Improvements in the Preparation of Fuller's Earth for Use in Manufactures.
Year: 1885

page_text: Improvements in the Preparation of Fuller's Earth for Use in
Manufactures.
I FRANK CANDY of N° 6 Leigh Road in the County of Middlesex Manufacturer
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
Fuller's earth in its natural state is associated with certain hard and gritty
substances consisting principally of carbonate of lime in the form of shells and
silicates the presence of which in the concrete form is objectionable in manufactures
in which Fuller's earth is used partly on account of the said substances not
"falling" when the earth containing them is mixed with water.
My invention consists of the method hereinafter described of preparing Fuller's
earth in order to render the presence of the said substances unobjectionable in the
manufactures in which the said earth is ordinarily used and also to increase the
scouring or fulling action of the said earth.
According to my said invention I take the said earth in its natural state and
grind it by passing it under edge runners or by passing it between rolls and after-
ward under edge runners or by means of any other suitable machinery or apparatus
and thereby disintegrate the said substances I then pass the earth through a pug
mill and form it into lumps or block and stack the said lumps or blocks in any
place where they will be protected from rain and I so stack them that air may
circulate freely between and around them or I stack them in like manner in a
heated chamber or in a chamber or room through which a current of warm or dry
air is caused to pass by any suitable means or by any suitable apparatus such as a
Capell Ventilator or a Blackman propeller and when the lumps or blocks are "bone
dry" reduce them to the required size or to powder according to the purpose for
which the prepared Fuller's earth is to be used.
In some cases I add water to the Fuller's earth before grinding it in order to
facilitate its treatment as hereinbefore described. When I thus add water to the
earth I take care not to add more than is necessary to admit of the constituents
of the earth being readily intermixed and I take care not to allow any of the water
so added to the Fuller's earth to run off therefrom the reason for this precaution
being to avoid loss of such of the alkalies contained in the said earth as are
soluble in water the alkalies being of value in the manufactures in which the said
earth is used.
Although 1 prefer to pug the Fuller's earth and afterwards to mould or other-
wise form it into lumps or blocks as herein before described before drying it yet
the pugging and moulding are not essential to my process as the ground earth
when reduced to a pasty consistence with water may be taken from the grinding
apparatus and dried either on a floor or in an oven or otherwise and be then
reduced to pieces of the size required or to powder the pugging and moulding being
entirely dispensed with.

page_text: My process of preparing Fuller's earth not only produces a material superior to
that prepared as heretofore but also admits of the earth being prepared far more
cheaply and rapidly than the processes hitherto generally practised for producing
refined Fuller's earth.
I am aware that prior to the date of my present application for Letters Patent
Fuller's Earth had been mixed with water in order to facilitate the separation from the
earth of extraneous matters found in some beds of Fuller's Earth and I wish it to be
understood that I make. no claim to the mixing of water with Fuller's Earth in the
process of preparing it for use in manufactures nor to the separation from Fuller's Earth
of any of its constituents or of any of the matters with which it is naturally associated the
object of my Invention being to retain all the valuable alkalies contained in the natural
Fuller's Earth and to bring into a serviceable and valuable condition the natural
constituents thereof.
I am aware of the process described in the Specification of Letters Patent No. 2582
of 1883 granted to Charles Richard Dames in which Fuller's Earth is washed with
water and reduced to a slurry and in my present application for Letters Patent I lay no
claim to such process patented as aforesaid.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
The improvement hereinbefore described in the preparation of Fuller's earth
which consists in thoroughly intermixing the several constituents of the said earth
without previously adding water to the earth to such an extent as to render it
necessary to allow any of the added water to flow away and without otherwise
treating the earth in any way which will injuriously affect its natural scouring and
cleansing properties.
Dated this twenty fifth day of Sentember 1886

page_text: Improvements in the Preparation of Fuller's Earth for Use in
Manufactures.
IMPROVEMENTS
to be as
I FRANK CANDY of N° 6 Leigh Road in the County of Middlesex Manu-
facturer do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IN THE PREPARATION OF FULLER'S EARTH FOR USE IN MANUFACTURES
follows:-
33
Fuller's earth in its natural state is associated with certain hard and gritty
substances consisting principally of carbonate of lime and silicates the presence of
which in the concrete form is objectionable in manufactures in which Fuller's
earth is used partly on account of the size of the pieces or masses of the said sub-
stances and partly on account of the said substances not "falling" when the earth
containing them is mixed with water.
My invention consists of the method hereinafter described of preparing Fuller's
earth in order to render the presence of the said substances unobjectionable in the
manufactures in which the said earth is ordinarily used and also to increase the
Scouring or fulling action of the said earth.
According to my said invention I take the said earth in its natural state and
grind it (without reducing it to a slurry) by passing it under edge runners or
by passing it between rolls and afterwards under edge runners or by means of any
other suitable machine or apparatus and thereby disintegrate the said substances
I then pass the earth through a pug mill and form it into blocks and stack the
blocks in a suitable place in such a way that air may circulate freely between and
around them or I stack them in like manner in a chamber through which a current
of warm or dry air is caused to pass by any suitable means or by any suitable
apparatus such as a Capell Ventilator or a Blackman propeller and when the blocks
are "bone dry 1 reduce them to the required size or to powder. The Fuller's
earth is then ready for use the presence of the said hard and gritty substances
thus reduced being advantageous on account of the scouring action of the particles
thereof.

page_text: In some cases I add water to the Fuller's earth before treating it as herein before
described or during its treatment as herein before described in order to facilitate
the moulding thereof into blocks but I take care not to add an excess of water or
to allow any of the water added to the Fuller's earth to run off therefrom in order
to avoid loss of such of the alkalies contained in the said earth as are soluble
in water the alkalies being of value in the manufactures in which the said earth
is used.
My process of preparing Fuller's earth not only produces a material superior to
that prepared as heretofore but also admits of the earth being prepared far more
cheaply and rapidly than the processes hitherto generally practised.
Dated this twenty eighth day of December 1885.

page_text: I FRANK CANDY of N° 6 Leigh Road in the County of Middlesex - Manu-
facturer do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE PREPARATION OF FULLER'S EARTH FOR USE IN MANUFACTURES
follows:-
"
to be as
Fuller's earth in its natural state is associated with certain hard and gritty
substances consisting principally of carbonate of lime and silicates the presence of
which in the concrete form is objectionable in manufactures in which Fuller's
earth is used partly on account of the size of the pieces or masses of the said sub-
stances and partly on account of the said substances not "falling" when the earth
containing them is mixed with water.
My invention consists of the method hereinafter described of preparing Fuller's
earth in order to render the presence of the said substances unobjectionable in the
manufactures in which the said earth is ordinarily used and also to increase the
scouring or fulling action of the said earth.
According to my said invention I take the said earth in its natural state and
grind it (without reducing it to a slurry) by passing it under edge runners or
by passing it between rolls and afterward under edge runners or by means of any
other suitable machine or apparatus and thereby disintegrate the said substances
I then pass the earth through a pug mill and form it into blocks and stack the
blocks in a suitable place in such a way that air may circulate freely between and
around them or I stack them in like manner in a chamber through which a current
of warm or dry air is caused to pass by any suitable means or by any suitable
apparatus such as a Capell Ventilator or a Blackman propeller and when the blocks
are "bone dry" I reduce them to the required size or to powder. The Fuller's
earth is then ready for use the presence of the said hard and gritty substances
thus reduced being advantageous on account of the scouring action of the particles
thereof.

page_text: In some cases I add water to the Fuller's earth before treating it as herein before
described or during its treatment as herein before described in order to facilitate
the moulding thereof into blocks but I take care not to add an excess of water or
to allow any of the water added to the Fuller's earth to run off therefrom in order
to avoid loss of such of the alkalies contained in the said earth as are soluble
in water the alkalies being of value in the manufactures in which the said earth
is used.
My process of preparing Fuller's earth not only produces a material superior to
that prepared as heretofore but also admits of the earth being prepared far more
cheaply and rapidly than the processes hitherto generally practised.

page_text: Improvements in the Preparation of Fuller's Earth for Use in
Manufactures.
I FRANK CANDY of No 6 Leigh Road in the County of Middlesex Manufacturer
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
Fuller's earth in its natural state is associated with certain hard and gritty
substances consisting principally of carbonate of lime in the form of shells and
silicates the presence of which in the concrete form is objectionable in manufactures.
in which Fuller's earth is used partly on account of the said substances not
"falling" when the earth containing them is mixed with water.
My invention consists of the method hereinafter described of preparing Fuller's
earth in order to render the presence of the said substances unobjectionable in the
manufactures in which the said earth is ordinarily used and also to increase the
scouring or fulling action of the said earth.
According to my said invention I take the said earth in its natural state and
grind it by passing it under edge runners or by passing it between rolls and after-
ward under edge runners or by means of any other suitable machinery or apparatus
and thereby disintegrate the said substances I then pass the earth through a pug
mill and form it into lumps or block and stack the said lumps or blocks in any
place where they will be protected from rain and I so stack them that air may
circulate freely between and around them or I stack them in like manner in a
heated chamber or in a chamber or room through which a current of warm or dry
air is caused to pass by any suitable means or by any suitable apparatus such as a
Capell Ventilator or a Blackman propeller and when the lumps or blocks are bone
dry "I reduce them to the required size or to powder according to the purpose for
which the prepared Fuller's earth is to be used.
In some cases I add water to the Fuller's earth before grinding it in order to
facilitate its treatment as hereinbefore described. When I thus add water to the
earth I take care not to add more than is necessary to admit of the constituents.
of the earth being readily intermixed and I take care not to allow any of the water
so added to the Fuller's earth to run off therefrom the reason for this precaution
being to avoid loss of such of the alkalies contained in the said earth as are
soluble in water the alkalies being of value in the manufactures in which the said
earth is used.
Although I prefer to pug the Fuller's earth and afterwards to mould or other-
wise form it into lumps or blocks as hereinbefore described before drying it yet
the pugging and moulding are not essential to my process as the ground earth
when reduced to a pasty consistence with water may be taken from the grinding
apparatus and dried either on a floor or in an oven or otherwise and be then
reduced to pieces of the size required or to powder the pugging and moulding being
entirely dispensed with,.

page_text: My process of preparing Fuller's earth not only produces a material superior to
that prepared as heretofore but also admits of the earth being prepared far more
cheaply and rapidly than the processes hitherto generally practised for producing
refined Fuller's earth.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
The improvement herein before described in the preparation of Fuller's earth
which consists in thoroughly intermixing the several constituents of the said earth
without previously adding water to the earth to such an extent as to render it
necessary to allow any of the added water to flow away and without otherwise
treating the earth in any way which will injuriously affect its natural scouring and
cleansing properties.

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Preparation of Fuller's Earth for Use in
Manufactures.
I FRANK CANDY of N° 6 Leigh Road in the County of Middlesex Manu-
facturer do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
to be as
IN THE PREPARATION OF FULLER'S EARTH FOR USE IN MANUFACTURES
follows:-
وو
Fuller's earth in its natural state is associated with certain hard and gritty
substances consisting principally of carbonate of lime and silicates the presence of
which in the concrete form is objectionable in manufactures in which Fuller's
earth is used partly on account of the size of the pieces or masses of the said sub-
stances and partly on account of the said substances not "falling" when the earth
containing them is mixed with water.
My invention consists of the method hereinafter described of preparing Fuller's
earth in order to render the presence of the said substances unobjectionable in the
manufactures in which the said earth is ordinarily used and also to increase the
Scouring or fulling action of the said earth.
According to my said invention I take the said earth in its natural state and
grind it (without reducing it to a slurry) by passing it under edge runners or
by passing it between rolls and afterwards under edge runners or by means of any
other suitable machine or apparatus and thereby disintegrate the said substances
I then pass the earth through a pug mill and form it into blocks and stack the
blocks in a suitable place in such a way that air may circulate freely between and
around them or I stack them in like manner in a chamber through which a current
of warm or dry air is caused to pass by any suitable means or by any suitable
apparatus such as a Capell Ventilator or a Blackman propeller and when the blocks
are bone dry" I reduce them to the required size or to powder. The Fuller's
earth is then ready for use the presence of the said hard and gritty substances
thus reduced being advantageous on account of the scouring action of the particles
"
thereof.

page_text: In some cases I add water to the Fuller's earth before treating it as herein before
described or during its treatment as herein before described in order to facilitate
the moulding thereof into blocks but I take care not to add an excess of water or
to allow any of the water added to the Fuller's earth to run off therefrom in order
to avoid loss of such of the alkalies contained in the said earth as are soluble
in water the alkalies being of value in the manufactures in which the said earth
is used.
My process of preparing Fuller's earth not only produces a material superior to
that prepared as heretofore but also admits of the earth being prepared far more
cheaply and rapidly than the processes hitherto generally practised.
Dated this twenty eighth day of December 1885.
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in the Preparation of Fuller's Earth for Use in
Manufactures.
I FRANK CANDY of N° 6 Leigh Road in the County of Middlesex Manufacturer
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
:
Fuller's earth in its natural state is associated with certain hard and gritty
substances consisting principally of carbonate of lime in the form of shells and
silicates the presence of which in the concrete form is objectionable in manufactures
in which Fuller's earth is used partly on account of the said substances not
"falling" when the earth containing them is mixed with water.
My invention consists of the method hereinafter described of preparing Fuller's
earth in order to render the presence of the said substances unobjectionable in the
manufactures in which the said earth is ordinarily used and also to increase the
scouring or fulling action of the said earth.
According to my said invention I take the said earth in its natural state and
grind it by passing it under edge runners or by passing it between rolls and after-
ward under edge runners or by means of any other suitable machinery or apparatus
and thereby disintegrate the said substances I then pass the earth through a pug
mill and form it into lumps or block and stack the said lumps or blocks in any
place where they will be protected from rain and I so stack them that air may
circulate freely between and around them or I stack them in like manner in a
heated chamber or in a chamber or room through which a current of warm or dry
air is caused to pass by any suitable means or by any suitable apparatus such as a
Capell Ventilator or a Blackman propeller and when the lumps or blocks are "bone
dry reduce them to the required size or to powder according to the purpose for
which the prepared Fuller's earth is to be used.
22
In some cases I add water to the Fuller's earth before grinding it in order to
facilitate its treatment as hereinbefore described. When I thus add water to the
earth I take care not to add more than is necessary to admit of the constituents
of the earth being readily intermixed and I take care not to allow any of the water
so added to the Fuller's earth to run off therefrom the reason for this precaution
being to avoid loss of such of the alkalies contained in the said earth as are
soluble in water the alkalies being of value in the manufactures in which the said
earth is used.
Although I prefer to pug the Fuller's earth and afterwards to mould or other-
wise form it into lumps or blocks as hereinbefore described before drying
yet
the pugging and moulding are not essential to my process as the ground earth
when reduced to a pasty consistence with water may be taken from the grinding
apparatus and dried either on a floor or in an oven or otherwise and be then
reduced to pieces of the size required or to powder the pugging and moulding being
entirely dispensed with.

page_text: My process of preparing Fuller's earth not only produces a material superior to
that prepared as heretofore but also admits of the earth being prepared far more
cheaply and rapidly than the processes hitherto generally practised for producing
refined Fuller's earth.
I am aware that prior to the date of my present application for Letters Patent
Fuller's Earth had been mixed with water in order to facilitate the separation from the
earth of extraneous matters found in some beds of Fuller's Earth and I wish it to he
understood that I make no claim to the mixing of water with Fuller's Earth in the
process of preparing it for use in manufactures nor to the separation from Fuller's Earth
of any of its constituents or of any of the matters with which it is naturally associated the
object of my Invention being to retain all the valuable alkalies contained in the natural
Fuller's Earth and to bring into a serviceable and valuable condition the natural
constituents thereof.
I am aware of the process described in the Specification of Letters Patent No. 2582
of 1883 granted to Charles Richard Dames in which Fuller's Earth is washed with
water and reduced to a slurry and in my present application for Letters Patent I lay no
claim to such process patented as aforesaid.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is :-
The improvement hereinbefore described in the preparation of Fuller's earth
which consists in thoroughly intermixing the several constituents of the said earth
without previously adding water to the earth to such an extent as to render it
necessary to allow any of the added water to flow away and without otherwise
treating the earth in any way which will injuriously affect its natural scouring and
cleansing properties.
Datad this tranin fifth day of Contambon 1000