IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, PAPIER MACHÉ CARDBOARD ANNA Anminzag
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT. to Auguste Lucien Le Harivel, Professor of Languages,
33, Tufnell Park Road, Upper Holloway, in the County of Middlesex,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER,
PAPIER MACHÉ CARDBOARD ANNA Anminzag
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Auguste Lucien Le Harivel:
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 22nd June 1861.
I, AUGUSTE LUCIEN LE HARIVEL, Professor of Languages, 33, Tufnell Park
Road, Upper Holloway, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
PAPER, PAPIER MACHÉ, CARDBOARD, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as
follows:-
The material employed is wood reduced into thin delicate shreds or fibres
by being made to pass over an indefinite number of circular saws, against
which it is but very slightly pressed. The fibres thus obtained are next'
saturated with water, and ground between millstones. More water is applied*
during the grinding process to facilitate the operation. The ground fibres are
then fed upon the first of three sorting sieves placed one above the other, and
the meshes of which gradually become finer, the uppermost being the coarsest,
and the undermost the finest. A jumping motion is communicated to the
sieves by means of a cam, or by any other contrivance, whereby part of the
pulp is shaken through the first sieve into the second, and through the second

page_text: into the third, the meshes of which are so fine that the water alone is allowed
to escape. The fibres which have passed through the two upper sieves are fit
The fibres from the two upper sieves which are too coarse to reach
the third one may be re-ground, or employed in the manufacture of common
paper, papier. mâché, cardboard, as may be required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Auguste Lucien Le Harivel in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 16th December 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, AUGUSTE
LUCIEN LE HARIVEL., Professor of Languages, 33, Tufnell Park Road, Upper
Holloway, London, in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by IIer Letters
l'atent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Auguste Lucien Le Harivel, Her special license that I, the said Auguste
Lucien Le IIarivel, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Auguste Lucien Le Harivel, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, PAPIER MACHÉ, CARDBOARD, AND
OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Auguste Lucien Le Harivel, my exccutors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Auguste Lucien Le Harivel, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
This Invention of "Improvements in the Manufacture of Paper, Papier
Mâché, Cardboard, and other similar Articles," relates to the manufacture of

page_text: these and other similar articles from wood. This object is effected by the
employment of certain novel arrangements of machinery for the purpose of
operating upon wood, in order, firstly, to convert the same into fibres and
pulp and, secondly, to separate and assort the fibres according to their
different degrees of fineness, preparatory to their being manufactured into
paper, papier mâché, cardboard, or other similar articles.
In carrying out this. Invention, the wood is first cut into suitable lengths,
and is then carried to the first machine to be reduced or converted into fibres.
This machine, which we call the "fibre table," contains one or more sets of
circular saws, which, by revolving under the wood, reduce it into lengthy
fibres. These fall from the "table" into a saturating box beneath, supplied
with water by a ball cock at one end, and furnished at the other end with a
sluice to regulate the exit of the saturated fibres. From thence the fibres are
led by means of a shute into the eye of the upper stone of a common meal
mill, there to be ground into pulp. The stones must be dressed and grooved
as for grinding wheat, and close enough to produce a fine, delicate, soft pulp,
but not so close as to reduce the fibres to flour. A good average speed
for the millstone to run is from two hundred to two hundred and fifty
revolutions a minute. The wood having been thus reduced to the state of
fibres and pulp, is then fed upon the first of three sorting sieves placed one
above the other, and the meshes of which gradually become finer, the upper-
most being the coarsest, and the undermost the finest. A jumping motion is
communicated to the sieves by means of a cam, or by any other contrivance,
whereby part of the pulp is shaken through the first sieve into the second, and
through the second into the third, the meshes of which are so fine that the
water alone is allowed to escape. The fibres which bavo passed through the
two upper sieves, and which are consequently the finest, are fit for use. The
fibres from the two upper sieves which are too coarse to reach the third one,
may be re-ground, or employed in the manufacture of common paper, cardboard,
papier mâché, and other similar articles. Where largo quantities of pulp have
to be strained, the double-acting cylindrical sieve hereafter described, and
which forms the second part of the Invention, will be found inost efficient.
In the accompanying Drawings, Fig. 1, 2 & 3, represent the “fibre
table," or apparatus included under the first' head of the Invention, and
intended to be employed for reducing tlie wood into fibres.
Fig. 1, is a side clevation of the machine; Fig. 2, is a transverse: section;
and Fig. 3 is a plan view of the top of the same! Similar letters of reference
denote corresponding parts in all these Figures..
A, A, Fig. 1, is a strong table framo bearing the plumber boxes: B, B,.in

page_text: which revolve the saw spindles C, C, Fig. 2.& 3. The cross bars D, E, F,
bear the chairs of crank G, and center bit spindle H. The spindles C, C,
(Fig. 2 & 3,) bear each of them a driving pulley I, and a slack pulley
J. Besides these, and at both ends, are twenty or more circular saws called
the "reducers," K, K. These: may be increased to any number and
size according to the amount of work required to be done. Between the
"reducers" or saws there is a pasteboard washer smaller in diameter and thicker
than the former to prevent the teeth of the saws clogging. The "reducers,"
and washers are pressed close to one another against the collars L, by means
of a binding collar M, and nut N. (Fig. 2); and, to preclude all possibility of
the saws or "reducers" turning loose upon the spindles, thay are further
secured by the bolts O, P, (Fig. 2 and 3). Q, Q, (Fig. 1, 2, 3,) are
two guides to lead the wood obliquely over the "reducers," and at the same
time to shift it sideways, for if the wood were fed straight forward without
any lateral motion it would be grooved and not reduced equally throughout
its surface. This lateral motion is communicated to the guides by means of
the rod R, working in crank spindle G, of the grooved pulley S. The narrow
end of the guides is fixed to the table-top by a bolt a, c, which allows them
to move as shown by the dotted lines a, d. T, (Fig. 1.& 3,) is a center bit
for the purpose of boring out the knots, which, if left, would impart a bad color
to the pulp. The table top is made moveable to allow of its being lowered
to suit the height of the "reducers," as the latter wear out and become smaller
by dint of sharpening. This is effected by means of the screws V, (Figs. 1
& 2,) the heads of which are flattened and bored, to admit of a pin W. The
upper nut a supports the table-top at the required height, while the lower
one 6 steadies it. It will be observed that the table-top is made thicker
behind the first set of "reducers," and still thicker behind the second set.
This increase of thickness in the table top corresponds to the decrease of
thickness in the wood, thus keeping it perfectly horizontal while travelling
over the "reducers." .✗, is a feeding apparatus; this consists of a strong
circular saw c, between. a. ratchet wheel d, and a heavy cast-iron binding
collar e, which, by their weight, keep the wood f, f, in close contact with- tho
"reducers," while the catch on the fork lever 9 acting on the ratchet wheel d,
turns, the saw c, and pushes the wood forward. The feeder shaft h moves
up and down between the uprights i, j, thus enabling the feeding apparatus
to be raised above the wood and allowing it to descend as the latter is reduced
in thickness; is a hoist to lift the feeding apparatus above the wood. The
feeding apparatus being upon. the guides, it is shifted with them laterally
over the table, and thus keeps the wood close to the guides while propelling
g

page_text: it forward. The friction rollers l, m, n, (Fig. 3,) being at an acute angle
to the wide end of the guides assist in keeping the wood against them
(the guides). Under the guides are small friction rollers at a, e, and a, f..
Motion is communicated to the whole machine by the pulleys q, r, s, ton the
intermediate shaft. Y, which bears the driving pulley Z, and its slack
pulley (Fig 1). The "fibre table" we have described requires three
attendants, one to bore out the knots, and two to place the wood in its proper
position and see that it remains close to the guides, working the fork lever gat
the same time. The saturating box under the "table" consists of a trough
u (Fig. 1) supplied with water by the ball cock v; w is an agitator to stir up
the fibres and mix them with the water; x is a sluice to regulate the exit
of the saturated fibres; y a nut to raise or lower the sluice plate, and,, the
agitator pulley set in motion by the small pulley on crank shaft G; a, b, is
the shute to feed the fibres into the eye of the upper millstone, there to be
ground and strained as has been described in the foregoing part of this
Specification.
Fig. 4 & 5 are two views of the cylindrical sieve forming the second head
of this Invention, the former is a side section, and the latter a transverse cut
of the same.
A, Fig. 4, is a pyramidical core over spindle B, to throw out the water
that has passed through the intermediate sieve C, made of the finest wire
cloth; D is a pulley, giving the cylindrical sieve from 12 to 15 revolutions a
íninute; E, E, are the longitudinal bars connecting the two sides of the
cylinder, and over which the outer wire cloth is stretched. This cloth must
have at least 2,000 meshes to the square inch. F is a bell-mouth aperture
to throw the fibres that have strained through the outer sieve into a shute II,
thence to be led into the pulp receptacle; G, the inner bell-mouth aperture,
conveys the waste water from the pyramidical core to the exit pipe I.
The cylindrical sieve is suspended horizontally in a water-tight box rather
longer than itself. The ground fibres are fed from the mill into the hind
part J of the box, by means of a shute K (Fig. 5). On the opposite side a
take-off roller L, covered with felt, or any other appropriate material, removes
the coarse fibres from the exterior of the cylinder to which they had
adhered, and by means of doctor M, precipitates them into box N. These
may be re-ground or used for papier mâché, or any other similar articles.
At every revolution the curved radial arms O (Fig. 5), carry up a certain
quantity of water and fibres impregnated with water. The latter on rolling
over the intermediate sieve C as the cylinder revolves, become freed of the
superabundant water they had retained, and then slip out through the upper

page_text: Fig. 7 shows the
There are four of
exit hole P, while the water rushes out at Q (Fig. 6).
shape of the light framework of the intermediate sieve.
these placed between the radial arms O. The three pins R fit into corres-
ponding holes S (Fig. 5). A short iron plate T projects beyond cach of the
frames. These four projecting plates are bound together by means of a small
hoop U (Fig. 6), which encircles them, and keeps the whole tight. An iron
bracket V adds to the further solidity of the whole.
Though any wood treated as above described, would yield paper pulp, the
whiter sorts, such as lime, birch, beech, and white ash, are much to be pre-
ferred, as the pulp produced from them requires no bleaching whatever, and
may, on issuing from the sieves, be used at once for the manufacture of paper.
What we have said of the knots giving a bad color to the pulp is applicable
to the bark, which cannot be too carefully removed before placing the wood on
the "fibre table," as also any sand and dirt that may chance to adhere to the
surface of the wood about to be reduced.
Having now described the nature of this Invention, and the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I desire it to be understood, that what I claim
as the Invention secured to me under the above in part recited Letters
Patent is,
First, the application of wood in the manner above described, for the pro-
duction of paper, papier mâché, cardboard, and other similar articles, the
ligneous matter being operated upon in such a manner that the said matter
may be reduced to the state of fine fibres; and, after thorough saturation, be
ground into pulp, as described above.
Secondly, I claim the arrangement and construction of the mechanism, and
the combination of the various parts above described and shown in the
Drawings, for the purposes above set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Auguste Lucien Le Harivel, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, the Sixteenth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
A. LE HARIVEL. (L.S.)