IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS FOR CRUSHING AND GRINDING WHEAT AND OTHER GRAIN."
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Tye, of the Town and County of Lincoln,
Engineer. for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS FOR CRUSHING
AND GRINDING WHEAT AND OTHER GRAIN."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Tye at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th September
*1865.
I, JOHN TYE, of the Town and County of Lincoln, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS FOR
CRUSHING AND GRINDING WHEAT AND OTHER GRAIN," to be as follows:-
My improvements relate to mills in which two stones are employed for grind-
ing or crushing, the one heretofore being stationary and called the bed stone,
and the other revolving and constituting the runner; now my improvements
consist in so furnishing and mounting the stones that they shall both revolve,
whereby I am enabled to perform a greater amount of work with the mill,
and the material being ground is more rapidly reduced and retained a less
length of time in the mill. I prefer to mount the lower stone on a tubular
shaft, by which it is driven by any suitable gear, while the top stone is
mounted on a spindle passing up the hollow of the tubular spindle, and driven
from the same first mover. To each stone I give a degree of speed that may
be best suited for the material under operation; for instance, a slow speed
may be, given to the bed stone, while at the same time the top stone may revolve
Price 8d.1.

page_text: rapidly, or vice versa, or both may revolve rapidly or at medium velocity in
opposite directions..
The stones or grinding surfaces may be otherwise disposed than as above.
described, but in every case both stones or grinding surfaces are to be
rotated.
TO ALL TO WHOM THE
PRESENTS SHALL COME, I. JOHN TYE.
of the Town and County of Lincoln, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria. by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself. Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said John Tye, Her special licence that I, the said John Tye, my exccutors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Tye, my exe-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafier during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kindom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS FOR CRUSHING AND
GRINDING WHEAT AND OTHER GRAIN," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said John Tye, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Paient.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Tyre, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed.
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
My improvements relate to mills in which two stones are employed for
grinding or crushing, the one being stationary and called the bed stone, the
other revolving and constituting the runner, Now my improvements consist,

page_text: in so furnishing and mounting the stones that they shall both revolve, whereby
I am enabled to perform a greater amount of work with the mill, while the
material being ground is more rapidly reduced and retained a less length of
time between the grinding surfaces. I prefer to mount the lower stone on a
tubular shaft, by which it is driven by any suitable gear, while the top stone
is mounted on a spindle passing up the hollow of the tubular spindle and
driven from the same first mover. To each stone I give a degree of speed
that may be best suited for the material under operation for instance, a slow
speed may be given to the bed stone, while at same time the top stone may
revolve rapidly, or vice versa, or both may revolve rapidly or at a medium
velocity.
The stones or grinding surfaces may be otherwise disposed than as above
described. but in every case both stones or grinding surfaces are to be
rotated,
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 represents an elevation of a mill arranged and constructed according
to my Invention. while Fig. 2 represents a central vertical section of the
saine.
A and B are the stones or grinding surfaces enclosed in a suitable casing C
as usual, but in which the lower or bed stone B is usually stationary, whereas
in this arrangement it is free to rotate, and is mounted and bolted on a disc a
forming the top of a hollow shaft D: this shaft rotates in suitable bearings
b, d, carried by bridge pieces stretched across the frame: the lower end of the
tubular shaft D is furnished with a bevil wheel gearing with the pinion F
fixed on the driving shaft H running in the bearings e and f, and fitted with
fast and loose strap riggers and K. The top stone A is mounted on its
shaft L in the ordinary manner of mounting mill stones, as seen, and therefore
need not be particularly described. The shaft L is fitted to rotate within the
hollow of the shaft D. and is furnished with a hevil wheel M which also gears
with the pinion, and is therefore in communication with the driving power simul-
taneously with the lower stone B; the shaft 1. may have its upper bearing
surface entirely in the hollow of the shaft D. or it may be partly therein and
partly in the bearing d. forming the step for the shaft D. in the bottom of
which I dispose a ring of hard steel as a wearing surface; this ring is round
in its cross section, as seen in Fig. 2. and recessed into the bearing d. and
Instead of ring a series of steel balls
partly into the bottom of shaft D.
may be substituted.
In the arrangement shown in the Drawings both stones rotate at the same

page_text: velocity in contrary directions. By this means a great amount of surface speed
and grinding action is produced without any excessive speed of either stone.
Thus supposing each stone to be driven at the ordinary velocity of driving the
runner in ordinary mills, the surface action is at once doubled; this, however.
may be diminished as may be considered desirable. P. P. is the base:
Q. Q. four uprights, and R. the entablature constituting the framework:
S. the hopper for the feed, which is regulated in the usual manner. The
shaft L is mounted on a step bearing at bottom. resting on a cross bar
supported from the regulating screw. whereby the cut of the stones is set as
well understood. The stones may be variously mounted and the gear arranged
to give different speeds to the stones, but which should be always in opposite
directions.
The arrangement and construction of such variations will be readily
understood by persons conversant with mill work. and therefore unneces
sary to further illustrate; at same time I may observe that I believe
gearing the stones to move at equal velocities, as herein-before described. to
be the simplest and best arrangement.
Having described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be protected
by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, mounting and fitting
millstones so that they both rotate for the purposes and as herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Tye, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Nineteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.