IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING HOOPS AND WHEELS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Rothwell Jackson, of Salford, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING HOOPS AND WHEELS."
Sealed the 2nd December 1858, and dated the 4th October 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Rothwell
Jackson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 4th October 1853.
I, PETER ROTHWELL JACKSON, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING OF HOOPS AND WHEELS
to be as follows:-
My improvements consist, first, in rolling hoops between three or
more rollers, the axis of the rollers being at or about right angles with
the axis of the hoop, thereby removing any bends in the edge of the
hoop; this may be effected before or after the hoop is welded, or during
the time it is being bent or rolled, or at any other convenient time;
and by placing an additional roll over one of the straightening rollers,
and pressing them together with the hoop between them as they
revolve, the hoop may be made narrower.
Secondly, in constructing the mills for rolling hoops so as to be able

page_text: to roll then in several grooves made in the same rollers, instead of
having only one groove, as heretofore; this is effected by quickly separating
the rollers, and moving the table or guide plate with the hoop to the
next groove, then quickly pressing the rolls again together. The same
object may also be effected by moving the rolls and keeping the table
or guide plate and hoop stationary, or by rolling them in several
mills; the grooves of the rolls being constructed to follow one another;
the several mill rolls may be placed in connection with the same table
or guide plate or separately.
Thirdly, in constructing mills for rolling hoops with the axis of the
outside roll stationary, and bringing the inner roll toward the outer
one, instead of vice versà, as heretofore; in this case the gauging
apparatus for measuring the hoop is constructed so as to move with the
inner roll.
Fourthly, in bringing together the rolls of a hoop rolling mill with
double screws, one inside the other, and in employing a revolving
cutter against the hoop during the process of rolling to remove any
objectionable part.
And, lastly, in certain improvements applicable to a machine for
making wheels, for which Letters Patent were granted to me in
February 1844; these improvements consist in the application of a
shield on each side of the segment pattern used in moulding cog
wheels for the purpose of keeping up the sand, and preventing the
moulder disturbing the portion already moulded; also the application of
a fluid lute to the covering of the worm wheels forming part of the
said machine for making wheels.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Peter Rothwell Jackson in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 4th April 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
PETER ROTHWELL JACKSON, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of October, in the year

page_text: of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the seven-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Peter Rothwell Jackson, Her special
licence that I, the said Peter Rothwell Jackson, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Peter Rothwell
Jackson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Ix-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING HOOPS AND WHEELS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Peter Rothwell
Jackson, by an instrument in writing under my hand and scal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same-to
be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Peter Rothwell Jackson, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement (that is to say):
My Invention consists, firstly, in an improved rolling mill or combina-
tion of rollers applicable for the purposes of straightening or rendering
true the edges of hoops or tires or rims of wheels, and for compressing
such hoops, tires, or rims. Figures 1, and 2, of the accompanying
Drawing represent an arrangement of six rollers for these purposes.
and which may be used for rolling or straightening hoops or the rims
of wheels on the edge in order to remove any bends made on their
edges during the course of their manufacture, and also to reduce the
width of them (if requisite) at the same time. Figure 1, shews (in
elevation) the ends of the rollers; Figure 2, is a plan or top view of the
machine. In these Figures a, represents a loop in the act of being
rolled or straightened; b, b, c, c, d, d, three pairs of rollers supported in
bearings in the frame e, but with their outer ends free, so as to permit the
introduction of the hoops or articles to be operated upon between the

page_text: rollers, and a small portion of the end of each roller is tapered slightly, so
as to facilitate the introduction of the articles. These rollers have adjust-
ing screws f,f,f, to set them to their required positions. g, is the table
or guide plate for supporting the hoop, and the table or plate is placed
upon or nearly upon the same level or plane as the upper sides of the
lower rollers; h, represents the driving shaft; i, is the pinion which
gears into the wheels j, j, which are keyed on the bottom rolls b, d.
When this arrangement of rollers is to be used for straightening the
edges of hoops, tires, or rims, cach pair of rollers must be set at the
same distance apart, and with the precise space between each pair
requisite to admit the width of the hoops, tires, or rims to be operated
upon, and no more; and the upper sides of the three lower rollers
(except the small tapered portion above mentioned) must be upon or
touching the same level or plane, and the lower side of the three upper
rollers (except as above mentioned) must also be upon or touching
another level or plane parallel with the other, and at a distance
from it equal to the width of the hoops, tires, or rims to be
straightened. When the rollers are to be used for the purpose of com-
pressing or reducing the width of hoops, tires, or rims, the rollers
should be set (by means of the set screws f. f) with such spaces
between each pair as will enable them to compress the articles passing
between them to the required extent, and each pair of rollers may be
set at the same distance apart, or they may be set with gradually
diminishing spaces, so as to act successively in the compression of the
articles to the required extent. In using this apparatus (the lower
rollers b, and d, being put in motion) a hoop, tire, or rim is laid
upon the table, and one side of it moved towards the ends of the rollers
and pushed between them (the tapering ends facilitating this operation),
so that the rollers may take hold of the hoop, tire, or rim, and cause it
to revolve upon the surface of the table, and act upon the edges of
every part of it, for the purpose of straightening or compressing it as
may be desired.
For the purpose of steadying the articles upon the
table, or keeping them in a proper position during the operation of the
rollers, studs, such as shewn at 9', g', and 93, furnished with antifric-
tion rollers, may be used; the stud and pulley g, being attached to

page_text: or moved by a lever, by means of which a hoop, tire, or rim may be
pushed towards and between the ends of the rollers. Instead of using
rollers made perfectly cylindrical, three pairs of cones may be used so as
to diminish the amount of friction when a hoop, tire, or rim is passing
between them; in this case the requisite alterations must be made in
the bearings of the rollers or their axles for the purpose of causing the
upper surfaces of the lower rollers and the lower surfaces of the upper
rollers to be in the same planes, in like manner as before mentioned;
the ends of these conical rollers may also be tapered in like manner as
herein-before described. The number of rollers may be increased, but
I deem three pair sufficient for all ordinary purposes.
My Invention consists, secondly, in an improved machine for
rolling hoops or tires so constructed that a hoop or tire may be sub-
mitted to compression or action between the rollers in several grooves
thereof in succession, such grooves varying in shape or size so that
the wheel, tire, or hoop may, by the successive rolling operations
thus applied to it, be reduced to the intended form and thickness.
Figures 3, and 4, represent my improved machine; Figure 3, being an
elevation; and Figure 4, a plan or top view. The rolls which I use
have a number of grooves made in them (somewhat on the principle of.
the common rolling mills), instead of one groove only, as used in some
rolling machines. The grooves are also made to follow each other,
that is to say, so as to be fitted to act in succession upon the articles
in a similar manner as in a common rolling mill; the last of the
grooves being of the form requisite to produce a finished hoop or tire
of the required shape or section. In these Figures k, and 1, represent
a pair of rolls with four grooves in them. m, a tire of a railway
wheel in the act of being rolled; n, the table or guide plate, which is
supported on three rams o, o, o, fitted into three cylinders p, p, p, so that
motion may be given to them by steam from a boiler or water from a
press or reservoir. The motion for raising and lowering the table
n, may be obtained by scrows driven by spur wheels or by other
mechanical means. The tops of the rams o, o, o, are formed so as to
allow the table or guide plate n, to slide upon them from or towards the
rollers.
2, is the main frame of the mill; r, r. are screws for bringing
the rolls together; and s, s, are spur wheels for driving the screws r, r;

page_text: t, is a pinion for driving the wheels s,s; u, is a wheel for giving motion
to the pinion by hand; v, v, two loose pulleys; and w, a fast pulley on
the shaft for giving motion to the pinion by steam or any other con-
venient power; y, y, are sliding nuts working on the screws 7, 1';
z, z, straps for connecting the bearing blocks ', ', with the sliding
nuts y, Y.
These straps z, z, are made to slide in the frame q, past the
bearings of the roll k. is a chain for suspending the roll 7, passing
over pulleys 2, with the balanco weight 13, and a lever I', attached to the
chain ', for raising and lowering the roll l. n is a slide fixed to the
table or guide plate n, working up and down in the slide of the bearing
block; by this arrangement when the bearing block is forced
back or drawn forward it brings the table or guide plate n, with it, and
yet allows the table or guide plate n, to rise when required. The
rolling is effected in the following manner:-The roll 7, being thrown
out of gear with the roll k, (by means of the screws 1, ", moving it
and the table n, in a direction from the roll k,) is lifted by the lever l',
and the heated hoop to be operated upon is put into the mill so that the
roll, when lowered, will be inside the hoop; the roll 7, is then quickly
pulled or forced against the roll k, (by the action of the screws r, 1,)
thereby compressing the hoop between the two rolls; the roll k, being
driven by steam or other power imparts motion to and rolls the hoop.
After the hoop has been rolled sufficiently in one groove the roll 7, tho
hoop m, and table or guide plate n, are again pushed by turning the
screws 1, r, away from the roll k, and by removing the keys o', o', o'.
and turning the steam under the rams o, o, o, the table or guide plate ",
is forced upwards until the hoop arrives in a line with the next groove
in the roll, at which position it is held by the keys o', o², at the end of
the levers o, o³, being forced into slots prepared for them in the
rams 0, 0. This operation may be repeated till the hoop has been
rolled in each of the grooves in succession. It will be evident that a
rolling mill to effect the same or similar objects may be constructed
with the rollers projecting or overhanging a frame at one end, and
grooves may in such case be made in each roll for the purpose of
rolling a wheel, tire, or hoop. The roll intended to roll the inside of
hoops or tires may be made to descend, instead of ascending, for the
purpose of permitting the introduction of such hoops or tires. The

page_text: changing of the hoops or tires from one groove to another may also be
effected by moving the rolls, in lieu of lifting or lowering the table or
guide plate.
I will now proceed to describe the last part of my Invention,
which consists in a certain improvement applicable to a machine for
making moulds for casting wheels, for which Letters Patent were
granted to me in February, One thousand eight hundred and forty-four.
My present improvement consists in applying shields to the ends or
sides of a segment pattern, as shewn at A, A, in Figure 5. The object
of these shields is to support the sand at those parts when pressed
against the pattern, and prevent the moulder from disturbing the
pattern or the sand during the formation of any other part of the
mould, which is formed in segments, as described in the Specification of
my former Patent.
Having now described my Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, I declare that I do not claim as of my
Invention any of the parts or elements of either of the machines
described separately, or apart from the combination and application of
such parts and clements, in manner hercin-before described; but what
I claim as of my Invention is, firstly, the construction of rolling mills
of three or more pairs of rollers for the purpose of straightening or
compressing hoops, tires, or rims, in manner herein-before described;
secondly, a machine or mill for rolling hoops or tires, and submitting
them to the compressure or action of rolls having several grooves, in
manner herein-before described; and, thirdly, the application of shields
to the ends or sides of a segment pattern in manner and for the pur-
poses herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Rothwell Jackson, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Third day of April, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.