IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING ORNAMENTAL PATTERNS OR FIGURES AND ATTACHING THEM TO LACE OR OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1862

page_text: Sealed the 30th December 1862, and dated the 5th July 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Grey Hill
and William Jackson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 5th July 1862.
We, CHARLES GREY HILL, of Commerce Square, High Pavement, in the
Town and County of the Town of Nottingham, Lace Manufacturer, and
WILLIAM JACKSON, of the same Town, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
PRODUCING ORNAMENTAL PATTERNS OR FIGURES AND ATTACHING THEM TO LACE OR
OTHER FABRICS," to be as follows:--
Our improvements consist in the arrangement and combination of
machinery or apparatus herein-after mentioned, while the materials we
employ for ornamenting are threads of various substances and of any or
divers colours and round, flat, or otherwise shaped cords, braids, laces,

page_text: chenille, or other ornamenting fabrics. The ornamentation is effected as
follows:-
Our first arrangement consists both of a large and small cylinder with their
accessories mounted upon a frame, the small cylinder is pierced with holes to
receive pins, which holes are made in curves or other figures according to. the
pattern to be produced, these pins are sustained by a curved plate which is sup-
ported from the axis of the cylinder within and underneath the upper portion of
the rim of the said cylinder, which plate is so shaped as to allow the pins to
be pressed back within the perforated cylinder as they are successively brought
in contact with the cylinder, by which means the ornamental patterns or
figures which are placed upon the pins as herein-after described are liberated
from the pins. As the cylinder revolves the pins descend by their own weight,
whereby the points again project from the cylinder and are kept by the curved
plate in that position as they move in succession towards the upper part of
the circle. Upon these pins the material or materials forming the ornament
or pattern are placed and the revolving of the cylinder carries it forward
towards the large cylinder, which cylinder on its part draws off from a roller
the fabric to be ornamented and bears it upon its surface towards the small
cylinder. The surfaces of these two cylinders being moved simultaneously and
equally by means of wheels upon their respective axes working into each other,
and the fabric to be ornamented and the ornamenting materials are brought
together and pressed closely between them. Behind the two cylinders is a
sizing roller which is made to press upon the fabric to be ornamented or on the
ornamenting material; this sizing roller is supplied with size by another roller
the under surface of which dips into a trough containing the size, and as the
rollers by having wheels upon their respective axes are connected and in due
proportion with the cylinders a sufficient supply of size is continuously afforded.
We find it convenient to cover the rollers with woollen, cloth, or other suitable
elastic substance which will yield to any inequality of the material passing under
or over it, the size being regulated so as to allow a proper quantity to adhere
to the first-mentioned roller by means of an elastic substance being pressed
against the second roller by one or more springs; the pressure of the cylinders
upon the fabric and material ornamenting the same is regulated by weighted
levers according to the thickness of the article being made.
We also find it useful to pass the fabric to be ornamented through adjustable
guides in order to keep it flat and moderately tight; we may also advan-
tageously apply wet sponges or other suitable substances to the surface of the
large cylinder, to take off any of the size that may adhere to it, the sponges
or other suitable substances being held to the cylinder by levers and springs.

page_text: As the ornamented fabric leaves the two cylinders it is passed through a heated:
box to a roller upon which the manufactured article is wound as made; motion
is imparted to the cylinders by hand or by power by means of a train of wheels.
and various bands which communicate motion to the rollers, reels, and guide
bars. The sizing trough and heating box are heated by means of gas jets
placed underneath them.
In combination with the above-described sizing, pressing, and drying appa-
ratus and fabric-supplying rollers, we use the following arrangement of machi-
nery or apparatus for placing the ornamenting material upon the pins in the
cylinder above named:-At the back of the cylinders the frame is somewhat
extended, and forms a support for one or more stationary guides, which, when
we use such guides, will lay the ornamenting material in lines parallel with
the edges of the fabric to be ornamented; the frame also affords support for
one or more guide bars, in which one or more guides are soldered or otherwise
attached, each guide bar being capable of moving right and left horizontally,
and up and down vertically, such movements being communicated to the bars
either by cams and bell-crank levers or by rotary crank motions worked by
gearing, by which means the traversing guides are enabled to lay the orna-
menting material around the pins in the cylinder as they are projected above
the surface, the material remaining around the pins until they are pressed out
by the passage of the fabric between the cylinders.
Our second arrangement consists in using the first-described cementing,
pressing, and drying apparatus, without the pin cylinder, which we take away,
and in lieu thereof employ a smaller plain pressing cylinder, and one or more
guides on one guide bar, such guide bar being traversed to the right or left,.
and each guide carrying one or more threads of any required colour.
Our third arrangement consists in this, that instead of employing our second
arrangement we use one or more guides on two or more bars; the guides are
of a set width, or are in such wise that they can be adjusted to divers widths
of ornamenting material; each bar we so arrange that they can be made to
traverse in the same direction right or left, or in contrary directions right or
left, to traverse in this and the last-described arrangement, such traversing
being effected either by a cam and bell-crank motion, or by a rotary crank
motion worked by gearing. The two last-described arrangements we place
behind the cylinders.
Our fourth arrangement consists of the last-named cementing, pressing, and
drying apparatus, and also one or more spindles supported in suitable bearings,
each spindle having a perforated plate on the end next the pressing cylinders;
this plate carries one or more pins, on which reels of the ornamenting material.
:

page_text: are placed, such material being passed through the holes in the plate previous
to being pressed on the fabric; the other end of the spindles is provided with
graduated pulleys moved by bands, or the spindles may be driven by gearing.
In our fifth arrangement we use similar spindles to the above, but the
spindles here are hollow, and we provide them with reels of the ornamenting
material at one or both ends; the material from the reels at the end of the
spindles farthest from the pressing cylinders we pass through the hollow
spindles and through holes in the guide plate previous to pressing them;
these spindles we move by either of the arrangements named in our fourth
arrangement.
In our sixth arrangement we use one or more of either of the above-
described spindles, which is provided at one end with coned gearing con-
structed in such wise that the band which connects the pulleys is traversed
upon them by a lever moved by a pattern cam, or by other convenient means,
so that the guides lay a pattern which is gradually increasing and decreasing
in size.
In our seventh arrangement we, in addition to the last-described method,
also use a frame which traverses to the right or left, the frame supporting the
spindles, and traversing them by either of the methods above described. By
these combined movements we obtain the set patterns as made by the varying
speed of the spindle or spindles, arranged in the form of a curved, scallop, or
pointed vandyke or other form, according to the pattern cam.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Grey Hill and William Jackson in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 5th January 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, CHARLES
GREY HILL, of Commerce Square, High Pavement, in the Town and County
of the Town of Nottingham, Lace Manufacturer, and WILLIAM JACKSON,
of the same Town, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Charles Grey Hill and William Jackson, Her special licence that we, the
said Charles Grey Hill and William Jackson, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said Charles Grey Hill and

page_text: William Jackson, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might,
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING ORNAMENTAL PATTERNS
OR FIGURES AND ATTACHING THEM TO LACE OR OTHER FABRICS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said Charles Grey Hill and William
Jackson, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us
or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office, within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Charles Grey Hill and William
Jackson, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
accompanying Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon,
that is to say:-
Our improvements consist in arranging and combining machinery or
apparatus as herein-after described. The materials we employ for ornamenting
are threads of various substances and of any or divers colours, round, flat, or
otherwise shaped cords, braids, laces, or chenille, or other ornamenting fabrics.
The ornamentation is effected as herein-after explained.
Our first arrangement of machinery or apparatus consists in the employment
of a large cylinder and small cylinder with their accessories mounted upon
or in a frame. We sometimes hereafter call these cylinders the pressing
cylinders. The smaller of these cylinders is pierced with holes to receive
pins. These holes are arranged or disposed in curves or other figures according
to the pattern to be produced, and the pins are sustained by a curved plate,
which is itself supported by the axis of the cylinder both within and under-
neath the upper portion of the rim of the said cylinder. This curved plate is
so shaped as to allow the pins to be pressed back within the perforated
cylinder as they (the said pins) are successively brought in contact with the
large cylinder, by which means the material or materials intended and
arranged or disposed to form the ornamental patterns or figures which are
placed upon the-pins as herein-after described are liberated from the pins. As
the cylinders revolve the pins descend by their own weight, whereby their

page_text: points are again caused to project from the cylinder, and are kept by the
curved plate in that position as the pins move in succession towards the upper
part of the circle. Upon these pins the material or materials intended to form
the ornament or pattern are placed, and the revolution of the smaller cylinder
carries forward the said material or materials towards the large cylinder,
which large cylinder draws the fabric to be ornamented from off. the roller,
spool, or bobbin on which it is wound, from which it is supplied, and bears the
said fabric upon its surface towards the small cylinder. The surfaces of the
.two pressing cylinders are moved simultaneously and equally by means of
wheels upon their respective axes working into each other, and the fabric to be
ornamented and the ornamenting materials are brought together and pressed
closely between the pressing cylinders. Behind the two cylinders is a sizing
roller which is made to press upon the fabric to be ornamented or on the
ornamenting materials. The size is used to cement the ornamenting material
to the fabric to be ornamented. This sizing roller is supplied with size by
another roller, the under surface of which dips into a trough containing the
size, these rollers being connected by wheels upon their respective axes and
being in due proportion with the pressing cylinders a sufficient supply of size
is continuously afforded. We find it convenient to cover the rollers with
woollen cloth or with other suitable elastic substance which will yield to any
inequality of the material passing under or over such cloth or substance. The
supply of size is regulated so that a proper quantity may adhere to the first-
mentioned sizing roller; this is effected by means of an elastic substance
pressed against the second sizing roller by one or more springs. The pressure
of the cylinders upon the fabric and material for ornamenting the same is
regulated by weighted levers according to the thickness of the article being
ornamented. We also find it useful to pass the fabric to be ornamented
through adjustable guides in order to keep it flat and moderately tight; we
may also advantageously apply wet sponges or other equivalent substances to
the surface of the large pressing cylinder to take off any of the size that
may adhere to it, such sponges or equivalent substance being held to the
cylinder by levers and springs. As the ornamented fabric leaves the two
pressing cylinders it is passed (through a heated box or over a heated platform)
to a roller, upon which it (the manufactured or ornamented article) is wound.
The heated box or platform helps to dry the manufactured or ornamented
article, and motion is imparted to the cylinders by hand or by power by means
of a train of wheels and driving bands which communicate motion to the
rollers, reels, and guide bars. The sizing trough and heating box are heated
by means of gas jets placed underneath them.

page_text: In combination with the above-described sizing, pressing, and drying
apparatus and fabric supplying rollers, we use the following arrangement of
machinery or apparatus for placing the ornamenting material upon the pins in
the cylinder above named:-At the back of the cylinders the frame is some-
what extended, and forms a support for one or more stationary guides; when
these stationary guides are used they will lay the ornamenting material in lines
parallel with the edges of the fabric to be ornamented. The frame also
affords support for one or more guide bars in which one or more guides are
soldered or otherwise attached. Each guide bar is capable of moving right
and left horizontally, and up and down vertically; such movements are com-
municated to the bars either by cams and bell-crank levers or by rotary crank
motions worked by gearing; by these means the traversing guides will lay
the ornamenting material round the pins in the cylinder as they are projected
above the surface, the material remaining round the pins until the pins are
pressed out by the passage of the fabric between the cylinders.
Our second arrangement of machinery or apparatus consists in using the
first-described cementing, pressing, and drying apparatus without the pin
cylinder, which we remove, and in lieu thereof we employ a smaller plain
pressing cylinder, and one or more guides upon one guide bar; such guide
bar is traversed to the right or left, and each guide carries one or more threads
of any required color.
Our third arrangement consists in this modification of our second arrange-
ment, that, instead of employing the arrangement of guides therein mentioned,
we use one or more guides on two or more bars, the guides being of a set
width, or they may be in such wise that they can be adjusted to divers widths
of ornamenting material. Each bar we so arrange that the bars may be
made to traverse in the same direction right or left, or in contrary directions,
right or left to traverse in this and the last-described arrangement, such
traversing being effected either by a cam and bell-crank motion, or by a
rotary crank motion worked by gearing. The two last-described arrangements
we place behind the pressing cylinders.
Our fourth arrangement consists of the last-mentioned cementing, pressing,
and drying apparatus combined with one or more spindles supported in
bearings, each spindle having a perforated plate on the end next the pressing
cylinders. This plate carries one or more pins, upon which reels carrying the
ornamenting material are placed, such material being passed through the holes
in the plate previous to being pressed on the fabric; the other end of the
spindles is provided with graduated pulleys moved by bands; or the spindles
may be driven by gearing.

page_text: In our fifth arrangement we use spindles similar to those above mentioned,
except that the spindles in this fifth arrangement are hollow, and have at
one or both ends reels carrying the ornamenting material. The material from
the reels at the end of the spindles farthest from the pressing cylinders we
pass through the hollow spindles and through holes in the guide plate previous
to pressing them. We work these spindles in the same manner as the spindles
mentioned in our fourth arrangement.
In our sixth arrangement we use one or more of either of the above-
described spindles, but provided at one end with coned gearing constructed in
such wise that the band which connects the pulleys is traversed upon them by
a lever moved by a pattern cam, or by other convenient means, so that the
guides lay a pattern which gradually increases and decreases in size.
In our seventh arrangement we combine with our last-described method a
frame which traverses to the right or left the frame supporting the spindles,
and traversing them by either of the methods above described. By these
combined movements we obtain the set patterns as made by the varying
speed of the spindle or spindles arranged in the form of curved, scollop, or
pointed vandyke, or other form according to the pattern cam.
Having thus set forth the nature of our said Invention, we now proceed
more particularly to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1, Sheet 1, is a side view, and Figure 2, Sheet 2, a plan of a
machine constructed according to our first arrangement of parts.
Figures 5, 6, and 7, Sheet 5, represent certain parts of machinery or
apparatus which are used in our second and third arrangement.
Figure 3, Sheet 3, is a side view of a machine constructed according to our
fourth arrangement, but having part of one standard broken away to shew
the rollers more clearly. The sizing trough is shewn in section, and the
spindle carriage is broken off.
Figure 4, Sheet 4, is a front end view of the above; the spindle carriage
and spindles are shewn at Figures 8 and 9, Sheet 5, and at Figures 10
and 11, Sheet 6, which represent our fifth, sixth, and seventh arrangements.
The several corresponding parts in each Figure are lettered alike.
In our first arrangement we employ a large cylinder and a small cylinder,
with their accessories, mounted on a frame; or, instead of employing one
large and one small pressing cylinder, we sometimes in this arrangement
employ two large and two small pressing cylinders, all mounted on the same
frame. A, A, is the metal frame or standards; B, a large pressing cylinder;

page_text: C, a small pressing cylinder. The rim of this small cylinder C is pierced with
holes to receive pins C. A side view of one such cylinder is shewn at
Figure 5, Sheet 5. The holes in the cylinder C may be arranged or disposed
in curves or other figures, according to the pattern to be produced, or they
may sometimes be in rows, as shewn in Figure 6, Sheet 5, which represents
the cylinders as seen from one end of the machine, and the pins can be placed
in the holes in any required pattern. The pins are sustained by a curved
plate C, and supported from the axle and framing A. The axes of the
cylinders are in dotted lines, to shew more fully the brackets A¹, on which
the curved plate C³ is rendered capable of adjustment by means of a set screw,
and according as the cylinders are set further apart, the plate C3 lies within or
underneath the upper portion of the rim of the cylinder C. The plate C³ is
so shaped as to allow the pins to be pressed back within the perforated
cylinder as they are successively brought in contact with the large cylinder B,
by which means the material or materials C³ forming the ornamental patterns
or figures are liberated from the pins, and as the cylinder revolves, the pins
are again protruded from it, and are kept in that position as they move in
succession towards the upper part of the circle, and they so continue until.
the ornamenting material is placed upon them, and they are again pressed
back within the cylinder C, the material or materials C³, intended to form the:
ornament or pattern, being carried forward towards the cylinder B, which said
cylinder draws off the fabric to be ornamented from a roller, from which it
is delivered through stationary but adjustable guides B2, and bears it (the
fabric) upon its surface towards the small cylinder. When we desire a
portion of the ornamenting materials to lie in parallel lines on or at the side
of the curved or other figure of the pattern we use stationary but adjustable
guides B, which are shewn in plan at Figure 2, Sheet 2, the various threads,
cords, or ornamenting materials being kept separate by the pins B', each
cord or other ornamenting material lying in a nick of the guide plate B³.
When we use flat ornamenting materials we pass them through the plate B³.
The surfaces of the two cylinders B and C are caused to move simultaneously
and equally by means of wheels upon the axes of the cylinders, which wheels
work into each other and the fabric to be ornamented, and the ornamenting
materials are brought together and pressed closely between the pressing
cylinders. Behind the cylinders B and C is a sizing roller D, caused to
press upon the fabric to be ornamented; it is supplied with size by a roller D',
the under side of which dips into a trough D² containing the size, and as the
rollers are connected by wheels upon their respective axes and in due propor-
tion with the cylinders B and C, a proper quantity.of size is thus continuously.

page_text: supplied to the material to be ornamented.
We find it convenient to cover
the rollers with woollen cloth, or other equivalént elastic substance, such in
fact as will yield to any inequality of the material passing under or over it,
the supply of size is regulated in such wise as to allow a proper quantity to
adhere to the roller D. This is effected by means of an elastic substance D
pressed against the roller D¹ by one or more springs. The pressure of the
cylinders B and C upon the fabric and the ornamenting materials is regulated
by weighted levers D, according to the thickness of the fabric to be orna-
mented. We find it convenient to pass the fabric to be ornamented through
the guides B2, in order to keep it flat and also moderately tight. We may
also advantageously apply wet sponges B6, or other equivalent substance to the
surface of the cylinder B to remove any superfluous size that may adhere to
it, the said sponges or other equivalent substance are secured to blocks B', and
held to the cylinders by levers and springs B³. As the ornamented fabric
leaves the cylinders B and C it is passed through a heated box, or is received
upon a platform E, made preferably of brass, over which the fabric passes, and
from thence is conducted round the greater part of the circumference of a
suitably sized wheel on to a roller, upon which it is wound as ornamented.
Motion is communicated to the cylinders by hand or power, and to the rollers
and apparatus by a train of wheels and driving bands.
The sizing trough, platform, and drying wheel are heated by means of gas
jets placed underneath them. We place the ornamenting materials upon the
pins in the small cylinder C, by means of one or more guides F, soldered or
otherwise attached to one or more guide bars F¹, each such bar is capable of
being moved to the right or left horizontally, as shewn at Figures 5 and 6,
Sheet 5, the guide bars F¹ slide upon a bar F2, supported by brackets secured
to the frame of the machine; motion is communicated to the guide bars by
levers F³, and a rotary crank motion worked by a cord on the pulley F', by
which means the traversing guides may lay the ornamenting material round
the pins in the cylinder while they are projected above the surface, the
material remains round the pins until they (the pins) are pressed out by the
passage of the fabric between the cylinders when the material remains cemented
to the fabric.
Our second arrangement consists in using the above described apparatus,
but without the pin cylinder C, which we dispense with, and instead thereof
we use a plain pressing cylinder G, shewn in side view and plan, Figures 1
and 2, Sheets 1 and 2, and in this arrangement we use one or more guides
on a guide bar, such guide bar being traversed to the right or left, and each.
guide carrying one or more threads of any required color.

page_text: Our third arrangement consists in using the apparatus last before described,
but with one or more guides on two or more guide bars, such guide bars
being traversed to the right or left, either together or alternately, the traverse
being effected in this, and also in the second arrangement, either by a
cam and bell-crank lever motion, or by a rotary crank motion worked by
gearing.
Our fourth arrangement consists of the combination shewn in Figures 3 and
4, Sheets 3 and 4, in which we substitute the rollers B, C, for the large and
small cylinders B and C. We furnish these rollers with shields H, and we
place the stationary but adjustable guides B2 below the roller C, and we place
the fixed but adjustable guides B³ above the roller B, for supplying the
parallel threads or other ornamenting materials employed by us, the other
threads or materials required to complete the pattern we supply by means of
one or more spindles I, shewn at Figures 8 and 9, Sheet 5, supported in
bearings K, each spindle has a perforated plate K' on the end next the
pressing rollers. The plate K carries one or more pins, on which are placed
reels K2 carrying the ornamenting material, which material is passed through
the holes in the plate, the other ends of the spindles are provided with
graduated pulleys (not shewn in the Drawings), these pulleys may be driven
by a band from the grooved pulley L or by gearing. The smaller pulley M
gives motion to a friction cord or band, which winds the ornamented fabric on
to a roller as the same is being ornamented, the fabric having been pre-
viously dried by passing over a platform heated as before described.
In our fifth arrangement we employ similar spindles to those above
mentioned, but the are hollow and are moved by a cord from the pulley L,
as seen at Figures 10 and 11, Sheet 6, each spindle I¹ is supported in
bearings K, on the spindle carriage N, which is capable of being adjusted
by means of the screws N¹; and instead of a circular plate we use guide
plates I, through the holes in which we pass the ornamenting material C³, from
the reels C, the material passes up in the hollow or interior of the spindles,
so that it revolves with the spindles, the reels are held in a frame C³, attached
to one end of the spindles. On the end of the spindles next the reel frames
graduated pulleys are secured round either groove of which a cord is passed
from the pulley L, and over intermediate pulleys L', and the pulley L2, which
is capable of adjustment in a slot in an arm L³, forming part of the spindle
carriage. Each spindle is provided with a toothed wheel L, which wheels, as
the spindles are adjusted further apart from each other, gear into similar wheels
L', on axles carried by the sliding arm L, attached to the spindle carriage.
Thus it will be apparent that we can vary the number of revolutions of the

page_text: In our sixth arrangement we use one or more of either of the spindles
above described, and provide it or them with coned gearing, so constructed
that the band which connects the pulleys is traversed upon them by a lever
moved by a pattern cam, or by other convenient means, so that the guides
may lay a pattern gradually increasing and decreasing in size.
Lastly, in our seventh arrangement, in addition to the last-described method,
we employ a frame which traverses to the right or left. This frame supports
the spindles, and is capable of being traversed to and from the pressing
rollers, and right and left by either of the before-described methods, by which
combined movements we obtain the set pattern as made by the varied speed of
the spindle or spindles arranged in the form of a curved, scollop, or pointed
vandyke or other pattern, according to the pattern cam employed.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same may be performed, we declare that we claim as our improve-
ments in machinery or apparatus for producing ornamental patterns or figures,
and attaching them to lace or other fabrics, arranging and combining the
parts of machinery or apparatus in the manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof we, the said Charles Grey Hill and William
Jackson, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Third day of
January in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-three.
Witness,
GEO. JON. ROBINSON,
.Patent Office,
Nottingham.
CHARLES GREY HILL. (L.S.)
WILLIAM JACKSON.
(L.S.)