IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY ROLLING STOCK
Year: 1885

page_text: I JAMES LUTLEY of Hailsham in the County of Sussex Engineer do hereby
declare the nature of said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY ROLLING
STOCK" to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object to provide means whereby vehicles on railways
can with safety pass round curves of short radius at full speed the bearings all
being accessible from the outside for lubrication as in ordinary modern railway
vehicles.
According to my Invention the two wheels of each pair of wheels are not
mounted upon one and the same axle but each wheel is fixed upon an independent
axle each such axle extending from side to side of the vehicles its respective ends
being mounted in outside axle boxes which can be got at from the outside of the
vehicles-It will be understood that these single wheels mounted at one end of an
axle are alternately reversely placed for example there is first a wheel on the left
hand side of the vehicle mounted on an axis carried at the left hand side of the
vehicle in an axle box outside the wheel the said axle extending under the
vehicle to the other side and being there carried in an axle box which is accessible
from the outside of the vehicle-The next wheel is at the right hand side of the
vehicle clear of the aforesaid axle of the first mentioned wheel and the axle of this
said next wheel in like manner is mounted in a bearing at the right hand side of
the vehicle and outside the wheel the said axle extending to the left hand side.
of the vehicle, and there being mounted in an axle box clear of the aforesaid
wheel at the left hand side and accessible from the outside-Each pair of wheels
with which the vehicle is provided is similarly arranged on separate axles mounted
at the opposite sides of the vehicles in outside bearings-The wheels will thus
make their own independent revolution and will respectively adapt themselves to
the difference in length of the inner and outer lines of the curve-The outer rail
of the curve must be elevated according to the radius of the curve and the express
speed of the trains on the line but I purpose in addition to cant the outer rail of
the curve over in the opposite direction to that in which it is at present canted
that is to say I cant it outwards of the curve A Bogie Engine must be provided
and Tender-If the Tender is separate then the latter must be constructed in the
same manner as the Carriages,
J. HENRY JOHNSON,
Agent for the said James Lutley.

page_text: I, JAMES LUTLEY, of Hailsham, in the County of Sussex, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
My Invention has for its object to provide means whereby Railway rolling stock
can with safety pass round or over curves of short radius at express speed, the
bearings all being accessible from the outside for lubrication as in ordinary Railway
Rolling Stock or Vehicles.
According to my Invention the two wheels of each pair of wheels are not
mounted upon one and the same axle but each wheel is fixed upon an independent
axle, each such axle extending from side to side of the vehicle, its respective ends
being mounted in outside axle boxes or bearings which are so arranged that they
are readily accessible from the outside of the vehicle for lubrication inspection and
repair without any necessity for going underneath the vehicle which would be
most difficult and dangerous. It will be understood that these single wheels
mounted near the shoulders of the Journals are alternately reversely placed. For
distinction I will call the two ends of the axles the wheel end and the tail end
respectively, the wheel end being the end carrying the wheel and the tail end
being the end which does not carry a wheel. For example, there is first a wheel
on the off or right hand side of the vehicle mounted on an axle carried on the right
hand side or wheel end of the axle in an axle box situated outside the wheel and
accessible from the outer side of the vehicle, the said axle extending under the
vehicle to the opposite tail end at the near side of the vehicle and being there
carried in an axle box which is also accessible from the outerside of the vehicle.
The next wheel is at the near or left-hand side of the vehicle clear of the aforesaid
axle of the first mentioned wheel and the axle of this said next wheel in like
manner is mounted in a bearing at the left-hand wheel end or near side of the
vehicle and outside the wheel the said axle extending to the opposite right-hand
tail end or off side of the vehicle and there being mounted in an axle box clear of
the aforesaid wheel at the right-hand or off-side and accessible from the outside.
Each pair of wheels with which the vehicle is provided is similarly arranged on
separate axles mounted at the opposite sides of the vehicles in outside bearings.-
The wheels will thus make their own independent revolutions and will respectively
adapt themselves to the difference in length of the inner and outer lines or rails of
the curve
The outer rail of the curve must be elevated according to the radius
of the curve and the express speed of the trains as per admitted formula-The
utility and simplicity of my Invention is applicable to all Railway rolling Stock at
a very moderate cost.
And in Order that my said Invention may be fully understood I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer to
the several figures on the annexed sheet of drawings the same letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts in all the figures.

page_text: Figure 1 is a side elevation Figure 2 a transverse section (on the line 1-2
figure 1) and Figure 3 is a plan of so much of a railway vehicle as will suffice to
illustrate the application of my Invention thereto Figures 4 to 8 are details and a
modification as hereinafter explained. Each wheel A is fixed towards one end of
an axle B there being an axle for each wheel. Each axle extends from side to side
of the vehicle its respective ends being mounted in axle boxes C and D which are.
outside the wheels and in proper position for access for lubrication, inspection, and
repair from the outside of the vehicle without any necessity for going underneath
the vehicle-The axle boxes C at the wheel end of the axles B have springs in the
ordinary manner but the axle boxes D at the other or tail ends of the axles B do
not require any springs, but notwithstanding the non-requirement of springs at
the tail ends of the axles B a spiral or a leaf spring or springs may be used to
allow the axle Box to slide up and down in the hornplates the same as at the
wheel ends.
It is advisable to make the connection of the axle with the axle boxes D at the
tail end of such a nature as to allow for angular or oscillating movement of the axle
-In the drawing I have illustrated the means for this purpose as consisting of a
spherical end E mounted in a spherical bearing in the axle box D This spherical
end E is shewn in sections at right angles to each other in figures 5 and 6-In it
is a hole e in which the Journal of the axle B revolves-The spherical end E allows
of angular or oscillating movement of the axle For enabling lubrication to be
properly effected the said spherical end E may be made with a recess or recesses
as at e¹ into which the lubricant enters from the grease box through holes e³ to
lubricate the spherical end in its socket and the Journal in its bearing in the hole e
in the spherical end by passing through the openings e. Figures 7 and 8 are views
at right angles to each other of a modified arrangement for this purpose wherein
the axle B revolves in a box D which is capable of moving upon trunnions d
mounted in bearings carried by the horn plates to allow the said axle to accommodate
itself to alteration in angular or oscillating movement. If desired the spherical
end and socket or swivelling bearing or the equivalent means for accommodation
of angular or oscillating movement of the axles may be provided at both ends of
each axle but generally this will not be needed. The flanges are on the inner side
of the wheels and inside the rails according to the present custom.
I do not object to the check-rails such as are now used round curves but they
are not necessary when rolling stock constructed according to my Invention is
employed. It will be observed by the Drawing that the leading wheels are on the
off or right hand side whichever end of the said carriage may lead or travel first;
but they could be equally well arranged so that they are at the near or left hand
side. By my Invention there will be a great saving in power, time, and wear and
tear of Rails and rolling Stock; and no slackening of speed will be necessary
when running round or over curves, but the same uniform rate may be maintained
as safely as on the straight line and moreover no diversion or alteration of short
radius curves which now exist will be necessary.
I am aware that it has previously been proposed to mount each of the wheels of
a railway vehicle upon a separate axle but I am not aware that any arrangement
has ever been devised used or described in such a manner that it was available for
practical use with the necessary provisions for lubrication and inspection of the
bearings and adapted to fulfil the practical requirements of Railway work.
In the expression Railway Vehicles I include those of any kind of Railway such
as ordinary Railway Companies rolling Stock or Vehicles or the Vehicles of the
form of Street Railways commonly called Tramways.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
First. In Railway rolling Stock fixing each individual wheel upon a distinct
axle separate from that or those upon which the other wheel or wheels is or are

page_text: carried each end of each axle being mounted in outside bearings to which access
can be readily obtained for lubrication and inspection, and the wheels having
inside flanges all substantially as herein before described.
Second. In Railway rolling Stock fixing each individual wheel upon a distinct
axle separate from that or those upon which the other wheel or wheels is or are
carried each end of each axle being mounted in outside bearings and being provided
with means for allowing of angular or oscillating movement of the axle and the
wheels having inside flanges all substantially as hereinbefore described.
Dated this Righteenth dex of November 1905