IMPROVEMENTS IN SAWING OR CUTTING WOOD AND METALS
Year: 1849

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
MATTHEW BARKER, of Lower Kennington Lane, in the County. of Surrey,
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Tenth day of November,
One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine, in the thirteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Charles Matthew Barker, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial
licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that. I, the said Charles
Matthew Barker, my exors, adiñiors, and assigns, and such others as I, 'the
said Charles Matthew Barker, my exors, adiiors, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the
term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,
my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SAWING OR CUTTING WOOD AND METALS;":
in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said Charles
Matthew Barker, should'cause a particular description of the nature of my
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her said
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and
by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
annear

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Charles Matthew Barker, do hereby declare that the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, are fully
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference
oeing had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters
marked thereon, that is to say:
My improved method of producing curvilinear or compass sawing is by the
following mechanical combination, consisting of a vertical saw frame, in
which the saws are fixed, and the frame, with the saws, work upon guide rods
as in ordinary sawing frames, and a parallel horizontal guide bed, upon which
a transom slide with a holding dog moves towards the saws (by means of two
racks and pinions worked by an eccentric from off the drawing shaft, and
a motion being given to the transom slide which carries the holding dog,
the dog having one end of the wood firmly fixed in its jaws, the other end
not being secured, so that the curvature is effected by causing the wood to
whip or pass round the saws in a curving direction.
"
*
The beviling is effected by canting or tilting the rollers upon and under
which the wood passes whilst being cut, and the tapering, is effected by
making the saws approximate or recede from each other, upon the cross heads
of the saw gate, and the scarfing is obtained by altering the position of one
of the saws to a right angle to its general position, and a lateral motion being
communicated to that saw a cross cut for the scarf is produced, while the
direct cut is obtained after the cross cut is made by the other saw retaining its
original position; and a number of cuts is made by adding a fresh number of
saws to those already buckled upon the saw gate for straight or curvilinear
sawing.
I will now proceed to describe my sawing frame, and at the same time
describe its operations with the aid of the accompanying Drawings.
Plate 1, Figure No. 1, elevation, part in section.. A, the wood to! be
sawed, upon the surface of, which the curve or curves and bevel or bevels are
marked; the wood is taken hold of from off the truck by B, the holding dog;
upon C, the transom slide commences its operation by taking hold of, one end
of the wood to be sawed, and thereby acts as a crane to draw the wood into
a proper position to be sawed; and the transom slide C has to pass to either
side of the horizontal bed k, to obtain a curve, and this is effected by giving
a motion to D, a lever wheel, and worm shaft D', working in a worm wheel
R (see Figure 5), upon a slotted longitudinal shaft a, stayed and supported by
plummer blocks upon a; E.is a pinion wheel, in, which a feather is placed,
and which pinion wheel and feather will slide freely from end to end of the

page_text: slotted shaft a; and by giving motion to D, the lever wheel will cause, R.,.a
worm wheel; to revolve fixed upon (a, the longitudinal slotted shaft, and
thereby gives motion to E, the pinion wheel, i at whatever position the) wheel
E and transverse slide may be upon the shaft a; and as E works in a rack F,
it causes the transom double slide to move to either side of other horizontal
bed k with the holding dog B, which causes the end of the wood to go over
with it, to, either side of the horizontal bed, as may be required. (see position
of wood in Figure 2). The result of; this operation will be that when the
wood is fed into the vertical; saws; between press rollers G, when the saws are
in motion a, curve or a number of curves will be obtained, and it must
therefore be obvious that, as the saws, are stationary in the saw gate; and the
wood: being marked for, the curve required to, ber.cut, it :(the wood) is then
made to pass or. whip round the saws, according to; the mark upon the wood,
so as to produce a curve or curves required (see position of wood in Figure 2).
The holding dog, has hold of. one end of the wood.to. effect: such curve as is
there shewn, and must come over to the opposite side of the parallel: bori-
zontal bed; and the other end of the wood, upona.supporting roller, will take
a reverse direction, and consequently a curve (or curves is made by altering
the direction of the ends of the wood. G, the press rollers; upon and under
which the wood passes: whilst. being sawn; the top rollers keep the; wood
firmly in its position by the. spiral springs (d), ;round, the supports of the rollers
and adjusting nuts (e) (see Figure 3); and these rollers and their framing. (f)
have their support upon 'H, plummer block bearings, of: the framing and
standards to rollers,. and also of.. the longitudinal slotted shaft. I.. Upon the
front.centre (L, Fig. 3) of the framing, having its bearings in the ,plummer
block H, is firmly fixed the slotted lever arm.K; to which, centre the lever
arm is firmly, fixed (see Figure 3, 'and description thereof), which is' made-to
radiate by giving a motion; and upon giving motion to 'Z, it will cause, as
hereafter shewn; (see Figure 3), the framing, F, and rollers G, and C,. the
supporting: roller, which always have tlie same tilt or cant given by the means
described to tilt.or cant, between which the wood is held; and thereby tilted:or
canted with them for the purposé of bevel sawing, and so the; swords cut the.
wood at the angle so obtained (see Figure 5); Now that the two operations
of sawing curves and bevels have been described, which may be performed
either together 'or separately, as may be required; but at present this descrip÷
tion alludes to parallel sawing with curves and cants or bevels, and the
necessary taper sawing for ship timber is effected by the following means:
L'is a vertical slotted shaft, having at each end pinion wheels M, which work
in racks N, and which are fixed upon the saw buckles O, with tightening gibs

page_text: and cutters O', that hold the saws upon the cross head of the saw gate I, and
the edges of the saw gate are veed, upon which the buckles of the saws shall
freely, slide; and upon
a motion being communicated to the handle of a screw.
shaft Q, it causes a worm wheel R, with a feather (seen in Figure 5), to
revolve; and the feather. gives motion to the vertical slotted shaft L, and the
pinions M thereon; and as the pinions revolve they cause both the racks N to
work, and the buckles O, bearing the saws, to recede or approximate (see the
two racks N in Figure 2); and as the feed brings in the wood to the saws whilst
the curve or cant (or bevel) is being effected by the means before described,
the working nearer or extending the distance of the saws from each other is
likewise in operation, and thus produces taper sawing, and by their conjoint
actions a taper curving and cant sawing is effected, and each of these opera-
tions are independent of each other, and may be performed separately, or.in
conjunction with either one or altogether, as may be required. S, the connect-
ing. rods as in ordinary sawing frames, worked from the driving shaft T, upon
which an excentric U and band is fixed. Upon the revolving of the shaft T,
it gives motion to V, the excentric rod and lever, and thereby causes W, the
ratchet pall, to work in the ratchet wheel W', and thereby causes it to revolve.
A pinion wheel is upon the ratchet shaft W, and communicates motion to the
slow-motion gear wheels y, and pinion Y also, and thence to the two racks
Y', on either side of the. frame; and the racks being fixed into the transom
slide C, which is brought towards the saw gate when the sawing frame is in
motion, and with it carries the wood in the jaws of the holding dog, which is
thereby fed towards the saw gate, the wood passing between the frictional
rollers G. X, a foot lever to the ratchet pall, for throwing the ratchet pall out
of gear,
which reaches to the foot of the workman superintending the curving
and canting operations; for in sawing by this method it requires that the feed
should be regulated in cutting quick curves (9).. The side frames or standards
of the sawing frame (h), the guide rods to the saw gate (i), the frame and
standards to the supporting roller C¹ of the wood, upon which, when necessary,
a top roller. may be placed, moving along, a tramroad (¹), at the bottom of
the saw pit (); (k), the horizontal parallel bed; (7), the back motion gear;
(m), the back of the saws, partly seen, the teeth dotted in; (), the knuckle
joint of the holding dog, which allows it to radiate, as shewn by the dotted
lines; (n), the lever arm of holding dog, to allow the end of the wood to rise
or fall with a lock bolt (n¹); (0), the shaft of the lever arm; it has upon it a
pinion wheel (p), which works in the top rack by giving motion to (p¹), the
lever wheel, (as seen in the plan, Figure 2,) which causes the bed plate, with
holding dog thereupon, to pass out farther than could be obtained by the, rack

page_text: F on the bottom of the transverse slide, worked by pinion wheel E, upon the
longitudinal slotted shaft (a); (g), two revolving surface toothed holding plates
on the jaws of the holding dog B; (r), the top moveable jaw of the holding dog,
with fixed nuts (); (s), a lever rack clutch, to hold in the rack and to move
away in the direction that the longitudinal racks fixed upon the supporting
roller are proceeding from the saw frame whilst bearing the wood; (t), the
bolts for adjusting the brasses to work upon the guide rods held in the saw
frame; R', counterbalance wheels.
Having thus described this Figure 1 of elevation, part in section, of the
machine, it will be apparent that the wood is made to curve round the saws
for the cut by the transom slide, and the wood canted or tilted to obtain an
angular cut or bevel by the press rollers, and the taper sawing by the approxi-
mation or the extension of the distance between the saws.
I will now describe the plan of the above (elevation) upon reference to
Figure 2.
Figure No. 2, horizontal view or plan A. The wood having being sawn
upon which the bevels and curves have been marked, is held by one end in
jaws of B, the holding dog, between (g), moveable toothed plates, being part of
the holding dog B, which is carried on C, the transom slide; and D is the
lever wheel and worm shaft D₁ dotted, in which works in a worm wheel R
(see Figure 5 and 1 for the worm wheel R), that gives motion to the longi-
tudinal slotted shaft (a), which revolves in plummer blocks; (b) and. (6¹) are
plummer blocks, and also stays for E, as may be seen in Figure 1, being
beneath the transverse slide C, and the shaft (a) communicates motion to E, the
pinion wheel with a feather, and it, E, the pinion wheel, works the rack F (seen
in Figure 4), and by the motion given causes the slide C to pass transversely
to the horizontal bed; and the manner in which the curve is effected will be
understood if the end of the wood in B, the holding dog, were brought down,
as indicated by the arrows, to the reverse side of the horizontal bed, for which
purpose motion must be communicated to E, the pinion wheel, which will
work the rack and transverse slide in that direction, whilst the feed is in
operation to carry the wood to be sawn under G, the top rollers H, the
plummer block bearings (dotted in) of the framing (f), and press rollers G; I,
the longitudinal slotted shaft, which gives motion to C¹, the supporting roller,
with a feather in its centre bearing, which is canted by the motion of I, the
longitudinal slotted shaft, and the wood supported thereon, at whatever distance
or angle it may be from or to the saw frame by K, the lever arm, scen in
Figure 3, having motion from Z, the lever wheel, the framing of the rollers
communicating a similar tilting angle to I, the longitudinal shaft, and it to C',

page_text: the supporting roller..The framing (f) of the rollers have their connection as
shewn by the dotted lines across (g¹), the cross head; to the' side framing (9);
N, the horizontal racks, which work in the pinions upon the slotted vertical
shaft (see L, Figures 1 and 5). The dotted lines in Figure 2 indicate the
position of the pinions M, in which both racks N work, there being two racks
at the top and two at the bottom of the cross heads of the saw gate, one rack
being on either side of 'each pinion; and upon a' motion being given to the
shaft L and pinions M, the racks will work in different directions, the one
outwards and the other inwards, and as the racks are secured upon the saw
buckles (0) and as they, the buckles, slide upon the veed edge of the saw
gate.whilst holding the saws, they; the racks N, cause the saws to extend or
contract their distance from each other, and by this means effect taper sawing,
as A, the wood, indicates in this plan (Figure 2)... 'Q, the handle to the worm
shaft; to give motion to the' vertical slotted shaft, and racks; T, 'the driving
shaft from the prime moving power; W, the ratchet pall and wheel for
working the feed of the wood to the saws; X, the foot lever to throw the
feed, out of gear when required; Y, the guide case and bearing for longi-
tudinal feeding racks; Z, the lever shaft and wheel, by which the tilt or cant
is obtained, as shewn in description of Figures 1 'and 3; S,, an indicating
semicircle, to determine the bevels as the sawing process for bevels or cants is
proceeding (see Figures 3 and 5, with its description; C, the supporting
roller; which will travel bearing the weight of one end of the wood in its
progress, when it is passed through the "saws, if required, or may be removed
at any distance that may be found necessary to place it for supporting the
sawn portion of the wood. When necessary a top press roller may be put to
prevent the weight of the wood from casting or getting from its required
position: R' indicates the position where the roller is to be placed; (i); the
frame; and standards, with pluminer block bearings (b), and feather centré
bearing to tilt the supporting roller; (¹), the tramroad for guiding the
supporting roller frame, fixed 'to which' is (s), a transverse shaft, at the ends of
which are rack clutches (s), shewn in Figure 1, to hold in the rack in its
passage, and causes the supporting roller to travel in the same 'direction as the
racks are going; (g), the side frame, and (g) the cross head to side frames or
standards; (t), the bolts to regulate the brasses to work upon the guide rods
(a dotted square upon 'g', the cross head to side frame); (k), the horizontal
bed, upon which the transversé slide moves; (l), a knuckle joint of the holding
dog,, which allows it to 'radiate to or from the transverse slide, and is necessary
when the canting of timber is required, as also is (m), a plummer block
bearing, in which the axis of the knuckle joint may revolve. The dotted lines

page_text: of the holding dog (in Figure 4) will exemplify its position at different times.
(m), a lever arm, with a locking bolt (n¹), likewise necessary in cutting cants
or bevels (see also dotted position in Figure 4). On the shaft or axis O of
the lever arm and locking bolt O', is a pinion wheel p and lever wheel p¹; also
upon giving motion to the lever wheel, it works the pinion wheel (p), which
works in the top rack (p¹), and therewith the moveable bed plate M, with
holding dog attached' thereto, up or down the rack (p), so that the distance
upon the transverse slide in its passage with the holding dog may be extended
to the utmost limit of the transverse slide 'C, which could not otherwise be
obtained, for E, the pinion wheel, being in the centre of the transverse slide, it
works out the half distance only of the rack F upon the transom slide,
therefore this plan shews how the wood is whipt round the saws to produce a
taper curving cut, and with a bevel or cant if required, while S, the indicator,
shews to what extent the cant is made. A, a stay dog on B, the holding dog,
as described in Figure 6.
Figure 3, a front elevation of framing and rollers. A, the wood between
G, the rollers. The top rollers keep the wood 'firmly in its place by the
pressure of the two spiral springs d, with 'adjusting nuts e. The 'bearings of
the'
top róller slides freely up and down the standards of the framing f, and
f¹ is where the back' roller framings joins 'the front one. H, the plummer
block and transverse supporting beam to the centre or axis L of the tilting or
canting rollers; and K, the slotted lever arm, in the slot is I, a stationary pin,
the head of which is larger than the slot. The pin I is fixed in a moveable
female thread boss" R, through which a worm shaft Z works, and upon giving
motion to Z, the lever wheel' and shaft, it causes the female thread boss Rito
travel along the thread shaft Z in the direction according to the motion given,
and in its progress the 'stationary pin in 'the boss draws the lever arm K with
it, and causes it to deviate from the perpendicular; and the lever arm K. being
fixed to the centre or axis L, one end of which is fixed into the framing, and
upon motion being given to Z, to screw I, the bolt, into the position as
indicated by the dotted circle, it will raise the lever K, and tilt f, the framing
rollers and wood into the position as indicated by the dotted lines of rollers,
wood; &c. And upon' the end of the slotted lever arm K is a double knuckle
joint-T; with a connecting rod T, giving motion to a bell crank and a vertical
shaft, upon one end of which is the bevel or cant indicating board S,
horizontally placed, with a hand or pointer, and therefore upon motion being
given unto the rollers 'carrying the wood; the indicator will shew at what angle
or bevel it may be lying for the vertical saws to cut the wood; by this
description the means of tilting the wood must be obvious. m are a number

page_text: of saw blades for sawing the wood; A, answering the purpose of a timber
frame, as will be described in Figure 5.
Figure 4, a, front elevation of the transverse slide and racks and holding
dog.. B, the holding dog, and the dotted lines shew into what positions it is
capable of being moved, and how n, the lever arm, is capable of raising or
lowering the holding dog B. At the extremity of the lever arm is m, the
plummer block, in which the axis of the knuckle joint 7 of the holding dog
will revolve, as seen in Figure 2. F, the lower rack, which works in gear
with E, the pinion wheel, upon the longitudinal slotted shaft a. p¹, the top
rack in dotted lines, which is in gear with the pinion wheel upon the shaft O
of lever arm, which has a lock bolt S at the top; p' is the lever wheel, to
give motion to pinion wheel, dotted in (see Figures 1 and 2), and works
the bed plate M of the holding dog B upon the top slide of C, transom slide.
Now the use of this top rack, pinion, and slide is that the central pinion
wheel E, upon the longitudinal slotted shaft a, would only work the holding
dog when put central upon the top slide of C to the edge of the horizontal
bed, that would be half the length of the transverse slide C; whilst by this
adaptation the holding dog B and bed plate M can be further worked
out into the extremity of the top slide, overreaching the horizontal bed,
as seen in Figure 2), thus enabling the slide to give a larger radius from the
saws for the wood to be cut than could otherwise be obtained if these mecha-
nical arrangements were not there. 61 is the plummer block bearing and stay
to the pinion wheel E on the longitudinal slotted shaft a, and r, the tightening
nut upon a moveable jaw of the holding dog; q, the revolving toothed plates;
R is the guide for the longitudinal rack, and also the veed edge of the parallel
horizontal bed. The motion of the transverse slide is therefore shewn, and its
purpose has already been described to effect the curvature sawing, by making
the wood to whip round the saws.
Plate 3, description of Figure 5 belong to Plate No. 1, front elevation. A,
the wood being sawn whilst in its tilted or canted position between G, the
press rollers, that have their support on f, the framing which is joined to the
back framing support of rollers at T. The moveable centre of the framing is
I, and carries the lever arm K, which obtains its tilting motion as described
in Figure 3. L, the vertical slotted shaft, which has motion in conjunction
with the sawing frame, being fixed to the top and bottom cross heads by the
plummer blocks and the slotted shaft L, and works through a worm wheel R,
which has a feather in it fitting the slot of the shaft L, and by giving motion
to Q, the handle of the worm shaft (see Figure 1), it causes R, the worm
wheel, to revolve, and thereby gives motion to the shaft L, upon each end of

page_text: which is a pinion wheel M, which also revolves and gives motion to racks N
on either side the cross heads P of the saw gate; the ends of the racks N are
fixed upon the saw buckles O, and when the racks are in motion from the
means described, they either draw both saw buckles nearer together or extend
their distance from each other, according to the motion given, and by this pro-
ceeding taper and curving sawing is effected, for I do not restrict myself to
have only one vertical slotted shaft and pinions, and the means of giving
motion thereto, as shewn in Figure 5, but may have one of such mechanical
arrangements fixed upon each side of the saw gates, and act independant of
each other upon the racks fixed to each saw buckle holding the saws upon the
saw gate, so that these two saws or either may be made to cut a curve by
making them travel transversely across the cross heads of the saw gate, and in-
dependant of the double transverse slide C, when it is not a very quick curve or
combination of quick curves. Fare guides to the racks N; O¹ are the tight-
ening gibs and cutters to the saw buckles; S are the connecting rods, giving
motion from the driving shaft to the saw gate P, which works upon guide
rods h, with brasses in P; D, the lever wheel, upon a worm shaft D¹, to give
motion to that part of the machine, namely, the transverse slide, for the pur-
pose of making the wood to whip or pass round the saws, that the result may
be a curviving cut whilst the saws are at work, and thereby to give motion to
R, a worm wheel upon the longitudinal shaft a, to work the transverse rack
upon the slide C (see plan, Figure 2). are locking bolts in the saw buckles
O; each buckle has a moveable stud fitting in it, to which the saws m are
fastened, and they, together with the stud, will turn round when the bolt is
loosened, and may be fixed in any desired position. Now, one of the saws here
shown is turned at right angles to its usual position, for the purpose of
making a cross cut in A, the wood, for a scarf; and if the rack of the other
saw is thrown out of gear, and a motion communicated (as before stated) to
the racks belonging to the scarifying saw, it will proceed in a transverse
direction, which also having its vertical alternating motion from the saw gate,
will thereby make a cross cut for a scarf, or any other description of cross cut
that may be required, either saw being capable of performing this cross cut.
The ends of the vertical slotted shaft for giving motion to the rack N and
buckle O are kept in their place by plummer blocks upon the cross heads of the
saw gate P, which cross heads are veed to allow the buckles to slide freely):
At one end of the slotted lever K is a knuckle joint T fixed, and connecting
rods T', which give motion to a bevil indicator S', on the indicating board of
the angles at which the wood is tilted. Now, the method in using this instru-
ment is first to take off the bevels from the wood to be sawed, and chalk their

page_text: .
lines of deviation from the, perpendicular, upon the indicating board S¹, and
then to work the lever wheel Z, which gives motion to the tilting rollers, until
the indicating hand or, pointer makes the positions of the angles, bevels, or
cants that have been marked upon the indicating board S', or by the attendant
knowing the degrees, of the bevels, upon, the wood to be sawed, he will work
the lever until the pointer' arrives at the degrees or minutes so marked upon
the board S. (g), the side framing or standards of the sawing frame, and g
the cross head thereto;, k, the longitudinal racks and bearings; V; the eccen-
tric rod; and W, the ratchet wheel worked; thereby; X, the foot lever, for
throwing the pall out of gear, which prevents the feed of the racks, &c. with the
wood to the saws; Z, the lever wheel. There being a number of saw blades
shown in the Figure 3, to'saw a number of parallel cuts in the wood between
the rollers, which saws may be fixed, upon the saw gate in the ordinary method
of buckling and spacing them: to do such work, and when the two saws that
are used for curvature sawing (see Figure 5) are worked to. one side of the
saw frame as close together as may be required, a number of fresh sâws may
then be buckled on the clear space. upon the saw gate's cross heads, and the
purposes of a vertical saw-cutting: timber frame will be 'accomplished, for the
racks for altering the position of the saws can be worked until one works
itself out of gear, and the other is then made to approach the first-mentioned
saw to its required distance. This description will be best understood upon
reference to Figure 5, and then supposing the number of saws therein shown
(in Figure 8) to be fixed on the, saw gate shewn in Figure 5.
..
Description of Figure .6, which shows. a small stay dog, necessary in
making, quick curves; for when the feed is bringing in the wood held at the
end by the holding dog, the wood when it is at an angle almost transversely to
the saw frame, the transverse slide and dog would not force. the wood through
the rollers, and to the cutting of the saws, but would cause the end of the
wood in the dog. to be forced into a diagonal position without forcing it forward
to the saws; but the stay dog will prevent it from! doing so if driven into the
side or upon the top of the wood to be sawn, as the toothed lever B will hold
in a tooth of the dog, and prevent it proceeding. in such a direction... It is,
however, seldom required, but is still necessary in sawing difficult curving,
canting, and taper timbers..
Figure 7, a holding dog, to be fixed upon the standard of the supporting.
roller frame when the roller C¹ is taken away. In Figure 2, the dotted square
on C', the roller, shews when it is to be fixed. Now; the use of this dog,
and fixing it as shewn, is to slab uneven, timbers and crooked timbers by the
saw frame, for which -purpose the pressa rollers: Gaand supporting roller C

page_text: must be removed; but I do not restrict-myself to their removal, 'for these press!
rollers may be lowered by screws and worm wheels fixed into the cross.sup-
porting pieces or stricks upon which the plummer blocks are fixed, and.
thereby lowered to prevent the vibration whilst cutting for slubbing purposes,
and the dog B locked in a favorable position; folding one end of the wood,
whilst Figure 7, upon the moveable supporting frame (i), holds the other end,
and it is then worked into the saws, and its two uneven sides are sawn parallel,>>
however crooked the piece may be, and therefore slabbed for curvilinear
sawing.
"
I. claim the following "mechanical combinations for the purpose of obtaining
curvilinear and straight sawing:-
Firstly, I claim a double transverse slide; and the manner in which
motion is given thereto with the moveable holding dog, to enable a curve or
curves to be obtained in the wood to be sawn.
r..
'
Secondly, I claim the holding dog, herein described; and the purpose of
making it act as a crane to draw the wood in a position to be 'sawed, and
which is capable of the several motions herein described, namely, capable of
being laid at any angle, either transversely or longitudinally, upon the. lever
arm and the arm also rises and falls in conjunction therewith, and thereby
carries the wood held in its jaws at any angle. And further, I claim the
revolving circular toothed plates, to allow the wood partially to revolve in a
horizontál position. the jaws of the dog.
1
Thirdly, I'claim the tilting or canting of the wood by means of rollers G, G.
Falso claim the supporting roller C, and the press top roller. to it, when
required, as mentioned, and the method. of giving the tilting' motion to C
and G; G.
12
: it.
Fourthly, I claim the 'means of indicating or ascertaining at what angle the
wood may be tilted:****
ix
Fifthly, I claim the method of working the saws to recede' or approximate
to each other for taper and curving sawing, by means of the parts as herein
described.
17.
Circular Sawing. This relates to a description of a mechanical com-
bination for sawing with circular saws, which improvement consists in the
manner of putting a number of circular saws upon one shaft, so that a'number:
of cuts can be made in one piece of wood at the same time, and these saws I
prefer to be put in segment blades, which when united form a circle; and I
do'n not confine myself to the number of segments, or to putting segments at
all for such work. And the improvement further consists in the manner of
fixing the saws upon ring surface plates, on which the segments of the saws

page_text: are fixed, and being enabled to regulate the distance of the saws from each
other, as may be required, without taking the saws off the shaft, and this is
effected by having three or more set screw shafts parallel to the axis fixed into
the surface plate held upon the axis or shaft of the circular saws, and these
set screw shafts carry the ring surface plates upon which the segment saws
are placed, and screw nuts, with locking bolts, to regulate the distance from
each other of the plates and saws, and also to get the saws into a perpendicular
position for clean cutting,
With these introductory remarks, I will proceed to describe, by aid of the
accompanying Drawings, the several purposes to which these saws are appli-
cable, and the method of proceeding to effect such purpose.
:
Elevation of circular saw bench (Figure 1).-A, the wood to be sawn;
B, the circular saws in segment blades; C, the plummer block bearings,
for the carrying shaft D, fixed upon which is E, a circular plate, through
which are four set screws G, and these set screws pass through clearing
holes in the ring surface plates F (see Figure 4), and upon the surface
plates the segment blades of the saws are firmly fixed by screws H; I is the
saw bench frame; K is the supporting guide bridge fence over the aperture
in the saw bench; L, a weighted lever, with M, a frictional roller, to press
the wood against the fence, to keep it in a proper position to be sawn;
N, the suspended weight to influence the lever L; O, the surface frictional
rollers on the saw bench to assist the wood in its passage to the saws;
P, driving riggers, for working the feed into the saws, and for throwing it out
of gear; R, the plummer block bearing, supporting the driving riggers and
shaft W, which winds up the drawing rope or chain that brings the wood to
the saws for cutting; S, the feeding rope, chain, or band, for working in the
wood; T, a hook dog, to grip the wood for the purpose mentioned; U, a
lever handle to connecting rods U¹, working a bell-crank shaft V, which is
connected to a striking lever or clutch fork W, which carries the band P on
to the loose and driving riggers, for throwing in or out of feeding and back
gear. It will be observed that A, the wood, has a number of parallel lines
drawn upon its surface, which are intended to represent cuts that have already
been made by passing the wood through a like number of saws to what there
are cuts in the wood; or it may be done by two operations, (which may again
be repeated,) having half the number of saws upon the shaft, and by altering
the position of the wood, to bring the second cut in between the cut that has
already been made, so that twice the number of cuts are made in the wood to
the number of saws upon the spindle or shaft, and at half the distance of the
space; but it is necessary when making a second cut in the same wood to

page_text: place upon the end of the wood last to pass between the saws a binding
screw, to keep the cut wood firmly in its proper position (with the assistance
of the lever, roller, and fence) to be sawn.
Now, these observations as to the sawing operations refer mostly to
ordinary deal sawing, but more distinctly to lath sawing, and the difference.
between the sawing for each purpose will be better understood by referring to
Figure 6, and description thereof of lath sawing, and it will be there observed,
that two of the teeth, one on each side of the blade of the saw, are put out of
its proper set or clearing to a greater distance than the other teeth upon the
transverse section of segment of the saw (see Figure 6); and the use of such
teeth, is for the following purpose:-In the manufacture of plaster rended
laths their inequalities of surface is a necessary portion of their manufacture,
for by their inequalities the plaster holds through the uneveness of their
surfaces and interstices between the laths. It will now be obvious that I set
these teeth at such an angle from the surface of the blade of the saw as to
enable me to saw them with that requisite property, namely, to make the sides
of the lath with an uneven, angular, and jagged surface, as the circular saw
gives it (as shewn in Figure 7), of a curved holding surface, which obtains a
large portion of the surface of the wood so, sawn. This description at present
only alludes to the cuts made vertical to the plain surface of the wood,
namely, being the breadth of the lath, and the further operation of sawing its
thickness will be understood by referring again to Figure 1. The wood A
shews a portion of it sawn with these jagged cuts. For making this descrip-
tion of lath the remaining portion of the wood A shews that the cuts have
been made through it with circular saws whose teeth have all been set at the
ordinary angle, the upper portion of the wood having been cut with two teeth
(as shewn in Figure 6), being at an extraordinary angle. Where the thin or.
right angle cut or depth of the lath is about to be made, as A the wood
appears, which is performed by one of the saws that has already made one of
the cuts, or two, if a second cut has been made, and when the wood has been
cut through by the one saw, as in ordinary veneer sawing, it is returned for a
second cut of a like thickness, and in like manner follow other cuts until the
wood is completely cut into laths, which may be for other purposes than plaster
laths of even surfaces, all of which laths may be of any length. Two separate,
pieces of wood may be put in to be cut by two separate saws in manner last
mentioned. Figure 6, a transverse section of the saw; B, the saw blade, with
B', two of the teeth set out to a great angle to make the jagged cut; F, the
ring surface plates; G, the regulating screw shafts, and D, the driving shaft.
Figure 7, a longitudinal section of the wood for laths, shewing the curved cut

page_text: for holding the plaster, as, made by the circular saw'; A, the wood, and, B, the
curved cut:
I have therefore shewn how laths may be cut with rapidity, and have now
to state that deal sawing is in-like manner, performed without the transverse
cut being made in the wood, as before described in lath. making with similar
saws without the jagging or angular cutting, teeth.
:
Horizontal, view or plan of elevation, Figure 2.-B, the saw, blades;. C, the
plummer, block bearings; D, the driving saw shaft; E, the circular surface
plates fixed on D, the shaft; F, the ring surface plates (see Figure 4); G, the
transverse set screws, with T, regulating screw nuts, as herein-after described,
which regulate the distance of the same from each other, and are also the
means, of setting, the saw into its perpendicular, for performing clean and
rapid sawing...I, the circular, saw, bench; K, the supporting guide bridge
fence: over the aperture in the saw bench for the saws; L, the lever
to frictional roller. M, weighted by N (see Figure 1), to press 'the wood
against U, the.: frictional roller fence: (the wood, not shewn) whilst the
sawing is proceeding.; O, are frictional rollers to support the weight of
the wood; and prevent the friction of the wood upon the surface, of the
saw bench,IP, the driving. belt:, and riggers to work the feeding rope or
chain out of or in. gear; R, the plummer, blocks, the bearing for the winding
up of the feeding rope or chain S, upon the; rigger: shaft W, dotted; in; the
feeding rope or chain having two dog, hooks Tat each end of the rope or
chain; which wind and unwind themselves upon the shaft W, dotted in to feed
the wood into the saws; U, the frictional roller fence; to keep the wood in a
perpendicular position, whilst being sawn. by the pressure of the frictional
roller. I do not restrict myself to the, use of the frictional, roller fence, but
may use the parallel. fence in: common use if necessary, but' I prefer: the
before-mentioned roller fence. beforé described. W₁ are space pieces to
prevent the wood from binding in the cutting of wet or damp wood; ✗.are
locking bolts to the fence bridge; .(a), the driving band on rigger...
Transverse section of the saw bench (Figure 3).-B, the segment saw
bladés; C, the plummer blocks bearings to the saw driving shaft D; E, the
surface plate, fixed upon the driving, saw shaft; F are the ring. plates, upon
which the saws are fixed;. G are the set screws, with regulating nuts. upon
them; as before described, and shewn in Figure 4; I, the framing of saw
bench; (a), the driving band to rigger..
Elevation of segment blades: (Figure 4).-B.are. segment blades fixed upon
the ring surface plate. F by screws H, which are: square headed (not taper);
Gare the set screws (see Figure 5); and I are the champhered locking bolts to

page_text: keep the regulating screw champered nuts T in their proper position.; these
nuts are notched upon their edges to assist in turning and tightening them;
D, the driving shaft..", 7.
Enlarged scale of a portion of the ring surface plate; &c.-(Figure 5) is an
enlarged scale to shew 'the regulating nuts and locking bolts. F is the ring
surface plate, upon which the segment, saw blades are fixed; G are set screws,
upon which the regulating champhered: female screw nut (notched upon its
edges) T-moves upon G,' the, set screw to its required position;. I, the locking
champhered bolt; and by the champer upon T, the regulating.screw nut, it
will be understood (upon referring to the Figure 5).how the champher upon I
locks upon the champher of the regulating nut T, and locks it to prevent its
shifting; and as I, the locking champher: bolt, is screwed into. F, the.ring
surface plate, upon which the saws are fixed; it, also prevents the plate. from
moving from the position that has been given to it by the. regulating screw nut
T, which nut and bolt together, occupy the thickness in space of one, so that
by this combination, the, saws are kept firmly in their position to perform the
work herein described, namely,. for: sawing: a .number of cuts in deals, &c., for
ordinary purposes,, and also for making: laths with unevén and even surfaces';
and the object is, to obtain by circular saws a number of cuts at one time
through wood to be sawn. The advantages arising from their use will be
understood thus, that as the saws are thinner than in ordinary circular. saws,
they consequently displace less wood,. and therefore require less power to drive
than the thicker saws, and also because the ring surface plate gives the blades
a firmer holding upon the shaft than could be obtained by the ordinary method
of having one whole blade upon the shaft, being kept to the perpendicular, by
the small collar or: boss and stay pin; and in case of accidents only a portion
of these descriptions of saws: would be damaged, and the prime cost of such
saws are much less than the whole circular saws.::... * 1
I claim the means, herein described, of combining the mechanical apparatus
for working with circular saws; and I claim the 'use of the ring surface plates,
and the notched edged champher nuts, and champhered locking screw bolts for
regulating the distance and holding the saws in their proper positions for
sawing; I also claim the mode of setting saws for cutting wood into laths with
roughed or: notched surfaces. ...
Circular sawing.(Plate 3, Figure 1) is part of a side elevation of a rack
bench for cutting uneven and crooked timbers into planks or slabbing timbers
by the same description. of' saws as. before described in Plate 2, namely, a
number of segment circular saws on one shaft; regulated on set screws by female
screw nuts and locking bolts, as before described;"and the means to work the

page_text: wood up through the saws for cutting will be seen by referring to Figure 3 of
a rack bench, or by the other method shewn in the Drawing, Plate 4, Figure 1.
A, the wood as being sawn; B, the segment saw; C, the rack bench; and D,
the supporting rollers; E, the vertical frame for supporting F, a holding dog,
upon a transverse shaft G, which slides freely up and down the guide bars of
.the frame E; H, are vertical screw shafts, by which the transverse, shaft G
and holding dog thereon, having the end of the wood in its jaws, which may be
elevated or depressed, as may be required; I, the handle to the transverse
worm shaft (as seen in Figure 2), which works in gear with worm wheels K,
fixed upon the lower end of the vertical worm shafts H; and as these worm
shafts work in female threads upon the transverse shaft G, it will be apparent
that, upon giving motion to the transverse shaft I, which communicates motion
to H, which will thereby either lower or raise the shaft G, and with it the dog
and end of the wood held by the dog F. L are the horizontal slides to
the frame E, which regulates it to its proper transverse position upon the rack
bench for the wood to be sawed, with locking bolts M upon the rack bench;
N is a holding dog to stay the canting or casting of the wood from its proper
vertical position, and it slides longitudinally upon the rack bench plate C.
This dog will be sufficient for light work, but when heavy timber work is
required a second vertical frame, similar to E, already described, will be found
necessary to answer the purpose of N.
A back transverse elevation of the wood and frame (Figure 2), which shews
the slabbing saw operation upon a crooked timber. A, the wood being sawn;
B, the saws, partly seen in the wood; E, the vertical frame; F, the holding
dog, having one end of the wood in its jaws; G, the transverse shaft, upon
which the holding dog has its bearing at O, and it radiates from the centre O;
Hare vertical worm shafts working in the female threads in the transverse
shaft G; and at the lower end of the vertical worm shafts H, are K, worm
wheels, which work in gear with I, a transverse worm shaft with a lever
handle, and upon giving motion thereto the mechanical combination will raise
or lower the end of the wood to be sawn according to the motion given ;
L, the slides to regulate the position of the frame E upon the rack bench; M
are the locking bolts to fix the frame upon the rack bench; N are plummer,
blocks bearings to worm shaft I; O, the centre bearing of the holding dog.
The object obtained by the vertical frame E, and moving gear attached
thereto, is to enable the ends of the wood to be raised or depressed, so
as to enable the saw to pass through the depth of the wood, for if the crooked
timber shewn in Figure 1 were to pass to the saws in the ordinary manner of
placing wood on a rack bench, the height of the saw to cut would not be suf-

page_text: ficient to pass through the ends of the wood, as seen in the horizontal dotted
line across A in Figure 1, and therefore it is necessary to elevate or depress
the ends whilst the saws are passing through the wood (as shewn in Figure 1).
The advantages of such a mechanical combination as herein described will be
understood to be in being enabled to cut uneven and crooked timbers with the
same facility as though they were not uneven or crooked; and also being
enabled to convert them into planking or to slab them for ship timbers, which
it will be obvious is effected by passing a number of saws through the wood
at one feed for planking, and two for slabbing, as Figure 2 indicates.
I therefore claim the mode, herein described, of carrying and moving bent
or crooked timber to be cut by circular saws.
Longitudinal side elevation of a rack bench, Figure 3, for making and
dressing masts, spars, and booms, and also the ordinary sawing work of a rack
bench, as herein described.-A, the wood; B, the circular saw, of similar
character to those already described (in Plate 2, Figure 4, of the elevation of
the circular saws); C, the rack and bench; D, the supporting rollers thereto;
E, the axis of the saws; F, the ring surface plate, carrying the saws B; G, the
set screws; H, the screws to fasten the saws upon the ring surface plate;
I, the locking part champhered bolts to set fast K, the regulating champhered
screw nut upon the set screws G; L, the plummer block bearings of the
saw shaft; M and M' are two heads similar to lathe heads, M is the mandril
head, and M¹ the poppet head; N is the chuck plate and mandril or revolving
axis in M, which has motion communicated to it by a worm wheel O, upon the
mandril, and a screw shaft P, with a lever handle.
Thus far having described the machine, I will now proceed to describe the
method of making the masts, spars, and booms. A, the wood, is here shewn
as being sawn into an octagon taper form, and the taper cut is obtained by
laying one of the lathe heads upon the rack bench at a required distance from
the parallelism of or diagonally to the circular saws, and thereby the wood
lying diagonally upon the heads, and being carried whilst in that direction to
the saws by the rack bench, a taper cut is obtained in the wood, as also seen
in Figure 1, Plate 4. The taper octagon form here shewn is obtained by
making one of the saws cut one of the sides of the wood (lying diagonally) in
a taper direction by the feed of the rack bench, which is then returned by the
back motion gear, herein-after described, for a second similar cut, by altering
the position of the wood upon the centres, by turning the lever arm P and
worm wheel O; and by a repetition of such like proceedings an octagon or any
sided polygon is sawn, which being made, and the wood still remaining fixed
upon the centre chucks or surface plates of the lathe heads, and if a quick
1

page_text: continuous motion be now given' to N, the mandril and the circular surface
toothed chuck plate by turning P, the lever handle, the, wood A will also
revolve, and the circular saws being also at work, the angular corners of the
octagon are-cut off, and the wood consequently is converted in a circular taper
form as required for masts. In making spars, it will be necessary to reverse
the angle at which the wood lies to the parallelism of the saws, because spars
taper towards their extremities, until it meets with that portion which holds
the block where it is square, when another alteration of the position of the
wood is necessary for making that portion of the spar. It will, therefore, be
obvious that the necessary taper for mast and spars is obtained by altering
the position of the heads with the wood to an angle diagonally to the
parallelism of the saws, and it is then made into a figure of many sides. The
wood is then turned quickly, and the saws make the wood of a circular form.
R is the transverse slides upon the rack bench; to allow the head to pass out
of a parallel direction with the circular saws'; S, a circular chuck plate, that
revolves upon the centre of the 'poppet head M"; and T is the wheel lever to
poppet head, to tighten the circular toothed surface chucks into the wood;
and Z are the locking bolts in the lathe heads upon the rack bench plate;
U is the lever clutch block, for throwing out of or into gear the driving band
to work C, the pinion shaft, that gives motion to the feeding rack'; W is a
broad flat strap from the driving shaft, to give motion to the circular saw
shaft; X, the back motion strap, working off the driving shaft and giving
motion to the free rigger, into which the clutch block from the lever U is
thrown into gear to reverse the motion of the rack bench. (a), a supporting
'wooden wedge, to bear the central weight of the wood A whilst being cut into
an octagon from, having to be moved and replaced when the sides have to be
altered for sawing the octagon or any polygonal form of timber, as before
described, but it will be necessary, when revolving the timber, to obtain a
circular form to place on the octagon timber now cut; the collar (b), internally
octagon, that fits the taper mast, and being externally circular, has its bearing
on the frictional roller bearing (a¹), so that when the wood for the mast
revolves, the collar (b) will also revolve with it, and the external surface
of the collar works upon a bearing of the frictional roller bearing (a¹),
dotted in upon a similar block to (a), (screwed upon the rack bed plate,)
except that it is as short as the dotted line upon (a), and this collar
serves as a centre support to the weight of the wood whilst the rotary
motion is being applied' to make it or any such like work into a taper
circular form as far as half the distance, when another collar, the first-
mentioned one (see Figure 4, having been removed, being internally and

page_text: externally circular, having likewise its external surface working in the frictional
roller bearing (a), is then placed upon the half distance of the wood that has
passed the saws, which also acts as a centre support to the weight of the
revolving wood. C', a standard to the dressing plane, which may be used to
plane the surface of the wood (after the manner of a wood planing machine),
whilst it (the wood) is held in the centre heads M and M'; different shaped
planes are necessary for different work, as flats, semicircles, &c.
Description of collars, Figure 4.-(6), collar of form before described,
divided into halves for the purpose of fitting on the mast, to act as centre
supports to the wood, having their bearing in (a), frictional bearing rollers.
Plate 4, plan of the circular saw bench.-It will be observed that there
is a great difference in the construction of this Figure 1 and the rack bench
(Figure 3, Plate 3), which has a bed plate and double racks, and frictional
rollers to bear the transverse bed plate here shewn, which is supported upon four
frictional guide flange wheels, and they have their bearings upon a tramroad,
and the transverse bed plates, upon which the wood is fixed to be sawn, is drawn
towards the saws by means of metallic wire rope, or hempen rope, or chain,
and therefore the difference is here shewn between the rack bench and the tram-
road circular saw bench, to shew that either of such mechanical arrangements
are applicable to such description of circular sawing, as previously here described
and illustrated. A, the wood being sawn and being converted into a taper
circular form, applicable to masts, &c. It will be here observed that the wood
is in part of a polygonal form and the remainder of a circular taper form, and
that shape is being obtained by giving a revolving motion to the wood A, whilst
the saws are in motion and the feed bringing the wood up to the saws, which
are cutting the corners off of the polygon. Z is a separate piece of wood,
also being cut at the same time as A is being made circular by B, the
segment saws of the same character as before described; C is the wooden or
iron tramroad for D, the bed plate, upon which the wood is held to be sawn;
E, the mandril, with poppet heads for mast making, with F, their centres and
toothed chuck plates; G is a worm wheel upon the mandril, which has motion
communicated thereto by H, a worm shaft, and handle W; it has also, when
motion is required thereto from the prime mover, by the metallic wire or other
rope or chain being taken a turn, round a wheel dotted in upon one end of the
screw shaft H, and thereby motion is communicated to the wood, which will
cause the saws to make the wood circular; V are the slides for shifting the
distance from the parallelism of the circular saws, and (a), the locking bolts
thereto; and H is the plummer block bearings upon the bed plate, for the regu-
lating screw shaft I, and fastening nuts thereon, by which the timber holding

page_text: dogs are regulated, and to bite the wood. Two sets of the holding dogs may
be placed upon the screw shaft I, for two separate pieces of wood to cut
parallel, as Z, for sawing; L is a top frictional press roller, which may be
veed upon its surface;' M is a bottom frictional roller veed upon its surface;
N are the frictional wheels flanged to bear the bed plates, and move upon the
tramroad C; O is the metallic wire or other rope or chain, which is locked in
the hole bored through the bed plates by Y, the locking bolts thereto, and as
the O, the wire or other rope or chain, has a turn upon a grooved clutch
chuck wheel which has a feather in its bore, and slides upon the shaft P, as
may be directed by the striking or forked lever R'; and S is a band, having
motion from the saw shaft V, and gives motion to the band S¹, and fore
(clutch) rigger upon the shaft P; and T is the back motion free (clutch)
rigger, obtaining motion from off the main driving shaft. Now, R is the lever
handle to give a progressive or retrograding motion to the bed plates D, and
wood thereupon, held by the holding dogs K; X is a broad driving belt.
I claim the method of making a mast of a round or polygonal form by cir-
cular saws, as herein described.
My Invention further consists of the following mechanical combination for
cutting, grooving, and slotting metals, and such purposes are effected by a
novel arrangement of cutters or tools fixed upon a disc which has a transverse
motion upon a revolving shaft, in plummer block bearings between the
standards of an ordinary planing machine; and when motion is communi-
cated to the shaft disk and cutters, and also to the longitudinal moving
bed upon which the metal is placed to be acted on, the conjoint action by this
mechanical arrangement will effect the operation of planing metals, for the
disc and cutters have a transverse motion communicated by means described;
and when the bed remains stationary and motion is given to the cutters to
act upon the metal for making a slott, it will then be necessary to lower the
revolving shaft and cutters by the method herein shown, and the grooving by
the conjoint means of the planing and slotting process mentioned. The
cutters to be used are of the same character as in ordinary slide rest tools for
their various purposes.
I will now describe, by aid of the accompanying Drawings, the machine for
performing such work.
a, a, a, are the cutters, fixed in a circular disk or plate
b, having set screws c, c, to tighten them thereto. To the disc or plate bis
fixed a piece d, having a female screw cut therein, which receives a screwed
spindle e, to one end of which is attached the apparatus, herein-after described,
for advancing the cut or traversing the feed; this screwed spindle e is partially
encased by a cast-iron shaft f, accurately turned and fitted, and running in

page_text: bearings or plummer blocks 9, 9, which move up or down, as may be required,
by any of the ordinary means used in planing machines for raising or lower-
ing the tool or cutter. The cast-iron shaft f is made to revolve by means of a
strap passing over a rigger or pulley h, keyed thereon; the strap may be
adjusted by a tightening friction pulley or any of the usual means, as the shaft
on which it is fixed rises and falls.
The apparatus for the traversing feed is as follows:-The cast-iron shaft f
revolving with the screwed spindle e, upon which is fixed two small ratchet
wheels i, i*, with pawls k, k*, taking into them; the other end of these pawls
are fixed to a wheel l, which moves loosely on the screwed spindle e.
The action of the apparatus for the traversing feed is as follows:-The
weighted lever m being put in motion, carries with it the vertical rack
n, upon which is a slotted arm o, having holes ✶✶ for pins to adjust the
motion of the lever arms p, p, which are connected with levers q, q', on the
screwed spindle e; and it will be observed that the two pawls r, rl, are for the
ordinary purpose of giving motion to the wheel 1, which remains stationary
upon the spindle e until the moving bed C has made one backward or forward
motion, when the pawl r', as shewn in gear, will cause, by the motion obtained
from the vertical rack shaft n, to move the wheel 1, and cause the pawl to act
upon the ratchet wheel ", being keyed or fixed upon the screwed spindle e,
and consequently the motion thereby communicated will advance the cutters
a, a, a, according to which pawl may be put in gear to obtain the result here
described.
Figure 1 is a front view; Figure 2 is a side view; Figure 3 is a plan;
Figure 4, section of bar, shewing arrangement of cutting. A, A, are the sup-
ports; B, B, the bed of the machine; C, C, the moving bed; D, D, the
standards for carrying cutters or tools E, E, in the main driving shaft, sup-
ported on brackets F, F; G, rigger for moving bevil pinion I; G¹, loose
rigger; G2, rigger for moving bevil pinion H; K, bevil wheel keyed on to
shaft L, carrying pinions M, M*, taking into rack O, bolted to under side of
moving bed; P, cross bar for carrying plummer blocks, and supported by
upright screw Q, taking into a hand wheel R, for the purpose of raising and
lowering the cutters or tools.
I claim the mode of arranging and working a rotatory cutter disk so as to
travel transversely upon a rotatory axis, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Matthew Barker, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty.
CHA MATHEW (L.B.) BARKER.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Tenth day of May, in the
year of our Lord 1850, the aforesaid Charles Matthew Barker, came before
our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specifi-
cation aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to
the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Tenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and fifty.