A NEW OR IMPROVED LOOM FOR MANUFACTURING CHENILLE AND OTHER LACE WORK.
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Pierre Raymond Couchoud, of No. 71, Rue de
Rambuteau, in the City of Paris, in the Empire of France, Lace
Manufacturer, for the Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED LOOM FOR
MANUFACTURING CHENILLE AND OTHER LACE WORK.".
Sealed the 25th September 1862, and dated the 1st April 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Pierre Raymond Couchoud
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st April 1862.
I, PIERRE RAYMOND COUCHOUD, of No. 71, Rue de Rambuteau, in the
City of Paris, in the Empire of France, Lace Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED LOOK FOR
MANUFACTURING CHENILLE AND OTHER LACE WORK," to be as follows:-
I not only propose to improve the quality of chenille and similar articles,
but also to double, treble, quadruple, and even further surpass the power of
ordinary looms, that is to say, instead of making one chenille at a
time, my
improved loom will make three, four, or more, and that without forming
several guts, one gut only being used for several chenilles, if desired, and the
colors of the chenille may infinitely vary.
My improved loom will be best understood, by reference to the accom

page_text: panying Sheet of Drawings (forming part of this my Provisional Specification)
on which A, A, A, (Figures 1, 2, and 3) indicate the framing; B, B, B,
(Figures 1 and 2) plates or boards intended to hold the spindles carrying the
silk, woollen, cotton, or other threads; D, D, (Figure 2) bobbins carrying
the metallic or other threads d, d, (Figures 1 and 2) intended to form the
standing warp, binding threads, or foundation wires of the chenilles; E, E,
(Figures 1, 2, and 3) friction rollers which take and transmit the chenille.
The object of the two middle friction rollers is to press and guide the gut so
that the knife H, H, (Figures 1 and 2) may operate properly; F, F, (Figures
2 and 3) endless cords; G, G, (Figures 1, 2, and 3) pulley carrying the
endless cords H, H, (Figures 1 and 2) knife; I, I, (Figures 1 and 2) toothed
gearing; J (Figure 2) weight for stretching the endless cord; K, K,
(Figure 1) indicate the position of the baskets which are to receive the
chenilles; and K (Figure 2) basket; L, L, (Figures 1 and 2) gearing by
which the twisting apparatus or reel is set in motion; M, M, M, M, (Figures
1 and 2) reel or twisting apparatus carrying baskets, and giving twist to the
chenille; N (Figures 2 and 3) toothed gearing giving motion to the cone P
(Figure 3) which regulates the progress of the endless cord; 0, 0, 0,
(Figures 1 and 2) pulley supporting the chenille, with friction roller above,
to prevent the chenille sliding.
The operation is as follows:-As soon as the bobbins or spools intended to
carry the threads forming standing warp binding threads or foundation wires
of the chenille and the spindles carrying the silk, cotton, wool, or other
thread are furnished, it is only necessary to carry the standing warp, binding
threads, or foundation wire and the threads of the spindles which form the
gut on to the branch or piece carrying the hole where all the threads come
together, and set the loom at work. The gut then forms, and is carried
by the endless cords beneath the knife, where it is cut as fast as it approaches
it (the knife having a come-and-go motion.) The threads which are to form
the standing warp binding threads or foundation wires of the chenille draw
the cut silk or other material around the friction rollers, and as they leave
these rollers, the twisting is effected by the turning apparatus (placed in the
upper part of the loom) which receives its motion from the main toothed
gearing beneath the plates or boards of the spindle.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Pierre Raymond Couchoud in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 27th September 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PIERRE
RAYMOND COUCHOUD, of No. 71, Rue de Rambuteau, in the City of Paris, in
the Empire of France, Lace Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent,, bearing date the First day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Pierre Raymond Couchoud, Her special licence that I, the said
Pierre Raymond Couchoud, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Pierre Raymond Couchoud, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED LOOM FOR MANUFACTURING
CHENILLE AND OTHER LACE WORK," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Pierre Raymond Couchoud, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Pierre Raymond Couchoud, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto
annexed, and forming part of this my Specification, and to the figures and
letters of reference placed thereon:-
The object of my Invention is not only to make chenille and similar articles
otherwise and better than they have hitherto been made, but to treble,
quadruple,, and even further surpass the productive power of the ordinary
chenille loom, that is to say, instead of making one chenille at a time, I make
on my loom two, three, four, or more, and that without forming several guts
or wires, one gut only being used for several chenilles, if desired.
My improved loom is composed essentially of a framing of several boar.ls

page_text: or cylindrical plates pierced with holes, and destined to receive an indefinite
number of spindles of a large toothed wheel. placed beneath the two plates or
boards receiving motion from the motor, and transmitting it throughout the
mechanism of bobbins or spools which furnish the foundation wires or gut of
the chenille. These threads or wires, to the number of two or more for each
chenille, are intended to hold the cut threads, of which the chenille is made,
of two or more endless cords, turning round pulleys from the interior to the
exterior of the machine or loom, of a fixed knife, or one having a come-and-go
motion, cutting the gut which is formed by the silks leaving the spindles, of
one or more friction rollers to each chenille, intended not only to take and
hold the chenille as it leaves the other side of the rod where the gut is
formed, but the friction roller nearest the knife serves to approach and firmly
hold the gut by the pressure of a screw, spring, or other mechanism, so that
the knife may operate suitably; of two baskets or boxes into which the
chenille falls on leaving the pullies placed in the upper part of the loom, by
the movement of which, and the play of toothed gearing fitted for this object
the chenille is twisted as desired; lastly, of a crank, band, chain, toothed
gearing, or similar' means of setting the loom at work, and of a pedal for
stopping or setting the loom in motion, whether steam, horse, water, or other
power be used.
In the basket above mentioned is a compartment by which means the
chenille which rises does not encounter that which descends. Instead of
baskets, the same arrangement may be adopted as is used in warping silks, in
which case the chenille would envelope the lames or reeds of the warping
frame, and its position be changed by the block; in fact, the chenille may be
received as it is made by many different means.
:
It will be understood that the framing of the loom may be of iron, wood,
wood and iron, or other material, the toothed gearing of wood or metal, and
that the several parts may be modified without departure from my Invention;
and in all cases the operation is as follows:-As soon as the bobbins or spools
intended to carry the foundation wires or threads of the chenille, and the
spindles carrying the silk, cotton, woollen, or other threads are garnished, it
suffices to carry the foundation threads or wires, and the silken or other
threads which form the gut on to the branch or beak where is the hole in
which all the threads unite, and to set the loom at work. The gut then forms,
and is drawn by the endless cords under the knife, where it is cut as it
approaches; then the foundation threads or wires draw the cut silk round the
friction rollers, on leaving which the twisting is effected by means of the
revolving apparatus at the top of the loom.. This motion may, be given

page_text: by any of the known means or gearing. In some cases I deem it desirable
to adapt the pump spindle to my loom: When the loom is at work, the
pump which is in the interior of the spindle is suspended above the thread,
but should the thread break, the pump being no longer upheld by it, falls
beyond the length of the spindle, and coming upon an obstacle, arrests the
motion. In lieu of spindles, cops, bobbins, spools, or other thread carriers
may be used to form the gut, or a special apparatus may be used if necessary,
but in all cases the whole would be fitted to the plates or boards. By
this method it is easy to sort, graduate, shade, and marble or mix the colors;
in one word, to form an infinite number of combinations at will. IIitherto
marbled or mixed chenilles, (otherwise chenilles, the threads of which are
of different colours,) could only be obtained by using a weaving looni and
several shades of tram, which obliges the weaver to change shuttle each time
that he changes the color, and this is very onerous in consequence of the
quantity of shuttles to be used. From the difficulty in the manufacture, this
description of chenille is but little known, but with my loom, shaded, marbled,
or mixed chenilles may be manufactured as easily as plain chenille, as the
spindles may be multiplied at will. Hitherto but one bobbin has been used
to furnish the silk to be cut,' and consequently but few, if any combinations
could be made; whereas, by my loom, not only can I make every chenille
hitherto made, but even mix the colors on the same bobbin or spool, place as
many bobbins, and multiply the colors. as may be desired, the result being
chenilles of various colors superposed the one above the other, without being
mixed. I therefore claim, as of my Invention, the use of two or more bobbins
or cops to furnish the silk.
.
Amongst the modifications which may be made in my improved loom, is
the suppression of two friction rollers to each chenille, as two only may suffice
to bear the gut of the chenilles. In this case the chenille would twist imme-
diately upon being cut; on the other hand, the friction rollers may be
multiplied indefinitely if required. The fixed rod between the friction rollers,
on which the gut is formed, and along which the knife traverses, may also be
suppressed, in which case the knife will work naked between the two endless
cords, on which will form the silken or other gut to be cut when it approaches
the knife. This knife will be held by the two ends at a fixed level, and be of the
form of an iron cutting saw, in order that if it meets with any resistance from.
the friction rollers which tighten upon it, it may neither break or deviate, one
of which would certainly occur if it were not upheld at the two ends, and
strong enough to resist the work it is effecting. In the first arrangement, the
knife may also be upheld at the two ends like a saw, and its shape and

page_text: mechanism may vary according to requirement. That the cord may not be
endless cord, a cord or gut
Instead of two endless cords.
cut by the naked blade working against. this
covered with brass or other wire may be used.
one only may be used, and in this case a knife would be placed on each side
the gut, and in lieu of this cord, an iron or other metal wire may be used
with a groove on each side to hold the knife, and prevent its deviating, by
which arrangement one knife only could be used, if desired, and only one
chenille made from the same gut. On the other hand an indefinite number of
knives may be placed around the same gut, and as many chenilles be produced
as there are knives. When the rod is suppressed, the endless cord alone gives
the thickness of the gut which determines that of the chenille. My object
has been specially to accelerate the manufacture by making several. chenilles
at one time on the same loom by the same gut, and to multiply the colors
ad infinitum; and I claim, as of my Invention, the manufacture of several
chenilles at one time with the same gut, whether of silk, cotton, wool, or
other material, essentially as herein-before described and shewn.
In the accompanying Drawing, on which A, A, A, indicates the framing;
B, B, B, boards or plates intended to hold the spindles; C, C, C, spindles.
carrying the threads, silk, woollen, cotton, flax, or other; D, D, bobbins
carrying the metallic or other threads intended to form the foundation of the
chenille. These same bobbins may be fixed on the moveable shaft serving as
axle, or plate, or table, carrying the spindles at about four inches beneath the
branch or beak where the threads unite, that is to say, between the plate
carrying the spindles and the beak. This only applies to the bobbins carrying
the threads Q, that is to say, the interior threads. E, E, friction rollers to
receive and transmit the chenille. The object of the two centre rollers is to
press and hold the gut so that the knife may operate properly; F, endless
cords; G, G, pulley carrying the endless cords; H, H, knife; I, I, toothed
wheel adhering to the circular plate carrying the spindles, and receiving
motion from the prime motor; J, weight to stretch the endless cord; it may
be replaced by a spring or other means; K, K, cage and position of cage
where the baskets for receiving the chenilles are placed; L, L, L, toothed
gearing for setting the frame M, M, M, in motion; M, M, M, frame or
lantern carrying the basket, and operating the twisting of the chenille;
N, toothed gearing giving motion to the cone P, which regulates the march of
the endless cord. This cone should be covered with dogskin or similar
material, in order that the endless cord may not slide. O, pulley supporting
the chinelle with friction rollers above to prevent the chenille sliding; Q, thread
intended to form the inner foundation of the chenille; R, thread intended to

page_text: orm the exterior foundation of the chenille; S, pedal for throwing the loom
n and out of gear; T, pin or spindle acting as an obstacle, and stopping the
oom when a thread breaks.
In conclusion, I desire it to be understood that motion may be transmitted
y bands, toothed gearing, rag chains and wheels, or otherwise, and the details
f my improved loom be modified without departing from my Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Pierre Raymond Couchoud, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of September, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
P. R. COUCHOUD. (L.S.)
MOY SOSTRÉNES.