IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Cole, of Coventry, in the County of Warwick,
Pattern Designer and Draftsman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING,"
Sealed the 9th November 1860, and dated the 17th May 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Cole at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
May 1860.
I, JAMES COLE, of Coventry, in the County of Warwick, Pattern Designerand
Draftsman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iμ-
PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
My Invention of "Improvements in Looms for Weaving" relates to the
means of forming two or more sheds in the warps of figured fabrics, so that
two or more shuttles may be thrown through separate sheds, and may be
thrown either in the same or in opposite directions. The effect of this arrange-
ment will be that the pattern or figure will be thrown up on the surface of the
fabric, and a clear back will be produced instead of the pattern threads being
allowed to appear on the back of the fabric, as is now the case in weaving
brocaded and figured silks and ribbons.
In carrying out my Invention, I work the warps and form the sheds by
means of heddles, which are moved by hooked rods controlled by jacquard
apparatus, whereby these hooked rods are thrown back when required, so as
to allow the griff or other equivalent contrivance to pass without acting on
ID Q.1.1

page_text: them. These hooked rods are of different lengths, so that when acted on by
the griff or other equivalent contrivance for lifting then, they will be made to
lift portions of the warp threads to different heights, so as to form two or
more distinct and separate sheds through which the shuttles may be thrown to
form the fabric.
Another improvement consists in forming three sheds from the warp,so as
to admit of forming on the outside edges of the fabric a strip of work of
uniform color or without any figured pattern. The threads of this additional
shed are not operated upon by the jacquard to form a pattern or figure, or by
the hooked rods before-mentioned, but these outside warpthreads are worked
by heddles connected with shafts or byleaves of heddles, which are connected
with a pulley or roller, which is turned on its axis by means of a strap or band
attached to some lifting part of thejacquard apparatus or by means of suitable
mechanism connected with the main shaft.
Another mode of forming separate sheds, consists in the employment of
moveable boards something analogous to trap boards, and through which pass
the cords of certain of the heddles. These moveable boards are arranged to
descend a certain distanco at the proper time, so as to allow a certain portion
of the warp threads to fall and form an additional shed or sheds at different
planes. The moveable boards inay for this purpose be each arranged to descend
10 different distances, so as to form the sheds on different levels.
Another improvement consists in the use and application of double leashes,
one end of the leash is provided with a mail for the warp threads to pass
through, and the other end is a plain leash. Both ends of this double
leash are weighted so that when the mail part of the leash or heddle
is lifted, the leddle cords may by the weight on the plain part of
the leash be still kept at tension and prevented from slacking or getting off
the hooks.
Another improvement consists in weaving in the loom two or more narrow
fabrics one above the other, or side by side, but ou different planes. Two or
more of the fabrics if placed side by side may be either joined laterally
together, so as to form one wide fabric of different colors or patterns, or the
fabrics may be made separate.
Another improvement relates to a novel form or construction of shuttle to
be used in my improved looms, and consists in making at the back of the
shuttle a tongue, groove, or rebate, which is made to slide in a corresponding
groove in the shuttle plank. By this means the shuttle is kept steady in its
motion, and is supported while being carried through the shed.
By means of the above improvements, or some of them, I am enabled to

page_text: make whatare termed in the trade double or treble labored fabric, with.single
labor, also to make two or more distinct colored grounds in the same fabric,
and to work a brocade or warp figure on one or more of the grounds or
to brocade plain goods or checks.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Cole in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 17th
November 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
COLE, of Coventry, in the County of Warwick, Pattern Designer and
draughtsman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Janes Cole, Her special license that I, the said James Cole, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James
Cole, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
James Cole, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
=
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Cole, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to
the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
My Invention of "Improvements in Looms for Weaving," relates to the
means of forining two or more sheds in the warps of figured fabrics so that
two or more shuttles may be thrown through separate sleds, and may be
thrown either in the same or in opposite directions. The effect of this

page_text: arrangement will be that the pattern or figure will be thrown upon the surface
of the fabric and a clear back will be produced iustead of the pattern threads
being allowed to appear on the back of the fabric, as is now the case in
weaving brocaded and figured silks and ribbons. By weaving fabrics in this
manner, I am enabled not only to produce a neater and better apparance on
the back of the fabric, but also to effect a very considerable economy in
the silk or other material without detracting from the apparent richness of
the fabric.
In carrying out my Invention I work the warps and form the sheds by
means of heddles, which are moved by hooked rods controlled by jacquard
apparatus, whereby the hooked rods are thrown back when required so as to
allow the griffor other equivalent contrivance to pass without acting on them.
These hooked rods are of different lengths, so that when acted on by the griff
or other equivalent contrivance for lifting them they will be made to lift
portions of the warp threads to different heights so as to forin two or more
distinct and separate sheds through which the shuttles may be thrown to form
the fabric.
At Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawings I have shewn an
arrangement of apparatus whereby this part of my Inveution
iuto effect.
inay
be carried
Fig. 1, Sheet I., is a vertical section of a jacquard machine, with the
harness and other parts arranged according to my first improvement; Fig. 2 is
a side elevation of the same; Fig. 2 is a diagram shewing the mode of
forming the double shed.
In Figures 1 and 2 a is a lever for lifting the griff 6, or other equivalent
contrivance, to which it is connected by means of the links c, c. This lever
turns upon a stud or axle d as its centre, and may be worked by any of the
mechanical appliances usually employed for a similar purpose in jacquard
machines, so that the griff may have a rising and falling motion communicated
to it. The hooked wires e, e, to which the harness of the loom is attached as
usual, are made of two or more lengths, according to the number of sheds it
may be desired to form. Suppose two sheds are required, as shewn in the
Diagram, Fig. 2a, there will be hooked wires e, e³, of two different lengths, and
the lower ends of all the wires will rest in the same plane on a fixed board,
called the tug board or plate, fixed to the framing in the place indicated at f
Fig. 2. The tugs g, g, are attached to the lower ends of the hooked wires e, e,
and when all these latter are resting upon the fixed board or plate fall the
warp threads that are passed through the harness below will be at the
sume level.

page_text: It will now be understood that when the griff' b rises it will first lift the
shorter hooked wires e, and then the longer ones e¹; a portion of the warp
threads will therefore be lifted to a higher level than the others, as at i, i,
the warp threads and hooked wires e representing those which have not
been acted upon by the griff, and therefore not lifted from their normal
position.
Another mode of forming separate sheds consists in the employment of
moveable boards,something analogous to trap boards, and through which pass
the cords of certain of the beadles. These moveable boards are arranged to
descend a certain distance at the proper time, so as to allow a certain portion
of the warp threads to fall and form an additional shed or sheds at different
planes. The moveable boards may for this purpose be arranged to descend to
different distances so as to form the sheds on different levels.
Fig. 3 is a front elevation, and Fig. 4a sectional view, of an arrangement of
this kind,in which the tug boardfis made to fall in combination with the rise
of the griff 6, or other equivalent contrivance. a is the lever for lifting the
griff or trap board by means of the links c, c. The short and long hooked-wires
are shown at e, e¹, as in the former instance; h, k, are levers turning on studs
fixed in the framing, and connected at one end by means of links l, l, to the
links c of the griff, and at their opposite ends by means of long connecting
rods m, m³, to the moveable tug boardf below. n is the jacquard cylinder.or
chime barrel, which acts on the horizontal needles o, for the purpose of
selecting certain of the hooked wires e, e', in the usual inanner, and pushing
them out of the way of the griff when it rises. The operation of the several
parts will be as follows,and will be best understood by referring to the Diagram,
Fig. 4. The proper wires e, e', to be acted on by the griff for the formation
of the two sheds, having been selected by the jacquard in the usual manner,
the griff b is raised by the operation of the lever a, Fig. 4, and will in its
ascent catch hold of and lift such wires e, e, as have been selected and pushed
forward by the cylinder n, and simultaneously with this movement the leverk,
Fig. 4, will allow the tug board f to descend to the position shewn by dots
in Figures 3 and 4, and those hooked wires e, which have not been selected
by the cylindern, will descend with the tug board, and thereby two sheds will
be formed, as shewn in the Diagram, Fig. 4*.
It will now be understood that the double shed will be produced by the
simultaneous rising of the griff and falling of the tug board, and that the short
hooked wires will pull up the upper warp threads of the top shed, and the tug
board will let down the bottom warp threads of the lower shed, while the long
hooks e will hold the middle warp threads steady.

page_text: In Figures 1 and 2 I have shewn a mode of forming three sheds whereby I
am enabled to produce figured fabrics with different colored grounds at the
side or figured edges with a different centre. This is effected by making part
of the tug board fixed and another part or parts inoveable; or, in other words,
there will be one fixed tug board, as in Fig. 2, and two moveable ones fl
and (Fig. 2). The fixed tug board f is secured to the framing of the
machine, and the moveable tug boards f,, are attached to the lower ends
of rods m, m³, the upper ends of which are jointed to the outer ends of the
levers h, k, which are jointed at their opposite ends to the upper link c of
the griff.
It will be seen on referring to Fig. 2, that the points of connection of the
rod of the tug board f, with the lever k, is much nearer the fulcrum or
centre of motion of this lever than the point of connection of the rod m of the
tug board, with the lever k', is to the fulcrum or centre of motion of this
latter lever; the tug board will therefore be allowed to descend much lower
than the other tug board, aud consequently a shed will be formed on a
lower level than that formed by the other tug board.
Another improvement relates to a novel mode of forming two or more sleds
from the warp so as to admit of forming on the outside edges of the fabric
a strip of work of uniform color or without any figured pattern. This object
may be effected without the use of hooked wires of different lengths, and if
no pattern is required on the edgings, the threads of the additional shed need
not be operated upon by the jacquard nor by the hooked rods, but these
outside warp threads may. be worked by leaves of heddles, or by heddles, or
harness attached to shafts connected with pullies or rollers, whichare capable
of being turned on their axes by means of straps or bands attached to some
lifting part of the jacquard machine or by means of suitable mechanism
connected with the main shaft. Fig. 5 is a diagram representing this improve-
ment; the hooked wires e may be made all of the same length and rest
by their lower ends on the tug board as before mentioned. Any of the hooked
wires, which may be most conveniently placed for the purpose may be
connected by means of a strap p to rollers or pullies q, which are mounted
and turn freely on a horizontal shaft. Any desired number of leashes or
heddles r, according to the width of plain work required at the sides of the
fabric are secured by their upper ends to the surface of the pullies or
rollers 7. It will of course be understood that these pullies or rollers must be
used in pairs so as to work the top and bottom parts of the shed, and it will be
seen that when the hooked wire e is lifted by the griff it will pull round one
of the pullies or rollers q in the direction of the arrow, and consequently cause

page_text: the heddles or harness to descend and form the shed. It will be evident that
by employing pullies or rollers of different diameters two or more sheds may
be formed.
Although I have explained that the pullies or rollers 4 ure worked by
means of the hooked wires e to which they are attached, as above-mentioned,
yet it will be evident that the pullies may be connected to any other moveable
or rising part of the machinery whereby they may be aciunted. I would also
remark that if desired an arrangement of this kind may be used in order to lift
certain of the warp threads to form an additional she: instead of causing the
warp threads to fall as before-mentioned. An obvious modification of the
above contrivance is the substitution of a trap board, and knotted cords for the
griff and hooked wires.
Another improvement consists in the use and application of double leashes,
one end of the leash being provided with a maille or eye for the warp threads
to pass through, and the other end is a plain leash. Both the lower ends
of this double leash are weighted, so that when the maille part of the
leash or heddle is lifted the heddle cords may by the weight on the plain
part of the leash be still kept at tension and prevented from slacking and the
hooks from getting out of the proper position.
Figures 6 and 7 are views of my improved double leash; s represents
the maille end of the leash, and s is the plain end of the leash; t is the
maille or eye through which the warp threads pass; u, u', are the lingoes
or weights for keeping both ends of the leash tight; u are shafts which pass
under the heads of the leashes for the purpose of lifting the same, as shown
in the right hand view, Fig. 7. When the shaft is raised in order to lift
the maille end of the leash to form a shed, the only part of the harness which
is slackened is the head of the leash or that between the shaft vand
the knot whereby the two ends of the leash are attached to the lashing;
the weight or lingoe u, Fig. 7, keeping the plain leash and also the lashing w
above it, in proper tension, so that none of the hooked rods of the jacquard
apparatus may be loose and liable to get out of place. In Fig. 1 I have
shewn my improved double leashes adapted to a loom in combination with
some of my other improvements. At Z in the same Figure I have shewn a
set of common leashes with ordinary lashing, from which it will be seen that
the shaft having lifted up the maille end of the leash, the lashing w
above will be slackened as indicated by the crooked red line in the Figure; but
when the improved double leashes are employed as shown at X in the saine
Figure the weight u' at the end of the plain leash will keep the lashing tight,
and only the head part at the upper end of the maille leash will be slackened.

page_text: By means of the various improvements above set forth, or some of them,
two or more narrow fabrics may be woven simultaneously in the same loom
one above the other, or side by side, but on different planes. By this means a
very considerable economy in time and labour may be effected, and a larger
product can be obtained from a loom of a given size or breadth. Two
or more of the fabrics, if placed side by side may be either joined laterally
together, so as to form oue wide fabric of different colours or patterns, or
the fabrics may be made separate if preferrod. The double or treble sheds
required for the above purpose may be produced either by means of the
hooked wires of different lengths or by the pulley arrangement shown in
Fig. 5.
Another improvement relates to a novel form or construction of shuttle to
be used in myimproved looms, and consists in making at the back of the shuttle
a tongue groove or rebate, which is made to slide in, or on a corresponding
groove or tongue in the shuttle plank.
This improvement is intended to be applied to that description of shuttle
in which the shanks or square ends of the shuttle are inserted incorresponding
holes or sockets, made in uprights, whereby the shuttle is moved to-and-fro
through the sheds. By constructing a tongue groove or rebate in the back of
the shuttle, and causing it to slide or move in or on guides as above-mentioned,
the shuttle is kept steady in its motion, and is supported while being carried
through the shed, and there is therefore but little danger of the shuttle missing
its socket in the opposite upright, as it is transferred from one upright to the
other in the opposite side of the shed.
Fig. 8 is a plan view of one of my improved shuttles; Fig. 8 is a
cross section of a shuttle plank with one of my improved grooved shuttles
adapted thereto; is the body of the shuttle; y, y, the two square ends
or shanks; . is the groove formed at the back part of the shuttle to
run in a groove or chaunel made in the shuttle plank; Fig. 9 is a plan
view, and Fig. 9ª an end view of another shuttle, in which the same
object is effected by means of a tongue z instead of the groove in the other
instance.
Having now described my Invention of "Improvements in Looms for
Weaving," and having explained the manner of carrying the same into
effect, I claim, as tho Invention secured to me by Letters Patent as aforesaid,
the various improvements in, and the mode of operating the several parts
of looms as herein set forth, whereby I am enabled to make what are termed
in the trade double or treble labored fabrics with single labor, and to produce
figured fabrics with a clear back, instead of the pattern threads being allowed

page_text: to appear on the back of the fabric, as is now the case in weaving brocaded
and figured silks and ribbons; also to make two or more distinct colored
grounds in the same fabric, or to weave two or more fabrics, one above the
other, or side by side, and to work a brocade or warp figure on one or
more of the grounds, or to brocade plain goods or checks. I also claim
constructing the shuttles to be used in my improved looms for weaving
with a tongue, groove, or rebate, in the manner and for the purpose herein
set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Cole, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Fifteenth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
JAMES COLE. (L.S.)