OR IMPROVED STOPPING GEAR FOR MACHINERY, SPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Henry Beck of 139 Cannon Street in the City
of London, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent for an Invention of NEW
OR IMPROVED STOPPING GEAR FOR MACHINERY, SPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO
LOOMS FOR WEAVING communicated to him from abroad by William-Dawson,
of 2 Boulevard de Strasbourg, Paris in the Republic of France
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Henry Beck at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st March 1883.
WILLIAM HENRY BECK, of 139 Cannon Street, in the City of London, Consulting
Engineer and Patent Agent, "NEW OR IMPROVED STOPPING GEAR FOR MACHINERY
SPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING." [communicated to him from
abroad by William Dawson, of 2 Boulevard de Strasbourg, Paris in the Republic
of France]
The arrangement or apparatus for throwing machinery out of gear which forms
the subject of the present invention has for object the production of an instan-
taneous stoppage without the employment of brake pressure and is applicable,
firstly, to machinery in general, an accidental derangement of which increases the
weight of the parts in motion; secondly to Jacquard looms when a card is
displaced, and thirdly, to the same machines in which the cards become unlaced or
the loops thereof broken.
.
This apparatus applied to a machine driven by a strap stops it instantly and
automatically when such stoppage is brought about by any accident or derange-
ment which produces a difference of weight in the rotation. This stoppage being
instantaneous prevents the accident which caused it from having serious
consequences.
It also prevents accidents caused by the Jacquard apparatus whether such
accidents arise from the defective position of a card on the cylinder, or from the
rupture of the loop or lace which connects such cards together. As the stoppage
is effected by this apparatus before the accident which has caused it can have had
any serious consequences the defects which would usually be produced in the

page_text: tissue by such accident are prevented. For the same reason the apparatus also
prevents the derangement of the machine which usually results from a failure of
the cards.
The invention consists of the following arrangements: the fly wheel and the
driving pulley of the machine are made in one or are fixed together and turn
loosely on the driving shaft. This shaft carries a fixed cam on which is formed a
tooth or stop and a recess to receive the friction roller of a disengaging lever
which pivots on a centre fixed for example on one of the arms of the flywheel.
When an accidental increase of weight is produced the aforesaid cam is retarded
and the roller leaves its recess in the said cam. The connection between the
flywheel and the said cam is thus broken' and consequently the shaft is stopped
instantly.
When the apparatus is applied to a Jacquard it is arranged as follows:-Against
the disengaging lever above mentioned and below its axis of motion bears the
friction roller of an arm or bar which is drawn by a spring and is held during the
normal working of the machine by a stop which bears on a bell crank lever. The
latter is connected by a rod to another bell crank placed above a feeler needle
which passes through the card.
When the card does not take its place properly on the cylinder, the feeler needle
does not enter its appropriate hole and the bell crank over it is thereby caused to
turn on its fulcrum, the other bell crank turns likewise, the spring lever is
liberated and comes to bear against the disengaging lever on the flywheel and
disengages it.
Should the loops of the cards become broken or unlaced, a lever adapted to bear
against the cards when they are in working order is allowed to drop and to carry
a plate or tongue piece into a position in which it forms an obstacle to the descent
of the before-mentioned feeler needle and the whole apparatus acts as previously
described.
The disengaging lever is also held in place by a spring latch.
In order to assure the starting of the shaft, however suddenly the strap may be
applied to the driving pulley a click or pawl is provided which comes against the
tooth or stop on the cam and. turns the shaft thereby until the friction roller of
the disengaging lever has been forced into its recess on the said cam. When the
flywheel has attained a certain amount of speed a centrifugal arrangement raises
the click or pawl above the tooth or stop so as to allow of the disengaging action
above described when an accident or derangement takes place.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Henry Beck in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
21st September 1883.
WILLIAM HENRY BECK, of 139 Cannon Street, in the City of London,
Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent "NEW OR IMPROVED STOPPING GEAR
FOR MACHINERY, SPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING" [communi-.
cated to him from abroad by William Dawson, of 2 Boulevard de Strasbourg, Paris
in the Republic of France]
The arrangement or apparatus for throwing machinery out of gear which forms
the subject of the present invention has for object the production of an instan-
taneous stoppage without the employment of brake pressure and is applicable
firstly to machinery in general, an accidental derangement of which increases the
weight of the parts in motion, secondly, to Jacquard looms when a card is
displaced, and thirdly, to the same machines in which the cards become unlaced or
the loops thereof broken.
This apparatus applied to a machine driven by a strap stops it instantly and
automatically, when such stoppage is brought about by any cause, accident, or
derangement which produces a difference of weight in the rotation. This stoppage
being instantaneous prevents the accident which caused it from having serious
consequences.
It also prevents accidents caused by the Jacquard apparatus whether such
accidents arise from the defective position of a card on the cylinder, or from the
rupture of the loop or lace which connects such cards together. As the stoppage is
effected by this apparatus before the accident which has caused it can have had
any serious consequences, the defects which would usually be produced in the
tissue by such accident are prevented. For the same reason the apparatus also
prevents the derangement of the machine which usually results from a failure of
the cards.
It may be said in reference to this apparatus that the workman is the machine
and the apparatus the thought, for the latter forsees as it were the accident
whilst the workman only sees it after it has been produced.
These different effects are obtained by means of the mechanical arrangements I
am now about to describe with the aid of the drawings hereto annexed in which
Figures 1 and 2 show the apparatus in front and side elevation respectively.
Figures 3, 4 and 5 illustrate the action.
The invention consists of the following arrangements:-
The fly wheel a and the driving pulley m of the machine are made in one or
are fixed together and turn loosely on the driving shaft o. This shaft carries a
fixed cam b on which is formed a tooth or stop 4 and a recess to receive the
friction roller d of a disengaging lever c which pivots on a centre c¹ fixed for
example on one of the arms of the flywheel a and a part of the cam b is eccentric
as shown. The lever c is curved and carries at equal distances from its fulcrum
two friction rollers d and d'. The first (d) of these rollers takes into the recess
formed on the cam, the second (d) takes into a similar recess formed on an arm h
at right angles with the lever c. The arm h has two roller recesses. The driving
is determined by the taking of the rollers into the cam on the one hand, and into
the arm on the other. The arm his pressed against the roller d' on the lever c
by the spiral spring j, the axis 3 of which serves to wind up the said spring so
that the tension cau be varied at pleasure. It may be observed that the strength
of this spring serves for determining the resistance which shall cause the machine
o stop when the apparatus is brought into action.

page_text: The lever or double arm c also carries near to and below the centre of its axis,
another smaller axis on which is centred a pawl e pressed against the cam by a
light spring, and taking against the ratchet tooth 4 of the cam b.
This device serves for starting. It acts when the workman puts the strap
suddenly on to the fixed pulley.
If at this instant there were only the adhesion of the rollers & and d¹ in their
recesses, the shock caused by this sudden putting into gear would render the whole
apparatus loose, but before the roller has left its recess about half way, the pawl e
comes against the tooth 4, which forces the cam, and consequently the shaft o, to
take a uniform motion (see Figure 3). When the speed of the shaft o and the
wheel a has become the same, the spring ; which presses the arm h against the
roller d' tends to make the roller d enter its recess on the cam instead of leaving
it halfway, and when this action is completed the pawl è no longer bears against
its ratchet tooth 4 (see Figure 4).
Over this ratchet tooth 4 is placed radially a rigid iron rod 8* which forms a
guide for a light ball f which is drawn inwards towards the centre by a spring g;
this ball fis connected to the pawl e by a light connecting rod e¹.
It will be understood that by this arrangement the centrifugal force produced by
the rotation causes the ball to move away from the centre so as to raise the
pawl e above the ratchet tooth 4 which is indispensable when the machine is
running because if the pawl remained in gear with its tooth 4, the arrangement
could not be thrown out of gear. It also follows that when an ordinary stoppage
takes place the centrifugal force ceases and the pawl again falls into place ready
for a fresh start.
There remains another condition to fulfil, namely that the arrangement being
disengaged, and the machine stopped, but the flywheel continuing its rotation, a.
time arrives when the centrifugal force having no longer command of the pawl e
the latter would come again into contact with the ratchet tooth. This incon-
venience is avoided by an arrangement which forces this device to follow the
double arm c in its ascension, which ascension is obtained and assured by the
eccentricity of the cam b which is sufficient to force the roller d' into the stopping
recess of the arm h.
When an accidental increase of weight is produced the aforesaid cam bis
retarded, and the roller d leaves its recess in the said cam. The connection
between the flywheel. a and the said cam is thus broken, and consequently the
shaft o is stopped instantly.
When the apparatus is applied to a Jacquard it is arranged as follows:-
The double arm c (Figure 6) similar to that before mentioned, is prolonged
beyond the axis of the roller d', and thus forms of itself a curve which diverges
froin the centre of the wheel, and comes against a roller r mounted on an arm k
which would constantly occupy the stopping position (being drawn towards it by
a spring ) if it were not prevented by a bell crank all one of the arms of which
hold it by means of the stop r¹, a connecting rod a connects the bell crank a¹¹l
with the bell crank a¹ on each side of the Jacquard, a feeler needle e" is placed
below the bell crank a¹. If the card is displaced on the cylinder the feeler needle
does not enter its hole and causes the bell cranks a¹, a to turn on their fulcra, as
shown in Figures 8 and 9, thus leaving free the arm, the roller r of which coming
against the double arın c causes it also to turn on its fulcrum, raising the roller d
out of its recess in the cam b, and thus causes the stoppage.
Figures 7, 8 and 9 show how the throwing out of gear is effected in the case of
the cards coming unlaced or the laces broken.
This action is effected by very simple means:-
A light cylinder of wood, tinned sheet iron, or other suitable material x rests
upon the sheet of cards coming from the "railroad" to the cylinder of the Jacquard.
This roller x is hung on two armis l, it has a tendency to enter the line of cards by
the position of the axes y of the two arms ; each of these arms carries a hinged
sheet iron blade or plate r² (Figures 6, 7, 8 and 9) which rests on the cylinder.

page_text: When the sheet of cards holds the roller out of the vertical the sheet iron blade r²
does not cover the hole in the card which the feeler or disengaging needle e¹ has to
pass into; but if the sheet of cards is broken the roller x enters into, or approaches
the vertical line, the sheet iron blade or plate 2 covers the hole forming an
obstacle which prevents the needle from passing into its hole and the whole
apparatus then operates as above described (see Figure 9); instead of the roller x
and the arms l' springs or other devices may be used for moving the blade or
plate 2
apparatus then operates as above described (see Figure 9); instead of the roller x
and the arms l' springs or other devices may be used for moving the blade or
plate 22
EXPLANATION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is the front view of the flywheel of the disengaging apparatus when
the machine is in normal motion.
Figure 2 is the corresponding side view.
Figure 3 shows the position of the parts when the machine is set in motion
by suddenly setting on the driving strap. The shock tends to cause the roller & to
come out of its driving recess in the cam b. The pawl e then comes against the
tooth 4 and opposes the further lifting of the roller d. The whole soon retakes the
position shown in Figures 1 and 4 under the action of the spring.
Figure 4 shows the normal position of the disengaging parts when rotating.
The centrifugal force acts on the mass f (Figure 1) which raises the pawl e in order
to render it inoperative.
Figure 5 shows the position of the parts when stopped from any cause whatever.
The roller d, raised by the cam 6 has forced the opposite roller d¹ into the second
recess in the arm h. Figure 6 is an elevation of the parts of the Jacquard which
effect the instantaneous stoppage.
Figure 7 shows the Jacquard during the normal working. The needle el passes
into its hole and leaves at rest the bell crank a¹ above it, and consequently the
stopping arm k.
Figure 8 shows the position the parts take when the needle is raised by the
displacement of a card. The bell crank a' is raised, the connecting rod a" causes
the second bell crank a¹¹¹ to turn on its fulcrum, the stop 1 is liberated and the
arm k, drawn by the spring 2, comes to bear against the double arm c (see the
dotted lines in Figure 6).
Finally in Figure 9 the parts are shown in the position which results from an
unlacing or breakage of the lace of the cards. The roller x by reason of its mode
of suspension at y, oscillates towards the vertical, the blade or plate 2 is introduced
under the needle e" which raises the bell crank a³ and produces the same action as
that described in reference to Figure 8.
The
Figures 10 and 11 show a modification of the disengaging apparatus in which
the arm of Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 is replaced by an arm furnished with
regulating screws h¹ in place of recesses or notches. The rise or fall of these
screws, against which the roller d (which is regulated in the lever c by the
screw ) comes to bear, modifies the resistance of the apparatus in the same manner
as the greater or lesser depth of the recesses in the arm h of Figures 1 to 6.
spiral spring j of Figures 1, 2 and 6 is replaced by a spring j turning at 2 on the
same axis as the arm h. This spring is brought into tension by means of the
screw and bears at its opposite end on the roller r of the arm k centred at k¹. It
will be understood that if the arm k takes the position shown in dotted lines the
spring will be relaxed, and the apparatus will thus be disengaged. This condition
corresponds to the absence of cards in the Jacquard.
According to these arrangements the working of the Jacquard effects the
stoppage of the loom at the instant that the needles act, without the intervention
of the Jacquard pumps of tulle looms or that of the lifting bars (griffes) or gratings
(grilles) which take the hooks of the Jacquard needles employed in weaving. This
distinction is of great importance in the sense that the arrangements for this
purpose hereinbefore described act before the pumps or gratings (grilles) have

page_text: ted, the effect of which is to prevent the accident before it has damaged the
e.
aving now described the nature of the said invention and the manner in which
ame is to or may be carried into effect I would have it understood that what
im as the invention to be secured by the within in part recited Letters
nt is
In machinery driven by straps or belts, making the flywheel and driving
pulley loose on the shaft, and connecting them therewith by the engaging
and disengaging mechanism hereinbefore described, and illustrated in
Figures 1 and 2 of the drawings hereto annexed, or any mere modification
thereof.
nd. In disengaging apparatus of the kind shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6
the employment of a pawl acting upon a ratchet tooth for the purpose of
assuring the starting of the machine, however suddenly the setting on of
the strap, belt, or other driving device may be effected, substantially as
herein before described, and illustrated in the drawings.
d. In disengaging apparatus of the kind shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6,
the employment of centrifugal force, for holding out of action, whilst the
rotation continues, the pawl or other device necessary to effect the starting
of the machine, and for acting on such automatic disengaging gear applied
to machines driven by straps or belts, substantially as herein before described,
and illustrated in the drawings.
rth. The application and use of the action of the Jacquard for effecting a
stoppage of the machine immediately the action of the needles determines
that such stoppage shall take place, without the intervention of the Jacquard
pumps of tulle looms, or that of lifting-bars (griffes) or gratings (grilles)
which take the hooks of the Jacquard needles employed in weaving,
substantially as herein before described, and illustrated in the drawings, and
for the purpose specified.
h. The arrangements whereby a blade or plate of metal or other suitable
material, is introduced automatically below the needle so, as to cover the
hole which the said needle would otherwise pass into, such automatic
introduction of the blade or plate, being effected by a pressing roller, springs
or otherwise, the whole substantially as hereinbefore described, and for the
purpose specified.
n witness whereof, I, the said William Henry Beck have hereunto set my
d and seal this twentieth day of September in the year of our Lord One thousand
at hundred and eighty three.
WUTT DROK