IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NON-SLIPPING SOLES FOR BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1884

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I HARRIS MARKUS of Fleetwood in the County of Lancaster India Rubber
Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NON-SLIPPING SOLES FOR BOOTS AND SHOES" and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :—
This Invention is designed principally for the manufacture of non-slipping soles
for lawn tennis shoes, but my improved soles are also applicable to boots and shoes
for other athletic purposes or for ordinary wear, where a non-slipping waterproof
sole is required.
Hitherto such soles have been made by cementing either plain or corrugated
sheet india rubber into leather soles, but when the leather became saturated with
wet, the cement would not hold and the india rubber was liable to become loose;
and in some cases it has also been the practise to stitch the india rubber sole to the
leather sole at the edge as an additional security.
Fig. 1 in the annexed'Drawing is a section across a boot or shoe, illustrating the
application of my improvements thereto.
According to my Invention I make the boot or shoe with a plain leather sole a, a
as usual; and instead of cementing and stitching on a second sole of plain or
corrugated india rubber I fix on by the same means (that is by cementing and
stitching) a compound sole 6, 6 formed in the following manner.
In a piece of leather of the proper size I punch or cut out a number of hole's c, c
(say about three eighths of an inch in diameter) at those parts corresponding with
the tread of the foot and the heel as shown at Fig. 2.
I prepare a number of flanged studs dd, d of india rubber shown detached at
Fig. 3. of a similar diameter and of such a form that when these studs are pushed
nto the holes from one side of the leather b, b (see Fig. 1.) they will project from
he other side thereof in the form of hemispherical studs.
And when these compound soles b, b are cemented on to the soles a, a and
titched round the edges at the dotted lines e, e the half round india rubber studs
l,d will aford an efficient non-slipping surface, the studs being held securely in
heir places by the flanges. which are firmly cemented between the two soles a, a
nd b, b.

page_text: I prefer to make these flanges of strong canvas, the india rubber studs being
firmly affixed thereto by pressure in the process of manufacture and the canvas
and rubber being both vulcanized together so that they cannot be separated by
rough usage.
In some cases instead of the round studs d, à I propose to use bars of india
rubber f,fas shown at Fig. 4. provided at the back with flanges and secured in the
same manner as the studs.
Having now described the nature and object of my said Invention and in what
manner the same'is to be performed I wish it to be understood that I claim
The manufacture of non-slipping soles for boots and shoes, with projecting studs
or bars of india rubber constructed and applied substantially in the manner
herein before described and illustrated by the Drawings annexed.
GEORGE DAVIES,
Agent for Applicant.