Oscillating Pump and Air Chamber for same.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Dec., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 19th Sept., 1899-Accepted, 21st Oct., 1899
[Communicated from abroad by ADOLPH GEIGER, Engineer, of 26, South Water
Street, Rochester, Newport, U.S.A.]
Oscillating Pump and Air Chamber for same.
JAMES ROBINSON HATMAKER, Gentleman, 30, St. James's Square, London, S.W.,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to a pump of new and improved construction by which
the liquid is drawn up by suction and simultaneously driven out of the pump by
positive pressure with great force; it also consists in certain details of construction
by which the pump is made strong, simple and easily adjusted to compensate for
wear, and in a new construction of air chamber to be used therewith.
The essential features of my pump are a casing having its cylinder, or sub-
stantially cylindrical main chamber, made tapering, that is very slightly
diminishing in size from front to rear, to which are snugly fitted a valve member
and a piston member, fitted to each other and dividing the cylinder into four
distinct chambers, the alternate chambers being connected in pairs by passages.
The throw of the valve member is limited to be shorter than that of the piston
member, which communicates motion to the valve member, so that at each stroke,
one pair of chambers is contracted, and the other pair expanded forming a
vacuum; the water is drawn up into the pair of expanded chambers, which are then
in communication with the inlet only, and forced out from the pair of contracted
chambers, then in communication with the outlet only. On the alternato
stroke, the size and operation of the respective pairs of chambers is reversed.
My invention will be better understood by reference to the accom-
panying drawings, hereinafter described, in which the same numerals
and letters of reference indicate the same parts in all the figures.
Figure I is a substantially vertical section of my pump on line I-I of Fig. II;
Fig. II is a vertical section substantially at right angles to the preceding, on
line II-II of Fig. I, showing the piston and valves in position at one end of the
stroke; Fig. III is the same as Fig. II showing the piston and valves in the
reverse position at the opposite end of the stroke; Fig. IV is a front elevation
of the pump cylinder with the piston and valve members removed; Fig. V is a
bottom plan view of the valve member; Fig. VI is a side elevation of the piston
member. Figs. VII to X relate particularly to the air chamber, and mechanism
for positively operating the valves from the piston; Fig. VII is a front elevation
of my pump with my peculiar air chamber in position, showing a portion of the
mechanism for operating the valves; Fig. VIII is a vertical section of the pre-
ceding, showing the special construction of my new air chamber and the mechanism
for positively operating the valves from the piston; Fig. IX is a rear elevation
of a portion of the preceding, showing the valve-plate and the lever engaging
therewith; Fig. X is a diagram from below, illustrating the movement of the
rock-arm, by the pin.
In the drawings, 1 indicates the casing or shell having the surface 2, of its

page_text: substantially cylindrical chamber, inclined slightly toward the rear to permit of
adjustment of the parts. 3 is the outlet into the discharge pipe 4, and 5-5 are
the inlets into the cylinder from the inlet pipe 6; 7-7 being ears by which the
pump may be secured in position. In the rear face 8 of the cylinder is the
Socket 9, to which is fitted the tubular hub 10 of the valve-plate 11, provided
with forwardly extending valve-wings 13-13 having their outer edges 14
expanded and slightly inclined so as to have a wide surface in close contact with
the inner surface of the cylinder. 15--15 are inlet ports through these valve
surfaces formed on each side of the wing, and 16-16 are corresponding outlet
ports formed on each side of the opposite wing. This valve-plate with attached
parts is the valve member, the wings operating as oscillating valves.
There is also a piston member, composed of a shaft 17 fitting the tubular
hub 10, to which shaft is secured the hub 18 fitting suugly a depression 19 in the
valve plate and also between the expanded inner edges 2020 of the valve-wings,
Integral with, or secured to, this hub is the piston-plate 21, and the piston
blades 22-22 whose outer edges may be expanded if desired similar to the valve
edges to make a wide, as well as close, contact with the interior of the cylinder.
These valve wings and piston blades are of the same length, so that they make
contact with the piston-plate and with the valve-plate respectively, dividing the
cylinder into four practically water-tight chambers, the parts fitting snugly. The
two chambers of each pair, A A and B B, are kept in constant connection
respectively by the passages a and b through the piston hub and shaft.
The shaft 17 has its outer end 23 squared and screw-threaded for a handle, or
oscillating motion may be communicated to the shaft by any other desired power;
motion is transmitted from the piston to the valves by friction, the various parts
of the two members being forced into frictional contact by a spring 24 strung on
the shaft and arranged in socket 25 in face-plate 26, secured to shell by
bolts 27-27, the spring being preferably held in position between washer 28
and the rubber washer 29 which may easily be removed and a thicker or thinner
one substituted to regulate the pressure of the spring and the adjustment of the
parts. Commonly the gasket 30, of rubber or other suitable material is arranged
between the face-plate and the edge of the pump shell to make the joint tight,
though this is not essential, and it will be noticed that the two rubber or elastic
gaskets just referred to are the only non-metallic parts in use in the whole pump;
that neither of these is absolutely essential, and, where used, cannot come in
contact with the liquid.
For limiting the throw of the valves so that the openings will always register,
some form of stop must be provided, which I have shown here as a pin 31,
integral with the valve-plate, engaging with slot or hole 32 in the rear wall of
the cylinder, which hole is of sufficient size to permit the proper amount of
movement.
From this description and the drawings, the mode of operation of my pump
will be easily understood. When the lever and piston are thrown toward the
right, as indicated in Fig. II, the valves, by the frictional contact, are turned in
the same direction as far as the stop will permit, at which point the left inlet 5
registers with the left valve port 15, and communication is established with
chambers B B connected by passage b. The motion of the piston continuing,
these chambers are both expanded and a vacuum created therein by which the
suction is effected. At the same time the chambers A A¹ connected by passage a
are contracted and the water contained therein forced out through the left port 16,
which in this position registers with the outlet 3. The lever being turned in
the opposite direction, the operation is reversed, the valve is turned so that right
port 15 communicates with right inlet 5; chambers A A¹ are then expanded,
drawing in the water, while chambers B B¹ into which the water at the previous
stroke had been drawn by suction, are contracted and their inlet or left port 15
being now closed, the water in them is forced out through right outlet port 16
now registering with outlet 3.

page_text: The flow from my pump is almost continuous and very powerful, and by its
construction I have done away with the use of hinged valves and their packing,
which are inconvenient and liable to disarrangement and wear. As the entire
pump is made of metal, except perhaps one or two parts which the liquid cannot
reach, the pump may be used for hot liquids or even for acids, the proper metal
being used.
Though my principles and essential features may be embodied in different
forms, yet my detail construction here shown also important, by which a strong
simple and economical pump is produced and one which is durable on account
of the means I have here shown for adjusting the parts in relation to each other
so as to compensate for wear. I have pointed out that I prefer to taper the
inner surface of the chamber, making it in the form of a truncated cone. and
correspondingly forming the edges of the valve member and the piston member
which are in close contact therewith. This makes adjustment of the parts easy
which is affected by the following construction.
It will be seen that between the end of the shaft and the tubular hub in which
it fits is left a space 33, and also a space 34, between the end of the shaft-hub 18
and the inner surface of the depression 19, that the two plates may be adjusted
toward each other, as the ends of the wings and blades become worn, which is
done by forcing in plate 35 against hub 10 by turning in set-screw 36, provided
with lock-nut 37 and covered by cap 38. A space is left between valve-plate
and rear wall 8, so that as edges of valve-wings and piston blades become worn
on side wall 2, all the movable parts may be set toward rear of cylinder, screw 36
being turned back, and a strong spring, or larger washer 29, being substituted if
necessary. As the cylinder tapers toward the rear, the movable parts fit more
snugly and the wear is compensated for. By the use of valve-plate and piston-
plate, to which their respective wings and blades may be secured by bolts if
desired, the necessity of finishing carefully the front and rear faces of the cylinder
is overcome, and only the annular side wall 2 needs to be finished or machined."
In the first six figures heretofore referred to, I have described a frictional
connection between piston and valve members. For this may be substituted a
positive connection such as is illustrated in Figs. VII to X. On the main lever
or handle 50 is mounted a pin 51 arranged in socket 52 and provided with cross
piece or shoulder 53 by which it is forced inwardly through the medium of the
spring 54.
A rock-arm 55 of peculiar construction is secured on one end of the
rock shaft 56, to the other end of which, within the cylinder, is secured the
lever 57 engaging with the valve-plate 11 by means of the pin 58 and studs or
guides 59 with which said pin 58 makes sliding engagement. As the rock-arm
is alternately rocked from one side to the other, by means of the engagement
of the pin 51 with its alternate ends, a positive motion for a certain distance is
communicated to the sliding valves, so that the stop 31 may be omitted if desired,
though I prefer to retain it, as shown in Fig. VIII. Screw 60 is provided to
afford access to this rear portion of the cylinder.
The operation of the pin in engagement with the rock-arm is as follows: This
pin being forced inwardly by means of the spring engages with one end of the
rock-arm when the lever is in or near its extreme position, the right hand position
as shown in Fig. VII, and as it moves from right to left the pin rides along said
end from point to corner, and during that time rocks the rock-arm toward
the left; when the pin has reached the corner v, said arm has been rocked
sufficiently to move valves to the proper position; the pin then slips over corner v
on to the upper edge of the arm, ceases to rock said arm, and presently slips into
contact with the curved front face W of the rock-arm (at or just before its
center) along which it rides, the spring being compressed, till it reaches the
point, over which it springs making engagement with the left end, along which
it rides from a point to corner y, on the reverse stroke of the lever, and the
described operation is repeated in the reverse direction, rocking the arm back
again to the position shown in Fig. VII.
.

page_text: While frictional contact in this construction between the parts of the valve
member and the piston member is not necessary, yet these must be held in close
contact that the pump may be operative and the various chambers sufficiently air
and water tight. This is effected by a free ring 61 arranged on the shaft between
an integral shoulder 62 and the outside of the piston-plate 21; when the parts
have been adjusted, the ring is clamped in position by a set-screw 63. Supple-
mentary shoulders 80 may also be formed in interior of tubular bearing to limit
outward movement of piston member, &c. The bearing is made tight with
packing and usual follower 64 and screw cap 65.
For use with my pump I have invented an air-chamber of the construction best
shown in Fig. VIII, in which 66 indicates the air chamber secured to top of
pump by bolts 67-67 and communicating with the outlet thereof through
mouths 68-68 of channels 69-69. The essential feature of my air-chamber, are
these channels 69, one or more, by which the water is conducted nearly to the
top of the chamber, and undesirable friction with the water flowing out through
discharge 70 is avoided. 71 is vent to reach the interior of air-chamber, closed
by screw plug, when pump is operating, and 72 is a check-valve in case of back
pressure
Dated this 21st day of December 1898
JAMES ROBINSON HATMAKER,
Applicant.
Oscillating Pump and Air Chamber for same.
JAMES ROBINSON HATMAKER, Gentleman, 30, St. James's Square, London, S.W.,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:―
My invention relates to a pump of new and improved construction by which
the liquid is drawn up by suction and simultaneously driven out of the pump by
positive pressure with great force; it also consists in certain details of construction
by which the pump is made strong, simple, and easily adjusted to compensate for
wear, and in a new construction of air chamber to be used therewith.
The essential features of my pump are a casing having its cylinder, or sub-
stantially cylindrical main chamber, made tapering, that is very slightly
diminishing in size from front to rear, to which are snugly fitted a valve member
and a piston member, fitted to each other and dividing the cylinder into four
distinct chambers, the alternate chambers being connected in pairs by passages.
The throw of the valve member is limited to be shorter than that of the piston
member, which communicates motion to the valve member, so that at each stroke
one pair of chambers is contracted, and the other pair expanded forming
vacuum the water is drawn up into the pair of expanded chambers, which are then
in communication with the inlet only, and forced out from the pair of contracted
chambers, then in communication with the outlet only. On the alternate
stroke, the size and operation of the respective pairs of chambers is reversed.
a
My invention will be better understood by reference to the drawings, which
were filed with my Provisional Specification hereinafter described, in which the
same numerals and letters of reference indicate the same parts in all the figures.
Figure I is a substantially vertical section of my pump on line I-I of Figure II:
Fig. II is a vertical section substantially at right angles to the preceding, on
line II-II of Fig. 1, showing the piston and valves in position at one end of the

page_text: stroke; Fig. III is the same as Fig. II showing the piston and valves in the
reverse position at the opposite end of the stroke; Fig. IV is a front elevation
of the pump cylinder with the piston and valve members removed; Fig. V is a
bottom plan view of the valve member; Fig. VI is a side elevation of the piston
member. Figs. VII to X relate particularly to the air chamber, and mechanism
for positively operating the valves from the piston; Fig. VII is a front elevation
of my pump with my peculiar air chamber in position, showing a portion of the
mechanism for operating the valves; Fig. VIII is a vertical section of the pre-
ceding, showing the special construction of my new air chamber and the mechanism
for positively operating the valves from the piston; Fig. IX is a rear elevation
of a portion of the preceding, showing the valve-plate and the lever engaging
therewith; Fig. X is a diagram from below, illustrating the movement of the
rock-arm, by the pin.
In the drawings, 1 indicates the casing or shell having the surface 2 of its
substantially cylindrical chamber, inclined slightly toward the rear to permit of
adjustment of the parts. 3 is the outlet into the discharge pipe 4, and 5-5 are
the inlets into the cylinder from the inlet pipe 6; 7-7 being ears by which the
pump may be secured in position. In the rear face 8 of the cylinder is the
socket 9, to which is fitted the tubular hub 10 of the valve-plate 11, provided
with forwardly extending valve-wings 13-13 having their outer edges 14
expanded and slightly inclined so as to have a wide surface in close contact with
the inner surface of the cylinder. 15-15 are inlet ports through these valve
surfaces formed on each side of the wing, and 16-16 are corresponding outlet
ports formed on each side of the opposite wing. This valve-plate with attached
parts is the valve member, the wings operating as oscillating valves.
There is also a piston member, composed of a shaft 17 fitting the tubular
hub 10, to which shaft is secured the hub 18 fitting snugly a depression 19 in the
valve plate and also between the expanded inner edges 20-20 of the valve-wings,
Integral with, or secured to, this hub is the piston-plate 21, and the piston
blades 22-22 whose outer edges may be expanded if desired similar to the valve
edges to make a wide, as well as close, contact with the interior of the cylinder.
These valve wings and piston blades are of the same length, so that they make
contact with the piston-plate and with the valve-plate respectively, dividing the
cylinder into four practically water-tight chambers, the parts fitting snugly. The
two chambers of each pair, A A and B B¹, are kept in constant connection
respectively by the passages a and b through the piston hub and shaft.
The shaft 17 has its outer end 23 squared and screw-threaded for a handle, or
oscillating motion may be communicated to the shaft by any other desired power;
motion is transmitted from the piston to the valves by friction, the various parts
of the two members being forced into frictional contact by a spring 24 strung on
the shaft and arranged in socket 25 in face-plate 26, secured to shell by
bolts 27-27, the spring being preferably held in position between washer 28
and the rubber washer 29 which may easily be removed and a thicker or thinner
one substituted to regulate the pressure of the spring and the adjustment of the
parts. Commonly the gasket 30, of rubber or other suitable material is arranged
between the face-plate and the edge of the pump shell to make the joint tight,
though this is not essential, and it will be noticed that the two rubber or elastic
gaskets just referred to are the only non-metallic parts in use in the whole pump;
that neither of these is absolutely essential, and, where used, cannot come in
contact with the liquid.
For limiting the throw of the valves so that the openings will always register,
some form of stop must be provided, which I have shown here as a pin 31,
integral with the valve-plate, engaging with slot or hole 32 in the rear wall of
the cylinder, which hole is of sufficient size to permit the proper amount of
movement.
From this description and the drawings, the mode of operation of my pump
will be easily understood. When the lever and piston are thrown toward the

page_text: right, as indicated in Fig. II, the valves, by the frictional contact, are turned in
the same direction as far as the stop will permit, at which point the left inlet 5
registers with the left valve port 15, and communication is established with
chambers B B¹ connected by passage b. The motion of the piston continuing,
these chambers are both expanded and a vacuum created therein by which the
suction is effected. At the same time the chambers A A¹ connected by passage a
are contracted and the water contained therein forced out through the left port 16,
which in this position registers with the outlet 3. The lever being turned in
the opposite direction, the operation is reversed, the valve is turned so that right
port 15 communicates with right inlet 5; chambers A A¹ are then expanded,
drawing in the water, while chambers B B into which the water at the previous
stroke had been drawn by suction, are contracted and their inlet or left port 15
being now closed, the water in them is forced out through right outlet port 16
now registering with outlet 3.
The flow from my pump is almost continuous and very powerful, and by its
construction I have done away with the use of hinged valves and their packing,
which are inconvenient and liable to disarrangement and wear. As the entire
pump is made of metal, except perhaps one or two parts which the liquid cannot
reach, the pump may be used for hot liquids or even for acids, the proper metal
being used.
Though my principles and essential features may be embodied in different
forms, yet my detail construction here shown is also important, by which a strong,
simple and economical pump is produced, and one which is durabie on account
of the means I have here shown for adjusting the parts in relation to each other
so as to compensate for wear. I have pointed out that I prefer to taper the
inner surface of the chamber, making it in the form of a truncated cone. and
correspondingly forming the edges of the valve member and the piston member
which are in close contact therewith. This makes adjustment of the parts easy
which is affected by the following construction.
It will be seen that between the end of the shaft and the tubular hub in which
it fits is left a space 33, and also a space 34, between the end of the shaft-hub 18
and the inner surface of the depression 19, that the two plates may be adjusted
toward each other, as the ends of the wings and blades become worn, which is
done by forcing in plate 35 against hub 10 by turning in set-screw 36, provided
with lock-nut 37 and covered by cap 38. A space is left between valve-plate
and rear wall S. so that as edges of valve-wings and piston blades become worn
on side wall 2. all the movable parts may be set toward rear of cylinder, screw 36
being turned back, and a strong spring, or larger washer 29, being substituted if
necessary. As the cylinder tapers toward the rear, the movable parts fit more
snugly and the wear is compensated for. By the use of valve-plate and piston-
plate, to which their respective wings and blades may be secured by bolts if
desired, the necessity of finishing carefully the front and rear faces of the cylinder
is overcome, and only the annular side wall 2 needs to be finished or "machined."
In the first six figures heretofore referred to. I have described a frictional
connection between piston and valve members. For this may be substituted a
positive connection such as is illustrated in Figs. VII to X. On the main lever
or handle 50 is mounted a pin 51 arranged in socket 52 and provided with cross
piece or shoulder 53 by which it is forced inwardly through the medium of the
spring 54. A rock-arm 55 of peculiar construction is secured on one end of the
rock shaft 56, to the other end of which, within the cylinder, is secured the
lever 57 engaging with the valve-plate 11 by means of the pin 58 and studs or
guides 59 with which said pin 58 makes sliding engagement. As the rock-arm
is alternately rocked from one side to the other, by means of the engagement
of the pin 51 with its alternate ends, a positive motion for a certain distance is
communicated to the sliding valves, so that the stop 31 may be omitted if desired,
though I prefer to retain it, as shown in Fig. VIII. Screw 60 is provided to
afford access to this rear portion of the cylinder,

page_text: The operation of the pin in engagement with the rock-arm is as follows: This
pin being forced inwardly by means of the spring engages with one end of the
rock-arm when the lever is in or near its extreme position, the right hand position
as shown in Fig. VII, and as it moves from right to left the pin rides along said
end from point u to corner v, and during that time rocks the rock-arm toward
the left; when the pin has reached the corner v, said arm has been rocked
sufficiently to move valves to the proper position; the pin then slips over corner v
on to the upper edge of the arm, ceases to rock said arm, and presently slips into
contact with the curved front face W of the rock-arm (at or just before its
center) along which it rides, the spring being compressed, till it reaches the
point x, over which it springs making engagement with the left end, along which
it rides from a point to corner y, on the reverse stroke of the lever, and the
described operation is repeated in the reverse direction, rocking the arm back
again to the position shown in Fig. VII.
While frictional contact in this construction between the parts of the valve
member and the piston member is not necessary, yet these must be held in close
contact that the pump may be operative and the various chambers sufficiently air
and water tight. This is effected by a free ring G1 arranged on the shaft between
an integral shoulder 62 and the outside of the piston-plate 21; when the parts
have been adjusted, the ring is clamped in position by a set-screw 63. Supple-
mentary shoulders 80 may also be formed in interior of tubular bearing to limit
outward movement of piston member, &c. The bearing is made tight with
packing and usual follower 64 and screw cap 65.
For use with my pump I have invented an air-chamber of the construction best
shown in Fig. VIII, in which 66 indicates the air chamber secured to top of
pump by bolts 67–67 and communicating with the outlet thereof through
mouths 68-68 of channels 69-69. The essential feature of my air-chamber, are
these channels 69, one or more, by which the water is conducted nearly to the
top of the chamber, and undesirable friction with the water flowing out through
discharge 70 is avoided. 71 is vent to reach the interior of air-chamber, closed
by screw plug, when pump is operating, and 72 is a check-valve in case of back
pressure
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. In an oscillating pump a valve-member of the general construction described.
2. In an oscillating pump a piston-member of the general construction
described.
3. In combination in an oscillating pump a shell having a slightly tapering
cylindrical chamber, a piston-member and a valve-member fitting into each other
and into said chamber and forming with the circular tapering side-wall thereof
four interior working compartments, and a spring for forcing the piston and
valve members into frictional connection.
4. In combination in an oscillating pump a shell having a slightly tapering
cylindrical chamber, a piston member and a valve-member fitting into each other
and into said chamber and forming with the circular tapering side-wall thereof
four interior working compartments, and the mechanism shown for positively
operating the valve-member.
5. In combination in an oscillating pump, a shell having a cylindrical chamber
slightly tapering from front to rear, an outlet and inlet openings and a cylindrical
socket formed in the rear-wall thereof; a valve-member fitted to said chamber
and having a hollow hub fitting said socket, an integral valve-plate and integral
wings having expanded edges and ports in said expanded edges on both sides of
said wings and a stop on the back face of said valve-plate engaging with a slot
in the rear wall of said chamber; a piston-member fitted to said chamber and to
said valve-member, and having a shaft, a hub secured thereon, an integral piston-

page_text: plate and piston blades and having a passage through said shaft leading from
each side of one blade to the opposite side of the other; a face-plate for said
cylindrical chamber formed with a tubular socket, and a coiled spring in said
socket and strung on said shaft to force said piston-member into frictional
connection with said valve-member substantially as described.
6. In combination in an oscillating pump, a shell having a cylindrical chamber
slightly tapering from front to rear, an outlet and inlet openings and a cylindrical
socket formed in the rear wall thereof; a valve-member fitted to said chamber
and having a hollow hub fitting said socket, an integral valve-plate and integral
wings having expanded edges and ports in said expanded edges on both sides of
said wings, and a stop on the back face of said valve-plate engaging with a slot
in the rear wall of said chamber; a piston-member fitted to said chamber and to
said valve-member and having a shaft, a hub secured thereon, an integral piston-
plate and piston blades and having a passage through said shaft leading from each
side of one blade to the opposite side of the other; a face-plate for said cylindrical
chamber, and a positive mechanism for actuating said valve-member, substantially
as described.
7. For a pump an air chamber of the general construction described.
Dated this 19th day of September 1899.
JAMES ROBINSON HATMAKER,
Applicant.