matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Shaw at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd July 1867.
I, ROBERT SHAW, of Barrow-in-Furness, in the County of Lancaster, Black-
smith, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a new distribution or arrangement of the parts
of motive-power engines driven by steam, water, or other elastic or so-called
inelastic fluid at pressure, and has for its object to provide a compact and
durable engine suitable for general use.
Within a cylinder provided with a valve to regulate the admission of the
steam or other fluid I place a piston made longer or deeper than those now
The said piston is caused to reciprocate as in ordinary motive-power
engines, but instead of having the usual piston rod connected thereto, and led
away through the end of the cylinder to a crank or its equivalent connected to
the shaft to make such shaft rotate, it, the said piston, is fitted with an
excentric and guide or crank within itself. The said excentric or crank is
secured on the main shaft, which passes transversely through the cylinder and
piston, and by these parts the reciprocatory motion of the piston is converted
into rotatory of the main shaft. Bed plate, framing, bearings, connections,
and appurtenances requisite in ordinary motive-power engines are provided.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINE INDICATORS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Addy Hopkinson and Joseph
Hopkinson, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 26th October 1867.
We, JOHN ADDY HOPKINSON and JOSEPH HOPKINSON, junior, both of
Huddersfield, in the County of York, Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINE INDICATORS,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists, in the first place, in the use of a continuously
revolving barrel on which the diagrams are taken, such barrel being connected
with any required part of the engine, and caused by means of suitable con-
nections to make either an equal or quarter or less number of revolutions than
the engine as may be required.
Our Invention consists, in the second place, in an improved pencil holder,
which contracts or expands by the motion of the piston or other part to which
it may be attached. This expanding and contracting pencil holder is con-
structed on the principle of mechanical motion known by the term of "lazy
tongs," and may be expanded or contracted as required by motion being
imparted thereto either above or below a fixed or stationary centre. The
pencil is placed at the extreme point of action of the holder, and is caused to
traverse the length of the barrel to any required scale, and owing to this
peculiar form of pencil holder it may after use be detached from the indicator,
and closed up into a small compass, so as to be either enclosed in a case with
the instrument or carried on the person without injury.

page_text: And our Invention consists, in the third place, in dispensing with the
ordinary slide or slides in direct acting steam engine indicators by connecting
the "lazy-tong" pencil holder with the top of the piston rod, over which is
fixed a bent pillar or support for the fixed centre. By means of this "lazy-
tong" motion of the pencil holder an enlarged piston can be applied, neces-
sarily requiring a proportionably strong spring, by which the friction of the
pencil on the paper may be more powerfully overcome, and a more accurate
atmospheric line on the diagram be taken.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHURNS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Liebermann at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th October
1867.
I, WILLIAM LIEBERMANN, of Christian Street, Commercial Road, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHURNS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of
churns whereby butter may be made in a few minutes, the churns being
self-acting.
I propose to set on a framework supported on standards a hollow drum of
wood capable of turning vertically on a horizontal shaft placed and resting
in bearings on the frame; one end of the shaft or axis is provided with a
pinion or small toothed wheel, which is furnished with a toothed ring gearing
into the teeth of the pinion. The bearing of this spring box is also in the
frame at the side of the pinion. The drum has an aperture at the top fitted
with a hinged lid and fastening, by which means the cream to be churned is
supplied to the drum; the spring having been wound up by a winch handle
fitting a square or triangular spindle, the drum which is previously secured
to the frame by a hook is released and is caused to rotate rapidly by the

page_text: power of the spring, which is to be of such length as to continue turning the
drum for about six or seven minutes, when it will be found that the cream
has been converted into butter; should the cream not have been entirely
converted when the spring has exhausted itself a few turns of the winch handle
will be sufficient to effect the object. The pinion may be worked by the
winch handle and toothed ring or wheel without the use of the spring if
desired, but I prefer to use the spring. The drum is smooth or flush in its
internal surface, and has no projections or agitators, and the butter is made by
the agitation created by the rapid turning of the drum, when the butter is
made the drum is inverted and the lid opened through which the cream was
introduced, when the butter will fall out, after which the drum is again turned
half round, and water is to be poured in so as to cleanse or wash the churn,
the water passing out at a small opening in the drum opposite the lid, such
opening being afterwards closed with a stopper or plug.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GINNING COTTON
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William McAndrew at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st January
1867. A communication from abroad by Charles Wilson Boyd, of Sokia,
in Asia Minor.
I, WILLIAM M ANDREW, of No. 57, King William Street, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GINNING COTTON," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for ginning
cotton; for these purposes the roller is, as heretofore, covered with leather,
and has a spiral groove around it. Against the ginning roller a doctor or
straight knife is pressed by springs, as is usual with this class of cotton gins;
the surface of the roller moves upwards towards the doctor; to these parts is
applied a beater bar which has numerous beaters fixed to it, the edges of the
lower ends of which are moved quickly to and fro along the lower edge of
the doctor and in close proximity therewith so as to move the seeds from the
cotton; these beaters are, by preference, of polished steel; the extent of
motion of the beater bar is arranged to be capable of adjustment in order to
suit its action to different lengths or staple of cotton fibres; the beaters are
fixed on the beater bar parallel to each other and at right angles to the doctor,
they are also set at a short distance apart, generally between one and two
inches apart.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILINGS OR FENCES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th January
1867. A communication from abroad by Arthur Gandillot, of Paris, in
the Empire of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILINGS OR FENCES," (a communication to me from
abroad by Arthur Gandillot, of Paris, in the Empire of France,) to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to wrought iron or other metal railings or fences,
and has for its object the obtainment of a firm and strong fencing which may
be easily and rapidly constructed or taken in pieces and packed in a small
compass when required for transport.
According to this Invention the vertical rails or bars of the fence may be
made either solid or tubular, but in lieu of supporting and maintaining them
in their relative positions by passing them through holes made for that purpose
in horizontal continuous bars situate near the upper and lower ends of the
vertical bars, as in the ordinary area or house railings at present employed, it
is proposed to keep the several vertical bars in their places by introducing
between them short lengths of tubular bars, the extreme length of which is
about equal to the distance from centre to centre of the vertical bars. These
intermediate tubular distance pieces may be so shaped at their extremities as

page_text: to fit accurately against and partly embrace the opposite sides of the vertical
bars, and the whole of the parts are held together by long bolts passing through
transverse holes in the upright bars and through the intermediate tubular
distance pieces near the upper and lower ends thereof, the parts being tightened
up by nuts on the outer ends of the long bolts.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY BUFFERS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Clement Martin and James Grint
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
24th May 1867.
We, CLEMENT MARTIN, of Hammersmith, in the County of Middlesex, and
JAMES GRINT, of Battersea, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY BUFFERS," to be
as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in railway buffers. For this
purpose we arrange the buffers to act in pairs, one of such buffers being fixed
to the buffer plank and being formed with a recess, into which the end of the
spring buffer is received; the fixed buffer is bell-shaped, or the sides of the
recess are so formed as to guide the end of the spring buffer into it and
towards the centre of such fixed buffer. If desired the fixed buffer may be
formed with inclined sides, but open at top and bottom so as to allow of the
rising and falling of the carriages, whilst their action would tend to retain
When
aljacent carriages in correct relative position one with another.
employing a fixed buffer of a bell or other similar shape the buffers of each
carriage will act to support a portion of the load of the other carriage, and at
the same time to retain the carriages in correct relative position one with
another, and so prevent any carriage leaving the rails.

page_text: When applying the Invention to first-class carriages we prefer to employ
four buffers to each buffer plank, two bell or other similar shape, and two
with rods or plungers, the plunger buffers being connected with springs under
the carriage as is well understood. For goods trucks both buffers may be
fixtures if desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINERY
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Edward Hall at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th October
1867.
I, CHARLES EDWARD HALL, of Meadow Lane, Leeds, in the County of
York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
In front and immediately above the cutter and finger bar I place a comb or
rake parallel with the said finger and cutter bar, and running the full length of
the cut; this comb has teeth projecting from it at any suitable pitch and length
as the case may require. Motion is communicated to it by means of gearing
or a pitch chain through a stud, having on one side a crank with a variable
centre to alter the stroke. From the said crank is a connecting rod capable of
adjustment lengthways, to one end of which is attached the comb securely
fastened by a square and socket, or any other suitable means. The two ends
of the said comb are carried in blocks sliding in guide bars or rods. By this
means the comb slides backwards and forwards and also obtains a lifting
motion as the ends of the comb follow the oscillations of the connecting rod,.
thus enabling it to pass before the knives into the laid and twisted crop and raise.
it above the cutter bar, and as the comb returns bringing the grain over the.
knives on to the delivery board. The back of the comb may be more or less.
cranked to give the points more dip. Thus it will be seen that in the forward.
motion of the fork it is depressed, whilst in its backward movement it is
raised. A sheet iron or other cover is then placed over the whole completely.

page_text: covering it in, and the points of the fork are allowed to pass through the plate
in front which has slots cut in it, thereby cleaning them of any accumulation
and preventing clogging.
The novelty of this Invention is the employment of a rake or comb, as
before described, placed either above or below the platform and working
before the knives, then passing on to or behind them, and it can be applied to
all back, side, swathe, or any other existing reaping and mowing machinery.
Its chief superiority over all others is that it can cut crops however twisted.
and laid, which could not now be cut by any existing machine. A reduction
of draft is also effected as the cutting is much more regular, light, and less
liable to clog the knives. The whole arrangement can be placed under the
platform and covered in.
NEW OR IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR OPENING AND CLOSING THE PASSAGE THROUGH CYLINDERS, APPLICABLE TO FIRE-ARMS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Box at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th February
1867. A communication from abroad by Francois Felix Challeton de
Breughat, of Corbeil, in the Empire of France, Engineer.
I, JOHN Box, of No. 40, Arundel Gardens, in the Parish of Kensington,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "NEW OR IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR OPENING
AND CLOSING THE PASSAGE THROUGH CYLINDERS, APPLICABLE TO FIRE-ARMS OF EVERY
DESCRIPTION," to be as follows:-
I employ a screw plug, the diameter of which is greater than double tho
diameter of the opening in the cylinder, tube, pipe, gun, or pistol barrel, or
cannon to be closed or opened, the centre of the screw plug being outside the
circumference of the opening in the cylinder, tube, pipe, gun, or pistol barrel,
or cannon to be closed or opened, so that a half or partial turn of the screw
plug closes or opens the passage through the cylinder, tube, pipe, gun, or
pistol barrel, or cannon. The screw plug having an orifice of the same size as
the passage to be closed or opened, and so disposed that a partial turn of the
screw plug will bring the orifice opposite the opening in the cylinder if it is
desired to open the passage through the cylinder or bring the solid part of
the screw plug opposite to the opening of the cylinder when it is desired to
close the opening of whatever shape the opening may be.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Shore at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th April
1867.
I, SAMUEL SHORE, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of improved whirls or twisters to be used instead of
the spindles and flyers at present in use. Each whirl or twister is formed of
a short body of wood or metal baving flanges similar to a bobbin, and at the
top or bottom a flange for working in bearings and a wharve or small pulley.
In each flange at the top and bottom of the body I make one or more holes,
and pass the sliver, roving, yarns, or threads to be spun or doubled through
one hole, then encircle it round the body and pass it through another hole at
the opposite end, from whence it passes between rollers to be wound on spools
or bobbins; or it may pass from the whirl or twister directly to the spool or
bobbin as in ordinary spinning. Each whirl or twister may be made without
the top and bottom flanges, having only the flange which works in bearings
and the wharve for drawing it, but in this case the holes at the top and bottom
would have to be made in an angular direction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR INDICATING THE SPEED OF LOCOMOTIVES AND RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Warner Jones at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st March
1867.
I, FREDERICK WARNER JONES, of Exeter, in the County of Devon, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR INDICATING THE SPEED OF LOCOMOTIVES AND RAILWAY
TRAINS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction and arrangement of machinery or
apparatus whereby the rate of speed at which a locomotive or railway train is
travelling may be indicated on a dial or index as a guide to the engine driver
or guard.
I propose to apply to the shaft or axle of the driving wheel of the engine or
of the carriage a tappet or excentric actuating a rod set in sliding bearings,
so that at each revolution of the wheels the rod shall be moved upwards and
brought back by a spring; the rod being provided with one or more teeth will
act upon a ratchet wheel set in bearings on a face plate, and thus cause it to
move round tooth by tooth during the revolution of the wheels of the engine
or train. The ratchet or toothed wheel gears into a small pinion, the shaft of
which carries a second large toothed wheel gearing in like manner with a
second pinion, whereby a multiplying power is obtained, thus causing the

page_text: second pinion shaft to rotate with corresponding rapidity; this shaft carries
four arms jointed or hinged together forming "governors," to, which weights
are attached; these weights acting on the arms draw them together or force
them apart according to the speed of the engine and train, and move a tube
or slide on the shaft, which tube or slide is connected by a cord or chain to
an iddex finger indicating the pressure on a dial, and thus shewing the rate
of speed which is calculated by the pressure on the dial.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND LOWERING HEAVY BODIES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Henry at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th July
1867, A communication from abroad by Louis Vernay and Payl
Lesourd, both of 33, Boulevart Saint Martin, Paris, France.
I, MICHAEL HENRY, of 68, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND LOWERING HEAVY BODIES," Communicated to me
from abroad by Louis Vernay and Paul Lesourd, both of 33, Boulevart Saint
Martin, Paris, France, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to apparatus for raising and lowering casks, sacks,
and other goods and heavy bodies. The apparatus may be a fixture or it may
be made transportable. The platform, carriage, cradle, or weight to be raised
or lowered travels on an inclined way or inclined side or portion of the frame-
work. The framework may be constructed in vertical section of the shape of
a right-angled triangle, whereof the hypothenuse forms the aforesaid inclined
way or side.
Tiron, TT, or double T iron, or angle iron may be used for or in the con-
struction of the apparatus or its framework.
A base plate or sole which rests on the ground or floor when the apparatus
is at work is raised therefrom when the apparatus is to be moved from place
to place. For this purpose the base plate or sole is attached to excentric discs
or plates in which the ends of the axle of the wheels are mounted excentrically
and which turn in plates or pieces forming portions of the framework, so that

page_text: by raising the axle the base plate or sole will be lifted off the ground by the
excentrics, dises, or plates which are held in position by catches or stops.
The arms or supports of the load to be raised may be used as handles or
shafts for draft purposes in moving the apparatus.
The support, platform, carriage, or weight is lifted by a crank handle
actuating a worm wheel, which drives a grooved pulley combined with a
toothed pinion which engage a lifting chain attached to the carriage, platform,
support, or load.
Other gearing may be used to transmit this motion. The carriage may
consist of two sides connected by stays and furnished with friction rollers.
The arms, supports, platform or carriage may work on an universal joint or
on an axis in a socket so as to be capable of turning in all directions in order
that the weight may be moved as required; they are held in position by a
locking pin or the like. When the weight is to be lowered the pulley and
its pinion are thrown out of gear with the crank handle or driving gear; this
may be done by a clutch fork and by sliding the arrangements sidewise
by a lever engaging in a socket; the platform, carriage, or weight descends
along the inclined way. By pressing on the lever in the socket a break
action will be exerted. A weighing machine may be combined with the
apparatus.
A NEW GREEN COLOUR
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
August 1867. A communication from abroad by Edward Wiederhold,
of Cassel, in the Kingdom of Prussia, Chemist.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the "International Patent Office," No. 8,
Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Con-
sulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW GREEN COLOUR," a communication, to be as follows:-
The said colour, consists principally of linseed oil, acid and oxide of copper.
It is produced by precipitating a neutral soap prepared from linseed oil with
a dilute solution of copper, or in letting linseed acid act on oxide of copper or a
combination consisting partly of oxide of copper. Oleic acids produced from
other oils also furnish the said colour in divers shades. In this manner the
colour is obtained in the form of a paste, which can be used without further pre-
paration for coloring or printing stuffs, or for painting and other like purposes.
By thinning this paste with oil of turpentine, benzine, or other solutions, the
colour can be brought to any desired consistence. The said colour can be
mixed with lac and other colours and varnishes. This improved colour dries in
a consistent mass, which can be ground to a powder of a bright green tint,
and which can be used with any other pulverized colour. The principal

page_text: advantages of this new colour are, its brilliancy, total freedom from arsenic
and other substances detrimental to health, its cheapness and its easy and safe
production; it also obviates the necessity for the application of albumen in
the printing of stuffs.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCISSORS OR SHEARS
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Benjamin Snow, junior, of the State of Massachusetts,
of the United States of America, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SCISSORS OR SHEARS."-A communication by Perez Christopher Clapp,
residing at Boston, in the County of Suffolk, and State aforesaid."
Sealed the 14th May 1867, and dated the 7th March 1867.
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Declaration,
on the 7th March 1867, pursuant to the 9th Section of the Patent Law
Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL PERSONS TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME,
BE IT KNOWN, that I, BENJAMIN SNOW, junior, of the State of Massa-
chusetts, of the United States of America, am in possession of a new and
useful Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SCISSORS OR SHEARS," such Invention
having been a communication to me by Perez Christopher Clapp, a person
resident at Boston, in the County of Suffolk, and State aforesaid; and I
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and the manner in which
it is to be performed, to be fully described in the following Specification, and
represented in the accompanying Drawings, of which Figures 1 and 2 are side
views of a pair of my improved scissors in a closed state; Figure 3 represents
them as open.
The nature of my Invention consists in a pair of scissors provided not only
with handles and blades in the ordinary way, but with an extra or auxiliary

page_text: pair of short blades projecting from the handles, and at or near their junction
with the main blades, the purpose of such short or auxiliary blades being to
enable a person to cut a wire or a piece of metal, whalebone, or other material
which he may not wish to cut with the main blades on account of dulling or
injuring their cutting edges. Scissors so made will be found very convenient
for mantua makers, milliners, tailors, or various other tradesmen or persons.
In the Drawings, a and b are the main blades, c and d are the handles, and g
their fulcrum; the shorter or auxiliary blades are represented at e and f, one
being extended from the handle c and the other from the handle d near their
fulcrum, and at or about at right angles with the main blades; these blades
or cutters may be arranged below the fulcrum and on the inner sides of the
handles, but I prefer they should be disposed as represented in the Drawings.
The mode of using them will be apparent to any one skilled in the use of
scissors.
I claim the scissors as made with the auxiliary blades e, f, arranged and
combined with the main blades a, b, and their handles c, d, substantially as
specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Benjamin Snow, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this 13th day of February 1867.
BENJAMIN SNOW, JUNIOR. (L.B.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Eastwood at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th May
1867.
I, CHARLES EASTWOOD, of Ravensthorpe, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the "letting-off motion" in looms for weaving," or
to the self-acting means or apparatus employed for supplying warp from the
warp beam in regular order or suitable quantity as it is taken up in or by the
process of weaving. Heretofore in connection with or forming part of this
apparatus is a brake wheel or pulley having a leather strap passing around,
one end being fixed to the loom frame, and to the other is attached a weight
to apply a certain uniform pressure or frictional holding or retarding effect on
the warp beam. In practice, however, this mode of holding or retarding the
warp or the tension thereon is found to be not uniform but variable; as, for
instance, when the pulley becomes more smooth or the strap becomes greasy
by use or by the accidental or intentional application of oil or grease thereto
the friction becomes less, consequently the the apparatus will let off warp more
freely than it ought to do. To remedy this I apply a star wheel or notch
plate (instead of the brake pulley) with a spring catch or stop to enter the
notches in succession, and hold therein until forced out by excess of tension

page_text: on the warp. The number of notches in this plate or wheel correspond to the
number of teeth in the ordinary catch wheel employed in this apparatus. By
this Invention I am enabled to obtain uniform tension on the warp and render
such apparatus less liable to be tampered with by the attendants than
heretofore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR PULVERIZING SUBSTANCES, MORE PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO THE PUL- VERIZATION OF MATERIALS FOR PORCELAIN PASTE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
April 1867. A communication from abroad by Carl Fredrik Tjulander,
Lieutenant, and Johan Robert Alsing, Proprietor of Mines, both of
Stockholm, in the Kingdom of Sweden.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS
FOR PULVERIZING SUBSTANCES, MORE PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO THE PUL-
VERIZATION OF MATERIALS FOR PORCELAIN PASTE," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object to simplify the process of pulverization
such as has heretofore been employed for the reduction of materials for
porcelain paste and other similar substances; it consists in placing such sub-
stances in small fragments in a cylinder or drum, by preference of strong
porcelain, to such an extent as to fill about one-fourth of its capacity, and in
then introducing porcelain or glass balls to the extent of another fourth part
of the capacity of the cylinder, this latter is then made to revolve at a speed
of about 30 to 35 revolutions a minute during from 4 to 5 hours. The sub-
stances will by this means have been reduced to a very fine pure powder,
which may then at once be employed without further preparation. The drum
is provided with one or more openings in its circumference, having sliding
covers, through which the materials and balls are introduced. When the

page_text: former have been reduced to a powder of the requisite fineness the covers are
removed, and replaced by gratings with apertures sufficiently small to prevent
the balls from passing through, the drum is then caused to revolve again,
whereby the pulverized materials will be made to pass out through the gratings
into a receptable below.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING OR PURIFYING SEWAGE, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Parry and John Frearson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 1st March 1867.
We, WILLIAM PARRY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Mineral
Surveyor, and JOHN FREARSON, of Birmingham, aforesaid, Mechanical Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TREATING OR PURIFYING SEWAGE, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED FOR THAT
PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
Our improvements in treating or purifying sewage consist in mixing there-
with, as herein-after described, clay, clay iron ore, or manganesic earths,
whereby the suspended and dissolved organic and inorganic matters contained
therein are precipitated, and the water of the sewage is rendered clear and
inodorous, or nearly so. We mix the clay, or clay iron ore, or manganesic earth
with water to the consistence of cream or liquid mud, and add the mixture to
the sewage to be treated. The said mixture and the sewage is intimately
mixed in any convenient manner, and afterwards allowed to stand at rest for
a time. The solid matter of the clay, or clay iron ore, or manganesic earth
combines with the principal part of the organic and inorganic matters of the
sewage, and gradually subsiding leaves the supernatant water free or nearly
free from the said organic and inorganic matters. The water may be drawn
off from the sediment by the use of the apparatus constituting the second part
of our Invention, or in any other convenient manner, and may be poured into
a stream without injury thereto. The solid matter constitutes a valuable
monuSO

page_text: The apparatus to be used in treating sewage, and which constitutes the
second part of our Invention, is constructed as follows:-In the tank or
reservoir in which the sewage is treated, or in which after mixture with the
clay, clay iron ore, or manganesic earth it is allowed to rest for the subsiding
of the solid matter, we fix a flexible or a jointed pipe. The said pipe opens
at bottom into a conduit below the bottom of the tank or reservoir, and its
top is supported by a float or buoy which keeps it at the top of the liquid.
As the liquid rises and falls the top of the pipe rises and falls with it. The
said pipe is furnished with valves at top and bottom, by opening which the
liquid can be run off, and by closing which the liquid is retained in the tank or
reservoir; a floating scum board or guard for keeping corks and floating bodies
from the pipe surrounds the top of the pipe. In using this apparatus the
valves are closed during the filling of the tank or reservoir, and during the
subsiding of the solid matter. When the water of the sewage has become
sufficiently clear the valves are opened and it is drawn off.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PORTABLE LAMPS OR ILLUMINATORS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Crossley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd May 1867.
I, THOMAS CROSSLEY, of Bridgeport, Connecticut, in the United States of
America, but at present residing at Trafalgar Square, in the City of West-
minster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PORTABLE LAMPS OR ILLUMINATORS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the adaptation to a walking stick, umbrella
stick, whip handle, or other analogous article of a lamp suitable to burn either
oil or candles, so that the owner can at any time procure a light, by which he
may read or illuminate any object at night.
In carrying out the Invention the upper part of the stick or handle is made
hollow so as to receive the lamp or candle. The lamp consists merely of a
long tube or wick holder provided at its upper end with a nozzle through
which the wick protrudes, and a tapped or screwed shoulder whereby it is
screwed into the open end of the tubular stick which forms the oil chamber
or reservoir. When the lamp is not in use the nozzle and wick are covered
up by the handle or top part of the stick, which is screwed on to the other
part, and if required may be made hollow so as to contain matches. A lamp

page_text: to burn candles is constructed with a helical spring and nozzle just like an
ordinary gig lamp, and may also be covered up when not in use by a re-
movable handle or knob. For the purpose of protecting the flame of the
lamp from draughts or currents of air a portable glass shade may be screwed
on to the top of the cane or stick.
A NEW OR IMPROVED COMBINED HARMONIUM AND PIANO
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edmond Castex at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th November
1867. A communication from abroad by Messrs. Louis Dorgal and Jules
Guesné, 26 & 40, Rue du Faubourg du Temple, Paris.
I, JOHN EDMOND CASTEX, 1, College Place, Camden Town, N.W., do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
COMBINED HARMONIUM AND PIANO," to be as follows:-
The harmonium piano is neither a piano nor an harmonium, but these two
instruments combined in one alone, having the qualities requisite in both
under a sole shape, which is the shape of the cottage piano (piano droit),
which I have adopted without any change, as being more graceful and elegant
than the harmonium. The problem to be resolved, and which I have resolved,
was to reunite these two instruments without alteration the one or the other,
but on the contrary to make them entirely the one from the other, so that
though being only one, there might be two instruments distincts, harmonium
and piano.
To obtain this result I have reunited these two instruments in a same
case, and submitted their action to a sole keyboard. By means of stops I
have given to the performer the facility to play the one or the other, or both
together, either upon all the extent of the keyboard or upon the part of the
singing, or also upon the one of the accompaniment.
The above explanation of my mecanism show directly to the performer all
the resources offered by the harmonium piano. The mecanism of the bellows

page_text: is so easy that young persons can use it without the least fatigue. By means
of a wire cloth put in front of the mecanics of the harmonium piano this last
is so bermetically close as to prevent the admission of any insects.
Although the ordinary harmonium has only five octaves, whilst the piano
has generally seven octaves, I have given to my harmonium six octaves, from
F (Fa) to F, all in preserving to the piano seven octaves, so that all music
generally written for six octaves may be played on the two instruments
without a preparatory study. The number of rows of vibrators is of one and
a half, or two and a half, or even more, so that I have really two complete
instruments. Reference to the Drawing annexed hereto and forming part
of this my Provisional Specification will shew the operation of the combined
instrument.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN WEARING APPAREL
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ralph Slazenger Moss at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd May
1867.
I, RALPH SLAZENGER Moss, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WEARING APPAREL," to be as follows:-
My Invention is designed for the purpose of preventing the bottom edges or
extremities of the legs of trousers getting underneath the heel of the boots or
shoes of the wearer when walking, and the improvements consist in fixing to
the inside of the trousers' legs at that portion coming into contact with the
boot heels a small ring, button, or other similar substitute to which is attached
a small adjustable cord, the upper end of which is supplied with a hook or
other fastening by which the said cord may be attached or fixed to a clip, hook,
or other fastening or catch attached to the back portion of the boot, or the cord
might be attached to the boot in any suitable and convenient manner, by
which arrangement the length of cord not being allowed to extend from its
attachment to the boot so far as the under side of the boot heel retains the edge
of the trousers in proper position and prevents any portion being trodden upon
by the heel of the wearer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WARMING, VENTILATING, AND HEATING APPARATUS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Wontner Smith and Tony
Petitjean at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 8th November 1867.
We, JOSEPH WONTNER SMITH, of 20, Tenter Street, Engineer, and TONY
PETITJEAN, of 26, John Street West, Chemist, both in the County of Middle-
sex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WARMING, VENTILATING, AND HEATING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
We first establish in the basement or any other convenient place a room or
chamber having a communication with the external air, and we then erect
above the room or chamber a brick furnace or iron stove with a wrought
or cast iron boiler, which is kept filled with fuel and fed through openings
in the top or on the side. We call this portion of our apparatus a "gas
heating producer; " it supplies every part of the building with gas fuel, which
is conveyed through brick flues, earthenware or metal pipes. The boiler is
double jacketted to hold water when required. The amount of heat developed
during the formation of the gaseous fuel is much more than is necessary for
its production, and it follows that all the excess of heat may be applied to
decompose a corresponding weight of water and to rearrange it as hydrogen
and carbonic oxide, which gives a greater heating power to the gaseous fuel.
In our process a great saving of fuel is effected; smoke is done away with
and cleanliness insured by the absence of dust from ashes and soot. The

page_text: water surrounding the sides of the gas producer, besides being used for all
domestic as well as manufacturing purposes, is also available for establishing a
circulation of hot water through pipes to any part of the building where open
fires are not desired. Our open fires are made to effect the perfect combustion
of the gaseous fuel by means of a peculiar arrangement of several ranges or
rows of gas jets on the "Bunsen burner" principle. The fire-grates are
filled with pieces of fire-brick, pumicestone, or any incombustible material,
and the mingling in proper proportion of air and gas fuel in burning through
these pieces of bricks or stones makes them red hot, and produces flame
which gives the cheerful look so much appreciated. A very good ventilation
can be obtained by a current of hot air established in the underground room
where the gas producer is placed, and the warm air may be made to circulate
to any part desired. The waste heat of the open grate or fire-place may be
made use of to complete the system of ventilation by causing a rapid evacuation
of the impure air.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN PRODUCING SCENIC ILLUSIONS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Pepper and Thomas
William Tobin at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 12th December 1867.
We, JOHN HENRY PEPPER, of No. 61, Boundary Road, St. John's Wood,
Professor of Chemistry, and THOMAS WILLIAM TOBIN, of No. 8, Old Jewry,
in the City of London, Architect, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN PRODUCING SCENIC ILLUSIONS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus used in
producing scenic illusions, and consists in means of invisibly supporting sub-
stantial bodies either animate or inanimate, and of moving them as may be
required whilst so maintained without visible support. We erect two uprights
which, if the stage be small, may be on either side of it, and so hidden from
view; or if the stage be large we erect them on the stage and conceal them
with scenery or suitably disguise them; between these uprights a sheet of
glass is mounted on edge or girderwise. The glass is so clear and thin as to
be unseen at a little distance, but in the position in which it is placed it is
capable of supporting a great weight, and on it the person or thing to be
exhibited is sustained. The glass girder is connected at the ends with cords
or rods, by means of which it may receive movement up or down the uprights
which serve as guides for it. Or in place of these arrangements we some-
times employ upright guides underneath the stage, and slide up the strong
and clear sheet of glass through a slit in the flooring, so that it may, acting

page_text: as a column, raise and support any person or thing that may be standing over
the slit at the time the invisible column is protruded. The uprights may
advantageously bo framed together and mounted on wheels, so that they
may be employed to carry the column and any body it may support laterally
to the one sido or the other; or the supporting sheet may be mounted in a
frame capable of being raised and lowered by ropes or rods, and of being
moved laterally on guide rails over the top of the scene and so hidden from
view. In this case the person or thing exhibited is attached to or receives
support from the lower end of the sheet, and so is held suspended by
invisible apparatus over the stage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF SECURING HANDLES AND SCALES TO EVERY DESCRIPTION OF CUTLERY
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Drabble at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th October
1867.
I, JAMES DRABBLE, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Table Knife
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF SECURING HANDLES AND SCALES TO EVERY
DESCRIPTION OF CUTLERY," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the method of securing
bandles and scales to all descriptions of cutlery in such manner that the
blade or fork shall be so firmly fixed in the handle or scale as to prevent any
possibility of the two parts breaking asunder or becoming loose by ordinary
wear.
The Invention removes a great objection to the old system of securing the
handles or scales to cutlery, which has been chiefly done by the application of
rosin, cements, pins, and rivets. The bandle is to be bored or pierced ver-
tically to receive the tang, but the size and depth of the bore must be greater
than the tang, and a hole must be pierced on the upper and lower surface of
the handle (or on each side communicating with the bore in which the tang
is to be set. The handle is bevelled off or cut out with a tool at that part
where the bolster is to be formed, and the tang is perforated with one or
more holes. The handle being fixed in a vertical position the blade and tang
are placed in position, and a mould is placed round the upper part of the
bandle, leaving spaces at the upper portion where the handle is bevelled off

page_text: or cut away; the openings at the side or top and bottom of the knife are
then to be stopped by placing paper or other porous substance against them,
which will yet permit of the escape of air; then the soft metal is to be
poured from a ladle down one side of the vertical hole in the handle, the
metal will fall to the bottom and eject the air from the cross holes, filling
them up, and return afterwards surrounding the tang and filling the hole or
holes therein, and rising fills up every cavity, until it becomes flush with the
upper line of bolster mould. Thus the metal fills up the spaces and cannot
turn by reason of its entering the cross holes, neither can the tang turn in the
metal as the hole or holes in the tang are filled with the metal, and the whole
is held firmly and cannot move or be pulled out, neither can the blade or fork
be loosened by a side pressure. I can secure by the same means "pind" or
scale tang cutlery. The soft metal consists of lead, block tin, zinc, or
spelter, either singly or mixed together at as low a heat as it or they will run
freely.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEALDS OR HEDDLES USED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Whittaker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd August
1867.
I, DAVID WHITTAKER, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEALDS OR
HEDDLES USED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to those descriptions of healds or heddles in which
metal wires having eyes are substituted for the ordinary heald cords and eyes.
Hitherto each eye has been formed by punching a hole in the wire, or by
leaving a space when two thin wires are twisted together, thereby making the
eye perfectly rigid with the entire length of the wire between the heald staves,
which rigidity has been found in practice to be a great inconvenience.
This Invention consists in attaching loose eyes to metal wires, and in the
modes of bending or shaping the wires so that this object can be attained.
In one mode I form two loops at the ends of two pieces of wire, and link
two eyes to the loops.
In another mode I take two pieces of wire for each eye, and form in each- -
wire a loop in the middle. The wires are bent nearly together and brought
over the heald staves, and the ends soldered or otherwise-connected together,
and to the two loops of the two wires I link an eye, and sc on for as many

page_text: wires and eyes as the heald requires; or instead of bringing the wires over'
the heald. staves and fastening them thereto I attach heald yarns or cords
to the said wires and fasten the said cords to. the staves, thus increasing
the tension.