A New or Improved Motor.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Nov.; 1891
Complete Specification Left, 18th Aug., 1892--Accepted, 1st Oct., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A New or Improved Motor.
We, CHARLES GROOMBRIDGE, Inventor, and WILLIAM ALFRED SOUTH,
Veterinary Surgeon, both of 40 New Bond Street, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to a new or improved motor in which the energy is
generated by the combined action of magnetism and a constantly acting pressure
or weight produced preferably hydrostatically.
It is well known that the greatest power is exerted by magnets upon their
keepers or armatures when these latter are in actual contact with the magnets, and
that when the keepers or armatures are separated from the magnets, no matter
however slight be the degree, the loss of power is extremely great. Now it is our
object to so devise a motor, machine, or engine that, while in action, the keepers
or armatures shall be in actual and constant contact with the maguets and thus
avoid the loss of power which would result if the keepers or armatures were
separated from their magnets in the slightest degree whatever.
In a motor constructed according to our invention we employ a revolving drum
or hollow cylinder within which there may be arranged, circumferentially, any
convenient number of electro-magnets having their poles projecting radially
inwards. The sides or cheeks of the drum may be each formed as flat rings, the
hereiu-
inner edges of which act as annular guide ways or tracks for the purpose
after mentioned. Through this drum there may extend transversely a shaft
carrying a pair of grooved or, flanged wheels, or discs, capable of revolving freely
thereon. This shaft is disposed eccentrically to the centre of the drum, and in
such a manner that it is free to change its position relatively thereto, but it may
be prevented from longitudinal movement by means of the guide ways, rails, or
tracks, against which the pair of grooved or flanged wheels, or discs, are caused to
revolve.
Within the drum, and rigidly connected to the eccentrically disposed shaft, are
arranged one, two, or more electro magnetic armatures or keepers capable of
revolving about their own axes. When the magnets are excited the polarity
of these revolving armatures or keepers is the reverse to that of the drum
magnets.
Suspended from the eccentrically disposed shaft, is a tank containing water into
which a float can be immersed by means of suitable levers. This float is connected,
in such a manner, to the eccentrically arranged shaft that when it is depressed or
immersed in the water contained in the tank the revolving armatures or keepers
carried by the said eccentrically disposed shaft will be brought into a position to be
attracted and firmly retained by those drum magnets which are in proximity
thereto, and by reason of the upward pressure exerted by the water in the tank
upon the float, the pair of grooved wheels or discs will be caused to travel a certain
distance up the annular guide ways of the drum. The result of this magnetic
attraction and hydrostatic pressure will be to displace the eccentrically disposed
shaft, and consequently the weight suspended therefrom, out of the vertical centre
line of the drum and to retain it in such a position that it will constantly act to
revolve the drum through the intervention of the grooved or flanged wheels or discs
hearing upon the annular guideways, rails or tracks.
By suitable contact mechanism the current can be led to those electro-magnets
only that are in immediate vicinity to the revolving keepers, so that as the drum
revolves and its magnets are successively brought opposite the revolving keepers
they become excited and are brought into activity.

page_text: The water tank may be furnished with levers whose fulcra are movable, and the
extremities of these levers be provided with adjustable weights so that the weight
of the tank acting on the eccentrically disposed shaft may be regulated to suit
requirements. Or this regulation may be effected by any other appropriate
means.
The revolving drum may be furnished with a spur wheel, into which may gear
a pinion mounted on a shaft carrying a driving pulley so that the power of the
motor can be transmitted to any machine or apparatus to be driven.
Instead of employing electro-magnets for the drum and revolving armatures or
keepers, we may, if desirable, use permanent magnets having armatures or keepers
which may be removed, by any suitable means, from the magnets, as they arrive in
proximity to the revolving armatures or keepers during the revolution of the
drum.
ERNEST DE PASS,
78, Fleet Street, London, and 6, Victoria Street, Nottingham,
Agent for the Applicants.
A New or Improved Motor.
We, CHARLES GROOMBRIDGE, Inventor, and WILLIAM ALFRED SOUTH,
Veterinary Surgeon, both of 40, New Bond Street, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying drawings and to
the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
Our invention relates to a new or improved motor in which the energy is
generated by the combined action of magnetism, and a constantly acting pressure
or weight produced preferably hydrostatically.
It is well known that the greatest power is exerted by magnets upon their
keepers or armatures when these latter are in actual contact with the magnets, and
that when the keepers or armatures are separated from the magnets, no matter
however slight be the degree, the loss of power is extremely great. Now, it is our
object to so devise a motor, machine or engine that, while in action, the keepers or
armatures shall be in actual and constant contact with the magnets, and thus avoid
the loss of power which would result if the keepers or armatures were separated
from their magnets in the slightest degree whatever.
In a motor constructed according to our invention, we employ a revolving drum
or hollow cylinder within which there may be arranged circumferentially any
convenient number of electro-magnets having their poles projecting radially
inwards. The sides or cheeks of the drum may be each formed as flat rings, the
inner edges of which act as annular guide ways or tracks for the purpose herein-
after mentioned. Through this drum there may extend transversely a shaft
carrying a pair of grooved or flanged wheels or discs capable of revolving freely
thereon. This shaft is disposed eccentrically to the centre of the drum, and in
such a manner that it is free to change its position relatively thereto, but it may
be prevented from longitudinal movement by means of the guideways, rails, or
tracks against which the pair of grooved or flanged wheels or discs are caused to
revolve.
Within the drum, and rigidly connected to the eccentrically disposed shaft, are
arranged one, two, or more electro magnetic armatures or keepers capable of
revolving about their own axes. When the magnets are excited the polarity
of these revolving armatures or keepers is the reverse to that of the drum
magnets.

page_text: Suspended from the eccentrically disposed shaft, is a tank containing water into
which a float can be immersed by means of suitable levers. This float is connected
in such a manner to the eccentrically arranged shaft, that when it is depressed or
immersed in the water contained in the tank, the revolving armatures or keepers,
carried by the said eccentrically disposed shaft, will be brought into a position to
be attracted and firmly retained by those drum magnets which are in proximity
thereto, and by reason of the upward pressure exerted by the water in the tank
upon the float, the pair of grooved wheels or discs will be caused to travel a certain
distance up the annular guideways of the drum. The result of this magnetic attraction
and hydrostatic pressure will be to displace the eccentrically disposed shaft, and conse-
quently the weight suspended therefrom, out of the vertical centre line of the
drum, and to retain it in such a position that it will constantly act to revolve the
drum through the intervention of the grooved or flanged wheels or discs bearing
upon the annular guideways, rails, or tracks.
By suitable contact mechanism the current can be led to those electro magnets
only that are in immediate vicinity to the revolving keepers, so that as the drum
revolves and its magnets are successively brought opposite the revolving keepers
they become excited and are brought into activity.
The water tank may be furnished with levers, whose fulcra are movable, and the
extremities of these levers be provided with adjustable weights so that the weight
of the tank acting on the eccentrically disposed shaft may be regulated to suit
requirements. Or this regulation may be effected by any other appropriate
means..
The revolving drum may be furnished with a spur-wheel, into which may gear a
pinion mounted on a shaft carrying a driving pulley, so that the power of the motor
can be transmitted to any machine or apparatus to be driven.
Instead of employing electro-magnets for the drum and revolving armatures or
keepers, we may, if desirable, use permanent magnets having armatures or keepers
which may be removed, by any suitable means, from the magnets, as they arrive
in proximity to the revolving armatures or keepers during the revolution of
the drum.
And in order that our invention may be readily understood we will describe
the same fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which :-
Fig. 1 is a side elevation; Fig. 2 a plan; Fig. 3 a front view; Fig. 4 a
vertical cross section on the line 1, 1, of Fig. 2, with the drum in elevation; and
Fig. 5 is a longitudinal vertical section on the line 2, 2, of Fig. 2, showing the
parts in the position they occupy when the motor is at rest.
Fig. 6 is a similar view to Fig. 5, but shows the position the parts assume when
the motor is at work.
Figs. 7 and 8 show, respectively, a longitudinal section and a cross section, on an
enlarged scale, of the revolving drum or cylinder.
Figs. 9 to 16 inclusive, are details of certain parts, also drawn to an enlarged
scale and hereinafter more fully referred to.
Figs. 17 and 18 are diagrammatic views illustrating the electric circuits and
showing the position assumed by the revolving magnets when at rest, and when
at work.
In a suitable framework A, is mounted a drum or cylinder a constructed of a
pair of annular side plates or cheeks a', a', between which the electro-magnets a
are firmly bolted and retained in place by means of the bolts a². The cores of
these electro-magnets (hereinafter referred to as the "drum-magnets") are built up
in sections a³, a, a, (Figs. 7 and 8) so as to facilitate the winding-on of the wire, and.
non magnetic distance pieces a are interposed between the magnets and the
annular side plates or cheeks of the drum in order to enable the sections of the
drum-magnets to be rigidly held together when the nuts of the bolts a are
tightened up.
The drum magnets are arranged radially and in such a manner that their poles
project inwards and almost touch each other, thereby constituting two circular

page_text: tracks N, S, upon which the revolving electro-magnets, presently to be described,
freely roll or revolve.
The bolts a² are square in cross section, and the cores of the drum magnets, as
well as the distance pieces a, are formed with corresponding square holes, through
which these bolts pass and thereby prevent any tendency of the magnets to turn
about the bolts, or to shift out of their radial position. a, a, are hollow trunnions
furnished with arms a by which they are secured to the side plates or checks of
the drum, and when said drum is in place these trunnions rest upon friction
rollers carried in a block bolted to the longitudinal rails of the framework
of the motor (Fig. 2).
The drum is prevented moving endwise, by means of small rollers 3 (Fig. 4)
against which the ends of the hollow trunnions bear and revolve when the motor is
working.
The immer edges of the annular cheeks of the drum are formed as guide-ways,
or rails, a, upon which run the grooved wheels e, c¹, mounted loosely upon the
hollow transverse shaft c. Between these grooved wheels is rigidly mounted upon
the said hollow shaft a sleeve d, having arms d', d, to the free ends of which is
pivotally connected a frame d carrying the revolving magnets d³, d', seen more
clearly in the details Figs. 14 to 16. The grooved wheels e' are restrained from
lateral movement on the shaft e by means of the collars (Fig. 8) and the
sleeve d; and the said grooved wheels normally rest upon the lower portions of the
annular rails a with their axis vertically beneath and in alignment with the axial
line of the drum, when the motor is at rest. as is best seen in Figs. 1, 5, ī
and 17.
t
The ends of the shaft e project through the hollow trunnions of the drum and
are received in recesses formed in tlie inner extremities of the pair of levers e, e.
These levers are provided near their outer extremities with movable counterbalance
weights e hanging from slides e², furnished with rollers e³, said slides being
connected by the rods and arms e to a nut e travelling on the screw e' which is
actuated by turning the crank handle e. The fulcra e, e", of these levers form
axes for the grooved rollers or discs eo which are free to roll along the short
rails el bolted to the framing of the notor (see Figs. 11, 12 and 13).
Rigidly mounted on the hollow shaft c are arins f, f, the free ends of which are
connected together by the cross bar f¹, which is provided with a short insulated
sleeve retained in place between collars and engaging with the fork * of the
segmental contact bar . This contact bar is furnished with contact pieces ',,,
and is free to move in the guide or socket j carried by the framing A, and
insulated therefrom. The guide or socket j, may be formed with slots j', and be
furnished with set screws (Figs. 9 and 10) by means of which the contact bar
can be adjusted relatively to the drum. A binding screw, is also provided for
enabling the conducting wire to be connected to the socket j
Depending from the same hollow shaft c, are other arms h¹, h¹, firmly bolted to
the semicircular tank h, by the long bolt h, and the whole of the weight of the
tank, together with its contents, are thus suspended from the hollow shaft.
Within the tank, which is partially filled with water, is a float g, to which are
pivotted at 3, 3, the bent ends of the levers ', the opposite ends of these levers
being provided with weights h, whereby the weight of the float, and the parts in
connection therewith, are counterbalanced. These levers are loosely mounted on
the bolt, which serves as their axis or fulcrum, and they are prevented from
lateral movement thereon by the collars (Fig. 4).
The float also has pivotted to it at g', the lower end of a slotted rack-rod g³, by
means of which said float can be immersed into the water in the tank, a pin
carried by the forked portion of the cross bar and passing through the slot
in the rack rod, constituting a stop with which may be caused to engage any one
or other of the teeth of the rack rod for the purpose hereinafter explained.
Extending around the periphery of, and insulated from, the drum, are two
metallic strips k, l, the former of which is continuous, while the latter is interrupted,

page_text: that is to say, it is composed of a number of independent segments, each insulated.
from the other, the number of such segments corresponding to that of the drum
magnets. One end of each of the wires composing the windings of the drum
magnets is connected to the continuous strip and the other end of each of the
wires is connected to one of the independent segments of the other strip 1 (Fig. 7).
The circuit of each of the drum magnets is thereby rendered entirely distinct from
that of the other.
The current coming from a battery, or other suitable source of electricity, along
the wire, enters by the terminal m (Figs. 2, 17 and 18), reaches the revolving
magnets, by way of the conductor m which passes through the hollow
shaft c, traverses the coils of these magnets and arrives at the segmental contact
bar carried by the guide i, by way of the conductor m². The current now
traverses the coils of those of the drum magnets whose segments are, for the time
being, touching the contact pieces i,,, and then reaches the continuous strip k,
whence it leaves the motor by the contact n' carried by the insulated terminal n
and returns by the wire to the battery.
3
When the motor is to be set in motion, the current is allowed to flow and to complete
the circuit above stated, thereby exciting the revolving electro-magnets d³, d', and
those of the drum magnets 1, 2, 3, (Fig. 17), whose segments are touching the con-
tacts the windings of the revolving magnets and drum magnets being so
arranged that the polarity of the drum magnets is opposite to that of the revolving
magnets. The two sets of magnets are thus firmly held together by the force of their
magnetic attraction. The float g is then immersed in the water in the tank by
depressing, by hand, the slotted rack rod g², the slot in this rod giving free passage to
the pin during this downward movement. The arms f, f, are next raised, thereby
also raising the contact bar i and the revolving magnets d³, d, the contacts,, ³ as
the contact bar rises, successively throwing out of action the drum magnets 1, 2,
and bringing into action the magnets 4, 5. The force of attraction existing
between the poles of the revolving magnets and those of the drum magnets, which
poles it will be remembered are always in actual contact, causing the revolving
magnets to travel along and up the circular track formed by the poles N, S, of the
drum magnets. This movement has the effect of displacing the central vertical
position of the hollow shaft c and consequently the grooved wheels c¹ no longer
bear upon the lowest point in the circumference of the annular rails aº, but upon a
point situated at a higher level thereon, as shown at Fig. 18. A chain, or chains, to
(Fig. 3) may be provided to limit the height to which the said arms can be
raised. The arms having thus been raised, the rack rod is drawn slightly
outward (the float still being immersed) so as to bring its teeth into engagement.
with the pin carried by the cross bar f, and said rack rod is then released,.
thereby allowing the buoyancy of the float, resulting from the displacement of the
water in the tank, to act through the intervention of the pin f³, cross bar f¹, and
arms, to still further displace the hollow shaft c out of its normal position.
:
The revolution of the drum is brought about by the upward pressure exerted by
the immersed float g. This pressure is originally created by the float being
immersed into the water in the tank h, by hand, through the intervention of the
slotted rack-rod g, owing to this latter being locked to the arms d', carrying the
revolving magnets. d, d, by the engagement of the pin f³ with the teeth of
the rack rod. The force now becomes a constant pressure tending to roll the
revolving magnets up the circular tracks N, S, and as the length of the arms d',
carrying the revolving magnets, is less than the radius of the circle of drum
magnets, the revolving magnets, by adhering to the drum magnets on account of
their magnetization, cannot rise without drawing the axis c, from which the tank is.
suspended, out of the vertical line. The weight of the tank (and its contents) is
therefore brought to bear upon one side of the drum, and owing to the absence of: a
corresponding weight on the other side, the drum is caused to revolve in the
direction of the arrow shown in the drawings. During this revolution each of
the drum magnets becomes successively excited as its segment comes against the

page_text: contacts, the revolving magnets, dª, d³, always remaining excited so long as
the current flows and rolling freely about their axes upon the circular tracks
formed by the poles of the drum magnets.
As will be seen on reference to Fig. 6, the act of displacing the shaft. e, as above
stated, causes the tank likewise to be shifted bodily out of its central position and
to move to the right, and the levers e, e, of necessity are also moved slightly to the
right, their leverage, however, remains unaltered by reason of their fulcra e being
movable along the rails " as already stated. Furthermore, the arms f, f, also
become shifted, the forked portion, of the segmental contact bar permitting of
their so doing without moving the contact bar away from the drum or breaking the
continuity of the electric circuit.
By turning the crank handle e, the weights e', can be shifted along the levers e,
and the weight of the tank be thereby counterbalanced to any required extent,
and the power and speed of the motor he thus adjusted in accordance with the
work to be done-it being understood that the weight or pressure acting upon the
drum must, in all cases, he proportional to the strength of the electric current
supplied to the motor-that is to say, the weight must never be so excessive as to
overcome the adhesion or grip existing between the revolving magnets and drum
magnets.
The drum, as well as all the parts other than the magnets, may be advantageously
composed of some non-magnetic substance in order that the magnetic field shall not
be disturbed.
Although we have shown only two revolving magnets d³, d, any other suitable
munber may be employed, the contacts i, 12, 13, carried by the contact bar i, being
so arranged as to cuable a sufficient number of the drum magnets to the excited in
order to keep the revolving magnets in actual contact therewith.
10
The drum a is provided with a spur wheel gearing with a pinion keyed to
the shaft p, which is journalled in bearings p² ², carried by the framing of the
motor, and this shaft is furnished with the ordinary fast and loose pulleys so as to
permit of the power being transmitted to any required machine.
Although in the drawings we have shown the drum simply resting upon rollers,
we may, in some cases where the driving speed would be great and likely to produce
vibration, provide bearings for the reception of the hollow trunnions.
Instead of electro-magnets we may employ permanent magnets, in which case
those of the drum magnets which are not in action would be temporarily furnished
with keepers.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same. may be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. The new or improved motor in which a constantly acting pressure or weight
is caused to be displaced out of its vertical position with relation to the central
vertical line of a revolvable drum and to be retained in such displaced position by
the combined action of magnetism and a hydrostatic force, said pressure or weight
acting upon said drum at a point situated out of the vertical line of the drum, and
parallel to such vertical line, and at an elevated point, thereby causing the
continuous revolution of such drum, substantially as described.
2. The new or improved motor in which a revolvable drum is provided with
radially disposed magnets having their poles so arranged as to constitute a pair of
circular tracks or ways upon which the poles of two or more revolving magnets
run in actual contact therewith, the poles of said revolving-magnets being of
opposite polarity to those of the drum magnets, substantially as described.
3. The means for keeping the weight in its displaced or abnormal position,
acting in combination with the drum and revolvable magnets, consisting of a Hoat
which is capable of being immersed into a tank of water, suspended from an
independent transverse shaft carrying grooved wheels running on annular rails
forming part of the drum which is to be revolved, the force exerted by the

page_text: buoyancy of said float being transmitted through suitable levers or arms to the
shaft carrying the revolving magnets, substantially as described.
4. The new or improved motor in which the energy is generated by the combined
action of magnetism and constantly acting weight or pressure produced hydro-
statically, having its parts arranged and combined to operate substantially as
herein before described and shewn with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 10th den of duœust 1000
ERNEST DE PASS,
Chartered Patent Agent,
78, Fleet Street, London, and 6, Victoria Street, Nottingham,
Agent for the Applicants.