IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, DOUBLING, TWISTING, AND WINDING COTTON. WOOL. FLAX. SILK. AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Tatham, of Rochdale, in the County of
Lancaster, Machine Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, DOUBLING, TWISTING,
AND WINDING COTTON. WOOL. FLAX. SILK. AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES"
Sealed the 27th March 1855, and dated the 3rd October 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Tatham at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd October 1854.
1, WILLIAM TATHAM, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Machine
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, DOUBLING, TWISTING, AND
WINDING COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, SILK. AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists of, firstly, the application to the devil or teazing
machine of a number of wooden lags or metallic plates, with numerous spikes
or projecting points on their surfaces, to assist the teazing portion of the
machine to break, clean, or separate the fibrous material as it passes through.
Secondly, the application to the carding engine of a tube, funnel, or appa-
ratus for carrying the slivers or fibrous material from the doffer to the
card-box rollers, and in so arranging or constructing such tubes, funnels,
Price

page_text: or apparatus as to prevent breakages in the fibrous materials during such
process.
Thirdly, the application to the coiler or can-filling machine a similar
tube, funnel, or apparatus as that just described for the carding engine, for
conveying the slivers or fibrous material to the rollers of such machine or
apparatus.
Fourthly, the application to drawing frames of tubes, funnels, or apparatus
for conveying the slivers or fibrous material to the rollers of such machines,
and in so arranging or constructing the said tubes, funnels, or apparatus as
to prevent breakages, or to act as a stop motion to prevent roller laps, lumps,
breakages, or other uneven work, whilst the slivers or fibrous material is
passing to or from the rollers of the said machines, and in applying to the
stop motion of such machines a rod or rods, roller or rollers, or apparatus
for forcing and retaining the fibrous material in contact with the conductor
or stopper, whilst the slivers are passing from the cans to the rollers.
Fifthly, the application to roving and slubbing frames of tubes, funnels, or
apparatus, similar to those already described, for conveying the slivers or
fibrous material to the rollers, so as to act as a stop motion for breakages
or uneven work, and in applying the aforesaid rods or rollers in these
machines.
Sixthly, the application to roving and slubbing frames of a peculiar arrange-
ment and construction of spindles and flyers, and machinery or apparatus
for supporting and steadying the spindles and flyers of the said machines
during the working thereof, by means of rails, tubes, or bushes.
Seventhly, in roving and slubbing frames, the means of removing or sepa-
rating the spindle, from the flyers, for the purpose of doffing the bobbins, and
replacing others, by moveable rails or bearings.
Eighthly, in the said machines, by driving the spindles by tooth gearing
applied to the tops of them.
Ninthly, in the said machines, of applying pegs and recesses, so constructed
and arranged on the bobbins or bobbin wheels as to prevent the bobbins
from leaving the wheels that carry them during the process of filling or
copping.
Tenthly, in the said machines, of forming or constructing the flyer tops with
slits for the purpose of carrying the fibrous material more conveniently
down the flyer top to the leg of the flyer when piecing the ends up.
Eleventhly, in the application to throstle frames, doubling, twisting, or
winding machines, a peculiar arrangement and construction of the spindles
and flyers, and the machinery orapparatus connected therewith, for supporting

page_text: and steadying the spindles and flyers during the working, by means of rails,
tubes, or bushes.
Twelfthly, in the application to the last-mentioned machines of a method of
removing or separating the spindles from the flyers, for the purpose of doffing
the bobbins and replacing others, by moveable rails or bearings.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Tatham in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
3rd April 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
TATHAM, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Royal
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Tatham, Her special licence that I, the said William Tatham,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
William Tatham, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, DOUBLING, TWISTING,
AND WINDING COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Tatham, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Royal Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Tatham, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):--
My Invention consists, firstly, in the application to the devil or teasing

page_text: machine of a number of wooden lags or metallic plates, with numerous
spikes or projecting points on their surfaces, to assist the main teasing portion
of the machine, and to break, clean, or separate the fibrous material as it passes
through it.
Secondly, in the application to the card-box rollers of the carding engine,
to the rollers of the coiler or can-filling apparatus, and also to the rollers of
the drawing, slubbing, and roving frames, of a tube, funnel, or similar appa-
ratus, with a yielding plate or spring, to yield or give way when any uneven
yarn or thread is passing through, and thus prevent breakages.
Thirdly, in the application to roving and slubbing frames of a peculiar con-
struction and arrangement of spindles and flyers, with machinery and appa-
ratus, and the mode of supporting and steadying them, by means of rails or
similar contrivances, during their rapid revolutions.
Fourthly, in the application of an improved arrangement of toothed gearing
for driving the flyers or spindles of roving and slubbing frames.
Fifthly, in the application to the said machines of pegs and recesses, so
constructed and arranged on the bobbin or bobbin wheels as to prevent the
bobbins from leaving the wheels or driving bosses that carry them during the
process of filling or copping.
Sixthly, in the application to the said machines or flyer tops, constructed
with slits in them, for the purpose of conveying the fibrous material more
easily down the flyer top to the leg of the flyer when piecing the end up.
Seventhly, in the application to throstle frames, doubling, twisting, or
winding machines, of a peculiar arrangement and construction of spindles and
flyers, and the machinery or apparatus connected therewith; also of a peculiar
mode of supporting and steadying them by means of rails and tubes; all of
which improvements will be clearly understood by reference to the accom-
panying Sheet of Drawings, in which each Figure has its own letters of
reference.
Fig. 1 is a section of the principal portion of a teasing machine or devil
with my improvements attached; Fig. 2 is a top view of part of the same.
Fig. 3 is a section of a pair of rollers, applicable to carding engines, coilers,
drawing, slubbing, and roving frames, or to any machines used for preparing
fibrous materials, with which my improved tube or apparatus is applicable;
Fig. 4 is a plan of the same; Fig. 5, a section of another modification of appa-
ratus for effecting the same purpose. Fig. 6 is a section ofa portion ofa roving,
slubbing, and jack frame, shewing the first of my improved arrangements, and
the modes of supporting and steadying the spindles and flyers during their rapid
revolutions; Figs. 7 and 8 are details of the same; Fig. 9 is a view of a

page_text: bobbin wheel and bobbin, shewing the peg in the wheel and recess in the
bobbin. Figs. 10 and 11 are two views of the top of a roving flyer, shewing
the position of the slit for passing the fibrous material through when piecing
the ends up; Fig. 12 is an end view, shewing my arrangement of toothed
gearing for driving the spindles and flyers of the last-mentioned machine;
Fig. 13 is an end view of a modification of Fig. 12. Fig. 14 is a plan of
another arrangement of toothed gearing for driving two rows of spindles by
means of one driving shaft. Fig. 15 is a front view of one of the ends of a
throstle frame, and complete elevation in section; and the external appearance
of two throstle spindles with flyers, bobbins, and driving wharves, mounted for
working, according to one of my improved arrangements, for supporting and
steadying the spindles and flyers during their rapid revolutions, which improve-
ments are also applicable to other descriptions of doubling. twisting, or winding
machines. Figs. 16, 17, and 18 are views of other modifications of my
improvements for producing the same effects. Figs. 19 and 20 are sectional
elevations of spindles applicable to machines where cops are formed on the
spindles, tubes, or bobbins. Figs. 21 and 22 are detached views of parts of
the aforesaid arrangements. Fig. 23 is a complete elevation, in section and
external appearance, of two throstle spindles, with flyers, bobbins, and driving
wharves, mounted for working, according to another of my improved arrange-
ments, for obtaining greater support and steadiness. Fig. 24 is a view of
another modification of the last-mentioned arrangement. Fig. 25 is a sectional
elevation of a throstle spindle, flyer, bobbin, and wharf, as mounted for working
in conjunction with the well-known ring and traveller movement, constructed
according to another of my improved arrangements; and Fig. 20 is a plan
of the same.
The improvements applied to the devil or teasing machine are shewn
at Figs. 1 and 2, in which a represents the ordinary toothed cylinder; b,
the apron; c and d, the feed rollers, between which is placed the toothed
roller e, for opening out and drawing the fibrous material as it passes
through; f, the teeth or spikes, fixed securely in cross bars of wood or other
suitable material, as seen at 9, which bars are attached to the slides h,
made to move to and from the cylinder a by means of cams or other suitable
contrivance. Each cross bar has a corresponding plate of metal or other
material, through which the teeth (f) pass, and are cleared of the fibres that
may be attached to them. The application of the tube, funnel, or apparatus
as applied to the carding engine, coiler, or can-filling machine, drawing or
slubbing and roving frames, is shewn in Figs. 3 and 4, in which a represents

page_text: a pair of rollers, above which is shewn the tube or funnel b, with my improved
spring presser or yielding plate d. The fibrous material is represented at e,
which, in its passage through the tube or funnel b, the spring presser or
yielding plate gives way to any unevenness that may be in the fibres.
In Fig. 5
the presser and yielding plate f is constructed as a lever, turning upon its
centre at y, the pressing power being obtained either by means of a spring or
weight applied at h, or other similar contrivance. In Fig. 6, a represents
the revolving spindle as applicable to roving, slubbing, or jack frames, to
which the flyer b of the ordinary kind is attached in the usual manner; the
lower part of the spindle a has a cylindrical cavity formed in its centre, as
shewn in section at c, made to fit and work freely found the stationary spindle
or stud d, which is attached to the rail e by means of the nut f. The collar
at g, on the stationary spindle or stud d, is formed with a cup or dish, on
which rests the spindle or spindle wheel, and also to hold oil for supplying
or lubricating the interior of the spindle a during its revolutions, seen also
detached at Fig. 7. The stationary spindle or stud d is seen detached at
Fig. 8, in which is shewn at h a groove for the free passage of the oil, which
groove I make either zig-zag or in the form of a scroll, either on the stud d
or within the cylindrical cavity of the spindle a. Although I have in the
accompanying Drawing only shewn a groove, I propose, if preferred, merely
to flatten to a small extent one side of the spindle, which will answer the
same purpose as the groove. k and are two wheels for receiving and
communicating motion to the spindle and bobbin in the usual manner. By
this arrangement it will be seen that I reduce to a great extent the distance
between the two rails e and o, and thereby dispense with the necessity of two
sets of casing boards. My improved method of locking the bobbiu of roving
and slubbing frames with the wheel or driving boss that carries it is seen at
Fig. 9, in which shews a portion of a roving bobbin, with the recess q
made to correspond with and receive the angular or other shaped pegs, fast
ou the wheel or boss which supports the bobbin when working. To obtain
greater convenience in passing the fibrous material into the eye of the flyer,
I use one or two slits, as shewn in Figs. 10 and 11, in which represents the
eye of the flyer, and u the slits, placed at such positions as to allow of easy
entrance, but difficult of escape when working. In Fig. 12 is shewn an
improved arrangement of toothed gearing, applicable to roving or slubbing
frames, for driving the flyers when supported in top bearings. a represents
the front part of the machine; b, the flyers; c, the driving wheels, which
communicate motion to the wheels d, attached to the flyers b; the ordinary

page_text: position of the wheels c is in the front of the flyer tops, causing encreased
space and great inconvenience when piecing or conveying the fibrous mate-
rials from the rollers through the flyers to the bobbins of the said machine.
It will be seen, by reference to this Figure, that I place the shafts of the
driving wheels behind the flyer tops, and thus acquire the advantages
which are desired in the ordinary arrangement. In Fig. 13 I shew another
modification of the improvement last described. The driving shafts and
wheels y are both placed between the back and front rows of the flyer tops b,
thereby obtaining the same effects as in Fig. 12, but with a little less space.
In Fig. 14 I shew a plan of another arrangement of toothed gearing (as
applicable to the aforesaid machines) for driving two rows of spindles by
means of one driving shaft instead of two; the same arrangement may also
be applied to drive the bobbins or flyers. a represents the driving shaft, to
which are attached the driving wheels b, working into the wheels or pinionse,
which communicate motion to the spindles, flyers, or bobbins. It will be
observed that besides the economy of employing but one shaft where two have
hitherto been used, it is more convenient, in consequence of taking up less
space. In Fig. 15 is shewn a portion of the front view of a throstle with
one spindle.in section, and another in external elevation, mounted for working,
as applicable to throstle frames, or doubling, twisting, and winding machines,
in which a represents the revolving spindle, to which the flyer and wharf c
of the ordinary kind are attached in the usual manner. In this arrangement
the spindle is made to revolve upon the stationary spindle or studd, attached
to the rail e; the stud d is made or furnished with a cup or dish f, to support
the spindle d, and to supply its interior with oil or lubricating matter by
means of the groove or flattened surface already described; it may also be
supported on the point of the stationary spindle or stud d. The bobbin
seen at g has two internal diameters, corresponding with those parts of the
spindle a, upon which it works, and is supported on the bobbin or copping
rail in the usual manner. In Fig. 16 I shew another sectional elevation
of a throstle spindle /, in which the stationary spindle or stud differs from
the last described by being of two diameters, thicker at the lower part and
smaller towards the top, where the lower part of the bobbin m works; the
cylindrical cavity of the spindle is made of diameters corresponding to
those of the spindle or stud 1, on which it works. In Fig. 17 is shewn
another modification of two throstle spindles n, and studs or stationary
spindles o, one in section, and the other in external appearance; the part
upon which the bobbin p works is of one diameter instead of more, as those

page_text: already described. In Fig. 18 I shew a section of a stationary spindle or
stud p, of greater length than in the former examples, and surrounded with
a cylinder or tube 7, to which is attached the wharf and flyer, and also
upon which the bobbin works. In Fig. 19 I shew a sectional elevation of
another revolving spindle, working on a stationary spindle or stud, as in the
last examples, and applicable to mules, jennies, or those machines when cops
are formed on the spindles, tubes, or bobbins. a represents the revolving
spindle, the upper part of which is taper; b, the stationary spindle or stud;
and c, the cop. Fig. 20 is a sectional elevation of another modification of
the last-described arrangement, in which the revolving spindle a is tubular,
mounted upon the stationary spindle or stud b. In order to economise the
manufacture of the stationary spindles or studs, I make them of two parts,
a and b, as shewn in Figs. 21 and 22; the lowest part a, which is secured
to the stationary rail, has a hole or cavity, into which the upper part b
is firmly fixed, as though it were all of one piece. In Fig. 23 I shew
another of my improved arrangements of spindles and flyers, and appa-
ratus connected therewith, applicable to the same purposes as those shewn
in Figs. 15, 16, 17, and 18. a represents part of a copping rail, which
moves in guides in the usual manner, supporting the spindle or rod b,
to which is attached the drag plate c, carrying the bobbin d. The
stationary rail is shewn at e, to which is fixed a tubular stud f, through
which the spindle 6 passes. g is a tube or cylinder, to which the driving
wharf h and flyer are attached, supported by and made to revolve around
the tubular stud f. I form the flyer of such a construction as to cause
the ends to be turned downwards, or any contrivance equivalent thereto,
for the purpose of lapping or twisting the yarn or fibrous material around
them, as seen at k, in order to obtain the necessary drag, which cannot
be obtained from flyers as they are usually made when placed in the position
shewn at Figs. 23 and 24. In Fig. 24 I shew a slight modification in section
of the arrangement last described. The flyer is of the same form, and is
either attached to, or forms part of, the tube or cylinder %, which revolves at
once upon the rod without an intervening tube, as shewn in Fig. 23. At the
upper part of the spindle or rod b, and in the interior of the bobbind, seen at
Fig. 24, I place a tube l, of metal or other material, which revolves freely with
the bobbin round the traversing spindle b, for the purpose of preventing the
excessive wear and tear of the bobbin during its revolving action. In Fig. 25
I shew a sectional elevation, and in Fig. 26 a plan, of an improved arrange-
ment of an ordinary flyer in connection with the ring and traveller movement.
b

page_text: a represents the stationary rail, to which is fixed the stud or spindle b, on the
upper part of which the bobbin c is placed, and furnished with the tube d, to
prevent excessive wear to the bobbin, as in the arrangement last described.
Upon the stud or spindleb is placed a tube or cylinder e, with the wharve (f)
and flyer y attached to it; the copping rail carries a ring, fitted with the
traveller, the ring being of such a diameter that it may traverse vertically
clear of the flyer g. The traveller is made to move freely on the ring in
the ordinary manner, but has a projection upon its inner edge, which comes
in contact with one of the arms of the flyer g, thus carrying the traveller
round the ring at the rate at which the flyer works; by this arrangement
the spindle has a shorter length, and the flyer is so placed that the bobbin
can be easily taken off and replaced without removing the flyer, as is usually
the case.
Having thus fully described the nature and particulars of my said Invention,
and the manner of carrying the same into practical effect, I desire it to be
distinctly understood that I do not confine myself to the exact details herein
set forth, as such may be varied or modified without departing from the
principle thereof; neither do I confine myself to the metals or materials herein
mentioned, as I can use for the purposes of my Invention iron, steel, brass,
wood, or any other suitable metal or material; but I claim as my Invention,
and which, to the best of my knowledge and belief, has not been hithertoused
within this realm,-
Firstly, the application to the devil or teasing machine of a number of
wooden lags or metallic plates, with numerous spikes or projecting points on
their surfaces, to assist the main teasing portion of the machine.
Secondly, the application of a tube or funnel, or similar apparatus, with a
yielding plate or spring, applicable to the card-box rollers of the carding
engine, to the rollers of the coiler or can-filling apparatus, and also to the
rollers of the drawing, slubbing, and roving frames.
Thirdly, the construction and arrangement of spindles and flyers, with
machinery or apparatus, and the mode of supporting and steadying the spindles,
and flyers, by means of rails or similar contrivances.
Fourthly, the application of an improved arrangement of toother gearing.
for driving the flyers or spindles of roving and slubbing frames.
Fifthly, the use of recesses in the bobbins and pegs in the bobbin wheels or
bosses.
Sixthly, the construction of flyer top with slits.
And, seventhly, the construction of spindles and flyers with the machinery

page_text: and apparatus connected therewith, and the mode of supporting and steadying
them, by means of rails and tubes, as all such improvements are herein
described and illustrated in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof; I, the said William Tatham, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Second day of April, One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-five.
WILLIAM TATHAM. (..S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the within-named
William Tatham, in the presence of
E. J. HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.