IMPROVEMENTS IN BREWING, AND IN APPARTUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREWING, AND IN APPARTUS EMPLOYED
THEREIN." A communication from abroad by William Sylvanus Haight,
of Waterford, in the State of New York, and United States of America.
Sealed the 31st December 1867, and dated the 22nd July 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd July 1867.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREWING, AND IN APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to so treat the hops and to so construct the
vessel into which they are placed that when the beer is added to the hops the
whole aroma of the hops will be extracted by the beer and retained therein.
To this end the hops are placed in an air-tight vessel with a perforated false
bottom to act as a strainer, and one or more upper inner perforated covers to
keep the hops submerged, and an outer close cover to make the extractor tight,
and also a discharge pipe from the bottom for running off the beer. There
are two steam chambers for keeping up the heat in the extractor, and one or
more steam receiving pipes and steam discharge pipes to pass in and discharge
the steam from the chamber, and also a steam pipe to pass the steam under

page_text: the hops when desired, are arranged in the apparatus. The beer is conducted
through a pipe into the close vessel, the hops being held between the per-
forated bottoms, one of which is hinged for the purpose of allowing the easy
removal and insertion of the hops; all these pipes are provided with suitable
taps or valves.
The manner of taking the extract from one hundred pounds of hops by this
process is as follows:-One hundred pounds of hops are placed in the
extractor one hour before the beer is to be run from the boiling tub, and fifty
gallons of water are poured over the hops at boiling heat and the extractor
closed, and the hops steeped and steamed until the beer in which the extract
is to be used is ready to be run over the hops; then the extractor which holds
two hundred gallons is filled with the boiling beer and is left to steep
fifteen minutes, when it is run off from the discharging pipe below the false
bottom; the extractor is then again filled with boiling beer, and the same is
steeped ten minutes and discharged as before, and the process is continued
until all the beer is passed over the hops and out of the discharge pipe.
When the hops have been drained the discharge pipe is closed and fifty gallons
of water are run on the hops, and this extract may be run into the beer that
is being made or kept in the extractor for the next brewing, in which case it
is to be added to the first wort, or it may be heated for steeping the next
one hundred pounds of hops to be used. As the hop extractor in this example
holds two hundred gallons there were fifty gallons of water in the first steep
to prepare the hops, and one hundred and seventeen gallons of beer.
Each of the following steepings would contain one hundred and sixty-seven
gallons of beer, that being the amount the extractor will hold with the one
hundred pounds of hops :-By first adding boiling water to the hops and
letting them steep for an hour the hops are thoroughly prepared to give off all
of their extract, and being kept in a close vessel none of the aroma is lost, and
by adding the last water to them after the beer has been run over them one-
half the beer that is retained by them will be saved.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 22nd January 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County 3
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Edward Newton, Her special licence that I, the said William Edward
Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BREWING, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," being a communication to me
from abroad, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William
Edward Newton, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the:
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed,.
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
The object of this Invention is to so treat the hops and to so construct
the vessel in which they are placed that when the beer is added to the
hops the whole aroma of the hops will be extracted by the beer and retained
therein.
In the present mode of brewing the malt to be operated upon is first ground,
and the water to steep the malt in is heated in the boiling copper or tub to
the temperature wanted, after which a certain amount of water is run into
the mash tub, and the malt is added to it and steeped for about two hours.
The first wort is then run off from the mash tub to the underback below, and
then another quantity of water is run on the malt from the boiling tub, and
the malt is again steeped and the second wort is run into the underback; as
soon as the first extract is run off it is pumped to the boiling tub to be boiled.
The second wort is treated in the same manner, and when they are boiled to
near the gravity wanted for the beer the hops are put in the boiling tub with
the beer and boiled from fifteen to thirty minute; then the beer is run from

page_text: the boiling tub and separated from the hops; the beer is then cooled and
carried to the fermenting tub.
The present Invention consists of an improved manner of taking the extract
from hops for the manufacture of, beer, ale, or porter.
The apparatus to be employed for the purpose is shewn in the accompanying
Drawing, in which Fig. 1 represents a vertical cross section of the improved
hop extractor; Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section of the same; Fig. 3 is
a plan view; Fig. 4 is a side elevation shewing the manner of connecting a
series of the extractors.
The hops are placed in an air-tight vessel A with a perforated false bottom B
which acts as a strainer; there are also one or more upper inner perforated.
covers C to keep the hops submerged, and an outer close cover D to make the
extractor tight; a discharge pipe E at the bottom serves for running off the
beer. Two steam chambers F are for keeping up the heat, in the extractor,
and one or more steam receiving pipes and steam discharge pipes pass in and
discharge the steam from the chambers F; a steam pipe G admits the steam
under the hops when desired. Through a pipe H the beer is conducted into,
the vessel A, the hops being held between the bottoms B and C, of which. the,
latter is hinged for the purpose of allowing the easy removal and insertion
of the hs; all these pipes are provided with suitable taps or valves as
shewr
The manner of taking the extract from one hundred pounds of hops by this
process is as follows:-One hundred pounds of hops are placed in the extractor
one hour before the beer is to be run from the boiling tub, and fifty gallons
of water at boiling heat are poured over the hops. The extractor, is closed
and the hops steeped and steamed until the beer in which the extract is to
be used is ready to be run over the hops; then the extractor which holds
two hundred gallons is filled with the boiling beer, which is left to steep
for fifteen minutes, when it is run off from the discharging pipe E below
the false bottom B; the extractor is then again filled with boiling beer, and
the same is steeped ten minutes and discharged as before, and the process is
continued until all the beer is passed over the hops, and out of the discharge
pipe. When the hops have been drained the discharge pipe is closed and fifty
gallons of water are run on the hops, and this extract may be run into the
beer that is being made or kept in the extractor for the next brewing, in which
case it is to be added to the first worts, or it may be heated for steeping the
next one hundred pounds of hops to be used. As the hop extractor in this
example holds two hundred gallons there were fifty gallons of water in the
first steep to prepare the hops, and one hundred and seventeen gallons of beer.

page_text: Each of the following steepings would contain one hundred and sixty-seven
gallons of beer, that being the amount the extractor will hold with the one
hundred pounds of hops. It will be seen that if the hops were used for
thirty-three barrels of beer they would have been subjected to five different
steepings of boiling beer, and if for fifty barrels they would be subject to nine
steepings:-By first adding boiling water to the hops and letting them steep
for an hour the hops will be thoroughly prepared to give off all of their
extract, and being kept in a close vessel none of the aroma will be lost, and by.
adding the last water to them after the beer has been run over them one-half
the beer that is retained by them will be saved.
In boiling hops in beer as is now done the aroma of the hops is continually.
passing off in vapour and is lost, and also the beer which the hops retain, and
which is one half gallon of beer for each pound of hops used, is also all lost,
and as the beer they retain is flavored as much as the beer that is run off
there is that amount of hop extract lost.
In the improved process the amount of beer lost by retention is small and
that comparatively fresh, it being the last run on the hops, the amount
previously run on having taken most of the extract from the hops, and thus
the aroma of the hop will be saved, the latter being confined while the extract
is being made.
It will be observed in the process described that one hundred gallons of
water have been used on the hops. If the beer is to be kept to the gravity it
leaves the. boiling tub or copper, sugar or syrup is to be added to make the
gravity good. If the beer is twenty-four pounds gravity then would be needed
for the first water used on the hops forty pounds of sugar syrup to bring the
water to that gravity, and from that fifty gallons of beer will be made, and if
the extract that is on the hops after the beer has been run is also used fifty
gallons more beer will be gained by adding twenty pounds of syrup, as that
extract will be a trifle more than half the original gravity of the beer; thus it
will be seen that one hundred gallons of beer more is made at an expense of
sixty-three pounds of sugar syrup, "or five and one-quarter gallons at twelve
pounds to the gallon," and the hops will flavor this extra amount of beer in
this manner of using them better than the lesser amount of beer would be in
the present manner of using them.
In the present manner of brewing if the one hundred pounds of hops had
been used for fifty barrels of beer there would be lost by retention of hops
fifty gallons of beer, while this process would give a gain of fifty gallons,
making a difference of one hundred gallons or three barrels and one-third.
By this process all the aroma of the hop will be saved, and a better hop flavor

page_text: given to the beer from the same quality of hops. One-half of the beer that
is retained by the hops as now used by brewers is saved by the improved
process, and considerably more extract is obtained from hops by this
than by the usual method.
process
Where brewing is carried on on a more extensive scale two or more
extractors A, A, A, may be put up one above the other, as shewn at Fig. 4;
they are so arranged and set that one will discharge into the other through a
pipe a, and their covers are connected by means of pipes 6 to keep the air
properly balanced and circulating. The operation is the same as before
described, only a greater saving and more complete extract will be obtained,
as each charge of beer will be brought in regular order through five (more or
less) lots of hops, and the hops are exposed at least five (more or less) times
to the action of the beer, so that they will be very thoroughly extracted.
Having now described the Invention of "improvements in brewing," and
having explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, I claim as the
Invention secured to me by Letters Patent as aforesaid,
First, the process herein specified of extracting hops by placing them in an
air-tight vessel, and applying the beer in the manner herein specified.
Second, applying steam to the hops when they are contained in an air-tight
vessel preparatory to the application of the beer, as set forth.
Third, the process berein set forth of removing the beer from the hops from
which the extract has been taken.
Fourth, the apparatus arranged as described for the purpose of hopping
beer.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Seventeenth day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
W. E. NEWTON. (L.S.)