IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTS FOR DISTRIBUTING WATER OR LIQUID MANURE
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Isaac James, of Cheltenham, in the County of
Gloucester, Wheelwright, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CARTS FOR DISTRIBUTING WATER OR LIQUID MANURE."
Sealed the 16th June 1854, and dated the 17th December 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jsaac Jaines at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 17th December 1853.
I, ISAAC JAMES, of Cheltenham, in the County of Gloucester,
Wheelwright, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTS FOR DISTRIBUTING WATER OR LIQUID MANURE"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in an improved mode of constructing carts for
the above purposes, by which, when the cart is employed for the distri-
bution of manure, the solid substance of the manure is prevented from
entering into the body of the cart, and thus the choking of the holes,
which in the manure distributing carts as hitherto constructed renders
them objectionable, is by this Invention entirely obviated, and thereby
renders such cart equally applicable for the distribution of water, and
when used for such purpose it will be found considerably superior to
the watering carts as hitherto constructed, as by this Invention the

page_text: holes through which the water passes out are not liable to become
choked by any solid substance; and this is effected by the use and
employment of a double screen, or two sieves, placed one above the
other, and suspended from the cover of the cart, the holes or openings
in the upper screen or sieve (into which the manure is placed, and the
water passes through into the body of the cart,) being coarser than
those in the screen or sieve below, by which the liquid which passes
through the same becomes strained or filtered, and thereby arrests and
keeps back any solid substance, and constitutes "Improvements in Carts
for Distributing Water or Liquid Manure."
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Isaac James in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 17th June 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
ISAAO JAMES, of Cheltenham, in the County of Gloucester, Wheel-
wright, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
seventeenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Isaac James, Her special
licence that I, the said Isaac James, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Isaac James, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CARTS FOR DISTRIBUTING WATER AND LIQUID MANURE," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Isaac James, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal

page_text: Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Isaac James, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof (that is to say):-
My Invention consists in a new and peculiar mode of constructing
carts to be employed for distributing water and liquid manure; and the
object and intention of my said Invention is to render carts more efficient
for such purposes than heretofore, by constructing them in the following
improved manner:-First, as regards that part of a cart called the
"distributor (and through the perforations of which the water or liquid
manure passes), my improvement consists in forming such distributor
with a lid, to enable the inside of the distributor to be readily cleansed.
Another improvement in carts consists in the use and employment of
perforated plates of metal, or double screens or sieves, for the purpose of
straining the liquid manure through, and thereby preventing the refuse
or straw, &c., of the manure from entering into the body of the cart,
and choking the holes in the distributor. And lastly, another improve-
ment in carts consists in a new mode of connecting together the boards
which compose the body of the cart, the novelty consisting in employing
joint boards match'd, their points of junction being rendered water-
tight by a piece of hoop iron covered with brown paper and white lead
inserted into a groove or recess formed along the edge of each board.
And in order to explain my said Invention as completely as possible I
now proceed to describe the best means I am acquainted with for
carrying the same into practical effect, reference being had to the
illustrative Drawing hereunto annexed, and forming part of this my
Specification, and to the numeral figures and letters of reference marked
thereon respectively, as follows:-

page_text: through the line A, B, at Figures 1, and 2'; Figure 4' is. an. end
elevation of the above cart; Figure 5: is a detached portion, drawn
enlarged, shewing the mode of connecting together the joint. boards
which compose the body of the cart. At each of the foregoing Figures
I employ similar letters of reference to denote corresponding parts,.in
so far as such parts appear or can be seen at each of the Figures
respectively. A, A, is the body of the cart; B, B, the shafts ;. C, C, the
running wheels; D, D, the distributor; E, E, a door hinged thereto.
At Figures 1, 3, 4, F, G, are strainers; and at Figure 3, H, is a valve
for the escape of liquid manure or water from the body of the cart into
the distributor. I, is a vibrating handle, the fulcrum of which is a pin
at i; one end of this handle is connected to the välve rod K, and the
other and opposite end of said handle rests against one or other of the
hooks k, k, shewn at Figure 1, by which the valve II may be kept
more or less open. The construction of the body A, is as follows:-
The bottom of the said body is framed together as at Figure 2, and the
top of the cart is enclosed, excepting at the part X, Figures 3 and 4,
into which the strainers F and G, hereafter described, are placed, and
through which the water and liquid manure passes into the body of the
cart. The ends and sides of the cart are securely fixed to the top and
bottom thereof, and the whole is rendered water-tight in the following
manner-Instead of joining the planks of wood together in the usual
way, I connect them together as exhibited at Figure 5, where it will
be seen that the edges a, a, of the planks, aro matched, and have a
groove formed along the same, into which is inserted edgewise a piece
of hoop iron b, previously covered with brown paper and white lead;
and in this manner and by these means I make a perfectly water-tight
joint, and this applies also to the joining together of the planks com-
posing the other parts of the body of the cart, if desirable.. As regards
the construction of the strainers F and; G, before mentioned, it is.as
follows: The strainers are formed of zinc or other suitable metal,
pierced or perforated with holes, as exhibited at Figure 3. The holes
in the strainer F are about one quarter of an inch in diameter, and
those in the strainer G are about one eighth of an inch. diameter.
These strainers fit into each other and into the top of the cart, and are

page_text: furnished with handles for lifting them out when necessary. And as
regards the construction of the distributor, the door E thereof is formed
of zinc or other suitable metal about one quarter of an inch thick, hinged
and furnished with a bar e, and thumb screws f, for closing the lid, and
rendering it water-tight; and I would here remark that, if necessary, a
washer of vulcanized india-rubber or other suitable elastic material may
be placed. between the lid and the distributor, so as to surround the
opening thereon, and in this manner to render the same readily water-
tight, and by thus constructing the distributor it will appear evident
that it can be readily cleansed, and the holes thereby prevented from
clogging.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention of "Improve-
ments in Carts for Distributing Water and Liquid Manure," I would
remark, in conclusion, that what I claim is,-
Firstly, as regards the distributor, the constructing thereof with a
lid to enable it to be readily cleansed.
Secondly, the combination of two or more sieves for straining the
liquid as it passes into the body of the cart.
Thirdly, the use and application or employment of hoop iron covered
with brown paper and white lead in the manner and for the purpose
hercin-before particularly described, set forth, and represented by the
illustrative Drawing hereunto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Isaac James, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
Witness,
WILLIAM HARMER,
Lypiatte Street,
Cheltenhamn.
ISAAC JAMES. (L.S.)