Pipes for Conveying Water, Liquids, Steam, and Gases.
Year: 1888

page_text: Pipes for Conveying Water, Liquids, Steam, and Gases.
I JOHN CLARKE JOHNSON of Claremont Lodge Brunswick Terrace Wednesbury
in the County of Stafford Manager of Works do hereby declare the nature of this
Invention to be as follows:-
My invention has reference to such wrought iron or steel socket pipes for conveying
water liquids steam and gases as are made of a separate socket which is connected to
the end of the pipe and my said invention consists principally in connecting the
separate socket to the pipe by the method hereinafter described.
I make the separate socket of wrought iron or steel from a rolled bar of the proper
section from which bar I cut a piece of the proper length and bend it into a ring and
by welding join the ends of the ring together. Or I form the separate socket from a
ring of wrought iron or steel by a stamping process. In these ways I produce a
socket one half of which has a smaller diameter than the other half. The part of
smaller diameter receives the end of the pipe to be connected to the socket and the
part of larger diameter constitutes the socket proper in which the plain or unsocketed
end of the adjacent pipe is to be fitted and fixed.
I connect the separate socket to the end of the pipe by a welding and consolidating
process effected by a pair of dies or tools the movable die or tool of which operated
by hydraulic or other pressure. That is to say I raise the smaller end of the socket
and the end of the pipe to which it is to be connected to a welding beat and place the
heated end of the socket on the outside of the heated end of the pipe. I support the
smaller end of the socket and end of the pipe in a fixed welding tool or die which
encircles about one third of the said socket and I introduce into the interior of the end
of the pipe a plug or material for supporting it during the welding operation. The
movable welding and compressing tool actuated by hydraulic or other pressure which
I use has such a figure that it encircles about one third of the smaller end of the
socket. By the pressure given to the movable tool combined with the action of the
fixed tool and changing the position of the socket with respect to the tools so as to

page_text: cause them to act upon all parts of the socket the smaller end of the socket is welded
to and compressed upon the end of the pipe and at the same time the said smaller
end of the socket is elongated upon the end of the pipe so as to reduce the double
thickness of metal originally at the junction of the pipe and socket to nearly the same
thickness as that of the larger end of the socket or socket proper.
In this way a very perfect welding of the separate wrought iron or steel socket to
the end of the wrought iron or steel pipe is effected accompanied by the consolidation
or compression of the metal at the junction of the socket with the end of the pipe.
During the making of the separate socket I form in the mouth of its enlarged end
or socket proper a recess for receiving a lead or other packing used in connecting
the plain end of one pipe to the socket end of the adjacent pipe.

page_text: Pipes for Conveying Water, Liquids, Steam, and Gases.
I JOHN CLARKE JOHNSON of Claremont Lodge, Brunswick Terrace, Wednesbury
in the County of Stafford, Manager of Works do hereby declare the nature of my
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My Invention has reference to such wrought iron or steel socket pipes for conveying
water, liquids, steam and gases as are made of a separate socket which is connected to
the end of the pipe; and my said invention consists principally in connecting the
separate socket to the pipe by the method hereinafter described.
I make the separate socket of wrought iron or steel from a rolled bar of the proper
section from which bar I cut a piece of the proper length and bend it into a ring and
by welding join the ends of the ring together. Or I form the separate socket from
a ring of wrought iron or steel by a stamping process. In these ways I produce a
socket one half of which has a smaller diameter than the other half. The part of
smaller diameter receives the end of the pipe to be connected to the socket and the
part of larger diameter constitutes the socket proper in which the plain or unsocketed
end of the adjacent pipe is to be fitted and fixed.
I connect the separate socket to the end of the pipe by a welding and consolidating
process effected by a pair of dies or tools the movable die or tool of which is operated
by hydraulic or other pressure. That is to say, I raise the smaller end of the socket
and the end of the pipe to which it is to be connected to a welding heat and place the
heated end of the socket on the outside of or within the heated end of the pipe. I
support the smaller end of the socket and end of the pipe in a fixed welding tool
or die which encircles about one third of the said socket and I introduce into
the interior of the end of the pipe a plug or mandrel for supporting it during the
welding operation. The movable welding and compressing tool actuated by hydraulic
or other pressure which I use has such a figure that it encircles about one third of
the smaller end of the socket. By the pressure given to the movable tool combined
with the action of the fixed tool and changing the position of the socket with
respect to the tools so as to cause them to act upon all parts of the socket the
smaller end of the socket is welded to and compressed upon the end of the pipe
and at the same time the said smaller end of the socket is elongated upon the end
of the pipe so as to reduce the double thickness of metal originally at the junction
of the pipe and socket to nearly the same thickness as that of the larger end of the
socket or socket proper.
In this way a very perfect welding of the separate wrought iron or steel socket to
the end of the wrought iron or steel pipe is effected accompanied by the consolidation
or compression of the metal at the junction of the socket with the end of the pipe.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying drawings the
manner in which my invention is to be performed.

page_text: Figure 1. represents the socket end of a wrought iron or steel pipe and a separate
socket to be connected thereto by a lap or cup joint and Figure 2 represents the
end of a pipe and separate socket to be connected together by a scarf joint:
Figure 3 represents a portion of a socket pipe made from either of the forms of
joints represented in Figures 1 and 2 by my method of manufacture as hereinafter
described. In the said Figures 1 and 2 the end of the wrought iron or steel pipe
is marked a and the separate socket is marked b, the said separate socket having one
half of smaller diameter than the other half and being made in either of the two
ways hereinbefore described or otherwise made. In connecting the parts by a cup
joint as illustrated in Figure 1 the smaller diameter of the socket may fit outside
the end of the pipe or inside the said pipe and when the connection is to be effected
by a scarf joint of the kind represented in Figure 2 the meeting ends of the pipe a
and socket 6 have enlargements at c to form the scarf joint as seen in the said
Figure 2.
The hydraulic machinery which I prefer to employ for effecting the welding of the
separate socket to the end of the pipe and for consolidating the metal at the joint of
the two parts is represented in side elevation in Figures 4 and 5 and the pair of tools
detached in Figures 6, 7, 8, and 9, Figure 6 representing in end elevation and
Figure 7 in longitudinal section the fixed upper tool and Figure 8 in end elevation
and Figure 9 in side elevation. the movable lower tool.
The combined socket and end a of the pipe supported on the lower movable tool
in its lowered position is represented in Figure 4 and the combined socket and end of
the pipe pressed between the two tools for effecting the welding and consolidation of
the joint is shown in Figure 5: d. is the fixed tool supported in the manner repre-
sented on the framing of the machine. The said fixed tool has the form best seen
in the section Figure 5 and the separate views Figures 6 and 7: e is the movable
tool which also acts as a mandril during the welding and consolidating process,
the said combined tool and mandril having the form best seen in end elevation
and side elevation in Figures 8 and 9.
It will be seen that the convex face of the lower tool is presented to the concave
face of the upper tool.
The movable tool e is carried by the upright f secured to the top of the hydraulic
ram working in the hydraulic cylinder the said ram being guided in its motion
by the guide rods i, i working through eyes k, k in the cover of the hydraulic
cylinder is the pump by which the pressure water is pumped into the cylinder h
for operating the ram gas is well understood.
In effecting the welding of the end of the pipe a to the separate socket b and
consolidating the joint the end of the pipe and the smaller end of the socket are
raised to a welding heat and placed upon the movable, die and mandril e as
represented in Figure 4 so that the combined die and mandril is situated within
the end of the pipe and socket, the length of pipe outside the machine being
supported and capable of being raised and lowered as the movable die is raised
and lowered by a chain passing over a pulley. The movable welding or compressing
tool e being raised the end of the heated pipe and heated socket are pressed several
times against the fixed upper tool d the pipe and socket being turned through a
portion of a circle after each pressing operation.
By thus pressing the heated end of the pipe and socket between the two tools d
and e and changing the position of the pipe and socket with respect to the two tools
so as to cause them to act upon all parts of the socket the smaller end of the socket
is welded to and compressed upon the end of the pipe a and at the same time the
narrow end of the socket is elongated on the end of the pipe so as to reduce the
double thickness of the metal at the junction of the pipe with the socket as repre-
sented in Figures 3 and 5. When a scarf joint is used as represented in Figure 2
the junction of the two parts is reduced and the- metal drawn into the pipe by the
welding and consolidating process.
The positions of the two dies or tools may be reversed, that is, the lower die may
be the fixed die and the upper die the movable die.

page_text: Although I prefer to use hydraulic pressure for effecting the welding and con-
solidating operation as described and illustrated yet the movable tool may be worked
by steam or other pressure.
During the making of the separate socket in the ways hereinbefore described a
recess may be formed in the mouth of its enlarged end or socket proper for receiving
a lead or other packing used in connecting the plain end of one pipe to the socket
end of the adjacent pipe..
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven-
tion and the manner in which the same is to be performed I declare that I claim
as my invention of "Improvements in the manufacture of wrought iron or steel
socket pipes for conveying water, liquids steam and gases :-
Connecting the separate socket to the end of the wrought iron or steel pipe so as
to convert it into a socket pipe by a welding and consolidating or compressing process
conducted in the manner and by the use of a pair of dies or tools of the kind herein-
before described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings the movable die or tool
of the said pair of dies or tools being operated preferably by hydraulic pressure as
described and illustrated.
Dated the Savanth day of Wahu 1000