Improvements in Chamber Jets for Oxyhydrogen Lime Light Effects.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Jan., 1894-Accepted, 3rd Mar., 1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Chamber Jets for Oxyhydrogen Lime Light
Effects.
I, BENJAMIN JOHN MALDEN, of 22 Portland Road, Finsbury Park, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to improvements in the construction of chamber jets, as
used for mixing or combining the oxygen and hydrogen gases prior to their emission
from the nozzle, or point at which ignition takes place, and from which the
flame is directed on to the lime cylinder, in the production of the well known
lime-light.
The difficulty hitherto experienced in connection with such jets, has been to
provide a safe and reliable means for properly mixing the two gases, in their
relative proportions, at the latest moment prior to ignition, without incurring
hazard or danger arising from the possibility of explosion occurring through the
pressure of one of said gases being in excess of that of the other, by which the
current or flow of the higher pressure, overcame that of the lower, and so carried
the Hame to the reservoir of the latter, when an explosion would be inevitable, but
by the method and means of constructing the said mixing chamber according to
my invention, I am enabled to use, and make it a sine qua non that, the pressure
of the one gas shall be greatly in excess of the other, in order that the current
from the higher, may act as a forced draught or suction for the lower, and by
which I am enabled to use oxygen gas from a high pressure portable reservoir, in
combination with low pressure hydrogen, or carburetted hydrogen or common coal
gas, obt: ined from any convenient source, which, where available, may be from
that of an ordinary house service, without the slightest danger, and personally,
without the slightest fear of an explosion occurring, hence the object of my
invention.
In order that my invention and the manner of carrying the same into effect
may be clearly understood, I have hereunto appended a sheet of drawings, in
which,
Figs. 1 and 2 are side elevation and plan respectively of the base or lower
portion of my said improved chamber jet.
Figs. 3, 4 and 5 are elevation, top plan, and bottom plan, respectively of a
deflecting plug, which, when surmounted by the perforated cap, shewn in eleva-
tion, top plan and bottom plan by Figs. 6, 7 and 8 respectively, find a seating
in Fig. 1.
Fig. 9 is an elevational view of the jet nozzle.
Figs. 10 and 11 are elevation and plan respectively of the cap or cover for
retaining Fig. 9 in position upon Fig. 1.
Fig. 12 is a vertical section of the entire apparatus, as it would appear taken
upon the line A B Fig. 2.
Fig. 13 is a section similar to Fig. 12, but illustrating an alternative method of
construction.
In carrying my invention into effect, I cast or otherwise produce from any
suitable metal or metal alloy, a chamber base A, the upper portion of which B is
hollow, and may be of lesser diameter than A, and is provided with an external or
male screw thread. Upon the centre of the upper surface of A is fixed, vertically,
or formed integrally therewith, a tapered nozzle C, in which a very fine or pin hole
passage is formed, the lower end of which extends vertically for a suitable distance

page_text: into the substance of A, when its course may be diverted in any direction so as to
communicate with the oxygen gas conduit. D. In the substance of A, and opening
into its upper surface, near to, but not in communication with the passage of C, is
a passage which descends into A and diverges from the vertical, if necessary, in
any direction so as to communicate with the hydrogen or carburetted hydrogen
conduit E.
-
In Figs. 1 and 2 the gas conduits DE are shewn entering the side or rotund
portion of A, this being the most convenient arrangement when the said chamber
forms part of a jet as used in connection with projecting lanterns, but when the
said chamber forms part of a jet as used for stage illumination and other effects,
it may be convenient that the said gas conduits enter A at some other part_than
that shewn at Figs. 1 and 2, which inay be at the bottom thereof as at Fig. 13, or
in any other position desirable, such position of course regulating the said
divergencies, if any, of the passages F and that in C.
The plug G shewn at Fig. 3 is arranged to fit air tight within the rim B, resting
upon the upper surface of A, and in this a preferably central opening G'is formed,
of such size as to permit the upper end of the nozzle C to extend partly there-
through, but not in touch therewith, so that a passage for the hydrogen or
carburetted hydrogen exists between the nozzle C and the wall of G as shewn at
Fig. 12. The lower surface of G is cupped or hollowed, preferably but not
imperatively as shewn at H, while its upper surface is provided with an externally
threaded nosing J, surrounding which an annular groove K is formed in the
substance of G.
The hollow cap L (Fig. 6) is arranged to screw upon the nosing J, and in the
lower surface of this, any desired number of perforations M is formed in such a
manner that these form a gas passage froin J towards the groove K in G.
The jet nozzle N (Fig. 9) is formed at its base so as to fit into and rest upon the
rim B, and cupped or hollowed to permit a passage for gas between itself and the
cap L, its upper end being curved or bent in any desired manner in order to direct
the stream of the combined gases so that these may impinge upon the lime
cylinder (shewn in diagramn in Fig. 12) in the usual way. The nozzle N would
be retained in air tight connection with B, by the means of a cap P (Fig. 10) when
this is screwed upon B as shewn at Figs. 12 and 13. The manner of operation is
as follows.
The oxygen gas employed would be stored under very high pressure in a
portable reservoir, provided with a suitable governor or pressure regulator in the
usual way, from which it would be conveyed through the conduit D, and with
great force through the nozzle C, and would thus form a suction or forced draught
for the low pressure hydrogen gas, when this is used, or carburetted hydrogen gas
when this is obtainable from any convenient source, (which may be that of an
ordinary house service when this is available) coming from or through the conduit E,
and passage F, into the hollow H in G, and through the aperture G³, and these com-
bined gases mingling within the hollow cap L, would be forced by the greater
pressure of gas from C, through the perforations M, and impinge upon the
groove K, and by reason of the several streams of combined cases, occasioned by
the several passages M, the two gases would be intimately mixed by being forced
around K, ultimately passing up and out of the nozzle N, where they would be
ignited in the usual way.
From the foregoing it will be understood that the pressure of the fine
stream of oxygen gas from the nozzle C, being greatly in excess of the pressure
of the combined gases in and above the hollow cap 1, it would not be possible for
the latter to overpower the former and make re-entry into the opening of the
aperture G, and an explosion from the before mentioned causes would be a matter
of impossibility.
In Fig. 13 illustrate an alternative device in which I dispense with the
accessories G and L, and elongate the nozzle C, until this reaches and more or
less enters the narrow part of the nozzle N, within which the mixing of the

page_text: gases would take place, but I prefer to employ the method of construction shewn
by Fig. 12.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is.
Ist. In an improved safety chamber jet for oxyhydrogen lime light effects, the
construction and use of the berein described apparatus, and the several parts and
accessories constituting the same, the whole connected, combined and operating,
substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth and shewn by the accom-
panying drawings.
2nd. The improved safety chamber jet consisting of a base A, with externally
threaded rim B, the former being provided with a pin hole nozzle C, in com-
munication with a conduit D entering at any part of A, for the conveyance, under
great pressure of oxygen gas to C, and also provided with a passage F in com-
munication with a conduit E, for the conveyance of low pressure hydrogen or
carburetted hydrogen gas to the interior of B. The deflecting block G seated
upon A within B, cupped upon its under surface as at H, and provided with a
passage G¹ surrounding C, and terminating at its upper end with an externally
threaded nosing J, for receiving a hollow cap L provided with any number of
perforations M for the conveyance of the combined gases under pressure into an
annular groove K in G, wherein they become thoroughly mixed. The nozzle N,
cupped at its lower surface so as to surround without touching the upper portion
of L, when seated in and upon B, and there retained by the cap P, when this is
screwed upon B, the whole connected, combined and operating substantially as and
for the purposes herein described and shewn by the appended drawings.
3rd. The improved safety chamber jet, consisting of a base A, with elongated
nozzle C, in communication with a conduit D, and having a passage F com-
municating with a conduit E, with rim B, jet nozzle N, and cap P substantially as
herein described and shewn by the accompanying drawings, particularly by that of
Fig. 13.
Dated this 17th day of January 1894.
GEO. THOS. HYDE,
4, Moorfields, Fore Street, London, E.C., Agent for the Applicant.
GEO. THOS. HYDE,
4, Moorfields, Fore Street, London, E.C., Agent for the Applicant.