Improvements in Methods of Combustion of Oil Spray or Gas from Liquid Hydrocarbons for Illuminating or Heating Purposes and in Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 6th May, 1887
Complete Left, 6th Feb., 1888
Complete Accepted, 23rd Mar., 1888
Improvements in Methods of Combustion of Oil Spray or Gas from
Liquid Hydrocarbons for Illuminating or Heating Purposes and
in Apparatus therefor.
BENJAMIN HOWARTH THWAITE F.C.S. 37 Victoria Street Liverpool in the County
of Lancaster, Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
In the application of my Invention for illuminating purposes, I proceed in the
following manner-
I provide an oil container and aspire or force the oil therefrom, either by a jet of
steam or air, such air or steam I heat or raise the temperature thereof with or by the
sensible heat of the products of combustion of the oil spray or gas, and to effect this
I place immediately above the flame a recuperator, or regenerator of any well known
construction, such recuperator I support on three or more hollow tubes by or through
which I lead the air or steam forced or aspired through the recuperator, to the point
of aspiration or combustion of the oil spray, or the heated air from recuperator
may be utilised partially for aspiration and partially for the combustion of the oil
spray.
To effect this I lead the tubes to a central annular chamber, surrounding a tube
leading from the oil container, I may aspire the oil by means of a steam jet and
consume it by the air forced through a recuperator in the manner described, or I may
force the air through the recuperator by means of a steam jet such combined air and
steam heated by recuperation-I may then utilise for the aspiration and combustion of
the oil.
I provide a chimney for promoting the flow of the products of combustion through
the recuperator chamber. I do not confine myself to any particular form of recuperator
but the one I prefer to use is that shewn in figure 1 of my specification numbered 9191
(1886).
My Invention as far as it relates to the combustion of gas from liquid hydrocarbons
for heating purposes, is an improvement on my patent—Ño. 16053 (1886).

page_text: In the application of my Invention to the firing of horizontal steam boilers I
provide a circular air heating chamber at the front end of steam generator in
which I force air heated by recuperation chambers or pipes placed in smoke stack
or flues.
The air escapes from the air accumulator into steam generator furnace by numerous
holes circularly placed, and opposite the point where the gas from the liquid hydro-
carbon leaves or escapes from retort in such a way that the numerous jets of air form
a ring of flame enveloping the retort or I may lead the air into the centre and back
end of retort from which it returns to the month thereof by an annular tube and then
meets the gas, which is diverted by the fireclay circular block attached to face of air
accumulator chamber-By this arrangement the air and gas are heated to near the
same temperature, and combustion is pro tanto more perfect.
In this arrangement the liquid hydrocarbon is injected into a series of annular
chambers inside and next to and nearly the length of retort lining.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Methods of Combustion of Oil Spray or Gas from
Liquid Hydrocarbons for Illuminating or Heating Purposes and
in Apparatus therefor.
BENJAMIN HOWARTH THWAITE of 37 Victoria Street Liverpool in the County of
Lancaster Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :—
My Invention relates to Improvements in methods of combustion of oil spray or
gas from liquid hydrocarbons, and in apparatus therefor.
Before referring to the two Sheets of Drawings that are intended to accompany
and form part of this specification, I wish it to be distinctly understood that I do not
desire to be confined to the exact details shewn therein, as they may be considerably
modified without departing from the nature of my said Invention.
Referring to sheet 1 of drawings which illustrates in Figures 1 to 9 the arrange-
ment of my invention when intended for illuminating purposes.
Figure 1 is a vertical section Figure 2 a half plan on line A B of figure 1, and
Figure 3 a half plan in section through recuperators on line C D.
The liquid hydrocarbon is stored in vessel 1; the oil is aspired therefrom through
four pipes 2. 3. 4 and 5 by means of the aspirator 6-the aspiration being regulatable

page_text: by a needle regulating valve 7. Steam or air under pressure for aspiration is supplied
by the pipe 8 the supply being regulatable by the valve 9. The spray issues from the
cup-shaped nozzle 10 producing a brilliant flame; the products of combustion from
which pass through the recuperative arrangement 11 passing around the air tubes 11ª
by which the sensible heat of the gases forming the products of combustion are
transferred to the air which is forced through recuperator by pressure such as a steam
jet or by mechanical means. The air supply enters to the centre 12 through the
pipe 13 the air then flows through the air tubes 11ª into the annular space 14 and
descends by three four or more tubes in pipes 15 to the annular cavity 154 around
cup 10 of burner; the air then meets the oil gas or spray and the result is a flame
of higher intensity in proportion to the increased degree that the air supply is
heated.
The air supply may be obtained by means of a steam jet aspirator as shown
at 16.
Figures 45 and 6 represent another modification of
vertical section. Figure 5 is a plan at E F of figure 4.
of figure 4.
my Invention. Figure 4 is a
Figure 6 is a plan on line G H
In this arrangement the liquid hydro-carbon in vessel 17, is volatilized by the com-
bustion of part of the oil in a cone shaped combustion chamber 18, having a corrugated
side 19 and with slitted air openings 20. The oil which is syphoned from vessel 17
by means of the pipe 21 provided with a safety valve 22, flows along a circular
distributing pipe 23 and flows or streams through perforations in its lower side on to
the side of combustion chamber where it flows down the corrugations, the air to
support its combustion flowing through the air spaces between the corrugations-The
products of combustion of the oil flow through the centre of vessel 17 by means of
chimney tube 24.
The combustion of the oil generates heat and soon volatilizes the liquid hydro-
carbon. The oil gas passes through the burner tubes 25. These burner tubes are
surrounded by an annular space 26, through which the air ascends and in its ascensional
passage it becomes highly heated. The flame of combustion projects to the upper
edge of the annular space 27 around chimney 24 and descends through this space to
the position 28 where it is drawn into chimney by the aspiration thereof.
The heat of the products of combustion is transmitted by side and by radial fins 29
to the air ascending to burner tube ends.
Figures 7 and 8 are a vertical section and plan in section of another modification of
my Invention.
In this arrangement the spray or vapour is produced by a steam jet flowing through
the oil from a supply pipe 30. The products of combustion from the flame are drawn
or aspired down a central chimney 31 by a steam jet 32.
The heat of the products of combustion is transmitted to the air flowing to support
combustion and also to the oil in vessel 33.. The products of combustion flow around
the vessel 33 through space 34 and ascend through chimney 35.
Figure 9 is a section of another modification of my Invention. In this arrange-
ment the oil vessel 36 has its sides 37 projected below its bottom so as to form an air
compression chamber 38. The air is forced through the oil by the weight of the vessel
as it descends into the water seal 39; the spray issues through the pipe 40 into the
retort 41, which is surrounded by the flame of combustion. The spray is volatilized
and issues through an annular space around the burner at 42 where it is met by
the air.
Referring to Sheet 2 of drawings.
Figures 10. 11. 12 and 13 shew my Invention as applied for heating purposes, when
using the method of generating gas from liquid hydrocarbons for which letters patent
have already been granted to me.
Figure 10 is a longitudinal section Figure 11 a plan in section Figure 12 a front
elevation and Figure 13 a cross section.
TL
1 1
1
D
10
1.

page_text: with the heated sides 45 of steel retort and volatilized and it issues in a gaseous
condition from end of retort striking against a baffle plate or disc 47 by which it is
deflected in a ring form around retort. The air supply is preferably on the plenum
or forced blast principle; it accumulates in the collecting chamber 48 from which it
escapes through the opening 49 which can be closed by the baffle plate or disc 47 as
the latter can, by a screw wheel 50 be moved from or against the inner air chamber
plate and end of retort; so that the proper equilibrium between the supply of air and
gas can be quickly established.
The air pipe can be made so as to radiate from or turn on a centre and the pipes
for the supply of oil and of air and steam for aspiration purposes can be radially
arranged so that the ordinary fire door can be easily opened.
I provide the flue combustion chamber if of corrugated iron with firebrick rings 51
placed in the corrugations as shewn; the rings can be made so as to be thoroughly
firm when fixed in situ.
By this arrangement the flue plates would be preserved from the intense heat of
the flame; I may also build a nest of checker-brickwork at the end of combustion
chamber.
By the use of my invention a most complete and intense action of combustion of
the spray or gas from liquid hydrocarbons is obtained both for lighting and for heating
purposes.
The system of recuperation adopted for the oil spray or oil gas burners will with
the same supply of oil give a higher unit of luminous intensity.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
First. The recuperative arrangement in its application to spray or oil gas lamps
substantially and according to the various modifications herein shewn and described.
Second. The method of effecting the combustion of liquid fuel for heating purposes
substantially as shewn and described in figures 10 11. 12. and 13.
Dated this 4th day of February 1888.