Improvements in the Treatment of Beer and other Liquids, and in Apparatus for the same.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Jan., 1893—Accepted, 4th Mar., 1833
COMPLETE SPECIFICATIOUN.
Improvements in the Treatment of Beer and other Liquids, and in
Apparatus for the same.
..
J
1, AUGUST WERNER, Manufacturer, of 130, St. Mark's Avenue, Brooklyn, in
the County of Kings, and State of New York, United States of America, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol
the following
statement:-
I
"
This invention relates to improvements in the treatment of liquids, principally
beer, whereby any waste of the gases arising during the process of fermentation is
prevented and the liquid is filtered to remove impurities, steamed, charged with the
necessary amount of carbonic acid gas, and finally filled into kegs or bottles without.
losing any of the valuable. properties contained in the liquid and charged thereto,
during the process, so that the filled liquid is not liable to spoil but, on the contrary,
will keep for almost any desired length of time and under varying temperatures.in
different climates, thus obviating the necessity of charging the liquid intended for
export, with spirits, or other liquids to prevent spoiling, as has been doue heretofore.
The invention consists mainly of a process whereby the liquid is caused to flow,
in a continuous stream, and under total exclusion of air, through a filter to remove;
impurities, then through a steaming apparatus to pasteurize the liquids while in
motion, then to a charger to charge the liquid with carbonic acid gas, and finally.
to a filling device to fill the liquid into bottles or casks without the formation of
"
froth..
* t..
The invention also consists of certain parts and details and combinations of the
same as will be fully described hereinafter and then pointed out, in the claims.
Reference is to be had, to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this
Specification, in which similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.in.
all the figures.
.
.
"
Figure 1, is a sectional side elevation of the arrangement for collecting and
purifying the gaseous products of fermentation to form carbonic acid gas with which
the original liquid, or any other liquid, can be charged or the gas utilized in any.
other manner.
:,
1
"
Figure 2 is a perspective view of the filter used for removing impurities contained,
in the liquid.
Figure 3 is a transverse section of part of the same..
Figure 4 is a sectional side elevation of the apparatus arranged for filtering,
steaming, charging, and filling the liquid.
Figure 5 is a sectional side elevation of the apparatus arranged for filtering the
liquid, separating the froth therefrom, and then filling the same without steaming
or charging.
Figure 6 is a sectional side elevation of the apparatus for filtering and charging:
the liquid and separating the froth, preparatory to filling, and
.
Figure 7 is an enlarged sectional side elevation of the preferred form of apparatus.
for mixing or charging the liquid with a suitable gas.
As illustrated in Figure 1, the carbonic acid gas used for charging the liquid
or for other purposes, is manufactured directly from beer contained in the
fermenting tuns A. For this purpose the tun is temporarily increased in length by.
a ring or open hood B set on the open top of the tun, preferably on a rubber ring.
or washer fitted over the outside of the tun and forming a seat for the ring B.
This ring or hood B on the upper end of the tun is connected, by a pipe C con-
taining a trap D, with a pipe E leading to a reservoir F of suitable size and shape,

page_text: so as to store a large quantity of the gaseous products of fermentation arising from
the several tuns used in a large establishment.
It is understood that the ring or hood B is moved from time to time from one
tun to another, so that the gaseous products of all the tuns are collected and
as the product is heavier than atmospheric air, it readily flows through the pipes.
mentioned to the reservoir F. The latter may be cheaply built of cement or
other suitable material and is provided at its top with an air outlet F1 which is
always open, to let air into and out of the reservoir. The latter is, preferably,
partly filled with water, as indicated in the drawings, and is provided with water-
washing devices F' and steam devices F for cleaning the reservoir whenever
necessary. In the bottom of the reservoir is arranged an outlet pipe F for
discharging the wash water and impurities, said outlet being, however, closed
during the time gases are collecting in the reservoir. Gas outlet valves F' are
also arranged on one end of the reservoir to permit the operator to examine the
state of the gas contained in the reservoir. The gas can be withdrawn from
the reservoir through a pipe G connected with a suitable pump G₁ which serves
to draw the gases from the reservoir F and force the same through a purifying
apparatus H of any approved construction, the partly purified gases finally passing
under pressure through a filter I into a gasometer or gas reservoir J from which
the gases pass through a pump J' into a closed storage tank K and from which the
completely purified gases are withdrawn in quantities as required for charging the
liquid or for other purposes.
In order to carry the above mentioned method into effect, I prefer the arrange-
ment illustrated in Figure 4 in which the liquid to be treated is contained in a
large storage cask L from which the liquid is conducted through a pipe L' into
a filter shown in detail in Figures 2 and 3. This filter I is preferably con-
structed of single frames connected with each other and forming a set, one or more
such sets being suspended in a vessel. The central frame of each set is connected
with the outlet. Each frame is provided with perforated, transversely-extending,
plates and is covered with a cover of filtering fabric which encloses each of the
said frames and is stretched over the outer edges of the plates, with a layer of
loose filtering material placed between the covers of two adjacent frames. The
several frames of one set with their intermediate layers of loose filtering material
are connected with each other by suitable clamping devices, as illustrated in
Figures 2 and 3. The outlets of the several sets of frames connect with a
pipe L which with the pipe L' extends at its open end to a height corresponding
to that of the cask L. In the pipe L' is arranged a large vessel L' from which
leads a pipe L' which extends downward a suitable distance below the storage
cask L, preferably one or more storeys below the said cask, so that the liquid
flows under its own hydrostatic pressure through the pipe L' into a pump N for
regulating the flow of the liquid through the several devices. The latter has its
outlet connected with a pipe O passing through a considerably larger pipe O'
formed into two coils O' and 0³ of which the coil O' is passed around a steaming
vessel P. The pipe O after passing out of the end of this coil O³ extends into
and through the steaming vessel P to again connect with the outer closed end of
the coil whereby the liquid passing through the pipe O passes through the
steaming apparatus to finally flow into the pipe O' at the coil O' and then back
through the coil O* and out into a pipe O', as is plainly shown in Figure 4.
The
steaming vessel P is connected with a suitable source of heat supply, preferably
water heated by steam, introduced through a pipe P₁ and provided with a cock P³,
the said pipe discharging into the vessel P, so that the liquid flowing through
that part of the pipe O arranged within the steaming vessel P is heated or
steamed to a high degree of temperature. The outlet of the pipe O from the
vessel P carries a thermometer O* indicating the degree of temperature the liquid
has on leaving the steaming device. The end of the pipe O' of the coil of pipe O
at the entrance of the pipe O to the said pipe, connects with the pipe
previously mentioned and this pipe is coiled around a charging apparatus Q
as

page_text: contained in a tank Q₁ and of any approved construction, for charging the already
steamed liquid with a suitable gas, preferably carbonic acid gas, drawn from the
storage gas tank K.
It will be seen that by this arrangement the liquid, after leaving the regulating
pump N flows in one direction through the pipe O¹, through which the liquid
after being steamed returns whereby the outflowing liquid gradually gives off its
heat to the inflowing liquid for the double purpose of gradually heating the
inflowing liquid and in a like manner gradually cooling the outflowing liquid so
that the latter will be in the proper condition to receive the gas-charge from the
charging apparatus Q. The liquid is further cooled in the vessel Q¹ by a suitable
cooling agent contained in the vessel. The liquid after being charged in the
charging apparatus Q passes from the latter through a pipe R to a vessel R¹
preferably in the shape of a keg and from this vessel the liquid passes through
a pipe R upward to a second vessel S connected by a nozzle or faucet T with
the barrel: U into which the liquid is to be filled. The bung of the barrel U
through which the mouth of the faucet T passes also carries a pipe T¹ connected
with the upper end of the vessel S so that the liquid is not exposed to atmospheric
air and the barrel U readily fills by the displacement of air through the pipe T'.:
Now, it will be seen that by this process of steaming the liquid while in motion
and flowing under its own hydrostatic pressure, all air is excluded during the time
the liquid is gradually and temporarily heated, then steamed, gradually cooled,
then charged with gas and cooled to a low temperature before it is finally filled
into a receiving vessel or keg, so that no valuable properties contained in the
liquid can be lost while undergoing the various stages of the method. As the
steaming device is located below the storage cask and filling device the liquid is
subjected to considerable pressure while undergoing the steaming process, but no
gas or flavor can separate from the liquid. The pump N is mainly used to regulate
the speed of flow of the liquid through the several pipes and principally through
the steamer so as to maintain a uniform flow and temperature of the liquid. Instead
of locating the filter I near the storage cask L, the same may be located near the
steaming device or any other part of the apparatus, preferably however before the
liquid is steamed and charged with gas, or if desired two filters may be used one
before and one after steaming and charging the liquid. It will be seen that
although the liquid is kept constantly in motion any inlet of air is prevented and it
is steamed under considerable hydrostatic pressure so that the valuable properties
of the liquid, the gases, etc., are retained. Thus the liquid is taken in one con-
tinuous process from the storage cask and treated as described, to be finally filled
into the respective keg or other vessel to be ready for the market.
In the arrangement illustrated in Figure 5, steaming and charging is dispensed
with and in this case the storage cask V is connected by a pipe V₁ with a filter I
similar in construction to the one above described. The outlet of this filter is
connected with a vertically-disposed inverted cone-shaped tube V leading into, a
vessel V from which the liquid is drawn through faucets into bottles or kegs. as
the case may be. A gas supply pipe V connects with the pipe V₁ leading to the
filter and this gas supply pipe is also connected with the respective storage cask at
the top and the liquid supply pipe V1 to maintain an equalizing pressure on the
liquid in the cask and filter corresponding to the hydrostatic pressure or weight of
the column of liquid passing up the tube Vinto the vessel V. The liquid passing
from the supply pipe V₁ circulates through the filter I and is freed therein of its
impurities, so that the purified liquid is finally discharged into the lower small end
of the tube Vin which the liquid rises and in so doing the pressure becomes less
and less whereby bubbles, froth, and the like, quickly separate from the liquid and
rise with the same, their passage upward being unobstructed owing to the increase
in the size of the tube V and the consequent increase of the volume of the liquid
in the enlarged part of the tube V³. The bubbles finally entering the vessel V
are under very little pressure and float easily to the surface of the liquid and the
froth readily condenses. back into liquid form.

page_text: [.
It is understood that the liquid rising in the tube V accumulates in the vessel V
while the froth formed by the bubbles accumulates on the top of the liquid and
again condenses as above described.
It is understood that if, for instance, a bottle is to be filled, say with 15 pounds
pressure, the pressure in the cask V from which the liquid is drawn must equal
15 pounds plus the amount necessary for raising the liquid into the vessel V
A suitable gauge on the gas supply pipe V indicates the proper amount of gas
pressure.
As illustrated in Figure 6, the apparatus is somewhat differently arranged and
in this case a cask W containing the liquid is connected by a pipe W with a
vertically disposed pipe W connected at its lower end with a filter W³ of the
construction previously described. The outlet of this filter W8 is in a pipe W
containing a vessel in the shape of a barrel and connected with a pipe W' preferably
leading to a pump W, the outlet of which is in a downwardly-extending pipe W
connected with a mixing and charging device X of any approved construction
preferably, however, of the construction shown in Figure 7, and hereinafter more
fully described. A pipe We also connects with the mixing apparatus X, the said
pipe being connected with a suitable source of gas supply, preferably the tank K,
so that the necessary amount of carbonic acid gas is mixed with the liquid.
The outlet pipe Y of the mixing apparatus X discharges into a vessel Y¹,
provided with a gauge and air outlet cock, and connected at its bottom with a
tube extending upward and preferably of an inverted cone shape, as previously
explained and shown in Figure 5. The base or upper end of this tube Y' is
connected with a vessel Y provided with faucets or nozzles for drawing off the
liquid into the bottles or casks to be filled. It will be seen that in this apparatus
the charging of the liquid with the necessary gas (carbonic acid gas) or gaseous
matter takes place at a considerable distance down from the storage cask W so that
the liquid at the point of being charged with the gas is under considerable pressure,
the pressure corresponding to the weight of the column of liquid in the tube Y' and
of that in the pipe W. It will be seen that when the valve or cock in the pipe W¹
is opened the liquid passes from the supply cask W through the pipe W' downward
into the charging and mixing apparatus X and through the same to finally pass
upward through the tube Y2 into the vessel Y from which the liquid is drawn
and filled into bottles as above described. It will be seen that by this apparatus
a liquid deficient in gaseous matter, and consequently flat, is readily charged with
the necessary amount of suitable gas to increase its strength and to render it
palatable.
It is expressly understood that the liquid flowing through the pipes receives the
charge of gas at the bottom and is under the pressure of the weight of the column of
liquid in the pipes.
The mixing apparatus X are preferably of the construction illustrated in Figure 7
in which the lower end of the pipe W' contains the gas supply pipe W8 connected
with a suitable source of gas supply under pressure usually the tank K as above
mentioned. The lower end of the gas supply pipe Ws within the pipe W7 is flushi
with the latter and both pipes extend through the top of a casing arranged vertically
and preferably made in two parts X and X of which the upper part is corrugated
and bolted or otherwise fastened to the lower cylindrical part X'. Within this
vessel is arranged a wheel X³ made hollow and into which opens centrally the
liquid supply pipe W7 containing the lower end of the gas supply pipe W8 so that
both the liquid and the gas pass simultaneously into the interior of the wheel X³.
The latter is provided in its rim with curved outlet pipes X' through which the
liquid and the gas can escape and in so doing re-act ou the pipes of the wheel X³
to impart a rotary motion to the latter in the well known manner. The wheel X³
is mounted at its bottom on a vertically-disposed shaft X set in a step Xe arranged
in the bottom of the lower part X of the vessel, the top of the wheel X3 having its
bearing on the lower end of the liquid supply pipe W. On the shaft W directly
below the wheel X' and within the corrugated part X of the casing are arranged

page_text: A suitable
stirring or agitating arms X' preferably set at an angle to the shaft, as plainly
shown in Figure 7. The lower end of the part X' of the casing is connected with
the discharge pipe Y leading to the vessel Y', as before mentioned.
pressure gauge X is arranged on the cover of the casing to indicate the pressure
within the said casing.
'
Now, it will be seen that the liquid flowing through the pipe W' and the gas
under pressure, passing through the pipe W8, simultaneously pass into the wheel X³
in which a preliminary mixing of the liquid and gas takes place, the mixture
passing through the outlet pipes X into the upper part X2 of the casing, at the-
same time imparting a rotary motion to the wheel X as before described..
The charged liquid now leaving the pipes X' strikes the corrugations of the
upper part X of the casing so that the liquid and gas are divided into very fine-
particles and the particles are beaten by the agitating arms X', so that both the
liquid and the gas are considerably stirred up and finally mix very completely
before reaching the lower part X₁ of the casing. The liquid thus becomes charged
very minutely with the gases, no foam whatever is formed, and the charged liquid
finally flows out, through the pipe Y, to the receiving vessel, to be further treated,.
as above mentioned.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven--
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. The herein described method for the treatment of liquids which cousists in
gathering the gaseous products of fermentation in the fermenting tun, and per-.
mitting the same to flow by their own gravity to a collecting reservoir, then
withdrawing the gases from the latter and purifying the same by passing the gas
through a purifier to produce carbonic acid gas, storing this gas under pressure in
a tank, and then charging the gas into a column of liquid while the latter is in
motion and under its own hydrostatic pressure, substantially as shown and.
described.
2. The herein described method for the treatment of liquids, which consists in
gathering the gaseous products of fermentation in a fermenting tun and permitting
the same to flow by their own gravity to a collecting reservoir, then withdrawing
the gases from the latter and purifying the same by passing the gas through a
purifier, to produce carbonic acid gas, storing this gas under pressure in a tank and
then charging the gas into a column of liquid, while the latter is in motion and
under its own hydrostatic pressure, and steaming the liquid by subjecting the
column of moving liquid to heat at or near the base of said column under the
hydrostatic pressure of the column, and finally discharging the liquid into a
receiving vessel at the initial pressure of the liquid at the upper end of the column,
substantially as shown and described.
3. The herein described method for the treatment of liquids, which consists in
passing the liquid in a continuous stream through a steaming apparatus, to subject
it to the action of heat under exclusion of air and while in motion under its own
hydrostatic pressure substantially as shown and described.
4. The herein described method for the treatment of liquids, which consists in
first forming a moving column of liquid, and subjecting the column of liquid to the
action of heat at or near the base of said column, under the hydrostatic pressure of
the column, and then discharging the heated liquid into a receiving vessel at the
initial pressure of the liquid at the upper end of the column, substantially as shown
and described.
5. The herein described method for the treatment of liquids, which consists
in maintaining a column of the liquid in an inverted cone-shaped tube under its
own hydrostatic pressure, to permit the bubbles rising in the said column to readily
separate from the liquid, owing to the gradual decrease of pressure and the increase
in the size of the column substantially as shown and described.

page_text: 6. The herein described method for the treatment of liquids which consists in
forming a moving column of the liquid, then entering the gas into the flowing
liquid at or near the base of said column, under the hydrostatic pressure of the
said column, and then discharging the charged liquid into a receiving vessel at the
initial pressure of the liquid at the upper end of the column substantially as shown
and described.
7. The herein described method for the treatment of liquids, which consists in
forming a moving column of the liquid, passing the moving liquid through a filter,
then entering the gas into the flowing liquid at or near the base of said column
under the hydrostatic pressure of the said column, and then discharging the
charged liquid into a receiving vessel at the initial pressure of the liquid at the
upper end of the column, substantially as shown and described.
8. In an apparatus for the treatment of liquids the combination, with a receiving
receptacle provided with filling nozzles, of a liquid supply tube having an inverted
cone-shaped form and connected at its base with the said receiving receptacle, a
liquid supply cask connected with the small end of the said tube and a gas or air
supply connected with the said cask for maintaining a pressure on the liquid
therein, corresponding to the hydrostatic pressure of the column of liquid in the
said supply tube and the pressure desired in the vessels to be filled, substantially as
shown and described.
9. In an apparatus for the treatment of liquids the combination, with a receiving
receptacle provided with filling nozzles, of a liquid supply tube having an inverted
cone-shaped form and connected at its base with the said receiving receptacle, a
filter connected with the small end of the said tube, a liquid supply cask connected
with the said filter and a gas supply connected with the said cask for maintaining
a pressure on the liquid therein corresponding to the hydrostatic pressure of the
column of liquid in the said tube and the pressure desired in the vessels to be filled,
substantially as shown and described.
a
10. An apparatus for the treatment of liquids provided with a filter comprising
receiving vessel connected with the supply, a series of connected frames suspended
in the said vessel and of which the middle or inner frame is connected with the
outlet, each frame being provided with perforated transverse plates, a cover made
of filtering fabric and enclosing each of the said frames and stretched over the
outer edges of the said plates, a layer of loose filtering material placed between
the covers of two adjacent frames and means, substantially as described, for con-
necting the several frames with each other and to hold the loose filtering material
clamped by said means between said frames, substantially as shown and described.
11. An apparatus for the treatment of liquids provided with a mixing apparatus
comprising a wheel adapted to be driven by the moving column of liquid, & liquid
supply pipe opening into the said wheel at the centre thereof and a gas supply pipe
extending into the said liquid supply pipe so as to discharge its gas into the said
wheel simultaneously with the liquid from the said liquid supply pipe, substantially
as shown and described.
12. An apparatus for the treatment of liquids provided with a mixing apparatus
comprising a casing, a liquid supply pipe extending into the said casing, a gas
supply pipe passing through part of the said liquid supply pipe, and a wheel
mounted to turn within the said casing aud connected with the said liquid supply
pipe so that the entering liquid revolves the said wheel, substantially as shown and
described.
13. An apparatus for the treatment of liquids provided with a mixing apparatus
comprising a casing, a liquid supply pipe extending into the said casing, a gas
supply pipe passing through part of the said liquid supply pipe, a wheel mounted
to turn within the said casing and connected with the said liquid supply pipe Bo
that the entering liquid revolves the said wheel, and agitating arms held on the
shaft of the said wheel within the said casing, substantially as shown and
described.

page_text: 14. In an apparatus for the treatment of liquids the combination, with a corrugated
casing, of a wheel mounted to turn therein and connected with the liquid supply
and gas supply to furnish the motive power for revolving the said wheel, a shaft
carrying the said wheel, and agitating arms secured on the said shaft within the
5 said corrugated casing, substantially as shown and described.
Dated this 24th day of January 1893.
By A. M. & Wm. Clark,
53, Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agents.