IMPROVEMENTS + ELECTRIC LAMPS
Year: 1885

page_text: سيد
I, HUGH WATT, Managing Director of the Maxim-Weston Electric Company,
Limited, of 32 Queen Victoria Street, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
+
ELECTRIC LAMPS" to be as follows:-
IN
INCANDESCENCE
This invention relates to incandescence electric lamps, and comprises the
improvements hereinafter described.
Lamps of this class of much larger size and illuminating capacity than those
commonly used are, in many cases, desirable, but many and serious difficulties are
met with in their manufacture. Not the least of these difficulties are the sealing
in of the supporting conductors, and the mounting of the carbon strip or filament
thereon, or its attachment thereto.
As the carbons or filaments require to be much larger than those ordinarily used
and therefore consume a much greater amount of electrical energy, the leading-in
or supporting wires must necessarily be larger in order to conduct the increased
current without overheating. It has, however, been found impracticable to seal a
wire of any considerable diameter in the glass or vitreous composition of which the
base of the lamp is usually composed, as, in such cases, the expansion that takes
place during the burning of the lamp impairs the contact between the glass and
the metal. This difficulty has been remedied by substituting for a single large
conductor two or more distinct or separate smaller conductors in the seal, a perfect
and durable adherence between the glass and the metal being thus ensured.
One part of the present invention relates to the sealing in of the conductor.
The other part of the said invention relates to the attachment of the wires to the
carbon strip or filament. I effect this attachment by bending a wire (by preference
of platinum) back upon itself, forming an eye or ring, and then bringing the two
parts of the wire together and uniting them, preferably by twisting them.
In carrying the said invention into practice the leading-in wires or conductors
are sealed in the lamp by a mass of vitreous substance united by heat to the base
of the globe or bulb. Heretofore these wires have been connected to the carbon
by some kind of cement, or by being bent around the ends of the carbon and

page_text: secured thereto by the electro-deposition of copper, or by small nuts, screws and
washers, the carbon being perforated and the wires provided with an eye for
facilitating their connection. The last named plan of mounting is the one which
I employ. To form the eyes in the supporting wires, I bend the wire back upon
itself and then secure the two parts together in any convenient manner, for
example by twisting. In sealing the wires in, I cover both parts of the wires,
applying the vitreous sealing material around them as near to the eye as may be
practicable. Heretofore the eyes have been formed by simply bending the wire at
its extremity, or by flattening and perforating the said wire. In the first case, the
bent portion of the wire being unsecured, is liable to spread or open and thus
impair the contact, while, in the other case, there is not sufficient metal to conduct
away the heat from the incandescent strip or filament, so that the joints are unduly
heated. These objections are obviated by my method of forming the eyes. The
portions of the wire around the eyes are flattened slightly, if so desired, and
secured to the carbons in the usual manner by screws and nuts.
The eyes are
formed either in single wires or in doubled wires.
When it becomes necessary to divide the leading-in wires or conductors into
'several branches I take two wires and form in each of them eyes whereby they
may be connected to the carbon. I then twist their other ends together and seal
them in the glass. The ends of the carbon are then inserted between the two wires
and secured to them by means of a screw, nuts, and washers.
The wires thus connected may be single or double; in some cases, they are
doubled and branched or spread so that a perfect seal may be obtained.
For the wires I prefer to use 'platinum'as this metal makes a better union with
glass.
Dated this 29th day of June 1885.
n
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
For the Applicant.

page_text: c 1
I, HUGH WATT M.P. Chairman of the Maxim-Weston Electric Company,
Limited, of 32 Queen Victoria Street, in the City of London, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by, the following statement:-
This invention relates to incandescence electric lamps and comprises the improve-
ments hereinafter described.
Lamps of this kind or class of much larger size and illuminating power than
those commonly used are, in many cases, desirable; but numerous and serious
difficulties are met with in their manufacture, for example, those of sealing in the
supporting conductors, and of mounting the carbon strip or filament thereon or
attaching it thereto.
As the carbons or filaments require to be much larger and consequently consume
a much greater amount of electrical energy than those ordinarily used, the leading-
in or supporting wires must necessarily be large in order that they may conduct
the increased current without overheating. It has, however, been found imprac-
ticable to seal a wire of the diameter required for this purpose in the glass or
vitreous composition of which the base of the lamp is usually composed, as, in such
cases, the expansion due to the heat generated in the lamp impairs the contact
between the glass and the metal.
This difficulty has been remedied by substituting for a single large conductor
two or more smaller conductors which are separate or distinct in the seal; a
perfect and durable adherence between the glass and the metal is thus ensured.
The present invention relates more particularly to an improved formation of
such conductors to permit their connection with the carbon strip or filament, and
to the sealing-in of such conductors. I make the said conductors by bending a
wire, by preference of platinum, back upon itself so as to form an eye or ring, and
then bringing the two parts of the wire together and uniting them by twisting or
otherwise, as hereinafter set forth.
In the accompanying drawing,
Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in vertical central section, of an incandescence
lamp constructed in accordance with the said invention.
Figure 2 is a perspective view, partly in transverse section, illustrating the
improved manner of sealing-in the wires or conductors.
Figure 3 is a side elevation of one of the said conductors.
Figure 4 is an edge view illustrating the manner of attaching the wires or
conductors to the carbon strip or filament.
Figure 5 is a side elevation shewing a slight modification of the said invention.
Figures 2 to 5 inclusive are drawn to an enlarged scale.
,
Like letters of reference indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawing.
A is the lamp globe or bulb. B is the carbon strip or filament, which may be of
any suitable description.
C, C are the leading-in wires or conductors, which are sealed in the lamp by
means of a mass D of vitreous substance, united by heat to the base of the globe or
bulb A. Heretofore these wires have usually been connected to the carbon by
means of some kind of cement, or by bending them around the ends of the carbon

page_text: and securing them thereto by the electro-deposition of copper, or by means of
small nuts, screws, and washers, the carbon being perforated and the wires pro-
vided with an eye for facilitating their connection therewith. I prefer to adopt
the last named method or manner of mounting.
Heretofore the eyes have been formed on the wires or conductors by simply
bending the latter at their extremities, or by flattening and perforating their ends.
When the said eyes are formed by the first named method, the bent portion of the
wire or conductor, being unsecured, is liable to spread or open and thus impair the
contact between the wire or conductor and the carbon; when the eyes are formed
by the last named method, there is not sufficient metal to conduct away the heat
from the incandescent strip or filament, therefore the joints are unduly heated.
I obviate these objections by forming the eyes in the improved manner hereinafter
described, that is to say :-I bend the wire C back upon itself so as to form an eye
or ring E, and I secure the two parts of the wire together in any convenient
manner, for example by twisting, as at C, Figures 3 and 5. In sealing-in the
wires, I cover both parts of each wire, applying the vitreous sealing material
around them as near as practicable to the eye E. The portions of the wire which
form the eyes E are, if desired, slightly flattened, as shewn, and are secured to the
carbons by means of a screw a, washers b, and nuts c. The said eyes are formed as
above described either upon single wires as shown in Figure 5, or upon double
wires, as in the other figures of the drawing. In the latter case, I also twist the
two parts of the wire together, at the point C Figure 3.
When it is necessary to divide the leading-in wires or conductors into several
branches, I take, say two wires and form upon each of them eyes whereby they
may be connected to the carbon. I then twist their free ends together and seal
them in the glass. The ends of the carbon are then inserted between the two
wires and secured thereto by means of a screw, nuts and washers as above
described.
Two or more conductors thus connected may be used. In Figure 2, I have
shewn two conductors which are. doubled and branched or spread, so that a perfect
seal is obtained and the wires or conductors have sufficient collective area to enable
'them to carry or conduct the requisite current without overheating.
For the wires I prefer to use platinum, as this metal makes a better union with
glass than most other metals.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
First. In an incandescence electric lamp, the use of leading-in wires or conductors
having eyes formed by bending the wire back upon itself and uniting the two parts
thereof, substantially as, and for the purpose, set forth.
Second. In an incandescence electric lamp, the combination, with leading-in
wires or conductors having eyes formed by bending the wire back upon itself and
uniting the two parts thereof by twisting, or otherwise, of a vitreous seal
surrounding the said wires or conductors and wholly or partially covering the
twisted or united portions thereof, substantially as set forth.
3
Third. The improved incandescence electric lamp, constructed substantially as
described with reference to the accompanying drawing.