Improvements in Furnaces and Stoves.
Year: 1890

page_text: Complete Specification Left, 16th Sept., 1890-Accepted, 18th Oct., 1890
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Furnaces and Stoves.
I, ELLIS FREEMAN EDGAR, Engineer, of Woodbridge, in the County of Middlesex
and State of New Jersey, United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The invention relates to Furnaces and analogous apparatus and consists in the
devices set forth in this Specification and the drawings forming part of the same
in which;
Figure 1, represents a type of locomotive boiler provided with a device embodying
my invention;
Figure 2, is a sectional view on line x, a, Figure 1 looking from right to left; and,
Figure 3, represents the invention embodied in a stove.
Many forms of apparatus have been devised for improving the combustion of a
given amount of fuel and thereby creating a greater heat, but few if any of these
apparatus provide satisfactory means of utilizing the heat that is produced.
Much of it passes off to heat places other than those where it is initially desired.
This is amply proved by the fact that heat for certain purposes is often sufficiently
furnished by merely running a stove pipe from a stove in one apartment through
another apartinent and also by the warmth which chimneys are frequently found to
possess.
My object in devising the present invention has been to conserve this lost heat
and to render it available in the apartment where the combustion takes place or
at those places which the form of the apparatus employed is intended to heat,
such for instance as the flues of boilers.
To accomplish this result in the locomotive type of boilers B, I place in the smoke
box S, in front of the flues or at least in the line of draught from them to the smoke
pipe, a wall W, substantially enclosing the end of the flues, preferably making it of a
size only sufficient to enclose the flue openings and using a eross wall w, to complete
the enclosure, though almost as good results might be obtained by extending W,
entirely across the smoke box. In this wall W, I form an aperture a, (one or more)
that is,
the aggregate area of which shall about equal the area of the draught exit;
the opening e, leading into the smoke pipe P. Usually this aperture consists of a
narrow opening between the side of the boiler and the wall W, as shown.
With such an apparatus it will be found that much more of the heat is utilized and
that a much greater amount of steam will be produced by the combustion of a given
amount of fuel than if the passage from the flues f, to the exit e, were entirely open to
the full size of the smoke box. The heat being checked by wall W, is expended in
the flues, as is evinced by the fact that the smoke box and the smoke pipe as well as
what issues therefrom, is much less heated than in the ordinary form of apparatus.
An increased effect is produced by placing a second wall W₁, beyond wall W, with an
aperture a', located at a different relative point from a, here at the centre of W'.
These walls are usually made of fire clay. In different forms of heating apparatus
their form is of course varied to correspond to the general design, and their location
as well.

page_text: In a stove such as that shown in Figure 3, the object is to throw as much heat as
po sible into the room. Accordingly I place W, at right angles to the side wall of the
stove and at a distance from the fire bed, preferably near the level of the exit e, with
aperture a, between said wall W, and the interior surface of the stove. The result is
that instead of a stove highly heated only at the level of the fire bed and a stove pipe
and chimney considerably heated, it will be found that the stove from: wall W, to the
fire bed (and sometimes below) is very highly heated, while the pipe, the chimney and
the stove above W, is heated but very little and the heat is utilized to raise the
temperature of the apartment instead of being wasted by escaping through the draught
exit. Wall W, is located relatively to W, as in the locomotive boiler, and a
damper D, is provided, by partially closing which, the fire may be checked without
throwing gas into the room, for there being a larger chamber beyond W', continually
exhausting through e, (a passage about as large as the opening still left free
through W) the gas if unconsumed, readily passes into said chamber and escapes
through e, and the pipe, its passage being unimpeded after passing W'.
The best effect is produced by locating aperture a, as described, but to some
degree the apparatus is still efficient if said aperture is located at some other place
than the extreme edge of wall W. It seems to be necessary however that both
faces of W, should be entirely within the apparatus, otherwise decreasing the space
for draught too greatly checks the fire, wall W, becoming chilled, but when enclosed
as described it becomes white hot and greatly assists perfect combustion.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :
1. In a heating apparatus, a wall interposed in the line of draught between the fire
bed and the draught exit and substantially at the end of and completing the enclosure
of the space to be heated, with one or more apertures therethrough located only
substantially at or near the edge of said wall and together substantially equal in
area to the area of the draught exit as set forth.
2. In a heating apparatus, a wall interposed in the line of draught between the fire
bed and the draught exit and substantially at the end of and completing the enclosure
of the space to be heated, with one or more apertures therethrough located only
substantially at or near the edge of said wall, together substantially equal in cross
area to the cross area of the draught exit, and a second wall beyond the first at a
short distance therefrom with one or more apertures therethrough, substantially
equal in aggregate area to, but out of line with the aperture or apertures in the
first wall, substantially as set forth.
Dated this 4th day of September 1890.
ELLIS FREEMAN EDGAR.