IMPROVEMENTS IN RAISING AND LOWERING WINDOWS.
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Russell, of Clarence Gardens,
'the
Regent's Park, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanic, for
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAISING AND LOWERING WINDOWS.
Sealed the 25th November 1853, and dated the 25th May 1853."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Russell
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 25th May 1853.
I, FREDERICK RUSSELL, of Clarence Gardens, Regent's Park, in the
County of Middlesex, Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAISING AND LOWERING WINDOWS,
SHUTTERS, BLINDS, AND SIMILAR APPENDAGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in a peculiar application of pulleys, levers,
rollers, and cords for raising and lowering the windows, blinds, and
shutters of carriages, and other similar constructions to any required
height, and effecting by the aid of levers the desirable object of lifting

page_text: carriage windows over the fence plate when the window is required to
be up, and bringing it back again when the window is lowered down.
By this arrangement the window can be left open in any required
position, and by being lifted over the fence plate, when closed, it com-
pletely precludes the possibility of the rain getting into the carriage
loor, and consequently prevents the decay which at present takes place
from this cause. Inside the carriage door two tassels are visible only.
One for pulling the window up; the other for pulling it down. The
"up" tassel is attached to a silk or other cord running first over a
pulley fixed to the door a little below the bottom of the window, when
closed, down to another pulley at the bottom of the door, thence over a
roller fastened to the door in the same horizontal plane as the pulley
first mentioned, fastening at last to the bottom of a metal plate firmly
fixed to the bottom of the window, so that by pulling the "up" tassel
the window is raised to any required position. The down tassel is like-
wise attached to a silk or other cord running over a pulley fixed a
little below the window, when closed down, round another pulley at the
bottom of the door, thence to a peculiarly contrived lever fastened to
the bottom of the window, for the purpose of raising it over the fence
plate, and afterwards for pulling it down to the bottom of the door.
Hence, by pulling the "down" tassel the window is lowered. To pre-
vent the window from falling by its own weight a piece of india or
similar material is fastened to the bottom of the door, which then passes
over the roller before named, and is then secured to the metal plate at
the bottom of the window. Round this roller a piece of catgut is twisted,
afterwards passing over a pulley at the bottom of the door, forming an
endless cord; to this the brass plate at the bottom of the window is
attached, in order that the friction of the gut of the roller may overcome
the gravity of the window, causing a complete equilibrium which allows
the window to pass up or down 'with the greatest ease.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,.
filed by the said Frederick Russell in the Great Seal Patent.
Office, on the 25th November 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I
FREDERICK RUSSELL, of Clarence Gardens, Regent's Park, in the
County of Middlesex, Mechanic, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her'
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of May, in the year.
of our Lord One thousand eight. hundred and fifty-three, in the six--
teenth year of Her reign,. did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors;
give and grant unto me, the said Frederick Russell, Her special license.
that I, the said Frederick Russell, my executors, administrators, or
assigns, or such others as I, the said Frederick Russell, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, ex-
ercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RAISING AND LOWERING WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, BLINDS;
AND SIMILAR APPENDAGES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I.:
the said Frederick Russell, by an instrument in writing under my.
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of, the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause. the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date!
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW. YE, that I, the said Frederick Russell, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the.
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained.
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that
is to say:
My said Invention relates to a peculiar arrangement of mechanism-

page_text: an
for effecting the raising and lowering of windows, shutters, or blinds
with facility, and at the same time admitting of their remaining station-
ary at any required height. Figure 1, on my Sheet of Drawings repre-
sents an elevation of a carriage' door, with the lining removed; as seen
from the inside. Figure 2, is elevation of the same. door seen from 5
the outside, with its panelling removed for the purpose of more clearly.
shewing the internal arrangement. Figure 3, is a vertical section.
through, the centre of the door, shewing only the lowering cords and
lever for lifting the window over the fence rail preparatory to its being.
lowered. The dotted lines in this Figure represent the position of the 1
window and lowering lever when closed. Figure 4, represents a similar
section of the door, showing the elevating cords or bands; and Figure
5, is another vertical section of the door, shewing the friction bands
for retaining the window stationary at any required elevation. The
inside of the carriage door is furnished with two tassels, one of which 1
shewn in Figure 3, is connected to the lowering cord A, which is colored
blue; and the other one colored red is attached to the raising cord or;
band. The lowering cord A, is passed under the pulley or roller B,
inside the door, and is attached to the end of the short-lever C, which
is hinged to the bottom of the window frame D; this lever stands out
at an angle when the window is up, as shewn by the dotted lines in
Figure 3; but on tightening or drawing the cord or band A,. the lever
raises the bottom of the window frame over the fence rail, and assumes:
3. perpendicular, position,, as shewn in the Drawing. The elevating
band E, colored; -red,. passes down the inside of the door frame:
round the pulley F, and over the roller G; whence it proceeds, down
wards to the bottom of the window, where it is secured to a metal,
plate H. The friction, arrangement for retaining the window sta-
tionary is shewn in Figure, 5. It consists of an endless cord. I, of
catgut, or other strong material, colored yellow in. the Drawing, and.
is attached to the metal plate H, on the bottom of the window frame,
having been previously passed two or three times round the roller G,
for the purpose of increasing the drag or friction. An india-rubber
band J, colored green is attached to the bottom of the window frame.

page_text: It is passed over the roller G, and is finally secured to the inside of the
door pannels. This band is for the purpose of counterbalancing the
weight of the window, and facilitating the raising of the same.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine
or restrict myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have
had occasion to describe or refer to, as many variations may be made
therefrom without deviating from the principles or main features of my
Invention; but what I consider to be novel and original, and therefore
claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part
recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the herein-before described system or mode of raising and
lowering carriage or other windows, shutters, blinds, &c.
Second, the application and use of a friction band for the purpose
and in manner herein-before described.
Third, the application and use of a band of india-rubber or similar
elastic material for the purpose of balancing or supporting the weight
of the window frame, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Russell, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Eighteenth day of November, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
FREDERICK RUSSELL. (L.S.)