Improvements in or relating to Incandescent Gas Lamps.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 18th June, 1895
Complete Specification Left, 18th Mar., 1896-Accepted, 25th Apr., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Incandescent Gas Lamps.
I HENRY GARDNER of 166 Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent do hereby declare the nature of this invention which has been communicated
to me from abroad by The Society Francaise de L'Heliogene, Paris, France, to
be as follows:-
The object of the present Patent application is as far as possible to secure the
sole and exclusive property of a new incandescent gas burner especially distinguished
from its competitors by the fact that, by its use, incandescence can be obtained
without a preliminary admixture of air.
Up to this date, in fact, the numerous incandescent burners rely, with some
variations, on Bunsen's principle, which consists in mixing air with the gas before
emerges from the burner.
This invention therefore differs from all known burners precisely by the absence
of that particular property which renders these others utilisable for incandescence.
A series of experiments have been conducted in order to ascertain whether the
previous mixture of air was absolutely necessary for the complete combustion of
the carbon of the gas and the results have proved that in order to obtain an
incandescent flame it suffices to arrange the gas flame with a surface so thin and so
contracted that the oxygen of the ambient air, operating by simple contact, suffices
for the complete combustion of the carbon.
To obtain this it has been found that flat flame burners with very small orifices
are specially adapted because they give the worst lighting results but on the other
hand the greatest amount of blue flame to obtain incandescence.
The gas flame should be as thin as possible but at the same time without over-
stepping the limit which would reduce it too much as would destroy its calorific
power, in a word the burner should allow only enough gas to pass in order that the
Hame should burn blue, just bordered with a whiteish edge.
Two, three or four burners in line can be used consuming a total amount of two
to three feet of gas per hour. This example given is to explain the necessary state
of reduction of the flame to obtain the desired result. Indeed for this slight
hourly consumption, if a single flat flame burner be used in the ordinary way a
white flame fuliginous whilst the same quantity of gas given out by three or four
small burners of the same system will give small blue flames oxidising and very
heating.
These flames oxidising, and not luminous being thus obtained it will suffice in order
to have an incandescent light to place above them in the dark calorific zone, a
suitable refractory body, and preferably, the patented plume or fringe known as
the De Mares.
Although the flames are almost steady by reason of their small size, oscillations
are avoided which might be produced by parasitic currents of air and the combustion
is even increased thereby by protecting them laterally by two pieces of porcelain
or other suitable material, fixed parallel on the two faces. The hot gases are thus
better guided up to the irradiating body, the light of which is thereby increased
whilst it gains in fixity.
Instead of using separate pieces to protect the flames an oval porcelain basket
or screen perforated or open framed at its base and presenting on its upper
| circumference a full belt of suitable height may be fitted.

page_text: The special features are an incandescent gas irradiator distinguished by the fact
that the mixture of air necessary for the perfect combustion of the carbon of the
gas does not first take place when the gas emerges, as is the case in all incandescent
burners, perfect combustion being here obtained by the simple contact of the ambient
air with flames of very small dimensions.
The irradiator is also otherwise characterised by the combination of the De Mare
plume or fringe with a certain number of flat flame burners (nipples) arranged in
the same line or the same branch the flames of which are protected by a basket of
suitable form or by bands.
Dated this 18th day of June 1905
עגע
DE BUITIVATION.
Improvements in or relating to Incandescent Gas Lamps.
I, HENRY GARDNER, of 166 Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, which has been communicated
to me from abroad by The Societe Francaise de L'Heliogene, Paris, France, and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :—
The object of the present Patent application is as far as possible to secure the
sole and exclusive property of a new incandescent gas burner especially distinguished
from its competitors by the fact that by its use incandescence can be obtained without
a preliminary admixture of air.
Up to this date, in fact, the numerous incandescent burners rely, with some
variations, on Bunsen's principle, which consists in mixing air with the gas before
it emerges from the burner.
This invention therefore differs from all known burners precisely by the absence
of that particular property which renders these others utilisable for incandescence.
A series of experiments have been conducted in order to ascertain whether the
previous mixture of air was absolutely necessary for the complete combustion of the
carbon of the gas, and the results have proved that in order to obtain an incandescent
flame it suffices to arrange the gas flame with a surface so thin and so contracted
that the oxygen of the ambient air operating by simple contact, suffices for the.
complete combustion of the carbon.
To obtain this it has been found that flat flame burners with very small orifices
are specially adapted because they give the worst lighting results but on the other
hand the greatest amount of blue flame to obtain incandescence of a radiant body
arranged over the flame.
The gas flame should be as thin as possible but at the same time without over-
stepping the limit which would reduce it so much as would destroy its calorific
power; in a word, the burner should allow only enough gas to pass in order that
the flame should burn blue just bordered with a whiteish edge.
2, 3, or 4 burners in line can be used consuming a total amount of 3 feet of gas
per hour.
This example given is to explain the necessary state of reduction of the flame to
obtain the desired result. Indeed, for this slight hourly consumption, if a single
flat flame burner be used in the ordinary way a white flame (fuliginous) will be
given, whilst the same quantity of gas given out by 3 or 4 small burners of the
same system will give small blue flames oxidising and very heating.
Solely for the sake of illustration the annexed drawings have been appended in
which
Figure 1 is an external view of an irradiator furnished with an oval basket with
three burners.
Figure 2 a plan of the basket.
10

page_text: Figure 3 is a view of Figure 1 with the basket removed.
Figure 4 perspective view of the plume and the stand for the plume.
Figure 5 view of a flat flame burner with three holes.
Figure 6 view of a flat flame burner with two holes and two tubes.
A tube A terminated at one side by a joint for the burners has 2, 3, or 4 branches a
into which are fixed the burners B very small (6 to 7 millimeters in diameter)
arranged in such a manner that the flames given out are all on the same level; the.
distance apart of the burners being calculated so that the flames do not touch, but
still being near enough together to produce above them a continuous calorific line,.
this calorific line is about 65 millimeters in length for the total consumption of
85 litres an hour.
The same irradiator with four burners for the same consumption gives better
results but practically the one with 3 burners is sufficient.
For a larger consumption it would be necessary to augment in suitable proportions.
the number of burners on the one tube.
These flames oxidising and not luminous being thus obtained it will suffice, in-
order to have an incandescent light, to place above them in the dark calorific zone,.
a suitable refractory body, and preferably the patented plume or fringe known as.
the De Mares, this plume C will be fixed upon a stand D the neck d of which in
the form of a half circle can very easily be fixed upon the tube A.
Although the flames are almost steady by reason of their small size, oscillations
are avoided which might be produced by parasitic currents of air and the combustion.
is even increased thereby by protecting them laterally by two pieces of porcelain E,.
or other suitable material fixed parallel on the two faces.
The hot gases are thus better guided up to the irradiating body, the light of
which is thereby increased whilst it gains in steadiness.
Instead of using separate pieces to protect the flames an oval porcelain basket or
screen perforated or open framed at its base and presenting on its upper circum-
ference a full belt of suitable height may be fitted to wholly surround the flame, as
shown.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I.
claim is :-
1. An incandescent gas irradiator distinguished by the fact that the mixture of
air necessary for the perfect combustion of the carbon of the gas does not first
take place when the gas emerges, as is the case in all incandescent burners; perfect
combustion being here obtained by the simple contact of the ambient air with flames.
of very small dimensions, as set forth.
2. The irradiator characterised by the combination of the De Mare plume or
fringe with a certain number of flat flame burners (nipples) arranged in the same-
line or the same branch, the Hames of which are protected by a basket of suitable-
form or by plates, as described.
ய
1000
CH. GARDNER..