IMPROVEMENTS IN BAKERS' OVENS
Year: 1859

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LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Eugène Drouot, Baker, of 2, Rue Ste.
Appoline, Paris, (Empire of France,) and of 45, Essex Street, Strand,
London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BAKERS' OVENS."
Sealed the 28th June 1859, and dated the 1st January 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left. by the said Joseph Eugène Drouot
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 1st January 1859.
I, JOSEPH EUGÈNE DROUOT, Baker, of 2, Rue Ste. Appoline, Paris, (Empire
of France,) and of 45, Essex Street, Strand, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BAKERS' OVENS," to be
as follows, and consists in fitting one or more series of boiler tubes in the
arches of the ordinary baking ovens. Those boiler tubes may be envelopped
with tubes made of refractory clay, and pipes may pass in their center, through
which the smoke or gas resulting from the combustion may escape. All these
pipes communicate with a small boiler placed horizontally in the upper part
of the oven; the products of combustion heat this boiler before they escape
into the chimney, and the whole is disposed so that the steam produced in the
boiler tubes goes in the boiler, from which it is taken for working the motive
power, heating water, or other useful purposes.
Moreover, as it may be necessary to have hot water or steam before the
oven is heated, a small furnace is placed inside or under the said boiler, so.
that it may be heated without heating the oven.
I propose also, by leaving the inside of the oven as it is generally, to
arrange above the arch a series of boiler tubes corresponding to the openings
for the escape of the steam or gas. Thus all the products resulting from the

page_text: combustion pass round and in the center of the said boiler tubes, and produce
the steam required. In this case, as in the before described, an additional
furnace may be provided for producing the steam required without the
necessity of heating the oven.
I propose also to dispose a furnace above the oven, so as to heat the said 5
oven with hot air. In this case I make use of the gas and the heat from the
combustion for heating the boiler tubes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Eugène Drouot in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 1st July 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
EUGÈNE DROUOT, Baker, of 2, Rue Ste. Appoline, Paris, (Empire of France,)
and of 45, Essex Street, Strand, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
mc, the said Joseph Eugène Drouot, Her special licence that I, the said
Joseph Eugène Drouot, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Joseph Eugène Drouot, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BAKERS' OVENS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Joseph Eugène Drouot, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
,same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Eugène Drouot, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say:-
This Invention consists in a mode of constructing bakers' ovens, by means

page_text: of which I can bake and produce at the same time the steam necessary for
working a motive power.
I obtain this result by fitting one or more series of boiler tubes in the
arches of the ordinary ovens. These boiler tubes may be envelopped with
bricks or tubes made of refractory clay, and pipes may pass in their center,
through which the smoke, gas, or hot air resulting from the combustion may
escape. These pipes communicate with a boiler placed transversely or longi-
tudinally in the upper part of the oven, and the products of combustion heat
this boiler before they escape into the chimney. The whole is disposed so
that the steam produced in the boiler tubes goes in the boiler, from which it
may be taken for working the motive power, heating water, or any other
purposes.
Moreover, as it may be desired to have hot water or steam before heating
the oven, a furnace is placed inside or under the said boiler, so that it may be
heated without heating the oven.
A cock is placed at the communication of each tube with the boiler, so that
in case of accident it will suffice to turn it to shut off all communication
between one and the other. At the same time another cock should be opened
for the eduction of the water contained in the tube. If required, the boiler
tubes might be furnished with a safety valve.
I propose also, by living the inside of the oven as it is generally, to
arrange under the arch a series of boiler tubes, corresponding to the opening
for the escape of the steam or gas. Thus, all the products resulting from the
combustion pass round or in the center of these tubes, and produce the steam
required. In this case, as in the before described, an additional furnace may
be provided for producing the steam without heating the oven.
The main point of my Invention being the application to the bakers' ovens
of boiler tubes or boilers, heated either by the ovens or by means of an
additional furnace for producing the steam required to work a motive power
or other purposes.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Eugène Drouot, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
J. EUG. DROUOT. (L.S.)