CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CANDLESTICKS
Year: 1842

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
CLIVE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Iron Founder, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Iler
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Seventh day of April, in the fifth year of Her reign, and
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-two, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Thomas
Clive, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I,
the said Thomas Clive, my exors, adiñiors, and assigns, and such others as I, the
said Thomas Clive, my exors, adiñors, or assigns, should at any timo agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of
years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, an
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CANDLESTICKS;"
in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso obliging me, the said
Thomas Clive, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, par-
ticularly to describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be enrolled in
Her Majesty's High Court of Chaucery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as
in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, 1, the sand
Thomas Clive, do hereby declare that my said Invention is described and
ascertained in this my Specification, aided by the Sheet of Drawings appended
hereto (that is to say) :—
My improvements in candlesticks consist, firstly, in the construction of a
now apparatus or "push up" (as this part in commonly called) for raising the
candle in the socket of the candlestick; and, secondly, in the combination of
this new "push up" with an elastic holder for holding a candle securely in the
candlestick, and for which (in part) a Patent was granted on the Twenty-fifth
day of April, One thousand eight hundred and thirty-nine, to James Barlow,
of Birmingham aforesaid, Brass Founder, who inrolled in the Rolls Chapel
Office a Specification of his Invention, on the Twenty-second day of October,
in the same year; and, as I shall only describe his Invention so far as is
necessary to shew it in combination with my own, I refer those to that Speci-
fication who may require more information about it.
"
In the following description the same letters of reference refer to the same
parts on all the Drawings.
My new "push up" is composed of a rack b, and pinion a, and shown
in Figures 8 and 9 as applied to what is called in the trade a "sheet hand"
candlestick; Figure 8 being a section through the candlestick at right angles
to the axis of the pinion a, and Figure 9 in the same direction as that axis.
The rack 6 is made of brass, about one-sixteenth part of an inch thick, and
forms an arc of about two-fifths of a circle (except at its top and bottom ends,
which are complete circles,) and upon the edges of this are a number of teëth
are cut, into which the pinion a is geared. The (circular) top of this arc has
a flat circular disc of metal 'soldered into it, and forms a base to which the
"
cup c is rivetted; and in the back of this are a spring d is made by cutting
away the metal from three of its sides (leaving it suspended at the top), and
then pressing it outwards, as shewn in the Drawing. Its uso is, by pressing
against the shaft A, to provent the rack or "push up" sliding downwards
except when actuated upon by the pinion a. The rack or "push up" & being
now put in the shaft A, the pinion a is put through a hole made on each side
of the shaft upon which it is supported, and it is fastened in its place by being
rivetted at the end e. By turning round the knob g with the fore finger and
thumb the pinion a revolves, and moves the rack or "push up" either up or
down, depending upon the way in which the knob g is turned.
Figure 10 is a plan, Figure 11 a side elevation, and Figure 12 a front
elevation, of the rack or "push up "b; and Figure 13 is an ond elevation, and
Figure 14 a side clevation, of the pinion a.

page_text: "
Figure 1 represents a "table" candlestick having my improved "push up '
attached, and so varied in form as to enable it to pass freely through the
neck h, h, which is usually found in these ornamental candlesticks; and this
"push up" or rack b is a flat piece of cast brass, having teeth cut all across it.
The spring d is made of steel, and rivetted to the rack 6; and another steel
spring i, i, is added to press the rack band the pinion a together, so as to keep
them closely in gear; and the pinion a, shewn also in Figure 15, is much
smaller than the one used in the candlestick shewn in Figures 8 and 9. This
"push up" or rack b is shown alone in Figures 16, 17, and 18.
:
Figures 2 and 3 are sections at right angles to each other, and represent my
improved "push up" applied to a "table" candlestick, in combination with
James Barlow's olastic candle holder. I will, first of all, describe how this
elastic holder is formed, and then its application will be readily understood :-
Figure 30 represents a thin piece of sheet steel or other metal, cut into a
star form, which is afterwards bent up by suitable tools into somewhat of
a tulip shape, as shewn in Figures 26 and 27; and is then attached to the
cylindrical piece of brass at Figures 28 and 29, by rivetting them together or
otherwise, which gives it the appearance shewn in Figure 25. It is now
forced into the socket B, and when in its proper position it is fastened there by
bending outwards, in a bell-mouthed shape, the bottom of the cylindrical piece
of brass m, which is thus made to embrace or overlap the base of-the.socket B.
After this elastic holder has been thus fixed into the candlestick, the "push
up" is applied in precisely the same way as I have herein-before described in
my explanation of Figures 8 and 9. When a candle is to be introduced into
this candlestick, the "push up "is caused to rise by turning the knob g, and
the cup c coming in contact with the tongs n opens them or causes them to
expand, and when the candle has been received, the "push up" is lowered,
the candle descending with it, and the tongs n contract and clip it firmly.
Figures 19 to 24 inclusive show two racks b, both of which may be employed
in such a candlestick as Figures 2 and 3; but I prefer the one I have there
represented.
Figure 4 represents my improved "push up," and James Barlow's elastic
holder, as applied to a "sheet hand" candlestick; and here it will be scen
that the elastic holder is fastened to the shaft A by two small rivets p,p; and
note that the elastic holder may be fastened in the candlestick shown at
Figures 2 and 3 by the same means, though I prefer the method previously
explained.
Figures 5 and 6 are sections taken at right angles to each other, and
Figure 7 a front elevation of a candlestick to which my improved "push up"

page_text: is attached, and where a method is shown of raising and depressing it by merely
turning round the nozzle C of the candlestick. . A is the shaft, which must be
fastened to a foot or base, as in Figure 4, &c. B is a cylinder, soldered to the
nozzle C, and fits nicely. round the shaft A, so that it can be turned round with
freedom. Its lower edge has a quantity of teeth cut in it which gear into the
small vertical wheel w, and it is kept in gear by the upper end of the shaft A
being turned out in a bell-mouthed shape so as to clasp or overlap the nozzle
C, which prevents the cylinder B from rising. It will be seen in Figure 6 that
the vertical wheel w is fixed upon the end of the pinion a, and that motion is
given to it by turning round the cylinder B, (or, as it may be called, the
horizontal wheel,) and this is done by applying the fore finger and thumb to tho
nozzle C. It is also plain that the horizontal wheel may be placed below
the vertical wheel w, and still act in a like manner.
Having now described my improvements in candlesticks, and explained how
they are carried into effect, I wish it to be understood that I claim as my
Invention any "push up" in which a rack and pinion is used, of whatever form
and however placed; and also the methods, herein-before described, of giving
motion to the rack and pinion.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Clive, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Sixth day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-two.
THOMAS (L.B.) CLIVE.