Improvements in Gullies and similar Receptacles for Street Refuse, and Parts relating thereto.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 8th May, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 8th Feb., 1894-Accepted, 7th Apr., 1894!
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Gullies and similar Receptacles for Street Refuse,
and Parts relating thereto.
I, JAMES TOWNSLEY PEARSON, of St James' Hall, Burnley in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
:-
The objects of these improvements are:-
1st. To minimise the amount of solid matter which under existing circumstances
passes through the gully into the drain or sewer.
2nd. To reduce the frequency with which gullies are rendered inoperative through
being obstructed or choked.
3rd. To separate the liquid and solid matter immediately on entering.
4th. To expedite the removal of the solid matter with considerably less labour
and free from an accumulation of water.
5th. To impede evaporation from the water in the bottom of the gully: and
preserve and secure the seal, and minimise the escape of noxious vapour.
6th. To render the-gully less expensive and lighter and more portable without
fatally diminishing its strength, and
7th. To facilitate a more expeditious, and less costly collection and removal of
street refuse.
In order to carry out these improvements, I prefer to construct the gully or like
receptacle either partially or completely of corrugated galvanized iron, steel or
zinc, cylindrical, or otherwise in shape, with a view to rendering them less costly
and lighter and more portable, consistently with strength, but I do not confine
myself exclusively to any particular shape or conformation, or material.
The gully or equivalent is provided with a suitable outlet to permit the liquid to
pass to the drain, also a partition to effect the seal and prevent the escape of the
sewer gas.
A suitable slide may be provided in the partition to allow the gully between the
partition and the outlet, and the outlet itself, to be freed from obstruction, if
necessary.
"
The inside of the gully may be provided with or without "retainers for
intercepting solid matter.
"
When "retainers are employed of a rectangular shape, either one or more may
be used, having one or more sides (perpendicular or sloping either way) or, if
circular in shape, a portion of the side perforated the whole depth so that the
liquid and solid matter will be separated immediately on entering, and prevented
from accumulating and lodging or remaining, whether the retainer was previously
empty or partially full; the liquid being allowed to pass through the perforations
at any level between the top and bottom, whilst the mud dust and other refuse are
retained.
The receptacle or "retainer" is suspended or supported a little above, and out of
contact with the water in the bottom of the gully when at its normal height i.e.
level with the bottom of the outlet pipe, the top of the receptacle reaching within
a suitable distance of the grate above, and being provided with a suitable handle
for lifting it out.

page_text: "
The "retainers are constructed of such a shape, as to allow of a passage for the
liquid to the outlet equal in area to the latter.
The gully, may be provided with a suitable grate and frame the latter constructed
either with or without a recess on its under side, into which the rim round the top
of the gully will fit and receive substantial support.
"
In order to prevent dust, liquid, etc., passing between the sides of the
"receptacles and the gully, a strip of suitable material may be provided to
overhang into the inside of the "retainer."
The grate of the gully may be constructed so that the openings or spaces may be
situated immediately over, and in an area somewhat less than, and within the
perimeter of the "retainer" or "retainers" below, in order that whatever passes
through the grate, will fall into the receptacle or "retainers".where solid matter
will be intercepted, and the liquid prevented from accumulating and lodging or
remaining, but allowed to pass away at any level, immediately on entering through
the perforations or filtering medium, into the bottom of the gully, and thence
through the outlet into the drain.
'
Additional sheets of filtering medium pervious to water but sufficiently dense to
hold back or retain particles of solids etc., may be placed over or at suitable
distances apart from the perforated side or sides of the "retainers" the latter may
be protected from injury by a plate or shield fixed at a suitable distance so as not
to impede or obstruct the flow of liquid.
When "retainers" are not employed the gully or receptacle consists of a chamber
of suitable shape having a perforated partition or filtering medium of suitable width
and extending from or near to the top to or within a short distance of the bottom.
This chamber may be provided with a suitable movable detachable, and adjustable
cover, sloping in one or more directions so as to cause mud to slide down either the
perforated side or sides or the blank sides of the chamber or both.
A grate, door,
or like equivalent may also be provided through which the street refuse may pass.
The liquid that can be separated from the solid matter will immediately..pass
away and through a suitable trap, properly sealed, to the drain, after which the
refuse may be removed free from an accumulation of water.
This chamber can also be used for flushing the drain or sewer, for which purpose
a valve is provided near the bottom, by closing it; and filling the chamber with
water, and then reopening the valve, the water escapes, and the drain or sewer is
flushed.
Instead of allowing the water to pass through the trap or seal it may flow away
through pipes not provided with a trap or seal.
Dated this 6th day of May 1803
:
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Gullies and similar Receptacles for Street Refuse,
and Parts relating thereto.
1, JAMES TOWNSLEY PEARSON, of St. James Hall Burnley, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of the outer casing or gully shewn in perspective

page_text: Figure 7 is a perspective view of the perforated partition.
Figure 8 is a side elevation of Figure 7.
Figure 9 is a back elevation of Figure 7.
Figures 10 and 20 are views shewing the application of two or more
side by side in the same gully.
" retainers
"
Figure 11 is a view shewing the application of a cover or guide (12) to prevent
slime etc. dropping on to the perforated partition.
Figure 12 is a plan of the latter.
Figure 13 is a sectional elevation of a gully with perforated partition; but
without movable "retainer."
Figure 14 is also a sectional elevation of a gully with perforated partition; but
without movable "retainer."
Figure 15 is a plan of the latter.
Figure 16 shews the application of a "retainer" and stand to any description of
gully.
Figure 17 is a perspective view of a rectangular "retainer."
"
Figure 18 shews the arrangement of two or more "retainers one above the
other.
Figure 19 shews sectional elevation of gully, and also elevation of "retainer"
and stand.
Figure 21 shews sectional elevation of gully with movable partition and movable
bottom, but without "retainer," all constructed and arranged in accordance with my
invention.
In order to successfully accomplish the objects named in the Provisional Specifi-
cation hereof, and at the same time obviate the necessity of emptying gullies with
a scoop on to the surface of the street, from which it has then to be scraped and
lifted in small quantities (by a shovel) into the cart, (which not only takes up
a considerable time of three men and a horse and cart, but also contaminates the
street and causes an objectionable smell), I prefer to construct the gully of thin
sheets of galvanized iron, steel or zinc either plain or corrugated and of the shape
or conformation indicated by Figure 4. in the drawings.
It is thus lighter, more portable and less expensive than if composed of cast-iron
or earthenware, of which materials they are usually manufactured.
I do not, however, confine myself to any specific material.
It is provided with an outlet (1) to permit the liquid to pass to the drain, also
with a trap (2) to effect a seal and prevent the escape of the sewer gas.
The lid (3) which, when fixed in the position shewn is air tight, is provided in
the trap (2) to allow the gully near the outlet, and the outlet itself, to be freed
from obstruction if necessary.
The inside of the gully is provided with the "retainer" or "retainers" (4)
Figures 4 & 6 for the purpose of intercepting the solid matter, and lifting it into
carts, by which means the removal of solid matter free from an excessive
accumulation of water is expedited with considerably less labour; evaporation from
the water in the bottom of the gully is impeded, and by sweeping or scraping the
mud, etc., down the channels into the gully (the liquid passing into the sewer and
the solid matter being intercepted and lifted by means of the "retainer "-in a
comparatively dry state-direct into the cart in quantities of several shovels-ful
each time), instead of forming it into numerous heaps at the sides of the streets
and lifting it by single shovels-ful into the cart, a more expeditious collection of
street refuse is facilitated at a considerably reduced cost.
By intercepting solid matter in the "retainer" the amount which would
otherwise pass into the outlet pipe is minimised and the gully less liable to be
obstructed or choked.
In order to adapt any description of gully to this system I construct the
"retainer" (4) of a shape to suit the interior of the gully to which it is to be

page_text: applied and support it in the proper position as shewn in Figures 10, 16, 17, 18, 19
& 20 by means of the stand (5) or an equivalent device such as the one illustrated
at (6) Figures 1, 10, 11, 18, & 21.
A portion of the periphery or perimeter of the "retainer is composed of
perforated material as shewn at (7) Figures 4, 6 & 7, protected by the shield or
cover (8) Figs. 4, 6, 16, 17, 19, & 20 or as an equivalent the perforated partition (7)
is inserted and a part of the periphery or perimeter cut away, the remainder acting
as the shield or cover.
This perforated part or partition of the "retainer" is provided for the purpose of
separating the liquid from the solid matter, the latter being intercepted and retained
whilst the former passes through the perforations into the bottom of the gully and
thence into the sewer.
One of the principal objects of this invention is to ensure that liquid is separated
from solid matter-and prevented from accumulating, or lodging and remaining-
immediately on entering the "retainer” irrespective of the depth of the contents
previously retained-the liquid being permitted to pass away at any level
simultaneously with the interception of solid matter.
In order to effectually accomplish. this important object, the perforated part or
partition reaches the full depth of the "retainer" so that the liquid will pass
through the perforations at any level between the top and bottom.
Another important feature connected with the perforated part or partition is that
the perforations vary in size, otherwise if they were all of the same dimension they
would either be too small-in which case they would be blocked up-or too large
for the purpose intended, in both instances the "retainer" would be rendered
practically inoperative.
In order to minimise the possibility of these two difficulties arising, I divide the
perforated part or partition between the top and bottom into several sections, the
top portion of each section being perforated with a row of holes or slots (9)
Figures 4, 6, 7, 8 & 9 considerably larger than those below, so that, should the
smaller holes (10) become blocked up, and not permit the liquid to pass away
sufficiently quick, an uninterrupted passage will always be found through the larger
holes or slots.
In front of the larger holes, I fix the dipping pieces (11) to reduce the quantity
of solid matter which would otherwise pass through.
In order to diminish the accumulation of greasy, slimy matter emanating from
horse-dropping urine etc., which is of a very adhesive and tenacious nature and
has a tendency to deposit on the perforated part or partition and choke it up, I
employ the cover (12) Figures 11 & 12 which guides such matter, also mud etc. and
prevents it dropping thereon.
The receptacles or retainers" are suspended or supported a little above, and
out of contact with the water in the bottom of the gully when at its normal height,
ie. level with the bottom of the outlet-by the projections or stand previously
referred to; the top of the "retainer" or receptacle reaching close to the
grate (13) Figures 2, 3, & 4 above and is provided with the handle (14) for
lifting it out.
The aggregate area to allow of a passage for the liquid from the grate to the
outlet is equal to the latter.
The gully is provided with the grate (13) and frame (15) Figures 2, 3, & 4 the
latter having an annular recess or groove (16) on its underside, into which the rim
round the top of the gully fits and receives substantial support.
The grate is constructed so that the openings or spaces (17) Figure 3 are situated
immediately over, and in an area somewhat less than, and within the perimeter of
the "retainer" or "retainers" below, in order that whatever passes through the
grate, will fall into the same, where, as previously stated, solid matter will be
intercepted, and the liquid prevented from accumulating and lodging or remaining,
but allowed to pass away at any level through the perforations or filtering medium
into the bottom of the gully, and thence through the outlet into the drain.

page_text: The underside of the outer rim of the grate is bevelled down at (18) Figures 2
& 4, so that the liquid cannot drop outside the "retainer."
For deep gullies, in order that the "retainer" (4) shall not be too heavy when.
filled for a man to lift, I employ several in the manner illustrated in Figure 18.
They are constructed as previously described with the exception that all but the.
lowest one (19) have perforated bottoms so that mud etc. will pass through to the
lowest "retainer" until it is charged, when the next one above will retain the solid
matter and so on until they are all filled.
The perforations or slots in the bottom of the "retainers" (20) will be sufficiently
large to allow the mud etc. to pass freely through, but not excessively so as not
to retain the consolidated solid matter when the "retainer" is full and being
lifted out.
I find from experiment that when wet street refuse has been deprived of the
greater portion of its moisture it contains when entering the gully, it becomes
solidified or concreted to such an extent as not to pass without assistance through
the holes in the bottoms of the "retainers."
For other large gullies I employ several "retainers" side by side in the manner
illustrated in Figures 10 & 20.
When "retainers" (4) are not employed, the gully or receptacle consists of a
chamber (21) Figures 11, 13, 14, & 21 divided by the perforated partition or
filtering medium (22).
It is also provided with a grate and frame; the trap (2) and seal (24) and an,
outlet as shewn.
The mud etc. passes into the chamber (21) where solid matter is retained whilst
liquid escapes through the perforated part or partition (similar to that previously
described and illustrated in respect to the "retainers,") passing through the
passage (23) into the seal (24) and thence into the outlet.
In the event of sediment accumulating in the seal or lower portion of the
gully (24) to such an extent as to necessitate its being removed by a tool, it can
be inserted by removing the plate (25) Figures 14 & 15 which is made movable.
for the purpose.
An air tight lid is provided at (26) so as to obtain access to the outlet pipe
when necessary.
The filtering medium (which may consist of two or more plates or thicknesses).
and the bottom (26) of the chamber (21) of Figures 11 & 21, are movable, as are
also the perforated partitions (22) of Figures 13, 14, & 15 and (7) of the
* retainers."
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In gullies, the frame (15) Figures 2, 3 & 4, the stand (5) Figure 5;.
perforated partition or filtering medium (7) Figures 7, 8, 9; also (22) Figures 11,
13, 14, 15, 21 all substantially as described and illustrated.
2. A gully with the "retainers" (4) side by side substantially as described and
illustrated in Figures 10 & 20.
3. A gully with the "retainers" (4) one above the other substantially as described
and illustrated by Figure 18.
4. In a gully, the cover or guide (12) Figures 11 & 12 and the movable bottom (26).
of Figures 11 & 21 substantially as described and illustrated.
5. In gullies, the "retainer" (4) Figures 6 & 17 with perforated filtering
medium (7) having slots, holes, and dipping pieces, substantially as described and
illustrated for the purpose specified.
6. The construction of gullies embracing the arrangement and combination of
the parts substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore specified, and illustrated.
by Figures 13, 14, & 15.

page_text: 7. The construction of gullies embracing the arrangement and combination of the
parts substantially as and for the purpose specified and illustrated by Figure 4 in
the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 7th day of February 1804
JAS. T. PEARSON.