AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN FABRIO
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Ward, of Warrington, in the County of
Chester, Spinner and Manufacturer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN FABRIO,"
Sealed the 27th February 1857, aud dated the 8th October 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Ward at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th October 1856.
I, WILLIAM WARD, of Warrington, in the County of Chester, Spinne!
and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN FABRIC," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce a fabric with rough or uneven
surfaces. This fabric may be used for towels or other purposes. In order
to obtain the uneven surfaces on the fabric I prepare the weft in the following
manner: Three yarns, two of which are twisted in the ordinary manner
and the third spun harder, but with twist in the contrary, direction, are
twisted together in such wise that previous to winding the combined yarns
on the bobbin the hard twisted yarn shall be slack while the other two are
distended, by which means the hard twisted yarn forms snarls when uniting
with the others. The prepared yarn is then woven with a warp of the usual
description, and the snarls projecting from the weft produce the uneven.
surfaces required. I wish to remark, that the above described mode of pro-
[Price 8d.]

page_text: ducing yarn with snarls projecting therefrom may be greatly modified; the
yarns so produced may be used as warp and woven in combination with
plain weft, or both warp and weft may be prepared as described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Ward in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 6th April 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
WARD, of Warrington, in the County of Chester, Spinner and Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Ward, Her special license that I, the said William Ward, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Ward, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF
WOVEN FABRIC," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William
Ward, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Ward, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say): -
The nature of my said Invention consists in manufacturing woven fabrics
with rough or uneven surfaces, produced by snarls projecting from the weft
or warp, or both weft and warp, this improved fabric being particularly
applicable for making towels.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood, and readily

page_text: carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me,
reference being had to the accompanying Drawing and to the letters and
figures marked thereon.
Fig. 1 is a section of a machine for preparing the yarus or threads with
the snarls required for producing the rough or uneven surface on the fabric.
Fig. 2 is a plan of part of the machine shewn in Fig. 1. a is a creel
containing the bobbins b, b, and c; the yarns on the bobbins b, b, are spun
and twisted in the ordinary manner, but the yarn on the bobbins c is spun
harder than usual, that is to say, a greater number of twists is given in a
certain length, and this twist is given in the contrary direction to that of the.
yarn on the bobbins b, b. The yarns from the bobbius b, b, pass through
the eyes d, and they are drawn off the bobbins by the rollers e and f; between
which they are pressed. The yarn from the bobbin c passes through the
eye g, and then between the rollers e and f, the latter of which has a groove
to allow the yarn to pass without being compressed between the two rollers.
This yarn is drawn off the bobbin c at about twice the speed of the other
yarns by means of the rollers and i, the latter of which has two grooves to
allow the yarns from the bobbins 6 to pass between the said rollers h and i
without being compressed. The yarns are guided from the rollers e and f
by the guide pieces ; to the rollers and i, after which they are carried
forward to the flyers and wound on the bobbins 1. The flyers / are fixed
to the spindles m, to which a rapid rotary motion is given, as in doubling
frames of the usual construction. The spindles m revolve in the stationary
foot step rail n and in the copping rail o, to which the usual up and down
motion is given for distributing the yarn evenly on the bobbins l. From the
foregoing description it will be seen that the centre or hard twisted yarn is
drawn forward by the rollers h and i at about twice the speed of the other
two yarns which are drawn forward by the rollers e and f, consequently the
hard twisted yarn has sufficient extra length to form the snarls which project
from the three yarns when united or twisted together by the action of the
flyer. The prepared weft yarn thus produced is then woven with a warp
of the usual description, and the snarls projecting from the weft produce
the uneven surfaces required on the fabric.
I wish to remark that the above described mode of producing yarn with
snarls projecting therefrom may be greatly modified, and the snarls produced
may be made longer or shorter as required, by varying the relative velocities
of the yarns to be combined together; in some cases also the prepared yarn
may be made into the warp and woven with a plain weft, or both warp and
weft may be prepared with snarls as described.

page_text: Having thus particularly described the nature of my Invention, and the
manner of performing the same, I declare that I claim as of my Invention,
the improved manufacture of woven fabric described, in which the required
rough or uneven surfaces are produced by snarls projecting from the yarn
of which the fabric is woven.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Ward, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Second day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
H. B. BARLOW,
Manchester.
VILLIAM WARD. (L.S.