Improvements in Arrangements Connected with Motor Engines and Apparatus Appertaining thereto which are Actuated by Anhydrous Ammonia.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 18th May, 1888
Complete Specification Left, 18th Feb., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 23rd Mar., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Arrangements Connected with Motor Engines
and Apparatus Appertaining thereto which are Actuated by
Anhydrous Ammonia.
We JOHN HEATON of 41 Corporation Street Manchester in the county of
Lancaster Civil Engineer and GEORGE HENRY HOLDEN of the same place, Civil
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this intention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to motor-engines which are actuated by anhydrous ammonia
and consists firstly in arrangements by which wo prevent loss or waste of anhydrous
aminonia arising from leakage from the joints or pipes or from other parts of the
apparatus.
According to the first part of our invention we place the cylinder or cylinders of
the motor engine, the holder or holders which contains or contain the anhydrous
ammonia by means of which the motor-engine is actuated and the various pipes by
which the anhydrous ammonia is conducted to and from the motor-engine, within a
closed tank or cistern, in which tank or cistern we also place the water or weak
solution of ammonia employed to absorb the "exhaust" anhydrous ammonia from the
motor-engine.
We so arrange the cylinder or cylinders of the motor-engine that while the said
cylinder or cylinders is or are enclosed in the tank or cistern before mentioned, the
piston rod or piston-rods and valve-rod or valve-rods pass through suitable stuffing
boxes formed in the top, side or sides or bottom of the tank or cistern and the
connecting rod or rods, and the excentric-rod or rods by which the valve or valves is
or are operated are outside the said tank or cistern. We provide the holder or holders
and pipes above mentioned with the various taps or stop-cocks necessary, which we
as far as may be possible, place inside the tank or cistern; the spindles of such taps
or stop-cocks passing through stuffing boxes formed upon the top, bottom or side or
sides of the said tank or cistern.
When the above described arrangement of motor-engine is employed for the
propulsion of a "tram-car" or tramcars or other conveyance or conveyances we place

page_text: the tank or cistern beneath the floor of the said tram-car or other conveyance or in
any other suitable position or the tank or cistern may be placed under the seat or
under the seats or in the side or other part of the tram-car or other conveyance or
in any other convenient position. In some cases we so form the contour of the tank
or cistern as to permit the crank-axle or other axle or axles to extend across from one
side of the said tram-car or conveyance to the other side thereof.
A further part of our invention relates to the pipes or tubes through which the heat
produced by the absorption of the "exhaust" anhydrous ammonia in the water or
weak solution of ammonia contained in the tank or cistern is conducted to the water
or weak solution of ammonia contained in the tank or cistern and thus to the anhydrous
ammonia contained in the holder or holders immersed in the water or weak solution
of ammonia before referred to and this part of our invention consists in formning such
pipes or tubes of a rectangular, triangular or oval section or of any section such
that a large amount of exposed surface may be obtained.
A further part of our invention consists in arranging pipes or tubes formed of any
of the above named sections in groups or side by side and causing the "exhaust
anhydrous ammonia and the water or weak solution of ammonia to be passed along
such pipes or tubes in a "zig-zag " direction.
11 1
11000

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Arrangements Connected with Motor-engines
and Apparatus Appertaining thereto which are Actuated by
Anhydrous Ammonia.
We JOHN HEATON of 41 Corporation Street, Manchester in the County of
Lancaster, Civil Engineer, and GEORGE HENRY HOLDEN of the same place, Civil
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
Our invention relates to motor-engines which are actuated by anhydrous ammonia
and consists in arrangements by which we prevent loss or waste of anhydrous
ammonia arising from leakage from the joints or pipes or from other parts of the
apparatus.
According to our invention we place the cylinder or cylinders of the motor-engine,
the holder or holders which contains or contain the anhydrous ammonia by means of
which the motor-engine is actuated and the various pipes by which the anhydrous
ammonia is conducted to and from the motor-engine within a closed tank or cistern
in which tank or cistern we also place the water or weak solution of ammonia
employed to absorb the "exhaust" anhydrous ammonia from the motor-engine. We
so arrange the cylinder or cylinders or the motor-engine that while the said cylinder
or cylinders is or are enclosed in the tank or cistern before mentioned the piston-rod
or piston-rods and valve-rod or valve rods pass through suitable stuffing-boxes formed
in the top, side or sides or bottom of the tank or cistern and the connecting rod or
rods and the excentric rod or rods by which the valve or valves is or are operated
are outside the said tank or cistern. We provide the holder or holders and pipes
above mentioned with the various taps or stop-cocks necessary which we as far as
may be possible place inside the tank or cistern, the spindles of such taps or stop-
cocks passing through stuffing-boxes formed upon the top, bottom or side or sides of
the said tank or cistern.
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When the above described arrangement of motor-engine is employed for the
propulsion of a tram car or "tram cars or other conveyance or conveyances we
place the tank or cistern beneath the floor of the said "tram-car" or other
conveyance or in any other suitable position or the tank or cistern may be placed
under the seat or under the seats or in the side or other part of the "tram car
or other conveyance or in any other convenient position.
A method of carrying our invention into effect is shown in the accompanying
drawings in which Fig. I is a vertical section Fig. 2 a vertical section taken on the
plane indicated by the line AA of Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 a plan of a portion of that
which is shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
The same letters of reference are applied to corresponding parts in all the figures.
a is a portion of a tank or cistern to which portion a is secured another portion a³,

page_text: the two portions a, a' together forming a tank or cistern B. Within the portion a
of the tank or cistern B we place the cylinders d, d' of a pair of motor-engines C. C¹
and we so arrange such cylinders d, d' that while the said cylinders d, d' are enclosed
in the tank or cistern B the piston-rods c.c¹ pass through stuffing-boxes c², c³
respectively which stuffing-boxes c². c³ are secured to the portion a of the tank or
cistern B. The crank shaft e, connecting rods f, f' and excentric rods g, g¹ by which
the slide-valves of the engines c. c are worked are situate outside the tank or cistern B.
Within the portion a' of the tank or cistern B we place the holder D which holder D
consists of two closed vessels h, h¹ connected together by pipes or tubes ². The
holder D is connected by a pipe k to a chamber k¹ which communicates with the
upper end of a passage formed on the side of the chamber k. The chamber ¹ is
secured to the bottom of the portion a of the tank or cistern B. One end of a pipe
communicates with the passage while the other end of such pipe communicates
by means of branch-pipes, with the valve boxes b, 6 of the engines C, C. The
valve rods o,o' connected to the slide-valves used in conjunction with the cylinders d,d',
respectively pass through stuffing boxes o²,03 secured to the portion a of the tank or
cistern B. The exhaust pipe m from the valve-box and cylinder d terminates at m¹
and the exhaust pipe m² from the valve-box 61 and cylinder d terminates at m³.
The terminations m³, m³ of the exhaust pipes m, m² are both within the portion a of the
tank or cistern B. The regulating valve n on the pipe by which the engines C. C
are "started," controlled and "stopped" is provided with a spindle n' which passes
through a stuffing-box n² secured to the portion a of the tank or cistern B. The
anhydrous ammonia by means of which the engines C. Care actuated is passed into
the holder D by means of the pipe h³ provided with a suitable tap or valve. The
tap or valve is provided with a flange which is bolted or rivetted to the tank or
cistern B so that a tight joint will be made. By means of the pipe at which is
provided with a suitable tap or valve as the tank or cistern B is filled either with
water or with a weak solution of ammonia, up to about the level indicated by the
line FF. The ammonia is conducted from the holder D by the pipe k, chamber k¹,
passage, pipe and branch pipes to the engines C, C respectively and after
actuating the engines C, C escapes from the exhaust pipes m. m² into the water or
weak solution of ammonia contained in the tank or cistern B. The absorption of the
"exhaust" ammonia from the exhaust pipes m. m² by the water or weak solution of
ammonia contained in the tank or cistern B will cause such water or weak solution of
ammonia to become heated and such water or weak solution of ammonia surrounding
the vessels, and pipes 2 will cause the anhydrous ammonia contained therein to
become heated and thereby assist in driving off the anhydrous ammonia in a gaseous
state from the liquid anhydrous ammonia within the vessels, and pipes h³.
Although we have above only described and shown in the accompanying drawings
the engines C, C, as being placed in a horizontal position, the said engines may be
placed in a vertical position, or in any other desired position. We have above referred
to a pair of engines being used and enclosed within the tank or cistern B but one or
more engines may be used and enclosed within the tank or cistern B as may be
desired.
By enclosing the cylinders d, d¹ and valve-boxes b, within the tank or cistern B
we are almost enabled to prevent any ammonia from escaping into the atmosphere and
so becoming wasted and causing annoyance.
When the water or weak solution of aminonia contained in the tank or cistern B
has become as nearly saturated with ammonia as is desirable such water or solution of
ammonia is removed from the tank or cistern B by means of the pipe a' which is
provided with a tap or valve a' and a further quantity of water or of weak solution of
ammonia is supplied to the tank or cistern B by means of the pipe a*.
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In the accompanying drawings engines arranged according to our invention are
shown as arranged for propelling a tramcar or like conveyance for which purpose
such engines are particularly applicable.
In the foregoing description of our invention and in the accompanying drawings
we have described and shown our invention as applied to motor-engines actuated by

page_text: anhydrous ammonia and employed for use in propelling "tram-cars or other similar
conveyances but we would have it understood that our invention may also be
applied to motor-engines actuated by anhydrous ammonia and used for other
purposes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what wo
claim is
The hereinbefore described arrangements according to which motor-engines
actuated by anhydrous ammonia are placed so far as may be possible, within the
tanks or cisterns containing the water or weak solution of ammonia employed to
absorb the "exhaust" ammonia from the said motor-engines.
3000