A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FODDER FROM CERTAIN WASTE PRODUCTS
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John Haddan, of Kensington, Middlesex for an
Invention of A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF FODDER FROM CERTAIN WASTE PRODUCTS communicated
to him from abroad by Heinrich Hencke and Company, of Grüneck, near
Freising, in the German empire
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Herbert John Haddan at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th July 1883.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex, " A NEW OR IMPROVED
PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FODDER FROM CERTAIN
WASTE PRODUCTS," a communication to me from abroad by Heinrich Hencke, and
Company, of Grüneck, near Freising, in the German Empire,
This Invention has for its object to convert the residual products of the distilla-
tion of spirits, or the returns, into loose, more or less fine grained fodder which
may be easily transported or preserved and will not get mouldy if stored in a dry
place. For this purpose the residual product after distillation, is placed in a water-
tight reservoir of cement and well mixed with a solution of isinglass. One litre of
such solution, obtained by boiling 25 grammes of isinglass with one litre of water,
is sufficient for one hektolitre of the residual product.
This solution causes the albuminous bodies, together with the husks and the
heavy constituents of the residue, to separate from the liquid, which is drawn off
after 10 to 12 hours, by means of a cock constructed as follows: The cock is
secured to a plate adapted to slide vertically in a slotted guide and to be fixed
thereto at the desired height by means of set screws. The guide plate is provided
right and left of the cock with a guage glass through which the process of separa-
tion in the liquid may be observed, and the guide-plate is attached watertight to
the decantation vessel. After the liquid has been decanted, the remaining brothy
mass is neutralised by means of chalk (1/3 to 1/ kilogrammes to 1 hektolitre of
liquid):
The decanted residual mass is now placed in a filter-press, consisting chiefly of a.

page_text: bag of very strong and dense tissue, and fitting into the frame of the press, which
consists of a wooden box with perforated bottom, sides and cover, and ledges or
channels on all sides to prevent the hag from covering the perforations, the ledges
on the cover being lower in the centre than towards the sides. The cover is
pressed down and periodically lowered by means of two screw spindles and nuts.
After the residue has attained the consistency of dough, it is dried in a heating
apparatus constructed as follows: It consists of an air-heating apparatus or calorifier,
a lower and an upper drying chamber, which latter is built with burnt and
unglazed Earthenware-plates resting on a foundation of clay and cast-iron. The
heating gases from the combustion chamber of two furnaces are conducted into
pipes passing along the underside of the floor of the lower drying chamber and
then along the underside of the upper drying floor. Cold air channels with
adjustable discharge pipes admit air, which is heated by its contact with the said
hot air pipes, and escapes upwards, through suitable openings, so as to pass over
the lower drying floor to the upper drying chamber.
Around the upper drying floor (and inside the chamber) is constructed an
elevated passage of sheet-iron, under which the hot air arising from below escapes
into the upper drving chamber. If desired, cold air may also be admitted under
the upper drying floor, to be heated by its contact with the heating pipes. The
steam generate in the drying chamber is allowed to escape through a chimney
into the open air.
.
Before being placed on the upper drying floor, the residual product is strewn
over with Carbonate of Soda, and during the drying process it is continually
stirred. When nearly all liquid has been evaporated, the remaining mass is thrown
on the lower drying floor, completely dried, then spread out and left to col on
another floor and finally filled into sacks.
For making fodder from returns, the latter are mixed with a little Carbonate of
Soda and placed in the drying apparatus, when still moist. The process is thien
completed in the same way as described above.

page_text: 2. Filtration and Compression.
The residual mass is now placed in a filter press for the purpose of relieving the
same from a large quantity of water.
The filter proper consists of a bag of a very strong and dense tissue, fitting into
the frame or chest of the press, the pores of the tissue being so fine as to permit
the passage of water only, while the material used for the tissue must be of such a
nature that its fibres swell but little by the influence of the water. The sides of
the bag must be of sufficient height to permit the same to be tied up after it has
been filled with decanted residue.
The bag is not attached to the press, but made removable, so that it may be easily
cleaned after repeated use.
The sides, bottom and cover of the press (see Figs V, VI and VII) are perforated
and provided with closely set ledges having channels and holes so as to prevent
the bag from covering the perforations and thus preventing the escape of water;
the ledges or strips on the cover are lower in the centre than towards the sides (see
Figs V and VI. The cover and the cross bean U with the press screws Rare-
made removable by providing them with hinge-joints and removable pins.
While the residue is thus under pressure the water escapes gradually without
carrying off any solid substances.
The most favourable result is obtained by a periodical slight tightening of the
préss screws and subsequent steady filtration.
3. Drying.
The residue, having now attained the consistency of a dough, is brought into the
drying apparatus of which Fig. IX represents a cross section along line G-H of
Fig. XI, and Fig. X a cross section along line E-F, while Fig. XI is a horizontal
section of the upper drying chamber and Fig XII a horizontal section through the
heating flues of the lower drying chamber.
The drying apparatus consists of a calorifier in which the air is heated, and of
a lower and an upper drying chamber, the surfaces of the latter consisting of burnt
and unglazed earthenware-plates resting on a foundation of clay and cast iron,
(surfaces of wrought iron or other metal would be influenced and corruded by the
organic acids still contained in the wet residue)
The heating gases from the combustion chamber of two furnaces are conducted
into the pipes 1 and 2 rising along the underside of the floor of the lower drying
chamber and then pass along the underside of the upper drying chamber.
Cold air flues with adjustable discharge pipes and k² admit air which is heated
by its contact with the hot air pipes 1 and 2 and rises through the openings i
and covered upright tube t so as to pass over the lower drying floor towards the
upper drying chamber.
Around the upper drying floor under which the heating gases after having ascended
through pipes and 2 circulate through the gradually rising channels 21 and 22, is
constructed an elevated passage H° of sheet-iron having a breadth of about 0.50
meter under which, on the side near m, the hot air arising from below escapes into
the upper drying chamber.
The gases leaving the channels Z' and Z2 are conducted into the chimney through
pipes and leading along the passage around the walls of the upper drying
chamber, and if necessary cold air may be admitted through air channels 3 and
and heated by its contact with the pipes
and
The steam generated in the drying chamber is allowed to escape into the open
air through the chimney ¹ controlled by the valve p.
Before being placed on the upper drying floor, the residual product is strewn over
with sodic carbonate.
During the drying process the mass of residual product is continuously stirred
by suitable apparatus so as to prevent the mass from adhering to the floor and also
to accelerate the evaporation of the water. By mixing the mass with sodic
carbonate the remaining acids are neutralized.

page_text: When nearly all liquid has been evaporated the remaining mass is thrown on the
lower drying floor, and a fresh quantity of residual product is placed on the upper.
drying floor.
The completely dried product is spread out and left to cool on an airy floor, and
when completely cool it is filled into sacks.
"
II TREATMENT OF RETURNS OR GRAPE CAKE.
For making fodder from returns (grape-cake), the latter are mixed with a small
quantity of sodic carbonate and placed directly in the upper drying chamber when
still moist. The process of drying, neutralizing of the acids contained in the returns
and evaporating is then carried out in the same way as with the residual product
described above, so as to produce a dry fodder, in a loose state similar to chaff.
In witness whereof I, the said Herbert Jolin Haddan have hereunto set my hand
and seal this 17th day of January A.D. 1884.
TI
T HADDAN