear upon the outer ends of the
cones 59. Against the free ends of these levers bears a longitudinally movable
collar 64. 65 is a bevel wheel secured to the shaft 54 and in gear with the bevel
wheels 60. 66 is a friction cone carried by the frame 57; and 67 is another friction
cone able to slide but not to rotate, upon a tubular extension 68 of the thrust block
bearing 69 of the shaft 54. 70 is a hand lever mounted upon a rock shaft 71 that is
provided with lever arms 72 arranged to engage with the cone 67 and move the same
endways when the hand lever is operated. When the parts are in the positions shewn
in Fig. 2, the bevel wheels 60 will be locked in their frame 57 by the cones 59 under
the action of the springs 61, and if the shaft 7 be revolved, these wheels and frame
together with the fly wheel, and bevel wheels 63 and 65, which will be all locked
together, will revolve as one part and rotate the shaft 54 in the same direction without
noise. If the hand lever 70 be moved to the position indicated by the dotted line ef.
the friction cone 67 will engage the cone 66 and lock the frame 57 in position and
also cause the collar 64 to depress the cones 59, against the action of the springs 61.
and unlock the bevel wheels 60. These wheels will then be rotated by the bevel
wheel 53 and drive the bevel wheel 65 and shaft 54 in the reverse direction. To
disengage the shaft 7 from the shaft 54 whilst the former is revolving, the hand lever
must be placed in the central position f g the cones 66, 67 and 59 and bevel
wheels 60 will not then be rigidly held together.by friction but can revolve relatively
to each other, without imparting any motion to the bevel wheel 65 and shaft 54,
which will then remain stationary.
It will be obviousthat this reversing gear maybe variously modified without departing
from the essential features thereof. Thus the springs 61 may be dispensed with, the
arrangement of the levers being correspondingly modified to actuate the cones 59;
also one bevel wheel 60 may be used instead of two.
Fig. 4 is a central longitudinal section of an inspirator and part of an attached
petroleum reservoir adapted for use with a petroleum motor.
This inspirator is similar in general construction to that shewn in Figs. 13 and 14
of the Specification of former Letters Patent granted to one of us iz.. the said
Edward Butler dated 15th November 1887 No. 15598, but is designed to effect a

page_text: better admixture of the petroleum and air than the former construction of inspirator
referred to.
The smaller end of the casing 73 projects into the smaller end of the casing 74 and
is so arranged with reference thereto as to leave an annular chamber 75 between the
two as in the former construction and through which annular space and a small
opening 76 and pipe 77 petroleum is induced to flow from the petroleum reservoir 78
by the inducing action of the current of air drawn through the casings by the
exhausting action of the motor piston.
Within the casings and extending centrally through the nozzle 79 so as to form au
annular air way is a conoidal shaped plug 80 provided with stems 81 and 82 that can
slide longitudinally in bearings formed in a conoidal shaped casting 83 and a nut 84
respectively. 85 is a spring arranged to bear at one end against the nut 84, and at
the other end against an adjustable nut 86 fitted on the plug stem 82. By adjusting
the nut 86 the action of the spring and consequently the movement of the plug may
be regulated. The spring normally keeps a shoulder 87 on the plug against the inner
end of the extension 88 of the nut 84. The right hand end of the plug is notched or
stepped as at 98 in order that the air and petroleum spray flowing between it and the
casing 74 may be intimately mixed; for the same reason the plug is preferably made
hollow and the casing 83 arranged to project therein as shewn. 89 is an adjustable
valve for regulating the flow of petroleum to the annular chamber 75, and 90 is a
passage for air to mix with the petroleum as it passes the end of the valve and causes
it to flow into and around the annular chamber 75 in the form of spray as in the
former construction hereinbefore referred to. The spray is drawn by the current of
air flowing through the nozzle 79 into the enlarged space within the casing 74 where
there subsists a partial vacuum and in which the air becomes intimately incorporated
with the partially vaporized spray.
The petroleum is maintained at a constant height in the reservoir 78 by any suitable
means such as a valve controlled by a float 91.
The greater the quantity of air supplied to the motor cylinder the more the plug
will move to the right, enlarging the annular opening at 79, and the greater will be
the quantity of petroleum induced to enter the casings and mix with the air, and
vice cers, the carburation of the air remaining practically constant.
The air thus carburetted is drawn off through a pipe 92 to the motor cylinder or
cylinders.
Dated this 3rd day of June 1889.
Per F. J. Broughamn.
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Motors in which an
Explosive Mixture of Air and Petroleum is used.
We, EDWARD BUTLER, Engineer, and BUTLER'S PATENT PETROL CYCLE SYNDICATE,
LIMITED, formerly of 55 Old Broad Street, but now of 10 Throgmorton Avenue, in
the County of London, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
The invention relates to improvements in motors in which an explosive mixture
of air and petroleom is used; to reversing gear for use with special applications
of such a motor: and to carburetting devices or inspirators for producing an intimate
mixture of air and petroleum spray for use in petroleum motors.
Referring to the four sheets of drawings filed with our provisional specification,
Fig. 1 shows partly in elevation, and partly in vertical section, taken in two
different planes, a motor constructed according to this invention.

page_text: Fig. 2 shows partly in elevation, and partly in central vertical section, reversing
gear suitable for use with such a motor when the direction of motion of the body
driven thereby, such for example as a propeller shaft, is required to be reversed
from time to time.
Fig. 3 shows the motor partly in end elevation, and partly in transverse section on
the line Fig. 1; it also shows the reversing gear partly in end elevation and
partly in transverse section on the linee Fig. 2.
Fig. is a sectional view of a carburetting device hereinafter described.
Referring to Figs. 1 and 3 of the drawings, 12 and are the working cylinders
provided with trunk pistons 4, 5 and 6 that are coupled in the ordinary manner by
connecting rods to cranks 4, 5 & 6 respectively, on the shaft 7. The cranks 4"
& 5 are arranged with the axis of the crank pins in the same plane and not one in
advance of the other, whilst the crank 6 is arranged at an angle of about 180° from
the others.
The cylinders which are carried by pillars 8 from a base plate 8ª, may be provided
with the usual receptacles 8 for oil whereby they and their pistons are lubricated.
The cylinders 1 and 2 which are the explosion cylinders and work with a four
stroke cycle, are each provided with a charge chamber 9 for the explosive mixture of
air and petroleum vapour which is admitted thereto (as hereinafter described) through
a port 10 from an inspirator 11, main pipe 12 and branch pipe 13, the admission
of the explosive mixture being controlled by a non-return lift valve 14. The pipe 12
is provided with a throttle valve at 12 for regulating the flow of explosive mixture
and thus controlling the speed and power of the motor. Into each charge chamber 9;
project insulated terminals 15 across which an electric current is passed at the proper
periods for firing the explosive mixture. Any other suitable means, such as the
ordinary heated tube, can be used if desired for firing the mixture. The cylinder B
into which the gases after performing work in the explosion cylinders 1 and 2, are
allowed to pass and become further expanded, is of greater diameter than the other
cylinders, and is of such a length that there is practically no clearance space at its
upper end when its piston is at the end of the inward stroke.
This cylinder 3 is according to this invention so proportioned in capacity that a
partial vacuum will exist therein just before the completion of the outstroke of its
piston, and whilst the exhaust valve of the cylinder from which the heated products
of combustion last came is open, so that the remainder of such products in the
charge chamber of the latter cylinder will be drawn out, and a corresponding
quantity of carburetted air will be caused to enter such cylinder by the lifting of its
admission valve 14, and act as a scavenging charge. By this means purer explosive
charges will be obtained and more powerful effects produced from their explosion.
than is the case when the charges are mixed with products of combustion from a
previous explosion.
The cylinders 1 and 2 are each arranged to be placed in communication with the
cylinder by a passage 16, pipe 17, passage 18, chamber 19, and port 20, the com-
munication being controlled by an exhaust valve 21 normally held closed upon its
seat by a spring 22. but is lifted at the proper periods by cams 23. These cams 23
(one for each exhaust valve 21) are carried by a shaft 24 and are so arranged as to
bear directly against anti-friction wheels or rollers 25 journalled in frames secured
to the spindles of the said valves. 26 is an exhaust valve that controls the communi-
cation between the expansion cylinder and the exhaust chamber 27 and exhaust
pipe 28. This exhaust valve is normally held upon its seat by a spring 29 and is
lifted at the proper periods, to permit the cylinder 3 to exhaust, by cams 30 of which
there are two. but one only of which can be seen in the drawings the other being
directly opposite it. These cams are secured on the shaft 24 and act upon the spindle
of the exhaust valve in a manner similar to that in which the cams 23 act on the
spindles of the valves 21. Non-return lift valves 31, one only of which can be seen
in Fig. 1, serve to prevent the gases when exhausting from one explosion cylinder to
the expansion cylinder 3, from passing to the other explosion cylinder. The shaft 24

page_text: is driven from, and at half the speed of the crank shaft 7. The pistons 4 & 5 which
make their inward and outward strokes together, receive a working impulse at
every fourth stroke and alternately with each other; the cylinder 3 consequently
receives the exhaust from each explosion cylinder alternately and thus its piston
receives an impulse at each stroke thereby equalizing the power transmitted to
the crank shaft.
The operation of the motor is as follows:-
Assuming the parts to be in the positions shown in Figs. 1 and 3; that there is an
explosive charge in the charge chamber 9 of the cylinder 1 that the pistons 4 and 5
have each completed their inward stroke and the piston 6 its outward stroke; and
that the motor is running, then just as the crank 4ª passes its dead centre, the
explosive mixture in cylinder 1 is fired. The piston 4 then makes its outward working
stroke; the piston 5 its outward induction stroke drawing in an explosive charge
through the inspirator, main and branch pipes 12 and 13 and port 10, the valve 14
lifting; and the piston 6. its inward or exhaust stroke, the exhaust valve 26 being at this
time lifted by one of its cams 30 to place the cylinder 3 in communication with the
atmosphere. Upon the instroke of the piston 4, the heated products of combustion
pass from cylinder 1 to cylinder 3 causing the piston therein to make its working
outstroke, the communication between the two cylinders being opened by the lifting.of
the exhaust valve 21 by its cam 23, whilst the explosive mixture previously drawn
into cylinder 2 is compressed on the instroke of piston 5. This mixture is fired after
the termination of the inward stroke of the piston 5 which then makes its working
stroke, the piston 4 making its outward induction stroke and drawing in a fresh
explosive charge, and the piston 6 its inward or exhaust stroke. Upon the instroke of
the pistons, 4 and 5 the mixture in cylinder 1 will be compressed; the gases in
cylinder 2 will be forced into cylinder 3 the exhaust valve 21 of cylinder 2 being
lifted by its cam 23; and the piston 6 will again make an outward stroke. The con-
pressed charge in cylinder 1 is then fired as before, and the abovedescribed cycle of
operations repeated.
The cylinders 1 and 2 are each provided with a water jacket 31* through which
and through inlet and outlet pipes 32 and 33, water is caused to flow from a
reservoir 34 in one side of the base plate 8", by a plunger pump 35 operated by an
eccentric 36 on the shaft 24. By means of a cock 37 on the pipe 33, a portion of the
heated water may be returned to the reservoir, the remainder escaping by a pipe 38.
The other side of the base plate may be formed with a reservoir at 39 for petroleum,
supplied from another vessel and the height of which in the reservoir is maintained
approximately constant by any suitable means.
To assist its restarting, the motor may be so constructed that part of the exhaust
products of combustion stored under pressure in a reservoir during the previous
operation of the motor may be admitted to the cylinder 3. For this purpose the
cylinder 3* of cylinder 3 may be formed with a chamber 40 and with an opening 41
through which and a pipe 42, part of the exhaust products under pressure from
the explosion cylinders, may pass to a reservoir 40*, until the pressure therein is
equal to that of the said products when passing into cylinder 3. The opening 41
is controlled by a non-return lift valve 43. The exhaust products thus stored under
pressure may be readmitted to cylinder 3 through another opening 44 in cover 3*.
This opening is controlled by a valve 45 that can be lifted by means of a lever 46
and shaft 46 that is caused to oscillate by a lever 47 and rod 48. The lower end
of this rod 48 is formed with a stirrup 49 that embraces cams 50 on the shaft 24.
To the stirrup is hinged a hand catch lever 51, so arranged that when it is secured
in the position shown and the crank shaft is pulled round to start the motor,
thereby rotating the shaft 24, one or other of the cams 50 will act against the
catch lever and actuate the lift valve 45 and enable part of the stored exhaust
products to enter the cylinder 3, so as to actuate the piston therein and cause the
motor to continue to revolve, the said valve 45 being lifted at each downstroke of
the piston G. When the motor is set properly, in operation by the drawing in and

page_text: explosion of combustible mixture, the catch lever 51 is released by hand so as to hang
vertically and the lift valve 45 is thereby thrown out of action.
The reversing gear shown in Fig. 2 comprises a dished fly wheel 52 secured
upon the driving shaft of the motor, and having in one therewith a bevel
wheel 53. 54 is the shaft to be driven, and the direction of motion of which it is
required to occasionally reverse. Upon the adjacent ends of the shafts and 54
is mounted a block 55 provided with two arms 56 that carry a frame 57. The
block 55 is also provided with two hollow pins or projections 58 upon each of
which is mounted a friction cone 59 that can move endwise on its projection but
cannot rotate thereon and which serves as a bearing for a correspondingly bored
bevel wheel 60. The two bevel wheels 60 are carried in chambers, that serve as.
bearings, within the frame 57, which, to admit of the insertion of such wheels, is
constructed in two parts that can be bolted together. Springs 61, within the pro-
jections 58 serve to normally force the cones 59 into frictional contact with the
bevel wheels 60. 62, 62, are levers each pivoted to the frame 57 at 63 and arranged
to bear upon the outer end of one of the cones 59. Against the free ends of these
levers bears a longitudinally movable collar 64. 65 is a bevel wheel secured to
the shaft 54 and in gear with each of the bevel wheels 60. 66 is a friction cone
carried by the frame 57; and 67 is another friction-cone able to slide but not to
rotate, upon a tubular extension 68 of the thrust block bearing 69 of the shaft 54.
70 is a hand lever mounted upon a rock shaft 71 that is provided with lever
arms 72 oue only of which can be seen in the drawings, arranged to engage with
the cone 67 and move the same endways when the hand lever is operated. When
the parts are in the positions shown in Fig. 2, the bevel wheels 60 will be locked
in their frame 57 by the action of the springs 61 on the cones 59 and if the
shaft be revolved, these wheels and frame, together with the fly wheel, and bevel
wheels 53 and 65, which will be all locked together, will revolve as one part and
rotate the shaft 54 in the same direction without noise. If the hand lever 70 be
moved to the position indicated by the dotted line ef. the friction cone 67 will
engage the cone 66 and lock the frame 57 in position and also cause the collar 64
to act against the levers 62 and depress the cones 59. against the action of the
springs 61, and thereby unlock the bevel wheels 60. These wheels will then be
rotated by the bevel wheel 53 and drive the bevel wheel 65 and shaft 54 in the
reverse direction. To disengage the shaft 7 from the shaft 54 whilst the former
is revolving, the hand lever must be placed in the central position corresponding
to the line f g the cones 66, 67 and 59 and bevel wheels 60 will not then be
rigidly held together by friction but can revolve relatively to each other, without
imparting any motion to the bevel wheel 65 and shaft 54, which will then remain
stationary.
It will be obvious that this reversing gear may be variously modified without
departing from the essential features thereof, thus the spring 61 may be dispensed
with, the arrangement of the levers 62 being correspondingly modified to actuate the
cones 59; also, one bevel wheel 60 may be used instead of two: and other frictional
gear may be used in place of the cones shewn for holding and releasing the frame
and the toothed wheel or wheels carried thereby.
Fig. 4 is a central longitudinal section of an inspirator and part of an attached
petroleum reservoir adapted for use with a petroleum motor.
This inspirator is similar in general construction to that shewn in Figs. 13 and 14
of the specification of former Letters Patent granted to one of us viz., the said
Edward Butler dated 15th November 1887 No. 15598, but is designed to effect a
better admixture of the petroleum and air than the former construction of inspirator
referred to.
The smaller end of the casing 73 projects into the smaller end of the casing 74 and
is so arranged with reference thereto as to form an annular chamber 75 between the
two as in the former construction, through which annular chamber and a small

page_text: opening 76 and pipe 77, petroleum is induced to flow from the petroleum reservoir 78
when air is drawn through the casings and pipe 12 by the exhausting action of the
motor piston.
Within the casings and extending centrally through the nozzle 79 so as to form an
annular air way is a conoidal part 80 that constitutes a regulator and is herein called
the plug it is provided with stems 81 and 82 that can slide longitudinally in
bearings formed in the bridge of a conoidal tubular casting 83 and in an externally
screwed sleeve 84 respectively. 85 is a spring arranged to bear at one end against
the sleeve S4, and at the other end against an adjustable nut 86 fitted on the stem 82.
By adjusting the nut 86 the action of the spring and consequently the movement of
the plug may be regulated. The spring normally keeps a shoulder 87 at the end
of the plug against the inner end 88 of the sleeve 84. The plug is notched or
stepped as at 98 in order that the air and petroleum spray flowing between it and the
casing 4 may be thoroughly broken up and intimately mixed; for the same reason
it is preferred to make the plug hollow and arrange the tubular casting 83 to project
therein as shewn. 89 is an adjustable valve for regulating the flow of petroleum to
the annular chamber 75, and 90 is a passage for air to mix with the petroleum as it
passes the end of the valve and cause it to flow into and around the annular chamber75
in the form of spray as in the former construction herein before referred to. The
spray is drawn by the current of air flowing through the nozzle 79, into the space
within the casing 74 where there is a partial vacuum and in which space the air
becomes intimately incorporated with the partially vaporized spray. The air thus
carburetted is drawn off through a pipe 92 to the motor cylinder or cylinders. The
petroleum is maintained at a constant height in the reservoir 78 by any suitable
means such as a valve controlled by a float 91. In order that the pipe 77 may be
maintained full of petroleum when the motor stops, so that on re-starting the motor.
the air drawn through the inspirator may be quickly carburetted, the lower end
of the pipe 77 is provided with a non-return lift valve not shewn. The greater the
quantity of air drawn into the motor cylinder, the more the plug 80 will move to
the right, enlarging the annular opening through the nozzle 79, and the greater will
be the quantity of petroleum induced to enter the casings and mix with the air
and vice versa so that the degree of carburation of the air will remain practically
constant,nothwithstanding changes in the speed of the motor with which the inspirator
is used.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed 1 declare that what I
claim is:
1. The combination in a motor for working with an explosive mixture of petroleum
and air, of two four cycle cylinders and pistons, an expansion cylinder (with piston)
that receives the exhaust gases from the other cylinders in an alternate manner,
non-return lift inlet valves 14 for admitting explosive mixture to the explosion
cylinders, an air carburetting device, a pipe for conveying carburetted air from said
device to each of the explosion cylinders, an exhaust valve for the expansion cylinder,
passages connecting each of the explosion cylinders with the expansion cylinder each
of said passages being provided with a valve 21 and with a non-return valve 31, and
a shaft 24 provided with cams arranged to operate the valves 21 and 26, substantially
as hereinabove described.
2. The improved motor hereinabove described, with reference to Figs. 1 and 3 of
the drawings annexed, whether with or without either (a) apparatus for admitting
fluid under pressure to assist re-starting of the engine as set forth; (b) reversing
mechanism.
3. The improved reversing gear for motors such as referred to comprising a toothed
wheel secured to the driving shaft of the motor, a toothed wheel secured to the shaft
to be driven, a rotary frame carrying one or more toothed wheels in gear with those

page_text: on the abovementioned shafts, and means for holding and releasing the frame, and
for holding and releasing the toothed wheel or wheels carried by the frame the whole
constructed and arranged substantially as hereinabove described.
4. The improved inspirator herein before described with reference to and shewn in
Fig. 4 of the drawings.
5. The construction of an engine such as above referred to with the expansion
cylinder so proportioned to and connected with the explosion cylinders that just
before the completion of the outstroke of the piston of the expansion cylinder it will
cause a scavenging charge to pass through the combustion chamber of the cylinder
in which a charge has just previously been exploded.
1900
THEO. ALLINGHAM,
Chairman, Butler's Patent Petrol Cycle Syndicate, Limited.
W. Lloyd Wise,
Per F. J. Brougham,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicants.