IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MASHING APPARATUS
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Arthur Ley Biden and William Vernon Biden
both of the Sea Horse Brewery Gosport in the County of Hants for an
Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MASHING APPARATUS
Communicated to them from abroad by Narcisse Pigeon of New York in
the United States of America
:
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Arthur Ley Biden
and William Vernon Biden at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents
on the 28th November 1882.
JAMES ARTHur Ley BideN and WILLIAM VERNON BIDEN both of the Sea Horse
Brewery Gosport in the County of Hants IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF MASHING APPARATUS a Communication to them from abroad by Narcisse
Pigeon of New York in the United States of America
This Invention consists of a new and improved form of mashing apparatus by
means of which perfect control over the temperature of the mash is obtained.
This improved form of mashing apparatus consists of an internal vessel in which
the mashing operation is effected by means of a horizontal stirrer or agitator and
this vessel is partially enclosed in another and larger vessel or jacket which
surrounds the bottom and sides but not the top and not necessarily the ends of the
internal vessel. Its ends may however if desired be more or less completely
surrounded by the external vessel. The external vessel is so much larger than the
internal vessel and is so jointed to it as to form a water tight case or jacket which
being filled or partially filled with water becomes a water bath the water in which
is heated by means of steam or in any other convenient manner. It is cooled
likewise by means of a stream of cold water and an overflow is provided so that
the hot water may flow away. This overflow is placed near the top of the external
vessel so as to keep it when it is in operation nearly full of water. By heating
and cooling the water in the water bath and by keeping the stirrers revolving at
a moderate speed perfect control is maintained over the temperature of the contents
of the internal vessel which are at the same time perfectly mixed or mashed

page_text: The best form of this apparatus consists of a half cylinder placed horizontally
surmounted by vertical sides extending rather higher than the other half of the
cylinder would have done if the cylinder had been a complete one. Thus if the
cylindrical portion is eight feet in horizontal diameter the semidiameter will be
four feet and the height of the vertical sides from four feet six inches to five feet.
The ends of this internal vessel are closed water tight and the shaft of the stirrer
passes water tight through a stuffing box at each end or through a stuffing box at
one end the other end being retained in place by a hollow step or journal in which
it works.
The external vessel may have either a square or cylindrical bottom and is made
so much larger than the internal vessel as to leave a space of several inches between
the two, this space constituting the water bath.
The stirrer consists of a horizontal shaft to which are affixed arms perpendicular
to the shaft and extending to within a very short distance of the sides of the
cylindrical portion of the vessel. Two or more of these arms are affixed to the
shaft at intervals and we prefer to affix four near each end and four more in the
middle of the portion of the shaft within the vessel. Rods extending to nearly
the whole length of the vessel are passed through holes in and affixed to these arms.
A sufficient number of these rods being so affixed as to produce the necessary
amount of agitation when the shaft is revolving at a moderate speed. The shaft
extends beyond one end of the vessels a sufficient length for the attachment of
driving gear.
Both the internal vessel and the water bath are provided with thermometers so
as to enable the temperature of their contents to be ascertained.
One or more pipes are affixed for the introduction of steam into the water bath
and one or more pipes are also affixed for the introduction of cold water into the
water bath. Again one or more pipes are affixed so as to allow the surplus water
to flow away to waste and to keep the water from overflowing the top of the water
bath. All these pipes may be most conveniently screwed into the plates which
close the ends of the water bath. Pipes may also be affixed to the internal vessel
for the introduction of steam directly into its contents.
Both internal and external vessels are made of metal plates and the most suitable
metals are wrought iron and copper.
The tops of the vessels formed by these metal plates we do not generally close by
metal plates but we prefer to enclose the whole external surface of the vessels in a
wooden box or chamber which prevents to a great extent the racliation of heat and
to the upper edge of this wooden box or chamber bearers are affixed and to these
bearers wooden covers of convenient size are hinged.
These covers are arranged so that they can be easily opened and shut and by
opening them and keeping the stirrer revolving the cooling of the contents of the
inner vessel can be greatly accelerated.
The operations to be carried out in the apparatus we have described are well
known and understood. We claim as the invention communicated to us the special
form of apparatus described.

page_text: -
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by.the said James Arthur Ley Biden and William Vernon Biden in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 28th May 1883.
JAMES ARTHUR LEY BIDEN and WILLIAM VERNON BIDEN both of the Sea Horse
Brewery Gosport' in the County of Hants "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF MASHING APPARATUS A communication to them from abroad by Narcisse
Pigéon, of New York in the United States of America:
This invention consists of a new and improved form of mashing apparatus by
means of which perfect control over the temperature of the mash is obtained.
This improved form of mashing apparatus consists of an internal vessel in which
the mashing operation is effected by means of a horizontal stirrer or agitator and
this vessel is partially enclosed in another and larger vessel or jacket. which
surrounds the bottom and sides but not the top and not necessarily the ends of
the internal vessel. Its ends may however if desired be more or less completely
surrounded by the external vessel. The external vessel is so much larger than the
internal vessel and is so jointed to it so as to form a water tight case or jacket which
being filled or partially filled with water becomes a water bath, the water in which
is heated by means of steam or in any other convenient manner. It is cooled
likewise by means of a stream of cold water and an overflow is provided so that
the hot water inay flow away. This overflow is placed near the top of the external
vessel so as to keep it when it is in' operation, nearly full of water. By heating
and cooling the water in the water bath and by keeping the stirrers revolving at
a moderate speed perfect control is maintained over the temperature of the contents
of the internal vessel which are at the same time perfectly mixed or mashed.
The best form of this apparatus consists of a half cylinder placed horizontally
surmounted by vertical sides extending rather higher than the lower half of the
cylinder would have done if the cylinder had been a complete one. Thus if the
cylindrical portion is eight feet in horizontal diameter the semidiameter will be'
four feet and the height of the vertical sides from four feet six inches to five feet.
The ends of this internal vessel are closed water tight and the shaft of the stirrer
passes water tight through a stuffing box at each end or through a stuffing box at
one end the other end being retained in place by a hollow step or journal in which
it works.
The external vessel may have either a square or cylindrical bottom and is made
so much larger than the internal vessel as to leave a space of several inches between
the two. This space constitutes the water bath.
The stirrer consists of a horizontal shaft to which is affixed arms perpendicular
to the shaft and extending to within a very short distance of the sides of the
cylindrical portion of the vessel. Two or more of these arms are affixed to the
shaft at intervals and we prefer to affix four near each end and four more in
the middle of the portion of the shaft within the vessel. Rods extending to
nearly the whole length of the vessel are passed through holes in and affixed to
these arms. A sufficient number of these rods being so affixed as to produce the
necessary amount of agitation when the shaft is revolving at a moderate speed.
The shaft extends beyond one end of the vessels, a sufficient length for the
attachment of driving gear.
Both the internal vessel and the water bath are provided with thermometers so
as to enable the temperature of their contents to be ascertained.
One or more pipes are affixed for the introduction of steam into the water
bath and one or more pipes are also affixed for the introduction of cold water into

page_text: .
the water bath. Again one or more pipes are affixed so as to allow the surplus
water to flow away to waste and to keep the water from overflowing the top of
the water bath. All these pipes may be conveniently screwed into the plates
which close the ends of the water bath. Pipes may also be affixed to the internal
vessel for the introduction of steam directly into its contents.
Both internal and external vessels are made of metal plates and the most
suitable metals are wrought iron and copper.
The tops of the vessels formed by these metal plates we do not generally close
by metal plates but the whole external surface of the vessels is enclosed in a
wooden box or chamber which prevents to a great extent the radiation of heat and
to the upper edge of this wooden box or chamber bearers are affixed and to these
bearers wooden covers of convenient size are hinged.
These covers are arranged so that they can be easily opened and shut and by
opening them and keeping the stirrer revolving the cooling of the contents of the
inner vessel can be greatly accelerated.
The operations to be carried out in the apparatus we have described are well
known and understood.
And in order that our said invention may be more clearly understood, reference
is hereby made to the accompanying Drawings:—
ட்ட
Fig: 1 is a sectional elevation of our improved apparatus, and Fig: 2 a plan of
the same.
a is the internal vessel, and 6 the external vessel-c is the axle passing through
the stuffing box f. d, d are the arms fitted to the axle c and revolving therewith.—
e. e are iron bars fitted to the arms d d. g is an outlet pipe for drawing off the
water from the vessel a. hh are pipes fitted to the end plates for passing steam,
hot or cold water, or other purposes
Other pipes and connections (not shown) are also fitted, to accommodate the
fitting of thermometers, indicators, steam and other pipes, for regulating the
temperature of the fluids contained in the two vessels
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we claim :-
The manufacture and use of the special form construction and arrangement of
mashing apparatus substantially as hereinbefore described and shewn on the
drawings 1 and 2.
In witness whereof we the said James Arthur Ley Biden and William Vernon
Biden have hereunto set our hands and seals this twenty fifth day of
May in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eighty three.