IMPROVEMENTS IN "THE MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Augustus Scott, of Florence, Massa-
chusetts, in the United States of America, temporarily residing at
the City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN "THE
MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES."-A communication from abroad by the.
Florence Manufacturing Company, Florence, Massachusetts, United
States.
Sealed the 30th December 1873, and dated the 28th August 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Augustus Scott
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 28th August-1873.
I, GEORGE AUGUSTUS SCOTT, of Florence, Massachusetts, in the
United States of America, temporarily residing at the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES," a communication to me from abroad by
the, Florence Manufacturing Company, Florence, Massachusetts, United
States, to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to the manufacture of such brushes as have
the bristles secured in plastic material, which also forms, the back and

page_text: handle of the brush when it hardens, and the Invention has for its
objection the production of a brush finished as to length, position, con-
vexity of surface, and "penetration" of the bristles in a die, mould, or.
former, and the Invention consists,―
UL ULIC ЛИН УДСД 10
ади
244
objection the production of a brush finished as to length, position, con-
vexity of surface, and "penetration" of the bristles in a die, mould, or.
former, and the Invention consists,-
First. In the construction of the members or sections which constitute
the die, mould, or former.
Second. In the joint action or co-operation of the aggregated sections
for facilitating the process of forming the back and handle of the brush,
and of uniting the said back and handle to the bristles.
Third. In the devices and operation for removing the finished brush
from the die, mould, or former, without liability of breaking or
injuring it.
The sections of the mould are as follows :-A base piece with a cavity
of suitable shape, having small-holes or equivalent hollows to receive
the ends of the tufts of bristles of the brush in that irregular manner
which constitutes what is technically known as "penetration;". next, a
piece having holes to hold the bristles in their proper position, which is
fitted and secured over the base part by pins or their equivalents; next,
a piece upon that which holds the bristles, which, together with another
placed above it serves to mould the plastic material into the required
shape to form the back and handle of the brush. There is also a piece
used to act as a. partial mould for the back when that portion of the
plastic material is applied which secures the ends of the bristles, and
this piece is placed over the third piece above named, and a rammer is
used to press the material into it.
When the back and handle is moulded, and the brush is complete, it
is removed from the mould or former by placing a ring or its equivalent
round the two upper parts, turning the mould upside down, so that the
edge of the part or section holding the bristles will rest upon the edge of
the hoop or its equivalent; then the two lower sections of the mould
are pushed down from the other two sections or pieces by a bar having
two projections which pass through two holes in the base part and that
piece next to it, the ends of the projections forcing the two other sec-
tions of the mould downwards, so as to withdraw the bristles from that
section which retains them in position while the back and handle are
being moulded.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Augustus Scott in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 20th February 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
AUGUSTUS SCOTT, of Florence, Massachusetts, in the United States of
America, temporarily residing at the City of London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of August, in the year of.
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said George Augustus Scott, Her special license
that I, the said George Augustus Scott, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said George Augustus Scott, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES," a communication to me from broad by
the "Florence Manufacturing Company, of Florence, Massachusetts,
United States, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
George Augustus Scott, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Augustus Scott, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement and the accompanying Drawings (that is to
say) :—
The Invention relates to the manufacture of such brushes as have the
bristles secured in plastic material, which also forms the back and
handle of the brush when it hardens; and the Invention has for its
object the production of a brush finished as to length, position, con-

page_text: vexity of surface, and "penetration" of the bristles, in a die, mould, or
former, and the Invention consists,―
First. In the construction of the members or sections which constitute
the die, mould, or former.
Second. In the joint action or co-operation of the aggregated sections
for facilitating the process of forming the back and handle of the brush,
and of uniting the said back and handle to the bristles.
Third. In the devices and operation for removing the finished brush
from the die, mould, or former without liability of breaking or
injuring it.
1
The sections of the mould are as follows:--- -A base piece with a cavity
of suitable shape, having small holes or equivalent hollows to receive
the ends of the tufts of bristles of the brush in that irregular manner
which constitutes what is technically known as "pentration; " next, a
piece having holes to hold the bristles in their proper position, which is
fitted and secured over the base part by pins or their equivalents; next,
a piece upon that which holds the bristles, which, together with another
placed above it, serves to mould the plastic material into the required
shape to form the back and handle of the brush. There is also a piece
used to act as a partial mould for the back when that portion of the
plastic material is applied which secures the ends of the bristles, and
this piece is placed over the third piece above named, and a rammer iş
used to press the material into it.
.
When the back and handle is moulded, and the brush is complete, it
is removed from the mould or former by placing a ring or its equivalent
round the two upper parts, turning the mould upside down, so that the
edge of the part or section holding the bristles will rest upon the edge of
the hoop or its equivalent; then the two lower sections of the mould
are pushed down from the other two sections or pieces by a bar having
two projections, which pass through two holes in the base part and that
piece next to it, the ends of the projections, forcing the two other sec-
tions of the mould downwards, so as to withdraw the bristles from that
section which retains them in position while the back and handle are
being moulded.
Fig. 1 represents in perspective the under one of series of plates, dies,
moulds or formers for facilitating the arrangement of the bristles and

page_text: for securing them in a proper position in a plastic brush back, and for
removing the finished brush therefrom,
Fig. 2 represents in perspective and detached the next or second plate,
dic, mould, or former of the series.
Figs. 3 and 4 represent in perspective pieces that are temporarily used
in connection with the pieces shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 represents in perspective a third section or piece lying upon
the top of those shown respectively in Figs. 1 and 2.
Fig. 6 represents a vertical longitudinal section through the series of
pieces that constitute the dic, mould, or former, shewing the bristles in
place, and the space wherein the plastic back.is formed and united to
the bristles.
Fig. 7 represents in similar section the parts or pieces shown in
Fig. 6, but inverted, and a ring or band and a follower added thereto to
facilitate the removal of the finished brush from the die, mould, or
former.
Similar letters of reference where they occur in separate Figures
denote like parts in the Drawing.
The Invention has for its object (as before stated) the production of
a brusli finished as to length, position, convexity of surface, and " pcnc-.
tration of the bristles in a dic, mould, or former; and the Invention
consists, as before stated,―
"
First. In the construction of the members or sections which constitute
the dic, mould, or former.
Second. In the joint action or co-operation of the aggregated sections
for facilitating the process of forming the back and handle of the brush,
and of uniting the said back and handle to the bristles.
Third. In the devices and operation for removing the finished brush
from the die, mould, or former without liability of breaking or
injuring it.
To enable others skilled in the art to make and use the Invention I.
will proceed to describe the same with reference to the Drawing. The
under or base piece or bed plate A, Fig. 1, has an oval concavity or
recess a in it, as shown, but which may be round or of any other shape
'

page_text: and form that it is desired to give to the bristles or to the brush; and in
this recess are made a series of small holes b, into and around which
some of the bristles of the tufts rest, thus making their ends uneven, or
giving them "penetration," as it is technically termed, as will be
explained hereafter. With the addition of the guide c, dowel or pitch
pin holes d, dowels e, and follower holes f, this bed plate is
completc.
The second plate or piece B, Fig. 2, has upon its under side, and as
shewn in Fig. 6, a convex, oval, or other shaped projection, but made to
fit into the concavity or recess a of the bed plate A whatever the form
of that recess may be. Upon the upper side of the piece B there is
formed an oval projection 9 with a concave surface, so as to make that
surface parallel or nearly so with the projection on its under side, and
which is distinctly seen in the sectional Figures at 6 and 7. Through
the projection g, and through the plate or picce B, are made a series of
holes i larger is diameter than but in line with those in the bed
plate A, and these holes are inclined and may point to a. common centre,
so that the bristles placed in them, and afterwards united, to the brush,
may be inclined or radial, though they may be straight if so preferred.
The holes i being larger than those b, and large enough to contain a
tuft of bristles, leaves or forms a shoulder around the said holes b, upon
which some of the bristles of the tuft will rest while others will drop
into the holes b, thus making the ends of the bristles of each tuft uneven,
giving to them what is technically, called "penetration," that is, the
facility of better penetrating the hair. And while this irregularity of
the ends of the bristles is attained their general contour is uniform, and
the length of the bristles projecting from the brush back is also uniform.
With the addition of the dowel holes d, follower holes f, and holes in its
under side to receive the small dowels c of the base plate; this completes
the plate or piece B.
The next or third picco in order is that C, Fig. 5, it being shown as
overlying the other picces A, B, above described. This piece C has first
au opening clear through it, which opening receives the projection of
the piece or plate B, and allows the projecting ends of the tufts of
bristles to extend up through said opening, and far enough through to
receive the material of which the brush or its back is composed, and
which unites the ends of the bristles to said back. The upper margin of
this opening is bevelled or recessed to form a mould for the edge of the

page_text: brush back, and from one end of this opening on the upper side of the
piece C extends a recess, in which one half of the handle of the brush
is moulded, shaped, and formed. This piece C is also furnished with
dowel holes & corresponding with those in the other pieces A, B, and so
that the dowels or pitch pins will pass through them all, thus holding
them all in proper position. The top and last piece or plate is shewn.
at D, Figs. 6 and 7. This plate or piece D has a mould or recess j
formed in its under surface, and which is so shaped as to receive the
material for and form one half of the back and handle of the brush, the
other half or part being received in the piece C, which underlies that D.
From the under side of. this piece D project dowel or pitch pins, which,
passing through the holes d in the pieces C, B, and thence into seats in
the base plate A unite and hold the several members of the dic, mould,
or former in the proper position or matched, and when in the position
shown in Fig. 6, and the material that is to form the back and handle
of the brush occupies the space therein shown, the incipient brush is
subjected to high pressure in the dic, mould, or former, and when ready
to be removed is taken out, as will be explained.
Among the many advantages of this die, mould, or former, and the
process of making brushes therein, I may mention the following:→
Short tufts of bristles may be used; the necessary penetration is readily
and uniformly given to the ends of the bristles in placing them in the
tubular block, and the pressure necessary for putting a finish upon the
brush back and handle does not come upon the bristles, and which if it
did occur would break or crump them.
To form a brush in the die, mould, or former, I proceed as follows:-
The piece B is properly placed on the base piece A, its bevelled edge
abutting against the guage C to give it right position. The holes in B are
now filled with bristles, some of which drop into the smaller holes in A,
the other resting upon A at and around said small holes. These bristles.
or tufts extend up through the projection on the plate B far enough to
be strongly embedded in the plastic material that forms the back of the
brush. The pieces A, B, being so placed, and the holes filled with
bristles, as stated, a piece E, Fig. 3, is placed on B, its opening receiving
the projection g, and the bristles extending through and abovo it. Some
of the plastic material of which the back is composed having been
warmed and softened is pressed in, upon, around, and over the pro-
jecting ends of the bristles, the opening in E forming a guide or ring

page_text: 2. A die, mould, or former for making brushes in, composed of the
members A, B, C, D, or their equivalents acting together in the manner
and for the purpose described and represented.
3. In combination with the dic, mould, or former for making brushes
in the piece G with the projections n for separating the parts A, B, from
those C, D, for the purpose of taking out the finished brush, substantially
as described.
4. In combination with the die, mould, or former and the piece G
for separating them the band or ring H for holding together the
two parts that contain the brush, as and for the purpose described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Augustus Scott, have here-
unto set my hand and scal, this Sixteenth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
GEO. A. SCOTT. (L.S.)