Improvements in Gas and Oil Motor Engines.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 8th May, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 29th Jan., 1894-Accepted, 3rd Mar., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by DIE GAS MOTOREN Fabrik Deutz, of Köln-
Deutz, Germany, Manufacturers.]
Improvements in Gas and Oil Motor Engines.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane,
in the County of London, Consulting Engineer, and Chartered Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improved means of regulating the speed of four-stroke-
cycle gas or oil motor engines of the kind described in the Specification to
Patent No. 48231890.
In the motor engines there described, a chamber containing a flexible diaphragm,
piston, or the like, was subject to the varying pressures occurring in the working
cylinder, whereby the said diaphragm or piston was moved so as to actuate a
hit-and-miss device in conjunction with the discharge valve of the engine, and of a
lever or rod actuated by the engine shaft, in such manner as to cause such valve to
be opened during the discharge stroke of the engine piston, and to remain closed
during the suction, compression and firing strokes.
According to the present invention the said chamber with diaphragm or piston
and hit and miss device are utilised for regulating the speed of the engine in the
following manner. The space in the said chamber behind the piston or diaphragm
is put in communication with the interior of the cylinder, or with the air supply
passage to the combustion space thereof, by means of a pipe or passage provided
with a check valve which closes automatically after the air pressure in the chamber
has either been reduced by the suction stroke of the piston, or has been increased
by the compression stroke, so as to prevent the entrance or escape of air pressure
to or from the chamber. The latter is furthermore provided with a cock or valve
by which a restricted communication with the atmosphere can be established.
The action of the apparatus thus arranged is as follows: Assuming the chamber
to be provided with a flexible diaphragm connected by a rod to a hit and miss lever
pivotted to the discharge valve and to be put in communication with the air supply
passage of the explosion space of the cylinder by a pipe with a check valve that
allows the air pressure to be withdrawn from the chamber by the suction stroke,
but then in closing, prevents its re-entrance, then on the occurrence the suction
stroke, the diaphragmn in being forced inwards by the atmosphere on account of the
reduced pressure in the chamber, will draw the hit-and-miss lever of the discharge
valve to one side, and will prevent this from being forced open by the excentric rod
during the return or compression_stroke as in the arrangement described in the
said Specification 4823 of 1890. Instead however of the hit-and-miss lever being
at once brought back into its normal position by the free readmission of the air
into the chamber, as was formerly the case, the air cock or valve on the chamber,
being only slightly open, will restrict such entrance of the outer air in such manner
as only to allow the diaphragm to move the lever slowly back into the normal
position. This action is so timed that the hit-and-miss lever will only arrive in its
normal position at the time when the piston is at the end of its working stroke, so
that the excentric rod can then force open the discharge valve. From this
arrangement it will be seen that if the engine is running too fast, then the working
stroke will have been completed before the bit-and-miss lever has arrived in the
normal position, to be acted upon by the excentric rod, so that the latter will fail
to open the discharge valve, and consequently the piston in performing its return

page_text: stroke will compress the combustion gases in the cylinder, and on the following
outstroke these gases will expand again and no combustible charge will be
admitted.
This action will be repeated until the speed of the engine has become reduced to
the normal again, when the hit-and-miss lever will arrive in line with the excentric
rod at the end of the working outstroke, so that the discharge valve will again be
opened during the expelling stroke.
It will be evident that the normal speed of the engine can be varied by varying
the degree of opening of the air cock or valve af, the diaphragm chamber.
It is preferred to provide a spring in the diaphragm chamber for forcing the
diaphragm into the normal position.
It will be evident that in place of providing an air valve or cock on the chamber
as described, means may be provided for preventing the check valve from closing
entirely, so that the air pressure can leak past it at a regulated speed into the
chamber.
Dated thin 8th day of May 1902
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Gas and Oil Motor Engines.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the County of London, Consulting Engineer and Chartered Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :—
My invention relates to improved means of regulating the speed of four-stroke-
cycle gas or oil motor engines of the kind described in the Specification to
Patents No. 4823 of 1890 and 5273 of 1890.
In the motor engines there described a chamber containing a flexible diaphragm.
piston or the like was subject to the varying pressures occurring in the working
cylinder, whereby the said diaphragm or piston was moved so as to actuate a
hit-and-miss device in conjunction with the discharge valve of the engine, and of a
lever or rod actuated by the engine shaft, in such manner as to cause such valve to
be opened during the discharge stroke of the engine piston, and to remain closed
during the suction, compression and firing strokes.
According to the present invention the said chamber with diaphragm or piston
and hit-and-miss device are utilised for regulating the speed of the engine in the
following manner. The space in the said chamber behind the piston or diaphragm
is put in communication with the interior of the cylinder, or with the air supply
passage to the combustion space thereof, by means of a pipe or passage provided
with a check valve which closes automatically after the air pressure in the chamber
has either been reduced by the suction stroke of the piston, or has been increased
by the compression stroke, so as to prevent the entrance or escape of air pressure to
or from the chamber. The latter is furthermore provided with a cuck or valve by
which a restricted communication with the atmosphere can be established..
The action of the apparatus thus arranged is as follows: Assuming the chamber
to be provided with a flexible diaphragm connected by a rod to a hit and miss lever
pivotted to the discharge valve and to be put in communication with the air supply
passage of the explosion space of the cylinder by a pipe with a check valve that
allows the air pressure to be withdrawn from the chamber by the suction stroke,
but then in closing, prevents its re-entrance, then on the occurrence the suction
stroke, the diaphragm in being forced inwards by the atmosphere on account of the
reduced pressure in the chamber, will draw the hit-and-miss lever of the discharge

page_text: valve to one side, and will prevent this from being forced open by the excentric rod
during the return.or compression stroke as in the arrangement described in the said
Specification 4823 of 1890. Instead however of the hit-and-miss lever being at
once brought back into its normal position by the free readmission of the air into.
the chamber, as was formerly the case, the air cock or valve on the chamber, being
only slightly open, will restrict such entrance of the outer air in such manner as
only to allow the diaphragm to move the lever slowly back into the normal position.
This action is so timed that the hit-and-miss lever will only arrive in its normal
position at the time when the piston is at the end of its working stroke, so that the
eccentric rod can then force open the discharge valve. From this arrangement it
will be seen that if the engine is running too fast, then the working stroke will
have been completed before the hit-and-miss lever has arrived in the. normal
position, to be acted upon by the excentric rod, so that the latter will fail to open.
the discharge valve, and consequently the piston in performing its return stroke.
will compress the combustion gases in the cylinder, and on the following outstroke,.
these gases will expand again and no combustible charge will be admitted.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawing shews a sectional side view of a gas or oil
motor engine having the above described improvement applied thereto.
.
Fig. 2 shews a modification in which the separate air cock is diepensed with.
The arrangement shewn in these figures is supposed to be applied to that form of
the above described apparatus which is shewn in Fig. 1 of the Specification 5273.
of 1890.
9 is the mixing inlet valve which is supplied with air through the pipe 1, and with
gas or petroleum vapour through the pipe m, and which opens automatically on the
suction stroke of the engine piston; f is the discharge valve for the combustion
gases, which is opened during the expelling stroke of the piston by means of the
excentric a on the crank shaft, excentric rod reciprocating rod c, and hit-and-
miss lever e, pivotted to the discharge valve and connected to the flexible
diaphragm of the cup or casing g the interior of which, as before described, is put
in communication with the air chamber o by means of a passage k, so as to effect
the moving of the lever e out of line with the rod e during the suction stroke of the
piston, as previously explained.
According to the present invention, there is provided in the passage k a check
valve which opens freely during the suction stroke for allowing the air to be-
exhausted from the cup or casing 9, but which then closes so as to prevent the
re-entrance of the air.
There is also provided on the cup 9 an air cock t.
Thus with this arrangement it will be seen that during the suction stroke the
consequent inward motion of the diaphragm h will draw lever è out of line with
rod c, which will consequently fail to force open the discharge valve f during the.
following instroke, so that the combustible charge will then be compressed.
At the end of the suction stroke the valve i will close, so as to prevent the
re-entrance of air into g through the pipe k, but, the cock t being slightly opened,
air will penetrate slowly through it into the cup g, thus allowing the diaphragm to
move slowly outwards again, this action being by preference assisted by a spring .
By this means the lever e will be gradually brought back into the position in line
with the rod c, this action being so regulated by the adjustment of the cock t that.
the lever is brought into the said position just before the commencement of the
expelling stroke of the piston when the engine is running at the normal speed,.
so that at the commencement hereof the discharge valve will be forced open.
If now the normal speed of the engine be exceeded, the rod c will advance for
forcing open the discharge valve before the lever e has arrived in the normal
position, as the action of the diaphragm is constant and independent of the speed of
the engine, and consequently as the discharge valve will remain closed, the piston
will compress the combustion gases of the previous explosion by its instroke, and
these will expand again during the following outstroke, and thus the engine will
continue to work without explosive charges until the speed has been sufficiently

page_text: reduced for the lever e to be brought into its normal position again by the time the
rod c is being advanced towards it for opening the valve during the instroke of the
piston.
It will be evident that by increasing or decreasing the opening of the cock t, the
normal speed of the engine can be increased or decreased.
In the modified arrangement shewn to an enlarged scale at Fig. 2 the air valve t
is dispensed with, and the regulated restricted re-entrance of the air into the cup g
is effected by keeping the check valve i slightly open.
For this purpose the valve i is suspended by a slotted connection from a pin p
that can be raised or lowered by a screw spindle screwing through the valve
casing, and the valve is provided with side channels which, when the valve is held
slightly open are made to communicate to a restricted extent with channels g²
formed in the casing g', so as to allow a more or less restricted flow of air back to
the casing through pipe k after the suction stroke.
During the suction stroke the valve is free to rise sufficiently, owing to its
slotted connection with the pin p, to allow the air to be drawn freely from the
casing g.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
:-
1. In a gas or oil motor engine whose discharge valve is controlled by a flexible
diaphragm or piston and a hit-and-miss device in the manner herein referred to,
providing the cup or casing of the diaphragm with a check valve that prevents the
free ingress of air thereto at the end of the suction stroke, and controlling such
ingress by means of a cock or equivalent device so that the diaphragm is caused to
bring the hit-and-miss device into position for effecting the opening of the discharge
valve at a retarded constant speed which is independent of the speed of the engine,
substantially as and for the purpose described.
2. In a gas or oil motor engine, in combination with a diaphragm h and cup g
controlling the hit-and-miss device ce of the discharge valve, a check valve i on
the passage & communicating with the air supply 1, and a cock t or equivalent
adjustable device controlling the re-entrance of air into the cup g at the end of the
suction stroke, substantially as and for the purpose described.
3. In a gas or oil motor engine the combination with a diaphragm h and cup g
controlling the hit-and-miss device ce of the discharge valve, of a check valve i on
the passage & communicating with the air supply, the said valve being so arranged
that it allows of a free discharge of air from the cup, and an adjustable restricted
re-entrance of the same, substantially as and for the purposes described.
Dated this 27th day of January 1894.
ABEL & IMKAI,
Agents for the Applicant.