IMPROVEMENTS IN SASHES AND SASH FRAMES, AND IN FITTINGS AND FASTENINGS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Davey, of Edward Street, Hampstead Road, in
"
the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SASHES
AND SASH FRAMES, AND IN FITTINGS AND FASTENINGS FOR THE SAME."
Sealed the 30th March 1880, and dated the 3rd October 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Davey at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd October 1879.
EDWARD DAVEY, of Edward Street, Hampstead Road, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SASHES AND SASH FRAMES, AND IN FITTINGS AND FASTENINGS
FOR THE SAME.'
"
The Invention has for its object improvements in sashes and sash frames, and in
fittings and fastenings for the same, and relates to means whereby the sashes can
be readily fixed at various heights, and either partially or entirely removed from
their frames for cleaning or for other purposes.
In carrying my Invention into effect I hinge rather more than the lower half of
the inner bead to the sash frame, instead of as heretofore rigidly fixing the same,
and I form a similar portion of the parting bead either hinged or entirely removeable.
I also removeably connect the weight cords to the sashes near the lower parts of the
latter.
To the bottom rail of the lower sash I flx spring bolts, one at each side, and I
provide each of such bolts with a projecting handle to enable the same to be used
as "lifts" for the sash; a number of holes are made in the pulley stile on each side
of the said sash to enable the spring bolts to act therewith, and thereby to retain
the sash at various heights, whilst the said sash can by turning the lower portions
of the inner beads inwards on their hinges, and by shooting the bolts into the
lowermost holes be turned down on such bolts, and by stops or bearing pieces fixed
to or formed on the corners of the bottom bar acting in combination with stops
formed on the bottom parts of plates fixed to the pulley stiles be held firmly in
such position.
If desired, stops may be removeably fixed to the sash frame or to the inner beads
thereof to enable the lower sash to be inclined slightly inwards from the bottom
thereof to facilitate ventilation without raising the same.

page_text: The plates before mentioned fixed to the pulley stiles are each provided with a
bearing piece formed to act in conjunction with a bearing piece fixed at the lower
part of each side rail of the upper sash.
These bearing pieces are formed partly with curved faces to enable each pair to
act together as a knuckle joint and to permit the sash to be turned down thereon
through about a quarter of a circle; they are also provided with stops to act in
combination with other stops on the lower parts of the upper sash to enable the
said sash when turned down to be securely held in such position without resting on
the lower sash.
By detaching the weight cords. from the sashes which can be done when the
latter are turned down the sashes can be entirely removed from the sash frame.
The upper sash may be provided with spring bolts acting as before described
with respect to the lower sash, but I prefer to employ the following description of
fastening which forms part of my present Invention:-
mount in a suitable socket formed or fixed in the corner of the top bar of the
upper sash a lever catch which is mounted with capability of rocking on an axis of
motion at its upper part, the outer lower part of each catch taking into notches or
recesses formed at intervals in the parting bead; the inner lower corners of such
catches are connected to crank levers mounted on separate axes of motion with the
tails of such levers crossing each other so that they can be simultaneously operated
by a suitable hook acting directly thereon so as to withdraw the catches from the
notches or recesses and lower the sash. The lever catches are acted upon by springs
so as to force them outwards, and the faces of such catches and of the parting beads
are suitably bevelled so that by the catches being pressed outward by their springs
the sash may be held firm, and thereby prevented from rattling whilst it is kept
wind and weather tight.
These catches may be concealed from view or otherwise as preferred.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Edward Davey in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 3rd April
1880.
EDWARD DAVEY, of Edward Street, Hampstead Road, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SASHES AND SASH FRAMES, AND IN FITTINGS AND FASTENINGS
FOR THE SAME
"
The Invention has for its object improvements in sashes and sash frames and in
fittings and fastenings for the same, and relates to means whereby the sashes can
be readily fixed at various heights and either partially or entirely removed from
their frames for cleaning or for other purposes.
In carrying my Invention into effect I hinge rather more than the lower half of
the inner bead to the sash frame instead of as heretofore rigidly fixing the same,
and I form a similar portion of the parting bead either hinged or entirely remove-
able. I also removeably connect the weight cords to the sashes near the lower parts
of the latter.
as "
To the bottom rail of the lower sash I fix spring bolts, one at each side, and I
provide each of such bolts with a projecting handle to enable the same to be used
lifts" for the sash; a number of holes are made in the pulley stile on each side
of the said sash to enable the spring bolts to act therewith and thereby to retain
the sash at various heights, whilst the said sash can, by turning the lower portions
of the inner heads inwards on their hinges and by shooting the bolts into the
lowermost holes, be turned down on such bolts, and by stops or bearing pieces fixed
to or formed on the corners of the bottom bar acting in combination with stops
formed on the bottom parts of plates fixed to the pulley stiles be held firmly in such
position.
If desired, stops may be removeably fixed to the sash frame or to the inner beads
thereof, to enable the lower sash to be inclined slightly inwards from the bottom
thereof to facilitate ventilation without raising the same.
The plates before mentioned fixed to the pulley stiles are each provided with a
bearing piece, formed to act in conjunction with a bearing piece fixed at the lower
part of each side rail of the upper sash.
These bearing pieces are formed partly with curved faces to enable each pair to
act together as a knuckle joint and to permit the sash to be turned down thereon
through about a quarter of a circle; they are also provided with stops to act in
combination with other stops on the lower parts of the upper sash to enable the
said sash when turned down to be securely held in such position without resting on
the lower sash.
By detaching the weight cords from the sashes, which can be done when the
latter are turned down, the sashes can be entirely removed from the sash frame.
The upper sash may be provided with spring bolts acting as before described
with respect to the lower sash, but I prefer to employ the following description of
fastening which forms part of my present Invention:-
I mount in a suitable socket, formed or fixed in the corner of the top bar of the
upper sash, a lever catch which is mounted with capability of rocking on an axis of
motion at its upper part, the outer lower part of each catch taking into notches or
recesses formed at intervals in the parting bead; the inner lower corners of such
catches are connected to crank levers mounted on separate axes of motion with the
tails of such levers crossing each other so that they can be simultaneously operated
by a suitable hook acting directly thereon, so as to withdraw the catches from the
notches or recesses and lower the sash. The lever catches are acted upon by springs
so as to force them outwards, and the faces of such catches and of the parting beads
are suitably bevelled, so that by the catches being pressed outward by their springs
the sash may be held firm and thereby prevented from rattling whilst it is kept
wind and weather tight.
These catches may be concealed from view or otherwise as preferred.

page_text: CORTICOID proven, also by the accompanying drawings, mois Juny
to describe the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of the interior of a window and window frame
with my improvements applied thereto; Figure 2 is a vertical cross section of the
same. In both these Figures the sashes are by the full lines shown in their closed
position, but in Figure 2 I have also shown them by dotted lines in the positions
they would assume when lowered and turned down into the room for cleaning and
other purposes, and in the dotted lines slightly inclined from the vertical I have
shewn the lower sash in the position it would be caused to assume for ventilation
purposes.
Figure 3 is a vertical cross section of the aforesaid window frame, showing the
sashes removed therefrom and the hinged portions of the inner and parting beads
turned back on their hinges to enable the sashes to be replaced or removed as may
be required; Figure 4 is a horizontal section of parts of the lower sash.
Figure 5 is an elevation of the upper parts of the top sash, and Figure 6 is a
sectional plan of the same, both drawn to a larger scale.
Figure 7 is a sectional view of parts of the lower sash and of the sash frame,
showing the lower sash in the position for ventilation, and Figures 8, 9, 10, 11, and
12, are detail views representing some of the parts more clearly.
Figure 13 is an elevation of the upper parts of the top sash and parting bead,
shewing a slight modification in the method of operating the bolts or catches
thereof.
Figure 14 is a cross sectional elevation of parts of the sashes and some of the
lower parts of the sash frame slightly modified, and Figure 15 is a sectional front
view of some of the parts represented at Figure 14.
Figures 16 and 17 are similar views of some of the lower parts of the sash frame
with the sashes removed therefrom, and Figures 18, 19, and 20, are detail views
of parts.
Figure 21 is a sectional elevation of some of the lower parts of the lower sash
and sash frame, and Figure 22 is an edge view of a portion of the lower sash repre-
senting another modification in the parts.
In all the Figures like parts are marked with similar letters of reference.
A represents the sash frame; B, the upper sash; C, the lower sash; a, the pulley
stiles, and b, c, and d, the outer parting and inner beads respectively.
According to my Invention I hinge the lower part d' of the inner bead d to the
snsh frame A, instead of as heretofore rigidly fixing the same thereto, and I form a
similar portion c¹ of the parting bead c, preferably hinged as shewn in the Drawings,
or entirely removeable from the sash frame; 1 also removably connect the weight
cords e to the sashes B, C, near the lower parts of the latter, as shewn, or in other
convenient manner.
To the bottom rail C¹ of the lower sash I fix spring bolts f, one at each side, as
shewn at Figures 1, 2, and 4, and I provide each of such bolts with a projecting
handle f to enable the same to be used as "lifts" for the lower sash C; a number
of holes a are made in the lower part of each pulley stile a on each side of the
lower sash C, or in plates a² fixed thereto as shown, to enable the spring bolts f to
act in combination therewith and thereby to retain the lower sash C at various
heights, whilst the said sash can, by turning the lower portions d¹ of the inner
beads inwards on their hinges and by shooting the boltsfinto the lowermost holes
a', be turned down on such bolts, and by stops or bearing pieces g¹ formed on
plates g fixed to the bottom bar of the lower sash C as shown, or by stops or bearing
pieces g' formed on the corners of the said bottom bar acting in combination with
stops formed on plates h fixed to the pulley stiles a, such lower sashes C can be
held firmly in such position.

page_text: According to the arrangement shewn at Figures 1, 2, 7, and 8, I form in each of
the side bars of the lower sash C an opening or recess i³, and I mount on a stud or
axis ' in a recess in the sash frame a swinging stop i which, when allowed to do so,
assumes the position shewn, thereby causing its lower projecting end to enter the
recess, and thereby permit of the sash C being inclined slightly inwards from the
bottom thereof, as shewn by dotted lines at Figure 2 and by full lines at Figure 7,
to facilitate ventilation without raising the same, and in order that such stops i may
be readily kept out of action or permitted to swing into action as required I mount
on an axis in each hinged portion d' of the inner bead da cam lever j, which by
being turned into one position by the finger, and into the other position, shown at
Figures 1 and 10, by the catch in the descent of the sash Ċ will operate the
stops i. Other arrangements of stops may however be employed for retaining the
lower sash C in an inclined position.
The plates h fixed to the pulley stiles a are also each provided with a bearing
piece formed to act in conjunction with a bearing piece B' formned on a plate B³
fixed at the lower part of each side rail of the upper sash B.
These bearing pieces B' and the upper portion h³ of plate h are formed partly
with curved faces to enable each pair to act together somewhat as a knuckle joint,
and to permit the sash B to be turned down thereon through about a quarter of a
circle and securely held in such position, as shewn at Figure 2 by the dotted lines,
without resting on the lower sash C.
By detaching the weight cords e from the sashes B, C, which can be done when
the latter are turned down, the sashes can be entirely removed from the sash
frame.
The upper sash B may be provided with spring bolts acting as before described
with respect to the lower sash C, but I prefer to employ the following description
of fastening which forms part of my present Invention :-
I mount in a suitable socket formed or fixed in each corner of the top bar of the
upper sash B a lever catch i which is mounted with capability of rocking on an
axis of motion at its upper part, the outer lower part of each catch taking into
notches or recesses c² forined at intervals in the upper fixed portions of the parting
beads c which are preferably formed of metal.
The said catches are at connected by links ³ to crank levers m, mounted on
separate axes of motion m', with the tails m² of such levers crossing each other, so
that they can be simultaneously operated by a suitable hook or "long arm" acting
directly thereon so as to withdraw the catches from the notches or recesses c² and
lower the sash. The lever catches are acted upon by springs so as to force
them outwards, and the faces of such catches and of the parting beads are suitably
bevelled, as shewn by the dotted lines in Figure G, so that by the catches being
pressed outward by their springs the sash B may be held firm against the outer
bead b and thereby prevented from rattling whilst it is kept wind and weather
tight.
When the parting and inner beads c, d, are turned back on their hinges prepara-
tory to turning down the sash B, the latter on being drawn downwards might
come somewhat forward and thereby prevent the bearing pieces B¹ coming into
proper relation with the bearing pieces h³, h³, to obviate which I form on the plates B
projecting flanges B³, which, by sliding in grooves a³ formed between the outer
beads b and the fillets a, prevent the said sash from coming forwards, and in order
to allow the sash B to be inserted and removed when desired I terminate the
fillets at far enough from the bottom of the sash frame to permit of the passage of
the flanges Bs when desired.
At Figure 11 I have shewn a slight modification in the mode of simultaneously
withdrawing the catches from the notches or recesses c². In this case I cause the
links to act upon projections 16 from the upper ends of the catches L, and instead
of employing crank levers m to operate the catches by pulling them I employ
levers m of the form shewn at Figure 13, and connect them to the links 3 at the
lower parts thereof so as to operate the catches / by a hook or long arm being forced

page_text: between such levers m* and thereby pushing the links outwards instead of pulling
them inwards as described with respect to the first arrangement.
Instead of employing spring bolts f to lock the lower sash C at various heights,
and to act as a centre on which said sash may be turned, such bolts ƒ may be
dispensed with, and as represented at Figures 14 to 17 fixed studs or centres h
fixed to the plates h may be employed partly in lieu thereof, in which case I form
the plates g with recesses g³, as shewn at Figures 18, 19, 20, to act in combination
with such studs h' so as to enable the sash C to be turned thereon. The lower
ends of such recesses g² are open to enable the sash C completely to be removed
from the sash frame when desired, and in combination with such last described
arrangement I form a number of recesses in the edges of the side bars of the
sash C, as shown at Figures 21 and 22, to enable the catches i to enter the same
and thereby to lock the sash C at any desired height. These catches i are operated
in the manner before described, and are also as in the former arrangement used to
hold the sash C in an inclined position for ventilation when required.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the mode in which
I carry the same into effect, I would have it understood that what I claim is,―
First. Hinging portions of the inner and parting beads, and providing pivots or
axes on which the lower sash may be turned down, or only slightly inclined, in
manner substantially as herein shown and described and for the purpose stated.
Second. Providing the lower sash with bearing pieces at its lower ends, to act in
combination with other bearing pieces fixed to the pulley stiles, to securely support
the said sash when turned down, substantially as herein shown and described.
Third. Providing the lower sash with recesses in its edges, to act in combination
with suitable stops, to retain the sash at various heights or in an inclined position,
substantially as herein shewn and described.
Fourth. Providing the upper sash with bearing pieces at its lower ends, to act in
combination with other bearing pieces fixed to the pulley stiles, to enable the same
to be turned down and securely support the said sash in such position, substantially
as herein shewn and described, and
Fifth. Providing the upper sash with spring catches connected together so as to
be operated simultaneously, and acting in combination with recesses formed in the
fixed parts of the parting beads, substantially as herein shown and described and
for the purposes stated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Davey, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Third day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand
night hundred and eighty