IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH PRINTING MACHINES OR APPARATUS AND IN THE METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR OBTAINING MATRICES FROM TYPE
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields in the
County of Middlesex Gentleman for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR
CONNECTED WITH PRINTING MACHINES OR APPARATUS AND IN THE METHOD
OF AND MEANS FOR OBTAINING MATRICES FROM TYPE." Communicated to
him from Edwyn Anthony of Lincolns Inn Barrister at Law at present
residing in the City of New York United States of America
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th December 1882.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex
Gentleman "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH PRINTING MACHINES OR
APPARATUS AND IN THE METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR OBTAINING MATRICES FROM
a communication to me from Edwyn Anthony of Lincolns Inn Barrister at
Law at present residing in the City of New York United States of America
TYPE
"
One part of the said Invention consists in mechanism for printing simultaneously
on both sides of two webs and causing them to issue so that the method of
associating webs together described in the Specification of Letters Patent No 2879
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty two may be
applied.
Another part of the invention consists in printing from one set of stereotype
plates continuously on both sides of one or more webs and in such a way as to
produce perfected papers at twice the rate which an ordinary web press does while
being able to print on the same machine papers of various numbers of pages.
Another part of the Invention consists in a process of taking papier maché
matrices from type arranged so that its surface is cylindrical. Heretofore the said
matrices have been obtained from type fixed in flat chases resting on a plane so
that the surface of the type is a plane. Consequently if it be afterwards required
to place the type on a rotary printing press (i.c. on one on which the type is put
on one or more cylinders as in the machine in accordance with the first part of the

page_text: Invention) it is necessary to take the type out of the said chases and rearrange it
in movable type beds.
This operation consumes considerable time in fact as much as is required to
produce several stereotype plates By this invention the just mentioned delay is
avoided On the removal of the matrix from the surface of the type it (the type)
may be placed directly on the printing cylinder so that one machine may be
printing from type before the stereotype plate is cast and when the latter is
finished it can be placed on a second machine. Thus by the time one set of plates
is ready two machines would be running one printing from type and the other from
stereotype, the former having been started just so long as it takes to produce a
finished stereotype plate from the papier maché matrix. It is thus possible where
the circulation is large enough to require the simultaneous use of two or more
machines to go to press considerably later than when the matrices are obtained
from a flat surface. The invention is also useful where only one machine is used,
but more than one edition is printed For the pages in which alterations are to be
made can be stereotyped and the plates put on the machine. The type will thus
be free for the making of alterations while the first edition is being printed and
the next edition can be printed from the type thus altered. But had the matrices
been taken from a flat surface it would be necessary after obtaining the matrices to
remove the type into type-beds before it could be placed on the printing cylinder.
And even when stereotyping is not employed the curved chase and the improved
type bed hereinafter described are more convenient than the type beds heretofore
used on account of their less weight and consequent facility in handling.
Another part of the Invention refers to the tension of the roll of paper
In web printing machines of which kind are those described under the first and
second parts of the invention in machines used for damping the rolls of paper
before printing and in machines connected with the manufacture of paper, a web
of paper wound round a shaft is unrolled by the motion of the machine which
continuously pulls the free end of the roll and thus gradually unwinds it. The
tension on the paper as it passes from the roll depends on the amount of resistance
to motion offered by the roll. This quantity is usually regulated by a brake at
one or both ends of the said shaft and it varies a great deal from many causes.
For instance the resistance increases as the diameter of the roll decreases, it
changes with any change in the velocity of the machine and it likewise depends
on the condition of the brake which is of necessity not uniform from day to day.
This part of the invention consists in making the tension of the roll automatic
that is to say in causing it to fluctuate within narrow limits about any required
mean amount and to be practically independent of the size of the roll of the
velocity of the machine and of the variations in brake power.
I will now proceed to describe in order the above enumerated divisions of the
invention according to the first part of the Invention.
The forme bearing cylinders have their axes parallel to one another and round
each are placed an appropriate number of impression cylinders. When the formes
(the maximum number being on the machine) occupy the whole circumference of
the cylinder, then two impression cylinders will be required in connection with
each forme-bearing cylinder when only half the circumference is so occupied then
four impression cylinders will be needed when only a third, six impression cylinders
and so on
And corresponding numbers of carrier cylinders must be used to conduct
the webs from one impression cylinder to the next, Thus when the impression
cylinders are four in number for each forme-bearing cylinder there must be two
carrier cylinders for each, when six four and so on.
In the case of the maximum number of formes occupying one half the cir-
cumference of the cylinder, there are two sets of four impression cylinders one set
in connection with each forine bearing cylinder two carrier cylinders in connection
with the first set of impression cylinders and two in connection with the other set.
There are cutting cylinders placed in any convenient position Whatever portion

page_text: of the circumference is occupied by the formes, the course of the webs may be
described as follows.
One web which I will call B' is suitably conducted and completely printed on
one side by the one forme-bearing cylinder which I will call D it is then led to
and is completely printed on the other side by the other forme-bearing cylinder
which I will call C. Next it passes through a deflecting apparatus (according to
the object in view as hereinafter explained) and finally goes to the cutting
cylinders The second web which I will call A is first completely printed by the
cylinder C and then passes to be printed on the other side by the cylinder D² the
web being able to cross the path of the web, B' through the open space caused by
the deflecting device. The web B passes between D and the first impression
cylinder thereof round a carrier and thence between D2 and the next impression
cylinder thereof thus getting printed on one side It next passes between C' and
an impression cylinder of C2 round a carrier and thence between C2 and the next
impression cylinder thereof thus receiving an impression on its other side. After
this it passes through the reverser and goes on to the cutting cylinders. The
web A passes between C the first impression cylinder thereof round a carrier and
thence between C and the next impression cylinder thereof Now printed on ono
side, it is led round suitably placed rollers, and passes between the space of the
reverser to between D* and an impression cylinder thereof thence round a carrier
to between D and another impression cylinder thereof thence it issues completely
printed on both sides and goes to the cutting cylinders. The webs are now both
printed on and, issuing so as to satisfy the conditions necessary for associating any
number, of webs with them in the manner explained in Specification of the
aforesaid Patent N° 2879 in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
eighty two when it is desired to print only papers the number of whose pages are
even multiples of two. The added rolls must be printed on and issue as therein
explained and they can pass to the cutting cylinders through the same open space
of the reverser which the web A² does
When it is required to be also able to print papers. the number of whose pages
are odd multiples of two then certain mechanism hereinafter described must be
substituted for the reverser
The course of the web A2 will be as before and also that of the web B² except
that it will pass through the said mechanism so as to have its pages the reverse
way up to what they were in the previous case. The two webs will thus in
this case be printed on and issue in a manner described in the aforesaid Specifi-
cation and the association of other webs with them may be effected as therein
explained.
When the machine is used to print a smaller number of pages the cylinders C
and D have only half the previous number of formes so that they occupy but one
fourth of the circumference. The roll A is not used. The roll B follows the same
path which it does in the case before described until it has passed between C³ and
the second impression cylinder thereof Thereupon instead of being led to the
deflecting mechanism it passes round a carrying roller thence between C and the
third impression cylinder thereof and afterwards follows to the cutting cylinders
the same path which the web A2 takes in the case before described It is clear
that the web will issue from between the cylinder last impression and D³ completely
printed on both sides
As before remarked the Invention is applicable whatever multiple the whole
circumference of the cylinders D* or C may be of the arc occupied by the formes.
Nor obviously need each cylinder be the same multiple thereof
Thus the formes might go all round D' and one third round C or vice versä étc
In the case of the formes occupying the whole surface of both cylinders
The way
of printing from half the number of pages will be similar to that last described
that is to say, the formes will occupy one half the circumference of D and C and
the web A' is not used The web B³ follows the same path that it does in the case
of formes occupying the whole surface of both cylinders until after it has passed
A 2

page_text: between C and the first impression cylinder thereof From there it must be taken
by suitably placed rollers so as to pass between C² and the other impression
cylinder thereof and afterwards it follows the same course which the web A³
does in the case of formes occupying the whole surface of both cylinders. Thus
it will issue from between D' and the second impression cylinder thereof completely
printed on both sides.
I will now more particularly describe the deflecting mechanism.
Frames of a right angle form are provided equal in all respects and the angle
at the apex of each is equal to any convenient angle less than forty five degrees.
Taking for example them to be thirty degrees then first the planes of the triangles
must be inclined to one another at an angle of One hundred and nine degrees.
and twenty eight minutes approximately secondly the edges forming the bases are
placed so as to be parallel to one and opposite one another with any convenient
distance between them, rollers are provided one touching the edge produced forming
the hypothenuse of the one triangular frame and the other the corresponding edge
produced of the other triangular frame The axis of the last named roller must
be inclined at an angle of fifty four degrees and forty four minutes approximately
to the perpendicular of its triangular frame at an angle of sixty degrees to the
hypothenuse thereof and the axis of the first named roller must be parallel to that
of the last named
The rollers should be placed at a sufficient distance apart to admit of other webs
or the like passing freely through one or other of the open spaces formed by the
web passing thereover The edges over which the web passes should be somewbat
rounded so as not to have a tendency to tear the web while passing over them.
The web should be passed centrally over the triangular frame The web passes
over the edge of the one triangular frame then round the first roller from there
round the second roller and finally over the edge issuing of the second triangular
frame with its edges lying in the same pair of parallel planes that they did before
the web entered the apparatus but reversed so that the upper surface of the
web before entering the apparatus becomes the under surface on leaving the
apparatus.
Where papers whose pages are odd multiples of two are to be printed the
mechanism consists of the same parts as that just described but they are differently
arranged Here the planes of the opposite triangular frames are parallel to one
another as are also their edges formed by the hypothenuse
The axes of the rollers are parallel to one another and are inclined to the edges
of the triangular frames at an angle equal to the complement of the angle thereof
The one roller touches the edge produced by the hypothenuse of the one triangular
frame and the other roller the corresponding edge produced of the other triangular
frame
The central line of the web must pass over the middle point of the edge d¹ f¹.
The distance between the planes of the triangles depends upon the breadth of the
widest web that it is desired to pass through the apparatus.
By this means the web is deflected from its path and brought back again
without the reversal of its sides the deflection providing the open spaces through
either of which other webs or the like may be passed another form of apparatus
like the reverser first described reverses the sides of the web but the planes of the
web on entering and leaving the apparatus are parallel to one another as in that
secondly before described instead of being inclined to one another
The opposite triangular frames are equal in all respects and are placed with
their planes parallel and so that the plane through the perpendicular of the one
triangular frame perpendicular to the planes of the triangles passes through the
perpendicular of the other triangular frame-The distance between the planes of
the triangles depends on the breadth of the widest web which it is intended to
pass through the apparatus-The roller must touch the edge formed by the hypo-
thenuse produced of the one triangular frame and also the corresponding edge
produced of the other triangular frame Its axis must be inclined to the said edges

page_text: of the frames at an angle equal to the complement of the angle at the apex of the
triangular frames.
Referring now to the second part of the Invention (which relates to machines
for printing from stereotype only while that just described is applicable to those
which print from type or stereotype) the formes are arranged (whatever paged
paper a machine is required to print) on each cylinder all in one line instead of
putting as heretofore half the number of formes in one line and the other half in
another line behind it-Thus for the same number of pages the cylinder must be
twice the usual length while with the same diameter of cylinder the part of the
circumference occupied by the formes will be only half the fraction of the whole
circumference which it usually is-In brief and general terms the method of con-
structing machines in accordance with this part of the Invention may be described
as follows-
The maximum number of pages to be printed being settled the axes of the forme
bearing cylinders are taken as long as is convenient in practice-If the length be
enough to arrange half of the formes in one line on one such cylinder (the direction
of the columns being in the direction of motion of the cylinder) and the other half
on another such cylinder only two such forme bearing cylinders and one roll of
paper are required-But if all the formes cannot be thus placed on two cylinders
four such cylinders are used and two rolls of paper and if these last be not enough
yet two more cylinders and another roll and so on until there are enough cylinders
to receive all the formes-The circumference of each cylinder is made two or three
or four or other number of times the length of one forme-twice the said length
being in general the most convenient size to adopt Each roll is printed in precisely
the same way that is to say each pair of forme bearing cylinders completely prints
on both sides one web of paper-The webs whatever their number are brought
together over a single roller after they have been printed on both sides and their
after treatment is absolutely independent of the number and relative breadths of
the webs depending solely on the number of pages abreast which at its fullest
capacity the machine will print-Moreover whatever the number of pages abreast
the result attained by the after treatment is the same and the means of attaining
it are in all cases very similar-By folding the webs (by any suitable mechanism)
along one or more longitudinal lines (the webs at pleasure being either cut or not
cut along the said lines) they are brought into the forme of a web on which a four
page paper is printed with all the pages the same way up and the columns lying in
the direction of motion of the web that is to say several such webs will be running
one on the other together with (when the number of different pages is an odd
multiple of two) a one page broad web and if the webs have been severed along the
aforesaid longitudinal lines of fold all these webs will be distinct webs but if they
have not the number of distinct webs will obviously be the same as the number of
rolls used The after processes of transverse cutting further folding when desired
and delivery may be done in any suitable way the problem being in all cases the
same namely to construct mechanism for folding and manipulating a four page
paper For several webs running on one another in the manner herein described
inay clearly be transversely severed and folded just as if they were a single web-
And any paper of fewer pages than the maximum number which the machine can
print can be printed by suitably choosing the number and the breadths of the
rolls used no alteration or adjustment of the folding or other mechanism being
needed.
I will now give a more detailed description of this part of the Invention when
applied firstly to the printing of eight or fewer pages and secondly to the printing
of sixteen or fewer pages the largest number of pages that can be placed abreast on
the machine being in each case supposed to be four
In the case of an eight page paper there are four pages abreast the formes only
occupy half the circumference of the cylinders forme bearing cylinders which I will
call C³ D³ and two impression cylinders are required in connection with each of
them

page_text: Had the formes been arranged in the usual way only two pages would have
been abreast the whole surface of C³ and of D³ would have been covered with
formes and only one impression cylinder would have been needed for each forme
bearing cylinder
For eight paged papers there are usually arranged four formes in a line and this
number in the case of papers whose pages are about the average width necessitates
the axes of the printing cylinders of the roll of the inking rollers and other parts
being as long as is convenient in practice-When however the pages are of less
breadth (as is usually the case with books) five six or a greater number of formes
may be placed abreast
As before remarked when the maximum number of pages which can be placed
abreast is not sufficient to print the required number of pages then two additional
forme bearing cylinders and another roll are used and the two webs are run
together after they have been printed on both sides
Similarly any number of additional rolls may be used and all run together over
a roller after they have been printed on both sides
As an example The circumferences of the said forme bearing cylinders is twice
the length of a forme two impression cylinders are used in connection with the
forme bearing Cylinder which I call Cs and similar ones are used in connection
with the forme bearing cylinder which I call Da-There are also provided carrier
cylinders which conduct the web in its passage between the respective impression
cylinders
The length of the pages of a newspaper are usually such as to make the diameters
of C³ and Da convenient in practise-But when this is not the case the circum-
ference of C and of D³ must be taken three or four or more times the length of a
forme additional impression and carrier cylinders being correspondingly added
The web will pass from the series of cylinders completely printed on both sides
its distances of travel between the respective impression cylinders of each pair and
from the point of contact of C and its second impression cylinder to the point of
contact of D³ and its first impression cylinder being of course properly adjusted.
For a six page paper pages 5. 2. 3 should be put on cylinder C³ and pages 6. 1. 4
on cylinder Da
From the roller at the exit from the series of cylinders the web must be
conducted to a mechanism which will fold it longitudinally Any suitable
mechanism may be used for this purpose-For example that described in the
Specification of Letters Patent N° 2764 in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and sixty two or in the Specification of Letter Patent Nº 3319 in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy or in the Specifi-
cation of Letters Patent No 2879 in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and eighty two-The web passes from the aforesaid roller over
triangular piece thence round a fixed segmented cylinder and from there passes
between two rollers
Its further course will depend on the mode of delivery adopted-If no additional
folding is required it may be taken directly to the cutting cylinders and delivered
in any suitable way-But if it be desired that it be further folded then from the
aforesaid rollers it may be conducted to another triangular piece thence round a
fixed segmented cylinder and from there between aud from other rollers q* and
is conducted to any suitable cutting cylinders to be severed transversely into
lengths equal to the length of a page plus suitable margius that is into lengths
equal to half the circumference of Ca or D³-It then passes to the delivery
mechanism or to receive further folds as may be desired.
Considering now the case of a machine which is to print any paper from two to
sixteen pages inclusive the one roll is printed on by precisely similar mechanism to
that last herein before described and the other roll is printed by similar mechanism
A convenient way of connecting the two printing mechanisms is by a toothed
wheel in gearing with toothed wheels on the axes of adjacent cylinders-The two
webs after passing over the roller at the exit end of the printing mechanism must

page_text: be conducted through longitudinal folding apparatus in precisely the same way as
is the one web in the last described arrangement. Taking the case of sixteen
pages, two full breadth rolls must be used, the pages being imposed on the forme-
The
bearing cylinders so that they may be printed on in the order therein shewn.
webs will pass over the roller at the exit end one on the other and after passing
through the first longitudinal folding apparatus they will be folded thereby. In
this state they may be conducted to cutting cylinders for the purpose of being
transversely severed and the pages may be delivered with or without further folds.
Or they may be conducted to a second suitable folding device from which they will
issue and pass to cutting cylinders to be severed transversely and thence pass to
suitable delivery or further folding mechanism as may be desired.
It will be observed that alternative ways are provided of printing a fewer
number of pages than the maximum number the machine will print. For example,
a six page paper may be printed by the use of one three quarter breadth roll (i,e,
three quarters of the breadth of the widest roll the machine will print) or by the
use of one half-breadth and of one quarter-breadth roll. A ten page paper by the
use of one three-quarter-breadth and one half-breadth roll, a twelve page by the use
of two three-quarter breadth rolls and so on. Moreover in printing a number of
pages, not exceeding half the maximum number, the productive capacity can often
be doubled, by duplicating the stereotype plates. Additional folding mechanism
will however be needed. For example, a four or eight page paper may be printed
from a single set of plates by the use of two sets. In this last case, as just
remarked, the course of the roll or Rolls, after passing over the roller at the exit
from the printing cylinders, will be different from what it was before, The web,
or the two webs together (as the case may be) must be longitudinally cut.
strip, must then, just as before, pass through the two longitudinal folding apparatus
(or their equivalents) but the other strip must pass to other folding and delivery
mechanism provided for the purpose. This mechanism may be precisely like that
through which the other strip passes, after issuing from the first longitudinal
folding device.
One
And
It is obvious that in all cases the web or webs may be longitudinally cut either
before or during their passage through the longitudinally folding apparatus.
when the said longitudinal cutting is done before such passage, then in place of a
longitudinal folding device, any suitable mechanism may be substituted, which
will bring the two strips together.-Such mechanism is well known and as no claim
to them is herein made it is unnecessary to describe them. The after folding and
delivery, the number and breadth of the rolls will all be the same as before. But
the order of the pages on the web will depend on which sides of the strips are
brought in contact. If the same, as when longitudinal devices are used, then the
order will be unchanged; but if the underside of one strip be brought into contact
with the upper side of the other, (an impossibility without longitudinal cutting,)
then the order is changed.-For example, in a sixteen page, paper, the order of
the pages on web A³ will be 16. 1. 12. 5, and on web B, 3. 14. 3. 10. 7. In certain
cases, when the web or webs (as the case may be) has or have not been cut longi-
tudinally, then, if desired, a thin strip may be longitudinally cut from the side, so
that practically the web or webs becomes or become in the same state as if it or
they had been longitudinally severed before they had entered the longitudinal
folding device.
When a larger number of formes than four can be placed abreast, the printing
mechanism is the same as before (the axes of the impression cylinders and other
parts being of course of proportionate length.). But the treatment of the webs,
after passing over the roller exit from the printing cylinders, though similar, will
not be identical with what it is when four pages are abreast. It will differ four
different number of pages abreast, and any particular case may be treated in more
ways than one, though all substantially the same, and leading to the same result,
that is, as before remarked, there are got ultimately two-page-abreast webs running
on one another, with or without one-page-abreast webs running with them.
For

page_text: example, suppose six pages abreast to be the limit.-Here papers can be printed of
from two to twelve pages inclusive by the use of one roll only. If a larger number
be required, more than one roll must be used and the webs will, as before, pass
together over the roller at the exit from the printing cylinders. The after treatment
in this, as in all other cases, is precisely the same whether the webs be one or many,
since the several webs are together and they virtually become one web for folding,
cutting and delivery purposes. Taking the case of a twelve-page paper, there is
required only one roll and the formes may be imposed so that the pages are printed
on the web in the order of 8, 5, 4, 9, 12, 1. We may now by any suitable
longitudinal folding device fold them into three. The web may now be treated as
herein before described. But by differently arranging the order of the pages we
might have begun by folding in two and afterwards folding a third over the other
part. By the use of two webs, twelve and less paged papers may be printed by
printing mechanism capable of taking only three pages abreast. And eight and
less paged papers by mechanism capable of taking only two pages abreast. In
this last case, only one longitudinal folding mechanism will be required. It should
be noticed that the axes of the forme-bearing cylinders need not be parallel to one
another, if suitable mechanism be provided to conduct the webs from one cylinder
to the other, and also if required to cause all the webs to pass over the roller at the
exit from the printing cylinders with their edges lying in the same pair of parallel
planes.
Considering now the third part of the Invention, there is provided an imposing
table with a curved chase on it filled with type. The said table should be securely
fastened on any strong suitable frame and so that the height of the surface of the
table may be convenient for the purpose of lifting the type in and out of the
chases. The table itself should be of iron and the form of its upper surface should
be accurately that of a portion of a cylinder of the same curvature as the printing
cylinder. The curvature of this last cylinder will of course depend upon the
amount of curvature which it is desired the surface of the type should have.-This
being fixed, the diameter of the printing cylinder (and of the upper surface of the
imposing table) will be less than the diameter of the cylinder of which the upper
surface of the type forms part by twice the height of the type.
When in lieu of the chases the hereinafter described movable type-beds are
employed, the imposing table is not required; and the diameter of the printing
cylinder will be less than it was in the previous case by twice the thickness of the
lower parts of the said movable type-beds. The Invention is applicable, whatever
kind of rotary printing press be used, and no alteration therein is required, except
in the printing cylinder or cylinders as the case may be. The movable type beds
of the usual construction really form a portion of the printing cylinder and receive
the pressure which the type undergoes in the act of printing. In the present case,
the irremovable parts of the Cylinder must be able to resist this pressure and
therefore the surface of the said printing cylinder or rather of that portion of it
on which the chases or the hereinafter described movable type-beds rest, should be
continuous, that is to say, it should be a smooth cylindrical surface similar to that
of a cylinder intended to receive Stereotype plates, and of course it must be
accurately made inasmuch as when the curved chases are used, it forms the bed on
which the type rests similarly to the case of flat surface printing. All that need
be considered is that the table itself must be a continuous plate of metal of sufficient
thickness and that its upper surface must be accurately that of a cylinder of the
requisite radius less by the height of the type than that of which the upper surface
of the type forms part.
When instead of the chases, the curved movable type-beds are used then the
printing cylinder will be as before, except that the radius of the upper surface will
be less by the height of the type, plus the thickness of the type-bed than that of
the cylinder of whose surface the upper surface of the type forms part.
I will now more particularly describe the curved chase. It has two sides
straight in the direction of their length while the ends are curved. The under

page_text: surface of the chase should be a portion of a Cylinder, whose axis is parallel to
the sides of the chase and whose radius equals that formed by the upper surface
of the imposing table Thus its under surface will rest in contact with the
surface of the imposing table just as a flat chase does on the surface of a flat
table The thickness of the chase should be a little less than the height of the
type, but only sufficiently so to prevent the chase from blackening the paper in its
passage through the machine The sides should be some two inches or more broad
for strengths sake The rules are of similar shape to those used in the ordinary
moveable type beds but without their bottom projecting pieces that is to say their
sides are inclined to one another so that the sides facing one another of any two
consecutive rules are approximately parallel The height of the rules is the same
as that of the type At one end the rule has a T shaped prolongation which can be
inserted in the recess in the end of the frame and which is made to slide in a
groove cut for the purpose in the said end This groove should follow the curve of
the chase so that the bottoms of the column rules are always in contact with the
surface of the imposing table The purpose of the prolongation and groove is to
The
keep the rules upright when the chase is empty or in course of being filled.
type may be secured in the chase in any suitable way, Screws pass through the
side of the chase one for causing triangular pieces to slide upon one another and thus
produces pressure against the sides of the chase and also for causing the respective
columns of type to press against the ends of the chase The type having been thus
locked up and its surface planed in the usual way The chase with the type in it is
removed and fastened on the rolling apparatus The surface of the bed of the
rolling apparatus is cylindrical and of the same curvature as the surface of the
imposing table and it is heated The various layers which make up the papier
maché matrix having been put one over the other on the type the matrix is formed
by passing a cylinder over it, and back again thus causing the papier maché to
receive an impression of the type It is convenient to use for beating a brush
whose surface is of the same shape as is the surface of the type If preferred the
matrix may be entirely formed by beating the papier maché with brushes such as
described and without rolling it After the matrix is completed the chase is
unfastened and without being lifted it may be pushed along until it is on the bed
of the drying press The surface of the said press is of course precisely the same
shape as that of the bed of the rolling apparatus By causing the motion of the
rolling cylinder to be otherwise communicated the beds of the rolling apparatus
and the press might be made with no interval between them and form one
continuous bed A follower which is supported by and guided in a frame is now
brought down on the matrix The said follower is heated and its under surface is
cylindrical, its radius being very slightly greater than that of the cylinder formed
by the surface of the type in order to allow for the thickness of the matrix
soon as the matrix becomes dry the follower is raised and the matrix removed from
the surface of the type It may now be placed in a mould of any desired
curvature and stereotype plates of any shape required obtained from it in the
usual way
As
In some cases when for instance a page is of unusual breadth or occupies an
unusually large are of the circumference of the printing cylinder it will be better
to use moveable type beds instead of the curved chase The column rules locking
up devices and other details may all be constructed as in the well known type beds
at present in use but its under surface cannot be so made The said under surface
must be a continuous portion of a cylinder and the thickness of the bed must be as
sinal as conveniently can be The rolling apparatus and the drying press and
other apparatus will be just the same as when curved chases are used except that
the radius of the upper surface of the beds must be less than the radius of the
upper surface of the type by the height of the type plus the thickness of the
moveable type bed
The purpose of the fourth part of the Invention is effected by conducting a web
from the shaft carrying it under a tension roller capable of rectilineal or

page_text: curvilinear motion to and fro at or about right angles to its axis in a guiding slot
in such a manner that variations in the tension of the paper cause movements of
the said tension roller and the latter in turn acts upon the brake This tension
roller is connected with the roll brake in such a way that its movements cause the
brake alternately to act and not to act on the shaft upon which the web is wound
Thus the tension oscillates about some mean point and its amount depends on the
weight of the tension roller and its appendages
It is plain that the above method is applicable whatever be the kind of brake
used the principle of the Invention consisting in the employment of a moving
tension roller whose movements are caused by the paper itself and which have the
effect of putting the brake on and taking it off.
It is also clear that the connection between the brake and the tension roller may
be made in a great variety of ways When it is desired to reduce to a minimum the
fluctuations of the tension the tension roller may be arranged so that its movements
make and break an electric circuit which produce the magnetism of an electro
magnet fixed so that when in action the brake is applied and when not in action
the brake is not applied or the reverse.
When it is required to have the tension very small the tension roller may be
partially counterpoised or the slot in which it oscillates may be inclined to the
vertical so that it will bear a portion of the weight of the tension roller
It may sometimes be advisable to make the tension dependent on the position of
the tension roller a result attainable in various ways For example the horizontal
space between guide roller may be greater than the diameter of the tension roller
The tension will then increase with the rise of the roller if the aforesaid space is
less it would in like case decrease A similar result may be effected by making the
slot curvilinear instead of rectilinear the shape of the curve depending on the
particular object in view
It is evident that what has been said under the first two heads of this Invention
also applies to the case of the webs being cut before they are printed In that case
after cutting the webs now in sheets must be conducted between tapes and the
circumferences of the forme-bearing cylinders must be multiples of the arc occupied
by the forme plus the interval between successive sheets at the time they are
printed on And in speaking of the length of a forme I mean the length of a forme
plus proper margins as any one skilled in the art will at once understand

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
27th June 1883.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex
Gentleman "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH PRINTING MACHINES OR
APPARATUS AND IN THE METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR OBTAINING MATRICES FROM
TYPE
"
a communication to me from Edwyn Anthony of Lincolns Inn Barrister at
Law at present residing in the City of New York United States of America
One part of the said Invention consists in mechanism for printing simultaneously
on both sides of two webs and causing them to issue so that the method of
associating webs together described in the Specification of Letters Patent N° 2879
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty two may be
applied.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings illustrates one arrangement of
mechanism for accomplishing the above purpose; figure 1ª is a modification of the
said arrangement; figure 3 is a bottom view of figure 1; figure 2 shews how the
mechanism of figure 1 may be used when only half the number of formes shewn in
figure are placed on the machine; figure 4 is a plan view of the reversing device
shewn in figure 1; figures 5 and 6 are plan and side views respectively of a similar
device but one which deflects the path of the web without reversing its sides and
figures 7 and 8 shew similar views of another arrangement of mechanism for
reversing a web.
Another part of the invention consists in printing from one set of stereotype
plates continuously on both sides of one or more webs and in such a way as to
produce perfected papers at twice the rate which an ordinary web press does, while
on the same machine papers of various numbers of pages may be printed.
Figure 9 is a side and figure 10 a bottom view of a machine illustrating this
part of the said Invention, when applied to the printing of eight and fewer paged
papers; figure 11 shews a modification of the printing mechanism shewn in
figure 9; figure 12 illustrates an arrangement for sixteen and fewer paged papers;
figures 13 and 14 show the number breadths and positions of the rolls used in
figure 12 according to the number of pages contained in the paper which it is
printing; figure 15 shows in perspective two webs, one on the other after they
have been run together over the roller n³; figure 16 shews in perspective how two
webs, and figure 19 how one web issues from the larger of the two longitudinal
folding devices shewn in figure 9; figure 17 in perspective and figure 18 plan view
show how they issue from the smaller folding device shewn in figure 9, figures 20
and 21 being corresponding figures for one roll; and figures 22 and 23 indicate the
way of arranging the formes on the forme-bearing cylinders
Another part of the Invention consists in a process of taking papier maché
matrices from type arranged so that its surface is cylindrical. Heretofore the
said matrices have been obtained from type fixed in flat chases resting on a plane
so that the surface of the type is a plane. Consequently if it be afterwards
required to place the type on a rotary printing press (i,e on one on which the type
is put on one or more cylinders as in the machine in accordance with the first part
of this invention) it is necessary to take the type out of the said chases and
re-arrange it in movable type-beds.
This operation occupies considerable. time in fact as much as is required to
produce several stereotype plates By this invention the just mentioned delay is
avoided. On the removal of the matrix from the surface of the type it (the type)

page_text: may be placed directly on the printing cylinder so that one machine may be
printing from type before the stereotype plate is cast and when the latter is finished
it can be placed on a second machine Thus by the time one set of plates is ready
two machines would be running, one printing from type and the other from stereo-
type; the former having been started and at work just so long as it takes to
produce a finished stereotype plate from the papier maché matrix. It is thus
possible (where the circulation is large enough to require the simultaneous use of
two or more machines) to go to press considerably later than when the matrices
are obtained from a flat surface The invention is also useful where only one
machine is used, but more than one edition is printed; as the pages in which
alterations are to be made can be stereotyped and the plates put on the machine.
The type will thus be free for the making of alterations while the first edition is
being printed and the next edition can be printed from the type thus altered.
But had the matrices been taken froin a flat surface it would be necessary after
obtaining the matrices to remove the type into type beds before it could be placed
on the printing cylinder. And even when stereotyping is not employed the curved
chase and the improved type bed hereinafter described are more convenient than
the type beds heretofore used on account of their less weight and consequent facility
in handling. Figure 24 is a part cross section and part end in view of the curved
chase hereinafter described; figure 25 is a plan view and figure 26 a longitudinal
section of the same; figure 27 is a cross section of the rolling apparatus shewing
(behind) the pressing apparatus; figure 28 is a longitudinal section of the rolling
and pressing apparatus; figure 29 a perspective view of the curved imposing
table; figure 30 shews the shape of the brush; figure 31 is a section of a portion
of a printing cylinder with a curved chase on it, and figure 32 shews a section of
a portion of a printing cylinder with the curved movable type-bed thereon
hereinafter described.
Another part of the Invention refers to the tension of the roll of paper. In web
printing machines of the kind described under the first and second parts of the
invention; in machines used for damping the rolls of paper before printing; and
in machines connected with the manufacture of paper, a web of paper wound
round a shaft is unrolled by the motion of the machine which continuously pulls
the free end of the roll and thus gradually unwinds it. The tension on the paper
as it passes from the roll depends on the amount of resistance to motion offered
by the roll. This quantity is usually regulated by a brake at one or both ends of
the said shaft and it varies a great deal from many causes For instance the
resistance increases as the diameter of the roll decreases; it changes with any
change in the velocity of the machine, and it likewise depends on the condition of
the brake, which is of necessity not uniform from day to day. This part of the
Invention consists in making the tension of the roll automatic that is to say in
causing it to fluctuate within narrow limits about any required mean amount, and
to be practically independent of the size of the roll, of the velocity of the machine,
and of the variations in brake power.
Figure 33 shews the roll and automatic brake figure 34 a modification of the
same figures 35 and 37 different forms of slot and figure 36 a somewhat different
arrangement of the oscillating roller.
I will now proceed to describe in order the above enumerated divisions of the
Invention.
+
According to the first part of the said Invention D² C² (figures 1 1ª and 2) are
the forme-bearing cylinders their axes being parallel to one another. Round each
are placed an appropriate number of impression cylinders. When the formes (the
maximum number being on the machine) occupy the whole circumference of the
cylinder, then two impression cylinders will be required in connection with each
forme-bearing cylinder (as in figure 1º); when only half the circumference is so
occupied then four impression cylinders will be needed (as in figure 1) when only
a third six impression cylinders, and so on, and corresponding numbers of carrier
cylinders must be used to conduct the webs from one impression cylinder to the

page_text: next. Thus when the impression cylinders are four in number for each forme
bearing cylinder there must be two carrier cylinders for each when six four and
so on.
Figure 1 illustrates the case of the maximum number of formes occupying one
half the circumference of the cylinder There are four impression cylinders
L2 K2 M2 N2 in connection with D2 and four E F G H2 in connection with C²;
two carrier cylinders T* V2 in connection with the four first named impression
cylinders; and two R2 S2 in connection with the four last named P², Q' are
cutting cylinders and they may be placed in any convenient position. Details of
inking cutting & & are not given because this invention does not relate thereto
and those operations may be effected in any usual and suitable way. Whatever
portion of the circumference is occupied by the formes the course of the webs may
be described as follows: The web B³ is suitably conducted and completely printed
on one side by the forme-bearing cylinder D2; it is then led to and is completely
printed on the other side by the forme-bearing cylinder C Next it passes through
a deflecting apparatus such as figure 4 figure 7 or figure 5 (according to the object
in view as hereinafter explained) and finally goes to the cutting cylinders The
web A² is first completely printed by the cylinder C² and then passes to be printed
on the other side by the cylinder D³ the web being able to cross the path of the
web B through the open space caused by the deflecting device-Referring now
more particularly to figure 1 the web B' passes between D2 and L* round T2 and
thence between D' and K2 thus getting printed on one side It next passes
between H and C2 round S2 and thence between C and G2 thus receiving an
impression on its other side.
After which it passes through the reverser (figure 4
being a plan view thereof) and goes on to the cutting cylinders P² Q2 The
web A² passes between C and F2; round R'; and thence between C2 and E' now
printed on one side it is led round suitably placed rollers X2 Y2 Z2 and passes
between the space g², P, d² (see figure 4) to the cylinder M2; thence round 'V' to
between D and N, thence it issues completely printed on both sides and goes to
the cutting cylinders P² Q' The webs are now both printed on and issuing so as
to satisfy the conditions necessary for associating any number of webs with them
in the manner explained in the Specification of the aforesaid Patent N° 2879 in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty two, when it is
desired to print only papers the number of whose pages are even multiples of two.
The added rolls must be printed on and issue as therein explained and they can
pass to the cutting cylinders P² Q2 through the same open space g³, 12, d² which the
web A does.
When it is required to be also able to print papers the number of whose pages
are odd multiples of two then the mechanism shewn in figures 5 and 6 must be
substituted in figure 1 in place of the reverser therein shewn.
The course of the web A' will be as before and also that of the web B³ except
that it will pass through figure 5 instead of through figure 4, and will therefore
have its pages the reverse way up to what they were in the previous case. The
two webs will thus in this case be printed on and issue in the manuer described in
the aforesaid Specification of the Patent N° 2897 in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty two and the association of other webs with
them may be effected as therein explained.
In the plan view figure 3 the cylinders are shewn of different lengths for the
sake of clearness.
Figure 2 illustrates the machine shewn in figure 1 as used to print a smaller
number of pages.
On the cylinders C and D only half the previous number of
formes are placed so that they occupy but one-fourth of the circumference. The
roll A2 is not used. The roll B follows the same path which it does in figure 1
until it has passed between C2 and G2. Thereupon instead of being led to the
deflecting mechanism, it passes round the roller W thence between C² and F' and
afterwards follows to the cutting cylinders the same path which the web A³ does
in figure 1. It is clear that the web will issue from the cylinder N³ completely

page_text: printed on both sides. The cylinder W* is not shewn in figure 1 because unless it
be required to use the machine in the way shown by figure 2 such a cylinder is
unnecessary.
As before remarked the invention is applicable whatever multiple the whole
circumference of the cylinders D' or C may be of the arc occupied. by the formes
and obviously each cylinder need not be the same multiple thereof.
Thus the formes might go all round D and one third round C or vice versa
etcetera. It is unnecessary to illustrate various cases by diagrams as these consider-
ations do not affect the principle of the invention. I give however one figure
(figure 1) to illustrate the case of the formes occupying the whole surface of both
cylinders This figure also illustrates the use of the device (figure 5) which deflects
without reversing the web. The way of printing from half the number of pages
will be similar to that in figure. 2. That is to say the formes will occupy one half
the circumference of D° and C and the web A2 is not used. The web B° follows.
the same path that it does in figure 1ª until after it has passed between C' and G³.
From there it must be taken by suitably placed rollers so as to pass between C
and E' And afterwards it follows the same course which the web A' does in
figure 1 Thus it will issue at №2 completely printed on both sides.
I will now more particularly describe the deflecting mechanism.
a³ ³ ³ and f. e². d (figure 4) are triangular shaped frames made of any suitable
inaterial. They are equal in all respects. The angles at k² and e² are right angles
and those at c' and fare equal to any convenient angle less than forty five degrees.
Taking, for example, each of the angles at c² and f to be one of thirty degrees,
then, first the planes of the triangles must be inclined to one another at an angle of
One hundred and hine degrees and twenty eight minutes approximately; secondly,
the edges a kande d³ must be placed so as to be parallel to one another with any
convenient distance between them and so that the plane drawn through k³ c³
perpendicular to the plane of the web before it enters the apparatus may pass
through the point d²; thirdly, the rollers and g³ must be fixed so that 2 touches
the edge d f produced of the triangle f. e². 2 and g² the edge a³ c² produced of
the triangle a k². c² The axis of 9' must be inclined at an angle of fifty four
degrees und forty-four minutes approximately to k² ² at an angle of sixty degrees
to a. c and the axis of must be parallel to that of g².
.
The rollers and g² should be placed at a sufficient distance apart to admit of
other webs, passing freely through one or other of the open spaces a³, g³ 1ª
and d. 1. g The edges a². c2 and ƒ d. should be somewhat rounded so as not to
have a tendency to tear the web while passing over them. The web should be
passed over the triangle a. k. c2 so that its central line pass over the middle
point p. of the side a² c³ The course of the web in its passage through the
apparatus is easily traced. It passes over the edge d². f then round 12 from there
round g² and finally over the edge a c issuing with its edges lying in the same
pair of parallel planes that they did before the web entered the apparatus but
reversed so that the upper surface of the web before entering the apparatus
becomes the under surface on leaving the apparatus.
The mechanism (Figures 5 and 6) consists of the same parts as does Figure 4 but
they are differently arranged. Here the planes of the triangles a' p¹ k¹, d¹ e¹ƒ' are
parallel to one another as are also their edges a' p' d¹ƒ'.
The axes of the rollers g' v' are parallel to one another and are inclined to the
edges a¹ p¹ d' f¹ at an angle equal to the complement of the angle p² or f¹. The
roller g¹ touches the edge al p¹ produced and the roller the edge d¹ fi produced
and the plane through k¹ p¹ perpendicular to the plane of the triangle a¹ p¹ k¹ must
pass through the point d'. The central line of the web must pass over the middle
point of the edge d'f' The distance between the planes of the triangles depends
upon the breadth of the widest web that it is desired to pass through the apparatus.
The course of the web in its passage through the apparatus may be easily traced.
It will be observed that the web is deflected from its path and brought back
again without the reversal of its sides the deflection providing the open spaces

page_text: a¹ p¹ v¹ à¹ ƒ³ g¹ through either of which other webs may be passed. Figure 7 is a plan
view and Figure 8 à side view of an apparatus which like Figure 4 reverses the sides
of the web, but the planes of the web on entering and leaving the apparatus are
parallel to one another as in Figure 5 instead of being inclined to one another.
This arrangement often makes it more convenient than the mechanism of Figure 4.
The triangles all p" k" d¹ el f11 (Figures 7 and 8) are equal in all respects.
The angles at k and ell are right angles and the angles at p" and f" any equal
angles less than forty five degrees. Thirty degrees is about the most convenient
size for these last mentioned angles. The Triangles are placed with their planes
parallel and so that the plane through "p" perpendicular to the planes of the
triangles passes through fell. The distance between the planes of the triangles
depends on the breadth of the widest web which it is intended to pass through the
apparatus. The roller g" must touch the edge all p" produced of the triangle all
pand also the edge df" produced of the triangle d"e" f". Its axis must
be inclined to the edge all p" and also to the edge d" f" at an angle equal to the
complement of the angle p" or ". An inspection of Figures 7 and 8 plainly
shows the course of the web in its passage through the apparatus.
Referring now to the second part of the Invention (which relates to Machines
for printing from stereotype only while that just described is applicable to those
which print from type or stereotype) the formes are arranged (whatever paged
paper a machine is required to print) on each cylinder all in one line as shown in
Figures 22 and 23 instead of putting as heretofore half the number of formes in
one line and the other half in another line behind it. Thus for the same number
of pages the Cylinder must be twice the usual length while with the same diameter
of cylinder the part of the circumference occupied by the formes will be only half
the fraction of the whole circumference which it usually is. In brief and general
terms the method of constructing machines in accordance with this part of the
Invention may be described as follows:-
The maximum number of pages to be printed being settled the axes of the
forme-bearing cylinders are taken as along as is convenient in practice. If the
length be enough to arrange half of the formes in one line on one such cylinder
(the direction of the columus being in the direction of motion of the cylinder) and
the other half on another such cylinder, only two such forme-bearing cylinders and
one roll of paper are required But if all the form-s cannot be thus placed on two
cylinders four such cylinders are used and two rolls of paper and if these last be
not enough yet two more cylinders and another roll; and so on until there are
enough cylinders to receive all the formes. The circumference of each cylinder is
made two or three or four or other number of times the length of one forme, twice
the said length being in general the most convenient size to adopt. Each roll is
printed in precisely the same way, that is to say each pair of forme-bearing
cylinders completely prints on both sides of one web of paper The webs (whatever
their number) are brought together over a single roller after they have been printed
on both sides, and their after treatment is absolutely independent of the number
and relative breadths of the webs; depending solely on the number of pages
abreast which at its fullest capacity the machine will print. Moreover whatever
be the number of pages abreast, the result attained by the after treatment is the
same, and the means of attaining it are in all cases very similar By folding
the webs (by any suitable mechanism) along one or more longitudinal lines (the
webs at pleasure being either cut or not cut along the said lines) they are
brought into the form of a web on which a four page paper is printed with all
the pages the same way up, and the columns lying in the direction of motion of
the web That is to say several of such webs will be running one on the other,
together with (when the number of different pages is an odd multiple of two) a
one-page broad web. And if the webs have been severed along the aforesaid
longitudinal lines of fold, all these webs will be distinct webs; but if they have
not, the number of distinct webs will obviously be the same as the number of rolls
used. The after processes of transverse cutting, further folding (when desired) and

page_text: delivery may be done in any suitable way; the problem being in all cases the
same, namely to construct mechanism for folding and manipulating a four page-
paper. Several webs running on one another in the manner.herein described may
clearly be transversely severed and folded just as if they were a single web, and
any paper of fewer pages than the maximum number which the machine can print,
can be printed by suitably choosing the number and the breadths of the rolls used;
no alteration or adjustment of the folding or other mechanism being needed.
I will now give a more detailed description of this part of the Invention when
applied, firstly, to the printing of eight or fewer pages and secondly-to the
printing of sixteen or fewer pages, the largest number of pages that can be placed
abreast on the machine being in each case supposed to be four.
In Figure 9 (which illustrates the case of an eight page paper) there are four
pages abreast, the formes only occupy half the circumference of the cylinders C³ D³;
and two impression cylinders are required in connection with each of them.
Had the formes been arranged in the usual way only two pages would have been
abreast, the whole surface of C³ D³ would have been covered with formes, and only
one impression cylinder would have been needed for each forme-bearing cylinder.
For eight paged papers there are usually arranged four formes in a line, as in
Figure 22, and this number in the case of papers whose pages are about the average
width necessitates the axes of the printing cylinders of the roll, of the inking
rollers, and other parts, being as long as is convenient in practice. When however
the pages are of less breadth (as is usually the case with books) five, six, or a
greater number of formes may be placed abreast, as hereinafter discussed.
As before remarked when the maximum number of pages which can be placed
abreast is not sufficient to print the required number of pages two additional
forme-bearing cylinders and another roll are used and the two webs are run
together after they have been printed on both sides. See for example Figure 12.
Similarly any number of additional rolls may be used and all run together over a
roller such as n³ after they have been printed on both sides.
Recurring to Figures 9 and 10, A³ is the roll of paper, C³ D³ the forme-bearing
cylinders, the circumferences of the said cylinders being twice the length of a
forme; L K³ are impression cylinders in connection with C, and M³ N³ similar
cylinders in connection with D³;—U³ T³ are carrier cylinders which conduct the
web from K³ to L³ and M³ to N³ respectively.
The length of the pages of a newspaper are usually such as to make the diameters
of C and D³ (Figure 9) convenient in practice. But when this is not the case the
circumference of C3 and of D³ must be taken three or four or more times the length
of a forme; additional impression and carrier cylinders being correspondingly
added. Figure 11 illustrates the case when the circumferences of C³ and D³ are
three times the length of a forme the added carrier and impression cylinders
being unlettered.
Referring to Figures 9 and 10 it is clear that the web will pass on to the
roller n completely printed on both sides its distances of travel from K³ to L³ from
M³ to N and from the point of contact of C³ and L³ to the point of contact of D³
and M³, being of course properly adjusted. The first half of Figure 13 shews the
breadth and position of the web and the way the pages must be imprinted thereon
for papers from two to eight pages inclusive."
Thus for a six page paper, pages 5, 2, 3 should be put on Cylinder C³, and
pages 6, 1, 4 on Cylinder D³.
From the roller n³ the web must be conducted to a mechanism which will fold it
longitudinally along the line X³ Y³ (Figure 13). Any suitable mechanism may be
used for this purpose. For example that described in the Specification of Letters
Patent No 2764 in the year of Our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty
two or in the Specification of Letters Patent N° 3319 in the year of Our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy or in the Specification of Letters Patent
N° 2879 in the year of Our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
The last mentioned apparatus is that shown in Figures 9 and 10. The web passes

page_text: from the roller n³ over the triangular piece t³ thence round the fixed segmented
cylinder & and from there passes between the two rollers ³ ³ It will now be
tr.velling as shown in perspective by Figure 19.
Its further course will depend on the mode of delivery adopted If no additional
folding is required it may be taken directly to cutting cylinders and delivered in
any suitable way. But if it be desired that it be further folded then from the
rollers it may be conducted to the triangular piece t. thence round the fixed
segmented cylinder & aud from there between the rollers g. From between the
last mentioned rollers it will issue as shewn by Figures 20 and 21 and it must be
conducted to any suitable cutting cylinders to be severed transversely into lengths
equal to the length of a page plus suitable margins, (see dotted lines figure 21) i.e.
into lengths equal to half the circumference of C³ or D³ Whence it passes to the
delivery mechanism or to receive further folds as may be desired.
Considering now the case of a machine which is to print any paper from two to
sixteen pages inclusive, the roll A (Figure 12) is printed on by precisely similar
mechanism to that shewn in Figures 9 and 10-The roll B³ is printed by similar
mechanism, G³ H³, being the forme-bearing cylinder; P³ Q³ R³ S³, the impression
cylinders; and W V3, the carrier cylinders. The dotted circle is for the purpose
of calling attention to the fact that P³ and L³ rotate in the same direction and
that a convenient way of connecting the two printing mechanisms is by a toothed
wheel in gear with toothed wheels on the axes of P³ and L³ respectively. The
two webs after passing over the roller n³ must be conducted through longitudinal
folding apparatus in precisely the same way as is the one web in Figures 9 and 10.
Figure 13 shews the number breadth and position of the webs corresponding to
the different paged papers that the machine will print. Taking the case of 16
pages we see (Figure 13) two full breadth rolls must be used the pages being
imposed on the forme-bearing cylinders so that they may be printed on in the
order therein shewn. The webs will pass over the roller n³. one on the other as
shewn in perspective by figure 15. After passing through the first longitudinal
folding apparatus they will be, as shewn in perspective by figure 16. In this
state they may be conducted to cutting cylinders for the purpose of being
transversely severed, and the pages may be delivered with or without further folds.
Or they may be conducted to a second suitable folding device, such for example as
that in figures 9 and 10 from which they will issue as shewn in perspective by
figure 17. From which they will pass to cutting cylinders to be severed
transversely along the dotted lines (figure 18) and thence pass to suitable delivery
or further folding mechanism as may be desired.
It will be observed that alternative ways are provided for printing a fewer
number of pages than the maximum number the machine will print. For example, a
six page paper may be printed by the use of one three-quarter breadth roll (i,e, three
quarters of the breadth of the widest roll the machine will print) as indicated in
figure 13 or by the use of one half breadth and of one quarter breadth roll, as
indicated in Figure 14; a ten page paper as shewn in figure 13, or by the use of
one three-quarter breadth and one half breadth roll; a twelve page by the use of
two three-quarter breadth rolls; and so on. Moreover in printing a number of
pages not exceeding half the maximum number the productive capacity can often
be doubled by duplicating the stereotype plates. Additional folding mechanism
will however be needed-For example, a four or eight page paper may be printed
from a single set of plates as shewn in figure 13 or by the use of two sets as in
figure 14. In this last case, as just remarked, the course of the roll or rolls after
passing over the roller n³. will be different from what it was before. The web or
the two webs together (as the case may be) must be longitudinally cut along the
line X³. Ys. One strip must then as before, pass through the two longitudinal
folding apparatus (or their equivalents) shown in figures 9 and 10. But the other
strip must pass to other folding and delivery mechanism provided for the purpose.
This mechanism may be precisely like that through which the other strip passes
after issuing from the first longitudinal folding device.

page_text: It is obvious that in all cases the web or webs may be longitudinally cut along
the line X. Y³. either before or during their passage through the longitudinally
folding apparatus. And when the said longitudinal cutting is done before such
passage, then in place of a longitudinal folding device, any suitable mechanism
may be substituted which will bring the two strips together. Such mechanism
is well known and as no claim to them is herein made it is unnecessary to describe
or illustrate them. The after folding and delivery, the number and breadths of
the rolls, will all be the same as before, but the order of the pages on the web
will depend, on which sides of the strips are brought in contact. If they are the
same as when longitudinal folding devices are used, then the order will be
unchanged; but if the underside of one strip be brought into contact with the upper
side of the other strip (an impossibility without longitudinal cutting) then the order
is changed. For example, in a sixteen page paper the order of the pages on web A³.
will be 16. 1. 12, 5; and on web B³. 14, 3, 10, 7 instead of as in figure 13.
When
the web or webs (as the case may be) have not been cut longitudinally and they
are travelling as indicated by figures 19 or 16, then, if desired, a thin strip may
be longitudinally cut from the side on which are the letters X³. Y.-The result of
this operation is that practically the web or webs become in the same state as if
they had been severed along X³. Y³. before they had entered the longitudinal
folding device.
When a larger number of formes than four can be placed abreast the printing
mechanism is the same as before (the axes of the impression cylinders and other
parts being of course of proportionate length). In fact figure 9, (up to the
roller n³) figure 11 and figure 12 remain the same, however many pages are
abreast. But the treatment of the webs after passing over the roller n³. though
similar, will not be identical with what it is when four pages are abreast. It will
differ for different number of pages abreast, and any particular case may be treated
in more ways than one, though all substantially the same; and leading to the same
result, that is, as before remarked, there are obtained ultimately two-page-abreast
webs, running on one another, with or without one-page-abreast webs, running
with them. For example, suppose six pages abreast to be the limit, here papers
can be printed, of, from two to twelve pages inclusive, by the use of one roll only-
If a larger number be required, more than one roll must be used, and the webs
will as before pass together over the roller n³.-The after treatment in this as in all
other cases is precisely the same, whether the webs be one or many, since the
several webs are together, and they virtually become one web for folding cutting
and delivery purposes. Taking the case of a twelve page paper there is required
only one roll and the formes may be imposed so that the pages are printed on
the web in the order shewn in Figure 23. We may now by any suitable longi-
tudinal folding device fold d³. e³. under c³, d³, and a³, b³, over c³, d³,-The web then
becomes similar to figures 16 and 19 and may now be treated as hereinbefore
described, but by differently arranging the order of the pages we might have
begun by folding a³. gs. (figure 23) under f³. h³. and afterwards folding f³. d. over
3. 13. (or etcetera)-and again the webs become similar to figures 16 or 19. By the
use of two webs, twelve and less paged papers may be printed by printing
mechanism capable of taking only three pages abreast;-and eight and less paged
papers by mechanism capable of taking only two pages abreast. In this last case
only one longitudinal folding mechanism will be required. It should be noticed
that the axes of the forme-bearing cylinders need not be parallel to one another if
suitable mechanism be provided to conduct the webs from one cylinder to the
other and also if required to cause all the webs to pass over the roller n³. with
their edges lying in the same pair of parallel planes.
Considering now the third part of the Invention Figure 29 is the imposing table
with a curved chase on it filled with type. The said table should be securely
fastened on any strong suitable frame and so that the height of the surface of the
table may be convenient for the purpose of lifting the type in and out of the
chases. The table itself should be of iron and the form of its upper surface should

page_text: be accurately that of a portion of a cylinder of the same curvature as the printing
cylinder. The curvature of this last cylinder will of course depend upon the
amount of curvature which it is desired the surface of the type should have.
This being fixed, the diameter of the printing cylinder (and of the upper surface of
the imposing table) will be less than the diameter of the cylinder of which the
upper surface of the type forms part by twice the height of the type.
When in lieu of the chases the hereinafter described movable type beds are
employed, the imposing table is not required and the diameter of the printing
cylinder will be less than it was in the previous case by twice the thickness of the
lower parts of the said moveable type-beds. The Invention is applicable whatever
kind of rotary printing press be used and no alteration therein is required except
in the printing cylinder or cylinders as the case may be. The movable type-beds
of the usual construction form a portion of the printing cylinder and receive the
pressure which the type undergoes in the act of printing. In the present case, the
irremovable parts of the cylinder must be able to resist this pressure; and therefore
the surface of the said printing cylinder, or rather of that portion of it on which
the chases or the hereinafter described movable type-beds rest, should be con-
tinuous, that is to say, it should be a smooth cylindrical surface similar to that of
a cylinder intended to receive Stereotype plates, and of course it must be accurately
made, inasmuch as, when the curved chases are used, it forms the bed on which
the type rests similarly to the case of flat surface printing. For example figure 31
shews a portion of a printing cylinder with a curved chase fastened thereon.
Considerations outside this Invention determine both the curvature of the surface
m, n, of the type; the fraction the arc, m, n, is of the whole circumference; and
the number of printing Cylinders used. All that need be considered is that r,
(figure 31.) must be a continuous plate of metal of sufficient thickness, and that its
upper surface must be accurately that of a cylinder whose axis is g and radius
less by the height of the type than that of which the upper surface m n of the
type forms part
When instead of the chases the curved movable type beds are used, then
(figure 32) the printing Cylinder will be as before except that the radius of the
upper surface of r will be less by the height of the type plus the thickness h of
the type bed than that of the cylinder of whose surface the upper surface m n of
the type forms part.
I will now more particularly describe the curved chase C which is shewn
separately in figures 24. 25 and 26; c³ ³ ³ form its four sides; c¹ and c³ are
straight in the direction of their length, while c² and c are curved-The under
surface of the chase should be a portion of a cylinder whose axis is parallel to c¹
or c³ and whose radius equals that formed by the upper surface of the imposing
table (figure 29) Thus its under surface will rest in contact with the surface of
the imposing table just as a flat chase does on the surface of a flat table-The
thickness of the chase should be a little less than the height of the type but only
sufficiently so to prevent the chase from blackening the paper in its passage
through the machine-The sides c¹ c³ should be about two inches or more broad
for strengths sake--The breadth of c 3 and c will be limited by considerations of
margin (if a chase is to be placed on the machine to the right of c³ and one
above c') as any one skilled in the art will readily understand without further
explanation-The rules q are of similar shape to those used in the ordinary
movable type beds but they lack their bottom projecting pieces That is to say
their sides (figure 24) are inclined to one another so that the sides facing one
another of any two consecutive rules are approximately parallel-The height of the
rules is the same as that of the type t-At one end the rule has a T shaped pro-
longation q (figures 25 and 26) which can be inserted in the recess o (figure 25)
and which is made to slide in the groove f cut for the purpose out of the side c³ of
the chase This groove should follow the curve of the chase so that the bottoms
of the column rules are always in contact with the surface of the imposing table
(and of course of the printing cylinder when on the machine) The purpose of

page_text: 88 are
over the
the prolongation and groove is to keep the rules upright when the chase is empty
or in course of being filled-The other ends of the column rules may run into the
head rule as shewn in figure 26 but when the pages are large it is better to
continue the rules so that they may run into the end c of the chase-This may be
done in a variety of ways-For example as in Figure 26 the head lines may be
stereotyped or be composed of type less than the usual height so that the chase
may continue under the said head lines as at co-The prolongations such as ' of
the column rules run under the said part of the chase and thus render it
impossible for the column rules to rise upwards when the chase is on the machine.
The type t may be secured in the chase in any suitable way-The means used in
an ordinary movable type bed for instance as shown may be adopted.
screws which pass through the side c² of the chase-The turning of the screw 8¹
causes the triangular pieces ww to slide upon one another and thus produces
pressure against the sides c¹ c³ of the chase while the turning of the screws 8 8 etc
causes the respective columns of type to press against the sides c² c¹ of the chase-
The type having been thus locked up and its surface planed in the usual way the
chase with the type in it is removed and fastened on the rolling apparatus
(figures 27 and 28) The surface of the bed A of the rolling apparatus is cylin-
drical and of the same curvature as the surface of the imposing table and
it is heated by steam or in any other suitable way-The various layers
which make up the papier maché matrix having been put one
other on the type similarly to what is done when the surface is flat the matrix
is formed by passing the cylinder B over it and back again thus causing the
papier maché D to receive an impression of the type-The motion of B may be
produced in any suitable way-For example the to and fro motion of the axis may
be effected by the arms - receiving its motion from a crank and 7 oscillating
round the axis e-The rotation of the cylinder B round its own axis may be caused
by a cog wheel b and curved rack b' the pressure it exerts on the matric being
regulated by the adjusting device k-After the matrix has been thus formed it
may be beaten in any places that may require it just as is done in the usual flat
process It is however convenient to use for this purpose a brush having a surface
of the same shape as the surface of the type; like the brush i (figure 30) If
preferred the matrix may be entirely formed by beating the papier maché with
brushes such as described and without rolling it-After the matrix is completed
the chase C is unfastened from the surface of A and without being lifted it may be
pushed along until it is on the bed A¹ of the drying press-The surface of A' is of
course of precisely the same shape as that of A and would form one continuous
surface except for the small interval necessary for the passage between them of
one of the arms By causing the motion of the cylinder B to be otherwise
communicated A and A¹ might be made with no interval between them and form
one continuous bed The follower E which is supported by and guided in the
frame P is now brought down on the matrix by turning the wheel p-The said
follower E is heated by steam or by other suitable means, and its under surface is
cylindrical, its radius being very slightly greater than that of the cylinder formed
by the surface m n of the type, in order to allow for the thickness of the matrix.
As soon as the matrix becomes dry, the follower E is raised, and the matrix
removed from the surface of the type-It may now be placed (just as when taken
from a flat surface) in a mould of any desired curvature and stereotype plates of
any shape required obtained from it in the usual way-Indeed a matrix obtained
from a cylindrical surface in the manner herein before explained is for all
practical purposes the same as one obtained from a flat surface-On account of the
greater expansibility of type metal than that of iron or steel under the action of
heat, it will be well not to lock up the type too tightly, but to further tighten it
up after the matrix is taken and before beginning to print.
In some cases when for instance a page is of unusual breadth or occupies an
unusually large arc of the circumference of the printing cylinder it will be better
to use movable type beds shewn in figure 32 instead of the curved chase-The

page_text: column rules locking up devices and other details may all be constructed as in the
well known type beds at present in use but its under surface cannot be so made.
The said under surface m² n¹ figure 32 must be a continuous portion of a cylinder
and the thickness of the bed h must be as small as conveniently can be-Nor need
this thickness be great; because the pressure caused by printing will be transmitted
to the surface of the hereinbefore described printing cylinder which surface may
be made as strong as desired since the thickness of 7 may be taken at pleasure-
The disadvantage of this movable type bed as compared with the curved chase is
that it is heavier and the matrix takes longer to dry-The rolling apparatus and
the drying press and other apparatus will be just the same as when curved chases
are used except that the radius of the upper surface of A and of A¹ must be less
than the radius of the upper surface of the type by the height of the type plus the
thickness of h (figure 32).
In the drawings I have shewn A A' and E hollow and heated by steam pipes
but since I do not claim any particular mode of heating and the way indicated is
well known in the ordinary flat process it is unnecessary to more particularly
describe them-A similar remark applies to many other details.
The purpose of the fourth part of the Invention is effected by conducting a web
from the shaft carrying it, under a tension roller capable of rectilineal or curvilinear
motion to and fro at or about right angles to its axis, in a guiding slot in such a
manner that variations in the tension of the paper cause movements of the said tension
roller, and the latter in turn acts upon the brake-This tension roller is connected
with the roll brake in such a way, that its movements cause the brake alternately
to act, and not to act, on the shaft upon which the web is wound-Thus the tension
oscillates about some mean point, and its amount depends on the weight of the
tension roller and its appendages.
In figure 33 I have illustrated a side elevation of a machine embodying this
part of the Invention in one of its forms, figure 34 being a similar view illustrating
a modified arrangement of some of the parts. These figures represent but one side
of a machine but it will be readily understood that the opposite side frame may be
a duplicate of that shewn.
£
2 is a tension roller which may freely move up and down in guide slot 3
provided in the side frames A, of the machine. This roller is constructed so that
it may be weighted at each end according to the amount of tension desired, On
opposite sides of this guide slot, guide rollers 6 and 7 are journalled. The shaft of
the paper roll 5 is provided with a pulley 12, over which a friction strap 13 is led,
said strap being fast at one end to a bracket 14 and at the other end to a brake
lever 4, that is fulcrumed at one end on said bracket, and connected at the other
end to the projecting journal box of the tension roller 2, by means of a cord or chain
16 This lever 4 is provided with an adjusted weight of any common form as the
sliding weight 15.
With this arrangement of devices it is apparent that as the tension roller 2 rises,
the brake lever 4 will be raised, while the downward movement of said roller will
lower the brake arm.
In the modified arrangement shewn in figure 34, the brake lever is so connected
to the tension roller 2 by means of the cord chain or strap 16 that the upward
movement of said roller which takes off the brake is aided by a spring 19 attached
to the end of the lever 4 and to a bracket on the side frame.
It being understood that the adjuncts of the tension roller 2 should be applied
either to both ends, or to the middle part of said roller, in order to secure
uniformity of movement throughout the roller, the operation of the machine will
now be described,
The paper passes from the roll 5 over the guide roller 6, thence under the tension
roller 2, then over the guide roller 7, and from there through the rest of the
machine which is not shewn because its particular form and the operation it
performs on the paper do not affect this part of the Invention. The brake is
arranged so that when in action, the force requisite to make the roll 5 rotate, is

page_text: greater than that which acting at 10, would cause the roller 2 to rise in the guide
slot 3. The machine on starting gives the paper a pull and consequently the tension
roller 2 rises, which motion takes off the brake. The resistance to rotation of the
roll 5 thus becomes less than that offered by the weight of the tension roller 2,
hence the roll 5 begins to turn and the tension roller 2 immediately falls; there-
upon the brake is reapplied and the tension roller 2 again rises. This continues so
long as the machine is in motion with the result that the tension of the paper
alternately somewhat exceeds, and falls short of, half the weight of the tension
roller 2 and its adjuncts.
It is plain that the above method is applicable, whatever be the kind of brake
used, the principle of the Invention consisting in the employment of a moving
tension roller whose movements are caused by the paper itself, and which have the
effect of putting the brake on and taking it off.
It is also clear that the connection between the brake and the tension roller 2
may be made in a variety of ways. For example, this connection may be a cord or
strap; and the relative position of the tension roller 2 and of the roll of paper 5
may be any whatever. When it is desired to reduce to a minimum the fluctuations
of the tension the tension roller 2 may be arranged so that its movements make
and break an electric circuit, which produce the magnetism of an electro-magnet,
arranged so, that when in action, the brake is applied, and when not in action, the
brake is not applied, or the reverse.
When it is required to have the tension very small the tension roller may be
partially counterpoised or the slot 3 in which it oscillates may be inclined to the
vertical, as in figure 35, so that it will bear a portion of the weight of the tension
roller 2.
In figures 33 and 34, the guide rollers 6 and 7 are horizontal, and equal in
diameter; obviously they need not fulfil either condition,
In figures 33 and 34, the horizontal space between the guide rollers 6 and 7,
equals the diameter of the tension roller 2. The web therefore in entering upon
and leaving the tension roller 2 is parallel to itself and the tension (except as
regards the brake) is independent of the position of the roller 2 in the guide slot 3.
It may sometimes be advisable to make the tension dependent on the position of
the tension roller 2, a result attainable in various ways. For example, the hori-
zontal space between guide rollers 6 and 7 may be greater than the diameter of
the tension roller 2 as in figure 36. The tension will then increase with the rise
of the roller 2; if the aforesaid space is less, it would in like case decrease.
similar result may be effected by making the slot curvilinear instead of rectilineal,
the shape of the curve depending on the particular object in view. Thus in
figure 37, the tension would begin very small, gradually increase for a certain time
and then remain constant. Or again the end may be reached by causing the
tension roller 2, (the Slot remaining rectilineal,) to press as it rises against a spring
which offers a constantly increasing resistance to its motion.
A
It is evident that what has been said under the first two heads of the Invention
also applies to the case of the webs being cut before they are printed. In that
case after cutting, the webs, now in sheets, must be conducted between tapes and
the circumferences of the forme-bearing cylinders must be multiples of the arc
occupied by the formes, plus the interval between successive Sheets at the time they
are printed on:-And in speaking of the length of a forme I mean the length
of a forme, plus proper margins, as anyone skilled in the art will at once
understand.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein before in part
recited Letters Patent is:-
First. The combination of two forme-bearing cylinders (whose axes are parallel
to one another) with mechanism for deflecting (after it has been printed on both

page_text: sides) the path of one of the webs whereby two webs are simultaneously printed
on both sides and are caused to issue as hereinbefore set forth, all substantially as
described.
Second. The combination of two triangular plates, fixed parallel to one another,
with a roller whose axis is inclined at an angle to the planes of the triangular
plates whereby the sides of a travelling web or of Sheets in tapes are reversed all
substantially as described.
Third. In a web printing press the combination of a plurality of forme-bearing
cylinders (all the formes on each of them being placed abreast in a line parallel to
the axis thereof and the columns lying in the direction of its rotation) with
impression and carrier cylinders all substantially as described.
Fourth. In a web printing press the combination of a plurality of forme-bearing
cylinders and impression and carrier cylinders (such as are claimed in claim 3,) with
mechanism for bringing together different portions of a travelling web without
stopping the motion thereof, all substantially as described.
Fifth. In a web printing press, the combination of a plurality of forme-bearing
cylinders and impression and carrier cylinders (such as are claimed in claim 3)
with mechanism for bringing together different portions of a travelling web and
mechanism for afterwards longitudinally folding the said web without stopping the
motion thereof all substantially as described.
Sixth, An improvement in the art of printing-on cylindrical surfaces consisting
in first making up the type-form on a chase or form curved to fit the cylinder of
the printing press and adapted to the rapid drying of the matrix in making from
said curved form a matrix and drying it in contact with the form in casting a
Stereotype plate from said matrix and finally in using both the type form and the
Stereotype in printing substantially as described.
Seventh. A chase, curved cylindrically and adapted to receive type of the usual
shape, column rules with inclined sides being fastened thereto, so that the sides,
facing one another of any two consecutive rules are parallel and the rules lie parallel
to the axis of the type cylinder when the chase is placed thereon, all substantially
as described.
Eighth. The combination with a shaft carrying a roll of paper and brake acting
thereon, of a tension roller connected to the brake lever and freely movable in a
guiding slot, whereby variations in the tension of the paper cause movements of
the tension roller and the latter in turn acts upon the brake, substantially as
described.
In witness whereof I the said John Henry Johnson have to this my Specifi-
cation set my hand and Seal this Second day of May One thousand eight hundred
and eighty three.
J. HENRY JOHNSON (L.S.)