Improvements in Appliances or Apparatus for Securing, Locking, or Fastening Materials together.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Aug., 1887
Complete Specification Leit, 25th June, 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 24th Aug., 1888
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Appliances or Apparatus for Securing, Locking,
or Fastening Materials together.
I LAWRENCE WILSON, of 249 York Street, Cheetham Manchester in the County of
Lancaster, Timber Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to the construction of appliances or apparatus to be employed
in securing, locking, connecting or fastening together pieces, of wood, metal, ivory,
bone or other analogous material or materials or pieces, blocks or slabs of stone,
slate, marble, brick, cement, concrete, earthenware, glass, vitreous materials or
other suitable materials or any combination or composition of such materials in a
manner substantially similar to those described in a provisional specification filed
in respect of my application for Letters l'atent filed at the Patent Office upon the
same day as the application to which this provisional specification relates.
For convenience I shall hereinafter refer to the materials above mentioned as
the materials to be secured together.
In carrying the first part of my invention into effect I form the keys to be
employed for securing, locking, connecting or fastening together by forming them
of bars or pieces of wood metal ivory bone or other analogous material by means
of revolving or other cutters of suitable form or I form some of such keys by
passing bars or pieces of wood, metal ivory, bone or other analogous material
through or between suitable dies-I also propose to form some of the said keys by
means of rollers or by pressure or by moulding or by casting.
In some cases I form or provide the keys with shanks, prongs, spikes or projections
such keys then serving to secure, lock, connect or fasten the materials to be secured
together the shanks prongs spikes or projections of such keys also serving to secure
such materials to any other suitable material or support.
It will be obvious that notches, grooves or recesses are not necessarily required
when keys of metal formed as above described are employed.

page_text: In some cases I form the keys tubular or hollow or partly tubular or hollow and in
cases in which it may be desired or requisite 1 expand the keys above mentioned by
means of wedges or plugs or by any other suitable means.
In some cases I provide or form screw-threads, upon or in the key and by means
of the said screw-threads and suitable nuts or screws the key is held in position for
securing, locking, connecting or fastening the materials to be secured together.
In some cases when metal keys are employed for locking, securing, connecting or
fastening the materials to be locked, secured or fastened together such keys may be
secured by rivetting for which purpose the keys may in some cases be provided with
a suitable head or heads and when desired washers of suitable form may be employed
in conjunction with such keys.
In some cases I form the keys for securing the materials together of metal or
cement or other suitable material placed while in a fluid or plastic state in the grooves,
notches or recesses formed in the materials to be secured, locked, connected or
fastened together such metal or cement or other suitable material on solidifying
serving to secure the materials aforesaid together.
11
W. T. CHEETHAM,
Carlton Chambers,
18, St. Ann's Street, Manchester,
Agent to the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Appliances or Apparatus for Securing, Locking, or
Fastening Materials together.
I. LAWRENCE WILSON, of 249 York Street Cheetham, Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Timber Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This Invention relates to the construction of appliances apparatus and devices to he
employed in securing together or connecting picces of articles of wood, metal,
ivory, stone, artificial wood and stone, porcelain, and other similar and suitable
materials.
The appended sheet of drawings illustrates some typical examples of appliances
apparatus and devices (hereinafter called "keys") constructed according to my inven-
tion and reference is hereinafter had thereto.
The application of the keys is illustrated and described in my specification to
Letters Patent No. 11580 dated 25th August A.D. 1887.
The keys may be formed of pieces or bars of wood, compressed or in its natural
condition, metal, earthenware, cement, or other suitable material reduced, moulded,
constructed or produced to the desired form by means of rotary cutters, by dies or
rollers, by pressure, casting, moulding or by other suitable means.
Each key may have two or more enlarged parts each of which acts in effect as a
dovetail or locking device according as it is desired to connect two or more articles
together by means of the same key, and these enlargements may have an ornamental
outline when viewed in cross section.
Figs. 1-2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19 represent keys
having two enlargements respectively. Fig. 10 shows a key having three, and Fig. 11
one having four enlargements.
The key shown in Fig. 1 is formed of a ring of metal laterally compressed until it
has the form in plan of an approximate dumb-bell section. Other modifications of a
hollow or partly hollow key are shown in Figs. 14 and 15.
When it is desired to secure the keys to a support or to any other article than that
or those connected thereby, they may have shanks, prongs, spikes or projections
formed upon, attached to, or passed through them. In Figs. 3 and 7 undercut
projections are represented as formed upon the under side of the key; these form a
good key for plaster concrete, asphalte or cement. In Figs. 5, 6, 8, and 9, spikes are
shown as secured to the key by means of which the key, and consequently the articles
connected thereby may be secured to a batten support or foundation, or by means of
which another article may be connected to the key.
The keys may have any suitable degree of ornamentation which may be in the out-
line of the cross section as shown in Figs. 2, 4, 10, 11, 12, and 13, or as an addition
thereto by means of a pateras or rosette as in Fig. 9.

page_text: For some purposes the keys may be formed hollow or partly hollow and partly
solid as shown in figures 1 14 & 15; in such case the end or ends of the keys may
project through the articles connected thereby and they may be vandyked or not, and
be turned, overlapped flanged, or riveted upon the articles. When the keys have a
suitable form they may be cut transversely from rods having the required cross
section, or they may be separately formed, and they may, if desired, have any required
degree of taper.
Figure 16 represents a key having its lower end flanged. When such a key has
been inserted into the articles to be connected by it, the upper end may be flanged
upon the articles to correspond or not with the flange upon the lower end."
Plates and washers may be employed in conjunction with the keys and may form
part of a locking device as shown in figure 17 where A is a solid key in which the
studs or pins CU are secured. When the key is in position, the washer B is placed
over the studs and is secured by nuts, pins cotters or equivalent means.
The keys may in some cases be formed or produced in their permanent position in
the articles to be connected. The key-ways grooves or recesses having been formed
in the articles they are brought together as shown in figures 18 & 19 and the key
ways are filled with suitable molten metal, or with a fluid or plastic material
which will thereafter solidify or may thereafter be solidified and possess sufficient
strength.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, declare that what
I claim is
:-
(1) Appliances, apparatus, and devices for connecting suitably formed articles of
wood, metal ivory, stone, artificial wood and stone, porcelain and other similar and
suitable materials; constructed substantially as hereinbefore described, and as illus-
trated by the accompanying drawings.
(2) A locking device for connecting together three suitably formed articles; con-
sisting of a triple key or dovetail; constructed substantially as herein before described
and as illustrated by the appended drawings.
(3) A locking device for connecting together four suitably formed articles; con-
sisting of a quadruple key or dovetail; constructed substantially as hereinbefore
described and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
(4) In combination with a key or locking device for connecting suitable articles
together, means and devices for securing the key to another material such as a
foundation, support, or ornament substantially as hereinbefore described.
Dated this 23rd day of June A.D. 1888.
WILLIAM E. HEYS,
'Agent for the Applicant.