IM- PROVEMENTS RELATING TO THE PRESERVATION OF MEAT AND OTHER PERISHABLE SUBSTANCES, AND TO REFRIGERATING OR COOLING APPARATUS THEREFOR, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS RELATING TO THE PRESERVATION OF MEAT AND OTHER PERISHABLE
SUBSTANCES, AND TO REFRIGERATING OR COOLING APPARATUS THEREFOR, AND
FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES A communication from abroad by John Jones
Bate, of Brooklyn, New York, United States of America, Merchant.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th January 1877
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co, Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London "IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO THE PRESERVATION
OF MEAT AND OTHER PERISHABLE SUBSTANCES, AND TO REFRIGERATING OR COOLING
APPARATUS THEREFOR, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES " A communication from
abroad by John Jones Bate, of Brooklyn, New York, United States of America,
Merchant.
This Invention iclates more particularly to the storage and transportation of meat
in a cooled or refrigerated condition, but a portion of the said Invention may also
be applied in the storage and transportation of fruit and vegetables, and for other
like purposes.
The object of part of the said Invention is to prevent discoloration of the surface
of meats and the tainting to the external portions thereof
I envelop the meat in a fibious or woven material, such, for instance, as that
commonly termed burlaps, and subject the same to a current of air, chilled o
biought, either by natural or artificial agencies, to a suitably low temperature. This
low temperature maintains that degree of cold necessary to prevent direct decay,
and the envelope of burlaps or like material strains from the air the germs which
otherwise would provoke that incipient decomposition by which the surface dis-
coloration and tainting is caused
I employ a refrigerator constructed with one or more germ absorbers composed of
burlaps or equivalent fibrous or woven material, through which the cooled air
cuculated in contact with the meat or other perishable articles of food is caused to
pass, the hurtful germs being thereby sifted or stiained from the air before the latter
Price 1071

page_text: comes in contact with the articles to be preserved I combine with a 100m, building,
or apartment, a fibrous absorbent of impurities and a fan blower, or equivalent means
for producing a forced circulation of air through or within the building, room, or
apartinent, whereby the air within the same is purified
I produce currents of refrigerated an cuculated within a building, room, or
apartment, in such manner as to secure the most efficient action of the air in the
preservation of the perishable articles of food For this purpose I use a refrigerator
constructed with a false floor, perforated or provided with openings nearly or quite
The air
throughout its area, and communicating with the bottom of the ice box
from the said ice box passing underneath the false floor passes upward through the
perforations therein in a series of upward currents throughout the area of said floor,
and thence at the top of the ice box passes to the latter to be conducted downward,
and again to and through the openings in the false floor, thereby securing a perfect
circulation and distribution of air within the refigerating chamber A fan blower
15 combined with the false floor provided with perforations or openings, nearly or
quite throughout its area, communicating with the lower part of the ice box, whereby
provision is made for the forcible ejectment of the air through the perforations or
openings in the false floor, and the subsequent passage of the air-back-to and through
the ice in the ice box
I construct a false ceiling porforated or provided with openings nearly or quite
throughout its area, a false floor is also constructed with perforations or openings
nearly or quite throughout its arca, communicating with the lower part of the ice
box, and a fan blower provided to urge the aur though the perforations 01 openings
in the false floor, whereby the air, as it issues in upward curients from the openings
in the false floor, is caused to be more equally distributed at the top of the refii-
gerating chamber
The uniform distribution of the air at a suitable temperature is effected in
horizontal curients through the refrigerating chamber, 100mm, or apartment For
this purpose I employ a refrigerator having one or more of its inner vertical sides
provided with holes, openings, or perforations, nearly or quite throughout the area
of such vertical side or sides, in combination with an ice box and a fan blower
These parts are arranged to force the an within the refigerating chamber, rooin, oi
apartment, though the ice box, and thenco out through the holes, openings, or
perforations in the vertical side or sides aforesaid
I employ an ice box having one or more of its vertical sides provided with holes
or perforations, in combination with the aforesaid vertical side or sides of the
refrigerating chainber, 100m, or apartment, and the fan blower arranged to circulate
the an from the ice box to and through the refrigerating chamber, whereby greater
certainty in the horizontal floor of the an currents through the refrigerating
chamber, 100m, or apartment is secured
I effect the production of the requisite degree of cold in the air curients within
the room or apartment to be refigerated by incans of a coil of pipes reduced to the
requisite low temperature by water resulting from the melting of mingled ice and
salt, or equivalent refrigerating material, a icfigerating chamber, 100m, or apart-
ment for receiving the articles of food to be preserved, and a fan blower arranged to
maintain the circulation of the an in contact with the coil of pipes, and thence in
continual circulation through the refiigerating chamber
I employ a rose or other distributor for throwing water upon the coil of pipes,
whereby said pipes may be covered with a coating of ice, in order that a cooling
and diying of the cuculated air may be obtained
And I employ an air-conducting pipe or conduit, either with or without a chill
box surrounding the aforesaid coil pipes, in such inanner as to ensure the full effec
of the refrigerating action of said chill box and its contained coil of pipes at the
more remote portions of the refingerating chamber, room, or apartment forming part
of or connected with this improved apparatus.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Robert Lake in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 26th
July 1877
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lako, & Co, Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London "IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO THE PRESERVATION
OF MEAT AND OTHER PERISHABLE SUBSTANCES, AND TO REFRIGERATING OR COOLING
APPARATUS THERLFOR, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES" A communication fiom
abroad by John Jones Bate, of Brooklyn, New York, United States of America,
Meichant
This Invention iclatos more particularly to the storage and transportation of meat
in a cooled or refugerated condition, but a portion of the said Invention may also
be applied in the storage and transportation of fruit and vegetables, and for other
like purposes
The object of part of the said Invention is to prevent discoloration of the surface
of meat and the tainting of the external portions thereof
I envelope the meat in a fibrous or woven material, such, for instance, as that
commonly termed builap, and subject the same to a current of an, chilled or
brought, either by natural or artificial agencies, to a suitably low temperature This
low temperature maintains that degice of cold necessary to prevent direct decay,
and the envelope of burlap oi like material stains from the au the geims which
other wise would provoko that incipient decomposition by which the surface dis-
coloration and tainting are caused
I employ a refrigerator constructed with one or more geim absorbers, composed of
burlap or equivalent fibrous or woven material, through which the cooled air
ciculated in contact with the meat or other perishable articles of food is caused to
pass, the hurtful geinis being thereby sifted of strained from the air before the latter
comes in contact with the articles to be preserved I combine with a 100m, building,
01 apartment, a fibious absorbent of impurities, and a fan blower or equivalent means
for producing a forced circulation of air through or within the building, room, or
apartinent, whereby the an within the same is purified
The air
I produce currents of refrigerated air circulated within a building, room, or
apartment in such inanner as to secure the most efficient action of the air in the
preservation of the perishable articles of food For this purpose.I use a refrigerator
constructed with a false floor perforated or provided with openings nearly or quite
throughout its area, and communicating with the bottom of the ice box
from the said ice box passing underneath the false floor passes upward through the
perforations therein in a series of upward currents throughout the area of said floor,
and thence at the top of the ice box passes to the latter to be conducted downward,
and again to and through the openings in the false floor, thereby securing a perfect
circulation and distribution of air within the refrigerating chamber A fan blower
is combined with the false floor provided with perforations or openings, nearly or
quite throughout its area, communicating with the lower part of the ice box, whereby
provision is made for the forcible ejectment of the an through the perforations or
openings in the false floor, and the subsequent passage of the air back to and through
the ice in the ice box
I construct a false ceiling perforated or provided with openings, nearly or quite
throughout its area, in combination with a false floor, also constructed with
perforations or openings, nearly or quite throughout its area, communicating with
the lower part of the ice box, and a fan blower provided to unge the air through the
perforations or openings in the false floor, whereby the air as it issues in upward
currents from the openings in the false flooi is caused to be more equally distributed
at the top of the refrigerating chamber
The uniform distribution of the air at a suitable temperature is effected in
horizontal currents through the refrigerating chamber, room, or apartment For
this purpose I employ a refrigerator having one or more of its inner vertical sides

page_text: provided with holes, openings, or perforations, nearly or quite throughout the aica
of such vertical side or sides, in combination with an ice box and a fan blowe
These parts are arranged to force the air within the refrigerating chamber, room, or
apartment, through the ice box, and thence out through the holes, openings, or
perforations in the vertical side or sides aforesaid
I employ an ice box, having one or more of its vertical sides provided with holes
o perforations in combination with the aforesaid vertical side or sides of the
lefiigerating chamber, room, or apartinent, and the fan blower arranged to enculate
the an fioin the ice box to and through the refrigerating chamber, whereby greater
certainty in the horizontal floor of the air currents through the refrigerating chamber,
100m, or apartment is secured
1 effect the production of the requisite degree of cold in the air currents within
the room or apartment to be refugeiated by means of a coil of pipes reduced to the
requisite low temperature by water resulting from the melting of mingled ice and
salt, or equivalent iefungerating material, a refrigerating chamber, 100m, or apart-
ment for receiving the articles of food to be preserved, and a fan blower aanged
to maintain the circulation of the au in contact with the coil of pipes, and thence
in-continual cuculation through the efigerating chamber
I employ a rose or other distributor for throwing water upon the coil of pipes,
whereby said pipes may be covered with a conting of ice, in order that a cooling and
diying of the circulated an may be obtained
And I employ an an-conducting pipe or conduit, either with or without a chill
box surrounding the aforesaid coil of pipes, in such manner as to ensure the full
effect of the refrigerating action of said chill box and its contained coil of pipes at
the more remote portions of the refrigerating chamber, room, or apartment, forming
part of or connected with this improved apparatus
The Diawings illustrate the several features of the said Invention
Such
Having reference fist to Figures 1 and 2, the former is a longitudinal sectional
view representing a icfugerating apparatus as employed in canying into effect the
process forming one feature of the said Invention, and Figure 2 is a side view
indicating a quarter of beef enveloped in fibrous or woven material, as in the
practice of said process In such practice there is provided a suitable chill chamber,
100m, or apartmant A, within or through which a current of an is produced
current may be either from the external atmosphere though such chamber or room,
and thence out again, or the chamber 01 100m may be closed against access of the
external atmosphere, and its contained ur be caused to pass over and over again
through a suitable ice box, or equivalent means for reducing the temperature
thereof, either by changes in the density of the an resulting from contact with the
ice in the ice box, or by mechanical agencies, as for example the use of a fan
blowei An apparatus being thus provided I wiap the meat, for example, quarters
of beef, with burlap or other suitable woven or fibrous material, the builap being
preferably sewed fast upon the meat The meat being thus sunlounded with the
aforesaid material, in other words, having its surface covered thereby, as represented
in Figure 2, is placed or hung in the chill chamber, room, or apartment indicated
at A, the quarters of beef, wrapped or enveloped as described, being indicated by B
The cooled air being caused to cuculate through or within the chill chamber A, as
helen-before indicated, and heicin-after in various modifications fully set forth, the
an passes through the interstices of the fibious material in which the meat is
enveloped as aforesaid, and thereby chills the same and keeps the entire mass at the
low temperature requisite to its piesei vation, at the same time that the cuculating
air thus passing to and in contact with the meat has the germs of disease or decay
effectually sifted or strained therefrom, the fibious envelope not interfering with
the access of air to the meat, and the consequent requisite refrigeration thereof, but
serving to eliminate from the air as it comes in contact with the meat those sources
of decomposition and decay which without this fibious covering would cause the
surface of the meat to lose what is termed by butchers its "bloom," in other words,
the crisp and fresh appearance upon which its highest market value depends, the

page_text: said covoring moreover preventing that further decay which in ordinary practice
often destroys the taste and flavor of the meat, and even produces a condition of
incipient putrefaction in the surface portions of the latter
The remaining Figuros show in section various forms and modifications of the
said apparatus
Having reference now to Figure 3, the chill chamber A is provided with a false
floor A*, between which and the true floor C is a space d, the interior of the chill
chamber A communicates with this space d by means of perforations or openings c
in the false floor The ends of the space d are open to the outer atmosphere, and
have stretched or otherwise applied across them burlap D, or other suitable fibrous
or woven material, B* is a fan blower aanged to draw the external air inwards
through the burlap at D, thence upward through the chill chamber A, and thence
outward through the passage b to the fan blower B*, and thence through outlet a
to the outer atmosphere The an being by this means diawn through the burlap
o like material D, the said builap or like material strains out, absorbs, or
eliminates from the air passing to the chill chamber A all the gorms of decay, and
the like, which otherwise would pass into said chamber to contaminate whatever
articles of food, such as inents, vegetables, and the like, that may be exposed
therein. This construction is best adapted for use in those localities or at thoso
seasons when the outer atmosphere is sufficiently reduced in temperature to exert
the usual preservative action of cold upon perishable articles of food
Having reference now to Figure 4, the chill chamber A. is closed against access of
the external atmosphere, and the fan blower B* being within the apparatus is so
alanged as to force the an from the top of the chill chamber A into the ice box E,
down though the latter, and thence out at the bottom of said ice box back to the
chill room, the an within the latter being thus passed over and over through the
ice box E and in contact with the ice therein, and being thereby reduced to the
requisite tempeinture The passage a* through which the air passes from the fun
blower B✶ (in this case to the ice box) and the passage g through which the air
passes back to the chill chamber have placed across or upon them the burlap or
equivalent fibrous or woven material, so that the an being repeatedly passed there-
through is freed from all germs of decomposition or provocatives of decay
Having reference to Figure 5, the construction is the sune as shown in Figure 4,
except that the fan blower is dispensed with, the colder an in the ice box E flowing
out by its greater density to the lower part of the chill chamber A through the
passage g, and thus causing the air at the top of said chill chamber to enter the ice
box through the opening mat the top thereof, a continual circulation of the air
being by this means effected The passages m and are provided with the burlap
or equivalent material in the same manner, for the same purpose, and with the same
result as the passages a* and g, represented in Figure 4
Having reference to Figure 6, one end of the chamber, room, or apartment A is
provided with holes for openings a, and at the opposite end of said chamber is a
partition C*, in which are similar holes or openings b₁, the fan blower being
arranged to draw the air fiom behind the partition C*, thereby causing the external
air to pass in at the holes or openings a in horizontal curients through the
chamber A. to and through the holes or openings b¹ in the partition, and thence to
the fan blower, and out therefiom to the external atmosphere Stretched or
other wise applied within the chamber A is a sheet F of burlap (several may be used
if desired), said burlap being more or less adjacent to the holes or openings a, so
that the air in passing through the burlaps to the chamber A is sifted, stiamed,
and cleansed from gerins of disease and decay
Having reference to Figure 7, the false floor A* of the chamber A is perforated,
and the burlap F being laid thereon external air passing through the holes or
perforations, and consequently through the burlap, is purified as herein described.
The apparatus as represented in the last-named Figure is so constructed that the
an may be drawn in from the external atmosphere at an opening d, and thence
through the burlap to and through the chamber A, and out through passages 6 to

page_text: the fan, and thence through an outlet c* back to the outer atmosphere, or by
closing the opening d by a valve d*, and by turning a valve c¹ in the outlet c*, to
close the latter and open the way to a vertical pipe or passage f opening at its
lower end below the perforated false floor A* of the chamber A, the air within the
latter may be caused to pass over and over again through the burlap, thereby
causing the air to be continually and repeatedly subjected to purification
Having reference to Figure 8, the air enters the chamber A through the
openings 6* near the bottom of the said chamber, and makes its exit through the
fan-blower B* at the top, the au passing through the builap, and being purified
and feed from germs as in the other arrangements of this Invention, in which the
builap or equivalent material is used
Having reference now to Figures 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16, which show
certain features comprised in the part of this Invention relating to the refrigeration
of the air, in the room, chamber, or apartinent A is placed a coil G of pipes, or in
lieu of a coil any other system of pipes which will expose a large metallic surface to
the an contained in the chamber A The opposite ends of this coil or system of
-pipes-G aic connected with a reservon II filled with salt and ice, so that the melting
of the salt and ice within the reser von II will provide a greater or lesser quantity of
extremely cold liquid within said reservoir A force pump I operated by any suitable
means is arranged in such relation to the reservons H and the coil or system of
pipes Gas to force the cold liquid from the reservoir continuously through the pipes,
and thence back to said reservoir, this cold liquid consequently koops tho pipes G
continually reduced to an extremely low temperature, so that the air within tho
chamber A coming in contact therewith will be proportionately cooled In order to
provide for that cuculation of the au within the chamber requisite to the contact of
all the air within said chamber the fan blower B* is arranged in any one of several
different positions or locations to force the an over and over again in contact with the
coil or system of pipes G This fan blower B* may take the au in at its centie, and
discharge the same from its outlet a¹ at the top of the pipes G, so that the an being
cooled by contact with the latter, and consequently having its density increased,
will descend at that end of the chamber A, and theroby cause the comparatively
waimei air at other portions of the said chamber to ascend, thereby establishing a
continual current in contact with the said pipes, or when preferred the fan
blower B* may be placed at the bottom of the chamber A with a short inlet pipe
arranged to draw the an downward through the coil or system of pipes G, and to
eject the same through a short outlet pipe to the opposite end oi portion of the
chamber A, as represented in Figure 10, to produce the desned cuculation of the
all 01 when preferred the fan blower may be arranged at the top of the chamber A
with its outlet a aanged to ducct the current of air from the fan blower to the
system of pipes G in the same manner as in Figure 9 but with the fan blower B⭑
having the perforated horizontal pipe D* connected with its inlet in such manner
that the au will enter the perforations of the said pipe, and thereby be conducted
to the inlet of the fan blower in the operation of the same to produce the requisite
current of air in contact with the system of pipes C, all as represented in Figure 11
Or when prefened this arrangement may be removed from the ceiling to the floor
of the chamber A, and the movement of the fan blower reversed, so that when the
an is drawn downward in contact with the pipes G it will be ejected from the
perforated pipe D* Or the coil or system of pipes G may be placed within a
separate chamber E*, as represented in Figures 13, 14, 15, 10, and 17, in which case
the fan blower 14 arranged to draw the an down through the chamber E* in
contact with the system of pipes G, the said chamber E* serving to confine the air
in close contact with the said pipes G than when the same is not thus enclosed
1
As represented in Figure 13 the air from the chamber A is forced by the fan
blower B through the opening or passage a* into the top of the chamber E*,
whence passing downward in contact with the pipes G it is ejected back to the
lower part of the chamber A through the opening g
As represented in Figure 14 the operation is the same as in Figure 13, except

page_text: that the fan blower B* is provided as in Figure 11 with a long inlet pipe D*, which
in the present case howevei may or may not be perforated, as may be preferred
In Figures 15 and 17 is more fully represented the arrangeinent of the heiein-
before mentioned reservoir H and force pump I As represented in Figures 13 and
15 there is provided a rose or spunkler J supplied with water from any suitable
Bounce or by any suitable means, and arranged to spray water upon the external surface
of the coil or system of pipes G The water thus applied to the surface of the said coil
or system of pipes Gis congealed by the extreme cold of the said pipes, and forms the con
a layer or coating of ice, this layer or coating of ice causes the precipitation or conden-
sation of moisture contained in the an, enculated in contact with the said pipes as
herein specified, thereby rendering the air within the chamber A more dry, and conse-
quently better adapted to preserve articles placed in said chamber than when
the metallic surface of the coil or system of pipes G is exposed directly to the air
circulated in contact therewith In Figure 16 the cnculation of the an is effected
in substantially the same manner as in Figure 12, except that the an is caused to
pass downward through a chamber E* containing the coil or system of pipes G, and
the fan blower B* is provided with a long outlet pipe, as in Figure 12, which pipe
may or may not be perforated
Having roference now to Figures 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 25, 26, 27, and 28,
which relate to certain other features compused in the portion of this Invention
elating to the efigeration of the air, in these Figures, as in Figures 1, 4, and 5,
an ice box E is provided, through which the air is passed in currents, so that hy
contact with the ice in said ice box E the an is refrigerated or reduced to the
requisite temperature
When constructed as represented in Figures 18 and 19 a perforated false floor A*
is provided in the chamber A, the space below the said false floor cominunicating
with the bottom of the ice box E In the upper part of the chamber A is the per-
forated ceiling A**, the arrangement being such that the operation of the fan blower
B* draws the an fioin the chamber A up through the perforated ceiling A**, and
forces the same through the inlet a into the top of the ice box E, and downward
through the latter into the space below the false floor A*, and then up through the
perforations in the latter back to the chamber A, thereby ensuring a constant
Cuculation of the an vertically through the chamber A and its refrigeration by
contact with the ice in the ice box E In the apparatus shewn in Figures 20 and
21 the construction and operation are the same as in Figures 18 and 19 except that
the perforated ceiling A** is dispensed with, and the air cutients through the pei-
forations in the false floor A* converge in an upward direction to enter the fan
blower B* preparatory to the re-entrance of the circulated air at the top of the ice
box E
When constructed according to Figures 22 and 23 the chamber A has at one end
an upright perforated partition K, while the side of the ice box at the opposite end
of the chamber A is formed with similar perforations as shewn at m* From the
opening a¹ in the top of the ice box E extends downward a pipe L which connects
with the fan blower B*, arranged at or near the floor, and connected by another
pipe M to the space between the perforated partition K and the adjacent end of the
chamber A, so that the operation of the fan blower B* diaws the air as indicated
by the allows through the perforations of the partition K, thence downward behind
the same to the pipe M, thence through the fan blower B* to and through the pipe
L, and from the latter through the opening a² into the ice box E, from which it
Issues through the perforations m* back to the chamber A This arrangement
ensures a constant refrigeration of the air by its passage through the ice box E, and
a constant circulation of the air in horizontal currents through the chamber A
When constructed as represented in Figure 24, the fan blower B* is arranged
with reference to the upper end of the ice box E in substantially the same manner
as in Figure 1, but the ice box has its front perforated in substantially the same
manner as in Figure 22, the operation of the fan forcing the air into the top of the
ice box through the same and out through the perforations m", whence it is

page_text: scattered through the chamber A, finally to return to the fan blower B*, to be again
passed through the ice box for refrigeration, and subsequently again distributed to
the chamber A, as just explained
When constructed as represented in Figure 25, the parts are arranged sub-
stantially as in Figure 22, with this exception, that the pipe L is extended over the
top of the ice box E, as shown at 2*, and connects with a space behind the back K*
of the ice box, the sud back K* is perforated at 4, so that the operation of the fan
drawing the au inward through the perforations of the partition K carries the same
though the pipe M, the fan blower B*, the pipe L, and thence through the
passage into the back of the ice box to the openings 1, fiom the latter after
being cooled by contact with the ice the au passes in horizontal curents from the
openings m*, through the chamber A, and so on, repeatedly
When constructed as represented in Figure 26, the apparatus is substantially the
same as that represented in Figure 22, except that there are but two openings, the
one, through which the au enters at the top of the ice box, and another, g, at
the bottom of the ice box, from which the an is ejected to the chamber A, and passes
in divergent currents through the openings in the partition K
When constructed according-to Figures 27 and 28, the apparatus is substantially
the same as represented in Figure 25, except that the front of the ice box instead of
being perforated nearly or quite throughout its entire area has a single open-
ing g at the bottom through which an issues from the ice box, thence passing in
divergent currents to and through the openings in the partition K, the cuculation
through the chamber A. being therefore very much the same as that represented in
Figure 26
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to me by my
foreign corespondent, and the manner of performing the same, I wish it understood
that I claum,
Fust The herein described process of preserving meat by enveloping the same in
burlap or equivalent fibrous or woven material and then subjecting the same to a
cument of nu of the requisite low temperature, as herein set forth.
Second A refrigerator constructed with a germ absorber or gerin absorbers, com-
posed of burlap or equivalent fibrous or woven material, as above set forth and for
the purpose specified
Thud The combination of a geim absorber or germ absorbers of burlap or
equivalent woven or fibrous material, a fan blower and a 100m, building, or apart-
ment, as above described and for the purpose set forth
Fourth In a refrigerator a false floor perforated or provided with openings
nearly or quite throughout its area, and communicating with the bottom of an ice
box provided with a suitable inlet at its top, whereby the an is caused to pass in
upward currents, as above set forth
Fifth A fan blower in combination with the false floor having perforations
nearly or quite throughout its area communicating with the lower part of the ice
box, as above descubed and for the purpose set forth
Sixth A false ceiling perforated or provided with openings nearly or quite
throughout its area in combination with the false floor, having perforations nearly
or quite throughout its area, communicating with the lower pait of the ice box and
a fan blower, as above described and for the purpose set forth
Seventh In a refrigerator or ventilating apparatus one or more inner vertical sides
perforated nearly or quite throughout the area thereof in combination with an ice
box and a fan blower, as above descubed and for the purpose set forth
Eighth In a refrigerating or ventilating apparatus an ice box having one or more
of its sides perforated nearly or quite throughout the area thereof, in combination
with the vertical side or sides of the refrigerating chamber, also perforated nearly or
quite throughout the area thereof, and a fan blower arranged to cuculate the au, as
above described and for the purpose set forth
Ninth The combination of a coil or set of pipes reduced to the requisite low
temperature by the flow or passage through the same of water resulting from the

page_text: melting of mingled ice and salt, or of equivalent refrigerating material, a
refigerating chamber or the like and a fan blower, as above described and for
the purpose set forth.
Tenth The combination of a 1ose or equivalent device with the coil or set of
pipes kept at a reduced temperature by the circulation of a cooling liquid there-
through, as above described and for the purpose set forth.
Eleventh The combination of an air conduit or air conducting pipe and the coil
or set of pipes kept at a reduced temperature by the circulation of a cooling liquid
therethrough, as above described and for the purpose set forth
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lako, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of July, in the year of our Loid One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven
TITM DADT TAT