Articles wnшe Burning, and in Kilns therefor.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Oct., 1887
Complete Left, 24th Nov., 1887
Complete Accepted, 27th Dec., 1887
Articles wnшe Burning, and in Kilns therefor.
I, HERMANN GROSS, of 5 Kirkgate, Shipley, in the County of York, Brick and
Tile Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to treat bricks and tiles and such like whilst in the
burning kiln in such a manner that, they are less porous, harder and more durable
and of a better colour than when the clay is burnt and allowed to cool down in the
ordinary manner.
In carrying out my invention, I treat the clay and burn the same in the ordinary
manner but with a kiln of a different construction, the walls of the same being so
arranged that there is a cavity between them to afford allowance for the inner wall or
casing exposed to the heat to expand and contract without damage to the outer wall
and thereby prevent cracking of the same and the admission of atmospheric air to
the kiln.
The top of the kiln is arched, but the side walls are carried a sufficient height to
retain a thick bed of sand to keep out the air: sand may also be placed in the cavities
beween the side walls for the same purpose, and the damper and connecting flue to
chimney are so constructed that air from the outside may be excluded when necessary,
as are also the furnace, grate and all other openings.
When the bricks are burnt to the hardness required, all atmospheric air from the
exterior is excluded from the interior of the kiln, and a quantity of creasote mineral
oil or tar is injected into a channel terminating at the lower portion of the kiln,
where it is diluted with water injected therein in a suitable manner. The vapor from
the diluted oil rising and filling the air-tight kiln, is allowed to permeate the hot
bricks, tiles or other articles for a considerable time until they are sufficiently cool
for removal, when it is found that the contents of the kiln are of a more agreeable
colour, much harder and less porous than when allowed to cool in the usual
manner.
D2:

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Treatment of Bricks, Tiles, and Analogous
Articles while Burning, and in Kilns therefor.
I, HERMANN GROSS, of 5 Kirkgate, Shipley, in the County of York, Brick and
Tile Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
The object of this invention is to treat bricks, tiles and the like whilst in the burning
kiln in such a manner that, they are less porous, harder and more durable, and of a
better colour than when the clay is burnt and allowed to cool down in the usual way:
and consists in forming or making the kiln air tight after the bricks or the like are
burnt to the ordinary hardness, and injecting into the bottom of the kiln, tar or
creasote diluted with water; and allowing the vapor arising therefrom, to permeate
the bricks or the like until cool; by which the contents of the kiln, are made more
agreeable in colour, much harder and less porous than when allowed to cool in the
ordinary manner.
In order that my invention may be better understood, I will further describe the
same by aid of the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 represents a plan of
my improved kiln, and Fig. 2 a longitudinal section of the same in an irregular
direction through line A. B.
I treat the clay and burn the same in the usual manner, but by preference in a kiln
of a different construction, the walls of the same C and C₁ being so arranged that, there
is a cavity D between them to afford allowance for the inner wall or casing C exposed
to the heat to expand and contract without damage to the outer wall C², and thereby
to prevent cracking and the admission of atmospheric air to the interior; and what
is of more importance, the prevention of the escape of steam from the interior of the
kiln after the bricks and the like are burnt, and for this purpose, I prefer to fill the
cavity with sand.
The top of the kiln at E is arched, and the side walls C or Care carried a
sufficient height to enable them to retain a thick bed of sand on the top of the said
arch, and thereby prevent air getting through the top, or steam escaping from the
interior of the kiln when it is necessary to retain the same within.
In the main flue F, between the kiln and chimney, I place two dampers G and G¹,
so that by the removal of a cover plate, I am enabled to fill the space between the
said dampers with sand, and thus further close the opening between the kiln and
chimney.
The furnace openings may be covered with planks, plates or other material at H,
and the space J filled with sand, for the exclusion of air and the retaining of all
steam within the kiln after the bricks and the like are burnt.

page_text: The bricks tiles or the like are built up in the kiln for burning in the usual manner,
upon a bed, two or three courses thick, built somewhat as shewn at H', having cavities
or spaces between the bricks forming the bed and when the bricks or the like built
on the said bed are burnt to the ordinary degree of hardness, all atmospheric air is
excluded from the interior in the manner before described, and a quantity of creasote
or tar injected by a pump or other suitable apparatus through pipes K, into the
cavities, spaces, or channels between the bed bricks H¹ of the kiln; where it is
diluted with water injected therein in any suitable manner; or the creasote or tar
be diluted with water prior to injection; and the vapour from the same filling the air
tight kiln, permeates the hot bricks, tiles or the like until they are sufficiently cool for
removal, by which means the contents of the kiln are made more agreeable and better
in colour, much harder, and less porous than when allowed to cool in the ordinary
manner.
may
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
The colouring and hardening of bricks and the like by injecting water, creasote or
tar into the hot kiln, substantially in the manner described.
Dated this 21st day of November 1887.
JOHN WAUGH,
Bradford, Yorkshire,
Agent.