Year: 1885

page_text: I, JOHN MOUNTGOMERY COLLINS of 45 Bartholomew Street, Glasgow in the
County of Lanark, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
This invention which relates to looms for weaving flowered or sprigged fabrics
has for its object to effect such weaving by improved mechanism positive in its
action and by the operation of which a large saving in the colored yarn employed
in producing the flower or sprig is effected.
The apparatus constituting the invention consists of two bars each carrying a
series of needles whose positions and width apart on the bars are adjustable. One
of the bars is situated above the other and the needles carried by it have their.
points flattened and bent horizontally at right angles to the stems two holes being
made in the bent part in the direction of its length through which holes the
colored wefts to form the flower are passed the yarns constituting the said wefts
and of which there is one for every needle in operation being wound on bobbins or
pirns carried on a frame or board.
The needles carried by the second or lower bar have also their points hooked or
bent the hooks pointing downwards at right angles vertically to their stems and
also to the bent parts of the needles first referred to or for some classes of work
the needles used in the second needle bar may be of the class employed in ordinary
knitting frames.
Both needle bars are carried in the upper ends of levers whose lower extremities
are centred on a shaft running parallel to the breadth of the loom and to move the
upper needle bar laterally into and out of position a grooved cam situated on a
wyper shaft so acts on one end of a lever centred on the loom frame as to cause
its opposite end which has a clutch or fork to move the needle bar carrying shaft
laterally in both directions.
To operate the needle bars backwards and forwards another cam situated on the
wyper shaft so actuates a lever centred on the needle bar carrying shaft as to turn
the said shaft through an arc.
To throw the wyper shaft and needle bars out of operation a clutch is employed
the said clutch being operated by a lever connected to a dobbie, pattern barrel or
other pattern mechanism.

page_text: The action of the apparatus is as follows:-When the needle bars have been
thrown forward into position for weaving the hooks of the under needles catch the
weft yarns at the holes or eyes in the points of the upper needles and move back
with them to the fell of the cloth the needles which have no lateral movement but
are held in position by guide brackets at each end being there raised by a cam
movement.
By another cam movement acting on the guides the under needle bar may have
imparted to it successive increments of motion in each direction so as to form
figured or scolloped selvedges on the pattern stripe.
To form a chain or button stitch on the scollop an additional horizontal shaft
with two uprights to carry the second. needle bar before referred to may be
provided the said needle bar having in such case a longer motion and the needles
employed therein being of the construction used in knitting frames. When such
needles are used in the under bar the eyes or holes in the points of the needles in
the top bar are turned upwards so that the knitting needles passing sufficiently
through between the said bent needles and the yarn will hook the yarn and draw.
a loop of it through the loop previously formed.
The second cam shaft of the loom constructed as described and which is geared
three to one from the crank shaft has on it a side throw cam acting on the point
of a lever carried by a bracket secured to the cross or back rail. The lower part
of the lever is connected to a clutch lever on one end of the under wyper shaft the
effect of operating which is to disengage the main driving wheel and to cause the
peck to miss one shot whilst the colored-yarn is-being-passed through the shed
formed for flowering so that the ground weft may be prevented from mixing with
the said flowering yarn.
The apparatus hereinbefore described may also be used for weaving spot or loop
fabrics.

page_text: Improvements in Looms for Weaving Flowered Fabrics.
I, JOHN MOUNTGOMERY COLLINS, of 45 Bartholomew Street, Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention which relates to looms for weaving looped, flowered or sprigged
fabrics has for its object to carry out such weaving by improved mechanism
positive in its action and by the operation of which a large saving in the colored
yarn employed in producing the loop, flower or sprig is effected.
.
The apparatus constituting the invention is illustrated on the appended drawings
figure 1, being a front elevation, figure 2 an end elevation, and figure 3 a plan of
a loom frame showing the position of the several parts of the mechanism in one
adaptation whilst figure 4 is a plan illustrative of another adaptation hereinafter
more particularly described.
Referring to figures 1, 2 and 3 the apparatus consists of two bars a, b, each
supporting a series of needles which are carried in holders and clamped to the bars
by screws or other equivalent means the positions of the needles in the lengths of
the bars and the distances between them being adjustable as desired.
The bar a, which is square, is situated above the bar b, which is round, and the
needles c, carried or supported by the bar a, have or may have their points flattened
and bent horizontally and at right angles to their stems as indicated at figure 5
two holes d, d¹, being made in the bent part in the direction of its length through
which the colored wefts to form the loops or flowers are passed.
The yarns
constituting the said wefts, and of which there is one for every needle in operation,
are wound on bobbins or pirns carried on spindles fixed in a frame or board in
front of the loom and under the breast beam, that is to say, below the line of the
needles the yarns passing up from the said pirns or bobbins through the holes d,
and thence down through the holes d¹, in the needles c.
The needles e, carried by the lower bar b, have also, as seen at figure 6, their
points hooked or bent the hook being downwards or at right angles to the.
horizontal stems of the needles and also at right angles to the flat parts at the
points or outer ends of the needles c. The hooks of the needles e, are made by
simply bending the points downwards or for some classes of work, as for example,
for button stitch work, the needles e, may be of the barbed class employed in
ordinary knitting frames.
Both needle bars a, b, are carried in eyes or bearings in the upper ends of two
levers f, whose lower extremities are centred on a shaft g, running parallel to the
breadth of the loom the needle bar a, besides a forward and backward movement
communicated to it by the said levers, baving also a lateral or endwise movement
into and out of position for delivering the wefts to the needles e, the bar b, carrying.
which has a forward and backward movement merely.
To operate the needle bar backwards and forwards, that is to say, towards the
back and front of the loom, one end of a lever h, is keyed upon the shaft g, the
other end of the said lever, as more particularly seen at figure 3, being provided.

page_text: with a roller i, centred on a pin or stud passing through a slotted eye formed in
the lever. The roller i, bears upon the periphery of a cam j, which, as indicated at
figure 2, has a part ³, of lesser radius than the remainder of its circumference.
When the roller i, is acted upon by the major part of the cam the shaft g, is turned
through an arc towards the front of the loom which has the effect of also moving
the levers f, and needle bars a, b, in the same direction but when the part j¹, of the
cam comes opposite the roller that end of the lever h, carrying the roller i, is drawn
downwards by the action of a helical or other spring one end of which is connected
to the lever and the other to the floor and this movement of the lever h, rocks
the shaft g, and with it the levers f, and needle bars a, b, towards the back of
the loom.
The lower needle bar is prevented from moving laterally or end wise by stops 1,
bolted or otherwise secured to the loom frame and to effect the endwise movement
of the upper needle bar a, a grooved cam k, situated on a counter shaft m, supported
in brackets n, from the loom frame is provided. The shaft m is geared by the
spur gearing o, with the driving shaft p of the loom and into the grooved cam k,
one end of a lever q, is geared the other end of the said lever being forked to
receive the neck of a clutch r, secured on the shaft g. The lever q, is centred on
a bracket 8, bolted to the cross rail t, and to enable the endwise or lateral motion
of the shaft g, and needle bar a, to be adjusted to any desired extent the palm of
the bracket is formed with a slot in which a piece t¹, figure 3 slides. The piece t¹,
has a hole in it through which a stud or pin, acting as the fulcrum of the lever,
passes, one end of the pin being screwed and a nut placed upon it to maintain the
apparatus in position. As a further means of adjustment the lever q, itself has a
series of holes made in it through one of which the pin or fulcrum passes the
approximate lateral throw or movement of the needle bar a, being determined
according to the hole in the lever through which the fulcrum is passed whilst the
definite adjustment is subsequently regulated by shifting the position of the sliding
piece t', in the bracket 8.
To enable the needle bars a, b, to be thrown entirely out of action when the loom
is to be employed in plain weaving the spur wheel o, is geared to the counter
shaft m, by a clutch n, in conjunction with which a lever v, centred on a bracket v¹
is provided, one end of the lever being forked to receive the neck of the clutch and
the other end connected to a helical or other spring w, and also to a dobbie, pattern
barrel or other pattern mechanism which at the required times disengages the
clutch against the resistance of the spring.
F
:-
The action of the apparatus hereinbefore described is as follows:-
When the needle bars a, b, have been thrown forward into position for weaving,
the hooks of the under needles e, catch the weft yarns at the eyes or holes d', in
the points of the upper needles c, and move back with the said yarns to the fell of
the cloth the needles being then raised to free the yarn by the action of the moving
needle bar on a suitably shaped stationary surface. By another cam movement
acting on the guides l, which in that case are fitted in slides, the under needle bar b
may have imparted to it successive increments of motion in each direction so as to
form figured or scolloped selvedges on the pattern stripe and to form a chain or
button hole stitch on the scollop an additional horizontal shaft with two uprights
or levers to carry the second needle bar b, may be provided the said needle bar
having in such case a longer motion and the needles employed therein being of the
construction used in knitting frames. When such needles are employed in the
under bar b, the eyes or holes d, in the points of the needles in the bar a, are turned
upwards so that the knitting needles e, passing sufficiently through between the
said bent needles c, and the yarn, will hook the yarn and draw a loop of it through
the loop previously formed. In adapting the invention to the weaving of loop
fabrics the under needle bar with its needles is dispensed with and as seen in plan
at figure 4, in weaving flowered or spot fabrics the countershaft g, which is geared
at o, three to one from the crank shaft, has on it, besides the cams ; and k, for
producing the forward and backward movements of the needle bars a, b, and the

page_text: end wise movement of the needle bar a, as herein before described a side throw
cam x, which acts on the upper end of a lever y, centred on a bracket y¹ secured
to the cross rail t. The lower end of the lever y, is connected by a wire, cord or
rod to the under extremity of a clutch lever y centred on a bracket the upper end
of the said lever being forked to receive a clutch z on the under wyper shaft the
effect of operating which is to disengage the main driving wheel 21 and to cause
the pick to miss one shot whilst the coloured yarn is being passed through the
shed formed for flowering so that the ground weft may be prevented. from mixing
with the said flowering yarn.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. In looms for weaving flowered spot and loop fabrics the general arrangement
and combination of parts constituting the apparatus herein before described with
reference to the appended drawings.
2. In looms for weaving flowered or spot fabrics the combination of the shaft g,
and its cams j, k, and x, with apparatus for actuating the needle bars and for
disengaging the main driving wheel substantially as and for the purposes set forth
with reference to the drawings annexed.
3. In looms for weaving the class of fabrics set forth the combination of the
shaft lever h, and cam j for rocking the needle bars substantially as described.
4. In looms for weaving the class of fabrics set forth the combination of the
cam k, lever t, shaft g and levers f for reciprocating the needle bar a, substantially
as described.
5. In looms of the class set forth the combination of the cam a, levers y, y' and
clutch s substantially as and for the purpose described.
Dated this fourth day of August 1886
CRUIKSHANK & FAIRWEATHER,
Agents.