IMPROVEMENTS IN LETTER-PRESS PRINTING, AND IN MACHINERY FOR PRINTING AND FOLDING PAPER, AND FOR WRAPPING UP, PASTING, AND ADDRESSING FOLDED SHEETS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Conquest, of Tudor Street, in the City of
London, Mechanical Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LETTER-PRESS PRINTING, AND IN MACHINERY FOR PRINTING AND FOLDING
PAPER, AND FOR WRAPPING UP, PASTING, AND ADDRESSING FOLDED
SHEETS." A communication from abroad by Messieurs R. Hoe and
Company, of the City of New York, United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Conquest at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd October 1881.
WILLIAM CONQUEST, of Tudor Street, in the City of London, Mechanical
Engineer. * IMPROVEMENTS IN LETTER PRESS PRINTING, AND IN MACHINERY
FOR PRINTING AND FOLDING PAPER, AND FOR WRAPPING UP, PASTING, AND
ADDRESSING FOLDED SHEETS." A communication from abroad by Messieurs
R. Hoe and Company, of the City of New York, United States of America.
This Invention relates chiefly to web printing machines in which but one type
cylinder is used, the formes to print both sides of the paper being placed thereon at
one time, and in which the paper after it is printed on one side from these formes
is reversed or turned over and is printed from them on its opposite side, as in the
manner described in the Specifications of two Patents granted to Edwyn Anthony
and William Wilberforce Taylor, and dated respectively March 27th, 1875,
No. 1127, and August 31st, 1875, No. 3056, and the improvements thereon consist,
firstly, in a novel manner of entering the end of the web of paper through the
machine; secondly, in a novel arrangement of the paper travelling rollers, whereby
the printing of newspapers is effected in a more expeditious and satisfactory
manner than heretofore, and the machinery is rendered applicable to the printing
of supplements to newspapers; thirdly, in a novel arrangement of the folding
apparatus which usually forms part of such machines; and, fourthly, in the addition
to such printing and folding mechanisms of apparatus for further folding, wrapping
up, pasting, and addressing the printed matter ready for posting.
Although it is intended that the Invention shall apply more particularly to the
printing of newspapers from a continuous web or roll of paper from type, whereby
the saving of time, and expense of stereotyping is avoided, the saving of time being

page_text: a considerable item in issuing second or evening editions, it will be evident that it
is also applicable to the printing of newspapers, or any other kind of printed
matter from type on sheets of paper or from stereotype on either sheets or a web.
In carrying out this Invention the machine is arranged to print at the same
time from two webs or rolls of paper, placed preferably one below and the other
above the type cylinder. The impression cylinders are arranged in pairs around
the type cylinder, each with their inking rollers, four impression cylinders to either
web of paper. The paper when printed is passed to cutting cylinders, and if to bo
flown open, to collecting cylinders and thence to sheet flyers; or after cutting to a
folding mechanism, which may also collect; or to a mechanism for cutting, collecting,
folding, wrapping up, pasting, and addressing ready for the mail, as will be
hereafter more particularly described.
The sets of formes are secured to the type cylinder on opposite sides thereof, ench
set of formes covering one fourth of the circumference of the cylinder, the spaces
between each set of formes serving as inking surfaces. Between the two pairs of
impression cylinders on either side of the type cylinder a turning apparatus is
placed, so that the web of paper after being printed on one side at two impression
cylinders is turned over preparatory to being printed on the other side, or
"backed" at the other pair of impression cylinders.
ff
It will be seen that the web of paper has thus to pass around a number of
cylinders and rollers, and that a considerable amount of time would be required
to "thread" or
"
enter a fresh web of paper, or pass it in and out amongst
these cylinders and rollers by hand. Many plans have been tried to effect this
threading" of the paper in a rapid and efficient manner by mechanical means, but
they have failed more or less.
་་
In order to overcome the difficulty and to provide for the rapid "threading" of
the paper, tapes are placed immediately outside the margin of the paper, and the
paper is attached to the tapes by needle and throad. The thread is passed through
one tapo and in and out across the paper to the other tape.
In this manner the paper is held sufficiently firm to pass around the impression
cylinders, and over the turning apparatus without presenting any obstacle to the
run of the paper. As soon as the paper is "threaded" the thread is drawn out.
The tapes will then run uselessly until the web is to be again threaded, when
the operation above described will be repeated.
At each pair of impression cylinders two impressions are taken from the same
forme, the second impression in the direction of travel of the paper being taken
first. This arrangement requires that sufficient blank paper shall be left in
advance of this second impression for the other impression. For this purpose the
web of paper is betweeen each pair of impression cylinders passed round an
"adjusting" roller, which is positively driven and placed at a proper distance in
rear of the impression cylinders.
As the printing of the web is not continuous, it is found that the paper is not
always drawn forward at an uniform speed, and consequently the impressions on
tho back will not always register. To avoid this inconvenience forwarding rollers
or pulleys having an elastic periphery and mounted in adjustable bearings are set
to run with a certain pressure on the margins of the paper. As the adjusting
rollers are driven positively the paper will be gripped and forwarded on at the
samo rato of speed all through. The forwarding rollers may be driven in any
convenient manner, or allowed to run loose as may be thought propor.
Let it be supposed that a four page paper is to be printed on a single width web
of paper, one pair of formes will be set for printing pages and 4, and the other
pair of formes for pages 2 and 3. The formes 1 and 4 must be arranged side by
side on the type cylinder with their headings to the rear, and the columns of type
running parallel to the axis of the cylinder, and formes 2 and 3 are placod sido by
side diametrically opposite on the cylinder with their headings to the front. After
the first side is printed the web of paper will be reversed, that is to say, when
pages 1 and 4 are printed their headings will be to the rear, but when the web bas

page_text: been turned over in the turning apparatus these pages will have their headings to
the front, and the web will then be in the proper position to receive on the back
impressions from formes 2 and 3, which also have their headings to the front. By
this arrangement the web of paper will receive on the same side two successive
impressions from formes 1 and 4 with the headings to the rear, followed by two
successive impressions from formes 2 and 3 with the headings to the front; then
again two impressions from 1 and 4, and so on alternately (I and 4 and 2 and 3)
the whole length of the paper. When the paper is turned over the two impressions
from formes 1 and 4 will be backed by impressions from formes 2 and 3, and vice
versa, thus there will be alternately two successive completely printed sheets with
the headings to the front and two with the headings to the rear.
To avoid confusion in delivery the two printed sheets with the headings to the
front are cut transversely, collected on the collecting cylinder, and are passed by an
arrangement of switches to one of a pair of flyers, and the other or succeeding pair
of printed sheets are cut, collected, and passed by the switches to another flyer; or
after cutting the sheets may be passed to folding mechanism, or to folding,
wrapping up, pasting, and addressing mechanism, as may be desired.
In order to make the single width machine available for printing a supplement
to a four page newspaper (the size of the supplement being only half that of the
newspaper), only one forme on each side of the type cylinder will be used, and one
of the rolls of paper will be removed. The web of paper will pass all round the
type cylinder and receive an impression at each of the eight impression cylinders.
A pair of rollers placed at the proper distances apart and from the type cylinder
will pass the paper from one side of the type cylinder to the other; in this instance
the cutter cylinder must be provided with an additional blade or a perforator to
partially separate the sheets, as the sheet will have to be partially separated or
perforated at every rotation of the cutter cylinder. The action of the machine will
be as follows: Two impressions, say of page 5, will be given at the first pair of
'mpression cylinders, a blank being left after each impression, then two impressions
om page 6, a similar blank being left after each impression; the web will then
reversed, and the first printed portion of page 5 will be backed by page 6, and
of page 6 by page 5 at the second pair of impression cylinders; the paper then
passes to the third pair of impression cylinders, where the blanks on one side are
filled up with impressions 5 and 6 alternately; the paper is then turned over again,
and those impressions are backed by impressions 6 and 5 respectively, after which
the paper passes to the cutting cylinder, where it is cut into sheets of four pages,
and these are perforated for two page sheets, as above referred to, before passing to
the collectors and flyers.
The previous remarks with regard to the headings will apply in this case, so
that after being cut the sheets with the headings the same way will be collected
together and passed to one or other of a pair of flyers.
If the four page sheets are to be folded instead of flown they are directed after
cutting to a folding mechanism consisting of a pair of folding cylinders placed side
by side, and geared to run in unison with each other and with the printing
mechanism. Each cylinder is fitted with a rotating folding blade, a set of
grippers, and a pair of folding rollers, and is so arranged that the grippers of each
cylinder will take hold of two sheets in succession alternately, each two sheets
being thus folded in opposite directions, and in each case with pages 1 and 4
outside.
The headings of every succeeding two sheets will be in opposite directions, and
therefore all the sheets with the headings the same way will be delivered onto the
same pile.
If however it be desired to give two parallel folds before giving the cross folds a
second folding blade, and a second pair of folding rollers are added to the folding
cylinder. The sheets after receiving the first fold are conducted by tapes to the
second pair of folding rollers, where they receive a second and parallel fold from
the second folding blade.

page_text: The cutting and folding may if desired be effected by the same cylinder. In this
case the folding cylinders will be provided with a cutting blade in addition to the
folding blade. As however there will then be no spaces left between the sheets to
allow the grippers to act the grippers will be omitted, and in their stead movable
pins will be employed. These pins are caused to protrude through the periphery
of the cylinder and penetrate the leading edge of the sheets, the pins being with-
drawn to liberate the sheets. Pins may thus be always used in place of grippers if
desired.
The folding cylinders instead of being fitted with rotating folding blades may
be provided each with a blade that will operate to both tuck and nip the sheets, so
that each cylinder may operate as a tucking and nipping cylinder to the other.
Each cylinder will carry on its shaft and at one end of the cylinder a loosely
rotating folding cam having two circular grooves of proper shape in its side, one
of these grooves will actuate a lever which will cause the tucking blade to act,
while the other groove through another lever will actuate the nipping blade. As
each two successive sheets must be folded in opposite directions the cams must
come into the same operative position for every fourth sheet, and this is done by
making the cams rotate either three or five times while the cylinders rotate four
times and fold four sheets. The grooves on the cams are so shaped and the caus
are so timed as to cause the blade of each cylinder to tuck two sherts in succession
into the grip of the blade on the other cylinder which will carry the sheets round
to the folding rollers.
The grippers of these cylinders may be operated by rotating cams similar to
those just described, or by ordinary cams which are rocked into and out of
position.
These cylinders may also be fitted with cutters, and movable pins may be
provided in lieu of grippers.
When it is desired to fold the two page supplement to a four page paper in the
same folding mechanism the first fold will be omitted, as the sheet will be
the same size as the four page after the latter has been once folded; the sheet will
therefore be passed through the first pair of folding rollers open, receiving the
desired number of folds from the subsequent folding rollers.
The web as it is printed passes to a perforator, by which the paper is sufficiently
severed to be readily torn apart by a breaking roller suitably arranged for the
purpose.
The sheets are then passed on to the folding cylinders, one of which is set ono
half rotation ahead of the other. Each cylinder will take a sheet alternately.
When the sheets reach the first pair of folding rollers the grippers will be opened,
and the sheets will be guided to the folding rollers by a fixed switch, the points of
which enter circumferential grooves in the cylinders. The folding blades need not
be thrown out of gear, as their working will not affect the sheets.
In place of grippers inovable pins placed in front of the folding blades may be
used, in this case the folding blades may be employed to tuck the leading edge of
the sheets unfolded into the grip of the folding rollers, thus dispensing with the
switches.
Instead of the movable pins for holding the sheets fixed pins may be used; in
this instance the pins will be arranged to project through recesses formed in the
front edge of the folding blades, so that these blades as they rotate will lift the
sheets off the pins and tuck them unfolded into the bite of the folding rollers.
From these rollers the open sheets may be passed to a second pair of folding rollers
to receive a fold corresponding to the second parallel fold of the four page sheets,
as above described, or the cylinders may be provided in addition to the folding
blade with a second set of grippers which will seize the sheet and carry it round,
so that it may be forced at once into the grip of the second pair of folding cylinders
without passing through the first pair.
In a double width machine for printing an eight page paper the arrangement of
the parts will be the same as for the single width, except that they have a double

page_text: width. The cutting mechanisin will have the addition of a rotary cutter for
dividing the web lengthwise when desired. The collecting cylinders which will
form part of the folding apparatus will collect the requisite number of sheets to
make up the newspaper, previous to their being passed to the folding rollers or
blades. In this instance the sheets will come out with the headings as before
described in opposite directions, and they must therefore be folded in opposite
directions so as to bring the front and back pages outside.
The arrangement of formes must of course be different to suit the altered
circumstances, but their relative positions on the type cylinder will be the same,
and each forme will give two consecutive impressions.
Each group of formes will consist of the type for printing four pages, and they
will be placed on the type cylinder with their heads to the centre in the usual
manner. The first group will consist of pages 1, 8, 4, 5, and the second group of
pages 2, 7, 3, 6, which will be arranged in the following order :-) 27 45
the formes when on the top of the cylinder travelling from left to right.
-Thus
36' 18'
The paper will receive two successive impressions from 8, 1, 5, 4, and then two
successive impressions from 7, 2, 0, 3, then again 8, 1, 5, 4, and so on alternately.
It will then be taken over the turning apparatus when the printed impressions
8, 1, 5, 4, will be backed by 7, 2, 6, 3, and vice versa. After printing the web of
paper passes over the cutter cylinder where it is cut transversely, and the sheets
are collected and flown as described with regard to the single machine.
When the transversely cut sheets are to be made up and folded book wise the
additional or rotary cutter is used, which cuts the paper down the centre of the
sheet in the direction of its travel.
Let it be supposed the paper is travelling from left to right, and that the sheets
on the front side of the centre have pages numbered 5, 4, 7, 2, upwards, it will bo
evident that to place these sheets in proper consecutive order, pages 5 and 4 must
be brought over pages 7 and 2, and they will then read when folded 1, 2, 3, 4, and
so on from the bottom; and the sheets on the other side have pages numbered 8,
1, 6, 3, upwards, pages 8 and 1 must be brought over 6 and 3, and they will then
read when folded 1, 2, 3, 4, from the top. To effect the folding of these sheets in
opposite directions, the sheets are conducted after being cut transversely and
longitudinally down the centre to a pair of combined collecting and folding
cylinders placed side by side, and each provided with grippers, a rotating folding
blade, and folding rollers, as before described. These cylinders, which for
convenience will be designated as right and left, or A and B, are arranged to act
alternately. The grippers are arranged in two sets or shafts placed end to end, and
the two sets are made to act either together or separately, as inay bo desired. The
action of this folding mechanism will be as follows:-The grippers of A will take
hold of, say, pages 5, 4, and 8, 1, and wrap them once round the cylinder. The
A grippers will then open and half of them will seize pages 7, 2, the front edges of
which now correspond to the front edges of the pages on the cylinder, and draw
them round A on the top of pages 5, 4. At the proper moment the folding blade
will descend and force the paper into the bite of a pair of folding rollers. At the
same time that the A grippers open the grippers on B will also open, and half of
them will close on the pages 8, 1, and 6, 3, and draw them together round B, by
which means the pages 1, 8, will become the exterior sheets. At the proper
inoment the folding blade of B will descend and force the paper into the bite of
another pair of folding rollers.
The next set of sheets to be folded passes first to B. Thus B takes pages 7, 2,
and 6, 3, all round, then pages 5, 4, and 8, 1, are brought over 7, 2, and 6, 3,
respectively. Pages 5, 4, and 7, 2, then pass to A to be folded, the other sheets
remaining on B for the same purpose. The next set passes first to A, and the next
to B, and so on alternately.
After the sheets have received one fold they may be flown or they may be
further folded with a second parallel fold, or with cross folds, as may be desired,

page_text: and then flown, or they may be passed to wrapping up, pasting, and addressing
mechanism to be prepared for sending out by post.
When printing a four page supplement the operation will proceed in the manner
described with reference to the single width, but in this instance the whole of one
set of formes will be entirely removed, and the remaining formes will be arranged
with pages 9, 12, to the front, and 10, 11 to the rear, the headings of the sheets
being together. When printed the sheets will be severed from the web and folded
or flown as desired.
When folding a four page supplement in an eight page folding mechanism, all
those sheets which as they descend to the folding cylinder have pages 9, 12, to the
right will be folded by the left hand cylinder, and those with pages 9, 12, to the left
by the right hand cylinder, so as to bring those pages always outside. To effect
this, the revolving gripper cams for the eight page sheets are removed, and others
which will leave the front grippers of the left hand cylinders and the rear grippers
of the right hand cylinder out of action, but operate the remaining grippers, must
be substituted therefor.
The folding blade of cach cylinder must also be made to operate at each rotation
of the cylinder. The sheets may receive a second parallel fold on the same cylinder,
as before mentioned, if desired. The subsequent folding and delivering devices
must be caused to operate twice as often as in the folding of the eight page
sheets.
When the sheets have been folded into book form they may be passed to
apparatus in which they will be further folded simultaneously with a wrapper;
the wrapper will be cut off, pasted, and secured, and the address will be printed
thereon.
In carrying out this part of the Invention the wrapper is obtained from a roll of
paper, which may be termed the wrapper web. The wrapper web and the folded
sheet are automatically fed to a folder, which folds the two together the desired
length for the wrapper being cut from the web, and the ends of the wrapper are
secured by paste, after which the package is passed on to an automatic printing
device.
The folded paper while being wrapped is carried upon a cylinder or carrier,
around which are mounted the various mechanisms for effecting the folding,
pasting, and printing operation above mentioned. The carrier is provided with
nippers which seize the folded paper and the wrapper by the middle of their width,
and they are forced into the grip of the fingers by a folding blade carried by a
second cylinder. By this means an extra fold is given to the already folded sheet,
but this time with the wrapper around it. The folded sheet with the free ends of
the wrapper trailing behind is carried forward past a pasting cylinder, where the
overlapping portion of the wrapper receives the paste. At the same time a folding
or tucking blade carried by the pasting cylinder comes into action, and forces the
free ends of the wrapper, in advance of the paste, into the grip of a second set of
nippers on the carrier.
By these nippers the wrapped up paper is turned around so as to complete the
second fold to the wrapper, and is carried past a guide which has the effect of
pressing down the pasted end of the wrapper. The wrapped up package is then
carried to a printing roller, where the address is printed on the wrapper. The type
for printing is carried by a chain or belt suitably driven, or in any other convenient
manner, after which it is delivered to a pair of delivery rollers.
The grippers on all the carriers are worked by cams suitably arranged to operate
the grippers at the proper moment, and the carriers or cylinders are mounted in a
suitable framing, and are driven in any convenient manner.
It will be evident that the printing mechanism may be made for one roll or web
of paper instead of two, as above described, in which case only four impression
cylinders will be employed.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Conquest in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 3rd April
1882.
WILLIAM CONQUEST, of Tudor Street, in the City of London, Mechanical
Engineer. IMPROVEMENTS IN LETTER PRESS PRINTING, AND IN MACHINERY
FOR PRINTING AND FOLDING PAPER, AND FOR WRAPPING UP, PASTING, AND
ADDRESSING FOLDED SHEETS." A communication from abroad by Messieurs R.
Hoe & Company, of the City of New York, United States of America.
This Invention relates chiefly to web printing machines in which but one type
cylinder is used, the formes to print both sides of the paper being placed thereon at
one time, and in which the paper after it is printed on one side from these formes
is reversed or turned over, and is printed from them on its opposite sido, as in the
manner described in the Specifications of two Patents granted to Edwyn Anthony
and William Wilberforce Taylor, and dated respectively March Twenty seventh,
One thousand eight hundred and seventy five, No. 1127, and August Thirty first,
One thousand eight hundred and seventy five, No. 3056, and the improvements
thereon consist, firstly, in a novel manner of entering the end of the web of paper
through the machine; secondly, in a novel arrangement of paper travelling rollers,
whereby the printing of newspapers is effected in a moro expeditious and satis-
factory manner than heretofore, and the machinery is rendered applicable to the
printing of supplements to newspapers; thirdly, in a novel arrangement of the
folding apparatus which usually forms part of such machines; and fourthly, in
the addition to such printing and folding mechanisms of apparatus for further
folding, wrapping up, pasting, and addressing the printed matter ready for
posting.
Although it is intended that the Invention shall apply more particularly to the
printing of newspapers from a continuous web or roll of paper from type,
whereby the saving of time and expense of stereotyping is avoided (the saving of
time being a considerable item in issuing second or evening editions), it will be
evident that it is also applicable to the printing of newspapers or any other kind
of printed matter from type or sheets of paper, or from stereotype on either sheets
or a web.
In carrying out this Invention the machine is arranged to print at the same time
from two webs or rolls of paper, placed preferably one below and the other above
the type cylinder. The impression cylinders are arranged in pairs around the type
cylinder, each with their inking rollers, four impression cylinders to either web of
paper. The paper when printed is passed to cutting cylinders, and if to be flown
open, to collecting cylinders and thence to sheet flyers; or after cutting to a folding
mechanism, which may also collect; or to a mechanism for cutting, collecting,
folding, wrapping up, pasting, and addressing, ready for the mail, as will be here-
after more particularly described. The sets of formes are secured to the type
cylinder on opposite sides thereof, each set of formes covering one fourth of the
circumference of the cylinder, the spaces between each set of formes serving as
inking surfaces. Between the two pairs of impression cylinders on either side of
the type cylinder a turning apparatus is placed, so that the web of paper after
being printed on one side at two impression cylinders is turned over preparatory to
being printed on the other side, or "backed" at the other pair of impression
cylinders.
In the accompanying Drawings Fig. 1, Sheet I., is a front elevation of a two roll
type revolving web printing machine, with sheet flyers at the left hand end; and
Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation of Fig. 1. The above two views will apply to either

page_text: a single or a double width machine. Fig. 3, Sheet II., is a cross section of a single
width or four page machine; and Fig. 4 shews one form of device used for turning
over the web of paper, such device forming part of the subject matter of the Patent
granted to Anthony and Taylor, No. 1127, of One thousand eight hundred and
seventy five referred to above.
A is the frame of the machine, which carries the bearings for the axles of the
various cylinders, rollers, and wheels, and B is the type cylinder; C, C', are rolls or
webs of paper which are situate one below and the other above the type cylinder,
and suitably carried; D, D', are impression cylinders arranged in pairs around the
type cylinders, four impression cylinders to either web of paper; and E, E, repre-
sents inking apparatus, which may be of any suitable form and arrangement;
F, F, represent the positions the turning devices will occupy, viz., one between the
two pairs of impression cylinders on either side of the machine; a, a, a, are a
number of fixed guide rollers; and a³, a', are adjustable guide rollers, round which,
in addition to the other rollers and the impression cylinders, the web of paper has
to pass during the operations of printing and turning.
It will be seen that the web of paper has thus to pass around a number of
cylinders and rollers, and that a considerable amount of time would be required
to "thread or enter" a fresh web of paper, or pass it in and out amongst these
numerous cylinders and rollers by hand. Many plans have been tried to effect
this "
threading" of the paper in a rapid and efficient manner by mechanical
means, but they have failed more or less.
"
In order to overcome the difficulty and to provide for the rapid "threading'
of the paper, the forwarding tapes are placed immediately outside the margin of
the paper, and the paper is attached to the tapes by needle and thread. The
thread is passed through one tape, and in and out across the paper to the other
tape. In this manner the paper is held sufficiently firmly to pass around the
impression cylinders and over the turning apparatus without presenting any
obstacle to the run of the paper. As soon as the paper is
" threaded" the thread
is drawn out. The tapes will then run uselessly until the web is to be again
threaded, when the operation above described will be repeated.
At each pair of impression cylinders D, D₁, two impressions are taken from the
same forme, the second impression in the direction of travel of the paper being
taken first. This arrangement requires that sufficient blank paper shall be left in
advance of this second impression for the other impression. For this purpose the
web of paper is between each pair of impression cylinders passed round an
adjusting "roller C, which is placed at a proper distance in rear of the impression
cylinders and is positively driven.
"
As the printing of the web is not continuous, it is found that the paper is not
always drawn forward at an uniform speed, and consequently the impressions on
the back will not always register.
To avoid this inconvenience "forwarding rollers" H having an elastic periphery
and mounted in adjustable bearings are set to run with a certain pressure on the
margin of the paper. As the adjusting rollers G are driven positively the paper
will be gripped and forwarded on at the same rate of speed all through.
The "forwarding rollers" H may be driven in any convenient manuer, or allowed
to run loose, as may be thought proper.
The formes as before referred to are arranged in pairs on opposite sides of the
type cylinder, and will take up in all one half of the circumference of the cylinder,
the intervening spaces constituting inking surfaces. This arrangement is clearly
shewn in Fig. 2, Sheet I.
Let it be supposed that a four page paper is to be printed on a single width web
of paper, one pair of formes will be set for printing pages 1 and 4, and the other
pair of formes for pages 2 and 3. The formes 1 and 4 are arranged side by side
on the type cylinder with their headings to the rear, and the columns of type
running parallel to the axis of the cylinder, and formes 2 and 3 are placed side by
side on the opposite side of the cylinder with their headings to the front. These

page_text: positions are clearly indicated in Fig. 3, Sheet II. After the first side is printed
the web of paper will be reversed, that is to say, when pages 1 and 4 are printed
their headings will be to the rear, but when the web has been turned over in the
turning apparatus F these pages although they will be underneath the paper will
have their headings to the front, and the web will then be in the proper position
to receive on the back impressions from formes 2 and 3, which also have their
headings to the front of the machine. By this arrangement the web of paper will
receive on the same side two successive impressions from formes 1 and 4 with the
headings to the rear, followed by two successive impressions from formes 2 and 3
with the headings to the front; then again two impressions from 1 and 4, and so
on alternately (1 and 4 and 2 and 3) the whole length of the paper. When the
paper is turned over the two impressions from formes 1 and 4 will be backed by
impressions from formes 2 and 3, with the headings to the front, formes 2 and 3
will be backed by formes 1 and 4 with their headings to the rear, and so on, thus
there will be alternately two successive completely printed sheets with the headings
to the front and two with the headings to the rear.
This will be more clearly understood by reference to the Drawings. The formes
will be arranged on the type cylinder in the following order, viz,, 4, 1, and 3, 2,
in the direction of travel of the cylinder so that the impressions on the paper will
read as shown on the diagram Fig. 5, Sheet II.
Suppose the web of paper has been "threaded" in the manner above described.
After leaving the roll C the paper receives at cylinder D an impression from formes
4, 1. At cylinder D' the paper receives a second impression, also from formes 4, 1,
but in advance of the other impression, the roller & being so adjusted as to allow
for sufficient blank paper for the second impression, such having passed round the
first impression cylinder D during the time that the inking surface was passing
before that cylinder. The printed web then passes round the guide pulleys a, a¹,
to the turning device F, where it is turned over or upside down preparatory to
passing to the second pair of impression cylinders D, D', for the purpose of being
backed" from formes 3, 2.
It
The impression from these formes are taken in the same manner as described
with reference to formes 4, 1, viz., the first impression in the direction of the
travel of the paper being taken last the operation of the formes being so timed
that they do not strike the cylinder D until sufficient blank paper has passed
that cylinder for the first impression in the direction of the travel of the paper.
In order to get the proper register the guide rollers a, a, a, and the turning
device F are so arranged that there shall be time for the type cylinder to make
about two thirds of a rotation while the paper is travelling from one pair of
cylinders D, D¹, to the next pair.
The two impressions 4, 1, at the first pair of cylinders D, D', are succeeded
by two impressions 3, 2, on the same side of the paper, and thus the web of paper
as it leaves the first pair of cylinders D, D', is printed on one side continuously
with two impressions of formes 4, 1, and then two impressions of formes 3, 2, and
so on as shewn at Fig. 5, although the formes do not act continuously.
Formes 4, 1, after printing on blank paper at the first pair of cylinders D, D',
will immediately print at the second pair of cylinders D, D', on the backs of the
already printed formes 3, 2, which having turned over at F are by this time in the
proper position for being printed from formes 4, 1.
The printed web after leaving the second pair of impression cylinders D, D',
passes to cutting cylinders I, I', where it is cut transversely along the lines x, x,
Fig. 5, into sheets and the sheets are collected in any convenient manner on the
collecting cylinder J previous to being flown or otherwise treated.
To avoid confusion in delivery the two printed sheets with the headings to the
front are then cut transversely into sheets at the cylinders I, II, and collected on
the collecting cylinder J, and passed by an arrangement of switches to a flyer K
and the other or succeeding pair of printed sheets with the healings to the rear
are then cut, collected, and passed by the switches to another flyer K', or after

page_text: cutting the sheets may be passed to folding mechanism, or to folding, wrapping up,
pasting, and addressing mechanism, as may be desired.
The particular form of collecting cylinder shewn in the Drawing is that described
in a Patent granted to William Edward Newton, No. 3434 of One thousand
eight hundred and seventy four, and in like manner the switch arrangement for
guiding the pairs of collected sheets to alternate sheet flyers is the same as that
described in the Specification of Patent granted to William Edward Newton,
No. 2561 of One thousand eight hundred and seventy five.
The threading tapes at each side of the web in Figs. 1 and 2 are in reality but
one continuous tape. Starting, say, from the roller a near the roll of paper C at
the front of the inachine it follows the web round the guide rollers a, a, to the
turning device F. Thence it crosses with the web to the rear of the machine and
on through the cutting cylinders I, I', (outside the kuives) and turns back to the
roller a*, as shown by the arrows, but at the opposite end of this roller or rear of
the machine. It then follows the web to the turning disc F and there recrosses to
the front of the machine and again passes through the cutting cylinders but at the
opposite ends thereof and back to the starting point.
In order to make the single width machine available for printing a supplement
to a four page newspaper (the size of the supplement being only half that of the
newspaper), only one forme on each side of the type cylinder will be used and one
of the rolls of paper will be removed.
This modification is shewn at Fig. 7, Sheet II., which is a diagram showing the
position of the formes and the path of the web. The same letters as in the former
Figures will refer to corresponding parts in this Figure. It will be seen that in
place of two formes on each side of the cylinder only one is used, the formes which
may be numbered 5 and 6 being exactly opposite to one another. The web
of paper will pass all round the type cylinder and receive an impression at each of
the eight impression cylinders. A pair of rollers L, L', placed at the proper
distances apart and from the type cylinder are arranged abovo the type cylinder
and between the second and third pair of impression cylinders to pass the paper
from one side of the type cylinder to the other; in this instance the cutter
cylinder in uso must be provided with an additional blade or a perforator b to
partially separate the sheets on the line y, y, Fig 6, Sheet II., as the web will
have to be cut and partially separated or perforated at every rotation of the cutter
cylinder. The action of the machine will be as follows:-Two impressions, say of
page 5, will be given at the first pair of impression cylinders D, D', a blank being
left after each impression, then two impressions from forme 6, a similar blank being
left after each impression; the web will then be reversed at Fas before explained,
and the first printed portion of page 5 will be backed by page 6 and of page 6
by page 5 at the second pair of impression cylinders D, D'. The paper then
passes by the rollers L, L', to the third pair of impression cylinders D, D', where
the blanks on one side are filled up with impressions 5 and 6 alternately; the paper
is then turned over again, and those impressions are backed by impressions 6 and 5
respectively, after which the paper passes to the cutting cylinder, where it is cut
into sheets of four pages and there are perforated for two page sheets, as above
referred to, before passing to the collectors and flyers.
The previous remarks with regard to the headings will apply in this case, so that
after being cut the sheets with the headings the same way will be collected
together and passed to one or other of a pair of flyers.
The web as it issues from the last pair of impression cylinders will be printed as
shewn in the diagram Fig. 6. It will be seen that there are four consecutive
impressions of the same forine, and in order to avoid the necessity for changing
the mode of collecting the paper is collected and flown in the form of four page
sheets, which are afterwards separated into two page sheets by hand, having been
already perforated at the cutting cylinders I, I', for the purpose.
If the four page sheets are to be folded instead of flown they are directed after
cutting to a folding mechanism, consisting of a pair of folding cylinders placed

page_text: side by side and geared to run in unison with each other and with the printing
mechanism.
Fig. 8, Sheet III., is a front elevation of part of a single width printing machine
with folding apparatus at the right hand side, and Figure 9 is an end view of the
folding apparatus. M, M, are the folding cylinders, each of which is fitted with a
set of grippers c, c, and a rotating folding blade d, and is provided with a pair of
folding rollers c, e. The action of the grippers and folding blade is well under-
stood to persons acquainted with this class of machinery and therefore need not
be further described.
Each cylinder is so arranged that its grippers will take hold of two sheets in
succession alternately, each two sheets being thus folded in opposite directions,
and in each case with pages 1 and 4 outside.
The headings of every succeeding two sheets will bo in opposite directions, and
the sheets with the headings the same way must be delivered on to the same
pile.
The folded sheets may be delivered at once to the flyers or may receive
subsequent folds from folding blades, arranged as shewn in the Figures, or in any
other well known manner previous to being "flown."
If however it be desired to give two parallel folds before giving the cross folds,
a second folding blade and a second pair of folding rollers are added to each
folding cylinder. The sheets after receiving the first fold are conducted by tapes
to the second pair of folding rollers where they receive a second and parallel fold
from the second folding blade.
An arrangement for giving two consecutive parallel folds to two sheets of paper'
alternately in opposite directions is shewn in diagram Fig. 10, Sheet III.
The cutting and folding may if desired be effected by the same cylinders.
Such an arrangement of apparatus is shewn in diagram at Fig. 11, Sheet III.
One of the folding cylinders is provided with a cutting blade in addition to the
folding blade, and the other with a recess to receive the cutter. As however
there will then be no spaces left between the sheets to allow the grippers to act
the grippers will be omitted, and in their stead moveable pins k, k, will be
employed. These pins are caused to protrude through the periphery of the
cylinder to penetrate the leading edge of the sheets, and aro withdrawn to
liberate the sheets.
Pins may thus be always used in place of grippers if desired. The pins are
secured to an axle which is provided with an arm, carrying at its outer end a
bowle which runs on a cam inside the cylinder.
The folding cylinders instead of being fitted with rotating folding blades may
be provided each with a blade that will operate to both tuck and nip the sheets,
so that each cylinder may operate as a tucking or nipping cylinder to the other.
This arrangement is shewn in Figures 12, 12*, and 13, Sheet IV., Fig. 12 being a
diagram of a pair of folding cylinders, cach provided with a blade that operates to
tuck or nip two successive sheets alternately, as required; Fig, 12* an end
elevation, and Fig. 13 a diagram of the same cylinders, with the addition of a
cutter to sever the sheets from the web, and of apparatus for making subsequent
folds.
In Figures 12 and 13 the left hand cylinder represents a view taken on a line
corresponding to the line A, B, Fig. 12, and the right hand cylinder a view on
a line corresponding to the line C, D; Fig. 12*.
On the shaft of each cylinder and at one end thereof is mounted loosely a
rotating folding cam e, having two grooves e¹, es, of proper shape in its side.
One of these grooves e² will actuate a rocking lover g, which will cause the
tucking blade to act while the other groove e through a rocking arm g' will
actuate the nipping blade. The rotation of the cams is effected as follows:-Each
cam e is secured to a toothed wheel f, which is also mounted loosely on the
cylinder axle. This wheel gears with a toothed wheel f' carried at one end of a
short shaft which projects through the frame A. On the other end of this shaft

page_text: and outside the frame is a toothed wheel which gears with a toothed wheels
keyed on the axle of the cylinder. The axle is driven in any convenient manner
from the prime mover. As two successive sheets must be folded in opposite
directions the cams must come into the same operative position for every fourth
sheet, and this is done by making the cams rotate either three or five times whilo
the cylinders rotate four times and fold four sheets.
"
In the Drawings the cams are arranged to make three rotations while the
folding cylinders make four; the wheels on the outside of the frame A are
of equal size, and those f¹, f, on the inside are in the proportion of three to four.
The grooves on the cams are so shaped and the cams are so timed as to cause the
blade of each cylinder to tuck two sheets in succession into the nip of the blade on
the other cylinder, which will carry the sheets around to the folding rollers.
The rock lever g rocks on an axle carried by the folding cylinder. One arm of
the lever g is provided with a bowl which runs in the cam groove e², the other arm
of the lever g contains a bearing for an axle carrying the tucking blade. Fast to
this axle is an arm g', at the outer end of which is a bowl which runs in the cam
groove el. The action of the groove e' on the lever g will give an in and out
motion to the blade for the purpose of tucking the sheet of paper into the opposite
cylinder, while the action of the groove e' on the arm g' will give an axial notion
to the blade for the purpose of nipping the paper after it is tucked in, as above
described, against the cylinder.
The grippers of these cylinders may be operated by rotating cams similar to
those just described, or by ordinary cams, which are rocked into and out of
position. When these cylinders are fitted with cutters moveable pins, as before
described, may be provided in lieu of grippers. |
Fig. 14, Sheet IV., is a diagram of a pair of folding cylinders arranged so that
each cylinder shall fold two successive sheets at equal intervals. The folding
cylinders are slightly separated from each other, so that the grippers on either
cylinder cannot interfere with the sheet on the other. The sheets are directed to
the proper cylinder by passing through a funnel, which oscillates between tho
cylinders and delivers two successive sheets to each cylinder alternately. The
folding blades have but a single edge each, so that they will fold only at the second
rotation of their respective cylinders. One cylinder at its first rotation will take
the first sheet, carry it around, and fold it. At its second rotation it will take the
second sheet, but as its folding blade will not then be in operative position, the
grippers will hold on to the sheets, carry it on around, and it will bo folded at
the third rotation of the cylinder at the same time that the third sheet is taken
and folded by the other cylinder. The fourth sheet will also be taken by the other
cylinder, but will not be folded at its fourth rotation, as its blade will not be in
position, but will be carried around and folded at its fifth rotation at the same
time that the first cylinder has taken and folded the fifth sheet. Thus the cylinders
will fold their two successive sheets at alternate rotations and the subsequent
folding devices need make but one stroke to each two rotations of their folding
cylinders.
When it is desired to fold the two page supplement to a four page paper in tho
same folding mechanism, the first fold will be omitted, as the sheet will be the same
size as the four page after the latter has been once folded. The sheet will therefore
be passed through the first pair of folding rollers open, receiving the desired number
of folds from the subsequent folding rollers.
Fig. 15 is a diagram of a pair of folding cylinders arranged according to this
modification. The two page supplement sheets are directed through the folding
rollers by a hinged switch without folding them.
The web as it is fully printed passes, as before stated, to a cutter and perforator,
by which it is first cut into four page sheets and is then sufficiently perforated to
be readily torn apart into two page sheets by a breaking roller suitably arranged
for the purpose.
The two page sheets are passed on to the folding cylinders, one of which is set one

page_text: half rotation ahead of the other. Each cylinder will take a sheet alternately.
When the sheets reach the folding rollers the grippers will be opened, and the
sheets will be guarded through the folding rollers by the switch, the points of
which enter circumferential grooves in the cylinders. The folding blades need not
be thrown out of gear, as their working will not affect the sheets. The sheets are
then carried by tapes to other folding rollers, where they will receive the desired
number of folds.
In place of grippers moveable pins placed in front of the folding blades may be
used. In this case the folding blades may be employed to tuck the leading edge of
the sheets unfolded into the grip of the folding rollers, thus dispensing with the
switches.
Fig. 16 is a diagram of a pair of folding cylinders that give two parallel folds to
four page sheets so arranged as to give a simple fold to a two page sheet.
In this arrangement the cylinders are provided with two folding blades and with
moveable pins in advance of the second blade to seize the paper as it issues from
the printing machine.
These pins carry round the two page sheets, which are folded by the second
blade into the second pair of rollers, without passing through the first pair.
· Instead of the moveable pins for holding the sheets, fixed pins may bo used. In
this instance the pins will be arranged to project through recesses formed in the
front edge of the folding blades so that these blades as they rotate will lift the
sheets off the pins and tuck then unfolded into the bite of the folding rollers.
From these rollers the open sheets may be passed to a second pair of folding rollers
to receive a fold corresponding to the second parallel fold of the four page sheets,
as above described. .
Fig. 17 is a diagrain showing this arrangement. The fixed pins are arranged in
advance of the first folding blade in such a position that the blade as it rotates
lifts the sheets off the pins and directs their leading edges unfolded into the first
pair of folding rollers. The sheets are folded at the second pair of folding rollers
by the second following blade; or the cylinders may be provided in addition to
the extra folding blade with a second set of grippers, which will seize the sheet
and carry it round, so that it may be forced at once into the grip of the second
pair of folding cylinders without passing through the first pair.
This arrangement is shewn in Fig. 18, which is a diagram of a pair of folding
cylinders having two sets of grippers in advance of the first blade. This blade is
adjusted to fold the two page sheets into the second pair of rollers without passing
them through the first pair.
In the last three modifications the folding cylinders are intended either for
folding four page sheets or two page sheets, and for the purpose of seizing the four
page sheets as they issue from the printing machine the cylinders are provided
with proper grippers.
In a double width machine for printing an eight page paper the arrangement of
the parts will be the same as for the single width, except that they will have a
double width. The cutting mechanism will have the addition of a rotary cutter
for dividing the web lengthwise when desired. The collecting cylinders, which
will form part of the folding apparatus, will collect the requisite number of sheets
to make up the newspaper previous to their being passed to the folding rollers or
blades. In this instance the sheets will come out with the headings as before
described in opposite directions, and they must therefore be folded in opposite
directions, so as to bring the front and back pages outside.
The arrangement of formes must of course be different to suit the altered
circumstances, but their relative positions on the type cylinder will be the same,
and each forme will give two consecutive impressions.
A machine as constructed to print an eight page paper is shewn in cross section
at Fig. 19, Sheet V., and Fig. 20 shews the arrangement of formes on a printed
web as it passes from the printing machine.
Each group of forms will consist of the type for printing four pages, and they
.

page_text: will be placed on the type cylinder with their heads to the centre in the usual
manner, and as shewn in the Figure. The first group will consist of pages 2, 7,
3,6, which will be arranged in the following order, thus, the formes when
on the top of the cylinder travelling from left to right.
The paper will receive two successive impressions, 8, 1, 5, 4, and then two
successive impressions from 7, 2, 6, 3, then again S, 1, 5, 4, and so on alternately.
It will then be taken over the turning apparatus, when the printed impressions
8, 1, 5, 4, will be backed by 7, 2, 6, 3, and vice versa. After printing, the web of
paper passes over the cutter cylinder, where it is cut transversely on the line x, x,
and the sheets are collected and flown as described with regard to the single
machine.
When the transversely cut sheets are to be made up and folded book wise, the
additional or rotary cutter is used, which cuts the paper down the centre of the
sheet on the line 2, 3, in the direction of its travel.
When printing a four page supplement the operation will proceed in the manner
described with reference to the single width, but in this instance the whole of one
set of formes will be entirely removed, and the remaining formos will be arranged
with pages 9, 12, to the front, and 10, 11, to the rear, the headings of the sheets
being together. When printed the sheets will be sevored from the web and folded
or flown as desired.
Fig. 21, Sheet V., is a diagram of a printed web shewing the order of the four
page supplement sheets as they issue from the printing machine, and Fig. 22 is a
diagram shewing the position of the formes and path of the web when printing the
four page supplement. As before referred to one of the sets of formes is entirely
removed, and the space thus left is filled in with inking surface. At every rotation
of the type cylinder two successive impressions will be given at the first pair of
impression cylinders, and a blank will be left which will be filled in at the third
pair of impression cylinders, and these impressions will be backed at the second
and fourth pair of cylinders respectively.
Returning to Figures 19 and 20 and the eight page printed web.
Let it be supposed that the paper which has been cut longitudinally is travelling
from left to right, and that the sheets on the front side of the centre line,, have
pages numbered 5, 4, 7, 2, upwards, it will be evident that to place these sheets in
proper consecutive order pages 5 and 4 must be brought over pages 7 and 2, and
they will then read 1, 2, 3, 4, and so on, from the bottom, and the sheets on the
other or rear side of the centre line z, z, have pages numbered 8, 1, 6, 3, upwards,
pages 8 and 1 must be brought over 6 and 3, and they will read 1, 2, 3, 4, from
the top. To effect the folding of these sheets in opposite directions they are
conducted to a pair of combined collecting and folding cylinders placed side by
side, each provided with grippers, a rotating folding blade and folding rollers,
where they are collected in proper order, and aro passed to one or other of a pair
of folding rollers, as will be hereafter more fully described.
This arrangement of collecting and folding apparatus is shewn in front elevation
at Fig. 23, Sheet VI., and in end elevation at Fig. 24. Fig. 25 is a detached view
of a collecting cylinder shewing the arrangement of grippers, and Fig. 26, a similar
view showing the position of the folding blades.
The folding cylinders, which for convenience will be designated as left and right
or X and Z, are arranged to act alternately. The grippers are arranged in two
sets on shafts placed side by side (see Fig. 25), and the two sets are caused to act
either together or separately as may be rlesired. The action of this folding
mechanism will be as follows:-All the grippers of X will take hold of, say,
sheets 5, 4, and 8, 1 (see Fig. 27), and wrap them once round the cylinder with
these pages next the cylinder.
The X grippers will then open and half of them will close on sheet 7, 2, the front
edge of which will by this time correspond with that of sheet 5, 4; then on the
cylinder X, and the two superposed sheets consisting of pages 5, 4, and 7, 2, will be

page_text: drawn together round cylinder X. At the proper moment the folding blade of X
will descend and force the superposed sheets into the bite of the folding rollers, and
the two sheets will thus be folded together so that the pages will read consecutively
1, 2, 3, 4, &c., &c. At the same time that sheets 5, 4, and 7, 2, come together the
front edge of sheet 6, 3, will correspond to that of sheet 8, 1, on the X cylinder.
The Z grippers will have opened when the X grippers opened, and half of them
will now close on sheets 6, 3, and 8, 1, and draw them together round Z cylinder.
By this means sheet 8, 1, will become the external sheet, and when the folding
takes place the pages will read consecutively 1, 2, 3, 4, &c., &c.
The next set of sheets to be folded passes first to Z, thus Z takes pages 7, 2, and
6, 3, all round, then pages 5, 4, and 8, 1, are brought over 7, 2, and 6, 3, respectively.
Pages 5, 4, and 7, 2, then pass to to be folded, the other sheets remaining on Z
for the same purpose. The next set passes first to X and the next to Z, and so on
alternately.
The folding action will be more clearly understood upon reference to Figures 27,
28, 29, and 30. Fig. 27 shows the double sheet being seized by the grippers of X.
Fig. 28 shows the superposed double sheets, dividing part going to X and part
going to Z after one rotation of X. Fig. 29 shews the divided superposed sheets
being folded, and Fig. 30 shows the fresh double sheet seized and partly drawn
round by the grippers of the other cylinder Z.
After the sheets have received one fold they may be flown or they may be
further folded with a second parallel fold or with cross folds, as may be desired,
and then flown, or they may be passed to wrapping up, pasting, and addressing
mechanism to be prepared for sending out by post.
When folding a four-page supplement in an eight-page folding mechanism, all
those sheets which as they descend to the folding cylinder have pages 9, 12, to the
right will be folded by the left hand cylinder, and those with pages 9, 12, to tho
left by the right hand cylinder, so as to bring those pages always outside. To
effect this the rotating gripper cams for the eight-page sheets are removed, and
others which will leave the front grippers of the left hand cylinders and the rear
grippers of the right hand cylinder out of action but operate the remaining grippers
must be substituted therefor.
The folding blade of each cylinder must also be made to operate at each rotation
of the cylinder. The sheets may receive a second parallel fold on the same cylinder
in the manner before mentioned with reference to Fig. 10, if desired. The sub-
sequent folding and delivering devices must be caused to operate twice as often as
in the folding of the eight page sheets.
Fig. 31, Sheet VII., shews a printed web of eight page sheets with a different
arrangement of the pages. In this Figure is also shewn another mode of collecting
previous to folding.
By this mode of collecting the cylinders are dispensed with, and in lieu thereof
an arrangement of turning bars is employed. The web is cut longitudinally
and one half is transferred laterally over the other half with the same side
upwards.
The two parallel turning bars are placed at such a distance apart and at such an
angle as to make the pages on the two halves of the web come together in propor
position to each other to be folded.
Figures 32 and 33 show another arrangement of the parallel bars. In this
arrangement one half of the web is brought over the other at a right angle to its
former line of travel. One half of the web runs over a roller so as to bring its pages
in proper position over the other half for folding.
The webs as collected by the means shown in the last two Figures can then be
folded in a single width folding machine above described, two successive sheets in
opposite directions alternately as in the case of the four-page sheets.
When the sheets have been folded into book form they may be passed to
apparatus in which they will be further folded simultaneously with a wrapper,

page_text: the
wrapper will be cut off, pasted, and secured, and the address will be printed
thereon.
In carrying out this part of the Invention the wrapper is obtained from a roll of
paper which may be termed the wrapper web. The wrapper web and the folded
sheet are automatically fed to a folder which folds the two together, the desired
length for the wrapper being cut from the web and the ends of the wrapper are
secured by paste, after which the package is passed on to an automatic printing
device.
Fig. 34 is a front elevation of part of a single width folding apparatus with the
wrapping up, pasting, and printing mechanism P in position, and Fig. 35 shows an
end elevation of part of a double width folding machine with the said wrapping up
and pasting machine in position.
In both these Figures the wrapping up and pasting mechanism receives a folded
sheet from each folding cylinder alternately.
The folded paper while being wrapped is carried upon a cylinder or carrier
around which are mounted the various mechanisms for effecting the folding, pasting,
and printing operations above mentioned.
Fig. 36, Sheet VIII., is a side elevation. Fig. 37, a plan or top view, and Fig. 38,
Sheet IX., a longitudinal sectional elevation of the wrapping up, pasting, and
printing apparatus. Fig 39, a longitudinal sectional elevation of a modified con-
struction of wrapping up apparatus. Fig. 40 is a section and end elevation of the
pasting apparatus. Fig. 41 shews details of rock arins. Figures 42, 43, 44,
Sheet IX, and 45, Sheet X., illustrate the fulded and wrapped paper in three
stages of production, while Fig. 46, Sheet X., illustrates a modified packing or
delivery device.
In the Drawings the rollers 31, 32, represent the rollers of a folding machine,
from between which a succession of folded sheets emerge; such folded sheets
descend therefrom and enter between the carriers 29, 30, of the delivery
mechanisın.
The carriers, 29, 30, will be mounted in a suitable framework and provided with
toothed wheels, as 33, 34, by which they will be caused to turn in unison or with
equal surface speed. They will be driven by a suitable gearing connecting one
or the other of said wheels with a similar wheel forming a part of the mechanism
for producing the preceding folds, or with the printing mechanism, as the case may
require.
The carrier 29 is provided with a tucking or folding blade 15 (see Fig. 3S) which
cooperates in producing a fold with the jaws 6, 7, with which the carrier 30 is
provided, one of which jaws 7 projects from a shaft 14 mounted to rock in the
carrier 30, which shaft is provided at one end with a rock arm 8 that runs in a
path 24 of the fixed cam 50 (sco Fig. 37). The cam path is shaped so as to rock
the shaft 14 at proper times to open and close the jaw 7 and adapt it to cooperato
with the blade 15 in seizing the folded sheet to carry it onward and release it at
a proper point to suit the operation of other devices (that act upon the sheet. The
carrier 29 also carries a cutting blade 17 which cooperates with a cutting slot 21
(armed or not with a blade) provided in the carrier 30 at a proper point to the
rear of the jaws 6, 7, to sevor the web wrapper 71 and produce a wrapper of
appropriate length as an envelope for the paper 70. The carrier 29 is also pro-
vided with a set of grippers 18 mounted upon a shaft that is provided at one end
with a rock arm 20 which travels in the path of a fixed cam 27. This path is
appropriately shapod to properly rock the shaft to open and close the grippers in
proper time to seize the leading end of the material or paper 70 to be enveloped or
wrapped, conduct the same between the folding devices of the carriers 29, 30, and
when the folding devices nip the material to release the same. This carrier 29 is
also provided with a set of pins 19 that are placed just rearward of the cutting
blade 17, which pins serve to hold, carry, and release the leading end of the
wrapping material or web in manner similar to that in which the grippers 18 serve
to hold, carry, and release the paper 70.

page_text: The grippers 18 might be supplanted by pins, as 19, and the pins might be
supplanted by the grippers, as 18, if desired, or the grippers 18 may be entirely
omitted, but, as will be understood from the nature of the material operated upon
in the description of the operation of the devices, the structures shown are
preferable.
The carrier 30 is provided at a suitable point to the rear of the jaws 6, 7, with a
second set of jaws 4, 5, which co-operate with a folding or creasing blade 20 that
is supported in a carrier 40, and which devices operate to produce a second fold
in the material. The jaw 4 is stationary, and the jaw 5 is mounted upon a
shaft 16 supported in the carrier, and provided with a rock arm 9, by which tho
shaft is rocked to close and open the said jaws at proper times by the action of the
appropriately shaped path 25 in the fixed cam disc 50, in which path said arm 9
travels. The carrier 30 may be further provided between the jaws 6, 7, and the
jaws 4, 5, with a set of lifting arms 13 which are mounted upon a rock shaft 28
in the carrier 30, which shaft is provided at one end with a rock arm 36 (sec
Fig. 36) that travels in the path of a cam 37, whereby said arms are rocked outward
from the periphery of said carrier and withdrawn within the line of said periphory
at proper intervals of time.
The devices thus far described, including the guide 23 or roll 41, constitute a
set sufficient to produce the necessary foldings required in enveloping or wrapping
the folded product.
For convenience of rapid successive operations, the carrier 30, as shown in
Fig. 38, is provided with triplicato sets of such mechanisms, and the same are
marked with like letters of reference to facilitate a ready understanding of the
operation of the apparatus. It will be seen however from the modification shewn
in Fig. 39 that but two sets of such mechanisms need be used, and it may
be remarked that one set alone will perform the work, as will be rendily
apparent.
The carrier 40 is provided with a toothed wheel 51 which gears with the
wheel 34, and has also a surface of proper extent to receive upon it a line of paste
or cement deposited at the point 80, on both sides of which are grooves which will
receive any excess of paste, and prevent the same from spreading over the surface
of said carrier. The paste is deposited by means of a rotating pasting blade 45
that is mounted upon a shaft 46. This shaft carries a wheel 53 which gears with
the wheel 51, and the pasting blade is thus revolved in unison with the carrier 40,
and is caused to take up the paste or cement from a vat 47 and deposit it upon
the carrier 40.
Other forms of pasting mechanism may be substituted for that shown, as, for
instance, the blade 45 might simply have contact with a paste supplying roller.
Another carrier 41 that is geared by a toothed wheel 54 to the wheel 34 may
be used to perform the function of pressing the wrapped papers and of imprinting
them with their addresses. In operating as a printing cylinder, as it is evident
that it may not be of a size to carry a large number of printing forms, it will be
caused to operate as the carrier for a belt or chain 42 (see Fig. 38) which belt or
chain is provided with address plates, stencil or other printing forms bearing the
superscription desired to be printed upon the wrapped papers. Such printing forums
will of course be located at proper distances apart, to be timely brought into action
upon successive papers, and will be inked in any suitable manner, as by inking
rollers from a fountain or an ink charged tape in any common manner.
A pair of delivery rollers, as 38, 39, and conductors 35 are also employed. These
rollors will be geared together by toothed wheels, as 55, 56, the latter of which
will be driven by the wheel 34. The conductors 35 will be mounted upon a rod so
that they may be supported with their ends entering peripherical grooves 10 in
the carrier 30, by which means they will intercept and turn the wrapped paper
outward and into the nip of the rollers 38, 39, which will deliver them to any
suitable packing mechanism.
The carriers 40, 41, will perform the function of lapping the outer ply of naner

page_text: on to the inner ply, but it is preferable to provide guides 22, 23, for that purpose.
The guide 22 keeps the paper from dropping onto the paste charged point of the
carrier 40. The printed paper, if of large size, will have had its dimensions reduced
by one or more foldings accomplished before it emerges from the rollers 31, 32, or
paper of small size will be entirely folded by this apparatus. The printed paper,
whether a flat or folded sheet, will be delivered within the range of action of this
apparatus by means of the rollers 31, 32, from which it will descend between the
carriers 29, 30.
The supplemental sheet which is to envelope the printed paper will be led in the
forin of a web 71 onto the carrier 30, so as to pass between it and the carrier 29.
This wrapping web 71 will be of suitable width, and for convenience will be reeled
in the form of a roll 40 on a shaft 60 that is mounted to turn freely in the framo
work. If desired the shaft may receive positive motion, and may have any
suitable friction or other controlling device for imparting a proper tension to the
web. The wrapper web may be printed with the proper addresses and rolled up
ready for use, which mode of providing the different addresses for the wrapped
papers may be conveniently adopted, since it is apparent that each section of the
said web that is to constitute a wrapper must always be of a definite length; and
although this delivery apparatus is shewn as provided with means for severing the
web into short lengths, as wrappers, it will also be apparent that if the wrapper
web is previously prepared by having the addresses printed on it, it may also be
perforated transversely on the line of its ultimate severance into short lengths or
wrappers, and the severance be rendered complete at the timo of associating the
wrapper web with the printed paper, by providing the carrier 29 with a breaking
device.
As the printed sheet or paper 70 to bo wrapped (whether folded or not) descends
from the rollers 31, 32, it enters between the carriers 30, 29, and its forward or
leading edge is seized by the grippers 18 which operate to carry said paper around
with the carrier 20. As the leading end of the wrapper web 71 is passed between
the carriers 30, 29, its leading edge will be caught by the pins 10 which will thus
cause said wrapper web to be carried around with said carrier 29, and laid upon
the printed paper 70, as is shown in Fig. 42. The wrapper 71 is shown as being
extended a distance beyond the leading edge of the paper 70, and although this is
desirable it is not necessary, as the grippers 18 might seize the leading edges of
both the paper 70 and the wrapper web 71, in which case the pins 19 might be
entirely dispensed with. The paper 70 and wrapper web 71 thus held upon the
carrier 29, and carried onward by it are simultaneously folded transversely at a
proper point by means of the tucking or folding blade 15 which presses the paper
on the folding line, and into the space between the jaws 6, 7, the latter then
standing open. In the further rotation of these carriers the jaw 7 will be closed
upon the folded or doubled edge, and clamp the same against the jaw 6, the jaws
then holding the paper and wrapper and carrying them onward with the carrier 30,
so that the folded or doubled edge becomes the leading edge. As the jaws 6, 7,
approach and pass the carrier 29, the grippers 18 release their hold upon the paper
at the proper time, while the wrapper 71 is ultimately torn from the pins 19. In
this movement the paper rearward of the jaws 6, 7, is laid over the lifting arms 13,
and the jaws 4, 5, and the wrapper web 71 is severed by the cutting blade 17
which co-operates with the cutting slot 21, thus detaching a short length from the
web, which length forms a wrapper 71. The wrapper it will be observed is of
sufficient length to envelope the folded paper in the manner shewn in Fig. 43, and
as shewn by the position of the cutting slots 21 and jaws 5, 7, and which distance
may be varied as may be desired. The combined wrapper and paper are now once
folded, as in Fig. 43, and are carried onward by the folded edge which is clamped
by the jaws 6, 7. In this condition the two pass between the surface of the
carrier 30 and the guide 22, whereby the plies of paper and those of the wrapper
extended over its opposite sides aro laid, lapped, or pressed together when their
relative position will be substantially such as is represented in Fig. 43.

page_text: In passing the carrier 40 the most extended or rearward ply of the wrapper 71
will receive a charge of paste from the carrier 40, and when the carrier 40 has so
far rotated as to bring its folding blade 20 into position, said blade will press the
wrapper (and a slight portion of the edge of the paper, if it is arranged to project
far enough) into the recess between the jaws 4, 5, the Intter then standing open.
The jaw 5 immediately closes to seize the paper and wrapper by the folded line,
and the jaw 7 is opened to release the forward end which drops down away from
the carrier 30.
To insure the descent or drooping movement of the forward end of the paper
when released by the jaw 7 the fingers 13 are quickly vibrated, as in Fig. 36, by
means of their operating cam 37 to throw said end outward before the guide 23 is
reached. The last folded line held by the jaws 4, 5, now becomes the leading end
and is carried between the carriers 41, 30, the guide 23 or the carrier 41 operating
to lay the body of the folded material onto the wrapper (see Fig. 38) and cause tho
edge of said wrapper to be cemented thereto by the line of paste or cement applied
thereto by the pasting surface 80 and said wrapper will be impressed with a printed
address by the printing device supported by the carrier in passing the same.
The
wrapped and addressed paper will be held by the jaws 5 and carried onward by
them to the rollers 38, 39, the cam 25 operating said jaws so that they will open
at the proper time to release the wrapped paper and permit it to be directed by the
conductors 35 between their lower faces and that of the roller 38, and thence
between the rollers 38, 39, for delivery at that point.
The carrier 41 may act as a delivery mechanism, whether it prints the addresses
or not, and it may then remain at the point shewn in Fig. 38, or be located in the
position occupied by the rollers 38, 39, in Fig. 38, as is shewn by Fig. 46. It may
then be provided with a set of gripping fingers 90, constructed and operating as is
common in printing machines, in which case the printing appliances described may
be used or not as is desired. Such grippers will operate to seize the folded sheet
from the nip of jaws 4, 5, when the saine is brought within the proper range of
action. The cam 25, which operates the jaws 5, will then, as in Fig. 38, be con-
structed so as to open said jaws at a proper point to release the paper when the
grippers 90 take it. The wrapped paper seized and held by the gripping fingers 90
will be carried by them around with the carrier 41, and in such movement it may
be intercepted by the curved ends of conductors, as 91, and thus be arrested and
deposited in a packing box or receptacle. The curved ends of the conductors may
be flattened to a point or thin edge, and will be shaped to conform to the surface
of the carrier 41, so as to pass between said surface and the enveloped paper, or
they may extend into peripherical grooves in said carrier. When these conductors
engage the wrapped paper the gripping fingers will be opened to release it. The folded
papers will be laid or deposited edgewise on the support of the conductors 91 in such
manner as to cause the wrapped papers to be deposited in the pile successively one
behind another. It will be seen that the tendency of the delivered folded and
wrapped papers is to assume a flut position. The rear portion of the pile will
therefore remove itself away from carrier 41 a sufficient distance to permit the
leading edge of the folded and wrapped paper to pass in behind the rearward end
of the pile and press the whole backward, the edge of the last delivered paper
resting upon the inner bends of the conductors 91 and lying against the pile.
It is evident that that portion of the carrier 41 which is in line with the
forward part of the folded paper to which it is held by the gripping fingers, may
be cut away a sufficient depth and distance to suit the thickness and surface extent
of the folded paper, as in Fig. 46, thus insuring the depositing of the wrapped paper
in the packing box even though the preceding deposited paper should lio close to
the common periphery of the carrier 41.
It will now be understood that if the rollers 38, 39, are placed at the point occupied
by the carrier 40, and a proper arrangement of the cutting devices in the carriers
29, 30, is made so that the ply of the wrapper 71, now shewn as the shorter, is
made the longer, a swinging or other folding blade mounted in the carrier 30 at

page_text: the position now occupied by the jaws 4, 5, may operate to produce the final fold
of the wrapped paper, which fold will be completed as the paper passes through
the rollers 38, 39, in which arrangement paste might be applied to the blade or to
the carrier 29.
In the apparatus thus far described the rollers 31, 32, are supposed to be
BO arranged as to deliver the printed paper 70 vertically from between them. In
the modification shown in Fig. 39 these rollers, though horizontally arranged, are
supposed to be delivering the printed paper in a horizontal plane. In both
structures these final folding or wrapper enveloping devices may have their sup-
porting frame hinged or otherwise arranged with respect to the frame of the main
machine so as to adapt this apparatus for removal from and return to its position
for co-action therewith, by which arrangement the same machine may deliver its
product without being wrapped, and readily be changed so that its product may
be wrapped or enveloped.
In the modification, Fig. 39, the carriers 29, 30, are of uniform size and shewn to
be provided with duplicate mechanisms. A detailed description of them is not
required for the reason that their structure and operation are like those heretofore
explained. In this arrangement there is shewn a modification of the pasting
apparatus constructed in the form of a rotating fountain constituted by con-
structing a large portion of the carrier 40 in the form of a paste vat 47, in which
the paster 45 is in the form of a fluted roll, said' fountain being slotted longi-
tudinally to permit the protrusion of one or more ribs of said fluted roller 45, the
next adjacent ribs on opposite sides of the protruding one bearing against the edges
of this perforation so as to seal the opening and prevent the escape of the fluid
pasto with which the fountain 47 is filled. The shaft 46 of this fluted paster 45 is
extended through one end of the carrier 40, where it is provided with a ratchet
wheel 43, one tooth of which is engaged at each revolution of the carrier 40 by a
tappet 99 projecting from the side frame. This tappeb thus causes the paster 45
to make so much of a rotation as is necessary to cause a paste charged rib or ribs
to protrude through the opening in the paste vat. This paste rib will, in the
course of the rotation of the carrier 40, come into contact with the wrapper
supported by the carrier 30, and apply paste thereto. The fluted roll may also be
caused to move the proper distance by gears, if so desired, instead of by the plan
shown.
1
It is evident that the roll 49 of wrapping web 71 may be placed a sufficient
distance away from the carrier 30 to admit the placing of an impression cylinder 62
and a carrier, as 61, which operate to support a belt which carries means for printing
the addresses in like manner as has been described with reference to carrier 41,
whereby the printing of the wrapping web 71 will be effected on the surface which
lies against cylinder 30.
From this description it will be understood that this apparatus comprises within
itself a means for imparting one or more folds to a printed product or paper, and
to envelope the same in a sealed wrapper, and therefore that the apparatus is
especially adapted for cooperation with printing mechanisms operating to produce
the printed paper.
The folding devices and the cutting devices herein described may be varied in
structure so as to embody any of the well known forms of such devices.
This apparatus may also be used irrespective of the mechanism for producing
the printed paper. Thus previously printed sheets may be fed to the grippers of
the carrier 29 from a suitable feeding table, which papers will have the wrapper
applied to them and be delivered as a scaled packago.
In the apparatus herein shown the address printing devices act with the folding,
pasting, and wrapping mechanism, therefore the breaking of the wrapper web, or a
break in the main newspaper web (when the within described apparatus is com-
bined and acts with a web perfecting printing machine) would cause the action of
such address plates or printing devices as are brought into action during the time
said breakage continues to be ineffective, and therefore the regular number of

page_text: addresses carried by the address printing devices would not be represented by a
corresponding number of wrapped and addressed products. To obviate this
difficulty another method of operation has been devised in which the address
printing devices are not brought into action until the wrapped and sealed product
is delivered into a packing box or receptacle provided therefor, said receiver being
constructed so as to receive a specific number of wrapped and sealed products, the
last one of which causes the address printing devices to come into action. This
enables the operator to remove imperfectly printed papers or wrapped products,
permitting only perfect products to constitute the specific actuating number of
printed, wrapped, and sealed products to be acted upon by the address printing
devices. These address printing devices then act upon each wrapped and scaled
product, and in combination with other devices cause the wrapped and printed
product to enter within the control of other devices, which are so constructed as to
bind together in a single pack any given number of wrapped, sealed, and addressed
products. In this case the desired number may be such as corresponds with the
number to be sent to one post office, the address printing devices being arranged to
print in succession the desired number of sealed products, said post office number
being separated by an index or actuating member, which causes the pack bundling
devices to come into action and tio or bind in a single pack the specified number of
papers and discharge the same.
One variation in the structure of this apparatus may have folding rollers
cooperating with a folding or creasing blade, thus entirely dispensing with fold
seizing jaws. Thus the main carrier 30 may have a folding blade tucking the
sheet on its folding line between folding rollers, and the second fold be performed
by a folding blade carried by one of these rollers, which will operate to tuck the
folded sheet on a second line of fold into the nip of a second set of folding rollers,
as will be readily understood.
Having now described the nature of this Invention for "Improvements in
Lotter Press Printing, and in Machinery for Printing and Folding Paper, and for
Wrapping Up, Pasting, and Addressing Folded Sheets," na communicated to mo
from abroad, and explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, I
wish it to be understood that under the above in part recited Letters Patent
I claim,
First. The means herein described for "threading" the web of paper in web
printing machines.
Second. The application to web printing machines of forwarding rollers H,
substantially as and for the purpose herein shown and described.
Third. The arrangement of paper travelling rollers L, L³, substantially as
described with reference to Figures 7 and 22 of the Drawings, whereby web
printing machinery constructed for printing from two webs at a time is rendered
applicable to the printing of supplements to newspapers.
Fourth. The arrangements of the formes as applied to single width, double
width, and supplement web printing machines, substantially as described, for
producing the arrangements of pages as shewn in the diagram, Figures 5, 6, 20, 21,
31, and 32.
Fifth. In combination with the web printing machine, in which the type cylinder
rotates the cutting, collecting, and flying mechanisms, substantially as described
and shewn with reference to Sheet 1 of the Drawings.
Sixth. The arrangement of fixed and adjustable guide rollers a, a¹, for
regulating the distance the web of paper has to travel between two sots of
impression cylinders to ensure the proper register of the back impressions.
Seventh. The combination with a single width "type revolving web printing
machine" provided with suitable cutting apparatus, of folding mechanisms arranged
to fold two sheets alternately in opposite directions, substantially as described with
reference to Fig. 8 of the Drawings.
Eighth. The arrangement of folding mechanism for giving two parallel folds to

page_text: two single width printed sheets alternately in oppposite directions, as shewn and
described with reference to Fig. 10 of the Drawings.
Ninth. The arrangement of combined cutting and folding mechanism for
folding single width sheets, as shewn and described with reference to Fig. 11.
Tenth. The several arrangements of folding mechanism for folding single
width sheets arranged to tuck and nip, and with or without cutting apparatus,
substantially as described with reference to Figures 12, 12, and 13 of the
Drawings.
Eleventh. The several arrangements of folding mechanisms for folding single
width sheets, whether four page or supplement sheets, substantially as shewn and
described with reference to Figures 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the Drawings.
Twelfth. The combination with a double width type revolving web printing
machine," provided with cutting apparatus for cutting the web both transversely
and longitudinally, of folding mechanisms arranged to collect the double width
sheets and fold them in single width sheets in opposite directions, as described with
reference to Figures 23 and 24 of the Drawings.
Thirteenth. The arrangement of grippers and folding blades in the folding
cylinders of double width folding machines, substantially as shewn and described
with reference to Figures 25 and 26 of the Drawings, for the purposo set forth.
Fourteenth. The means for collecting the double width sheets, for dividing
them into single width sheets and folding them in that form, substantially as
berein described with reference to Figures 27, 28, 29, and 30 of the Drawings.
Fifteenth. The apparatus for folding, wrapping up, and pasting partially folded
sheets of printed matter, for posting and for printing the addresses on such parcels,
substantially as herein shown and described with reference to Figures 36 to 40 of
the Drawings.
Sixteenth. The combination of the folding, wrapping up, pasting and address
printing apparatus above described with "type revolving web printing machinery,"
provided with cutting, collecting, and folding devices, as indicated at Figures 34
and 35 of the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Conquest, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Third day of April in the year of our Lord Ono
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.