IMPROVE- MENTS IN VENTILATING BUILDINGS, CARRIAGES, AND OTHER STRUCTURES."
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Edward Ellison, of 23, Park Cross Street, Saint
Paul's Street, Leeds, in the County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN VENTILATING BUILDINGS, CARRIAGES, AND OTHER STRUCTURES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Edward Ellison at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th March 1877.
"
JAMES EDWARD ELLISON, of 23, Park Cross Street, Saint Paul's Street, Leeds, in the
County of York. IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING BUILDINGS, CARRIAGES, AND
OTHER STRUCTURES,"
This Invention has for its object to form a ventilator to allow of the entrance and
exit of air into buildings, carriages, and other structures without draught and
partially warmed. For this purpose I form the tube box or other air passages to
the interior of a building of a tapering form, so that the opening into the building
shall be larger than that on the outside, and the tube or passage gradually expand
as it enters the building, carriage, or other structure, whereby more play is given to
the incoming air, and the force of the current will not be felt.
The warming is effected by having in the air passages one or more intermediate
chambers formed of perforated metal, wire gauze, or other material, so that the air
shall be detained in its passage and warmed by passing through the partitions.
The air tubes, boxes, or passages may be of wood, metal, or other suitable
material.
Air bricks or blocks may also have tapering air passages formed through them,
wider at one end than the other, as above described.

page_text: .
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Edward Ellison in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 7th
September 1877.
JAMES EDWARD ELLISON, of 23, Park Cross Street, Saint Paul's Street, Leeds, in the
County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING BUILDINGS, CARRIAGES, AND
OTHER STRUCTURES,”
This Invention has for its object an improved method for the admission and
discharge of air into and from buildings, carriages, and other structures without
draught or any unpleasant current, and also with the object of equalizing the tem-
perature of the air admitted to that inside the building. I propose to do this by
making the hole, tube, box; slit, or other connection between the outside and the
inside of the building, carriage, or other structure, of a tapering form, somewhat after
the shape of a cone, so that the inside opening shall be larger than the outside.
My different methods are,-
Firstly. To perforate wood, metal, bricks, or other material with holes or slits of
any size or shape, so that the opening on one side shall be larger than the opening
on the other side, and shall have the connection between of a tapering form; this
may be used as a skirting cornice, or for the admission of fresh air under the seats
of carriages, schools, and other buildings, as shewn in Figures 1; 2, 3, and 4, or in
any other way, as required.
Figures 1, 2, and 3 represent a piece of wood perforated in this way. Figure 1
shews the inside; Figure 2, the outside; Figure 3, a cross section; and A, the
holes.
Figure 4 shews the mode of using under seats. C, the scat; B, the air entrance;
and A, the perforations of the shape named.
Secondly. I form a tube, box, slit, or aperture in the wall, door, window, or other
place of a tapering form, so that the inside opening shall be larger than the outside,
as shown in Figures 5, 6, and 8.
Figure 8 represents a tube for the egress of vitiated air from the roofs of buildings.
A, the tube of the shape described herein for carrying off the air; B, the "cowl"
or hood for protection from rain or snow, supported by stays or brackets b, b ; C, the
opening between the tube and the hood for the exit of the air.
Thirdly. I propose to convey the fresh air either direct from the outside, or after
having warmed it, by suitable apparatus to pass it by means of air channels, shafts,
or tubes to the rooms or buildings where it is required, and then to discharge it in
the manner described before.
Fourtly. With a view to equalizing the temperature of the air admitted to that
inside the room, I propose when desired to insert in all ny ventilators one or more
intermediate chambers, which I construct of a frame of wood or other material, with
* sides of perforated zinc, wire gauze, or other perforated substance, with the space
between filled in with charcoal or any porous non-conducting material. Figure 7
⚫ shows one of these frames intended to fit at A, Figure 6. c is the wood frame;
a, the perforated zinc; b, the non-conducting material. The inside and outside
openings of all these ventilators, when it is found necessary, may be protected from
. rain, dust, smuts, or any solid particles by a covering of perforated metal or other
porous material, or from too great a quantity of air entering by suitable valves or
doors.
In conclusion I wish it to be understood that I do not confine or bind myself to
the exact limits, details, shape, or size of the parts described herein, as the same may
of course be varied or modified according to circumstances without in any way
departing from the nature of my Invention; what I claim and desire to be secured
to me by Letters Patent are,-
Firstly. The form of aperture, larger on the inside than on the outside, with a
tapering connection between.

page_text: Secondly. The intermediate chamber for the equalizing of the temperature, as
shewn in Figure 7.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Edward Ellison, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twentieth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
JAS. EP. ELLISON. (L.S.)

page_text: This Specification was, upon the 7th day of October 1887, amended under
Sections 18 to 21 of the Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks Act, 1883.
[LETTERS PATENT to James Edward Ellison, of 23, Park Cross Street, Saint
Paul's Street, Leeds, in the County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN VENTILATING BUILDINGS, Carriages, and other Structures."]
[Sealed the 12th June 1877, and dated the 8th March 1877.]
[PROVISIONAL, SPECIFICATION left by the said James Edward Ellison at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th March 1877.]
JAMES EDWARD ELLISON of 23 Park Cross Street Saint Paul's Street Leeds in the
County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING BUILDINGS CARRIAGES AND
OTHER STRUCTURES.”
This Invention has for its object to form a ventilator to allow of the entrance and
exit of air into buildings carriages and other structures without draught and
partially warmed. For this purpose 1 form the tube box or other air passages to
the interior of a building of a tapering form so that the opening into the building
shall be larger than that on the outside and the tube or passage gradually expand
as it enters the building carriage or other structure whereby more play is given to
the incoming air and the force of the current will not be folt.
The warming is effected by having in the air passages one or more intermediate
chambers formed of perforated metal wire gauze or other material so that the air
shall be detained in its passage and warmed by passing through the partitions.
The air tubes boxes or passages may be of wood metal or other suitable
material.
Air bricks or blocks may also have tapering air passages formed through them
wider at one end than the other as above described.

page_text: [SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Edward Ellison in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 7th
September 1877.]
JAMES EDWARD ELLISON of 23 Park Cross Street Saint Paul's Street Leeds in the
County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING BUILDINGS, CARRIAGES AND
OTHER STRUCTURES."
This Invention has for its object an improved method for the admission and
discharge of air into and from buildings carriages and other structures without
draught or any unpleasant current, and also with the object of equalizing the tem-
perature of the air admitted to that inside the building. I propose to do this by
making the hole tube box slit or other connection between the outside and the
inside of the building carriage or other structure of a tapering form somewhat after
the shape of a cone so that the inside opening shall be larger than the outside.
My different methods are
Firstly. To perforate wood metal bricks or other material with holes or slits of
any size or shape so that the opening on one side shall be larger than the opening
on the other side and shall have the connection between of a tapering form; this
may be used as a skirting, cornice or for the admission of fresh air under the seats
of carriages schools and other buildings as shewn in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 or in
any other way as required.
Figures 1, 2 and 3 represent a piece of wood perforated in this way. Figure 1
shews the inside; Figure 2 the outside; Figure 3 a cross section and A the
holes.
Figure 4 shews the mode of using under seats, C the seat, B the air entrance
and the perforations of the shape named.
Secondly. I form a tube box slit or aperture in the wall door window or other
place of a tapering form so that the inside opening shall be larger than the outside
as shown in Figures 5, 6 and & 6.
Figure represents a tube for the egress of vitiated air from the roofs of buildings,
A the tube of the shape described herein for carrying off the air; B the "cow!"
or hood for protection from rain or snow supported by stays or brackets b, b÷-C the
opening between the tube and the hood for the exit of the air.
Thirdly. I propose to convey the fresh air either direct from the outside or after
having warmed it by suitable apparatus to pass it by means of air channels shafts
or tubes to the rooms or buildings where it is required and then to discharge it in
the manner described before.
Fourtly. With a view to equalizing the temperature of the air admitted to that
inside the room I propose when desired to insert in all my ventilators one or more
intermediate-chambers which I construct of a frame of wood or other material with
sides of perforated zine, wire gauze or other perforated substance with the space
between filled in with charcoal or any porous non conducting material. Figure 7
shows one of these frames intended to fit at A Figure 6; c is the wood frame;
-the perforated zine, & the non conducting material. The inside and outside

page_text: openings of all these ventilators when it is found necessary may be protected from
rain dust smuts or any solid particles by a covering of perforated metal or other
porous material; or from too great a quantity of air entering by suitable valves or
doors.
In conclusion I wish it to bo understood that I do not confine or bind myself to
the exact limits details, shape or size of the parts described herein, as the same may
of course be varied or modified according to circumstances without in any way
departing from the nature of my Invention; I do not desire to make or retain any
claim relating to the discharge of air from buildings, carriages and other structures but
for the admission of air thereto. what I claim and desire to be secured to me by Letters
Patent are is :-
Firstly. The form of aperture larger on the inside than on the outside with a
tapering connection between.
Secondly. The intermediate chamber for the equalizing of the temperature as
shown in Figure 7.
In witness whereof I the said James Edward Ellison have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Twentieth day of August in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.