Improvements in Refuse Furnaces, and in Apparatus for Utilising the Heat therefrom.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd June, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 11th Oct., 1894—Accepted, 22nd Dec., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Refuse Furnaces, and in Apparatus for Utilising
the Heat therefrom.
1, BRIERLEY DENHAM HEALEY of 24 Queen Victoria Street, London E.C.
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
These improvements may be summarised as follows-
1. Several improved details of construction in and connected with the furnaces
and apparatus described in the Specifications of Patents Nos. 8249, and 18398
A.D. 1892 and Nos. 6688 and 13105 A.D. 1893.
2. The use of recuperators built under or over the furnaces or in connection with
the main chimney flue in which the air blast for combustion may be heated.
3. An improved system of setting steam generators in connection with the furnaces
or the main chimney flue or byepass flues.
4. Extending the feeding bars in an upward direction by an additional set of bars
toggled into the upper end of first set.
The first part of this invention includes an improved section of dead plate at the
delivery end of the grate bars, which is inclined upwards towards the outer edge
to prevent the clinker breaking away too soon from the mass upon the grate.
The depth of the clinker receiver is such as to permit of the contents being
drawn into movable baskets or skeleton barrows, and to allow of access underneath
the lower plate to the ashpit of the furnace or for withdrawal of the fine ash by
removing a light plate when using forced blast.
The ashpit front when using forced blast is enclosed by a light plate the lower
edge of which dips into a water or sand lute of sufficient depth and the ends
and top of which are secured to permanent parts of furnace by means of cleated
handles.
The air blast main is built or formed under the ashpit and a branch is provided
at each side under the deadplate conveniently fitted with a flap valve which may
be operated from the front of the furnace just below the clinker receiver bottom
plate.
In practice I bave found the reverberatory arch above the grate to give the best
results when sprung at about nineteen to twenty inches above the grate and when
having five to six inches rise, the back set of heat outlets therein being about seven
inches from the back of furnace.
The main flue when it is built below a continuous refuse hopper may in certain
cases be advantageously formed with a quarter circle arch leaning away from the
furnace instead of having the usual semicircular arch.
When driving two grates by catch wheel gear I use wheels of different pitch
with arrangements for throwing either the slow or the quick speed out of gear and
the inner ends of the cams are coupled by an union having one tooth at each end
which are set at right angles to each other.
According to the second part of this invention I use recuperators for heating the
forced blast by means of the heated flue gases either as they are leaving the furnace
or after they have entered the main chimney flue.
It is sometimes convenient to form the recuperator chambers below the furnaces
and at other times above the furnaces but the most preferable method is 10 build
them in connection with the main chimney flue.
The most suitable form of recuperators for this purpose are known as " continuous

page_text: recuperators" formed of metal conduits through which the air is forced towards
the furnaces whilst the heated gases impinge on the outside of them.
Suitable valves and byepass Hues are provided in order to facilitate the work of
cleaning and repairing the main flues and recuperators.
According to the third part of this invention I sometimes set steam generators
across the main chimney flue the weight of the generators resting upon the flue
walls and the byepass flue in this case is underneath the generators.
At other times the best results are obtained by placing a suitable steam
generator over each furnace, always using the reverberatory arch over the firegrate,
with the heat outlets about seven inches from back of furnace irrespective of the
type of generator used.
According to the fourth part of this invention when very long feeding slopes are
required add an extra set of feeding bars to the upper end of first set and toggle
the lower end of second set into upper end of first set.
The upper toggle joints of the moving bars when thus extended may be carried
upon a set of oscillating bits the lower ends of the latter resting in a cross bearer
which may also support the knuckle part of the fixed bars.
Dated this 22nd day of Juve 1804
B. D. HEALEY.
Improvements in Refuse Furnaces, and in Apparatus for Utilising
the Heat therefrom.
1, BRIERLEY DESHAM HEALEY of 24 Queen Victoria Street, London E.C.
Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the saine is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
In order that this invention may be understood I have attached hereto three
sheets of drawings on which like letters of reference when repeated on the various
figures are used to denote the same or similar parts.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section shewing a steam generator of the water tube
type over my improved furnace, and Figures 5 and 6 are cross sections of the saine.
Part of Figure 6 is broken so as to shew the flue connection d otherwise the cross
sections are taken along the chimney flue V.
Figure 2 is a section and Figure 3 a half plan shewing the continuous type of
recuperator built in the main flue between the furnaces and the chimney.
Figure 4 is a plan of catch gear with union M for coupling the cam shafts or
catch wheels which permits of the cam shafts working safely when slightly out
of line.
Figure 7 shews by fragmentary section the blast main below the front part of
ashpit with branches lending up to the underside of the deadplate at each side of
furnace, and also indicates jets of exhaust steam which mix with the air blast in
the main when the recuperators are not used.
Figure 8 is a plan taken above the grates, and Figure 9 is a plan taken above
the main arch of furnaces, shewing a mattress chamber Q and a recuperator W,
all drawn to a reduced scale, and forming a complete setting for four furnaces with
or without steam generators over them.
The
Figure 10 is a longitudinal section shewing a continuous recuperator over my
improved furnace, and Figure 11 is a fragmentary cross section of the same.
right hand half of Figure 11 shews the downflue U and the left hand half shews
by dotted lines the air binst passage Z. In practice there is a downflue U and a
blast passage Z at each side of the furnace.
Figure 12 shows the valves for regulating the volume of exhaust steam which is
to be used with the air blast.

page_text: These improvements may be summarised as follows,
1. Several improved details of construction in and connected with the furnaces
and apparatus described in the Specifications of Patents Nos. 8249 and 18398
A.D. 1892, and Nos. 6688 and 13105 A.D. 1893.
2. The use of recuperators built under or over the furnaces or in connection with
the main chimney flue in which the air blast for combustion may be beated.
3. An improved system of setting steam generators in connection with the furnaces,
or the main chimney flue or byepass flues.
4. Extending the feeding bars in an upward direction by an additional set of bars
toggled into the upper end of first set.
The first part of this invention includes an improved section of deadplate A at
the delivery end of the grate bars B3 which is inclined upwards towards the outer
edge to prevent the clinker breaking away too soon from the mass upon the
grate.
The depth of the clinker receiver D is such as to permit of the contents being
drawn into movable baskets or skeleton barrows, and to allow of access underneath
the lower plate to the ashpit of the furnace for withdrawal of the fine ash.
The front of the clinker hopper D may be made quite vertical or inclined
as shewn on Figures 1, 7, and 10 and with two pairs of flap doors, the upper
pair for trimming the fires and the lower pair y for withdrawal of the
clinkers.
The ashpit front is enclosed by a light plate E the lower edge of which dips
into a trough which forms a water or sand lute and the ends and top of
said plate are secured to permanent parts of furnace by means of cleated
handles.
The air blast main F is built or formed under the ashpit and a branch Z is
provided at each side fitted with a flap valve G which is operated from the front
of the furnace, and when the recuperators W are not used exhaust steam jets 7 are
provided as shewn.
The reverberatory arch K above the grate B gives the best results when sprung
at about nineteen to twenty inches above the grate and when having five to six
inches rise, the back set of heat outlets L in said arch being about seven inches
from the back arch of the furnace chamber. The charging inlet is formed as
shewn on Figures 1 and 10 the feed bars n having 7 to 10 degrees less inclination
than the lintel plate p to ensure a more solid feed under the arch.
In driving two grates by means of catch wheel gear I use two wheels a' a" with
teeth of different pitch, and couple them together by an union M which has one
tooth N at each end at right angles to each other. Each wheel has a lever j, with
pall, and a back spring i for lifting the catch out of gear by hand, so as to work
the quick or slow wheel as may be desired.
The wheel a' may have 40 or 48 teeth and the wheel a 54 or 60 teeth, and
these wheels are connected to the cam shafts s one to the right and one to the left
hand of the union M. If the catch of the lever which operates the wheel a' is
lifted out of gear, the catch of the other lever will then drive both sets of grates,
and vice versa.
The speed or rate of forwarding notion of the grates, will vary according to the
number of teeth in the wheel which is driving.
Each lever is operated by an eccentric on overhead shafting and connected
thereto in any convenient and well-known way. The cam shaft s operates
the grate bars B and feeding bars n as described in Specification No. 18,398
A.D. 1892.
Air
The second part of this invention is indicated on Figures 2, 3, 10 and 11.
from the blower enters at X and passes through the pipes P the receiver Y and
conduits F S or Z to the underside of the furnace grate.
When burning dry or moderately dry refuse I let into the air blast main all or
part of the exhaust steam from the blowing engine by means of jets q formed in an
iron annular belt o put near to the delivery outlet of the blower. The engine

page_text: exhaust is provided with a tee piece which has two simple valves u connected by
a lever so that when one valve is open the other is shut and any degree of
regulation may be obtained by movement of lever :.
The heated flue gases flow in the direction shewn by arrows marked C and tha
forced blast in the direction shewn by arrows marked H.
Part of the air thus heated may be used for disinfecting apparatus and for linen
drying chambers and various other purposes without interfering with the working
of the furnaces.
Suitable valves and byepass flues are provided in order to facilitate the work of
cleaning and repairing the main flues and recuperators and all these minor details
nre well understood by furnace builders.
According to the third part of this invention set steam generators of the water
tube type over the refuse furnaces with flues arranged as shewn on Figures 1, 5,
and 6, and the same type of boilers may be built in connection with the main
chimney flue on a somewhat similar plan to what is shewn in Specification
No. 6688 A.D. 1893.
The beet results are however obtained by placing a water tube steni generator
over alternate furnaces when using refuse of average quality or one generator to
every third furnace when the refuse is of low calorific value always using the
reverberatory arch K over the firegrate, with the heat outlets about seven inches
from back of furnace as shewn on accompanying drawings.
Referring to Figures 1, 5, and 6 the steam generator over the central furnace b
receives the heat from the furnaces a and c through the side entrances d and the
waste gases escape through flues U to the chimney flue V the dampers e being
closed and the dampers and g open. When the refuse is very wet or unusually
poor use one or two oil jets as an auxiliary for short periods of time in order
to maintain the necessary supply of steam.
According to another modification boilers of the multitubular type may take the
place of the water tube boiler shewn on Figures 1, 5, and 6, one such multitubular
boiler being set on a level bed over every other or every third furnace. The
connecting flues from the side furnaces a and c for the heat to to the multi-
tubular boiler over furnace & and the down flues U are still built as shewn on
Figures 1, 5, and 6.
The midfeather to of the boiler seating is then built to within about two inches
of the shell of the boiler.
The back part of the furnace shewn by Figures 1 and 10 is enclosed by movable
sheets which are secured to the trough bearer by clented handles and to the
end angles of the hopper m and main framing by bolts.
According to the fourth part of this invention when very long feeding slopes are
required add an extra set of feeding bars to the upper end of first set and toggle
the lower end of second set into upper end of first set.
The upper toggle joints of the moving bars when thus extended may be carried
upon a set of oscillating bits the lower ends of the latter resting in a cross
bearer which may also support the knuckle part of the fixed bare.
Although only 4 cells are shewn by Figures 8 and 9 it is obvious that a greater
or less number may be grouped together in connection with the recuperator W
mattress chamber and inain flue T the mattress chamber Q being provided with
oil jets J for increasing the heat of the furnace gases when burning any offensive
material.
The blowers used for forcing the cold air forward into the recuperators may be
connected over the inlet section of recuperator at R by tubes or other couvenient
form of conduits.
When steam generators are used over the furnaces as shewn and described herein
there is very little advantage in building the recuperators and I then rely upon
mixing the exhaust steam with the air blast in the main F close to the delivery
of blowers.
Reference may be made to the Specifications of the Patents herein named for

page_text: explanation of well-known parts and for the method of feeding and stoking the
said furnaces.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The combination of a deadplate and clinker receiver with vertical or inclined
front for refuse furnaces substantially as herein shewn and described.
2. The combination of an ashpit front door with a trough luting at floor line for
refuse furnaces substantially as herein shewn and described.
3. The combination of an air blast branch with flap valve on each side of refuse
furnace ashpits substantially as herein shewn and described.
4. The position of reverberatory arch and outlets in same for refuse furnaces
substantially as herein shewn and described.
5. The use over refuse furnaces of recuperators for heating the air blast
substantially as herein shewn and described.
6. The use of a recuperator in the main chimney flue for heating the air blast
substantially as herein shewn and described.
7. Mixing the exhaust steam with the air blast and utilising its heat substantially
as herein shewn and described.
8. The use in refuse furnaces of hot forced blast produced by the method or
methods substantially as herein shewn and described.
9. The system of setting steam generators for utilising the heated gases from
refuse furnaces substantially as herein shewn and described.
Dated this Tenth day of October 1894.
B. D. HEALEY.