IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO FURNACES AND FURNACE BARS FOR STEAM BOILERS AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick John Cheesbrough, of the Office for Patents,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Consulting Engineer,
for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO FURNACES AND
FURNACE BARS FOR STEAM BOILERS AND OTHER PURPOSES." A com-
munication from abroad by Franz Jauner, of Vienna, in the Empire of
Austria
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick John Cheesbrough
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th November 1880.
FREDERICK JOHN CHEESBROUGH, of the Office for Patents, 15, Water Street,
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Consulting Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
AND RELATING TO FURNACES AND FURNACE BARS FOR STEAM BOILERS AND
OTHER PURPOSES." [A communication from abroad by Franz Jauner, of Vienna,
in the Empire of Austria.]
This Invention has for its object a novel construction of furnace and furnace
bars, whereby there is effected a more complete combustion of the fuel and gases
than by furnaces now in use.
This Invention can be carried out in various ways, but depends upon the
principles hereafter defined, that is to say:-
First. Heating in its passage through the furnace and fire bars a portion of the
air used and introduced to support combustion of the fuel in the furnace.
Second. Conducting a portion of the air for supporting combustion through
hollow fire bars, or their equivalent, and up a passage at the back of the furnace,
and introducing such air into the furnace at a point above the fire bars and fuel,
so as to meet and come in contact with the combustible gases from the fuel
before they escape, and thus bring the unconsumed particles of coal or smoke
into contact with an opposing current of oxygen, so that such particles of coal
and smoke may be completely consumed, and not be wasted by escaping up the
chimney.
According to one method of carrying this Invention into operation, a series of
hollow fire bars are used, open at their front ends, and opening into a box or
chamber at the back of the furnace. This box or chamber is provided with a
damper or door at the bottom thereof for supplying air without drawing such air
гр

page_text: through the furnace bars. The box is carried up at the back or bridge of the
furnace, and opens out at a point above the fire bars and fuel, so as to supply heated
air to meet the combustible gases as previously stated. A portion of the air
used to support combustion passes up between the hollow furnace bars into the
furnace, as in ordinary furnaces. The fire bars may be constructed in one length
or in sections to suit the requirements of the furnace to which they are applied.
They may be constructed as single bars, or cast together in groups.
According to another method of carrying this Invention into operation, the
furnace bottom may be constructed of a chamber pierced by a series of tapered
tubes which enter the furnace at their apex, their base opening out into the ash pit.
Through these tubes a portion of the air required to support combustion in the
furnace is supplied, the remainder of the air required being drawn from the front of
the ashpit through the tube pierced chamber and up through a chamber or box at
the back of the furnace, as before described, which, as in the previous case, is
carried up and opens out into the furnace at a point above the fire bars and fuel.
The air in its passage through the tube chamber and uptake box is heated and
meets the combustible gases, as previously stated.
In the further carrying out of this Invention steam, plain or superheated, may be
passed through the hollow fire bars or their equivalent, with or without atmospheric
air, and onto the furnace through the uptake box. The oxygen and other
gases thus liberated assist the combustion of the fuel and the consumption of the
smoke.
By the application of this Invention a most complete combustion of the fuel
in the furnace takes place, and the waste gases and smoke are consumed.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Frederick John Cheesbrough in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 24th February 1881.
FREDERICK JOHN CHEESBROUGH, of the Office for Patents, 15, Water Street,
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Consulting Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
AND RELATING TO FURNACES AND FURNACE BARS FOR STEAM BOILERS AND
OTHER PURPOSES.". A communication from abroad by Franz Jauner, of Vienna,
in the Empire of Austria.
This Invention has for its object a novel construction of furnace and furnace
bars, whereby there is effected a more complete combustion of the fuel and gases than
by furnaces now in use, and the following is a full, clear, and exact description
thereof, reference being had to the accompanying Sheets of Drawings making a
part of this Specification, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, like letters
and figures being used to denote the same or corresponding parts throughout the
various views.
This Invention can be carried out in various ways, but depends upon the principles
hereafter defined, that is to say :-
First. Heating in its passage through the furnaces and fire bars a portion of the
air used and introduced to support combustion of the fuel in the furnace.
Second. Conducting a portion of the air for supplying combustion through hollow
fire bars or their equivalent, and up a passage at the back of the furnace, and
introducing such air into the furnace at a point above the fire bars and fuel, so as
to meet and come in contact with the combustible gases from the fuel before they
escape, and thus bring the unconsumed particles of coal or smoke into contact with
an opposing current of oxygen, so that such partieles of coal and smoke may be
completely consumed and not be wasted by escaping up the chimney.
In the accompanying Drawings there is illustrated two methods under which this
Invention may be carried into practical operation.
Reference to the Drawings.-
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section, and Figure 2 a transverse section of a system
of furnace and fire bars, according to this Invention. Figures 3 and 4 are details
on a larger scale; Figure 3 being a plan of the fire bars; and Figure 4 a section
at A, A, Figure 3; Figures 5 and 7 are modifications of the passage Q; Figures
6 and 8 represent different modifications of the tubular grate.
Figure 9 is a longitudinal section, and Figure 10 a part end view and part
transverse section of another systein of furnace and fire bars according to this
Invention; Figures 11 and 12 are details on a larger scale, Figure 11 being a plan,
partly in section at B, B, Figure 12, of the grate, and Figure 12 an elevation, partly
a section at C, C, Figure 11; Figure 13 is a longitudinal section, and Figure 14 a
part end view and part cross section of a modification of the firebars; Figures 15,
16, and 17 are details on a larger scale, Figure 15 being a side elevation partly
in section, Figure 16 a plan view partly in section, and Figure 17, a cross section
of a fire bar; Figure 18 is a perspective view of another modification of the fire
bars.
According to one method of carrying this Invention into operation, reference
being had to Figures 1 to 4, the fire grate is composed of a series of deep hollow
fire bars, which may be grouped together as shown at Figures 3 and 4, and may be
parallel or otherwise. The section of the fire bars may be rectangular, as shown at
Figure 4, or of other suitable section. The fire bars a form part of or are attached
to the flanges a¹, having openings corresponding with the passages b, b, of the fire
bars. The fire bars a, a, are interspaced with solid fire bars c, c, the ends of which
fit into and rest in recesses or notches d in the flanges a', a¹. Open spaces are thus

page_text: left, as shown at Figure 4, between the hollow and solid bars to allow air a free
passage to the fuel, or the hollow with the solid bars may be cast in one piece.
The fire grate is composed of a requisite number of the groups of fire bars
hollow and solid, shown at Figures 3 and 4. These groups are supported by the
bearers L, M, N, P, as shown at Figures 1 and 2. The passages b, b, b, of the
hollow fire bars a correspond with each other throughout the groups.
The arrangement and form of the hollow and solid fire bars are capable of various
modifications, as long as the principle which governs this Invention is kept in view.
Instead of the arrangement of bars shown at Figures 1 to 4, the sections of the
passages may be circular, elliptical, or of other suitable form, see Figures 6 and 8. 1
The bars may be placed side by side, or one over the other, and arranged so that
the air for supporting combustion of the fuel enters the furnace partially through
and between the bars and partially through the hollow bars, being led up from
such hollow bars through the box or passage Q, which opens out into the furnace
at a point above the fuel, as shown at Figures 1 and 2. The fuel in the furnace
is borne by the solid bars cand the hollow bars a. The air is heated in passing
through the passages b of the hollow fire bars a, and enters the furnace at the back
thereof, through the box or passage Q (which extends across the back of the
furnace), the air being discharged in a horizontal direction, thus supplying a fresh
quantity of oxygen which meets the flame and unconsumed gases, and effects the 2
combustion of the smoke, gases, and particles of unconsumed coal. By this system
of supplying air to furnaces a perfect combustion takes place, and nearly total
combustion of the smoke is effected, together with great economy in fuel. The
portion of the box or passage Q exposed to the fire is encased in fire brick, or like
heat resisting material, or the box or passage Q may be entirely formed or built of
fire brick as will be understood. The mouth of the passage Q can be contracted so
as to increase or intensify the current of air.
Instead of arranging hollow passages, such as b, throughout the series of bars, the
air which is drawn through the passages b may be drawn through several smaller
passages arranged side by side, or one above the other, of any desired section, so as
to discharge the air into the flame above the surface of the grate. The air may
also be passed through one or more channels in the box or passage Q, see Figures 5
and 7, which channels may be provided with valves or dampers. To regulate the
introduction of cold air into the passage there is provided a door or damper R,
which is controlled by a register T, S. A communication can thus be formed
between the passage Q and ashpit U; G is the uptake through which the products
of combustion are led away; V is the lower portion of the boiler.
This Invention is capable of application to existing furnaces, whether of steam
boilers or other furnaces, and is also capable of being adapted to stoves and firegrates
for domestic and like purposes.
The perfect combustion obtained by the application of this Invention greatly
reduces the escape of waste heat up chimneys, and does away with the emission of
noxious smoke.
According to another method of carrying this Invention into operation, reference
being had to Figures 9, 10, 11, and 12, A is the fire grate, which is composed of 4
two plates g and h, which form a chamber, which is pierced by a series of tapered
tubes e, e, of circular, elliptic, or other section. The tubes enter the furnace at their
apex, their base opening out into the ashpit U. Through these tubes e a portion of
the air required to support combustion in the furnace is supplied, the remainder
of the air being drawn from the front of the ashpit through the tube pierced
chamber, being heated in its passage, and supplied to the furnace through the
uptake box or passage Q, as previously described, the same as the arrangement
shown at Figure 1. In the construction of the tube pierced chamber the tubes
may be cast in one piece with the chamber, or they may be loose and rivetted
thereto in manner similar to ordinary boiler tubes. The tubes must be of size to
prevent tlie fuel falling through to the ashpit, and are pitched as close as as possible,
but so as not to detract from the strength of the furnace grate. In the Drawings

page_text: the chamber or grate is shown carried by three bearers L and P, but this arrange-
ment is capable of various modifications, as will be understood.
The same system of introducing the beated air into the furnace at a point above
the fuel is carried out in this modification as described in reference to Figure 1, the
air being supplied by one or more passages, as will be understood. Instead of
using hollow fire bars of the form shown in Figures 3 and 4, fire bars of the form
shown in Figs. 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 may be employed. In all these
modifications the fire bars are provided with small projections or ribs c, c, on which
the fuel rests, whilst through the interstices formed by these ribs the air passes
from the ashpit into the fuel, whereby the air is finely divided.
The clearing of the passages of a furnace according to this Invention can easily
be effected by a jet of steam from the boiler being driven through the hollow fire
bars and passages.
In the further carrying out of this Invention steam, plain or superheated, may
be passed or forced through the hollow fire bars, or their equivalent, with or
without atmospheric air, and onto the furnace through the uptake box. The
oxygen and other gases thus liberated assist the combustion of the fuel and the
combustion of the smoke.
Having now described this Invention, and shown how the same may be put into
operation, what I claim as the Invention communicated to me by my foreign
correspondent is,——
First. Constructing and arranging furnaces or fire grates of a combination of
hollow fire bars, such as a, with passages, such as b, interspaced with solid fire bars,
such as c, substantially as herein described and shown in Figures 1 to 4 of the
Drawings hereto annexed.
Second. Constructing and arranging furnaces or fire grates of a tube pierced
chamber, such as that contained by the plates and h, substantially as herein
described and shown at Figures 9 to 12 of the Drawings hereto annexed.
Third. A construction of furnace or fire grate in which the air to support
combustion enters the furnace partly through the fire bars forming the grate, and
thereby underneath the fuel, and partly through hollow fire bars and passages in
which the air is heated and then supplied to the furnace at a point above the fuel,
so as to consume the smoke and perfect the combustion of the fuel, substantially as
herein described, and in manner such as shown at Figures 1 to 18 of the Drawings
hereto annexed.
Fourth. A construction of furnace or fire grate in which the air intended to
support combustion, is partly conducted direct to the fuel, and partly conducted
through passages in the fire grate, where it is heated and then supplied to the
furnace at a point above the fuel and flame, so that such flame coming in contact
with fresh oxygen a perfect combustion takes place of the whole of the smoke and
unconsumed coal and gases; substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick John Cheesbrough, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this First day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
Witness,
FREDERICK JOHN CHEESBROUGH. (L.S.)
ERNEST RICHARD ROYSTON,
Of the Office for Patents,
15, Water Street,
Liverpool.