Improvements in Heat Regulated Apparatus for Use in Rearing Infants, and for other purposes.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Nov.. 1894
Complete Specification Left, 29th Aug., 1895-Accepted, 2nd Nov., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by ALEXANDRE LION, of 31 Rue de l'Hôtel-de-Ville,
Lyon, in the Republic of France, Merchant.]
Improvements in Heat Regulated Apparatus for Use in Rearing
Infants, and for other purposes.
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co., Patent
Agents, 45 Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
This invention relates to apparatus for use in rearing infauts and for other
purposes.
The improved apparatus has for its object to serve as a habitation for prematurely
born or weak infants when they are not suckled, who if they were left to the
ordinary temperature of apartments would even with the best care generally be
doomed to die. The sojourn in this apparatus varies according to the time which
the infant was born too early.
Two constructional forms of this apparatus will hereinafter be set forth, one
being designed to be heated by gas, and the other by any desired mode of heating,
such as by petroleum, gas, spirits, electricity or the like.
This apparatus has the form of a parallelopiped with rounded interior corners,
and rests upon a support with four iron feet. It is made of galvanized sheet-metal
and can withstand disinfection by the stove with steam under pressure at
120 degrees and more.
The front face is glazed in any desired manner at the top for two-thirds of its
height, and thus enables the whole interior of the apparatus to be seen without
requiring the latter to be opened. This glazed part may be constituted by a
frame adapted to slide vertically upwards in lateral grooves, being held by four
antagonistic springs which compensate for its weight. By this means it is held at
the desired height.
This same glazed part may also be formed by a double door opening in the
middle and turning upon hinges. A single door may be employed in lieu of such
a double door.
The airing or ventilation of the apparatus is ensured by a series of holes pierced
in the lower part and in the upper part of three of the sides. The top carries
inoreover a draught chimney.
The bottom of the apparatus is simply slid in and can by means of knobs be
very easily removed for the cleaning.
For heating the apparatus provision is made for the circulation of hot water.
A serpentine of tinned copper provided with a discharge pipe for condensed steam
extends round the lower part of the apparatus and terminates exteriorly on the
straight lateral wall in an annular water-reservoir heated by a Bunsen burner or
otherwise, for example by a lamp. This water reservoir which is surrounded by
a cylindrical casing is filled through a funnel serving at the same time as the
upper level. Its volume of water is about six litres, and it is sufficient during the
normal operation to add a glass of water every week to compensate for loss by
evaporation.
The infant is placed in the middle of the apparatus upon a cradle of galvanized
wire gauze.

page_text: An
This cradle has the form of a hammock and is suspended by four chains from
the vertical sides of the apparatus. The infant is thus perfectly isolated.
ordinary thermometer visible from the outside is hung up against a wall at the
height of the infant's head.
In order to ensure to the apparatus a regular temperature a different device inay
be used for each of the two modes of heating, on the one hand for gas and on the
other hand for another mode of heating.
For heating exclusively by gas the device is composed of a mercury regulator
controlling automatically the supply of gas to be burnt in order to produce the
required temperature.
This regulator is based upon the principle of the air thermometer, and the
variations of temperature of the apparatus automatically modify the section of
the outlet for the gas to be burnt.
It extends for this purpose with its lower extremity and for the greatest part of
its height into the interior of the apparatus, and is composed of an upper gas
chamber and a lower air chamber. These two chambers are separated by a
horizontal partition prolonged vertically at its centre by a small tube which
descends into the lower chamber and terminates very near to the bottom.
The upper chamber presents a lateral pipe for the inlet of the gas; this chamber
is closed at its upper part by a plug traversed by a tube for the outlet of the gas
feeding the burner by means of a movable pipe and a connecting pipe.
A disc is provided on this outlet tube which is screw-threaded where it passes
through the said plug. At its lower extremity it is cut on a bevel and dips into
mercury.
This regulator operates as follows: The mercury being introduced into the
regulator descends into the lower chamber and encloses and compresses the air
contained therein. The remainder of the mercury occupies a portion of the upper
chamber.
It is the air enclosed in the lower chamber which, expanding or contracting
under the action of variations in the temperature of the apparatus, displaces the
level of the mercury in the gas chamber into which extends the orifice cut on a
bevel and through which the gas has to pass in order to reach the burner.
The orifice may be more or less enlarged or diminished by acting upon the
aforesaid disc fixed to the tube. It is enlarged and consequently the temperature
of the apparatus is raised by turning this disc say from left to right. It is
diminished and therefore the temperature lowered by a movement in the opposite,
direction.
A very small hole provided in the gas outlet tube some centimetres above the
level of the mercury permits of a very small quantity of gas to pass directly to the
burner. As this gas always burns it prevents extinctions which might take place
by the complete obstruction of the orifice resulting from a violent shock or from
too abrupt an elevation of the temperature of the ambient air.
The other regulating device employed for the second constructional form of
the apparatus comprises a regulating thermometer whose operative part, fixed to
the interior of the apparatus against a vertical wall, transmits to an exterior
lever the variations of temperature, and augments or diminishes according to
requirements the force of the current of heat.
Thus the regulation of the temperature is here also ensured automatically and in
a perfect manner.
Such a regulator comprises a single or double tube wound to a spiral and closed
at its ends, which tube contains a very expansive liquid or gas, the expansion and
contraction due to the variations of temperature being transmitted from the spiral
through the medium of a pivoted rocking lever having one of its arms connected
to the said spiral, to an operating lever having a short arm and a long arm, the
short arm of the said operating lever being connected to the other arm of the
rocking lever by a regulating screw. A counterweight serves to maintain
the operating lever in equilibrium. The said screw for regulating the temperature

page_text: of the apparatus also enables the lever to be kept in the horizontal position at any
degree of temperature. Another regulating screw is employed for small changes
of temperature.
A cone is suspended by a small chain from the extremity of the operating lever.
The cone closes or opens a channel or annular part of a water reservoir and
gradually augments or diminishes the action of the heating current upon the
interior and exterior sides of the water reservoir.
The source of heat, such as a lamp for petroleum or other oil, gas, electricity,
various appropriate fuels or the like, is at a very short distance from the water
reservoir and in the prolongation of the channel so as to give a direct issue to the
heating current at the moment when the cone rises.
This lamp or the like is carried by a support which, being adaptel to move upon
a guide, enables the source to be displaced either in the vertical or horizontal
direction.
It will be understood that the cone being lowered and entirely closing the upper
orifice of the interior channel, the lamp will heat all the interior and exterior sides
of the water reservoir, thus causing an elevation of temperature.
In proportion as the temperature rises in the apparatus the regulating ther-
mometer raises one arm of the operating lever and consequently the cone, which
gives passage to such heat as would be in excess for the fixed degree of
temperature, hence a lowering of the temperature.
The source of heat used being of the power for giving the degree of temperature
desired, the latter is kept constant and invariable to about one-tenth of a degree.
In large installations the apparatus may also be provided with an electric
indicating thermometer, such indicators being connected to an indicating tablet or
board.
Nevertheless the addition of such an indicator is not necessary for the proper
operation of the apparatus, and constitutes only an additional precaution, for the
temperature is always invariable and the security absolute, whether the apparatus
is provided with an indicator or not.
This indicator is composed of a metallic thermometer acting by expansion of
liquid and placed in the interior of the apparatus, and a bell with a dry battery
fixed together upon a plate and which are connected directly to the thermometer
by two buttons traversing the side of the apparatus and which serve to hook and
suspend this thermometer on the one side, and on the other side the plate carrying
the bell and battery.
The variations of temperature of the apparatus are transmitted by a metallic
plate to a pointer of the thermometer adapted to move between two commutators
which may be fixed as near together as desired. This arrangement ensures that at
the least variation of temperature, either upwards or downwards, contact is
produced, the electric circuit closed and the alarm bell operated.
An ordinary interruptor or circuit-breaker enables the bell to be stopped
This inter-
directly after it has begun to ring without touching the thermometer.
ruptor is replaced upon the contact as soon as the middle pointer has returned to
its original position.
This apparatus, which may be made of any forms and dimensions, as also of any
metal, wood, or the like, can be transformed, as will be understool, into a stove
to serve for hatching eggs of any kind, for the culture of silk worins, aut like
purposes.
In these various applications some sligh modifications will have to be made,
such as in the arrangement of the wall, the use of doors and the like, or in the
general form of the apparatus or that of its parts.
201
11901
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: I, HENRY HARris Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co., Patent Agents,
45 Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to apparatus for use in rearing infants and for other
purposes.
The improved apparatus has for its object to serve as a habitation for prematurely
born or weak infants when they are not suckled, who if they were left to the
ordinary temperature of apartments would even with the best care generally be
doomed to die. The sojourn in this apparatus varies according to the time which
the infant was born too early.
In the accompanying drawings
Figure 1 is a perspective view of one form of the improved apparatus designed
to be heated by gas.
Figure 2 is a perspective view of another form of apparatus designed to be
heated by any desired mode of heating, such as by petroleum, gas, spirits, electricity
or the like
Figure 3 is a vertical section of a device for automatically controlling the supply
of gas to the heating apparatus and
Figure 4 is a view of a regulating thermometer for use in the form of apparatus
shown in Figure 2.
In these figures similar letters of reference designate corresponding parts.
This apparatus has the form of a parallelopiped with rounded interior corners,
and rests upon a support with four iron feet. It is made of galvanized sheet-metal
and adapted to withstand disinfection by the stove with steam under pressure at
120 degrees or more.
The front face is glazed in any desired manner at the top for two-thirds of its
height, and thus enables the whole interior of the apparatus to be seen without
requiring the latter to be opened. In Figure 1 this glazed part is constituted by
a frame A adapted to slide vertically upwards in lateral grooves, being held by
four springs which compensate for its weight. By this means it is held at the
desired height.
In Figure 2 this glazed part is formed by a double door opening in the
middle and turning upon hinges. A single door may be employed in heu of
such double door.
The airing or ventilation of the apparatus is ensured by a series of holes B
provided in the lower part and in the upper part of three of the sides. The top is
moreover provided with a draught chimney C.
The botto. D of the apparatus is simply slid in and can by means of knobs & be
very easily removed for the cleaning.
A
The heating of the apparatus is effected by the circulation of hot water.
serpentine E of tinned copper provided with a discharge pipe E' for condensed
steam extends round the lower part of the apparatus and terminates exteriorly on
the straight lateral wall in an annular water-reservoir R beated by a Bunsen
burner as shown in Figure 1, or otherwise, for example by a lamp as shown in
Figure 2. This water reservoir which is surrounded by a cylindrical casing R' is
filled through a funnel R³ serving at the same time as the upper level. Its volume
of water is about six litres, and it is sufficient during the normal operation to add a
glass of water every week to compensate for loss by evaporation.

page_text: The infant is placed in the middle of the apparatus upon a cradle F of galvanized
nire gauze.
This cradle has the form of a hammock and is suspended by four chains f from
the vertical sides of the apparatus. The infant is thus perfectly isolated. An
ordinary thermometer G visible from the outside is hung up against a wall at the
height of the infant's head.
In order to ensure to the apparatus a regular temperature a different device may
he used for each of the two modes of heating, on the one hand for gas and on the
other hand for another mode of heating.
For heating the water exclusively by gas see Figure 1 the device is composed of
> mercury regulator H controlling automatically the supply of gas to be burnt in
order to produce the required temperature.
This regulator is based upon the principle of the air thermometer, and the
variations of temperature of the apparatus automatically modify the section of
the outlet for the gas to be burnt.
It extends for this purpose with its lower extremity and for the greatest part of
its height into the interior of the apparatus, and is composed as shown in Figure 3,
of an upper gas chamber and a lower air chamber Ji. These two chambers are
separated by a horizontal partition J2 prolonged vertically at its centre by a small
tube J³ which descends into the lower chamber J' and terminates very near the
iottom thereof.
The upper chamber J has a lateral pipe K for the inlet of the gas; this chamber
1closed at its upper part by a plug K¹ traversed by a tube L for the outlet of
the gas feeding the burner by means of a movable pipe L₁ and a connecting
Pipe L
A disc L is provided on this outlet tube L which tube is screw-threaded where
it passes through the said plug K'. At its lower extremity the said tube is cut on
a hevel as at L and dips into mercury.
This regulator operates as follows: The mercury being introduced into the
regulator descends into the lower chamber J' and encloses and compresses the air
contained therein. The remainder of the mercury occupies a portion of the upper
chamber J.
It is the air enclosed in the lower chamber J' which, expanding or contracting
under the action of variations in the temperature of the apparatus, displaces the
Jevel of the mercury in the gas chamber J into which extends the orifice L'
ut on a bevel and through which the gas has to pass in order to reach the
burner.
The orifice L' may be more or less enlarged or diminished by acting upon the
foresaid disc L³ fixed to the tube L. It is enlarged and consequently the
temperature of the apparatus is raised by turning this disc L³ say from left to
right. It is diminished and therefore the temperature lowered by a movement in
the opposite direction.
A very small hole L provided in the gas outlet tube L some centimetres above
the level of the mercury permits of a very small quantity of gas to pass directly
to the burner. As this gas always burns it prevents extinctions which might
take place by the complete obstruction of the orifice L' resulting from a violent
shock or from too abrupt an elevation of the temperature of the ambient air.
The other regulating device employed for the apparatus shown in Figure 2
comprises a regulating thermometer more especially shown in Figure 4 whose
operative part, fixed to the interior of the apparatus against a vertical wall Z,
transmits to an exterior lever M the variations of temperature, and augments or
diminishes according to requirements the force of the current of heat.
Thus the regulation of the temperature is here also ensured automatically and
in a perfect manner.
The regulator shown in Figure 4 comprises a single or double tube N wound to
a spiral and closed, which tube contains a very expansive liquid or gas and upon
which act the variations of temperature transmitted through the medium of a

page_text: rocking lever O pivoted at O1 to an operating lever S V M, having a short
arm SV and a long arm V M. Upon the point S of the short arm of the said
lever SVM acts the thermometer by means of a regulating screw P. A counter-
weight T serves to maintain the operating lever S V M in equilibrium. The said
screw P for regulating the temperature of the apparatus also enables the lever to
be kept in the horizontal position at any degree of temperature. Another regulating
screw U is employed for small changes of temperature.
A cone X is suspended by a small chain M from the extremity of the operating
lever S V M. The cone closes or opens a channel or annular part R³ of a water
reservoir R and gradually augments or diminishes the action of the beating current
upon the interior and exterior sides of the water reservoir R.
The source of heat I such as a lamp for petroleum or other oil, gas, electricity,
various appropriate fuels or the like, is at a very short distance from the water
reservoir and in the prolongation of the channel R so as to give a direct issue to the
heating current at the moment when the cone rises.
This lamp or the like is carried by a support Y which, being adapted to move
upon a guide, Y₁ enables the said lamp or the like to be displaced either in the
vertical or horizontal direction.
It will be understood that the cone X being lowered and entirely closing the
upper orifice of the interior channel, the lamp I will heat all the interior and
exterior sides of the water reservoir, thus causing an elevation of temperature.
In proportion as the temperature rises in the apparatus the regulating ther-
mometer raises one arm of the operating lever M and consequently the cone X, which
gives passage to such heat as would be in excess for the fixed degree of temperature,
hence a lowering of the temperature.
The source of heat used being of the power for giving the degree of temperature
desired, the latter is kept constant and invariable to about one-tenth of a degree.
In large installations the apparatus may also be provided with an electric
indicating thermometer, such indicators being connected to an indicating tablet
or board.
Nevertheless the addition of such an indicator is not necessary for the proper
operation of the apparatus, and constitutes only an additional precaution, for the
temperature is always invariable and the security absolute, whether the apparatus
is provided with an indicator or not.
This indicator is composed of a metallic thermometer G¹ acting by expansion
of liquid and placed in the interior of the apparatus, and a bell G² with a dry
battery G³ fixed together upon a plate and which are connected directly to the
thermometer G¹ by two buttons G³ traversing the side of the apparatus and which
serve to hook and suspend on the one side this thermometer and on the other side
the plate carrying the bell and battery.
g
The variations of temperature of the apparatus are transmitted by a metallic
plate to a pointer of the thermometer adapted to move between two commu-
tators which may be fixed as near together as desired. This arrangement
ensures that at the least variation of temperature, either upwards or downwards,
contact is produced, the electric circuit closed and the alarm bell G² operated.
This
An ordinary interruptor or circuit-breaker enables the bell to be stopped
directly after it has begun to ring without touching the thermometer.
interruptor is replaced upon the contact as soon as the middle pointer has returned
to its original position.
This apparatus, which may be made of any form and dimensions, as also of any
metal, wood, or the like, can be transformed, as will be understood, into a stove
to serve for hatching eggs of any kind, for the culture of silk worms, and like
purposes.
In these various applications some slight modifications will have to be made,
such as in the arrangement of the walls, the use of doors and the like, or in the
general form of the apparatus or that of its parts.
It will be understood that the parts of the above described apparatus may be

page_text: modified by altering the forms and arrangements of the mechanisin constituting
the improved rearing apparatus; such as the water receptacle, the temperature
regulating thermometer and the electric heat indicator as described; althongh
they appear to fulfil the desired conditions in the most suitable manner, they may
nevertheless be replaced by other similarly acting devices.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated
to me by my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :—–
1. The arrangement of a heated and aired chamber or rearing apparatus with
suitable glass covers doors or windows into which chamber the infant is placed and
bedded in a cradle formed preferably by a hammock of metal web, suspended
from the interior walls of the rearing apparatus, substantially as described and
represented in the drawing.
2. The arrangement for heating this apparatus, of a serpentine for the circula-
tion of hot water, of a reservoir preferably provided with an annular channel,
below which the source of heat is directly arranged, substantially as described and
represented in the drawing.
3. The combination with the rearing apparatus and the water reservoir with
serpentine, of a temperature regulating device of the type represented in Figures 1
or Figure 2, this rearing apparatus thus constructed being capable of being
completed by connecting an electric heat indicator thereto, arranged and operated
in the manner described.
31
ليوم
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Good way of AugIND 1000
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.