IMPROVE- MENTS IN WOOD-WORKING MACHINERY
Year: 1885

page_text: We, SAMUEL INGHAM, of Wellington Street, Leeds, in the County of York,
Timber Importer; WILLIAM ILLINGWORTH, of the same address and occupation;
and JOSEPH WILLIAM HAYWOOD, of Burley Lawn, Leeds, in the County of York,
Saw-mill Manager, do hereby declare the nature of our invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WOOD-WORKING MACHINERY, to be as follows:-
Our invention has reference to a novel method of working & moulding wooden
pilasters or other such rectangular or polygonal columns-by means of revolving
cutters of the requisite shapes.
The object of our invention is to cheapen the cost of production.
We accomplish our object as follows:-We give to as many cutters as may be
required the shapes necessary to form the particular outline to be produced. These
cutters are mounted and fixed on an axis-preferably horizontal-and are revolved
at the usual bigh speed requisite for wood-cutting.
The main framing of the machine which carries the revolving cutters is provided
with planed pathways-preferably horizontal-on either side, running in a line
transversely across the axis of the revolving cutters. On these paths is caused to
slide, backward and forward, across the cutters, an upper frame which carries the
Scantlings to be operated upon. This travelling frame is so formed that a number
of pieces of wood-preferably of the same scantling-may be arranged and held
parallel with one another and parallel also-when viewed from above-with the
longitudinal axis of the cutters. Viewed in a vertical plane the axis of the cutters
is approximately parallel either with the axis of the pilasters or with the side of
the finished pilaster. With the exception of a few inches at either end, which are
nipped by the clamps of the travelling frame-the whole of the lengths of the
Scantlings are left free to be brought into contact with the cutters.
When the travelling frame carrying the scantlings has traversed forward over
the cutters the underside of each of the scantlings will have been planed and
moulded to the outline of the required pilaster.
The clamps of the travelling frame are then unscrewed & each scantling is given
a turn over on to its next side. The frame is again traversed across the cutters,
and again the scantlings are turned on to their next sides, & so on until the full
number of sides is operated upon, & the pilaster completed.

page_text: The original squared ends grasped by the clamps serve throughout for guides to
keep the scantlings parallel & square to their work-a plate running across the
machine acting as a guide for the first scantling placed on the frame. A side guide
plate is also fitted for arranging the ends of the scantlings against.
The travelling frame is preferably fitted with a rising & falling arrangement so
as to permit a slighter or deeper cut to be taken according to the nature of the
wood to be operated upon.
From what has been shown it will be seen that any number of sides may be
acted upon although square and octagonal pillars will in general be preferred.
We do not bind ourselves to mount all our cutters on one axis-The same
machine may, if found desirable, carry two or more sets of cutter bars, the
travelling frame being traversed across them all in succession.
D1 AL
WILLIAM SNOWDON,
Agent for the Applicants.

page_text: Improvements in Wood-working Machinery.
We, SAMUEL INGHAM, of Wellington Street, Leeds, in the County of York,
Timber Importer; WILLIAM ILLINGWORTH, of the same address and occupation; ·
and JOSEPH WILLIAM HAYWOOD, of Burley Lawn, Leeds, in the County of York,
Saw-mill Manager, do hereby declare the nature of our invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WOOD-WORKING MACHINERY, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
Our invention has reference to a novel method of working and moulding wooden
pilasters or other such rectangular or polygonal columns-by means of revolving
cutters of the requisite shapes.
The object of our invention is to cheapen the cost of production. In order more
fully to explain our method of working we have annexed a drawing on which
Fig. 1. is a side sectional elevation, of our machine, whilst Fig. 2. is an end sectional
elevation, and Fig. 3. a plan of the same. The same letters refer to the same
parts or to their relative positions-in all the figures.
We accomplish our object as follows:-We give to as many cutters as may be
required the shapes necessary to form the particular outline to be produced. These
cutters are mounted or fixed on a horizontal axis A, and are revolved at the usual
high speed requisite for wood-cutting.
The main framing of the machine which carries the revolving cutters is provided
with planed horizontal pathways, on either side, running in a line transversely
across the axis of the revolving cutters.
On the drawing these pathways C. C. are shown on a separate piece B. B. which
forms 'a platform running round the upper part of the main framing, and this
platform may be raised or lowered by any suitable means; here shown fitted, at
the four corners, with racks and pinions, actuated by either hand wheel M, M.;
geared through worm and worm wheel M¹. This forms a mode of altering the
depths at which the cutters are to work, as referred to later on.
On these paths C. C. is caused to slide-backward or forward-across the cutters,
an upper frame D. which carries the scantlings to be operated upon-E. E. &c.
This travelling frame is so formed and mounted that a number of pieces of wood,
preferably of the same scantling, may be quickly arranged and held parallel with
one another and parallel also when viewed from above-with the longitudinal
axis of the cutters. Viewed in a vertical plane the axis of the cutters is
approximately parallel either with the axis of the pilasters or with the side of the
finished pilaster.
:
The advantage of arranging a pilaster side which has an extreme taper parallel
with the centre of the cutting bar would be that the speeds of the various cutting
points would be kept more nearly equal,

page_text: With the exception of a few inches at either end-which are nipped by the
clamps H. H. of the travelling frame-the whole of the lengths of the scantlings
are left free to be brought into contact with the cutters.
When the travelling frame carrying the scantlings has traversed forward over
the cutters the underside of each of the scantlings will have been planed and
moulded to the outline of the required pilaster.
The nuts F. of the travelling frame clamps are then unscrewed, whereupon the
springs G, underneath, lift & hold up the clamps H. H. clear of the scantlings;
each scantling is then given a turn over onto its next side; after the whole is again
clamped tight the frame is again traversed across the cutters; and again the
scantlings are turned onto their next sides, and so on, until the full number of sides
is operated upon and the pilaster completed.
A horizontal screw J. is arranged at each side to press the scantlings tightly
together longitudinally.
In cases when the sizes of the scantlings vary too much for them to act as guides
to one another squared iron shoes may be fitted over their ends, and the scantlings
wedged in-as shown at Figs. 7. & 8. which form an end view, and sectional
· elevation respectively. An angle plate K. runs across from side to side of the
machine, and acts as a guide for the first scantlings placed against it;-a squared
piece of wood K' is permanently bolted to this guide fence so as to protect the
cutters. A stop on the travelling path is arranged to prevent the cutters travelling
through the wood and against this end fence. A side angle plate L is also fitted
on one side as a guide for arranging the ends of a scantlings against-so that the
various mouldings may join properly on the several faces.
By the use of these fences, which form an important feature for rapidly
changing the scantlings, the original square ends grasped by the clamps serve
througout for guides to keep the scantlings parallel and square to their work.
The travelling frame or its pathway is fitted with a rising and falling arrang-
ment so as to permit a slighter or deeper cut to be taken according to the nature of
the wood to be operated upon. One mode of doing this has already been referred
to being set in motion by the hand wheel M.
We make the side angle plate L movable-and we so proportion its thickness
that when taken down from the higher level on which it is shown in Fig. 2. and
placed to suit shorter pilasters, as shown in Figs. 4 & 6, it just clears the cutter
bar below & stands up to the proper level to receive the scantling on its horizontal
member its vertical member forming the guide as before. The platform is arranged
to meet this double duty of this angle plate L.
From what has been shown it will be seen that any number of sides may be
acted upon, although square and octagonal pillars will in general be preferred.
When octagonal pillars are required and the bases are still square special packings
or special plates as shown at Fig. 5. are required to pack up with―relative
arrangments, for other polygonal forme, must, of course,
be made.
Of course where certain parts are to be left square and others made octagonal
either some of the cutters must be removed, or the travelling frame may be run
across another cutter bar to execute the octagonal work..
"
We do not bind ourselves to mount all our cutters on one axis-this more
particularly in case it was found expedient to get the cutting speeds faster or
slower according to the radius of the cutting points. The same machine may-
if found desirable-be made of any desired length, and fitted with two or more
sets of cutter bars; the travelling frame being traversed across them all, or any,
in succession.
The bolting, or otherwise firmly fixing down, of the cutter bars to the main
framing of the machines is so as to avoid a shake, which is fatal to good work.
The feed motion should be carried out entirely-where possible-by screw-
motions i.e. the irregularity of a common toothed wheel must be avoided. In
the machine shown the table is worked by the screw O, on which is mounted a

page_text: worm-wheel P. driven by a worm R whose shaft and small belt cone are driven
from any suitable countershaft.
In order to lessen any tendency that light scantlings may have to spring, when
under the influence of the cutters, we introduce a cross stay N. which may be
attached to the clamping gear of the overhead frame, as shown at Fig. 6.
In order to reduce, or prevent, chipping and tearing-we introduce a pressure
block as shown at T. which is fixed to a bar U. which forms part of the lifting &
lowering platform-piece B. B.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
1. In a wood-working machine for turning out square or other pilasters, the
combination of one or more horizontal cutter bars firmly bolted down to a heavy
machine frame, such frame being provided with planed pathways on each side,
with an overhead travelling frame (carrying the scantlings), so fitted and held
down as to move without shaking along such pathways, with the object & for the
purpose set forth, substantially as described herein, & as shown on the accompanying
drawing.
2. In a wood-working machine fitted as above described in claim I. the
additional combination, with the overhead travelling frame, of the two guide
fences L. & K. with the object & for the purpose set forth, substantially as
described herein, and as shown on the accompanying drawing.
3. In a wood-working machine fitted & mounted as described in claims 1 & 2.
the additional combination of the overhead travelling frame with the clamping &
fixing gear-viz-the clamps H, with their screws & springs F. & G., & the
screws J., with the object & for the purpose set forth, substantially as described
herein, & as shown on the accompanying drawing.
4. The use of squared shoes in connection with this pilaster machine, with the
object and for the purpose set forth, substantially as described herein and as shown
on the accompanying drawing.
5. The use of the stiffening plates N-in connection with this pilaster machine,
with the object & for the purpose set forth, substantially as described herein, and
as shown on the accompanying drawing.
6. The general arrangment of the machine, with the object and for the purpose
set forth, substantially as described herein, & as shown on the accompanying
drawing.
7. The arrangment whereby the plate L is made to do double duty, with the
object and for the purpose set forth, substantially as described herein, & as shown
on the accompanying drawing.