Apparatus for Heating and Evaporating Fluids. the pit form of ni ponichasing sating it litt me the inter ai』
Year: 1840

page_text: M
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A.D: 1840 N° 8679
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Apparatus for Heating and Evaporating Fluids.
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EDWARDS SPECIFICATION.
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TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME,.I... HENRY
HIND EDWARDS of Nottingham Terrace, New Road, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Engineer; send greeting..
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WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster; the Fifth day of November, in the fourth year of Her-reign, did, for Her-
self; Her heirs and successors; give and grant unto me, the said Henry Hind:
Edwards, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that. I,
the said Henry Hind Edwards; my exors, adññors, and assigns, or such others.
as I; the said Henry Hind Edwards, my exors, adiñors, or assigns, should.at.
any time agree with, and no others; from time to time and at all times. during
the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, .use,.
exercise; and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, and in' all Her Majesty's Colonies & Plantations abroad, the Invention..
of "IMPROVEMENTS. IN EVAPORATION," communicated to me by a certain,
foreigner residing abroad; in..which said Letters Patent. is contained.. a.
proviso that I, the said Henry Hind Edwards;; shall cause a particular. descrip-
tion of the nature of the said Invention, and. in what manner.the..same.is.to
be performed, to be inrolled in, Her. said. Majesty's High Court of Chancery.
within six calendar months-next and, immediately after the date of the said ina
part recited-Letters Patent,ias in and by the same, reference being thereunto..
had, will more fully and at large appear; ....
'
NOW KNOW..YE, that in compliance.with the said proviso, I,.the said Henry:
Hind Edwards,-do-hereby declare the nature of the Invention; and the manner.

page_text: in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and ascertained in
and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawing
hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon (that is to
say):
The Invention relates to certain modes of improving the application of heat
so as to obtain greater results from a given quantity of fuel: And in order that
the Invention may be fully understood, I will first point out the principle of
action, and then explain the Invention, which consists of the application of such
principles by practical means in the evaporation of fluid. It will be found
that a liquid when heated up to its boiling temperature under the pressure of
the atmosphere, steam will be emitted; if this steam is taken and forced into a
worm or other apparatus contained in the heated liquid from which the steam
was generated, and if this steam was compressed until it acquires a pressure of
about one twelfth of an atmosphere greater than its pressure when occupying
the space in the evaporating vessel between the cover and the surface of the
heated liquid, the steam forced into the worm will, under such circumstances,
be entirely condensed by giving up its latent heat to the surrounding heated
liquid, and that at the rate of about 3lbs. of condensed steam per hour for
every square foot of the heating surface of the worm. The steam produced by
the evaporation of the heated liquid will thus by its condensation restore to the
heated liquid all the caloric abstracted from it as latent heat by the steam gene-
rated, and the evaporation of the heated liquid may thus be continued with the
assistance only of the power requisite to compress the steam in the worm or
other proper refrigerating apparatus, and the restitution of that quantity of
caloric which may have escaped from the apparatus by leakage or radiation.
The above result may be obtained by various means and apparatus depending
on the fluids to be heated, And in order that a workman may apply the
Invention to his particular purpose, I will now give such practical directions as
will enable him not only to understand the Invention generally, but be able to
vary the apparatus herein described, in order to render it suitable for the par-
ticular vessels to which he is desirous of applying the Invention.
Suppose an evaporating pan with an internal worm or series of pipes, offering
a sufficient heating surface, and closed by a cover, the edge of which dips into a
surrounding trough containing water or other liquid or fusible substance, or by
any other simple joint, it being easily made, in consequence of the absence of
internal pressure, which is determined by a light valve on the cover, so regulated
that it will open as soon as the internal pressure becomes greater than that of
the external atmosphere. An evaporating pan as above being prepared, I
apply a pump. for the purpose of drawing off the steam as fast as it is gene-

page_text: rated from the surface of the heated liquid in the pan, and to force the same
into the worm or other apparatus contained in the liquid, this worm having at
its lower extremity a valve to regulate the escape of the condensed steam, and
loaded so as to determine an internal pressure of from one twelfth to one sixth
of an atmosphere. I would here remark that the theoretical working of such
an apparatus would be such that, supposing the liquid in the pan to be heated
so as to produce an active ebullition, and the pump kept in motion, ebullition
would continue by the mere action of the pump, and without any additional
heat, if it were possible to prevent loss of heat by radiation and leakage; but
as heat will escape, all that can be done will be to protect the surfaces by non-
conducting materials, and it will be evident that great advantage will result
in evaporating fluids. The condensed steam that will escape from the valve at
the bottom of the worm, will serve by means of another worm in a separate
vessel, to heat the liquid to be evaporated previous to its introduction to the
evaporating pan, An evaporating apparatus may be composed of an upright
cylinder containing hollow lozenge-shaped chambers placed one above the
other. This form is very convenient for the purpose of distilling sea water, in
which case the pump may be worked by hand or otherwise. In the event of
the liquid to be evaporated leaving a deposit, the pan described by the annexed
Drawing may be used. This pan is shallow, and the heating surface is obtained
by a row of pipes connected to the steam pipe by the revolving joint, so that
the row of pipes may be risen by one end out of the pan for the facility of
cleansing the heated surface, and for removing the deposit from the bottom of
the
pan. When the object of evaporation is the precipitation of solid bodies,
the worm or other internal heating surface may be attached to the cover of
the pan and kept a certain distance from the bottom of the pan, so that the
precipitated substance (salt for example), may accumulate below without incon-
venience. Independent of the mechanical medium of the pump, or other con-
venient blowing machine, as above explained, to determine the action of the
steam obtained from the heated liquid in the pan, there is another method,
which I will describe, and which consists in using steam of an elastic pressure
of from three to five atmospheres in place of blowing machinery; a plan and an
elevation in section of apparatus for this purpose are shewn in Figures 1 & 2
of the annexed Drawing under the denomination of blast box, by which the
effect is produced by the mechanical agency of a blast of strong steam, and in
the following manner :-
A blast of strong steam thrown into a tube of greater area than that of
the blast itself possesses the two valuable properties of producing at one end
of the tube a partial vacuum and a corresponding pressure at the other end

page_text: thereof. If then the vacuum end of the tube is put in communication' with
the
pan above the surface of tlie heated liquid, the other end of the tube.being..
at the, same time connected with and producing a pressure in the worm. cón-:
tained in the heated liquid, the blast of. steam. will produce a similar effect to
that produced by, af pump;-as. above explained. The diameter of the blast-being. 5
to thoi diameter of the tuber into which, it rushes as one is to five, a partial
vacuum is obtained. behind the blast, and a pressure in front of it equal to a
column of mercury of: ani altitude of about eight.inches, and this..power: will
absorb.or. carry with it. into the tube.a quantity, of. free vapour equal to about?
four times its own-volume, so that for one.volume. of steam produced by-the. 1
blast itself; five volumes of vapour.will be.injected; into the worm, or refrige-.
rating apparatus .contained. in the heated..liquid.;..a certain proportion of the:
steam.employed.to. produce the blast, will pass through the worm, without.being
condensed;+and.will escape...with., the, condensedt steam.,through the pressure,
valve placed at the lower extremity of the worm,, from,whence it, can, be con... 1
veyed through the. liquid to be evaporated, of which it will, heat,up to..the.
boiling point.about six times.its, own,weight. It is obvious that, by varying.the.
proportions,,above-mentioned, between the area of the blast of, high, steam, and
the area of the tube through which it, rushes, a greater or, less,pressure, will, bo
obtained, and.consequently, the carrying off of free,vapour, will be varied. 20
.In-witness.whercof; I; the said Henry Hind Edwards; have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Third day of May, in the year, of our Lord:
One thousand eight hundred and forty-one..
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"HENRY HIND (L.s.) EDWARDS.
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"AND BE IT: REMEMBERED, that on the Third day of May, in the year 2
of our Lord 1841; the aforesaid Henry Hind Edwards came before our said,
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained and. specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute mado for that purpose
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Inrolled the Fifth day of May, in the year of our Lord 'One thousand
eight hundred and forty-one."
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