IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILROADS
Year: 1867

page_text: Scaled the 6th September 1867. and dated the 16th July 1867.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Henri Adrien Bonneville at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 16th July 1867, pursuant to the 9th Section of
the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I HENRI
ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices, 24, Rue du
Mont Thabor. Paris. in the Empire of France, and 38. Porchester Terrace.
Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILROADS," a communication from Achille. Philippe
Cyprien Legrand, a person resident at Mons. in the Kingdom of. Belgium.
Manufacturer. and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me, my
executors: administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the
same, and made solemn Declaration that it is a communication.
Price Sd 1

page_text: declare that the following Complete Specification. under my hand and seal.
fully describes and ascertains the nature of the Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed. that is in say :-
The improvements communicated to me relate to a new and improved
means of fixing rails in combination with an improved system of metallic
sleepers.
These improvements are represented in the various Figures of the accom-
panying Drawings, reference being had to the letters marked thereon.
The combined parts composing Figure 1. which is a horizontal projection
of Figure 1. are as follows:-
A. A, are spurred hooks adjusting themselves in the sleeper; two holes with
a little space to introduce them are made on the upper part of the sleeper.
The hook A on the side of the wedge is higher than on the other, because the
metal plate B which is at an inclination of 20° towards the axis of the road
answers here the purpose of a tightening corner: after having placed the hig
hook. the metal plate B in which a mortise is made on the flat part is
inserted into the hook and resis against the upper surface of the sleeper.
The rooin for play which exists in the mortise of the key allows of with-
drawing it so as to place the rail below the big hook A. and on the upper
part of the metal key plate; the smaller hook A is then inserted perfectly by
inclining the upper beak towards the rail. So disposed it will merely be
necessary to drive down the metal key plate; its tightening between the
upper part of the sleeper and the under pari of the rail will lower the one
and raise the other, so that the two hooks may thoroughly confine the under
part of the sleeper and the foot of the rail. This metal key plate is notched
on the opposite side of the tightening in order to pass between the hook so as
noi to hinder the tightening. The metal key plate thus placed can no longer
come out this tightening takes place in the longitudinal direction of the
sleeper.
spur, and the
the faculty of
letter a. The
Figure 2 is a horizontal projection of Figure 2. The hooks are the same as
those of Figure 1; they may be made with their under beak clinched. as set
forth by the hook B in Figure 2", or in Figure 16, without
same in all the Figures where the hooks are indicated. with
using one or the other, so also with regard to Figure 14,
inclined metal key plate C. less wide than the rail. is bent
extremities in such a manner as to be able to embrace astraddle the upper part
of the sleeper: it exerts its tightening power towards the hook B¹ by the
action of the key d. which completes by its width the required inclination: it
down at both

page_text: is conical, as also the metal plate C. in order to exert a thorough tightening
in the transversal direction of the sleeper. The key d may be cleft and
furnished with clicks at its extremity so as to prevent its coming out. The
pressure will cause to hook. as in Figure 1. the inside extremities of the
hooks resting on one side against the under side of the sleeper. and on the
upper side of the foot of the rail on the other. R. Figure 2. represents an
iron sleeper whose section is specially intended for metallic sleepers: its usage
gives the road a yielding or clastic power, and I claim it as my Invention, as
also that of Figure 3. on which is a piece of iron of equal thickness and whose
inclination is effected by some sort of pressure so as to do away with the
rivets to fix it to the sleeper: it embraces ästraddle the upper part of the
sleeper. A notch to pass between the cramp iron might be made on the side
opposite to the tightening: this metal plate. as also that c. Figure 2. will
exert its tightening action in the longitudinal direction of the sleeper relatively
to the key acting transversally. I can also place a metal key plate of a
single piece exerting its tightening power in a transversal direction to the
sleeper, acting on the inside of the iwo cramp irons, and having the necessary
inclination. This metal plate may be cleft at its extremity. and act as a
spring.
Figure 4 is the horizontal projection of Figure 4: the hook is the same
as that already described. The metal plate d is jointed in the sleeper. and
differs from that of Figure 2 in this, that it has the width of the rail, and that
it does not tighten. The hook P uplifted by the key R which exerts its
pressure on the upper part of the sleeper. and on the under part of the hook.
maintains sufficiently the rail in position.
Figure is the horizontal projection of Figure 5. The hook and the
metal plate are the same as those already described. The hook V is without
click, and conical in shape in order to receive the horizontal key r, which
exerts its pressure against the hook in and drives the rail against the hook f.
The key may or may not be cleft.
The combined parts of Figure 6'. which is the horizontal projection of
Figure 6. are made up of 3 hooks, of which the two smaller ones are on the
outside relatively to the road. The spring metal key plate is cleft to allow of
its passage through the hook 0 placed outside; the two other hooks are
dented in such a manner as to receive the click of the inclined metal key
plate, and thai as soon as the tightening takes place these nicks are intended
to remedy the requirements of rolling the irons: this key is inserted, as in
Figure 1. between the upper part of the sleeper and the under part of the
rail in order to produce the effect already described.

page_text: The combined parts of Figure 7. which is the horizontal projection of
Figure 7, consist in 1°. the two metal plate iron hooks rolled to an inclination
of 20°, and clinched red hot to hook the rail, and the extremities of which
have been clinched afterwards to the shape of hooks and placed as set forth
in Figure "the key a conical in the direction of its length to form the
inclination is afterwards conical on both sides of its thickness, as also the two
metal plate books, in order to prevent it uprising through the tightening.
This key may also be cleft and carry clicks as well as the two metal plate
hooks.
The combined parts of Figure 8'. which is the horizontal projection of
Figure 8. consist of the piece z which begins the inclination: this piece
clinched red hot in both directions seizes on one side the foot of the rail, and
on the other the under part of the sleeper. The piece 1. which completes
the inclination, is driven by the wedge f, which takes its rest on the hook q:
the cone which exists between the pieces I and q does not allow of the key f
rising.
Figure 9 is the horizontal projection of Figure 9. The two hooks . '.
are the same as those described in Figure 1, only the one placed towards the
inside of the road is denied on both its sides. The metal key plate O giving
the inclination has a cleft in the middle so as to answer the purpose of a
spring it is inserted between the two hooks, the two branches closing
inwardly and the clicks catch in with the notches of the book or outside the
hook.
In Figure 10', which is the horizontal projection of Figure 10. there are 4
looks between which the inclination key is inserted. cleft in the middle.
and having clicks: its use is the same as that of the metal plate 1'.
Figure 6.
The combined parts of Figure 11, which is the horizontal projection of
Figure 11, are as follow:-The hook B, is larger than the hook c, so as to
receive the wedge O in its whole width and to maintain the foot of the rail:
its use is the same as the other hook; it is placed on the sleeper, and is
distant from the rail the whole thickness of the key. The inclined metal
plate . which may be notched at its extremity towards the axis of the road.
and which may also be clinched so as to embrace the sleeper in its width,
may equally answer the purpose of a tightening metal plate relatively to the
key O or not, as the case may be..
The combined parts of Figure 12. which is the horizontal projection of
Figure 12, are as follow:-1°, two conical hooks such as put in the sleeper
with conical holes. Figure 13. letter R; 20, an inclined metal plate key cleft.

page_text: in the middle, non-elastic, but dented on the side of the wedging so as to
receive the shoulder of hook W when the metal key plate is driven down;
the hook W is lifted when the wedging takes place so as to let the metal
plate pass; its driving down taking place afterwards. The shoulder enters the
notches, and prevents the metal key plate from coming out. The unwedging
may be effected with pincers by uplifting the cramp iron to set the metal
plate quite free. The cramp iron W may be clinched underneath to prevent
it rising.
.
Figure 15 represents a rolled bearing with ribs, the section of which is
viewed in Figure 15'. The bearing of the ribbed iron, letter P, adapts
itself astraddle on the metallic sleeper, the section of which is represented by
the letter R, and which I claim as being the iron which best suits my ribbed
bearing; this bearing is made by bending down the ribs inwardly whilst
bending the iron under the form of a bearing. An inclination of 20° may be
given to this kind of bearing; K is the bearing; N, the bolts; O, the nuts
encased inside the sleeper so as to be able to tighten from below; M, the
wedge.
The combined parts of Figure 16', which is the horizontal projection of
Figure 16, are as follow:-The piece a is in rolled iron and of the width of
the sleeper, the hook which maintains the rail is beaten down red hot, as also
that which is placed underneath the sleeper; this piece forms the inclination.
The draw bottom screw B with the head divided in 4 tightens the rail against
the sleeper, and the nut is maintained inside the sleeper in the direction of
its width.
I reserve to myself the faculty of placing a catch or intermediate piece
between the head of the draw-bottom screw and the metal plate; in that
case the hole to be made in the sleeper would be removed according to the
width to be given to the catch or intermediate piece.
The combined parts of Figure 17, which is the horizontal projection of
Figure 17, are as follow:-Two cleft cramp irons with heads placed in the
thickness of the sleeper. C is a soldered piece underneath the sleeper: O is a
piece at an inclination of 20°. I claim these cleft cramp irons in the laying
down of rails.
Figure 18 represents a sleeper, the iron section of which is indicated in
Figure 18. A represents the iron in the form of a square; B, the wooden
wedge; C, the iron piece which may be suppressed at will; d. the rail.
The Figures 19, 20, and 21 are sections of iron specially intended for
railroad sleepers. The notches are made as herein-before represented in
Figure 18, following the section of the rail, and this latter is wedged with

page_text: wood with or without the iron piece.
The sleeper is always pierced with as
many holes as there are hooks to place. and which are figured on the
Drawings. Should the inclination so happen to be suppressed I reserve to
myself the right of wedging in this manner. The tightening may be
effected at my option, either on the inside or on the outside of the road. I
further reserve to myself the right of placing between the rail and the metal
key plate a small piece of wood or iron, the object of which is to prevent the
wear or abrasion of the key.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention. and the manner
of carrying the same into effect, what I claim is, the different combinations
of the sleepers and modes of fastening herein-before set forth and described.
and notably,
1. The form and the working of the hooks, as herein-before set forth and
described.
20. The manner of wedging.. by means of the inclination metal plate, either
in the longitudinal of transversal direction of the rail, and the different forms
given to it, as herein-before set forth and described.
3. The form of the keys and of the cramp irons, and their manner of
operating as herein-before set forth and described.
4". The section of the irons adaptable to the iron sleepers.
In witness whereof, 1. the said Henri Adrien Bonneville. have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of July. in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
H. BONNEVILLE. (..s.)