IMPROVEMENTS IN GOVERNORS OR APPARATUS FOR REGULATING AND CONTROLLING THE PRESSUREOUSUI
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Orlando Brothers, of Blackburn, in the County of
Lancaster, Gas Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
GOVERNORS OR APPARATUS FOR REGULATING AND CONTROLLING THE PRESSURE
Sealed the 11th September 1866, and dated the 10th May 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION' left by the said Orlando Brothers at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th May 1866.
I, ORLANDO BROTHERS, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Gas
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVE
MENTS IN GOVERNORS OR APPARATUS FOR REGULATING AND CONTROLLING THE
PRESSURE AND FLOW OF ILLUMINATING GAS OR OTHER GASEOUS FLUIDS," to be as
follows:-
The class of governor to which this Invention relates, as heretofore
constructed, consists of a tank or outer case of cylindrical form filled with
water to a certain height, and open at the top. A "float" or gasholder is
introduced into the said tank, gas being supplied by means of an inlet pipe

page_text: entering the said tank at the bottom, and continued to above the water line,
discharging gas into the "float" or gasholder. The outlet pipe is in like
manner introduced and continued to the interior of the float or gasholder
above the water line. Attached to the last-mentioned pipe and to the top of
the float or gasholder is a cone valve for the purpose of controlling the
discharge of gas, as follows:-As the pressure of gas from the inlet pipe is
increased the float or gasholder is raised, thus partially closing the orifice of
the valve, and preventing the too rapid discharge or delivery of gas. As the
pressure decreases the float or gasholder descends and raises the valve. It
is found in practice that governors constructed as above described do not
insure an equal pressure and flow of gas when such governors are stationed
at varying altitudes, a considerable pressure having to be maintained during
the day (or at some altitudes there would be no supply), which is objectionable,
because of the loss by leakage.
In constructing governors or apparatus for regulating and controlling the
pressure and flow of illuminating gas according to my Invention I form the
float or gasholder with a "difference chamber," or chamber for the reception
of atmospheric air, the supply and discharge of atmospheric air (as the float
ascends or descends) being obtained by means of a pipe, the lower end of
which is open to the atmosphere, the other end of the said pipe terminating
in the difference chamber. To the inlet pipe of the governor is connected a
second pipe, communicating with a gas chamber" placed over or above the
float or gasholder. The action of the valve and flow of gas is regulated with
great nicety by the aid of the "difference chamber" and gas chamber, because
the inlet pressure is caused (by the pressure in the gas chamber) to net on
the top of the float or gasholder as well as underneath, thus causing an
upward and downward pressure, and on account of a certain area of the
underneath surface of the float or gasholder (namely, the area of the
difference chamber,) being connected with the atmosphere by means of
the pipe above mentioned, and therefore not under the action of the upward
pressure or lifting power of the gas, the downward pressure acting upon a
greater area will overcome the upward pressure, and depress the float or gas-
holder until the immersion; to, a certain depth causes an upward pressure
equal to the downward pressure caused by the gas chamber opening the cone
valve, and as this immersion will be greater or less as the inlet pressure
increases or decreases, so will the valve, be opened, or closed and the outlet
pressure or flow, be increased or decreased. It will be perceived from the
above that by, raising the water line a greater inlet pressure will be required
to open the valve, and a less pressure will be given on the outlet, of the

page_text: governor. Thus by regulating the water line any pressure on the inlet can
be reduced to the pressure required on the outlet, so that when the governor
is fixed water will have to be run into it until the inlet pressure is reduced
on the outlet to the pressure required at the daytime; the only.attention
afterwards required will be keeping the water line to its adjusted level, for
when the pressure is increased at the works it will cause a greater pressure.
on the inlet of the governor, which by opening the valve, as already described,
will cause a corresponding increase' on the outlet, and as the pressure is
reduced the float or gas holder will rise, thus reducing the pressure to the
point at which it was adjusted.
This governor is chiefly intended to regulate the pressure of gas in districts
where the difference of level between the outlet from the works and the place
supplied with gas causes the pressure to be increased, to an amount which is
unnecessary and objectionable on account of leakage.
In constructing these governors the "air chambers," difference chamber,
and cone will have a relative proportion one to another, according to the size
of the inlet and outlet pipes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Orlando Brothers in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
29th October 1866.
. TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,' ORLANDO
BROTHERS, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Gas Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Orlando Brothers, Her special licence that I, the said Orlando Brothers,. my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Orlando
Brothers, my executors, administrators, and assign's; should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter. during the
term berein expressed, should and lawfully: might make; use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GOVERNORS OR
APPARATUS FOR REGULATING AND CONTROLLING THE PRESSURE AND. FLOW OF
ILLUMINATING GAS OR OTHER GASEOUS FLUIDS," upon the condition (amongst.

page_text: others) that I, the said Orlando Brothers, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
'NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Orlando Brothers, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
The class of governor to which this Invention relates, as heretofore con-
structed, consists of a tank or outer case of cylindrical form filled with water
to a certain height and open at the top; a "float" or gasholder is introduced
into the said tank, gas being supplied by means of an inlet pipe entering the
said tank at the bottom and continued to above the water line, discharging
gas into the float or gasholder; the outlet pipe is in like manner introduced
and continued to the interior of the float or gasholder above the water line.
Attached to the last-mentioned pipe and to the top of the float or gasholder is
a cone valve for the purpose of controlling the discharge of gas, as follows:-
As the pressure of gas from the inlet pipe is increased the float or gasholder is
raised, thus partially closing the orifice of the valve and preventing the too
rapid discharge or delivery of gas; as the pressure decreases the float or
gasholder descends and raises the valve. It is found in practice that governors
constructed as above described do not insure an equal pressure and flow of
gas when such governors are stationed at varying altitudes, a considerable
pressure having to be maintained during the day (or at some altitudes there
would be no supply, which is objectionable because of the loss by leakage.
In constructing governors or apparatus for regulating and controlling the
pressure and flow of illuminating gas according to my Invention I form the
float or gasholder with a "difference chamber," or chamber for the reception
of atmospheric air, the supply and discharge of atmospheric air (as the float
ascends or descends) being obtained by means of a pipe, the lower end of
which is open to the atmosphere, the other end of the said pipe terminating
in the difference chamber. To the inlet pipe of the governor is connected a
second pipe communicating with a "gas chamber" placed over or above the
float or gasholder. The action of the valve and flow of gas is regulated with
great nicety by the aid of the "difference chamber" and gas chamber, because
the inlet pressure is caused (by the pressure in the gas chamber) to act on
the top of the float or gasholder, as well as underneath, thus causing an

page_text: upward and downward pressure, and on account of a certain area of the
underneath surface of the float or gasholder (namely, the area of the difference
chamber) being connected with the atmosphere by means of the pipe above
mentioned, and therefore not under the action of the upward pressure or
lifting power of the gas, the downward pressure acting upon a greater area
will overcome the upward pressure and depress the float or gasholder until
the immersion to a certain depth causes an upward pressure equal to the
downward pressure caused by the gas chamber opening the cone valve; and
as this immersion will be greater or less as the inlet pressure increases or
decreases, so will the valve be opened or closed, and the outlet pressure or
flow be increased or decreased. It will be perceived from the above that by
raising the water line a greater inlet pressure will be required to open the
valve, and a less pressure will be given on the outlet of the governor. Thus by
regulating the water line any pressure on the inlet can be reduced to the
pressure required on the outlet; so that when the governor is fixed, water will
have to be run into it until the inlet pressure is reduced on the outlet to the
pressure required at the daytime; the only attention afterwards required will
be keeping the water line to its adjusted level, for when the pressure is
increased at the works it will cause a greater pressure on the inlet of the
governor, which by opening the valve as already described will cause a
corresponding increase on the outlet, and as the pressure is reduced the float
or gasholder will rise, thus reducing the pressure to the point at which it
was adjusted. This governor is chiefly intended to regulate the pressure of
gas in districts where the difference of level between the outlet from the
works and the place supplied with gas causes the pressure to be increased to
an amount which is unnecessary and objectionable on account of leakage.
In constructing these govenors the "air chamber," difference chamber, and
cone will have a relative proportion one to another, according to the size of.
the inlet and outlet pipes.
Such being the nature and object of my said. Invention, I will now proceed
to describe more in detail the manner in which the same is to be or may be
performed or carried into practical effect; and in order that the same may
be distinctly understood I have hereunto annexed a Sheet of Drawings
illustrative thereof, and have marked the same with letters of reference
corresponding with those in the following explanation thereof, similar letters
of reference being placed upon corresponding parts of the apparatus in the
two views or Figures.
Fig. 1 is a cross vertical section of a governor constructed according to my
Invention; Fig 2 is a sectional plan of the same. At a, a, is shewn a. float.

page_text: or gasholder having a difference chamber A, or chamber for the reception of
atmospheric air, the supply and discharge of atmospheric air (as the float
ascends or descends) being obtained by means of a pipe B, the lower end b
of which is open to the atmosphere, the other end of the said pipe terminating
in the difference chamber. At C, C, is shewn a gas chamber, which is supplied
with gas by means of the pipe D, from the inlet D¹. The float or gasholder a
is also supplied from the inlet pipe D¹ (course of entrance shewn by arrows).
At E is shewn an air chamber or sealed compartment for imparting buoyancy.
The action of the conical valve F, and flow of gas by way of the outlet pipe G,
is regulated with great nicety by the aid and use of the difference chamber A,
and gas chamber C, because the inlet pressure is caused (by the pressure
in the gas chamber C) to act on the top of the float a, as well as underneath,
or in the interior of the said float; thus causing a downward pressure from
the gas chamber C, and an upward pressure or lifting power from the gas
in flat a; and on account of a certain area of the underneath surface
of the float or gasholder, namely, the area of the difference chamber being
connected with the atmosphere by means of the pipe B, and therefore not
under the action of the upward pressure or lifting power of the gas, the down-
ward pressure of the gas in the chamber C acting upon a greater area, will
overcome the upward pressure and depress the float or gasholder a in the
water contained in the governor, thus opening the cone valve F until the
immersion to a certain depth of the air chamber E causes an upward
pressure or buoyancy equal to the downward pressure the immersion will
be greater or less as the inlet pressure increases or decreases; so will
the cone valve F be opened or closed, and the outlet flow be increased
or decreased. It will be seen from the above that on the water being
raised a greater inlet pressure will be required to open the cone valve F,
and a less pressure will be given on the outlet of the governor. Thus by
regulating the water line any pressure on the inlet, can be reduced to the
pressure required on the outlet, so that when the governor is fixed and water
run into it (through the pipe K), until the inlet pressure is reduced on the
outlet to the pressure required in the daytime; the only attention afterwards
required is to maintain the water line at its adjusted level, for when the
pressure is increased (at the works) it will cause a greater pressure on the
inlet of the governor, which by opening the valve as already described will
cause a corresponding increase on the outlet, and as the pressure is reduced
(at the works) the float a will be raised, and the orifice of the conical valve F
partially closed, reducing the pressure to the point at which it was adjusted.
At H, II, are shewn guide pulleys, which serve to keep the floating parts of

page_text: the apparatus in proper position. J is the outer casing of the apparatus; K
is a pipe through which the apparatus is supplied with water.
Having thus fully described the nature and particulars of this my said
Invention, together with the manner in which the same is to be or may be
performed or carried into practical effect, I would remark in conclusion that I
do not claim the float or gas chamber a, the conical valve arrangement of the
inlet and outlet pipes, or the pipe through which the apparatus is supplied
with water, nor the guide pullies or air chamber E, as such are old and well
understood; but what I do claim as my Invention is,-
Firstly, the construction of governors or apparatus for regulating and
controlling the pressure and flow of illuminating gas or other gaseous fluids
with a gas chamber and the pipe communicating therewith), over or above
the float as above described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly, the use and employment of the difference chamber and pipe,
connected therewith as above described and illustrated.
Lastly, I claim the general combination and arrangement of the apparatus
as above described and shewn in the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Orlando Brothers, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
Witness,
WALTER BRIERLY,
ORLANDO BROTHERS. (L.B.)
Patent Agent,
Halifax & Blackburn.