matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN DESPATCH TUBES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lawton Haddan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd October 1876. A. communication
from abroad by Albert Liasse, of 26, Rue Vivienne, Paris.
JOHN LAWTON HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Patent Agents,
of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DESPATCH TUBES." A communication from abroad by Albert Liasse, of 26, Rue
Vivienne, Paris.
The object of my Invention is to drive through a tube by water power in com-
bination with gravity, a train or trains of small carriers containing the objects to
be transmitted; which is effected by the combination of what may be termed a
syphon-formed tube, with a force pump and train of carriers. The tube is laid
with an elevated point between each station, and the water power is merely used
to drive the train up to this point, when it will descend and traverse the remainder
of its course simply from its own gravity.
The trains are first introduced into the tube when the tube is closed by a screw
plug; a few strokes of the pump are then given to fill the pipe or terminus; the tap
is then turned by which the operation of the water is called into play. The carriers
work against the top of the tube in ascending, and against the bottom thereof in
descending. The train after passing the summit descends by gravity alone to the
succeeding station.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TOILET BRUSHES AND COMBS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th June 1876. A. communication from
abroad by Fauvelle-Delebarre, fils, and Deschamps-Maurcy and Co., Manu-
facturers, all of Paris, France.
CHARLES DENTON ABEL., of No. 20, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in
the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TOILET BRUSHES AND COMBS."
This Invention consists in constructing toilet brushes with a recess at the back
constituting a sheath for a comb, means being provided for holding the comb in its
sheath to prevent its falling out.
For this purpose the back plate of the brush is not fixed directly on the back of
the frame in which the bristles are set, but two cheeks or distance pieces are inserteil
between the two on either side of the brush, so as to leave a longitudinal cavity
between the frame and the back plate, which serves as the sheath for the comb. This
cavity extends either from the handle up to the head of the brush where an opening
is formed for the introduction of the comb, the back plate being notched out soine-
what so as to leave a small portion of the comb protruding to facilitate its with-
drawal, or the cavity may extend to the handle end of the brush for the comb to be
inserted at that point.
Instead of notching out the back plate as described the removal of the comb may
be effected by cutting a small lateral slot in one of the cheeks before-mentioned,
communicating with the recess for the comb, the latter having a small notch that is
opposite the slot when it is inserted, so that the comb can be pushed up slightly
with the finger at the slot until its end protrudes sufficiently to allow it to be
drawn out.
For holding the comb in its sheath a small steel spring is fixed within the latter
so as to press against the back of the comb.
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WHEEL OR ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Philippe Noble at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th May 1876.
LOUIS PHILIPPE NOBLE, of Walworth, in the County of Surrey.
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WHEEL OR ROLLER SKATES."
"IMPROVE-
This Invention consists in certain improvements in the construction of wheel or
roller skates, whereby any desired curves or evolutions may be performed with great
facility, whilst the construction of the skates themselves is of a very simple and
inexpensive character, liability to fracture and derangement of the parts being to a
great extent avoided as compared with the methods of manufacture previously
employed. The foot plate of the skate formed of wood or metal, and is of the ordinary
shape, having the necessary means of attaching or securing the same to the foot of the
wearer. To the under surface of the foot plate near the toe and heel thereof, and
at right angles thereto, are fixed metallic plates (but which may if desired approach
nearer to each other on their inside edges), such plates having slots formed therein,
which are respectively inclined downwards towards a vertical line passing through
the centre of the foot plate. Within the respective pairs of plates are securely fixed
blocks of caoutchouc, by preference in the form of thick tubing. The wheels or
rollers are placed on the ends of horizontal spindles or axles, which are passed
through the lower portions of the slots in the before-mentioned plates, such spindles
or axles bearing upon the blocks of caoutchouc. The wheels or rollers are respec-
tively free to rotate independently of each other. Upon the foot plate being canted
or tilted on either side by the wearer the blocks of caoutchouc are compressed by the
spindles or axles, which latter are thereby caused to traverse the inclined slots in
an upward and downward direction. A radial motion of the spindles or axles
being thus obtained, such radial motion enabling the wearer to execute any desired
curves or evolutions with great facility, the spindles or axles having the requisito
amount of play, but being regulated in a very perfect manner by the resistance and
elasticity of the blocks of caoutchouc.
One great advantage which results from the method of construction as herein.
before described is that the inconvenience which arises from passing over surfaces
having inequalities with skates as ordinarily constructed is entirely or to a great
extent avoided.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTING STEEL AND HOMOGENEOUS IRON, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE SAID CASTING
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Roper Wright, William Smith,
and Isaac Butler at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th April
1876.
JOHN ROPER WRIGHT, Manager of Steel Works, and WILLIAM SMITH, Manager of
Steel Works, and ISAAC BUTLER, Manager of Steel Works, all of Panteg Steel
Works, in the County of Monmouth. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTING STEEL AND
HOMOGENEOUS IRON, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE SAID CASTING."
In the ordinary method of casting ingots and other articles of steel and homo-
geneous iron, the casting produced is unsound in consequence of the great rush with
which the inolten metal is precipitated from the ladle into the mould, the descending
stream of metal carrying with it a quantity of air, which is in part retained in the
casting, thereby communicating to it a greater or less porosity.
We will describe our improvements in casting in conjunction with the apparatus
we employ. Instead of pouring the melted metal from the converter or furnace
directly into the mould, we pour it into an intermediate vessel or channel whereby
the height of the vertical column of melted metal entering the mould is diminished,
and the rapidity of its motion lessened, and there is consequently little tendency in
thic column of melted metal to carry down with it the air, which gives porosity to
the casting. We construct a horizontal channel by preference of iron lined with
lcam or brick. This channel is situated over the moulds in which the casting is to
he effected. A hole capable of being closed by a plug or stopper is made in the
bottom of the said channel over each of the moulds. The melted iron or steel is
either allowed to run from the furnace or converters into a ladle, and is allowed to
run out of the said ladle into the channel described; or it is allowed to run direct
from the furnace or converter into the said channel. The melted metal passes from
the said channel into the ingot moulds in gentle streams carrying little or no air
with it into the casting. As the moulds fill, the openings in the channel through
which the melted metal has passed into them are respectively closed by means of
clay stoppers, and the melted metal is thereby shut off."
Besides the advantages already enumerated, our Invention has the additional
advantage, namely, that the inconvenience and loss which attend the running or
leaking of the ladle when its contents are poured directly into the mould are wholly
or in great part avoided by the use of the channel described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AUDIBLE ALARMS FOR SAFES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Alfred Cowper at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th July 1876.
EDWARD ALFRED COWPER, of No. 6, Great George Street, Westminster, in the
County of Middlesex. IMPROVEMENTS IN AUDIBLE ALARMS FOR SAFES."
"
My improvements relate to apparatus in connection with safes for the safe keep-
ing of valuables or documents, and are particularly applicable in cases where the
safe is situated in a different room from that in which the person in authority
sleeps, the effect of the apparatus being to convey a knowledge of what is taking
place at the safe to the person in authority at night, even if his room is situated
at the upper part of the house and the safe is placed in the basement.
My Invention consists in forming a complete solid connection by means of a tube
or rod of steel, iron, wood, or other suitable material from the safe to a drum or
sounding box, with or without strings, or a small funnel or ear trumpet placed in
any convenient position in the room of the person in authority, and by preference
close to his bedside. By this means a very slight noise, such as filing or the noise of
attempting to pick a lock, or the use of wedges, screwdrivers, chisels, drills, or
other instruments at the safe, can be detected at once at the end of the tube or rod
in the distant room. The tube or rod should by preference be lightly fixed on hard
supports, and be free to vibrate so as to convey sound in the most perfect manner.
AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR SECURING CUPBOARD OR OTHER DOORS, AND A NEW LOCK-NUT CATCH OR TONGUE FOR SUCH PURPOSE
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Lowe at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th April 1876.
EDWIN LOWE, of Birchfield Rd., Birmingham. "AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR
SECURING CUPBOARD OR OTHER DOORS, AND A NEW LOCK-NUT CATCH OR TONGUE
FOR SUCH PURPOSE."
To make fast a catch or tongue on a screw or spindle to fasten cupboard or other
doors by means of two nuts, one on each side of the said catch or tongue. Either of
the nuts being screwed or turned will make the catch or tongue quite secure on the
screw or spindles (for which reason I call it the lock-nut cupboard turn. The
catch or tongue is cranked, one of the nuts working in the cranked part of the said
catch or tongue, which causes the elongated portion of the said catch or tongue
to move flush with the surface of the door to which it is attached. The hole in the
cranked part of the said catch allows it to move easily along the screw or spindle.
The two nuts can be moved to any part of the screw or spindle, which will make it
suit any thickness of door.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRAWING, TWISTING, AND DOUBLING FIBRES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Brown, William Dean, and Arthur
Orrah at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th October 1876.
JOHN BROWN, Woollen Cord Manufacturer, WILLIAM DEAN, Overlooker, and
ARTHUR ORRAH, Overlooker, all of Huddersfield, in the County of York.
"IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRAWING, TWISTING, AND DOUBLING FIBRES."
In machinery for purposes as aforesaid, of the class to which this Invention relates,
rollers having in addition to rotary motion around their axis a transverse rotation,
the motion first referred to "drawing," and the latter motion "twisting" the fibres.
Heretofore in order to increase or decrease the " draft" a change of diameter of
roller was necessary, because if the speed of the rollers was increased or decreased a
like variation of speed was given to the "twisting" action, and vice versa, such
changes being requisite from time to time as fibres of different qualities are to be
operated upon.
The object of this our Invention is the construction and combination of apparatus
whereby the "draft" and the "twist," or either of them, may be varied without
change of rollers. The rollers are carried by bearings upon an elongated boss
having a wharle for driving the same by cord or band; this gives the transverse
or "twist" motion as ordinary. In conjunction with the boss referred to is an
outer boss and wharle having separate driving band; the latter boss is connected
by gearing with the axes of the drawing rollers and gives to the latter the
drawing" motion. A driving cylinder or drum and the necessary driving cords
or bands are provided for each of the two (series) of wharles, so that just as either
driving cylinder or drum is operated so will the "draft" and "twist" be regulated
and adjusted as required, change wheels being used for the purpose of determining
the speed of the driving cylinders or drums.
In some cases in lieu of rollers for "drawing" and "twisting" the fibres we
employ rings mounted upon and rotating around a fixed axis or spindle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GRAINING, COATING, SURFACING, OR ORNAMENTING WOOD
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles August Bluemel at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th June 1876.
CHARLES AUGUST BLUEMEL, of Globe Road, Mile End, in the County of
Middlesex, Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GRAINING, COATING, SURFACING,
OR ORNAMENTING WOOD."
The object of this Invention is to coat, surface, or ornament wood in such
manner as to adapt it for various industrial and marketable purposes, as for
instance, the production of ornamental and effective handles for umbrellas and
parasols, also for walking sticks, fancy boxes, and other articles composed of wood.
I proceed to describe the Invention as applied to the ornamenting of an umbrella
or parasol handle.
I coat the handle with a compound or solution composed of white lead and copal
varnish, or other white pigment or colour, mixed with spirit varnish or copal
varnish so as to form a white enamelled surface, and when such coating is dry I
smooth its surface by using pumice powder mixed with water, and I then coat or
surface it with a colouring or surfacing solution, or varnishing compound composed
of equal quantities of Japan varnish and turpentine.
After the handle has been so coated with this compound and it begins to set or
dry cold water is sprinkled or thrown over it rather quickly in the form of spray
or drops, and it is then held over a stove for a few seconds to dry. When dry
most effective novel and beautiful designs will be produced. The handle is then
varnished with copal or ordinary spirit varnish.
If it be desired to have the handle of a darker hue or colour, then, more Japan
varnish must be added to the turpentine; but if to be of a lighter hue or colour,
then more turpentine is added and less Japan varnish.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR HARDENING OR CONSOLIDATING FELT HAT FORMS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Perrin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th October 1876.
JAMES PERRIN, of Hyde, in the County of Chester, Engineer, Millwright, and
Hatters' Machinist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR HARDENING
OR CONSOLIDATING FELT HAT FORMS."
My Invention consists in the application of hydraulic pressure for hardening or
consolidating felt hat forms, and in the machinery or apparatus for applying the
same, whereby the forms are more effectually prepared for the subsequent operations
of felting and blocking than by the ordinary means. The improved machinery or
apparatus consists of a conical vessel lined with copper and heated by steam cr
otherwise, and of a perforated cone fitting within the said vessel; between the
conical vessel and the perforated cone is an india-rubber bag which is attached to
the flange of the perforated cone. The hat form made of soft wool in the ordinary
manner to be operated upon is put on the india-rubber bag, and the perforated cone
with the india-rubber bag and the form are placed in the conical vessel; water
under pressure is then turned on into the inside of the perforated vessel, and this
water acting on the inside of the india-rubber bag causes it to expand and compresses
the form to the extent required for hardening it.
By this means the fibres of the wool are not disturbed when being put on the
india-rubber bag when placed in the conical vessel, whereas in the ordinary mode of
operation it requires very skilful workmen to avoid disturbing the fibres in putting
the cloth cover over the loose form.
METHOD OF PRODUCING ORNAMENTAL DESIGNS ON METAL PLATES."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Henry Rees at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th June 1876.
"A NEW OR IMPROVED
THOMAS HENRY REES, of Newport, Monmouthshire.
METHOD OF PRODUCING ORNAMENTAL DESIGNS ON METAL PLATES."
Hitherto in producing or engraving such designs it has been necessary to engrave
two dies, one being sunken and the other raised. Athough this involves con-
siderable labour and expense it very frequently results in producing an unsatisfactory
impression.
To obviate these disadvantages I proceed as follows:-I engrave the sunk die in
the usual manner, but the upper or embossed die I make of gutta percha, papier
mache, or any similar substance, which can be moulded in the matrix while soft,
but becomes hard afterwards. When necessary I steep such die in hot water in
order to render it susceptible to taking a good impression, and I take such
impression from the lower or sunken die whilst the material of which the upper
die is soft, thereby securing an exact counterpart of the design so engraved on the
lower die.
I engrave the design either on metal, slate, stone, or hard wood, and then press
the sheets of metal therein by means of such dies, or with a blanket, leather, or
other soft material. By this means I am enabled to print either direct from metal
plates or from metal castings, stereotypes, or types. Or I may print the designs in
adhesive varnish, and then produce various colors by rubbing dry powdered colors
and bronze powders over, and securing them on the plate with japan. Or I may
print metal plates from metal or wood rules put one way, then turning either the
plate or the printing form round, and printing the other way, so that the lines cross,
and thus produce a variety of plaids. Or I may print from lithographic stones
drawn upon in the ordinary way, but instead of damping the stone in the ordinary
manner I occasionally rub over it a saturated solution of chloride of calcium.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING JUTE
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Pitfield Mitchell at the Office
of the Cominissioners of Patents on the 5th April 1876.
CHARLES PITFIELD MITCHELL, of 43, Burlington Street, Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING JUTE."
This Invention has for its object improvements in treating jute. For this
purpose I treat the jute, by preference, in the state of yarn with hypochlorous acid
(H CI O), and after washing and drying it I further treat it with dilute solutions
of bleaching powder (chloride of lime), washing and drying the yarn after cach
treatment with bleach until the colour is discharged, when, if desired, it may be
dyed by the ordinary processes.
The treatment of jute in this manner does not materially affect the strength of
the fibre.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CLEANSING AND DRYING OF GLASS BOTTLES, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Leonard Barber Edgcome at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th February 1876.
*
THOMAS LEONARD BARBER EDGCOME, of 52, Erskine St., Liverpool, in the County
of Lancaster. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CLEANSING AND DRYING OF GLASS BOTTLES,
AND IN APPARATUS FOR THAT PURPOSE."
This Invention has for its object improvements in cleaning and drying the inside
of glass bottles, and in apparatus for that purpose.
In washing the inside of wine and other bottles, in rinsing them thoroughly, and
getting them into such a condition that they will dry rapidly, I proceed as follows:-
I first heat them in any manner so that they will bear without danger of cracking
the heat of injected steam, which I then cause to enter the bottles. In doing so
prefer to invert the bottles in order that the steam may rise towards the interior top
of the inverted bottles, and then run down by the sides of the same, and out through
their necks as it becomes more or less condensed.
I sometimes inject the steam into the previously heated bottles without inverting
them, but as a rule I much prefer to invert them because I thus utilise the steam to
the greatest advantage. I use steam only in this process so far as the actual
washing of the bottles is concerned in conjunction with steam pipes which are
inserted into every bottle through the necks of the same. The steam pipes branch
usually from a boiler or from a steam pipe or pipes communicating with a boiler,
and each such pipe or series of pipes is provided with a cock which controls the
supply of steam according as it is wanted. I steady the bottle in any convenient
way, taking care to provide a sufficient outlet for surplus or condensed steam which
must escape.
The operator passes from pipe to pipe, removing the bottles that are clean, placing
them where they may naturally cool and dry, and replacing them with bottles
that require to be cleaned, in the manner described, and so that they may also
rapidly dry.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING THE SLIVER DAMAGING THE CIRCLES IN NOBLES' OR OTHER COMBS."
Year: 1876

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION leſt by George Ackroyd at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th January 1876.
GEORGE ACKROYD, junior, of Bradford, in the County of York, Wool Comber.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING THE SLIVER
DAMAGING THE CIRCLES IN NOBLES' OR OTHER COMBS."
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the method of and apparatus
for preventing the sliver damaging the circles in Nobles' or other combs, such being
frequently the case with the machines as at present arranged, in consequence of the
grooved drawing off rollers which are generally placed a short distance from the
circles, so that directly the sliver breaks it is wrapped round the roller and comes
in contact with the pins of the revolving circle or circles, and forces them towards
the centre of the circle or circles, thus destroying the perpendicular of the pins and
rendering the circle useless.
The object of my Invention is to provide an apparatus that can be applied with
facility to existing machinery, in order to prevent the sliver when broken from
wrapping round the rollers and damaging the pins in the large or small circles as
above described.
I accomplish my object in the following manner-To each pair of what arc
commonly known as drawing off rollers for drawing off the sliver from the large or
small circles of a combing machine, I place another pair of rollers having a cominon
combing cloth or leather round then, the centres of which are placed at any
convenient distance from each other; the same are revolved by means of a strap or
gearing as the case may be, and are fixed in such a manner that the circumference
of one of my additional rollers is placed at a suitable distance from the circumference
of one of the drawing off rollers to admit of the roller cloth or leather passing
between them.
It will be perceived that when the sliver is broken, and in attempting to pass
round the drawing off rollers it will come in contact with the combing cloth or
leather which revolves in the opposite direction to the drawing off rollers, and be
carried and wrapped round the cloth or leather instead of the rollers, by which means
the rollers will work the same, and as free as if the silver was not broken.
By the application of my improved apparatus the centre rollers of the machine
that the slivers pass through can be removed and dispensed with, thus giving more
room in the centre of the machine, which is of great importance.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN DRILLING BRACES, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE IMPARTING OF ROTARY MOTION FOR OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Double at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd October 1876.
GEORGE DOUBLE, of Llandudno, in the County of Carnarvon, Engineer. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN DRILLING BRACES, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE IMPARTING OF
ROTARY MOTION FOR OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to a peculiar mode of mounting a friction strap and its
actuating lever, and in the application of the same to drilling braces, to the screwing
of piles, and to other like purposes.
As applied to a drilling brace or to the screwing of piles, for example, I pass a
friction strap round the spindle to be rotated, or round the pile, and I connect both
ends of this strap by pin joints with a lever handle, one joint being situate behind
the other on the said lever. This lever has no separate fulcrum of its own but
moves round the axis of the spindle or the pile to be rotated as a fulcrum, and
when forced in one direction it so tightens the strap as to cause it to grip and turn
the spindle or pile along with it, but when urged in the reverse direction it loosens
the strap and permits a fresh hold to be taken.
IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING LOCOMOTIVES FROM RUNNING OFF THE RAILS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Loam Nicholls at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st November 1876.
MICHAEL LOAM NICHOLLS, of Hayle, in the County of Cornwall. " IMPROVED
MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING LOCOMOTIVES FROM RUNNING OFF THE
RAILS."
The object of this Invention is to prevent locomotives from running off the rails
on account of great speed, curves, inequalities, or obstructions on the permanent
way. For this purpose I propose to form the leading wheels of the locomotive
with double flanges or a single flange fixed outside, and also to lift such wheels off
the rails as hereafter described.
The aforesaid leading wheels are arranged so as to lift automatically off the rails
when traversing a crossing or meeting any obstruction on the rails. To effect this
the axle boxes and bearings of the aforesaid leading wheels are connected to a
piston rod of a small steam cylinder, by preference a vertical one, mounted directly
over each axle box. To the slide valve gear I propose to connect a lever in such a
way as to act upon the points and crossings or obstructions on the rail, to admit
steam into the aforesaid small cylinder at the underneath part of the piston so as to
lift the leading wheels off the rail while passing points and crossings, and a similar
arrangement behind the leading wheel for reversing gear.
The leading wheel is kept down on the rail when not passing crossings or
obstructions by the steam remaining on the top of the piston to act as a spring.
If found desirable, instead of employing self-acting gear, as before described,
the slide valve gear can be worked by the men in charge of the engine or both.
Where there is no turntable, a second pair of doubled-flanged wheels or wheels
with one flange on outside can be placed at the hinder end of the locomotive for
the purpose of enabling the locomotive to be worked either way.
When two sets of double flanged wheels are employed, or wheels with one flange
outside, as before described, to enable the engine to work both ways there must be
an arrangement to enable the men in charge to lift the hinder pair of wheels off the
rails.
The slide valve action may be accelerated by electro-magnetic appliances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BAKING POWDERS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Townshend Ashinore at the
Office of the Commissioners. of Patents on the 14th March 1876. A com-
munication from abroad by Messrs. Dodge and Olcott, of 88, William Street,
New York, in the United States of America.
CHARLES TOWNSHEND ASHMORE, of 3 & 4, Fowkes Buildings, Great Tower
Street, in the City of London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BAKING POWDERS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in baking powders.
For this purpose I form a baking powder of muriate ammonia, fifty-three and one
half (53) parts together with its chemical equivalent of either of the following
alkaline carbonates :-
Bi-carbonate soda, eighty-four (84) parts,
Carbonate soda, fifty-three (53) parts,
Bi-carbonate potash, one hundred and one fifth (100¹/) parts,
Carbonate potass, sixty-nine and one fifth (691/5) parts,
or any other alkaline carbonate in its equivalent proportion, forming on the applica-
tion of heat in the process of baking, or any similar process, carbonate or
bi-carbonate ammonia and muriate soda or common salt or muriate potass.
Either of the mixtures above named may be used dry with flour, or preferably
dissolved in the water or milk with which dough is to be made, and when the
dough is subjected to the heat necessary for baking or cooking, carbonic acid and
ammonia will be formed and volatilized, thus raising the bread, cake, pastry, &c., in
which the muriate soda or muriate potash will remain.
MENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN CONNECTION WITH WATER-CLOSETS, SINKS, AND OTHER LIKE COMMUNICATIONS FOR VENTILATING SEWERAGE RECEP- TACLES AND EXCLUDING EXHALATIONS THEREFROM."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Foster at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st July 1876.
"IMPROVE-
JOSEPH FOSTER, of Hook, near Winchfield, in the County of Hants.
MENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN CONNECTION WITH WATER-CLOSETS,
SINKS, AND OTHER LIKE COMMUNICATIONS FOR VENTILATING SEWERAGE RECEP-
TACLES AND EXCLUDING EXHALATIONS THEREFROM."
My Invention has for its object preventing the escape of exhalations from
sewerage through a water-closet, sink, or other like communication, and consists
essentially in the employment, in connection with a suitable receptacle for the
sewerage, of a sliding valve, which is normally maintained closed, so as to cut off
or intercept all communication between the said receptacle and the water-closet or
sink (for example), but which is capable of being opened as occasion may require
by the aid of a convenient handle or other contrivance for the discharge into the
receptacle of the contents of the water-closet or sink, to be again immediately closed
automatically as soon as the opening handle is released. The receptacle is arranged
above the pipe communicating with the sewer, and into it also opens a pipe leading
from the water-closet or sink, over the lower orifice of which latter pipe the before-
mentioned sliding valve is fitted. The valve is connected by means of a chain or
cord passing over a roller or pulley with the opening handle, which consists by
preference of a knob fitted on the end of a sliding spindle, the latter being provided
with suitable stops for regulating its traverse.
The before-mentioned receptacle has formed therein horizontal openings for the
admission of fresh air from the external atmosphere, and it is also surmounted with
a vertical pipe, which may be carried up to any desired elevation for the discharge
of the gases after their dilution by admixture with the atmospheric air admitted to
the receptacle in the manner herein-before described.
AN IMPROVED CHIMNEY POT
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Guy at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th October 1876.
DANIEL GUY, of Ryde, in the Isle of Wight, in the County of Southampton,
Whitesmith. "AN IMPROVED CHIMNEY POT."
This Invention consists in the construction of a chimney pot by means of which
an active upward draught through the chimney is promoted, and the products of
the combustion of the fuel employed thereby carried off, whilst the possibility of
any downward draught through the chimney is if not entirely to a great extent
obviated.
The chimney pot is constructed of any suitable metal, or combination of metals,
or other material or materials. The lower part of the pot is of any suitable form,
such as that of a cylinder or of a truncated cone, and the bottom thereof is so con-
structed with a flange or other suitable appliance or appliances as to allow of its
being fixed securely to the top of a chimney stack, as is well understood.
The main and effective portion of the pot which is above the lower part thereof
as last mentioned, consists of a series of concentric belts or partial cylinders, the
same being respectively composed of two or more plates of metal or other suitable
material or materials. The said plates are of a lozenge or diamond shape, and are
so arranged that their angle points shall be disposed in horizontal and vertical lines,
the points in the horizontal line being connected by soldering or in any other con-
venient manner, or if preferred the belt may be composed of one plate only, cut or
formed of the requisite shape, the two ends being caused to meet, and being secured
to each other in any suitable manner.
The several series of belts increase in diameter from the lowest to the uppermost
portion of the pot, and are kept apart from each other by means of transverse bars
as may be desired. By these arrangements a perfectly free current of the external
air is allowed to pass through the series of belts or partial cylinders, so as to
secure the rapid escape of the products of combustion, and to prevent any downward
draught.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO TABLES OR APPARATUS FOR PLAYING BILLIARDS, APPLICABLE ALSO IN PART TO BAGATELLE AND OTHER SIMILAR GAME BOARDS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jolin Marsden at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th June 1876.
JOHN MARSDEN, of Chandos Works, Beacon Street, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO TABLES OR APPARATUS FOR
PLAYING BILLIARDS, APPLICABLE ALSO IN PART TO BAGATELLE AND OTHER SIMILAR
GAME BOARDS."
Billiard tables as at present constructed almost necessitate the games being
played under cover and in rooms purposely arranged therefor, they are also very
expensive and almost necessitate the use of ivory balls. Now my Invention is
designed with a view to do away with a large amount of the cost at present
incurred, and to so arrange it that the game can be played in the open air and
without the use of balls made of ivory, a substance constantly becoming more
expensive and difficult to procure.
In carrying out my Invention I make the bed of sheets or plates, preferably of
zinc, screwed down upon wooden holding blocks in a metallic frame, so that they
shall be free to expand instead of puckering up and yet always remain on a
uniform level, the holding blocks boing free to give or slide laterally in the frame.
2nd. I usually paint or enamel the surface, or otherwise covering it, with a smooth
waterproof coating so as to protect the plates from corrosion, and yet form no
impediment to the free travel of the balls, instead of covering with grain baize as
ordinarily practised. 3. I make the cushions of metallic round or elliptic tubes,
or other hard impenetrable material, and the balls of india-rubber or other elastic
substance, thus reversing the ordinary plan, which consists in making the cushions
elastic and the balls hard and unyielding. 4. By these arrangements I am
enabled to make a very cheap substantial billiard table, while the balls being
clastic are not so easily caused to turn aside by any accidental dirt or matter that
may fall on the table. My table can also be placed out on the lawn and played
in fine weather, thus converting billiards into a healthy outdoor game.
An awning
can be erected over it. 5: The bed of the table is not bound to be made of
metal. If built permanently in one place out of doors it can be made of slate,
asphalt, cement, or other material, and yet work almost equally well, the cushions
only being of metal. The mode of using clastic balls in conjunction with a hard
bed and cushions is applicable also to bagatelle and other similar game boards.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING OR MARKING THE DIVISIONS UPON OBJECTS OF DIFFERENT SUBSTANCES HAVING CURVED, FLAT, OR OTHER SURFACES, MORE ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO THE MARKING OR DIVIDING OF ALL KINDS OF INSTRUMENTS AND APPARATUSES USED IN THE SCIENCES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexis Danilovitch Wolochoff at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th August 1876.
ALEXIS DANILOVITCH WOLOCHOFF, of 127, Gray's Inn Road, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING OR
MARKING THE DIVISIONS UPON OBJECTS OF DIFFERENT SUBSTANCES HAVING
CURVED, FLAT, OR OTHER SURFACES, MORE ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO THE
MARKING OR DIVIDING OF ALL KINDS OF INSTRUMENTS AND APPARATUSES USED IN
THE SCIENCES."
The chief feature or novelty of my Invention is that from one fixed standard I
am enabled to produce divisions of various dimensions upon several articles or
objects at one operation instead of by distinct and separate operations, which
machines or apparatuses now employed render necessary.
To effect this object upon a base plate is fixed one or more longitudinal beds
or guide frames, upon which beds or guide frames are made to travel accurately
fitting slides or receptacles for the tubes; plates, or other objects to be divided. At
one end of the said base plate is fitted rotating segmental wheels, across the
diameters of which travel projecting studs or crank pins, which by the aid of
connecting rods work the slides or receptacles on the longitudinal beds. The
periphery of one of the before-mentioned segmental wheels being divided into one
fixed standard enables me by the intervention of a toothed ratchet wheel and lever
to operate uniformly, and without adjustment for each series of divisions required,
it being understood that the projecting studs or crank pins are capable of
diametrical or radial adjustment, which adjustment at once defines the various
dimensions of divisions, such divisions being made by travelling knives, needles,
circular cutters, or other instruments attached to oscillating levers moving upon
transverse slides, and acting simultaneously. I wish it, however, to be understood
that I do not confine myself to the exact mechanical arrangements before described,
but can vary the same without in any way departing from the principle or nature
of my Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PIANOFORTES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Dodson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th January 1876.
WILLIAM DODSON, of No. 22, Bryan Street, Caledonian Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Pianoforte Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
PIANOFORTES."
Hitherto the backs of pianofortes have been made rigid and fixed, glued or
otherwise securely fastened to the framework of pianofortes.
Now my Invention consists in suspending the backs of pianofortes, whereby
greater volume of sound and a more positive tone is imparted to the piano, besides
in cases of repairing it will be simply to take or slide out the back.
Isuspend the backs in the following manner-In the sides of the back I insert
two or more studs or pivots, which fit into slots cut in bearings fixed on the inside
of the frame, so that the back slides down the framework, and is held in position
by means of the said studs. I screw up the frame work to the back by means of a
regulator turned by a key acting on the slot and pivot before mentioned. The back
is kept from jarring by means of a washer or other packing placed round the stud
or pivot.
IMPROVED COSTUME POCKET' WITH MUFF COMBINED AS ONE ARTICLE
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ignac Pick at the Office of the.
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd August 1876.
IGNAC PICK, of Queen Victoria Street, in the City of London, Furrier.
IMPROVED COSTUME POCKET' WITH MUFF COMBINED AS ONE ARTICLE."
"AN
The object of this Invention is to combine a muff with the article of ladies' dress
known as "costume pockets," so as to serve the two-fold purpose of a pocket and a
muff For this purpose I sew or otherwise attach to the back of the pocket on its
upper and lower edges layers or pieces of silk, satin, velvet, or other fabric, which I
stuff or pad with eider down, wadding, or hair, so as to provide a comfortable and
warm receptacle for the hands of the user, which are introduced from the sides and
between the padded portion and the back of the pocket, which is also padded.
This combined muff and pocket may be worn attached to the chatelaine, or it
may hang by straps, cords, or hooks from the waist belt in exactly similar manner
as the ordinary costume pocket now in use
The combined muff and pocket may be made of seal skin, leather, or other
suitable material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SLEEPERS FOR THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS OR TRAM- WAYS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Lascelles at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th May 1876.
WILLIAM HENRY LASCELLES, of Bunhill Row, in the County of Middlesex, Builder.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SLEEPERS FOR THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS OR TRAM-
WAYS."
My Invention relates to the construction of the sleepers used for supporting the
permanent way of railways or tramways, and has for its object to provide for this
purpose sleepers which will be practically indestructible, or will at any rate last
for a very considerable time, whereas the wooden sleepers now generally employed
for receiving the chairs and rails are very liable to perish from exposure to the
weather.
My Invention consists in constructing the sleepers of concrete, composed by
preference of ground coal ashes or coke and Portland cement, but where these
inaterials are not easily obtainable in sufficient quantities other substances may
be used for making the concrete, such, for instance, as sand or burnt clay, with the
addition of lime or Scott's selenitic cement, or other suitable cementitious substance.
As I find it convenient to be able to drive nails or screws into the concrete, I
prefer to make the latter as homogenous as possible, and therefore do not use coarse
gravel or broken stone, although such materials may, if desired, be used in such
parts of the sleepers as will not be required to receive nails, spikes, or screws.
The sleepers are to be cast in moulds, and may be made of the usual scantling
or dimensions, and in order to strengthen them I embed in the concrete iron rods
or wires, or, if preferred, iron pipes of about an inch in diameter. Any waste iron,
such as old or damaged rails, or twisted or bent bars, may be used for this purpose,
the object being to impart stiffness to the sleeper at the least possible cost.
Either transverse or longitudinal sleepers may be made of concrete in this
manner, and when the latter form of sleepers is required, they may, if desired,
be cut in continuous lengths in situ, by forming a continuous mould or box on
the ballasted road by means of boards which when the concrete is set and has
become hard may be removed and used again for another part of the road.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HAND PRINTING STAMPS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbort John Haddon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd May 1876. A communication from
abroad by George K. Cooke, of New York City, United States of America.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Patent Agents,
of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HAND PRINTING STAMPS." A communication from abroad by George K. Cooke, of
New York City, United States of America.
This Invention relates to an improvement in that class of hand stamps in which
the printing block rotates in journaled bearings, and consists in bringing the
opposite sides of the block on which the types are placed alternately in contact with
the inking pad and the surface to be printed upon, and by means of the one
operation of pressing the stamp down upon the surface to be printed upon, and
releasing the said pressure, making the printed impression and also inking the
type; the latter operation being performed by ineaus of the type surface striking
an inked pad which is fixed to the stamp frame immediately above the position of
the upper face, which position the type faces assume at each stroke of the machine,
the face which last made the printing impression being the next to be presented to
the inking pad. The inking pad may be inked automatically from a fountain in
the handle of the stamp or by any other suitable means. The improvements can bo
performed by making the stamp with a handle, horizontal beam, and hangers, the
lower ends of which are chambered to hold bearings with sliding followers held
down by a spiral spring; a printing block is furnished supported on the said
bearings, and an inking pad is fixed to the under side of the horizontal beam; the
printing block has opposite faces with type upon each, and when pressure is applied
to the handle, the face which happens to be down will print an impression, while
the opposite side of the block is brought against the ink pad and charged with ink.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLERS ON WHEELS OF ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jonathan Aldous Mays at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th May 1876.
JONATHAN ALDOUS MAYS; of 221, Gresham House, Old Broad Street, in the City
of London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLERS ON WHEELS OF ROLLER SKATES,"
This Invention consists in constructing a chamber or chambers in the wheels or
rollers of roller skates, in filling or supplying such chamber or chambers' with lubri-
cating material, and in lubricating the bush and axle from such chamber or
chambers by filtering or percolating the lubricant through or along conductors
made of wood or other suitable porous material.
The chambers referred to are to form reservoirs for holding or containing the
lubricating material, and where necessary they are to have their walls or surfaces
coated with or protected by material impervious to the lubricant, so that the latter
may be restricted from filtering or percolating in a wrong direction.
The bushes of the wheels may be made of wood or other suitable porous material
or combinations thereof, or of metal combined with wood or other suitable porous
material or combinations thereof, but in any case there must be a connection
between the inner surface of the bush and the reservoir or reservoirs by means of
wood or other suitable porous material so that the lubricant may filter, percolate, or
pass through the same and be thereby applied to the axle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CIGAR AND OTHER Golden Square, in. LIKE CASES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry William Dee at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th July 1876.
HENRY WILLIAM DEE, of the Firm H. W. and L. Dee, of Sherwood Street,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CIGAR AND OTHER
Golden Square, in the County of Middlesex.
LIKE CASES."
This Invention relates to improvements in cigar and other like cases whereby
a better and a more effectual closing of the two sides than is usual is effected.
My Invention consists in fitting in recesses formed at both ends or both sides
of one pocket or half of a cigar case or other like case spring catches or bolts to
engage into or behind corresponding studs or plates in the other pocket or half of
the case when the two halves are brought close together.
By means of my Invention cigar cases, purses, and other like articles opening
out their whole length upon a hinge can be opened easily and effectually by one
hand only, without requiring the other to hold the article or to assist in the opening
by simply pressing on both sides or both ends of the case at the same time.