IMPROVEMENTS IN THE JOINTS OF PIPES OR TUBES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Hunter Henry Murdoch, of No. 7, Staple Inn,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention of
“IMPROVEMENTS IN THE JOINTS OF PIPES OR TUBES."-A communication
from abroad by Alfred Hoyois, of Clabecq, in the Kingdom of
Belgium, Civil Engineer.
Sealed the 26th November 1875, and dated the 7th June 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Hunter Henry Murdoch
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 7th June 1875.
I, HUNTER HENRY MURDOCH, of No. 7, Staple Inn, in the County
5 of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE JOINTS OF PIPES OR TUBES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the joints of pipes or tubes
where india-rubber is used as a means of making the joint tight, and
the said Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described,
by which the said india-rubber is enclosed so as to be preserved from

page_text: the injurious effects of the air or damp, and the pressure in the said
pipes or tubes acts to compress it so as to render the joints perfectly
tight and impervious.
According to this Invention around each end of the pipes or tubes to
be joined together is formed a projecting annular flange or rib of
rectangular section. Upon and around each of the said flanges or ribs
is placed a ring or band of india-rubber, by preference of rectangular
section, and upon the said rings or bands of india-rubber is placed a
cast-iron collar or belt, the edges of which turn inwards so as to form
annular projections or ribs around, each of the edges of the said collar
or belt. When placed in position upon the pipe ends and over the
india-rubber rings the said collar or belt presses upon the india-rubber
ring, and the projecting sides of the said collar take on to and partially
cover the outer sides of the annular flanges on the pipe ends, thus
enclosing the india-rubber rings and joining the pipes together. The
effect of this arrangement is that the pressure from within the pipes
compresses the india-rubber rings against the sides of the collar,
and the joint becomes tighter or more impervious as the said pressure
increases.
If preferred a single india-rubber band or ring covering the tops of
both the flanges on the pipe ends may be substituted for the two india-
rubber rings herein-before described.
Each of the cast-iron collars herein-before described is made in two
halves, having upon their ends projecting lugs or flanges, through
which pass suitable bolts, by which they are connected together. In
each end of the said half collars there is a depression or cavity, forming
together when the two half collars are united a box or chamber, in
which'a piece or block of india-rubber is inserted and compressed when
the two half collars are bolted together. The object of this arrangement
is to close the open space left between the two india-rubber rings, and
when only one ring or band is used to prevent injury to it when the two
half collars are bolted together.
Another arrangement according to this Invention consists in forming
the flanges or ribs on the pipes at a little distance from their ends, so as
to leave upon the ends of two pipes placed together end to end a small
part, having the normal diameter of the pipes between the two flanges.
Upon the pipe ends thus formed and between the two flanges is placed

page_text: a band or ring of india-rubber, and the enclosing cast-iron collar in
this case is formed with two grooves or depressions, which take on to
flanges of the pipes and secure the pipes together, whilst the middle
part of the said collar enters between the said flanges and compresses
the india-rubber.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Hunter Henry Murdoch in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 7th December 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HUNTER
HENRY MURDOCH, of No. 7, Staple Inn, in the County of Middlesex,.
Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of June, in the year of:
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Hunter Henry Murdoch, Her special
license that I, the said Hunter Henry Murdoch, my executors, adminis->
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Hunter Henry,
Murdoch, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE JOINTS OF PIPES OR TUBES," a communication to me.
from abroad by Alfred Hoyois, of Clabecq, in the Kingdom of Belgium,
Civil Engineer, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Hunter Henry Murdoch, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Hunter Henry Murdoch, do hereby.
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the samė
:

page_text: when only one ring or band is used to prevent injury to it when the two
half collars are bolted together.
Another arrangement according to this Invention consists in forming
the flanges or ribs on the pipes at a little distance from their ends, so as
to leave upon the ends of two pipes placed together end to end a small
part, having the normal diameter of the pipes between the two flanges.
Upon the pipe ends thus formed and between the two flanges is placed a
band or ring of india-rubber, and the enclosing cast-iron collar in this
case is formed with two grooves or depressions, which take on to the
flanges of the pipes and secure the pipes together, whilst the middle part
of the said collar enters between the said flanges and compresses the
india-rubber.
Having explained the nature of the Invention, I will proceed to
describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings the manner in
which the same may be performed.
Figure 1 represents a longitudinal elevation, partly in section, of parts
of two pipes joined together according to this Invention; Figure 2 is an
end view of the same, partly in section.
Figure 3 is a sectional plan of parts of the pipes showing the arrange-
ment of the confining collar or belt.
a, a', are the two pipes. Upon the ends of each of the said pipes is
formed a projecting annular flange or rib b, 6¹, and upon and around
each of the said annular flanges or ribs 6, 61, is placed a band or ring of
vulcanized india-rubber c, c¹. Upon the said india-rubber rings or
bands c, c¹, is placed a cast-iron collar or belt d, d. The said collar or
belt is made in two halves d and d', having outwardly upon their free
ends projecting lugs or flanges ƒ, ƒ,ƒ', f', through which pass suitable
bolts e, by which the two halves of the collar or belt d, d³, are fastened
together. The edges of the said belt or collar turn inwards, so as to
form annular projections or flanges d³, d². When the belt or collar d, d',
is placed in position on the pipe ends and over the india-rubber rings c, c²,
it presses upon the said rings, and its flanges d², d³, take on to and
partially cover the outer sides of the annular flanges or ribs 6, 6', of the
pipes a, a¹, thus enclosing the india-rubber rings and joining the pipes
together. In each of the free ends of the half belts or collars d, d³, is
made a depression or cavity, which depressions or cavities form together
when the said half belts or collars are united a box or chamber, in

page_text: which a piece or block of india-rubber 9 is inserted and compressed
when the two half collars are bolted together, the object of this
arrangement being to close the open space between the india-rubber
rings c, c¹.
Figure 4 represents in longitudinal elevation, partly in section, the
ends of two pipes joined together according to a modification of this
Invention, in which a single ring of india-rubber c is substituted for the
two india-rubber rings c, c¹, represented in Figures 1, 2, and 3. Figure 5
is an end view of Figure 4, partly in section.
In Figures 4 and 5 the pipes a, a¹, the annular flanges b, b', the belt
or collar d, d¹, and other parts, excepting the india-rubber ring c, being
similar in every respect to those herein-before described with reference
to Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the accompanying Drawings, and being marked
with the same letters of reference, a detailed description of them will
not be necessary.
It will be seen that the single india-rubber ring c represented in
Figures 4 and 5 covers the two flanges b, b', and the space between
them, and is compressed and enclosed by the belt or collar d, d¹. The
india-rubber block g in this case is used to prevent injury to the ring c
when the two half collars d, d¹, are bolted together.
Figure 6 represents in longitudinal section parts of two pipes joined
together, according to another modification of this Invention.
a, a', are the two pipes, the annular flanges or ribs 6, 61, on which
are formed a little behind the ends of the said pipes. Upon the pipe
ends and between the two flanges or ribs b, 61, is placed a band or ring
of india-rubber. c, d, is the enclosing cast-iron collar, which is formed
with two grooves or depressions taking on to the flanges or ribs b, b', as
represented. The middle part of the collar d enters between the flanges
or ribs b, b¹, and compresses the india-rubber ring c.
In other respects
the collar d is constructed and arranged as herein-before described with
reference to the collar d, d², Figures 1, 2, and 3.
Having now described the nature of the Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I claim as the said Invention of
improvements in the joints of pipes and tubes,-
Firstly. Forming upon the pipe ends flanges or ribs by preference of a
rectangular section, and placing upon each of the said flanges or ribs or

page_text: upon the two together a ring or band of india-rubber, and upon the
said ring or band a confining belt or collar having projecting flanges or
edges upon each side, so as to embrace the outer sides of the flanges on
the pipe ends and support the india-rubber ring or rings when submitted
to pressure essentially as herein-before described and illustrated in
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of the accompanying Drawings. Also forming
the said flanges or ribs on the pipes a little in the rear of the ends of
the pipes and placing the india-rubber ring or band upon the pipe ends
between the said flanges, and securing the whole together by means of
a confining collar essentially as herein-before described with reference
to Figure 6 of the accompanying Drawings.
.
Secondly. The india-rubber blocks 9 inserted in depressions formed in
the free ends of the confining collar, essentially as described and
represented and for the purposes set forth.
In witness whercof, I, the said Hunter Henry Murdoch, have here-
unto set my hand and scal, this Sixth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.
Witness,
W. T. WHITEMAN.
H. H. MURDOCH. (L.S.)