IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF CONDENSING SACCHARINE JUICES, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION THEREIN, WHICH APPARATUS IS APPLICABLE TO EVAPORATING OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Tooth, of Hatcham, in the County of
Kent, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE
OF CONDENSING SACCHARINE JUICES, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Tooth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th December 1870.
I, ROBERT TOOTH, of Hatcham, in the County of Kent, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MODE OF CONDENSING SACCHARINE JUICES, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE
EMPLOYED THEREIN, WHICH APPARATUS IS APPLICABLE TO EVAPORATING OTHER
LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
-
The chief object of this Invention is to effect an economy
in the process
of condensing saccharine juices. To this end I provide a novel con-
struction of boiler in which to boil the juice, and the steam generated
therein I use for heating a condenser in which the condensing of the syrup

page_text: is completed. The boiler is composed of sections, which are connected
together by transverse pipes in any approved way. These sections
consist of narrow closed vessels, by preference of an oval form in sido
view, but with parallel sides, and formed of cast iron. Fitted to or cast
with each vessel are pendant pipes, say four in number, connected
together at their lower ends by a tubular passage, at the bottom of
which is a closed orifice for discharging any deposit that may be formed
in the section. Two of these pendent tubes I cause to project into the
vessel from which they depend, so as to elevate their upper ends above
the other tubes, but below the level at which the saccharine juice is to
be maintained. This arrangement will ensure a circulation of the juice
through the section. The upper part or head of the vessel is fitted at
its centre with a steam chamber, and in line with the pendent tubes are
man-holes or openings for facilitating the cleaning of the pendent tubes.
The tubes of one section I propose shall range with the spaces of the
next adjoining section, in order the better to ensure the play of the
furnace flame over the tubes. The steam chambers of the several
sections I propose to connect together by a transverse or longitudinal
steam pipe, and the adjacent sections I further connect with each other
by micans of syphon pipes which are intended to supply the liquor to
the several sections from the first, which is connected with the supply
cistern or pump. If desired the sections may be further connected by
means of a pipe or pipes at their ends. The boilers thus composed will
be mounted in a furnace, the floor of which will be above the discharge
openings at the bottom of the sections, and the crown of which will be
on a level, say, with the middle of the evaporating vessel. The boiler
thus constructed and mounted will when in operation form an effective
evaporator, and the steam generated therein may be used as a motive
power, or in sugar works for heating a condenser, into which the syrup
after being boiled in the evaporator is pumped for the purpose of com-
pleting its condensation. The syrup in entering this condenser will
pass through tubes connected at their upper ends with a steam chamber
or an exhaust, and around these tubes the steam from the boiler will
circulate and impart its heat to the syrup, and effect the condensation
of the same. Thus the waste heat from the boiler will be utilized, and
a considerable economy in the condensation of saccharine juices will
be effected.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Robert Tooth in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 20th June 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
TOOTH, of Hatcham, in the County of Kent, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Robert Tooth, Her special licence
that I, the said Robert Tooth, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Robert Tooth, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ircland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF CON-
DENSING SACCHARINE JUICES, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN, WHICH
APPARATUS IS APPLICABLE TO EVAPORATING OTHER LIQUIDS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Robert Tooth, my executors or admi-
nistrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Tooth, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and' ascertained in and by
the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to
say):
The chief object of this Invention is to effect an economy in the
process of condensing saccharine juices. To this end I provide a novel
construction of boiler or evaporator in which to boil the juice, and the
steam generated therein I use for heating a condenser also of a novel

page_text: construction, in which the condensing of the syrup is completed. The
boiler is composed of vertical sections which are set up transversely in a
brick furnace, and are connected together by pipes to allow of the liquor
circulating through the several sections and to equalize the pressure
therein and enable the steam as it is generated to be collected into one
common steam pipe.
In the accompanying Drawings Sheet I. shows the improved boiler
for concentrating the saccharine juice, and for collecting and giving off
the steam derived therefrom to be employed in the manner to be herein-
after described.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of the improved boiler set
in a brick furnace; Fig. 2 is a transverse vertical section of the same
taken in the line 1, 2, of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a plan view partly in
section, the section being taken in the line 3, 4, of Fig. 1.
The boiler is composed of any given number of sections (say nine)
placed side by side and connected together by pipes which will permit
of the liquor when supplied to one section being evenly distributed.
throughout all the sections. Each section may be described as a narrow
closed oblong vessel of cast iron A, A, furnished at bottom with pendent
tubular prolongations, say, four in number B, B, B. These prolongations
or pipes are brought into communication with each other at their lower
ends by a hollow flanged casting C, which provides for the free circu-
lation of the liquor up and down the pendent pipes. This bottom C of
the section terminates in a discharge aperture c which is closed by a cap
which may be removed when required to effect the discharge of any
sediment that may accumulate at the bottom of the section. The
flanges of the bottom C shewn at a serve when the sections are brought
together to form the floor of the furnace, and similarly flanges b forming
the foot of the vessel A will constitute the crown of the furnace and
offer a sufficient support for the sections on the surrounding brickwork
constituting the sides and end walls of the furnace. I have described
the sections as having four pendent pipes, two of these pipes B, B, I
cause to project into the vessel A in order to elevate their upper ends
above the other pipes B¹, B¹, but not so high as to reach the level at
which the saccharine liquor intended to be maintained; D, D, are tubes
by which the ends of adjacent vessels A, A, are connected together at
or about the level at which the liquor is to be maintained; and E are
tubes leading from the top of the vessels A to a longitudinal steam

page_text: pipe F which is common to all the sections. Each section is provided
at top with man-holes which are in line with the tubular prolongations
B, B', respectively, and they are closed by steam-tight covers d. The
bottom C of each section is cast with flanged necks to receive bent
pipes G by which the adjacent sections are connected with one another
at their lower ends. The object of making the pipes B extend upwards
above the bottom of the vessel A is to induce an upward current of the
liquor through these pipes, and the further to ensure this course of the
liquor I insert central filling pieces in these lengthened pipes, which
filling pieces will reduce their capacity and ensure the more rapid
heating of the liquor in these pipes than in the pipes B', notwithstanding
the heating surface exposed to the flame and heated gases of the
furnace is the same in all the pipes of the section. The pipe B¹
will thus serve to conduct down the return currents, which passing
thence to the tubes B will ascend as before and deliver the steam
generated in their upward course into the vessel A. The saccharine
juice is supplied to the boiler through the tube D' and it is discharged
after boiling through the pipe D². The scum raised in the boiling process
passes off with the liquor, and the liquor is received on to a charcoal
filter, from which it is taken in a clear state and delivered into my
improved condenser. The steam as it is gencrated in the boiler collects
in the steam pipe F, and may be utilized in any desired manner in the
sugar factory. One purpose to which I propose to apply the steam thus
generated is to render it the medium for conveying heat to my improved
condenser, and by its use for this purpose I am enabled to effect a
considerable economy in the process of condensing saccharine juices.
In Sheet II. of the Drawings I have illustrated my improvements in
the construction of condensers for saccharine juices.
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of the condenser; Fig. 2 is a partial
external view of the same; and Fig. 3 is a transverse section taken in
the line 1, 2, of Fig 1.
The condenser consists of a cylindrical case of iron divided transversely
into three chambers A, B, and C, by means of tube plates D, D¹. These
tube plates are fitted with tubes, which connect together the upper and
lower chambers A, C, and through them I maintain a circulation of the
liquor desired to be condensed in a manner similar to that described with
respect to the boiler. E is a tube set in the centre of the chamber B and
made of large diameter as compared with the surrounding tubes F; the

page_text: upper end of the tube E is flush or nearly so with the upper face of the tube
plate D, but the surrounding tubes F extend or have a continuation upwards
beyond the tube plate and reach to within a short distance of the line at
which the liquor is intended to be maintained in the chamber A. I have
said that these tubes E and F bring the chambers A and C into communi-
cation with each other, and that the liquor to be condensed is intended to
circulate through the tubes. The liquor as it leaves the filter is con-
ducted under pressure to the chamber C through the pipe c, and in
passing upwards to the chamber A it is heated by means of steam
conducted from the concentrating boiler above described and led into
the chamber B through the pipe b. The liquor in passing upwards will
take up the heat from the steam which circulates around the vertical
tubes, and the condensed water falling to the bottom of the chamber
will be discharged by the pipe b¹.
It will now be understood that as the liquor in the tubes F will pass
in small streams through the steam circulating in the chamber B it will
be enabled to take up the heat more readily than a column of liquor
passing through the large central tube E. Thus a tendency will be
created for all the liquor to flow upwards through the tubes F and
discharge itself into the chamber A, and this tendency will be further
increased by the superior height of these tubes as compared with the
central tube. The liquor therefore as it rises to the chamber A will
give off the steam generated in the tubes F during its ascent, and it
will then return down the central tube E to the chamber C to be again
raised in temperature and forced upwards into the chamber A, where it
will again yield up the steam which it contains, and so on until the
proper degree of condensation has been reached.
It will be readily
understood that the capacity of the tube or tubes which bring down the
return current must be proportioned to those which lead up the
ascending currents, and that the object of dividing up the ascending
liquor is simply to ensure to it a superior temperature without which
the circulation required would not be attained. The chamber A is
fitted with a steam pipe G for carrying off the steam to a receiver H,
the upper end of which is fitted with a steam pipo I. This pipe I
connects with the chamber B (see Fig. 2) and is intended to convey
the steam generated in the tubes F into the chamber B, where it will
assist in the condensation of the saccharine liquor. The liquor when
sufficiently condensed will pass from the condenser by the opening L in
the chamber C to any suitable receptacle. The receiver H is further

page_text: connected with the chamber A by means of a pipe K which will return
any liquor that may (through priming) go over with the steam and
collect in the receiver H back to the chamber A.
I would remark that the improved boiler above described may be
profitably employed solely for the generation of steam for motive power
purposes; I do not therefore limit its application as an evaporator in the
sugar manufacture or kindred manufactures.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of "Improvements
in the Mode of Condensing Saccharine Juices and in Apparatus to be
employed therein," which Apparatus is applicable to Evaporating other
Liquids," and explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, I
wish it to be understood that under the above in part recited Letters
Patent I claim,―
First. The construction of boiler or evaporator as described with
reference to Sheet I. of the Drawings.
Secondly. The improved construction of condenser as described with
reference to Sheet II. of the Drawings.
Thirdly. Utilizing the steam driven off from the boiling liquor by
applying it to heat the concentrated liquor in the condenser, as above
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Tooth, have hereunto set my
hand and scal, the Twentieth day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.