Improvements in the Manufacture of Artificial Feathers and other like Articles.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Jan., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 20th Oct., 1894-Accepted. 24th Nov., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Artificial Feathers and other
like Articles.
I EDWARD MORGAN GASKELL, of No. 50 Weaman Street Birmingham in
the County of Warwick Commission Agent do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
My improvements have reference principally to artificial feathers but are also
applicable to the manufacture of other like articles such for example as artificial
leaves.
I will describe my invention in connection with the manufacture of an artificial
feather similar to the feathers used in the manufacture of shuttlecocks.
I make the stem of the feather of a piece of fine steel wire or other hard and
elastic wire and I cut out from paper two similar blanks having approximately the
size and shape which it is intended the finished artificial feather shall have. These
two blanks are placed symmetrically the one upon the other, their opposed faces
having been coated with paste or other adhesive material and the wire constituting
the stem of the artificial feather having been placed between them. The partially
formed artificial feather is allowed to dry and the edges and sides are afterwards
crimped so as to give them the appearance of the barbs of the feather.
The blanks may be made from paper of the same colour throughout or of different
colours arranged in any required pattern or design.
Besides paper
I also use parchment or parchment paper for the blanks of which
the barbed parts of the feather are made.
In order to make the stem of the artificial feather the more evident I prefer,
especially when coloured paper or like material is used, to paste a narrow strip on
each side of the artificial feather over the wire constituting the stem.
Where a single layer of paper or like material is employed I connect the wire
stem thereto by passing it through a series of holes made in the said paper or
material. The stem in this case may be covered on both sides by thin strips of
paper or like material.
The application of my invention to the manufacture of artificial leaves and other
like articles differs in no essential respect from its application to the manufacture
of artificial featbers as hereinbefore described.
...
5271 1 Tour 1894
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant..
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Artificial Feathers and other
like Articles.
I EDWARD MORGAN GASKELL of No. 50 Weaman Street, Birmingham in
the County of Warwick, Commission Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
my invention and in what manuer the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My improvements have reference principally to artificial feathers but are also

page_text: applicable to the manufacture of other like articles, such for example as artificial
leaves.
I will describe my invention in connection with the manufacture of an artificial
feather similar to the feathers used in the manufacture of shuttlecocks.
I make the stem of the feather of a piece of fine steel wire or other hard and
elastic wire and I cut out from paper two similar blanks having approximately the
size and shape which it is intended the finished artificial feather shall have. These
two blanks are placed symmetrically the one upon the other, their opposed faces
having been coated with paste or other adhesive material and the wire constituting
the stem of the artificial feather having been placed between them. The partially
formed artificial feather is allowed to dry and the edges and sides are crimped so
as to give them the appearance of the barbs of the feather.
The blanks may be made from paper of the same colour throughout or of
different colours arranged in any required pattern or design.
Besides paper I also use parchment or parchment paper, xylonite or buckram for
the blanks of which the barbed parts of the feather are made.
In order to make the stem of the artificial feather the more evident I prefer,
especially when coloured paper or like material is used, to paste a narrow strip on
each side of the artificial feather over the wire constituting the stem.
Where a single layer of paper or like material is employed I connect the stem
thereto by passing it through a series of holes made in the said paper or material.
The stem in this case may be covered on both sides by thin strips of paper or like
material.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawing represents the paper blanks and wire of
which the artificial feather is to be made according to one arrangement of my
invention and Figure 2 represents the finished feather.
The said blanks are marked a, b, and the wire c is curved to the form of the stem
of the feather. The said wire is represented in position on the blank b. The
faces of the paper blanks to be presented to each other having been covered with
paste or other adhesive material the blank a is placed symmetrically upon the
blank band when the adhesive material has dried the parts of the paper on either
side of the wire are crimped as represented in Figure 2 so as to give to the said
parts the appearance of the barbs of the feather. The position of the wire between
the opposed parts of the two pieces of paper forming the feather will be understood
by referring to the section of Figure 2. Figure 3 represents a feather made from
a single piece of paper. The wire c in this case is passed through a series of
holes a², a² in the paper blank a as represented in Figure 3 the wire being passed
alternately from back to front through the said holes. Or the wire may be wholly
on one side of the feather being attached by a solution of shellac or other adhesive
material. The wire of the feather made from a single piece of paper is preferably
covered at back and front by narrow strips d, d of paper as represented in
Figure 4.
It will be understood that in speaking of paper I include such materials as
parchment paper, parchment, buckram, xylonite, or celluloid and other like thin
and flexible non-metallic materials.
When I make the artificial feathers of xylonite the crimpings or markings
representing the barbs of the feather are preferably formed by pressure, the said
feather being gently warmed prior to or on the application of the said pressure.
When I make the artificial feathers of a single strip of xylonite or buckram the
wire e may be dispensed with. A feather thus made is represented in Figure 5.
A corrugation or rib e is made along the feather to represent the stem of the
feather and the part of the said stem below the barbs is made by quilling the said
end as will be understood from the cross section, the part from which the quill is
formed being of about three times the breadth of the stem to be made. The quill
is formed by bending the stem upon a piece of warm wire. On the withdrawal of
the said wire the quill cools and sets in the tubular form represented in the cross
section near the said quill end.

page_text: Or the feather may be made of paper and the stem of xylonite as represented in
Figure 6, the said xylonite stem being secured to the paper blank by means of
cement or other adhesive material.
The application of my invention to the manufacture of artificial leaves and other
like articles differs in no essential respect from its application to the manufacture
of artificial feathers as herein before described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that I claim as my
invention of "Improvements in the manufacture of artificial feathers and other like
articles ;-
Making artificial feathers and other like articles such for example as leaves,
from paper, parchment paper, parchment, buckram xylonite or celluloid or other
like thin and flexible non-metallic material substantially in the several ways
herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
Dated the 19th day of October 1894.
EDWARD MORGAN GASKELL.