аци other Brakes on Railway Locomotives and Vehicles.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Apr.,. 1886.
Complete Left, 24th Jan., 1887. ..
Complete Accepted, 7th Apr., 1887.
Appau
vacuum, mir аци
other Brakes on Railway Locomotives and Vehicles.
We, WILLIAM ROBERT ANDERSON of 62 Westmoreland Street, Darlington, Engine
Driver, and JOHN RAINE of 4 Frederic Street, Sunderland, Coal and Iron Merchant,
both in the County of Durham do hereby declare the nature of our invention for
AUTOMATICALLY APPLYING STEAM, VACUUM, AIR OR OTHER BRAKES ON RAILWAY
LOCOMOTIVES AND VEHICLES to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object to provide an appliance whereby the Brakes of
Railway Locomotives and Vehicles may be applied in circumstances of danger and
accident without the intervention of the Engine Driver or the Guard who has
command of the train, and to prevent Railway trains from running into danger
when by reason of fogs, darkness or other causes the Engine Driver fails to observe
the signals; and in cases when the engine falls from the rails or meets with
obstruction on the rails to stop the train by the instantaneous application of the
brake power. The appliance for effecting this purpose consists of a rope chain or
wire connected at one end with a Lever attached to the signal balance lever and
working simultaneously through the action of the signal appliances; at the other end
fastened to a wheel, which is attached to a rocking shaft running transversely under
the rails. This rocking shaft is furnished with an eccentric sheave suitably fastened
for raising and lowering one end of a horizontal plate laid between the rails and
intended when so raised by the action of the eccentric sheave before mentioned to
come into contact with a hanging bar in front of the engine to be hereafter described.
Connected with the rope, chain or wire already described is a balance weight in a
suitable box by the side of the rails, which when the signal arm is raised drops of its
own gravity and pulls round the eccentric sheave so as to raise at once the horizontal
plate between the rails, or if the signal wire should break, the balance weight will also
drop with the same result. The effect being that the raising of the horizontal plate
is coincident with the raising of the signal arm, and it is likewise lowered at the same
time. When the plate here described is raised in the manner aforesaid it comes into
contact with any engine passing over it by means of a vertical bar to which a small

page_text: wheel is attached; for the purpose of diminishing the force of the impact.-hanging
in front of the engine at a suitablo elevation above the rails. This wheel strikes the
horizontal plate which has been raised to its operative position by the raising of the
signal arm, as on an ascending plane, and in so doing raises the vertical bar. This
bar again is connected with an arm of a rocking shaft which is attached by brackets
to the ploughs on each side of the engine. To one side of this rocking shaft is
attached another arm connected with a vertical bar reaching to the upper surface of
the boiler and rising at the same time as the vertical bar before described. At the
top of the boiler it is connected by a quadrant with a horizontal rod which runs along
the boiler and works the handle or valve of the brake whether steam, air, vacuum or
other. The same appliance with necessary modifications to be applied to the tender
end of the engine.
In case the engine from any cause falls from the rails, or comes into contact with
any obstruction on the rails, a perpendicular arm is provided, being connected with
the aforesaid rocking shaft, in front of the plough, and at the same height from the
rails, which by being pushed back through contact with the earth when the engine
falls from the rails or by the obstruction that may be met with on the rails lifts the
vertical bar before mentioned, running to the upper surface of the boiler and brings
the brake power into instantaneous operation.
Dated this Thirteenth day of April 1886.
WILLIAM R. ANDERSON.
JOHN RAINE.

page_text: other Brakes on Railway Locomotives and Vehicles.
We, WILLIAM ROBERT ANDERSON of 62 Westmoreland Street Darlington, Engine
Driver and JOHN RAINE of 4 Frederick Street Sunderland, Coal and Iron Merchant,
both in the County of Durham, do hereby declare the nature of said invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained.
in and by the following statement :-
This invention has for its object to provide an apparatus whereby the brakes of
railway locomotives and vehicles may be applied in circumstances of danger and
accident, without the intervention of the Engine driver or the guard; and to prevent
railway trains from running into danger. where, by reason of fogs, darkness or other
causes, the engine driver fails to observe or to disregard the signals and, in cases
where the engine leaves the rails or meets with obstruction on the rails, to stop the
train by the instantaneous application of the brake power. The appliance for effecting
this purpose consists of a rope, chain, wire or rod connected with the signal balance
lever and working simultaneously with the signal through its connection therewith,
the other end of the rope, chain or wire connecting to a sheave or arm on a rocking
shaft which runs transversely under the rails of the permanent way.
On this rocking
shaft an eccentric sheave, cam (or equivalent device) is fixed for the purpose of acting
upon, to raise and allow to fall, a horizontal plate which is placed either between or un
the outside of the rails and parallel therewith.
2:
When the signal is off, indicating "line clear" the horizontal plate is in its normal
position a little below the level of the rails but when the signal is on, indicating
danger the signal balance lever falling downward causes the connection, from it to
the rocking bar, to allow the latter to be rotated by a counterweight so as to cause
the eccentric sheave, cam (or other device) to elevate the horizontal plate between its
two fixed ends into a segment of a circle, forming an inclined plane from each end to
the centre, and the plate will so remain elevated until the signal is taken off by the
signalman who in doing so raises the counterweight and rotates the rocking shaft and
the eccentric cam (or other divice) so as to cause or allow the plate to return to its
normal position. Should any connections between the signal cabin and the signal
break, the signal automatically rising to danger, the plate will simultaneously be
elevated by the action of the counterweight and will so remain until the connection

page_text: is repaired or should the connection between the signal and the rocking shaft break
the counterweight will cause the cam to elevate the plate.
The automatic action of the elevated plate, when the signal indicates "danger,"
upon the brakes of the engine and train is effected as follows. Upon some convenient
position on the engine preferably near to the brake engine and where protected from
injury, is placed a vertical rod working in a guide. The lower end of this vertical
rod carries a small roller, at such a level that, when the horizontal plate is in its
normal position, it will pass over clear of it, but when the plate is elevated by the
signal being at "danger" or by the breaking of connection, the roller will impinge
upon and mount the incline of the plate thereby raising the vertical rod, which is
provided with a cushion or buffer to neutralise the shock and the roller revolving on
coming onto the inclined plate also diminishing the force of impact. The upward
movement of the vertical rod is communicated by suitable levers and rods to the
drivers brake valve or to a separate valve in any convenient position which is opened
and the brakes applied and kept on until taken off by the driver.
As an additional safeguard there may be fitted, in conjunction with the signal
apparatus, automatic mechanism in front of the "ploughs" at front and rear of the
engine in tank engines (or rear of the tender when so fitted) which will cause the
brakes to be applied on coming into contact with any obstruction on the line or, in
case of the engine leaving the rails, by coming into contact with the sleepers or
ballast.
On the accompanying sheet of drawings we illustrate the application of our invention
to a locomotive engine, with tender attached, fitted with Westinghouses compressed
air automatic brake from which illustration it will be readily understood how it may
be adapted to other Brakes acting by compressed air, by direct pressure of steam or
to vacuum Brakes. The drawing shews provision for the automatic application of the
brakes both in cases of overrunning a “ danger" signal, by apparatus connected with
and actuated by the signal, and also in cases of obstruction on the rails or accident
by the engine leaving the rails. We do not restrict ourselves to the position of the
automatic gear actuated by the signal, which may be fitted at the front end of the
engine or in any other suitable position, nor to the details of construction...
Figure 1. shews an outline of an engine and tender in side elevation with an advance
signal post with signal at "danger" which the engine is about to pass and to cause
the automatic apparatus to apply the brakes.
Figure 2 is an end front view of the engine with the signal post and signal
indicating "danger" shewing in front of the ploughs the gear which is acted upon
by any obstruction on the rails or by the engine leaving the rails.
Figure 3 is an end elevation of the engine on line -
behind the fire box, looking forward.
of Figure 1 just
Figures 4 and 5 shew details of the horizontal plate and gear by which it is
actuated.
The same letters refer to corresponding parts on all the Figures. A is the signal
indicating danger" the balance lever B, in raising the board to that position, having
descended and slackening the connection C caused the counterweight D, attached to
the sheave E on rocking shaft F, to rotate the shaft, in the direction of the arrow, and
thus to cause the eccentric sheave or cam G keyed upon it to raise the horizontal plate H
or from its normal or flat position into a segment of a circle between its ends which
are confined by small rollers I on the trough or box J which is sunk into the ballast
and properly secured. The rocking shaft F is carried in bearings on this box and
passes under the rail through bearings in the box K, on one side of the line, which
contains the sheave E and the counterweight D. The whole of the apparatus may
be fixed at any part of the line either close up to or in advance of the signal. The

page_text: automatic gear which is attached to the Locomotive consists of a vertical rod L
working in a guide M bolted to the fire box case and fitted at its upper end with a
cushion or buffer appliance N which may be compressed air metallic springs or some
elastic substance and at its lower end it is fitted with a roller O the normal position of
which is a little above the level of top of rails. The guide M carries in bearings
a weighbar Pon which is keyed an arm the outer end of which is freely connected
to a pin in the vertical rod L. Another longer arm R keyed, on same weighbar is
attached to the lower end of a rod S the upper end of which forms a long loop which
is connected to a pin or stud in the handle of the drivers brake valve T, in such a way
that the working of the brakes by the driver is not interfered with except when danger
causes the automatic action to be applied. This action takes place when the roller O
impinges upon the end of the elevated plate H the incline of which raises the vertical
rod Land through the arms Q and R and the rod S forces the drivers brake handle
into one of its extreme positions opening the escape valve and putting on the brakes
to their full power. The roller O having passsed over the plate H the vertical rod
returns to its normal position and the loop on upper end of rod S allows the
driver to control the brake valve and release the brakes when required. The
gear for
applying the brakes in cases of obstruction or of the engine leaving the rails consists
of hanging lever U keyed, on weighbars V across the front of engine and rear of
tender with connecting rods W, W from each to an arm X,on the end of weighbar P
in guide M and acting through the arms Q and R. and the rod S to open the brake
valve and apply the brakes.
When vacuum brakes are fitted the automatic action is applied to the valve by
which the vacuum is formed causing the brakes to be applied by the pressure of the
atmosphere and in case of steam brakes as often fitted to goods engines the automatic
action is applied to open a steam cock or valve and admit the steam pressure to act on
a piston in a cylinder to which the brake gear is connected.
Figure 4 shews, to a larger scale, a sectional elevation of a portion of the horizontal
plate elevated by the eccentric G into the position in which it acts upon the gear
attached to the engine with the wheel and counterweight D connected with the signal
and Figure 5 shews a plan of this portion of the apparatus. It will be seen that the
chain which suspends the counterweight D is attached to a shackle fixed in groove of
sheave E to which shackle is also attached the other chain leading from the signal arm
so that should the latter break the counterweight by its descent will rotate the cam
and elevate the plate H into its acting position.
The plate H may either form one piece as shewn guided by the rollers I which we
prefer or it may be made in two pieces jointed at centre, and so guided or, it may be
made in two plates overlapping each other. In any form of construction the plate or
plates may be drawn down to the level position if any difficulty should occur in their
returning by their own action which we believe they will always do.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we claim is
First. The automatic apparatus by means of which when a signal indicates. danger
the brakes are instantaneously applied on reaching a certain point by contact of a
projecting rod, on the engine or tender or on the train, with the inclined surface of a
plate on the line elevated by the signal by which incline the projecting rod is caused
to move upward and by suitable connections to operate a valve which controls the
brakes substantially as described and shewn.
Second. In automatic apparatus for causing the brakes to be applied by the signal
when indicating danger the use for the purpose of effecting contact without injurious
violence between the mechanism on the line connected with the signal and the
mechanism on the engine tender or train connected with the brakes, of a plate
forming when in acting position a gentle inclined plane upon the surface of which
a roller on the end of a vertical rod runs freely and causes the rod to be forced

page_text: upward against the resistance of a cushion or buffer substantially as described and
-shewn.
Third. The automatic apparatus by which the brakes are instantaneously applied by
contact with an obstruction on the rails or with the ground on the engine leaving the
rails substantially as described and shewn..
Fourth. The automatic apparatus on the line, in connection with the signal, and on
the engine, in connection with the brakes, to cause them to be applied by the signal
indicating danger in combination or not with the automatic apparatus whereby
the brakes are applied by contact with obstruction on the rails or when the engine
leaves the rails. Consisting of the various parts arranged, constructed and operating
substantially as described and shewn on the drawing.