IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SACCHARINE PRODUCTS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Duncan, of Mincing Lane, in the City
of London, John Alexander Reina Newlands, of Mincing Lane,
aforesaid, and Benjamin Edward Reina Newlands, of Clyde
Wharf, Victoria Docks, in the County of Essex, for the Invention
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Duncan, John
Alexander Reina Newlands, and Benjamin Edward Reina New-
lands, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 8th December 1875.
We, JAMES DUNCAN, of Mincing Lane, in the City of London, JoHŅ
ALEXANDER REINA NEWLANDS, of Mincing Lane, aforesaid, and
BENJAMIN EDWARD REINA NEWLANDS, of Olyde Wharf, Victoria
Docks, in the County of Essex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SACCHARINE
PRODUCTS," to be as follows:-
In the application of steam to the purification of raw sugars
according to the process in respect of which Letters Patent wera

page_text: granted to the said James Duncan on behalf of Moritz Weinrich dated
the 28th May 1874 (No. 1870), or by any similar process, a product is
obtained materially differing from those products which are met with
in the ordinary process of sugar refining.
Now the object of this Invention is to submit this before-mentioned
saccharine product, herein-after called the saccharine product, to a
defecating action or process in order that the saccharine matter con-
tained therein may be more advantageously obtained than in the
ordinary process of sugar refining.
The before-mentioned saccharine product consists of the washings of
crude sugar crystals, such washings containing sugar in admixture with
salts, coloring matters, albuminous matters, and other impurities; and
the object of this Invention is to effect the removal of some of these
impurities, so as to obtain an improved product from the saccharine
product, especially when such saccharine product is prepared chiefly
from cane sugar, and contains therefore a comparatively small pro-
portion of salts. For this purpose we add to the saccharine product at
the ordinary temperature a solution of sulphate of alumina or of alum
cake, or a solution of any phosphate of alumina, native or artificial, in
sulphuric acid; we thoroughly agitate the mixture for the space of,
say, about half an hour, and then add chalk or milk of lime in such
quantity as is sufficient to render the liquor neutral or only faintly acid.
We then heat the saccharine product which has been thus treated to a
temperature of, say, from about 150 degrees to 170° Fahrenheit and filter
in the usual way. In this manner good results are obtained, but as a
modification of the process we first add to the saccharine product milk
of lime or chalk in sufficient quantity to neutralise or nearily neutralise
.any of the before-mentioned acid substances which may be afterwards
added; and we subsequently add a solution of sulphate of alumina or
of alum cake, or a solution of phosphate of alumina in sulphuric acid
in such quantity as to effect the defecation of the saccharine product.
In lieu of using a solution of sulphate of alumina or of alum cake these
substances may be used in the form of fine powder, either dry. or made
into a paste with a small quantity of water.
The quantity of sulphate of alumina or of alum cake, or of a solution
of phosphate of alumina in sulphuric acid, to be added varies with the
impurities present in the saccharine product, and may be easily

page_text: ascertained by a few trials or experiments on the small scale. We
generally prefer to add such an amount of one of the before-mentioned
compounds of alumina as will contain sufficient sulphuric acid to
convert the whole of the bases present into sulphates.
In employing [the before-mentioned bodies for defecating the
saccharine product referred to we prefer to work at the ordinary
temperature, but the process may be carried out at an elevated tem-
perature. In such case however milk of lime or chalk in quantity
sufficient to neutralize or nearly neutralize any acid substance which
may be present during the operation should be added to the saccharine
product, and mixed therewith either before or immediately after the
addition of the sulphate of alumina, or of the alum cake, or of the
solution of phosphate of alumina in sulphuric acid.
The precipitate or precipitates formed during the above described
process consisting of alumina and sulphate of lime, either with or
without silica and phosphate of alumina or phosphate of lime, herein-
after called the lime sludge, may be washed on the filter and then
added to a further quantity of the saccharine product, the whole mixture
being well agitated, when a certain amount of the cooling matters will
be removed. In any case the saccharine product thus treated should be
raised to a temperature of, say, from about 150° to 170° Fahrenheit
before being submitted to filtration.
The above-mentioned lime sludge may also be dissolved up in
sulphuric acid, either with or without previous drying and incineration,
and the solutions of sulphate of alumina, with or without silica, and
also of phosphate of alumina, may be again applied to the defccation
of the saccharine product in the manner above described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Duncan, John Alexander Reina Newlands,
and Benjamin Edward Reina Newlands, in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 8th June 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
DUNCAN, of Mincing Lane, in the City of London, JOHN ALEXANDER
REINA NEWLANDS, of Mincing Lane, aforesaid, and BENJAMIN EDWARD

page_text: REINA NEWLANDS, of Clyde Wharf, Victoria Docks, in the County of
Essex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said James Duncan, John Alexander Reina
Newlands, and Benjamin Edward Reina Newlands, Her special license
that we, the said James Duncan, John Alexander Reina Newlands,
and Benjamin Edward Reina Newlands, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said James Duncan, John
Alexander Reina Newlands, and Benjamin Edward Reina Newlands,
our executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SACCHARINE SOLUTIONS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said James Duncan, John
Alexander Reina Newlands, and Benjamin Edward Reina Newlands,
by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the
hand and seal of one of us, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
'
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Duncan, John Alexander
Reina Newlands, and Benjamin Edward Reina Newlands, do hereby
declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, that is to say :-
In the application of steam to the purification of raw sugars
according to the process in respect of which Letters Patent were
granted to the said James Duncan on behalf of Morez Weinrich dated
the Twenty-eighth May, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four
(No. 1870), or by any similar process, a product is obtained materially
'differing from those products which are met with in the ordinary
process of sugar refining.

page_text: The object of this Invention is to submit this before mentioned
saccharine product, herein-after called the saccharine product, to a
defecating action or process in order that the saccharine matter con-
tained therein may be more advantageously obtained than in the
ordinary process of sugar refining.
The before-mentioned saccharine product consists of the washings of
crude sugar crystals, such washings containing sugar in admixture with
salts, coloring matters, albuminous matters, and other impurities; and
the object of this Invention is to effect the removal of some of these
impurities, so as to obtain an improved product from the saccharine
product, especially when such saccharine product is prepared chiefly
from cane sugar, and contains therefore a comparatively small pro-
portion of salts. In order to effect this object we add to the saccharine
product, at or about the ordinary temperature, a solution of sulphate
of alumina, or a solution of any phosphate of alumina, native or
artificial, in sulphuric acid; we then thoroughly agitate the mixture
for the space of, say, about half an hour, and then add milk of lime or
carbonate of lime in such quantity as is sufficient to render the liquor
neutral, or to remain slightly or only faintly acid. We then heat the
saccharine product which has been thus treated to a temperature of, say,
from about 150° to 170° Fahrenheit, and we then filter the same in the
usual way. In this manner good results are obtained, but a modi-
fication of the process may sometimes be advantageously adopted, viz.,
we firstly add to the saccharine product milk of lime or carbonate of
lime in sufficient quantity to neutralize or nearly neutralize and
decompose any of the before-mentioned acid substances or compounds
which may be afterwards added, and we subsequently add a solution of
sulphate of alumina or a solution of phosphate of alumina in sulphuric
acid in such quantity as to effect the defecation of the saccharine
product. In lieu of using a solution of sulphate of alumina the sulphate
of alumina may be used in the form of fine powder, either dry or made
into a paste with a small quantity of water.
The quantity of sulphate of alumina or of a solution of phosphate of
alumina in sulphuric acid to be added will vary with the impurities
present in the saccharine product, and may be easily ascertained by a
few trials or experiments on the small scale. We generally prefer to
add such an amount of one of the before-mentioned compounds of

page_text: alumina as will contain sufficient sulphuric acid to convert the whole
of the bases present into sulphates.
In employing the before-mentioned bodies for defecating the.
saccharine product referred to we prefer to work at the ordinary.
temperature, but the process may be carried out at an clevated tem-
perature. In such case however milk of lime or chalk in quantity
sufficient to neutralize or to nearly neutralize any acid substance which
may be present, or which may be added during the operation, should be
added to the saccharine product and mixed therewith either before or
immediately after the addition of the sulphate of alumina or of the
solution of phosphate of alumina in sulphuric acid.
The precipitate or precipitates formed during the above described
process consisting of alumina and of sulphate of lime, either with or
without silica, and phosphate of alumina or phosphate of lime, herein-
after called the lime sludge, may be washed on the filter and then be
added to a further quantity of the saccharine product, the whole.
mixture being well agitated, when a certain amount of the coloring
matters will be removed. In any case the saccharine product thus.
treated should be raised to a temperature of, say, from about 150° to
170° Fahrenheit before being submitted to filtration.
The above-mentioned lime sludge may be dissolved in sulphuric acid,
either with or without previous drying and incineration, and the
solutions of sulphate of alumina and also of phosphate of alumina may
be again applied to the defecation of the saccharine product in the
manner above described.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used
or carried into effect, we would observe in conclusion that what I
consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me by the herein-beforo in part recited Letters Patent is,
effecting the defecation of the saccharine product or products resulting
from the treatment of raw sugars by the process herein-before men-
tioned, or by any similar process by the employment of sulphate of
alumina or of a solution of phosphate of alumina in sulphuric acid, and
effecting the neutralization and the decomposition of the defecating

page_text: agent or agents by means of lime or of carbonate of lime, substantially
in the manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Alexander Reina Newlands,
on behalf of myself and the said James Duncan and Benjamin
Edward Reina Newlands, have to this our Specification set my
hand and seal, this Third day of June, One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-six.
JOHN ALEXANDER REINA NEWLANDS. (L.S.)