IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHIC APPARATUS AND IN LACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CONSTRUCTING THE SAME.
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ilenry Vernon Physick, of Aberdeen Place,
Maida Hill, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHIC APPARATUS
AND IN LACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CONSTRUCTING THE SAME.
Dated the 17th November 1950
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Vernon
Physick at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 17th November 1852.
I HENRY VERNON PHYSICк do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHIC APPARATUS
AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CONSTRUCTING THE SAME" to be as
follows.
I protect and insulate the conducting wires of electric telegraphic
apparatus by coating the wire with gutta percha or other insulating
substance or with cloth in combination with gutta percha or other
insulating substance and then enveloping the whole in a ribbon of
thin sheet-iron or other suitable substance folded round it by means
of improved machinery. For this purpose the wire previously
coated with gutta percha or other insulating substance is passed
with the iron ribbon through a die of peculiar form which folds the
ribbon tightly round the coated wire. When cloth is used it is
viously folded round the wire in a similar manner by a similar dic
20389-1. G 153.
pre-

page_text: and the coated wire is afterwards covered with the ribbon as abovo
mentioned, or both operations may be performed simultaneously.
The covering may be of tinned or galvanized iron and may be sol-
dered together by the application of heat, or by passing it quickly
through a bath of melted tin or other suitable metal, or the covering
may be of copper or other suitable substance. In some cases I cause
a portion of the insulated wire to intervene between the separate
lengths of covering so that if any portion of the insulation between
the wire and the covering is imperfect, the escape of the electricity
to the next length of covering may be prevented. This wire is ap-
plicable suspended on posts or laid upon or under ground or under
water or wherever it may be required for the construction of Elec-
tric Telegraphic Apparatus.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Vernon Physick in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 16th May 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME I
JENRY VERNON PHYSICK of Aberdeen Place Maida Hill in the
County of Middlesex Civil Engineer send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria by Iler
Letters Patent bearing date the Seventeenth day of November in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two in
the sixteenth year of Iler Reign did for Herself Her heirs and
successors give and grant unto me the said Ilenry Vernon Physick
Jer special licence that I the said Henry Vernon Physick my ex-
ecutors administrators and assigns or such others as I the said
Henry Vernon Physick my executors administrators and assigns
should at any time agree with and no others from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein cx-
pressed should and lawfully might make use excrciso and
vend within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
the Channel Islands and Isle of Man an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHIC APPARATUS AND IN MACHINERY

page_text: "
OR APPARATUS FOR CONSTRUCTING THE SAME upon the condition (amongst
others) that I the said Henry Vernon Physick by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention and in what manner the
same was to be performed and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and im-
mediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE that I the said Henry Vernon Physick do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had
to the accompanying Drawing and to the figures and letters marked
thercon (that is to say)
My Invention relates to the wires of Electric Telegraphic Appa-
ratus and consists
Firstly in covering or coating wire with calico cloth or other
fibrous material saturated with gutta percha, shellac, tar, pitch, or
similar insulating material, by drawing the said wire and cloth or
calico through a triblet or die or series of dies by means of which
the cloth or calico is made to surround the wire and to have a lap-
joint where its edges meet thus making a water-tight or insulating
covering to the wire as herein-after described.
Secondly, my Invention consists in the application of an exterior
coating of iron copper or other suitable material to the outside of
wire insulated as above mentioned or insulated by a coating of solid
gutta percha or other suitable substance such exterior coating
being applied to the wire by a triblet or die or series of dies as
herein-after described and being either continuous or discontinuous
as herein-after mentioned.
Thirdly my Invention consists in machinery or apparatus for
coating or covering wire as herein-after described.
Figure 1 is a side view of a triblet or die M constructed according
to my Invention. Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of the same. This
triblet M is made of six separate pieces or dies A. B. C. D. E. F
which are shown separately in the smaller Figures. The same letters
denote the same parts in all the Figures. The triblet is made in

page_text: several pieces for the convenience of manufacturing it. All the
pieces are united together by the two bolts and nuts I. I. The picce
A has a round hole R for the reception of the wire and a curved slot
II for the reception of the covering. The piece B has a flattened
conical or oval perforation which gradually narrows in passing
through the pieces C. D. E and F until it terminates in a round
hole at P. A curved tongue S is fixed in the piece D as shown in
the Figures. I employ triblets constructed in this manner and of
suitable dimensions for covering wire with calico or cloth and also
for covering insulated wire with iron or copper or
exterior coating.
other suitable
And I will first proceed to describe the mode of covering wire
with calico or cloth. The insulating covering is in the form
of a long narrow strip or ribbon which may consist of calico
impregnated with a strong solution of gutta percha in coal oil
and allowed to dry, or the calico may be prepared by laying upon it
a thin sheet of gutta percha and passing it between rollers by which
means the gutta percha is forced into the pores of the calico and
caused to adhere to it. The end of the ribbon is cut tapering and
it is slipped through the curved slot H and its end is brought out
at P. The end of the wire is then introduced at the hole R and
passed through the triblet under the tongue S and out at the hole
P. The wire and ribbon are then fixed in a vice attached to a rope
and the other end of the rope is attached to a revolving drum or
other contrivance by means of which the wire and ribbon can be
drawn through the triblet. As they pass through the triblet the
ribbon is curled round the wire and one edge of the ribbon is caused
to lap over the other by the action of the tongue S and the whole is
well compressed together before it emerges from the triblet. The
triblet is kept warm during the operation so as to soften the gutta
percha and cause the edges of the calico to adhere together at tho
lap-joint and also to cause the calico to adhere to the wire. The
triblet may be heated by a lamp placed bencath it or by a steam-
jacket or in any other suitable manner. Or in lieu of heating tho
triblet M an additional heated die may be employed through which
the wire passes on leaving the triblet M.

page_text: The operation of coating insulated wire with iron or copper or
other suitable exterior coating is performed in a similar manner to
that of coating the wire with the calico impregnated with gutta
percha. The wire previously covered with calico and gutta percha
or with gutta percha alone or with other suitable insulating material
is introduced into the triblet at R and a ribbon of iron or other
suitable material is introduced at H and the two are drawn through
the triblet in the manner above described. The ribbon is thus folded
round the insulated wire and one of its edges is lapped over the
other. It is not necessary to heat the triblet in this operation.
The wire may be covered with calico impregnated with gutta
percha in the manner above described and on emerging from the
triblet it may enter a second triblet in which it is covered with the
iron or other coating so that both operations may proceed simulta-
neously and the wire may be coiled up on the drum in a finished
state.
The exterior coating may be made of various materials as for
instance of copper or iron or of tinned or zinced iron and the edges
may be soldered together if required by passing it through a bath
of melted tin or solder or other suitable metal or alloy or by ex-
posing it to the flamo of a blow-pipe or otherwise applying heat to
it quickly and removing the heat or cooling the wire before the in-
sulating coating has become injured by it.
The exterior coating may be applied to wires forming part of
Electric Telegraphic Apparatus whether the same are to be buried in
the earth or immersed in the water and also to those which are to
bo suspended in the air. In applying a metallic covering in this
manner to wires suspended in the air such metallic covering may be
continuous or it may be removed for a short distance at or near the
points of suspension or at other suitable intervals so that even if
there were to be any defect in the insulation of one portion of the
wire so as to put the wire in connection with the metallic covering
still the electricity would not pass along the metallic covering as
the several portions of the metallic covering would be insulated
from cach other.
Having now described the nature of my Invention and in what

page_text: manner the same is to be performed I wish it to be understood that
I do not claim generally the covering of insulated wire with a me-
tallic coating. But what I claim is
Firstly, the covering or coating wire with calico cloth or other
fibrous material saturated or impregnated or coated with gutta
percha, shellac, tar, pitch or similar insulating material by drawing
the said wire and cloth or other fibrous material through a triblet
or die or series of dies by means of which the cloth or other fibrous
material is made to surround the wire and to have a lap-joint where
its edges meet as herein-before described.
Secondly the application of an exterior covering of iron copper
or other suitable material to the outside of insulated wire by means
of a triblet or die or series of dies in manner herein-before described.
Also the breaking of the continuity of such covering at intervals as
herein-before described.
Thirdly the constructing machinery or apparatus for coating or
covering wire by means of a triblet or die or series of dies con-
structed as herein-before described and applied in connection with a
revolving drum or other suitable machinery for drawing the wire
through such triblet or die or series of dies in manner herein-before
described.
In witness whereof I the said Henry Vernon Physick have
hereunto set my hand and seal this Sixteenth day of May
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
fifty-three.
Witness
CHARLES COWPER
20 Southampton Buildings
Chancery Lane.
H. V. PHYSICK. (L.S.)