IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC ENGINES PUMPS.
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter William Willans, of No. 32, Granville
Park, Blackheath, in the County of Kent, for the Invention of
D "3
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC ENGINES
PUMPS.'
AWARD AND URED
Sealed the 1st June 1875, and dated the 5th December 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter William Willans
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 5th December 1874.
I, PETER WILLIAM WILLANS, of No. 32, Granville Park, Blackheath,
in the County of Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC ENGINES AND PUMPS," to be as
follows:-
:-
.This Invention has for its object improvements in hydraulic engines
and pumps.
I construct hydraulic engines and pumps similar to the steam engines
described in the Specification of a Patent granted to me and dated the
19th day of March, 1874, No. 974, except that I form the piston valves
and ports in such manner that in each case the piston valve acts
simultaneously to open the supply and to close the exhaust and vice

page_text: versa. As in the engine to be worked by steam or other elastic fluid I
employ three cylinders ranged round the crank if a single crank be
employed, or if otherwise, so placed that their action on the crank shaft
may be similar, and the piston in one cylinder serves as the valve of
another cylinder, or in place of the pistons themselves serving as valves
they may be attached to directly actuate other separate valves.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Peter William Willans in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 4th June 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PETER
WILLIAM WILLANS, of No. 32, Granville Park, Blackheath, in the
County of Kent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Peter William Willans, Her special license
that I, the said Peter William Willans, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Peter William Willans, my
executors, 'administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN
HYDRAULIC ENGINES AND PUMPS," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Peter William Willans, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW VE that I the said Potor William Willans do hereby

page_text: is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in hydraulic engines
and pumps.
I construct hydraulic engines and pumps similar to the steam
engines described in the Specification of a Patent granted to me and
dated the Nineteenth day of March, One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-four, No. 974, except that I form the piston valves and
ports in such manner that in each case the piston valve acts
simultaneously to open the supply and to close the exhaust, and vice-
versû. As in the engine to be worked by steam or other elastic fluid I
employ three cylinders arranged round the crank if a single crank be
employed, or if otherwise, so placed that their action on the crank shaft
may be similar, and the piston in one cylinder serves as the valve of
another cylinder, or in place of the pistons themselves serving as valves
they may be attached to and directly actuate other separate valves.
In order that my said Invention may be most fully understood and
readily carried into effect I will proceed to describe the Drawings here-
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section and Figure 2 a transverse section of
an hydraulic engine or pump constructed according to my Invention
and in the manner which I prefer.
a', a³, a³, are three cylinders formed in one casting and fitted with lining
tubes of brass or other metal; a*, a*, are openings in the sides of these
cylinders communicating with the inlet 6 by which the water or liquid
enters; c³, c³, c³, are pistons working in the cylinders a', a³, a³, respectively."
The pistons are of considerable length and fit the cylinders only at their
ends where they are provided with packing rings, and between the rings
of each piston a space is enclosed within the cylinder, which space is
always in communication with the inlet b. d, d, d, are ports in the
cylinders near their inner or axle ends, and e, e, e, are passages leading
from the ports d of one cylinder to the inner end of another cylinder.
When the ports & are overlapped by the pistons the water or liquid is
able to pass from the inlet into the passages e leading to the inner ends
of the cylinders which open into the passages. On the other hand, when
the pistons uncover the ports a the water or liquid is able to return

page_text: through them so as to enter the casing ƒ (which is cast of a piece with
the cylinders a¹, a², a³) from whence there is an exit at 9.
The ends of the casing
carry the three-throw crank shaft h, which is
coupled with the pistons c², c³, c³, by the connecting rods ³, ², ³.
The water or liquid may be caused to flow through the apparatus in 5
the opposite direction to that above described.
When the apparatus is supplied with water or liquid under pressure it
works as a motive-power engine, and can be employed to drive other
mechanism. .
When the apparatus is driven by power applied to rotate its crank 1
shaft it works as a pump, and can be employed to raise water or liquid
from a lower to a higher level.
In place of arranging the three cylinders side by side they may, as is
described in the Specification of my former Patent herein-before referred
to, be placed angularly at one hundred and twenty degrees apart, and 1
then a single throw crank is used; or, as is also described in the said
Specification, they may be placed angularly at sixty degrees apart and
then a double throw crank is employed; or, as is also described in the
said Specification, in place of the pistons themselves serving as valves
they may be attached to and directly actuate other separate valves so that 2
still, as in the arrangement which the Drawing shows, the piston in one
cylinder controls the supply to another cylinder.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner of performing the same, I would have it understood that I claim
the construction of bydraulic engines and pumps, substantially as 2
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter William Willans, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Fourth day of June, in the
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-