IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Cooke, of Charing Cross, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
VENTILATING."
Sealed the 14th May 1861, and dated the 21st November 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Cooke, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
November 1860.
I, WILLIAM COOKE, of Charing Cross, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN VENTILATING," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object certain peculiar improvements in ventilating
all descriptions of buildings, ships, railway and other carriages, or any other
enclosed space, without producing draught or admitting dust. For this
purpose I provide in the case of buildings air-conducting shafts by the sides
of the chimney breast, of material suitable for such purpose, in new buildings,
the same being built during the erection of the building in four and a half
inch brickwork, leaving an open space in the clear of four inches or more
well pargetted as built up; this air flue I carry through into the roof, and
upon this shaft I place a curved pyramidical formed apparatus made of
Price 81

page_text: glazed pipe, or other suitable material; the mouth of the curved pipe returns
to within a small distance of the ceiling joists; in the roof small dormers
are formed with ordinary louvre boards, which effectually carry away the
vitiated air from the shafts; openings are formed out of each room near the
ceiling, covered with perforated zinc, or other suitable material, which conduct
the vitiated air into the shafts, a regulating slide being also used, which
closes the same as may be desired.
Another improvement consists in cases where I adopt the principle of a
fold of gauze wire, or other suitable material, fitted to the soffit of the reveal
of a sash window, where a cord acting upon a pulley secured to the top sash
draws the fold into action; in such cases I affix a bolt or suitable fastening
to the gauze fold, which is drawn through the top sash, by means of the cord
before mentioned, and there held until the sash is raised; I also apply to the
before-mentioned fold a suitable spring on either side, which holds the ven-
tilator when out of use in its place, thereby permitting the window to be opened
without the ventilator.
Another improvement consists in applying felt, or other suitable material,
to the sides of ventilators, constructed of one or more folds of gauze, or other
perforated material, for the purpose of effectually preventing the admission
of a current of air at the ends of the ventilator.
I also provide an improvement upon apparatus of a pyramidical form,
for obtaining ventilation, affixed in an aperture in or near the ceiling or
roof of a building or enclosed space, such improvement consisting of partially
turning up the mouth of the exterior opening of the said apparatus, for the
purpose of preventing the vitiated or escaping air from being acted upon by
an outward current.
Another improved method of admitting fresh air without draught, especially
beneficial in summer, is by means of an opening in the external wall or
enclosure, the external and internal apertures of such openings differing in
elevation, perforations of suitable form and material being placed on the
outer aperture; a space is then left between the wall and the skirting of
the apartment, openings covered with wire gauze or perforated zinc being
formed at suitable distances in the skirting, the same being provided with a
slide to close when required.
I also provide a means of preventing draft between the upper and lower
sash of a window, when open by means of perforated gauze, felt, or other
suitable material, the same being affixed to one of the sashes.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Cooke in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 14th
May 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME. I, WILLIAM
COOKE, of Charing Cross, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send
greeting.
'
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself. Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Cooke, Her special licence that I, the said William Cooke, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Cooke, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I,. the said William Cooke, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
i
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Cooke, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My Invention has in the first instance certain peculiar improvements and
approved methods of constructing ventilators of wire gauze, or other
perforated material, so that they may be applied to and in all descriptions
of buildings, railway and other carriages, also to ships, and all or any other
confined space or spaces. Figures 1, 2, 15, 17, of the accompanying
Drawings are sections interior and exterior elevations of a sash window,
showing improvements in cases where I adopt the principle of a ventilator
constructed of a fold of wire gauze, or other suitable material fitted to the
soffit of the reveal of a sash window, where a cord B acting upon a pulley
secured to the top sash draws the fold A into action; in such cases I affix

page_text: a bolt B, or other suitable fastening, to the gauze fold, which is drawn
through the top sash at D by means of the cord B before mentioned, and
there held until the sash is raised.
Figure 1 represents the ventilator in use; Figure 2 is a section showing
the same ventilator in its place and the sash closed; Figures 15 and 17 are
interior and exterior elevations, the interior elevation showing the ventilator
in use, and the exterior elevation the ventilator out of use; Figures 3
and 14 are an ordinary plan and section of a room showing the skirting
thereof in section; E, E, E, E, indicate the space between the wall and the
skirting F, F, F, F, the openings into the room, which will be covered
by a perforated plate, as shown in Figure 13; G, G, G, show the external
openings in wall.
Figure 4 of the accompanying Drawings shows improvements in cases,
where I adopt the principle of ventilators constructed of a curved pyramidical
form for obtaining ventilation, affixed in an aperture, the ends of which
curved pyramidical ventilators as shewn at H are turned up for the purpose
of preventing the vitiated or escaping air from being acted upon by an
outward current.
Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 respectively represent ventilators constructed
of two or more folds of wire gauze, or other perforated material, secured
to the soffit of the reveal of an ordinary sash window, or in a single pane
of glass or other opening; the dotted lines indicate felt or other suitable
material attached to the sides of these ventilators at I for preventing draught.
Figure 12 is a sectional plan of an ordinary room looking towards the
ceiling; J, J, represent the air conducting shafts, which are either to be built
up in 4 inch brickwork in cases of new buildings, otherwise they may be
constructed in wood or any other material, the shafts being carried through
from room to room into the roof and covered by a pyramidical apparatus,
the openings as shown in the Drawings are covered with a perforated plate
K which can be closed at any time when required: dormers of any ordinary
shape or form may be fixed in the roof, whereby the vitiated air is entirely
removed.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and shown appli-
cations of the same, I would have it understood that my said improvements
may be modified and applied in various ways, and that I do not confine
myself to the exact details herein shown and described, nor to their application
to any particular part or form of window or opening, as variations and
adaptations may be made therein, as also in the application, without departing
from the peculiar character of my Invention, but what I claim is,-

page_text: First, a peculia mode of carrying off the vitiated air by means of air-
conducting shafts, built up in the case of new buildings in 4 inch brickwork,
generally adjoining the chimney breast, but in the case of old buildings the
same can be constructed in wood; upon these outlets in roof the curved
pyramidical apparatus with turned up mouth, as hereinbefore mentioned, is
placed, and by this means, with the addition of ordinary dormers, the entire
vitiated air is carried off.
Secondly, the method of bringing the fresh air into all descriptions of
enclosed spaces without creating the slightest current or draught, and
especially beneficial in summer, as described in Figures 3 and 14.
Thirdly, the peculiarly formed curved pyramidical apparatus as above
described.
Fourthly, ventilators constructed of one, two, or more folds of wire gauze,
or other perforated material, with an attachment of felt, or other suitable
material, as specified in the Provisional Specification, for the purpose of
effectually preventing the admission of a current or draught of air.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Cooke, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
WILLIAM COOKE. (L.S.)