IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING PASTEBOARD AND: OTHER SUBSTANCES, RENDERING THEM COMPACT AND IMPERVIOUS TO WET, FROST, VERMIN, AND DESTRUCTIVE AGENTS
Year: 1847

page_text: TO ALL: TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I.:WILLIAM
HUTCHISON; of No: 3, Wakeling Terrace,:: Barnsbury Park, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, send:greeting...
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent, under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom,of, Great
Britain and Ireland; bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-fifth day of
November, One thousand eight hundred and forty-seven,i, in the, eleventh year
of Her;reign, did; for. Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and; grant unto
me, the said: William::Hutchison, my, exors, admors, and, assigns, Her
especial licence;full power,..sole privilege and.;authority, that I,.,the said
William: Hutchison, my.sexors, admors, and, assigns; or such others as I,
the said: William Hutchison; my exors,,admors; or, assigns, should. at any
time: ágree: with;;and.no:others; from time to time and at all times, during
the term: of years herein: expressed, should and lawfully, might make, use,
exercise, and: vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed; in the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and
also in all Her said Majesty's Colonies and Plantations, abroad, the Invention,
communicated to me, from abroad, of.".IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING PASTEBOARD
AND: OTHER SUBSTANCES, RENDERING THEM COMPACT AND IMPERVIOUS TO WET,
FROST, VERMIN, AND DESTRUCTIVE AGENTS;" in which said.Letters:Patent, is
contained a provison thatI; the said William Hutchison, should..cause a
particular, description of the nature of ther said. Invention, by an instrument
in writing, under-my hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her Maesty's High

page_text: Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereto had, will more. fully.and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Hutchison, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed; are fully described and
ascertained in and by the present Specification and description thereof; that
is to say:-
This Invention consists in, and has reference to, improvements in certain
processes which have for their object the treating pasteboard and other
substances herein-after named, rendering them compact and impervious to
wet, frost, vermin, and other destructive agents, by the means and through the
agency of certain substances, matters, or things, combined and used under
certain circumstances, as herein-after set forth and described. In order to
carry the said Invention into practical effect, before proceeding to treat the
pasteboard, or other the substances to which the said Invention is applicable,
with the compositions, matters, or things requisite for effectuating the purposes
of the same, it is necessary to submit such pasteboard or substance to a gradual
but thorough drying process, in a chamber heated to from sixty degrees to one
hundred and thirty degrees Fahrenheit, according to the character of such paste-
..board or other the substance to be treated, with the view to entirely.expel there-
from all vegetable moisture, so as to render the same more readily absorbent of
the aforesaid compositions or composition, solution or solutions, with which the
pasteboard or other substance or material is to be infiltrated or impregnated.
In order to carry out the said. Invention, as herein-after particularly set forth
and described, the pasteboard or other substance or material herein-after
mentioned must be worked, or fashioned to the shape, form, or device required,
before or immediately after submitting it to the drying process, and then
subjected to the action of the particular solution suitable under the circum-
stances of the case, as herein-after described, for the purpose of rendering
such pasteboard or other substance to be treated compact and impervious to
wet, frost, vermin, and other destructive agents; all which is effected by this
Invention in so perfect a manner that pasteboard or other the substances
herein-after mentioned, after being treated, in accordance therewith, are not
liable to be deteriorated in value or appearance by any of the above means, and
do, in fact, become thereby almost imperishable. The pasteboard or.other
the substance under treatment being dried as aforesaid, is next immersed.in a
solution composed of certain substances, matters, or things herein-after set forth
and described, such solution or solutions being kept in a boiling-state both

page_text: before and during the immersion of such pasteboard or substance, and until it
becomes sufficiently infiltrated or impregnated with such solution, which generally
takes place, in the case of pasteboard sheets, in about half an hour and upwards
if.thicker than one quarter of an inch, and so on in proportion to substance.
The solution or solutions, composed of the substances, matters, or things herein-
after set forth, is used for the purpose of rendering pasteboard, or other the
substance under treatment, compact and impervious to wet, frost, vermin, and
other destructive agents, and is altered or varied in manner following, according
to the character of the particular color desired to be produced in or upon
said pasteboard or substance, taking care that the proportions in which the
said substances, matters, or things are admixed be such as those now set forth
and described.
.
To render pasteboard, or other the substance hereafter mentioned, compact
and impervious, and produce light and other colors, resin admixed with oils,
tallow, or other greasy or fatty matter, with such admixture of vegetable or
mineral colors, similar to those used by painters and others, as may be
considered by the practical operator sufficient to answer the purpose of coloring
the pasteboard or other substance in the manner and to the extent required
in each case respectively. To render pasteboard, or other the substance
hereafter named, compact and impervious, and produce dark and black colors,
pitch, admixed with oils, tallow, or other greasy or fatty matter, or coal tar,
with or without a proportion of pitch or other bituminous substance, may be
used; or glue, gums, and other cohesive and hard substances, boiled into a
solution with a due proportion of oils, tallow, or other greasy or fatty matter,
will effect a similar result; but I prefer using resin and pitch, with the
proper proportion of oils, tallow, or other greasy or fatty matter, colored with
a mixture of vegetable or mineral matter, as may be desired, they being easily
obtained, and being cheap and perfectly effective...
The proportion in which the substances, matters, or things composing the
above solution or solutions are admixed together are changed and varied,
according to the character of the pasteboard or substance under treatment, as
follows:-For pasteboard seventy-five parts of resin or pitch, and twenty-five
parts of oils, tallow, or any other greasy matter, with the addition, together
or separately, of pounded stone, chalk, slate, &c., thoroughly dried, and then
mixed therein as required, will produce, after exposure to the action of cold air,
a flexible but compact and impervious substance for the purposes of sheet
roofing, sheathing of ships, railway and other carriages, pipes, tiles, &c., and will
effectually resist the action of air, water, frost, vermin, and other destructive
agents, paper, old rags, hemp, flax, jute, tow, ropes, and cordage, even bay and

page_text: straw, or other vegetable matter, either mixed together or not, and formed
into a substance, being prepared for that purpose by being boiled or mashed
'together, and then shaped to the desired form; afterwards thoroughly freed from
all moisture, as herein-before mentioned, and submitted to the above boiling
solution, which will produce a similar result, as above stated::.Soft and-porous
wood, for railway sleepers and many other purposes, is treated. in a similar
manner, as before described, the proportions of the boiling. solution being
seventy parts pitch or resin, and thirty parts of oils; tallow, or any other greasy
matter, kept boiling during one hour if a quarter of an inch thick, and so on
according to the substance thereof. Plaster, plaster of Paris statues; busts,
and all ornaments made therewith, also chalk and alabaster, also all porous
art manufacture made of clay or other absorbent material, is or. are treated
with boiling solution, proportioned thus: seventy-five parts pitch or. resin, and
twenty-five parts oils; tallow, or fatty matter, colored with vegetable. or minéral
matter, as before stated. With regard to plaster änd plaster of Paris, great
care and precaution must be adopted in gradually drying them; taking-care
that previous to submitting them to the boiling solution they be not heated
too much, sixty degrees being found the most suitable, also taking care not to
continue them in the above boiling solution too long; say, from one to two
hours, and so on in proportion to cubical contents. In case of soft porous
stone, such as sandstone, the proportions of the boiling solutions consist of
ninety parts pitch or resin, and ten parts oils, tallow, or fatty matter. För
comparatively liard and compact stones, such as the oolitic and porous marble,
eiglity parts pitch or resin, and twenty parts oils; tallow; or fatty matters;
colored with vegetable or minerál mätter, as before stated, if required.. And
it is adviseable with regard to the more porous kinds of stone, such as sand-
štono for instance, which would not be easily workable without being - first
dried, to proceed by drying them, then working or fashioning them, and after-
wards drying them again before treating them with the composition or compo-
sitions, solution or solutions, as before. described. When the stone or other
the substance under treatment has become so dry that no vegetable moisture
remains therein; which can be ascertained by striking it, when, if it: be per-
fectly dry, it will give forth a ringing or metallic sound; it is then in a fit
state to be subjected to the action of the particular-solution suitable, under the
circumstances of the case, as herein-before described, for the purpose of
hardening such stone "ör substance, and rendering it impermeable or imper-
vious to water, air and frost, and impenetrable to the attacks of vermin,
and other destructive agents. Wrought iron or copper tanks should be
always used to boil the aforesaid solution or solutions in, and they should have

page_text: lids or covers to them, with distillating pipes proceeding therefrom, to carry. off
the spirit and gases generated, and to deposit. the same in a suitable reservoir
or suitable reservoirs. All the substances herein named,,when submitted: to
the above process. or processes, should be laid carefully in a suitable metal
frame, each part separated from the other;, which should be lowered into the
proper solution (kept boiling) previous to and during their immersion therein)
either by a crane or. other convenient-mechanism, raised in same. manner, and
lodged thereby in such boiling solution till the surface is freed from the.super-
fluous matter, and then withdrawn and exposed to the action of cold air, which
effectually indurates them; and renders them impervious to atmospheric, action,
vermin, and other.destructive agents.
"
For the purpose of joints, as required.in paving, pipes, and and other work,
either pounded stone or marble, chalk, sand; plaster, clay, or similar materials,"
is or are made use of; being first thoroughly dried, and then: mixed with the
boiling solution in the proportion of, seventy parts; of pounded material, 1.as
aforesaid, with twenty-five parts of boiling resin or pitch, and five parts of, oils,
tallow, or other greasy matter. mixed therewith, the whole to be well!mixed
together, and then applied to. such joints or other purposes while in. a warm
state. Blocks or squares, or any other, desired shape for general building pur-
poses, hydraulic or other work, are made, with, this last compound. by trans-
mitting the hot mixture, as before. stated, in metallic moulds, and afterwards
by exposing them to the action of cold air, which renders them excessively
hard and impervious. This said compound, when cold, can be made applicable
to any other shape or purposo, by being heated either by a hot iron or heated
in a suitable. vessel; such as used for plastering and other purposes.. Sand.or
clay mixed with flint or gravel is treated in, a similar manner, as before, stated.
To polish and give. the greatest: amount of impermeability to; stone, plaster,
plaster of Paris, chalk, and the like substances, when withdrawn from the,before-
mentioned boiling solution, and become quite cold (until which they are not in
a fit state to be operated with or upon in any way), their surfaces should be
smoothed or rubbed over with suitable materials, such as polishing, grit or
snake stones, which render them perfectly compact and unctaous to the touch,
similar to polished marble, from the pores being permanently closed against
atmospheric action by the use of the before-mentioned boiling solution or solu-
tions, or the substances, matters, or things before directed to be used for
cementing joints, &c.; and by simply rubbing the exposed surfaces with a
warm calico rag, or other similar soft material warmed, a finished polish will
be almost instantaneously obtained, equalling in every respect that of the finest
marble, and being permanent and lasting.

page_text: Having now described. the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed; I would have it understood that I am aware that
it has been formerly attempted to treat various substances and materials so as
to render them hard and impermeable, though not as hercin-before stated;
and therefore what I claim as being the said Invention, communicated to me
by a certain Foreigner residing abroad, as aforesaid, is the use and application
of the process or processes herein-before particularly set forth and described
for treating pasteboard and other substances, rendering them compact and
impervious to wet, frost, vermin, and other: destructive agents; that is, the use
and application of: the process or processes herein-before particularly set forth
and described in regard to the substances and materials herein-mentioned;
videlicit, first, pasteboard, paper, old rags; hemp, flax, jute, tow, soft and porous
wood, and other vegetable material; secondly, plaster, plaster of Paris works,
architectural ornaments made therewith, and.art manufactures made of clay or
other absorbent material; thirdly, stone, porous.marble, chalk, and alabaster;
fourthly, cement for plastering walls, lining reservoirs, joining pipes, cisterns,
and other purposes; and also the process or method of polishing the aforesaid
substances or materials, as herein-before set forth.and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Hutchison, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eleventh day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-eight: