Improvements in Machinery for Shaving, Whitening, and Buffing Skins and Leather.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for Shaving, Whitening, and Buffing
Skins and Leather.
FRANK RAWLINSON, Engineer, 21, Ash Grove, Headingley, Leeds, THOMAS
RAWLINSON, Engineer, 21, Ash Grove, Headingley, Leeds, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention consists of the adjustment of bushes on the bearings of rotary
cutter roller shaft of machinery for shaving, whitening, and buffing skins and
leather; the adjustment being effected by revolving a screw from outside of bushes,
then locking same to maintain the effected adjustment by lock nut on screw.
The 2 pairs of bushes with flanges on are fitted into frame of machine and are
held in position by cover cap and screws or bolts; one brass of each pair has
taper back and the joints of each pair when together are lower than the horizontal
centre of shaft at front side and higher on the opposite side. The adjusting
screws have squared tops & solid collars, the squared part passing through drilled
hole in cover cap and up to collar: the collar at lower side resting on machine
frame. The lower screwed part of adjusting screw having machined taper nut
wedge on same; the surface of wedge taper to the centre line of screw, bearing on
taper of brasses, while the back straight surface of wedge bears on vertical
machined surface in frame. The collar of screw by bearing on underside of cap,
and top side of frame prevents the screw from moving vertically when revolved.
The screw when revolved inside nut wedge lifts or lowers the wedge according to
the direction the screw is revolved in. The wedge is prevented from moving
horizontally by its hearing on frame; and in ascending or descending the taper
front of wedge slides on taper back of brass and moves back brass forward
horizontally and therby adjusts the wear in bushes and we adopt a lever actuated
by screw for adjusting the aforesaid bushes also we adopt a cotter for adjusting
the aforesaid bushes.
The blades on rotary cutter roller are sharpened by emery wheels. The emery
wheels are mounted to belt pulley for driving, same, and move automatically on
hollow spindle. The pulley called the drive pulley which drives the pulley
attached to emery wheels is mounted on a shaft and is connected to emery wheel
pulley by belt. The knives and emery wheles wear; and the adjustment (for
keeping emery wheels in register with knives and also for keeping drive pulley
at the fixed distance from emery wheels;) we employ is a screw arrangement
actuated by worm and worm wheel and hand wheel by hand power, which sets or
adjusts emery wheels into register with knives and at the same time gives the
same adjustment in same direction to drive pulley and shaft thus keeping the
belt, joining the two shafts, in the same tension as before adjustment was started.
The said arrangement also allows the emery wheels and pulley and hollow shaft
to remain stationery on frame sides while the drive pulley with its drive pulley
shaft are moved along frame sides so that the distance between the afore mentioned

page_text: emery wheels, pulley and hollow shaft is increased or diminished between the
drive pulley and its shaft: thus tightening or slackening the aforementioned
connecting belt which connects drive pulley and pulley on emery wheel.
The aforesaid rotary cutter roller is driven by endless belts or straps, one at
each side of machine. These belts are tightened and maintained tight by moving a
pulley which touches belts & which revolves on stud and moveable in slothole,
and the aforesaid belts are also tightened and maintained tight by pulley on stud:
the stud being connected to levers and thence to suspended weights or other weights
or spring thus giving both adjustable & automatic tightening of belts.
Dated this 24th day of October 1898,
FRANK RAWLINSON.
THOMAS RAWLINSON.
Improvements in Machinery for Shaving, Whitening, and Buffing
Skins and Leather.
FRANK RAWLINSON, 21, Ash Grove, Headingley, Leeds, Engineer, and THOMAS
RAWLINSON, 21, Ash Grove, Headingley, Leeds Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Our invention relates to improvements in machinery for shaving, whitening and
buffing skins and leather; and consists in a novel arrangement of parts, whereby
greater utility is obtained with fewer working parts.
We will now. proceed to describe our invention by the aid of the drawings
hereto annexed in which-
Fig. 1, is a side elevation of machine.
Fig. 2, a plan of same.
Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6 are views of bushes.
Fig. 7, view of belt tightening arrangement.
Fig. 8, section of Fig. 7.
Figs. 9, 10, and 11 are views respectively of weight, spring, and lever belt
tightening devices.
Fig. 12, illustration of adjustment of emery wheels relative to rotary cutter.
Fig. 13, end elevation of Fig. 12.
Fig. 14, plan of a modification for adjusting emery wheels relative to rotary
cutter.
Fig. 15, elevation of said modification.
Fig. 16, end elevation of Fig. 15.
We construct our improved adjustable bushes as shewn in Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6.
In Fig. 3 we make the four pieces comprised in the complete bushes A, with
flanges adapted to fit into frame B of machine, wedge C abuts against inclined
part at back of said bushes, said wedge C is threaded to take adjusting screw D),
by revolving said screw wedge C adjusts the inclined part of bushes A and
thus takes up wear; bushes A may be locked in position by nut E being screwed
down against cap F. Fig. 4 is a modification shewing bushes A in two pieces
with adjustable screw D), thrusting horizontally against front part of bushes.
Fig. 5 illustrates an alternative form of bushes A, in this case, we make the
bushes A in two pieces, the wedge C abutting against inclined part of bottom
piece, and screw D acting upon wedge C as in Fig. 3. The blades on rotary
cutter G are sharpened by emery wheels H which traverse across the face of
rotary cutter G in the usual manner; hitherto it has been found a difficult matter
2

page_text: to keep emery wheels H in register with knives on rotary cutter G; we overcome
this difficulty by mounting emery wheel H and their driving shaft I, so that said
emery wheels may be readily adjusted relative to the rotary cutter G by means of
a hand wheel J, worms K K worm wheels K K and screwed rods K K
revolving in bearings K' K³ K K said bearings being adapted to slide on frame
of machine.
When hand wheel J is rotated it causes bearings K7 K8 K9 K10 to slide simul-
taneously along frame B of machine and thus allows wear upon either emery
wheels H or rotary cutter G to be taken up expeditiously whilst keeping said
emery wheels and rotary cutter in constant alignment as illustrated in Figs. 2, 12
and 13.
The aforesaid emery wheels are driven by belt L from rotary shaft I, said shaft
is adjustable relative to emery wheels H by hand wheel J. Prior to carrying
out this movement we tighten up lock nuts L1 L2 L3 L+ against ends of screwed
cylinders M M in bearinos K9 K10 and then release locking levers M2 M³ which
allows rods K5 K6 to be revolved and carry in their revolution lock nuts L1 L2 L³ L+
and cylinders M M¹ free from contact with bearings K9 K. Upon rods K³ K
being revolved by hand wheel J, they draw bearings K7 K8 either backwards or
forward according to the direction of the rotation of hand wheel J, meanwhile
bearings K K10 remain stationary, thus getting the desired tension on belt L
(see Figs. 2, 12 and 13).
In Figs. 14, 15, and 16 we shew another method of accomplishing the adjust-
ment of the emery wheels H relative to rotary cutter G, and also the adjustment of
belt L in reference to emery wheels H; in this modification we employ an
additional hand wheel N on a shaft N¹ said shaft carrying worms N2 N³ engaging
with worm wheels N4 N5, said worm wheels are cast integral with screwed
nuts N N said nuts N6 N7 being shouldered against both sides of
bearings N8 N9; screwed rods N10 N1 engage with screwed nuts N6 N7
and with bearings N12 N13 rods N10 N11 carry worm wheels N14 N15
which engage with worms N16 N17 on shaft of hand wheel J. By actuating hand
wheel J bearings N8 Nº N12 N13 slide simultaneously and in unison and alignment
along frame of machine, in either a forward or backward direction relative to
rotary cutter G, or when hand wheel N is rotated hearings N8 N° may be caused
to alter their position relative to bearings N12 N13 thus tightening or slackening
belt L.
Rotary cutter G is driven by belts on each side of machine and to keep said
belts in uniform tension, we employ any of the devices shewn in Figs. 9, 10, and 11.
Figs. 7 and 8 illustrate a pulley P, freely mounted upon a stud P¹, said stud P¹
passes through a hand wheel P2 and also through a ratchet wheel P³, said hand
wheel P2 is socketted into frame B of machine; ratchet wheel P engages
with a pawl P on a stud secured to frame of machine, whilst pawl P+ is kept
in rigid contact with teeth of ratchet wheel P3 by the stress caused by the frictional
contact of belts P5 travelling in a contrary direction to the rotation of said ratchet
wheel. The direction of belts P is indicated by arrow in Fig. 7.
Figs. 9, 10, and 11 illustrate respectively a weight spring and lever arrangement
for keeping in tension belts P³.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
1. In a machine for shaving, whitening, and buffing skins and leather, the
combination of adjustable bushes A, with wedge C, screw D, nut E and cap F
substantially as illustrated and described herein.
2. In a machine for shaving, whitening, and buffing skins and leather, the
combination of rotary cutter G and emery wheels H with hand wheel J worms K
K, worm wheels K³ K*, screwed rods K5 K revolving in bearings K' K³ K K
said bearings being adjustable as herein described and illustrated in Figs. 2, 12
and 13,

page_text: 3. In a machine for shaving whitening, and buffing skins and leather the
combination of emery wheels H, with shaft I, hand wheel J, lock nuts L L L L
screwed cylinders M M³, bearings K7 K8 K9 K10, locking levers M2 M3, rods K5 K6,
and belt L as and for the purpose set forth in Figs. 2, 12, and 13.
4. In a machine for shaving, whitening, and buffing skins and leather, the com-
bination of rotary cutter G and emery wheels H, with hand wheel N on shaft N!,
worms N2 N3 engaging with worm wheels N N having nuts N N cast integral
with said wheels and being shouldered against bearings N8 N°; bearings N" N,
rods N10 N1, worm N16 N17 actuated as herein, described and illustrated in Figs. 14,
15, and 16.
5. In a machine for shaving, whitening and buffing skins and leather, a belt
tension device consisting of a pulley P' upon a stud P₁, said stud passing through
a hand wheel 12 and ratchet 13, said hand wheel P2 being socketted in frame B.
and carrying ratchet P3 engaging pawl 14, the whole adapted to put in tension
belts 1 as herein illustrated and described in Figs 7 and 8.
6. In a machine for shaving, whitening, and, buffing skins and leather, belt
tension devices having respectively a weight spring, and lever arrangement adapted
to apply tension to belts P as illustrated in Figs 9, 10, and 11 and substantially
ás herein described.
Dated this the 20th day of March 1899:
FRANK RAWLINSON.
THOMAS RAWLINSON.