VENTILATION APPARATUS
Year: 1885

page_text: DANIEL BAKER 77 Tontine Street Folkestone Kent, Builder & Contractor do
hereby declare the nature of my invention for VENTILATION APPARATUS to be as
follows:-
A Brick made of such a shape as to bond with other bricks stone or other
material, or not, pierced with a square round or other shaped piercing or piercing
which piercing shall form an air duct passage or flue by building one pierced
brick upon another in a vertical oblique or other direction (the piercings being in
a suitable direction) & which will form the outer wall of a chimney flue or breast,
or will form the withs or division between flues, so that the heat of Chimney flues
may be communicated to the adjoining air duct formed in the pierced bricks and
so raise the temperature and cause an upward current of air in the same.
Proper inlet and outlet pieces to be formed at either end of the air duct, the
inlet at lower end fitted or not with a regulating valve and grating, such valve
hinged at bottom and so weighted as to work with a counterweight & chain or
cord. The Air duct to discharge at Chimney top or sooner into the open air, and
be terminated or not, by some suitable exhaust or extracting cowl.
Or a number of air ducts may be concentrated in a larger air duct, and discharge
as above.
An inspection door may be formed in the Air duct and a gas jet fixed therein to
assist or start an up current if necessary.
The Air duct may be divided & with inlets & outlets at suitable positions form
an upward & downward current in the flues for the outlet of foul & admission of
fresh air, or other purpose.
The bricks or tubes to be jointed like common bricks or may be grooved rebated
or other tight joint, made the thickness and width of a common brick and
2" longer for bonding, or may be made any thickness width or length suitable for
various sizes of flue or thickness of outer wall of flue, made of metallic brick-
earth, fire-clay, terra cotta, brick or tile earth, or clay of any suitable kind; of
concrete, cement or other plastic material, stone, iron, brass, copper or other metal.
An air duct may be so formed independently of chimney flues.
The fresh air inlet to rooms etc., formed of bricks pierced in an oblique direction.
outside terminating with an ordinary grating, inside terminating with a regulating
valve hung at top and in such a manner as to deliver the air in an upward
direction, & worked with a regulating stay bar; or with a counter-balance & chain
30 as to suspend the valve at any given height, the weight of such valve being
sufficient to close it.

page_text: I DANIEL BAKER of 79 Tontino Street Folkestone Kent do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My Invention has for its object to provide means whereby the ventilation of
rooms Offices Apartments or Spaces in Building is efficiently effected-For this
purpose I provide bricks shells or casings and fittings made so as to be capable of
being bonded with ordinary bricks stone or other materials the said bricks shells
or casings being of such a size and shape that they accommodate passages of a size
or capacity unattainable with bricks of the ordinary kind and built up together in
the ordinary way the said bricks shells or casings made according to iny Invention
when built together forming an air duct passage or flue running in a vertical or
oblique or other required direction and with a capacity sufficient for the passage
of the requisite amount of air to ensure proper ventilation all as hereinafter more
particularly described and illustrated The said casings may form part of the wall
of a chimney flue or of the breast or the "withs" or divisions between flues (or
independently of flues) so that the heat from the fires passing along the Chimney
flues will be communicated to the adjoining air duct formed by the said casings
and so raise the temperature and cause an upward current of air in the same.
Proper inlet and outlet pieces (opening into the interiors to be ventilated and to
the exteriors) are provided at both ends of the air ducts formed by the said
casings the inlet being fitted or not with a regulating valve or grating, such valve
when used being hinged at bottom and so weighted as to work with a counter
balance and chain or cord. The outlet may discharge at the chimney top or lower
down if so desired into the open air and may or may not be terminated by any
suitable exhaust or extracting cowl. Or a number of air ducts formed of the said
cascings may be led into a larger air duct which discharges as above mentioned.
An inspection door may be formed in the air duct and a gas jet if required may
be fixed therein to assist or start an up current. The air duct may be divided and
provided with inlets and outlets at any suitable positions to give an upward or
downward current for the outlet of foul air and the admission of fresh air as
required. The said casings may be jointed in any desired way. They may be
grooved rebated or otherwise formed for ensuring tight jointing. They are made
of a thickness or width and of a length suitable for various sizes of flue or
thickness of outer wall of flue and may be of any suitable material such for
example as metallic brick earth, fire clay, terra cotta, brick or tile earth, or clay of
any suitable kind, or of concrete, cement or other plastic material, or of stone or
even of metal if so desired. The fresh air inlet to the rooms or other places may
be formed of casings with the passages in an oblique direction provided outside
with an ordinary grating and inside with a regulating valve hung at top and in
such a manner as to deliver the air in an upward direction and worked with a
regulating stay bar or with counterbalance and chain so as to suspend the valve
at any given height the weight of such valve being sufficient to close it.
In order that my Invention may be thoroughly understood I will proceed to
describe it more particularly with reference to the accompanying drawings.
I will take as an example the case of a 131 inch flue. I form my casings (as
shown in plan and longitudinal and transverse section in Figure 1) about 2 inches

page_text: longer than the flue to which it is to be applied which extra length or tail piece
marked a is for bonding with the brick work or other material the tail end being
reversed each course. Each casing is therefore about 154" long about 41" in width
and about 3" in depth outside dimensions. The dotted lines at a² represent the
tail end of the casing next below that shewn in full lines. The thickness of the
sides and ends may be about ", 1″, 1″, or as desired. The tail piece a may be
hollow as shewn at Figure 1 or be made solid as shewn at Figure 2 thus with
4" sides obtaining a flue of about 12" x 3". It may be constructed with one ait
passage as in figure 1 or with two or more passages formed by divisions c as in
Figure 2.
The air passage or passages may be rectangular with rounded corners, or may be
square oval or other shape which will admit the necessary area of the air passage
and with vertical projections grooves or corrugations of any shape thus increasing
the heating surface Figure 3 shews one with corrugated sides.
33
The joint meeting faces or bed of the casings may be grooved as shewn in the
transverse section of Figure 1 to hold cement or mortar or fire clay or other
suitable material or the meeting faces may be plain, roughed, rebated, fluted or
formed with any other suitable configuration to make a tight joint. To enable the
course of a flue to be followed in "gathering over" right or left or "sailing
outwards or inwards or both together, I provide special bricks or casings made
with ends or sides or both sloping at the proper angle. Figures 4 and 5 shew a
casing for " gathering over" or *sailing" outwards they being respectively
inclined at the sides and the ends. Figure 6 shews a casing thus angled, both at
the ends and at the sides. Figure 7 shews a mouthpiece or inlet for use where
the casings are built as "withs," the part at d being in the line of the passages
forming the airduct and the part e, being brought to the outside to admit air, the
passages in the parts & and e, communicating at f-Where the bricks or casings
form the outside wall of the flue, or where they are built in the wall independently
of the flues, inlet casings like that at figure 8 may be used. Figure 9 shews a
metal regulating valve to fit either mouthpiece and worked with weight and
chain. The said valve may be made at an angle to allow of larger passage which
can be made equal to the area of the flue. Any form of ventilator suitable for the
purpose may be used however. For the outlet or exhaust of air when built as
withs a casing like that shewn at Figure 10' may be used, built in the chimney-
stack and having its ends open or protected with a grid, and the air flue discharging
into it through a corresponding opening g in the bottom. If the stack be for
double flues the outlet casing may be supplemented by an additional air outlet
casing beneath as at g³ to prevent the possibility of foul air from one being drawn
down another. Or a covering as at Figure 11 may be fixed at the summit of the
chimney-stack the ends being either open or protected with grids, or it may be
shaped as shewn at figure 12 with sides sloping as shewn or they may be straight
and may be provided with any suitable cowl extractor or other exhaust. Figure 13
shews an outlet casing for an air shaft when discharging a number of flues into a
larger flue or for discharging into a roof at the side of the chimney or the like.
For 9 inch flues, the perforated bricks, casings, mouthpieces, outlets and the like,
are relatively the same, thus being about 21" longer.as before, making the brick
or casing about 11" and 4" and 3" forming an air passage about 71" and 3"
divided or not as in the 131" flue casing. Same, for 7" flues, the bricks or casings
being about 9" and 4" and 3" with air passages 51" and 3"-Or where desirable,
tail piece may be about 41" longer than the flue instead of 21" as described. The
before mentioned are the usual and most convenient sizes but the same may be
increased or diminished to any length or intermediate size and to any suitable
breadth or depth, to go with 2" 3" or more courses of bricks or masonry. The
bricks or casings described for 9" and 7" flues can be built into 13" flues or vice
verså or be changed and built in any other convenient manner.
For the inlet of fresh, cold or warmed air, into rooms, the same bricks or
casings may be used, they being connected with air chambers or channels in any

page_text: convenient place and discharging through the outlet bricks into rooms or the like
Figure 14 shews a casing suitable for this purpose.
Any suitable ventilating valve such as is shewn in Figure 15 may be fitted at a
proper angle and worked with two lines with weight to close and open the valve,
the air being discharged upwards.
I will now describe examples in which my improved arrangements are combined
in a building Figure 16 shews the application of the perforated casings, forming
flue "withs" h with mouthpieces e (which may be like those shewn in Figure 7)
the vitiated air entering the air ducts at or just below the ceiling level in each
storey and following the course of the flues and discharging above the roof by
outlets g which may be like those shewn in Figure 10. Figure 16 A is a transverse
section of this arrangement. The inclined portions of the " withs
casings like those shewn in Figure 4.
33 are built up of
Figure 17 shews the application of the perforated casings to form the outer walls
of the flue, with inlets (which may be like that shewn in Figure 8) and with
outlets g (such for example as that shewn in Figure 13) into a large air shaft J
receiving the air from several air shafts, which large air shaft may have a door for
inspection, and gas jet or not, and the air may be discharged therefrom by the
large outlets, Fig. 10 or at top through an exhaust cowl as shown if so desired.
Figure 17 A is a cross section of this arrangement-The inclined portions of the
flue walls are built up of inclined casings like those shown in Figure 5.
Figure 18 shews the application of the perforated casings independently of flues.
The mouthpieces are shewn ate and the outlets at g. Figure 19 shew the appli-
cation of the casings for the inlet of fresh air which enters as shewn by the
arrows and is discharged into the rooms at g³ Figure 20 shews a simple fresh air
flue through the wall the slope as Fig. 4 gives the air an upward direction as
shewn by the arrows.
In Figures 21 to 34 I have shewn to a larger scale various applications of the
casings to various flues and walls which clearly explain how the casings may be
built up.
Figures 21 to 29 shew "withs" made, through their whole extent, of my
casings. Figure 30 shews" withs" made only partly of the casings. Figures 31, 32
and 33 shew the outside walls of flues made throughout the width of the flues of
my casings and Figure 34 shews the walls made only partly of the casings.
Figure 35 shews outlets like that at Figure 12 applied both with and without a
ventilating cowl at top.
Figure 36 shews the application of outlets like that at Figure 11.
By my Invention I obtain air passages or flues in a simple and convenient form,
for the outlet of vitiated air, and the inlet of fresh air, and by the peculiar
formation and the tail end of the component parts and the way they are built
together they constitute a flue or wall of sufficient capacity to carry the required
quantity of air without appreciably weakening it, and no special planning or
disarrangement of joists or trimmers is occasioned and I utilize to a large extent
the heat of smoke flues.-Any angle or direction can be attained and the cost is
trifling, being merely the difference between the cost of the perforated casings and
the brickwork they supplant.
For 13 smoke flues with a 15″ × 41″ casing, "sides and ends, I obtain a
12" x 3" air passage For 9" smoke flues with a 11" x 4" casing, I obtain
a 7" x 3" air passage, and for 7" smoke flues with a 9" x 4" casing, I obtain
a 5" x 3" air passage, which dimensions may be varied as aforesaid.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and the manner in which the same is to be performed I declare that
what I claim is :-
First For ventilating purposes a shell casing or brick having therein a passage
or passages affording an air conduit of a larger area than is permissible in ordinary
bricks or bricks as hitherto made or built together and the shells casings or bricka

page_text: constructed as described and illustrated for use therewith for the inlet and outlet
of the air,
Second: For ventilating purposes, the perforated shell casings or bricks as
claimed by the preceding claim, but inclined at the ends or sides or both as
herein before described and illustrated.
Third: The construction of hollow ventilating "withs" or flue walls of the
aforesaid perforated shells casings or bricks substantially as herein before described.
Fourth-The construction in buildings of ventilating flues, shafts or passages
with perforated shells casings or bricks such as are hereinbefore claimed, sub-
stantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by several examples.
Fifth-The construction of Bricks casings or flues to work in with and bond
every course (or otherwise) with ordinary bricks and having a tail or bonding
piece added beyond the length or width of the flue to which it is to be applied.
Dated thin 00-d do.. of T... 1000