Improvements in or connected with Spinning,. Twisting, and Doubling Frames.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Mar., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Jan., 1894-Accepted, 24th Feb., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Spinning,. Twisting, and
Doubling Frames.
I, PHINEHAS PEARSON CRAVEN, of 16 Devonshire Street, Ardwick, Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates more especially to spinning and other frames of the kind
for which Letters Patent were granted to me dated 17th November, 1891
No. 19969, but parts thereof are also applicable to spinning, twisting, and doubling
frames of other construction.
The first part of my improvements relates to the construction of what is known
as the traveller and the ring in which it works. Instead of constructing the
traveller of a disc and stem in one piece, or of a disc and stem made in two pieces
but connected rigidly together, I make it in two pieces connected together flexibly;
that is to say, I make the dise with its tube, which passes over the spindle, in the
ustial way; but I hinge the wire or other stem to the under side of the disc in such
manner that the pull of the thread of yarn will draw the guiding end of such stem
inwards against the spindle, or against the partly made cop or bobbin thereon
when the said spindle is commencing its rotation; but when the speed of the
spindle increases, the centrifugal force causes the guiding end of the said stem to
move outwards into contact with the ring without affecting the level of the disc to
which the stem is hinged, so that the said disc remains constantly parallel or more
nearly so than heretofore, to the bearing plate against which it rotates, whether
the guiding end of the stem is close to the spindle or cop or in contact with the
ring. One suitable method of hingeing the wire stem to the disc consists as
follows:-Two eyes or staples are formed with or secured to the underside of the
disc, or at the ends of wires or other supports projecting downwards from such
disc, and the upper end of the stem is bent or looped in such manner that it can be
passed through or- into the said eyes or staples so as to be free to move therein,
but secured from coming out of the engagement with such eyes, while working,
by any suitable means; for example I sometimes bend the upper end of the
wire so that it can be engaged in the eyes or into one of them by being
sprung in.
In order to prevent the entangling of the thread of yarn round the traveller
stem, especially when the said thread is slackened during the process of doffing
the completed cops from the spindles, I place the eye or loop in the traveller stem,
through which the thread passes on its way to the spindle or cop, at an angle to
the stem of the traveller, and I find that when a thread eye is used on the traveller
it is desirable, in order to prevent entangling, that the thread, in passing from the
drawing rollers to the spindle or cop, should pass through the eye of the traveller
on to the spindle direct from the inside of the eye, and that the eye should be inside
the angle part of the traveller, that is to say between what may be termed the foot
of the traveller and the spindle.
In order to prevent the yarn from slipping out of the eye of the traveller,
which sometimes happens, I continue the wire beyond the eye in the form of a
short finger over which the yarn must be lifted, when arranging it in the traveller,
as in the operation of pieceing-up, for example. By this means the yarn is
prevented from slipping out of the eye without having been previously lifted over
the aforesaid finger.
The part of the traveller that comes in contact, when in motion, with the ring is

page_text: liable to a certain amount of wear and tear from the friction generated; and when
that part forms the eye or thread guide the said wear and tear renders the
traveller stera useless in a comparatively short time. In order to make the
traveller stem wear longer, I bend the short finger, mentioned in the last paragraph,
backwards or outwards so as to cause the end of the wire composing the finger to
rub against the ring, thereby transferring the wear and tear from the stem itself to
the end of the wire; and this backwardly or outwardly bent part of the wire may
be made much longer than the mere diameter of the wire composing the stem, thus
enabling it to wear proportionately longer.
I find it desirable, in some cases, that the disc of the traveller should rest on the
lower bearing plate when spinning; but there is sometimes a tendency for the pull
of the yarn to lift the disc up into contact with the upper bearing plate. To
counteract this lifting tendency, I make the internal surface of the ring conical so
that, as the lower end of the traveller rubs against such surface, the centrifugal
force tends to draw the traveller downwards towards the larger end of the cone in
opposition to the upward tendency of the pull of the yarn, and I further arrange
the ring and the traveller so that they are moved up and down together at the
same speed as each other.
The second part of my improvements relates to the construction of the bearing
plates which carry the travellers. I make the lower bearing plate of a piece of
sheet metal with a hole of the requisite diameter for the passage through it of the
spindle, and also sometimes, of a short length of tube projecting downwards from
the disc of the traveller; a slit is also provided for passing the thread of yarn into
the aforesaid hole. The plate is bent at the back part to about a right angle, and
is provided at such bent part with spring tongues. The said back part of the
plate is inserted into a spring clip or holder fixed on the traveller bearing rail, and
is held firmly without shake in such clip or holder by the aforesaid spring tongues.
The lower plate has also one or more holes or notches cut in it, and a spring clip
mounted on it between the spindle hole and the bent back part. These parts are
to receive and hold the upper bearing plate which is shaped somewhat like the
lower, bearing plate and has a hole for the spindle and tube of the traveller to pass
through, as also a thread slit each corresponding to the hole and slit in the lower
plate. The upper bearing plate has also one or more lugs bent outwards from its
surface to correspond with the holes or notches in the lower plate. The upper
plate is pushed under the spring clip on the lower plate until the aforesaid lug or
fugs enter the hole or holes, notch or notches, in the lower plate; the two plates
are then in proper relative positions to each other, and are held together firmly
enough for all practical purposes without any screwing or bolting.
According to another arrangement, I make the lower plate as above described
but without the holes or notches and spring clip, and form in it between the
spindle hole and the back bent part, and parallel to the latter, a slot intended to
receive a tongue or tang formed on the upper bearing plate. This latter is
provided with a spindle hole and slit corresponding with those in the lower plate,
and is bent downwards at right angles at a point corresponding with the slot in the
lower plate. This bent portion is of a length corresponding to the distance between
the upper and lower plates, and has on it the tongue or tang abovementioned which,
being passed into the slot, is bent parallel to the upper and lower plates so as to lay
flat against the underside of the latter, and a screw or bolt is then inserted through
the lower plate and the tongue or tang, and the two plates are thereby held securely
together.
In some cases the upper plate may be made of nearly the same size and shape as
the lower plate and be secured thereto by a bolt and nut with steady pins and a
distance piece between them.
The third part of my improvements relates to an arrangement of cam for causing
the rise and fall of the ring and traveller rails. According to this arrangement
construct the cam as a grooved or flanged cam so that it operates on the building-
motion lever by an internal surface or part instead of by an external one as

page_text: heretofore, whereby I am enabled to avoid the accumulation of yarn at the nose of
the cop which is liable to happen with the edge cam now in use, owing to the dwell
in the motion of the building lever while the point of the cam is passing the friction
roller of the said lever. With the cam arranged so that an internal or concave
surface acts on the friction roller, instead of an external or convex surface, the
building motion lever, and consequently the traveller rail, begins to return
immediately the yarn has reached the top of the cop chase.
The fourth part of my improvements relates to means for removing the ring and
traveller rails out of the way when it is required to doff or remove the completed
cops from the spindles. For this purpose I have found it necessary either to lift
the rail or rails to a sufficient height above the spindle points to enable the cops to
be taken off the spindles below the ring rail, or else to raise the rail or rails clear
of the spindle points and then to push back or to swivel the rail or rails sufficiently
to allow the cops to pass. I prefer the latter methods, and for this purpose I mount
the rail on the lifting pokers or rods in such manner that it can swivel or be moved
backward or forward thereon, and to prevent it from getting out of its proper
relative position with regard to the spindles when working, I fix one or more
sockets to the rail adapted to take on to one or more corresponding studs fixed in
suitable positions on the frame or spindle rail of the machine. The tops of these
studs are about even with the top of the spindles or are otherwise so arranged that
the sockets on the rail leave them at or about the same time that the rail, in being
raised for doffing, reaches the tops of the spindles. The sockets on the rail fit
steadily on the studs and slide up and down thereon during the building of the
cops, thereby preserving the concentricity of the rings and traveller-bearing plates
with the spindles. To enable the studs to enter the sockets without difficulty after
the doffing is completed and the rail is swivelled or otherwise returned into its
normal position ready for being lowered again, such studs may be made taper for
a short distance from their upper ends. It will now be understood that after the
rail with its sockets has been lifted clear of the spindles and studs, it may be
Swivelled or otherwise moved back out of the way to give room for doffing and
when that is finished, it may be swivelled or otherwise moved forward again over
the spindles and studs, and then lowered into position for beginning a new series
of cops.
Dated this 93rd day of March 1909
P. P. CRAVEN,
Per W. H. Beck,
115, Cannon Street, London, E.C., Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Spinning, Twisting, and
Doubling Frames.
1, PHINEHAS PEARSON CRAVEN, of 16 Devonshire Street, Ardwick, Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had to
the accompanying three sheets of drawings, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon, that is to say :-
This invention relates more especially to spinning and other frames of the kind
for which Letters Patent were granted to me dated 17th November 1891 No. 19969
but parts thereof are also applicable to spinning, twisting and doubling frames of
other construction.
The first part of my improvements is illustrated in Figures 1 to 16 of the
drawings, and relates to the construction of what is known as the traveller and the
ring in which it works.
Instead of constructing the traveller of a disc and stem in

page_text: one piece, or of a disc and stem made in two pieces, but connected rigidly together,
I make it in two pieces connected together flexibly, that is to say I make the
disc A with its tube B which passes over the spindle, in the usual way; but
I hinge the wire or other stem C to the underside of the disc A in such manner
that the pull of the thread of yarn will draw the guiding end of such stem
inwards against the spindle, or against the partly made cop or bobbin thereou
when the said spindle is commencing its rotation, or is revolving slowly, but
when the speed of the spindle increases, the centrifugal force causes the guiding
end of the said stem to move outwards into contact with the ring D, as shown
in dotted lines in Figures 2, 5, 8 and 10, without affecting the level of the
disc A to which the stem C is hinged, so that the said disc remains constantly.
parallel, or more nearly so than heretofore, to the bearing plate against which
it rotates, whether the guiding end of the stem is close to the spindle or cop
or in contact with the ring. One suitable method of hingeing the wire stem C
to the disc A consists as follows:-Two eyes or staples E are formed with or
secured to the underside of the disc A as shown in Figures 4, 5 and 6, or at the
ends of wires or other supports E' projecting downwards from such disc as shown
in Figures 1, 2, 11, 12, 13 and 14, and the upper end of the stem C is bent or
looped in such manner that it can be passed through or into the said eyes or
staples so as to be free to move therein, but secured from coming out of engage-
ment with such eyes while working, by any suitable means, for example in the
arrangement shown in Figure 1 the end C is passed from right to left through
the eye of the left hand support E' until the looped part C is engaged in the
said eye and the whole traveller C is then turned round into the position shown,
and the right hand support E¹ is sprung or bent to the right until its eye passes
over the end C¹, and it is then sprung or bent back again into the position shown
in which the end C¹ is perfectly secure. In the arrangement shown in Figures 7
and 8 the end C' is passed from left to right through the eyes on the supports E
until the loop C² engages in the eye of the left hand support E', the parts of the
wire at C in both Figures 1 and 7 being bent so close together that they have to
be slightly sprung apart in order to engage the loop C3 in the eyes of the support.
I sometimes bend the upper end of the wire stem C so that it can be engaged in the
eyes of the support by being simply sprung in; such an arrangement is shown, iu.
Figures 4 and 5. In this arrangement the legs of the bowed part C4 are sprung
towards one another until the ends C will pass in between the eyes or staples E
and on then releasing the said legs the ends C³ enter the said eyes or staples and
the stem is thereby secured in place.
A somewhat similar arrangement is shown in Figures 9, 10, 13 and 14 but in
this case the whole of the part C' is passed through say the eye of the left hand
support until the part C is engaged in that eye and the end C is then sprung into
the eye of the right hand support.
Figure 11 is an elevation and Figure 12 an underside view of another means' of
supporting the hinged part of the traveller C. E are sheet metal arms stamped
out of a disc of metal attached to the underside of the disc A. and beut down as
shown. Two of these arms are perforated at E³ in order to receive the upper end
of the stem C of the traveller. The other arms not jused to support the stem C
serve to balance those that do support it, and may be utilised as supports for the
said stem in the event of those in actual use becoming broken or otherwise
injured.
Figures 13 and 14 are elevations taken at right angles to one another of another
meaus of supporting the hinged part of the traveller, and Figure 15 is an underside
view of same.
E is a conical part part secured to the underside of the disc A and
furnished at its lower edge with eyes or staples E to receive the hinged part of the
traveller as shown.
By constructing the travellers in two parts, as above described, and so that the
two parts can be easily connected to or disconnected from each other the part that
moves out and bears against the ring may be made of thicker and stronger wire

page_text: than when such part is formed with or connected rigidly to the other part, thereby
producing a stronger and more durable traveller. And as the lower or wire part
is liable to wear out more rapidly than the upper part the facility of disconnection
enables me to remove the worn part and to substitute a new one for it without
removing the upper part. Or in case of chauging the thickness or count of the
yarn to be spun the wire portion, that is to say the least expensive portion, only of
the traveller need be changed. Furthermore, by having a portion of one of the
parts of the traveller projecting below the disc, and attaching the other part to it,
the combined traveller, that is to say the projecting portion and the connected wire
portion may, together, be much longer than would be practicable if the whole
portion below the disc were in one piece; and this enables me to make a longer
chase on the cop, or to traverse the traveller up and down to a greater extent
without the top of the cop coming into contact with the tube or disc portion of the
traveller, which if it occurs causes the cop to carry round the traveller without
winding the yarn on to the cop.
In order to prevent the entangling of the thread of yarn round the traveller
stem, especially when the said thread is slackened during the process of doffing the
completed cops from the spindles, I place the eye or loop in the traveller stem
through which the thread passes on its way to the spindle or cop at an angle to the
stem of the traveller, and I find that when a thread eye is used on the traveller it
is desirable in order to prevent entangling, that the thread, in passing from the
drawing rollers to the spindle or cop should pass through the eye C7 of the traveller
on to the spindle direct from the inside of the eye, as shown in Figures 1 and 2 and
that the eye should be inside the angle part of the traveller, that is to say between
what may be termed the foot of the traveller and the spindle as shown at C³ in
Figures 2, 5, 8, 10 and 14.
In order to prevent the yarn from slipping out of the eye of the traveller, which
sometimes happens, I continue the wire beyond the eye C in the form of a short
finger C° see Figures 4, 5, 9, 10, 13 and 14, over which the yarn must be lifted
when arranging it in the traveller, as in the operation of piecing up for example.
By this means the yarn is prevented from slipping out of the eye without having
been previously lifted over the aforesaid finger.
The part of the traveller that comes in contact, when in motion, with the ring,
is liable to a certain amount of wear and tear from the friction generated, and
when that part forms the eye or thread guide the said wear and tear renders the
traveller stem useless in a comparatively short time. In order to make the traveller
stem wear longer I bend the short finger mentioned in the last paragraph back-
wards or outwards, as shown at C" in Figures 5, 10 and 14, so as to cause the end
of the wire composing the finger to rub against the ring, thereby transferring the
wear and tear from the stem itself to the end of the wire; and this backwardly or
outwardly bent part of the wire may be made much longer than the mere diameter
of the wire composing the stem, thus enabling it to wear proportionately longer.
The aforesaid wear and tear may be taken by a part of the wire being bent
back from the eye C7 as shown at C" in Figures 1, 2, 7, 8 and 11.
I find it desirable in some cases that the disc A of the traveller should rest on
the lower bearing plate F (see Figure 16) when spinning, but there is sometimes
a tendency for the pull of the yarn to lift the disc up into contact with the upper
bearing plate G. To counteract this lifting tendency I make the internal surface
of the ring D conical as shown so that as the lower end of the traveller C rubs
against such surface the centrifugal force tends to draw the traveller downwards
towards the larger end of the coue in opposition to the upward tendency of the pull
of the yarn.
And I further arrange the ring and the traveller so that they arc
moved up and down together at the same speed as each other and for this purpose
I connect the ring rail H to the rail J carrying the traveller bearing plates F G
by brackets K as shown in Figure 16.
The second part of my improvements relates to the construction of the bearing
plates which carry the travellers, and is illustrated in Figures 17 to 22 of the

page_text: •
drawings in which Figure 17 is a side view, Figure 18 a plan and Figure 19 a front
view of bearing plates constructed in accordance with this part of the improve-
ments, while Figures 20, 21 and 22 show modifications of parts of same to be
hereafter described. I make the lower bearing plate L of a piece of sheet metal
with a hole L' of the requisite diameter for the passage through it of the spindle,
and also sometimes, of a short length of tube projecting downwards from the disc
of the traveller; a slit L' is also provided for passing the thread of yarn into the
aforesaid hole. The plate L is bent at the back part L' to about a right angle,
and such back part is inserted into a spring clip or bolder M fixed on the traveller
bearing rail J and is held firmly without shake in such clip or holder by one or
more spring tongues M¹. Between the spindle hole L' and the back part L', and
parallel to the latter, a slot is formed through which is passed a tongue or tang Ni
formed on the upper bearing plate N. This latter is provided with a spindle
hole N and slit N corresponding with those in the lower plate L and is bent
downwards at right angles at a point corresponding with the slot in the lower plate.
This bent portion is of a length corresponding to the distance between the upper
and lower plates and has on it the tongue or tang N' which being passed into the slot
is bent parallel to the upper and lower plates so as to lay flat against the under
side of the latter, and a screw N or a bolt is then inserted to hold the two plates
securely together.
Instead of the spring clip or holder M shown in Figures 17, 18 and 19 a cast
metal holder M² shown in side and plan views, Figures 20 and 21, may be employed,
a suitable spring tongue piece such as M', Figure 19, for example, or other suitable
device being used to hold the back part L' of the bearing plates in place in the
grooves of the holder.
In some cases the upper plate may be made of nearly the same size, and shape as
the lower plate and be secured thereto by a bolt and nut with a distance piece P
between them as shown in Figure 22.
The third part of my improvements relates to an arrangement of cam for
causing the rise and fall of the ring and traveller rails. Figure 23 is an elevation
and Figure 24 a section on the line 1-1 of Figure 23, of a cam made in accordance
with this part of my iniprovements.
According to this arrangement the cam Q is constructed with a flange Q* so that
it operates on the friction bowl Q' of the building motion lever by an internal
surface or part Q instead of by an external one as heretofore, whereby I am
enabled to avoid the accumulation of yarn at the nose of the cop, which is liable to
happen with the edge cam now in use, owing to the dwell in the motion of the
building lever while the point of the cam is passing the friction roller of the said
lever. With the cam arranged so that an internal or concave surface acts on the
friction roller instead of an external or convex surface, the building motion lever,
and consequently the traveller rail, begins to return immediately the yarn has
reached the top of the cop chase.
The fourth part of my improvements relates to the means employed for removing
the ring and traveller rails out of the way when it is required to doff or remove
the completed cops from the spindles, and this part of my improvements is illustrated
in Figures 25 to 28 of the drawings, in which Figure 25 is a plan of one end of a
ring rail with my improvements applied; Figures 26, 27 and 28 sectional elevations
taken on lines 2-2, 3-3 and 4-4 of Figure 25.
For this purpose I prefer to raise the ring rail H clear of the spindles R and
then to push back the said rail sufficiently to allow the cops to pass as shown in
Figure 26. The rail H instead of being mounted directly on the lifting pokers or
rods, of which one is shown at S in Figures 25 and 26, is mounted on the ends of
two or more racks T which slide in corresponding brackets U which rest by their
sockets U₁ on the tops of the pokers S. V is a shaft running the full length of the
frame and turning in lugs Ucast with the brackets U and sockets U¹. This
shaft has secured on it pinions V' which gear with the racks T. By turning the
shaft V when the rail H has been raised clear of the points of the spindles the

page_text: said rail H can be moved backwards into the position shown in Figures 25 and 26
or forward over the spindles. I fix to the rail H any required number of guide
pieces W provided with holes or sockets W which when the rail is moved forward
so as to bring the centres of the rings D over the centres of the spindles R and is
lowered into position for spinning a fresh set of cops, take on to corresponding
studs X fixed in suitable positions on the frame or spindle rail of the machine.
The tops of these studs X are about even with the top of the spindles R so that
the holes or sockets W1 leave them at or about the same time that the rail H, in
being raised for doffing, reaches the top of the spindles. The holes or sockets W1
fit steadily on the studs X, and slide up and down thereon during the building of
the cops, thereby preserving the concentricity of the rings and traveller bearing
plates with the spindles notwithstanding the separation of the lifting pokers or
rods from direct connection with the rail H. To enable the studs X to enter
the holes or sockets W₁ without difficulty after the doffing is completed and the
rail H has been returned to position ready for being lowered again, such studs
may be made taper, as shown in Figure 26, for a short distance from their upper
ends, and to further facilitate the entry of the studs the holes W' may be flared or
bell-mouthed at their lower edges as shown in Figure 27.
Similar letters of reference relate, wherever they occur, to like parts in all the
figures of the drawings.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. In ring spinning, twisting and doubling frames a traveller consisting of a
disc or other part revolving freely round the spindle and having a stem carrying
the guide or eye for the thread flexibly connected or hinged thereto, substantially
as described.
Second. In ring spinning, twisting and doubling frames a traveller consisting
of two parts flexibly connected together in such manner that the thread guiding
end of one part is free to be drawn by the thread against the spindle or cop when
the spindle is commencing its otation, or is revolving slowly, and to be pressed by
centrifugal force against the ring when the speed is sufficiently increased, without
affecting the level of the other part, substantially as described.
Third. In travellers for ring spinning twisting and doubling frames made in two
parts flexibly connected together, so constructing and arranging the said parts.
that they can be connected together or disconnected from each other substantially
as described.
Fourth. In travellers for ring spinning twisting and doubling frames placing the
eye between the foot of the traveller and the spindle as at C in Fgures 2, 5, 8, 10
and 14 of the drawings in such manner that the thread, passes direct from the inside
of the said eye to the spindle or cop, substantially as described and for the purpose
specified.
Fifth. In travellers for ring spinning, twisting and doubling frames the use of a
finger such as C extending beyond the thread eye, substantially as described
with reference to Figures 4,5, 9, 10, 13 and 14 of the drawings and for the purpose
specified.
Sixth. In travellers for ring spinning, twisting and doubling frames the use of a
part such as C or C" bent backwards or outwards and so shaped as to come in
contact with the ring when spinning, substantially as described with reference to
Figures 1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11 and 14 of the drawings and for the purpose specified.
Seventh. In ring spinning, twisting and doubling frames in which the travellers
and rings rise and fall together at the same speed, constructing the ring with an
internal conical surface for the purpose of preventing the disc of the traveller from
coming into contact with the upper bearing plate, substantially as described with
reference to Figure 16 of the drawings.
Eighth. In ring spinning, twisting and doubling frames the construction of the

page_text: traveller bearing plates and the method of attaching same to the lifting rail,
substantially as described with reference to Figures 17 to 22 of the drawings.
Ninth. In ring spinning, twisting and doubling frames the use of a spring clip or
holder for attaching the traveller bearing plates to the lifting rail, substantially as
described with reference to Figures 17, 18 and 19 of the drawings.
Tenth. In spinning, twisting and doubling frames the use of a building motion
cam having an internally acting surface, substantially as described.
Eleventh. In spinning, twisting and doubling frames in which the lifting rails
are moved clear of the spindles for the purpose of enabling the cops to be doffed,
the use of guide studs fixed on a stationary part of the machine, and of guide pieces
fixed to the lifting rails and provided with guide holes or sockets adapted to slide
on the said guide studs, combined and operating substantially as described with
reference to Figures 25, 26 and 27 of the drawings.
Dated this 22nd day of Januow 1001
P. P. CRAVEN,
Per W. H. Beck,
115, Cannon Street, London, Agent.