IMPROVED MATERIALS FOR AND IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR MOULDS
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet Street,
in the City of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVED
LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet Street,
in the City of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVED
MATERIALS FOR AND IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR MOULDS.
-A communication from abroad by Charles Emile André & Co., of
Sealed the 22nd August 1861, and dated the 26th February 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald Brooman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th February 1861.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED MATERIALS FOR AND IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR,
MOULDS," (a communication from abroad by Charles Emile André & Co.,
of Clichy, near Paris,) to be as follows:-
Hitherto a great drawback has arisen in moulding sugar from the moulds.
having been made of sheet iron, which becoming oxydized in parts, have.
produced yellow stains on that part of the sugar coming in contact with.
the oxydized metal. The stains have to be removed by scraping or otherwise
after the sugar has left the mould, and detract from the appearance of the
sugar. This Invention is intended to remedy this defect by constructing the
moulds of materials which will not oxydize, such as of organic products, card-.
board, pasteboard, leather cuttings, cautchouc, vulcanized or not, and various
rigid fabrics rendered impermeable by certain coatings.
By way of example I will explain the manner in which the moulds are
made when cardboard is the material used. A strong sheet of cardboard
is divided into four parts presenting a surface somewhat larger than that of

page_text: half the external surface of the sugar loaf, so that the four parts will form two
moulds; the edges are bevilled and brought together at an angle, coated with
glue, and the first two pieces united in a matrix; the other two pieces are
afterwards placed with the connections crossing each other, a core in the shape
of a
sugar loaf presses the whole and effects the adherence, the core is removed
and the cardboard mould is taken from the matrix. After the mould has
shrunk a little from exposure to the atmosphere a ring is placed round the
exterior thereof. This ring is made of iron with a rib at or about the
centre on which the next mould rests when the moulds are piled over one
another, without this provision one mould could not be easily removed from
the other. When this ring is fixed to the mould by glue, another is placed
inside, higher up, its edge is turned down on the outer ring, and rivets connect
the rings holding the cardboard between them, a metal socket is afterwards
placed at the point of the mould, a copper eyelet is rivetted in the aperture
at the point, and the whole is varnished red or black, for example, on the
exterior, and brown (terre glaize,) on the interior, and well dried, it is advisable
to heat the matrix to dry the cardboard or the core may be heated, and
the matrix may be made in two parts without being heated. The matrix
being so formed facilitates the withdrawal of the cardboard mould from it.
The two parts would be united and kept together by
core may be made hollow, and may be heated by steam. The internal surface
of the moulds may be made smooth by strong pressure, or by imparting rapid
rotary motion to a polished core. The moulds may be made in three pieces,
and three pieces of thin cardboard may be applied in the interior, crossing the
joints; again the moulds may be formed in one piece by moulding them in a
state of pulp. The Inventors state however that they have found the best
means of manufacturing the moulds is by resorting to heavy pressure obtained by
a screw worked by a lever or fly wheel carrying the core at its extremity; a
steam hammer or a hydraulic press may in some cases be useful. The glue
preferred by the Inventors is made of gelatine, rye flour, and fecula. The
varnish is composed of essence of turpentine, well boiled oil, and copal varnish,
but any ordinary glue or varnish of commerce may be employed. The coating
being well heated partially penetrates the cardboard and part runs off. After
the mould is varnished, it is placed in a temperature increasing gradually to
about 212° Fahr., the temperature must at all events be higher than that of
the syrup which is to be run into the moulds about 167° Fahr. The eyelet is
intended to prevent any injury in charging the moulds. The socket allows
the moulds to be placed in position, and the rings prevent the mould getting
out of shape; moulds made in the manner before described bear washing, but
hoops or links, the

page_text: not soaking. The moulds are light, supple, do not become bruised, do not require
re-varnishing, and cannot is any way produce spots of rust on the sugar. The
moulds may be made for example polygonal, and of other forms than that of
the ordinary sugar loaf moulds.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Archibald Brooman in the Great Seal Patent Office
. on the 26th August 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM, THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, send greeting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, Her special licence that
I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my
executors; administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention. for "IMPROVED MATERIALS
FOR AND IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR MOULDS," (a communica-
tion from abroad by Charles Emile André & Co., of Clichy, near Paris,)
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Richard Archibald
Brooman, my executors or administrators, by-an-instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent..
NOW KNOW YE,. that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be.
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
Hitherto a great drawback has arisen in moulding sugar from the moulds

page_text: having been made of sheet iron, which becoming oxydized in parts have
produced yellow stains on that part of the sugar coming in contact with the
oxydized metal. The stains have to be removed by scraping or otherwise after
the sugar has left the mould, and detract from the appearance of the sugar
This Invention is intended to remedy this defect by constructing the moulds of
materials which will not oxydize, such as of organic products, cardboard,
pasteboard, leather cuttings, caoutchouc, vulcanized or not, and various rigid
fabrics rendered impermeable by certain coatings.
;
By way of example I will explain the manner in which the moulds are made
when cardboard is the material used. A strong sheet of cardboard is divided
into four parts presenting a surface somewhat larger than that of half the
external surface of the sugar loaf, so that the four parts will form two moulds.
The edges are bevelled and brought together at an angle, coated with glue, and
the first two pieces united in a matrix. The other two pieces are afterwards
placed with the connections crossing each other; a core in the shape of a sugar
loaf presses the whole, and affects the adherence, the core is removed, and the
cardboard mould is taken from the matrix. After the mould has shrunk a
little from exposure to the atmosphere a ring is placed round the exterior
thereof. This ring is made of iron with a rib at or about the centre on
which the next mould rests when the moulds are piled over one another:
without this provision one mould could not be easily removed from the other.
When this ring is fixed to the mould by glue another is placed inside higher
np, its edge is turned down on the outer ring, and rivets connect the rings
holding the cardboard between them. A metal socket is afterwards placed
at the point of the mould, a copper eyelet is rivetted in the aperture at the
point, and the whole is varnished red or black, for example, on the exterior,
and brown (terre glaise) on the interior, and well dried. It is advisable to heat
the matrix to dry the cardboard; or the core may be heated and the matrix
may be made in two parts without being heated; the matrix being so formed
facilitates the withdrawal of the cardboard mould from it. The two parts
would be united and kept together by hoops or links. The core may be made
hollow, and may be heated by steam or hot air. The internal surface of the
moulds may be. made smooth by strong pressure or by imparting rapid rotary
motion to a polished core. The moulds may be made in three pieces, and
three pieces of thin cardboard may be applied in the interior, crossing the
joints; again, the moulds may be formed in one piece by moulding them in a
state of pulp. The Inventors state, however, that they have found the best means
of manufacturing them is by resorting to heavy pressure, obtained by a screw
worked by a lever or fly-wheel, carrying the core at its extremity. A steam

page_text: hammer or a hydraulic press may in some cases be useful. The glue preferred
by the Inventors is made of gelatine, rye flour, and fecula. The varnish is
composed of essence of turpentine, well boiled oil, and copal varnish, but any
ordinary glue or varnish of commerce may be employed. The coating being
well heated partially penetrates the cardboard and part runs off. After the
mould is varnished it is placed in a temperature increasing gradually to about
212° Fahrenheit. The temperature must at all events be higher than that of
the syrup, which is to be run into the moulds about 167° Fahrenheit. The
eyelet is intended to prevent any injury in charging the moulds. The socket
allows the moulds to be placed in position and the rings prevent the mould
getting out of shape. Moulds made in the manner before described bear
washing, but not soaking. The moulds are light, supple, do not become
bruised, do not require re-varnishing, and cannot in any way produce spots of
rust on the sugar. The moulds may be made, for example, polygonal and of
other forms than that of the ordinary sugar loaf moulds.
In some cases the moulds are constructed with a cardboard interior and
a metal exterior. The adherence of the cardboard to the metal, and the sizing
of the same, may be effected in various ways, but the following is the method
the Inventors prefer adopting :-The cardboard is gummed or otherwise
rendered adhesive, and is laid in the metal mould with a flexible core of
caoutchouc or other suitable material inside, air or water is forced into the
core, whereby the cardboard and metal become. solidified.
To prevent
indentations or deformations metal rings are sometimes placed on the metal
shapes. The cardboard need only descend to the edge of the metal shape.
These moulds are varnished in a similar manner to those made wholly of
cardboard or the other materials before mentioned, and in this as in the
previous arrangement, leather, paper, caoutchouc, or other suitable material
may be used instead of cardboard.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim the improved
materials for and the improvements in the manufacture of sugar moulds
herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of August,
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
R. A. BROOMAN. (L.)