IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SCOURING WHEAT, RICE, OR OTHER GRAIN, PART OF WHICH PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Higginbottom, Engineer, and Edward
Hutchinson, Rice and Corn Miller, both of Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, for the Invention of " IMPROVED MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR SCOURING WHEAT, RICE, OR OTHER GRAIN, PART OF WHICH
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Higginbottom
and Edward Hutchinson at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 2nd April 1875.
WC, JAMES HIGGINBOTTOM, Engincer, and EDWARD HUTCHINSON,
Rice and Corn Miller, both of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SCOURING WHEAT, RICE, OR OTHER GRAIN, PART
OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE TO EXISTING MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to simplify and improve the machinery -

page_text: cause of this being the unequal contraction and expansion of the
materials of which the plate is built up whilst under the influence of
such heat. With the object of remedying these defects, and to carry
out our Invention, we use an annular stationary, hollow casing, prefer-
ably of metal, and of a cylindrical form. The sides and periphery of
the casing being either solid or made with openings having wire cloth or
punched sheet iron or steel fastened over the same, and we make the
casing in two parts attached to each other by bolts.
In the centre of the stationary annular casing, and passing through
holes in its sides, we place a revolving shaft carried by bearings either
attached to the casing or to independent supports, such bearings being
on the outside of the casing, and the holes for the shaft in the sides of
the casing are fitted with grain tight glands.
On the revolving shaft inside the casing we fix a solid homogeneous
wheel or disc composed of emery or other sharp hard cutting substance
mixed with an adhesive composition, and solidly compressed either by
hydraulic pressure or other means, the said disc and shaft being caused
to revolve at a high velocity, and this part of our Invention is applicable
to existing bailey mills or other machines used for the purpose of
scouring wheat, rice, or other grain by using cutlier one or more of the
compressed discs or wheels, according to the construction of the
machines to which they may be applied.
In the sides or at the periphery of the hollow casing we make feed
openings to admit the wheat, rice, or other grain to be cleaned, such
feed openings being in free connection with a grain receiving hopper,
and to the periphery or side of the casing is fixed a discharging spout to
allow the scoured grain to leave the casing, the said spout being fitted
with a slide to allow of a greater area of opening, according to the
state of the grain being scoured and the amount required to be passed
through in a given time.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Higginbottom and Edward Hutchinson
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 2nd October 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc, James
HIGGINBOггOM, Engineer, and EDWARD HUTCHINSON, Rice and Corn
Miller, both of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said James Higginbottom and Edward
Hutchinson, Her special licence, that we, the said James Liggin-
bottom and Edward Hutchinson, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said James Higginbottom and
Edward Hutchinson, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should:
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therem expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, excicise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SCOURING WHEAT,
RICE, OR OTHER GRAIN, PART OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE TO EXISTING MACHINERY,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said James Higgin-
bottom and Edward Hutchinson, our executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Higginbottom and
Edward Hutchinson, do hereby declare the nature of our said In-
vention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings and to the
lations and figures of naformance mauled howe

page_text: This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of
'barley mills," more especially in relation to the variety thereof for
which Letters Patent were granted us, dated March Eleventh, 1875,
Number 908
In barley mills as ordinarily constructed there is a hollow cylindrical
casing covered on the periphery or sides with wire cloth, the casing being
continually kept revolving by means of suitable and well known gearing.
Inside this casing, on a spindle or shaft passing through the same, arc
fixed one or more "cylindrical stones," which are made to revolve at a
much greater velocity than that of the casing. Sometimes instead of
the stones a series of thin circular disks are used kept at a suitablo
distance apart by means of washers. These disks are usually com-
posed of emery and gluc, or other adhesive composition, laid over a
groundwork of wire, wood, or perforated iron plate. There are grave
disadvantages incidental to this description of barley mills.
1st. The revolving casing is costly in construction and maintenance.
2nd The stones rapidly wear down and thus become inoperative.
Stones are also liable to wear unequally, and when disks built up in the
manner above described are used the heat generated by friction against
the grain in the casing causes them to become broken up, and the emery
composition falls off in flakes, the cause of this being the unequal
expansion and contraction of the materials of which the plate is
composed whilst under the influence of such heat. With the object of
remedying these defects we have designed our Invention, which is as
follows.-
1st. We make the casing stationary instead of revolving. It is
constructed preferably of metal, and in two parts joined together by
bolts. Its sides and periphery are either solid or made with openings
having wire cloth or punched sheet iron or steel fastened over the
same.
2nd. We form the discs of solid homogeneous composition composed
of emery or other sharp hard cutting substance mixed with an adhesive
composition, and solidly compressed either by hydraulic pressure or other
means. We make no claim for any special composition, using the
ordinary improved solid cmery wheels known to the engineering trade,
and supplied to us by dealers.

page_text: 3rd We allow free entrance of grain into the scouring chamber,
doing away entirely with the usual slide or valve in the feed spout. By
this means we keep the casing continually full of grain. We place the
exit hole by preference on the periphery at a point intermediate between
the top and the bottom, and construct a slide in the said exit pipe to
regulate the discharge The whole is best understood by the accom-
panying Drawings, which are an actual representation of the machine
as we now after numberless experiments have got it to work.

page_text: 3rd. The arrangement in grain scouring machines of a vertically
revolving disk in a stationary case, the admission to which is free, but
the discharge regulated (by which means the casing is kept full of
grain) in grain scouring machines, substantially as described.
.
In witness whereof, we, the said James Higginbottom and Edward
Hutchinson, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Ninth
day of September, in the year of our Lord 1875.
JAMES HIGGINBOTTOM. (L.S.)
EDWARD HUTCHINSON. (L.S.)
Witness,
WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON,
Patent Agent,
6, Lord Street,
Liverpool.