IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM PUMPING ENGINES
Year: 1884

page_text: We SAMUEL GRAHAM BROWNE and WILLIAM BOBY both of N° 11 Queen
Victoria Street, in the City of London and County of Middlesex, Engineers, do
hereby declare the nature of our invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM PUMPING
ENGINES" to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to an improved valve gear and governing attachments for
Steam Pumping Engines and the general arrangements of their parts. Also their
combination with condensers operating in conjunction with such engines being
applicable to Duplex Single or compounded engines.
In Duplex Engines the cylinders are placed side by side their piston rods working
in separate pumping barrels. This valve gear being so arranged that the relative
positions of their pistons when at work will be about similar to those of a double
cylinder rotative engine whose cranks are at right angles. The object being to
keep up a continuous flow of water in the delivery pipe of the pumps utilizing the
entrain of the column of water in lieu of a fly wheel thus enabling steam to be
cut off at the most advantageous point in the stroke in both cylinders one being
always under full head of steam. The valve gear controlling either cylinder being
operated from the piston or piston rod of the other cylinder the movement taking
place preferably when one piston is at about half stroke and the other at the end
of its stroke. Suitable provision being made that in case the latter completes its
stroke before its time it will rest awaiting the reversal of its main valve before
starting on its return stroke.
The cylinders may be in one casting having a common valve chest and provided
with the usual steam and exhaust ports the steam ports entering their cylinders at
some little distance from their ends. It may be found desirable to add cushioning
ports admitting steam to the pistons after passing the main ports, these ports may
be uncovered by the traverse of the piston and provided with suitable valves to
prevent the return of steam, or the pistons in their traverse may admit steam by
opening suitable valves. The object of this arrangement being to allow of the
piston which has arrived at the end of its stroke to await the reversal of the main
valve controlling its movement. The main valves of the engines opening their

page_text: ports alternately to steam and exhaust are actuated by supplemental pistons
working in suitable cylinders the reversals taking place at the desired time. These
supplemental cylinders may be cast or bolted to the main valve chest or chests in
which case a single gland will be sufficient to pack each connecting rod between
each main valve and its driving supplemental piston. The valve chests of the
supplemental cylinders are preferably bolted or rivetted on so as to allow of the
ports being accurately drilled or cut into the cylinders in their proper position and
long narrow ports used on the working face and for facility of manufacture a false
face is preferred and by this means a short valve traverse is obtained. The
supplemental cylinders are provided with the usual steam and exhaust ports the
steam ports entering at a little distance from their ends. Cushioning ports are
provided to arrest and start the supplemental piston on its return stroke after
closing the port on the exhaust side these cushioning ports preferably lead from
the supplemental valve chest and correspond with ports in the supplemental pistons
opened by its traverse at both ends of their stroke; the ports in the supplemental
pistons lay in different planes and overlapping each other, a communicating slot in
the piston admitting steam to one set of ports. Two or more ports may be used
in large engines with the object of making the traverse definite and using a short
piston. The supplemental pistons are moved by steam (preferably admitted
directly from the main valve chest) controlled by or rotary valves, these
supplemental valves being actuated from the main pistons or piston rods of the
opposite cylinder by means of controlling levers clearing tappets or other suitable
equivalent. When clearing tappets are used they may extend the length of the
stroke of the engine and these tappets working on suitable centres with connections
to the valves may be moved by suitable rounded arins with rollers in the centres
of their working faces attached to the main piston rods, such arms may work in
suitable guides. The expansion valves (as hereinafter described) working on the
main valves when cutting off steam at fixed points in the strokes of the main
pistons are moved by the traverse of the supplemental piston of their opposite
cylinder through suitable connections, provision being made for lifting these
expansion valves or throwing them out of gear so that the main cylinders may
have steam during their entire stroke. In Duplex Engines where variable
expansion is required the movement of the expansion valves will be as in single
acting engines. In Duplex Engines where the main valves are moved directly
from the piston rods without the intervention of a supplemental piston the
expansion valves may be moved from the valve or valve rod of the opposite
cylinder or made variable as in single acting engines.
Duplex Engines may be provided with extra gear for working the supplemental
valves from their own piston rods suitable provision being made for separating the
pumps, making each an independent pumping engine.
In single engines supplemental pistons inove and reverse the main valves as in
the Duplex Engines, the expansion valves being moved by a separate expansion
piston actuated by steam or by suitable connections with the pump or piston rod.
The main valve expansion valve and gear may be of any of the following types or
equivalents giving the same functions.
Steam may be cut off outside the supplemental cylinder in a separate valve
chest having connecting ports to the supplemental cylinder. These ports corre-
sponding with ports or openings in a hollow supplemental piston (carrying the
main valve between its ends) these ports being so arranged that when one is open
its opposite is closed by the supplemental piston. The position being reversed by
the reversal of this piston. All the steam to drive the main piston passing through
the expansion valve chest may be cut off by the movement of the expansion valve
cutting off one port (the other being cut off inside by the supplemental piston) on
the reversal of the supplemental piston the opposite port will be opened admitting
steam to the main valve, this in its turn being cut off by the expansion valve; the
ports entering the supplemental cylinder preferably run round it to keep the piston

page_text: in balance and liners may be used for facility of manufacture. A separate
admission for steam communicating with the supplemental cylinder is provided
(with a suitable tap) so that the engine can be used as a non expansive engine in
starting. When steam is cut off directly over the main valve it may be of the
type double ported or with only one opening communicating alternately with
both main ports, or may be of the grid type, the grids of the expansion valve
moving transversely and so arranged that at half stroke both ports are partially
open but at full stroke one is open the other closed. The action of the expansion
valve in both cases is similar videlicet:-on one port being closed by its movement
and cutting off steam from the main cylinder, the reversal of the supplemental
piston and the main valve opens the opposite main steam port to cushion and start
the main piston on its return stroke. The expansion valves may be lifted, or in
the case of grid valves they may be fixed in the centre of their stroke converting
the engine into a non expansive engine for starting.
When grid valves are used a rotative movement of the supplemental piston may
traverse the expansion grid, the piston being rotated by a squared pin actuated
from outside the cylinder. Where separate expansion cylinders are used for
traversing expansion valves their controlling valve may be moved from the main
piston or piston rod by a lever or tappet motion at a fixed point, or by tappets,
their position being adjustable for the purpose of altering the point of cut off by
a right and left handed screw, linked connectors, or equivalent device moved from
the piston rod by suitable connections or moving suitable levers, say by a rocking
shaft, this rocking shaft being moved by a lever connected to the piston rod and
working through and moving the rocking shaft, the lever being provided at its end
with a roller or rounded end which may be used for reversing the supplemental
valve by striking suitable levers the eliptical curve which the moving end of the
lever makes being rapid when the main piston nears the end of the stroke. These
valves may also be moved by a Bourdon bent tube diaphragm or cylinder with
communications to the pressure side of the pump and the suction a suitable three
way cock moved by levers or other suitable means admitting pressure or opening
exhaust as required to accomplish the movement. The intervention of a cataract
may be used for obtaining an automatic cut off. The piston of this may travel
free for a portion of its stroke and the presence of the fluid acting on diaphragm
or bent tubes for reversing the valve when the piston moves at more than its
normal speed.
A rotary governor may also be used the rotating movement being transmitted
from levers moved by the piston to the spindle by means of small rollers working
on inclined planes held by the levers, the rollers grasping the spindle in one
direction but clearing in the other. This governor may be used to cut off steam
from the main valve chest in case of the engines running away from loss of suction
or bursting of the rising main.
A governor may be used consisting of a Bourdon bent tube diaphragm, or
cylinder and piston connected to the delivery side of pump and actuated by the
pressure due to the head of water, connected by levers, tappets, tumbling levers or
other suitable means, to the steam supply, so as to cut off or reduce the same if the
pump run away from causes above named. Or the governor may consist of a
diaphragm, bourdon bent tube or cylinder and piston connected to the suction side
of pump and to the steam supply as above named and acting on the latter in case
of the suction failing.
Or the governor may consist of both the above arrangements in combination.
The valve working the supplemental piston which moves both main valves may
be moved by the high pressure piston and compound piston alternately moving
suitable connections.
When surface condensers are used in connection with any of the above engines
we dispense with a circulating pump using the suction for cooling purposes; when
a large volume of water is pumped to a low lift a light metal pipe provided with

page_text: gland is inserted into the bed plate with suitable deflecting covers to facilitate the
How of the water the space between this tube and the bed plate being the cooling
space and in connection with a suitable air pump, the suction valves of the pump
being fixed to the bed plate or only separated by a diaphragm the suction inlet
being bolted to the bed plate. When suction condensers are used and the volume
of steam too great to be condensed by the volume of water being pumped, we
carry the exhaust in one or more pipes through the delivery pipe delivery chamber
or air vessel, condensing the proper proportion of steam before admitting it into
the suction condenser.
Any of the above arrangements or equivalent devices being applicable to any of
these engines mentioned.

page_text: We, SAMUEL GRAHAM BROWNE and WILLIAM BOBY both of No 11 Queen
Victoria Street in the City of London and County of Middlesex Engineers, do
hereby declare the nature of our invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
PUMPING ENGINES and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:――
"
Our Invention relates to an improved valve gear and governing attachments for
Steam Pumping Engines and the general arrangements of their parts. Also their
combination with condensers operating in conjunction with such engines being
applicable to Duplex Single or compounded Engines.
In Duplex Engines the cylinders are placed side by side, their piston rods
working in separate pumping barrels. This valve gear being so arranged that the
relative positions of their pistons when at work will be about similar to those of a
double cylinder rotative engine whose cranks are at right angles, but the reversal
may take place at any time regulated by the valve gear The object being to keep
up a constant flow of water in the delivery pipe of the pumps, utilizing the entrain
of the column of water in lieu of a fly wheel; and with this object in view we
make the outlets of the air vessels and breeches piece curve in the direction of the
column of water in motion as shown; so that when steam is cut off from one
cylinder the pressure in its pumping air vessel will be directed in the line of the
pumping current, instead of directly on the delivery valves, thus enabling steam to
be cut off at the most advantageous point in the stroke in both cylinders, one being
always under full head of steam; the valve gear controlling either cylinder being
operated from the piston or piston rod of the other cylinder, the movement taking
place preferably when one piston is at about half stroke and the other at the end
of its stroke, suitable provision being made that in case the latter completes its
stroke before its time it will rest awaiting the reversal of its main valve before
starting on its return stroke.
The cylinders may be in one casting having a common valve chest and provided
with the usual steam and exhaust ports, the steam ports entering their cylinders at
some little distance from their ends; from these ports suitable passages are arranged
communicating with the ends of the cylinders, provided with suitable valves for
closing communication with these ports when the piston has passed them on the
exhaust side, but opening to the ends of the cylinders on the reversal of the main
valves for starting the pistons on their return stroke. It may be found desirable
to add cushioning ports or passages admitting steam behind the pistons after its
passing the main ports, these passages may be uncovered by the traverse of the
piston and provided with suitable valves to prevent the return of steam, or the
pistons in their traverse may admit steam by opening suitable valves by moving
them off their seats. The object of this arrangement being to allow of the piston
which has arrived at the end of its stroke awaiting the reversal of the main valve
controlling its movement. The main valves of the engines opening their ports
alternately to steam and exhaust are actuated by supplemental pistons working in
suitable cylinders, the reversals taking place at the desired time.
These sup-
plemental cylinders may be cast or bolted to the main valve chest or chests, in
which case a single gland will be sufficient to pack each connecting rod between
each main valve and its driving supplemental piston. The valve chests of the
supplemental cylinders are preferably bolted or rivetted on so as to allow of the
ports being accurately drilled or cut into the cylinders in their proper position, and

page_text: long narrow ports used on the working face, and for facility of manufacture a false
face is preferred, and by this means a short valve traverse is obtained. The sup-
plemental cylinders are provided with the usual steam and exhaust ports, the steam
ports entering at a little distance from their ends, and these ports may overlap and
lead to the opposite ends in one cylinder, so that the movement of the supplemental
piston will be in the opposite direction to the traverse of the supplemental valve.
Cushioning ports are provided to arrest and start the supplemental piston on its
return stroke after closing the port on the exhaust side; these cushioning ports
preferably lead from the supplemental valve chest and correspond with ports in the
supplemental pistons opened by its traverse at both ends of their stroke; the ports
in the supplemental pistons lay in different planes and overlapping each other, a
communicating slot in the piston admitting steam to one set of ports. Two or
more ports may be used in large engines with the object of making the traverse
definite and using a short piston, and cushioning ports with valves may be used
as in the main cylinders.
The supplemental pistons are moved by steam (preferably admitted directly from
the main valve chest as shewn) controlled by ☐ or rotary valves, these sup-
plemental valves being actuated from the main pistons or piston rods of the opposite
cylinder by means of linked connectors (as shown on the drawing) allowing the
leading piston to decide the point of reversal, or by controlling levers, clearing
tappets, or other suitable equivalent.
When clearing tappets are used they may extend the length of the stroke of the
engine and these tappets working on suitable centres with connections to the
valves may be moved by suitable rounded arms with rollers in the centres of their
working faces attached to the main piston rods, such arms may work in suitable
guides. The expansion valves (as hereinafter described) working on the main
valves when cutting off steam at determined points in the strokes of the main
pistons are moved by the traverse of the supplemental piston of their opposite
cylinder through suitable connections, provision being made for lifting these
expansion valves or throwing them out of gear so that the main cylinders may
have steam during their entire stroke; that is to say, that the cut off is coincident
with the reversal of the opposite main valve, the reversal however being variable
and taking place at the most suitable point in the stroke.
In Duplex Engines where the main valves are moved directly from the piston
rods without the intervention of a supplemental piston, the expansion valves may
be moved from the valve or valve rod of the opposite cylinder or made variable as
in single acting engines.
Duplex Engines may be provided with extra gear for working the supplemental
valves from their own piston rods, suitable provision being made for separating the
pumps, making each an independent pumping engine.
In single engines supplemental pistons move and reverse the main valves, as in
the Duplex Engines, the expansion valves being moved by a separate expansion
piston actuated by steam or by suitable connections with the pump or piston rod.
The main valve, expansion valve and gear, may be of any of the following types,
or equivalents giving the same functions.
Steam may be cut off outside the supplemental cylinder in a separate valve chest
having connecting ports to the supplemental cylinder. These ports corresponding
with ports or opening in a hollow supplemental piston (carrying the main valve
between its ends ;) these ports being so arranged that when one is open its opposite
is closed by the supplemental piston. The position being reversed by the reversal
of this piston.
All the steam to drive the main piston passing through the expansion valve
chest may be cut off by the movement of the expansion valve cutting off one port
(the other being cut off inside by the supplemental piston); on the reversal of the
supplemental piston the opposite port will be opened admitting steam to the main
valve, this in its turn being cut off by the expansion valve, the ports entering the
supplemental cylinder preferably run round it to keep the piston in balance, and

page_text: When
type
liners may be used as shown for facility of manufacture. A separate admission for
steam communicating with the supplemental cylinder is provided (with a suitable
tap) so that the engine can be used as a non expansive engine in starting.
steam is cut off directly over the main valve, the valve may be of the
double ported, or with only one opening arranged to communicate alternately with
both main ports in its traverse, or may be of the grid type, the grids of the
expansion valve moving transversely and so arranged that at half stroke of the
expansion valve both ports are partially open, but at full stroke one is open
the other closed.
The action of the expansion valve in both cases is similar videlicet: on one port
being closed by its movement cutting off steam from the main cylinder, the reversal
of the supplemental piston and the main valve opens the opposite main steam port,
to cushion and start the main piston on its return stroke.
The expansion valves may be lifted by an eccentric. and link (as shown) or be
connected by a screw passing through a gland or other convenient device; or in
the case of grid valves they may be fixed in the centre of their stroke, converting
the engine into a non expansive engine for starting.
When grid valves are used, a rotative movement of the supplemental piston may
traverse the expansion grid by suitable connections, the piston being rotated by a
squared pin passing through a gland actuated from outside the cylinder.
When separate expansion cylinders are used for traversing expansion valves, their
controlling valve may be moved from the main piston or piston rod by a lever or
tappet motion at a determined point, or by tappets, their position being adjustable
for the purpose of altering the point of cut off by a right and left handed screw,
linked connectors or equivalent device moved from the piston rod by suitable
connections, or moving suitable levers, say by a rocking shaft, this working shaft
being moved by a lever connected to the piston rod and working through and
moving the rocking shaft, the lever being provided near its end with a roller or
rollers, and it may have a tappet lever or rounded end which may be used for
reversing the supplemental valve by striking suitable levers, the eliptical curve
which the moving end of the roller lever makes being rapid when the main piston
nears the end of the stroke. These valves may also be moved by a "Bourdon
bent tube, diaphragm, or cylinder with communications to the pressure side of the
pump and the suction, a suitable cock moved by levers or other suitable means
admitting pressure or opening exhaust as required to accomplish the movement;
this arrangement is shown on the Drawing cutting off steam from the main valve
chest (see Fig: 21. Sheet III of the drawing). The intervention of a cataract may
be used for obtaining an automatic cut off; the piston of this may travel free for
a portion of its stroke and the pressure of the fluid act on diaphragms, or bent
tubes for reversing the valve when the piston moves at more than its normal
speed.
"
A rotary governor may also be used, the rotating movement being transmitted
from levers inoved by the piston, to the spindle by means of small rollers working
on inclined planes held by the levers, the rollers grasping the spindle in one
direction but clearing in the other. This governor may be used to cut off steam
from the main valve chest in case of the engines running away from loss of suction
or bursting of the rising main.
In compounded engines the main ports enter both cylinders some little distance
from their ends, but provided with small passages leading to their ends with the
object of allowing the valves of the pumps to rest momentarily before starting on
return stroke, and may be provided with valves and cushioning ports as shown.
The valve working the supplemental piston which moves both main valves may be
moved by the high pressure piston and compound piston alternately moving suitable
connections.
When surface condensers are used in connection with any of the above engines,
we dispense with a circulating pump, using the suction for cooling purposes; when
a large volume of water is pumped to a low lift, a light metal pipe provided with
j

page_text: a gland is inserted into the bed plate, with suitable deflecting covers to facilitate
the flow of the water, this pipe being of any convenient form offering the greatest
cooling surface, and suitable arrangements being made to render it readily remov-
able; the space between this tube and the bed plate being the cooling space,
and in connection with a suitable air pump; the suction valves of the pump being
preferably fixed to the bed plate or only separated by a diaphragm, the suction
inlet being bolted to the bed plate. In duplex pumps two pipes may be used
forming separate suctions. When suction condensers are used and the volume of
steam is too great to be condensed by the cooling surface offered by the tube, we carry
the exhaust in one or more pipes through the delivery pipe, delivery chamber, or
air vessel condensing the proper proportion of steam before admitting it into the
suction condenser; vertical pipes with deflecting tubes being preferably used as
shown; but the extra cooling surface may be obtained by passing the whole or
a portion of the exhaust steam through pipes coming in contact with the suction
or the delivery of pump, as in an ordinary surface condenser before the exhaust
steam enters the cooling chamber in the bed plate, thus obtaining sufficient cooling
surface.
On the accompanying Drawings
:-
Figure 1. Sheet 1. Shews plan of Duplex pump the supplemental valves being
moved by linked connectors.
Figure 2. Sheet 1. Section of same through A*. A*.
Figures 3 & 4 Sheet 1. Transverse and longitudinal section of ends of steam
cylinders showing cushioning ports.
Figure 5. Sheet 2. Shews section of single engine with expansion gear, and
attachments for moving same.
Figure 6. Sheet 2. Plan of same.
Figure 7. Sheet 2. View of clearing tappets.
Figure 8. Sheet 2. Transverse section through Figure 1 on line B*. B*.
Figures 9 & 10. Sheet 2. Variable gear for actuating supplemental valves and
expansion valves.
Figures 11, 12, 13. Sheet 3. Shew arrangement of cutting off steam by an expan-
sion valve in combination with the supplemental piston.
Figure 14. Sheet 3. Shews plan of underside of expansion valve.
Figures 15. 16. 17. & 18 Sheet 4. Shew arrangement of condenser.
Figures 19. and 20 Sheet 4. Arrangement of rotary governor.
Figure 21. Sheet 3. Arrangement of governor actuated from the pump barrel.
Sheet 1. The main valves A A¹ are moved by the supplemental pistons B B¹.
The supplemental valves C. C opening the ports C2 alternately to steam and
exhaust, reciprocating the main valves A A¹ at the desired time and thus the main
piston as in all direct acting engines. The ports D enter the cylinders some little
distance from their ends, the communicating passages E having valves E¹, these
valves cutting off the exhaust when the pistons have passed the ports D, but open
to steam on the reversal of the main valves to start the piston till the ports D are
uncovered. The passages E' are uncovered by the traverse of the piston admitting
steam from the driving side to back of piston, the valves E³ preventing its return.
The expansion valves F and F are moved by the reversal of the opposite main
valve through levers G and G¹, the movement of the main valve A thus cuts off
steam from the valve A¹ by traversing the expansion valve F¹, and vice versa.
The reversal of any main valve after being cut off from steam opens its opposite
port to full head of steam. The valves C and C¹ controlling the movement of the
main and expansion valves are actuated as shewn, or may be moved by duplicated
gear as in Figures 5, 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. The linked connectors H and H' are moved by
the respective traverse of the hanging levers I and I¹ which are in turn moved
by the rollers J and J¹ on the levers R and R¹ which are in their turns moved
from the main piston rods, the linked connector H being guided at each of its ends
in the slots L and L'; this link being connected respectively at each end to the
hanging levers I and 1' so. that the relative positions of the main piston rods

page_text: decide the point of reversal in each cylinder and the cut off from the opposite main
valve. The levers R and R¹ are held in position and moved through the trunnion
bearings M and M', the slots or roller paths in the hanging levers I and I' being so
shaped that the eliptical curves which the rollers J and J¹ make in their traverse,
actuated from the main piston rods, allow of the hanging levers when, or just after
the levers R and R¹ have passed the centre of their stroke in either direction,
resting for any required time, then rapidly completeing their traverse; that is
when one end of the linked connector is rapidly nearing either end of its slot, its
opposite end rests for any required time when about the centre of its traverse.
The link H moves the link H by pin H2, both links are provided or connected
with cams or studs K and K' which alternately move the tappets N and N¹, and
these through their connecting rods the supplemental valves C and C¹ in the
required direction, thus actuating the main and expansion valves at the most
advantageous time to reciprocate the main piston by opening the ports D to steam
and exhaust. Should either main piston complete its stroke before the desired
time, the arrangement of cushioning passages and valves permits of its resting,
awaiting the reversal of its main valves. A single linked connector may be used
accomplishing the same functions. To assist in maintaining the entrain of the
column of water, we provide the air vessels O with curved outlets P and Q in the
breeches piece, whereby the current from the air vessels is directed in the line of
the flow of water, instead of directly on to the delivery valves of the pump. In
single engines (see Sheet II) the main valve A is reciprocated by the piston B,
controlled through the supplemental valve C; admitting steam alternately to each
side of the piston B. through ports C², the usual exhaust port being provided.
The cushioning ports C³ cushioning and reversing the piston B. The expansion
piston B¹ is controlled in a similar way by valve C' not shown. The ports in this
case preferably admitting steam to the opposite ends of the supplemental cylinder,
so arranged that the piston will move in the opposite direction to the traverse of
the supplemental valve. The expansion valve F is moved by the traverse of the
piston B¹ cutting off steam from the main valve A but so arranged that on the
reversal of the main valve A the then driving port will be opened to steam. The
supplemental valves C and C+ are moved as shewn from the piston rod, the supple-
mental valve C at a fixed point, the expansion supplemental valve C at any desired
point in the stroke of the main piston. Both valves are actuated from the lever R
working through the trunnion bearing M, the roller J throwing over the tappet N
and reversing the supplemental valve C at the desired time. The cams S. S. on
the rocking shaft V moved by lever R throw over the clearing tappets NI. These
cams and tappets being so arranged that they alternately move the valve C¹ in the
desired direction through the connecting rod U₁. The position and striking angle
of the cams S. S. can be altered by means of the right and left handed threads
or spiral slot T on the boss T¹ these being so arranged that by revolving the
screw W the relative positions of the cams may be altered so that they strike
the tappets N¹ at any required point of the stroke of the main piston, thus actuating
the expansion valve through the piston B. Figures 9 and 10 show a different
gear to effect the same purpose, the supplemental valve C being reversed by the
ends of the arms J2 of the lever R, alternately striking either end of tappet N,
clearing the same after the reversal by the movement of the main piston, the
expansion supplemental valve C₁ being moved by the roller J which rolls along
the face of the tappet N2 and owing to the eliptical curves which this roller makes
in its traverse, by the raising or lowering of the roller J on lever R, it moves the
tappet N at different points in the stroke of the main piston as desired, the
roller J being fitted on the sleeve L which is held from turning by a feather.
revolving the nut O the position of the roller J can be raised or lowered.
By
Sheet 3. Figures 11 and 13 Shew sections through the main and the supple-
mental valve chest, the main valve A being moved by the hollow piston B which
is provided with ports C and C₁, through which steam passes through openings C³
and C* to the main valve A. One of the ports, either C or C₁, being always open

page_text: to steam when the piston B is at either end of its stroke, the opposite port being
cut off from the communicating passages C³ C by the piston itself. The ports or
passages C3 C lead to the expansion valve face, the niovement of the expansion
valve F cutting off steam from one passage but opening steam to the opposite
passage which is cut off by the piston B but which is opened to steam on the
reversal of the piston. The expansion valve F may be of the grid type as shewn,
or of the usual form and actuated direct from the piston rod by suitable cams, or
by means of a separate expansion cylinder and piston. By opening the valve E
the engine may be converted into an ordinary direct acting engine; piston rings G
may be used, and in preference we use liners H for facility in manufacture.
The condenser consists of the suction pipe or passage A passing through the
box bed plate, the intervening space forming the condensing chamber to which a
suitable air pump is connected.
The tube A forms the suction to the pump and may be made in the best form
or shape to give the greatest amount of cooling surface, say as in fig 18, one end B
being jointed to bed plate the other passing through a gland C allowing for
expansion and contraction, and convenient for removal. Where the diameter of
the pumps, as compared with the diameter of the steam cylinder is such that
sufficient cooling surface cannot be offered in the length of the bed plate, we place
condensing tubes in the delivery pipe, air vessel, or in a separate condensing
chamber (connected with the suction or delivery) through which the whole or a
portion of the exhaust steam passes before reaching cooling space in bed plate. By
preference we shew vertical tubes D. in the air vessel which absorb and condense a
portion of the steam passing through the passage F to condenser; the deflecting
tubes E removing the air in starting, these condensing tubes providing the
additional amount of cooling surface required. In duplex pumps 2 condensing
tubes may be used so as to form separate suctions to each pump.
The rotary governor as shewn is actuated from the piston rod through the
levers A and A moving the eccentric boxes B B₁ the rollers CC gripping the
wheel D keyed to shaft E in one direction, but clearing in the other, the movement
of the levers A and A¹ moving alternately, one set of rollers will always be in
operation rotating the shaft E in the same direction and through it the spindle, of
the governor F, by suitable gearing G, and on the pumps working at an excessive
speed the governor cuts off steam by closing a suitable throttle valve. Another
form of governor as shown in Fig 21 actuated by pressure from the pump barrel
consists of a bent tube A connected by suitable gear to the throttle valve of the
engine; this tube is in connection with chamber B which has 2 outlets C and C¹.
The valves C and C³ being so arranged that only one can rest on its seat at a time
cutting off its respective passage C C¹, but when in balance both passages are
open.
The passages C C¹ communicate with the ways E and E' through cock F and
the pipes G and G¹ to each end of the pumping barrel, the lever H being reciprocated
from the piston rod, the bent tube being thus in connection and moved by the
pressure from the pumping ends of barrel, the valves C2 and C³ preventing return
on suction side; a tube I may be used to compensate for any leakage through the
valves C and C³ or cock F.
The pipes from the end of the pumps may lead direct to the passages CC¹
suitable connections being provided so as to throw the governor out of gear when
starting. On any reduction of the pressure due to the column of water being
pumped, through loss of suction or bursting of the rising main, the same being
released in the bent tube, the throttle valve through its connection cuts off steam
from the main cylinder.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed We declare that what
We Claim is :-
1. A duplex pumping engine constructed, combined and arranged substantially

page_text: 2. In duplex pumping engines, the main and expansion valve gear as shown or
described.
3. In duplex pumping engines, the movement of the expansion valves F, F¹ from
the main valve A A₁ of its opposite cylinder substantially as set forth and shown
Figs 1 and 2 of the Drawings.
4. In direct acting engines, the combination of the main and expansion valves
and the mode of actuating the same, substantially as hereinbefore described and
shown Figs 5 to 14 inclusive.
5. In direct acting pumping Engines, the rod R moving through the trunnion M
and actuating the main and expansion valves substantially as described.
6. In direct acting engines, lifting the expansion valves (F) from their seats on
the main valves, (A) and thereby converting the engines into ordinary direct
acting engines substantially as described and shown Figs 2 & 5 of the Drawings.
7. In direct acting engines the use of the valve E (Sheet 3) for the purpose
described.
8. In direct acting engines the use of the passages E and E and the valves E³
and E3 (Figs 3 and 4) for the purpose set forth.
9. In direct acting engines the use of a condenser formed by a tube (A), passing
through the bed-plate, in combination with the increased cooling surface sub-
stantially as described and shown Figs 15, 16, 17 and 18 of the Drawings.
10. The use of governors as shown in Figs 19, 20, and 21 as applied to direct
acting pumping engines.
11. In duplex pumping engines, the outlets P and Q with the air vessel O, keeping
up the entrain of the column of water in motion, as set forth.
Dated this Second day of October 1884
SAMUEL GRAHAM BROWNE.
WILLIAM BOBY.