IMPROVEMENTS IN FINISHING LINEN, COTTON, AND OTHER FABRICS, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED FOR SUCH PURPOSES
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Christian Thamsen, of Copenhagen, in the
Kingdom of Denmark, at present residing at No. 40, Great Tower
Street, in the City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FINISHING LINEN, COTTON, AND OTHER FABRICS, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE
USED FOR SUCH PURPOSES."-A communication from abroad by Franz
Friedrich Güllich, of Copenhagen, in the Kingdom of Denmark.
Scaled the 15th September 1870, and dated the 9th April 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Christian Thamsen
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 9th April 1870.
I, PETER CHRISTIAN THAMSEN, of Copenhagen, in the Kingdom of
Denmark, at present residing at No. 40, Great Tower Street, in the City
of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN FINISHING LINEN, COTTON, AND OTHER FABRICS, AND IN APPARATUS
TO BE USED FOR SUCH PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in finishing linen,
cotton, and other fabrics, and in apparatus to be used for such purposes.

page_text: I wind the fabric to be dressed upon a roller either when simply moistened
or when filled with paste or such like material. I envelope the roller and
fabric in a wrapping cloth, and place the roll between two pressing
cylinders, so that the axes of the rollers and cylinders are in one plane.
The cylinders are caused to press firmly against the roller and at the
same time to revolve in the same direction. After the cylinders have
revolved for a time in one direction the motion is reversed; care is taken
that the wrapping cloth shall not unwind so far as to expose the fabric to
direct contact with the cylinders. The fabric is twice treated; after the
first operation it is unwound and wound again on the roller commencing
from the other end of the piece. The machine I employ consists of a
frame with two upright standards, one at cach end. The standards
carry two cylinders, one over the other, and the roller with the fabric
upon it is received between them. The axis of the upper cylinder is
carried in fixed bearings, whilst those of the lower cylinder are able to
move vertically in suitable guides, and are pressed upwards by levers
heavily weighted. The bearings of the fabric roller are also able to
rise and fall in guides. They are provided with adjusting screws, and
there is an opening in one of the standards to allow the roller to be
inserted endwise between the cylinders; the upper cylinder has a bevilled
wheel on its axis gearing with two bevilled pinions on the main driving
axis, either of which can be clutched fast to the axis at pleasure, and so
the cylinder can be turned either way. The upper cylinder also has a
spur wheel upon its axis gearing with an intermediate wheel, which in
turn gears with a similar wheel on the axis of the lower cylinder. The
intermediate wheel is carried by links from the axes of the two cylinders,
so that it may adapt itself to the rise and fall of the lower cylinder.
The cylinders and roller are made hollow for convenience of heating
them
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, 30
filed by the said Peter Christian Thamsen in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 7th October 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PETER
CHRISTIAN THAMSEN, of Copenhagen, in the Kingdom of Denmark, at
present residing at No. 40, Great Tower Street, in the city of London, 35
send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-third
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Peter Christian Thamsen, Her special licence
that I, the said Peter Christian Thamsen, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Peter Christian Thamsen, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FINISHING LINEN, COTTON, AND OTHER FABRICS, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED
FOR SUCH PURPOSES," a communication to me from abroad by Franz
Friedrich Güllich, of Copenhagen, in the Kingdom of Denmark, upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Peter Christian Thamsen,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Peter Christian Thamsen, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in finishing linen,.
cotton, and other fabrics, and in apparatus to be used for such purposes.
I wind the fabric to be dressed upon a roller, either when simply
moistened or when filled with paste or such like material. I envelope
the roller and fabric in a wrapping cloth, and place the roll between
two pressing cylinders, so that the axes of the rollers and cylinders are
in one plane. The cylinders are caused to press firmly against the
roller and at the same time to revolve in the same direction. After
the cylinders have revolved for a time in one direction the motion is
reversed. Care is taken that the wrapping cloth shall not unwind so
far as to expose the fabric to direct contact with the cylinders. The
fabric is twice treated. After the first operation it is unwound and wound

page_text: driving axis E. Either one or other of these bevil toothed wheels can
be made fast with the driving axis by shifting endwise along the axis
the sliding clutch E2 by means of the clutch lever E³, and thus the
shaft D and roller A can readily be caused to revolve in either direction
as desired. In order that the clutch lever may readily be moved to
and fro it is provided at its lower end with a toothed arc, into which
gears a toothed wheel E' upon an axis E³; on this axis is a lever handle E*
by which the axis can be turned in either direction desired. The toothed
wheel A' on the axis of the rollor A has also gearing with it an inter-
mediate wheel F, and this wheel gears with a toothed wheel B' on the
axis of the lower roller B. The wheels A' and B' arc of equal diameter
so that they revolve at equal speeds. I prefer that the cylinder A should
be of slightly greater diameter than the cylinder B, or B larger than A,
in order to prevent the formation of folds in the fabric which is rolled
on the cylinder C, and also to give more lustre to the fabric. F, F, arc
links by which the axis of the intermediato wheel F is carried, so that
it may adapt itself to the rise and fall of the lower roller B, and always
remain in gear with both of the toothed wheels A' and B'. The bearings
of the lower roller B rest on the ends of the two weighted levers G,
which rest on pivots H, and at their opposite end are connected together
by a rod I. The pieces H, which form the pivots of the levers, aro
moveable, and can be set higher or lower as the variable thickness of
the roller C with the fabric wound upon it may require. On the ends
of the levers G are suspended weights G'. I prefer to suspend from each
of them four or five weights, cach weighing about 100 lbs., and the
levers I prefer to increase the upward pressure upon the roller B about
144 times. The amount of weight which should be placed upon the
levers will however vary considerably with the class of fabric which is
to be acted upon.
order that the weights G' upon them may be raised when it is desired
to relieve the roller B from pressure. The bearings K L, which receive
the axes at the opposite ends of the roller C are capable of moving up
and down to suit the thickness of the roller C with the fabric upon it.
When the machine is at work these bearings are also held between
adjusting screws, as shown, to keep the roller C in the proper position.
The bearing L is also held in place, as shewn at Figures 2 and 4, in such
manner that it can readily be taken off and put in again, so that the
roller C with the fabric upon it can readily be put in or taken out
A lifting apparatus is applied to the levers G in

page_text: from between the rollers A and B. The machine is worked in the
following manner. The fabric to be finished is wound around the roller C.
Several such rollers should be provided, so that the machine may be
kept continually at work when the fabric has been wound around a
cylinder C, a rolling cloth about 3 yards in length is put in between
the roll and the end of the fabric, and is also wound closely around
the roller C. The weighted levers G are then raised to move the roller B
away from the roller A, the roller C with the fabric upon it is then put
into its place in the machine between the rollers A and B; the access at
one end of the roller C is inserted into the bearing K, and the moveable
bearing L is then placed over the access at the opposite end of the
cylinder C, and is secured in its proper position. The machine is then
put into motion by moving the clutch lever either to one side or the
other, and at the same time the weighted levers are carefully lowered so
as not to subject the fabric on the roller C at once to the full pressure.
The rollers are put into motion in a direction to wind the cloth up
on to the roller C. When the roller C has thus been carried round for
a short time the motion is reversed. When the rolling cloth commences
to unwind from the roller C it is allowed to do so until it is nearly run
off altogether from it. The motion is then again reversed so that the
cloth is again wound around the roller C, and in this way the machine
is kept going until the fabric has been sufficiently acted on for the
first operation. The machine is then stopped by moving the clutch
lever into its intermediate position, and the roller C is taken out and
the fabric unwound from it and wound from the outside end on to
another roller C, and again treated as before. The goods will generally
require to be treated two or three times in this way before they are
completely finished. All kinds of goods, whether cotton, linen, woollen, or
silk, and whether dyed or undyed, may be treated in the manner above
described. They should be first moistened and prepared for mangling
or watering in the ordinary manner. The rolling operation will take
away the moisture, which of course must not be excessive, so that, pro-
vided the goods have been subjected to heavy pressure in the machine,
the goods come out dry and ready for use. For cotton and linen goods
which have no paste or other filling it is sufficient to sprinkle the goods
a little with water and allow them to remain for about from 24 to 48
hours, to become equally moist throughout, and they will then be ready
for the rolling operation.

page_text: Having thus described the nature of my Invention and the manner
of performing the same I would have it understood that what I claim
is,―
First. The finishing fabrics substantially in the manner hercin
described.
Second. The general arrangement or combination of machinery for
finishing fabrics substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Christian Thamsen, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of September,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy.