Year: 1897

page_text: I, LOUIS HAYOT, of 35, Rue Nationale, Lerouville, Department of Meuse,
France, Officer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of the present invention is a gas-turbine, the principle of which
is based upon the utilization of the force of a mass of air previously compressed
mixed with a gaseous combustible which raises its temperature at a constant
pressure, and expanded in an adjutage properly widened for this purpose, which
leads it to the float-boards of the turbine.
The apparatus is composed of a parallel turbine with partial injection, on the
float-boards of which the fluid is brought expanded by means of a variable
number of pipes and whose axis form a very small angle with the plane of the
wheel.
The axle of the turbine bears a double helicoidal toothed pinion, or an endless
screw with ball bearing which transmits the movement, reduced to the desired
proportion, to an auxiliary axle; this axle itself puts into movement, by means
of a worm gear, a second auxiliary axle whose function is to work the pumps;
air-pump, gas or petroleum pump.
The atmospheric air is sucked and forced by the compression pump, under a
determinate pressure into a reservoir which serves as pressure regulator and
accumulator for the starting. The gas or the petroleum are forced under the
same pressure by special pumps into a chamber called steam chamber, which is
at a high temperature and where the petroleum vaporizes as it arrives. The
compressed air empties into the steam chamber by a pipe, forces before it the gas
or the petroleum vapours with which it mixes, and penetrates into a chamber
called combustion chamber whose sides are at a high temperature. .
The mixture takes fire in it spontaneously as it comes, increases in tempera-
ture and volume, its pressure remaining constant, and escapes by the pipes which
lead it completely expanded to the float-boards of the receiving wheel or turbine
properly-so-called.
L. DUVINAGE,
Agent for Applicant.

page_text: manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement: ---
The present invention relates to gas-motors and the special object thereof is a
turbine in which the motive power is produced by utilization of the vis viva of
a mass of air previously compressed and mixed with a gaseous combustible, and
afterwards expanded in one or several suitable expansion chambers or equivalents.
By means of this turbine a higher efficiency is obtained than with engines
worked by pistons now employed and further, with equal power it is much
lighter than said engines and therefore is very advantageous for railways, marine
and river navigation and ballooning, and for autocars; finally the substitution
for the rectilinear and reciprocating motion of the piston of the rotary motion of
the turbine is found of great advantage and permits dynamos & other electric
machines, centrifugal pumps, and practically all machines, to be driven directly.
In the annexed drawing, one form of my improved turbine is shown, and in
this drawing:
Fig. 1 is an elevation of the complete turbine and its accessories, showing the
heat-regenerative chamber in section;
Fig. 2 is a front view of a portion of the driving-wheel;
Fig. 3 shows a longitudinal section on a larger scale of a chamber h, a com
bustion chamber and other details arranged in their casing.
Fig. 4 is a detail in section of the arrangement for adjusting the petroleum
pump.
Fig. 5 shows a cross section of the lower plate of the air-pump and
Fig. 6 is a section of the regulating device of the gas holder.
This turbine consists essentially of a turbine wheel A, chambers, referred to in
the Provisional Specification as steam chambers, located in the casing B, of a
compressed air reservoir C, a heat-regenerating chamber D, an exhauster E an
air pump, a water pump G, and a gas or petroleum pump H and of all the
pipes and suitable transmission devices.
The driving wheel A is a parallel turbine with partial injection provided with
cut paddles.
2.
This wheel is fixed on a long, thin and flexible shaft preferably revolving in
anti-friction ball bearings; furthermore a steel hoop & surrounds & connects
the paddles to reduce as far as possible the retarding action of the air on their
ends.
When the temperature of the escape gas is very high the hoop d is provided on
the outside with a groove e through which the water thrown on this hoop to cool the
wheel and at the same time also the chamber thereof, in order to increase
the speed and therefore the vis viva of the gases projected against the wheel
escapes.
The gases driving the wheel A are directed in jets on the paddles a of this
wheel by the tubes or tuyers f in which the gas is expanded.
These tuyers are made of steel, iron, platinium or any suitable metal, and are
in section as like as possible to the form of the jet; their number is variable
according to the power of the turbine, but there cannot be less than two, symme-
trically arranged with regard to the axis of the wheel, as shown in Fig. 1, and
so that their axes are slightly inclined to the plane of the wheel, as indicated
in Fig. 3.
Each tuyer is generally in combination with a combustion chamber g on which
it is screwed, as well as a chamber h, but when the tuyers are very close to one
another, several of them may be secured to one combustion chamber.
The combustion chambers g (Fig. 3) are made of steel, platinium or any other
suitable metal; they can also be lined with fire-clay and have small wings inside
to facilitate the spontaneous combustion of the explosive mixture..
Each of the combustion chambers carries at its back part a chamber h of
steel, platinium or any suitable metal and is provided with small wings inside.

page_text: On the back part of chamber h is screwed a plate with conical rim i arranged
in the axis of the chamber and leading the compressed air into this chamber;
further, the latter receives the combustible, for example, petroleum, gas and the
like through a pipe j discharging into the upper part thereof (Fig. 3).
l
The lower part of the chambers g and his provided with perforated tubes k
which project into said chambers and are branched on to a pipe leading to a
small petroleum reservoir heated by a lamp. These tubes are intended to heat
chambers and h when the machine is set in motion, and for this purpose they
are fed with petroleum vapour produced by the small reservoir with which they
are connected. These vapours are lighted through the aperture m made for the
purpose in the safety casing B and which aperture is ordinarily closed by a plug
(Fig. 3).
''
The casing B is a cylindrical steel or iron box, separable into 2 pieces, and
housing the chamber h, the combustion chamber g and the tuyer f; this casing
may be lined with fireclay in order to avoid any loss of heat; further, it is con-
nected by means of a pipe n with the compressed air reservoir C and carries at
its fore end a sheet iron plate p-arranged very near the lateral' face of" the
paddle-wheel A to diminish the resistance of the air during the rotation of the
latter.
The casings B are secured to the supports q and lodged, as well as the paddle-
wheel A in a compartment of the chamber D formed by the partitions rr said
compartment being connected with the chamber by the open top end of 'said
compartment.
زاد
U
The compressed air reservoir C is composed of copper pipes with small annular
wings, said pipes being placed horizontally in the heat-regenerating chamber D,
made of a sheet-iron case lined with fire-proof material and faced externally, with
sheets of polished brass. This case is divided by horizontál iron sheets s into a
number of compartments communicating with one another alternately by one
and other end, and thus separating the copper pipes Cinto groups (Fig. 1).
.
The case D is provided at its lower part with an exhauster E ensuring the
escape of the waste gas; furthermore, holes closed by doors t are provided in the
upper wall of the case to enable the burnt gas to escape directly into the outer
ai when the turbine is stopped.
The case D can be left out and replaced by a-cylindrical casing enclosing the
air reservoir C and in which circulates the escape gas.
..
The lower end of the air-reservoir -C is connected with the air-pump F by
means of a pipe provided with a cock, a gauge and a trap or equivalent, the
latter being simply formed of a box containing a sponge preventing or hindering
the water, drawn by the compressed air, from entering the air reservoir C
(Fig. 1).
[
The air-pump F is a double acting compression pump with bronze cylinder
having radiating wings or being surrounded with a water jacket to absorb the
heat produced by the compression of the air.
The valves of the pump F are formed-by-balls-, lodged in the covers of the
cylinder which is also bored with a number of small holes wc for the injection
of water, in a fine spray, into the cylinder during the compression:
44. 111
2.45 132.1
The cover,
shown in Fig. 5; is the bottom cover of the cylinder but the top
cover differs from it only in having the pins z provided with small spiral-springs
forcing the balls on to their seats as soon as the compressing piston has arrived
at the end of its stroke.
The outer air is drawn into the cylinder through the passages Z₁and the com-
pressed air is forced through the passages Z into the pipe u leading it to' the air
reservoir C (Figs. 1 & 5).
•
"
.
+1
In this pump, on account of the great velocity of the piston, the latter is pre-
ferably made of strong and very light metal such as alumininim and its two
faces are covered with felt discs, kept wet to cool them 13

page_text: The pump G (Fig. 1) is a double acting pump for throwing water into the
compressing cylinder F with which it is connected by means of pipes.
The petroleum pump, shown in Fig. 4, is a small single acting force pump.
The body of the pump is composed of a stationary cylinder 6 and an inner
sleeve d' which the piston reciprocates by frictional contact in its vertical motion
so as to successively open and shut the passages e¹, ft for forcing the petroleum.
In order that the discharge from the petroleum pump may vary and always
be proportinate to the work, the turbine is to do, a wedge g arranged at the
lower part of the cylinder 61 is secured to the end of a screwed rod h¹ which,
being worked by the regulator of the machine in any known method, is screwed
on or unscrewed from the stationary nut and thus produces lateral motion of
the wedge.
The wedge g enters therefore more or less under the inner sleeve d' and thus
causes an incomplete closing of the supply passage el and also an incomplete
opening of the delivery passage f¹. The piston which has a notch for the
passage of the wedge g¹ will throw therefore into the delivery passage f¹, during
its down stroke, a quantity of petroleum which varies with the position of the
wedge.
The admission pipe el is connected with the petroleum reservoir containing, an
air column or equivalent for regulating the flow of petroleum which passes
through the pipe into the chambers h.
When the engine is actuated by explosive gas instead of petroleum vapour, the
pump H is double acting and is provided with a regulator like that already
described for the petroleum pump; but in order that the action of the regulator
be efficient, the pressure within the gas reservoir must be constant (Fig. 6). For
this purpose the reservoir q¹ is provided with a piston the rod of which acts
on a slide-valve which partly or even completely cuts off the communication
between the gas reservoir and the compression pump. The pressure of the gas
on the piston is equalized by a spiral spring m the tension of which is in
proportion to that of the gas. The slide-valve is housed in a box O¹ which
latter is enclosed in an outer casing so that the gas which may escape through
the joints is collected in this casing, and conducted back to the gas pump through
the pipe p¹.
The slide-valve may also be introduced into the pipe leading the gas to the
compression pump H and in this case it reduces more or less the exit area of the
passage for the gas, according to the higher or lower pressure within the reser-
voir q¹.
1
The pumps F and G are operated by connecting-rods driven by the crank-
shaft carrying an eccentric y and a pulley respectively driving the petro-
leum or gas pump H and the exhauster E.
On the shaft is fitted a double helicoidal toothed wheel t meshing with a
pinion of the same kind fixed on the intermediate shaft 2 which carries on its
end the driving pulley u¹ by which the power produced by the turbine is trans-
mitted to any machine or suitable pulley.
The shaft t is driven by the shaft
gears similar to those above referred to.
of the turbine wheel by means of two
The shafts b, s and t2 journal in suitable supports a!, preferably provided with
antifriction ball bearings (Fig. 1).
This turbine operates as follows:
The outer air is forced by the compression pump under suitable pressure into
the reservoir C acting as a pressure regulator and accumulator for starting.
The
The compressed air, circulating in the pipes C, (Fig. 1) is heated by the escape
gas, and reaches through the tuyer the chamber which receives at the same
time gas or petroleum forced by the pump H at the same pressure as the air.
gas or petroleum arriving into the chamber h, which is highly heated, is
vaporized and the vapours thus produced are driven into the combustion cham-

page_text: berg by the compressed air, with which they mix. On account of the high
temperature of the walls of the chamber the mixture takes fire spontaneously
as it arrives and thus increases in volume and in temperature. The burnt gases
then escape with great velocity by the tuyer f leading them quite expanded to
the paddles of the turbine wheel A (Figs. 2 and 3).
The gases, on account of their great velocity, possess a considerable force or
momentum which they impart to the driving wheel by striking on the paddles a,
they then escape on the other side of the wheel and arrive at the heat-regenerat-
ing chamber where they impart to the air reservoir C a great part of their heat,
and whence they are drawn by the exhauster into the outer air.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1) An explosive gas turbine of the class described characterised by utilizing
the force or momentum of a mass of air previously compressed, mixed with a
gaseous combustible raising its temperature under constant pressure and expanded
in suitably shaped expansion chambers or equivalents all for the purpose and
substantially set forth."
2) In an explosive gas turbine of the class described the combination of a
parallel turbine with partial injection, safety casings, each comprising a cham-
her h, a combustion chamber and an expansion chamber or the like; a compressed
air reservoir, a heat-regenerating chamber, an exhauster, air pumps, water pumps,
and petroleum or gas pumps, and finally, all the transmission devices and acces-
sories, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
3) In an explosive gas turbine of the class described, a parallel turbine for par-
tial injection characterised by a wheel provided with cut paddles or the like on
the periphery thereof, the said wheel being also provided with a hoop secured to
the ends of the paddles to reduce the friction with the air, substantially as and
for the purpose set forth.
4) In an explosive gas turbine of the class described, a safety casing char-
acterised by a cylindrical metallic casing lined with fire-proof material and within
which is arranged a chamber with conical tuyers or the like and secured to the
back of a suitably shaped combustion chamber carrying on its front end an ex
pansion chamber or the like; the said safety casing being provided with a light-
ing port normally closed by a plug and with a compressed air admission pipe;
and the said chamber receiving the combustible by a suitable conduit, and the
compressed air through its conical buyer or the like, and further provided, as
well as the combustion chamber, with inner perforated tubes, branched on a
pipe connected with a petroleum or gas reservoir, substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
5) In an explosive gas turbine of the class described, an air-pump character-
ised by the arrangement, in the covers of the cylinder, of spherical balls serving
as valves and of small water-reservoirs communicating with the interior of the
cylinder by means of perforations by which the water is thrown into the cylinder
in a fine spray substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
6) In an explosive gas turbine of the class described. in combination with a
petroleum pump. a regulating arrangement consisting of a regulating wedge and
by a sleeve arranged on the pump piston and moving with it; the sal sleeve
having on its lower part openings for admission and escape of gas, and the said
regulating wedge being operated by the regulator of the engine by any known
means, to enter more or less into the inlet hole of the sleeve. in order to prevent
the complete closing of this hole and the complete opening of the discharge hole,
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
7) In an explosive gas turbine of the class described, the combination with the
gas reservoir of a regulator characterised by a piston arranged in the wall of the

page_text: reservoir and having a rod, at the end of which is secured a slide-valve to com-
pletely or partially cut off the passage of the gas, the said piston being pressed
on its outer face by a spiral-spring to equalize the pressure of the gas contained
in the reservoir, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
1
LOUIS HAYOT,
By his Agents, Horn, Son & Co.,
151, Strand (next to Somerset House).