IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SCREW COLLARS OR SCREW SOCKETS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Hookham, of the Firm of Hookham and Ludlow,
of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SCREW COLLARS OR SCREW
SOCKETS."
Sealed the 9th January 1880, and dated the 16th July 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Hookham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th July 1879.
GEORGE HOOKHAM, of the Firm of Hookham and Ludlow, of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
SCREW COLLARS OR SCREW SOCKETS."
The screw collars or screw sockets to which my Invention refers consist of hollow
conical collars or sockets inserted or let into window sashes or other articles made
of wood at those parts where it is intended to introduce wood screws. The said
collars or sockets serve as metallic linings to those parts of the holes in which the
conical undersides of the heads of the wood screws embed themselves when the
screws are driven home. The said collars or sockets are especially useful where
the screw has to be frequently screwed into and removed from the same hole.
The said screw collars or screw sockets are ordinarily made by casting, and are
finished by turning in a lathe. This the ordinary method of manufacture is costly,
and has the inconvenience that the screw collars or sockets so inade differ somewhat
in size.
In making screw collars or screw sockets according to my Invention I take a
circular blank or disc of sheet metal (brass by preference), and by means of dies
and pressure I give it the form of a cup or a short hollow cylinder closed at one
end, the closed end having a nearly hemi-spherical figure. By pressure of a flat
or nearly flat punch upon the hemi-spberical end it is forced somewhat into the
interior of the cup, and assumes in taking that position a concave figure.

page_text: The lower die in which the cup is supported during this process tapers slightly
from its mouth downwards, and a slightly conical figure is consequently given to
the cup as it is forced into the die by the pressure on its hemispherical end.
The-cup-is-then-placed with its open-end downwards in another lower die
tapering from its mouth downwards, and a conical punch is brought down
upon it.
By the action of the last named die and punch the open end of the cup is con-
tracted, and the concave closed end of the cup is forced so far inwards and is so
operated upon that it takes very nearly_the_figure of the conical underside-of-the
head of a wood screw.
The bottom of the concave forced in end is pierced out, and there is thus left a
screw collar or screw socket of the ordinary form, and consisting of two short
conical tubes joined together at their widest ends.
The lower tapering die has fine longitudinal grooves on its sides, and radial
grooves at its bottom. By the action of the said grooves on the cup operated upon
by the said die and conical punch fine projecting ribs are made on the sides and
bottom edge of the screw collar or screw socket, by which ribs the rotation of the
collar or socket in the wood in which it is driven is prevented.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said George Hookham in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 9th January
1880.
GEORGE HOOKHнAм, of the Firm of Hookham and Ludlow, of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
SCREW-COLLARS OR SCREW-SOCKETS.'
"
The
The screw collars or screw sockets to which my Invention refers consist of
hollow conical collars or sockets inserted or let into window sashes or other articles
made of wood at those parts where it is intended to introduce wood screws.
said collars or sockets serve as metallic linings to those parts of the holes in which
the conical undersides of the heads of the wood screws eimbed themselves when the
screws are driven home. The said collars or sockets are especially useful where
the screw has to be frequently screwed into and removed from the same hole.
The said screw collars or screw sockets are ordinarily made by casting, and are
finished by turning in a lathe. This the ordinary method of manufacture is costly,
and has the inconvenience that the screw collars or sockets so made differ somewhat
in size.
In making screw collars or screw sockets according to my Invention I take a
circular blank or disc of sheet metal (brass by preference), and by means of dies
and pressure I give it the form of a cup or a short hollow cylinder closed at one.
end, the closed end having a nearly hemispherical figure. By pressure of a flat or
nearly flat punch upon the hemi-spherical end it is forced somewhat into the interior
of the cup, and assumes in taking that position a concave figure. The lower die in
which the cup is supported during this process tapers slightly from its mouth
downwards, and a slightly conical figure is consequently given to the cup as it is
forced into the die by the pressure on its hemi-spherical end. The cup is then placed
with its open end downwards in another lower die tapering from its mouth down-
wards, and a conical punch is brought down upon it. By the action of the last
named die and punch the open end of the cup is forced so far inwards and is so
operated upon that it takes very nearly the figure of the conical underside of the
head of a wood screw. The bottom of the concave forced end is pierced out, and
there is thus left a screw collar or screw socket of the ordinary form, and consisting
of two short conical tubes joined together at their widest ends. The lower tapering
die has fine longitudinal grooves on its sides, and radial grooves at its bottom. By
the action of the said grooves on the cup operated upon by the said die and conical
punch fine projecting ribs are made on the sides and bottom edge of the screw
collar or screw socket, by which ribs the rotation of the collar or socket in the wood
in which it is driven is prevented.
I will now describe with reference to the accompanying Drawing the manner in
which my Invention is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in plan and edge view a circular blank or disc of brass or
other ductile metal or alloy, from which I make a screw collar or screw socket.
according to my Invention. I take the said circular blank, Figure 1, and by means
of dies and pressure give it, the cup form represented in elevation and section in
Figure 2, the closed end a of the cup, Figure 2, having a nearly hemispherical
figure. I place the said cup, Figure 2, in a lower die ou the bed of a press, and by
the use of a flat or nearly flat ended punch, carried by the screw of the press, I
force inwards the hemispherical end a of the cup, Figure 2, into the interior of the
said cup, the forcing inwards of the said end a causing it to take a concave figure.
The partly made screw collar or screw socket after it has been subjected to the
operation last described is represented in plan of upper side, side elevation, and
section in Figure 3, the forced in concave end of the cup being marked b in the said
Figure 3.
The lower die in which the cup, Figure 2, is supported during the operation upon
it of the flat ended punch, so as to convert it into the shape, Figure 3, slightly

page_text: tapers from its mouth downwards, and a slightly conical figure is consequently
given to the cup as it is forced into the die by the pressure on its hemi-spherical
end, as is seen in the elevation and section of Figure 3.
The cup or partly made screw collar or screw socket, Figure 3, is next placed with
its mouth or open end downwards in a second lower die, the said second die tapering
from its mouth downwards, and a conical punch carried by the screw of the press
is brought down upon the cup, Figure 3, in the die. By the operation of the die
and punch the open end of the cup is slightly contracted, and the concave closed
_ end 6 of the cup is forced further inwards, as represented in side elevation, section, and
plan of underside in Figure 4. By the operation of the conical punch last described
the closed end 6 of the cup or partly made screw collar or socket takes nearly the
figure of the conical underside of the head of a wood screw, as seen in the section
of Figure 4. It will be seen by an examination of the side elevation and plan of
underside of Figure 4 that the sides of the cup or partly made screw collar are
furnished with fine longitudinal ribs, and its bottom edge with radial ribs. These
ribs are produced by forming in the sides and bottom of the second lower tapering
die in which the cup is operated upon fine grooves, into which the metal of the cup
is forced by the action of the punch upon the concave closed end of the cup.
The screw collar or screw socket, Figure 4, is finally operated upon by a piercing
tool, so as to pierce out the bottom or central portion of the concave forced in end b
of the collar or socket, as illustrated in section in Figure 5. There is thus produced
a screw collar or screw socket of the ordinary form, and consisting of two short
conical tubes b and c, joined together at their widest ends d, the inner conical seat b
which receives the conical head of the woodscrew being inade from the hemi-
spherical or convex end a of the cup, Figure 2, by the drawing down or reduction
of the metal of the said end a, while the outer walls or sides c of the screw collar
remain nearly of the original thickness of the cup, Figure 2. Figure 6 represents
screw collars or screw sockets made according to my Invention, inserted in a window
sash, and a wood screw applied to one of the said collars or sockets for fastening
the sash to the other sash. The said screw collars or screw sockets are driven into
the conical holes e made in the window sash, the fine projections or ribs on the
sides and bottom edges of the screw collars preventing them rotating in the said
holes in the sash.
:
The shaping or fashioning tools which I use in carrying my Invention into effect
are of the kind commonly employed for shaping and raising metals for other
purposes, and I therefore do not think it necessary either to describe or.to represent
the said tools.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which the
same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I claim as my Invention,
the improvements in the manufacture of screw collars or screw.sockets herein-before
described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing, that is to say, making the
said screw_collars or screw_sockets by raising or fashioning them from sheet metal
by the process or combination of processes, substantially as herein before described
and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Hookham, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Eighth day of January, in the year of our Lord One thousand
Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT,
Clerk to George Shaw,
Birmingham.
GEORGE HOOKHAM. (L.S.)