CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN BREAD, BISCUITS, MACARONI, VERMICELLI, AND PASTRY, AND THE MODE OF MAKING THE SAME
Year: 1842

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GILBERT
CLAUDE ALZARD, of Titchborne Street, in the County of Middlesex, Esquire,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at Westminster,
the Twentieth day of October, in the sixth year of Her reign, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Gilbert
Claude Alzard, my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her especial license,
full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Gilbert Claude
Alzard, my executors, administrators, and assigns, and such others as I, the
said Gilbert Claude Alzard, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the said term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within that part of Her United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland called England, the Dominion of Wales, and
Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in the Islands of Guernsey, Jersey.
Alderney, Sark, and Man, and in all Her Majesty's Colonies and Plantations
abroad, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN BREAD, BISCUITS, MACARONI,
VERMICELLI, AND PASTRY, AND THE MODE OF MAKING THE SAME;" in which said
Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said Gilbert Claude Alzard,
shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, to be enrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court

page_text: of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as by the said Letters
Patent, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Gilbert Claude Alzard, do hereby declare the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following description thereof, that
is to say:
My Invention consists in rendering biscuit, bread, macaroni, vermicelli, and
other farinaceous paste produced in the bakehouse capable of being preserved
for a very long period without undergoing any sensible change, and this
result I attain by producing an extraordinary fermentation in the dough, by
means of which the pores of the paste are closed, and the external air
excluded. In the composition of the paste, I make use of any of the several
known farinaceous substances (according to the peculiar article I wish to
produce), but I always take care that the paste should be composed of one half
of a flour containing gluten. For the mixing, kneading, and all other necessary
processes for turning the flour into dough, I make use either of manual labour
or the machinery generally employed in large baking establishments, but I
prefer the latter on account of its combining or amalgamating the several
component parts of the paste in a more perfect manner. For the manu-
facturing of biscuits, I take equal portions of wheaten and rice flour, into
which I pour the necessary quantity of water, taking care, however, to have
the water as hot as possible, and a temperature at least equal to that of
boiling, and I proceed afterwards to prepare the dough by the means herein-
before described. I introduce the yeast to produce the fermentation before
the dough has become cold. The commencement of the fermentation will be
known by touching the dough, which will then have acquired a certain degree
of spongy feel, as will be easily ascertained by any person or workman having a
thorough knowledge of the art of baking. The developement of the fermenta-
tion before the paste is placed in the oven depends upon the proportion of heat
which enters into the paste. The dough being prepared in the aforesaid
manner, and cut into the required shape, is put into the oven to undergo the
usual process of baking, which does not require more time than in the ordinary
mode of baking. The process of manufacturing bread is exactly similar to
the above stated, the same proportion of the farinaceous substances which
are to compose the paste being employed, and the water which is added being
as hot as possible, and of a temperature at least equal to that of boiling, and
the yeast being introduced into the dough before it is cold, and I take care

page_text: that the yeast employed in the doughs is made without either beer, vinegar,
acid, or other acidulated substances. In the preparation of the dough for
vermicelli and macaroni, I proceed as aforesaid, the only thing to be observed
is, that they require less quantities of yeast than the biscuit or bread.
Having now fully described the nature of my said Invention of "Certain
Improvements in the Making of Bread, Biscuits, Macaroni, Vermicelli, and
Pastry, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim as new, and as of my Invention, is the producing in the doughs the
highest possible degree of fermentation, by the mixing into them water of a
temperature equal to or exceeding that of boiling, and the introduction of
yeast, as above described.
And such my Invention being, to the best of my knowledge and belief,
entirely new, and never before used within that part of Her said Majesty's
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, the said
Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in the
Islands of Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and in all Her said
Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, I do hereby declare this to be my
Specification of the same, and do verily believe that this my Specification doth
comply in all respects, fully and without reserve and disguise, with the proviso
in the said herein-before in part recited Letters Patent contained; wherefore I
hereby claim to maintain exclusive right and privilege to the said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Gilbert Claude Alzard, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-three.
Inrolled the same Twentieth day of April, in the year above written.