improvements in machinery or Apparatus for Coaung raper or Textile Fabrics with Wax or other Substances.
Year: 1886

page_text: improvements in machinery or Apparatus for Coaung raper
or Textile Fabrics with Wax or other Substances.
'I HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake, and Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to machines for coating paper or textile fabrics with wax
or size and comprises the improvements hereinafter described.
In the accompanying drawings,
:
Figure 1 is a longitudinal partly vertical sectional view of my device and partly
in elevation.
Figure 2, a detached view of one of my reservoirs in an upright position.
Figure 3, a broken perspective view of one of my pipes for conducting the
melted waxy composition showing the enveloping steam jacket.
Figure 4, a longitudinal sectional view of my revolving cooling cylinder.
Figure 5, a broken vertical sectional view of one end of my steam jacketed
drip tank.
Figure 6, a perspective view of my forked spray pipes also partially steam
jacketed.
Figure 7, an enlarged broken sectional view of one of my reservoirs with the
agitators within; also showing the steam jacket around the convex sides of the
reservoir.
A is a reservoir containing oil and silicate of soda or other solution to saturate
the paper with; this reservoir is cylindrical in form, set horizontally the ends
being flat. B is a horizontal agitator composed of radiating arms set upon a
central revolving shaft B', which passes through one end of the reservoir and is
turned by the bevelled gear wheels C C. In Figure 2 this agitator is shown with
the reservoir in a vertical position the top of the latter being open, the upper end
of shaft B¹ being sustained by a cross bar B¹¹ and its lower end set in a step or
socket in the bottom of the reservoir. A steam jacket D surrounds this reservoir
forming a steam space around the convex-sides of the same.
E E are steam pipes opening into the two reservoirs A A¹ to supply the steam
jackets thereof with steam; they are provided with suitable stop cocks El Ein.
A is a reservoir constructed similarly to reservoir A and is designed to contain the
waxy composition with which the paper is to be coated.

page_text: .
G is a pipe from the lower part of reservoir A to conduct the oil to the spraying
tubes Œ¹Œ¹; the pipe G and all the pipes I employ to conduct the oil or melted
waxy compound are provided exteriorly with larger enveloping pipes forming
annular steam spaces about the pipes to heat the oil or wax and thus keep them
soft and thin. H H are two compressing hollow rolls to squeeze out of the web
being treated any excess of oil. HH are two similar rolls to compress the
web being treated and remove any superfluous waxy compound. These rolls are
mounted on frames II in ordinary journal bearings. J J are spraying tubes to
spray the melted waxy compound on the web. The construction of these spraying
tubes GG and J J is illustrated in Figure 6, where it will be seen they are
partially enveloped by steam jackets, the lower part not being covered to permit
the egress of the melted material through the lines of spraying holes in the lower
side of the enclosed pipe. These spraying tubes J J are forked as shown, both
terminating in the pipe K. L L L L L are carrying rolls over which the web
which is being treated passes; all these carrying rolls excepting L are coated with
a non adhesive rubber covering, whereby the paper is prevented from sticking to
them. All the rolls and cylinders are made of metal. M represents a roll of plain
paper to be treated mounted on a reel; M³ the roll of paper after treatment,
finished; M is the web of paper under treatment in course of passage through the
machine. N is a hollow cooling cylinder through the hollow journals of which a
continuous current of cool water passes; the water enters through one end and out
of the other. These journals are provided with suitable stuffing boxes to make
close joints. This cylinder is covered with a non adhesive rubber surface coating.
00¹ are small heating rolls which are heated by jets of steam introduced
through the journale. The interiors of these two rolls may be heated by leaving
the heads open and burning gas in jets from openings in the hollow shaft which
passes through the cylinder, in such case, the gas being introduced through the
hollow journals. These two shafts turn in the direction of the traverse of the
paper but at slightly greater speed than the paper is travelling in order to create
a friction and impart a polish to the surface of the paper.
The web of paper passes from the roll M over carrying roll L thence down
between rolls H H', then under roll H over carrying rolls LL", then down
between pressure rolle H H under roll Hull over carrying roll L, ander under
heating roll O, over heating roll O¹, under cooling roll N over carrying roll L" and
it is then wound in a roll M¹ upon a suitable reel.
All the rolls excepting the carrying rolls are driven by belt and pulley. The
carriers L L L L L are driven by the motion of the paper. PP¹ are drip
tanks to catch the drip as it falls from rolls H H and H H. These tanks are
provided with steam jackets P p respectively at the sides and bottom to keep
their contents heated.
The large pipes which envelope and form steam jackets around the smaller
pipes containing the oil or waxy compound all empty into the steam jackets.
surrounding the vessels where they terminate while the smaller enclosed pipes
pass through the last named steam jackets into the interiors of the vessels which
they enter. A steam damper Q is located upon each of the steam pipes E and E¹,
though I have shown it in the drawing only upon the latter. These dampers are
designed to regulate the pressure and keep it equable, whereby a steady and
unvarying heat is maintained in all the steam jackets. R is a pipe passing from
the rotary pump R¹ to the reservoir A it is also enveloped by a steam jacket as
well as the periphery of the pump, this pipe R¹ conveys the oil from the pump R¹
to the upper part of reservoir A, the oil flowing to the pump from the bottom of
tank P through a short pipe as shown. S is a pipe similar to pipe R to convey the
waxy compound from rotary pump S₁ to the top of reservoir A¹, the compound
flowing from the drip tank P¹ to the pump S¹ through a short pipe as shown.
Each reservoir is provided with a slide valve A see Figure 7, which closes or
opens the passage to the exit pipes of the reservoir whereby the supply of material
to the paper web may be controlled. In Figure 6, J¹ indicates the perforations in

page_text: the spraying tubes and J¹¹ Ju cocks to regulate the feed of material to each
spraying tube.
The direction of the spray is downward and inward from each tube, as indicated
by the arrows. In Figure 3, is also shown the enveloping steam jacket pipe in
black lines surrounding pipe G. F F in all the Figures are small cocks to carry off
the water resulting from the condensation of the steam. T T' Figures 1 and 5 are
steam pipes from a steam boiler entering the steam jackets of the drip tanks.
U U are supply holes through which material for treating the paper may be fed to
the reservoirs A and A¹. I have shown them with covers. In the form of
reservoir shown in Figure 2, however the top of the reservoir is left open.
Figure 4 shows my hollow cooling cylinder N and the pipe N₁ through the journal
at one end where the water enters the cylinder and pipe N through the journal
at the other where it flows out. N N are the stuffing boxes. I have not shown
in the drawings the pulleys and bolts for driving the rolls and cylinders but these
devices are common and will suggest themselves to the mind of any ordinary
mechanic together with their mode of application.
While cloth calico and other fabrics may be treated by my machine to give them
a coating or sizing, I will confine myself in my description to the treatment of
paper for this purpose. The object of the special construction of my device shown
in the drawings is to first saturate the paper with an oil to fill up its body and
then to coat the two surfaces with a waxy composition which will render the paper
non adhesive and impervious to air or moisture. One of the prime necessities in
coating paper with a waxy compound is that the latter should be kept in a heated
and therefore melted, thin condition while being manipulated.
I accomplish this by my system of surrounding every pipe and receptacle
through which the composition is passing with a steam jacket supplied directly or
indirectly with steam from a steam boiler. This wax I color, if desired, and scent,
before it goes into the machine, while in a melted state. The oil and waxy com-.
pound which I prefer to use is that described in the specification of Letters Patent
of the United States of America and dated February 23rd. 1886 No. 336569 but
my machine is adapted for sizing paper, calico, muslin and other webbings or
cloths with any of the preparations now in use for that purpose and well known
in the arts.
I shall describe the operation of my device as though it were intended to first
saturate paper with oil, and in a subsequent stage of the process coat it with wax
upon both sides. If it is desired to coat it only with wax, dispensing with the
oil, the reservoir A, pipes G and R and rolls H H and their immediate connections
can be dispensed with and the web of paper can, in such case be carried directly
from the roll M to the rolls H" H. The general construction and operation of
both sets of rolls and their attachments are about the same, and a description of
one set will answer for the other. The web of paper is first drawn through the
machine from roll M in the manner shown in Figure 1, until sufficient of it is
wrapped around the end reel for the latter to take hold of it to start the roll M¹.
The reservoir A is then filled with oil combined with silica and the reservoir A¹
with paraffine or other wax mixed with some coloring matter and scent. The
apparatus being now ready for operation, steam from the boiler is let into pipes E E¹
and T T, and the steam jackets around the reservoirs pipes, pumps and tanks are
thus quickly filled with steam and their interiors are heated. This heat soon melts
the wax in reservoir A which can be observed by the operator looking in at the
top which I leave open as in Figure 2. Valve A ¹11 of reservoir A is then opened
and the oil and melted wax flow simultaneously down pipes G and K respectively
to the sprayers.
When the wax is sufficiently melted to flow the operating
machinery is started and the rolls and agitators are revolved by means of the
belting above referred to.
The polleys are so arranged respecting size that the rolls 00¹ while revolving
in the same direction as that of the traverse of the paper, yet travel at a greater
speed than the latter whereby they have a frictional bearing on the paper and

page_text: polish and finish its two surfaces. The paper is now passing through the machine
and the cocks Ju Ju of the two sets of sprayers are opened.
As the paper passes down between the sprayers GG it receives upon each
surface a spray of mixed oil and silicate, it then passes down and is compressed
between the rolls H H¹ whereby all superfluous oil is expressed from it and the
excess drips down into the tank P the web then passes over the intermediate
carrying rolls and down between the two sprayers above the rolls H H1, where-
from its surfaces, receive sprays of the melted waxy compound above referred to.
It then passes between the two compressing rolls HH, whence all excess of wax
drips down into tank P¹. The object of first soaking the paper in oil is to charge
its body with that liquid as to prevent it from absorbing or taking up an excessive
quantity of wax.
I thus economize in production as wax is much more expensive than oil. The
paper is also much more flexible when soaked with the oil and less liable to split
or crack. The paper then passes over carrying roll Lu and under the heated roll O
from which its upper surface receives a finish and polish, it then passes over the
heated roll O¹ from which its under surface receives a similar finish and polish or
gloss. The friction of these warm rolls has these results.
"
The paper then reaches the cooling cylinder N which is full of a constantly
changing supply of cool water: the cool surface of this cylinder absorbs the heat
from the soft waxy surface of the paper, cools the latter throughout and "sets
the coating. The finished paper then passes on and is rolled up as at M¹. All the
rolls with the exception of the heated ones 00¹ travel at the same rate of speed
as the paper and in fact are the agents in moving it. The oil and wax respectively
in the drip tanks is returned to the reservoirs by means of the pumps R¹ and S¹
through the intermediary of the steam jacketed pipes R and S As mentioned
above these steam jackets prevent the contents of the pipes and other vessels from
setting" or thickening while circulating through the machine. By means of my
pumps I maintain a continuous circulation of considerable quantities of the
materials which I employ in my operation.
"
.
The heighth of the reservoirs above the sprayers results in driving the thin
material through the spraying holes under considerable pressure.
"
Melted waxes will very quickly "set or harden when moved from point to
point through tubes or pipes unless by some means a considerable amount of heat
is made to accompany them. I accomplish this by means of my above described
steam jackets, by which as I have mentioned above I control the degree of heat
which is applied to my wax by means of the steam damper and so regulate the
density of the wax or oil; for the density of these substances decreases in propor-
tion to the increase of heat.
The steam damper may be called a steam regulator and I shall so name it in my
claim. The agitators in the reservoirs serve to make the consistency of their
contents uniform throughout. The drip tanks may also be called drip receivers.
The rolls H Hand H H are set so as to drip into the contents of tanks P
or Pl
I am well aware that heated rigid pipes have heretofore been used in place of
my two fast travelling rolls O O¹ but light paper was apt to be so dragged by these
pipes as to be torn and broken thus resulting in great loss and uncertainty as to
results; my friction upon the surface of the paper is attained by a motion which
assists it in its process and the speed of the rolls can be graduated by the size of
the pulleys which drive them, whereby. they can be made to travel at a speed only
little greater than that of the traverse of the paper. I can also regulate these
rolls to run at different speeds whereby I can impart a finish upon one side of the
paper different from that upon the other side.
I can color the oily compound instead of the wax and by this means remove
possibly deleterious coloring matter from the surface as the wax will cover it but,
by its transparency, will still admit of its showing.

page_text: I heat the rolls H H and H H with steam through their journals, in sub-
stantially the same manner that the cylinder N is cooled with water; the heat of
these rolls prevents the oil or wax from caking, clogging or hardening while passing
through them.
I am well aware of the device heretofore described in United States Letters
Patent Number 305424, of September 23rd 1884 and I do not claim the same
as my invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed as communicated to
me by my foreign Correspondent I declare that what I claim is :-
1st. In a machine for sizing paper and other fabrics the combination of
reservoir A¹ to contain the sizing, steam jacketed pipe K, sprayers J J¹, connected
with said pipe, compressing rolls H H mounted above a drip tank P¹ pump S¹
connected by a pipe with the interior of said drip tank and steam jacketed pipe S
connecting said pump and the reservoir, substantially as and for the purpose
described.
2d. In a machine for sizing paper and other fabrics the combination of
reservoir A¹ to contain the sizing, interior agitator B, steam jacketed pipe K,
sprayers JJ, connected with said pipe, compressing rollers H H mounted above
a drip tank P¹, pump S¹ connected by a pipe with the interior of said drip tank
and steam jacketed pipe S connecting said pump and the reservoir, substantially as
and for the purpose described.
3rd. In a machine for sizing paper and other fabrics the combination of the
steam jacketed reservoir A¹ to contain the sizing, steam pipe K, sprayers JJ
connected with said pipe, compressing rolls H H mounted above a drip tank P¹,.
pump S¹, connected by a pipe with the interior of said drip tank and steam
jacketed pipe S connecting said pump and the reservoir, substantially as and for
the purpose described.
4th. In a machine for sizing paper and other fabrics the combination of
reservoir A¹ to contain the sizing, steam jacketed pipe K, sprayers J J, connected
with said pipe, compressing rolls H H mounted above a drip tank P¹ steam
jacketed pump S¹ connected by a pipe with the interior of said drip tank and
steam jacketed pipe S connecting said pump and the reservoir, substantially as
and for the purpose described.
5th. In a machine for sizing paper and other fabrics the combination of
reservoir A¹ to contain the sizing, pipe K, sprayers J J connected with said pipe,
compressing rolls H" H" mounted above a drip receiver P¹, pump S¹ connected
with the receiver and pipe S connecting the pump with the reservoir, whereby
the drip of the sizing is pumped back to the reservoir to be re-used, substantially
as described.
6th. In a machine for sizing paper and other fabrics the combination of steam
jacketed reservoir A¹ to contain the sizing, provided interiorly with an agitator B
steam jacketed pipe K, sprayers J J connected with said pipe, compressing rolls
HH mounted above a drip tank P¹, steam jacketed pump S₁ connected by a
pipe with the interior of said drip tank, and steam jacketed pipe S connecting
said pump with the reservoir A¹, all arranged and operating substantially as
described.
7th. In a machine for sizing paper and other fabrics the combination of steam
jacketed reservoir A' to contain the sizing, provided interiorly with an agitator B,
steam jacketed pipe K, sprayers J J connected with said pipe, compressing rolls
HH mounted above a drip tank P1, steam jacketed pump S¹ connected by a
pipe with the interior of said steam jacketed drip tank and steam jacketed pipe S,
connecting suid pump with the reservoir A¹ all arranged and operating, substan-
tially as described.
8th. In a machine for sizing paper and other fabrics, the combination of a heated
reservoir to contain the sizing, a steam jacketed pipe to convey the sizing to the

page_text: point of application to the paper, a heated drip tank P¹ a pump and steam jacketed
pipe to carry the sizing back to the reservoir, all arranged and operating substan-
tially as described.
9th. In a machine for sizing paper and other fabrics, the combination of a steam
jacketed reservoir to contain the sizing, a steam jacketed pipe to convey the sizing
to the point of application to the paper, a heated drip tank P¹, a pump and steam
jacketed pipe to carry the sizing back to the reservoir all arranged and operating,
substantially as described.
10th. In a machine for sizing paper and other fabrics, the combination of a
heated reservoir to contain the sizing, interior agitator B, a steam jacketed pipe
to convey the sizing to the point of application to the paper, a heated drip tank P¹,
a pump and steam jacketed pipe to carry the sizing back to the reservoir all
arranged and operating, substantially as described.
11th. In a machine for sizing paper and other fabrics the combination of the
steam jacketed reservoir A', provided interiorly with an agitator B, the steam
jacket being supplied with steam from pipe E upon which is located the steam
pressure regulator Q by means of which an equable desired temperature may be
maintained about the parts heated by the steam, steam jacketed pipe K passing
from the reservoir to the sprayers J J compressing rolls H H drip receiver Pl
pump S¹ connected with said receiver and steam jacketed pipe S passing from the
pump to the reservoir whereby the drip may be returned to the reservoir for re-use,
substantially as described.
12th. In a machine for sizing paper and other fabrics the combination of the
steam jacketed reservoir A¹ provided interiorly with an agitator B, the steam
jacket being supplied with steam from pipe E¹ upon which is located the steam
-pressure regulator Q by means of which an equable desired temperature may be
maintained about the parts heated by the steam, steam jacketed pipe K passing
from the reservoir to the sprayer J, J, compressing rolls " H drip receiver P¹,
steam jacketed pump S¹ connected with said receiver and steam jacketed pipe S
passing from the pump to the reservoir whereby the drip may be returned to the
reservoir for re-use, substantially as described.
13th. In a machine for sizing paper and other fabrics the combination of the
elevated reservoir A¹ to contain the sizing, pipe K to conduct the sizing from the
reservoir to the sprayers J J compressing rolls HH beneath said sprayer and
drip tank P¹, the said rolls being set at an elevation above the point or plane which
would bring them into contact with the contents of the said tank, all arranged and
operating, substantially as described.
14th. In a machine for sizing paper the combination of the carrying rolls, sub-
stantially as shown, and fast travelling heated rolls O O¹ set to travel at a greater
velocity than that of the traverse of the paper being treated, substantially as and
for the purpose described.
כי
15th. In a machine for sizing paper the combination of the carrying rolls, sub-
stantially as shown, the hollow cooling cylinder N provided with pipes leading into
its hollow journals whereby a current of water may be passed continuously through
it, and a final reel to receive and wind up the roll M¹ of finished sized paper,
substantially as described.