IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY YOR PREPARING SIZE, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE SIZING OF YARN AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS AND FABRICS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Eastwood, of Blackburn, in the County
of Lancaster, Machine Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY YOR PREPARING SIZE, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO
BE EMPLOYED IN THE SIZING OF YARN AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS AND
FABRICS."
Sealed the 5th September 1868, and dated the 6th March 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Eastwood at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th March 1868.
I, JAMES EASTWOOD, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster,
Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING SIZE AND IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE SIZING OF YARN AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
AND FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to the "dashers" employed in the
washing of flour in the preparing of size, and consists in constructing
such dashers on square shafts, having a pair of flanges or
collars thereon, betwixt which is received the fork of a lever working on
[Price 8d.1

page_text: a fulcrum; this lever is for the purpose of raising and lowering the
dashers as required, or where convenient pulley blocks may be
employed.
Secondly. To further improvements in the apparatus employed for
heating and boiling size, for which Letters Patent were granted to me,
A.D. 1865, No. 2883.
In constructing apparatus according to this Invention I employ a
cylinder, one end of which is closed; within this cylinder I introduce
a second of similar construction, but considerably smaller in diameter
and close the end by means of an annular ring received between the
two, the space between the outer and inner cylinders being
occupied by size. In the inside of the internal cylinder is a coiled
or helical pipe for conveying size to the space between the cylinders; a
second pipe in communication with the interior of the smaller cylinder
discharges steam thereinto for the purpose of heating and boiling the
size; the condensed steam is discharged by a tap or valve. The
boiled size is conveyed to the size box by means of a pipe in which
is a tap or valve worked by a lever tappet or rack, so as to maintain a
uniform supply and quantity of size in the said box.
Thirdly. In the employment of a fan for discharging a blast of hot
or cold air on the warp after the same is sized in its passage from the
drying cylinders to the weaver's beam, which yarn would at the point
where submitted to the blast be enclosed or caused to pass through a box
or confined space; this is more especially adapted to the drying of
fabrics, and the fan above mentioned would require much less power
to actuate it than the cumbersome "vane fans" now employed for that
purpose.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Eastwood in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 5th September 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, 1, JAMES
EASTWOOD, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker,
send greeting.
Her
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of March, in the year of

page_text: our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said James Eastwood, Her special licence
that I, the said James Eastwood, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said James Eastwood, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR PREPARING SIZE AND IN MACHINELY OR APPARATUS TO BE
EMPLOYED IN THE SIZING OF YARN AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS AND
FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James
Eastwood, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Eastwood, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to the dashers" employed in the
washing of flour in the preparing of size, and consists in constructing
such dashers on square shafts, having a pair of flanges or
collars thereon, betwixt which is received the fork of a lever working on
a fulcrum; this lever is for the purpose of raising and lowering the
dashers as required, or where convenient pulley blocks may be
employed.
Secondly. To further improvements in the apparatus employed for
heating and boiling size or other glutinous compounds, for which Letters
Patent were granted to me, A.D. 1865, No. 2883.
In constructing apparatus according to this Invention I employ a
cylinder one end of which is closed; within this cylinder I introduce
a second one of similar construction, but considerably smaller in diameter,
and close the ends by means of an annular ring received between the

page_text: two, the space between the outer and inner cylinders being
occupied by size. In the inside of the internal cylinder is a coiled
or helical pipe for conveying size to the space between the cylinders; a
second pipe in communication with the interior of the smaller cylinder
discharges steam thereinto for the purpose of heating and boiling the
size; the condensed steam is discharged by a tap or valve.
boiled size is conveyed to the size box by means of a pipe in which
is a tap or valve worked by a lever, tappet, or rack, or any other suitable
motion, so as to maintain a uniform supply and quantity of size in the
said box.
The
Thirdly. In the employment of a fan for discharging a blast of hot,
or cold air on the warp after the same is sized in its passage from the
drying cylinders to the weaver's beam, which yarn would at the point
where submitted to the blast be enclosed or caused to pass through a box
or confined space; this is more especially adapted to the drying of
fabrics, and the fan above mentioned would require much less power
to actuate it than the cumbersome "vane fans" now employed for that
purpose.
Such being the nature and object of this my said Invention, I will
now proceed to describe the same in detail; and in order that the same
may be fully understood, I have hereunto annexed two Sheets of
Drawings and have marked the same with figures and letters of
reference, the same letter referring to the same part in the various
Figures.
At Fig. 1 is shewn plan view of "dasher" A employed for washing
the flour in the preparation of size; the dasher rests on the lever A¹,
the said lever being readily raised at its end A¹ by means of the worm
or screw on its fulcrum A³; the dasher A is thus raised or lowered in
the "wash tub" when required, i.e., when a large quantity of flour is
in the tub the resistance to the dasher is very great until agitated
or set in motion by the dasher; this is readily effected by raising the
dasher so as to bring it in contact with the flour near its surface;
Figs. 2, 3, are details of lever and appliance for working same; at Fig. 6
is shewn size-boiling apparatus constructed of an inner cylinder B' with
its end at 6 closed. Another cylinder B³ of larger diameter enclosing
the first-named one, and the ends of both are closed by the annular ring
or cover B³, leaving a size space
B; the inside of the internal
cylinder B is occupied by steam for the purpose of boiling the size in

page_text: the coiled copper pipe B" (the size entering the space B* at b). At B' is
shewn outlet pipe for size to sow box of sizing machine, the quantity
delivered being regulated by means of the tap C (shewn full size at
Fig. 7); this tap has an adjustable plug c within the ordinary plug c¹
worked by the hand wheel, spindle, and worm c² through the stuffing
box c", as shewn in the Drawings; the inner plug c being adjusted, the
tap being worked by the lever D, crank d from the wheel & gearing
with the wheel d² on the shaft d, motion being communicated to this
shaft from the side shaft E by the pullies and straps F. The lever D is
actuated by means of crank d (or an eccentric or cam motion, weight, or
spring may be employed) and opens the tap and admits the size to the
sow box; or instead of the tap C a reducing valve G (Fig. 8) may be
used, and the levers G', G, G³, working on the fulcrum g, the pressure
of steam on the valve raising the piston valve H to regulate the supply
both of steam and size; by means of the pressure acting upon the said
plug H it is raised and allows the size or other boiled liquor to escape;
the raising of the plug closes the reducing valve wholly or partially
according to the adjustment of the levers; then as the pressure decreases,
the plug again falls and opens the reducing valves. The weight C* on
the lever is for regulating the pressure at which a delivery of boiled
liquid or size ought to take place. Mercury and the levers above
described may be used by being placed in the plug as a weight, the heat
causing the mercury to rise into a cup placed above and connected with
the plug by means of a tube, or a piston or float may be used in the
place of a plug.
At Fig. 9 is shewn fan J for applying blast of air to the yarn for
the purpose of drying the yarn. K, K, are steam chests or cases;
L, L, L, and rollers over which the yarn (or pieces) is caused to pass
(line of yarn shewn by arrows) for the purpose of being exposed to the
action of the heat arising from the chests or cases and to the action of
the fan or fans.
Having thus fully described the nature and particulars of this my
said Invention, together with the manner in which the same is to
be or may be performed, I would have it distinctly understood that
I claim as my Invention and which I believe to be new within the
realm is,
Firstly. The means of and apparatus for raising the dasher herein
lescribed and shewn in the Drawings.

page_text: Secondly. The peculiar arrangement and construction of regulating
tap and the apparatus for actuating the same, and the use of the reducing
valve and apparatus connected therewith, as and for the purpose
described herein and shewn in the Drawings.
Thirdly. The fan and steam chests or boxes for drying the yarn
(or pieces) combined and arranged as described and shewn in the
Drawings.
Lastly. I claim the general arrangement and combination of the
several improved parts in connection with sizing machinery, as
described and illustrated in the Drawings, or any mere modification
of the same, acting in substantially the
the same or in a similar
manner.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Eastwood, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Third day of September One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-eight.
Witness,
THEOPHILUS DUGDALE,
Mechanical Draughtsman,
Blackburn.
JAMES EASTWOOD. (L.S.)