Improvements in Brakes for Carriages, Wagons, Motor Cars, and other Vehicles.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Jan., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 13th Oct., 1898-Accepted, 19th Nov., 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Brakes for Carriages, Wagons, Motor Cars, and
other Vehicles.
I, SIDNEY REID, of Akenside Hill, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Printer and Stationer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In the ordinary form of brake the friction used to retard the motion of the wheel
is produced by the direct contact of a fixed piece of mechanism with the rim of the
wheel; and both this piece of mechanism and the part of the wheel with which it
is brought in contact are more or less worn by the friction. Now I by my inven-
tion substitute for the fixed piece of mechanism before referred to an arrangement
of two revolving cones or cylinders set at an angle, so as to embrace the sides of
the tire of the wheel. These cones revolve upon fixed spindles and may be made
(within wide limits to almost any desired extent) to distribute the friction, so as
wholly or in a larger degree to take off the abraiding friction from the tire of the
wheel. The brake action is produced by compression of and consequent drag upon
the tire but not to such an extent as if the cones could not revolve; and also (by
preference) by compression of the cones which for this purpose may construct of
india rubber or some other suitable elastic material, or mount on spring-supported
spindles. To prevent concentration of the abraiding friction in the spindles
carrying the cones I may bush the cones and occasionally oil them. I may also
use what is known as the anti-friction curve, in the formation of the bearing and
bush of the cones so as to allow of wear without producing looseness.
ד
T
1000
J. JAMESON,
Newcastle-on-Tyne. Agent for Applicant.
Improvements in Brakes for Carriages, Wagons, Motor Cars, and
other Vehicles.
I, SIDNEY REID, of Akenside Hill, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Printer and Stationer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
In the ordinary form of brake the friction used to retard the motion of the wheel
is produced by the direct contact of a fixed piece of mechanism with the rim of the
wheel; and both this piece of mechanism and the part of the wheel with which it
is brought into contact are more or less worn by the friction.
Now I by my
invention substitute for the fixed piece of mechanisin before referred to an arrange.
[Price 8d1

page_text: ment of two revolving cones, or cylinders set at an angle, so as to embrace the
sides of the tire of the wheel. These cones revolve upon fixed spindles and may
be made (within wide limits) to almost any desired extent to distribute the friction,
so as wholly or in a large degree to take off the abraiding friction from the tire of
the wheel. The brake action is produced by compression of and consequent drag
upon the tire but not to such an extent as if the cones could not revolve; and also
(by preference) by compression of the cones, which for this purpose I may construct
of India rubber, or some other suitable elastic material, or mount on spring-
supported spindles. To prevent concentration of the abraiding friction in the
spindles carrying the cones I may bush the cones and occasionally oil them. I
may also use what is known as the anti-friction curve, in the formation of the
bearing and bush of the cones so as to allow of wear without producing looseness.
My invention applies to most if not all descriptions of wheels for vehicles but in
an especial degree its advantages exist when it is used in combination with
pneumatic tired or solid rubber tired wheels.
The tire of a wheel wears most just at that part which is brought in contact with
the road, and with an ordinary form of friction brake the brake block is usually
applied on the same part of the wheel as is chafed by the road-wear, and an
abrading friction is set up which is increased by such irregularities of surface
as may have arisen from the wear due to contact with the road.
It is the object
of my invention to apply the friction of the brake to a part of the tire or rim which
is free from the abrasion due to wear on the road, and which is subjected only to
the drag of the brake itself. To accomplish this I use two cones or two cylinders
set at an angle as cylindrical rollers so arranged as that the movement of the brake
apparatus towards the centre of the wheel to which it is to be applied shall cause
these cones or cylinders first to touch the wheel tire on each side and then by
further movement nip it, with any desired degree of force. In order to regulate
the abraiding friction and also to produce more uniformity of wear in the applied
part of the brake I so mount those cones or cylinders as that they can revolve upon
their axes the intention being that with whatever amount of pressure they may be
applied to the wheel they shall revolve so long as the wheel continues to revolve,
instead of being fixed.
A further advantage incidental to my invention is that by applying the brake to
both sides of the wheel at once the pressure on one side balances that on the other
and by making the brake blocks conical or by inclining the cylinders at an angle I
can place a pressure upon the wheel (tending to retard it) of greater effect than if
applied as direct pressure, that is to say the acuteness of the angle at the apex of
the cones or at the point of junction of lines passing through the axes of the
cylinders or cylindrical rollers increases the holding power of the brakes in a func-
tion dependent upon both the pressure applied and the acutness of this angle and
not merely as with the ordinary form of brake in proportion only to the pressure
applied.
In the drawing hereto attached Fig. 1 represents a brake with cones and Fig. 2
represents a brake with cylinders or cylindrical rollers set at an angle.
The brake is represented in the drawing for clearness of illustration as just clear
of the wheel. In actual practice I should somewhat increase the space between
the brake and the wheel for clearance. The brake is held out of contact with the
wheel by spring or any other desired contrivance as with an ordinary brake. I
omit for clearness such parts of brake mechanism as form no part of my invention
and are in common use. In Fig. 1AA are the cones and in Fig. 2 AA are the
cylinders or cylindrical rollers set at an angle and B is in both cases the tire of
the wheel. The cones or cylinders are free to revolve on the spindles CC and they
are retained in position on these spindles by the nuts DD and by the collars EE
The first effect of the application of the brake to the revolving wheel is to cause
the cones or cylinders to revolve at a rate inversely approximately relative to the
differences of diameter of the wheel and cones at the point of contact the effect of
increased pressure however is somewhat to distort the shape of the tire and also of

page_text: the elastic cones or cylinders and to set up greatly increased friction which is taken
up in part upon the spindles and in part in the effort of distortion in both tire and
cones.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
The construction of brakes for carriages, wagons, motors cars and other vehicles
with revolving cones or with revolving cylinders set at an angle substantially as
described.
Dated this Twelfth day of October 1898.
J. JAMESON.
Akenside Hill, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Agent for Applicant.