An Improved Mill for the Grinding and Emulsification of Vaccine Material, Flesh, Drugs, and other Substances.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Dec., 1895-Accepted, 29th Feb., 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Mill for the Grinding and Emulsification of Vaccine
Material, Flesh, Drugs, and other Substances.
I, MARINUS JOHAN FREDERIK SCHUTTE of No. 3 Sloterweg Haarlem in the
Kingdom of Holland, Medical Student, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The subject of the present application for Letters Patent consists of a machine
for grinding and emulsification of vaccine material, flesh and the like. By the use
of this machine the waste of material is rendered extremely small and the
emulsification of the lymph is completely effected because material is much more
finely triturated and ground than is possible by means of a hand pestle and mortar
or by means of any mill hitherto employed for this purpose.
Moreover by the processes hitherto in use, the material after being ground must
be mixed for the purpose of emulsification which latter operation is effected
simultaneously with the grinding by my improved machine. Owing to the special
conical form of the pestle or stamper, the wear of the same does not injure its
efficiency in grinding the vaccine material because the pestle will still continue to
fit accurately in the mortar. The mill consists essentially of a pestle and mortar
of hard porcelain, glass, or other suitable hard material. The pestle is shaped
conical with flattish slightly conical base; it fits accurately in the mortar and has
on its periphery spirally curved recesses which are prolonged down to the under
surface of the pestle. The pestle is rapidly revolved in the mortar by mechanical
means and the vaccine material is constantly pressed downwards by means of the
before mentioned spiral channels and thus finally completely ground upon the
bottom of the mortar.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings shews the apparatus in side elevation,
the mortar being in section.
Figure 2 is a view from above of the mortar with inserted pestle.
Figure 3 is a section of the mortar with a different form of pestle.
Upon a plate A is screwed a frame B within which the mortar C is located; the
same is preferably quadrangular, and fits accurately into the frame B.
The pestle D contains in its vertical axis above a quadrangular aperture into
which a vertical shaft a, supported by the frame B, fits by means of its quad-
rangular projection. A second shaft & is placed horizontally in the frame B and
bears outside the frames a flywheel E with handle c. The flywheel contains on
its rim a groove e so that it can if needful be revolved by means of a cord or
strap. Inside the frame is located upon the shaft ba conical spur wheelf engaging
in a similar conical wheel f' fixed upon the shaft a whereby the pestle is revolved.
The shaft a is provided above the frame with an eyelet or handle d' by means of
which the shaft can be lifted out of the pestle in case the mortar requires to be
removed from the mill. An adjusting ring determines the proper position of the
vertical shaft a in the pestle. As already stated the pestle is formed slightly
conical with flattish slightly curved bottom. The mortar is formed correspondingly
so that the pestle fits exactly within the same. The upper surface of the pestle D
is prolonged conically upwards and contains in the middle the hole d. The point
of contact of the pestle with the mortar lies as shown in the drawing somewhat
below the upper edge of the mortar. On the periphery of the pestle four or more
spiral grooves G are provided. The same serve to force the material to be ground
in the mortar downwards, they are slightly curved with rounded edges somewhat
wider above, and underneath, where the side of the pestle joins the bottom

page_text: somewhat narrower. As shown in the Figures 1 and 2 the spiral grooves F are
continued along the bottom of the pestle in the same direction and disappear at g
gradually on the surface of the same, so that the middle part of the bottom surface
is left plane. In the modified form of the pestle displayed in Figure 3 the lower
part of the same is formed hemispherical and the point of contact of the pestle
with the mortar lies below the line I, II. The spiral channels G descend only to
the half of the globular portion and disappear here on the surface. The mortar
and pestle above the line I, II are coned in opposite directions so that the larger
pieces of vaccine material or other articles such as flesh for instance, cau very
readily be pressed down in the mortar. In this construction the channels G are
preferably somewhat less wide than those of the pestle shown in Figures 1 and 2.
Moreover, the emulsification can be effected by means of this modified pestle
equally as well as with the other.
Experiment has proved that the best angle for the spiral channels is such that
the lower end of the same lies directly below the commencement of the next
following one. Although the apparatus is suitable for grinding and emulsification
of all materials, it is especially designed for grinding the tough vaccine material for
vaccination establishments, and for the preparing of meat for young children
which is to be used in a very finely prepared condition.
For the purpose of the emulsification of vaccine material the same is mixed
with a suitable quantity of distilled water and glycerine and placed in the mortar.
Upon the pestle being revolved the vaccine material will in a very short time. be
entirely and perfectly emulsified, and can then be drawn off into tubes for use.
By means of the spiral channels the vaccine material is. constantly pressed
downwards in the mortar, and because the channels end in the direction of the
revolution of the pestle the material is also ground on the edges of the channels
and so to speak, drawn out of the spiral channels and finally completely emulsified
between the bottom of the pestle and that of the mortar. All existing mills
designed for the grinding of flesh and thyreoidia are unsuited for vaccine material
on account of too great waste, and small power of emulsification.. On grinding
flesh a milky reddish fluid is obtained which can be administered to the child mixed
with milk in a feeding bottle. The apparatus is also applicable for grinding other
materials, especially for pharmaceutical purposes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what I
claim is :-
1. Apparatus for grinding and emulsifying all vaccine material, flesh and the
like, characterised by having a pestle D of somewhat conical form ending in a
blunt cope and provided upon its surface with spiral channels G becoming wider
above which pass to the under portion and there disappear, the said pestle being
revolved by mechanical means in a mortar C into which it exactly fits so that the
vaccine material, flesh, or the like is continuously pressed by means of the aforesaid
grooves downwards and in this manner is completely emulsified upon the bottom
of the mortar.
2. In the mill as specified in Claim 1, for the grinding and emulsifying of vaccine
material, flesh and the like, the arrangement of a pestle formed with hemispherical
end in which the point of contact of the mortar with the pestle commences at the
hemispherical bend of the pestle whilst the spiral channels G only reach to about
balf of the hemisphere and in which above the contact point the pestle and the
mortar are each coned in opposite directions so that the larger pieces of vaccine
material or flesh and the like are more easily pressed down into the mortar.
D
W. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
31, High Holborn, London, W.C., Patent Agents for the Applicant.