Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Nov., 1886.
Complete Left, 9th Aug., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 27th Sept., 1887.
I, NESTOR FRERE, of 13, Upper Westbourne Terrace, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to an improved method of storing and nerating water, under
any desired pressure, in tanks or containers either above or below ground, at any
altitude, fixed or portable, from which it can be drawn, or ejected, as may be required
for transference, or use.
According to the present methods of storing water, there are only two practicable
sources of pressure available; one is that obtaining in the Water Company's mains;
and the other, that derivable from a "head" of water, consisting of a cistern fixed at
a height and its draw-off pipes.
Now my invention supplies a means by which water can be received or stored,
under pressure, in tanks or vessels of any size, fixed or movable; and afterwards
drawn or ejected therefrom, as it may be wanted; while there is provision made in
the construction and fitting of the tank or vessel for a renewal of the pressure, or of
the charge of water.
In carrying my invention into effect, I make the tanks or vessels of sheet metal or
other suitable material. The thickness of the material is, of course, decided by the
pressure it will be called upon to bear, and the shape of the tank or vessel is also
decided according to this consideration as far as circumstances will permit of. The
seams must be perfectly air and water tight.
My invention is not confined in its application to tanks or vessels of any particular
capacity, and is as capable of dealing satisfactorily with ten thousand gallons of water
as with ten or even less.

page_text: The water is always admitted or injected at the bottom of the container, and a non-
return valve is fixed upon the admission pipe. As the water fills the tank or vessel,
the air previously contained therein is driven before the entering fluid and compressed
up to the pressure which is driving the water in, when no more will enter. This air
cushion is the expelling force by which the water is driven out under a pressure
greater than its own head, and which pressure can always be increased or renewed by
pumping.
Suitable draw-off pipes and cocks are provided along which the stored water can
be led in any desired direction.
D
...
1

page_text: 1, NESTOR FRERE, of 13, Upper Westbourne Terrace, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
:-
My invention relates to an improved method of storing and aerating water under
any desired pressure, in tanks or containers, either above or below ground, at any
altitude, fixed or portable; from which it can be drawn, or ejected, as may be required
for transference or use.
According to the present methods of storing water, there are only two practicable
sources of pressure available; one is that obtaining in the Water Company's mains ;
and the other, that derivable from a head of water, consisting of a cistern fixed at a
height and its draw-off pipe.
Now my invention supplies a means by which water can be received or stored under
pressure in tanks or vessels of any size, fixed or moveable; and afterwards drawn or
ejected therefrom, as it may be wanted, while there is provision mado in the construc-
tion and fitting of the tank or vessel for a renewal of the pressure, or of the charge of
water.
In carrying my invention into effect, I make the tanks or vessels of sheet metal
or other suitable material. The thickness of the material is of course, decided by the
prossure it will be called upon to bear; and the shape of the tank or vessel is also
decided according to this consideration as far as circumstances will permit of. The
seams must be perfectly air and water tight.
My invention is not confined in its application to tanks or vessels of any particular
capacity, and is as capable of dealing satisfactorily with ten thousand gallons of water
as with ten, or even less.
The water is always admitted or injected at the bottom of the container, and a
non-return valve is fixed upon the admission pipe. As the water fills the tank or
vessel; the air previously contained therein is driven before the entering fluid and
compressed up to the pressure which is driving the water in; when no more will
enter. This air cushion is. the expelling force by which the water is driven out and
it can always be increased or renewed by pumping.
Suitable draw off pipes and cocks are provided along which the stored water can be
led in any desired direction.
1 will now proceed to.describe my invention in detail, referring in so doing to the
accompanying drawings, which are to be taken as illustrating the general method of
applying my invention, and not as confining me to the particular details shown in
the figures.
.
Figure 1. illustrates the application of my invention to hand fire engines, water
carts, and the like portable containers and dischargers of water under pressure,

page_text: A is a water tank; a, the draw off pipe; and B the draw off cock and union;
fixed at a lower level than the bottom of the cylinder to be charged. C is a cylinder
of sheet metal removeably mounted upon a truck D.
The cylinder is made preferably of sheet iron or steel, and is both air and water
tight, and sufficiently strong to resist the pressure to which it would be subjected.
I prefer to use a cylinder of a circular cross section although I do not confine myself
to this shape.
The cylinder is connected to the tank A, for the purpose of being charged, by
means of a length of flexible tube D¹, one end of which is attached to the cock B, and
the other to a cock c and union c¹, the former fixed to the end or side of the cylinder
near the bottom. The cock c may be replaced by a suitable automatic non-return
valve.
When the tube D' has been connected to the two cocks B and c, and themselves
opened, the water will rush from the tank A into the cylinder C, driving the air in
the latter before it, and towards. the top thereof. The water will continue to flow
into the cylinder until the pressure to which the body of compressed air therein
(represented by the dotted line E) is subjected, and which it returns upon the water
in the cylinder, balances the pressure due to the head of water in the tank A and
pipe a.
I provide the cylinder with a pressure gauge to indicate the pressure obtaining
in the cylinder. This may be supplemented by a water gauge, or replaced by a relief
valve set to open outwards at a given pressure.
The pipe a may equally for the purpose of my invention be attached to a street
main instead of to an elevated tank, if more convenient.
When the pressure that can be produced in the cylinder by the head above men-
tioned, or by the pressure in the street main from which the cylinder is supplied is
not enough; it is supplemented by a force pump G fixed upon or to the pipe a at any
convenient point thereof. By means of this pump, water can be pumped into the
cylinder increasing both the volume of the charge and the pressure acting upon it in
the said cylinder, up to the bursting point of the latter.
When the process of charging the cylinder C is complete, the cock c is closed and
the pipe D' disconnected from it. It is then wheeled on its truck A to the spot from
which the water is to be delivered.
A discharge pipe with a suitable jet is connected to the cock c, and the latter opened.
The water will then be ejected from the jet so long as the pressure within the cylinder
continues to be practically above that of the atmosphere.
Figure 2 is a side elevation illustrating the application of my invention to garden
barrows, for watering flower beds, lawns, and the like.
The conditions regulating the application of the invention, and the method of
carrying it into effect on a garden barrow, are the same as described with reference
to Figure 1 and need not be repeated here.
Those parts of Figure 1 which reappear in Figure 2 are marked with the same
reference letter.
I have described above the application of my invention to a movable container
such as a cylinder on wheels. "I will now describe the application of it to fixed
apparatus.
I erect at any convenient point, according to the circumstances of the particular
case, a suitable vertical or other shaped air- and water-tight container or tank. This
has combined with it a force pump, and is fitted with supply and discharge cocks and
connections, and discharge pipe and jets, substantially as described with Figure 1.
Figure 3 is an illustration of a further extension of my invention.
I is a watering pot differing from those in general use to the extent of being air
and water tight. It is fitted with a supply cock and union c and c³, as the cylinder
of Figure 1; and, further, has a second cock in the spout.
When neither elevated cisterns nor street mains are available as sources of pressure,
the utility and capability of my invention supplies the defect as I will now proceed to
point out.

page_text: Take the case of a garden, with its.complement of green houses, ferneries, and the
like, in a country village, with only natural water supplies at ordinary pressure, such
as wells, ponds, or brooks.
A suitable air- and water-tight container or tank is fixed in any convenient spot,
not necessarily at an elevation above the ground level, and with it is combined a
force pump and the necessary supply and discharge cocks and connections, discharge
pipes and jets, substantially as above described; and as soon as the container/cylinder
has been charged there is ready to hand a high pressure water supply.
Figure 4 is a diagrammatic sectional elevation illustrating the last described appli-
cation of my invention; and also a further one if the apparatus be constructed of a
sufficient capacity, viz., to the purpose of establishing a high pressure water supply
of aerated uncontaminated water for domestic use.
Lis the water supply which may be a street main or a natural source.
M is the force pump and m is the suction pipe.
N is the delivery pipe to O, the reservoir, preferably of a cylindrical shape.
Like the cylinders above described it is air- and water-tight, and of sufficient strength
to resist the pressure to which it will be subjected. The supply N enters the reservoir
at or near the bottom thereof; and, at the point of junction, is furnished with a
suitable non-return valve, or equivalent device, and stop-cock to prevent the escape of
either air or water from the reservoir up the pipe N.
The reservoir may be placed between the ground level in a pit constructed for that
purpose and covered with a suitable roof; sufficient space around the reservoir being
provided for access to the various connections fixed thereon.
P is the main supply from the reservoir to the house or other service.
Qis a blow off cock communicating with a drain, and at, which the reservoir may
be blown out at intervals.
The articulation of the delivery pipes from the main supply is regulated according
to requirements. Supplementary reservoirs may be fixed in ferneries, near lawns,
or under fountains if desired.
Pressure and water gauges and an air supply are fixed upon the reservoir; and a
pressure gauge may be fixed to the pump also, if that upon the reservoir is invisible
to the man working the pump.
A supplementary draw off cock is provided upon the reservoir for use when the
house service is disorganized.
The advantage of my invention as applied to a house supply over and above those
enumerated above with reference to portable and fixed cylinders tanks and containers
for containing and discharging water are as follows:-
(a). The reservoir is on the ground level, and therefore its weight does not fall
upon the framework of the house.
(b). The reservoir is closed so that neither dust, bacteria floating in the air, nor
vermin can get thereinto.
(c). The water in the reservoir is always aerated in spite of the reservoir being
closed to the atmosphere.
(d). The reservoir, being made of sheet metal, is impervious to infiltration.
When my invention is applied to domestic or commercial purposes, I may, as a
matter of course, incorporate with it a suitable filtering apparatus between the water
supply and the reservoir.
My invention is not confined to the applications described above or illustrated in
the drawings, inasmuch as it is capable of numerous applications which are not
enumerated here.
I wish to point out the substantial difference between the well known air-vessel as
used upon a pump, and my invention.
The pressure to which the air in an air-vessel is subjected is limited by the head
of water, whereas the pressure to which the air-cushion in my apparatus is subjected
is not limited by the head.
The air vessel of an ordinary pump is useless without the pump, whereas the air
cushion of my apparatus is independent of the pump.
•

page_text: The pressure in the air vessel of a pump is for the purpose of maintaining a constant
delivery, and for preventing shocks, but is not the ejecting agent; whereas, in my
invention, the sole function of the air cushion is to eject the water.
I wish therefore to disclaim any intention of laying any claim to the well known
air vessel, but
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The combination of portable air- and water-tight tank; non return valve; water
supply and delivery, substantially as described with reference to the accompanying
figures 1, 2 and 3.
2. The combination of portable air- and water-tight tank, non-return valve upon
the water supply; force pump adapted to be connected to said supply; and delivery
connections; substantially as hereinbefore described.
•
3. The combination of high pressure water supply; air- and water-tight reservoir
connected therewith by means of a suitable line of pipes (with which may be incor-
porated a force pump) and suitable draw-off cocks and pipes; substantially as
described with reference to the accompanying figure 4.
4. The combination of a low pressure water supply, a force pump on a suction
and delivery connecting said water supply to an air- and water-tight tank and adapted
to deliver water from said supply into said reservoir; and suitable draw off cocks
and pipes so fixed upon and to said reservoirs; substantially as herein-before describeḍ
with reference to the accompanying Figure 4.
5. The combination of an air- and water-tight tank, container or reservoir; a pipe
fitted with a non-return valve, or its equivalent, and opening into the bottom of said
reservoir; and the air within the said tank, container or reservoir, adapted to be
compressed before and by the water entering or ejected through the said pipe, and
consequently to expel the said water at or through à discharge so soon as the latter
is opened; substantially as described, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
oil
+
2