IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BATHS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Smith, of the Firm of George Smith and Company,
Sun Foundry, Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BATHS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd January 1880.
GEORGE SMITH, of the Firm of George Smith and Company, Sun Foundry,
Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF BATHS."
This Invention, which relates to improvements in the construction of baths, and
to the construction of a new composite bath, consists in the making of the outer
parts of such vessels of cast iron, in one or more pieces of suitable form, and
perfectly water-tight.
The inside surfaces of the ironwork are formed with grooves, projections, or
studs, or otherwise roughened, for more securely causing the adhesion of a layer of
cement on which the porcelain or other inside lining is laid.
The interior of such outer safes are then lined with decorated or plain porcelain,
or marble tiles, or toughened opal glass, or equivalent material; the plates or pieces
of which are securely fixed to each other by locked or dove-tail jointing and
cement interlaid, and firmly held in position by an overhead flange cast on the
inside of the outer casing, or by intersecting bolts or screws.
The cement preferred to be employed for this Invention is copal, metallic, or
Portland.
By means of this Invention cast iron baths may be lined and a composite bath
produced, as hereinbefore described.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said George Smith in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st July
1880.
GEORGE SMITH, of the Firm of George Smith and Company, Sun Foundry,
Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF BATHS."
:
My said Invention relates to improvements in the construction of baths, and
consists in making a new composite bath as follows:-
The outer part of a bath constructed according to my Invention is made of cast
iron and in one piece, or in several pieces of suitable form, fastened together
securely and so as to be perfectly water tight. The inside surface of the ironwork
is formed with grooves or projections or is otherwise roughened or formed of an
unequal surface, and a layer of cement is spread upon this roughened interior of
the bath. I prefer to use copal, metallic, or Portland cement for this purpose.
Upon the layer of cement is placed an inside lining consisting of tiles of porcelain,
marble, or of toughened opal glass, or equivalent material. The said tiles or pieces
forming the lining are held together by cement between the joints, and they may
. be formed to dovetail or lock the one into the other for giving a firmer joint. The
backs of the said tiles or pieces which are in contact with the cement may be
formed with grooves, or projections, or be otherwise roughened to give a better
hold for the cement. An overhead flange is cast or formed all round the inside of
the outer casing of the bath, the said flange projecting inwards and overlapping
the upper edge of the top layer of tiles or pieces of the lining; or bolts or screws
may be employed to hold the said tiles in position in the place of or in addition to
this flange.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawing represents in longitudinal section,
Figure 2 in side elevation, Figure 3 in plan, and Figure 4 in transverse section a
bath constructed according to my Invention; Figure 5 illustrates a part of one side
of a bath drawn to a larger scale. The outer part A is of cast iron, and may be
cast in piece; or it may be cast in several pieces, fastened together by bolts
and nuts, as at a, Figure 5, or in any other convenient way of forming a water
tight joint. The inside surface of the part A is formed with projections, as at a³
or a³, Figure 5; or grooves, as at a', Figure 5. The layer of cement spread upon
the interior of the outer casing A is marked B. The inside lining, consisting of
tilos, or pieces of porcelain, marble, toughened opal glass, or other suitable or
equivalent material c, is placed upon this layer of cement B. The said pieces c will
be of such shapes and sizes as that when placed together they will form surfaces
corresponding in size and shape to the surfaces of the interior of the bath. They
may be dovetailed or otherwise formed to interlock the one with the other, and
cement is placed between the joints, and their backs may be roughened or formed
with projections or grooves to the more readily adhere to the cement. A flange d
is formed all around the top of the outer part A, the said flange projecting inwards
to entirely or partly overlap the upper edge of the top rows of tiles or pieces c.
Bolts or screws may be passed through the tiles or pieces c and into the cement B
or iron A, or both, to hold the said tiles or pieces firmly in position.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the system, mode, or manner in or under which the same is or
may be used or practically carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that
what I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me by the herein before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
The herein before described improvements in the construction of baths, consisting
in forming them of an outer part of cast iron, and of an inner part or lining of

page_text: tiles, or pieces of porcelain, marble, or toughened opal glass, or equivalent material,
the said parts being secured together by cement, essentially as hereinbefore described
with reference to the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Smith, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twentieth day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty.
GEO. SMITH. (L.S.)