matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
THE EMPLOYMENT OF NEW MATERIALS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1855

page_text: LUCES
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Moll at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th July 1855.
I, FRANCIS MOLL, of Annaberg, near Godesberg, in the Kingdom of Prussia,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "THE EMPLOYMENT OF NEW
MATERIALS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER " to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of the combined use of the fibrous matters obtained
from the stalks and stems of the potatoe, and the leaves or fibres of the fir
tree and other conifera; and the further combining with either or both of
such fibrous matters the fibres of cotton or linen rags, or other vegetable
matters or pulp made therefrom, in the manufacture of paper.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING, COVERING, OR PLATING METALLIC SURFACES
Year: 1855

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John George Taylor at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th September
1855.
I, JOHN GEORGE TAYLOR, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING, COVERING, OR PLATING METALLIC SURFACES," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the application and use of the metal or metallic
earth aluminum, otherwise aluminium, as a material for coating, covering, or
plating metallic bodies or surfaces. It is intended to apply the aluminium for
this purpose either by the action of electricity, magnetism, or galvanism, or
by the old system of plating with sheets. It is preferred, however, to effect
the application or deposition of the aluminium by means of electricity or
electric agency, the aluminium being thus applied either as a coating to base
metals, or as a preservative film or covering to the precious metals. In
addition to these applications of aluminium as in ornamental coating, or as a
preservative for ornamental surfaces, it may be applied for preserving ships'
sheathing, as well as for protecting a great variety of other metallic surfaces
which are liable to injury from the atmosphere, from gases, from liquids, or
from direct chemical action.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN PREPARING COFFEE
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Watt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th January
.1855.
I, CHARLES WATT, of Victoria Wharf, Regent's Park Basin, Chemist, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
PREPARING COFFEE" to be as follows:-
Heretofore the berries of coffee have been roasted whole, by which the
exterior has been for the most part too much done and the interior too little.
Now, my Invention consists of causing the berries of coffee to be first cut,
broken, or ground, and then to be roasted, by which greater uniformity of
roasting and other advantages may be obtained.
THE USE AND METHOD OF PREPARATION OF A NEW MATERIAL TO BE USED IN THE PROCESS OF DYEING SILK
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Jaques at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th November
1855.
I, FRANK JAQUES, of Droylsden, in the County of Lancaster, Silk Dyer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE USE AND
METHOD OF PREPARATION OF A NEW MATERIAL TO BE USED IN THE PROCESS OF
DYEING SILK" to be as follows:-
The new material or ingredient, to the use and preparation of which my
Invention has reference, is the "double chloride of zinc and barium," which
I propose to employ either in conjunction with other dye-stuffs or without
them, in order to obtain extra weight, brilliancy, and fixity of color.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASEING, GUARDING, AND PROTECTING REVOLVING SHAFTS AND MILL-WORK IN GENERAL
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Elce and John Bond at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
26th April 1855.
We, JOHN ELCE and JOHN BOND, both of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Machinists, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CASEING, GUARDING, AND PROTECTING REVOLVING SHAFTS AND
MILL-WORK IN GENERAL," to be as follows:-
We propose to case the shafts or portions of them with thin circular casing
or tubes, which may be made whole or in parts, and of the required lengths.
These casings may be made either of wood, brass, iron, or any other suitable
material. If made of iron they may be cast hollow with inward bearings, which
may be bored out to run easy on the shafts; or they may be placed on india-
rubber washers or other elastic washers, which will prevent shaking and noise;
if the casings be made in halves they can be bound together with screws or
elastic rings. In the event of a strap getting off the drum by accident or
otherwise, it will fall upon the revolving casing, causing such revolving casing
to stand still, thus preventing the lapping of the strap and the dangers
attendant therewith.
AN IMPROVE- MENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHILDREN'S AND INVALIDS' CARRIAGES
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Kennard at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th October 1855.
I, JOHN KENNARD, of 32, Little Queen Street, Holborn, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHILDREN'S AND INVALIDS' CARRIAGES" to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists of making the bodies of such descriptions of
carriages of sheet metal stamped or pressed into dies, by which more elegant
and varied devices may be obtained at less cost than when making the bodies
of wood, as heretofore. In other respects the carriages may be constructed as
at present. And by preference I make each carriage with three wheels, and the
handle for moving a carriage I apply, as is commonly the case, at the back.
A NEW OR IMPROVED FARINACEOUS Food
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Griffiths Jones at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th April 1855.
I, DAVID GRIFFITHS JONES, of No. 14, Harrington Square, Hampstead
Road, Middlesex, M.D., do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW OR IMPROVED FARINACEOUS Food" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in combining or mixing the following ingredients in
about the proportion herein set forth, namely,-
28 parts gluten, deprived of its water, dried, and pulverized.
16 parts starch, obtained from Spanish semola.
1
"
26
28
دو
دو
"
sulphur, obtained from the hexandria tetragenia.
earthy matter.
vegetable albumen, deprived of its water, and powdered.
vegetable gum.
The whole to be thoroughly triturated together, when it will be ready for
use, and can be made by ordinary means into bread, biscuit, cake, pudding,
gruel, infants' food, nursery biscuits, flummery, blanch mange, and other
similar edibles. The advantage of this new or improved farinaceous food
consists in its being more nutritious and containing none of the astringent
properties common to ordinary farinaceous foods; and by it's possessing a larger
amount of carbon it may be used as a substitute for cod liver oil without
having its nauseous properties.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF GRAIN FROM WHICH BEER OR SPIRIT HAS BEEN MADE
Year: 1855

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Yates the younger at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th March 1855.
I, WILLIAM YATES the younger, of Woburn Place, Russell Square, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF GRAIN FROM WHICH BEER OR
SPIRIT HAS BEEN MADE" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the treatment of grain from which beer or spirit
has been extracted, and the utilising the same so as to make the same appli-
cable to various preparations for food. The grain is to be taken in its ordinary
wet state, and by the application of any suitable pressure the moisture is to
be squeezed from it; the grain thus rendered partially dry is then completely
dried by any suitable apparatus for drying purposes, either with or without
the application of heat. The grain thoroughly dried may now be ground in
the ordinary manner, and may be formed into food for cattle, either alone or
mixed with other products; it may also be substituted for ordinary bread, and
may be either used alone, by which a very common description of bread only
will be obtained; or by adding to it flour, sugar, or other preparations suitable
for human food a superior kind of bread may be manufactured.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRUSSES FOR SUPPORTING PARTS OF THE HUMAN BODY
Year: 1855

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josiah Sanders at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th December
1855.
I, JOSIAH SANDERS, of Bristol, in the County of Somerset, Truss Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TRUSSES FOR SUPPORTING PARTS OF THE HUMAN BODY" to be as follows:-
These improvements relate to the springs of trusses employed for causing
pressure of the pad or pads of the truss against the part or parts to be
supported thereby; and these improvements consist in making such said
springs in the form of a double spiral, the smaller diameter being at about
midway of the entire length of the spring, similar to the springs employed
in the seats of furniture. The spring thus formed is placed within the pad,
and is capable of being rendered more or less powerful by means of a screw
connected therewith..
IMPROVEMENTS IN HUTS, TENTS, AND CAMP HOSPITALS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Edmund Green at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
June 1855.
I, CHARLES EDMUND GREEN, of No. 13, Blandford Street, Portman Square,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HUTS, TENTS, AND CAMP HOSPITALS," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist, firstly, in the construction of tents or huts in
several parts, which are to be held together by hinges, or any other known
method of fastening, in such a manner that they can be folded up in one or
more packages for portability.
Secondly, in making my tents or huts of framework, so arranged as to allow
an internal and external covering, thereby leaving space for a current of hot or
-cold-air, as may be required; the materials used being woolen, linen, or such
other fabrics as may be air and water proof.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN THE PREPARATION OF COTTON OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES FOR SPINNING
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hindle Ashburn. and
James Fairhurst at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 11th October 1856.
We, WILLIAM HINDLE ASHBURN, of Blackburn, Cotton Spinner and Manu-
facturer, and JAMES FAIRHURST, of the same Place, Cardmaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS USED IN THE PREPARATION OF COTTON OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
FOR SPINNING," to be as follows:―
Our Invention applies to drawing frames and doubling frames used in the
preparation of cotton, &c., and is designed for the purpose of "knocking off"
or "stopping" the machine when the cans in front of the rollers are full..
This is accomplished by a simple arrangement of mechanism placed above
the "coilers" (that is, the apparatus employed for coiling the slivers of cotton,
&c. into the cams or receptacles), and consists of a small lever extending
across the drawing frame from the cans in front to the ordinary stopping
motion behind, and supported on a fulcrum or pivot placed just before the
front "rollers;" this lever is slightly overbalanced in front by a small weight
to keep the other or hinder end of the lever clear of the ordinary stopping
motion; but when the can is full the lid of the coil rises and lifts that end of
the lever, depressing the other extremity, so as not to interfere with the free
revolution of the fans or vanes of the ordinary stopping motion, and thus
cause it to transfer the driving strap from off the fast on to the loose pulley.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SAFETY MATCH OR LUCIFER BOXES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Porecky at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th November
1856.
I, ALEXANDER PORECKY, of Hackney, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF SAFETY MATCH OR LUCIFER BOXES," to bo as follows:-
My said improvements consist in the peculiar mechanical arrangements
of lucifer and other match boxes, by means of which each match can be
discharged singly in succession without removing the box lid. The boxes
may be made of metal and other suitable materials, and be provided with a
wedge-shaped chamber to contain the matches. The narrow end of the
chamber is opposite a bar or similar contrivance passing through the box,
elongated at one end to be pressed, and carrying above a parallel pin or rod,
and having its shortest end under a hole through which the matches are to be
protruded for use, near which may be arrangements for lighting; the bar can
be pushed forwards, but is retained in its place by springs, which also serve to
return it after pressure; the end of its upper pin or rod is situated imme-
diately behind a match ready to push it out when so pressed. Through slots in
each side of the wedge-shaped chamber pass arrangements to agitate and keep
the matches parallel, and they may, when required, have spring pressure
applied against them, and boxes may be made to operate placed vertically or
otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF MAKING OR PRODUCING DRY BARM OR YEAST
Year: 1856

page_text: This Invention received Provisional rotection
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Winterbottom at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
September 1856.
I, ROBERT WINTERBOTTOM the younger, of Staley Bridge, in the County of
Lancaster, Corn Dealer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF MAKING OR PRODUCING DRY BARM
OR YEAST," to be as follows:-
I take brewery or distilling barm and purify it with pure or clear lime
water or with pure spring water, stir it well together and leave it until settled.
I then draw off the water, and add to ninety pounds of the said brewery or
distilling barm about three-fourths of an ounce of ammonia and about one
ounce of carbonate of soda with more spring water, and let it stand for about
twelve hours. I then drain off the water as clear as possible, and put it in an
hydraulic screw or other press, and subject it to pressure until it is dry. I
then put it in a bag or other convenient covering, to be kept in as cool a place
as possible until used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING SEVERAL COLORS AT ONE TIME FROM A SINGLE STONE, PLATE, OR BLOCK
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Thomas Dolby at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
November 1856.
I, EDWIN THOMAS DOLBY, of Stratford Place, Camden Town, in the County
of Middlesex, Lithographic Artist, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING SEVERAL COLORS AT ONE TIME FROM
A SINGLE STONE, PLATE, OR BLOCK," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in printing several colors at
one time from a single stone, plate, or block. Heretofore for these purposes,
when obtaining chromo-lithographic impressions several stones have been used,
and when obtaining like impressions from plates or blocks several plates or
blocks have been used, depending on the number of colors.
Now, the Invention consists of applying several colors to the same stone,
plate, or block, and this is accomplished in some cases by means of perforated
plates in the nature of stencil plates, and in other cases by means of rollers
having recesses or cells therein to receive the various colors, the cells or
recesses being of such forms as to correspond with the required parts of the
design to be colored thereby.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CAPSTANS AND WINDLASSES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Brown at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th October
1856.
I, THOMAS BROWN, of Fenchurch Street, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CAPSTANS AND
WINDLASSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in capstans and windlasses.
For these purposes the pawls are made suitable for holding at each end, they
being each arranged to move on a central axis, and according as the pawls are
placed for the time being, so will be the direction in which. the barrel of the
capstan will be allowed to turn, and when the pawls are held in a central
position, the capstan barrel will be free to rotate in either direction. The
position in which the pawls are for the time being held is governed by a
circular plate or ring having excentric or curved surfaces, one to each pawl,
and the pawls have each projections or pins which rest against and are acted
on by the excentric and curved surfaces on the ring or plate, which is capable
of movement so as to place all the pawls to act by their corresponding ends,
and also so as to place and retain all the pawls in a central position, so that
neither end of auy of the pawls will act to stop the rotation of the body of the

page_text: capstan in either direction. The improvements in windlasses consist of applying
to the flanch of a windlass barrel a lifter or instrument to lift the chain from
the holding parts of the flanch, so as to admit of the chain running out without
the barrel of the windlass being reversed in its action.
AN IMPROVED FIRE ESCAPE
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Forster Meakin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th September 1856.
I, JOHN FORSTER MEAKIN, of 84, Baker Street, Portman Square, in the
Parish of St. Marylebone, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED FIRE ESCAPE," to be as
follows:
My improved fire.escape consists in having strong iron hooks fixed over
the window, most convenient for escape. In the window recess, and under
the soffit is fixed a wood framing, to which is attached a metallic cylin-
drical box containing 2 coils of galvanized iron wire rope wound on wood
reels. At one end of each rope is a metal thimble firmly secured, and these
thimbles pass through corresponding holes in the box, and are always hung on
the hooks. The other ends of the ropes are furnished with strong metal
handles which lie in grooves formed in the reels, and enables the said wire
rope to be wound round them up to the thimbles. The cylindrical box is so
constructed, that, when the reels containing their quantity of wire rope are
deposited therein, they are instantly discharged into the street by pulling a
handle attached to a wire, which withdraws a pin, securing the door of the
box which opens downwards. This handle is also attached to an alarm bell
placed outside the window, and within convenient reach of the inmates, and
may be continued to each window below, and to within reach of the policemen
or firemen

page_text: In connection with the above, a basket of a suitable construction and size is
provided, furnished with two .pullies through which the handles of the wire
ropes are passed after being released from the box. These handles being
seized by men, who then run from each other in opposite directions, will cause
the basket rapidly to ascend to any window under the fixings, and so furnish
the means of immediate conveyance of the inmates to the street, by the men
still holding the handles of the rope approaching each other. This process
may be repeated as often as necessary, and with great rapidity.
A man can also be sent up in the basket with great facility (to no matter
what height) to render assistance.
CONVERTING DRY PITCH AND OTHER RESINOUS SUBSTANCES, ALSO COAL TAR AND OTHER TARS, INTO NEUTRAL ESSENTIAL OILS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hermann Brambach at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd January
1856.
I, HERMANN BRAMBACH, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for CONVERTING DRY PITCH AND OTHER RESINOUS SUBSTANCES, ALSO COAL
TAR AND OTHER TARS, INTO NEUTRAL ESSENTIAL OILS, to be as follows:-
The processes hitherto used for converting resinous substances, such as
Bayonne pitch, American resin, &c. into oil, give over at different stages of the
distillation, 1, a little acidulated water; 2, a small quantity of essential oil;
3, fixed oil, generally used for machinery; 4, a tarry residue. It is very rare
that the operation yields more than five per cent. of the whole product. Both
oils are acid.
The object and result of my process is to convert the whole into neutral
essential oil, and by the following process I get neither acidulated nor fixed
oil, nor tarry residue; and notwithstanding, the weight of oil I obtain is very
little inferior to the quantity obtained by the present processes. I operate
as follows:- melt with a slow fire the substance to be distilled, if it is not
already in a liquid state, and 1 mix it with a quantity of lime sufficiently
slacked to fall into powder, and in this way I obtain a homogeneous substance
easily handled. 1 put the mixture into a crucible or cast-iron muffle, furnished

page_text: with a tube in communication with a refrigerator, and I distill by gradually
increasing the fire. A small portion of the products of the distillation consists of
coal gas for lighting, which may be collected or allowed to escape. The greater
part of the product is condensed in the refrigerator, and furnishes a brown and
light essential oil, quite neutral. My process furnishes no fixed oil, and nothing
remains in the crucible but lime. By applying to the product of the distillation
the known methods of rectification, I obtain an essential oil of a light yellow
color, which does not absorb the oxygen of the air. This essential oil burns
in properly constructed lamps without smell or soot, & it can be applied to
dissolve resinous substances, caoutchouc, &c.; it evaporates and leaves these
substances in possession of their original properties.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOKING GLASSES, TO RENDER THEM DOUBLE-REFLECTIVE
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Paul Emilo Chappuis at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
April 1856.
I, PAUL EMILE CHAPPUIS, of the Patent Reflector Factory, 69, Fleet St.,
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOOKING GLASSES, TO RENDER THEM DOUBLE-REFLECTIVE, to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in apparatus to be used with looking glasses
to render them double-reflective consists of a jointed arm, to one end of which
is fitted an upright rod carrying a looking-glass; the other end of the arm
terminates in a clip, by which the apparatus may be secured to the back of a
chair, the top of a dressing table, or other article of furniture.
The other part of my Invention consists of a jointed rod, screwed or other-
wise fastened to the back of a chair, or other article of furniture, from the top
of which rod another rod depends at right angles carrying a small looking-
glass.
The object of the Invention is, that a person seated before a dressing-glass
may observe the back part of the head by looking at the reflection of the
moveable glass. By means of the jointed arm the apparatus may be readily
placed in any desired position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF CULTIVATING AND TREATING THE HOP PLANT
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Pope at the Office of the
August
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th, 1856.
I, JOHN POPE, of the City of Canterbury, County of Kent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF
CULTIVATING AND TREATING THE HOP PLANT," to be as follows:-
I find that the present custom of severing the bines or large branches from
the root of the hop plant, at the season when the hops are gathered or picked,
is very injurious, causing the succeeding year's plant to be weak and unhealthy,
requiring a greater amount of culture for the ensuing crop than would be
necessary if such means were adopted as I propose, which are, instead of
severing the bines from the root when the hops are picked, I allow them to
remain attached to it untill the end of November, or such time as the sap
shall have ceased to flow in them.
I propose to effect this by withdrawing from the earth, at the time when the
hops are redy for picking, the hop poles, by means of a slow motion screw or
lifting jack, so arranged as to press upon the root and hold down the bines,
and at the same time to raise the pole from the earth, so as to allow it and the
bines to be laid on the ground without disturbing the root, when the hops may
be picked into baskets as at present; I prefer, however, that the baskets
should be smaller than those now used. After the hops are picked, the poles

page_text: may be removed in the usual manner from the ground, but the bines must be
allowed to remain attached to the root untill the end of November, or untill
such time as the sap shall have ceased to flow in them, when they may be
removed and the ground cleared in the usual way.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DYEING
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Putent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Donald Bethune at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th May
1856.
I, DONALD BETHUNE, of Cambridge Terrace, Hyde Park, in the County of
Middlesex, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DYEING," to be as follows:-
The Invention may be generally described as being the formation or pro-
duction of a vacuum or partial vacuum in a vessel, chamber, or vat, in which
the materials to be dyed are placed, and the forcing of the dye liquor into the
said chamber or vat; after the formation or production of the vacuum or partial
vacuum, by a force pump. The chamber or vat may be made of any suitable
material sufficiently strong to resist the external pressure of the atmosphere
and the internal pressure of the force pump, and an air pump or exhausted
receiver is put in communication with such chamber or vat, so as to produce
a vacuum or partial vacuum therein. In this chamber an inner box or receiver
capable of holding the materials to be dyed is placed. The outer edge or cir-
cumference of this inner receiver is formed of wire gauze, perforated zinc, or
other suitable material, the holes or interstices in which are of such a size as
to allow the dyeing fluid or liquor to pass through freely and enter the material
to be dyed. The apparatus is worked in the following manner:-The outer
!

page_text: chamber or vat is opened by an air-tight man-hole or lid, and the material to
be dyed is placed in the inner receiver (the.said inner receiver being attached
to the sides of the outer chamber at or near: its centre, and having a clear
space of one or more inches, all round it between it and the outer chamber).
On the inner chamber being so charged with the material to be dyed, and the
nan-hole or lid being closed, a vacuum or partial vacuum is then formed or
produced in it by the action of the air-pump, and which is well understood, by
which the air is extracted from the material to be dyed; the air
pump cock
is then closed, and the dye liquor is forced into the chamber through a pipe
by a force pump, or otherwise, until the material to be dyed is fully saturated
or impregnated with such liquor.. The liquor is then drawn off by means of
another pipe, and air is admitted to the material in the receiver, which is after-
wards exhausted by the air pump, and the dyeing liquor is again forced into
the chamber, as before, until the material in the receiver is perfectly dyed, the
process being repeated as often as may be necessary. Heat may be applied in
the dyeing liquor, or otherwise, in order to render the matter to be acted upon
more readily capable of receiving the dye.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Helmuth Carl Friedrich Martin
Petschler at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 24th July 1856.
I, HELMUTH CARL FRIEDRICH MARTIN PETSCHLER, of Manchester, in tho
County of Lancaster, Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER, AND IN THE
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
My improvements in obtaining motive power consist in the application
of the principal of gravitation, which is applied in the following manner :-
I employ an arrangement known as internal spur or toothed gearing (that
is, an inner spur wheel gearing into an outer rim which has teeth and spaces
formed upon its inner surface,) and each rotating upon its own centre (that is,
not quite concentric with each other).
A series of these wheels may be placed loosely upon a stationary shaft, upon
which a heavy weight is fixed, the gravitating centre of which being somewhat
eccentric, the downward pressure of the shaft (caused by the gravitating force
of the weight) upon the inner spur wheel will cause the under side of its teeth
to exert a pressing force upon the upper side of the internal teeth of the outer
wheel upon one side of the centre, thus forcing the teeth of one side of
the outer wheel down and carrying the wheel round; then upon the opposite

page_text: side of the centre this action is reversed, (that is, the upper part of the teeth
of the inner spur wheel pass against the lower side of the internal teeth, thus
lifting or raising this side of the wheel, and assisting in causing it to rotate.
It will now be evident that by connecting the toothed periphery of the outer
wheel to any train of gearing any machinery required may be driven or
actuated by it.
Although I have here described one method of applying my improvements
which I consider the most practicable, I do not intend to confine myself ex-
clusively thereto, as this application of the principle of gravitation for obtaining
motive power may be applied through the medium or arrangement of other
internal gearing, such as arms, spokes, or levers, which may be caused to act in a
similar manner; or by pins or studs in the one wheel gearing into correspond-
ing holes in the other, always providing that there is sufficient space between
the teeth, &c., to prevent any fixtures or locking of the apparatus.
The above being my improvements in obtaining and applying motive power,
this Invention may be generally employed, either for the impelling of machinery,
the propulsion of carriages on land, or vessels on water, or for various other
purposes where power is employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING ARTIFICIAL FLOWERS AND FOLIAGE
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Hippolyte Gustave Bérard
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th March 1856.
I, PIERRE HIPPOLYTE GUSTAVE BÉRARD, Artificial Flower Manufacturer, of
Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING ARTIFICIAL FLOWERS AND
FOLIAGE," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates, firstly, to the production of artificial flowers and
foliage, by modelling directly or indirectly from the leaves, petals, and other
parts of natural plants by the aid of plastic substances, collodion (combined
with oil), gelatine (combined with syrups, gum, or glycerine), & other
analagous matters, colored as desired.
The two principal species of plastic materials which I find best suited in
effecting my improvements, though they may be obtained by other analagous
plastic substances, are gelatine dissolved in a small quantity of water and
mixed with paper pulp, say, about 40 parts of the one to 100 of the other, &
collodion as prepared for the photographic & medical arts, by dissolving in
ordinary ether, or in ether mixed with a little alcohol, the product obtained
by the immersion of cotton in a mixture of sulphuric acid and nitrate of potash
or soda. Moulds for the above purposes I sometimes first obtain from the

page_text: natural objects by means of fine' plaster of paris prepared with oils or other
greasy solutions, as also from gutta perchá, and from metal by deposition.
The plastic substances obtained according to my improvements may be applied
to gauze or ordinary tissue of florists. The stalks and other parts may be
strengthened by the introduction of wire; and, secondly, in giving a surface to
artificial flowers thus produced by the aid of powdered silk.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TENTS, HUTS, AND CAMP HOSPITALS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Edmond Green, of 13, Blandford Street,
Portman Square, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TENTS, HUTS, AND CAMP HOSPITALS."
COMPLETE SH
TION filed by the said Charles Edmond Green at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 18th June 1856, pursuant to the 9th Section of the
Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
EDMOND GREEN, of 13, Blandford Street, Portman Square, in the County of
Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TENTS, HUTS, AND CAMP HOSPITALS," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant
unto me, my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent
for the same, and have made solemn declaration that I verily believe myself
to be the first and true Inventor thereof.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Edward Green, do hereby
declare that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and seal,
fully describes the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in which the
same is to be performed, that is to say:―
My improvements or Invention consist, firstly, in the construction of a
framework in wood, iron, brass, bronze, bone, cane, or any other material, so

page_text: arranged in several parts, and held together by hinges, or any other known
method of fastening, and capable of folding up to small dimensions in one or
more parts for portability, and expanding at pleasure, forming a compact
whole or perfect tent or hut, with boarded flooring and crossed joists.
Secondly, in making, framing, and covering my tents, huts, or camp
hospitals in two or more thickness', so devised as to allow a free current of
hot or cold air, as may be required, the materials used being singly or severally
linen, woollen, union, serge, skins, matting, oiled, vulcanized, waterproof, or
any other known fabrics, with metallic slides for the purpose of thoroughly.
ventilating the interior, the whole being waterproof and equally a non-
conductor.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Edmond Green, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
C. E. GREEN. (t:s.)
AN IMPROVED COFFEE POT
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Theophile François Trocard at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th February 1856.
I, THEOPHILE FRANÇOIS TROCARD, Artist, of Bordeaux Town, in the French
Empire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
COFFEE POT," to be as follows:-
My improved coffee pot consists of two vessels placed one over the other,
the upper vessel being raised on and connected with the lower by two or more
pillars or supports, one of which is hollow. The upper vessel is intended to
receive water, and the lower is for the coffee; communication between the two
vessels is effected through the hollow pillar just mentioned, which opens at
bottom into a pipe leading into the upper part of the lower vessel, and ter-
minating in a finely perforated rose or spreader over the centre, and at the top
of a conical filter, with a finely perforated bottom for receiving the ground
coffee fitted into the upper part of the lower vessel. The hollow pillar is pro-
vided with a cock to shut off communication between the vessels when
desired.
The apparatus is made use of as follows:-Ground coffee is placed in the
conical filter, the cock in the hollow pillar closed, water poured into the upper
vessel, and a spirit lamp or other heating medium applied beneath it until the

page_text: water boils. The cock is then opened, and the hot water flows down the
pillar and trickles through the rose or spreader on to the ground coffee. The
infusion passes through the perforated bottom of the filter into the body of
the lower vessel, whence it may be drawn off through a tap. To keep the
coffee hot the lamp may be removed from the upper and placed beneath the
lower vessel; a slab to hold the lamp may be fitted between the legs of the
apparatus. The upper vessel may be marked off in divisions to regulate the
water poured in according to the quantity of coffee required; the bottoms of
both vessels are slightly inclined towards the outlet.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR STOPPING RAILWAY TRAINS, WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR ALARM SIGNALS GENERALLY
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hardaker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th August
1856.
I, JOHN HARDAKER, of Leeds, in the County of York, Commission Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR STOPPING RAILWAY TRAINS, WHICH ARE ALSO
APPLICABLE FOR ALARM SIGNALS GENERALLY," to be as follows:-
It is proposed to fix an apparatus at certain places on a line of railway
which will be acted upon by a passing train, which train will leave the appa-
ratus in a position to act upon the next train, provided such next train should
approach to within a certain distance of the first train. The apparatus shall
act upon the second train so as to turn off the steam, turn on the whistle, and
put on the breaks, and so stop the train. Also, the above apparatus may be
applied at stations, junctions, and crossings, and by which coming trains may
be stopped, if necessary. The apparatus will consist of a lever or system of
levers fixed at the side of the rail, which can be raised into the form of an
inclined plane by a rod and antifriction pulley. A framework, attached to a
train on the side next the pulley, presses against the pulley, and thereby raises
the lever or levers, which are then upheld in the form of an inclined plane by
a catch. A framework attached to any following train on the side next the
lever or levers will press against the levers when so raised, and will be so acted

page_text: on by such pressure as at once to turn off the steam, put on the breaks, and
set the whistle going.
By connecting the catch supporting one lever or system of levers with
another, the catch may be struck or withdrawn, and the lever or system of
levers be lowered and restored to its first position at the moment that the other
lever or system of levers is raised.
A NEW MODE OF ORNA- MENTING CERAMIC AND VITREOUS PRODUCTS
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Léon Chablin and Antoine Hennique
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
10th March 1856.
We, LÉON CHABLIN and ANTOINE HENNIQUE, of 39, Rue de l'Echiquier,
Paris, in the Empire of France, and of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, do
hereby declare the nature of our said Invention of A NEW MODE OF ORNA-
MENTING CERAMIC AND VITREOUS PRODUCTS, to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention consists of an improved process of ornamenting china,
porcelain, glass, and other like materials, which process is as follows:-
The design is made upon the article to be ornamented by means of a brush
dipped in a paste composed of chloride of silver mixed with spirits of turpentine
to a proper consistance. When the design is finished the article is placed in a
nouffle furnace and heated to a red heat. When the article is cold it is
surrounded with copper wire, and placed in an electro-plating solution of silver
or gold, as desired, and the metal is deposited by the usual galvanic battery.
After being left in the bath about forty-eight hours, or when a sufficient thick-
ness of metal is obtained, the article is taken out and the design is finished by
means of a burnisher or brush in the usual manner. The same process is
used for ornamenting enamel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIPS WINDLASSES
Year: 1856

page_text: I, JOHN COPLIN, of Falmouth, in the County of Cornwall, Merchant, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIPS
WINDLASSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the construction of a double purchase windlass,
by applying on the barrel of the windlass, on each side of the main paul, a
ratchet wheel, and in adapting to each of such wheels two paul carriers, each
of which is provided with three pauls. The paul carriers are connected by
rods to levers, whose fulcrums are upon a beam or standard across the ship,
or parallel with the windlass barrel. The levers are consequently worked at
right angles to the windlass barrel, and power is applied directly to the
windlass through the pauls and levers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF STEAM POWER TO PLOUGHING & OTHER AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Pope, of Wincheap Street, in the City of
Canterbury, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF
STEAM POWER TO PLOUGHING & OTHER AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES."
Sealed the 19th September 1856, and dated the 12th July 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Pope at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th July
1856.
I, JOHN POPE, of Wincheap Street, in the City of Canterbury, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLI-
CATION OF STEAM POWER TO PLOUGHING & OTHER AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES," to
be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in the application of steam power to plough-
ing, consists in the application of a light locomotive engine, mounted on broad
wheels or rollers, having transverse ribs projecting on the periphery or other
suitable projections, to hold the ground & afford sufficient bite for traction; the
breadth of the wheels-or-rollers at-the-same time prevents any prejudicial

page_text: sinking in the ground. I attach the ploughs by suitable traction bars or
chains, using a sufficient number to plough at one time (or nearly so) the
breadth covered by the wheels or rollers.
All the ploughs are arranged the one in the rear of the other, with room to
work, the second plough throwing the land into the furrow made by the first,
& the third one throwing the land into the furrow made by the second, &
Each plough has a man in the handles to guide & control. it in the
usual manner. Other implements may be attached to this engine, & dragged
over the ground in the same manner.
AN APPARATUS POR THE BETTER WORKING OF BREAKS IN STOPPING RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Luke Duncan Jackson and Henry
Myers at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 29th September 1856.
LUKE DUNCAN JACKSON, Engineer, of Underwood, in the Parish of
Selstone, in the County of Nottingham, & HENRY MYERS, Medical Practioner,
52, Rathbone Place, Oxford Street, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN APPARATUS POR THE BETTER
WORKING OF BREAKS IN STOPPING RAILWAY TRAINS," to be as follows:-
A plate will be attached to the main frame-work of carriage by bolts; an
hydraulic cylinder and ram attached to plate & guide rod; the said guide
rod to be attached to weigh shaft that works the present breaks, with a
balance weight on said weigh shaft for sending back the ram; a passage
from cylinder to water tank to be opened when thrown out of work, that
is, when the train is required to start, the passage is opened by a connection
from carriage to carriage instantaneous. A pump is attached to cylinder of
hydraulic, and worked by an eccentric or cam motion attached to wheel or
axle-tree of carriage. The principle is, the break is worked by an hydraulic
power gained by its own motion or action, that is, of train instead of other
means.

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Luke Duncan Jackson and Henry
Myers at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 29th September 1856.
LUKE DUNCAN JACKSON, Engineer, of Underwood, in the Parish of
Selstone, in the County of Nottingham, & HENRY MYERS, Medical Practioner,
52, Rathbone Place, Oxford Street, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN APPARATUS FOR THE BETTER
WORKING OF BREAKS IN STOPPING RAILWAY TRAINS," to be as follows:-
A plate will be attached to the main frame-work of carriage by bolts; an
hydraulic cylinder and ram attached to plate & guide rod; the said guide
rod to be attached to weigh shaft that works the present breaks, with a
balance weight on said weigh shaft for sending back the ram; a passage
from cylinder to water tank to be opened when thrown out of work, that
is, when the train is required to start, the passage is opened by a connection
from carriage to carriage instantaneous. A pump is attached to cylinder of
hydraulic, and worked by an eccentric or cam motion attached to wheel or
axle-tree of carriage. The principle is, the break is worked by an hydraulic
power gained by its own motion or action, that is, of train instead of other
means.