IMPROVEMENTS IN INJECTORS FOR LIFTING AND IMPELLING FLUIDS AND FOR FEEDING STEAM BOILERS, ALSO FOR APPLIANCES IN CONNECTION THERE- " WITH
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Hallam, of No. 46, Lancaster Avenue, Fennel
Street, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN INJECTORS FOR LIFTING AND IMPELLING FLUIDS AND
FOR FEEDING STEAM BOILERS, ALSO FOR APPLIANCES IN CONNECTION THERE-
"
WITH."
Sealed the 13th June 1879, in pursuance of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, and
dated the 26th November 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Hallam at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th November 1878.
SAMUEL HALLAM, of No. 46, Lancaster Avenue, Fennel Street, Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN INJECTORS FOR LIFTING
AND IMPELLING FLUIDS AND FOR FEEDING STEAM BOILERS, ALSO FOR APPLIANCES
IN CONNECTION THEREWITH,”
My said Invention has reference to improved arrangements whereby two separate
and distinct jets of steam are employed, one jet being for the purpose of drawing
the water or other fluid and imparting to it a portion of the necessary energy, the
further impetus required to overcome the given resistance being afforded by and
derived from the impulse imparted by the second steam jet.
My improved injector is constructed as follows:-It consists of a cylindrical
chamber with opening and branch at one side to connect suction pipe. Through
the upper end of this chamber projects a steam cone or nozzle which enters into
correspondingly tapered opening or combining cone, from the bottom of which
proceeds a suitably convergent taper channel whose lower end takes outwardly the .
form of an accurately tapered conical nozzle which projects into and is strictly
concentric with a second taper opening or cone, the two being so relatively spaced as
to leave a ring or annulus of proper area between them, and this taper ring or annulus
forms the second steam jet, which is thus made to surround and embrace the stream
of water or fluid impelled by the first steam jet as it issues from the above mentioned

page_text: nozzle. From this second conical opening the taper channel or bore is continued
and ends in an overflow chamber with opening at side closed by a valve. Opposite
to the orifice of the above channel is a cupped opening or receiving cone, at the
bottom of which the convergent taper terminates to form a throat or focus as in
other injectors, from which point to the end of the instrument the taper of the bore
is as usual made divergent.
To work the injector the steam is by suitably arranged and constructed valves
and passages first admitted to the upper steam nozzle, and when the water or fluid
issues freely from the overflow a further manipulation supplies steam to the second
annular jet which at once gives sufficient impetus to the water or fluid to enable it
to overcome the given resistance or to enter the boiler or other closed vessel. To
effect this-
One arrangement consists of two conical valves connected to one and the same
spindle; also upper and lower valve boxes with suitable valve seats and steam pipe
or conduit in free communication with both. The lower valve is fitted loose on end
of spindle which passes through a bridge or cap connected to body of valve and has
a collar so placed as not to come into contact with bridge until upper valve has been
considerably raised from its seat.
Another arrangement is provided by means of a cylindrical chamber formed on
injector transversely or otherwise. On the internal periphery of this chamber are
spaced two ports or openings with corresponding passages, one leading to upper steam
nozzle, the other in connection with lower annular jet. Through the centre of this
chamber runs a cylindrical spindle, hollow or otherwise; coupled to this spindle so
as to be actuated by it is a suitably formed segmental valve or valves so arranged
as to cover and vibrate over both ports, being held steam tight over them when
steam from boiler is admitted into cylindrical chamber or case by the resultant
pressure. A partial rotation of spindle, for which proper external appliances are
provided, first uncovers port leading to upper steam nozzle, and further rotation
admits steam to annular jet.
In a third modification the above two ports are formed in a plane face or table
enclosed by a suitable valve box or case, and over these ports a flat and truly surfaced
valve is by any suitable arrangement made to traverse so as to first uncover one and
then the other. In connection with this, as well as the arrangement previously
described, it is proposed to cause the valves to bear fairly upon their respective
seats, when not subjected to pressure, by means of a light spring.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Samuel Hallam in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th June
1879.
SAMUEL HALLAM, of No. 46, Lancaster Avenue, Fennel Street, Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN INJECTORS FOR LIFTING
AND IMPELLING FLUIDS AND FOR FEEDING STEAM BOILERS, ALSO FOR APPLIANCES
IN CONNECTION THEREWITH,"
My improvements relate to such combinations and arrangements of the several
parts of injectors as suffice to provide for the operation upon the water or fluid to
be impelled of two separate and distinct jets of steam. The first or upper jet can
be so proportioned as to lift or elevate the water or other liquid; its office is to
impart a portion of the necessary energy, the further requisite impulsion being
afforded by and derived from the action upon the fluid of the lower second or annular
jet. The upper steam cone or nozzle can be made adjustable or otherwise. When
adjustable it is screwed or threaded at its upper end and takes into a correspondingly
threaded nut or sleeve passing through upper plug or cap and provided with hand
wheel or other arrangement for rotating or operating same. This moveable spindle or
nozzle also serves not only to regulating the quantity of water to suit varying steam
pressures, but at the same time controls within considerable limits the volume or
quantity as well as temperature of the water or other liquid to be impelled. When-
ever it is desired to lift from a considerable depth a modification is employed which
simultaneously with the opening or uncovering of the upper port puts, by means of
a suitable cavity and third port, the chamber into which steam to supply annular
jet discharges into communication with overflow chamber; the further movement of.
valve to uncover port leading to annular jet closes this communication. Another
modification for considerable lifts, and also available in cases where the water or
other liquid already possesses a high temperature, is obtained by constructing the
instrument with two overflow chambers having openings each closed by a valve
held to its seat in the case of the upper one by a light spring, and as regards the
lower one, provided with adjustable threaded spindle for either restricting the lift or
holding it firmly to its seat. In the above two modifications it is also proposed to
increase the diameter and capacity of the upper steam jet. The valve arrangements
proposed to be employed in connection with the admission and control of the steam
are as follows:-The first arrangement consists of a segmental valve contained in a
cylindrical chamber or case formed transversely or otherwise on injector. This valve
is coupled to a central spindle which passes through one end of case.
The partial
rotation of this spindle by means of the affixed hand wheel or lever causes the valve
to vibrate over and uncover or close as required properly spaced ports or openings
with corresponding conduits or passages leading from them. A second modification
consists of a truly surfaced plane table or face enclosed by a valve box or case into
which steam has access. A flat and accurately surfaced valve is by any suitable
means made to traverse over the respective ports formed in plane table or face so as
to control admission or otherwise of steam to the respective nozzles. In connection
with this and the previous arrangement a light spring may be employed to keep the
valves to their respective seats when not subject to pressure.
A third modification
has two conical valves on one spindle, the lower loose, the upper fast; also upper and
lower valve casings or boxes with seats having steam pipe or conduit in free com-
munication with both. The rotation by means of the hand wheel or handle
connected to it of the screwed spindle in its correspondingly threaded fixed box or
nut first raises upper valve and admits steam to upper nozzle, and further rotation
brings nose or collar pinned on end of spindle into contact with bridge or cap of
lower valve, and by lifting it from its seat allows access of steam to annular jet.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of an injector with fixed upper steam nozzle and
rotary or vibrating steam valve; Fig. 2 is a cross section of same injector through

page_text: centre of valve casing or line A, B; Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section of an injector
with adjustable upper steam spindle or nozzle, and. also cavity in steam valve so
arranged as to put steam passage to annular jet and overflow chamber into
communication at starting or when steam is given to upper nozzle; Fig. 4 is a
longitudinal section of an injector constructed for high temperatures with double
overflow and flat sliding or reciprocating valve to admit or suppress steam; Fig. 5
is a longitudinal section of a modification consisting of two conical valves on one
spindle, the upper fast, the lower loose, and so arranged as not to lift until the upper
one has been considerably raised.
In the injectors delineated in the Figures above described (a) is the body part of
the instrument in which are included the two combining cones (a', a²,) the receiving
cone (a), the water branch (a'); (b) is the upper steam nozzle, and (c) the lower or
annular jet formed by the projection of the upper combining cone into the lower
one; (d) is the port or passage to annular jet; (e) is the steam branch and valve
box; (e), the segmental rotary or vibrating steam valve; (e²), spindle for actuating
same through the intermedium of the handle or wheel (e³); (f) is the overflow
branch; (f), the overflow valve, and (2) the valve casing or box (vid Figs. 1, 2).
In the injector shewn in Fig. 3 the upper steam nozzle (b) is capable of being moved
longitudinally in or out of the first combining cone (a¹); it is screwed or threaded
at its upper end and takes into a correspondingly screwed sleeve or nut (6¹). This
sleeve passes through upper cap or plug of injector, and has at its lower end a coned
projection or collar; the upper end carries the hand wheel (6%); the tightening of
the nut or screw plug (63) forces the coned projection against its scat and thus
prevents escape of steam. The lower end of nozzle or spindle (b) is bored, and at
the top of the tube so formed is slotted. The steam has access to tube through slot,
and a pin passed through side of bush (64) also projects into it and prevents spindle
from rotating when hand wheel (62) is turned. In this injector the vibrating steam
valve (el) has a cavity (e¹) which when the valve is moved sufficiently to uncover
port (d) puts port (d) into communication with an additional port or passage (d²)
leading to overflow chamber.
The injector delineated by (Fig. 4 is double with two receiving cones (a³, a³,) also
two overflow branches (f, g,) valves (f', g',) and casings (f2, 9²). The lower overflow
valve (g¹) has a screwed spindle (h) which passes through back of casing (g²) and is
actuated by small hand wheel whereby the lift of valve may be restricted when
required as at starting, and after the instrument is put in full operation the valve
may be firmly pinned or held to its seat. The ports or passages (d, d',) to admit
steam to upper and lower jets are, as delineated, also formed in an accurately surfaced
plane table or face provided on body of injector and enclosed by a rectangular valve
box or casing (e) furnished with steam branch and passage (e³). (e¹) is a truly
surfaced flat plate or valve capable of being slided or reciprocated over the ports by
the action upon the jaws provided at its back of the eccentric pin (i) on end of
spindle (e²). The spindle (e²) has a coned bearing in and passes through boss on flat
valve box cover (e); it is actuated by means of the handle or lever (e), and the
nut (es) furnishes the means when requisite of tightening the cone bearing. The
arrangement illustrated in Fig. 5 consists of upper and lower valve boxes (j, j')
connected by pipe or passage (j²). The opening from steam branch (j³) is at side
of lower box formed in one piece with spindle (j) which is screwed or threaded.
At its upper end is a conical valve (5) which takes into corresponding seat provided
at bottom of upper valve box to receive it. The lower end of spindle (j) passes
into lower valve box and through a bridge or cap connected to lower coned valve (j');
it has also a collar or ring (7) so pinned or secured on it as 'to leave sufficient
clearance between top of collar and under side of bridge or cap to ensure a proper
amount of lift to upper valve before the collar comes into contact with bridge to
raise lower valve. The two valves are severally raised or lowered in succession by the
rotation of the spindle (4) in its correspondingly threaded nut or box by means of
the wheel (8). (d) is the branch leading to upper steam nozzle; (d¹), the port or
passage to annular jet.

page_text: Having now particularly described the nature of my improvements, and the
manner of carrying the same into effect, I claim as my Invention,―
The combination, arrangement, and construction of injectors as substantially
herein before described, and illustrated by the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Hallam, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Fifth day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy nine.
Witness,
JAMES C. SCOTT.
SAMUEL HALLAM. (L.S.)