matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF TIDAL CURRENTS TO THE DISCHARGING OF SEWAGE
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Robinson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th August
1875.
I, JOSEPH ROBINSON, of Littlehampton, in the County of Sussex, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE APPLICATION OF TIDAL CURRENTS TO THE DISCHARGING OF SEWAGE," to be.as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the discharge of sewage from towns and
villages on the sea coast where advantage can be taken of the action of
the tide for the purpose of diluting the sewage and discharging it in the
diluted state at such times as will. cause it to be carried out to sea
without causing any unpleasantness to the inhabitants of the town or
village from whence the sewage flows.
In carrying out this Invention I prepare tanks of a sufficient capacity
to retain the sewage for any desired period, during which it cannot
be conveniently carried out to sea. These tanks are divided at any
required distance from the bottom, and in any convenient manner by a
partition extending over the entire interior surface of such tanks, so that

page_text: the sewage may be retained in the lower division whilst the sea water
can be admitted to the upper division. The sewage is allowed to flow
into the lower portions of the tanks as required, and when the tide gets
sufficiently high the tidal water will flow into the upper portions or
divisions of the tanks, from whence by self-acting valves it is allowed
to flow into and dilute the sewage in the lower tank, and after filling the
lower tank the diluted sewage and tidal water will fill up both tanks to
the tidal limit. When the tide is on the ebb the contents of the tanks
are caused to be discharged by means of a valve, whereby the entire
diluted contents pass into and are carried off by the ebb tide.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PICKERS FOR LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Wilson Lee at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
August 1875.
I, JOSEPH WILSON LEE, of Newton Heath, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PICKERS FOR LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that class of pickers known as "barrel
pickers," and is designed to prevent the picker" binding" upon the
spindle when acted upon by the strap.
I first take a piece of hide as wide as I wish the length of the barrel
to be and nearly twice as long as the height of the picker required, and
bend it double, making one leg longer than the other by the length
intended for the picker foot. At a suitable distance, say one inch from
the loop or "barrel," thus formed I cut both the legs through
horizontally about two-thirds across, and having inserted a conveniently
shaped strengthening piece, I double over where cut across first the
shorter leg and then the longer. The picker is then pressed and
rivetted together and assumes the shape of an inverted L, the face being

page_text: so to speak within the angle, and as the picking strap thus acts in front
of the face the resisting weight of the shuttle and the pressure of the
foot on the race entirely counteract any tendency of the picker to bind
on the spindle. Pickers thus constructed also give more room for the
shuttle in the box, and, owing to the comparatively large diameter of the
barrel, wear out the straps more slowly.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROLLERS USED IN WRINGING AND MANGLING MACHINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Selley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
21st October 1875.
the
I, WALTER SELLEY, of West Gorton, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROLLERS USED IN WRINGING AND MANGLING MACHINES,"
to be as follows :—-
This Invention relates to the construction of the wooden rollers used
in such machines, the object of the Invention being to make the rollers
more durable and to decrease the cost of renewal when the rollers become
worn by use.
Hitherto such rollers have been made from one solid piece of wood
(usually sycamore) lengthwise of the grain, a hole being bored through
the centre for the wrought-iron axis, and when such rollers become worn
away or hollowed in the centre from use, the only way to renew them
was to make an entirely new roller.
According to my Invention I make such rollers of several short
cylindrical pieces or sections of sycamore or other wood cut crosswise

page_text: of the grain. The axle is provided with a fixed collar at or near one
end, and a screw collar at or near the other, and a sufficient of
the sections above named to form a roller of the required width being
bored and slipped on to the axle; they are screwed up as tight as possible
by means of the screw collar, the joints being made good and watertight
by any suitable cement. When the cement is perfectly dry and set the
rollers are turned and finished in the usual manner.
When the rollers become worn in the centre the screw collar is
removed and the axle driven out, the sections can then be knocked
asunder, and one or more new sections being substituted in the centre
the roller is put together again as before and is as good as when new,
and thus a considerable economy is effected. The rollers are also much
more durable owing to the grain of the wood being reversed, that is,
running transversely to the axis instead of longitudinally.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR STEERING BALLOONS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Biddle at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th August
1875.
I, DANIEL BIDDLE, of Kingston-on-Thames, in the County of Surrey,
Surgeon, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR STEERING BALLOONS," to be as
follows:-
1. There is a peculiar arrangement of the ropes supporting the car.
The net covering the bag is as usual, but below the belt, bracing the
ropes together, the ropes are made to cross, so as to leave three equi-
distant open spaces.
2. In the axis of the balloon is a light mast, reaching from a little
above the car to a little below the aforesaid belt. Ropes radiate from
one of its extremities to the belt, and from the other to the car, so as
to keep it in position.
3. Affixed to the lower part of this mast are sockets for the reception
of rods or yard arms. All the sockets work on hinges vertically.

page_text: 4. There are three chief yard arms corresponding to the three open
spaces between the ropes. Two of them radiate from the mast hori-
zontally; the third when in position is at an angle with the horizon.
The distal ends of these three rods are connected by light cords.
5. Within the space formed by these cords lies the sail, attached both
to the cords and to the rods, so that its figure is that of three triangles
in one.
An opening is left over the car to allow the ropes to pass, and
for inspection of the balloon.
6. Pulleys are attached to the upper part of the upright mast, over
which cords play for drawing up the yard arms when furling the sail.
The yard arms are also attached to the car by other cords.
7. The large sail can be reversed by shortening one of the yard-arms
(that extending to the apex of the sail), a deeper socket being provided
for this yard arm. The other yard arms maintain the same position
(horizontal) during both ascent and descent.
8. There is a fourth yard arm capable of being rotated on its axis.
This rod passes through a ring at the bisection of the cord joining the
two horizontal arms of the larger sail, and beyond this point bears
a fish-tail rudder, which being inclined by rotation more
obliquely rotates the balloon in either direction when it is ascending or
descending.
or less
IMPROVEMENTS IN GRATE BARS FOR STEAM BOILER FIRES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Thomas Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 21st June 1875.-A communication from abroad by Frank
Sherman Smith, of the Oity, County, and State of New York, and
Abel Brear, of Westport, County of Fairfield, and State of Con-
necticut, United States of America.
I, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes and Son,
Patent Agents, 128, Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GRATE BARS FOR
STEAM BOILER FIRES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," a communication to me from
abroad by Frank Sherman Smith, of the Oity, County, and State of
New York, and Abel Brear, of Westport, County of Fairfield, and
State of Connecticut, United States of America, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in grate bars for steam boiler
furnaces, and designed with special reference to the burning of finer
grades of coal, such as pea coal, but applicable to burning other grades,
and it consists in a plate or bar composed of a series of longitudinal
arches, as more fully herein-after described, the object being to produce

page_text: à very light open grate, and which with the blast usually employed it
will be impossible to heat so as to warp or twist out of shape.
The accompanying Drawing represents a perspective view of a section
of the grate.
The grate is composed of several sections one of which is shown in the
Drawing; these plates consist of a series of longitudinal arches a, the
convex side up, and each of these perforated with transverse slits d.
Upon the under side one or more longitudinal ribs e are formed on the
sections at the junction of two of the arches; these arches are made
thin, simply of sufficient strength to support the coal, and the whole
grate made up of a combination of such sections, supported on the usual
bars for supporting other grates.
The blast is introduced beneath the grate in the usual manner, and
directly upon the under surface of the grate; this blast tends to so far
cool the grate in consequence of its thinness that the heat will not
penetrate the grate sufficiently to bring it to a red heat, or twist it out
of shape. The result is that a grate of this construction will stand a
very much longer time than a common grate, and a much larger portion
of the surface of the grate is open than can be with the usual bars,
hence a more perfect combustion of the fuel is obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS
Year: 1875

page_text: •
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Morgan-Brown at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th June 1875.-A communication from abroad by J. Edwin
Sherman and George Goldsmith, both of 18, Rue Gaillon, Paris.
I, WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN, of the Firm of Brandon and Morgan-
Brown, Engineers and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton Buildings,
London, and 18, Rue Gaillon, Paris, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS," to be as follows :—
:-
This Invention of improvements in pumps consists in constructing
pumps for raising water or other liquids without a foot valve, by
substituting to the same one or more perforated plates or baskets, the
same being submerged in the liquid to be raised.
I employ an ordinary valve piston in conjunction with this arrange-
ment for simply raising liquids from any depth, the pump being open-
topped or provided with a loose cover, and for raising and forcing liquids
to considerable height I exclude the air from the top of such pump (the
usual rod passing in such case through a stuffing box), and provide it
with a discharge pipe, the extremity of which is raised vertically above
the level of the delivery pipe from the said pump.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BRAKES FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick John Monoy at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th April 1875.
I, FREDERICK JOHN MONEY, of No. 1, Marlborough Place, Brighton,
Doctor in Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BRAKES FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES,"
to be as follows:-
:-
A transverse axle working in bearings attached to the carriage frame
between two neighbouring pairs of wheels is fitted at each end with two
short vertical arms, one above and one below, and works by means of
them two horizontal rods, carrying brakes which press on the circum-
ference of the said wheels in opposite directions, that above the axle
pressing backwards on the wheel behind, and that below the axle
pressing forwards on the wheel in front. To obtain this pressure the
axle is made to rotate by means of a fifth arm fixed horizontally, and
acted on by a weight or spring of sufficient power to brake all four
wheels efficiently. This power is to be kept constantly applied, so that
the wheels may always remain braked unless the power be specially
removed. For such special removal the following apparatus is pro-

page_text: vided :—A chain attached to the horizontal arm is made to pass upwards
over a pulley working vertically, its other end being attached to the
piston rod of a cylinder fixed horizontally under the carriage This
cylinder is fitted at one end with a stuffing box, through which the piston
rod passes.
The piston works horizontally, either, A. by the pressure of
water, steam, air, or other fluid, admitted from a supply pipe in front
of the piston, 1.e. between it and that end of the cylinder through which
the piston rod works; or, B by the pressure of the atmosphere from
without, obtained by producing a partial vacuum behind the piston, 10.,
between it and the opposite end of the cylinder. The supply pipe runs 1
from end to end of the carriage, and is terminated at each end by a
length of flexible pipe, fitted at the extremity with a union joint for
effecting junction with corresponding parts of other carriages, so as to
form a continuous tube. Whether A. or B. be the mode adopted the
fluid pressure is used to take off the brakes by lifting the horizontal arm
of the axle to which the weight or spring is attached.
AN IMPROVED SELF-ACTING FIRE ALARM
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION loft by Harry Brough and John
Frederick Owens at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 3rd April 1875.
We, HARRY BROUGH and JOHN FREDERICK OWENS, both of Man-
chester, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SELF-ACTING FIRE ALARM," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists of a self-acting fire alarm, which upon the
occurrence of a fire in a warehouse, mill, or other building to which it is
attached will ring an alarum or bell, fire off three guns successively, and
exhibit a brilliant red or other colored light.
Inside each room we place a number of cords or strings which are
provided with small weights; these cords hang down from the ceiling
about a yard or so apart, and are coated with tar and petroleum, so that
in the event of a fire in the room they are certain to catch fire and
communicate one with the other. The cords are passed over pulleys
fixed under the ceiling, and are all connected to one main cord, by
means of which the cords and weights are all drawn up to the ceiling

page_text: out of the way in the day time, but at night they are all lowered and
allowed to hang down all over the room.
In a conspicuous place outside the building we fix an air-tight metal
box, containing a spring alarum or bell, three guns or small cannon, and
a vessel of red, green, or other colored fire.
The alarum being wound up is held ready for action by means of a
catch or lever, to which is attached the main cord connected to tho
cords inside the building. As soon as any of the tarred cords catch fire
they communicate quickly from one to the other till the main cord is
burned through, when a weight descends and sets free the alarum,
which immediately commences to ring. As soon as the alarum begins
to move it sets free one end of a second lever, at the other end of which
are three glass tubes containing respectively sulphuric acid, chlorate of
potash, and petroleum or turpentine. This end of the levor is imme-
diately over the vessel containing the red or other colored fire, and as
the lever tilts over it emptics the contents of these tubes into the vessel,
and they immediately burst out in a flame, exhibiting a brilliant
colored light. This flame ignites three fuzes of different lengths, each
of which communicates with the touch-hole of one of the three cannons,
and discharges them in succession. The flame also at the same time
burns through a cord, which holds the lid of the box closed, and allows
a weight to throw open the lid and exhibit the light. Thus the attention
is called both by the sound of the alarum bell and three successive
discharges, and by the sight of the red or other fire.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING WATER
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Durham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
October 1875.
I, WILLIAM DURHAM, of Balerno Paper Mill, Currie, in the County
of Mid Lothian, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING WATER," to be as follows, that
is to say :-
This Invention relates to the purification of water, and it consists as
follows:-
First. In rendering the water slightly acid by the addition of
sulphuric acid in quantity varying according to the condition of the
water to be purified. In cases where the acid is not sufficient alum or
sulphate of alumina must be used.
Secondly. To remove the chemicals employed, and also the remaining
impurities, barium, oxide, or preferably finely ground barium, carbonate,
or witherite is added, in quantity proportioned to the sulphuric acid or
sulphate used and thoroughly mixed with the liquid, barium, sulphate,

page_text: and carbonate of alumina are precipitated, carrying with them the
remaining impurities, thus at once removing the chemicals used as well
as the impurities.
Thirdly. To recover the alumina, the precipitate from the second part
of the treatment is digested in sulphuric acid, in quantity proportioned
to the alumina present, and sulphate of alumina will then be reformed
which may be used again.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FIRE-PLACES AND BOILERS OF LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER ENGINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Ward at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th March
1875.
I, JOSEPH WARD, of Gorton, near Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FIRE-PLACES AND BOILERS OF LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER
ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment in the boilers of locomotive
engines and other tubular boilers of two series of air tubes, one series
extending from the back or other part of the smoke-box through some
or all of the lowest or the two lower rows of tubes to the back of the fire
place or furnace above the crown of the fire-brick arch or bridge, and
the other series extending through the water space at the back of the
furnace to holes in the arch just below the crown, so that when the fuel
is ignited there shall be two series of currents of air meeting and
mingling with each other, the effect of which is to greatly assist in the
generation of the steam to prevent scurf or crust forming on the faces of
the tubes in the fire-box, and also to lessen the density of the smoke

page_text: or entirely consume it, and when desired I use only the series of tubes
through the smoke box and boiler for lessening the density of the smoke
and preventing the scurf and crust on the faces of the tubes.
When the boilers are new I make the lower tubes of sufficient length
to reach from the fire-box to the back of the smoke box, but in boilers
already made I connect short tubes from the outside of the smoke boxes
to the back ends of the tubes in the boiler, but in either case atmospheric
air rushes with force to the fire-box, thereby preventing the accumulation
of scurf and refuse at the front ends of the tubes and supplying air to
the furnace.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Andrew Blacklock and
William George Appleford at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 12th October 1875.
We, JOHN ANDREW BLACKLOCK, of Tottenham Court Road, and
WILLIAM GEORGE APPLEFORD, of Regent Street, both in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in sewing machines,
whereby it is rendered impossible to drive the working parts thereof in
the wrong direction, whilst when causing the driving wheel to run in
one direction the working parts of the machine are operated, and when
caused to run in the contrary direction the driving wheel may be used
to give motion to the spool only. For this purpose we mount the
driving wheel loosely on the main shaft, and we form or fix to the boss
thereof a clutch which is capable of gearing with another clutch fixed

page_text: rigidly on the driving shaft or axis; one of these clutches we form with
an inclined face, so that when the driving wheel is running in one
direction it shall be pushed out of gear, whilst when running in the
other direction a spring acting upon the driving wheel keeps the two
clutches in gear with each other.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIRT STUDS, WHICH IMPROVEMENT IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO STUDS USED FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Sykes Holmes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd April 1875.
I, JAMES SYKES HOLMES, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIRT STUDS, WHICH IMPROVEMENT IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO
STUDS USED FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention is designed principally for the construction of wrist or
sleeve studs called "solitaires," but it is also applicable to front or neck
studs, collar studs, glove studs, and also to studs used for fastening
papers or other articles together.
The Invention consists chiefly in forming the stud in two parts and
connecting them together by means of a fastening somewhat similar to
the ordinary necklace snap.
From the centre of one part of the stud (say, the back) projects
a hollow neck fitted at its outer end with an annular plate so as to
form a projecting rim internally, or this internal rim may be otherwise
formed.

page_text: From the centre of the other part of the stud (say, the front) projects
a spring tongue of such a form and size as will pass into the hollow
neck, and having notches at or near its base, so that when the tongue is
forced into the hollow neck it becomes compressed, but as soon as the
notches pass the internal rim of the neck above mentioned, the tongue
expands and holds the two parts firmly together.
The spring part of the tongue is furnished with a projection extending
beyond the rim of the stud, by pressing upon which the tongue can be
compressed, and the parts can then be readily separated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES AND IN MEANS OF MAKING OB BUILDING UP ROLLERS FOR SKATES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wright at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
November 1875.
I, WILLIAM WRIGHT, of Looe Street, Plymouth, in the County of
Devon, Brassfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES AND IN MEANS OF MAKING OB
BUILDING UP ROLLERS FOR SKATES," to be as follows:-
The first part of this Invention relates to those skates in which the
rollers are set or arranged in the central line of the footboard. According
to this first part I arrange four rollers or wheels in brackets fixed to the
under side of the footboard; the fore-and-aft rollers are set in the
brackets or in separate brackets at a higher level than the two inner
rollers, to facilitate by a depression of the toe or the heel portion the
production of a curvilinear motion over the surface. The edge of each
roller is of rounded or of convex form to enable the skater by a tilting
of the footboard to run upon any portion of the rounded part, according
to the curve he desires to make. In the motion for producing short
curves the skate is tilted at the heel or at the toe, so that the run is then
upon either the two front rollers or the two back rollers."

page_text: According to the second part of my Invention I arrange discs of
leather, wood, or other slightly compressible body between two collars,
the leather or the wood, preferably having a disc of metal or such like
body between, the edge of such disc of metal then serving as the tread
or bearing body to take the principal weight of the skater and as a
powerful wear resisting material, the centre of the roller periphery being
more subject to wear than the sides.
The collars are screw threaded on the interior, and take over a piece
of tubing threaded upon the exterior, the tubing being of such a length
that its shoulders act as edge bearers against the inner sides of the
bracket to preserve the parallel, action upon the axle pin which is
rigidly fixed by nuts on the outer ends, the nuts pressing against the
outer sides of the brackets.
A CLOSE OR OPEN CARRIAGE ON A PAIR OF WHEELS; MAY BE DRIVEN FROM THE OUTSIDE OR INSIDE WITH SINGLE OR A PAIR OF HORSES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Harvey, of Heron House, Heron Court,
Richmond, in the County of Surrey, for the Invention of "A
CLOSE OR OPEN CARRIAGE ON A PAIR OF WHEELS; MAY BE DRIVEN FROM THE
OUTSIDE OR INSIDE WITH SINGLE OR A PAIR OF HORSES."
Sealed the 6th August 1875, and dated the 20th January 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Harvey at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 20th January 1875.
. I, JOSEPH HARVEY, of Heron House, Heron Court, Richmond, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A CLOSE OR OPEN CARRIAGE ON A PAIR OF WHEELS; MAY BE DRIVEN FROM
THE OUTSIDE OR INSIDE WITH SINGLE OR A PAIR OF HORSES," to be as
follows:-
-
The only one ever designed capable of accommodating four persons,

page_text: body of the vehicle instead of hanging on behind as is usual with such
of similar construction, and thus carries him closer to his work in the
management and control of his horse, and better balances the body of
the carriage, which, being fixed immediately over the axle, makes the
draught so light that a slight well bred horse can work it a long day
without fatigue.
.
The shafts, quite a novelty, are carried through the front panels, and
are straight, which takes all pressure from the horse's back.
Means of communication with the driver are provided from the inside
which does not necessitate the opening of a window, but through the
interior of the coachman's seat, most convenient for handing parcels, &c.,
to and fro, and giving directions without exposure to weather.
The door and step is so constructed that in case of accident the
driver can release the occupants of the interior by a broad step only six
inches from the ground.
IMPROVEMENTS IN IRON CHAIR BEDSTEADS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Nichols Bryett at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st April 1875.
I, WILLIAM NICHOLS BRYETT, of Pentonville Road, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN IRON CHAIR BEDSTEADS," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in iron chair bedsteads,
whereby greater strength and convenience and a better appearance are
obtained. For this purpose instead of forming the central portion of the
chair bedstead by rivetting flat rails together as heretofore, I, according
to my Invention, form the front and back rails of such central portion of
the chair bedstead of angle iron, and I connect these to the side rails by
casting a lump or corner piece thereon at each corner, and in each of
such lumps or corner pieces a leg is also fixed by the same casting
operation. By these means I obtain greater strength than heretofore,
and am consequently enabled to dispense with the cross bars and stays
usually employed, thereby affording greater convenience and giving a
better appearance than when stays and cross bars are used.
IMPROVE- KENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SIZE, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF A CERTAIN MATERIAL FOR PREVENTING MILDEW IN COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Lansdale at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
May 1875.
I, RICHARD LANSDALE, of the City of Manchester, Sizing Flour
Dealer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
KENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SIZE, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF A CERTAIN
MATERIAL FOR PREVENTING MILDEW IN COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES,"
to be as follows:―
My Invention consists in combining dento chloride of mercury or any
other preparation of mercury with rice flour, wheaten flour, starch, sago,
farinaceous gums, or carrageen extract.
In applying my Invention I prepare an emulsive mixture of water,
and any of the farinaceous articles or vegetable extracts above named,
and boil the same; to this there is added dento chloride of mercury or
any other preparation of mercury, in the proportion of one pound to
280 lbs. of flour, mixing well together. The composition is so prepared
for sizing, dressing, stiffening, and conditioning cotton and other fibrous
substances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES AND OTHER CON- TAINING VESSELS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Elias at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th August
1875.
I, DANIEL ELIAS, of Southport, in the County of Lancaster, Doctor
of Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES AND OTHER CON-
TAINING VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has special reference to bottles used by physicians,
surgeons, chemists, druggists, and others containing liquids used in
dispensing, analysing, and other purposes, and possesses the following
advantages:(a). The stopper is self-acting so as to close the mouth of
the bottle or vessel when not in use. (b). The said stopper can easily be
so far removed by the use of one hand only as to allow of withdrawal of
the whole or part of the contents of the bottle. And (c) can be used as
an ordinary stopper and entirely removed from the bottle or vessel when
required so as to allow for filling and cleaning.
Under the above Invention a stopper for a bottle or vessel is con-
structed with a channel or channels, groove or grooves, or its or their

page_text: equivalents, so that on partial withdrawal of the said stopper from the
mouth of the bottle or vessel the liquid contained therein may be drawn
off at pleasure.
In some cases the stopper is formed with perforations so that the
liquid in the bottle or vessel may be discharged in the form of spray,
this is useful in case of either chloroform and similar liquids. I prefer
that the sides of the stopper should be parallel, the upper part only being
bevelled.
As means for operating the stopper above described I employ by
preference a lever thumb-piece secured to the neck of the bottle through
a joint; one end of the said lever thumb-piece takes into or around the
stopper so as to. partly remove the said stopper from the mouth of the
bottle or vessel when the said thumb-piece is depressed. A spring
preferably acting on the lever thumb-piece keeps the stopper in its
place. The said lever thumb-piece works on a swivel so as to be freed
from the stopper by lateral motion; the said stopper can then be entirely
removed from the bottle or vessel, and in fact acts as an ordinary
stopper.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR STOPPING RAILWAY CARRIAGES, WAGGONS, AND TRUCKS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Pierro Salomon Joliot at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 19th January 1875.
I, JEAN PIERRE SALOMON JOLIOT, of Boulevard do Strasbourg, 28, at
Paris, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR STOPPING RAILWAY CARRIAGES, WAGGONS, AND
TRUCKS," to be as follows:-
-
The object of my Invention is to construct break machinery, the
action of which is instantaneous, that is to say, which acts immediately
on the attendant operating a releasing lever. The result of this move-
ment of the lever is that two flanged excentrics, which are jointed to the
carriage frame, fall on the rails of the railway. Owing to the onward
movement of the train the excentrics lift conjugated twin levers, the
short arms of which are flanged shoes, which thus press on the rails to
stop the train.
-
I proceed to describe the manner of carrying my Invention into
effect-As before stated, the chief object is to produce an instantaneous
Less in their one ad

page_text: being at rest will permit the apparatus to act like an ordinary break in
all circumstances where its employment becomes necessary.
To replace the excentrics in their position of rest it is sufficient to lift
them a little by means of the ordinary break screw,
My apparatus possesses several important advantages besides those
already indicated; it does away with the wearing of the wheels by the
breaks, and the wearing of the bearings at the side opposite the point
where the ordinary break blocks press; it avoids the breaking of the
journals, since there is no more pressure on the wheels, and it gets over
O the jolting of the carriages produced by the unequal wear of the wheels
by the breaks.
My apparatus can be applied to existing carriages without altering
their construction; it consists then of an iron frame having the axles of
the wheels for a point of support.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERPROOF COVERINGS FOR BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Theophilus Horrex at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
April 1875.
I, THEOPHILUS HORREX, of South Square, Gray's Inn, in the County
3 of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERPROOF COVERINGS FOR BOOTS AND SHOES," to be as
follows:-
The Invention consists of a thin elastic covering to protect the feet
from damp or wet made of india-rubber, and that can be readily and
easily adjusted to or removed from any boot or shoe, and that will of its
own elasticity adhere with the least possible pressure on the foot, and at
the same time fit closely to and follow the form of the boot or shoe.
Such coverings may be made to cover the front and back parts of the
boot or shoe and to come under the sole, but not the heel thereof, or to
cover more or less of the front of the boot or shoe only, in which case
the covering by extra thickness or otherwise must fit more firmly round

page_text: the waist of the foot to prevent its working off the foot by the action of
walking. Such coverings may be made with one or more openings at
the top for the purpose of ventilation, and they may also have such
extra thickness under the sole of the boot or shoe as may be required.
Coverings thus made are readily folded up and put into the pocket.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WADDINGS AND FELTED FABRICS FOR CARPETS AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Oldroyd and Thomas
Howard Blamires at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 19th April 1875.
We, JOHN OLDROYD, of the Firm of Mark Oldroyd and Sons, Limited,
of Dewsbury, in the County of York, and TнOMAS HOWARD BLAMIRES,
of Huddersfield, in the said County, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WADDINGS AND
FELTED FABRICS FOR CARPETS AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows :-
The object of this Invention is to arrange the materials in their
passage through the carding engine in such manner that when the
sliver or bat is made, each of the outer sides of the said sliver or bat will
be of a distinct or different colour, or mixture of colours or materials,
and a third colour, or mixture of colours or materials may if required be
placed in the centre, and the materials thus placed will occupy the same
positions after the operations of felting, when the fabric may be allowed
to retain the simple colours, or may if desired be printed upon with
various patterns or designs.
The manner in which we propose to effect this is to feed the wool or
other fibres to the scribbler or carding engine in different proportions of

page_text: the width of the feed, the colours which are required to form the outer
sides of the fabric being placed at each side of the feed sheet, and the
middle colour fed to the centre. Suppose we require red on one side,
white in the centre, and yellow at the other side, we adopt the same
arrangement at the feed end of the scribbler or carder aforesaid, that is
to say, the red and yellow are fed to the outer parts of the card cylinder
and the white or other colour in the centre. The fibres thus carded are
taken off at right angles to the delivery roller or doffer cylinder, and it
will be seen that the colour or material on the side furthest from the
taking up roller will be on the under side of the fabric, the fibres from
the centre of the card cylinder will be in the centre of the lap or roll,
and the material from the side nearest the taking up roller will be on
the surface or top side of the fabric.
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CRACKING NUTS AND OTHER SIMILAR USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest Beeston at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th April
1875.
I, ERNEST BEESTON, of Warwick Street, Regent Street, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CRACKING NUTS AND OTHER SIMILAR
USEFUL PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The Invention is designed for the purpose of cracking or breaking the
outer covering or shell of nuts, shell fish, or other similar brittle sub-
stances, and the improvements consist in mounting in suitable uprights
which embrace or cover a serrated base plate or bed a screw nut, into
which a screw is inserted, terminating (just above the base plate and
parallel therewith) in a plate or disc also having a serrated or roughened
surface. The upper extremity of the said screw is provided with a
handle, and its parallel rise and fall between the standards is obtained
by means of fingers projecting from the plate or disc of the screw into
guide slots formed in the inner portion of the standards.

page_text: Coiled springs or their equivalent are placed in the standards under-
neath the projecting fingers of the guide slots aforesaid, which give
steadiness to the action of the screw, and also assist in its quick return
or rise when being raised for adjustment.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESSING, SHAPING, AND CUTTING STONE, MARBLE, SLATE, AND SIMILAR MATERIALS, AND IN CUTTING OR GETTING COAL AND OTHER MINERALS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Young and Richard
Brown at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 9th November 1875.
We, WILLIAM YOUNG and RICHARD BROWN, both of Ayr, in the
County of Ayr, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESSING, SHAPING, AND CUTTING STONE,
MARBLE, SLATE, AND SIMILAR MATERIALS, AND IN CUTTING OR GETTING COAL AND
OTHER MINERALS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR," to be as follows::
This Invention consists principally in applying emery in a rigid or
consolidated form, and combined or not with other substances, for
dressing, shaping, and cutting stone, marble, slate, and similar materials,
and for cutting or getting coal and other minerals. By employing
emery in the manner indicated it is believed that many practical ad
vantages will be obtained; that the machinery for treating the stone
and other materials will be less costly; and that the work will be
performed in a more expeditious, convenient, and satisfactory-manner
than by the machinery heretofore in use for similar purposes.-
•
.2

page_text: that of an angular moving segment, or that of a rectilineally moving
straight or curved bar, or that of a bar carried by two small revolving
cranks.
In general it will be desirable for the purpose of removing the dust
and advantageous to the grinding or cutting action to project water
upon the operating surfaces, or suction fans may be used for withdrawing
the dust.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CRANK ARMS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Shuttleworth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
September 1875.
I, JOHN SHUTTLEWORTH, of Keighley, in the County of York,
Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CRANK ARMS," to be as follows :-
This Invention relates principally to the crank arms employed in looms
for weaving, but is also applicable to other crank arms, and my improve-
ments consist in rendering the "cotter" or wedge self-acting or adjusting.
This I effect cither by means of a spring or weight applied to one end of
the "cotter," by which means it is always kept tight, without causing
too much friction at the bearings, as is the case when the "còtters" are
hammered or otherwise forced into position.
AN IMPROVED DOBBY FOR LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Abbott, Thomas
Ainsworth, John Ellis, and Thomas Helm at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 18th August
1875.
We, THOMAS ABBOTT, Cotton Manufacturer, and THOMAS AINSWORTH,
Overlooker, and JOHN ELLIS, Manager, and THOMAS HELM, Designer,
all of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED DOBBY FOR LOOMS FOR
WEAVING," to be as follows:-
:-
With this dobby the healds are lifted by means of a number of
Llevers or jacks, each of which carries at one end a hooked lever.
Each of the said hooked levers has a pin through it near its centre, and
the said pin rests and swivels in a slot in the jack. The said hooked
levers are so balanced that the hooked ends are the heaviest, and the other
or tail ends are curved or rounded. Near the tail ends of the hooked
levers a pattern chain forming a lattice and pegs, works in such a
manner that when a peg comes opposite to the tail end of a hooked
lever it presses the said tail end down and raises the hooked end; on

page_text: the contrary if a blank occurs instead of a peg the said tail end is not
pressed down and the hooked end of course is not raised.
A knife or lifter having a reciprocating motion works in such close
proximity to the hooks that if a hook is not raised it is caught and
carried along by the lifter, the jack attached to the hook of course
following, and consequently the heald attached to the jack being lifted.
On the contrary, if a hook is raised and not caught by the lifter, the
jack and the heald in connection therewith remain at rest. A rest is
attached to the lifter to prevent any of the hooks falling too low down.
The lattice is actuated by a catch in the usual manner, so as to present
a fresh row of pegs to the hooked levers every pick or every alternate
pick; if the latter be the case a small lever is used to lift the catch
out of gear every alternate pick, and prevent it actuating the lattice at
such times. The lifter receives its motion from a L lever worked by a
crank or tappet on the crank shaft of the loom.
The jacks may be formed to gear into another set of jacks so as to
work with double jacks, and lift each heald from two points in the
dobby instead of one. The healds are drawn down by springs in the
usual manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINE NEEDLES AND NEEDLE BARS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Felix Edwin Perkins at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st October 1875.
I, FELIX EDWIN PERKINS, of Astwood Bank, in the County of
Worcester, Needle Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINE NEEDLES AND NEEDLE
BARS," to be as follows:--
This Invention refers to improvements by which the needle is pre-
vented from turning in the needle bar, and it consists in forming on the
shank of the needle a burr or pin, which works in a corresponding slot.
in the side of the socket in the needle bar, so that when placed the
needle can move slightly in a vertical direction, but is prevented from
turning round in the socket, so that when properly placed the needle
must always remain in its proper position.
Instead of a burr or pin on the needle shank, a small cross pin may
be used, with suitable cross slots in the needle bar. Or I can attain the
same result by passing a pin through the needle bar and through the
shank of the needle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHECK ACTIONS OF COTTAGE AND OBLIQUE PIANOFORTES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Henry Rogers at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th March 1875.
I, RICHARD HENRY ROGERS, of 20, Goldhawk Road, Shepherd's Bush,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHECK ACTIONS OF COTTAGE AND OBLIQUE
PIANOFORTES," to be as follows:-
The novelty consists in the very much less number of parts of which
it is composed, and the arrangement of those parts, whereby a better
effect is produced by simple means, and from the reduced number of
points of friction (such as centres) the wear and tear is lessened, and the
chances of its getting out of order is very much reduced. The sticker
(C in the diagram) is centred to the hammer butt (B) and is brought
down to the carriage of the key (F), which is clothed and cushioned and
acts as the notch in the hammer butt in ordinary check actions.
The bottom of the sticker and the level on the front is burnished and
it is relieved or thrown off by means of the escapement button (D). The
sticker is kept in its place by the spring (G) and the steady pin (H), or

page_text: by means of a fork as in Fig. 2. The sticker may be of the shape in
Fig. 2 and loaded with one or more leads to give the required weight.
The damper (E) may be thrown off by either a curved metal tongue as
in Fig. 1 or by an adjusting screw button as in Fig. 2. The check is
either on the key as in Fig. 1 or on the carriage of the key as in Fig. 2,
and the check head may be fixed to tho sticker cither by a curved wire
as in Fig. 1, or by a straight wooden stem as in Fig. 2.
The sticker may be of any length to suit instruments of any height.
The dampers may also be the ordinary over dampers lifted by a wire
attached to the hammer butt and going through a socket in the usual
manner. .803
71
vani
A