A Method of Protecting Iron, Steel, or other Metal from Oxidation during Heating.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 8th June, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 8th Mar., 1895-Accepted, 13th Apr., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION,
A Method of Protecting Iron, Steel, or other Metal from Oxidation
during Heating.
I, FREDERICK SIEMENS, of No. 10 Queen Anne's Gate, Westminster, in the
County of London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
My invention relates to means of protecting iron steel or other metal from
oxidation during heating. For this purpose I cover the pieces or articles that are
to be heated with a thin paste or mud consisting of substances which have no
injurious effect on the metal, and which form a protective coating such as may
remain entire at moderate temperatures and at high temperatures may form a
fusible slag.
In preparing the protective paste or mud, I employ clay, preferably fire clay,
compounded with calcareous materials such as chalk, marl, dolomite or spar, or
with ores, oxides or carbonates of iron or manganese, or with silicious materials;
alkalies, alkaline carbonates or silicates, alkaline earths or slags, or with mixtures
of these substances. Such of the above substances are selected as may form a
slag at the temperatures to which the metal has to be heated.
I reduce the materials to a fine state of division and mix them with water to
form the thin paste or mud, and with this I coat the pieces or articles either by
dipping them into the paste or by applying the paste to them by a brush or other-
Wise. When the pieces or articles are highly heated, the coating which may
become fused as a slag serves to protect the inetal against oxidation and does not
affect the quality of the metal when it is forged, rolled or otherwise wrought.
Dated this 8th day of June 1894.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A Method of Protecting Iron, Steel, or other Metal from Oxidation
during Heating.
I, FREDERICK SIEMENS, of No. 10 Queen Anne's Gate, Westminster, in
the County of London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to means of protecting iron, steel or other metal from
oxidation during heating.
For this
I
purpose cover the pieces or articles that are to be heated with a paste
or mud consisting of substances which have no injurious effect on the metal, and
which form a protective coating such as may remain entire at moderate temperatures
and at high temperatures may form a fusible slag.
In preparing the protective paste or mud, I employ clay, preferably fire clay,
compounded with calcareous materials such as chalk, marl, dolomite or spar, or
DQ11

page_text: with ores, oxides or carbonates of iron or manganese, or with silicious materials;
alkalies, alkaline carbonates or silicates, alkaline earths or slags, or with mixtures
of these substances.
Such of the above substances are selected as may form a slag at the temperatures
to which the metal has to be heated.
I reduce the materials to a fine state of division and mix them with water to
form the paste or mud, and with this I coat the pieces or articles either by dipping
them into the paste or by applying the paste to them by a brush or otherwise.
When the pieces or articles are highly heated the coating which may become fused
as a slag serves to protect the metal against oxidation and does not affect the
quality of the metal when it is forged, rolled or otherwise wrought.
For protecting iron or steel at welding heat the following mixtures are found
suitable.
Fire clay
Purple ore
Water
-
52 to 57 per cent.
-
13
8
"
"
"
-
35
"
35
"
19
For lower heats the mixture should be of a more fusible character, including a
proportion of silicate as for instance
Dry clay about 90 per cent.
Dry silicate of soda about 10 per cent. with sufficient water to form a
thick cream.
Among the substances which may be applied according to my invention
recourse will generally be had to those that are readily accessible, such as clays,
chalk, lime, iron oxides. Many other minerals may however be employed,
especially such as contain clay, lime or iron oxide as ingredients of their
composition.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
The herein described method of protecting iron steel or other metal during
heating by covering its surface with a paste or mud consisting of ingredients of
the kinds herein set forth.
Dated this 22nd day of Wahwan 100%
For lower heats the mixture should be of a more fusible character, including a
proportion of silicate as for instance
Dry clay about 90 per cent.
Dry silicate of soda about 10 per cent. with sufficient water to form a
thick cream.
Among the substances which may be applied according to my invention
recourse will generally be had to those that are readily accessible, such as clays,
chalk, lime, iron oxides. Many other minerals may however be employed,
especially such as contain clay, lime or iron oxide as ingredients of their
composition.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
The herein described method of protecting iron steel or other metal during
heating by covering its surface with a paste or mud consisting of ingredients of
the kinds herein set forth.
Dated this 23rd day of Wahwa 100%
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.