Apparatus for Lighting and Heating by Means of Hydrocarbons.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Mar., .1897-Accepted, 22nd May, 1897
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Apparatus for Lighting and Heating by Means of Hydrocarbons.
I, SYDNEY PITT, of Sutton, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention (which has been communicated to me from
abroad by la Compagnie Internationale des Procédés Adolphe Seigle, of 147 Rue
de Courcelles, Paris, in the Republic of France,) and in what manner the same is
to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The apparatus which forms the object of this invention may be employed
indifferently for lighting or heating, and especially for heating steam boilers, by
means of heavy or light liquid hydrocarbons.
The apparatus represented in Figures 1 and 2 is intended for lighting or heating
by means of heavy hydrocarbons.
If for any cause it be wished to employ light bydrocarbons the apparatus is
modified as in Figure 3.
The apparatus shown in vertical section in Figure 1 and in horizontal section
in Figure 2 on the line 2-2 of Figure 1 is composed―
I of a retort in which the heavy hydrocarbons serving for the lighting or
heating are gasified or vapourized.
2-of a sprayer or pulverizer injecting the gasified products proceeding from
the retort.
3-of a permanent lighter placed between the jet of the sprayer and the furnace
to be heated.
This lighter may be in one piece with the sprayer or the retort, it may be
independent of one or the other, or of both.
It may also be fixed to the front portion of the furnace.or be in one piece with
this latter or be removeably attached to it.
The retort may be constructed of any metal sufficiently resistent; it consists
of three principal parte, the lamp, the combustion chamber, and the retort properly
BO called.
Its working is as follows:-
To put it into action, the apparatus being cold, an easily inflammable light
hydrocarbon is poured into the lamp A placed below.
The quantity that the lamp contains is sufficient in burning to bring the
metal of the combustion chamber B and consequently the heavy hydrocarbon
contained in the retort to the vapourizing temperature of the said hydrocarbon.
The vapour produced passes out by the pipe D and proceeds to the sprayer.
The pipe D has a branch pipe. É through which a portion of the vapourized
bydrocarbon passes, which issuing by a nozzle F serves to heat the combustion
chamber B.
This combustion chamber is provided at its entrance with a permanent lighter
which will hereinafter he explained.
The lamp A when once the combustion chamber has been brought to the
temperature of vapourization has no longer any function to perform and the heating
of the combustion chamber B is solely obtained by the combustion of hydrocarbon
vapour issuing by the nozzle F.
The combustion chamber B may be formed with or without air inlets.
In order to increase the length of the path traversed by the heavy hydrocarbon
to be vapourized, partitions G are suitably arranged in the free space left between
the combustion chamber and the retort.

page_text: .
The number and the size of the superposed concentrio cylinders, forming the
combustion chamber and the retort are variable according to the size of the apparatus
and the use to which it is to be put.
The portions of the cylinder may be coupled together by bolts, and may
consequently be dismounted for the purpose of cleaning the apparatus.
The hydrocarbon to be vapourized passes in under pressure through the upper
pipe H.
Immediately in front of the outlet aperture D is a box in one piece with the
lower section.
This box is filled with any material suitable to serve as a siove to retain the
impurities that may be carried by the hydrocarbon vapour.
The hydrocarbon vapour produced in the retort passes to the sprayer J through
the pipe K.
L' is an inlet tube for air or steam.
M is the sprayed jet.
A valve box O is provided, it allows communication with the retort to be closed
which then ceases to feed the sprayer.
Permanent lighter. This portion of the apparatus for lighting and heating is
shown at P, Figure 1, it may be of various shapes dependent on the arrangements
adopted by projecting the combustible.
The tuner wall which may be either of metal or refractory substances, should
slightly pinch the jet of gas, vapour or combustible, its axis is coincident with that
of the flame.
The shape shown in Figures 1 and 3 is that most suitable for a single jet but in
cases in which it is useful to have a sprayer with multiple jets or several sprayers
for a single burner, the shape of the lighter would be determined by the outer shape
of the flame where it is generated.
The permanent lighter should be placed between the projecting apparatus or
sprayer and the burner in such a manner that its inner wall is constantly maintained
at a temperature higher than that of ignition point of the substances projected.
In Figure 3 there is shown an apparatus based upon the same principle as the
apparatus above described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 and constructed for
the same object, this apparatus is only employed for lighting or heating by means
of light hydrocarbons.
It is characterized by the simplification of the construction and the possible
elimination of the sprayer.
It consists of two parts.
The retort and the permanent lighter.
The retort is formed of a spirally wound metallic tube.
The interior of the spiral forms the combustion chamber.
The lamp is identically that of the apparatus shown in Figures 1 and 2 and
operates in the same manner.
The light hydrocarbon enters under pressure at H' and the hydrocarbon vapour
passes out at D¹.
As has above been stated the sprayer may be eliminated.
The hydrocarbon vapour passing out at M passes immediately into the
permanent lighter P¹ above described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the usture of my said inven-

page_text: 2-a permanent lighter apparatus having for its object to relight in case
of extinction of the flame, its inuer wall being maintained at a high
temperature preventing condensation of the combustible jet.
All substantially as described and shown in the drawings.
Deted this 30th dex of March 1897.