IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING CARBONIC OXIDE
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Callender Hinde, of Cardiff, in the County
of Glamorgan, Ironmaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FURNACES OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING CARBONIC OXIDE."
Sealed the 16th June 1863, and dated the 24th December 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Callender Hinde
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th December 1862.
I, THOMAS CALLENDER HINDE, of Cardiff, in the County of Glamorgan,
Ironmaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE
MENTS IN FURNACES OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING CARBONIC OXIDE," to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements hereinafter explained in furnaces
or apparatus for generating carbonic oxide, by which improvements the said
carbonic oxide may be conveniently and economically made from small
anthracite or other small coal. The said carbonic oxide may be used for
heating steam boiler and other furnaces.
In constructing furnaces or apparatus according to my Invention for
generating carbonic oxide, I construct a closed chamber of brickwork, on the
summit of which chamber is a hopper; the said hopper may be made to com-
municate with, or be shut off from the said chamber by means of a sliding
valve or damper. At the bottom of the said chamber is a door, which may be
opened when required, but which is kept securely closed while the furnace or

page_text: apparatus is in use. At one or more sides of the said chamber, and at about
one-third of the height of the chamber from its bottom, is an opening, into
which a tuyere is inserted, and near the top of the said chamber is a pipe by
which the carbonic oxide produced is conveyed away to the steam boiler or
other furnace, where it is to be burned. The furnace or apparatus is used in
the following manner:-A fire is lighted on the bottom of the closed chamber,
the hopper is kept filled with small coal, which is allowed to fall from
time to time into the chamber by the temporary withdrawal of the valve or
damper. A blast of air from a fan or other blowing machine is passed through
the tuyere or tuyeres into the small coal in the chamber, by which blast the
combustion of the fuel is maintained, and the production of carbonic oxide
effected. The carbonic oxide produced passes from the chamber mixed with
the nitrogen of the air by the pipe near the top of the chamber, and is
conveyed to the furnace to be heated, where it is ignited in contact with
atmospheric air. The ash may be removed from time to time by the door at
the bottom of the chamber.
By the use of my Invention carbonic oxide may be conveniently obtained
from small anthracite or other coal, or the small coke called breezes, when the
said coal or breezes are in so fine a state of division as to be incapable of
being burned in a furnace of the ordinary kind.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Callender Hinde in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 20th June 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
CALLENDER HINDE, of Cardiff, in the County of Glamorgan, Ironmaster, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Thomas Callender Hinde, Her special licence that I, the said Thomas Callender
Hinde, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Thomas Callender Hinde, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,

page_text: the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FURNACES OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING CARBONIC OXIDE," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Thomas Callender Hinde, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Callender Hinde, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after explained in furnaces
or apparatus for generating carbonic oxide, by which improvements the said
carbonic oxide may be conveniently and economically made from small
anthracite or other small coal or coke as well as from large coal or coke. The
said carbonic oxide may be used for heating steam boiler and other furnaces,
and for various other purposes.
In constructing furnaces or apparatus according to my Invention for
generating carbonic oxide, I construct a closed chamber of brickwork, on the
summit of which chamber is a hopper. The said hopper may be made to
communicate with or be shut off from the said chamber by means of a sliding
valve or damper. At the bottom of the said chamber are a door or doors,
which may be opened when required, but which are kept securely closed
while the furnace or apparatus is in use. At one or more sides of the said
chamber, and at about one-third of the height of the said chamber from its
bottom, are one or more openings, into which tuyeres are inserted, and near
the top of the said chamber is a pipe, tube, or culvert, by which the carbonic
oxide produced is conveyed away to the steam boiler or other furnace or place
where it is to be burned. The furnace or apparatus is used in the following
manner :-A fire is lighted on the bottom of the closed chamber, the hopper
is kept filled with coal, which is allowed to fall from time to time into the
chamber by the temporary withdrawal of the valve or damper. A blast of air
from a fan or other blowing machine is passed through the tuyere or tuyeres
into the small or other coal in the chamber, by which blast the decomposition
of the fuel is effected, and carbonic oxide produced. The carbonic oxide so
produced passes from the chamber mixed with the nitrogen of the air by the
pipe, tube, or culvert near the top of the chamber, and is conveyed to the
furnace or other place where it is to be burned, and where it is ignited in

page_text: contact with atmospheric air. The ash may be removed from time to time by
the doors at the bottom of the chamber.
By the use of my Invention carbonic oxide may be conveniently obtained
not only from large coal or coke, but also from small anthacite or other coal,
or the small coke called breezes, when the said coal or breezes are in so fine
a state of division as to be incapable of being burned by the ordinary
methods.
Having explained the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to describe
with reference to the accompanying Drawing the manner in which the same
is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in horizontal section (partly in plan) a furnace or
apparatus for generating carbonic oxide, constructed according to my Invention,
the said furnace or apparatus being represented in connection with a series of
steam boilers to be heated by the combustion of the carbonic oxide produced;
and Figure 2 is a vertical section of the same taken through the line a,
Figure 1. The same letters indicate the same parts in Figures 1 and 2.
6 is a closed chamber of brick work encased in wrought-iron boiler plates, on
the summit of which is a hopper c, communicating therewith.
The com-
munication between the hopper c and chamber 6 may be opened and closed at
pleasure by means of the sliding valve or damper d; e, e, are doors near the
bottom of the chamber 6, which said doors may be opened when required, that
is, for the igniting of the fuel in the chamber or for the re:noval of ash, the
said doors being kept securely closed while the furnace or apparatus is in use.
At about one-third of the height of the chamber 6 from its bottom are
openings f, into which tuyeres 9, 9, are inserted. The said tuyeres g, g, are
supplied with a blast of air from the fan i or other blowing machine by means
of the pipes h. Near the top of the chamber 6 is a pipe, tube, or culvert k, by
which the carbonic oxide produced in the chamber 6, in the manner herein-
after explained, is conveyed along the pipe land branch pipes m, m, into the
furnaces or flues of the steam boilers n, n, where it is ignited and continues to
burn in contact with atmospheric air, the. quantity of atmospheric air being
regulated by a small valve or door placed near the point where the carbonic
oxide is admitted through or under the boilers. Where my Invention is used
in connection with iron works, the pipe 1 may communicate with the blast
furnaces, so as to receive the waste gases from the said furnaces in addition to
the carbonic oxide produced in the chamber b. The said chamber b may be
entirely cased with wrought-iron boiler plates or strongly bound with iron
hoops. o is a valve by which access is obtained to the tubes for cleaning or
repairs.
เ

page_text: The apparatus is used in the following manner :-A fire is lighted through
one of the doors e on the bottom of the chamber b, the hopper c is kept filled
with coal or coke, which is allowed to fall from time to time into the chamber 6
by the temporary withdrawal of the slide or damper d. Instead of the hopper
and damper the chamber b may be fed by the arrangement employed for
filling blast furnaces, and called the cup and cone. I prefer to keep the
chamber 6 filled with coal or coke to at least the height of about two feet
above the tuşeres g, as should there not be a sufficiency of ignited fuel in the
chamber 6, carbonic acid will be produced instead of carbonic oxide. A blast
of air from the fan or other blowing machine i is supplied by the pipes / to
the tuyeres g, by which the said blast is delivered into the coal or coke in the
chamber 6, and the decomposition of the fuel in the said chamber thereby
effected. The carbonic oxide produced in the chamber 6 by the decom-
position of the coal or coke passes mixed with the nitrogen of the atmospheric.
air by the pipes k, l, and m, to the steam boilers n, n, as herein-before
explained. Instead of removing the ash by one of the doors e, the said ash
may be fluxed out of the furnace by the use of a small quantity of lime
charged into the chamber 6 with the coal or coke. The slag produced by the
combination of the lime and ash may be run out by a small hole at the bottom
or side of the chamber 6 into an iron box or waggon provided for its reception.
In burning the carbonic oxide produced by the use of my Invention for
puddling, melting glass, or other purposes where intense local heat is required,
I prefer to inject one or more jets or blasts of atmospheric air into the carbonic
oxide at the point where it is to be ignited. The said jets or blasts may be
derived from the fan or blowing machine which supplies the generating
chamber b, and may be heated before being injected into the carbonic oxide.
I prefer to employ two or more generating chambers b, so that one may be at
work while the other is being cleansed of its ash or is under repair.
From the foregoing description of the apparatus, and method of working, it
will be seen that I do not employ any fire-bars or grate of any description, but
blow air directly into the mass of fuel, and thus avoid the expense and
difficulties arising from the clinkering of grate bars, the falling of unconsumed
fuel through the bars, and the burning away of the bars, and utilize the entire
quantity of the fuel. All that part of the gas generating apparatus which is
exposed to the action of heat being either constructed of or lined with fire-
brick, the wear and tear is extremely small.
Carbonic oxide produced by the use of my Invention may be conveyed in
iron or stoneware, or other tubes or channels to any required distance from
the generating chamber b, and the heat produced by its combustion may be

page_text: used for puddling and melting iron and steel, for the manufacture of glass, as
well as for warming buildings, cooking and heating purposes generally.
The advantages resulting from my Invention are that in the steam boiler or
other furnace or place where the carbonic oxide is burned no grate bars are
required, that no ash is produced, and that the products of combustion are
smokeless.
My Invention is particularly applicable to the boilers of marine steam
engines, as the chambers for generating carbonic oxide may be placed in any
convenient part of the vessel, and at a distance from the steam boilers. The
use of my Invention effects great economy in fuel, as small coal or other
carbonaceous fuel, useless for other purposes, may be employed in conjunction
with my Invention for the production of carbonic oxide.
Having now explained the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit
myself to the precise details herein described and represented, as the same may
be varied without departing from the nature of my Invention; but I claim as
my Invention the general arrangement or combination of parts of furnaces or
apparatus for the generation of carbonic oxide herein-before described, and
illustrated in the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Callender Hinde, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
THOMAS CALLENDER HINDE. (L.S.)
Witness,
LEWELLEN WOOD,
50, Londoun Square,
Cardiff.