IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING RAILWAY-CARRIAGES BY MEANS OF GAS
Year: 1884

page_text: I JULIUS PINTSCH, Engineer, of the firm of Julius Pintsch, of 72/73 Andreas-
Strasse Berlin O, Prussia, German Empire do hereby declare the nature of my
invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING RAILWAY-CARRIAGES
BY MEANS OF GAS" to be as follows :-
This invention relates to apparatus for heating railway vehicles by means of gas.
Hitherto it has not been found possible to effectually heat railway carriages by
means of gas, as the arrangements employed did not permit the regulation of the
warmth, so that in some parts of a compartment too much heat is produced whilst
in others the heat is insufficient, Moreover, the attention required by this
apparatus is considerable.
In order to obviate these defects I have provided apparatus of the novel con-
struction hereinafter described. This apparatus consists essentially of a casing
containing tubes through which the products of combustion from burners supplied
with gas are conveyed, whilst the air which comes into contact with the heated
surfaces of the said tubes is heated and conducted to the compartments.
The beating burners are supplied with gas in the manner already known in the
apparatus for lighting railway vehicles by means of compressed gas, an apparatus
for reducing the pressure being employed.
In carrying the said invention into practice I provide a casing arranged below
the frame of the carriage and lined with wood, felt or other non conductor for
preventing the radiation of heat; In the interior of the casing are arranged the
heating tubes. These tubes are provided laterally with projecting ribs or wings so
as to increase the heating surfaces thereof, The heat from the burners enters the
said tubes through funnel-shaped mouths, and, after passing through the said tubes,
passes upwards into the atmosphere. As fresh air which is continually entering
the said casing comes into contact with the exterior surfaces of the said tubes it is
heated, and passing through an opening at the top of the casing, enters, through
suitable pipes, the various compartments of a carriage; the temperature being
regulated at will by opening or closing the discharge passages for the air.
On the underside of the said casing is arranged a chamber which serves for the
reception of the gas burners. A door provided with an air admission tube having
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page_text: a protecting cap permits of access to this chamber. Before the air admission tube
is a plate, to prevent the air passing to the burner irregularly and to produce
simultaneously an equal distribution of the air in the said chamber.
The air to be heated enters the casing through a channel arranged on one side of
the casing and carrying a double mouthed funnel at one end. The said channel
communicates with the said casing through a number of perforations. In the said
funnel is a regulating plate capable of turning, and which, according to the
direction of the train, assumes such a position that the air can enter through the
said channel into the lower part of the said casing.
With a view to obtain a proper distribution of the fresh air in the casing
immediately below the heating tubes is arranged a perforated partition, under-
neath which the fresh air enters the casing. The holes in this partition are so
arranged that between every two ribs or wings of the heating tubes are one or
more holes, so as to compel the entering air to come into contact with the heating
ribs, whereby, an exceedingly complete utilization of the heat is effected.
The number or size of the burners requisite for heating depends upon the size of
the carriages to be heated and the temperature it is desired to produce therein.
The burners preferably employed each consist of a hollow metal casing which is
provided below with a chamber, into which the pipe for the admission of gas
extends, and in whose side are openings for the admission of air necessary for
combustion. The upper end of the metal casing is closed by a plate having ribs
projecting in such a manner that slots are formed which diminish in width
towards the top and through which. air and gas find their egress.
The openings for the admission of air are surrounded by a cylindrical sheet iron
guard above which, at a small distance therefrom is situated a protecting cap.
By this arrangement the air admitted to the burner is previously heated and a
direct current of the air obviated. The mixture of gas and air is further heated
by the thick walls of the metal casing to such an extent that the mixture of gas is
sufficiently heated to occasion a very perfect combustion of the gas.
It is evident that, in place of the described construction of the burner, other
burners can be used, although perhaps less advantageously. In like manuer, in
lieu of the ribbed tubes, other arrangements of known construction may be
employed through which the products of combustion from the burners are con-
ducted, whilst the fresh air which is to be warmed passes in contact with the
heated surfaces.
Dated thin 9th J
L
100
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
For the Applicant.

page_text: "1
I JULIUS PINTSCH, Engineer of the firm of Julius Pintsch of 72/73 Andreas-
Strasse, Berlin O, Prussia, German Empire do hereby declare the nature of my
invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING RAILWAY-CARRIAGES
BY MEANS OF GAS" and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to apparatus for heating railway vehicles by means of
compressed gas.
According to the methods hitherto proposed for heating railway vehicles by
means of gas ordinary gas stoves placed in the compartments, or foot warmers
heated with gas and arranged at the bottom of the vehicle have been employed.
With these means however it has not been found possible to effectually heat the
carriages, as the arrangements employed do not permit the regulation of the
warmth, so that in some parts of a compartment too much heat is produced
whilst in others the heat is insufficient. Moreover, the attention required by this
apparatus is considerable,
In order to obviate these defects I have provided apparatus of the novel
construction hereinafter described.
This apparatus which I term a "calorifere" consists essentially of a casing
containing tubes through which the products of combustion from burners supplied
with gas are conveyed, whilst the air which comes into contact with the heated
surfaces of the said tubes is heated and conducted to the compartments.
The heating burners are supplied with gas in the manner already known in the
apparatus for lighting railway vehicles by means of compressed gas, an apparatus
for reducing the pressure being employed.
In the accompanying drawing
Figures 1 and 2 are side and end views of a railway carriage, which is provided
with heating apparatus, constructed according to this invention.
Figures 3, 4, and 5 are an elevation, plan, and side view illustrating the special
construction and arrangement of the calorifere.
Figures 6, 7, 8 are an elevation, vertical section and plan respectively of the
heating burner, and
Figure 9 is a horizontal section through the lower portion of the burner.
The calorifere represented in Figures 3 to 5 consists essentially of the casing A
arranged below the frame of the carriage and lined with wood, felt or other non
conductor for preventing the radiation of heat. In the interior of this casing are
arranged the beating tubes P. These tubes are provided with laterally projecting
ribs or wings so as to increase the heating surfaces thereof. The heated gases from
the burners G enter the said tubes through funnel-shaped mouths D, and after
passing in the direction of the arrows Figure 3 escape through the tube C into the
atmosphere. As fresh air which is continually entering the casing A comes into
contact with the exterior. surfaces of the said tubes it is heated, and passing
C

page_text: through an aperture M at the top of the casing enters through the pipes U, the
various compartments of the carriage; the temperature in the latter being regulated
at will by opening or closing the discharge passages for the air.
On the underside of the casing A is arranged a chamber E, which contains the
gas burners G. A door provided with an air admission tube J having a protecting
cap H permits of access to this chamber E. Before the air admission tube J in the
interior of the chamber E is a plate K to prevent the air passing to the burner G
irregularly, and to produce simultaneously an equal distribution of the air in the
said chamber.
The air to be heated enters the casing through a channel L arranged on one side
of the casing A and carrying a double mouthed funnel N at one end. The said
channel communicates with the said casing through a number of perforations b.
In this said funnel is a regulating plate capable of turning, and which, according
to the direction of the train, assumes such a position that the air enters through
the channel L into the lower part of the calorifere.
With a view to obtain a proper distribution of the fresh air in the casing A,
immediately below the tubes P is arranged a perforated partition a underneath
which the fresh air enters the casing A. The holes in this partition are arranged
as indicated in Figure 4, so that between every two ribs or wings of the heating
tubes P there are one or more holes, thereby compelling the entering air to come
into contact with the heating ribs, whereby, an exceedingly complete utilization of
the heat is effected. This arrangement is very advantageous as only a small space
is available underneath the carriage, and consequently the dimensions of all parts
must be reduced to a minimum.
The number or size of the burners requisite for heating depends upon the size of
the carriage to be heated and the temperature it is desired to produce therein.
The burner preferably employed is illustrated in Figures 6 to 9, and consists of a
hollow metal casing G which is provided at its lower end with a chamber, into
which the pipe F for the admission of gas extends, and in the side of which are
openings for the admission of the air necessary for combustion. The upper end
of the casing G is covered by a conical plate w having ribs t projecting in such a
manner that slots d are formed which diminish in width towards the top, and
through which air and gas find their egress.
The openings for the admission of air are surrounded by a cylindrical sheet
iron guard above which, at a small distance therefrom, is situated a protecting
cap 8. By this arrangement the air admitted to the burners is previously heated
and a direct current of the air obviated. The mixture of gas and air is further
heated by the thick walls of the metal casing G to such an extent as to occasion a
very perfect combustion of the gas.
It is evident that, in place of the described construction of the burner; other
burners can be used, although perhaps less advantageously. In like manner in lieu
of the ribbed tubes other arrangements of known construction may be employed
through which the products of combustion from the burners are conducted, whilst
the fresh air which is to be warmed passes in contact with the heated surfaces.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
First. For heating railway vehicles by. means of gas, the employment of apparatus
consisting of a casing placed below the vehicle and provided with tubes around
which the air for heating the interior of the vehicle passes and one or more gas
burners, the said tubes being heated by the products of combustion from the said
burner or burners, passing through the said tubes.
Second. The employment of a horizontal perforated partition a underneath the
heating tubes, the perforations being arranged in such a manner that the fresh air
passing throu h them comes in contact with laterally projecting ribs or wings on
the heating tubes,

page_text: Third. The burner consisting essentially of the casing G, the tube F for the
admission of the gas, openings h for the entrance of the air, the guard r, the cap 8
and the conical upper part w which with the ribs t forms slots constituting the
discharge openings d of the burner.