IMPROVEMENTS IN Loco- MOTIVES AND CARRIAGES TO BE DRAWN THEREBY, AND IN THE MODE OF INCREASING THE ADHESION TO THE WAYS OF THE WHEELS OF SUCH LOCOMOTIVES WHEN USED FOR DRAWING OTHER VEHICLES, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER PURPOSES."
Year: 1875

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to James Compton Merryweather and Henry Merry-
weather, both of the Firm of Merryweather and Sons, of Long Acre,
in the County of Middlesex, and Lambeth, in the County of Surrey,
and Christopher John Wallace Jakeman, of South Hackney, in the
County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN Loco-
MOTIVES AND CARRIAGES TO BE DRAWN THEREBY, AND IN THE MODE OF
INCREASING THE ADHESION TO THE WAYS OF THE WHEELS OF SUCH LOCOMOTIVES
WHEN USED FOR DRAWING OTHER VEHICLES, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS
ARE APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER PURPOSES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Compton Merry-
weather, Henry Merryweather, and Christopher John Wallace Jake-
man at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 24th April 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Compton Merry-
weather, Henry Merryweather, and Christopher John Wallace Jake-
man at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 24th April 1875.
WC, JAMES COMPTON MERRYWeather and HENRY MERRYWEATHER,
both of the Firm of Merryweather and Sons, of Long Acre, in the County

page_text: of Middlesex, and Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, and CHRISTOPHER
JOHN WALLACE JAKEMAN, of South Hackney, in the County of Middle-
sex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOCOMOTIVES AND CARRIAGES TO BE DRAWN THEREBY, AND IN THE MODE
OF INCREASING THE ADHESION TO THE WAYS OF THE WHEELS OF SUCH LOCOMOTIVES
WHEN USED FOR DRAWING OTHER VEHICLES, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
-
This Invention has for its object improvements in locomotives and
carriages to be drawn thereby, and in the mode of increasing the adhesion
to the ways of the wheels of such locomotives when used for drawing
other vehicles, parts of which improvements are applicable also to other
purposes, and relates in the first place to arrangements whereby the
exhaust steam from the propelling engines of the locomotives may be
disposed of without noise or visible vapour. For this purpose the
exhaust steam after leaving the cylinders of the engine is caused to pass
partly into a chamber situated at the base of the chimney, and having a
perforated top opening into or communicating with the chimney and
partly through a rose or nozzles arranged beneath the fire-grate, through
which the steam from such rose or nozzles is projected and caused to
pass through a deep firo, whereby the steam is partly decomposed and
partially consumed, the rest being so highly superheated as to be invisible
on leaving the chimney. A cock or valve is provided to regulate the
quantity of steam admitted below the fire-grate. The moro this is
closed the greater will be the pressure in the chamber, and consequently
the greater the draught through the fire. By opening or closing this cock
or valve the production of steam may be regulated to meet the require-
ments of the engine.
The steam may be projected through the fire in the form of one, two,
or more conical jets drawing in air; or the steam may be injected over
the fire, but we prefer passing it through the fire, as theroby its docom-
position is more completely effected, the fire-bars are cooled, and con-
siderable saving in fuel is effected.
In some cases we admit air over the fire-bars to assist the combustion
of the decomposed steam.
The chamber above referred to may be made of copper. The por-
forations or outlets at its upper part are of larger area than its steam

page_text: inlets, so that the steam in the chamber is expanded as well as heated
therein, and passes noiselessly and invisibly up the chimney.
In some cases the whole of the exhaust steam may be passed through
the fire.
The second part of the Invention relates to an improved arrangement,
of safety valve whereby the fire is automatically deadened when morc
steam is produced than is being used, and consists in providing the safety
valve with a prolonged outlet terminating in a downward direction within
the chimney in such manner that on the safety valve being opened by
excess of steam pressure within the builer the escaping steam shall bo
projected down the chimney on to the fire, whose surface will thereby be
deadened, thus checking the production of steam. As the excessive
production of steam will cease, and the valve will consequently close as
soon as the top of the fire has been cooled there will always be a
solid body of fire left, which will light up immediately the engine is
started.
The third part of our Invention relates to a mode of increasing the
adhesion to the rails or ways of the wheels of the locomotives when used
for drawing other vehicles, and consists in so arranging and connecting
the locomotive and the vehicle to be drawn as that a portion of the
weight of the vehicle to be drawn may be thrown upon the locomotive.
To this end the vehicle to be drawn next the locomotive is provided with
a part or parts projecting beyond the end of the vehicle and arranged to
be passed when required over a raising device or devices wholly or partly
interposed between the frame or other part of the locomotive and the
projecting part or parts of the vehicle to be drawn. The raising device
or devices may be carried by the locomotive or by the projecting part or
parts of the vehicle to be drawn.
One way in which we carry out this part of our Invention is as
follows:—We provide the vehicle that is to be drawn next to the loco-
motive with one or more bars of wood or metal arranged to slide in and
out as required at the respective ends of the vehicle from under the seats
or platform, the end or ends of such bar or bars when drawn out being
caused to rest upon a screw, wedge, cam, or equivalent contrivance on
the frame of the locomotive, whereby the bar or bars is or are raised,
thus lifting the wheels of one end of the drawn carriage off the rails

page_text: and throwing the weight of that end upon the locomotive, or in some
cases the weight of one end of the body of the drawn vehicle may be
thrown upon the locomotive without raising the wheels of the vehicle.
These arrangements are capable of being adapted to existing cars, and
the bars being arranged to slide through the carriage they may be used
at either end of it.
Carriages designed to be used with separate locomotives we provide
with strong platforms, under which the platform of the locomotive runs,
so as to carry part of tho weight, as in the arrangement above described.
For the same purpose the platforms of existing carriages may bo
strongthened.
The first and second parts of our Invention are applicable to engines
and boilers intended for other purposes than tramway locomotives, and
the third part of our Invention may be applied to tram locomotives
worked otherwise than by steam, and to any engine drawing another
vehicle whore more adhesion is required than given by the engine.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Compton Merryweather, Henry Morry-
weather, and Christopher John Wallace Jakeman in the Great Scal
Patent Office on the 23rd October 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc, JAMES
COMPTON MERRYWEATHER and HENKY MERRYWEATHER, both of the
Firm of Merryweather and Sons, of Long Acre, in the County of Middle-
sex, and Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, and CHRISTOPHER JOHN
WALLACE JAKEMAN, of South Hackney, in the County of Middlesex,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of April, in tho
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in
the thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto us, the said James Compton Merry-
weather, Henry Merryweather, and Christopher John Wallace Jakeman,

page_text: Her special license that we, the said James Compton Merryweather,
Henry Merryweather, and Christopher John Wallace Jakeman, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
James Compton Merryweather, Henry Merryweather, and Christopher
John Wallace Jakeman, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVES AND CARRIAGES
TO BE DRAWN THEREBY, AND IN THE MODE OF INCREASING THE ADHESION TO THE
WAYS OF THE WHEELS OF SUCH LOCOMOTIVES WHEN USED FOR DRAWING OTHER
VEHICLES, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER PUR-
POSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said James
Compton Merryweather, Henry Merryweather, and Christopher John
Wallace Jakeman, our exccutors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under our or their hands and seals, or under the hand and
seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Henry Merryweather and
Christopher John Wallace Jakeman, on behalf of the said James
Compton Merryweather and for ourselves, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, and the Sheet of Drawings therein referred
to (that is to say): 1-
This Invention has for its object improvements in locomotives and
carriages to be drawn thereby, and in the mode of increasing the
adhesion to the ways of the wheels of such locomotives when used for
drawing other vehicles, parts of which improvements are applicable also
to other purposes, and relates in the first place to arrangements whereby
the exhaust steam from the propelling engines of the locomotives may
be disposed of without noise or visible vapour. For this purpose the

page_text: close as soon as the top of the fire has been cooled, there will always be
a solid body of fire left, which will light up immediately the engine is
started.
The third part of our Invention relates to a mode of increasing the
adhesion to the rails or ways of the wheels of the locomotives when used
for drawing other vehicles constructed to be capable of running inde-
pendently, and consists in so arranging and connecting the locomotive
and the independent vehicle to be drawn as that a portion of the weight
of the vehicle to be drawn may be thrown upon the locomotive when it
is desired to increase the adhesion of the wheels of the latter, but that
when the locomotive and the other vehicle are disconnected each shall
form a complete and independent vehicle, which may be separately run,
and either end of which may at any moment be coupled to either end of
the locomotive in such manner as to increase the adhesion as aforesaid.
To this end the vehicle to be drawn next the locomotive is constructed
after the manner of an ordinary tram car with four or more wheels, and
is provided with a part or parts projecting beyond the end of the vehicle,
and arranged to be passed when required over a raising device or devices
wholly or partly interposed between the frame or other part of the loco-
motive and the projecting part or parts of the vehicle to be drawn.
The raising device or devices may be carried by the locomotive or by the
projecting part or parts of the vehicle to be drawn, and the positions on
the locomotive and carriage of the raising apparatus and projecting parts
resting thereon may be varied to suit circumstances.
One way in which we carry out this part of our Invention is as
follows: We provide the vehicle that is to be drawn next to the loco-
motive with one or more bars of wood or metal arranged to slide in and
out as required at the respective ends of the vehicle from under the seats
or platform, the end or ends of such bar or bars when drawn out being
caused to rest upon a screw, wedge, cam, or equivalent contrivance on
the frame of the locomotive, whereby the bar or bars is or are raised,
thus lifting the wheels of one end of the drawn carriage off the rails and
throwing the weight of that end upon the locomotive, or in some cases
the weight of one end of the body of the drawn vehicle may be thrown
the locomotive without raising the wheels of the vehicle.
upon
These arrangements are capable of being adapted to existing cars, and

page_text: the bars being arranged to slide through the carriage they may be used
at either end of it.
Carriages designed to be used with soparate locomotives we provide
with strong platforms, under which the platform of the locomotive runs,
so as to carry part of the weight, as in the arrangement above described.
For the same purpose the platforms of existing carriages may be
strengthened.
The first and second parts of our Invention are applicable to engines
and boilers intended for other purposes than tramway locomotives, and
the third part of our Invention may be applied to tram locomotives
worked otherwise than by steam, and to any engine drawing another
vehicle where more adhesion is required than given by the weight of the
engine alone.
Such being the nature of our Invention, we now proceed to describe
the manner in which we carry it into practical effect, as illustrated in
the accompanying Drawings, promising that we do not confine ourselves
to the precise arrangements shewn in the Drawings, as they may be
modified to suit circumstances without departing from the distinctive
character of our Invention.
Fig. 1 is a transverse vertical section (in the lino A, B, of Fig. 2) of 1
a locomotive embodying our improvements.
Fig. 2 is a side elovation to a reduced scale of the same engine
having an ordinary tram car attached to it in accordance with that part
of our Invention which has for its object to increase the adhesion of the
locomotive wheels on the ways.
The boiler of the engine here illustrated is one of the kind now well
known as the "Field" boiler, being constructed with pendent water
tubes, but it will be obvious that the first and second parts of our
Invention are equally applicable to boilers of other constructions.
a are the exhaust pipes leading from the cylinders of the engine; 6 is 3
the chamber through which a portion of the exhaust steam is caused to
pass, such steam being conducted into the said chamber by the pipes g;
c, c, are the cocks for regulating the distribution of the exhaust steam.
The more these cocks are opened the greater will be the proportion of
steam escaping by the nozzles d and passing through the grate f and 8

page_text: fire, and the smaller will be the proportion of exhaust steam passing by
the pipes g through the chamber 6; e is the ash pan, h is the lever for
working the cocks c, i is the safety valve, and j is its prolonged outlet,
terminating in a downward direction in the chimney of the boiler. In
some cases we place a rose on the outlet ; to distribute the steam. kis
an ordinary tram car fitted with bars 7 sliding between rollers m; n, n, are
screws for setting up the ends of the sliding bars 1, and are actuated by
the bevilled wheels o and the shaft p, the end of which is made square
to receive a lever or key for turning the shaft.
Fig. 3 shews a modified arrangement of the first part of our Invention
applied to an ordinary vertical boiler. In this arrangement a rose q is
substituted for the nozzles d, shewn in Fig. 1, and one cock c is pro-
vided. The arrangement in other respects resembles the previous one,
and will be readily understood from the Drawings, the parts being
similarly lettered.
Fig. 4 is a longitudinal vertical section of a horizontal locomotive
boiler with the first part of our Invention applied to it. In this case a
perforated tube is substituted for the rose and nozzles of previous
arrangements.
Fig. 5 shews in side elevation a locomotive and tram car connected
together so as to increase the adhesion of the engine wheels according to
the third part of our Invention, but in a manner somewhat differing
from the arrangement shewn in Figs. 1 and 2. In this arrangement
instead of using sliding bars the platform s is made to serve the same
purpose. It is made strong enough to support the end of the car, and
is placed in position for use by being run over the platform t of the
engine u, where it is secured and set up by a single screw v, worked
through a ratchet w by a lever inserted in the hole x.
In some cases we fix two or more rollers in the platform t of the
locomotive to facilitate the radial motion when going round curves.
As the locomotive and car are provided with similar arrangements at
both their ends the locomotive may be used to draw the car in either
direction.
Existing cars can have their platforms strengthened to adapt them to

page_text: The chimney y of the engine is turned in a horizontal direction, and
enters the wide mouth z¹ of a tube z passing along the carriage roof
under the seat. By this arrangement we obviate the use of a tall
chimney, which would be necessary to guard against inconvenience to
outside passengers from the heated air escaping from the chimney.
The arrangement of the locomotive with a carriage body, within which
tho boiler and engine are enclosed as shown, prevents the frightening of
horses or other animals.
Having described the nature of our said Invention, and explained the
manner of carrying the samo into practical effect, we hereby declare that
what we consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the
Invention secured to us by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is,―
First. The method of disposing of the exhaust steam from engines
by projecting such steam through the fire as above described.
Secondly. The combination with the exhaust steam pipes a of an
engine of the chamber b, pipes g, cocks c, and nozzles d, arranged in
relation to the grate f and the chimney of the boiler, substantially as
hercin-before described with reference to Fig. 1 for the purpose
specified.
Thirdly. In connection with the exhaust pipe a of an engine we claim
the combination of a chamber 6 opening into the chimney, with a roso q
arranged beneath the fire-grate so that exhaust steam may be caused to
pass partly through the chamber 6 up the chimney, and partly through
the rosc q, and through the fire, substantially as herein-before described
with reference to Fig. 3 for the purpose specified.
b
Fourthly. The method herein-before described of utilizing the steam
escaping from the safety valve to damp the fire when blowing off, and
thus to check the excessive production of steam.
Fifthly. The method herein-before described of arranging and coupling
together a locomotive and an ordinary tram car for the purpose
specified.
Sixthly. The arrangement of parts shewn in and described with
T

page_text: portion of the weight of a carriage to be thrown upon the loco-
motive by which the said carriage is to be drawn.
Seventhly. The arrangement of parts shewn in and described with
reference to Fig. 5 of the accompanying Drawings for enabling a portion
of the weight of a carriage / to be thrown upon the locomotive u by
which the carriage is to be drawn.
In witness whereof, we, the said Henry Merryweather and Chris-
topher John Wallace Jakeman, have hereunto set our hands and
scals, this Twenty-second day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.
HENRY MERRYWEATHER. (L.S.)
C. J. W. JAKEMAN.
(L.S.)