Year: 1888

page_text: State of Pennsylvania, one of the Unite: States of America, Clergyman, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to a new and useful pump, of which the following is a
description:
The object of my invention is to take advantage of the law governing liquids
which causes them to constantly seek a level, and rest upon the lowest point of
resistance.
1
My invention consists in the method hereinafter described of utilizing the weight
of a column or columns of water or other liquids, or the pressure of a column of gas
to neutralize the resistance which the column of liquid opposes to the action of an
ordinary force pump, or in other words, to provide a balanced pump, which will raise
a column of water to an indefinite height and with less power than has been heretofore
used. I accomplish this result, by constructing the pump so that the hydrostatic
pressure or column of water above the piston, which tends to resist the motion of the
pump piston in advance of it, shall also exert a corresponding impelling force on the
rear of the piston, which neutralizes the force of each other and permits the piston of
the pump to work unobstructed or uninfluenced by the height or weight of the
column of liquid which it is raising.
My invention, consists further in certain details of construction which will be fully
described hereinafter and pointed out in the claims.
Referring to the Drawings:
:-
Figure 1, is a vertical longitudinal sectional view of my pump.
Figure 2, is a view of one of the inside suction heads of the piston and the valves
which cover the same.
Figure 3, is a front view of one of the oscillating valves at the outer ends of the
piston heads showing the valve open.
Figure 4, is a similar view showing the valve closed.
Figure 5, is a side view of the device which I employ for operating the oscillating
valves.
Figure 6. is an end view of the device shown in figure 5.

page_text: Figure 7, is a vertical longitudinal sectional view of another form of pump, in which
the ends of the neutral cylinder or pump are left open.
Figure 8, is an end view of one of the suction heads of the piston or neutral
cylinder.
A, indicates the outside cylinder or casing, in which are located the piston, valves,
and other working parts of the pump, said cylinder being divided into two chambers
by the transverse partition, I, which is provided with an opening, through which the
piston is adapted to move back and forth. B, is a hollow neutral cylinder or piston
adapted to work back and forth through the partition, I, and in the chambers of the
cylinder, A, said piston being somewhat smaller in diameter throughout the greater
part of its length, than the diameter of the outside cylinder or casing, A, so as to
leave a chamber, B¹, on each side of the partition, between the outer walls of the
piston and the inner walls of the casing.
Both ends of the piston, B, are enlarged so as to fill or snugly fit within
cylinder, A, and are so constructed as to form hollow piston heads or chambers, O,
and, 01.
The piston heads or chambers, O, and, O¹, communicate with the hollow cylinder
or piston, B, and are bounded by the front and rear walls, a, and, b, respectively.
The rear walls, b, are provided with ports, c, on their lower portions so as to form a
communication between the hollow piston and the chambers, B³, which surround said
piston, said ports or openings, c, being controlled by suitable valves, D, and, D¹.
The valves, D, and, D', are hinged at their upper ends to the walls, b, and adapted
to move back and forth to open and close the ports, c.
The valves, D, and, D', have central holes, a, which register with the ends of the
cylinder, B, and leave them always open.
The front walls or ends, a, of the piston heads or chambers, O, and, O¹, are
perforated and are covered by the oscillating or register valves, E, and, E¹, said valves
being operated by suitable devices to open and close the perforations in the front walls, a,
as will now more fully appear.
The valves, E, and, E¹, are connected by a rod, G, which extends outside of the
cylinder, A, into the tube, I', said tube being provided with a longitudinal peripheral
slot, p, which is beveled or inclined at both ends in opposite directions as shown in
figure 5.
9, is a pin or stud secured to the rod, G, and projects into the slot, p, so that when
the piston, B, is moved in one direction and nearly reaches the end of its stroke, the
pin, g, engages with the beveled or inclined end of the slot, when the rod, G, and
valves, E, and, E¹, will be turned to operate the valves and open and close the ports in
the head, a.
The valves, E, and, E¹, are arranged on a rod, G, in such a manner that when said
rod is partly rotated by the means already described, the valves, E, and, E¹, at the ends
of the piston heads will be alternately opened and closed and when one valve is opened
the other is closed at the end of each stroko of the piston.
L, L, are glands or stuffing boxes through which the piston rod, F, and the rod,
are free to work back and forth in the usual manner.
G,
Each end of the cylinder or casing, A, is provided with openings, A¹, to which is
connected the dome, J, of the pump and, K, is the discharge pipe leading therefrom.
Instead of using the dome, J, with its two branches connecting with openings in
the ends of the cylinder, I may continue the pipes to any desired distance, and have
two discharge pipes, K, instead of one, and these pipes may be placed at any desired
angle.
M, and, M', are pipes connecting the two chambers, B₁, of the cylinder or casing, A,
with the water supply or other liquid to be raised, said pipes being provided with
suitable valves, H, and, H².
I will now proceed to describe the operation of the pump.
In figure 1, the double piston is shown as moving from right to left with the
valves, H, E, and, D¹, open and the valves, H', E', and, D, closed.
The movement of the piston head, O, causes a current of water to pass through

page_text: the pipe, M, into the cylinder back of the piston head, and the movement of the
piston head, O¹, in the other division of the cylinder, causes the water in advance of it
to pass through the port, C, into the head, O¹, and thence through the hollow piston, B,
and piston head, O, into the space in advance of the latter piston head, the water in
advance of both piston heads being forced into the dome, J, and pipe, K, part of
course flowing back to the space of the piston head, O¹. In this pumping action, the
piston is not subjected to the full hydrostatic resistance of the column of liquid in the
pipe, K, as in force pumps now in general use, because this column of water presses
not only on the forward side of the piston head through one branch of the dome, but
on the rear wall as well, through the outer branch of the dome, and in this way the
piston is balanced or kept at an equilibrium of pressure on both sides, and can stand
at any part of its stroke in a state of rest or balance.
The movement of the pump piston is therefore easy and its forcing power is very
much increased.
When the double piston reaches the end of its left stroke the valve, E, is closed,
and the valve, E¹, opened, and when the piston begins its back stroke the same move-
ment of the water, but on opposite sides of the partition, I. takes place as above
described.
In this way a continuous stream of water from the pipe, K, is maintained, for tho
pump is constantly receiving water at one side of the partition, I, and discharging it
at the other.
In figures 7 and 8, I have shown a modified construction embodying the principles
of my invention, and the leading feature of which is to dispense with the heads E,
and, E', of the piston or neutral cylinder and allow the columns of liquid within the
main cylinder and within the neutral cylinder or piston to rest against each other
which balances the piston or neutral cylinder at any point within the main cylinder.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. In the elevation of liquids from a lower to a higher level, the application of
hydrostatic pressure to a mechanical device, overcoming thereby the resistance
offered to the movement of the pump piston.
2. That step hereinbefore described in the method of raising or transferring liquids
from a lower to a higher level, which consists in applying the weight of the column
of liquid above and on one side of the piston to overcome the resistance offered by the
same column above and on the other side of the piston or neutral cylinder.
3. The method of raising or transferring liquids from a lower to a higher level,
which consists in providing two columns of liquid, one at each end of the pump
cylinder, adding liquid to each column alternately and causing each of said columns
to alternately neutralize the weight of the other in the reciprocating movement of an
intermediate piston or neutral cylinder.
4. In a device for transferring liquids from a lower to a higher level, a double
chambered cylinder having outlet pipes in the outer ends and an inlet pipe at the
inner end of each of said chambers, and a hollow piston or neutral cylinder of smaller
diameter except at the ends working within said cylinder, said piston being provided
with automatically operated valves to close the ends of the piston as set forth, whereby
the column of liquid being raised is caused to rest against the heads or valves of the
piston at each alternate stroke of the same and balance the piston or neutral cylinder
any point within the double chambered cylinder.
at
5. In a device for transferring liquids from a lower to a higher level, a main exit
pipe divided at its lower end into two branches, each communicating with the outer
ends of a double chambered cylinder in combination with a piston or neutral cylinder
having automatically operated valves at each end thereof, whereby the columns, each
of which rests against one or the other of the heads of the neutral cylinder or piston
alternately, as set forth.
6. In a device for transferring liquids from a lower to a higher level, a double

page_text: chambered cylinder, the piston or neutral cylinder, B, with heads which work snugly
within the cylinder and with the main body reduced, a partition through which the
reduced portion of the piston works, forming with the heads a space between the
outer walls of the piston and the inner walls of the chambered cylinder, supply pipes
communicating with the space in each chamber, and the check valves and automati-
cally operated valves in the ends of said piston as set forth, whereby a vacuum
chamber is formed for the inflow of water in one or the other chambers at each stroke
of the piston as set forth.
7. In a device for raising or transferring liquids from a lower to a higher level, a
divided cylinder having an opening through its partition, a double hollow piston
having a reduced portion connecting the beads fitting the opening in the partition to
reciprocate therein and with the heads fitting the cylinder to form chambers between
the partition and heads and the valves, ducts or ports, forming communicating passages
between the chambers and the hollow piston, substantially as set forth.
8. In a device for raising liquids a double chambered cylinder, the inlet and outlet
pipes communicating with each chamber, a double hollow piston or neutral cylinder
working therein, and the valved ports in the ends of the piston acting to automatically
and alternately open and close to admit and discharge the liquids around the piston
or neutral cylinder, substantially as set forth.
9. In a device for raising liquids, a divided cylinder having an opening through its
partition, a double hollow piston having a reduced portion connecting the heads,
fitting the openings in the partition to reciprocate therein, the heads fitting the
cylinder and forming chambers between the partition and heads, the ends of said
piston made hollow, the inner and outer walls of both being provided with valved
openings forming communications between the chambers and hollow piston, and the
hollow piston and outlet, and acting automatically and alternately to admit and
discharge the water from the inlet to the outlet, substantially as set forth.
10. In a device for raising liquids, a double chambered cylinder, A, a double hollow
piston or neutral cylinder, B, having the chamber, 0, 0¹, one at each end, and the
inlet and outlet pipes, in combination with valves, E, E', and the rod, G, for opening
the valves automatically in the reciprocation of the piston or neutral cylinder and the
valves, D, and, D', substantially as set forth.
11. In a device for transferring liquids from a lower to a higher level, a double
chambered cylinder having inlet and outlet ports in each chamber, a hollow neutral
cylinder or piston of smaller diameter except the heads which fit the main or double
chambered cylinder, and valves located in the heads of the piston to open and close
the ports, said valves being provided with a central opening so as to leave the
neutral cylinder open, whereby the columns of water will rest against each other
within the piston or neutral cylinder to balance the same at any point within the
main or double chambered cylinder as set forth.
12. In a device for transferring liquids from a lower to a higher level, a double
chambered cylinder having outlet pipes at each outer end, and inlet pipes at each
inner end of said chamber, a neutral cylinder or piston of smaller diameter except
the ends thereof, working within said cylinder the ends of the piston being open and
provided with valves which open and close alternately at each stroke of the neutral
cylinder or piston, to admit or shut off the water supply from the space around the
piston to the double chambers of the cylinder as set forth.
Dated this 19th day of June 1888