IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTING STEEL INGOTS, AND IN APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
I JAMES MELLING of the Cyclops Steel and Iron Works Sheffield in the County
of York Bessemer Steel Manager do hereby declare the nature of my said invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTING STEEL INGOTS, AND IN APPLIANCES CONNECTED
THEREWITH to be as follows :—
My invention relates to improvements in casting steel ingots and more especially
to ingots made under the Siemens or Bessemer process, whether such ingots are cast
singly or in clusters.
It consists in the use of an intermediate receivor or runner, having a suitablo
number of nozzles, and supported on the top of the ingot mould, or attached to the
bottom of the ladle; the molten metal being run direct from the ladle into the
receiver, and from the smaller nozzles of the receiver into the moulds.
By this method I am enabled to cast four or more small size ingots in the same
time it would take to cast one, without the use of tho receiver, and with a better
result; the casting of small ingots say of one and a half hundred weight being
practically impossible by the present method on account of weight of material, and
the larger nozzle in the ordinary ladle.
To cast a cluster of four ingots for example, I make the receiver or runner
somewhat in the shape of a basin, of cast iron, with lugs or their equivalents to
carry or lift it with, and through the bottom four holes are formed to correspond
in position with the centres of the four moulds. The inside of the receiver is lined
with a refractory loam such as gannister, and fireclay nozzles are fitted into the
four holes before mentioned. In the underside of the receiver, between the four
nozzles, a recess is formed, to fit over a corresponding projection on the top of the
ingot mould-this prevents the receiver being accidentally moved during the
operation of casting. It will be evident that the molten steel run into the receiver
from the ladle, will fill the four compartments of the mould at the same time. The
same method may be applied to clusters of six, eight, or more moulds; and in the
case of large ingots two or more nozzles may be used, thus distributing the inetal
more equally in the body of the mould.
The ebullition of the molten steel in the receiver before it passes into the
moulds, disperses the gases to a certain extent, and renders the ingots cast by my
improved method, more free from piping, and honeycomb.
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page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I, JAMES MELLING of the Cyclops Steel and Iron Works Sheffield in the County
of York Bessemer Steel Manager do hereby declare the nature of my invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTING STEEL INGOTS, AND IN APPLIANCES CONNECTED
THEREWITH and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement that is to say :—
My invention relates to improvements in casting steel ingots in clusters and
more especially to ingots made under the Siemens or Bessemer process.
It consists chiefly in the use of an intermediate receiver, or runner, provided
with a suitable number of nozzles, and arranged to be supported upon the top of
the ingot mould, or in some cases to be attached to the bottom of the ladle; the
molten metal being run direct from the ladle into the receiver, and through the
nozzles of the receiver into the ingot mould.
And in order that my invention may be clearly understood, I annex a sheet of
drawings to illustrate same in which the saine letters of reference indicate the same
parts in any of the figures.
Fig. 1, is an elevation of the receiver, part being shown in section.
Fig. 2, plan of underside of same.
Fig. 8, top of ingot mould-plan.
Fig. 4, top of same-elevation.
In carrying out my invention in the appliances for casting a cluster of four
ingots for example, I make the receiver or runner A preferably of a circular form,
with convenient lugs or handles B to lift it about by hand or crane, and through
the bottom four nozzle holes are formed, to correspond in position with the centres,
or thereabouts, of the four compartments of the mould marked C, C, C, C, in Fig. 3.
The said nozzle-holes are fitted with nozzles D, D, D, D, made of fire-clay, which
are dropped into their places and are supported by shoulders formed in the nozzle
holes. I prefer to line the inside of the receiver with a refractory loam, such as
gannister.
A recess E is formed in the underside of the receiver, between the four nozzles D,
to fit upon or over a corresponding projection or raised part F on the top of the
ingot mould G, the object being to prevent the receiver A moving or being moved
from its proper position during the operation of casting.
It will thus be evident that when the molten steel is poured from the ladle into
the receiver it will run through the four nozzles D, D, D, D, and fill the four
compartments of the cluster mould G, at one and the same time, and it will also be
seen that my invention can be readily applied to cluster moulds of six, eight, or
even more compartments.
By this method I an enabled to cast four or more small size ingots in the same
time it takes to cast one by the old method, and with a better result, it being
almost impossible to cast ingots of, say one and a half cwt, by the present Bessemer
appliances.

page_text: Also the ebullition of the molten steel into the receiver before it passes into the
mould, disperses the gases to a certain extent and leaves the ingots more free from
piping and honeycomb.
There is also less scrap made by the use of my above described method and
appliances.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
.
1. The method of casting clusters of ingots as hereinbefore described and
illustrated.
2. In casting clusters of ingots, the use of an intermediate receiver provided
with nozzles, for the purpose specified, and substantially as hereinbefore described
and illustrated.