Dyeing Apparatus for Carded Wool.
Year: 1897

page_text: Dyeing Apparatus for Carded Wool.
I, ANTON SCHMIDT, Workmaster, of Lanificio di Gavardo, in the Province of
Brescia, and Kingdom of Italy, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
The dyeing apparatus hitherto in use for dyeing carded wool have very many
disadvantages in consequence of which on the one hand it is not possible to dye
the carded wool uniformly and on the other an economical dyeing is quite out of
the question apart from the fact that accidents not infrequently occur under the
old system.
The draw-backs above-mentioned are principally due to the circumstance that
an intimate mixing of the dye with the water and a uniform heating of the dyeing-
fluid can only be attained under great difficulties, loss of time and considerable
expenditure of coal and steam and that the fluid heated by the steam on boiling
up can flow over the sides of the apparatus, so that it is not possible to prevent
the workmen engaged at the apparatus from being scalded.
In other apparatus loss of time is thereby incurred that the steam used for
warming the dye-fluid remains at the bottom of the apparatus and thus only heats
the water up to a certain height from the bottom, so that it has the temperature
necessary for dyeing up to half the height of the apparatus, while above this there
is a perfectly cold layer of water.
On the pump beginning to work the wool, is slightly dyed by the warm fluid;
the dye in the cold layer, however, does not thoroughly stain the wool fibres, so
that the wool is dyed quiet unequally.
In consequence of this the dyeing process must be repeated several times in
succession in order that the wool may be only moderately well dyed, and this
mode of treatment likewise causes the loss of time and capital.
In all systems hitherto in use, however, whether the dye-fluid is made to
circulate by means of pumps, injectors or paddle-wheel in consequence of the
pressure that is exerted, the wool fibres are partly destroyed, causing the wool to
lose much in valve.
All the above enumerated disadvantages are to be removed by the apparatus for
dyeing carded wool so that by its use uninjured and uniformly dyed are obtained.
The apparatus is represented in various sections in the accompanying drawing.
A is the trestle carrying the apparatus, in the inside of which is the driving
power for an agitator to be described later on.
On this trestle there rests the dye-vat consisting of two receivers G and E lying
one upon the other, the former of which is provided with a bottom B, the latter
being only a continuation of the first part.
The part G has in its inner circumference a number of passages a (Figs. 2
and 3), which are formed by the outer wall b of the receiver, an inner wall c and a
number of positions d.

page_text: These passages are connected at the bottom of the receiver with its interior by
means of horizontal passages e (Fig. 1).
Steam tubes which are made tight towards the outside by stuffing-boxes f (Fig. 4)
pass through the bottom B of the receiver G into the passages which enter up to
about a third of the height into the latter and are provided at the upper end with
a nozzle.
In the apparatus specially described here these steam tubes of which there are
12 are arranged in such a manner that each passage has a steam-tube. Thus there
are 6 steam inlets f. (Fig. 4).
For the purpose of carrying off the dye-fluid from the apparatus there are two
discharge shoulders gg. (Fig. 4).
As will be seen from Fig. 1 a turbine D is arranged in the receiver G on the
vertical shaft W which passes through the bottom B and is provided with two
rows of blades lying the one above the other and inclining downwards in such a
manner that a passage running obliquely downwards is formed between each pair
of blades lying one above the other.
On the receiver G there is as a continuation of it the part E open at the top and
the bottom in which is placed the part F containing the bobbins.
This part E is provided like the receiver G, with passages a¹ on the margin,
forming the continuation of the passages a.
The part E is terminated at the upper margin by a ring h, which is put on in
such a manner that between its lower surface and the mouths of the passages a¹
there is an intermediate space which is so broad that it completely covers over the
mouths of the passages.
As we have already said there is in this upper part E the part F for the reception
of the bobbins.
The apparatus that has been described above works in the following manner.
After the dye and the water that is required for its solution has been placed in
the receiver G and the part containing the bobbins that are to be dyed has been
hung in the upper part E of the apparatus, the turbine I) is set in motion and at
the same time steam is introduced through the tubes f¹ into the passages a.
This steam acts like an injector in the passages, carrying along with it the dye
contained in G which can reach a through the passages e, so that it rises in the
passages al until it flows out through their orifices on the bobbins contained in the
part E.
At the same time the bath is raised by the steam to the temperature necessary
for dyeing. It is impossible for the bath to boil over and thus be a source of
danger to the workmen engaged at the apparatus, because the dye that is carried
along by the different jets of steam is thrown against the lower surface of the
marginal ring and broken up in a downward direction.
The fluid which has run through the bobbins again reaches the receiver G
through the sieve-like bottom of the bobbin-holder and in consequence of the
action of the turbine I mixes again with the fluid contained therein which causes
it to be heated.
In consequence of the inclined position of the turbine-blades the dye contained
in the receiver G is when they rotate pressed down towards the bottom of the
receiver and carried with a certain pressure to the passages a through the connect-
ing openings e, so that by the help of this pressure and of the jets of steam it
easily rises in the passages; at the same time the turbine causes the dye and the
fluid to mix intimately and prevents the dye from being deposited on the bottom
of G.
The turbine not only acts with a certain pressure on the fluid contained in G,
but it also exercises a suction power on the bath that is passing the bobbins so
that it is forced with a certain pressure through the bobbins and thus reaches the
innermost threads of the latter.
In consequence of the action of the turbine the dye-fluid is always uniform, and
therefore the bobbins are dyed uniformly all through.

page_text: The advantages of my apparatus as compared to other apparatus are in short
once more:
1.) An intimate mixing of the dye and fluid thus completely preventing the
former from becoming deposited in the receiver and therefore causing the bobbins
to be dyed uniformly.
2.) Rapid and uniform heating of the bath to the temperature necessary for
dyeing, and a permanent keeping up of this heat; hence saving of time and
material.
3.) The wool-fibres are in no wise damaged.
4.) Prevention of accidents from the flowing over of the boiling dye-fluid over
the upper rim of the apparatus.
1, ANTON SCHMIDT, Workmaster, of Lanificio di Gavardo, in the Province of
Brescia, and Kingdom of Italy, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The dyeing apparatus hitherto in use for dyeing carded wool have very many
disadvantages in consequence of which on the one hand it is not possible to dye
the carded wool uniformly and on the other an economical dyeing is quite out of
the question apart from the fact that accidents not infrequently occur under the
old system.
The draw-backs above-mentioned are principally due to the circumstance that
an intimate mixing of the dye with the water and an uniform heating of the dyeing-
fluid can only be attained under great difficulties, loss of time and considerable
expenditure of coal and steam and that the fluid heated by the steam on boiling
up can flow over the sides of the apparatus, so that it is not possible to prevent
the workmen engaged at the apparatus from being scalded.
In other apparatus loss of time is thereby incurred that the steam used for
warming the dye-fluid remains at the bottom of the apparatus and thus only heats
the water up to a certain height from the bottom, so that it has the temperature
necessary for dyeing up to half the height of the apparatus, while above this there
is a perfectly cold layer of water.
On the pump beginning to work the wool is slightly dyed by the warm fluid;
the dye in the cold layer, however, does not thoroughly stain the wool fibres, so
that the wool is dyed quiet unequally.
In consequence of this the dyeing process must be repeated several times in
succession in order that the wool may be only moderately well dyed, and this
mode of treatment likewise causes the loss of time and capital.
In all systems hitherto in use, however, whether the dye-fluid is made to
circulate by means of pumps, injectors or paddle-wheels, in consequence of the
pressure that is exerted, the wool fibres are partly destroyed, causing the wool to
lose much in value.
All the above enumerated disadvantages are to be removed by the apparatus for
dyeing carded wool, so that by its use uninjured and uniformly dyed goods are
obtained.
The apparatus is represented in various sections in the drawing filed with the
provisional specification.

page_text: A is the trestle carrying' tlie apparatus, in the inside of which is the driving-
power for an agitator to be described later on.
On this trestle there rests the dye-vat consisting of two receivers C and E,
lying one upon the other, the former of which is provided with a bottom B, the
latter being only a continuation of the first part.
The part C has in its inner circumference a number of passages a (Figs. 2
and 3), which are formed by the outer wall 6 of the receiver, an inner wall c and a
number of partitions d.
These passages are connected at the bottom of the receiver with its interior by
means of horizontal passages e (Fig. 1).
Steam tubes which are made tight towards the outside by stuffing-boxes f
(Fig. 4), pass through the bottom of the receiver C into the passages which
enter up to about a third of the height into the latter and are provided at the
upper end with a nozzle.
5
1
In the apparatus specially described here which has twelve passages the steam 1
tubes are arranged in such a manner that the alternative passage have not a
steam-tube consequently six steam inlets f are provided. (Fig. 4).
For the purpose of carrying off the dye-fluid from the apparatus there are two
discharge shoulders g g (Fig. 4).
As will be seen from Fig. 1 a turbine D is arranged in the receiver C on the
vertical shaft W which passes through the bottom 3 and is provided with two rows
of blades lying the one above the other, and inclining downwards in such a
manner that a passage running obliquely downwards is formed between each pair
of blades lying one above the other.
On the receiver C there is as a continuation of it the part E open at the top and
the bottom in which is placed the part F containing the bobbins.
This part E is provided like the receiver C, with passages a¹ on the margin,
forming the continuation of the passages .
The part E is terminated at the upper margin by a ring h, which is put on in
such a manner that between its lower surface and the mouths of the passages a¹
there is intermediate space which is so broad that it completely covers over the
mouths of the passages.
As we have already said there is in this upper part E the part F for the
reception of the bobbins.
The apparatus that has been described above works in the following manner:
After the dye and the water that is required for its solution has been placed in
the receiver and the part containing the bobbins that are to be dyed has been
hung in the upper part E of the apparatus, the turbine D is set in motion and at
the same time steam is introduced through the tubes f¹ into the passages a.
This steam acts like an injector in the passage carrying along with it the dye
contained in C which can reach a through the passages e, so that it rises in the
passages a¹ until it flows out through their orifices on the bobbins contained in the
part E.
At the same time the bath is raised by the steam to the temperature necessary
for dyeing.
It is impossible for the bath to boil over and thus be a source of danger to the
workmen engaged at the apparatus, because the dye that is carried along by the
different jets of steam is thrown against the lower surface of the marginal ring h
and broken up in a downward direction.
The fluid which has run through the bobbins again reaches the receiver C
through the sieve-like bottom of the bobbin-holder and in consequence of the
action of the turbine D mixes again with the fluid contained therein which causes
it to be heated.
In consequence of the inclined position of the turbine-blades the dye contained
in the receiver C is when they rotate pressed down towards the bottom of the
receiver and carried with a certain pressure to the passages a through the connect-
ing openings e, so that by the help of this pressure and of the jets of steam it easily

page_text: rises in the passages; at the same time the turbine causes the dye and the fluid to
mix intimately and prevents the dye from being deposited on the bottom of C.
The turbine not only acts with a certain pressure on the fluid contained in C, but
it also exercises a suction power on the bath that is passing the bobbins so that it
is forced with a certain pressure through the bobbins and thus reaches the inner-
most threads of the latter.
In consequence of the action of the turbine the dye-fluid is always uniform,
and therefore the bobbins are dyed uniformly all through.
The advantages of my apparatus as compared to other apparatus are in short once
more:
1.) An intimate mixing of the dye and fluid thus completely preventing the
former from becoming deposited in the receiver and therefore causing the bobbins
to be dyed uniformly.
2.) Rapid and uniform heating of the bath to the temperature necessary for
dyeing, and a permanent keeping up of this heat; hence saving of time and
material.
3.) The wool fibres are in no wise damaged.
4.) Prevention of accidents from the flowing over of the boiling dye-fluid over
the upper rim of the apparatus.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:-
A dyeing-apparatus for carded wool in which the dyeing fluid standing below the
bobbins is carried upwards while being continually agitated and maintained a
constantly uniform temperature, and driven downwards through the bobbins
distinguished by:
1.) The arrangement of passages a a¹ on the inner circumference of the
bipartite bath-receiver C, E, the parts of which, situated in the lower part C of
the bath receiver and are either all or only in part provided with steam-jet tubes f,
for the admission of steam for the purpose of carrying along and at the same time
heating the bath.
2.) The arrangement of a turbine 1) with pairs of blades inclined slantwise down-
wards and arranged the one under the other in the lower part C of the bath-tank
for the purpose of mixing the dye and the fluid as well as for forcing the bath into
the passages a¹ a¹ of the bath-tank and for sucking down the bath that is
penetrating the bobbins.
3.) The arrangement of a marginal ring at the upper margin of the upper part E
of the bath-tank in order to prevent the bath from overflowing.
Dated this 20th day of November 1897.