Improvements in the Manufacture of Ceramic or Pottery Ware, Crucibles, Cisterns, Sinks, Flags, and Cements, also applicable for Paving, Foot Paths, Roads, and as a Filtering Medium.
Year: 1893

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Ceramic or Pottery Ware,
Crucibles, Cisterns, Sinks, Flags, and Cements, also applicable
for Paving, Foot Paths, Roads, and as a Filtering Medium.
I, JOHN DAVIES, of 26 Barnsbury Road, Islington in the County of London
and 4 Newgate Street in the City and County of London, Quarry Proprietor do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention refers to improvements on an invention patented to me 1st October
1891 No. 16692, and primarily relates to the manufacture as hereafter described, of
ceramic or pottery ware generally such as bricks, roofing and other tiles whether
plain or ornamented, so called sanitary tubes, pipes, chimney pots, creases, or
ridges, also pottery ware pottery ware stoves, and other articles usually made from
clay, whether mixed or not with plaster of paris, cornices, picture frames, vases,
statuary and lamp stands, also crucibles, cisterns, sinks, flags, and cements.
articles according to my invention have a durability not hitherto attained, and
Such
possess a crushing strain greater than that hitherto known; while the composition
from which the aforesaid articles are manufactured is or may be utilized for paving
blocks, foot paths, roads, and as a filtering-medium.
According to my invention I utilize as the base of the composition, slate debris
or slate refuse, which is now practically a waste material, and for the purposes of
my invention, after the slate has been reduced to the proper degree of fineness by
any suitable known means I mix with it silica, manganese, or iron, and for some
purposes powdered granite, asphalt or lime should be added to the composition
whereby I produce an improved compound or body suitable for the manufacture
therefrom of articles such as those before enumerated, and for other useful purposes
such as roadways and foot paths.
The proportions of the materials forming the composition may be varied according
to the degree of hardness and durability required to be obtained in same.
for fire-brick about one third of the material should be powdered slate, and the '
Thus
other two thirds of silica, instead of in equal proportions as I heretofore used.
For roadways and pavings or blocks, there should be about two thirds of powdered
slate to one third of asphalt and granite.
For bricks for road paving, powdered slate and manganese, or iron are mixed
in proportions according to the degree of hardness required to be produced.
For foot paths the composition is composed of commercial asphalt and powdered
slate one third of asphalt and two thirds of ground slate or slate powder whereby
they are rendered non-slippery and very durable.
Tiles and bricks made according to my invention are
before mentioned by the so called plastic system of brick and tile making, whereby
produced from the materials
dense plastic pressed bricks and tiles are manufactured under heavy pressure and
taken direct to the kiln from the machine, whereby they are rendered absolutely
unshrinkable, and loss of time and cost of drying are altogether avoided. Moreover
roofing tiles made according to my invention are lighter and more durable than any
tiles heretofore made, while at the same time they are impervious to wet and damp.
Crucibles are made according to my invention with powdered slate as a basis, mixed
with silica and manganese.
In the manufacture of cement, lime is mixed with slate debris in the place of
chalk and clay, as used hitherto.
The composition before described having powdered slate as its base I have found
o be very useful as a filtering medium, for from experiments which I have m

page_text: this powdered slate is capable of removing from water one at any rate of the most
deleterious matters in some water, viz. carbonate of lime and the associate salts, and
for this purpose I make filtering beds from powdered slate to be laid on coarsely
ground material made from slate debris, brick about the size of ordinary blasting
powder at such thickness as may be required instead of charcoal and chalk.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be' performed I declare that what I
claim is
1. In the manufacture of bricks and tiles, the employment and utilization therefor
of ground or powdered slate in combination with silica, manganese, or iron, whereby
such bricks and tiles are produced under pressure and without drying, and taken
direct to the kiln from the machine whereby bricks and roofing tiles are produced
which are impervious to wet and practically unshrinkable while they are light and
durable and substantially as described.
2. The manufacture of bricks, tiles, and other ceramic ware from a composition of
which powdered slate forms the base substantially as hereinbefore described.
3. The manufacture of bricks, roofing and other tiles, sanitary tubes, pipes,
chimney pots, creases, pottery ware, pottery ware stoves, and the like whether
plain or ornamented and other articles usually made from clay (whether mixed or
not with plaster of paris) cornices, picture frames, vases, statuary and lamp stands,
also crucibles made from powdered slate as a basis, mixed with silica and man-
ganese; cisterns, sinks, flags, and cements from powdered slate combined with
silica, manganese or iron in or about the proportions named, the cement being
manufactured from lime mixed with slate debris in place of chalk and clay as used
hitherto, and substantially as described.
4. The composition as described for roadways, side walks and pavings or blocks.
5. The composition as described for foot paths and the like.
6. The composition as described for a water filtering medium.
Suay of January 1895.
JOHN DAVIES.
Brewer & Son,
33, Chancery Lane, London.