Improvements in Drainage and Drainage Works Applicable to Towns or to Country Districts and Improvements in Dealing with Sewage and Waste Waters.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 19th June, 1886.
Complete Left, 19th Apr., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 18th June, 1887.
Improvements in Drainage and Drainage Works Applicable to
Towns or to Country Districts and Improvements in Dealing
with Sewage and Waste Waters.
I HARRY ROBERT NEWTON, of Thameside, Weybridge in the County of Surrey,
Architect and Surveyor and Sanatory Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my
said invention to be as follows
And consists in altering the construction of and varying the use of materials for
down pipes, drains and sewers, and holding up the contents of drains and sewers and
discharging them at discretion or at stated times, or automatically and according to
the particular necessities of each case or locality or of each seperate drain or sewer &
for detaching and seperating the constituent and component parts of such sewage
refuse, waste or surface waters & for regulating their use and for regulating their
discharge therefrom at any particular part of the down pipe, drain or sewer, from the
head of the drainage to the ultimate outfall which is effected by placing wherever
required seperate and varying sized drain pipes, on or in the bottom, and on or in the
sides of sewers, in any number the nature of the particular drainage requires and
either embedding them in concrete or forming another bottom, or sides to the sewer
or drain; or else constructing them as detached and seperate pipes or drains, and
where they meet at cross junctions or any point of the drains or sewers they can be
constructed to proceed continuously or be carried by overflow, or discharged at
discretion, or by regulation into receivers made also to overflow; & which combina-
tions & arrangements are equally applicable to sewage, refuse, waste, or surface
waters, or deposits, or materials and solids; the object being to hold such pipes
drains & sewers in control; and in position from an absolute level to any possible
fall, according to the nature of circumstances, or as each particular case made
necessary: The connecting drains from buildings and localities, are constructed in a
similar way, or as seperate drains, and are connected with the outfall sewer, or
cesspool, in precisely a similar way as to the receivers, that is by overflowing, & ready
discharge; for which purpose; automatic or hand apparatus is placed at any part of
such drains or sewers.

page_text: Improvements in Drainage and Drainage Works Applicable to
Towns or to Country Districts and Improvements in Dealing
with Sewage and Waste Waters.
I, HARRY ROBERT NEWTON of Thameside Weybridge, in the County of Surrey,
Architect, Surveyor and Sanitary Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
And consists in altering the construction of & varying the use of materials for
down pipes drains, and Sewers, and holding up the contents of drains, and Sewers,
and discharging them at discretion, or at stated times or automatically, and according
to the particular necessities of each case, or locality, or of each particular drain or
sewer, and for detaching, and seperating, the constituent & component parts of such
sewage, refuse, or waste, or surface waters & for regulating their use, and for regu-
lating their discharge therefrom, at any particular part of the down pipe, drain, or sewer,
from the head of the drainage to the ultimate outfall, and which is effected by placing
wherever required, seperate and varying sized drain pipes on or in the bottom, and on
or in the sides of sewers, in any number that the nature of the particular drainage requires
and either embedding them in concrete, or forming another bottom or sides, to the Sewer,
or drain, or else constructing them as detached and seperate pipes or drains, and where
they meet at cross-junctions, or any point of the drains, or sewers, they are constructed
to proceed continuously or be carried by overflow, or discharged at discretion or by
regulation into receivers made also to overflow, and which combinations & arrange-
ments are equally applicable to sewage, refuse, waste, or surface waters or deposits,
or materials or solids, the object being to hold such pipes, drains and sewers in control,
and in position, from an absolute level to any possible fall according to the nature of
circumstances, or as each particular case made necessary.
The connecting drains from buildings, & localities, are constructed in a similar way
or as seperate drains, & are connected with the outfall Sewers, or Cesspools, in precisely
a similar way as to the receivers, that is by overflowing and ready discharge for
which purpose, automatic, or hand apparatus is placed at any part of such drains and
sewers; all of which foregoing materials, methods, articles and constructions are
applicable to irrigation and to other useful purposes.
And in order that my said Invention may be better understood, and carried into
effect, I herewith describe the same more in detail, and refer to the drawings, Figs.
to 12 inclusive on four Sheets annexed, premiising that in all respects can the said
Invention and all its details be applied to and without alteration to any existing

page_text: System of Water Carriage Sewering, or otherwise & that the principle, is shewn by
Figs. 4. 5. & 6 Sheet 1 to hold up water to overflow in full volume, so that the
contents of drains and sewers, can be discharged throughout, at any moment so desired,
thereby keeping the drains always full, and therefore the Sewage, without the
decomposing influence of contact with air in any form from outside or inside and
being also in that state or condition ready for any class of Deodorization, or permanent
Correction.
To explain these points seriatim, Figs. 1. 2. and 3 Sheet 1 shew the Elevation, Plan,
and Section of a Water-closet under the general Supply Tank on the Floor above and
arranged to have as little necessity for fittings as possible, depending for such action
on Supply and Overflow Pipes alone (or the usual apparatus) of whatever size usual or
larger or smaller as necessary & encased in perforated, or other pipes, so that the
overflow, waste, and supply pipes in every case, all through the system have merely to
be raised to allow all waters, sewage or liquids to run away, and on falling again, to
reseat themselves on leather or india rubber washers so as to stop off all flow, or else
this is effected, by the use of conical shaped plugs and washers (or by any usual and
ordinary apparatus) as shewn on Figs. 5 7 and 11 Sheets 1. 2. & 4 & used upwards
or downwards as may be.
Therefore on the left hand of Fig. 1 is shewn a pipe marked SW (Supply Waste)
meaning Supply from the Cistern overhead, and to the WC cistern underneath it and
Waste to the Cistern overhead, the Water therefrom enters the WC small supply
cistern by means of an independent pipe (of whatever diameter required) with a funnel
shaped end so as to enable it to be cut off from the Cistern above, and only on the H
(Handle) Figs. 1 and 3 being pulled down is the DOW Figs. 2 & 3 (Discharge,.
Overflow, Waste, raised momentarily, and regulated so that the Supply water should
be filled quicker than it runs into the WC pan, through a pipo arranged on the same
principle marked WCS (Water Closet Supply) on falling the DOW and other pipes
Figs. 2 and 3 reseat themselves on the circular washers of leather or India Rubber
and are guided and protected by conical india rubber or other collars, The DOW in
each case is made of metal earthenware or any other material:-The Tanks Cisterns
and Pans can be of any metal or of earthenware or Slate or any material & of
any shape, but elongated more than is usual so that the DOW (Discharge Overflow
Waste) must be regulated in its action and movement for the position it has to occupy.
at and through the wooden framing of the WC seat.
On the right hand of Fig. 1 is shewn another pipe attached to the Cistern above in
the same way and is marked DS (Dripping Supply, with any ordinary tap to it, which
tap is for the purpose of regulating a dripping supply of Fresh Water into the CC
(Chemical Cistern) adjusted to what exact amount is required, for the day, week or
month, so that it should overflow down the pipe C.S.P (Chemical Supply Pipe) into
the WC pan, and as this would again overflow down the DOW (Discharge Overflow
Waste) Figs. 2 and 3 the same operation would continue on through all the drains and
sewers, as often as desirable, therefore through all drains sewers and Cesspools there
would be to the amount, that fresh water dripped in the CC (Chemical Cistern) from
the Tank overhead, an everlasting Circulation of Chemical water in all pans,
pipes, drains, cesspools, & sewers, through the entire area in which such a System
existed, congregating from the different sources of the Tank drip supplies.
The Chemicals for correcting, or deodorizing refuse, waste, or surplus waters, are
prepared only in the strongest concentrated liquid state, and are emptied to the extent
of a pint (or any other amount) a week, or as occasion requires, into the Funnel pipe
of the Chemical Cistern, Figs. 1 and 2 on the right hand side; the continuous
dripping, effecting the after dilution in the Cistern, which Cistern overflows near the
top into the WC pan by pipe CSP (Chemical Supply Pipe) and if necessary the usual
air or regulation or other valves, could always be attached to H (Handle) Fig. 1 and 3
so as to adjust the exact amount of water to come into the Pan and overflow, on each
occasion of use.
All refuse, waste, and surface discharges that fall into down pipes drains or sewers,

page_text: would therefore all come in contact or mix with water under chemical treatment and
this Chemical Supply is capable of increase seperately or collectively as required, and
can be applied anywhere or for anything, & to & for any purpose, or be varied in its
action for whatever seperate or collective reasons made necessary, for instance,
according to the continuous or momentary requirement, or if general, or any special
illness existed in a house, street, or locality, would the chemical solution be supplied to
meet, for if it so singularly happened no two houses in a Street need of necessity be
supplied with the same chemical corrector or deodorizer.
Figs. 4. 5. and 6 Sheet 1. show the method for keeping up water to overflow in drains
and sewers; Fig. 4 shewing by S) an ordinary egg-shaped sewer), with 6 inch HD
(House drains) running into it on either side; D (Discharge) into sewer, being kept
firmly closed with a small cross metal bar with Central Screw (until removed when
desired to be opened) thereby enabling the liquid of the sewage to overflow at O into
the Sewer at each discharge into the House Drain from the House or elsewhere;-
Fig. 5 shews also the same class of overflow in a different form attached to an old
sewer exit, and with a sub sewer pipe of any size, and of metal, earthenware, concrete
or otherwise placed on the bottom of invert of Sewer and bedded and rounded off in
Concrete, so as to make side overflow channels, for the discharge from HD (House
Drain). The discharge into S.S (Sub Sewer) is by DC (Discharge Cone) raised by H
(Handle) Fig. 6 is similar in character, to Fig. 5, with the addition that the DV
(Discharge Valve) lifted in a similar way by H (Handle) overflows, not into the old
Sewer but into SS, (Sub Sewer) and when this sub-sewer is formed of metal
junction pipes the sewage liquid would rise therein and filter upward through the
bottom of Sewer, seperating further the liquid from the solid by passing through C
(Charcoal) embedded between iron strainers or gratings top and bottom: as per dotted
lines Fig. 6.
**
For effecting the discharge from any Tank, cistern, pan, basin, bath, sink, drain,
sewer, or other reservoir or receptacle, and so as to raise the overflow discharge
pipes, valves, cones, or other apparatus H a pulley Handle is used, the chains, links,
wires, or cords from which, run over pulley blocks fixed into the Ceiling or fastened to
the side wall, or screwed to or into horizontal wooden bars or covers.
Figs. 7 and 8 sheet 2 shew in principle precisely the same methods, and class of
arrangements as the previous figures, with the addition that by what is further shewn,
refuse water, that has been corrected and deodorized from the first moment that refuse
becomes refuse comès immediately afterwards into contact with filtration, the refuse
.liquid having been held up in the House drains, precipitation would have immediately
acted on all particles chemically reduced from being in a buoyant state, which other-
wise would have risen to the top of drain and at any overflow, would overflow unless
intercepted by a catch dome, in contradistinction to a catch-pit formed by junctions
and short lengths of stand-pipes of iron or earthenware or by brickwork in the usual
way with a stone cover; and which can be placed at any part of the drain, so as to
prevent anything being driven on to the overflow; all of which substances remaining
buoyant will be wholly carried away at the next discharge of the drain.
As the liquid overflow would then pass into the FC filtering Chamber (except on
Storm occasions for which an SO (Storm Outlet) is provided so as on all such
occasions to overflow into the Sewer as well as when all parts of the filtering surface
choked up) it would filter through the side wall rising as it gradually choked up the
Filtering Wall or Walls, and such a Filtering Chamber, could be increased in area
greatly by increasing the sizes of the recesses, and be made independently so as to
filter through all four sides or right round an entire circle of perforated metal plates.
with Charcoal between them, as well as through the top of such a Chamber-When
the filtering walls did choke up they would be taken down, rewashed, renewed, &
refreshened, & then put up again.
On raising by H (Handles) the Discharge Cones or Valves the whole of the solid
and unfiltered refuse would then pass away into the Sub Sewers, and whatever liquid
remained would then be subjected to another filtering process, but the strainer for

page_text: upward filtration is in this case of smooth porous earthenware, or caked coarse char-
coal or other substance of chemical or other charater.
The discharge cones in all cases are two solid metal cones, screwed together, with
discs of leather or india rubber screwed in between them.
By the foregoing methods and arrangements all Old, New or Any Sewers would be
made perfectly healthy for workmen to go into, and the metal edges of the plates of iron
of any filtering beds would form trams for small cars to help workmen conveying their
tools and materials.
Figs. 9. and 10 Sheet 3 shew arrangements by which at any part of the Sewers, or at
any Cross junction of Sewers, the solid Sewage can be intercepted from continuing to
run down the FSS (Filtering sub-sewers), for which purpose a chamber is formed of
any size necessary, below the Street level and sunk to any depth required and at the
Centre of each side or Chamber SOR (straining overflowing Receivers) are attached
to the FSS (Filtering sub-Sewers) such SOR can be of any size or shape and the Sewage
flowing from FSS³ into SOR flows through Strainers therein and into an iron
cross junction, or earthenware, concrete or other pipe, rising up through SOR*
through Strainer therein and into FSS and so passing into the next division to renew,
(minus the solid it has left behind) the same process at the end of the next division,
the strainers, with the solid refuse in them are then one at a time, lifted and drained
and removed through a manhole in the street or pavement and there emptied or carted.
away in a perfectly inoffensive condition.
In the centre of the floor of this chamber a square settling pit is formed to collect
any little sediment falling accidentally into the cross junction pipes; covered with a
heavy metal cover seated on a leather or India rubber slab or hed. On removal of each
stainer seperately, the mouth of the FSS into receivers is closed momentarily by a
thumbscrew cap, or fastening and where necessary rising overflow pipes are attached
to temporarily stop any passage of liquid from the Filtering Sewers an arrangement.
which is intended to remain permanently wherever special circumstances render it
desirable, for raising the altitude force, or weight of water, by the attachment of
an overflow pipe with a discharge valve-When straining receivers are attached
to House drains the receiver ordinarily would not be lifted out but the contents
would be discharged by a cone plunger or plug acting on the underside of the
receiver, and capable of falling & being pulled up again.
As except for workmen there is no necessity for the open passage continuity of
Sewers, one with the other at all cross junctions the open ends of the Sewers would
be blocked up or fitted with close fitting metal flaps; so as to make each street a
division and self contained, making suitable entrances thereto from any corner of a
cross street when sewer gratings would no longer be sources of danger and discomfort;
The filling up wholly or in part of the ends of each Sewer at a cross junction would
also enable any district to have complete control over its storm waters
The Rain Water, and Surface Waters from streets, roads gardens or elsewhere, not
coming down any House drain, would be dealt with exactly as at a House Drain, or as
at a cross junction, or as at both as the case might be, that is the ordinary Gully trap,
whether removed or not would not be required and the rain water would pass there-
from into drains or receivers, as before described, (if not into the House Drains
themselves) and be filtered as before described into the Sewers, and when any water
came to any cross-junctions, it would pass round the outside of the square (oblong,
octagon, or circular) chamber formed at any cross junctions, by pipes of not less
a size than 1 inches, the mouths of which pipes would be still further reduced
where necessary by screw caps and discs perforated to any size, whereby unless
required to do so, this corrected or filtered water, would not run away to the outfall
(or any other possible or ancient outlet) except by overflow, or else be collected
in tanks at the sides of the Chamber, or above the sides so as to be able also to
discharge their whole purified & medicated contents into the Sub Sewers, or collected
in fanks under the Central Chambers at Cross Junctions. lowering such constructions
for the special and beneficial purpose of collecting medicated water for watering

page_text: the streets with that otherwise would run to waste; furthermore that by blocking
up or partially blocking up the ends of Sewers at cross junctions and only letting
(except by overflow in full volume) rain water pass by each Cross Junction,
through gratings & 4" inch pipes, G4P the effect would be, that storm waters
everywhere would be held up for the time being and only able at all times to pass
away gradually and would never flood any outfall, or ancient outlet, wherever that
outfall or outlet was far or near.
Figs. 11 and 12 Sheet 4 further explain the foregoing, viz improving waste water
that makes it more desirable to store it than even rain or the purest water, and to
make it more desirable to let it pass anywhere into the open into ponds or otherwise
and be there subject to the evaporation of air, than to waste it by letting it run to
waste & perform no functions:-these Figs. 11 and 12 represent also the same thing
in another form, as applied to a cesspool for an isolated House, as the House drain
the receivers, the strainers the filters, the discharges, the overflows and every other
detail are all on the same principle and method so as to do away with all mechanism
possible, and bring the whole power, force, and capacity of water to everything by
its own action and movement subject to the one control held over it viz obliging it to
rise in drains & sewers wherever & whenever required, and then check it no further
by letting it overflow in full volume or be discharged at any moment altogether;
in other words being at beck and call at any moment, instead of its running away
just as it will; without care for the injury that the continuous and unnecessary
fouling of any water whatever is calculated to increase and effect:-but with
reference to cesspools, while they can be of any shape or size, and any old ones
adapted, the drawing Fig. 12 shews an elongated one, so as to divide it in three
compartiments, the first division being for the SOR (Straining Overflow Receivers)
and the 2nd and 3rd divisions for filtration and other corrective purposes to form
the charcoal walls dividing the cesspool into three divisions a series of 2 inch
grooves are formed in Cement in the sides of the cesspool, or the grooves are formed
in metal or in other ways so as to place therein metal or other perforated plates or
wirings any distance apart to be filled in with Charcoal for the purpose of filtration
and the bottom of the cesspool is arranged so that by DC (Discharge Cones) to
draw off any division of the cesspool and DC3 shews, that if it is left open the
filtered water would pass away to any pond or receiver, or if remaining closed
the filtered water would overflow at any point higher up desired, and run away to the
same locality, or to any level desired nearer the surface of the ground so as to
pass into a garden pond or fountain basin, for as all water that falls on the
ground or is collected for use would then have been made wholesome, it would
check the necessity of unnecessarily finding outlets for water to run away in ditches,
or anywhere except by overflow, being in fact retained intentionally everywhere to
be evaporated off so as to provide space for each succeeding days artificial & collected
supply if upward filtration was required in Cesspools the position of dotted
horizontal lines in Central Compartment of Fig. 12 indicate where the perforated
plates would be placed; filling up the vertical perforated divisions with impervious
materials and substances.
Furthermore all discharge overflow wastes or valves can be of any size or material
and of any shape and when formed conically, or funnel shaped or otherwise would
also be able equally to have closing & hinging flaps fixed at the lower orifices, so as
to open only by the liquid weight of an overflow discharge or artificial flushing Fig. 7
Sheet 2.
Though these arrangements combinations and contrivances are apparently more set
forth as being carried out in towns in public sewers & outside private jurisdiction
(except in so far as shewn by Figs. 11 & 12 Sheet 4) so as to get the whole sanitary
imatter under the entire control of all proper public authorities, the whole of the fore-
going system or systems are all equally capable of being carried in so far as relates to
House Drains; within the precincts of eacli dwelling without any annoyance or danger
to health whatever.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and how the same is to be carried out and into operation and how to utilize all
existing appliances, methods and usual contrivances of the water carriage sewage
systems, I would have understood that what I claim and desire to secure under the
herein before recited Letters Patent is, the several modes methods and contrivances,
whether capable of being carried out by and under the control of Public Authorities
or of private individuals that are all substantially herein before described and shewn
on the & by the drawings hereunto annexed and numbered 1 to 12 on four sheets and
that what I further claim is :-
1. So arranging the outlets from drains or sewers that the liquid, instead of flowing
directly out therefrom, has to overflow at a higher level, so that the drain or sewer is
kept full and a body of the liquid remains comparatively quiescent while undergoing
chemical action or filtration.
2. Providing in a cesspool or sewer partitions of filtering material through which
the liquid from drains must pass on its way to the discharge conduit.
3. At the bottoms of the overflow compartments in which the sewage is quiescent
providing valves that can from time to time be opened to allow escape of sediment.
4. Providing in a sewer a sub-sewer to convey the sewage, leaving the main sewer
available as a passage or channel for surface drainage.
5. Providing for a closet, sink or the like, a tank containing disinfecting chemicals
supplied by a continuous drip of water so that there is a continuous drip overflow at a
higher level to act on the matter to be disinfected.
115 10th
fil 1007
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.