IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SPADES & SHOVELS AND OTHER LIKE IMPLEMENTS, AND IN THE MACHINERY AND TOOLS TO BE USED IN THE SAID MANUFACTURE
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Jackson, of Sheffield, in the County of
York, Manager of Steel & Iron Works, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SPADES & SHOVELS AND OTHER
LIKE IMPLEMENTS, AND IN THE MACHINERY AND TOOLS TO BE USED IN
THE SAID MANUFACTURE.”
Sealed the 11th August 1871, and dated the 25th February 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Jackson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 25th February 1871.
I, JAMES JACKSON, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Manager of
Steel & Iron Works, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SPADES & SHOVELS
AND OTHER LIKE IMPLEMENTS, AND IN THE MACHINERY AND TOOLS TO BE USED IN
THE SAID MANUFACTURE," to be as follows:-
My Invention has reference to that stage of the manufacture of the
said implements in which the partially made spade, shovel, or implement,
called a mould is made, and my said Invention consists of the process
or combination of processes herein-after described for making the said

page_text: ་
moulds, and in the machinery and tools used in the manufacture of the
said moulds.
By my improvements the manufacture of the said implements is
much facilitated and economized, and they are made with a symmetry
and perfection unattainable in the ordinary process of manufacture.
I will describe my Invention as applied to the manufacture of a spade
mould of steel-I take a bar of steel of the required length and draw
down or reduce in the ordinary way that end from which the straps are
to be made. After reheating it I place the bar in the jaws of a double-
action vice or holder, by which it is brought under the action of a
circular saw, the middle of the strap or reduced end of the bar being
presented to the said saw. By the action of the said saw and the
advance motion of the vice or holder (or the advance of the saw itself)
the reduced or strap end of the bar is divided longitudinally down the
middle so as to form the two bars from which the straps are to be made.
While still hot the bar is removed from the double-action vicc or
holder and is placed in another vice or cramp by which it is fixed
rigidly in a perfectly vertical or horizontal position on the bed of a
stamp, or steam or other hammer, the slit or division in the strap end
of the bar being exactly under or opposite a punch fixed in the
ram of the said stamp or hammer or in a separate frame.
By the
action of the punch the opening or goffer is made in which the extreme
end of the wooden handle is inserted.
By the process or combination of processes described a spade mould
is made from one solid bar or piece of steel, which mould is finished or
converted into a spade in the ordinary way.
The double-action vice or holder and the vice or cramp herein-before
referred to are constructed each with two jaws which open and close
simultaneously by screws, wedges, or other mechanical appliances worked
by hand or steam, water or other power, so that whatever tho thickness
of the bar held therein its middle is presented to the circular saw and
punch. The said double-action vice or holder, and vice or clamp may
either be worked by hand or by steam, water, or other power.
My Invention is applicable to the manufacture of spades, shovels,
and other like implements, either from steel or iron or from steel and
iron combined.
•

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Jackson in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 22nd August 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
JACKSON, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Manager of Steel and
Iron Works, send grecting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of February, in the
year of our Lord Ouc thousand cight hundred and seventy-one, in the
thirty-fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said James Jackson, Her special licence,
that I, the said James Jackson, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said James Jackson, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, usc, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SPADES AND SHOVELS AND OTHER LIKE IMPLEMENTS, AND
IN THE MACHINERY AND TOOLS TO BE USED IN THE SAID MANUFACTURE," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said James Jackson, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or ono
of their hands and scals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Jackson, do hereby declaro
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention has reference to that stage of the manufacture of the
said implements, in which the partially made spade, shovel, or imple-
ment called a mould is made, and my said Invention consists of the
process or combination of processes herein-after described for making the

page_text: said moulds, and in the machinery and tools used in the manufacture
of the said moulds.
By my improvements the manufacture of the said implements is much
facilitated and economized, and they are made with a symmetry and
perfection unattainable in the ordinary process of manufacture.
I will describe my Invention as applied to the manufacture of a spade
mould of steel-I take a bar of steel of the required length and draw
down or reduce in the ordinary way that end from which the straps
are to be made. After reheating it I place the bar in the jaws of a
double-action vice or holder, by which it is brought under the action
of a circular saw, the middle of the strap or reduced end of the bar
being presented to the said saw. By the action of the said saw and the
advance motion of the vice or holder (or the advance of the saw itself)
the reduced or strap end of the bar is divided longitudinally down the
middle, so as to form the two bars from which the straps are to be
made. While still hot the bar is removed from the double action vice
or holder, and is placed in another vice or cramp by which it is fixed
rigidly in a perfectly vertical or horizontal position on the bed of a stamp,
or steam or other hammer, the slit or division in the strap end of the
bar being exactly under or opposite a punch fixed in the rain of the said
stamp or hammer, or in a separate frame. By the action of the punch
the opening or goffer is made in which the extreme end of the wooden
handle is inserted.
By the process or combination of processes described a spade mould
is made from one solid bar or piece of steel, which mould is finished or
converted into a spade in the ordinary way.
The double-action vice or holder and the vice or cramp herein-before
referred to are constructed each with two jaws, which open and close
simultaneously by screws, wedges, or other mechanical appliances
worked by hand or steam, water, or other power, so that whatever
the thickness of the bar held therein, its middle is presented to the
circular saw and punch. The said double-action vice or holder, and vice
or clamp may either be worked by hand or by steam, water, or other
power.
My Invention is applicable to the manufacture of spades, shovels,
and other likè implements, cither from steel or iron, or from steel and
iron combined.

page_text: Having explained the nature of my Invention I will proceed to
describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings the manner in
which the same is to be performed.
I take a bar or piece of steel of the required length as represented in
plan and edge view in Figure 1, and I reduce or draw down one end of
the said bar to form that part from which the straps are to be made.
The spade mould in this stage of its manufacture is represented in plan
and edge view in Figure 2, the reduced or strap part of the bar or
mould a being marked b. I next take the partially made mould Figure 2
and after reheating it place it in the jaws of the machine hercin-after
described and represented in Figures 7, 8, and 9, and by the operation of
the circular saw of the said machine, the reduced or strap end of the
bar or mould a is divided longitudinally down the middle so as to form the
two bars, from which the straps are to be made as illustrated in Figure 3.
where the two parts of the divided strap end of the bar or mould arc
marked b², . The partially made spade mould Figure 3 while still hot
is removed from the machine Figures 7, 8, and 9, and placed on the
bed of the stamp or hammer represented in Figures 10 and 11, the
slit or division between the two straps 6º, 6º, of the mould being exactly
opposite a punch in the ram of the stamp or hammer. By the operation
of the said punch the goffer or opening is made in the part a of the
mould, into which in the finished spade the extreme end of the wooden
handle is inserted. The mould after it has been subjected to the last
described treatment is represented in side elevation in Figure 4, section
in Figure 5, and plan in Figure 6, the goffer or opcuing in the mould
being marked c The spade mould is now complete, the blade of the
spade being hammered or otherwise made from the part a and thic straps
from the parts b³, 6, in the usual manner.
I will now describe the machinery and tools which I prefer to use in
carrying my Invention into effect.
Figure 7 represents in plan, Figure 8 in side clevation (partly in
section), and Figure 9 in end elevation, the machine for slitting or
dividing the strap end of the mould. The same letters indicate the
same parts in Figures 7, 8, and 9.
d, e, are the jaws of the double-acting vice or holder between which
the mould a, b, is gripped. The said jaws d, e, are simultaneously
opened and closed by the right and left-handed screws,ƒª, engaging in

page_text: screw boxes in the said jaws, the said screw being worked by the hand
wheel g. The jaws d, e, are carried by the travelling table, the said
of the machine. The travelling
(see Figure 9), and the bottom of
table having motion upon the bed
table works upon the dovetail scat
cach of the jaws d, e, is provided with a dovetail which works within
a dovetail seat in the travelling table (see Figure 8). is the circular
saw driven at a high speed by a band passing over a pulley m on the
saw shaft. Tho travelling table carrying the double-acting vice or
holder is advanced to and withdrawn from the circular saw by means
of the hand lever n connected to the said table by the arın p. The
partly made mould a, b, being placed between the jaws d, e, in the
position represented in Figures 7 and 8, the said jaws are closed by
turning the hand wheel g, when the said mould is held very firmly
between them, the strap end 6 being gripped by the lips ², e², at the
fore end of the said jaws. On the closing of the jaws of the double-
action vice or holder d, e, the middle of the mould lield therein is pre-
sented to the circular saw . By advancing the travelling table h
towards the saw by means of the hand lever the strap end of the
mould held in the vice or holder is divided down the middle by the said
saw so as to form the two bars from which the straps are to be made.
The machine, Figures 7, 8, and 9, may also be employed for dividing
or slitting the tillers or bucklers between which the blades of mill saws
and frame saws are held.
Figure 10 represents partly in elevation and partly in vertical section the
tools used for forming the opening or goffer in the divided or slit mould,
and Figure 11 represents a plan of the bed Figure 10. On the bed
Figures 10 and 11 a mould is represcuted after it has been operated
upon by the punch or shaping tool. On the bed q of a stamp, or steam
or other hammer, I arrange a clamp or vice consisting of the two sliding
jaws, 8, the said jaws sliding by means of slots upon the fixed guide
pins t, t. The middle of the jaws are of a shape proper to receive the
part a of the mould and to form by the action of the punch the goffer in
the said mould. The said jaws are closed and opened by driving home or
withdrawing the wedges v, v, the said wedges working against the
inclined inner sides of the checks 7, 7. The wedges v, v, may be forced
home singly or together. In the latter case the said wedges may be
coupled together by a bar, and the said bar be advanced and withdrawn

page_text: by the action of a screw or otherwise. On the ram or sliding frame u²
of the stamp or hammer is a punch of a shape proper to form the goffer.
The mould, Figure 3, being placed between the jaws r, s, the straps b³, b³,
being turned back in the manner represented in Figures 10 and 11, the
said jaws are closed by the operation of the wedges v, v, and the mould
thereby gripped between them. The guide pins t, t, limit the motion of
the jaws r, s, in either direction, and cause them when closed to bring
the middle of the mould exactly opposite the punch u. By the descent
of the punch the required number of times the opening or goffer c is
made in the part a of the mould, as represented in Figure 10. By
partly withdrawing the wedges v, v, the jaws 7, 8, open, and the finished
spade mould may be removed.
In making moulds for shovels, hoes, axes, and other like implements
I proceed in the manner herein-before described and illustrated in the
accompanying Drawings with respect to a spade mould.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that
I do not limit myself to the precise details herein described and
illustrated, as the same may be varied without departing from the
nature of my Invention; but I claim as my Invention,-
Firstly. The improvements herein-before described and illustrated in
the accompanying Drawings in the manufacture of the moulds from
which spades, and shovels, and other like implements are made, that is
to say, making the said moulds from one solid bar or piece of steel or
6 iron or steel and iron combined by taking a bar or piece of the required
length and drawing down or reducing that end from which the straps
are to be made, slitting or dividing longitudinally the said reduced or
strap end into two bars, and finally forming the opening or goffer in the
mould, substantially as described and illustrated.
) Secondly. The arrangement or combination of the parts of the
machine herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 7, 8, and 9
of the accompanying Drawings to be used for slitting or dividing the
strap end of the mould.
Thirdly. The combination or arrangement of the tools herein-before
1
10
11

page_text: Drawings, and their adaptation to a stamp, or steam or other hammer
to be used in the formation of the goffer or opening in the mould.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Jackson, have hereunto set
my land and seal, this Sixteenth day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.
Witness,
JOHN CLAYTON,
Vale Road,
Park Wood Springs,
Sheffield.
JAMES JACKSON. (L.s.)