IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS
Year: 1840

page_text: SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
YOUNG, of Queen Street, in the City of London, Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Thirteenth day of April, in the third year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Thomas
Young, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I,
the said Thomas Young, my exors, admors, and assigns, and such others as
I, the said Thomas Young, my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the
term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,
my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS;" in which said Letters Patent is
contained a proviso that I, the said Thomas Young, shall cause a particular
description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference
being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Thomas Young, do hereby declare that the nature of my Invention, and the

page_text: manner in which the same is to be performed, as fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to
the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon
(that is to say) —
My Invention relates,-
First, to a mode of regulating the supply of oil to the burners of fountain
lamps by means of a float.
Secondly, my Invention relates to a mode of using bags or flexible vessels
to contain the oil in fountain lamps, together with means of causing the oil to
be expressed from such bags or flexible vessels.
Thirdly, my Invention relates to a mode of applying a perforated plate at a
position above the point of combustion of the wick of lamps, and thereby
obtaining a more favorable application of air to the flame of lamps. And,
Fourthly, my Invention relates to a mode of improving the combustion
and consequent flame of lamps by applying a coil of wire around the flames,
as hereafter explained.
And in order that my Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe Drawing hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 represents the section of a table lamp having some of my improve-
ments applied thereto. a, a, is the base of the pedestal of the lamp; b is the
pillar of the lamp, which is capable of sliding into the base or pedestal of the
lamp, as is shewn; c is the space for the oil to rise out of the bags or flexible
vessels, and rise to the burner at d. At the upper part of the pillar b is formed
the place for receiving the wick, and consists of the outer tube e, which is
capable of movement, and has the usual spiral groove formed therein to cause
the wick to ascend and descend, as is well understood by lamp makers; this
e tube is attached to the gallery by the stem f¹, hence, when the gallery is
moved round, the tube e will be turned also, and consequently raise or lower
the wick. g is the inner tube, which constitutes the inner way or passage to
the wick, the air passing into the pillar of the lamp at the point h; there is
also another tube i employed between the tube 9 and the wick, the object of
which is that in place of any oil which may flow off the wick falling down
the air way as heretofore, it flows down between the tubes g and i, and there
are passage ways between the space g and the general space for oil; hence the
wick may be said to be in the midst of oil, there being oil on the interior of
the wick as well as at the exterior of the wick, and to the same level. j is a
bag or flexible vessel within the base of pedestal of the lamp, and is fastened

page_text: oil
to a bent tube, which has a cock or plug at the upper end through which the
passes, and is regulated in its flow by the float k, which is at the upper
part of the rod k¹, which is attached to the lever or handle of the plug of the
cock, as is shewn, hence it will be evident, in the event of the oil being forced
up too fast, the float will rise and close the cock, and thus retard or wholly
prevent the rising of the oil till the previous supply has been consumed. The
bag is of leather or other suitable flexible material, and is contained within
an outer bag, which is of linen or other fabric, and has a series of circular
weights or rings attached thereto, which have the joint utility of retaining the
bag in its shape, notwithstanding the effect of pressure of the fluid, but also
tends to press up the oil and to compress the bag, the weight of the upper parts
of the lamp having also a tendency to force up the oil, but the whole move-
ment of the parts and the supply of oil to the burner is regulated by the float,
as above mentioned, for it will be evident that no movement can take place
unless the cock is open, and that can only be open to a degree equal to the
consumption of the oil by the burner.
Figure 2 shews a plan of the upper part of the lamp in section.
Figure 3 shews a plan of the perforated plate l, which is applied to the
flame at a short distance above the point of ignition of the flame with the wick,
and from the circumstance of there being an opening for the flame, and also a
series of small openings through the plate l, there will be a regulating of the
air, and the effect of combustion will be improved. In Figure 1 the position
for placing the plate 7 is shewn, together with a peculiarly formed chimney for
that purpose, there being a shoulder for the plate / to rest on.
Figure 4 shows the section of another arrangement of lamp according to
some parts of my Invention. In this Figure many of the parts are similar to
those above described, and are marked with the same letters of reference, but
in this lamp the pillar of the lamp does not rise and fall, and it will be seen
that the perforated plate l, in place of being supported by the chimney, is sup-
ported by thin standards, as is shown, which standards may be made capable
of raising or lowering according to the length of the flame.
Figure 5 shows a plan of the upper part of this lamp, and it will be seen
that the cock, as well as the float, which regulate the flow of oil to the burner,
in this case are both at the upper part of the lamp, and there are two bags or
flexible vessels for containing oil, and they are pressed on by two swinging
plates m, and the bags are kept in figure by the swinging frames, there
being an outer linen bag attached to such frames n, n, as is clearly shewn
at Figures 4, 6, and 7, there being springs to aid the pressure of the plates m

page_text: P
on the bags or vessels; and the bags are opened out when the lamp requires
a supply of oil by the cord o which passes round and is affixed to an axis
which passes through the base of the pedestal of the lamp for a key to turn
it round, and this and the other lamp may be supplied by means of an oil
can pouring in oil at the upper part of the lamp, pressing down the float
in order to keep open the cock; and the pillar of Figure 1 is to be raised
progressively as the lamp fills with oil, as will readily be understood on
examining the Drawing.
Figures 8 and 9 shew a plan and section of the rings or weights used to
compress the bag or flexible vessel of the lamp, Figure 1.
I will now describe the fourth part of my Invention.
Figure 10 shews the section of the upper part of a lamp having a spiral wire
applied thereto, so as to surround the lower part of the flame, and it will be
found that by so applying or affixing a spiral wire great advantage will be
obtained in the supply of air to the flame.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would remark that I am aware that bags or flexible
vessels have been before used for supplying oil to fountain lamps; I do not
therefore claim the same generally, but only when regulated and governed in
their action by means of the external weights or rings, or the plates and frames,
with their linen bags, as herein described. And although I have described
the float and cock to be applied to fountain lamps where the oil is pressed
up out of bags or flexible vessels, yet I do not confine myself thereto, as
my improvement in regulating, by means of a float and cock or valve, may
be with the same advantage applied to other constructions of fountain lamps.
But what I claim as the Invention secured by the present Letters Patent is,
First, the mode of regulating the flow of oil in fountain lamps by means
of floats and cocks, or valves, as above described.
Secondly, I claim the mode of employing bags or flexible vessels for con-
taining oil of fountain lamps, as herein described.
Thirdly, I claim the mode of applying perforated plates, which plates may
be made in one or more parts l, as above described, to the flames of lamps. And,
Fourthly, I claim the mode of applying a coiled wire around the flame of a
lamp, as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Young, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty.
THOMAS (L.S.) YOUNG.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Thirteenth day of October,
in the year of our Lord 1840, the aforesaid Thomas Young came before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to
the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Thirteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty.

page_text: DISCLAIMER and MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATIONS proposed to
be entered by Thomas Young with the Clerk of the Patents of England,
pursuant to an Act passed in the sixth year of the reign of His late
Majesty King William the Fourth, entitled "An Act to amend the Law
touching Letters Patent for Inventions."
I, the said Thomas Young, did describe my Invention to consist,-
First, to a mode of regulating the supply of oil to the burners of fountain
lamps by means of a float.
Secondly, to a mode using bags or flexible vessels to contain the oil in foun-
tain lamps, together with means of causing the oil to be expressed from such
bags or flexible vessels.
Thirdly, to a mode of applying a perforated plate at a position above
the point of combustion of the wicks of lamps, and thereby obtaining a more
favorable application of air to the flame of lamps. And,
Fourthly, to a mode of improving the combustion and consequent flame of
lamps by applying a coil of wire around the flames thereof.
Since the taking of such Letters Patent, and since the inrolment of the said
Specification, the third part of the Invention has become highly useful, but the
first, second, and fourth parts have not proved to be useful, for which reasons
I am desirous to disclaim, and do hereby disclaim all those parts of the Speci-
fication, and of the Drawings annexed thereto, which relate to other matters
than that described as the third part of the Invention, and for such purpose
I do disclaim all those words which are ruled through with red ink in the copy
of my said Specification, which forms part of this Disclaimer and Memorandum
of Alterations, and is hereunder written, and also the letter "s" in the word
"improvements," ruled through in the Title with red ink, and I add the word
"An" before the word improvement in the Title of my said Patent, in order

page_text: to make the Title of the Patent agree with the Invention, which will then
remain described in the said Specification.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Young, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twelfth day of October, One thousand eight hundred
and forty-two.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
YOUNG, of Queen Street, in the City of London, Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Thirteenth day of April, in the third year of Her reign, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Thomas
Young, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that. I,
the said Thomas Young, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Thomas Young, my exors, adñiors, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the
term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Teed, my In-
vention of An [*] "IMPROVEMENTS (†) IN LAMPS;" in which said Letters Patent
is contained a proviso that I, the said Thomas Young, shall cause a particular
description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being
thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that, in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Thomas Young, do hereby declare that the nature of my Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon
(that is to say): —
My Invention relates,-
First, to a mode of regulating the supply of oil to the burners of fountain lampe
by means of a float.
Secondly, my Invention relates to a mode of using bags-or-flexible vessels to

page_text: -
applied-thereto.-a,-α, is the base of the pedestal of the lamp; b is the pillar of
the lamp, which is capable of sliding into the base or pedestal of the lamp, as is
shewn. is the-space-for the oil to rise out of the bags or flexible vessels, and-rise
to-the-burner-at-d. At the upper part of the pillar 6 is formed the place-for
receiving-the-wick, and consists of the outer tube-e, which is capable of movement,
and has the usual spiral groove-formed therein to cause the wiek to ascend-and
descend, as is well understood by lamp-makers; this e-tube is attached to the
gallery by the stem f^, hence, when the gallery is moved round the tube-e-will be
turned also, and consequently raise or lower the wick.-g-is-the-inner-tube, which
constitutes the inner way or passage to the wick, the air passing into the pillar of
the lamp at the point-h; there is also another tube-i-employed between the tube-g
and the-wick, the object of which is that, in place of any oil which may flow off
the wiek-falling-down the air way as heretofore, it flows down between the tubes-g
and-i-and-there-are-passage-ways between the space g-and the general space-for-oil;
henee the wiek may be said to be in the midst of oil, there being oil on the interior
of the-wiek as-well-as-at-the exterior of the wiek, and to the same level. j is a bag
or-flexible vessel within the base of the pedestal of the lamp, and is fastened to a
bent tube, which has a cock or plug at the upper end through which the oil passes,
and is regulated in its flow by the float-k, which is at the upper part of the rod k³,
which is attached to the lever or handle of the plug of the cock, as is shown,
hence it will be evident, in the event of the oil being forced-up too fast, the float
will rise-and-close-the-eeek, and thus retard or wholly prevent the rising of the oil
till the previous supply has been consumed. The bag j is of leather or other
suitable flexible material, and is contained within-an-outer bag, which is of linen or
other-fabric, and has a series of circular weights or rings attached thereto, which
have the joint-utility of retaining the bag in its shape, notwithstanding the effect of
pressure-of the-fluid, but also tends to press up the oil, and to compress the bag, the
weight-of-the-upper parts of the lamp having also a tendency to foree-up the oils
but the-whole-movement of the parts and the supply of oil to the burner is regu

page_text: lated by the float, as above mentioned, for it will be evident that no movement can
take place unless the cock is open, and that can only be open to a degree equal to
the consumption of the oil by the burner.
Figure 2 shews a plan of the upper part of the lamp-in-section.
Figure 3 shews a plan of the perforated plate l, which is applied to the
flame at a short distance above the point of ignition of the flame with the
wick, and from the circumstance of there being an opening for the flame, and
also a series of small openings through the plate 1, there will be a regulating of
the air, and the effect of combustion will be improved. In Figure 1 the posi-
tion for placing the plate is shewn, together with a peculiarly formed chimney
for that
pnrpose, there being a shoulder for the plate / to rest on.
Figure 4 shews the section of another arrangement of lamp according-to
come parts of my Invention. In this Figure many of the parts are similar to those
above described, and are marked with the same letters of reference; but in this
lamp the pillar of the lamp does not rise and fall, and it will be seen that the per-
forated plate 1, in place of being supported by the chimney, is supported by thin
standards, as is shewn, which standards may be made capable of raising or
lowering according to the length of the flame.
Figure 5 shews a plan of the upper part of this lamp, and it will be seen that the
eoek, as well as the float, which regulates the flow of oil to the burner, in this ease
are both at the upper part of the lamp, and there-are-two-bags or flexible vessels for
containing oil, and they are pressed-on by two swinging plates m, and the bags are
kept in figure by the swinging frames, there being an outer linen bag attached to
such frames-n,-n, as is clearly shewn at Figures 4, 6, and 7, there being springs to
aid the pressure of the plates m on the bags or vessels; and the begs are opened out
when the lamp requires a supply of oil by the cord o which passes round-and-is
affixed to-an-axis p, which passes through the base of the pedestal of the lamp for a
key to turn-it-round, and this and the other lamp may be supplied by means of an
oil can pouring in oil at the upper part of the lamp, pressing down the float in
order-to-keep-open the cock, and the pillar of Figure 1 is to be raised progressively
as the lamp fills with oil, as will readily be understood on examining the Drawing.
Figures 8 and 9-shew-a-plan and section of the rings or weights used to compress
the bag or flexible vessel of the lamp-Figure 1.
I will now describe the fourth part of my Invention. Figure 10 shews-the
section of the upper part of a lamp having a spiral wire applied thereto so as to
surround the lower part of the flame, and it will be found that by so applying-or
affixing a spiral wire great advantage will be obtained in the supply of oil to the
flame.
Having thus described the nature-of-my-Invention, and in the manner-of-per-

page_text: forming the same, I would remark that I am aware that bags or flexible-vessels
have been before used for supplying oil to fountain lumps, I do not therefore claim
the same generally, but-only-when-regulated and governed in their-action-by means
of the external weights or rings, or the plates and frames, with their linen bags, -as
herein described; and although I have described the float and cock to be applied
to fountain-lamps when the oil is pressed-up-out of bags or flexible vessels, yet I
do not confine-myself thereto, as my improvement in-regulating, by means of a float
and-cock-or-valve, may be with the same advantage-applied-to-other constructions-of
fountain lamps.--But what I claim as the Invention secured by the present
Letters Patent, is,-
First, the mode of regulating the flow of oil in fountain lamps-by means of floats
and-cocks, or valves, as above described.
Secondly, I claim the mode of employing bags or flexible-vessels for containing
oil of fountain lamps, as herein deseribed.
Thirdly, I claim the mode of applying perforated plates (which plates may be
made in one or more parts 1), as above described, to the flames of lamps.
And, fourthly, I claim the mode of applying a coiled wire-around-the flame-of-a
lamp, as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Young, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty.
To the Clerk of the Patents of England.
This is to certify that the above-named Thomas Young, of Queen Street, in
the City of London, Merchant, has applied to me for leave to enter with you
the above-written Disclaimer & Memorandum of Alteration of part of the Title
and Specification of a certain Invention, for which Letters Patent were duly
granted to him under the Great Seal of Great Britain, dated at Westminster,
the Thirteenth day of April, One thousand eight hundred and forty, and to
which a Specification has been enrolled; and having considered of the said ap-
plication, and no objection having been made to the same, I having accordingly
granted leave to the said Thomas Young to file his said Disclaimer & Memo-
randum of Alteration, pursuant to the Statute passed in the fifth and sixth
years of the reign of His late Majesty King William the Fourth, entitled "An
Act to amend the Law touching Letters Patent for Inventions."
FRED. POLLOCK.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-first day of October, in
the year of our Lord 1842, the aforesaid Thomas Young came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Disclaimer afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Disclaimer aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Seventh day of November, in the year of our Lord One