Machine for Producing Printing Surfaces.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Nov., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 26th Sept., 1892-Accepted, 29th Oct.,. 1892
PROVIDIUNAD DEMELUATION.
[Communicated from abroad by THE TACHYTYPE MANUFACTURING COMPANY,
of 933, Guaranty Loan Building, City of Minneapolis,. State of Minnesota,
United States of America.]
Machine for Producing Printing Surfaces.
I, OLIVER IMRAY, of No. 28 Southampton Buildings Chancery Lane, in the
County of London, Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
The machine, embodying the inventions on which a patent is hereby sought, is,
as shown in the drawings, organized for 'the production of printing surfaces; but
the inventions involved are, many of them, capable of controlling machines, such
as type writers, printing by direct impression.
The product of the particular machine shown in the drawings and herein
described in detail, as embodying the inventions on which a patent is claimed,
a stereotype bar or what has become known in the art as a linotype. One of these
linotypes is shown as Figure 22 on the drawings, and is marked Z.
This product is a justified linotype, so that the impressions produced therefrom
will exactly fill out an ordinary newspaper line of a predetermined length. A
number of these linotypes may be locked up in a printer's chase and used in the
same way as ordinary printer's type.
To produce this linotype there is employed, in the machine shown, a font of
individually movable dies which are alignable in succession, at a common point of
iinpression, in line with a power driven impression device; and, which are impressed
by said device in a suitable matrix material. The matrix material is held on a
suitable holder, to which suitable feed-movements are imparted to properly space
the individual matrices therein. The dies are held on carriers or lever-arins, which
are pivoted for radial motion so as to throw the dies in succession 'to a common
center; as the impression point.
This arrangement or movement of the dies is somewhat similar to some forms of
typewriters. But the arrangement of devices for selecting the desired dies is
entirely different from that of any typewriter or similar machine, and involves
radically new and novel features of invention.
One of these features of invention, for selecting the dies, consists in arranging a
series of operating rods or connections, corresponding in number to the number of
dies, so that their terminals will fall into groups, thereby permitting the selection
of any desired die by first locating the group and then the particular terminal or
operating-rod of the group.
For effecting this selection of the rods, an automatic or mechanical finger is
provided, so constructed' and 'mounted as to have the necessary motions to permit.
the same to be placed in position for operation on any desired terminal or
operating rod!
This selecting-finger is automatically controlled by a set of stops or pieces 'pre-
arranged for the entire desired, line of dies and the proper spacing of the same.
These stops constitute what is hereinafter called the dummy or mechanical line.
They are independently movable on a horizontally movable frame. The frame,
together with the stops, may be conveniently designated, for brevity, by the words
"the dummy" or "the duminy line."
.
The stops of the dummy work in sets of three pieces or factors, two pieces'or
factors for controlling the selection of the die and a third factor for controlling

page_text: the proper spacing of the same. There are enough of these sets of stops for a
maximum line of dies.
The dummy operates, through suitable placing mechanism, to properly locate
the die selecting finger for action on the proper die operating rod, and, through
a suitable variable throw escapement, to control the feed of the matrix-material-
holder.
The parts of this dummy line being pre-arranged as stated, for the entire desired
line, makes justification possible by various means. For example, such of the
stops of the said dummy as were set for spacing the impressions might be varied in
position to. so vary the spacing from normal as to justify the line." Or, inasmuch
as the shortage or excess of letter-space is indicated, other mechanism may be
provided to vary the normal feed of the matrix-material, so as to effect the
justification. This latter plan is the one adopted in the machine shown, the
variation of the normal feed of the matrix material being effected by a supplemental
feeding device so as to justify the line.
The parts of this dummy might be set by hand or directly from a key-board;
but, in order to make the operation continuous, so that the only limit to the speed
of the machine will be the capacity of the operator on the key-board, a duplicate
dummy is provided which is set from the keys, and whose settings are transferred
by a single movement to the dummy proper. The parts of this duplicate dummy,
which are pre-arrangable from the keys with reference to each other, correspond to
the stops of the dummy; but, for distinction, are called setting-slides, and the frame
which holds them is called the slide-fraine.
This duplicate arrangement permits the dummy proper to be at work controlling
the matrix making mechanism for a given line, while the setting-slides are being
arranged or set from the key-board for the next succeeding line. Hence, the
operation of the key-board may be practically continuous. In the machine, as
shown, the dummy when at work, travels from right to left, one step at a time,
bringing its sets of stops in succession into position for controlling the location of
the die-selecting-finger through the placing mechanism, and for effecting the
matrix-material-feed, as before stated. In other words, the dummy stops act
directly to limit the movements of the finger-placing-mechanism. It should be
understood, that, instead of so doing, the dummy might control the arrangement of
an intermediate single set of stops upon which the placing mechanism would act.
or be controlled. In that event, the said intermediate set of stops would be
rearranged at every forward step of the dummy for the dummy's next succeeding
set of stops.
It will be seen that the dummy is a device for permitting a preliminary repre-
sentation of any desired selection; and that in co-operation with the grouped
terminals of the operating-rods or connections, it will automatically carry out or
effectuate the said selections, which in the machine shown, are desired dies from a
font of dies. These dies in this machine are of course, male dies or punches,
inasmuch as they must make a matrix. The dummy, however, in co-operation with
the grouped terminals of the operating-rods or connections, might equally well be
used to release and align any other kind of individually movable dies or things of
any kind. For example, these parts might be made to release female dies or
individual metal matrices from magazines or holders, from which, when aligned, a
linotype might be cast. Or the said dummy with its co-operating finger and rods
might be used to control a typewriter printing by direct impression.
A casting mechanism is run in conjunction with the matrix making mechanism
to produce the linotype.
The preferred matrix material is a strip of lead; and it is supported on a matrix-
holder having recesses to permit the escape of the material displaced by the dies,
as the impression is made. The matrix-material having been once placed on the
holder is never moved with reference to the holder, until after the cast has been
taken. The holder itself is moved, as before stated, to effect the spacing of the
impression and to locate the matrix in its other desired positions. This fact that

page_text: the matrix-material is never disturbed on its holder and that the holder has recesses
for the escape of the displaced material enables the production of a perfect matrix,
and, hence, a perfect linotype having all the sharpness of ordinary printer's type.
A series of four of these matrix-holders are provided and carried, by a movable
support, at different distances apart; so that one holder may be at the impression
point, another in line with the mold to receive the cast, a third at an ejecting point
to throw out the old or used matrix, and a fourth in line with an automatic filling
device to receive a new strip of matrix material.
It will be seen from the foregoing general description, that the machine shown
in the drawings involves three distinct sets of co-operating mechanisms, to-wit;-
1. The key-board and primary setting devices, through which the setting-slides
are positioned on the slide-frame. These settings are subsequently transferred,
as before stated, on starting the automatic mechanism, to the dummy-line proper.
2. The matrix-making-mechanism, including the dummy, by which it is
controlled.
3. The casting mechanism and parts directly co-operating therewith.
In the detailed description, which will follow, these mechanisms will be described
substantially in the foregoing order, and their parts will be taken up and specified,
as nearly as practicable, in the order of their operation.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1 is a front elevation of the entire machine, some parts being broken
away, the dummy line being shown at work controlling the matrix making
mechanism. Positions will be taken with reference to this figure, the right hand
being to the right of the observer when facing the machine.
Figure 2 is a top plan of the machine, some parts being shown in section.
Figure 3 is a horizontal section on the line X'X' of Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a vertical section, on the line X2 X2 of Figure 1, looking toward the
left, showing the primary setting devices and their immediate connections, the
other parts not being shown.
Figure 5 is a detail in right end view of a part of the setting mechanism
detached.
Figure 6 is a vertical section of the same on the line X3 X3, of Figure 5.
Figure 7 is a horizontal section approximately on the line X Xof Figure 5,
some of the parts being removed.
Figure 8 is a vertical section from front to rear on the line X' X' of Figures 1
and 2, looking toward the right.
Figure 9 is a detail in plan, some parts being broken away, showing part of the
dummy line, and some of the parts directly controlled thereby.
Figure 10 is a detail of the same, in sectional elevation, looking from
the left.
Figure 1 is a perspective of the matrix material feed escapement and its
supporting shelf detached.
Figures 12 and 13 are respectively an end view and a plan of one of the matrix
material holders detached.
Figures 14 and 15 are views in plan of modified forms of the said holder.
Figures 16, 17 and 18 are views in plan, side elevation and cross section of a
matrix strip and matrix.
Figure 19 is a detail in right hand elevation, showing part of the mechanism for
operating the drum, which carries the matrix holders, and for operating
the gally.
Figure 20 is a vertical section on the line X X' of Figures 1 and 2, looking
from the left, some parts being shown in full and others removed.
Figure 21 is a rear view of the machine, some parts being shown in section,
some parts being broken away, and others represented in diagram only..
Figure 22 is a perspective view showing the product of the machine, viz:; a
linotype.

page_text: For convenience of reference, the following-classification of reference letters will
be employed in the detailed description, to-wit;
a and the powers of a, as a' a &c. will be used to denote the parts of the
frame-work.
b and its powers, denote the power-shaft and its immediately connected parts.
c and its powers, the auxilliary-shaft, and its immediately connected parts.
d and its powers, the dummy or mechanical line, and its immediately
connected parts.
fand its powers, the setting-slides, key-board and primary setting-devices.
9 and its powers, the matrix-holder, matrix-feed devices, anvil &c.
k, and its powers, the dies, impression-device &c.
m and its powers, the die selecting finger and its placing-mechanism.
p and its powers, the spacing-lever, variable throw escapement &c. for.controlling
the matrix-feed.
rand its power, the justifier.
s and its powers, the casting-mechanism, automatic matrix-strip filling
device &c.
z as before stated, denotes the linotype or product of the machine..
The main frame comprises a horizontal table or bed-plate a, supporting legs.al,
a vertical plate a², which will hereinafter be called the center-plate, and various
projecting brackets which will be noted in connection with the description of the
other parts.
THE DRIVING SHAFTS &C.
A power-shaft b is supported in bearings on the top of the bed-plate, and
extends from the left to a point near the center of the machine, and is provided
with a driving pulley 6, for the application of power and a balance wheel ². This
shaft is kept in constant motion, at a high rate of speed.
Directly above the power-shaft, supported in bearings from near the left end of
the bed-plate is a shaft c extending from front to rear of the machine, which will,
for distinction, be called the auxilliary-shaft. It carries a worm-gear c¹ loosely
sleeved thercon, which is in constant engagement with a worm ³ on the power-
shaft. The worm-gear has ratchet-teeth on its front face, with which a spring-
held driving pawl c³, pivoted in a slot within the auxilliary-shaft tends constantly
to engage; but is normally prevented from so doing by a spring-held trip block c¹³,
which engages with the tail or free end of the pawl. This block is tripped, at, will,
and the auxilliary shaft thrown into gear with the power-shaft, by a starting-
lever e, through a suitable connection c. The relative arrangement of the
driving-pawl and the trip-block are such that when the auxilliary-shaft has made
a complete revolution, it will be automatically thrown out of gear, the face of the
trip-block being cam-shaped for action on the tail of the pawl to free the same
from the ratchet of the
worm-gear.
THE DUMMY LINE AT REST.
.
The dummy line comprises a series of independently movable pieces or stops d
mounted in a movable frame d¹. This frame with its stops is supported on
horizontal runways d², extending from the right to near the left end of the machine
at a considerable distance above the level of the bed-plate, by means of right and
left vertical blocks or standards and a. The stops are independently movable
in a vertical direction within the frame and will be held in whatever position they
may be set by a spring actuated pawl-shelf or latch plate d³, the knife-edge of
which engages with lock-notches or teeth on the front edges of the stops. The
latch-plate has a slot and pin connection with the dummy-frame, as shown at dª,
which serves to cam the plate forward and backward, when the latch-plate is moved
lengthwise of the frame. The stops of this dummy or mechanical line, are..in

page_text: work in sets of three pieces or factors two of which serve to control the selection
of the die, and the third to control the spacing of the same.
Normally, the dummy line stands at the extreme right of its runway, where it is
held and always tends to return by a cord and weight and d
The stops of the dummy or mechanical line are prearrangable with reference
to each other for the entire line of desired dies. This is done by mechanism
which will now be described.
Hereinafter, for brevity, the dummy or mechanical line will be designated or
called the dummy.
In the normal position of the dummy, the latch-plate d³, is held out of
engagement with the stops by a movable trip carried by the right hand
bracket a³, as will presently appear, and the stops are in their lowermost or unset
position.
THE SETTING SLIDES, KEY-BOARD & PRIMARY SETTING DEVICES.
Directly under the right hand portion of the dummy runway is located a slide-
frame, having a slot and pin connection, as shown at f, with a pair of vertically
movable racks 2 and 3, mounted in grooves of the blocks a³ and a', the racks
serving to lift the frame whenever so desired, and the slot and pin connection to
move the frame first to the rear before the upward motion begins.
4
0
In the frame-work are mounted a series of independently movable pieces f^
working in sets of three, which for distinction are called the setting-slides. They
correspond in number, arrangement and function to the stops of the dummy, and
are first positioned in order to position or set the stops of the dummy. These
slides have teeth on their rear faces with which engage a corresponding series of
individual spring pawls. These pawls are all secured to a common shaft
carrying crank-arms 7 and f. The upper crank-arm f' is under spring tension
by spring to move backward, which tends to throw the pawls into their inactive
position. It is held forward. by a latch 10 and is thrown into this position so as
to be engaged by the latch by the lower crank-arm 8, striking a projection",
when the frame reaches its lowermost position. The slides will therefore be hield
in whatever position they may be set relative to each other.
The slides have on their front edges notches 1, one notch ou each slide. With
the notches of each set of three slides engage the free ends of three setting-arms ƒ",
having free ends or tips in different planes. These setting arms are mounted to
slide on three rock-shafts f", placed one above the other in front of the setting-
slides. The setting arms are embraced by a pair of plates 1, attached to the
end of a rack 16. This rack with the setting-arms constitute the slide setting-
carriage.
The free ends of the setting-arms are constructed to closely fit the notches of
the setting-slides, so that the slide must move with and stop with the arms,
thereby preventing the slides being thrown beyond the desired position, under the
effect of momentum.
19
The setting carriage is normally held at the extreme left of the slide-frame and
tends always to return to that position by means of a cord and weight and 18.
The setting-carriage is fed to the right by a cam-flange on an escapement
controlled feed-wheel 20 loosely mounted or sleeved on the right hand end of the
power shaft, with which it may be made to turn by a spring-held driving-pawl f),
which normally tends to engage with a ratchet-faced driving-disk, fixed to the
power-shaft. It is normally heid out of engagement by a spring-seated stop-rod",
carried by the pivoted driving-pawl. The stop-rod is normally held by its spring
in engagement with the shoulder of a cam-shaped stop-plate f", fixed to the frame.
The cam-shaped face of this stop-plate serves to throw the pawl out of engagement
with the ratchet, at the end of each revolution of the feed-wheel. Whenever the
stop-rod is thrown up out of engagement with the stop-plate, the. setting-wheel

page_text: will make a complete revolution and stop. The cam-flange on the setting-wheel
engages with the studs or teeth on the setting-carriage feed-rack, and is so shaped
as to feed the same to the right, by a two-stepped or divided movement, one step
serving to move the carriage so that the setting-arms will clear the slides last set and
permit the arms to be returned to their normal position, and the other step moving
the arms into engagement with the notches of the next set of slides. The setting
carriage is held wherever fed, by a spring-held retaining latch ".
The hub of the setting-wheel has fixed thereon a crank-disk 25 which, by
connecting-rod 28 is united to the extended arm, of the loose member of one of
a set of friction clutches 28, carried on the left ends of the rock shafts. The loose
members of these friction-clutches are all connected by a tie-rod ". The two
members of the friction clutches are held under adjustable tension in any suitable
way. One member of the clutch being rigid on the rock-shaft and the other
loose, the shaft may stop wherever intercepted, while permitting the movable
member to be given the extreme throw of the crank-disk. If not intercepted, the
rock shafts would all be given an extreme throw backward and forward at each
revolution of the crank-disk. The rock-shafts have forwardly projecting blades 30,
which are engaged by a set of notched pieces 31, located directly in front of the
same and movable on a fulcrum /. On account of their function to intercept the
blades and arrest the setting-arms, these pieces will be called blade-stops. There
are as many of these blade-stops as there are characters, and each has three notches
for engaging with the three blades of the setting-shaft, to arrest the setting-arms
in the proper positions to locate or set the setting-slides. These blade-stops might
themselves be used as keys, but instead of so doing a bank of keys 33 is placed
directly in front of the same, the keys being arranged to operate on the blade-
stops. The key-levers are in number one-third the number of the blade-stops, and
are normally set to move the blade-stops corresponding to lower case letters. The
whole key-board is movable to the right or to the left of its central position, so as
to permit any given key to work on either one of the other two corresponding.
blade-stops, to give capitals or numbers, as may be desired.
The key-board is held in its central or normal position by a spring", attached
to a pair of sliding-blocks f, having a slot and pin connection f30 with the
bed-plate. It is moved to either side of its central position, by a shifting
lever f
Directly to the rear of the blade-stops is a common-bail 38, which will be
rocked by the rearward movement of any blade-stop. The bail-shaft has a
crank-arm in position to strike a trip-leverf operating the escapement trip-
rod f, working through the bed-plate in position to throw the stop-rod 23 of the
escapement or setting-wheel out of engagement with its stop-plate. Hence, when-
ever a key is struck on the key-board, the setting-wheel will be given a complete
turn and the setting-arms will be limited by the blade-stops, thus positioning the
corresponding set of setting-slides.
It should be noted that the two lowermost of the setting-shafts and setting-arms
operate to set the two slides for controlling the selection of the die; and that the
uppermost of the setting-shafts and setting-arins operate to set the slide for con-
trolling the spacing of the die. This upper setting-shaft has attached near its left
end a forwardly projecting-arm 13, carrying a spring-held pawl, which engages
with a letter-space indicating-rack, and serves to move the same upward a
variable number of units or steps according to the space that would be required
for the corresponding die. The rack carries a pointer f", which moves over a
scale", indicating to the eye the amount of space the selected characters would
require. The rack is held by a retaining pawlf and works through a groove on
a forwardly projecting part of the left end slide rack f³.
It is necessary to move this rack or counter with great precision. To accomplish
this result and to prevent the racing of the rack, a stop or banking-block" is
placed in position to engage the back of the pawl-head at the extreme of its throw,
and to act as a lock to hold the pawl in the tooth of the rack. The rack can

page_text: therefore not move any farther than the pawl. The surface of this block which
engages with the back of the pawl-head should be on an incline approximately
parallel but slightly convergent to the back of the rack-tooth.
The operator at the key-board can see from the indicator when the line is
approximately full and will know where to break the same. The setting-slides will
then have been set with reference to each other in the slide-frame, so as to select
an unjustified line of dies..
Justification is effected by means which will be hereinafter described.
The slide-frame may now be lifted and its settings transferred to the dummy.
This is accomplished as follows:-The starting-lever c is moved by the operator,
throwing the auxilliary-shaft into action. The slide-frame will be then
immediately raised and lowered. This is done by a cam on the auxilliary-shaft
(third cam on said shaft from frout) acting on a cam lever 1, which in turn works
a short rack and a sector 3, thereby rocking a counter-shaft, having a pair
of sectors in engagement with the said slide-frame racks and At the
start, the slide-frame is first forced backward, in virtue of the slot and pin con-
nection, shown at 1, thereby allowing the slides to stand clear of the setting-arms
on the setting carriage. It then moves directly upward, as far as the cam will
carry it, causing the slides to set the stops of the dummy.
At the extreme of the slide frames upward movement, a projection f from the
slide-frame strikes a pin on the trip d, thereby tripping the dummy stop latch-
plate d allowing the same to become active, under its spring-tension, to hold the
dummy-stops in whatever position they may have been set.
As the slide-frame moved upward, the cam surface 7, on the left slide rack f³
struck a projecting-pin from the retaining-latch, freeing the said latch from
the rack of the setting-carriage, thus allowing the setting-carriage to be returned
to its normal position, by its cord and weight. The cam-flange on the periphery
of the setting-feed-wheel 20, has a gap to permit this return movement of the
setting-rack.
-
On the down motion of the slide-frame, the latch f10 is caught by spring-trip f
permitting the individual pawls to be thrown back into their inactive position
and allowing the setting-slides to drop on the slide-frame into their normal position.
At the limit of the slide-frame's return movement, these individual pawls again
become active as hitherto described.
On the upward movement of the slide-frame, a trip-bar / carried by friction-
held-arms fois struck by a projecting-pin f, from the left end slide-frame
rack, thereby releasing both pawls of the indicator-rack, and allowing the said
indicator-rack to drop by gravity into its normal position. On the down movement
of the slide-frame, this same trip-bar" is forced down to its limit, thus throwing
the indicator-pawls into their normal or active positions.
All the parts employed to set the stops of the dummy line in position for work,
are now back in their normal positions. Hence, the operator may proceed at the
key-board to set the slides for the next line.
bed
The dummy now still stands at the extreme right of its runway ready for work.
PARTS CONTROLLED BY THE DUMMY.
THE MATRIX MAKING MECHANISM PROPER.
Secured to the centre-plate near its top, is a cylindrical anvil or impression-
I₁ attached to the centre-plate by anvil bracket g' cast integral with the anvil
proper. Movable on this cylindrical anvil, is a drum g2 which for distinction, will
be called the matrix drum. The anvil stands so that its axis is from front to rear
of the machine. The matrix drum carries a series of four matrix material
holders g³, which work in longitudinal slots of the said druin, the said slots or
holders being spaced apart on the drum at equal distances. The holders have
projecting, spring-lips g, which work in grooves in the walls. of the main-slots,.

page_text: which serve to keep the matrix-holders in their seats or slots under slight friction
and against the anvil or impression-bed. In the anvil-bracket on its underside
and to the rear of the drum, is a slot and groove forming a pathway corre-
sponding to the slot and groove for the holder in the drum. When the impression
is being made, the holder stands with its matrix material, in line with this
pathway. Each holder has projecting through its back and loosely scated
therein, a series of three pins go, which work in annular grooves g' in the periphery
of the anvil. These grooves are in the nature of cams running flush with the
surface of the anvil near the top, for ejecting the old or used matrix strip, as will
hereinafter appear.
A strip of lead is employed as the preferred form of matrix material. This
strip with the matrix formed therein is shown in Figures 16, 17 and 18, and
lettered y³.
The face of the matrix-holder is provided with meshes or recesses g³ to permit
the escape of matrix-material displaced by the dies as the impression is made.
These meshes may be in the form of grooves, as shown in Figures 12 and 13, or a
scored surface, as shown in Figure 14, or a perforated surface, as shown in Figure 15.
A piece of wire cloth placed between the matrix-material and the holder would
also answer the same purpose. The surface should be so made as to give a
maximum amount of escape openings and still preserve sufficient supporting
surface to. hold the strip of matrix material, under the action of the dies.
This
holder thus formed with meshes or escapes for the displaced material, is of the
utmost importance, as a means of securing a perfect linotype or stereotype bar.
The material displaced by the dies must go somewhere, and were it not for the
meshes would break down the walls and fill in the bottoms of the previous
impressions. By employing the meshes, the walls of the matrix remain intact and
perfect. Hence, a perfect cast or linotype can be produced therefrom.
The matrix holder when at the impression point, stands with its pins engaging &
matrix feed-bar 10, which has grooves for that purpose in line, when in its normal
position, with the grooves of the anvil. The matrix feed-bar has attached to its
rear end a cord and weight g" and g¹², tending to draw it to the rear. The matrix
feed-bar extends toward the front of the machine and is connected indirectly (as
will appear later) with the matrix feed-rack proper g¹³, which is mounted to move
from front to rear in a suitable guide-way on a bracket g, fixed to the front end of
the anvil bracket. This rack is engaged by a pinion g¹ on the upper end of the
matrix feed-shaft g, which is operated, as will presently appear, by the space
factor of the dummy line.
THE DIES &c.
Directly below the anvil and matrix-drum, on a shelf k, projecting from the
right face of the centre plate, is a truncated hollow dome k¹, fixed to the said shelf.
This dome has a series of radial slits corresponding in number to the number of
dies. Pivoted inside the dome, and working through said slits as guides, are a
series of individual dic-carriers-k, having the dies spring-seated at the upper or
free ends of the carrier levers. These carriers and dies are in number a complete
font, representing all the characters employed. By the movement of the die-
carriers, the dies are alignable in succession at the apex of the dome, as the common
point of impression.
Working in a guide k*, in the axial line of the dome, is the impression plunger k³,
to the lower end of which is attached a toggle k, the lower arm of which is
rigid on the toggle operating shaft . The toggle is normally held broken, by
a spring attached at one end to the left side of the centre-plate, and at the
other cod to an arm k³, rigid on the left end of the toggle or impression shaft.
The upper end of the impression plunger and the lower ends of the dies are
conical, one being concave and the other convex. The dies, when at the impression
point, work through a truing hole 10, in an alignment or guide-plate ". Hence,
the dies will be centred at their lower ends by the plunger, and at their upper. ends

page_text: by the truing hole, and a perfect alignment of the impressions will thereby be
secured. The die-carrier levers have knobs near their free ends, which when at
the impression point, bear against the under surface of the alignment plate as shown
in dotted lines, in Figure 8, and serve to relieve the die-levers from strain, under
the action of the impression-plunger.
The die-levers tend to return to their normal position, after the die has been
impressed, by their own gravity; but this return movement is insured and hastened
by the spring depressed common ring 2, acting on the said levers near their
fulcrum.
To select the desired dies from the multitude or font of dies, a corresponding
muumber of operating rods or connections 413, are placed in a suitable guide-
head, one in position for operation on each die-lever, and have their terminals
arranged in groups, which grouping, as shown, is effected by bending the rods, so
that they stand in rows (approximately) in two directions, at their lower terminals.
The said terminal ends of the said rods are held in these working positions by a
perforated guide-plate k¹³, which as shown, depends from the dome shelf k. Facing
the terminals of the said rods, directly below the same as shown, is a striker-
plate, which should be of slightly greater diameter than the diagram described
by the terminals of the said rods. The diagram described by the said terminals is
shown on the top or face of the said striker-plate, in Figure 3 of the drawings.
The striker-plate has a depending stem working in a guide fixed to the bed-
plate.
THE SELECTING FINGER, AND ITS PLACING MECHANISM.
Resting with its free end on the said striker-plate and universally movable
thereon is a movable piece m, controlled from the dummy, which on account of its
function may be called the selecting finger. For brevity, this may frequently be
referred to hereinafter, as the finger. As shown, the finger carries at its outer end, a
striker pin, which by the movement of the finger, is alignable with the terminal of
any one of the operating rods A13, the different positions which the said striker-pin
will take, being at the intersections of the lines shown in the diagrams, on the face
of the striker-plate . These positions are in line with corresponding terminals
of the said operating rods. The finger takes these different positions, to select
the group and the particular die of the group, as the result of a compound
motion on the said striker-plate effected by placing mechanism, as follows :—
FINGER PLACING MECHANISM.
The finger is swiveled at its forward end to the lower extremity of a placer-
lever m', and has its free end united by a flexible connection m² with the rear end
of another placer-lever m³. This flexible connection is directed by a guide-
sheave m, fixed to a post projecting from the bed-plate to the right of a striker-
plate. The flexible connection will hereinafter for brevity, be called the cord.
The finger is normally held down against the striker plate by a spring m³, and so
as to hold the cord taut by a spring m³. It is also held at the forward margin of
the striker-plate by the normal position of the placing-lever m
The placer-
levers have concentric hubs, being mounted on bearing-brackets m' and m³,
projecting from the rear rail of the dummy-track. Rigid with the same hub as
the placer-lever m¹ is a forwardly projecting stop-arm m; and rigid with the same
hub as the placer-lever m³ is a forwardly projecting-stop-arm mo. Having its hub
concentric with the placer-lever hubs, is a matrix-feed controlling or spacing lever p,
which has also a forwardly projecting stop-arm p', located between the placer-stop-
arms. These three stop-arms normally stand under tension by springs, the
springs m being connected one to each of the arins m² and m¹0, and the spring p³
being connected to the space lever p. The stop-arms are held upward in their
normal position against the tension of the said springs, by a plunger-rod p³, the
head of which works under returning-arms rigidly secured to the said concentric
10
B

page_text: done by the dummy through a trip-rod 6, and other connections which will be
hereinafter specified.
The dummy-frame has on its back, rack-teeth d, which are engaged by a
pinion on the dummy driving-shaft d. The lower end of the shaft d has
loosely mounted thereon a stud-wheel which is engaged by a cam-flange d¹³ on
the driving-sleeve 6. The stud-wheel is normally locked to the shaft by a spring-
held driving-pawl pivoted to the lower end of the shaft and engaging with
ratchet-teeth on the lower side of the said stud-wheel. This pawl is tripped to
permit the return of the dummy, after use, by a trip-lever d", connected to and
operated by the clutch-shifting-lever on its opening movement. The cam-flange d¹³
is so shaped as to feed the dummy by a quick movement near the later part of the
driving sleeve's revolution.
Near the right end of the driving-sleeve is a cam 20 (second cam from right)
which operates on a pivoted cam-lever p", connected at its free end by a link p²,
with the plunger p. This cam in the normal position of the sleeve holds the
plunger pin its uppermost or normal position, and all the parts controlled thereby
in their normal positions. At this time, the left-hand set of the dummy-stops stand
under the stop-arms of the placer-levers and the space-lever. When the sleeve
starts, this cam permits the plunger to drop, allowing the stop-arms to snap down
onto the dummy-stops, thereby locating or placing the selecting finger m, and the
escapement striker-pin p', also rocking the escapement shaft p", so that the retaining-
pawl p¹ will hold the pin escapement-wheel p³.
At the extreme right of the driving sleeve is a cam 18 (first cam on the sleeve)
which operates through a cam-lever pivoted to a projection 20 from the bed-
plate and having its free end united to the stem of the striker-plate by a slot and
pin connection, as shown at 21.
To lower the plunger &c. required about the first thirty degrees movement of
the driving-sleeve. During the next sixty degrees movement thereof, the first
cam throws up the striker-plate, aligning the selected die, at the point of impres-
sion and holding it there. During the next one hundred and twenty degrees of
the sleeve's movement the third or left end cam 2, through a cam-lever 3 and
link, operates the toggle and the impression plunger forcing the selected die
into the matrix material; and at end of the throw permits the toggle to be
broken by the spring 8. During the next twenty degrees of the sleeve's movement,
the striker-plate was permitted to fall by gravity. During the last preceding one
hundred and forty degrees movement of the sleeve, the second cam 1 had raised
the plunger upward about one-half its stroke. It now completes the upward nove-
ment of the plunger, during the next thirty degrees of the sleeve's movement.
rocking the escapement shaft p, permitting the pin-wheel p8 to escape, and effecting
the feed of the matrix-material. When the plunger was raised to its limit, the
placer-lever and spacing-lever stop arms were forced upward free from the dummy-
stops and there held in their normal position.
During the next one hundred degrees of the sleeve's movement, the cam-
flange and the stud-wheel d¹ feeds the dummy to the left, one step, bringing
the next set of its stops under the arms of the placer-levers.
These movements of the sleeve and the dummy line &c. took place for the
selection and impression and spacing of a single die. They are repeated for every
other die, for the selection of which the dummy-stops were set. In other words,
the sleeve may make many revolutions, from one to fifty, according to the number
of sets of dummy-line-stops called into action.
The dummy-frame has on its front, ratchet-teeth with which a spring-held
pawl tends constantly to engage, but is normally held from so doing by a pro-
jecting shoe on the end of the pawl, which, when the dummy-line is in action,
rides against the face or front edge of such of the stops as have been set for use.
Whenever this shoe passes beyond the stops which have been raised for use, it will
be permitted to move backward over the top of the first unraised stops allowing
the pawl to snap into the ratchet. The pawl is attached at its left end to a crank-

page_text: the matrix drum ejected the old strips of matrix material by the grooves and pins
before described, from which a cast had been previously made and aligned an
empty holder with the filling device, and another holder with a new strip of matrix.
material at the impression point. These movements occured during the time that
the slide-frame was being lifted to set the parts of the dummy-line and return to
normal position, as before stated, or during the first sixty degrees movement of
the auxilliary-shaft. During the next one hundred and eighty degrees movement
of the auxilliary-shaft, the casting-pot 12, pivotally supported by legs $1³, and
containing metal kept in a molten state by a burner s, is thrown to the right by a
cam on the auxilliary-shaft (fifth cam from front) acting through cam-levers 16
and and toggle joint against a retracting spring ; thereby closing the
mold against the face of the adjacent matrix-material holder. At this time the
plungers, of the pump in the casting-pot, is thrown down by a springs, acting
through cam-lever and connecting rods, producing the cast of the linotype.
Instantly thereafter, a cam 24 on the auxilliary-shaft (sixth cam from front) raises
the cam-levers and the plunger of the pump back into its normal or inoperative
position.
During the next sixty degrees movement of the auxilliary-shaft, the vertical-
rack is raised by its operating-cam s into its uppermost or normal position,
thereby throwing the mold to the extreme front into its normal position. During
this return movement of the vertical-rack, the ratchet-wheel of the pawl and
ratchet-gear slipped, permitting the drum to remain stationary. On the forward
motion of the mold, the back of the linotype was shaved to a true surface by a
knife $26.
30
During the next and last sixty degrees movement of the auxilliary-shaft, the
linotype is ejected by a cam 26 (second cam from the front), acting through a cam
lever, connecting-rod 25 and a gear-wheel 2, in engagement with a rack
carrying at its forward or right-hand end an ejecting-blade 31. By this blade,
the linotype is forced out toward the right onto a movable gally-head 534, where
it remains until the auxilliary-shaft is again started into motion. Several of the
inotypes are represented at, in the gally 33, where all except the one last made
are held by a pair of gravity-hooks. The linotype last made is made to take
its position on the hooks by the initial or downward movement of the vertical-rack,
when the auxilliary shaft is next started, through a pivoted-lever 35, and a link 36
connected to the movable gally-head ³². By this down motion of the vertical-
rack, the gally-head is forced upward, cammning out the hooks 3, and permitting
the gally-head and linotype to be raised above the same. The gally-head itself is
either sufficiently short or slotted to clear the hooks. Hence, when the vertical-rack
is returned upward to its normal position, the gally-head will be lowered into its
normal position, leaving the linotype on the hooks.
During the whole revolution of the auxilliary-shaft, an eccentric g¹8 located at
the rear end of the same, operates through eccentric-strap g and crank-arm 20 to
rock a shaft g which extends through the center of the impression-bed or anvil g,
giving to the same a complete throw forward and return. This rock-shaft has
arms connected by links 23 to a plunger-bar g, working in a guide-way on a
shelf or bracket 9, fixed to the anvil-bracket. Directly above the shelf is a
matrix-strip-magazine 92, containing unused strips of matrix-materialy. These
strips are under pressure from a follower actuated by a cord and weight g
and A feeding-blade 30 is attached to pivoted arms and works through a
siot in the top of the magazine to force a strip of matrix-material in front of the
plunger, at the proper time. This blade is actuated by a crank g32 attached to one
of the pivoted-arms and connected by a link 33, through a pin and slot, shown at g³,
with the plunger-bar.
These devices constitute an automatic filling-device which forces the new strip
of matrix-material into position on the empty matrix-holder.
It will be recalled that the old or used matrix is ejected from the idle-holder, at

page_text: the top of the drum by the action of the cam-grooves on the anvil, through the
loose pins in the matrix-holder. The old matrix thus ejected is as shown, caught
by a scraper and directed out of the road.
38
The casting-pot is covered by suitable housing 37, having a slot in line with
the mold through which the nozzle of the casting-pot mar move.
A justified linotype or stereotype-bar of the first selected line has now been
produced; and the parts of the matrix making mechanism, and the casting-
mechanism are all back in their normal positions.
While all this was in progress, the operator may have been at work, at the key-
board, locating the setting-slides for the next line, and should be ready or about
ready to again touch the starting-lever.
It should be noted that the mouth of the pathway g, in the anvil-bracket g¹, in
which the particular matrix-holder at the impression point moves, as it is fed to
the rear for spacing the impressions, is bell-mouthed; and the rear end of the
matrix-holders may be slightly bevelled on their vertical corners. Hence, the
movement in the matrix-holder into this pathway will exactly align that matrix-
holder at the impression-point, and all the other holders in their proper corre-
sponding positions, viz.; one in line with the mold, another at the ejecting position
of the old or used strip, at the top of the anvil, and the fourth or empty holder in
line with the filling device. In other words, the matrix-holder itself, in co-
operation with its fixed pathway, is made to align all the holders at their proper
positions; and to accomplish this result before any die is impressed, the matrix-
holder feed mechanism may be arranged to feed the said holder one step in advance
of the first die's movement.
It will be seen that the matrix material after having been forced on to the
holder is never moved on the holder until after the cast has been taken from
the matrix. In other words, the movements of the matrix holder places the
matrix material in its different necessary positions, and the matrix strip itself is
never moved. This fact is of great importance as any disturbance or distortion of
the matrix is thereby prevented. This fact taken together with the escape openings
on the face of the holder, for the displaced material under the action of the dies,
insures a perfect inatrix and a perfect cast therefrom.
<
دو
It will be seen that the "dummy line proper and the setting slides" or
duplicate dummy constitute, in reality, two sets of die selecting devices
consisting of independently movable parts prearrangeable with reference to each
other for an entire selected line. Hence, one set may be at work controlling the
matrix making mechanism for a given line, while the other set are being arranged
from the keys for the next succeeding line. As shown, one dummy "the setting
slides," transfers its settings to the other, i.e. "the dummy proper;" but, it will
readily be understood, that other arrangements might be made to take advantage of
this duplicate principle. The dummies might be arranged, for example, so as to
be set, in succession, directly from the keys.
SUMMARY OF THE OPERATION OF THE MACHINE AS A WHOLE.
All the different parts of the machine have now been specified, and the operations
of the same in detail have been described.
A brief review of the machine's operation as a whole may be stated as
follows;-
From the key-board, through the primary setting devices, the operator sets or
positions the setting-slides on the slide-frame for the entire desired line.
The operator then touches the starting-lever, throwing the auxilliary shaft into
action.
The slide frame is then raised and immediately lowered to normal position;
which by its upward movement set the stops of the dummy. When the slide-frame
returned to its normal position, the operator was free to proceed at the key-board,
selecting the next line.

page_text: At the same time that the slide-frame reached its normal position or immediately
thereafter, the sliding clutch was closed, throwing the driving-sleeve into gear with
the power-shaft starting the dummy line, matrix-making mechanism and casting
mechanism into action.
The dummy continued to act controlling the selection and spacing of the dies
until the entire line of impressions was made. When the slide-frame lifted it had
set the parts of the justifier, so that this matrix now made, under the control of the
dummy is a justified matrix.
The dummy having reached the end of its stops set for use, opens the clutch and
stops the matrix making mechanism. Immediately thereafter all its parts return
to normal position.
During this same time, and throughout the entire revolution of the auxilliary
shaft, the casting mechanism and its immediately connected parts had been in
operation ejecting the linotype cast from the second preceding matrix, taking a cast
from the last preceding matrix, ejecting the old matrix-strip of the second
preceding matrix and filling the empty matrix-holder with a new or unused strip of
matrix-material.
The auxilliary-shaft having completed its revolution is automatically thrown out
of gear with the power-shaft.
By this time, the operator at the key-board should have selected his characters
and thereby positioned the setting-slides on their frame, for all or nearly all of the
next line.
Dated this 25th day of November 1891.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
Machine for Producing Printing Surfaces.
I, OLIVER IMRAY, of No. 28 Southampton Chancery Lane, in the
County of London, Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The machine embodying the inventions on which a patent is hereby sought, is,
as shewn in the drawings, organized for the production of printing surfaces; but
the inventions involved are, many of them, capable of controlling machines, such as
type writers, printing by direct impression.
The product of the particular machine shewn in the drawings and herein described
in detail, as embodying the inventions on which a patent is claimed, is a stereotype
bar or what has become known in the art as a linotype. One of these linotypes is
shewn as Figure 22 ou the drawings, and is marked Z.
This product is a justified linotype, so that the impressions produced therefrom
will exactly fill out an ordinary newspaper line of a predetermined length. A
number of these linotypes may be locked up in a printer's chase and used in the
same way as ordinary printer's type.
To produce this linotype there is employed, in the machine shewn, a font of
individually movable dies which are alignable in succession, at a common point of
impression, in line with a power driven impression device; and, which are impressed
by said device. in a suitable matrix material. The matrix material is held on a
suitable holder, to which suitable feed movements are imparted to properly space
the individual matrices therein. The dies are held on carriers or lever arms, which
are pivotted for radial motion so as to throw the dies in succession to a common
centre, as the impression point.
This arrangement or movement of the dies is somewhat similar to some forms of
typewriters. But the arrangement of devices for selecting. the desired dies is

page_text: entirely different from that of any typewriter or similar machine, and involves
radically new and novel features of invention.
One of these features of invention, for selecting the dies, consists in arranging a
series of operating rods or connections, corresponding in number to the number of
dies, so that their terminals will fall into groups, thereby permitting the selection
of any desired die by first locating the group and then the particular terminal or
operating rod of the group.
For effecting this selection of the rods, an automatic or mechanical finger is
provided, so constructed and mounted as to have the necessary motions to permit
the same to be placed in position for operation on any desired terminal or operating
rod.
This selecting finger is automatically controlled by a set of stops or pieces pre-
arranged for the entire desired line of dies and the proper spacing of the same.
These stops constitute what is hereinafter called the dummy or mechanical line.
They are independently movable on a horizontally movable frame. The frame,
together with the stops, may be conveniently designated, for brevity, by the words
"the dummy" or "the dummy line."
The stops of the dummy work in sets of three pieces or factors, two pieces or
factors for controlling the selection of the die and a third factor for controlling the
proper spacing of the same. There are enough of these sets of stops for a maximum
line of dies.
The dummy operates, through suitable placing mechanism, to properly locate the
die selecting finger for action on the proper die operating rod, and, through a
suitable variable throw escapement, to control the feed of the matrix material
holder.
The parts of this dummy line being pre-arranged as stated, for the entire desired
line, makes justification possible by various means. For example, such of the stops
of the said dummy as were set for spacing the impressions might be varied in
position to so vary the spacing from normal as to justify the line. Or, inasmuch as
the shortage or excess of letter space is indicated, other mechanism may be provided
to vary the normal feed of the matrix material, so as to effect the justification.
This latter plan is the one adopted in the machine shewn, the variation of the
normal feed of the matrix material being effected by a supplemental feeding device
so as to justify the line.
The parts of this dummy might be set by hand or directly from a key board;
but, in order to make the operation continuous, so that the only limit to the speed
of the machine will be the capacity of the operator on the key-board, a duplicate
dummy is provided which is set from the keys, and whose settings are transferred
by a single movement to the dummy proper. The parts of this duplicate dummy,
which are pre-arrangeable from the keys with reference to each other, correspond
to the stops of the dummy; but, for distinction, are called setting-slides, and the
frame which holds them is called the slide-frame.
This duplicate arrangement permits the dummy proper to be at work controlling
the matrix making mechanism for a given line, while the setting slides are being
arranged or set from the key-board for the next succeeding line. Hence, the
In the machine, as
operation of the key-board may be practically continuous.
shewn, the dummy when at work, travels from right to left, one step at a time,
bringing its sets of stops in succession into position for controlling the location of
the die-selecting finger through the placing mechanism, and for effecting the matrix-
material-feed, as before stated. In other words, the dummy stops act directly to
limit the movements of the finger placing mechanism. It should be understood,
that, instead of so doing, the dummy might control the arrangement of an inter-
mediate single set of stops upon which the placing mechanism would act or be
controlled. In that event, the said intermediate set of stops would be rearranged
at every forward step of the dummy for the dummy's next succeeding set of stops.
It will be seen that the dummy is a device for permitting a preliminary
re-presentation of any desired selections; and that in co-operation with the
.
0

page_text: grouped terminals of the operating, rods or connections, it will automatically
carry out or effectuate the said selections, which in the machine shewn, are
desired dies from a font of dies. These dies in this machine are of course, male
dies or punches, inasmuch as they must make a matrix. The dummy, however,
in co-operation with the grouped terminals of the operating-rods or.connections,
might equally well be used to release and align any other kind of individually
movable dies or things of any kind. For example, these parts might be made
to release female dies or individual metal matrices from magazines or holders,
from which, when aligned, a linotype might be cast. Or, the said dummy with
its co-operating finger and rods might be used to control a typewriter printing
by direct impression.
A casting mechanism is run in conjunction with the matrix making mechanism to
produce the linotype.
The preferred matrix material is a strip of lead; and it is supported on a matrix-
holder having recesses to permit the escape of the material displaced by the dies,
as the impression is made. The matrix material having been once placed on the
holder is never moved with reference to the holder, until after the, cast has been
taken. The holder itself, is moved, as before stated, to effect the spacing of the
impression and to locate the matrix in its other desired positions. This fact that
the matrix-material, is never disturbed on its holder, and that the holder, has recesses
for the escape of the displaced material enables the production of a perfect matrix,
and, hence, a perfect linotype having all the sharpness of, ordinary printer's type.
A series of four of these matrix-holders are provided and carried; by a movable
support, at different distances apart; so that one holder, may be at the, impression
point, another in line with the mould to receive the cast, a third at an ejecting
point to throw out the old, or used matrix, and, a fourth in line with an, automatic
filling device to receive a new strip of matrix material.
It will, be seen from the foregoing general description that the machine shewn
in the drawings involves three distinct sets of co-operating mechanisms, to wit:-
1. The key-board and primary setting devices, through which the setting slides
are positioned, on the slide-frame. These settings are subsequently transferred,
as before stated, on starting the automatic mechanism, to the dummy line proper..
2. The matrix making mechanism, including the dummy, by, which it is
controlled.
3. The casting, mechanism and parts directly co-operating therewith.
In the detailed description, which will follow, these mechanisms will be described
substantially in the foregoing order, and their parts will be taken up and, specified,
as, nearly as practicable, in the order of their operation.
Referring to the drawings accompanying my Provisional Specification,
Figure 1 is a front elevation of the entire machine, some parts being broken
away, the dummy line being shewn at work controlling the matrix, making
mechanism. Positions will be taken with reference to this figure, the right, hand
being to the right of the observer when facing the machine.
Figure 2 is a top plan of the machine, some parts being shewn in section.
Figure 3 is a horizontal section on the line X'X' of Figure. 1.
Figure 4 is a vertical section, on the line X2 X2 of Figure 1, looking toward, the
left, shewing the primary setting devices and their immediate connections, the other
parts not being shewn.
Figure 5, is a detail in right end view of a part of, the setting mechanism
detached.
Figure 6, is a vertical section of the same, on the line XX, of Figure 5.
Figure 7 is a horizontal section approximately on the line X X of Figure 5,
some of the parts being removed..
Figure 8 is a vertical section from front to rear on the line X X of Figures,
and 2, looking toward the right.
:
Figure 9. is a detail in plan, some parts being broken away, shewing part of the
dummy line, and some of the parts directly controlled thereby.

page_text: Figure 10 is a detail of the same, in sectional clevation, looking from the left.
Figure 11 is a perspective of the matrix material feed escapement and its
supporting shelf detached.
Figures 12 and 13 are respectively an end view and a plan of one of the matrix
material holders detached:
Figures 14 and 15 are views in plan of modified forms of the said holder.
Figures 16, 17 and 18 are views in plan, side elevation and cross section of a
matrix strip and matrix.
Figure 19 is a detail in right hand clevation, shewing part of the mechanism for
operating the drum, which carries the matrix holders, and for operating the gally.
Figure 20 is a vertical section on the line X X of Figures 1 and 2, looking
from the left, some parts being shewn in full and others removed.
Figure 21 is a rear view of the machine, some parts being shewn in section, some
parts being broken away, and others represented in diagram only.
"
Figure 22 is a perspective view shewing the product of the machine, viz.: a
linotype.
For convenience of reference, the following classification of reference letters will
be employed in the detailed description, to wit:
a and the powers of a, as a' a &c. will be used to denote the parts of the
framework.
b and its powers, denote the power-shaft and its immediately connected parts.
c and its powers, the auxiliary shaft, and its immediately connected parts.
d and its powers, the dummy or mechanical line, and its immediately connected
parts.
У
and its powers, the setting slides, key-board and primary setting devices.
and its powers, the matrix-holder, matrix-feed devices, anvil &c.
k, and its powers, the dies, impression device &c.
m and its powers, the die selecting finger and its placing mechanism.
P
and its powers, the spacing lever, variable throw escapement &c. for controlling
the matrix-feed.
r and its powers, the justifier.
and its powers, the casting mechanism, automatic matrix filling device &c.
zas before stated, denotes the linotype or product of the machine.
The main frame comprises a horizontal table or bed plate a, supporting legs a', a
vertical plate a², which will hereinafter be called the centre-plate, and various
projecting brackets which will be noted in connection with the description of the
other parts.
THE DRIVING SHAFTS &c.
A power shaft bis supported in bearings on the top of the bed plate and
provided
extends from the left to a point near the centre of the machine, and
with a driving pulley b¹, for the application of power and a balance wheel 2:
This shaft is kept in constant motion, at a high rate of speed.
Directly above the power shaft, supported in bearings from near the left end
of the bed-plate is a shaft c extending from front to rear of the machine, which
It carries a worm gear c
will, for distinction, be called the auxiliary shaft.
loosely sleeved thereon, which is in constant engagement with a worm &³ on the
power shaft. The worm gear has ratchet teeth c on its front face, with which a
spring-held driving pawl, pivotted in a slot within the auxiliary shaft tends
constantly to 'engage; but is normally prevented from so doing by a spring-held
trip block c', which engages with the tail or free end of the pawl. This block is
tripped, at will, and the auxiliary shaft thrown into gear with the power-shaft, by
a starting lever c, through a suitable connection c. The relative arrangement of
the driving pawl and the trip block are such that when the auxiliary shaft has
made a complete revolution, it will be automatically thrown out of gear, the
face of the trip block being cam shaped for action on the tail of the pawl to
free the same from the ratchet of the worm-gear.

page_text: THE DUMMY LINE AT REST.
The dummy line comprises a series of independently movable pieces or stops d
mounted in a movable frame d'. This frame with its stops is supported on
horizontal runways d², extending from the right to near the left end of the machine
at a considerable distance above the level of the bed plate, by means of right and
left vertical blocks or standards a³ and a. The stops are independently movable
in a vertical direction within the frame and will be held in whatever position they
may be set by a spring actuated pawl shelf or latch plate d³, the knife edge of
which engages with lock notches or teeth on the front edges of the stops. The
latch-plate has a slot and pin connection with the dummy frame, as shewn at d
which serves to cam the plate forward and backward, when the latch-plate is moved
lengthwise of the frame. The stops of this dummy or mechanical line are in
number sufficient for a line of characters or impressions of a maximum length, and
work in sets of three pieces or factors two of which serve to control the selection of
the die, and the third to control the spacing of the same.
Normally, the dummy line stands at the extreme right of its runway, where it is
held and always tends to return by a cord and weight and d°.
The stops of the dummy or mechanical line are prearrangeable with reference to
each other for the entire line of desired dies. This is done by mechanism which
will now be described.
Hereinafter, for brevity, the dummy or mechanical line will be designated or
called the dummy.
In the normal position of the dummy, the latch-plated, is held out of engagement
with the stops by a movable trip d carried by the right hand bracket a³, as will
presently appear, and the stops are in their lowermost or unset position.
THE SETTING SLIDES, KEY-BOARD AND PRIMARY SETTING DEVICES.
Directly under the right hand portion of the dummy runway is located a slide-
frame, having a slot and pin connection, as shewn at 1, with a pair of vertically
movable racks and ³, mounted in grooves of the blocks a³ and a', the racks
serving to lift the frame whenever so desired, and the slot and pin connection to
move the frame first to the rear before the upward motion begins.
In the frame-work are mounted a series of independently movable pieces f
working in sets of three, which for distinction are called the setting slides. They
correspond in number, arrangement and function to the stops of the dummy, and are
first positioned in order to position or set the stops of the dummy. These slides
have teeth on their rear faces with which engage a corresponding series of individual
spring pawls f. These pawls are all secured to a common shaft carrying crank
arms and . The upper crank arm is under spring tension by spring
move backward, which tends to throw the pawls into their inactive position. It is
held forward by a latch 10, and is thrown into this position so as to be engaged by
the latch by the lower crank arm f, striking a projection f", when the frame
reaches its lowermost position. The slides will therefore be held in whatever.
position they may be set relative to each other.
to
The slides have on their front edges notches f", one notch on each slide. With
the notches of each set of three slides engage the free ends of three setting arms f¹³,
having free ends or tips in different planes. These setting arms are mounted to
slide on three rockshafts 14, placed one above the other in front of the setting
slides. The setting arms are embraced by a pair of plates f1, attached to the end
of a rack f. This rack with the setting arms constitutes the slide setting
carriage.
The free ends of the setting arms are constructed to closely fit the notches of the
setting slides, so that the slide must move with and stop with the arms, thereby
preventing the slides being thrown beyond the desired position, under the effect of
momentum.

page_text: 17
The setting carriage is normally held at the extreme left of the slide-frame and
tends always to return to that position by means of a cord and weight and fis.
The setting carriage is fed to the right by a cam-flange on an escapement
controlled feed-wheel loosely mounted or sleeved on the right hand end of the
power shaft, with which it may be made to turn by a spring-held driving pawl,
which normally tends to engage with a ratchet-faced driving disc f", fixed to the
power shaft. It is normally held out of engagement by a spring-seated stop-rod 23,
carried by the pivotted driving-pawl. The stop rod is normally held by its spring
in engagement with the shoulder of a cam-shaped stop-plate f fixed to the frame.
The cam-shaped face of this stop-plate serves to throw the pawl out of engagement
with the ratchet, at the end of each revolution of the feed wheel. Whenever the
stop rod is thrown up out of engagement with the stop-plate, the setting wheel will
make a complete revolution and stop. The cam-flange on the setting wheel engages
with the studs or teeth on the setting-carriage feed-rack, and is so shaped as to
feed the same to the right, by a two stepped or divided movement, one step serving
to move the carriage so that the setting arms will clear the slides last set and
permit the arms to be returned to their normal position, and the other step moving
the arms into engagement with the notchies of the next set of slides. The setting
carriage is held wherever fed, by a spring-held retaining latch
25
The hub of the setting wheel has fixed thereon a crank disc which, by con-
necting rod 28 is united to the extended arm f", of the loose member of one of a
set of friction clutches, carried on the left ends of the rock-shafts. The loose
members of these friction clutches are all connected by a tie rod. The two
members of the friction clutches are held under adjustable tension in any suitable
way. One member of the clutch being rigid on the rock-shaft and the other loose,
the shaft may stop wherever intercepted, while permitting the movable member to
be given the extreme throw of the crank-disc. If not intercepted, the rock shafts
would all be given an extreme throw backward and forward at each revolution of
the crank disc. The rock shafts have forwardly projecting blades, which are
engaged by a set of notched pieces 3, located directly in front of the same and
movable on a fulcrum. On account of their function to intercept the blades
and arrest the setting arms, these pieces will be called blade stops. There are as
many of these blade-stops as there are characters, and each has three notches for
engaging with the three blades of the setting shaft, to arrest the setting arms in
the proper positions to locate or set the setting slides. These blade stops might
themselves be used as keys, but instead of so doing a bank of keys is placed
directly in front of the same, the keys being arranged to operate on the blade stops.
The key levers are in number one-third the number of the blade stops, and are
normally set to move the blade stops corresponding to lower case letters. The
whole key-board is movable to the right or to the left of its central position, so as
to permit any given key to work on either one of the other two corresponding
blade stops, to give capitals or numbers, as may be desired.
The key-board is held in its central or normal position by a spring f", attached
to a pair of sliding blocks having a slot and pin connection with the bed
plate. It is moved to either side of its central position, by a shifting lever/".
Directly to the rear of the blade stops is a common bail f, which will be
rocked by the rearward movement of any blade stop. The bail-shaft 3 has a
crank arm in position to strike a trip lever f" operating the escapement trip
rod f, working through the bed plate in position to throw the stop rod of the
escapement or setting wheel out of engagement with its stop plate. Hence,
whenever a key is struck on the key-board, the setting wheel will be given a
complete turn and the setting arms will be limited by the blade stops, thus
positioning the corresponding set of setting slides.
It should be noted that the two lowermost of the setting shafts and setting arms
operate to set the two slides for controlling the selection of the die; and that the
uppermost of the setting shafts and setting arms operate to set the slide for controlling

page_text: the spacing of the die. This upper setting shaft has attached near its left end a
forwardly projecting arm 3, carrying a spring-held pawl ", which engages with
a letter space indicating rack f, and serves to move the same upward a variable
number of units or steps according to the space that would be required for the
corresponding die. The rack carries a pointer f16, which moves over a scale f7, 5
indicating to the eye the amount of space the selected characters would require.
The rack is held by a retaining pawl 48 and works through a groove on a forwardly
projecting part of the left end slide rack ³.
It is necessary to move this rack or counter with great precision. To accomplish
this result and to prevent the racing of the rack, a stop or banking-block is
placed in position to engage the back of the pawl head at the extreme of its throw,
and to act as a lock to hold the pawl in the tooth of the rack. The rack can
therefore not move any farther than the pawl. The surface of this block which
engages with the back of the pawl head should be on an incline approximately
parallel but slightly convergent to the back of the rack tooth.
The operator at the key-board can see from the indicator when the line is
approximately full and will know where to break the same. The setting slides will
then have been set with reference to each other in the slide-frame, so as to select
an unjustified line of dies.
Justification is effected by means which will be hereinafter described.
C
The slide frame may now be lifted and its settings transferred to the dummy.
This is accomplished as follows:-The starting lever c is moved by the operator,
throwing the auxiliary shaft c into action. The slide frame will be then immediately
raised and lowered. This is done by a cam 50 on the auxiliary shaft (third cam
on said shaft from front) acting on a cam lever 1, which in turn works a short
rack and a sector, thereby rocking a counter shaft, having a pair of
sectors in engagement with the said slide-frame racks f3 and 3. At the start,
the slide-frame is first forced backward, in virtue of the slot and pin connection;
shewn at, thereby allowing the slides to stand clear of the setting arms on the
setting carriage. It then moves directly upward, as far as the cam will carry, it,
causing the slides to set the stops of the dummy.
At the extreme of the slide frames upward movement, a projection from the
slide frame strikes a pin ds on the trip d', thereby tripping the dummy stop latch-
plate allowing the same to become active, under its spring tension, to hold the
dummy stops in whatever position they may have been set.
As the slide frame moved upward, the cam surface f", on the left slide rack f³
struck a projecting pin from the retaining latch, freeing the said latch from the
rack of the setting carriage, thus allowing the setting carriage to be returned to its
normal position, by its cord and weight. The cam flange on the periphery of the
setting feed wheel f0, has a gap to permit this return movement of the setting
rack.
On the down motion of the slide frame, the latch fo is caught by spring-trip 8,
permitting the individual pawls to be thrown back into their inactive position
and allowing the setting-slides to drop on the slide-frame into their normal position.
At the limit of the slide frame's return movement, these individual pawls again
become active as hitherto described.
69
On the upward movement of the slide-frame, a trip bar " carried by friction
held arms is struck by a projecting pin fi, from the left end slide frame
rack, thereby releasing both pawls of the indicator rack, and allowing the said
indicator rack to drop by gravity into its normal position. On the down movement
of the slide frame, this same trip bar is forced down to its limit, thus throwing
the indicator pawls into their normal or active positions.
All the parts employed to set the stops of the dummy line in position for work,
are now back in their normal positions. Hence, the operator may proceed at the
key-board to set the slides for the next line.
The dummy now still stands at the extreme right of its runway ready for work.
1

page_text: PARTS CONTROLLED BY THE DUMMY.
THE MATRIX MAKING MECHANISM PROPER.
Secured to the centre-plate near its top, is a cylindrical anvil or impression bed,
attached to the centre-plate by anvil bracket g' cast integral with the anvil proper.
Movable on this cylindrical anvil, is a drum which for distinction, will be called
the matrix drum. The anvil stands so that its axis is from front to rear of the
machine. The matrix drum carries a series of four matrix material holders g³,
which work in longitudinal slots of the said drum, the said slots or holders being
spaced apart on the drum at equal distances. The holders have projecting spring
lips, which work in grooves in the walls of the main slots, which serve to keep
the matrix holders in their seats or slots under slight friction and against the anvil
or impression bed. In the anvil bracket on its underside and to the rear of the
drum, is a slot and groove forming pathway corresponding to the slot and
groove for the holder in the drum. When the impression is being made, the holder
stands with its matrix material, in line with this pathway. Each holder has
projecting through its back and loosely seated therein, a series of three pins gº,
which work in annular grooves g' in the periphery of the anvil. These grooves
are in the nature of cams running flush with the surface of the anvil near the top,
for ejecting the old or used matrix strip, as will hereinafter appear.
a
A strip of lead is employed as the preferred form of matrix material. This
strip with the matrix formed therein is shewn in Figures 16, 17 and 18, and
lettered g.
The face of the matrix holder is provided with meshes or recesses go to permit
the escape of matrix material displaced by the dies as the impression is made.
These meshes may be in the form of grooves, as shewn in Figures 12 and 13, or a
scored surface, as shewn in Figure 14, or a perforated surface, as shewn in
Figure 15. A piece of wire cloth placed between the matrix material and the
holder would also answer the same purpose. The surface should be so made as to
give a maximum amount of escape openings and still preserve sufficient supporting
surface to hold the strip of matrix material, under the action of the dies. This
holder thus formed with meshes or escapes for the displaced material, is of the
utmost importance, as a means of securing a perfect linotype or stereotype bar.
The material displaced by the dies must go somewhere, and were it not for the
meshes would break down the walls and fill in the bottoms of the previous
impressions. By employing the meshes, the walls of the matrix remain intact and
perfect. Hence, a perfect cast or linotype can be produced therefrom.
The matrix holder when at the impression point, stands with its pins engaging a
matrix feed-bar glo, which has grooves for that purpose in line, when in its normal
position, with the grooves of the anvil. The matrix feed-bar has attached to its
rear end a cord and weight g" and 13, tending to draw it to the rear. The matrix
feed-bar extends toward the front of the machine and is connected indirectly (as
will appear later) with the matrix feed-rack proper g, which is mounted to move
from front to rear in a suitable guide-way on a bracket 94, fixed to the front end
of the anvil bracket. This rack is engaged by a pinion on the upper end of the
matrix feed shaft gl, which is operated, as will presently appear, by the space factor
of the dummy line.
THE DIES &c.
Directly below the anvil and matrix-drum, on a shelf k, projecting, from the right
face of the centre plate, is a truncated hollow dome. ¹, fixed to the said shelf.
This dome has a series of radial slits corresponding in number to the number of
dies. Pivoted inside the dome, and working through said slits as guides, are a
series of individual die-carriers k, having the dies ³ spring-seated, at the, upper or

page_text: font, representing all the characters employed. By the movement of the die-
carriers, the dies are alignable in succession at the apex of the dome, as the common
point of impression.
Working in a guide k', in the axial line of the dome, is the impression plunger k³,
to the lower end of which is attached a toggle &, the lower arin of which is rigid
on the toggle operating shaft k7. The toggle is normally held broken, by a
spring attached at one end to the left side of the centre-plate, and at the other
end to an arm rigid on the left end of the toggle or impression shaft.
The upper end of the impression plunger and the lower ends of the dies are
conical, one being concave and the other convex. The dies, when at the impression
point, work through a truing hole ko, in an alignment or guide-plate ". Hence,
the dies will be centered at their lower ends by the plunger, and at their upper ends
by the truing hole, and a perfect alignment of the impressions will thereby be
secured. The die-carrier levers have knobs near their free ends, which when at the
impression point, bear against the under surface of the alignment plate as shown in
dotted lines, in Figure 8, and serve to relieve the die-levers from strain, under the
action of the impression plunger.
The die-levers tend to return to their normal position, after the die has been
impressed, by their own gravity; but this return movement is insured and hastened
by the spring depressed common ring 12, acting on the said levers near their
fulcrum.
To select the desired dies from the multitude or font of dies, a corresponding
number of operating rods or connections, are placed in a suitable guide-head k",
one in position for operation on each die-lever, and have their terminals arranged
in groups, which grouping, as shown, is effected by bending the rods, so that they
stand in rows (approximately) in two directions, at their lower terminals. The said
terminal ends of the said rods are held in these working positions by a perforated
guide-plate, which as shown, depends from the dome shelf . Facing the
terminals of the said rods, directly below the same as shown, is a striker-plate 16,
which should be of slightly greater diameter than the diagram described by the
terminals of the said rods. The diagram described by the said terminals is shown
on the top or face of the said striker-plate, in Figure 3 of the drawings. The
striker-plate has a depending stem working in a guide fixed to the bed-plate.
THE SELECTING FINGER, AND ITS PLACING MECHANISM.
Resting with its free end on the said striker-plate and universally movable
thereon is a movable piece m, controlled from the dummy, which on account of its
function may be called the selecting finger. For brevity, this may frequently be
referred to hereinafter, as the finger. As shown, the finger carries at its outer end,
a striker pin, which by the movement of the finger, is alignable with the terminal
of any one of the operating rods ¹³, the different positions which the said striker-
pin will take, being at the intersections of the lines shown in the diagrams, on the
face of the striker-plate . These positions are in line with corresponding
terminals of the said operating rods. The finger takes these different positions,
to select the group and the particular die of the group, as the result of a
compound motion on the said striker-plate effected by placing mechanism, as
follows:-
FINGER PLACING MECHANISM.
The finger is swivelled at its forward end to the lower extremity of a placer-
lever m, and has its free end united by a flexible connection m' with the rear end
of another placer-lever m³. This flexible connection is directed by a guide-
sheave m, fixed to a post projecting from the bed-plate to the right of a striker-
plate. The flexible connection will hereinafter for brevity, be called the cord.
The finger is normally held down against the striker plate by a spring m³, and so
as to hold the cord taut by a spring m. It is also held at the forward margin

page_text: of the striker-plate by the normal position of the placing-lever m¹. The placer-
levers have concentric hubs, being mounted on hearing-brackets m² and m³, pro-
jecting from the rear rail of the dummy-track. Rigid with the same hub as the
placer-lever m¹ is a forwardly projecting stop-arm ; and rigid with the same
hub as the placer-lever m³ is a forwardly projecting stop arm mld. Having its hub
concentric with the placer-lever hubs, is a matrix feed controlling or spacing
lever p, which has also a forwardly projecting stop arm p', located between the
placer stop arms. These three stop arms normally stand under tension by springs,
the springs m being connected one to each of the arms m² and m, and the
spring p² being connected to the space lever p. The stop-arms are held upward in
their normal position against the tension of the said springs, by a plunger rod p³,
the head of which works under returning arms rigidly secured to the said
concentric hubs, the return arm m, being on the hub of the placer-lever m¹, the
return-arm 3 being on the hub of the other placer-lever m³, and the return-
arm p being on the hub of the spacing lever p.
16
The spacing lever p is connected at its lower end through a rod p³ with an
arm p loosely mounted on the matrix feed shaft ge. This arm p is flexible and
carries a striker pin p' at its outer end. Directly below the said arm on the
matrix feed-shaft go rigid therewith is a pin escapement wheel p³. The pins in
this wheel are held by friction, and are placed at distances apart corresponding to
units of feed on the matrix material. This escapement wheel is directly over a
shelf, notched or cut away as shown at p10, and having cam-surfaces, as shown.
at pand p (see Figure 11). In bearing lugs p³ depending from the shelf is
mounted an escapement shaft p, having a pair of escapement pawls p" and pl.
Of these pawls is rigid with the shaft and is the retaining pawl; and is
pivoted, so as to swing lengthwise of the shaft and is the escapement pawl proper.
This escapement shaft has a crank arm p17 united by a slot and pin connection, as
shown at pa, with the vertical plunger-rod p. This escapement shaft has an
action on the pin escapement wheel similar to that of an ordinary type-writer
feed escapement. Normally, the escapement wheel stands with one pin in the
notch po and held by the retaining pawl p; and the striker pin arm pa stands
distant therefrom seven pins or units, which is the greatest number of space
units which would be required on the matrix material for any selected die.
The dies are all cut on the unit principle of the well known self spacing dies,
so that their faces are all multiples of a common unit. The arm p has a variable
throw, corresponding to the units of space required for any given die, the throw
being determined or controlled by the space-factor or stop in the dummy line.
Hence, it will stand over the proper pin in the escapement wheel, and the pin will
be forced down by a striker arm p carried by the plunger p³. The cam
surfaces p and p12, return or force the pins upward into their normal position after.
use, the cam surface "acting on the advance motion of the escapement wheel,
and the cam surface p" on the return motion of the same.
The parts directly controlled by the dummy have now been specified. The
eation will be turand Ininu
Recalling now that the auxiliary shaft was started, in order to lift the slide-
frame and return the same to its normal position, and that the dummy was left at
rest, on the extreme right of its runway, the other parts necessary to understand
its action may now be specified.
:
On the power shaft is loosely mounted a sleeve U, and a sliding half clutch 6,
engageable with each other. The clutch is held under tension to engage with the
sleeve by a spring 6, applied to the bell crank clutch lever 6'. One arm of-this-
clutch lever has a pin 6.standing under the long arm of a bell-crank cam-lever¨º,1
D

page_text: the short arm of which is operated upon by a cam 610, at the extreme front end of
the auxiliary shaft. A spring held latch 6, attached to the cam lever 6º, engages
on a shoulder of the bed plate and will hold the said cam lever, when raised to its
uppermost position by the cam 610, until tripped. A spring 13 connects the long
arm of the cam lever with the bed plate and will pull the same down when the
latch is tripped. Another spring latch 61 is connected by a link &" with the
latch, and, when the long arm of the clutch lever is down or in its normal
position, will engage over the end of the said lever and hold the said clutch open.
When the cam lever has been raised by the cam 610 into its uppermost position,
the latch snaps onto the shoulder of the bed plate, holding up the cam lever and
throwing back the latch 6", permitting the spring 1 to instantly close the clutch
thus locking the sleeve to the power shaft. This was done at about the end of
the first sixty degrees movement of the auxiliary shaft. The sleeve will now
continue to move with the power shaft until the latch 1 is tripped, which is
automatically done by the dummy through a trip rod and other connections
which will be hereinafter specified.
The dummy frame has on its back, rack teeth, which are engaged by a
pinion on the dummy driving shaft d¹. The lower end of the shaft has
loosely mounted thereon a stud wheel which is engaged by a cam flange 13 on
the driving sleeve b. The stud wheel is normally locked to the shaft by a spring
held driving pawl d¼ pivoted to the lower end of the shaft and engaging with
ratchet teeth on the lower side of the said stud wheel. This pawl is tripped to
permit the return of the dummy, after use, by a trip lever ", connected to and
operated by the clutch shifting lever on its opening movement. The cam flange d¹³
is so shaped as to feed the dummy by a quick movement near the later part of the
driving sleeve's revolution.
Near the right end of the driving sleeve is a cam p20 (second cam from right)
which operates on a pivoted cam lever p", connected at its free end by a link p²,
with the plunger p³. This cam in the normal position of the sleeve holds the
plunger på, in its uppermost or normal position, and all the parts controlled thereby
in their normal positions. At this time, the left hand set of the dummy stops
stand under the stop arms of the placer levers and the space lever. When the
sleeve starts, this cam permits the plunger to drop, allowing the stop arms to snap
down onto the dummy stops, thereby locating or placing the selecting finger m,
and the escapement striker pin p', also rocking the escapement shaft p", so that
the retaining pawl pl will hold the pin escapement wheel p
At the extreme right of the driving sleeve is a cam 18 (first cam on the sleeve)
which operates through a cam lever pivoted to a projection 20 from the bed-
plate and having its free end united to the stem of the striker plate by a slot and
pin connection, as shown at kl.
To lower the plunger &c. required about the first thirty degrees movement of
the driving sleeve. During the next sixty degrees movement thereof, the first
cam throws up the striker plate, aligning the selected die, at the point of
impression and holding it there. During the next one hundred and twenty degrees
of the sleeve's movement, the third or left end cam 22, through a cam lever ka
and link operates the toggle and the impression plunger forcing the
selected die into the matrix material; and at end of the throw permits the toggle
to be broken by the spring k³. During the next twenty degrees of the sleeve's
movement, the striker plate was permitted to fall by gravity. During the last
preceding one hundred and forty degrees movement of the sleeve, the second
cam had raised the plunger upward about one half its stroke. It now completes
the upward movement of the plunger, during the next thirty degrees of the
sleeve's movement, rocking the escapement shaft p", permitting the pin wheel p³
to escape, and effecting the feed of the matrix material. When the plunger was
raised to its limit, the placer lever and spacing lever stop arms were forced
upward free from the dummy, stops and there held in their normal position.

page_text: During the next one hundred degrees of the sleeve's movement, the cam-
flange d and the stud wheel a feeds the dummy to the left, one step, bringing
the next set of its stops under the arms of the placer levers.
These movements of the sleeve and the dummy line &c. took place for the
selection and impression and spacing of a single die.. They are repeated for
every other die, for the selection of which the dummy stops were set. In other
words, the sleeve may make many revolutions, from one to fifty, according to the
number of sets of dummy line stops called into action.
The dummy frame has on its front, ratchet teeth d with which a spring held
pawl tends constantly to engage, but is normally held from so doing by a pro-
jecting shoe 18 on the end of the pawl, which, when the dummy line is in action,
rides against the face or front edge of such of the stops as have been set for use.
Whenever this shoe passes beyond the stops which have been raised for use, it will
be permitted to move backward over the top of the first unraised stops allowing the
pawl to snap into the ratchet. The pawl is attached at its left end to a crank
arm 19 on a vertical trip shaft 20, which carries another crank arm connected
to the trip rod 1. Hence, the latch 61 will be immediately tripped, the sliding
clutch opened, and the driving sleeve thrown out of gear. In other words, when-
ever all the stops of the dummy which were set for the desired line of dies had
done their work, the dummy automatically stops the matrix making mechanism.
The shaft also carries an arm d which, when the pawl d" snaps into the rack,
is thrown under the stop arms of the placer levers and the spacing lever to hold the
same up out of the way of the dummy stops on the return movement of the dummy.
The opening movement of the sliding clutch sets free the dummy driving rack from
its driving pawl, by means before specified, allowing the dummy to return to its
normal position at the extreme right of its runway, under the action of its cord and
weight. On its return movement, the left end face of the dummy frame forces the
pawl forward rocking the vertical trip shaft 20 toward the front; thereby
throwing the arm d" out from under the stop arms of the placer levers and the
spacing lever.
"
At the limit of its return movement, the dummy stop-latch shelf d³ struck the
trip, throwing the latch out of engagement with the dummy stops; permitting the
said stops to fall on their frame into their normal or unset position.
Working in a slot on the back of the dummy frame, is a loose rack (23, which
engages with a pinion d, ou the matrix feed shaft go. This loose rack is free to
follow the dummy frame in its working movements toward the left; but on the
return of the dummy-frame is carried with it to the right, thus turning the matrix
feed shaft in the opposite direction from its feed movements, and restoring the
matrix holder into its normal position within the matrix drum.
The mechanisin so far described, would have produced an unjustified matrix or
line of impressions in the matrix material. Instead of so doing, however, a justified
matrix was produced by means of a supplemental feed acting on the matrix material
holder, which feed devices are, for distinction, called the justifier, and will now be
specified.
THE JUSTIFIER.
It will be recalled that the letter space required for the selected dies, or
characters, as picked out on the key board, was indicated by the letter space

page_text: connected at its upper end to a part of the justifier support g". The face of the
guide bar has a slot or guide way extending the entire length of the bar, in
which works a projecting stud » of a crank arm, attached at its rear end rigidly
to a crank shaft mounted on the outer end of the matrix feed rack g¹³. The left
crank of the crank shaft is connected by a link to with the matrix feed bar g¹º.
If the characters selected at the key board exactly fill out a column line of a
predetermined length, say for example, one hundred and fifty units, the indicator
rack would have been raised upward to its limit, and, when the slide frame was
lifted, would have set the justifier rack, upward to its limit, and have set the
guide bar in a horizontal line. In this position, the normal feed of the matrix
material would not be varied.
If the indicator rack set this guide in any other than the horizontal position, as
for example, on an incline as shown in Figure 8, then every time the matrix
material feed rack was moved, the pin would follow downward in the slot of the
guide bar, thereby rocking the crank shaft, and adding a supplemental movement
to the matrix material holder. The guide bar would stand on an incline below the
horizontal level, whenever the characters indicated on the key board would require
less than a full line; and the supplemental movement added to the matrix material
holder by the justifier would distribute this difference among all the characters and
space movements of the line, in proportion to the said movements.
If the line indicated on the key board was more than full, the guide bar 4 would
stand on an incline above the horizontal level and would move the crank shaft 8 in
the opposite direction, when the feed movements of the matrix feed rack took place,
thereby substracting from the normal movement of the matrix material holder, so
as to produce the justified matrix.
Other mechanism might have been substituted for the devices herein shown, so
as to throw the variation in the spacing entirely between words, instead of among
all the letters, as done by the justifier hereinbefore described. Inasmuch, as the
dummy line has its parts pre-arranged for the entire desired line, its space factors
could be changed in various ways, or made to control various mechanisins to effect
.the justification, as was stated in the general description.
The justifier herein described, is, however, extremely simple and will answer the
purpose for many kinds of work.
The parts of the justifier are permitted to return by gravity to their lowermost
or normal position, by the forward or return movement of the matrix material feed
rack, which by a spring trip strikes the heel of the retaining pawl r², dis-
engaging the pawl from the justifier rack r¹. When the rack falls and reaches its
normal position, another trip, depending from the top of the same, strikes the
spring trip throwing it off of the heel of the retaining pawl, allowing the said
retaining pawl to assume it active position.
The mechanism so far described has produced a justified matrix. From this, a
linotype or stereotype bar is cast by mechanism which will now be described.
CASTING MECHANISM, MATRIX STRIP, MAGAZINE &C.
The matrix drum, as before stated, carries four matrix holders. This is to permit
one matrix holder to be in position to receive the impressions from the dies, another,
to be in line with the mould to receive a cast from the casting mechanism, a third,
to be in an idle or ejecting position to permit the ejection of the old or used strip of
matrix material; and the fourth, to be in line with an automatic filling device for
supplying to the same a new strip of matrix material.
The mould s moves in a slot near the top of the centre plate, and normally stands
at the extreme front end of the slot. The mould is carried by a rack s', which is
engaged by a pinion & on a short shafts, which has a pinion s in engagement with
a vertically movable rack working in Keepers on the right side of the centre
plate. This vertical rack is normally held in its uppermost position, by a cam s
located on, the auxiliary shaft (fourth cam from the front) working on a cạm

page_text: lever, fulcrumed to a projection from the bed plate shown at 8. The vertical
rack is under tension to lower, when so permitted by the cam, from a springs.
The rear face of this same vertical rack has other rack teeth 10, which through
a pawl and ratchet gear "operates the matrix drum, the pawl bearing member of
which is loose on its shaft and engages with the crown gear g, on the front face of
the matrix drum.
When the auxiliary shaft starts, the cam & permits the vertical rack to be
lowered by its spring, thereby throwing the mould to the rear into line with the
matrix holder containing the matrix of the last preceding line, which was brought
into that position by the same movement of the said vertical rack, through the
pawl and ratchet gear "acting on the matrix drum. The same movement of the
matrix drum ejected the old strips of matrix material by the grooves and pins
before described, from which a cast had been previously made and aligned an empty
holder with the filling device, and another holder with a new strip of matrix
material, at the impression point. These movements occured during the time that
the slide frame was being lifted to set the parts of the dummy line and return to
normal position, as before stated, or during the first sixty degrees movement of the
auxiliary shaft. During the next one hundred and eighty degrees movement of
the auxiliary shaft, the casting pot $12, pivotally supported by legs 1, and con-
taining metal kept in a molten state by a burners, is thrown to the right by a
cam on the auxiliary shaft (fifth cam from front) acting through cam
levers 6 and 7 and toggle joints, against a retracting spring ; thereby
closing the mould against the face of the adjacent matrix material holder. At this
time the plunger 20, of the pump in the casting pot, is thrown down by a spring,
acting through cam lever and connecting rods, producing the cast of the
linotype. Instantly thereafter, a cam 24 on the auxiliary shaft (sixth cam from
front) raises the cam lever s" and the plunger of the pump back into its normal or
inoperative position.
During the next sixty degrees movement of the auxiliary shaft, the vertical
racks is raised by its operating cam into its uppermost or normal position,
thereby throwing the mould to the extreme. front into its normal position.
During this return movement of the vertical rack, the ratchet wheel of the
pawl and ratchet gear slipped, permitting the drum to remain stationary. On
the forward motion of the mould, the back of the linotype was shaved to a true
surface by a knife $25.
During the next and last sixty degrees movement of the auxiliary shaft, the
linotype is ejected by a cam 26 (second cam from the front), acting through a cam
lever $27, connecting rods and a gear wheels, in engagement with a rack
carrying at its forward or right hand end an ejecting blades. By this blade, the
linotype is forced out toward the right on to a movable galley head, where it
remains until the auxiliary shaft is again started into inotion. Several of the
linotypes are represented at, in the gally, where all except the one last made
are held by a pair of gravity hooks. The linotype last made is made to take
its position on the hooks by the initial or downward movement of the vertical rack,
when the auxiliary shaft is again started, through a pivoted lever 83, and a link 836
connected to the movable gally head. By this down motion of the vertical
racks, the gally head is forced upward, camming out the hooks, and permitting
the gally head and linotype to be raised above the same. The gally head itself is
either sufficiently short or slotted to clear the hooks. Hence, when the vertical
rack is returned upward to its normal position, the galley head will be lowered
into its normal position, leaving the linotype on the books.
During the whole revolution of the auxiliary shaft, an eccentric 18 located at
the rear end of the same, operates through eccentric strap g and crank arm g20
to rock a shaft gal which extends through the centre of the impression bed or
anvil, giving to the same a complete throw forward and returu. This rock
shaft has arms connected by links to a plunger bar y", working in a guide
way on a shelf or bracket 2, fixed to. the anvil bracket. Directly above the

page_text: shelf is a matrix strip magazine g, containing unused strips of matrix material gª.
These strips are under pressure from a follower g2, actuated by a cord and
weight and 2. A. feeding blade 90 is attached to pivoted arms and works
through a slot in the top of the magazine to force a strip of matrix material in
front of the plunger, at the proper time. This blade is actuated by a crank 932
attached to one of the pivoted arins and connected by a link 933, through a pin and
slot, shown at g34, with the plunger bar.
These devices constitute an automatic filling device which forces the new strip
of matrix.material into position on the empty matrix holder.
It will be recalled that the old or used matrix is ejected from the idle holder, at
the top of the drum by the action of the cam grooves on the anvil, through the
loose pins in the matrix holder. The old matrix thus ejected is as shown, caught
by a scraper gas and directed out of the road.
S
The casting pot is covered by suitable housing 37, having a slot 88 in line with
the mould through which the nozzle of the casting pot may move.
A justified linotype or stereotype bar of the first selected line has now been
produced; and the parts of the matrix making mechanism, and the casting
mechanism are all back in their normal positions.
While all this was in progress, the operator may have been at work, at the key
board, locating the setting slides for the next line, and should be ready or about
ready to again touch the starting lever.
It should be noted that the mouth of the pathway g³, in the anvil bracket, in
which the particular matrix holder at the impression point moves, as it is fed to
the rear for spacing the impressions, is bell mouthed and the rear end of the
matrix holders may be slightly bevelled on their vertical corners. Hence, the
movement in the matrix holder into this pathway will exactly align that matrix
holder at the impression point, and all the other holders in their proper corre-
sponding positions, vis. one in line with the mould, another at the ejecting position
of the old or used strip, at the top of the anvil, and the fourth or empty holder in
line with the filling device. In other words, the matrix holder itself, in co-operation
.with its fixed pathway, is made to align all the holders at their proper positions ;
and to accomplish this result before any die is impressed, the matrix holder feed
mechanism may be arranged to feed the said holder one step in advance of the first
die's movement.
It will be seen that the matrix material after having been forced on to the holder
is never moved on the holder until after the cast has been taken from the matrix.
In other words, the movements of the matrix holder places the matrix material in
its different necessary positions, and the matrix strip itself is never moved. This
fact is of great importance as any disturbance or distortion of the matrix is thereby
prevented. This fact taken together with the escape openings on the face of the
holder, for the displaced material under the action of the dies, insures a perfect
matrix and a perfect cast therefrom.
It will be seen that the "dummy line .proper " and "the setting slides" or
"duplicate dummy" constitute, in reality, two sets of die selecting devices con-
sisting of independently movable parts prearrangable with reference to each other
for an entire selected line. Hence, one set may be at work controlling the matrix
making mechanism for a given line, while the other set are being arranged from
the keys for the next succeeding line. As shown, one dummy "the setting slides,"
.transfers its settings to the other, i.e. "the dummy proper;" but, it will readily be
understood, that other arrangements might be made to take advantage of this
duplicate principle. The dummies might be arranged, for example, so as to be set,
in succession, directly from the keys.

page_text: A brief review of the machine's operation as a whole may be stated as
follows:-
From the key board, through the primary setting devices, the operator sets or
positions the setting slides on the slide frame for the entire desired line.
The operator then touches the starting lever, throwing the auxiliary shaft into
action.
The slide frame is then raised and immediately lowered to normal position;
which by its upward movement set the stops of the dummy. When the slide frame
returned to its normal position, the operator was free to proceed at the key board,
selecting the next line."
At the same time that the slide frame reached its normal position or immediately
thereafter, the sliding clutch was closed, throwing the driving-sleeve into gear with
the power shaft starting the dummy line, matrix making mechanism and casting
mechanism into action.
The dummy continued to act controlling the selection and spacing of the dies
until the entire line of impressions was made. When the slide frame lifted it had
set the parts of the justifier, so that this matrix now made, under the control of
the dummy is a justified matrix.
The dummy having reached the end of its stops set for use, opens the clutch and
stops the matrix making mechanism. Immediately thereafter all its parts return
to normal position.
During this same time, and throughout the entire revolution of the auxiliary
shaft, the casting mechanism and its immediately connected parts had been in
operation ejecting the linotype cast from the second preceding matrix; taking a
cast from the last preceding matrix, ejecting the old matrix strip of the second
preceding matrix and filling the empty matrix holder with a new or unused strip of
matrix material.
of
The auxiliary shaft having completed its revolution automatically thrown out
gear with the power shaft.
By this time, the operator at the key board should have selected his characters
and thereby positioned the setting slides on their frame, for all or nearly all of the
next line.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A machine for producing justified linotypes, comprising a duplicate set or pair
of dummies with parts prearrangable for an entire line of dies, a key board and
devices controlled therefrom to set the said dummies, a matrix making mechanism
controlled by one of said dummies while the other dummy is being set for the next
line, an automatic justifier for varying the normal feed of the matrix material so
as to justify the line and a casting mechanism for casting a linotype from the
matrix, the said parts being organized for continuous co-operation, substantially as
described.
2. In a machine such as is above referred to, the combination with matrix making
mechanism of keys for indicating the characters and normal spaces and a dummy
or mechanical line composed of independently movable parts which are first set
from the keys for the entire selected line and then subsequently come into effect
to control the matrix making mechanism substantially as described.
3. For selecting the dies the combination of a bank of keys and two sets of die
selecting devices, each of which consists of a series of independently movable parts
or pieces pre-arrangable with reference to each other for an entire line of dies,
whereby one set of the said die selecting devices may be in use to automatically
control the selection of a given line of dies, while the other set is being arranged
from the keys for the selection of the dies of the next succeeding line substantially
as described.
4. In combination with the keys a primary series of setting slides set by the

page_text: keys, and a dummy or mechanical line composed of a series of independently
movable parts set by the primary setting slides, substantially as described.
5. In combination with a matrix feeding device a letter space indicating device,
and a supplemental matrix feeding device controlled from the indicating device to
vary the matrix feed, so as to justify the line, substantially as described.
6. A matrix material holder or impression bed provided with meshes or recesses
to receive the matrix material displaced by the dies as the impression is made,
substantially as described.
7. In combination with a series of movable, individual dies, alignable in succession
at a common point of impression, a corresponding series of operating rods (con-
nections) having terminals grouped into two factors or rows in two directions, a
mechanical finger capable of universal movement for action on any one of said
terminals, an impression material feeding device, and the dummy or mechanical
line, the parts of which work in sets of three pieces or factors, two of which factors
control the movement of said finger and the third of which factors controls the said
feeding device substantially as described.
8. In combination with a die impressing device and a casting device a matrix
material magazine having a forced feed, a drum moyable in a continuous direction,
and a series of matrix holders mounted on the drum and alignable thereby in
succession with the magazine, the impressing device and the casting device sub-
stantially as described.
9. In combination with a die impressing device and a casting device a fixed
cylinder constituting the impression bed or anvil to resist the impact from the
impressing and casting devices, a drum closely fitting and arranged to revolve on
the cylinder and matrix holders mounted on the drum and alignable thereby with
the impressing and casting devices, substantially as described.
10. In combination with a truncated dome provided with radial slits, a series of
radially movable levers pivoted inside the dome and working through the slits, as
guides, and a corresponding series of dics carried on the free ends of the levers and
alignable thereby in succession at the apex of the dome, as the common point of
impression, substantially as described.
11. In combination with the setting rock shafts and the setting carriage, the
friction clutches and escapement controlled rocker connected to the loose members
of the friction clutches for rocking the shafts against limiting stops, substantially
as described.
Dated this 24th day of September 1892.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.