Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Aug., 1899-Accepted, 4th Nov., 1899
I, OSCAR BERNHARD HELLSTRÖм, of No. 87, Phillip Street, in the City of
Sydney and Colony of New South Wales, Clerk, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be par-
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in electric arc lamps and has been
devised in order to produce such a lamp economical in construction and in use,
and from which is emitted a steady light.
These improvements in electric arc lamps consist in the novel construction of
the carbon electrodes, in the presentation or set of these carbons to one another,
in the novel construction and arrangement of devices by which these carbons are
held and supported, in the particular combination with the supporting devices
of regulating devices of novel construction, and in the novel construction of
the improved lamp as a whole.
But in order that this invention may be clearly understood, reference will
now be made to the drawings herewith in which Figure 1 is an elevation partly
in section of an electric arc lamp constructed according to the present improve-
ments, and Figure 2 is a plan of the base of the same. Figure 3 is a sectional
elevation on the line A A Figure 1. Figure 4 shows details of the frame-bars,
while Figures 5 and 6 are plan and central sectional elevation respectively of
the carbon holders.
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The lamp is enclosed by a globe a with a ring or bezel b taking in any ordinary
manner around the edge of foundation plate or base by which the lamp is
screwed or otherwise affixed to a permanent horizontal support, or, as is shown
in the drawing, is screwed on to the pendant bracket arm or rod d. The frame-
bars e and of the carbon supports pass through this base c, being insulated
therefrom by thimbles and washers or the like, and are affixed thereto by top
and bottom nuts g, by means of which also their length may be accurately ad-
justed. The frame-bar e is jointed at h, so that its lower part is free to move
towards and from the other frame bar f. In a hollow enlargement of this
bar e and upon an insulating thimble i is pivotted the axis rod j of the flanged
core of a solenoid whose wound reel is marked . The ends or flanges of the
reel 7 being prolonged are secured to flanges or feet m of the base c being insu-
lated therefrom. The axis rod j is supported on rollers n in the hollow enlarge-
ment of frame bar f, and passing through a plate o, and a helical spring p
terminates in a nut q. The spring p is of such resilient force that, when no
electric current is passing, it will draw the axis j, the core and the hinged
frame bar e, and its dependent supports towards the frame bar f, but will
allow the solenoid, when charged with current of the desired resistance, to over-
come it. Depending angularly and by means of hinges or rather ball joints r
and s from the frame reds e and f are the supporting devices of the carbons
consisting of frames or forks with one leg hinged or jointed, and having
tightening set screw T. Each fork has centres or bearings w in which takes
the centre pin or pintle x of the centre y and arms . Each arm z terminates

page_text: in a spring or other clip or as shown in a hinge clip with tightening screw 1.
The annular carbons or carbon rings 2 having been previously prepared of the
Bection shewn or of other approved section are securely held in these clips at
the end of arms z. On the upper face of the base c is secured an adjustable
resistance coil 3 to which the main line wire is .connected as well understood.
The course of the electric current is denoted on the drawings by arrows and by
plus and minus signs.
Now being turned on, the current having passed through the resistance
coil 3, passes through the reel or coil of the solenoid and down bar f through
the supporting devices to the carbon ring 2, thence to the opposite carbon
ring 2, which hangs towards it by reason of its weight and by being drawn
in that direction by the spring p on the axis rod j of the core k of the solenoid.
The circuit being completed, the solenoid will become sufficiently magnetized
for the core k to overcome the force of the spring p, and so force the frame-
bar e on its hinge or joint h outwardly, and carry the carbon 2 on the dependent
support therefrom away from the carbon 2 on the fixed supports depending from
frame-bar f, and so form the electric arc. As the flanged core is drawn in
by the charged reel of the solenoid, the end or flange of said reel becoming
also magnetized, will seize and hold to its face the flange of said core, and 80
prevent any undue movement. When the circuit is broken the solenoid be-
comes inoperative, and the spring p again exerts its force to bring the carbon elec-
trodes together again. Thus the force of the spring and that of the solenoid
acting oppositely one to the other, regulate and maintain the proper distance
for the arc between the carbon electrodes. The ball joints and s enable the
inclination and set of the supports and holders to be easily adjusted so that
the carbon rings are placed in the most advantageous position for their purpose.
The carbon ring holders being loosely held in centres w, the heaviest part of
the carbon rings will always be at the lowest point which is the point of con-
sumption or regulated near to the point of consumption, and as the carbon
is gradually consumed the fresh heavier part of the ring will take the place of
that so made lighter. The maintenance, as before described, of the proper dis-
tance for the arc and this automatic supplying of the heaviest part of the carbons,
ensures the emission of a steady light.
Referring to Figs. 7 and 8, the are producing parts are similar to those here-
inbefore described with reference to the other figures, have the same functions
and are marked with similar letters. The carbon holders, however, have arms 4
to give a longer bearing, and have upon them toothed wheels 5. These toothed
wheels are each in gear with an insulated or insulating toothed pinion on
spindle in bearings 8 and 9, which spindle 7 also carries toothed wheel 10
in gear with toothed pinion 11 on the end of spindle 12, having bearings 13
and 14 and carrying on its other end worm wheel 15 in gear with worm or
endless screw 16 on the end of a spindle 17 from clock work or spring driven
mechanism 18. This ensures that the carbons are slowly revolved and so con-
stantly present fresh carbon to one another and thus be regularly consumed.
Instead of spindle 17 being driven by clockwork it might be actuated by a small
electric motor in a shunt from the main line or in the main circuit. It is to
be seen that other methods of presenting the carbon rings one to the other
might easily be designed or that but one such ring might be used in combination
with a stationary electrode without departing from the nature of these improve-
ments.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare what
I claim is:-
First. In an electric arc lamp an electrode or electrodes formed of a carbon
ring or carbon rings presented to the other electrode or to one another as and
for the purposes set forth substantially as herein described and explained.

page_text: Second. In an electric arc lamp an electrode or electrodes formed of annular
carbons or carbon rings presented or set angularly to one another as and for
the purposes set forth substantially as herein described and explained.
Third. In an electric arc lamp the combination with electrodes formed of
carbon rings of supporting devices and holders so constructed that said carbon
rings will automatically constantly present their heavier and thickest part to
the passing current substantially as herein described and explained.
Fourth. In an electric arc lamp the combination with electrodes formed
of carbon rings of supporting devices and holders and power mechanism so
constructed that said carbon rings will be revolved and constantly present fresh
material to the point of consumption substantially as herein described and
explained.
Fifth. In an electric arc lamp the combination with electrodes formed of
carbon rings of a solenoid and a counter-spring between a fixed and a jointed
frame bar from which depend the supporting and holding devices of said carbon
rings, substantially as herein described and explained.
Sixth. In an electric arc lamp the combination with a carbon ring electrode
of devices for holding such rings circumferentially around a centre pin or pintle
such as, and a support for said pintle, jointed to a depending frame bar, sub-
stantially as herein described and explained and as illustrated in the drawings.
Seventh. In an electric arc lamp, the combination with carbon ring holders
depending supports therefor, and a fixed frame bar such as f, and jointed frame
bar such as e of a solenoid coil such as l, a solenoid core such as k, an insulated
axis rod such as j, and a spring such as p, substantially as herein described and
explained and as illustrated in the drawings.
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Eighth. The combination and arrangement together of all the parts forming
an improved electric arc lamp, substantially as herein described and explained
and as illustrated in Figures 1 to 6 of the drawings.
Ninth. The combination and arrangement together of all the parts forming
an improved electric arc lamp, substantially as herein described and explained
and as illustrated in Figures 7 and 8 of the drawings.
Dated this 25th day of July One thousand eight hundred and ninety-nine.
OSCAR HELLSTRÖM.