AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION AS A GYMITAD MATERIALS
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Christopher Brakell, William Hoebl, and William
Günther, of the North Moor Foundry Company, Oldham, in the County
of Lancaster, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION AS A
GYMITAD MATERIALS"
RABATWOD
Sealed the 15th August 1865, and dated the 18th February 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Christopher Brakell,
William Hoehl, and William Günther at the Office of the Commis-
sioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 18th February 1865.
We, CHRISTOPHER BRAKELL, WILLIAM HOEHL, and WILLIAM GÜNTHER, of
the North Moor Foundry Company, Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COM-
POSITION AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR LEATHER OR OTHER SIMILAR MATERIALS," to be as
follows:-
In the Specification of the Letters Patent granted to Christopher Brakell,
dated March 9, 1864, No. 587, is described the roller of a cotton gin which
is formed, among other substances, of pressed paper.
In the manufacture of ordinary paper the raw material, consisting of rags
or waste, pieces of rope, flax, cotton, or whatever the material may be, is

page_text: a purp by suitable machinery, and then made into paper in the
usual way.
One part of our present improvement consists in combining or incorporating
with paper pulp or other substance in a semi-fluid state herein-after described
the material known as cocoa-nut fibre. We are aware that cocoa-nut fibre has
been and is now made use of in the ordinary ordinary manufacture of paper, but
in that case it is put into the beater or reducing machine with the rags and
other materials and reduced to a pulp along with them. We, however, apply
the fibre in what may be termed its raw state, and the result is a material of
great tenacity and strength, which can be made more or less coarse to suit
different purposes to which it may be applied, according as more or less of the
fibre is made use of.
One mode of making or preparing the material by hand is as follows:-We
cut up the cocoa-nut fibre so that what may be termed its staple has a certain
length, which varies according to what is required. We take some paper pulp
or other substance in a semi-fluid state and place it in a mould or shallow
frame with a perforated bottom and sides; we then take the cocoa-nut fibre
and spread a layer of it on the pulp, at the same time pressing it into or incor-
porating it with the pulp. We then put in another layer of pulp and aga.in
work into it more of the fibre, and so on until the desired thickness of material
is obtained. Some of the water pulp being allowed to drain off, the material
is then pressed as in the usual manufacture of thick pressed paper, commonly
known as millboard. Instead of preparing the material by hand as described,
the fibre
may be incorporated or mixed with the pulp by a stirring apparatus,
and then passed through an ordinary paper-making machine or other machine
modified to suit the material. We prefer, however, the hand process as
described when the material is required for forming the rollers of cotton gins,
and for some other purposes, as a larger proportion of the fibre, and a greater
length of staple can be put into the material, and the pulp also need not be
reduced or beaten up so fine as would be necessary in the machine process.
Instead of the ordinary paper pulp other substances, such as scraps of leather,
buffalo hide, gutta percha, or india rubber, reduced to a pulp or semi-fluid
state, may be used, and instead of the cocoa-nut fibre other substances may be
used, such as the weed used for coarse brushes and mattings, whalebone, wood
fibre, cane fibre, hair, wool, cotton, flax, hemp, jute, and other fibrous
substances. Or instead of fibrous substances fine metal wire may be em-
ployed, the material when intended for gin rollers being prepared in a circular
mould with alternate layers of pulp and wire, the wire being cut into lengths,
and being so placed that it radiates from the centre of the mould to the

page_text: circumference. In some cases we form the material by means of separate
layers of woven fabrics and layers of the pulp of any of the before-mentioned
materials, either separately or combined.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Christopher Brakell, William Hoehl, and William Günther
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 18th August 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, CHRISTOPHER
BRAKELL, WILLIAM HOEHL, and WIILLAM GÜNTHER, of the North Moor
Foundry Company, Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing. date the Eighteenth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto us, the said Christopher Brakell, William Hoehl, and William
Günther, Her special licence that we, the said Christopher Brakell, William
Hoehl, and William Günther, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as we, the said Christopher Brakell, William Hoebl, and William
Günther, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Irelaud, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, au Invention for "AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION AS A
SUBSTITUTE FOR LEATHER OR OTHER SIMILAR MATERIALS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Christopher Brakell, William Hoehl,
and William Günther, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of
one of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Christopher Brakell, William Hoehl.
and William Günther, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
In the Specification of the Patent granted to Christopher Brakell, No. 587,

page_text: 1864, is described the roller of a cotton gin which is formed, among other
substances, of pressed paper.
In the manufacture of ordinary paper the raw material, consisting of rags
or waste, pieces of rope, flax, cotton, or whatever the material may be, is
reduced to a pulp by suitable machinery, and then made into paper in the
usual way.
One part of our present improvements consists in combining or incor-
porating with paper pulp or other substance in a semi-fluid state herein-after
described the material known as cocoa-nut fibre. We are aware that cocoa-
nut fibre has been and is now made use of in the ordinary manufacture of
paper, but in that case it is put into the beater or reducing machine with the
We,
rags and other materials and reduced to a pulp along with them.
however, apply the fibre in what may be termed its raw state, and the result
is a material of great tenacity and strength, which can be made more or less
coarse to suit different purposes to which it may be applied, according as
more or less of the fibre is made use of.
One mode of making or preparing the material by hand is as follows:-We
cut up the cocoa-nut fibre so that what may be termed its staple has a certain
length, which varies according to what is required. We take some paper pulp
or other substance in a somi-fluid state, and place it in a mould or shallow
frame with a perforated bottom and sides; we then take the cocoa-nut fibre
and spread a layer of it on the pulp, at the same time pressing it into or
incorporating it with the pulp. We then put in another layer of pulp and
again work into it more of the fibre, and so on until the desired thickness of
material is obtained. Some of the water in the pulp being allowed to drain
off, the material is then pressed, as in the usual manufacture of thick pressed
paper commonly known as millboard. Instead of preparing the material by
hand as described, the fibre may be incorporated or mixed with the pulp by a
stirring apparatus and then passed through an ordinary paper-making machine
or other machine modified to suit the material. We prefer, however, the hand
process as described when the material is required for forming the rollers of
cotton gins and for some other purposes, as a larger proportion of the fibre
and of greater length of staple can be put into the material, and the pulp also
need not be reduced or beaten up so fine as would be necessary in the machine
process. For cotton gin rollers we put as much as possible of the cocoa-nut
fibre or fibrous material, and only just as much of the pulp as suffices to make
the material adhere together, say three parts of fibre and one part of pulp.
Instead of the ordinary paper pulp other substances, such as scraps of leather,
buffalo hide, gutta percha, or india rubber, reduced to a pulp or semi-fluid

page_text: state, may be used, and instead of the cocoa-nut fibre other substances may be
used, such as the weed used for coarse brushes and mattings, whalebone fibre,
wood fibre, cane fibre, hair, wool, cotton, flax, hemp, jute, and other fibrous
substances. Or instead of fibrous substances fine metal wire may be em-
ployed, the material when intended for gin rollers being prepared in a circular
mould with alternate layers of pulp and wire, the wire being cut into lengths,
and being so placed that it radiates from the centre of the mould to the
circumferences. In some cases we form the material by means of separate
layers of woven fabrics and layers of the pulp of any of the before-mentioned
materials, either separately or combined.
In witness whereof, we, the said Christopher Brakell, William Hoehl,
and William Günther, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this
Fifteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-five.
CHRISTOPHER BRAKELL. (L.B.)
WILLIAM HOEHL.
WILLIAM GÜNTHER.
(L.S.)
(L.B.)