proved Method and Means of Preventing the Overturning of Road Vehicles in Case of Breakage of a Wheel or Axle thereof, or the "Drawing" of the Axle Box.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Oct., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 5th July, 1890-Accepted, 9th Aug.,
1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An. In proved Method and Means of Preventing the Overturning of
Road Vehicles in Case of Breakage of a Wheel or Axle thereof,
or the "Drawing" of the Axle Box.
I DANIEL CREMMEN, Coach and Omnibus Builder of 15 Prince of Wales Crescent
Kentish Town in the County of Middlesex do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to an improved method and means of obviating and preventing
the serious and often fatal accidents which frequently happen to road vehicles especially
omnibuses and the like passenger vehicles through the breaking of an axle or collapse
of a wheel thereof or the "drawing" of the axle box by which such vehicles are
often overturned and my invention in providing certain appliances which in the event
of any of the foregoing or similar accidents occuring will effectually prevent the over-
turning of the vehicle aforesaid.
For this purpose I proceed as follows:-
To the axle of the vehicle and close to each wheel at a suitable distance from the
ground say an inch or thereabouts I firmly attach a small wheel or roller suitably
mounted on an axle and having a bracing or tie rod or other suitable fastenings to
assist in rigidly securing it in its position so that in the event of any of the foregoing
breakages or the "drawing" of the axle box the said small wheel next to the wheel
where such accident takes place will come in contact with the ground and thus take
a share of the weight of the vehicle and run along therewith until such time as the
vehicle can be stopped and thus prevents same overturning.
La 192Ɑ
TONGUE & BIRKBECK,
34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Method and Means of Preventing the Overturning of
Road Vehicles in Case of Breakage of a Wheel or Axle thereof,
or the "Drawing" of the Axle Box.
I DANIEL CREMMEN, Coach and Omnibus Builder of 15 Prince of Wales Crescent,
Kontish Town in the County of Middlesex do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to obviating and preventing the serious and often fatal
accidents which frequently happen to road vehicles especially omnibuses and the like
passenger vehicles through the breaking of an axle or collapse of a wheel thereof or
the "drawing" of the axle box by which such vehicles are often overturned and my
invention consists in providing certain appliances which in the event of any of the
foregoing or similar accidents occurring to the said vehicle will effectually prevent
the overturning of same. or other serious consequences hitherto usually caused by
such accidents.
For this purpose I proceed as follows:-
To the axle or flaps of the axle of the vehicle and close to each wheel at a suitable
distance from the ground say an inch or thereabouts I firmly attach a support carrying
a small wheel or roller suitably mounted thereon such support having a bracing or
tie rod or other suitable support or fastenings or not as required to assist in rigidly
screwing it in its position so that in the event of any of the foregoing breakages or

page_text: Improved sretnoa ana means of Ereventing the Overturning of Road Vehicles.
the "drawing" of the axle box the said small wheel next to the wheel where suci
accident takes place will come in contact with the ground and thus take a share of
the weight of the vehicle and run along therewith and thus prevents same overturning
or otherwise causing accident.
And in order that my present invention may be clearly understood and readily
carried into practice I will proceed to describe same with reference to the accom-
panying drawings.
:
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows in side elevation the lower part of an omnibus" having safety
appliances applied thereto in accordance with my invention.
Figure 2 is a back end view of Figure 1 the body of the omnibus being in section
so as to fully show the arrangement and fixing of the safety appliance.
Figure 3 is a local view on a larger scale of part of Figure 2 (see line ≈ Figure 2)
showing my improvements in greater detail.
Figure 4 is a side view on same scale as Figure 3 looking in the direction of the
arrow a the centre part of the wheel being broken out for the sake of clearness and
in order to show said improvements in greater detail.
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts throughout.
a a are the wheels on axle b and c c are the springs which are all well known and to
which the body of the omnibus (or other vehicle or carriage) is secured in the usual
or any suitable manner.
Now my present improvements are as follows:-
A small wheel (or equivalent for instance a roller or a fixed curved surface to act
as a slide) d is mounted so as to be free to revolve on a pin or axis e and is held in
position by the nut f.
"
The pin or axis e is carried by a stout support or arm g g formed of one continuous
piece of metal "shut or bent round at g so as to form a bearing to carry the pin e
and having its two returned ends g² g² flanged as shown in Figures 3 and 4.
The flanged topig on each end of the support y is secured as shown in Figures 3
and 4 (with the axle between same) by means of the usual spring clips or
staples and nuts which secure the spring c to the axle only for my purposes
the staples must be made longer to allow for the thickness of the flanged top g².
Thus it will be seen that the support g is securely bolted to the flap k of the axle b
by the staples which embrace the spring e and then pass through the flap k of the
axle and Hanged top y² and then the nuts i being screwed up the whole are firmly
secured together.
In place of fastening to the flap of the axle by means of the spring clips h and
nuts as previously described the support y or other equivalent vertical support may
be secured to the flap of the axle in any other desired and suitable manner for
instance the flap of the axle may be made somewhat larger and the vertical support
bolted directly to same without interfering with the spring clips or other fixings which
are used as heretofore or as may be desired.
The brace or tie rod m is advantageously formed all in one piece having a flanged
or enlarged part n formed about the centre thereof by which means the said tie rod m
is rigidly fixed and secured to the axleb (see Figures 2 and 3) by staples o and nuts p
which firmly clamp said tie rod m to the axle.
Each ends of this bracing m is flattened or enlarged and has a hole formed therein
to receive one end of pine through same and then the nut is screwed on-thus one
ends of the tie rod or bracing m is firmly and rigidly fixed to the lower part gl of
the support g (and the other ends to the support on the opposite side) and so
gives the support y great additional support strength and rigidity.
The flange n clamped to the axle b also forms an additional source of safety and
security in the event of the axle & breaking at the middle (as they often do that
being the point where the two parts of the axle are joined or "shut" together in
formation) as such flange n will be found to prevent the wheels collapsing inwards

page_text: and smashing in the panels as has heretofore happened when the axle has broken in
the middle or thereabouts.
Thus it will be seen that in carrying my invention into practice as above I obtain
very great strength and rigidity by the foregoing appliances and there is no fear of
any collapse or
giving way of my safety appliance as above set forth whenever it
may come into use.
"
I will now describe a modification of the apparatus shown in Figures 1 to 4 of
the annexed drawings-which modification will be found strong enough for many
vehicles and will be of a less expensive character to construct.
Figure 5 shows a view of a modified safety appliance-applied direct on to the axle
of a vehicle-looking from one end of the vehicle.
Figure 6 is a side view-looking in the direction of the
Figure 5.
arrow y-on line 1-1
which is all one piece
the upper part having
drawings by which it is
In this case the small wheel is carried by a support
of metal forged or otherwise formed as shown in Figure 5
flaps or enlarged parts formed at the top as shown in the
firmly secured to the axle 6 by means of strong clips w which embrace the axle band
are firmly bolted (by nuts w) through said enlargements thus rigidly supporting
the small wheel d which is suitably mounted between the ends of the support v as
shown in the drawings.
I would remark that I am fully aware of several Patents of prior date for various
devices designed to prevent the overturning of road vehicles-but so far as I am
aware nothing similar to my present invention has ever been Patented or known
previous to my present invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1. The support constructed and arranged as bereinbefore set forth having its
upper ends clamped to the flap of the axle by means of the usual spring clips and
nuts i substantially in the manner and for the purposes hereinbefore described and
illustrated in the drawings hereunto annexed.
2. The support g carrying a small wheel d at its lower end gl and having the axle b
between its returned ends g² g² to which axle it is securely clamped substantially as
and for the purposes described and illustrated in the drawings hereunto annexed.
3. The support g having the axle b clamped between its returned ends g² g² and its
lower end braced or supported on its inside by the tie-rod or bracing piece m
substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein before described and illustrated
in the drawings hereunto annexed.
4. The combination of the support g with the tie rod m substantially as and for
the purposes described.
5. In an appliance or apparatus for preventing the overturning of omnibuses and
carriages and the like road vehicles 1 claim the clamping or securing of a vertical
support such as g or its equivalent to the flap of the axle by any suitable or convenient
means substantially in the manner and for the purposes hereinbefore described and
illustrated in Figures 1 to 4 of the drawings hereunto annexed.
6. In safety appliances for omnibuses and as a modification of the apparatus claimed
above I claim a support such as formed all in one piece and secured to the axle
itself by clips substantially in the manner and for the purposes hereinbefore
described and illustrated in the drawings hereunto annexed.
th:. Ell
1
1000
TONGUE & BIRKBECK,
34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Patentee.