IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF YARNS OR THREADS AND WOVEN FABRICS FROM WOOL OR WOOL COMBINED WITH OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Tomlinson Bousfield at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
May 1866. A communication from abroad by Stanislas Vigoureux,
residing at Rue des Poissonniers, St. Denis (Seine), in the Empire of
France.
1, GEORGE TOMLINSON. BOUSFIELD, of Loughborough Park, Brixton, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF YARNS OR THREADS AND WOVEN FABRICS
FROM WOOL OR WOOL COMBINED WITH OTHER MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of yarns
or threads and woven fabrics from wool or wool combined with other materials.
Yarns to be employed as the warp or weft of woven fabrics are in some
cases made from combed wool, in others from carded wool. Both these
descriptions of yarn have their peculiar advantages and defects, combed yarn
produces a fabric with a surface of more or less brilliancy, and the yarn is
sufficiently strong, even when fine, to be worked easily, but it is deficient in
substance; carded yarn on the other hand has more substance, and a velvety

page_text: appearance, but it is so tender when fine that it is difficult to wind into cops
and to weave by power. Combed yarn again when made of wool of two
different colours, for example, black and white, is liable in consequence of the
lergth of the fibre to give to the fabric made from it a more or less varied
or streaky appearance.
According to this Invention I produce a compound yarn or thread by
combining a carded yarn with a combed yarn, I thus obtain a mixed yarn or
thread of different colours, which when used in weaving has the advantage of
avoiding the veins or streaks in the fabric which result from the use of a
combed yarn. It is composed essentially of two sorts of fibrous material, the
one long, which gives strength, the other short to correct the veins which the
first alone would give. The mode of manufacture is the following:-The two
materials composing the yarn or thread are united together by a process of
double spinning; the carded woollen yarn is taken with the grease in it on
the bobbins on which it comes from the roving or twisting frames without
winding it off (nevertheless I can work with yarn which has been wound off
the said bobbins either with the grease in it or otherwise); the bobbins are
the
mounted upon the rack of the frame in which the combed wool is spun;
carded yarn is conducted upon the drawing roller which draws in this yarn,
and it becomes united with the combed wool which would be spun alone into
a-combed yarn if this carded yarn did not come and attach itself to it so
as to form a composite yarn or thread. The spinning machine may either be
the mule jenny, the spindles, and flyer, or other sort of spinning apparatus,
furnished with drawing apparatus; I however prefer to employ spinning
apparatus in which the yarn or thread is exposed to a rolling or rubbing
action by which the two materials which compose the yarn or thread are
caused to unite intimately, and a yarn or thread with à glacé surface is
produced, thus a yarn or thread is obtained consisting of two sorts of materials
of mixed colors without veins or streaks, and it has a softness intermediate of
that of its component yarns, it can easily be wound into cops, and it breaks less
often in the course of manufacture than a yarn produced from carded wool alone;
the yarn or thread is very regular, and the two yarns from which it is made
are perfectly united throughout. In place of employing a carded yarn made
wholly of wool, cotton, waste silk or other material may be mixed with the
wool; also in place of using a combed yarn made of wool a combed yarn,
made partly or entirely of other combed fibrous material may be substituted.
I employ woollen yarn or thread thus prepared in the manufacture of carded
woollen fabrics known as poplins to form the cord which is produced by the

page_text: weft. The cord then consists of one such yarn or thread in place of the
two yarns which are ordinarily used to produce each cord; I also employ
woollen yarns or threads of this description as the warp in the description
of fabrics known as reps, and I produce each cord from one such thread in
place of employing two separate yarns to produce a cord as is now usual.