A MACHINE TO MANUFACTURE SQUARE PAPER AND OTHER BAGS
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Shaw, Patent Agent, of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Mechanic, for the Invention of "A MACHINE TO
MANUFACTURE SQUARE PAPER AND OTHER BAGS."
Sealed the 9th November 1858, and dated the 29th June 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Shaw, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th June
1858.
I, JOHN SHAW, of. Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanic, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A MACHINE TO MANU-
FACTURE SQUARE PAPER AND OTHER BAGS," to be as follows:
The machine consists of a table or plane.
The first movement consists of a shaft working in suitable bearings. This
shaft has two pulleys upon it, one a fast one, and the other a loose one, over
which a belt works to give motion to the machine. Upon this shaft there is
pinion which turns a wheel, which is called the second movement. This
wheel is also attached to a shaft, working in suitable bearings.
The third movement consists of a wheel working in connection with the
second movement. On the shaft connected with the second movement there
is a tappit which puts in motion two knives hereafter described.
The fourth movement consists of a shaft working in suitable bearings with
a ratchet wheel on one end and a mitre wheel at the other, and by means of a
connecting rod attached to the third movement it gives motion to the ratchet
or fourth movement.
The fifth movement consists of a roller of any given diameter working in

page_text: suitable bearings with a ratchet wheel attached. This movement acquires its
motion by a connecting rod attached to the second movement.
On one end of the table is a roll of paper, then a seamer or folder, then two
feed rollers, which is called the first feed movement. One of these rollers is
below, the other above the table..
The "paper, already folded, passes between these rollers to the gumming
apparatus.
This gumming apparatus consists of two shafts working in suitable bearings,
with two pulleys upon each shaft. The two pulleys on the top shaft are plain
pulleys; the two pulleys at the bottom are groove pulleys. Between the two
shafts is a gum or paste trough. Each of the upper and lower pulleys are
connected by a circular elastic or other belt. This elastic cord or belt passes
round the upper pulley in a spherical form, by which means one part of the
cord or belt is always in the trough conveying the gum or paste to the paper,
it passes under the lower pulley as a common belt. The belts are retained
on the pulleys by suitable guiders; these pulleys are worked by the wheel,
which is called the second movement.
When the paper has passed the gumming apparatus it reaches a table or
plane, after which a knife or shears divides it into the length required for the
bag. This knife is moved by a tappit attached to the second movement: At
another end of the table, and at right angles is another roll of paper, which
is moved by a shaft connected with the fourth movement, forming a second
feed. movement. This second feed movement is worked from the fourth
movement, which receives its movement from the third, and consists of two
rollers, one large and the other. small, similar to those already described.
This shaft has a tappit attached to it, conveniently situated for working a
creaser or folder, .hereafter described. This shaft, containing a pair of mitre
wheels, turns a pair of rollers similar to those already described; these rollers
work a gumming apparatus, with only one pulley and one elastic belt.
After the paper has passed the gumming apparatus, it reaches a table or
plane, after which a knife or shears cuts it the width required for the bag.
This knife or shears and the other knife or shears before mentioned sever the
paper by means of the tappit action connected with the second movement.
In this stage, the paper from the two feeders moving at right angles is
brought in a straight line and comes in contact with the creaser or folder
before-mentioned. This creaser or folder folds the two pieces of paper and
passes them through a groove. This creaser or folder may be made of any
suitable substance for any kind of paper. The action of the folder consists of
a vertical slide, which has a lever and connecting rod attached, which receives
5

page_text: its motion from a tappit in the third movement. There is also a wheel in
connection with the third movement which turns two other wheels with rollers
attached, over which runs an endless belt which receives the bag from the
folder through the groove, and delivers it from the machine complete.
Note. In the first feed motion, which consists of two rollers, one a large,
and the other a smaller one, there is an endless belt passing over the large
roller and under the gumming apparatus, which is to facilitate the passage of
the paper from the roll along the plane to the knife or shears, to the groove:
MODE OF OPERATION.
Two rolls of paper are brought to the machine, one roll being five inches
and a half wide passes between two creasers, forming a seam a quarter of an
inch wide on each side. It then passes through two feed rollers, and each
seam is pasted as it passes by means of circular bands. The other roll, being
seven and a half inches wide, passes at the same time through the two rollers:
above described on the right side in a plain form. The seam is pasted as it
passes between two feed rollers. The two rolls now meet each other and
form a line, and the two knives falling at right angles, divide the paper. One
knife cuts one roll the length of the bag, with the seam on each side already
pasted; the other knife cuts the roll the width of the bag. The paper cut as
.described is still in a straight line. The width with the seam lying over a
groove in the table, with the length resting on the pasted side of its seam, a
creaser or folder falls upon the paper in the above position, which passes the
two pieces of paper through the groove before referred to and delivers them
to two rollers, the rollers forming the bags and delivering thein by means
of an endless belt complete from the machine.
The feed rollers are so constructed that they can give out any width of
L manufacture of one sized bec
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Shaw, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 28th
December 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
SHAW, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanic, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her
reigu, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the

page_text: · said John Shaw, Her special license-that I, the said John Shaw, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Shaw, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
the Isle of Man, an Invention for "A MACHINE TO MANUFACTURE SQUARE PAPER
AND OTHER BAGS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John
Shaw, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seal, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Shaw, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement.
This Invention consists of a novel arrangement and combination for folding
paper or paper lined with linen, cotton, or other suitable textile material for
the seams or joinings of bags; in certain means of conveying the paper so
folded to the several apparatuses by which it is to be gummed or pasted ; in
the means of pasting or gumming the parts which require to be united; in the
means of cutting the paper to the required size and form after the same has
been pasted or gummed; in the means of doubling or lapping together the
parts required to be united to form a bag; in the means of pressing the said
seams or joinings together; and in a certain combination of folding, conveying,
pasting, cutting, doubling, and pressing apparatuses, and a combination of the
whole of the said apparatuses whereby a machine is produced which takes in
paper, or paper lined with linen, cotton, or other suitable textile material, from
two coils by one continuous action, and delivers bags therefrom of a square or
oblong shape in a finished state.
The machine is a rectangular shape, and is made of iron, except such parts
thereof as are herein-after said to be made of other materials.
The accompanying Drawings represent a machine embracing all the features
of my Invention.
The Drawing marked No. 1 I call the ground plan of the machine.
The Drawing marked No. 2 is a side elevation shewing the side of one
branch of the angle of the machine.

page_text: The Drawing marked No. 3 is another side elevation shewing the same side
of the other branch of the angle of the same machine..
The Drawing marked No. 4 represents the various parts constituting an
indefinate feed movement.
The letters and cyphers herein contained refer to and represent the Figures
appearing in the said several Drawings, respectively marked with the same
letters and cyphers.
The Figure marked
marked I represents an
represents the frame of the machine; the Figure
horizontal shaft working in and at right angles with
the frame of the said machine, which I call the first motion. The Figures
marked and represent pullies placed on the said shaft I, outside of the
said frame.
The pulley represented by the Figure marked is loose on the said shaft I,
the pulley represented by the Figure marked * is fastened to the said shaft I.
The function of the pulley marked is to convey, by means of a driving strap,
the power required to drive the machine, which strap is placed over it when
the machine is at work. The function of the pulley marked b is to receive the
said strap when the machine is thrown out of geer.
The Figure marked represents a fly wheel; the part of the said shaft
marked I, upon which the said pullies and fly wheel are respectively placed, is
supported by a bearing represented by the Figure marked d. The Figure
marked e represents a pinion wheel attached to the said shaft marked I in the
interior of the said frame. The said pinion wheel marked e works in con-
nection with a wheel represented by the Figure marked e', which is fixed to
and drives another horizontal shaft working in the said frame parallel with
the said shaft marked I, and is represented by the Figure marked II, and
which I call the second motion. The Figure marked 1° represents a bevil
wheel attached to the said shaft marked II; the Figure marked A represents
a crank motion attached to the same shaft outside of the said frame. The
Figure S represents a tappit attached to the said shaft marked II, in the
interior of the said frame. The Figure marked F¹ represents another tappit
attached to the same shaft in the inside of the said frame; the said wheel
marked works in connection with and drives another wheel represented
by the Figure marked e, attached to another horizontal shaft working parallel
with the said shafts marked I and II, and is represented by the Figure
marked III, and which I call the third motion.
The Figure marked D° represents a crank motion attached to the said shaft
marked III, on the outside of the said frame a, the function whereof is
berein-after described. The Figure marked D represents a tappit also

page_text: attached to the said shaft marked III, on the outside of the said frame a.
The Figure marked 20 represents a wheel fixed on the said shaft marked III,
inside of the said frame which works in connection with and drives two rollers,
which I call doubling rollers herein-after described. The Figure marked fi
represents another horizontal shaft working inside the said frame at a right
angle with the said shafts respectively marked I, II, and III.
The Figure marked f represents another bevil wheel attached to the said
shaft f, it is in connection with and driven by the said bevil wheel marked I°.
The Figure C¹ represents a tappit placed on the said shaft marked f¹; the
Figure marked 9 represents a connecting rod communicating motion from the
said crank motion marked A to a movement which I call an indefinite feed
movement. The said indefinite feed movement consists of an internal disk'
represented by the Figure marked A', which is attached on and drives an
horizontal shaft represented by the Figure marked IV, and working in the
frame of the machine parallel with the said shaft I, II, and III, which I call
the fourth motion of a lever represented by the Figure A², connected at one
end thereof by means of a fulcrum pin to the said connecting rod marked g,
and at the other end thereof there is a square eye through it, in which eye is
fastened a pin represented by the Figure marked A*, of a square form to the
extent of the depth of the said eye, and from thence the said pin is of a round
form to the extent of its passage through an eye in a lever represented by the
Figure marked A³, and from the said last mentioned eye the said pin is formed
of a tappit shape represented by the Figure marked A".
On the edge of the said lever marked A³ is projected a wing at a right angle
towards the internal disk marked A'; through this wing a screw hole is made,
into which a screw is fitted, which is screwed through the hole towards the
lever marked A³. The purpose of this screw is to force back the said
lever As, when the lever marked A2 is drawn back by the said connecting rod
marked g.
The said indefinite feed movement consists also of a piston, represented by
the Figure marked A, and of a spiral spring, represented by the Figure
marked A. The said shaft, marked IV, is projected through the centre of
the said intended disk A¹, on which projection is supported, in the inside of
the said internal disk, the said lever marked A³, by an eye therein, which lever
is allowed free motion on such shaft. On the inside of the lever marked A³,
facing the internal disk marked A', there are two wings projecting towards
the face of the said disk A', at right angles, respectively represented by the
Figures marked As. Through these wings respectively there is an eye,
through which the said piston A³ is, worked. The said piston A³ is of a

page_text: round shape, with a bottom of an oblong square shape, which bottom is
indented, and made of the same sphere as the sphere of the interior edge of
the said internal disk A', on which it works.
The various parts constituting the said indefinite feed movement are put
together in a working order in the following manner, that is to say:-The
said pin marked A is passed through the eye in the lever marked A³, in
which it is allowed free motion. It is then passed through the square eye of
the lever marked A, and fastened thereto by means of a nut. The said
spiral spring A is then introduced perpendicularly in the space between the
upper and lower of the said two wings A³, on the lower one of which it rests.
The piston is then passed through the eye of the lower of the said wings
marked As, and thence through the centre of the said spiral spring A° to and
through the eye of the upper of the said wings, where it comes in contact with
the said tappit marked A'. The piston A is then supported in the eyes of the
said wings As, by transversing it with a pin which rests on the superior end or
top of the said spiral spring. This being effected, the said tappit motion A',
formed on the said pin A* as aforesaid, being immediately above and in contact
with the superior extremity of the said piston A³, works it by depressing it
through the eyes in the said wings As of the said lever A³, against the inside
of the edge of the said internal disk marked A' once in each revolution of the
said crank motion marked A, and such piston while it remains so pressed
against the inside of the edge of the said internal disk makes it follow the
movement of the said connecting rod g, until such connecting rod, by its
action received from the said crank motion A, draws back both of the said
levers A² and As, when the pressure of the said tappit A' is removed from the
superior extremity of the said piston marked A5, and such piston is raised by
the said spiral spring A", and becomes disengaged from the interior edge of
the said internal disk A¹. As soon as the said piston is so disengaged from the
said interior edge of the said internal disk, such internal disk stops its move-
ment. The Figures respectively marked p, p, represent two slots in the said
crank motion A and D° in the several disks thereof. The function of the
said slots is to vary the stroke of the said several levers A2 and A³, on
the length of which stroke depends the size of the bag in the course of
manufacture.
.
The Figure marked 5 represents another bevil wheel fixed to the said
shaft marked IV, which works in communication with and drives another
bevil wheel, represented by the Figure 5', attached to an horizontal shaft
marked V, working in the said frame at right angles with the said shafts I,
II, III, and IV, and which carries and drives a cylinder marked E. The

page_text: Figure marked F¹ is a wheel attached to one end of the said shaft marked V,
and working outside of the said frame a. The Figure marked h represents
another connecting rod communicating by means of two levers, respectively
represented by the Figures marked i (of a similar construction respectively as
the said levers respectively A² and A,) the crank motion D° with another
internal disk, represented by the Figure marked B (part of another indefinate
feed movement), which internal disk marked B is attached on a shaft working
in the said frame parallel with the said shaft marked IV, and is represented
by the Figure marked VI. The said shaft marked VI carries and drives a
cylinder, represented by the Figure marked C. The Figure marked F repre-
sents a wheel fixed on the said shaft marked VI. The said wheel marked F
works in connection with and drives a pinion wheel, represented by the Figure
marked 6, attached to a breast roller, represented by the Figure marked G,
and working in brackets attached to the surface of the said frame, and respec-
tively represented by the Figures marked 36.
The Figure marked M¹ represents another pinion wheel fixed on an
horizontal shaft represented by the Figure marked M³, working in levers
represented by the Figure marked Z, which levers are supported by brackets
represented by the Figures marked Y' attached to the surface of the said
frame a.
The said wheel M' works in connection with the said wheel marked F, and
communicates motion therefrom to the gumming apparatus, situate imme
diately above it and herein-after described.
The Figure marked 6' represents another pinion wheel attached to a breast
roller represented by the Figure marked G', working in two brackets attached
to the surface of the said frame, and respectively represented by the Figures
marked "m."
.
The said pinion wheel marked 6¹ works in connection with the said wheel
marked F, and also in connection with another pinion wheel represented by
the Figure marked n, which pinion wheel marked n receives motion from the
said wheel marked 6', and communicates the same to the pinion wheel marked
M", which works the gumming apparatus situate immediately above it, and
herein-after described.
The Figures respectively marked H and H³ represent wooden reels, round
which respectively is placed a coil of paper, represented by the Figures respec-
tively marked H and H. The said reels are respectively supported by
brackets attached to the surface of the said frame, and are respectively repre-
sented by the Figures marked 00 and 00¹, The said coil of paper marked
His made of a width sufficient to form the width of and one side of the bag,

page_text: including the said seams or joinings to be made on each margin thereof, which
seams or joinings form the side seams or joinings of the bag.
The said coil
of paper marked H' is made of the width required to form the depth of the
bag, including the seam or joining made on one margin thereof, which seam or
joining forms the bottom seam of the bag. The Figures respectively marked H³
represent horizontal wooden rollers working in the frame of the machine, on
The use of these
which are rested respectively the said coils of paper.
rollers is to ease the delivery of the paper from the said coils to the
machine.
The Figures marked J represent two folders. They are made of wood, and
are of a screw shape at the inner parts thereof where the margins of the paper
come in contract with them so as to turn up such margins, and double them to
form seams intended for the seams or joinings of the bags; the said folders
are attached to a board laid across the said frame represented by the Figure
marked 32. Between the said two folders J there is a tin plate fixed to the
said board marked 32, at such a sufficient distance therefrom as to allow a
free passage under the said plate for the paper coming from the said coil FI to
and through the said folders J. The function of the said tin plate is to keep
the paper down in a suitable position while the same is undergoing the folding
process, and to prevent such paper escaping from the said folders J.
The Figure marked B, B, represents a slide laid across the machine at a
It is moveable at
right angle, and resting on the surface of the said frame a.
discretion on the said frame when the same may be required, to increase or
decrease the size of the paper, according to the required size of the bags
in manufacture. When the machine is being worked, the said slide is
fastened to the said frame by bolts, respectively represented by the Figures
marked B
. The Figures marked R, RI, and R, R, represent two horizontal rollers
working in the said slide B, B.
The Figures respectively marked R', R3, and R³ are other horizontal rollers
made of wood, working in the said frame a parallel with the said cylinder C.
The said roller marked R2 is fixed in slots made in the frame a of the
machine in which such roller may be moved upwards or downwards to tighten
an endless band represented by the Figure marked G, G, according to the
position in which the said slide B, B, may for the time being be fixed on the
said frame a. The said endless band or apron G, G, is passed over the said
cylinder C, between the said rollers marked R, R', and R, R, (forming a
plane on which the paper passes from the superior part of the said cylinder C
to the superior part ofthe said roller R, R), and thence over the roller R' under

page_text: the roller marked R2 and over the said roller marked R³. The said roller
marked R, R', is constructed of a shaft and of a number of loose iron rings
with a flat surface which are made to fit on it; the said rings are severally
fastened to the shaft by screws. The object of so constructing the said
roller R, R', of separate rings is in order that any two of such rings may be
removed at that part of the said roller under which the said gummed seams or
joinings of the paper coming from the gumming wheels M shall have to pass,
in order that such rings may not remove from the said seams or joinings the
gum thereon.
The function of the said endless bands is to assist in conveying the paper
from the coil H in the course of manufacture into bags to the gumming or
adhesive apparatus, and knife herein-after firstly respectively described. The
said gumming apparatus consists of a trough represented by the Figure
marked O, supported by. two brackets attached to the surface of the said
frame, and respectively represented by the Figures marked N of a roller
working in the inside of, and near the bottom of the said trough, represented
by the Figure marked R of wheels working on brackets, forming part of the
said trough, and respectively represented by the Figures marked P, of two
gumming wheels respectively represented by the Figure marked M', attached
to the said shaft marked M³, by which shaft they are worked in the said two.
levers marked Z, of a rod represented by the Figure marked M³, and of an
upright spring represented by the Figure marked Me attached to the surface
of the said board 32, and of two endless tapes or bands respectively repre-
sented by the Figure marked Q. In one end of each of the said levers
marked Z is an eye through which the shaft M3 is supported and worked, and
the same levers are supported by brackets marked Y' attached to the surface
of the said frame. The said levers Z are attached together by means of a
connecting rod represented by the Figure marked M5, by means of which they
are raised or depressed simultaniously. The said upright spring marked M
crosses one of the said levers marked Z at a right angle, and in contact
therewith near to the said rod marked M". On the side of the said spring
Me, which is so in contact with one of the said levers Z, it has two teeth
projecting horizontally therefrom, and at right angles therewith represented
by the Figures marked M. The functions of the said spring marked Me are
to hold the gumming wheels M' down in their proper working position when.
the machine is at work, which is effected by placing the lever so in contact
with the said spring Z between the said teeth M7, and to hold up the said
gumming wheels marked M when it may be desirable, which is effected by
placing the lever Z so in contact with the said upright spring under the said

page_text: teeth marked M7. The function of the gumming trough marked O is to.
contain the gum or adhesive matter to be applied to the seams or joinings
which are to form the sides of the bags. The function of the brackets:
respectively marked N is to support the said gumming trough O. The func-
tion of the said roller marked R, and of the wheels respectively marked P:
and M, is to convey, by means of the said endless bands or tapes marked Q,
the gumming or adhesive matter from the said trough, and apply it to the:
paper, which operation is effected by passing the said endless bands or tapes:
under the wheels respectively marked M', over the wheels respectively marked
P, and under the roller marked R. The knife consists of a flat steel plate,
which is laid upon and attached to the said slide B, B, and is represented by
the Figure marked S. The knife consists also of a steel blade, represented.
by the Figure marked S¹. The said blade S¹ is supported by a fulcrum pin:
fixed to a bracket marked S', which is on the said slide B, B. The said blade.
S¹ works on the fulcrum pin in combination with the said plate S*, on the
principle of cissors in the cutting of the paper the sizes required for the depth.
of the bags in manufacture.
The Figures marked C, C, and C, C³, respectively represent two levers
connected together by a double joint. The said lever marked C, C, is at
the superior end thereof connected with the heel of the said blade S₁ by means
of another double joint. The said lever marked C, C, is attached to the said
lever C, C, by another double joint, and is worked by the said tappit C, the
motion of which tappit is communicated by the means of the said lever C, C¹,
and C, C, to the said blade S¹. The said tappit C¹ is placed on the said shaft f¹,
so as to be moveable thereon by means of a slot in the longitudinal direction:
of the same shaft, so that the said tappit C, may at all times when at work:
be placed immediately under the said knife S¹.
The Figures respectively marked 0, 0, represent brackets supporting the
said coil of paper marked H¹.
The Figures respectively marked O, N, R, P¹, N°, Z¹, N, Q', and Mo,.
represent the combination of unother gumming or adhesive apparatus. The.
said Figure marked O¹ represents a gumming trough, the said Figure marked
N¹ represents a bracket supporting the gumming trough O', the said Figure
marked R represents a gumming wheel placed near the bottom of the inside
of the trough O'.
The Figures marked P¹ represent two wheels supported and working in
brackets attached to the trough O'. The Figure marked N° represents a
shaft on which is attached the said gumming wheel M°, and on this shaft is
also attached the said pinion wheel.M³. In the end of the said lever marked

page_text: Z is an eye through which the said shaft N° is supported and worked, and
the said lever Z' is again supported by a bracket attached to the surface of
the said frame and marked Y.
The Figure marked N represents another upright spring attached to the
said frame of the machine; this spring crosses the said lever Zat a right
angle, and in contact therewith near the end thereof. On the side of the said
spring N, which is so in contact with the said lever Z, it has two teeth
projecting horizontally, and at right angles, represented by the Figure N.
The functions of the said spring marked N are to hold the gumming wheel
marked M° in its working position when the machine is at work, which is
effected by placing the lever Z' between the said tecth marked No, and to hold
up the said gumming wheel marked M°, when it may be desirable, which is
affected by placing the said lever Z under the said teeth N°. The function of
the gumming trough O¹ is to contain the gumming or adhesive matter to be
applied to the seam or joining, which is to be the bottom seam or joining of
the bag. The function of the bracket N¹ is to support the said gumming
trough O'; the function of the said several wheels, marked respectively R' and
P', is to convey, by means of the said endless band or tape Q, the gumming
or adhesive matter from the said trough O¹, and apply it to the paper, which
operation is effected by passing the said endless band or tape Q under the
wheel marked M°, over the wheels respectively marked P¹, and under the
wheel R¹.
The Figure marked S2 represents the blade of another knife, which knife
consists of the said blade S2 and of a flat steel plate represented by the Figure
marked S³, which plate is laid on the surface of the said frame marked a, at a
right angle with the said knife S'. The said blade S is supported by a
fulcrum pin fixed to a bracket attached to the said frame a, represented by the
Figure marked S. The said blade S2 works on the said fulcrum pin in com-
bination with the said plate Ss, on the principle of cissors in the cutting of
the paper of the size required to form a second side of the bags in manu-
facture..
The Figures marked, C, C², and C, C³, respectively represent two levers,
connected together by a double joint, the said lever marked C, C2, is at the
superior end thereof connected with the heel of the said blade S by another
double joint. The said lever marked C, C³, is connected to the frame by a
fulcrum pin, and is worked by the said tappit marked S, the motion of which
tappit is communicated by means of the said levers C, C³, and C, C to the
said blade St..
The Figures respectively marked R, R, R², and R, R³, represent horizontal

page_text: rollers (the said rollers R' and R, R³, being of wood) working in the said
frame a, parallel with the said cylinder E¹. The Figure marked G, G¹,
represents another endless band or apron, which is passed over the said
roller R and cylinder E¹, and between the said rollers R, R*, and R, R³.
The function of the said endless band or apron is to assist in conveying the
paper from the said coil H' in the course of manufacture into bags to the
gumming or adhesive wheel M° and knife S². The said roller marked R, R³,
is constructed so that the same shall not extend over that part of the paper on
which the gum is applied by the gumming wheel M°, in order that it may not
remove the gum therefrom.
The Figure marked E, E, represents what I call a presser; it works on two
upright round rods, fastened perpendicularly on the said frame, and respectively
represented by the Figures marked E, E', upon which rods the said presser
slides up and down. The said slide marked E, E, has a perpendicular round
hole traversing respectively the interior of the two sides thereof, into which
holes respectively are introduced the two upright round rods marked E, E¹.
The Figures marked F and F³ represent two levers which work in con.
nection with each other. The superior end of the said lever marked F³ is
attached to the said slide E, E, by a fulcrum pin, from whence it passes through
a hole of a suitable size in the said frame, and rests at its lower extremity on
the said lever marked F.
The said lever marked F is connected with the said frame by a fulcrum pin
represented by the Figure marked F, and it receives motion from the said
tappit marked F, which motion it communicates by means of the said levers
marked F2 and F3 to the said slide marked E, E.
The Figures respectively marked S, U, 21 and 22 represent a combination
which I call the doubling apparatus.
The Figure marked S represents a steel plate in a perpendicular position,
attached to and supported by the arni of another upright slide represented by
the Figure marked U. The said slide marked U has a perpendicular round
hole traversing respectively the interior of two sides thereof, into which holes
are introduced two other upright round rods, respectively represented by the
Figures marked U', and which are respectively attached to the said frame, and
upon which rods the said slide U is worked.
The Figures respectively marked U2 and Us represent two levers. The said
lever marked U is attached at the superior end thereof to the said upright
slide marked U by nuts, and the inferior end thereof rests upon the said lever
marked U. The said lever marked Us is supported at one extremity thereof
by a fulcrum pin, represented by the Figure marked U attached to the said

page_text: frame, and the other extremity thereof rests on and is worked by the said
tappit marked D, by which combination the motion of the said tappit D is
communicated by means of the said levers U2 and Us to the said upright slide
.U and the said doubling blade S.
.
The Figures marked 2 and 2° represent two horizontal rollers supported by
and working in and at a right angle with the said frame and parallel with each
other, and as near to each other as may be after allowing a space between
them only sufficient to allow the endless bands or aprons herein-after described
to be respectively passed between them. And they must also be so placed that
the line in which they are nearly in contact with each other is always per-
pendicularly under the said doubling blade S to one end of each of the said
rollers respectively marked 2 and 2° is fixed a pinion wheel, represented by the
Figures marked 21 and 22, working in connection with each other. The said
pinion wheel marked 21 works in connection also with the said wheel marked
20, by which it is driven.
The function of the doubling blade S is to double the several proportions of
paper coming from the said several coils marked H and H', to compose a bag,
after the saine has respectively been cut by the knife blades S₁ and S, and to
introduce the same between the said rollers respectively marked 2 and go.
The Figures respectively marked 23 represent two arms attached to the out-
side of the said frame.
The Figures respectively marked 26 represent wheels, to the centre whereof
respectively is attached a screw at a right angle therewith, represented respec-
tively by the Figures marked 25.
The Figures marked 24 represent two moveable brackets let into slots made
in the surface of the said arms marked 23. The Figures marked 4° and 4
represent two horizontal rollers placed perpendicularly one above the other and
supported by and worked in the said brackets marked 24. The Figures
respectively marked 30 and 31 represent two other endless bands or delivery
aprons. The said endless band or apron marked 30 is passed round the said
rollers 4° and over the said roller marked 2°. The said endless band marked
31 is passed over the said roller marked 4 and the said roller marked 2. The
said endless bands or aprons respectively marked 30 and 31 receive their
motion from the said rollers respectively marked 2 and 2°, and communicates
such motion to the said rollers marked 4° and 4. The said endless bands
respectively marked 80 and 31 serve the purpose of delivery aprons.
The said screws marked 26 are respectively introduced into an eye made in
the extremity of the said arms respectively marked 23, and are respectively
therein screwed into a nut made in the bottom of the said brackets marked 24,

page_text: the function of the said screws is to tighten the several endless bands marked
30 and 31.
The Figures respectively marked 32, 33, 34, and 35, represent pieces of
board laid across the surface of the frame of the machine to form a level, on
which the paper in the course of manufacture into bags passes.
The operation of the machine in the manufacture of bags is as follows, that
is to say: One of the persons attending to the working of the machine
introduces and passes an end of the coil of paper H over the roller H³,
immediately under it and between the said tin plate and the board 32, whence
it is forwarded to and between the folders J, which turn up both margins
thereof to form the side seams or joinings of the bags. From the folder the
same paper is forwarded between the cylinder C and the breast roller 6, which
carry the paper on and forward it to the gumming wheels M', where it
receives from the endless band Q the gum or adhesive matter on the margins
thereof intended to form the seams or joinings of the sides of the bag. From
the said gumming wheels M' the paper is forwarded by the means before
mentioned to and between the rollers R, R, and R, R', which rollers assist in
forwarding it to and under and past the blade of the knife S', at a right angle
therewith. At the same as the end of the coil of paper His passed over the
roller H, immediately under it, as aforesaid, an end of the coil of paper H' is
passed, by a person attending to the working of the machine, over the roller
HI, immediately under such coil, to and between the cylinder E¹ and the
breast roller 6', which carry the paper forward to the gumming wheel M",
where it receives from the endless band Q the gum or adhesive matter on one
margin thereof intended to form the seam or joining of the bottom of the bag.
From the said gumming wheel M" the paper is forwarded by the means
aforesaid to and between the rollers R, R, and R, R³, which rollers assist in
forwarding it to, under, and beyond the blade of the knife S2, until it meets
the paper proceeding from the said coil H in manner following, that is to
say: The paper coming from the coil H¹ arrives at and passes under the
blade of the knife S2, the first to the extent of the length of the bottom scam
of the bag and the width of the paper coming from the reel H respectively,
and the paper coming from the reel H, of which both margins are gummed as
aforesaid, intended for the side seams or joinings of the bag, arrives at and
passes under the blade of the knife S', the second, and proceeds until it passes
over the paper coming from the reel H¹ to the extent of the margin thereof so
gummed and intended to form the bottom seam of the bag as aforesaid.
When the said several papers respectively coming from the coils H and H¹
have arrived in the above-mentioned position, the presser U descends upon

page_text: them immediately over the said bottom seam, and presses them together so as
to attach the gummed margin of the paper coming from the coil H' to the
bottom margin of the paper coming from the coil H. The presser then
retains the paper so joined in the same position, while the blades of the knives
S and S3 cut the paper of the proper sizes. When the presser and knives
have performed their functions, the doubling blade S descends upon the
interior extremity of the said bottom seam, and doubles and introduces the
paper so joined as aforesaid between the doubling rollers 2 and 2°, by means
of which rollers the face of the paper coming from the coil H is brought in
contact at right angles with the face of the paper coming from the coil E', in
which process the gummed margins of the paper coming from the coil marked
Hare adhesively joined to the lateral margins of the paper coming from the
coil H, and this being effected, such last mentioned rollers forward the bag in
a manufactured state between the endless bands or aprons 30 and 31, which
delivers the bag from the machine in a manufactured state. The bag above
described, when manufactured, is composed of two internal seams or joinings,
and of one external seam or joining, the latter of which forms the bottom
seam of the bag.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Shaw, have hereunto set my band
and seal, this Ninth day of November, One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-eight.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
above-named John Shaw, in the
presence of
C. T. YOUNGMAN,
6, King's Head Court,
Holborn Hill, London.
JOHN SHAW. (L.S.)