Year: 1885

page_text: I, WILLIAM HAMILTON MARTIN, of 185 I Longwall Street Flushing, in the
Kingdom of Holland, Engineer to the Royal Shipbuilding & Engineering works
the Scheldt" Flushing do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
"
This invention relates to locomotive and other engines in which the steam is cut
off at such a point of the stroke that positions can occur in which the engine cannot
be started although steam is turned on; and has for its object the overcoming of
this difficulty and the obtaining of increased starting power.
This is effected by providing connections to each end of the cylinder or cylinders
whereby steam or other motive fluid may be simultaneously introduced to both
sides of the piston or pistons.
If the engine cannot start on account of the slide valve covering the ports, steam
is admitted by the said connections to all the ends of cylinders simultaneously, the
effect being, that in those ends which are open to the atmosphere or condenser, no
pressure can accumulate, whereas in the opposite ends, owing to the ports being
closed by the slide valve, the pressure will increase until the piston moves and this
motion will always be in the direction for which the gear is set.
The connections may conveniently consist of small pipes opening at one end into
the cylinder or cylinders, and at the other into a large steam cock which takes
steam either from the boiler or the steam chest.
The proportion between the size of the steam cock and the area of the small
pipes must be sufficient to maintain a considerable pressure in two pipes while two
others are blowing full bore into the atmosphere or condenser.
In engines in which the cylinders are a considerable distance apart it is advan-
tageous to fit small non-return valves to the pipes at the cylinder ends, opening
towards the cylinder, to save the steam otherwise lost in filling and emptying the
pipes at each stroke of the engine.
#
In the case of locomotives, in place of using the pipes and cock just described, it
is preferable to utilise the blow-through cocks and gear by making them three-
way cocks
one "way" opening to the atmosphere for the usual service, one to the
cylinder and one to the slide-valve chest.
"3

page_text: On admitting steam into the valve chest, should the engine refuse to start, the
cocks are turned in the proper position so that steam flows direct from the slide
chest to each side of the pistons and the engine is started in the manner above
described.
By fitting suitable gear to turn the cocks far enough round, they can be used to
drain the steam slide chest independently of the cylinders.
This arrangement of blow-through cocks may be used with other engines besides
locomotives.
In cases where extremely early cut offs are employed, the inside lap ought to be
reduced as much as possible in order to prevent the back pressure, just before the
crank passes its centre, rising so high that the other piston (which is about at stroke)
has not power to overcome it, for although the power of the latter is greater owing
to the better position of the crank, the pressure is not so high per square inch as
may obtain in the former.

page_text: Improvements in Auxiliary Starting Gear for Steam and other .
Engines.
I, WILLIAM HAMILTON MARTIN of 185 I Longwall Street Flushing in the
Kingdom of Holland, Engineer to the Royal Shipbuilding and Engineering works
"the Scheldt" Flushing do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in an by the following statement:-
This invention relates to locomotive and other engines in which the steam or
motive fluid is cut off at such a point of the stroke that positions can occur in
which the engine cannot be started although steam is turned on; and has for its
object the overcoming of this difficulty and the obtaining of increased starting power.
This is effected by providing connections to each end of the cylinder or cylinders
whereby steam or other motive fluid may be simultaneously introduced to both
sides of the piston or pistons.
If the engine cannot start on account of the slide valve covering the ports steam
is admitted by the said connections to all the ends of cylinders simultaneously the
effect being that in those ends which are open to the atmosphere or condenser no
pressure can accumulate whereas in the opposite ends, owing to the ports being
closed by the slide valve, the pressure will increase until the piston moves and this
motion will always be in the direction for which the gear is set.
The connections may conveniently consist of small pipes opening at one end into
the cylinder or cylinders, and at the other into a large steam cock which takes
steam either from the boiler or the steam chest. The proportion between the size
of the steam cock and the area of the small pipes must be sufficient to maintain a
considerable pressure in half the pipes while the other half are blowing full bore
into the atmosphere or condenser.
In engines in which the cylinders are a considerable distance apart it is advan-
tageous to fit small non return valves to the pipes at the cylinder ends opening
towards the cylinder to save the steam otherwise lost in filling and emptying the
pipes at each stroke of the engine.
In the case of locomotives, in place of using the pipes and cock just described it
is preferable to utilise the blow-through cocks and gear by making them "three-
way cocks
one "way" opening to the atmosphere for the usual service, one to the
cylinder and one to the slide valve chest.
"
On admitting steam into the valve chest should the engine refuse to start, the
cocks are turned in the proper position so that steam flows direct from the slide
chest to each side of the pistons and the engine is started in the manner above
described.
By fitting suitable gear to turn the cocks far enough round they can be used to
drain the steam slidé chest independently of the cylinders.
This arrangement of blow-through cocks may be used with other engines besides
locomotives.
In cases where extremely early cut offs are employed the inside lap ought to be
reduced as much as possible in order to prevent the back pressure just before the

page_text: crank passes its centre rising so high that the other piston (which is about at stroke)
has not power to overcome it, for although the power of the latter is greater owing
to the better position of the crank the pressure is not so high per square inch as
may obtain in the former.
Referring to the accompanying sheet of drawings, Fig. 1 is an elevation shewing
a part of one cylinder of a locomotive engine fitted with auxiliary starting gear
according to this invention. The front valve chest cover and valve are removed,
and the end cover shown in section. Figs. 2 and 3 are sections to an enlarged
scale at right angles to each other of the cock A. shewn in Fig. 1.
a
The cocks A A¹ take the place of the ordinary blow through cocks, and are
• situated one at each end of the cylinder, to which they are connected by bolts and
flanges (fig. 3). Each cock has three orifices, B, C, D (figs. 2 and 3). In cock A
the orifice B is in communication with one end of the cylinder; C is connected by
pipe to the steam chest; and D opens to the atmosphere. In cock A¹ the
orifice B communicates with the other end of the cylinder and C communicates by
a pipe C with the steam chest. The plug is of the well known three-way type. In
one position it connects B and D as shewn, in a second it closes all the orifices, and
in a third it connects B and C. By moving it still further it can be made to
connect C and D. The two plugs are rotated by the arm E and the rod F the
latter being operated from the foot plate. By means of the arms G and coupling
rod H the motion is conveyed from the first cock to the second.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim in auxiliary starting gear for steam and other engines, is :—
1. Providing connections to each end of the cylinder or cylinders, whereby
motive fluid may be introduced at will simultaneously to both sides of the piston
or pistons substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.
2. The use in combination of a cock receiving steam from the boiler or valve
chest, and two pipes or passages which deliver the said steam simultaneously to
both ends of the cylinder (or cylinders) substantially as described and for the
purpose specified.
3. Auxiliary starting gear constructed, arranged and operating substantially as
described with reference to and shewn in the drawings annexed.
W. H. MARTIN,
W. Lloyd Wise,
Applicant's Agent.