IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING BY MEANS OF OIL OR GAS, AND IN PART APPLICABLE TO LIGHTING APPARATUS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Love, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
HEATING AND VENTILATING BY MEANS OF OIL OR GAS, AND IN PART
APPLICABLE TO LIGHTING APPARATUS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Love at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th October 1880.
WILLIAM LOVE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING BY MEANS OF
OIL OR GAS, AND IN PART APPLICABLE TO LIGHTING APPARATUS."
This Invention has principally for its object the construction of improved
apparatus for heating and ventilating by means of oil lamps, such apparatus being
applicable with little or no modification for heating and ventilating by means of
gas. The Invention also comprises improvements in the oil-lamp details, which
are applicable not only in connection with the heating and ventilating arrange-
ments, but also when the oil lamps are used for lighting purposes.
In carrying out the Invention air led in from the external atmosphere is made
to pass over extended and circuitous metallic surfaces which are heated by the
gaseous combustion products, but so that these products do not mix with the air
that is being heated, and the air when heated is delivered into the apartment or
interior to be heated and ventilated through suitable openings or passages provided
in or in connection with the heating apparatus or stove. By the arrangements
employed the products of combustion are inade to yield up a large portion of their
heat to the air, and they are at the same time prevented from entering into and
contaminating the air of the apartment.
The improved apparatus is susceptible of various modifications, in one of which
the stove or casing is made of sheet iron, which when an ornamental exterior is
desired is covered or partly covered with tiles; or the casing may be made of cast-
iron. Internally a part of the casing is divided by partitions into a series of flat
shallow horizontal chambers communicating with each other, and the lowermost
one receiving fresh air from the outer atmosphere by a pipe or flue, whilst the

page_text: uppermost one has one or more outlets by which the heated air passes into the
apartment. Alternating with the air chambers spaces are formed for the com-
bustion products, which entering at the lowermost pass upwards from one space to
the next higher, and finally from the highest into a chimney.
A sheet of
In a second modification a series of horizontal plates are fixed in the casing so as
to extend alternately from opposite sides about three fourths across.
metal is then bended and interposed so as to divide the serpentine passage running
through the plates, and the air to be heated is led along one of the two passages
thus formed, whilst the combustion products proceed along the other passage.
In a third modification the air to be heated is led through a coil of piping which
The combustion
is closely packed together in the form of a cone or pyramid.
products first rise at the centre of the space within the cone, and next descending
at the sides pass under the base of the cone, afterwards proceeding upwards
again between the outside of the cone and the casing, and finally passing off to the
chimney.
In a fourth modification a sheet-iron cone of a stepped form is used, and the
outer casing is by preference also of a conical form, so as to confine the air which
passes between it and the inner cone, and bring it into closer contact with the
heated surfaces. The horizontal parts of the cone are extended to the outer casing
to divide the air space into horizontal chambers communicating with each other,
the air being thereby made to travel through an elongated course. These divisions
of the air space may be made by layers of wire gauze or perforated plates instead
of close plates. The combustion products after acting inside of the cone proceed
from its apex through a pipe passing round the air space and thence to the
chimney.
In the various arrangements hereinbefore described the air channels or spaces are
by preference increased in size as they ascend to allow of the gradual expansion
of the air as it becomes heated.
Air to support combustion may be admitted from the apartment by suitable
openings, but the number and size of these are by preference adjusted to the
requirements of combustion, so that an excess of cold air cannot enter to diminish
the heating action of the combustion products. With the same object and when
gas is used a cylindrical or conical shield is extended from the burner or burners
to the bottom of the stove, and covers the openings by which air enters, so that
the air is guided directly to the burner or burners, and prevented from circulating
otherwise into the interior of the stove.
When oil lamps are used openings or passages for air are made through the oil
reservoir, the conical shield from the burner being made to rest on the upper face
of the reservoir. Or the shield may extend over the whole of the reservoir and
rest on the bottom of the stove, with a sufficient space between it and the reservoir
for the air to pass up.
This arrangement also tends to keep the oil reservoir
cool.
When gas is used the stove may be provided with any suitable known kind of
burner; it is, however, preferred to employ a circular series of common gas-light
burners, each surmounted by a Hoffman fireclay burner.
When oil is used any ordinary paraffin or petroleum burner may be taken; but
preference is given to a triplex burner fitted with mechanism for raising and
lowering the three wicks simultaneously by one winding button or knob. The
winder acts by a pinion on a rack which is fixed to a disc or horizontal plate
having also fixed to it three fingers, one to each wick. These fingers slide in slight
recesses formed for them inside of the wick tube, and they have diamond points at
their upper ends to take hold of the wicks. This combined arrangement is also
applicable with two wicks or with four or more wicks. What is known as a
Young's regulator is by preference combined with the wick tubes and winding
mechanism to prevent the wicks from being raised too high and smoking.
The wick tubes are fitted with an improved extinguishing appliance consisting

page_text: in each case of a small movable flap held or pressed inwards by a spring, and
applied in place of a piece cut away from the top of one side of the wick tube.
When the wick is lowered this flap closes in over it, and effectually extinguishes
all combustion; and when the wick is raised again it opens the flap without
difficulty, the spring being not more than strong enough to turn the flap
inwards.
The improved wick moving mechanism and the extinguishing appliance are
advantageously applicable to lamps used for lighting.
When heating the stoves by means of oil lamps the oil reservoir and burners are
made removable, so that they can be carried away to be filled and trimmed, and
sinell thereby be avoided in the apartment wherein the stove is placed. The stove
is also provided with a close fitting door having a small window of glass or mica
for purposes of observation, and also for showing a little light when this may be
desired, as, for example, in a sick room or nursery.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Love in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th April
1881.
"
WILLIAM LOVE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING BY MEANS OF
OIL OR GAS, AND IN PART APPLICABLE TO LIGHTING APPARATUS."
My said Invention has principally for its object the construction of improved
apparatus for heating and ventilating by means of oil lamps, such apparatus being
applicable with little or no modification for heating and ventilating by means of
gas. My Invention also comprises improvements in the oil-lamp details which are
applicable not only in connection with the beating and ventilating arrangements,
but also when the oil lamps are used for lighting purposes.
In carrying out my Invention, air led in from the external atmosphere is made to
pass over extended and circuitous metallic surfaces which are heated by the gaseous
combustion products, but so that these products do not mix with the air that is
being heated, and the air when heated is delivered into the apartment or interior
to be heated and ventilated through suitable openings or passages provided in or in
connection with the heating apparatus or stove. By the arrangements employ
the products of combustion are made to yield up a large portion of their heat to
the air, and they are at the same time prevented from entering into and con-
taminating the air of the apartment,
My improved apparatus is susceptible of various modifications, examples of
which are hereinafter particularly described. In the various arrangements the air
channels or spaces are by preference increased in size as they ascend to allow of
the gradual expansion of the air as it becomes heated. Air to support combustion

page_text: may be admitted from the apartment by suitable openings, but the number and
size of these are, by preference, adjusted to the requirements of combustion, so that
an excess of cold air cannot enter to dilute the gaseous combustion products and
thereby diminish their heating action.
When oil is used any ordinary paraffin or petroleum burner may be taken, but I
prefer to employ a triplex burner fitted with mechanism for raising and lowering
the three wicks simultaneously by one winding button or knob. The wick tubes
are fitted with an improved extinguishing appliance, consisting in each case of a
small movable flap held or pressed inwards by a spring and applied at the top of
one side of the wick tube. When the wick is lowered this Hap closes in over it
and effectually extinguishes all combustion, and when the wick is raised again it
opens the flap without difficulty, the spring being not more than strong enough to
turn the flap inwards.
The improved wick moving mechanism and the extinguishing appliance are
advantageously applicable to lamps used for lighting.
When arranging the stoves to be heated by means of oil lamps the oil reservoirs
and burners are made removable so that they can be carried away to be filled and
trimmed, and smell be thereby avoided in the apartment wherein the stove is placed.
The stove may also be provided with a close fitting door, having a small window of
glass or mica for purposes of observation, and also for showing a little light when
this may be desired, as, for example, in a sick room or nursery.
And in order that my said Invention and the manner of performing the same
may be properly understood, I hereunto append two Sheets of explanatory
Drawings to be hereinafter referred to, and representing various examples of my
improved apparatus. In these Drawings the same reference numerals are used to
mark the same or like parts wherever they are repeated.
Figures 1 and 2, on Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawings, are horizontal and
vertical sections of a first modification of my improved heating and ventilating
stoves. The casing and other parts of the stove may be made of sheet iron, or of
castiron, or of a combination thereof, and when an ornamental exterior is desired
the casing may be covered or partly covered with tiles. The stove is of a
rectangular form, and internally the upper part of the casing is divided by partitions
into a series of flat shallow horizontal chambers 12, 13, communicating with each
other, and the lowermost one, 12, receiving fresh air from the outer atmosphere by
a pipe or flue 14, whilst the uppermost one 13 has one or more outlets 15, by
which the heated air passes into the apartment. In the interval between the air
chambers 12, 13, a space 16 is formed for the gaseous combustion products, and
when the stove is constructed, as may often be the case, with more than the two
air chambers 12, 13, spaces for the hot gases, like the space 16, will be arranged
alternately with the air spaces. The lamps 17 and oil reservoir 18 are placed in a
closed chamber 19, forming the lower part of the stove, and the hot gases pass from
the lamps by a passage 20 formed through the lower air space 12 into the hot-gas
space 16, and thence by an outlet 21 which communicates with a chimney. The
air chambers 12, 13, communicate with each other by a passage 22, and when there
are several air chambers the similar passages forming communications between
them are placed alternately at opposite sides or ends. Instead of the chamber 19
being made of the depth shown in Figure 2 the bottom of it may be arranged at
the position of the dotted line 45-45; but in that case the lamps 17 and oil
reservoir 18 will be kept in the same relative position, so that they will be below
the bottom (45) of the chamber, the chimneys or upper parts projecting up through
openings in bottom (45). In some cases the outlet (21) for the gaseous combustion
products may be arranged below the air chamber 12, a suitable communication
being made between it and the uppermost hot-gas space.
In a second modification, which is shown in vertical section in Figure 3, a series
of horizontal plates 23 are fixed in the casing, so as to extend alternately from
opposite sides or ends to within a short distance of the opposite sides or ends. A
sheet 24 of metal is then bended and interposed, so as to divide the serpentine

page_text: passage running through the plates 23, and the air to be heated is led along one, 25,
of the two passages thus formed, whilst the gaseous combustion products proceed
along the other passage 26.
In a third modification, which is shown in vertical section in Figure 4, the air
to be heated is led through a coil of piping 27, which is closely packed together
in the form of a cone or pyramid. The gaseous combustion products first rise at
the centre of the space 28 within the cone, and next descending at the sides pass
under the base of the cone, afterwards proceeding upwards again in the space 29
between the outside of the cone and the casing, and finally passing off by the
outlet 21 to the chimney.
In a fourth modification, shown in sectional plan and in vertical section in
Figures 5 and 6, on Sheet 2 of the accompanying Drawings, a sheet iron cone 30
of a stepped form is used, and the outer casing 31 is by preference of a conical form,
as shown, to confine the air which passes between it and the inner cone 30, and
bring it into close contact with the heated surfaces. The horizontal parts of the
inner cone 30 are extended to the outer casing 31, to divide the air space into
horizontal chambers, which communicate with each other alternately at opposite
sides, the air being thereby made to travel through an elongated course. These
horizontal divisions of the air space may be made by layers of wire gauze or by
perforated plates instead of close plates. The gaseous combustion products after
acting inside the cone 30 proceed from its apex through a pipe 32, passing round
the top of the air space and thence to the chimney.
In the first modification hereinbefore described (Figures 1 and 2), oil lamps are
the means of obtaining the heat; and in Figure 6, representing the fourth
modification, a set of gas burners 33 are shown for that purpose. Various kinds
of gas burners may be used, but the kind which I prefer is what is known as a
Hoffman fireclay burner surmounting an ordinary burner or gas jet orifice. In
any of the modifications of stove either oil lamps or gas burners may be used,
accordingly as oil or gas is more conveniently available or is preferred. When gas
is used a cylindrical or conical shield 34, Figure 6, is extended from the burner or
burners 33 to the bottom of the stove, and covers the openings 35 by which air
enters, so that the air is guided directly to the burner or burners, and prevented
from circulating otherwise into the interior of the stove.
When oil lamps are used, openings or passages for air may be made through the oil
reservoir 18, as indicated by dotted lines in Figure 2, the conical shield (34) being
in that case made to rest on the upper face of the reservoir.
Or the shield 34 may
extend, as shown in Figure 2, over the whole of the reservoir 18 and rest on the
bottom of the stove, with a sufficient space between it and the reservoir for the air
to pass up from the openings 35. This arrangement also tends to keep the oil
reservoir 18 cool. The air inlets 35 are proportioned as nearly as is conveniently
practicable so as to limit the supply of air to what is simply necessary for
combustion, in order that the gaseous products of combustion being undiluted
may be of
high temperature, and on that account the more readily communicate
heat through the metal partitions or divisions to the air desired to be heated.
Figure 7 is a plan, and Figure 8 a vertical section of a burner for an oil lamp
with two wicks, the wick tubes 36 being fitted with my improved extinguishing
appliance. One side of each wick tube is as it were cut away at its upper end,
and for the piece supposed to be cut away there is substituted a small flap 37
shown separately in edge view and in face view in Figure 9. The flap 37 is
hinged to the wick tube either by means of projections formed on its ends and
entered into sockets in the wick tube, or in any other convenient way; and a
light spring 38 is applied to it to tend to turn or fold it inwards into the position
in which it is shown in Figure 8. When the wicks are raised they easily open
the flaps 37, and when the wicks are lowered the flaps close over then and stop
further combustion. Each flap 37 may be cut or formed out of thin sheet metal,
and the spring may be made in the same piece with either the wick-tube or the
flap instead of a separate spring 38 being applied.

page_text: Figure 10 is a plan, and Figure 11 is a vertical section of a triplex or three-wick
burner for an oil lamp as fitted with my improved mechanism for simultaneously
raising and lowering the three wicks by one winding button or knob 39. The
spindle of this knob 39 has fast on it a pinion 40 gearing with a vertical rack or
toothed bar 41, placed centrally in the burner, and guided by passing through
openings in the top and bottom of the box 42, in which the wick tubes 36 are
fixed. On the bottom end of the rack bar 41 there is fixed a plate 43, to which
are attached three fingers 44, made of thin spring metal or other suitable metal.
These fingers 44 slide in slight recesses formed for them inside the wick tubes 36,
and their upper ends are bent and diamond-pointed to engage with or act on the
wicks. This combined arrangement may also be applied with two wicks, or with
four or more wicks. What is known as a Young's regulator is by preference also
combined with the wick tubes and winding mechanism, to prevent the wicks from
being raised too high and smoking.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I have to state that I do not restrict myself to the
precise details herein described or delineated, but that what I believe to be novel
and original, and claim as the Invention secured to me by and in terms of the
hereinbefore in part recited Letters Patent is, —
1. The arranging or combining together of the parts of stoves or apparatus for
heating and ventilating by means of oil or gas, substantially as herein before
described with reference to any of the modifications delineated in Figures 1 to 6 of
the accompanying Drawings.
2. The extinguishing appliance herein before described with reference to Figures
7, 8, and 9 of the accompanying Drawings, and consisting of a flap (37) hinged to
the side of each wick tube, and closing over by a light spring action when the wick
is lowered, as hereinbefore described.
3. The mechanism for raising or lowering two or more wicks by one button or knob,
as herein before described with reference to Figures 10 and 11 of the accompanying
Drawings, and consisting of a rack bar acted on by a pinion, and having connected
to its bottom end fingers passing up the several wick tubes and engaging with the
wicks.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Love, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Thirteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and sights on
WILLIAM LOVE. (L.S.)