IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING DYES FROM ANILINE AND ITS ANALOGUES
Year: 1863

page_text: Lancaster, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING
DYES FROM ANILINE AND ITS ANALOGUES."-A communication by Georges
Auguste Jules Delvaux, residing at No. 7, Rue Corneille, Paris, in the
Empire of France.
Sealed the 2nd September 1868, and dated the 11th March 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Thomson Mon-
teith and Robert Monteith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents
with their Petition, on the 11th March 1863.
We, ROBERT THOMSON MONTEITH, of Saint Malo, in the Empire of France,
British Vice-Consul, and ROBERT MONTEITH, of 64, Crystal Terrace, Cecil
Street, Greenheys, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MAKING DYES FROM ANILINE AND ITS ANALOGUES," to be as follows:-
Aniline red, a substance well known in commerce, and which is made from
aniline or one of its analogues, is mixed with a dry salt of aniline or of one of its
analogues, and heated in a vessel hermetically closed to a temperature of 392
degrees of Fahrenheit. The dyes thus produced are shades of brown, called in
France "cuirs" or "havanne." They can be freed from the tarry and other
impurities they may contain by the methods now well known for purifying

page_text: aniline dyes. The salt of aniline best adapted for this process is the dry
hydrochlorate of aniline, and the proportions should be about equal parts by
weight of aniline red and dry hydrochlorate of aniline.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Robert Thomson Monteith and Robert Monteith in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 11th September 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ROBERT
THOMSON MONTEITH, of Saint Malo, in the Empire of France, British Vice-
Consul, and ROBERT MONTEITH, of 64, Crystal Terrace, Cecil Street, Greenheys,
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the 27th year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Robert Thomson Monteith and Robert Monteith, Her special licence
that we, the said Robert Thomson Monteith and Robert Monteith, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Robert
Thomson Monteith and Robert Monteith, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING DYES PROM ANILINE AND ITS ANALOGUES," being a
communication to us by Georges Auguste Jules Delvaux, residing at No. 7,
Rue Corneille, Paris, in the Empire of France, upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said Robert Thomson Monteith and Robert Monteith,
our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to bo
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Robert Thomson Monteith and Robert
Monteith, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-

page_text: Aniline red, a substance well known in commerce, and which is made from
aniline or one of its analogues, is mixed with a dry salt of aniline or one of
its analogues, and heated in a suitable vessel, either hermetically closed or not,
to a temperature of 390° Fahrenheit and upwards for as long a time as may be
necessary to form the dye of the required shade; this will be from one to six
hours. The dyes thus produced are shades of brown, called in France "cuirs"
and "havanne." The brown dye thus formed may be separated into two
brown dyes of different shades, a part being soluble in boiling water and nearly
all the rest in alcohol. The mass which results from heating the aniline red and
the dry salt of aniline must therefore be treated with a sufficient quantity of
boiling water to dissolve out all that is soluble in it, and then filtered, and the
residue treated with alcohol and filtered. Both filtrates will dye brown, but
of different shades. These dyes may be used at once for dyeing textile fabrics
and yarns, or they can be purified by any of the methods in general use for
purifying aniline colours before dyeing with them. The salt of aniline or its
analogues which we prefer to use is the hydrochlorate of aniline; in fact we
have not obtained any good practical results with any other salt of aniline or
its analogues. These brown dyes may be produced by using various propor-
tions of hydrochlorate of aniline with analine red. We find equal proportions
of aniline red and hydrochlorate of aniline, heated for from one to three hours
at a temperature of 480° Fahrenheit, to give excellent results.
At the same
time, we have obtained good results with five parts of aniline red and one part
of hydrochlorate of aniline, as well as with five parts of hydrochlorate of
aniline and one part of aniline red. We have also had good results from
mixtures between these proportions, and we do not confine ourselves to the
proportions aforesaid, nor to any particular time or temperature for heating,
as we find that different proportions of the aniline red and hydrochlorate of
aniline, and different durations of heat as well as different degrees of tempe-
rature, produce different tints or shades of these dyes. When the operation is
performed at a low temperature, say from 350° Fahrenheit to 400° Fahren-
heit, it gives a dark colored fused mass, which is capable of being dissolved in
boiling water to a great extent; the residue, after filtration, being dissolvd in
alcohol gives a brown dye. The clear filtered aqueous solution made alkaline
by any alkali or its carbonate or bicarbonate (we prefer to use ammonia)
gives a precipitate consisting of a paste which, when neutralized with acetic or
any other suitable acid (we prefer to use acetic acid) and dissolved, gives a
brown dye, and is in that state capable of dyeing shades of brown colour.
The clear liquor filtered from this paste, after being neutralised or made slightly
acid with acetic or other suitable acid, dyes a scarlet colour and other modified

page_text: shades of red, according to the temperature and length of time of heating.
When the operation is performed at a higher temperature, say about 480° Fahren-
heit, and the mass thus obtained treated as above described with boiling water
and filtered, and the filtrate rendered alkaline by any alkali or its carbonate
or bicarbonate (we prefer to use ammonia), and subsequently neutralized by
acetic or any other suitable acid (we prefer to use acetic acid), the filtrate
becomes of an orange colour, and after concentration by evaporation may be
used for dyeing a dark orange brown dye. If used in an unconcentrated or
diluted state, it dyes a buff or yellow shade.
yellow shade. The precipitate, when separated
from the last-mentioned filtrate, consists of a paste which, when treated with
alcohol (which dissolves nearly all of it), and the residue separated by filtration,
gives a brown dye. We have also found that brown dyes may be produced
by operating upon the aniline colours derived from aniline red, such as blue
and violet of commerce, with a dry salt of aniline in the manner before
described for converting the aniline red into brown colouring matter, but this
mode of making brown dyes is not so good or so economical as the processes
before described, and we do not claim it as part of our Invention.
We claim as our Invention only the production of the dyes above mentioned
by heating the aniline red of commerce with hydrochlorate of aniline in the
manner above described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Robert Thomson Monteith and Robert
Monteith, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Eighth day of
September, in the year of our Lord 1863.