Improvements in the Construction and Arrangement of Locomotive Engines.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Nov., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 31st July, 1889-Accepted, 7th Sept., 1889
MASIONAL NEUTRATION.
Improvements in the Construction and Arrangement of Locomotive
Engines.
I FRANCIS WILLIAM WEBB, of Crewe in the County of Chester, Mechanical
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention to be as follows:-
--
The Engine is constructed with a pair of outside cylinders to drive the hinder
pair or pairs of driving wheels which in the case of two pairs are coupled and the
front pair or pairs which in the case of two pairs are also coupled and driven
with one or a pair of cylinders which when the weights on each pair or group of
driving wheels are about equal should be of about equal capacity to the outside
pair driving the hinder pair of wheels or group when two pair are used, and when
the Engine is required to work with full power, boiler steam is admitted to all
the cylinders but when working a light train by reversing a set of valves, and
thus closing the cylinder or cylinders driving the front pair or group of wheels
from the boiler steam; steam is exhausted from the outside pair of cylinders to
the inside cylinder or cylinders through the steam chest or chests of the latter so
as to expand the steam from the outside pair through the inside cylinder or cylinders
and so avoid a too early "ent off" in any of the cylinders which throws an undue
strain upon the crank pins and bearings and also lowers the temperature of the
cylinder surface more than is the case than if worked in the manner proposed.
In this Engine I prefer to use one or the other of the arrangements of fire
box described in the Complete Specification filed by me in application for a Patent
Numbered 1974 A.D. 1888, and an expansion gear so that when boiler steain is
admitted to all the cylinders the grade of expansion in all can be about the same,
but when admitting boiler steam to one pair only the steam can be worked in
the second pair of cylinder or cylinders so as to get the best results with the
least back pressure in the first pair, and when boiler steam is admitted to all the
cylinders, each cylinder can exhaust into the atmosphere but when steam from
the boiler is admitted to one pair only the valves before mentioned when set to
admit the steam to the second pair of cylinders at the same time close the exhaust
of the first pair to the atmosphere.
9
Dated the Fourteenth day of Nawamhan 1000
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction and Arrangement of Locomotive
Engines.
I, FRANCIS WILLIAM WEBB, of Crewe, in the County of Chester, Mechanical
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :—
The Engine is constructed with a pair of outside cylinders to drive the hinder
pair or pairs of driving wheels, which in the case of two pairs are coupled, and
the front pair or pairs which in the case of two pairs are also coupled and driven
with one or a pair of cylinders, which when the weights on each pair or group
of driving wheels are about equal, should be of about equal capacity to the outside
pair, driving the hinder pair of wheels or group, when two pair are used, and
when the Engine is required to work with full power, boiler steam is admitted to
all the cylinders but when working a light train, by reversing a set of valves, and
[Price 8d1

page_text: thus closing the cylinder or cylinders driving the front pair or group of wheels
from the boiler steam, steam is exhausted from the outside pair of cylinders to
the inside cylinder or cylinders through the steam chest or chests of the latter
so as to expand the steam from the outside pair, through the inside cylinder
or cylinders and so avoid a too early "cut off" in any of the cylinders which
throws an undue strain upon the crank pins and bearings and also lowers the
temperature of the cylinder surface more than is the case than when worked in the
manner proposed.
In some cases both the wheels driven by the inside cylinder or cylinders and
those driven by the outside cylinders may be coupled.
In this Engine I prefer to use one or the other of the arrangements of fire
box described in the Complete Specification of Letters Patent Numbered 1974
A.D. 1888 but a boiler of any other suitable construction may be used, and I also
prefer to use expansion and reversing gear, such as that described in the complete
specification of Letters Patent granted to me, and Numbered 4738 A.D. 1884,
though other suitable expansion and reversing gear may be used, so that when
the boiler steam is admitted to all the cylinders the grade of expansion in all,
can be adjusted to be about the same, but when admitting boiler steam to one
pair only, the expansion gear is so notched or adjusted that the steam can be
worked in the second pair of cylinder or cylinders so as to get the best results
with the least back pressure in the first pair, and when boilor stoam is admitted
to all the cylinders, each cylinder can exhaust into the atmosphere, but when
steam from the boiler is admitted to one pair of cylinders only, the valves before
inentioned, when set to admit the steam to the second cylinder or pair of cylinders, at
the same time close the exhaust of the first pair of cylinders to the atmosphere.
I prefer when exhausting the steam from one cylinder or pair of cylinders to
another cylinder or pair of cylinders, to work the outside cylinders always by
direct boiler steam, but in some cases, the inside cylinders (when a pair is used)
may be those always worked by direct boiler steam-and though in some cases
two inside cylinders may be used, I prefer to use one, and in the following
explanation I have assumed that there are two outside cylinders always worked
by direct boiler steam and one inside cylinder worked either by direct boiler
steam or exhaust steam from the outside cylinders. In some cases it may be
preferable to have both sets of cylinders inside cylinders.
My improved Locomotive Engine as hereinafter described is constructed and
arranged with two outside cylinders, for the hind driving wheels, and one inside
cylinder for the fore driving wheels.
The slide valves of the outside cylinders and inside cylinder for controlling the
admission and exhaustion of tho stoam to and from the cylinders, and the reversing
and expansion gear (as before stated) is or may be of the ordinary kind and
arrangement.
The reversing gear is or may be arranged to reverse the valves and adjust the
grade of expansion for both outside and inside cylinders simultaneously, but if
desired the expansion gear for the inside cylinder may be adjustable independently
of that for the outside cylinders.
The valves for the outside cylinders as before stated are of the ordinary arrange-
ment, but the exhaust steam from them does not pass directly to the blast pipe,
but first passes to a box or chest or to two separate boxes or chests (hereinafter
termed the exhaust steam chests) which are each provided with two slide valves
so arranged that when one valve is open the other is closed, and one of these
valves in each exhaust steam chest in the one case opens or closes a passage
between it and the valve chest of the inside cylinder, and the other valve in each
exhaust steam chest opens and closes a passage to the blast pipe.
If desired, and when convenient only one exhaust, steam chest with two valves
need be used to receive the exhaust steam from both outside cylinders but as
hereinafter described two exhaust steam chests are shown as the most convenient.
The steam chest of the inside cylinder is also provided with a valve to open or

page_text: close communication between the boiler steam and the steam chest of the inside
cylinder.
The valves in the Exhaust steam chests, and the boiler steam valve are con-
nected with and actuated by the same shaft and a suitable handle and connected
mechanism simultaneously, so that by one movement of the handle, the steam from
the boiler will be admitted directly to the steam chest of the inside cylinder and
the exhaust steam from the outside cylinders will be shut off from it and allowed
to pass directly to the blast pipe.
The exhaust steam from the inside cylinder passes directly to the blast pipe,
from the exhaust valve cavity of an ordinary slide valve or from a slide valve
working between an upper and lower facing, (commonly known as "balanced slide
valves the exhaust steam in this case passing directly from the exhaust port or
cavity in the slide valve through a hole in its back to the pipe leading to the
blast pipe.
With the preceeding explanation the accompanying drawings will be sufficient
to show how my invention is carried into effect.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation showing the inside cylinder and connected valves and
pipes, and the hand lever and connected mechanism for working the valves.
Fig. 2 is a plan view of the cylinder and part of the mechanism shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is à transverso sectional elevation looking towards the rear end of the
cylinder.
Fig. 4 is a transverse vertical section on an enlarged scale taken through the
line A-B fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a transverse vertical section taken through the centre of the valve for
admitting steam direct from the boiler to the valve chest taken on the line C-D
fig. 1.
a, is the inside cylinder; b, part of the framing of the Locomotive; a¹, steam
chest of the cylinder a; c, the pipes which convey the exhaust steam from the outside
cylinders to the exhaust steam chests c', on the sides of the steam chest a', shown best
in fig. 4., slide valves (one on each side) to open and close the passage between
the exhaust steam chest c, and steam chest a'; c³, slide valves (one on each side) to
open and close the passage between the exhaust steam chest c', and the pipe c*,
leading to the annular blast pipe d, round the funnel pipe dx, (see fig. 1).
e, pipe bringing steam direct from the boiler to the valve chest a', which pipe is
connected with a casting having a valve e¹, in it for turning on and shutting off the
supply of steam. This valve-e¹, is actuated by a spindle e, arranged to partly rotate,
passing through a stuffing box e³, the spindle having an arm e, secured upon its end
by which it is partly rotated.
Valves of this construction are well known, and are used as "regulator valves" on
the London and North Western Railway Company's Locomotives.
The slide valve (not shown) for admitting steam to and exhausting it from the
cylinder a, is intended to work between a facing having the steam and exhaust ports
in it and a facing co, for the back of the valve (such valves being well known as
"balanced valves) the exhaust steam passing through a hole in the back of the valve
to the pipe d, leading to the blast pipe d.
The slide valves c³, and c³, are actuated respectively by spindles c, and c³, passing
through stuffing boxes..
These valve spindles c, and c', are connected to the slotted arms from a shaft ƒ,
carried in suitable bearings from the framing or cylinder a.
If desired short connecting links may be used between each valve spindle and the
arm for it on the shaft f.
The arm e, on the valve spindle e, is also connected by a rod e, with an arm from
the shaft which arm is also connected by a rod g', with a hand lever g, having its
fulcrum g, on the framing or foot plate of the Locomotive, this handle y, having a
spring catch g, the end of the rod connected with which enters a notch in one extreme
or the other of the segment g*, carried on the framing for the handle 9.

page_text: When the band lever g, is in the position shown in fig. 1, steam is admitted
directly from the boiler to the outside cylinders only and the valves c², are open, and
the valves e, are closed to allow the exhaust steam from the outside cylinders to pass
to the steam chest a', of the inside cylinder a.
When the hand lever g, is in the reverse position to that shown in fig. 1 indicated
by the centre line g³ the valves c³, are closed, and the valves care open and the stop
valvo el, is also open, and steam direct from the boiler may then be admitted to all
the cylinders, the outside cylinders exhausting through the annular blast d, and
the inside cylinder through the pipe d, which pipe discharges into the funnel
pipe d* but the latter may be dispensed with and the pipe d', carried up to the
level of the upper part of the pipe d, leaving an annular space between the two.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is.
1. In Locomotive Engines the combination and arrangement of two sets of
cylinders together so that both sets of cylinders may be worked by steam direct from
the boiler or one set of cylinders by steam direct from the boiler, and the other
cylinder or set of cylinders by exhaust steam from the set of cylindors worked by
steam direct from the boiler, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by
the drawings.
2. In Locomotive Engines the combination and arrangement of mechanism sub-
stantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described and illustrated by the
drawings.
3. In Locomotive Engines with two sets of cylinders combined, arranged and
worked as hereinbefore described, the coupling of the wheels driven by one set of
cylinders with the wheels driven by the other cylinder or set of cylinders sub-
stantially as hereinbefore described.
Dated thie Thirtieth dow of July 1880
PETER J. LIVSEY,
Agent.