Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Use in the Manufacture of Oval, Oblong, and Diamond Shaped Ferrules, Washers and the like
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 31st Dec., 1898
"Complete Specification Left, 2nd Oct., 1899-Accepted, 9th Dec., 1899
Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Use in the Manufacture
of Oval, Oblong, and Diamond Shaped Ferrules, Washers and
the like
I, WILLIAM HENRY TILDESLEY, of 88, Walsall Street, Willenhall, in the County
of Stafford, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
This invention consists of the herein described improvements in machinery
or apparatus for use in the manufacture of oval oblong diamond shaped and other
analogous ferrules washers and the like made of iron steel or other ductile metal
or material
The usual method of making oval or other shaped ferrules is to take a sheet
metal blank of the necessary oval or elongated torm in a diawing press to raise
the sides of the blank so as to form a cup or dish of which the bottom 18 after-
wards punched out leaving the sides which form the ferrule This involves the
making of oval or other shaped tools and dies of a form corresponding with the
ferrules which tools and dies are more expensive to make than if they were of
circular form and there 18 moreover the necessity for the oval or oblong blank to
be placed in the dies in a particular position which is not the case with circulai
blanks
Another method of manufacturing ferrules washers or the like of an oval
oblong or other elongated form is to first make the washer feule on the like
of a perfectly circular form and then to stretch the ferrule or washer and form
the same into the requued oval oblong or diamond shape by diving into it a
punch or drift having the cross sectional shape of the hole in the finished washer
feirule or the like In this method of manufacture there is considerable friction
on the punch or drift as to cause excessive wear and tear of the same and an
injury to or distortion of the ferrule or washer but this is avoided by constructing
the tools in accordance with this invention
I will describe my invention as applied to the manufacture of an oval or oblong
ferrule I first form the ferrule of circular shape in the usual way by raising the
same mito a cup like form from sheet metal and punching out the bottom, and I
then employ a punch and a bed or bottom tool which are constructed as follows
so as to change the cucular form of the ferrule into the required oval or oblong
form My punch consists of a central wedge shaped part mounted in a suitable
holder and adapted for a sliding up and down movement in any suitable press
stamp or other suitable device such as what is known as an inclined press having
sufficient power and motion to perform the work The lower or small end of the
said wedge shaped part is of about the same width as the shorter axis of the oval
shape of the required ferrule. Acting on the inclined surfaces of the wedge
part I provide two sliding pieces the lower ends of which are about level with the
lower end of the wedge The lower ends of these sliding pieces are about the same
width as the lower end of the wedge and the sliding pieces are rounded off 80
as to correspond with the rounded interior ends of the oval ferrules required

page_text: these rounded enda teiminating in shoulders at a short distance above the lower
end of the tool which is about equal to the depth of the ferrule
The said punch
thus consists essentially of three parts namely the central wedge and the two
sliding pieces which latter may if desired be provided with tongues fitting in
grooves formed in the inclined sides of the wedge piece so as the better to keep
the parts true The two sliding pieces extend upwardly into the holder and are
suitably guided therein so as to move up or down along the inclined sides of the
wedge part the guides of the said holder being by preference made with pins
which fit in inclined grooves in the sliding pieces and thus ensure then keeping
in contact with the wedge as they move up and down Suitable spings on the
like press the inclined pieces down towards the bottom end of the wedge shaped
part the distance through which the sliding pieces move being limited by suit-
able stops The bed or bottom tool on to which the cucular teirule 18 placed
whilst being acted upon by the punch above described is made expansible, that
is to say, there is a groove along which the circular fenules are fed to the required
position under the punch and at right angles to this groove there are two sliding
blocks made with shoulders on which the ferrule rests these blocks being pressed
inwardly by springs and arranged to expand when the punch descends and
stretches and elongates the ferrule as hereinafter described Fixed above the said
bed there is a plate with an oval hole forming a stripper or taking off device so
arranged that when the punch uses with the oblong or elongated fenule upon
it the ferrule is by the stripper stripped off the punch and then falls down an
incline away from the press as hereinafter described
The tools or appliances above described act as follows -The fenules are fed
down an inclined trough or otherwise placed in position under the punch and
as the latter descends the shoulders on the said sliding pieces come in contact
with the top edge of the ferrule and then, as the punch continues to descend, the
central wedge shaped part continuing to move forces the sliding pieces apait
and they in their turn stretch the ferrules to the desired amount the downward
movement of the wedge shaped part being limited by a suitable stop which can
be adjusted so that the tool will serve for ferrules of different lengths As the
punch ascends it carries the ferrule with it until the ferrule comes in contact
with the stripper so that the ferrule is thereby stripped off the punch and falls
away down the incline so that the two said sliding pieces of the punch are by the
springs caused to slide down to the lower end of the incline thus reducing the
sides of the bottom of the punch again ready to act upon the next ferrule as it
moves down into position on the bottom die
Or instead of the downward movement of the sliding pieces being anested by
the shoulder of the slide coming in contact with the top of the ferrule this can
be effected by the bottom ends of the sliding pieces coming in contact with the
bottom of the die which will then have a cential hole to allow of the bottom end
of the wedge continuing its motion down into the bottom of the die
It will be seen that by my invention as above described there is little or no
friction between the sliding pieces which cause the extension of the ferrule and
the interior of the ferrule itself and therefore the ends of the fenule are not
liable to be pressed down too far or otherwise deformed as is the case when a solid
punch 18 used Moreover, as the sliding surfaces of the compound punch ale
interior surfaces they are capable of suitable lubrication
Although I have described my compound punch as applied to the interiors of
round feri ules or the like for changing them into oval or oblong ones it is obvious
that the same tools can be similarly used to enlarge an oval or other ferrule by
stretching the fibres of the material of which it 18 composed
Instead of the punch being arranged to move up and down and act above the
bed or bottom tool as above described the said tools may be arranged horizontally
or nearly so with the bed or bottom tool in front of the punch.
In another arrangement of my invention I dispense with the said wedge shaped
part and instead of the two sliding pieces which act upon the interior of the fer-

page_text: rule and elongate the same, the punch is made with two side pieces which are
jointed to the holder or otherwise arranged so that they can be opened apart by
an independent wedge which 18 suitably carried below the punch and means are
provided for forcing the wedge between the said two side pieces of the punch
so as to force them apart and elongate the ferrule to the required shape
In another arrangement of my invention the circular ferrule is elongated to
the required shape by being placed on two upwardly projecting tools which are
suitably supported and are made of the proper shape and size to enter the circular
ferrule and then these tools are forced apart by a wedge entering between them
or by other means so that they thus elongate the circular ferrule to the required
shape
Dated this 28th day of December 1898
CHARLES BOSWORTH KETLEY,
Agent for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Use in the Manufacture
of Oval, Oblong, and Diamond Shaped Ferrules, Washers and
the like.
I, WILLIAM HENRY TILDESLEY, of 88, Walsall Street, Willenhall, in the County
of Stafford, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascei-
tained in and by the following statement
This invention consists of the herein descubed improvements in machinery
or apparatus for use in the manufacture of oval oblong diamond shaped and other
analogous ferrules washers and the like made of iron steel or other ductile metal
or material.
The usual method of making oval or other shaped ferrules is to take a sheet
metal blank of the necessary oval or elongated form in a drawing press to 1a18e
the sides of the blank so as to form a cup or dish of which the bottom is after-
wards punched out leaving the sides which form the ferrule This involves the
making of oval or other shaped tools and dies of a form corresponding with the
feirules which tools and dies are more expensive to make than if they were of
circular form and there is moreover the necessity for the oval on oblong blank to
be placed in the dies in a particular position which is not the case with circular
blanks
Another method of manufacturing ferrules washers or the like of an oval
oblong or other elongated form is to first make the washer feule on the like
of a perfectly circular form and then to stretch the ferrule or washer and form
the same into the required oval oblong or diamond shape by driving into it a
punch or drift having the cross sectional shape of the hole in the finished washer
ferrule or the like In this method of manufacture there 18 considerable friction
on the punch or drift so as to cause excessive wear and tear of the same and an
injury to or distortion of the ferrule or washer but this is avoided by constructing
the tools in accordance with this invention
I will describe my invention by referring to the accompanying drawings on
which Fig 1 represents an ordinary round ferrule or washer which by the
machinery or appliances forming the subject of this invention I form into the
oblong ferrule or washer represented by Fig 2, Fig. 3 18 an elevation partly
in section of tools or appliances constructed according to this invention for use
in changing the round ferrules or washers into oblong, Figs 4, 5, 6, and 7 shew
successive stages in the operation of the tools represented by Fig. 3, Fig 8 is
a sectional plan of the bottom tools in the positions represented by Fig 4;
Fig. 9 is a sectional plan of the bottom tools in the positions represented in

page_text: Fig. 5, Fig 10 18 a sectional side elevation of the said tools; Fig 10* shews
how the feilules are fed into the tools; Fig 11 shews parts of the top tools separ-
ately, Fig 12 18 a sectional front elevation of a modification of my invention
with the round ferrule in position ready for the tools to operate upon it in the
manne represented by Fig 15, Fig 14 is a sectional elevation and Fig. 15 18
a plan of a further modification of my invention and Fig 16 shews the same
paits as represented by Fig 14 operating upon the ferrule
I will first describe the arrangement of my invention illustrated by Figs 3
to 11 both inclusive in all of which the same letters of reference indicate the
same parts
I fist form the ferrule A of cucular shape as represented by Figs 1, 3, 4
and 8 by raising the same into a cup like form fiom sheet metal and then punch
out the bottom (or the cucula ferrule may be formed in any other well known
manner) and I then employ a punch and a bed or bottom tool which are con-
structed as follows so as to change the circular form of the ferrule A into the
equned oval o oblong shape represented in Figs. 2, 5, 6, 7 and 9 My punch
consists of a cential wedge shape pait B, shewn separately in Fig. 11, which is fixed
to the holder C by the plate c' see Figs. 10 and 10 and bolts which latter pass
through holes in the punch B The holder C is carried by the slide or an
ordinary piess or stamp preferably what is known as an inclined press as this
facilitates the feeding of the 1ound washers to the tool and the automatic removal
of the same when they have been operated upon by the tools The lower or
smaller end of the wedge-shaped part B is of about the same width as the
shorter axis of the oval shape of the requned ferrule A represented in Fig. 2
Acting on the inclined surfaces of the wedge part B I provide two sliding
pieces DD the lower edges d' of which are a little lower than the lower end
of the wedge shaped pait B (see Fig 3) The lower ends d' of these sliding
pieces D I are about the same width as the lower end of the wedge B and the
sliding pieces D¹ D are at d¹ 1ounded off so as to correspond with the rounded
interior rounded ends a¹ a² of the oval feule A these rounded ends &¹ termina-
ting in shouldeis d' at a short distance above the lower end of the tool so that the
parts d' d' are of about the same depth as the depth of the fenule A The said
punch thus consists essentially of three parts namely the central wedge B and
two sliding side pieces D1 D2 which latter extend upwardly and are arranged
to slide on the face of the holder C between the said holder and the cover plate c²
this latter having inclined slots with which the pins d of the sliding side
pieces D D engage so as to keep these side pieces D D in place and allow them
to move up or down along the inclined sides of the central wedge piece B. The
springs EE carried by the side projections of the holder C act upon the top
of the inclined pieces D D and force them down towards the bottom end of the
wedge shaped part B the distance through which these sliding pieces D¹ D³ move
down being limited by the pins d³ coming in contact with the bottoms of the
slots e as in Figs 3, 4 and 7.
The bed or bottom tool on to which the circular ferrule A is placed whilst
being acted upon by the punch above described is made expansible that 18 to
say, there is a groove f¹ in the block F¹ (see Figs 8, 9 and 10*) along which the
encular ferrules A are fed to the required position under the punch
At right
angles to this groove f¹ there are two sliding blocks G G made with recesses g¹
in which the ferrule A rests immediately under the punch B D' D'. These
blocks G G are free to slide to and fro in the cross groove at right angles
to the groove f¹ and they are pressed inwardly by the springs h¹ h³ which act
upon the ends of the blocks GG and the cover plates which cover the ends
of the slots f Thus these sliding blocks G G will expand when the punch
descends and stretches and elongates the ferrule A as hereinafter described
The blocks G¹ G are covered by the top plate F2 which is secured to the block Fi
as by the four screws Fixed to the top plate F³ there is a smaller
plate forming a stripper and made with an oval hole k¹ wide enough to admit

page_text: the punch but not wide enough for the ferrule to pass through so that as the
punch rises with the oblong or elongated ferrule upon it as hereinafter described
the ferrule will by the stripper K be stripped off the punch and then fall down
an incline away from the press as hereinafter described.
The tools above described act as, follows -The press 18 inclined so that the
tools are inclined as shewn in Fig 10* and the round ferrules are fed down the
inclined trough f¹ (see Fig 10*) or otherwise placed in position under the com-
pound punch B D D the shoulder or stop g³ forming the stop to ensure the first
ferrule in the trough being immediately under the punch
As the punch
descends by the action of the press the shoulders d on the sliding pieces D₁ 1)"
come in contact with the top edge of the ferrule A the parts d taking inside
the ferrule as shewn in Fig. 4 As the punch continues to descend the central
wedge shaped part B continuing to move down forces the sliding pieces D¹ D*
apart as shewn in Fig. 5 they in their turn stretch the ferrule to the desired form
the downward movement of the wedge shaped part B being limited by the usual
stop on the press which may be adjusted so as to regulate the descent of the tool B
80 as to stretch or elongate the ferrule to the desired amount and enable one
set of tools to serve for ferrules of different lengths As the compound punch B
D Dascends it carries the ferrule A with it until the ferrule comes in contact
with the stripper K, as shewn in Fig 6, and then as the central part B continues
to rise the parts D¹D* move nearer together thereby releasing their grip on the
ferrule A which by the stripper 18 stripped off the punch and falls away down
the incline 3 (see Figs 8, 9 and 10*) The two sliding pieces D¹ D* of the
punch are by their spings E slided down to the lower end of the incline as in
Fig. 7 thus reducing the bottom of the punch again ready to act upon the
next ferrule as it moves down into position on the bottom die
Or instead of the downward movement of the sliding pieces D1 D2 being arrested
by their shoulders coming in contact with the top of the ferrule as above
described, this can be effected by other means as by the bottom ends of the
sliding pieces D 12 coming in contact with the bottom of the die which will then
have a central hole to allow of the bottom wedge part B continuing this motion
down into the bottom of the die
It will be seen that by my invention as above described there is little or no
friction between the sliding pieces D¹ D and the interior of the ferrule A and
therefore the ends of the ferrule are not liable to be pressed down too far or
otherwise deformed as is the case when a solid punch is used Moreover as the
sliding surfaces of the compound punch B D¹ D³ are interior surfaces they are
capable of suitable lubrication
Although I have described my compound punch and expanding bottom tool
for changing round ferrules into oval or oblong ones it is obvious that the same
tools can be similarly used to enlarge oval or oblong ferrules by stretching the
fibres of the material of which they are composed Also the tools can be similarly
arranged for changing round ferrules into diamond shape.
Instead of the punch B DI D² being arranged to move up and down and act
above the bed or bottom tool as above described, said tools may be arranged
horizontally or nearly so with the bed or bottom tool in front of the punch, but
what I prefer is for them to be arranged inclined as indicated by Fig 10*
In another arrangement of my invention illustrated by Figs 12 and 13 I dis-
pense with the wedge shaped part B and instead of the two sliding pieces D¹ D'
which act upon the interior of the wedge and elongate the same as in the arrange-
ment first above described, the punch or top tool C is made with two side pieces LI
L' which at care jointed to the holder C so that they can be opened apart
by an independent wedge M (see Figs 12 and 13) which is suitably carried below
the punch as by being pivotted to the end of the lever N which turns upon the
fulcrum pin n¹ carried underneath the bed of the press. The tail end n of this
lever N is connected by a pusher piece O which is operated by the set screw p
on the slide P of the press so that when this slide descends and the lower ends

page_text: of the side pieces L' L³ have entered the ferrule A, the set screw p on the slide P
forces down the pusher piece O thereby forcing the wedge shaped part M between
the two side pieces L' L of the punch and forcing them apart and elongating the
ferrule A to the required shape.
In another arrangement of my invention (see Figs. 14, 15 and 16) the circular
ferrule A is elongated to the required shape by being placed on two upwardly
projecting tools q' which form part of the slides QQ arranged to slide in
slots in the block R and pressed fowards each other by the springs ss. These
upwardly projecting parts q'q are made somewhat of a circular form like the
ends of the side pieces 11 D³ so as to receive the ferrule A and these tools
are forced apart as shewn in Fig 16 by the wedge shaped piece T which is carried
by the slide of the press and arranged to move up and down so that as this wedge T
enters between the parts q¹ they are forced apart and thus the circular for-
rule A is elongated to the required shape as shewn in Fig 16
The accompanying diawings illustrate what I consider to be the best ways of
carrying my invention into practice but it will be understood that my invention
18 not limited to the precise details shewn as these may be modified to some
extent without departing from the nature of my invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim 18 -
1 In machinery or apparatus for the manufacture of oval oblong diamond
shaped and other analogous feirules washers and the like from feirules washers
and the like of circular form, or for stretching ferrules washers or the like, the
employment of a punch consisting of two side pieces shaped to enter the ferrule
washer or the like, and a wedge shaped part arranged between these two side
pieces and adapted to force them apart in combination with an expansible bed
or bottom tool on which the ferrule washer or like rests and a stripper through
which the punch projects said parts being constructed arranged and operating
substantially as set forth.
2. In machinery or apparatus for the manufacture of oval oblong diamond
shaped and other analogous ferrules washers and the like from ferrules washers
and the like of encular form, or for stretching ferrules washers on the like, the
employment of a punch consisting of two side pieces shaped to enter the ferrule
washer or the like in combination with an expansible bed or bottom tool on which
the ferrule washer on the like rests and a wedge shaped part arranged in the
bed or bottom tool and adapted to force the two pieces of the punch apart when
they have entered the ferrule washer or the like said paits being constructed
arranged and operating substantially as herein before described with reference to
Figs 12 and 13 of the accompanying drawings
3 In machinery or apparatus for the manufacture of oval oblong diamond
shaped and other analogous ferrules washers and the like fiom ferrules washers
and the like of encular form, or for stretching washers or the like, the employ-
ment of a wedge shaped punch in combination with an expansible bed or bottom
tool on which the washer ferrule or the like reste and which have upwardly pro-
jecting parts such as q¹g to enter the washer feriule or the like said wedge
shaped punch being adapted to enter the washer between the two parts of the
bottom tool and spread them apart so as to stretch the washer ferrule or the like
said parts being constructed arranged and operating substantially as hereinbefore
described with reference to Figs 14, 15 and 16 of the accompanying diawings
Dated this 29th day of September 1899.
CHARLES BOSWORTH KETLEY,
Agent for the Applicant