Improvements in Bricks.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Nov., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 14th Aug., 1896-Accepted, 17th Oct.,
1898
Improvements in Bricks.
1, FELIX JULIEN of 22 Rue Schoppach, Arlon, in the Kingdom of Belgium,
Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of my invention is a mortised brick, by which a wall may be built
without the aid of mortar, simply by superposing the bricks, one above another
and clamping or mortising them.
The brick is provided with vertical grooves causing a current of air inside the
wall, which serves to ventilate it and keep it dry.
By the use of my invention, buildings can, therefore, be erected at little cost and
are at once habitable.
Centrally on one of the faces of the brick and the whole length thereof, &
horizontal projection is formed of rectangular shape, to which there corresponds, on
the other face, a horizontal recess of the same shape, a little deeper than the height
of the projection, so that the bricks may clamp into each other, leaving a small
empty space between them.
The part of the brick that is in relief, is pierced vertically, with two round or
rectangular holes, corresponding to the lower empty space, so as to induce a current
of air, in all directions, inside the walls, for drying and ventilating them.
On one of the two interior vertical faces, there are two projections, or tenons,
of a rectangular, or dovetail shape extending the whole height of the brick and
to which correspond two mortices or recesses of the same shape, on the opposite
face.
The bricks abutting on the door or window uprights,-whether the said uprights
are made of freestone or ceramic-or on the corner stones, real or artificial, have
formed on them two extensions between which the exterior dovetail side of the
upright, or of the corner stone, is enchased' or fitted.
In the corner-bricks, the horizontal projection and the horizontal recess are
inflected at right angles, to the right or left as the case may be, so as to form the
connection with the adjoining wall.
As the brick occupies the whole thickness of the wall, the latter is built up
without mortar, simply by placing the bricks one upon another, and clamping or
mortising them. The overlap of the layers completes the solidity of the structure,
giving it all requisite firmness.
A slight notch of an inch deep, and a few lines wide, is cut lengthwise or along
the outside edges of the brick: this is filled with cement, causing the joints to be
completely impermeable and protecting the wall from dampness and the disin-
tegrating action of the air.
Dated this 12th day of November 1895.
L. DUVINAGE,
Agent for Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Bricks.
FELIX JULIEN of 22 Rue Schoppach Arlon in the Kingdom of Belgium,
Manufacturor, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :--
The object of my invention is a mortised brick, by which a wall may be built
without the aid of mortar, simply by superposing the bricks, one above another and
clamping or mortising them.
'
The brick is provided with vertical grooves causing a current of air inside the
wall, which serves to ventilate it and keep it dry.
By the use of my invention, buildings cau, therefore, be erected at little cost and
are at once habitable... ;
In the accompanying drawing, .
Fig. I is a plan view of my. clamping brick.,
Fig. II a side view.
Fig. III a front view.
Fig. 1V is a plan view, of my improved brick.for the window and door frames, or
for the corner-stones;
Fig. V shows the dovetail-shaped upright of a door, such upright being either
of real or artificial stone and adapted to be enchased, or fitted between the
projections, d of the brick: IV.
•
Fig. VI represents a special kind of corner-stone.
Fig. VI is a view of a half brick employed, in combination with the entire
bricks for building thicker walls.
Fig. VII is a plan view of a modification of my brick...
Fig. VIII a.side view of the same and
Fig. IX a plan view of a modified-corner-stone.
Centrally on one of the-faces of the brick and the whole length thereof, (see
Fig. 1 to IV) a projection- A is formed, of rectangular shape, to which there
corresponds, on the other face, a recess A, of the same shape, a little deeper
than the height of the projection, so that the bricks may clamp into each other,
leaving a small empty space between them...
The part of the brick: that is in relief, is pierced, vertically, with two roundtor
rectangular holes o corresponding to the lower empty space, so as to induce a
current of air, in all directions, inside the walls, for drying and ventilating them.
On, one of the two interior vertical faces, there are, two projections; or
tenons a of a rectangular, or dovetail shape extending the whole height of the
brick and to which correspond two mortices or recesses a¹,.of the same:shape,.on
the opposite face..
"I
1
The bricks abutting on the door. or window uprights-whether the said uprights
are made of freestone or ceramic or on the corner-stones; real or artificial, have
formed on them two extensions d, between the free space.b of, which the exterior
dovetail side b¹ of the upright, or of the corner-stone, is enchased.or fitted..
In the corner-bricks, the projection A and the recess A are inflected at right
angles, to the right or left as the case may be, so as to form the connection with the
adjoining wall
As the brick occupies the whole thickness of the wall, the latter is built up
without mortar, simply by placing the bricks one upon another, and clamping or
mortising them. The overlap of the layers completes the solidity of the structure,
giving it all requisite firmness.
A slight notch fof an inch deep, and a few lines wide, is out lengthwise or along
the outside edges of the brick: this is filled with cement, causing the joints to be

page_text: completely impermeable and protecting the wall from dampness and the disin-
tegrating action of the air.
The Fig. VIA shows a brick from which the part at the right or at the left side
of the longitudinal projection and recess has been removed. I call it a half brick.
It is employed in combination with the entire bricks for building walls of a greater
thickness than that of the single brick.
The Figs. VII-VIII and IX show a modification of my improved brick and
corner-stone in which the holes c, tenons a and mortices a are replaced by the
extension or recession of the longitudinal projection A or recess A' over or in the
interior vertical faces of the brick or corner-stone.
The extended part of the longitudinal projection of one brick is made to
correspond with the recessed part of the longitudinal projection of the adjacent
brick.
For allowing the passage of the current of air between the adjacent bricks of the
same level, the recessed part of the projection is greater than the length of its
extended part.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. A mortised or clamped brick, distinguished by a longitudinal projection A
and a recess A' also longitudinal vertical grooves crossing the said projection as far
as the recess; projections, a corresponding to mortices, a inade in the inside
vertical faces of the brick, and notches intended to be filled with cement to make
the joints weather-tight.
2. A special form of the brick claimed in No. 1, distinguished by two extensions d
between which the dovetail-shaped upright, or angular stone is intended to be fitted
or enchased.
3. A special form of the brick described in Claim 1, intended to form the
angles of the walls, and in which the projection A and the recess A' are for this
purpose, inflected at right angles, to the right or left as required.
4. A half brick being a part of the brick specified in Claim 1, serving in
combination with the said brick to the building of thicker walls.
C
5. A modification of the brick consisting in the replacement of the holes
tenons a and mortice a' by the extension and recession of the longitudinal
projection A or recess A¹ over or in the interior vertical faces of the brick or
corner-stone.
The whole as described in the above specification and shewn in the accompanying
drawings.
DAL
1
1000
L. DUVINAGE,
Agent for Applicant.