THE APPLICATION OF CERTAIN SUBSTANCES NOT HITHERTO USED FOR FOOD AS A SOURCE OF NUTRITION AND SUPPORT TO THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS OF ANIMALS
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the
Invention of "THE APPLICATION OF CERTAIN SUBSTANCES NOT HITHERTO USED
FOR FOOD AS A SOURCE OF NUTRITION AND SUPPORT TO THE RESPIRATORY
ORGANS OF ANIMALS."-A communication from Henry Wright Adams, of
Brooklyn, in the County of Kings and State of New York, one of the
United States of America.
Sealed the 3rd September 1857, and dated the 25th April 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 25th April 1857.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "THE APPLICATION OF CERTAIN SUBSTANCES
NOT HITHERTO USED FOR FOOD AS A SOURCE OF NUTRITION AND SUPPORT TO THE
RESPIRATORY ORGANS OF ANIMALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in preparing and using bituminous, caking, splint,
pitch, and cannel coal, or coal of every name and sort, from the anthracite
variety and charcoal to the most highly bituminous quality, together with
humus, asphaltum, lignite, bitumen, peat, the oxydized portions of petroleum
ונם. מן

page_text: coal tar, crude coal oil, and also resins of any kind, which are the oxidized
residuumns of the distillation or evaporation of the volatile hydrocarbons of the
turpentine or balsam specios, as a constituent source of food, in combination
with corn, potatoes. rye, oats, barley, buckwheat, or any other farinaceous
or feculaceous or proper food for animals of all sorts and species.
In carrying out the present improvemonts, the Inventor proposes to tako
any of the aforesaid coals, asphalts, bitumen, humus, lignite, peat, or oxydized
products of petroleum, coal tar, coal oil, or resins, and grind them to a fine
powder or flour in a proper mill. He then takes the other substancos, such as
corn, rye, wlicat, oats, peas, beans, barley, potatoes, buckwheat, hay, straw,
the screenings of flour mills, the lees and refuse of distilleries, house slops,
or other similar or proper food containing starch, sugar, or gum, or vegetable
albumen, fibrin, or casein, and suitable for animals; and if those substances
are in a solid condition they are to be reduced to a fine flour or meal or
paste, either by grinding or boiling and mashing up the same, so as to
preparo it for mixing intimately together with the pulverized, coaly,
bituminous, or resinous matter aforesaid, and for kucading up together by
means of water or any proper fluid into a consistent doughy mass for the
use of animals, as aforesaid.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Edward Newtou in the Great Scal Patent
Office on the 24th October 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patonts, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Edward Newton, Her special license that I, the said William
Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and uo others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven

page_text: tion for "THE APPLICATION OF CERTAIN SUBSTANCES NOT HITHERTO USED FOR FOOD
AS A SOURCE OF NUTRITION AND SUPPORT TO THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS OF ANIMALS,"
being a communication from Henry Wright Adams, of Brooklyn, in the
County of Kings and State of New York, one of the United States of America,
Gentleman, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William
Edward Newton, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Scai Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately afte: the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that 1, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement (that is to say):-
This Invention, which has been communicated to me from abroad asafore-
said, consists in preparing and using bituminous, caking, splint, pitch, and
cannel coal, or coal of every name and sort, from the anthracite variety and
charcoal to the most highly bituminous quality, together with humus,
asphaltum, lignite, bitumen, peat, the oxydized portions of petroleum, coal
tar, crude coal oil, and also resins of any kind, which are the oxydized
residuums of the distillation or evaporation of the volatile hydrocarbons of
the turpentine or balsam species, as a constituent source of food, in com-
bination with corn, potatoes, rye, oats, barley, buckwheat, or any other
farinaceous or feculaceous or proper food for animals of all sorts and species.
In carrying out the present improvements, the Inventor proposes to take
any of the aforesaid coals, asphaltes, bitumen, humus, lignite, peat, or
oxydized products of petroleum, coal tar, coal oil, or resins, and to grind
them to a tine powder or flour in any suitable mill. He then takes the other
substances, such as corn, rye, wheat, oats, peas, beaus, barley, potatoes,
buckwheat, hay, straw, the screenings of flour mills, the iees and refuse of
distilleries, house slops, or other similar or proper food, containing starch,
sugar, or gun, or vegetable albumen, fibrin or casein, and suitable for
animals; and if these substances are in a concrete or solid condition they
are to be reduced to a fine flour or meal or paste, either by grinding or
boiling and mashing up the same, so as to prepare it for mixing intimately
together with the pulverized, coaly, bituminous, or resinous matter afore-
said, and for kneading up together by means of water or any proper fluid
iuto a consistent doughy mass for the use of animals, as aforesaid.
For feeding and fattening hogs, the Inventor takes potatoes, and boils aud

page_text: mashes thein, and then this paste is to be mixed up with the pulverized,coaly,
bituminous, or resinous matter aforesaid, and kucaded into a doughy mass, so
as to incorporate the two substances intimately together, the dough being
made so consistent that the said substances will not separate when fed to hogs,
but will remain thus mixed when eaten by them. If the water in which the
potatoesare boiled should not be sufficient to forma proper menstruum for this
mixture, then more water or other proper fluid may be added. One quarter
by weight of coal or bituminous matter, pulverized as aforesaid, may be thus
mixed with three-quarters by weight of potatoes, when the coal contains less
than twenty-five per cent. of bitumen; when it contains 37.5 per cent. of
bitumen, one-third of the said pulverized coal or bituminous matter may be
used; and when fifty per cent. of bitumen, then it will do to mix one-half of
the said coaly, bituminous, or resinous matter, and one half of the said
potatoes or other proper food. Instead of the potatoes aforesaid, ground
corn, rye, buckwheat, oats, wheat, peas, beans, barley, apples, roots, or any
other proper food, pulverized to a flour or mashed to a paste may be used in
the same proportions and mixed up in the same manner, and fed to hogs and
other animals. In mixing and kneading up the coaly, bituminous, or resinous
flour aforesaid with the ground meal or other suitable food, it is preferable to
use hot water, though cold water will answer, and to pour it onto the meal first,
and stir the meal and water well together before adding the flour of coal,
bitumen, resin, lignite, or peat. This is done for the purpose of scalding and
partially cooking the same, and impregnating the food with the agreeable
flavour of the meal. The pulverized coal, bitumen, resin, lignite, peat, or such
of these matters as it may be desirable to use, are then stirred in and incor-
porated intimately with the inass, adding more water or other proper fluid if
required, and stirring the same thoroughly together into a thick dough. This
food being thus scalded and partially cooked by the hot water causing the
fragrant odour of the meal to rise, and being so finely pulverized and inti-
mately mixed up together, is very much relished and casily digested by hogs
and other animals. By its extreme division the whole mass as it is eaten
becomes quickly saturated by the saliva of the mouth and throat and the
gastric juice of the stomach, and quickly affected by the catalytic action of the
azotized tissues, in a state of metamorphosis, of the interior lining of the raid
stomach, by which this nitrogenized decomposing matter acting like ferment
or yeast in dough commences that molecular change and new arrangement of
atoms through the whole mass, by which it is rendered soluble. Thus pre-
pared and fed to animals, this new food will neither irritate nor derange their
bowels, or stomach, or intestines, but will promote the health and thrift

page_text: of all creatures that subsist upon it, and it fattens them in the most extra-
ordinary manner.
I would remark that this new food, as aforesaid, inay be prepared and
used for all other animals in the same manner as for hogs, only adapting
that constituent portion of the same which is mixed or incorporated with
the said flour of coal, bitumen, resin, peat, or lignite, to suit the condition,
taste, peculiarities, and appetite of the particular animal to be subsisted or
fattened by it. As an illustration of this fact, it may be stated that all
graminivorous animals which require hay, grass, straw, stalks, and such like
food or fodder, may be fed and fattened by the food prepared as aforesaid
for hogs, in conjunction with cut, ground, or chopped hay, straw, stalks, husks,
and such like substances, the whole being mixed and thoroughly incorporated
together, and kneaded up into a thick doughy mass.
Fowls relish ground
corn and pulverized, coaly, bituminous, or resin matter aforesaid, mixed and
kneaded up as set forth, and they fatten upon this food in the most
astonishing manner. It is important to remark that all animals require water
to drink after eating this food. This food, sweetened to the taste and made
light by yeast or soda, and baked or otherwise cooked, is an excellent support
to the respiratory organs of consumptive persons, and may be used generally
by man as a source of nutrition.
The pulverized coal, bitumen, resin, oxydized and concrete residuums of
distilled or evaporized petroleum, crude coal oil, lignite, and peat, being odor-
less and tasteless, impart no flavor to meat or fat produced by it.
The aforesaid are some of the methods of preparing and using this new
food. The benefits of it are very great: one pound of coal, prepared and fed
to animals as above, will make as much pork or beet or mutton or poultry
as two pounds of corn, as has been proved by many carefully conducted
experiments. It is therefore evident that meat and accompanying fats may
be produced by means of this new food at far less cost than it is possible to
produce the same from corn or farinaceous or feculaceous matters alone.
Having now described the nature and operation of this Invention, which
has been communicated to me as aforesaid, I would observe that I do not
intend to confino myself to the precise mixtures or proportions herein-before
named; but I intend to embrace and cover the whole ground of preparing
food by the use of coal and the other bituminous and resinous matters, as
aforesaid, in combination with other common or proper food for animals, in
any manner and in any mixtures or proportions; 1 therefore claim,-
First, the use of coal, asphalte, bitumen, lignite, peat, humus, resins,
and the concrete or oxydized portions of petroleum and crude coal oil,

page_text: as sources of either nutrition or of support to the respiratory organs of
animals.
Second, the preparation and use of coal, asphalte, bitumen, lignite, humus,
peat, resins, the oxydized or concrete portions of petroleum and crude coal
oil, in combination with other common and proper food, as a constituent portion
of the sustenance of animals, substantially in the manner and for the purposes
herein-before set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Twenty-fourth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane,
W. E. NEWTON. (L.S.)