Furposesnd th п
Year: 1889

page_text: Furposes аnd thе пке.
I, JOSEPH MARCH WEBSTER, of 22 Waverley Road, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Timber Morchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in machines for producing shavings,
especially such as are employed for packing goods, and for other like purposes.
The object of my improvements is to construct a machine which shall produce the
shavings more readily and rapidly than has bitherto been done.
The manner in which this object is attained may be understood by the following
description of my experimental machine, and the modification of parts thereof,
reference being had to the drawings which form part of this specification. Liko letters
of reference refer to corresponding parts throughout.
Figure 1 is a front elevation.
Figure 2 an end elevation, and
Figure 3 a plan of my machine, with parts removed.
Figure 4 is a back elevation of details of the feeding device.
Figure 5 a plan of the tool box.
Figure 6 a section of same on line x a, Figure 5.
Figure 7 a plan of a portion of the plane iron or knife.
Figure 8 a plan of the underside of a device, hereinafter described, for tightening
the block in the carrier.
Figures 9 to 12 modifications of the longitudinal cutters or scorers, and the means
of mounting and actuating same.
Figures 13 and 14 are a plan of the underside and a transverse section respectively,
of an arrangement for securing a series of boards in the carrier.
In these :-
A, is a base or bed plate which may be fastened to the floor by means of bolts
passed through suitable openings such as A¹. Standing on and fixed to this bed plate
is a vertical standard B, preferably of cast iron and strengthened by suitable ribs, as
Price T

page_text: shown. This standard is preferably set back 'some distance on the bed plate A, and
has bolted or screwed to its top a projecting or overhanging plate B', also suitably
strengthened. This plate B' is in plan the shape of an inverted T, and the stem of
same being fastened to the top of the standard B, the two overhanging arms jut
out on either side in a direction corresponding with the greater length of the
machine. The lower surface and longitudinal edges of said overhanging portion of
plate B¹ are planed true so as to form bevelled guides, which serve to support and
guide the wood carrier C, hereafter described. The plate B¹ is also supported from
below by suitable standards 6 resting on the bed plate A.
The wood carrier C hangs, as aforesaid, from the plate B¹, and is reciprocated
thereon by means of a lever or connecting rod C¹ which receives its motion from any
suitable source, such as a crank, as shown.
The piece of wood from which the shavings are to be cut is held in its carrier,
proferably by means of two dull knife edges or rebates c², which enter a short way
into its ends. One or both of these knife edges may be adjustable. The method of
adjustment which I prefer, is shown in detail in Figure 8, in which C is the underside
of the wood carrier provided with an oblique shoulder c. c¹ is a loose plate which has
its dull knife edge at right angles with the sides of the carrier, but its back odge
fitting and sliding against the shoulder c. To tighten the knife edge against the
wood, it is only necessary to turn the screw Cs which is mounted in a bracket o³
attached to the carrier C. This forces the knife edge c² forward against and into
the wood, and it may be then hold in place by means of bolts (** working in
grooves c¹.
Instead of employing one block or pieco of wood for the production of the shavings,
it may, at times, be found advisable to use a number of boards placed side by side, the
shavings being removed from their edges. To secure the boards to the carrier U, an
arrangement such as described in Figures 13 and 14 may be employed. R is a frame
or plate which is provided at its sides, and preferably at both ends, with projecting
flanges ». The plate is adapted to be attached in any suitable manner to the underside
of the carrier C. R R are a series of rods or spindles which run transversely across
the face of the plate R, being capable of turning freely in suitable bearings in the
side flanges 7. The spindles are prevented from moving longitudinally, by collars
or their equivalent. Each of the spindles is screwed near one end, as at, and is
provided at one or both ends with flat sides or similar device by means of which a
handle or key may be applied to it for the purpose of turning it. On the screwed
part there rides a plate or nut which is prevented from turning thereon, by
reason of its contact with the under face of the plate R. R³ R³ are a series of strips
of thin sheet metal, which are threaded upon the spindles R, and can slide freely
upon the same. The strips R2 are roughened or punctured on their faces. Each of
the boards S is placed with its upper edges between two strips R2, and the spindles R¹
are then turned so that the nuts are run along them, and squeeze the boards tightly
between the strips R2. If desired, the above gripping arrangement could be mounted
directly upon the carrier C instead of upon a separate plate R.
The horizontal table D, which carries the knife and cutters hereafter described, is
mounted upon the standard B and is capable of an up-and-down movement upon the
guides on same. It is supported and worked vertically by a screw d (Figure 2)
engaging a nut d' cast or fastened on the back of the table D. A slot d, Figure 1,
is provided in the standard B for this nut d' to project through to the back. The screw d
is turned either by hand, by means of a hand wheel d³, or else through the medium of
a pair of bevel wheels d, which receive their motion from a ratchet wheel E,
mounted in bracket E', or from a friction wheel or other suitable device. I prefer
to impart an intermittent motion to this wheel E (see Figure 4) from a cam or
revolving tappet on the main shaft of the machine by means of a connecting rod E'
acting through a pawl e supported and moved by a lever E³. The travel of lever Es
is preferably adjustable as shown, by means of a bolt e' on the end of rod E and
working in a slot e in lever ³. ▲ spring pivoted or counterweighted check
pawl E is also provided to prevent back lash in the ratchet wheel. Any suitable

page_text: arrangement of levers or gearing might be employed for transmitting the movement
of the driving shaft to the feed screw d.
The cutting and scoring tools are preferably mounted in a removable tool box F,
and they consist of a transverse cutting iron or knife G, which (on the forward motion
of the carrier) detaches a shaving from the wood thereon, and of a series of cutters
which slit or score the wood longitudinally before being shaved. These cutters will
be more particularly described hereafter.
The plane iron G (Figures 1, 5, 6 and 7) is flat with a bevelled edge, and is pre-
ferably set obliquely in the tool box at an angle of about 45 degrees to the upper
surface of the table D. Its height therein can be adjusted by means of two screws F¹,
These
whose heads F engage slots F3 (Figure 7) in the lower edge of the iron G.
screws turn in lugs on the side of the box F. When the iron has been screwed
to the proper height, it is fastened firmly in place by means of bolts or set screws H,
screwed into or otherwise secured to the box F. Slots H¹ are provided in the iron to
allow of the up-and-down motion of the same upon bolts H.
The cutters for splitting up the shavings are preferably formed of small pieces of
sheet steel, which are sharp on one or both edges. They may be mounted in the tool
box in a variety of ways. One mode of mounting them is shown in Figure 9. In
this Figure a bar I, preferably rectangular in 'cross section, is provided with a dove-
tailed groove along its top, and the cutters J are placed side by side in this groove,
which they are made to fit. They may, if desirable, have distance pieces J', which
serve to maintain a space between them, corresponding to the desired width of the
shavings. Or the thickness of the metal forming the cutters may be such as to keep
their cutting edges the proper distance apart, as seen in Figure 11. The square or
rectangular ends of the bar i fit (in the case of fixed cutters) into corresponding holes
or recesses in the tool box F, being held in place by means of plates such as K' and
bolts K or otherwise. Or the slot in bar 1, may, instead of being dovetailed as in
Figure 9, have perpendicular sides as in Figures 10 and 11, and the said slot may
extend either partly through or right through the bar as shown. Or the bar I could
be suppressed, and a similar slot could be made in the top of the tool box F. The
lance shafted cutters J, which fit the slot neatly, may extend through the bar as shown,
and they may be secured within the slot by any suitable device, such as by set screwsj.
This method of mounting the cutters renders it possible to readily adjust each of them
vertically without removing them from the bar.
Or the cutters may be formed of square pieces of sheet metal M, as in Figures 5, 6
and 12. They may be mounted on a square bar I, either with or without distance
pieces or washers M between them, as in the case of the lance cutters J. in Figure 9.
The bar 1 is, in this case, preferably provided with a square head I, which fits in a
recess in the tool box. When a sufficient number of cutters has been threaded on to
the bar I, a block or washer K is slid on to the bar, and a nut 0 screwed on its end
compresses the cutters firmly between it and the head I. Or a tapered cotter or
wedge might be employed instead of the nut O. The block K is preferably made of
the same size and shape as the head I³, so as to fit a similar bearing at the opposite end
of the tool box.
If desired, any of these sets of cutters may be movable so as to project above the
table D, while the wood travels one way, and be withdrawn before or during its return.
In this case an arm P, Figures 9 and 12, oscillated by means of a connecting rod Qor
its equivalent, is attached to the end of bar I, the ends of the latter being rounded so
as to turn in bearing blocks, which may take the place of head I and block K. Motion
for this operation may be obtained from the main shaft or other suitable point or
points. It will be evident that other ways of actuating these cutters might be
employed.
The mode of action is as follows:-
The timber being fixed in the carrier C, the table D is screwed up till the knife G
touches the lower surface of the former, the feed pawl e is put in gear, and the machine
d strokes the timshon in first corned be the authors I or№ and

page_text: which fall below the table. During the return stroke or on the completion of the
same, the table is fed upwards, in readiness for the next cut. The cutters, when
movable, may be depressed either during the return movement, or at the commence-
ment of the same.
It will be obvious, that, if desired, the cutting and scoring can be performed during
the incoming stroke of the carrier, in which case the tool box will be reversed in the
table. Also the shaving operation may be performed during the forward stroke, and
the scoring during the roturn stroke or vice versa, the raising and lowering of the
movable cutters being timed accordingly.
Also the relative positions of the table D and carrier C might be changed, so that
the latter could work below or at the side of the table.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. In a machine for producing shavings for packing purposes and. the like, a rela-
tively stationary table having a feed in the direction of the wood carrier, and carrying
a plane iron and a series of cutters or scorers approximately at right angles to the
cutting plane of the plane iron, in combination with a reciprocating wood carrier passing
the wood to and fro past or against the aforesaid table, plane iron, and cutters,
substantially as described.
2. In combination with a reciprocating wood carrier such as heroin described, a
stationary, but if desirable, retractable and adjustable cutter bar, having a longitudinal
groove or slot such as described, in which there is mounted a series of projecting
cutters, either with or without an alternating series of suitable distance pieces, sub-
stantially as and for the purposes specified.
3. In combination with a reciprocating wood carrier such as herein described, a
stationary or retractile cutter har upon which there is threaded a series of projecting
rectangular or polygonal cutters, such as described, either with or without an
alternating series of distance pieces, substantially as and for the purposes specified.
4. In a shaving machine such as herein described, the arrangement of dull knife
edges or rebates, either one or both being adjustable, for securing the wood to the
reciprocating carrier C, substantially as described and shown.
5. In a shaving machine such as herein described the arrangement of the adjustable
strips R' and the device for adjusting the same, whereby a series of boards may be
firmly secured to the reciprocating carrier C, substantially as described and shown.
6. The general arrangement and combination of parts forming a shaving machine,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
Dated this 92w1 day of Janua1000