A Improvements in and connected with Book-binders' Cloth.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Feb., 1899
A
Improvements in and connected with Book-binders' Cloth.
We, STEPHEN LEE WOOD, Secretary, and PARK HOUSE DYEING CO. LIMITED,
both of Langley Road, Pendleton, Salford, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to book-binders cloth and its object is, primarily,
to produce the cloths with an improved and attractive appearance, and second-
arily, to render them either waterproof, or less liable to be affected by water or
dampness.
In carrying these improvements into effect; the cloth is woven with a warp
of one colour or of more than one colour, and with a weft of a different colour
or colours. Thus either the warp or the weft may be wholly blue and red
respectively, or the warp may be composed of threads of two or more self colours,
and the weft of two or more different self colours. Or, again, the warp and the
weft or both of them may be printed in different colours and shades, but in
any case it is provided that the colour or colours of the warp shall differ from
the colour or colours of the weft. The cloth may be woven of Egyptian or
Sea Island cotton and be mercerised and stretched whilst wet with the mercerising
fluid, and have the mercerising agent washed out or neutralised whilst wet, so
as to produce a silky lustre as is now already practised.
The cloth thus produced with or without the lustrous effect is then finished with
any suitable sizing or similar agent, and is calendered and embossed as may
be required. During the process of finishing, the fabric is doubled with a
backing of paper which is cemented in place.
To produce resistance to moisture either the cloth or the paper or both of them
may be coated or impregnated, either specially or as part of the finishing process,
with gelatine or analogous substance in solution. The so treated fabric is there-
after soaked in a solution of formic aldehyde to render the gelatinous matter
insoluble. Potassium bichromate may be used in substitution for the formic
aldehyde in suitable cases. The formic aldehyde treatment is generally to be
preferred as producing no stain or colouration of its own.
בד
1000
Improvements in and connected with Book-binders' Cloth.
We, STEPHEN LEE WOOD, Secretary, and PARK HOUSE DYEING CO. LIMITED,
both of Langley Road, Pendleton, Salford, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is
ID of

page_text: to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement: —
This invention has reference to book binders' cloth and its object is, primarily,
to produce the cloths with an improved and more attractive appearance, and second-
arily, to render them either waterproof, or less liable to be affected by water or
dampness.
1.-
In carrying these improvements into effect, the cloth is woven with a warp
of one colour or having more than one colour, and with weft having a different
colour or colours: Thus, the warp threads may be wholly blue and the weft
threads wholly red, or the warp threads may be of different colours arranged
in sequence or so as to produce a pattern, and, in like manner the weft may
be introduced by two or more shuttles supplied with cops having colours different
to the warp colours. Or, again, each thread of the warp and weft, or some
of the threads, may be printed with different colours and shades, instead of
having self colours, provided that the colour or colours in the weft threads is or
are different from the colours of the warp threads...
The cloth may be woven from long stapled cotton yarn which has been
mercerised and stretched, and washed while still stretched and wet with the
mercerising agent, or it may be woven from such cotton yarn and mercerised,
stretched and washed in the piece according to the now well known processes for
producing lustrous effects in cotton fabrics. The cloth thus produced may then
be finished with any suitable sizing, finishing or proofing agent, or by more than
one of such agents,-and-may_be_calendered as may be desired. The cloth may
also be doubled with a paper backing which may be cemented-in-place. It will
be understood that whatever sizing, finishing or proofing agent be used, it
must be of such a nature as will not materially interfere with or obscure the
-colour effect of the cloth.
For ordinary finishes the usual starch-compound-may be used, but if it be
desired to produce resistance to the effects of moisture, we may make the sizing
agent insoluble after it has been applied, or we may apply a waterproof finish.
To render the sized fabric resistant to moisture, either the cloth or the paper
backing or both may be sized-with-a-solution-of-gelatine or gelatinous material
and, when dried, soaked in a solution of formic aldehyde for a period inversely-
proportionate to the strength of the solution. Thus, the soaking may be 48 hours
for a 5 per cent. solution: 24 hours for a 10 per cent. solution: 6 hours for a
20 per cent. solution and about 90 minutes for a 40 per cent. solution: or less
times as may be governed by the thickness of the sized material-and the degree.
of insolubilisation required. After this soaking the fabric is well washed
to remove the last trace of free aldehyde. Solution of potassium bichromate
produces, after drying and solarisation of the treated fabric, analogous but less
satisfactory results which generally interfere with the colour effects in the
cloth. Osmic acid solution also produces an analogous effect, but at present its
cost is prohibitive, and its poisonous qualities makes it dangerous.
"
In substitution for, or in addition to, the herein before described treatment
with starch and sizing and analogous finishes, with or without the formic aldehyde
treatment, but more advantageously and economically, after the cloth has been
filled with a clear finish, a final proofing finish may be applied by a padding
roller, by coating, or otherwise. Indiarubber is unsuitable for this purpose
because it has a colour of its own, and because of its instability. We find that
a bright flexible finish, may be produced by the application of a solution of clear
celluloid in amyl acetate. Solutions of celluloid in acetone or in ether-alcohol
may be employed, but the results are not so bright and clear.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,, we declare that what
we claim is:-
1. Bookbinders' cloth woven with different colours in the warp and in the weft

page_text: respectively, and having applied thereto a clear transparent finish, substantially
as and for the purpose hereinbefore described.
2. Bookbinders' cloth woven with different colours in the warp and in the weft
respectively, the cloth or the yarns from which it is woven having been mercerised
stretched and washed for the production of a lustrous effect, substantially as
hereinbefore described.
3. Bookbinders' cloth woven with different colours in the warp and in the
weft respectively, and finished with a proofing finish consisting of a clear solution
of celluloid, substantially as described.
4. Bookbinders' cloth woven with different colours in the warp and in the weft
respectively and backed with paper, the cloth or paper or both being sized with
gelatine which is thereafter rendered insoluble, substantially as and by the means
hereinbefore described.
000
. 37
75
1000