Improvements in Rubber Tyres for Cycle and other Wheels.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Mar., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 5th Sept., 1894-Accepted, 6th Oct., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by CHARLES BIVORT and JEAN NADLER, both of
33, Rue Jean Jacques Rousseau, Paris, France, Cycle Manufacturers.]
Improvements in Rubber Tyres for Cycle and other Wheels.
I, ERNEST DE PASS, of 78, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Fellow of
the Chartered Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
:--
This invention relates to improvements in rubber tyres for cycle and other wheels,
and is designed to provide an improved rubber tyre formed by the combination of a
special inner tyre or core of rubber, and of an outer casing or cover which serves
both to protect this inner tyre or core while running, and to secure it onto the rim
of the wheel.
The feature of this tyre consists essentially in the special construction of the
inner tyre or core, which is made of rubber and is traversed by openings or cavities
formed in the direction of the spokes, that is to say, the walls which separate these
openings or cavities have a general direction always normal to the rim of the
wheel. These openings or cavities, which are formed in the inner tyre or core
during its manufacture, may be open at both ends, or only at one of their ends;
and their shape and number may vary, as well as their arrangement, the normal
position to the rim of the wheel being, however, retained. The said openings may
pass completely through the core, or may only form therein cells or closed
cavities.
Inside the rim of the wheel, and in close proximity thereto, a flanged metallic
ring or hoop may be provided to assist in holding the edges of the outer casing or
cover in place.
The said rim may be so formed that it closes or covers the inner open ends of the
cavities, whereby the air contained in each cavity, on being compressed, will then
also act as an elastic agent.
The openings or cavities may be arranged in rows or series, either in oblique
lines, or in lines normal to the inner tyre or core.
The outer casing or cover which envelopes the inner tyre or core, and which
serves to fix it to the rim, may likewise be formed of rubber. It is provided on
its inner face with a strip of canvas, or other fabric, which may conveniently be
connected to cords sewn to the two edges of the outer casing and thus forming
beads adapted to take into depressions formed in the rim for this purpose. Or the
two edges of the outer casing or cover may be secured by means of a seam which
alone would suffice, without the help of the metallic ring, to allow the outer casing
to fulfil its purpose; that is to say to connect the inner tyre or core to the rim
when stretched over the said inner tyre or core.
The outer casing or cover may be replaced when it is worn or damaged, and the
inner tyre or core will outlast several outer casings or covers.
Dated this 29th day of March 1894.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Rubber Tyres for Cycle and other .Wheels.
I, ERNEST DE PASS, of 78, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Fellow of
the Chartered Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had
to the accompanying drawings and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that
is to say:
This invention relates to improvements in rubber tyres for cycle and other
wheels, and is designed to provide an improved rubber tyre formed by the
combination of a special rubber core, crown, or inner tyre, and of an outer casing
or cover which serves both to protect this core or crown when at work, and to
secure it to the wheel rim.
The peculiar character of this tyre consists in the special construction of the
rubber core or crown which is traversed by openings or cavities formed in the
direction of the spokes, that is to say the walls which separate these openings or
cavities are arranged in a direction always normal to the wheel rim. These openings
or cavities are formed in the core or crown during its manufacture, and may be open
at both ends, or only at one of their ends, or, in other words, they may traverse
the core or crown from one side to the other, or may only form therein closed
cavities, as will be described further on. The shape and number of the said
openings or cavities, as well as their arrangement, may be varied, while, however,
retaining the normal position to the wheel rim.
And in order that the invention may be readily understood, I will describe the
same fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 shows a portion of the tyre and of a cycle wheel to which it is applied;
Fig. 2 is a view thereof in plan, with certain portions removed in order to show
the various parts of the tyre proper and of its mounting.
Fig. 3 is a section taken in a radial direction.
Figs. 4, 5, 5ª, 6, and 7 show other forms or shapes of openings or cavities in the
elastic crown.
The following letters of reference indicate the principal parts in the drawings.
a is the outer casing or cover enveloping the elastic core or crown . a' is a
piece of canvas, or other fabric, interposed between the said casing and the crown,
and which may be provided along its edges with a cord a². a³ represents a laced
seam having small cords a*. c is the wheel rim, and c' a metallic hoop or ring
having flanges c². This wheel rim engages the edges of the core or crown so as to
prevent it, when at work, becoming enlarged or widened under the action of the
load. d are nuts for fixing the spokes d² which have square parts d' for tightening
them up.
e are the openings or cavities in the crown, el are partitions closing the
iuner ends of the cavities e, and i are partitions separating the cavities. f is the
ground level, and u the centre of the wheel.
x, x, and y, y, are the lines on which the sections are taken.
In Fig. 3, which shows two arrangements of openings or cavities, one of the
openings in the core or crown, that to the left, is shown as completely traversing
the said crown from its inner or upper surface to its outer or lower surface at **;
the other two openings form cells or cavities open only at one extremity, but it
must be understood that in practice either one or other arrangement may be
adopted, and not the two at the same time, as this figure would appear to indicate.
As previously stated, the openings e may pass completely through the core or
crown, or may only form therein cavities open at the inner extremities. With the
latter arrangement, which is more generally represented in the drawings, the rim c
may be so formed as to close or make a tight joint over the openings of the cavities,

page_text: as shown more clearly in Fig. 3, so that the air contained in each cavity, on being
compressed, then also acts as an elastic agent.
Figs. 1, 2, and 3 show a core or crown with the openings or cavities e arranged
in rows or series of three, the alignment of these rows may also be oblique (as
shown by the line x, x, in Fig. 2) or may be normal to the inner core or crown, as
in the section shown in Fig. 3.
The outer casing or cover a which envelopes the so called crown b, and which
serves to secure it to the rim, may likewise be formed of rubber; it is provided
interiorly with the canvas or other fabric a' which, as stated, may be connected to
cords a sewn to the two edges of the outer casing, these cords thus form beads or
swellings adapted to engage in depressions made in the rim for this purpose.
mode of fixing, which may be modified in any suitable way, is only shown by way
of example, as it is not upon this point that the invention bears..
This
Fig. 2 shows another and different mode of fixing. It will there be seen that
the joining of the two edges of the outer casing or cover a is effected by means of
a laced seam a³, which alone would suffice, without the help of the metallic ring c¹,
to enable the outer casing to fulfil its purpose, that is to say to unite the core or
crown b to the rim when stretched around said crown.
The outer casing or cover a may be replaced, when it is worn or damaged, and
the core or crown 6 will outlast several outer casings or covers.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that
I lay no claim to the accessory arrangements which it has been necessary to describe
in order to show a method of securing the system of tyre to the rim of a cycle
wheel, but what I do claim is :-
1. In a rubber tyre for cycle and other wheels, the combination of an elastic core,
crown, or inner tyre having openings or cavities whose greatest depth is in the
direction of the spokes, with an elastic outer casing or cover for protecting it when
at work and for tightening the core or crown upon the rim, substantially as
described and shewn.
2. In a rubber tyre for cycle and other wheels, the combination of an outer
casing or cover, and of an elastic core or crown having cavities open only at one
extremity, and the opposite extremity of which is constituted by the material of
the crown itself, the walls separating these cavities being normal to the wheel rim,
substantially as described and shown.
3. In a rubber tyre for cycle and other wheels, the combination of an outer
casing or cover and of an elastic core or crown having openings which completely
traverse the said core, and cavities or cells open at one end but closed at the
other by the material of the core or crown, the walls or partitions separating these
openings being always arranged in a direction normal to the wheel rim, substantially
as described and shewn.
4. In a rubber tyre for cycle and other wheels, the combination of an elastic
outer casing or cover, an elastic core or crown having hollows or cavities, and of a
metallic hoop or ring secured to the rim, said rim closing the hollows or cavities of
the core or crown, and engaging the two edges of such core or crown so as to
prevent it from becoming enlarged or widened under the load when at work,
substantially as described and shewn.
5. The improvements in rubber tyres for cycle and other wheels, substantially
as herein described and shown with reference to the annexed drawings.
Dated this 5th day of September 1894.
ERNEST DE PASS.