matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED "FIRE-LIGHTER
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Myers and George Myers
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 23rd April 1856.
We, ISAAC MYERS and GEORGE MYERS, of Rotherham, in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for AN IMPROVED
"FIRE-LIGHTER," to be as follows, and consists in making fire-lighters by
mixing together in suitable proportions the following articles, viz. :-
Sawdust
-
Small coal or coke
Tar, pitch, or rosin
112 pounds,
28 pounds,
112 pounds,
or thereabouts, due regard being had to the constituent qualities of the several
ingredients at command, so as to insure the complete combustion of the
inflammable matter contained therein.
The prepared mixture is moulded into cakes, and each cake is enveloped in
paper, which keeps it firm, and also assists combustion.
In some cases the tar, pitch, or rosin may be mixed together (or any two of
them), and the proportion of mixture be used instead of all of one of the
said items.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGNALLING FROM TRAINS WHILST IN MOTION
Year: 1856

page_text: application for
by the Act.)
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PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Baring Locke at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th January
1856.
I, GEORGE BARING LOCKE, of Notting Hill, Kensington, in the County of
Middlesex, Railway Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGNALLING FROM TRAINS WHILST IN MOTION" to
be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to apparatus or mechanism (which may, if
necessary, be made removeable) to be attached to the rear of a train, whereby
detonating signals (or other similar suitable signals) may be placed upon the
rail by being let down from the train on to the same. To this end, I use a
curved or suitable guide, descending from the railway carriage to the rail,
its end terminating close the top of the rail, where it should be steadied by
a flange, flanged wheel, or roller, or other suitable appliance, and near such
end of such guide, the better to draw on to and keep in position the signal on
the rail, a wheel or roller is provided.
In the guide I use a rod or conveyer to convey the signal down the guide to
the rail (under the last-mentioned roller, which rolls it on to the rail), the same
to bo provided with arms or prongs, which will project on each side of the rail,
and press down the straps (previously suitably bent) of the signal, causing the
same to clasp the rail, and be secured thereto. In order to shew when a
signal is duly placed on the rail, each signal comprises also an external fire-
work to give light in darkness, and smoke in the light without signalling.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BELLOWws
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Avery at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th August
1856. A communication.
I, JOHN AVERY, of the Patent Office, 32, Essex Street, Strand, London, but
at present residing in Paris, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BELLOWws," a communication from Chardon & Co., of
Lyons, in the Empire of France, to be as follows; and consists in a new com-
bination of partitions, valves, and pipes placed within smiths' or other bellows
so as to obtain a continuous regular blowing instead of an intermittent
blowing.
The improved bellows is constructed with five boards encased in leather or
other suitable material. The shape best suited for producing the desired
current of air is shewn in Fig. 2 in the annexed Drawings, and is composed of
two separate bellows A & B, both in communication with an air chamber C
(through pipes D & E), and from which the air is expelled through the nozzle
O to the fire.
Fig. 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of the bellows, and Fig. 2 the fifth
or upper board. Q shews the top board, without aperture, secured to the head
piece F; M, second board, with two apertures closed, with valves a, b, opening
upwards; N, third board, with four apertures, two of which are closed by valves p
opening upwards; R, fourth board, with an aperture for the passage of the
pipe D; P, lower board with two apertures, closed by valves d opening
upwards; L, blow pipes.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Ivers at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th September
1856.
I, SAMUEL IVERS, of Halshaw Moor, near Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of
Lancaster, Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
These improvements in looms consist in an improved picking motion, or a
combination of parts for throwing the shuttle across the shed. To the tappet
shaft, or other convenient part of the loom, are attached two levers, acting
alternately on levers projecting from side shafts; to each side shaft is attached
a second lever, acting on a stud projecting from the picking stick. By varying
the distance of this shed from the fulcrum of the picking stick, the strength of
the pick can be regulated to suit the fabric that is being woven.
AN IMPROVED COPYING PRESS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugo Frederick Forbes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
October 1856.
I, HUGO FREDERICK FORBES, of Florence, Tuscany, and of 45, Essex Street,
Strand, London, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED COPYING PRESS," to be as follows, and consists in giving the
required pressure by means of two levers, fastened one on each side of the
lower plate which supports the copying book. The pins which support these
levers are placed a little out of the centre of the lower plate. In the centre of
the upper and moveable plate are fixed on each side other pins which fit into
slots in the said levers, so that when the said levers are elevated it causes the
upper plate to rise sufficiently to place thereunder the book, and by depressing
the said levers the upper plate is caused to press upon the book to make the
copy of the letter. The upper plate is kept parallel by means of four or more
guides, which may be fastened in the upper or lower plate. The two levers
may be connected together by means of a rod, which may be weighted to give
the required pressure. It is advisable that the levers should be made of suffi-
cient length, that, by placing a comparatively small weight on the rod which
connects them, it will produce a multiplied effect on the pin which fits in
the slot.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BLAST FURNACES FOR SMELTING ORES
Year: 1856

page_text: Inis Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Henry Cradock Monckton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st September 1856.
I, EDWARD HENRY CRADOCK MONCKTON, of the Bengal Civil Service, and of
77, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BLAST FURNACES FOR SMELTING
ORES," to be as follows (that is to say):-
My Invention, which has reference to an improved method of introducing
and diffusing air or gases under pressure, in greater quantities than hitherto,
into the body of blast furnaces for smelting ores, consists in causing the sides
of the said furnaces to be fitted or surrounded with a series of air or gas tubes
or channels, for the purpose of causing the blast to converge from all sides
upwards and downwards; the orifices of the said tubes above the melted metal
are to be of larger dimensions than those in the lower portion below the
surface of the metal, the said tubes being so arranged as to admit of the blast
being simultaneously introduced and diffused into the body of the furnace, and
consequently, more equally distributed than by the method at present in use,
a more rapid circulation of air or gas and fusion of the ore being thereby
produced. The upper air or gas tubes, with enlarged or extended orifices,
being made to slant in a downward direction, cause the flame to reverberate
upon the mass below, and thus concentrate and economize the heat, the
pressure of the blast being increased or diminished at pleasure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FREEING OR PURIFYING ANIMAL FIBRES FROM ADMIXTURE WITH VEGETABLE MATTERS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given, within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Martin and Alfred Lodwick
Newman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 7th May 1856.
We, GEORGE MARTIN, of 6, Windmill Terrace, Camberwell, and ALFRED
LODWICK NEWMAN, of New Church St., Bermondsey, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN FREEING OR PURIFYING
ANIMAL FIBRES FROM ADMIXTURE WITH VEGETABLE MATTERS, to be as follows:-
Our said Invention consists in a mode of treating a mixture of animal fibres
and vegetable matters, so as to obtain the animal fibres freed or purified from
the vegetable matters. For this purpose, we first immerse the material in a
solution of soap or fatty matters, either with or without the addition of a
neutral salt, or in a solution of neutral salt alone, for the purpose of protecting
the animal fibres in the mixture from the action of the acid which we employ
in order to destroy the vegetable matters contained in the mixture; we then
dry the mixed materials, after which we immerse them in dilute acid and then
again dry them. The materials thus prepared we subject to the mechanical
action of a machine, by which the vegetable matters are reduced to powder or
caused to crumble, and so become capable of being separated from the
protected animal fibres.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTES
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Mills at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th June
1856.
I, WILLIAM MILLS, of 2, Lower Craven Place, Kentish Town, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTES," to be
as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in pianofortes, and consists
of applying the bridge at the back of the sound-board, in combination with
such an arrangement of the pins on the bridge and the strings, that whilst, on
the one hand, the bridge is drawn towards the bracings by springs, the strings,
in being pulled straight in tuning, draw the sound-board towards them. For
this purpose the bridge is glued or fixed to the back of the sound-board, and,
by means of screws and springs fixed to the bracings, the sound-board is drawn
towards the bracings. The pins fixed to the bridge pass through the sound-
board, and have notches or recesses formed in them, within which notches or
recesses the strings pass, and, when tightened, they draw the bridge and sound-
board towards them.
A THROAT GUARD, OR APPARATUS FOR PROTECTING THE THROAT AGAINST GAROTTING OR OTHER EXTERNAL VIOLENCE
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Wickens at the Office of
tho Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th December
1856.
I, HENRY WICKENS, of Tokenhouse Yard, in the City of London, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A THROAT GUARD, OR
APPARATUS FOR PROTECTING THE THROAT AGAINST GAROTTING OR OTHER EXTERNAL
VIOLENCE," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in placing between linen, canvass, cloth, or other
flexible material a series of strips or laths of wood, metal, or other rigid or
resisting material. These strips or laths are of such a length that one end
will rest upon the breast or other part of the body, while the other comes
above the chin in front and lower jaw bone at the sides. For ease in wear
the strips are gradually reduced in length as they approach the two ends of
the apparatus, which, when worn, will come at the back of the neck. An
apparatus of the kind above described may be conveniently worn inside of a
neck wrapper or handkerchief; or, with or without suitable joints in the strips,
may be inserted in the collar of a coat, cape, or cloak.
AN IMPROVED KNIPE-CLEANING MACHINE
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Key at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th January 1856.
I, THOMAS KEY, of Bethnal Green, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED KNIPE-CLEANING MACHINE" to be as follows:-
My Invention refers to a rotary knife cleaner, and consists in mounting
upon a spindle a circular or roller brush double the length of the knife blades,
around the surface of which I place a thin sheet of iron (or other suitable
metal or material) of sufficient width and length to encircle the same; and
round this sheet of iron I place two leathern straps, which, when buckled or
drawn tightly round, brings the inner surface of the iron in close contact with
the surface of the brush. It is then fixed in a box or case, the two ends of
the spindle passing through, and being supported by the ends thereof, in
which are a number of apertures describing a circle, the diameters of which
are equal to the diameter of the brush. Through these apertures the knives
are passed, and the blades pass between the surface of the brush and the sheet
of iron. On one end of the spindle a crank or handle is fixed, which when
turned causes the brush to rotate and pass over the blades of the knives. A.
few inches from each end of the box I fix a piece of wood similar in form
and area to the ends, thus forming double ends to the box, for the better
support of the spindle, and also for keeping the knives fixed in their proper

page_text: position when the machine is in use; apertures being made in these inner
ends similar to those in the outer ends: On the: top of the sheet of iron is
fixed a small box for containing the polishing material, which passes through
the bottom thereof on to the surface of the brush, and eventually into a drawer
beneath.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ENVELOPES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Markett at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th February
1856.
I, JOHN MARKETT, of Hastings, in the County of Sussex, Lieutenant in the
Royal Navy, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ENVELOPES" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in perforating or otherwise making apertures in the
edges of the paper of which envelopes are to be formed before or after their
formation into envelopes, and in bringing together two edges, side by side, so
as not to overlap with corresponding perforations, and uniting them by gum or
adhesive composition. My Invention also consists in a peculiarly formed
envelope. I find that when two sides of paper with perforated edges are
brought together and united by adhesive composition at the edges, that after
having been thoroughly dry they cannot be separated without some parts of
the paper between the perforations being torn, and shewing clearly that an
attempt has been made to separate them. My improved form of envelope is in
the shape of a pocket, with the paper whole at back and front, and folded
over at one side; the edges at top and bottom are perforated with similar
perforations, and are cemented together; the back is prolonged and formed
with a tongue, and two angle pieces are cut away from the sides of the front,

page_text: leaving a central flap. The letter is intended to be inserted through or at the
side, the tongue is tucked in, and the flap gummed or rendered adhesive and
perforated at the edges, is turned down and secured over the back end of the
tongue, a postage stamp,may then be placed over the top edge of the flap. A
secure envelope is thus formed, which cannot be tampered with or opened
without shewing that attempts have been made to open it.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND PREPARATION FOR IGNITING MATCHES
Year: 1856

page_text: This invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time, prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Alexander Bell and John
Black at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 7th May 1856.
We, SAMUEL ALEXANDER BELL and JOHN BLACK, of Bow Lane, in the City
of London, Vesta Light and Match Manufacturers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND PREPARATION
FOR IGNITING MATCHES, to be as follows:-
The object of the present Invention, of an improved method of and pre-
paration for igniting matches, is to prepare matches or instantaneous lights of
various kinds in such a manner that the articles cannot be ignited in the
ordinary manner of rubbing them on any rough substance, but must be brought
into contact with a composition prepared for the purpose of acting on and
igniting the chemical compound or ingredients applied to the end of the match.
In preparing the matches, we dispense with the use of phosphorus in the
chemical ingredients applied to the end thereof, and we thereby render them
less liable to ignite spontaneously or accidentally, and by that means the
liability to accidents is avoided. The ordinary preparation for igniting matches
by friction, and which is usually applied to the back, side, or end of the box
containing the matches, consists merely of sand, pounded glass, or some other

page_text: material, mixed with gum, so as to cause it to adhere to the box and present a
rough surface, which by its friction on the prepared end of the match will
cause the same to ignite with 'facility. It will be understood that if friction
alone is necessary to ignite these matches, this friction may be produced
accidentally when it is not required, and lamentable accidents may in con-
sequence occur. The liability to these accidents may, as before stated, be obviated
to a great extent by dispensing with the use of phosphorus in the preparation
at the end of the matches, and having done this we prepare a composition
consisting principally of phosphorus and gum, and apply the same to the back,
sides, or ends of the match box on the outside, and by rubbing the matches
thereon they will immediately ignite, although they will not ignite by friction
on an ordinary rough substance. If desired, a very fine grit, composed of
emery powder, pounded glass, or other analogous material, may be added to the
phosphorus and gum, so as to increase the friction, but it is not absolutely
necessary.
AN APPARATUS FOR CONTAINING AN ARRANGEMENT OF CARDS OR PAPERS FOR SELECTION
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Kisch at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th October
1856. A cominunication.
I, BENJAMIN KISCH, of Kennington, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN APPARATUS FOR
CONTAINING AN ARRANGEMENT OF CARDS OR PAPERS FOR SELECTION," to be as
follows (that is to say) :-
My Invention, which has reference to a mechanical arrangement for pre-
senting printed or inscribed surfaces of cards or papers for inspection and
selection, as a medium of advertising or otherwise, consists in so arranging
a series of the said cards or papers in sets, that, upon the front or outer one
being removed, the next or succeeding one may be brought forward so as to
take its place, until in like manner the whole set or number of cards or papers
have been withdrawn (with the exception of the last card or paper in each set,
which is retained in its position by a glass cover). To effect this object, I cause
a receptacle or frame to be constructed, of any convenient form, and divided
into cells or compartments, each cell or compartment being provided with a
yielding back, actuated separately by suitable spring movements so as to force
the cards towards the front of the compartment, and retain them in that
position for selection, the said cells or compartments being fitted with a
beading projecting over the sides of the cells in front, against which the edges.
of the cards are forced by the action of the spring backs and glass covers, an
opening or curve being left in the beading, so as to insert the finger to with-
draw the cards or papers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OVENS USED FOR FIRING PORCELAIN AND OTHER KINDS OF EARTHENWARE
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bromley and William Adanis
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on tho
25th March 1856.
We, JoпN BROMLEY, of Shelton, and WILLIAM ADAMS, of Etruria, both
in the County of Stafford, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OVENS USED FOR FIRING PORCELAIN AND OTHER KINDS OF
EARTHENWARE," to be as follows:-
The ovens at present in use give comparatively little room in their interior,
and occasion a large proportionate consumption of coal. By our Invention we
propose to remedy these drawbacks by making all the mouths of the oven do
their own duty. We fire the bottom and centre of the oven by flues from one
half the mouths thereof, and the outer rings and top of the oven are fired by
flues. from the other half of the mouths; we allow of no communication
between the flues for firing the bottom. and centre and those for firing the
outer rings and top of the oven. By these improvements we also exclude cold
air from the oven (which occasions the combustion of considerable coal,) while
in ovens constructed on the present principle, that is to say, having all their
flues procceding from the mouths to the centre, it is impossible so to do.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING AND VENTILATING APARTMENTS, BUILDINGS, AND SHIPS, AND IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO AND TO BE USED FOR SUCH PURPOSES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Wadsworth at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th December
1856.
I, JAMES WADSWORTH, of Hazelgrove, near Stockport, in the County of
Chester, Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING AND VENTILATING APARTMENTS, BUILDINGS,
AND SHIPS, AND IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO AND TO BE USED FOR SUCH PURPOSES,"
to be as follows:-
My improvements in heating consist in supplying the apartment to bo
heated with air which has been heated by passing through a stove or apparatus
constructed as follows:-
An external air chamber, having its outlet opening into the apartment to be
heated, envelopes an inner chamber or tubes, in which the gas or other heat-
producing combustible is to be burnt. The temperature of the air passing
into the room is raised, during its circulation through this outer air chamber,
by contact with the heated surface or surfaces of the inner chamber or tubes.
The outlet of the latter conveys the products of combustion away from the
apartment, so that they may not vitiate the atmosphere thereof, and air is
admitted to support combustion through valves, by which the supply can be
regulated at discretion. For ventilating apartments, I place the stove in
communication with the vitiated air occupying the upper part of the room on
the one hand, and with the external atmosphere on the other hand, by means

page_text: of pipes, and allow the draught caused by the heat to convey such vitiated air
away. If heat and ventilation are required conjointly, I place the inner or
combustion chamber only in communication with the upper part of the room,
using the air derived therefrom for the purpose of supporting combustion,
leaving the external or air chamber to furnish a supply of warm air.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST-IRON COOKING KETTLES AND SUCH LIKE HOLLOW WARE
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Sutton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th August
1856.
I, DANIEL SUTTON, of Banbury, Brewer, do hereby declare the nature of
the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST-IRON COOKING
KETTLES AND SUCH LIKE HOLLOW WARE," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in the manufacture of
cast-iron cooking kettles and such like hollow ware, and consists of casting
them each with a partition, which it is preferred should rise above the rim or
upper edge, and the two compartments are covered with two separate lids or
covers.
ECONOMISING THE CONSUMPTION OF FUEL
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Williams Vivian at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
August 1856.
I, RICHARD WILLIAMS VIVIAN, of the Town of Camborne, in the County of
Cornwall, Assayer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"ECONOMISING THE CONSUMPTION OF FUEL," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in supplying hot air charged with the vapour of water
in such a manner that such hot air and vapour of water shall come into contact
with the waste gases or waste products of combustion arising from any fuel
whatever, and thereby cause the waste gases or products of combustion to
ignite and produce an additional amount of free heat. The manner in which
the air is to be heated and combined with the vapour of water will depend
upon the form and object of the furnace or fire to which it may be applied,
whether for steam boilers, reverberatory furnaces, or any other furnace or fire
whatever; but for economizing the fuel consumed in heating boilers for
generating steam, I propose to place around the fire a double shell or chamber
closed at the ends, constructed of iron, copper, or any other suitable metal, of
nearly cylindrical form. This shell or chamber, extending around the fire, is to
be divided in the line of its horizontal axis. The upper shell or chamber is to

page_text: be cased with brick on its inner surface, and to be partially filled with water.
Into this upper shell or chamber I admit, by a draft way, ordinary atmospheric
air, and after uniting it with the vapour of water, I cause it to pass through a
series of tubes or pipes into the lower shell or chamber, where it becomes
rarified by the action of the fire already mentioned. The rarified air, charged
with the vapour of water, then passes on to the fire bridge, and by a suitable
arrangement is brought into uniform contact with the gases or products of
combustion escaping from the fire, and thereby inflaming or burning them.
A CERTAIN APPARATUS FOR TAKING MEASURE OF COATS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Armand Rieupayroux Janet at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th August 1856.
I, ARMAND RIEUPAYROUX JANET, of Perigueux, in the Department of
Dordogne, France, Tailor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A CERTAIN APPARATUS FOR TAKING MEASURE OF COATS," to be as.
follows:-
The object of this Invention is intended to give to the tailor the exact shape
of the figure of a man for the perfect cutting out of cloths.
As to those parts of the garment susceptible of modification according to the
exigences.of fashion, or the caprice of the wearer, it allows. full scope to the
skilfullness and good taste of the tailor.
The result of very long researches, it solves, by its simplicity, one of the
greatest difficulties in the art of tailoring.
A few bands fastened together with a nut and screw of pressure form the
whole apparatus.
The Drawing which accompanies this notice represents it in all its details,
seen flat for the half of the body reduced to the middle size of its develope-
ment.
In case the person to be dressed should have any deformity, the two sides

page_text: could not of course be measured with the same himatomètre; two apparatuses
would then be necessary.
The wish to reduce the price as much as possible has determined the
Inventor to cause one only to be made for the right side, which is in general
the most developed.
The machine not only recommends itself by the correctness of the measures
it supplies, and by the great advantages it offers to tailors, so as not to compel
them to try on several times the clothes supplied from their establishments,
and admits of great saving in the cloth by the correctness of cutting out.
It is, in fact, very easy to understand that the pattern being made upon paper,
one can cut without risk to the very edge of the cloth, which it would be
imprudent to do according to the methods adopted till now. Therefore
simplicity, correctness, and a saving of cloth, are the advantages which re-
commend our Invention.
To make use of this instrument, it is necessary, 1st, to join the back in front
by means of the buttons shewn. 2nd, place it to the right side; 3rd, fasten
the hook to the collar of the waistcoat. 4th, encircle the waist by means of a
ribbon. 5th, for single bands, unscrew the large pivots, so that the bands
slipping come easily to the desired dimension (rescrew to retain the exact
position. 6th, for double bands to stretch them more or less, and to fasten
them at the desired point by means of the small screws of pression, taking
care in the first place to unscrew the large pivots which correspond; rescrew to
retain exact position. 7th, take off the apparatus, seperate the back from the
front, place it flat upon a sheet of paper, trace the outlines, and the exact
measure is obtained; it only remains for the taylor to trace the complte
measure in following the point lines.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS POR THE PRODUCTION OF STEAM, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN ITS APPLICATION TO MOTIVE PURPOSES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Fennell Allman and Donald
Bethune at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 24th April 1856.
We, FENNELL ALLMAN, of Cambridge Terrace, Hyde Park, London, Con-
sulting Engineer, and DONALD BETHUNE, of the same Place, Esquire, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS POR THE PRODUCTION OF STEAM, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED
IN ITS APPLICATION TO MOTIVE PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The Invention may be generally described as being the generation or pro-
duction of steam in two or more vessels, one of such vessels being similar to
an ordinary boiler, namely, a vessel containing water to be converted into
steam by the application of heat, and a steam space in which such steam can
be retained or accumulated; a second vessel or calorifier is employed, into
which the steam from the boiler is passed, and to which second vessel or
calorifier heat is applied, so as to surcharge or desiccate the steam contained
therein. The steam passes from the boiler through a valve, cock, or other similar
contrivance into the second vessel or calorifier, in which it receives a second
dose of heat previous to its employment for motive purposes. We sometimes
employ two or more separate vessels, divided from the boiler by valves, cocks,
or other such contrivances. We also bring water as well as steam from the
boiler or other water chamber, which is forced into such second or additional

page_text: vessel or calorifier by the pressure of steam in the boiler or by pumping; the
amount of water so forced in being small in quantity, so as to be entirely and
rapidly converted into steam in the calorifier, causes an increased pressure of
steam in the calorifier, which cannot return to the boiler, being shut off by the
separating valve. From the calorifier the steam is emitted to the machinery
it is intended to move. We wish it to be understood that by separate
vessels we mean vessels united by pipes or other similar contrivances, but
capable of being separated by the closing of the cocks or valves in such pipes.
Heat may be applied to the calorifier by placing it in the flues of the boiler
or by employing a separate fire, or the calorifier may be placed in the water
of the boiler. The form of the boiler may be any such form as now in use,
and the form of the calorifier or separate vessel or vessels any suitable form,
such as tubes or pipes, when placed in the boiler flues, being made suf-
ficiently strong to resist a high pressure of steam. We also employ filters
with sand, chemicals, wire net, sponge, or other suitable strata or contrivances
to remove from the water supplied to the boiler or calorifier solid matter,
saline, or other foreign matter, which may form deposits or act prejudicially to
the material of the boiler or calorifier.
:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE NATURE AND MANUFACTURE OF WATERPROOF GARMENTS AND OTHER GOODS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthias Edward Bowra at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
January 1856.
I, MATTHIAS EDWARD BOWRA, of 63, Basinghall Street, in the City of
London, County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE NATURE AND MANUFACTURE OF WATERPROOF
GARMENTS AND OTHER GOODS, to be as follows:—
I intend using caoutchouc, either vulcanised or otherwise prepared, or I use
caoutchouc with any of the known mixtures at present in use, for the purpose.
of waterproofing cloths or other fabrics for the making of garments and other
waterproof goods.
1st. My improvement consists in making and ventilating waterproof goods,
viz., I cut the garments in the usual way, and at the bottom or skirt of such
garment I attach a piece of waterproof cloth of sufficient length and breadth,
that when required it can be used as a ground sheet or cover, or coat, cloak,
over coat, or cape, and by the piece attached to the garment when worn, it will
protect the legs from wet or damp, thereby dispensing with leggings, ground
sheet, and an extra over coat or cape, and by ventilating, it becomes a warm,
light, and durable garment.
2nd. I put a cape on the garments in the usual way, attached or detached,

page_text: and under such cape I perforate the back, chest, & shoulders with numerous
holes; and at the seams, viz., shoulder, side, sleeve, and other parts where
ventilation is required, I perforate; or I uso suitable cloth or material non-
waterproof, or I use tapes or bands perforated, taking care to cover such scams
or places with a waterproof cape, strapping, or bands, leaving sufficient space
at the sides and ends to allow free escape of the heat and perspiration from
the body, thereby rendering a coat, cloak, cape, and other garments by my
improvements perfectly waterproof and ventilating, more useful, durable, and
of greater general utility.
I do not claim any of the material herein mentioned, nor do I claim venti-
lation as being new; but I claim for the improvement in the nature or mode
of making and ventilating coats, cloaks, capes, caps, hoods, leggings, gloves,
boots, shoes, goloshes, and all waterproof goods requiring ventilation, as herein
described.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ENVELOPES
Year: 1856

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application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Stamford at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd December
1856.
I, EDWARD STAMFORD, of Charing Cross, in the City of Westminster,
Stationer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ENVELOPES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to provide a means for facilitating the
distribution by the clerks in the Post Office of local and other letters, in con-
formity with the recent Post Office Regulations. With this view I propose
to manufacture envelopes each with a designation, by preference, on their inner
face of some one of the several local districts, mapped out by the Post Office
authorities, and to provide the public by that means with a ready reference
shewing the district whence any local letter to be answered proceeded. By
this means, the trouble, on the one hand, of searching a map or directory for
the required information to ensure speedy delivery of an answer through the
post will be avoided, and the difficulty, on the other hand, of a writer teaching
a correspondent how to address his letter in reply.will be removed, as a writer
will be enabled to purchase envelopes having a mark corresponding to the
designation of his own district. The designation which shews the district I
propose to apply to the envelope by means of surface or other printing, or by
embossing or stamping.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHIMNEY PIECES, SHOP FRONTS, PILLARS, PILASTERS, SLABS, VASES, AND ORNAMENTAL PARTS OF BUILDINGS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Barnet Solomon Cohen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th March 1856.
I, BARNET SOLOMON COHEN, of 9, Magdalen Row, Great Prescot Street, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHIMNEY PIECES, SHOP FRONTS,
PILLARS, PILASTERS, SLABS, VASES, AND ORNAMENTAL PARTS OF BUILDINGS,"
be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the application of fuller's earth in the
manufacture of chimney pieces, shop fronts, pillars, pilasters, slabs, vases, and
ornamental parts of buildings; for which purposes the fuller's earth is ground
with water and rendered into a plastic state, and when desired is mixed with
coloring or other matters to produce different effects, and the same is then
moulded or formed by pressure in or by moulds or dies. The articles are then
fired or burned in kilns or ovens.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NEEDLES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur George Baylis and John
Green at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 24th September 1856.
We, ARTHUR GEORGE BAYLIS, of Redditch, in the County of Worcester,
Manufacturer, and JOHN GREEN, of Redditch aforesaid, Needle Finisher, and
Foreman to the said Arthur George Baylis, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF NEEDLES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in the method herein-after described of finishing or
perfecting the eyes of needles. After the eyes of the needles have been made
according to the ordinary method of manufacture, we thread a number of the
needles upon a wire, which wire we prefer to roughen, by means of a file or
otherwise; we place the needles thus strung upon a wire in a clamp or holder,
the said needles being held firmly in the said holder. An alternating motion
is communicated to the said wire by mechanical means, which we do not
think it necessary here to describe. We raise or lower from time to time the
holder carrying the needles, so that the wire, which always moves in the same
line, may sometimes operate upon the tops and sometimes upon the bottoms
of the eyes. By the treatment described any burr or other projection in the
eye of the needle is removed. Although our Invention is applicable to all
kinds of needles, yet it is specially applicable to needles made according to
the Invention for which Letters Patent were granted to Arthur George
Baylis, bearing date the Seventeenth day of June, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-six.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA- RATUS OR INSTRUMENTS FOR ASCERTAINING THE POINTS OF THE COMPASS, AND THE LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE OF A PLACE
Year: 1856

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application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Kinnersley Smythies at tho
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th May 1856.
I, JOHN KINNERSLEY SMYTHIES, of 27, Kensington Park Gardens, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA-
RATUS OR INSTRUMENTS FOR ASCERTAINING THE POINTS OF THE COMPASS, AND THE
LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE OF A PLACE," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists of employing a rapidly revolving wheel on gimbals,
so that it will place itself with its axis parallel to the earth's axis in such
manner that by measuring the angle which it makes with a fixed point, and
with the plane of the horizon, the points of the compass and the latitude will
be ascertained, and by suspending the revolving wheel on gimbals, and leaving
its axis free to move in any given plane, and constraining it to move in such
plane, and comparing the rate of revolution of the wheel's axis with a
chronometer, the latitude or longitude will be ascertained.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN FLYING OR ROVING FRAMES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas W. Taylor at the Office
of the Commissioners of. Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th March
1856.
I, THOMAS W. TAYLOR, of Cannelton, in the County of .Perry, in the State
of Indiana, one of the States in the United States of North America, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN FLYING OR
ROVING FRAMES," to be as follows:-
In the ordinary roving frames the flyer is attached to the top of the spindle,
which passes through the bobbin, which is raised and depressed as the yarn is
wound around it by a traverse motion, so called, the length of which corre-
sponds to the length of the bobbin. By this arrangement, while the yarn is
being received at the top of the bobbin, the top of the flyer and spindle is
twice the length of the bobbin or thereabouts from the upper bearing in which
the spindle turns. The great weight of the flyer attached to the top of the
spindle, and the liability of the spindle to spring, prevents the attainment of
any very great speed, it seldom being possible to reach more than from 800
to 800 revolutions per minute, according to the size and character of the
frame; besides, the wabbling motion which the spindle and flyer even at this
speed makes soon wears out and destroys the upper bearing in which it runs.
To obviate these serious difficulties, I have laid aside the present long spindle,
and the steps and rail at the bottom in which it runs, and in its place I attach
a short dead spindle in what was its upper bearing in the bobbin traverse beam,

page_text: and cause the bobbin to revolve around this spindle in the same manner and
by the same means as before used. I make the hub of the flyer much longer
than before and hollow, and make two journals on this hub, one at the top the
other at the bottom of the hub, and just over the apex or top of the flyer arms
between these two journals I apply suitable gear. These flyers and gears are
placed in a proper and immoveable frame over the aforesaid dead spindles and
bobbins, the centre of each bobbin pointing towards and being directly under-
neath the hollow or hole in the hub of the flyer. The roving is passed through
this hole, and through a tube in one arm of the flyer, and is thus delivered to
the bobbin. The bobbin traverse and the compensation movement for
diminishing the speed of the bobbin as it increases in size on receiving the
yarn are left undisturbed.
By means of this improvement I am enabled to lessen the cost of the frame,
to get a steadier motion with less wear and tear, and to increase the speed of
the flyer from its present rate of from 300 to 800 turns per minute to a speed
of from 1000 to 3000 turns per minute, getting thereby a corresponding
increase of production in roving or yarn.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CHEMICAL PREPARATIONS APPLICABLE TO THE PHOTOGRAPHIC AND PHOTO- GALVANOGRAPHIC PROCESSES
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Duncan Campbell Dallas at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th June
1856.
I, DUNCAN CAMPBELL DALLAS, of Islington, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CHEMICAL PREPARATIONS APPLICABLE TO THE PHOTOGRAPHIC AND PHOTO-
GALVANOGRAPHIC PROCESSES," to be as follows:-
The peculiarity of my said Invention consists in the employment of chromic
acid, either alone or in combination with photographic or other materials, as
hereafter mentioned.
I put a solution of chromic acid to a solution of gelatine; or with the solu-
tion of chromic acid I mix a solution of iodide of potassium, & add them to
one of gelatine; or the solution of chromic acid may be mixed with one of
nitrate of silver, and be added to one of gelatine; or, if required, all the four
solutions may be combined.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES OF STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Caesar Heilmann at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th August
1856.
I, CAESAR HEILMANN, of 22, Milk Street, Cheapside, London, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FURNACES OF STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
My improvements apply chiefly to steam boilers with internal flues and
furnaces or fire-places, and have for their object the better regulating the
draft, and the more effective combustion of the fuel, and the prevention of
smoke.
They consist, firstly, in a connection between the fire doors and the dampers,
whereby the opening or partial opening of the fire door (which in this instance
is so constructed as to slide up and down, instead of moving on hinges, as
usual) effects the simultaneous or partial closing of the damper.
And, secondly, my improvements relate to a simple mechanism for opening
the mouth of one and closing that of the other of two air pipes or tubes
which pass from the front of the boiler to the top of the bridge underneath
each of the fire-places whenever the corresponding fire door is opened for
firing, an operation which, as usual in such cases, is carried on alternately at
one and the other fire-place. This mechanism may consist of a lever placed
on a fulcrum between the two fire-places, one end of such lever being pro-
vided with a wheel segment, and gearing into a pinion, to which a damper is

page_text: attached, and which is placed close and opposite to the mouth of the air pipe,
whilst the opposite end of the lever is furnished with a counterweight, the
object of which is to keep the lever in the same position after it has been
acted upon by one of the fire doors, and until the other fire door is opened.
Each fire door has a tappet of wrought iron attached to it, projecting beyond
the door towards the lever, and as this lever is, above its fulcrum, furnished
with an inclined plane, the fire door, on being raised, presses by means of its
tappet against the inclined plane, thereby pushing the upper arm of the lever
outwards, and causing it to turn the pinion, with its damper, in the opposite
direction. One mouth piece is common to both air pipes, and it is divided
vertically in two halves by a diaphragm, so that as the revolving damper covers
one or the other half, the corresponding pipe becomes closed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES OR FIRE-PLACES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Juckes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th September
1856.
I, JOHN JUCKES, of Dame Street, Islington, do hereby declare the nature
of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES OR FIRE-PLACES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in stoves or fire-places; for
which purpose that portion of a stove or fire-place in which the fuel is con-
tained is arranged to turn on an axis at the back, and it has a grating or set
of fire bars in front. The basket or fire-place may be made of various forms;
it is, however, preferred to be of a spherical form, with a door at the top, and
the bottom, which is composed of fire bars or otherwise, for the passage of air.
When the fire requires fresh fuel, it is put into the fire-place through the
doorway, which for the time being is uppermost; the door is then to be closed,
and the fire-place or stove is to be turned half way round on its axis at the
back, by which the fresh coal will come below the well-ignited fuel of the fire.
The peculiarity of this construction is, that the axis is only at the back and
the fire bars are in front.