Improvement in Shaft-furnaces and Kiins for the Treatment of Ores, Ceramic and other Materials.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Mar., 1899--Accepted, 20th May, 1893
Improvement in Shaft-furnaces and Kiins for the Treatment of Ores,
Ceramic and other Materials.
I, JASPER WETTER, Patent Agent, of 37 and 39, Essex Street, Strand, in the
County of London, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, a communication
from Philipp Friedrich Ernst Freundlich, Engineer, of Rathhausstrasse, Biebrich
on the Rhine, Germany, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:
-
Iron kilns and smelting furnaces with ordinary hollow walls for keeping the
inner surface cool have the great defect, that the cooling air which
ascends in the hollow walls will get hotter in proportion as it ascends,
will become less the nearer
and that consequently its cooling effect
it approaches the sintering zone, although this is just the zone most in need of
cooling.
Another and not less serious defect lies in the fact that the hollow walls render
it difficult to provide a number of suitable peep holes which enable the attendants to
watch the smelting or sintering process at various points of the furnace.
The present invention has for its object to remove these defects, and will be
described with the aid of the accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1 is a vertical
section or diagram of a kiln embodying the invention, while Figs. 2 to 5 show
various horizontal sections and details.
The improved kiln is built up of hollow rings or annular chambers provided
with open air spaces A, Figs. 1 and 5, and of hollow rings provided with air
spaces B capable of being closed (Figs. 1 and 4), so as to form alternate layers or
zones.
The interior C of the rings A has the same diameter as the interior c of the
rings B, but the outer diameter of the latter is smaller than the outer diameter of
the rings A.
In consequence of this arrangement fresh air suitable for cooling will enter
at the base of every ring A, and escape at the top of the same, as indicated by arrows
in the drawings where the inlets are designated with A' and the outlets with A².
Each ring is therefore cooled independently of its neighbours.
or
The inner wall B' of each ring B is perforated, while the outer wall 12 is
movable
by other suit-
as
on hinge joints, illustrated by Fig. 4
able means, and provided at suitable places with small apertures adapted
to be closed wholly or partly. Through these apertures the ring B
receives from the atmosphere the cooling air necessary for its
tion. The air which has thus entered the ring subsequently passes through the
perforated inner wall B', into the interior of the kiln and promotes the draught
of the same.
conserva-
The apertures in the walls B are preferably provided with suitable slides adapted
to regulate the access of air and the draught into the interior of the kiln.
In the construction represented by Fig. 4, the outer wall B² is composed of
doors adapted to turn on hinges.
If it is desired to watch or observe the smelting or sintering process at any part

page_text: of the kiln, the door nearest to the said part is opened, after which small samples
of the material contained in the kiln may easily be taken through the perforated
inner wall. In other respects the furnace or kiln may be similar to those
hitherto known.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. In kilns and shaft furnaces chiefly composed of iron rings or segments, the
combination of two sets or systems of hollow rings having unequal external
diameters and arranged in alternation with each other, each ring of one set having
an immovable outer wall with constantly open air pasages and a closed inner wall,
in order to provide an independent supply of cooling air for each ring, while each
ring of the other set has a movable outer wall and a perforated inner wall, in order
that the burning or smelting process may be conveniently watched and the draught
increased.
2. A kiln or shaft furnace having hollow walls constructed and adapted to operate
substantially as described and illustrated.
Doted this 20th day of March 1890
FAIRFAX & WETTER,
Agents, 37 and 39, Essex Street, Strand, London.