A SELF-REGULATING APPARATUS FOR SPOOLING AND WARPING WOOLLEN OR OTHER WARPS OR CHAINS
Year: 1822

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
PRIDE, of Uley, in the County of Gloucester, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present Majesty King George the Fourth, in and by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Sixteenth day of April last, for Himself, His heirs and suc-
cessors, did give and grant unto me, the said William Pride, His special
licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said William Pride,
my executors, administrators, or assigns, and every of them, by myself and
themselves, or by my and their deputy or deputies, servants or agents, or such
others as I, the said William Pride, my executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term of years therein unexpired, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "A SELF-REGULATING APPARATUS
FOR SPOOLING AND WARPING WOOLLEN OR OTHER WARPS OR CHAINS;" in which said
Letters Patent there is contained a proviso, obliging me, the said William
Pride, by any instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particularly
to describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be inrolled in His
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within two calendar months next imme-
diately after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereunt, will more fully appear.
NOW KNOW YE, and these Presents witness, that in compliance with
the said proviso, I, the said William Pride, do hereby ascertain and declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-

page_text: formed, by the Plan or Drawing on these Presents, and the following is the
description thereof:-
By turning the handle at (A) the whole machine is set in motion. The
spindle (B) has two wheels upon it (C, D), of different circumference, which
drive a tin roller E, the great wheel being employed till the spool at (F) on
the spindle (G) is nearly half full; but as the velocity of the spoop would be
now too great, the smaller wheel is brought to work in its stead in the following
manner-The threads at (Z), Fig. 2nd, having been wound round the axis of
the iron wheel (Y), the piece called the traveller (X) is brought forward to the
point (W), at which time the piece (V), falling down on the narrow part (U),
raises the crank (T), by which the great wheel is knocked out of gear, and the
smaller one in, which continues till the spool is finished. On the spindle (B) is
also another small wheel (S), on which is a strap which drives the wheel (M),
on the axis of which is a heart motion, and at the farther end a worm. Under
the heart motion, having a bearing at (P), is a kind of treadle with a small
roller upon it for the heart to work on; attached to the treadle is the lever (R),
which is suspended from the traveller, and is supported by an iron pin passing
through its mortice. The lever being made fast at one end, has no motion
forward or backward, only up and down. Now, it is evident, that when the
wheel at (M) is turned, the heart wheel will produce very irregular motion
upon the treadle, by which the lever will be equally effected, and as there is an
iron rod fastened to the other end of the lever which reaches to the guide (H),
the guide will have a perpendicular vibratory motion, by which the spool will
in part be formed. But the spool when finished is thicker far in the middle than
at the ends; it is needful, therefore, the motion of the guide should be con-
tracted; this is done by the traveller advancing forward, by which the fulcrum
of the lever is always changing, and its motion decreasing, till the work is
finished. To commence a new operation, the lever (I) is lifted up, which raises
the worm out of the iron wheel, the handle is turned (N), which winds the
traveller back. The lever is now let down, and all is ready to recommence
the same operation. The spools thus fitted are taken to the skarm, Fig. 4.
The frame in which Fig. 5 is fixed is fastened to the ground. The part (B)
is held to the frame by staples of strong wire encircling the legs, and may be
raised a little by the catch to prevent the machine moving; under it is the
wheel which drives the warping wheel, Fig. 3. Fig. 4 is the scarm, a piece
of framework carrying twenty slippers; these slippers are made fast at bottom
and surrounded by a tin tube (C). At the top part of the tube is a brass
ferrule, supported by a wire spring coiled to act as a regulator. When the
spools are full, put them on the slippers; and the spring cannot bear them up;

page_text: they then have considerable friction upon the rail under them, which keeps
them from overrunning; but when they get light the spring bears them up, and
the friction becomes inconsiderable, by which means the thread comes with
nearly equal freedom from the full and the almost empty spool. The iron
rods (D) are used to keep the skarm in place and steady it. To begin the
operation, put full spools upon the slippers, take a thread from each and pass
them through the wire (E) in the top of the arm (F), lift up the scarm to (G),
take the threads and fasten them on the leash pins upon the reel, Fig. 3,
at (H). The handle, Fig. 5, is now turned, and the reel winds the threads
round itself, of which threads the chain is formed. During the revolutions of
the reel the cord is unwound at (I), and wound round the middle drum (J).
The drums at the extremities also are unwound, which lets down the scarm, by
which means the half biers on the reel are kept equally separate till they get
near the bottom, or till they are the length of the chain. There are also leash
pins at the bottom or lower part of the reel, and here as well as at top the
thrum is taken, which consist of so adjusting the threads, that in weaving, the
first and third shall rise, while the second and fourth sink, and vicê versa.
The reel is now turned backward, during the scarm rises, and a second
part is formed. The weights (M) and scarm are nearly equiponderant.
And the novelty of the Invention consists in the self-acting motion of the
spooling, by placing the threads in the position described on the spools by an
eccentric motion and lever, in the use of the metallic springs under the spools
to regulate their resistance, and in the self-acting and corresponding movements
of the scarm, and warping bar or frame.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, the Tenth
day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and