IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DETAILS AND FITTINGS OF WINDOWS, DOORS, AND OTHER SIMILAR CONTRIVANCES APPLIED TO BUILDINGS AND OTHER STRUCTURES
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Carter and Thomas Chalmers, both of
Dumfermline, in the County of Fife, North Britain, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DETAILS AND FITTINGS OF WINDOWS, DOORS,
AND OTHER SIMILAR CONTRIVANCES APPLIED TO BUILDINGS AND OTHER
STRUCTURES."
Sealed the 1st May 1868, and dated the 12th November 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Carter and Thomas
Chalmers at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 12th November 1867.
We, JAMES CARTER and THOMAS CHALMERS, both of Dumfermline, in the
County of Fife, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DETAILS AND FITTINGS OF WINDOWS,
DOORS, AND OTHER SIMILAR CONTRIVANCES APPLIED TO BUILDINGS AND OTHER
STRUCTURES," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to improvements in outside "architraves," " plinths,"
or ornaments for "rybats," upstarts, "mullions," and other similar details
for windows, doors, and other similar contrivances applied to buildings and
structures, and consists in forming the "architraves," "facings," "plates,"
and other ornamental details wholly or partly of cast iron, brass, steel, marble,
slate, porcelain, glass, encaustic tile, or terra-cotta work. The porcelain,
glass, or other materials previously named may be used in different colours as

page_text: in encaustic tile work. These can be fixed to the cases by screws very
quickly, and when so fixed present a more finished external appearance than,
and at half the cost of masonry, where cutting or hewing of stone is
required.
This Invention also includes the formation of bases, string "courses," corners,
and coping of every description of the materials herein-before mentioned to be
used in combination with stone and brick work, and will be of great value for
covering, protecting, and ornamenting lintels, wood beams, and other similar
contrivances for the outside of buildings. In brickwork, where the walls are
9 inches thick or thereabouts, the wood lintel may be kept all the breadth of
the wall, and the outside edge of same may be protected from the weather by
means of an ornamental metal plate and flange.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Carter and Thomas Chalmers in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 11th May 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
CARTER and THOMAS CHALMERS, both of Dumfermline, in the County of Fife,
North Britain, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said James Carter and Thomas Chalmers, Her special license that we,
the said James Carter and Thomas Chalmers, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said James Carter and Thomas
Chalmers, our executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE DETAILS AND FITTINGS OF WINDOWS, DOORS, AND OTHER SIMILAR CONTRIVANCES
APPLIED TO BUILDINGS AND OTHER STRUCTURES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said James Carter and Thomas Chalmers, by an instru-
ment in writing under our hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent

page_text: Office within six calendar months next and inmediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Carter and Thomas
Chalmers, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is
to say-
Our said Invention, which relates to improvements in outside "architraves,"
"plinths," or ornaments for "rybats," "upstarts," "mullions," and other
similar details for windows, doors, and other similar contrivances applied to
buildings and structures, is based upon other Inventions for which Letters
Patent were granted to James Carter, bearing date the 14th day of
June 1866, numbered 1616, and the 16th day of February 1867, and
numbered 482, respectively, and consists in forming the "architraves,"
"facings," "plates," and other ornamental details wholly or partly of cast iron,
brass, steel, marble, slate, porcelain, glass, encaustic tile, or terra-cotta work.
The porcelain, glass, or other materials may be used in different colours as in
encaustic tile work. These can be fixed to the cases by screws very quickly,
and when so fixed present a more finished external appearance than, and at
half the cost of, masonry, where cutting or hewing of stone is required.
This Invention also includes the formation of bases, string courses, corners,
and coping of every description of the materials herein-before mentioned to
be used in combination with stone and brick work, and will be of
great value
for covering, protecting, and ornamenting lintels, wood beams, and other con-
trivances for the outside of buildings. In brickwork, where the walls are
9 inches thick or thereabouts, the wood lintel may be kept all the breadth of
the wall, and the outside edge of the same may be protected from the weather
by means of an ornamental metal plate and flange.
And in order that our said Invention may be properly understood, we now
proceed more particularly to set forth the system, mode, or manner in or
under which the same is or may be used or practically carried into effect,
reference being had, for the sake of more complete elucidation, to the letters
and figures upon the explanatory Sheets of Drawings which we have hereunto
appended, that is to say :-
Figure 1, Sheet 1, is a part front elevation of a block of building showing
the general effect produced by the application of east iron or other plates to
veneering or encasing stone; brick, or wood buildings of any description
according to this Invention. The walls may be built of stone piers of a

page_text: common description of masonry known as rubble work, as shown at A, or
they may be constructed of brickwork, as shown at B, and veneered or
encased with cast-iron pannels, as shown at G, or instead of making the pannels
solid they may be constructed of framework, the spaces in which may be fitted
with pannels of marble, granite, slate, glass, porcelain, encaustic tile, or terra-
cotta, or the cast-iron pannels may be enamelled. For convenience in fixing
the pannels bond timbers are built into the walls, as shown at C, and instead
of placing stone lintels over doors, windows, or other voids in the walls, wood
lintels or bond timbers are introduced in long lengths, as shown at D, or iron
beams may be used, to which ornamental metal cornices or string courses are
fastened, as shown at H, H. The architraves and pilasters of doorways and
windows are also formed of ornamental cast-iron pannels or slabs, and the
capitals and bases of columns and pilasters may be formed of marble, granite,
slate, terra-cotta, or other suitable substance, or the shafts may be formed of
these materials, and the capitals and bases of metal. Roof or attic windows
are shown at E, E, Figure 1, these may be formed of one or more parts,
according as it may be designed. Before fitting up the metal oasing or
framing on the building it is preferred to paint both sides with one or more
coats of red lead paint, and after the building is finished all the outside work
may be painted stone or other colour.
Figure 2, Sheet 1, is an enlarged section of a cornice or string course and
pannel. F is the cornice attached to the bond timber or wood lintel D by
means of the screws J; K is a metal frame into which a pannel L of marble,
granite, slate, or other substance is fitted, the void between the pannel and
the wall being filled with concrete or any kind of liquid cement; all the voids
between the metal pannelling and the walls being filled in the same manner,
so as to keep the walls air and water tight, by effecting this we are enabled
to dispense with strapping and lathing the walls inside. Details of construc-
tion are shown on Sheet 2. Figure 1 is an elevation, and Figure 2 a sectional
plan of a design for the corner of a building. L is a metal pilaster formed so
as to embrace the corner of the building N; the space M being filled with
concrete or cement; G are the straps or holdfasts by which it is secured to the
building, Figure 3 is a side elevation of one of the straps G; the part a
passes through a hole in the eye or snug 6, which is cast on the inside of the
pilaster L, the other end of the strap being secured to the building by the pin
or screw c. Figure 4 is a section of a metal astragal, which may be built into
masonry, or secured to the bond timber with a groove or check to receive a
pannel a of marble, granite, glass, or other material. Figure 5 shows a
method of forming joints in the pannels or framing, the upper plate M having

page_text: a moulding or enrichments e projecting beyond the face of the lower plate N,
so as to form an overlap and water-tight joint. Figure 6 is an elevation of
framing for raised or sunk pannel work with moulding or enrichments formed
round the edge of the frame; H is the metal frame, and I is the panel, which
may be of marble, granite, or other suitable material. Figure 7 shows
a method of fitting in windows without forming a check in the stone for their
reception; K, K, are the piers of the building; L, the windows; M, the
architraves formed with a web f at right angles to the face of the building, so
as to form a check for the window frame.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and the manner
in or under which the same is or may be used or practically carried into
effect, we would observe in conclusion that what we consider novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to us by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent is, the construction of buildings, window
frames, door frames, and doors, as well as other parts of buildings of an
ornamental character by coating or veneering the same, with plates of iron
or other metals, marble, slate, porclain, glass, encaustic tile, or terra-cotta ;
also the mode of fixing pannels by filling up the voids between the pannels and
the building with cement or other suitable cementing material.
In witness whereof, we, the said James Carter and Thomas Chalmers,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Eighth day of May, One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.