Year: 1886

page_text: I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co. Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to produce a portable tool, which may be operated
by hydraulic pressure, to perform work requiring great power, and which may be
used in any position.
The improvements consist in the combination of a cylinder for containing liquid,
a piston fitted therein, an air vent, and a diaphragm between the liquid space of
the cylinder and the atmosphere. The diaphragm is free to expand and contract.
It provides for the entrance of air into the cylinder to compensate for the move-
ment of liquid therein by the action of the piston, and yet it prevents the escape
of liquid from the apparatus in which it is used. The diaphragm may be used in
the cylinder. In such case the liquid in the cylinder will not have access to it
but communication will be afforded between one side of it and the atmosphere.
Then, as the piston is moved in one direction, the diaphragm will expand into the
cylinder, and when the piston is moved in the reverse direction the diaphragm will
contract so as to occupy less space in the cylinder. I may use a flexible diaphragm
outside the cylinder if desirable. In the latter case the liquid in the cylinder will
enter it and cause it to expand or allow it to contract during the moveinents of
the piston.

page_text: Improvements in Hydraulic Apparatus for Use in Operating
Tools of Various Kinds.
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake, and Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be par-
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of this invention is to produce a portable tool which may be operated
by hydraulic pressure to perform work requiring great power and which may be
used in any position.
The improvements consist in the combination of a cylinder for containing liquid,
a piston fitted therein, an air vent and a diaphragm between the liquid space of
the cylinder and the atmosphere.
The diaphragm is free to expand and contract. It provides for the entrance
of air into the cylinder to compensate for the movement of liquid therein by the
action of the piston, and yet it prevents the escape of liquid from the apparatus
in which it is used. The diaphragm may be used in the cylinder. In such case
the liquid in the cylinder will not have excess to it but communication will be
offered between one side of it and the atmosphere. Then as the piston is moved
in one direction the diaphragm will expand into the cylinder when the piston is
moved in the reverse direction of the diaphragm will contract so as to occupy less
space in the cylinder. I may use a flexible diaphragm outside the cylinder if
desirable. In the latter case the liquid in the cylinder will enter it and cause it to
expand or allow it to contract during the movements of the piston.
In an accompanying drawing, figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a tool embodying
my improvement.
Figure 2, is a transverse section of the same taken at the plane of the dotted
line xx figure 1.
Figure 3, is a partly sectional end view of a piston comprised in the tool, as the
same appears looking from the side which is undermost in Figure 1.
Figure 4, is a sectional elevation of the parts not in section being shown as they
appear in a plane at right angles to the plane of figure 1 and the section being
taken on the plane of the dotted line y. y. figure 3.
Figure 5, is a view partly broken away and partly in section illustrating
modifications thereof.
The frame of this tool consists essentially of a cylinder A for containing water
or other liquid, finger pieces A¹ and an extension A. As shown the cylinder A
and finger pieces A' are formed integral and the extension A2 is made approximately
in the shape of the letter J and made integral with a movable head or end of
the cylinder. A convenient way of securing the J shaped extension A³ to the
cylinder A and finger pieces A¹ is to provide a removable head of the cylinder with
an internally screw threaded flange engaging with a screw thread upon the exterior
of the cylinder and to insert a screw through the upper part of the J shaped
extension and engage it with a tapped hole in the upper portion of the cylinder A

page_text: The lower portion of the shaped extension extends into a position which is
approximately opposite the center of the cylinder. This J shaped extension has
fastened to it one of a pair of instruments which are to be used in the tool, as,
for instance, one of a pair of shears, or it may have a rest to hold a piece of material
which is to be operated upon by a movable instrument.
The movable instrument used in the tool derives its motion from a piston B
fitted in the cylinder A The piston B has a shank or rod B¹ which extends
through the one end of the cylinder which is opposite the end of the extension A².
In this instance the rod of the piston passes through the removable head of the
cylinder and such head is provided on the inner side with a flange b whereby the
rod and the piston will be effectively guided and on the outer side with a stuffing
box b¹.
The movable instrument used in the tool is fastened in the outer end of the
piston in any suitable manner.
In the piston and piston rod a cylindrical cavity 68 is formed. A ram or
plunger C operates in this cavity. This plunger extends through the piston at the
side which is most distant from the piston rod passing through, a suitable packing
which prevents leakage around it. The plunger C also passes through a stuffing
box a formed upon the adjacent end of the cylinder A. The plunger outside the
cylinder A passes through a connection between the two finger pieces A¹ and at
the outer extremity is provided with a cross bar C¹. A spring C surrounds the
plunger between cross bar C¹ and a portion of the connection between the finger
pieces A¹.
The spring C² moves the plunger outwardly. The plunger may be forced
inwardly by placing the palm of the hand upon the outer side of the cross bar C¹,
grasping the tinger pieces A¹ and then contracting the hand so as to move the cross
bar toward the finger pieces.
A simple means for packing the plunger C in the piston B consists of two
disks D D¹ of leather or other suitable material having their inner edge bent in
different directions into contact with the plunger C. The disk D having its outer
edge bent at right angles so as to bear against the interior of the cylinder A also
serves to pack the piston B in the cylinder A. A ring or annular plate D³,
fastened to the piston in any suitable manner, as, for instance by screw passing
through it through the disks D D¹ and entering tapped holes in the piston B,
serves to retain the disks D D¹ in place.
It is intended that the plunger shall be forced inwards to its full extent and
then allowed to be moved outwardly by the spring C³ alternately. Liquid which
is contained in the cylinder A between the piston B and the removable head of the
cylinder will flow into the cavity b³ during the outward movement of the plunger C.
The liquid in the cavity 62 will be forced into the cylinder A at the other side of
the piston B when the plunger C is moved inwardly.
The liquid flows into the cavity b² from between the removable head of the
cylinder A and the piston B through a port 63 thence into a valve chamber 6* and
ultimately through a port 65 its passage through the valve chamber being permitted
by the opening of a valve E. The opening of this valve is resisted by a spring
which surround its shank or stem. The liquid is caused to flow into the cavity b³
past the valve E by reason of a reduction of the pressure induced by the outward
movement of the plunger C within the cavity 62 and the pressure of the atmosphere
acting upon a liquid through a vent, with which the removable head of the
cylinder A is provided.
The air vent just mentioned is shown as consisting of a hole extending longi.
tudinally through a screw d. This vent does not extend to the liquid within the
cylinder A but to a portion of the cylinder A which is separated from the liquid
containing portion of the cylinder by means of a diaphragm G. The diaphragm
may consist of a movable piston but as here shown it is of flexible construction
being made in form of an annular vessel occupying the space between the flange
of the removable head of the cylinder and the interior of the cylinder A. It.js

page_text: of bellows like construction. When a reduction of pressure is caused by the
outward movement of the plunger C, the pressure of the atmosphere acting through
the vent d upon the diaphragm G causes the liquid to flow as described from a
cylinder A in a cavity b
The liquid expelled from the cavity 6' by the inward movement of the plunger C
passes out through a port 66 into a valve 6' and thence into a port 68 into the
cylinder A at the side of the piston B which is most distant from the piston rod.
In the valve chamber 67 is a valve H which opens inwardly into this valve
chamber to permit the liquid to pass by it. This valve H is closed by the pressure
of liquid when a reduction of pressure is caused within the cavity b' by the
outward movement of the plunger C. Its closing is also aided by a spiral spring
which is combined with it.
The inner end of the plunger does not fit tightly within the cavity b² hence the
liquid contained in the cavity 62 can pass by the inner end of said plunger.
The forcing of the liquid from the cavity b' into the cylinder A in the manner
described causes the piston B to move toward the removable head of the cylinder A.
The movable instrument used in the tool is thus forced with great power toward
the shaped extension A². This movement of the piston is not interfered with
by the liquid contained in the cylinder A between the piston and the removable
head because the diaphragm G will be free to yield and expel air to an extent
which will be sufficient to accommodate this liquid in the outward movement of
the plunger C. During its operation for the purpose of causing the movement
of this piston B towards the removable head of the cylinder A a head h which
is formed at the inner end of the plunger is not moved outwardly as far as it is
possible to move it. After the tool has performed the work required of it and it
becomes therefore desirable to return the movable instrument to its original
position the cross-bar C₁ is grasped and pulled outwardly the head at the inner
end of the plunger C is drawn outwardly to its extreme position and, owing to
such head being made of an outwardly tapering form, it forces the valve H
outwardly in its valve chamber. In this movement the valve H is forced against
a valve I controlling a port i that communicates with the valve chamber 67 in
which the valve H is arranged and extends thence through the piston B towards
the removable head of the cylinder A. Owing to the valve I being thus opened
the liquid which is contained in the cylinder A at the side of the piston B which
is most distant from the piston rod may pass through the port 6 into the valve
chamber b' and thence through the port i into the cylinder A at the other side of
the piston B thereby permitting of the drawing of the piston B in the direction
last described by pulling on the cross-bar C².
The various parts of my tool may be made of metal except as otherwise
described and with the the exception of the diaphragm G when it is of a flexible
construction. In order that it shall be of a flexible construction providing a
considerable range of movement it be preferably made of india-rubber or leather,
although where but a small range of movement is required of it, it may be made of
a plate of spring metal made Hat or corrugated similarly to the diaphragm of a
gauge.
The diaphragm G which I have shown is secured to the removable head of the
cylinder A by means of the screw d and a nut d' engaging with the same. There
may be any desirable number of screws d and nuts d¹.
The cylinder A may be charged with liquid through holes in its heads closed
afterwards by means of screws f.
The combination of parts which involves the cylinder, piston, diaphragm and
air vent may be used in other apparatus.
I want it to be distinctly understood that the form of my diaphragm may be
greatly varied. Its function is to separate liquid used in the cylinder from the
atmosphere and to yield to variations in pressure. It may even be a flexible
chamber or receptacle outside the cylinder. I have illustrated such a chamber or
receptacle in Figure 5.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed as communicated to
me by my foreign Correspondent I declare that what I claim is:-
1. In an apparatus constructed to be operated with hydraulic pressure, the
combination of a cylinder for containing liquid, a piston fitted therein, an air vent
and a diaphragm between the liquid space of the cylinder and the atmosphere,
substantially as specified.
2. In an apparatus constructed to be operated with hydraulic pressure, the
combination of a cylinder for containing liquid, a piston fitted therein, a plunger,
a cavity receiving the plunger, ports and valves whereby liquid may pass from one
side of the piston to the cavity in which the plunger works and subsequently from
the cavity to the other side of the piston, an air vent, and a diaphragm between
liquid space of the cylinder and the atmosphere, substantially as specified.
3. I an apparatus constructed to be operated with hydraulic pressure the com-
bination of a cylinder for containing liquid, a piston fitted therein, a plunger,
a cavity receiving the plunger, ports and valves whereby liquid may pass from one
side of the piston to the cavity in which the plunger works and subsequently from
the cavity to the other side of the piston, a valve which will open when the piston
is moved back to its normal position, an air vent and a diaphragm between the
liquid space and the atmosphere, substantially as specified.
Dated this 22nd day of November 1886.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London,
Agents for the Applicant.