IMPROVEMENTS IN THE USE AND APPLICATION OF FLUIDS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER and IN APPARATUS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Searle, of 2, Manor Gardens, (Hackney,
in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE USE AND APPLICATION OF FLUIDS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER and
IN APPARATUS FOR THE SAME."
Scaled the 12th November 1872, and dated the 12th June 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Searle at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th June 1872.
I, RICHARD SEARLE, of 2, Manor Gardens, Hackney, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IN-
PROVEMENTS IN THE USE AND APPLICATION OF FLUIDS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE
POWER AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE SAME," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the use and
application of fluids for obtaining motive power, and in apparatus for
the same.
My Invention consists in having columns or bodies of fluids in contact
with one side of the pistons of a twin engine. To obtain motion Į

page_text: allow a portion of the fluid to escape into reservoirs, pipes, or other
suitable places, through openings in pipes connected with the lower
part of the columns or bodies of fluids (which openings can be opened
and closed by valves, cocks, or slides worked preferentially by the
machinery of the apparatus), thereby putting the columns or bodies of
fluids or a portion thereof in motion. When suddenly arresting the said
fluids in motion or a portion thereof by closing the openings in the
pipes by valves or other means as before mentioned, the pressure,
momentum, impact, or power by any other name of the fluids wholly
or in part is brought to bear upon the pistons, which yielding thereto
imparts motion to the other parts of the apparatus in connection with
them. This operation being alternate each piston is acted upon by the
pressure or other power in its turn. In connection with the apparatus,
and forming part thereof, and preferentially worked thereby, I attach
a pump or pumps or other apparatus for lifting fluids to raise the
fluid which escapes through the openings in the pipes when not closed
by the valves or other means in order again to use it to act upon the
pistons as before described.
The power I so obtain by the sudden stoppage of the fluids in motion
or a portion thereof exerted on the pistons being in excess of the force
required to overcome the column or body of fluid or a portion thereof in
contact with the pistons when alternately not the descending or acting
column or body of fluid or part thereof, as also to work the pump or
pumps, or other apparatus for lifting fluids before mentioned, is
applicable for purposes of motive power.
When my apparatus is used on board a ship or other vessel I may
use the water in which the floats as the column or body of water to
work it, and in which case I may also use the pump or pumps or other
apparatus for raising water to expel the waste water escaping through
the valves before mentioned through the bottom or side of the ship or
other vessel.
The before mentioned mode of carrying out my Invention for
obtaining motive power by means of moving columns or bodies of fluid
alternately set in motion and arrested I use preferentially, not confining
myself strictly to its details.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Richard Scarle in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 10th December 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
SEARLE, of 2, Manor Gardens, Hackney, in the County of Middlesex, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her licirs and successors,
give and grant unto the said Richard Scarle, Her special licence
that I, the said Richard Scarle, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as the said Richard Searle, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, usc, cxcrcise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN,
THE USE AND APPLICATION OF FLUIDS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER AND IN
APPARATUS FOR THE SAME," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Richard Scarle, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and scals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Scarle, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
To obtain.
My Invention consists in having columns or bodies of fluids in
contact with one side of the pistons of a twin engine.
motion I allow a portion of the fluid to escape into reservoirs, pipes,
or other suitable places through openings in pipes connected with the
lower parts of the columns or bodies of fluids (which openings can be
opened and closed by valves, cocks, or slides worked preferentially by
the machinery of the apparatus), thereby putting the columns or
'

page_text: bodies of fluids or a portion thereof in motion. When suddenly arresting
the said fluids in motion, or a portion thereof, by closing the openings
in the pipes by valves or other means, as before mentioned, the pressure,
momentum, impact, or power (by any other name) of the fluids, wholly
or in part, is brought to bear upon the pistons, which yielding thereto
impart motion to the other parts of the apparatus in connection with
them. This operation being alternate each piston is acted upon by the
pressure or other power in its turn. In connection with the apparatus
and forming part thereof, and preferentially worked thereby, I attach
pumps or other apparatus for lifting fluids, to raise the fluid which
escapes through the opening in the pipes when not closed by the
valves or other means in order again to use it to act upon the pistons,
as before described. The power I so obtain by the sudden stopping
of the fluids in motion or a portion thereof exerted on the pistons,
being in excess of the force required to overcome the column or body
of fluid or a portion thereof in contact with the pistons when not the
descending or acting column or body of fluid or part thereof, as also
to work the pump or pumps or other apparatus for lifting fluids, before
mentioned, is applicable for purposes of motive power.
When my apparatus is used on board a ship or other vessel I may s
use the water in which she floats as the column or body of water to work
it, and in this case I may also use the pump or pumps or other apparatus
for raising water to expel the waste water escaping through the valves
(before mentioned) through the bottom or side of the ship or vessel.
The before-mentioned mode of carrying out my Invention for obtaining
motive power by means of moving columns or bodies of fluids alter-
nately set in motion and arrested I use preferentially, not confining
myself strictly to its details.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention for "Im-
provements in the Usc and Application of Fluids for Obtaining Motive a
Power, and in Apparatus for the same," I will now proceed morc
particularly to describe in what manner the same is to be performed
by the following description, reference being made to the accompanying
Drawings.

page_text: a, a, is a rescrvoir or tank elevated above the engine, so as to give the
required head of water; b, b', are pipes leading from the tank a, a, to
the cylinders c, c', and opening into the tank d, d, below the engine;
c, e', are pistons working in the cylinders c, c', and connected together
by rods ff, through which they communicate motion to the crank h,
shaft g, and fly wheel i, i; j,j', are air chambers attached to the cylin-
ders c, c', and acting as air buffers or cushions to prevent injury to the
cylinders or pipes by the sudden action of the water when stopped in
its flow; k, k', are pipes communicating from the tank d, d, to the
cylinders c, c', and from thence to the tank a, a; 1, 1', 1ª, 1³, arc valves
opening upwards. The pipes 6, 6', have throttle valves m, m³, fitted to
them; these valves are opened and closed by a cam n on the shaft g,
acting through rods o, o, and o¹, o', so as to allow the springs q, q',
to act on the collars p, p', and so close the throttle valves m, m³. It
should be understood that my engine is not necessarily worked with
the special form of pumps as formed by the pipes k, k¹, and valves
,,,, as any other form and size of apparatus for raising fluids may
be employed instead, for example, a rotary pump driven from the shaft
of the engine.
The action of my engine is as follows:-The tank a, a, being filled
with water, and the valve m opened by the cam n, water flows from
the tank a, a, through the pipe b to the tank d, d; the valve m is
now suddenly closed by the spring 9, and the velocity of the water
being arrested it acts on the piston e moving it before it, the water on
the other side of the piston e is forced forward by the piston through
the valve up the pipe k. The piston e' being connected with the
piston e is also moved in the same direction, the water in the cylinder c¹
and pipe being forced before it through a height equal to the
length of stroke, and discharging it into the tank a, a, the valve l² is
closed by the superincumbent weight of water in the pipe and the
piston e draws after it water through the valve 13 into the cylinder c¹
from tank d, d. The engine having now completed a stroke the valve
m³ is opened by the cam n and water flows from the tank a, a, is
suddenly arrested by the closing of the valve m', by the spring q',
and the piston e¹ moved back again, forcing before it water in the
cylinder c and pipe . The piston e being connected with e¹ is also
acted on and forces before it the water in the cylinder c and the pipe b,
and draws through the valve l' water from the tank d, d, and so

page_text: alternately to and fro, and acting on the crank / to produce rotary
motion, which can be used for any purposes for which such motion is
generally used. The engine can be stopped and started by throwing
the cam 1 out and into gear or by any other suitable means.
Having now particularly described the nature of my Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, I hereby declare that I
claim,―
First. The "Improvements in the Use and Application of Fluids for
Obtaining Motive Power," by using columns or bodics of fluids in
contact with the pistons of engines by allowing a portion of the fluids
to escape in order to get the columns or bodies of fluids in motion, and
by suddenly arresting the motion and communicating the pressure to
the pistons.
And, secondly. The apparatus substantially as described in the above
Specification, and as illustrated by the accompanying Drawings, it being
understood that I do not limit myself to the precise details shown and
described, as these may require to be modified to suit various conditions,
nor do I claim the mere details of my apparatus per se and apart from
the purposes described.
C T 4. Dichord Souple have hereunto set.
Witness,
F. WRIGHT.
RICHARD SEARLE. (L.S.)