IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL TEETH. AND IN THE BEDS AND PALATES FOR TEETH
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Fellows Harrington; of Ednam House, Ryde,
Isle of Wight,, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF ARTIFICIAL TEETH. AND IN THE BEDS AND PALATES FOR TEETH."
Sealed the 20th August 1'858, and dated the 9th March 1858..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Fellows Harrington
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents; with his Petition, on
the 9th March 1858.
I, GEORGE FELLOWS, HARRINGTON,' of Ednam House, Ryde, Isle of Wight,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL TEETH, AND IN THE BEDS AND PALATES FOR TEETH,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
artificial teeth, and in the beds' and palates for teeth. The mineral teeth
hitherto used have 'either been what are called "tube teeth" or "flat teeth;"
tube teeth are fastened by means of pins or pivots soldered to the bed or
palate, passing through the tubes in the teeth and secured by means of cement,
or silk;, flat teeth have been made with two or more pins or bits of metal,,
generally platina, inserted in them while the teeth are being made,. which
bits of metal are soldered or rivetted, or both, to a pin or plate, and then

page_text: soldered to the bed or palate, as the case may be; and such teeth mainly
depend for their security on the strength of the bits of metal, except such
stay as the base of the tooth may receive from resting on the gum or the
plate which fits the gum; taking a side view of such teeth, they appear
1
The teeth I use are flat teeth, but they differ from those heretofore in use,
inasmuch as, instead of the mineral forming the base of the back of the tooth
being formed in the shape of a part of a circle down to the outer edge of
the tooth; it is formed with an angular notch, thus,
which notch fitting
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into a metal base prevents its slipping off, and takes the whole of the
force exerted on the point of the tooth towards its base, by which means it is
only necessary to have one metal pin made in the tooth, and the metal pin
when rivetted to the palate or bed as only to resist such pressure as may
tend to force the tooth from the palate or bed in a line at right angles with the
base thereof.
The next part of my Invention consists of an improved mode of forming
moulds for casting the beds and palates for artificial teeth in aluminum or any
other suitable metal. For this purpose I take a mould of the mouth or part
thereof in the usual way; I obtain a model therefrom in plaster of Paris,
mixed with sand and water; then I adjust mineral teeth to such model, and
form a beeswax pattern for the metal bed or palate on it, attach the mineral
teeth to it in their proper place, and finish it as near as possible to the form
and thickness required. I then attach cones of wax to the bed or palate, so as
to form patterns for holes to pour the melted metal in, and also for the escape
of the air. I remove the teeth from the wax pattern, and place the modél
with the wax pattern attached, in an iron box open at the top so that the
large parts of the wax cones may be uppermost; I then pour plaster of Paris
mixed with sand and water into the iron box, so as to embed the whole of the
model and wax pattern except the base of the wax cones. After the plaster
becomes set I heat the whole sufficiently hot to melt and burn out the wax,
and while hot I pour the melted metal into the cavity produced by burning
out the wax. When cold I remove the plaster and take therefrom a palate
or bed of metal ready to receive the teeth without further alteration, and be
finished off, when it is ready for use.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Fellows Harrington in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 2nd September 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
FELLOWS HARRINGTON, of Ednam House, Ryde, Isle of Wight, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight bundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
George Fellows Harrington, Her special licence that I, the said George
Fellows Harrington, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said George Fellows Harrington, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great'
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL TEETH, AND IN THE BEDS
AND PALATES FOR TEETH," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said George Fellows Harrington, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and scals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed; and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Fellows Harrington, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the-
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
artificial teeth, and in the beds and palates for teeth. The mineral teeth
hitherto used have been either what are called "tube teeth" or "flat teeth."
Tube teeth are fastened by means of pins or pivots, soldered to the bed or
palate, passing through the tubes in the teeth and secured by means of cement
or silk.
Flat teeth have been made with two or more pins or bits of metal,
5 generally platina, inserted in them while the teeth are being made, which bits
of metal are soldered or rivetted, or both, to a pin or plate, and then soldered

page_text: base of the tooth may receive from resting on the gum, or the plate which
fits the gum; taking a side view of such teeth they appear thus,
The teeth I use are flat teeth, but they differ from those heretofore in
use, inasmuch as, instead of the mineral forming the base of the back of the
tooth being formed in the shape of a part of a circle down to the outer edge
which notch, fitting
of the tooth, it is formed with an angular notch, thus,
A
into a metal base, prevents its slipping off, and takes the whole of the force
exerted. on the point of the tooth towards its base, by which means it is
only necessary to have one metal pin or blade made in the tooth; and the
metal pin or blade when rivetted to the palate or bed has only to resist such
outward pressure as may tend to force the tooth from the palate or bed.
The next part of my Invention consists of an improved mode of forming
moulds for casting the beds and palates for artificial teeth in any suitable
metal, and also in casting the beds and palates for artificial teeth in cast
aluminium. For the purpose of forming the moulds I take a mould of the
mouth or part thereof in the usual way; I obtain a model therefrom in plaster
of Paris mixed with sand and water; then I adjust mineral teeth to such
model, and form a beeswax pattern for the metal bed or palate on it, attach the
mineral teeth to it in their proper place, and finish it as near as possible to
the form and thickness required; I then attach cones of wax to the bed
or palate, so as to form patterns for holes to pour the melted metal in, and
also for the escape of the air. I remove the teeth from the wax pattern, and
place the model with the wax pattern attached in an iron box, open at the top,
so that the large parts of the wax cones may be uppermost; I then pour plaster
of Paris mixed with sand and water (or other suitable mixture which will set
hard and bear heating sufficiently to burn out the wax pattern) into the iron
box so as to embed the whole of the model and wax pattern except the base of
the wax cones. After the plaster becomes set I heat the whole sufficiently
hot to melt and burn out the wax, and while hot I pour the melted metal into
the cavity produced by burning out the wax. And in order to shake the
melted metal into, every part of the mould, the mould is kept agitated while
the melted metal is being poured in by continually hammering the iron box

page_text: in which the mould is formed until the metal comes upon a level in both
When cold I remove the plaster, and take therefrom a palate or bed
of metal ready to receive the teeth and be finished off, when it is ready
for use.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that what I claim is,-
Firstly, the making artificial flat mineral teeth with one metal pin or blade,
and forming the base of such artificial teeth as herein described.
Secondly, the making the beds or palates for artificial teeth of cast
aluminium.
And, thirdly, the improved mode of forming moulds for casting the beds
and palates for artificial teeth, as herein explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Fellows Harrington, have here-.
unto set my hand and seal, this First day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
Witness,
HENRY CASTELL,
110, High Street, Portsmouth.
G. F. HARRINGTON. (L.S.)