IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPES FOR SMOKING TOBACCO
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Harold Evert Gräpel, Clerk, and Joseph Candelent,
Jeweller, both of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, for an Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPES FOR SMOKING TOBACCO."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Harold Evert Gräpel &
Joseph Candelent at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
16th December 1880.
HAROLD EVERT GRÄPEL, Clerk, and JOSEPH CANDELENT, Jeweller, both of
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPES FOR SMOKING
TOBACCO."
For the purpose of preventing the nicotine extracted from the tobacco in the
process of smoking from coming in contact with the smoker's mouth, and for the
collection of the said nicotine, and the saliva, and condensed breath flowing from
the smoker's mouth in a receptacle arranged for that purpose at the bottom of the
bowl of the pipe, from whence it can be emptied at will.
We construct the pipe in the following manner:-A pipe bowl made of wood,
clay, meerschaum, or any suitable material (and which for purposes of identifi-
cation we distinguish as bowl No. 1) having a suitable mouth piece, and either a
bent or a straight stem, is bored out to its utmost capacity consistently with the
retention of the necessary strength, in such manner as to have perpendicular sides,
with the bottom of a bowl shape. Into this bowl is fitted another one (made of
wood, clay, meerschaum, or any other suitable material perforated at bottom,
which for purposes of identification we distinguish as bowl No. 2), in such manner
that its bottom does not quite reach to the bottom of bowl No. 1. The said bowl
No. 2, has a flanged rim at top corresponding in external diameter with the
external diameter of bowl No. 1. The sides also of the said bowl No. 2 for about
a quarter of an inch below the flange or rim are of such external diameter as just
to fit inside of bowl No. 1. The external diameter of the said bowl No. 2 from
about a quarter of an inch below the flange is so much less than the internal
diameter of bowl No. 1, that it leaves a vacant space between itself and the
outer bowl (which we call No. 1) when fitted into the latter.

page_text: In the vacant space between bowls No. 1 & No. 2, referred to above, is fitted a
third or middle bowl, or cup, or reservoir, which for purposes of identification we dis-
tinguish as the "middle" bowl or bowl No. 3. This cup or reservoir is made of metal,
clay, wood, or any other suitable material, and is perforated at bottom in the centre.
On the outer side and covering the perforation is soldered or fixed a tube of small
dimensions. This bowl No. 3 is fitted into bowl No. 1 in such manner that it
forms a kind of false bottom to it (No. 1), and its sides are of such height as to
reach about half way up inside of No. 1 bowl, and so as to leave a slight space
between itself and the inside of No. 1 bowl. Bowl No. 2 being fixed into bowl
No. 1 enters the said bowl No. 3 without quite reaching to the bottom thereof, and
in such manner as to leave a vacant space between itself and the bowl or reservoir
No. 3, similar to that already described as existing between bowls No. 1 and
No. 3. In bowl No. 1 is bored (at the bottom) a round hole in the centre thereof,
and also two semi-circular holes or slots, one on each side of the centre hole. The
small tube attached to No. 3 bowl passes through the centre one of these per-
forations, and is of such length as to project slightly on the outer side thereof.
Covering both this small tube when it is passed through the centre perforation in
No. 1 bowl, and also the two semi-circular perforations or slots in bowl No. 1, and
attached to the outside of the said bowl, either by means of screwing or otherwise,
is a small cup or cap made of metal, horn, wood, or any other suitable material.
It will thus be seen that our pipe consists of an outer bowl (No. 1), an upper
inner cup or bowl (No. 2), an inside or middle bowl cup or reservoir (No. 3), and
a small cup or cap affixed to the bottom of the outer bowl No. 1.
The action of our pipe when in use is as follows:-The tobacco being placed in
bowl No. 2 and lighted, the smoke passes through the perforation or perforations
in its bottom into the cup or reservoir No. 3 in which it leaves all nicotine
extracted from the tobacco, and passing over the sides of No. 3 flows into the
bowl No. 1, and from thence through the stem into the mouth of the smoker.
The nicotine flows down the tube attached to No. 3 into the small cup or cap
affixed to the outside of bowl No. 1. All the condensed breath or moisture from
the smoker's mouth flows down the stem of the pipe into No. 1 bowl, and drops
from thence through the semi-circular slots or perforations into the outer cup or
cap already referred to, into which the nicotine flows to, and from thence both
can be emptied at will. In this outer cup is fitted a washer made of sponge or
cotton wool to prevent the combined nicotine and saliva from flo: ing back into
bowl No. 1. The tobacco can be consumed to the last shred.
Having now described our Invention and the manner in which it is to be
performed, we wish it to be understood that we claim as our Invention the use in
pipes for smoking tobacco of an inside or middle bowl, which we have described as
No. 3, to be used in such pipes, as and for the purposes substantially as described.
We also claim the right to affix or join the separate parts one unto another by
any means adapted to that end which shall appear to us most suitable.
We also claim to make the pipe substantially the same as described above, only
omitting the bowl or reservoir No. 3.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Harold Evertt Gräpel & Joseph Candelent in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 14th June 1881.
HAROLD EVERT GRÄPEL, Clerk, and JOSEPH CANDELENT, Jeweller, both of
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPES FOR SMOKING
TOBACCO."
Our Invention consists of an improved construction of pipes for smoking tobacco,
for the purpose of preventing the nicotine extracted from the tobacco in the process
of smoking from coming in contact with the smoker's mouth, and for the collection
of the said nicotine and the saliva and the condensed breath flowing from the
smoker's mouth in a receptacle arranged for that purpose at the bottom of the
bowl of the pipe, from whence it can be emptied at will.
We construct the pipe in the following manner :-A circular pipe bowl made of
wood, or clay, or meerschaum, or any other suitable material (and which for
purposes of identification we distinguish as bowl Number 1), having a suitable
mouthpiece, and either a bent or a straight stem, is bored out circularly to its
utmost capacity consistently with the retention of the necessary strength in such
manner as to have perpendicular and parallel sides and the bottom thereof of a
bowl or cup shape. Through the bottom of this bowl and in the centre of it is
bored a large round hole. The inner side of the bowl around the aforesaid hole
is countersunk with a narrow flat countersink to a depth of about half the
thickness of the bottom of the bowl. The sides of the hole below the countersunk
part are tapped with a female screw or thread. Into this or No. 1 bowl is fitted
another one made of clay, or meerschaum, or wood, or any other suitable material,
or combinations of each or either. This bowl for purposes of identification we
distinguish as bowl No. 2. It is perforated at bottom with one or more small
holes, is circular in shape, and has a flange or rim at top corresponding in external
diameter with the external diameter of bowl No. 1. For a short distance below
the said flange or rim the sides of No. 2 bowl correspond in external diameter
with the internal diameter of No. 1 bowl, thus forming what we may call a neck
or second flange. Immediately below this neck, except at three or four points,
placed at equal distances around the bowl (as hereinafter described), the sides of
No. 2 bowl are a little less in external diameter than the internal diameter of No. 1
bowl, and fall perpendicularly downwards, until rounded off to form the bottom
of bowl No. 2, which does not quite reach to the bottom of bowl No. 1. Below
the neck or second flange already described, at the three or four equi-distant points
around the bowl referred to above, the sides of the lesser portion of the bowl are
raised until equal in diameter to the diameter of the neck or second flange, thus
forming three or four projections, which falling perpendicularly from under the
neck, reach downwards to about the middle of the outer sides of No. 2 bowl.
width of each of these projections may be varied, but is not at any time less than
equal to its own thickness, or more than three times the same measurement. It
will thus be seen that when the bowl No. 2 is pushed into No. 1 bowl, there is a
vacant space between it and the interior of bowl No. 1; from below the neck or
second flange already described, except at the three or four points where the
projections described above meet the sides of No. 1 bowl. Bowl No. 2 is bored out
in a similar manner to No. 1 bowl, namely, so as to have perpendicular sides and
a bottom of a bowl or cup shape.
The
Into the space between bowls No. 1 and No. 2, referred to above, is fitted a
third or middle bowl, or cup or reservoir, which for purposes of identification we
distinguish as bowl No. 3, or the middle bowl. This bowl is made of metal, or

page_text: clay, or wood, or any other suitable material, and is as light and as thin as the
material used will allow of, and is perforated with a small hole at bottom. It is
similar in shape to a tundish, circular in form, and rounded off at the bottom part
on the same lines as the bottom of the interior of No. 1 bowl, but tapering away
at the centre to a small tube. The diameter of this No. 3 bowl at the exterior top
edge is as much less than the interior of No. 1 bowl as it is larger at the interior
top edge than the external diameter of the small part of bowl No. 2 below the
neck on the said bowl. The sides of No. 3 bowl are of such height that when it
is fitted in No. 1 bowl (in the manner hereinafter described), they just reach the
undersides of the three or four projections on the sides of No. 2 bowl already
described. On the exterior of No. 3 bowl, and near the top and projecting
outwards, are four small beads or projections which just reach to the interior sides
of No. 1 bowl, and are for the purpose of steadying bowl No. 3 when it is fitted
into No. 1 bowl.
A plug made of ivory, or metal, or wood, or any other suitable material, or
combinations of each or of either, is fitted into and through the hole in the bottom
of bowl No. 1 in the manner hereinafter described. This plug is cylinderical in
shape, with a flange or rim corresponding in diameter and thickness with the
countersunk part around the said hole in No. 1 bowl, into which the said
flange fits exactly. Below this flange the sides of the plug are perpendicular, and
are screwed externally with a male screw thread of the same pitch as the hole in
No. 1 bowl is tapped with and through which the plug is fitted. The top side of
the plug is slightly concave, except in the centre thereof, where there is a slight
convexity or raised lump. On the underside the plug is bored out, leaving the
sides and top of a moderate thickness, and also leaving in the centre a circular
projection projecting downwards from under the top side about half as long as the
plug is deep. Through the centre of the plug and the convexity at top, and passing
through the projection on the underside, is bored a small hole tapering slightly
from the top. This hole is of a bore just sufficient to allow of the taper tube at
bottom of No. 3 bowl passing through it. Around this hole and at equal distances
apart are five or six small holes bored through the thin part of the top side of the
plug. It will be seen therefore by the foregoing description that on the underside
of the plug there is a recess formed by the sides of the before named projection and
the inner sides of the plug itself. Into this recess is fitted a washer made
of sponge or cotton wool, or some absorbent material. The plug is screwed a
through the bottom of No. 1 bowl, and projects on the outerside thereof for a short
distance. On this part that projects is screwed a small cup or cap, which we
designate the bottom cup or cap, or nicotine reservoir, and it is made of metal, or
ivory, or wood, or any other suitable material. It is circular in shape, with either
a cupped or flat bottom, and is tapped internally with a female screw thread of the
same pitch as the male screw thread on the plug before named. Around this cup
on the outerside is a raised band, having milled or serrated edges to provide a firm
hold when screwing it on or unscrewing it off the plug.
When the plug has been screwed well home through the hole in the bottom of
No. 1 bowl until the flange of the plug fits well down into the countersunk part 4
around the said hole arranged for that purpose, bowl No. is dropped into bowl
No. 1, and the taper or tube part at the bottom of No. 3 bowl is passed into and
through the centre hole in the plug, but it is not of a sufficient length to project
beyond it. Bowl No. 2 is then pushed into bowl No. 1 also, when the three or
four projeccions on the sides of No. 2 rest on the top edge of No. 3 bowl, and so 5
hold that down in bowl No. 1, and the four beads on the sides of No. 3 bowl
prevent it from moving laterally. When necessary, the neck or second flange on
No. 2 bowl has a slight recess cut into it to admit of a washer of cork, or leather,
or some elastic material being fitted around it, so as to make it fit the better into
No. 1 bowl; or the neck of No. 2 is screwed with a male screw thread corresponding 5
with a female screw thread cut into the interior of No. 1 bowl at the top thereof,
so that No. 2 bowl can be fixed into No. 1 by screwing the former into the latter.

page_text: We will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings
the manner in which our Invention may be performed.
Figures 1 and 2 represent elevations taken at right angles to one another of a
tobacco pipe, full size, the parts of the said pipe being construced and arranged
according to our Invention, and Figure 3 is a sectional elevation of same pipe,
cutting through No. 2 bowl between the projections below the neck on same, and
through No. 3 bowl, between the beads around top edge of same; Figure 4 shews
plan of the pipe, and Figure 5 the plan in reverse or underside of same. The
separate and disconnected parts of the said pipe are shewn in Figures 6 to 25.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in the several parts of the
Drawings.
Figure 6 is an elevation of the outer bowl, distinguished above as No. 1 bowl;
Figure 7 is sectional elevation of same, shewing the hole a through the bottom of
the bowl and the countersunk part b around same; Figure 8 shews the plan of
No. 1 bowl, with the hole through the bottom and the countersunk part b
around it; Figure 9 shews the reverse or underside of bowl No. 1, and the hole a
through bottom of it; Figure 10 is an elevation of the plug which fits through the
hole a, and shews the collar or flange c which fits into the countersunk part b
in No. 1 bowl; Figure 11 is a sectional elevation of the said plug shewing the
convexity d on the upper side, and projection e on the underside of same. The
course of the holes f, f, through the top side, and the taper hole g through the
centre are also indicated. It also shews the recess h on the underside of plug,
into which the absorbent washer i (see Figure 3), is fitted. Figure 12 is the plan
of plug shewing the taper hole g, the holes f. f, and the convexity d or raised
part in centre; Figure 13 is the reverse plan, or plan of the underside of the plug,
shewing the projection e in the centre and hole g through the same, also the
holes ff, and the recess h; Figure 14 is elevation of the bottom cup or nicotine
reservoir, and shews the raised band around same, having serrated edges;
Figure 15 is a sectional elevation of same cup; Figure 16 is plan of the same;
Figure 17 is plan of the reverse or underside of same; Figure 18 is elevation of the
"middle bowl," or bowl distinguished above as No. 3, and shews the beads or
projections 1, 1, 1, around top, and the taper tube m at bottom. This is the
tube that passes through the hole g in centre of plug. Figure 19 is sectional
elevation of No. 3 bowl, and shews the internal configuration of same; Figure 20
is plan of same and shews the hole or perforation n at bottom of it, and the four
beads or projections 1, 1, 1, on the outerside of same; Figure 21 is plan of same
in reverse, shewing the underside and exit of the hole and the four beads 1, 1, 1,
on the outerside; Figure 22 is elevation of bowl No. 2, and shews the top flange o
with serrated edges, the neck p and washer q around same, also the projections
r, r, r, under the neck, and the holes 8, 8, 8, in the bottom of the bowl; Figure 23
is sectional elevation of the same bowl, and shews the internal configuration of
same, and the recess in the neck, into which the washer q is fitted. The
course of the holes 8, 8, 8, in the bottom of the bowl is also indicated. Figure 24
is plan of the same bowl; Figure 25 is plan of the same bowl reversed, and shews
the points of the projections r, r, r, the underside of the top flange o and of the
neck p, and the exits of the holes 8, 8, 8.
The separate parts of the pipe, as shewn in the Drawings, are put together to
form the complete pipe, as described below.
The plug is screwed into and through the hole a in the bottom of bowl No. 1
until the flange c fits into the countersunk part b, and into the recess h in the
plug is put the sponge or other washer i (see Figure 3). On the part of the plug
that projects beyond the outer and underside of No. 1 bowl the bottom cup is then
screwed home. Bowl No. 3 is then dropped into bowl No. 1, and the taper tube m
passed through the taper hole g in the plug. The convexity & prevents the
bottom of No. 3 bowl from reaching quite to the bottom of No. 1 bowl. Bowl No. 2
is then pushed well home into bowl No. 1, when the projections r, r, r, meet the
top edge of No. 3 bowl. The bottom of No. 2 bowl does not quite reach to the

page_text: bottom of No. 3 bowl. The pipe is then ready for use. No. 2 bowl is held in its
position in No. 1 bowl either by the size of the neck or second flange being nicely
adjusted to the size of the interior of No. 1 bowl, or by the use of an elastic washer
already described, or by the neck of No. 2 bowl and the interior of No. 1 bowl
being screwed in the manner already described.
To cleanse the pipe the bottom cup is unscrewed and emptied and screwed on
again. Bowl No. 2 is taken out, No. 3 bowl shaken out, and the interior of No. 1
bowl wiped out. The parts can then be replaced in the manner already described.
The action of the pipe when in use is as follows:-The tobacco being placed in
bowl No. 2 and lighted the smoke passes through the perforation or perforations in
its bottom into the bowl or reservoir No. 3 (in which it leaves the nicotine extracted
from the tobacco), and passing over the sides of No. 3 flows into bowl No. 1, and
thence through the stem into the mouth of the smoker. The nicotine flows down
the tube at bottom of No. 3 bowl into the small cup or cap affixed to the outerside
of No. 1 bowl. All the condensed breath or moisture from the smoker's mouth
flows down the stem of the pipe into No. 1 bowl, and drops from thence through
the perforations f, ff, in the plug, and through the absorbent washer, into the
outer cup or cap already referred to, and into which the nicotine flows also, and
from thence both can be emptied at will. The washer fitted into the recess in the
plug prevents the collected nicotine and saliva from flowing back into the main
body of the pipe when the pipe is accidentally turned on one side or inverted.
Having now described our Invention, and the manner in which it is to be
performed, we wish it to be understood that we claim as our Invention,―
The use in pipes for smoking tobacco of an inside or "middle" bowl, which we
have described as bowl No. 3 in the foregoing description, to be used in such
pipes as and for the purposes substantially as described and shewn on Drawings.
We also claim the right to affix or join the separate parts one unto another by
any means adapted to that end which shall appear to us most suitable.
We also claim the sole right to make tobacco pipes consisting of such parts as
are described above as bowl No 1 and bowl No. 2 in conjunction with the plug
and bottom cup or nicotine receiver, omitting bowl No. 3, the said parts being
fitted and made substantially as already described and shewn on Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said Harold Evert Grapel and Joseph Candelent,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Tenth day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
Witness,
HENRY GARDNER,
39, Wall St.,
•
Handsworth,
Birmingham.
HAROLD EVERT GRAPEL. (L.S.)
JOSEPH CANDELENT.
(L.S.)