IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER GAS FITTINGS, AND IN THE METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING AND MANUFACTURING THE SAME
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Thomas Sugg, of Vincent Works,
Vincent Street, in the City of Westminster, for the. Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER
GAS FITTINGS, AND IN THE METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING AND MANUFACTURING
THE SAME."
Sealed the 4th June 1875, and dated the 9th December 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Thomas Sugg
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 9th December 1874.
I, WILLIAM THOMAS SUGG, of Vincent Works, Vincent Street, in the
City of Westminster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER
GAS FITTINGS, AND IN THE METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING AND MANUFACTURING THE
SAME," to be as follows:-
'
-
•
This Invention consists of several improvements, in all of which the
principal object is the general improvement of argand and other gas

page_text: burners with a view to the better development of the illuminating
power in gas. Parts of the same improvements are however applicable
to other gas fittings.
The Invention is based upon one for which Letters Patent, No. 831,
dated March 18, 1869, were granted to me. In the latter the object
sought was the delivery of the gas at the point of ignition at a low
velocity, an exceedingly low pressure, and at a temperature as little
above the surrounding atmosphere as possible. The low pressure at the
point of ignition was produced by an adjustment, whereby the tubes,
conduits, or channels were less in area than the aggregate area of the
holes through which the gas escaped to be consumed.
The first part of the present Invention relates to the peculiar formation
of these holes, whereby the pressure is still further reduced, and this is
done by forming the steatite chamber without holes in the first instance,
and subsequently making radial cuts across the top of the burner with
a revolving cutter of such a size as to produce very large holes of a
suitable shape, and so ensure the delivery of the gas in a more advan-
tageous form for combustion.
.9
→
In some cases I prefer to make the steatite or glass top with its hcles
at the bottom, and so as to leave between the holes and the top of the
burner an annular hollow, which is either parallel or truncated in
section.
The second part of the Invention relates to the making in glass, or
part glass and part steatite, that portion of an argand burner usually
made of steatite, round, oval, or other shaped holes being made therein.
It is however preferred that the holes should be made across the top of
the burner in the manner described in the previous paragraph. The top
of the burner may be also made of two cylinders of glass, platinum wire
or plate being inserted in the top to maintain the cylinders in their
proper relative position, and to form the divisions or holes therein.
Another way of constructing an argand burner is to insert two
cylinders of glass in a metallic ring cast with a projection on its bottom
of such width as to keep the two cylinders apart and at a proper distance
from each other, the holes for the passage of the gas being made in the
metallic ring; or the whole of the burner top may be moulded and
blown in such a way as to dispense with the metallic ring.

page_text: A part of this Invention is also the making of batswing burners of
porcelain or by blowing and moulding them in glass, and afterwards
cutting the slit with a revolving cutter, as before described, care being
taken that the cutter shall be of such size as to produce the proper
width, depth, and form of slit. The Invention also consists in cutting
the slits in steatite burners with revolving cutters so that the bottom of
the slit shall be curved.
The third part of the Invention relates to the attachment of a solid or
hollow peg or plug to an argand burner so that the peg shall enter the
central aperture, thereby restricting the passage and directing the current
of air to the inner part of the flame.
a cage
The fourth part of the Invention has reference to the construction of
of wire gauze or perforated metal, which is made to surround the
lower part of an argand burner, and is provided with a collar, which on
being partially turned round or caused to slide up and down will regulate
the quantity of air admitted to the flame and prevent a prejudicial effect
upon it caused by any forcible current or disturbance of the surrounding
atmosphere.
The fifth part of the Invention consists in regulating the size of the
channels, and consequently the quantity of gas admitted to the steatite
chamber, by means of a screw with a conical, or preferably curved point,
working through a stuffing box and against a seat formed in the inlet
chamber or nose piece. This screw may be made to act either the part
of a regulating valve or stop cock, or both, according to its particular
arrangement, and it is this part of the apparatus that may be made
applicable as a stop, cock to gas fittings in general.
'
A modification of the foregoing consists in forming the inlet chamber
with a stuffing box, so that when the burner is turned round or partially
round upon the ordinary nose piece the gas way may be partly or entirely
closed.
Another arrangement for adjusting the size of the conduits consists in
making a thread in the inlet and fitting therein a plug with a corre-
sponding thread, this plug being operated upon by a spindle passing
through the top of the inlet chamber (which has a stuffing box) by a
milled head or similar device. Attached to the milled head is the peg
which passes into the central aperture of the burner, and the plug in
the inlet chamber has one, two, or more holes made through it. Upon

page_text: turning the milled head the plug will be raised or lowered so as to
increase or diminish the size of the gas ways, while the peg will be also
raised or lowered in the central aperture, thus regulating both the supply
of air and gas by the same operation.
Another way of adjusting the size of the gas ways in proportion to
the orifices at the point of ignition is by the insertion of a batswing or
flat flame burner nib, or a plug having a suitably shaped orifice therein
in the nose piece or in the inlet chamber of the burner.
The sixth part of the Invention consists in perforating the gallery or
glass holder at or near the same height as the perforations in the cone..
The seventh part of the Invention consists in casting the various parts
in metal moulds either separately or wherever practicable in combination
with each other.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
tiled by the said William Thomas Sugg in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 8th June 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
THOMAS SUGG, of Vincent Works, Vincent Street, in the City of West-
minster, send greeting.
Victoria, by, Her
December, in the
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen
Letters Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said William Thomas Sugg, Her
special license that I, the said William Thomas Sugg, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Thomas Sugg, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER
GAS FITTINGS, AND IN THE METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING AND MANUFACTURING THE
SAME', upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William
66

page_text: Thomas Sugg, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Thomas Sugg, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :—
This Invention consists of several improvements, in all of which the
principal object is the general improvement of argand and other gas
burners with a view to the better development of the illuminating power
in gas. Parts of the same improvements are however applicable to other
gas fittings.
The Invention is based upon one for which Letters Patent, No. 831,
dated March 18, 1869, were granted to me. In the latter the object
sought was the delivery of the gas at the point of ignition at a low
velocity, an exceedingly low pressure, and at a temperature as little
above the surrounding atmosphere as possible. The low pressure at the
point of ignition was produced by an adjustment whereby the tubes,
conduits, or channels were less in area than the aggregate area of the
holes through which the gas escaped to be consumed.
The first part of the present Invention relates to the peculiar formation
of these holes, whereby the pressure is still further reduced, and this is
done by forming the steatite chamber without holes in the first instance,
and subsequently making radial cuts across the top of the burner with a
revolving cutter of such a size as to produce very large holes of a
suitable shape, and so ensure the delivery of the gas in a more advan-
tageous form for combustion.
In some cases I prefer to make the steatite or glass top with its holes
at the bottom, and so as to leave between the holes and the top of the
burner au annular hollow space, which is either parallel or truncated in
section.
The second part of the "Invention relates to the making in glass, or
part glass and part steatite, that portion of an argand burner usually

page_text: made of steatite, round, oval, or other shaped holes being made therein.
It is however preferred that the holes should be made across the top of
the burner in the manner described in the previous paragraph. The top
of the burner may be also made of two cylinders of glass, platinum wire
or plate being inserted in the top to maintain the cylinders in their
proper relative position and to form the divisions or holes therein.
Another way of constructing an argand burner is to insert two
cylinders of glass in a metallic ring cast with a projection on its bottom.
of such width as to keep the two cylinders apart and at a proper distance
from each other, the holes for the passage of the gas being made in the
metallic ring; or the whole of the burner top may be moulded and
blown in such a way as to dispense with the metallic ring.
A part of this Invention is also the making of batswing burners of
porcelain, or by blowing and moulding them in glass, and afterwards
cutting the slit with a revolving cutter, as before described, care being
taken that the cutter shall be of such size as to produce the proper width,'
depth, and form of slit. The Invention also consists in cutting the slits
in steatite burners with revolving cutters so that the bottom of the slit
shall be curved.
7
The third part of the Invention relates to the use for an argand burner
of a solid or hollow peg or plug which enters the central aperture,
thereby restricting the passage and directing the current of air to the
inner part of the flame, the lower part of which is attached to a regulating
screw, as herein-after described.
The fourth part of the Invention has reference to the construction of
a cage of perforated metal which is made to surround the lower part of an
argand burner, and is provided with an external perforated sheath, which
on being partially turned round or caused to slide up and down will regu-
late the quantity of air admitted to the flame and prevent a prejudicial
effect upon it caused by any forcible current or disturbance of the sur-
rounding atmosphere.
The fifth part of the Invention consists in regulating the size of the
channels, and consequently the quantity of gas admitted to the steatite
chamber, by means of a screw with a conical, or preferably curved point,
working through a stuffing box and against a seat formed in the inlet
chamber or nose piece. The screw may be made applicable as a stop
cock to gas fittings in general,

page_text: A modification of the foregoing consists in forming the inlet chamber
with a stuffing box. so that when the burner is turned round upon the
ordinary nose piece the gas way may be partly or entirely closed.
Another arrangement for adjusting the size of the conduits consists in
making a thread in the inlet and fitting therein a plug with a corre-
sponding thread, this plug being operated up by a spindle passing
through the top of the inlet chamber (which has a stuffing box) by a
milled head or similar device. Attached to the milled head is a peg
which passes into the central aperture of the burner, and the plug in the
inlet chamber has one, two, or more holes made through it. Upon
turning the milled head the plug will be raised or lowered so as to
increase or diminish the size of the gas ways, while the peg will be also
raised or lowered in the central aperture, thus regulating both the supply
of air and gas by the same operation.
Another way of adjusting the size of the gas ways in proportion to
the orifices at the point of ignition is by the insertion of a batswing or
flat flame burner nib, or a plug having a suitably shaped orifice therein
in the nose piece or in the inlet chamber of the burner.
The sixth part of the Invention consists in perforating the gallery, as
herein-after described.
The seventh part of the Invention consists in casting the various parts
in metal moulds either separately or wherever practicable in combination
with each other.
In order that the foregoing may be more easily understood Drawings
are attached hereto, of which the following is a description :——
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of a burner, in which A is the steatite
top with its radially cut holes shown more distinctly in Fig. 2, which is
a plan of the same burner; B is the cone; C, C, the delivery tubes;
and D is a peg or plug, either hollow or solid, as shown in the Drawing.
It will be seen that the lower part of the peg terminates in a screw and
curved point, and is capable of being turned by the milled shoulder E.
the result of such turning being either to open or close the gas way in
the nose piece F, the screw working through a stuffing box G; H is a
gallery glass or chimney holder, which is perforated so as to allow of a
current of air to enter horizontally, and then to pass upwards. Fig. 3
is an elevation of the same burner.
.c
'

page_text: holes for the issue of the gas are placed at or near the bottom of the
steatite chamber.
Fig. 5 is a similar view with the opening at the top contracted:
Figs. 6 and 7 are other views of the same kind, showing the methods
of attaching a brass, copper, or platinum top wherein the holes for the
issue of the gas are made.
Fig. 8 is a plan of a steatite, glass, or porcelain burner, and exhibits
the mode of keeping the sides asunder by the introduction of a curved
platinum or other wire.
Fig. 9 is a sectional elevation of a batswing burner with a revolving
cutter dotted in, from which it will be seen how the form and depth of
the slit in the burner are regulated.
Fig. 10 is a similar burner to Fig. 1, but is provided with a perforated
screen or cage J covered with a moveable sheath I. The apertures in
these correspond with each other when wide open, but are capable of
being contracted by sliding the outer sheath partially round the inner
one by a knob K: It will be seen that by the general arrangement in
this Figure the entry of the air, whether it be to the central tube betwċen
the burner and cone or between the cone and chimney, is capable of
being regulated with great nicety.
Fig. 11 shows the method of forming the inlet chamber with a stuffing
box so that as the burner is turned round upon the ordinary nose piece
the
gas way may be partly or entirely closed.
Fig. 12 is the arrangement whereby a two or more threaded screw
working through a stuffing box is made available as a stop cock to
ordinary gas fittings.
Having now described and particularly set forth the nature of this
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that I do not confine
or restrict myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have
described or referred to, as variations may be made therefrom without
deviating from the principles or main features of this Invention, but
what I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the

page_text: Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is,
Firstly. Making radially cut holes with a circular cutter in argand
burners constructed of steatite, glass, porcelain, or other suitable
substance.
Secondly. The construction of burners with a perforated gallery or
chimney holder, as shown in Drawings, Figs. 1, 3, and 10, whereby an
independent current of air is allowed to enter horizontally.
Thirdly. The making of burners with the holes for the emission of gas
at or near the bottom, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5.
Fourthly. Forming the top of the burner of brass, copper, platinum,
or other suitable metal in the manner as described and shown on the
Drawings, Figs. 6 and 7.
Fifthly. The cutting of the slits in flat flame buruers with circular
cutters, thereby giving a curved form to the bottom of said slits.
Sixthly. The construction of argand burners, as shown in Fig. 8.
Seventhly. The making of argand burners with a perforated screen or
cage and moveable sheath, as shown in Fig. 10.
Eighthly. The arrangement whereby the flow of gas is regulated, as
shown in Fig. 11.
Ninthly. Forming stop cocks, as described and shown on the Drawings
in Fig. 12.
And, Tenthly. The use of glass as a material for forming the chambers
of gas burners from which the gas issues for combustion.
Eleventhly. Casting the various parts in metal either separately or in
combination with each other.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Thomas Sugg, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Eighth day of June, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.
WILLIAM T. SUGG. (L.S.)