IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES, AND IN THE TREATMENT OF STEAM
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Beattie, of Lawn Place, South Lambeth, in
the County of Surrey, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FURNACES, AND IN THE TREATMENT OF STEAM."
Sealed the 20th June 1854, and dated the 1st February 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Beattie at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
February 1854.
I, JOSEPH BEATTIE, of Lawn Place, South Lambeth, in the County of
Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES, AND IN THE TREATMENT OF STEAM" to be as fol-
lows:-
My improvements in furnaces for the economization of fuel in the genera-
tion of steam consist, firstly, in the arrangement and combination of furnaces,
retorts, and combustion chambers, where coal by itself or in combination with
coke can be used and the gases thrown off' more perfectly consumed. The
furnaces are to be constructed and divided from each other, either by plain or
perforated water-space partitions, or fire tile or fire lumps, bridges, and parti-
tions, and such furnaces are intended to communicate with each other and an
adjoining combustion chamber through perforated fire tile partitions or fire tile
gratings. By another mode the furnaces are to be in immediate connection

page_text: with a short boiler, partly perforated with tubes and partly with flues. The
tubes to be inserted uppermost in the boiler and the flues underneath them, or
tubes and flues alternately. In the flues are placed perforated or grooved fire
tiles, in order to deliver the flame and combustible gases better mixed or
diffused into a combustion chamber placed between the short boiler before
named and another more distant boiler. The sheet of flame passing through
the lower flues and rising in front of a bridge or bridges situate in the
combustion chamber ignites whatever gases may be passing or have passed
through the small tubes unconsumed; and by another mode proposed the
furnace or retort in which coal is to be used is roofed or arched over with
perforated or channelled fire tiles, or partly with perforated fire tiles and pipes,
or by water-space partitions and fire tiles in combination, and where necessary
is provided with a sliding fire tile to cover the fire hole through which the
coal is to be supplied. This description of furnace or retort is applicable to
all existing furnaces, whether having midfeather or other partitions or not. I
also employ an arrangement and combination of plain and perforated fire
tile bridges, columns, tubes, and gratings, fixed in the combustion chambers
and passages and flues communicating therewith, whereby both a better
admixture of the gases is obtained, and also the admission of the atmospheric
air required by the unconsumed gases, which is supplied and diffused in the
best possible position and condition to complete the combustion.
And, lastly, my improvements relate to certain modes and apparatus by
which the caloric of the exhaust steam from the cylinders is to be used to heat
and raise the temperature of the feed water for the boiler, and also of the
atmospheric air, before it enters the furnaces and combustion chamber, and by
which means the exhaust steam is cooled down and reduced to hot water for
continual use to be pumped into the boiler, and thus great economy in fuel is
obtained.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Beattie in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st 3
August 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
BEATTIE, of Lawn Place, South Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters 8
Patent, bearing date the First day of February, in the year of our Lord One

page_text: thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Joseph Beattie, Her special license that I, the said Joseph Beattie,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Joseph Beattie, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FURNACES, AND IN THE TREATMENT OF STEAM," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Joseph Beattie, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Beattie, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates,―
First, to a peculiar construction and arrangement of furnaces whereby a
greater economy of fuel with consumption or prevention of the smoke is
attained, whilst the generation of steam is more rapidly accomplished than in
furnaces and boilers as at present constructed.
Second, to a peculiar construction and arrangement of apparatus for heating
the feed water of steam boilers by employing or utilising the caloric of the
waste or exhaust steam from the steam cylinders.
Third, to a peculiar construction and arrangement of apparatus for heating
the atmospheric air before it enters the furnaces and combustion chambers
thereof.
My improvements in furnaces for economising fuel in the production of
steam are shewn in Sheets 1, 2, 3, and 4, as applied to locomotive engines,
stationary engines, and marine engines, and will be understood by reference to
the annexed Drawings.
Figure 1, Sheet 1, shews a longitudinal section of a furnace and boiler
suitable for a locomotive engine, and these improvements consist, firstly, in the
arrangement and combination of the furnaces A and C, which are formed by

page_text: the inclined transverse water-space partition B; the crown of the furnace A is
roofed or arched over with perforated fire tile segments or bricks 3, 3, or fire
tiles made of the proper form may be placed vertically between the transverse
partition B, and the space between the furnace doors 1 and 2 leading to the
furnaces A and C, having sufficient openings to form a communication between
the furnaces A and C. In the furnace C are placed vertical fire tiles E, E,
resting on a fire clay lump 10, and bearing against the deflecting water space D,
which is fitted with tubes; the tiles are so formed as to have a space between
them, whilst their extreme side surfaces come together, and a combustion
chamber F is formed by their ends next to the tube plate of the short boiler
G being made circular or concave, to allow the flame and gases to be fully
developed before entering the chamber H through the short tubes G. The
action of the combined furnaces A and C is as follows:-The furnace C is
charged with carbonaceous coal or anthracite coal, and the furnace A with
bituminous or gaseous coal. The flame and combustible gases pass through
the openings in the fire tile crown 3, 3, of the furnace A, and are deflected
over the surface of the incandescent fuel in the furnace C before entering the
interstices between the fire tiles E, E, and the chamber F leading into the tubes
in the boiler G and combustion chamber H, where time and space are given
to the gases for final combustion; and this object is aided by the deflecting
water space bridge J, which is also fitted with tubes, and which checks the
current of flame and gases before entering into the small tubes leading from
the combustion chamber H to the smoke box K; the furnaces A and C have
separate and distinct fire bars 4 and 5, ash boxes 6 and 7, dampers 8 and 9,
and fire doors 1 and 2, for separate charging, and the dampers 8 and 9 can
be used and worked separately and distinct for the admission of air to each of
the furnaces A and C. The partition B may be made of fire bricks or fire
tiles, and locomotive engines, having long or large furnaces, may be divided
or constructed with two furnaces, somewhat similar to and fitted up as shewn
at Fig. 1, with the vertical fire tiles E, E, to promote better combustion of the
smoke and gases, and may be fitted with separate ash boxes and dampers,
and worked in the same manner as I have before described in reference to
Figure 1.
Fig. 2, Sheet 1, is a transverse section of Fig. 1, showing the short tubes
G as seen between the water space B and the deflecting bridge D; the fire tiles
which form the crown of the furnace A are not shown, but the dotted lines
of vertical fire tiles E, E.
represent the range
Fig. 3, Sheet 1, is a longitudinal section of a locomotive boiler, the im-
provements in which consist in the arrangement and combination of the two

page_text: furnaces A and C and combustion chamber E, which are formed by the
two inclined transverse water partitions B and D. The furnaces A and C
have separate fire doors 1 and 2, grate bars 3 and 4, ash boxes 5 and 6, and
dampers 7 and 8, and the preparatory combustion chamber E is provided
with a perforated fire tile bottom b, b, or a number of perforated fire tiles for
the admission of air into the chamber E, which is carried up in hollow per-
forated cones or pipes a, a, to meet or mingle with the flame and gases as they
pass over the transverse partition D and under the deflecting bridge F; the
same object may be accomplished by deep fire tile gratings or fire tiles placed
on edge, having air spaces formed in them for the admission of air to support
combustion; the action of this arrangement and combination of furnaces and
combustion chamber and fire tile gratings, perforated cones or pipes, for the
admission of air, is as follows:-When the furnaces A and C are charged
with coal alternately, the gases evolved from the coal in the last charged
furnace will be brought into contact and mixed with the flame from the clear
fire in the other furnace, and their joint products of combustible gases will be
deflected by the bridge F amongst the conical or other fire tiles before men-
tioned, and will be well mixed before passing through the short tubes G
leading into the combustion chamber H, where the combustion will be com-
pleted before entering into the small tubes leading from the chamber H into
the smoke box K. The furnace A, Fig. 3, may be arched and covered
over with perforated fire tiles, shewn in dotted lines, as before described in the
furnace A, Fig. 1.
The throat or passage formed by the partition D and deflecting bridge F,
and also the combustion chamber E, may be provided and fitted with per-
forated fire tiles or fire tile gratings, as shewn and described in a former
Specification of Letters Patent granted to me on the Eleventh day of January,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
Fig. 4, Sheet 1, is a transverse section shewing the form of the transverse
partitions B and D.
Fig. 5, Sheet 1, is a longitudinal section of a boiler; Fig. 6 is a transverse
section of the same; and Fig. 7 is a horizontal section, shewing another com-
bination of furnaces, and consists of two furnaces A. and C, and a preparatory
combustion chamber F formed by a longitudinal water-space partition B and
a transverse partition D, which is provided with an aperture E, and an open-
ing a, a, a, is formed in the longitudinal partition B. The furnaces A and C
are provided with separate fire doors, ash boxes, and dampers; the preparatory
combustion chamber F is provided and furnished with fire tile bottoms, as
before described in reference to Fig. 3, on which are placed a number of fire

page_text: tile columns 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, some of which are hollow and perforated, and com-
municate with air passages 3, 3, in the bottom of the chamber F, and the air
thus admitted is brought into immediate contact and admixture with the gases
evolved from the fuel in the furnaces A and C; the quantity of air to be admitted
is adjusted by a valve 4, Fig. 5; the final combustion chamber H is provided
with a double series of vertical fire tiles 5, 5, and 6, 6, placed about two and
a half or three inches apart, so shaped and formed as to leave an open mixing
space at each end in the centre of the chamber H. The operation of the fur-
naces and combustion chambers will be as follows:-When the furnaces A and
C are charged alternately with fresh coal, the products of combustion will be
well mixed in passing through the throat or opening E, and are further mixed
and mingled together in passing through the fire tile columns 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2,
before entering the chamber H by the short tubes G, where the combustion of
the gases is completely effected in passing between the vertical fire tiles 5, 5,
and 6, 6, before entering the small tubes leading from the combustion chamber
H into the smoke box K. I propose to use several modifications and arrange-
ments of fire tiles in these combustion chambers, as for instance, to furnish or
fit the chamber F with flat vertical fire tiles, or perforated fire tiles similar to
those in chamber H, and the chamber H may be supplied with columns, as
described for chamber F, and such columns or pipes may be placed either
perpendicular, inclined, or horizontal.
Fig. 8, Sheet 2, is a longitudinal section of furnaces similar to Fig. 1,
Sheet 1; the short section of the boiler G is shewn as filled with the ordinary
tubes 1, 1, 1, but I propose to introduce several important improvements and
modifications in the construction and formation of this short boiler, videlicet,
to form it partly with tubes and partly with flues. I prefer to have the tubes
inserted uppermost in the boiler and the flues underneath them, or alternate.
Figs. 9, 10, 11, are transverse sections of furnaces, shewing the arrangement
of flues and tubes in combination, and forming the short boiler G; in Fig. 9
is represented a large oval formed flue placed beneath the tubes 1, 1, 1, in the
boiler G, in which is placed grooved or perforated fire tiles; the flame passing
through them is delivered into the combustion chamber H, and is more
completely diffused and mixed with the combustible gases; the sheet of
flame formed between the boiler G and the fire tile bridges placed in the
combustion chamber H is directed upwards and ignites the combustible gases
passing through the tubes 1, 1, 1. In Fig. 10, five round flues are shewn
(in combination with the tubes 1, 1, 1,) and placed in the lower part of the
boiler G, in which are placed various formed and perforated grooved fire tiles
to allow the flame and gases to pass through into the combustion chamber.

page_text: Fig. 11 shews an oval flue formed in the upper part of the boiler G, and is
provided with perforated and grooved fire tiles for the admission of the flame
which is deflected by the bridge J in the combustion chamber H (as in Fig. 1,
Sheet 1), and thrown among the flame and gases passing through the tubes
1, 1, 1, situated below the flue. I have represented oval and circular flues or
passages in Figs. 9, 10, and 11, leading into the combustion chamber H, but
I wish it to be understood I do not intend to confine myself to any particular
form or position or length of these flues in combination with the tubes 1, 1, 1;
they may be formed differently and placed vertically amongst the tubes 1, 1, 1,
and instead of being filled with fire tiles, as before described, vertical fire tiles
may be placed in the chamber EI, and projecting through the large flues into
the furnace C. The combustion chamber H may be brought forward to within
a few inches of the furnace C, so that but an ordinary water space may
intervene, and through this water space large oval or circular passages or flues
may be formed in combination with the small tubes to allow the flame and
gases to enter the chamber H. And I propose forming and arranging the
flues, openings, or passages and tubes through the intervening water space in
connection with the combustion chamber H and the furnace C in Fig. 8 as
I have described.
Fig. 12, Sheet 2, is a longitudinal, and Fig. 13 a transverse section, wherein
4 furnaces are shewn constructed and arranged by a combination of furnaces
and combustion chambers, as shewn in Figs. 1 and 5, in Sheet 1. B is a longi-
tudinal water-space partition dividing the furnaces A and C. D is the transverse
water-space partition; the water-space partition and fire-tile crown forming the
furnace A are represented the dotted lines at 7, 7, 7, 7. The partitions
B and D are curved so as to form an outlet E for the flame and gases. In
the opening E, and in the adjoining chamber F, vertical fire tiles W are
placed longitudinally, with passages between them to allow the flame and gases
to enter the tubes 1, 1, 1, in the boiler G, and pass into the combustion
chamber H, as before described. The preparatory combustion chamber F
may be fitted with perforated fire tiles, air passages, and dampers similar to that
described in Fig. 5, but the bottom is intended to be a water space, with a
man-hole in the centre, through which the necessary air to promote combustion
will be admitted.
Figs. 14 and 15, Sheet 2, represent longitudinal and transverse sections of
another modification and arrangement of two furnaces in combination and
connection. A and C are two furnaces formed by the water-space partition
B being placed vertically, and the arch-formed fire tile 7 being placed resting
on the top of B, and bearing against the outside water space between the fire

page_text: doors 1 and 2 leading into the furnaces C and A. The ends of the furnaces
A and C are made sloping or slanting in such a way as to make the furnace
A nearly the reverse in shape or form of the furnace A in Fig. 8, and places
the furnace A in Fig. 14 without the crown of the furnace C, and by this
arrangement a greater range is obtained for the flame and gases issuing
through the openings between the arched fire tiles 7 which form the crown of
furnace A. than can be got by any other form and arrangement if the two
furnaces A and C were contained vertically within the crown of the furnace C.
The furnaces A and C have separate ash pans 3 and 4, and dampers 5 and 6,
which can be worked separately and independently of each other.
Figs. 16 and 17, Sheet 2, are longitudinal and transverse sections of furnaces
and boilers, wherein A and C are two furnaces formed by the water-space par-
tition B; the flame and gases passing through the flues D are delivered into the
combustion chamber E, E, which extends the entire length of the boiler and
passes into the chamber F, and through the tubes 1, 1, 1, 1, into the chamber
G, which is formed by the water-space partition K in the furnace C. H, H,
is a flue or passage in connection with the chamber G which leads to the
smoke box and chimney. The combustion chamber E, E, is fitted with a
series of fire tiles 2, 2, 2, to assist and promote combustion, and which tiles
may be made of various forms, so that the best results may be obtained. The
combustion chamber E, E, may be placed below in the boiler, and the tubes
1, 1, 1, 1, placed above the combustion chamber E, E; and by another
modification the combustion chamber E, E, may be placed in the centre of the
boiler, and the tubes 1, 1, 1, 1, placed around, or two combustion chambers
may be placed in a horizontal position in both sides of the boiler, having the
-tubes 1, 1, 1, 1, placed between them. The chamber F in the smoke box,
and G in the furnace C, can be modified and arranged easily to admit of all
these modifications of the chambers E, E, so as to promote equally good results
in the combustion of fuel and generation of steam.
Figs. 18 and 19 are longitudinal and transverse sections of a combination
of furnaces and combustion chambers, wherein A and C are furnaces, the
same as shewn in Fig. 14. D is the short boiler with tubes leading into the
combustion chamber E, from which the flame and gases pass through the
lower portion of tubes 2, 2, 2, into the chamber F, and entering the adjoining
chamber W, return through the boiler by the upper portion of tubes 1, 1, 1, 1,
into the chamber G and chimney H. The combustion chambers E, E, may
be furnished and fitted up with fire tiles of any of the various forms and kinds
before described.
Fig. 20, in Sheet 3, is a longitudinal section, and Fig. 21, a transverse

page_text: section, shewing an arrangement and combination of furnaces and retorts
where coal entirely or in combination with coke can be used, and the gases
more perfectly consumed. The two furnaces A and B are separated by the
transverse partition C, which is shewn in the Drawing to have a water space,
but the partition C may be made of perforated or plain fire tiles. D, D, in the
transverse section, Fig. 21, are two retorts constructed of baked fire clay. In
the longitudinal section, Fig. 20, they are shewn at D inserted in the external
water space at E, and bearing on the transverse partition C. They are to be
charged with the coal at the outer ends F, which are fitted or furnished with
doors or sliding covers not shewn in the Drawing. The internal end which
rests on the partition C is left open or partially open to allow the gas produced
by the distillation of the coal to escape, and the coke produced from the coal
after distillation to be delivered into the furnace B by the fireman pushing
it forward with a rake made for that purpose. In the space between the
retorts D, D, Fig. 21, another similar retort may be placed, or vertical fire
tiles may be introduced instead, situated in such a way as to have openings or
spaces between them to allow the flame thrown off the coal in the furnace A
to ascend between them. In the combustion chamber II is placed a fire clay
retort I, which can be introduced through the man-hole J at the bottom, and
placed on a perforated or other fire tile stand. The retort I has holes or slots
to allow the gases and flame escaping from the furnaces A and B to pass
through it and through the incandescent fuel contained in it before entering
into the small tubes leading from the combustion chamber H through the
boiler into the smoke box K. There is an opening L, having a close fitting
cover leading into the top of the combustion chamber H through the water
space over it, through which the retort I can be charged with coke (hard coal
may be used, but I prefer coke). I will now describe the action of the retorts
D, D, in combination with the furnaces A and B, Fig. 20, as follows:-Coke
is introduced into the furnace B through the retorts D, D, and the furnace A
is supplied with coal through the door 2. The retorts D, D, are charged with
coal by a suitable shaped long shovel, and the external ends are closed with
a sliding or other well fitted door made air-tight; the furnaces A and B are
then lighted; the flame and gases rise up between the vertical fire tiles (in
this Fig. a small furnace is shewn, but in a large furnace 3, 4, or 5 or more
retorts may be used,) and around the retorts D, D, and are deflected by the
hanging bridge M. down and over the coke in the furnace B, and passing
through the tubes G leading into the combustion chamber H, where entering
into combination and combustion with the coke in the retort I, they are finally
consumed before entering the small. tubes leading to the smoke box, as

page_text: before described. The gases distilled from the coal in the retorts D, D, pass
down into the furnace B over the coke fire, and taking the same course as
before described, are consumed in passing through the combustion chamber H
and retort I, and the coke produced by the distillation of the coal in the
retorts D, D, is passed onwards by the fireman's rake into the furnace B, to
support and assist the combustion of the flame and gases thrown off the coal
in the furnace A and the retorts D, D. The ashes or cinders produced from
the combustion of the coke used in the retort I, situated in the combustion
chamber H, may be withdrawn by removing or sliding the perforated bottom
5 to one side, and thereby allowing them to drop through the man-hole before
mentioned. The retort I, although shewn standing vertically and in the
centre of the combustion chamber H, may be placed nearer the end of such
combustion chamber towards the larger tubes situated between the combustion
chamber and furnace B, or more remote, or placed inclined, or with arms
horizontally, and the aperture for feeding or charging it may be placed on
either side leading into the combustion chamber H, having a chamber situated
between, with a neat and well fitting entrance door to contain sufficient fuel
for a journey, and after which another supply can be introduced. The retorts
D, D, and I, may be made of iron or copper, if required, with water spaces,
and perforated with tubes, but I prefer having them of fire clay, as before
described.
In Figs 20 and 21 are shewn only the application of one example of
retort in combination with the furnaces A and B, but they may be formed
in a variety of ways, as shewn in Figs. 22, 23, 24, and 25, and applied in
greater number than shewn in Figs. 20 and 21 to all furnaces for locomotive,
stationary, and marine engines, and I propose to apply them to all such steam
engine furnaces and to existing furnaces for the generation of steam.
Fig. 23 shews the section of a retort with the end 2 entirely closed, and an
opening 3 for the removal or dropping of the coke into the furnace situated
beneath; a perforated fire tile sliding slab covers the opening 3 before the
retort is charged with coal, through which the gas escapes.
Fig. 25 is a section of a retort with the end 2 closed; the gas produced
by the distillation of the coal escapes by a channel 5 running along the bottom
towards the opening 3. The channel is perforated, as shewn in the section,
to allow the gas to escape, and forming so many jets of flame and mixing with
the flame and gas thrown off the fuel in the furnace beneath, promotes more
complete combustion. The coke is withdrawn from the retort and dropped
into the furnace below, as before described, and the opening 3 is covered over
with the sliding fire tile 4 ready to receive another charge of coal. The

page_text: channels 5 shewn below the retorts may be formed on the top of the retort,
and similar channels may be formed at each side for the escape of the gas into
the furnaces.
Fig. 22 is another section of a retort, shewing how the gas can escape
through the openings at 1, 1, 1, into the channels 5, 5, 5, formed around the
retort, and escape into the furnace through the jet holes at 5, 5, 5, and 6, 6.
Fig. 24 is an end view of a retort. I may
here observe that although a
great variety of retorts might be described, I consider I have sufficiently
described the mode in which I propose to apply retorts in combination with all
existing furnaces, and they may be used in combination with the furnaces
shewn in Sheets 1, 2, 3.
Fig. 26, Sheet 3, is a sectional elevation of an arrangement and combina-
tion of furnaces and combustion chambers applied and arranged for a loco-
motive engine.
A and C are the furnaces, divided by the water space
partition B. A second water-space partition D, and which is formed with an
aperture E, divides the furnace C from the first or preparatory combustion
chamber F, which is connected with the second and final combustion cham-
ber G by the opening H, formed in the intervening water space 9, 9, a
circular ring 8, 8, being placed and fitted in the water space 9, 9, between the
chambers F and G, and all rivetted together. After the combustion chambers
F and G are placed in this position, the hole or entrance H leading into the
combustion chamber G may be made less than shewn, and the water space
9, 9, may be perforated by tubes all around it.
As represented in Fig. 27, the furnace A is covered over with arched fire
tiles 5, 5, with openings, grooves, or slots between them to allow the flame and
gases to pass into the furnace C, and for obtaining better combustion in the
furnace A it is lined all round with perforated fire tiles 10, 10, or fire tiles made
in such a manner as to fit together and so as to line or incase the furnace, and
having holes, grooves, or slots made in them that the heat and flame may pass
thro' and be brought into contact with the adjoining furnace C (and which may
be lined in a similar manner as the furnace A). There are a series of flat
vertical tiles 6, 6, placed in the chamber F, set apart so that the current of
flame and gases may enter between them in passing to the combustion cham-
ber G, which is also fitted and furnished with vertical fire tiles 7, 7, having
spaces between them; they are shewn curved out at each end at W, W, W,
and fitting between the ends of the combustion chamber G and the hanging
bridge H, so as to form chambers where the flame and gases may be better
mixed, but the ends of the fire tiles next the combustion chamber F may be
projected through the throat or opening H into the combustion chamber F, as

page_text: shewn by the black dotted lines; the combustion chamber F may have a
water-space bottom with a man-hole, or it may be formed of fire tiles with
openings arranged to admit either heated or cold air to assist and promote
combustion. The furnaces A and C are fitted with separate ash pans and
dampers. The combustion chambers G and F may be fitted with fire tiles of
any approved form or with any of the fire tiles before mentioned, and I propose
to use similar fire tiles to all existing combustion chambers, whether attached
to or connected with locomotive, stationary, or marine steam engine furnaces,
and in the arrangement of furnaces in combination with the combustion
chamber H, coming up close to the furnace C, as shown in Figs. 8, 9, 10, 11,
Sheet 2, and furnished with short tubes, and having the large flue or flues
or opening leading into the combustion chamber H. I also propose to let
the fire tiles 6, 6, which are inserted in the combustion chamber F, project into
the furnace C.
Fig. 28 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of the ordinary fire box or
furnace of a locomotive engine; and Fig. 29 is a vertical section of the
same. C is the transverse water-space partition, and the portion A is covered
over with flat perforated fire tiles 2, 2. The opening 4 in the top can be
covered over with the sliding tile 3, which is also perforated, and may be
made in two picces, and drawn to either side when it is required to charge the
furnace (thus formed) with fuel; there is a projecting piece 5 on the top of
the sliding pieces 3, 3, by which the fireman can move them with his fire bar
or shovel when necessary, and I propose to line the furnace A with vertical
and slanting fire tiles 11, 11, formed nearly in the same manner as before
described in Fig. 26. The top or covering of the furnace A may be made
with deep vertical fire tiles as shewn at 6, 6, with openings between them,
instead of the flat fire tiles 2, 2, before described; and the furnace B may be
lined with fire tiles as before described, in the various furnaces and combustion
chambers.
The transverse section, Fig. 29, shews both the flat fire tiles and sliding
lids, and the vertical fire tiles 6, 6; it will be seen by inspecting both
Figs. 28 and 29, that the furnaces A and B can be supplied with coal and
coke or other fuel through the external fire door 1, which is common to both.
I propose by this arrangement and combination of perforated fire tiles just
described to use coal in the furnace A and coke in the furnace B, and the
action of the furnaces A and B is as follows:-The furnace B being charged
with coke and lighted up, the furnace A is then charged with coal, when the
gases and flame thrown off are well mixed in passing thro' the perforated and
heated fire tiles 2, 2, or 6, 6, before it enters into the furnace B, and passing

page_text: over and among the burning coke, the combustion of the gases is completed
before entering the tubes in the boiler.
Fig. 30 is a longitudinal, and Fig. 31, a transverse section, shewing a
modification and arrangement of furnaces and combustion chambers applicable
for stationary steam engines. A and C are furnaces divided by the slanting
fire-brick or water-space partition B. The bridge D is slanting also, and
made of fire tiles or fire bricks. The object of slanting the bridges
B and D is for the purpose of obtaining a better mixture of the gases
thrown off the fuel, and this advantage may be further increased by narrowing
the passages over the bridges B and D, by placing projecting fire tiles
with openings between them in a similar manner as shewn by the dotted
lines over the bridge D, which represent vertical tiles standing upon it, and
nearly touching the boiler; the ends project longitudinally under the boiler
and hang over the circular passage E, from which heated air escapes by perfo-
rations formed in it, and come into contact with the flame and gases issuing
between the vertical fire tiles from the furnaces A and C. The chamber F is
formed by the slanting bridge D and the bridge G, which is formed of solid
fire tiles about half its depth from the under side of the boiler, and the
remaining half underneath is formed by placing fire tiles in a vertical position,
having spaces between them so that they form a sort of grating through which
the flame and gases pass, and entering into the next chamber HI, which is
formed by vertical fire tiles W placed between the boiler and the brick work
underneath, and having openings between them, the flames and gases enter
into the adjoining chamber X, from whence entering into the tubes they pass
on to the chamber Z at the other end of the boiler, from whence the flame
returns by the side flues towards the chimney. The circular chamber E is
supplied with heated air by the pipes 4, 4, (which is an application of part of
Letters Patent granted me on the Eleventh day of January, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-three,) which escapes through the perforations formed
in it and enters into combustion with the flame and gases. The ashpit J is
provided with a close fitting door 2, and with an aperture K. communicating
with the pipes 3, 3, by which heated air, as before alluded to, can be admitted.
I propose to charge the furnaces A and C alternately with coals; and the
construction of the furnaces A and C can be varied to suit circumstances,
still keeping to the chief mode and design of the managements and com-
binations of chambers, partitions, or bridges and flues, as before shewn and
described.
Fig. 32, Sheet 3, is a longitudinal section; and Fig. 33, a transverse
section of a marine boiler with combustion chambers and fire tiles, and with

page_text: the furnaces in combination. In Fig. 32, A is the furnace, and B the bridge,
with vertical fire tiles (as shewn by the dotted lines) standing on it and placed
apart from each other, having openings between them for the flame and gases
to pass thro' into the combustion chamber C, and striking against the hanging
bridge D are deflected downwards.
There are a number of vertical fire tiles E, E, placed between the hanging
bridge D and the water space F, having openings between them to allow the
flame to rise and fill the chamber G, from whence entering the tubes it passes
through the boiler. The fire tiles E, E, may be perforated so that the flame
and gases may be better mixed, or the fire tiles may be placed in a slanting
position so as to intercept the current of flame, and thereby give more time for
combustion. And with a view to obtain this desideratum it will be seen that
in the transverse section, Fig. 33, a modification consisting of arched fire
tiles 1, 1, 1, is shewn placed beneath the vertical fire tiles E, E. The arches
are open at the bottom, and the object they are intended to effect is to obtain
a better mixing and mingling of the flame and gases together from the adjoin-
ing furnaces, as well as to secure a more circuitous route and extended surface
of hot tiles, and by which more favourable results are produced in the ignition
of the gases, and the result is the absence of smoke.
Fig. 34, Sheet 4, is a longitudinal section of a furnace and boiler for a
stationary engine with the retorts applied. Fig. 34 a is a transverse section,
in which it will be seen the boiler E is set over two furnaces A and B. Cisa
central longitudinal fire-brick bridge, upon which the central retort D is
placed; there are alternate openings left between the retort and bridge for the
flame of either furnace to pass under the retort; there are two other
retorts D, D, which are attached to and in connection with the central retort.
The retorts D, D, D, are set in the brick work immediately over the furnaces
A and B, and the external end will be furnished with doors of the ordinary
construction to close them up air-tight, and their internal ends shewn left
open may be made similar to any of the various examples of retorts shewn in
Figs. 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, and 25, as applied to the furnaces for locomotive
engines, and can be supported on a similar bridge, as shewn in Figs. 20 and 21,
Sheet 3. The pipes F and G in the side flue N, N, are connected to the
chambers K and L, and the pipe H is open to the atmosphere, with branches
leading into the pipes F and G, and the air is heated while passing through
them into the chambers L and K to support combustion.
Various arrangements and modifications of retorts may be made and applied
both to stationary and marine furnaces, both as to the number of retorts set under
the boilers in combination with the furnaces for the generation of steam, and

page_text: although only one is given as applied to furnaces for stationary engines, many
and various examples could be shewn, but what I wish to be understood by
the sections now described is, the application and use of retorts in connection
and combination with stationary and marine furnaces for the generation of
steam.
Having described my improvements in furnaces and boilers for economising
fuel in the generation of steam, I proceed now to describe and state my
im-
provements relative to the treatment of steam, and these consist in certain
modes and combinations of apparatus by which the caloric of the exhaust
steam from the cylinders is to be used to heat and raise the temperature of the
feed water for the boiler, and also the temperature of the atmospheric air before
it enters the furnaces and combustion chambers, by which means the exhaust
steam is condensed and reduced to hot water to be pumped into the boiler
or otherwise. Drawings illustrative of various apparatus are exhibited on
Sheet 5.
Fig. 35 shews an arrangement and combination of apparatus for heating
the feed water whilst passing to feed the boiler, and for condensing the exhaust
steam for the supply of the feed pump. B, B, is a vessel formed into two
chambers B, B, and C, C, by the partition 3, 3; the ends of both chambers are
covered with the plates 2, 2, which are perforated to admit the tubes 1, 1, 1, 1,
that are situated in and run through the chamber B, B. The spherical covers
at each end form the inlet chamber E and the outlet chamber F. A is a branch
pipe communicating by any convenient means with the exhaust steam pipe of
the steam engine cylinders, by which the exhaust steam is admitted into the
chamber B, and the tubes 1, 1, 1, 1, are completely enveloped, and passing
thro' the perforated baffle plates 5, 5, 5, is condensed in the chamber C, C, by
the cold water discharged thro' the jet pipe 4, 4, into the chamber C. The hot
water thus produced is conveyed to the hot water pump by the outlet pipe D,
to be used in supplying the boiler, or to be conveyed to the water tank. E is
the inlet chamber to receive the heated water from the hot water pump; and
F is the chamber from which the water, after having been heated the second
time whilst passing thro' the tubes 1, 1, 1, 1, is delivered by a branch pipe to
the boiler.
Fig. 36 is a transverse section of Fig. 35.
Fig. 37 is a Drawing shewing another modification and variety of the appa-
ratus just described, in which the condensing chamber C, C, is formed outside
of the chamber B, B; they communicate with each other by a space or series
of perforations above the the partition 3, 3, and the exhaust steam enters above
the perforated baffle plates 5, 5, and as it enters the chainber C, C, is condensed

page_text: by the jet pipe 4, 4, and the water passing through the tubes 1, 1, 1, 1, is heated
and delivered to the boiler, as before described.
Fig. 38 is a transverse section of Fig. 37; and the action of these apparatus
in the treatment and use of the exhaust steam is as follows:-The jet pipe 4, 4,
is connected to the cold water pump of a locomotive, stationary, or marine
engine, and the jets of cold water from such pumps being thrown amongst the
exhaust steam which flows from the steam cylinders thro' the exhaust steam
pipes into the chamber B, from thence into the condensing chamber C, C,
where condensation is effected, and the heated water produced thereby falls to
the bottom of the condenser, and is conveyed by any convenient pipe to what I
call "the hot water pump," which receives it and pumps it back again to the
heating apparatus thro' the inlet chamber E, and thence by a slow progression
through the whole series of tubes 1, 1, 1, 1, which being surrounded by the
exhaust steam, and presenting a large surface to its action, and the water being
divided into small volumes in the small pipes 1, 1, 1, obtains and absorbs a
great amount of heat from the steam, and is finally delivered into the boiler
by the outlet chamber and pipe F at about the same temperature as the
surrounding steam; the surplus hot water is carried off by a convenient pipe
to the hot water tank.
Fig. 39 represents another heating and condensing apparatus. A. is the
pipe connecting the chamber B with the exhaust steam pipe of the engine. In
the chamber B is situated and fixed a coil of piping C, one end being jointed
to the cover of the chamber B and the pipe A, and the other end of the coil
of piping C terminates in the chamber D. The partition 1, 1, 1, which divides
the chambers B and D, is perforated by a number of small holes. 2, 2, is a
cold water jet pipe leading into the chamber B. E is an outlet pipe which
conveys the hot water to the hot water pump.
Fig. 40 is a modification of apparatus shewn at Fig. 39, wherein three or
more coils of pipes C, C, C, are used instead of the single coil before described
in Fig. 40. It will be seen on inspection of the Drawings that the coils
C, C, C, terminate in the perforated partition 1, 1, 1, 1, and lead into the
chamber D, and the chamber 3, 3, into which the exhaust steam is conveyed
from the exhaust steam pipe by the pipe A, and is distributed through the
coils C, C, C. The operation of both these apparatus is as follows:-The
exhaust steam from the exhaust steam pipe of the engine being conveyed by
the pipe A into the coil of piping C in Fig. 39, and into the chamber 3, 3, 3,
and the coils of piping C, C, C, in Fig. 40, the jets of water being discharged
by the pipes 2, 2, into the chamber B, and thrown amongst the heated coils C,
in Fig. 39, and C, C, C, in Fig. 40, absorbing the caloric imparted by the

page_text: steam passing through them, which causes a partial condensation; but which
condensation is completed by the injected water in the chamber B passing
through the perforated diaphragms 1, 1, 1, entering along with the steam into
the chambers D; the hot water thus produced is conveyed to the hot water
pump for constant use for feeding the steam boiler or for the supply of water
for that purpose.
Fig. 41 is another modification of heating and condensing apparatus. A is
the pipe connecting the vessel or chamber B with the exhaust steam pipe of
the engine, as before described; the space around the chamber B is formed by
a cast iron casing constructed of two half spherical pieces flanged and bolted
together, as shewn in Fig. 42, which is a section through the line C, B, C, in
Fig. 41. D is an inlet pipe to allow the water to enter the annular chamber.
C, C, which encircles the steam chamber B; and E is an outlet pipe leading
to the hot water pump or direct to the steam boiler; F, F, is another outlet
pipe which conveys the exhaust steam into the water tank, or the water pro-
duced by the condensed exhaust steam in the chamber B into the water tank,
such condensed steam being caused by the action and passage of the cold water
through the chamber C, C. If the water thus produced by the condensed.
exhaust steam is not required it may be allowed to escape by the pipe F, F,
being cut off from the communication with the water tank, as before
described.
Fig. 43 is a modification of the heating apparatus shewn in Fig. 41, the
steam chamber B and water chamber C being cylindrical, instead of globular,
the construction being somewhat similar, that is, being formed in halves, and
fitted together by flanges, as described in Figures 41 and 42. The action of
both apparatus shewn in Figs. 41 and 43 is as follows:-The central steam
chambers B, B, are supplied with exhaust steam the pipes A, A, as before
described, and the cold water from the water tank in its passage to the pump
enters by the inlet pipes D, D, when circulating and ascending through the
chamber C, C, is drawn or conveyed to the pump by the outlet pipes E, E, and
delivered to the steam boiler direct, or the water may be further heated by.
being passed thro' any of the heating apparatus before described.
Figs. 46 and 47 shew a sectional plan and elevation of an apparatus in
connexion with the exhaust steam pipe and blast pipe, wherein A, A, is an
annular chamber provided with a circular chamber B and outlet chamber C,,
also with a series of circulating tubes 1, 1, 1, fixed in the top and bottom plates
forming the chamber A, A; the apertures 2, 2, 2, are formed to allow the
steam from the blast pipe 3, or the steam from, the exhaust steam. pipe, to
enter the chamber A, A, and to surround the tubes 1, 1, 1, in the chamber A, A.
B

page_text: The action of this heating apparatus is as follows:-The water delivered from
the feed pumps is received by the inlet pipe B', and the inlet chamber B, is
distributed through the series of tubes 1, 1, 1, into the chamber C, and by the
pipe C¹ delivered to the steam boiler. In using this apparatus the pumps
may be kept constantly at work, and the surplus water not required for feeding
or supplying the boiler may be returned to the water tank and thereby be used
in raising the temperature of the water for continual use; or, instead of the
pipes 1, 1, 1, a coil or coils of spiral pipes may be used, somewhat similar to
that shewn in Figs. 39 and 40, the exhaust steam passing through them. Or
by another arrangement the feed water from the feed pumps may pass through
the coil of pipes, and the steam allowed to pass around the pipes and fill the
chamber A; this combined arrangement of apparatus may be situated in any
position in the smoke box or in the bottom of the chimney, or it may form a
base for the chimney to stand on, or it may surround the chimney at the base,
or be placed in any position in the height of the chimney, and the exhaust
steam can be conveyed from the chamber A, A, to any convenient distance for
condensation, either in the water tank or in any other chamber or vessel, for
the use of the steam boiler.
I will now proceed to describe an arrangement and combination of apparatus
for heating the feed water for supplying the steam boiler, and for heating the
atmospheric air before entering the furnaces, by absorbing caloric from the
exhaust steam, by which combustion will be promoted and economy of fuel
obtained in the generation of steam.
Fig. 44 is an enlarged Drawing of a general sectional elevation of such a
combined apparatus. B, B, is the heating chamber, provided with a series of
small tubes 1, 1, 1, fixed in the tube plates 2, 2; the inlet pipe 3 is in con-
nexion with the exhaust steam pipe or blast pipe, and admits the exhaust
steam into the chamber B, B; the outlet pipe 4 communicates with the
chamber H, H, which will be hereafter described, thro' the inlet water pipe C';
the water from the feed pump is delivered into the chamber C, and distributed
thro' the small tubes 1, 1, 1, before described, and thence into the outlet
chamber A, and through the pipe A¹ is delivered into the steam boiler; the
chamber H, H, before mentioned is in connection with the chamber B, B, by
the outlet pipe 4, and jointed to the inlet pipe 5; the chamber H, H, is
furnished with tubes 6, 6, 6, fixed into the tube plates 7, 7. The funnel
mouth J is for receiving the air to be conveyed through the tubes 6, 6, into
the chamber G, from whence it is delivered or conveyed into the ash pan
of the furnace or into the furnace or combustion chambers by the pipe G¹,
and the quantity of air to be admitted can be regulated by the throttle valve-13.

page_text: The outlet pipe 8, leading from the chamber H, H, allows the steam to pass
into the pipes E, D; in the latter is inserted the injection pipe 10, and the
overflow pipe F at the bottom of the condensing pipe or chamber D conveys
the condensed steam and hot water to the hot water pumps or to the water
tank. Another arrangement of apparatus or mode of condensing the exhaust
steam thus used after heating the air is shewn in combination with the
chamber H, H, and consists of a chamber K. in connection with the chamber
H, H, by the outlet pipe 9. An injection pipe 11 is inserted into the
chamber K, and by the outlet pipe L the condensed steam and hot water is
conveyed to the hot water pump or water tanks, as before described. The
cock -12 is for the purpose of drawing-off any-water which may be formed
in the chamber H, H, by the action of the air in entering and passing through
the pipes 6, 6, 6. The action of this combined arrangement of apparatus for
the absorption of heat from the exhaust steam, to be used in heating the feed
water for the steam boiler and in heating the atmospheric air before being
admitted into the furnaces or combustion chambers before described, to
support and promote combustion, is as follows:-The exhaust steam from the
cylinders or exhaust steam pipes is conveyed by the pipe 3 into the heating
chamber B, B, and the water from the feed pump is sent through the feed
pump, is sent thro' the pipe C', into the chamber C, and distributed through
the small tubes 1, 1, 1, and as they are surrounded with the exhaust steam
the water absorbs the caloric from the steam whilst passing through the tubes
1, 1, 1, on its way to the boiler by the pipe A; the exhaust steam passing on
to the chamber H, H, by the pipes 4 and 5, and surrounding the tubes 6, 6,
through which the atmospheric air enters into the furnace by the action of
the blast pipe, the caloric of the steam is absorbed by the air whilst passing
through the tubes O, O, and entering into the furnaces in a heated state will
promote combustion with great advantage; the steam flows on, and passing
through the outlet pipe 8, enters the condensing apparatus D by the pipe E,
where it is finally condensed by the cold water thrown in by the injection pipe
10, and the hot water thus produced is conveyed to the hot water pump by
the pipe F, and forced from the hot water pump, passes through the pipe C',
is redistributed through the tubes 1, 1, 1, 1, and delivered to the steam boiler
by the pipe A. The operation of condensing the exhaust steam in the con-
densing chamber K is performed in a similar manner as just described.
In Fig. 48 is represented the combined apparatus shewn in Fig. 44 applied
to a locomotive engine; the globular heating and condensing chamber shewn
in Fig. 41 is used in this arrangement, (but any of the other apparatus for
the same purpose may be employed,) and the exhaust steam is conveyed by
DO

page_text: a
the pipe 3 from the exhaust steam pipe to the steam chamber B, as shown
.by dotted lines, and the cold water is delivered by the pipe O, O, into the
circular chamber C which surrounds the steam chamber B, and by the pipe 2
is conveyed to the hot water pump D, and delivered to the boiler through the
pipe 5 and valve 7; the cold water may be delivered by the pipe 14, shewn in
red lines, into the chamber C, and ascending through it, is drawn to the hot
water pump D by the pipe 15, also shewn in red lines, and delivered to the
.boiler as before. The water produced by the condensed steam in the chamber
B may be conveyed by a pipe into another chamber, which can be arranged
to receive and contain both the hot water from the heating chamber C and
that from the condensed steam, and both used to supply the hot water pump
for feeding the boiler; or by another mode the exhaust steam passing from
the blast pipe 4 into the heating chamber B may be conveyed by
pipe and
delivered over into the water tank, and there condensed for use; or by another
mode the exhaust steam from the chamber B may be conveyed by a pipe into
another chamber or vessel into which water from the water tank may be
conveyed or delivered, and distributed by a perforated plate over and among
the exhaust steam, by which it will be condensed. The heating chambers B
and C may be situated underneath the smoke box of the engine or any other
convenient place or position, and the feed water forced through the heating
chamber C, as shewn in Fig. 41, into the boiler, and the exhaust steam for
heating the feed water may then be conveyed from the steam chamber B by
a pipe to the tender or other vessel. before described, or delivered to the
atmosphere, or delivered into the chamber H, which is furnished with tubes
to allow the air to pass through them, as before described in Fig. 44, to be
used for heating the air to support and promote combustion in the furnaces
and combustion chambers; by the valve 8, worked by the rod 10, the air is
admitted into the air pipe or conductor G', terminating in the ash pan 12; the
exhaust steam may be admitted into the chamber H either through the heat-
ing chamber C, or direct from the bottom of the exhaust steam pipe close to
the steam cylinders, as shewn at 13, for the purpose of heating and raising the
temperature of the air to the highest degree for combustion in the furnaces;
or by another arrangement of treating the exhaust steam it may be taken
direct from the exhaust steam pipe at 13, into the chamber H, from whence
it will flow into the chamber B, and be taken from thence by a pipe into
the cold water tank of the engine, where it will be condensed; the water for
the supply of the boiler passing through the pipe 0, 0, 0, to be heated in the
chamber and delivered to the boiler, as before described. Another chamber
similar to H, fitted with tubes in like manner to heat the air, may be placed

page_text: close to the ash pan, and the steam from the chamber H allowed to pass into
it, so as to give greater or increased heat to the air, and the steam may be
conveyed to the water tank through the heating chamber B, as before described,
or taken by pipes direct to the water tank, or conveyed to a vessel or chamber
where cold water is supplied or discharged into it. by a distributer, and con-
densed for the use of the hot water pump to supply the boiler. The cock 9
is to allow any condensed steam to be drawn out of the chamber II. If the
heating chamber B should not be used, the exhaust steam may be taken direct
from the exhaust steam pipe at 13, into the chamber H, for heating the air,
and a pipe W, W, represented by the dotted lines, leading to the blast pipe, to
convey the steam again into the exhaust steam pipe at 4. I could shew various
other arrangements and combinations of apparatus for treating and using the
exhaust steam, for heating and raising the temperature of the atmospheric air
to promote combustion in the furnaces, and for heating and raising the tem-
perature of the feed water for the boiler, but enough has been exhibited by
the accompanying Drawings to shew what I wish to be understood to claim
as my improvements for the treatment of steam.
;
In Fig. 45 is shewn another arrangement for heating the feed water for
supplying the boiler of a locomotive engine. A represents the exhaust steam
pipe B, a cylindrical chamber; and C, a pipe connecting them together; E is
a jet pipe leading from the cold water force pump into the chamber B, and as
the exhaust steam enters the chamber B, it is condensed by the jets of cold water
discharged from the jet pipe E, and the hot water thus produced is conveyed
into the pump D by the pipe 1, 1, and delivered into the boiler at the valve K;
by another mode the exhaust steam may be taken from the exhaust steam
pipe A, close to the steam cylinder, as shewn by the pipe L in dotted lines.
and the cold water jet pipe leading from the pump enters the chamber B,
shewn by the dotted lines M, and as the exhaust steam enters the chamber B
by the pipe I, it is condensed by the jet of cold water discharged from the
jet pipe M, and the hot water thus produced is conveyed into the pump D by
the pipe 1, 1, and delivered into the steam boiler by the valve K, as before
described. The apparatus shewn in Figures 35, 37, 39, 40, and 41, may be
applied and placed in any convenient situation, as before described. The
treating and using the exhaust steam in this arrangement of apparatus, and
inole of heating the feed water of a locomotive engine, is applicable for
heating the feed water to all sorts of engine boilers, whether stationary or
marine, and although shewn in Fig. 48 as situated or attached at the side of
a locomotive engine boiler, it may be situated and attached beneath the smoke
box, or in any other convenient situation.

page_text: Any of the heating and condensing apparatus chambers shewn in Figs. 35,
37, 39, 40, and 41, may be used instead of that shewn as applied to a locomotive
engine in Figs. 45 and 48.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict
myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to
describe or refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without
deviating from the principles or main features of my said Invention; but what
I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,―
First, the general arrangement and construction of furnaces for steam boilers,
as herein-before described.
Second, the employment and use of retorts in connection with steam boiler
furnaces for the purposes herein-before described.
Third, the herein-before described construction and arrangement of retorts
for the purposes aforesaid.
Fourth, the employment and use of fire tiles, lumps, columns, tubes, and
gratings in connection with steam boilers for locomotive and other engines, in
the modes and for the purpose herein-before described.
Fifth, the herein-before described peculiar arrangements and construction
of apparatus for heating the feed water of steam boilers previous to such feed
water entering the boiler.
Sixth, the employment of waste or exhaust steam from the steam cylinders
in and to heating the atmospheric air previous to its entering the furnace or
furnaces.
Seventh, the herein-before described arrangement and construction of
apparatus for heating the atmospheric air which supplies combustion in steam
boiler furnaces.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Beattie, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the First day of August, One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-four.
JOSEPH BEATTIE. (L.S.)