matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
A NEW AND IMPROVED FIDDLE-STICK GUIDE APPARATUS FOR HANDLING THE FIDDLE STICK IN A CORRECT MANNER
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Gley and Emil Landé at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th May 1880.
CARL GLEY, Music Master, and EMIL LANDE, Merchant, both of Berlin, in the
Empire of Germany. 'A NEW AND IMPROVED FIDDLE-STICK GUIDE APPARATUS
FOR HANDLING THE FIDDLE STICK IN A CORRECT MANNER."
Our Invention consists of an apparatus which can be readily attached to the
neck of a violin or other stringed musical instrument for the purpose of supporting
and guiding the bow or fiddle stick, and keeping the same in its correct position
for performing upon the strings thereof. For this purpose we use a'light frame,
somewhat of the form of the letter H, the cross piece connecting the two sides
together having a metallic set screw working through it in a vertical direction.
The upper end of this set screw has a milled head, and the lower end has a disc
with a washer of leather or other soft material.
Near the lower outside edges of the two sides of this frame and parallel with
such lower edges are two grooves, one to each side, into which grooves the bent
edges of a metal plate are made to slide. The two sides of this frame have each a
vertical slot, which reaches from the top down to and terminates at the cross piece,
and the bridge or cross piece connecting the two sides is cambered or rounded up
in the middle. A rod of about the length of the violin bow or fiddle stick is
provided, of such a diameter as to fit easily in the last mentioned slot, one end of
which rod is fitted with a clip or spring clasp to hold the handle of the bow firmly,
and the other end of which rod has also a clip or clasp into which the free end of
the bow is inserted, but is held more loosely.
The frame herein before described is fixed to the neck of the violin by passing
the two lower ends of the H frame down on each side of the neck, inserting the plate
in the grooves, and turning the set screw until it is firmly held in the desired place.
The bow or fiddle stick is then attached to the rod before described, the rod is
placed in the slots, resting upon the cross-piece, and the apparatus is ready for
use.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF STEAM USED IN COMPOUND ENGINES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Ambrose Brydges at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th September 1880.
A communication from abroad by Solomon N. Carvalho, of the City and
State of New York, United States of America.
EDWIN AMBROSE BRYDGES, of the Firm of Brydges & Co., Patent Agents and
Engineers, of 73, Koeniggraetzer Strasse, in Berlin, in the German Empire. "AN
IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF
STEAM USED IN COMPOUND ENGINES." [A communication from abroad by Solomon
N. Carvalho, of the City and State of New York, United States of America.]
The object of this Invention is to beat or superheat steam after it has left the
generator. The improvement consists in heating or superheating steam by incans
of hot water under pressure, water and steam combined, also under pressure, or
high pressure steain alone, at any convenient point between the generator and the
place where the steam is to be used.
This principle may be employed to great advantage for compound engines where
an apparatus consisting of a system of pipes or tubes enclosed in a steam tight drum
or cylinder, through which the steam must pass in going from the high to the low
pressure cylinder may be used. This system of pipes or tubes is connected with
another similar system or coil of pipes placed in the boiler furnace at any place
where it will be most exposed to the heat of the fire or fire cases.
If this whole system of pipes or tubes is partially or entirely filled with water, it
will be evident that as that part situated in the furnace gets heated, a steady
circulation of the water or steain and water contained in the pipes will take place.
As the exhaust steam coming from the bigh pressure cylinder of the engine passes
through the first system of pipes to the low pressure cylinder, its temperature and
consequently its force will be increased by the hotter water, or water and steam,
circulating around or in the pipes of the drum.
An automatic regulator is attached to control and regulate the temperature of
the steam.
Where it is not convenient to have the coil of pipes in the boiler furnace, the
beating of the water, or the generating of the high pressure steam may be effected
by the use of a separate furnace.
An expansion chamber provided with a safety valve may be used in addition to
the system of pipes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRAWING AND SPINNING FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ezra Sykes and William Cliffo at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th June 1880.
EZRA SYKES, of Huddersfield, in the County of York, and WILLIAM CLIFFE, of
Ley Moor, Golcar, near Huddersfield aforesaid, Machine Makers. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRAWING AND SPINNING FIBROUS MATERIALS."
This Invention relates to that class of drawing and spinning machinery in which
the thread or roving passes through a revolving tube and a pair of drawing rollers
before being wound upon the spindle.
Our improvements consist in combining the tube and drawing rollers in such
manner that they shall revolve together, and so avoid what is known as "false"
twist. For this purpose we construct the twisting tube in the form of a square
box with tubular ends, and within the box we place a pair of small drawing rollers.
Upon one end of the tube is a fast pulley for driving the same, and upon the other
ond of the tube is a loose pulley attached to a bevil wheel which gears with another
bevil wheel fixed on the end of one of the drawing rollers; as the tubo revolves the
drawing rollers and the bovil wheel on the end thereof are carried round along with
it and the thread twisted thereby, whilst by means of the loose pulley and bovil
wheels the drawing rollers are caused to revolve round their own axes and so
draw the roving.
By this arrangement the roving is only nippod in one place, between the
condenser bobbin and the spindle, and as the spindle revolves faster than the
twisting tube and in the same direction "false" twist is avoided.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM OR POWER WINDING MACHINERY, SPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO CAPSTANS AND ANCHOR LIFTERS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Somerset Mackenzie, of Penwenach, Falmouth,
in the County of Cornwall, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
OR POWER WINDING MACHINERY, SPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO CAPSTANS AND
ANCHOR LIFTERS."
(Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Somerset Mackenzie
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th July 1880.
HENRY SOMERSET MACKENZIE, of Penwenach, Falmouth, in the County of
Cornwall. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM OR POWER WINDING MACHINERY, SPECIALLY
APPLICABLE TO CAPSTANS AND ANCHOR LIFTERS."
My Invention consists mainly of the following mechanism for the above
mentioned purposes:-A bed plate is provided with one or more shafts or pivots.
To each of these shafts or pivots is fitted worm and chain wheels free to revolve
(independently) on same. The chain wheels are provided with drums for fitting
the brakes to and for winding rope or chain if required. When the chain wheel
is required for lifting anchor, &c., it is connected to the worm wheel by a clutch,
which connects it to an engine which actuates worm or screw shaft gearing into
the worm wheels, setting in motion the worm wheel or wheels, causing the chain
wheel or wheels, or drums, to rotate with it. The clutch arrangement consists of
two or more rods passing through or into the chain wheel, the said rods being so
arranged that the lower ends may drop into recesses in the worm wheel or wheels
(to be withdrawn at pleasure), thereby connecting or disconnecting the wheels:
The ends of the said rods are attached to glands and connecting links, which are
fitted on pivot or pivots, or arms, on which they are free to revolve. On the ends
of said pivots or arms are fitted eccentrics with weighted lever or other suitable
arrangements to keep same in position when thrown in or out of gear. The

page_text: eccentrics are connected with the said glands and connecting links by side links,
which are recessed into the pivots, the side links being fitted inside of both glands
and eccentrics. To the engine which drives the worm or screw shaft connected to
the said apparatus is fitted a differential valvular arrangement, enabling the engine
to be instantly started, stopped, or reversed.
The Invention can also be worked by hand power, the arrangements being
suitably arranged to this end.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FOLDING TABLES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Ross McKenzie at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th October 1880.
GEORGE ROSS MOKENZIE, of 2, Shillington Street, Clapham Junction, in the
County of Surrey, Cabinet Maker. IMPROVEMENTS IN FOLDING TABLES."
In small folding tables, having on each side of the central part of the table a
flap which can fold downwards on a hinge joint, I support the table when the flaps
are folded down upon four legs. Two of the legs are fixed to the central part of
the table below two opposite or diagonal corners, and below the two other corners
are two moveable legs fixed to a wooden arm or support which can turn on a
vertical pivot below the centre of the central part of the table.
Preferably the central part of the table is formed with a drawer at each end;
in this case the arm to which the moveable legs are fixed is not a straight arm, but
is formed so that its two ends may lie below opposite sides of the central part of
the table, one alongside of one end drawer, and the other alongside of the other end
drawer, whilst the central part of the arm is at an angle across the central part of
the table, and abuts against fixed stops, which stops also serve as stops for the back
ends of the two drawers to come against.
One end of a coiled spring is connected to the arm, and the other to the under-
side of the table in such a manner as to tend always to turn the arm into a position
at right angles to the central part of the table, so that if the two side flaps are
raised the spring turns the arin, and brings the two moveable legs below the two
Hlaps so as to support them.
When the arm has thus been turned so that its ends stand outwards from the
central part of the table, the arm again comes against the stops on the underside of
the table, and is so prevented from being turned too far.
When it is desired to close the table, the movable legs are turned inwards, and
the flaps close down, and by their weight keep the legs from being turned out-
wards by the spring.
IN APPARATUS FOR ENRICHING GAS BY ADMIXTURE OF HYDROCARBON VAPOUR
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Johann Heinrich Vale at the Office
"IMPROVEMENTS
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th April 1880.
JOHANN HEINRICH VALE, of Hamburg, in the German Empire.
IN APPARATUS FOR ENRICHING GAS BY ADMIXTURE OF HYDROCARBON VAPOUR."
My Invention relates to apparatus for effecting the enrichment of gas by mingling
with it vapour of hydrocarbons, such as naphthaline or heavy oils. For this purpose
I provide a carburetting vessel, through which the gas has to pass on its way to
the burner. Within this vessel is placed loosely another vessel, open at the top
and closed at the bottom, which vessel contains the hydrocarbon. The burner is
placed immediately on the top of the carburetting vessel, and has on each side of
it near the root of the flame pieces of metal, which is a good conductor of heat,
such as copper. These pieces are in metallic connection with a tube that descends
from the burner into the interior and nearly to the bottom of the vessel containing
the hydrocarbon. This tube is perforated by a number of lateral holes, and is, by
preference, filled part of its height with a porous wick, which may be of asbestos.
The gas enters at the bottom of the carburetting vessel, passes up around the
hydrocarbon receptacle, enters through some of the lateral holes into the central
tube, and passes to the burner, where it is ignited. The heat of the flaine con-
ducted down the tube fuses and vaporises a portion of the hydrocarbon, and the
hydrocarbon vapour mingles with the gas on its way to the burner, causing it to
burn with a flame of great brilliancy. When it is desired to regulate the extent
to which the gas is onriched by admixture of hydrocarbon vapour I provide near
the top of the central tube a lateral hole with a regulating screw or plug, by which
it can be more or less closed from outside the vessel. As this hole is more or less
opened or closed the proportion of gas to hydrocarbon vapour can be varied, as
may be desired. The gas instead of entering the carburetting vessel at the bottom
may enter it near the top, in which case the carburetting vessel may itself contain
the hydrocarbon, a separate receptacle for the hydrocarbon being dispensed with.
Several burners with their tubes may be arranged as described in connection with
one carburetting vessel.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO BELLS FOR BICYCLES AND OTHER PURPOSES."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph White at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd September 1880).
EE
JOSEPH WHITE, of Coventry, Watch Manufacturer. AN IMPROVEMENT OR
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO BELLS FOR BICYCLES AND OTHER PURPOSES."
The object of this Invention, which relates to improvements in or relating to
warning bells for bicycles and other velocipedes, the same being also applicable for
other similar uses, is to provide an automatic bell of a simple construction, which
can be caused to ring or cease ringing at the pleasure of the rider.
The improved bell is constructed with a toothed wheel mounted upon a pillar
or post rising from a base or plate, and actuated by a pinion on a shaft passing
through the plate, below which it is fitted with a roller having a convex or straight
bevil contact edge at the bottom. The complete bell is fixed on any ordinary
front wheel brake so that the contact edge of the said roller can be brought against
the revolving wheel of the velocipede, causing a rotation of the said toothed wheel,
by means of which the tongue or hammer is actuated and the bell sounded. The
roller is carried by a tube, a slot in which engages with a pin projecting from the
shaft and imparts rotation thereto, and the tube is encircled by a helical spring,
and by means of this arrangement the roller is allowed sufficient play and is
enabled to adjust itself to the actuating wheel of the velocipede, or other machine,
so as to avoid doing damage to the bell by the springing of the wheel or any other
part of the machine.
The principal feature of the Invention is the working of the bell at pleasure from
an actuating wheel of bicycles, or other velocipedes, or other machines.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Friedrich Carl Glaser, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of
Prussia and Empire of Germany, Engineer and Patent Agent, for an Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS."
A communication from Franz Freudenberg, of Laar, near Rubrort, Germany.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Friedrich Carl Glaser at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th June 1880.
FRIEDRICH CARL GLASER, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia and Empire of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT
Germany, Engineer and Patent Agent.
WAY OF RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS." A communication from Franz Freudenberg,
of Laar, near Ruhrort, Germany.
This Invention relates to improvements in the permanent way of railways and
tramways, and consists in the employment of longitudinal sleepers of iron, steel, or
other suitable metal supporting and securing in position a grooved tram rail or a
Vignole's" or other section of rail.
The longitudinal sleepers may be of flat iron, ✓ iron, or of the form shown on
the accompanying Sheet of Drawing, or of any suitable shape.
Cramps are riveted on to these sleepers for the reception of the base or foot
of the rail in such manner that by changing their position they hold the foot of the
rail either on the right or on the left side.
The rails are placed between these cramps by bending them sidewise, and they
are then held in position by their own pressure.
ON THE ACCOMPANYING SHEET OF DRAWING,―
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation representing an ordinary light "Vignole” rail a,
which, by means of the cramps b, b, is fastened on to the longitudinal sleeper c.
Figure 2 is a similar view showing the connection of a grooved rail a with the

page_text: sleeper as to change position and grip the foot of the rail alternately right and
left.
What I claim as of the Invention communicated to me as aforesaid, and desire to
secure by Letters Patent is,-
Firstly. The attachment of what are known as grooved rails upon longitudinal
metal sleepers by fixing the rails between riveted attachments, substantially as
herein before described and shown on the accompanying Sheet of Drawing, and the
employment of this system for horse railways or tramways and for secondary
lines of railway.
Secondly. The attachment of "Vignole" rails of the most widely different
sections to longitudinal metal sleepers by introducing the rails between riveted
attachments upon longitudinal sleepers, substantially as hereinbefore described
and shown on the accompanying Sheet of Drawing, and the application of this
system to secondary railways and horse railways or tramways.
In witness whereof, I, the said Friedrich Carl Glaser, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fourth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty.
F. C. GLASER. (L.S.)
MENTS IN THE DECORATION AND CONSTRUCTION OF CEILINGS, ROOFS, AND CORNICES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Brothers at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th September 1880.
"IMPROVE-
CHARLES BROTHERS, of Saint Pancras, in the County of Middlesex.
MENTS IN THE DECORATION AND CONSTRUCTION OF CEILINGS, ROOFS, AND
CORNICES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to improvements in the decoration and construction of
ceilings, roofs, and cornices, which improvements are also applicable to other
purposes; and has for its object to richly ornament the same at a comparatively
nominal cost, and also by the improved method of fitting such decorations to afford
improved ventilation.
My improved decoration consists of glass panels of any suitable dimensions,
ornamented on one side with diapers, figures, or any other suitable design. To
effect such ornamentation I first coat one side of the glass with suitable coloring
matter. I then prepare a stencil plate of the required design and place the same
over such colored surface, and with a brush or otherwise I remove the coloring
matter from the unprotected portions of the surface of the glass, after which I fill
in the ground with suitable colors.
I then coat over the entire surface with a waterproof solution so as to fix the
design permanently, and also to obviate the injurious effects of the air and damp
thereon; or in lieu of such solution I place over the design a suitable waterproof
backing.
In order to obtain thorough ventilation I make suitable apertures in the ceiling
or other place where the decoration are to be fitted, and I fix additional grounds
of wood or other suitable material to the timbers of the ceiling. I then securely
fix rebated ribs or mouldings all round such panels to the additional grounds before
mentioned, such ribs being furnished with suitable perforations so as to afford
ventilation; or 1 intersect the mitres of the ribs or ornaments with solid blocks
perforated to allow an air current to pass from the room below into the space
occupied by the ceiling joists, and thus form an air chamber. Also when required
I arrange and fix other perforated ornaments of any suitable material to the other
parts of the ceiling and cornice, as well to insure at all times a current of fresh air
passing through the rooms below as to afford protection to the decorated glass
panels from wet and damp.

page_text: When necessary I make the floors above such decorated ceilings air and water
tight, and for ventilation cut suitable openings at convenient places between the
glass ceiling and the floor above, in which openings I fix ventilators, connected by
pipes, if required, through the thickness of the walls, and thus convert the entire
area above the glass ceiling into an air chamber.
To regulate the air current I provide valves, cords, and pulleys, or any other
suitable means, so as to close the outside ventilators when required.
My Invention may be readily applied to decorating railway and other carriages,
and other similar purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TWISTING OR DOUBLING MACHINERY
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Thorp Taylor and James Tinker
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th July 1880.
.
JOHN THORP TAYLOR, of Holmforth, in the County of York, Manufacturer, and
JAMES TINKER, of the same Place, Designer. " IMPROVEMENTS IN TWISTING OR
DOUBLING MACHINERY."
This Invention relates to machinery for twisting or doubling two threads
together, but is applicable to machinery for twisting more than two threads, and
the object of the Invention is to prevent the waste of yarn which is now made by
the present construction of machinery when one of the threads break or becomes
used up. The improvements consist in placing upon the top front drawing roller a
counterbalanced instrument or lever, so formed and arranged that it fits partially
around the said top roller with one end hanging down, and upon this end the two
threads rest or bear previous to their arrival to the ring or flyer. When one of the
threads break or becomes used up the remaining thread is broken by the action or
process of twisting, when the end of the lever or instrument which is hanging down
or which was supported by the threads is overbalanced, and the other end of the
instrument which was partially wrapped around the top roller is carried forward
between the point of contact of the top and bottom rollor, and lifts up the top
roller the thickness of the material of which the instrument is composed, and
immediately the top and bottom roller are removed from contact with each other,
the delivery of the unbroken thread is stopped, and waste is thereby prevented.
IMPROVED THERMOMETERS AND BAROMETERS WITH ELECTRIC SCALE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edgar Edmonds at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th November 1880. A communication
from abroad by Otto Koch, of Berlin, and August Eichhorn, of Coethen,
Germany.
25
EDGAR EDMONDS, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman and Company, of 166,
Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents. IMPROVED THERMOMETERS
AND BAROMETERS WITH ELECTRIC SCALE" A communication from abroad by
Otto Koch, of Berlin, and August Eichhorn, of Coethen, Germany.
The object of this Invention is a thermometer, in the scale of which platina-
wires are inserted in such a way that the ends just enter the inside of the
thermometer tube, so that the platina metal comes in contact with the mercury
whenever it is expanded by heat, and thus a metallic conduit is obtained, on which
an electric current can pass going over an electro-magnet with alarm bell. By
this means the temperature in any drying room, malt kiln, or other required place,
can be ascertained from the stand of the fireman, or from any other distant place,
without opening the drying room wherein the thermometer is placed.
thermometer tube is provided in its scalemarks with platina wires molten into the
glass, which are connected to wires leading to a contact board of any convenient
form in connection with a battery and alarm bell of ordinary construction. The
contact-board has keys, which by means of leading wires is connected with the
platina-wires in the scalemarks.
The
By pressing down these keys the circuit is closed upon a transverse wire in
connection with the alarm bell and the battery.
From the battery a separate wire leads to the thermometer and ends in a platina
wire which is inserted into the tube below the scale, so that it is always in contact
with the mercury.
When the latter expanded by the heat ascends and reaches one of the upper
platina wires in the scale, the circuit is not yet closed, but by pressing down the
keys the circuit closes and the bell sounds.
By pressing down one key after the other, it can easily be ascertained which is
the utmost key that closes the circuit; the next following if pressed down does
not sound the bell, as the mercury has not yet reached the corresponding height,
and the circuit remains open.

page_text: Thus the temperature in the dry room where the thermometer is placed can be
ascertained from any distant place. The barometer can be provided with a similar
scale for the purpose of measuring the pressure of the atmosphere in places which
are not always accessible, as high mountains in winter, or certain adits, galleries, or
shafts in mines where fire or choke damps prevail.
AN IMPROVED KEY PLATE FOR PRIVATE CORRESPONDENCE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Brierley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th December 1880. A communication
from abroad by Julius Pignol, of Berlin.
"
WALTER BRIERLEY, of Halifax, in the County of York, and Blackburn, in the
County of Lancaster, Patent Agent. 'AN IMPROVED KEY PLATE FOR PRIVATE
CORRESPONDENCE." A communication from abroad by Julius Pignol, of Berlin.
To make communications on postal cards intelligible only for the writer and the
receiver I cut out from a piece of sheet metal or other thin sheet of the size of a
postal card a certain number of rectangular holes.
This plate is then placed on a blank postal card, and then the words of the com-
munication are written in the rectangles one after the other. The plate is then
turned in such way that another corner of the plate lays on another corner of the
card than before, then is written within the rectangular holes as above described,
and so till all four corners of the postal card have been covered with the corner 1
of the plate. Such writing on the postal card only can be understood by the
possessor of a plate with the cuts on the same place as the writer has, and it will
be seen that the relative position of the rectangular holes may be varied to any
extent.
Having thus fully described my Invention, what I claim and desire to secure by
Letters Patent is,-
A plate with rectangular cuts to be used for the correspondency on postal cards,
the contents of which only the possessor of an equal plate can understand,
substantially as described.
APPARATUS FOR PLANING AND CUTTING METALS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Rusby and Richard
Sumner at the Ottice of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th February
1880.
GEORGE HENRY RUSBY, Stone Merchant, and RICHARD SUMNER, Schoolmaster,
both of Denby, acar Huddersfield, in the County of York.
APPARATUS FOR PLANING AND CUTTING METALS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
Our Invention consists in an improved apparatus for planing and cutting metals,
which cuts the metals during both the backward and forward movement of the
table, whereby a larger amount of work can be done in a given time.
Our apparatus is constructed as follows:-
To an ordinary planing or cutting machine I attach to the cross head or slide a
sliding box which has the usual backward and forward movement between the two
pillars; this sliding box is fitted with an inner sliding box, which can be raised or
lowered within the outer box; the inner box is fitted with a chisel box to which the
ordinary chisel or planing tool is fixed; below or beside the inner sliding box we fix
a small chisel box, with chisel or planing tool so arranged as to cut the reverse way,
so that when the ordinary chisel or tool has cut or planed during the forward move-.
ment of the table, on its return the chisel in the small box acts and cuts, and so the
metal is cut or planed during both movements of the table; or instead of the table
moving, our Invention is equally applicable to a machine constructed so that the
table is stationary, and the tool box travels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO CONTINUOUS KILNS FOR BURNING BRICKS AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Balmer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th October 1880.
PETER BALMER, of Scarisbrick, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
AND APPERTAINING TO CONTINUOUS KILNS FOR BURNING BRICKS AND OTHER
ARTICLES."
In continuous kilns of the square or rectangular shape, where only the outside
walls can be got at, and the flue is placed between the two rows of kilns, great
difficulty is experienced in burning the bricks evenly.
Now my Invention is designed to enable one to use the rectangular principle
to save the space in the centre usually wasted over flues and chimney, and to use
the chimney more conveniently for other purposes. I place the chimney outside
the kiln, preferably near one end, and bring the flue underground beneath the kiln
end and round the kiln beneath the floor close to the outside walls. Each of the
numerous rectangular arched chambers, formed in two rows, joined back to back,
has openings dipping vertically downwards into the flues near the sides of the
doors; the end ones also have openings close to the main partition wall, and every
partition between two kilns in the same row is pierced with openings fitted with
dampers. The two end kilns at each end are also fitted with similar perforations
opening into each other. Each of the openings into the flues has also a damper
or regulator worked from the outside. In one of the buttresses at the ends I place
furnaces opening into the first chamber so as to start the kiln from the outside
instead of wasting one chamber for the purpose.
The mode of operating is as follows:-I fill several chambers with bricks and
fuel piled in the usual manner, and light fires in the furnaces and open the
dampers between the chambers, letting the smoke out at the last chamber that is
filled and isolating it from the rest which are being filled. When the first is well
heated I cut off the furnaces feeding in fuel in the usual manner from above. When
the first is burnt sufficiently I cut it off from the rest and let it slowly cool and
put on a fresh chamber at the other end. Thus if there be ten chambers three may
be drying and firing, three cooling, and four emptying and refilling, the kiln being
worked in a continuous manner. The top of the kiln and a shed over the flue by
the chimney are used for drying.

page_text: The number of chambers is quite immaterial, as with kilns of many chambers
the kiln can be firing at two or more points. The object in putting the flue all
round near the outside is that the gases can be made to follow any direction, and
the outside of the kiln, which is naturally the coolest place, gets its due share. The
central partition may be omitted between the end chambers, the two thus becoming
one of double the size of the others.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE PICKS EMPLOYED IN LOOMS, SPECIALLY APPLICABLE FOR WEAVING VELVETS AND VELVETEENS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Emmott at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th November 1880.
f
THOMAS EMMOTT, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE PICKS EMPLOYED IN LOOMS, SPECIALLY APPLICABLE
FOR WEAVING VELVETS AND VELVETEENS."
The object of my Invention is to remove ribbiness and raciness from the face of
fast pile velvets or velveteens.
In performing my Invention I make use of a loom of the ordinary construction,
with a tappet of twenty two or other convenient number to the round, but instead
of putting in the binder picks in regular succession, as is now customary, I put
them in irregularly. put four binder picks between such a number of face picks
as constitute three times the number of face ends in the weaver's draft; for instance,
if there be twelve ends in the weaver's draft there will be six face ends, and I put
four binder picks to eighteen face picks (or three times six face picks) after the fifth,
ninth, fourteenth, and eighteenth face picks; by this means I am enabled to weave
fast pile velvets and velveteens, free from ribbiness or raciness, with a plain rib or
twill back, with a small number of picks to the round.
My improvements may be applied to velvets and velveteens of cotton, silk, or
other fibrous material, in which eight, ten, twelve, or other number of ends in the
weaver's draft are used. The face picks are held by three or more warp ends, as is
usual in weaving fast pile velvets and velveteens.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAVELLING TRUNKS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jules Jean Baptiste Toussaint at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd December 1880.
JULES JEAN BAPTISTE TOUSSAINT, Manufacturer of Travelling Trunks and Bags,
of the City of Paris, in the Republic of France. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAVELLING
TRUNKS."
The object of this Invention is to render travelling trunks capable of reduction
in size when not required for use, so that they may occupy as little space as possible,.
and at the same time when opened and extended to their full proportions, they
may have all the solidity of an ordinary trunk, and in general appearance do not
differ from them, and are not affected by the mode of construction necessitated to
obtain the object in view.
The top, bottom, two sides, and two ends are each made in two parts, each of
which is united by hinges, allowing these parts to fold inwards when the trunk is
reduced, aud when opened out, the top, bottom, sides, and ends are held secure and
in position by means of hooks and ringed staples conveniently situated for the
purpose.
.
The two ends being likewise further strengthened by such bars as used for
shutters.
The trunk is also provided with movable and folding trays hinged in the same
manner as the trunk, and these fit inside the box in a space made for their
reception.
When the box is reduced to its smallest dimensions, the several hinged parts are
unlocked from their respective staples, and these parts are then pressed inwards
and are then folded, occupying the inside of the lid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COPYING PRESSES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philip Middleton Justice at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th April 1880.
PHILIP MIDDLETON JUSTICE, of 14, Southampton Buildings, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN COPYING PRESSES."
This Invention relates to improvements in presses for copying letters and other
documents, and consists of the application for this purpose of a pneumatic pressure,
the pressure being applied by means of an inflatable air-press or receiver which
may be either entirely of a flexible air tight material or partly of wood or other
rigid material with sides of a flexible substance. This air press is used in com-
bination with a light case or box, the top and bottom being preferably connected
by parallel links, so as to make the box also collapsible. The air press is inflated
by means of an air ball or pump with suitable valves. The connection with the
ball or pump is best made by a flexible tube. The copying book (when the receiver
is inflated) is pressed strongly between the receiver and the bottom of the copying
case. By opening an escape valve the pressure can be at once removed. "This
press is at once lighter, cheaper, and more compact than the ordinary press.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ATTACHING DOOR AND OTHER KNOBS AND HANDLES TO THEIR SPINDLES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Charles Emery at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st August 1880.
SAMUEL CHARLES EMERY, of Erdington, in the County of Warwick.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ATTACHING DOOR AND OTHER KNOBS AND HANDLES TO
THEIR SPINDLES."
"
My Invention consists in fastening the knobs of doors, drawers, tills, and such
like articles to their spindles or otherwise.
I will describe my Invention thus:-I employ a plate of any suitable outline
which I permanently arrange to the lock plate; this said plate has a projecting
collar with aperture the interior of which is recessed; the edge of this collar has a
key-way and the neck of the knob keyed correspondingly. The spindle being passed
through the square in the lock (the knob having been adjusted), passes through the
plate into the square in the knob. A second plate, identical in principle to the above
described but having screw-holes, is now passed over the other end of the spindle;
a second knob is now fed upon the spindle, the key of which is arranged also in
the keyway; a rotary movement is given to this plate and secured finally by screws
to the door.
This Invention is applicable to knobs and handles made, of metal as well as to
knobs and handles made of non-metallic substances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH THE FRAMES OF RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGE WINDOWS."
Year: 1880

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harry George Cox at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd February 1880.
HARRY GEORGE Cox, of Chorlton-on-Medlock, in the County. of Lancaster.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH THE FRAMES OF RAILWAY AND OTHER
CARRIAGE WINDOWS."
The object of my Invention is to protect the lower corners of the window frames
of railway, hackney, and other carriages, and to prevent the rattle caused when the
windows are shaken, or pulled up, or let down, and consists, firstly, in fixing to the
lower corners of the frame a plate of brass or other suitable metal, the side and
bottom of the plate having an edge of sufficient depth to lap over the side and
bottom of the frame. The bottom edge of the plate is turned up so as to clip the
frame in front, and to form a receptacle for an india-rubber cushion, a portion of
which protrudes through a slot in the bottom edge of the plate which minimises
the shock when the window is suddenly let down from top to bottom. The plate
is fixed on the frame flush with the wood, and secured by screws.
The second part of my Invention consists in fixing to each side of the frame of
the window a frame of brass or other suitable metal having an axis, which carries
a small wheel with a U, V, or crescent rim containing a rubber tyre. The axis of
the wheel is so arranged that it may be tightened up by a screw at pleasure.
The outer circumference of the wheel presses against the door or fixed frame of the
window, and, besides preventing any side rattle, causes the moveable window frame
to run more easily in its bearings.
A NEW OR IMPROVED AUTOMATIC BRAKE FOR RAILWAY, TRAM, AND OTHER CARRIAGES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Butler at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th November 1880.
SAMUEL BUTLER, of Cardiff, Engineer. "A NEW OR IMPROVED AUTOMATIC
BRAKE FOR RAILWAY, TRAM, AND OTHER CARRIAGES."
My Invention has for its object to utilise the momentum or moving force of a
railway, tram or other vehicle, for the purpose of actuating the block or other
brakes used for retarding or stopping such vehicle.
It consists, in the case where an engine is employed for propelling a rail or tram
car, in making the connection between the engine and car by a single bar, forming
draw bar, buffer and break rod, being capable of drawing the car or resisting its
motion. This bar can be thrust in against a strong spring on the car, which spring
in its turn forces upon the break blocks applied to the wheels of the car by suitable
mechanical connections.
Presuming the engine and rail or tram car to be descending a gradient with the
break applied to the engine sufficient to resist the force of the car behind, the
whole force of the car would press against the engine, which would sustain
the pressure by the forenamed rod or bar fixed in connection with the break blocks
on the car, thus transmitting all its force to its own resistance.
A similar effect in a greater degree would be realized in case of a sudden or
violent application of the breaks on the engine; all wheels on both engine and car
would be acted upon at once, and the car brought up in a short distance. A simple
arrangement is provided to prevent the engine forcing against the breaks of the
car in case it should be required to steam backwards.
The same arrangement is applicable in cases where horses are used as motive
power, and should a horse fall, the break acts immediately without the attention of
the driver. If desired, in lieu of using a spring as a medium between the engine
and the break blocks of the car, the action of air, gas, or liquid may be used and
applied independently of the drawbar or buffers.
Presuming that oil is used, a cylinder containing it is placed under the carriage.
In this cylinder works a plunger directly connected with the buffers, so that
immediately any pressure is given to them, the plunger forces upon the oil which.
communicates the pressure to another plunger in connection with the break blocks,

page_text: and the break is applied. By a suitable valve arrangement the pressure is relieved
from the plungers after the breaks have been sufficiently applied.
A small reservoir of oil is provided, which can replace through a check valve any
loss from leakage.
By the use of this arrangement in the case of railway trains, any excessive
pressure, such as caused by collisions or sudden blows in shunting, is relieved, and
not applied to the break blocks above a reasonable amount.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PROTECTING FROM CORROSION OR FOULING IRON AND STEEL SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS AND STRUCTURES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Farnham Maxwell Lyte at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st December 1880.
FARNHAM MAXWELL LYTE, of Putney, in the County of Surrey.
" AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF PROTECTING FROM CORROSION OR FOULING IRON AND
STEEL SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS AND STRUCTURES."
My Invention consists in an application of electricity for preventing the corrosion
and consequent fouling of iron or steel ships, vessels, or structures, by attaching to
them suitably arranged conductors in such a manner that the said ship, vessel, or
structure when immersed in or wetted by an electrolytic solution, sea water for
example, shall become a cathode. The protective influence of studs or masses of
zinc, or other metal electro positive to iron, attached to iron plates immersed in
water or certain saline solutions has been already tried and proved, but for certain
reasons this arrangement has been hitherto neglected as being difficult of application,
costly, and imperfect in its action.
The improvements however of late years effected in. the production of dynamo-
electricity offer new, cheaper, and more readily applicable methods of carrying out
this mode of protection.
I so arrange one or more wires or conductors connected with the negative poles
of one or more batteries or dynamo-electric machines as to convey the currents to
the parts to be protected, or to distribute the effect as evenly as may be convenient
over the whole or part of the ship, vessel, or structure to be protected, the anode
being at the same time immersed in or connected with the electrolytic solution.
By this means I set up a deoxidising or reducing action all over the surfaces of the
iron or steel to be protected, thus either arresting or materially diminishing the
oxidation to which iron or steel are naturally prone, and I obtain thereby as a
result the desired preservative effect.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLYING PRESERVATIVE COATINGS TO PIPES, SHEETS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Napier Smith at the Office of the.
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th November 1880.
NAPIER SMITH, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLYING PRESERVATIVE COATINGS TO PIPES, SHEETS, AND
OTHER ARTICLES OF IRON AND STEEL."
This Invention has for its object to render more permanent and efficacious the
coatings applied to pipes, sheets, and other articles of iron and steel, for the purpose
of preserving the same from corrosion; and it is applicable with any coating
material or composition of a bituminous or resinous nature.
The coatings commonly applied to iron gas and water pipes according to the
process known as Dr. Angus Smith's, and similar coatings, are frequently found
defective from causes hitherto imperfectly understood. A series of investigations
has however satisfied the present applicant that the defects arise not altogether, as
is generally supposed, from external or atmospheric action, but chiefly from a cause
operating beneath the coating. It is believed to be due to oxygen which has
attacked the iron, possibly only to a slight extent, prior to the application of the
coating, and which eventually causes the loosening of the coating and ultimately
its separation from the iron.
To prevent the action referred to, the iron pipe is dipped in lime water or thin
milk of lime, or in any other sufficiently economical or convenient alkaline liquid
before applying the bituminous or similar coating. The pipe is by preference in a
heated state when being dipped in the alkaline liquid, and it dries by the action of
its own heat immediately on being lifted out, and is then ready to be transferred
to the usual dipping tank for receiving the bituminous or similar coating.
A similar result may be obtained in the case of cast articles by using milk of
lime instead of the ordinary black wash or moulders' blackening for coating the
moulds and cores previously to casting, but when, as in the case of some pipes, parts
have to be cut off or turned or bored, or the skin has to be otherwise broken,
the process of dipping subsequently to casting is to be preferred..
The herein before described process is applicable amongst other articles to thin

page_text: sheet iron for roofing purposes, and in this case the sheets after being scaled,
if necessary, and also pickled and cleaned, are placed in tanks of lime water, or
other alkaline liquid, which completely neutralises any acid left in the pores of the
metal. The sheets are then dried and coated with any suitable material or
composition of a bituminous or resinous nature. Iron or steel plates for ship-
building may be advantageously treated in the same way.