Improvements in Electric Motors and Apparatus for Propelling Cars, Carriages, Cycles and Boats.
Year: 1897

page_text: - Date of Application, 1st Jan., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 30th Sept., 1897-Accepted, 1st Jan., 1898
PROVISIONAL DI PULTIVATION.
Improvements in Electric Motors and Apparatus for Propelling
Cars, Carriages, Cycles and Boats.
I, HENRY FRANCIS JOEL, of 74 Windsor Road, Forest Gate, Essex. Electrical
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention consists of an improved form of Electric Motor, and in apparatus
for applying same for the purpose of propelling Cars, Carriages, Cycles, Ships,
Boats or like purposes.
I construct an Electric Motor with internal fields and an external armature.
The field magnets have two or more poles, by preference I use four poles and I
make the field magnets with a central iron core and a central coil of wire, with
two flat polar extensions turned down at each end to form the poles. These poles
being arranged to interspace equally round a ring. The iron cores and extensions
I make of laminated iron plates, insulated one from the other, or of moulded
iron wire as described in my former Patents Nos. 8663 of 1892, and 18,847 of
1892. The armature I make of laminated rings of iron, or segmental plates of
iron, insulated one from the other, built up to form a ring, with the wire coils
placed in toothed projections or threaded through holes, or slots, near the inside
surface. In this application to a carriage, I fix the field magnets to the axle of the
carriage to be propelled and the armature revolves outside same. The armature
is by preference of a comparatively large diameter and is supported by radial
arms, or by a disc, and is free to revolve close to the field magnet poles, and runs
on the axle, space being left for the commutator and brushes, in this instance I
use four brushes.
The whole of the electrical part of the motor is enclosed and covered by a
suitable casing.
The motor, or motors, when two are used for one carriage, is placed adjacent to,
and on the same axle as the wheel of the carriage to be propelled.
To economize power and avoid gearing, I connect the armature directly to the
carriage wheel, using a slow speed motor. I prefer to use two motors one for each
wheel, and I may connect them by balance gear, or differential speed gear, or rely
upon their being independant of each other to obtain different speeds for turning.
As a slow speed motor necessitates increase of weight to obtain the requisite
power, I make a special driving gear to enable me to use a comparatively high
speed motor of light weight and great efficiency, and this driving gear, I construct
as follows: -
The boss of the armature is extended on one side to form a pulley of small
diameter, and in order to propel the carriage, I fix a concentric projecting ring,
or rim, on the spokes of the carriage wheel on the side next the carriage, this rim
is of smaller diameter than the carriage wheel. In combination with this rim,
or ring, I arrange a small pulley on the end of an arm fixed to the same axle

page_text: of the carriage, and place this pulley parallel with, close to, and inside the pro-
jecting rim on the carriage wheel, and I connect this pulley by means of a leather,
or other belt, or strap, to the pulley on the armature boss.
In order to transmit the reduced motion of the armature pulley to the carriage
wheel, I cause the pulley on the arm when the belt is running over it, to be
pressed up by means of levers, or screw gear, under the control of the driver,
against the inside face of the projecting rim on the carriage wheel, which is
suitably faced for the purpose, and the projecting arm carrying the pulley is made
slightly flexible to allow this movement. The belt then continuing to run,
acts by frictional pressure between the pulley and rim on, and against the rim,
and thus transmits its motion to, and drives the carriage wheel forward. By
releasing the pressure, the armature continues to revolve but the power and
motion are no longer transmitted to the carriage wheel.
I arrange that the pulley on the arm which gears with the rim and carries the
belt, may be moved backwards or forwards on its axle, as may be desired, and
cause it to move the belt. backwards or forwards, and more or less in contact with
and between the pulley and the rim of the wheel on the carriage wheel. I have
found that the putting a running belt, particularly a link belt, more or less on
a driven pulley, alters the power and speed of the driven pulley, in some pro-
portion as the surface of the belt passes on or off the driven pulley.
I combine with the mechanism for releasing the pressure of the belt pulley,
a brake, so that the action of releasing the pressure at the same time applies
the brake to the carriage wheel, and this brake is by preference an electrical
brake, the momentum of the carriage being used to revolve the armature and
charge the batteries used for supplying the motive power. I also combine the
steering gear with the power controlling gear so as to be convenient for prompt
use.
Alternatively to, or in addition to the belt driving gear, I arrange to drive the
armature pulley by means of epicycloidal, friction, or other gear, so that in
ordinary use on level roads this pulley is driven direct, but when ascending
steep inclines, whilst the armature continues to revolve at full speed the pulley
no longer drives direct at the speed of the armature, but by means of the gear
one tenth only, or such other proportion of speed as desired, may be obtained.
One special way of accomplishing this object is by means of toothed projections
on the edge of the armature pulley, and an interlocking pinion placed at right
angles to these teeth on the boss of the carriage wheel. This interlocking pinion
is made slightly eccentric, or with its centre a little out of the true centre, or
it moves in a slot in a similar manner to the inner wheel of a differential pulley,
the object of this being to cause it during one revolution to come into gear
with a fixed stop, or pin, or a number of stops, or pins, on the boss of the
carriage wheel, and thus to cause the pinion to lock once in each revolution it
makes, and thus give increased impetus to propel the carriage wheel forward a
short distance at a continuous but slow speed with accumulated power. I may
use bevel gear in place of the crown, or spur tooth gear, or I may use ordinary
spur wheels arranged one above the other."
I propose to use this reducing gear either alone to drive the carriage wheels
without the belt friction gear described, or in combination with the belt friction
gear.
In some instances, I propose to use two spur wheels for transmitting the slow
motion at the axle of the armature to the rim on the wheel, which rim in this
case would also have teeth; or I may transmit the motion to the tooth wheel
by means of the belt before described, or I may still further reduce the speed
of the carriage wheel by using a double pulley at the rim, one receiving the
belt and motion from the armature pulley, and a smaller pulley inside gearing
with the rim, in any of these instances the pulley, or tooth wheel, may be put
out out of gear with the rim as previously described.
I use one central driving motor and gear for some purposes such as Bicycles;

page_text: or carriages with three wheels, and I arrange the large diameter of the armature
and driving rim, to come between two seats of the carriage at the back of
same, with the motor on one side, the rim wheel in the centre, and the pulley
and belt on the other side.
I may cause the internal fields to revolve in the same direction as the armature,
in order to obtain additional centrifugal force and momentum, or I may reverse
them for opposite effect, and to obtain a slow speed at the armature.
By preference I use two Batteries, and couple them up at will, and I so place
the Batteries with regard to the driving wheels, that their weight is always
used to the best effect either going up, or going down hill.
I arrange the electrical commutating Switch to give easy control to vary
the power, speed, or direction of the motor, or carriage, by one motion, either
by putting in resistances, by altering the number of cells, by altering the wire
on the fields, or by changing the connections of the armature, (to make a
single or double armature in parallel or series as desired) or by combining the
two motors, (when two are used,) or any suitable combination of any of these.
The object of my invention is to obtain the greatest efficiency, and most
economical use of the motive driving power; to utilize the centrifugal action of
the revolving armature, (which is made of a comparatively large diameter,) to
assist the motion, and momentum of the carriage, and at the same time to obtain
a variable speed in order to obtain full power at the slowest speed for ascending
steep inclines, with a controlling apparatus easily adaptable to the variable condi-
tions of road travelling, (of a simple form put on by a simple motion,) and the
utilization of the brake without much loss.
1000
Improvements in Electric Motors and Apparatus for Propelling
Cars, Carriages, Cycles and Boats.
I, HENRY FRANCIS JOEL of 74 Windsor Road, Forest Gate. Essex Electrical
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:
-
My invention consists of an improved form of Electric Motor, and of apparatus
for propelling Cars, Carriages, Cycles, Ships, Boats or like purposes.
In the drawings accompanying this description like letters are applied to like
parts.
Fig 1. Is a sectional elevation of my electric motor and jamming grip
apparatus as applied to a carriage wheel.
Fig 1. Shews an isometrical sketch of the special construction of the field
magnets of my electric motor, and also a side and front view of the magnet cores
and poles.
Fig. 2 Elevation and front view of electric motor and apparatus as applied
to a carriage wheel corresponding to Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 Rocking lever for pressing the jamming grip belt pulley against the
rim of the carriage wheel.
Fig. 4. Direct screw action for a like purpose to Fig. 3.
Fig. 5. A pushing screw action actuated by levers and bars for a like purpose.
Fig. 6. A side view of a self-propelled motor carriage shewing adaptation of
electric motor and apparatus and jamming grip gear for applying same.

page_text: Fig. 7. A plan of same.
I construct an electric motor M, shewn in Fig 1, 1, and 2, with internal
fields F, and an external armature A. The field magnets have four or more
poles, by preference I use four poles, and I make the field magnet iron cores
in two halves, as shewn in Fig 1^, each half having a central boss f, and a
flat polar extension F, the ends of which are turned down at right angles to
form pole faces P. The faces of these poles P are curved, and the two halves
are placed one on the other at right angles to each other, as shewn on Fig 1,
with the central bosses f faced together to form one central core, and four con-
centric poles lying in the same plane of rotation and equally interspaced therein,
as shewn more particularly in the isometric sketch Fig 1, and in Figs. 1, and 2.
The wire coil W, is wound on a former, and placed round the central boss f.
This combination forms a four pole field electro magnet, with two north poles.
and two south poles, alternately placed.
The iron cores and extensions I make of laminated iron plates insulated one
from the other, or of moulded iron wire as described in my former patents
Nos. 8663 of 1892 and 18847 of 1892. or of annealed cast steel or other suitable
material.
The armature A, I make of laminated rings of iron or segmental plates of
iron insulated one from the other built up to form a ring with the wire coils
placed in toothed projections or threaded through holes, or slots near the inside
surface. In this application to a carriage I fix the field magnets to the axle X,
of the carriage to be propelled and the armature revolves outside same as shewn
in Fig. 1. The armature is by preference of a comparatively large diameter
and is supported by radial arms shewn in Fig 1, or by a disc, and is free to
revolve close to the field magnet poles, and runs on the axle, space being left for
the commutator and brushes.
The whole of the Electrical part of the motor is enclosed and covered by a
suitable casing as shewn.
The motor, or motors when two are used for one carriage, is placed adjacent to
and on the same axle as the wheel of the carriage to be propelled.
I make a special driving gear to enable me to use a comparatively high
speed motor of light weight and great efficiency and this driving gear I construct
as follows.
The boss of the armature A, is extended on one side to form a pulley B, of
small diameter, and in order to propel the carriage, I fix a concentric project-
ing ring or rim R, Fig. 1 and 2 on the spokes of the carriage wheel C, on the
side next to the carriage. This rim is of smaller diameter than the carriage
wheel C. In combination with this ring, or rim I arrange a pulley J, on the
end of an arm S, fixed to the same axle X, of the carriage, and place this pulley J
parallel with, close to, and inside the projecting rim R, on the carriage wheel C,
and I connect this pulley J, by means of a leather, or other belt L, or strap, to
the pulley B, on the armature boss. In order to transmit the reduced motion
of the armature pulley B, to the carriage wheel C. cause the pulley J, when
the belt is running over it, to be pressed up by means of levers E, or eccentric
bearings, or screw gear G, Figs. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. under the control of the driver,
against the inside face of the projecting rim R on the carriage wheel, which
is suitably faced for the purpose. The projecting arm S, carrying the pulley J,
in the example shewn at Fig 1. is made slightly flexible to allow this movement.
The belt L, when continuing to run, acts by jamming grip frictional pressure
between the pulley J, and rim R, on and against the rim, and thus transmits
its motion to, and drives the carriage wheel C, forward, the direction of the
motion being indicated by the arrows. By releasing the pressure the armature A
continues to revolve, but the power and motion are no longer transmitted to the
carriage wheel. The belt or strap may be a combined wire woven and leather
belt, or any other belt, strap or metal chain which may be found suitable for
transmitting the motion.

page_text: I arrange that the pulley on the arm which gears with the rim and carries
the belt may be moved backwards or forwards on its axle, as may be desired and
cause it to move the belt backwards or forwards, and more or less in contact
with and between the pulley and the rim of the wheel on the carriage wheel. I
have found that the putting a running belt, particularly a link belt, more or
less on a driven pulley alters the power and speed of the driver pulley, in some
proportion as the surface of the belt passes on and off the driven pulley."
Fig. 3. shews an alternative arrangement for applying pressure on the pulley J
by means of the lever E.
Fig. 4. shews a direct screw action for lifting the pulley J, in parallel guides,
and pressing the pulley J, against the rim R, on the wheel C.
+
Fig 5. Shews a screw actuated by levers, which pushes the bearing and axle
carrying the pulley P, in parallel guides, against the rim of the carriage wheel :
This can be applied to two pulleys, one on each end of the axle both operated
by one lever.
In Fig. 6, a side elevation and Fig. 7, a plan I shew an application of my
electric motor and jamming grip belt driving gear to a carriage.
'
The whole of the gear is placed at the rear and partly underneath the
carriage. The motor M, in this example also, is placed on the axle of the carry-
ing wheel C. as in Fig 1. but is arranged to reduce speed and drive from a
small wheel K Fig. 7 through a chain or belt or by toothed gearing, a larger
wheel H, fixed on the axle O, carrying two driving pulleys B. B. one at each
end. The axle O, is supported by two arms or levers T. T. pivoted, and attached
to the body of the carriage at V.V. These arms T. T also serve to support
another axle e, carrying the jamming wheels J, J, and the belt or strap L is
placed round the pulleys B. B. and J. J. so as to gear them together. The
motion of the armature is transmitted through the chain gear, and wheels K
and H to the pulleys B. B. and thence by means of the strap L. L to the driving
pulleys. The pulleys J. J are put into gear and pressed against the rims R. R.
on the wheels, by means of the leaver E under the control of the driver on the
back seat. The leaver E is connected to the axle E by two vertical rods D. D at
the points shewn on the plan Fig 7 the lever being fixed to the long pivot or
axle end supported at two points by brackets attached to the body of the carriage
at Q. Q.
By pressing forward the lever E the rods D. D. raise the two arms T: T. carry-
ing the driving wheels J. J. and press them both against the inside of the
rims R. R on the carriage wheels. and thus transmits their motion to and drives
the carriage wheels forward as shewn by the arrows.
The withdrawing back the lever E, disengages the driving pulleys and allows
the arms T. T. to rest on the axle X, out of gear. Thus the armature may
continue to revolve but the carriage is no longer impelled forward and the motive
power can be put
as desired.
"
on
دو
or' off"
The gear as above described is attached to the carriage and framed up with
it by a light metal skeleton frame to ensure that the parts are kept equi-distant
whilst the arrangements of the arms T. T. horizontally allows free play to the
springs supporting the carriage, shown in dotted lines.
The batteries in the example shewn Fig 6 & 7 are placed under the body of
the carriage at U.
An electrical control switch is placed close to the driver. as well as the steering
wheel shewn in dotted lines. The electrical switch allows different speeds, and
powers to be put on at the motor as may be found convenient & suitable.
I may use balance gear fixed on the axle O, to obtain different speeds at the
carriage wheels C, C. for turning.
I combine the mechanism for releasing the pressure of the belt pulleys J. J
with brakes YY which are fixed on the end of the axle N so that the action
of releasing the pressure on the driving belt pulley J at the same time applies
the brakes Y Y to the carriage wheels as shewn in Fig. 6 & 7.

page_text: I use one central driving motor & gear for some purposes, such as Bicycles
or Carriages with three wheels and I arrange the large diameter of the Armature
and driving run to come between two seats of the Carriage at the back of same,
with the motor on one side, the rim wheel in the centre, and the pulley and belt
on the other side using the direct acting screw gear, shewn in Fig 4. for
pressing the driving pulley on to the rim.
The advantages I claim for my invention are:-
The construction of an electric motor specially adapted for use in self propelled
carriages.
A comparatively light weight motor, combined with high efficiency is obtained
by using the four pole field magnets as described, whilst the outside revolving
armature gives high periphery speed, with low axial speed.
The jamming belt grip gear and apparatus for transmitting the power from
the motor to the carriage rim is almost noiseless, it is of light weight, free from
mechanical complication, and allows the power to be instantly applied at will,
as the motor may be kept running and the carriage started or stopped as desired,
this is specially useful and convenient for use in towns.
The driving power is out of gear in its normal state, and the carriage can be
left with safety.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be proformed I declare that what
I claim is:-:
1. In a self-propelled carriage a continuous current electric motor, having
central wire coils and fixed fields with four or more poles, turned up at right
angles, said poles in opposite pairs, being combined upon duplicate frames,
which being reversed and brought together boss to boss cause said poles to lie
in the same plane of rotation and interspace therein, in combination with an
armature revolving outside same, substantially as shewn and described in re-
ference to Fig 1. 1. and 2.
2. In a self propelled carriage a driving gear consisting of in combination a
flanged drum or a wheel with projecting rim, a driving belt from motor, or
driving shaft to a pulley upon an eccentrically pivotted bar, or upon a rocking
lever, adapted to, jam the said driving belt between said pully and internal
periphery of drum or projecting rim on wheel to give a jamming grip, substan-
tially as shewn and described. in reference to Figs 1. 2. 5 and 6.
3. In a self propelled carriage the combination of the jamming belt driving
gear with means for applying or disengaging same, substantially as shewn and
described in reference to Figs 1. 2. 3. 4. 5 and 6.
Dated this 30th day of September 1897.