A New or Improved Superheater for Locomotive Steam Boilers.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Nov., 1899--Accepted, 16th Dec., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A New or Improved Superheater for Locomotive Steam Boilers.
I, FLORYAN VON GRUDINSKI, of 3, Bracka, Warsaw, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement;-
My invention relates to the application of a new or improved form and arrange-
ment of superheating apparatus to locomotive steam boilers, and its object is to
superheat the steam and prevent the formation of scule or incrustation.
And in order that my said invention may be particularly described and ascer-
tained reference is hereby made to the accompanying drawing, being a sectional
elevation illustrating my invention.
The superheater a is of cylindrical form, secured to the upper part of the smoke
box C, and lugged with suitable non-conducting material b.
A number of small tubes d, d, (preferably of iron) are fitted steam-tight to the
lower tube plate f¹ and the upper tube plate f. Larger tubes e, e, (of any suit-
able metal) are fitted steam-tight to the intermediate tube plates and f³, in such
a manner as to provide small annular passages between the outer surfaces of the
tubes d, d, and the inner surfaces of the tubes e, e, the superheater boing thus
divided by the plates and f³ into three chambers A', A², and A³.
The saturated steam proceeding from the locomotive boiler passes through the
pipe g and enters the middle chamber A wherein it impinges upon the highly
heated pipes or tubes e, e, and as it is divided by these tubes it becomes gradually
dry, and when thoroughly dry, it escapes from the chamber A through suitable
openings formed in the plato f, in order to enter the upper chamber A³, whence
the thoroughly dry steam travels through the narrow annular spaces ; leading to
the chamber A', which serves as a collector of the superheated steam. The inner
tubes d,d through which the fire gases pass serve alone to superheat the steam,
while the outer tubes e, e, on the contrary fulfil a double purpose, they first divide
the whole mass of steam which is situated in the chamber A³ into as many thin
streams as there are tubes in the superheater, and they also heat the live and wet
steam in the chamber A2 and convey the dried and partly superheated steam
from the chamber A³ into the chamber A. The tubes d, d serve thus purely as
superheating means and they receive their heat immediately from the fire gases.
Each tube has thus a small quantity of steam to superheat, such steam being fed
to it. The superheated steam gives up a portion of its heat to the tubes 6, 6, and
these tubes dry, by means of the heat thus received, the live und wet steam in
the chamber A. The tubes ɛ, e, do not therefore act as superheaters, and as they
form narrow circular spaces with the tubes d they cause the steam requiring to
be superheated to impinge against the highly heated tubes d, d, and hence to be
rapidly superheated, which takes place under the most favorable conditions, as
the fire gases must pass through the tubes d, d, while ascending, and thus heat
the descending steam.
The steam thus superheated issues out of the lower chamber A¹ and reaches
the steam chest, 7 through the pipe k, being finally conveyed therefrom in the
usual manner to the cylinders. The chambers A' and A' are provided with blow

page_text: off cocks h and through which the condensation water is removed. A back
pressure valve arranged in the pipe n which communicates with the superheater
and the steam chest serves to equilibrate the pressure between the two chambers.
This construction of superheater fully prevents the formation of fur or incrus-
tation in the boiler which generally reduces the effectiveness of the heating surface
of the superheater. This result is arrived at by the division of the whole appa-
ratus into three chambers A', A³, A³ in such a manner that the wet steam must
first pass through two of these chambers A' A³, and be thus thoroughly dried before
it can pass through the narrow annular spaces, without being liable to form a
deposit when entering the same at j', which would otherwise have been the case
had the steam not been previously dried. Owing to the division of the apparatus
into three chambers, and to the use of tubes of two diameters the steam requiring
to be superheated is caused to pass through numerous spaces which effects an
intimate mixture of the same.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my, said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
The application to a locomotive steam boiler of a new or improved superheater
characterized by its subdivision into three chambers. A¹. A and A³ by means of
horizontal partitions and f wherein the fire and superheating tubes d and the
tubes e surrounding the same are adjusted in the partitions in such a manner, that
the same is first dried in the chambers A and A³, and is subsequently conveyed
through the annular spaces formed between the tubes c and d into the third
chamber A wherein it is highly superheated, substantially as described.
Dated 11th November 1900
FLORYAN VON GRUBINSKI.
By George Downing & Sons,
Chartered Patent Agents, 8, Quality Court, London, W.C., Agents.