IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BREADTHENING AND DRYING WOVEN OR AMIRD WARD ADDING " PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Stark, Manager of Bleach Works to
Messieurs John and Walter Crum and Company, of Thornliebank,
in the County of Renfrew, North Britain, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BREADTHENING AND DRYING WOVEN OR
AMIRD
WARD ADDING "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Stark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st February 1875.
I, WILLIAM STARK, Manager of Bleach Works to Messieurs John
and Walter Crum and Company, of Thornliebank, in the County of
Renfrew, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BREADTHENING AND DRYING
WOVEN OR OTHER WEB FABRICS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object to render the breadthening of woven
or other web fabrics more effective and permanent by combining it more

page_text: intimately than heretofore with the drying of such fabrics when sized or.
otherwise prepared.
In carrying out the Invention the breadthening is effected by passing
the fabric between a pair of counterpart circularly grooved rollers, the
ridges of which enter more or less into each other's grooves.
A pair of the grooved rollers are introduced at any suitable part of a
series of steam drying cans, that is, of hollow cylinders heated by steam,
and the grooved rollers are themselves, by preference, constructed and
fitted like the steam cans for the admission of steam into them to assist
in the drying action.
With this arrangement the breadthening action may be made to take
effect on the fabric when the latter is neither too moist nor too dry, but
precisely in the best condition for receiving the action, and the imme-
diately subsequent complete drying prevents the fabric from going back
from its breadthened condition.
:
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Stark in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 29th July 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
STARK, Manager of Bleach Works to Messieurs John and Walter Crum
and Company, of Thornliebank, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
cighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Stark, Her special licence
that I, the said William Stark, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said William Stark, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at. all times thereafter, during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,

page_text: and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR BREADTHENING and Drying WovEN OR OTHER WEB FABRICS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Stark, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
sanfe was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Stark, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement in writing, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, that is to say :—
My said Invention has for its object to render the breadthening of
woven or other web fabrics more effective and permanent by combining
it more intimately than heretofore with the drying of such fabrics when
sized or otherwise prepared.
In practically carrying out my Invention I effect the breadthening
operation by passing the fabric between a pair of counterpart circularly
grooved rollers, the ridges of which enter more or less into each other's
grooves.
In one modification of apparatus I introduce a pair of the grooved
rollers at any part of a series of steam drying cans, that is, of hollow
cylinders heated by steam; and the grooved rollers are themselves, by
preference, constructed and fitted like the steam cans for the admission
of steam into them to assist in the drying action.
'
In some cases a pair of the grooved rollers made hollow and heated
by steam may be advantageously used without being accompanied by
other steam-heated cylinders or cans.
"
The simultaneous breadthening and drying renders the operation more
effective and permanent; and when the grooved rollers are combined
with plain steam cans the breadthening action may be made to take.
effect on the fabric when the latter is neither too moist nor too dry, but

page_text: or web between each pair, 1, 2, of the grooved rollers. The degree or
severity of the breadthening action is regulated by causing the ridges
and grooves to interpenetrate more or less, for which purpose the
upper rollers 1, 1, are made adjustable by means of screws 11-acting on
their bearings.
Figures 4 and 5 on Sheet 2 of the Drawings are respectively front
and side elevations of what may be termed a steam-heated breadthening
machine, as made without accessory plain steam cans. In this machine
the woven fabric or web, shown as before by a red line, 5, in Figure 5,
is entered through a scrics of common breadthening or smoothing
rollers 12 (not shown in Figure 4) and then between a pair of plain
solid mangling or pressing rollers 13. It next passes round and between
the grooved rollers 1, 2, and afterwards up to the folding deliverer 8.
The grooved rollers 1, 2, are made hollow, as indicated by dotted lines
in Figure 4, and their journals have steam pipes connected to them by
stuffing-box couplings like ordinary steam cans. The upper grooved
roller 1 and the plain roller next above it are held in fixed positions in
the framing; but the lower grooved roller 2 can be adjusted nearer to
or further from the upper one 1 by transverse wedges placed under its
bearings, and indicated by dotted lines at 14 in Figure 5. The
wedges 14 move on horizontal beds formed for them in the frame
standards, and are adjustable by means of screw spindles 15.
.
The grooved rollers or cylinders 1, 2, are, by preference, made of
copper, and the grooves and ridges are, by preference, shaped and pro-
portioned as shown in Figures 2 and 4; but I do not restrict myself to
the precise details herein described or delineated.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention and the manner
of performing the same, I have to state that I do not claim the use of
the grooved rollers for breadthening when such rollers are not heated or
not combined with heated cans or cylinders, and that I do not claim
the construction or arrangement of the plain cans or cylinders and their
ordinary accessories; but that what I believe to be novel and original,
and claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part
- recited Letters Patent is,-
.
1. The breadthening and drying of woven or other web fabrics by
means of heated or unheated grooved rollers, such as are herein described
and delineated, combined with ordinary steam drying cans.

page_text: 2. The breadthening and drying of woven or other web fabrics by
means of heated grooved rollers, such as are herein described and
delineated.
.
.0
In witness whereof, I, the said William Stark, have hereunto set
my band and scal, this Twenty-eighth day of July, in the year 5
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.
Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
WILLIAM STARK. (L.S.)