IMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANIC BATTERIES, AND IN THE MODES OF APPLYING THE SAME TO ELECTRO MOTIVE-POWER AND OTHER ENGINGS
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Frederic Carlier, of Paris, France,
Mechanician-Electrician, for the Invention of
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
GALVANIC BATTERIES, AND IN THE MODES OF APPLYING THE SAME TO ELECTRO
MOTIVE-POWER AND OTHER ENGINGS."
Sealed the 28th September 1866, and dated the 3rd April 1866. .
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Frederic Carlier
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd April 1866.
I, CHARLES FREDERIC CARLIER, of Paris, France, Mechanician-Electrician,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
GALVANIC BATTERIES, AND IN THE MODES OF APPLYING THE SAME TO ELECTRO MOTIVE
POWER AND OTHER ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to improvements in galvanic batteries, and in the
modes of applying the same to electro motive-power and other engines.
The first part of my Invention consists in replacing the ordinary gas' carbon
elements of galvanic batteries by a mixture of pulverized gas carbon or other
suitable carbonaceous matter and paraffine pressed in the required shape,
[Price 8d.]

page_text: which allows of manufacturing elements of almost any desired shape and
size. The pulverized carbon is to be fully saturated with paraffine, any excess
of which will ooze out on pressing it into the required shape.
The second part of the Invention consists in doing away with what is
called the remanent magnetism of electro-magnets, viz., the electricity which,
particularly in powerful electro-magnets, remains in them after the passing of
an electric current, and which in electro motive-power engines powerfully
counteracts the effect of the same. For this purpose, besides the ordinary
electric wire, I provide the bobbin of the electro-magnet with a few coils or
helixes of a second wire kept duly isolated from the first one, through which
second wire at each breaking of the electric circuit I cause a current to pass
in opposite direction to that which had passed in the first wire, and of the
required intensity for neutralizing the remanent magnetism of the first
current, but without giving rise itself to such remanent magnetism. This
principle of neutralizing the effects of the remanent magnetism I apply to
any description of electro motive-power engines.
The third part of my Invention relates to the application of electro or
ordinary magnets to trunnions, pivots, slides, or other similar parts of machinery,
which in moving are subject to friction either by the effect of their own weight
or by that of the weight bearing on those parts.
The Invention consists in doing away either entirely or at least for the
greater part with the friction produced between such moving parts and the
bearings, steps, sockets, bed plates, or other parts in or on which the said
moving parts act. For this purpose I fix one or more electro or ordinary
magnets in such position above the said moving parts as to cause them to
exert a tendency to lift the said parts, so as to counteract and thereby
neutralize, either partly or in full, the weight of or sustained by the said
moving parts.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Frederic Carlier in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 3rd October 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
FREDERIC CARLIER, of Paris, France, Mechanician-Electrician,
greeting.
send
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of April, in the year of our Lord

page_text: One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Charles Frederic Carlier, Her special licence that 1, the said Charles
Frederic Carlier, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Charles Frederic Carlier. my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANIC BATTERIES, AND IN THE
MODES OF APPLYING THE SAME TO ELECTRO MOTIVE-POWER AND OTHER ENGINES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles Frederic
Carlier, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, ог one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Frederic Carlier, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
My Invention relates to improvements in galvanic batteries, and in the
modes of applying the same to electro motive-power or other engines.
The first part of my Invention consists in replacing the ordinary gas carbon
elements hitherto in use in some descriptions of galvanic batteries by a body
formed by submitting a mixture of finely pulverized gas carbon, graphite, or
other suitable carbonaceous matter and molten paraffine to a powerful pressure
in a suitable mould, the mixture being heated in order to keep the paraffine
in the fluid state and cause the excess of paraffine (the pulverized carbon
having been previously fully saturated therewith) to ooze out during the
pressure, and leave behind in the mould a substantial solid mass of the
required shape, and which is to be used as a carbon element in galvanic
batteries.
The second part of the Invention consists in a mode of constructing and
arranging the electro-magnets in electro motive-power engines so as to get rid
of or neutralize what is called the remanent magnetism of electro-magnets,
viz., the electricity which, particularly in powerful electro-magnets, remains
in them immediately after the passing of the electric current through them,

page_text: and which in electro motive-power engines powerfully counteracts and
decreases the useful effects of the same. For neutralizing this remnant
magnetism I provide the bobbin of the electro-magnet, besides of the ordinary
electric wire with a few coils or helixes of a second wire, by preference wound
in opposite direction to the helixes of the first or primary wire, both wires
being kept duly insulated and independent of each other, through which
second or secondary wire I cause at each breaking of the electric circuit a
current to pass in opposite direction to that of the current which had passed
in the primary wire, and of sufficient intensity for neutralizing the remanent
magnetism of the electro-magnet, but not strong enough for giving itself rise
to a current counteracting the effect of the engine.
This mode of neutralizing the effects of the remnant magnetism I apply to
any description of electro motive-power engines, and the same may be put in
effect in the manner illustrated in Fig. 1, which Figure represents a vertical
cross sectional view of a pair of electro-magnets A & B arranged according
to my Invention, the red lines in the Figure representing the primary wires,
and the blue ones the secondary wires, separated from each other by a layer
of gutta percha, paper, or other suitable insulating material.
p & pl
respectively show the primary wire of each of the two electro-magnets A
& B, which wires are coiled in the well-known manner round the core of
each of the two arms of each of the said electro-magnets. Over the outer
coil of these wires p & p¹ is then applied a layer of gutta percha, paper, or
other suitable insulating material, and round this are wound a few coils or
helixes of the secondary wires s & s¹, viz., s for the magnet A, & s¹ for the
other one B. One of the ends of each of the primary wires p & p¹ is to be
connected to the battery Z, one end of the secondary wires is connected to
the free end of the primary wire p¹, and the other end of the wires to a metal
knob k, or to one pole of a pole changer; in the same manner one end of the
secondary wires is connected to the free end of the primary wire p, and the
other end of the wire s¹ to a knob k', or to the other pole of the pole changer.
By this arrangement at each time the current passes through the wire of the
electro-magnet A the same passes also through the wire s' of the other electro-
magnet B; but as there are, but a few coils of the wire s¹ on this, latter the
magnetic effect of this wire s' will be very small, and only sufficient for
neutralizing the remanent magnetism of the electro-magnet B, whereas when
the current is sent through the wire p¹ the wire s will in the same manner as
just explained for the wire s¹ neutralize the remanent magnetism of the
electro-magnet A. The principle of this part of the Invention consequently
consists in getting rid of the remnant magnetism, viz., the magnetism

page_text: remaining in an electro-magnet after the passing of a current, by causing a
current to pass through the said electro-magnet in an opposite direction to
that of the current which had given rise to the remanent magnetism, and of a
strength sufficient for annihilating this latter, but not intense enough for
producing a magnetizing effect in the electro-magnet.
The Figs. 2 & 3 respectively show a longitudinal side elevation and a top
view of an electro motive-power engine the electro-magnets of which have
been arranged according to the principles just explained. In Fig. 3 part of
the electro-magnet A has been removed in order to show in what manner the
wires have been laid.
M is a cast or wrought-iron frame, in the two longitudinal sides m & m¹
of which are provided bearings for the trunnions of the horizontal arbor L of
a vertical wrought or cast iron distributing wheel N to revolve in. A & B
are two electro-magnets situated opposite to each other, one on each side of
the periphery of the wheel N, close to this latter, but without actually
touching the same. In the periphery of the said wheel, N are formed an odd
number of equidistant notches or incisions n¹, leaving between them a
corresponding number of teeth or projecting parts n of exactly the same size
and at the same distance apart from each other, whilst as they are in odd
number one of these teeth n will be situated before one of the electro-magnets
when one of the notches n¹ is situated before the opposite electro-magnet; the
projecting parts or teeth n of the wheel N will consequently form as many
keepers or contacts for the electro-magnets at each time when by the
revolution of the said wheel and the effect of lateral attraction one of the
teeth n comes opposite one of the electro-magnets. R is a pole changer of
any suitable construction, fixed to the frame M by an insulating bracket S.
Each of the bobbins is provided in the manner as has been above described in
reference to Fig. 1 with an inner or primary wire p, and with a few coils of
an outer or secondary wire s. One end of the primary wire p of the bobbin A
is connected to the battery Z, the other end is connected to one end of the
secondary wire s¹ of the bobbin B; the opposite end of this wire is
connected to one of the poles r of the pole changer; on the other hand one
end of the primary wire p¹ of the bobbin B is connected to the battery Z, and
the other end to one end of the secondary wires of the bobbin A; the opposite
end of the wire s is connected to the other pole r' of the pole changer; this
latter may simply consist of a tooth wheel v fixed on one of the trunnions of
the arbor L of the distributing wheel N. T & T are two springs forming
the two poles of the pole changer, and which are arranged in such manner
that when the free end of one of them is in contact with one of the teeth of

page_text: the wheel
the free end of the opposite spring is situated in one of the open
spaces left between cach two succeeding teeth, viz., out of contact with the
wheel. If consequently a slight impulse be given to the wheel N, each of
the teeth n will in turn be attracted by one of the bobbins A & B, in the
manner as will be readily understood by anybody conversant with electric
science. A peculiar advantage this electro motive-power engine offers is its
great lightness, the iron frame M serving as a support for the various parts,
and at the same time, and in turn, as an additional mass for the magnetic
cores of each of the bobbins A & B.
Another part of my Invention relates to the application of either electro or
ordinary or permanent magnets to those parts of machinery as are whilst
moving subject to friction by the effect of their own weight or of that they
have to sustain, and the Invention consists in doing away either entirely or at
least for the greater part with the friction produced between such moving
parts and the bearings, steps, bed plates, or other parts in or on which the
said moving parts act. For this purpose I fix one or more electro-magnets,
or one or more permanent magnets, in such manner and at such distance
above the said moving parts as to act for lifting them, and thereby counteract
or neutralize, either partly or in full, the weight of the moving part, or that
which this latter has to sustain, which I perform in the manner as exemplified
by the Figs. 4 & 5 respectively for a horizontal and for a vertical revolving
arbor.
In these two Figures A¹ represents the arbor, and B' the electro or the
permanent magnet acting in a manner for lifting the arbor, and which
consequently will cause less friction to be exerted by the arbors in their
bearings.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be put into effect,
I would observe in conclusion that I do not confine or restrict myself to the
precise details of the above-described arrangements, as many variations may
be made therefrom without deviating from the principles or main features of
the said Invention; but what I consider to be novel and original, and
therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part
recited Letters Patent is,-
i
1ly, establishing carbon elements for galvanic batteries by mixing together
and submitting to suitable pressure pulverized gas carbon, graphite, or other
suitable carbonaceous matter and paraffine.
2ly, the mode described and illustrated of getting rid of the remanent
magnetism of electro-magnets in electro motive-power engines by providing

page_text: the said electro-magnets, besides of the helixes of the ordinary electric wire,
with a few coils of an additional or secondary, in the manner as set forth.
3ly, the arrangement above described and illustrated of an electro motive-
power engine.
4ly, the mode described and illustrated of affixing either electro or permanent
magnets above revolving arbors, shafts, spindles, or other moving parts of
machinery for the purpose of counteracting or annihilating, either partly or in
full, the effects of friction exerted by the said moving parts on the bearings,
steps, or similar parts.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Frederic Carlier, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of September, One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
Witness,
A. G. BRADE.
CH. F. CARLIER. (L.S.)