IMPROVEMENTS IN THE. APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE QUANTITY OF WATER TO BE USED FOR THE FLUSHING OF WATERCLOSETS, AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Frederic Chantrell, of Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Furnace Engineer, and Edward Dutch, of the same
Place, Commercial Traveller, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE.
APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE QUANTITY OF WATER TO BE USED FOR THE
FLUSHING OF WATERCLOSETS, AND OTHER PURPOSES.”
Sealed the 29th September 1859, and dated the 5th April 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Frederic Chantrell
and Edward Dutch at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 5th April 1859.
We, GEORGE FREDERIC CHANTRELL, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Furnace Engineer, and EDWARD DUTCH, of the same Place, Commercial
Traveller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE QUANTITY OF WATER TO BE USED
FOR THE FLUSHING OF WATERCLOSETS, AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows
(that is to say) :-
This Invention consists of certain self-acting arrangements for regulating
the quantity of water supplied at one time to waterclosets, urinals, wash basins,
and other like purposes, and consists in the use of a supply cistern, which is
provided with a double-bottom, forming a measuring chamber sufficiently
large to contain the amount of water required at each operation of the

page_text: apparatus; or this measuring chamber may be supplemental to the under side
of the supply cistern. A double-acting valve is placed within the measuring
chamber, the upper side of which abuts against a valve seat on the under side
of the upper bottom, and the valve opening is kept closed by a system of rods
and levers, which are acted upon by a weight placed below the seat of the
closet, or in any other convenient situation. The lower bottom of the cistern
is also provided with a valve opening, which communicates with the outlet
pipe, and is closed when the valve is relieved from the pressure of the weight
by means of the person using the closet acting as a counterpoise to the
weighted lever. When applied urinals or wash basins, the weighted lever is
elevated by the weight of the person standing on a small deflecting stage in
front of the vessel, or by the action of the opening or closing of the closet door.
The supply pipe from the water main to the cistern is provided with an
internal valve which opens upwards. The valve shank is connected to one
end of a lever of the first order, and which is provided with a float at the other
end, which acts as a weight to keep the valve open when not immersed in the
water, but when the water in the cistern has risen sufficiently high to act upon
the float, it closes.the valve. ; !
::
"I
The measuring chamber is provided with a fixed air pipe; which extends to
the high water level of the supply cistern, and which will form an overflow
pipe for the water in.case the supply valve should get out of order, or the air
passage may be formed by using a hollow valve rod, with side openings formed
at the high water level, which also acts as an overflow pipe, and making a side
opening or openings communicating therewith in the valve cover at a point
between its upper and lower surfaces.
It is preferred to construct the supply cistern of glazed stoneware, such as
is now in common use for the manufacture of sanitary drain pipes, &c.
The lower end of the cistern is formed with one or more internal rims or
flanges, to which the upper and lower bottoms are bedded, and which form a
chamber of the required capacity. To the upper or lower bottom, as may.be
found most convenient, is fitted a flange which forms the upper or lower valve
seat, as the case may be, and is held in position by a second nut on the ends
of the bolts, which secure the bottoms to the internal flange or flanges, and
which may be removed to facilitate any necessary repairs of the valve. 'But
the supply cistern may be made of any suitable material, and of a round,
square, or other convenient shape. It will also be readily seen that in 'some
cases the supply cistern and float valve may be done away with by connecting
the measuring chamber directly with the street main.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Frederic Chantrell and Edward Dutch in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 5th October 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, GEORGE
FREDERIC CHANTRELL, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Furnace
Engineer, and EDWARD DUTCH, of the same Place, Commercial Traveller,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said George Frederic Chantrell and Edward Dutch, Her special licence that
we, the said George Frederic Chantrell and Edward Dutch, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said George Frederic
Chantrell and Edward Dutch, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should, and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE QUANTITY OF WATER TO
BE USED FOR THE FLUSHING OF WATERCLOSETS AND OTHER PURPOSES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said George Frederic Chantrell and
Edward Dutch, our executors or administrators,, by an instrument in writing
under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the samo
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent. :
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said George Frederic Chantrell and Edward
Dutch, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement (that is to say) :-
This our said Invention consists in certain self-acting arrangements for con-
trolling the supply of water to be used for waterclosets, urinals, wash basins,
and other like purposes, by regulating the amount of water used each time the
apparatus is brought into play, and consists in the use of a water supply
cistern, which is provided with a double bottom, forming a measuring chamber,
to contain the quantity of water required at each operation of the apparatus,

page_text: or the double bottom may be dispensed with by connecting a vessel of the
required capacity to the under side of the supply cistern. In either case we
use a double-acting valve placed within the measuring chamber, which, upon
being elevated or depressed, as the case may be, cuts off the supply opening
between the cistern and the measuring chamber, and opens the discharge
orifice formed in the bottom of the measuring box, and upon the action being
reversed, the supply valve is opened, and the discharge orifice closed. This
double valve is acted upon by a system of rods, levers, and so forth, as will be
hereafter described, and which receive their motion through the seat of the
closet, or a platform on front of the closet, urinal, wash basin, or other
receptacle in which the water is received for use, by being acted upon by
the weight of the person using them, or they may be so arranged as to be
acted upon by hand.
When the supply cistern is fed from a high-pressure main, the feed pipe is
provided with an internal valve which opens upwards. The valve shank we
connect to one end of a lever of the first order, and to which we attach a
float at the other end, which acts as a weight to keep the valve open when
not immersed in the water, but when the water in the cistern has risen
sufficiently high to act upon the float it closes the valve.
The measuring chamber we provide with a fixed air pipe, which extends to
the high-water level of the supply cistern, and which will form an overflow
pipe for the water in case the supply valve should get out of order; or a
hollow valve rod may be used to form the air passage, with side openings
formed at the high-water level, and which also acts as an overflow pipe by
making a side opening or openings communicating therewith in the valve
cover at a point between its upper and lower surfaces.
We prefer to construct the supply cistern of glazed stoneware, such as is
now in common use for the manufacture of sanitary drain pipes, &c.
The lower end of the cistern we form with one or more internal rims or
flanges, to which the upper and lower bottoms are bedded, and which form a
chamber of the required capacity. To the upper or lower bottom, as may be
found most convenient, we fit a flange, which forms the upper or lower valve
seat, as the case may be, and which is held in position by a second nut on the
ends of the bolts which secure the bottoms to the internal flange or flanges,
and which can be removed to facilitate any necessary repairs of the valve.
But the supply cistern may be made of any suitable material, and of a round,
sjuare, or other convenient shape. It will also be readily seen that in some
cases the supply cistern and float valve may be done away with, by connecting
the measuring chamber directly with the street main.

page_text: That this our said improvements may be the more readily seen and under-
stood, we have hereunto annexed Drawings, in partial illustration of several
modifications of the practical application of our said Invention, like letters
and figures marked thereon being used to denote similar parts.
Figure 1 is a vertical sectional elevation of one of our improved double
bottomed cisterns, having one modification of our improved regulating supply
and discharge valves and gear applied thereto; Figure 2 is another modifica-
tion, showing the measuring chamber, air pipe, and so forth; and Figure 8.is
another sectional view. of a measuring box, showing the upper portion of the
valve working above the upper bottom of the cistern.
A, the supply cistern, which in this case is formed of a cylindrical earthen
vessel having an internal annular flanch, against which abuts the upper and
lower bottoms, which we prefer in this instance to form of slate discs, and
secure them by screw bolts. The upper bottom (Figure 1) is formed with a large
circular opening for the insertion of the double-acting valve, which is partially
closed by a cover, through which the valve opening between the supply cistern
and the measuring chamber is formed, and through which the shank of the
valve works. B, the measuring chamber; C, the supply pipe, which is provided
at its open end with D, a lift valve, which is acted upon by E, a lever, which
works on an axis at e, and is actuated by F, a hollow ball, the weight of which
keeps the valve open until elevated by the water in the cistern, when it closes
the valve and cuts off the water supply to G, a double-acting valve mounted
upon E, spindle of the double-acting valve; I, valve rod, which is attached to
K (Figure 1), a lever; L, fulcrum of the valve lever; M (Figure 1), con-
necting rod to valve lever, by which the valve is put in motion, and when
applied to valves constructed according to the modifications shown in Figures 1
and 2. It is weighted when it is required to cut off the communication
between the supply cistern, and the measuring and discharging the contents
thereof through the outlet pipe. In Figure 3 the valve is so arranged as to
be acted upon in the reverse way. N, outlet pipe; O, a vertical pipe, which
serves the double purpose of an air pipe and an overflow pipe, should any
water by accident rise above the open top thereof; P, metalic hoops surround-
ing the vertical circular side of the cistern, to increase the strength thereof.
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature of this our said
Invention, and how we believe the same may be best carried into practical
effect, we wish it to be understood that we do not confine ourselves to the
precise details, as it will be readily seen the same may be considerably varied
without departing from the Invention; but what we do claim is,―.
First, the construction of cisterns with double bottoms, substantially and

page_text: in the manner and for the purposes herein-before described, or any mere
modification of the same.
Secondly, the use of the double-acting valve herein-before described, or any
mere modification of the same when applied to double-bottomed cisterns or
measuring boxes, substantially and in the manner and for the purposes
herein-before set forth and described.
Thirdly, the peculiar mode of constructing cisterns from an earthenware
pipe or tube having an internal annular flanch or flanches to receive an upper
and lower bottom of slate or earthenware, substantially and in the manner
herein-before described, or any mere modification of the same.
And, lastly, the peculiar combination and arrangement of the various parts
of the apparatus herein-before described, or any mere modification of the
same when applied for regulating of the flow of water.
In witness whereof, we, the said George Frederic Chantrell and Edward
Dutch, have hereunto set our hands and affixed our seals, this Fourth
day of October, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-nine.
Vitness,
GEORGE FREDERIC (L.s.) CHANTRELL.
EDWARD
(L.S.) DUTCH.
WILLIAM WALKER;
of 44, Castle Street, Liverpool.