Improvements in Dynamo-electric and Electro-dynamic Machines.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Feb., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 24th Nov., 1890-Accepted, 24th Jan., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Dynamo-electric and Electro-dynamic Machines.
I, ANTOINE CHARLES REIGNIER, of Boulevard de Strasbourg 23, Paris, France,
Electrical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to an improved construction of dynamo-electric and electro-
dynamic machines of simple construction in which the parts are so arranged as to
afford a very favorable utilisation of the mechanical or electrical energy expended.
These advantages are obtained by means of a peculiar method of coiling the armature,
whether this be of the drum, ring, disc or other form. By way of example I will
describe this method in regard to constructions with a drum armature and with a ring
armature.
In the first named construction the armature axis is fixed, the drum being made
to revolve upon it, and upon the axis is fixed a magnetic core; the coiling of the
armature consists of groups of laminae which are successively of insulating material,
of iron, of copper, of iron, of insulating material, of iron, of copper, of iron, of
insulating material, and so on. The copper laminae are extended and serve as
conductors which terminate in collecting conductors of iron or steel. Between the
groups of the armature are iron wedges filling the angular gaps produced, and secured
by bolts. Thus it will be seen that the armature consists of a series of eleinents which
repeat themselves, namely:
1. A series of iron laminae (magnetic substance).
2. A series of copper laminae (conducting material).
3. A series of laminae of insulating material.
4. A series of fixing devices of wedge form serving to secure together in cylindrical
form, the several groups of laminae forming together a cylinder armature.
The soft iron cylindrical core may either be fixed to the axis as before stated, or it
may revolve with the cylinder armature. In this case the core must be carefully
divided in the usual inanner in order to avoid Foucault currents.
It may be formed of a certain number of discs insulated by bitumenized paper
fitted upon a steel axis and secured by two soft iron washers. This core is sur-
rounded by a thin insulating coating on which rests the cylinder armature above
described.
When the revolving core assumes a certain size, it is subject to a loss of energy
which does not occur when the core is stationary.
The above described construction of armature presents the following advantages: it
is built up of parts of identically the same shape, which are consequently capable of
being very economically manufactured; it is very easily put together from a certain
number of identically formed components; and it operates very advantageously in
regard to the magnetic functions utilised in dynamos.
The coiling adopted is that of a druin having its two layers situated upon one and
the same circumference. The ordinary Siemens coiling with two layers may also be
employed. In principle, there may be as many layers as desired. Each induction
loop has its two sides which are perpendicular to the lines of force, formed of magnetic
material to which is added a thin layer of copper, and its other two sides are so formed
that the junctions of the magnetic sides of the next loop are in close contiguity, with a
slight interval, with the preceding junction. The two inagnetic sides of an element of
the armature are connected by junctions of copper or of other conducting metal,

page_text: having the form of a very thin band, which is nipped between the two laminae or the
combined laminae that form a magnetic side.
These junctions are so formed that they do not interfere with each other.
For terminating the induced circuit there are connected together on one face of the
drum the magnetic sides of the divisions p to p + (n + 1)-n being the number of
generatrixes before one pole, and the side p with p + (n + 1) on the other face of the
drum. The points of junction thus obtained constitute on the one face or the other,
the laminae of the ordinary collector of dynamo machines.
But I prefer to employ for small machines the following arrangement performing
the function of collector, which in point of fact hardly exists as such, the armature
being itself made to serve as collector by means of its magnetic parts.
For the better understanding of this arrangement will consider the Siemens
coiling in which the two layers are not superposed, but alternate on the same
circumference, as I arrange them.
If it be assumed that all the junctions extend slightly beyond the laminae of the
magnetic sides, there will be produced two parallel toothed rings, which constitute
the collecting laminae for the induced current.
It will suffice to place a brush on each of the collecting rings for collecting the
induced current. It will be readily seen that each brush has two possible positions.
The improved machine consequently has the novel feature of having its two brushes
either side by side, or diametrically opposite. In practice I surround the magnetic
sides with two split insulated rings, in which the junctions are fixed. There may also
be only a single ring and two diametrically placed brushes, or the rings may in some
cases be entirely dispensed with.
The same principle of construction as above described can also be applied to
machines with ring armatures.
For this purpose there are fixed on the armature axis two collars having four arms
which hold separated from the axis a group of annular discs or washers of iron which
constitute the magnetic part of the armature.
This group of discs is held firmly between two thicker ond dises by means of two
insulated bolts passing through all the discs and rivetted or bolted to the outer ones.
The electric circuit which surrounds the ring is composed of three distinct parts:
1, the part of the circuit which is external to the ring, 2, the internal part, and, 3 the
lateral junctions.
The external part is constructed in the same manner as previously described with
the drum arrangement, the elements being either secured by wedges as before
described, or the laminae may themselves be formed of wedge shape. The inner
circumference of the ring being less than the outer circumference, it is necessary in
order to present the same conducting power, to make the laminae of a material having
greater conducting power; for this purpose I make them all of copper.
They are carried by the shaft by means of two insulating sleeves, above which are
copper laminae serving as junctions between the inner and outer laminae.
The inner and outer laminae are held securely in position at one end by a disc
screwed on to a threaded part of the shaft and having circular grooves into which the
ends of the laminae fit and at the other end by a disc composed of two parts, namely a
central one screwed on to the shaft, and an annular one screwed on to the contral
part.
The collector may be constituted either by the one end of the groups of laminae on
which the collecting brushes bear direct, or by an extension of the junction laminae,
the extension being soldered to a collecting ring formed of plates which are held
together by a disc secured by screws to the disc screwed on the axis.
Dated this 25th day of February 1890.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: best understood by reference to Fig. 4 in which the interior circle represents the
usual collector for Siemens coiling, and the large circle is that of the magnetic sides.
Each plate of the collector is seen to be connected to the two magnetic sides of one
element by two curved branches. All the junctions occupy two planes all the even in
the one plane and the odd in another parallel plane. For completing the induced
circuit there are connected together on one face of the drum the magnetic sides of the
divisions P to P +(n+1)-n being the number of generatrixes before one pole)
and the side with
+(n+1) on the other face of the drum. The points of junction
thus obtained constitute on the one face or the other, the plates or segments of the
ordinary collector of dynamo machines.
But I prefer to employ for small machines the following arrangement to perform
the function of collector, which in point of fact hardly exists as such, the armature
being itself made to serve as collector by means of its magnetic parts.
For the better understanding of this arrangement I will consider the Siemens coiling
in which the two layers are not superposed, but alternate on the same circumference, as
I arrange them. If it be assumed that all the junctions extend slightly beyond the
laminæ of the magnetic sides, there will be produced two parallel toothed rings, which
constitute the collecting plates for the induced currents.
It will suffice to apply a brush on each of the collecting rings for collecting the
induced current. It will be readily seen that each brush has two possible positions.
The improved machine consequently has the novel feature of having its two brushes
either side by side, or diametrically opposite. In practice 1 surround the magnetic
sides with two split insulated rings, in which the junctions are fixed. There may also
be only a single ring and two diametrically placed brushes, or the rings may in some
cases be entirely dispensed with.
The same principle of construction as above described can also be applied to
machines with ring armatures as shewn by Figs. 9 and 10 which are respectively a
longitudinal and a transverse section of such a machine.
For this purpose there are fixed on the armature axis A two bosses G each having
four arms d which hold separated from the axis a group of annular discs or washers T
of iron which constitute the magnetic part of the armature.
This group of discs is clamped firmly between two thicker end discs & by means of
two insulated rivets & or bolts passing through all the discs.
The electric circuit which surrounds the ring is composed of three distinct parts:
1, the part of the circuit which is external to the ring; 2, the internal part; and 3,
the lateral junctions.
The external part is constructed in the same manner as in the coiling of the drum
machine above described. The elements are either secured by wedges as before
described, or the lamina may themselves be formed of wedge shape as shown in Fig. 11.
The inner circumference of the rings being less than the outer circumference it is
necessary for passage of the same current to make it of greater conducting power;
for this reason I make all the laminæ of copper and insulating material.
They are carried by two insulating sleeves M above which are the copper lamina J
serving as junctions between the inner and outer laminæ 7 and L..
The inner and outer laminæ are held securely in position at one end by a disc P
screwed on to a threaded part of the shaft A and having circular grooves into
which the ends of the laminæ fit and at the other end by a disc made in two parts a
central part S screwed on to the shaft, and an annular part R screwed on S.
The collector may be constituted either by the one end of the groups of lamina on
which the collecting brushes bear direct, or by an extension of the junction lamina J
the extension being soldered to segments Ġ which are held together by a disc rr
secured by screws b.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A dynamo inachine whereof the armature is built up first of a number of similar

page_text: parts each consisting of laminæ of iron, copper and insulating material, each laminæ
of copper pushed between two lamina of iron outside of which are two insulating
laminæ, and secondly of wedge pieces fixing the groups of laminæ, the whole forming
a hollow cylinder surrounding a soft iron core and revolving on ball bearings, the
armature being either a drum with Siemens coiling or a ring with Gramme coiling or
of any equivalent kind.
2. The construction of the drum machine described with reference to Figures 1 to 8
inclusive with connections as explained with reference to Figs. 4, 7 and 8.
3. The modified construction wherein the junctions extend beyond the laminæ of
the magnetic sides to parallel insulated collecting rings situated at one end of the
machine and of the same diameter as the drums with the brushes bearing on them.
4. The machine of ring type shewn in Figs. 9, 10 and 11 having its armature
consisting of an annular laminated nave carrying externally iron, copper and insulating
lamine as in the drum machine, and internally copper and insulating lamina con-
nected to the external laminæ as described, and to a collector with diametrically
opposite brushes.
Doted this 24th day of November 1890.
ABEL & IMKAY,
Agents for the Applicant'