IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LACE IN TWIST LACE MACHINES
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederic Rainford Ensor, of the Park, Nottingham,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LACE IN
TWIST LACE MACHINES."
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Frederic Rainford Ensor
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition
and Declaration, on the 6th July 1870, pursuant to the 9th Section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERIC
RAINFORD ENSOR, of the Park, Nottingham, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF LACE IN TWIST LACE MACHINES," and have petitioned
Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria to grant unto me, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the
same, and have made solemn Declaration that I am the first and true
Inventor thereof.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederic Rainford Ensor, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
lace in twist lace machines.
I employ two bobbin threads to produce pearls or loops on the edge
of a breadth of lace, and the same bobbin threads I employ as the weft
threads of the weaving or cloth band, which in some descriptions of lace,
such as Valenciennes, it is usual to have immediately within the pearl
edge. This is not in itself new, but I so work the threads, as herein-
after described, as to obtain a better separation between the weaving or
cloth band and the pearl edge by the twist of the wefting threads than
has before been attained, and also so as to obtain more effectually than
heretofore a turned-over bobbin pearl in which the threads are twisted
together.
Diagram 1 illustrates my Invention, showing the positions of the
threads in a piece of lace made according to my Invention. The num-
bered threads 3 to 16 are warp threads, and the numbers indicate the
position of the warp bars carrying the threads in the machine, as is well
understood. B and C are the wefting and pearling bobbin threads.
More twist is here represented on the pearl loop, and also between the
pearl edge and the weaving or cloth band, than has ever heretofore been
practically obtained. The way in which I obtain it is clearly set. forth
in the "Table of Motions on the Diagram Sheet which forms part of
this my Specification.
"
Diagram 2 indicates the way in which the pearl turns over by a
portion of the twist of the two pearl threads passing off.
Diagram 3 shows the fugitive or draw threads 1 and 2 and A, which
are used to aid in forming the pearl to hold it in position and to connect
the breadths of lace together so long as it remains in the machine and
until it has been dressed or stiffened. The numbered threads are warp
threads, and the thread A is a bobbin thread.
Diagram 4 indicates the positions in which the threads would stand
if the pearl loop did not turn over. This diagram is given because it is
more easily compared with the table of motions than the diagram 3,
representing the actual result of the motions.
It will be obvious to a machine lacemaker that part of the twist in
the pearl and part of that between the pearl edge and the weaving or

page_text: cloth band may be omitted without otherwise departing from my method
of working; but I do not recommend this omission; indeed the obtaining
more twist than heretofore in these parts is an important feature in my
Invention.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, I would have it understood that I claim, as my
improvements in the manufacture of lace in twist lace machines, the
production substantially in the manner described of weavings or cloth
bands and turned-over pearl edges with the bobbin threads wefting
the weaving, also forming the pearl loops and being twisted together
between the pearl edge and the weaving or cloth band.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederic Rainford Ensor, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of July, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
FREDERIC RAINFORD ENSOR. (L.S.)