IMPROVEMENTS IN MANU- FACTURING AND REFINING SUGAR
Year: 1852

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
MACINTOSH, of New Street, in the County of Surrey, Civil Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Eighteenth day of
September, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, in the sixteenth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said John Macintosh, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, Her especial
licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said John
Macintosh, my exors, adññors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John
Macintosh, my exors, adiňors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in the Islands
of Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and in all Her Majesty's
Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MANU-
FACTURING AND REFINING SUGAR;" in which said Letters Patent is contained
a proviso that I, the said John Macintosh, shall cause a particular description
of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to be
inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of. the said in part recited,

page_text: Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, wi
more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Macintosh, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon,
that is to say-
My Invention consists of heating a room or chamber to the desired
temperature, in which is a pan or vessels containing saccharine fluid (in lieu
of the ordinary methods of applying heat to the pan or vessels containing
the liquid, and causing the room or chamber to be well ventilated, so that
the aqueous vapour may pass away freely as it comes off the fluid, and
having concentrated the liquid to a certain extent it may be drawn off for
further operations.
And in order that my said Invention may be most fully understood and
readily carried into practice, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by
me. I will, however, first remark, that the great object of my Invention
is to avoid that practice which has hitherto prevailed when evaporating
saccharine fluids of heating the fluids and not the surrounding atmosphere,
except so far as the surrounding atmosphere derives heat from the fluid.
Now my Invention consists of heating the atmosphere of a suitably constructed
chamber or room, to such a temperature that the saccharine fluid may derive
its heat therefrom, and be thereby evaporated to such an extent as may be
desired. The arrangement of the chamber or room and apparatus for
carrying out my Invention may be greatly varied, but I will proceed to
describe an arrangement or combination such as I prefer for the purpose,
although I do not confine myself to any particular shaped apparatus. I
construct a room or chamber, and apply steam, hot water pipes or flues or
furnaces, either at or near the bottom of the chamber, or in a separate com-
partment below the floor thereof, which may be perforated so that the
atmosphere of the chamber may be maintained at about 110° of Fahrenheit
and upwards. The lower part of the chamber I make in such manner
that by numerous perforations or gratings a constant influx of air may
take place, which if the heating apparatus be out of the chamber will
first pass amongst or through the pipes or heating flues, and thence into the
chamber, or when the heating pipes or flues or furnaces are within the
chamber, the air in rising up amongst them will become heated, and a
At the upper part
heated atmosphere will pervade the whole chamber.
of the chamber or roon I have an outlet, in order to facilitate the

page_text: egress of the air which has become charged with moisture. To obtain more
rapid evaporation, a fan or other apparatus may be applied for withdrawing
the air, so that the atmosphere of the room or chamber will be constantly
changing. The pan or vessels and apparatus used for exposing the saccharine
fluid to the heated atmosphere, may be greatly varied in form; but whatever
arrangement be employed it should be such as to offer as large a surface to the
heated atmosphere of the room or chamber as possible. I have not thought
it necessary to describe the dimensions of the room or chamber to be heated,
as the same may be varied according to the quantity of saccharine fluid to
be concentrated in a given time. The pan or vessels and apparatus which I
prefer to use are as follows, and shewn on the Drawing, but I do not confine
myself thereto,, or to any particular apparatus, so long as a large surface is
exposed to the heated air of the stove.
Figure 1, a is a pan containing the fluid to be evaporated. b is the
travelling surface, passing through the liquor to be evaporated, and passing
over and under the rollers c. This apparatus is enclosed in a chamber heated
at or near the bottom, by any ordinary means, or it may be heated from the
under surface, the hot air being made to pass into the chamber through
openings near the bottom. The vapour passes out of the chamber through
an opening or openings at or near the top. The saccharine fluid to be
evaporated may be passed through or from pans or vessels, troughs or pipes,
over fixed surfaces of metal or any other suitable material, suspended over a
pan or vessel to receive the concentrated syrup from which it may be conveyed
to any suitable vessel for further operations. By these means the saccharine
fluid will be quickly concentrated.
And in order to facilitate access to such
apparatus, I use sliding doors similar to those used in drying stoves. And, in
fact, my Invention may be said to be the placing of evaporating pans and
apparatus within a well ventilated stove, and by such combination to obtain
rapid evaporation. The room or chamber may be constructed of such
dimensions that a workman may be able at all times to pass around the pan
and apparatus used therein.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, I would have it understood, that what I claim is,
the mode herein described of evaporating and concentrating saccharine fluids
in the manufacture and refining of sugar.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Macintosh, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
JOHN (L.S.) MACINTOSH.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Eighteenth day of March, in
the year of our Lord 1853, the aforesaid John Macintosh came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Eighteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.

page_text: apparatus somewhat different from Fig.
to effect a bike purpose and consists of a ser
of pipes d d connected at one end to the
main supply pipe e and having their lower
sides split in order to receive the upper ends
of the metal sheets or discs ff the saccharin
fluid passing thro' perforations indicated by
arrows and running down the discs ff and
dropping into the pan below.