Improvements in the Manufacture of Stove tiles, Mouldings, Rosettes, and the like, and in Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 7th May, 1891-Accepted 13th June, 1891
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Stove tiles, Mouldings,
Rosettes, and the like, and in Apparatus therefor.
I, JOHN EBENEZER BOUSFIELD, of the firm of G. F. Redfern & Co., The
General Patent Office, No. 4, South Street, Finsbury, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agents, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (a communication
to me by H. Schultz, of 31, Bandelstrasse, Berlin, in the Empire of Germany,
Engineer) and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to the manufacture of stove-tiles, mouldings, rosettes, and
the like and to apparatus therefor, the object being to allow of the mechanical
manufacture of such goods by the employment of an equally stiff, so-called air-
dried material, either in the form of cakes or of powder. Heretofore in
manufacturing the tiles it has been the practice to separately complete the face
and the body or edge of the tile and then to secure the latter to the former by
means of soft clay, so that portions of clay of varying degrees of humidity are
made use of, and this gives rise to the disadvantage that the tiles during drying
and burning easily become warped, and then have to be subjected to a farther
supplementary treatment.
Now by this invention not only are the disadvantages above referred to obviated
by the use of a material having an equable degree of humidity, but the production
by machinery of stove-tiles and similar articles is rendered possible by the same
inasmuch as after the moulding is completed, as for instance in the case of a tile,
air enters beneath the latter so that the lifting of it from the mould can be
accomplished without difficulty.
According to this invention I treat an equably stiff so-called air-dried material,
of equal humidity all through, in the form of blocks or of powder, the moulding of
which is effected by pressure, care being taken that after the pressure has been
given, air shall be able to enter between the moulded article and the mould for the
purpose of easy removal of the former from the latter, the injurious effect of the
external atmospheric pressure being thus effectually prevented.
To enable the invention to be fully understood I will describe how it can be
carried into practice by reference to the accompanying drawing in which :-
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section:
Figure 2 a plan; and,
Figure 3 a front elevation of a machine for manufacturing stove tiles according
to this invention.
The mould in which the stove tile is pressed comprises the fixed mould A, the
movable ejector B surrounded by the mould, both of these being mounted in the
table C, and a divided frame D, serving to give the required form to the outer side
of the edge of the tile, arranged on the table C, the edges of which frame are
prolonged upwards, for the reception of the still somewhat loose raw material.
The opening of the divided frame D is brought about by pressure on the lever a
after the two sections of the frame or mould D have been disconnected by rotating
the levers b and c. By pressing down the lever d not only is the ejector B, which
connected with this lever, raised, but the air-valves e fixed in the cover of the
mould are also brought into action by means of the knee-lever f.
The method of manufacture of stove tiles by the improved machine is as
follows:
After the mould, composed of the matrix A, the ejector B, and the frames D has
been closed by turning the levers b and c outwards, it is charged with a sufficient
quantity of equably stiff, so called air-dried material in the state of cake or powder,

page_text: and the latter is pressed sharply into the mould by the action of the plunger E;
in the case of powdered material the latter must be previously rammed into the
mould by means of rammers. When the press-block has acted sufficiently, it is
raised again fully, the connection of the frame D of the mould is again severed by
pressing down the levers and c and the halves of the frame are brought by the
action of the lever a into the position shewn by the dotted lines, so that the finished
stove tile F is now free, and only rests on the mould A and the ejector B. To free
the tile F from the mould A. the lever d, which moves upward the ejector B which
is connected with it, is brought into action, and opens at the same time the air-
valves e, e upward, that is to say, against the tile plate. The valves e, e press
upward to a scarcely perceptible extent, and allow the air to squeeze in between
the tile and the mould so that at the moment of ejection the pressure of the
atmosphere, which rests upon the outer surface of the tile when the valves are
closed, is removed. By this means the so called suction of the tile on the mould A
is got rid of, so that the tile which is possessed of only a moderate amount of
stiffness can be raised from the mould A without injury to its shape. After the
removal of the tile F the mould is cleansed by means of a brush dipped in oil,
pushed down again by the lever a, and closed again by turning the levers and c
so that the two halves of the frame D are again strongly united, and the process
begins again as above described.
The tile thus produced from an equably stiff so called air-dried material by
pressure, possesses the important advantage over tiles made by hand that in drying
or firing no warping of the same takes place.
The pressed tile is more resistent than hand-made tiles, and possesses an
extremely clean, smooth, rectangular, and equal form.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1
claim is
1. The manufacture of stove tiles, mouldings, rosettes and the like by suitable
machinery such as that herein described in which equably moist so called air-dried
material, in the state of blocks or powder, is pressed or rammed into moulds which,
after the pressure is completed, are driven back, air being admitted between the
mould and the object, substantially as set forth.
2. The use for the manufacture of stove tiles, mouldings, rosettes and the like of
a mould provided with air-valves and a movable ejector surrounding the same in
conjunction with a divided frame which, when the mould has been charged, is
closed by means of levers, the connection of the divided frame, after the pressure
has taken place, being severed by depressing the said levers and the sections of the
frame being drawn apart by operating another lever, the ejector being then forced
upward and the air-valves simultaneously opened allowing the entrance of air
between the mould and the object, thereby facilitating the removal of the pressed
article from the mould, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to
the accompanying drawing.
3. In a machine for the manufacture of stove tiles, mouldings, rosettes and the
like the use of moulds furnished with air-valves opening against the object being
pressed, for the purpose of allowing an easy removal of the pressed object from the
pressure surface, either the mould being fixed and the ejector movable, or the
ejector fixed and the mould movable, substantially as hereinbefore described.
Dated the 7th day of May 1891.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.