matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN INFANTS' FEEDING BOTTLES AND BREAST EXHAUSTERS
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Nodder, of Sheffield, in the County of York,
Britannia Metal Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
INFANTS' FEEDING BOTTLES AND BREAST EXHAUSTERS."
Sealed the 10th May 1867, and dated the 26th January 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Nodder at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th January 1867.
I, JOSEPH NODDER, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Britannia Metal
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN INFANTS' FEEDING BOTTLES AND BREAST EXHAUSTERS," to be as
follows:-
The Invention consists of an infant's feeding bottle and a breast exhauster
combined in one article constructed of metal or glass and india-rubber, and in
the substitution of metal where hitherto glass has been only used.
Figure 1 in the Drawing annexed represents the bottle or receiver, at the
top of which is a fixed screw marked A.
Figure 2, B, C, and D, represents a flexible tube, at the end of which
(namely at D) is a teat or mouth-piece. To this tube is attached a glass
tube E, F. Between the points B and E is a screw capsule marked G, through

page_text: which the said tubes pass; this capsule being screwed on the top of Figure I
constitutes a complete infant's feeding bottle, and by the adoption of a serew
the use of a cork is dispensed with, and not only is the milk securely kept but
the inconvenience arising from the frequent breakage of corks or tops without
screws is entirely removed.
Figure 3 represents an article which on being attached to Figure 1, as after
mentioned, constitutes a breast exhauster. The capsule G (Figure 2) being
removed from the screw A (Figure 1) the part marked II, inside which is also
a screw, is attached to the part A (Figure 1), and the part J is placed upon
the nipple of the breast. K, L, and M represent an india-rubber tube with
a teat or mouth-piece at M.
The Invention not only consists in combining in one article an infant's
feeding bottle and a breast exhauster, but in the adoption of a neat and safe
screw to each; besides which by removing the tubes from the capsule marked
G and inserting in their place the washer shewn in Figure 4, and screwing
such capsule on the top of Figure 1, the article is made available and useful
as a travelling flask.
PROCESSES OF EXTRACTION OF THE COLORING MATTER OF INDIGO FROM THE WASTE TEXTILE FABRICS WHICH CONTAIN IT
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissiouers of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th September 1867.-A communication from abroad by Constant
Bernard, Paul Scheurer, and Jean Baptiste Tempé, all of Colmar (Haut
Rhin), France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of No. 11,
Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "PROCESSES OF EXTRACTION
OF THE COLORING MATTER OF INDIGO FROM THE WASTE TEXTILE FABRICS WHICH
CONTAIN IT," a communication to me from abroad by Constant Bernard,
Paul Scheurer, and Jean Baptiste Tempé, all of Colmar (Haut Rhin), France,
to be as follows:-
The high price of indigo must it would be presumed have long ago led to
research after a process for recovering its coloring matter from the waste
fabrics containing it, nevertheless the idea of reconstituting the indigo in its
primitive form has never yet been made public. It is not that means are
wanting, as several methods present themselves to the chemist for the extraction
of this coloring matter. Thus a, reducing body and an alkali placed in
contact with textile fabrics dyed with indigo separates this latter from them.
The alkaline sulphurets will always attain this end.

page_text: The following is one of the processes which may be followed :-The textile
fabrics or picked or torn waste are piled in a vat having a false or double
bottom and there soaked with a solution of caustic soda at one degree. Steam
is then introduced at a pressure of 3 atmospheres, and after about 5 hours
boiling the liquid is drawn off charged with the whole of the coloring matter
which precipitated from its solution by an acid gives indigo as pure as the
finest from India.
This process of extraction constitutes a new manufacture which will give to
commerce thousands of pounds weight of indigo hitherto lost.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CEILING CORNICES AND CENTRES AND OTHER INDOOR ORNAMENTS OF A SIMILAR NATURE, AND IN THE MODE OF FIXING THE SAME
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis William Waide at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
October 1867.
I, FRANCIS WILLIAM WAIDE, of Rotherham, in the County of York, Iron-
founder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CEILING CORNICES AND CENTRES AND OTHER INDOOR ORNAMENTS OF A
SIMILAR NATURE, AND IN THE MODE OF FIXING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
The internal decorations of dwelling houses, warehouses, offices, railway
stations, club rooms, and other public buildings have heretofore generally been
made of plaister or papier maché, which materials are perishable and must be
put together in comparatively small pieces; now my Invention consists in
making such decorations, namely, ceiling cornices or cornice mouldings and
friezes, moulded ribs or pannels, pannel centres or centre flowers for ceilings,
and roses, drops, or other ornamental work, either wholly or partly of cast
iron, thereby facilitating the fitting up of the same and affording great scope for
elaborate and durable ornamentation at a small expense. In making these
decorations the patterns are made in one or more parts and of any convenient
length, and the castings are nailed or secured to the walls or ceilings or to
both. My improvements in making ceiling centres consist in making the
pattern in radiating segments so that the entire centre can be cast from a
small sectional pattern.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC CASKS OR VESSELS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Dunn and Alexander
Liddell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 27th December 1867.
We, ANDREW DUNN, of the Firm of Brown and Company, of White Street,
in the Borough of Southwark, and ALEXANDER LIDDELL, Foreman, in the
employment of the said Firm, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC CASKS OR
VESSELS," to be as follows:-
The object of the first part of our Invention is to do away with the recess
formed by the chime at each end of ordinary metallic casks or vessels in order
that we may be enabled to economize space in proportion to the interna! capacity
of the casks when a number of the casks are stowed in a vessel or etherwise.
The ordinary head and the ordinary bottom of metallic casks are usually
stamped with a chime or rim, and they are driven into the ends of the cask
body, the chime or rim being left outside. There is also usually a hoop driven
over each end of the cask body to strengthen it.
Now this part of our Invention consists in driving the piece for forming
the head of the cask into a hoop in the same manner as the head is usually
driven into the cask body; we then reverse the head and hoop and drive them
both into the end of the cask, the plain surface of the head being outside flush

page_text: with the end of the body. The cask bottom is driven into a hoop in a similar
manner, and is then with its hoop driven in like manner into the other end of
the cask, thereby forming a flush bottom.
The object of the next part of our Invention is to manufacture economi-
cally metallic casks or vessels which will not injuriously affect the oils or
contents of the casks like ordinary cheap metallic casks. For this purpose
we make the casks double, that is to say, the exterior of the cask is made of
cheap or common iron or material, while the inside is made of tinned plates
of superior quality. We take for the body of the cask a plate of common iron
and place upon it a thinned tin plate of superior quality, and we fold and roll
them together to form the cask body with the tinned plate inside; we likewise
form the head of the cask of the same materials, and submit them together
to the ordinary stamping; we make the bottom in the same manner.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF PREPARING RAW HIDE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF VARIOUS ARTICLES
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Henry Towers, of the City, County, and
State of New York, of the United States of America, for the Invention
of "AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF PREPARING RAW HIDE FOR THE MANUFACTURE
OF VARIOUS ARTICLES."
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Henry Towers at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Decla-
ration, on the 12th February 1867, pursuant to the 9th Section of the
Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN, BE IT KNOWN that I, WILLIAM
HENRY TOWERS, of the City, County, and State of New York, of the United
States of America, have invented "AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF PREPARING RAW
HIDE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF VARIOUS ARTICLES," and whereby raw hide is
made hard, semi-elastic, and transparent, and rendered a fit material from
which to manufacture combs, buttons, buckles, eye-glass frames, splints,
knife handles, articles of jewelry, and other articles now produced from
vulcanized rubber. I call the material "coribou."
The nature of my Invention consists in so treating the hide with sulphur or
its combinations and equivalents as to produce the desired effect.
To enable others skilled in the arts to use my Invention and manufacture
this material I will proceed to describe the operation.

page_text: I take the raw hides of bullocks, buffaloes, horses, or any other animals
whose skins are suitable for the purpose, and either cutting them into moderate
sized strips or pieces or leaving them whole, as may be most convenient, I
immerse them in a bath of boiling sulphur; this bath may contain rosin or it
may contain any coloring matter, the color of which it is desirable to commu-
nicate to the hide. By the action of the sulphur the hide swells, throws off
its impurities, and becomes transparent, unless a dark and opaque color has
been communicated to it by the coloring matter used. As soon as this effect
is produced the hide is removed from the bath, pressed into any desirable
form in a mould or otherwise, and dried; it is then hard and transparent,
but if exposed too long to the action of the sulphur. it may become brittle, if
so it may be softened and rendered elastic by boiling in water for a greater
or less length of time, according to the degree of elasticity desired. Coribou
may also be prepared from scraps of hide by treating them as before described,
and after drying, pulverizing the scraps, and mixing the powder with any
adhesive gum or any coloring matter, and them pressing it into the desired
form and drying, as in the previous mentioned case, and in all cases I may
waterproof the materials with any of the well-known waterproofing substances.
What I claim as my Invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is
the treatment of raw hide with sulphur, or any combination of or equivalent
to sulphur for the purpose of producing the material and the effect before
described.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this 23rd
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHOES FOR HORSES AND CATTLE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
April 1867.-A communication from abroad by Henry Franklin
Shearman, of Elizabeth, New Jersey, and Thomas O'Leary, of Brooklyn,
New York, both in the United States of America.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the "International Patent Office," No. 8,
Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SHOES FOR HORSES AND CATTLE," a communication, to be as
follows:-
The nature of the said Invention consists in making the calks or toe and
heel pieces separate from the body of the shoe, or that portion which is fitted
to the boof, and in combining them together in such a manner that the calks
may be removed and replaced without removing the shoe from the foot of the
animal. By this means the shoe may be fitted and fastened and permitted to
remain until it becomes necessary to remove it by reason of the growth or
expansion of the hoof, the entire wear of the shoe being upon the moveable
calks, which may be made of hardened steel, and can be replaced as often
as may be required. As there need be no calks upon the shoe when it is
nailed to the hoof it may be more securely fastened than the ordinary shoe

page_text: by having nails through the front or toe part as well as on the sides, and
the constant renewal of the calks prevents the wearing away of the body of
the shoe and the beads of the nails, which so often involves the injury of the
animal by the casting of the shoes; even where it is not necessary or desirable
to have the animal sharp shoed with calks in the ordinary manner the shoes
may be similarly fitted with supplementary pieces that receive all the wear
without endangering the fastenings, and which can be readily replaced without
removing the shoe from the hoof. The wear of the shoe can thus be easily
provided for, and the skilful fitting and fastening of the shoe to the hoof need
only be performed when required by the natural growth of the latter.
The said Invention may be carried into effect by fitting the parts together
with screws or lock joints or securing them with wedges or keys and in various
ways known to mechanics and practised for the purpose of temporarily securing
detached parts, but we prefer to make the calks with a projecting screw
that screws into a corresponding hole in the body of the shoe, and to secure
each calk still further by one or more additional screws that contribute to
the holding of the parts directly together in addition to the primary function
of preventing the turning of the calk and the consequent unscrewing of its
chief fastening. A single additional screw will be sufficient for each of the
heel calks, and a pair may be used on the calk, and they should be made
with countersunk heads and sockets for the reception of a wrench or key by
which they may be unscrewed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Ollico
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th December
1867. A communication from abroad by Antoine Ferdinand Philippe
Auguste Gaston Decamps, Merchant, Theodore de Joly, Civil Engineer,
and François Felix Chollat, Gentleman, all of Paris, in the Empire of
France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL," a communi-
cation to me from abroad by Antoine Ferdinand Philippe Auguste Gaston
Decamps, Merchant, Theodore de Joly, Civil Engineer, and François Felix
Chollat, Gentleman, all of Paris, in the Empire of France, to be as follows,
that is to say:
This Invention relates to the manufacture of artificial fuel, and consists in
the employment of resin or pitch together with oily substances in combination
with an alkaline solution, in order to obtain a material, by the employment of
which the agglomeration of small coal may be effected and the ecconomical
production of artificial fuel be obtained.
In carrying out this Invention a mixture of resin, pitch, tar, heavy oils, and
an alkaline solution, such as a solution of soda, or the solution of an alkaline
earth, such as a solution of lime, is employed, and after having mixed the
same with the application of heat a material or compound is obtained which
may advantageously be employed for effecting the agglomeration of small coal,
and which may be economically substituted for resin for similar purposes. I
have found in practice that about 34 parts of resin or pitch, 16 parts of tar,

page_text: 3 parts of heavy oil, and 47 parts of an alkaline solution, give a good result.
In employing this material or compound the the proportion necessary to effect
the agglomeration of small coal, which I have found in practice to be about
7 per cent., is mixed with the same, beat being applied to effect the fusion
of the compound material. The above compound with the small coal is then
thoroughly incorporated, and the incorporated mass may be blocked and sub-
ject to pressure in any of the machines now usually employed for the
production of artificial fuel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF JACQUARD TAPESTRY AND PLAIN AND PRINTED TERRY AND CUT PILE CARPETS BY THE APPLICATION OF MATERIALS NOT HITHERTO USED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wood at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th January
1867.
I, WILLIAM WOOD, of Monkhill, near Pontefract, in the County of York,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF JACQUARD TAPESTRY AND PLAIN AND PRINTED TERRY AND
CUT PILE CARPETS BY THE APPLICATION OF MATERIALS NOT HITHERTO USED IN SUCH
MANUFACTURE," to be as follows:-
In the manufacture of terry and cut pile carpets the pile surface is
Oordinarily composed of worsted threads which are spun from wool and after-
wards dyed the required colors. Now the object of this part of my Invention.
is to lessen the cost of the pile surface so as to make pile carpets more-
generally used, and this I do by making the pile yarns from stuff, worsted,.
and woollen cuttings and rags or other fibrous semi-waste matters; these
cuttings, rags, or waste being mostly dyed I sort out therefrom the different.
colors, putting all of one color together, preferring when such cuttings,, rags,.
or waste contain any cotton or linen to decompose the vegetable matters by
acids and then tear or grind them up into colored wool and spin into threads
or yarn, re-dyeing or tinting when required, and generally mixing the
colored wool produced from these articles in varying proportions with new
wool or other new fibres in the composition of the yarns; from these yarns I
form the raised or pile surface of Brussels tapestry and plain and printed terry

page_text: and cut pile carpets in the usual mode, the pile surface being either wholly
formed therefrom or in combination with ordinary yarns.
In terry and cut pile carpets, especially in such as are printed on the warp
threads or in the piece, it is customary to use for the purpose of thickening
the carpet straight threads in the back or body of it which are called "dead"
or "filling," and in printed tapestry and other printed pile carpets a "dead
warp" is always used; this dead warp is usually made of linen threads
dressed smooth, the effect being that the carpet is thin and cold. Now my
Invention in this part consists in using for such dead warp or threads yarns
made wholly or partially from the materials before-mentioned as used for the
surface pile yarns, viz., from stuff, worsted, and woollen cuttings and rags, or
other fibrous semi-waste usually mixed with other new fibrous material, but
in this case it is not necessary or advisable to eliminate the cotton or linen
which may be contained in some of the cuttings, rags, or waste used; and it
is more economical to retain and work it up into the yarn for dead warp,
which so made will be as cheap or cheaper than linen, and will make the
carpet look, feel, and wear better.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING BOXES FROM SHEETS OF PAPER, METAL, AND OTHER MATERIAL
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd April
1867. A communication from abroad by Bryant Clarke, of the City,
County, and State of New York, United States of America.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the "International Patent Office," No. 8,
Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Con-
sulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING BOXES FROM SHEETS OF PAPER,
METAL, AND OTHER MATERIAL," a communication, to be as follows:-
The object of the said Invention is to perform in a cheap and efficient
manner the work of cutting out and forming boxes at one operation.
The die on which the blank of paper or other material is cut, and which
afterwards shapes the said blank into a box is preferably of a rectangular four-
sided form, but may assume other figures for different shaped boxes. The said
die is made hollow, and its sides are of the thickness of the height of the sides
of the box to be formed, and its corners are cut out, its face presenting the
outline of the blank for the box. The block to which the knives are screwed'
is just the shape and size of the exterior of the die above named, and to each
of its sides a knife is screwed which projects up above the face of the said
block, the edge being rounded off at the ends to ensure its perfect cutting.
The edges of these knives fit closely to and slip over the die, cutting off the
blank to the proper form. There are also rectangular knives affixed at each
corner to cut out the corner pieces to form the sides of the box. The centra

page_text: part of the block is raised into the form of the box, with a space all round it
sufficient for the die to enter when the said block shuts down over it.
When
the said cutter block and die are used they are put into an ordinary cutter
press which moves the cutter block up and down upon the stationary die, the
press being worked by any suitable power.
The material for forming the box being properly fed in between the cutter
block and die the former descends upon the same, and cutting off a blank
therefrom descends until the face of the die enters the recess around the centre
of the block and turns up the edges of the blank, forming the box. When
the cutter rises the completed box falls down through the die, which is flared
to assist the operation.
AN IMPROVED THERMOMETER
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th September 1867.-A communication from abroad by César
Auguste Deverte, of Paris, France.
I, CLINTON EDGCUMBE BROOMAN, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and
Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents,
.do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
THERMOMETER," to be as follows:--
This Invention consists in the construction of a metallic thermometer of
great simplicity and economy of manufacture, it is based on the dilatation and
contraction of a bi-metallic spring band according to variations of temperature.
It consists of a metal plate on which are rivetted or secured two pillars, one
of which is near the centre and serves to receive the pivot carrying the
pointer or indicator of the face plate, while the other pillar carries the
bi-metallic spring band. On this other pillar a tock is fitted free to slide or
move in all directions, and which allows of setting the indicator to a point;
a circular notch is formed at its end furnished with a pressure screw for
fixing the bi-metallic spring band at its point, a point which is always
variable, in order to cause the instrument to move only the relative quantity of
degrees forming the units of the face plate. On the side opposite the
pointer a bobbin or pinion is mounted furnished with a very flexible spiral

page_text: it
spring, the object of which is to bring back the pointer and exert a slight
pressure on a lever. A wire or chain is wound about one turn round the
bobbin, and is fixed to the end of the lever; the lever has its axis or point of
oscillation on the pillar of the bi-metallic spring band, it is fixed to the end
of this spring band which moves it according to the variations of temperature.
The fixing of the point of oscillation of the lever may be dispensed with, and
may, thus be left quite free, which facilitates the play and the sensitiveness
of action of the spring; this spring has about four turns or twists, it is
composed of a copper or brass tube, on which is rolled or wound a band of
spring steel which is soldered preferably with strong solder. After this first
operation the whole is mounted on a screw cutting lathe, and a graver or tool
is passed into the spaces between the steel which detaches at the same time
the copper; it will readily be understood that as the copper is inside the
spring will expand by beat and contract by cold. A toothed segment may be
applied at the end of the lever. This thermometer may be applied to all
clockwork instruments, such as clocks, barometers, and others. Being
without friction, except that of the pivot, it has great sensitiveness. An open-
work gallery is fitted near the pendant to allow the solar rays to strike the
bi-metallic spring.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASES FOR PACKING AND TRANSPORTING BUTTER AND OTHER DAIRY PRODUCE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louisa Slatter at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the 24th May
1867.
I, LOUISA SLATTER, of Drayton, in the County of Oxford, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CASES FOR PACKING
AND TRANSPORTING BUTTER AND OTHER DAIRY PRODUCE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the mode of packing and trans-
porting butter and other dairy produce, such as cream and other soft cheeses,
in order to preserve such articles in a marketable condition. For this purpose
I provide shallow cases or trays of wood or other material, preferring wood
on account of its non-conducting properties; the fronts of these cases are
provided with rebates at each end taking into grooves in the sides of the case,
from which they are easly lifted out at the time of filling or emptying the
The cases may be made of a size to contain, say, six one-pound lumps
of butter, or of other convenient dimensions. In order to preserve the several
lumps of butter from contact while being transported from place to place I
provide these cases with transverse partitions sliding in grooves in the back-
and front of the case, the spaces formed by such divisions being of just
sufficient size to receive a lump of butter, the partitions keeping each lump
separate. In this manner, supposing the case containing the butter should
be stood up on end, the uppermost lumps will not rest on the lower ones and
put them out of shape. For the purposes of transport I make the cases to fit
one on the other, the bottom of the one projecting slightly so as to be received

page_text: into the top of the one below, the top case being provided with a lid, which may
be applied indifferently to any one of the cases that may be uppermost. In
this manner the several trays or cases are held together and cannot easily be
dislodged, the whole so packed being secured by a leather strap, books, or
other means of fastening for the purposes of transport.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING WITH HOT WATER
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Kinnaird York at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
February 1867.
I, HENRY KINNAIRD YORK, of the Grange Town Iron Works, Cardiff,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR HEATING WITH HOT WATER," to be as follows:-
The apparatus consists in the enlargement of the hot water pipe at or about
its lowest point, where instead of a boiler the pipe at its largest part is divided
into several smaller pipes or passages, which are placed diagonally, and under-
neath which either a gas burner or any other mode of heating is applied or
introduced. The inclined pipes or passages are fixed in two inclined plates,
and the sides are closed by two slabs of clay or any other suitable material.
The heat being applied under the inclined pipes or passages a rapid circulation
takes place whatever length the main pipe may be laid. The pipe for the
escape of the products of combustion may be left open or may be taken into
a chimney according to the fuel used. The ascension pipe would of course
be left open at the top above the highest circulating level and would be
supplied with water by any ordinary ball cock or other means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD AND MEANS TO RE EMPLOYED IN CLEANSING WOOL PREVIOUS TO COMBING OR CARDING THE SAME
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Charles Henderson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th.
-
March 1867. A communication from André Jules Grand Ry and
Corneil Joseph Petit, both of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, ARTHUR CHARLES HENDERSON, of 81, Charing Cross, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD AND MEANS TO RE EMPLOYED IN CLEANSING
WOOL PREVIOUS TO COMBING OR CARDING THE SAME," (a communication from André.
Jules Grand Ry and Corneil Joseph Petit, both of Paris, in the Empire of
France), to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to freeing the fibres (after previously washing them)
from any impurities by mechanical in lieu of the ordinary hand means without
injury to their length, flexibility, or softness. The wool is first washed in the
usual manner, preference being given, however, to a warm bath containing
seven parts of potash or carbonate of soda to one thousand parts of water;. it
is then placed in a second bath composed of one thousand parts of hot, water,.
thirty-five parts of soda salt, and thirty-five parts of oleine or oily matter, after
which it is brushed by means of a movable comb, the teeth of which when in
motion cross those of two fixed combs, cleaning and spreading it out; it is then
again subjected to another bath similar to the last-mentioned ;. from thence it is

page_text: passed between two rollers which throw it on a beating machine, which con-
veys it to an endless wire gauze band moving horizontally, under which any
heating contrivance may be placed for reducing the moisture of the wool fifty
or sixty degrees; it is then taken by a final beater, which spreads the moisture
equally throughout the whole mass. In this condition the wool may be sub-
jected to a mechanical contrivance for removing any foreign or waste matters,
which operation is usually done by hand; it is then fit for combing, and the
refuse arising therefrom is suitable for various purposes..
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF FASTENING AND SECURING THE OVERLAPPING PARTS OF ENVELOPES FOR ENCLOSING LETTERS AND OTHER MATTERS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Davis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th June
1867.
I, WILLIAM DAVIS, of Gainford, in the County of Durham, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
METHOD OF FASTENING AND SECURING THE OVERLAPPING PARTS OF ENVELOPES FOR
ENCLOSING LETTERS AND OTHER MATTERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an improved method of securing the overlapping
parts of envelopes. For this purpose I provide each of the overlapping parts
with one or more semicircular or other shaped' tongues projecting beyond the
edge of the overlap; these tongues are partially severed by being cut through
on each side to about one-fourth of their diameter, and in a line with the edge
of the overlap. In the opposite or underlap of the envelope a transverse slit
is cut of the length of the unsevered portion of the tongue, through which the
tongue is passed, the severed portions being previously folded over towards
each other; the folded parts being now opened out to their original form,
the two laps are securely locked or dovetailed together. In some forms of
envelope I make the side laps to fold over upon each other; in each of these
overlapping parts a slit is cut extending to about half of its width, one being
cut upwards and the other downwards from their centres, and in a line with
each other. The severed parts being inserted one into the other the laps are
securely linked together. In the envelope denominated a bag, and which
closes at the end, I make the tongue of a curved form representing one limb

page_text: of an arch. In the overlap which finally closes the envelope in use I usually
make the tongue in the form of a cross with arms of sufficient length to admit
of their being twice folded upon the centre of the tongue; these folds being
turned over upon the under side of the tongue form a sort of catch or shoulder,
so that when the tongue is passed through the slit intended for its reception in
the body of the envelope it cannot be withdrawn. I sometimes make this
overlap to turn over upon the face of the envelope and insert the tongue where
the postage stamp is usually placed. These envelopes may be gummed in the
usual way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR BURNING PETROLEUM SPIRIT AND OTHER HIGHLY VOLATILE LIQUIDS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Léon Charles François Clerc at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th January 1867.-A communication from abroad by Alfred Barchou,
of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, LEON CHARLES FRANÇOIS CLERC, of Saint Mary Axe, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LAMPS FOR BURNING PETROLEUM SPIRIT AND OTHER HIGHLY VOLATILE LIQUIDS,"
a communication to me from abroad by Alfred Barchou, of Paris, in the
Empire of France, to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in lamps for burning
petroleum spirit and other highly volatile and inflammable liquids, and relates
to means whereby the danger of explosion arising from the burning of such
liquids is obviated. For this purpose the reservoir of the lamp is filled
with sponge or other absorbent material, and down the centre thereof is a
space formed by the insertion of a tube of wire gauze, or other reticulate or
perforated material, down which the wick is passed. The burner of the lamp
may be of any ordinary description in which a wick is employed, a space
being left for the admission of air to the reservoir; a cap is provided in order
that when not in use the burner may be covered and evaporation of the liquid
in the lamp prevented. The reservoir of the lamp is filled with the spirit
or other highly volatile and inflammable liquid employed until the sponge

page_text: or other absorbent material is completely saturated, the excess of liquid is
then poured off, and the burner secured in its place, when the lamp is ready
All the parts of the lamp are easily removeable for cleaning or
otherwise as desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BEDSTEADS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Robinson Towers at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
November 1867.
I, JOSEPH ROBINSON TOWERS, of Hereford Road, Westbourne Grove, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BEDSTEADS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE
TO OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an improvement in that part of a bedstead by
which the sides and ends are secured to the posts. In the ordinary iron
bedstead the ends are usually formed to fit into a socket piece projecting
from the post, which in putting up the bedstead is liable to be broken off, as
the assistance of a hammer is mostly required to fix them securely.
According to my Invention this is obviated by mortising or recessing the
ends of the side and end bars into the posts, there being no projecting parts
thereon to be knocked off or otherwise damaged. The side bar I provide
with a recess at its end, through which the end bar passes at right angles
when adjusted in place in the post. A screw bolt passes through both these
ends, firmly securing them in the post, in which a screw thread is tapped for
securing the bolt passing up therein; the post I form in two parts, the screw
bolt above mentioned forming the end of the lower part or leg which passes
up through the ends of the bars, as before described, into the upper part of
the post; thus when it is required to put up or take down a bedstead it is
simply necessary to give the lower part of the leg a few turns, when the

page_text: screw being partly drawn out of the upper part of the post allows of the
insertion or withdrawal of the bar ends as the case may be. Wooden bed-
steads may also be made in the same way in place of the mortise and screws.
usually employed..
My Invention may also be applied to the construction of scaffolding for
building purposes the ledger and putlog being secured in the scaffold pole
in the same manner as the sides and ends in the bed post. I prefer to make
the pole in sections each about the height of a storey, so that the scaffolding
may be built up as the work progresses. Each section is composed of &
post the lower end of which turns in a socket in the section below, the upper
end being formed with a screw which passes up into the box part for securing
the ledger and putlog therein, said box part being provided with a recess or
socket for the reception of the lower end of the section above.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ellis Butterworth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th October
1867.
I, ELLIS BUTTERWORTH, of Calder Cottage, near Rochdale, in the County
of Lancaster, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON OR OTHER
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, first, in an improved apparatus for driving the
bobbin shafts of slubbing, intermediate, and roving frames. In performing
this part of my Invention I fasten a bevil wheel on one of the bobbin shafts,
which is driven by a bevil wheel on one end of a diagonal or cross shaft
(which shaft is carried by a frame, one end of which frame is supported by the
lifting rail or slide and the other by a fixing stud or shaft that is concentric-
with the wheel that drives the diagonal shaft); on the other end of this.
diagonal shaft is another bevil wheel, which is driven by a wheel fastened on
the boss of the "Jack-in-box," as usual; this wheel I make with the teeth to.
face the teeth in the wheel on the bobbin shaft first mentioned.
The second part of my Invention consists in makeing the shafts, studs, or
bosses on which revolve the "Jack-in-box" wheels of slubbing, intermediate,
and roving frames hollow or smaller in diameter for a portion of their lengths,
so as to form a reservoir for oil.

page_text: The third part of my Invention relates to the drawing rollers of slubbing,
intermediate, or roving frames, or other preparing or spinning machines;
these have formerly been made of steel or iron not hardened, but my Invention
eonsists in makeing them or the surfaces of them of hardened steel or iron or
other material which cannot easily be dented.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR WASHING OR CLEANSING CLOTHES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
November 1867. A communication from abroad by Moses Wil-
mington Staples, of Catskill, Greene County, State of New York, United
States of America.
-
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR
WASHING OR CLEANSING CLOTHES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to provide for a continuous circulation of the
water in boilers used for cleansing clothes. To this end the boiler (which
may be rectangular or any other suitable shape in plan) is fitted with a per-
forated false bottom to receive the clothes to be cleansed, and at its sides
vertical pipes or passages are provided which communicate with the space
below the false bottom, and with the space at the upper part of the boiler or
above the pile of clothes with which the boiler is charged.
To allow for the charging of the boiler it is provided with a removable
cover which may be held in place against internal pressure by any suitable
means: Water is admitted to the space below the false bottom, and when
the clothes are in place they may be covered in by a loose perforated plate.
On the application of heat to the boiler the water contained therein will be
forced up the vertical passages and discharged upon the perforated plate, or
upon the clothes, whence it will pass down through the mass and again

page_text: reach the bottom of the boiler. Here its temperature will be increased,
and rising again up the vertical passages will again return through the
clothes to the bottom of the boiler. A continuous circulation of boiling
water being thus kept up in the boiler the clothes submitted thereto will be
quickly cleansed. To avoid accidents it is proposed to fit the cover of the
boiler with a safety valve.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING Hoop IRON
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eli Deeley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th April 1867.
I, ELI DEELEY, of Pelsall, in the County of Stafford, Hoop Roller, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING
Hoop IRON," to be as follows:-
Heretofore in the rolling of hoop iron it has been usual to place the
different rolls side by side in such manner that upon the billet passing the.
first pair of rolls it is withdrawn therefrom by manual or other labour, and
by the same means transmitted to the second pair of rolls, and so on in
succession until the last pair of rolls has been passed.
Now by my Invention I propose to place the several pairs of rolls in a
direct line, and arranged in such manner, and at such distances from each
other, that upon the billet coming from the first pair of rolls it may at once
pass into the second pair of rolls, and so on successively until the "stran" or
last pair of rolls in the series has been passed. In order to facilitate the
transmission of the iron from one pair of rolls to another guides may be
provided. The iron after passing the "stran" or last pair of rolls will be too
hot to be at once conducted to the hard rolls, so it is then allowed to cool,
and at the proper time passed through the hard rolls in the usual manner.

page_text: According to the present mode of placing the different rolls side by side,
they are all driven by the same power and at the same speed. Now I
propose by means of proper gearing or other equivalent and well known
means to increase the speed of each pair of rolls after the first in direct
proportion to the draught upon the iron, so that the hoop may enter each
pair of rolls in a direct line (or nearly so) from the rolls it is leaving.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAIN- ING ARTIFICIAL LIGHT, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joshua Kidd at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th November
1867.
II
I, JOSHUA KIDD, of Paul's Wharf, in the City of London, Gas Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAIN-
ING ARTIFICIAL LIGHT, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in producing a mixture of atmospheric air or air
and coal gas combined with the heated vapour of non-volatile heavy hydro-
carbons, and in burning such mixture for the purpose of obtaining light
therefrom. I find that by mixing air and gas with the heated vapours of heavy
oils in suitable vessels, and in burning the same through properly constructed
burners, the mixture above referred to may with great economy be used
for lighting purposes, and if desired," when the oil vessel is raised to the
proper temperature, atmospheric air alone mixed with the vapour may be
used, as in burning it gives a bright and cheap light much superior to common
coal gas.
In carrying out my Invention, I attach a burner, preferably a circular one,
formed with a number of round or other shaped escaping apertures similar to
an Argand burner inverted, to the lower end of a pipe suspended from a
carburetting oil vessel, so constructed as that the heat from the light shall not
volatilize the oil. The apertures in the burner must be made much larger than
those required for burning coal gas alone. The holes may be so arranged in the

page_text: burner as to allow the mixed vapour to escape horizontally, but I prefer that
they be so arranged as to incline or force the escaping vapour downwards.
By this arrangement the mixed vapour burns more steadily and with less
tendancy to be blown out or smoke than when the flame is upright. The
heavy vapour mixed with air gives out less heat in burning than when mixed
with coal gas; on this account the burners must be much larger and be placed
much nearer to the oil vessel than when the apparatus is used for carburetting
gas alone. Where gas can be conveniently obtained, I prefer to use it mixed
with the air, and in order to raise the oil to the required temperature, the
mixture of gas and air should be regulated when ignited as to burn with a
blue flame; after the vapour begins to generate in the oil vessel the particles
of carbon are heated to a state of incandesence in the blue flame giving out
great illuminating power. The large escaping apertures in the burners serve
as a safety valve, in case the mixed air and gas should be drawn into the oil
vessel and explode, but to prevent this wire gauze may be placed in the before-
mentioned pipe attached to the burner.
The hydrocarbons most suitable for the purpose of my Invention are the
heavy oil of tar, creosote, napthaline, heavy petroleum, anthacene, parafine,
para-napthaline, and other non-volatile oils which are useless for ordinary
illuminating purposes.