IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF MALT
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Watts, of Coventry, in the County of
Warwick, Accountant Clerk, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF MALT."
Sealed the 18th November 1863, and dated the 19th June 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Watts at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th June 1863.
I, JOSEPH WATTS, of Coventry, in the County of Warwick, Accountant
Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF MALT," to be
as follows:-
My said Invention consists of the mechanical arrangements or combinations
herein-after described, by the use of which the manufacture of malt is much
facilitated and simplified.
The machinery or apparatus constituting my Invention is constructed as
follows: A hollow cylinder fixed horizontally is provided with a shaft capable
of rotary motion, the said shaft being situated in the axis of the cylinder,
and working in bearings in the closed ends of the cylinder. The rotating axis
carries a series of stirrers or brushes, which bear closely against the inner
circumference of the cylinder the whole length thereof.
The grain to be

page_text: malted is contained in the cylinder, and may be turned over and kept in a
state of continual motion by the said stirrers or brushes by giving rotation to
the shaft carrying them. As the said stirrers or brushes rotate closely against
the inner circumference of the cylinder, the grain is not injured by their
motion, and which being rotary insures the perfect and regular turning of
every grain contained in such cylinder. The upper side of the cylinder is
perforated with small holes through its whole length, and for about one-fourth
of its circumference, and the lower side of the cylinder is similarly per-
forated. The upper perforations open into an inverted hopper attached on the
cylinder, which hopper terminates in a pipe connected with a rotary fan, by
the working of which a current of air is drawn through the cylinder, the
current permeating equally the whole of the grain therein by passing through
the perforations at top and bottom. The lower perforations open into a hopper
not inverted, the said hopper being situated underneath the cylinder, and ter-
minating in a pipe communicating with the atmosphere and with a hot air
apparatus. By means of valves or slides the relative proportions of hot and
cold air can be regulated, and the required temperature obtained; or heat
may be applied directly by means of a fire-box constructed in the hopper
underneath the cylinder, or by means of gas or other like combustibles
inserted and ignited in such hopper. Along the upper part of the cylinder is
a pipe extending the whole length of and forming part of the inner circum-
ference thereof, that part of the pipe forming such inner circumference being
very finely and thickly perforated, by means of which perforations water can
be introduced into the cylinder for steeping or sprinkling the grain at pleasure.
Along the under part of such cylinder, and extending the whole length thereof,
is a slot perforated similar to such cylinder, and forming when closed a
detached segment thereof, which slot is fixed by arms on a shaft or axle
capable of being rotated in bearings fixed in the hopper underneath the
cylinder, and which shaft or axle terminates on the end of the cylinder in
a handle revolving as the cylinder is closed on to a staple fixed in the end of
the cylinder in such a manner as to render it capable of being securely locked.
By opening this slot the contents of the cylinder are precipitated into the
hopper beneath, from which they may be propelled by air driven by the fan
before mentioned, through a pipe connected therewith, to any elevation or
position required. On the outer circumference of the said cylinder to the
extent of one-fourth of such circumference, on each side thereof, are casings
for containing water, connected at top and bottom with each other by means
of pipes, through which water is made to pass for the supply of the water
wheel, herein-after described, affixed on the end of the shaft or axle carrying

page_text: the stirrers or brushes inside the cylinder, the water thus continually passing
being made subservient in reducing the temperature of the grain while ger-.
minating in the cylinder; but these casings are so as constructed as to render
their use entirely optional, as the water may, if preferred, pass directly on, to the
water wheel or in the sprinkling tube without occupying them. A pulley or
wheel provided with a handle is fixed on the end of the shaft, passing through
the cylinder near the water wheel, and made capable of turning with or on
such shaft for the purpose of driving with a band the fan before mentioned.
A thermometer fixed in the end of the cylinder always indicates the tem-
perature of the grain therein, and examination of such grain in a limited
quantity is afforded by means of a sample tube fixed near the thermometer.
I prefer to give motion to the shaft carrying the stirrers or brushes inside the
cylinder by means of a water wheel fixed near the end of the shaft, as by this
means the greatest regularity in turning is afforded with the least attention.
A stream of water regulated by a tap connected with the water casings,
sprinkling pipe, and water wheel give the required rotary motion for any given
period, without further attention than is necessary to give and regulate the
supply of water.
The machine or apparatus is used as follows:-The grain to be malted
having been introduced into the cylinder by means of a hopper connected
therewith, the revolving slot, by means of which the outlet is effected, may
be securely locked by the excise officer, and the key retained by him till the
whole process is completed, the operator having no necessity for interfering
Sufficient water is
with such outlet during any part of such process.
then supplied by means of the sprinkling pipe to steep the grain to the
desired extent. After the steeping process is completed and the surplus
water drained therefrom, sufficient rotary motion is given by means of the
water wheel (or other power applied) to the shaft and fan to keep the grain
in continual rotary motion by means of the stirrers or brushes revolving inside
the cylinder, and at any desired temperature. Sprinkling is performed as
often as may be deemed necessary by the pipe for that purpose, and the state
of the grain is ascertained, as often as may be desired, by means of the sample
tube, whilst the temperature is always indicated by the thermometer. When
the grain is sufficiently matured for drying the water is turned off from the
casings directly on to the water wheel, the motion increased, and the requisite
temperature for drying applied. After the drying process is completed the
excise officer may attend to unlock the slot of the cylinder, when the malt
falling into the neck of the hopper underneath may be propelled by air from
the fan (having had the requisito velocity given it) through flexible or other

page_text: tubing to any elevated or other position required. It is almost needless to
observe that one water wheel and fan, by having connecting piping and
gearing may be made subservient to many cylinders or apparatuses.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Watts in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
16th December 1863.
-
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
WATTS, of Coventry, in the County of Warwick, Accountant Clerk, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Joseph Watts, Her special licence that I, the said Joseph
Watts, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Joseph. Watts, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF MALT,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Joseph Watts, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Watts, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
My said Invention consists of the mechanical arrangements or combinations
herein-after described, by the use of which the manufacture of malt is much
facilitated and simplified. The machinery or apparatus constituting my Inven-
tion is constructed as follows:-A hollow cylinder fixed horizontally is provided

page_text: with a shaft capable of rotary motion, the said shaft being situated in the
axis of the cylinder, and working in bearings in the closed ends of the cylinder.
The rotating axis carries a series of stirrers or brushes which bear closely
against the inner circumference of the cylinder the whole length thereof. The
grain to be malted is contained in the cylinder, and may be turned over and
kept in a state of continual motion by the said stirrers or brushes by giving.
rotation to the shaft carrying them. As the said stirrers or brushes rotate.
closely against the inner circumference of the cylinder the grain is not injured
by their motion, and which being rotary insures the perfect and regular turning
of every grain contained in such cylinder. The upper side of the cylinder is
open through its whole length and for about one-fourth of its circumference,
and the lower side of the cylinder is perforated with small holes. The upper
part of the cylinder opens into an inverted hopper attached on the cylinder,
which hopper terminates in a pipe connected with a rotary fan, by the working
of which a current of air is drawn through the cylinder, the current permeating
equally the whole of the grain therein. The perforations in the lower side of
the cylinder open into a hopper, the said hopper being situated underneath the
cylinder, and terminating in a pipe communicating with the atmosphere and
with a hot-air apparatus. By means of valves or slides the relative proportions
of hot and cold air can be regulated and the required temperature obtained, or
heat may be applied directly by means of a fire-box constructed in or under the
hopper underneath the cylinder, or by means of gas or other like combustible
inserted and ignited in such hopper. Along the upper part of the cylinder
is a pipe extending the whole length of and forming part of the inner circum-
ference thereof, that part of the pipe forming such inner circumference being
very finely perforated on its under side, by means of which perforations water
can be introduced into the cylinder for steeping or sprinkling the grain at
pleasure. Along the under part of such cylinder, and extending the whole.
length thereof, is a slot into which a part of the outer circumference of a pipe,
whose axis is parallel to that of the cylinder, is made to revolve, such part of
the outer circumference of the said pipe forming, when so revolved, an exact
but detached segment of the inner circumference of the said cylinder. The
said pipe has also a slot or opening forming, when revolved parallel to the slot
of the cylinder, an exact counterpart thereof, and one continuous opening for
admitting the malt from the cylinder into the said pipe. By opening the slot
the contents of the cylinder are precipitated into the said tube, from which
they may be propelled by an archimedian screw to the position required. On
the outer circumference of the said cylinder, to the extent of one-fourth of such
circumference on each side thereof, are casings for containing water, connected

page_text: at top and bottom with each other by means of pipes through which water is
made to pass for the supply of the water wheel herein-after described,.affixed
on or geared to the shaft or axle carrying the stirrers, or brushes inside the
cylinder, and the water thus continually passing may be made subservient in
reducing the temperature of the grain whilst germinating in the cylinder; but
these casings are so constructed as to render their use entirely optional, as the
water may, if preferred, pass directly on to the water wheel or in the sprinkling
tube without occupying them. A thermometer fixed in the end of the cylinder
always indicates the temperature of the grain therein, and examination of such
grain in a limited quantity is afforded by means of a sample tube fixed near
the thermometer. I prefer to give motion to the shaft carrying the stirrers.or
brushes inside the cylinder by means of a water wheel fixed near the end of the
shaft, as by this means the greatest regularity is afforded with the least atten-
tion. A stream of water regulated by a tap connected with the water casings,
sprinkling pipe, and water wheel gives the required rotary motion for any given
period without further attention than is necessary to give and regulate the
supply of water.
The machine or apparatus is used as follows:-The grain to be malted
having been introduced into the cylinder by means of a hopper connected
therewith, the valve of the revolving tube, by means of which the outlet is
effected, may be securely locked by the excise officer and the key retained by
him till the whole process is completed, the operator having no necessity for
interfering with such outlet during any part of such process. Sufficient water
is then supplied by means of the sprinkling pipe to steep the grain to the
desired extent. After the steeping process is completed and the surplus water
drained therefrom, sufficient rotary motion is given by means of the water
wheel (or other power applied) to the shaft and fan, to keep the grain in
continual rotary motion by means of the stirrers or brushes revolving inside
the cylinder and at any desired temperature. Sprinkling is performed as often
as may be deemed necessary by the pipe for that purpose, and the state of the
grain is ascertained as often as may be desired by means of the sample tube,
whilst the temperature is always indicated by the thermometer. The quantity
of grain in the cylinder may be ascertained by means of gauges in the end of
the cylinder. When the grain is sufficiently matured for drying the water is
turned on to the water wheel, the motion increased, and the requisite tempera-
ture for drying applied. After the drying process is completed the excise
officer may attend to unlock the slide of the revolving tube, when the malt
falling into the tube may be propelled therefrom by means of the screw through
tubing to any elevated or other position required. It is almost needless to

page_text: observe that one water wheel and fan, by having connecting piping and gearing,
may be made subservient to many cylinders or apparatuses.
. Having explained the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to describe,
with reference to the accompanying Drawing, the manner in which the same
is to be performed.
Before proceeding to describe the manner in which my Invention is to be
performed it is necessary for me to observe that the manufacture of malt, being
an exciseable commodity, is under the entire supervision of the Government,
and conducted according to rules and regulations considered necessary for
protecting the revenue from fraud, but which rules and regulations are
restrictions upon the free exercise of the requirements of the manufacture,
which experience proves might be advantageously obviated by any means
effectively securing the objects for which the same were necessarily imposed.
It will be found in devising my Invention such obviation combined with the
requirements of the manufacture has been the primary object in view, and that
by the adoption of it the revenue will be most effectually protected from
fraud with much less vigilance than is now considered necessary to be exer-
cised for that purpose without in any manner interfering with the requirements.
of the manufacture.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawing represents in side elevation the
machinery or apparatus constituting my Invention; Figure 2 is an end
elevation of the same; Figure 3 is a vertical longitudinal section of the same,
a part being omitted; and Figure 4 is a transverse vertical section of the same,
partly in end elevation. The same letters and figures of reference are used to
indicate the same parts in the several Figures of the Drawing.
The said machinery or apparatus is constructed as follows:-A hollow
cylinder a fixed horizontally is provided with a shaft b, capable of rotary
motion, the said shaft being situated in the axis of the said cylinder and
working in bearings a³, a², in the closed ends of the cylinder. The rotating
axis 6 carries a series of stirrers or agitators c, capable of agitating the grain
in all directions, the ends of the said stirrers or agitators revolving closely
against the inner circumference of the cylinder a the whole length thereof, as
represented in Figure 3. The said stirrers or agitators c are situated equi-
distant apart on the shaft b, and their ends are somewhat expanded and pro-
vided with metallic or other brushes. The shape of the said agitators c is best
seen in Figure 4. The grain to be malted is contained in the cylinder a, and
may be turned over and kept in a state of sufficient motion by the said
agitators by giving rotation to the shaft b, carrying them in the manner
herein-after explained. As the ends of the said agitators c rotate closely

page_text: against the inner circumference of the cylinder a, the grain contained therein
is not injured by their motion, and the rotary motion of the agitators ensures
the perfect and regular turning of the grain in the cylinder. The lower part
a³ of the cylinder a is perforated with small holes throughout its whole length;
the said perforated part occupying about one-fourth of the circumference of
the cylinder. A slot or opening d is made in the perforated part a³ of the
cylinder a, the said slot extending from end to end of the said cylinder. Im-
mediately under the bottom of the cylinder a, and parallel with its axis, is a
pipe e, a slot or opening e² (see Figures 4 and 5) being made in the said pipe
equal or nearly equal to the length of the cylinder a. The pipe e is capable
of a partial rotation, working in water-tight bearings in the frame f. By
giving a partial rotation to.the pipe e in one or other direction the slot or
opening therein can either be made to coincide with the slot d in the
cylinder a, or the slot in the said cylinder closed by a portion of the circum-
ference of the said pipe entering the said slot. That part of the pipe e which
closes the slot or opening in the cylinder is so shaped that its radius is equal
to that of the the interior of the cylinder, as best seen in the separate sectional
view on a larger scale of the said pipe e and portion of the cylinder a repre-
sented in Figure 5. When the slot in the pipe e is made to coincide with that
in the cylinder a, a continuous opening between the said cylinder and pipe is
made, through which opening the grain from the cylinder is passed into the
pipe e, and removed from the said pipe in the manner herein-after described.
In order to ensure the opening and closing of the slot in the cylinder a, and
also to limit the rotation of the pipe e, the said pipe e has on its periphery at
the front of the cylinder stops or projections g, h. When the pipe e is turned
in the direction proper to close the slot in the cylinder a, the stop g strikes
against the cylinder a, and prevents the further rotation of the said pipe in
that direction. When the pipe e is turned in the opposite direction,
in order to make the slot in it coincide with that in the cylinder a,
the other stop h strikes against the cylinder a and prevents the further
rotation of the pipe in that direction. By the positions of the stops g, h,
it can readily be seen whether the slot in the cylinder is open or closed. In
the said pipe e is an archimedian screw i, the axis of the said screw working in
water-tight bearings in the ends of the said pipe. By the motion of the screw
i the malt when sufficiently matured may be removed from the cylinder a,
through the said pipe e, to other pipes, from whence it may be conducted to any
elevated or other position required. The open end of the pipe e is also pro-
vided with a water-tight screw slide or valve k, capable when closed of being
securely locked and sealed, as represented in the Drawing. The upper portion

page_text: of the cylinder for about one-fourth of its circumference opens into an inverted
hopper, which hopper terminates in a vertical pipe m, provided with the slide
valve n; the said pipe m is supposed to communicate with garners; the said pipe
m is intersected by the cross pipe o, connected with the fan p. By the working of
the fan p, as herein-after described, a current of air is drawn through the cylinder
a from the atmosphere by the pipe q, the said current of air permeating
equally the whole of the grain contained in the said cylinder and carrying away
the vapour generated in the cylinder. The cross pipe o is provided with two
slide valves r, s; the valve r being for the purpose of supplying a current of
air caused by the working of the fan p, to intercept the grain at the point t of
the pipe o as it falls into the cylinder a, by which means grain only of the
desired gravity is allowed to enter the cylinder for steeping, all grain and refuse
of inferior gravity being carried by such current of air against the screen u inside
the pipe o, and precipitated into the hopper v, to fall through piping to any
desired position. The slide valve s is only for the purpose of regulating the
current of air passing through the cylinder a. The air supplied to the cylinder
a is heated by the following arrangement:-Underneath the cylinder a is a
hopper w, terminating in a pipe q, communicating with the atmosphere at the
point q², the said pipe passing through the fire-place x. A series of tubes y
extend longitudinally through the hopper w, opening at each end respectively into
the fire-place and the smoke box 2. The heat generated by the combustion
of the fuel in the fire-place x passes through and heats the tres y, and then
escapes by the chimney 2 to the atmosphere. The heat of the tubes y is imparted
to the current of air passing through the hopper w; the said heated air per-
meating the grain in its upward passage to the fan p, rapidly desiccates or dries
the said grain. The pipe 9 is provided with the water-tight slide valve 3 for
the purpose of retaining and discharging the water for steeping, and is not
intended to be entirely closed except for the first of these purposes, otherwise
the grain in the cylinder would be liable to injury from the carbonic acid gas
it evolves, which would thus be unable to escape. Along the top of the cylinder
a, and extending the whole length thereof, is a tube 4 finely perforated on its
under side, the said tube 4 being connected by the pipe 5 with the water casings
herein next described, by means of which tube 4 water can be introduced into
the cylinder a for steeping or sprinkling the grain at pleasure. On the outer
circumference of the said cylinder a, to the extent of about one-fourth of its
circumference, are casings 6, 6, for containing water. The said casings 6, 6,
are connected with each other at top by the pipes 7, and at bottom by the
pipes 7, through which pipes 7, 7, and casings 6, 6, water may be made to
pass for the supply of the water wheel 8, and the water thus passing through

page_text: the said pipes and casings be made subservient in reducing the temperature of
the grain while germinating in the cylinder a. But these casings are so con-
structed as to render their use entirely optional. The manner in which the
water is conducted to the water wheel and to the casings 6, 6, is as follows:-
10 is the main pipe by which the water is supplied. By opening the tap 11
in the pipe 10, and closing the tap 12 in the pipe 13, water from the main
passes up the lower pipes 7* to the casing 6, 6, and from the casings 6, 6,
through the upper pipes 7 to the pipe 14, and through the pipe 14 to the
sprinkling tube 4, or to the water wheel 8. When, however, the water is not
required to pass through the casings 6, 6, the tap 11 is closed and the tap 12
is opened, and the water now passes direct by the pipes 13 and 14 to the water
wheel 8. A small pipe 15 passes from the casings 6, 6, to the outlet pipe 16, to
allow wash water to escape from the casings. The water used for the steeping
of the grain also escapes by the said outlet pipe 16. A thermometer 17, fixed
with the bulb inside the front end of the cylinder, indicates the temperature
of the grain therein, whilst examination of a limited quantity only of such grain
is afforded by means of the sample tube 18, fixed also in the front end of the
cylinder near the thermometer. Index gauges 20, consisting of strong plate
glass properly graduated, are situated at several points on the end of the
cylinder; the said indexes show the height of the grain and the plane of its
surface, from which data its quantity may be readily ascertained. I prefer to
give motion to the shaft b, carrying the stirrers or agitators c inside the
cylinder a, and to the archimedian screw i and fan p by means of the water
wheel 8, to which wheel water is supplied in the manner herein-before
described. Motion is transmitted from the said water wheel to the stirrers c,
screw i, and fan p in the following manner:-On the shaft 21 of the water
wheel 8 is a worm 22; the said worm 22 takes into a worm wheel on the
axis 23, situated at right angles to the axis of the said worm 22. One end of
the axis 23 carries a bevil pinion 24, which pinion gears with the larger
bevilled wheel 25 fixed on the axis of the screw i. The bevil pinion 24 is
keyed to the axis 23 by a sliding key, and can thereby be thrown into and
out of gear with the wheel 25 at pleasure. The opposite end of the axis 23
carries a worm (not shown in the Drawing), which engages with a spur
wheel 25 on the axis b, carrying the stirrers or agitators c; or in place of
the last described worm and spur wheel 25, a bevil pinion and bevil toothed
wheel I may be substituted respectively. On the axis of the water wheel 8 is a
pulley 26, the motion of which said pulley is transmitted by a band to the
small pulley 27, and from the pulley 27 through the pulley and band 28 to the
pulley 30 on the axis carrying the fan p. By the arrangement described and

page_text: represented of the transmitting gearing a very slow motion is communicated
to the axis of the stirrers or agitators c, a higher speed to the axis of the
screw i, and a high velocity to the axis of the fan p. I prefer to arrange the
gearing described so that the axis 6 of the agitators c shall make one revo-
lution to about 1000 revolutions of the water wheel, the screw i one revolution
to about 20 revolutions of the water wheel, and the fan p about 50 revolutions
to one of the water wheel. I do not limit myself to the use of the gearing
represented for giving motion to the several parts, as various other kinds of
gearing may be employed. By the use of a water wheel the water power
conveyed thereto may be distributed over any given space of time without
attention; thus sufficient water may be pumped in the evening (by manual
or other power) to a cistern elevated above the machine to give the requisite
motion and temperature to the grain in the process of malting till the following
morning. A similar power may also be obtained by means of a weight
imparting its descending power (regulated by a pendulum as in a clock) in
the proportions before specified. But any other motive power may be used if
preferred. It should also be observed that the power required for the before-
described process of manufacture, by reason of its being more economically
employed, will be considerably less and probably not more than half that of the
present system, while skilled labour may be entirely dispensed with.
The machine or apparatus is used as follows:-The usual notice having
been given to the revenue officer of the intention to steep grain, the pipe e is
turned into its position for closing the slot or outlet d in the cylinder a, as
represented in the Drawing, and the screw slide or valve k at the open end of
the said pipe e securely closed and locked or sealed by such officer, as the said
slide or valve k does not require to be used or interfered with during any part
of the process. The slide or valve 3 in the pipe q is also closed, and the slide
r of the pipe o opened. The fan p is then set in motion by means of the
water wheel 8 to draw in a current of air through the slider capable of
intercepting the grain (admitted by opening the slide n) at the point t, and
carrying away all refuse and grain of inferior gravity against the screen u,
whence it falls down the hopper v to any position required. The grain having
thus been introduced into the cylinder, sufficient water is supplied by means of
the sprinkling tube 4 for steeping it, or if preferred a regulated stream may
be kept circulating through the grain. When sufficiently steeped, as may be
ascertained by withdrawing some by the sample tube 18, the water is drained
therefrom by opening the slide valve 3, which valve 3 should be kept open
afterwards during the whole of the process to allow of the escape of the
carbonic acid gas evolved by the grain. Sufficient rotary motion is then

page_text: given to the water wheel 8 and fan p. to keep the grain at the requisite
temperature, which may be regulated by the slide or valve s, and will be
indicated by the thermometer 17. Sprinkling is performed as often as desired
by turning the water into the pipe 4 for that purpose, while the condition of
the grain is ascertained as often as may be desired by means of the sample
tube 18, and the motion and temperature of the grain increased or decreased,
as before described, to any degree the operator may think proper. When
sufficiently matured for drying the water is turned off from the casings 6, 6,
(if used) directly on to the water wheel 8, the fan p is then set in full
motion and the requisite temperature for drying produced by making a fire in
the fire-grate x. When the drying process is completed the revenue officer,
being notified to that effect, may attend to open the slide or valve k. The
slot of the cylinder a is then opened by turning the pipe e, and the bevil
The archimedian screw i is
pinion 24 thrown into gear with the wheel 25.
thus set in motion, and the malt falling from the cylinder a into the pipe e is
propelled by the said screw i to any elevated or other position required. It
has been before stated that the quantity of grain contained in the cylinder a
in all its stages is always accurately indicated by the index gauges 20,
which, together with the proper security afforded to the revenue from fraud
either by abstraction or compression during the whole process, entirely obviates
the necessity for a continuance of the present system of gauging or daily
supervision in case of the adoption of my Invention.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not
limit myself to the precise details herein described and represented in the
Drawing, as the same may be varied without departing from the nature of my
Invention; but I claim as my Invention, combining or arranging the parts of
machinery or apparatus for the manufacture of malt, substantially in the
manner herein-before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Watts, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW.
JOS. WATTS. (L.S.)