IMPROVEMENTS IN LOONS FOR WEAVING TUBULAR FABRICS, AND IN WATERPROOFING SAID FABRICS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Morgan-Brown, of the Firm of Brandon
and Morgan-Brown, Engineers and Patent Agents, of 38, South-
ampton Buildings, London, and 13, Ruc Gaillon, Paris, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOONS FOR WEAVING TUBULAR FABRICS,
AND IN WATERPROOFING SAID FABRICS."-A communication from abroad
by Theodore Ayrault Dodge, of Cambridge, Middlesex County,
Massachusetts, United States of America.
Sealed the 16th October 1875, and dated the 15th Junc 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Morgan-
-
'
Brown, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 15th June 1875.
.I, WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN, of the Firm of Brandon and Morgan-
Brown, Engineers and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton Buildings,
London, and 13, Rue Gaillon, Paris, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING TUBULAR
FABRICS, AND IN WATERPROOFING SAID FABRICS," to be as follows:―
This Invention of improvements in looms for weaving tubular fabrics,

page_text: 1
and in waterproofing said fabrics, relates to a loom for weaving a tubular
fabric for hydraulic hose or other purposes. The warp is carried on
bobbins or spools moved from the centre to the outside of the machine,
and the weft carriers move in a circular path, and lay their threads into
the sheds between the warp threads.
In this class of looms as heretofore constructed it has been impossible
to weave tubular fabric of sufficient strength or with warp and weft
sufficiently compacted and accumulated to form practical hose for
hydraulic purposes, because the warp carriers as heretofore constructed
could not be brought sufficiently close together without the crescent on
the lower portion of one carrier interfering with the crescent on the
lower portion of an adjacent carrier at the crossings of the grooves
formed in the grooved plate for operating the carriers. These crescents
are pivoted to the carriers, their pivotal pins passing through the
centres of the crescents. The crescents run in the grooves of their
actuating plates, and are always made long enough to extend entirely
across the intersections of the grooves to ensure that the crescents or
'fect continue to move always in their proper grooves.
It will be noticed in such machines that when one crescent is passing a
point where two grooves intersect, and has blocked up such intersection,
the crescent next to cross such intersection is held back so as not to
interfere, and with such crescents it is apparent that the bobbins
carrying the warps cannot be placed close together. In this Invention
the feet to run in the grooves are connected with the carriers to project
only in one way from their pivotal points, and they are inclined to the
plane in which the carriers move, so that the feet readily pass one over
the other, and permit the warp carriers to move as close together as is
desired and in radial paths distant from each other only sufficiently far
to permit the bobbins to pass without touching. The grooves in the
plates are made much deeper than usual to permit the feet to occupy an
angular position, and pass readily under each other.
This Invention consists in a loom of the class above described, having
carriers with fect projecting as described, and adapted to cross cach
other; also in the combination with a loom adapted to weave a tubular
fabric about a mandrel of an apparatus to form a lining material or
substance composed in whole or in part of india-rubber or of other
suitable material about the mandril where the weaving is taking place,

page_text: or for forcing said lining material or compound into or within the
tubular fabric, or for saturating the fabric with a waterproof or preserving
substance at or near the weaving point.
The frame of the loom is of any desired size, and of suitable shape to
support and carry the working parts, and rising therefrom is a central
post, to which is attached the hub of a disc slotted to allow the heads of
the carriers to pass from forked guides attached by screws to the frame.
These guides and the disc are when in operation fixed or stationary, the
opening in one coinciding with the opening in the other. In some
looms the slotted disc will be employed, but for all large looms it is
preferred to place forked guides on the disc or on a flange projecting
from the hub of the disc, or from other suitable fixed base, and in such
case it is apparent that the forked carrier guides may be adjusted as
desired, and a greater or less number of guides be employed, according
to the number of carriers or warps to be used.
Surrounding the central post is a tubular sleeve having an attached
bevelled gear engaged and operated by another bevelled gear on a shaft
driven by power in any suitable or well known way. At the upper end
of this sleeve is a plate provided, as shown in this instance, with four
grooves intersecting each other.
The warp carriers are provided with flanged or grooved heads to fit
the forked guides. Rising from the heads are posts, on which are the
usual tension weights and bobbin stops or let-off devices, and the warp
spools are carried on spindles rising from the heads.
The warp carriers so far described are of any well known construc-
tion. The feet of the warp carriers are pivoted at one end to the head,
so as to turn freely, are curved to conform to the shape of the grooves in
which they move, and are inclined downward to pass the one over the
other, the grooves being deep enough to receive the feet and permit
this. The warp threads pass from the upper ends of the carriers to a
flange on the upper end of a cup, the edge of the flange serving as a rest
for the warps and indicating the weaving point, and the tube as woven
is drawn by a suitable take-up along over a mandrel which governs the
size of the hose.
The mandrel and cup are constructed so as to form a lining within the
inner side of the tube, or to force a waterproof or preserving liquid among
the warps at the weaving point. The lining may be of rubber in whole

page_text: or in part, or instead of rubber any other material suitable to form a
lining or waterproof coating may be employed.
A pipe connected by means of a pump or otherwise with the source or
supply for the lining or waterproof substance is arranged so that such
substance may be delivered under pressure to the cup passing through
holes into the cup, and out at an opening about the mandrel, which
receives steam from a pipe leading thereto, and connected with a steam
supply or chamber an outlet from the mandrel, carrying away the water
of condensation.
The liquid or semi-liquid substance to form the lining or to act as a
waterproof substance is forced through the pipe into the cup, and
through the opening and between the mandrel and the tubular fabric at
or near the weaving point, the heated mandrel assisting to dry the same,
and the lining or waterproof material is in this way interlocked or
embedded into the warps or into the fabric at the weaving point.
The weft is led from spools, four in some instances being used, to
upright weft guides, either hollow or solid rods, with eyes, and carried
by a grooved plate. The weft is laid between the warps as the plate is
rotated, and the warp carriers are moved out and in to form sheds in the
warps, and this shedding action may be such as to form plain or twilled
weaving. The warp carriers through the action of the grooved plate on
the feet are thrown from the holders to the grooved disc, or into holders
on the disc, thus crossing the path in which the weft carriers move.
The weft threads are kept taut by tension weights of any well known or
suitable construction.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Morgan-Brown in the Great Scal Patent
Office on the 11th December 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
MORGAN-BROWN, of the Firm of Brandon and Morgan-Brown, Engineers 3
and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton Buildings, London, and 13, Rue
Gaillon, Paris, send greeting.
; WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of June, in the year

page_text: of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said William Morgan-Brown,
Her special license that I, the said William Morgan-Brown, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
William Morgan-Brown, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING TUBULAR
FABRICS, AND IN WATERPROOFING SAID FABRICS," (a communication to me from
abroad by Theodore Ayrault Dodge, of Cambridge, Middlesex County,
Massachusetts, United States of America,) upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said William Morgan-Brown, my executors or admini-
strators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Morgan-Brown, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention of improvements in looms for weaving tubular fabrics
and in waterproofing said fabrics relates to a loom for weaving a tubular
fabric for hydraulic hose or other purposes. The warp is carried on
bobbins or spools moved from the centre to the outside of the machine,
and the weft carriers move in a circular path and lay their threads into
the sheds between the warp threads.
In this class of looms as heretofore constructed it has been impossible
to weave tubular fabric of sufficient strength, or with warp and weft
sufficiently compacted and accumulated to form practical hose for
hydraulic purposes, because the warp carriers as heretofore constructed
could not be brought sufficiently close together without the cresent on
the lower portion of one carrier interfering with the cresent on the

page_text: lower portion of an adjacent carrier at the crossings of the grooves
formed in the grooved plate for operating the carriers. These cresents
are pivotted to the carriers, their pivottal pins passing through the
centres of the crescents. The crescents run in the grooves of their
actuating plates, and are always made long enough to extend entirely
across the intersections of the grooves to ensure that the crescents or
feet continue to move always in their proper grooves.
It will be noticed in such machines that when one crescent is passing
a point where two grooves intersect and has blocked up such intersection
the crescent next to cross such intersection is held back, so as not to
interfere, and with such crescents it is apparent that the bobbins carrying
the warps cannot be placed close together.
In this Invention the feet to run in the grooves are connected with
the carriers to project only in one way from their pivottal points, and
they are inclined to the plane in which the carriers move, so that the
feet readily pass one over the other and permit the warp carriers to
move as close together as is desired, and in radial paths distant from
each other only sufficiently far to permit the bobbins to pass without
touching. The grooves in the plates are made much deeper than usual
to permit the feet to occupy an angular position and pass readily under
each other.
This Invention consists in a loom of the class above described, having
carriers with feet projecting as described and adapted to cross each
other. Also in the combination with a loom adapted to weave a tubular
fabric about a mandril of an apparatus to form a lining material or
substance composed in whole or in part of india-rubber or of other
suitable material about the mandril where the weaving is taking place,
or for forcing said lining material or compound into or within the
tubular fabric, or for saturating the fabric with a waterproof or preserving
substance at or near the weaving point.
In the accompanying Drawings forming part of this Specification
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a loom provided with this Invention.
Figure 2 is a cross section of the mandrel and of the apparatus for
forming the lining or for saturating the fabric or material with a water-
proof substance when desired.

page_text: Figure 3 is a top view of Figure 1, a number of the warp carriers
being omitted.
Figure 4 is a top view of the grooved warp carrier operating plates
with the feet of the carriers in the grooves.
Figure 5 shows a carrier in perspective, and Figure 6 is a modifi-
cation to be herein-after described.
The frame A of the loom is of any desired size and of suitable shape to
support and carry the working parts, and rising therefrom is a central
post a to which is attached the hub of a disc B slotted at b, b, to allow
the heads of the carriers to pass from forked guides C attached by
screws c, c, to the frame A. These guides and the disc are when in
operation fixed or stationary, the opening in one coinciding with the.
opening in the other. In some looms the slotted disc will be employed,
but for all large looms it is preferred to place forked guides like C on
the disc B or on a flange projecting from the hub of B or from other
suitable fixed base; and in such case it is apparent that the forked
carrier guides may be adjusted as desired, and a greater or less number
of guides be employed according to the number of carriers or warps to
be used.
Surrounding the central post a is a tubular sleeve D having an
attached bevilled gear d engaged, and operated by another bevil gear E on
a shaft e driven by power in any suitable or well known way. At the
upper end of this sleeve is the plate F provided, as shown in this
instance, with four grooves f,f¹,ƒ³, ƒ³, intersecting each other, as shown
in Figures 3 and 4.
2
The warp carriers G are provided with flanged or grooved heads g to fit
the forked guides. Rising from the heads are posts g' on which are the
usual tension weights and bobbin stops or let-off devices, and the warp
spools are carried on spindles rising from the heads, as fully
represented in Figure 5.
The warp carriers so far described are of common construction, and
instead of the construction shown they may be of any other well known
construction. The feet h of the warp carriers are pivotted at one end to
the head so as to turn freely, are curved to conform to the shape of
the grooves in which they move, see Figure 4, and are inclined down-
ward to pass the one over the other, as is shown fully in Figure 4, the

page_text: grooves f, f¹, &c., being deep enough to receive the feet and permit
this. At the crossing i, Figure 4, the carriers are very close together,
and the feet are shown as partially crossed at ¹, the feet are approaching
to cross, and the rear end of each foot there shown is crossing or
being crossed by another foot. The warp threads pass from the upper
ends of the carriers to a flange on the upper end of a cup I, the edge
of the flange serving as a rest for the warps and indicating the weaving
point, and the tube as woven is drawn by a suitable take up along over
the mandrel H which governs the size of the hose. In Figure 2 the
mandril and cup are shown in section, and constructed so as to form a
lining within the inner side of the tube or to force a waterproof or
preserving liquid among the warps at the weaving point. The lining
may be of rubber in whole or in part, or instead of rubber any other
material suitable to form a lining or waterproof coating may be
'employed.
Referring to Figure 2, is a pipe connected by means of a pump or
otherwise with the source or supply for the lining or waterproof
substance, so that such substance may be delivered under pressure to
the cup I passing through holes ³ into the cup and out at the opening j
about the mandril H, which is shown as hollow to receive steam from a
pipe leading thereto, and connected with a steam supply or chamber
an outlet from the mandrel carrying away the water of condensation.
The liquid or semi-liquid substance to form the lining or to act as a
waterproof substance is forced through the pipe ¹ into the cup and
through the opening j, and between the mandrel and the tubular fabric
at or near the weaving point, the heated mandrel assisting to dry the
same, and the lining or waterproof material is in this way interlocked
or embedded into the warps or into the fabric at the weaving point.
The weft is led from spools K, four in this instance being used, to
upright weft guides k, either hollow as shown in Figure 4 in two places
by the circles, or as solid rods with eyes and carried by the grooved
plate F. The weft ' is laid between the warps 1, as the plate F is
rotated and the warp carriers are moved out and in to form sheds in the
warp as at 1, 1, and this shedding action may be such as to form
plain or twilled weaving. The warp carriers through the action of the
grooved plate on the feet h are thrown from the holder C to the grooved
disc B or into. holders.on the disc, thus crossing the path in which the

page_text: weft carriers move.
m'of
any
The weft threads are kept taut by tension weights
well known or suitable construction.
It is evident that the means for forming the lining or conducting the
waterproof substance into the tube might be changed without departing
from the Invention herein described, and it is not intended to limit this
Invention to the exact devices shown for forming this lining or intro-
ducing waterproof material as any other equivalent mechanism might
be used instead.
Any desired number of grooves and carriers may be used, and to
remove a carrier for repairs or otherwise it is only necessary to remove
its forked guide or holder C, whereas with other machines in which the
heads of the carriers work in grooves cut in the plate fixed over the
grooved disc for moving the carriers it is necessary to remove or elevate
the fixed plate in order to remove a carrier.
Instead of using a plate F with grooves f, &c., in its face may be used
a cylinder with grooves. In Figure 6 is shown a central support n
about which the hub of B is to turn. At top it is enlarged and is provided
with an internal bushing or sleeve n', forming a cup I into which the
waterproofing or preserving liquid or compound is forced through a pipo
3. In this modification is shown the support n, hollow to permit the
passage within it of a tube o of india-rubber, it passing from a spool
o' under the plate A, and if desired a covering can be woven about a
rubber tube and forced between the tube and woven cover a water-
proofing substance, or an unvulcanizable rubber compound or a cement
containing india rubber.
Having now described and particularly set forth the Invention and
the manner of carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood
that I claim,-
First. The combination with the heads of the warp carriers of the
pivotted inclined feet adapted to cross cach other substantially as
described.
Second. The combination with the warp carriers of the independent
removable warp carrier guides substantially as described.
Third. The combination of a rotating grooved surface or plate with
warp carriers having pivoted inclined feet adapted to cross each other
at the intersection of the grooves substantially as described.

page_text: Fourth. The combination of the warp carriers and their pivotted feet
with the grooved plate and the independent removable warp carrier
guides substantially as described.
Fifth. The combination with the mandrel about which the tube is
formed with a shoulder against which the warps rest at the weaving!
point substantially as described.
Sixth. The combination with a loom for weaving a tubular fabric
and the mandrel of mechanism for forming a lining or introducing a
waterproof material within the tube next the woven covering during
the process of weaving and with or without an interior india-rubber
lining, substantially as described.
In witness whercof, I, the said William Morgan-Brown, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of December, in
the year of our Lord Ono thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.
WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN. (L.S.)