Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Nov., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Aug.. 1898-Accepted, 5th Nov., 1898
improveшепш пешатовлари арраг
WE, ARTHUR SAMUEL NEWMAN and NEWMAN AND GUARDIA, LIMITED, both of
92, Shaftesbury Avenue, London, Manufacturers of Scientific apparatus, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to provide improved means for moving along, step
by step, the photographic film on which is formed the series of pictures used in a
kinematograph apparatus; and the improvements relate more especially to apparatus
of the kind described in the specification of a Patent granted to us, aud dated the
30th October 1896 No. 22,707.
In the apparatus described in the aforesaid specification the mechanism for moving
the photographic film along step by step consists of a lever pivotted on the free end
of an oscillating arm and provided at one end with pins adapted to take into the
feeding holes of the film, and connected at the other end to a crank-pin which imparts
a compound motion to the lever.
According to the present invention, we mount the feed pins on arms pivotted on
the free ends of oscillating levers which are drawn constantly in one direction,
(that of the motion of the film) by means of a spring. The ends of the arms carrying
the feed pins are constantly urged towards the film by means of a spring, and a crank-
pin in a crank dise or crank arm mounted on a suitably placed rotating spindle or
axle comes in contact with a lever connected with the arms carrying the feed pins,
and thereby imparts the requisite compound motion thereto; that is to say the crank-
pin turns the last mentioned lever on its fulerum in order to draw the feed pins out
of the feed holes in the film, and acts upon a shoulder or pawl like portion of the said
lever in order to move the feed pins backward to enable them to take into a fresh
pair of feed holes in the film, while the beforementioned springs act respectively to
force the feed pins into such holes and to move the feed pins and the arins and lever
connected with them forward to effect the feed forward of a picture.
The feed pins are made taper so that they quite fill the feed holes in the film
without shake, and the arrangements are such that when the feed pins have eutered
the feed holes far enough to fill the latter they are prevented from entering further
by the resistance of the film and the crank-pin then slips free of the shoulder or
pawl like portion of the acutating lever and the feed spring is thereby allowed
to act.
The above described arrangements enable the feed gear to operate truly and with
certainty notwithstanding any creeping that may have taken place of the gélatine filmn
on the celluloid backing, or any warping or shrinkage of the film or backing or wear
and tear in the feed holes.
It will be understood that the film is preferably held by any suitable clamping
mechanism while the feed pins are being transferred from one set of feed
holes to another as for example in the manner described in the beforementioned
Specification No. 22,707.
Instead of employing sprocket wheels for noving forward the film in readiness to
be acted upon by the feed pins we effect the said forward motion of the film by the

page_text: continuous rotary notion of a feed roller driven by any suitable means from the
driving axle or other rotating part of the apparatus. The coil of film, which is wound
on a suitably guided roller or spindle rests on the aforesaid feed roller, and is unwound
by the latter at or about the circumferential speed thereof, which speed is adjusted
so as to deliver the film at a rate corresponding to, or slightly in excess of, that at
which it is fed forward by the feed pins. In order to prevent the film being unwound
too fast it is delivered from the coil into a loop or curved storage receptacle made of
wire, sheet metal or other suitable material, so shaped and placed that when a certain
length of film has been delivered into it no further accumulation thereof can take
place, and the feed roller ceases to unwind film from the coil until the feed pins have
drawn some of the film out of the storage receptacle. The feed roller ceases to act
when the storage receptacle is full either by slipping against the surface of the coil
hearing on it, or by the slip of its own driving gear.
In order to prevent banging or recoil of the rapidly reciprocating parts we employ
in connection therewith a device consisting of a cylinder and piston arranged to
operate after the manner of the well known dash-pot used to prevent shock in certain
mechanism.
ינו מ
112
11007
A. S. NEWMAN.
NEWMAN & GUARDIA, LIMITED.
Per W. C. Beck, Agent,
115, Cannon Street, London, E.C.
iniprovements in Kinematograph Apparatus.
We, ARTHUR SAMUEL NEWMAN, and NEWMAN AND GUARDIA, LIMITED, both of
92, Shaftesbury Avenue, London, Manufacturers of Scientific Apparatus, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment -
The object of this invention is to provide improved means for moving along, step
by step, the photographic filin on which is formed the series of pictures used in a
kinematograph apparatus; and the improvements relate move especially to apparatus
of the kind described in the specification of a Patent granted to us, and dated the
13th October 1896, No. 22,707.
In the apparatus described in the aforesaid specification the mechanism for moving
the photographic film along, step by step, consists of a lever pivotted on the free
end of an oscillating arm, and provided at one end with pins adapted to take into the
feeding holes of the film, and connected at the other end to a crank-pin which
imparts a compound motion to the lever.
The accompanying drawings illustrate an apparatus embodying the improvements
which form the subject of the present invention.
Figure 1 is a side elevation.
Figure 2 is a front elevation.
Figure 3 is a back elevation, and
Figure 4 is a side elevation, partly in section, of a portion of the
apparatus.
Similar letters of reference relate to like parts in all the figures of the drawings.
We mount the feed pins a on arms b, which arms are pivotted on the free ends of
oscillating levers which are drawn constantly in one direction (that of the motion
of the film) by means of the coiled feed spring d. one end of which is connected
to one arm of the bracket e whilst the other end bears on one of the oscillating
C

page_text: levers c. The free ends of the arms are constantly urged towards the film by means
of the coiled spring f, one end of which is fixed whilst the other end bears against
one of the arms b. g is a crank-pin in the crank-disc h, which latter is mounted on
one end of the spindle or axis running in bearings on part of the frame ; of the
apparatus. The crank-pin g comes in contact with an arm or lever k which is formed
with or is connected at k¹ to one of the arins b as shewn, and thereby imparts the
requisite compound motion to the feed-pins a; that is to say, the crank-pin g, by
means of the actuating lever k, turns the arms b and levers c on their respective
fulera and m in order to draw the feed-pins a out of an away from the feed holes
in the film, and acts upon a shoulder or pawl-like projection of the said lever k to
raise them into such a position as to enable then to take into a fresh pair of feed-
holes in the film; while the springs f and d act respectively to force the feed-pins
into such holes and to move the arins b, with the feed-pins a, and the lever c down-
wards to effect the feeding forward of a picture.
The feed-pins a are made taper as shewn, so that they quite fill the feed-holes in
the film without shake, and the arrangements are such that, when the feed-pins a
have entered the feed-holes far enough to fill the latter, they are prevented from
entering further by the resistance of the film, and the crank-pin g then slips free of
the shoulder or pawl-like projection of the actuating lever k, and the feed-spring d
is thereby allowed to act to draw the arms b and pins a downward in order to feed the
film forward.
In order to accurately regulate the distance the feed-pins a enter the feed-holes in
the film, we sometimes employ the cam or snail n, any portion of the inclined surface
of which can be made to come in contact with the upper end of the actuating
lever k, and thereby cause the release thereof sooner or later according to the position
of the cam or snail n, which position may be varied at pleasure by means of the
handle n¹.
It will be understood that the object of making the feed-pins a taper is to secure
the stopping of all the successive perforations of the film in exactly the same place,
that is to say to effect absolutely accurate registration, the action of the taper on the
pins being to guide the perforations into their true position whether the movement
of the feed gear is exactly correct or not.
The above described arrangements enable the feed-gear to operate with the
minimum amount of wear and tear upon the feed-holes of the film, and truly and
with certainty notwithstanding any creeping that may have taken place of the
gelatine film on the celluloid hacking, or any warping or shrinkage of the film or
backing, or wear and tear in the feed-holes.
b
fixed
In order to hold or clamp the film stationary during the period of exposure, and
while the feed-pins a are being transferred from one set of feed-holes to another, we
sometimes employ the following device. o is a clamping lever one end of which is
pivotted at o' to a carriage p, which is pivotally mounted at pl in the bracket
to the frame. The clamping lever is thereby capable of being turned upward
on the pivot of out of the way when it is required to introduce a filin, and in a hori-
zontal direction on the pivot pl for the purpose of clamping. p2p are projections
which come against the stop p³ for the purpose of limiting the upward and downward
movement of the said lever o. r is a cam, mounted on the spindle s, the face of
which cam bears against the outer end of the clamping lever o during a portion of
the revolution of the said cam, thereby causing the adjustable pin o² on the lever o
to press against the hinged leaf t, and to clamp the film for a certain period of time
between the said hinged leaf and that part of the frame; surrounding the exposure
opening until the further revolution of the cam r brings the gap opposite the
end of the lever o, when the latter, and with it the film, is released. The spindle &
also carries the shutter or screen 81, and is driven by the toothed bevil gearing g
from the spindle carrying the crank-disc h, and the fly-wheel x, which receive
rotatory motion from the main driving spindle ¹ by means of a cord and grooved
pulleys as shewn, or by any other suitable or convenient means. The hinged flap t
may be turned on its hinge into the open position to facilitate the introduction of

page_text: a film, and it is held in the open or closed position by the blade spring bearing on
flat portions of the flap as shewn. But any other suitable clamping mechanism may
he employed, as for example that described in the beforementioned Specification
No. 22,707 of 1896.
Instead of employing sprocket wheels for moving forward the film in readiness
to be acted upon by the feed-pins a, we sometimes effect the said forward
motion of the film by the more or less continuous rotatory motion of a feed-
roller driven by any suitable means from the driving axle or other rotating part
of the apparatus. In the drawings this feed-roller v, with indiarubber collars v¹,
is fixed on the spindle w with which it revolves. w is a vee-pulley which is
loose on the spindle w; w² is a disc fixed on the spindle w, and w³ is a second disc
mounted on a feather on the said spindle. w' is a spring and w³ are lock nuts.
The coil of film is wound on a loose roller y, which is suitably guided as shewn, so
that whatever quantity of film is wound thereon the periphery of the said coil of
filin always rests on the indiarubber collars of the feed-roller ", and is unwound
by the said feed-roller at or about the circumferential speed thereof, which speed is
adjusted so as to deliver the film at a rate corresponding to, or slightly in excess of,
that at which it is fed forward by the feed-pins a. The roller y is preferably made
somewhat heavy in order to secure sufficient pressure of the roll of film against the
collars of the feed roller v. In order to prevent the film being unwound too fast,
it is delivered from the coil on the roller y into a loop or curved storage receptacle 3,
which is so shaped and placed that when a certain length of film has been delivered
into it no further accumulation thereof can take place, and the feed-roller v and
spindle w being driven only by the friction between the sides of the vee-pulley w¹
and the discs w and w³ cease to rotate, the resistance of the accumulated film in the
storage receptacle being sufficient to overcome the said friction, the vee-pulley
continuing to be driven loosely on the spindle w (by the belt w and pulley won
the main driving spindle x¹) without imparting motion to the spindle w.
resistance necessary to stop the spindle w may be regulated by the lock nuts w³ by
the adjustment, of which any desired pressure may be put upon the spring w and
discs w² w³. As soon as the feed-pins a having drawn some of the film out of the
storage receptacle 2, and the resistance to further movement of the film is thereby
stopped the feed-roller resumes its action as before. Instead of employing the
discs ww, spring w and lock-nuts w, the belt itself may be arranged to slip
on the vee-pulley w', or the feed roller may be caused to rotate continuously,
the peripheries of the collars v slipping against the surface of the coil of film
resting on them, when the resistance of the film due to its accumulation in the
storage receptacle is sufficient to cause such slip.
The
In order to prevent banging or recoil of the rapidly reciprocating parts actuating
the feed-pins a, we employ a form of the well known dash-pot used to prevent shock.
c is a fixed cylinder carried by a bracket from the frame j. The piston of this
cylinder is connected by its rod c² with an extension or arm e³ of one of the oscillating
levers c. By this arrangement, at the downward motion of the feed pins a the piston
of the cylinder c is forced upwards, and the air imprisoned in the upper part of
such cylinder forms a cushion and prevents hanging or recoil of the parts. The
leakage of air from the upper part of the cylinder c¹ may be regulated by a sleeve
adjustable on the outer part thereof or by a plat on the top thereof, so as to cover
or uncover small holes in the side or end of the cylinder. Or other means of
regulating the escape of air may be employed. And in order to further assist in
deadening the banging of the oscillating levers c we sometimes employ a leather or
other buffer c (Figure 3) on which one of the said levers c presses as it descends.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :-
First. In a kinematograph apparatus, mechanism for moving the photographic
film along step by step, which consists of levers pivotted on oscillating arms and

page_text: provided at their free ends with pins adapted to take into the feeding holes of the
film, an arm or lever forned with or connected to one of the feeding pin levers and
provided with a shoulder or pawl-like projection, a rotating crank pin adapted to act
upon the said arm or lever, and upon its said shoulder or piwl-like projection so as to
move the feed pins out of and away from the feed-holes in the film, and into such
a position as to enable them to take into a fresh pair of feed holes and springs
to force the feed pins into such holes and to move them so as to effect the feeding
forward of the picture, substantially as described.
Second. In a kinematograph apparatus, mechanism for moving the photographic
film along step by step, constructed and operating substantially as described.
Third. In a kinematograph apparatus in which the film is moved forward by
reciprocating pins, making such pins taper substantially as described as and for the
purposes specified.
Fourth. In a kinematograph apparatus feeding forward the film by means of
a feed roller the periphery of the acting part of which acts by friction upon the
peripheral surface of the coil of film, such feed roller being either adapted to rotate
continuously, and to slip against the surface of the coil of film or to he allowed to
slip on its own axis when the film, by reason of its accumulation in a storage
receptacle, offers sufficient resistance to further forward motion, substantially as
described.
Fifth. In a kinematograph apparatus, the combination of a rotary feed roller acting
upon the film by friction, with a loop or curved storage receptacle adapted to receive
and store the film fed forward by the said rotatory feed roller until removed there-
from by the changing or film feed mechanisin, substantially as described.
Sixth. In a kinematograph apparatus the employment of a cylinder and piston.
adapted to operate after the manner of a dash-pot for the purpose of preventing
banging or recoil of the reciprocating parts, substantially as described.
Dated this 23rd day of August 1898
A. S. NEWMAN,
NEWMAN & GUARDIA, LTD.
Per W. H. Beck, Agent,
115, Cannon Street, London, E.C.