Improvements in Ozone Apparatus.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 26th May, 1891
Complete Specification Left, 10th Feb., 1892-accepted, 19th Mar., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by Messrs. SIEMENS & HALSKE, of 94, Markgrafenstr.,
Berlin, in the Empire of Germany.]
Improvements in Ozone Apparatus.
We, SIEMENS BROTHERS & Co., LIMITED, of 12 Queen Anne's Gate,
Westminster, Middlesex, Electrical Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in tubes or apparatus for ozonising air
and gases, which improvements have reference firstly to the electrical arrangement,
secondly to the nature of the dielectric layers and thirdly to the construction of
such apparatus.
The electrical arrangement of such apparatus as heretofore employed consisted
in interposing between two conducting coatings charged with electricity of opposite
sign, one or two dielectric layers and the layer of gas to be ozonised.
By the change of the charges on the first named coatings, there were produced
in the layer of gas electrical discharge currents leading directly from the one
couting to the other. If the ozone tube was of cylindrical form, it was necessary
to provide for the internal coating which was covered by the dielectric layer, a
conducting connection to the outside, whereby defects were caused, more particularly
in the insulation.
To obviate these defects there is employed according to this invention an
electrical arrangement whereby both the electric coatings are situated outside or on
the same side of the dielectric laver.
For this purpose a third conducting body must be employed which is situated
on the other side of the dielectric layer and is insulated, having no connection with
the coatings.
According to one arrangement for this purpose, the dielectric layer is made flat
and has the two electric coatings on the outer side, a certain distance from each
other, and separated by an insulating shield fixed to the dielectric layer. At a
small distance from the inner side of the dielectric layer is an insulated metal plate.
Thus currents will pass from the part of the dielectric layer below the one
electric coating through the narrow space in which the gas to be treated is situated,
to the insulated metal plate, and from this back through the said layer of gas to
the part of the dielectric layer beneath the second electric coating.
According to another arrangement, the dielectric layer is inade tubular, the
electric coatings on the outer surface thereof being cylindrical and placed at each
end thereof and separated by a circular insulating shield, while the insulated metal
body is formed as a cylindrical core within the tube, with a narrow annular space
between the two in which the gas is situated.
According to another modification of the last described arrangement, the two
electric coatings are placed on diametrically opposite portions of the dielectric
tube, and the latter has two diametrically opposite insulating shields extending
parallel with its axis between the two coatings, while the insulated metal body is
formed as a cylindrical core as before.
The dielectric body was heretofore made almost exclusively of glass or talc.
According to the present invention there are employed in addition to these.
bodies, in particular for large ozone tubes, all other suitable nonconducting bodies,
such as porcelain, earthenware, gelatine enamel, wood and paper saturated with
insulating material, papier-maché, celluloid, gutta percha, caoutchouc, vulcanite.
With those bodies that are attacked by ozone, the surfaces exposed thereto are.
coated with paraffine mixed with wax or other cementitious body.

page_text: By this means great lightness and reliableness of construction are obtained, and
the breakable nature of the present ozone tubes is avoided, in addition to which a
more effective action is obtained.
The following is the construction of ozone tubes employed by preference for the
purposes of this invention. Within a metal tube, whose outer surface is coated
with a metal, such as tin, that will not readily oxidise, are soldered at a certain
distance from each end, two metal dises, and respectively above and below these
discs a row of perforations are formed in the walls of the tube. Surrounding the
outer surface of the tube is a cylindrical casing composed of two pairs of vulcanite
rings in grooves of which are secured two cylinders of dielectric material such as
above mentioned the two outermost vulcanite rings being made to fit tightly
against the metal tube at a point beyond the beforementioned perforations, so that
these communicate with the narrow annular chamber formed between the outer
surface of the metal tube and the inner surfaces of the two dielectric cylinders. On
the outer surfaces of the latter are fixed the electric coatings.
The ends of the inner metal tube being closed by discs, so as to form closed
chambers between them and the before mentioned internal discs, the gas or air to be
ozonised is introduced through a pipe into one of these chambers, whence it passes
through the lateral perforations into the narrow annular chamber between the tube
and the outer jacket; it then flows along this chamber, at the other end of which
it passes through the second set of perforations into the chamber at the other end
of the inner tube, whence it flows off through a discharge pipe.
The central space
in the inner tube between the two soldered discs may be utilised for the circulation
of water for cooling the apparatus.
The metal tube is, according to one arrangement, connected to one pole of the
source of electricity and the two outer metallic coatings with the other pole. Or
the metal tube may be insulated and the two poles of the electric circuit be
connected respectively with the two, outer metal coatings as previously described.
The outer casing may either be made entire or it may be divided longitudinally
into two halves for facility of mounting and dismounting, and for enabling the
luminosity of the air space to be observed by removing the one half of the casing.
The above construction can also be varied by fixing the dielectric cylinder directly
upon the inner metal tube, in which case the outer casing is. constituted by the
outer metallic coatings held by the vulcanite rings.
Dated this 26th day of May 1891.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Ozone Apparatus.
We, SIEMENS BROTHERS & Co., LIMITED, of 12 Queen Anne's Gate,
Westminster, Middlesex, Electrical Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in tubes or apparatus for ozonising air
and gases, which improvements have reference firstly to the electrical arrange-
ment, secondly to the nature of the dielectric layers and thirdly to the construction
of such apparatus.
The electrical arrangement of such apparatus as heretofore employed consisted
in the interposing between two conducting coatings charged with electricity of
opposite sign, one or two dielectric layers and the layer of gas to be ozonised.
By the change of the charges on the first named coatings, there were produced
in the layer of gas electrical discharge currents leading directly from the one
coating to the other. If the ozone tube was of cylindrical form, it was necessary
to provide for the internal coating which was covered by the dielectric layer, a

page_text: conducting connection to the outside, whereby defects were caused, more particularly
in the insulation.
To obviate these defects there is employed according to this invention an
electrical arrangement whereby both the electric coatings are situated outside or
on the same side of the dielectric layer. For this purpose a third conducting body.
must be employed which is situated on the other side of the dielectric layer and is
insulated, having no connection with the coatings.
We will describe various arrangements for carrying out the said invention with.
reference to the accompanying drawing. In the arrangement shown in section and
plan at Figs. 1 and 14, the dielectric plate c has two electrically conducting
coatings a and b which are separated from each other by an insulating partition d;
at the under side of c is the metal plate m, which is consequently insulated from"
the plates a and b, so that electric discharges take place from the parts of c
opposite a to the corresponding part of' m, and from the latter to the part of c
opposite b.
Figs. 2 and 24 shew the same parts arranged in cylindrical form, the metal
cylinder m being concentrically within the dielectric cylinder c and the cylindrical
metal coating separated by the insulating disc . With the cylindrical con-
struction, the insulating shield d can also be arranged in the direction of the,
cylinder axis ou each side of the dielectric cylinder c, as shewn at Figs. 3 and 34,
the metal plates a and b being in that case placed longitudinally on opposite'
sides of c.
The dielectrics heretofore employed have been almost exclusively glass and mica.
According to the present invention there are employed, in addition to these bodies,
in particular for ozone tubes of large size, all other insulating bodies, in particular
porcelain, earthenware, gelatine, enamel, wood or paper, saturated with insulating
material, papier maché, celluloid, gutta percha, caoutchouc or ebonite. Those
materials that are attacked by ozone may be advantageously protected by being
coated with paraffin to which wax or some other cementitious material is added.
By the above means great lightness and reliableness of construction are obtained
and the breakable nature of the present ozone tubes is avoided in addition to which
a more effective action is obtained.
:
}
We will proceed to describe the practical construction of ozone tubes according
to this invention with reference to Figs. 4 and 4 of the drawings, which shew'
A metal tube or
respectively a vertical section and a sectional plan of the same.
cylinder m, which is coated with tin or other not readily oxidisable metal, has fixed
within it by soldering two metal discs, and respectively above and below these
discs a number of holes ff' are formed in the sides of the cylinder. The spaces in
the cylinder beyond the discs are closed by covers into which enter tubes
Surrounding the tube mare fitted ebonite rings having circular grooves into
which fit cylindrical casings cc' of dielectric material, such as above mentioned,
The entire
and on the outer surfaces of these casings are fixed metal coverings a b.
structure composed of ebonite rings and casings of dielectric material forms a
jacket tightly fitting round the metal tube, and the middle rings are formed
with longitudinal grooves on their inner surface, forming channels through which
the two annular spaces between the jacket and the tube can communicate with
each other. The air or other gas to be ozonised is introduced through pipe » into
the chamber whence it passes through the holes finto the annular
outside
the tube m, and after flowing down through such space it passes through the
holes into the chamber whence it flows off through pipe . The middle
space in the tube m can be used for causing cooling water to flow through the
same entering through pipes and flowing off through pipe s'. The metal tube mis,
for the simplest case, connected to the one pole of the source of electricity, while
the outer metal covering abis connected with the other pole; the electric currents
then flow across the annular space in the direction indicated by the dotted lines.
Other electrical connections may however be adopted, as indicated above.
space
Instead of entire rings of ebonite and cylinders of dielectric material, half rings

page_text: and cylinders may be employed which can be fitted on laterally instead of being
slid over the end of the tube m, and thus affording the advantage that the said parts
can be removed and replaced without necessitating the disturbance of the other
parts of the apparatus. The construction with half jackets is particularly of
advantage for observing the luminosity of the air space which can be readily.
observed by removing the one half jacket only.
As the position of the dielectric layer between the two metal layers is immaterial,
it could also be placed directly upon the tube m, in which case the jacket only
consists of the outer metal covering a b
The mode in which the air or gas and the cooling water are made to flow through
the apparatus is immaterial.
The principal advantages of the above described constructions of ozone apparatus
are as follows:-
1. They enable ozone tubes to be constructed of any desired size.
2. All kinds of dielectric materials can be employed.
3. The construction is of ample strength, and the weaker parts, such as the
jackets, can be readily removed and replaced by new ones.
4. The construction enables each metal surface to be readily tested as to whether
the enclosed gas space has the requisite luminosity for producing a strong formation
of ozone.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that
what we claim is :-
1. In ozone apparatus of the kind herein referred to, arranging the conducting
surfaces, preferably separated by an insulating shield, on one and the same side of
the dielectric layer, in combination with an insulated conducting body on the other
side of the dielectric layer, so situated relatively to the said conducting surfaces,
that the quiescent electric discharges from the one to the other is effected
across a space through which the gas to be ozonised flows, substantially as herein
described.
2. The construction of ozone apparatus such as is referred to in the first claim,
consisting of two dielectric jackets ce' each having a conducting covering a b, and
secured together in a separable manner by insulating rings kk', within which
jackets is an insulated metal tube m so arranged that between this and the dielectric
layer an annular space is formed through which the gas to be treated flows, while
a current of cooling liquid can be made to circulate through the interior of the
metal tube, substantially as described with reference to the drawing.
Dated this 10th day of February 1892.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicants.