CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN HYDRAULIC PRESSES AND PUMPS
Year: 1834

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PETER
ROTHWELL JACKSON, of Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of Lancaster, Engi-
neer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present Majesty King William the Fourth, by His Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Sixth day of November now last
past, did give and grant unto me, the said Peter Rothwell Jackson, His
especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said
Peter Rothwell Jackson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Peter Rothwell Jackson, my executors, administrators,
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term of years therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales,
and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HYDRAULIC PRESSES AND PUMPS;" in which said Letters Patent there
is contained a proviso obliging me, the said Peter Rothwell Jackson, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and
ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, and to cause the same to be inrolled in His said Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately

page_text: after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereto had, may more fully appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Peter Rothwell Jackson, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly
described and ascertained by the Drawings hereunto annexed, and the
following description thereof; that is to say:-
My Improvements in Hydraulic Presses and Pumps apply to that con-
struction of machinery or apparatus commonly called or known by the
name of Bramah's hydraulic press, and consist, in the first instance, in a
peculiar manner of forming or constructing the cylinder in which the piston or
ram acts for the purpose of producing the pressing power; and, secondly, in
the adaptation of two pistons in the cylinder of the forcing pump, by the joint
action of which the water is injected into the cylinder of the press.
Into
In the accompanying Drawings Figure 1 represents the improved hydraulic
press in elevation, with the injecting pump, also in elevation, connected thereto
by a tube in the ordinary way; Figure 2 is a sectional elevation of the press,
shewing its internal construction; Figure 3 is a Plan or horizontal section of
the press, taken near the bottom of the cylinder, and Figure 4 is a section
taken in the same direction above the top of the cylinder, the similar letters of
reference pointing out the same parts in these four Figures. A is a solid
block of cast iron, constituting the base or foundation of the press.
notches or recesses in the sides of this block the lower parts of the standards
or tension shafts B, B, B, are inserted, having shoulders which bear against
the under surface of the block. A similar block C is connected in the same
way to the upper parts of the standards or tension shafts B, B, B, which
together constitute the frame of the press. These standards or shafts being
difficult to manufacture in a sound state when of large dimensions, they may
be made by combining several rods of wrought iron together. The cylinder
D, D, is formed of metal turned and bored to its true figure (and which
cylinder I prefer to line with sheet copper); in order to give strength to
the cylinder I embrace it with a hoop or hoops E, E, E, E, made of
wrought iron, or steel, or any other suitable material; and when I find it
desirable to employ more than one series of hoops in order to give addi-
tional strength to the cylinder, I place another series, of hoops on the outside
of the first series, in such a way that one hoop may cover the joints or june-
tions of the two other hoops which are contiguous to it, as will be perceived by
reference to the sectional representation of the cylinder in Figure 2. The
upper part of the cylinder and of the hoops is embraced by a cap-piece shewn

page_text: at F, F, F, in Figure 4, which is keyed up tight against the standards or
shafts B by wedges G, G, G, which thereby forms a stay to prevent the
cylinder being forced out of its erect position. The stability of the cylinder is
further obtained by passing a strap of metal H, H, H, round the outer part of
the standard or shafts B, see Figures 1 and 4, which, being held together by
half-lap joints and screws, keeps the whole firm. In order to prevent the
cylinder being raised from its seat by the action of the piston or ram, I fix a
collar or nib I upon each of the standards, and pass a wedge key between
the collar and the top of the cap piece, as shewn at Figures 1 and 2, which
prevents the possibility of either the cap piece or the cylinder rising. This
last-mentioned object may, however, be obtained by perpendicular bolts
extending from the base block, or by other means. In order that the lower
end of the cylinder D, D, which is in connection with the base block A may
be perfectly water-tight at the junction, I introduce a collar of leather or of
metallic packing, as shewn in Figure 2. But this packing may be dispensed
with by turning the bottom edge of the lining of the cylinder inward as a
flange. The ram or piston is shewn at K, in Figure 1 and 2, being of a cylin
drical form, and may be either solid or hollow, as the manufacturer shall
consider most desirable. At the upper end of the piston is fixed the plate or
follower L, on which the goods M, M, M, are placed to be pressed. The
lower end of the piston must be packed round its edge next the cylinder by a
collar of leather, or ring of metal, which may be supported by cross arms J, J,
as shewn, in order to make the joints water-tight. The water by which this
piston is raised must be injected into the cylinder by the force pump N,
through the pipe or tube 0, 0, 0, the operation of which is well understood.
I now procced to describe the peculiar construction of the forcing pump.
Figure 5 is a plan or horizontal view of the improved pump; Figure 6 is a
longitudinal section of the same in elevation, and Figure 7 is a transverse
section in elevation, taken through the centre of the pump, the respective
letters pointing out the same parts in these last-mentioned Figures. a, a, a, a,
is the cistern containing water; b, the tube which conveys the water up to.
the pump, commonly called the suction pipe; c, the barrel of the pump; and
d, d, two pistons working horizontally in opposite directions in the barrel,
through stuffing boxes, or packed by a ring of metal or collar of leather. At
the end of each piston, as described in reference to the piston of the press,
Figure 2, the admission or foot valve e works in a socket at the under part of
the pump barrel, and the exit valve f works in another socket at the upper
part of the pump barrel, opening and closing the passage g, which communi-
cates with the pipe or tube 0, 0, 0, leading to the cylinder of the press

page_text: described in reference to Figures 1 and 2. Rotary motion may be applied
through a pinion and wheel (h and i, Figure 1) to the crank shaft k, k, of the
pump, Figure 5, which will cause the crank rods and m, m, connected to
sliding carriages n and o, to work the pistons d, d, to and fro in opposite direc-
tions. These sliding carriages move upon plates having either flanges on their
side to guide the carriage, or V-formed grooves on the bottoms of the carriages
and on the plates, or any other suitable contrivance to keep the movements of
the carriages in right lines. The receding movement of the pistons produce
the partial vacuum in the barrel which causes the water to flow in from the
cistern below through the valve e, their approximating movement expressing
the water so admitted through the aperture 9, and through the pipe o leading
to the cylinders of the press described above. A safety valve p, Figure 7,
opens a communication for the escape of water when the pressure becomes too
great, which valve is kept down by a weighted lever 7, shewn in Figure 5.
When it is desired to discharge the water from the press, the screw valve ris
raised, which allows the water immediately to flow through the passages back
into the cistern.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Rothwell Jackson, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Second day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-five.
PETER ROTHWELL (L.S.) JACKSON.
. R. JACKSON, a Master
traordinary in Chancery.
PETER ROTHWELL
WELL (L.S.
JACKSON.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Second day of May, in the
year above mentioned, the aforesaid Peter Rothwell Jackson came before our
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid,
and all and every thing therein contained, in form above written. And also
the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute
in that case made and provided.