Improvements in and connected with Arrangements for Causing Combustion of Smoke in Stoves and Fireplaces.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Mar., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 10th Dec., 1891-Accepted, 12th Jan.; 1805
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Arrangements for Causing
Combustion of Smoke in Stoves and Fireplaces.
I CHARLES WILLARD GOULD of The Stores, Shanklin, Isle of Wight
Ironmonger do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
:-
My invention consists of the improvements hereinafter described in and connected
with arrangements for causing combustion of smoke in stoves and fireplaces.
According to my said invention I arrange a cage containing pieces of fire clay or
csbestos or other suitable incombustible or refractory material or composition or a
perforated block or slab of such material or composition in such a position relatively
to the fuel receptacle or fire grate that the said material or composition may
become highly heated by the burning fuel in the fire grate and the products of
combustion of the said fuel may pass between the said pieces of material or
through the perforations in the said block or slab on their way to the chimney.
And I form flues or passages in such positions relatively to the fire place and
counect the said flues or passages with each other and with the chimney in such a
manner that the whole or the greater part of the smoke and the cooler of the
gaseous products of combustion of the fuel are conducted back to the fire while the
more highly heated gases are conducted or allowed to pass to the chimney. To
permit of the whole of the gaseous products of combustion passing to the chimney
when desirable I form a direct communication therewith furnished with a door or
damper by actuating which the said communication may be opened or closed. Or
I otherwise provide where desirable for the passage of the whole of the products of
combustion to the chimney without compelling them to pass to the fire.
In some cases I produce combustion or partial combustion of smoke from
burning fuel in stoves and fireplaces by means of a suitably arranged cage or block
or suitably arranged cages or blocks of refractory material alone and dispense with
flues for causing return of the products of combustion to the fire and in other
cases I dispense with the refractory material and use flues alone.
Where desirable I form chambers for heating air in combination with stoves and
fireplaces to which the arrangements hereiubefore described are applied.
The following are illustrations of the manner in which my said invention may be
applied to some kinds of stoves and fireplaces.
In constructing a portable closed heating stove according to my said invention I
form a fire basket of iron rods or bars and secure it in the lower part of a tubular
casing of sheet metal and within the said casing above the fire basket I secure a
cage formed of iron rods or wire and containing pieces of a mixture of fire clay
and asbestos moulded to suitable forms. The said casing (which is hereinafter
termed the innermost casing) I surround with another metal casing (which is
hereinafter termed the second casing) of greater length and greater diameter than
the innermost casing and the upper end of which is closed by a concave perforated
plate and the lower end of which is provided with an internal flange the inner
edge of which is nearly in contact with the sides of the fire basket. Around the
said second casing I secure another casing of metal which forms a jacket above and
around the second casing. The chimney of the stove consists of a metal pipe the
upper portion of which passes centrally through the concave perforated plate.at

page_text: the upper end of the second casing and through the upper part of the jacket and the
lower part of which pipe passes through the side of the innermost casing above
the cage and through the side of the second casing and communicates with the
interior of the jacket. In the lower part of the chimney within the innermost
casing I form an aperture to which I apply a valve connected to a rod which
passes through the lower open end of the chimney and projects outside the jacket
and by means of which the said valve is actuated as and when required. To
provide for feeding the fire when necessary I form coincident apertures in the
innermost and second casings and close the space between the said casings around
the said apertures thus forming a passage from the outside of the stove to the
interior of the innermost casing. The inner end of the said passage opens within
the stove between the underside of the cage of refractory material and the upper
part of the fire basket and the outer end of the said passage is provided with a
door. Where the stove is required to be provided with an air heating chamber the
said chamber may consist of a case or outer jacket enclosing the whole or a portion
of the stove and having openings in such positions that the heat of the stove may
cause a current or currents of air to pass through the said chamber.
The method of using the said stove and its action are as follows;-
The valve in the chimney is first opened by means of the rod connected thereto
and the end of which projects outside the jacket. Fuel is then introduced into the
fire basket through the passage described and ignited the products of combustion
from the fuel passing therefrom between the pieces of refractory material contained
in the cage above the fire basket and entering the chimney through the aperture
therein to which the valve is applied. The fuel is then allowed to burn until the
material in the cage above it has become thoroughly heated. The valve is then
closed and the smoke and gases from the fire pass as hereinafter described. The
hottest of the said gases pass from the interior of the innermost casing through
the perforations in the concave plate which closes the upper end of the second
casing into the jacket and thence to the chimney and the smoke and less heated
gases pass from the interior of the said innermost casing over the upper edge
thereof into the second casing and descend therein and pass therefrom at its
lower flanged end and enter the fire between the side bars of the fire basket the
combustion of the smoke being thus effected.
In applying my invention to an open fireplace I form a flue at the back thereof
which flue communicates with the space beneath the fire grate and with the
chimney and also communicates by means of two openings one above the other
with the space above the fire grate. In the lower of the said openings I arrange
a cage containing asbestos and fire clay and the upper of the said openings I
provide with a hinged flap. And I arrange a hood above the fire grate which hood
may be furnished with an extension consisting of a sheet or sheets of tale set in a
suitable frame or frames hinged to or capable of sliding in guides carried by the
said hood the said extension being of such dimensions that the whole of the space
Fetween the lower part of the hood and the fire bars may be closed by it. This
arrangement is used as follows;-On first lighting the fire the smoke is allowed to
Jass to the chimney through the upper opening in the flue and if necessary to assist
the draught the extension of the hood is closed the smoke then passing through
the said opening and flue to the chimney. When the asbestos and fire clay in the
lower opening have become sufficiently heated the said extension is raised and the
flap of the upper opening is closed. The whole of the smoke and gases from
the fire then pass through the lower opening between the pieces of asbestos and
fire clay therein and any smoke which is not consumed in so passing is conducted
15 the flue to the space beneath the fire bars and such of the gases as are not
consumed by the fire pass to the chimney. Where I combine an air heating
chamber with this arrangement I form the said chamber at the back of or around
the flue hereinbefore referred to and above the fire place and I form inlets for the
air to pass to the said chamber at the sides of the fire place and outlets for the said
air above the hood hereinbefore referred 'to.

page_text: Although I have described the application of my invention to a stove of one
kind only and an open fireplace of one kind only I would observe that my said
invention is applicable to stoves of other kinds and constructions and to the
fireplaces of kitcheners and kitchen ranges.
Dated this 10th day of March 1894.
Improvements in and connected with Arrangements for Causing
Combustion of Smoke in Stoves and Fireplaces.
I CHARLES WILLARD GOULD of The Stores, Shanklin Isle of Wight
Ironmonger do hereby declare the nature of this invention und in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
My invention consists of the improvements hereinafter described in and connected
with arrangements for causing combustion of smoke in stores and fireplaces.
According to my said invention I arrange a cage containing pieces of fireclay or
asbestos or other suitable inconibustible or refractory material or composition or a
perforated block or slab of such material or composition in such a position relatively
to the fuel receptacle or firegrate that the said material or composition may become
highly heated by the burning fuel in the fire grate and the products of combustion
of the said fuel may pass between the said pieces of material or through the
perforations in the said block or slab on their way to the chimney. And I form
Blues or passages in such positions relatively to the fire place and connect the said
flues or passages with each other and with the chimney in such a manner that the
whole or the greater part of the smoke and the cooler of the gaseous products of
combustion of the fuel are conducted back to the fire while the more highly heated
gases are conducted or allowed to pass to the chimney. To permit of the whole of
the gaseous products of combustion passing to the chimney when desirable I form
a direct communication therewith furnished with a door or damper by actuating
which the said communication may be opened or closed. Or I otherwise provide
where desirable for the passage of the whole of the products of combustion to the
chimney without compelling them to pass to the fire.
Where desirable I form chambers for heating air in combination with stoves and
fireplaces to which the arrangements hereinbefore described are applied.
The application of my invention to stoves and fireplaces is hereinafter described;
with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Figure 1 of the said drawings is an elevation of a portable heating stove
constructed according to my invention Figures 2 and 3 are sections thereof the
section Figure 2 being taken on the line A A Figure 1 and the section Figure 3
being taken on the line B B Figure 2.
Referring to the said figures a is the fire basket formed of iron rods or bars and
secured in the lower part of a tubular casing of sheet metal b within which casing
above the fire basket is secured a diaphragm c of iron rods or wire and supporting
pieces of a mixture of fire clay and asbestos d moulded to suitable forms. The
said casing is surrounded with another metal casing e the upper end of which is
closed by
a concave perforated plate f and the lower end of which is provided
with an internal flange e' the inner edge of which is nearly in contact with the
sides of the fire basket a. Around the casing e is secured another casing of metal g
which forms a jacket above and around the said casing e. The chimney of the
stove consists of a metal pipe the upper portion of which passes centrally
through the concave perforated plate at the upper end of the casing e and

page_text: through the upper part of the jacket g the lower part of the said pipe h
passing through the side of the casing above the diaphragm c and through the
side of the casing e and communicating with the interior of the jacket g.
In the lower part of the chimney / within the casing ban aperture is formed to
which is applied a valve h¹ connected to a rod 2 passing through the lower open
end of the chimney and projecting outside the jacket g by means of which rod the
said valve is actuated as and when required. is a passage communicating at its
inner end with the interior of the casing 6 and provided at its outer end with a
door which passage admits of access to the fire receptacle for the purpose of
feeding the fire. Where the stove is required to be provided with an air heating
chamber the said chamber may consist of a case or outer jacket enclosing the
whole or a portion of the stove and having openings in such positions that the heat
of the stove may cause a current or currents of air to pass through the said
chamber.
The method of using the said stove and its action are as follows ;-
The valve in the chimney is first opened by means of the rod h³
connected thereto. Fuel is then introduced into the fire basket a through the
passage and ignited the products of combustion from the fuel passing therefrom
between the pieces of refractory material supported by the diaphragm c and
entering the chimney through the aperture therein to which the valve ' is
applied. The fuel is then allowed to burn until the material on the diaphragm c
above it has become thoroughly. heated. The valve his then closed and the smoke
and gases from the fire pass as hereinafter described. The hottest of the said
gases pass from the interior of the casing b through the perforations in the concave
plate at the upper end of the casing e into the jacket g and thence to the
chimney and the smoke and less heated gases pass from the interior of the
casing b over the upper edge thereof into the casing e and descend therein and pass
therefrom at its lower end and enter the fire between the side bars of the fire
basket the combustion of the smoke being thus effected.
In applying my invention to an open fireplace I form a flue at the back thereof
which flue communicates with the space beneath the fire grate and with the
chimney and also communicates with the space above the firegrate by means of an
opening in which is arranged a cage containing asbestos and fireclay. In the
passage forming the communication between the said flue and the chimney I
arrange a hinged flap which admits of the said passage being opened and closed as
required. And I arrauge a hood above the firegrate which hood may be furnished
with an extension consisting of a sheet or sheets of talc set in a suitable frame or
frames hinged to or capable of sliding in guides carried by the said hood the said
extension being of such dimensions that the whole of the space between the lower
part of the hood and the fire bars may be closed by it.
Where I combine an air heating chamber with this arrangement I form the said
chamber at the back of or around the flue hereinbefore referred to and above the
fire place and I form inlets for the air to pass to the said chamber at the sides of
the fire place and outlets for the said air above the hood herein before referred to.
This arrangement is illustrated in Figures 4, 5, and 6 Figure 4 being a front
elevation Figure 5 a vertical section taken on the line C C Figure 4 and Figure 6
a horizontal section taken on the line DD Figure 5.
Referring to the said figures j is the fire grate the space below the bottom
bars of which is closed at front by a removable drawer k which receives the
ashes falling from the fire. The back and sides of the fire place are
formed of fire clay. is a plate of metal supported directly over the firegrate
and forming the hood of the fireplace and a portion of the hot air chamber
hereinafter described. As the description herein before contained of the con-
struction and arrangement of the extension of the hood will be intelligible
without illustration the said extension is not shown in the accompanying drawings,
n is the flue at the back of the fireplace the upper end of which fiue communicates
with the chimney and its lower end communicates with the space beneath the fire

page_text: grate by means of an opening in the lower part of the side 1. 1 is a passage
leading from the space beneath the firegrate to a pipe o which communicates with
the chimney and in which is mounted a valve o' provided with an actuating
lever o². is the opening in the back of the fireplace which forms the
communication between the space above the fire grate and the chimney. 18 is
the cage of asbestos and fire clay arranged in the said opening and is the hinged
flap arranged in the passage leading from the flue n to the chimney. p is the air
heating chamber and p¹ p' are openings formed in the front thereof through which
openings air passes to and from the said chamber. This arrangement is used as
follows;-On first lighting the fire the flap is raised in order to allow the whole
of the smoke to pass direct to the chimney and if necessary to assist the draught
the extension of the hood is closed. When the asbestos and fire clay 16 have
become sufficiently heated the said extension is raised and the flap is closed..
Smoke and gases from the fire then pass through the cage containing the
pieces of asbestos and fire clay and any smoke which is not consumed in so passing
is conducted by the flue n to the space beneath the fire bars and such of the gases
as are not consumed by the fire pass through the passage and pipe o to the
chimney. By means of the valve o' the strength of the draught under the fire
grate may be varied according to requirements. The course of the smoke and gases.
which pass as hereinbefore described through the flue n and the space beneath the
fire bars is indicated by the arrows. I prefer to cut away a portion of the flap
as shown at 18 in order to admit of passage into the chimney of any gases.
collecting under the hood P³.
are the
Figures 7, 8 and 9 of the accompanying drawings illustrate the application of
my invention to kitcheners Figure 7 being a front elevation and Figures 8 and 9.
sections thereof taken respectively on the lines E E Figure 7 and FF Figure 8.
Referring to the said figures q is the top plate. r, rare the ovens.
oven flues. 2 are the dampers of the said flues. s is the boiler which is formed
with forwardly projecting side extensions 3. t, t are the fire bars which are
hollow and formed separately and supported at back by a bearer t¹ resting on the
boiler extensions & and at front by a bearer t formed with or secured to the front
of the kitchener. The sides of the fireplace consist of solid blocks of fireclay u u
closing the spaces between the outermost firebars and the top plate and the back
of the fireplace which consists of a perforated block of fireclay v of less height
than the side blocks u, u and supported by the rear parts of the fire bars and
resting against the front faces of the parts of the boiler. w is the direct flue
r is an
between the fire place and the chimney and we' is the damper of the said flue.
ash tray or drawer and y y are tubes open from end to end mounted at a slight
distance apart above the drawer .. In the space between the fire bars t and the
tubes y y is a removable bottomless drawer consisting of a front plate which
closes the space between the fire bars t, t and the tubes y y and of side fraines z₁ =¹
containing sheets of wire gauze or wire netting which when the drawer is in place
as shown in the drawings constitute screens covering the mouths of the oven
flues r, r. On the lower part of each of the side frames z' z' of the said drawer
are formed rearwardly projecting arms of such length as to extend beyond the
inner ends of the tubes y y when the drawer is closed and to the extremities of
the said arms is secured a bar or plate 2 which causes air passing through
the said tubes yy to be directed into the space beneath the fire bars t, t.
The action of this arrangement is as follows;-When the damper o' of the direct
flue wis closed and the dampers of the oven flues are open air enters the fire-
place between the front bars thereof and the smoke and hot gases pass over the
fireclay back vand through the perforations therein into the space between it and the
boiler and thence into the space beneath the fire bars where the smoke or a portion
thereof burns the combustion being assisted by air which passes into the said space
through the hollow bars tt and tubes y. y. The gases then pass through the
screens into the oven flues and through them into the chimney. The
object of the said screens '' is to exclude ashes from the oven flues.

page_text: Metal bars may be substituted for the perforated fire clay back of the fire
place but I prefer to form the said part of fire clay as hereinbefore described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
for "Improvements in and connected with arrangements for causing combustion of
smoke in stoves and fireplaces" and in what manner the same is to be performed
I wish it to be understood that I make no claim to the closing of the space
beneath the firebars of a fire place nor to the use of hollow fire bars or their
equivalent but I declare that I claim ;-
First. The improvements hereinbefore described in arrangements for causing
combustion of smoke in stoves and fireplaces that is to say the arrangement of
pieces of asbestos or fire clay or other incombustible or refractory material or a
perforated block thereof in such a position relatively to the fuel receptacle of a
stove or fireplace that the said pieces or block will become highly heated by the
burning of fuel in the said receptacle and the construction in or in connection with
the stove or fireplace of flues or passages whereby gases from the fuel are caused
to pass between the said pieces of incombustible or refractory material or through
the perforations in the said block and are conducted to or under the fuel receptacle
before passing to the chimney substantially as hereinbefore described.
Secondly. The combination of an air heating chamber with a stove or fireplace
provided with the arrangements claimed in the foregoing claim for causing
combustion of smoke.
Thirdly. The combination with a stove or fireplace provided with flues or
passages for causing the gases from burning fuel in the fuel receptacle to pass to
or under the said receptacle of a chamber for causing.air to be heated by the
gases passing through the said flues or passages substantially as hereinbefore
described.
Fourthly. The general construction and arrangement of parts constituting the
stove hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3 of the
accompanying drawings.
Fifthly. The arrangement illustrated in Figures 4, and 6 of the accompanying
drawings for causing the gases from fuel burning in an open fireplace to pass under
the fuel receptacle on their way to the chimney and for causing air to be heated by
the said gases.
Sixthly. The arrangement herein before described and illustrated in Figures 7,
8 and 9 of the accompanying drawings for causing gases from fuel burning in the
fireplace of the kitchener to pass downward behind and under the fuel receptacle
before entering the heating flues.
Dated the 10th day of December 1894.
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.