A CERTAIN PROCESS OR PROCESSES BY WHICH SPENT MADDER OR MADDERS, TEAT HAVE BEEN PREVIOUSLY USED, CAN BE MADE TO YIELD A GREAT QUANTITY OF COLORING MATTER, AND FOR DYING WITH THE SAME VARIOUS COLORS ALL DESCRIPTIONS OF COTTON, LINEN, WOOL, SILK, OR ANY MIXTURE OF THEM, AND ALSO FOR IMPROVING FOR DYING MADDERS THAT HAVE NOT BEEN PREVIOUSLY USED
Year: 1832

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
STEINER, of Church, near Blackburn, in the County Palatine of Lancaster,
Manufacturing Chemist and Turkey Red Dyer, send greeting.
WHEREAS, in consequence of a communication from a Foreigner residing
abroad, I am in possession of an Invention of "A CERTAIN PROCESS OR PROCESSES
BY WHICH SPENT MADDER OR MADDERS, TEAT HAVE BEEN PREVIOUSLY USED, CAN BE
MADE TO YIELD A GREAT QUANTITY OF COLORING MATTER, AND FOR DYING WITH THE
SAME VARIOUS COLORS ALL DESCRIPTIONS OF COTTON, LINEN, WOOL, SILK, OR ANY
MIXTURE OF THEM, AND ALSO FOR IMPROVING FOR DYING MADDERS THAT HAVE NOT
BEEN PREVIOUSLY USED;" and whereas His present most Excellent Majesty
King William the Fourth, by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of
Great Britain, bearing date at Westminster, the Second day of June, in
the second year of His reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Frederick Steiner, His special licence that I,
the said Frederick Steiner, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Frederick Steiner, my executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in all His said Majesty's Colonies and Planta-
tions abroad, the said Invention; in which said Letters Patent is contained
a proviso obliging me, the said Frederick Steiner, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to

page_text: cause the same to be enrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within two calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had,
will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Frederick Steiner, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is described and
ascertained as follows (that is to say):-
The process by which I prepare spent madder for dying purposes is as fol-
lows I take spent madder, either in a dry or wet state, such as have been
previously used by calico printers, Turkey Red dyers, and other dyers; I let
them drain tolerably solid, and to one measure I add four measures of diluted
sulphuric acid, of 1020 specific gravity, and distilled water of 1000. I mix
all well together, and let it subside for more or less time; upon an average I
allow about six hours for it; then I draw off the surface liquor, and throw it
away as useless. To the sediment I add about six times its bulk of clear
water; I stir it up and let it subside; the surface liquor I draw off again as
useless. I keep repeating this latter operation of adding clear water, stirring
it up, letting it subside, and drawing off, until the water or the surface liquor
comes off tasteless. After the spent madders have undergone this process
they become quite altered in their properties, and when dried have the appear-
ance of fresh madders, and yield, when used for dying, a large additional
quantity of coloring matter. I call these spent madders thus prepared, che-
mical madder. The description of dying for which this chemical madder is of
the greatest use, and to which I attach the most importance, is that commonly
called Turkey Red dye, whether applied to cloths, yarn, or any fabric of cotton.
The cottons which I dye with the chemical madder I subject previously to the
Turkey Red process or processes, viz, by oiling, galling, passing through the
aluminous mordant, or otherwise submitting them to the Turkey Red process.
All this is well known and understood by the Turkey Red dyers. I dye then
these cottons with the chemical madder, adding either blood or other substance
into the dye vessels, and use it in the proportion of three pounds in lieu of one
pound of fresh madder (the dying is then of course performed in the regular
way) for the sake of economy. I use the chemical madder in a wet state,
taking one imperial gallon to contain about one pound and a quarter of dry
chemical madder. I state further that for the common and regular way of
dying of various colors all descriptions of cottons, linens, silk, wool, and mix-
tures of them, the chemical madder can be substituted for all purposes for
which fresh madder has hitherto been used, but the colors thus obtained (the

page_text: Turkey Red on cottons excepted) are fugitive, and not as good as those pro-
duced by fresh madder. But these colors can be produced or dyed permanent
if a certain quantity of nutgalls is added to the chemical madder, and the
dying operation performed in the customary manner. For this purpose I add:
one ounce of powdered nutgalls to each pound of dry chemical madder, using
three pounds of chemical madder in lieu of one pound of fresh madder. Thus
far I have mentioned the preparing of the chemical madder, its application
and its importance to the dying of Turkey Red on cottons, also its use for dyin g
of various colors all descriptions of cottons, linens, silk, wool, or mixtures of
them. I have now to mention further plans and methods by which the che-
mical madder may be prepared; and also further processes for dying with the
same, viz, if spent madders, either in a dry or wet state, are soaked, steeped,.
or otherwise brought into contact with diluted solutions of any acid or acids, or
exposed to any of the volatile acid gas or gasses, or soaked, steeped, or other-
wise brought into contact with any diluted solution of salt or salts, or other the
like substance or substances possessing the necessary acid properties, the pro-
cess will more or less change spent madders into chemical madders, but I
prefer the diluted sulphuric acid, as stated before, for this purpose. Other
plans for dying with chemical madder of various colors all descriptions of
cottons, linens, silks, wool, and mixtures of them, consist in impregnating them
either previous to submitting them to the dying operation, or even after it,
with a decoction or liquids containing gallic acid, tannin, or other vegetable
substance or substances possessing astringent properties or containing yellow
coloring matter, such as sumac, catechu, weld, barks, leaves of trees, fustic,
and the like; or, instead of impregnating the various fabrics herein-before
alluded to with the decoctions or liquids aforesaid, the said decoctions or liquids.
may be added to the chemical madder in the dye vessel; but in all cases the
dying is done in the regular way, and the chemical madder used in the propor-
tions of three parts in lieu of one of fresh. To improve madder or madders
that have not been previously used (or fresh madders), I soak or steep, or
otherwise expose them to diluted acid solutions or gasses possessing the neces-
sary properties. I prefer using such acids as will, when brought into contact
with certain bases, form insoluble salts, viz, for diluted sulphuric acids I use
barytes and the like, and I separate them from the madder or madders by a
sieve, having it fine enough to retain the madders, and to allow the insoluble
salts to fall through; this can be very well effected by moving the sieve on a
small quantity of water.
Now whereas I claim as the said Invention the subjecting of spent and
fresh madders to the processes herein-before described, whereby they are made

page_text: to yield a greater proportion of coloring matter than heretofore; as also the
processes herein-before described for using madders so prepared for the pur-
poses of dying. And such said Invention being, to the best of my knowledge and
belief, entirely new, and never before.used within that part of His said Majesty's
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, His said
Dominion of Wales, or Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, nor in any of His said
Majesty's Colonies or Plantations abroad, I do hereby declare this to be my
Specification of the same, and that I do verily believe this my Specification
doth comply in all respects fully, and without reserve or disguise, with the
proviso in the said herein-before in part recited Létters Patent contained ;
wherefore I do hereby claim to maintain exclusive right and privilege to the
said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Steiner, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of July, in the year of
n