Folding, and Joining Sheet Metal.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Oct., 1886
Complete Left, 10th Aug., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 11th Oct., 1887
Folding, and Joining Sheet Metal.
I, DANIEL SMITH, Junior, of Raglan Street, Wolverhampton in the County of
Stafford, engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention comprises means and appliances for (1) edging sheet metal ;
(2) folding sheet metal; and (3) joining the edges of two adjacent sheets of incial.
The means employed, according to one modification of this invention, for edging
sheet metal at right angles to the plane of the sheet, comprise the following operations,
namely, (a) forcing down the sheet from a support carrying the side or end to be
edged, so as to produce the line of bend with the edge slanting upwards therefrom
at an obtuse angle, and (b) tightly gripping such sheet and at one operation forcing
the partially turned up edge into a position at right angles to the plane of the sheet.
The tools for this purpose consist of (a) a vertically-moving, pressing-down and
gripping tool, (b) a bottom fixed tool, and (c) a horizontally-moving tool having
rebated front edge. When the vertically-moving tool is raised the sheet is pushed
between it and the bottom tool, with the side or end to be edged against the vertical
face of the rebate in the horizontally-moving tool as a gauge. The vertically-moving
tool then descends and carries down the sheet metal, but the front edge of the
horizontally-moving tool is back somewhat from the back face of the vertically-moving
tool, and thus the supported edge of the sheet is drawn over the front corner of the
rebate into a position slanting up from the back edge of such tool against the front of
the horizontally-moving tool. The vertically-moving tool is then held down upon the
sheet, and the horizontally-moving tool moved forwards so as to press the partially
turned up edge of the sheet flat against the back face of the vertically-moving tool
and consequently at right angles to the plane of the sheet.
at
The means employed, according to a further modification of this invention, for
edging sheet metal at right angles to the plane of the sheet, comprise the following
operations, namely, (a) firmly holding the sheet between suitable tools, with the side

page_text: or end to be edged projecting for the necessary distance beyond the lower back edge
of the upper tool, (b) bending such edge at one operation at an obtuse angle with the
plane of the sheet, by means of a tool advancing thereagainst in the direction of
the plane of the sheet, and (c) while the sheet is still firmly held in place, forcing the
partially turned-up edge into a position at right angles to the plane of the sheet.
The tools for this purpose consist of, (a) a vertically-moving top tool projecting at its
back face beyond (b) a fixed bottom tool, (c) a horizontally-moving tool having a
slanting face rising from a horizontally-projecting part capable of being moved under
the projecting part of the top tool, and (d) a hinged or other movable part, in com-
bination with the horizontally-moving tool, capable of being placed thereupon so as to
present a vertical face rising from the horizontally-projecting part in lieu of the
slanting face aforesaid. When the vertically-moving tool is raised the sheet to be
edged is pushed between such tool and bottom tool with the margin to be turned up
or edged projecting beyond the back face of the vertically-moving tool, and is then
firmly held between these tools while the horizontally-moving tool is brought forward
with its projecting part underneath the sheet, and with its slanting face pressing
against the edge of the sheet so that such edge is turned up into an inclined position
by the forward movement of the tool. The horizontally-moving tool is then moved
back, and the hinged or other movable part thereon is closed down, and the tool again
advanced against the partially turned-up edge, which is thus completed.
The back face of the vertically-moving tool, and the part of the front face of the
horizontally-moving tool, for completing the edging of the sheet according to either
modification above described, may be shaped to any required form in section, to suit
any desired form of edging.
The means employed, according to one modification of this invention, for folding
edges of sheet metal, comprise the following operations; namely, (a) forcing down the
sheet metal from a support, in the manner and for the purpose before-described, and
(b) tightly gripping such sheet, and at one operation forcing back the partially turned-
up edge over the edge of a thin tool in position immediately over or upon the flat part
of the sheet. The tools for this purpose consist of, (a) a vertically-moving pressing-
down and gripping tool, (b) a vertically-moving pressing-down tool at the back face
of the combined pressing-down and gripping tool, (c) a fixed bottom gripping tool,
(d) a horizontally-moving tool having a rebated front edge, a grooved part below such
edge, and a forwardly projecting part below such grooved part, and (e) a steel or other
hard metal sheet or thin plate fixed to the combined pressing-down and gripping tool,
and in position immediately under the bottom face of such tool, and with its backward
edge projecting beyond the back face of the said combined tool for a distance not
less than the intended width of the folded edge. The two pressing-down tools
descend together to carry down the sheet metal so as to produce the initial bend.
The hard metal sheet or thin plate, over the edge of which the metal is afterwards
folded, presses immediately upon the sheet metal to carry it down, and the pressing-
down tool at the back of the combined pressing-down and gripping tool bears upon
the projecting edge of such sheet or thin plate to support it in carrying down the
sheet metal. Such sheet or plate is held tightly down upon the sheet metal to be
folded, by means of the combined pressing-down and gripping tool, while the
vertically-moving tool at the back of such last-mentioned tool is raised, and the
horizontally-moving tool brought forwards against the edge of the sheet to be folded
over. The projecting part of such horizontally-moving tool passes under the shect
metal to be folded, so as to act as a support to such metal, and to the projecting part
of the sheet or plate around which the edge is to be folded; and the groove in the
face of the horizontally-moving tool operates to complete the partially folded edge by
bending it over the upper side of the sheet or plate around which the fold is made.
The means employed, according to a further modification of this invention, for
folding edges of sheet metal, comprise the following operations, namely, (a) tightly
gripping such sheet between upper and lower gripping tools, with the edge to be
folded projecting the necessary distance beyond the back edge of the upper tool, and
then at one operation giving an initial bend or curl to such edge, and (b) finally,

page_text: pressing down such initially-bent or curled edge over and along the edge of a thin
tool in position immediately over or upon the flat part of the sheet. The tools for this
purpose consist of (a) a vertically-moving top gripping tool, (b) a fixed bottom
gripping tool, (c) a horizontally-moving tool, having a grooved curling part, and a
forwardly-projecting part below such grooved part, and (d) a steel or other hard metal
sheet or thin plate fixed to the top gripping tool in the manner of, and for a similar
purpose to, that described with reference to the last preceding modification. The
sheet, of which an edge is to be folded, is first gripped by the gripping tools, having
the tool composed of a thin plate between them; the horizontally-moving tool is then
advanced, and gives the initial bend or curl to the edge of the sheet. This last-
mentioned tool is then moved backwards, and the pressing-down tool is caused to
descend to complete the fold.
The folding may be effected, according to the first modification described for the
purpose, when an edge has been previously curled, or curled and wired, as is some-
times required, especially in the construction of a plain description of trunk known as
aplain wired trunk."
In the modifications above described for giving an initial bend to the edge of a sheet
in the process of edging or folding such edge, in cases where the sheet metal is drawn
down over a rebated edge in the horizontally-moving tool, there is a liability of such
edge to wear, and the upper part of such tool may be made of steel, which will not
only better stand the wear, but can also be replaced without renewing the whole of
the tool.
The first modification described, according to this invention, for folding a sheet
metal edge, may be modified by omitting the projecting part (for supporting the sheet.
metal) from the horizontally-moving tool, and, in lieu thereof, providing a block or
bed upon which such sheet bears, and instead of forming a groove in such tool,
forming simply an undercut part for completing the fold; and this modification may
be used in combination with a vertically-moving pressing-down tool at the back of the
combined pressing-down and gripping tool, shaped so as not only to carry down the
metal in giving the initial bend, but also to operate, by a second movement, in joining
together or grooving two adjacent sheets. For this purpose such tool has a projecting
rim along its lower back edge, and the grooving is effected after the edge of a sheet
has been folded, by drawing back the thin steel or other hard metal plate or sheet,
aforesaid, slightly raising the combined pressing-down and gripping tool, then drawing
back sufficiently the steel or other hard metal sheet or thin plate, tightening up again
the gripping tool, and then interlocking the folded edge of a second sheet with the
sheet which is held in the machine, and bringing down the grooving tool to complete
the joint.
The various tools above-described may be carried in the machine described in the
specification of an invention entitled, "Improvements in machinery employed in the
manufacture of sheet metal travelling trunks, and cash, deed, and other boxes, and
other receptacles," for which I received Letters Patent dated 28th March 1885 and
numbered 3959; and this adaptability of the tools to such machine constitutes an
important feature of this invention. Several of the tools, such for instance as the
gripping tools, are the same in two or more of the modifications. The gripping tools
described in my said former specification may be employed as the gripping tools employed
according to this invention, but, in the case of the upper gripping tool described in this
specification as projecting at the back beyond the lower gripping tool, the projecting part
may be fixed to the other part so as to be readily removable therefrom; and, generally,
the tools described according to this invention may be operated in a similar manner to
the tools described in my said former specification which move in a corresponding manner.
Each separate part of the processes herein before described may be performed at one
operation, as described, in all cases in which the edge to be edged, folded, or joined, is of
a convenient length for the tools; but, for the purpose of similarly operating on greater
lengths of edge, the machine in which the tools are carried may be made open-ended,
so that the sheet may be moved along the tools to be operated upon twice, or more
times, for the one length of edge. In such cases, the levers operating the vertically-

page_text: moving tool or tools may be cranked up, or the fulcrums raised, so that the links by
which they are connected with the tools, or with blocks carrying the tools, may be
clear of the open ends of the machine, or other suitable arrangements may be inade to
allow of the open ends.
The means employed, according to one modification of this invention, for joining
together metal sheets at right angles to one another, consist of mechanical appliances
for imitating the operations usually performed by hand. These mechanical appliances
consist of (a) a bed supporting a forwardly projecting arm which carries a hammer
head in slides at its outer end, and which also supports a lever and cam and other
mechanism by which such hammer is operated after the manner of a planishing
hammer. The fulcrum of the lever is made adjustable (by means of treadle mechanism
or otherwise) so as to vary the position to which the hammer head descends in striking
a blow. On the bed, aforesaid, are carried two sliding saddles one on each side of
the arm, aforesaid, and an arm projects forward from each saddle, and is pivoted
thereto, and geared therewith, by means of a worm and wheel, or other suitable
appliance, so that the outer ends of the arms may be moved to any desired posi-
tion laterally. The two saddles are also geared, by means of screws or otherwise, so
as to be capable of being readily advanced to or moved away from one another. On
the outer end of each arm, aforesaid is fixed, so as to be removable therefrom, a
secondary arm, at, or about at, right angles thereto in a direction towards the
corresponding arm. The inner ends of the two secondary arms, consequently, approach
each other. On the end of one of such secondary arms is carried a circular anvil block
with its axis vertical, and which may be capable of revolving upon the end of such
arm, if desired. On the end of the other secondary arm is carried, so as to revolve
readily thereon, a roller having a vertical axis. The hammer is formed with a flat
face, except for a ridge or doubly-inclined face projecting from the centre and extend-
ing from front to back. The interlocked edges of two sheets to be joined together at
right angles are brought, first, under one of the inclined faces of the hammer, by
passing the one sheet over the anvil block and the other one between the periphery
thereof and the roller, and in position with the interlocked edges standing up vertically.
As the machine is operated, the sheets are pushed along gradually between the anvil
block and roller, and over the anvil, respectively, and the repeated blows of the hammer
thus give an initial bend along the whole length of the joint. The two arms, aforesaid,
and consequently with them also the secondary arms with the anvil block and roller
thereon, are then moved slightly sideways so as to bring the joint under a flat part of
the hammer, by which means the further operation of the hammer flattens down and
completes the joint. The roller acts not only as a guide to the sheets, but also assists
in preventing bulging out of the vertical sheet near the joint. The appliance described,
according to this modification of my invention, is more especially intended for
joining the ends to the sides and bottoms of travelling trunks and similar articles.
In these cases, one side and part of the bottom of the trunk (or similar article) is
joined up to the end in the manner previously described according to this modification,
as the arrangement of secondary arms allows the trunk to be turned around the anvil
block to bring both one side and the bottom under the operation of the hammer. The
anvil block and roller are then interchanged for one another, so as to change the
machine from right to left hand, or vice versa, and the other side and part of the
bottom of the trunk are then operated upon to complete the joint with the end. The
arm carrying the roller is moved out to clear the roller from any moulding or other
projection occurring in the line of joint. The top of the roller is below the level of
the top of the anvil block to allow for the ridge or doubly-inclined face of the hammer.
Each secondary arm has to pass inside the trunk, and different sizes of arms may be
used as may be required for varying sizes of trunks. The anvil block is made of a
diameter to suit the corners of the trunk or other article. The hammer face may be
formed one-sided only for use in cases where it is not desired to use the machine both
right and left handed; and, in any case, it is not essential to employ the roller in
combination with the anvil, as the work may be held up to the anvil sideways by
hand.

page_text: According to a further modification of this invention for joining together metal
sheets at right angles to one another, a pressing tool may be employed, in lieu of the
hammer described, operating in combination with a suitable anvil. The pressing-tool
has an inclined face thereunder to produce the initial bend, and a flat face, at the
base of such inclined face, to complete the joint; and such tool may be held in a
direction towards the vertical face of the anvil, by means of a spring or equivalent
means (or the anvil may be correspondingly held towards the inclined face of the
hammer) so that upon sufficient pressure it may yield outwards, after producing the
initial bend, and allow the flat face to bear upon the interlocked parts of the sheets to
flatten down or complete the joint. Two or more of these pairs of tools may be
employed in combination.
Dated this Ninth day of October 1886
STEPHEN WATKINS,
Wolverhampton and Walsall,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Means of and Tools or Appliances for Edging,
Folding, and Joining Sheet Metal.
I, DANIEL SMITH, Junior, of Raglan Street, Wolverhampton in the County of
Stafford, engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention comprises means and appliances for (1), edging sheet metal,
(2) folding sheet metal; and (3) joining the edges of two adjacent sheets of metal.
The means employed according to one modification of this invention for edging
sheet metal at right angles to the plane of the sheet, comprise the following operations,
namely, (a) forcing down the sheet from a support carrying the side or end to be
edged so as to produce the line of bend with the edge slanting upwards therefrom at
an obtuse angle, and (b). tightly gripping such sheet and at one operation forcing the
partially turned up edge into a position at right angles to the plane of the sheet.
This part of my invention will be readily understood on reference to the drawings
on sheet 1 herewith. Sufficient only of the parts are shewn to make the invention
clear. The same letters of reference occurring throughout the several views indicate
"corresponding parts.
L
A is a vertically moving tool. B is a vertically moving pressing down tool at the
back of the tool A. is a bottom fixed tool. D) is a horizontally moving tool. E is
packing piece similar to the packing piece described in the specification of my
patent No. 3959 of 1885 and for the same purpose. The vertically moving tools
A and B are first raised as shewn by figure 1 and the sheet is pushed between them
and the bottom tool C with the side or end to be edged against the vertical face of a
rebate a in the horizontally moving tool D. The tool A then descends and grips the
sheet as shewn by figure 2, after which the tool B descends and forces down the
sheet over the front edge of the rebate a as shewn at figure 3. The horizontally
moving tool D is then drawn backwards and is drawn forwards again and presses the
partially turned up edge of the sheet flat against the back face of the tool 13 as shewn
at figure 4. When the tool A grips the sheet as shewn at figure 2 such sheet is not
marked on account of the elasticity of the sheet metal.
The means employed according to a further modification of this invention, for
edging sheet metal at right angles to the plane of the sheet comprise the following
operations, namely, (a) firmly holding the sheet between suitable tools with the side or
end to be edged projecting for the necessary distance beyond the lower back edge of
the upper tool, () bending such edge at one operation at an obtuse angle with the
plane of the sheet by means of a tool advancing thereagainst in the direction of the
plane of the sheet, and, (c) while the sheet is still firmly held in place forcing the
partially turned up edge into a position at right angles to the plane of the sheet. This
modification will be readily understood on reference to the drawings on sheet 2
herewith. The parts corresponding to those on sheet 1 are correspondingly lettered.

page_text: The horizontally moving tool D has a slanting face and a forwardly projecting
partc which passes under the sheet.
When the vertically moving tools A and B are raised the sheet to be edged is
pushed between such tools and the bottom tool C with the margin to be turned up or
edged projecting beyond the back face of the tool B as shown by figure 5. The
horizontally moving tool D is then drawn forwards with its projecting part underneath
the sheet and with its slanting face pressing against the edge of the sheet so that such
edge is turned up into the position shewn by figure 6 by the forward movement of
the tool 1). The tool D is then drawn back and a block F hinged at the back of the
tool D is closed down as shewn by figure 7, and the tool D, and consequently also the
block F is advanced against the partially turned up edge which is thus completed as
shewn at figure 8.
It is evident in this modification that the tools A and B may be made in one if
desired.
The back face of the vertically moving tool B and the front face of the horizontally
moving tool D according to either modification above described may be shaped to any
required form in section to suit any desired form of edging such as shewn by
figures 12 a and 13 a sheet 3.
The means employed according to one modification of this invention, for folding
edges of sheet metal comprise the following operations, namely, (a) forcing down the
sheet metal from a support, in the manner and for the purpose before described,
and, () tightly gripping such sheet and at one operation forcing back the partially
turned up edge over the edge of a thin tool in position immediately over or upon the
flat part of the sheet. The tools employed for this purpose consist of (a) a vertically-
moving pressing down and gripping tool (b) a vertically moving pressing down tool
at the back face of the combined pressing down and gripping tool, (c) a fixed bottom
gripping tool, (d) a horizontally moving tool having a rebated front edge, a grooved
part below such edge and a forwardly projecting part below such grooved part,
and (e) a steel or other hard metal sheet or thin plate fixed to the combined pressing
down and gripping tool, and in position immediately under the bottom face of such
tool and with its backward edge projecting beyond the back face of the said combined
tool for a distance not less than the intended width of the folded edge. This part of
my invention will be realily understood on reference to the drawings on sheet 3
herewith. Parts corresponding to those on the previous sheets are similarly lettered.
d is the hard metal plate or thin sheet which is fixed to the bottom of the tool A, but
so as to be removable therefrom.
The vertically moving tools A and B are first raised and the sheet to be folded is
placed between such tools and the bottom tool C with the side or end to be folded
against the vertical face of the rebate a in the horizontally moving tool D. The
pressing tools A and B descend together to carry down the sheet metal. The hard
metal sheet or thin plate & presses immediately upon the sheet to carry it down and
the tool B bears upon the projecting edge of the plate d to support it in carrying
down the sheet metal. Figure 9 shews the vertically moving tools A and B raised
and the sheet to be folded against the rebate a. The vertically moving tool B is next
raised as shewn by figure 10 and the tool D is brought forwards against the edge of
the sheet to be folded over. The projecting part of the tool D passes under the
sheet metal to be folded, so as to act as a support to such metal and to the projecting
part of the thin plate d; and the groove in the face of the horizontally moving tool
operates to complete the partially folded edge by bending it over the upper side of
the thin plate or sheet d as shewn by figure 11.
The tools described according to the last modification may be used for edging a
sheet also if desired. This will be readily understood on reference to figure 12
sheet 3 of the accompanying drawings. After the initial bend is given to the sheet
as shewn by figure 10 the pressing down tool B remains upon the thin plate ( whilst
the horizontally moving tool D is drawn forwards so as to press the partially turned
up edge of the sheet flat against the back face of the tool B and consequently at right
angles to the plane of the sheet as shewn by figure 12.

page_text: The means employed according to a further modification of this invention for
folding edges of sheet metal comprise the following operations, namely, (a) tightly
gripping such sheet between upper and lower gripping tools, with the edge to be
folded projecting the necessary distance beyond the back edge of the upper tool, and
then at one operation giving an initial bend or curl to such edge, and (b) finally
pressing such initially bent or curled edge over and along the edge of a thin tool in
position immediately over or upon the flat part of the sheet. This part of my
invention is clearly shewn by the drawings on sheet 4 herewith. Parts corresponding
to those in the previous modifications are similarly lettered. The sheet of which an
edge is to be folded is first gripped by the tools A and B which descend together as
shewn at figure 13. The tool D then advances and gives an initial bend or curl to
the sheet as shewn by figure 14. The tool B is then raised clear of the sheet and the
tool D advances again and gives a further curl to such sheet as shewn by figure 15
after which the tool D is drawn back again. The tool B again descends and completes
the fold by bending the sheet over the edge of the plate as shewn at figure 16.
In the modifications above described for giving an initial bend to the edge of a
sheet in the process of edging or folding such edge in cases where the sheet metal is
drawn down over a rebated edge in the horizontally moving tool such edges wear, and
the upper part of such tool may be made of steel which will not only better stand the
wear, but can also be replaced without renewing the whole of the tool.
The first modification described according to this invention for folding a sheet metal
edge may be modified by omitting the projecting part e, for supporting the sheet metal,
from the horizontally moving tool D, and in lieu thereof providing a block or bed
upon which such sheet bears, and instead of forming a groove in such tool, forming
simply an undercut part for completing the fold; -and-this modification may be used.
in combination with a vertically moving pressing down tool at the back of the com-
bined pressing down and gripping tool, shaped so as not only to carry down the metal
in giving the initial bend, but also to operate, by a second movement in joining
together or grooving two adjacent sheets. This part of my invention is fully illustrated
on sheet 5 of the drawings herewith. Parts corresponding to parts on the previous
sheets are similarly lettered.
The tool B has a projecting rimi along its lower back edge. The edging and
folding are fully shewn by figures 17 and 18, the operation being the same as the
modifications described with reference to figures 9, 10, 11-and 12. The grooving is
effected after the edge of a sheet has been folded by slightly raising the tool A then
drawing back sufficiently the plate d (by means of the knob j), tightening up again
the gripping tool A and then interlocking the folded edge of a second sheet a² with
the sheet which is held in the machine as shewn hy figure 19; and finally bringing
down the tool B to complete the joint as shewn at figure 20. The front edge of the
sheet which is held in the machine is against a gauge (not shown) to prevent such
sheet being drawn back with the plate d. When it is desired to edge or fold a sheet
at right angles to a side already edged or folded notches may be cut at intervals across
the tools and the edged or folded edge may lie in one of these notches.
The various tools above described may be carried in the machine described in the
specification of my patent before referred to; and this adaptability of the tools to such
machine constitutes an important feature of this invention. Several of the tools such
for instance as the gripping tools, are the same in two or more modifications. The
gripping tools described in my said former specification may be employed as the
gripping tools employed according to this invention, but in the case of the upper
gripping tool described in this specification as having the loose strip d thereunder,
such loose piece may be fixed to the upper tool so as to be readily removable therefrom,
and, generally, the tools described according to this invention may be operated in a
similar manner to the tools described in my said former specification which move in a
corresponding manner. Each separate part of the processes hereinbefore described
may be performed at one operation, as described, in all cases in which the edge to be
edged, folded or joined is of a convenient length for the tools; but, for the purpose
of similarly operating on greater lengths of edge, the machine in which the tools are

page_text: carried may be made open-ended, so that the sheet may be moved along the tools to
be operated upon twice, or more times, for the one length of edge. In such cases the
levers operating the vertically moving tool or tools may be cranked up, or the fulcrums
raised, so that the links by which they are connected with the tools, or with the blocks
carrying the tools, may be clear of the open ends of the machine; or other suitable
arrangements may be made to allow of the open ends.
The modifications before-described and shown by the drawings are only intended for
straight work but it is obvious that the rounded edges and corners of a trunk (or
similar article) may be readily operated upon by giving such curvature to the tools
that will conform to the edge of the sheet to be edged or folded.
For convenience of illustration the tools described in the above modifications are
shewn with the sheet metal inserted horizontally; but the machine may be set on the
incline if preferred.
The means employed according to one modification of this invention, for joining
together metal sheets at right angles to one another consist of mechanical appliances
for imitating the operations usually performed by hand. This part of my invention is
fully shewn by the drawings on sheets 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 herewith. Figure 21 is a
front elevation, figure 22 a plan partly in section, figure 23 a section taken on lino xx
of figure 22 and figure 24 a section taken on line y y of figure 23. Figure 25 will be
described later on. F is a bed supporting a forwardly projecting arm G. H H are
sliding saddles on each side of the arm G. An arm J projects forwards from each
saddle. These arms are pivoted to the saddles by means of pins kk. KK are tangent
screws gearing into segments of wheels formed on the ends of the arms J (sce specially
figure 22). are rods fixed to the tangent screws. The outer ends of the arms JJ
may be moved to any desired position laterally by turning the rods 11 by means of a
spanner or key. The saddles H H are caused to slide along the bed by means of
screws L L, and they may thus be readily advanced or moved away from one another.
On the outer ends of the arms J J are fixed secondary arms M M. These secondary
arms M M are secured to the arms J J by means of bolts m m so as to be removable
therefrom. On one of the secondary arms is carried a circular anvil block or roller N.
On the end of the other secondary arm is carried, so as to revolve thereon, an anvil
block or roller O. P is a hammer and is formed with a flat face except for a ridge or
doubly inclined face n extending from front to back thereof. QQ are a pair of fast
and loose pullies which impart motion to a disc R keyed to a shaft S. T is a rocking-
bar the end of which fits into a slot in the hammer P, and is connected to such hammer
by means of a pin p. 7 is a packing piece in the slot (see figure 23) and when the
end of the rocking bar 1 becomes worn this packing piece is tightened down against
the end of the rocking bar T by means of a set pin and lock nut ». U is a block
fitting loosely on the rocking-bar T. o o are trunnions on such block which fit into
an open ended frame V. The mechanism for adjusting this fulcrum is shewn specially
by figures 23 and 25. Figure 25 is a section taken on line ¹¹ of figure 23. W is
an excentric shaft immediately over the top of the frame V and s is the excentric.
On the outer end of the shaft W is keyed a crank t, and on the other end of such
crank is connected a rod X. To the lower end of the rod X is screwed a jaw Y, and
a treadle-plate Z is connected to such jaw. The plate Z is fulcrumed at u to a stand v.
This stand may be turned in any position to suit the operator. When the machine is
at work the operator keeps his foot upon the treadle Z, but immediately the operator
raises his foot off the treadle the excentric is caused to revolve by means of a weight B¹
on the end of the crank t, and a spring y raises the fulcrum of the hammer and thereby
prevents the hammer head striking on the work. A is a block capable of sliding on
the rocking-bar T. The lower end of this block fits around the crank-pin w (see
broken line figure 23).
The operation of the machine is as follows:-The interlocked edges of two sheets to
be joined together at right angles are brought first, under one of the inclined faces of
the hammer, by passing the one sheet over the anvil block or roller N and the other
one between the periphery thereof and the anvil block or roller 0 (see figure 21) in
B

page_text: position with the interlocked edges standing up vertically. As the machine is operated
the sheets are pushed along gradually between the anvil block and roller and over the
anvil respectively, and the repeated blows of the hammer thus give an initial bend
along the whole length of the joint. The arms J J and consequently with them also
the arms M M with the anvil block N and roller O thereon are then moved slightly
sideways so as to bring the joint under a flat part of the hammer, by which means the
further operation of the hammer flattens down and completes the joint. The roller O
acts not only as a guide to the sheets, but also assists in preventing bulging out
of the vertical sheet near the joint. The appliance described according to this modifi-
cation of my invention is more specially intended for joining the ends to the sides
and bottoms of travelling trunks and similar articles. In these cases, one side and
part of the bottom of the trunk (or similar article) is joined up to the end in the
manner previously described according to this modification as the arrangement of
secondary arms allows the trunk to be turned around the anvil block to bring both one
side and the bottom under the operation of the hammer. The anvil block and roller
are then interchanged for one another, so as to change the machine from right to left
hand or vice-versa, and the other side and part of the bottom of the trunk (or similar
article) are then operated upon to complete the joint with the end. The arm carrying
the roller is moved out to clear the roller from any moulding or other projection
occurring in the line of joint. The top of the roller Ŏ is below the level of the top of
the anvil block N to allow for the ridge n of the hammer. Each secondary arm M
has to pass inside the trunk and different sizes of arms may be used as required for
varying sizes of trunks. The hammer face may be formed one sided only for use in
cases where it is not desired to use the machine both right and left handed, and, in
any case, it is not essential to employ the roller in combination with the-anvil, as the
work may be held up to the anvil sideways by hand.
According to a further modification of this invention for joining together metal
sheets at right angles to one another pressing tools may be employed operating in
combination with suitable anvils. This part of my invention will be readily under-
stood on reference to figure 26 sheet 10 of the accompanying drawings. C¹Care
pressing down tools having inclined faces a' a' thereunder to produce the initial bend
and flat faces to complete the joint. D' D' are anvils. The tools (₁ are
hinged to a bar E¹. G' G₁ are extension springs connected to, the tools C C¹ and to
a centre piece F of the bar E respectively. When pressure is put upon the
tools C¹the inclined faces a¹ a¹ bear upon the interlocked parts of the sheets and
produce the initial bend and upon more pressure being applied the tools C₁ C₁ will
yield outwards and allow the flat faces to bear upon the interlocked parts of the
sheets and thus flatten down or complete the joint. When it is desired to edge one
side or end only of a trunk (or other article) one of the tools C¹ may simply be
disconnected from the bar E¹.
According to this part of my invention two sides and one end of a plain trunk (or
similar article) may be joined to the bottom at one operation. This may be readily
done by connecting another tool similar to the tools C₁C to the bar E' in exactly the
same manner and with a spring similar to G' connected to the centre piece F¹ as will
be readily understood. Another anvil similar to D' D¹ would of course be employed
or such anvil may be fixed in between D¹ D¹.
The mechanism last described may be readily operated in a cutting out press, or
similar press, and the bar E¹ be connected to the slide of such press.
In the last two modifications described for joining together the interlocked edges of
metal sheets the tools may be made of such form to suit any shape or curvature of
the trunk (or similar article).
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The tools A. B. C and D acting together to edge a sheet substantially as described
and shewn by the drawings on sheet 1 herewith.

page_text: 2. The tool D acting in combination with the tool B to compress the turned up
edge of the sheet, substantially as described and shewn by the drawings on sheet 1
herewith.
3. The combination of the tools A, C, D, and B (when B is not formed in one
piece with A) and block F, substantially as described and shewn by the drawings on
sheet 2 herewith.
4. The inclined face b, tool B, and hinged block F, substantially as described and
shewn by the drawings on sheet 2, and for the purpose set forth.
5. Edging a sheet substantially as described and shewn by figures 9 and 12 of the
drawings on sheet 3 herewith.
6. Folding a sheet substantially as described and shewn by figures 9, 10 and 11 of
the drawings on sheet 3 herewith.
7. The tool B descending with the tool A for the purpose of supporting the thin
plate din breaking down the sheet metal over the edge of the rebate a in tool D,
substantially as described and shewn by the drawings on sheet 3 herewith.
8. The thin plate d acting in combination with undercut part in tool D, sub-
stantially as described and shewn by the drawings on sheet 3 herewith, and for the
purpose set forth.
9. Folding a sheet substantially as described and shewn by the drawings on sheet 4
herewith.
10. The thin plate d in combination, with the tools A. B. C. D and E, substantially
as described and shewn by the figures on sheet 4 of the accompanying drawings, and
for the purpose set forth.
11. Edging, folding, and joining sheet metal, substantially as described and shewn
by the drawings on sheet 5 herewith.
12. The rim on the lower edge of the tool B, substantially as described and shewn
by the drawings on sheet 5 herewith.
13. The thin plate d constructed so as to be withdrawn to allow a fresh sheet to be
interlocked with the one in machine, substantially as described and shewn by the
drawings on sheet 5 herewith.
14. The machinery for joining the edges of sheet metal substantially as described
and shewn by the drawings on sheets 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 herewith.
15. The ridge or inclined face n of the hammer head P substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
16. The anvil blocks O and N. arranged so as to be interchangeable for each other,
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
17. The arms J J, adjustable along the bed F by means of screws L L, (or
equivalent means), substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
18. The arms M M, detachable from the arms J J, substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
19. The combination of the arms M and J, moved laterally by means of tangent
screws and teeth on end of arm J, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
20. The mechanism for joining together the edges of sheet metal, substantially as
described and shewn by figure 26, sheet 10, of the accompanying drawings.
21. The incline faces a¹ a', and flat faces 6' 6', substantially as described and shewn,
and for the purpose set forth.
22. The combination of the incline faces a¹ a', and flat faces bb', with the
anvils D D¹, substantially as described and shewn, and for the purpose set forth.
23. The springs G' G', substantially as described and shewn, and for the purpose
set forth.
nated this Ninth day of Aunt 1007
DANIEL SMITH, JUNR.,
Applicant.