AN.IMPROVED PUMP OR ENGINE FOR RAISING AND IMPELLING INELASTIC FLUIDS, AND PRODUCING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1846

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, AUGUSTUS
TURK FORDER, of Leamington Priors, in the County of Warwick, Solicitor,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twenty-ninth day of January, in the ninth year of Her reign,
did give and grant unto me, the said Augustus Turk Forder, my exors, admors,
and assigns, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said Augustus Turk Forder, my exors, adññors, and assigns, and
such others as I, the said Augustus Turk Forder, my exors, admors, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times hereafter during the term of years therein expressed, should 'and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England; Wales, and
the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in the Islands of Guernsey, Jersey,
Alderney, Sark, and Man, and also in all Her said Majesty's Colonies and
Plantations abroad, my Invention of "AN.IMPROVED PUMP OR ENGINE FOR RAISING
AND IMPELLING INELASTIC FLUIDS, AND PRODUCING MOTIVE POWER;" in which said
Letters Patent there is contained a proviso that I, the said Augustus Turk
Forder, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by, an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, to be enrolled in Her said Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the

page_text: date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, reference being thereunto had,
will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Augustus Turk Forder, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention, and the
manner in which it is performed, are particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon (that is
to say):-
4
My Invention has for. its object the improvement of the class of pumps
known by the name of plunger pumps, and usually employed in the raising and
impelling of inelastic fluids (meaning thereby all fluids such as water, which
are popularly considered inelastic), and the application of the said pumps in
their improved form, or at least as much thereof as may be suitable for the
purpose, to the producing of motive power. In the ordinary plunger pump
the pole requires a gradually increasing weight or power to draw it up out of
the cylinder, and as it returns or falls into the cylinder exerts a gradually
decreasing force upon the fluid therein contained. Now, my improvement
therein consists in attaching a weighted lever to the axis of the break or wheel
in a position perpendicular to and at right angles therewith (supposing the
plunger pole to be at the bottom of its stroke), so that as the plunger pole is
drawn out of the cylinder the weighted lever gradually moves over to the oppo-
site side of the axis to that to which the plunger pole is attached, and as it
descends is gradually brought back, until it rests over the axis, whereby the
power required to raise or draw up out of the cylinder the plunger pole of the
pump is diminished, and also in attaching the plunger pole of the pump to an
arched head (or beam with parrellel rods) the radius of which is four times the
length of the stroke of the pump, causing the play of the break to be limited
within a portion of an arc less than is described by the break of ordinary
pumps when worked, whereby the power lost from difference of length of
leverage is less than in the working of the pumps now in common use.
Figure 1 of the Drawings hereunto annexed represents an elevation, and
Figure 2 a vertical section of a pump constructed on this plan in two different
positions. A, B, is a weighted lever; the weight A may be either of iron or
lead. The shaft B may be of wood or metal; if of wood, it should be mortised
into the axle M, and if of metal, cast in the same piece with the axle. The
weight may incline a little towards the break or handle D, but must not be
allowed to lean over towards the arched head C. If placed on its shaft equi-
distant from the axle with the periphery of the arched head, it must be three
times heavier than the fluid displaced in the cylinder by the plunger pole, when

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the valve of the force pipe is closed, and the connection between the column
of fluid in the force pipe and the fluid in the cylinder is cut off. If placed
at less distance from the axle the weight must be increased in proportion to the
difference of such distance; for instance, if the periphery of the arched head
is eight feet from the axis, and the weight is only four feet from the axis, then
the weight must be six times as heavy as the fluid displaced by the plunger in
the cylinder as above mentioned, or twice as heavy as would be requisite if the
weight had been placed equidistant with the periphery of the arched head
from the axis. S, S, are struts or stays supporting the weighted lever, one on
each side, which are made equal to each other in weight, and placed equidistant
from the opposite sides of the axle and weighted lever. C, the arched head,
which should be made of the same material as the weighted lever, and which
must measure from its periphery to the axle from four to seven times or there-
abouts the length of the stroke of the pump. The break or handle D should
be of sufficient weight to balance the arched head and its arms, and be attached
to the axletree in a line with the centre of the arched head. T is a weight
attached to the axle M, directly under the weighted lever, in order to balance
the lever shaft B, and its side 'supports S, S. E is the framework of the
apparatus; G one of two knife edges (one of which is shewn separately in
Figure 3) which are fixed into, the two ends of the axle, so that the axle rests
these knife edges, when the weighted lever is perpendicularly over it and
the plunger is in the cylinder of the pump. The knife edges should be made
angle of forty-five degrees. His
upon
R is a
of steel or wrought iron, and be set to an
one of the seats for the knife edges, each side of which should form an angle
of forty-five degrees, with a vertical line drawn through the point a.
chain or rope attached at one to a ring P fixed in the centre of the top of the
plunger pole, and at the other end to a ring of iron V, on the arched head,
and of sufficient length to allow the plunger to be raised from and fall into the
cylinder, without causing the arched head and plunger to come into contact.
The plunger of my improved pump requires to be increased in weight
by one fourth of the weight of the water it displaces in the cylinder (when
the connection between the water in the cylinder and that in the force pipe is.
cut off) more than is required by the plungers of pumps now in use, in order to
overcome the resistance of the weighted lever to the down stroke of the plunger,
and it should in all cases be of the same area as the valve of the suction pipe.
W, W, are stops to limit the action of the engine within the range of the
pump stroke. As the resistance of the fluid to the plunger decreases as the
plunger rises out of the cylinder or cistern, (which plunger is attached to the
weighted lever, so that as the former rises on one side of the axle the latter

page_text: descends on the opposite side) so the weighted lever exerts an increased weight
upon the opposite side of the axis to that to which the plunger is attached, and
thereby continually balances the increasing weight of the plunger, and conse-
quently less power is required to draw the plunger out of the cylinder or cistern
when the weighted lever is attached to it than is required to raise the plunger
out of the cylinder or cistern without the assistance of the weighted lever.
Instead of newly constructing plunger pumps in the manner which has been
just described, the weighted lever movement may be applied as a separate
moving power to plunger pumps of the ordinary construction, in the way
represented in Figure 4. A guiding rod or lever L is in this case fixed into
the bottom of the arched head C', and forms an involute of the circle of which
the arched head is a portion concave to the point of suspension S¹, and is of
sufficient length to remain in the aperture or ring a, during the whole of the
stroke of the pump. The plunger of the pump is also attached to the arched
head of the weighted lever with a chain or rope at S', and is so placed that as
the arched head rises the chain or rope may describe a perpendicular line from
the centre of the plunger pole; the weight of the plunger pole must, however,
in this case be increased to an extent equal to between a fifth and a fourth of
the weight of the water or other fluid discharged. D is a weight which serves
in this case as an equipoise to the arched head C'and its arms. Figure 3 shows
how the weighted lever movement may be applied to a double-acting high-
pressure steam engine, worked expansively, or to any other engine the working
power whereof is required to be gradually increased (or which working power
gradually decreases as it arrives at the conclusion of the stroke both up and
down) as its piston rises, and which exerts a gradually decreasing force as it
returns or falls into the cylinder. A, B, and A', B', are the two weighted
levers placed about fifteen degrees apart, and P the piston rod, which is shewn
as at the bottom of the cylinder. One of the weighted levers A, B, is repre-
sented as over the axis, and the other A', B', as hanging over the beam and
exerting its weight in pulling down the piston. T¹ is a counterpoise to the
weighted lever shafts and their side supports, and D³ a counterpoise to the
beam. W, W, are stops to limit the action of the weighted levers to the range
of the piston stroke; X one of the side rods connecting the working end of
the weighted lever beam Z with the poston rod at Y. The advantages of this
application of my machine are, that after the piston has performed half its'
stroke (say the down stroke) and as the motive power of the steam then
decreases, so the weighted lever A', B', increases in power or weight, and
thereby aids the piston. When again the steam is first let under the piston
in its upward stroke, and the steam is in excess of the duty required from it,.

page_text: such excess serves to depress the weighted lever A, B, until it comes at the
middle of the stroke into a state of equilibrium with the other weight A', B¹;
after which, and as the steam attenuates and becomes weakest, the weighted
lever A, B, increases and exerts its greatest weight or force. By the assistance
thus obtained the steam pressure required to work the engine with two weighted
levers is less than is required to work the engine without them. The weight
of each of the weighted levers must of course be varied according to the degree
of expansion at which the engine is worked, (that is to say) it must never
exceed a moiety of the minimum clear working power of the engine.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is, the
improved pump or engine before described, in so far as respects the appli-
cation of the weighed lever or levers to the same, and the mode of applying
such lever or levers.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-ninth day of July, in the
year of our Lord 1846, the aforesaid Augustus Turk Forder came before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to
the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Twenty-ninth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty civ