IMPROVED VEHICLE PROPELLED BY A GAS OR PETROLEUM MOTOR ENGINE
Year: 1885

page_text: I, GOTTLIEB DAIMLER of Cannstadt, Wurtemberg in the German Empire,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVED VEHICLE
PROPELLED BY A GAS OR PETROLEUM MOTOR ENGINE" to be as follows:-
This invention relates to an improved vehicle driven by a gas or petroleum
motor engine.
.
The vehicle consists of the framing with seat, steering wheel and driving wheel
arranged as a bicycle,
.
The motor engine with its petroleum reservoir is hung as low as possible between
the sides of the framing being fixed on caoutchouc buffers by means of screw.bolts,
so as to afford a somewhat elastic connection and thus prevent as much as possible
the shocks of the explosions from being communicated to the vehicle.
To foot boards on each side are connected spring arms carrying rollers that steady
the vehicle in the vertical position and at the same time permit of its assuming an
inclined position on curves.
".
The steering wheel is worked from the axis of a steering spindle with handles
by means of discs fixed respectively on the axis of the wheel and the steering axis.
to which is attached an endless band or chain.
The two discs are connected by a helical spring in tension, which is in line with
the driving wheel, and thus tends to keep it in that position.
The motor engine drives the driving wheel through a loose endless band that is
tightened by means of a pulley mounted on an elbow lever having its fulcrum on
the crankshaft of the engine while the free end is connected to a cord that passes
up through the hollow axis of the steering spindle and is wound two or three times
round the latter, and then passes back again through the axis, the other end of the
cord being connected to a brake lever. Thus on rotating the handles in one
direction so as to apply the brake the elbow lever and pulley are at the same time
released so as to slacken the driving band and thus allow the engine to continue
running while the vehicle is stopped or retarded.
On turning the handles in the contrary direction, the driving band is tightened
and the brake is taken off. The steering spindle carries a small toothed wheel
with which gears a fixed pawl so as to hold the spindle in whatever position it is
burned into,

page_text: The driving pulley is loose on the engine shaft but is carried round thereby by
means of friction discs, the pressure of which is adjusted by means of a screw and
spring, so that when the resistance of the vehicle exceeds the maximum power of
the engine, the pulley will slip between the friction discs, and thus the stopping of
the engine under these conditions will be prevented.
The motor engine is of the same construction as that described in my application
for Letters Patent N° 4315 of 1885 and need therefore not be further described.
A receiver is provided for the products of combustion, from which they escape
through a pipe, and which serves to warm the seat in cold weather.
Air is driven through the casing of the engine by the fan on the engine shaft so
as to cool the cylinder and the heated air issuing from the top of the casing also
serves to warm the seat and escapes at the footboards at bottom.
The entire engine is enclosed by a casing attached to the seat, thus forming a
chamber for warming the latter and also protecting the engine against dust.
At top of the casing are provided two openings with flaps, by opening which the
hot air can be allowed to escape when the seat does not require warming.
The engine is set in motion by means of a crank handle which fits with a pin
into the hollow of the engine shaft and gears with ratchet teeth into the end
thereof, the incline of the teeth being in such a direction, that when the engine
starts working, the clutch will be automatically disengaged by the action of the
inclines and the crank handle can be removed.
The petroleum apparatus consists mainly of a reservoir with float having a
vertical tube sliding telescopically in a second tube fixed to the cover of the
reservoir and opening at its upper end into the atmosphere. By the action of the
engine, air is drawn in through the tubes by preference from the warm air supply
under the seat in order by the heat to facilitate the evaporation of the petroleum
through which the air bubbles on issuing through the perforations of the float tube.
This air supply charged with petroleum vapor passes through spaces in the reservoir
into the supply pipe of the engine, receiving at the regulating valve the requisite
addition of atmospheric air for effecting perfect coinbustion in a manner well
understood. The top space in the reservoir is separated from the lower one by
means of a partition of wire-gauze or perforated metal, and it has an escape valve
so that should the flame of the engine flash back to the reservoir, it cannot pass
beyond the partition and any pressure produced in the space will escape through
the valve.
In place of the vaporising apparatus may be employed a spraying apparatus of
any suitable known construction, or if the engine is to be worked with ordinary
combustible gas, the apparatus may be replaced by a reservoir of compressed gas
with suitable reducing valve to the supply pipe.
By substituting a steering sledge runner for the steering wheel, providing the
driving wheel with spikes for gripping the ice or snow, and substituting runners
for the supporting rollers, the vehicle may be used as a sledge.
The brake is in this case applied to the ground instead of to the driving wheel.
The above described vehicle may also be employed for transporting loads.

page_text: Engine.
I, GOTTLIEB DAIMLER of Cannstadt, Wurtemberg in the German Empire,
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to an improved vehicle driven by a gas or pétroleum
motor engine, the construction of which will be readily understood on reference
to the accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1 shews a sectional side elevation,
Fig. 2 a cross section, Fig. 3 a sectional plan, Fig. 4 a side elevation to a small
scale; Figs. 5 to 9 shew the same views of a modified arrangement for adapting
the vehicle as a sledge; Fig. 10 shews a sectional elevation of the motor engine,
Fig. 11 shews a side view of the same, Fig. 12 shews a vertical section of the
apparatus for vaporizing petroleum.
The vehicle consists of the framing 1 with seat 2, steering wheel 3 and driving
wheel 4, arranged as a bicycle as shewn at Figs. 1 to 4. The motor engine 5 with
its petroleum reservoir 6 is hung as low as possible between the sides of the
framing, being fixed on caoutchouc buffers 8, by means of screw bolts 7, so as to
afford a somewhat elastic connection and thus prevent as much as possible the
shocks of the explosions from being communicated to the vehicle..
To the footboards 9 on each side are connected spring arms carrying rollers 10
that steady the vehicle in the vertical position and at the same time permit of its.
assuming an inclined position on curves.
The steering wheel 3 is worked from the steering spindle 14 with handles 15 by,
means of discs 11 and 12 to which is attached the endless band or chain 13. The
two discs 11 and 12 are connected by a helical spring 16 in tension, which is in
line with the axes of the discs, and consequently is least expanded when the,
steering wheel is in line with the driving wheel, and thus tend to keep it in'
that position.
The motor engine drives the driving wheel through a loose endless band 17 that
is tightened by means of the pulley 19 mounted on the elbow lever 18, having its
fulcrum on the crank shaft of the engine, while its free end is connected to a
cord 21 that passes up through the hollow axis 14 and is wound two or three
times round the spindle 20 of the steering handles and then passes back again
through the axis, the other end of the cord being connected to a brake lever 22.
Thus on rotating the handles in one direction so as to apply the brake, the lever 18,
and pulley 19 are at the same time released so as to slacken the band 17 and thus
allow the engine to continue running while the vehicle is stopped or retarded.
On turning the bandles in the contrary direction the band 17 is tightened and
the brake is taken off.
The steering spindle carries a small toothed wheel 23 with which gears a fixed'
pawl 24 so as to hold the spindle in whatever position it is turned into,
The driving pulley 25 is loose on the engine shaft 32 but is carried round.
thereby by means of the friction discs 26 and 27, the pressure of which is adjusted

page_text: by means of a screw 29 and spring 28 so that when the resistance of the vehicle
exceeds the maximum power of the engine, the pulley 25 will slip between the
friction discs, and thus the stopping of the engine under these conditions will be
prevented.
The motor engine is of the same construction as that described in the Specification
to Letters Patent granted to me 7th April 1885 N° 4315, and need therefore not be
further described; 30 is a receiver for the products of combustion, from which they
escape through a pipe as shewn, and which serves to warm the seat in cold weather.
Air is driven through the casing 33 of the engine by the fan 31 on the engine
shaft 32, so as to cool the cylinder 34, and the heated air issuing from the top of the
casing 33 also serves to warm the seat and escapes at the footboards 9 at bottom.
The entire engine is enclosed by a casing 35, attached to the seat 2, thus forming
a chamber for warming the latter and also protecting the engine against dust.
At the top of the casing 35 are provided two openings with flaps 36 and 37, by
opening which the hot air can be allowed to escape when the seat does not require
warming.
3. The engine is set in motion before starting by means of the crank handle 38
which fits with a pin into a hollow of the engine shaft 32 and gears with ratchet
teeth 39 into the end thereof, the incline of the teeth being in such a direction
that when the engine starts working the clutch will be automatically disengaged
by the action of the inclines, and the crank handle can be removed.
The petroleum vaporizing apparatus Fig. 12 consists of a receptacle 6 charged
with petroleum in which is a float 40 having a central small hole 52 above which
is formed a cavity or basin 51 into which the petroleum enters through the hole 52
so as to stand therein at the same level as outside the float. To the bottom of the
basin is fixed a central tube 41 which passes freely into the tube 42 on the cover
of the vessel 6 so as to slide up or down in the same according as the float rises
or falls with any alteration of the petroleum level. The lower end of the tube 41
is perforated so that the air drawn in through the tube will issue in finely divided
streams through the perforations into the petroleum in the basin, and thus become
impregnated with the vapour thereof.
When the apparatus is used in connection with a petroleum motor engine as
described the tube 55 is connected to the inlet port of the engine, so that during
the suction stroke of the latter atmospheric air is drawn in through the pipes 42
and 41, and after bubbling up through the petroleum and becoming impregnated
therewith as described it passes through the spaces 45 and 47 and pipe 55 into the
cylinder of the engine.
The air supply is by preference heated previously to its entrance into the
apparatus, either by the waste heat of the motor engine, in the manner above
described or by a special application of heat in order to facilitate the evaporation
of the petroleum or to make good the heat absorbed by such evaporation. The
float is provided with a projecting inwardly bent rim 54 and a shield-53 whereby
the impregnated air passing up from the basin 51 will be deflected in its course
and thus be made to deposit within the rim any particles of liquid bydrocarbon
it may carry with it, and which then flow back into the basin. By this arrange-
ment, and by effecting the communication between the basin and the other contents
of the reservoir through a very small hole, the two bodies of liquid are practically
kept separate from each other, so that the evaporative action of the air is always
effected upon one and the same body of liquid which is practically isolated from
the main body, being only supplemented from the latter through the small hole 52
in proportion as it is evaporated and carried off by the air. By this means a very
uniform evaporative action is insured, no matter what the quantity of petroleum
contained in the vessel 6 may be.
By arranging the tube 41 centrally in the reservoir 6 the immersion of the
perforated part thereof to an approximately constant depth will be insured not-
withstanding that the apparatus may occasionally assume a more or less inclined
position,

page_text: Before passing from the apparatus to the motor engine the impregnated air is
made first to pass through the wire gauze or perforated partition 49 into the
chamber 47, which is provided at top with a safety valve 50 held down by a.
belical spring 43 so that in the event of the igniting flame of the engine striking
back through the pipe 55 it will only extend as far as the partition 49, and any
rise of pressure resulting therefrom will escape through the valve 50.
In order to ascertain readily the quantity of petroleum contained in the reservoir.
at any time, I provide a metal rod 61, sliding through a long tubular socket 62.
serving as guide, fixed to the inner side or the reservoir cover, the lower end of
the rod being made to rest upon the float as shewn, while its outer end moves up.
and down within a trough shaped standard 63 fixed on the top of the cover, and
having a suitable scale marked on its face. The rod 51 is made of such length,
that the part X projecting beyond the reservoir is equal in length to the distance. X
between the bottom of the reservoir and the bottom of the float, so that as the float,
sinks, the rod 61 in sinking with it will always indicate upon the scale the quantity
of petroleum in the reservoir.
:
Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 shew the above described vehicle adapted as a sledge..
Fig. 5 shews a side elevation, Fig. 6 a cross section, Fig. 7 a plan and Figs. 8 and 9
shew enlarged sections on lines X X and Y Y Fig. 5. The wheel 4 which is driven.
by the motor as before described is provided with spikes 56 formed as looped
pieces of metal that pass round the inner face of the wheel's felloe and are secured
by a screw bolt 57 passing through the felloe. Thus in rotating with the wheel
the spikes 56 penetrate into the ice or hard snow and prevent the wheel from
slipping. The front or steering wheel 3 is provided with a sledge runner or
skid 58 having two loops 59 that embrace the felloe of the wheel and are secured
by a screw bolt 60 passing through eyes in the loops on the inner side of the
felloc. On removing the skid 58 and spikes 56, the vehicle can be used as an
ordinary bicycle.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. The combination of a vehicle having a driving and a steering wheel running
on one and the same track, with a centrally arranged gas or petroleum motor
engine and its reservoir, the centre of gravity of which lies in the vertical plane
of the wheel track, substantially as herein described.
2. In a two wheeled vehicle propelled by a gas or petroleum motor engine such
as is referred to in the preceding claim, enclosing the motor engine by a casing,
which serves both to protect the motor engine and to form the seat of the rider,
substantially as herein described.
3. The method of heating the casing to the motor engine referred to in the
preceding claim by means of the waste or surplus heat of the motor engine, and
of using the heated air inside the casing to form the combustible charges for
working the engine, substantially as herein described.
4. Providing the casing to the motor engine with openings closed by doors or
flaps, so that on opening these the heated air can be made to escape so as to keep
the seat cool when required, substantially as herein described.
5. The use in combination with the vehicle referred to in the first claim of spring
side supports with wheels 10, substantially as herein described.
6. The combination of the disc 12 on the axis of the steering handles, disc 11
on the pivot of the steering wheel, and helical spring 16 whereby the steering
wheel is brought into the central position when the handles are released, sub-
stantially as herein described.
7. The combination of the elbow lever 18 with the tightening pulley 19 driving
strap 17 cord 21 steering spindle 20 and brake lever 22 whereby when the brake
is applied the driving band is slackened, substantially as herein described.

page_text: 8. The method of suspending the motor engine from the framing of the vehicle
by means of springs 8 whereby communication of the vibrations of the motor
engine to the vehicle is more or less prevented, substantially as herein described.
9. In a petroleum vaporizing apparatus for motor engines the use of a float 40
having a basin 51 communicating with the main body of liquid in the reservoir 6
only through a small hole 52, so that while the liquid is maintained in the basin
at the same level as the main body, it is practically isolated from the same as
regards heat, the said float having an air tube 41 communicating with the
petroleum in the basin by perforations below the level thereof, substantially as
and for the purposes herein set forth.
10. In combination with the float 40, basin 51 and perforated air tube 41,
the projecting rim 54 and baffle plate 53, for retaining any liquid petroleum
carried up by the air and returning the same to the basin, substantially as herein
described.
11. In combination with the float 40 and central basin, the centrally arranged
perforated air tube 41, whereby the extent to which the perforations of the air
tube are immersed in the petroleum remains approximately constant, notwith-
standing any inclined position which the apparatus may assume within moderate
limits, substantially as herein described.
12. In combination with petroleum vaporizing apparatus, the chamber 47
through which the impregnated air passes away, with the perforated or wire
gauze partition 49 and safety valve 50 operating substantially as herein described.
Dated this 8th day of June 1886.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant. 2