Im- PROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Sabberton, of 98, Great Portland Street,
a
in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING RAILWAY
CARRIAGES."
Scaled the 13th December 1872, and dated the 8th August 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Sabberton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 8th August 1872.
I, JAMES SABBERTON, of 98, Great Portland Strect, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING RAILWAY
CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the ventilation of carriages by with-
drawing and expelling foul air from the carriage in such a manner as to
dispense with the need of opening the windows, as at present required,
while the train is in motion. For this purpose my Invention consists in
adapting and applying to the roof of the carriage an oval base or cover
for the opening in which the lamp is fitted, over the top of which cover
is fitted a flue turning on a pivot on a central stem or bracket, within

page_text: which flue is mounted an arch carrying four blades, with an outer ring
surmounted by an open cap, with leaves arranged at such angles as to
preclude all ingress to the interior of the apparatus. The said cap and
arch are fitted on a spindle, which is mounted so as to revolve freely and
noiselessly, and when the cap is acted upon by the pressure of the air
against the said leaves, while the carriage is in motion, the cap is caused
to revolve rapidly. By this revolution of the cap a rapid upward current
of air is produced, by means of which the foul air is drawn from the
carriage and emitted through the spaces between the leaves of the cap.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, 1
filed by the said James Sabberton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 7th February 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
SABBERTON, of 98, Great Portland Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, send greeting.
;
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said James Sabberton, Her special licence
that I, the said James Sabberton, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as. I, the said James Sabberton, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS
OF AND APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING RAILWAY CARRIAGES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said James Sabberton, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Sabberton, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to
say) :—
My Invention of "Improvements in the Means of and Apparatus for
Ventilating Railway Carriages," has for its object the ventilation of
carriages by withdrawing and expelling foul air from the carriage in
such a manner as to dispense with the need of opening the windows, as
at present required, while the train is in motion. For this purpose my
Invention consists in adapting and applying to the roof of the carriage
an oval or circular base or cover for the opening in which the lamp is
fitted, and over the top of which cover is fitted a flue turning on a pivot
on a central stem or bracket, within which fluc is mounted an arch
carrying four or more blades, with an outer ring surmounted by an open
cap, with leaves arranged at such angles as to preclude all ingress to
the interior of the apparatus. The said cap and arch are fitted on a
spindle, which is mounted so as to revolve freely and noiselessly, and
when the cap is acted upon by the pressure of the external atmosphere
against the said leaves while the carriage is in motion the cap is caused
to revolve rapidly. By this revolution of the cap a rapid upward
current of air is produced, by means of which the foul air is drawn
from the carriage and emitted through the spaces between the leaves of
the cap.
Having thus stated the nature of the said Invention, I will proceed to
describe more particularly in what manner the same is to be performed
by the aid of the accompanying Drawings, in which are represented
two different forms of the ventilating apparatus adapted for application
to different parts of the roof of a railway carriage.

page_text: (full size) the central spindle, with the mode in which it is mounted, so
as to be capable of turning freely and noiselessly, as required; Fig. 7 is
a vertical section of a ventilating apparatus adapted for application to
other parts of the roof of a railway carriage. In these several Figures
the same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.
A is the oval base or cover for the aperture in the roof of the carriage.
This base or cover is made oval and conical in order to adapt it for
receiving the air from the interior of the carriage and directing it
towards the central and revolving parts of the apparatus. B is a
revolving flue fitted on the vertical spindle or pivot C, which is mounted,
as shewn in Fig. 6, so as to admit of its turning freely and noiselessly,
as required, when set in rapid motion. The arch D of the revolving
fluc B carrics four or more revolving blades E, E, of a suitable form to
act on the air and produce an upward current therein. The vertical.
spindle C is formed with a pointed end, which turns in a cavity or socket
in the bottom of a tube fixed to the bracket F, in which tube is main-
tained a constant supply of oil from the reservoir G, the oil passing into
the tube through apertures formed therein at 9, g, thereby keeping the
pointed end of the spindle always well lubricated. The revolving flue B
is surmounted by an open cap H, with leaves arranged at such angles as
to preclude all ingress to the interior of the apparatus, while at the same
time allowing the expulsion and exit of foul air therefrom. This cap II
and revolving flue B being thus connected are capable of revolving
together on the spindle C.
From the foregoing arrangement of the parts it will be readily under-
stood that as the carriage proceeds along a line of railway the pressure
of the external atmosphere against the leaves of the cap H will cause the
cap to revolve rapidly, carrying with it the revolving flue B, with its
blades E, E, which will thus be caused to act on the air within the
apparatus, and to produce therein an upward current sufficient to expel
the foul air from the interior of the apparatus through the spaces
between the leaves of the cap H.
In case it should be found desirable to close the apparatus a circular
plate I is suspended by means of a cord K passing over a pulley L
within the apparatus and over another pulley M fitted outside the same,
by pulling which cord downwards a passenger in the carriage will be
enabled to draw the plate I upwards and close the opening between the

page_text: oval base A and the apparatus over it. The internal arrangement for
this purpose is shown at Fig. 2 and the external at Fig 3.
In Fig. 3 is also shewn the pivot or centre N, on which the part of the
apparatus above the oval base turns in order to afford the required access
to the chamber or space within the oval base for inserting the lamp. O
is the handle for opening the apparatus, and P is the catch for keeping it
closed, as required.
The apparatus shewn at Fig. 7 is smaller than that above described,
and is intended to be applied to any convenient part of the roof of a
carriage. The general arrangement of its parts will be evident from the
letters of reference corresponding with those in Fig. 2. It will be
observed however that the whole arrangement of the cord and pulley for
raising and lowering the closing plate I is within the apparatus, there
being no obstruction to the cord passing down the centre, as shown. Q
is a screen of perforated metal or wire gauze inserted at the lower part of
the base A.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I hereby declare that what I claim
as of my said Invention is, the adaptation and application to the roofs of
railway carriages of apparatus for expelling foul air therefrom by means
of revolving blades driven in the manner described by the pressure of the
external atmosphere, and revolving on a vertical spindle fitted so as to
turn freely and noiselessly, as herein-before described.
•
In witness whereof, I, the said James Sabberton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Sixth day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
Witness,
WILLIAM SPENCE,
8, Quality Court,
Chancery Lanc.
JAMES SABBERTON. (L.s.)