IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT NAILS
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Maynes of 19 Anderton Street Harpurhey
Manchester in the County of Lancaster Machinist for an invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
WROUGHT NAILS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Maynes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd February 1882.
JOHN MAYNES of 19 Anderton Street Harpurhey Manchester in the County of
Lancaster Machinest. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM EMPLOYED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT NAILS."
The object of this Invention is the rapid production of wrought nails from metal
rods by a novel process of heating, compressing, the metal into form and cutting
from the bar.
The Invention may be thus described
One or more pairs of feed rollers are placed in front of the machine driven
intermittently by an arrangement of ratchet and pawl, or other equivalent.
The rod out of which the nails are to be formed has one of its ends placed
between the said rollers which as they intermittently revolve force the rod of
metal so placed between them into and through a tuyer or conical tube composed
of fire clay plumbago or other fire resisting substance into this tuyer a flame of Gas
is admitted which impinging upon the metal passing through the said tube gives
it a high temperature by the time it protrudes therefrom, this heated protruding
inetal is then acted upon in the following manner.
In suitable framing I support four revolving discs or other suitable circular
framing driven by suitable mitre gearing each of which discs carries two or more
swages or compressors and which occupy about two thirds of the circumference of
each of the said discs Also acting on these swages are fixed face cams which
when the disc are revolving cause the said swages to dwell or remain as hereinafter
described, in contact with the heated metal after which they assume their normal
position and revolve with their respective discs, these swages project beyond the
Price 61

page_text: periphery of the disc carrying them and are so arranged that when revolving each
pair of swages viz, those carried by the discs supported on vertical parallel axis
and those carried on horizontal parallel axis come opposite each other and when
the heated iron is between them take hold of the same in succession and act upon
it that by the time the series of swages have passed; the said heated metal has
been compressed so as to assume the taper form of a forged nail that is when
during the revolution of the discs, the swages are so caused to act that immediately
contact is made with the heated metal the swages by reason of the aforesaid cain
are caused to dwell or rather give a rolling compression to the heated iron their
movement whilst comprossing being governed from the point at which they are
connected to the revolving disc but immediately the segmental movement has
been accomplished the swages are carried along by the disc and the second, third
fourth or more pair of swage are successively brought to bear in like manner upon
the heated iron so that by the time the series of compressors have passed and
during the two thirds revolution of the said cylinder the heated metal will have
been formed into a perfect nail like form. Immediately the compressers have done
their work as described the nail like form on the end of the heated rod is severed
by cutters actuated by cams or other equivalent. If the nail thus produced
requires to be headed the severed piece is taken hold of by nippers or other
equivalent and placed in a position which will allow a hammer or compressor
to be brought into contact with the thick end of the nail and forın à head
thereupon.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Maynes in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 23 August
1882.
JOHN MAYNES of 19 Anderton Street, Harpurhey Manchester in the County of
Lancaster, Machinist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM EMPLOYED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT NAILS.
The object of this Invention is the rapid production of wrought nails from
Metal rods by a novel process of heating compressing the metal into form and
cutting from the bar.
The manner of carrying the Invention into practice may be described as
follows;
One or more pairs of feed rollers are placed in front of the machine driven
intermittently by an arrangement of ratchet and pawl or other equivalent. The
rod out of which the nails are to be formed has one of its ends placed between the
said rollers which as such rolls are caused intermittently to revolve force or feed
the rod of metal so placed between them into or through a tuyer or conical tube
composed of fire clay plumbage or other fire resisting substance. Into this tuyer
a flame of Gas is admitted which impinging upon the metal passing through the
said tube gives it a hot temperature by the time it protrudes therefrom-this
heated protruding metal is then acted upon in the following manner.
In suitable framing I support four rovolving discs or other suitable circular
bearings or supports which are driven by suitable mitre gearing each disc or
bearing carries two or more swages or compressors in a space represented by about
two thirds of its circumference. These swages are actuated by fixed face cams
which when the discs are revolving cause the said swages to come in contact with
the heated metal and compress it in manner as hereinafter described, after which
they assume their normal position as they revolve with their respective discs.
These swages project beyond the periphery of the disc carrying them and are so
arranged that when revolving each pair of swages videlicet those carried by the
disc supported on vertical parallel axis and those carried on horizontal parallel
axis or diagonally at right angles with each other come opposite each other and do
whilst the heated iron is between them give it a slight compression each pair in
succession so that by the time the series of swages, have passed, the th heated metal
assumes the taper form of a forged nail, that is, during the revolution of the disc
the swages are so caused to act that immediately contact is made with the heated
metal the swages by reason of the aforesaid cams are caused to dwell or rather
give a rolling compression to the heated iron their movement whilst compressing
being governed from the point at which they are connected to the revolving disc
but immediately the segmental movement has been accomplished the swages are
carried along by the disc and the second third and fourth pair of swages are
successively brought to bear in like manner upon the heated iron so that by the
time the series of compressions are finished and during the two thirds revolution
of the said cylinders the heated metal will have assumed a perfect nail like shape.
Immediately the compressors have done their work as described the projections
thus formed on the end of the heated rod is severed by cutters or shears actuated
by cams or other equivalent If the nail thus produced requires to be headed the
severed piece is gripped by a pair of jaws which first withdraws the severed piece
so as not to interfere with the continued action of the swages when tapering the

page_text: next piece the severed piece thus withdrawn is then reversed so as to bring its
thick end into forcible contact with a hammer or rigid abutment the action of
which forms a head upon the tapered hot metal which then drops from the grippers
a perfect nail. Or it may be drawn back and the head struck by any of the
usual forms of heading apparatus.
In order that the Invention may be well understood and explained in detail I
have hereunto annexed two Sheets of Drawings on which letters of reference are
marked in corresponding parts on all the figures alike. The Drawings on Sheet 1
being mado to a scale of about three inches to the foot and the Drawings on
Sheet 2, being made about half sizę.
Sheet 1, Fig 1, represents in front elevation elevation my improved Nail forging
machine, and,
Fig 2. represents a plan view of the same.
The drawings on Sheet 2. represent detail views of important parts of the
machine, for example.
Fig 3. represents the fixed cam actuating the swages as they are successively
brought into contact with the heated metal, this view shews the position of one of
the swages at the time it is being brought into contact with the metal. Fig: 4
represents the same at the time the swage is leaving the heated metal after having
completed its share of the compressing process, Fig. 5 represents a detailed view of
the swage shewing the manner it is supported in the revolving disc and acted upon
by the fixed cam and Fig: 6 represents the cam actuating the shears for cutting
off or severing the tapered nail from the heated bar.
In these Figs: a, a, is the framing of the machine so arranged that the force of
the apparatus hereinafter described giving compression and form to the heated
metal will be concentrated to one main centro theroby preventing any undue strain
whilst working, to any part of the machine. At the front of the machine a pair
of feed rollers b. b. are placed which are driven intermittently through the medium
of the ratchet pawl and eccentric gearing a shewn in detail at Fig. 18. The metal
rod A. to be acted upon has its end placed between the said rollers b which as they
are caused intermittently to revolve force or feed with each movement a length of
the rod or metal so placed between them into and through a tuyer d or conical
tube composed of fire clay or other fire resisting substance. Into this tuyer a flame
of gas is admitted by preference in a direction opposite to and against the advancing
metal, so that the heat will be most intense on that portion of the metal exposed
to the action of the swages, the rod having been heated preparatory before entering
or whilst passing through the tuyer, the heated portion of the metal rod thus
protruding from the tuyer as seon at diagram Fig: 3 is now formed into a nail by
the arrangement of swages and apparatus hereinafter described.
The framing a supports in suitable sliding brackets a' a' a' a' four revolving
discs or bearings e e e e¹, these discs or bearings are driven from the main shaft or
pulley through the medium of the mitre gearing 9. Each disc or bearing supports
a number of swages i the number shewn in the drawings being six, the disposition
of the swages being equi-distant, and occupying about two thirds of the circuin-
ference of each disc. The manner of supporting and actuating these swages are
shewn at Figs 3, 4 and 5.
Each swage i is supported in suitable bearings in their respective discs and are
constructed as seen at Fig: 5 with the swage resting on one surface of the disc and
connected on the opposite side of their journals or bearings with a crank lever
provided with a bowl fitting and running in the groove of the fixed cams / which
when the discs are revolving cause the said swages to be brought successively into
contact with the protuding end of the heated metal rod before mentioned The

page_text: discs being arranged in pairs that is the two e. e. running on parallel vertical axis
and the two ele, on parallel horizontal axis so that each pair will successively.
bring their series of swages to act simultaneously on the heated metal on opposite
sides thereof whereby such heated metal during the revolution of the discs will be
acted upon by the swages in such a manner that it will be compressed and reduced
to a tapered form. The fixed cam h is so formed that it allows the swage to pass
freely with the disc when revolving until the point is arrived at, at which the com-
pressing action takes place, this point is shewn in the drawings at Fig 3. At this
point the bowl of the swage lever enters the depressed inclined groove of the
cams h. h. which brings the opposite swagos into contact with the heated metal and
during their contact there with the swages are caused to oscillate on their central
bearing so as to give whilst compressing a rolling motion and then pass away clear
and are again governed and placed in position by the concentric groove of the
cams The disposition and arrangement of the swages are such that each pair
will slightly advance their compressing action until the heated metal assumes the
taper form of a nail the last pairs being employed more particularly for smoothing
or "plenishing" the uail, Immediately this smoothing or plenishing the taper
surfaces has been accomplished and during the remaining one third revolution of
the discs the cam ke shewn at Fig 6 of the drawings brings into action the shears
m, m. which cut the tapered portion of the heated metal from the rod in which
state it drops as a finished nail into a suitable receiver. If it is desired to head
the nails thus formed each nail is gripped at the time it is being severed from the
main rod by jaws which may swing it round into contact with a tup or other
suitable abutment whero its thick end receives a compression which forms thereon
an enlargement or head or the severed piece may be drawn back sufficiently to allow
of a head being struck by any of the usual forms of heading apparatus, In order
to prevent any undue strain or breakage to the parts of the machine whilst working
in the event of the bar of metal being acted upon by the swages when not
sufficiently heated or whilst cold the sliding bearings a supporting the discs
e, e, e¹ e¹ and driving gear are caused to yield or give a compensating movement for
any undue strain. This compensating movement of the bearings a¹ is obtained by
reason of the slide being retained or secured in their normal position whilst working
by means of the elastic buffer springs l. l. l. 1. the resistance of which to the move-
ment of the sliding bearings being sufficient for the pressure required to be exerted
by the swages when in action but in the event of the resistance to the pressure of the
swages being greater than the power of compression then the bearings yield and
allow the working to proceed without impediment.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention together with the means
I employ for carrying the same into practical effect I wish it to be understood in
conclusion that what I claim as new and as of my Invention is.
First The novel arrangement and combination of a series of swages or com-
pressors carried by revolving discs or bearings and governed in thoir action by
cams whilst such discs are revolving to be employed for giving a nail like or other
forged form to heated metal in the manner as herein substantially described set-
forth and fully illustrated in the drawings annexed.
Secondly Heating the rod of metal out of which the nails are subsequently made
in such a manner that the rod before entering the tuyer and protruding therefrom
will receive a preparatory heat and finally an intense heat while standing and being
acted upon by the compressors giving it a tapered nail like form.
Thirdly The employment of shears in combination with the before mentioned
disc so timed to act by a cam that they will sover the portion of heated metal
acted upon by the swages from the remaining portion of the rod whilst the dwell
is taking place in the action of the swages, and.
Fourthly The novel employment and use in combination with such nail forging
machine of grippers which will take hold of the nail as it is severed from the bar

page_text: and reverse or place it in position for a head or enlargement to be compressed
thereon in the manner as herein substantially described.
In witness whereof I the said John Maynes have hereunto set my hand and
seal this Twenty first day of August One thousand eight hundred and
eighty two.
Witness-
THOMAS WRIGLEY
75 Chancery Lane W.C.
JOHN MAYNES. (L.S.)