Improvements in Type-writing Machines.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 26th May, 1896-Accepted, 11th July, 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Type-writing Machines.
A communication from CHARLES SPIRO, of 116th Street, Fifth and Lenox
Avenues, New York, United States of America, Gentleman.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 111 Hatton Garden, in the County of Middlesex,
Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to type-writing machines especially of the kind known as
the Barlock and will be best understood by reference to the accompanying
drawings in which ;-
Fig. 1 is a central vertical section through one of the improved type-writing
machines, only such parts of the mechanism being shown as are necessary to a
clear understanding of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a view correspondent to a part of Fig. 1 showing the mechanism in a
different position.
Fig. 3 is a view of a portion of the machine, partly in elevation and partly in
vertical section, as seen from the back.
Fig. 4 is a horizontal section of one of the type-bar brackets with the type-bárs
pivotted therein, the type-bars being shown broken away.
Fig. 5 is a perspective view of one of the type bar-brackets without the type
bars, and
Figs. 8 to 11 inclusive are perspective views of various detached portions of the
mechanism.
Figs. 8 to 10 are drawn to a larger scale than Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 11 and Figs. 4
and 5 to a larger scale than Figs. 8 to 10.
Like letters indicate like parts throughout the drawings.
In constructing a machine according to this invention a frame A is employed
which may be of the well-known form usually employed in Barlock machines and
to this, is secured by suitable standards A¹ the arc-plates B upon which are
mounted the type bars C as hereinafter more particularly described. In each of
the arc-plates B is provided a groove B¹ which is concentric with the printing
point of the machine and which is adapted to receive tenons or dowels D¹ formed
on the underside of the type-bar brackets D so that the latter when fitted to the
arc-plates will be prevented from moving out of position thereon. The dowels D¹
are conveniently-but not necessarily-formed on the brackets D by pressing the
metal of which the brackets are constructed so as to produce recesses on one side
and projections (constituting the dowels D¹) on the other side as shown clearly in
Figs. 1 and 5. In other respects the brackets D may be secured to the arc-plates B
in the usual manner as for example by screws B 2.
In order to give to each type bar Ca wider bearing than is possible when only
one type bar C is pivotted in each of the brackets D, two or more type bars are
pivotted in the same bracket by which arrangement is obtained a bearing of at
least double or treble the width of that. usually provided; this feature in
conjunction with the dowelling of the brackets D to the arc-plates B as before
described secures the permanency of the alignment. Each of the type bar
shafts C pivotted in the same bracket D is at right angles to the type bar
carried thereon, and as each type bar C must operate at its own particular part of
the arc in which all the type bars are arranged, the bars in each bracket are

page_text: secured on their respective shafts at different positions in the bracket that is to
say each at a different distance from say the left-hand side of the bracket and
consequently the shafts C' are "skewed "in relation to each other to a corresponding
extent, as shown in Fig. 4.
Each of the type-bar shafts C is supported in conical bearings of which,
one, viz., D 2, is formed directly in the bracket D and the other viz., D 3, is formed
in a hollow screw D4 which is capable of being adjusted in the bracket by means
of a suitable tool engaged with the cross slot or groove D5 formed in the outer end
of the screw.
The paper carriage E as ordinarily, is mounted so that, under the control of
the spring contained in the barrel or drum F, which latter is hereinafter referred
to as the spring F, it will travel from right to left of the machine along the
bar A 2 and track A 3 the carriage at its front being provided with a roller for
running on this track.
On the paper-carriage E is rigidly secured the escapement rack G with which
engage the escapement dogs H H Figs. 1, 2, and 8 which are pivotally connected
to the frame A through the bracket J Figs. 3 and 9.
This bracket is secured to
the frame A conveniently by two screws or equivalent J' and is provided with a
long bearing J2 in which a shaft H 2 is free to oscillate, this shaft being prevented
from moving longitudinally in the bearing J 2 by means of a screw or equivalent J 3
which as shown in Fig. 3 engages with a circumferential groove H 3 (Figs. 3 and 6)
in the shaft H2. On the outer end of the shaft H2 is rigidly mounted a
block H 4 on which is pivotted, as by a screw H 5, another block H 6 Figs. 1, 2, 3, 7
and 8 carrying the dogs H H. The block H 4 is provided with one or more
lugs H 7 connected by a link K to the spacing bar or frame K¹ which, as in
existing machines extends beneath all the type-operating key levers L, so that
when any of these key levers are depressed the escapement dogs H H will be
operated to allow the paper carriage E to travel onwards as hereinafter more
particularly described. The spacing bar or frame K¹ is pivotted to the main
frame A as by the shaft K 2 to which may be also connected as ordinarily the ink
ribbon attachment M, of which only portion is shown in the drawings. The
link K is secured to the spacing frame K by a screw K3 which passes through a
lug K4, integral with the frame K¹, and above and below this lug K3 are
nuts K 5, by adjusting which latter the extent of engagement of the dogs H H¹
with the escapement rack G may be regulated. A spring K 6 also adjustably
secured to the spacing frame K' as by an eye bolt K7 and nut K 8 normally
retains the frame Kin its highest position, the nut K 8 and screw K 7 allowing
the tension on the frame K¹ to be adjusted.
A
Projecting from one side of the block H6 is a stud or pin H 8 which enters
and is capable of moving freely in a hole H 9 in the block H 4, and in a hole or
recess drilled in the block H4 at right angles to the hole H 9 is located a
spring H 10 which bears against the pin H8 so as to normally hold the block H6
in its elevated position, in which position the pin H 8 is in contact with the top of
the hole H 9. The two dogs H H are pivotted to the block H as by a screw H",
and a spring H" Figs. 1 and 8, conveniently encircling this screw, engages with
the two dogs so as to normally hold the dog H¹ against the block H and the
dog H away from it, the extent of movement between the two dogs being limited
by a pin or projection H13 secured to say the dog H engaging with a hole H14
formed in say the dog H'. Each of the dogs H H is provided with two or more
teeth so as to distribute the wear to which they are exposed and thereby increase
their durability.
On the top of the block H6 is provided an inclined projection H with which
engages the paper-carriage release bail or frame N when the paper-carriage is to
be moved back to its starting position.
The before described arrangement of the dogs as compared with existing
arrangements is very advantageous for the following reasons viz. ;-First, the
bearing J is a long one and provides a rigid abutment whereby the friction is

page_text: distributed and minimized and the escapement rack G may be rigidly attached to
the carriage, and secondly the carriage may be moved to any point of its travel
without the back-lash of more than one rack-tooth; this has not hitherto been
accomplished when fixed escapement racks are used for in such an arrangement
there is a back-lash of several rack-teeth to take up the space lost in the act of
the forward movement (as distinguished from the downward movement in the
present arrangement) of the dog H as would be the case for example if the
dogs H H were pivotted directly to the block H instead of to the block H' as
shown.
The next improvement is in the means for locking the key board, that is to say,
preventing the depression of the key levers L and type bars C when the end of a
line of printing is reached. To attain this end I employ a margin rack bar O
which extends completely across the machine and at its right hand end has the usual
rack teeth O' wherewith engages the adjustable margin stop 02 as in existing
Barlock machines. The bar O is capable of moving in the direction of its length
against the action of the spring 03 towards the left of the machine and, at its ends,
it is pivotted so that its front edge may be raised by depressing the margin-release
key O to which the bar O is connected by the two links O and the lever O. To
the bar O near the left hand end thereof a projection 07 is rigidly secured, this
being located in such position that a trip 08 adjustably secured to the paper
table P will engage it when the carriage has moved far enough.
Projecting rigidly from the underside of the bar O is a T-shaped projection O
which is adapted to engage with a headed pin Q pivotted at Q' to one or more
lugs K of the spacing frame K. The pin Q is moved downwards at each
depression of a key-lever and if this movement is checked the type does not reach
the paper and consequently at say the end of a line one letter will not be printed
over another as is the case in machines wherein a key-board-lock is not provided.
The T-shaped projection 09 effects the locking of key-board by being moved
along with the bar O by the before-mentioned trip 08.
The trip 08, by loosening the clamping screw 010 may be adjusted to any part
of the slot P¹ in the paper table P so that it may be caused to engage with the
projection 07 and consequently lock the key-board sooner or later according to
the width of the paper being written upon. The trip 08 is set by bringing the
paper carriage E to the point where it is desired to lock the key board and the
moving the trip as far to the left as it will go. The trip 08 is pivotted to
the clamping block or bracket O by which, and the screw O, it is secured to the
paper table P so that if when travelling to the left it has been allowed as herein-
after described to move past the projection O' to enable say a word to be
completed, the paper carriage is returned to its starting position, this trip will pass
freely over the projection 07.
Supposing that after the key-board has been locked in the manner before
described it is required to release it to enable a word to be completed, this may be
effected by depressing the margin-release key O' which causes the bar O to be
turned on its pivots O2 and the projections 0 0 consequently to be swung
forward and upwards clear of respectively the trip 08 and piu Q so that the bar O
is immediately moved by the then-energized spring 03 to its original position and
the printing may be proceeded with.
The next improvement is in the means for enabling the machine to be used for
writing in columns such for example as when writing accounts, or for tabulating or
other similar purposes. For this purpose a bar R hereinafter termed the
"accounting bar" is supported on two studs R R2 at the back of the machine,
under the carriage. This bar is attached to the studs R¹ R³ conveniently by having
its ends forked to engage with the stems of the screws R³ fitted in the studs, the
fork at one end of the bar R being longer than that at the other as shown. The
stud R is fitted with a spring-controlled pin R whose head R³ bears against
the right-hand end of the bar R so as to constantly hold the latter firmly against
the screw R of stud R2. When it is required to detach the bar R from the

page_text: machine so as to reverse it or substitute another for it as hereinafter explained,
this may be effected by pushing it towards the right of the machine against the
action of the spring R until the left hand forked end is disengaged from the
screw R of stud R, and thereafter slipping the right-hand forked end off
the stud R. The bar R may then be inverted (not turned end for end) and
replaced on the machine by placing the longer forked end thereof on to the
stud R' and pressing it back against the head R which together with the pin R
will yield under the control of the spring R so as to allow the other or left hand
forked end of the bar to be passed beneath the head of the screw R³ of the
stud R'.
The bar R is provided with a series of preferably screw threaded holes R'
which extend completely through it from back to front, for receiving one or more
studs R8 according to the number of the cash or other columns on the paper, these
studs being fitted in any of the holes R' according to the position of the cash
columns. The studs R8 at the back of the bar R may occupy different holes from
those occupied by the studs at the front so that the same bar may be employed in
two different ways for different arrangements of columns by reversing it in the
manner before described. Suitable scales may be depicted on the bar R to
indicate by comparison with the ordinary paper scale the positions at which the
studs R should be placed to arrest the paper carriage at the required parts of its
travel.
At the left-hand end of the paper-table slot P1 Figs. 1, 2, and 11 there is
provided a trip-device comprising a block S capable of being fixed in different
positions in the slot P by means of a pinching screw S and in which is vertically
movable a headed pin S, the head of which is presented downwards. The pin S
while capable of moving freely in a vertical direction in the block S is prevented
from leaving the latter by means of a screw S3 which engages with a circum-
ferential groove or a slot in the stem of the pin. The pin S is located immediately
over the rack bar O so that when this bar is turned up by the margin release
key as before explained the pin will be moved up by it; this however has no
effect upon the working of the machine so long as the last described trip device is
at its extreme left-hand position.
The left-hand lug E' of the two which guide the paper carriage E on the bar A
is preferably slotted to receive a dog T hereinafter termed the accounting dog"
which is pivotted on the bar A. "The dog T which is shown apart from the
machine in Fig. 10, is adjacent to the headed pin S2 which, except when the
accounting mechanism is in use, is a slight distance to the left and out of reach of
the dog T. The front part of the dog T carries an arm T' which extends forward
over an adjustable screw N¹ in the before mentioned release frame N pivotted to
the paper carriage E. When this frame N is depressed it comes into contact with
the before described projection H and thereby causes the block H to move
downwards and consequently disengages the dogs H and H from the escapement
rack G. This disengagement may be effected as ordinarily by the carriage-
release lever N which is adapted to operate on the frame N, or it may be effected
through the medium of the headed pin S2 as next described. When it is required
to write in columns, as in say an account, the screw S¹ is released and the block S
is moved in the slot P¹ as far as possible, towards the right of the machine after
which the screw S is again tightened. The head of the pin S is then beneath the
dog T so that whenever the rack bar O is turned up by depressing the margin
release key O as before explained, the pin S2 and dog T are raised and at the
same time the arm T¹ and frame N are lowered, with the result that the dog H is
released from the escapement rack G and simultaneously therewith the dog T is
moved into the plane of the studs R so that the carriage will travel continuously
onwards until the dog, T ahuts against the stud R next presented in its path.
When the key lever O' is released and the rack-bar O consequently allowed to
return to its normal position, the headed pin S2 and the dog T descend so that the
latter becomes disengaged from the studs R8 and at the same time the arm T¹

page_text: ascends and allows the frame N and the escapement dogs H H¹ to return to their
normal position wherein the latter engage with the rack G, the paper carriage
thereafter remaining under the control of the step-by-step escapement mechanism
until the margin-release key O' is next operated.
The accounting bar R may be employed for making new paragraphs by
providing a stud R8 at the required position thereon.
If desired instead of the accounting dog T being fitted into or pivotted in one
of the lugs El as before described the dog may be slotted and the lug solid, in
which arrangement the lug would fit in the slotted part of the dog.
Various modifications may be made in the before described mechanism without
departing from the essential features of the invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inveu-
tion, as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is;-
1. In a type-writing machine the employment in combination with a type bar
hanger or bracket and the plate or bar supporting it of one or more dowels
substantially as described.
2. In a type-writing machine the combination with a type bar hanger or
bracket of one or more dowels pressed out of the metal of which the hanger is
constructed substantially as described.
3. In a type-writing machine the combination with a type-bar hanger or bracket
of an adjustable conical bearing such as D₁ having a slot or groove D' sub-
stantially as and for the purpose described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
4. In the escapement mechanism of a type writing machine the combination
with a pivotted block such as H' connected to the spacing frame or key board of
a block such as H carrying the escapement dogs and pivotted to the block H*
in substantially the manner described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
5. In the escapement mechanism of a type writing machine the combination
with a block such as H pivotted at one side to a bracket such as J of a block
such as He carrying the escapement dogs and pivotted to the block H* substantially
as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
6. In the escapement mechanism of a type writing machine the combination
with a pivotted block such as H* of a block such as He and dogs such as H H' all
pivotted together substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
7. In the escapement mechanism of a type writing machine the combination
with a block such as H' and dogs such as H H of a block such as H* connecting
together and capable of moving independently of both the block H' and the dogs
substantially as described.
8. In the escapement mechanism of a type writing machine the combination
with a dog-carrying block such as H of a shaft such as H2 and a long bearing
such as substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
9. In the escapement mechanism of a type writing machine the combination
with blocks such as H and H and dogs such as H H' all pivotted together
substantially as described of springs such as H10 H12 and stops such as H8 H13 for
respectively controlling and limiting the movements of these parts in relation to
each other.
10. In a type writing machine the employment of a longitudinally movable
pivotted rack bar such as O for fulfilling two functions of stopping the paper
carriage for forming the margin and locking the key board substantially as
described.
11. In a type writing machine the combination with a spacing frame such as K'
and a headed pin such as Q connected therewith of a spring-controlled rack bar

page_text: such as O longitudinally movable on the machine frame and carrying projections
such as O 0 and a trip such as 08 adjustable on the paper carriage substantially
-as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
12. In a type writing machine the employment of a readily-removable .or
-reversible accounting bar such as R substantially as and for the purpose
described.
13. In a type writing machine the combination with an accounting bar such
as R and a dog to engage therewith of means for operating the dog from the key
board.
14. In a type writing machine which in addition to the escapement rack rand
dogs for intermittently releasing the paper carriage is provided with an accounting
bar such as R and a dog for engaging therewith the employment of means
operated from the key board for releasing the paper carriage from the control of
the escapement rack and dogs and simultaneously therewith bringing it under the
control of the accounting bar and dog or vice versa.
15. In a type writing machine having the escapement rack rigidly secured to
the paper carriage and provided with an accounting. bar such as R aud dogs such
as H and T for engaging respectively with the rack and rack bar the employment
of means operated from the key-board for releasing the dog H from the. escape-
ment rack and simultaneously therewith engaging the dog T with the accounting
bar or vice versa substantially as described.
16. In a type writing machine the combination with a pivotted rack bar such
as O and an accounting dog such as T of an adjustable headed pin such as S
substantially as and for the purpose described.
17. In a type writing machine the combination with an accounting bar such
..as R forked at both ends and studs such as R R R R³ for securing it to the
machine frame of a spring controlled pin such as R4 R5 substantially as described
and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
18. In a type writing machine the combination and arrangement of parts
constituting the complete escapement mechanism substantially as described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 26th day of Mar 1896.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.: