IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMPOSING AND DIS- TRIBUTING TYPES
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMPOSING AND DIS-
TRIBUTING TYPES."-A communication.
Sealed the 27th January 1857, and dated the 8th August 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th August 1856.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMPOSING AND DIS-
TRIBUTING TYPES," to be as follows:-
In the composing machine, which forms part of the present Invention, the
types are arranged in a peculiarly constructed case, which is divided longi-
tudinally by thin partitions into separate compartments, which are open at the
top and bottom ends. In these compartments, of which there is one for each
letter or character, the types are arranged upon their ends with their faces
uppermost, the types being pressed towards the forward end of the case by a
block or plunger, of which there is one for each letter and division of the case.
They are either metallic or wooden blocks, and of a width just sufficient to fill

page_text: the type compartments, and to move easily therein; they are kept uniformly
and constantly pressed up against the types, and are fed along as the types are
withdrawn by means of a series of rods, the forward ends of which press
against the blocks, and their rear ends run in guides in the frame of the
machine. These rods are provided with bands which are attached thereto, and
pass once round a common cylinder or drum, which is caused to turn a short
distance upon its axis each time a single type is composed.
This drum is actuated by a pawl upon the arm, which is connected with an
excentric upon the driving shaft. The pawl engages with the teeth of a
ratchet wheel upon the end of the drum, and drives it one notch each time the
shaft revolves. In those compartments from which a type has been removed
the blocks are thus fed forward by the friction of the bands upon the drum, so.
as to bring the next type up against the end of the case; but in those compart-
ments from which types have not been withdrawn the blocks remain stationary,
the bands which drive them slipping round the drum as the latter revolves.
The manner in which the types are selected and withdrawn from the case in
succession as they are required will now be explained.
There are a series of levers, one for each compartment of the case, and
which are arranged side by side beneath this case, and are furnished with
blocks or keys to be operated upon by the fingers of the compositor."
These levers are pivoted to the framework of the machine, and are each
connected by a pin with a lever which terminates. in a spring, which is
furnished at its rear end with a slot, through which passes a screw or pin, by
means of which the levers are adjusted in the exact position required. The levers
are thus allowed to rise and fall without friction whenever the keys are de-
pressed or released. At its forward end each lever carries a spring finger, which
enters a small opening at. bottom of the end of the type compartments, and as
the key. is 'depressed, a single type is forced out of its compartment into a
trough or passage through which it is "transferred to the 'composing stick by
means of a reciprocating or travelling plunger actuated by a crank connected
with the main shaft.
When the line of type 'is finished it is to be moved forward 'on to 'the
galley; between this galley and the table upon which the types stand there is
a space of sufficient width to permit the passage of a single lead from a 'second
galley below. This lead is thrown up in front of the types by means of a
lever below; these leads are fed forward by a plunger, which is forced forward
by a weighted cord.
The line of type is forced forward upon the galley by a lever which is
actuated by a cam fixed on a shaft below, and actuated by any convenient

page_text: contrivance communicating with the driving shaft, and as the cam shaft
rotates it pushes the lever forward, and moves the line of type on to the galley.
As each succeeding line of type is thus thrown forward, it carries with it the
column of matter upon the galley. a distance equal to the thickness of the
type..
The above-described machine is to be operated by power applied to the
driving shaft, the types being selected and pushed out by the finger lever
operated upon by the band of the compositor.
The machine by the use of which the types are distributed will now be
described :-The case in which the types are to be arranged is drawn out of
the composer and placed in the distributor. The column of type to be dis-
tributed is placed upon a galley or table in front of the plunger, which is fed
up. gradually as the types are distributed, as will be hereafter described. This
galley has a stationary side and a spring side; the latter is pivoted at one end,
and at the other extends to within the breadth of a type of the edge of the
galley. It is pressed up by a spring, and thus the column of type is held
stationary, with the exception of the first line, which is left free to be fed along
as the types are distributed.
The types are selected from the extreme end of this line by means of a
spring finger which passes up and down through an aperture in the corner of
the galley, and is attached to an arm upon the end of a lever which is secured
to the frame. This arm is actuated by a cam upon a shaft which carries a
crank, by turning which motion is communicated to the operating parts of tho
machine. As the type is thrown up it is received between a case and a lever,
one end of which is pivoted to the frame, the other end being furnished with
a cushion, which permits the passage of the type, but holds it with a gentle
pressure. This case that receives the type from the mass or column is called
the forwarding case, and is furnished with compartments similar to those in the
case of the composing machine. At intervals it is vibrated back and forth an
amount equal to the distance between two contiguous types. There is also a
stationary case, called the trial case, which is also furnished with compartments
corresponding to those in the other cases. This case is placed directly in front
of the forwarding case, and immediately over the case from the composing
machine. The edges of the types are furnished with nicks, the position of
which varies upon each letter, and the compartments of the trial case are fur-
nished with pins, the position of which corresponds with the nicks upon the
types, each type having a certain combination of nicks differing from that upon
all the others, while each compartment of the trial case has a certain arrange-
ment or combination of pins corresponding to the nicks upon one of the types.

page_text: If now a type be presented to one of the compartments of the trial case, if
the nicks upon the type correspond with the pins in this compartment, the
type is allowed to enter and drop through into the corresponding compartment
of the case from the composing machine; should the arrangement of nicks upon
the type differ from that of the pins in the case, the type is rejected and passed
along to the next compartment; it is thus offered to each one of the com-
partments of the trial case, until it arrives at the compartment having the
proper combination of pins, when it is allowed to enter as before stated, and
pass through to the case from the composing machine.
As the single types are distributed into their proper compartments in the
composing machine case, the line is pushed forwards by plungers actuated by
suitable mechanism connected with the main shaft. The successive lines of
type are brought up by means of a plunger which rests against the column of
type, and forces it forward. A rod connected with this plunger is fed forward
by a band which passes round a horizontal drum; a series of pins are made to
project from the drum, against which a cam upon a short shaft strikes at the
proper time, and thus the drum is revolved a short distance, and the plunger
is fed up, carrying with it a new line of type in line with the plunger, and the
distributing continues as before.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of tho Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 7th February 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of August, in the year of our Lord 1856,
in the 20th year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Edward Newton, Her special
license that I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Edward Newton,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY

page_text: FOR COMPOSING AND DISTRIBUTING TYPES," being a communication from abroad,
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Edward
Newton, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention; and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
Figs. 1 & 2 are perspective views of the composing machine; Fig. 9 a
perspective view of the distributing machine. Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11,
12, & 13, details which will be referred to hereafter.
In the composing machine the types are arranged in a peculiarly constructed
case (A of the several Figures), which is divided longitudinally by thin par-
titions into separate apartments, which are open at the top and rear end.
In these apartments, of which there is one for each letter, the types are
arranged upon their ends with their faces uppermost, as seen at a, in Fig. 7,
which represents a longitudinal section through one of the apartments, the
types being pressed towards the forward end of the case by the quods b. The
end c of the case A, as also one end of the partitions (e, Fig. 7) running through
it, are allowed to project a short distance beneath the bottom of the case, for
the purpose
of guiding and steadying the spring n, which throws out the types,
as will be presently more fully explained. The quods b, of which there is one for
each letter and division of the case A are metallic or wooden blocks of a width
just sufficient to fill the type compartments, and to move easily therein; they are
kept uniformly and constantly pressed up against the types, and are fed along as
the types are withdrawn in the following manner:-J are a series of rods, the
forward ends of which press against the quods, the rear ends running in guides
in the frame of the machine; fare bands, seen in red in Fig. 7, which are
attached at i and h to the rods J, and pass once round the cylinder or drum K;
this drum is caused to turn a short distance upon its axis each time a single
type is composed by the pawl k upon the arm.l, the latter being connected with
the eccentric E upon the driving shaft C by a strap d in the ordinary manner.
The pawl k, thus operated, engages with the teeth of the ratchet wheel V upon
the drum, and drives it one notch each time the shaft revolves. In those
apartments of the case A from which the type has been removed the quods

page_text: (b, Fig. 7) are thus fed forward by the friction of the bands fupon the drum
K, so as to bring the next type up against the end c of the case; but in those
compartments from which types have not been withdrawn the quods. remain
stationary, the bands f which drive them slipping round the drum K as 'the
latter revolves.
The manner in which the types are selected and withdrawn from the
case in succession as they are required will now be explained:-N are levers,
one for each apartment of the case A, which are arranged side by side
beneath this case, and are furnished with blocks or keys O (Figs. 1, 7, & 8)
to be operated upon by the fingers of the compositor. These levers are pivoted
at g to the framework of the machine, and are each connected by a pin at m
with a lever L, which terminates in a spring n³, which is furnished at its rear
end with a slot, through which passes a screw-or-pin o, by means of which the
levers L are adjusted in the exact position required. The levers L are thus
allowed to rise and fall without friction whenever the keys are depressed or
released. At its forward end each lever carries a spring finger n, which enters
a small opening in the end of the type apartments, and as the key O and lever
Laro depressed a single type is forced out of its apartment (Fig. 7) into a
trough or passage, through which it is transferred to the composing stick, as
will now be explained. A² is a smooth stationary timber or slide, the face of
which is in the plane of the inside of the front of the case A, (Fig. 7.) This
slide forms one side of the trough, which receives the type as it is ejected from
the case, the other side being formed by the thin guide or plate D, which is
hinged to the slide A², and up to which it is pressed by a spring (not shown in
the Drawing), by which means the type is held from falling, as will be here-
after more fully described. The levers M, of which there is one at each end
of the machine, are pivoted at r, and are connected together by the bar m,
which rests upon the top of all the bars L, and whenever one of the latter is
raised by the depression of a key, the bars M are raised, and the plate D is
allowed to press against the type. and hold it steadily; as follows:-This plate
is connected with a short lever R by the rod P, which is pivoted to the frame-
work at a, and is seen detached in Fig. 13, where it is represented in two
positions, one being indicated in black, the other in red. When the lever is in
the position indicated in black, the plate D is pressed up against the type, and
the latter is held from falling by a slight friction. Previous to the elevation of
another type the lever R is thrown over into the position seen in red, and the
plate is thus drawn back to permit the type to enter between it and the slide
A. This motion of the lever R is effected by a cani upon the side of the
eccentric E, which actuates at the required moment a crank t, by which the

page_text: lever is thrown over into the position seen in red, and the plate D is drawn
away from the slide. So soon as the type has entered a short distance between
it and the slide, the plate is caused to return to the position seen in black,
(Fig. 13), by the following means:-9 is a standard or rod, which rises from
one of the levers M, and as this lever is raised by the depression of any one of
the keys it strikes against the lever R, and throws it again into the position
seen in black.
The type is now to be transferred to the stick, and this is effected by
means of the plunger B, which slides in grooves, the one in the slide A³,
and the other in a side piece s, seen in end view in Fig. 2, in section in
Fig. 7, and broken away in Fig. 1, to show the parts behind it. t is a thin
rod or plate projecting down from the plunger B, and between, the slide A³ and
plate D (Fig. 7), by which means the type is carried along as the plunger
advances until it is delivered on to the "stick" immediately in advance of
another plunger T, which is retracted slightly, as will be presently explained,
for the purpose of admitting it. The plunger B is actuated by a crank u upon
the shaft C, and the plunger T is set in motion by means of suitable connections
a with the eccentric E. As each type is moved on by the plunger T, the types
preceding it in the line are forced forward against the movable stop B², which.
yields as the successive types are added to the line, and is held up against them.
by the weight Q. To prevent the return of the stop B' when the plunger T
recedes, a spring pawl engages with a rack upon the bar w attached to the.
stop B, or with a ratchet wheel in gear with the said bar, and the stop is thus
prevented from returning. When a new line of type is to be commenced the
spring pawl vis tripped by hand or otherwise, and the stop is drawn back by
its weight Q into position to receive the first type of the next line. The finished
line of type is now to be moved forward on to the galley ✗. Between this
galley and the bottom upon which the types stand there is a space of sufficient
width to permit the passage of a single lead from the galley X below, which
lead is thrown up in front of the types in the following manner:-a (Figs.
2 & 3) represents the finished line of type resting upon the ledge or bottom L;
between this ledge and the galley X, as before stated, there is a narrow slit or
space for the passage of the leads m³, which are seen (in section) resting upon
the galley X in Fig. 3. These leads are kept up against the "bottom" L
by the plunger Z, which is forced forward by the weighted cord C³, which passes
over the pulley y. Y is a rule, and Y'a thin plunger, both attached to the post
D³, which is allowed to slide up and down in the bearings or guidesz, z, ; His
a beain, which is pivoted at one end to the framework, and at the other is
secured to the post D². E' is a shaft, to which one revolution is imparted by

page_text: hand upon the completion of each line of type; the beam H is thus raised
by the cam G, and with it the post Ds and the rule Y and plunger Y'. As
the latter rises it forces one of the leads m³ up in advance of the line of type,
the rule Y at the same time rising to give place to the lead. A portion of the
cam G is concentric with its axis of revolution, so that the rule Y is held up
out of the way long enough to permit the line of type to be advanced on to
the galley X, which is effected as follows:-F is a lever pivoted to the block H³,
and which bears against the bottom of the lever 12; this lever is pivoted to
the framework at 6, and carries upon its top the cross bar G', which lies
immediately in the rear of the line of type a. K is a cam upon the shaft E³,
which strikes the lever F as the shaft revolves, by which means the cross bar
G is forced forwards, and the line of type a is moved on to the galley X. As
each succeeding line-of-type is thus thrown forward, it carries with it the
column of matter upon the galley a distance equal to the thickness of the line
of type; the rule Y and the plunger Y are now allowed to descend as the
cam G revolves, and another line is composed as before. The crank u is
connected with the pitman W, which actuates the plunger B in a peculiar
manner, which is represented in Figs. 5 & 6. W is the pitman, to which are
secured the two thin springs f; these springs enter a mortise in the block e³,
attached to the crank u, and in case of any obstruction to the motion of the
plunger B, the springs f yield, and are drawn out of the mortise in the block e*,
and the parts are easily separated without occasioning fracture or other injury
to the parts.
The above-described machino is operated by power applied in the following
manner is a pulley that runs loosely upon the shaft C, and is driven by a
band from any motive power; M² is a ratchet wheel, which is secured to the
pulley F, and runs with it constantly upon the shaft. At intervals when the
machine is in operation the pulley and ratchet wheel are clutched with the
shaft by the following device:-N2 is an arm secured to the shaft C, and
carrying a pawl d', which when left to itself engages with the teeth of the
ratchet wheel M³, and thus the shaft C is caused to rotate with pulley F³.
O³, Figs. 1 and 4, is a lever pivoted to the frame at g, and having a notch at
its other end against which the pawl d² strikes, when the lever is allowed to
rise, by which means the pawl is disengaged from the ratchet wheel, and the
pulley revolves without carrying the shaft. Whenever the lever O2 is depressed
the pawl d³ engages with the teeth of the ratchet wheel, and the shaft revolves
with the pulley. The lever 03 is connected with another lever På by the bar
or rod Q, and is shoved down by the levers M, whenever the latter are raised
by the depression of the keys O. The levers O2 & P' are retained in an

page_text: clevated position when not depressed by the levers M, by a spring beneath one.
of them (not seen in the Drawings), or in any other suitable manner.
The operation of this machine is as follows:-The types being arranged
within the apartments of the case A, a single key O is depressed, by which
means the corresponding lever L is raised, its spring n entering the slit in the
end of the apartment, and forcing out a type, as seen in Fig. 7. The lever R
is now tripped, and the plate D is allowed to spring up and hold the type
against the slide A'. As soon as this has taken place the levers M strike
against the lever P³, by which means the other lever Os is also drawn down,
and the pawl & being thus left free engages with the ratchet wheel F*, and
the shaft C is set in motion; the plunger B now advances, and the type is
carried to the end of the trough. At this point it is received by the plunger T,
which carries it into the line of type (Fig. 2) being composed; the stop B³
being forced back against the operation of its weight Q a distance equal to
the thickness of the type, and prevented from returning by the spring pawl v..
When the line of type is full, the operator turns the shaft E, and raises the
rule Y, at the same instant forcing up a lead m² (Fig. 3) from the galley X
directly in front of the types. The cross bar G² is now thrown forward by
the cam K' upon the shaft E, and the line of type is transferred to the
galley X. Another key is then depressed, and the operation continues, as
before. Between each separate step the drum K is fed slightly forward for
the purpose of forcing up the types in the apartment from which the last ono
was extracted. P is a block which sustains the rear ends of the levers N.
The machine, by the use of which the types are distributed, will now
be described: The case A is drawn out of the composer, and placed in the
distributor, as seen in Fig. 9. Figs. 10, 11, & 12 are details of the machine.
The column of type to be distributed is placed upon the galley R³ in front of
the plunger S, which is fed up gradually as the types are distributed, as will
be hereafter described. This galley has a stationary side h, and a spring
side; the latter pivoted at one end, and at the other extends to within the
breadth of a type of the edge of the galley; it is pressed up by a spring ³,
and thus the column of type is beld stationary, with the exception of the first
line, which is left free to be fed along as the types are distributed. a, a,
(Fig. 9,) represents a line of type being distributed, it being the last line of
the column. The types are selected from the extreme end of this line by
means of a spring finger (not shown in the Drawings), which passes up and
down through an aperture in the corner of the galley, and is similar to the
finger n of Fig. 7. This finger is attached to an arm & upon the end of a
lever, which is secured to the frame at d. The arm &, which is arranged

page_text: and operates exactly like the lever L in the composer, is actuated by a cam c
upon the shaft ; this shaft carries a crank f³, by turning which motion is
communicated to the operating parts of the machine. As the type is thrown
up it is received between the case and the lever g³, one end of which is
pivoted to the frame, the other end being furnished with a cushion, which
permits the passage of the type, but holds it with a gentle pressure between
the lever and the case t³. This latter case is called the forwarding case, and
is furnished with apartments corresponding to those in the case A. At intervals
it is vibrated back and forth in the following manner-a³ is a cam upon the
revolving shaft, and has a projecting tooth 65, which strikes one or other of
the pins c, c, that project from a vertical post A5 (Fig. 12). This post carries
at its upper end a crank k*, which is so connected with the forwarding case, that
as the shaft A vibrates the case shall be carried back and forth an amount
equal to the distance from centre to centre between two of its contiguous
apartments. R³, Figure 11, are quods, of which there is one in each apart-
ment of the case t³, and which are pressed up towards the end of the case by
springs d'; 3 is a stationary case called the trial case, which is also furnished
with apartments corresponding to those in the other cases; this case is placed
directly in front of the forwarding case t³, and immediately over the case A.
The edges of the types are furnished with nicks, the position of which varies
upon each letter; and the apartments of the trial case 3 (seen in plan in
Fig 11) are furnished with pins, the positions of which correspond with the
nicks upon the types, each type having a certain combination of nicks differing
from that upon all the others, while each apartment of the case s³ has a certain
arrangement or combination of pins corresponding to the nicks upon one of
the types. If now a type be presented to one of the apartments of the case s³,
if the nicks upon the type correspond with the pins in this apartment, the
type is allowed to enter and drop through into the corresponding apartment of
the case A. Should the arrangement of nicks upon the type differ from that
of the pins in the apartment, the type is rejected and passed along to the next
apartment; it is thus offered to each one of the apartments of the case s³
until it arrives at the apartment having, the proper combination of pins,
when it is allowed to enter, as before stated, and is passed through to the
case A.
This part of the operation is performed as follows:-The type, after having
been raised, is held by the cushion upon the lever opposite to the end of the
forwarding case t³. w³ (Fig. 9) is a plunger, which is connected by the rod a
with an upright lever (Fig. 12) that is actuated by the cam y upon the
shaft. So soon as the type is elevated, the forwarding case t³ is moved back

page_text: a sufficient distance to bring its first apartment opposite to the type just raised;
the plunger w³ is now brought up, and forces the type into the first apartment
of the forwarding case t³, and retains it there, the quod R³ yielding to permit
it to enter. is a rest upon the top of the forwarding case t; this rest is
pressed towards the cases by springs ³. To enable this case to be thus
moved, the quods R³ are drawn back sufficiently to permit them to clear the
cases in the following manner:-G³ is a plate pivoted at the top and con-
nected by links or otherwise with all the quods R³. At the required instant
a cam (seen dotted in Fig. 12) strikes against the plate and draws it and the
quods back, so that the latter entirely clear the case s³. The forwarding case
is, now moved along, as before explained, until the apartment containing the
1 type is opposite to the 2d apartment of the case ³. The plunger w³ is
now retracted, which permits the type to enter the 1* apartment of case 5³.
If the arrangement of the pins in this apartment correspond with that of the
nicks in the type, the latter is forced past the pins, and drops through into the
case A below. A new type is now thrown up, as before explained, and the
case t³ is vibrated back again, and the plunger w³ is caused again to advance.
If the 1 type still remains in the mouth of the case, it is carried by the
plunger into the 24 apartment of the case to, the 2d type being at the
same time forced into the 1* apartment of this case, which is now again
vibrated so as to bring its 2d apartment opposite to the 2d apartment of
case; the plunger w³ is now again retracted, and the 1st type is forced into
the mouth of the 2d apartment of the case s³. If it again find the pins in this
apartment unfavourable to its entrance, it is once more returned to the case t³
by the plunger w³, and is presented in succession to each apartment of the
trial case until the one is found having the proper arrangement of pins,
when it is allowed to pass through, as before explained, to the case A below.
Beneath the case is a beam, running parallel with the shaft 2³, to which
beam are attached a series of pins perpendicular to the beam, each of which
pins extends horizontally through an orifice in the front of the case A. This
beam (not shown in the Drawings) is connected with a cam on the shaft, by
which means the pins are moved in and out of the case at each revolution of
the shaft, thus pressing forward the type which are in the case A, to make room
for those that drop from the case s³.
The manner in which the line of type is forced forward as each type
is withdrawn will now be explained-e is a plunger upon the end of
the rod ; this rod and plunger are fed forward by the slipping band P,
which passes once around the drum m³, the latter being actuated in a
manner similar to the drum k of the composer by suitable connections

page_text: n³, o, with the shaft r³. When a line of types has been distributed the
plunger is withdrawn as follows:-A³ is a wheel similar to the wheel F2
of Fig. 1, and like it running loosely upon its shaft; B³, an arm, attached to
the shaft, and having a pawl that engages with the teeth of a ratchet wheel
secured to the wheel A³. This pawl is tripped by striking against the
stop p. When this stop is raised, the pawl engages with the wheel, and the
shaft a is caused to revolve with the wheel. The stop p³ is raised in the
following manner :-q³ is a lever pivoted in the centre, and connected, by means
of the arm b', with the stop p³. When the last type in the line is distributed,
the plunger strikes against the lever q³ and raises the stop 23, and the shaft a'
immediately commences to revolve. The cam C³ secured to this shaft now
strikes against the lever D³, which is connected with the lever T3 by the
cord Es; and by this means the plunger is withdrawn. The stop p³immie-
diately returns to its place, and after a single revolution the wheel A³ is
disengaged from its shaft and continues to revolve without it.
The manner in which the successive lines of type are brought up will now be
described S is a plunger, which rests against the column of type and forces
it forward. c' is a rod connected with this plunger, and is fed forward by the
band d', which passes round the drum F. e are a series of pins, projecting
from the drum F³, against which a cam upon the shaft a strikes at the proper
time, and thus the drum F is revolved a short distance, and the plunger S*
is fed up, carrying with it a new line of type into line with the plunger e³,
and the distributing continues as before.
For the purpose of breaking the type apart and preventing them from
adhering together, the device represented in Fig. 10 is employed.
.
As the type arrives at the corner of the gallery, its top is pressed over by the
plunger II, and it is again restored to its position by a suitable spring upon
the end of the galley side h³.
Having now set forth the nature of this Invention, and described the manner
of carrying the same into effect; I wish it understood that under the above
recited Letters Patent I claim,-
1st. The within-described machine for composing types, operating in the
manner substantially as set forth.
2d. The method herein described of selecting the types from the cases by
means of the springs n, or their equivalents, operating in connection with the
keys o in the manner substantially as herein set forth.
3d. The method of transferring the types to the stick by means of 'the
plungers B&T or their substantial equivalents, as set forth.
4th. I claim raising the rule Y and throwing forward the line of type upon.

page_text: the galley by the means herein described, or by any means substantially the
equivalent thereof.
5th. I claim the method of feeding forward the types in the cases by means
of the slipping bands f, rods j, and cylinder K, or their equivalents, operating
in the manner substantially as herein set forth.
6th. I claim the wheel F, with its ratchet wheel M³, and the connections
N, O, d, or their equivalents, whereby this wheel is caused to give motion to
the shaft C whenever any one of the keys is depressed, as set forth.
7th. I claim the within-described method of connecting the crank u with the
pitman W by means of the springs f* operating as set forth.
8th. I claim the distributing machine constructed, arranged, and operating
in the manner substantially as herein described, by means of which a column
of type, when placed in the machine, is distributed automatically, in the
manner set forth.
9th. The method herein described of forwarding the types to the trial case by
means of the vibrating case & operating in the manner substantially as set
forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Sixth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
W. E. NEWTON. (L.B.)