matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEPARATING LIQUIDS FROM SOLIDS OR LIQUIDS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harry John Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th May 1881.
HARRY JOHN SMITH, Ph.D., of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Chemist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEPARATING LIQUIDS FROM SOLIDS OR
LIQUIDS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
This Invention has for its object the separation of liquids from solids or from
liquids in an improved manner, and by means of improved apparatus; and it is
advantageously applicable for separating liquids from chemically produced or other
precipitates or suspended matters, more especially when such precipitates or matters
are of a nature tending to clog a filtering material.
In carrying out the Invention a centrifugal machine is used, such machine
resembling the centrifugal machines employed in the sugar manufacture, the shell of
the basket or rotating vessel not being perforated however, but impermeable. The
liquid mixture to be operated on is led into the vessel and the vessel made to
rotate at a suitable speed, the centrifugal force causing the solid particles or matters
to collect at the outer parts against the inside of the cylindrical or other shell,
whilst the central part becomes occupied by separated liquid, which may be with-
drawn by means of a siphon or in any other convenient way.
The apparatus is arranged so as to act continuously, and in one modification the
rotating vessel is made with curved or conoidal sides, and with an inner curved or
conoidal shell, and the separated solids are gradually carried by the centrifugal
force upwards and outwards between the sides and the shell, and are finally
discharged into an annular channel or other receptacle. The separated liquid
passes up and outwards over the inner and upper side of the curved or conoidal
shell, and is discharged into an annular channel above that which receives the
solid matters. The liquid mixture is supplied to a central space formed by a
cylindrical or curved shell, from the bottom of which space it passes outwards to
the other parts of the vessel. In other modifications helical blades may be employed
for gradually raising the separated solids up the inside of a cylindrical or other
suitable shaped shell to one or more discharge openings at the upper part. In
some cases the axis of the rotating vessel may be inclined or horizontal instead of
vertical. In cases in which it is wished to have the liquid as free as possible from

page_text: solid matters, a filtering medium is arranged for it to pass through from the part
where the principal portion of the solid matters have become separated from it to
the discharge outlet. The filtering material may consist of cotton cloth or other
suitable fibrous or porous material, and may be held between metal shells or plates
of a conoidal or other suitable form, being by preference arranged so that the a
centrifugal force may assist the filtering action.
AN IMPROVED ORNAMENTAL FABRIC APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF SKIRTS, MANTLES, COVERLETS, CUSHIONS, AND ARTICLES OF DRESS AND UPHOLSTERY."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Francis Wanner at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st September 1881.
JAMES FRANCIS WANNER, of Mortimer Street, Middlesex Hospital, in the County
of Middlesex, Embroiderer. "AN IMPROVED ORNAMENTAL FABRIC APPLICABLE TO
THE MANUFACTURE OF SKIRTS, MANTLES, COVERLETS, CUSHIONS, AND
ARTICLES OF DRESS AND UPHOLSTERY."
OTHER
The object of this Invention is to produce an ornamental fabric having the like
embroidery stitch pattern on its opposite sides, and capable of being made up
or used with either side outwards or uppermost. To this end I take two
lengths of say differently colored silk or satin, and secure them in the frame of
what is known as a Swiss embroidery machine, interposing between them a sheet
of wadding. The fabrics I stitch at their opposite ends to the canvas of the
embroidery frame, and draw them to tension therein. I then by the ordinary
embroidery mechanism sew the three several pieces together, working into the
composite fabric flowers, scrolls, or other patterns, so arranged as to cover equally
the surface of the fabrics. The pattern should be so disposed as to leave no large
blank spaces, as otherwise the proper uniting of the fabrics in a manner that would
admit of the compound fabric being cut up for use in the manufacture of garments
would not be attained. Supposing this compound fabric to be used for the
manufacture of mantles no lining will be required, as the fabric will be sufficiently
warm, and the parts which are turned over, the lappets and cuffs for example, will
present a surface equally ornamented to the other parts, and either of the same or
of a different color.
The
Again, when the fabric is used as a loose cover or sack for cushions either face
may be indifferently turned outermost and changed as fancy may dictate.
like remark applies when the compound fabric having faces of different color is
used for making embroidered petticoats, the same being turned to suit the color of
the dress with which it is to be worn.
By thus combining silk or satin fabrics I am enabled to produce flowers and
other devices which have the effect of being embossed, and that at a cost which
will fall far short of that of ordinary hand embroidery.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH THE ATTACHMENT OF BUTTONS TO BOOTS AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1881

page_text: .
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Laurentius Andreas Waldemar Lund
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th July 1881.
LAURENTIUS ANDREAS WALDEMAR LUND, of Chandos Street in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH THE ATTACHMENT OF
BUTTONS TO BOOTS AND OTHER ARTICLES."
According to this Invention I construct a kind of staple, the ends whereof are
turned slightly up. The staple is to pass through the shank of the button; the ends
of the said staple pass through a hole or holes in the material to which the button
is to be attached, and then through a metal plate or disc, having also two holes
therein; and in order that the ends of the staple may be inserted in the holes
in the plate or disc, the metal thereof is cut from one hole to the other, and there
are also two other cuts from the holes, so that a piece of the metal may be turned
back, and the ends of the staple be passed through; and when such flap is
brought back to its normal position, it firmly holds the staple in the plate
or disc.
According to another method of retaining the staple in the material the said
staple is recessed near the two ends, so that when passed through the material it
shall take into the said recess, and a stud is pressed through from the back in
order to force the ends of staple slightly outwards, and thus fix it firmly in the
material. And in order that plates or studs fixed in boots, for example, may not
be uncomfortable to or hurt the wearer, according to this Invention I cover the
said plates or discs with a cap of india rubber suitably formed so it can be stretched
over the back of the said plate or stud; this india rubber cap may be covered with
silk or other material if desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS ENGINES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Watson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd April 1881.
WILLIAM WATSON, of Leeds, in the County of York, Manufacturing Chemist.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS ENGINES."
My Invention consists of two cylinders of similar construction with their
respective pistons, one, or the inner end of each cylinder, being closed, and are
placed together in close proximity to each other on the same central line. When
one piston moves outwardly the other moves inwardly, being so connected by rods
and cranks together as to give motion therefrom to a fly wheel, which imparts the
required momentum and rotary motion; and the cylinders being thus arranged I
provide what I call a valve box at the closed end or foot of each cylinder, having
two valves in each, one for the admission of atmospheric air and the other for
inflammable gas.
By this means when the piston moves outwardly a required quantity of the
mixed gases passes into the cylinder through the valve box, and when the piston
has arrived at a suitable point in its course outwardly, it passes a small aperture
having a valve opening inwards) provided in the side of the cylinder, close to
which a flame is burned, and the flame being at once drawn through the aperture
by the suction of the moving piston meets with the mixed gases, an instantaneous
explosion or ignition follows, which closes the valve over this aperture the
moment the explosion takes place in the interior and thus prevents any escape of
gases.
Or for the purpose of exploding or igniting the gases in this my improved gas
engine, I when preferred apply my improvements described in my Provisional
Specification, dated 20th April 1881, No. 1723, at or near the outer end of each
cylinder, and also at the inner end means are provided for the necessary escape of
the products of explosion.
The inner end of each cylinder may be divided into compartments connected
together by means of suitable passages for the purpose of reducing the suddenness
of the explosion. The contents of these compartments are successively exploded
so as to cause the force to act more continuously on the face of the piston. For
the purpose of expelling the products of combustion from the chambers when
Price 1

page_text: preferred I arrange them so that the divisions or compartments may be closed by
the action of the piston, and the diaphragms dividing such compartments may be
substituted by movable pistons so arranged as to receive the concussion of
successive explosions, the piston rods for these working within each other
telescopically.
The outer end of each cylinder may be provided with a cover for the purpose of
retaining air within the cylinder to act as a cushion for the piston in its outward
movement.
The cylinder may be also provided with a valve for the admission of air and a
safety valve to regulate the pressure.
Instead of the compartments above named, I, when preferred to extend the time
of explosion, provide at the inner end of each cylinder a tube of scroll form, through
which the explosion travels, thus bringing its force to bear on the piston more
gradually.
IMPROVED MEANS FOR OPENING AND CLOSING HANSOM CAB AND OTHER SIMILAR CARRIAGE DOORS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Benest at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th August 1881.
"
HENRY BENEST, of Bow, in the County of Middlesex. IMPROVED MEANS FOR
OPENING AND CLOSING HANSOM CAB AND OTHER SIMILAR CARRIAGE DOORS."
The object of this Invention is to enable the driver of a vehicle similar in
construction to that commonly known as a "Hansom " to open and close the door
from his seat so as to obviate the necessity of his getting down, or as is more
commonly the practice, of the passenger having to open such doors himself.
According to this Invention I fit to the apron door or doors of the vehicle an
india rubber or other suitable spring, so as to shut it or them. I also fix to the
outside of each of the said doors a chain, cord, wire, or rod or rods, which are led
through or over pulleys and terminating within reach of the driver, so that by
pulling the same or pressing on a lever the door or doors shall be pulled open, and
upon releasing the said cord or lever they will close automatically by means of the
springs. It is obvious that the action might be reversed, the springs acting to
open the doors, and the driver closing them, but I prefer the former method, as the
lever or other contrivance would have to be fixed when it was desired to keep the
doors shut, but in the former case the driver could easily hold the doors open when
required to allow parties to enter or leave the vehicle
AN IMPROVEMENT IN APPARATUS FOR LOCKING BOTTLE MOULDS WHEREBY THE SAME ARE HELD CLOSED IN A SECURE MANNER DURING THE PROCESS OF BLOWING
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Arthur and Robert William
Smyth at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th May 1881.
WILLIAM ARTHUR, and ROBERT WILLIAM SMYTH, both of Fitzwilliam Quay, in
the County of Dublin, Ireland, Glass Bottle Manufacturers. "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN APPARATUS FOR LOCKING BOTTLE MOULDS WHEREBY THE SAME ARE HELD
CLOSED IN A SECURE MANNER DURING THE PROCESS OF BLOWING."
Our said Invention is designed to effect an improvement in apparatus or
machinery whereby bottle moulds are locked and held securely closed during the
process of blowing.
According to the method hitherto usually employed so far as we are aware of
holding bottle moulds closed during the said process, the parts or sections of same
are held together by pressure operating at the base thereof caused by levers,
actuated by the foot of the operator, and this method requiring considerable
pressure on the part of the operator, it frequently occurs that the parts or sections
of the mould exhibit a tendency to open or separate during the said process, thereby
rendering the blowing of bottles defective.
Our Invention consists in suspending a collar of peculiar construction over the
mould by means of a lever, which latter is caused to oscillate on the frame of the
machine, and is operated in such a manner that simultaneously with the closing of
the bottle mould by the method above described the said collar falls over same,
and resting on the swelled portion or conically shaped shoulder thereof, firmly
clasps the mould, locking it thus securely and preventing any separation of its
parts or sections during said process of blowing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR OBTAINMENT OF USEFUL PRODUCTS FROM WHEAT
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Alexander Marshall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th March 1881.
THOMAS ALEXANDER MARSHALL, of Kinning Park, in the County of Renfrew,
North Britain, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR OBTAINMENT
OF USEFUL PRODUCTS FROM WHEAT."
This Invention has for its object the manufacture or treatment of wheat in an
improved manner, more particularly as regards the bye-products ordinarily obtained
in the manufacture of flour for bread making. Hitherto such bye products have
not been treated or utilised in a manner to obtain from them the full usefulness
and value of which the present applicant believes them to be susceptible. Recent
improvements in the processes and machinery employed in the manufacture of
wheat appear to have had almost exclusively for their object the more perfect
separation of the flour, with the view of making bread of an extremely white and
pure quality. By the present Invention, on the other hand, it is proposed to deal
with the constituents of the wheat which have been separated froin the flour
forming part, and more particularly with the germ or embryo, which by means of
existing processes and machinery or suitable adaptations thereof can be separated
so as to be practically free, not only from the flour, but also from the bran and other
less valuable constituents. For the purpose of separating the germ in a suitable
manner and in an unbroken state, the grain is reduced in a gradual manner by
being passed through several successive pairs of rollers, the grain being merely
cracked by the first pair of rollers, and subsequently more and more crushed by the
following pairs; whilst riddling, sifting, or other suitable separating processes are
employed between the successive crushing operations. The germs or embryons are
separated before the materials are subjected to such grinding as is necessary to
produce flour, and they are consequently obtained in an entire and uninjured
condition, very advantageous for the thorough utilisation of their constituents.
Having thus separated the germs or embryons, they are by this Invention treated
for the separation of an oil from their solid or cellular matter, such oil being in its
separated state of considerable value for various useful purposes, whereas, whilst
combined with the solid constituents, it adds very little to their value as cattle-
feeding substances or the like. The oil can be obtained by various processes in use

page_text: for obtaining oil from oleaginous seeds or similar substances. For this purpose the
germs or embryons may be subjected to hydraulic pressing apparatus, with or
without the aid of heat; or they may be treated with bisulphide of carbon or other
suitable volatile solvent; or again the germs or embryons may be subjected to
distillation with the aid of steam or gases. The residue after the oil has been 5
extracted, so far as usefully practicable, can be utilised as cattle food.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS STOVES FOR HEATING PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Fletcher at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th January 1881.
THOMAS FLETCHER, F.C.S., of Warrington, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS STOVES FOR HEATING PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to that class of gas stove in which reflectors are employed
for radiating the heat from a series of ordinary illuminating gas burners, and
which burners have hitherto been arranged behind the framework of the stove so
as to be invisible, and which has resulted in great waste of heat.
Now in accordance with this Invention I utilize this waste heat by arranging
the gas burner or burners' in such a position with regard to the reflectors as to be
fully exposed and visible, whereby I utilise the direct radiated heat from the flame
itself, and obtain greater heating effect than has hitherto been obtainable.
AN IMPROVED JOINT FOR CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS OF BRACELETS, ARMLETS, SCARFSLIDES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Edward Beaver and Thomas
Terry at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th August
1881.
JAMES EDWARD BEAVER and THOMAS TERRY, both of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Manufacturers. "AN IMPROVED JOINT FOR CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS
OF BRACELETS, ARMLETS, SCARFSLIDES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES."
This Invention refers to bracelets, armlets, scarf slides, and other similar articles
of the shape known in the trade as "the Belcher," which is a form in which the
hoop or ring is a band curved in its cross section, and formed in two or more parts
jointed together.
The joints have hitherto been soldered to the meeting parts. Our Invention
consists in making them without soldering by cutting out the requisite parts for a
hinge from the band forming the article, turning those parts round into a tubular
form, and securing them by a pin, thus the joint is sunk below the outer curved
surface of the band.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF WATER CLOSETS AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE- WITH, PART OF WHICH APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER ANALOGOUS PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Booth Bryan and Alfred
Fryer at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th June
1881.
WILLIAM BOOTH BRYAN, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, and
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
ALFRED FRYER, of Wilmslow, in the County of Chester.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF WATER CLOSETS AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE-
WITH, PART OF WHICH APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER ANALOGOUS
PURPOSES."
Our Invention has reference to self-flushing or automatic water closets, and is
especially adapted to closets connected with houses of the artizan class, and to
the utilization for flushing purposes of water which would otherwise run to waste,
such as slop water, roof water, and surface water generally.
We flush such closets by means of an improved self acting tipping tank arranged
to empty itself when it becomes nearly full.
We prefer to make this tipping tank rhomboidal or nearly so in side elevation,
and we place within it a diaphragm so arranged as to increase the velocity or scour
of that portion of the water which passes between the diaphragm and the bottom
of the tank at that part in which detritus or other deposited matters would other-
wise accumulate.
The effect of this arrangement is to remove at each discharge the whole or nearly
the whole of any solids which may be introduced into the tank.
This tipping tank is also applicable to other purposes, such as urinals, sewers,
and so forth, where an intermittent flushing is required.
We prefer to fix the tipping tank close to the pan of the closet, which discharges
through a trap into the sewer.
We prefer to construct the pan of the closet in such a way that a portion of
the contents of the tipping tank during its discharge is caused to fall into the
pan from a higher level, so as to fall upon the contents of the pan and drive
them before it, while another portion enters at a later period of the discharge some-
what lower, and is directed so as to scour the sides of the pan.
In some cases we place the tipping tank directly beneath the seat of the closet.
When so arranged it takes the place of the ordinary closet pan, and discharges
through a trapped opening into the sewer, and in such cases we prefer to make the
tank so as not to discharge the whole of its contents.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELASTIC BULB SYRINGES FOR USE IN WASHING OUT THE HUMAN STOMACH
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Alexander Grant, of the City of Ottawa, in the
County of Carleton, in the Province of Ontario, in the Dominion of Canada,
for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELASTIC BULB SYRINGES FOR USE
IN WASHING OUT THE HUMAN STOMACH."
(Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Putent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Alexander Grant at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th July 1881.
JAMES ALEXANDER GRANT, of the City of Ottawa, in the County of Carleton,
in the Province of Ontario, in the Dominion of Canada. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ELASTIC BULB SYRINGES FOR USE IN WASHING OUT THE HUMAN STOMACH."
The object of this Invention is to improve elastic bulb syringes, whereby they
can be used for exhausting the contents of the human stomach and washing it
out; and it consists of an elastic bulb syringe provided with a sleeve joint con-
nection of the tubes and bulb, so that when a tube is inserted down the throat of
the patient the bulb can be instantaneously detached to allow the muscular action
of the stomach to throw off the contents through the tube; or in case of deficiency
of muscular action the bulb can be attached to the tube from either end, so as to
inject fluid into the stomach and withdraw it by suction through the inlet and
outlet valves of the bulb without removing the tube from the throat of the patient.
Also in the provision to the tube of a gag or bar sleeved on the ferruled portion
of the sleeved joint of the tube to place between the jaws of the patient when
the tube is in the throat, to cause him by compression of the jaws to hold the
syringe fixedly in his mouth.
Elastic bulb syringes as at present constructed consist of an elastic bulb having a
valved screw coupling connection with an induction and eduction tube.
In my
Invention I form the coupling with a hollow stem at one end to fit slidingly into
CD 077

page_text: a ferrule secured in the tube of the syringe, whereby the tube and bulb can be
instantaneously detached by pulling in the direction of the tube, and when
required allow the bulb to be reversed to allow either end to connect with the
ferruled portion of the tube when in the throat of the patient, so that fluid can be
injected and removed from the stomach by the force and suction operation of the
bulb without removing the tube from the throat, in cases when the muscular
action of the stomach has ceased, or is ineffective to throw off the contents.
To further improve elastic bulb syringes to adapt them for use in washing out
the human stomach I sleeve on the ferruled portion of the tube in the throat of
the patient a gag-bar or rest to place across the mouth between the jaws, whereby
the syringe will be held by the patient biting on the ferruled portion of the
tube.
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CLEANING COAL
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Bell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th November 1881.
JOHN BELL, of Wishaw, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CLEANING COAL,"
"IMPROVE-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in machinery or apparatus for
cleaning coal, has for its object to simplify the same as compared with the arrange-
ments of such machinery as are at present used.
The improved machinery or apparatus consists of a stationary table continued
throughout the length of the machine. At either end of this table a rotating roller
is placed, carried in bearings so as to be adjustable by screws. On the ends of
these rollers two endless chains are carried so that as the rollers are rotated the
chains travel continuously in one direction and parallel to each other. At suitable
distances apart the chains are connected together by scrapers placed parallel to
each other, so that as the chains are traversed the scrapers are moved continuously
over the surface of the table, they being of sufficient height to move or carry the
coal with them upon the table. The coal to be cleaned is allowed to fall on
one end of the table; and being by means of the action of the endless chains
moving the scrapers caused to travel closely to the opposite end of the table,
attendants at the sides of the machine pick out or remove the impurities from the
coal as it passes on. On arriving at the opposite end of the machine as cleaned
coal, it falls over a shoot or hopper into receptacles, such as trucks or wagons
placed there to receive it.
AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF CARTRIDGE CASES OF CAST STEEL
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Wilhelm Lorenz at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th February 1881.
WILHELM LORENZ, of Carlsruhe City, in the Grand Duchy of Baden, German
Empire. "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF CARTRIDGE CASES OF CAST STEEL."
Up to the present time metallic cartridges have only been successfully
manufactured of copper, brass, tombac, and such like metals. According to my
present Invention I am enabled to manufacture cartridge cases of cast steel on a
large scale by means of the same descriptions of machinery that are employed for
the manufacture of other metallic cartridges by cold drawing blanks of cast steel in
suitable dies in successive stages, and by annealing the blanks or partly formed
cartridge cases between each two successive stages of drawing. Cartridges of any
desired size or form may be manufactured of cast steel according to my said
Invention; the advantages of such cartridges as compared with those heretofore
made of other metals are as follows:-1, they have greater elasticity and strength
against enlargement of fracture in firing; 2, they can be re-used more frequently
without requiring to be re-sized; 3, they have greater strength for resisting
distortion when removing the spent caps, cleaning, or re-sizing; 4, the raw material
employed in their manufacture is less expensive.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO LAMPS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Spence at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th August 1881. (A communication from
abroad by August Rinklake and Carl Bolm, both of Brannschweig, in the
Empire of Germany.)
WILLIAM SPENCE, of 8, Quality Court, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO LAMPS." (A
communication from abroad by August Rinklake and Carl Bolm, both of
Brannschweig, in the Empire of Germany.)
This Invention has for its object the protection of the fittings of lamps in order
to prevent volatile oils from soaking through the joints thereof, and consists in
adapting and applying thereto an elastic band, strap, or ring of any suitable
material placed round the metallic ring, collar, or fitting of the oil vase, and is
pressed down to the joint between the said fitting and the oil vase by a cap
screwed on to the outer part of the said ring, collar, or fitting. By screwing down
the said cap the requisite degree of tightness of the joint is obtained, thereby
preventing the oil from soaking through the joints, as as is often found to be the
case for want of such protection.
In the case of oil vases which are provided with a groove, the elastic ring,
collar, or band is pressed down as required by the screw and cap on to the edge of
the groove.
The elastic ring, collar, or band may also be fastened by its own elasticity so as
to cover the joint as required, the fitting having an annular groove formed in it to
receive the said ring, collar, or band.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STAYS OR CORSETS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Davies at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th November 1881.
"
DAVID DAVIES, of 9, Aldermanbury, in the City of London, Corset Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STAYS OR CORSETS."
This Invention relates to certain improvements in stays or corsets, the object
being to strengthen the side ribs and provide against the liability thereof to
breakage, which is a great fault in stays as at present made, and at the same
time to retain such a pliability and yield of the said ribs following tho. flexion or
bending of the body of the wearer as shall increase the comfort in wearing at the
same time that the requisite strength of the parts is obtained.
In carrying the Invention into practice the outside cloth and lining of the body
of the stay or corset are cut to the required general contour or design, according to
the size of corset to be made, and the scoring for the side ribs is mado with pockets
crossing each other, that is, the pockets are made with a trunk or middle enlarged
portion with bifurcating extremities of the width of the ribs to be employed, such
extremities of the trunk portion of the pocket being from end to end diagonally
set in regard to each other. These pockets are stitched as described, and steel ribs
are then inserted therein of the requisite gauge, but crossing each other at the
waist.
There are employed preferably three of such ribs combined, as described, and
supporting each other at the middle part, but two, four, or more ribs may be used
according to the strength required in the side ribs.
Thus if
The side ribs thus formed have great supporting power at that part where
strength is most needed, that is, at the bend of tho waist, where in all existing
makes breakage occurs, and each strip of the said ribs whilst supporting the other
is capable of lateral, longitudinal, or sinuous movement, over or upon or in regard
to each other, and so rigidity is avoided at the same time that the greatest requisite
strength can be secured, whether for heavy, slight, or medium wearers.
the side ribs be too strong for a wearer one or more of the rib strips can be
removed, or if the support is not sufficient, one or more strips may be added, either
by a more multiple bifurcating pocket or by the addition of extra strips in each or
either of the separate sections of the pocket in the case of greater strength being
required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE CRANES OR HOISTS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jasper Wetter at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd September 1881. A communication
from abroad by Jean Julie Hardouin, of Nantes, France.
JASPER WETTER, of New Wandsworth, Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE
CRANES OR HOISTS." A communication from abroad by Jean Julie Hardouin, of
Nantes, France.
This Invention relates to apparatus for hoisting goods or furniture to the upper
storeys of ware-houses, dwelling-houses, and other buildings. It consists chiefly of
an inclined stand constructed in the shape of a ladder, and of a horizontal beam
secured to or supported by the ladder in such a manner that the height of the
beam over the floor can be varied to suit local requirements. The lower part of
the ladder receives the winding mechanism, while the load is attached to a rope or
chain suspended from the outer end of the horizontal lever. The rungs of the
ladder consist of iron-bolts passing right and left through the posts and forming
cores for wooden pipes. The upper end of the ladder may be provided with a
small auxiliary ladder, whose posts are fitted to the outside of the posts of the
ladder if required. The horizontal beam is attached to the ladder by a double
hook suspended from one of the rungs, and secured to a strap, which is capable of
sliding along the beam, and can be fixed by tightening the bolts. At some
distance from the first strap (towards the outer end of the beam) is a similar strap
connected with a forked tie-rod, the ends of which are hooked to one of the upper
rungs. To the inner end of the beam is secured a downward projecting eye-bolt
connected with one of the rungs by a forked tie-rod, while the outer end is armed
with a hook carrying a rope- or chain-pulley, over which the rope or chain passes to
another pulley attached to one of the rungs before it passes to the winding
mechanism. For hoisting furniture the ladder is made to lean with its upper end
against the inside of a wall directly over a window, and secured to the top of the
window by a clamp.
IMPROVEMENTS MATTERS TO FABRICS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Antonio Sansone at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th June 1881.
ANTONIO SANSONE, of Stanley Terrace, Old Trafford, in the City of Manchester,
COLOURING
IN THE APPLICATION OF
Consulting Chemist. “IMPROVEMENTS
MATTERS TO FABRICS."
To obtain spotted effects in one or more colours on fabrics of either cotton, wool,
silk, or other material, I take an insoluble powdered or granulated material, such
as sand, powdered glass, or suitable granular substance, and I impregnate the same
with a concentrated solution of an aniline or other colour or substance, then dry by
means of a stove, or it may be a water bath or otherwise.
n
I apply the granular or powdered substance when so prepared alone or mixed
with unprepared sand on the wet fabric either by dusting it on by means of a sieve
or by other suitable means, and I fix the colour by drying the fabric by natural or
artificial means; when the prepared superfluous sand or other granular substance
or powder has been shaken off the fabric, the fabric is steamed, if necessary, or
soaped or washed according to the colour employed.
The fabrics to be thus treated can be mordanted or specially prepared according
to requirements, and the colour developed by the application of the sand or other
granular substance or powder prepared as above described. Several colours can be
printed at the same time, it being only requisite to mix tho different coloured or
prepared dry powders or granular or sandy substances together, and to apply the
mixture on the fabric as above.
Patterns upon the fabrics can be previously obtained by block or otherwise
consisting of thickened mordants, and the prepared sand or other granular bodies
or powders dusted on, the colour consequently being in such case fixed on the fabric
only where the mordant has been applied; the clearing of the whites and other
operations may follow as in ordinary printing processos.
Different effects can be obtained by means of the application of these prepared
sands or other granular bodies or powders thus prepared with colours, the application
of which to parts of fabrics is resisted or discharged according to circumstances;
the same process is applicable for resisting and discharging colours in dyeing or
printing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERING BOTTLES AND SIMILAR RECEPTACLES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th August 1881. A communication
from abroad by Benjamin Lew, of Berlin, in the German Empire.
CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 28, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in
the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERING BOTTLES AND SIMILAR
RECEPTACLES." [A communication from abroad by Benjamin Lew, of Berlin, in
the German Empire.]
According to the present Invention the necks of bottles and similar receptacles
are formed with an internal single or double screw thread, at the bottom of which
is formed a flat or conical shoulder. The stopper consists of a stem with an
external head or button, and with two or more lateral studs or projections, while
the lower end is provided with a disc of cork or other suitable material, which
when the stopper is screwed with its projections into the thread of the neck, is
pressed forcibly against the seat or shoulder of the latter, so as to effect a perfect
closure. Or the stem may have a rigid disc or cone at its end which is pressed
against a cushion of cork or caoutchouc on the seat.
The stopper may be variously constructed for the above purpose, thus according
to one arrangement, the lateral projections are formed by passing a pin through a
transverse hole in the stopper, so that the ends of the pin project on each side, the
hole and pin being in a horizontal position when the neck has two screw threads,
so that each end of the pin enters one of the threads, or the bole and pin are
in a slanting position when only one thread is formed in the neck, so that each end
of the pin enters a different part of the thread, or there may be two such holes
with pins provided. For securing the cork or other disc, the stopper may either
have its lower end reduced in diameter so as to form a shoulder, the reduced part
being forced through a central hole in the cork disc, which may be secured thereon
either simply by fitting tightly, or by cementing, or the extreme end of the stem
may be slightly enlarged again so as to form a neck above it, the cork or other
material having sufficient elasticity to yield to the passage of the enlargement
when this is forced through, and to close round the neck again.
To prevent the cork disc from being injured when forcing the enlargement
through its central hole, it is by preference inserted in a die fitting its outer

page_text: circumference so as to prevent it from spreading, and having a central hole through
which the enlargement of the stem can pass.
According to another arrangement, the disc may be secured on the end of the
stem by a separate metal pin secured in the stem and having its end rivetted down
upon a washer after the-disc has been placed over it. The outer head or button of
the stopper is by preference of circular form with two opposite notches formed in
it for convenience of turning.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING PURPOSES, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Alcock at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th April 1881.
ALFRED ALCOCK, of Sheffield, in the County of York.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING PURPOSES, AND IN
APPARATUS THEREFOR."
This Invention relates to improvements in the means and apparatus for the
manufacture of gas for lighting and heating purposes.
This Invention consists in decomposing petroleum, parafine, or other mineral or
similar oil in a suitably constructed apparatus, and passing the same through a
purifier, and finally into a gasometer from which it will be discharged as required.
The oil is stored in a tank from which it flows into the decomposing apparatus.
The decomposing apparatus consists of a furnace heated by cokes or other suitable
combustible, in which said furnace is a series of pipes or chambers of cast iron,
wrought iron, fire clay, or other suitable material; the oil is passed through these
pipes or chambers, and the heat of the fire (surrounding the pipes or chambers)
decomposes the oil and forms gas, which passes off to the purifier.
The purifier is a tank containing water, oil, lime, or other similar purifying
agent, into which the decomposed oil or gas enters at or near the bottom, and
passing up through the water; oil, lime, or other similar purifying agent is rendered
fit for use.
The gas passes from the purifier to the gasometer where it is stored for use.
Suitable pipes of ordinary construction are used to convey the oil from the store
tank to the furnace, and the decomposed oil or gas to the purifier and gasometer,
and valves are employed to regulate or control the passage of the oil and gas.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR TESTING MILK
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederik Wolff at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 31st October 1881. A communication by
Burmeister and Wains Maskin-og Skibsbyggeri, a Joint Stock Company,
incorporated, of Copenhagen, Denmark.
"
FREDERIK WOLFF, of the International Patent Office, Copenhagen, Denmark,
Candidatus Philosophiæ, Patent Agent. IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR TESTING
MILK." A communication by Burmeister and Wains Maskin-og Skibsbyggeri, a
Joint Stock Company, incorporated, of Copenhagen, Denmark.
This Invention has for object improved apparatus for testing inilk, and relates to
a method of testing by means of an apparatus so constructed that the operation is
effected by centrifugal force. To this end a round disc is fixed to a vertical
rotating axis, which may conveniently be the axis of a centrifugal machine of the
kind described in the Provisional Specification relating to an application for Letters
Patent, No. 2874, dated 1 July 1881, made by me for an Invention communicated
by the said Burmeister and Wains. Maskin and Skibsbyggeri. The said disc has
parts removed at intervals, and the intermediate portions are bent so as to form
supports or bearings for the pivots of metal cylinders; each of these cylinders is
suspended by its pivots. In the cylinders are placed graduated bottles each
containing a certain quantity of the milk to be tested. When the machine is in
operation the cylinders and their contained bottles are caused to assume
horizontal or approximately horizontal attitude, but when the machine is stopped
the cylinders and bottles resume the normal or vertical position.
a
The heights of the cream layers in the bottles after rotation has stopped indicate
the quality of the contents of the bottles.
To prevent breakage of the bottles, discs of soft and elastic material, such as
caoutchouc are provided in the bottoms of the cylinders, and at the sides of the
cylinders near the bottoms are holes to prevent air resisting the putting in or taking
out of the bottles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TOBACCO PIPES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Thomas Powell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th October 1881.
DANIEL THOMAS POWELL, of 11 & 13 Saint Bride St., in the City of London.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TOBACCO PIPES."
The pipe is of any ordinary shape, and the bowl and stem may be made either
connected or in two or more pieces. There is an aperture at the bottom of the bowl
for lighting, but the pipe is filled from the top in the ordinary manner. The stem of
the pipe is drilled so as to connect (by a hole in the side of the bowl) with the bowl
at the top of the pipe instead of at the bottom as in ordinary pipes. Fitting air-
tight over the top is a cap which is affixed by a hinge & spring or other suitable
method. The pipe is lighted through the aperture at the bottom before mentioned,
and the smoke percolates through the tobacco & down the hole drilled in the side
of the pipe & then passes into the stem.
I also attach to the pipe a new mouthpiece having for its object the prevention
of "nicotine" passing into the mouth. The mouthpiece may be made of amber,
horn, bone, vulcanite, silver, or other suitable material, & is hollow. At the end
which goes into the mouth & inside the mouthpiece there is a conical-shaped shell
having a hole through it. The mouthpieco is attached to the pipe in any ordinary
manner.
The advantages possessed by this pipe are:-There is no wasto of tobacco, there
being no particle left, all being burned to ashes. The pipe is always dry, there
being no nicotine or juice. No ash can pass into the stem by reason of the "draw-
vent" being above the tobacco instead of below. Being almost entirely covered
in, ashes & sparks do not fly about when exposed to the wind, and any nicotine
which is distilled out of the smoke whilst passing through the pipe is prevented
from going into the mouth by the mouthpiece before described.
I claim as my Invention, 1st, a pipe which lights at the bottom, having the
draw-vent at the top, & 2nd, the mouthpiece constructed as described.
SHOEING HORSES AND OTHER CATTLE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George William Heaton Gervaise
Scrope-Ferrers at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
22nd August 1881.
GEORGE WILLIAM HEATON GERVAISE SCHOPE-FERRERS, of Martlesham, in the
County of Suffolk, Esquire. SHOEING HORSES AND OTHER CATTLE"
"
My Invention relates to a construction of horse shoes and mode of attaching
them so as to avoid the penetration of the hoof by nails, to allow the heels to
expand and contract naturally, and to permit of the use of material other than iron
for the "wearing shoe."
I make a casing for the hoof of ifon, steel, phosphor bronze, or other material,
which casing I call a "sock," which is jointed or subjected to an elastic adap-
tation equivalent to a joint at the quarters, and which is securely fastened by
"binders" or metal straps which take advantage of the natural slope, taper, or
glacis of the hoof, and by a screw, clamp, slot, or other fastening, and which is lined
or packed with elastic material so as to obviate jar and concussion.
The "wearing shoe" of any suitable material is attached to the "sock" and not
to the living foot of the animal, except in certain cases of abnormal shape, when
stipplementary security is desirable.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF ROLLER FOR ROLLER BLINDS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harold Otway at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th June 1881.
HAROLD OTWAY, of 45, South Lambeth Road, in the County of Surrey. "AN
IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF ROLLER FOR ROLLER BLINDS."
The object of this Invention is to construct curved rollers so that the blind may
follow the sweep of curve of the window, and is particularly adapted for roller
blinds for circular fronted carriage windows.
According to this Invention, on a rod of the desired curve I place loosely a
number of short rollers capable of revolving thereon, the ends of these rollers fit
loosely into rings, and are all connected by means of short pins passing from one
roller to the other, or otherwise suitably connected.
To the first segment of this curved roller is fixed the spring or pulley to wind
up the blind, which latter is fixed to the aforesaid short rollers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SMOOTHING MACHINES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd May 1881.
A communication from Oscar Lauge and Köhsel, of Hannover, in the Empire
of Germany.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, Proprietor of the Firm of J. Brandt and
G. W. v. Nawrocki, Patent Solicitor and Civil Engineer, of 124, Leipzigerstrasse,
Berlin, Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SMOOTHING MACHINES." A communication
from Oscar Lauge and Köhsel, of Hannover, in the Empire of Germany.
The improvements relate to mangles, smoothing or ironing tables, and such like;
and consist in the mode of moving a smoothing roller on a table by a screw with
right and left handed motion. The roller may be heated, and moves in a straight
path backwards and forwards over the table; motion is imparted to the roller by a
convenient cranked handle actuating a small wheel working in another of the
same size fastened on a longitudinal screw placed under the table, and by which
arrangement the latter is also adjusted. The roller is conveniently made of metal
and the bed of the table also.
IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR PROPULSION OR DRIVING PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Roger Purssell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th October 1881.
JOHN ROGER PURSSELL, of 135, Blackfriars Road, in the County of Surrey,
Engineer. IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR PROPULSION OR DRIVING
PURPOSES."
"
For the purposes of my Invention I fit a gas engine and a reservoir to receive
air from a pump; said air under compression being passed into and through an
apparatus for utilization as a motive power in an engine employed for propulsion
purposes.