IMPROVEMENTS IN ARMOUR-PLATED SHIPS, FORTS, GUN CARRIAGES, AND WORKS OF DEFENCE, AND IN FASTENINGS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Lungley, of Deptford, in the County of Kent,
Shipbuilder, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ARMOUR-PLATED
SHIPS, FORTS, GUN CARRIAGES, AND WORKS OF DEFENCE, AND IN FASTENINGS
TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN,"
Sealed the 28th July 1865, and dated the 2nd February 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Lungley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd February 1865.
I, CHARLES LUNGLEY, of Deptford, in the County of Kent, Shipbuilder, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ARMOUR-
PLATED SHIPS, FORTS, GUN CARRIAGES, AND WORKS OF DEFENCE, AND IN FASTENINGS
TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
I use as backing to the protecting plating bars of iron, which may be rolled
or forged of dimensions sufficient to be punched or drilled through for fastening
with bolts to the frame or backing of the ships, forts, or other structures.
The bars may then be fitted in with wood, or such other suitable substance
for ships or forts as may be found desirable, and in the case of forts I make
the frames and stays of this or similar description of bars so as to be strong
enough to admit much larger fastenings than heretofore. The object of this
plan is to enable the fastenings to be equal to the thickness and strength of
the protecting armour parts. The connection in this manner will enable
them to be fastened edgeways, although the bars may be wider or deeper, and
they may also be rolled or forged thicker where fastenings go through them,

page_text: so that they may be drilled if thought advisable. I also make the bars in
two or more parts so that they may be secured together by rivets or bolts,
clasping studs, or fastenings in ships or forts. The iron may be rolled thinner
in the middle so as to make it as light as possible; this iron I propose to
apply to strengthening such parts of the fortifications as may require it, such
as diagonal, vertical, or longitudinal ribs and stays, and also to gun carriages.
My fastenings are in the form of bolts, which I make hollow with a conical
part at the head or outer end, the inner end in one case I upset by opening
out so as to form a conical part in the inside and clinch it over. And also in
some cases I form a screw with a fine thread in the bolt and double nuts.
In other cases I slot out a a keyhole with a long slot, so that in the driving
in with a shot or otherwise the key shall not be started in with the bolt; in
this case I have means of keeping the key from dropping down by a
shoulder and otherwise. In the cases of forts I put the bolts through and
clinch in the same way as the shorter ones in ships. In some cases I put
an inner bolt to fit the cone of the outer one, and then fasten such inner
one with the same means as the outer one, care being taken that the head
is kept inside the outer one.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Lungley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
2nd August 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
LUNGLEY, of Deptford, in the County of Kent, Shipbuilder, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her beirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Charles Lungley, Her special licence that I, the said
Charles Lungley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Charles Lungley, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, au Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ARMOUR-PLATED SHIPS, FORTS, GUN CARRIAGES, AND WORKS OF
DEFENCE, AND IN FASTENINGS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Charles Lungley, my executors or adminis-

page_text: trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Lungley, do hereby declare
the nature of iny said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, referchce being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
that is to say :-
I use as backing to the protecting plating bars of iron, which inay be rolled
or forged of dimensions sufficient to be punched or drilled through for fastening
with bolts to the frame, or backing of the ships, forts, or other structures.
The bars may
then be filled in with wood, or such other suitable substance
for ships or forts as may be found desirable, and in the case of forts I inake
the frames and stays of this or similar description of bars so as to be strong
enough to admit much larger fastenings than heretofore. The object of this
plan is to enable the fastenings to be equal to the thickness and strength of
the protecting armour parts. The connection in this manner will enable the
bars to be fastened edgeways, although they may be wider or deeper, and
they may also be rolled or forged thicker where fastenings go through them,
so that they may be drilled if thought advisable. I also make the bars in
two or more parts, so that they may be secured together by rivets or bolts,
clasping studs or fastenings in ships or forts. The iron may be rolled thinner
in the middle so as to make it as light as possible; this iron I propose to
apply to strengthening such parts of the fortifications as may require it, such
as diagonal, vertical, or longitudinal ribs and stays, and also to gun carriages.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a sectional elevation of a portion
of a ship's side constructed with bars of iron, as before described, as a
backing to the protecting plating; Figure 2 is an external elevation, with part
of the protecting plating removed to show the iron bars. A is the inner skin of
the ship, and B the protecting or armour plating; C, C, are the backing bars
of iron, the spaces between which are filled in with wood D. The bars C, C,
are placed edgways, and are rolled or forged thicker as shown at E, E, where
the bolts F, F, which secure the plating B, to the skin A, go through them.
Figure 3 is a section elevation, and Figure 4 an external view, with the pro-
tecting plating removed, of a similar portion of a ship's side to that shewn in
Figures 1 and 2, and with the bars C, C, made in two parts or halves secured
to each other by rivets or other fastenings, a, a. My fastenings are in the form

page_text: of bolts, which I make hollow, with a conical part at the head or outer end;
Figures 5 and 6 represent my hollow bolts G, G, applied to securing plating
to a ship's side, the inner ends in this case being secured by nuts as shown;
the object of forming the bolts hollow is to enable similar bolts H, H, for
fastening sheathing I over the armour plating to be passed through them.
In some cases I upset the inner ends of the bolts G, G, by opening
them out as represented in Figure 7 so as to form a conical part in the inside,
and I clinch the open end over; also in some cases I form a screw with
a fine thread on the bolt, and use double nuts. In some cases also I slot out
a keyhole with a long slot as seen a J, Figure 8, so that in the driving in
with a shot or otherwise the key shall not be started in with the bolt; in this
case I prevent the key dropping down by a shoulder K, or otherwise. In the
cases of forts I put the bolts through, and clinch in the same way as the shorter
ones in ships, as described with reference to Figure 7. In some cases I put
an inner bolt to fit the cone of the outer one as represented in Figure 9, and
I then fasten such inner bolt with a nut or the same means as the outer one,
care being taken that the head of the inner bolt is kept inside the outer one.
In some cases I form the bolts with a twist or long screw at the inner end as
represented at Figure 10, to secure the parts of ships, forts, and similar struc-
tures. These bolts may be either solid or hollow.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim as my "Improve-
ments in Armour-plated Ships, Forts, Gun Carriages and Works of Defenc³,
and in Fastenings to be employed therein, "-
First, the employment of bars made with enlargements or swells at the
parts where the fastenings are to be received, substantially as herein-before
described and represented in Figures 1 to 4 of the accompanying rawings.
Second, forming bolts hollow, substantially as and for the purpose herein
before described and represented in Figures 5,6,7, and 9 of the accompanying
Drawings.
In witness whereof, 1, the said Charles Lungley, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Second day of August, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-five.
CHARLES LUNGLEY. (L.S.)