IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RECTILINEAR WEB LOOMS
Year: 1874

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to Arthur Charles Henderson, of the Firm of A.
C. Henderson and Company, British and Foreign Patent Agents, of
No. 6, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
RECTILINEAR WEB LOOMS."-A communication from abroad by Madame
Auroy, née Julie Augustine Loiseleur Deslongchamps, residing in
the City of Paris, France.
ealed the 28th May 1875, and dated the 30th November 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arthur Charles Hen-
derson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 30th November 1874.
I, ARTHUR CHARLES HENDERSON, of the Firm of A. C. Henderson
, and Company, British and Foreign Patent Agents, of No. 6, South-
ampton Buildings, Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF RECTILINEAR WEB LOONS," a communication to me from

page_text: abroad by Madame Auroy, née Julie Augustine Loiseleur Deslongchamps,
a person resident in the City of Paris, France.
This Invention consists in various improvements in the construction
of rectilinear web looms, or small ware looms, whose object is to manu-
facture automatically and with greater rapidity better and finer tissues
than those made by existing looms, whether for the manufacture of
stockings, drawers, or whether generally for the manufacture of webs of
all dimensions and forms.
The accompanying Drawing is a vertical section of a loom embodying
my Invention, following its line of axis.
The improvements consist,―
First. In the mode of collecting or gathering the threads in more or
less numbers, and the formation of the mail differing in the division of
the gathering plates a², and forming plates a³, by means of a single
box a bearing all the plates. This box a, divided internally, guides the
side plates a¹ of the gathering plates a², and holds the articulated bar a'
suspended outside which receives the forming plates a³. The movements
of the plates a² and a³ are sometimes dependent and sometimes inde-
pendent of each other. The plates a² submit in descending to the action
of a jack moving on the bar b, and which is of a peculiar mechanism,
to admit of making the mail more or less slack, the other movements of
these plates are due to the combined effects of a movement of the box a
and of the lift a³, which draws the forming plates a³, that is to say,
which acts automatically on all the plates.
Secondly. In the conduction and pressing by means of the play of
the pressers a³, articulated with the plates a³, and all united by a common
mechanism combining these effects with those of the internal box a and
of the needle bar c.
Thirdly. In the swipes of the racks of the conductor bar d, and in
the addition of a conductor check d¹ with double swipe, whose object
is to displace the conductor by a needle at the end of all its courses.
Fourthly. In the novel disposition of a punch barf on which the car-
riage slides of the punch bearers f³, f³, f. The carriage f* has 9
needles, that f³ has 31, and that f, consists of five slide pieces, each
bearing two needles. The punch bearers and their mechanism combine
their effects with those of the motor organs, they are neutralized at deter-
mined times by self-acting means for the retreat and advance of the
punches f³.

page_text: Fifthly. In the combination of a regulator e with endless metallic
blades furnished with projections e¹ at suitable distances, and admitting
by a single mechanism of making all the desired variations necessitated
by the dimensions of the different working of the web whether for
stockings or otherwise.
Sixthly. In the combined effects of the punch bar with those of tho
regulator e, and of the government of the cams (whose axis is at B) of the
barf, and of the conductor bar admitting of the automatic manufacture
of the diminished part of a stocking without ever being compelled to
stop the loom whilst working.
Seventhly. In the gneral disposition of the loom whether it works by
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Arthur Charles Henderson in the Great Seal Patent.
Office on the 28th May 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ARTHUR
CHARLES HENDERSON, of the Firm of A. C. Henderson and Company,
British and Foreign Patent Agents, of No. 6, Southampton Buildings,
Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent bearing date the Thirtieth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Arthur Charles Henderson, Her
special licence that I, the said Arthur Charles Henderson, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Arthur
Charles Henderson, my exccutors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an

page_text: of these axes are capable of moving vertically in guides or slides on the
frame A of the loom. The bands a are furnished with grooves or
vertical divisions perfectly corresponding with the opposite faces. On
the upper edge of the anterior band a is fixed the cap bar a¹ covering
the entry of the grooves of this band and serving to regulate the height
of the gathering plates a³.
of the gathering plates a³.
The working parts of the box are,—
1st. The side plates a² working freely in the grooves of the box and
articulated at their lower end with the gathering plates a³.
2nd. The bar a² articulated with the auterior band a of the box. This
bar is furnished with a brass piece having grooves corresponding with
the projections of the divisions of the box. These grooves terminate in
hooks for receiving the forming plates as with their pressers a.
3rd. The spring box of the side plates a². The springs a² engage at
one of their extremities in the apertures of the bar a³ and pass in return
in the divisions of this bar to support the side plates a² and gathering
plates a³.
4th. The guide of the extremities of the plates. On the tio piece A'
of the frame is fixed the square bar a' furnished with a brass piece
divided double the divisions of the box. Each of these divisions receives
the lower end of one of the plates to serve as guide to it. The guard
piece a prevents these plates removing from the vertical.
The side plate box receives its movement from the cam X of the cam
shaft B. By aid of shafts and levers it draws along in its movement the
forming plates and the pressers a assembled there. The side plates a²
and the gathering plates receive motion from a part of the jack b¹ on the
one hand, and on the other from the cam X', which by the levers a¹¹
pivoting on the axis D raises the bar a lodged in the lower aperture of
the side plates a². The levers a" are at the rectangular piece a¹³ with
stop or projection placed at will in one of the three grooves or notches
of the roller p. All the pressers as are united in front of the plates by a
shaft a", common to all, moved by the cam Xe by aid of the levers.
Needle Bar. The needle bar c is placed immediately below the above
described mechanism. This bar c is furnished anteriorly with divisions
equal to those of the front band a. They rest in front on supports, and

page_text: in rear on their actuating levers c¹. On its upper surface are the
bearings c² of the needles c³. These bearings c² are maintained in
position by the plates c' covered with leather. In working, each needle
penetrates between two plates. The motors of the needle bar care,―
1st. The rests placed in front, and which in the advancing and
receding motion of the bar c are animated with a lifting or rising
movement by the passage of the bosses c³ on the supports.
2nd. The levers c' which give it the horizontal backward and forward
movement which they themselves receive from a lever mounted on the
shaft Factuated by the cam X³.
Jack Bar. The jack bar 6 placed in front of the loom is joined to the
frame, the screws 6" regulate its position. This bar receives the organs
of the jack, which are,―
1st. The slider b', which moves longitudinally by the alternate traction
of the chains bª.
2nd. A plate 6ª united by ties to the slider b³, which externally
receives the grapples 6', which move vertically in dovetail slides, and
always kept below by the action of the spring 6 so long as no mechanical
'action forces it to rise.
3rd. On the inner face of 68 are bands 6º, the play and effects of which
will be hereafter mentioned.
The slider b¹ bears a particular mechanism acting successively on the
side plates a² of the internal box. This mechanism consists of a sector S
with handle b' articulated to the axis 68. The sector is furnished with
unequal notches embracing a roller solid with a plate 6 sliding in front
of the slider. The handle 6' has an index, which can be liberated when
desired from the notches 6 for effecting the lowering of the plate 6°
constantly supported by the spring 6". The bar 6 also bears two stop
pieces 12, whose movable and spring surfaces are provided with india-
rubber to deaden the shock. The motors of the jack bar are the
wheels 6¹s placed at the side of the frame (Fig. 4), which act on the
jack by the chains be to impart to it the backward and forward move-
ment. The wheels are mounted on the shaft B of the cams, and the
garnitures of the extremities of the chains & are rendered alternately
solid with them by hooks pressed by the levers 6 of the shaft G. These
levers are actuated by the cam X' and back motion springs 61. 6" are

page_text: 1st. The grapples &* of the jack which encounter the projections &³ of
the conductors de drawing them along in their alternate horizontal
movement.
2nd. The rack pieces d³ which automatically limit the course of the
conductors. These pieces are moved with their racks by the tongue d³,
or click, the axis of which is attached to an abutment animated with a
horizontal backward and forward motion imparted by the cams ¹º, the
axis of which is actuated with a rotary intermittent motion by means of
the ratchet d, which receives motion from the shaft H and cam X³ by
transmission of levers. The fly wheel V serves to regulate the position
of the rack pieces as at starting.
In front of the conductors, and hooked in its hooks a shaft d¹s is
animated with a vertical backward and forward movement by the
cam X, which acts on the levers. d', d, are springs which bring back
this mechanism to the rear. The racks as bear in front the rockers do,
whose object is to draw back the conductor boxes a little when their
course is completed. In the middle of the bar is the heel piece d",
which serves to limit the course of the conductors from right to left
during the formation of the two parts of the heel of a stocking. This
piece is furnished with the rocker d, with double action acting
alternately on each conductor for producing the withdrawing action
equal to that produced at the other extremities of their course by the
rockers 16.
The motion of the mechanism described is as follows:-
1st. Action of the conductor and of the plates effecting the gathering
and forming. The loom being set in motion the conductor drawn by
the jack conducts the thread on the needles below the plate mouth, and

page_text: according as it is placed the gathering plates will gather the thread by
the effect of the passage of the slider of the jack. This gathering will be
more or less important according to the position of the sector. The
conductor having then reached the other end of the line of the needles
descends in traversing this line and stops. The thread then pressed
between the slide of the conductor and the spring which it traverses
spreads itself for regularly forming the selvedge. At this moment the
gathering plates remount a certain extent, and the forming plates as
well as the pressers drawn along by the internal descending motion
descend to stop at the same height as the gathering plates. The thread
is thus gathered one by one on all the needles.
2nd. Working of the needles and pressers, conducting, pressing, and
assembling. When the thread is gathered the needle bar recedes,
drawing the needles between the fixed plates leading the mouths of the
needles opposite the hooked stitches of the web already formed. The
pressers commence to descend. At this moment the interior and the
lift risc, drawing the plates with them to allow of the ends of the
pressers to pass in developing and without reaching them above the
hooked stitches to present themselves above the point of the needle hooks.
The whole of the plates and pressers then descend again, whilst the
needle bar rises. These two combined effects engage the points of the
hooks in the eyes of the needles and prepare them for penetrating the
hooked stitches, at the same time imprisoning the gathered thread under
the closed hooks. The needles and the pressers continually recede, the
hooks penetrate under the hooked stitches and are left free by the
ascension of the pressers.
•
3rd. Working of the needles and the plates, including taking down
the threads from the hooks and hooking. The assemblage of the
gathered threads and of the hooked stitches being completed the pressers
and plates remount and completely disengage the stitch, whilst the
needles withdraw sufficiently to complete the taking down of the hooked
stitch above the gathered thread. The plates then re-descend their
whole course and the new row made is hooked on the needles. At this
juncture the needles and plates are led to their point of departure for
the gathering.
New features of the preceding mechanism :—

page_text: like those of the loom and correspond with them. The carriage f¹ is
solid with a double rack, the teeth of which are equal to the needles of
the loom and which is governed by the action of the pawls f" and ƒ",
and the safety piece f³. The spring f neutralizes at will the effect of
the back motion pawl f" and the end of the course of the carriage f³.
The clicks and pawls f10 and f" can take two teeth of the rack or one
only or not any by advancing the lifts g. Motion is communicated in
the following manner :-The mute click and pawl shaft f¹ (Fig. 6)
bears the pinion f" which gears with f", the shaft of which f¹5 bears two
cams f¹ opposed to one another and of four bosses acting on the roller
supports of the clicks. One of these cams bears also two projections
which by a lever neutralize on f" by a movement given two of the bars
of the other cam. The shaft bears in its centre two cams and
four bosses f¹, and two long cams with two bosses f". The shaft f15
receives motion from the shaft f". A divider f ensures the exact
stoppages of the shaft. The needle bar receives motion of horizontal
translation from the cam X' by aid of the levers f18 returned back by
the springs f. An undulated piece f 20 solid with the axis P modifies
this motion of translation.
The action of this latter mechanism is as follows:—
Simultaneous Working of the Hooked Needles, the Plates, and
Straight Needles.-Regular Diminution.-When the operator wishes to
reduce the web he starts the regulator, which replaces the action of the
cams, in the ordinary work by the action of the reducing cams, at this
moment the needle bar f sets in motion as well as the upper part of the
interior of the loom and the needle bar c. The bar fadvances, then in
rising and falling engages the ends of the needles f in the eyes of the
corresponding needles c; these latter then recede accompanied by the
needles fand the stitches held in the plates rise on the needles f, tho
needles again recede in abandoning the stitch, then the plates remount a
and liberate the needles f. It is at this moment that the cam with four
bosses encountering the roller support of the corresponding click pushes
by one needle the carriage of the needle holders f, and consequently
their needles, which by a calculated operation return the stitches to the
new needles corresponding with them. Morcover, the racks of the a
conductor bar also advance a needle at each operation of the barf to
make the course of the conductors agree with the diminution effected.
In making a stocking, for instance, which necessitates unequal

page_text: diminutions, the bar ƒ admits of automatically producing this work as
here follows:-
―
Diminution Work of the Leg of a Stocking.-The nine needles to the
right of the barf work alone, the others are in rear and are neutralized.
The needles f take the stitches on the selvedge of the tissue to bring
them back two needles at a time. The effect of the recoiling click is
annulled, the advancing click is completely free, and the cam shaft of
the racks takes its complete course.
Diminution of the Heel.-The heel piece is placed on the conductor
bar; the left conductor is set in motion. After the completion of the two
regular parts of the heel the regulator is started and the advancing click
is free; the receding click is regulated to act only on one needle. The
bar advancing the needle carriage draws back a needle, the needles f
then take the stitches and carry them back two needles. This first
operation lets slip a needle and consequently taking in a stitch on.the
selvedge, at the second operation two stitches, and so on to the last
stitch of the heel.
Diminution of the Point. The point is made, 1st, by taking the
stitches in missing a needle, the needles of the column being in rear ;
2nd, by taking all the stitches in carrying them back one needle. This
operation completed there has been one needle missed only for taking
back two stitches.
In working the cap the recoil click is annulled, the needles of the
column instead of being lifted are completely withdrawn to the rear,
which prevents spoiling the needles.
Augmentation. The inverse effects of the organs mentioned above
will produce uniform augmentations.
Novel Characteristics of the Mechanism for Producing the Diminution
or Augmentation.-These improvements embrace, 1st, a novel disposition
of the bar f, the means of action, the automatic neutralizing of the
organs; 2nd, the combined effects of the bar with those of the regulator
and of a particular disposition of the government of the cams of the bar f
and conductor bar, for admitting of the automatic manufacture of the
diminished parts of a stocking without having recourse to stopping the
loom; 3rd, arrangement of a regulator to the endless blade, which by a
single mechanism admits of making all the desired variations.

page_text: Government of the Loom.-In front of the frame on the brackets J with
plumber blocks K of the double brace shaft K'; this shaft bears the cog
wheel K governing by the aid of K³, the wheel K' of the shaft B of the
These organs suffice for working by hand; the operator acting on
the double brace K¹. For government by mechanical power the
pulley L is actuated by the strap L of the pulley L³ of the governing
shaft L³.
cams.
In conclusion the right is reserved of constructing the looms of any
dimensions with one or more heads, and its employment for making all
kinds of web as well as the application of the improvements together or
singly to existing looms.
In witness whereof I, the said Arthur Charles Henderson, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of May, in
the year of our Lord One-thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.
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