IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS, SAFES, AND RECEIVING BOXES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Chatwood, of No. 120, Cannon Street, in tho
City of London, Safe and Lock Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOCKS, SAFES, AND RECEIVING BOXES."
Sealed the 15th September 1877, and dated the 22nd March 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Chatwood at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd March 1877.
Samuel Chatwood, of No. 120, Cannon Street, in the City of London, Safe and
Lock Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS, SAFES, AND RECEIVING BOXES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in locks, safes, and receiving
boxes.
One part of my Invention consists of improvements in combination or dial locks,
and is as follows:-In this lock there are a series of spindles, having dials, on which
are engraved numbers, letters of the alphabet, or other signs, the security of the
lock depending upon the combination of a certain number of these signs, letters,
or figures being brought into a certain fixed position, at which time and only then
the lock can be unlocked; this is effected by means of either a knob, or key, or
some convenient arrangement fitted to the outside of the door. The spindles may
be placed in any convenient position either in line, circle, or otherwise.
The internal arrangement is as follows:-I sometimes place at equidistant points
in the circumference of a circle struck from the centre of the lock plate (which is
circular), a number of capstan-header cylinders, their axes being at right angles to
the plane of the plate, and so secured to the lock plate that they are quite free to
evolve in one direction under the influence of the knob or other contrivance on
the outside of the door, and at the same time are securely held fast in an up-and-
down direction by means of a sunk socket in the lock plate and loose flange screwed
into the under side of the cylinder.
The enlarged diameter of the cylinder or the head is notched on the periphery
with a number of irregular notches or curved indentations, no two of these being
of the same depth. In these notches there works a circular pin fixeri at right
angles to a horizontal lever placed over the top of the cylinder and working off a
pivot at one end; the pin is not rigidly connected to the lever, but in the ordinary

page_text: course of affairs they work together as one piece; if however any undue pressure
is in any way brought to bear upon the lever, the two separate being connected
together by a light spring only, thus the pin can rise and fall up and down in the
notches as the cylinder is turned round without in any way influencing the lever
itself. If however the lever is free to move with the pin, the lever upon turning 5
the cylinder round works from its pivot backwards and forwards over the head or
top of the cylinder. The pin which works in the indentation in the cylinder head
is held up to its place by a spring separate and distinct from that which holds the
lever and pin together.
In the exterior end of the lever, that is, the end farthest removed from the pivot,
there is provided a slot running from the outside towards the pivot which just
allows the passage of a flattened pin or stump fixed in a ring which works off the
centre of the lock plate, and above the levers the centres of the cylinders being also
the centres of all the stumps in the ring, and there is one stump for each cylinder.
These stumps are double edged on the front edge, that is, the edge turning towards
the levers, the other edge being chainferred off on either side after the fashion of a
cold iron chisel; in other words, the two edges of the stumps are complements of
one another, the double edge on the one side being exactly of the opposite character
to the single edge on the other side. The front edge of the lever, or that against
which the stump acts, is also toothed to the saune pitch as the double edge on the
stump, so that it the stump ring or the ring carrying the stumps be turned so as
to feel for the slot or gating previously mentioned in the edge of the lever, the
stump enters one of these teeth on the front edge of the lever and holds the lever
stationary, at the same time allowing of the rotation of the knob outside and the
cylinder inside without giving any indication to the operator as to the position of
the stump and lever inside the lock. If, however, such force is used as would
endanger the safety of the mechanisin of the lock, before this could be brought to
bear the extra pressure removes the stumps away from the levers and throws any
further pressure upon a fixed portion of the lock plate. This is accomplished in
the following way-Underneath the stump ring previously mentioned, and slightly
removed from it, there works a horizontal circular plate of a diameter sufficiently
small to allow it to clear the sides of the cylinders on this plate, and at the outside
edge of it is fitted an equal armed bell crank carrying a detent pivotted to it at
one end. This detent always tends to spring in so as to keep within the periphery
of the circular plate, but is kept in position by a pin passing down from the stump
ring into a small notch in the back part of the detent. The opposite arin of the
bell crank takes on to a light link, which in its turn is fitted to a pin situated in
balf way in one of the arins of the stump ring between the centre line of the stumps
and the centre of motion of the ring itself; now as the arc described by the outer
armn of the bell crank carrying the detent is equal to that described by the centre
of the stumps on the ring, and as this motion is carried by the bell crank and link
to the pivot situated half way between the stumps and centre of motion, while the
plate under the stump ring travels a certain distance in a direction, the stump ring
will travel half that distance in the opposite direction, that is, supposing that the
detent on the bell crank has engaged with its fixed stump on the lock plate; if
however, sufficient pressure has not been applied to cause the detent to be thrown
out, then the circular plate carrying the bell crank, detent, &c., and the stump ring
move together as one piece, and if the slots in the edge of the lever are in position
the stumps in the ring pass into them and thus allow a slot or rectangular gar
formed in the circular plate under the stump ring to come into such a position tha
a bur can be shot up into the slot aforesaid, and thus unlock the door or other
structure on which the lock inay be placed.
When necessary to renew the combination of letters or signs the door is opened
and a key of suitable form introduced into an opening in the cup of the lock
passing down through the centre of the cylinder situated directly under it unti
it meets with the top of the releasing clutch, which on being depressed releases
the knob on the outside from the cylinder inside, and thus allows of any required

page_text: alteration of combination; on the key being withdrawn the clutch again leaves all
fast and ready for locking.
Instead of using a flexible or compound lever as previously described, the lever
and pin working in the cylinder head may be all in one piece and the stump loose;
this is arranged by fitting the stump of the same shape as before on a small arm
pivotted on the stump ring and held to its post by a light spring; it will be seen
that in either case the rigid connection between the knob or key and the lever
inside is entirely done away with, and any attempt to feel the gating is rendered
futile.
The centre circular plate and stump ring can have their motion (when the levers
are in proper position) given to them by a separate small knob on the outside of
the door and situated in the centre of the cylinder knobs, this knob being provided
with a safety click to prevent more than a pre-adjusted pressure being put upon
the sump ring or levers, the click acting and allowing the knob to move round if
this pressure is exceeded.
Another modification is to introduce a separate lever lock into the lock as above
described, and to turn the stump ring and circular plate by a pin fixed in the bolt
of the lever lock and working in a diagonal slot in the circular plate. Thus, after
the combination is adjusted properly, the key is put in and the unlocking at once
takes place by the pin in the bolt shifting round the circular plate and its appur-
tenances; I sometimes, instead of placing the cylinders around a centre, place thein
in such positions that the limbs having the gatings will engage with the stumps
carried by a sliding plate instead of tho circular ring.
Another part of my Invention also relates to locks known as lever locks, and
consists of inaking the levers in two parts, so that the gating may be contained in
one part while the key acts upon the other. In order to prevent pressure applied to
the fever through the main stump being felt, the levers are so arranged that while
the lock is acted upon by its own key they will act rigidly, but be flexible on false
pressure being applied by any other instrument.
Another part of my Invention consists of improvements in the class of spring
locks. One of the objects aimed at in constructing this lock is to avoid the shock
and consequent strain and shake to doors on which it is usual at present to fix
spring bolt locks; as these spring bolt locks have to be made of considerable size,
from considerations of strength and appearance, it is necessary to provide them
with a correspondingly strong spring to shoot them out when released, and the
increased resistance of the spring necessitates a very heavy blow being given on
the bevil of the bolt upon shutting the door in order to overcome the spring and
drive the bolt in.
In this lock the main bolt or bolts which serves the double purpose of the
ordinary spring bolt, and also the locking bolt, or that actuated by the key in other
locks is of the square ended type, being the saine in outside appearance as the
ordinary locking bolt; when the door is standing open this bolt is always thrown
in or in the enclosed position, and it is retained in this position while the door is
open by means of a vibrating lever or detent working either in the horizontal,
inclined, or vertical position, and having one of its ends fitted to a pivot on the fore
end of the lock or other convenient position, the other end being reduced or rounded
to a portion of a circle struck from the aforesaid centre. Upon the curved or
rounded end of this lever or detent works a stump or pin fitted into the main bolt
of the lock, and which is kept driven against it by the main bolt spring.
Motion is given to the vibrating detent in the following way: In the fore end,
either above or below the main bolt, is fitted a small spring bolt sliding parallel to
the main bolt, and having the side bevelled in the usual way to allow of it being
driven in by coming against the solid part of the striking plate when closing the
door. In the upper or under side, as the case inay be, of this small bolt is fitted
a circular stump, which works in an angular slot or groove in the adjacent side of
the vibrating detent. The angle the groove or slot makes with the direction of
motion of the small bolt, being proportioned to the amount of travel or vibration

page_text: required in the detent, the rounded or curved end of the lever is made of such
length that when the small spring bolt is pushed quite home, so that its end is
flush with the fore end of the lock, the end of the lever or detent has traversed a
space sufficient to remove it out of the way of the stump previously mentioned
which is fitted in the main bolt of the lock, and the main bolt is at once thrown
out by its own spring, thus securing the door.
The space at the back end of the main bolt, left vacant by the end of the bolt
shifting forwards, an amount equal to the throw of the bolt is now filled up by
shooting the bolt of a sinall lock into it sideways. The bolt of the small lock
working at right angles to that of the main bolt, any pressure brought to bear on
the end of the main bolt inerely tends to compress the bolt of the small lock.
without in any way putting a strain on its internal mechanism. By using a small
lock of the form described for locking out the big bolt the size of the key is
greatly reduced and rendered more portable.
In the case of swinging doors the small spring bolt is inade double sided, that is,
it is bevelled both ways to allow of its being driven in from whichever side the
door inay be closing. In all cases the main bolt is brought back by a trundle or
knob on the outside.
Another modification of the lock is as follows:- Instead of having the small
spring bolt which works the vibrating lever, as described in the previous arrange-
ment, the bolt is made to have a vertical up-and-down notion, something after the
style of a common drop latch, and a stud fixed on one side or edge of this latch bolt
engages with a notch in the adjacent side or edge of the main bolt. When the latch
is up (supposing it to be placed above the main bolt) the main bol is released and
flys out, the stud on the latch bolt being out of the notch on the main bolt; but
when the latch is down the stud on the latch bolt engages the notch on the main
bolt and holds it in the position of unlocked until the latch is again raised by the
closing of the door.
The striking plate is of course so constructed as to facilitate the movement of the
latch bolt, and for swinging doors the plate is bevelled both ways in order to allow
of closing on either side.
Another modification of the arrangement is as follows:-The vibrating lever
mentioned in the former construction is pivotted as before on or near the fore end
of the lock, and the inner or curved ends act as before against a stump or projection
on the inain bolt. The lever however in this case is continued on the other side of
the pivot, and projects for a certain distance through the fore end of the lock. Upon
closing the door this projecting portion of the lever comes in contact with the
striking plate, and is pushed by it on one side, the other or inner curved end of the
lever is thus shifted in the opposite direction, and eventually releases the main bolt,
which is shot out as before. A spring is provided, which acts upon the lever in such
a way as to keep the projecting part always up until shifted over.
This arrange-
inent does away with the secondary spring bolt, which in the previous case acts on
the lever to effect the releasing of the main bolt.
The general arrangement for a carriage door is the same as that for the modifi-
cation already described, only the follow or lever for withdrawing the main bolt I
prefer to arrange as to have one-quarter revolution in its position from locked to
unlocked, and the follow when in position of locked lies with its length parallel to
the direction of notion of the bolt, and therefore prevents the movement of the bolt
by any pressure that may be applied to the end of it, in other words, the follow is
directly on the centre," and therefore cannot be inoved by any pressure applied
through the bolt, but only by turning the handle or other contrivance on the out-
side. This arrangement of the follow holds of course in the case of either of the
previously described modifications.
"
I sometimes introduce a simple arrangement at the back of the main bolts in
order to lock the door without having recourse to a separate lock in some other part
of the door for the purpose, as is usual.
Another part of iny Invention consists of an improved construction and applica-|

page_text: tion of the bolt work to safes or strong-room doors.
The improvement consists in
so arranging the internal mechanism of the bolt work on the safe or strong-
room door that the whole of it, both lock and bolt work, can be fitted into
the lock, case, or chamber, as the case may be, in the same way as ordinary
mortice locks, at the same time preserving the strength of the whole un-
impaired. Firstly, I fix firmly to the door itself a strong rigid box, of a form
suitable for the arrangement of the bolt work, leaving this box open along the
front or opening edge of the box. At the top and bottom of this opening (its
longest dimension standing vertically), so arrange the metal in the box as to
leave suitable palms or facos to which I secure the fore end of the internal
lock work. This fore end has a flange formed on its outer edge parallel to the
plane of the door, and which when the fore end is in place comes up against the
inner face of the door itself, and is firmly screwed to it, so as practically to be solid
with the door when locked. This flange is also continued for a short distance from
the inside face of the fore ond into the box before mentioned, its depth being small
and in proportion to the size of the other details of the arrangement. Its length,
and that of the outer securing flange, is equal to the entire length of the opening in
the front edge of the box, and along its inner edge are a number of notches, so
placod and of such a depth that a corresponding number of hended studs can be slid
into them, the heads standing of course above the flange and holding it down in
placo. On the upper edge of this fore end, and parallel with the last-mentioned
Hange, there is another running as before the whole length of the box, and to this is
secured the plate carrying the lock and bolt work complete. The spindle for carry-
ing the bolts is secured to the door, on the outside, by moans of a rose or escutcheon
plato, as it is ovident that the spindle cannot be introduced into the lock work until
the lock itself is finally in place.
The lock, case, or chamber used with this construction of lock work may either
be of the solid flange description, or it may be a modification of this,made by bending
an entire plate so as to forin the door chamber and a light solid flange at the same
time. In this case of course the front part of the casing must be cut away in order
to allow of the fore end coming through it and forming a fair flush surface on the
front edge.
Another part of my Invention consists of an improved receiving or collecting box,
as follows:-The box itself consists principally of two parts, the receiving box or
pocket, an 1 the retaining box, into which latter all articles placed in the receiving
box are deposited before the receiver can be again used for the introduction of any
further inatter. It is also impossible to withdraw anything once deposited in the.
retaining box until it is unlocked and opened by the owner or other responsible.
person, whose place it is to remove the contents deposited in it through the means.
of the receiving box, as before mentioned.
The receiving box or pocket is situated inside the outer casing, preferably at the
top of the apparatus, and the retaining box underneath it. The outer casing or
shell is cylindrical in form, and the receiving box or pocket has a rotatory motion,
preferably parallel to the plane of the top or bottom of the cylinder. Rotation
takes place from a centre or pivot fixed in the geometrical centre of the cylinder, or
some other convenient position. This pocket or box is constructed with four faces
only, namely, top, back, and two sides, the front and bottom being left out; the
front of the box is that side which is turned outwards towards the outer casing. In
the outer casing, at some convenient place, is forined an aperture, equal in dimensions
to the open front of the box or pocket.
The bottom of the pocket or box is formed by a fixed diaphragın plate, over which
slides with a slight clearance the lower edges of the two sides and the back. Any-
thing therefore placed in the pocket or box rests on the plate, and when rotation
cominences is pushed by the surrounding sides along the fixed diaphragm plate. In
this plate, at any convenient point, preferable at the distance of half a revolution from
the opening in the outer shell, before mentioned, an aperture is formed of the same
dimensions as the open space formed between the two sides, back, and imaginary

page_text: front line of the box. When therefore, any article placed in the pocket or box
arrives at this point it falls through this aperture into the collecting or retaining box
situated beneath it. This lower box is provided with a separate small door, through
which, when opened by the proper parties, the contents are withdrawn. It is there-
fore evident that by turning the receiving box or pocket one half revolution from
the position of putting in, anything placed in it is deposited in the lower.
The outer opening in the casing of the apparatus through which the deposits are
made in the receiving box is provided with a small door, which is so hung that
while it is open the pocket or box is held stationary, being incapable of revolution
until it is fully closed. When this small door is closed and revolution commenced
the door is immediately locked and held fast in that position until the pocket or box
again arrives opposite the external aperture, when the door may now be opened.
The pocket does not make a complete revolution in the act of depositing in the
retaining box, but moves half a revolution and back again, and when once noved
from the position for putting in, the half revolution forward and back again unust
bo completed, dópositing the article before the putting in position can again be
arrived at or the small door opened. This is contrived by using one or more pawls
working on a seginental rack carried by the receiving box or pocket, or vice versa,
and which are arranged so as to change their direction at the completion of each
half revolution of the pocket, thus allowing of rotation taking place in the opposite
direction to that in which the parts were previously noving.
The locking of the small door is accomplished by means of a falling edge or flange
on the lower side of the rack, passing through a slot formed in a stud or projection
on the inside face of the door.
To prevent the deposits already placed in the retaining box being abstracted by
inverting the apparatus (as is possible in some of the receiving boxes at present in
use) two or more weighted dotents are used, so that if the box is thrown out of the
vertical any considerable degree, they at once act and prevent any motion being
given to the revolving pocket in either direction, and as the planes of action of theso
detents are at right angles to one another, one of them must always be fully acting
should the other be gagged by being placed on its sido, in which position of course
the weight cannot act.
The upper portion of the apparatus is inade separate from the lower, and fitted to
it by means of a sort of bayonet joint so arranged that when the upper part is
placed and twisted round so as to engage the under side of the studs in the lower
part, a small lock shoots its bolts up between the adjacent studs, one on the top
and the other on the bottoin part,and thereby secures the two portions of the apparatus
firmly together without throwing any strain on the interior mechanism of the small
lock itself.
The retaining box can be cleared, either by removing the upper part containing
the receiving apparatus, or by opening a small door provided in the lower portion
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Samuel Chatwood in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 22nd Sep-
tember 1877.
SAMUEL CHATWOOD, of No. 120, Cannon Street, in the City of London, Safe and
Lock Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS, SAFES, AND RECEIVING BOXES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in locks, safes, and receiving
boxes.
One part of my Invention consists of improvements in combination or dial locks,
and is as follows: -In this lock there is a series of spindles having dials, on which
are engraved numbers, letters of the alphabet, or other signs, the security of the lock

page_text: depending upon the combination of a certain number of these signs, letters, or
Figures being brought into a certain fixed position, at which time, and only then,
the lock can be unlocked; this is effected by means of either a knob or key, or some
convenient arrangement fitted to the outside of the door. The spindles may be
placed in any convenient position, either in line, circle, or otherwise.
The internal arrangement is as follows:-I sometimes place at equidistant points
in the circumference of a circle struck from the centre of the lock plate (which is
circular) a number of capstan-headed cylinders, their axes being at right angles to
the plane of the plate, and so secured to the lock plate that they are quite free to
revolve in one direction under the influence of the knob or other contrivance on the
outside of the door, and at the same time are securely held fast in an up-and-down
direction by means of a sunk socket in the lock plate and loose flanges screwed into
the under side of the cylinder.
The enlarged diameter of the cylinder or the head is notched on the periphery
with a number of irregular notches or curved indentations, no two of these being
of the same depth. In these notches there works a circular pin fixed at right
angles to a horizontal lever placed over the top of the cylinder, and working off a
pivot at one end; the pin is not rigidly connected to the lever, but in the ordinary
course of affairs they work together as one piece; if however any undue pressure is
in any way brought to bear upon the lever, the two separate being connected
together by a light spring only, thus the pin can rise and fall up and down in the
notches as the cylindor is turned round without in any way influencing the lever
itself. If however the lever is free to move with the pin, the lever upon turning
the cylinder round works from its pivot backwards and forwards over the head or
top of the cylinder. The pin which works in the indentation in the cylinder head
is held up in its place by a spring separate and distinct from that which holds the
lever and pin together.
In the exterior end of the lever, that is, the end farthest removed from the pivot,
there is provided a slot running from the outside towards the pivot, which just allows
the passage of a flattened pir or stump fixed in a ring, which works off the centre
of the lock plate and above the levers, the centres of the cylinders being also the
centres of all the stumps in the ring, and there is one stump for each cylinder.
These stumps are double edged on the front edge, that is, the edge turning towards
the levers, the other edge being chamfered off on either side after the fashion of a
cold iron chisel; in other words, the two edges of the stumps are compliments of
one another, the double edge on the one side being exactly of the opposite character
to the single edge on the other side. The front edge of the lever, or that against
which the stump acts, is also toothed to the same pitch as the double edge on the
stump, so that if the stump ring, or the ring carrying the stumps be turned so as to
feel for the slot or gating previously mentioned in the edge of the lever, the stump
enters one of these teeth on the front edge of the lever, and holds the lever
stationary, at the same time allowing of the rotation of the knob outside and the
cylinder inside without giving any indication to the operator as to the position of
the stump and lever inside the lock. If however such force is used as would
endanger the safety of the mechanism of the lock, before this could be brought to
bear, the extra pressure removes the stumps away from the levers, and throws any
further pressure upon a fixed portion of the lock plate. This is accomplished in the
following way-Underneath the stump ring previously mentioned, and slightly
removed from it, there works a horizontal circular plate of a diameter sufficiently
small to allow it to clear the sides of the cylinders on this plate, and at the outside
edge of it, is fitted an equal armed bell crank carrying a detent pivotted to it at one
end. This detent always tends to spring in so as to keep within the periphery of
the circular plate, but is kept in position by a pin passing down from the stump
ring into a sinall notch in the back part of the detent. The opposite arm of the
bell crank takes on to a light link, which in its turn is fitted to a pin situated half
way in one of the arns of the stump ring, between the centre line of the stumps
and the centre of motion of the ring itself now as the arc described by the outer

page_text: arm of the bell crank carrying the detent is equal to that described by the centre of
the stumps on the ring, and as this motion is carried by the bell crank and link
to the pivot situated half way between the stumps and centre of motion, while
the plate under the stump ring travels a certain distance in a given direction
the stump ring will travel half that distance in the opposite direction, that is, t
supposing that the detent on the bell crank has engaged with its fixed stump,
on the lock plate. If however sufficient pressure has not been applied to
cause the detent to be thrown out, then the circular plate carrying the bell
crank detent, &c., and the stump ring move together as one piece, and if the
slots in the edge of the levers are in position the stumps in the ring pass into
them, and thus allow a slot or rectangular gap formed in the circular plate under
the stump ring to come into such a position that a bar can be shot up into the
slot aforesaid, and thus unlock the door or other structure on which the lock may
be placed.
When necessary to renew the combination of letters or signs, the door is opened,
and a key of suitable form introduced into an opening in the cap of the lock,
passing down through the centre of the cylinder, situated directly under it, until it
meets with the top of the releasing clutch, which on being depressed releases the
knob on the outside from the cylinder inside, and thus allows of any required
alteration of combination. On the key being withdrawn, the clutch again leaves
all fast and ready for locking.
Instead of using a flexible or compound lever as previously described, the lever
and pin working in the cylinder head may be all in one piece, and the stump loose;
this is arranged by fitting the stump, of the same shape as before, on a small arın
pivotted on the stump ring, and held to its post by a light spring; it will be seen
that in either case the rigid connection between the knob or key and the lever inside,
is entirely done away with, and any attempt to feel the gating is rendered futile.
The centre circular plate and stump ring can have their notion (when the levers
are in proper position) given to them by a separate small knob on the outside of
the door, and situated in the centre of the cylinder knobs, this knob being provided
with a safety click to prevent more than a pre-adjusted pressure being put upon the
stump ring or levers, the click acting and allowing the knob to move round if this
pressure is exceeded.
Another modification is to introduce a separate lever lock into the lock, as above
described, and to turn the stump ring and circular plate, by a pin fixed in the bolt
of the lever lock, and working in a diagonal slot in the circular plate. Thus, after
the combination is adjusted properly, the key is put in, and the unlocking at once
takes place by the pin in the bolt shifting round the circular plate and its ap-
purtenances. I sometimes, instead of placing the cylinders around a centre, place
them in such positions that the limbs having the gatings will engage with the
stumps carried by a sliding plate instead of the circular ring.
Another part of iny Invention also relates to locks known as lever locks, and
consists of making the levers in two parts, so that the gating may be contained in
one part while the key acts upon the other, in order to prevent pressure applied
to the lever through the main stump being felt. The levers are so arranged that
while the lock is acted upon by its own key they will act rigidly, but be flexible on
false pressure being applied by any other instrument.
Another part of iny Invention consists of improvements in the class of spring
locks. One of the objects aimed at in constructing this lock is to avoid the shock
and consequent strain and shake to doors on which it is usual at present to fix
spring bolt locks. As these spring bolt locks have to be made of considerable size
from considerations of strength and appearance, it is necessary to provide them
with a correspondingly strong spring to shoot out the bolt when released, and the
increased resistance of the spring necessitates a very heavy blow being given on the
bevil of the bolt upon shutting the door, in order to overcome the spring and drive
the bolt in.
of the ordinary
In this lock the main bolt or bolts which serve the double purpose

page_text: spring bolt, and also the locking bolt, or that actuated by the key in other locks
is of the square ended type, being the same in outside appearance as the ordinary
locking bolt; when the door is standing open this bolt is always thrown in or in the
unlocked position, and it is retained in this position while the door is open by
means of a vibrating lever or detent working either in the horizontal, inclined, or
vertical position, and having one of its ends fitted to a pivot on the fore end of
the lock or other convenient position, the other end being reduced or rounded to a
portion of a circle struck from the aforesaid centre. Upon the curved or rounded
end of this lever or detent works a stump or pin fitted into the main bolt of the
lock, and which is kept driven against it by the main bolt spring.
Motion is given to the vibrating detent in the following way-In the fore end,
either above or below the main bolt, is fitted a small spring bolt sliding parallel to
the main bolt, and having the side bevelled in the usual way to allow of its being
driven in by coming against the solid part of the striking plate when closing the
door. In the upper or under side, as the case may be, of this small bolt is fitted a
circular stump, which works in an angular slot or groove in the adjacent side of
the vibrating detent. The angle the groove or slot makes with the direction of
motion of the small bolt being proportioned to the amount of travel or vibration
required in the detent, the rounded or curved end of the lever is inade of such
length that when the small spring bolt is pushed quite home, so that its end is flush
with the fore end of the lock, the end of the lever or detent has traversed a space
sufficient to remove it out of the way of the stump previously mentioned, which is
fitted in the main bolt of the lock, and the main bolt is at once thrown out by its
own spring, thus securing the door.
The space at the back end of the main bolt, left vacant by the end of the bolt,
shifting forwards an amount equal to the throw of the bolt is now filled up by
shooting the bolt of a small lock into it sideways. The bolt of the small lock
working at right angles to that of the main bolt, any pressure brought to bear on the
end of the main bolt merely tends to compress the bolt of the small lock without in
any way putting a strain on its internal mechanism. By using a sinall lock of the
form described for locking out the big bolt the size of the key is greatly reduced and
rendered more portable.
In the case of swinging doors the small spring bolt is made double sided, that
is, it is bevelled both ways to allow of its being driven in trou whichever side
the door may be closing. In all cases the main bolt is brought back by a handle or
knob on the outside.
Another modification of the lock is as follows:-Instead of having the small
spring bolt which works the vibrating lever as described in the previous arrange-
ment, the bolt is made to have a vertical up-and-down motion, something after the
style of a common drop latch, and a stud fixed on one side or edge of this latch
bolt engages with a notch in the adjacent side or edge of the main bolt. When the
latch is up (supposing it to be placed above the main bolt) the main bolt is released
and flys out, the stud on the latch bolt being out of the notch on the main bolt; but
when the latch is down the stud on the latch bolt engages the notch on the main
bolt, and holds it in the position of unlocked until the latch is again raised by the
closing of the door.
The striking plate is of course so constructed as to facilitate the movement of the
latch bolt, and for swinging doors the plate is bevelled both ways in order to allow
of closing on either side.
Another modification of the arrangement is as follows:-The vibrating lever
mentioned in the former construction is pivotted as before on or near the fore end
of the lock, and the inner or curved ends act as before against a stump or projection
on the main bolt. The lever however in this case is continued on the other side of
the pivot, and projects for a certain distance through the fore end of the lock.
Upon closing the door this projecting portion of the lever comes in contact with
the striking plate, and is pushed by it on one side, the other or inner curved end of
the lever is thus shifted in the opposite direction, and eventually releases the main

page_text: This
bolt which is shot out as before. A spring is provided which acts upon the lever
in such a way as to keep the projecting part always up until shifted over.
arrangement does away with the secondary spring bolt, which in the previous case
acts on the lever to effect the releasing of the main bolt.
The general arrangement of a carriage door is the same as that for the modifi-
cation already described, only the follow or lever for withdrawing the main bolt I
prefer to arrange as to have one quarter revolution in its position from locked to
unlocked, and the follow when in position of locked lies with its length parallel to
the direction of 'motion of the bolt, and therefore prevents the movement of the bolt
by any pressure that may be applied to the end of it, in other words the follow is
directly on the centre," and therefore cannot be moved by any pressure applied
through the bolt, but only by turning the handle or other contrivance on the outside.
This arrangement of the follow holds of course in the case of either of the previously
described modifications.
I sometimes introduce a simple arrangement at the back of the main bolts, in
order to lock the door without having recourse to a separate lock in some other part
of the door for the purpose as is usual.
Another part of my Invention consists of an improved construction and application
of the bolt work to safes or strong room doors. The improvement consists in so
arranging the internal mechanisin of the bolt work on the safe or strong room door
that the whole of it, both lock and bolt work, can be fitted into the lock case or
chamber, as the case may be, in the same way as ordinary inortice locks, at the sa:ne
time preserving the strength of the whole unimpaired; firstly, I fix firmnly to the
door itself a strong rigid box of a form suitable for the arrangement of the bolt
work, leaving this box open along the front or opening edge of the door. At the
top and bottom of this opening (its longest dimension standing vertically), I so
arrange the metal in the box as to leave suitable palins or faces, to which I secure
the fore end of the internal lock work. This fore end has a flange formed on its
outer edge parallel to the plane of the door, and which when the fore end is in place
comes up against the inner face of the door itself, and is firmly screwed to it so as
practically to be solid with the door when locked. This flange is also continued
for a short distance from the inside face of the fore end into the box before mentioned,
its depth being small, and in proportion to the size of the other details of the
arrangement. Its length, and that of the outer securing flange, is equal to the
entire length of the opening in the front edge of the box, and along its inner edge
are a number of notches, so placed and of such a depth that a corresponding number
of headed studs can be slid into them, the heads standing of course above the flange
and holding it down in place. On the upper edge of this fore end, and parallel
with the last mentioned flange, there is another running as before, the whole length
of the box, and to this is secured the plate carrying the lock and bolt work
complete. The spindle for carrying the bolts is secured to the door on the outside
by means of a rose or escutcheon plate, as it is evident that the spindle cannot be
introduced into the lock work until the lock itself is finally in place.
The lock case or chamber used with this construction of lock work may either be
of the solid flange description, or it may be a modification of this made by bending
an entire plate so as to form the door chamber and a light solid flange at the saine
time; in this case of course the front part of the casing must be cut away in order to
allow of the fore end coming through it, and forming a fair flush surface on the
front edge.
Another part of my Invention consists of an improved receiving or collecting box,
as follows: The box itself consists principally of two parts, the receiving box or
pocket and the retaining box, into which latter all articles placed in the receiving
box are deposited before the receiver can be again used for the introduction of any
further matter. It is also impossible to withdraw anything once deposited in the
retaining box until it is unlocked and opened by the owner or other responsible
person whose place it is to remove the contents deposited in it through the means of
the receiving box, as before mentioned.

page_text: The receiving box or pocket is situated inside the outer casing, preferably at the
top of the apparatus, and the retaining box underneath it. The outer casing or shell
is cylindrical in form, and the receiving box or pocket has a rotatory motion profer-
ably parallel to the plane of the top or bottom of the cylinder. Rotation takes place
froin a centre or pivot fixed in the geometrical centre of the cylinder or some other
convenient position. This pocket or box is constructed with four faces only, namely,
top, back, and two sides, the front and botton being left out; the front of the box
is that side which is turned outwards towards the outer casing. In the outer casing,
at some convenient place, is formed an aporture equal in dimensions to the open front
of the box or pocket.
The bottom of the pocket or box is formed by a fixed diaphragm plate over which
slides with a slight clearance the lower edges of the two sides and the back. Any-
thing therefore placed in the pocket or box rosts on the plate, and when rotation
cominences is pushed by the surrounding sides along the fixed diaphragın plate.
In this plate at any convenient point, preferably at the distance of half a revo-
lution from the opening in the outer shell before mentioned,an aperature is formed
of the same dimensions as the open space formed between the two sides, back, and
imaginary front line of the box. When therefore any article placed in the pocket or
box arrives at this point, it falls through this aperture into the collecting or retaining
box situated beneath it. This lower box is provided with a separate sinall door
through which, when opened by the proper parties, the contents are withdrawn. It
is therefore evident that by turning the receiving box or pocket one half revolution
from the position of putting in, anything placed in it is deposited in the
lower.
The outer opening in the casing of the apparatus through which the deposits are
made in the receiving box is provided with a small door which is so hung that
while it is open the pocket or box is held stationary, being incapable of revolution
until it is fully closed. When this small door is closed and revolution commenced,
the door is immediately locked and held fast in that position until the pocket or box
ngain arrives opposite the external aperature, when the door may now be opened.
The pocket does not make a complete revolution in the act of depositing in the
retaining box but moves half a revolution and back again, and when once moved
from the position for putting in the half revolution forward and back again, must be
completed, depositing the article before the putting in position can again be arrived
at, or the small door opened. This is contrived by using one or more pawls working
on a segmental rack carried by the receiving box or pocket, or vice versa, and which
are arranged so as to change their direction at the completion of each half revolu-
tion of the pocket, thus allowing of rotation taking place in the opposite direction to
that in which the parts are previously moving.
The locking of the small door is accomplished by means of a falling edge or flange
on the lower side of the rack, passing through a slot formed in a stud or projection
on the inside face of the door.
To prevent the deposits already placed in the retaining box being abstracted by
inverting the apparatus (as is possible in some of the receiving boxes at present in
use), two or more weighted detents are used, so that if the box is thrown out of the
vertical any considerable degree,they at once act and prevent any motion being given
to the revolving pocket in either direction, and as the planes of action of these
detents are at right angles to one another, one of then must always be fully acting
should the other be gagged by being placed on its side, in which position of course
he weight cannot act.
The upper portion of the apparatus is made separate from the lower and fitted to
t by means of a sort of bayonet joint, so arranged that when the upper part is
laced and twisted round so as to engage the under side of the studs, in the lower
art, a small lock shoots its bolts up between the adjacent studs, one on the top and
he other on the bottom part, and thereby secures the two portions of the apparatus
ruly together without throwing any strain on the interior mechanism of the small
ck itself.

page_text: the receiving apparatus, or by opening a small door provided in the lower portion
for that purpose.
In order that the various parts of my Invention may be fully understood, I have
given illustrations of them in the Drawings hereunto annexed."
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 2 a plan of the combination dial
lock, arranged to lock and unlock by the movement of a central knob within the
other dial knobs.
In Figure 1A is one of the cylinders, of which there are four shown in the
Drawing; this cylinder with its releasing clutch is shown more clearly in the detail,
Figure 3; it will be noticed that the top of the cylinder is formed by a plate having
notches around its circumference, see Figure 4, these notches being so arranged
that one only is the opening notch, as will presently be shown; the lower part of
the cylinder is provided with a ratchet, as shown in the sectional plan, Figure 3
(though this ratchet can be dispensed with when requisite), the releasing clutch is
formed as follows, see Figure 6, the spindle b and plate care formed in one piece,
that is to say, they form but one piece in the cylinder, the plate c is provided with
two or more pins, the tops of which are, as will be seen, brought to a point; it is
also provided with two slots or holes d, d, through which pass the horns from the
spindle nuts, see Figure 1, E, E, thus making the connection between the door and
lock not entirely rigid; the top the spindle b, Figure 6, is fitted with a small cir-
cular nut which is screwed on to it after the clutch is in place in the cylinder.
On referring to Figure 3, the cylinder is there shown with the clutch in its
place, the cylinder being held in its place in the lock plate by the adjusting
plate, Figure 5 (see also Figure 1, which shows the cylinder in place), this adjust-
ing plate is, as will be seen, screwed on to the bottom of the cylinder, and is provided
with holes near its outer edge (the number varying according to the number of signs
or letters on the dials outside the door); into these holes the pointed pins, before men-
tioned, in the plate c enter, when they are brought opposite, being forced into their
places by the spiral spring g, Figure 3, enclosed in the interior of the body of the
cylinder, and acting between the adjusting plate and the under side of the circular
nut, fitted on the clutch spindle. It should be observed, that when the adjusting
plate is screwed tight up to the under side of the cylinder, the cylinder is not
prevented from revolving in a plane parallel to the plane of the lock plate.
Referring again to Figure 1, the arrangement can here be clearly seen with the
spindle passing through to the outer side of the door, leaving the whole quite free
to revolve in a direction opposite to that in which the teeth of the ratchet are set,
or in the direction of the arrow. When it is required to disconnect the knob on
the outside of the door from the lock cylinder inside the lock, a pointed key is pro-
vided which passes through suitable openings in the cap of the lock, and down on
to the top of the clutch spindle, when, by depressing this sufficiently, the pointed
pins in the clutch plate are pushed out from the holes in the adjusting plate on the
bottom of the cylinder, and the knob and spindle are then free to move in any
direction, either right or left, carrying with them the clutch plate with its pins; if
now, after having disconnected, the knob is turned in either direction, any greater
or lesser amount and connection is again made in this position, it is very evident
that the position of the letters on the dial has altered with respect to the position of
the notches on the cylinder cap, and by this means the combination of any one or
all of the dials can be altered to suit requirements.
On referring to Figure 2, it will be noticed that there are four limbs or levers
H, H, H, H, working off centres at I, I, &c.; these levers carry at about their
middle length, at H, H, pins which stand down and work in the notched edge of
the cylinder cap, the levers being arranged to work above the top of the cylinder.
Each of these levers, however, though apparently in one piece, is really in two

page_text: pieces, both of which work off the pivot at I; one of these pieces, viz., that marked
H, H, &c., carries two pins, one before mentioned at H, and the other at K, K, &c. ;
the remaining portion of the lever working off the pivot I is of greater length and
is furnished at M to a radius struck off the pivot I; at this point also the thickness
of the lever is considerably increased, as will be seen on referring to Figure 7
(which shows a plan and side view of the lever, with its two separate parts); the
increased thickness of the metal at the end of the lever is removed towards the
centre of the lever (that is, in the direction of its width) so as to form a slot or
gating in the end of the lever; it will also be noticed that the extreme end of the
lever is notched or toothed in a peculiar way; the two parts of the lever are held
together in one direction only, by means of a spring so arranged as to keep the two
parts always together, excepting when some extra force is used where the strength
of the spring is overcome and the two portions separate; the pin at K, Figures 2
and 7, is engaged by a blade spring "N, N, see Figure 2, which always tends to
spring away from the centre of the lock or outwards; thus the pin H and the end of
the lever M always tend inwards or towards the centre of the lock; and thus the
pin H is always pressing against the edge of the cylinder cap, and if the cylinder is
turned round by the knob outside, the end M of the lever is caused to rise and fall,
and by so doing, alter constantly the position of the slot in its end with respect to
anything working off the centre spindle O, seo Figures 1 and 2. Now referring to
Figures 1 and 2 it will be noticed that the centre spindle O carries two limbs, the
lower of the two or that one nearest the cylinders is a plate, called the locking
plate, its motions are governed by the position of the stump ring, placed above it
in the following way :-In the outer rim of the stump ring are fixed four stumps
or flat pins, the front edge of which, viz., that pointing towards the lever, is pro-
vided with a double tooth (shown dotted in the Drawing;, of the same kind exactly
as that in the front edge of the lever, the back edge of the stump, however, is
chamfered away to a knife edge, as will be seen in the Drawing. Now, as the dis-
tance of these stumps from the centre of motion is always the same, and as they
are so arranged that at a particular position of the levers all the four stumps will
just pass through the four slots in their corresponding lever, the upper ring can be
revolved a certain given distance free from all impediment; if, however, the lever
slots are not in their proper position, or, in other words, if the pin H in the levers
is not exactly in its proper notch in the cylinder cap, then the ring cannot revolve,
because the solid portion of either all or one of the levers intercepts the further
motion of the stuinp ring.
The stump ring is connected to the locking plate below in the following way :-
At the outer edge of the locking plate, and at exactly opposite sides of it, are
pivotted two detents, having a number of small teeth which, when the detent is
thrown out, take into corresponding teeth in a fixed stump in the lock plate, and in
this way at once prevent the locking plate being moved any further round; these
detents are in the ordinary state of affairs kept just within the periphery of the
locking plate by a couple of pins (shown in dotted lines) situated in the stump
ring, and so long as these pins are holding back the detents, both the locking plate
and the stump ring turn together as one piece; if, however, the detent becomes
thrown by the pin in the stump ring refusing to follow the detent on the locking
plate (owing to the levers not being in their right place with respect to the stump
ring), then the whole mechanism becomes held fast, and if any extra violence be
applied to the central spindle in order to force the lock, the click or ratchet between
the lock plate and centre spindle immediately gives way and prevents any pressure
likely to injure the interior of the lock coming upon the locking plate. This
ratchet is clearly shown in Figure 2, the arrangement of double springs being used
with a view to diminish the side wear of the spindle.
The method of unlocking by the locking plate, or vice versa, is this:-The
locking plate has a motion, varying according to circumstances, of from 3% of an
inch and upwards in a rotatory direction, and it is arranged with a slot on one of its
sides running in from the periphery to nearly the centre of the plate, and cutting or

page_text: not through its entire thickness. When the locking plate is in the unlocked posi-
tion a bolt worked by a separate knob from that belonging to the lock throws it up
into the slot, but when the bolt is thrown down or out of the slot, and the lock
locked by turning round the locking plate so as to shift the slot away from the bolt,
the bolt cannot then return until the locking plate is in its original position, and in
this latter position the lock may be considered locked, and cannot again be unlocked
until its proper combination is found, and the dials adjusted accordingly.
In the event of the springs of the two locking plate detents being injured or
broken, it would then be possible to unlock the lock by turning the plate round by
the central spindle, but this possibility is prevented by means of a curtain of battle
plate, which is hung from the outer extremity of the stump ring, and unless both
the stump ring and the rocking plate revolve exactly together the curtain will cover
over a portion, if not all, of the lock plate slot, depending upon the amount of motion
given to the locking plate, and in this way effectually prevent the bolt from entering
at any time but when the combination is correctly set.
I will now proceed to describe more fully my improved levers for lever locks.
Figure 8 shows the ordinary lever in use in the cominon lever lock, with the addi-
tional flexible lever a fitted inside it; the flexible lever works off the back spring ở,
forined in one piece with the lever itself, and this spring being something stronger
than the outer lever spring c in the ordinary state of affairs, when the key is intro-
duced and turned round the whole will rise together as one piece, but, on the other
hand, if any pressure is applied to the end of the lever a, b, by pressing forward the
bolt stump upon it, then, if a false key is introduced to lift the lever, and so feel the
gating e, the interior flexible lever will rise without in any way influencing the
outer lever, and thus render any attempt to pick by the tentative process a failure.
The flexible lever may or may not be stamped out of one piece with the outer
lever. In the sketch it is shown introduced as a separate part, and rivetted in by a
dovetail at the end of the spring b.
Figures 9 and 11 are modifications of this arrangement.
Figure 10 shows one of the ordinary levers with a flexible end, so that if the
stump is urged forward against the levers, and the key introduced to lift the levers,
the flexible end gives way, and allows the lever to riso without giving an oppor-
tunity to discover the real gating. The notches in the front end of the lever are
ordinary false gatings.
I will now describe more fully my improvements in spring locks.
Figure 12 is a sectional elevation of one of these locks. A is the main bolt, with
its spring b working off the arm C, and guided by the fixed stump and slot . E is
the releasing bolt, with its spring L, which works the sliding or vibrating detent f
and by means of a pin G fixed in the bolt and working in the diagonal slot H in the
detent. The inner end I of this detent is curved to a radius struck from the centre
of motion of the detent at J.
"
It will be noticed that in the bottom side of the main bolt A there is provided a
stud K, working against the curved end of the detent f, to which it is kept by the
spring 6 of the main bolt; this stud is shown in section at K, Figure 13, the inain
part of the bolt being removed for the sake of more clearly showing the action of
the releasing bolt and detent.
The action of the arrangement is as follows:-In closing the door the edge of the
bevil on the releasing bolt comes against the striking plate, and is driven in at the
same time, the ping in the bolt moving in the diagonal slot h slides the detent in
the direction of the arrow, and by the time the door is fully closed the releasing
bolt has displaced the end of the detent sufficiently far to allow the stump K on the
main bolt to move past it, its springs b driving it out, and so securing the door; the
Sinall lock M at the back of the main bolt, then, when requisite, throws its bolt N,
shown dotted, down behind the end of the bolt, and completely fills the space left
between the blocking piece O and the bolt end.
When necessary to open the door the small lock must of course have its bolt
withdrawn, and the main bolt drawn back by the knob and follow P, see Figure 12

page_text: Figures 14, 15, and 16 represent another modification of this class of lock. A is
as before the main bolt, and E the releasing latch, only in this case the main bolt A
is released by the rising of the releasing latch E, which withdraws the stump K
from the slot in the main bolt, and thereby allows the bolt to be shot out by its spiral
spring, fitted on the spindle b.
The general arrangement in other respects is the same as that of the lock shown
in Figures 12 and 13.
Figure 15 is an edge view looking on the fore end of the lock, showing the side
bevil of the releasing bolt E.
Figure 16 is a front view of the striking plate with the necessary formiations for
receiving the releasing and main bolts when the door on which the lock is fixed is
closed.
Figure 17 shows an adaptation of the last arrangement to railway carriage doors.
As before, A is the main bolt, and E the releasing latch. In this instance it is
requisite for the handle outside the door to make only one quarter of a turn, that is,
from the horizontal or locked position to the vertical or unlocked position; to do
this an eccentric follow G is used, working off its spindle K, and throwing the bolt
out at one quarter of a turn. L is a guiding stump. H is a small follow, which
when the bolt is thrown forward by the spring b can be turned round, so that the
piace H fills up the space left vacant by the bolt, and thereby locking the bolt out.
M is a stop to prevent the eccentric going too far round.
Figure 18 is a side view of the main bolt, showing the groove for the eccentric
follow.
Figure 18× is a view on the fore end of the lock; showing the bevil of the releasing
bolt.
I will now describe more fully my improved mode of applying locks to safe or
strong-room doors.
Figure 19 is a sectional plan of the door of a safe, showing the arrangement of
the lock A and its box B; Figure 20 is a sectional elevation of the same.
Figure 21 is an elevation of the fore end C of the lock; to this fore end at K, is
rivetted a plate D, Figure 19, on which is fixed the lock and bolt work.
Figure 22 is a section of the fore end.
The containing box B is first firmly secured to the door by means of rivets or
screws through the lugs E, E, E, and the case or fire-proof chamber is then bent to
the required shape and fastened to the door edges and the edges of the containing
box at F, F, F; the top of that position of the case or chamber lying upon the door
as at G, Figure 19, is then packed to come up flush with the fore end flange H,
the plate D, Figure 1, being then properly fitted with its lock and bolt work (see
Figure 20) complete, is then slid into the containing box B, the fore end C coming
flush with the outer face of the casing or chamber plate, see Figure 19, C, F.
It will also be noted that when sliding on the fore end C, the flange L, at the
bottom inside is furnished with a series of notches M, M, which take on to the fixed
studs N, see Figure 19, and in this way transmit any strain thrown upon the fore
end C through the bolts at 0, 0, at once to the door, the under side of the stud
bolts coming directly and closely in contact with the interior face of the fore
end flange. The whole is secured to the containing box by screws or other fastenings
passing through the flanges P, P, of the fore end of the lock, see Figure 20.
I will now describe more fully my improved receiving or collecting box.
Figure 23 is a sectional plan on the line A, B, (Figure 24), showing the arrange-
ment of the inner revolving case C containing the pocket D, into which articles to
be deposited are placed, the whole revolves on the centre pivot E. Stops are
however introduced at convenient places in the circumference of the inner case,
which, acting against fixed stops in the outer case, prevent the pocket and its
appurtenances making more than half a revolution. The dotted line F, F, denotes
the opening in the diaphragm plate G (Figure 24), which is of the same size as the
horizontal dimensions of the pocket. Now as will be seen, this pocket and its
revolving case move within a very small distance of the diaphragm plate G, and it

page_text: will be noticed that in Figure 24 no bottom is shown in the pocket, so that anything
placed in it is put directly on the diaphragin plate G, and when the inner case
turns round, it is pushed along this plate until it arrives at the opening F, F, when
it falls through into the receiving box H.
It will be noticed in Figure 24 that there is a toothed ring (made either in one
or more parts) fitted around the upper part of the inner revolving case C, C; this
ring is toothed both on its upper and lower edge, and acts as follows:-Supposing
any article deposited in the pocket, and the case turned partly round by the handle
on the top (see Figure 28) at J, the detent K fixed in the outer casing of the box,
see Figures 24 and 29, prevent the case being again turned back until a complete
half revolution is attained, when the detent K meets with a hollow L in the upper
ratchet on toothed ring, where, as will be seen, it can change its position to that
shown in the dotted line, which will allow it to return again in the direction of
the arrow, and so again bring the pocket into position for receiving again.
"
The pendulous detent shown at M in Figures 29 and 33 is to prevent the inner
case with its pocket from being moveable in the event of the whole apparatus being
turned upside down, and by reversing the process of introducing into the box to
reinove its contents, as it is evident the detent K could not act (unless provided
with a spring which is objectionable, with the box in this position.
It will be noticed that there are two of these pendulous detents at N and O,
Figure 27, placed at right angles to one another, so that in the event of the case
being turned on its side with a view to gag the detents, the one would of course be
rendered useless, but the other would be acting in its most efficient manner.
The arrangement of the toothing in Figures 29 and 33 for the pendulous detents
is somewhat different, but either may be used to suit circuinstances, preferably the
arrangement shown in Figure 33.
Figure 26 shows the upper portion of the receiving box, and a method of
connecting it to the lower part by a sort of bayonet joint, studs in the outer case
of the box passing into the slots P, 1', in the edge of the plate of which the upper
part is formed.
D, Figure 26, shows the pocket in position for receiving the outer small door
opened; Qis a notch in the toothed ring, which allows the hook or staple R to pass
through, after which, if the inner case be turned round, the solid portion of the
toothed ring comes in front of the hook and prevents the opening of the small door
until the pocket has made a complete half revolution, and come back again to its
proper position, when the notch coming opposite the hook again the door can be
opened. When the sinall door is open, the inner ring cannot be moved, as the
heel or back edge of the door is provided with a bar so placed, see Figure 30, at
S, that when the door is opened, no matter how little, the bar S immediately fills
the hollow T, Figures 27 and 30, in the toothed ring and prevents further
notion.
This small door may or may not be provided with a small spring lock to suit
circumstances.
Figures 31 and 32 show another arrangement of bayonet joint, the pieces v, x, y,
are fixed to the outer case, the other pieces 1 and 2 being fixed to the upper portion
of the receiving box. The pieces 1,1,1, are directly under the pieces v, u, v, shown
in the plan, Figure 31, and, as will be seen, 2 is directly beneath the piece y, see
Figure 32; is the bolt of a sinall lock fitted in the interior of the lower portion
of the receiving box H, its bolt filling the space between the pieces 2 on the upper,
and the stop on the lower portions of the case. In disconnecting the parts the
upper portion is turned round a little way in the direction of the arrow, of course
after the bolt z of the small lock has been withdrawn, and the upper portion can
then be lifted off.
The contents of the lower box can be withdrawn through a small door fitted in
the lower case, if this is thought desirable, without removing the upper portion
at all.
If desirable, the upper portion can be attached to the lower by a hinge at the

page_text: back and a lock on the front side, the contents of the box being withdrawn when
the upper portion is unlocked and thrown back.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of performning
the same, I would have it understood that I claim,―
First. The construction of combination or dial locks in such a manner that the
gatings cannot be felt by applying surreptitious pressure to the moving parts of
the lock, substantially as herein described.
Second. The employment of a clutch arrange:nent substantially as herein described
for preventing undue pressure being put upon the moving parts of a lock by the
turning of the handle by which they are actuated.
Third. In the class of locks known as lever locks, the use of compound levers
formed as herein described, in such manner, that in the event of an attempt being
nade to pick the lock by applying pressure to the bolt, one part of the tumbler
shall take the pressure of the bolt, whilst the other shall move freely with the
falso key or other instrument employed to act upon it, but which, when acted on
by its own key, will act as a simple or ordinary lever.
Fourth. In respect to spring locks I do not claim generally the making of locks
of this class, so that on the closing of a door their main bolt shall be released and
shot forward by a spring; but claim so constructing locks of this class that as
herein described, the main bolt when shot forward on the closing of a door shall
bo itself locked and prevented from moving back until the handle is turned, even
in the event of the breakage of the spring by which the bolt was forced
forwards.
Fifth. I also claim combining with such locks an inner lock, having ita bolt
moved substantially as horein described at right angles to the traverse of the inain
bolt, and when locked, obstructing the return of the main bolt.
Sixth. I also claim the construction of spring locks, substantially as herein
described and shown in the Drawings.
Seventh. Making safes with locks to be put in as mortice locks in front, sub-
stantially as herein described, the fore ends of such locks being provided with slots to
engage with studs fixed to the door of the safe, so as to take the strain brought to
bear upon the lock by violence.
Eighth. The construction of receiving or collecting boxes, substantially in the
manner herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Chatwood, have hereunto set iny
hand and seal, this Twentieth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight bundred and seventy-seven.
SAMUEL CHATWOOD. (L.S.)