Improvements in Lathes.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Lathes.
We, THOMAS HUMPAGE, of 258, Coronation Road, in the City and County of
Bristol, Engineer, and HERBERT INNES JACQUES, of 153, Coronation Road, in the
City and County of Bristol, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in lathes. The bed is made in such a
manner that the upper part is divided longitudinally throughout, the edges of
each portion being angularly undercut both outside and inside. The saddle is
carried on the front portion of the bed, and the loose headstock on the back
portion. This arrangement allows the saddle to pass the loose headstock.
The loose headstock is made a good fit for the back portion of the bed, and is
secured in any position by tightening screws, which draw it against the inside
angular edge. The top part of this loose headstock is provided with 2 screws, which
permit it to be set over for turning tapers, at the same time it may be swivelled
to bring it in true alignment with the work being turned. Its centre is formed
in one with the main spindle, which can be moved in or out by means of a thread
formed in about the middle of its length. This thread engages with a ratchet
nut, which allows the whole spindle to be moved in rapidly without revolving.
For screw cutting a horizontal shaft, having a keyway cut along its whole
length, is carried in brackets on the lower part of the front of the bed. and revolves
in a fixed ratio of speed to the mandrel. A short metal sleeve bush, having
buttress threads cut on the outside, can be slid on this shaft by removing a loose
bush in the end bracket, and can be fixed in any desired position by coupling it
to a steel collar provided with set screws which engage in the keyway of the
shaft. A lever fixed to the apron of the saddle carries at one end a half nut cut
with corresponding threads to the sleeve bush above described, and a nut and
sleeve are provided for each pitch of thread to be cut. In screw cutting, when the
half nut on the end of the lever reaches the end of the screw on the sleeve bush,
it is automatically lifted up and thrown out of gear by means of a cam or lug
which is provided on the steel collar to which the screwed bushes are attached.
At the opposite end of the lever a handle is provided, and between this and the
fulcrum is fixed a pin which engages in a cam slot cut in a circular disc fixed to
the lower end of a vertical lever, which lever has its fulcrum on the saddle under
the surfacing slide. The upper end of this lever is cut with segmental teeth
which engage in a rack formed on the under side of an outer sliding hearing of
the surfacing screw.
When the handle before described is raised, and the nut
engaged with the leading screw. the action of the vertical lever moves the sur-
facing slide forward and puts the tool into cut. When the handle is depressed
and the nut lifted out of gear, the tool is at the same time withdrawn from its
cut. In cutting inside threads, the action is reversed by turning the cam disc a
half revolution. The successive advance of cuts is effected by rotating the
surfacing screw to any desired amount,

page_text: In the compound rest both the surfacing and the top slide are provided, on their
under sides, with metal racks cut to fit their screws. These screws are made of
such a length that they are protected from cutting by their own slides, and for
changing from compound rests to turret boring or turning heads, both slides
can be removed or replaced, without removing screws or other fittings. The top
part of the compound rest is made with an oblong slot by means of which it is
bolted down to the top slide by a stud and nut. This permits it to be swivelled
or moved across to any desired position. The tool is carried in another slot,
through which it passes from front to back, and which permits it to be tilted to
any desired angle; and it is secured in position by 2 set bolts running through the
block parallel to the bed.
Dated this 24th day of January 1898.
THOMAS HUMPAGE, of 258, Coronation Road, Bristol, Engineer, and HERBERT
INNES JACQUES, of 153, Coronation Road, Bristol, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in lathes and is illustrated by. the
following drawings;-
-
Fig. 1. Section through bed.
Figs. 2 & 3. Loose headstock.
Fig. 4. Front elevation of saddle.
Figs. 5 & 6. Capstan rest.
Figs. 7 & 8. Turret rest.
Figs. 9 & 10. Compound rest.
The bed is made in such a manner (Fig. 1), that the upper part is divided longi-
tudinally throughout, the edges of each portion being angularly undercut both
outside and inside. The saddle A is carried on the front portion of the bed B,
and the loose headstock C on the back portion 1). This arrangement allows the
saddle to pass the loose headstock.
The loose headstock (Figs. 2 & 3) is made a good fit for the back portion of the
bed D, and is secured in any position by two tightening screws E, E, which draw
it against the inside angular edge. The top part F of this loose headstock is
provided with 2 lugs F¹ which are capable of swivelling & which project down-
wards into recesses provided in the lower part D¹. These lugs are drilled &
threaded to receive 2 screws G, G, which permit F, to be set over for turning
tapers, at the same time it may be swivelled to bring it in true alignment with
the work being done. The centre H is formed in one with the main spindle,
which can be moved in or out by means of a thread I formed in about the middle
of its length. This thread engages with a ratchet nut J, which allows the whole
spindle to be moved in rapidly without revolving.
A horizontal shaft K (Figs. 1 & 4 having a keyway K' cut along its whole
length, is carried in brackets on the lower part of the front of the bed, and
revolves in a fixed ratio of speed to the mandrel. A short metal sleeve bush. R,
having buttress threads cut on the outside, can be slid on the shaft K by removing
a loose bush in the end bracket, and can be fixed in any desired position by

page_text: coupling it to a steel collar R¹ provided with a set screw T2 which engages in the
keyway K of the shaft K.
A lever L (Fig. 1) fixed to the apron of the saddle
carries at one end a half nut M, cut with corresponding threads to the sleeve
bush R above described, and a nut and sleeve are provided for each pitch of thread to
be cut. In screw-cutting when the half nut M on the end of the lever L reaches
the end of the screw on the sleeve bush R, it is automatically lifted up & thrown
out of gear by means of a cam or lug S, which is provided on the sleeve collar to
which the screwed bushes are attached. At the opposite end of the lever La
handle N is provided, and between this and the fulcrum is fixed a pin 0, which
engages in a cam slot P cut in a circular disc Q, fixed to the lower end of a vertical
lever Z, which lever has its fulcrum on the saddle under the surfacing slide. The
upper end of this lever is cut with segmental teeth S', which engage in a rack T
formed on the under side of an outer sliding bearing of the surfacing screw.
When the handle above described is raised and the nut engaged with the leading
screw, the action of the vertical lever Z moves the surfacing slide forward and
puts the tool into cut. When the handle is depressed and the nut lifted out of
gear, the tool is at the same time withdrawn from its cut. By turning over the
cam disc Q the action is reversed for cutting inside threads. The successive
advance of cut is effected by revolving the surfacing screw to any desired amount.
In the compound rest (Figs. 9 & 10) both the surfacing and the top slide are
provided on their under sides with metal racks T¹ cut to fit their screws. These
screws are made of such a length that they are protected from cuttings by their
own slides, and both for changing from compound rest (Figs. 9 & 10) to capstan
rest (Figs. 5 & 6) or turret rest (Figs. 7 & S) the slides can be removed and
replaced without removing screws or any other fittings. The top part U of the
compound rest is made with an oblong slot V, by means of which it is bolted down
to the top slide by a stud and nut W. This permits it to be swivelled or moved
across to any desired position. The tool is carried in another slot X, through
which it passes from front to back, and which permits it to be tilted to any desired
angle, and it is secured by two set bolts Y, Y, running through the block parallel
to the bed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
(1) In lathe beds the provision of two separate parts, on the front one of which
the saddle is carried, and on the other the loose headstock, in such a manner that
the saddle is free to pass the loose headstock, substantially as described and
particularly shown in Fig. 1.
(2) In loose headstocks for lathes the provision of a spindle made in one piece
which is capable of being quickly moved in, substantially as described and
particularly shown in Figs. 2 & 3.
(3) In loose headstocks for lathes the provision of a top part carrying the
spindle, which is capable of being swivelled into any desired position, substantially
as described & particularly shown in Figs. 2 and 3.
(4) In screw-cutting lathes the use of changable nuts and sleeves adjustable
longitudinally, for each pitch of thread to be cut, substantially as described &
particularly shown in Figs. 1 & 4.
(5) In screw-cutting lathes the provision of an automatic gear for withdrawing
the tool, substantially as described and particularly shown in Figs. 1 & 4.
(6) In lathe slide rests the use of a rack and screw for moving same substan-
tially as described and particularly shown in Figs. 1 and 4 to 10.
(7) In compound rests for lathes the provision of a tool holder in which the
tool is gripped against the vertical wall of a slot, substantially as described and
particularly shown in Figs. 9 & 10.
(8) In compound rests for lathes the provision of a tool holder which is capable

page_text: of being swivelled into any desired position after the tool is fixed, substantially as
described & particularly shown in Figs. 9 & 10.
(9) In lathes the combination of compound slide rest, turret boring head, and
turret turning head, all interchangable on the saddle, substantially as described
and particularly shown in Figs. 4 to 10.
Dated this Twenty-fourth day of October 1898.
THOMAS HUMPAGE.
HERBERT I. JACQUES.