matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED LOCK-OR FASTENER FOR SECURING. THE POSITION OF WINDOW SASHES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harry Hibbert at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
October 1873.
I, HARRY HIBBERT, of Forest Hill, in the County of Kent, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention for "AN IMPROVED LOCK-OR
FASTENER FOR SECURING. THE POSITION OF WINDOW SASHES," to be as follows:-
The Invention is designed for the purpose of locking and securing the
sashes of windows when closed or when partially opened for ventilation,
so that the same cannot be unlocked, tampered with, or acted upon from
the outside.
The improvements consist in providing the grooves of the window
frame in which the sashes slide with spring catches or bolts, one to each
sash. These spring catches or bolts are situated at points in the frame,
above and below the junction where the sashes meet when closed, and
are so arranged that when the window is closed or partially open, the
catch secured to the groove in which each sash moves or slides would
when free, as herein-after described; enter one of a series of holes or
recesses formed in a plate or rack which is firmly secured to and flush
with the edge of each sash,

page_text: '
The formation of the spring catches is such that they will admit of the
sashes being forced in a direction that would close the window without
hindrance, but when being forced in a contrary direction so as to open
the window would offer a resistance thereto.
In order to release or unlock the catches so that the window can be
opened from the inside, that is in the room, each catch is provided with
an actuating finger and spindle, terminating in a knob or button head
protruding from the framing at points conveniently near to the catches,
and in a position that would allow the finger secured to the spindle to
act upon a projecting tongue of the spring catch, in such a manner that
when the knob of the spindle was turned it would force or hold back the
catch, and so allow whilst in such position the sashes of the window to
be opened or closed without any impediment or obstruction, but when
the sashes are closed or partially open for ventilation, the release of the
catch would cause the same to enter into one of the recesses, and so
prevent any movement of the sashes in a direction that would open the
windows from the outside. An over lap edge or curvature given to the
Jower portion of the framing of the rack or of the catches would prevent
the insertion of any instrument that might be employed for the purpose
of shooting or holding back the bolt or catches, with a design of opening
the windows, thereby making it impossible to open the window only
from the inside in the manner described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING TINNED IRON PLATES AND SCRAP IN ORDER TO RECOVER THE TIN THEREFROM
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Venceslas Zenger at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th October 1873.
I, CHARLES VENCESLAS ZENGER, of Charing Cross Hotel, in the
County of Middlesex, Professor of Physics, Prague, Bohemia, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING
TINNED IRON PLATES AND SCRAP IN ORDER TO RECOVER THE TIN THEREFROM," to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the treatment of tinned
iron sheet scrap and other tinned bodies, and consists in subjecting
them singly or combined to a bath composed of common salt and caustic
soda in solution at a strength of about 36° Beaume, the bath having a
proportion of nitrate of soda or peroxide of manganese (Brownstone) in it,
which will act as an oxidizing salt or body that will keep the solution in
a liquid state, the object being to remove the tin by an action upon the

page_text: iron which will throw off the tin from the surface, the tin being after-
wards collected and reused for tinning purposes. The bath is maintained
at about the heat employed for coating plates with liquid tin, whereby
the thrown off tin is reduced to a liquid state.
AN IMPROVED ADVERTISING MEDIUM
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Francis Glembowiecki
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 16th May 1873.
I, ANDREW FRANCIS GLEMBOWIECKI, of 64, Basinghall Street, in the
City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED ADVERTISING MEDIUM," to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention has for its object the following:-Advertising having
become an absolute necessity in commercial life, and great success often
attending a judicious and well-applied publicity, it has been found that
one of its most important features is for the advertiser to get his goods
or whatever may be the subject of his advertisement in direct view of
the public without obtrusiveness, and in short to find introduction into
private families without being the direct sender of such advertisements.
To this object my Invention is directed, and it consists in so arranging
and folding letter and other paper that it may serve at once for corre-
pondence and advertisement, and by this ensure its admission into
private circles through the post in the ordinary way.

page_text: In order to clearly comprehend the nature of the same, reference is
made to the accompanying sketch Drawing, and the letters of reference
thereon:
b
The sheet of paper is divided into three parts a, b, c, the page a
receiving advertisements only; b and c being reserved for the corre-
pondence in the usual way if required, if not the page 6 may be used
for price lists, views, invoices, and other similar purposes as required.
The back of the pages b and c being entirely reserved for advertisements,
and the back of a serves as envelope for the address, and with the
folding tongue shuts the letter completely up. The dotted lines show
perforations for detaching this portion if required.
By this method the advertiser is sure of his advertisement being seen
by at least two persons, first the sender, and secondly the receiver.
I would state that I do not confine myself to the precise form of the
arrangements shown and described, and also that photographs, prints,
lithographic and other printing may be used therewith, and the paper
may be of any sort and color that may be found desirable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PORTLAND CEMENT
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Ward, of Battersea, in the County of
Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
PORTLAND CEMENT."
Sealed the 24th June 1873, and dated the 3rd May 1873:
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Ward at tho
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd May 1878.
I, JOHN WARD, of Battersea, in the County of Surrey, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF PORTLAND CEMENT," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to economise time and labour in
manufacture while improving the quality of the cement.
manufacture of Portland cement has been chiefly conducted in

page_text: By the wet process of manufacture the chalk and clay are washed
together in wash mills with a large quantity of water so as to bring
them to a liquid sufficiently thin to flow into backs or reservoirs, where
it remains until it is sufficiently solid to be removed on to drying
stoves, and when sufficiently dry it is burnt in kilns and finally
ground.
By the dry process, chalk or limestone and clay are each dried
artificially, ground in mills to a fine powder, and then intimately mixed
in pug mills or otherwise with the addition of sufficient water to bring
the whole into a paste suitable for forming into brick or other shaped:
lumps, which are then dried and burnt and afterwards ground.
I propose to run the liquid chalk and clay from the wash mill into
any suitable mixing mill, into which I then introduce a certain quantity
of quicklime; when thoroughly mixed I remove the whole to drying
stoves, and when dry burn and grind in the ordinary manner.
I thus
avoid running the liquid into backs or reservoirs as the lime in the
process of slaking absorbs a large quantity of the water from the liquid
chalk and clay, leaving it sufficiently solid to go at once to the stoves.
The quantity of lime required for this process will vary from about
10 per cent. to 30 per cent., according to the proportions of chalk a
to clay used in the process of washing, and to the quality of the
materials.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPES OR APPARATUS FOR USE IN SMOKING
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Osborn Spong at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th May 1873.
I, JAMES OSBORN SPONG, of 28, King William Street, Strand, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPES OR APPARATUS FOR USE IN SMOKING," to be as
follows:-
The object of the Invention is that walking sticks, or the sticks of
umbrellas or sunshades, or the handles of whips may be made available
to be used as pipes for tobacco, or as cigar or cigarette holders. For
this purpose the knob or other handle end of the article to which the
Invention is applied is perforated to serve as the mouthpiece, and may
be formed of or be capable of receiving amber or other suitable material
agreeable to the mouth. The stem from this part is hollow, forming the
tube, and may be lined with any suitable material. This stem is per-
forated at any suitable position in the direction of its length to receive

page_text: the stem of the bowl which is applied by screwing or otherwise, so as to
be capable of application or removal at pleasure.
The hollow of the stem when carried beyond the position for the
application of the bowl will serve to receive the nicotine or other
matters to be drawn off or forced out at any suitable position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MATCHES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cribb and John
Rackham at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 14th October 1873.
We, WILLIAM CRIBB, of No. 52, Pembroke Road, Kensington, in the
County of Middlesex, Practical Chemist, and JOHN RACKHAM, of
No. 62, Brunswick Street, Stamford Street, Blackfriars, in the County
of Surrey, Printer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MATCHES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in the manufacture of matches in such
manner that they may not only be used for the purpose of ignition by
friction in the ordinary way, but also for advertizing purposes, and to
effect those results we use strips of paper of sufficient strength, cardboard,
pasteboard, wood pulp board, millboard, lined scaleboard, strawboard,
or other suitable material properly prepared, and on which business
or other notices or matters have been printed or lithographed as
advertisements. The notices or other matters can be so executed in
numbers on the material in sheets or broad strips which can afterwards

page_text: be cut to the required width of a match, and so as to give one or more
advertisements on each strip, and the composition for ignition is
afterwards applied to the strip to complete the match in the same way
that it is now applied to make the ordinary lucifer, congreve, fusee, and
other lighting matches.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FILTERING LIQUID AND GASEOUS BODIES, WHICH APPARATUS IS APPLICABLE TO THE WASHING OF CLOTHES, AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th July 1878.-A communication from abroad by Thomas Robert-
son Sinclaire, of the City and State of New York, United States of
America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR FILTERING LIQUID AND GASEOUS BODIES, WHICH APPARATUS IS APPLICABLE TO
THE WASHING OF CLOTHES, AND OTHER FABRICS," to be as follows:-
111
The object of this Invention so far as it relates to filtering is to over-
come certain difficulties which have been encountered when filtering
under pressure.
In filtering with the ordinary apparatus under pressure it has been
found that more or less of the liquid or gas under treatment will force
its way between the charcoal or other filtering material, and the case or
sides of the vessel containing the latter or through channels in the
filtering material, and will consequently be but partially filtered or
AN IMPROVED EMBROIDERING AND BRAIDING MACHINE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th December 1873. A communication from abroad by the
Société Alminana, and Sarkissian and Alexandre Henri Gigaroff, of
Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in
the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED EMBROIDERING AND BRAIDING MACHINE,"
a communication to me from abroad by the Société Alminana, and
Sarkissian and Alexandre Henri Gigaroff, of Paris, France, to be as
follows:-
The distinctive characteristics of this machine are that of embroidering
and braiding upon every kind of fabric without the necessity of turning
the fabric to make it follow the contours or figures it is desired to
execute in embroidery or in braiding.
An important point in this machine is the possibility of executing the
braiding simultaneously with the embroidering, and that without

page_text: changing any of the parts it may simply embroider and not braid, or
vice versa.
The various parts of sewing machines in general are so well known
that a simple description of the parts embodying this Invention is
deemed sufficient for a Provisional Specification.

page_text: sliding on this shaft and a pin fixed to it produces the connection
between fly and shaft. If by a movement this pin leaves the notch
which it has in the fly wheel, this latter turns loosely on the shaft
without moving it.
The displacement of the disc and of the pin is obtained by the action
of a cam at the proper moment.
As above stated one of the main points of this machine is its faculty
of laying the braid. The placing of this braid is obtained with facility
by guiding it under the needle in the direction of the feeding or guiding
arrangement so that it may follow the same contours or turns as the
fabric. This result is obtained by means of an eye or opening in the
cloth presser, through which is passed the braiding cord, this cloth
presser which follows all the movements of the feeding or guiding
arrangement must consequently direct the braid in a suitable manner.
With the same cloth presser and without alteration, the machine may
be made to execute embroidery only or braiding only as may be desired.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FLYERS FOR ROVING, SLUBBING, AND OTHER FRAMES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Tweedale at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
June 1873.
I, EDMUND TWEEDALE, of, Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster,
Fitter, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FLYERS FOR ROVING, SLUBBING, AND OTHER
FRAMES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction
of flyers used in roving, slubbing, intermediate, and jack frames to
prevent the breaking of the sliver by the collecting of loose fibre in the
hollow or tubular leg of such flyers, and which accumulation goes
on until the passage of the sliver is so interfered with that it finally
breaks.
In performing my Invention I construct the slit in the tubular leg
with one edge overlapping the other in the direction in which the flyer
revolves, by which means the sliver is as easily introduced into the
hollow or tubular leg as heretofore, and at the same time facility is
afforded for the escape of the accumulating obstruction.
IMPROVED MEANS OF OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER BY THE RISE AND FALL OF THE TIDE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Rodney Huxley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd September 1878.
do
I, CHARLES RODNEY HUXLEY, of St. Helier's, Jersey, M.R.C.S.L.,
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OF
OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER BY THE RISE AND FALL OF THE TIDE," to be as
follows:-
=
My Invention relates to improved means of utilizing the rising and
falling of the tide for obtaining motive power for driving machinery or
any other purpose to which it may be applied.
According to my Invention I employ one or more buoyant vessels of
any suitable dimensions, arranged within suitable basins or reservoirs to
which the water has free access. Each chamber or vessel is attached to
an endless chain or chains passing over chain wheels above and below
the buoyant vessel, and to each chain wheel suitable machinery is
geared, by which the motion obtained by the rising and falling of the
buoyant vessel by the action of the tide is multiplied and transmitted
where required..
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE AXLES AND AXLE BOXES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sydney Lawson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
March 1873.
I, SYDNEY LAWSON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manager of Works, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE AXLES AND AXLE BOXES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described
in constructing and arranging the parts of carriage axles and axle
boxes.
I make the axle box in the following way :-I take wrought-iron
tubing, whether welded, drawn, or solid drawn, or I take other metal
tubing of the required strength, and from the said tubing I make that
part of the axle box called the barrel. The head or large part of the
axle box I make of a separate piece, and connect it to the barrel part
by engaging a screw in its interior with a screw on the end of the said
barrel part.

page_text: I make the front or outside bearing of the axle in the ordinary way,
that is with a collet having right and left handed screw nuts for securing
the box from coming off. At that end of the barrel of the axle box
where the head or larger part screws on the barrel part, I make a rounded
or inclined internal shoulder taking its bearing against a correspondingly
shaped collar on the axle. In that part of the axle situated at the back
of the said collar is an annular recess serving as a reservoir for con-
taining oil, and following this recess is a second or back collar for the
packing to bear against and to prevent the escape of oil. The head of
the axle box terminates in a cap screwed thereon, the said cap being
in two parts. The inner part is an annular disc through the central
hole in which the arm of the axle passes. This central part is conical,
its smallest diameter being outwards, while the other part of the cap
has a corresponding conical figure, and when screwed on the end of
the box presses the inner part of the cap firmly against the packing.
The said packing being thus compressed against the second or back
collar the oil is prevented from escaping, and the same arrangement
serves also to prevent the wheel from coming off the axle in case the
axle breaks. Oil is supplied through a small hole in the head of
the axle box.
Where the axles are without solid flaps for connecting the
springs to the cap may be made in one piece.
The recess or reservoir described for containing the oil may be dis-
pensed with, a single collar in this case being substituted for the back
and front collars described.
By this modification the head of the axle box is much shortened, and
the head and cap may either be made as already described or made in
one piece.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPARATUS For the Manufacture of SulphatE OF SODA, CHLORINE, HYDROCHLORIC ACID, AND CEMENTS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Hartley Kenyon, of the Firm of Kenyon
Brothers, Manufacturing Chemists, of Warrington, in the County
of Lancaster, and Israel Swindells, of the same Place, Analytical
Chemist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPARATUS
For the Manufacture of SulphatE OF SODA, CHLORINE, HYDROCHLORIC ACID,
AND CEMENTS."
Sealed the 4th November 1873, and dated the 19th August 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Hartley Kenyon and
Israel Swindells at the Office of the Commissioners_of_Patents,
with their Petition, on the 19th August 1873.
We, HARTLEY KENYON, of the Firm of Kenyon Brothers, Manu-
5 facturing Chemists, of Warrington, in the County of Lancaster, and
ISRAEL SWINDELLS, of the same Place, Analytical Chemist, do hereby

page_text: declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND
Apparatus for the Manufacture OF SULPHATE OF SODA, CHLORINE, HYDROCHLORIC
ACID, AND CEMENTS," to be as follows :—
In the manufacture of sulphate of soda, chlorine, and hydrochloric
acid wo take rock or manufactured salt and its equivalent of sulpher, as
burnt or unburnt copper or iron pyrites to decompose the salt. These
are mixed together and ground fine and then burnt in furnaces, into
which sufficient air is admitted to support combustion and to ignite the
sulpher in the after part of the process to be presently described.
We also take a mixture of salt and alkali makers' waste, ground
together in the proportion of 80 to 20, more or less, and then made into
balls or bricks and dried. This dried mixture wo introduce into a
chamber herein-after called a cupola, which is of special construction,
and is heated as hercin-after described. The gases liberated from tho
first mentioned process are now passed through this dried mixture, when :
the heat communicated to such cupola along with the atmospheric air
causes the sulpher to ignite, so rendering the salt porous and easily
acted upon by the sulphurous or sulphuric acid.
We also take the same alkali makers' waste and burn the same in
any suitable furnace along with air and steam, either superheated or
otherwise, and pass the gases evolved through the dried mixture in the
cupola before mentioned, after which such gases are passed through
towers in the usual manner, and any gas not so condensed is passed
through scrubbers containing cream oxide of magnesia.
The residuum of the alkali makers' waste when treated as lastly
described is useful for the manufacture of hydraulic and other cements
by adding silicate of alumina and any deficiency of lime.
The chamber or cupola herein-before mentioned consists of a
cylindrical chamber surrounded on the outside by an outer casing,
forming a spiral flue, which is heated by the products of combustion
from the drying or other furnace, and at the top opens into the
ordinary chimney, or may be extended upwards to form a chimney of
itself.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF NITRATE OF SODA
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Cutbert Russell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
April 1873.-A communication from abroad by Robert Moore and
Tomas Robert Williamson, both of Iquique, Peru, South America.
I, CUTBERT RUSSELL, of 2, Talbot Court, Gracechurch Street, in the
City of London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF NITRATE OF
SODA," a communication from abroad by Robert Moore and Tomas
Robert Williamson, both of Iquique, Peru, South America, to be as
follows:-
:-
This Invention consists in constructing improved apparatus suitable
for the manufacture of nitrate of soda as represented by the accom-
panying Drawing, the parts being denoted by letters of reference marked
thereon, as follows:-

page_text: .
closed cachucho or tank; B, wrought-iron steam dome; C, wrought-iron
angle iron ring rivetted to boiling tank; D, cast-iron ring faced and
rivetted to angle iron C with rivets countersunk on faced side; E,
wrought-iron door with two strengthening bars or ribs of T iron
(marked 1); as shewn, a cast-iron ring (marked. 2) faced on one side is
rivetted to wrought iron door with countersunk rivets on the faced side;
F, a cast-iron sheive and frame rivetted to door; G two wrought-iron
hinges rivetted to door; H, two wrought-iron hinges rivetted to tank; I,
15 wrought-iron studs bolted through angle iron ring and tank; J, 15
square bolts with split jaws at one end with a pin through stud bolts,
one end of the square bolts to have split cotters as shewn to tighten up
the door; K, two wrought-iron perforated pipes one on each side of the
tank for boiling by steam; L, wrought-iron branch steam pipé; M,
wrought-iron shaft for driving cars with four spur pinions (marked 3);
N, two cast-iron boxes rivetted to tank with stuffing boxes at each end
(marked 4) for shaft to be steam tight; O, cast-iron bevil wheel; P, cast-
iron stop-cock for drawing off water; Q, four wrought-iron cars per-
forated all over. A cast-iron spur shroud (marked 5) is bolted to one
end of the car; A cast-iron centre (marked 6) is bolted to each end of
the oar, also a door (marked 7) with three hinges; R, wrought-iron car
frame fitted with two cast-iron bearings (marked 8) lined inside; also
two wrought-iron bars (marked 9) rivetted to the frame; also two
wrought-iron bolts or stays (marked 10), and four cast-iron bearings for
wheel axles (marked 11) bolted to the frame as shewn; also four cast-
iron wheels (marked 12) two wrought-iron axles (marked 13). Rails
from end to end of tank (marked 14). Rail chairs bolted to tank
(marked 15); S, four wrought-iron round bolts or stays extending from
end to end of cars; T, six wings or bearing plates, three on each side,
rivetted to the tank.
AN IMPROVED GAS BURNER TO BE EMPLOYED FOR GASSING YARN
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bamber at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
October 1873.
I, WILLIAM BAMBER, of Openshaw, near Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED GAS BURNER TO BE EMPLOYED FOR GASSING YARN," to be as
follows:-
The Invention relates to a peculiar burner to be employed for the
purpose of gassing or singeing yarns, and is designed to produce a clear
blue flame to economize the gas and prevent the yarn from being smoked
and the burnt fibres or other impurities from choking the jet or orifice
whence the gas issues.
The Invention consists of a cylindrical tube or burner made in two
pieces screwed together so as to admit of easy access for cleaning, and
having slots or orifices at the bottom to admit air, and perforated at the
top. To the bottom of this tube or burner I have affixed a small tube
which screws into the main gas pipe, and inside this at the top is
screwed or fixed a smaller tube projecting up through the bottom of the

page_text: burner. This tube is closed at the top and slotted or perforated at the
sides so as to allow the gas to escape, but to prevent the burnt fibres or
other impurities from falling into and blocking up the gas passage, as
any burnt fibres or dust that may fall in through the top perforations
will fall out again at the openings in the bottom, and thus the burner is
self-clearing. The gas escaping at the lateral slots or perforations
becomes mixed with the air which enters by the bottom openings and
issuing at the top perforations burns with a clear blue flame.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SEPARATING OR SORTING SEEDS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Boby at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
July 1873.
I, ROBERT BOBY, of Bury St. Edmund's, in the County of Suffolk,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SEPARATING OR SORTING SEEDS," to be as
follows:-
The main object of my Invention is to separate from grain and useful
seeds the seeds of weeds, which are generally smaller than the useful or
valuable seed. To this end the seed or grain to be operated upon is
placed in a hopper, at the bottom of which is a slot or opening, the size
or width of which is capable of adjustment, so that a regulated quantity
of seed or grain may pass through and fall upon an inclined screen
which is perforated, or is constructed of wire or wire gauze of a gauge
depending upon the size of the grain that is to be screened. I prefer to
construct the surface of this screen in steps or corrugations, so that the
grain will be prevented from quickly sliding down the inclinedscreen
without being properly screened. The inclined screen is fixed to the

page_text: framing, and a tremulous motion is imparted thereto by causing vibrating
hammers to strike with a series of quick smart taps on a cross bar fixed
on the under side thereof. By this means the grain on its passage down
the inclined screen is made to dance up and down, and the smaller seeds
(the weed seeds) will fall through the perforations, while the useful
grain being too large to pass through will run down the face of the
screen, and will be delivered at the lower end into any suitable re-
ceptacle.
IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR COOLING BEERS AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Saddleton Marsters at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
February 1873.
I, SADDLETON MARSTERS, of North Runcton, near Lynn, in the
County of Norfolk, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR COOLING BEERS AND OTHER LIQUIDS,"
to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to reduce the temperature of beers and
other liquids to the required degree by the employment of a series of
pipes of small diameter within a chamber or trough within which a
constant supply of water, preferably salt water or brine, is permitted to
flow. The liquid to be acted upon is, so to speak, broken up into thin
bodies or streams in its passage to the outlet, where the streams again
unite, and is then led away to be stored in the usual manner. The
liquid is forced through the pipes, say of ½ inch bore or less, and as it
passes through in fine streams it partakes of the coldness of the water
or brine in which the pipes are submerged. The cooling medium is
admitted to the chamber or trough near the bottom at one end, and is

page_text: permitted to flow over into a reservoir at the other to be reused again and
again as desired.
I am aware that pipes submerged in a trough of water have been
used before, but these have been in the form of a coil through which
the beer has been allowed to flow in one continuous stream, therefore t
I lay no claim to Invention in this application of them broadly, but I
do claim the novelty and Invention of submerging ½ inch pipes or less
than inch pipes in a cooling trough constantly supplied, and in which
the liquid is broken up into fine streams under pressure, substantially as
described.
]
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NET OR LACE IN TWIST LACE MACHINES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Burton and Henry Smith
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 18th March 1873.
We, JOHN BURTON, of Alligne Street, Radford, in the County of
Nottingham, Lace Manufacturer, and HENRY SMITH, of the Park, near
Nottingham, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NET OR LACE IN TWIST LACE
MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture
of net or lace in twist lace machines.
In the usual manner of producing net or lace in twist lace machines
the warp threads of the machine are caused to twist round and round
the bobbin threads.
Now according to our Invention we produce the net or lace without
twisting the threads. To produce the plain fabric we employ four warp
bars, two at the front and two at the back, and each bar carries half as
many threads as there are bobbin threads, so that in all, and exclusive
of spotting or figuring threads, there are two warp threads to each

page_text: bobbin thread. The front warp bars always move when the carriages
are in the front, one bar rising two gates and the other bar falling two
gates, and similarly the back bars move when the carriagés are in the
back. The result is that the threads become interlocked in the manner
shewn in the annexed diagram, thus, for every two motions of the
machine a perfect mesh in the lace is formed without twisting any of
the threads. The spotting or figuring threads we usually prefer to be
carried by middle bars, and to produce a solid spot or figure we hold
off or stop the winding up of the work, and also the motions of the
front and back bars during a part of the time during which the spot or
figure is being produced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING VELVETS AND OTHER PILE FABRICS FOR THE PURPOSE OF CUTTING OR FORMING THE PILE AS THE FABRICS ARE BEING WOVEN
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christopher Brakell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
July 1873.
I, CHRISTOPHER BRAKELL, of York Street Chambers, Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby decláre the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO
LOOMS FOR WEAVING VELVETS AND OTHER PILE FABRICS FOR THE PURPOSE OF
CUTTING OR FORMING THE PILE AS THE FABRICS ARE BEING WOVEN," to be.as
follows:-
At the present time velvets, velveteens, cords, carpets, and other pile
fabrics are either woven plain and out afterwards lengthways of the
piece by hand, or else the pile is out or formed in the loom by wires or
blades being woven into what is known as the races crossways of the
piece, the said wires or blades which are alternately woven in and drawn
out either have a cutting edge at one end which cuts the loops and
forms the pile when so drawn out, or else the pile is formed by a cutter
drawn across, and so releasing the wire which is again woven in and
drawn out.

page_text: Instead of the methods described I take wires or blades equal in
number to the races in the material to be woven, and securely fix the
same at each end lengthways of the fabric, something after the manner
of what is known as a reed in a loom, except that the wires or strings of
the reed are vertical, while the wires or blades in my frame are hori-
zontal. The cross frame holding the wires or blades at the one end is
secured a little beyond the centre line of the roller or beam on which
the fabric is wound as it is woven; the cross frame holding the other
ends of the wires or blades would be beyond the shuttle of the loom. I
then arrange so as to weave the wires or blades so described into what I
have termed the races of the fabric, and the loom being set in motion it
will be evident that the said wires or blades must be released from the
races as the fabric is being wound round the roller or beam; this I effect
by means of a knife vibrating crossways of the fabric, and in contact
with the wires or blades referred to, thereby cutting the loops and
forming the pile, and releasing the wires or blades continuously at the
point named, or instead of a vibrating knife I can use a revolving knife
or cutter, or else I can let each wire or blade have a cutting edge at or
about the centre line of the roller or beam on which the fabric is wound,
as explained, giving to them a vibrating motion lengthways of the
fabric, and so cutting the loops and forming the pile.
AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OF KILN OR FURNACE FOR THE UTILIZATION' OF THE WASTE HEAT PRODUCED BY THE BURNING OF BRICKS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bristow Hunt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
February 1873.-A communication from abroad by Jean François
Colfs-Heyne, of Paris, France.
I, BRISTOW HUNT, of Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OF KILN OR FURNACE FOR THE UTILIZATION'
OF THE WASTE HEAT PRODUCED BY THE BURNING OF BRICKS," (a communication
to me from abroad by Jean François Colfs-Heync, of Paris, France), to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved system of continuous fire,
furnace, or kiln, which the Inventor calls the "chess board system,” for
the utilization of the waste heat produced by the burning of bricks for
the burning of plaster, lime, the baking of bread, and the torrefaction
of all other kinds of products. With the "chess board" form of kiln
or furnace, which forms the subject of the present Invention, the bricks
are burnt by means of flame, and the excess of heat passing into the

page_text: produce greatly improved results by reason of the absence of flame
and smoke.
The brick kilns are arranged in a peculiar manner, (corresponding
somewhat with the alternate black squares in a chess board) round a
central chimney, and the enclosed furnaces for utilizing the waste heat
are formed in the interstices (or white squares) between them. Openings
are made in the external walls for charging and discharging the bricks.
The enclosed furnaces are charged from above and discharged from the
front. The brick kilus only arc provided with flues communicating
with the chimney, which flues can be at any time closed by means of
dampers. These dampers, which are of a bell shape, are raised by a rod
passing out through the top of the main smoke fluc. In the smaller
flues are registers intended to intercept the continuity of the furnaces.
Against the walls in the brick kilus is placed a sheet iron register for
intercepting the communication between the brick kilns and the
enclosed furnaces. The brick kilns alone are fed with fuel, which
is introduced through openings made in the roof, such openings being
covered with movable lids.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WIRE CARDS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Walton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
October-1873.
I, WILLIAM WALTON, of Haughton Dale Wire Mills, Denton, in the
County of Lancaster, Wirc Card Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
WIRE CARDS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in manufacturing wire cards of wire, which is
first drawn in the ordinary manner and then rolled; the operation of
rolling renders the wire harder and consequently more springy and
durable. The wire thus prepared is round by preference, but may
slightly depart from the circular form, and the wire cards manufactured
from the wire produce better carding than those made in the ordinary
manner, the cost of production is also reduced.
The wire may be rolled in the ordinary manner between two grooved
rollers, or it may be drawn between similar rollers which are set together
and caused to revolve by the friction of the wire.
AN IMPROVED COMPOUND OR MIXTURE TO BE USED FOR LUBRICATING PURPOSES AND FOR THE GRINDING AND REDUCING OF WHITE LEAD AND COLORS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Frederick Cornelius, of Merton Abbey, in
the County of Surrey, Operative Chemist, for the Invention of
"AN IMPROVED COMPOUND OR MIXTURE TO BE USED FOR LUBRICATING
PURPOSES AND FOR THE GRINDING AND REDUCING OF WHITE LEAD AND
COLORS."
Sealed the 13th March 1874, and dated the 16th September 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Frederick
Cornelius at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 16th September 1873.
I, GEORGE FREDERICK CORNELIUS, of Merton Abbey, in the County
of Surrey, Operative Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED COMPOUND OR MIXTURE TO
LUBRICATING PURPOSES, AND FOR THE GRINDING AND REDUCING OF WHITE LEAD
AND COLORS," to be as follows :—
BE USED FOR
The improved compound or mixture consists of milk from cows or
other animals in combination with animal or vegetable oils or fatty

page_text: matters in proportions according to the intended application, varying
from one to thirty hundredweight of milk to twenty hundredweight of
the oil or fatty matters employed.
The following examples will be useful for the grinding of lead and of
colors of any kind, I add to one ton of linseed oil one ton of milk, and
agitate for a few minutes, when the compound is fit for use.
For lubricating purposes I take one ton of sperm, fish, or other non-
drying oil, and add the quantity of milk according to the quality of the
material required to be used. If solid fat is used I add about one or
two hundredweight of alkali to cause combination. The relative
quantities are approximately stated.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR IRONING AND GLAZING TEXTILE FABRICS, PAPER, OR OTHER SIMILAR AND LIKE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Jeffs at the Office of tho
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th February
1873.
I, JAMES JEFFS, of Bromley-by-Bow; in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN MECHANISM OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR IRONING AND GLAZING TEXTILE
FABRICS, PAPER, OR OTHER SIMILAR AND LIKE SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to produce a machine that can be
employed for the purposes of ironing or smoothing textile fabrics or
paper, and also for glazing the surface of the same with facility and
dispatch, the machine being designed as a domestic article, or as a
machine for manufacturing purposes.
The Invention consists in placing over a traversing cloth upon a table
supported on suitable framing a sliding block working in a horizontal
radial slotted arm parallel with the table and projecting from a
vertical shaft which forms the fulcrum of the same. The block sliding
in this arm is connected by suitably arranged bowls or pullies with a
drum or pulley supported in the same framing below the table, and over

page_text: which the material to be ironed or glazed is caused to traverse. This
drum is connected by means of cords with treddles or levers connected
by their fulcrâ to the back of the frame. These treddles when actuated
by the feet of the operator or by tappets or cams worked by power will
give to the drum a reciprocatory motion which through the medium of
the cords forming the attachment of the same with the blocks guided by
the aforesaid bowls or pullies transmits to the block sliding in the
aforesaid radial slotted arm a constant to-and-fro motion in radial lines
across the table over which the material to be acted upon is caused to
traverse. This block is provided with means of attachment or coupling
whereby a smoothing heated iron of any description desired can be
readily connected thereto or disconnected therefrom. Or in lieu of the
heated iron for smoothing purposes, an agate or other burnisher can be
substituted when it is desired to employ the machine as a burnisher for
glazing paper or other material. Thus it will be seen that when either
the smoothing iron or the burnisher is connected with the sliding block
a rapid radial motion through the medium of the treddles and inter-
vening mechanism will be obtained, which when moving over the
surface of the material submitted to their action will effect the ironing
or burnishing with facility.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Bristow Hunt, of Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in
the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS."-A communication
Sealed the 3rd March 1874, and dated the 11th November 1873.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Bristow Hunt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Declaration,
on the 11th November 1873, pursuant to the 9th Section of the
Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, BRISTOW
HUNT, of Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS," and have petitioned Her Majesty to
O grant unto me, my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal
Letters Patent for the same, and have made solemn Declaration that the

page_text: For a width of about fifty inches the warp is composed of twelve
hundred threads of about ninety-seven yards long, and should weigh
from eighty-eight to ninety-two pounds. The weaver should weave in
from sixty-seven and a half to seventy pounds of weft.
The piece of ninety-seven yards long when woven is reduced in the
fulling mill to about sixty-five yards in length and about three feet and
eleven inches in width, and being then thrown very close is ready for
the market or for printing upon.

page_text: Having now described the nature and object of the said Invention
for an "Improvement in the Manufacture of Carpets," together with
the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed or
carried into practical effect, I would remark in conclusion that I claim
as the Invention communicated to me by the said Léon Joseph Marie
Brassat, the manufacture of a woven and felted fabric suitable for
carpets by the employment of a warp and weft, composed as herein-
before described, the cloth being first woven and then fulled or felted
in the manner substantially as described.
In witness whereof I, the said Bristow Hunt, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eleventh day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DECANTERS AND ORNAMENTED GLASS BOTTLES AND JUGs
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Greener at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
September 1873.
I, HENRY GREENER, of Millfield, near Sunderland, in the County of
Durham, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DECANTERS AND ORNAMENTED GLASS BOTTLES
AND JUGs," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
decanters and ornamented glass bottles and jugs.
In order to produce a decanter, bottle, or jug, with a body of a globe
like form, that is is to say, small at the bottom, bulging out above, and
again contracted into the neck, I employ two moulds, in one of which I
form a funnel shaped piece to serve as the neck and upper part of the
body of the decanter, bottle, or jug, and in the other mould I form a
saucer-like piece to serve as the bottom and lower part of the body of
the decanter, bottle, and jug. Both of the moulds are cut so as to pro-
duce on the glass, which is cast and pressed in them, patterns having the
appearance of hand cutting on the glass cutter's wheel. The two parts

page_text: cast as already described are made to fit the one into the other, and they
are put together and heated sufficiently to soften the glass, the joint is
then rubbed down and a complete union between the two parts is
obtained. In this way decanters, bottles, and jugs of very elegant forms
may be produced at a cheap rate.