An Improved Device for Spraying or Atomizing Liquids.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 10th July. 1896
Complete Specification Left, 10th Apr., 1897-Accepted, 15th May, 1897
[Communicated from abroad by FRIEDRICH PICH, 41 Haidestrasse, Berlin, Engineer,
and T. H. EHRENBERG and P. ELLERHOLZ, of the Firm of Ehrenberg & Co.,
Bankers, 100 Zimerstrasse, Berlin.]
An Improved Device for Spraying or Atomizing Liquids.
I, HUGH DONALD FITZPATRICK, of 70 Wellington Street, Glasgow, Registered
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The apparatus hitherto used for spraying water and other liquids have the defects
that those which efficiently fulfil their object are too complicated in their construction
and require too high a pressure to work them properly, whilst the degree of fineness
of the water spray cannot be regulated. Further, when the outlets become choked
or stopped up, the obstructing matter cannot be readily removed without interfering
with the working of the apparatus. On the other hand the apparatuses which are
simple in construction do not give a spraying or sprinkling action and are useless
for many industrial purposes.
It is not to be understood that every practical apparatus which produces a fine
spraying or sprinkling action, possesses all the defects before referred to but they
usually possess a certain number of them which the present invention is designed to
remedy.
In an apparatus for spraying liquids, the important feature to be considered is
the pressure at which it is to be worked and which depends greatly on its con-
struction. If the liquid under pressure has but a very slight amount of friction
to overcome inside the atomizer only a very small portion of the pressure will be
consumed for that purpose and more will be left to produce the atomization. But
in order to fully utilize this pressure it is necessary to reduce the great mobility
of the water molecules in an open space, that is to say, the atomization must be
effected in a closed space which is simply provided with an outlet for the atomized
liquid.
A perfect atomizer must have as few frictional surfaces as possible and the liquid
must be atomized within the shortest possible distance from the orifice. It must
moreover, have an adjustable outlet in order to obtain, according to requirements,
a fine or coarse spray, and, further, it must be so constructed that obstructions
can be removed in the shortest time without interfering with the operation of the
apparatus.
I construct an apparatus to fulfil all these conditions as follows:-
I use a hollow body which is tightly secured to the end of the water pipe and
which has a lid or cover provided with a conical outlet in its centre. Situated within
the body is a plug preferably of triangular shape and which has a convex head or
top. The plug fits into and is guided by the inner walls of the body.
The convex head allows the liquid to reach the outlet without any appreciable
loss of pressure and owing to the shape of the head the liquid also has a tendency
to depress the plug and move it away from the outlet against the action of a spring
fitted on a screw inserted in the body. A second screw which enters a recess made
with an inclined floor in the plug is also used for regulating the height of the plug
within the body and consequently for regulating the degree of fineness of the spray.
For temporary adjustment a nut is provided on this second screw.

page_text: By moving the plug upwards a fine spray is produced, whilst, by moving it-
downwards, a coarse spray is produced.
The arrangement for adjusting the plug can be obviously varied.
The arrangement can be used as a nozzle for water jets and for hoses for
watering plants. The water jets can be made to form a fine. spray or rain if so
desired.
When watering plants the character of the jet of water may be made to suit the
different kinds of plants.
The apparatus is very suitable for factories as any obstructions can be quickly
removed by adjusting the plug so as to deliver a stronger spray for a short time
until all obstructing particles are swept away.
H. D. FITZPATRICK,
70 Wellington Street, Glasgow.
An Improved Device for Spraying or Atomizing. Liquids.
I, HUGH DONALD FITZPATRICK, of 70 Wellington Street, Glasgow, Registered
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
The apparatuses hitherto used for spraying water and other liquids have the
defects that those which efficiently fulfil their object are too complicated in their
construction and require too high a pressure to work them properly, whilst the
degree of fineness of the water spray cannot be regulated. Further, when the
outlets become choked or stopped up, the obstructing matter cannot be readily
removed without interfering with the working of the apparatus. On the other
hand the apparatuses which are simple in construction do not give a spraying or
sprinkling action and are useless for many industrial purposes.
It is not to be understood that every practical apparatus which produces a fine
spraying or sprinkling action possesses all the defects before referred to but they
usually possess a certain number of them which the present invention is designed to
remedy.
In an apparatus for spraying liquids the important feature to be considered is the
pressure at which it is to be worked and which depends greatly on its construction.
If the liquid under pressure has but a very slight amount of friction to overcome,
inside the atomizer, only a very small portion of the pressure will be consume for
that purpose, and more will be left to produce the atomization. But in order to fully
utilize this pressure it is necessary to reduce the great mobility of the water molecules
in an open space, that is to say, the atomization must be effected in a closed space
which is simply provided with an outlet for the atomized liquid.
A perfect atomizer must have as few frictional surfaces as possible and the liquid
must be atomized within the shortest possible distance from the orifice. It must,
moreover, have an adjustable outlet in order to obtain, according to requirements, a
fine or coarse spray, and, further, it must be so constructed that obstructions can be
removed in the shortest time without interfering with the operation of the apparatus.
And in order that my said invention may be properly understood I have hereunto
appended an explanatory sheet of drawings, whereon:-
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section and Fig. 2 an inverted plan view of the improved
device.
In carrying out my invention I preferably use a hollow body or cylinder A which

page_text: is provided at its top with a conical aperture a and is secured to the end of the pipe-
containing the water or other liquid under pressure.
Situated within the body or cylinder A is a plug B preferably of triangular shape
and having a convex head or top b'. This plug fits into and is guided by the inner
walls of the body or cylinder A.
The convex head 6 allows the liquid to reach the aperture a without any appreciable-
loss of pressure and owing to the shape of the head the liquid also has a tendency
to depress the plug B and move it away from the aperture a against the action of a.
spring arranged in said plug and resting on the screw e which latter passes through.
a slot f in the plug as shown at Fig. 1. A second screw C, which enters a slot.
provided with an inclined floor c at the opposite side of the plug B, is used for
regulating the height of the plug within the body or cylinder A and consequently
for regulating the degree of fineness of the spray.
For temporary adjustment a jam nut d is provided on this second screw C.
By allowing the plug B to move upwards by turning back the screw C a fine-
spray is produced whilst by moving the plug downwards by screwing up the screw C
a coarse spray is produced, or, in other words, the smaller the distance between
the top of the cylinder A and the convex head 6' of the plug B, the thinner will.
be the disc shaped film of liquid which meets in the centre of the convex head b¹ and
diffuses there through the aperture a. In this way the full force of the pressure
is used for the diffusion and the liquid is energetically thrown out through the
aperture a in a very fine spray.
The arrangement for adjusting the plug B can be obviously varied without
departing from my invention.
The device can be used as an ordinary nozzle for water jets as the diffusion of
the liquid becomes slighter when the plug B is moved downwards in the cylinder A
and will stop entirely whenever a certain distance downwards is obtained.
With this device the jet of a fountain can be thrown out at will in the finest spray,
or as a light or heavy rain, or in a full jet.
When watering plants the character of the jet of water may be made to suit the
different kinds of plants.
The apparatus is very suitable for factories as any obstructions can be quickly
removed by adjusting the plug so as to deliver a strong spray or jet for a length of
time sufficient to clear away all obstructing particles.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
consider novel and desire to claim is :-
1. A device for spraying or atomizing liquids consisting of a hollow cylinder
provided with a discharge aperture and a movable plug arranged in the cylinder for
regulating the discharge, substantially as hereinbefore described.
2. In a device for spraying or atomizing liquids, a hollow cylinder (A), a movable
plug (B) fitted within the same, and means for adjusting said plug at will so that
the distance between it and the discharge aperture (a) may be increased or decreased,
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
3. The combination of the cylinder (A), the plug (B), the spring (6), the screw (e),.
the slot in the wall of said plug having an inclined floor (c) and a regulating
screw (C) substantially as herein before described with reference to the drawings.
annexed.
D
13005
H. D. FITZPATRICK,
70 Wellington Street, Glasgow.