CERTAIN PROPERTIES IN LIGHT AND IN OPTICAL GLASSES, AND BY MEANS OF A NEW AND PECULIAR APPLICATION INVENTED CERTAIN TELESCOPES, MICROSCOPES, OPERA GLASSES, AND OTHER OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS, WHICH ARE THEREBY RENDERED MORE ACCURATE, MORE DISTINCT, AND MORE LUMINOUS; AND, IN PARTICULAR, WHEREBY A REFRACTING TELESCOPE OF FIFTEEN INCHES LONG HAS
Year: 1780

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
STORER, of Lisle Street, Leicester Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Third,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Tenth day of April, in the twentieth year of His reign, did
give and grant unto me, the said William Storer, my executors, administrators,
or assigns, His especial licence, full power, sole priviledge and authority,
that I, the said William Storer, during the term of fourteen years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might use, exercise, and vend, within the
Kingdom of Great Britain called England, His Dominion of Wales, and
Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my new Invention and discoverys of
"CERTAIN PROPERTIES IN LIGHT AND IN OPTICAL GLASSES, AND BY MEANS OF A
NEW AND PECULIAR APPLICATION INVENTED CERTAIN TELESCOPES, MICROSCOPES,
OPERA GLASSES, AND OTHER OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS, WHICH ARE THEREBY RENDERED
MORE ACCURATE, MORE DISTINCT, AND MORE LUMINOUS; AND, IN PARTICULAR,
WHEREBY A REFRACTING TELESCOPE OF FIFTEEN INCHES LONG HAS ALL THE POWERS
OF A TWO-FOOT REFLECTOR, WITH THE ADDITIONAL ADVANTAGES OF A LARGER FIELD,
MORE LIGHT AND DISTINCTNESS OF VISION, AND MAY BE EASIER ADAPTED TO
THE SIZE OF THE OBJECT AND STATE OF THE ATMOSPHERE, AND BY WHICH SAID
INVENTION ONE AND THE SAME PORTABLE REFRACTING TELESCOPE MAY BE MADE
TO ANSWER THE PURPOSE, AND HAVE ALL THE POWERS OF TELESCOPES OF VARIOUS
LENGTHS AND SIZES NOW IN USE, AND WHICH NEW-INVENTED TELESCOPES ARE

page_text: ADMIRABLY ADAPTED TO THE PURPOSES OF NAVIGATION, AND OF TERESTIAL AND
ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained
a provisoe obliging me, the said William Storer, under my hand and seal,
to cause a particular description and ascertain the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and cause
the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within
four calander months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, (reference being thereunto had, will more
at large appear).
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Storer, in pursuance of and in
compliance with the said provisoe, do hereby declare that the nature of my
Invention and discoveries, herein-before particularly mentioned, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, is as follows (that is to say):-
:―
First, distinct vision, or the accurate image of an object, is only to be pro-
duced by points formed by rays of light having suffered refraction. Rays of
light reflected from and by glass of unequal forms untill they form a true
optical paralelism of themselves (and not till then) produce distinct vision.
Secondly, I find the human eye is so wonderfully and wisely constructed, that
by means of the different humours, and its speculum or rettinæ, they con-
junctively and alternately adapt themselves agreeable to the state of the
atinosphere, the distance of the object, and the quantity or quality of the light
reflected therefrom, from which construction I founded my principle, as
having discovered that the eye, when form'd proper for distinct vision, is in
every respect in effect the same as a plain mirrour, and that the negrum
pigmentum behind the rettinæ serves as the amalgam on a looking-glass to
reflect each ray of light proceeding from an object to the eye. Now, the eye
being in effect as a plain mirrour, it has not the power in itself of enlarging or
diminishing or bringing the image of an object at different distances nearer to
itself, any more than a plain mirrour looking-glass, therefore the eye is properly
a dilating catadioptrick refractor. But the eye is to be greatly assisted by means
of spherical, or glasses with unequal forms, any two or more such glasses
retaining the properties of the humours of the eye, and formed and so adapted
in different and seperate cells as shall be proper; the same to be observed and
provided for as well in compound object glasses as in the eye glasses, as also
for spectacles and other optical instruments, to be reciprocally acceded to or
receded from each other when and where required, in order to form the
image in a true dilating or pantagraphycal parelelism, to be enlarged or
diminished at pleasure, being in a state to be readily dilated or contracted,
similar to the expansion or contraction, and in conjunction with the dilation

page_text: of the optic nerve, without distortion or losing the light by such changes
with the same glasses and by which glasses rays of light shall be reflected and
varied so often and untill the dilating paralelism formed by them be agreeable
to the paralelism form'd by the eye that are to receive them; for in the same
manner as the eye forms and act as a plain mirrour, so rays of light under
every change, by the means of the aforesaid Invention, shall likewise form an
image from an object in a perfect true paralelism, and which said image
meeting the paralelism of the eye, the image then becomes in a centric,
dilating, or pantagraphical paralelism, to be diminished or enlarged ad
infinitum, even to an angle of one third of the hemisphere, which human eye
is capable of receiving, and in such angle no light, ought to be lost. But
magnifying powers, field of, and distinctness is preserved far superior to the
most powerfull telescope, or the best optical instruments of the various kinds
ever yet known, or that can be made on any other principle, by which means
microscopes (as well as telescopes, opera glasses, &c.,) are made to have
superior powers with more light and greater distinctness, as instead of the
object glass of microscopes (viz.), the glass that first receives the rays from
the object, being so small as scarce to admit any light, or not sufficient light
for a great magnifying power or opake objects. Now, by my Invention, as
aforesaid, the object glasses of microscopes will admit being as large, and the
same as for telescopes as microscopes, composed as aforesaid, performs
properly as telescopes, and visa versa, as no refractions whatever can disturb
or distort an image once formed by my Invention of a true centric dilating
pantagraphycal parelelism. Optical glasses of every kind, according to their
various properties, the state of the atmosphere, and the different powers
required of them, must be adapted and treated as aforesaid to form the
image in a true paralelism to be received by the eye, as the object itself, with
no other alteration than that of being nearer, consequently appears to the
eye larger. For want of such knowledge of the properties and applications
before mentioned (in light, and as is required in glass), all optical instruments
have hitherto been very deficient, as opticians all well know they have never
yet been able properly to account for, much less to remove, the errors
proceeding from refracted or reflected light, or the various property's in glass,
or their alternate changes necessary for distinct vision. For when a
magnifying power was carried beyond a certain degree, as allowed by all
opticians, notwithstanding the latest improvement of acromatic object glasses,
they wanted light, field of view, and distinctness, which mathematicians know
is contrary to their own demonstrations of the laws of optics, and which no
one has ever before been able to account for. Now every difficulty is remov'd
by the aforesaid new discovered properties in light, and in optical glasses, by

page_text: means of the new and aforesaid peculiar applications thereof, in causing rays
of light, by the laws of reflection, to produce distinct vision, which Sr Isaac
Newton endeavoured to accomplish, and which no doubt was the reason that
great optician had recourse to reflected in preference to refracted light, and
he often wished for metal of a similar quality to glass to reflect light. Now
he had not discovered, nor was it ever before known, that convex, or glasses
with unequal forms, might be applied so as to produce a true paralelism of the
image of any object by the laws of reflection by refracting mediums, and
which I declare to be my discovery, and that distinct vision at various
distances, with great magnifying powers and sufficient light, is to be produced
by no other means than as aforesaid. Now, be it remembred, that refracted
rays of light are subservient to reflected rays of light, yet reflected rays must
be refracted to produce distinct vision, which at last is produced by points by
the laws of reflection, and which entirely governs the laws of refraction.
Note, paralelism is probably a new technical term in optics, yet necessary to
be applied in this case, as it is an effect (produced by the laws of catoptrics)
newly discovered by me, and don't appear to be understood by mathematicians
or opticians. By an optical paralelism, I mean an invisible image, formed by
points of rays of light, from two or more reflections, and which points shall
meet, unite, but not pass other, but take a new direction in angles equal to
each other, as the ray of incidents with the ray of reflection. By a dilating
or pantagraphical paralelism is meant two paralelisms so meeting as the
points from each unite. B a centric dilating pantagraphycal paralelism I
mean three paralelisms so united and formed as to reciprocally assist each
other under every change required of them, in which state the minutest points
of the rays producing the image may be caused to accede to or recede from each
other in a dilating form, ad infinitum, without distorting the image or wanting
light, a phenomenon in optics never before known, though upon which the
distinctness of vision, great magnifying powers, a large field of view, and
sufficiency of light, entirely depends.
In witness whereoff, I, the said William Storer, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Tenth day of August, One thousand seven
hundred and eighty
Sealed and delivered by the within-
named William Storer. (being first
duly stampt), in the presence of
J. CARTER.
Jos. LOVE,
WILLIAM (L.8.) STORER.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBRED, that on the same Tenth day of August, in
the year above mentioned, the aforesaid William Storer came before our
said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stampt according
to the tenor of the Statute made in the sixth year of the reign of William and
Mary, late King and Queen of England, and so forth.