IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PUNCHING, CUTTING, AND PRESSING METALS AND OTHER MATERIALS."
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Richard Hollands, of No. 16, Charles
Street, Northampton Square, in the County of Middlesex, Machinist, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PUNCHING, CUTTING,
AND PRESSING METALS AND OTHER MATERIALS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Richard Hollands
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 27th October 1863.
I, EDWARD RICHARD HOLLANDS, of No. 16, Charles Street, Northampton
Square, in the County of Middlesex, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature
of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY POR PUNCHING, CUTTING, AND
PRESSING METALS AND OTHER MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for punching,
cutting, and pressing metals and other materials. For this purpose I employ
a frame carrying a stationary or bed die, and also a punch or forcer; the
punch or forcer is fitted into a suitable holder, which is able to move on the
frame towards and from the stationary or bed die; so far there is no novelty
in the arrangement, but my Invention consists in the means which I have
devised for forcing the holder with its punch or forcer towards the bed die, in

page_text: order to punch, cut, or press the metal or material; I form on the head or
further end of the punch or forcer holder an incline, and opposite to it I form
a similar incline on the frame of the machine. Between the two inclines is a
moveable frame carrying the axes of two rollers and the periphery of one of
the rollers rests on the one incline and that of the other on the other incline.
The axes of the rollers are held loosely, so that they can approach or recede from
each other. A wedge with inclines upon it equal and opposite to the inclines
before mentioned is entered between the rollers, and to cause the punch or
forcer holder to approach the bed die, the wedge is thrust inwards so as to
separate the rollers further the one from the other. The wedge as it enters
rollers bearing on the
causes the rollers to revolve the peripheries of the
opposite sides of the wedge, and and as the rollers turn they run along
the two inclines, viz, that on the tool holder and that on the frame. By the
combined actions of the wedge and the inclines the punch or forcer is forced
towards the stationary or bed die, and the action is obtained with little loss of
power in friction, as the moving parts do not rub but roll the one on the other;
thus there is rolling contact between the wedge and the two rollers, and also
between these latter and the two inclines.
It is not essential, although it is preferred, that a wedge and inclines as
above described should be used in conjunction, two parallel surfaces may be
substituted for the inclines, whilst the wedge remains as before, or the inclines
may be employed together with a straight strip or piece of uniform thickness,
which takes the place of the wedge. In working the machine the wedge may be
forced between the rollers by a lever or in other convenient manner. In some
case I give a positive motion to the frame, which carries the axes of the
rollers as well as to the wedge; this is conveniently done by two screws on
the same stem, the pitches of which are such as to move the wedge forward at
twice the speed with which the frame of the rollers is moved; this, as will be
seen, being the relation of the speeds of the parts which is proper to ensure
rolling, and avoid rubbing taking place between the moving parts.
'
"
If desired the roller frame may receive motion by a lever or otherwise, the
wedge being left free, and then as the rollers move forward the wedge will be
drawn in between them; or in this case the wedge may be omitted, the
peripheries of the rollers being allowed to come in contact the one with the
other; when however the power is applied to the roller frame there will be a
loss from the friction of the axes of the rollers in their bearings.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edward Richard Hollands in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 26th April 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
RICHARD HOLLANDS, of No. 16, Charles Street, Northampton Square, in the
County of Middlesex, Machinist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Edward Richard Hollands, Her special licence that I, the said Edward
Richard Hollands, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Edward Richard Hollands, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PUNCHING, CUTTING, AND PRESSING METALS
AND OTHER MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Edward Richard Hollands, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Richard Hollands, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for punching,
cutting, and pressing metals and other materials. For this purpose I employ
a frame carrying a stationary or bed die and also a punch or forcer; the punch
or forcer is fitted into a suitable holder, which is able to move on the frame
towards and from the stationary or bed die; so far there is no novelty in the
arrangement, but my Invention consists in the means which I have devised
for forcing the holder with its punch or forcer towards the bed die in order to
punch, cut, or press the metal or material. I form on the head or further end

page_text: of the punch or forcer holder an incline, and opposite to it I form a similar
incline on the frame of the machine. Between the two inclines is a moveable
frame carrying the axes of two rollers, and the periphery of one of the rollers
rests on the one incline and that of the other on the other incline. The axes
of the rollers are held loosely, so that they can approach or recede from each
other. A wedge with inclines upon it equal and opposite to the inclines
before mentioned is entered between the rollers, and to cause the punch or
forcer holder to approach the bed die the wedge is thrust inwards so as to
separate the rollers further the one from the other. The wedge as it enters
causes the rollers to revolve as the peripheries of the rollers bear on the
opposite sides of the wedge, and as the rollers turn they run along the two
inclines, viz., that on the tool holder and that on the frame. By the combined
actions of the wedge and inclines the punch or forcer is forced towards the
stationary or bed die, and the action is obtained with little loss of power in
friction, as the moving parts do not rub but roll the one on the other; thus
there is rolling contact between the wedge and the two rollers, and also
between these latter and the two inclines.
It is not essential, although it is preferred, that a wedge and inclines as
above described should be used in conjunction. Two parallel surfaces may be
substituted for the inclines, whilst the wedge remains as before; or the
inclines may be employed together with a straight strip or piece of uniform
thickness, which takes the place of the wedge. In working the machine the
wedge may be forced between the rollers by a lever, or in other convenient
manner. In some cases I give a positive motion to the frame which carries
the axes of the rollers as well as to the wedge; this is conveniently done by
two screws on the same stem, the pitches of which are such as to move the
wedge forward at twice the speed with which the frame of the rollers is
moved; this, as will be seen, being the relation of the speeds of the parts
which is proper to ensure rolling and avoid rubbing taking place between the
moving parts.
If desired the roller frame may receive motion by a lever or otherwise, the
wedge being left free, and then as the rollers move forward the wedge will be
drawn in between them; or in this case the wedge may be omitted, the
peripheries of the rollers being allowed to come in contact the one with the
other. When, however, the power is applied to the roller frame there will be
a loss from the friction of the axes of the rollers in their bearings.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to describe
more fully the manner of performing the same.

page_text: The Drawings hereunto annexed show various views of a machine suitable
for punching metals and other materials, constructed according to one of the
arrangements above described. From the description and Drawings of this
arrangement of machine any other of the various arrangements above described
could be readily constructed by a competent workman.
Figure 1 is a side view, partly in section, Figure 2 is an edge or front view,
and Figure 3 is a horizontal section taken through the line A, B, Figure 1.
In these Figures a is the frame carrying a stationary or bed die b and also
a punch c, which is carried by a holder d, capable of moving to or from the
bed die; on the top of the holder is an incline d', as is shown, and opposite to it
a similar incline a¹ is carried by the framing; the piece a¹ is of hardened steel,
and is let into the framing, as is shown. Between these two inclines a frame
is capable of moving; this frame is composed of two side plates e, e, (see
Figure 2); in these plates holes or slots are formed, in which the axes f', ƒ³,
of the rollers f,f, turn; these rollers are also of steel; holes are also formed
in the plates in which the ends of the cross bar g are received, and are capable
of turning. Between the two rollers is a wedge h of steel, the rear end of
which is connected by a swivel joint to the end of a rod i; the portion of the
rod nearest to the wedge has a screw thread ¹ cut upon it that works in a
female screw cut in the cross bar g of the moving frame e; the other end of
the rod i has a screw thread cut upon it, which works in a female screw cut
in a cross bar k, the ends of which are supported by two plates a' projecting
at right angles from the frame a, as is shown; the plates a² also serve to retain
the cross bar g of the frame e, in position, for this purpose the ends of the
cross bar project beyond the plates e, and on these projecting ends rollers are
placed, which work in slots a³, a³, in the plates a²; the ends of the cross bar g
being thus retained the frame e is held in its place and prevented from tilting
either upwards or downwards. The pitch of the screw thread is twice the
pitch of the screw thread ; thus when the screw rod i is turned the wedge h
is forced forwards (by means of the screw *) between the rollers f, f, and as
it enters between the rollers it causes them to revolve, and so to roll along the
inclines a¹ and d; the frame e is also at the same time caused to move
forwards by the screw i, but is only moved at half the speed of the wedge h.
As the frame moves forwards it is at the same time moved downwards towards
the stationary die, the slots a³, in which the rollers on the ends of the cross
g work are therefore made at an angle downwards, as is shown. In order
to withdraw the punch after it has been forced downwards the lower one of
bar

page_text: the two rollers f is as it is drawn back by the screw being turned in the
opposite direction caused to come against the end of a lever l, which turns on
a pin at ; the other end of the lever has a pin projecting from it which
enters a slot or hole in the punch holder d; it will thus be seen that as the
end of the lever against which the roller f comes is depressed the other end is
raised, and raises with it the punch holder d. In place of raising the punch in
the manner above described any other suitable arrangement of apparatus may
be employed for that purpose.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Richard Hollands, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
EDWARD RICHARD HOLLANDS. (L.S.)