MENTS IN METALLIC TORSION SPRINGS
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Apr., 1886.
Complete Left, 10th Jan., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 11th Feb., 1887.
1, MAGNUS FINLAYSON, of 15 Spottiswoode Street, Edinburgh, in the County of
Midlothian, Carpenter, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN METALLIC TORSION SPRINGS to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a new construction or manufacture of metallic torsion.
springs, applicable to all purposes where durable elastic metallic springs are required
or used.
This improved spring is made of steel or other suitable metallic material, and of a
flat, round, square, oval, or of any desired form or section.
In order to a fuller comprehension of my invention, I shall, for the sake of
comparison, refer to the forms and construction of torsion springs extant. Three
examples may be sufficiently representative. The vertically suspended wire or torsion
spring used in the "torsion balance" is held in position at the point of suspension by
a clamp or other fastening, a needle or pointer being fixed to its lower end. In the
case of door spring, torsion is obtained by fixing brackets on the squared ends of a
steel rod, and then forcing the brackets in opposite directions. The third example or
form consists of a steel bar of rectangular section, having a bracket fixed on the centre
as well as on cach end. When the bracket or lever is forced in a direction opposite
to that of the ends, torsion is the result. But in either of these cases (be it observed)
the wires, rods, or bars are straight throughout. The distinctive difference between
the springs just described, and the new forms of my invention, are as follows :-
Whereas the former has straight rods or bars, with brackets or other attachments fixed
on the ends, and in some cases the centre also, these brackets become levers or arms,
which, when pressed in opposite directions, produce torsion. My invention consists
in bending the ends (and in some cases the centre also) of the wire, rod, or bar, itself
at right angles, or at any deviation which may be necessary. These squared or kneed
ends become levers, and when they are forced in opposite directions, torsion is the
result. I do not limit myself to any number of knees or levers in any given case.
There may be a series of them formed on one wire, rod, or bar.
The knees or levers may be bent or shaped to any desired form to suit different
applications.
These springs may also be made to do duty in pairs, or series of pairs, a pair may
be made to cross each other, intertwine, or be placed alongside each other.

page_text: Improvements in Metallic Torsion Springs.
I MAGNUS FINLAYSON of 15 Spottiswoode Street, Edinburgh, in the County of
Midlothian, Carpenter, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to a new construction or manufacture of metallic torsion
springs applicable to all purposes where durable elastic metallic springs are required
or used.
This improved spring is made of steel or other suitable metallic material, and of a
flat, round, square, oval, or of any desired form or section.
In order to a fuller comprehension of my invention I shall for the sake of comparison
refer to the forms and construction of torsion springs extant. Three examples may be
sufficiently representative. The vertically suspended wire or torsion spring used in the
"torsion balance" is held in position at the point of suspension by a clamp or other
fastening, a needle or pointer being fixed to its lower end. In the case of the door
spring torsion is obtained by fixing brackets on the squared ends of a steel rod, and
then forcing the brackets in opposite directions. The third example or form consists
of a steel bar of rectangular section, having a bracket fixed on the centre as well as on
each end. When the centre bracket or lever is forced in a direction opposite to that
of the ends, torsion is the result. But in either of these cases (be it observed) the
wires, rods, or bars are straight throughout. The distinctive difference between the
springs just described, and the new forms of my invention is as follows:- -Whereas
the former have straight rods, or bars, with brackets or other attachments fixed on the
ends, (and in some instances the centre also); these brackets become levers or arms,
which when pressed in opposite directions, produce torsion. My invention consists in
bending the ends (and in some cases the centre also) of the wire, rod, or bar itself, at
right angles, or at any deviation which may be necessary. These squared or kneed
ends become levers, and when they are forced in opposite directions torsion is the
result. I do not limit myself to any number of arms, knees, or levers, in any given
case. There may be a series of them formed on one wire, rod, or bar.
The said arms, knees, or levers, may be bent or shaped in any form to suit different
applications.
These springs may also be made to do duty in pairs or series of pairs, a pair may be
made to cross each other, intertwine, or be placed alongside each other."
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
The production or manufacture of an improved metallic torsion spring made from a
wire, rod, or bar of steel or other suitable metallic material, and of any desired form
or section, having the required arms, knees, or levers formed of the wire, rod, or bar
itself; and the application and use of such improved torsion spring for all purposes
wherein a durable and elastic spring is required, substantially in the manner herein
before described.
Tזוז
AVDAN