Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Feb., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 6th Nov., 1895-Accented, 7th Dec., 1805
I, BENJAMIN BAINES DADLEY of the Thames Ironworks and Shipbuilding
Company Blackwall Middlesex Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
I make the washer of steel or other suitable material with one or more projections
on the side furthest from the nut, arranged to fit or lie in a corresponding hole or
slot in the object which is to be lock bolted in such a way that when in its place it
cannot be turned round upon the bolt. I also from the outer edge of the washer
for some distance in towards its centre, form radiating teeth or spurs, the said teeth
or spurs being curved upwards from their junction with the central part of the
washer, and arranged to fit into corresponding grooves or indentations which I
form on that face of the nut which is turned to the washer in screwing up; the nut
having these grooves or indentations in its face from its outer edge towards its
centre corresponding to the teeth or spurs of the washer; in the process of
screwing up on the bolt the teeth or spurs are pressed down by the ridges on the
nuts face & rebound upwards into the corresponding grooves or indentations when
the ridge has passed over and so lock the nut against turning backwards or forward
unless some force is applied at the end of a spanner or its equivalent, the washer
also being prevented from turning by its one or more projections fitting into the
object which has to be lock bolted as before described, it will at once be seen that
the bolt is completely locked.
By differentiating the number of teeth or spurs from the corresponding grooves
or indentations in the nut I am enabled to adjust the tightness of the grip of the
bolt with a considerable amount of precision: thus if I have 10 teeth or spurs on
the washer & 11 corresponding grooves or indentations in the nut I obtain a lock
for every o part of a complete revolution of the nut & if the thread is of an
inch pitch, in tightening the grip of the bolt a lock is made for every 1100 part of
an inch advance of the nut upon the bolt, which is of great importance when a
tight grip is required; the advantage of such an adjustable lock in the case of
permanent way & other bolts which in ordinary circumstances are likely to work
foose will at once be recognised.
In general I form the teeth or spurs & the corresponding grooves or indentations
in such a manner that the nut can be turned either way by means of a spanner or
its equivalent, but in cases where the bolt is likely to be tampered with I form
them in such a manner that while the nut may be turned readily forward by means
of a spanner it cannot be turned backward without considerable difficulty or
rupturing of the nut or washer.
Dated this 4th day of February 1895.

page_text: Improvements in Lock Nuts and Washers.
1, BENJAMIN BAINES DADLEY, of the Thames Ironworks and Shipbuilding
Company, Blackwall, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention relates to improvements in locking nuts upon screw bolts.
According to my invention I employ a washer having one or more projections
designed to enter a hole or holes in the surface against which the washer is applied,
the said washer being provided with a series of radial teeth or spurs curved upwards
from their junctions with the central part of the washer, and in conjunction with
this washer make use of a nut having on the surface adjacent to the washer a
series of grooves or indentations of the saine or approximately the same shape as
the said teeth or spurs, whereby when the nut is screwed down onto the washer so
that the teeth or spurs engage with the indentations of the said nut the latter will
be prevented from rotating.
In practice I find it advantageous to make the number of teeth or spurs on
the washer different from the corresponding grooves or indentations in the nut
whereby I am enabled to adjust the tightness of the grip of the bolt with
precision.
To enable my invention to be fully understood I will describe the same by
reference to the accompanying drawing, in which :-
Figure 1 is an elevation shewing my nut and washer in connection with a bolt
for securing a fish-plate or other object:
Figure 2 is a plan view of the underside of my nut:
Figure 3 is a plan of my washer; and,
Figure 4 is a central transverse section of the said washer.
a indicates the bolt, the fish-plate or other object against the surface of
which the nut is to be tightened, c my washer, and d the lock nut working
therewith.
My washer which is made of spring metal has a number of slots e formed
around it in order to form the teeth or spurs f, which teeth or spurs are bent
upwardly as shewn in Figure 4. 9, 9 are the projections wbich I form upon the
back side of the washer and which engage with corresponding holes or apertures h, h
in the plate to prevent the washer from rotating. These projections may be
formed in any suitable manner. In the drawing I have represented them as being
stamped out of the plate from which the washer is formed by turning or stamping
down the parts indicated by the dotted lines in Figure 3.
is a flange with which my lock nut is provided, and i, are the grooves or
indentations formed in the surface of the said flange adapted to lie against the
washer, k, k being the ribs between the said grooves.
With this arrangement it will be understood that if the nut is provided with as
many grooves or indentations as the washer is provided with teeth or spurs, when
the nut is screwed against the said washer the several spurs will enter the spaces
between the said ribs, the said teeth or spurs as the nut is tightened being moved
back as the ribs pass over them and then again rebounding into other corresponding
grooves or indentations.
As hereinbefore stated, however, I prefer to provide the washer with a different
number of spurs from the number of grooves or indentations in the nut, for
instance, I provide the washer with ten teeth or spurs and the nut with eleven
grooves or indentatious whereby 1 obtain a lock for every 10 part of a complete

page_text: revolution of the nut, and if the thread is 1 of an inch pitch, in tightening the nut
a lock is made for every 100 part of an inch that the nut is screwed down which
is of great importance when a tight grip is required.
It will be understood that with this arrangement only one tooth or spur of the
washer can be in full engagement with a groove or indentation in the nut, the
other teeth or spurs being more or less pressed down by the several ribs of
the nut.
In practice I form the teeth or spurs and the corresponding grooves or
indentations in such a manner that the nut can be turned in either direction by
means of a spanner or its equivalent but in cases where the bolt is likely to be
tampered with I may form the said teeth and grooves in such a manner that
while the nut may be turned readily forward by means of a spanner it cannot be
turned backwards without considerable difficulty or without damaging the nut or
washer.
Although in the foregoing description I have described the nut as provided with
grooves or indentations all around it and the washer with teeth or spurs all around
it, it is to be understood that this is not necessary as the nut may be provided with
only one groove designed to engage with one or the other of the teeth or spurs of
the washer. Or the washer may be provided with only one tooth or spur designed
to engage with one or the other of the grooves or indentations of the nut.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In locking nuts upon their bolts, the combination with a nut provided with a
groove or indentation or grooves or indentations upon its underside, of a washer
having studs or projections designed to enter corresponding holes or apertures in
the surface against which the washer is to be placed and having a tooth or stud or
teeth or studs designed to engage with the groove or indentation or grooves or
indentations upon the nut, substantially as described.
2. For locking nuts upon bolts the combination of a lock-nut having a series of
radiating grooves or indentations and a spring washer having a series of teeth or
spurs designed to engage with the grooves or indentations in the nut, the number
of grooves or indentations and of teeth or spurs being different, substantially as,
and for the purpose, described.
3. Lock nuts and washers constructed, arranged and operating substantially in
the manner hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
Dated this 6th day of November 1895.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.