CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOUND OF ANILINE COLOURS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henri Adrien Bonneville, of the British and
Foreign Patent Offices, 10, Sackville Street, Piccadilly, in the
County of Middlesex, and 24, Rue du Mont-Thabor, Paris, in
the Empire of France, Patent Agent, for the Invention of " CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOUND OF ANILINE COLOURS."-A communication
from Emil Zinssmann, residing at New York City, in the United
States of America, Chemist.
Sealed the 7th August 1868, and dated the 14th February 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPCIFICATION left by the said Henri Adrien Bonneville
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 14th February 1868.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent
Offices, 10, Sackville Street, Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex,
and 24, Rue du Mont-Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOUND OF ANILINE COLOURS," a communication from
Emil Zinssmann, a person resident at New York City, in the United
States of America, Chemist, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in a compound which is soluble in water
and made of aniline colours which in themselves are not soluble in

page_text: water by treating said colours. with glue or gelatinous materials or
with different kinds of gums, such as gum arabic or gum tragacanth,
or with starch, which is soluble in water, or with other equivalent
materials, either alone or mixed together, in combination with either
acetic acid or glycerine or saccharine solutions or decoctions of plants
or any other liquid which will produce the desired effect, said materials
being combined mechanically to a thick syrup-like homogeneous mass
and then mixed together with the aniline colour (which is to be rendered
soluble in water), and heated in such a manner that a product is
obtained which retains all the colouring properties and qualities
inherent to the aniline colour, and which is so perfectly soluble in
water that it can be used with the best success for dyeing and printing
all fibrous materials, and consequently the expensive operation of
dissolving the aniline colours in alcohol, which with aniline colours as
now made is indispensable, particularly for dyeing and printing wool
or cotton or fabrics made therefrom, can be dispensed with.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henri Adrien Bonneville in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 18th August 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I HENRI
ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices, 10,
Sackville Street, Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex, and 24, Rue
du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France, Patent Agent, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her Most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, Her special
licence that I, the said Henry Adrien Bonneville, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Henri Adrien
Bonneville, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others from time to time, and at all times

page_text: thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOUND OF ANILINE COLOURS," a communi-
cation from Emil Zinssmann, a person resident at New York City, in
the United States of America, Chemist, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Adrien Bonneville, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
This Invention consists in a compound which is soluble in water and
made of aniline colours which in themselves are not soluble in water
by treating said colours with glue or gelatinous materials or with
different kinds of gums, such as gum arabic or gum tragacanth, or with
starch, which is soluble in water, or with other equivalent materials,
either alone or mixed together, in combination with either acetic acid
or glycerine or saccharine solutions or decoctions of plants or any other
liquid which will produce the desired effect, said materials being
combined mechanically to a thick syrup-like homogeneous mass and
then mixed together with the aniline colour (which is to be rendered
soluble in water), and heated in such a manner that a product is obtained
which retains all the colouring properties and qualities inherent to the
aniline colour, and which is so perfectly soluble in water that it can be
used with the best success for dyeing and printing all fibrous materials,
and consequently the expensive operation of dissolving the aniline
colours in alcohol, which with aniline colours as now made is indis-
pensable, particularly for dyeing and printing wool or cotton or fabrics
made therefrom, can be dispensed with.
In carrying out my Invention I proceed for instance as follows:-I

page_text: of the colour) and dissolve the same in common acetic acid of 7 or 8
degrees, so as to form a thick syrup-like mass. With this thick solution
I mix the aniline colour previously reduced to a fine powder, and then I
work the mass until it forms a fine thick homogeneous pulp, cither by
means of suitable stones or by passing the mass through a mill or in
any other suitable manner. The pulp thus obtained is then placed in
a suitable vessel (best an enamelled kettle) and heated in a water bath
under constant agitation or kneading, it being desirable at the same
time to provide the vessel containing the pulp with a tightly closing
cover, so as to prevent the undue evaporation of the liquid parts of the
mass. It must be remarked however that the desired reaction or, in
other words, the perfect dissolution of the aniline colour in the gluc or
the equivalent material will take place only. and best when the pulp
in the water bath forms a mass of such thickness and consistency that
it can just be kneaded or stirred. If the pulp should however become
so thick that it cannot be stirred or kneaded before the aniline colour
is perfectly dissolved in the glue or equivalent material the addition
of a small quantity of the corresponding liquid is sufficient to reduce
the pulp to the desired consistency. From time to time a small
quantity of the pulp is taken out, dissolved in hot water, and while bot
passed through a filter, and if no colour remains on the filter the process
can be considered completed, and the product can be used immediately
or it can be dried and preserved for future use. For purple aniline
colours, with the exception of blueish purple, such as "parme" or of
the aniline blue, about 2 or 3 parts of glue or gelatine to 1 part of
colour are sufficient, but for blueish purple, such as ". parme or for
aniline blue, it is better to use from 4 to 6 pounds of glue or gelatine.
For blue aniline or for "parme" the use of glue and acetic acid is to
be recommended, but for purple aniline I can use gums or starch which
is soluble in water (dexterine, and the acetic acid can be replaced by
glycerine or decoctions of plants, such as soap wort (radix saponaria)
or materials of a similar effect, and this change is to be recommended
because the acetic acid affects and injures the hue of the purple aniline
colours. If glycerine and glue are employed it is necessary to soften
the glue first in a small quantity of water and then to effect the
combination of the glycerine and glue by heating them together. By
this treatment I am enabled to produce from aniline colours which in
themselves are not soluble in water a compound which is perfectly

page_text: 'soluble in hot water, thus forming a solution which is applicable with
great advantage in place of the expensive and unreliable alcoholic
solution of said colours. The great saving effected thereby is apparent
from the fact that at present for the purpose of dissolving 1 pound of
purple or blue aniline colour (particularly for the purpose of dyeing and
printing woollen or cotton materials) from 20 to 30 pounds of the
strongest alcohol or a still larger quantity of methylene or wood spirit
are required, and even then the solution thus produced is not reliable
or perfect. If the alcoholic solution remains standing a short time a
portion of the same is precipitated from the same, and if said solution
is used for dyeing the colour of the dyed fabric is many times not
uniform, and liable to come off. By the use of my compound all these
disadvantages are avoided; it dissolves perfectly in hot water; the
colouring matter is not liable to precipitate from the solution, however
long said solution may remain standing; and wool, silk, cotton, also
paper and different other materials or fabrics, can be dyed or printed
therewith with the greatest ease and perfection. I am well aware that
products soluble in water have been prepared by treating aniline colours
with sulphuric acid, but such products are applicable more particularly
for dyeing and printing leather or silk, but little or not at all for dyeing
and printing wool or cotton or fabrics made therefrom. I am also
aware that some time ago glycerine or decoctions of plants have been
recommended for the purpose of dissolving aniline colours; but the
extensive and common use of alcohol as a solvent of these colours
shows that said materials did not produce the desired result. I have
never succeeded to produce with these last-named materials alone
anything like a satisfactory result, and it is only possible to effect the
solution if at the same time a substance is used, such as glue or any
equivalent material as above specified.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and the
manner of carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood
that I do not intend to confine myself to the exact details above given,
as the same may be slightly modified without departing from the
principle of the said Invention; but what I claim is, a compound which
is soluble in water and made from such aniline colours which in
themselves are not soluble in water by treating said colours with glue
or equivalent substances, either alone or mixed together, and with a

page_text: liquid, such as acetic acid or glycerine or their equivalents, either alone
or mixed together, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Third day of July, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
eight.
H. BONNEVILLE. (L.S.)