A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING BLEACHED YARN OF ANY NUMBER IN THE FORM OF WARP-COPS OR PIN-COPS FROM ALL KINDS OF COTTON
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edwin Ambrose Brydges, of the Firm of Brydges and
Co., Patent Agents, of Berlin, in the Empire of Germany, for the Invention
of "A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING BLEACHED YARN OF
ANY NUMBER IN THE FORM OF WARP-COPS OR PIN-COPS FROM ALL KINDS OF
COTTON." A. communication from Emanuel Rusch, of Pottendorf, near Vienna,
in the Empire of Austria, Engineer.
Sealed the 22nd April 1879, and dated the 28th October 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edwin Ambrose Brydges
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th October 1878.
EDWIN AMBROSE BRYDGES, of the Firm of Brydges and Co., Patent Agents, of
Berlin, in the Empire of Germany. "A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS OF MANU-
FACTURING BLEACHED YARN OF ANY NUMBER IN THE FORM OF WARP-COPS OR PIN-
COPS FROM ALL KINDS OF COTTON." A communication from Emanuel Rusch, of
Pottendorf, near Vienna, in the Empire of Austria, Engineer.
The characteristic feature of this new or improved process of bleaching is that
the finished cops are not bleached, as has hitherto been generally the custom, but
the slub or roving is bleached as it is taken from the coarse roving frame, inter-
mediate frame, or finishing fly frame, continuing afterwards the spinning process up
to the jenny or fine spinning machine, whereby the cops delivered from this latter
machine will be throughout and uniformly bleached.
In carrying out the Invention I proceed as follows :—
The sliver delivered from any billy, be it from the slubbing frame, intermediate
flyer or roving frame, or from the finishing head or from any preparatory twisting
machine is not wound or bobbined upon spools of wood or tinned sheet iron but
upon perforated spools made of hardened india-rubber, sheet zinc, enamelled sheet

page_text: The slub so-prepared in form of spools is now placed in a vacuum-boiler-and-
boiled in ordinary caustic lye. If it is found desirable to bleach ordinary cotton
twist at the same-time a-layer of the same is placed upon the first layer of spools,
and so on until the boiler is filled.
When spools only are to be bleached each layer of the same must be separated
from the other by perforated boards.
After the boiler has been filled in this manner the air is pumped out and the
previously warmed lye let into the same until the boiler is about half full, steam
is allowed to enter the same and the contents boiled for a given time. The lye
is now let off and pure cold water drawn up to wash the contents of the boiler.
The spools are now taken out of the boiler and placed in the hydro-extractor to
be freed from the lyc.
The spools are then placed (with or without cotton twist) in the chlorine pan or
kettle in the same manner as in the boiler.
Here chloruretted water is employed, which if containing lime is treated with
phosphoric acid until no precipitation takes place. I proceed as follows:-
Chloruretted water is drawn up by the vacuum and is allowed to remain a given
time in the kettle; finally, it is let off and sulphuric acid drawn up, allowed to
remain for a given time and then let off.
The spools are then left in the chlorine for a suitable space of time.
After the remaining chlorine has been allowed to escape the contents are washed
with pure water by means of the vacuum.
The water being let off sulphuric acid is drawn up by the vacuum, immediately
let off again, drawn up a second time, allowed to remain a time, let off and drawn
up a third time and allowed to remain a given time.
After this acid is well drained off the contents are washed through the vacuum
with water. Finally, a weak solution of soap and hot water is drawn up and
allowed to remain a time.
The spools are then taken out from the pan or kettle and given into the hydro-
extractor, where they are freed from the water in upright position when brought
into the drying room.
The bleached spools are then submitted to the further spinning process, and so
worked into pin-cops or warp-cops.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Edwin Ambrose Brydges in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 25th
April 1879.
EDWIN AMBROSE BRYDGES, of the Firm of Brydges and Co., Patent Agents, of
Berlin, in the Empire of Germany. "A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS OF MANU-
FACTURING BLEACHED YARN OF ANY NUMBER IN THE FORM OF WARP-COPS OR PIN-
COPS FROM ALL KINDS OF COTTON." A communication from Emanuel Rusch, of
Pottendorf, near Vienna, in the Empire of Austria, Engineer.
The characteristic feature of this new or improved process of bleaching is that
the finished cops are not bleached as has hitherto been generally the custom, but
the slub or roving is bleached as it is taken from the coarse roving-frame, inter-
mediate frame, or finishing fly-frame, continuing afterwards the spinning process up
to the jenny or fine spinning machine, whereby the cops delivered from this latter
machine will be throughout and uniformly bleached.
In carrying out the said Invention I proceed as follows:-
The sliver delivered from any billy, be it from the slubbing-frame, intermediate
flyer or roving frame, from the finishing head or from any preparatory twisting
machine, is not wound or bobbined upon spools of wood or tinned sheet iron but
upon perforated spools made of hardened india-rubber, sheet-zinc, enamelled sheet-
iron, or any other suitable material which will not be oxidised by the bleaching
process.
Attention should be given to the first two or three twists, which should be wound
as loose as possible, and the twist given to the slub should be 5 to 8 per cent. less
than is usually the case.
The so prepared slub in form of spools is now placed in a vacuum boiler and
boiled in ordinary lye of 14° Beaumé, rendered caustic by the addition of lime; the
spools are placed perpendicularly in the boiler. If it is found desirable to bleach
ordinary cotton twist at the same time a layer of the same is placed upon the first
layer of spools, and so on until the boiler is filled. When spools only are to be
bleached each layer of the same must be separated from the other by perforated
boards.
After the boiler has been filled in this manner the air is pumped out and the
previously warmed lye let into the same until the boiler is about half full, steam
of about 1 atmosphere pressure is allowed to enter the same and the contents
boiled for about four hours.
The lye is now let off and pure cold water drawn up two or three times to wash
the contents of the boiler. The spools are now taken out of the boiler and placed
in the hydro-extractor to be freed from the lye. The spools are then placed (with
or without cotton twist) in the chlorine pan or kettle in the same manner as in the
boiler. Here chloruretted water of 1° Beaumé is employed, which if containing
lime is treated with phosphoric acid until no precipitation takes place. I proceed
further as follows:-
Chloruretted water is drawn up by the vacuum 8 times and is allowed to remain
each time half an hour in the kettle, is finally let off and sulphuric acid of
drawn up, allowed to remain for half an hour and then let off.
The spools are then left in the chlorine pan for two hours.
Beaumé
After the remaining chlorine has been allowed to escape the contents are well
washed with pure water by means of the vacuum.
The water being let off sulphuric acid of 1° Beaumé is drawn up by the vacuum,
immediately let off again, drawn up a second time, allowed to remain half an hour,
let off again, and drawn up a third time, then allowed to remain an hour.
After this acid is well drained off the contents are washed by the vacuum about
four times with water.
Finally, a weak solution of soap and hot water is drawn up and allowed to
remain an hour,

page_text: The spools are then taken out of the pan or kettle and placed in the hydro-
extractor, where they are freed from the water in upright position and then placed
in the drying room. The temperature-in-the-drying room should not be lower
than 35 nor higher than 40° Reaumur; at this temperature the spools will be dry
in about 30 to 40 hours.
.
As soon as the tubes or sleeves on which the slub is wound can be easily
withdrawn, the spools are dry. The bleached spools are then submitted to the
further spinning process, and so worked into pin-cops or warp-cops. To enable
those skilled in the art to carry out this Invention I will state the proportions in
which the above named chemical substances may be used with good result.
For bleaching 2000 kilogrammes 4480 lbs. slub I employ,-
Carbonate of soda
Unslaked lime
Chloride of calcium
Phosphoric acid
Sulphuric acid
-
224 lbs.
(100 kilogrammes).
112 lbs.
( 50
do.)
179 lbs.
( 80
do.)
11 lbs. 3 oz. (5
do.)
112 lbs.
( 50
do.)
11 lbs. 3 oz.
( 5
do.)
Soap
But I wish it to be understood that I do not restrict myself to these proportions,
as they may of course be varied according to circumstances without departing from
the substance of the Invention.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same may be performed, I declare that I claim,-
The above-described process whereby not the finished cops but the cotton slub
or roving is bleached in that stage of the spinning process where it receives its first
twist, substantially as and for the purpose described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edwin Ambrose Brydges, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine.
FTWIN AMBROSE BRYDOTS
EDWIN AMBROSE BRYDGES.
(is)