IND IN THE MAD OF PARING ROAD
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Victor Léon Daguzan, of 2, Rue Sainte Appoline,
Paris, France, and of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Painter, for
the Invention of "INDRANKENTO IN THE MAD OF PARING ROAD'S AND
Sealed the 3rd June 1862, and dated. the 10th December 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Victor Léon Daguzan
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th December 1861.
I, VICTOR LÉON DAGUZAN, of 2, Rue Sainte Appoline, Paris, France, and
of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Painter, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF PAVING ROADS
AND OTHER PLACES," to be as follows: -.
My Invention consists in the superposition of two roads or ways, a lower
one formed of bituminous beton, and having the inclines and gutters
necessary for the running off of waters and detritus, the other above for
circulation, formed of slabs or flags prepared as herein-after described, and
supported horizontally on short posts or bearers; these flags have grooves or
hollows for giving a hold to the horse's feet, and narrow openings for carrying
off the detritus by the running waters. The flags or slabs are formed of large
cast-iron frames having cells; in which I apply and fix with bitumen paving

page_text: stones, either of sandstone, porphyry, granite, or other suitable stone, or wood
placed on end. The distance between the two roads may be more or less
great, as, for example, some feet, or several yards. In the first case tho space
.would be sufficient, so that by means of small slopes and water drivers the
detritus thrown on the upper road would be carried off by the orifices between
the flags into the gutters, and thence into the drains. In the second case, the
flags forming the upper road would be supported by walls, rafters, columns, or
other suitable means, so that the cleaning would be easily effected underneath
the upper way.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Victor Léon Daguzan in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 7th June 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, VICTOR
LÉON DAGUZAN, of 2, Rue Sainte Appoline, Paris, France, and of 4, South
Street, Finsbury, London, Painter, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Victor Léon Daguzan, Her special licence that I, the said Victor
Léon Daguzan, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Victor Léon Daguzan, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time, and
at all times thereafter, during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF PAVING ROADS AND OTHER PLACES," upon the-
-condition (amongst others), that J, the said Victor Léon Daguzan, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing, under
, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next, and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Victor Léon Daguzan, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to

page_text: be performed, to be' particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawing hereto
annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say:
My Invention consists in the superposition of two roads or ways; one
underneath composed of trenches or gutters made of beton, and covered with
bitumen, or other water-resisting composition, serving to conduct the water
and detritus into the drains, and sufficiently strong to support the upper. way
for the circulation of horses, carriages, and foot passengers. The upper road
or way is composed of slabs or flags placed horizontally side by side, with
spaces left at certain distances between them for the passage through them of
water, detritus, and other matters into the drains. These slabs or flags may
be of granite, or other stone or substance sufficiently strong and suitable for
the purpose. I prefer, however, using slabs made of cast-iron frames, having
cellular openings or spaces, in which are applied and fixed by bitumen or
other suitable substance, blocks of sandstone, porphyry, granite, or wood
impregnated or not with preservative substances. The distance between the
two ways may vary, thus, the upper road or way may be close to and be"
supported on parts of the lower road or way, provided with canals or con
duits for running off the waters, detritus, and other matters driven into the
drains by flushing, or by cleaning tools; or the distance between the two"
-roads or ways may be several yards, in which case the slabs or flags forming
the upper way are supported by walls, posts, columns, arcads, vaults, or, other
suitable supports; so that the cleaning may be easily effected, and at con-
venient times underneath the upper way. With this latter construction drains
may be placed in the centre of the lower road or way, which will render the
cleaning easy, and permit of placing tinder the upper way' water and gas
pipes, and telegraphic wires, which may be placed between the two ways; so*
that their keeping in order and repairing may be performed without stopping
the circulation, or very rarely.
In the annexed. Drawing represented, the first construction, Fig. 1;.shows
a vertical section of a lower road or way; Figure 2, a vertical section of the
lower road with 'the slabs or flags applied; and Fig. 3, a plan of the same,
partly covered with slabs or flags, which are represented separately in section
and plan, Figures 4 and 5.
"The under part or lower way is here composed of beton covered with a
waterproofing substance, in which long trenches or gutters a of a regular form
are made at equal distances apart, and separated by projecting parts b of equal
width, the two lateral projections 61 which rest against the footway being balf
the width of the projections: b. This construction.is.covered with slabs.or

page_text: flags cof granite, porphyry, or other stone, or of various substances. For
greater security I employ slabs formed partly of cast iron, and partly of stone
or wood, set edgewise, fixed by means of bitumen, as shown at Figures 4:
and 5, or in any other suitable manner. The slabs there shown are formed.of
a cast-iron frame C³, composed of a series of pieces forming cells, in which are
placed blocks of stone or wood c, in which are closely united together by.casting,
or by pressure, and by pouring bitumen into the joints. These slabs are of
such lengths as to prevent their longitudinal joints from coming opposite to
one another, or their extremities from resting always on the projections of the
lower way. These slabs c can have lateral projections c², or iron pieces of the
desired thickness to point out where the small regular spaces are to be left
between the slabs for the passage of the water and detritus driven by the, water
force placed at suitable distances to drive them into the drain made on this
road or way; conical openings may be also made, either in the middle of the
pavement or in its angles for the running off of the water. To facilitate: the
cleaning of the trenches or gutters a when the two ways are close together, as
here shown, I employ wrought-iron scrapers with a handle in the middle; the
scraper is introduced transversely through the joints between the slabs, and is
then turned round in the direction of the length of the gutters a, it thus
becomes easy by means of the handle to scrape successively the whole surface
of the gutters, and the forced currents of water drive all the detritus into the
drains. In the double way, separated by a large space, the cleaning is
very easy, the foreign matters falling through the openings in the upper way
on to the lower way, from which it is easy to push them into the drains, which
may be provided with tramways to facilitate the carrying away. of the matters.
To support and fix the slabs, besides their own weight, conical stone basements
may be fixed on the under soil, as shown at m, Figures 6 and 7; the slabs
should be made with notches n for receiving, these basements, by these means
relative positions will be secured.
--Having now-described the nature of my said Invention; and-the-manner in
which the same is to be performed, I do not confine myself to the precise
details of construction herein laid down, as the same may be varied; what
I claim is,-
First, the paving of roads by the employment of two roads or ways placed
one above the other, as herein-before described and represented in the
Drawing.
Secondly, the forming small spaces for the running off of water and detritus,
as herein-before described and represented.
Thirdly, the leaving a space between the ways to conduct the detritus into

page_text: the drains, either by channels or gutters, and forced currents of water, or by
having a large space between the two ways, so as to effect a complete and
speedy.cleaning of the upper way by means of currents of water, then of the
lower way by any convenient known means.
Fourthly, in the employment of slabs or flags having narrow spaces-between
them for the passage of water- and detritus, as herein-before described-and
shown in Fig..3 of the Drawing.
Fifthly, in the employment of cast-iron frames with cells containing blocks
of stone or wood, fixed with bitumen, or other analogous substance, to form
slabs for the construction of roads, as herein-before described & represented
in Figs. 4 & 5 of the Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Victor Léon Daguzan, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Sixth day of June, in the year of our Lord'
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
V. L. DAGUZAN. (L.S.)