Improvements in Centrifugal Apparatus for Making Hollow or Solid Ingots of Metal.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Centrifugal Apparatus for Making Hollow or Solid
Ingots of Metal.
I, FRANS GUSTAF STRIDSBERG, of St. Eriks Plan 2, Stockholm, in the King-
dom of Sweden, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
This invention relates to an apparatus by means of which the known method
of producing hollow cylindrical castings by the aid of centrifugal force can be
carried out in practice, the apparatus being more especially intended for use in
making sound hollow ingots for the manufacture of tubes."
The apparatus consists of a casing in which are placed one or more moulds.
The casing is suspended on gudgeons in order to allow of tipping it so as to
bring the moulds to occupy a vertical, horizontal or inclined position. The lower
ends of the moulds are connected by means of coupling-sleeves to driving shafts
to which power is transmitted by means of gearing or gear-wheels from a common
wheel on a central shaft which is also provided with a gear-wheel. When one
mould only is employed, evidently no intermediate wheels will be necessary, the
central shaft being simply provided at its upper end with a coupling-sleeve for
receiving the mould. The motive power is transmitted to the centrifugal apparatus
by bringing the driving wheel in contact with a similar driving wheel located
in such position with relation to the gudgeons of the centrifugal apparatus that
the ingot-moulds will occupy the desired positions in each case. The driving
wheels are mounted on shafts which are also provided with suitable means for
receiving the motive power from a motor, as for instance, belt pulleys, cranks,
bevel-gears or the like. Motors, for instance steam turbines or electric motors,
may alternately be applied directly to the shafts. The driving wheels are prefer-
ably made in the shape of friction pulleys in order that power may be trans-
mitted from one to the other by more contact. Power may be transmitted to
the centrifugal apparatus in three positions of the latter, viz., one when in a
vertical inclined and horizontal position respectively. The metal is poured into
the heated ingot moulds while they are in a vertical position, and the moulds
are set rotating in this position immediately on commencing the pouring. When
the moulds have been allowed to rotate at the required velocity for a length of
time that is adequate to the treatment of the metal for producing a hollow ingot,
the driving wheel of the casing is by turning the apparatus, disengaged from
its corresponding wheel and brought into engagement with one of the other
wheels in order to facilitate a uniform distribution of the metal at the walls of
the mould, by bringing the latter into a different position and to cause the
ingot to retain its shape while solidifying. Owing to their inertia the moulds
continue their rotation while being turned from one driving position to the other,
but their stored power is insufficient for keeping up their rotation for the desired
ength of time and it is therefore necessary to supply motive power until the
metal has solidified. The metal must be poured into the moulds while the latter
Price 8d1

page_text: are in the vertical position, in order to prevent the formation of flakes or spirals
of cooled metal on the surface of the ingot. In pouring, the upper surface of
the metal will rise along the walls of the mould while in the said upper surface
there forms a funnel-shaped cavity which does not reach down to the bottom
of the mould. When the mould is brought into. the horizontal position, the
metal can flow or move outwards and become distributed along the inner walls
of the mould so as to produce an ingot of uniform thickness of metal.
BOULT & WADE, .
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in Centrifugal Apparatus for Making Hollow or Solid
Ingots of Metal.
I, FRANS GUSTAF STRIDSBERG, of St. Eriks Plan 2, Stockholm, in the King-
dom of Sweden, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to an apparatus by means of which the known method
of producing hollow cylindrical castings by the aid of.centrifugal force can be
carried out in practice, the apparatus being more especially intended for use in
making sound hollow ingots for the manufacture of tubes."
Figure 1 shows the apparatus in a vertical section, the centrifugal apparatus
being seen in its vertical position, and
Figure 3 shows the apparatus in plan-view.
Figure 2 represents an elevation of the apparatus, and
Figure 4 an end view, the driving-arrangement being here omitted.
The apparatus consists of a casing a in which are placed one or more moulds c.
The casing is suspended on gudgeons b, in order to allow of tipping it so as to
bring the moulds to occupy a vertical, horizontal or inclined position. The lower
ends of the moulds are connected by means of coupling-sleeves to driving-
shafts to which power is transmitted by means of gearing or gear-wheels h
from a common wheel g on a central shaft 7 which is also provided with a gear-
wheel f. When one mould only employed, evidently no intermediate wheels g
and will be needed, the central shaft 7 being simply provided at its upper end
with a coupling-sleeve for receiving the mould. The motive-power is trans-
mitted to the centrifugal apparatus by bringing the driving-wheel f in contact
with a similar driving wheel d d or located in such position with relation
to the gudgeons 6 of the centrifugal apparatus that the ingot-moulds will occupy
the desired positions in each respective case. The driving-wheels ddd are
mounted on shafts mmm which are also provided with suitable means for
receiving the motive-power from a motor, as for instance, belt-pulleys e e¹ and el,
cranks, bevel-gears, or the like. Motors, for instance steam-turbines, or electric
motors, may alteratively he applied directly to the shafts m, m' and m". The
driving-wheels d and f are preferably made in the shape of friction-pulleys, in
order that power may be transmitted from one to the other by mere contact. In
Figures 1 and 2 is shown how power may be transmitted to the centrifugal
apparatus in three positions of the latter. viz., when in vertical, inclined and
horizontal positions respectively. The metal is poured into the heated ingot
moulds while they are in a vertical position, and the moulds are set rotating in
this position immediately on commencing the pouring. When the moulds have

page_text: been allowed to rotate at the required velocity for a length of time that is
adequate to the treatment of the metal for producing a hollow ingot, the driving-
wheel of the casing is, by turning the apparatus, disengaged from its corre-
sponding wheel and brought into engagement with the wheels du or d, in
order to facilitate a uniform distribution of the metal at the walls of
the mould, by bringing the latter into a different position, and to cause the
ingot to retain its shaps while solidifying. Owing to their inertia the moulds
continue their rotation while being turned from one driving-position to the other,
but their stored power is insufficient for keeping up their rotation for the desired
length of time, and it is therefore necessary to supply motive-power until the
metal has solidified. The metal must be poured into the moulds while the latter
are in the vertical position, in order to prevent the formation of flakes or spirals
of cooled metal on the surface of the ingot. In pouring, the upper surface of
the metal will rise along the walls of the mould while in the said upper surface
there forms a funnel-shaped cavity which does not reach down to the bottom
of the mould. When the mould is brought into the horizontal position, the
metal can flow or move outwards and become distributed along the inner walls
of the mould so as to produce an ingot of uniform thickness of metal.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. A centrifugal apparatus for making hollow or solid ingots of metal, com-
prising one or more ingot-moulds rotated from a main driving-shaft and wheel
carried by the casing said mould or moulds together with the driving-shaft or
shafts being contained in a casing adapted to turn on gudgeons, a driving-wheel
connected to any convenient form of motor and so locateil outside said centri-
fugal apparatus that, in the vertical position of the apparatus, the driving-
wheels will be in contact or engagement with each other and power will be trans-
mitted, whereas transmission of power will be discontinued when the apparatus
is turned from the said position substantially as described.
2. In apparatus of the character described the arrangement of two or more
driving-wheels as dd, d₁ so located with relation to the casing of the centri-
fugal apparatus that power can be transmitted by means of the driving-wheels
in other positions of the centrifugal apparatus besides the vertical substantially
as described.
3. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the complete
apparatus for making hollow or solid ingots of metal, substantially as described
or illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this lat day of Wohrn 1809
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.