matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATCH PROTECTORS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS MAY ALSO BE USED FOR PROTECTING LOCKETS, CHARMS, CHAINS, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES OF JEWELLERY
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles William Cooper and Reuben
Cornelius Lilly at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th
June 1877.
CHARLES WILLIAM COOPER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Electro-plater and Gilder, and REUBEN CORNELIUS LILLY, of Birmingham aforesaid,
Joweller. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATCH PROTECTORS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS MAY
ALSO BE USED FOR PROTECTING LOCKETS, CHARMS, CHAINS, AND OTHER LIKE
ARTICLES OF JEWELLERY."
Our Invention consists of the mechanism herein-after described to be applied to
the swivels of watch chains and other like chains, for preventing the watch or
other article attached to the swivel of the chain from being removed from the
pocket of the wearer by a sudden snatch or pull of the watch or other chain.
Our Invention is principally applicable for use as a watch protector, and we will
describe it as applied to the swivel of a watch chain.
To the bottom of the loop of the swivel a small bracket or frame is secured. To
this frame a pair of curved arms pointed at their upper ends is jointed. The said
pointed curved arms have the same configuration as the sides of the lower part of
the swivel loop, and in their normal positions lie closely against the said sides of
the loop. Working through the bottom and lower sides of the loop of the swivel is
a small slide. The head of this slide is concave and projects a short distance into
the loop. On the sides of the slide are inclines which bear against the pointed
curved arms near their joint. When pressure is put on the said slide its inclines
press the said curved arms outwards, which arins turning on their joint make an
angle with the sides of the loop, the open arms somewhat resembling the arms of an
anchor.
In the frame at the bottom of the swivel loop is a coiled spring, the ends of which
bear against shoulders near the jointed ends of the curved arms. By means of this
spring the curved arms, when the pressure of the slide is removed from them, are
closed against the sides of the swivel loop and maintained in that position, and the
slide at the same time raised in the swivel.
Instead of a coiled spring for giving the back motion to the pointed curved
arms and slide, a flat or other spring may be used, and instead of one pointed

page_text: arm at each side of the swivel, two or more pointed arms at each side of the swivel
may be used.
When the watch is attached to the swivel the bow of the watch seats itself upon
the concave top of the slide of the protecting mechanism, and when a sudden pull
or jerk is given to the watch chain, the slight resistance afforded to the motion of
the chain by the watch causes the bow of the watch to force down the slide, and
to open or throw out the pointed curved arms.
As the watch is being drawn from the pocket one or other of the open arms
catches or engages itself in the lining of the pocket, and effectually prevents the
removal of the watch from the said pocket.
IMPROVEMENTS CONNECTED WITH APPARATUS USED FOR RECEIVING WATER FROM BASONS OR LIKE ARTICLES TO PREVENT SPLASHING OF THE WATER WHEN VIOLENTLY DISCHARGED THEREFROM."
Year: 1877

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Williams Armstrong at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th April 1877.
ROBERT WILLIAMS ARMSTRONG, of Belleck, in the County of Fermanagh, Ireland.
IMPROVEMENTS CONNECTED WITH APPARATUS USED FOR RECEIVING WATER FROM
BASONS OR LIKE ARTICLES TO PREVENT SPLASHING OF THE WATER WHEN VIOLENTLY
DISCHARGED THEREFROM."
This Invention relates to improvements connected with apparatus used for
receiving water from basons, pans, and like articles, and consists in constructing
or fitting the outer pan or receiver with an internal screen or depending partition,
with a space between the two, within which space the water, when discharged from
the hand or other bason, can flow or rebound, and be temporarily held prior to its
being discharged from the receiver, without the inconveniencies arising from the
rebound of the water above the top of the stand or apparatus.
The inner screen, if a screen be fitted, may be of semicircular shape, perforated for
the greater part of its surface, or it may have slits or other shaped apertures from
the central lower part, or up the sides only, the central bottom portion being an
entire opening, if desired, upon the edges of which a perforated grid or disc can be
fitted.
The central bottom opening of the screen may be of any diameter, so that the
screen itself may be like a partition, standing out and depending from near the
upper part of the receiving bason, and this partition may be continuous or entirely
round the receiver, or for a portion only, the object being, as before stated, to receive
within or behind the screen the discharged water from the wash bason, or to break
said water up by the perforations or apertures in the screen that the water,
however hastily discharged, cannot splash or rebound outside of or away from the
receiver.
AN IMPROVED MEDICAL ELECTRIC APPLIANCE
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Evans Snow at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th November 1877
EVANS SNOW, of Gilbert Street, in the County of Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED
MEDICAL ELECTRIC APPLIANCE."
My Invention relates to an improved medical electric appliance, and consists of a
belt to be placed round the human body, and composed of metal discs or plates
suitably arranged so as to produce a current of electricity which acts upon and
strengthens the nervous system.
TRIMMING LAMP WICKS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Alexander Philips Halden
Duncan at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th January
1877.
GEORGE ALEXANDER PHILIPS HALDEN DUNCAN, of No. 39, Charles Street,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SCISSORS FOR
Berkeley Square, in the County of Middlesex.
TRIMMING LAMP WICKS."
In trimming the flat wicks of lamps, such as are used in railway carriages, it is
difficult to cut them straight and true, and projecting the required distance beyond
the wick tube. My Invention consists in the adaptation to a pair of scissors of
a gauge or guide whereby the tube containing the wick is held with the wick pro-
jecting between the scissor blades in such a position that on closing the blades the
end of the wick is cut off to a true line parallel to the end of the tube and pro-
jecting therefrom the required distance. The said gauge or guide consists of an
angle piece or bracket attached to one of the scissor blades with two studs pro-
jecting from its face. The wick tube is laid on this face with its two horns bearing
against the studs, and is thereby secured in the right position for the clipping of
the wick. The studs are preferably made adjustable in position so that the gauge
can be suited to different sizes of wicks.
MENTS IN WOOD PAVEMENT."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Ellison at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th May 1877. A communication from
abroad by Frank Cushing Taylor, of Dearborn Street, Chicago, in the United
States of America.
$6
WILLIAM ELLISON, of Queen Victoria Street, in the City of London. IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WOOD PAVEMENT." A communication from abroad by Frank Cushing
Taylor, of Dearborn Street, Chicago, in the United States of America.
The object and intention of this Invention is to render wood pavement more
durable, less costly, more easy to lay, and to offer a better foothold to horses than
the present wood pavement, which I propose to effect by the following means:-
In the first place, instead of shaping the blocks of wood as now practised, I take
the trunk or boughs of trees in their natural state, and cut them into lengths of
about six inches, selecting pieces varying from three inches and upwards in diameter,
taking care to saw them at about right angles to the axis of the block, having
previously stripped the bark therefrom, and those blocks which are intended to come
next to the kerb of the road, street, or way, I split in half and place the flat side
thereof against the kerb. The blocks thus prepared are laid side by side across the
entire width of the roadway, and bedded on a sub-stratum of sand or gravel about
six inches deep, or a layer of sand and another layer of gravel on the top of the
sand, the whole being well rammed down to make a solid bed to receive the blocks,
which are packed or laid endwise, side by side, close together, and well rolled (by
preference) so as to form a level surface, and, finally, I fill in the spaces between
the aforesaid round blocks with sand, gravel, or other suitable material, and ram or
stamp the same until the whole surface is level and solid.
Any kind of wood may be employed, but locust, white oak, chesnut, white
cedar (arbor vitæ), chesnut oak, black jack, and elm, will be found valuable as paving
materials.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COVERING THE SURFACES OF CYLINDERS OR ROLLERS USED IN CARDING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Walton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st November 1877.
WILLIAM WALTON, of Haughton Dale Works, Denton, in the County of
Lancaster, Wire Card Manufacturer. IMPROVEMENTS IN COVERING THE SURFACES
OF CYLINDERS OR ROLLERS USED IN CARDING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
This Invention consists in certain improvements in or additions to the Invention
for which former Letters Patent were granted to me on the 19th day of January
1872, No. 176.
My improved covering for cylinders or rollers consists of strong paper, woven
fabric, or other equivalent prepared in the following manner:-The strong paper, or
woven fabric, or other equivalent is coated on one side with india-rubber or other
suitable substance (as described in the Specification of the Letters Patent above
referred to), and on the other with rosin or other substance that becomes adhesive by
heat, and in order to make the paper or other equivalent prepared in the above
manner adhere to the surface of the cylinder or roller to be covered I heat the paper
or other equivalent immediately before or while it is being applied to the surface of
the cylinder or roller. By this means a firin foundation and an elastic bed are
obtained for the card fillet.
My improved apparatus for applying the adhesive substance to the paper or other
equivalent consists of a trough containing the adhesive substance which is kept in
a liquid or plastic state by a steam jacket; at one edge of the trough is a serrated or
ordinary strickle. The paper or other equivalent is carried over the trough, and the
surplus of the adhesive substance is scraped off by the strickle.
AN IMPROVED COMBINED UMBRELLA AND WALKING STICK
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th December 1877. A communica-
tion from abroad by Alexander Mungle, of Newark, in the County of Essex,
State of New Jersey, United States of America.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent. "AN IMPROVED COMBINED UMBRELLA AND WALKING STICK." [A
communication from abroad by Alexander Mungle, of Newark, in the County of
Essex, State of New Jersey, United States of America.]
This Invention is intended to furnish an improved combination of umbrella and
cane for travelling and other purposes, by which the cane may be stored and
carried in a neat and compact manner in the umbrella stick, and readily taken out
for use.
The Invention consists of a tubular umbrella stick of sheet metal, into which
the cane is inserted and retained by a hollow split handle of any suitable shape
corresponding to the shape of the handle of the cane.
The split handle is made of a fixed section connected rigidly to the stick, and of
a movable section that is hinged to the end or side of the fixed section, and
retained finally in a closed position in the fixed handle section by a ferrule or
other device that slides over the same, or is secured in other equivalent manner
thereto.
By removing the ferrule the split handle may be opened and the cane taken out
of its storage receptacle in the hollow stick, so as to be used independently of the
unbrella, being returned into the same when it is desired to carry them together in
travelling or for other purposes.
The tip cap of the umbrella screws up or down on a thread of the stick, so as
to release or retain the tips.
In place of the screw tip cap, a spring cap or any other approved construction of
tip cap may be used. As the tubular stick does not allow of the uso of the
customary wire springs for supporting the runner in the open or closed position of
the umbrella, the stick is provided with recessed or perforated catches at points
rDi 11

page_text: near the handle and near the lower end of the stick, while the runner has recesses
at the upper and lower edge, and an axially turning and spring acted sleeve enters
by means of tongues or hooks into the catches, so as to lock the runner rigidly in
position thereon, the catches and locking sleeve taking the place of the common
runner locking springs. In this manner a simple, neat, and compact arrangement 5
for storing the cane in the umbrella is furnished, by which the cost of the umbrella
is but slightly increased, and either cane or umbrella may be used independently of
each other, or carried jointly in a convenient manner as desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SHEARING OR CLIPPING SHEEP AND OTHER ANIMALS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Michael Glynn Turquand at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd June 1877.
WILLIAM MICHAEL GLYNN TURQUAND, of 18, Denbigh Place, Pimlico, in the
County of Middlesex, England. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SHEARING
OR CLIPPING SHEEP AND OTHER ANIMALS."
The tool I employ is guided by the hand and driven from a rotating axis above
by means of a band, or otherwise. It consists of a suitable metal frame to which is
fixed a cutting plate having a number of teeth, and a knife working on a pin
suitably placed moves to and fro over them. A reciprocating movement is given
to this top knife by means of a driving wheel mounted on suitable bearings and
attached to a spindle and disc, having a crank pin set in it, which works a bell-
crank lever by ineans of a connecting link, At the opposite end of this bell-crank
lever is a ball, and at the end of the knife there is a similar ball. These are con-
nected together by means of a double-socket link, and together with the link form
a double ball-and-socket joint.
In order to get a shearing action I place two friction rollers at end of knife
furtherest from the cutting end, and rolling on a surface attached to the frame, so that
by an adjustment of two jam nuts upon the pin on which the knife rocks I can
get the required pressure of knife upon the cutting plate without unnecessary
friction.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF LIGHTING FIRES AND SUCH LIKE BY MACHINERY
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Fountaine Weare Hope at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st January 1877.
GEORGE FOUNTAINE WEARE HOPE, of Herne Bay, in the County of Kent. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF LIGHTING FIRES AND SUCH LIKE BY MACHINERY."
The improvements consist in lighting house and other fires at any desired time
automatically, or by the use of clock movement, in conjunction with fuses or such
like, which are so arranged to act that said lighting may take place at any regulated
time, the machinery for so doing consisting of a stand upon which is fixed an alarum
clock movement furnished with a metal arm or crank of convenient dimensions
working on gearing held by a lever attached to the alarm at one end, and holding
one or more fuses or matches at the other.
The clock being wound and set to a certain time will, when said time is reached,
make the lever act on the arm and cause its end, bearing the fuses, to travel over
any roughened surface, and so ignite any convenient material furnished in contact.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER WHEREBY FRAUD IS PREVENTED
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Toplady Fewtrell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st July 1877.
WILLIAM TOPLADY FEWTRELL, of Great George Street, in the City of West-
minster. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER WHEREBY FRAUD
IS PREVENTED."
The object of this Invention is the manufacture of paper in such a way as to
prevent alterations being made on cheques, bank notes, bills of exchange, circular
notes, or other instruments of a similar character.
The Invention consists in the admixture with ordinary paper pulp of an alkaline
carbonate, preferably carbonate of soda, including the carbonates of the alkaline
earths, and of the carbonates of some metals, such as zinc and lead, either in a
solid or liquid form.
When any material is used to discharge the ink, or any coloured engraving,
carbonic acid will be evolved, and the paper will be disintegrated, thus showing
clearly that an attempt at alteration has been made.
This paper may be used with any of the engraved designs, and safety inks, and
other preparations at present ordinarily employed.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SOLITAIRES, STUDS, AND BUTTONS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Lawson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th July 1877.
"
PETER LAWSON, of Hatton Garden, in the County of Middlesex. « IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SOLITAIRES, STUDS, AND BUTTONS."
The Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of solitaires,
studs, and buttons, and relates to the application of means whereby such articles
may be securely fixed in position, and as readily unfastened and removed when
required. For this purpose I form the stud, solitaire, or button with a screw pillar
or stem, to which the back and front or two faces of the stud, button, or solitaire,
are rigidly and permanently fixed by soldering or otherwise. On this screw pillar
or stem is mounted a nut, with capability of being screwed up and down thercon
between the front and back or two faces of the stud, button, or solitaire, but not of
being removed therefrom. Thus when the nut is screwed to some distance away
from the front or back, or from either face of the stud, button, or solitaire, such front
or back or face can be readily passed through a button or other hole, and then when
the material or article to which the solitaire, stud, or button is applied is between
such parts the nut can be screwed against such material or article, so as to hold it
firmly between the nut and the front, back, or face of the stud, button, or solitaire ;
by unscrewing the nut, the stud, button, or solitaire can be readily removed from the
article to which it is applied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FANS."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Kate Robison at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th April 1877.
KATE ROBISON, of 5, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the County of Middle-
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FANS."
sex.
According to this Invention I enlarge the root ends of the ribs of the fan in order
to afford better facility for holding the fan without fatiguing the thumb or fingers
of the person holding it, and I form the button or outside washers of corresponding
or larger size, and by preference of a bulged form, and in continuation thereof I
form a handle, which may be plain, or made hollow in one or more places for
holding scent, or for serving as a locket, or for holding portraits or other ornamental
or useful articles or objects. To the handle I attach a chain with ring for holding
a pocket handkerchief. The button or handle, or both, may be ornamented as
desired. The button may be fitted with a spring for opening the fan by pressing
on the button, or on a special knob or projection in connection with the spring.
AN IMPROVED PAN OR VESSEL FOR WATER OR OTHER CLOSETS, ALSO SUITABLE FOR OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Martin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th November 1877.
WILLIAM MARTIN, of 245, Oldham Road, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer. "AN IMPROVED PAN OR VESSEL FOR WATER OR OTHER CLOSETS, ALSO
SUITABLE FOR OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES."
.
This Invention consists of an improved pan or vessel for water or other closets,
and which pan or vessel is also suitable for other useful purposes, and is especially
adapted for collecting sewage from sewage tanks and filters. The pan or vessel is
made of a cylindrical or other suitable form, in the interior of which is a moveable
perforated tube or carbon chamber. This perforated tube or carbon chamber allows
in the case of waterclosets all the water and urine to pass off, the solids only being
retained in the pan or pail. The same Invention is applicable for the reception of
tea leaves and coffee grounds, which are of themselves the richest of all manures;
all the urine, soap suds, and slops being passed through the tea leaves and coffee
grounds.
By the adoption of this Invention all the manurial properties in household slops
are retained, and the material emptied when necessary.
IMPROVEMENT IN ELASTIC FABRICS FOR BOOTS AND SHOES, AND ALSO FOR GARTERS, BELTS, AND SURGICAL APPLIANCES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nathan Rheinberg at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 31st August 1877.
NATHAN RHEINBERG, Merchant, of No. 13, Well Street, Falcon Square, London,
E.C.
"IMPROVEMENT IN ELASTIC FABRICS FOR BOOTS AND SHOES, AND ALSO FOR
GARTERS, BELTS, AND SURGICAL APPLIANCES."
The application of a thin sheet of black or colored india-rubber to the exterior,
either on the face, back, or both, of an ordinary elastic web (manufactured with
india-rubber thread or india-rubber sheet inside, and any textile material outside),
as well as to any elastic textile material not containing india-rubber.
The advantages claimed to be derived from this improvement are,-
1st. An increased durability over the ordinary elastic web having a surface of
textile material, the india-rubber resisting very much better than such material
the constant friction and chafing to which the web is subjected when in wear.
2nd. By the application of the external india-rubber sheet a greater amount of
spring is given to the web.
3rd. In the ordinary elastic webs manufactured with india-rubber threads inside,
these threads being stretched in the manufacture, have a constant inclination to
recede into the tissue, especially at the edges where the web is sewn into the boot
or shoe, and in a short time the ends of the rubber thread break through the tissue,
thereby spoiling the appearance, slackening the spring, and materially impairing
the strength of the web. By the application of this external sheet of india-rubber
all these faults are obviated.
IMPROVED MEANS FOR LIGHTING GAS BY ELECTRICITY
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Dronier at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th January 1877.
PIERRE DRONIER, of No. 47, Rue de Belleville, Paris, in the Republic of France,
Civil Engineer. "IMPROVED MEANS FOR LIGHTING GAS BY ELECTRICITY."
This Invention consists in a means of lighting gas burners, either separately or
simultaneously, by bringing the gas coming from the burners in contact with a
platinum wire heated to red heat by means of electricity in any suitable manner.
To prevent any alteration in the platinum wire, I so place it that the heat of the
flame shall not be sufficient to exercise its action upon it; or remove it away from
the flame as soon as the lighting has taken place. I can arrange near the burner a
tube containing the wires conducting the electricity, and which can partly turn on
an axis in such a manner that this movement opens the tap or cock, establishes
contact, and draws the platinum wire opposite the current of gas, the opposite
movement breaks the contact and draws back the platinum wire to its normal
position. I can place on or near the burners one or several electro-magnets for
drawing the platinum wire at the moment of lighting opposite the burner by the
effect of a derivation of the electric current employed for lighting.
For lighting street lamps without opening them, I employ a rod or pole provided
with a portable battery acting on a moveable platinum wire placed in the lamp, and
brought momentarily in the currents of gas just when the rod carrying the battery
opens the cock and establishes the contact. The platinum wire is provided with
two supports which pass through an insulator which is incombustible, such as bone
or ivory, or into a metallic piece from which they are isolated by means of a suitable
insulating and incombustible material, such as mica.
A PORTABLE ADVERTISING WRITING CASE AND INK ABSORBER
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward John Walford at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st December 1877.
EDWARD JOHN WALFORD, of 19, York Terrace, Regent's Park, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman. "A PORTABLE ADVERTISING WRITING CASE AND INK
ABSORBER."
I construct a portable writing case in the form of a portefolio, and I insert or
secure pieces of absorbent material therein, the said writing case being constructed
either with or without pockets, and on the said portable writing case, and on the
said pieces of absorbent material therein contained or secured, I print, impress, or
stamp advertisements. Thus the said "portable advertising writing case and ink
absorber" unites in itself a portable receptacle for writing paper and envelopes, a
case whereon to place writing paper while in the act of writing, a means of ab-
sorbing or removing the surplus ink from the paper when written upon, and a
valuable medium of advertising.
And I claim as my Invention, the arrangement and combination of the portable
writing case and the absorbent material having advertisements thus printed,
impressed, or stamped thereon, these together forming the said "portable adver-
tising writing case and ink absorber."
IMPROVEMENTS IN TORPEDO GUARDS.
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Howard Fletcher at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd June 1877.
HOWARD FLETCHER, of No. 13, St. Michael's Road, Stockwell, in the County of
Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TORPEDO GUARDS. "
My Invention relates to means and apparatus for protecting vessels against
torpedoes. To the side of the vessel I joint a number of rods, which can be folded
in close to the vessel's side or extended out therefrom. The outer ends of these rods
are connected by other rods jointed thereto, and from the latter are suspended a
number of parallel bars or plates which can be drawn up close or lowered down,
forming curtains somewhat similar to Venetian blinds. Usually the curtains are
drawn up, and the rods from which they are suspended are folded in close to the
vessel's side, preferably into a recess formed for their reception; but when it is desired
to guard the vessel against the attacks of torpedoes the rods are extended outwards,
and the curtains are lowered into the water to such depth that a torpedo striking the
curtain may be arrested or may explode so far from the vessel's side that the vessel
will sustain little or no damage therefrom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO REAPING MACHINES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Wray at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st August 1877.
JOHN WRAY, of Nafferton, in the County of York, Joiner. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO REAPING MACHINES."
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus applicable to reaping
machines for raising fallen crops in the process of cutting.
In reaping a field on one side (and not unfrequently two sides) the crops alto-
gether hang one way, and in order to avoid the necessity of "running empty," or
employing a large staff of men to bend the corn over with forks, this improved
ear lifter," constructed in accordance with my Invention, is attached to the
"
reaper.
For this purpose a bar is arranged from the pole of the reaper to the knife bar,
to which is attached a sheet iron guard. The "ear lifter" is fastened to this bar
by bolts on the driving side of the reaper (which may be of any construction), and
the apparatus is so adapted as to be suitable to any kind of land.
The ear lifter" consists of a bar, advantageously of wood, on which a series of
curved arms or prongs are mounted, one end of the bar being attached to the
reaper at a suitable height in front of the cutter bar; the other end of the bar being
curved and resting on the ground is propelled forward by the reaping machine.
When the corn is cut, instead of the ears falling in front of the knife, they fall
upon the prongs of the "ear lifter," and are by it gradually lifted on to the plat-
form.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF OR APPARATUS FOR CANCELLING POSTAGE AND OTHER STAMPS AND DOCUMENTS, AND BRANDING OR MARKING CHEQUES OR OTHER PAPERS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Edward Eardley Childers at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th March 1877. A com-
munication from abroad by Alfred William Morris, of Richmond, Virginia,
United States of America.
CHARLES EDWARD EARDLEY CHILDERS, of the Inner Temple, London, Barrister-
at-Law. " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF OR APPARATUS FOR CANCELLING
POSTAGE AND OTHER STAMPS AND DOCUMENTS, AND BRANDING OR MARKING
CHEQUES OR OTHER PAPERS." A communication from abroad by Alfred William
Morris, of Richmond, Virginia, United States of America.
This Invention has for its object the provision of a ready and efficient means of
cancelling postage and other stamps and documents, and also of branding legal
papers, cheques, letters of credit and advice, and bankers' and commercial papers
generally, by impressing thereon marks of an indelible character, and which are
moreover incapable of being imitated or reproduced.
In carrying out this Invention, in order to effect this object, it is proposed to
employ a wire of platinum, the two extremities of which are respectively connected
to the opposite poles of a galvanic battery of sufficient strength to maintain the wire
in a state of incandescence without effecting the fusion of the platina, whilst the
central or intermediate portion of the wire is bent or made of a shape adapted to
the nature of the marks required to be produced. The wire thus heated is carried
in a frame or holder, by preference arranged in connection with guides in such a
manner that by the act of moving the frame or holder, either directly or through
the intervention of suitable manipulating appliances, the wire will be caused to
travel across the paper required to be branded in an irregular course, and thereby
impress marks or indentations corresponding to the irregular line which the wire
describes in its traverse, and incapable of being imitated or reproduced.
The apparatus may also be so arranged as to produce a mark of a different
character from the preceding mark at each successive stroke of the wire, so that no
61...מr

page_text: two lines can ever be made alike, and such variations may either take place in
regular gradations or otherwise, as desired.
The nature of the marks and their variations may also be regulated by hand in
lieu of automatically, in which case the character of the marks or lines produced
will be varied at the will and according to the skill of the operator.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CRAPE
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Phillips and Samuel Howard
Kay at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th November
1877.
EDMUND PHILLIPS and SAMUEL HOWARD KAY, of Cheadle, in the County of
Stafford, Crape Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CRAPE."
Our Invention relates to the fabrics which are woven in the form of a fine tissue
of a gauze-like character, and are subsequently subjected to a crimping or craping
process, such for example as the fabrics now well known by the designation of
"Norwich crapes."
Such crapes were originally composed entirely of silk, but of late years a specially
prepared description of cotton yarn has been employed, either alone or in conjunction
with silk yarn in the weaving of the tissue.
When cotton yarn is alone used the tissue has not the peculiar characteristics of
the silken tissue, and even when silk is employed to constitute a part of the tissue
the admixture injures the character of the fabric to some extent.
To remedy these defects to some extent is the object of our Invention. To this
end we employ yarn spun from fine carded jute. Jute, when well prepared and
finely carded, has a silky appearance to some extent.
In the spinning process, or subsequently to such process, we cause the yarn spun
from this material to be hard twisted, so as to adapt it to the requirements of the.
crape manufacture. The yarn so prepared is woven into a tissue, either alone or in
conjunction with silk yarn, and the tissue so formed is treated and finished in the
same manner and by the same machinery as when manufacturing silk crape, or is
finished by suitable means to obtain the peculiar character of the Norwich crape.
The yarn prepared from jute may also be used in conjunction with hard twisted
cotton or linen yarn, or in conjunction with either or both of these materals and
silk yarn.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DAMPING OR WETTING PAPER, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pearson Jacques Jackson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th October 1877.
PEARSON JACQUES JACKSON, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Agent.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN DAMPING OR WETTING PAPER, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
My Invention relates to the damping or wetting of paper for the purpose of pre-
paring the same for copying letters or other documents, and it has for its object
enabling that operation to be performed in a more efficient and expeditious manner
than is attainable by the process now in use.
In carrying out my Invention in order to effect this object, I employ a bottle of
glass or other suitable material, placed normally on its side, that is to say, in a
horizontal position, and having an opening at its front end for the reception of a
piece of felt or other substance adapted for absorbing moisture and conveying it
to the paper to be damped or wetted..
A hole (which may be closed by a cork or other stopper) is provided in the side
of the bottle for the facility of filling it without the necessity for withdrawing the
felt and for lifting the bottle from its normal horizontal position, the bottle by this
means being filled more effectually and without liability to leakage.
The bottle is also formed with a hollow annular projection or swelling towards
its front end for the purpose of maintaining that end in such a position that the
opening containing the felt or other absorbent substance will always be situate
above the level of the water so as to prevent leakage from that point, whilst at the
same time the additional space thus provided in the bottle augments its holding
capacity with a given weight of bottle.
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IMITATION TAPESTRY CLOTH
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Morton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st March 1877.
ALEXANDER MORTON, of Darvel, in the County of Ayr, North Britain. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IMITATION TAPESTRY CLOTH."
This Invention which relates to improvements in the manufacture of imitation
tapestry cloth, suitable for curtain and other like purposes, has for its object the
production of such cloth with a finished face or pattern on both sides. This object
is effected in cases where the pattern is composed of but a few colours by using
three warps, two of which are woven in by the weft so as to form the pattern, and
the third is woven in so as to produce the body or ground of the cloth. The two
former warps appear on the surface as a part of the pattern at the places required
in accordance with the nature of the pattern. These two warps also serve to bury
or hide the surplus weft, over and above that required to form either cloth or a
portion of the pattern, thereby preventing the two faces from being interfered with
by the surplus weft.
In cases where the pattern consists of a great many colours this is produced by
using in the first place the three warps as herein-before mentioned, two of which
are of the colours necessary to produce part of the pattern, the remaining colours
of the pattern being produced by additional shuttles of weft, which are shut in or
enclosed between the two flowing warps at all places except where they are required
to show the pattern.
AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF TILE
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Henry Murray at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st May 1877.
CHARLES HENRY MURRAY, of Loman Street, in the Borough of Southwark,
Engineer. "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF TILE."
This Invention relates to the manufacture of roofing tiles of an improved form,
the objects being to minimise the per-centage of defective tiles and to obtain a com-
paratively light ornamental roof covering which shall not only be water-tight, but
which shall have the property of retaining snow that may be deposited thereon
until it is dissolved, and thus prevent it falling in avalanches and injuring adjacent
plants, greenhouses, or forcing frames.
The tile is made flat on its under side, with retaining stops as usual near its upper
edge, and with parallel sides extending for nearly two-thirds of its length, com-
mencing from its upper edge. The tiles terminates in a curved pendant piece so
formed as to produce undulating lines longitudinally of the roof, at the lower edge
of each row of tiles. The parallel sides of the tile are provided with vertical flanges,
to form raised butt joints with adjacent tiles, and over these butt joints are laid the
tiles of the next adjacent row. In order that these lapping tiles may bed flat upon
the lower tiles, they are formed with a half round longitudinal recess to receive
the flanges of the butt joints. These recesses terminate externally in a flanged foot
or projection, which acts as a stop when the roof is covered with snow, and
effectually prevents the snow from slipping down in large masses, while it offers no
obstruction to the free flow of rain or melted snow.
For the purpose of lightening the tile, I propose in some cases to cut away the
upper angles thereof, such parts being covered by the overlapping tiles. This form
of tile lends itself to the production of half and quarter tiles, which are requisite for
completing the roofing without interfering with the ornamental pattern produced
by the combination of the tiles, and as the under face of the tiles is flat from edge to
edge, there will be little or no tendency for it to warp in the drying or firing of the
same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRYING STOVES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bernoulli Barlow at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th June 1877.
HENRY BERNOULLI BARLOW, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Patent Agent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DRYING STOVES." A communication from
abroad by Jacques Armengaud, Senior (Père), of 45, Rue St. Sebastien, Paris,
France.
This Invention is particularly adapted to stoves for drying malt, but it may be
applied for drying cakes of soap and other articles or materials.
The drying stove consists of four or other convénient number of perforated floors
placed one above the other on which the malt or other material is spread, and a
current of air is produced by a fan or other agent placed below the lowest floor to
draw the air from the top to the bottom of the stove; the floors are heated by steam
pipes or other equivalents, the greatest heat being on the lowest floor from which
the dried malt or other material is discharged.
The heated air discharged by the fan is forced through recuperative pipes which
absorb part of the heat, and impart it to the fresh air that is admitted to the top-
most chamber of the stove.
In order to reduce the labour in working the above stove and the cost of
construction, the Invention can be modified by placing four or other convenient
number of floors, divided by suitable partitions, on the same level.
The currents of heated air are drawn alternately from above through the layers
of malt or other material on the floors by a fan or other agent.
The perforated sheet-metal floors rest upon tiles to regulate the current of air and
to prevent the radiation of heat from the steam. pipes. The spaces above the floors
are supplied with air which is heated by the recuperator above described.
AN IMPROVED STOPPER FOR BOTTLES."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Smith at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th May 1877.
FREDERICK SMITII, of New North Road, in the County of Middlesex, Cork
Merchant. AN IMPROVED STOPPER FOR BOTTLES."
This Invention consists in the construction of a simple, cheap, and effective
stopper, equally applicable for bottles for containing aerated or gaseous liquids,
ginger beer, ale, porter, and other fermented beverages, wines, spirits, and other
liquids, and also for bottles containing volatile substances.
The improved stopper is constructed of a tapered spindle or cylinder of any
suitable non-porous material, such as hard wood, glass, or porcelain; around the
periphery of the spindle or cylinder I form a number of separate circular indentations
or grooves, and the top of the cylinder or spindle is enlarged and formed with a
shoulder to prevent the stopper being accidentally forced too far in the neck of the
bottle. On the lower end of the cylinder or spindle I place a ring of round india-
rubber, fitting tightly thereon, but so that it can by pressure be rolled on the
cylinder or spindle.
To close a bottle with a stopper of this construction, the end thereof is placed in
the neck of the bottle, and, pressure being applied, the stopper is forced further in
the neck, causing the ring to roll upwards until a perfect joint is formed by the
india-rubber being firmly pressed against the inner surface of the neck of the
bottle.
To open the bottle the stopper is simply withdrawn upwards, and can be removed
without difficulty; at the same time it will not be forced out by the internal pressure
of the liquid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING OR REDUCING STONE AND SIMILAR MATERIALS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Young and Thomas Thomson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th May 1877.
ROBERT YOUNG, Engineer, and THOMAS THOMSON, Builder, both of Glasgow, in
the County of Lanark, North Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING
OR REDUCING STONE AND SIMILAR MATERIALS."
This Invention relates to a simple and effective arrangement of machinery for
cutting or reducing stone and similar materials, and it consists in employing
what may be termed a cycloidal rocker, which rocking from side to side across
the direction in which the stone is made to progress through the machine, cuts
down or reduces the stone surface by the rolling crushing action of one or more
knives or cutters without any sawing or rubbing process.
The cycloidal rocker, which is of an approximately triangular form, is guided at
three points; one point to which the knife edge is made concentric, or nearly so, is
guided in a straight guide, parallel to the surface of the stone, and the other two
points are guided in guides of a cycloidal form, or nearly so, or they are guided by
suitably disposed radius bars or links. The rocker is moved by a revolving crank
pin, a connecting rod from which is jointed to the rocker at a point, by preference, a
short distance from the rectilneally guided point of it.
Mouldings can be formed on the stone by giving suitable configurations to the
edges of the rocking knives or cutters.
When the rocker is fitted with two or more knives, they are graduated in position
so that the following knifes or knives cut deeper in succession.
The stone may be
fed or made to progress either continuously or intermittently. The rectilineal guide
is parallel to the surface produced on the stone, and the parts may be arranged with
that guide, either horizontal, vertical, or inclined.
The rocking cutter may be of steel or cast iron, or of any suitable metal or
inetallic compound heretofore used for cutting stone.
PROVEMENTS IN MILITARY WEAPONS, TO BE KNOWN AS THE DAVIS COMBINATION SWORD."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Davis at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th December 1877.
" LM-
WALTER DAVIS, of Parkrange, Westbury Park, Durdham Down, Bristol.
PROVEMENTS IN MILITARY WEAPONS, TO BE KNOWN AS THE DAVIS COMBINATION
SWORD."
The Davis combination sword consists of the ordinary regulation sword, cavalry
and infantry, with a six chambered revolver at the hilt or hand guard, the hilt of
the sword answering for stock of revolver, as is shown in the Drawing annexed.
The chambers take Colonel Boxer's cartridge (regulation pattern). The steel scabbard
is cut in sections, and provided with stop hinges to fold up in the form of rifle stock.
It is attached to a sword hilt by a simple slot and catch. The whole forms an
efficient repeating carbine, or without the scabbard attachment a sword and
revolver in one and the same weapon.
The weapon is sighted up to one hundred yards, more or less, the foresight being
taken from the point of the sword.
AN IMPROVED MATERIAL TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOK COVERS, TRUNKS, PORTMANTEAUS, DRESS BASKETS, AND OTHER ARTICLES WHERE PAPER, CARDBOARD, OR MILLBOARD IS NOW USED
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Henry Seller at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th October 1877.
MICHAEL HENRY SELLER, of 23, Buckingham Street, Strand, in the County of
Middlesex, Trunk Manufacturer. "AN IMPROVED MATERIAL TO BE USED IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOK COVERS, TRUNKS, PORTMANTEAUS, DRESS BASKETS,
AND OTHER ARTICLES WHERE PAPER, CARDBOARD, OR MILLBOARD IS NOW USED."
Cork covered with linen or waterproof, advering to same by a solution of
gutta percha and naptha, as a substitute for paper, cardboard, millboard, or any
board made with straw, grass, rag, or rope, to be used in the manufacture of all
articles relating to bookbinding, trunks, portmanteaus, hat cases, bags, satchels, valises,
dress baskets, and every requisite for travelling purposes.
Cork or wood covered as above and protected on outer surface by steel to be used
instead of iron for ledges and clips on trunks, portmanteaus, dress baskets, &c., as at
present used.
Cork covered with linen for flaps in trunks, portmanteaus, dress baskets, &c., with
india-rubber tubing round edges in each side of flaps, so as to make same air and
water-tight.