Improvements in and Means or Apparatus for and in Connection with the Transmission of Power or Motion by Cables, Straps, Chains, or the like, applicable to Machinery in General, and particularly for Agricultural Purposes.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application (in United Kingdom), 23rd Aug., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Aug., 1892-Accepted, 15th Oct., 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and Means or Apparatus for and in Connection
with the Transmission of Power or Motion by Cables, Straps,
Chains, or the like, applicable to Machinery in General, and
particularly for Agricultural Purposes.
:
We, ANTOINE BOUSQUET, EUGENE LASBAX, and AUGUSTE LACOMME, all of
3 Rue des Teinturiers Toulouse, Haute Garonne, France, Mechanical Engineers,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention refers to improvements in, and apparatus for and in connection
with the transmission of power or motion to or from machinery in general as well
as to the application of such improvements to agricultural machinery, all as here-
after described.
In order that our invention may be readily understood, we will in the aforesaid
description make reference to the accompanying drawings illustrating examples of
the application of our said invention.
Fig. 1 shews in plan a carriage constructed or arranged according to our said
invention, and Fig. 2 shews the same carriage in elevation. This apparatus con-
sists of suitable framework A A carrying two shafts C and C¹; on these said shafts
are fixed multiple grooved cylinders or drums B B B and D; the first B B B are
graduated, being made in separate parts or in a single piece, and fixed on the
shaft C-by suitable means such as a key: These grooved drums, when necessary,
can be easily removed from their position, so that they may be changed for others
of different size or number. The second grooved cylinder D is, as aforesaid, fixed
on the shaft C', and has a groove less than the number of grooves of the graduated
cylinder B, as will be hereafter explained.
H is a rope or cable which passes in the grooves.over both drums B and D in
such manner that the elevation thereof presents somewhat the configuration of a
figure of 8. The graduated cylinders are driven with the cable H, sometimes
on one or other of the graduations according to requirement by the driving
pulley Psituated outside the frame. The grooved cylinder D is revolved on its
axis as the cylinder B draws the cable H H. The cable H H is wound in the
grooves as follows: After having reserved from the total length of the cable a part
sufficient to allow of passing round the grooves of the cylinder intended for driving
the apparatus, we commence to pass one end of the cable under the drum D, and
taking the length necessary to pass round the other grooves, we then bring the end
of the cable above the first groove of the cylinder B to pass under the corre-
sponding groove of the windlass D, bringing it then above and into the same groove
of the cylinder D, we carry the end of the cable and the necessary length under
the second groove of the drum B to again pass by this same groove, and returning
under the second groove of the drum D, and we bring the cable round in this same
groove and guide it under the third groove of the drum B. Bringing the cable

page_text: back on the top of this third groove, we then repass it under the third groove of
the drum D, and directing the cable on the same groove, re-pass it under the fourth
groove of the drum B.
The end of the cable H and the remaining length are then
brought above this groove; the cable is then directed in a straight line and
above the drum D to, say, a plough, as will be mentioned in reference to Figs. 12
and 13.
As will be seen, the cable in passing the grooves of the cylinder drum B to the
cylinder D forms, as before inentioned, a series of what we may call figures of eight,
which by their multiplications of turns, enable the necessary resistance to be
obtained to prevent the slipping of the cable.
By this arrangement and combination the cable passes four times round the
graduated cylinder B and three times round the cylinder D. The number of the
grooves, turns, or figures of eight may be diminished or increased at will according
to the resistance to be overcome or to be obtained.
By this arrangement we avoid the slipping which generally takes place when a
cable only passes once round a single groove as in the ordinary machinery.
The ends of the cable with the surplus outside of the length of the cable
necessary for the work of the field to be cultivated, are carried or stored on the
two trunnions of the plough, Figs. 12 and 13, described further .on, and by this
means it is easy to lengthen or shorten the length of the cable as required for.the
work. The carriage shewn at Fig. 1 is arranged for travelling on ordinary
wheels LL for its transport on roads and places to where it is to work; the
axles K K are arranged to allow the wheels to be detachable; rollers i serve
when the wheels L L are removed to allow the carriage to move on rails.
At V V there are two rollers which serve as means whereby, when the carriage
is placed on the rails to cause it to advance or recede by means of a cable which
may be wound on these rollers, the end of this cable being hooked or fixed to the
end of a rail or stake fixed in the ground as a point of support. A crank with
pinion and gear may be fitted to the trunnion for producing the backward or
forward movement.
RR, Fig. 2, shews a transmission strap or baud from pulley.S of the motor
transmitting power to the pulley P of the multiple grooved drums. I, I, Fig. 2,
are the rollers for running on the rails N N; LL, Fig. 1, are the wheels removed;
K K, Fig. 2, section of axles of wheels; T, Figs. 1 and 2, return pulley to receive
the rope of the roller V, by which the carriage is advanced in proportion to the
work ZZ are apertures hereafter mentioned by which to couple the carriage
Figs. 1 and 2 to the carriage carrying the prime motor, Fig. 5.
Fig. 2, A, shewn in dotted lines, represents in oblique projection at A, a
reservoir to receive ballast, whereby more stability and fixity may be given to the
carriage, and overturning under the action of the tension of the traction cable
prevented; B are hooks to fix the ballast reservoirs on which ever side of the
carriage the additional weight is necessary. Fig. 3 represents in horizontal section
another arrangement of windlass carriage comprising a similar arrangement of
cylinders or drums with graduated divisions as already described with reference to
Figs. 1 and 2.
By this arrangement, the necessary power is obtained for operating the said
windlass by means of cranks, gear wheels, and pinions, which may be driven by an
attendant, whereby machinery may be operated for digging or other agricultural
operations. A clutch mechanism is provided, which is worked at will for separating
or coupling the bevel pinions O on the gear wheel placed below; rollers are pro-
vided to run on movable or portable rails at the time of work, and for which
ordinary wheels can be substituted for the transport of the carriage on roads and
the like. The frame of this windlass 'is constructed of iron, wood, or any other
suitable material.
Fig. 4 represents.an elevation. of the preceding apparatus shewn at Fig. 3, and
in this view is added a head A with openings to receive either one, two, three, or
four poles, so that the machine 'may be, if required, worked by animals. In this

page_text: case the fly wheel handles should be removed in order to allow clear space for the
free rotation of the poles. As in Figs. 1 and 2, rollers should be provided where-
with to advance or retire the apparatus.
Fig. 5 represents a platform B B of any suitable strong material, on the sides of
which are arranged some parallel iron plates CC, rivetted or bolted on the sides of
the frame of the platform to receive the wheels of the traction or portable' engine A,
which is mounted on the said platform or carriage B; in the parallel plates there
are formed apertures E in which pins or keys are introduced to wedge in and fix
the wheels, which are placed between the two shoes D D which contribute to the
wedging up of the wheels; apertures formed on one of the outer sides of the
platform B at the points ZZZ to couple by bolts with the carriage Fig. 2, the said
carriage being formed as before stated with similar apertures Z Z rollers II
supported by axes M are placed under the platform B, and which rest on the
portable rails N fixed on the cross pieces O. By these arrangements and the
coupling of the platform or carriage which supports the engine A to the carriage
Figs. 1 and 2, the whole travels on the same rails, that is to say, the engine and
the carriage Fig. 2.
->
Fig. 6 represents in elevation a windlass arrangement similar to those herein-
before described, placed under the engine A. The windlass carriage may rest on a
double Trail O or be fixed or bolted in the empty space under the said engine-and
between the wheels; return pulleys C C are arranged to direct the traction cables
into the different directions to, say, the part of the field to be worked.
Fig. 7 represents in elevation a windlass B on the same system. This windlass
carriage is also fixed under the locomotive or rests on the rails C by the
rollers II.
Fig. 8 represents the longitudinal elevation of an arrangement which consists in
placing the windlass at the side of the fore carriage of the machine. The pulleys P
direct the traction of the cable. The transmission of the motive power and
arrangement of graduated windlass are there also indicated. The transmission of
motion from the prime mover may be effected and is so indicated at Fig. 8, as will
be described in reference to Figs. 23, 24, and 25, by improved means according to
our invention. Fig. 9 represents a plan view, Fig. 10 a side view, and Fig. 1 an
end view of an anchor wagon; A A indicates the framework, at the centre of
which there are two superposed grooved pulleys B carried by the shaft C; one of
these pulleys is keyed to the shaft C and the other loose. Round these pulleys
the cable H passes, which cable H also traverses the grooves of the windlass,
Fig. 1, and comes to the two trunnions or small drums of the plough Fig. 12 at each
end. A small grooved pulley D placed at each side of the large return pulleys B
serves to guide and prevent the cable from coming out of the groove. The axes of
the guide pulleys D are adjustable laterally in order to allow the cable to be
placed between the two grooves. Rollers are provided, running on portable
double rails. The shafts L of these rollers II are capable of receiving ordinary
wheels to transport the anchor wagon when required.
A lever O placed in the direction opposite to the traction of the cable and
having a movable weight P serves to counterbalance the effect of the traction of
the cable. Above the frame and lever O there is a reservoir R, (Figs. 10 and 11)
which serves to receive the ballast to afford greater weight and resistance to the
overturning of the anchor wagon.
A roller 1, Fig. 10, placed below the wagon, serves to make it advance by
the aid of a cable, making one or several turns round the said roller, and one
of the ends of this cable is fixed or hooked to the end of one of the rails, or
to a stake placed in front as a point of resistance; the other end of the cable
being held by the hand to obtain the tension and to avoid the slipping of the
turns of the said cable; instead of this arrangement, we may prefer to employ
a small windlass driven by a crank governing a pinion, which is in gear with
a larger wheel fixed to one of the sides of the anchor wagon; an end of the

page_text: cable is then fixed, and the other is rolled on the said windlass. The action of
the crank of this small windlass causes the advance of the wagon anchor.
Fig. 12 shews in plan view and Fig. 13 in elevation a balancing plough, to
which a to and fro motion is communicated by means of the cable H. As
. before stated, one of the ends of the cables is hooked onto the drum A and
the other end to the drum B.
Above these drums, which receive the excess of cable to give where required
more. length for the long furrows, is mounted a large toothed wheel, into which
the pinion on the crank axes E gears for rolling up or unrolling the cable H.
A pawl F or ratchet controls the movement of the drums.
In order that the draught of the plough may be effected in a straight line
we pass the cable H in the grooves of the small pulleys C C in front and rear
of the plough; moreover if we prefer it we can pass the cable H coming from
the trunnions A and B directly onto a fork with roller placed at the ends of
the frame of the plough, and which serves as a guide and director for the
traction cables. The return cable is maintained and supported above the soil
by the small pulley D which is fixed on the end of the axis of the smaller
running wheel G of the plough. The two wheels of the plough are of different
dimensions, as will be observed. An eccentric actuated by a lever P serves to
lower, elevate, or vary the inclination of the ploughing tools in order to give
to the plough more or less degree of penetration into the soil.
"The to and fro movement of the plough is obtained by clianging the direction
of movement of the motor machine.
Fig. 14 represents a field partially worked. The engine A on the rails, the
windlass carriage B coupled as before described, the anchor wagon at the point C
and the plough at D.
According as the work proceeds, the apparatus are moved by the means already
indicated along the portable rails E, which are hooked together, the last rail
being periodically moved forwards, and so on.
Fig. 15 represents a piece of land worked on the whole of its surface, the
parts not worked in Fig. 14 being done by means of return pulleys fixed to the
anchor F secured to the earth by stakes, etc.
Figs. 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20 represent several forms and arrangements of rails
that we employ for the windlass carriage, anchor wagons, engines &c. to run on.
At the ends of the cross pieces which support and connect the rails, apertures
are formed to fix same by means of the stakes or hooks shewn at Figs. 21 and 22.
The first, A, Fig. 21, having projections or arms by which, when it is sunk, in
the soil and given a quarter of a turn, the fixing is held secure.
Fig. 22 is a screw fastening, which is caused to enter the soil by a rotary
movement, from right to left, and which by being inversely turned, comes out
and disengages itself. We attach great importance to securly fixing on the soil
the cross bars of the rails, and to the promptitude with which we can place and
remove these pegs or hooks. A suitably constructed lever may be employed for
facilitating the placing and removing of these hooks.
Fig. 23 represents the apparatus according to our invention for the trans-
mission of power from the prime motor to windlasses, or to any other machine
to which a transmission of power is required. A represents a pulley with several
grooves (according to requirement) to prevent the slipping of the cables or
straps. This pulley A is fixed to the shaft or carried outside the fly wheel of
the prime motor. The size of this pulley is relative to the speed and the power
desired to be obtained, according to circumstances; B represents the pulley,
also grooved as the previous pulley A, and which is fixed to the apparatus which
it is desired to connect with the motive power; C and D represent two other
pulleys, also grooved like the pulleys A B. The pulleys C D are supported by
yokes FF connected by a screw to lever G threaded in an opposite direction
to effect the approach and distancing of the yokes F F and consequently the
pulleys C D can by this arrangement be caused to stretch or slacken the

page_text: transmission cables H H. The distancing arrangements may be somewhat modified
when the transmission distances are long and the apparatus to be put in motion
are far off.
In the arrangement Fig. 23, an endless cable is passed through the grooves
of the said pulleys, and in default of an endless cable, the ends of the cable
are connected by a hook. Metallic cables, straps, cords, or stretched gut,
chains &c. can be, if desired, employed. As indicated in Fig. 23, the cable
passes twice round the pulleys CD by making a figure of eight from one pulley
to the other. A system of clutching or unclutching is applied to one or other of
the pulleys A and B in order to make them fast or loose as may be required. The
pulleys C and D turn on the axes of their respective yokes.
Fig. 24 represents a plan of Fig. 23 and indicates the axes of the pulleys A, the
cables H, the yokes F, and the screw G for the regulation of the tension of the
transmission cable. The number of the grooves in the pulley is variable and
according to the result desired to be obtained.
Fig. 25 represents a slide support, to give, when that is necessary, greater fixity
to the transmission apparatus; to the points A and B there are bearings with
collar and slides which support the shafts of the apparatus (A and B, Fig. 23).
A tightening screw suitably connected with the bearings serves to fix them at
the desired point; openings with slides C C receive the shaft carriers of the
yokes F F, Figs. 23 and 24. The tightening or relative loosening of the tension
of the cable is produced by means of the lever G, Figs. 23 and 24, in the frame I.
By our invention we are enabled to obtain a greater amount of work, as well as
more regular and even motion, than heretofore; and our invention is applicable
to motive power machines, mechanical apparatus, ploughs, velocipedes, and all
other machines which require up to the present time the employment of the usual
driving straps, chains, stretched gut, gearings &c.
Our invention as applied to ploughs allows of rolling or storing up the excess of
the cable on the said trunnions, and by this means to be able to lengthen or
shorten according to requirement the traction cable by the rolling or unrolling of
the said cable on the said trunnions; whilst that in the ordinary windlasses it is
necessary to roll or store up in advance on the drum of the principal windlass the
excess of cable, and by this fact augment the resistance of the windlass due to the
super-position of the cable, which does not exist in our arrangement of graduated
windlass with multiple grooves.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said iuven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
:-
1. The transmission of power or motion by means of a cable or cables wound as
described over or around grooved drums so as to form in side view a figure of eight,
the sizes of the drum or drums being graduated or capable of being varied, whereby
slipping is prevented and power economized all substantially as and for the purposes
herein described.
2. In means or apparatus for the transmission of power or motion, the arrange-
ment of the windlass carriages with the grooved drums, cable, arrangements for
travelling the said carriages, operating the drums, ballasting devices for said
carriages connected therewith, all constructed and acting substantially as and for
the purposes described with reference to Figs. 1 to 4 of the accompanying
drawings.
3. The combination with the apparatus claimed by Claim 2 of the arrangement
of engine or prime motor, the carriage for same, the means for securing same on
the carriage, and the connection and arrangement of the windlass carriage with the
motor carriage, all substantially as and for the purposes herein described.
4. The combination with the arrangements of windlass carriage and the arrange-
ments of prime motor as described of the anchor wagon substantially as described
with reference to Figs. 9, 10, and 11 of the accompanying drawings.

page_text: 5. The combination with the arrangements of windlass carriage, prime motor,
and anchor wagon as described, of the plough or agricultural implement constructed
and acting substantially as and for the purposes described with reference to
Figs. 12, 13, 14, and 15 of the accompanying drawings.
6. The driving arrangement or device substantially as described by reference to
Figs. 8, 23, 24, and 25 of the accompanying drawings.
7. The combination with the features claimed by Claim 3 of the construction of
rails and the like and parts appertaining thereto substantially as described with
reference to Figs. 16 to 22 of the accompanying drawings.
8. The general arrangement construction and combination of parts composing
my improvements in, and means or apparatus for, the transmission of power
or motion, applicable to machinery in general and particularly to agricultural
purposes, all acting substantially as and for the purposes herein described with
reference to the accompanying drawings, together with any mere modification
or modifications thereof.
Dated this 23rd day of August 1892
BREWER & SON,
33, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for Applicants.