IMPROVEMENTS IN MOUNTING AND DRIVING THE SPINDLES OF CONTINUOUS SPINNING FRAMES
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL DIECIFICATION
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of the firm of A. M. and Wm. Clark, of
53, Chancery Laue, in the County of Middlesex, Fellow of the Institute of Patent
Agents, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MOUNTING AND DRIVING THE SPINDLES OF CONTINUOUS SPINNING FRAMES
"
$
communication to me from abroad by Jean Jacques Bourcart, of Zurich, Switzerland
to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to obviate as far as possible the causes of the
objectionable vibration of the spindles of throstle frames. The advantages of the
improved spindles herein described are.
1st Utilization of the rolling friction which is produced by a journal or bearing
exterior to its bolster, and which also exists at the footstep notwithstanding the
tension of the band if the weight of the wharve is sufficient to balance the tension
by its tangential inertia. 2nd The arrangement of the bolster footstep and spindle
foot allow of dispensing with mathematical accuracy in the construction and
mounting of the spindle inasmuch as the latter will work even if it has considerable
play, or is not oiled or even when bent, without becoming seized in consequence.
3rd The separation of the functions of friction due to the pressure resulting from
the weight of the spindle and those of the friction due to tangential inertia or to
the tension of the band and of the yarn.
In order the better to explain the invention I have in the accompanying
drawings illustrated various arrangements of spindles constructed on the principles
above indicated. Figure 1 represents a part sectional elevation of a spindle capable
of being rendered rigid. Figure 2 is a similar view of a spindle, capable of being
rendered flexible. Figure 3 represents a bolster and figure 4 a footstep; figure 5
represents a spindle turning in its bolster; figure 6 represents that part of the
spindle which revolves around its bolster; figure 7 represents the combined motion
of a spindle turning about its own axis and about an axis external thereto.
The same letters of reference represent like parts in all the figures A spindle,:
B footstep stud centre, O bolster, D oil cup, E'spindle wharve F F F Fill cupped
discs or washers g g bolster. and footstep rails, c.external bearing, c¹ cone bearing..

page_text: e oil chamber, e¹ air holes, e³ plumbago bearing button; socket,; i spherical boss
ball. xx set screws. y arrow indicating direction of rotation of spindle about.
its own axis. ≈ arrow indicating the motion of the spindle about an external
axis n nuts o ring m traveller r yarn. In figure 1 the spindle A is provided with
a Combe's wharve E, having an oil space e or plumbago bearing button e³, air
holes e¹ with or without a fixed or movable cylindro-spherical socket e³ turning
upon a stud B which is screwed to the foot rail g¹ together with oil cup D, by the
washer F and nut n.
The spindle A also carries an external bearing collar o on the Ravel system
combined or not with a notched .disc for assisting the commencement of the
winding on, which turns upon the bolster C screwed in the rail g¹ together with
oil cup D and tightened up by a nut and washer F or it may be made in one
therewith.
In figure 2, the spindle A. has a wharve E on the combe system having an oil
chamber e, airboles e, spherical socket e³ on which the wharve pivots and rests.
The wharve turns upon a stud B screwed together with oil cup D to the rail g¹ by
a nut n and washer F. The spindle A carries a collar bearing c on my system
(which may if desired be united to a notched disc) turning with the cone c¹ of any
suitable form, which turns upon the bolster C. The latter is fixed on a spherical
bass i or upon the rail.g by means of oil-cup D nut n and washer F¹.
In figure 3 C is a bolster on the Booth system on which works a collar c¹, said
bolster being fixed by means of two spherical washers F1, F. In figure 4 is
shown a footstep D on the Atwood system, resting by three set screws upon the
rail g and secured by a nut and washer. This footstep contains a stud B which
passes through it and is fixed by screws or soldering. The wharve E turns upon
this stud B and contains a chamber in which is a spherical boss 2 fixed upon
spindle A and which may be surrounded with highly frictional materials. Figures
5, 6, and 7 show analytically the directions of motion of the spindle.
The following is the action: the spindles receive motion either by bands, gear
wheels or otherwise (the former being here shown) acting on the wharve E which
is either connected with or independent of the spindle A. The wharve turns upon
the fixed or loose stud or spindle B which is lubricated by the oil contained in
cup D the oil being drawn up by the rotation of the air holes e¹ e' along the stud
or spindle B which abuts against a block of plumbago or its equivalent e³ or along
the interior surface of the wharve E which may be used without a socket (see
figures 1, 2, 4).
The spindle A receives motion by being fixed in the upper part of wharve E
figure 1 or by being connected thereto by means of any suitable flexible inter-
mediate part e figure 2, which may either consist of a friction coupling surrounded
with a substance producing considerable friction or be made of elastic material.
The upper part of the spindle is supported in position by a bolster C within which
it revolves without any internal friction whatever and the spindle also carries a
bearing collar c which turns externally on the bolster C. To facilitate the lubri-
cation of the bolster an oil-cup D may be used, of sufficient depth to rise above the
top of the bolster (see figures 1 and 2) or an intermediate double cone c¹ may be
applied as in figure 2 upon which the spindle partly rests, the oil or grease being
taken up by the effect of tangential inertia and projected back again into the
cup D after having lubricated the bearing surfaces. It is essential that the foot-
steps and bolsters should be placed perfectly true with the spindle axis if they are
screwed upon adjustable supports upon the rails g, g', they may be fixed upon
spherical washers F, F", F, figure 3, or on an adjustable spherical boss i figure 2
by means of cupped clamping discs, F, F. Or I may also use for the same
purpose, three. set screws x figure 4 screwing into the flange of the footstep.
Having thus described my improved spindle and its mode of working, I will
next proceed to explain the principle on which it is based in order that its features
of novelty may be well understood. The several parts composing the spindle viz:
the spindle proper, wharve, bolster, footstep footstep stud or spindle, bolts, washers

page_text: roughened disc for assisting the winding on &* are all old, and combinations of
these parts are found in the spindles of the Bourcart, Marsh, Rabbeth and other
cap frames, but these combinations differ both in arrangement and object from
those of the present invention.
A spindle if well made and running tightly in its bolster and footstep will not
vibrate if well oiled and if the bolster and also the wharve are properly placed; on
the other hand, it uselessly absorbs much power. Immediately a spindle acquires
any play it rolls around in its bolster and footstep in the reverse direction to its
direction of rotation about its axis as shown in figure 5, the point of the spindle
being weighted by the bobbin has on the contrary a tendency to follow the tangent
to the circular motion of the spindle. Thus two directions of motion are formed,
one at the point and the other at the bolster, which movements are opposed to one
another, and cause the spindle to bend and owing to its flexibility, to vibrate.
The spindle vibrates the more, the greater is the play in the bolster and footstep,
the less perfect is the lubrication, the heavier the bobbin and the more flexible the
spindle. To these considerations have been due the improvements of Combe, Ravel,
Atwood, Booth, Marsh and others in vertical spindles which improvements have
however only suppressed the causes of vibration by the absorption of considerable
power.
Referring to figure 6 I have found that if a bearing collar be made to turn
around a bolster it will roll and turn in the same direction, and the more certainly,
the less perfectly it is lubricated, so that the vice inherent to the large diameter of
the bolster is compensated by this fact and these large bolsters would not absorb
more power than the smaller bolster in which the spindle runs tightly. Thus
whether the spindle has any play or not at its frictional points, the conditions
remain unchanged as if it rolls in the direction of its tangential inertia, it will not
vibrate.
This fact enables me to allow the spindle considerable play at the bolster and
footstep and to cause the spindle to turn upon its axis and about a circle z figure 7
which would correspond to the largest diameter upon which the yarn r could be
wound without breaking in a ring and traveller m, o.
It will be evident that a spindle on this new system would be of very simple
construction, that is to say limited to an internal bolster forming the bearing for a
collar or notched or roughened winding on disc, an ordinary short spindle or stud
without any lubrication beyond that of a plumbago block and a simple spindle and
wharve. If all the frictional parts other than the point of the short spindle or
stud whose pressure is perpendicular to the spindle were to turn about the fixed
or relatively fixed part, such an arrangement of spindle would be comprised by
the present invention.
OLL
11004

page_text: COMT LEIE
DIECIFICATION.
I, ALEXANDER. MELVILLE CLARK, of the firm of A. M. and Wm. Clark, of 53,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Fellow of the Institute of Patent
Agents, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
MOUNTING AND DRIVING THE SPINDLES OF CONTINUOUS SPINNING FRAMES,
(a communication to me from abroad by Jean Jacques Bourcart of Zurich,
Switzerland,) and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of this invention is to obviate as far as possible the causes of the
objectionable vibration of the spindles of throstle frames. The advantages of the
improved spindles herein described are.
1st Utilization of the rolling friction which is produced by a journal or bearing
exterior to its bolster, and which also exists at the footstep notwithstanding the
tension of the band if the weight of the wharve is sufficient to balance the tension
by its tangential inertia. 2nd The arrangement of the bolster footstep and spindle
foot allow of dispensing with mathematical accuracy in the construction and
mounting of the spindle inasmuch as the latter will work even if it has considerable
play, or even if it is not oiled or even when bent, without becoming seized in
consequence, 3rd The separation of the functions of friction due to the pressure
resulting from the weight of the spindle and those of the friction due to tangential
inertia or to the tension of the band and of the yarn.
In order the better to explain the invention I have in the accompanying drawings
illustrated various arrangements of spindles constructed on the principles above
indicated. Figure 1 represents a part sectional elevation of a spindle capable of
being rendered rigid. Figure 2 is a similar view of a spindle, capable of being
rendered flexible. Figure 3 represents a bolster and figure 4 a footstep; figure 5
represents a spindle turning in its bolster; figure 6 represents that part of the
spindle which revolves around its bolster; figure 7 represents the combined
motion of a spindle turning about its own axis and about an axis external thereto.
The same letters of reference represent like parts in all the figures A. spindle,
B footstep stud centre, C bolster, D oil cup, E spindle wharve F F F F cupped
discs or washers g g₁ bolster and footstep rails, c external bearing, c¹ cone bearing.
e oil chamber, e¹ air holes, e' plumbago bearing button; e socket; i spherical boss
ball. xx set screws. y arrow indicating direction of rotation of spindle about
its own axis. z arrow indicating the motion of the spindle about an external axis
n nuts o ring m traveller 7 yarn. In figure 1 the spindle A is provided with a
Combe's wharve E, having an oil space or plumbago bearing button e, air holes e¹
with or without a fixed or movable cylindro-spherical socket turning upon a
stud B which is screwed to the foot rail g¹ together with oil cup D, by the washer F
and nut n.
The spindle A also carries an external bearing collar c on the Ravel system
combined or not with a notched disc for assisting the commencement of the winding
on, which turns upon the bolster C screwed in the rail g¹ together with oil cup D
and tightened up by a nut and washer F or it may be made in one therewith.
In figure 2, the spindle A has a wharve E on the combe system having an oil
chamber e, airholes e¹, spherical socket e³ on which the wharve pivots and rests,

page_text: The wharve turns upon a stud B screwed together with oil cup D to the rail g³ by
a nut n and washer F. The spindle A carries a collar bearing c on my system
(which may if desired be united to a notched disc) turning with the cone c¹ of any
suitable form, which turns upon the bolster C. The latter is fixed on a spherical
boss i or upon the rail g by means of oil-cup D nut n and washer F¹.
In figure 3 C is a bolster on the Booth system on which works a collar c¹, said
bolster being fixed by means of two spherical washers F, F". In figure 4 is shown
a footstep D on the Atwood system, resting by three set screws & upon the rail
and secured by a nut and washer. This footstep contains a stud B which passes
through it and is fixed by screws or soldering. The wharve E turns upon this
stud B and contains a chamber in which is a spherical boss fixed upon
spindle A and which may be surrounded with highly frictional materials.
Figures 5, 6, and 7 show analytically the directions of motion of the spindle.
The following is the action: the spindles receive motion either by bands, gear
wheels or otherwise (the former being here shown) acting on the wharve E which
is either connected with or independent of the spindle A. The wharve turns upon
the fixed or loose stud or spindle B which is lubricated by the oil contained in
cup D the oil being drawn up by the rotation of the air holes el e¹ along the stud
or spindle B which abuts against a block of plumbago or its equivalent e³ or along
the interior surface of the wharve E which may be used without a socket (see
figures 1, 2, 4).
The spindle A receives motion by being fixed in the upper part of wharve E
figure 1 or by being connected thereto by means of any suitable flexible inter-
mediate part e figure 2, which may either consist of a friction coupling surrounded
with a substance producing considerable friction or be made of elastic material.
The upper part of the spindle is supported in position by a bolster C within which
it revolves without any internal friction whatever and the spindle also carries a
bearing collar c which turns externally on the bolster C. To facilitate the
lubrication of the bolster an oil-cup D may be used, of sufficient depth to rise
above the top of the bolster (see figures 1 and 2) or an intermediate double cone o'
may be applied as in figure 2 upon which the spindle partly rests, the oil or grease
being taken up by the effect of tangential inertia and projected back again into
the cup 1 after having lubricated the bearing surfaces. It is essential that the
footsteps and bolsters should be placed perfectly true with the spindle axis if they
are screwed upon adjustable supports upon the rails g, gl, they may be fixed upon
spherical washers F F", F, figure 3, or on an adjustable spherical boss i figure 2
by means of cupped clamping discs, F¹, F". Or I may also use for the same
purpose, three set screws a figure 4 screwing into the flange of the footstep.
Having thus described my improved spindle and its mode of working, I will
next proceed to explain the principle on which it is based in order that its features
of novelty may be well understood. The several parts composing the spindle
viz: the spindle proper, wharve, bolster, footstep footstep stud or spindle, bolts,
washers roughened disc for assisting the winding on & are all old, and combinations
of these parts are found in the spindles of the Bourcart, Marsh, Rabbeth and other
cap frames, but these combinations differ both in arrangement and object from
those of the present invention.
A spindle if well made and running tightly in its bolster and footstep will not
vibrate if well oiled and if the bolster and also the wharve are properly placed; on
the other hand, it uselessly absorbs much power. Immediately a spindle acquires
any play it rolls around in its bolster and footstep in the reverse direction to its
direction of rotation about its axis as shown in figure 5, the point of the spindle
being weighted by the bobbin has on the contrary a tendency to follow the tangent
to the circular motion of the spindle. Thus two directions of motion are formed,
one at the point and the other at the bolster, which movements are opposed to one
another, and cause the spindle to bend and owing to its flexibility, to vibrate.
The spindle vibrates the more, the greater is the play in the bolster and footstep,
the less perfect is the lubrication, the heavier the bobbin and the more flexible the

page_text: spindle. To these considerations have been due the improvements of Combe, Ravel,
Atwood, Booth, Marsh and others in vertical spindles which improvements have
however only suppressed the causes of vibration by the absorption of considerable
power.
Referring to figure 6 I have found that if a bearing collar be made to turn around
a bolster it will roll and turn in the same direction, and the more certainly, the less
perfectly it is lubricated, so that the vice inherent to the large diameter of the
bolster is compensated by this fact and these large bolsters would not absorb more
power than the smaller bolster in which the spindle runs tightly. Thus whether
the spindle has any play or not, at its frictional points, the conditions remain
unchanged as if it rolls in the direction of its tangential inertia, it will not vibrate.
This fact enables me to allow the spindle considerable play at the bolster and
footstep and to cause the spindle to turn upon its axis and about a circle z figure 7
which would correspond to the largest diameter upon which the yarn r could be
wound without breaking in a ring and traveller m, o.
It will be evident that a spindle on this new system would be of very simple
construction, that is to say limited to an internal bolster forming the bearing for
a collar or notched or roughened winding on disc, an ordinary short spindle or stud
without any lubrication beyond that of a plumbago block and a simple spindle and
wharve. If all the frictional parts other than the point of the short spindle or stud
whose pressure is perpendicular to the spindle were to turn about the fixed or
relatively fixed part, such an arrangement of spindle would be comprized by the
present invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim as the invention in spindles having bolsters separate from the footstep or
their equivalents is
1st An arrangement having for result to replace internal by external friction in
all parts subject to the friction of radial rotation.
2nd The employment of a spindle wharve, turning about a fixed or movable stud
or spindle, containing in its own construction, a means of lubrication or its
equivalent.
3rd The employment of a button or block of plumbago of any suitable form for
lubricating the revolving surfaces, whose reciprocal pressure is exerted in the
direction of the spindle axis.
4th The employment of spherical washers or bosses or adjusting screws or their
equivalents not forming part of the rails, for the purpose of readily adjusting and
fixing the footsteps and bolsters, substantially as shown and described.
5th The employment of a cone revolving around the bolster and forming an
intermediary between the bolster and spindle (or any equivalent therefor acting in
a.similar way) as shown and described.
6th The employment of a spherical socket or spindle foot or any equivalent
therefor as shown and described.
7th The employment of a roughened or notched disc formed in one with the
external collar bearing on the spindle, or combined with either of the improvements
claimed or with the Ravel bolster or the Combe wharve.