Year: 1899

page_text: I, HENRY HALLADAY, of 60, Burbury Street, Birmingham, Warwickshire, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
My invention relates to the manufacture of pitch chains which consist partly
of links or side plates bearing one or more integral hollow bushes, such as described
in my prior Specification No. 19150 A.D. 1897 And my invention consists in
the hereinafter described process of manufacturing such side plates, whereby
the said side plates are produced, finished to size and hardened, from sheet steel
or other suitable material by a series of pressing or like operations without
annealing.
In carrying out my invention I preferably employ soft sheet steel of high
carbon and I use the said sheet steel in the form of long strips the width of
which somewhat exceeds the length, and the thickness of which somewhat
exceeds the thickness, of each individual side plate to be made therefrom. The
strips are run through a series of press tools, and where (as is usually the case
and as is hereinafter supposed) a bush is to be formed near each end of the side
plate, the press tools are made double or multiples the distance between the two
tools of a pair corresponding to the distance between the centres of the two
bushes on the plate.
The first pair of press tools are so shaped as to raise a pair of shallow cups
resembling parts of spheres. And these pairs of cups are repeated at short in-
tervals along the length of the strip. It will be understood that the subsequent
operations are also repeated along the length of each strip without further refer-
ence to such repetitions.
The second pair of tools make the cups a little deeper and straighten the sides
somewhat, that is, they gather the cups towards the eventual shape of the bushes.
The third pair of tools effect an important operation, they flatten and thin the
bottoms of the cups by a simple blow Hitherto the strip has preferably been
held with the cups directed downwards, but the strip is preferably turned over
for this present operation, in which case the bottom tool consists of two flat-
topped studs and the top tool has a plain face. The blow closes up the metal
(and thus minimises the risk of fracture) around the edges of the flattened por-
tions.
The fourth pair of tools deepen the cups and further straighten the sides
thereof. The strip is preferably turned, so that the cups are directed down-
wards in this and the two following operations.
The fifth pair of tools reduce the diameter of the cups, deepen them and make
the sides thereof nearly straight and parallel.
In the sixth pair of tools the punches are made the exact size required for the
bore of the bushes. The dies are bored of two diameters: they are bored through
the size of the punches except at the upper part where they are enlarged to the
exact size required for the outsides of the bushes. Thus the space left between

page_text: the punch and the die, when the press is down, exactly corresponds to the form
of the finished bush and when the press is operated, not only the bottom of the
cup, but all metal in the cup over and above what is required for the manufacture
of the bush, is forced through into the lower part of the die and detached by the
punch. The bushes are thus left the exact shape and size required, and they
have by this time become hardened by the distortion of the metal.
A piess of increased power will be required to effect the next operation of
reducing the side plate to the required thickness. The lower tool is made of
somewhat pyramidal form, the plan of the apex being that of the required side
plate; it is also bored to receive the two bushes The top tool consists of a
flat punch which is adapted to approach the die within a distance equal to the
required thickness of the plate. The sloping form of the, lower tool provides
that only so much of the metal as is required to form the side plate shall be
subjected to the reducing process. The reducing process imparts the desired
hardness to the side plate.
The strip is turned over, and the side plates are cut out in an eighth, pair of
tools, the upper one of which is bored to receive the two bushes
Or the plate may be cut out of the strip before its thickness is reduced, in
which case the plate may be reduced under a stamp, after which the edges would
be trimmed to size in another press; but I prefer not to cut the side plate out
from the strip until it (the said side- plate) is finished The side plates thus
finished may be shaken in a barrel to remove any buir and to impart a general
smoothness thereto, as as to polish them in the usual way.
T
well
Dated this 10th day of February 1899.
DOUGLAS LEECHMAN, M Cy.E.I.,
Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents,
18, Hertford Street, Coventry,
Exchange Chambers, New Street, Birmingham, and
ery Lane, London, W.C, Patent Agent for the Applicant.
Improvements in or relating to the Manufacture of Pitch Chains.
I, HENRY HALLADAY, formerly of 60, Burbury Street, Birmingham, Warwick-
shire, but now of 2, Church Street, Lozells, Birmingham aforesaid, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
My invention relates to the manufacture of pitch chains which consist partly
of links on side plates bearing one or more integral hollow bushes, such as described
in my prior Specification No. 19150 A D. 1897 And my invention consists in
the hereinafter described process of manufacturing such side plates, whereby
the said side plates are produced, finished to size and hardened, from sheet steel
or other suitable material by a series of pressing or like operations without
annealing.
In order that my invention may be properly understood I will describe the
same with the aid of the accompanying drawings, wherein,
Figure I is a plan of part of a strip showing the effect of the operation per:
formed by the first pair of tools
-
:
1
Figure II is a transverse section on the line II-II in Figure I.
Figures III and IV show in plan and section the effect of the second opera-
tion.

page_text: Figure is an elevation of the third pair of tools and parts of the press.
Figures VI and VII show in plan and section the effect of the third opera-
tion.
Figures VIII and IX show in plan and section the effect of the fourth opera-
tion.
Figures X and XI show in plan and section the effect of the fifth operation.
Figure XII is a vertical section of the sixth pair of tools.
Figures XIII and XIV show in plan and section the effect of the sixth opera-
tion.
Figure XV is a front elevation of the seventh pair of tools and part of the
press.
Figure XVI is a plan of the lower tool shown in XV.
Figures XVII and XVIII show in plan and section the effect of the seventh
operation.
Figures XIX and XX show in elevation & plan the effect of the eighth
operation.
In carrying out my invention I preferably employ soft sheet steel of high
carbon and I use the said sheet steel in the form of long strips the width of
which somewhat exceeds the length, and the thickness of which soine what
exceeds the thickness of each individual side plate to be made therefrom The
strips are run through a series of press tools, and where (as is usually the case
and as is hereinafter supposed) a bush is to be formed near each end of the side
plate, the press tools are made double, the distance between the two tools of
a pair corresponding to the distance between the centres of the two bushes on
the plate
The first pair of press tools are so shaped as to raise a pair of shallow cups 2
resembling parts of spheres (Figs. I and II). And these pairs of cups are
repeated at short intervals along the length of the strip 3. It will be under-
stood that the subsequent operations are also repeated along the length of each
strip without further reference to such repetitions.
The second pair of tools make the cups 2 a little deeper and straighten the
sides somewhat, that is, they gather the cups towards the eventual shape of
the bushes. (Figs. III and IV).
The third pair of tools (Fig 1) effect an important operation, they flatten
and thin the bottoms of the cups by a simple blow, bringing them to the form
shown in Figures VI and VII. Hitherto the strip has preferably been held
with the cups directed downwards, but the strip is preferably turned over for
this present operation, in which case the bottom tool consists essentially of
two flat topped studs 4, 4 and the top tool 5 has a plain face. Suitable means
adapted to be operated say by the lever 10, are provided for withdrawing the
studs from the cups after the blow is struck. The blow closes up the metal
(and thus minimises the risk of fracture) around the edges 6 of the flattened
portions.
The fourth pair of tools deepen the cups and further straighten the sides
thereof, as shown in Figs. VIII and IX. The strip is preferably turned so
that the cups 2 are directed downwards in this and the two following opera-
tions.
The fifth pair of tools reduces the diameter of the cups, deepens them and
makes the sides thereof nearly straight and parallel as shown in Figs. X and XI.
In the sixth pair of tools (Fig. XII) the studs 7, 7 of the punch are made the
exact size required for the bore of the bushes. The holes S, 8 in the die are
bored of two diameters; the die is bored through the size of the studs 7, 7,
except at the upper part where the holes are enlarged to the exact size required
for the outsides of the bushes. Thus the space 9 left between the outside of
the stud and the inside of the enlarged part of the hole, when the press is down,
exactly corresponds to the form of the finished bush; and when the press is
operated, not only the bottom of the cup, but all metal in the cup over and

page_text: above what is required for the construction of the bush, is forced through into
the lower part of the die and detached by the punch. The bushes 12, 12
(Figs. XIII and XIV) are thus left the exact shape and size required, and
they have by this time become hardened by the distortion of the metal.
More power than before will be required to work the press (Figures XV
and XVI) for effecting the next operation of reducing the strip 3 to the thickness
required for the side plate 11 The lower tool 13 is made of somewhat pyra-
midal form, the plan of the apex being that of the required side plate; it is
also bored to receive the two bushes. The top tool 14 consists of a flat punch
which is adapted to approach the lower tool within a distance equal to the
required thickness of the plate.
The sloping form of the lower tool provides that only so much of the metal
as is required to form the side plate shall be subjected to the reducing process,
which is effected by the operation of the press (Figs. XVII and XVIII). The
reducing process imparts the desired hardness to the side plate.
The strip is turned over and the side plates are cut out in an eighth pair of
tools, the upper one of which is bored to receive the two bushes. (Figures XIX
and XX).
Or the plate may be cut out of the strip before its thickness is reduced, in
which case the plate is reduced under a stamp: after which the edges of the
plate are trimmed to size by clipping or otherwise; but I prefer not to cut
the side plate out from the strip until it (the said side plate) is otherwise
finished.
The side plates thus finished may be shaken in a barrel to remove any burr
and to impart a general smoothness thereto, as well as to polish them in the
usual way.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is: :-
1. Producing, finishing and hardening hollow bushed side plates for pitch
chains by subjecting a suitable sheet material to a series of pressing or like
operations without annealing, substantially as herein set forth.
2 A pitch chain, link or side plate, bearing one or more integral hollow
bushes, manufactured substantially as herein described and illustrated.
Dated this 6th day of November 1899
DOUGLAS LEECHMAN, M.Cy.EI.,
Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Patent Agents,
18, Hertford Street, Coventry,
9, Exchange Chambers, New Street, Birmingham, and
75, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agent for the Applicant.