ve Power.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Aug., 1886.
Complete Left, 9th May, 1887.
Complete Accepted, 10th June, 1887.
the Production OI MOLIve Power.
I, JOSEPH ELIAS, of Beyrout, Syria, Chief Engineer to the general government of
Libau do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to improved motor apparatus the principle of which is based
upon the utilization of the force due to the pressure which the water of the sea exerts
at a certain depth, that is to say the apparatus is adapted to be operated not by the
superficial action of the waves but by the pressure exerted by the lower portions
thereof.
By reason of its special arrangement,.my apparatus, whilst protected from irregular
and often injurious blows by the waves, has a normal communication with the sea
which enables it to collect regularly the resultant of the forces of the waves.
The improved apparatus is composed essentially of a number of floats each occupying
a special chamber in which it can move freely in the vertical direction and which is
in communication with the sea at its lower portion.
These floats carry racks which act upon toothed wheels keyed upon a driving
shaft. Moreover they are arranged in pairs so that some act when ascending and the
others when descending.
Each of the openings which places the bottom of a chamber in communication with
the sea can be more or less opened, or completely closed through the medium of a
gate actuated either by hand or by special mechanism regulated by a governor.
The openings of the chamber must invariably be below the mean level of the sea
for instance 140 meters for the Mediterranean. This depth can vary according to
the place where the motor is erected. The level of the water in the chambers is the
same as the exterior level.
The floats are generally made of sheet metal. Of these floats some are empty while
others are weighted in order that they shall be nearly in equilibrium with the water.
The empty floats act, when ascending, through racks upon toothed wheels keyed
upon a main shaft supported by brackets.

page_text: The weighted floats which ascend at the same time act only when descending. To
produce this result the racks placed on both sides of the toothed wheels have articulated
teeth cut with a bevelled edge, so that the racks of the weighted floats produce no
effect when ascending, whereas the other racks turn the toothed wheels which
correspond with them; the inverso result being produced during the descent of the
floats.
In order to obtain an easy motion the racks are provided with three rows of teeth
which alternate with each other, and the toothed wheels are constructed in a similar
manner.
The connecting rods between the racks and the floats are guided by lubricating
boxes placed upon supports or cross-bars fixed upon the masonry of the structure.
Each of the floats is moreover guided by two rods fixed on the one hand to the
bottom of the chamber and on the other hand to the said cross-bars, which guide rods
pass through two tubes formed with the floats and placed in the interiors thereof.
The gate which serves to open or close the communicating opening is suspended
from a chain which passes over a pulley driven either by the regulator or by a crank.
Springs fixed at the upper part of the chamber serve to deaden the shock of the float
in case the communicating opening cannot for some reason be closed.
A pulley keyed upon the main shaft transmits the power.
When the level of the water rises in the float chambers the floats ascend all
together, but by reason of the particular construction of the racks those of the empty
floats alone engage with the toothed wheels corresponding to them, and cause them to
turn. When the floats descend, the racks of the empty floats cease to engage and the
racks of the weighted floats gear and move the corresponding toothed wheels. In
this manner any number of floats can be arranged to set one or more driving shafts in
motion.
If necessary the floats may be united so as to form only a single, supporting two
racks, which actuate the driving shaft when descending as well as when ascending.
My apparatus is provided with a governor which actuates a shaft through the
medium of a screw or worm whose shaft carries a crank operated by a disc the latter
being actuated by one or the other of two friction discs driven by the main shaft of
the motor, and which are moved by the governor in one direction or in the other,
according to the separation of the balls.
Upon the governor shaft are keyed pulleys upon which are coiled the gate lifting
chains so that the machine itself regulates the size of the communicating openings.
A dynamometer is also arranged to indicate the power developed by the motor.
This dynamometer is composed of a small float the rod of which carries a chain, which
is wound upon a fixed pulley and then upon. a second pulley the axis of which is
carried by the rod of a second float. The second pulley carries a hand which moves
over a graduated dial, so that the amplitude of the oscillations of the float can be read.
off and consequently those of the driving floats. The second float is placed in a
chamber in communication with the chamber of the small float through a conduit of
small section, so as not to follow the oscillations of the wave but to follow, the mean
level of the sea. A hand fixed to the dial moves along a graduated scale and thus
indicates the mean level.
Dated this ath ... Ր Aument 100%
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: their racks B upon toothed wheels (keyed upon the shaft D supported by brackets M.
The weighted floats A' which ascend at the same time act only when descending.
To produce this result the racks B & B are placed on opposite sides of the toothed
wheels C and have articulated teeth with bevelled edges, so that the racks B' produce
no effect when ascending while the other racks B turn the toothed wheels
correspond with them; the inverse result being produced during the descent of the
floats.
which
In order to obtain an easy motion, the racks are provided with three rows of teeth
which alternate with each other, and the toothed wheels C are constructed in a similar
manner.
The connecting rods R between the racks and the floats are guided by lubricating
boxes S placed upon supports or cross bars N fixed upon the masonry 0 of the
structure.
Each of the floats is moreover guided by two rods H fixed on the one hand to the
bottom of the chamber K and on the other hand to the said cross bars N, which
guide rods pass through two tubular apertures formed in the floats.
The gate or valve J'which serves to open or close the opening W is suspended from
a chain which passes over a pulley L driven either by the regulator or by the
crank Q(Figure 3). Springs ZZ fixed at the upper part of the chamber K serve to
deaden the shock of the float in case the opening W cannot for any reason be closed.
A pulley E keyed upon the main shaft D transmits the power.
When the level of the water rises in the float chambers K the floats ascend
together, but by reason of the particular construction of the racks, those of the
floats A alone engage with the toothed wheels (corresponding to them, and cause
them to turn. When the floats descend, the racks B of the empty floats cease to
engage with their pinions and the racks B¹ of the weighted floats gear and move the
corresponding toothed wheels under the action of their weight. In this manner any
number of floats can be arranged to set one or more driving shafts in motion.
If necessary the floats may be united to form only a single float supporting the two
racks which actuate the driving shaft when descending as well as when ascending.
My apparatus is provided with a governor F (Figure 4) which actuates a shaft G
through the medium of a screw or worm G* and a worm wheel G¹. The shaft 2 of
the worm G carries a disc G2 which is actuated by one or the other of two friction
discs G driven from the main shaft 1 of the motor through the bolt F and which
are moved by the governor in one direction or in the other, according to the separation
of the balls. The worm wheel G¹ can also be operated by hand by means of the
crank on the shaft F2.
Upon the governor shaft G are keyed pulleys L upon which are coiled the lifting
chains of the gates, J so that the machine itself regulates the size of the communi-
cating openings W.
A dynamometer is also arranged to indicate the power developed by the motor.
This dynamometer is composed of a small float a the rod b of which carries a chain i
which is passed around a fixed pulley c and then around a second pulley g, the axis of
which is carried by the rod 6 of a second float a'. The second pulley G carries a
hand or pointer which moves over a graduated dialf so that the amplitude of the
oscillations of the float a can be read off and consequently those of the driving floats.
The float a' is placed in a chamber in communication with the chamber of the
small float a through a conduit o of small section, so as not to follow the oscillations
of the wave but to follow, however, the mean level of the sea. A hand P fixed to the
dial moves over a graduated scale r and thus indicates the mean level.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim in
respect of my improvements in apparatus for utilizing the force of the waves for the
production of motive power is,
First. The employment of floats each of which is placed in a chamber in communi-
cation with the sea through an opening formed below the level of the latter.

page_text: Second. The transmission of the motion of these floats to a driving shaft through
the medium of racks fixed to the said floats and engaging with toothed wheels keyed
upon the shaft of the motor.
Third. The special arrangement of the racks with articulated teeth which racks are
placed on opposite sides of the driving shaft, in such a manner that some of them
actuate the shaft during the ascent and the others during the descent of the floats.
Fourth. The regulation of the size of the openings which establish communication
between the float chambers and the sea for the purpose of producing a regular
movement, of the apparatus by means of a ball governor which has the effect of
causing the engagement of the shaft carrying the pulleys to which the chains of the
gates or valves are connected, with the driving shaft, so as to turn the said shaft in
the proper direction for opening or closing the said gates or valves.
Fifth. The employment of springs designed to diminish the shocks which may be
produced in case a gate cannot be closed in consequence of any derangement of the
mechanism.
Sixth. The employment of a dynamometer or apparatus for indicating the power
developed consisting of a float placed in a chamber in communication with the sea,
and whose motion is transmitted to a hand or pointer which moves in front of a
graduated dial, which permits the amplitude of the oscillations of the floats to bo
ascertained.
Seventh. The employment of an indicator for showing the mean level of the sea the
said indicator consisting of a float placed in a chamber communicating with that
containing the float of the dynamometer by a channel of small section, in such a
manner that the level of the water in this chamber does not follow the motions of the
waves the motion of the float being indicated by a hand which moves over a graduated
.scale.
Eighth. The improved apparatus consisting of the parts constructed and combined
substantially as described with reference to the accompanying drawings, and operating
as and for the purpose set forth.