IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHEEP SHEARS."
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Turner, of Sheffield, in the County of
York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
SHEEP SHEARS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Turner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th May 1873.
THE
I, JOSEPH TURNER, of Sheffield, in the County of York, do hereby:
declare the nature of my said Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN
Manufacture of SHEEP SHEARS," to be as follows :—
This Invention consists in making the shear in three separate parts,
namely, the two blades and the shank and bow. The blades may be
made of steel of the best quality, and the shanks and bow of cheaper
quality steel, or the blades may be made of iron and steel and the
bow and shanks of iron (as they are usually made). The shanks are
then bent over and the blades inserted and fastened thereto by rivets or.

page_text: screws or any other suitable means. The blanks of the blades may be
either forged or cut out of sheet steel; the bows may be made in the
same manner.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Joseph Turner in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 5th November 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPHI
TURNER, of Sheffield, in the County of York, send greeting.
.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
36th year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Joseph Turner, Her special license
that I, the said Joseph Turner, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph Turner, my executors,
administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF SHEEP SHEARS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Joseph Turner, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Turner, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :—
My said Invention consists in making sheep shears in three separate
parts, namely, the two blades and the shank and bow. The blades may

page_text: be made of steel of the best quality, and the shanks and bow of cheaper
quality steel, or the blades may be made of iron and steel and the bow
and shanks of iron (as they are usually made). The shanks are then
bent over and the blades inserted and fastened thereto by rivets or
screws or any other suitable means. The blanks of the blades may be
either forged or cut out of sheet steel; the bows may be made in the
same manner.
In carrying out this Invention in the manufacture of sheep shears,
the shanks and bow are made from one picce or strip of sheet iron or
steel cut to the desired length and width by any ordinary means.
Two picces are then cut out of each side, as shown at a, b, in
Figure 1, to facilitate the bending of the knee or that part where the
shank and bow meet, and as a preventative against the material cracking
at the bend during the following operation.
The blank or strip is then heated and placed between a pair of dics
(or formers) operated by suitable machinery, and either one or both
ends c, c, are bent and hollowed to the shape of the shanks, and the
bow d is partly formed at the knees by the same operation, the picco
assuming the form shewn in Figure 2. While it is yet warm the bow
may be completely bent to the required shape, but I do not bind myself
to this as they may be bent after the blades are attached as is usual in
the trade.
The ends of the shanks are then closed to the width required to tako
the blades as shewn at e, in Figure 3, and when they are intended to
be secured by means of rivets the holes are then punched or drilled for
that purpose.
In making the blades of sheep shears I roll or forge a bar of steel or
iron faced on one side with steel to a cross section, as shewn in either
Figure 4 or 5, and of sufficient breadth to allow of two blades or
blanks ff, being cut out of it, as shewn in Figure 6. Each blade or
blank I punch out at one operation, and so that the
formed of the thickest part of the steel.
backs may be
They are then shaped by beds and punches or dies first, as shewn in
Figure 7, secondly as in Figure 8, and afterwards drilled or punched
for the rivets or screws. The blades may then be finished and ground
and polished in the ordinary manner before they are attached to the

page_text: shanks, or they may be first attached to the shanks and then be finished
which is the usual plan adopted in the trade.
The blades may be fastened to the shanks by either rivets, screws, or
soldering or brazing, security of fastening being obtained by the peculiar
construction of that part of the blade that fits into the shank, the
shoulder A and the stop B thereof (see Figures 7 and 8), locking as it
were the blade into the shank.
.
Figure 9 represents a completed shear constructed according to my
said Invention.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to
be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to mo
by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the method of
making sheep and other like shears by forming the blades separate from 1
the shanks and bow, and securing such blades to their shanks, substan-
tially in the manner herein-before described and illustrated by the
Drawings annexed.
'
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Turner, have to this my
Specification set my hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of a
October One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
TOSEDI TUDNED