IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Thomlinson, of Armathwaite Castle, near Carlisle,
in the County of Cumberland, Merchant, and John Salkeld, of 34, Junction
Road, in the County of Middlesex, Coment Manufacturer, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS."
Sealed the 14th November 1870, and dated the 6th June 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Thomlinson and John
Salkeld at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th June 1876.
JOHN THOMLINSON, of Armathwaite Castle, near Carlisle, in the County of
Cumberland, Merchant, and JoUN SALKELD, of 34, Junction Road, in the County
of Middlesex, Cement Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS."
"
This Invention has for its object improvements in kilns. For this purpose we
construct a kiln in the manner shewn in the Drawings hereunto annexed.
Figures 1 and 2 are vertical sections, and Figuro 3 is a horizntal section of
the kiln.
a, a, a, a, are four fire-places, from each of which a flue b passes and leads into
the domed interior or body c of the oven or kiln. d is a grating of iron bars,
through which and through openings the heated products of combustion after
rising to the top descend, and then pass by flues e into the spaces f between the
walls g and the outer lining h. A portion of the heat from the fires can also be
allowed to pass direct into the spaces when desired. The spaces of are gathered
up at the top into four chimneys i, i; k, k¹, k, are dampers to regulate the draft.
Thus it will be seen that in addition to the interior or body c the spaces 1, L, between
the outer and inner linings are heated. If the kiln is to be used for burning
gypsumn the raw gypsum is placed in these spaces, and here it is roasted till it
becomes plaster of Paris; in this state it is drawn out by the openings 1, 1, at the
bottom.
So much of the plaster as is required for the manufacture of cement as described
in the Specification of a Patent granted to us, No. 4223, in the year 1875, is
returned to the over or kiln and placed in the interior or body c, where
it is exposed to a full red heat, which is maintained until every trace of vapour
passing away from the material has ceased.
m, m, are charging doors at the top; they can be closed air-tight. n is a cover
which is removed to fill the interior or body. o is a door which is opened to draw
Die 1071

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by the
said John Thomlinson and Jolin Salkeld in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 6th December 1876.
JOHN THOMLINSON, of Armathwaite Castle, near Carlisle, in the County of
Cumberland, Merchant, and JOHN SALKELD, of 34, Junction Road, London, in the
County of Middlesex, Cement Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in kilns. For this purpose we
construct a kiln in the manner shewn in the Drawings hereunto annexed.
Figures 1 and 2 are vertical sections of the kiln. Figure 3 is a horizontal section
taken on the line 1, 1, Figure 1; Figure 4 a horizontal section taken on the line 2, 2;
and Figure
a horizontal section taken on the line 3, 3.
, a, a, a, are four fire-places, from each of which a flue passes and leads into
the domed interior or body c of the oven or kiln. d is a grating of iron bars
through which the heated products of combustion after rising to the top descend
and then pass by flues e into the spaces f between the walls g and the outer lining h.
A. portion of the heat from the fires can also be allowed to pass direct into the
spaces when desired by more or less opening dampers. The spaces are
gathered up at the top into an arched flue & running round the top of the kiln
with openings into four chimneys i, i, in each of which is also a damper to further
regulate the draft.
It will be seen that in the above construction of kiln in addition to the interior
or body c the spaces 7, 7, between the outer and inner linings are heated. If the
kiln is to be used for baking gypsum the raw gypsum is placed in these spaces, and
here it is baked till it becoines plaster of Paris; in this state it is drawn out by
the openings ¹, 1, at the bottom.
If any of the plaster is required for the manufacture of cement it may be returned
to the oven or kiln and placed in the interior or body c, and be there exposed to a
full red heat, which is maintained until every trace of vapour passing away from
the inaterial has ceased, or raw gypsum might be charged direct into the body to
be burnt without previously roasting it in the outer spaces 7.
m, m, are doors by which the top of the kiln may be closed over; n is a cover
closing over the opening at the top of the interior or body; r is an elevator for
raising the raw stone and delivering it into the chambers of the kiln. When the
chambers are to have raw stone filled into them the doors m are opened and the
stone is delivered into these spaces from the elevator by a shoots, whilst the
interior or body remains closed by the coned cover n. When the interior or body
is to be charged the cover n is drawn up out of the way and an iron funnel is
inserted into its place. Raw gypsum or gypsum which has been previously baked
is then delivered by means of the elevator and shoot into the funnel and so to the
interior or body; o is a door which can be opened to draw the charge from the
interior or body; and p is a door which is opened to remove dust from beneath
the grating d and to clear the passages.
Any one or other of the chambers of the kiln, or all of them, can be worked at
one time at pleasure. Cement can also be burnt without making plaster of Paris;
or plaster of Paris without burning cement, or both operations can be carried on
simultaneously as above described. The kiln also can be both charged and dis-
charged whilst hot.
We prefer to burn coke in the fire-places u, but coal may be used when more
convenient.

page_text: Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and the manner of performing
the same, we would have it understood that we claim--
First. The construction of kilns, substantially as.herein-before described.
Second. The combination of the interior body c, roasting chambers 1, and heated
flues or spaces f, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Salkeld, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Sixth day of December, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-six.
JOHN SALKELD. (L.S.)