IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF HATS, BONNETS, WAISTCOATS, AND TRIMMINGS FOR WEARING APPAREL
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Artbur Granger, of Holborn, in the County of
Middlesex, Stationer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF HATS, BONNETS, WAISTCOATS, AND TRIMMINGS FOR WEARING
APPAREL."
Sealed the 30th August 1861, and dated the 15th March 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arthur Granger at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th March 1861.
I, ARTHUR GRANGER, of Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, Stationer,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF HATS, BONNETS, WAISTCOATS, AND TRIMMINGS FOR WEARING
APPAREL," to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention relates to the manufacture of hats and
bonnets from paper, and consists in shaping the bodies from paper or paper
cloth, or moulding or shaping them from paper pulp. The bodies thus pre-
pared are then coated on their exterior surfaces with any suitable adhesive
varnish (waterproof, if desired), and before such varnish is dry, woollen, silk,
cotton, or other flock of any desired color in the form of dust or powder is
sifted evenly over the prepared surface to impart the appearance of cloth or
felt to hats or bonnets so manufactured; the insides may be lined and finished
as heretofore, and woven fabric or other suitable material may be applied to
[Price 8d.1

page_text: strengthen certain parts of such hats and bonnets where required, and bonnets
so made may, if desired, have ornamental designs embossed or impressed
thereon, or applied thereto, or be trimmed and finished according to the taste
of the wearer.
For the manufacture of waistcoats or vests, according to my Invention, I
make them either from paper (plain or enamelled), paper cloth, or cotton, or
linen cloth, enamelled by the processes well known in the manufacture of
enamelled paper or card, but I prefer to employ preparations of zinc for this
purpose, , such preparations not being of an injurious nature. I cut out or
form the waistcoats or vests from either of the above materials, and emboss,
impress, or print any suitable design on the front surface to ornament the
same, and to indicate the outlines of the pockets, button-holes, stitching, or
other parts, and when paper alone is employed, the button-holes, pockets, and
other parts liable to wear may be strengthened by affixing or applying woven
fabric or other suitable material thereto, and I give the appearance of cloth or
felt to waistcoats or vests so manufactured by applying varnish and sifting flock
thereon, as before described in reference to the first part of my Invention; the
fronts only of waistcoats or vests of this character may be made as before
described, and the backs of such vests may be made separately of any suitable
fabric, and the fronts may be attached to them when worn by buttons, or
otherwise, so that different fronts may be worn therewith, and such fronts of
waistcoats or vests may be made reversible if desired.
In like inanner may trimmings for ladies' and children's dress be manu-
factured of paper, paper cloth, paper pulp, shaped, moulded or cut out of,and
of various designs, and treated as described in respect to the other part of my
Invention, and embossed or impressed in a similar manner to that in which
velvets and other fabrics are manufactured for like purposes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Arthur Granger in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
13th September 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ARTHUR
GRANGER, of Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, Stationer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the

page_text: said Arthur Granger, Her special licence that I, the said Arthur Granger,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Arthur Granger, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time, and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS, BONNETS, WAISTCOATS, AND TRIMMINGS FOR WEARING
APPAREL," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Arthur
Granger, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
per-
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Arthur Granger, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
The first part of my Invention relates to the manufacture of hats and
bonnets from paper, and consists in shaping the bodies from sheets of paper or
paper cloth, upon suitable blocks or forms, or by moulding or shaping them
from paper pulp. In making the bodies according to this part of my Inven-
tion I prefer to form the same from sheets or pieces of paper saturated with
paste. The pieces of paper thus prepared are laid over each other upon, or by
preference within hollow divided moulds of plaster of Paris, or other material
until the body is of the required strength and substance. It is then taken out
of the mould and dried in an oven or otherwise. Canvas or woven fabric is
applied to the rims of the hat bodies to give strength thereto. In making the
bodies of hats or bonnets for the purposes of my Invention from paper pulp, I
either form the same from pulp in a state of paste pressed into dies or moulds
of suitable shape, as is well understood in the manufacture of other articles of
upon hollow
paper pulp known as "papier máché," or I form such bodies
shapes of wire gauze or other porous surfaces, the air being exhausted from
the interior of such shapes when immersed in paper pulp, in like manner to
that practised in the manufacture of seamless paper bags,'envelopes, cartridge
cases, &c., for which patents have been previously granted to other parties.
The bodies thus prepared when dry are coated on their exterior surfaces
with one or more coats of any suitable adhesive varnish (waterproof, if

page_text: desired,) or such as is employed in making hats of other materials; and before
the last coating of such varnish is dry, woollen, silk, cotton, or other flock in
the form of dust or powder is sifted evenly over the prepared surface to
impart the appearance of cloth or felt to the hats or bonnets so manufactured.
The insides of such hats or bonnets may be lined and finished as heretofore,
or in like manner, to those articles made of other materials, and woven fabric,
leather, or leather cloth, or other suitable material may be applied to strengthen
certain parts of such hats and bonnets where required, and bonnets so made
may, if desired, have ornamental designs embossed or impressed thereon, or
applied thereto, or they may be trimmed and finished like other bonnets
according to the taste of the wearer.
For the manufacture of waistcoats or vests according to my Invention I
make them either from paper (plain or enamelled), paper cloth, or of cotton,
linen, or other cloth, enamelled by the processes well known in the manu-
facture of enamelled paper, card, or pasteboard; but I prefer to employ pre-
parations of zinc for this purpose, such preparations not being of an injurious
nature to the health of the wearer... I cut out or form the waistcoats or vests
from either of the above materials, and emboss, impress, colour, or print any
suitable design on the front surfaces thereof to ornament the same, and also to
indicate the outlines of the pockets, button-holes, stitching, binding, or other
parts; and when paper alone is employed, the button-holes, pockets, and other
parts liable to be torn in wear, may be strengthened by affixing or applying
woven fabric or other suitable material thereto; and for some purposes I give
the appearance of cloth or felt to waistcoats or vests so manufactured by
applying a coat of adhesive varnish, and sifting flock thereon, as before
described in reference to the first part of my Invention. The front parts only
of waistcoats or vests of this character may be made as before described, and
the backs to be worn with the fronts of waistcoats or vests so made may be
made separate therefrom of any suitable fabric, and the front parts may
be attached to them when worn by buttons, strings, or otherwise, so that
different fronts may be attached to and worn with such separate backs
according to the taste or desire of the wearer, such fronts being cast aside
when soiled or worn out, and new ones substituted therefor, and such waist-
coats or vests may be made reversible, if desired.
In like manner I manufacture trimmings for ladies' and children's dress of
paper, paper cloth, paper pulp, or thin cardboard, shaped, moulded, or cut out,
and of various designs, and coated with fibrous flock, as described in respect to
the other parts of my Invention, and embossed or impressed in a similar
manner to that in which similar trimmings made of velvet and other fabrics

page_text: are manufactured for like purposes, and such trimmings may be cut into
suitable breadths, sizes, or shapes adapted to the purpose for which they are
required.
In witness whereof, I, the said Arthur Granger, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
ARTHUR GRANGER. (L.S.)
Witness,
J. G. TONGUE,
Patent Agent,
34, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane.