AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MAKING CANDLESTICKS
Year: 1847

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
KEELING, of Hanley, in the County of Stafford, Manufacturer of Earthenware,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Nineteenth day of June, in the
tenth year of Her reign, did, give and grant unto me, the said Samuel
Keeling, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial licence,.full power,
sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Samuel Keeling, my exors,
adiiors, and assigns, and such others as I, the said Samuel Keeling, my exors,
adñiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term of years therein mentioned,
should and lawfully might mako, use, exercise, and vend, within that part
of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, Her
Dominion of Wales, aud Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in the
Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and in all Her
said Majesty's. Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention of "AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF MAKING CANDLESTICKS"; in which said Letters Patent
there is. contained a proviso requiring that, I, the said Samuel Keeling,
shall, particularly describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, and cause the same to be enrolled in Her said
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent, as, .reference being
thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in complianco with and performance of the said
proviso, I, the said Samuel Keeling, do hereby declare that the nature of

page_text: my Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are
particularly described and ascertained in and by this present Specification or
Instrument in writing, reference being had to the several Drawings hereunto
annexed, and in which said several Drawings similar parts are marked and
referred to by similar letters or figures (that is to say):
=
My said Invention consists of an Improved Method of Making Candlesticks
so that the moveable platforms, upon which candles are supported within the
sockets of such candlesticks may be raised or depressed without lifting or
removing the candlesticks from the tables or other supports upon which they
may be placed. In order to effect this object I make a joint in the upper
part of the stalk or stem of a candlestick, so that the upper portion of the
candlestick which is above the joint may be turned round for the purpose of
giving motion to a screw within the stalk or stem of the candlestick, and by
means of which screw the moveable platform within the socket may be raised
or lowered at pleasure.
I have, in the said Drawings hereunto annexed, shewn two different varieties
of the mode in which I construct my said candlesticks, in one of which said
varieties the said moveable platform is turned round at the same time that it
is elevated or lowered, and in the other of such varieties when the said platform
is raised or lowered by the action of the screw without being turned round."
...The first of the said varieties of my said- candlesticks with its various parts
are shewn in Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the said Drawings, Figure 1 being a
vertical section of the same candlestick, taken through it near to the centre
thereof, shewing the arrangement of the internal parts; and Figures 2 and 3
being detached side views (in section) of the various parts which are to be
introduced into the candlestick, as seen in section in Figure 1. A, A
(Figure 1), is the stalk or stem of the candlestick, which is made hollow and
connected with the upper part B, B(Figure 1), by a joint at a, a (Figure
1); so that the upper part B, B, may be turned round upon the top of the
stem with facility. The upper part B, B, is made with a hollow or socket
6, 6 (Figure 1), to receive the candle; and the bore of this hollow or socket
is made slightly oval or eccentric, so that the nut E, E (which is made to fit
it), may not turn round within it. The hollow or socket is furnished with an
internal shouldering or projection near the bottom at p, p (Figure 1), to
receive the nut E, E, by means of which the top part B, B, is kept in its
proper position upon the top of the stem. Within the socket b, b, is placed the
moveable platform C, C, to support the candle; and the platform may either
be furnished with a spike, as shewn in the Figure, or not. The platform
C, C, is screwed upon or otherwise secured to the top of the screw rod D,
which is placed within the stem of the candlestick, and by means of which
:

page_text: screw the platform may be raised or lowered within the socket. The upper
portion d of the screw.rod D is made square, so that it may be turned round
by the nut E, E. The nut E, E, is furnished with a bos e, e, which is fitted
into the top of a short metal case or tube F, F, so that the nut may, when
required; turn round freely upon the top of and within the stem A, A, of the
candlestick. The bos of the nut is grooved all round a short distance from
its lower extremity to receive two pins or screws e¹ and e³ (Figure 2), which
pass-through holes in the metal. tube or case, and into the groove round.the
bos e, e, so.as to keep the nut E, E, in its proper position upon the top of
the case or tube F; F. Within the case or tube is fixed the screw nut G, G,
the nut being threaded, so as to fit the screw D, which works within it. The
case or tube F, F, has a hole, at, the bottom at. f (Figures 1 and 2), threaded
so as to receive the threaded end of the screw.rod. or bolt H. The case or
tube F, F, is made to fit into the stem A, A, so as to be held firmly in its
proper position within the stem. The upper part of the candlestick B, B,
is first: to be placed upon the top of the stem (as shewn in Figure 1), and, the
case F, F (Figure 2), is then to be introduced from the top into the interior
of the stem, after which the screw bolt His to be introduced through a hole
in the bottom of the stem or candlestick. (or in a washer of cork or other
material, as shewn at I, I, in Figure 1), and screwed into the lower jend of
the case at:f, so as to fix and hold: the case firmly in, its proper position
within the candlestick, as shewn in Figure 1. I then place a washer W, W,
Figure 1, at the top of nut E, E, for the purpose of preventing the tallow, or
other material of which the candle may be made, from running down (when
melted) into the interior of the stem of. the. candlestick... This washer may
be made of. cork, india rubber, gutta percha, or. any other material possessed
of-sufficient elasticity or pliability to permit it to be turned round within the
socket with facility, at the came time that it is made to fit the socket suffi-
ciently well to prevent any such melted material: as aforesaid. from passing
down. In the centre of the washer W, W, is to be made a square hole, so
as to fit accurately the square part d of the screw bolt or rod D, which is to
pass through it, and prevent the passing down of any such melted material "as
aforesaid; but yet allow the square part d of the bolt or rod. D to pass up and
down with facility. The platform C being then screwed or otherwise secured
upon the top of the bolt or rod D, the candlestick is complete. By turning
round the upper part B, B, of the candlestick, the nut.E, E, will. also be
turned, and the nut will at the same time turn the bolt or rod D; and the
bolt or rod D being thus turned within its fixed screw nut G, G, it will
be raised or lowered within the stem of the candlestick, according to the

page_text: 'direction in which it may be turned, and thus the moveable platform may
be raised or lowered within the socket at pleasure, as may be required. The
platform having been lowered to the bottom of the socket by turning the top
of the .candlestick B, B, in the proper direction, the candle may then be
inserted in the ordinary way; and if the platform be furnished with a spike,
as before mentioned, the candle will be held more securely in its proper
position. As the candle burns down to the nozzle or top of the candlestick,
the platform and with it the candle which rests upon it may be from time to
time raised, merely by turning round the top part B, B, of the candlestick,
and without its being necessary for that purpose to remove the candlestick
from the table or other support upon which it may be placed. By this mearis
the danger of spilling the melted material of a burning candle may be
avoided, and the means by which the candle is raised within the socket are
hidden from view. If the platform be furnished with a spike, 'as, before
mentioned, it will have the same effect as a save-all, and a candle may be
raised from time to time within the socket, and burnt until it is entirely
consumed.
:
The second of the said varieties of my said candlesticks, with its various
parts, are shewn in Figures 4, 5, and 6, of the said Drawings, Figure 4 being
a vertical section of the same candlestick, taken through it near to the centre
thereof, shewing the arrangement of the internal parts; and Figures 5 and 6
being detached side views (in section) of the various parts which are to be
introduced into the candlestick, as seen in section in Figure 4. Many parts
of the said first variety of my said candlestick are substantially the same as
the similar parts of the said second variety, and therefore many parts of the
description herein-before contained apply to such last-mentioned parts of the
said second variety. A, A (Figure 4), is the stalk or stem of the candlestick
connected with the upper part B, B (Figure 4), by a joint at a, a (Figure 4),
having a moveable platform C, C, within the socket b, 6 (Figure 4), secured
to the screw rod D, as herein-before described with respect to the said first
variety. The screw rod D is, however, constructed differently in this variety
of candlestick, the thread of the screw with which the rod is threaded extending
from the under side of the moveable platform a sufficient distance down the rod
to enable the rod to raise the platform to the required extent, and the fixed
nut G (Figure 1) being dispensed with. The nut E, E, in this candlestick
has a round hole, and in this hole is threaded so as to fit the thread upon the
rod D. The case or tube F, F, has a slot made down each side of it, one
5); and a pin p is
of which slots is shewn by dotted lines at s, s (Figure
fixed on each side of the rod D, so as to work up and down in the slots, and

page_text: allow the rod to be raised or lowered, but so as to prevent the rod from being
turned within the case. The various other parts of the candlestick are shewn
in Figures 4, 5, and 6, and are substantially the same as before described
with reference to the said first variety of candlestick; and they are to be in
like manner inserted or placed within the candlestick. The screw nut E, E
(Figures 4 and 5), being secured to the top part B, B (in manner before described
with reference to the said first variety), when that part is turned round the
nut will have the effect of raising or lowering the rod D, which is prevented
from turning round by the pins q, q, working in the slots 8, s, as before men-
tioned, and thus the platform C, C, may be raised or lowered at pleasure.
The exterior portions of my said candlesticks may be made of metal, earthen-
ware, china, glass, or any other fit material, but the internal parts (with the
exception of the elastic washers before mentioned), will be best if made of
iron, brass, or some other fit metal. And the candlesticks may be made
of any shape or pattern which will admit of the introduction within the stem
of such parts as already described for the purposes aforesaid.
And I hereby declare that what I claim as of my said Invention is the
construction of the stalk or stem of a candlestick, with a joint and interior
screw, so arranged that by turning the upper part of the stalk or stem in the
proper direction, the moveable platform and candle may be raised or lowered
within the socket, as required and in manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Keeling, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Twenty-sixth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-seven.