matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRIVING PILES AND DRAWING SAME
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Robbins at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th October
1864.
I, JAMES ROBBINS, of Howley Street, York Road, Lambeth, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention- for
"IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRIVING PILES AND DRAWING SAME,"
to be as follows:-
The improved machinery or apparatus above mentioned consists of a
cylinder fitted with a piston having one or two piston rods, or it may be worked
without a piston rod or rods, that is to say, I employ either a plate or piston
without a rod, or a rod on one or both sides of said plate or piston. To said
piston rod or rods, plate or piston, chains or ropes are attached, and are con-
nected to falling weights or monkies similar to those at present used in pile-
driving engines. The aforesaid cylinder may be placed either horizontal or
vertical; if vertical, a chain, rope, or self-acting clams, or a grip, may be
actuated by the piston when a piston rod. or rods are not used. Steam, air, or
other motive power is admitted or driven into said cylinder, or compressed
therein, or exhausted therefrom, or cut off from the back of or on one side of
the single-action piston, and alternately on either side of a double-action
piston. The power is cut off from or exhausted on one side of the piston,
and admitted or allowed to act on the opposite side, thereby driving the piston
and raising the weight or monkey connected therewith; said weight or
monkey may be detached by self-acting clams or otherwise, and be allowed to

page_text: descend as may be required. In using atmospheric air as the motive power,
a vacuum being formed at one side of the piston and the air admitted on the
other side, a force will thus be exerted on the piston nearly equal to the
pressure of the atmosphere, or fifteen pounds to the square inch. By these
means several piles may be driven at one time, or only one at a time, as may
be required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS CONNECTED WITH MACHINERY USED IN MANUFACTURING COMPRESSED FUEL
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Grantham at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th August
1864.
I, JOHN GRANTHAM, of 17, King's Arms Yard, Coleman Street, in the City
of London, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS CONNECTED WITH MACHINERY USED
IN MANUFACTURING COMPRESSED FUEL," to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention consists in an improved dryer required for
drying the coals before mixing the pitch, as used in making compressed fuel.
This dryer is formed by one or more large cylinders placed horizontally and
surrounded by a brick flue, and heated by a furnace from beneath. These
cylinders by simple mechanical means are made to revolve slowly, exposing
the whole surface alternately to the fire. Inside of these cylinders and
attached to them are made spiral or inclined flanges, and at the ends are
suitable boxes into which the cylinders are fitted, so as to allow them, to
revolve while the boxes are stationary. Into one of these boxes the coal to
be dried is placed, and it is thence passed through the cylinders, being moved
forward by the spiral flanges till it reaches the box at the other end, from
which it is drawn off when dry to be taken to the mixers. At this point
commences the second part of my Invention; this consists of what is called.
a traveller or elevator placed under the boxes, from which the dry coal is..
drawn; it is formed of a hollow trough in which is a shaft and a screw, which:
being made to revolve convey the dry coal towards the mixer. At this point

page_text: it may be necessary to add another elevator to raise the coal into a chamber
over the mixers, where the pitch or other material to be mixed with it is
applied, thus saving labor and preventing the dust which arises from the dry
coal on its removal by the present system from the dryers to the mixers.
The traveller or elevator may be formed by an endless band having buckets
and by other well-known mechanical contrivances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR REFINING PETROLEUM AND OTHER OILS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Horace Brandon at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd September 1864.-A communication from William Porter Downer,
Captain, of New York, United States of America.
I, ALEXANDER HORACE BRANDON, Engineer, of 13, Rue Gaillon, Paris, do'
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR REFINING PETROLEUM AND OTHER OILS," to be as follows:-
One of the processes employed for refining petroleum and other oils consists
in agitating such liquids with a certain proportion of sulphuric acid, caustic
soda, water, or other materials, and for such purpose hitherto open stationary
vats or stationary vats with loose covers have been employed, wherein the
acid or other materials are brought into contact with the supernatant oil by
means of agitators worked by hand or by motive power. The operation
carried out in such machines is necessarily long and often incomplete, mainly
on account of the great difference in the specific gravity of the two liquids and
the consequent difficulty in bringing the different molecules of each into
intimate contact. In order to overcome these difficulties it is now proposed
to use a new rotary washer or agitator which is closed hermetically after
the introduction of the liquids to be agitated, the said washer consisting in
a cylindrical vat of metal placed horizontally, and suspended on bearings
arranged centrally with the said vessel, provided internally with one or more
metallic vanes extending the whole length of the vat and parallel with its
axis, the height to which these vanes rise varying according to the substances

page_text: under treatment and averaging one-sixth of the diameter of the vat, whilst
they are rivetted tight to the inside of the vat, so that during its rotation
they lift successively from the bottom the heavier liquids and pour them
gradually in and on the lighter liquids floating above. Externally this
machine is provided with appropriate cocks for charging and discharging
the liquids, and, if requisite with a man-hole for. facilitating inspection,
repairs, and cleaning. Where artificial, heat is desirable, steam or hot air
can be introduced through one of the trunnions or axis of the machine,
made hollow for that purpose, whilst after condensation or cooling such
heating agents may be allowed to escape through the second trunnion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Lister at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd September
1864.
I, GEORGE LISTER, of Clement Street, Leamington, in the County of
Warwick, Carpenter and Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object to obviate the danger incidental to the use
of fire-arms as at present constructed, arising from the arrangement of the
hammer and the method of striking to produce the discharge. Instead of
producing the discharge of the piece by the blow of the hammer, I do
so by the friction of a small plate interposed between the touch-hole and a
small piece of copper or other material, on which the detonating powder or
fusee is applied. I so arrange the parts that they do not project from the
general outline of the gun, and cannot therefore be acted on accidentally, as
usual. This I prefer also to be the case with the trigger, but a trigger of the
ordinary construction may be employed; it having a guard, however, is not so
liable to produce accidents as the hammer. As before mentioned, I use a
small piece or strip of copper, on which the detonating powder, or other com-
pound that will take fire by friction, is placed; this is disposed facing the
touch-hole, which emerges through the side of the barrel; the copper plate
fits into a small recess, and is held in position by a little slide or spring.
Between the detonating powder and the touch-hole a chase is formed in the
plate of the lock, in which is fitted a piece of steel roughened on the face that

page_text: is next the detonating powder; this piece of steel is interposed between the
powder and the touch-hole, and when in such position the gun is ready for
firing. This roughened sliding piece is operated by a spring and arm or lever,
and is secured in position by a spring bolt, so that it cannot be moved until
released from such spring bolt. This spring bolt is operated by the pressure
of the thumb on the top of the stock or gun in the act of firing, and until
such takes place any movement of the trigger cannot cause the discharge of
the gun. When the pressure of the thumb is applied the trigger will be freo
to cause the discharge of the gun; this it does by withdrawing its support
from the friction piece, which is then operated by its spring arm, causing the
rubbing of the roughened surface on the detonating powder, which will be
ignited thereby and produce explosion. I prefer to substitute for the ordinary
trigger a small knob or countersunk lever, to be pressed by the finger, which,
with all the other parts, may be flush with the stock, or nearly so, and
therefore not liable to induce accidents.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MACHINES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Augustus Applegath at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th February
1864.
I, AUGUSTUS APPLEGATH, of Dartford, in the County of Kent, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MACHINES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in printing machines, and
is applicable for printing in several colors from flat forms. For this purpose
I employ a central printing cylinder, and around it I arrange as many type
cylinders as there are colors to be employed. Each type cylinder is cut
away on one side to form a flat surface of sufficient extent to receive a flat
form as large as the surface of paper it is desired to print. The form on each
cylinder carries the type which is to be printed in the color corresponding
to this cylinder, and the remaining or curved portion of each type cylinder
forms an inking table, on which, as the cylinder revolves, ink is distributed by
small rollers kept up to it by springs, and these rollers ink the type as it passes
under them. The printing cylinder is geared with the type cylinders, and is
of such a size as to revolve just clear of them, except that at one part of its
circumference a bulge is made, and on to this bulge the paper is laid, a sheet
being supplied by the feeding apparatus at each revolution of the cylinder.
The bulge on the printing cylinder is of such a size and form as to bring the
paper in contact in succession, and with a uniform pressure with each of
the flat forms on the type cylinders, and thus the paper is printed, the

page_text: cylinders being so timed that as the bulge on the printing cylinder comes
opposite each type cylinder, the form thereon meets it. It will be seen that in
this arrangement all the cylinders are kept in rotation at a uniform speed,
and that a complete impression printed with all the colors is thrown off at
each revolution. In machines of large size it is preferable to arrange the
cylinders on vertical axes, but for small machines it is more convenient to
arrange them on horizontal axes. In order to supply the ink to the dis-
tributing surfaces and inking rollers I employ a supply roller having a small
ink trough containing the ink kept constantly in contact with it, this trough
is much shorter than the supply roller, but is made to traverse continually
from end to end of it. By causing the ink trough to traverse along the
supply roller I am able to set the machine to work with only a small quantity
of ink, which with colored_inks is a matter of importance.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN STANDS FOR TELESCOPES AND OTHER SUCH LIKE INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Lyon Berthon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
June 1864.
I, EDWARD LYON BERTHON, of the Vicarage, Romsey, in the County of
Kent, Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN STANDS FOR TELESCOPES AND OTHER SUCH LIKE INSTRUMENTS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of stands
for telescopes and other similar instruments, the objects being to enable their
inclination to be regulated and maintained in a more ready manner than
by the ordinary construction of stand; to enable them to be more readily
rotated, and to allow of their being taken to pieces and put together with
great facility, and packed up in a small compass. I propose to construct
the tripod or feet of the stand in three separate portions, the outer extre-
mities of which are provided with castors, balls, or rollers, the other ends to
form the centre of the tripod, when united, consisting of circular rings or
discs perforated to receive the pivot of the pillar. Each of these circular
portions is one-third the thickness of the metal of the tripod, and their
position is so arranged as to allow of their junction and fitting one above
the other. A thumbscrew underneath the feet serves to tighten them
together by clamping them between the base of the standard or pedestal
and the pivot screw passing through them.
The top of the pillar is furnished with a semicircular or grooved plate to

page_text: support the holder of the telescope as usual; the end of the telescope
body nearest the eye piece has a projection underneath it for the purpose
of receiving, by a pin or joint, the elevating or depressing screw rod.
The lower part of the pillar is also furnished with a similar projection and
joint for the purpose of receiving a socket of a tube or hollow grip into which
the screw rod is inserted. The upper part of this tube is opened or split after
the manner of a crayon holder, each section being provided with a semi-
circular female screw thread corresponding with the male threads of the
elevating and depressing rod. A ring slide serves to close the tube and
tighten the threads together in gear. The rough adjustment may be effected
by fixing the sectional screw part of the depressing and elevating rod, and
the fine adjustment may then be effected by the lower extremity of the
tube being turned in either direction in the socket by means of a milled
edged button, and consequently the telescope or other instrument will be
further elevated or depressed by the motion of the screw rod. When
the stand is taken to pieces, the tube is secured to the side of the pedestal
by the entrance of a short screw held at the requisite height by a third
projection.
The stand has a pivot at the bottom of the pillar which is inserted in a hole
in a smooth level slab or plate of slate or other suitable material, on which
the rollers travel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th September 1864.-A communication from abroad by Cosme Garcia
Saez, of Madrid, Spain.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists chiefly of a new breech-piece applicable either to
new breech-loading arms, or for transforming muzzle-loading into breech-
loading arms. This breech-piece is composed of two parts, one of which is
fixed, and is fitted at one end to the butt in the ordinary manner, and at the
other end to the barrel; the other part is movable, and is hinged to the fore
end of the fixed part, into which it fits; this movable part is for containing
the charge. The fixed part is hollowed out to receive the movable part. The
fixed part is formed with two lugs, one on each side to receive a pivot, on
which the movable part is free to turn; the movable part is bored for a
portion of its length to receive the cartridge. When required to load the
movable piece is raised, and is caused to make about half a revolution round
its pivot in order that it may occupy-a, horizontal position the reverse to that
it occupies when in position for firing; the movable part now lies upon the
forward portion of the fixed part, the cartridge or projectile is then inserted
into the movable part, so that the base of the projectile bears against the
bottom of the bore of the movable part; when the movable part is returned

page_text: to the position for firing the cartridge is in the proper position to be exploded.
To secure the movable part in the hollowed out portion of the fixed part I
employ a locking pin or key, which passes transversely through the fixed part
of the breech-piece immediately behind the hollowed out portion. A part of
the pin is filed or removed at about its middle on one side to correspond to
the circular or rounded form of the movable part, and consequently to that
of the hollowed out portion of the fixed part of the breech-piece, the pin is
furnished at the left side of the gun with. a handle similar to the handle of a
cock. The handle occupies a vertical position when the parts are not locked,
and a horizontal position when the locking is effected. The handle acts as it
were as a safety key, for when the cartridge has been inserted, and the
movable part returned to position for firing, it is sufficient to give the handle
about turn to produce sufficient tightening or locking on the rear of the
movable part owing to the action of the full or non-removed portion of the
pin. When the handle is vertical, if the hammer is accidentally lowered it
comes in contact with the handle and cannot therefore strike the nipple, but
when the breech is firmly secured the bandle is horizontal and does not
interfere with the action of the hammer.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Edwards Wilson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th July 1864.
I, JAMES EDWARDS WILSON, of Upper Norwood, in the County of Surrey,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES," to be as follows:
This Invention has for its object improvements in locomotive engines.
For this purpose the two steam cylinders are fixed end to end under the
boiler in the central longitudinal line of the locomotive, which has six wheels,
and the axle of each of the two end wheels has a slight locking motion, in
order that it may accommodate itself to the curves on the railway. Each of
the end axles has also a rectangular frame, to which the oil or grease boxes
and springs are applied. The ends of the framing of the locomotive rest by
two transverse bearers or bars on the ends of this rectangular frame, and the
end framings of the locomotive are prevented rising from the rectangular end
frames, and also from moving too far horizontally by suitable clips or stops.
It is preferred that the two steam engines should give motion to all three
axles, and with this object the piston rod of each cylinder is connected by a
forked connecting rod to crank pins on the wheels; on one of the end axles
the forked connecting rod is connected to the piston rod by horizontal and
vertical pin joints.

page_text: In order to give motion from the piston rods to the central axle and the
wheels thereon, each piston rod carries a cross head, to which connecting rods
are attached at one of their ends, the other ends being connected with crank
pins carried by the two wheels on the central axle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FLOOR CLOTHS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bland Wood at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
September 1864.
I, JOHN BLAND WOOD, of Broughton, in the Parish of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Doctor of Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of
the Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FLOOR CLOTHS," to be
as follows:-
I take buffalo or other untanned hides or parts of hides previously mace-
rated in water, the temperature of which should not exceed eighty degrees of
Fahrenheit, the water being slightly acidulated with hydrochloric acid, using
for this purpose about one part of the commercial acid to a thousand parts
of water. The shreds or strips of hides should be allowed to remain in this
water for the period of one or two days, or until the texture of the hides is
sufficiently softened. The hides or shreds are then removed from the bath in
which they were immersed, and subsequently put into a rag engine or other
suitable machine, in which they are macerated or bruised in combination
with a sufficient quantity of water until the whole shall be reduced into one
uniform fluid fibrous mass. This is afterwards to be mixed with from fifty
to sixty per cent. of cotton, cotton waste, linen, or linen waste, linsey, linsey
rags, or other fibrous materials, until the whome becomes equally blended
throughout. The liquid fibrous pulp thus obtained is afterwards placed in a
vat in which it is kept constantly in motion, from which the flow is regulated
as required on to the wire of a machine. similar in most respects to that

page_text: for making paper, the remaining portion of the process approximating_very
closely to that now in use for the manufacture of paper or mill boards, the
thickness and width of the material being regulated at pleasure. The
cloth thus made is afterwards coated over with varnish or oil paint until an
equal and uniform body is obtained, upon which any pattern or design that
may be necessary can be made, as is now done in the manufacture of oil and
other similar cloths.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON, WORSTED, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Anderton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th February
1864.
I, WILLIAM ANDERTON, of Cleckheaton, near Leeds, in the County of York,
Worsted Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON, WORSTED,
SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to prevent bobbins which do not traverse
being disadvantageously affected in their rotation by the speed of the driven
or friction of dead spindles of throstle frames. To this end I fit loosely over
the spindle a tube which carries a flange at its lower end to receive the
bobbin. The spindle is fitted with a flyer, the legs of which carry at their
extremity a ring for preventing the lateral expansion of the flyer when running
at great speed. Outside the flyer I apply a traversing ring, or its equivalent,
furnished with twizzles or eyes for guiding the yarn to the bobbin, and this
ring, or its equivalent, I operate by a lifting rail in the ordinary way. I prefer
to make the traversing ring of untanned hide, pasteboard, or other light material,
which will traverse smoothly and evenly over the legs of the flyer. Or I
pack the guides or notches of these rings, when composed of metal, with cork
or other yielding material, which will prevent the jarring that would other-
wise occur between metal and metal.
AN IMPROVED BOAT-DETACHING APPARATUS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Myer van Wagenen at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th February 1864.
I, WILLIAM MYER VAN WAGENEN, of Newark, New Jersey, United States.
now of No. 12, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Naval Architect, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED BOAT-DETACHING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in the use of a simple swing bolt, to
which the tackle is hooked, secured in or near the stem and stern of a boat,
The free
and in the means employed for confining and releasing the same.
end of each swing bolt is held under the head of an upright bolt, or under a
horizontal bar or ledge, and is retained in position or set free by means of a
pivoted bent lever. A notch of suitable size to receive a portion of the swing
bolt is formed at one end of each lever upon its upper side. To the opposite
end is attached a rod which connects each of the bent levers with an inter-
mediate lever placed on the side of the boat at any convenient point between
the said bent levers. The rods attached to the bent levers extend to this
intermediate lever and are attached thereto, one on either side of the fulcrum
or pivot, so that a single movement of the said intermediate lever sets free onc
end of the swing bolts, permitting the hooks of the tackle to slip off the latter,
and thereby simultaneously detaching both ends of the boat.
MANUFACTURING A COMPOSITION WHICH WILL RENDER RAILWAY AND ALL OTHER TARPAULINS, RICK CLOTHS, WAGGON COVERS, GIG, OMNIBUS, AND ALL OTHER CARRIAGE APRONS AND COVERS, WHETHER COMPOSED OF CANVAS, LEATHER, OR OTHER MATERIAL PERFECTLY WATERPROOF AND NON-COMBUSTIBLE
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Gibbins at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents with his Petition, on the 11th January
1864.
I, JAMES GIBBINS, of 3, Lawn Villas, South Lambeth, in the County of
Surrey, Varnish Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "MANUFACTURING A COMPOSITION WHICH WILL RENDER RAILWAY AND ALL
OTHER TARPAULINS, RICK CLOTHS, WAGGON COVERS, GIG, OMNIBUS, AND ALL OTHER
CARRIAGE APRONS AND COVERS, WHETHER COMPOSED OF CANVAS, LEATHER, OR
OTHER MATERIAL PERFECTLY WATERPROOF AND NON-COMBUSTIBLE," to be as
follows:-
I take whiting, pipeclay, or other argillacious earth, thoroughly dried and
divested of grit, and then add oxides of lead and zinc, together with a solution
of copal, cautchouc, and other gums in vegetable oil; I then add bees-wax, palm
oil, tallow, lard, or other similarly oleaginous matter together with lampblack,
or any other colour that may be required for the purpose of tinting the com-
position, I then grind and incorporate the whole of the materials together in a
mill such as used in grinding ordinary paints and colours. During the process
of admixture the several ingredients should be well stirred together. The
proportions will necessarily be varied according to the purposes for which the
composition is to be employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SIZING COTTON AND OTHER WARPS OR THREADS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wilkinson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd March
1864.
I, WILLIAM WILKINSON, of Hawarth, near Keighley, in the County of York,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SIZING COTTON AND OTHER WARPS OR THREADS," to be as
follows:-
The objects of my Invention are, firstly, to dispense with the condensed
water present in the size by the ordinary method of blowing steam into it
during the operation of sizing cotton and other warps or threads, and thus to
make it of equal and uniform consistency.
And, secondly, to economize the quantity of steam requisite to keep the size
in a fit state for operating upon the cotton or other warps or threads. For
this purpose within the cistern containing the size I place a box, or if preferred
a false bottom furnished with apertures for the ingress and egress of steam,
such ingress apertures communicating with an ordinary steam boiler. The
egress apertures communicate with the outer air.
By this method the size is kept separate from the steam, and the
inequalities so frequent in practice by the ordinary plan are prevented, con-
sequently the size is applied to the warps with better effect, at the same time
a diminution is effected in the quantity of steam required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHOW CASES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Tomlinson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th January
1864.
I, RICHARD TOMLINSON, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lan-
caster, Commercial Traveller, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHOW CASES," to be as
follows:-
I make the skeleton frames of show or glass cases for exhibiting goods for
sale of any iron that can be cast or moulded, and I make the said frames
either whole, or in parts, so as to be keyed or joined together by bolts and nuts
or other similar means, and then the glass is put in the frame in the ordinary
I reserve to myself the use of wood or other suitable material for
the bottom or back parts, and also for the trays to slide in and out when found
desirable. These cases are suitable for the tops of counters or the fronts of
counters themselves, or for various internal decorations for shops, museums,
and exhibitions of every kind.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN WEAVING
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Milligan and Birkett
Duty at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 5th March 1864.
We, WALTER MILLIGAN, of Bradford, in the County of York, Manufacturer,
and BIRKETT DUTY, of the same Place, Overlooker to the said Walter
Milligan, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN WEAVING," to be as follows :—
The improvements relate when employing series of shuttle boxes or shuttle
chambers to means by which a stripping of two or more of such boxes or
chambers may be readily effected from one to any other of the series of shuttles
to bring them in a line with the lay; and the improvements are particularly
applicable to what are called revolving or rotary shuttle boxes. For this
purpose the lever or lifting means employed to operate the parts for giving
motion to the series of boxes or shuttle chambers in either direction is capable
of being lifted to the extra extent desired by another lever or lifting means
which is capable of being slided sideways to the extent desired so as to be
acted upon by tappet surfaces for the amount of extra motion required to the.
boxes. This sliding lever or lifter is drawn in one direction by a spring or
weight, and in the opposite direction by a lever operated by a tappet or other
suitable means whilst this sliding lever is held for the time in the desired
position by filling pieces selected by the jacquard or pattern surface. In place
of moving the sliding lever or lifter sideways a sliding motion may be given to
the series of tappets to act upon it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATORS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Bennett at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th September
1864.
I, SAMUEL BENNETT, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Brass Founder and Copper Smith, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATORS," to be as follows:-
I construct the lubricator on the principle of the syphon, and I regulate and
stop the supply of oil or lubricating matter when it is not required, thus
avoiding waste. I accomplish this by making a syphon cup with a separate
chamber inside of it, with one or more wicks as may be found desirable. In
the said separate chamber I have an axle and lever to raise the wick to any
required height, and thus regulate the supply of oil or lubricating matter to
the amount actually required, and if necessary to stop the flow altogether.
Although I have named an axle and lever for the purpose of raising the
wick, it will be evident to any one possessing mechanical knowledge that the
same may be accomplished by other mechanical equivalents. Or I use a screw
valve to compress the wick on the top of the syphon tube, and thus stop the
supply when necessary. I also apply a self-acting compensator, which I connect
to the side or contiguous to the syphon cup or lubricator for the purpose of
regulating the supply of the lubricating matter, which consists of a vessel of any
convenient shape or form, to one part of which I attach an air-tight vessel with
a tube inside of it; outside the said air-tight vessel, and communicating with the

page_text: inside tube, I have another vertical tube, through which I feed the oil or lubri-
cating matter, and by the connection of the two vertical tubes by a horizontal
tube in the air vessel the lubricating matter will rise in the air-tight vessel
and always preserve a regular and constant supply to the syphon cup, equal to
the quantity discharged therefrom by use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTIFICIAL FUEL
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
September 1864.-A communication from abroad by Paul Baudet, of
Paris, in the Empire of France, Merchant.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTIFICIAL FUEL," a communication to me from abroad
by Paul Baudet, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Merchant, to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to artificial fuel made in the form of blocks, cakes,
or slabs by moulding or otherwise, and consists in so shaping the blocks of
fuel as to afford greater facilities for the circulation of the air through, and
around them when placed within the furnace or fire-place in which they are
intended to be consumed, whereby a better combustion and higher tem-
perature are obtained. For this purpose the blocks of fuel, which may be of
a cylindrical, rectangular, polygonal, or other form, are provided with air
passages formed through the interior thereof so as to render them hollow, or
made with grooves or projections extending along their exterior surfaces in
conjunction or not with internal air passages. Blocks of fuel so shaped when
piled together present numerous air passages and interstices, along which a
free circulation of air and gases can take place.
In some cases it is proposed to combine resinous, tarry, or other inflam-
mable substances with the fuel, either during the time of its manufacture or

page_text: afterwards. In the latter case the fuel may be dipped in a mixture of water
and resin or tar boiled together, which mixture may also be applied to fire-
wood or charcoal in order to increase their combustibility.
When these blocks are too large to be readily grasped by one hand it is
proposed to indent or recess them on opposite sides, so as to afford facility for
their being easily handled.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WASHING COPROLITES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Perkins at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th November
1864.
I, THOMAS PERKINS, of Hitchin, in the County of Herts, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WASHING
COPROLITES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for washing
coprolites. For these purposes a revolving screen or sieve is used, which
revolves partly immersed in water contained in a suitable trough or vessel.
The coprolites or matters containing or mixed with them are supplied con-
stantly at one end, and are delivered constantly at the other end washed and
separated from the water, and also from sand or foreign matters.
The arrangement of the apparatus may be varied, but it is preferred to
employ a cylindrical sieve or screen, which is supplied at one end and delivers
at the other the materials being washed as they pass from one end to the
other of the sieve or screen; the matters separated by washing pass through
the interstices of the screen or sieve. The coprolites in passing out of the
revolving sieve or screen fall into a hollow trough, the bottom of which is
formed of a segment of a circle. At the end of the sieve or screen are
buckets, which enter the trough just mentioned and take up the coprolites
and raise them out of the water; the buckets are perforated so that the water
may drain from the coprolites through the perforations, and descend into the
trough below. The coprolites raised by the buckets out of the water are

page_text: caused to descend on an inclined screen into a suitable receiver, whilst
any water which may drain through the inclined sieve or screen descends on
to an inclined surface below the screen or sieve, and is conducted back into
the trough. In place of raising the coprolites by buckets on the revolving
screen or sieve, they may be taken by buckets on endless chains or bands, and
so delivered. In some cases a screw is used to move the matters in the
cylindrical sieve or screen, and to deliver the coprolites therefrom, or from an
inclined hollow trough.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hiram Washington Hayden at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 9th June 1864.
I, HIRAM WASHINGTON HAYDEN, of Waterbury, in the State of Connecticut,
United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
I make use of a breech block containing a chamber similar to a section of
the barrel of the fire-arm, and curved at the ends upon arcs of circles de-
scribed from trunnions that extend out from the sides of said breech block and
upon which trunnions the breech is turned into a position diagonal to the line
of the barrel for receiving the cartridge, or turned down on line with the
barrel for firing such cartridge. This movement of the breech is effected by
means of a lever that also forms the trigger guard of the fire-arm, said lever
acting in jaws made upon the lower side of the breech. The act of closing
the breech is made to shear off the paper of the cartridge against a stationary
shear, if such kind of cartridge is employed; and the lever also imparts to the
breech a sliding motion end wise on line with the barrel, to press a ferule into
or withdraw it from a recess at the rear end of the barrel to make the parts
gas-tight, the bearings for the trunnions being elongated to allow of this
motion. The rear end of the chamber n the breech is closed when on line
with the barrel by means of a sliding breech-pin with a recessed or cup
shaped end, said breech-pin is slid back before the breech is turned and
afterwards again pressed into the rear end of the chamber when it has been

page_text: turned down into line with the barrel. And to give these motions to the breech-
pin I employ a vertically sliding wedge and curved forks, actuated by afore-
said lever, to operate on projecting studs at the sides of the breech pin for
withdrawing it, or wedge in behind said breech-pin for rendering the parts
tight and sustaining the explosion.
My breech-loading fire-arm is provided with a stock and barrel of any
usual character, and may be adapted to hand use, or employed as a cannon.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Hill at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th August
1864.
I, RICHARD HILL, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufac-
turer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL," to be as follows:-
In manufacturing iron and steel according to my Invention, I take pig or
cast iron, and melt and puddle it in a puddling furnace. I puddle the said
iron until it is so far decarbonized that it assumes a pasty consistence, and
can be balled. When the cast iron has been brought into this state by the
puddling process it has been deprived of any sulphur and phosphorus it may
have contained, and of so much of its carbon as to have become soft steel or
iron of the kind commonly called homogeneous iron. I make the partially
decarbonized iron into balls in the ordinary manner, and transfer the said
balls to a melting furnace. The said balls are melted in the melting furnace,
and the steel or iron poured into ingot or other moulds. Before melting the
balls in the melting furnace, they may be operated upon either by a squeezer
or forge hammer so as to remove some of the scoria formed during the puddling
process. When it is wished to produce bard steel, I add to the melted steel
in the melting furnace a quantity of the cast iron known in commerce as
Speigel Eisen, the quantity added being dependent on the degree of hardness

page_text: it is wished to give to the steel, the greater the quantity of the Speigel Eisen
added to the melted steel the harder the steel will be. The furnaces I employ
in carrying my Invention into effect may either burn solid or gaseous fuel.
The melting furnace may either be used with or without a blast of air.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LOOPED AND CUT PILE' FABRICS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Carnelley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th February
1864.
I, WILLIAM CARNELLEY, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Ware-
houseman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LOOPED AND CUT PILE' FABRICS," to be
as follows:-
My Invention relates to the manufacture or weaving of that description of
looped and "cut pile" fabrics wherein the weft is caused to "float" over the
warp to form the loop, which loops have hitherto been composed entirely of
silk or costly material, although in some instances the "back" or foundation
in which the loops are secured has been made of cotton or inferior material.
My Invention consists in the use of one portion of yarn (say half) composed
of silk, and the remaining portion of cotton or other fibrous material inferior
to silk for making the aforesaid loops or to form the pile when cut; this is to
be effected by the use of two shuttles, one to contain cotton and the other
silk, so that an equal (or if preferred an unequal) amount of both may be
"floated" over the warp to form the loops, the cotton weft being also woven
with the cotton warp to form the "back," but the silk being confined to the
surface, the principal feature of the Invention being the combination of two
descriptions of weft to form the loops to produce an economical looped or cut
pile fabric.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN ROPE-MAKING MACHINERY
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Scrine at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st June
1864.
I, SAMUEL SCRINE, New North Road, in the County of Middlesex, Boot
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ROPE-MAKING MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of a single and double machine worked by manual
or steam power, and comprises a series of reels.
The single machine spins the hemp into strands, which passes through a
hollow tube, and then twists upon a spindle within the tube, and then it is
carried on to a bobbin or reel by means of a toothed wheel attached to the
end of the aforesaid tube, and a lever is fixed to regulate the strands upon
the reel, this being the single machine; the reels are then taken off and
placed in front of the double machine. The reels of the single machine are so
arranged as to carry the strands through tubes similar to the above, and
twisted upon moveable spindles into threes, and then passes through the tube
of the single machine, which causes the threo threads to be twisted into a
rope or cable without any travelling.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING AND CONTROLLING THE FLOW OR SUPPLY OF OIL OR OTHER FLUIDS, WHETHER FOR LUBRICATING OR FILTERING, OR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Norton Nathan Lowenthal Lonsdale
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th October 1864.
I, NORTON NATHAN LOWENTHAL LONSDALE, of 27, Nelson Square, in the
Borough of Southwark, and County of Surrey, Professor of Languages, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR REGULATING AND CONTROLLING THE FLOW OR SUPPLY OF OIL
OR OTHER FLUIDS, WHETHER FOR LUBRICATING OR FILTERING, OR OTHER PURPOSES,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing vessels for the supply or flow of fluids
in drops or otherwise, with an air-tight or closely fitting cover to, upon, or
against the top of the orifice where they are intended to be filled, and with a
valve for the discharge or supply therefrom, so contrived as that the closing or
application of the cover shall open the said valve, and the opening or removal
of the cover shall close it or permit it to close by its weight or a self-acting
arrangement.
And in constructing apparatus with mechanical arrangements in some cases
for the intermittent forcing out of small quantities of fluid from vessels as
above or otherwise constructed, and in other cases for the intermittent opening
and closing of the orifice of discharge so as to permit the dropping or supply
to take place in degree accordingly as the mechanical arrangements are
regulated.

page_text: These arrangements may conveniently be effected by a cam or tappet on a
revolving shaft or other moving part of the machinery acting on a catch or
lever, or otherwise, which will give or cause the required pressure or action,
as above set forth,