Im- PROVEMENTS IN THE LATERAL ACTION OR INDUCTION OF FLUIDS, AND IN THE APPARATUS OR MECHANISM EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Morton, of the City of Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineer, for the Invention of "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE LATERAL ACTION OR INDUCTION OF FLUIDS, AND IN THE
APPARATUS OR MECHANISM EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Morton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th July 1867.
I, ALEXANDER MORTON, of the City of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE LATERAL ACTION OR INDUCTION OF FLUIDS, AND
IN THE APPARATUS OR MECHANISM EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is
to say:-
This Invention consists mainly in the construction and arrangement of
apparatus by which certain currents of either elastic or liquid fluids or of gases
may communicate a simultaneous motion to other such fluids or gases by their
lateral action or induction through a tube or tubes increasing in area in a
certain ratio to the diminishing pressure of the escaping or acting fluid, and
the objects and advantages to be gained by the use of this Invention are its
application to steam engines and "injectors," whereby such steam engines and

page_text: "
"injectors" are made more perfect and economical in their working than has
heretofore been the case.
One application and arrangement of this said Invention consists in forming
the exhaust pipes of locomotives and other double cylinder high-pressure steam
engines where they are or may be joined together to exhaust through one
"common" pipe to be used for increasing the draught of the chimney or not
as desired, so that the escape or discharge nozzle for the exhaust steam from
one cylinder will be in the form of a central cylindrical nozzle, whilst that for
the exhaust from the other cylinder will be made annular and surround the
first-named nozzle; or otherwise both nozzles may be made annular with a
central spindle or core piece. Thus the exhaust steam from one cylinder will
pass out through the central orifice in the form of a cylindrical jet, and that
from the other cylinder will pass through the outer orifice in the form of an
annular jet surrounding the other, so that the steam from each cylinder is thus
alternately discharged through the lateral induction or current-inducing tube
or tubes, accordingly as one only or more than one tube is used, common to
both exhaust pipe, and thereby causes or induces a partial vacuum in the
exhaust pipes and exhaust side of the piston of the cylinders at each exhaust,
instead of a back pressure, as has heretofore been the case. In some cases
a pipe and orifice with a jet of high-pressure steam passing through it direct
from the boiler may be used controlled by a cock or valve in the centre of the
other jets for increasing the induced currents in the lateral induction pipe and
draught in the chimney when used for such a purpose either by itself or in
conjunction with the intermittent exhaust blasts of steam from the cylinders
through the other nozzles or orifices as desired when the engines were
working.
In low-pressure engines it is preferred to use water as the current-inducing
fluid, the nozzle for which may be so formed as to produce either a cylindrical
central jet or an annular jet, accordingly as desired, and the exhaust steam
may either surround the water or vice versa before entering the induction
tube, the internal curve of which may be varied to suit particular applications
and the different fluids or gases to be used. In this arrangement a full
vacuum may be obtained with a very low head of water, which water may be
raised by the direct action of a jet of steam from the boiler, and with a small
receiving nozzle a portion of the water may be fed into the steam boiler of the
engine or engines.
This Invention also includes the application and use of a lateral induction
tube or tubes in combination with the instruments for feeding boilers known
as "injectors," whereby they are rendered self-acting and may be wrought or

page_text: worked by the intermittent action of exbaust steam or with steam direct from
the boiler regulated by a boiler float or any other equivalent means of
admitting steam to the apparatus; and the chief novelty in this said arrange-
ment consists in so proportioning the area of the steam nozzle that a vacuum
is maintained at all times while the steam is "on" in the cold water pipe,
and there being no moveable parts but the regulating spindle or valve,
consequently jolting or priming cannot stop the working of the "injector "
apparatus or instruments, as has heretofore been the case with them when
being used.
One modification of the arrangement of parts under this portion of the said
Invention consists in forming a fixed steam nozzle of an annular form, within
which the cold water is admitted through a central nozzle regulated by a
central spindle or valve, and in front of the water nozzle a lateral induction
tube or tubes is or are arranged, and which it is preferred should be surrounded
or encased with hot steam direct from the boiler when the cold water to be
used is far below the level of the "injector" apparatus, and the encasing or
surrounding steam whilst forming the vacuum may escape in an annular stream
or form into the induction tube itself. The throat and check valve may be
the same as in other "injectors."
Under another modification of this arrangement of parts according to the
said Invention suitable for "injectors" for the boilers of stationary engines
the central spindle or valve when made to regulate the ingress of the water is
so situated and connected that when the water is in excess the water itself
closes the valve or spindle so as to regulate the quantity of water required by
means of a piston to which the valve or spindle is connected, the piston
working in connection with a supplementary intermediate chamber and extra
induction tube or nozzle where the excess of water causes a pressure within
the chamber, which forces out the piston so as to close or regulate the supply
of water, or vice versa, open the valve when the water is not in excess and
the pressure is removed off the chamber and piston.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alexander Morton, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
14th January 1868.
ma ATT MA
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alexander Morton, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
14th January 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALEXANDER
MORTON, of the City of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Engineer, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Alexander Morton, Her special licence that I, the said Alexander Morton,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Alexander Morton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE LATERAL ACTION OR INDUCTION OF FLUIDS, AND IN THE APPARATUS OR
MECHANISM EMPLOYED THEREFOR," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Alexander Morton, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alexander Morton, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to bo
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement in writing, reference being had to the accompanying Sheet of
Drawings and to the letters and numerals marked thereon, that is to say :-
My Invention consists mainly in the construction and arrangement of
apparatus by which certain currents of either elastic or liquid fluids or of
gases may communicate a simultaneous motion to other such fluids or
gases by their lateral action or induction through a tube or tubes increasing
in area in a certain ratio to the diminishing pressure of the escaping
or acting fluid, and the objects and advantages to be gained by the use of my
Invention are its application to steam engines and "injectors," whereby such
steam engines and "injectors are made more perfect and economical in their
working than has heretofore been the case.
"
One application and arrangement of my said Invention consists in forming
the exhaust pipes of locomotives and other double cylinder high-pressure
steam engines where they are or may be joined together to exhaust through
one "common pipe to be used for increasing the draught of the chimney
or not as desired, so that the escape or discharge nozzle for the exhaust steam
from one cylinder will be in the form of a central cylindrical nozzle, whilst
"

page_text: that for the exhaust from the other cylinder will be made annular and surround
the first-named nozzle, or otherwise both nozzles may be made annular with
a central spindle or core piece. Thus the exhaust steam from one cylinder will
pass out through the central orifice in the form of a cylindrical jet, and that from
the other cylinder will pass through the outer orifice in the form of an annular jet
surrounding the other, so that the steam from each cylinder is thus alternately
discharged through the lateral induction or current inducing tube or tubes,
accordingly as one only or more than one tube is used common to both exhaust
pipes, and thereby causes or induces a partial vacuum in the exhaust pipes and
exhaust side of the pistons of the cylinders at each exhaust, instead of a back
pressure as has heretofore been the case. In some cases a pipe and orifice,
with a jet of high-pressure steam passing through it direct from the boiler,
may be used, controlled by a cock or valve in the centre of the other jets for
increasing the induced currents in the lateral induction pipe and draught in
the chimney when used for such a purpose, either by itself or in conjunction
with the intermittent exhaust blasts of steam from the cylinders through the
other nozzles or orifices when the engines were working as desired. In low-
pressure engines I prefer to use water as the current-inducing fluid, the
nozzle for which may be so formed as to produce either a cylindrical, central
jet or an annular jet, whichever is desired, and the exhaust steam may either
surround the water or vice versa before entering the induction tube, the
internal curve of which may be varied to suit particular applications and the
different fluids or gases to be used. In this arrangement a full vacuum may
be obtained with a very low head of water, which water may be raised by the
direct action of a jet of steam from the boiler, and with a small receiving
nozzle a portion of the water may be fed into the steam boiler of the engine
or engines.
My said Invention also includes the application and use of a lateral induction
tube or tubes in combination with the instruments for feeding boilers known
as "injectors," whereby they are rendered self-acting, and may be made to
work by the intermittent action of exhaust steam or with steam direct from
the boiler, regulated by a boiler float or any other equivalent means of admitting
steam to the apparatus. And the chief novelty in this said arrangement consists
in so proportioning the area of the steam nozzle that a vacuum is maintained
at all times while the steam is "on" in the cold water pipe, and there being
no moveable parts but the regulating spindle or valve consequently jolting or
priming cannot stop the working of the "injector" apparatus or instruments,
as has heretofore been the case with them when being used.
One modification of the arrangement of parts under this portion of my said

page_text: Invention consists in forming a fixed steam nozzle of an annular form, within
which the cold water is admitted through a central nozzle regulated by
a central spindle or valve, and in front of the water nozzle a lateral induction
tube or tubes is or are arranged, and which I prefer should be surrounded or
encased with hot steam direct from the boiler when the cold water to be
used is far below the level of the "injector" apparatus, and the encasing or
surrounding steam whilst forming the vacuum may escape in an annular
stream or form into the induction tube itself. The throat and check valve
may be the same as in other "injectors."
Under another modification of this arrangement of parts according to my
said Invention, suitable for "injectors" for the boilers of stationary engines,
the central spindle or valve when made to regulate the ingress of the water
is so situated and connected that when the water is in excess the water
itself closes the valve or spindle, so as to regulate the quantity of water
required by means of a piston to which the valve or spindle is connected, the
piston working in connection with a supplementary intermediate chamber
and extra induction tube or nozzle, when the excess of water causes a pressure
within the chamber which forces out the piston so as to close or regulate the
supply of water, or vice versa, open the valve when the water is not in excess,
and the pressure is removed off the chamber and piston.
And in order that my said Invention, and the manner of performing the
same, may be properly understood, I shall now proceed to describe the several
Figures on the explanatory Sheet of Drawings which I have hereunto
appended for the purpose of showing what I at present believe to be the best
modifications and arrangements for practically performing or carrying the
several improvements contained in my said Invention into effect or practice.
Figures 1 and 2 are respectively a partial transverse and a longitudinal
section of the smoke box end of an outside cylinder railway locomotive steam
engine, sufficient to illustrate one modification of apparatus, also shown in
section, constructed in accordance with the improvements under the first
part of my said Invention, adapted for and applied to the induction of the
eduction currents of steam in the exhaust pipes of double cylinder high-pressure
steam engines.
Figures 3 and 4 are similar sectional views of the improvements shown in
Figures 1 and 2, but slightly modified from those, and shown applied to the
exhaust or eduction pipes of the inside cylinders of a locomotive steam engine.
In each of the two arrangements shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3, 4, A is the
exhaust pipe from one cylinder, and B the exhaust pipe from the other
cylinder, both alternately discharging the exhaust or waste steam from their

page_text: respective cylinders through the induction tube or pipe C which is common
to both. The exhaust steam on leaving the pipe A takes the form of a central
jet, whilst that from the other pipe B takes the form of an annular jet round
the central one A, the areas of both orifices being nearly equal and somewhat less
than the least area of the induction tube C at the throat C¹. The lateral
action of the exhaust steam from the central jet or ofifice A in passing through
the induction tube C induces a partial vacuum in the pipe B, and that from
the annular jet B produces an equal vacuum in the pipe A respectively, and
alternately as the exhaust steam is allowed to escape from the respective
cylinders; and this alternate drawing action, or any increase either in the
pressure of the exhaust steam or in the velocity of the engine, produces a
corresponding or an increased vacuum on the back of the steam piston
alternately and respectively instead of a back pressure as heretofore. Although
the central jet is shown as cylindrical it is to be understood that it or both
jets or other number of these jets when more are used may be made annular
when desired by the use of a central cylindrical or annular metal spindle,
either fixed or adjustable, or the central one A may be made annular by the
use of the usual blow pipe placed as shown at a in Figures 1 and 2, furnished
with a cock for the purpose of inducing a draught or current in the fire-box
and through the tubes and chimney by a jet of steam direct from the boiler
when the engines are not at work, or to increase the vacuum or draught as
described at other times when desired.
In Figures 3 and 4, which represent a modification as applied to internal
cylinder locomotive engines, the same letters of reference indicating corres-
ponding parts with those shown and described in reference to Figures 1 and 2,
it will be seen that the induction tube C is made much longer than in the
first modification shown in Figures 1 and 2, showing the essential increasing
area and the curvilineal construction of its internal surface from the throat C¹
upwards.
Figures 5 and 6 are longitudinal sections of two different modifications of
apparatus constructed in accordance with and illustrative of my said improve-
ments as applicable to and for the purpose of inducing eduction currents or
vacuum in the exhaust pipes of double cylinder low-pressure or condensing
steam engines.
In the modification of my said Invention as adapted for a pair of low-
pressure or condensing steam engines represented in Figures 5 and 6, A is the
exhaust pipe of one cylinder and B that of the other, and C the induction
tube, while D is the injection branch pipe through which the condensing or
injection water enters the apparatus, which takes the form of a central jet at.

page_text: the nozzle E. This central jet of water through the nozzle E is maintained
when the engines are working by the alternate discharge of steam from the
cylinders at the pipes A and B, and on starting the engines the jet of water
may be produced by a central jet of steam through the pipe F and duplex or
cased nozzle F¹ direct from the boiler regulated by a valve or cock, which
may be closed as the engines increase in speed. The water passing through
the centre of the apparatus gets an impulse from the annular jet of steam
at A', which produces a vacuum in the pipe B, and a similar impulse produced
from B produces a vacuum in the pipe A respectively and alternately as the
steam escapes from the two cylinders. When a head of water of about seven
or eight feet can be obtained the central steam jet at F₁ may be dispensed
with altogether, or when a pump is used for forcing the central jet of water
through the nozzle E and apparatus it may be advisable or necessary to use a
regulating spindle, as shown at G in Figure 6, so that it may be adjusted to
regulate the inlet flow of water in an annular jet or stream to suit the speed
of the water from the pump.
Figure 7 is a vertical section of a liquid current-inducing apparatus con-
structed in accordance with and illustrative of one modification of my said
Invention or improvements as applicable to and for the raising of water and
other liquids direct through tubes or pipes either for supplying a head of
water for working the former modification of these improvements shown in
Figures 5 and 6, or for raising water or other liquids generally for the various
purposes for which such raising of liquids is required. The apparatus shown
in Figure 7 as applied for the raising of water may be placed in the main
range or length of pipes through which the water is to be raised at any
distance above the surface of the water to be raised within the limits of that
due to any ordinary lifting pump, and the height to which that water can be
raised in the pipes above it depends wholly on the velocity of the actuating
steam used and entering at the branch pipe A which may be regulated by a
valve or cock so as to act with any desired lateral force through the annular
narrow jet round the end of the central nozzle E', through which the water
passes up the main pipe D¹ in a cylindrical stream or column forced and drawn
in through the short induction central tube or nozzle a' by the said annular
jet of steam, and thence up through the main long induction tube or pipe C;
the small induction tube a¹ by preference being cased as shown, the small
portion of condensed steam on the outer surface of the tube is forced through
the annular slit or jet at its end into the neck C of the induction tube C,
which expands in area in an increasing curve, as herein-before described in
reference to the former modification shown in Figures 3 and 4, and also

page_text: indicated clearly in the modifications delineated in Figures 5 and 6. A Interal
branch pipe d' is made to lead into the main water pipe D¹ close below the
nozzle E¹, which is to be fitted with a cock for experimental purposes, though
this cock is not shown in the Figure.
Figures 8, 9, and 10 are each vertical sections of slightly different construc-
tions of "injectors" for feeding water into steam boilers, or liquids into other
vessels under pressure constructed in accordance with and illustrative of three
different modifications of the improvements in reference to injectors contained in
my said Invention, the same reference letters indicating similar parts in all the
Figures. That shown in Figure 8 represents an improved construction of
apparatus in which a very low pressure of steam may produce a very high pres-
sure of or in the water or other liquid passed through it, which steam may have
performed a previous purpose before entering the apparatus. In this apparatus
the actuating steam enters at the lateral branch pipe A and escapes in an
annular jet at A¹ into the inducing tube C. The lateral action of the steam
in passing through the tube C induces a vacuum in the liquid chamber and
branch pipe D, which vacuum produces motion in the liquid, so as to raise it
through the conducting pipes to the branch pipe D from some depth below
that of the apparatus. The water or other liquid in rushing through the
nozzle E¹ is surrounded by the steam, which condenses, and in so doing con-
tracts the stream or jet of liquid, and at the same time increases its velocity
sufficient or so as to pass through the throat H and thence through the check
valve I and branch pipe J into the boiler or other vessel under pressure.
will be understood therefore that in this improved construction of injector the
water usually lost at the overflow chamber and brauch K is saved, and that
by enlarging the area of the annular steam jet at A', and at the same time
diminishing that of the throat H an apparatus of this construction could be
made to produce an enormous pressure and velocity of the liquid with a very
low pressure of steam There are no moveable parts required in this arrange-
ment just described in reference to Figure 8, unless the pressure of the steam
used is very variable, then in that case a cock, valve, or other equivalent
description of regulator may be placed on or in either the steam or liquid
conduit or connections of the apparatus. One regulator of this kind is indicated
by a throttle valve at 9 in the branch pipe D which when required may be
set to adjust the quantity or inlet flow of liquid to the apparatus to suit any
variation in the pressure of the inlet flow of steam being used; so that unlike
all other injectors the steam in this improved construction of the parts will at
all times and continually when set on to pass into the injector induce a
vacuum in the liquid chamber and conduit D, whether the liquid be present.
It

page_text: therein or not, which consitutes the chief feature of advantage, utility, and
novelty in this and the other new or improved constructions and arrangements
of injectors and their parts herein described and to be described and shown in
accordance with my said Invention. The throat H and check valve I,
Figure 8, are much of the usual construction, except that the valve is so
arranged as to be accessible at all times by the unscrewing of of the plug I¹ for
the quick cleaning of the working parts of the valve and removal of any deposit
which may lodge there.
The arrangement shown in Figure 9 is adapted for raising water from a
depth below the apparatus equal to that of any ordinary lifting pump, and the
chief difference in this arrangement from that shown and described in reference
to Figure 8 consists in forming the inducing tube C of two parts C and C³, so
as to form a casing round the internal part C and thus surround it with steam,
and the water resulting from the condensation escapes in a thin annular jet at
the end of the inducing tube C, and is carried by the liquid jet or vein through
the throat H and check valve I into the receiver or boiler under pressure, in
the usual manner, as described in reference to Figure 8. The valve I in this
arrangement is slightly curved at its bearing surface on the throat piece H,
so that the annular space between the bearing surfaces when the valve is open
will have little or no wider or greater expanding space or surface towards the
outer circumference to tend to keep the valve shut when nearly close, as is the
case when constructed in the usual manner as shown in Figure 8. A central
spindle G¹, much of the usual construction of regulating spindles in other
injectors, may be used when the pressure of the actuating steam is very
variable instead of the throttle valve 9 shown in Figure 8; and as in both
these arrangements, Figures 8 and 9, the smallest area at the throat C¹, as
described in reference to the former modifications of these said improvements,
is always greater than that of the annular steam jet at A', a constant vacuum
is at all times, when the steam is on, maintained within the chamber and
duct D, so that the steam never blows back or heats the cold water therein as
is the case with other injectors, as heretofore constructed, consequently the
working of these improved injectors cannot be stopped by priming, jolting,
or other such causes, as is the case so frequently with those now in use.
The arrangement or modification shown in Figure 10 is much similar to
that just described in reference to Figure 9, and has the same letters of
reference indicating the corresponding parts, so that it is only necessary to
describe the new or improved features in this arrangement, which have
reference to automatic or self-acting arrangements for regulating the flow or
quantity of water in accordance with a variable steam pressure, suitable for

page_text: stationary engines and other purposes and places when jolting and priming is
all but impossible. Instead of the throttle valve g or central spindle G¹, described
in reference to Figures 8 and 9, a cylindrical piston M is fitted to work in a
chamber placed eccentrically to the apparatus itself and in working this apparatus
and regulator the cock L, connected to the overflow branch pipe K is opened
until an unbroken stream of water passes through it, when the cock is then closed
and the water,
if still accumulating in excess in the chamber K, forces up the
piston or plunger M, which causes its top end to contract or partially close the
inlet water passage D, until the thorough regulating or adjustment of the stream
of water to that of the pressure of steam is established. Or, instead of the
sliding piston M contracting the water passage D it may be connected by a
link inside to a throttle valve, such as that shown at 9 in Figure 8, and made
to actuate it so as to control or regulate the inlet flow of water through the
branch D; or it might be made to actuate any other equivalent regulator,
such as by preference a throttle valve similar to g in Figure 8 placed in the
steam pipe A, so as to regulate the inlet flow of steam to the injector when
the pressure of steam is very variable, in preference to regulating the inlet
flow of water at D as described. When the water or other liquid being fed
into the injector is greater than that being forced out, from a deficiency of
steam or its pressure, the excess of water will collect in the overflow chamber
and passage K and move the piston M within its cylinder, so as to open the
steam valve, through its connections, and thus open the passage A and increase
the inlet flow of steam, until the surplus water or other liquid and the pressure
within K is reduced, and the thorough adjustment and working of the
apparatus is established; or vice versa the deficiency of water and pressure on
the lower end of the piston would cause the plunger M to partially close the
valve and shut off the excess of steam, and thus regulate the inlet flow of steam
to suit the steady action of the water through it in relation or proportion to
its own varying pressure at any time. By another automatic regulating
arrangement a float within the boiler to be fed by the injector may be made
to open and shut the steam throttle valve, as described in the last modification,
or other equivalent regulator connected to the branch steam pipe A and
connected by any usual throttle valve connections so adjusted as to set on and
off the steam and injector to feed the boiler or other vessel under pressure as
the water and float fall or rise respectively therein.
From the foregoing description it will be understood that in any of the
arrangements described in reference to Figures 8, 9, and 10 the pressure of
the steam in the boiler may be a hundred pounds per square inch, while that
admitted at the steam branch A of the injector may be any fraction of that

page_text: pressure, so that quantity is equivalent to pressure or intensity of the actuating
steam, which forms an important feature in my said improvements as applied
to injectors, and enables any regulator to be applied or adopted, so that it
enlarges the steam passage A with an equal result to contracting the water
passage D, or vice versa. When the liquid to be forced into the vessel or
boiler under pressure is of a very high temperature the steam area must be
increased, and should the whole of the steam not be condensed that which
passes off at the overflow branch as at K may be employed to increase
the draught of the boiler furnace, or be otherwise used as found most
advantageous.
It will be observed that in these improved constructions of injectors,
Figures 8 to 10, the induction tubes C are of the same general construction as
those described in reference to Figures 1 to 7, though very much shorter
than those of the latter, being rather larger in area at the throat C' than that
of the steam jet at A¹, and by preference also larger than the water nozzle
E¹, and all widening out to a larger area at their discharge ends, as delineated
in the several Figures.
Although in the several modifications of my said Invention, Figures 5 to 10
inclusive, I have described and shown the liquid as entering by the central
nozzle or in a cylindrical jet, considering this the best arrangement, yet still
the steam may be central with equal or nearly equal results.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe that what I consider novel and original, and there-
fore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part
recited Letters Patent is,-
First. The construction and arrangement of apparatus for the induction and
exhaustion of fluids generally as herein described, or any mere modification
thereof.
Second. The application and use of a jet or jets of steam for the purpose
of producing a vacuum or a partial vacuum in the cylinders of high-pressure
engines, as herein described.
Third. The application and use of a jet or jets of steam, to impel water
through fluid lateral action apparatus, for the purpose of producing a vacuum
or a partial vacuum as herein described.
Fourth. The application and use of two or more separate and distinct
passages for admitting exhaust steam into a fluid lateral action apparatus,
for the purpose of producing a vacuum or a partial vacuum, as herein described.
Fifth. The application and use of apparatus or injectors for feeding liquids

page_text: into vessels under pressure, so constructed that the steam or other actuating
fluid does not enter or return into the liquid conduit or chamber, but
steadily maintains an induced current or partial vacuum therein, as herein
described.
Sixth. The application and use of a steam cased induction or fluid lateral
action tube for injectors generally, as herein described.
Seventh. The application and use of injectors so constructed that the
excess or deficiency of liquid actuates a piston or other regulator of the liquid
inlet, as herein described.
Eighth. The application and use of injectors so constructed that the excess
or deficiency of the water in the overflow chamber regulates the quantity of
steam necessary for the proper injection of the water, as herein described.
Ninth. The application and use of injectors so constructed that their
actuating steam is shut off and put on by a valve or other regulator actuated
by a float in the vessels to be supplied with liquid, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Morton, have hereunto set
my band and seal, this Eleventh day of January, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-eight.
20 Witness,
W. R. M. THOMSON,
Patent Agent,
20, Buchanan Street,
Glasgow.
ALEXANDER MORTON. (L.S.)