A METHOD OR METHODS OF AND APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING OILS, FATS, GREASES, AND RESINS FROM BONES, RAW WOOL, SEEDS, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES CONTAINING THE SAME. AND RECOVERING A CERTAIN AGENT EMPLOYED IN THE PROCESS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edouard Deiss, of Paris, in the Empire of France,
Manufacturer of Chemical Products, for the Invention of "A METHOD OR
METHODS OF AND APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING OILS, FATS, GREASES, AND RESINS
FROM BONES, RAW WOOL, SEEDS, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES CONTAINING THE SAME.
AND RECOVERING A CERTAIN AGENT EMPLOYED IN THE PROCESS."
Sealed the 29th July 1856, and dated the 14th February 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edouard Deiss at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th February 1856.
I, EDOUARD DEISS, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Manufacturer of
Chemical Products, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A METHOD OR METHODS OF AND APPARATUS, FOR EXTRACTING OILS, FATS, GREASES
AND RESINS FROM BONES, RAW WOOL. SEEDS, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES CONTAINING
THE SAME, AND RECOVERING A CERTAIN AGENT EMPLOYED IN THE PROCESS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in the employment of sulphuret of carbon,chloroform,
ether, essences, or benzine or benzole, for extracting oils, fats, greases, and
resins from bones, wool, and oleaginous seeds. I find it more advantageous
to use sulphuret of carbon, because it distils at a low temperature, is insoluble
in water, and cheaper than the other agents above named.

page_text: My Invention further consists in the recovery or regeneration of the
sulphuret of carbon, employed for the above-named purposes, by means of
apparatuses which prevent any loss, so that the same sulphuret of carbon may
be used over and over again. These apparatuses consist of distilling apparatus
placed in communication with refrigerators, and in digesters, in which the
matters to be extracted are in contact with the sulphuret of carbon.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edouard Deiss in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
11th August 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDOUARD
DEISS, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Manufacturer of Chemical Products,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Edouard Deiss, Her special licence that I, the said Edouard Deiss,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Edouard Deiss, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A METHOD
OR METHODS OF AND APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING OILS, FATS. GREASES, AND RESINS
FROM BONES, RAW WOOL, SEELS, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES CONTAINING THE SAME, AND
RECOVERING A CERTAIN AGENT EMPLOYED IN THE PROCESS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Edouard Deiss, my executors or adminis
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edouard Deiss, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, .that is to say :-

page_text: My Invention consists, firstly, in the employment of sulphuret of carbon,
chloriform, ether, essences, or benzine or benzole, for extracting oils, fats,
greases, and resins from bones, wool, oleaginous seeds, and other substances
containing the same. I find it more advantageous to use sulphuret of carbon,
because it distils at a low temperature, is insoluble in water,and cheaper than
the other agents above named.
My Invention further consists in the recovery or regeneration of the sul-
phuret of carbon or other extracting agent employed for the above-named
purposes, whereby the same sulphuret of carbon or other extracting agent
may be used over and over again. The apparatuses which I employ consist
of vessels or digesters, in which the matters to be extracted are placed in
contact with the sulphuret of carbon or other extracting agent, and also in
distilling apparatus in communication therewith, for the recovery of the
extracting agent.
Having this stated in what my Invention consists, I now proceed to describe
a method in which the same may be carried into effect. Supposing sulphuret
of carbon to be the extracting agent adopted, I employ for the reception of
the wool, bones, or other substances to be treated, a cylindrical vessel or
digester, made of iron or other suitable material, having a cover at top, and
terminating at bottom in a funnel, which opens into a receiver beneath,
and is provided with a tap to regulate or cut off the discharge through it. In
this vessel the substances to be treated are placedin contactwiththesulphuret
of carbon, which is made to flow into it from a reservoir placed above, through
a bent inflow or supply pipe, leading from the reservoir, and carried down
along the outside of the vessel to the funnel-shaped part at bottom, into which
it opens, a tap being provided to regulate or cut off the flow from the reservoir
into the pipe. An outflow pipe leads from the cylindrical vessel (near the
top) into a distilling apparatus or still. The sulphuret of carbon, charged with
grease, oil, fats, &c., &c., extracted from the substances under treatment, is
conveyed through this pipe into the still. Apipe passes through the head and
out of the bottom of the still into an ait receiver. I employ two-air.receivers
or air vessels, placed one on each side of the cylindrical vessel, and raised and
lowered as required by pulleys and weights; one of these air receivers is con-
nected by a pipe to the receiver below the digester. A boiler is also employed
containing a coil of pipes. The ends of this coil extend or are prolonged
outside of the boiler, one end passing into one of the air receivers, and the
other end being carried into the cylindrical vessel through the cover at top.
Suppose raw wool to be the material from which it is desired to extract the
oily matters, I proceed as follows:-I first place the wool in the cylindrical

page_text: vessel and press it down well so as to pack as much as possible therein; I
then pour the sulphuret of carbon in the reservoir over the vessel and open
the
tap, when the sulphuret will flow. down through the bent inflow pipe into
the bottom of the cylindrical vessel and pass slowly up through the mass of
wool,dissolving the grease and oily matters contained therein, which it carries
with it as it rises, and then flows out charged with the grease,&c., through the
outflow pipe near the top of the vessel into the distilling apparatus. Nearly
all the greasy matters contained in the wool pass out with the first batch of
sulphuret into the still, for the density of sulphuret of carbon aloue being
greater than that of any combination of sulphuret of carbon with fatty matters,
the first supply of sulphuret, when it has taken the fatty and;
greasy matters
from the wool, is of less specific gravity than the next succeeding or fresh
supply of sulphuret entering the vessel, whence any admixture between the
lower and upper layers of liquid, or between the sulphuret containing fatty
matters and the fresh sulphuret, is rendered impossible. This process of
displacement is exactly the reverse of that which occurs in those processes in
the arts in which the dissolving agent is of less specific gravity alone than
when combined with the substances which it is employed to dissolve, as, for
example, when water is used to dissolve saline substances. The inflow tap is
so regulated as to keep the sulphuret flowing slowly up through the mass of
wool for an hour, more or less. The outflow from the digester into the still
must be watched, and as soon as the sulphuret ceases to carry with it any
greasy matter (except inconsiderable traces of it) the inflow of sulphuret may
be stopped; the discharge tap in the funnel-shaped bottom of the cylindrical
vessel is then opened, and the sulphuret of carbon,still contained in the vessel,
is allowed to flow out into the receiver beneath, whence it may be poured back
into the upper reservoir and used over again without undergoing distillation.
The combined liquids in the distilling apparatus are next distilled by leading
a jet of steam beneath. A very moderate degree of heat will suffice to
vaporize the sulphuret of carbon (say, between 104° and 114° Fahrenheit);
distillation is carried on with rapidity, and should be continued until all the
sulphuret of carbon is distilled off. which is then added to that previously
discharged from the vessel into the receiver. The fatty matters left in the
distilling apparatus are of the same consistency as oil; they are poured off
into a vessel and left to cool, and ultimately acquire the consistency of butter.
The sulphuret of carbon yet remaining in the wool has now to be expelled
therefrom. This is effected in the following manner:-There are, as before
stated,two air receivers, one on each side of the cylindrical vessel; one of these
is filled with air while the other is exhausted. The air receiver, charged with

page_text: air,is connected to the coiled pipe within the boiler; the other end of which, as
before stated, passes through the cover of the cylindrical vessel. The exhausted
air receiver communicates by means of a pipe with the sulphuret receiver
under the vessel; these pipes are furnished with stop-cocks. I proceed as
follows-I raise the exhausted air receiver (by its weights and pulleys) and
at the same time bring down the air receiver containing air, whereupon the
air in the latter will flow from it into the coiled pipe in the boiler, in which
it will become heated, and will pass out there from through the other end of
the coil into the top of the cylindrical vessel or digester containing the wool;
the heated air will then pass down through the wool, and extract there from the
sulphuret of carbon, which it will carry with it and deposit in the sulphuret
receiver below the vessel, and, thence escape into the other or exhausted air
receiver, being drawn in under strong suction. When all the air has passed
from one air receiver into another, that is to say, when the air receiver, which
was at first full of air, becomes emptied or exhausted, while the air receiver
that was previously exhausted has become filled with air in a similar manner,
then the air is brought back in an oppossite direction,that is to say, from the
last-mentioned or full air receiver, through the coil of pipe in the boiler, down
through the woolinto the cylindrical vessel, and, finally, into the first-mentioned
or exhausted air receiver, and this is kept up until all the sulphuret of carbon
has been extracted from the wool by the continuous introduction of hot air.
The heated air dissolves the sulphuret of carbon, and when it becomes cool
deposits it in a state of liquid; in the same manner as hot water dissolves salts,
and when cool deposits them in crystals. In both cases the degree of satura-
tion is in proportion to the degree of heat. A supplementary receiver is
provided at the mouth of the air receiver, in which is deposited such portion
of the sulphuret of carbon as may not have been left in the first sulphuret
receiver. In warm weather, or whenever the temperature of the atmosphere
is not sufficiently low to assist condensation, the hot air tube should be
refrigerated after leaving the cylindrical vessel, by carrying it through a
vessel filled with cold water or otherwise. The tube is carried through
the refrigerator in an inclined position, in order to assist the outflow of
the condensed sulphuret of carbon into the receivers. By this process, loss
of sulphuret of carbon is almost entirely prevented; indeed the only waste is
that of the small portion which may be held in the air left in one of the air
receivers; but as the same air is used over and over again, this loss is
reduced to almost nothing.
The method and apparatus just described for extracting grease from wool.
may be adopted for the extraction of oils from oleaginous seeds, and for the

page_text: extraction of oils, resins, grease, and fatty matters from bones, and from other
substances containing the same. In the case of bones they must first be
crushed and reduced to a coarse powder. Before placing them in the digester
I lay a piece of flannel at the bottom of it, pour in the bone dust, and cover
the heap over with another piece of flannel, which I keep down by a perforated
plate. The bottom flannel prevents the bone dust from falling through and
clogging up the discharge tube, and the top flannel filters the sulphuret of
carbon, holding the grease in solution before flowing out into the distilling
apparatus. I then proceed to extract the grease, resin, &c., by allowing the
sulphuret of carbon to flow through the bent supply pipe into the bottom of
the vessel, up which it rises slowly, dissolving the greasy and fatty matters,
and carrying them off into the distilling apparatus, where the sulphuret is
distilled out by steain, as before described.
To recover the sulphuret of carbon from the grease, &c more effectually,
hot air is forced into the distilling apparatus through the tube in the still head,
which communicates with the air receiver, whereby vaporization is assisted
and the complete expulsion of the sulphuret effected. The sulphuret of carbon
left in the bone dust is extracted by currents of hot air passing from a full to
an exhausted air receiver, as previously described with reference to the treat-
ment of wool. After the operation the digester may be opened and the bone
dust emptied out ready to be employed in the manufacture of lampblack.
I extract oil from oleaginous seeds in the same manner as I have just
described in respect to the extraction of grease from bones. I first crush the
seeds, then place a piece of flannel at the bottom of the digester, pour the
seeds on it, and cover them over with another piece of flannel; I then admit
sulphuret of carbon, as in the previous instances. The sulphuret, as it rises,
extracts the oil from the seeds, and carries it off into the distilling apparatus,
under which steam is brought to distil off the sulphuret of carbon, its recovery
being promoted by the introduction of heated air, as in the case of bone grease.
A continuous current of hot air is passed through the vessel to extract the
sulphuret of carbon which may yet remain in the seeds, as previouslydescribed.
I attach considerable importance to this application of my Invention, for the
seeds not having to be pressed or torrefied the cakes made with them are not
injured, while oil of superior quality is obtained, and the yield is considerable.
The method which I have described of treating raw wool may also be
adopted for the extraction of grease, &c. from spun or manufactured wool
and other fibrous materials, also from manufactured, woven and textile fabrics.
Although I have described the vessel or digester (in which the wool, bones,
seeds, or other substances are placed in contact with the sulphuret of carbon,)

page_text: as being cylindrical, a vessel or digester of any other suitable form or shape
may be used for the purpose, and any other construction and arrangement
of apparatus may be employed which will effectually carry out the objects of
my Invention. Sulphuret of carbon is especially valuable as a parifying.
agent in treating fatty matters combined with refuse and impurities, on
account of its possessing the property of dissolving only the fats, oils,
grease, and resins, and eliminating foreign impurities therefrom. My Inven-
tion, therefore, may be applied with advantage to the extraction of grease,
oil, resin, and fats from refuse, such as the refuse of slaughter-houses, wash
waters of manufactories, oil dregs, kitchen stuffs, &c., and other similar
matters, whereby the fatty and resinous substances are freed from the impu-
rities and foreign bodies with which they are combined, and may be rendered
of commercial value, and turned to account for various useful purposes.
In these cases I proceed as follows:-The matters are treated directly or
combined with twice their weight of sulphuret of carbon, and the mixture is
left to settle. The sulphuret will dissolve the fats, &c., separating them from
the impurities, and after a time two distinct layers will be formed, the upper
layer consisting of the impurities and foreign matters deprived of the fatty and
oily substances, and the lower layer cousisting of the sulphuret of carbon,
holding the fatty substances in solution. I draw off the latter layer, distil it,
so as to recover the sulphuret of carbon, and obtain the fatty matters in a pure
condition, and fit to be employed in the manufacture of soap or candles, or for
other useful purposes. The sulphuret of carbon remaining in the layer of
impurities may also be recovered by distillation. Although in describing the
manner in which my Invention may be carried into effect I have mentioned
sulphuret of carbon as the extracting agent, chloroform, ether, essences, or
benzine or benzole may, if preferred, be substituted for the sulphuret of carbon,
but I prefer the employment of the before-mentioned sulphuret.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I do not in any way con-
fine myself to the particular methods herein-before described for carrying
my Invention into effect; and moreover, I do not confine myself to any
particular construction or arrangement of apparatuses in connexion therewith;
but I claim,
First. The extraction of oils, greases, fats, and resins, from wool, bones,
oleaginous seeds, refuse, and other substances containing the same, by means
of sulphuret of carbon, chloroform, ether, essencea, or benzine or benzole,
in the manner herein-before described.
Second. The recovery of the sulphuret of carbon or other extracting agent

page_text: employed after it has been made use of for extracting purposes, in the manner
herein-before described.
And, third. The apparatus, consisting of digesters or vessels in which the
bones, seed, wool, or other substances are placed in contact with the extracting
agent, and of distilling apparatus for recovering the sulphuret of carbon or
other agent used in such extraction, as before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edouard Deiss, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifth day of August, One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-six