matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR AUTOMATICALLY OPERATING LADIES' FANS AND OTHER LIKE INSTRUMENTS FOR AGITATING THE AIR
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest Watson and Charles Piene
Newton Weatherby at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th
July 1876.
ERNEST WATSON and CHARLES PIERRE NEWTON WEATHERBY, both of 3, New-
man's Court, Cornhill, in the City of London. "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
AUTOMATICALLY OPERATING LADIES' FANS AND OTHER LIKE INSTRUMENTS FOR
AGITATING THE AIR."
Our said Invention relates to a handle or holder provided with motor apparatus
for operating ladies' fans and other similar air-agitating apparatus or instruments.
The main object of the said Invention is to provide the means for automatically
operating a fan so that a lady or other person using the same may produce the
agitation of the air without the exertion necessary in using ordinary fans, which
exertion counteracts to a great extent the cooling action of the fan.
The said Invention is carried into practise by the combination with the said
handle or holder of a spring motor apparatus which is provided with a clamp or
socket for the reception of an ordinary fan, such as ladies use, and so connected with
the said fan and with regulating or controlling devices that ladies or other persons
using the same may set it in motion and fan themselves without any exertion, and
may so regulate the fan's action as to produce more or less agitation of the air as
desired.
This improved holder fitted with its motor apparatus may be carried conveniently
in the pocket or otherwise, and any ordinary fan or similar instrument may be
placed therein.
We prefer that the said spring should be inclosed in the said handle or holder,
and so arranged as to exert its pressure endwise upon a pinion, or a cord or chain.
connected with the clamp or part to which the fan is attached through mechanisın
which as the spring closes imparts a vibratory or rotatory motion to the said fan;
or we may use a coil spring or springs fitted in a recess or socket at the end of the
said fan or holder. And we provide the said handle or holder with a knob or
button fitted with a stop or catch, so arranged in combination with the said
mechanism that by simply pressing or otherwise adjusting the same the fan is set
in motion, or stopped, or made to move faster or slower as required.
CD 017

page_text: We provide the said handle or holder with means whereby it may be clamped or
secured upon a chair, table, or other support so that the fan may be supported in a
convenient position in a room, or railway or other carriage, or on a bed, or other-
wise, and used without being held in the hand, if desired.
The said holder or handle may be made of wood, or metal, or other suitable
material, and may be ornamented or decorated in any style or manner.
BELLOWS FOR DOMESTIC PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Wimpenny at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th April 1876.
THOMAS WIMPENNY, of Leeds, in the County of York.
BELLOWS FOR DOMESTIC PURPOSES."
"AN IMPROVED FAN OR
This Invention consists principally of a revolving fan mounted on a vertical axis,
within a drun or cylinder (furnished with a tapered nozzle), and caused to revolve
rapidly by means of a hand wheel, the periphery of which runs in contact with a
small india-rubber friction bowl fixed on the axis of the fan.
The axis of the fan runs in a footstep at the lower end, and upon a pointed set
screw at the top. Central holes for the admission of the air are made in the top
and bottom of the drum. Outside the drum at one side is a handle by means of
which it is held or supported, and on the opposite side or front is a conical nozzle
opposite to the centre and at right angles to the axial line of the fan.
The vanes or blades of the latter are fixed in a radial direction and not tan-
gentially as usual. The central stud of the hand wheel is carried by a moveable
bracket, so that its position may be adjusted so as to give more or less pressure on
the india-rubber friction bowl.
The Invention is intended to be used instead of ordinary bellows for domestic
purposes, but it will be evident that it is equally applicable for any other purpose
where it is desirable to produce a continuous current of air by hand labour.
A NEW OR IMPROVED SOFT SOAP
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Laing, junior, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd December 1876.
WILLIAM LAING, junior, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain.
"A NEW OR IMPROVED SOFT SOAP."
This Invention relates to a new or improved combination of materials for the
production of what is ordinarily known in the trade as soft soap, which for purity,
whiteness, and, cleansing propertics is much superior to any soap of this class
hitherto manufactured, at the same time it is less costly.
And the nature and the novelty of the Invention consist in compounding or
mixing together what is known in the trade asas firsts or seconds, or yellow or white
soaps, soda crystals or cominon washing soda and limo water, by preference, in the
following proportions, namely about:-One pound of the soap, one pound of the
soda, and one gallon of the lime water. These may be thoroughly mixed or
incorporated in any of the modes ordinarily practised for nixing such compounds,
as, for instance, by bringing the mixture to the boiling point in ordinary soap
boilers, keeping it well stirred, and then pouring it into any convenient receptacles
or receivers for cooling and further subdivision into the necessary quantities for the
market. This soap compound will be found to possess many advantages, as a
washing and cleansing agent, over those heretofore in use, while the process of
manufacture is more simple and economical:
A NEW OR IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, QUARRIES, AND TILES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Johnson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th July 1876.
THOMAS JOHNSON, of Dudley, in the County of Worcester, Metal Broker. "A
NEW OR IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, QUARRIES, AND TILES."
My said Invention consists in manufacturing bricks, quarries, and tiles of the
material or mixture of materials and by the process herein-after described.
The material which I employ, either alone or mixed with a small quantity of
sand, is the argillaceous shale, commonly called by miners white stone dirt. The said
argillaceous shale is obtained in large quantity in mining for iron ore of the kind
found in South Staffordshire and in mining for similar iron ore in other localities. The
said iron ore and argillaceous shale are found associated in alternating layers. The
iron ore is separated from the shale in the pit, the ore being first raised, and the
said shale being left to accumulate in the pit. From time to time the said argil-
laceous shale is raised from the pit, and is accumulated in mounds in the neighbour-
hood of the pit's mouth, and constitutes a refuse or waste material which has not
hitherto been utilized. I reduce the said argillaceous shale or white stone dirt to
powder in an ordinary grinding mill, and after having sieved it to separate the
imperfectly ground portions I pass it either alone or mixed with a small quantity
of sand into a brick, quarry, or tile making machine, when it is pressed into bricks,
quarries, or tiles. The material is used in a dry state, the pressure applied causing the
particles of the powdered material to cohere without admixture with water. The
bricks, quarries, or tiles are taken direct from the machine, and stacked or placed
in a kiln to be fired or burnt without any preliminary drying, such as is required
in the case of bricks, quarries, and tiles made with moist, plastic, tempered clay.
The burning or firing of the bricks, quarries, or tiles made according to my
Invention is effected in the ordinary way, excepting that they do not require to be
so strongly heated, nor do they require so long an exposure to heat as bricks,
quarries, and tiles made from clay in the ordinary way.
Bricks, quarries, and tiles made according to my Invention are of excellent
quality; they are dense and strong; they do not warp or crack in burning or
firing, and they are of an agreeable dark red color, and are made at less cost than
bricks, quarries, and tiles of the ordinary manufacture.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING AND HARDENING Wood OR TIMBER
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Morgan-Brown at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th March 1876. A communication
from abroad by Hector Sainsbury, of 13, Rue Gaillon, Paris.
WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN, of the Firm of Brandon and Morgan-Brown, Engineers
and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton Buildings, London, and 13, Rue Gaillon,
Paris. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING AND HARDENING Wood OR TIMBER."
My improvements in saturating wood or timber consists in saturating the same
with a liquid solution composed of the following ingredients:- In the relative
approximate proportions of water, one thousand litres; alum, sixteen kilogramines;
sulphate of copper, sixteen kilogramines; bromide of sodium, one kilogramme; and
iodide of sodium, one kilogramme.
For the purpose of my Invention I prefer placing the timber or wood to be
treated in a close vessel from which I draw off all the air, and in which I imme-
diately inject the above-mentioned liquid with a pressure varying froin fifteen to one
hundred and fifty pounds to the inch. Wood thus injected not only aquires
hereby a considerable degree of hardness whereby it is better fitted to resist wear
and tear, friction, exposure to the atmosphere, and deteriorating causes, but it is also
rendered completely incombustible.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER OR WHEEL SKATES, AND IN THE ROLLERS OR WHEELS USED THEREWITH, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Miller Maclean at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th March 1876.
CHARLES MILLER MACLEAN, of 112, Earls Court Road, South Kensington, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman. IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER OR WHEEL SKATES,
AND IN THE ROLLERS OR WHEELS USED THEREWITH, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES."
The first part of my Invention consists in having an axis which may be either
adjustably or permanently fixed by any convenient means to the stock or footstand
of the skate, the centre of such axis being of a greater diameter than the ends, and
such centre I prefer to make in the form of a ball, and upon which iny said rollers
or wheels are made to work or turn.
The second part of my Invention relates to the rollers or wheels, and consists in
making the said rollers or wheels in the shape or form of a cone, and the inside or
base of the said rollers or wheels is hollowed or cupped out so as to fit upon the said
ball of the axis, and when the said rollers or wheels are fitted upon the said axis the
ball of such axis is enclosed in the hollowed or cupped part of the base or inside of the
said rollers or wheels; by the use of my improved rollers or wheels working or turning
upon the said axis the curvilinier motion so neccessary in skating is obtained by the
notion of the body of the skater.
The third part of my Invention consists in applying my improved rollers or
wheels, working in combination with the said axis, to the wheels of carriages or
other vehicles and to other like purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DEVICES FOR CLOSING AND FASTENING ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL, PARTLY APPLLICABE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th March 1876. A communication
from abroad by Salomon Wallerstein and Julius Meyer, of the Firm of
S. Wallerstein and Sohn, of Vienna, Austria.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DEVICES FOR CLOSING
AND FASTENING ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL, PARTLY APPLLICABE TO OTHER
PURPOSES." A communication.
These improvements relate to devices for fastening and closing wearing apparel,
more especially boots and shoes, and they are also partly applicable to other
purposes.
The accompanying Drawing illustrates some suitable forms of construction of
these improvements.
As regards the fastenings constructed according to this Invention they consist of
small tubes (see Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4) arranged along the opposite edges of the
article that has to be fastened, and through which tubes a cord is passed, as shewn
in Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, and 12. When this cord is non-clastic it has to be
tightened for the purpose of drawing together the edges of the article on which the
tubes are arranged, and has to be loosened for bringing the edges as under. When
the cord is elastic its natural tension will hold the edges together, and only permit
of their being pulled asunder by a force stronger than this tension. These tubes
can be made of metal or other material, and covered or not covered with cloth,
leather, or other material; but by preference the tubes are made of wire twisted
together to the form and cross section desired. The cord can be of any suitable
material.
As regards the arrangement for closing boots and shoes against water, dust,
snow, and the like, and as a protection against cold, it consists of two waterproof
flaps, see Figures 9 and 10, sown together and to the two edges of the slit in the
boot or shoe; thus closing up the slit so as to render it impervious, and so that the
flaps are folded over each other when the boot is closed, and more or less drawn
asunder when the boot is opened.
MENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO BICYCLES AND OTHER VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1876

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection only.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Anthony Shelmerdine at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th May 1876.
ANTHONY SHELMERDINE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
MENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO BICYCLES AND OTHER VELOCIPEDES."
"IMPROVE-
The object of my Invention is to increase the speed of the driving wheels of
bicycles and other velocipedes without increasing the speed of the driving cranks.
I will explain my Invention as applied to bicycles, but it will be evident that.
the same arrangement can be applied to other velocipedes. At the bottom of and
on cach side of the fork that carries the driving wheel I forge or otherwise attach
brackets, the centres of which extend some distance behind the centre of the axle
of the driving wheel On the driving wheel, on each side of the nave thereof, I
form or attach a V or grooved pulley or a friction wheel, and on the ends of the
brackets I mount V or grooved pulleys or friction wheels of larger diameter than
the pulleys or wheels on the nave of the driving wheel. The pulleys or wheels are
respectively connected by suitable cords, belts, straps, or chains of leather, catgut,
or metal. When friction wheels are used, they are brought sufficiently close to
gear into each other.
Instead of fixing the driving cranks on the axle of the driving wheel, I fix such
driving cranks on the axles of the pulleys or wheels which are carried on the
brackets. These pulleys or wheels being of greater diameter than the pulleys or
wheels on the nave of the driving wheel to which they are connected the result is
that for every stroke of the cranks an increased speed is imparted to the driving
wheel, such speed being increased according to the relative proportions of the
pulleys or wheels.
.
The advantages of my Invention are that the speed of bicycles or other velocipedes
can be greatly increased without additional labour to the driver, also the position of
the cranks can be such that a pair of short legs can drive a large diameter of wheel.
My Invention is capable of being applied to new or existing bicycles or
velocipedes.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR WEIGHING AND TILTING THE COALS, AFTER THEY HAVE BEEN PROPERLY SCREENED AND CLEANED AT THE PIT, READY FOR THE MARKET
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henderson Gibson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th November 1876.
HENDERSON GIBSON, of Pegswood, near Morpeth, in the County of Northumber-
land, Colliery Manager. "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR WEIGHING AND TILTING
THE COALS, AFTER THEY HAVE BEEN PROPERLY SCREENED AND CLEANED AT THE PIT,
READY FOR THE MARKET."
The object of my Invention is to weigh the round coals or coals that have been
properly cleaned and screened before tipping them into a waggon or heaping them
ready for the market.
Hitherto the screened or small coal only has been weighed, and that weight de-
ducted from the gross weight, the difference being considered to be the weight of
the round coals; this method is liable to lead to fraud and disputes, to remedy which
I would have a tray suspended from a Salter's balance, and so placed at the bottom
of the shoot or spout as to receive the round coals falling down the shoot from the
tub. To steady the tray and to prevent it coming into use as a scale before re-
quired, that side next the shoot is secured thereto by a hook called a gab, which is
released when the contents of the tray is to be weighed; the release of the gab
hook throws the whole weight of the tray and its contents upon the aforesaid
balance, and the weight of the same indicated to the attendant by the position of
the index hand and noted down by him; this being done the attendant again
secures the tray by means of the gab, and at the same time releases a weighted lever
working on a fixed fulcrum; to the outer arm of this lever is attached the before-
mentioned Salter's balance with the tray depending therefrom, consequently when
the lever is released the tray is left unsupported except by the gab on which it
turns as a hinge, and tilts or tips the coals into a waggon placed beneath, or into a
heap for the market.
When the tray is freed from the coals the weighted arm of the said lever at once
exercises its power and returns the tray to its former position, which position is
secured by any suitable means and under the control of the attendant. This being
done the apparatus is again ready for use.
TMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TURNSTILES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Le Grand at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd May 1876.
ALFRED LE GRAND, of the Magdala Works, 100, Bunhill Row, in the City of
London. "TMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TURNSTILES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of turnstiles.
I construct turnstiles with a base consisting of a light open semicircular frame of cast
iron, and a top consisting of a light open semicircular frame of cast iron covered by
a plate of metal or table of wood secured thereto by screws. The base and top I
connect together with a series of tubular wrought-iron uprights, which enter holes in
the base and top plate or table and are secured by means of nuts screwed on to the
uprights, or the holes in the top frame or table may be tapped and the uprights
screwed into them. If desired to render the structure ornamental tubes of lacquered
brass or other metal, with or without design, may be slipped over the iron tubes
before the parts aro screwed together. The arms of the turnstile are made of a
peculiar outline broad at their outer ends to prevent inore effectually two persons
passing through one division, and at the same time leaving a perfectly free passage.
The upper and lower arms are connected together by tubular stays receiving screw
nuts after the same manner as the body of the turnstile itself. One pair of arins
can be easily removed for facility of carriage. The axle or spindle carrying the
arm is also tubular with both extremities made solid.
The locking wheel carried by the axis has radial notches for the treadle lever to
engage, so that the turnstile may without shifting this wheel or the removal of the
spindle, and only changing the counting mechanism and reversing the ratchet
wheel, work equally well in either direction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF MILK FOR USE AS FOOD
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edwin Piper at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd May 1876.
JOHN EDWIN PIPER, of No. 28, Harloyford Road, Vauxhall, in the County of
Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF MILK FOR USE AS FOOD."
My Invention relates to the preparation of milk in a pulverulent form, which can
be preserved to be used by itself, or can be mixed with farinaceous matter forming a
mixture which can be kept dry to be used for food when required.
For the purpose of preparing the milk powder I dry in pans by the heat of steam
or hot water the condensed milk of commerce until it becomes a crystalline cake
or mass, which I grind or pound to a fine powder. When condensed milk cannot be
readily procured I mix milk with sugar and evaporate the mixture in vacuum pans
until it attains the condition of condensed milk, which I dry and reduce to powder
as above described.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF PREVENTING WHAT IS KNOWN AS PRIMING IN STEAM BOILERS, AND ALSO PREVENTING THE INTERIOR OF SUCH BOILERS FROM BECOMING INCRUSTED WITH THE SALINE AND EARTHY PARTS OF THE WATER USED TO GENERATE STEAM THEREIN."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Major at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th June 1876.
WILLIAM MAJOR, of Copenhagen, in the Kingdom of Denmark, Engineer.
"AN IMPROVED MODE OF PREVENTING WHAT IS KNOWN AS PRIMING IN STEAM
BOILERS, AND ALSO PREVENTING THE INTERIOR OF SUCH BOILERS FROM BECOMING
INCRUSTED WITH THE SALINE AND EARTHY PARTS OF THE WATER USED TO
GENERATE STEAM THEREIN."
By the introduction into steam boilers of a small quantity of petroleum, or other
similar mineral oil, the said oil being mixed with the water used to generate steam.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GRINDING WIRE CARDS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Walton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st September 1876.
WILLIAM WALTON, of Denton, in the County of Lancaster, Card Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GRINDING WIRE CARDS."
My improved apparatus
or rollers of carding engines.
applicable for grinding the card clothing on the drums
It is well known to cotton spinners that the success of the spinning depends to a
great extent upon the quality of the carding, and the quality of the carding depends
upon the means employed for grinding and sharpening the teeth of the wire cards
when dull or worn.
My improved apparatus for grinding wire cards is so constructed that the wire
cards shall at all times be ground perfectly parallel with the surface of the drum or
roller on which they are fixed.
The apparatus consists of a segment at each side of the carding engines and
placed eccentric to the drum or roller to be ground, the amount of eccentricity being
equal to the whole wear of the wire cards. To each segment are fixed eight or
other convenient number of screwed studs, and the strickle or other grinding surface
is held in position by these studs or other appliances in succession. The strickle
is held down by nuts, and similar nuts are placed on the adjacent studs to press
against the edge of the strickle and to bring the grinding surface gradually down
on the points of the wire cards, the strickle moving on the pairs of studs as fulcra.
As soon as the wire cards have been ground down to the extent due to the eccentric
line between the first and second studs the strickle is moved from the first to the
second studs, and when the grinding has been continued again until the strickle
has acted on the wires to the further extent the strickle is moved to the third studs,
and so the operations proceed until the wire cards are reduced to the greatest extent
at which they can be profitably worked.
AN IMPROVED ROLLER SKATE
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Claudo Aristide Spartacus Duché at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th May 1876.
CLAUDE ARISTIDE SPARTACUS DUCHÉ, of Russell Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Merchant. "AN IMPROVED ROLLER SKATE."
This Invention relates to an improved construction of roller skate, applicable for
skating on rinks or floors made of wood, cement, asphalte, or other composition.
According to this Invention it is proposed to make the body or foot board of the
skate of wood or metal or of other suitable material, and in something like the
shape of the body of an ordinary ice skate.
The forward or backward motion or movement of this roller skate is to be given
by the employment of one or more wheels (made of wood, metal, or other suitable
substance) which will be let into the body or foot board of the skate under the
middle part of the foot, the proper balance of the foot will be preserved or attained
by the action, or by means of a ball and socket being fitted at the toe end of
the skate, and another at the heel end; the ball is intended to be made of metal,
glass, or other suitable material, and the socket of metal, and to be lubricated by a
dry powder lubricant. The object of the application and use of these balls and
sockets is to enable the skater to turn as desired while progressing forward
or backward. The above-mentioned wheel or wheels will be so constructed
and arranged that the foot of the skater will rest or bear on it or them, the ball
and socket at each end being on a slightly less level, and thus serving principally to
effectually balance the foot. The resting surface of the wheel will be rounded so
that in turning the foot or ankle the same distance from the floor will be kept
between the ball and socket.
At the back of the skate or behind the heel ball and socket will be provided
a piece of vulcanized india-rubber, prepared or much mixed with baryta or sand to
servo as a break friction surface enabling the skater by slightly pressing down on
the heel and turning up the toe to speedily stop his progress, or this break friction
surface may be made of wood, or leather, or of other suitable material.
AN IMPROVED SPHERIC CASTER
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emilie Sergent and Maurice Valken-
huizen at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd February
1876.
EMILIE SERGENT and MAURICE VALKENHUIZEN, both of No. 10, Rue de la
Fidélité, Paris, in the Republic of France. "AN IMPROVED SPHERIC CASTER."
This Invention consists in the construction of an improved ball caster for
furniture and other articles where casters are usually employed.
The improved caster is constructed of a ball or sphere enclosed within a socket or
casing from which it only slightly projects, the upper part of the ball bears against
a small steel pin or axis having a flat head; this pin passes through a lense shaped
piece of metal or bob, having a diameter slightly less than the socket or casing in
which it is placed; the upper end of the pin bears against a steel disc forming the
bottom of the socket or casing, or placed against the bottom thereof.
The improved caster is attached to the feet or legs of furniture and other articles
in the usual manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION of FRAMES FOR UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edward Wadsworth, James
Wadsworth, and Oliver Gaggs at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents
on the 11th November 1876.
JOHN EDWARD WADSWORTH, JAMES WADSWORTH, and OLIVER GAGGS, of Man-
chester, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION of
FRAMES FOR UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS."
This Invention has reference to the ribs or stretchers of umbrellas, and is designed
so that in case a rib breaks it can be taken out and replaced easily by the owner
without having recourse to scilled labour.
Through the ends of the ribs both top and bottom we pass a small wire, which is
securely soldered in its place. The rib holder and rib runner are formed in two
parts, with slots in them to receive the said piece of wire attached to the end of the
ribs; and the said wires being inserted one in each of the slots, the two parts are
brought together and fastened by a lock nut, thus securely keeping the ribs in their
places.
If a rib breaks it is only necessary to loosen the lock nut, when the rib or runner
holder will open, and enable any one to remove the broken part and replace it with
a new one.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRAWING AND FORCING LIQUIDS, WHICH APPARATUS IS APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Goodwin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th December 1876.
ALFRED GOODWIN, of 42, Great Guildford Street, Southwark, in the County of
Surrey, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRAWING AND FORCING
LIQUIDS, WHICH APPARATUS IS APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER PURPOSES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for drawing and
forcing liquids, which apparatus is applicable also to other purposes; such apparatus
may be used for drawing and forcing air or gas, for blowing, for measuring, or as
a motor.
The apparatus is of that class in which fluid flows through flexible tubes sub-
jected to compression by rolling bodies. Within a case or frame, whose interior is
in the form of a circle or part of a circle, I arrange a flexible tube (or more than one
may be used), open at both ends, and in communication at one end with the
reservoir or supply of liquid or gas, or with the air when used as a blower.
A shaft or axis concentric with the case or frame is furnished with an axle or a
pin eccentric to the said shaft or axis, which axle or pin carries a wheel or roller;
as the shaft rotates the wheel or roller is caused to roll over the flexible tube or
tubes and compress it or them against the inner surface of the case or frame, thus
forcing out or forward the fluid in front of the wheel or roller, and allowing a fresh
supply to enter the tube or tubes behind the wheel or roller.
Instead of using one wheel or roller only I sometimes employ two or more. The
flexible tubing above mentioned may be of canvas, india-rubber, steel, or other
substance, or in lieu of such tubing the case or frame may be formed with a channel
covered in by a resilient or flexible diaphragm to receive the pressure of the
periphery or peripheries of the wheel or roller or wheels or rollers.
The apparatus may be driven by the pressure of the fluid within the flexible
tube or tubes or channel, thus constituting a motor, or the shaft or axis may be
driven from an independent engine or other source of power.
For measuring purposes I connect with the shaft or axis in the usual way
suitable recording mechanism, which may be of .ordinary construction.

page_text: For ships' purposes I sometimes avail myself of the motion of the vessel to cause
a wheel or roller, or wheels or rollers, to travel over a flexible tube or tubes, which
I arrange transversely of the vessel in conjunction with a track or guide, or tracks
or guides, for the wheel or wheels, or roller or rollers; thus I dispense with the frame
and shaft or axis.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DRAW GEAR OR TRACTION APPARATUS AND BUFFING ARRANGEMENTS OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND OTHER SIMILAR VEHICLES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Blackwell Hansell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st February 1876.
ROBERT BLACKWELL HANSELL, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Railway
Spring Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DRAW GEAR OR TRACTION
APPARATUS AND BUFFING ARRANGEMENTS OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND OTHER
SIMILAR VEHICLES."
My Invention relates to an improved arrangement of draw bars and springs,
whereby the effects of the shock at starting and the strain in drawing (which is
generally borne by the timbers or framework of railway carriages or wagons) is
communicated through the series of draw bars and springs of the carriages or wagons
composing the train, also to a modification of the arrangement by which a buffing
apparatus is obtained.
"
According to one mode of carrying out my Invention I make the ends of the
draw bar (with the hooks) of sufficient length to reach to within a short distance of
the centre of the carriage or wagon between which the spring or springs (by
preference made of steel and of an eliptic" shape) are secured in a horizontal
position by a double hoop, one part of the hoop being keyed or otherwise secured to
one inner end of the draw bar, and the other part to the other inner end of the draw
bar, whilst the two parts work one inside the other. The position of the springs as
also their shape, the material of which they are composed and their number may be
varied whilst retaining the general features of the arrangement as described.
By a slight modification of the above arrangement of springs and by attaching
the draw bar to a central buffer plunger, or to a cross bar connecting two outside
buffer plungers, I obtain an efficient buffing apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROAD CARRIAGES TO BE WORKED BY MANUAL LABOUR
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Le Neve Martins at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th May 1876.
CHARLES LE NEVE MARTINS, of 62, Mayton Street, Holloway, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROAD CARRIAGES TO BE WORKED BY MANUAL
LABOUR."
This Invention has for its object improvements in road carriages to be worked
by manual labour.
For this purpose I arrange the body of the carriage on three wheels, one in
front and the others one on either side towards the rear of the carriage.
These latter wheels are both on the same axis, which also has upon it a pulley
receiving a driving band or cord. The band or cord also passes around a pulley
fixed upon a horizontal shaft mounted in bearings tranversely across the lower
part of the body of the carriage. There is a spur wheel on this shaft, and it
gears with another larger wheel on an intermediate axis, and this again gears with
a third toothed wheel of yet larger size. The axis of this last wheel of the train
is turned by a crank handle operated by the rider, who sits on a scat at the back
of the carriage. The front wheel is mounted on a stud carried by an upright
spindle, and by its means the carriage is steered. The spindle has a yoke or cross
bar fixed on its upper end, from which cords pass to the feet of the rider, who thus
is enabled to guide the carriage without the aid of his hands, which are occupied in
driving the machine. The carriage is provided with additional seats, so that several
persons may be carried or loads may be conveyed by means of this carriage from place
to place.
AN IMPROVED MATERIAL FOR USE AS A CARPET LINING AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Ivimy at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 1st September 1876. A communication from
abroad by Oliver Long, of Brooklyn, in the State of New York, United States
of America.
JOHN IVIMY, of Withdean House, Patcham, in the County of Sussex. "AN
IMPROVED MATERIAL FOR USE AS A CARPET LINING AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
A communication from abroad by Oliver Long, of Brooklyn, in the State of New
York, United States of America.
This Invention has for its object an improved material for use as a carpet lining
and for other purposes, among which may be named the packing of bottles.
The improved material is formed by the combination of a surface coating of
granulated or finely divided (but not powdered) cork with a backing of paper or
card, to which the said cork 18 secured by an adhesive substance.
IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF KEY FOR TUNING PIANOFORTES AND OTHER STRINGED INSTRUMENTS."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Frederick Mills at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th August 1876.
<< AN
ALEXANDER FREDERICK MILLS, of Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex.
IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF KEY FOR TUNING PIANOFORTES AND OTHER STRINGED
INSTRUMENTS."
This Invention has for its object to simplify the operation of tuning pianofortes
and other stringed instruments, and to enable ladies and others who have not the
necessary strength of hand or wrist to use the ordinary key to tune their own
instruments.
The improved key is more especially useful to those persons who live at some
distance from any town, or where it is difficult to obtain the services of a pro-
fessional tuner.
The Invention consists in applying to the barrel of the key an arrangement of
gearing, whereby the pins to which the strings of the instrument are attached may
be turned with ease, and to the greatest nicety.
In carrying out the Invention the key barrel, which is made of steel as usual, is
formed with a square head, from which a stem projects for the purpose of supporting
and holding together the various parts of the key. The square head takes into a
collar or socket, cast with or firmly secured to a plate, which is bored to allow of
the stem passing through, and which is also attached to an internally toothed ring
by bolts or rivets. The stem is surrounded by a sleeve shaft, which rests on the
socket plate, and to this shaft is keyed at its lower end a small pinion, which
takes into spur wheels mounted on studs carried by and on the under side of a
second plate, which is loose on the sleeve shaft. The spur wheels are arranged so
as to take into the teeth of the ring, and the upper end of the sleeve shaft may be
threaded or otherwise prepared to receive a winged nut or other device, by which
motion may be communicated to the sleeve shaft, and thence through its pinion
and the spur wheels to the ring and socket plate, and with them to the key barrel.
In order to prevent the second or stud plate from turning it is connected by a
bolt or otherwise to a handle, which is also mounted loosely on the sleeve shaft.

page_text: The upper end of the stem is threaded to receive a nut, whereby all the parts are
held together.
When using the key the barrel is placed on the pin, and the handle is held firmly
in the hand; the winged nut or other device is then turned by the thumb and
finger, and thus motion will be communicated with great ease through the gearing 5
to the key barrel, and consequently to the pin to which the string is attached.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Jennings at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th November 1876.
<<
HENRY JENNINGS, of the City of Coventry, Boot and Shoe Manufacturer. IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES."
My Invention has reference to the manufacture of such boots and shoes as have
wooden soles and heels; and consists of the improvements herein-after described in
manufacturing the same.
I make the sole, heel; and waist of the boot or shoe either of one piece of wood,
or I make the sole and heel of separate pieces of wood and connect them by a waist
or connecting piece. The said waist. or connecting piece may either be made of
leather or it may be the spring waist sometimes used in the manufacture of boots
and shoes having leather soles and heels.
I shape the upper side of the sole and heel so as to make them fit the iron or
wooden last on which the boot or shoe is to be made, and I connect the upper
leather to the sole and heel either by means of an insole and a welt of the ordinary
kind or by means of an insole and a middle sole. The sole and heel may be
attached either by sewing, or by rivetting, or by screwing.
When I employ rivetting I prefer to drive the rivets for fastening on the heel
from the inside of the boot or shoe, but I do not limit myself thereto.
When the upper leather is connected by rivetting or sewing the welt or middle
sole may be dispensed with.
When I employ a leather waist to join or connect the sole and heel formed of
separate pieces of wood I prefer to extend the heel part of the waist so as to make
it cover the upper part of the wooden heel and thus form a layer of leather between
the said heel and the upper leather. The front part of the waist is made to engage
in a recess in the wooden sole made for its reception, and the wooden sole and the
waist are connected by being rivetted, or screwed, or sewn together.
The shaping of the sole and heel is most conveniently effected by a band saw
worked by steam or hand power, and the hollowing out of the upper surface of the
sole and heel may be effected either by gouging tools or by a rotating cutter.
--
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO, AND IN THE APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Pemberton and John William
Gibson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th April 1876.
FREDERIC PEMBERTON and JOHN WILLIAM GIBSON, both of Dundalk, in the
County of Louth, Ireland. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO,
AND IN THE APPARATUS THEREFOR."
This Invention relates to apparatus for heating and pressing tobacco, and consists
of a table or sets of tables on which steam chambers are either placed or cast,
these are surrounded by cylinders containing the tobacco, above which again
are steam chambers, both the steam chambers and cylinders being superposed in
tiers, more or less in number.
The tobacco is pressed by a central screw always kept in tension, so that the
greater the strain the straighter it is maintained; this screw acts on a pressure
block or follower above the table, the screw being either fixed or having a ball
and socket joint so as to adjust itself to the varying thickness of the material to
be pressed.
Steam is admitted to the chambers through a central circular steam pipe com-
municating with the chambers by aid of elastic tubing and hinged or sliding
joints.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ICE AND RINK SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nathaniel Marshall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th March 1876.
NATHANIEL MARSHALL, of the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham,
Machinist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ICE AND RINK SKATES."
I employ several modifications of skates for skates to be used upon rinks or roads ;
the stock or foot plate if of wood has projecting pieces secured to the under side, or
if of metal the said pieces may form part of the plate. These pieces are hinged to
a plate lying at right angles to the first plate. The second plate carries two vertical
axles, upon which the runner axles rock. There are projections upon the rummer
axles, which are pressed upon by other projections or cam plates secured to or
forming part of the stock or foot plate. There are two or more springs secured to
the axle bearing plate, so as to bear upon the stock or foot plate, or the springs may
be secured to the stock or foot plate, and bear upon the axle carrying plate, or
springs may be secured to the runner axle bearings, and be operated by pins, pro-
jections, or cam plates on the stock or foot plate. And for skates used upon ice I
employ either of the above-described modifications, but the runners or sliding
plates are set at any fixed angle to the stock or foot plate, so as to suit various
users.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM CRANES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William McArthur at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th January 1870.
WILLIAM M ARTHUR, of Johnstone, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM CRANES."
This Invention has for its object to do away with the inconvenience and dis-
advantage caused by condensation of steam when the communicating pipes of steam
cranes are made as heretofore, either with the steam from the boiler entering
at the top pivot and the exhaust steam passing off at the bottom pivot, or vice
versû.
The Invention consists in making provision at the bottom pivot of the crane
both for the entrance of the fresh steam and for the exit of the exhaust steam, so
that water due to condensation may run downwards in both passages into the pipes
in the foundation, and thus leave the passages of the crane itself always as clear as
possible of water.
In carrying out the Invention according to a simple modification the bottom step
or centre of the crane is fitted with a hollow pivot, the interior of which is large
enough for the exhaust steam which has access to it by a lateral pipe, and also for a
central pipe, up through which the fresh steam passes. The central inlet steam
pipe passes through a stuffing box in the top of the hollow pivot, and its bottom
end is connected to the foundation step plate so as to communicate with a passage
to which the steam pipe from the boiler is connected. The foundation step plate is
also formed with a passage for the exhaust steam; this passage having an opening
in the step, bearing and coinciding with that in the hollow pivot of the crane.
A NEW OR IMPROVED APParatus or INSTRUMENT FOR TEACHING THE GAME OF BILLIARDS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Bennett at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th September 1876.
JOSEPH BENNETT, of Oxford Street, in the County of Middlesex, Professor of
Billiards. "A NEW OR IMPROVED APParatus or INSTRUMENT FOR TEACHING THE
GAME OF BILLIARDS."
The object of this Invention is to construct an apparatus or instrument for
enabling persons to learn the game of billiards by the method explained in a certain
book known as " Bennett on Billiards "
This apparatus or instrument consists firstly of two portions or limbs, forming
legs, hercin-after called "upper leg," and "lower leg," and which are hinged or
otherwise connected together in manner similar to an ordinary flat foot rule, so us
to be capable of being opened or closed; and secondly, of a thud portion forming
a connecting bar or limb which is pivoted at its upper end to the upper leg, and at
its other or lower end it is furnished with a screw nut or other equivalent con-
trivance capable of taking into a series of holes in the lower leg so as to render
the apparatus rigid after it has been set to the required angle. This third portion
is also formed in two pieces, and connected together by a hinge so as to allow one
portion to be turned over and to rest on the other portion when the apparatus is
closed or is to be carried.
"
"
When the apparatus is to be used to enable the player to know the strength with
which he must strike his ball, say, for instance, a canon ог "pocket" is to be
made, it is placed on the billiard table with the point forming the contre of con-
nection between the upper and lower legs at the object ball, and then the upper leg
is adjusted till it comes in a line with the centre of the 3rd or furthermost ball or
pocket, when the lower leg must be moved till it comes in a straight line with the
centre of the player's ball, when the connecting bar is adjusted and fixed to the
lower leg, thus showing the exact angle at which the ball is, and the strength
necessary for effecting the stroke, such angle and strength being found on inspection
of the book herein-before referred to.
The apparatus must be removed from the table before the stroke is played. The
ends of the legs may be recessed so as to allow them to be placed as near as possible

page_text: to the balls, and the hinge or connecting portion of the legs is likewise so contrived
for the same purpose, and presents a recessed portion when the legs are open.
Pins on the inner edge of one leg take into corresponding holes in the inner edgo
of the other leg, and keep the legs in place when the apparatus is closed, or is
being carried.