IM- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING SHIPS, RAILWAY CARRIAGES, HOUSES, AND OTHER BUILDINGS
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Jurriaan Vichoff, of Westeinde, Amster-
dam, in the Kingdom of Holland, and Ernst Voss, of Hoafdgracht,
Nieuwedicp, in the Kingdom of Holland, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING SHIPS, RAILWAY CARRIAGES,
HOUSES, AND OTHER BUILDINGS.”
Sealed the 29th November 1872, and dated the 18th July 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Jurriaan
Viehoff and Ernst Voss at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 18th July 1872.
We, CHARLES JURRIAAN VIEHOFF, of Westeinde, Amsterdam, in the
Kingdom of Holland, and ERNST Voss, of Hoafdgracht, Nieuwediep, in
the Kingdom of Holland, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING SHIPS, RAILWAY
CARRIAGES, HOUSES, AND OTHER BUILDINGS," to be as follows:-
-
Our Invention relates to apparatus for producing a current of foul air
out of and a current of fresh air into any compartment of a ship or
railway train, apparatus of like construction being applicable generally
for purposes of ventilation.

page_text: The principle according to which our improved apparatus acts is that
which is well known as a property of a current of fluid whereby it
creates a current in other fluid brought within its influence.
In applying this principle for ventilation we employ a double tube or
a set of double tubes, the one tube being annularly surrounded by the
other. Through the inner tube we conduct a current of water, air, or
other fluid which issues from a nozzle within the outer tube, and
thereby causes a current of air to pass along the outer tube. Or the
working current may be sent along the outer annular tube, thereby
creating a current of air from the nozzle of the inner tube.
For ventilating compartments of ships, such as the engine rooms of
steamers, we make use of the discharge water of the air pumps or cir-
culating pumps, or of other pumps or ejectors, as the working fluid current,
and we connect the tube wherein the air current is produced with the
compartment to be ventilated or with several such compartments, so that
the foul air is withdrawn therefrom.
For ventilating railway carriages we make use of the current caused
by the passage of the train through the air. A convenient arrangement
of apparatus for this purpose is as follows:-On one side of the carriage
or compartment we fix a funnel-mouthed tube, which is surrounded by an
annular tube communicating with the interior of the compartment. On
the other side of the carriage or compartment we fix a similar apparatus
with the funnel mouth turned in the opposite direction. Whichever
way the carriage may run one or other of these apparatus will present
its funnel mouth forwards, and the current of air caused by the move-
ment of the train through the funnel-mouthed tube will produce a
current in the surrounding annular tube which will withdraw the
foul air from the compartment, or which by suitably arranging the
passages may be made to cause a current of fresh air to flow into the
compartment. A compound tube arrangement of the kind above
described may be mounted on the top of a railway carriage to turn
like a vane on an axis so that whichever way the carriage may run the
funnel mouth shall be always presented towards the front and receive
the current of air produced by the movement of the train. The annular
tube surrounding the nozzles of the funnel tube may be connected by
pipes with the several compartments of the carriage, which will thus
be drained of their foul air.

page_text: A similar apparatus mounted on the chimneys or ventilating shafts
of houses and other buildings so that its funnel mouth is always pre-
sented to the wind will act as a ventilator for the apartments with which
it is connected.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Jurriaan and Ernst Voss in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 9th January 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, CHARLES
JURRIAAN VIEHOFF, of Westcinde, Amsterdam, in the Kingdom of
Holland, and ERNST Voss, of Hoafdgracht, Nieuwediep, in the Kingdom
of Holland, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Charles Jurriaan Vichoff and Ernst Voss,
Her special license that we; the said Charles Jurriaan Vichoff and Ernst
Voss, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the
said Charles Jurriaan Viehoff and Ernst Voss, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR VENTILATING SHIPS, RAILWAY CARRIAGES, HOUSES, AND OTHER BUILDINGS,”
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Charles Jurriaan
Viehoff and Ernst Voss, our executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under our or their hands and seals, or under the hand
and seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Jurriaan Vichoff, on behalf
of myself and the said Ernst Voss. do hereby declare the nature of the

page_text: .
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment thereof, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and
to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say:-
Our Invention relates to apparatus for producing a current of foul
air out of and a current of fresh air into any compartment of a ship
or railway train, apparatus of like construction being applicable generally
for purposes of ventilation.
The principle according to which our improved apparatus acts is
that which is well known as a property of a current of fluid whereby
it creates a current in other fluids brought within its influence.
In applying this principle for ventilation we employ a double tube,
or a set of double tubes, the one tube being annularly surrounded by
the other. Through the inner tube we conduct a current of water, air,
or other fluid which issues from a nozzle within the outer tube and
thereby causes a current of air to pass along the outer tube, which
communicates with the compartment or locality to be ventilated. Or
the working current may be sent along the outer annular tube, thereby
creating a current of air from the nozzle of the inner tube.
For ventilating compartments of ships, such as the engine rooms and
cabins of steam ships, we make use of the discharge water from the
air pumps or circulating pumps or from other pumps or ejectors as the
working fluid current, and we connect the tube wherein the air current
is produced with the compartment to be ventilated, or with several such
compartments, so that the foul air is withdrawn therefrom.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings represents a vertical section
of an apparátus for this purpose.
A is part of the side of a steam vessel, and B is the pipe by which
the water is discharged from the air pump or condenser, or other pump
or ejector, to the discharge valve X of which the pipe B is connected.
The nozzle of this pipe is enclosed within another pipe C which com-
municates with a perforated passage or tube Y leading along the upper
part of the engine room or other compartment of the vessel. The stream
issuing from the nozzle of the pipe B induces a current of air along the
annular space surrounding it, and thus causes foul air to be withdrawn
by the pipe C from the compartment with which it communicates..

page_text: For ventilating railway carriages we make use of the current caused
by the passage of the train through the air for producing a current of
foul air from the compartments. Figure 2 shews a section of apparatus
for this purpose, and Figures 3 and 4 shew respectively to a smaller
scale a part side elevation and an end elevation of a carriage with the
apparatus attached thereto.
The apparatus consists of a funnel-mouthed tube D surrounded by
an annular tube E, which is fixed at the sides of the carriage and
communicates by a side opening E' with the interior thereof. These
apparatus are fixed with their funnel-shaped mouths in opposite
directions on each side of the carriage, as shewn at Figures 3 and 4, so
that in whichever direction the train is travelling one or other of these
apparatus presents its funnel-shaped mouth forwards, and the current of
air caused by the movement of the train through the funnel-mouthed
tube D produces a current in the surrounding tube E, whereby the
foul air is withdrawn from the carriage through the opening E', as
indicated by the arrows. The opening E¹ may be provided with a
valve F whereby the discharge of the foul air may be regulated. At
the same time that the foul air is being discharged by these apparatus
on one side of the carriage the open mouths of the tubes E on the
other side will catch up fresh air as the train travels along, a portion of
which fresh air will enter the carriage through the openings E¹. The
tube E instead of opening into one compartment only may be made to
communicate by pipes with several compartments of the carriage, so as
to effect the ventilation of all of them. These apparatus may also be
fixed on the top of the carriage instead of at the sides.
Instead of employing two sets of apparatus as described above, one
single apparatus of larger dimensions may be employed, arranged as
shewn in Figures 5, 6, and 7; Figure 5 shews a section of the apparatus,
and Figures 6 and 7 shew respectively a side view and a part end view
of a carriage with the apparatus applied thereto.
. The apparatus, consisting as before of the inner funnel-mouthed
tube D and the outer annular tube E is mounted on a vertical axis G
carried by the box H, so that it turns like a vane and thus always
presents its funnel mouth to the current of air caused by the forward
motion of the carriage. The tube E communicates by the aperture E'
with the box H, and the latter communicates with a pipe or passage I
extending along the top of the carriage. The pipe I in its turn com-

page_text: municates with the several compartments of the carriage, either through
openings formed in the roof as shewn in Figure 6, or through lateral
branch pipes I¹ leading to side openings in the compartments as shewn
in Figure 7, so that by the action of the apparatus as before described the
foul air is drawn from the several compartments along the pipes I, I',
to be discharged through the pipe E.
Apparatus similar to those shewn in Figures 2 and 5 may also be
employed for ventilating houses and other buildings, by fixing them
upon the outer openings of ventilating passages or shafts communicating
with the apartments to be ventilated. In this case the action of the
wind is utilized for producing the requisite current through the funnel-
mouthed tube D.
It will be readily understood that apparatus such as have been
described can be varied in form and dimensions to suit the circum-.
stances of the cases to which they may be applied for purposes of
ventilation.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention and the manner
in which it is to be put into practical operation, what we claim is,―
First. The use of apparatus constructed and operating substantially as
described with reference to Fig. 1, whereby a current of water discharged
from a ship is utilized for the ventilation of one or more compartments
thereof.
Second. The use of apparatus constructed and operating substantially
as described with reference to Figures 2 to 7, whereby the current of air
created by the passage of a railway carriage through the atmosphere is
utilized for the ventilation of the carriage.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Jurriaan Vichoff, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Third day of January, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
thrcc.