IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING FAT AND GREASE FROM BONES
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edmund Edwards, of the Firm of Edwards and Co.,
Patent Agents and Engineers, of 40, Southampton Buildings, in the County of
Middlesex, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND
APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING FAT AND GREASE FROM BONES."
A com-
munication from abroad by Emil Pyrkosch, of Ratibor, in the Empire of
Germany.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edmund Edwards at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th October 1881.
EDMUND EDWARDS, of the Firm of Edwards and Co., Patent Agents and
Engineers, of 40, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex.
MENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING FAT AND GREASE
FROM BONES." [A communication from abroad by Emil Pyrkosch, of Ratibor, in
the Empire of Germany.]
"t
IMPROVE-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the method of and apparatus
for extracting fatty and greasy matter from bones by means of benzine, sulphuret
of carbon, or other volatile fluid of the like kind.
The bones from which the greasy or fatty matter is to be extracted are submitted
successively but in the same vessel, to the action of, first, the vapour of benzine,.
sulphuret of carbon, or other volatile solvent fluid of the like kind under pressure;
second, of the same vapour in vacuo; third, of the same fluid itself under pressure ;
and fourth, of the fluid in vacuo.
In order to carry out the Invention, a vessel of sufficiently strong material, such
as iron, and preferably in the form of a vertical cylinder, is taken and is divided
into an upper and lower part by means of a perforated diaphragm or false bottom.
to the centre of which is attached a vertical circulation pipe, the lower end of
which, preferably made of greater diameter, opens into the lower part of the vessel,
whilst its upper end, near the top of the upper part of the latter, is provided with
lateral perforations.

page_text: The bones to be treated are placed in the upper part through an opening which
can be closed by a suitable air-tight door, and in the lower part a coiled pipe is
arranged through which steam can be passed from any suitable boiler, whilst in the
upper part of the other division of the vessel a similar coiled pipe is arranged
through which cold water can be passed from a water tank provided with a
regulating valve. Into the lower part of the vessel a sufficient quantity of benzine,
sulphuret of carbon, or other volatile solvent fluid of the like kind is admitted from
a reservoir through a regulating cock or valve, and is volatilized by the heat of the
steam passing through the pipe below the false bottom.
The vapour forces out the air through a pipe at the upper part of the vessel,
which pipe is then closed by a cock or valve, and the contents of the vessel are
then further heated by means of the steam pipe in the lower part until a pressure,
preferably of about one atmosphere, has been attained.
The bones are allowed to remain for a sufficient time subject to the benzine or
other vapour under such pressure, and the heating by means of the steam pipe is
then gradually decreased, whilst at the same time cold water is passed through the
pipe arranged in the upper part of the vessel as described.
The pressure therefore gradually decreases, and when the heating, by means of
the steam pipe, is finally stopped, a vacuum is created in the vessel. During the
process described the benzine or other vapour condensed by the cold water pipe in
the upper part of the vessel falls back in liquid form upon the bones, and trickles
through them until again volatilized by the heating pipe below, when_the_vapour
re-ascends through-the-central-circulation-pipe, to be again condensed by the cold
water pipe in the upper part of the vessel.
This process of continuous circulation and alternate volatilization and con-
densation of the fluid may be repeated as often as desired by re-heating the
lower steam pipe until the whole of the fatty and greasy matter has been extracted
from the bones,
Any of the fluid remaining in the bones is expelled by means of steam admitted
directly through a pipe provided with a regulating cock or valve into the space
below the false bottom, and it is forced through an upper pipe into a condensing
vessel, whence it passes back to the reservoir for the fluid first already described, at
the bottom of which reservoir a cock or valve is provided by which any condensed
water can be drawn off.
A suitable distilling vessel is arranged into which the fluid containing the fat
and grease in solution is passed froin the lower part of the vessel, and in which the
solvent benzine or other fluid is distilled off, leaving the fat and grease.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Edmund Edwards in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 29th April
1882.
EDMUND EDWARDS, of the Firm of Edwards and Co., Patent Agents and
Engineers, of 40, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING FAT AND GREASE
FROM BONES." A communication from abroad by Emil Pyrkosch, of Ratibor, in
the Empire of Germany.
This Invention has for its object improvements in the method of and apparatus
for extracting fatty and greasy matter from bones by means of benzine, sulphuret
of carbon, or other volatile fluid of the like kind.
The bones from which the greasy or fatty matter is to be extracted are submitted
successively but in the same vessel, to the action of, first, the vapour of benzine,
sulphuret of carbon, or other volatile solvent fluid of the like kind under pressure;
second, of the same vapour in vacuo; third, of the same fluid itself under pressure ;
and fourth, of the fluid in vacuo.
The accompanying Drawing is in illustration of the novel apparatus employed in
carrying out the Invention.
A is a vessel of sufficiently strong material, such as iron, and preferably in the
form of a vertical cylinder, divided into an upper and lower part by means of a
perforated diaphragm or false bottom f, to the centre of which is attached a vertical
circular pipe e, the lower end of which, preferably made of greater diameter, opens
into the lower part of the vessel A, whilst its upper end, near the top of the upper
part of the latter, is provided with lateral perforations. The bones to be treated.
are placed in the upper part through an opening, which can be closed by a suitable
airtight door at the top, as she wn, and in the lower part a coiled pipe g is arranged
through which steam can be passed from any suitable boiler, whilst in the upper
part of the other division of the vessel A a similar coiled pipe a is arranged,
through which cold water can be passed from a water tank B provided with a
regulating cock or valve, as shewn.
Into the lower part of the vessel A a sufficient quantity of benzine, sulphuret of
carbon, or other volatile solvent fluid of the like kind is admitted from a
reservoir D through the regulating cock or valve shewn, and is volatilized by the.
heat of the steam passing through the pipe g below the false bottom f. The vapour
forces out the air through a pipe o at the upper part of the vessel A, which pipe is
then closed by a cock or valve, and the contents of the vessel A are then further
heated by means of the steam pipe g in the lower part, until a pressure, preferably
of about one atmosphere, has been attained.
The bones are allowed to remain for a sufficient time subject to the benzine or
other vapour under such pressure, and the heating by means of the steam pipe y is
then gradually decreased, whilst at the same time cold water from the tank B is
passed through the pipe a arranged in the upper part of the vessel, as described
and shewn.
The pressure therefore gradually decreases, and when the heating by means of
the steam pipe g is finally stopped a vacuum is created in the vessel A.
During the process described the benzine or other vapour condensed by the cold
water pipe a in the upper part of the vessel falls back in liquid form upon the
bones, and trickles through them until again volatilized by the beating pipe g
below, when the vapour reascends through the central circulation pipe e, to
be again condensed by the cold water pipe a in the upper part of the vessel A.

page_text: This process of continuous circulation and alternate volatilization and con-
densation of the fluid may be repeated as often as desired by relicating the
lower steam pipe g until the whole of the fatty and greasy matter has been extructed
from the bones.
Any of the fluid remaining in the bones is expelled by means of steam admitted
directly through the pipe h, which is provided with a regulating cock or valve, as
shewn, into the space below the false bottom f, and it is forced through an upper
pipe into a condensing vessel C, whence it passes back to the reservoir D for the
fluid first already described, at the bottom of which reservoir a cock or valve m
is provided, by which any condensed water can be drawn off.
A suitable distilling vessel E is arranged into which the fluid containing the fat
and grease in solution is passed from the lower part of the vessel A, and in which
the solvent benzine or other fluid is distilled off, leaving the fat and grease.
Having now described the Invention and the manner in which it is to be
performed,
I claim, the method, substantially as described, of extracting fat and grease from
bones by exposing such bones successively, but in the same vessel, first to the vapour
of benzine or other equivalent volatile solvent under pressure; second, to the same
vapour more or less in vacuo; third, to the same fluid, itself under pressure; and
fourth, to the same fluid itself more or less in vacuo.
Also the apparatus for the purpose of so extracting fat and grease from bones,
consisting of the receiving vessel divided by a perforated diaphragm in combination
with the vertical circulating pipe, the lower heating pipe, and the upper cooling
-pipe,-all-arranged-and-operating substantially_as_and_for_the_purposes described
and shewn in the Drawing.
Also in combination with such receiving vessel, perforated diaphragm, and heating
and cooling pipes, the condensing vessel and reservoir with regulating cocks or
valves, arranged and operated substantially as described and shewn in the
Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edmund Edwards, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this 29th day of April, in the year of our Lord 1882.
BAI ATA