New OR IMPROVED MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OR IRON
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jeremiah Brown, of Kingswinford, in the County of
Stafford, Machinist, for the Invention of "New OR IMPROVED MACHINERY TO
BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OR IRON"
然
Sealed the 4th November 1856, and dated the 19th May 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jeremiah Brown at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th May 1856.
I, JEREMIAH BROWN, of Kingswinford, in the County of Stafford, Machinist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "NEW OR IMPROVED
MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of rolling or squeezing machinery; to be used in that
stage of the iron manufacture at which the iron, after having been puddled, is
subjected to compression previous to being rolled into bars, or made into other
forms. The said machinery consists of two pairs of rolls, the largest pair
being situated one over the other, as ordinary rolls. The smaller pair of rolls
are placed on the same level, one on one side, and the other on the other side
of the large rolls, the said small rolls preventing anything between the large
rolls from falling out. The large rolls are not cylindrical, but have, in
transverse section the figure of an involute curve, the radius of the curved
surface passing gradually from a minimum to a maximum. Between these

page_text: two points a portion of the roll is cut or hollowed away, so as to form a cavity,
into which the ball of iron to be treated is placed. The ball of iron is delivered
by the rotation of the upper roll on to the lower roll, where it is subjected to
a rotatory squeezing process, by the gradually approaching surfaces of the
rolls. The surfaces of the large rolls are furnished with teeth, so as to give
them better hold of the ball of iron. The ball is delivered on an inclined
plane by the lower roll. The side rolls are made to slide horizontally, so as
to accomodate themselves to the changing size of the ball of iron. As the ball
diminishes in diameter, it increases in length, and I cause the ball to receive a
series of blows on its ends, by means of percussive machinery, which acts
through the side framing of the machine, and is worked from the large rolls.
The journals of the upper roll may be provided with springs, so as to permit a
small amount of yielding in the said roll.
My Invention consists further in improvements in machinery used in the
manufacture of iron, for which Letters Patent have been granted to me,
bearing date the 3rd day of July 1847. The said improvements consist in
introducing percussive machinery to compress or strike the bloom at one or
both ends, in place of the collars on the rolls, which are described and
represented in the Specification of the said Patent. When I wish to make a
bloom of larger than the ordinary size, I join two or more balls together by
pressing them in a chamber or hopper, previous to putting them into the
blooming machine, herein first described, which in this case is of larger size
than when an ordinary bloom is required. After the bloom leaves the machine,
it is placed upon two rolls having ribs on them, and revolving in the same
direction, one at a greater velocity than the other. By the action of these
rolls, the bloom is cleaned from scoria attached to it, the ribs on the rolls
scraping off the said scoria, which falls down between the said rolls.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jeremiah Brown in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
17th November 1856.
TO ALL TO. WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JEREMIAH
BROWN, of Kingswinford, in the County of Stafford, Machinist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, tho. said

page_text: Jeremiah Brown, Her special licence that I, the said Jeremiah Brown, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Jeremiah
Brown, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "NEW OR IMPROVED
MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Jeremiah Brown, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jeremiah Brown, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, that is to say:-
My Invention consists of the machinery herein-after particularly described,
and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing, for rolling, squeezing, or
compressing iron, at that stage of the manufacture of the said iron at which
the said iron, having been puddled, is subjected to compression, previous to
being rolled into bars or made into other forms.
Figure 1 represents in vertical section, and Figure 2 in front elevation, one.
of the machines constructed according to my Invention; a, b, are rolls situated
over one another; c, d, are small rolls situated in a horizontal plane. The
rolls a, b, are not cylindrical, but have a transverse section, the figure of an
involute curve. The radius of the curved surface passing uniformly from a
minimum to a maximum. The rolls a, b, rotate in the same direction, their
opposed faces moving consequently in opposite directions, and anything placed.
between the rolls a, b, is subjected to a rolling and compressing action. The
side rolls c, d, prevent the mass of iron e from falling from its place. The
ball of iron is introduced between the rolls a, b, when those portions of the rolls.
of shortest radius are opposed to one another, the ball being introduced at the
point marked f. A cavity may be cut in the upper roll a, at its smallest
diameter, for the purpose of more readily permitting of the introduction of the
mass of iron. The surfaces of the rolls a, b, are furnished with a series of
teeth, as represented, so as to give them a better hold of the ball of iron. The
mass of iron introduced at f, is, by the rotation of the rolls a, b, compressed.

page_text: and rolled into a cylindrical form, without any lapping or doubling of one
portion of the iron upon another. The side rolls c, d, are made to slide
horizontally, so as to follow the ball of iron e, as its diameter diminishes. This
sliding is effected by the collars l, m, of the rolls c, d, sliding in the slots g, h;
cambs, k, by their rotation, forcing the journals l, m, towards each other, as
the size of the ball e diminishes. The rotation of the cambs i,.k; is produced
by the axes of the said cambs being geared in any convenient manner to the
axes of the rolls a, b. During the tiine that the ball e is being compressed by
the rolls a, b, I subject the said ball to compression in the direction of its axis,
or as it is technically called, I "upset" the ball by means of compressing or
percussive machinery, acting on one or both ends of the ball. The nature of
this "upsetting" machinery will be understood by reference to Figure 2; n, is
a ram or plunger sliding horizontally upon the rollers o, o, the said ram n,
passing through a hole in the framing of the machine, and striking the ball e
on its end. The ram n may be actuated by a horizontal shaft having a crank,
to which the said ram is jointed by a link or connecting rod, as shewn in
Figure 4. The rollers o, o, may also be put in motion, so as to assist the
motion of the ram n, or instead of the rollers o, o, two pinions may be
employed, engaging in a rack on the underside of the ram n; or the ram n
may be actuated by a quick threaded screw being made to give to it an
alternating motion. The working of the ram n is independent of the working
of the rolls a, b, so that the upsetting action of the said ram may be continued
while the rotation of the rolls a, b, is stopped. When the upsetting is effected
on one side only, then one of the rolls a, b, is provided with a flange similar to
that herein-after described, and represented at q; Figure 5. I sometimes place
a' ram on either side of the machine, as represented in Figure 4, in which case
the rolls are without a flange, and the pinion 7, by which motion is communi-
cated to the rolls is hollow, so that the second ram n' may act through it.
Instead of "upsetting" the ball of iron by means of percussive or compressing
machinery separate froin the rolls a, b, I sometimes effect the same object by
means of flanges on the rolls themselves, the said flanges not being parallel,
but having an undulating or zig-zag figure on their faces, the projecting part of
one face being opposed to the depressed part of the face of the other flange; I
prefer to make the undulating surfaces of the flanges of the rolls by inserting
pieces of steel on those parts of the flanges which project. The ball when
acted upon by the said rolls is compressed laterally by the said flanges. The
bearings of the rolls a, b, Figures 1 and 2, may be provided with springs, so as
to permit of a small amount of yielding in the said rolls. I do not limit
myself to any particular method of applying the said springs, but I prefer to

page_text: apply them in the following manner :-I place on the tops of the screws p, p,
pinions, with which a toothed wheel between them engages. On the said
toothed wheel an arm or lever is placed, and I apply the spring to the said
arm or lever. The screws p, p, have four or more threads, so as to be quick
acting, and capable of yielding when the resistance of the iron between the rolls
is greater than the pressure of the springs. Figure 3 represents in section,
and Figure 4 in elevation, a modification of the machine, Figures 1 and 2..
In this modification, the rolls a³, b', are not placed over one another, but in an
inclined position, as represented. By this modification, only one side roll c¹³ is.
required to prevent the ball e from falling from between the rolls a³, b'. n, n¹,
are the rams by which the "upsetting" is effected, which rams may be actuated.
by cranks and connecting links, one of the said cranks s and connecting
link t being represented in Figure 4.
My Invention consists further of improvements in the machinery used in:
the manufacture of iron, for which Letters Patent were granted to me, bearing
date the Third day of. July, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and forty-seven. The said improvements are illustrated in Figure 5,
which represents in section a machine constructed according to this part of my
Invention. The said improvements consist in the use with the machine
Figure 5 of a ram, such as is represented in Figure 2, or of. two rams, as
represented in Figure 4. There is a flange g on the lower roll u, and in that:
part of the flange marked q', I insert a piece of steel. The ball is "upset".
between the ram and the flange q, the principal action.being against that part
of the flange in which the steel is inserted. When I apply two rams with the
machine Figure 5, I make the bottom roll u without a flange, the "upsetting"
of the ball of iron being effected between two rams, as in Figure 4.
I some-
times make the ends of the rams of a triangular Figure, as represented in:
Figure 6, so that they may more completely occupy the space between. the
rolls when the said rolls have approached each other closely. The end of the
ram when used with any of the machines, may be made of steel, either forged
on to the said ram, or inserted by screwing, or otherwise, therein. I apply to:
the machine last described, and represented in Figure 5, the four or quick
threaded screws, for the purpose of pressing upon the bearings of the rolls
herein-before described, and represented in Figures 1, 2, and 3, and I apply a
spring to the said screws in the manner described, with reference to the said:
Figures 1 and 2. I make the large rolls of the several machines described
hollow, so as to permit of the circulation of water through the said rolls, for
the purpose of cooling them. The thickness of the hollow rolls is indicated.
in Figure 3. The ball after it is delivered from either of the machines

page_text: represented, is received upon an inclined plane v, Figure 5, down which it
passes on to a pair of rolls w, a, Figure 5. These rolls have ribs or teeth on
them, and revolve in the same directions, but at different speeds. By the action.
of these rolls the ball is cleaned from scoria, the ribs on the rolls scraping off
the said scoria which falls down between the said rolls. I also apply to the
lower roll of the machine, Figure 5, the flanges, having undulating or zig-zag
faces, as herein-before described, for upsetting the ball in place of rams.
I wish it to be particularly understood, that my improvements in the
machine, Figure 5, formerly patented by me, consists in the application thereto
of the four-threaded or quick screw, the single or double ram, the undulating
or zig-zag flanges, and the two rolls w, a, for cleansing the ball of scoria.
When I wish to make a bloom of larger than the ordinary size, I join two or
more balls together, by pressing them in a chamber or hopper, previous to
putting them into the blooming machine, herein first described, which in this
case is of larger size than when an ordinary bloom is required. In converting
balls of iron into slab moulds, I use a pair of rolls, the lower one having
flanges between which the upper roll works; the said flanges being thicker in.
one part than in another, so that the distance between their opposed faces is
greater at one point than at another. The ball is introduced between the rolls
when the greatest width between the flanges is presented, and as the rolls
rotate, the narrow part of the roll carries forward the ball, which is rolled out.
into a slab mould.. The ball may be passed through the roll several times.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood, that I do not limit.
myself to the precise details herein described and represented, as the same may
be varied without departing from the nature of my said Invention; but I claim
as my Invention,-
Firstly, the machines herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 1, 2,.
3, and 4 of the accompanying Drawing, to be used in the manufacture of iron,
that is to say, machines in which a ball of iron is subjected to a squeezing and
rolling action, between a pair of large rolls of varying radius, the ball being:
held between tho said large rolls by one or two small side rolls, as herein;
described and represented:.
Secondly, "upsetting" or compressing laterally the ball of iron while in the
machines, Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, by the machinery described and represented,
whether a single or double ram be employed.
Thirdly, the use of undulating or zig-zag flanges on the rolls, and the in-
sertion of steel in flanges of rolls for compressing balls of iron, as herein-before
described.

page_text: Fourthly, making the large rolls of machines, herein described and repre-
sented, hollow, for the circulation of water therethrough, as herein described,
and illustrated in Figure 3 of the accompanying Drawing.
Fifthly, the use of a screw having four or greater number of threads for the
purpose of acting upon rolls for compressing iron, as herein described and illus-
trated in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 5, of the accompanying Drawing.
Sixthly, the use of two rolls as herein described and represented in the
accompanying Drawing for cleansing the ball from scoria.
Seventhly, the making of slab moulds from balls of iron by the use of rolls
having flanges of varying widths, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jeremiah Brown, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
JEREMIAH BROWN. (L.S.)
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW.