Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres, Non-slipping Bands, and Wheels for Cycles and other Vehicles.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Mar., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 15th Dec., 1899-Accepted, 10th Mar., 1900
Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres, Non-slipping Bands, and Wheels
for Cycles and other Vehicles.
We, JOHN WILLIAM HOLLAND, 10, Sparsholt Road, Crouch Hill, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer, and ARTHUR ANTHONY, 60, Great Hampton Street,
Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Cycle Maker, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to pneumatic tyres, non slipping bands and wheels for
cycles and other vehicles and comprises such improvements whereby greater
strength and support are given to pneumatic tyres, greater comfort is experienced
in riding as there is a larger inflated area of the tyre outside the rim, a more
simple and expeditious method of attaching and detaching the covers is obtained,
the liability to side slip is considerably reduced and the rims of the wheels are
strengthened and prevented from bulging and cracking.
One of the improvements consists in the use of a cane for fixing a detachable
cover, made so far as materials go in the usual way, to the rim of the wheel
which cane is quite distinct from the cover and the rim. This cane is not made
to form an endless ring and may be in one or more pieces. A groove or channel
is formed in the rim of the wheel to keep the cane in position and to prevent it
from getting loose or slipping off. A groove or channel is also formed in the
outer side of the cover near its edges of such a section as to partly encompass
the cane or other detachable fastening we may employ. The groove may be
carried the whole circumference of the cover but we do not confine ourselves to
this method as we may carry it in a continuous line and leave a break so that
the ends do not meet or we may make two or more breaks in the continuity of
the line thus the groove would follow the circumference of the cover with breaks
that is spaces between the several ends of the grooves. A margin or flange of
thinner substance than the other part of cover and either flat or curved in section
is made upon the edge of the groove for the better fixing of the cover or two
flanges might be made on the edge of the groove and turned in opposite directions.
In another modification we use wood instead of cane either as described above
or moulded or otherwise made to such a section as to not only hold the cover in
position but also to extend to and on the outer and upper part of the rim, the
object being to stiffen and strengthen the tyre and also to protect the rim and
cover from damage when riding with deflated tyres. One method of making
this wood fixing would be in sections two or more dovetailed together and to fix
the one that is the key section with a screw or nut or other device to the rim.
In a further modification we use cork encased with cotton or other fabric for
fixing the cover on to rim instead of cane as first described. Both sides of the
cover correspond in the method of attachment.
Another improvement relates to the application to a pneumatic tyre of an
outer band, covering such part of its surface as comes in contact with the ground,
when being ridden and in turning an angle and consists of a lattice of iron wire

page_text: or other suitable material, a mail of chain, or of a netting made of twine, leather
and the like the meshes of which may be of diamond square or other shape. This
band may be made endless or joined together by various known methods such as
lacing, hooks and eyes, &c., and it may be made concave in shape so as to fit
nicely upon the tyre or if made of sufficiently flexible material it may be flat
and depend upon the pressure exerted by inflation for forming it into shape so
as to bed nicely upon the tyre. In another form we provide a band made of
canvas or other material studded with spikes or eyelets. It is obvious that this
arrangement of studding with spikes or eyelets may be applied to the present
outer cover. The non slipping bands would be held in position. by the inflation
of the tyre and may have as an additional means of security laces or other well
known attachments to fasten under or on to the rim or to the spokes.
Our improvements as applied to wheels relate to washers fixed in the rim of
the wheel in which the nipple forming the attachment for the spoke.. is fitted.
Holes for the spoke nipples are provided in the rim in the usual way and we
place a washer having a collar or flange at or about right angles to its face on
the underside of the rim the collar fitting in and going through the hole provided
for the nipple, this washer is then firmly fastened in the rim by turning or
throwing over the collar upon the upper side of the rim with a tool made for
the purpose. In another modification we use a straight piece of tube or ferrule
which we place in the nipple hole and operate both top and bottom in the same
way as the upper side of washer described above. In a still further modification
we use 2 washers and instead of turning the collar of the under one over upon
the rim we place another washer, which by preference has curled edges to
strengthen it, inside the rim and over the collar of the other washer placed from the
underside as first described. We fasten these two washers firmly together by
turning over the collar of the under one upon the upper washer. These washers
are both, or one only may be formed, to the particular section of the rim to which
they are to be fitted and take a firm hold upon it when fastened together. These
improvements impart strength to the rim and prevent it from bulging or cracking.
Dated this Fourteenth day of March 1899:
Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres, Non-slipping Bands, and Wheels
for Cycles and other Vehicles.
We, JOHN WILLIAM HOLLAND of 10, Sparsholt Road, Crouch Hill, London, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, and ARTHUR ANDHONY, of 60, Great Hampton
Street, Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Cycle Maker, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to pneumatic tyres, non slipping bands and wheels for
cycles and other vehicles and comprises such improvements whereby greater
strength and support are given to pneumatic tyres, greater comfort is experienced
in riding as there is a larger inflated area of the tyre outside the rim, a more
simple and expeditious method of attaching and detaching the covers is obtained,
the liability to side slip is considerably reduced and the rims of the wheels are
strengthened and prevented from bulging and cracking.
'
One of the improvements consists in the use of a cane for fixing a detachable

page_text: cover of a pneumatic tyre to the rim of the wheel which cane is quite distinct
from the cover and the rim. This cane is not made to form an endless ring and
may be in one or more pieces. A groove or channel is formed in the rim of the
wheel to keep the cane in position and to prevent it from getting loose or slipping
off. A groove or channel is also formed on the outer side of the cover near its
edges of such a section as to partly encompass the cane or other detachable fasten-
ing we may employ. The groove may be carried the whole circumference of
the cover but we do not confine ourselves to this method as we may carry it in a
continuous line and leave a break or space so that the ends do not meet or we
may make two or more breaks in the continuity of the line thus the groove
would follow the circumference of the cover with breaks that is spaces between
the several ends of the grooves. A margin or flange of thinner substance than
the other part of cover and either flat or curved in section is made upon the edge
of the groove for the better fixing of the cover or 2 flanges may be made upon
the edge of the groove and turned in opposite directions. In another modifica-
tion we use wood instead of cane either as described above or moulded or other-
wise made to such a section as to not only hold the cover in position but also to
extend to and on the outer and upper part of the rim the object being to stiffen
and strengthen the tyre and also to protect the rim and cover from damage when
riding with deflated tyres. One method of making this wood fixing would be in
sections two or more dovetailed together and to fix the one that is the key section
with a screw or nut or other device to the rim. In a further modification we
use cork encased with cotton or other fabric for fixing the cover on to rim
instead of cane as first described.
Both sides of cover correspond in the methods of attachment.
Another improvement relates to the application to a pneumatic tyre of an outer
band covering such part of its surface as comes in contact with the ground
when being ridden and in turning an angle and consists of a lattice of iron wire
or other suitable material a mail of chain, or of a netting made of twine leather
and the like the meshes of which may he diamond square or any other shape.
This band may be made endless or joined together by various known methods
Buch as lacing hooks and eyes and it may be made concave in shape so as to fit
nicely upon the tyre or if made of sufficiently flexible material it may be flat and
depend upon the pressure exerted by inflation for forming it into shape so as be
bed nicely upon the tyre. In another form we provide a band made of canvass or
other material studded with spikes or eyelets. It is obvious that this improved
arrangement of studding with spikes or eyelets may be applied to the outer covers as
now in use. These non-slipping bands would be held in position by the inflation of
the tyre and may have as an additional means of security laces or other well known
attachments to fasten under or on to the rim or to the spokes.
Our improvements as applied to wheels relate to washers fixed in the rim of
the wheel in which the nipple forming the attachment for the spoke is fitted.
Holes for the spoke nipples are provided in the rim in the usual way and we
place a washer having a collar or flange at or about right angles to its face on
the underside of the rim the collar fitting in and going through the hole provided
for nipple, this washer is then firmly fastened in the rim by turning or
throwing over the collar upon the upper side of the rim with a tool made for
the purpose.
In another modification we use a straight piece of tube от a ferrule
which we place in the nipple hole and operate both top and bottom in the same
way as the upper side of washer described above. In a still further modification
we use two washers and instead of turning the collar of the under one over upon
the rim we place another washer which by preference has curled edges to
strengthen it, inside the rim and over the collar of the other washer placed from
the underside as first described.
Both or one only of these washers may be formed to the particular section of
the rim to which they are fitted and take a firm hold thereon when fastened

page_text: together. These improvements impart strength to the rim and prevent it from
bulging or cracking.
The 2 sheets of drawings attached show the essential parts of the various
improvements and by reference to the figures and letters thereon the following
description will be understood.
Sheet 1. Fig. 1 shows a section through tyre, A is outer cover, B projecting
piece or lip, cane or other material, Ď rim. Fig. 2 shows a detail of fixing
with wood moulding or beading. A is outer cover, B projecting piece, D rim
and E wood moulding. Fig. 3 shows protecting and non-slipping cover of wire,
F is cover and G is lace for fastening cover to tyre.
Fig. 4 shows a protecting and non slipping cover of metal studs fastened in
canvas or leather, H is canvas, & J studs.
Fig. 5 shows detail of one stud in canvas or leather cover. His cover & J stud.
Sheet 2. Fig. 1 shows strengthening washer fastened in rim, A is rim & B
washer. Fig. 2 shows washer before being fixed in rim.
Fig. 3 shows double washer fixed in rim, A is rim, D is top washer, C is bottom
washer similar to B in Fig. 1 same sheet Fig. 4 shows detail of washers, D is top
washer & bottom washer.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is:-
1. Cane, wood or cork for fixing and supporting a pneumatic tyre substantially
as described and illustrated.
2. The combination for fixing and supporting a pneumatic tyre substantially
as described & illustrated.
3. A lattice of wire chain twine leather &c. for the purpose of a non slipping
tyre substantially as described and illustrated.
4. A canvas band studded substantially as described and illustrated.
5. Washers for fixing nipples and spokes in rims of wheels substantially as
described and illustrated.
T: 14th J
Desemba 1900