IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING HEAT AND GENERATING STEAM
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Virgil Warren Blanchard of the City and State of New
York United States of America for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
METHOD OF
AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING HEAT AND GENERATING
STEAM"
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Virgil Warren Blanchard at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th December 1883.
VIRGIL WARREN BLANCHARD of the City and State of New York United
States of America "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR
PRODUCING HEAT AND GENERATING STEAM"
This invention relates to a new and improved system for producing an intense
degree of heat from fuel in a furnace adapted therefor, and utilizing the heat so
generated for economically producing steam in a steam generator or for other
purpose. The object of the first part of my invention is to mix heated air under
pressure, in regulated quantities with the products rising from the distillation of
fuel, and to cause said air and products to regurgitate or descend upon and in a
bed of incandescent fuel, whereby complete combustion and intense heat is obtained
at a great economy of fuel.
The object of the second part of my invention is to construct a steam generator
which is applicable to my improved furnace, and in which there shall be a constant
circulation of water contained in said generator, in combination with a steam-air-
circulation, the generator and its several parts being so constructed that there will
be no interference between the water circulation and the steam circulation.
Figure 1, plate 1, is a side elevation of my improved furnace, a portion of the
chimney being broken away and the air-heaters therein are indicated by dotted
lines. Figure 2, plate 1, is a diametrical section through the furnace and chimney,
the intermediate chamber being omitted. Figure 3, plate 1, is a vertical section
through a part of the chimney showing air-heaters therein. Figures 4, 5, and 6,
plate 1, are details of the chimney and air-heaters. Figure 7, plate 1, is a
perspective view of one of the interlocking fire brick sections. Figure 8, plate 2,
is a vertical diametrical section through the improved steam generator showing the
super-heater applied to it. Figure 9, plate 2, is a horizontal view in detail of the
well, showing portions of the steam and water pipes connected thereto, and also
the several vertical pipes which are connected to the internal pipes of the horizontal
steam pipes. Figure 10, plate 2, is an enlarged cross section of one of the super.

page_text: heating pipes and its internal heat-radiating flanges. Figure 11, plate 2, is a
vertical transverse section of the super-heater. Figure 12, plate 2, is a vertical
section illustrating mechanical means for causing a positive circulation of the water
from and to the dome of the steam generator. Figure 13, plate 2, is a view of one
form of propeller blades which may be used to create a circulation of the water.
I will now proceed to describe the first part of my invention which is illustrated
on plate 1 of the drawings. The letter A designates an upright cylindrical furnace
which is composed of an outer wall of boiler iron internally lined with fire-brick as
shown in the vertical sectional view, E, designates the fire-chamber, E¹ the grate
and E the ash-pit. The fire chamber and the ash-pit are both provided with
openings which are hermetically sealed by doors F. These doors are constructed
alike and each door eonsists of a frame F1 having headed lugs formed on it adapted
to receive the bifurcated ends of the yoke F2. The door proper is of circular form
and it has a V-shaped rib 2 formed on its internal surface, also a central male
screw 3 which is tapped into a shouldered hub 4, on the end of a hand-wheel stem
having its bearing on the yoke F2. The frame F¹ has an annular V-shaped groove
in it corresponding in diameter to the V-shaped rib on the door, and in this groove
is packed asbestos paper forming a non-destructive gasket 5. When the door is
screwed home the rib 2 will imbed itself into the gasket and form an air-tight
joint which will not be affected by the intense heat to which it is subjected. The
fire-chamber is crowned by a concave-convex diaphragm or dome, from the centre
of which rises a double-wall-cylindrical magazine C, through which the liquid or
solid fuel is fed to the fire chamber from a funnel-shaped feeder K provided with a
regulating valve K¹ and through which magazine the products of combustion rise
before entering the primary mixing chamber N. The diaphragm D is composed of
bollow sections having lapped or slip joints X which will allow for free expansion
and contraction of the parts. The diaphragm affords a convolute conduit for air
which enters at its circumference from one of the branches M¹ of an air-pipe M
provided with a valve X2, the other branch M¹ of which enters the ash-pit for
producing the common draft of the furnace, while making a fire to support com-
bustion. The air which is highly heated in the hollow diaphragm D enters at the
base of the chamber formed between the two cylindrical walls of the magazine C,
the upper end of which chamber is closed. The double wall magazine C consists
of an outer wall of metal and an inner wall formed of a pile of fire-brick rings b¹,
adjusted one upon the other and held in place by luge 62; the top of the rings are
radially grooved so as to form perforations c through which air is forcibly injected
into the carbonic oxide rising from the incandescent fuel in the fire chamber. It is
obvious that the magazine is perfectly free to expand and contract without injury
to it. Above and surrounding the magazine C is a chamber N which receives the
products of combustion from this magazine and which is surrounded by a wall B
of fire-brick; the base of this chamber N is the top of the diaphragm D, and the
top of this chamber N is provided with registers d, which are designed for
regulating the escape of the products of combustion when a direct outlet to the
chimney is desired. Surrounding the wall B is what I shall denominate a mixing
chamber G and above this chamber and forming an expanded upper part of it is a
chamber H into which the mixed gases collect before they escape from the
furnace through the large flue pipe I. The mixing chamber G is sub-divided by
horizontal partitions e and also by a vertical imperforated division e' which latter is
located between two vertical rows of doors L for a purpose hereinafter described.
The mixing chamber G communicates at its lower end only with the chamber N
surrounding the magazine C, so that the products of combustion escaping from this
magazine are compelled to dive down or regurgitate on the outside thereof before
entering the lower end of the mixing chamber. The horizontal partitions or rings
in this chamber G are made of fire-brick and they have apertures through them
relatively so arranged that the gases are compelled to take a tortuous or zig-zag
course in their upward flight thus causing them to become intimately mixed as
well as re-heated. This mixture of gases at an intense heat passes off through

page_text: the flue I to any point desired. In the present instance O designates the external
furnace wall of a steam generator with which the said flue I communicates for the
purpose of supplying heat for the generation of steam, and from this furnace O
there is a communication with a chimney or up-take P. As a matter of course the
walls and partitions of the mixing chamber G will from time to time become
clogged with ashes and it will be necessary to get rid of the same; this is most
effectually accomplished by introducing a hose nozzle into the several openings L
on one side of the vertical division e¹, and injecting steam under considerable
pressure into the mixing chamber. The force of the steam thus injected will
quickly blow the ashes out of the openings on the opposite side of said vertical
division e¹. The openings L should then be closed by doors which are constructed
and packed as described for the doors F. The chimney P communicates with the
furnace O or with a reverberatory or any other furnace, and in this chimney are
arranged a series of short horizontal pipes Q which communicate with each other
at their outer ends or heads, by means of closely packed flanged joints. The
lowest pipe Q¹ of the series communicates with the pipe M above referred to and
the highest pipe of the series communicates with an air forcing engine of any
suitable construction. By this means air under pressure is forced into the hollow
diaphragm and through the other passages leading into the magazine C and also
into the ash-pit E2 beneath the grate. I thus not only produce an artificial draft
of any desired force but I furnish by means of the air a large supply of oxygen
for the combustion of carbonic oxide rising from the fire chamber, thus largely
utilizing fuel by maintaining seemingly as perefect combustion as is possible to
obtain.
The coupled heads of the pipes Q are outside of the chimney and enclosed in a
box P¹ having openings opposite the end of each head provided with suitable
doors. The head of each pipe Q has a division plate P secured to it which
extends nearly to the inner free ends of the pipe Q in the centre thereof. Outside
of each pipe and diametrically opposite each other are wings or flanges which form
in the chimney when the series of pipes are taken together, alternate or zig-zag
passages for the upward flight of the partly spent heated products of combustion.
The sinuous course which the products take in their upward passage through the
chimney retards them long enough to cause them to give off all or nearly all of
their heat to the pipes Q for warming the currents of air which take a similar
zig-zag course in their descent through these pipes from the forcing engine to the
furnace. It will be observed that I have ascending currents of heated products
through the chimney, and descending forced currents of air through the short pipes
Qarranged in the chimney I. I thus practically utilize all of the free heat
resulting from the combustion in the furnace and I add to the fuel a very large
supply of oxygen taken from the air supplied to the furnace consequently the
result of combustion will be simply inflammable material. Where liquid fuel is
used I believe that there will be no loss of either free heat or fuel. It will also be
observed that the air-heating pipes are free to expand and contract longitudinally,
consequently they will not be liable to crack. It is obvious from the abovo
description that the fire chamber which is between the grate and arched
diaphragm D is practically a retort in which the fuel is distilled under a very high
degree of heat; said retort being closed except at the points above described; in
this retort oxygen is admitted in such quantities that when mixed with the
products of combustion will produce intense degree of heat. It will also be
observed that highly heated gases will be forced into said retort from the primary
mixing chamber through the magazine, the gaseous currents near the heated
air-jets thereof taking a downward course and mixing with the incandescent fuel
on the grate; thence concentrating and crossing the descending currents and rising
through the centre of said magazine into the primary mixing chamber. From this
latter chamber the gases descend outside of the magazine wall to and through the
passages and again ascend through the secondary mixing chamber.
I will now proceed to describe the second part of my invention :-A¹ designates

page_text: the outer shell of my furnace chamber which is composed of brick or any other
suitable refractory material. This shell should be suitably bound and stayed with
iron and it has an inlet B' leading from the furnace proper, through which the
flame and other product of combustion pass for the purpose of heating the water
pipes and producing steam therein. At the end of the chamber A' opposite the
Hlue B' is an outlet flue pipe or chimney A2 which is the common up-take of the
furnace chamber. Within the outer shell A¹ is a well C¹ which is composed of hori-
zontal sections of cast metal (iron being preferred) of the flat elipsodial form shown
in figure 9. This well wall is braced by a bar c¹, cast or otherwise applied across
the centre of it as shown in figure 9. These sections are cast of a suitable height
and thickness and the abutting edges are dressed by planing. They are then
placed one on top of the other with plates or washers d' of thin copper placed
between them, and the whole bound together by means of tie-bolts running
perpendicularly through the castings and washers. Each casting C' before it is
joined to the others is provided with a suitable number of holes bored in each side
and in these holes are screwed the nipples or couplings D', into which are screwed
the lengths of pipes E³, which are closed by suitable caps at their outer ends as
shown in figure 8. The interior of this well C₁ is provided with a row of
perpendicular pipes Fs corresponding in number and position to the pipes upon one
side of a section of the well. These pipes F³ are open at bottom and closed at the
top and they are provided with smaller branch pipes f, f, running centrally into
the pipes F3 nearly to their closed ends as clearly shown in figure 8. The well C¹
forms a partition across the shell of the furnace and the draft passes under it and
under and over a series of alternating vertical divisions a which compel the
products of combustion to take an up-and-down, zig-zag course between the
pipes E³. I am thus able to secure a very large amount of heating surface in a
comparatively small space. To the top of the well is secured by a grooved joint
and suitable bolts (or it may be secured by rivets) a steam dome G¹. This dome
is connected at one end by a pipe G2 which passes down through the shell A¹ and
communicates with the bottom of the well as shown in figure 8. The well C' and
part of the dome G¹ are filled with water and a fire being started in the furnace,
the products of combustion entering the shell A¹ at B₁ follow the course of the
arrows already described and the water filling the pipes and wells, is spread in
thin streams over such a large heating surface that steam is generated very
quickly. When the water begins to boil a circulation is started from the dome
through the pipe G into the lower end of the well. There it enters the lower
ends of the pipes E3 below a horizontal partition c³ and passes out into the small
pipe f, and out of these pipes to the outer ends of the pipes E³ from whence it
returns to the well C¹ and thence passes up into the dome again. It will thus be
seen that I am able to maintain a constant circulation of water through pipes
having a large heating surface. From the top of the steam dome passes a steam
pipe g which is connected by movable or hinged joints g² to the super-heater H¹
located in the neck B¹ where the products of combustion fresh from the furnace
proper enter the interior of the shell A¹. This super-heater is constructed as
follows-, h, represent two horizontal cast heads which are connected by a pipe
section h³, forming a coil through which the steam passes from the pipe g¹ and
escapes to the engine through a pipe g³. The cast heads are cored out so as to
leave steam channels i, that form communications between the ends of the pipes h²,
and the steam inlet and outlet pipes g¹, g³. The pipes h², are screwed into the
lower head h¹, but their upper ends enter the casting h, and are provided with
screw collars and copper washers j as shown in Figure 11. In order to secure as
much heat conducting surface as possible in my super-heater I provide the interior
of the pipes with short sections of sheet copper bent in the form of tubes and
flanges as shown in the enlarged cross-section figure 10 and they are so adjusted as
to touch the sides of the pipes 2 and also to touch each other and to impinge
against steel rods hs, that are used for securely tying the heads and tubes of the
super-heater together. The heat is so intense in the position occupied by the

page_text: super-heater that when the engine is stopped and there is no circulation through
it, it is necessary to remove it from exposure to the heated products of combustion
passing through the neck B¹. To do this I make the beads h, h¹, of equal size so
that one will fill the space of the other through the shell A¹, and to upper head h
I apply a light frame J which is suitably guided. The fixed standards of the
frame J rise from the top of the neck B₁ of shell A', and secured to the centre of
the upper head h, is a vertical rack J¹, the teeth of which engage with a pinion eª
keyed on a horizontal rod es which is journalled in the upper ends of frame J. On
one end of the rod e³ is keyed a bevel spur. wheel engaging a corresponding wheel
keyed on the upper end of a vertical rod f¹, journalled in brackets on the side of
neck B¹ and provided at its lower end with a pinion bevel gear that meshes with
another bevel gear having a crank handle applied to it. By turning the crank
handle the super-heater may be raised out of the flue space B' and the head h¹
caused to fill the space occupied by the head h. The super-heater can be
lowered into the flue space at pleasure.
I thus avoid intense heat when
steam is not circulating through it. I shall now describe figure 12. The
shell A', the steam dome G¹ and the well with its system of communicating
pipes may all be constructed as I have above described; but for the purpose
of more fully explaining what follows, I will recapitulate; the well C is constructed
with an apartment at its lower end formed by the horizontal partition c² with
which apartment the lower open extremities of the vertical pipes F3 in said well
communicate at a suitable point. In the course of the pipe G³ I apply a forcing
engine or propeller G³ which is enclosed in a case and rotated by means of pulleys
and a belt driven from the engine or other prime motor. It will be observed that
the pipe G enters the case or shell of the propeller in front and leaves it at the
rear so that when the propeller is in motion a current of water will be forcibly
drawn from the dome G¹ and impelled into said well C¹ at its lower end and from
thence forced up through the vertical tubes F³, through the horizontal tubes f, and
caused to return through the enclosing pipes E³ to the well again. It will also be
observed that when the propeller or forcing engine is at rest a current of water may
freely pass between its blades or wings from the dome G¹ into the apartment at
the lower end of the well C¹ and from thence up through the vertical tubes F³ as
above described. The intense heat resulting from the combustion makes. it
necessary to have the most rapid circulation of water in those parts of the
generator which are directly exposed to intense heat and this is effected by means
of the propeller pump above described. I do not confine myself to the precise
form or construction of pump herein described, as any forcing engine may be
adapted which will produce the result specified, to wit; a rapid circulation or
rotation of water in the boiler and a consequent rapid generation of steam. I
however prefer to adopt the radial feathered blade propeller G³ shown in figure 13.
I would be understood to describe the portion C³, the apartment at its base, and
the forcing engine not as indispensible elements to the invention but as valuable
auxiliaries when the heating tubes of the boiler are exposed to a very intense
heat from the combustion of fuel, as it is by a rapid circulation of water in a steam
boiler that injurious effects to the fire exposed heating surfaces are prevented. I
have above described my improved super-heater in connection with my improved
steam boiler for the purpose of showing a complete steam generator and system.
Though I prefer in practice to construct the well C¹ of sections of cast metal in the
manner heretofore already set forth still it may be constructed of sheet metal
adapted for boiler making properly riveted and braced by stay bolts. I would be
understood to embrace this method of construction when it may be deemed
desirable in practice.
Having described my invention I claim :-
First: In a furnace for a steam boiler or other purpose a double wall air-circulating
magazine arranged over the fire chamber, the perforated rings above said chamber
and means for forcing the highly heated air through said rings, substantially as

page_text: Second: The combination of a double wall furnace perforated diaphragms arranged
in the space between the walls of the furnace, a convolute base D communicating
with an air pipe, a central magazine extended into the combustion chainber N, and
means for introducing air below the grate, all constructed and adapted to operate
substantially as described.
Third A furnace having double walls above a hollow dome in combination with
a double wall magazine having an interiorly perforated wall and arranged in a
primary and mixing chamber N, the walls A-B perforated diaphragms applied in a
mixing chamber G, which communicates at its base with the said primary mixing
chamber and at its top with an outlet, substantially as described.
Fourth The combination of an annular mixing chamber in the primary furnace
and air-heaters in a chimney for supplying this chamber with heated air, air inlets
through the top of the dome D, inlets leading into said chamber above the dome
and passages e through the diaphragms in said chamber substantially as
described.
Fifth The combination of the mixing chamber, means for supplying this chamber
with heated air and carbonic oxide, and a secondary mixing chamber having air
inlets and provided with horizontal annular perforated diaphragms for uniting the
oxygen of the air and the carbonic oxide substantially as described.
Sixth The combination of an air-heater D a magazine for producing carbonic
oxide, and an air chamber G sub-divided by horizontal diaphragms and provided
with the inlets for the products of combustion and the inlets for the heated air
substantially as described.
Seventh-The combination of a mixing chamber N, with a furnace for the
production of carbonic oxide from bituminous coal, a perforated air supply
magazine, a chamber G and means for introducing air through the bed of
incandescent fuel, substantially as described.
Eighth The combination of the means for introducing air into the diaphragm
above the fire-bed, with means for introducing air below the grate of the furnace,
a combustion chamber below the said diaphragm a mixing chamber N, and a
chamber G above said diaphragm, all constructed and adapted to operate
substantially in the manner and for the purposes described.
Ninth The combination of the following instrumentalities in a furnace, an ash pit,
means for forcibly injecting air into the same, a combustion chamber above the
grate E, a diaphragm covering the combustion chamber, a centrally arranged
magazine, a chamber surrounding this magazine and a double wall forming a
chamber into which the products of combustion will pass out through an opening
at its base, all constructed and adapted to operate substantially as described.
Tenth A furnace which is composed of an ash-pit a combustion and mixing
chamber, means for introducing air into the ash-pit under pressure, a dome into
which air is introduced and heated under pressure, a magazine in which air is
heated and introduced under pressure into the ascending products of combustion,
and a re-mixing chamber in which the carbon mon-oxide is reduced to heat all
substantially in the manner described.
Eleventh The combination of a double wall furnace walls which are perforated to
form tortuous channels there through, an internal mixing chamber, and a double
wall magazine communicating with the said chamber, substantially as described.
Twelfth The combination of an internally perforated magazine a convolute base
therefor, means for supplying air thereto, a double wall mixing chamber G, above
said base, and a mixing chamber N surrounded by said chamber G, substantially
in the manner and for the purposes described.
Thirteenth The combination of a fire-chamber, the concavo-convex sectional
expansion and contraction dome thereof, and the double wall internally perforated
magazine thereof, all constructed and adapted to operate substantially in the manner
and for the purposes described.
Fourteenth The combination with a furnace having double walls and perforated
diaphragms between the walls, the internal air-heater, the mixing chamber for the

page_text: heated air and carbonic oxide, and the pipes leading to an air forcing engine for
the free supply of oxygen to the highly heated products of combustion, all
substantially in the manner and for the purposes described.
:
Fifteenth The combination of a fire-chamber, an air pipe below the grate therein,
a hollow sectional dome, an air pipe communicating therewith, a centrally arranged
magazine having an internally perforated diaphragm surrounded by a chamber
communicating with said dome, a mixing chamber above the dome, and a re-heating
chamber surrounding the mixing chamber and communicating therewith,
substantially as and for the purposes described.
Sixteenth: In a fire-brick furnace the primary mixing chamber or regurgitating
passage a blast pipe below the grate having a regulating valve, a blast pipe above
the grate also having a regulating valve, and a secondary mixing chamber provided
with an air supply passage, all combined and adapted to operate substantially in
the manner and for the purposes described.
Seventeenth The method substantially as herein described of producing intense
heat in a fire-brick furnace, consisting First: In subjecting the fuel to an upward
blast of air while starting a fire; Second, partially closing said draft; Third,
producing a regurgitation of the gases above the fuel by a strong blast of heated
air regulated by a valve; and Finally conducting the gases to a surrounding
mixing chamber supplied with air whereby they are converted into carbonic acid-
gas, substantially as described.
Eighteenth A steam boiler consisting of a series of horizontal pipes closed at their
outer ends and open at their inner ends into a well which extends transversely
across the combustion chamber which is closed at its lower end and open at its
upper end into a steam dome, in combination with a pipe leading from the water
space of the said dome into the said well, a series of vertical pipes open at their
lower ends and closed at their upper ends and arranged in the well and communi-
cating with pipes applied in said horizontal pipes and a suitable furnace chamber,
all constructed and adapted to operate substantially in the manner and for the
purposes described.
Nineteenth In combination with the enclosing furnace shell the vertical water
heating well, which extends transversely across the combustion chamber the
vertical pipes F3 open at their lower ends and closed at their upper ends, the
partition C, the horizontal pipes, the pipe G³, and the steam dome communicating
with this well and the vertical partitions a, arranged in said furnace shell all
adapted to operate substantially as described.
Twentieth The combination of the elongated well C¹, pipes communicating
therewith closed at their outer ends, pipes arranged in this well and having branch
pipes radiating from them, a steam dome and a pipe leading from said dome to
the bottom of the said well all adapted to operate substantially in the manner and
for the purposes described.
Twenty-first: In a steam boiler a deep well extending transversely across the
combustion chamber closed at its lower end, and opening at its upper end into a
steam dome, pipes E³ radiating from this well closed at their outer ends, a series of
vertical pipes F³, closed only at their upper ends, a series of horizontal pipes
arranged in pipes E3 open at their outer ends and opening at their inner ends into
pipes F³, all constructed and adapted to operate substantially in the manner and
for the purposes described.
.
the
Twenty-second: The combination of the vertical well extending across
combustion chamber and provided with vertical pipes closed at top and open at
bottom, the horizontal branch pipes, partition C', pipe G2, a steam dome and a flue
space beneath said well, all constructed and adapted to operate substantially in the
manner and for the purposes described.
Twenty-third The boiler furnace constructed with a narrow flue B¹, leading
through its crown at one end in combination with a deep well having a flue space
beneath it and the alternating partitions a forming a zig-zag flue leading to the

page_text: chimney, all arranged to operate substantially in the manner and for the purposes
described.
Twenty-fourth: The combination of the deep well extending transervely across
the combustion chamber the enclosing furnace wall the steam dome and a pipe
leading from said dome through the furnace shell and communicating with the
deep well at or near its bottom substantially in the manner and for the purposes
described.
Twenty-fifth: The combination with a steam generator constructed substantially
as described and a steam dome communicating with a deep well, of a shell A¹
having a contracted inlet flue, and a super-heater applied in this flue and
communicating with the said dome, all adapted to operate substantially in the
manner and for the purposes described.
Twenty-sixth-The combination in a steam generator of a well C¹, which
extends transversely across the combustion chamber and composed of sections in
the form of rings, pipes F³, closed at top and open at bottom below a diaphragm
C² the horizontal pipes E³, the pipes f, inclosed therein and the flue channel,
substantially in the manner and for the purposes described.
Twenty-seventh: In a steam generator a steam channel made distinct and
separate from the water channel by means of a well extended transversely across
the combustion chamber, in combination with pipes f, open at one extremity and
enclosed in pipes with closed outer extremities, a steam dome and a return pipe
leading from said dome to the bottom of a well, substantially as described.
Twenty-eighth: The combination with the well extended transversely across
the combustion chamber and provided with radiating outflow and return pipes
vertical pipes F3 closed at top and open at bottom the steam dome, the pipe G²,
leading from the dome into said well below a diaphragm C², and a forcing engine,
all constructed and adapted to operate substantially in the manner and for the
purposes described.
Twenty-ninth: The combination of the partition C² the deep well extending
transversely across the combustion chamber, the return pipe G2, a propeller or
forcing engine G³, the vertical pipes F³, the horizontal pipes Es, and the enclosed
heating tubes f, all adapted to operate conjointly, substantially as described.
Thirtieth The combination of a combustion chamber A¹ a vertical well
extending across the same but terminating above the bottom thereof, a steam dome
communicating with the top of said well, a pipe G2 forming a communication
between the bottom of the well and the said dome, and a forcing engine all
constructed and adapted to operate substantially in the manner and for the
purposes described.
Thirty-first: The combination of the combustion chamber, the well and pipes
arranged therein, the contracted inlet flue B¹, and a vertical movable steam
super-heater therein flexibly connected by a pipe with the steam dome, all
constructed and adapted to operate substantially in the manner and for the
purposes described.
In witness whereof, I the said Virgil Warren Blanchard, have hereunto set my
hand and seal this thirtieth day of October in the year of our Lord one thousand
eight hundred and eighty-three,
Witnesses:
JAMES MARTIN TULLY
GEORGE HASELTINE.
VIRGIL WARREN BLANCHARD (L.S.)