IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM PUMPING ENGINES
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Zerah Colburn, of Number 15, Tavistock Street,
Bedford Square, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Engineer, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM PUMPING ENGINES."
Sealed the 7th November 1862, and dated the 29th July 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Zerah Colburn at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
July 1862.
I, ZERAH COLBURN, of Number 15, Tavistock Street, Bedford Square, in
the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM PUMPING ENGINES," to be as
follows:-
I construct single-acting steam pumping engines in the following manner:
-I construct the steam cylinder and pump barrel so that they shall form but
a single vessel closed at both ends. Within' this vessel I place either a single
long piston or two pistons cast, forged, or otherwise firmly joined together,

page_text: and I make the distance between the two outer faces of the long piston or of
the double piston, as the case may be, sufficiently great in proportion to the
stroke to prevent the exposure of any single point in the cylinder or pump
barrel to the alternate action of steam, and of the water being pumped. Thus
for a stroke of twelve inches I would make the total length of the single or
double piston at least fifteen inches, and, by preference, twenty inches. That
part of the vessel which serves as the pump barrel may be of the same
diameter as, or of less or greater diameter than the part which serves as the
steam cylinder, according to the pressure of steam to be used, and according
to the height to which the water is to be pumped. When steam is admitted
to the steam end of the vessel the piston is pressed against the water in the
opposite or water end and the piston will make a stroke. Before the stroke
is quite completed I cause the piston to open a valve either directly or
through suitable mechanism, and by this 'valve the steam in the cylinder is
discharged into a condenser, so as to leave a vacuum in the cylinder. The
pressure of the atmosphere upon the water in the pond, stream, reservoir,
or other place from which the water is being pumped will then be exerted so as
to open the lower valve of the pump, and thus cause a pressure upon the water
face of the piston, so as to force the piston in a direction opposite to that in
which it had been previously impelled by the steam. By re-admitting steam
and condensing in the manner herein-before described any number of strokes
may be made in succession. In cases where the steam-pumping engine is
employed in near contiguity to an ordinary condensing steam engine the
exhaust steam from the steam pumping engine may be turned into the con-
denser of the other engine, but where such an opportunity does not occur, I
employ in connection with the steam pumping engine a condenser of a kind
described in Doctor Ernest Alban's Treatise on the High-pressure Engine.
The exhaust steam pipe has a flap valve on its outer end, which end is kept
constantly immersed in water. One or more small holes are also made
in the exhaust steam pipe for the admission of injection water. At every
discharge of exhaust steam the exhaust steam pipe is blown through,.and the
flap valve is opened by the pressure of the steam; but as soon as this pressure
falls to that of the atmosphere the flap valve closes, and the injection water
coming in through the openings in the pipe condenses the steam and forms
a vacuum. The valves of the steam pumping engine, that is to say, those
regulating the flow of the steam are, by preference, of the kind known as
piston valves,; and are moved by the direct pressure of steam upon them, the
steam for this purpose being controlled by a supplementary piston valve

page_text: worked by the main piston or pistons in the steam and water. cylinder. Two
of the pumping engines herein described may be made. to work alternately
so as to throw a continuous stream.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Zerah Colburn in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
27th January 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ZERAH
COLBURN, late of Number 15, Tavistock Street, Bedford Square, in the County
of Middlesex, but now of Number 3, Upper Bedford Place, Russell Square,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Engineer, send greeting.
"
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year-of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Zerah Colburn, Her special licence that I, the said Zerab
Colburn, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Zerah Colburn, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM PUMPING ENGINES," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said Zerah Colburn, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed;
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
⚫ NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Zerah Colburn, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
I construct single-acting steam pumping engines in the following manner:
I construct the steam cylinder and pump barrel so that they shall form but
a single vessel closed at both ends. Within this vessel I place either a single

page_text: long piston or two pistons cast, forged, or otherwise firmly joined together,
and I make the distance between the two outer faces of the long piston or of
the double piston, as the case may be, sufficiently great in proportion to the
stroke to prevent the exposure of any single point in the cylinder or pump
barrel to the alternate action of steam and of the water being pumped. Thus
for a stroke of twelve inches I would make the total length of the single or
double piston at least fifteen inches, and, by preference, twenty inches. That
part of the vessel which serves as the pump barrel may be of the same
diameter as or of less or greater diameter than the part which serves as the
steam cylinder, according to the pressure of steam to be used, and according
to the height to which the water is to be pumped. When steam is admitted
to the steam end of the vessel the piston is pressed against the water in the
opposite or water end, and the piston will make a stroke. Before the stroke
is quite completed I cause the piston to open a valve either directly or
through suitable mechanism, and by this valve the steam in the cylinder is
discharged into a condenser, so as to leave a vacuum in the cylinder. The
pressure of the atmosphere upon the water in the pond, stream, reservoir, or
other place from which the water is being pumped will then be exerted, so
as to open the lower valve of the pump, and thus cause a pressure upon the
water face of the piston so as to force the piston in a direction opposite to
that in which it had been previously impelled by the steam. By re-admitting
steam and condensing, in the manner herein-before described, any number of
strokes may be made in succession. In cases where the steam pumping engine is
employed in near contiguity to an ordinary condensing steam engine the exhaust
steam from the steam pumping engine may be turned into the condenser of the
other engine; but where such an opportunity does not occur I employ in
connection with the steam pumping engine a condenser of a kind described
in Doctor Ernest Alban's Treatise on the High-pressure Engine. The exhaust
steam pipe has a flap valve on its outer end, which end is kept constantly
immersed in water. One or more small holes are also made in the exhaust
steam pipe for the admission of injection water. At every discharge of
exhaust steam the exhaust steam pipe is blown through, and the flap valve
is opened by the pressure of the steam; but as soon as this pressure falls to
that of the atmosphere the flap valve closes, and the injection water coming
in through the openings in the pipe condeuses the steam and forms a vacuum.
The valves of the steam pumping engine, that is to say, those regulating the
flow of the steam are, 'by preference, of the kind known as piston valves, and
are moved by the direct pressure of steam upon them; the steam for this
purpose being controlled by a supplementary piston valve worked by the main

page_text: piston or pistons in the steam and water, cylinder. Two of the pumping
engines herein described may be made. to work alternately, so as to throw a
continuous stream.
The obvious effect of my improvements, as made apparent by the fore-
going description of the nature of my Invention, and which description was
originally given verbatim, or nearly so, in my Provisional Specification, is to
greatly simplify the construction of steam pumping engines, by dispensing
with the parts required for or with rotary motion, and dispensing also with
counterweights, stuffing boxes, and the more complex combinations of valve
gear. It is, indeed, practicable, upon my Invention, to construct a complete
and useful steam-pumping engine, which, when ready for fixing and for. the
attachment of the steam and water pipes, shall have but five pieces of metal
of any kind, and of which five pieces but two shall have motion. Such a
pump is shown in section in Figure 18, Sheet 3 of the accompanying Draw-
ings, and will be presently described.
Compactness is also secured by my Invention to an extent not before
attained, and there is the utmost certainty of action. The pump will work
in any position to which the steam valves and water valves may have been
made to conform, whereas Cornish engines, or those in which a weight is
attached directly to the pump pole, can only act vertically. My steam pumping
engine will work, moreover, without special adjustment to the "lift" at any
lift of water for which a corresponding pressure of steam is first.provided.
And in order to explain my said Invention as completely as possible, I now
proceed to describe the best means with which I am acquainted for carrying
the same into practical effect, reference being had to the illustrative Sheets of.
Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the reference letters marked thereon, as
follows:-
The several Drawings on Sheet 1 represent one form of my improved
single-acting steam pumping engine. In this Sheet of Drawings, Figure 1 -
is a longitudinal elevation; Figure 2, a longitudinal section, showing the
steam piston and plunger at the commencement of the steam stroke, or forcing
stroke, and the steam valve in position for admitting steam for such stroke;,.
Figure 3 is a like longitudinal section, differing from Figure 2 only in showing
the steam piston and plunger near the end of the steam stroke, or forcing
stroke, and the steam valve in position for permitting the steam to be
exhausted from the cylinder, and condensed; Figure 4 is a cross section
taken through the steam cylinder in the vertical plane of the inlet steam pipe
and exhaust steam belt; and Figure 5 is a separate elevation of the steam.
valve. Like letters refer to like parts on all the Drawings on Sheet 1.

page_text: A, A, A', A¹, represent a vessel, of which the portion A, A, forms a steam
cylinder and the portion A', A', forms a water barrel or pump barrel. The
portion of this vessel answering the purpose of the steam cylinder being in
this case of larger diameter than that serving as the pump barrel, the end of
the steam cylinder is left open in casting, and a cover B is fastened by bolts
or otherwise, so as to tightly close the end of the cylinder. A double-ended
piston C, C, one end C of which is intended to receive the pressure of the
steam in A, A, and the other end C, of which is intended to work against the
water in A, A, is fitted by means of suitable packing, of any well-known
kind, so as to be steam and water-tight, into the vessel A, A, A', A¹. Steam
for forcing the piston C, C³, is admitted in the first instance through the
pipe D, and thence passes into so much of the interior space of the hollow
cylindrical valve chamber E as is included between the pistons or bosses
F, F; of the piston valve F, F, F, F. In Figure 2, it will be seen that
the part of the piston valve between the bosses F1 and F forms a commu-
nication between the steam pipe D and the port G, leading to the steam
end of the vessel A, A, A¹, A¹, and in this position of the piston valve
F, F, F, F³, steam will be admitted upon the steam end C of the double-
ended piston C, C¹, which will thus be propelled towards the right hand, and
thus make a steam stroke or forcing stroke. At the right-hand end of
Figures 2 and 3 respectively are shown the pump valves H and I, and which
do not or need not differ in principle from those in general use in force
pumps. The water rises through the pipe J, and through the lower valve or
suction valve H, and is afterwards forced through the valve I and pipe K to
any point to which the pump is made to force.
The water valves E and I are more clearly shewn by Figures 30 and 81,
Sheet 4, where it will be more plainly seen that the water passes. upward
through hollow cylindrical guides formed on the lower sides of the valves, the
water escaping, as the valves lift, through apertures cut out of the hollow
cylindrical guides, and just below the seats of the valves. It will be seen
that the upper valve I is made so much larger than the lower valve H, that
when the pipe K is removed and the valve I taken away, the valve H may
be lifted out through the seating of the valve I. It will also be seen that the
stop to prevent the lower valve H lifting too high is formed as a stalk on the
valve I.
With this description of the water valves, I will return to the double-
ended piston C, C. When this has been forced by the steam to a sufficient
distance, the steam end C will uncover an opening or port L, through which
steam will then pass from A, A, to press upon the annular face F³ of the

page_text: piston valve F, F, F³, F³. By the pressure of the steam thus exerted, this
piston valve will be moved into the position shown in Figure 8. In this
position the valve F, F, F, F, will have shut off the steam from the pipe D
to the port G, and placed that port in communication with the exhaust
port M, of which, indeed, there are two, one of which opens from each side
of the valve chamber E, extending thence half around the vessel A, A, as
shown in Figure 4, and meeting at E¹ at the lower part of A, A. The steam
previously admitted to the cylinder will now be exhausted through M, M, and
by E¹ into the pipe N. This pipe, although for convenience of drawing it,
has not been shown to have a length which would give it a capacity about
equal to the steam end A, A, of the vessel A, A, A1, A¹, should, nevertheless,
have a capacity about equal to so much of that vessel as serves the purpose
of a steam cylinder. The lower end of the pipe N should be under water,
the surface of the water being represented by green-coloured shading on
the Drawing, and the lower end of the pipe N should be furthermore fitted
with a hinged or flap valve O, or other freely-moving valve 'permitting
the ready escape of the exhaust steam into the water. One or more
holes n, n, are also made in the pipe N at some little distance under
the surface of the water, in which its lower end is immersed. Now, when
the steam, after doing its work, escapes from the steam end or steam' cylinder
of-the vessel A, A, A1, A¹, it, the steam, will follow the passages M, M,
and enter the pipe N. As the pressure of the steam will at first be con-
siderably greater than that of the atmosphere and of the water acting to
close the hinged valve O, that valve will be blown open, the pipe N-will
be blown through, so as to clear it of any air it may contain, and the
greater part of the steam will then be condensed in the water into which it is
discharged. At the moment, however, when the pressure of the steam in 'the
pipe N has fallen to the pressure of the atmosphere, the valve O' will be free
to close, and as it does so a small quantity of water will enter by the
openings n, n, and thus condense the steam, of a pressure equal to the
atmospheric pressure, then remaining in the pipe N. A nearly 'perfect
vacuum will thus be produced in the pipe N, passages M, M, port G, and in
the steam end of the vessel A, A, A¹, A¹. The piston C, C¹; having now a
vacuum on its steam side, will recede into the vacuous space by virtue of the
pressure of the atmosphere, acting in one or both of the following manners:-
The pressure of the atmosphere acting on the surface of the water from which
the engine is pumping will force up the valve H, as shown in Figure 3, and
thus fill the water end or pump barrel of the vessel A, A, A, A, forcing back
the piston or pistons C, C, at the same time; or inasmuch as in the case of
.

page_text: the particular pumping engine shown, the steam end C of the double-ended
piston C, C, has a larger area than C³, and as the air has always free access
through the opening p to the space between the piston ends C, C¹, the air
acting upon the excess of area which C has as compared with C³, may force
the pistons back before the water has time to enter sufficiently to transmit the
atmospheric pressure to the surface of C¹. In either case the return stroke of
the double-ended piston C, C', will have been effected by atmospheric pressure
only. The steam previously admitted upon the annular face of the boss F³
of the piston valve F, F¹, F, F³, will have already escaped through the
channel v, and therefore when the double-ended piston C, C³, has returned
sufficiently far to strike the arm or cotter f projecting from the piston valve,
the latter will be moved thereby into its original position, as shown in Figure 2,
and in which position another steam stroke will commence. It is to be
understood that the arm or cotter f is to be so fitted as to allow of no escape
of steam.
Sheet 2 illustrates a steam pumping engine made also according to my
Invention, and in which a constant vacuum is maintained within a vessel, or,
more strictly, a space in communication with the interior of the double-ended
piston, and in such manner that it is not necessary to condense the steam
used at each stroke. An unbalanced atmospheric pressure sufficient to effect
the return stroke or suction stroke of the double-ended piston is thus always
acting upon its water end, and the steam admitted upon the steam face of the
double-ended piston is opposed by this unbalanced atmospheric pressure, and
the total steam pressure must therefore be sufficient not only to force the
water from the pump, but also to overcome this atmospheric pressure. The
modification of the steam pumping engine now to be described includes also a
steam-moved piston valve for regulating the admission of steam to and its
exhaust from the steam end or steam cylinder of the engine. This valve is
on a new principle, and will be herein-after described.
Figure 6, Sheet 2, is a longitudinal elevation of the pumping engine;
Figure 7 is a longitudinal section on a vertical plane, and showing the double-
ended piston at the commencement of its steam stroke or forcing stroke;
Figure 8 is a partial horizontal section, showing the exterior of the double-
ended piston Figure 9 is a transverse vertical section through the pump
valves or water valves; Figure 10 is a transverse section through the steam
cylinder on the red line 3* -- .4, and supposes the eye to be looking
towards the cover B; Figure 11 is a transverse section of the steam cylinder
on the red line 1* .—.—.2*; Figure 12 is an end view of the steam end of
the pumping engine; Figure 18 is a partial longitudinal section taken on the

page_text: same plane as Figure 7, but showing the exterior of the steam-moved piston
valve; and Figure 14 is a transverse section of the chamber, in which the
aforesaid steam-moved piston valve works. In all the Drawings from Figure 6
to Figure 14, inclusive, like letters refer to like parts.
A, A, A¹, A¹, is a vessel, of which the portion A, A, serves as a steam
cylinder, and the portion A¹, A¹, as a pump barrel; C, C¹, is a double-ended
hollow piston, of which an annular surface at the outer end of C serves as the
steam face of a steam piston, the end C' serving as the plunger of the pump;
B is the cover of the steam cylinder, and upon the inner face of B is cast a
cylindrical pipe B', which is turned outside to closely fit the interior of the
hollow piston C, C, the piston being truly bored out to receive B'. The hollow
double-ended piston C, C, slides, at each stroke, and air-tight and steam-
tight, upon
the pipe B¹; and within B' a nearly perfect vacuum is constantly
maintained by the following means:-A pipe h communicates with the interior
of B, and in the pipe h is a three-way cock x, shown in Figure 7, this cock
being regulated by hand in the ordinary manner of steam cocks. The cock a
communicates alternately with a small steam pipe h¹ and a small water pipe h*.
Before starting the steam pumping engine the cock is so turned as to admit
steam within the pipe h, pipe B', and to the interior of the hollow piston C, C¹.
At the same time is opened a small air cock or pet cock, not shown in the
Drawing, but having its tube or shank screwed through the cover B, so as to
communicate with the interior of B¹ and the hollow double-ended piston C, C¹.
The interior of B and of C, C¹, are thus "blown through" with steam, after
which the air cock or pet cock above-mentioned is shut, and the cock a is so
turned as not only to shut off any further admission of steam, but also to
admit to B¹ a small quantity of cold water from the pipe h³. This water
condenses the steam within B and C, C, and thus forms therein a nearly
perfect vacuum. This vacuum is maintained by means to be herein-after
described, and I shall only further observe with respect to it at present, that
upon the maintenance of this vacuum depends the return of the piston C, C¹,
after each steam stroke or forcing stroke.
I shall now describe the means by which the steam stroke or forcing stroke
of the piston C, C³, is effected, as well as those by which the steam employed
to drive the pumping engine is afterwards exhausted at each stroke. In
Figures 6, 7, and 18, D represents the steam pipe admitting steam through a
port d into the valve chamber E. The cylindrical piston-valve F, F, F, F, F,
fits the interior of this chamber, and in the position in which this valve is;
shown steam will enter the cylinder A through the port d'. A small channel,
represented by the following character is cut from the port d along the

page_text: interior surface of the bored chamber E, as shown in Figures 7 and 13.
Through this channel steam is admitted to the space between the bosses or
pistons F, F, of the piston valve, and steam is always present in this space
when the pumping engine is working. Through a small hole e steam thus
finds its way into the space e, within which, while the engine is working,
steam is always present, and by acting on the interior of the piston valve and
on the end of the fixed cylindrical plug G, the steam always tends to keep
the valve in the position shown, and in which position steam is admitted to
the cylinder A. The steam entering the cylinder A forces the double-ended
piston C, C¹, along the cylinder and pump barrel until the annular steam face
of the end C of the double-ended piston C, C¹, uncovers the small port i.
This movement of the pistons C, C¹, is the steam stroke or forcing stroke, and
it is to be understood that the water valves H, I, inlet pipe J, and outlet
pipe K, are essentially like those herein-before described in connexion with
the Drawings on Sheet 1. When the steam face of the end C of the double-
ended piston C, C³, has uncovered the port i, so that the port i may receive
steam from the steam end or steam cylinder A, the steam thus received will
follow the port i into the space between the bosses or pistons F and F of the
piston valve. These bosses or pistons are of larger diameter than the bosses
F, F, and F of the same valve, the chamber E being correspondingly bored
to receive them. The steam admitted, as described, to between F and F, is
allowed to pass through the boss or piston F3 by means of three or four small
holes or ports, one of which, through F³, is shown in section, Figure 7.
Through these holes the steam readily finds its way, and thus reaches the
annular space, which, in the Drawings, is represented on the left-hand side of
the boss F. The annular surface on the left-hand side of the boss F should
have about twice the area of the end of the cylindrical plug G³, and thus when
steam is admitted through the port i the piston valve will be moved to the
right hand, notwithstanding the constant pressure acting in the space e' to
keep the valve pressed to the left hand. This movement of the piston valve
will cut off the communication between the ports & and d', and will thus shut
off the steam from the cylinder A, and the same movement of the piston valve
will place the port d'in communication with the exhaust port n and exhaust
pipe N, and thus the steam which has done its work upon the double-ended
piston C, C', will be allowed to escape into the atmosphere, for in the
modification now being described no condensing apparatus is required. But
while the steam is escaping from A through d¹ and n, and the pipe N, it is
necessary to prevent the steam then acting to press the piston valve towards G
from taking part in this exhaustion. Otherwise the piston valve would, by

page_text: the pressure of the steam acting within the space e, be instantly thrown to
the left-hand, and the engine would stop working. The distance between the
right-hand edge of the port i (where it enters the interior of the chamber E)
and the right-hand edge of the boss F³ is therefore so adjusted in respect of
the position of the other bosses or pistons of the piston valve and the ports d'
and n, that the boss or piston F³ shall just close the lower end of the port i
exactly when the left-hand edge of F has arrived at the left-hand edge of the
exhaust port n.
The piston valve will then have been moved through more
than one half of its throw or movement, and its throw will then be completed
by the expansion of the steam already admitted through the port i, to act
upon the annular face of the boss F³. As the piston valve moves towards the
right hand it cushions against the air in the annular space shown to the right
of F, a small air bole being made there through the side of the chamber E,
as shown. The terms right hand and left hand in this description refer only
to the particular Drawings given on Sheet 2, and are only relative, för if the
same pumping engine were viewed from the opposite side; these terms would
require to be interchanged. The steam being exhausted from A, the double-
ended hollow piston C, C¹, will be returned by virtue of the vacuum within
its interior, and in the pipe B', the pressure of the atmosphere being-at the
same time exerted through the water from which the pump is drawing its
supply, this atmospheric pressure forcing open the lower valve H, and
pressing back the double-ended piston C, C', to the position shown in the
Drawings; before it reaches this position, however, it is necessary to move
the valve F, F, F, F, F. As thus far described, the lower end of the port i
would, when the piston valve was in position for exhausting the cylinder. A
be covered by the boss Fs. In order to discharge the steam by the pressure
of which the piston valve was held in this position, it is necessary to have
another small port i¹, communicating, as shown by the dotted lines, between
the interior of the cylinder A and the enlarged part of the valve chamber E.
The upper end of the port i¹ is to be sufficiently far to the right hand, as
shown, to prevent its being uncovered to the steam in the cylinder A. Its
lower end must enter the chamber E at about the point shown; or where,
when the lower end of the port iis covered by the boss F, the lower end of
the port will be open to the steam which may then be present in the
enlarged part of the chamber E. Thus, when the piston has returned suf-
ficiently far to the left band to uncover the upper end of the port i; as shown,
the steam acting to press the piston valve to the right hand will be exhausted
into the large annular-space to the right of C, this space being in free com-
munication with the air by means of an air-hole, shown in the section. The

page_text: piston valve will then instantly return to the left hand, or to the position
shown, thus placing the port d¹ in communication with d and steam pipe D
ready for another steam stroke. It is to be remarked that at the time when the
port i is admitting steam to move the piston valve to the right hand, the upper
end of the port is closely covered by the piston C.
The left hand end of the piston valve cushions itself in the left-hand end
of the chamber E, and advantage is taken of the movement of the piston
valve, by bringing a narrow port from B¹ through the ground joint, whereby
the cover B is fitted on, and thence into the chamber, E, as shown in Figures 7
and 18. The end of the piston valve thus forms the ram of an air pump to
clear the space within the hollow double-ended pistons C, C', and the pipe B
from whatever air may leak in. An india-rubber or other elastic ring f
stretched around a groove on the outside of the, chamber E, and so as to
tightly cover one or more small delivery holes, serves as the delivery valve of
this air pump.
Sheet 3 represents among other things, three modifications of my steam
pumping engine. Figure 15 represents a vertical section of one modification,
with the double-ended piston at the commencement of the steam stroke or
forcing stroke; Figure 16 is a partial vertical section of the same, with the
double-ended piston at the commencement of its return stroke or suction stroke;
and Figure 17 is a horizontal section through the pump barrel, and steam
valve and water valve chambers. The principal peculiarity of this modifica-
tion as compared with those already described is in the use of a condensing
chamber around the pump barrel, and in prolonging one end of the steam
valve described in connection with the Drawings on Sheet 2, to serve as the
ram or piston of an air pump for keeping this condensing chamber clear of
water and air. In the Figures 15, 16, and 17, A, A', is the vessel, of which
A serves as the steam cylinder, and A' as the pump barrel; B is the cylinder
cover; C, C¹, the double-ended piston; D, the .steam pipe; and F, F, the
piston valve. The construction and action of the latter are identical with
those of the piston valve described in connection with the Drawings on
Sheet 2, with the exception only that the end of the valve sliding upon G¹
forms the ram or piston of the air pump for maintaining the vacuum whereby
the return stroke of the piston is effected. The exhaust port shown by red
dotted lines at n, n, is carried into an annular condenser N, N, surrounding
the pump barrel. If the exhaust steam be not wholly condensed in this con-
denser by the coldness of the pump barrel, then must a sufficient quantity
of injection water be admitted through any convenient opening. No such
opening is shown on the Drawings, but it is obvious that with a small water

page_text: pipe and regulating cock, any required. quantity of water may be admitted to
within the condenser N, N, and there condense the exhaust steam. When
the piston valve is in the position shown in Figure 15, its lower ‘end will have
uncovered a port as shown, this port leading from the chamber of the piston
valve into the condenser N. The annular space below the lower end of the
piston valve will then receive a portion of the water and attenuated air. col-:
lected in N, and when the piston valve next assumes the position. shown in.
Figure 16,, the air and water collected below the lower end of the piston.
valve will be forced out through one or more openings covered by an india-
rubber or other elastic ring f, and which ring serves as a delivery valve." .Any
other simple delivery valve may be employed, but I prefer that shown as being
the simplest of any with which I am acquainted. The water valves H, I,
inlet. pipes J, and outlet pipe K, are the same in Figure 15, Sheet 3, as in
the Drawings on Sheet 2..
L
Figure 18, Sheet 8, is a vertical section of another modification of my.
steam pumping engine, in which for small sizes of engines but five pieces of
metal are employed. The principle is almost identical with that illustrated in
Figures 15, 16, and 17, Sheet 8, except that the water valves. are piston valves
formed on a prolongation of the steam valve, and necessarily moving with
them. The steam cylinder and piston-valve chamber are closed where the
ends, are left open in the casting, by covers which are screwed in instead of
being flanged and secured by bolts and nuts. The movement of the piston
valve with relation to the movement of the piston C, C, is in Figure 18
opposite to the direction which would ensue from the arrangement shown in.
Figures 15 and 16. The various ports and passages are shown partly by full
lines, and partly by dotted lines, the exhaust port leading into the condenser N
being shown by red dotted lines. The several ports must of course, be kept
distinct from, or clear of each other throughout their several courses. I believe
that from the description of Figures 6 to 14, Sheet 2, and of Figures 15 and
16, Sheet,3, the construction and action of the pumping engine shown in
Figure 18, 'Sheet 8; will be readily comprehended without further description,
the principal parts being lettered to correspond with those of Figures 15 and
16, Sheet 8. It is to be observed that in pumping engines of the construction.
shown in Figures 15 and 18, Sheet 3, and where, as thereon'shown, the steam
end C of the double-ended piston C, C, is larger. than the water end C, air.
may.
7. be freely admitted to between C and C¹, through the air. holes shown
through the sides of the vessel.A, A¹. Thus after a vacuum has been formed
on the steam side of C, the double-ended piston C, C, will make its return
stroke or suction stroke, not only in consequence of the pressure of the air

page_text: acting through the water being pumped from and upon the water end C of
the piston, but also by the air acting directly. upon whatever excess of area
the end C of the double-ended piston C, C, may have as compared with the
end C¹.
Figure 19, Sheet 8, represents a vertical section of another modification of
my steam pumping engine, in which a constant pressure of steam is employed
upon a small annular surface on the back of the steam piston, to assist in
making the return stroke or suction stroke, the pump being in this case sup-
posed to work upon a suction lift of from 20 feet to 28 feet. The steam
worked in the engine shown in Figure 19, is to be condensed, not around the
pump barrel, but in the condenser of any common condensing steam engine
working in the immediate neighbourhood of the steam pumping engine. In
the engine shown in Figure 19 also, the water piston is for the first time
shown of larger area than the steam piston, although in this respect the water
piston of either of the other pumping engines shown might be larger than the
steam piston with which the water piston is connected. In Figure 19, Sheet 3
also, the water valves are of different construction from those represented in
the other Figures. The suction or inlet valve works within the forcing or
outlet valve.
In Figure 19, Sheet 3, A, A', is the vessel, of which A serves as the steam
cylinder, and A' as the pump barrel; B is the cylinder cover; C is a hollow
steam piston fitting the cylinder without packing, and connected by a short rod
to the water piston or plunger C³, working in A'; D is the inlet steam pipe;
N is the exhaust 'pipe leading to the condenser of any common condensing
steam engine working in the immediate neighbourhood, or, in some cases, the
exhaust steam may be discharged directly into the atmosphere. The vessel
A, A¹, is bored to three different diameters, as shown, the upper part being
bored enough larger than the middle part to give a small annular area on the
back or under side of the piston C, on which annular area the steam, when
the pumping engine is at work, is always present in a, a, and therefore always
tending to press the piston upward or in the direction of the suction stroke.
Steam is admitted to a, a, by a narrow port u, v, communicating uninter-
ruptedly with the steam pipe D. A trunk or prolongation of the piston C
must fit steam-tight to that part of the vessel A, A', which is bored to the
smallest diameter, as shown. F, F¹, is the piston valve. This valve has a
constant pressure of steam always acting upon it when the engine is working,
and tending to keep it in the position shown, so as to admit steam to the top
of the piston C. The means whereby this constant pressure of stean is main-
tained in the space e¹ are precisely the same as described in connection with

page_text: the piston valve shown in Figures 7 and 18, Sheet 2. The lower end. F':of
the piston valve is enlarged as shewn, but the enlarged part is not divided into.
bosses with an intervening space and steam passages; as described in connec-:
tion with the piston valve shown on Sheet 2. In the position shown, the
piston valve F, F, will admit steam to the top of the piston C, which, with
the water plunger C', will thus be pushed downward until the edge or corner,
a of the trunk of the piston C has uncovered the port i. Steam will then
enter from a to press upon the annular surface on the top of the enlarged
boss F of the piston valve F, F, and as this annular surface has about twice.
the area of the upper end of the stationary plug G³, the piston valve will be
forced downwards, shutting off the steam in. the pipe D from the cylinder A;
and placing the steam space in A in communication with the exhaust port N.
At this stage the piston C, whether the pipe N lead to a condenser or no, will
be forced upward in part or wholly by the steam always acting in a, a.y The
upward motion of the piston C will continue until the lower edge of the trunk
has uncovered the port i, as shewn. At this stage the steam, whereby the
piston valve F, F, was held down, will escape into the body of the vessel A, A',.
and the piston valve will; then be instantly carried upward by the pressure of
steam constantly acting within the space e'. Another steam stroke or forcing
stroke will then be made as already described. The piston valve. cushions
itself in air in the small chambers shown at each end of the valve, small air.
holes being made into these chambers, as shown. The employment of a con-
stant pressure of steam on an annular surface on the back of a steam piston is
not original with me, although the employment of a constant pressure of steam.
on the smaller area of a piston valve, having differential areas for pressure, is.
part of my Inventiou, and the peculiar application of my differential piston.
valve to engines, in the cylinders of which the steam acts, as in Figure.19,
Sheet 8, is of my own Invention.
The water valves H, I, Figure 19, Sheet 3, are so made that the inlet valve.
H works within the outlet valve I. The inlet valve H is, with a single excep-
tion, precisely like that shown in Figure 30 and 31, Sheet 4, and also in most
of the other Drawings attached to this Specification. The exception is, that a
ring, forming a stop to prevent the valve lifting too high, is pinned or otherwise
fastened to it at its lower part. This ring or. stop is shown in section in
Figure 19. The outlet valve I falls in opening, and rises in closing; it con-
sists of a short cylindrical pipe, which but for the inlet valve H, is open at both
ends, and this pipe has a flange around its upper end, as shown in section..
The bearing or seating surface of the valve I is formed upon the upper surface
of this flange, and the seat against which it presses when closed is formed in.

page_text: the bottom of the pump barrel, as shown in Figure 19, although the seat.of
the valve I may be similarly formed in any chamber in communication with
barrel. Both valves rise and fall together, the one valve closing as
the other opens, and vice versa.
the
pump
Figure 20, Sheet 3, shows a modification of the differential steam piston
valve applicable to double-acting steam engines, in which no rotary motion is
required. A, represents a portion of the steam cylinder, within which the
piston C is to be driven by the steam admitted, and exhausted by the piston
valve E; D is the steam pipe. The piston valve E has five pistons or
cylindrical bosses é, e¹, e, e³, and e³, and a cylindrical ring e, which ring is cast
upon or otherwise permanently secured to the boss The two bosses or
pistons and may, without affecting the principle, be removed, and the
central portion or spine of the valve E may then be attached to an ordinary
slide valve working over steam ports, and an exhaust port in a flat valve seat,
instead of within the circularly-bored space which the bosses e¹ and e³ require.
The bosses or pistons e and e³ are of smaller diameter than the others, the
difference of diameter being such that the steam constantly present between
e and e' shall throw the valve to the right hand or into the position shown.
The bosses is hollow, and is bored out to a diameter still smaller than that of
the boss e. A plug G¹ cast upon the end cover G of the valve chamber, is
turned to fit steam-tight within &, and the annular area of the right-hand face
of e³ is such that, when steam is admitted upon it the valve will be thrown to
the left, notwithstanding the pressure constantly acting in the opposite direc-
tion, on the difference between the area of e and that of e². In the position
shown steam will enter upon the left-hand side of the piston C, which,
therefore, will be driven towards the opposite end of the cylinder. When the
piston C passes over the lower end of c. c, which is a small port distinct
from a, a, and shown by dotted lines, the port c, c, will fill with steam, but as
the upper end of this port is at the same time covered by ³, no motion of the
piston valve will be thereby produced. When, however, the piston C has
reached the right-hand side of the port c', c', steam will enter from the
cylinder to the annular face of e³, and as the area of this face is about twice
as great as the difference of area between e and e', the valve E will be forced
to the left hand, shutting off the steam from the port a, and placing it in
communication with the exhaust port a², while also steam will be admitted to
the port a¹. Before opening the port a to the exhaust port a², it is important,
however, to bottle up the steam pressing on the annular face of ³, else that
steam would escape in the general exhaustion from the cylinder A, and the
valve E would fly back prematurely to the right hand. The position of the

page_text: ring e* is so adjusted, therefore, with reference to the position of the various
ports and to that of the boss e, that just at the instant when the-right-hand
edge of the boss e¹ is about to uncover the port a to the exhaust port a³, the.
left-hand edge of the ring e' has just closed the upper end of the port c¹. The
remaining portion of the motion of the valve E must, therefore, be caused by.
the expansion of the steam already present between the boss and the valve
chamber cover G. This motion will fully open the port a to the exhaust
port a², and also admit steam to a', and by the same motion the boss or
piston e will close the escape port or port or waste port m, and the boss e³ will.
be moved from over the port c, so as to uncover its upper end. As the piston C
returns again towards the left hand of the cylinder A, it will first pass the
lower end of the port, but as the upper end of this port will then be covered
by the ring, the port will simply fill with steam without producing any
effect on the valve E. When, however, the piston C, in its motion towards
the left-hand end of the cylinder A, passes the port c, the upper end of that
port being then uncovered, steam will enter freely from the cylinder A to the
space between the bosses or pistons e and e, and the steam will pass through
the holes i, i, into the space on the left hand of the boss e. At this stage the
valve E will be subjected to a pressure acting to throw it to the right hand,
and which pressure will be due to the whole area of the left-hand face of the
boss e, as well as to the excess of insea which e¹ has as compared with e. As.
the pressure acting in the opposite or left-hand direction is that only upon the
annular face of e, the valve E will be moved to the right hand. Almost as.
soon as this movement commences the upper end of the port c will be covered
by the boss or piston e, and the pressure acting on the left-hand side of e will
then be that due to the expansion of the steam previously admitted through
the port c.
As the movement of the valve E. continues towards the right.
hand, the steam port a will be shut off from the exhaust port a³, and again
opened to the steam entering through d; the steam port a¹ will be placed in
communication with the exhaust, the ring will be moved from over the
upper end of the port c, and the steam acting on the annular face of the boss
will be exhausted also; and when the valve E has nearly reached the limit-of
its right-hand motion, the steam pressing on the left-hand side of the boss e
will escape through the waste port m, and so into the atmosphere. The
operations already described will then be repeated successively for any number>
of double strokes which the piston C may be required to make. The terms:
right hand and left hand employed in this description apply only to Figure 20; .
Sheet 3. They are only relativè, for if the valve E were viewed from tho

page_text: opposite side the terms right hand and left hand, as employed in my description,
would require to be interchanged.. The steam-moved piston valve E may be
modified in form as long as there is no departure from its essential principle
of maintaining a constant pressure upon a given area, and admitting an inter-
mittent or periodical pressure to act in the opposite direction upon a larger
The means also whereby the steam employed to move the valve in one
or both directions is bottled up, as I term it, at certain parts of the movement,
and thus, while prevented from escaping with the exhaust steam at the same
moment leaving the cylinder, made to work expansively, are essential and con-
stitute a most important feature of the Invention.
area.
Figure 21, Sheet 4, represents another modification of my steam pumping
engine in which a portion of the steam end or steam cylinder, where that is
larger in diameter than the water end or pump barrel, is made to serve as the
barrel of an air pump. A distinct condensing vessel, not surrounding the
pump barrel, is also employed. Figure 22 is a partial section showing some
of the same parts as Figure 21, but with the steam valve in elevation.
Figures 23 and 24 are transverse sections of the steam valve, Figure 23 being
taken on the line 1-2, on Figure 22, while Figure 24 is taken on the line
3-4 of Figure 22. Figure 25 is a horizontal section, taken on the red line
1.2 of Figure 21. A represents the steam cylinder of the pumping engine,
and A¹ represents the pump barrel, D is the steam pipe. The piston valve F is
precisely like that already described in connection with Figures 7 and 13,
Sheet 2, except that in Figure 24 neither end of the valve is employed as the
ram or piston of an air pump. n is the exhaust port, leading into the con-
denser N. The opening for the admisson of injection water to this condenser
is not shewn, but such an opening is to be provided and the proper quantity of
injection water is to be admitted when the engine is about to be started as well
while the engine is working. The annular, space M, M, of the cylinder A
serves as the air pump, the lower annular face of the steam piston C; acting
as the face of a ram, piston, or plunger to the air pump. m is a port admitting the
contents of the condenser N to the air pump. When the lower annular face
of the piston C passes below the lower edge of the port m, the attenuated air
in the annular space or air pump M is compressed and finally forced out, with
the injection water and water of condensation through an opening or openings
covered by the elastic delivery valve f, f, which may be a round ring of india-
rubber. Figure 26 is a section of another of my pumping engines, in which
the pump barrel A' is larger than the steam cylinder A. The condenser N
is formed around the pump barrel, and the air pump is formed within the

page_text: pump barrel A¹, the upper annular face of the water piston C¹ serving as the
face of a ram or plunger for the air pump. Figure 27, Sheet 4, represents
some of the parts shown in Figure 26, but with the piston valve in elevation, the
piston valve being the same as in Figure 21. Figure-28 is a horizontal section
of Figure 26, taken on the red line 1 -.-.2, and Figure 29 is a section on the
red line 3.-.-.4 of Figure 26. Figures 30 and 81, are respectively elevations
and sections of the water valves which I prefer,, and which I have shown in
nearly all the pumping engines represented by the Drawings attached to this
Specification.
Figure 32, Sheet 5, represents another modification of my steam pumping™
engine, in which that part of the vessel-A, A', between the steam piston. C
and water piston C³ is employed as the condenser. D is the steam pipe, and d.
is the steam port admitting steam to the cylinder. F is the piston valve for
regulating the admission of steam to and its exhaustion from the cylinder A.
A constant pressure of steam is maintained on the annular or lower face of the
boss f, whereby, on setting the engine at work, the valve assumes the position
shown in Figure 32. At the end of every steam stroke or forcing stroke of the
double-ended piston C, C¹, steam is admitted to the annular upper face of the
boss f, and as this annular face has about twice the area of that of the boss f¹
the valve is thus reversed, the construction and arrangement of parts for this
purpose being identical with those of the piston valve described in connection
with Figures 7 and 18, Sheet 2. n is the exhaust port leading into that
part of the vessel A, A¹, which serves as the condenser.. The water piston C¹
is bored out as shown, and the part bored is made- to work air-tight up and
'down over or upon the stationary plug G. By this construction the piston C¹
and plug G together serve as an air pump, receiving the contents of the con-
denser through the port m, which port, as is shown is formed in the piston C¹.
The delivery valve of the air pump is shown at m². Injection water is to be
admitted through any convenient opening, (although none is shown) into that
part of the vessel A, A, which serves as the condenser, and thus, a vacuum
being formed in the steam cylinder A, after each steam stroke or forcing stroke
of the double-ended piston, the double-ended piston is forced up by the pressure
of the external atmosphere, acting through the water from which the pumping
engine draws its supply.
...
Figure 83, Sheet 5, is a slight modification of the pumping engine shown
by Figure 32, the only difference being in the arrangement of the air pump
which is bored out of a prolongation of the vessel A, A³, the air pump, piston,
or ram being formed on the lower side of the water piston C³, as shown; m'is

page_text: the port, through which the contents of the condenser enter the air pump,
and m³ is the elastic, delivery valve of the air pump, this valve being a ring of
india-rubber. Any two of the single-acting pumping engines described in this
Specification may be connected together so as to throw a continuous stream
of water.
Figures 34 and 35 represent two modes of connecting these pumping
engines together, the double-ended pistons of the two engines being connected
directly together in Figure 34,, and connected by a double-ended toothed
sector in Figure 85. Where a continuous stream of water may be required,
I should prefer, however, to construct a double-acting steam pumping engine,
with a separate steam cylinder and pump barrel, the piston rod connecting the
steam piston and water piston together, being made to pass through stuffing
boxes in the steam cylinder cover and pump barrel cover.
For such an
engine I should employ the steam valve described in connection with Figure 20,
Sheet 3, and I should thus dispense with rotary motion as well as with the
various other expedients adopted by other engineers for working the steam
valves of pumping engines.
I have now described my Invention as modified in various forms, but I
have not described all the modifications of which my Invention is capable.
The principles of my Iuvention may be applied to horizontal, vertical, or
inclined pumping engines, the part of the vessel answering to the steam
cylinder may be above or below that serving as the pump barrel, steam moved
slide valves may be employed, if preferred, and other changes, may be made
without departing from the principle of my Invention,
I do not claim as my Invention the casting or otherwise uniting together
the steam cylinder and pump barrel of a steam pumping engine, so that both
shall form but a single vessel, in which the steam space and water space are
separated from each other only by a piston or pistons. The late Doctor
Cartwright's steam engines had the air pump thus cast with the steam cylinder,
and as the air pump, was made to serve also as the feed pump to the boiler,
his engines furnished examples of the combination just mentioned, the steam
in the steam cylinder, and the water in the air pump being separated from
each other only by a double-ended piston.
My Invention nevertheless does apply more particularly to steam pumping
engines in which the steam cylinder and pump barrel are thus formed in a s
single vessel, although the principle of my Invention would not be abandoned
by merely separating the steam cylinder from the pump barrel, and securing
them separately to a base plate, or other common foundation.

page_text: .
The first or principal part of my Invention consists in that combination of
the parts of the herein-before described single-acting steam pumping engines,
whereby the steam and water pistons, or the steam piston and plunger, or the
steam piston and bucket, are moved through each return stroke, or suction
stroke; by atmospheric pressure, each forcing stroke being made by steam
pressure. And it is this combination of the parts of the herein-before described
steam pumping engines, whereby after each steam stroke or forcing stroke
made by the steam and water pistons, or steam piston and plunger, or steami
piston and bucket, these are returned to their original positions at the beginning
of such stroke by means of atmospheric pressure, that I claim as the principal
feature or part of my Invention. The pressure of the atmosphere, as thus
exerted, may act wholly or only partly through the water being pumped.
In some of the pumping engines herein-before described, nearly the whole if
not the whole effective action of the air in returning the pistons, or piston
and plunger, or piston and bucket, will be that resulting from its pressure on
one side of the steam piston only, and not through the water being pumped. ..
My Invention comprises moreover the combination of parts or generál
arrangement shown in Figure 19, Sheet 3, whereby the pressure of the
atmosphere is employed in aid of a constant pressure of steam for the purpose
of returning the piston after each stroke made by a superior but periodically
exerted pressure of steam.
.
:
Steam pumps have been proposed in which the steam and water were to bé
separated only by a flexible diaphragm, which diaphragm was, to be first pressed
down by the steam, so as to expel the water on its opposite or lower side, and then
after the steam had been condensed, and a vacuum thus formed on the upper
side of the diaphragm, it was to be returned by atmospheric pressure acting
wholly through the water below it. So, too, it has been proposed to interposé
between the steam and water a cylinder closed at one end, and sliding
telescopically upon a steam pipe entering the other end, the moving cylinder
sliding also within a fixed pump barrel. The reciprocating motion of the
moving cylinder was to be obtained alternately from the pressure of the steam
acting in one direction, and that of the air acting through the water and in
the opposite direction. These, and analogous schemes are impracticable for
reasons which will be obvious to any experienced engineer, and I have
mentioned them only to observe that I set up no broad claim to the employ-
ment of atmospheric pressure as a means of moving the movable parts of every
description of steam pumping apparatus whatever.
But I do claim as my Invention the combination. of parts, by which the

page_text: pressure of the atmosphere is usefully applied in the manner herein-before set
forth in respect of the various forms of steam pumping engines which I have
herein-before described, and I should make the same claim in respect of any
other combination of parts substantially like that or those combinations which
I have described as accomplishing the purpose herein-before set forth and
working to all intents and purposes in the same manner.
The general purpose of my combinations of parts as I have described themi,
is that of dispensing with or doing away with rotary motion, and that of
otherwise obtaining the greatest simplicity of structure of which a steam
pumping engine is capable.
A number of the details of my steam pumping engine are also of my own
Invention, and are now publicly described for the first time. Thus although
steam moved valves have been known for many years, and have been described
in the Specifications filed in pursuance of the conditions of a considerable
number of Letters Patent, I believe that the differential steam moved valve
which I have described is new, and that I am the first and true Inventor
thereof. I do not claim the mere difference of the two areas of pressure
but my Invention, with respect to this valve, consists in the means whereby
a.constant pressure of steam is maintained on the smaller area, and steam
periodically admitted upon the larger area, the respective pressures acting
in different and opposite directions. For several kinds of steam engines,
besides my own steam pumping engines for which this steam valve is especially
applicable, it would be found very useful. The steam engines to which this
valve is applicable are those in which no rotary motion is employed, as in
pumping, reciprocating sawing, pile driving, and some other engines, whether
single acting or double acting. All the wearing surfaces of this valve may
be fitted with packing, if thought necessary, but for valves of small or moderate
diameter I am of opinion that no packing is required, if the valve is once well
fitted. The employment of one or both ends of this valve, or of any other
steam valve, as the plunger or piston, or plungers or pistons of an air pump is
also original with myself. Another most important detail of my steam
pumping engines is the waste steam belt, or combined surface and injection
condenser around the pump barrel, or between the pump barrel' and steam
cylinder formed together as a single vessel. Besides affording compactness,
this condenser nearly prevents the conduction of heat from the steam end to
the water end of the engine.
The water valves shown in Figure 7, Sheet 2, and again in several of the
other Figures on other Sheets, are not new, but the water valves shown in and

page_text: described in connection with Figure 19, Sheet 8, are, I believe, new in so far
as their peculiar arrangement consists, whereby one valve works within the
other, one being the inlet or suction valve, and the other the outlet or delivery
valve.
In witness whereof, I, the said Zerah Colburn, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of January, in the year of our
Lord Eighteen hundred and sixty-three. (1868).
Witness,
BERNARD LUXTON,
28, Robert Street,
Hoxton.
N.
ZERAH
LBURN. L.S.)