IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPES OR TUBES FOR GENERATING AND SUPERHEATING STEAM."
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Oram, of No. 137, Fleet Street, in the City
of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPES OR TUBES FOR
GENERATING AND SUPERHEATING STEAM."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Oram at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
March 1859.
I, SAMUEL ORAM, of No. 137, Fleet Street, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPES
OR TUBES FOR GENERATING AND SUPERHEATING STEAM," to be as follows:-
Hitherto pipes or tubes used in steam boilers have been made of plain
cylindrical forms. I claim as my Invention the use of pipes or tubes of other
forms than cylindrical for generating and superheating steam. My pipes or
tubes must be of spiral. or corrugated. or undulated, or indented forms. either
separately or combined or of such other irregular forms as will give encreased
heating surfaces. and will expose them more effectually to the action of the
heated currents passing through or surrounding them.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Samuel Oram in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 23rd
September 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
ORAM, of No. 137, Fleet Street, in the City of London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing.date the Twenty-third day of March. in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors. give and grant unto
me, the said Samuel Oram. Her special licence that I, the said Samuel
Oram, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as 1. the
said Samuel Oram, my executors. administrators, and assigns. should at any
time agree with, and no others. from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed. should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man. an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PIPES OR TUBES FOR GENERATING AND SUPERHEATING STEAM," upon the condition
(amongst others) that. I, the said Samuel Oram, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument. in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals. should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Oram, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment (that is to say):-
Hitherto pipes or tubes used in steam boilers have been made of plain
cylindrical forms. I claim as my Invention the use of pipes or tubes of other
forms than cylindrical for generating and superheating steam. My pipes or
tubes must be of spiral, or corrugated, or undulated, or indented forms, either
separately or combined. or of such other irregular forms as will give encreased
heating surfaces. and will expose them more effectually to the action of the
heated currents passing through or surrounding them.
In making use of the term "pipes or tubes," I desire it to be understood
that I refer to and mean the small pipes or tubes less than four inches in
diameter, which are most commonly used in multitubular boilers; my
improvements relating solely to such pipes or tubes when formed as herein-

page_text: after mentioned, and applied in generating or superheating steam. My pipes
or tubes are to be made of any metal or compound of metals capable of being
wholly or partly wrought, cast. rolled. drawn. twisted. welded, brazed.
soldered, screwed. bolted. or rivetted. so as to admit of being worked into the
shape required. The character of the heat absorbing and conducting surfaces
inside and outside my pipes or tubes render them available either as extractors
of heat from current passing through them or from heat surrounding them.
I do not confine myself to any particular form, or compound of forms.
And I claim as my Invention. any form of pipe or tube used in generating
and superheating steam, which shall not have an uninterrupted internal equal
diameter, or an uninterrupted internal tapered form. and which shall not
consist of annular corrugations at right angles to the length of the pipe or
tube, or of uninterrupted corrugations parallel to its axis. And for most fully
explaining the nature of my pipes or tubes to be used in generating and super-
heating steam, some examples of forms which I adopt are illustrated in the
Drawing annexed hereto, and which Drawing I now proceed to describe.
Figures 1, spiral, twisted, and indented forms; Figures 2. forms having a
thread or ribbon in section: Figures 3. section shewing a conducting metal
ribbon inserted between the turned-up sides of the pipe or tube: Figure 4,
undulated form of tube of varying internal and external diameter.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Oram, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-third day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and Giftning
SAMUEL ORAM. (L.s.)