Improvements in and relating to GyvICs.
Year: 1899

page_text: Improvements in and relating to GyvICs.
I, WILLIAM MCANESPIE, of 134, Aitkenhead Road, Glasgow, North Britain,
Manufacturers Traveller, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:
-
It relates to cycles and has for its objects;-
-
1st. To reduce the friction and increase the speed of their driving mechanism.
2nd. To reduce the proportions and weight of the frame.
3rd. To adapt the vehicle for being turned within a smaller radius.
In carrying out one modification of this invention a cycle frame is made some-
what shorter than usual from front to rear and the space or distance between the
front and back wheels is less than ordinary. The driving mechanism comprises
two box wheels fitted with ball bearings upon the rear fork of the frame; one
wheel upon each prong of the fork: treadle cranks are fixed to these wheels and
each box wheel encloses a small spur (or roller) wheel connected to the spindle
of the rear wheel of the cycle. Within the rim of each box wheel its whole cir-
cumference is furnished with small rollers mounted loosely upon short round
cross rails or studs (instead of cogged teeth) for engaging with the small spurred
(or roller) wheel. These short round rails or bars upon which the said loose rollers
are mounted are fitted into the two side plates which form parts of the channel
rim of the box wheel and the teeth of the spurred wheels are geared without
slackness into the spaces between the loose rollers. When the small wheels
are provided with rollers in place of cogged teeth the said rollers engage similarly
(that is, without slackness) with the rollers upon the larger wheels. These
readle or driving-box-wheels cover over the axis of the cycle's rear wheel and are
mounted in forward positions upon studs and ball bearings contained upon the
rear fork of the frame: the saddle being in a more than ordinarily vertical
position above the treadles.
Another modification comprises the aforesaid driving mechanism fitted upon
the front fork of the frame: the frame and eyele being, in this modification more
in the form of the bicycles of thirty years ago.
The small wheels of the driving mechanism whether they are made with spurs
or rollers are fixed immoveably to and revolves with the cycle wheel. This
spindle is not a fixed one but revolves in ball bearings (which are sometimes
conical ones) contained upon the cycle frame.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Cycles.
I, WILLIAM MCANESPIE, of 3, James Street, Shettleston, and formerly of 134
Aitkenhead Road, Glasgow, North Britain, Manufacturer's Traveller, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be per
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
It relates to cycles and has for its objects:
1st. To reduce the friction and increase the speed of their driving mechanism
2nd. To reduce the proportions and weight of the frame.
3rd. To adapt the vehicle for being turned with a smaller radius.
The invention will be better understood if reference is made to the accom-
panying drawings, in which;
Figure 1 is a broadside view in elevation shewing the general construction of a
cycle made in accordance with this invention.
Figure 2 is an edge view in elevation from the rear of the cycle.
Figure 3 is a plan view of the cycle above named.
Figures 4 to 6 are details of gearing wheels.
Figure 7 is fragmentary plan view in section shewing parts of the driving
mechanism.
Figures 8 to 14 are views in elevation and section of driving wheels and other
parts.
Figure 15 is a fragment, shewing details.
Similar letters of reference and numerals throughout the illustrations indicate
corresponding parts.
Safety
"
In carrying out one modification of the invention as applied to a
bicycle, as represented in Figs. 1 to 3 of the drawings, a cycle frame A is made
somewhat shorter than usual from the front fork a¹ to the rear fork a², and the
space or distance B between the front and back wheels C and D is less than
ordinary. The space B, between the wheels C and D, Fig. 1, is not more than
one seventh of the whole of the machine from X to Z. This reduction of the space
B between the front and back wheels, enables this machine to be turned when
riding, in a smaller circle than is usual with chain geared cycles, and the whole
frame is rendered much more firm, rigid and steady when in use.
of the frame A contributes also to reduce the weight of the machine.
The shortening
The driving mechanism comprises two box wheels E, Figs. 1 to 3, fitted with
ball bearings upon the rear (horizontal) fork a³ of the frame. One wheel E is
fitted upon each prong of the fork a³. Treadles el are sometimes fixed as shewn
in Figs. 1 to 9, to these wheels, and each box wheel E encloses a small spur (or
roller wheel For f¹ connected to the hub and spindle of the wheel D. Within
the rim of each box wheel E, its whole circumference is furnished with small
rollers mounted loosely upon short, round cross rails et, Figs. 9 to 14, (instead
of cogged teeth) for engaging with the small spurred (or roller) wheels F, f¹.
These short round rails or bars, et, upon which the said loose rollers are
mounted, are fitted into the two side plates e³ e Fig. 7, which form parts of the
channel rim of the box wheel E, and the teeth f3 of the spurred wheels F, Figs. 6
and 8, are geared without slackness into the spaces between the loose rollers e
When these small wheels are provided with rollers e as shewn in Figs. 4, 5, 12 to
14, in place of cogged teeth f. the said rollers engage similarly (that is, without
slackness) with the rollers e³, or teeth f³ upon the larger wheels E. These treadle
or driving-box-wheels E cover over the axis of the cycles driving wheel D, and
are mounted in forward positions upon the rear (horizontal) fork a³ of the frame A
They are fitted upon studs or trunnions G which are designed to run loosely in
ball bearings contained upon the two arms of the horizontal fork a³.

page_text: The saddle J, Figs. 1 to 3, is in a more than ordinarily vertical position, relatively
to and above the treadle wheels E: it is situated vertically above the studs G.
The small wheels of the driving mechanism, whether they are made with spurs f.
Figs. 6 and 8, or rollers e³, Figs. 4 to 14, are fixed immoveably to the spindle
and hub of the cycle wheel D, as shewn in Fig. 14, and all revolve together.
The spindle of the wheel D) is not fixed rigidly to the horizontal fork a³
of the frame, but revolves in conical, ball bearings contained in and upon the
bifurcated rear ends a' of the horizontal fork a³. A sectional view is shewn in
Fig. 14 of this hub with conical, ball bearings and small roller driving wheels fl
fixed upon the spindle f. The cones f run loose upon the spindle f3 and the
bush is grooved, top and bottom, to fit the bifurcated ends a' in which it is
immoveably retained with the aid of a cottar or bolt a5, Fig. 15. The parts f6,
Fig. 14, represent the flanges of the hub which contain the wire spokes of the
wheel D; these are fixed immoveably to the spindles and the small wheels fi
are fixed upon it by screw threading or otherwise and retained in their positions
thereon by means of headed screws f, each of which is screwed to the spindle with
a screw-thread reverse to that of the adjacent wheel. The wear and tear of
the ball joints shewn in Fig. 14 is taken up by tightening the wheels f, and the
screws washers being added between the several parts when required.
When the small driving wheels are fitted with rollers e³, the box wheels E
are furnished, by preference, with round-nosed teeth f³ for engaging with them as
shewn in Fig. 10. The rounded form of these teeth is a source of considerable
advantage; it is especially favourable for obtaining a silent and easy working
gear. There is no knocking either heard or felt when these teeth are properly
fitted to the small rollers e³, as each spur f³ engages with and disengages itself
from the rollers more gradually, continuously, and imperceptibly than the pointed
teeth in ordinary use.
In Figure 7, which is a sectional view, the double concave parts a are con-
tained in castings a8, Figs. 7 and 15, which are brazed into the hollow frame a³
and are adapted for receiving through each centre bore a7, Fig. 15, the trumpet-
shaped studs or trunnions G. The cones g' are screw threaded upon G and when
the balls H have been placed in the cavities and the said cones have been
tightened the trunnions G are adapted for receiving the driving wheels E and
treadle cranks K. Each driving wheel E has an extended centre boss, with
bore e, which is screw threaded, internally for engaging with the trunnion G,
and externally for receiving the treadle crank K which is prevented from ac-
cidental displacement by means of a headed screw fixed into the trunnions G.
This screw is screw threaded reversely to the adjacent members E and K, and
a key or cottar pin g³, with screwed nut, further assists in keeping the treadle
crank from getting accidentally detached from the wheel E when back pedalling.
The rollers of the small wheels f¹ which are shown in Figs. 4, 5 and 12 pro-
ject beyond the disc side plates for engaging with the rollers 3 of the wheel E.
Figs. 4 and 8. The best results are obtained by a combination of round-nosed
spur teeth upon the large wheel E and rollers e³ upon the small wheel fl as
shewn in Fig. 10.
The comparative shortness of this frame A reduces the irregular vibration of
it and enables a quicker turn to be effected when riding upon it.
Another modification of the invention comprises the aforesaid driving mechanism
fitted upon a front (horizontal) fork of a cycle frame; the frame and cycle being,
in this modification more in the form of the bicycles which were in vogue thirty
years ago.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
First, A "Safety" cycle with chainless geared driving mechanism wherein the
space B between the front and back wheels C and D) does not exceed one seventh

page_text: of its total length from X to Z, all substantially as herein described with reference
to Figure 1 of the drawings.
Second, In a Safety" cycle with chainless geared driving wheels the com-
bination with a. horizontal fork such as a³ of the castings with eyes a² and
bal cavities all substantially as herein described with reference to the draw-
ings for the purposes specified.
Third, In a Safety" cycle with chainless geared driving wheels the com-
bination with a horizontal fork such as a³ and castings as, of the trunnions G,
cones and balls H,, all substantially as herein described and drawn for the pur-
poses specified.
Fourth, In a Safety" cycle with chainless geared driving mechanism the
combination with a horizontal fork such as a³ of castings as, trunnions G, cones gl
and a spur wheel E, f3 all substantially as herein described and drawn for the
purposes specified.
Fifth, In a Safety" cycle with chainless geared driving mechanism, the
combination with a horizontal fork such as a³ of castings a³, trunnions G, cones gl
epur wheels E, and roller wheels fall substantially as herein described
and drawn for the purposes specified.
Sixth, In a "Safety" cycle with chainless geared driving mechanism, the
combination therewith of a hub and spindle fa and roller wheels fl fixed to and
adapted for being rotated with its driving wheel, all substantially as herein
described and drawn for the purposes specified.
Seventh, In a Safety" cycle with chainless geared driving mechanism, a
driving wheel hub, comprising a spindle f2, cones f. roller wheels fi adapted
for revolving in ball bearings f and engaging with spurred wheels E, ƒ³ all
substantially as herein described and drawn for the purpose specified.
"
Eighth, In the chainless geared driving wheels of a Safety" cycle, the com-
bination therewith of the round-nosed spur teeth or cogs" 3 all substantially
as herein described and drawn for the purposes specified.
Ninth, In a cycle with chainless geared driving, wheels E and f¹ the com-
bination therewith of a saddle J the centre of gravity whereof is vertically in
line with and above the trunnions G all substantially as herein described and
drawn.
D 1
1
T
1 T
1
1000
JOSEPH LOCKWOOD,*
263, Argyle Street, Glasgow, Agent for the Applicant.