IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS AND MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC TUBES AND HOLLOW CYLINDERS, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS MAY ALSO BE APPLIED TO THE CASTING OF OTHER HOLLOW BODIES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Glydon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th September
1863.
I, WILLIAM GLYDON, the younger, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS AND MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF
METALLIC TUBES AND HOLLOW CYLINDERS, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS MAY ALSO
BE APPLIED TO THE CASTING OF OTHER HOLLOW BODIES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, of improvements in cores or core bars, em-
ployed in casting hollow metallic cylinders to be made into metallic tubes, and
in casting other hollow cylinders and hollow castings for various purposes, and
consists in making the said cores or core bars capable of contracting in
diameter under the pressure of the solidifying and cooling metal in the manner
hereinafter explained.
In making cores or core bars according to my Invention, I either make
them in one piece or in several pieces. When I make the core or core bar
in one piece, I make it of sheet iron or other metal difficult of fusion, bent or
rolled up into a cylindrical or tubular form, the parallel overlapping edges
being, by preference, inclined on opposite sides, so that as the diameter of the
core diminishes under the pressure to which it is subjected in use, the inclined
edges may readily slide over one another; or the core bar, in one piece, may
be made by the process of casting instead of by the rolling up of sheet metal.
When the hollow cylinder to be cast requires a tongue or internal longitudinal

page_text: ..
rib, such as is required in rollers used for printing fabrics, I introduce into
the core a. trough-like piece, which I insert between the two edges of the
tubular core, the edges both of the said tubular core and the trough-like piece
being inclined, so that they may readily slide over one another during the
contraction of the core, or the trough-like piece may be made in one piece,
with the sheet metal tubular core herein first described.
When I make the core or core bar of several pieces, I construct it as
follows: I make it of a series of four or other number of pieces, which, when
properly packed together, form a core cylindrical without. The said core is
not, however, cylindrical within, each of the pieces having a projecting snug
or convex rib within, for the purpose herein-after explained. The junctions
of the several pieces are not radial or in planes intersecting one another in
the axis of the core, but are arranged in the following manner:-All the
junctions are in planes parallel to the axis of the core, and each of the dividing
planes is so inclined to the next of the said planes; that the several pieces are
wedge-shape; the larger end of every second piece being presented to the
interior of the core, and the larger end of the alternating pieces being pre-
sented to the outer surface of the core. I prefer also to cut out small wedge-
shaped pieces at two opposite points in the core, or at more than two points,
so that at these places the parts are only in contact near the outer or cylin-
drical surface of the core. The parts of the core are held together by two
outer hoops or rings, one at top and the other at bottom, and by an internal
spring forcing the several pieces outwards. The said spring may consist of a
coil of elastic metal of the figure of an open jointed tube. The spring bears
against the snugs or internal convex ribs herein-before described, and presses
the parts outwards, so as to keep them to their bearing against the outer
hoops or rings. Compound cores or core.bars made in the manner described,
may yield in use without any material change in their outer cylindrical figure,
or the core or core bar may be made of the figure of an open jointed tube,
flattened or bevilled at the joint, the said flattened or bevilled part being pro-
vided with a segmental piece, which engages therewith by means of a rib
taking into the open joint. In use the tubular part contracts in diameter,
the cylindrical figure being. preserved, with but slight change, by the
segmental piece.
Although I have only described this part of my Invention, as applied to
cylindrical cores, yet the cores described may have an external figure other
than that of a cylinder, such, for example, as that of a six or eight-sided prism
or a fluted cylinder.
Cores or core bars may be made according to 'my Invention either of the

page_text: same diameter throughout, or they may be made of a diameter progressively
diminishing from one end to the other when used in the manufacture of taper
tubes. In using cores or core bars according to my Invention, the packing
ordinarily used is not required.
My Invention consists, secondly, of improvements in rolling machinery for
manufacturing metallic tubes and hollow cylinders. In making rolling
machinery according to my Invention for rolling tubes and hollow cylinders,
I construct the said rolls with a series of pairs of grooves, of progressively
diminishing size, the said grooves resembling those of the rolls ordinarily
employed, excepting that I give the grooves the following figure:-The first
or largest pair of grooves is made with transverse depressions at equal dis-
tances, the said depressions giving to the said grooves somewhat the appear-
ance of the kind of toothed wheel called a worm wheel. The second pair of
grooves is provided with small longitudinal grooves, giving a fluteu
ugure to
the said second pair of grooves. The third pair of grooves is provided with a
series of irregularly shaped projections, which do not affect the general figure
of the grooves, but only give an appearance of roughness thereto. The fourth
pair of grooves is of the ordinary kind. As the hollow cylinder to be operated
upon is passed through the first pair of grooves, a series of transverse alter-
Dating ribs and depressions are made on it, and as it passes through the second
pair of grooves, a series of longitudinal alternating ribs and depressions are
made on it. As it passes through the third pair of grooves, the impressions
made by the first and second pairs are obliterated, and a roughness given to
the whole surface. By the fourth pair of grooves a smooth surface is given
to the cylinder. By this treatment a kneading of the metal takes place, which
makes it dense and homogeneous, and renders unnecessary the hammering
commonly resorted to in the manufacture of hollow cylinders of copper and
brass. The tubes or cylinders may be supported internally during the rolling
process a plain, or slotted, or grooved mandril, as may be required.