Improvements in Ventilating Appliances.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Mar., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 13th D c., 1894-Accepted, 19th Jan., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Ventilating Appliances.
I JAMES CATT of Sea View Netherfield Battle Surveyor do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to an improved means for ventilating, especially applicable
for drains and sewers, but also suitable for houses, railway and other carriages and
the like.
In the arrangement especially intended for drains, at the dead end or close to the
building connected to the drain, I fit a cowl on top of an inlet air pipe. This cowl
is made so as to turn freely with the wind keeping its face to the wind by means of
a wing piece or arrow, so that air will be forced down the pipe. The front of the
cowl may be covered with a piece of wire netting to prevent any obstructive
substance passing into the pipe.
To allow the cowl to turn freely and at the same time to be properly supported,
I fit on the top of the ventilating pipe, a tubular extension having a cross piece at
its lower end with a cup bearing receiving the point of a spindle fixed to the cowl.
A second cross piece is fixed some distance above, with a perforation through which
the spindle passes forming a support for the latter. The extension is provided with
a second tube, concentric with it, at its upper end, closed at the bottom so as to
form an aunular recess of considerable depth.
In this is placed the lower end of the cowl, and the bottom of the recess is filled
in with black-lead or other substance which is not likely to congeal and which will
cause very little friction, the end of the cowl being thus covered, and the joint
completely closed.
The cowl is also formed with two downwardly extending annular flanges, one at
the inner side projecting inside the end of the extension above described, and the
outer surrounding it.
To the latter is fitted by screwing or otherwise, a ring with an internal flange at
its lower end.
This flange prevents the cowl being raised clear of the extension, as it will
abut against the bottom of the annular chamber in which the end of the
cowl rests.
To fit the cowl on to the tubular extension, it is placed in the annular recess, the
spindle entering its cup bearing, and the screwed ring is then fitted on.
This ring
allows the cowl to be removed whenever required for further supply of black-lead.
The joint formed by means of this black lead effectually prevents any escape of air
at that point, so that the full force of the wind is utilized.
-
The outlet at the other end of the drain is formed by a series of half cones,
arranged concentrically and within each other, fitted together by suitable binding.
rods. Within these, and connected to their inner edges is placed a thin blade screw
of considerable pitch.
This outlet cowl is placed on a pipe and attached immediately before or on an
interceptor to the main drain, sewer or other outlet. Wind blowing in any
direction will not prevent the free passage of air through this cowl, the wind
always tending to increase the current as it passes between the cones in'an'
upward direction. A strong current of fresh air is thus being constantly forced
through the drain in the same direction as the flow, carrying before it all
impurities.

page_text: The second cowl can be fitted horizontally and is especially applicable for
railway smoking carriages, two being employed, pointing in opposite directions and
communicating with a connecting chamber formed around the lamp.
Dated this 12th day of March 1894.
GEO. H. RAYNER,
37, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.
аррнацосо
I JAMES CATT of Sea View, Netherfield, Battle, Surveyor, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to an improved means for ventilating, especially applicable
for drains and sewers but also suitable for houses, railway and other carriages and
the like.
In the arrangement especially intended for drains, at the dead end or close to the
building connected to the drains, I fit a cowl on top of an inlet air pipe. This cowl
is made so as to turn freely with the wind, keeping its face to the wind by means of
a wing piece or arrow, so that air will be forced down the pipe. The front of the
cowl may be covered with a piece of wire netting to prevent any obstructive
substance passing into the pipe.
To allow the cowl to turn freely and at the same time to be properly supported,
I fit on the top of the ventilating pipe, a tubular extension having a cross piece at
its lower end with a cup bearing receiving the point of the spindle fixed to the
cowl. A second cross piece is fixed some distance above with a perforation through
which the spindle passes forming a support for the latter. The extension is
provided with a second tube, concentric with it, at its upper end, closed at the
bottom so as to form an annular recess of considerable depth. In this is placed
the lower end of the cowl, and the bottom of the recess is filled in with black
lead or other substance which is not likely to congeal and which will cause very
little friction, the end of the cowl being thus covered, and the joint completely
closed.
The cowl is also formed with two downwardly extending annular flanges, one at
the inner side projecting inside the end of the extension above described, and the
other surrounding it.
To the latter is fitted by screwing or otherwise, a ring with an internal flange at
its lower end.
This flange prevents the cowl being raised clear of the extension, as it will
abut against the bottom of the annular chamber in which the end of the cow!
rests.
To fit the cowl on the tubular extension, it is placed in the annular recess, tho
spindle entering its cup bearing, and the screwed ring is then fitted on. This ring
allows the cowl to be removed whenever required for further supply of black lead.
The joint formed by means of this black lead effectually prevents any escape of air
at that joint, so that the full force of the wind is utilized.
The outlet at the other end of the drain is formed by a series of half cones
arranged concentrically and within each other, fitied together by suitable binding
1ods. Within these, and connected to their inner edges is placed a thin blade screw,
of considerable pitch.
This outlet cowl is placed on a pipe and attached immediately before or on an
interceptor to the main drain, sewer or other outlet. Wind blowing in any
direction will not prevent the free passage of air through this cowl, the wind

page_text: always tending to increase the current as it passes between the cones in an
upward direction. A strong current of fresh air is thus being constantly forced
through the drain, in the same direction as the flow, carrying before it all
impurities.
The second cowl can be fitted horizontally and is especially applicable for
railway smoking carriages, two being employed, pointing in opposite directions and
communicating with a connecting chamber formed around the lamp.
In order that the invention may be more clearly understood, reference is had to
the accompanying two sheets of drawings in which
Fig. 1 is a vertical section of one form of ventilator, Fig. 2 is a cross section of
part of same,
Figs. 3 & 4 are respectively a side elevation and a vertical section of the second
form of ventilator which may be used in conjunction with the first.
Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, A is the ventilating pipe on top of which a cowl is
fitted.
An extension a is riveted or otherwise fixed on the end of the pipe A, and this
extension serves to carry the apparatus.
On the lower end of the extension a cross frame B is fixed, having a central cup-
shaped recess b forming the bearing for the central spindle of the cowl. The cowl
is constructed with an elbow piece C at top, opening to one side, fixed on the
tubular stem D provided with the cross piece d on which the central spindle d' is
fixed, the pin of the said spindle resting as above mentioned, in the cup b. The
spindle also passes through the central perforation of a guide piece a¹ fixed inside
the extension a, thus helping to support the spindle and cowl.
On the outside of the extension a a second tube E is fixed forming an annular
chamber closed at the lower end. Into this chamber the tube extends, reaching
almost to the bottom, which as above mentioned is filled with black lead, to form a
sealed joint.
The downwardly extending flange F is formed on the inside tube D some
distance above its lower end, this flange forming an annular recess into which the
upper end of the extension a projects. A second flange or tube G is also fitted at
the outside of D, the upper end of which is at the same height as the flange F, but
the tube extends for some distance lower down, projecting to the outside of E.
To secure the cowl in place and prevent its being raised, a ring a is provided,
fitted to G by a screwed band g¹ or by other suitable means, which permit it to be
rapidly detached when required. This ring is formed with the horizontal flange g³
at its lower end, which when the cowl is raised will abut against the lower
end of E.
On detaching this ring by unscrewing or otherwise, the cowl can be raised clear
of the extension a and removed.
In order that the cowl may face the wind, an arrow or wing piece H is fitted to
the top, which turns the cowl in the proper direction, the bearings permitting of its
free motion.
Referring to Figs. 3 and 4, the cowl is formed with a tubular portion J at the
lower end having a double conical top K. On this is fitted a set of cones L with a
large opening through the middle, so that any air getting in at the sides will pass
upwards between the cones, and out through the central opening, this action taking
place in whatever direction the wind is blowing. The cones are fitied to one
another by ribs or other fittings commonly employed. Inside the central passage
is placed a thin blade screw M with the central spindle m. This blade screw is
fixed at the edges of the cones and serves to cause a more effectual draught through
the cowl and pipes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
(1) In an improved ventilating cowl having a central spindle supported in a cup

page_text: bearing at the end of a vertical pipe, the use of an annular chamber round the end
of the vertical pipe, into which the lower end of the cowl projects, the joint being
closed by black lead substantially as and for the purposes specified.
(2) In an improved ventilating cowl having a central spindle supported in a cup-
shaped bearing at the end of the ventilating pipe, the combination with an annular
chamber at the top of said pipe forming a joint with the lower end of the cowl, of a
downwardly extending flange at the outside of the cowl surrounding the said
chamber, and a ring with horizontal flange at its lower end fitted to the flange on
the cowl, substantially as and for the purposes specified.
(3) The improved revolving ventilating cowl, constructed and operating substan-
tially as described and shown in Figs. 1 & 2 of the drawings and for the purposes
specified.
(4) An improved ventilating cowl formed from a series of truncated cones fitted
on the end of the ventilating pipe, with a central passage through which the air is
directed, and a blade screw in the said passage substantially as described and for
the purposes specified.
(5) An improved ventilating cowl formed from a series of cones with blade screw
constructed and operating substantially as described and shown in Figs. 3 & 4 of
the annexed drawings, and for the purposes specified.
(6) In an improved means for ventilating drains, the combination of the cowl
described and illustrated in Figs. 1 & 2 fitted at the dead end of the drain, and the
cowl described and shown in Figs. 3 and 4 of the drawings fitted at the outlet
end substantially as and for the purposes specified.
Dated this 13th day of December 1894.
GEO. H. RAYNER,
37, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.