Process for Compressing and Moulding Electrolytically Obtained Metallic Precipitates.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Jan., 1895-Accepted, 23rd Feb., 1895
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Process for Compressing and Moulding Electrolytically Obtained
Metallic Precipitates.
I, IGNATZ KLEIN of 34 Kerepesi-ut Budapest in the Kingdom of Hungary,
Inventor, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :--
This invention relates to the rolling of metallic deposits precipitated by galvanic
process, its object being to compress and mould such metal. The characteristic feature
of this rolling process is, that cathodes, having the form of rollers on which the
electrolytically-obtained metal is to be deposited, and which may be made of any
desired longitudinal profile during the formation of the deposit, are in co-operation
with straight or curved plates having corresponding profile, adequate pressure being
at the same time applied. In consequence of this procedure, the deposit takes the
form of a tubular body, whose longitudinal profile corresponds to those of the cathodes
and the roller-plate, such body at the same time attaining a high tensile strength.
With such a device, moreover, several roller plates having different profiles
may be simultaneously employed in one and the same electrolytic bath; the
number of tubular bodies to be simultaneously produced, however, depends on the
dimensions of the rolling device.
There are practically two kinds of tubular bodies, viz. those to be employed as
independent hollow bodies or tubes and those to be used as bodies with metallic
coating .e. where the deposit is to remain on the core or moulds as a metallic
coating.
For both kinds the mould or core consists essentially of a solid casing, frame, or
core provided with an easily fusible coating. The casing or frame of the core is
made of any suitable resistable material such as metal, wood, etc. and is either
solid (Fig. 1, a) or hollow. (Fig. 2.)
Long hollow cores are strengthened or made rigid by inserting a tube (a', Fig. 3)
or suitable cross-piece (b. Fig. 4) into same.
The ends of hollow cores are tightly stopped by plugs c (Fig. 6) provided with
spindles or journals d and metal contact-caps e. The cores or moulds are either
first covered with a suitable plastic substance, such as gypsum cement clay, papier-
maché, etc. or are directly coated with a layer of easily-fusible substance which
can be burnished and which is not affected by the liquid in the bath, for instance,
lead and its alloys, wax, stearine, paraffin etc. or compounds of same, according to
the kind of tubular body to be made; they are then given the form of the body to
be produced, their surfaces being at the same time made into conductors.
For producing the cores or moulds on a large scale, it is preferable to employ
the device shown in Fig. 13, which consists of two rails a secured exactly parallel
to each other on the bed K, between which rails the roller-plate c is situated:
further of the spindles j, j for each core-frame d and each spindle being provided
with a guide roller g sliding collar and adjusting screw b. In the first place the
core e of clay or the like is moulded on the inuer core frame d by rolling

page_text: backwards and forwards on the plate e, then burnt hard and finally covered with a
layer of tallow or grease; the rings are then put on the collars and the core
rolled backwards and forwards on the same plate e by means of a frame, until
finished. By employing several rings i of varying and increasing sizes, the core
may be covered with several concentric layers. Cores made in that way form the
roller-like cathodes.
The most important devices for nodifications of the devices for carrying out the
rolling process are shown in the following figures.
The simplest modification of the device is that shown in Figs. 7 and 8.
In a trough A containing the electrolytic bath, is mounted on supports g, the
roller plate made of glass porcelain or similar hard substances not affected by the
bath. Several cores are placed on this plate and mounted parallel in a frame in
such manner that their spindles d are journaled in slits entered from underneath, of
two oppositely-arranged ledges of the frame, so that the frame lying free on
the spindles can be readily raised from the cores.
The passing of the electric current from the negative pole of the source of
electricity or generator to the surfaces of the cores made into conductors, is
effected by the wire m' attached to the brushes / mounted on the frame and
secured to the contact caps e on the ends of the cores. Parallel to the frame of the
cores is the anode-plate p connected to the positive pole of the source of electricity
by the wire m.
As soon as the trough is filled with the liquid and the circuit closed, the frame
resting freely or carrying weights or otherwise put under pressure, is drawn
backwards and forwards between the anode and roller plate until the deposit has
formed in the required quantity and thickness on the cores, which should make
several revolutions during this rolling procedure.
The plate may be arranged in a horizontal or inclined position or at any
desired angle, and any desired number or form of the cores to be rolled simul-
taneously may be employed, so long as the plate is sufficiently large and of the
same longitudinal profile. (Figs. 5 and 9.)
Fig. 10 is a modification showing a multiple arrangement of the device shown in
Figs. 7 and 8, a series of plates and cores being arranged in one and the same
trough.
Figs. 11 and 12 show in longitudinal and cross-section a trough, in which any
desired number of rows of cores of any desired profile can be rolled in vertical
direction, the guiding of the frame being effected by rollers (Fig. 11) and the
pressing of the cores on the roller plates by elastic press-rollers. The pressing
of the frame may be also be effected by adjustable wedges, or in any other suitable
manner.
The anode plate, curved according to the generatrix of the core, may also be
mounted on the frame and receive the same movement as the latter (Fig. 12).
The plate instead of being straight may be concave; in this case the frame
guiding the cores must be made of like form.
Further the plate may be made in the form of a hollow cylinder and the frame
as a turn-table, as shown for instance in cross-section in Fig. 14. is the roller-
cylinder secured to end walls of the semi cylindrical receptacle a containing the
fluid, by means of the edging c; d is the turn-table in the receptacle a, such turn-
table carrying the cylindrical anode f and two plates e, one at each end; the
spindles of the cores are mounted in open slits in the periphery of the plates e. If
the turn-table is moved first in one and then in the other direction, or always in
the same direction, the cores being thus pressed on the roller-cylinder by centrifugal
force or in other suitable manner, the precipitate deposited on the cores will be
compressed in the same manner as described in connection with the foregoing
devices.
It will be evident, that the device can be constructed so as to operate in vertical
position.

page_text: Fig. 15 is similar to the modification shown in Fig. 14. The roller cylinder is
in this case vertically arranged in the centre of the trough, while the cores mounted
on a turn-table are rolled on the periphery of the roller cylinder and are pressed
against the cylinder, for instance, by springs g.
In the modification shown in Fig. 16, the cores are mounted in a rotary disc or
frame and radially to the axis of rotation of same. Several of such devices may
be arranged one above the other, their rotary discs being secured to a central shaft
common to all.
In Fig. 17 is shown a device for rolling the deposit on the inner and outer faces
of two hollow cores-the inner face by rollers w and the outer by plate p-a being
the inner and the outer anodes. Steel tubes and spirally coiled wire are
preferably employed as such cores.
It is preferable that all these devices are only worked at a moderate speed and
with a decreased pressure when commencing the operation.
The operation herein characterized by rolling can also be used for electro-plating
(electro-nickeling, electro-silvering etc.) by substituting the plates or cylinder by
corresponding burnishing device.
The advantages of the rolling process as against the known similar process
consist, besides the possibility of producing tubular bodies of good quality, form
and in any desired quantity by means of simple devices, therein that by the constant
agitation of the liquid in the bath layers rich in metal are constantly deposited on
the cathodes; that in most cases a minimum space and a minimum quantity of
liquid suffice; that by removing the air-bubbles adhering to the cathodes, the
generation of oxides and consequent excessive accumulations at any one part is
avoided and, finally, that the finished tubular body can be readily withdrawn from
the core by melting the coatings, without doing any injury either to the body itself,
or to the core or mould.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. Process for compressing and moulding electrolytically obtained metallic
precipitates, in which any desired number of cylindrical cathodes of any
longitudinal profile are rolled on correspondingly profiled, straight or curved
plates or faces in the electrolytic bath so long as there is any deposit formed,
substantially as described.
2. The employment of the process described in Claim 1 in connection with
electro-plating (electro-nickeling, electro silvering etc.) substantially as described.
3. For carrying out the process described in Claim 1, a device having one or
several frames, in which one, two, or more cores are arranged as cathodes-
according to the number of bodies to be simultaneously produced-and moved
backwards and forwards on a horizontal, inclined, vertical, or curved plate or face
until a deposit of the necessary strength has been rolled on the cores i.e. cathodes,
substantially as described and shown in the drawing.
4. A device of the kind described in Claim 3, in which the cores are hollow and
open at one or both ends, the precipitate deposited on the peripheries of the cores
being compressed by plates, and the precipitate deposited on the inner faces of the
cores, by one or several rollers connected to the frame, substantially as described
and shown in the drawings.
5. A modification of the device described in Claim 3, in which the frame or
frames are formed as turn-tables in whose periphery the cores are rotably and
adjustably mounted, whereas the rolling face is of the form of a firmly mounted
cylinder ou whose inner face (Fig. 14) or outer faces (Fig. 15) the cores are rolled
by the movement of the turn-table, substantially as described and shown in the
drawings.
6. A modification of the device described in Claim 3, in which the frame is

page_text: formed as rotary disc (Fig. 16) by the motion of which disc the cores mounted in
same radially to the axis of rotation are rolled on a horizontal plate, substantially
as described and shown in the drawings.
Dated this 9th day of January 1895.
HUGHES, ELI & HUGHES,
76, Chancery Lane, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.