IMPROVE- MENTS IN WEAVING FRINGES
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Maddox, of Thomas Street, Brick Lane,
Edward Gardner, of Buxton Street, and George Dyer Green, of Weaver
Street, all in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WEAVING FRINGES."
Sealed the 16th January 1855, and dated the 23rd October 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Maddox, Edward
Gardner, and George Dyer Green at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 23rd October 1854.
We, JOHN MADDOX, of Thomas Street, Brick Lane, EDWARD GARDNER, of
Buxton Street, and GEORGE DYER GREEN, of Weaver Street, all in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WEAVING FRINGES" to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the weaving of fringes in comparatively
narrow spaces in a loom to what have hitherto been required for weaving like
widths of fringes, the weft which forms the fringe in each case being acted on
by adjustable instruments, so as to be capable of being set or adjusted for
yarying the width of fringe produced, and thus to admit of weaving various
widths of fringe at different times in the same spaces in the loom. For
this purpose the warps for two pieces of fringe are arranged side by side at a
short distance apart, and several pairs of such warps are so arranged in

page_text: number, according to the width of the loom employed. Each shuttle carries
the weft to weave two pieces of fringe, which are afterwards divided, by cutting
through the weft threads which connect them together, as is well understood.
The width of fringe to each pair of warps is governed by the action of an
adjustable instrument or pusher (there being one of such instruments to each
pair of warps), in connection with a frame which receives a to and fro move-
ment by means of-cords and pullies, connected to a lever-arm-fixed to the
batten, or in any other convenient manner. After each weft is thrown across,
the instrument or pusher moves, and, by taking hold of or pressing against
the weft thread, carries it with it, so as to extend the quantity thereof
between the warp threads to such an extent as the width of fringe may
require. The instrument or pusher is capable of adjustment on the frame,
so as to produce at different times various widths of fringe in the same loom.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Maddox, Edward Gardner, and George Dyer Green in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 23rd April 1855:
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
MADDOX, of Thomas Street, Brick Lane, EDWARD GARDNER, of Buxton Street,
and GEORGE DYER GREEN, of Weaver Street, all in the County of Middlesex,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself. Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said John Maddox, Edward Gardner, and George Dyer Green, Her
special licence that we, the said John Maddox, Edward Gardner, and George
Dyer Green, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we,
the said John Maddox, Edward Gardner, and George Dyer Green, our, execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING FRINGES," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that we, the said John Maddox, Edward Gardner, and
George Dyer Green, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals,
or under the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly describe and

page_text: ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
1
- NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Gardner, on behalf of myself
and the said John Maddox and George Dyer Green, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, that is to say:-
•
This Invention has for its object the weaving of fringes in comparatively
narrow spaces in a loom to what have hitherto been required for weaving like
widths of fringes, the weft which forms the fringe in each case being acted on
by adjustable instruments, so as to be capable of being set or adjusted for
varying the width of fringe produced, and thus to admit of weaving various
widths of fringe at different times in the same spaces in the loom. For this
purpose the warps' for two pieces of fringe are arranged side by side at a short
distanee apart, and several pairs of such warps are so arranged in number
according to the width of the loom employed. Each shuttle carries the weft
to weave two pieces of fringe, which are afterwards divided, by cutting through
the weft threads which connect them together, as is well understood. The
width of fringe to each pair of warps is governed by the action of an adjust-
able instrument or pusher (there being one of such instruments to each pair
of warps), in connection with a frame which receives' a to 'and fro movement
by means of cords and pullies, connected to a lever arm fixed to the batten, or
in any other convenient manner. After each weft is thrown across, the instru-
ment or pusher moves, and, by taking hold of or pressing against the weft
thread, carries it with it, so as to extend the quantity thereof between the
warp threads to such an extent as the width of fringe may require. The
instrument or pusher is capable of adjustment on the frame, so as to produce
at different times various widths of fringe in the same loom.
"Having thus stated the nature of the Invention, we will proceed to describe
the manner of performing the same.
* DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows a transverse section of a loom suitably arranged for weaving
fringes of various widths according to our Invention; Figures 2 and 3 show
detached views of some of the parts on a larger scale. The arrangement
and construction of looms for weaving narrow fabrics, such as ribbons and
fringes, being well understood, it will only be necessary to describe the nature

page_text: and working of those parts of the loom which relate to our present improve-
ments, as a workman acquainted with this class of machinery will readily
understand (aided by the Drawings) the working and application of our im-
provements in combination with those parts which are well known and under-
stood. The warp threads for two pieces of fringe are arranged side by side at
a short distance apart, sufficient space being left between each pair of warps
to admit of the free passage of the instrument or pusher a, which comes
forward from behind the batten after each weft thread has been thrown across
each pair of warps, (one shuttle being employed to carry the weft for each
pair of warps.) Each instrument or pusher a in coming forward takes hold
of the weft thread last thrown across the two warps, and carries or pushes it
towards the breast beam, a distance suitable for the length of fringe intended
to be made, and which will in each case be governed by the distance the
instrument a is permitted to move forward with its bar a', to which the series
of instruments a are affixed, and this is adjusted by set screws. The bar a',
which carries the instruments a, receives a to and fro movement in the follow-
ing manner-a² is a cam or tappet (one at each end of the machine), fixed
on the cam shaft or axis b, which cams act on levers a³, moving on pin joints
fixed to the framing; the other ends of the levers a³ are connected to pullies a³
by the straps a', which are fixed to the smaller circumference of the pullies a³,
the larger circumference of the pullies as being connected by straps a to the
slides a', which move to and fro in guides fixed to the inside of the framing;
the slides a are connected by the bar a', which carries the instruments a.
a is a weight to draw the slide and instruments to their original position.
Each successive weft thread, as it is pushed forward by the instrument a, is
moved under, and retained by, the latch or instrument c, carried by a pin joint
on the breast beam, in the following manner :-The end of the instrument a is
forked, and has a notch formed on it to receive the weft thread, and as it
moves forward, the curved or inclined end of the instrument centers between
the forked end of the instrument a, and is acted upon by the weft thread,
so as to raise the latch or instrument c, and when the instrument a moves
back a step on the under side of the instrument c, falls over the weft thread
left by the instrument a, and retains it until the take-up moves it away.
The woven parts of the fringe are conducted over the guides d, d, fixed
to the breast beam, and are wound on the outer circumference of the pulley e,
the intervening weft which is to form the fringe being allowed to sink into the
space formed between the two outer portions of such pulley.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, we would have it understood that we make no claim to

page_text: any of the mechanical parts separately, nor do we confine ourselves thereto
so long as the peculiarity of our Invention be retained; but what we claim is,
the combining the parts of a loom for weaving fringes, that the different
widths of fringe may at different times be woven in the same space, as herein
explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Gardner, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
Witness,
JOHN EDKINS.
EDWARD GARDNER. (L.S.)