Improvements in Indicators such as are used to Ascertain the Power of Steam Engines.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Sept., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 21st June, 1895-Accepted, 20th July, 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Indicators such as are used to Ascertain the
Power of Steam Engines.
I, MOSES JOHN WAYNE, of 22 London Road, Grays, in the County of Essex,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention has for its object to simplify and improve the construction of steam
engine indicators.
I make in one piece the following parts, namely the lower body or steam
chamber which the piston of the indicator enters, the arm which carries the paper
drum and the cone which adapts the indicator to the steam cock. The upper body
of the indicator I make cylindrical in form, it screws into the lower body with
segmental threads so that a portion of a turn fixes the parts together, or the
coupling may be external.
In the upper body is a chamber which also the piston enters and between the
two chambers is the cylinder. The cylinder is a comparatively narrow ring fitting
the piston accurately and terminating at each end in a knife edge. The cylinder
has an exterior flange at its upper end, it drops into a cavity at the lower end of
the upper body and is secured by a ring screwed in and locking the flange in
the cavity. There is a diaphragm or partition in the upper body through which the
piston rod passes and the chamber which is beneath the partition is provided with
a lateral vent by which any steam which leaks past the piston may escape. The
cock which carries the pencil arm is seated upon the top of the diaphragm or
partition and the side walls of the upper body have openings to permit these parts
to pass through and to move freely over the range required to bring the pencil or
marking point to the paper and withdraw it therefrom. There is a boss upon the
diaphragm around the piston rod and this forms the lower pivot for the cock, the
axial part of the cock being tubular and receiving this boss within it. The upper
pivot of the cock is similar, it is upon an upper diaphragm which fits into and
closes the top of the body. The piston rod passes up through both diaphragms
and through the axial part of the cock and a head suitable to engage with the
indicator spring is screwed to the upper end of the piston rod. In place of the
ordinary coiled indicator spring I employ a blade spring having two limbs con-
nected by a bow; one blade engages with the head of the piston rod with a hinge-
like joint and the other at a point vertically over the head engages in like
manner with a cap which by a segmental screw is secured to the top of the body.
The piston rod where it passes through the axial part of the cock has a sleeve
screwed upon it and on the sleeve there is a small socket. This socket receives a
joint pin which lies close against the piston rod and across it at right angles.
Another sleeve is carried by the joint pin, the joint pin and its sleeve together
forming a T piece and through the sleeve or head of the T piece the pencil arm of
the indicator passes; it fits the sleeve and it is able both to turn and to slide
therein. The pencil arm also passes through a third sleeve which can rock upon
pivots carried by the cock. The rear end of the pencil arin is controlled by a
double link which compels it to move in a circular course about centres upon the
cock, and also prevents the pencil arm turning in the sleeves. The parts are thus
so arranged that a rectilinear movement of the pencil is obtained parallel to the

page_text: movement of the piston but of greater amplitude. Or the necessary end wise
movement of the pencil arm through the sleeves may be obtained by other
means.
The paper drum and its cord pulley are for lightness made of aluminium,
they are carried by and able to turn freely upon a hollow stud axis pillar which is
fixed to the arm of the indicator. The pillar has a boss upon it about midway of
its length, it fits and turns upon the part of the pillar above the boss. Beneath
the boss the pillar has a screw thread upon it, it passes through a hole in the arm
and receives a nut beneath; by screwing up this nut the arm is nipped and the
pillar securely nipped,
Within the hollow pillar is the spring for turning the paper drum; it is a coiled
spring, its upper end is made fast to the inner part of the paper drum above the
top of the pillar and its lower end to a plug which fits within the pillar and is
prevented from turning by a stud. The stud projects from the side of the
plug and is received into one or other of a series of notches in the lower end of
the pillar.
The tensile action of the spring keeps the plug in place but allows it to be
readily withdrawn to adjust the torsion by shifting the plug from notch to
notch.
The guide pulleys which control the cord of the indicator are carried by a
block having a hollow neck through which the cord passes to the sheave of the
paper drum. The neck is embraced by a holder at the end of an arm and
the arm screws upon and can be clamped fast to the lower end of the pillar in
any position required. The neck of the pulley block also turns in the holder and
by means of a clamping screw can be locked fast when properly placed.
In the periphery of the paper drum a trough like depression parallel to the
axis is made extending from the top of the drum nearly to its lower end. A
pin projects up from the bottom of the depression, it receives the two ends of the
paper upon it which are then held securely by a finger folding down upon them.
The finger is hinged to the top of the paper drum and it closes down into the
groove as the blade of a penknife closes into the handle. The finger may be
of steel wire doubled upon itself, it presses upon the paper on each side of the pin.
I provide a cover for the paper drun which cau be put on to shield it when
exposed to the weather or sea. The cover is attached to the arm of the indicator
and it has a slot in its side through which the pencil or marker projects to the
paper drum within.
Sometimes for high speed indicators I cause the piston rod to extend upwards
through a screw at the top of the body, this screw acting in conjunction with
stops upon the piston rod leaves the piston but a small amount of play either
up or down but by turning the screw by a handle provided for the purpose it can
be raised and lowered and so by degrees the piston may be allowed to complete
its traverse. So a complete diagram can be taken by successive short movements
of the piston.
When the indicator is arranged in this manner the spring can no longer be
applied in the way above described and I substitute two spiral or C springs which
I connect each by one end to a cross piece on the piston rod. The other ends of
the springs attach to the body at points diametrically opposite.
In order to prevent dirt from being carried by the steam into the steam chamber
of the indicator I cause the steam before it enters to be projected from a nozzle
against a wire brush or such like impediment in which the dirt will become
entangled and retained.
Dated this 21st day of September 1891

page_text: Improvements in Indicators such as are used to Ascertain the
Power of Steam Engines.
I, MOSES JOHN WAYNE, of 22 London Road, Grays, in the County of Essex,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
My invention has for its object to simplify and improve the construction of steam
engine indicators.
The annexed drawings show an indicator constructed in accordance with my
invention.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section, in this figure the steam cock and parts
connected therewith are also shewn.
Figure 2 is an elevation, and shows the principal parts of the instrument
separated the one from the other.
Figure 3 is a section on the line 3, 3, in Figure 1.
Figure 4 is an elevation of the cock carrying the pencil arm, the piston and
other parts.
Figure 5 is a section on the line 5, 5, in Figure 4.
Figure 6 is a plan of the bow spring.
Figure 7 is a section on the line 7, 7, in Figure 2.
Figure 8 shews a spring catch connected with the cock.
Figure 9 is an elevation and shows a cover provided when necessary to protect
the paper drum.
Figure 10 is a vertical section showing a modification of a part of the instrument
to adapt it for use with engines which run at unusually high speeds.
Figure 11 is a plan of the double spring shewn in Figure 10.
I make in one piece the following parts, namely the lower body or steam
chamber a which the piston of the indicator enters, the arm 6 which carries the
paper drum and the cone c which adapts the indicator to the steam cock. The
upper body d of the indicator I make cylindrical in form, it screws into or onto the
lower body a.
g
In the upper body is a chamber d¹ which also the piston which is marked e enters
and between the two chambers is the cylinder. The cylinder is a comparatively
narrow ring fitting the piston accurately and terminating at each end in a knife
edge. The cylinder has an exterior flange at its upper end, it drops into a cavity
at the lower end of the upper body and is secured by a ring 9 screwed on and
locking the flange in the cavity. There is a diaphragmn or partition ' fitted into
the upper body through which the piston rod passes and the chamber which is
beneath the partition is provided with a lateral vent d' by which any steam which
leaks past the piston may escape. The cock h which carries the pencil arm is
seated upon the top of the diaphragm or partition and it may form one piece
with it. The side walls of the upper body have openings to permit the cock to
pass through and to move freely over the range required to bring the pencil or
marking point to the paper and withdraw it therefrom. 2 is an adjustable stop
pin on the cock, it comes against the side of the opening and stops the cock when
the pencil or tracer is in position to mark upon the paper. An upper diaphragm i
fits into and closes the top of the body d. There is a boss i¹ upon the
diaphragm i around the piston rod and this forms the upper pivot for the cock, the
axial part of the cock receiving this boss within it. The piston rod passes up
through both diaphragms and through the axial part of the cock and there is a
head suitable to engage with the indicator spring on the upper end of the piston
rod. In place of the ordinary coiled indicator spring 1 employ a blade spring

page_text: having two limbs connected by a bow, one blade engages with the head of the
piston rod with a hinge like joint and the other at a point vertically over the head
engages in like manner with a cap 12. The cap 12 is preferably made of a piece
with the upper diaphragm i. m is a locking ring which secures the diaphragm i in
its place upon the upper body d.
22
The spring is prevented escaping from the cap 2 by a screw the end of which
enters a notch but so as not to interfere with the play of the joint.
A sleeve screwed upon the piston rod and turning freely thereon carries a
sleeve n which is connected with it by a joint which admits of the sleeve whilst
moving with the piston rod also rocking in a plane parallel to the rod. n¹ is the
joint pin. The pencil arm o passes through the sleeve n and can slide in it. o' is
the pencil point or tracer.
The pencil arm also passes through another sleeve p which can rock upon pivots pl
carried by the cock. The rear end of the pencil arm is controlled by a double
link 9 to which it is connected by a pin joint and which compels it to move in a
circular course about centres g¹ gf upon the cock and also prevents the pencil arm
turning in the sleeves. The parts are thus so arranged that a rectilinear movement
of the pencil is obtained parallel to the movement of the piston but of greater
amplitude. Or the necessary endwise movement of the pencil arm through the
sleeves may be obtained by other means.
The paper drum and its cord pulley r' are for lightness made of aluminium,
they fit together in the usual way and they are carried by and able to turn freely
upon a hollow stud axis or pillars which is fixed to the arm of the indicator. The
pillars has a boss s upon it about midway of its length and a sleeve 2 upon the
cord pulley fits and turns upon the part of the pillar above the boss and is retained
by a ring s. Beneath the boss the pillar has a screw threads upon it, it passes
through a hole in the arm and receives a nut * beneath; a pin so prevents the pillar
turning in the hole in which it fits.
Within the hollow pillar s is the spring t for turning the paper drum; it is a
coiled spring, its upper end is made fast to a plug 8 which closes the end of the
sleeve and so it is connected with the paper drum. At its lower end the spring
is fixed to a plug u which fits within the pillar and is prevented from turning by a
stud u'. The stud a projects from the side of the plug and is received into one or
other of a series of notches in the lower end of the pillar.
The tensile action of the spring keeps the plug in place but allows it to be readily
withdrawn to adjust the torsion by shifting the plug from notch to notch.
The paper drum receives movement from the engine in the usual manner by a
cord passing around the cord pulley. There is a stop on the arm which in
conjunction with a stop on the cord pulley limits the movement of the drum to
somewhat less than one revolution.
The guide pulley which controls the cord of the indicator is carried by a
block having a hollow neck through which the cord passes to the sheave of the
paper drum. The neck of the pulley block also turns in the holder and by means
of a clamping screw ² can be locked fast when properly placed.
In the periphery of the paper drum ra trough like depression parallel to the
axis is made extending from the top of the drum nearly to its lower end. A pin 7.5
projects up in the depression, it receives the two ends of the paper upon it which
are then held securely by a finger folding down upon them. The finger is loosely
hinged to the top of the paper drum and it closes down into the groove as the
blade of a penknife closes into the handle. The finger can be slidden end wise a
short distance to insert its point into a socket 7 on the paper drum, and so it is
retained. The action of indicators of this class is so generally known that it need
not now be described. The finger may be of steel wire.
I provide a cover for the paper drum such as is shown by Figure 9 which can be
put on to shield it when exposed to the weather or sea. The cover is attached to
the arm of the indicator and it has a slot w in its side through which the pencil or
marker projects to the paper drum within.

page_text: In the arrangements shown by the drawing a square ended stem M fixed to the
cover enters a hole formed to fit it in the arm of the indicator.
Sometimes for high speed indicators I cause the piston rod as is seen in Figure 10
to extend upwards through a screw A carried by a cap at the top of the body of
the indicator: this screw acting in conjunction with stops B' B2 upon the piston
rod leaves the piston but a small amount of play either up or down but by turning
the screw by a handle A' provided for the purpose it can be raised and lowered and
so by degrees the piston may be allowed to complete its traverse. So'a complete
diagram can be taken by successive short movements of the piston.
Oscillation arising from the momentum of the moving parts are thus avoided;
but as in my indicator the moving parts are light it is only for extreme speeds that
this precaution need be resorted to.
When the indicator is arranged in this manner the spring can no longer be
applied in the way above described and I substitute two spiral or C springs C¹ C²
which I connect each by one end to a cross piece D on the piston rod. The other
ends of the springs I attach to the body at points diametrically opposite, this I do
by means of a ring E which screws on to the diaphragm i. The two points of
attachment on this ring serve as fulcrums for the springs and the piston rod works
up and down between them.
In order to prevent dirt from being carried by the steam into the steam chamber
of the indicator I cause the steam before it enters to be projected from a nozzle F
(see Figure 1) against a wire brush G or such like impediment in which the dirt
will become entangled and retained.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
The improved indicator and its subsiduary parts and fittings substantially as
described, of which the novel features are:-
(a) The lower body or chamber which the piston enters, the arm which carries
the paper drum and the cone which adapts the indicator to the steam cock, all
forming parts of one and the same piece of metal.
(b) The upper body having at its lower end the annulus which constitutes the
cylinder and also carrying two diaphragms, the cock for the pencil arm between
the diaphragms and the indicator spring above the cock.
(c) The two-limbed bow spring hinge jointed to the top of the piston rod and to
a cap or fulcrum above it.
(d) The arrangement by which the rectilinear movement of the pencil or tracer
is obtained viz.: the sleeve n carried upon the piston rod, the sleeve p pivotted
upon the cock and the link q or its equivalent compelling a suitable longitudinal
movement of the pencil arm through the sleeves.
(e) The aluminium paper drum and cord pulley.
(f) The arrangement for attaching the paper to the paper drum viz. :—the longi-.
tudinal groove or depression, the hinged finger folding down into this depression
and means for securing the end of the finger.
(9) The block with its hollow neck for the passage of the cord to the guide
pulley v.
(h) The cover enclosing the paper drum, slotted lougitudinally to allow the
pencil or tracer to pass through and with a stem attaching the cover to the indicator
arm but so as to admit of its ready removal.
(i) The modification by which the indicator is adapted to work at extreme
speeds, viz.: the stop for the upper end of the piston rod, through which the rod
passes but which allows a very limited play and the screw upon the stop so arranged
that by turning it the stop can be traversed and made to take different positions
whilst the indicator is at work.
(k) The double C spring attached to the head of the piston rod and to fulcrums
or supports between which the rod moves.

page_text: (1) The appliance by which dirt is arrested consisting of a brush or entanglement
and passages so arranged that the steam passing to the indicator is compelled to
change its direction whilst passing through the brush or entanglement.
Dated this 20th day of June 1895.
MOSES JOHN WAYNE.