Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Dec., 1886.
Specification Accepted, 28th Jan., 1887.
I JACOB JUCKER of 60 Peter Street Manchester in the County of Lancaster,
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :—
My invention relates to looms for weaving and consists in the use or employment of
two shuttle boxes on each side of the slay or lathe with two shuttles picked alternately
by two picking motions arranged on each side of the loom combined with a moveable
shuttle race and moveable breast and warp beams raised and lowered alternately after
each pick, and an improved reed motion or arrangement for stopping the loom when
either of the shuttles misses its box.
On the drawings appended hereunto figure 1 on sheet 1 shows a front view of the
loom with the arrangement of the two picking motions.
Figures 2 sheet 2 a section parallel to the front showing more particularly the
motion for actuating the shuttle race and the reed motion.
Figure 3 sheet 3 a side view and
Figure 4 a cross section of the loom.
Figure 5 sheet 4 a plan and figure 6 a side view of the reed or stop motion on an
enlarged scale.
Only such parts of the loom are shewn as are required to elucidate the nature of my
invention, all others, such as the letting-off, taking-up and shedding motions, being
omitted. Similar letters of reference denote similar parts in the different figures.
In carrying out my invention I arrange two fixed shuttle boxes a, a and b, bon
each end of the slay or lathe one above the other and two picker motions on each side
one of which is preferably an under pick motion for the lower shuttle and the other an
over or middle pick motion for the upper box. These picker motions may be of any
suitable ordinary or known kind. As shown, the pinion d figure 3 on the crank
shaft c drives the wheel e on the tappet shaft f so that the latter makes one revolution
to four revolutions of the crank shaft. The tappet shaft carries at each side of the
loom a picking tappet or nose " figure 3 acting on the picking lever fixed on the
picking spindle and thereby actuates the picker stick in the same manner as in
ordinary over pick looms. A lever g with bowl g' is also 'fixed at each side of the

page_text: loom upon the tappet shaft facting upon the curved incline on the picking lever g³,
figure 3, which actuates the picker stick in a similar manner as in ordinary under
pick looms. The tappets and levers are so fixed on the shaft as to pick the shuttles in
the order hereinafter described.
On the slay bottom I arrange a moveable shuttle race h, figures 2 and 4, carried by
two sliding rods which are guided at their upper ends by bushes ²² let into
the slay bottom and are connected at their lower ends to open frames sliding in
brackets fixed to the rocking rail, to which the slay swords are fixed.
This shuttle race is after each pick alternately raised to the position indicated in
dotted lines on figure 4 and lowered to the position shewn in full lines. The mechanism
for effecting this may be arranged in any suitable manner. As shewn, a shaft / is
arranged to run in pedestals fixed upon the cross rails of the loom. This
shaft is driven from the tappet shaft by bevil wheels through a slanting shaft or by
any other kind of gearing suitable to the general arrangement of the loom to which
my improvements are applied. The shaft carries at each end a tappet acting on a
bowl which turns on a stud fixed into the sliding frame. The tappet is formed,
as shewn, with two circular surfaces connected by inclines, these surfaces corresponding
to the two positions the moveable shuttle race has to occupy while the upper or lower
shuttle is shot across the slay. As the shaft turns round, the leading inclines of the
tappets press upon the bowls and depress them, thereby bringing the shuttle race
into the lower position shewn in full lines and expanding the springs which are
fastened at one end to the slay bottom and at the other end to the frames *. These
springs are omitted on figure 2 in order to show the rods h h in front of which the
springs are placed. The circular parts of larger radius on the tappets hold the race in
its lower position while the lower shuttle is shot across the slay and the latter beats up;
after which the bowl comes upon the following inclines of the tappet and the circular
parts of smaller radius, when the springs 4 pull the sliding frames and rods Wh
upwards and bring the shuttle race into its higher position shewn in dotted lines on
figure 4, in which it remains while the upper shuttle is picked. With a single throw
tappet, as shewn, the shaft i is rotated by the gearing so as to make two revolutions
to one of the tappet shaft for one revolution for every two beats of the slay.
The frames are made open, as shewn, for the shaft i to pass through and for
allowing the slay to beat backward and forward without hindrance, the bowls running
on the surfaces of the tappets during this movement of the slay, swords and
attachments. The rods are screwed at the ends and fitted with nuts and lock
nuts to adjust their length in the frames **.
Instead of single throw tappets as described, double throw tappets may obviously be
used, in which case the shaft is driven so as to make the same number of turns as the
tappet shaft. In come cases where the other arrangements of the loom make it
impracticable to arrange the shafts and gearing inside the loom as shewn, the shuttle
race may be raised and lowered by two double throw tappets on the tappet shaft f
actuating levers oscillating on studs attached to the loom sides, against the other ends
of which levers, bowls attached to the sliding frames or rods are resting
under spring pressure.
After each pick the warp has to be raised and lowered alternately and the shed
formed at different heights for the lower or the upper shuttle to pass through. For
the purpose of raising or lowering the warp, the breastbeam and back beaim of the
loom are raised or lowered. This may be effected by raising and lowering sliding
pieces carrying these beams by similar mechanism as hereinbefore described for raising
and lowering the shuttle race, but is preferably done by oscillating them on suitably
placed centres. The latter arrangement is shewn on the drawings on figure 4. The
back beam is supported at each end in a fork of a three-armed lever k' mounted upon
a stud fixed to the loom side. A second arm of each lever k¹ is connected by the
rod to a lever & having its fulcrum on a pin in a braket attached to the frame
side or the cross-rail. A double throw grooved tappet or cam is keyed on each side
upon the tappet shaft and bowls on studs fixed in the levers
so that during each revolution of the tappet shaft the levers
&
run in the grooves,
are twice raised and

page_text: lowered, and the levers and backbeam k twice moved from the position shewn in
full lines to that indicated by dotted lines and back again. The breast beam lis
formed with lugs at each end, figures 1 and 4, having pivots working in
corresponding lugs formed or fixed on the loom sides. Two levers are attached
to or cast on the breast-beam and connected by rods to the third arms of the
levers ¹k. As the kitter are actuated through the mechanism herein before described,
they move the breast-beam simultaneously from the position shewn in full lines to that
indicated by dotted lines and back again. The tappets or cams have circular
parts, two of larger and two of smaller diameter so as to keep the two beams in their
higher or lower position during the time the shuttle traverses the shed and the slay
beats up.
The shedding or shaft motion, which may be of any ordinary or known suitable
kind, is so arranged that the shed is formed alternately at the lower level for the lower
shuttle, as shewn on figures 3 and 4 in full lines, and at the higher level for the upper
shuttle, as indicated in dotted lines.
When weaving plain taffeta weave with two shafts, as shewn, the eyes or mails of
the healds will be in the positions 1 and 2 figure 4 while the lower shuttle is picked.
For the next pick the healds of the front shaft have to be raised to position 3, while
those of the back shaft are dropped to position 4.
One shaft thus will be moved
alternately from 1 to 3 and back again, while the other will be moved from 2 to 4 and
back again. This may be effected by giving the two treadle tappets different
excentricity or lift, or by giving different leverages to the treadles or jacks in any
known or usual manner. Although only two shafts have been indicated on the
drawing, any number may be used and the shedding motions so arranged that the
lifted and dropped parts of the warp occupy the positions 1 and 2 alternately with the
positions 3 and 4.
The working of the loom is as follows: Supposing both shuttles to be in their boxes
on the left side of the loom and the different parts in the positions shewn in full lines
on figures 3 and 4, the lower shuttle is first shot to the right by the left hand under
pick motion. The shuttle-race, beams and shed are then raised into the positions
shewn in dotted lines and the upper shuttle shot to the right by the left hand over pick
motion. The shuttle race, beams and shed are then returned into the positions shewn
in full lines and the lower shuttle shot from the right to the left by the right hand
under pick motion, after which the shutile race, beams and shed are lifted again into
the positions indicated by dotted lines and the upper shuttle shot from the right to the
left by the right hand over pick motion. The motions are then repeated in the same
order. Instead of the lower shuttle leading, the upper shuttle may lead. The cloth is
wound upon the cloth beam in the ordinary manner.
The loom arranged with two shuttles picked alternately as hereinbefore described
may with a modified arrangement of the shedding motion be used for weaving two
pieces of cloth at the same time from one or more warp beams.
In that case for plain taffeta weave four shafts, two for the warp for the upper. cloth
and two for the warp for the lower cloth, are used. Each half of the warp threads for
the upper cloth is made to occupy alternately the positions 3 and 4, figures 3 and 4,
when the upper shuttle is picked, while during this time all the warp threads for the
lower cloth are lowered to the position 4 or to a position below it. Each half of the
warp threads for the lower cloth is made to occupy alternately the positions 1 and 2
when the lower shuttle is picked and during this time all the warp threads for the
upper cloth are in the position 1. If one half of the warp threads for the lower cloth
is designated by a and the other half by b, and one half of the warp threads for the
upper cloth by e and the other half by d, then the position of the threads will be as
follows: first pick, lower shuttle to the right: a, c and d at 1, b at 2; second pick,
upper shuttle to the right: a, and eat 4, at 3; third pick, lower shuttle to the left:
bc and d at 1, a at 2 fourth pick, upper shuttle to the right: : a b and d at 4, cat 3.
After this the action is repeated, and, in this manner two separate pieces of plain
cloth are produced. Instead of two shafts for each warp, any greater number may be
used as required for the kind of cloth to be made and the movement of the warp

page_text: threads from one position to the other may be produced by any suitable known or
usual mechanism used for forming the shed in looms.
This arrangement is particularly applicable to light or open fabrics containing few
warp threads so that double the number of threads required for one piece can be
conveniently warped upon one beam, whereby a considerable saving in the operations
of warping and sizing is effected, as only one beam has to be warped and sized
instead of two, as is the case when the two pieces are woven in two separate looms.
By picking the shuttles alternately as hereinbefore described, more time is given to
the shuttles to come to rest in their boxes before they are shot back again and a
lighter pick may be given, while at the same time the loom may be run at a higher
speed than when only one shuttle is used. The picking motions acting each only once
at every fourth beat need not be so violent and consequently there will be less
vibration and less wear and tear in the picking motions and their parts. This lighter
pick also naturally results from the circumstance that the tappet shaft makes only one
revolution for four beats or revolutions of the crank shaft instead of two as in ordinary
looms. In ordinary fast reed looms the shuttle on entering the box has to push back
the shuttle box tongue and stop rod lever of the reed protecting motion with the catch
connected to it and to do so has to overcome the pressure of strong back springs or of
spiral springs attached to the catch. The friction of these parts on the shuttle has
also to be overcome when the shuttle is shot out of the box. In consequence the pick
must be very violent in order that the shuttle on entering the box at the other side of
the loom may have sufficient momentum to overcome the pressure of the springs and
the friction caused thereby and enter fully into the box. The stop rods and levers also
make an oscillation at every pick, whereby their bushes become rapidly worn and they
require frequent adjustment in order that the catches may not meet the noses on the
frogs and stop the loom unnecessarily.
In order to obviate this inconvenience and the necessity for a violent pick, I
arrange a novel or improved reed motion or protector on the loom. This motion is
shewn on figures 2 and 3 and a side view of it on an enlarged scale on figure 6
sheet 4. On the latter only such parts of the shuttle boxes are shewn in section as
are required for the illustration of my improved reed motion. m and m figure 6 are
the shuttle box tongues or swells pushed inwards by light back springs n and n¹.
The stop rods o and o¹ are carried by brackets on the swords and have catches PP
and p p forged on them at each side and carry at their outer ends stop rod levers
and fixed upon them. Spiral springs and are attached at one end to
the slay swords and at the other to hooks on the stop rods and are in tension so as to
turn the stop rods and levers forward when the absence of shuttles in the boxes and
the frogs hereinafter described allow them to do so. Only one of such springs is
shewn on figure 6 actuating the lower stop rod, but similar springs are used for the
upper rod and have been omitted on the drawing for the sake of clearness.
The stop
rod levers and
7 are bent as shewn and pass through the shuttle box tongues or
swells. The catches and p¹ ride on the frogs and . These are formed in one
piece and slide on the loom sides in the usual way. Their upper surfaces are formed
as shewn, the back end being raised again to the level of the noses at the front.
slay is shewn on figure 6 in mid-position. During the back half revolution of the
cranks, the shoes of the catches and p' ride on the back part of the frogs as shewn
and the stop rod levers q and are thereby held in the positions shewn on figure
out of the shuttle boxes, so that the shuttle when picked is not subject to the pressure
from the spiral spring and on entering the box has not to push back the levers
against the spring pressure, and a lighter pick can be used than with the ordinary reed
motion. During the forward motion of the slay the shoes of the catches pass over the
notches in the frogs and if there is a shuttle in one of the upper and another shuttle
in one of the lower boxes, each shuttle holds back one of the levers y and and the
shoes of the catches pass over the notches and noses of the frogs. But if one of the
shuttles has not entered its box the corresponding lever or g₁ can move forward and
the catch drops into the notch and pushes the frog forward against the pressure of the
buffer spring and stops the loou by shifting the strap in the ordinary well known
S
The

page_text: manner. While the loom is working, the rods and levers have no oscillating motion as
with the ordinary fast reed motion or at most a very trifling one and the wear of the parts
is materially reduced. My improved fast reed motion is applicable to not only to looms
arranged as herein before described, but also to any other fast reed loom working with
two shuttles and to ordinary looms working with one shuttle. In the latter case of
course only one-stop rod o and one lever /, catch and frogs on each side of the loom
are required.
When the catches or p' catch the frogs and press them against the buffer springs,
the motion of the slay and crank shaft is suddenly retarded, while the strap remains
for some time longer on the fast pulley before it is shifted to the loose pulley, as the
different parts require some time for completing their action. In consequence of this
the strap has to slip and this combined with the rebound of the buffer springs
frequently causes the strap to fly off when the reed motion acts. In order to avoid
this, I in some cases combine the reed motion hereinbefore described with an arrange-
ment for simultaneously disconnecting the driving pulley from the crank shaft. This
arrangement is shewn on figures 5 and 6. On the sliding plate which is applied in
the usual manner for holding the frog on the loom side and connected with the frog
by a bolt, I cast a lug with a hole for the rod to pass through. This rod is screwed
at one end and held in its place by nuts as shewn and connected at the other end to a
levere having its fulcrum on the stud fixed in a bracket on the loom side. The
other arm of the lever is formed with a fork projecting into a circular groove on
the clutch e, which clutch can slide on the crank-shaft on a feather or key. This
clutch is preferably formed with one tooth only and the corresponding clutch w' is
formed on the boss of the driving pulley, which runs loose on the shaft or a bush fixed
on the shaft, and is held in position by collars as shewn. When the frogs are in their
backward position, the clutches are in gear and held in that position by the buffer
springs acting on the front of the frogs through the combination of the rod u and
lever, but when the catch moves the frog forward it at the same time moves the
clutch out of gear into the position shewn on figure 5 and disconnects the crank
shaft from the driving pulley, whereby the shaft is stopped at once and the rebound
of the buffer springs cannot act upon the strap.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is
Firstly. In looms for weaving the use or employment of two shuttleboxes on each
end of the slay and two shuttles picked alternately by two picking motions on each
side of the loom, combined with a moveable shuttle race and moveable breast and back
beams raised and lowered alternately after each pick and with an arrangement of the
shedding motion for forming the shed alternately at a higher and a lower level,
substantially as hereinbefore described.
Secondly. The use of looms as specified in the preceding claim for weaving either
one or two pieces of cloth at the same time in the manner herein before described.
Thirdly. The fast reed or protector motion for stopping the loom when a shuttle
misses its box substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by the drawings
and its application to ordinary fast reed looms working with one shuttle as well as to
looms working with two shuttles.
Fourthly. In combination with the reed or protector motion specified in the
preceding claim the arrangement for disconnecting the driving pulley from the crank
shaft, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by the drawings.
EMMOTT & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.