IMPROVE- MENTS IN TREATING AND BLEACHING RESINOUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Constantine Jennings, of 8, Great Tower
Street, in the City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TREATING AND BLEACHING RESINOUS SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 27th January 1854, and dated the 17th September 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Constantine
Jennings at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 17th September 1853.
I, HENRY CONSTANTINE JENNINGS, of 8, Great Tower Street, in the
City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING AND BLEACHING RESINOUS SUBSTANCES" to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists of dissolving resinous substances in a solution
of carbonated alkali at a boiling temperature, and combining with such
resinous matters a small quantity of fatty or oily acids. The alkali and
water is separated by diluted sulphuric acid, after which the resinous
matter is dissolved in a solution of sub-carbonate of potassa or sub-
carbonate of soda (according as the matter is to be used in the manu-
facture of candles or soap), and thrown down by pyro-acetic or other
suitable acid.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Constantine Jennings in the Great Senl
Patent Office on the 17th March 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
HENRY CONSTANTINE JENNINGS, of 8, Great Tower Street, in the City
of London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
seventeenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and succes-
sors, give and grant unto me, the said Henry Constantine Jennings,
Her special licence that I, the said Henry Constantine Jennings, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Henry Constantine Jennings, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING AND BLEACHING
RESINOUS SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Henry Constantine Jennings, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Constantine Jennings, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof (that is to say):
The object and intention of this Patent is to remove the colouring
matter and other vegetable principles that become, coloured when
colophane is combined with the fixed or volatile alkalies, so as to render
cheap resinous substances more available for the purposes of manufac-

page_text: turing soap or candles. For obtaining this end I combine, for example,
75 lbs. of colophane with 25 lbs. of common tallow, palm oil, cocoa
nut oil, paraphine, or any other fatty matter, whether of animal or
vegetable or mineral origin, by submitting them in the above propor-
tions (or any other proportion according to the nature and quality of
the substances that may be to be operated upon) to a temperature of
from between 250° to 350° Fahrenheit until their fusion, combination,
and assimilation is effected, which will take about one hour, when
a perfect homogeneous mixture of the two or more substances is pro-
duced, and all accidental impurities or foreign substances are seperated
and removed, and the mass is cooled down to about 200° Fahrenheit.
I add 8 ozs. of nitrate of protoxide of mercury dissolved in one pint of
water at about 200° Fahrenheit. The whole must be well stirred and
mixed, and kept boiling at 212° Fahrenheit for about twenty or thirty
minutes, more or less according to the bulk of the matter under treat-
ment. I now add four and a half pounds of bicarbonate of soda, and one
pound and a half of pearl ashes or of bicarbonate of potassa, keeping the
whole well agitated and mixed for about half an hour; then add slowly.or
by degrees 8 or 10 pints of water, constantly stirring so as to perfectly
incorporate the water with the resinous and fatty matters; now let the
whole boil as completely as possible for about two hours, adding water
from time to time to compensate the water driven off by evaporation.
Now suspend the action of fire, and add 16 pints of cold water mixed
with 21 ounces of aqua ammonia of about 880 specific gravity, stir-
ring and mixing the whole until the mass is reduced to the atmo-
spheric temperature. Separate the colored water and other more fluid
or liquid parts from the white and more solid parts either by filtering
or by centrifugal motion, and when this is done wash the mass with
common water until the whole is white; in this state it may be
combined with soap when in a fluid state in any proportion the manu-
facturer may judge fit.
For the purpose of uniting the stearine and colophane with matters
intended for combustion or the production of light a further manipu-
lation is necessary, that is to say, the solid white matter, as above
recited and prepared, must be heated to 150 or 160° Fahrenheit with

page_text: a dilute solution of acetic acid and hydrochloric acid, say about
2 lbs. of hydrochloric acid and 1 lb. of strong acetic acid, and 40 or 50
pints of water; the whole to be well agitated for about one hour or
more, then filtered or separated by the aid of centrifugal motion, and.
washed perfectly with cold water; when dry it may be used in such
quantity or proportions as the manufacturer of candles, night lights, &c.
may deem expedient.
I claim the combination of colophane mixed with tallow and all
fatty matters in every proportion with nitrate of protoxide of mercury
and neutral bicarbonates of soda or potassa or aqua ammonia or pearl
ashes as the nature of the animal, vegetable, or mineral fatty matters
require, and with paraphine obtained from bog peat, coals, &c. &c.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Constantine Jennings, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of March,
´ in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
fifty-four
Witness,
S. CARPMAEL.
H. C. JENNINGS. (L.B.)