Improvements in Filtering Apparatus.
Year: 1889

page_text: This Print is in accordance with the Original Specification as it stands after
Amendment (under Section 18 of the Patents, &c. Act, 1883) as allowed by
the decision of the Comptroller General of the 9th day of September 1898.
Date of Application, 11th June, 1889-Accepted, 28th Sept., 1889
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (AMENDED).
Improvements in Filtering Apparatus.
We, CHESTER BIRGE DAVIS, of No. 3706, Ellis Avenue, in the City of Chicago,
County of Cook, and State of Illinois, one of the United States of America.
Hydraulic Engineer, and EDWARD HENRY RIDDELL, of No. 258, Kemper Lane, in
the City of Cincinnati, County of Hamilton, and State of Ohio, one of the United
States of America, Hydraulic Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Our invention relates to filtering apparatus and more particularly to that class
of filtering apparatus, which is adapted to the filtration of large quantities of water
by passing the same under pressure through a bed of suitable filtering material
contained within a closed tank, its object being to provide means for thoroughly
washing the filter bed. without removing the same from the tank and with a
minimum expenditure of time and water, and to these ends our invention consists
in certain novel features which we will now proceed to describe.
In the accompanying drawings
Figure 1 is an elevation, partly in section of an apparatus embodying our
invention in one form;
Figure 2, a plan section of the same, taken on the line 1, 1, of Figure 1;
Figure 3, a detail sectional view, taken on the line 2, 2, of Figure 2;
Figure 4, a similar view, taken on the line 3, 3, of Figure 2;
Figure 5, a detail elevation of the slotted tube or cage, detached;
Figure 6, a plan section of the same, taken on the line 4, 4, of Figure 5;
Figure 7, an elevation, partly in section, of the upper portion of the actuating,
mechanism;
Figure 8, a sectional view, taken on the line 5, 5, of Figure 7;
Figure 9, a detail sectional view, showing the lazy tongs;
Figure 10, a sectional view, taken on line 6, 6, of Figure 7;
Figure 11, a detail elevation, partly in section, of the controlling-valve,
detached;
Figure 12, a plan section of the same, taken on the line 7, 7, of Figure 11;
Figure 13, an elevation, partly in section, of the auxiliary valve, detached;
Figure 14, a plan view, showing the arrangement of the pure water collector in
a filter of large size;
Figure 15, an elevation, partly in section, of the controlling mechanism;
Figure 16, an elevation, showing the connection between the upper end of the
safety valve stem and the lower end of the piston-rod of its operating piston;
Figure 17, a sectional view of the same, taken on the line 8, 8. of Figure 16;
Figure 18, a detailed sectional view of the distributor hub, detached;

page_text: Eigure 19, an elevation, partly in section, of an apparatus embodying our
invention in a modified form;
Figure 20, a plan view of the same;
Figure 21, an enlarged detail elevation of a portion of the mechanism shown in
Figure 19;
Figure 22, a detail sectional view of the upper portion of the mechanism
shown in Figure 21:
Figure 23, a detail sectional view of the distributor hub, detached;
Figure 24, a sectional view, partly in section, of a structure embodying our
invention in another modified form;
Figure 25, a plan section, taken on the line 9, 9, of Figure 24;
Figure 26, a detail sectional view, taken on the line 10, 10, of Figure 24;
Figure 27, a sectional view, illustrating a modification of the structure shown in
Figure 24;
Figure 28, a front elevation of a modified form of the apparatus shown in
Figure 24;
Figure 29, a side elevation of the same;
Figure 30, a detail plan view of the same; and
Figure 31, a detail view of a portion of the collector:
In Figures 1 to 18 of the drawings, inclusive,, in which we have shown a construc-
tion. embodying our invention in one form, A represents the tank of a filtering
apparatus, which is a closed tank of any suitable construction. This tank is filled
about two-thirds. full, more or less, with sand, gravel, or other suitable filtering
material. At the bottom of the tank is a pure water collector, by means of which
the water, after it has been filtered, is collected and conducted to the discharge
pipe B. In the form of collector shown in Figure 2, which is one adapted to a
filter of moderate size,, the collecting pipe C, is approximately circular, and com-
municates directly with the discharge pipe B. and is provided with strainers 1),
constructed in detail in the manner shown in Figures 3 to 6 inclusive. The body
of each strainer is composed of a slotted tube or cage, consisting of a base d, and
end piece d',.connected by longitudinal bars . The base d is threaded either
externally, as shown in Figure 3, to screw directly into the collecting. pipe C, or
internally, as shown in Figure 4 in which latter case it is connected to the collecting
pipe C by a suitably threaded nipple c, which screws at one end into said base and
at the other end into the collecting pipe. D¹ represents a coiled spring enclosing
that portion of the tube or cage which is composed of the bars and having one of
its ends secured to the base d, while its other end. is secured to a sleeve or collar D²,
mounted on the end piece d¹ and free to slide thereon. D³ represents a cap, which
bears upon the sleeve or collar. 12; and, which. may be adjusted to adjust the said
sleeve or collar by means of a screw d³, passing through. said cap and screwing into
a suitably threaded aperture in the end piece : The collar D2 is provided with a
set screw d', by means of which it may be clamped to the end piece after adjust-
ment. It will be seen that by adjusting the collar or sleeve D2, through the medium
of the cup, the coils of the spiral spring I may be brought closer to or farther
from each other, and thereby correspondingly decrease or increase the size of the.
passage through which the water has to pass in order to enter the interior of the
strainer. It will be observed that this contraction or expansion is obtained. by direct
compressing action and not by tortional action upon the spring, so that the increase
or diminution in the size of the passage between the convolutions of the spring is
equal throughout its length.
E represents the supply pipe, which is extended under the tank to the centre
thereof, where it is connected to the inlet pipe E¹, which extends centrally inward
within the filter tank to a point somewhat above the top of the filter bed. In the
present instance, the supply pipe is shown arranged just below the discharge pipe B
and is connected with the same by a short branch pipe E, provided with a valve e³,
by means of which communication between, the two pipes may be opened or closed
as desired.

page_text: The discharge pipe B is provided with a valve b, at a point beyond the con-
nection with the branch pipe E2, and the supply pipe E is provided with a valve e,
located between the filter tank and the junction of the supply pipe with the branch
pipe E. The inlet pipe El is provided with a rib or spline e¹, which is wound
spirally around the said pipe from top to bottom, as shown in Figure 1. This inlet
pipe is, of course, open at its upper end, so as to deliver water into the tank, in the
manner hereinafter described.
Frepresents a cylinder mounted upon the top of the tank at the centre thereof
and communicating therewith through a suitable stuffing box f, at its lower end,
the upper end of the said cylinder being closed. F1 represents a piston arranged
within said cylinder and provided with a hollow stem f¹, which passes through the
stuffing box f and extends downward into the tank A, said hollow stem being of
sufficient internal diameter to pass freely over the inlet pipe E and at the same
time leave a space between the said pipe and stem for the passage of water. This
stem is open at its lower end, and there is mounted thereon a hollow hub G, con-
nected thereto, so that it will be carried up and down by the movement of said stem,
but is free to rotate around the same. This hub is provided with a spiral groove g
which is adapted to receive the spiral rib el on the inlet pipe E¹ A series of
hollow arms H, perforated on their under side, extend out radially from said hub,
with the interior of which they communicate through the apertures h, in the side of
the latter, as shown.
Now, it is evident that if the piston F, with its stem f', is moved up and down,
it will force the radial distributor up and down within the tank, and at the same
time the distributor will be caused to revolve by reason of the engagement of the
spiral groove on its hub with the spiral rib on the inlet pipe. The mechanism
by means of which this vertical movement is obtained as follows: F³ represents
a pipe by means of which water under pressure is supplied to the hydraulic
cylinder F. This pipe opens into the side of a valve-casing I, through a port i,
and on the opposite side of said valve-casing are provided ports and, com-
municating respectively with pipes I, and I³, the former of which leads to the
bottom of the hydraulic cylinder and the latter to the top thereof. At one end of
the valve-casing I is a port, which communicates with a waste pipe I³, by means
of which the exhaust water may be discharged from the apparatus. Within the
valve-casing I is a slide valve J, having a passage j, therein through its centre
from end to end. This valve may thus be said to be annular in form, and within
its annular body is formed a circular passage J¹, passing entirely around the same.
At a point opposite the port i of the valve-casing there is formed in this valve
an elongated port j, by means of which communication is maintained between the
port and the passage j. At the opposite side the valve J is provided with ports
and, by means of which communication may be established between the ports i
and and the passage J respectively, according to the position of the valve.
indicates a stem attached to the valve J and passing through the end of the
valve-casing I into a cylinder J3, its end within said cylinder being provided with a
piston J, fitting the said cylinder. Jo indicates a valve chamber arranged adjacent
to the cylinder J³ and communicating therewith by ports, and j, at each end.
J6 indicates a valve fitting within the valve chamber J³ and provided with a groove
or passage, passing around its body externally and within a central waste
passage, formed through its body longitudinally. J' indicates a branch pipe
leading from the pipe F to the valve chamber J³ and opening into the same to a
suitable port by which it communicates with the passage 7. A waste passage ³,
forms a communication between the end of the valve chamber J³ and the valve
casing I. JB indicates a stem connected to the valve J6, by means of which said
valve is operated through the mechanism hereinafter described.
Upon the upper portion of the cylinder there is formed a chamber f, through
which extends from front to rear a shaft K, the front end of which projects outward
beyond said chamber, passing through a stuffing box k, at the point where it emerges
from the same. Upon the projecting portion of this shaft there is secured an
arm K', which is bent outward and downward, as shown, its lower end being

page_text: shaped to form a pointer ¹, to act in conjunction with a scale F3, mounted on the
front end of the cylinder F and over the graduated arc of which the said pointer
travels. In front of the arm J¹ there is mounted loosely upon the shaft K a second
arm K, the end of which is suitably connected to the valve stem J8, towards which
the said arm extends laterally, a suitable counterpoise, being provided at the
other end of said arm to balance the same. From the
ка
arm
at the point where it is mounted on the shaft, projections K³, ex-
tend diagonally downward at an angle of about forty-five degrees to
each other, so as to embrace between them the arm K', and are provided with
regulating screws 3, with which said arm comes in contact at the limits of its
motion in one direction or the other. The shaft K is rocked from the piston F1
through the medium of lazy tongs L, which, when closed, occupy the space between
the chamber f, the upper member thereof being secured to the shaft K, while the
lower member is secured to the piston Ft. The tank A is provided in its upper
side with an outlet aperture a closed by a valve A, provided with a stem a', and
enclosed in a casing A, a spring a² acting upon the said valve to hold it normally
downward on its seat, so as to close the aperture a. A indicates an overflow pipe
leading from the casing A to any suitable point of discharge. The valve stem a¹
is continued upward through the top of the casing A2, and is there connected to the
piston rod m of a piston M, enclosed within a cylinder M¹. The connection between
the piston rod and valve stem is effected in the manner shown in detail in
Figures 16 and 17, the said rod being provided with a slotted extension m', into
which the upper end of the valve stem a¹ extends, and within which it is provided with
a transverse pin a³, so that the connection between said valve stem and said piston
rod is a yielding one, whereby the valve A is permitted to yield upward inde-
pendently of the piston, but will be carried up positively when the piston is moved
upward. The piston M is operated by means of a pipe N, which is connected to
the supply pipe F, through which the water under pressure is conducted to the
hydraulic operating mechanism. This pipe N is provided with a three-way valve n,
from which a branch pipe N1, leads to the waste pipe I³. The valve is operated
by a cord ¹, connected to the valve arm n³, said cord passing over suitable pulleys
and being conducted to the point from which it is desired to operate the mechanism.
N indicates a counterpoise weight, connected by a cord ³ to the valve arm n³,
which latter is provided with an arc n', upon which said cord may bear to prevent
shifting of the position of the counterpoise weight. The waste pipe 13 is provided,
at a point above its junction with the pipe N¹, with a valve O, the arm o, of which is
connected by a link o¹, to one end of the lever O¹, the other end of which is
connected to the upward prolongation of the piston rod m.
In Figure 14 of the drawings, we have shown a modified form of.]
pure water
collector adapted for use in filters of large dimensions. In this construction the
discharge pipe B is connected to a central annular hollow casting C, from which
pipes c, radiate outward, the strainers 1) being connected to said radial pipes and
likewise directly to the casting C¹ in such a manner as to cover the entire bottom of
the filter. The casting C¹ is made annular in form in order that the inlet pipe E¹
may extend centrally upward through the same in the manner shown.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows: When the ordinary operation of
filtering is going on, the water enters through the supply pipe E, and passing up
through the inlet pipe E, enters the hollow stem for its hub G, according to the
position of the parts, passing thence into the radial arms H, through the perfora-
tions of which it is forced outward into the filter tank. It then passes down
through the filtering material in said tank, and is collected at the bottom thereof,
entering the collector through the strainers D, these latter being so adjusted as
to prevent the sand other filtering material from passing through
along with the filtered
or
water. From the collector the filtered water
to any desired point
is carried off through the discharge pipe B
where it is to be used. When it is desired to wash the filter bed, the hub G, along
with the radial arms H is forced downward through the filtering material by the
mechanism provided for that purpose, and during this downward movement the

page_text: its move-
water will be forced out through the perforations of said arms and will stir up and
thoroughly agitate the filtering material, at the same time thoroughly washing the
same and cleansing it of impurities. During this downward movement the said
arms rotate around the inlet pipe as a centre, owing to the engagement of the
spiral rib on said inlet pipe with the corresponding groove in the hub, and this
rotary motion not only greatly increases the cleansing action of the water by more
thoroughly stirring up the filtering material, but it also causes the same to operate
upon all portions of the filtering bed in turn, so that the efficiency of the washing is
greatly increased. If desired the entire bed may be washed at once, the distributor
passing downward and upward through the same as often as is necessary,
ment being automatically reversed at the end of its travel in each direction in
the manner hereinafter described. We also contemplate, however, so using the
device that when the upper portion of the filter bed becomes impure the distributor
shall be forced downward sufficiently far to pass below this impure portion and
be there stopped until further downward movement is necessary. The filter bed
may thus be gradually used from top to bottom and then washed in the manner
herein before described. During the operation of washing, the valve 6 is closed,
and the dirty water passes off along with the impurities through the opening a.
If necessary the valve e may be opened and the water forced in a reverse direction
through the discharge pipe B and through the collector, passing out through the
strainers and then up through the filter bed, thus not only cleansing out the
collector and strainers, but also aiding materially in the cleansing of the filter bed.
During this operation, the valve e may be either closed or partially or wholly
opened, as desired, or, in other words, the washing may be done entirely through
the distributor which, in any case, does the greater portion of the work, or partly
through the distributor and partly through the collector and, in this latter case,
either simultaneously or successively.
'
The mechanism for actuating the distributor operates in the following manner.
Let it be supposed that the parts are in the position shown in Figure 15 of the
drawings, in which position they are. stationary. A pull upon the cord n¹ will
move the arm n³ upward, and thereby open the valve n, thus allowing the, water
under pressure to pass from the pipe F2 through the pipe N into the cylinder M¹.
This will cause the piston M in said cylinder to move upward,. thereby
the outlet aper-
lifting the valve A¹ from its seat and thus open
ture a. At the same time this upward motion of the piston M opens the
valve O through the medium of the levers 01 and o and the link o¹. The valve O
being thus opened, the water on the upper side of the piston F¹ is permitted to
escape, passing through the pipe I into the valve casing I and through the
passage in the valve J, by means of which it reaches the port 23 and passes out
through the waste pipe. Water under pressure at the same time enters through
the pipe F, and, passing through the ports i, j, enters the passage J in the
valve J, passing thence through the ports and into the pipe 1. By this latter
pipe it is conducted to the lower end of the cylinder, and acting upon the piston Fl
therein, imparts an upward motion to the same.
Now, it will be observed that the piston F¹ is connected to the shaft K by means
of the lazy tongs L, and, as the piston moves in the cylinder, each member of the
lazy tongs will assume an inclined position, corresponding in its angle to the
position which the piston occupies within the cylinder, being nearly horizontal when
the piston is at the top of the cylinder and approaching more nearly to the vertical
as the distance of the piston from the top of the cylinder increases. The upper
member of the lazy tongs L being secured to the shaft K, will rock said shaft
either in one direction or the other as the piston F1 moves up or down, and will
cause a corresponding vibration of the arm K which is attached to the projecting
front end of said shaft, which vibration will be made evident by the travel of the
pointer ¹ of said arm over the graduated arc F3. The arm. K is so mounted on
the shaft K that when the piston F1 is at the upper limit of its motion the
pointer will be at one end of the graduated arc F³, and at the other end of said

page_text: are when the piston is at the lower limit of its motion, the ends of said arc being
properly marked and the intervening space graduated so that the pointer ¹ will
always indicate the exact position of the piston F within the cylinder F.
Returning now to the upward motion of the piston F1 previously described, as
the said piston reaches the upward limit of its motion, the shaft K is so turned
that the arm K¹ thereon strikes against one of the projections K³ on the arm K²,
or, more properly speaking, against the adjusting screw of said projection.
The arm continuing to move a short distance, the arm K is vibrated, and
thereby, through its connection with the valve stem J8 moves the valve J" over
to the other end of the valve chamber J. The water then passes through the
pipe J into the groove 7, around the valve J, and through the port, into
the cylinder J. Its pressure is there exerted upon the piston J so as to move the
valve J up into such a position as to bring the port opposite the port ', and
at the same time bring the port into direct communication with the interior
of the valve-casing I. During the motion of the piston J the waste or dead
water escapes through the port 6 into the valve chamber J5 and thence through
the port into the valve casing I. This change in the position of the valve J
causes the water under pressure to pass into the pipe I and thence to the top of
the cylinder F, whereby the piston "T" is forced downward, the water below said
piston passing out through the pipe I and thence through the valve-casing to
the waste pipe 13. The dead water from the valve chamber J passes out through
the passage in the valve J to the said waste pipe. The downward motion thus
imparted to the piston F¹ continues until this latter has reached the lower limit
of its motion, just previous to which time the arm K' strikes the other projection K³
of the arm K2, and, actuating said arm K², so moves it as to turn the parts to the
position, shown, just as the piston reaches the lower limits of its motion.
will be at once seen that this reciprocating motion thus imparted to the piston F¹
may be continued indefinitely as long as the valve 0 is held open, the distributor
being carried thereby up and down through the filter bed to wash the same while
the wash water will escape through the opening a valve chamber A2 and waste
pipe A³.
This motion of the piston may be arrested at any time by releasing
the cord n, when the counter weight N will return the arm n to the position
shown in the drawings, thereby so turning the three-way valve n as to close the
communication between the pipe F8 and the cylinder M and open the communi-
cation between said cylinder and the pipe N'. The water in the cylinder M' then
escapes through the pipe N to the waste pipe Is, allowing the piston M to fall
and simultaneously close the valves A and O, thereby arresting the movement of
the piston F and closing the outlet a. The valve A also operates as a safety-
valve in case of any excess of pressure in the tank from any cause, as it will be
seen that the said valve may yield upward independently of the piston M, owing
to the loose connection between its stem and the piston rod. The spring a² serves,
of course, to hold the valve A¹ normally to its seat and to return the same thereto
after the pressure has fallen sufficiently.
It
In Figures 19 to 23 of the drawings, inclusive, we have shown an apparatus
in which our invention is embodied in a modified form. In this apparatus the
tank A is of a considerably greater size and the supply pipe E communicates with
four inlet pipes E', each provided with an undulating rib e'. We prefer to em-
ploy an undulating rib in large tanks of this description, for the reason that stay
rods a³, are employed to brace the tanks, which would interfere with a rotary
movement of the distributors, but which will permit the oscillating movement
imparted to them by the undulating rib. It will be understood, of course, that
the hub G of each distributor will be provided with a groove g, shaped as shown in
Figure 23, to co-operate with the undulating rib e to impart the oscillating
movement to the distributors. Stationary wash pipes 13, are located in those
portions of the tank not directly operated upon by the distributors to act upon
the remoter portions of the bed and cleanse the same during the washing operations,
these stationary pipes being suitably connected to the supply pipe E. The dis-

page_text: charge pipe 18 arranged underneath, the tank, as shown, and a series of circular
connecting pipes C, also arranged underneath the tank, have their ends connected
to the pipe B. Smaller pipes c, extend upward from the collector O through the
bottom of the tank and are provided, at their upper ends within the tank, with
suitable straining cups C, filled with shot, or other suitable material. Each
distributor, consisting, as hereinbefore described, of the radial arms H and hub G,
is attached to the lower end of a cylinder P, of sufficient dimensions to pass freely
over the inlet pipe E. The cylinders P are connected in pairs to transverse
beams P, to which their upper ends are pivoted and these beams P' are operated
by hydraulic cylinders F, mounted on the sides of the filter tank, two of these
cylinders being employed for each beam and having their piston rods f³ pivoted
to the respective ends thereof.
The pressure-supply pipe F branches, as shown in Figure 20, and there are
provided duplicate valve-casing and valves IJ, similar to that previously des-
cribed. Each pipe. I leads from its valve-casing I to a three-way cock I, from
which, branch pipes Is lead to the lower ends of the corresponding cylinders F.
Each pipe I leads to a similar three-way cock I, from which, branch pipes I'
lead to the tops of the said cylinders. The cock I is provided with an arm is, by
means of which it may be turned, and the cock I is provided with a similar arm i6,
by means of which it may be operated, the two arms being connected by a rod i³,
so that the two cocks may be turned simultaneously. Q represents a hollow
shaft, having its lower end mounted in a suitable fixed bearing, the said shaft
extending vertically upward therefrom parallel with the cylinder P and having
its upper bearings in bracket-arms P; attached to the upper end of the cylinder
and free to slide up and down on said shaft. It will be understood, of course,
that four of these shafts, together with their associated mechanism, are employed
in the construction shown, one adjacent to each cylinder, but since the construction
is the same in each case, we will only describe one in detail. Between the bracket-
arms P, there is mounted on the shaft Q, a crank-arm Q', provided with a spline q',
which fits a longitudinal groove q; in the shaft Q. Q2 represents a shaft mounted
in a bracket p, projecting from the top of the cylinder P, said shaft being pro-
vided at one end with a slotted arm Q3, through the slot of which a pin p³, on the
beam P. projects. At its other end the shaft Q is provided with a crank-arm Q
which is connected by a link g³, to the crank-arm Q. "At its lower end the shaft Q
is provided with an arm Q5, which is pivoted to the connecting rod which
operates the cocks I* and I.
As hereinbefore stated, the shaft Q is hollow and there is arranged within the
same a rod R, which is connected at its lower end to a bell-crank lever R¹, to
which the end of the valve stem J8 of the auxiliary valve is pivoted. The upper
end of said rod projects above the shaft Q and bracket-arme 18 and is provided
at said point with an adjustable collar r, secured by a set-screw rl, or other
suitable means. Near its lower end the rod R is provided with a transverse pin,
which projects outward through slots ; in the shaft Q, so that the ends of said
pin are in the path of the bracket arms 1* and will be struck by the lower one
of said arms in, its descent.
Now it will be seen that when the mechanism for raising and lowering the
distributors is in operation, the bracket-arms P will at the limtis of their motion
strike the collar and pin respectively and thereby move the rod R up and
down as the case may be, thereby shifting the auxiliary valve through the medium
of the bell-crank lever R' which connects the said rod to the valve stem .J8, and
thus so changing the position of the main valve in the manner hereinbefore des-
cribed as to alter the direction of the travel of the distributors. In case the two
cylinders P, which are connected to each beam P¹, do not travel at the same rate of
speed, the said beam will tilt or assume a position at an angle to the horizontal
position which it should properly retain. Whenever this occurs, the shaft Q² is
rocked or tilted by reason of the engagement of the pin pon the beam with its
slotted arm Q and the arm Qon saidi shaft,, through the medium of the link yª

page_text: and crank-arm Q', will rotate the shaft Q in a corresponding direction. This
rotation of the shaft. Q will, through the medium of the arm Q³ and connecting
rod, turn the cocks I and I in such a manner as to decrease the supply of
water to the cylinder F, which is operating too rapidly and increase the supply
to the other cylinder F which is operating too slowly, and this will continue until
the beam P is again horizontal, when the supply to the two cylinders F will be
equal. It will thus be seen that the mechanism described will so regulate the
flow of water to the two cylinders as to always maintain the beam 1" in a
horizontal position, and cause the cylinders 1', which are connected thereto to
advance evenly and at an equal rate of speed.
In Figures 24 to 34, inclusive, of the drawings, we have shown another modified
form of apparatus embodying our invention in a much simpler form. In this
construction the inlet pipe E, as shown in Figure 24, is not provided with any
rib and the distributor therefore does not rotate, but is simply reciprocated verti-
cally. The pure water collector is arranged within the tank, as shown and consists
of a radial discharge pipe B and circular collecting pipes C. These latter are
perforated and wrapped first with wire, then with wire gauze or netting and then
again with wire, as shown in Figure 31, to act as strainers.
In Figure 24 a modified form of hydraulic mechanism for raising and lowering
the distributor is shown. In this construction S represents the pressure-supply
pipe, which is provided with a supplementary pipes, of yoke shape connected at
its ends to the main pipe at points some little distance apart. The pipes I and I'
which lead respectively to the bottom and top of the cylinder F, are connected to
this yoke at different points and at a point between these different points the
exhaust pipe S is joined to the yoke. Three-way cocks are seated respectively
at the points of junction between the pipes I and I and the branch s
cocks are provided with link-arms s', which are connected to a sliding rod s². This
rod is provided at its upper end with stops, which are alternately struck by an
arm S³, on a rod S, extending upward from the piston F', so as to shift the cocks S2.
automatically and thereby change the direction of movement of the distributor.
The same result may be obtained, when desired, by means of a hand-lever st, con-
nected to the lower end of the rod st.
These
In Figures 28 and 29 is shown another modification of hydraulic mechanism in
which the pipes I¹ and I are connected to a vertical pipe T, in which is seated a
four-way cock T¹. A pressure pipe T2, opens into one side of this four-way cock and
an exhaust pipe T3, opens into the other side. T represents a lever-arm connected
to the four-way cock T¹ and adapted to be shifted either by a hand-lever t, and
link t¹, or by a rod 3, having stops t³, with which the arm S³ on the rod S* may
engage to shift the cock automatically.
In Figure 27 of the drawings, we have shown a modification in which the water,
instead of being admitted through an inlet pipe entering through the bottom of
the tank, enters through the cylinder F. This construction will be readily under-
stood by reference to the preceding description, it being only necessary to remark
that in this case the lower end of the hollow stem f¹ is closed, as shown.
It is obvious that various modifications in the details of construction may be
made without departing from our invention. For example, although, we have
shown various forms of hydraulic mechanism for raising and lowering the dis-
tributor, it is obvious that this movement may be effected by other mechanism,
or by hand, if desired. Various other modifications will readily suggest themselves
and we therefore do not wish to be understood as limiting ourselves strictly to
the precise details herein before described and shown in the drawings.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :-
1. In a water filter, the tank, in combination with the radial perforated arms,
the hydraulic cylinder, the piston within the said cylinder, the inlet pipe and

page_text: the hollow piston stem to which said perforated arms are connected, substantially
as and for the purposes specified.
2. In a water filter, the combination, with the filter tank, of vertically movable
distributing pipes arranged within the tank, and hydraulic cylinder or cylinders
connected to said pipes to operate the same, and an automatic valve mechanism
controlling said cylinder or cylinders, substantially as and for the purposes specified.
3. In a water filter, the combination, with the filter tank and the inlet pipe
provided with an undulating or spiral rib, of the hollow stem or cylinder, provided
with a hub, having perforated distributing arms and a groove to fit said rib, and
operating mechanism connected to said stem to impart to the same an automatic
motion of reciprocation, substantially as and for the purposes specified.
4. In a water filter, the combination, with the distributor and the hydraulic
cylinder, provided with a piston connected to said distributor to operate the same,
of an indicator connected to and operated by said piston to indicate the position
of the distributor within the tank, substantially as and for the purposes
specified.
5. In a water filter, the combination, of the distributor, and the hydraulic
cylinder, provided with a piston for operating the same, of a valve controlling
said cylinders, an arm connected to said valve to shift the same, and a rock-shaft
connected to the piston by lazy tongs and provided with an arm adapted to engage
the valve-shifting arm at the limits of its motion, substantially as and for the
purposes specified.
6. In a water filter, the combination, with the filter tank, provided with an
outlet and a valve controlling the same, of the distributor, a hydraulic cylinder
provided with a piston connected to said distributor to operate the same, and a
valve to start and stop the operation thereof, and an auxiliary hydraulic cylinder,
provided with a piston connected to both valves, whereby said valves may be
simultaneously opened and closed, substantially as and for the purposes
specified.
7. In a water filter, the combination, with the filter tank, of one or more vertically
movable cylinders, provided with perforated delivery pipes within the tank, a beam
or beams above the tank to which said cylinders are connected, and hydraulic
actuating cylinders, having their piston rods connected to said beam or beams
to operate the same, substantially as and for the purposes specified.
8. In a water filter, the combination, with the filter tank, of vertically movable
cylinders arranged in pairs and provided with perforated delivery pipes within the
tank, a beam to which the upper ends of each pair of cylinders are connected,
and two hydraulic cylinders for each beam mounted on the side of the filter tank
and having their piston rods connected to the respective ends of the beam, sub-
stantially as and for the purposes specified.
9. In a water filter, the combination, with the distributing cylinders and the
operating beam to which they are pivoted, of hydraulic cylinders for operating
said beam, and equalizing mechanism, substantially as described, connected with
the beam and adapted to regulate the action of the cylinders, substantially as and
for the purposes specified.
pressure-
10. In a water filter, the combination, with the valve-casing I, of the
supply pipe opening into the same, the pipes I and I leading to the ends of the
hydraulic cylinder, the valve J arranged within said casing and having central
passage annular passage J¹, and ports 1, 2, and 3, and the waste pipe I³
opening into one end of the valve-casing, substantially as and for the purposes
specified.
Dated this 8th day of June 1889
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicants.