matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DISENTANGLING AND ARRANGING HAIR
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gustav Lieberknecht at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th February 1870.
I, GUSTAV LIEBERKNECHT, of Wismar, in the Grand Duchy of Meck-
lenburg Schwerin, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DISENTANGLING AND ARRANGING HAIR," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in an apparatus for disentangling and straight-
ening hairs and arranging them with all the roots in one direction, and
the points in the other, thus greatly facilitating future operations. This
has hitherto been done by hand in a very unsatisfactory manner, and as
my apparatus performs its work quickly, economically, and correctly it
will be found most useful to those engaged in the hair trade.
The apparatus is constructed as follows:-A sliding block lined with
satin is moved backwards and forwards by means of a handle, and is
guided by two small ribs fixed to the table on which it rests, the said
table carrying in bearings at each end a toothed wheel gearing into racks
fixed to this sliding block.

page_text: Another sliding block of similar construction but without the handle
is arranged above the former and has racks at each end corresponding to
the racks on the lower block so that the said toothed wheel gears into both
these sets of racks. The hair is fed from a card of the usual construction
between the two sliding blocks, which move in contrary directions by
reason of the bottom block when slid forwards or backwards revolving
the wheels which gear into the top racks and forcing them the opposite
way by this process the hairs are disentangled and straightened, and
laid in order with their head ends in one direction and points in the
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF CONSTRUCTING LADDERS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Ellis at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th January 1870.
I, GEORGE HENRY ELLIS, of No. 91, Gracechurch Street, in the City
of London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF CONSTRUCTING LADDERS," to be as
follows:-
86
My improvements consist in forming the sides and steps of ladders
of tubes made from plain or galvanized sheet iron, steel, or other suitable
material in seperate lengths of convenient size, and in such manner
that the ends of each " length" will slide or fit into or over another
length," by which means a ladder of any size may be quickly put
together or taken to pieces. Each "length" has its sides of varying
diameter so that they will slide or fit into or over each other in the
manner of a telescope. Suitable holes being provided in the
steps are driven in and secured by solder or other means.
step in each "length" acts as a stop for the slide joints.
india-rubber may be attached to the ends of the "length" intended to
rest upon the ground to keep the ladder firmly in position.
sides, the
The first
Pieces of
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Kershaw at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th July
1870.
I, JOHN KERSHAW, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to reduce the wear of the healds, to
improve the quality and appearance of the fabric, to increase the pro-
duction of the loom, and to reduce the labor of the attendant. The
above effects are produced by means of an instrument which I call a
shed setter, which is applied between the vibrator or back roller and the
healds. This instrument consists of a rod of iron or other material, the
ends of which are supported in adjustable brackets fixed to the loom
sides, and this rod bears upon the warp, so that when the shed is opened
it retains the warp threads in their proper positions and prevents any
unnecessary vibration; it also equalizes the tension on each warp thread..
I prefer to place the shed setter at the same distance behind the healds
as from the front of the healds to the fell of the cloth, and when the

page_text: shed is open the lower part of the shed should clear the shed setter
about one-eighth of an inch. The position of the shed setter may how-
ever be varied. By using this apparatus the usual clip rods employed
in fancy weaving and the weaving with what is called two-and-two ends
each way in the lease rods are dispensed with.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN HORSE-SHOES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josiah Harris at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th December
1870.
I, JOSIAH HARRIS, of No. 8, Old Jewry, in the City of London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN HORSE-SHOES," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
This Invention consists in making horse-shoes of gutta purcha, india-
rubber, or other analogous substance or substances, instead of in iron as
at present. The gutta purcha, or other analogous substance is pressed
or run into moulds of suitable shape, or is otherwise suitably formed, and
is hardened by any of the well-known methods at present in use to
different or required degrees of hardness to suit the nature of the road
to be travelled over. I do not confine myself to any particular shape
of shoe, as that shape or form will be used which may be found most
suitable in practice.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN TREATING FARINACEOUS SUBSTANCES AND IN APPARATUS THEREPOR
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Polson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
June 1870.
I, WILLIAM POLSON, of Paisley, in the County of Renfrew, North
Britain, do bereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IM-
PROVEMENTS IN TREATING FARINACEOUS SUBSTANCES AND IN APPARATUS THEREPOR,'
to be as follows:-
"
"
"
This Invention has for its object the production of an improved
material to be cooked in various ways for food, and it consists in treating
maize flour, or the flour of any other farinaceous substance, so as to
convert it into a peculiar granular material by moistening it and then
blowing steam upon or into it, by preference in the state of fine jets,
such as can be made to issue from a rose or perforated plate. The
moistened flour is placed in a pan, which is made to revolve about a
vertical axis, and which is provided with moving or fixed blades for
stirring and mixing the mass. The steam is led by a pipe so as to blow
down upon the mass, and causes the desired modification of the flour,
its action being continued for about ten minutes, or more or less according
to circumstances.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN ROLLING MILLS OR MACHINES FOR MANUFACTURING ROUND AND SQUARE BAR IRON
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th April 1870.-A communication from abroad by Hyacinthe
Vigour, of Charleville, Ardennes, France, Iron Merchant.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son,
of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN ROLLING MILLS OR MACHINES FOR MANUFACTURING
ROUND AND SQUARE BAR IRON," a communication to me from abroad by
Hyacinthe Vigour, of Charleville, Ardennes, France, Iron Merchant, to
be as follows:-
:-
It has hitherto been found impossible to manufacture on the same bar
round and square iron of equal diameter in the round and in the square
part whether by means of vertical or of horizontal grooved rolls, and
this arises from the inability to gear or set the bar delivered from the
first rolls into the second pair with such precision as to ensure perfect
coincidence of the square and round parts with the grooves of the
finishing roll. It is proposed to overcome this difficulty by placing a

page_text: channel or guide between the roughing and the finishing rolls, as shown
on the accompanying Sheet of Drawing, in which A indicates the
channel or guide; B, first roll; C, second roll; D, frame; E, bar.
This application ensures the exactness and precision necessary to obtain
a perfectly regular bar which has hitherto been unattainable.
This Invention while of great simplicity is also of great importance,
and may be summed up as consisting in the application to all rolling
mills or machines for manufacturing round or square iron on a single
bar of a channel or guide for delivering the iron with precision from one
set of rolls into the other.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF MAIZE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th May 1870. A communication from abroad by H. Cavayé & Co.,
of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF MAIZE," a communication
from abroad by H. Cavayé & Co., of Paris, in the Empire of France, to
be as follows :—
This Invention has for its object improvements in the treatment of
maize, by which means not only alcohol, but also oil, sugar, and flour
fit for food may be obtained therefrom, the extraction of the oil is also.
found to render the flour more fit for panification and facilitates the
manufacture of the sugar. For this purpose the maize is submitted to
the action of horizontal grindstones, the hard or horny portion together
with the soft portion which contains oleaginous matter fall together into
a suitable vessel, which is provided at its centre with an agitator driven
by any suitable means, by the action of which the germs or oleaginous
matters which float at the top are separated and removed. These are

page_text: -
then dried before being submitted to pressure for the extraction of the
oil. The hard portion deprived of these germs is then employed either
for distillation or converted into flour. The soft parts or germs are, then
submitted to the action of suitable presses for the purpose of extracting
the oil they contain, and the residuum thus deprived of oil will form
good food for cattle, or may be employed for the manufacture of sugar.
AN IMPROVED MEDICINAL COMPOUND OR STOMACHIC CORDIAL
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Beriah Brook at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th May 1870.
I, HENRY BERIAH BROOK, of Westminster, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Surgeon, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED MEDICINAL COMPOUND OR STOMACHIC CORDIAL," to be as
follows:-
:—
This Invention consists in combining together the following ingre-
dients, matters, or substances, to produce a tonic or stomachic cordial,
namely:-
Corianda seed
Onc ounce.
Carraway seed
Cardamon seed
Seville orange without rhind
Gentian root stripped of its outer bark
Senna leaves (picked)
Syrup of saffron
One ounce.
One ounce.
-
One ounce and a half.
Six drachms.
-
Four ounces.
Six ounces.

page_text: White sugar candy (powdered)
Rectified spirits of wine
Usquebaugh
-
Pure Turkey rhubarb
Red currant wine
-
Eight ounces.
-
Two pints.
One pint.
-
Half drachm.
"
Five pints.
Flavoured according to taste.
The seeds may be either bruised or ground. The other ingredients
are macerated in the spirits of wine and usquebaugh for about four days,
and subjected to gentle heat; after which the currant wine is added, the
heat discontinued, and the mass agitated four or five times a day for
about nine days; it is then filtered and flavoured, if necessary, and is
fit for use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE VENTILATION OF TUNNELS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Dickinson Brunton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th June 1870.
I, JOHN DICKINSON BRUNTON, of Leighton Crescent, Kentish Town, in
the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE VENTILATION OF TUNNELS," to
be as follows:-
my
This Invention consists in ventilating railway and other tunnels
through which steam engines pass by placing in the upper part of the
tunnel to be ventilated a longitudinal tube or chamber of metal or other
suitable material extending throughout the entire length of the tunnel;
or I construct such a longitudinal chamber in the lining or masonry or
brickwork of the tunnel. In either case such a part of the tunnel is
selected as shall be most convenient for receiving into the tube or
chamber the steam, as also the smoke and other products of combustion
as they pass out of the funnels of the engine whilst in the tunnel.
I provide this tube or chamber with a continuous longitudinal flap,
valve, or lid, co-extensive with its own length, and made air-tight by
leather joints, or by a water joint or other convenient means.

page_text: When the flap, valve, or lid is closed the tube constitutes a chamber
which will be practically air-tight, but between the interior of which
and the tunnel a communication can be opened at any point throughout
the length of the tunnel by raising the flap, valve, or lid.
By means of a fan, air pump, chimney stack, or other well known
means, I produce a partial exhaustion of the tube or chamber, and
when under these circumstances the flap, valve, or lid is raised a rush
of air from the tunnel, and of the steam, smoke, gases, and other products
of combustion issuing from the funnel of the engine, if in the
neighbourhood of the opening, will take place into the tube.
In order that this communication between the tunnel and the interior
of the exhausted tube or chamber shall always be opened at the point
most effective for the entire absorption of the steam and products of
combustion into it, I effect the opening by a roller attached to the
engine, which as it passes along opens the flap, valve, or lid in close
proximity to the funnel top, the flap, valve, or lid falling again as the
roller passes forward.
By this means the steam and products of combustion from the engine,
which otherwise would pass into the tunnel mixing with and vitiating its
atmosphere, are drawn into the tube or chamber above described, as well
as a portion of the air of the tunnel itself, which abstracted air is
replaced by other air from the open ends and other inlets of the tunnel,
thus accomplishing at every part of the tunnel and at every time that
an engine passes along through or into it a very effectual ventilation
thereof.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COVERING AND PRESERVING OF MEDICAL AND OTHER PLASTERS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest Scyd at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
September 1870.-A communication from abroad by Dr. Benjamin
Brandreth, in the City of New York, U. S.
I, ERNEST SEYD, of 1*, Princes Street, Mansion House, London, E.C.,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COVERING AND PRESERVING OF MEDICAL
AND OTHER PLASTERS," communicated to me from abroad by Dr. Benjamin
Brandreth, in the City of New York, U. S., to be as follows, viz. :--
For a process of covering and preserving medical and other plasters
with fabrics made from cotton or flax or other fibres in the ordinary
manner.
The advantages claimed by this process are that the covering thus
protecting the face of the plaster can be easily removed by the application
of moisture, leaving the face of the plaster intact and its medicinal and
other properties perfect.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RIVETS, AND IN RIVETTING METAL PLATES TOGETHER
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Ord at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
November 1870.
I, WILLIAM ORD, of Portsea, in the County of Hants, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
RIVETS, AND IN RIVETTING METAL PLATES TOGETHER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved system of rivets and rivetting,
which will be found very suitable for use in rivetting together the
metal plates employed in building iron slips or vessels, or for bridges
or other constructions or works where a high tensile strength of joint
is required, and by the employment of this system a great saving will be
effected both in the material used for the rivets and in the labour
employed in rivetting.
The Invention consists in making the improved rivets of an elongated
cross section (the shape thereof being something like an elongated or
partially elongated O), and such rivets will be used instead of the ordinary
round rivets in all such joints of wrought iron or other plating that now
require to be double or treble rivetted or wherever a high tensile strength

page_text: is required in a rivetted joint. By this system a single rivetted joint
will be made of about equal strength to a double or treble rivetted
ordinary joint, and will be much stronger than a single rivetted joint
made according to the ordinary method.
The improved rivets can be made from iron or metal of the required
section almost as easily as round ones, and plain holes to receive them
can just as easily be punched in the plates; snap or pointed beads or
points can be readily formed on such rivets, and the holes in the plates
can be "trued out" by serrated or cutting drifts of the necessary form,
and when countersunk or flush rivetting is required it can be readily
effected by a slotting drilling machine.
AN IMPROVED WATERPROOF FABRIC APPLICABLE FOR RUGS, CARPETS, TENTS, AND CUTER COVERINGS OR WRAPPERS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Donald Nicoll at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th July
1870.
I, DONALD NICOLL, of Fell Street, in the City of London, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
WATERPROOF FABRIC APPLICABLE FOR RUGS, CARPETS, TENTS, AND CUTER
COVERINGS OR WRAPPERS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to produce a fabric applicable for the
various purposes named above and other analogous purposes, and which
fabric, while being waterproof, is of such a nature that the perspiration or
exhalations from the body will be prevented from condensing on the
clothes and the heat allowed to escape.
In carrying out my improvements I first make a fabric of wool, or of
cotton and wool combined, and having a knotted or twisted nap raised
on one side of the fabric, and to the back of this fabric I attach by a
waterproof cement or varnish a piece of ordinary waterproof cloth made
of cotton, silk, wool, or other material which has been coated on one
side with any of the well known or other suitable waterproof solutions,
cements, or preparations. I thus produce a compound fabric having a

page_text: This
waterproof surface on one side and a knotted, curled, or twisted raised
nap on the other. The raised knots or curls on this side will form
interstices or spaces which are capable of allowing the superfluous heat
of the body and the exhalations arising from the latter to escape.
compound or combined fabric which I call "hydropellis" may be used
either as a rug for covering the body or for ground sheets in the field or
camp, or carpets in bath rooms, or on stone floors, or for waterproof
tents, or articles of clothing, or for saddle cloths, or other analogous
purposes.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF PURIFICATION OF CAST IRON FROM SULPHUR AND PHOSPHOROUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Facundo Joaquin Ramon Carulla
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 24th August 1870.
I, FACUNDO JOAQUIN RAMON CARULLA, of No. 16, Thavies Inn,
Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF PURIFICATION
OF CAST IRON FROM SULPHUR AND PHOSPHOROUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL,"
to be as follows:
: -
Many qualities of cast-iron cannot be employed in the manufacture of
steel owing to the impurities they contain, sometimes in the form of
sulphur, at others in the form of phosphorous, and frequently of both
sulphur and phosphorous.
The object of my Invention is to enable such qualities of cast iron
to be employed in any pneumatic process of manufacturing steel by
eliminating these impurities during the conversion, and I propose to attain
this object by passing or forcing free or uncombined hydrogen gas
through the molten mass of metal. The hydrogen may be obtained by
any of the well-known methods, for example, by means of dilute sulphuric
acid and zinc or iron.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURE OF SULPHURIC ACID
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Oxland at the Office of
•
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th May
1870.
İ, ROBERT OXLAND, of Compton Gifford, Plymouth, in the County of
Devon, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURE OF SULPHURIC ACID," to be as follows:-
The said Invention consists in a method of manufacturing sulphuric
acid by which the gaseous bodies required for its production are forced
into more rapid reaction on each other than in the ordinary system of
making sulphuric acid in lead chambers.
It is especially applicable to the manufacture of sulphuric acid from
the waste sulphurous acid evolved in the calcination of ores containing
sulphur associated with arsenic and other volatile substance, but is also
available in the manufacture of sulphuric acid from sulphur and from
sulphur ores. The process is as follows:-The arrangement of burners
or calciners may be such as is usually adopted, the gases pass off into
flues, and in the case of the presence of arsenic in the ore the flues are
made of sufficient length to allow of the condensation in them of the
arsenious acid evolved. The gases are led into a close vessel contairing

page_text: nitric acid, and are caused to pass through the acid and thence into the
upper part of the vessel, where they mix with low pressure steam. They
pass on to a second vessel in which they pass through sulphuric acid,
and thence in like manner they pass through a series of three or more
vessels containing sulphuric acid of different strengths, the last of the
series being the strongest or over 1.70 specific gravity. An air pump or
exhauster maintains sufficient vacuum to keep up the necessary draft
for the support of combustion in the burners or calciners and for the
forcing of the gases, through the acids.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING AND MEASURING QUANTITIES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Lyon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th October
1870.
I, HENRY LYON, of the City of Manchester, Manager of Gas Works,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR INDICATING AND MEASURING QUANTITIES," to be as follows :-
:-
The object of this Invention is the construction of an apparatus or
arrangement of mechanism to measure solids or liquids by dry measure
with greater facility than has hitherto been practised, and also to indicate
upon a dial plate the quantity which has been measured in a given
period.
Now this Invention consists in mounting a measure, say, for instance,
a bushel measure, at the extremity of a shaft working in bearings in
connection with a train of indicating wheelwork. This shaft is prevented
turning except in one direction by means of a ratchet wheel and pawl
working within an enclosed box, so that when the measure is tilted for
the purpose of emptying its contents such measure is compelled to turn

page_text: completely round with the shaft before it can be refilled, every revolution
of such shaft causing the indicating wheelwork to revolve, and the
number of revolutions of such shaft being indicated by an index finger
or fingers upon a dial plate, which thereby indicates the exact quantity
measured in a given period.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN CONDENSING AND COOLING THE SMOKE AND PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION ARISING FROM STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Stansfield Rake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th October 1870.
I, ALFRED STANSFIELD RAKE, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Consulting
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN CONDENSING AND COOLING THE SMOKE AND PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION
ARISING FROM STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES, AND IN THE APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a mode or method of and apparatus for
condensing and cooling the smoke and products of combustion arising
from steam boiler and other furnaces, and is more particularly appli-
cable to furnaces erected in mines or other underground and confined
situations where the evolution of the smoke, heated gases, and other
products of combustion would be objectionable.
According to this Invention it is proposed to connect the chimney
flue of the furnace with an upright cylindrical or other shaped vessel
or chamber of convenient height, say, from six feet upwards. This vessel
or chamber is provided at or near its upper end or along its sides with
one or more water jet pipes, beneath which are fitted one or more finely

page_text: perforated plates for the purpose of subdividing the water which enters
by the jet pipe or pipes into a number of fine streams so as to form a
shower. This smoke flue from the furnace enters the chamber or vessel
a short distance below the said perforated plate or plates, and the smoke
and products of combustion are consequently cooled and condensed by
coming in contact or being mixed with the descending shower of water.
The condensed products are carried down with the water to the bottom
of the vessel or chamber whence they escape along with the water, the
lower portion of the vessel or chamber being provided with a suitable
opening or openings for that purpose and to allow of the proper main-
taining of the furnace draft, which if found requisite may be assisted by
the application of one or more steam or air jets in the lower part of the
condensing vessel or chamber.
It is further proposed in some cases to fit inside the vessel or chamber
a series of annular ledges and cups or flat "discs or other equivalent
contrivance having for its object the more perfect admixture of the
products of combustion with the water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING PIERS, BREAKWATERS, WHARFS, COFFERDAMS, RIVER AND SEA WALLS, AND OTHER WORKS IN WATER
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
May 1870.
EDWIN CLARK, of Number 5, Westminster Chambers, in the City
of Westminster, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING PIERS,
BREAKWATERS, WHARFS, COFFERDAMS, RIVER AND SEA WALLS, AND OTHER
WORKS IN WATER," to be as follows:-
A series of wrought-iron piles or bolts, with or without screws attached,
are placed at even distances apart. Iron plates, having rings or tubes
cast on the side at opposite corners, are threaded one by one over the
piles and lowered into their position, the piles being made to pass
through the above-named rings, and thus bolt the plates together. The
plates can be made of any convenient size, and be stiffened by means of
ribs, and may be made of either cast or wrought iron. An iron wall in
any depth of water is thus formed in a very rapid and efficient manner,
.

page_text: and by connecting two such walls with transverse bolts, and filling the
interior space with clay, or rock, or concrete, or any other, material, a
solid breakwater or dam may be constructed and rendered water tight if
necessary.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Rudolph Duerre at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th.
February 1870.
I, RUDOLPH DUERRE, of King's Road, Chelsea, in the County of
Middlesex, Watch and Clock Maker, do hereby declare the nature of
my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to what are known as tricycles, and consists in
driving the hind axle by means of an endless pitch chain and chain
pullies actuated by the hands of the rider through the intervention of
winch handles attached to or in connection with the upper pulley, which
is supported on a central upright bracket. The two hind wheels are.
loose upon their axle, and are coupled therewith by means of a ratchet
and pawl motion, so that either wheel is free to revolve loosely when
turning corners or when the rider ceases to actuate the pitch chain.
The front or guiding wheel is carried in a swivelling frame,, which is
curved or plain at an angle from the perpendicular, and contains on
each side 1, 2, or more projecting pins at different heights. for the rider
to place his feet against for the purpose of steering. By reversing this
frame the steering pins will be brought nearer to or removed further

page_text: from the rider according to the length of his legs; or holes or slots
may be provided, and the steering pins adjusted therein to any desired
position. I also propose to make the front wheel a propeller in addition
to the hind wheels, driving it by the ordinary foot cranks, the steering
being effected solely by the action of the feet upon the cranks. If
desired a steering handle may also be fitted to the top of the swivelling
frame, in which case the velocipede may be driven from the front and
hind wheels simultaneously, one hand working the hind wheels and the
other guiding the machine by the cross handles; or the machine may be
driven from either front or hind wheels at the rider's pleasure. Friction
discs are fitted to each of the hind wheels, and friction straps or other
_forms_of_breaks_are_applied thereto_worked_by_the_hand_or_foot_as
preferred.
A NOVEL ARRANGEMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OF GAS BURNER
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Theodore Byron Hubbell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th January 1870.-A communication from abroad by Augustus
Hubbell, of Washington, District Columbia, United States of
America.
I, THEODORE BYRON HUBBELL, of Kentish Town, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
NOVEL ARRANGEMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OF GAS BURNER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel arrangement and construction of
gas burner, which is caused to rotate by the emission or escape of the gas
from orifices or jets in projecting arms arranged at angles to the main
tube of the burner. The rotating action is caused by the backward
pressure of the gas as it escapes in like manner to the action of water
in what is known as "Barker's mill.”
In carrying out this Invention it is preferred to form the vertical,
horizontal, and inclined tubes which constitute the rotating gas burner
of glass (although metal or other material may be employed). The
burner rotates in a vessel or tube containing water or other fluid so as
to form a "water joint" to the vertical tube of the burner. The ends

page_text: .
.
of the glass tubes forming, the burner have metal cups fitted thereon,..
through which the jets of gas issue.. The form and arrangement of
the tubes of rotating burners constructed in accordance with this Inven-
tion may be greatly varied, but may simply consist of a vertical tube
having branch tubes at the upper part arranged at right angles, or
otherwise, and furnished with orifices to form suitable jets when the gas.
is ignited. The vertical tube of the rotating portion of the burner is.
closed at the top end, and is arranged to rest so as to support the burner
upon a needle or other suitable point to form a bearing on which the
burner rotates with as little friction as possible. The rotating vertical
tube descends into a vessel or tube containing water, through which
the inlet tube for the gas rises, and is formed with a point upon which
the inner upper end of the rotating vertical tube of the gas burner is,
supported. The gas issues from an orifice at the top of the inlet tube.
into the vertical tube of the rotating burner, and is prevented from
escaping except at the proper outlet jets by the water joint sealing the
space between the gas inlet tube and the tube of the rotating burner..
Figures or other objects may be mounted upon and arranged to rotate
in combination with rotating gas burners constructed in accordance
with this Invention, whereby very novel, attractive, and ornamental
effects may be obtained for the purposes of illumination..
IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGHTS FOR FIRE-ARMS AND ORDNANCE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Mavitta at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
January 1870.
I, WILLIAM MAVITTA, of Handsworth, in the County of Stafford,
Clerk, War Department, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGHTS FOR FIRE-ARMS AND ORDNANCE," to be
as follows:
My Invention consists in constructing and arranging the parts of the
said sights in the manner herein-after described, whereby the sight is
more readily and exactly raised to the required height than sights of the
ordinary construction.
I will describe my Invention as applied to a rifle. I fix at the usual
place on the rifle a leaf nearly resembling the ordinary leaf. I make the
said leaf turn upon a joint as usual, but I dispense with the ordinary
slide, the V through which the sight is taken being on the top of the leaf
itself. In order to give any required elevation to the said the leaf is
raised to the proper angle, and fixed there by one of a series of stops
constructed as follows:-Two hollow parallel plates are fixed respectively

page_text: on either side of the leaf, the said leaf when shut down occupying the
space between the said plates. Each of these plates has a row of spring:
pins or bolts working through it, each pin or bolt having a spring which
presses it outwards. The pins or bolts on one plate are not, opposite
those on the other but alternate therewith. When it is wished to fix
the V at a particular height the leaf is raised to somewhat above the
angle at which it is to be fixed, and the outer head of the pin or bolt is
pressed upon by the thumb or finger; the inner end of the said bolt or
pin is thereby made to project under the leaf, and the leaf being loosed
its spring presses it down upon the said inner end of the pin or bolt.
The leaf is provided with flanges on its edges, one of which flanges when
the leaf descends upon the pin or bolt engages in a neck behind the head
on the end of the pin or bolt, and the leaf is thereby fixed in its place..
By lifting the leaf so as to disengage its flange from the pin or bolt, the
said pin or bolt springs back into the hollow plate and the leaf can be 1
lowered. I do not limit myself to the means described of making, the
leaf engage with the pin or bolt.
•
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Johnston and Isaac
Bradshaw at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 2nd July 1870.
We, FRANCIS JOHNSTON, Power Loom Cloth Manufacturer, and ISAAC
BRADSHAW, Cotton Mill Manager, both of Blackburn, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to improved apparatus for taking up
cloth or goods, the borders (or in woollen goods the lists) of which are
thicker than the body of the piece.
"
In weaving D nooties or goods with what is termed “crammed
borders" (whether colored or plain) the extra thickness of such borders
cause a rapid increase of diameter or thickness on the cloth beam over
and above the diameter or thickness of the body of the piece, so as to
lead to rapid and unnecessary wear and tear of the healds caused by
the extra tension on the warp forming the border, and the cloth is
not woven tight and even in the middle or body of the piece by reason
of the absence of sufficient or necessary tension, the greater the length

page_text: of cloth wound on the cloth beam, and the more the evil is augmented.
To obviate or remedy this defect we employ an additional roller placed
near the c
emery roller," weighted by lever and weight or spring, the
periphery of the two rollers are thus kept in or near contact, the cloth
or piece as woven passes under and over the " ' emery roller," under
and over the weighted roller above referred to, and from thence to a
third roller, which we term the "receiver." This roller has rotation
imparted thereto by means of friction pullies or driving band from the
"emery roller" or other convenient going part as the "receiver;" or
what serves as the cloth roller in this construction has no part in the
actual "
taking up" of the cloth, the inequalities of diameter or
thickness thereon no longer interfere with the even weaving of the
piece.
Secondly. We apply to the back bearer a trough or vessel containing
size water or coloring matter (the latter when desirable in weaving
colored borders.) The trough contains a roller or a brush, the periphery
of which projects through a groove or opening cast in the back bearer,
so that the yarn passing on and over such roller may be moistened;
this brightens the colors and the yarn weaves better. When desirable to
moisten the whole width of the warp a light jet or vapor of steam
may be turned into the groove or hollow of the back bearer, but I
prefer to employ a roller, as the latter also eases the yarn over the
bearer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COMPRESSING HAY OR OTHER SUBSTANCE AND PUTTING IT UP INTO BALES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Noble Lindsay at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th August 1870.
I, WILLIAM NOBLE LINDSAY, of 21, Quality Street, Leith, Scotland,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR COMPRESSING HAY OR OTHER SUBSTANCE AND PUTTING IT UP INTO
BALES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for
compressing hay or other substance and putting it up into bales. For
this
purpose I have a press supported by four columns, with a plate at
top and bottom; a screw goes through the top plate, to which is attached
a kelter plate; the screw may be propelled directly by a fly, or may be
propelled from the side with another screw and wheel. I also have
boxes, say, three or four, for each machine; these boxes are made with
two solid sides and two sparred sides, one side being hinged in two
places.
The operation is as follows:-The hoop, rope, or whatever it may be
that is used to bind the bale, is placed in the bottom of the box, a
groove being there to receive it; the box is then filled with the hay, or

page_text: whatever it may be, it being pressed down by tramping with the feet; it
is then placed under the press, the kelter plate comes down inside the
box and presses it, a groove being in the lower part of the kelter plate;
the one end of the hoop that binds the bale is passed through the open
bars in the box through the grooves in the kelter plate to the other side,
and made fast; the hinged side of the box is then opened and the bale
taken out; the use of more boxes than one is to allow them to be filled
and ready to be pressed; as soon as one is pressed the other is ready to
go into the press,-and-so-on.-
IMPROVEMENTS IN PENHOLDERS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ising Rheinberg and Nathan
Rheinberg at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 16th November 1870.
We, ISING RHEINBERG and NATHAN RHEINBERG, both of No. 13,
Well Street, Falcon Square, in the City of London, Merchants, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PENHOLDERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in penholders. Our
improved penholder has an ink reservoir from which a continuous
supply of ink is given to the pen whilst it is in use. The handle is
tubular and contains the ink within it; near its lower end is a flexible
tube of vulcanised india-rubber or such like material forming part of
the ink reservoir. A stud is adapted to the side of the handle on which
the finger presses in writing; this stud abuts on the flexible part of the
ink reservoir, which is collapsed by the pressure, and the ink is expelled
through a small perforation in the lower end of the hollow handle and
flows into the pen. When the pressure is removed from the stud the
ink flows back more or less completely, especially if the instrument be

page_text: so inclined as to favor the flow. To fill the reservoir the perforations
at the lower end of the handle is immersed in ink, and a piston which is
contained in the hollow handle is drawn up, or in any other simple way
the reservoir may be supplied with ink.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Horace Brandon at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 29th January 1870.—A communication from François Glisenti,
Manufacturer of Fire-arms, at Brescia, in the Kingdom of Italy.
I, ALEXANDER HORACE BRANDON, of 13, Rue Gaillon, Paris, in the
Empire of France, Oivil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as
follows:-
My improvements relate to that class of breech-loaders called bolt-
guns in which the breech is opened by firstly partially rotating the bolt,
and secondly by drawing back the same, and in which it is closed by
reversing these motions. I make use of a hollow bolt provided with a
handle, in which I place from the back end a percussion or firing pin
actuated by a spiral spring as well as a tubular end piece, which protrudes
partially from the back end of the said bolt, and I unite these three
parts by means of a ring screwed on the end of the bolt. I attach a
flexible extractor to the front end of the bolt, which is maintained in
place by a flexible tumbler, which I raiso partially by finger pressure in
order to introduce the above united breech pieces in the breech. On

page_text: opening the arm by the partial rotation of the bolt I cock the gun by
drawing the firing pin entirely within the bolt by means of a small
stud projecting from the firing pin through the bolt, the side of which
is at that place bevilled for the said purpose; by then withdrawing
the bolt in a straight line I open the breech sufficiently for the intro- &
duction of a cartridge, and at the same time withdraw and expel the
empty shell previously fired off. The withdrawal is effected by the
extractor, and the expulsion by a spring button placed below, which
(depressed by the bolt) rises with force directly it is uncovered by the
bolt reaching the end of its travel. On returning these parts home in the 1
breech and during the partial rotation for locking them the stud which
served to cock the gun is caught against the sear. When the gun
is fired by the trigger the firing pin is liberated and strikes the cartridge
with sufficient force to ignite the cartridge. I place the gun on half-
cock by partially withdrawing and rotating from right to left the small
tubular end piece inserted in the bolt. When the parts are in this
position the stud on the firing pin has entered a small groove, and
they are thereby effectually locked so that no motion can be imparted
to the bolt or the gun fired by pressing the trigger. By reversing
these two motions of the small tubular end piece the gun can be:
fired and the bolt manipulated according to the requirements.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AXLES AND SHAFTS OF VARIOUS DESCRIPTIONS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the.
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th February 1870.-A communication from by Marcius Chaney
and Antoine Deschamps, residing at Firminy, in the Empire of
France, Metallurgists..
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent
Offices, 18, Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 10,
Sackville Street; Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AXLES AND SHAFTS OF VARIOUS DESCRIPTIONS," a
communication to me from Marcius Chaney and Antoine Deschamps,
two persons resident at Firminy, in the Empire of France, Metallurgists,
to be as follows:-
This Invention communicated to me relates to the manufacture of
horizontal shafts and axles, rendering the same much less liable to
breakage, either with an interior core, tubular or solid, and it consists
in rolling up a sheet of steel or iron on itself. The metal bars destined
to form this sheet are in the first place submitted to the furnace in
such a way that the vein of the metal when flattened is in the direction
of the width of the sheet, and consequently longitudinally in the shaft

page_text: or axle, instead of being as is now usual transversally in the same.
To make horizontal shafts or axles with an interior core onc of the
edges of the sheet iron or steel is inserted in a longitudinal groove in
the said core, and the metallic sheet is thus rolled whilst hot around
said core by means of two puppets attached thereto operated by pinions
revolving by any suitable means, when the piece is forged into the
desired shape and finished off by turning thercon the axle journal or
axletree. Tubular shafts or axles can be made by removing the core
after the metallic sheet has been rolled and by fixing and welding at
each end a core sufficiently long for the axle journal or axletree to be
turned thereon.
Finally, to manufacture solid axles or shafts a hollow fixed cylinder
opening on hinges is placed before the ordinary cylinders of the plate
rollers; along the whole length of this cylinder is an opening, through
which the metallic sheet is introduced and compelled by the plate
roller to roll itself up so as to fill the cylinder or tubular box entirely;
this piece is then extracted from said box and worked and finished off
as before indicated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CIGARS, CHEROOTS, AND OTHER ANALOGOUS ARTICLES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Silberberg at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
March 1870.
I, LOUIS SILBERBERG, of Cheapside, in the City of London, Cigar
and Tobacco Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CIGARS, CHEROOTS, AND
OTHER ANALOGOUS ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in the manufacture of cigars, cheroots,
and other analogous articles has for its object to manufacture these
articles of a better quality and at less cost than heretofore, and also
to produce a cigar or cheroot which will draw better and smoke more
pleasantly than the ordinary cigars and cheroots that are usually made
from uncut leaf tobacco.
In carrying out my Invention I take leaf tobacco of good quality, and
by means of any suitable machine I cut it up into fine or narrow shreds,
and of these shreds I take a quantity sufficient to make one cigar,
cheroot, or other analogous article, and I place these shreds on a leaf of
tobacco or other material which I intend to use as the envelope of the

page_text: article, taking care that the fine shreds are arranged parallel to each
other, or as nearly so as is practicable. The leaf or envelope is then
rolled up
and finished in the ordinary way. This operation may be per-
formed either by hand (by young persons of either sex) or the eigars or
other articles may be rolled up and made by any suitable machinery,
care being taken that the fine shreds be kept as parallel as possible.
The article thus made will be found to smoke much more agreeably.
than when made in the ordinary manner.