matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED MODE OF FINISHING FELTED GOODS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th November 1873.-A communication from abroad by John Foster
-Greene, of Brooklyn, in the State of New York, United States of
America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF
FINISHING FELTED GOODS," to be as follows:-
It is well known that felted goods finished according to the ordinary
process are liable to lose very quickly the character which that process
has imparted to them when exposed to wear, as the fibres of the wool
are simply pressed flat upon the face of the fabric and are not thereby
made capable of resisting the raising action of sweeping or brushing or
even the ordinary friction of use. Exposure also to a damp atmosphere
has the effect of raising the depressed fibres.
In order to remedy these objections it is now proposed to corrugate
the face of felted goods by submitting them to the action of fluted rolls
heated to a high temperature. For this purpose a pair of metal rolls is

page_text: •
to be provided, the one being a plain or smooth roll to receive the back
of the fabric, and the other fluted or grooved longitudinally to form
thereon lines or ribs of any required fineness. Pressure being imparted
to this roll (to suit the fabric under treatment) it will in acting upon the
face of the fabric as the latter passes between the rolls serve to corrugate
the same. The result thus obtained not only gives great firmness to the
goods, but the fibres of the wool thus pressed down by the flutes or ribs
of the heated roll will be protected from the friction to which the fabric
is exposed and will therefore remain in the depressed position.
In addition to the above advantages dyed or printed felted goods when
thus treated will equal in appearance the finest rep goods in the
market.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMBING WOOL AND OTHER FIBRES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Shepherd and
James Scott at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 14th February 1873.
We, WILLIAM HENRY SHEPHERD, of Bradford, in the County of
York, Spinner and Manufacturer, and JAMES SCOTT, of Bradford, afore-
said, Overlooker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMBING WOOL AND OTHER FIBRES," to be
as follows:-
Our improvements are more adapted for application to the "Lister
comb," or to the "Rawson comb," but may be applied to the "Noble's
comb "
or to other machines for such purpose having circular combs,
and the object of the Invention is to clear or cleanse the noil end of the
tufts detached from the bulk of the fibre. To effect this object we
apply to the interior of the circular comb a similar comb, but of less
diameter and rotating eccentrically therewith, the teeth of the interior
circle are in close approximation to the teeth of the larger or outer
circle at the point opposite and nearest the feeding head, so that as
the tufts of fibre are detached they are deposited with the noil ends
on the inner circle. A "presser" or holding-down knife holds the fibre

page_text: securely in the teeth of the outer circle until cleared or combed by
reason of the two circles diverging, whereon a hooked knife or instru-
ment assists in separating the noil end of the fibre from the cleansed
tuft, the noil only being left in the teeth of the inner or smaller circle.
The combed wool is then drawn off by drawing-off rollers in the
ordinary way, any short fibre which may remain in the outer circle
by reason of the drawing-off rollers not reaching the same is lifted
out of teeth by means of lifting knives and thence passes between
rollers placed at an angle so as to "throw over" the fibre nearly to the
outer edge of the circle, whereon it is again pressed into the teeth
thereon by means of a dabbing brush; this protruding fibre is in like
manner held by means of a presser or holding-down knife and subjected
to a clearing or cleansing operation performed by means of a segmental
comb to which a to-and-fro motion is imparted by means of an arm and
connecting rod or crank, this comb may pierce the fibre from above;
being brought into position above the fibre by means of inclines which
it ascends on the return of the comb; the latter whilst lasting the fibre
travels on horizontal supports under the inclines which may be hinged
in order to admit of the comb passing under the lower part thereof, or
the segmental comb may pierce the protruding fibre from below, being
worked by eccentric or cams and levers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FOUNDRY OR CUPOLA FURNACES
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Bell, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Iron-
master, and Alfred Goodman, of the same Place, Engineer and
Ironfounder, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FOUNDRY OR
CUPOLA FURNACES."
Sealed the 15th April 1873, and dated the 20th February 1873.
PROVISIONAL SECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Bell and Alfred
Goodman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 20th February 1873.
We, THOMAS BELL, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Ironmaster, and ALFRED
GOODMAN, of the same Place, Engineer and Ironfounder, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FOUNDRY
OR CUPOLA FURNACES," to be as follows:-

page_text: pass out into the atmosphere, a very large amount of waste of fuel
thereby occurring. To remedy this evil a second or auxiliary cupola is
placed at a convenient distance from the first, which latter has a closed
top and a connection is established with the second cupola by a conduit
or tube along which the gas is conducted. This tube or conduit which
conveys the gas from the first or generating cupola may be fitted with a
number of tuyer pipes connected with the main blast pipe which
introduce air to ignite the gas, thus the tube or conduit may be made to
serve as a combustion chamber in which the gases are partly burnt
before entering the second cupola.
In some cases a combustion chamber other than the tube or conduit
may be used. The second cupola may be placed either at a higher or
lower elevation than the gas generating cupola. The gas may also be
conveyed to the second cupola through a conduit under ground. The
first or gas generating cupola may be placed intermediate between two
auxiliary cupolas, and the gas conducted to either or both by the aid of
dampers placed for that purpose.
The operation of charging the gas generator may be performed either
altogether through the top of the cupola or partly through a door in the
side, the latter arrangement is convenient, heavy lumps of metal at the
commencement of the operation and before blowing being charged by a
door at the side, which is afterwards closed and made air-tight, the
remainder of the charging taking place through a hopper at the top of
the cupola.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE SUPPLY OF WATER TO WATERCLOSETS AND OTHER PLACES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Hooper Hammett at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 19th May 1873.
I, SAMUEL HOOPER HAMMETT, of Southwark, in the County of Surrey,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE SUPPLY OF WATER TO WATERCLOSETS AND OTHER
PLACES," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to control the supply of water to
cisterns of waterclosets and urinals on the constant supply system,
and to prevent waste.
My Invention consists in an arrangement by which it is impossible
for the inlet or ball valve and the outlet or delivery valve to be both partly
open at the same time, as is sometimes the case in the apparatus as
hitherto constructed. For this purpose the ball rod is provided with an
arm which works in a slot in the lever by which the outlet or delivery
valve is opened. This arm is so constructed that if the ball be down or
partly down it will first be raised and retained in its highest position

page_text: by the lever so as to close the inlet ball valve before the closet valve is
opened, or if the ball be already up it will be held in that position, and
the inlet valve will consequently be kept closed so long as the outlet or
delivery valve remains open. The arm is made of such form that the
lever during the first portion of its movement will bear against and
raise the ball, but the upper part of the arm being curved to the circle
described by the lever, the latter during the last portion of its movement
will simply hold the ball in its raised position whilst it opens the delivery
valve. Or the same result may be obtained by providing the arm with
a spring arrangement by which the ball will first be raised but which
will then yield and allow the lever to complete its movement and open
the delivery valve. As the delivery valve must be closed before the ball
valve can again be opened, no more than the contents of the cistern will
be delivered each time the delivery valve is opened.
NEW OR IMPROVED MEANS OF UTILIZING BY STEAM BOILERS THE HEAT ORDINARILY WASTed in Burning LiNE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Power at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
December 1873.
I, WILLIAM POWER, of Affane House, Cappoquin, County of Waterford,
Ireland, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "NEW OR IMPROVED MEANS OF UTILIZING BY STEAM BOILERS THE HEAT
ORDINARILY WASTed in Burning LiNE," to be as follows :-
:-
The Invention comprises the constructing, combining, connecting, or
adapting lime kilns and steam boilers with or by means of flues applied
so as to pass or convey the heated gases or products of combustion, which
ordinarily are wasted in burning the lime to steam boilers in such
manner that they may be utilized or rendered available for heating
purposes in reduction of the quantity of fuel which would otherwise be
required for producing steam.
It is contemplated that the flues should be of brickwork or tiles or
iron, and should extend from the top or sides of a kiln to and develop
into a jacketing or clothing around the boiler, the flues and the

page_text: jacketing or clothing being sometimes themselves protected against
unnessary cooling by being clothed or surrounded by charcoal or some
badly heat-conducting substance or material, and that the said flues and
jacketing should communicate either directly with a chimney shaft or
indirectly therewith by or through the furnace, and sometimes that the
jacketing or development of the flues should be omitted, the flues in
this case communicating with the furnace direct.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REGISTER STOVES OR GRATES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Brown at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
November 1873.
I, FREDERICK BROWN, of the Firm of Brown and Green, of Luton,
in the County of Bedford, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REGISTER STOVES OR GRATES," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to construct a simple and efficient
register grate in such a manner that a continuous stream of warmed
air may be delivered from it into a room or conveyed to any part of
a building requiring to be warmed. For this purpose I form the
register grate with an air chamber passing around it from top to bottom,
or nearly so, at the back and two sides. Air is introduced to the side
parts of this chamber from openings at the front near their lower end';
above these openings there are horizontal partitions which compel the
air which enters at the front to pass to the back before it can rise up
into the upper part of the chamber and there escape by suitable
openings either into the room or be conveyed to any part of a building
to be warmed.
:

page_text: The back of the chamber is by preference made of wrought iron,
and the back and side plates of the grate also of wrought iron or steel.
The fire-box is separate from the back and side plates, and is itself
formed with back and side plates and with front and bottom bars. The
side plates may be carried down below the fire bars so as to form
supports for the fire-box. By this means all danger of parts of the air
chamber becoming overheated are avoided.
Air may be admitted to the lower part of the heated air chamber
either from the room or from the outer air.
AN IMPROVED MIXTURE FOR PREPARING FARINACEOUS COMPOUNDS FOR BAKING
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Archibald Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
October 1873.
I, ARCHIBALD CLARK, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Biscuit Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED MIXTURE FOR PREPARING FARINACEOUS COMPOUNDS
FOR BAKING," to be as follows, that is to say :-
-
This Invention has for its object to improve bread, biscuits, and other
baked products formed from wheat flour or other farinaceous compounds,
and in carrying it out according to one modification about 18 pounds of
linseed are steeped in 100 gallons of water for several days, and there is
then added to the mucilaginous and albuminous solution or liquid
thus obtained one pound sodium bi-carbonate, one pound ammonium
carbonate, and one pound tartaric acid. The mixture thus formed is
added to the flour or farinaceous matter in quantity to give the
consistency required for the bread, biscuit, or other baked product that
is to be made.

page_text: The strength of the mucilaginous liquid obtained from the linseed
may be varied, or a similar liquid may be obtained for the same purpose
from other seeds, grain, or vegetable matter, whilst in some cases a
small portion of albumin or gluten may be added to the mucilaginous
matter or be substituted for it.
AN IMPROVED PACKAGE FOR BUTTER
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Coey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
August 1873.
I, JAMES COEY, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Commission Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"AN IMPROVED PACKAGE FOR BUTTER," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object to preserve butter from atmospheric
influences and injury during transit, or when stored, or otherwise kept,
previous to being used.
The Invention consists in the employment of boxes or cases of sizes
sufficient to contain the butter in the quantities wherein it is usually
sold to consumers, at the same time avoiding the injury and waste due
to further manipulation between the time when it is packed and when
used; which injurious treatment is inherent to the existing practice of
packing butter in bulk.
The boxes or cases in which the butter is packed are made of wood
which by reason of its non-conducting propertics keeps the butter cool,
and theroby preserves it. The boxes or cases may or may not be lined

page_text: with cloth, which may be moistened with brine to still further keep
the butter cool.
The boxes or cases may be of any required shape, such as circular,
oval, square or polygonal; the sides being made of thin wood bent
to the desired form, the top and bottom being fixed in by pegs.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERING POTS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Bartlett Little at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd June 1873.
I, FREDERICK BARTLETT LITTLE, of the City of Bath, Solicitor, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WATERING POTS," to be as follows :-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
watering pot for gardens, greenhouses, conservatories, and other like
places, and has for its object the obviating the tilting of the can and the
spilling of water, whilst it also enables the can to be so easily held that
a larger can may be used with facility.
The improved watering pot consists of a can by preference of an oval
form of any suitable capacity or material, such can having a single
handle placed lengthwise of the oval across the top. In the bottom of
this can near the front thereof there is an aperture communicating with
This pipe may be
a straight pipe projecting from the front of the can.
made in one or more lengths joined together to adapt it to flower beds
of any width, and may be fitted with the usual rose jet or otherwise.

page_text: Inside the can is a spring or other valve which closes the orifice of the
pipe, and this valve is opened when water is to be discharged by a rod
or spindle passing up through the cross handle and fitted with a button
at the upper end, which button on being depressed by the thumb will at
once open the valve and discharge the water. On releasing the button
again the valve instantly closes and the discharge ceases,
Sockets may be provided in the sides of the can for receiving a prop
for elevating the same, in which position the valve would be opened
by pulling downwards a wire passing through a tube inside the can and
connected to the before-mentioned spindle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL OR PREPARED FUEL FROM ANTHRACITE DUST OR 'CULM' OR FROM OTHER COAL DUST
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Harrison and Francis
Page at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 26th April 1873.
We, HENRY HARRISON and FRANCIS PAGE, both of the City and
County of Dublin, Ireland, Manufacturers of Patent Fuel, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL OR PREPARED FUEL FROM ANTHRACITE DUST OR
'CULM' OR FROM OTHER COAL DUST," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to a former Invention for which the said Henry
Harrison has petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto him Letters Patent.
In the said former Invention anthracite dust or other coal dust was
incorporated with clay, salt, and water by the action of edge runners,
and the mixture when in a more or less plastic condition was forced
through perforations, and after having been dried or become sufficiently
dry was in a suitable condition to be used as fuel.
According to our present Invention we incorporate peat with the said
anthracite dust or coal dust. The said peat is preferably used in a wet

page_text: state, so much being added to the dust as will furnish a suitable degree
of moisture.
We prefer to incorporate the dust and peat, and otherwise to treat the
mixture of dust and peat by the same or similar machinery to that
employed when carrying the aforesaid former Invention into effect, but 5
other suitable machinery may be employed for the purpose if preferred.
We may add clay, or clay and salt, or other suitable ingredients to the
anthracite or coal dust and peat if found to be desirable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING THE FALLING OF CAGES, SKIPS, OR APPLIANCES IN THE SHAFTS OR UPTAKES OF PITS, WAREHOUSES, AND OTHER PLACES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Partridge Barnard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition on the
5th February 1873.
I, JOHN PARTRIDGE BARNARD, of Ebley, near Stroud, in the County
of Gloucester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING THE FALLING OF CAGES, SKIPS,
OR APPLIANCES IN THE SHAFTS OR UPTAKES OF PITS, WAREHOUSES, AND OTHER
PLACES," to be as follows:-
-
This Invention relates to apparatus to be arranged to or in connection
with cages, skips, or appliances in the shafts or uptakes of pits, ware-
houses, or other places, whereby the cages, skips, or appliances can
be retained at any portion of the shaft on the breaking of the hauling
rope or chain.
The apparatus consists mainly of cross timbers or bars working
upon a common centre, or on separate centres, and with the four legs
extending outwards, the lower ones being shaped to engage into teeth
or detents in or on the side walls of the shaft or uptake, when acted
upon by springs arranged in connection with the legs. The upper

page_text: legs of the timbers or bars are attached by chains or ropes to the
hauling rope and they are kept taut by the weight of the cage or
skip, so that the lower legs are kept clear of the teeth or detents while
the apparatus is suspended.
The apparatus is shaped to suit the form of the cages or skips used, 5
and these may be secured to a ring or cye bolt at the centre of the
apparatus or at any other part as found convenient.
In some cases the hole in which the centre bolt or bolts are fitted is
slotted to permit of a certain amount of fall to the legs before they are
extended by the action of the springs.
1
The method of action on the breaking of the hauling rope is as
follows: The springs draw the two legs on cach side towards cach
other, and their or one of their ends engage into the teeth in the side
walls and thereby prevent the apparatus dropping any further. Tho
cross timbers are arranged like the letter X, and they swivel upon a 1
bolt in an upright to which the hauling rope is attached at the upper
part, as also the cage or skip at the lower part.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF OBTAINING PHOTOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS, AND APPARATUS FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis John Bolton and Charles
Edmund Webber at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 24th February 1878.
WO, FRANCIS JOHN BOLTON, of No. 21, Grosvenor Mansions, West-
minster, in the County of Middlesex, a Major in the Army, and CHARLES
EDMUND WEBBOR, of No. 91, Cornwall Gardens, Kensington, in the
County of Middlesex, a Major of the Royal Engineers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF OBTAINING
PHOTOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS, AND APPARATUS FOR THAT PURPOSE," to be as
follows:-
It is known that certain bodies when exposed to light of greator or
less intensity become changed in their electrical conductivity or
resistance.
According to our present Invention we apply this principle to the
measurement of light and of the comparative transparency or density of
translucent substances in the following manner :-We place the body to
bo acted on by the light in an electrical circuit, in which circuit thoro is
also placed an electrometer or other known gauge of electrical resistance.

page_text: On the body thus placed in the electrical circuit we direct the light, tho
valuo of which is to be measured; or we direct light passed through the
substance whose transparency or density is to be tested, and we employ
tho measurement of altered conductivity or resistance of the body
furnished by the electrometer or other gaugo as an index of the value of
the light, or of the alteration to which light is subjected by the inter-
position of the more or less. transparent or dense substance through
which it is passed.
It will be understood that by this method and apparatus photometric
measurements may be obtained in terms of electrical measurement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MASTS AND SPARS FOR SHIPS, THE SAME BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF TELEGRAPHIC, RAILWAY, AND OTHER SIGNAL POSTS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Crispin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th May 1873.
I, WILLIAM HENRY CRISPIN, of Marsh Gate Lane, Stratford, in the
County of Essex, Copper Smelter, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MASTS AND SPARS
FOR SHIPS, THE SAME BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF TELEGRAPHIC,
RAILWAY, AND OTHER SIGNAL POSTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of certain improvements in the construction
of masts and spars for ships, and telegraph, railway, and other signal
posts, and whereby great strength is obtained. The masts, spars, or
posts are composed of series of iron or steel tubes, such as the tubes
known as "gas tubes" and "steam tubes," concentrically arranged, and
in such numbers as are requisite for the size of the mast, spar, or post
desired to be manufactured, the interstices or spaces between the tubes
being if desired filled in with wood, and the whole being bound together
with a series of iron hoops placed at suitable distances from each other.
When it is desired that the mast, spar, or post shall be of a tapered form

page_text: such result is attained by using successively smaller tubes, and omitting
such of the concentric series as may be necessary. By preference a
wooden core is employed when the tapered form is required. In cases
in which very large and strong masts, spars, or posts are required it is
preferred to employ a cross of flat iron continued the entire or nearly
the entire length, and to fill in the angular spaces between the plates by
which the cross is formed with such tubes as before mentioned in com-
bination with wood, the whole being hooped together with iron hoops.
In all cases it is essential that the tubes (the lengths of which are
screwed or otherwise suitably connected) should be so arranged as to
"break joint."
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING IRON FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF TIN PLATES OR BLACK PLATES
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Maybery, of Old Castle Iron and Tin
Plate Company, Limited, Llanelly, South Wales, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING IRON FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF TIN
PLATES OR BLACK PLATES."
Sealed the 10th June 1873, and dated the 3rd April 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Maybery at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd April 1878.
I, JOSEPH MAYBERY, of Old Castle Iron and Tin Plate Company,
Limited, Llanelly, South Wales, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING IRON FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF
TIN PLATES OR BLACK PLATES," to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in preparing iron for
the manufacture of tin plates or black plates. The pig or cast iron is

page_text: charged into a refinery technically termed a melting fire, and melted in
the usual way. It is then run out into other refineries technically
termed lumping fires. These fires are fed with tan in place of as is now
usual with charcoal. The molten metal is covered over with the tan and
a pressure of blast is then turned on the mouth of the tuyere, being just
above the surface of the metal. The metal is then stirred so as to bring
it into contact with the blast. By these means the decarbonization
of the metal is effected without communicating to it any injurious
impurity, whereas when coke is employed in this process the quality of
the metal is impaired.
]
IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOSING THE JOINTS OF GAS RETORTS, AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Wotherspoon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th July 1873.
I, JAMES WOTHERSPOON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOSING THE JOINTS OF GAS RETORTS, AND IN THE MEANS
EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object to render tight the joint between the
covers or lids of gas retorts and the retort proper, and it consists in the
employment of packing composed wholly or partly of asbestos or
amianthus, which is laid between the cover and the end or face of the
retort against which the cover is pressed or tightened in the ordinary
manner. In using asbestos or amianthus for this purpose it is plaited,
braided, twisted, or woven into a continuous length so that it can be laid
in between the parts requiring to be made tight. In place however of
using the asbestos or amianthus in this manner it may be disintegrated
or teased and mixed with water or other liquid to form a pulp which
may be spread over the joint or may be compressed in moulds or dies or

page_text: rolled into sheets, and cut or stamped into any required shape for the
purposes intended.
The asbestos or amianthus may also be prepared for the purposes set
forth by saturating it with acetic acid, or ammonia, or both, and alum
may or may not be mixed with the asbestos for the purposes of
this Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR METHOD EMPLOYED FOR STAINING OR PRO- DUCING ON WOOD OR OTHER SURFACES IMITATIONS OF INLAID WORK, ALSO FOR PRODUCING DESIGNS OF ANY CHARACTER OR COLOUR ON SUCH SURFACES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bracewell and William
Pennett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 26th March 1873.
We, JOHN BRACEWELL and WILLIAM PENNETT, both of Leeds, in
the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR METHOD EMPLOYED FOR STAINING OR PRO-
DUCING ON WOOD OR OTHER SURFACES IMITATIONS OF INLAID WORK, ALSO FOR
PRODUCING DESIGNS OF ANY CHARACTER OR COLOUR ON SUCH SURFACES," to be as
follows:-
In our Invention we employ the following ingredients, and in the
manner herein-after described,―
1st. Brunswick black, to which is added a small portion of raw linseed
oil to prevent it drying too quickly and to permit of its being used
more freely.
2. Turpentine.

page_text: When a light object or ornament is required on a dark ground the
foundation is propared or coloured light, but if the foundation consists
of pinc or any other light wood that may constitute the ground of the
ornament after being sized. On this foundation we place our design
with Brunswick black, either by the ordinary stencilling process, or by
hand with camel hair or other suitable brushes. As soon as the Bṛuns-
wick black is dry we imitate with colours mixed with water and a small
quantity of beer wood or other designs, this constitutes the ground.
When the colouring is perfectly dry we pass a brush charged with
turpentine over the surface whereby the surface is covered with tur-
pentine, this is allowed to stand about a minute, afterwards we apply more
turpentine. These applications have the effect of penetrating and
liberating the Brunswick black which is easily removed with the turpen-
tine, and leaves the ornament or imitation of inlaid work perfect.
When dark objects or ornaments are required the foundation is
prepared with dark colour mixed with water and a little beer, when this
foundation is dry we place our design in Brunswick black, either by
the ordinary stencilling process or sable or camel hair pencil. When.
the Brunswick black is dry we clean or wash the whole surface with
clean water, and afterwards put on the required water colours to imitate
any required light wood or surface that we desire to have for a ground.
When the colouring is dry we gently brush over the whole with tur-
pentine, let it stand about a minute, afterwards we apply more tur-
pentine by which the Brunswick black is liberated and washed off,
leaving the ornament perfect.
The surface after being operated upon in the manner and ways herein
described may be varnished or polished as required. The ornaments or
objects to be represented may be cut out of paper and transferred by
stencilling or "pounced on" and laid in by hand with suitable pencils
or brushes, We add to the Brunswick black a small portion of linsced..
oil to check its propensity of drying too quickly. When required we
use turpentine to bring the black to a more fluid state.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE-SHOES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Wightman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
January 1878.
I, ARTHUR WIGHTMAN, of Bank Chambers, George Street, Sheffield,
in the County of York, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE-SHOES," to be as follows :-
My Invention consists in making horse-shoes in two parts, one of
which (herein-after termed the permanent shoe) is nailed to the horse's
hoof, the other part being so constructed as to be capable of being readily
fitted on and affixed to the permanent shoc, and removed therefrom
when worn out or requiring to be sharpened or roughed.
In making horse-shoes according to my Invention I proceed as
follows:-I first forge the permanent shoo which is in most respects of
the ordinary form, making in the under side thereof depressions or a
groove in which lie the heads of the nails by which the said shoc is
affixed to the horse's hoof, and in the inner part a bevil or depressions to
receive clips or hooks formed on the lower shoe for the purpose of
affixing it to the said permanent shoc; I then forge the lower shoe of a

page_text: •
form to fit the permanent shoe, and forge or weld on the under side of
the said lower shoo the usual projections to prevent the horse from
slipping. I also forge or weld on the said lower shoo the hooks or clips
herein-before referred to, two at the ends of the heel and one or more at
the inside of the toe, and forge or weld on the outside of the said toe a t
horizontal lug or several such lugs, which when bent upward against the
outside of the toe of the permanent shoc prevents or prevent the said
lower shoe from slipping backward. I then fit the two parts together and
bend the hooks or clips at the ends of the heel of the lower shoc on to
the ends of the heel of the permanent shoe, and also bend the hook or ]
hooks at the toe of the lower shoe on to the bevil on or into the
depressions in the permanent shoc. Having thus finished the formation
or fitting of the lower shoe upon the permanent shoc I separate the two
parts which are then ready for usc. In affixing them to the horse's hoof
I first nail the permanent shoe on to the hoof, and then slip the lower
shoe on to the said permanent shoo until the hooks on the former engage
with and clip the latter. I then bend the lug or lugs aforesaid upward
and against the front or toe of the said permanent shoo, and thus securely
affix the two parts together. When it is wished to remove the lower
shoc, either for the purpose of substituting a new one or reforging the
projections aforesaid, all that is necessary is to turn down the lug or lugs
aforesaid and slip the said lower shoc backwards, so as to disengage its
clips or hooks from the upper shoc.
By constructing and affixing horse-shoes as herein-before described I
obviate the necessity for drawing the nails out of horse's hoofs when their
shoes have to be roughed, sharpened, or renewed, and for driving nails
into the said hoofs on the replacement of the shoes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Graham Simon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st May 1868.
I, WILLIAM GRAHAM SIMON, of Tavistock Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING
MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
-
This Invention relates to apparatus for obtaining and applying motive
power applicable to various purposes for which motive power is required,
such as moving parts of machinery, propelling, raising weights, and other
objects, and the apparatus is constructed in such manner that the
required motion is produced without the aid of steam, gas, electricity, or
other similar agent.
According to this Invention two springs are combined with appliances
for accumulating, concentrating, and multiplying power in such manner
that motion and power shall be transmitted from one spring to the other
spring through the multiplying or concentrating gear or appliances, so
that the action of one spring when it is expanding or moving in one
direction shall be exerted on the other spring, and shall cause it to

page_text: contract or move in an opposite direction with greatly increased force,
and the action or direction of motion of the springs shall be reversed
alternately when each reaches the end of its course.
By the expression "motion of the springs" I herein imply the
expansion and contraction, that is to say, the extension and compression
of the springs.
In one arrangement for carrying the Invention into effect two springs
are used suitably maintained and guided. They are connected by ropes
or chains or otherwise with wheels which they work, and whence motion
is communicated to purchases (or tackle with pulleys or sheaves) for
accumulating, concentrating, and multiplying the power.
When one spring expands or advances it imparts motion through its
wheel to one set of tackle purchase which communicates the power thus
received, but which it greatly multiplies to compress or contract the other
spring or cause it to move in an opposite direction to the first-named
spring, but the spring which is receding or being compressed does not
cause the tackle purchase belonging to it to exert like multiplying power
on the first spring, until the receding or contracting spring shall have
reached the end of its compressing or receding travel, whereupon the
action will be at once reversed, this spring extending or advancing and
acting on its tackle purchase so as to impart intensified power to com-
press or contract the first-named spring.
Power is taken from the springs and transmitted by ordinary con-
trivances to the object to which the motive power is to be applied.
Multiplying wheels or gearing or other multiplying, accumulating,
or concentrating appliances may be used in place of the tackle, and
mechanical equivalents may be substituted for the springs.
There may be more than one pair of springs, their relative action
being as above described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CLASPS FOR STOCKING SUPPORTERS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Haseltine, of the "International Patent
Office," Southampton Buildings, London, Doctor of Laws, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CLASPS FOR STOCKING SUPPORTERS."-
A communication from abroad by Stephen Kendall Ellis, of
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said George Haseltine at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 29th December 1873, pursuant to the 9th Section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
HASELTINE, of the "International Patent Office," Southampton Build-
ings, London, Doctor of Laws, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN CLASPS FOR STOCKING SUPPORTERS," and have petitioned Her Majesty to
grant unto me, my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal
Letters Patent for the same, and have made solemn Declaration that

page_text: to hold the stocking even if the tecth d are dispensed with, as they may
bo if desired.
The slide e is held down in the position seen in Figures 2 and 3 by
two small projections 9 on the outer surface of the jaw Z, the slide
springing over these projections, which serve to prevent its working up
and allowing the jaws to open and release their hold upon the stocking.
There is also a small projection & on the jaw c to stop the slide.
Instead of two projections q a single one of any suitable shape may
be substituted therefor, or a projection on the slide may drop into a hole
or depression in one of the jaws.
The above described clasp is simple, cheap, and effective, and may be
used with great advantage as a substitute for buttons or buckles, as it
can be casily operated, will not tear or injure the stocking, and when
once attached thereto will not be accidentally detached therefrom.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent and the manner of performing the
same, I wish it understood that I claim,―
First. In the construction of a stocking supporter a clamping
mechanism or device by means of which the top of the stocking is
grasped and held between two clamping surfaces, as hercin set forth.
Second. A clamp or clasp constructed substantially as described.
In witness whereof I, the said George Haseltine, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of December, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
three.
GEORGE HASELTINE. (L.S.)
Witness,
H*. J. NOONE,
8, Southampton Buildings,
London.
IMPROVEMENTS FOR ASCERTAINING AND CORRECTING THE DEVIATION OF SHIPS' COMPASSES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hunter Finlay at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
October 1873.
I, HUNTER FINLAY, of 5, Grove Terrace, Sydenham, Parish of
Lewisham, County of Kent, Doctor of Medicine, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS FOR ASCERTAINING AND
CORRECTING THE DEVIATION OF SHIPS' COMPASSES," to be as follows :—
The object of my said Invention is to float a compass in a water-tight
case in the wake of the ship and at a considerable distance astern, sò as
to be beyond the induced magnetism of the ship or cargo. While in
this position I fix the indicating card by releasing a spring in the case, I
then draw the case on board, and by this means I obtain a correct
bearing to determine the deviation of the ordinary ship's compass.
In carrying out my said Invention in practice I suspend an ordinary
ship's compass in gimballs in a case, which may be of copper, brass,
gutta percha, or wood. The said case is fitted with a glass top and is made
water-tight. It is made sufficiently heavy to sink, but is limited from
sinking further than about 16 feet from the surface by being suspended

page_text: by a line from a small supplementary buoy, the object being to keep the
compass below the surface agitation. I attach a tow line to the said
case, and I fit a spring inside to act on the compass card. I operate
said spring by a small line alongside the tow line.
In using the compass I lower it over the stern of the ship and allow 5
it to float to any determined distance in the wake of the ship, the
distance to be sufficient to be beyond the magnetism of the ship or its
cargo. I then pull the said small line by which I release the said
spring and fix the compass card in its position in the case. I then pull
in the tow line and read the correct bearing of the compass card to 1
ascertain the deviation of the ship's steering compass.
A NEW OR IMPROVED DAMPER OR THROTTLE VALVE CHAMBER OR FLUE FOR STOVES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Dobbie and Peter Forbes
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 9th September 1873.
We, ROBERT DOBBIE and PETER FORBES, both of the City of Glasgow,
in the County of Lanark, North Britain, American Stove Manufacturers,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR
IMPROVED DAMPER OR THROTTLE VALVE CHAMBER OR FLUE FOR STOVES," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This said Invention has reference to a new or improved construction
and arrangement of the parts of a throttle flue or chamber piece for
stoves, with damper and valve in it for regulating the draught and
escape of the unconsumed gaseous products of combustion therefrom to
the chimney, all in a more convenient manner than has heretofore been
done.
And the nature of this Invention consists in making the said chamber
or throttle piece of a nearly rectangular and portable character, secured
by a small spigot or faucet piece at its lower open side to the outlet
orifice of the stove, and having an outlet opening at the top and back
fitted inside with an oscillating damper or throttle valve near the lower

page_text: opening or throat, and which is closed or opened by a finger lever on its
spindle at one end outside, and held in any corresponding angular
position from horizontal to vertical by a light notched lever, oscillating
on a pin at one end so that the notches at the other end take on to a
holding lateral edge or pin on the finger lever and hold it wherever it is
set to regulate the outlet of the gases either vertically or laterally by an
opening above or at the back to the chimney through a flue pipe fitted
to either by a short spigot or rim piece, the other outlet whichever it
may be having a lid secured on it so as to suit in either case for con-
ducting the smoke and unconsumed gases into a chimney above or
behind the stoves fitted with this improved throttle valve flue piece.
And when desired the front side of this throttle or box piece may be
ornamented with relief or intaglio ornament or perforated fretwork,
either to admit air at this part above the valve or not as desired, and
when perforated the valve may be made to close up the perforations or
openings as the damper is opened or raised, and vice versa, open the
perforations as the damper is closed.
IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR 'STOPPING' BOILER AND OTHER TUBES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Rooke at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st October
1873.
I, ALFRED ROOKE, of Mellish Street, Millwall, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR 'STOPPING' BOILER AND OTHER
TUBES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to means of and apparatus for "stopping"
boiler and other tubes, and consists in arranging upon a threaded rod a
fixed head of about the same diameter as that of the interior of the tube
to be stopped, and also a loose washer between which and the fixed head,
a ring or other shaped packing can be fitted. The threaded end of the
rod has also a loose washer against which a threaded nut is caused to
bear when turned in one direction. I arrange a loose length of tubing
upon the threaded rod, and this when the nut is screwed up is caused to
impinge upon the washer at the head of the rod to force the packing
outward, and equally all round to press against the inner wall of the
tube, and to thereby stop it off.
نے

page_text: The threaded end of the rod has a square upon it, so that the rod can
be prevented from turning while the nut is being screwed up, the action
of which is to draw the rod towards the outside and to jam the packing
against the tube.
In some cases both ends of the apparatus are furnished with
packing and loose washers to enable a tube to be "stopped" at both
ends.