IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF STONE, PLASTER, COMPO, IRON, WOOD, AND SUCH LIKE SUBSTANCES, 50 AS TO PRESERVE THEM FROM DECAY." PROVISIONAL SP
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Benjamin Daines, of No. 5, Little Argyle
Street West, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF STONE, PLASTER, COMPO, IRON,
WOOD, AND SUCH LIKE SUBSTANCES, 50 AS TO PRESERVE THEM FROM DECAY."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Benjamin Daines at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th April 1863.
I, JOHN BENJAMIN DAINES, of No. 5, Little Argyle Street West, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF STONE, PLASTER, COMPO,
IRON, WOOD, AND SUCH LIKE SUBSTANCES, SO AS TO PRESERVE THEM PROM DECAY,"
to be as follows:-
I first prepare a solution by mixing together animal gall, liquor calcis, and
liquor from boiling potatoes; this I name solution No. 1. I next prepare a
solution of sulphur and camphor obtained by the use of a combination of
mineral and linseed oils, or other suitable solvents compatible with the nature
of the material under treatment; this I name solution No. 2; and the surfaces
of the stone, plaster, compo, wood, iron, and such liko substances having been
cleansed when necessary by a solution of an alkali, and the alkali neutralized
by a very weak acid, and thoroughly washed with water, 1 then apply each of
these solutions by the aid of a brush, in the same manner as in painting, or by
some such similar manner, to their surfaces; but in the case of timber for

page_text: ships or other uses, statuary and other portable articles, where it may be
desirable to thoroughly saturate them, these solutions as required, No. 1 and
No. 2, may be injected by means of an exhausted receiver.
This Invention, it will be understood, is applicable to the preservation from
decay and also to the embellishment of a variety of articles composed of stone,
plaster, or cement, as well as the interior of walls, and floors, and ceilings of
buildings; more especially it will be found useful in the preparation of grounds
for fresco paintings. Mixture No. 2 may be coloured to taste by the
ordinary rules of mixing paint, and in case of ironwork, by plumbago or
ochre, which will form an economic and efficient protection.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Benjamin Daines in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 22nd October 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
BENJAMIN DAINES, of No. 5, Little Argyle Street West, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date tho Twenty-fourth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said John Benjamin Daines, Her special licence that I, the said John Benjamin
Daines, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
John Benjamin Daines, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF STONE, PLASTER, COMPO, IRON, WOOD,
AND SUCH LIKE SUBSTANCES, SO AS TO PRESERVE THEM FROM DECAY," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Benjamin Daines, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed. and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Benjamin Daines, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is.
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the.
following statement:-
This Invention relates to the treatment of stone, plaster, compo, iron, wood,
and such like substances, so as to preserve them from decay; and also to the
embellishment of a variety of articles composed of stone, plaster, or cement,
as well as to the interior walls, and floors, and ceilings of buildings; more.
especially it, will be found useful in the preparation of grounds for fresco.
painting.
.
To carry. out the above, I first prepare a solution by mixing together animal.
gall, liquor calcis, and liquor from boiling potatoes; these I prefer to mix in
the following proportions, namely, one pint of gall to one gallon of each of
the other liquors; this I name solution No. 1. I next prepare a solution of
sulphur and camphor obtained by the use of a combination of mineral and
linseed oils, or other suitable solvent compatible with the nature of the
material under treatment; as, for instance, when stone or such like surfaces
are to be treated with this composition, I prefer to use three parts by weight of
linseed oil to one part by weight of purified mineral oil. When rough surfaces
of iron, wood, and stucco, and such like surfaces are under treatment I prefer to
use crude mineral oil, together with a little of the lighter oil, in order to reduce
its consistency. In some cases cheap fat oils may be used when they can be
obtained, but in this case, as with the mineral oils, and sometimes with the
linseed oils, to facilitate their drying quickly, it is necessary to use dryers, as is
well known to painters. The quantity of sulphur is made to vary according to
the purposes to which the compositions are to be applied. For the saturating
of the surfaces of stone I prefer them to have in solution about one-
sixteenth of their weight of sulphur; this is obtained by heating the oils with
the flowers of sulphur to the temperature of 278° F. When rough surfaces
of iron, wood, stucco, and such like surfaces are under treatment, I prefer the
compositions to contain a larger per-centage of sulphur than for the surfaces
of stone. In these combinations the use of camphor varies considerably,
depending upon the nature of the material to be treated, and the purposes to
which it is to be applied; as, for instance, with wood and iron, when exposed
to damp or to dry rot, I prefer these combinations to contain one-seventieth
of their weight of camphor, and when not exposed to such actions a smaller
quantity may be employed. In certain cases I have found a small quantity
of creosote to be advantageous where the camphor is used. The above
solutions or compositions I name No. 2. The mode of treatment is as

page_text: follows: The surfaces of the stone, plaster, compo, wood, irou, and such
like substances having been cleansed when necessary by a solution of an
alkali, and the alkali neutralized by a very weak acid, and thoroughly washed
with water, I then apply each of these solutions by the aid of a brush, in the
same manner as in painting, or by some such similar manner, to their sur-
faces; but in the case of timber for ships or other uses, statuary, and other
portable articles, where it may be desirable to thoroughly saturate them, these
solutions as required, No. 1 and No. 2, may be injected by means of an
exhausted receiver. The mixture No. 2 may be coloured to taste by the
ordinary rules of mixing paint, and in case of ironwork, by plumbago, red
lead, or ochre, which will form an economic and efficient protection.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Benjamin Daines, have hereunto
set my band and seal, this Twenty-first day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
Witness,
A. E. ALDER.
J. B. DAINES. (L.S.)