matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
CERTAIN APPARATUS TO BE USED FOR THE PURPOSE OF PASSING THE THREAD OF THE WEPT THROUGH THE EYE OF THE SHUTTLE IN SHUTTLES TO BE USED IN MANUFACTURING
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Owen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th March
1873.
I, JOHN OWEN, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Manager, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN APPARATUS
TO BE USED FOR THE PURPOSE OF PASSING THE THREAD OF THE WEPT THROUGH
THE EYE OF THE SHUTTLE IN SHUTTLES TO BE USED IN MANUFACTURING," to be as
follows:-
It consists in a tube or purse formed of elastic material (vulcanised
india-rubber for instance), on one side or forming a part of which is an
apparatus constructed so as to draw air into it in a manner similar to a
common bellows (also made of elastic material). This constitutes the
first mode of constructing my Invention. When it is brought into use
the shuttle (in which the cop has been previously inserted) is passed
through or into the tube or purse, and the bellows or exhausting
apparatus being then in a collapsed state it is allowed to expand through
its own elasticity or by means of a spring, and an apperture leading into
it coming opposite to the eye in the shuttle occasions an exhaustion or

page_text: sucking of the air through the eye of the shuttle, which draws the
thread through it.
Another mode of carrying out my Invention is by the employment of
a short small cylinder, in which a piston is made to slide; this being
made to operate by a spring, or the hand of the operative causes an i
exhaustion of the air. An apperture leading into the cylinder being
brought opposite the eye of the shuttle the partial exhaustion produced
draws and passes the thread through it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCK AND LATCH FURNITURE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Upton Collins and
James Arnot at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 8th February 1873.
We, CHARLES UPTON COLLINS, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Brassfounder, and JAMES ARNOT, of Birmingham aforesaid,
Accountant Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCK AND LATCH FURNITURE," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of the improvements in lock and latch furniture
herein-after described, which said improvements are especially applicable
to knobs made of china, earthenware, or other non-metallic materials,
but are also applicable to metallic knobs. In making and connecting
the rose of the knob to the said knob, we make the said rose either by
casting or stamping, and we insert in it a concave back secured thereto
by turning over the outer edge of the rose upon the said back. The said
back gives a support to the spindle, and also forms a stop which prevents
the sliding motion of the knob within the rose. The neck of the knob
terminates in a flange somewhat smaller than the central hole in the rose,
and the said rose is attached to the knob by burnishing or turning over
the edge of the central hole upon the flange on the neck of the knob.

page_text: For mortice locks we employ a plain spindle, but for rim and latch locks
we employ a notched or stopped spindle, that is a spindle on the angles
of which oblique notches or indentations are made, the making of the
said notches throwing up teeth or projections which limit the distance to
which the lock and latch follower can pass on to the spindle. After the
follower has been fixed on the spindle the knob on the same or lock side
of the door is fastened to the spindle by a set screw or in any other con-
venient manner.
The said mount
We make the mounts of china and other non-metallic knobs either of
The said mount
cast or stamped metal, and either in one or two pieces.
has a flange somewhat larger than the hole in the rose.
is inserted in the rose, its flange bearing against the opening in the rose.
The mount is fixed in its place in the rose by a back, which back is con-
nected to the rose by burnishing or spinning. When the mount is made
of stamped metal the back described may be dispensed with that portion
of the mount passing through the rose being compressed after the
insertion of the mount in the rose, so as to form a second flange parallel
to the first. The edge of the hole in the rose is thus enclosed between
the two flanges.
In order to diminish the strain on the edge of the mount, and morc
effectually to transmit the rotatory motion from the knob to the spindle,
we prefer to make one or more projections on the inner face of the
mount, and corresponding recesses in the neck of the knob, into which
recesses the said projections fit when the mount is fixed in the neck of
the knob. By this arrangement the tendency of the knob to get loose
in the mount is prevented or diminished.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING THE FEED WATER FOR STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Steen, of Wolverhampton, in the County of
Stafford, Printer, Stationer, and India-rubber and Leather Merchant,
for the Invention of "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING THE FEED
WATER FOR STEAM BOILERS."
Scaled the 29th July 1873, and dated the 6th May 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Steen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th May 1873.
I, JOHN STEEN, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Printer,
Stationer, and India-rubber and Leather Merchant, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING
THE FEED WATER FOR STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the raising the temporature of the
feed water prior to its introduction into the boiler, and consists in the

page_text: employment of three main parts or apparatus used conjunctively,
namely; first a supply cistern, second a heating coil or pipes, and
third a hot well. The supply cistern I place at a level above the hot
well and in any convenient position. A pipe is then made to pass from
the lower part of the supply cistern leading to a coil or range of pipes
placed in some convenient part of the flue or furnace. The said coil or
range of pipes may be placed vertically, horizontally, or inclined, as
may be convenient. At the opposite end of the coil or range of pipes
to that at which the pipe from the supply cistern enters another pipe
passes out to the hot well. A stop cock is fixed between the supply
cistern and the coil or range of pipes in order that the flow of water
from the said supply cistern may be regulated, or if necessary stopped
altogether. The supply cistern is placed at a level above the hot well
so that the water may flow freely from it to the hot well, and also so
that in the event of any steam forming in the coil or range of pipes the
steam may force the water into the hot well (that being the side of
least resistance) and not into the supply cistern. A pipe may be con-
ducted direct from the supply cistern to the hot well, so that in the
event of any accident or damage to the coil or range of pipes the boiler
may be temporarily fed with cold water and thus no delay occasioned.
The boiler is fed from the hot well by means of a pump or injector.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UTILIZING THE HEAT OF THE EXHAUST STEAM OF STEAM ENGINES, ALSO FOR ECONOMIZING THE WATER USED THEREIN, AND IN THE APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Noble at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
October 1873.
I, WILLIAM NOBLE, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian,
North Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN UTILIZING THE HEAT OF THE EXHAUST STEAM OF
STEAM ENGINES, ALSO FOR ECONOMIZING THE WATER USED THEREIN, AND IN THE
APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to
say:-
This Invention, which relates to the utilization of the residual heat of
the exhaust steam of steam engines, consists of a vessel or chamber con-
taining water, and within which one or more sets of return tubes or
passages are situated. The water contained in the vessel or chamber
surrounds the tubes or passages, and the exhaust pipe of the steam
engine is connected to this vessel or chamber so that the exhaust steam
is conducted therethrough, and in passing through the tubes or passages
imparts the heat to the water which surrounds them, any portion of
exhaust steam which may remain uncondensed after passing through the
apparatus escaping to the chimney or elsewhere. The heat thus imparted

page_text: to the water may be sufficient to generate steam, in which case the
steam may be used to open a valve and force the heated water into the
boiler, or such steam may be used in the cylinder of a steam engine.
This Invention is applicable both to locomotive and stationary
engines.
By means of this Invention the quantity of water necessary to work
high pressure or non-condensing engines is considerably economised, as
the water resulting from the condensation of the steam on giving up its
heat in the manner herein set forth may be repeatedly used in the
boiler.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR REMOVING THE COTTON FROM COTTON PODS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Browne at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
December 1873.- A communication from abroad by Michel Alcan,
Engineer, of Paris, in the French Republic.
I, ALEXANDER BROWNE, of the Firm of Browne and Company, Patent
Agents, of 5, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR REMOVING THE COTTON FROM COTTON PODS," a com-
munication from abroad by Michel Alcan, Engineer, of Paris, in the
French Republic, to be as follows: —
This Invention consists in certain improvements in apparatus for
removing and plucking the cotton wool from the pods or bolls so as to
separate the said wool from the husks in which it is contained without
injuring it.
The apparatus which it is intended to use for obtaining the above
object consists of three pairs of cylinders, two of which are fluted partly
parallel and partly vertical to their axles. The parallel fluted part
on each of the cylinders is placed opposite to the vertical fluted part
of the other pair of cylinders, so that the fluting of each cylinder is

page_text: always vertical to the fluting of the cylinder opposite to it. The third
pair of cylinders are fluted parallel to their axles throughout. This
arrangement of fluted cylinders has the same action on the cotton pods
as that given by hand labour.
The pods or bolls are brought to the aforesaid cylinders by means of
an endless cloth.
The arrangement of the flutings above described brakes up the husks
without injuring the fibres of the cotton contained therein.
When the broken pods leave the cylinders they come in contact with
a revolving fan or ventilator, by means of which the fibrous cotton is
entirely separated from the husks.
AN IMPROVED VELOCIPEDE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Hobson and William
Courtney Williams at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 6th September 1873.
We, ARTHUR HOBSON and WILLIAM COURTNEY WILLIAMS, both of
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED VELOCIPEDE,” to be as follows :—
This Invention relates to a novel method of constructing large wheeled
velocipedes for travelling at great speeds.
The accompanying Drawing represents a partial side elevation of a
vclocipede constructed according to this Invention.
The line a, a, a, represents a portion of the driving or carrying wheels
of which 6 is the centre; c is a steering or guiding wheel; and d is a
suspension rod or bar. The suspension rod or bar d may be fitted with
a suitable spiral or other spring; e, e, e, is a frame which is suspended
by the rod d, and kept in position by the guiding wheel c; f is the scat
of the velocipedo; is the treadle and connecting rod guide. The con-
necting and driving rod extends from 1 to the crank i, the stroke of

page_text: which is shown in dotted lines; k is the fork carrying the guiding
wheel c; 1, 1, is the steering rod and handle.
It will be seen by this arrangement a very large driving whcel is
obtained, together with simplicity of parts, the action of the treadle and
connecting rod being direct on to the crank i.
AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OF ALBUMENIZING PAPER
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Beckett at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 81st July
1878.
I, JAMES BECKETT, of Woodland Cottage, Moorfields, in the Oity and
County of Worcester, Photographer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OF ALBUMENIZING PAPER," to be as
follows (that is to say) :-
This Invention has for its object an improved system of treating
paper, by albumenizing instead of coating one side only. I immerse the
paper-in-the albumen solution, thereby coating the paper on both sides
at once. The paper may be coated on both sides by floating, but I
prefer immersing as a quicker system.
The object of this Invention is to give greater stability to the paper,
and thereby rendering it more impregnable to the verious chemicals that
it is subjected to in washing, toning, and fixing. By coating both sides
of the paper with albumen the saving of chloride of gold is immense

page_text: and the hyposulphite of soda is pervented from entering into the porous
or fiberous side of paper, thereby rendering the prints more duerable.
With this paper five minuates washing is sufficient, blisterring of the
paper is pervented. Paper prepared by this system works well with my
Patent washing, toneing, washing fixing, and washing machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SPRING MATTRESSES, ALSO APPLICABLE TO PRODUCING ELASTICITY FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Fletcher at the Office
- of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
November 1873.
I, JOSEPH FLETCHER, of Ardwick, near Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Cutler, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SPRING MATTRESSES, ALSO APPLICABLE
TO PRODUCING ELASTICITY FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:
-
This Invention consists in forming an elastic network of steel wire
springs of peculiar construction, and which constitute the essential
feature of.the Invention, which clastic network is useful for producing
the requisite clasticity in spring mattresses, sofas, chairs, and other
articles for sitting or reclining upon, and also in the scats and backs of
seats of railway carriage and other vehicles. These springs are formed
of steel wire coiled in the centre sufficiently close together to admit
wires of the same gauge between the coils, and such springs have
projecting wires at each end bent into a suitable form to enable them to
be connected together by being linked one into the other. These springs

page_text: are not designed to be used singly, but two of them are entwined
together, or in other words, the coiled portions of the two springs are
interlaced one into the other, and each of the linked extremities may be
connected to the fellow links of similar springs, and thus an elastic
surface be produced for the purposes described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SIZING AND PAINTING LATHS FOR VENETIAN BLINDS AND OTHER ARTICLES WITH ANY KIND OF LIQUID COLOURING
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Boothroyd at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd January 1878.
I, BENJAMIN BOOTHROYD, of Southport, in the County of Lancaster,
Venetian Blind Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR
SIZING AND PAINTING LATHS FOR VENETIAN BLINDS AND OTHER ARTICLES WITH ANY
KIND OF LIQUID COLOURING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved method whereby laths or strips
of wood, metal, or other material may be covered with size, paint,
varnish, or other liquid in a rapid and expeditious manner.
The machine consists of a trough of wood, or metal, or carthenware,
or of part wood, or metal, or earthenware, the bottom sloping from the
ends to the centre; at a proper distance from the bottom of the trough
two rollers working upon axles are placed near the centre of the trough;
at one end of the trough and level with the top end of the sloping board
forming the bottom, are placed two sponges or pads, or other absorbents,
fitted in such a manner so as to allow of their being adjusted by means

page_text: of thumb screws; beneath the sponges, pads, or absorbents a moveablo
trough is placed.
To work the machine it is only necessary to fill the centre of the trough
with paint or size, or any other liquid colouring or varnish, and by hand
or any other applied power pass the laths through the liquid and 5
underneath the rollers through the absorbents and drawing them
therefrom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-GRATES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Smith Feather at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
January 1873.
I, SMITH FEATHER, of Bradford, in the County of York, Weaving
Overlooker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-GRATES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the construction of fire-grates in such
manner as to economize the fuel employed.
I construct a bottom grate or scries of bars having lugs or projections
thereon, these receive and support side irons which in lieu of the
ordinary form I construct of a sharp curve from the front part of the
grate and so contract largely the back of the space usually filled with
fucl. Resting on the bottom grate on its front edge is a plate extending
therefrom upwards at an angle so as to economize still further space
heretofore occupied by fuel at the back part of the bottom of the fire
space. When the grate is for cooking or other purposes requiring a
large body of fire the apparatus above described may be readily removed
and afterwards replaced, all the parts being so constructed as to fit
together with bolts or fastenings.
AN IMPROVED GRATE AND SPECIAL METHOD OF SUPPLYING AIR TO THE FIRE AND HEATING BOILERS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
February 1878.
I, WILLIAM JOHNSON, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Engincer,
do hereby declare the naturo of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
GRATE AND SPECIAL METHOD OF SUPPLYING AIR TO THE FIRE AND HEATING
BOILERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the novel construction of a grate for
boilers in combination with slotted tubes, groove-shaped for the purpose
of conducting air to the fire, whereby a great heat is obtained. This
arrangement is applicable to boilers of overy description, namely, for
stationary, portable, locomotive, or marine engine boilers, as also to
puddling and reheating furnaces and lead and copper smelting furnaces.
I take a cast-iron plate formed with apertures and otherwise for the
admission of air, and place this in the boiler tubo in substitution for tho
ordinary flat bottom grate; above this, eight or any required number of
tubes slotted or opened are placed and supported at each end, and in the
middle by cast-iron stays or standards; these tubes may be about 6 feet
in length, or longer or shorter, according to the size of boiler used. I uso

page_text: front plates with inlets or apertures to convey air in the first instance,
and between these inlets and the tubes are air chambers or compartments
wherein the air collects. From this chamber the air passes and is
drawn forcibly through the eight or more tubes, whence it passes or
circulates through the fuel which is placed in the grate and between the
tubes the full length, and thence it escapes or passes out through the
flue to the chimney in the ordinary way.
By the means above described a considerable blast is obtained and the
combustion resulting therefrom creates a great heat for the object
required. Two square holes are made in the bottom plate to supply the
under side of the grate with air from the same chambers that supplies
the tubes.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE PREVENTION OF FRAUD ON TRAMWAYS AND OTHER LINES OF TRANSIT
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Pereira at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th July
1873.
I, JOHN PEREIRA, of Chalfont Road, Holloway, in the County of
Middlesex, Cabinet Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE PREVENTION OF FRAUD ON
TRAMWAYS AND OTHER LINES OF TRANSIT," to be as follows:-
The exterior portion of this apparatus consists of a receptacle or box
of any size and shape adapted for the purpose, in the interior of which is
or are fixed one or more spindles on which are placed a series of reels,
each of which is provided with a pawl and ratchet arrangement by which
the revolution of the reels on the spindle or spindles except in one
direction is prevented.
The tickets employed are necessarily printed on strips or lengths of
paper, card, or other suitable material, and may be so printed with
distances and fares or with any desired subject matter or device thereon.
The strips or lengths are severally fastened at one end thereof to the
respective reels, and then wound round the same, the other ends being

page_text: passed through slots or apertures formed in the top or front of the
receptacle or box, and through which they are capable of being drawn,
whilst they are prevented from being wound backwards on to the recls
by the pawl and ratchet arrangement before mentioned.
On the top or front of the receptacle or box, and in proximity to each
slot or aperture, should be marked the distances and fares or other
subject-matter or device corresponding with each strip or length of
tickets.
The strips or lengths of tickets are held sufficiently tightly on the
reels by means of springs suitably placed within the receptacle or box,
and which press upon the same. The receptacle or box is furnished
with suitable appendages by means of which it can be secured to the
waist of the conductor.
The mode of employing the apparatus is as follows:-The reels are in
the first instance supplied with the desired strips or lengths of tickets,
and the receptacle or box then locked and handed to the conductor.
The tickets are respectively drawn out and torn off or separated, and
delivered to each passenger upon payment of the fares at the commence-
ment of the respective journeys, and are produced at the end thereof for
the purpose of shewing that a greater distance than that paid for has not
been travelled over. The tickets remaining in the receptacle or box are
examined and compared with the money in the hands of the conductor.
It will be manifest that by the use of this apparatus in the manner
before described fraud on the part of conductors or attendants on tram-
ways and other lines of transit may be effectually prevented.
AN IMPROVED SMOKE CONSUMING FEEDING FURNACE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Wirth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
October 1873.-A communication from Mr. Charles Boschan,
residing at Vienna (Austria).
I, FRANCIS WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth & Co., Patent Agency, in
the City of Frankfort-on-the-Main (Germany), do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SMOKE CONSUMING FEEDING
FURNACE," a communication to me from Mr. Charles Boschan, a person
resident at Vienna (Austria), to be as follows:-
:
The furnace as will be seen by reference to the Drawing accom-
panying this Provisional Specification consists of a lower stand as the
proper heating apparatus A, A, A, A, and of the upper stand B, which
has for its purpose or office to utilise beneficially the heat rising in it
from the lower stand, which contains at the feeding cylinder m a smoke
consumer of the form of the ring 1, 1, lying on the teeth of the feeding
cylinder's edge, by which is formed an air slit around the whole
periphery. The feeding cylinder having been provided with fuel by the
stoke hole q this fuel is to be inflamed from above. The fire-box door

page_text: is shut and the slide at the draught regulating door p. is accordingly
opened. The admitted draught of air is now partly conducted through
the fuel to the blast by removable grate situated on o, o, whilst the other
part is ascending between the interior wall of the furnace and the
exterior wall of the cylinder, and very much heated by this plan it
come through the air vent above described directly into the flame,
which process effectuates consequently a combustion that is as complete
as it is free from smoke.
The
upper stand B consists of the circulator D, and the jacket c, c.
This circulator is made of sheet iron and coated over with soluble glass
rubbed with clay, and consists of the middle tube of the peculiar
tubes 9, 9, 9, periphery, the upper chamber 7, and the lower chamber h, h,
from whence after being cooled to conducted to the chimney by the
tube of communication i.
The jacket c, c, pierced at k, k, has for its office partly the covering of
the circulator and of serving as fire screen; whilst it also produces a very
suitable ventilation, because the cold air coming in at k, k, very quickly
deprives the circulator's numerous hot walls of their heat, and then rises,
the consequence of which is continued in drawing of cold air, and an
accordingly fast warming of the circulator. This renders it possible that
the effect of the used fuel is most favourably employed for the place
which is to be heated, and this the more as the interior walls of the
circulator remain free from soot and can easily transmit the heat to the
air that is ascending in the jacket on the picces r, r. In order to place
the tube of communication the jacket c, c, recieves at the respective
place a suitable embrasure...
Im- PROVED APPARATUS OR MEANS FOR HEATING WATER FOR DOMESTIC OR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John William Hunter at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th October 1873.
I, JOHN WILLIAM HUNTER, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the County of
|Durham, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “Im-
PROVED APPARATUS OR MEANS FOR HEATING WATER FOR DOMESTIC OR OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
It is well known that accidents of all kinds are constantly occurring in
kitchens and other places where the ordinary boilers are fitted and used
behind or at the sides of the fire-grate or other parts of kitchen ranges
or fire-places, and an arrangement of flues is rendered necessary under
or around such boilers. This Invention has therefore been designed to
prevent such accidents, and to do away with the ordinary arrangement
of flues, and one advantage obtained by the employment of the improved
apparatus will be great economy in the consumption of fuel.
My Invention consists in entirely dispensing with the ordinary square,
oblong, saddle, or other shaped boilers, and in substituting therefor a
system or arrangement of metal tubes, which I fit or place at the back

page_text: of the fire-grate or fire-place, and between the fire and the back wall of
the house or building; or the tubes may be arranged and fitted at or
round the sides, or at the back, and also under the fire-grate, or at any
convenient part or parts where the heat of the fire can be brought to
bear on the surfaces of the tubes to heat the water.
The tubes can be made and arranged of any suitable size, form, or
design.
The water to be heated will be contained in a cistern or receptacle
placed in any convenient position above the level of the heating
apparatus, and will be caused to communicate with it by means of two
pipes (fitted in the ordinary manner), one pipe communicating or being
connected with the bottom, and the other with the top of the heating
apparatus. On the fire being lighted the water becoming heated in the
tubes will pass upwards to the cistern, thus establishing a circulation,
by which means the whole of the water in the cistern will be heated.
This apparatus will be found applicable for heating water, for baths,
or other domestic purposes, for heating conservatories, for warming
churches, or other buildings or places where heat or hot water may be
required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS, PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO CARPETS WITH A PILE SURFACE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd July 1873.-A communication from abroad by Thomas
Crossley, of Bridgeport, Connecticut, United States of America.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
CARPETS, PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO CARPETS WITH A PILE SURFACE;" a com-
munication, to be as follows:-
Colouring matter is first prepared by making a solution of "gum"
as in other cases and boiling it alone, also by making a solution of pipe
clay in cold water, and then having also prepared a solution of the
required colour the whole are mixed cold in about the proportions of
eighty per cent. of the solution of pipe clay to twenty per cent. of the
solution of "gum," and I add such a quantity of the solution of colour
as may be necessary to make the required tint. This mixture freshly
prepared is applied to the blocks and the work of printing conducted in
the usual way. After being printed the colours are set by steaming, and
then instead of washing as is usually required to remove the gum which

page_text: forms the "base" of the colour, the base may be removed by brushing
and "whipping."
The novelty of this mode of manufacture consists in the use of a
friable base which may be removed by friction and "whipping" without
washing, the effect of which is to shrink the fabric, and cause the 5
colours of the face and that of the jute back of Brussels and velvet and
other carpets of pile to run one into the other.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLIANCES FOR ECONOMIZING THE CONSUMPTION OF FUEL
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Hawken at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
November 1873.
I, EDMUND HAWKEN, of Tachbrook Street, Pimlico, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLIANCES FOR ECONOMIZING THE CONSUMPTION OF FUEL,"
to be as follows:-
--
This Invention consists in introducing within the stove, grate, or
range a removable back of such form and construction that while
much of the space ordinarily occupied by the fuel is taken up little or
no alteration in the appearance of the fire or reduction in the radiating
surface of the fuel is produced. The ends of this removable back are
made to fit close to the cheeks of the grate, and the bottom has an
indent or space to allow of the application of a poker to clear the
bottom of the grate and to admit air from the back of the fire-bars in
such a manner that the air so admitted will pass through the fuel and

page_text: sustain combustion. The appliance may be made of iron, fire-clay,
or other suitable substance.
The Drawing annexed hereto shows in perspective the general form
in which it is preferred to construct the appliance, but in some cases
it is necessary to modify it in order to adapt it to existing stoves, grates,
or ranges.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BEDS, HAMMOCKS, MATTRESSES, AND SEATS OF SOFAS. COUCHES, CHAIRS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Alder at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
September 1873.
I, HENRY ALDER, of the City of Edinburgh, North Britain, Gas
Meter Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BEDS, HAMMOCKS, MATTRESSES, AND SEATS OF SOFAS.
COUCHES, CHAIRS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows, that is to
say :-
This Invention which has for its object the ventilation of beds, ham-
mocks, mattresses, and seats of sofas or other similar articles, as well as
the simplification of their construction and the diminution of the number
of springs required, consists of two correspondingly shaped rectangular
frames of metal, wood, or other material arranged one above the other.
These frames may each have tie bars or stays, and the upper frame is
covered by preference with a metallic network, wire cloth, perforated
metallic plates, or equivalent ventilating covering.
On the upper surface of the lower frame at each corner and inter-
mediately are soldered or otherwise fixed vertical tubes or sockets, each
having within it a coiled spiral or caouchouc spring extending from the

page_text: bottom to near the mouth of the tube, and on the under surface of the
upper frame at corresponding positions are fixed vertical rods or plungers
which enter the tubes and rest upon the springs within the tube, so that
when there is pressure or weight upon the upper frame, these rods bear
upon and compress the springs in a vertical direction and frequent
breakage of the springs from inclined compression is avoided. The
vertical position of the rods within the tubes has the effect of staying the
whole framework, and the open space between the frames provides for
the ventilation of the bed, hammock, mattress, seat, or other article con-
structed according to this Invention.
In applying this Invention to chair and other seats, the legs of the
chair may be formed partly tubular so as to contain the springs in lieu of
employing special tubes for that purpose, and in applying it to bed
bottoms and such like articles, the bed post or bearing may in like
manner be formed partly tubular to contain the spring.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND LIGHTING BY GAS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Haas at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
December 1873.-Partly a communication from Frederic Folliot, of
Paris, in the Republic of France, Civil Engineer.
I, FREDERIC HAAS, of No. 30, Boulevard St. Germain, Paris, in the
Republic of France, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND
LIGHTING BY GAS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention consists in the construction of an improved apparatus
in which certain liquids are vaporized so as to serve as gas for lighting
and heating purposes.
The improved apparatus consists of a receiver provided with two tubes.
The first tube serves for the introduction of the air, and is placed at the
top of the apparatus; the second tube serves to introduce the gas or
vapours produced by the passage of the air, and is placed at the bottom
of the apparatus. These two tubes enter a certain distance into the
receiver, and their orifices are set at a distance apart, so that the liquid
contained in the receiver is prevented from passing into it if the receiver

page_text: is inclined or turned over. The interior of the receiver and the tubes are
lined with a suitable absorbing fabric for assisting evaporation. The gas
or vapours descend through the lower tube to the place where they are
to be burnt.
All liquids, the vapours of which are easily generated and burnt, may
be employed with my improved apparatus, but I prefer the liquid
prepared as herein-after described, and which I call hydro-oxygenated
carbon. To prepare this substance I take a suitable liquid, such as
petroleum, coal, schist, bog-head, or other heavy oil, and I digest it for
several days in chloride of calcium; I then distill it on lime.
The liquid may also be digested on soda or potash, and then on a
mixture of quicklime and sulphate of iron.
The operation is completed when the products are impure by contact
with sulphuric or hydrochloric acid.
AN IMPROVED METAL DOVETAILED VICE CHAIR FOR ALL KINDS OF RAILS AND TRAMWAYS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Arnold and Edward
Thomas Cleathero at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 12th August 1878.
We, WILLIAM ARNOLD, Ironfounder, and EDWARD THOMAS OLEATHERO,
Pattern Maker, both of Barnsley, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METAL DOVETAILED
VICE CHAIR FOR ALL KINDS OF RAILS AND TRAMWAYS," to be as follows :—
This Invention consists of a chair which is provided with a loose
dovetailed vice-slide, which can readily be removed and replaced with or
without removing the-chair from the sleeper.
The cast metal chair and slide is provided with or without a hole
through the vice and rail for a bolt with shit cotter, so that it cannot
work loose. Where no hole is in the rail we provide one through the
slide and chair for a screw or pin to pass through into the sleeper to
secure the slide.
We also provide the above in the form of a double chair fitted as
aforesaid with two additional holes in the vice, for the purpose of

page_text: securing two rail ends together so that the fish plates and wood chocks,
as heretofore used are entirely done away with.
We further provide a dovetailed wood, leather, or gutta percha wedge
inserted in the loose slide of the vice in order to steady the rail and give
it a tighter grip, and being inserted or fitted the contrary way to the b
slide it cannot work out.
Now in order that this our Invention may be readily understood,
reference is made to accompanying Drawings and the letters of reference
shewn thereon, the same letters referring to like parts.
Fig. 1 is a view of a single vice chair, a being the body of the same; 1
b, the loose moveable dovetailed vice slide; c, the dovetailed wedge
inserted in the same; d, the bolt holes for fixing.
Fig. 2 represents the double vice chair being on the same principle as
Fig. 1, but for fixing the ends of two rails together as before-mentioned;
e, e, are the rails, and f, f, are the bolt holes for securing the rail ends 1
together in the chair.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Melbourne White at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition
on the 14th March 1873.
I, CHARLES MELBOURNE WHITE, of Lilford Road, Green Lanes,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES AND OTHER ARTICLES,"
to be as follows:―
The Invention has for its object improvements in stoppers for bottles
and other articles. For this purpose I form the body of the stopper of a
tube of any suitable material having a flange or enlargement on the
upper part thereof and an internal contraction at its lower end. Over
the body of the stopper I stretch a piece of india-rubber tubing, which
when in position extends from the under side of the flange or enlarge-
ment to some distance below the lower end of the stopper body. I then
take a spindle having a conical or tapered enlargement at the lower end,
and I pass this cone spindle through the contracted end of the stopper
body, and into and through the hollow portion thereof. A spiral spring
is then passed over the cone spindle and into the hollow of the stopper
until it bears upon the contracted end thereof. A head or thumb piece

page_text: is then rigidly attached to the cone spindle to assist in keeping the
spiral spring in position and also to afford facility for depressing the
cone as herein-after explained. The spiral spring by bearing upon the
thumb piece forces the cone spindle in an upward direction, and
consequently the conical or tapered portion is drawn into and distends
the lower end of the india-rubber tube.
To enable the stopper to be readily placed in a bottle pressure is
applied to the thumb piece attached to the upper end of the cone spindle
when the cone will be forced downwards, thereby allowing the india.
rubber to assume its normal condition, the stopper may then be placed
in the neck of the bottle, when on pressure being removed from the
cone spindle the spring will as before described force the cone in
an upward direction and the lower end of the india-rubber tube will
consequently be distended and form a tight packing between the cone
and the neck of the bottle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO CLOSETS AND PORTABLE COMMODES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frans Julius Fahlman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th July 1873.
I, FRANS JULIUS FAHLMAN, Swedish-Norwegian Vice-Consul, at
Iliza, Balearic Island, Spain, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO CLOSETS AND
PORTABLE COMMODES," to be as follows:
This Invention has for its object further improvements upon. Inven-
tions for which Letters Patent were granted to me, dated respectively
May 11th and November 29th 1871, and consists in an improved mode
of covering the basin or receptacle so as to conceal it from sight and
exclude all noxious effluvia.
In guides fixed to the inside of the front wall of the box or closet is
placed a rod or slide having its upper end in contact with the under
side of the front end of a seat hinged at the back, and its lower end
made in the shape of a fork and placed in contact with projections on
two halves of a dome-shaped cover, each half which forms the section of
a sphere working on axes fixed to supports at each side of the box, and
=

page_text: to each half of the cover at any required distance from the axis is fixed
an arm carrying a counterweight, or instead of counterweights springs
may be used.
When the closet is not in use the two halves of the dome-shaped cover
are in contact with each other, thus enclosing the basin or receptacle,
the counterweights or springs keeping them pressed firmly together,
thereby making a tight joint and effectually preventing all noxious
effluvia from arising.
When the closet is being used the weight of the person upon the seat
presses down the rod or slide, the forked end of which acting on the
projection on each half of the cover overcomes the pressure of the
counterweights or springs and forces each half of the cover to turn on its
axis and be separated from each other towards each side of the box or
closet, thereby uncovering the basin and allowing a free passage for the
focal matter, and as long as the weight on the seat is continued they
remain in this position, but immediately the seat is released the counter-
weights or springs return the parts to their original positions and
hermetically cover the basin or receptacle as before.
The two parts forming the cover may each be made of two thicknesses
of metallic cloth enclosing between them pounded charcoal or any other
suitable disinfectant capable of preventing the gas or emanations from
spreading in the closet, or instead of making it of a double thickness it
may be made of sheet zinc or galvanized iron haiving fixed to the inside
face a bed of disinfecting material.
IMPROVED BRAKES FOR BROUGHAMS, PHAETONS, WAGGONETTES, DOG CARTS, AND OTHER TWO AND FOUR WHEELED VEHICLES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Roberts at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
September 1873.
I, JOHN ROBERTS, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lan-
caster, Coach Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED BRAKES FOR BROUGHAMS, PHAETONS, WAGGONETTES, DOG CARTS,
AND OTHER TWO AND FOUR WHEELED VEHICLES,” (to be as follows) :-
This Invention consists in the employment of a metal brake formed as
a two armed lever jointed on one of the axles at the middle of the
vehicle, one arm being below for enabling it to be pressed on the
road. In the inside of the body there are two plates having curved slots
bolted to the under side of the seat and the bottom of the body, and in
the slots there are two pins at the bottom of a small iron frame having
at the top a tapped hole forming a nut through which is passed a screw
provided at the top with a handle, and jointed at the bottom to the top
arm of the brake by means of a clamp or swivel so that the screw can be
turned by the handle.
When the brake is not required to be used the pins in the small iron
hattom of the clots and the handle and parts in con-

page_text: nection with it are in their lowest position, but when the brake is to be
put on the driver seizes the handle and raises it and the frame to the
seat to cause the bottom of the brake to rest on the road, and then by a
few turns of the handle the top arm of the brake is raised and the
bottom one lowered so as to lift the wheels off the road, and thereby give
a very effective drag or brake to the vehicle when descending hills or a
sudden stoppage of the vehicle required, the pressure being regulated by
giving more or less turns to the screw.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY CHAIRS AND IN FIXING RAILS THEREIN
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Swain at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
December 1873.
I, MATTHEW SWAIN, of Hyde, in the County of Chester, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY CHAIRS AND IN FIXING RAILS THEREIN," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is so to construct a railway chair and fix
the rail therein that it shall be held firmly without any wooden key, and
shall not be liable to become loose.
I construct the chair of cast iron, somewhat in the shape of those
ordinarily employed in connection with the wooden keys, that is, with a
sole plate and two jaws cast in one piece. One jaw fits the side of the
rail and the other jaw is so formed as to admit of a key of about the
ordinary size and shape being driven in between it and the rail.
I use a key of cast iron or other suitable metal faced with wood on
the side next to the rail. In the inner side of the jaw of the chair and in
the outer side of the metal key I form a vertical groove, and when the

page_text: key has been driven nearly home I drive in a wedge-formed spike or
cotter down this groove and into the wooden sleeper.
The vertical grooves in the jaw and the metal key are so arranged
that the driving in of the wedge-formed spike shall draw or force the
key still further home, and thus a very firm and secure hold of the rail
is obtained.
When it is required to move a rail the spike is withdrawn and the key.
can be driven out and the rail removed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOATING BATHS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Rae M°Kaig and
James Carlton Stitt at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 27th March 1873.
We, WILLIAM RAE M°KAIG and JAMES CARLTON STITT, both of
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOATING BATHS," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention for improvements in floating baths relates to con-
structing floating baths so that the tide or stream runs or circulates
through the bath, thereby keeping up a fresh and constant supply of
clean water.
This Invention also further relates to arranging the bottom of the
floating bath in such a manner that the bath can easily be beached or
docked for cleaning or repairing purposes.

page_text: The principle of construction being a raft or platform supported or
floated by pontoons or their equivalents ballasted to the required depth,
and containing a swimming or plunge bath, the bottom of which is
composed of an adjustable tray, the floor of which may be planked, and
the sides composed of lattice or network to allow of a free flow for the
water.