Improvements in Resists or Discharges for Use in Printing or Dyeing Cotton, Wool, and other Fabrics with Aniline Black.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Apr., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 12th Dec., 1893-Accepted, 27th Jan., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Resists or Discharges for Use in Printing or
Dyeing Cotton, Wool, and other Fabrics with Aniline Black.
I WILLIAM THOMAS WHITEHEAD of The Dominion Cotton Company, Magog
Branch, Magog, in the Province of Quebec, Canada, Manager do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
I have discovered that cloth may be produced having a pattern or figure on an
aniline-black ground, by printing the pattern or figure on the cloth with a mixture
containing zinc as its essential element.
The mixture will act as a resist when used to print the pattern or figure on the
cloth before its treatment with an aniline-black solution, and it will act as a
discharge when used to print the pattern or figure after treatment of the cloth with
an aniline-black solution.
In either instance a distinct and clear-cut pattern or figure is produced on a
black ground.
The aniline-black solution is applied to the fabric in any desired manner.
Colored patterns may be produced by adding pigments or coal-tar colors, or
extracts of dye-woods to the resist-discharge mixture.
Dated the 11th day of April 1893.
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Resists or Discharges for Use in Printing or
Dyeing Cotton, Wool, and other Fabrics with Aniline Black.
I WILLIAM THOMAS WHITEHEAD of The Dominion Cotton Company, Magog
Branch, Magog in the Province of Quebec, Canada, Manager do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
I have discovered that cloth may be produced having a pattern or figure on an
aniline-black ground, by printing the pattern or figure on the cloth with a mixture
containing-zinc-as-its-essential-element.
The mixture will act as a resist when used to print the pattern or figure on the
cloth before its treatment with an aniline-black solution.
In slop-padding or dyeing aniline-black goods and printing thereon a white or
color discharge, great difficulty has been found in preventing too great an oxidation
of the black, before the printing on of a pattern or figure, over oxidation making
a clear out pattern or figure impossible.
By first printing the cloth in a white or color resist, as hereinafter described,
then slop-padding, blotching, printing or dyeing the goods in the aniline-black
liquor produced by any of the receipts well known to calico printers and dyers,
and suitably drying the cloth, the before mentioned difficulty is overcome, and I
can successfully resist, on the printed parts of the cloth, the action of the aniline-
black color in the operation of slop padding, or solid dyeing, which so far as I am
aware, has heretofore been impossible.

page_text: The aniline black is developed by passing the fabric through an aniline ageing
machine, or by steaming, with or without pressure, and the fabric may then be
soaped, dried and finished in the usual manner.
To form the mixture, if a white pattern is to be produced, I mix six pounds,
more or less of a zinc compound, such as oxide, hydrate or carbonate of zinc or
metallic zinc in a finely divided state to supply zinc which is the essential or
active element of the mixture, one half gallon of water, and one and one half-
gallons of starch paste (one pound of starch per gallon).
The zinc or zinc compound is first thoroughly mixed with the water, and then
the starch paste is added, the latter forming the thickening.
The mixture is then. printed on the fabric to form the pattern, and thereafter
dried, all as is usual and well known, after which the solution of aniline black is
applied as described:
When the operation is completed the parts of the fabric covered by the resist
mixture will be found unaffected by the aniline-black color, the zinc in the mixture
arresting the oxidation of the aniline and preventing its development in the parts
printed or covered with the resist mixture, and the pattern will be clearly and
distinctly defined in a manner impossible to achieve by any of the processes now
known to me.
To use the described mixture as a discharge, to produce white patterns or figurés
on an aniline-black ground, I first print, blotch, slop-pad, or dye the cloth until it
is thoroughly saturated with a solution of aniline-black, dry the cloth sufficiently to
prevent the color from spreading, and then print the pattern thereon in the described
mixture which acts as a discharge.
The aniline black is thereafter developed and finished in the same manner as
herein described when the mixture is used as a resist.
During the process of developing the aniline black color, the portions of the cloth
covered by the discharge mixture throw off the black ground color, and the
finished cloth presents the pattern clearly and sharply defined, without blurring or
clouding.
If the pattern or figure is to be colored, a pigment color, coal-tar color, dye
wood or berry extract is added to the mixture, whether used as a resist or
discharge.
The zinc, which is the essential or active element of the mixture, tends to fasten
or fix the color, but it may be still further fastened by adding albumen to the
mixture in such quantity and proportion as the nature of the particular case
demands.
In using a pigment color four quarts of gum tragacanth solution (three ounces
per gallon) takes the place of the starch paste, as a thickener, in the described
mixture, the thickener and the color being added to the thoroughly mixed zinc or
-zinc compound and water, the quantity of the color depending on the depth of the
desired shade and the nature of the pigment itself.
If ultramarine blue is used, for instance about six pounds thereof is employed.
Producing the colour from a coal-tar color, as for instance saffranine, I take
about six pounds of zinc or zinc compound; one and one-eighth gallons of
water; one and one-half pounds starch, and nine ounces saffranine, mix thoroughly
and boil.
Any coal-tar color having the property of fixing itself to the fabric when used in
combination with zinc or a zinc compound may be employed, such as Bismarck
brown, methyl blue, methyl violet, malachite green, oxyphanine, chrysamine,
etcetera.
I have found in my experiments that most of the so-called basic colors will fix
properly with zinc as the essential or active element of the discharge, but some of
the acid colors, such as soluble blue and violet and acid magenta fail to properly fix
with the oxide and produce good results.
To produce the color from dye wood or berry extract about six pounds of zinc or
a zinc compound is thoroughly mixed with one and one half gallons of water, three

page_text: pints Persian berry extract (forty eight Twaddle) is added thereto, a sufficient
amount of starch to produce a good impression on the cloth, and one pint chrome
acetate, all the ingredients being well mixed.
The quantity of Persian berry extract is varied according to the shade desired.
Extracts of logwood, sapan, fustic, quercitron, bark, etcetera may be used to
produce other colors.
Under the term zinc compound the oxide, hydrate, and carbonate of zinc have
been particularly specified, but the invention is not restricted to their use, for while
oxide of zinc is preferable for general use, any zinc compound, or metallic zinc in a
finely divided state, may be employed with good results.
From the foregoing description it will be seen that the mixture described will act
as a resist when used to print the pattern or figure on the cloth before its treatment
with an aniline-black solution and it will act as a discharge: when used to print the
pattern or figure after treatment of the cloth with an aniline-black solution, in
either instance a distinct and clear-cut pattern or figure being produced on a black
ground.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. The production of a pattern or figure on fabrics contrasting with the ground
thereof by printing the pattern or figure on the fabrics with a suitable zinc
compound as a resist and then applying the solution of aniline-black and
developing and finishing the same all substantially as and for the purpose herein
before set forth.
2. The production of patterns or figures on a fabric contrasting with the ground
thereof, by saturating the fabric with a solution of aniline black and then printing
the pattern or figure on such prepared fabric with a suitable compound of zinc to
act as a discharge and then developing the aniline black and finishing all
substantially as set forth.
-
3. The production of patterns or figures on a fabric with the use of aniline black
and of a suitable zinc compound (of the character herein before set forth) employed
as a resist, or as a discharge, in the manner set forth in Claims 1 and 2 with the
addition thereto of a pigment color, coal-tar color, dye wood or berry extract in
order to give to the pattern or figure itself a color, substantially as set forth.
Dated the 12th day of December 1893.
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.