IMPROVEMENTS IN GOVERNORS OR SPEED REGULATORS.
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Murdoch Napier, of York Road, Lambeth, in the
County of Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN GOVERNORS OR
SPEED REGULATORS.
"
Sealed the 24th April 1878, and dated the 27th October 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Murdoch Napier at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th October 1877.
JAMES MURDOCH NAPIER, of York Road, Lambeth, in the County of Surrey.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GOVERNORS OR SPEED REGULATORS."
•
This Invention has for its object improvements in governors or speed regulators,
such as are secured to me by Royal Letters Patent, dated 27th November 1875,
No. 4125, and consists of the employment of a break or frictional apparatus in
connection with my governor, so as to be operated by it to control and regulate
motive power.
I also arrange my governor in connection with suitable mechanical apparatus
driven by power, so that the governor will operate to cause the apparatus to open
or close a valve, cock, slide valve, or equivalent appliance, so as to control and
regulate the passage of steam, water, gas, or other motive agent or power, and thus
govern the power applied to steam, water, and other motive engines, so as to secure
uniform speed.
When using a break or frictional apparatus in connection with the governor the
break may be applied against a rotating part of the governor, and the effect may
be communicated through the driving connections with the governor to regulate the
speed of the machine, instrument, axis, or thing which is to be actuated by the
motor.
The break may also be applied against part of the motor so as to regulate its
speed, or may be used in conjunction with a frictional connection with the motor,
so that the governor can control and regulate the speed of a machine, instrument,

page_text: axis, or thing, although the motor and the connections with it up to the frictional
connection may run at greater and irregular speeds.
My governor may also actuate a break which may check or arrest the motion of a
nut, screw, or inclined plane, and so put into action a more powerful break to restrain
and regulate the power applied.
My governor may also actuate a break arranged to operate against a moving part
to check or arrest its motion, and by so doing cause a valve, cock, or like appliance
to be operated upon by the power which gave motion to the part arrested, and so
regulate the supply of the steam, water, gas, or other power, or my governor may
operate through a break to throw in and out of gear (frictional or other) suitable
moving parts, and so cause the valve, connections to be actuated by such moving
parts, and the valve to be opened and closed to regulate the power and speed.
My governor may also operate through suitable lever connections without a
break or frictional apparatus to throw in and out of action certain moving parts
which operate upon connections, so as to cause the opening and closing of a valve,
cock, slide valve, or other equivalent appliance for the regulating of motive power
and speed.
My governor may also be arranged to operate upon a tappet cam or other suitably
formed part to place it in position, to cause the closing of a slide or other valve
at suitable times, so as to control the supply of power and maintain uniform
speed.
I arrange my governor so that the speed at which it is to act can be conveniently
regulated within limits, and for this purpose I provide a lever and adjustable weight
or spring with means of adjustment.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Murdoch Napier in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 27th
April 1878.
JAMES MURDOCH NAPIER, of York Road, Lambeth, in the County of Surrey.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GOVERNORS OR SPEED REGULATORS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in governors or speed regulators,
such as are secured to me by Royal Letters Patent, dated Twenty-seventh November,
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, No. 4125, and consists of the employ-
ment of a brake or frictional apparatus in connection with my governor, so as to be
operated by it to control and regulate motive power.
I also arrange my governor in connection with suitable mechanical apparatus
driven by power, so that the governor will operate to cause the apparatus to open
or close a valve, cock, slide valve, or equivalent appliance, so as to control and
regulate the passage of steam, water, gas, or other motive agent or power, and thus
govern the power applied to steam; water, and other motive engines, so as to secure
uniform speed.
When using a break or frictional apparatus in connection with the governor, the
break may be applied against a rotating part of the governor, and the effect may
be communicated through the driving connections with the governor to regulate
the speed of the machine, instrument, axis, or thing, which is to be actuated by the
motor.
The break may also be applied against part of the motor so as to regulate its
speed, or may be used in conjunction with a frictional connection with the motor,
so that the governor can control and regulate the speed of a machine, instrument,
axis, or thing, although the motor and the connectious with it up to the frictional
connection may run at greater and irregular speeds.
My governor may also actuate a break which may check or arrest the motion of
a nut, screw, or inclined plane, and so put into action a more powerful break to
restrain and regulate the power applied.
My governor may also actuate a break arranged to operate against a moving part
to check or arrest its motion, and by so doing cause a valve, cock, or like appliance
to be operated upon by the power which gave motion to the part arrested, and so
regulate the supply of the steam, water, gas, or other power, or my governor may
operate through a break to throw in and out of gear (frictional or other) suitable
moving parts, and so cause the valve connections to be actuated by such moving
parts, and the valve to be opened and closed to regulate the power and speed.
My governor may also operate through suitable lever connections without a break
or frictional apparatus to throw in and out of action certain moving parts which
operate upon connections, so as to cause the opening and closing of a valve, cock,
slide valve, or other equivalent appliance for the regulating of motive power and
speed.
My governor may also be arranged to operate upon a tappet cam or other suitably
formed part to place it in position to cause the closing of a slide or other valve at
suitable times, so as to control the supply of power and maintain uniform speed.
- I arrange my governor so that the speed at which it is to act can be conveniently
regulated within limits, and for this purpose I provide a lever and adjustable weight
or spring with means of adjustment.
In order that my said Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto annexed.
I think it unnecessary however to enter into any detailed description of such parts
shown in the Drawings, as have been already illustrated and described in the
Specification of my Patent of Twenty-seventh November, One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-five, No. 4125, above referred to, or of other parts and combi-
nations of parts already well known..

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Figures 1, 2, 3, indicate an arrangement of my governor, in which a break or
frictional apparatus is operated by it to regulate the motive power, and in which
the break or frictional apparatus is applied against a rotating part of the governor,
and the effect is communicated through the driving connections to regulate the
speed of the machine driven by the motor so regulated; these Figures also shew a
mode by which I apply a lever with adjustable weight for regulating the action of
the governor to a given speed.
The break A is applied against the rotating vessel containing the mercury or
other liquid, and the connection with the brake A is through the spindle a, toothed
wheels a¹, a², spindle as, pulley a*, and cord or chain a, to the plunger B. The
size and weight of the plunger B may be regulated to the power and extent of
action desired. The lever b is fixed to spindle a³, and on it is the adjustable
weight b¹. When this weight is placed further outwards upon the lever its effect
is greater to relieve the pressure of the plunger B upon the mercury which is forced
under it, so that the plunger B will be actuated by a less speed of the rotating
vessel than it will be when the weight b' is placed further inwards on the lever b;
so that the speed at which the regulating or restraining action of the governor
commences can be thus varied within limits. When the plunger B rises, the
weight 6' through the connections already mentioned actuates the brake A to cause
friction on the rotating vessel, and so increase the resistance and power necessary
to drive the governor, and thereby restrain excessive speed in the motor through the
driving band or cord.
When a brake is applied against a part of the motor a lever c and connecting
rod c¹ may be used, as shewn in Figure 4, the lever being fixed to the spindle a³,
see Figures 1, 2, and 3, and the connecting rod being attached to the brake applied
to the motor.
Figure 5 shows an arrangement in which the brake is applied against the brake
wheel C, in the manner described in respect to Figure 4, to regulate the speed of
the spindled, which is connected with spindle d' by a frictional junction at d², the
necessary friction being maintained by the spring d³; d¹ may be irregularly driven
by any motive power while the speed of d is regulated by a brake applied
against C; E is a pulley from which the machine or instrument may be driven at a
regular speed.
Figure 6 illustrates an arrangement by which lever c actuated by my governor,
either direct or through a friction brake apparatus, may throw into contact one
or other of two frictional pinions e, e¹, so as to turn in one or other direction the
wheel e³, and through e¹, e³, and eº, connect to a valve or cock. The driving power
is applied to pulley c' while the governor operates through lever c.
In Figure 7 the driving power is applied to pulley D on spindle f; the brake
wheel C is loose on f. but cannot move end wise owing to the collar f'. The quill
part of C is screwed internally, and the second quill C2 works in it and is
prevented from turning on ƒ by the pin f2, but can move on it longitudinally so as
to actuate the lever E.
When the speed of the motor exceeds the desired rate the governor brake
operates on C, and by checking its rotation causes the quill C to work outwards
by the action of the screw, and so operate through the lever E on a cock, valve, or
other means for shutting off the supply of power, or upon a brake to restrain the
power of the motor. The spring E retires the lever E when the governor brake is
released and the brake wheel C left free.
In Figure 8 the driving power is applied to pulley D on spindle f. Brake
wheel C is loose on spindle f, and has a projecting boss furnished with a bevil
pinion which gears into the segments of two bevil wheels F, F', having their axes
at g where the spindle f is increased in size and suitably formed. In each of the
wheel segments F and F¹ are pins forming joints for rods g¹, g³, connecting them to

page_text: the sliding piece g³, which is prevented from turning upon the spindle by the
ping; lever E works in the groove in g³.
When the speed of the motor is in excess the governor brake acts on wheel C, and
by checking its rotation causes the segments F and F' to work upon their axes at g.
in such manner as to draw the sliding piece g³ towards them, and so actuate the
lever E and its connection with a valve, cock, brake, or other means or apparatus
for regulating or restraining the motive power and speed The spring E, which is
compressed when the action just explained takes place, operates to return the
parts to their first position when the governor brake releases the wheel C upon the
speed of the motor being reduced.
Figure 9 indicates a well-known arrangement of steam engine slide gear, in
which the expansion slide is actuated by the tappet cam j, which is set in position
to suit the cut-off desired.
.Instead of setting the position of the tappet cam in the usual way by hand I
connect the lever H with my governor, so that the cut-off may be varied to
regulate the speed of the engine.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention and the manner of per-
forming the same, I would have it understood that I claim as my improvements
in governors or speed regulators, such as are secured to me by the Patent dated 27th
November 1875, No. 4125,-
First. The combination with the governor or speed regulator of a break con-
trolled by the governor or speed regulator, and applied against a rotating part
thereof.
Second. The combination with the governor or speed regulator of a brake
controlled by the governor or speed regulator, and applied against a rotating part
of the motor.
Third. The combination with the governor or speed regulator of a brake
controlled by the governor or speed regulator, and applied against a rotating part
in frictional connection with the motor.
Fourth. The combination with the governor or speed regulator of a brake
controlled by the governor or speed regulator, and applied against a rotating part,
which when retarded causes a nut to traverse upon a screw and so to work a valve
or its equivalent; or a more powerful brake.
Fifth. The combination with the governor or speed regulator of a brake controlled
by the governor or speed regulator, and applied against a moving part, which when
checked causes the power of the motor to be applied to work a valve or its
equivalent, or a more powerful brake.
Sixth. The combination with the governor or speed regulator of parts, by means
of which it is enabled to throw into and out of gear with the motor other parts
which work a valve or its equivalent, or a brake.
Seventh. The combination with the governor or speed regulator of a tappet cam
or such like instrument controlling a valve or its equivalent.
Eighth. The combination with the governor or speed regulator of a lever and
adjustable weight or spring to regulate the speed at which it acts.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Murdoch Napier, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.