IMPROVEMENTS IN RIVETTING PUNCHING OR SHEARING MACHINES
Year: 1885

page_text: I LÉON DELALOE Engineer, of 11 Avenue du Maine Paris in the Republic of
France do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
RIVETTING PUNCHING OR SHEARING MACHINES, to be as follows:-
My invention relates to a hydraulic machine for rivetting, punching or shearing
purposes.
It consists of a combination of three pistons moving in a certain order, one of
which the first one is acted upon by means of a hand lever and the two others by
means of the liquid contained in their two cylinders, the latter communicating with.
each other.
The first piston is provided with an arrangement similar to the obturator of a
breech-loading gun; and which allows of the said piston being freely worked up
and down within its cylinder or secured into any intermediate position according
to the breech piece or clutch being respectively out of or in gear. This is effected
by working a handle one sixth of one turn one way or the other.
On the first piston being depressed by means of its hand lever, the second piston,
to which is attached the punchon or shear is propelled by the compression of the
liquid until the said punchon or shear comes into contact with the resistance or
otherwise the material to be rivetted, punched or sheared.
By means of this arrangement, the operation of bringing the punchon or shear
to bear on to the material to be dealt with is very rapidly effected thereby saving
a considerable time when compared with the usual methods. At this moment, the
breech is geared and the first piston becomes a fixture.
The third piston is then brought into play either by hand or motive power; it is
propelled by the action of a quick thread screw and, compressing the liquid
contained in the two communicating cylinders, forces the second piston through
the resistance thereby effecting the work which it was intended to execute.
The clutch of the first piston being released, after the operation is effected, the
said piston is brought back to its former or starting position.
The third or power piston being also brought back to its starting point, the
second or working piston together with its attached punchon or shear follows both
P1

page_text: the other two pistons owing to the pressure of the atmosphere and to the weight
of the apparatus which is suspended from a saddle to which the working piston
itself is attached.
In my apparatus, the axle of the punchon is gradually brought outside that of
the working piston, so as to enable the operator to rivet, punch or shear close against
vertical parts.
The power piston may be propelled, as said by hand or motive power. When
propelled by driving bands two such bands, one being crossed and four pullies, two
fast and two loose ones are used.
The first piston intended for the rapid performance of the operation of bringing
the punchon on to the material to be worked and which can be rendered at will
fixed or moveable by means of the described clutch arrangement may be adapted
to any hand or power rivetting, punching or shearing machine.

page_text: Improvements in Rivetting, Punching, or Shearing Machines.
I LÉON DELALOE, Engineer, of 11 Avenue du Maine Paris in the Republic of
France do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
RIVETTING, PUNCHING OR SHEARING MACHINES and in what manner the same, is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:—
"
.
My invention relates to a hydraulic machine for rivetting, punching or shearing
purposes and has, for its principal object the saving of a very large proportion of
the power and time required in the performance of the preliminary operation, that
which preceeds the period of resistance, and consists in bringing the stamp, puncheon
or shear to bear on to the material to be operated upon.
This operation is effected very rapidly and economically by the means which
I am going to describe and illustrate and which are applicable to machines worked
by hand as well as to those driven by power.
Fig. 1. is an elevation and a vertical longitudinal section through the axises of
the cylinders of a rivetting machine of my system.
Fig. 2. is a vertical cross section through the broken line m n o p.
Fig. 3. is a horizontal cross section through q r before the lever N has been
depressed.
Fig. 4. is a horizontal cross section through the same line q r after the lever N
has been depressed.
In these various figures:
A is the frame of the machine.
B the suspending rod.
CC two levers connected to the punch or shear K by means of the two axles
and O¹ and to which is attached the suspending rod B.
D, fly wheel.
E, sheath-screw, revolving within two bearings E' and E" enclosing the screw F,
which it propels by the rotation of the flywheel D.
G piston forcing the liquid under the pressure of the screw F.
H, cylinder in which piston G runs.
This cylinder may be fed from a tap introducing into it water or a non-freezing
liquid.
I, cylinder communicating with H and in which travels the piston J which
carries the punch or operating tool K.
K, operating tool.
It is constructed in the shape of a crank one pin of which is set into the piston
or tool holder J in the usual manner and the other pin constitute the tool proper,
punch, stamp or shear.
The axis of the tool is situate further from the body of the machine (or nearer
outside) than the axis of the pin; and, the axis of the pin itself is also situate

page_text: further from the body of the machine (or nearer outside) than the axial line of the
piston or tool holder J.
The result of these successive displacements of the axises in one same direction,
away from the body of the machine, which displacements are effected in a manner
such as not to interfer with the strength of the operating tool, is to bring the said
operating tool further and further away from the body of the machine, or nearer
and nearer outside so as to facilitate the operation of rivetting, punching or shearing
as closely as possible against a vertical wall.
The cylinder I is prolonged towards the top part of the machine at L; and at M
are two flanges, cast together with the said cylinder L and drilled so as to receive
the axle. of the oscillating rod M₁ which rod itself is connected with the hand
lever N.
P, axle connecting the hand lever N and the piston Q.
"
Q, force piston the upward stroke of which is limited by the projection of the
piece R.
R, screw turning freely round its vertical axis.
S, collar keyed on or pinned to screw R, and working it by means of a handle
belonging. to the said collar.
T, rod of the piston Q. This rod is provided with equidistant groups of threads
or of parallel projections, b, b, b, separated by grooves b', b1, b2, (Fig. 3). The
screw R is, internally, cut in a similar manner, its groups of threads or of parallel
projections c, c, c, corresponding with the grooves 61, 61, 61, of the piston rod T and
its grooves c¹, c¹, c¹, corresponding with the groups of threads or of parallel
projections b, b, b, of the said piston rod.
It is clear that when the groups of projections b, b, b, of piston rod T correspond
with the groups of grooves c¹, cl, cl, of screw R (Fig. 2.) the piston T can be made
to slide up and down by means of the hand lever N.
This motion can however be stopped at any moment so as to secure the piston T
into any intermediate position by simply turning the screw R by means of the
collar's handle S of a portion of a circle such as to bring the grooves c¹, c¹, c¹,
opposite the grooves b¹, 61, 61, in which case the groups of projections of the piston T
will fit into those of screw R and piston T may thus be locked into any position.
This arrangement is analogous to that of the breech piece in breech-loading
guns.
The machine being ready for the operation and the rivet being placed in its
hole I disengage the projections c', c, c¹, of R from their corresponding projec-
tions b¹, b¹, b¹, of T so that the piston T is free to move up and down. Depressing
the hand lever N I bring the piston Q rapidly down and this motion has for effect
of depressing the piston J and by so doing to bring the stamp K to bear on the
rivet's head.
The period of resistance is then beginning and I now lock the piston T in position
by a motion of the handle S equal. to one sixth of a complete turn. This motion
brings the projections of R into those of T. The piston T cannot in this condition
be displaced and if the screw F is propelled by means of the fly-wheel D the
piston G will, owing to the pressure of the liquid, force downward the piston J
and its appurtenances and the stamp will exert its crushing action upon the rivet.
This operation over the piston Q is freed and returns to its original position
being stopped in its ascending motion by the projection at the bottom of the
screw R; the piston G is brought back to its starting point and the piston J.under
the influences of the outside atmospheric pressure and of the weight of the
apparatus which is suspended from C follows course, carrying up with it the stamp,
puncheon or shear which is attached to it so as to be ready for the next operation.
In so providing my rivetting etc: machine with a piston which can at will be
made alternately fixed and moveable I save nearly seventy five per cent of
the time generally required in the operation of rivetting as instead of bringing
the rivetter to bear on the rivet through the slow motion of a screw; I do s0
instantaneously by the mere lowering of the hand lever N,

page_text: The addition of the third complementary piston Q which allows of the first
phase, that of non resistance, of every rivetting operation to be rapidly gone
through may be effected in a hand machine such as the one just described and
illustrated as well as in machines mechanically driven such, for instance, as
machines driven by two leather bands, one of which is crossed and running over
four pulleys of which two are fast and two loose.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1° The arrangement, in rivetting, punching or shearing machines of an additional
piston which can at will be rendered fixed or moveable by means of a breech piece
consisting of groups of corresponding projections and grooves substantially as
berein before described and illustrated and for the purposes set forth.
2° The arrangement of the stamp, puncheon or shear K, the axis of which is,
without reducing the strength of the operating tool, gradually brought away from
that of the lower piston J in order to allow of the operation of rivetting punching
or shearing being carried close against a vertical wall as herein before described
and illustrated.
3° The combination of the three pistons G, J, Q, the latter being vertical and
rendered at will moveable or fixed and thus enabling the vertical piston J to be
rapidly pushed down until the performing tool comes to bear against the material
to be operated upon after which, the piston Q being rendered a fixture the operation
is completed, during the period of resistance, by means of the horizontal piston G
substantially as herein before described and illustrated.