Improvements in Gas or Oil Motor Engines, also applicable to Steam or other Fluid Pressure Engines.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Dec.. 1896
Complete Specification Left, 4th Sept., 1897-Accepted, 14th Dec., 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Gas or Oil Motor Engines, also applicable to
Steam or other Fluid Pressure Engines.
JOHN MACKENZIE of 23 Grange Road Middlesbrough-on-Tees, Engineer and
JAMES CARLING, One Ash Grove-Hill, Middlesbrough-on-Tees. Engineer do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
We employ a motive power derived from oil or gas, the construction being
substantially similar to that which is known as the Otto type, but we arrainge the
driving gear in a new and peculiar manner. We attach the cylinder to a disc which
is free to revolve on a shaft, and adjacent to, and concentric with such disc is placed
a toothed wheel which is fixed on the same shaft. The engine as usual drives a
crank, and this crank is fixed to a pinion which works on a pin fixed to the disé, and
gears with the toothed wheel. It will now be perceived that when the engine is in
motion it does not drive the toothed wheel through the medium of the pinion, but
the pinion revolves round the wheel, and carries the disc along with it. In order to
work the valves which regulate the reciprocating motion of the piston we preferably
inclose the whole of the above described mechanism in a fixed casing, or attach it to
a fixed plate, and on this casing or plate are placed projections, or cambs which
actuate the valves as the disc revolves. The liquid or gaseous source of power may
be introduced through the fixed shaft, which is made hollow for the purpose, and the
ignition may be effected in the usual manner. We may now state that although we
have described the driving mechanism as consisting of one cylinder with one crank
and pinion, we do not confine ourselves to that simple form. On the contrary we
prefer to arrainge several cylinders attached in several different positions on the
revolving disc, and the number which we consider the most advantageous is four,
because such arraingement allows one cylinder to be always in action while the other
three may be missing their strokes, in accordance with the well known cycle of the
Otto engine. Moreover, although we have stated above that the motive power which
is more especially adapted to our purpose is derived from gas or oil, there is no
mechanical difficulty in the application of steam for the same purpose.
D 19th dow of Desambar 1806
:
JOHN MACKENZIE.
JAMES CARLING.
"Improvements in Gas or Oil Motor Engines, also applicable to
Steam or other Fluid Pressure Engines."
We, JOHN MACKENZIE 23, Grange Road and JAMES CARLING, One Ash Grove Hill,
both of Middlesbrough-on-Tees, in the County of York, Engineers, do hereby
leclare the nature of this invention and in- what manner the same is..to be.

page_text: performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
Our invention relates to a motor or engine which although mechanically adapted
to be driven by steam or other fluid pressure is more especially designed to employ a
motive power derived from oil or gas the construction being substantially similar in
principle to that which is known as the "Otto" type, bat we arrange the driving
gear in a new and peculiar manner that is to say that in each cylinder the proper
sequence of charging the cylinder, compressing the charge, firing, and exhausting
takes place during four successive strokes of the piston, but that inasmuch as the
apparatus adinita by its construction say of preferably four cylinders with their
pistons and accessory parts being combined in one motor and ignited in constant and
regular succession the motor is run under a constant and approximately uniform
pressure is distinguished from the intermittent pressure of an "Otto" engine, the
requisite provision being made to convey the exhaust gases away from the cylinders
by different passages to those provided for the admission of the live gases, this being
absolutely essential to the proper working of a gas engine or motor constructed on
the lines which embody our invention. A further advantage derived from the
improvements constituting our invention is that such an engine or motor can be
made reversible.
Our invention consists in the construction, combination and arrangements of
parts substantially as hereinafter specified and illustrated in and by the accompanying
drawings in which similar letters of reference are employed to indicate the like
parts in all the figures.
Fig. 1 represents in front elevation with parts in section a form of gas motor which
conveniently embodies our improvements, corresponding to which Fig. 2 is a
sectional view taken on line x x of Fig 1 and the parts shown in section in Fig. 1
follow the line y y in Fig. 2. Fig. 3 is a front elevation representing the apparatus
furnished with reversing gear the other working parts being entirely omitted, and
Fig. 4 is a corresponding part sectional view following in part the lines in Fig. 3.
In the construction shown we attach each of the four cylinders a to a disc b which
is free to revolve on a shaft c which is also fixed; concentric with such disc is placed
a toothed wheel d which is fixed to the same shaft and conveniently occupies a
hollow chamber provided within the disc for its accommodation and for the pinions e
geared into it, each of which pinions is actuated by the usual crank and piston rod
inotion from the pistons f. This arrangement brings the pinions e into line with
the toothed wheel d and all revolving in one plane with the disc. b, whilst the
cylinders a with their accessories external to the disc. 6 are placed in the case of a
four cylinder arrangement preferably two on one side of the disc, and two on the
other, the moving parts being thus compactly and symmetrically arranged and
evenly balanced. It will now be perceived that when the engine is in motion it does
not drive the toothed wheel d' through the agency of the pinions e but the
pinions e revolve round the wheel d and carry the disc b with them. In order to
work the valves which regulate the reciprocating motion of the pistons we preferably
enclose the whole of the above described mechanism in a fixed casing such as g and
on this casing are placed projections or cambs h h the friction of which is to
actuate the valves 12 in the manner required for the purpose of our invention.
The valves act in conjunction with ports and passages communicating with the
mainshaft c which is made hollow at c¹ and c² for the introduction and discharge
respectively of the live and exhaust gases requiring admission to and expulsion from
the cylinders a.
Referring to Fig. 2 it will be observed that the disc b is made up of two parts
each of which extends in the form of a hollow shaft which serves as a bearing along
the main or fixed shaft c in opposite directions as shown. Between each hollow shaft
,and the main shaft c is provided the annular chambers and communicating by
perforations with the hollow spaces c c in the main shaft and also by the pipes or
passages with the ports of the cylinder a subject to the controlling action of

page_text: the valves. These being the several parts concerned in the propulsion of the
motor they are intended and arranged to operate as follows:-
Taking the position shown in Fig. 1 which is the starting position the tappet of
valve is in contact with the camb h¹ by which it is opened and live gas or explosive
mixture admitted through pipe . This continues until the valve tappet has
passed over the carb & that is for the first quarter of the revolution during which
the piston completes an outward stroke and the cylinder becomes fully charged with
live gas or explosive mixture when the camb h' is passed the valve j closes and the
gas is compressed by the first inward stroke of the piston during the second quarter
of the revolution at the end of which ignition takes place by any suitable means
such as sparking from an electric wire; the piston then makes its second outward
stroke in which the work is done and continues during the third quarter of the
revolution when the exhaust valve 2 encounters the camb h2 and is opened by it the
exhaust gases are then expelled by the second instroke of the piston f during
the Inst quarter of the revolution; the operation is then repeated. This operation of
the motor is all that takes place if the motor is constructed in its simplest form that
is with only one cylinder but as the object in view is to keep the motor under a
constant or continuous pressure we prefer to construct the motor with four cylinders
so that the gas is always doing work in one of the said cylinders at the same time
that it is exhausting, charging and compressing respectively in the other three. As
before mentioned it is essential to the proper working of the motor when an explosive
mixture is used that the waste or burnt gas is not exhausted through the inlet pipe
or passage and it will be observed more especially in Fig. 2 that two pipes 12 are
provided to each cylinder one or other only of which is opened by its respective valve
at the proper time, M is a chain wheel mounted on the hollow shaft extension of the
dise band rotates with it as a means of transmitting the power of the engines to
be utilized. is a bearing which fixes and keeps the hollow shaft c in position.
Reversing gear as shown in Figs. 3 and 4 consists in the employment of duplicate
cabs the positions of which are controlled by, eccentrics worked by crank levers
operating together as one system by means of connecting rods. This is clearly shown in
Fig. 3 in which n¹ n² n' are the connecting rods to the eccentric crank levers o¹ o² 0³ o'
of the double eccentrics pl p² p³ p. When the eccentrics are set in the position
shown the cambs h h are forced up as shown in full lines, being the gas valve
camb and h2 the exhaust valve camb and the engine runs in the direction indicated
by the arrow. By changing the position of the eccentrics the cambs h¹ h2 shown in
full lines in the working position are drawn back, and other cambs shown in
dotted lines are forced out the cambs & occupying the first or right hand quadrant
being the exhaust valve camb, whilst the camb h occupying the fourth or left hand
quadrant becomes the gas valve camb. The engine then runs the opposite direction.
Having thus fully described our said invention and the manner of performing the
same we would observe that while we do not confine ourselves the exact arrangement
of parts shown which may be obviously varied to some extent without departing from
the essential features which constitute the invention.
We are aware that the method or principle of one of more cylinders carried round
on a plate or dise and supplied with steam or other fluid pressure through a main
shaft is known. We therefore make no claim to such method or principle otherwise
than is embodied in and carried into practice by our improvements as above specified.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is:-
1. The arrangement and combination of parts which enables the apparatus to be
used as a gas or oil motor as well as a steam motor and characterized by the use of
separate supply and exhaust pipes or passages from the cylinder ports to their
respective inlet and outlet passages in the main shaft, the said ports being opened
and closed at the proper times by cambs controlling inlet and exhaust valves all

page_text: constructed and operating substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described
with reference to the accompanying drawings.
2. The general combination of parts constituting the apparatus as a whole
arranged constructed and effecting its purpose substantially in the manner
herein before described.
Dated this 13th Dare of Sontember 1897