Improvements in Sea-going Vessels.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Apr., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 18th Jan., 1898-Accepted, 5th Mar., 1898
Improvements in Sea-going Vessels.
We, THOMAS LINTON LIVINGSTON, of Dunedin House, Jarrow-on-Tyne, in the
County of Durham, Naval Architect, and JAMES SANDERSON, of 31, Park Road,
Jarrow-on-Tyne, aforesaid, Naval Architect, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:--
Our invention has for its principal object to provide sea-going vessels with means
whereby the ballasting thereof can be better effected than hitherto, the construc-
tion, or arrangement, being such as to render the said vessels stronger relatively to
weight and better adapted for carrying cargo in bulk than hitherto. According
to our invention we provide water-tight spaces at, or cut water-tight spaces off
from, the lower corners, or the upper corners, or both the upper and the lower
corners of the vessel, viewed transversely. The compartments formed by these
water-tight spaces may be of any suitable shape so as to make the main interior
of the vessel, or hold, for example of octagonal, elliptical, or circular, shape, to
suit the cargo and water ballast requirements, and to give great strength to the
vessel as a whole. The said water-tight spaces may be continuous through the
length of the vessel, or through any desired portion, or portions, thereof, and they
may be situated either inside, or outside, the general structure of the vessel.
When situated inside the general structure, the main framing is continued round
the cross sectional figure of the exterior of the vessel and when situated outside the
general structure the framing is continued round the cross-sectional figure of
the interior of the vessel or hold (if necessary continuity of strength
being obtained by means of bracket-plates, or other connections) or
these two systems of construction may be combined. The said spaces may be
constructed so as to add to the strength of the vessel but without being made
water-tight, the main framing in that case taking the general cross-sectional
figure of the vessel inwards of the corner compartments.
J
41 100-
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.
Improvements in Sea-going Vessels.
We, THOMAS LINTON LIVINGSTON, of Dunedin House, Jarrow-on-Tyne, in the
County of Durham, Naval Architect, and JAMES SANDERSON, of 31, Park Road,
Jarrow-on-Tyne, aforesaid, Naval Architect, do hereby declare the nature of this
Price S/I

page_text: in this case will be flush from side to side across the vessel, the central portion of
the deck forming the crown of the main internal cargo hold being constructed with
the same sheer as the sides which form the upper surface of the corner compart-
ments or the entire hull of the vessel may be constructed without sheer, or if it be
desired to increase the capacity of the lower holds the central erection may be
increased in height either by increasing the height at the ends by adding sheer
forward and aft, or by increasing the height amidships by cambering the top in
a fore and aft direction, or by adding to the height, or breadth, of the erection in
any other suitable way. Or the poop, bridge, and top-gallant forecastle may be
entirely dispensed with, or further extended, and joined, so as to form a complete
"'tween decks" extending over the entire length of the vessel.
The strength usually obtained by fitting "tween deck" plating and beams is
more economically gained in vessels constructed according to our invention by
fitting upper corner compartments. This arrangement leaves the cargo hold free
from obstruction and very suitable for bulk cargoes-though if desired a "tween
deck"
may be fitted.
In the arrangement Figures 1, 2 and 3 the corner compartments, as indicated by
the shade lines in Figure 1, extend over nearly the entire length of the upper part
of the vessel, and over a somewhat shorter distance at the bilges, or lower corners,
of the vessel, and are fitted and arranged for carrying water ballast. The upper
corner compartments amidships in way of the machinery space may however be
constructed for carrying fuel, instead of water ballast.
To ensure a water-tight connection, the transverse framing of the vessel is cut
at the margins of the corner tanks and continuity of strength is obtained by
fitting knee plates and angle bars, the whole structure being bound securely
together at suitable intervals, by a series of internal vertical frames or ties, shewn
on the right hand half of Figure 3, and marked XX which extend between, and
are securely attached to, the deck beams and the floor plates and also to the
inner plating of the corner compartments the whole forming a series of strong
rectangular transverse frames or ties which bind together the four longitudinal
triangular box girders formed by the corner compartments. The general structure
is further tied and stiffened by fitting cross ties marked at the mid depth these
being connected by means of knee and gusset plates, with the framing at the sides
of the vessel, strong cross beams being employed to efficiently tie the vessel
transversely. The corner compartments are stiffened and tied together internally
by fitting solid plate frames with lightening holes as shewn in Figure inside the
lower corner compartments, or by bracket frames as represented in the upper
corner compartments, or bracket frames may be fitted in connection with solid
frames at intervals. The side, bottom and top plating of the main compartment of
the vessel can be stiffened, in the usual manner, by means of stringers, keelsons,
floors, and beams, as indicated in the said Figure 3.
Figure 4 represents a transverse section where upper corner tanks only are fitted,
and no water ballast compartments are fitted at the lower part of the vessel. The
internal vertical frames marked X X are shewn on the right hand half of the
figure. The method of construction is similar to that shewn in Figure 3, with the
exception that side through-plate keelsons, and side stringers marked ZZ take
the place of the upper and lower margin plates of the lower corner tanks, and
knce plates take the place of the plate frames inside the lower tank.
Figure 5 illustrates a method of construction wherein the corner compartments
are situated outside the general structure of the vessel and represents a transverse
section of a vessel constructed after this method the section being taken at the
same position as that represented in Figure 3. The internal and external shape
and the general arrangement of the vessel may be the same as in Figure 3 or it
may be that shewn in this figure.
In this construction, Figure 5, the main octagonal shaped internal compart-
ment of the hull is plated and stiffened so as to form a floatable vessel, entirely
independent of the corner compartments, which are built as outside appendages