IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR CLOSING OR FASTENING NECKTIES, STOCKS, CUFFS, AND OTHER OBJECTS
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Jensen, of 89, Chancery Lane, in the
City of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MEANS FOR CLOSING OR FASTENING NECKTIES, STOCKS, CUFFS, AND OTHER
OBJECTS."-A communication from abroad by Emile Victor Pages,
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Jensen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th January 1870.
I, PETER JENSEN, of 89, Chancery Lane, in the City of London,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR CLOSING OR FASTENING NECKTIES, STOCKS, Cuffs,
AND OTHER OBJECTS," (communicated to me from abroad by Emile Victor
Pages, of 2, Rue Ste. Appoline, Paris, in the Empire of France,) to be'
as follows:-
:-
The nature of this Invention consists, in various arrangements of
fasteners for neckties, stocks, cuffs, and other objects, one part of the

page_text: "Tastener being secured to one end of the object to be joined, the other
end of which is nipped or held tightly by and passed through the
fastener.
*One modification consists in two small flat metal clasps consisting
cach of a straight centre part, and with each end bent down at right
angles towards the same side; one fits over the other, and the outer one
has a screw in the centre the point of which presses against the other
clasp, the ends of which have a slot or long hole through which the
reduced ends of a cylinder pass, and which are rivetted to the ends of
the outer clasp; the cylinder may be of wood or other material. This
fastener is sewn or otherwise attached to the inside of a bow and
joined to one end of a necktie, the other loose end of same being put
in between the cylinder and the inner clasp. The screw on being
screwed against the inner clasp holds the loose end of the necktie
tightly. To loosen it one has only to turn the screw the reverse way.
The head of the screw, which may be set with stones or pearls, should
be outside the bow to get at it easily. The necktie may also be closed
by having inside the bow a small cylinder with short pointed pins,
while the other end of the necktie is put between the cylinder and
the bow; it enters casily and the points prevent its loosening at the same
time as a small tightening guide keeps the tie fastened, but on taking
the guide off the tic can be loosened without being torn.
The following is a better modification:-It is made in the shape of a
closed staple which is fastened in the inside of the bow and through which
the loose end of the tie is passed. The latter is kept in its place by a
plate being pressed against it by a small cam which is turned or pushed
against it by a thumbscrew or knob.
Another arrangement consists of two plates one having a hole
and the other a corresponding knob for the purpose of pressing the
end of the necktie into the hole to hold it firmly. It may be made
with a pin for fastening like a brooch. It may also be made with a safety
ring or catch spring to prevent it getting loose. For the purpose of
suiting the fastener to various thicknesses of neckties, cuffs, and other
objects, I provide the fasteners consisting of the two plates aforesaid with
a spring and a step catch, the latter having, say, three projections, against
cither of which according to the thickness of necktie used the upper
plate may be stopped and held, the lower plate being jointed to the

page_text: upper, the latter having two projections and the former two corre
sponding slots. Under the lower plate is a spring serving to hold the
knot of the necktie without any pinning or sewing.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Peter Jensen in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 6th July 1870.
i
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PETER
JENSEN, of 89, Chancery Lane, in the City of London, Patent Agent,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Peter Jensen, Her special licence
that I, the said Peter Jensen, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Peter Jensen, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, usc, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MEANS FOR CLOSING OR FASTENING NECKTIES, STOCKS, CUFFS, AND OTHER
OBJECTS," (a communication to me from abroad by Emile Victor Pages,
of 2, Rue Ste. Appoline, Paris, in the Empire of France,) upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Peter Jensen, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Scal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Peter Jensen, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained. in and by

page_text: Drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, that is to
say—
The nature of this Invention consists in various arrangements of
fasteners for neckties, stocks, cuffs, and other objects, one part of the
fastener being secured to one end of the object to be joined, the
other end of which is nipped or held tightly by and passed through
the fastener.
One modification consists in two small flat metal clasps consisting
each of a straight centre part, and with each end bent down at right
angles towards the same side; one fits over the other, and the outer one
has a screw in the centre, the point of which presses against the other
clasp, the ends of which have a slot or long hole through which the
reduced ends of a cylinder pass, and which is rivetted to the ends of the
outer clasp; the cylinder may be of wood or other material. This
fastener is sewn or otherwise attached to the inside of a bow and joined
to one, end, of a necktie, the other loose end of same being put in between
the cylinder and the inner clasp. The screw on being screwed against
the inner clasp holds the loose end of the necktic tightly. To loosen
it one has only to turn the screw the reverse way. The head of the
screw, which may be set with stones or pearls, should be outside the bow
to get at it easily. The necktie may also be closed by having inside the
bow a small cylinder with short pointed pins, while the other end of the
necktie is put between the cylinder and the bow. It enters casily, and
the points prevent its loosening at the same time as a small tightening
guide keeps the tie fastened, but on taking the guide off the tie can be
loosened without being torn.
The following is a better modification - It is made in the shape of a
closed staple, which is fastened in the inside of the bow and through
which the loose end of the tie is passed. The latter is kept in its place
by a plate being pressed against it by a small cam which is turned or
pushed against it by a thumbscrew or knob.
Another arrangement consists of two plates, one having a hole and
the other a corresponding knob for the purpose of pressing the end of
the necktie into the hole to hold it firmly. It may be made with a pin
for fastening like a brooch. It may also be made with a safety ring or
catch spring to prevent it getting loose.

page_text: For the purpose of suiting the fastener to various thicknesses of
necktics, cuffs, and other objects I provide the fastening consisting of the
two plates aforesaid with a spring and a step catch, the latter having,,
say; three projections, against either of which according to the thickness
of the necktic used the upper plate may be stopped and held, the lower
plate being jointed to the upper, the latter having two projections
and the former two corresponding slots. Under the lower plate is a
spring serving to hold the knob of the necktie without any pinning or.
sewing.
The accompanying Drawings illustrate the manner in which this.
Invention may
be carried into effect. Fig. 1 is. a longitudinal view;
Fig. 2 is a side view; Fig. 3 is a longitudinal view with the clasps open;.
Fig. 4 is a section taken through the centre of the whole apparatus of
one arrangement. It will be seen that it is composed of two small metal
clasps a, c, each. formed with a straight part,, the ends, of which are bent..
down; the outside a receives a screw v abutting on the second clasp c
The sides have each a slot to allow the rod d to pass through, being
vivetted to the two sides of the clasp a, and which traverse not only the
two openings formed in the two. sides. of the clasp c, but also of the
roller e, which may be of wood or other material. This arrangement of
fastening or appliance being sewn to the inside of the knot and united:
afterwards to the end of a cravat, the other end of the latter is introduced
between the roller e and clasp c, and by turning the screw b. in the
desired direction the end of the cravat is pressed between the clasp c and
the cylinder e, and it thereby holds the cravat perfectly secure; to undo
it turn the screw in the contrary direction; then the end of cravat
which is held between the clasp c and the roller e not being held the
cravat may be immediately removed. The head of the screw 6 naturally
ought to be outside of the knot of the cravat, so that it may be turned
easily. This head of the screw may be ornamented with precious stones,.
imitation. stones, pearls, or any other ornaments for embellishing the
said knot..
It is the small moveable plate having a guide on each side and pressing
on a small roller or another plate by means of a screw, wedges, or other-
wise, and strongly pressing the cravat between the two parts without
the application of any spring, which is claimed as this part of the
Invention.

page_text: There is also another means of holding the cravat. It consists in
hiding in the knot on a small roller of two or three pieces of metal
almost acting as a needle. The tendency in entering the end of the
cravat into the knot allows it to run freely, but a single prick almost
produces the ordinary effect of a buckle and prevents the cravat coming
undone. A little guide prevents it rising; a small attachment with a
button under stops it from being withdrawn without injuring the cravat
or the ends which hold it.
Another method not less advantageous is represented at Figs. 5 and 6.
a is the slide fixed inside the knot of the cravat; b is a small arched
plate instead of hooks and freely oscillating on the axis b¹; c is the
. material forming part of the cravat; d is a button placed in a convenient
position for being turned; it has at one end a kind of head somewhat in
shape like a violin screw, and at its other end a cam d', which being in
the position represented at Fig. 5 allows free passage for the cravat, and
which in the position represented at Fig. 6 presses on the cravat and
prevents its movement. A little stop rivetted on the slide regulates the
course of the button d.
is
Figs. 7 and 8 represent another arrangement. In Fig. 7 the apparatus
open. In Fig. 8 it is closed. It will be seen that the picce a acts as a
moveable wedge, which on being raised or lowered presses on the
cravat d. The slide 6 is very nearly the same as that represented in the
previous Figures, and two small pins c guide the course of the moveable
wedge a. A change is made in the moveable plate. By making the
same somewhat arched and by closing it by means of a cam or such
like means, the action and pressure of which are regulated purely and
simply by the finger which applies the cravat, and the cravat itself
having a drawing action, continues to create a pressure consequent on
its tendency to become undone which draws the moveable part back, the
shape of which is as desired, as, for example, that of a wedge,
Figs. 9 and 10 shew another arrangement. The piece A which forms
a wedge is regulated by the button B sliding in a groove C instead of
being guided by a tongue passing through the lower part of the slide.
This is a particularly simple fastening for cravats or other articles; it can
also be made of a very small size and in different shapes as fancy.may
dictate, which alone is of importance. Fig. 11 is a view of a fastening
somewhat similar to the small brass fittings for holding window blinds

page_text: by means of cords, the pressure of which is produced by turning back a
portion, the weight of the button makes the leverage. The weight in this.
arrangement is replaced by a spring. Fig. 12 is composed of two small
plates a, b; that marked a has an opening c formed in it, and the other b.
has a projection or rather a kind of knob v, which pressing the cravat.
pushes a small portion of it through the opening and stops it, so that it-
may be held at the neck. This arrangement may be made of different.
forms, as shewn at Figs. 12, 13, and 14. In Fig. 12 the pincer is fixed
to the cravat by means of a pin and consequently moveable. In Fig. 13
the pin is dispensed with and replaced by holes, whereby it is connected
to the cravat. In Fig. 14 the ring F which unites the two plates is
replaced by a spring g which acts not to make pressure but as a stop to
its being removed. The part here claimed is the pincer and opening.
producing the necessary pressure, it may be applied behind the knot either
by sewing on or pinning on by means of a pin or ordinary brooch, by.
this arrangement the ends of the cravat may be made suitable for any.
sized collars. The pincer may be ornamented as in Fig. 15 by using cither
of the fastening arrangements either with a pin, with or without a ring,
or with a spring. An arrangement shewn at Fig. 17, and which is found.
to be a good arrangement, is composed of a single pieoe, as shown at.
Fig. 18. this idea is shown at h, where it enters a groove and presses on.
the cravat. The arrangements now about being described are applicable
to materials of all thicknesses. Figs. 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, and 24 are
views of appliances capable of being applied for this purpose, they are
closed by a rack action and consequently are adapted to all thicknesses,
the pressure may also be obtained by a screw so that the pressure may
be put at any required point, but that part which is particularly claimed
is the capability of adapting the fastening to thick or thin material by:
a spring screw or rack.. The fastening may be inside or outside the
cravat, and may be ornamental or not as required.. In Figs 19 and 20,
a is the tenon, ba mortisc, ando a rack, the pressure being maintained.
by a spring d. This rack which is engaged in an angle of the plate e-
enables the pressure to be regulated whatever may be the thickness of
the material to be held.
Figs. 21, 22, 23, and 24 shew another arrangement having similar
advantages of perfectly holding the end of the cravat whatever may be
the thicknes of the material of which it is made. Fig. 21 is a longitu-
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page_text: way; Fig. 23 is an underneath view; and Fig. 24 shews it open. It
will be seen that the little tenon a in Figs. 19 and 20 is here replaced
by a series of little projections of a pointed shape but blunted at the ends,
so that they may not injure the most delicate fabric they may have to
hold;
these points are attached to or made in a piece with the upper
plate a, and spaces are formed in the other plate 6 to receive the material
without injuring it. The spring c is fixed under the plate 6 by a strong
rivet c', this spring c is sufficiently long that its end comes against the
end of the projection a¹ of the plate a so as to form a resistance which
holds the two parts a and b open. It is on the projection a¹ that the
jointing of the two plates a, b, is formed so that these two pieces aro
kept closed by the end c² of the spring c pressing on the face of the
projection a¹ parallel to the under side of the plate a. It will be under-
stood that this arrangement has similar advantages to the preceeding of
holding the two ends of the cravat or whatever thickness tho material
may be composed.
Hitherto cravats have been composed of one piece, called square
cravats and long cravats.. A long and straight band is now generally
applied.. Various methods are employed for adapting the cravat to the
neck; one consists of taking a cravat or single band and in making a
knot with it according to taste; another consists in preparing a knot
beforehand of the same material and uniting it to the thin band in such
manner as to resemble a knot made by hand. This knot is generally
united to the cravat and has a thin piece of material fitted to it for
fixing. Sometimes women use a brooch in the cravat in order to hold it.
In spite of the variety of forms given to knots and the names, such as
the "Imperial," "Magique," "Regence," "Gladiator," &c., &c., there
still exists in all a great uniformity. The appliances before described are
capable of being made of any desired shape and size; they may be
adapted to a knot made in advance on one of two plates composing the
fastener pincer only, and this is a characteristic part of the Invention.
According to this Invention the ordinary knot made of the same material
as the tie may be used, but a novelty is introduced, viz., all the resources
of gold lace simple or composed of jet or other material are brought into
use for this purpose, a thing which hitherto has only been employed for
clothes. The combination of these knots in gold lace work with the cravat
composed of satan or silk has a very good effect. By extending the idea
it is proposed to employ camcos, real or imitation jet, or other ornament.

page_text: There is a difference between this application and the ordinary brooch
which carries a point which penetrates into the fabric; this part is.
dispensed with, while at the same time the ornamental part may be
employed. Under this part the claims are as follows:-
First. The application of mechanism capable of pressing the crayat
of a knot cither on fabric, jewel, or in other material forming an inde-
pendent body of the whole of the cravat and capable of being applied
at will without the assistance of a pin.
Second. The application of gold laced work in all its applications for
the composition of moveable knots of cravats as well as of jet or jewelry,
and enabled to unite or not on one of the plates of the pincer cravat, and
by extension the application of the idea to all the known methods of
fastening, dispensing with the pin of the brooch, which has hitherto been
considered the essential part of the brooch.
Hitherto the mechanism and the cravat would be only formed alone and
the same thing with a knot, the moveability forms part of the Invention.
This mechanism is covered with a piece of material, but the mechanism
with the imitation of the knot only forms a single thing, a mechanism
imitating a little knot, but it has not been done before, and what is claimed
as part of this Invention and is entirely novel and of great importance in
the adjustments of cravats is the possibility of varying the arrangement
of knots to form with it whatever sort of knot may be desired, and so
that it without the assistance of a pin may. be fixed round the neck of any
wearer. Again by this knot and mechanism a knot which may be varied
as before stated its manufacture is independent of the pinching cravat, or
in other words the manufacture of the knot, which before this Invention
was an independent article, regains its independence by only forming it
for the utility of the consumer. It is also well to mention here the facility
of the removal of the tenon of the pincer cravat which hitherto formed
the integral part of one of the plates. The right of making this tenon
a fixed or moveable one is also reserved. It will be observed that the
same principle goes through all, and that subsequent thouglit and study
has only served to develop the original idea of two plates pressed against
cach other by the simplest possible means, thereby obtaining excellent
results which are entirely new; subsequently the result is obtained
without the assistance of axes, springs, or eccentric pressure; improved
results are obtained over the systems at present in use, thus the original
idea of the system of two plates uniting, and pressing the cravat onc

page_text: against the other and fixing it by means of a screw; then the mode of
making, the plate a little bent and pressing the cravat by means of a
cam; then the two plates become immovable and press the cravat by a
third plate; then the last mode indicating the more simple construction
with a projection in the middle rendering the cravat firm; finally, the
idea of employing two plates combined and for replacing the tenon by
projections. It ought to be well understood that the moveable or non-
moveable tenon can be arranged in different ways; its object is to pincli
the material by compressing it between two parts of opposite forms. It is
easy to see that under another form the principle is always the same; and
the two pincer cravats presenting a completely different appearance are
on the same principle, see Figs. 25 & 26.
a is the bottonr
Figs. 27, 28, 29, and 30 show another combination.
plate of the clasp, it has two sides a¹ and two eyes a², each having a slot
formed therein, the top piece 6 of the clasp can move in the eyes by its
hinges or hinged pin. This piece b, shown detached in section at
Fig. 28 is open at 6¹ for receiving the end of the spring c which is bent
round the pin of the hinge and rivetted to the plate as at its other end;
the other spring c¹ is likewise rivetted on to the plate a and fits against
the foot or cue of the rack d. Figs. 28 and 30 show that the top plate à 2
is much narrower than the space left between the sides a¹ which serves
to pinch the sides of the cravat or tie, which whether thin or thick will
always be held perfectly tight, the plate a also has a spring e rivetted
on to its under side at one end. By raising the other end a knot of any
shape or substance may be inserted and held by the same. As this con-
struction admits of instantaneous change, it is called the "Proteus."
Figs. 31, 32, and 33 show a similar arrangement in three different
views. Only the two sides a³ of the plate a are, so to say, carried to the
middle of the plate, and correspond with two slots in the top plate for
the purpose of tightly holding the ends of the cravat. This arrangement:
as well as all the others may have the spring c applied for forming the
"Proteus" knot. The "tout ensemble" so produced is called the "Royal
cravat."
In order to facilitate the use of these "Proteus" knots a box may be
used for holding them constructed in the following manner, and shewn
in section at Figure 34 and in plan at Figure 35:-It is named the
"boite de l'elegance." It will be seen that the tics folded and arranged
may be put in the bottom of the compartment. The compartment g is

page_text: placed in the box F, resting upon four small supports i in the corners
to prevent the box 9 from going down to the bottom. The knots of
various kinds, materials, and colors are placed in the compartment of g
for easy choice and saving of time.
It must be understood that each "Proteus knot" has a small piece
attached to it corresponding to its wrapper, a rosette knot, a sailor's
knot, or a jewel having a small case (fourreau); by these means an
alteration can be quickly made which is of great importance, and which
is considered a part of the Invention. The application of this small
case (fourreau) to the Proteus knot for fixing it to the fastening of
the cravat may be naturally used as required or at will, or vice versa.
Although the system of fastening as applied to garters and waistbands
is not absolutely a part of the Invention; yet their application is claimed
wherever it can be usefully employed.
A great difficulty with cravats having fixed knots and going round the
neck consists in the hiding of the end of the cravat which is not used,
and this inconvenience continually occurs, for two persons having the
same size neck cannot be found. This inconvenience is so well known
that attempts to remedy it have been attempted by placing the long end
of the tie either in the knot or in one of the rosettes, but almost always
this has been the cause of prolonging the making of certain very elegant
knots. This can be remedied by cutting the end of the cravat to the
length required, only another inconvenience presents itself, namely, the
material unravels, and one has not always a needle and thread or a hand
to spare to make a hem.
After mature consideration the following remedy has been devised to
meet the wants of the most unskilled hands. Two examples of the
numerous combinations will suffice to explain. Supposing the cravat
going round the neck to be too long, it is reduced by cutting it to the
right length, and the hem is replaced by one of the following pieces; or
any similar means for that purpose.
Fig. 36 shows a piece of metal in the shape of a claw, between the
jaws of which the material is held, and a suitable pressure of the jaws
suffices to keep it in its place and prevents unravelling. For these
appliances may be substituted pins similar to those used by draughtsmen
for fixing paper on boards, only here Fig. 37 shews the part a as a large
rounded head, while the pin itself 6 is made blunt and angular, so that
:

page_text: it is sufficient to stick it through the material and then bend the point
round, as shewn at Fig. 38, thus holding the material firmly.
It will be understood that only two methods are described in order to
give an idea of the numerous plans which can be adopted, but what is
claimed is the pinching of the material by suitable means,, doing away
with the hem at the ends of the cravat.
The appliance for pinching the material may also have the form
shown at Fig. 38¹ in such manner that the part a will form jaws, and
the part 6 will make a kind of metallic cyclet hole, which buttons on. to.
the knob or head of a pin on the knot of the cravat. The end of the
cravat is cut off to suit the size of the neck inserted into the double
folded metal plate with the eyelet at the end; as one of the folds of
the metal plate is larger than the other the former is turned over by
means of the finger and some little suitable instrument, and a slight
blow suffices to make the metal adhere and form a hem. It should
be remarked that this metal has a rim with small ridges which penetrate
the material and form points of resistance. There is also a modification.
to plain knots which do not go round the neck by applying a double
button fastening; this construction solves the difficulty or even till now
the impossibility of using all patterns. This idea entails a number of
combinations, but only a few examples are given.
"
Fig. 39 shews a plate with a hole in it for joining it on to the knot.
6 is a stud with a slightly conical aperture through it, and c a corrc-
sponding conical pin. It will be understood that by pushing this pin in
more or less it will accomodate itself to the thickness of the shirt
band..
Fig. 40 represents a similar piece a with a hole in it for joining it to
the knot of the cravat, only it is bent square and has a hinge at 6; the
hinge has a piece c connected to it, and is formed with a groove into
which a piece & fits attached to a¹ by a hinge, and has teeth for bringing
the piece c as close as desired so as to press on the shirt band.
Fig. 41 represents a button a with a stud b having a slot through
it into which a bent piece c, c¹, fits, the former having a spring c² which
presses against the slot while the part c¹ carries the knot.
'
Fig. 42 represents a button a whereto is fixed the knot of the cravat b
traversed by an axis rivetted on to the swivel c, the latter of the same
thickness as the stud enters easily through the button hole; it is there-

page_text: upon reversed as shown, thus preventing it going out of the button
hole.
Figs. 43 and 44 represent à plate a whereto the 'knot is fixed. "It
carries a stud jointed in the middle at c, and there carrying a leg d
held by a spring e; this spring rests on the part f at the end of the
stud b, thus offering a certain resistance to prevent the piece d from
coming out of the button hole.
Fig. 47 represents a double square a and a¹ jointed at b. and kept open
by a spring c fixed to one of the pieces a¹ so as to cause a pressure for
introducing them into the button hole when thereupon the spring is let
go the fastening is produced without fear of becoming undone. It is
always necessary to take hold of the mechanism which forms the joint
and turns down whenever desired.
:
$
The whole of these details have rendered perfect this form of
mechanism, which is applicable to all sorts of double buttons, either for
cuffs or for any other parts requiring double buttons for joining two
pieces of material. The last grooved clasp arrangement which joins
two button holes is also a good arrangement and forms part of this
Invention. The following is a description of the same:-In Fig. 45, a is
the plate fixed on the knot; b, b, are two branches joined by a plate c
which has a mortise d; e is a balance slide through which a stud passes:
It will be understood that in the position shown at Fig. 46 the stud
passes through the button hole and the stud is then reversed, as shown
in Figure 45, so as to prevent it coming out of the button hole.
By these improvements the difficulty has been overcome of joining the
cravat to the shirt band and collar. Another fact equally worth noticing
is this that the neck will be at ease by reason of the shirt collar being
large and the cravat exerting its pressure not on the neck but on the
shirt collar and so not impeding respiration.
b
Figs. 48, 49, and 50 represent another mechanism according to this
Invention. is a button with a tenon having perforations through
which the pin passes; the number of perforations permits more or less
tightening. A spring g gives the pressure for keeping the double button
closed. When the cravat is on the neck and it is desired to loosen it, it
is enough to press on the end of the pin b, the spring then yields and
the button is disengaged. A square piece a pierced with holes serves to
fix the fastening to the knot of the cravat.

page_text: Figs. 53, 54, 55, and 56 represent a double button for cuffs. Fig. 59
is a fastening for cravats; they are composed of a disc a, which may be
made with any ornamented design and carries a tail piece or flap
forming a hinge at its ends having a plate c, which to enable it to pass
through the button hole takes the position shown by dotted lines in
Fig. 55. When turned back it stands as shown in section in the same
Figure; it passes easily through the button hole and keeps safely
buttoned, a spring d forms a slight stop at ď, as shewn in Fig. 56, for
maintaining the necessary pressure and preventing it from getting
undone by the movements of the arm or the neck.
Figs. 60, 61, 62, 63, and 64 show a mechanism of the same sort, only
the button a forms a rigid angle with the parts b, c, so that it will have
to be slightly inclined for entering and requires a certain space between
the arm and the shirt for raising itself again. Although this button is
not so easily applied as the preceeding one still it is a good arrangement.
Figs. 65 and 66 show a button which is called the double hygenic
button. The two parts a and b are independent and joined by a spring
which admits of the movement of the neck.
Figs. 67 and 68 show an arrangement. of great simplicity. One of the
discs carries a spring, and the other a staple c which takes hold of tlic
spring.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Jensen, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
DUTED
TENGEN