Improvement of Manufacturing Guano from the Refuse of Fish and other Animal Matter, and the Extraction of Oil or Fat therefrom.
Year: 1894

page_text: The decision of the Comptroller-General, of the 18th day of October 1895, allowed,
under Section 18 of the Patents, &c. Act, 1883, an Amendment of this
Specification.
Date of Application, 9th May, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 8th Mar., 1895-Accepted, 4th May, 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvement of Manufacturing Guano from the Refuse of Fish and
other Animal Matter, and the Extraction of Oil or Fat therefrom.
MAXIMILIAN ZINGLER, Fellow of the Chemical Society, 19, Buckland Crescent,
Belsize Park, N.W. in the County of Middlesex and WM. CHATTAWAY F.I.C.
Consulting Chemist, of 11, Chisholme Road Richmond, in the County of Surrey,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Having disintegrated by some mechanical means the refuse, the same is mixed
with a certain quantity of nitrate of sodium, and acid sulphate of potassium.
These salts may be used in fine powder or as a strong solution. If the refuse is
in a putrefying state we may use some deodorant, such as vegetable charcoal,
either before or after the disintegration.
We may then extract by means of heating, boiling or pressing a portion of the
oil or fat or we may proceed to dry the refuse and extract the oil or fat by pressure
and subsequent extraction by a suitable solvent.
The drying may be conducted by any suitable means but we prefer to use a
drying machine so constructed that the article is never over heated and so that it
can be continuously treated by hot or cold air, the air being supplied under
conditions which enable it to rapidly take up all the moisture it can do, for the
temperature to which it is heated.
After extraction by solvent the guano is deprived of any adherent solvent and
then powdered.
We do not confine ourselves to any particular proportion of chemicals used, we
find however that a convenient quantity is from two to three or even more per cent
of each of the above named chemicals on the wet refuse.
In the treatment of animal refuse other than fish and also under certain
conditions in the case of fish refuse we add sufficient of any individual ingredient
to render the resultant guano of a standard strength, we mean by this, for example,
that where a guano is produced from flesh without a sufficient quantity of
phosphates we may make up this deficiency by a suitable addition.
Dated this Seventh day of May 1894.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (AMENDED).
Improvement of Manufacturing Guano from the Refuse of Fish and
other Animal Matter, and the Extraction of Oil or Fat therefrom.
We, MAXIMILIAN ZINGLER F.C.S. of 19, Buckland Crescent, Belsize
Park, N.W. in the County of Middlesex and WILLIAM CHATTAWAY, F.I.C.
Consulting Chemist of 32, Amyand Park Road, Twickenham, in the County of
Middlesex (late of 11, Chisholme Road Richmond in the County of Surrey) do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
The object of our invention is to so treat and subsequently prepare fish or other
animal refuse that a valuable and highly efficient guano is produced.
Having disintegrated by any reliable mechanical means the refuse, the same is
mixed with a certain quantity of nitrate of sodium and acid sulphate of potassium.
Or we may use sulphate of aluminium or aluminate of potassium or any other
mineral salt in combination with nitrate of sodium which may have the property
of preventing putrefaction. These salts may be added as a powder or in the form
of solution. The object of adding these salts is to prevent or arrest putrefactive
change taking place before the remaining processes can be completed.
If the refuse or offal is already in a putrid state we prefer to treat the same
with some deodourant, such as vegetable charcoal, creasote carbolic or cresylic
acids in order to prevent objectional effluvia. Such deodourant can be added
before or after the offal has been disintegrated as may be found best in any
particular case.
We then extract by means of hot pressure, boiling, or by suitable solvent, a
portion or as much as possible of the oil or fat. If the offal is quite fresh we
may remove the fat or oil before the addition of the chemicals already refered to.
As a rule we prefer to first treat the offal with the chemicals, proceed immediately
to disintegrate, then boil and separate the hot fat, first by skimming or by some
similar means, and afterwards by pressure.
In any case the partially fat free residue, in the form of press cakes, or semisolid
mass is now dried.
We do not bind ourselves to any particular method of drying. But we find
that it is essential that the residue must not be over-heated.
We prefer to use a drying apparatus so constructed that the process is continuous
and so arranged that it can be treated by hot or cold air, supplied under conditions
which enable the air to rapidly take up all the moisture it can for the particular
temperature to which it is heated.
The dried residue is now examined and if it contains an appreciable amount of
oil or fat, this is removed by means of a suitable solvent. The solvent must
depend upon the price and effectiveness, and also upon the district or country
where the process is carried out.
The oil-free or practically oil-free guano is now powdered and so stored as to
avoid the presence of moisture as much as possible.
We do not confine ourselves to any particular proportion of chemicals used, we
find however that a convenient quantity is from two to three per cent of each
chemical on the wet refuse. Sometimes it is necessary to use slightly more, say,
up to four per cent.
In the treatment of animal refuse other than fish, and also under certain
conditions in the case of fish refuse, we add sufficient of any constituent to render
the resultant guano of a standard strength; we mean by this, for example, that
where a guano is produced from flesh, without a sufficient quantity of phosphates,
make up this deficiency by a suitable addition.
we may

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, We declare that what we
claim is:-
CLAIM.
In the manufacture of guano from offal treating the offal with nitrate of sodium and
acid sulphate of potassium, or nitrate of sodium and sulphate of aluminium or aluminate
of potassium or other mineral salt for the purpose described.
1. The addition of chemicals as hereinbefore-described to animal-refuse, which
have-the-effect of retaining the valuable constituents-of-the said refuse-without
injury to the guano or to the soil when the same is applied in use.
2-The-subsequent-removal of oil-or-fat-from-the-guano, substantially as herein
stated, thereby enriching the guano to a very large extent.
3. The preparation by the afore said means of a guano which is, in our belief
more-easily assimilated by the plant than any heretofore-produced, and which is at
the same time richer and more valuable as a plant-food than any other preparation
which has come-before-our-notice.
1 1002
M. ZINGLER
WM. CHATTAWAY.