IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINES FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, SUCH MACHINES BEING OF THE KINDS COMMONLY KNOWN AS MULES. AND TWINERS, OR DOUBLERS, AND IN THE MEANS OF WEIGHTING ROLLERS IN THE SAME AND OTHER MACHINERY
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robertson, of the City of Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Mechanician, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINES FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES, SUCH MACHINES BEING OF THE KINDS COMMONLY KNOWN AS MULES.
AND TWINERS, OR DOUBLERS, AND IN THE MEANS OF WEIGHTING ROLLERS IN THE
SAME AND OTHER MACHINERY."
Sealed the 30th December 1856, and dated the 9th July 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robertson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th July 1856.
I, WILLIAM ROBERTSON, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Mechanician, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, SUCH MACHINES BEING OF THE KINDS COMMONLY KNOWN AS
MULES AND TWINERS, OR DOUBLERS, AND IN THE MEANS OF WEIGHTING ROLLERS IN
THE SAME AND OTHER MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist, first, in the mode of accomplishing the operation
of backing off the yarn from the spindles of the mule, twiner, or doubler.
When the strap is being traversed from the pulley, which turns the spindles,
one-half of a friction box fixed on the tin roller shaft is put into contact with

page_text: the other half, which receives from the rim band motion in a contrary direction
to that for twisting and winding on, and during the backing off this band
receives its power partly from the pulley while the strap is being traversed, and
partly from the momentum of the rim shaft pullies, the tin roller pulley, and
the carriers that connect them. The tin roller pulley is disconnected from the
tin roller shaft while this operation is being performed.
Secondly, in another mode of accomplishing the said operation of backing off
the yarn from the spindles, but which is applicable only to self-acting machines
of the kinds aforesaid. When the strap is shifted from the pulley which drives
the spindles, one-half of a friction box, having a boss on it, is brought into
contact with the other half, which is connected with the rim shaft on the
headstock, or with the tin roller shaft on the carriage. The pressure on the
friction box is adjusted to the power of a spring, which extends by means of
a cord or chain fastened at one end to the boss of the friction box, then passed
over a pulley, and attached at the other end to the spring. The cord or chain
is coiled round the boss by the momentum of the rim shaft, tin roller shaft, and
spindles, which carries on for a sufficient time the revolution of the shaft and
attached part of the friction box. To the pulley is attached a ratchet wheel,
and a catch is fitted to take into its teeth when the spring is being extended,
so that the pulley being made stationary, the increased friction of the cord
against it offers additional resistance to the continued motion of the spindles
beyond what the spring itself could furnish. When the spindles have stopped,
the extended spring in contracting uncoils the cord from the boss of the friction
box, and thereby turns the rim shaft or tin roller shaft, and through it reverses
the motion of the spindles. I am aware that the action of a spring for effecting
the backing off has been before employed, and I do not therefore lay any claim
to the same, except in the particular method and combination of parts, which
I have described; instead of a spring a weight may be employed to accomplish
the same object.
Thirdly, in a new arrangement of the parts of the builder, by which the cop
point may be lengthened or shortened, while the inclined plane, by which the
conical form of the point of the cop is generated, remains fixed. This is
accomplished by making the axis of the builder screw the centre of vibration
for the copping motion, and by making the shaper plate rest on a tongue
which projects from the nut on the screw, and at right angles to its axis. The
shaper plate will be parallel with the screw, except at those parts where it is
desired to shorten the cop point, at which parts it will diverge from the parallel
line and approach nearer to the centre of the screw, when a smaller amount of
vibration will be imparted to the shaper plate.

page_text: Fourthly, in an improved method of governing the descent and rise of the
fallers. On the tin roller shaft is fixed a friction catch box, the loose half of
which is furnished with a groove to receive a small friction cord, the ends of
which are fastened to a pulley on the faller shaft. When the tin roller is
reversed the friction box is put in contact, when this cord will govern the descent
of the fallers, and when the carriage reaches the roller beam the cord will, so
soon as the faller is liberated from the builder, govern its rise up to its resting
place, when the pressure may be relieved as seems suitable by withdrawing the
friction box from contact.
Fifthly, in an improved method of producing and regulating the gain of
motion in the carriage of the mule during its outward run, and of effecting the
after draught. The band which takes the carriage out is arranged round a
series of pulleys in such a manner that motive power may be applied at the
same time to the cord at two points by two of the pulleys (which may be termed
the movers of the carriage) in such directions and at such velocities respec-
tively as may be required, by means of which the gain of the carriage may be
capable of more delicate adjustment, and the wheelwork attached to the
principal mover of the carriage out may always be retained in geer with the
rollers, and its motion may be determinate, while the other mover will admit
of imparting any less or additional movement to the carriage as may accom-
plish the after draught. This arrangement may also allow the carriage to move
at a uniform pace with the rollers until the carriage has approached the other
end of the stretch, when by imparting to it a slight additional gain the yarn
may be made more level. The same method may be applied to twiners or
doublers for regulating the yield or loss of motion of the carriage in those
machines during the outward run.
Sixthly, in the combination of the first of my improvements, already men-
tioned, with the use of the well-known contrivance called the "jack-in-the-
box," by which the carriage may be brought in and the spindles partially
turned, uninterrupted motion being imparted to the rim band for this purpose.
The carrier shaft, through which the rim band turns the spindles during the
backing off, also carries the jack-in-the-box, the centre part of the jack being
fast to it, the intermediate part of the jack being connected with the tin
roller by means of a strap and a fast and loose pulley, the strap being on the
fast pulley while the carriage goes in, and on the loose one when it comes out.
The outer part of the jack has the barrel or seroll fastened to it, by which the
carriage is taken in.
Seventhly, in the combination of my said first improvement, with the scroll

page_text: commonly used, and which is connected with the carrier shaft by means of a
disengaging catch box, for the purpose of drawing the carriage in.
Eighthly, in connecting the scroll band used in drawing out the carriage by
geering with the tin roller shaft, the shaft which carries the scroll or barrel
being mounted on the carriage square for that purpose.
Ninthly, in moving the delivering rollers by a slipping friction cord always
moving faster than the velocity required for delivering, the speed being regu-
lated by means of a rack, which is moved by a pinion on the roller, so as to
follow and be kept in contact with the carriage, by which its progress is limited,
and the revolution of the pinion and the rollers thereby kept at a proper speed.
The progress of the rack may be stopped whenever the delivering from the
rollers is required to cease by means of a fixed stop. The gain or yield of the
carriage may be regulated by the same apparatus.
Tenthly, in the means of weighting the delivering rollers of mules. The
roller beam may be constructed so as to form three sides of a parallelogram
(which is the form I prefer, though I do not confine myself thereto), the fourth
and lowermost side of which is formed of an elastic substance fixed to the two
vertical sides, so as to be perfectly water-tight, thus making the roller beam a
tube, having the bottom elastic. The weight hooks are furnished with plates,
upon which the elastic side of this tube presses, the elasticity being sufficient
to admit of the hooks being easily taken off. The amount of pressure may be
adjusted either by the head of water or by the extent of the surfaces of the
plates on the end of the hooks. The head of water may be made adjustable
either by making the head pipe of an elastic substance or making a joint so
that an inflexible pipe may be brought nearer to a vertical or to a horizontal
position, by which means the pressure may be reduced or removed at will.
The beam may be also made, when so required, in two or more divisions. This
mode of weighting rollers is also applicable to all machines in which are used
rollers which require weighting or pressure.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Robertson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
9th January 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
ROBERTSON, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Mecha-
nician, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of July, One thousand eight hundred and
fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said William Robertson, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, Her especial license that I, the said William
Robertson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said William Robertson, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, SUCH MACHINES BEING OF THE KINDS COMMONLY KNOWN AS
MULES AND TWINERS, OR DOUBLERS, AND IN THE MEANS OF WEIGHTING ROLLERS IN
THE SAME AND OTHER MACHINERY," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said William Robertson, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Robertson, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement and description, reference
being had to the accompanying Drawings on four sheets.
My said improvements consist, first, in the mode of accomplishing the
operation of backing off the yarn from the spindles of machines, known as the
mule twiner or doubler.
Secondly, in another mode of accomplishing the said operation of backing
off the yarn from the spindles, but which is applicable only to self-acting
machines of the kinds aforesaid.
Thirdly, in a new arrangement of the parts of the builder, by which the cop
point may be lengthened or shortened, while the inclined plane by which the
conical form of the point of the cop is generated remains fixed.
Fourthly, in an improved method of governing the descent and rise of the
fallers..
Fifthly, in an improved method of producing and regulating the gain of
motion in the carriage of the mule during its outward run, and of effecting the
after-draught.

page_text: Sixthly, in the combination of the first of my improvements already men-
tioned, with the use of the well-known contrivance called the "jack in the
box," by which the carriage may be brought in and the spindles partially
turned, uninterrupted motion being imparted to the band for this purpose.
Seventhly, in the combination of my said first improvement with the scroll
commonly used, and which is connected with the carrier shaft by means of
a disengaging catch box, for the purpose of drawing the carriage in.
Eighthly, in connecting the scroll band used in drawing out the carriage
by geering with the tin roller shaft, the shaft which carries the scroll or barrel
being mounted on the carriage square for that purpose.
Ninthly, in moving the delivering rollers by a slipping friction cord always
moving faster than the velocity required for delivering.
Tenthly, in the means of weighting the delivering rollers of mules, and
which are also applicable to all machines in which are used rollers which
require weighting or pressure.
In the following description and in the Drawings, the same letters and
numbers of reference are used to indicate the same or corresponding parts
in all the Figures in which they occur. The scales to which the Figures are
drawn are stated on the Drawings.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a front elevation, Figure 2 a plan, and Figure 3 an end
elevation, of part of a mule carriage with some of my improvements attached.
Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 represent
detached portions of my improvements.
I now proceed to describe my said improvements, and shall for convenience
do so in reference to the machine known as the mule; the requisite altera-
tions for adapting the same to the other machines to which the same are
applicable will be obvious to and readily effected by any competent mechanic
conversant with such machinery. The parts of mechanism relating to the first,
third, fourth, and sixth of my said improvements being closely connected, and
in some respects the same, it will be convenient to describe the same in
connection, which I shall proceed to do accordingly.
The carriage is marked A, and the tin roller shaft B, fast on which is the
double friction cone B', and loose on the same shaft are the tin roller pulley B²
and strap pulley B. To the pulley B is cast or attached the recessed friction
cone B³, and to the pulley B* the recessed friction cone B³. The pulleys B³
and B being loose on the shaft, the recessed cones B³ and B are capable,
when required, of being put into and out of contact with the sides nearest them

page_text: of the double cone B¹, and which is effected by means of the forks 1 and 2.
which pass into grooves cut in the bosses of these pulleys. Each of these
forks has a boss attached to it at right angles, that attached to the fork 1
being fitted to slide on the shaft F, and that of the fork 2 to slide on the
exterior of the boss of the fork 1. The fork 1 takes into the groove cut in
the boss of the pulley B, and the fork 2 into that in the boss of the pulley B*.
The pinion B is fast on the boss of the pulley B³. The pulley B' is fast,
and the pulley B³, loose on the shaft B. On the boss of the pulley B³ (see
elevation, Figure 4, and section, Figure 5) is fastened the boss of the arm a¹ on
a stud, in which is the pinion a, geering with the internal teeth of the wheel B°
(which is loose on the boss of the arm a¹), and with the internal teeth of the
wheel B10, which is loose on the shaft B. The wheel B10 has one internal
tooth less than B, so that by the revolution within them of the pinion a, the
one will advance a tooth past the other on each revolution of the arm, which
will cause the wheel B, when it revolves, to do so in the direction of the tin
roller, and B in the opposite. The wheel B' has external as well as internal
teeth all round; the wheel B, on the contrary, has only one ratchet tooth
cut in its periphery. The catch a² (best seen in Figure 4) is double, and
vibrates on a stud in the fixing a, attached to the back of the carriage. The
lower catch takes into the ratchet tooth in the wheel B10, and the upper one
into some one of the teeth in the wheel B°. The upper part of the catch being
the heaviest, it endeavours to drop out of the tooth of the wheel B', and drop
into the tooth in the periphery of the wheel B1, which it does, when, by the
revolution of that wheel, the tooth comes opposite to the catch. Until this
takes place, the lower catch bears against the periphery of the wheel B10, and
the catches are so formed, that while the lower one so bears, it holds the
upper one in the tooth of the wheel B, in which it had previously entered.
To a stud rivetted in the catch a is attached the rod a³, which at its lower
end slides in and is stayed by an arm of the fixing a. On the boss of the
wheel B is the adjustable cam B". Bolted to the carriage is the frame C,
to which are attached the bearings C, which support the shaft D. The rim
band E passes over the pulleys B and D', and, through the pulley B³, causes
motion, when required, to be given to the tin roller shaft B, and through the
tin roller to the spindles in the usual way; and through the pulley D' to the
5 shaft D, on which it is fastened, and the strap pulley D2, also fast on the same
shaft. The cross strap E¹ passes over the pulley D³ and B*, and causes motion
to be communicated from the former to the latter. The central pinion D³ of
the jack-in-the-box motion, seen in Figure 7, is fast on the shaft D; the
intermediate pinions D and D are carried loose in sockets in the pulley D',

page_text: On
which pulley and the internal wheel D°, are both loose on the shaft D.
the boss of the wheel D are fastened the wheel G and snail wheels G' and G
which geer with the rack G³, fastened to the floor, see Figures 11 and 12.
The rack G³ is formed of three pieces, one of which is straight, with which
the wheel G geers, the others are inclined to meet the curves of the snails.
The pulley D is connected with the fast and loose pulleys B and B by
means of the strap Ds, which in the Drawings, Figures 1 and 2, is shewn on the
loose pulley B. The shaft F is supported by bearings attached to the carriage
ends; fast on it are the boss F', catch wheels F, F, and F, and cams F3, F³,
and F, and loose on it is the boss of the fork 1. Loose on the boss F¹ is the
dish wheel F, which geers with and is driven by the pinion B; and at the
end of the boss next to the fork 1 it has an arm cast on or attached to it,
into which are fastened two studs. The cord O' is fastened at one end to one
of these studs, from which it passes round the grooved pulley O2, cast on the
dish wheel F, and is fastened at its other end to an adjusting screw in the
other stud, and by which the tension of the cord may be regulated. In the arm
of the boss F are the projections e and e¹ (best seen in Figure 8), and to the
cam F is fastened the piece e². The ends of the bosses of the forks 1 and 2,
against which the projections e and e² act, are cam-shaped, and must be so
formed that the projection e will when required act against the boss of the
fork 1, and cause it to slide sufficiently to put the friction cones B' and B' into
contact, and that the projection e¹ will, when required, act against the boss of
the fork 2, and cause it to slide sufficiently to take the friction cones B³ and
B' out of contact. The end of the boss of the fork 2, against which the pro-
jection e acts, is also cam-shaped, and must be so formed that the projection
when required will cause it to slide sufficiently to put the friction cones B5
and B' into contact, and the cam F³ must be so formed that by acting against
the pin O in the end next it of the boss of the fork 1, it will cause it to slide
sufficiently to take the friction cones B³ and B¹ out of contact. It will thus be
seen that the forks 1 and 2 are caused to slide back and forth as required in the
one direction, by the projections e and e¹ acting against the ends of the bosses,
and in the reverse direction by the cam F³ and piece e² acting against the opposite
ends of the bosses; and it will also be obvious that the cam F³ and cam ends
of the bosses must not only be so formed as to allow the requisite traverse to
be given at the end acted upon, as above described, but also to allow of the
reverse action being given from the opposite end. The catch lever c is
mounted on a stud in the frame C. At its upper end is a catch, pressed by a
spiral spring against the catch wheel F, the catch on which is brought into
contact with the catch on the lever by the rotation of the shaft F, and detains

page_text: The
that shaft until the catch on the lever is moved away at the completion of the
operation of twisting by the action of the cam B, when the shaft F will be
turned until again detained by the catch lever c³ and catch wheel F. The
cord H passes over and forms a connection between the pulleys H' fast on the
tin roller shaft, and H' on the faller shaft Hs, and has a tendency to move the
faller in the direction of the tin roller. In the pulley H is a curved slot
through which the counter faller shaft passes, and to this pulley is fastened
the faller finger H'. On the faller shaft is fixed the lever H, through a slot
in which the stud i passes, on which is the lever H, in which near the bottom
is a notch. This notch must be so placed and formed that when the lever is
raised by the depression of the faller it will rest on the top of the plate 3,
fastened on the builder shaft H. This shaft, at its upper end, passes
through a hole in the bracket I, bolted to the faller fixing, and is supported
thereby this shaft at its lower end is attached to the shaper plate I'. This
plate is formed with a piece or slide on each end, which pieces are fitted to
slide easily between the arms of the builder frame 12. In each slide of the
plate is a slot, through one of which the stud 4 passes, and through the
other the stud 5. These studs are used to keep the plate in its proper posi-
tion. The builder frame I has a boss at each end; these bosses are supported
by and vibrate in bearings formed in the bracket I³, see Figure 11.
builder screw I passes through the bosses of the builder frame I, and moves
with it, except so far as it is prevented by the catch 8, as herein-after
described. The builder screw is parallel with the line of the studs 4 and 5,
by which the shaper plate is guided. The nut 6, on the builder screw I*, is
furnished with a projecting tongue, on which the shaper plate I' rests, and by
means of which, whatever vibration is imparted to the builder arms, is pro-
portionally communicated to the shaper plate. If the part of the shaper plate
which rests on the tongue of the nut 6 is parallel to the axis of the builder
screw, this action will be uniform throughout the entire set; but if, as shewn
in the plan, Figure 2, an incline 7 is attached, advancing nearer the axis of
the screw, which is the centre of vibration, then a smaller amount of vibration
in proportion will be communicated. The incline 7 is applied to produce a
shorter chace in starting at the bottom of the set, at which time the
tongue of the nut 6 is traversed to the end of the builder screw under the part
of the incline 7, which approaches nearest to the screw, when the least amount
of vibration will be communicated to the shaper plate, but which, by the
gradual traversing of the nut on the builder screw, will gradually be increased.
The catch 8 is mounted on the moveable lever 9, fitted on a stud in the
bracket 1. When the end of the builder frame is raised, a tooth of the

page_text: The
ratchet wheel 3, fast on the builder screw I, comes against the catch 8, which
causes the wheel and screw to be moved one tooth or more, and will cause the
nut 6 to be traversed on the builder screw I* towards the ratchet wheel.
amount of motion to be given to the builder screw, as is well known, requires
to be varied to suit the counts of yarn being spun, and which may be accom-
plished in the ordinary way by varying the number of teeth in the ratchet
wheel, or by causing the catch to move the ratchet wheel more than one
tooth at each stretch. On a stud in the builder arm is the antifriction roller
k, which rests on the fixed inclined plane 15, which is so formed as to produce
the form of cone or chase it is desired to give to the cop. It is mounted on
the brackets I and I', fastened to the floor. The bracket I8 is bolted to the
carriage end. On a stud in this bracket is mounted the catch lever c'; the
catch at its upper end is held against the catch wheel F by means of the
spiral spring I°. The rod I passes through a hole in the carriage front, and
in the bracket 13, on a stud, near one end of which is the flanged antifriction
roller. The other end of this rod is screwed, and has on it a nut, in the
long part of which is a slot, through which one end of the stud P, attached to
the lower end of the catch lever c¹, passes, by which means the stud becomes
a support for that end of the rod. On the rod is fixed a collar, to which one
end of the spring 1" is attached, the other end of which is attached to the
back of the carriage. The force of the spring I" is continually exerted to
draw the rod I in the direction of the arrow, and through the antifriction
roller, the lever Hs. The rod I must be of such length that the end of it
will be in contact with the stud 1, when the antifriction roller at its other
end is, by the spring I", drawn against the lever H'; through which means,
when the lever II is raised sufficiently high to bring the notched part of it
above the top of the plate 3, the spring I will draw the rod, which, through
the antifriction roller, will draw the notched part of the lever H³ over the
plate 3, and the end of the rod which bears against the stud will force
it, and with it the bottom end of the lever c', and so relieve the catch
wheel F, and allow the shaft F to turn until detained by the end of
the catch lever c³ (mounted on a stud in the carriage end) coming in
contact with the catch on the catch wheel F, against which it presses by
the weight of its opposite end. The cam F' is set over the top of the
rod h, and is so formed as to keep it down during the outward run-of
the carriage, and also during the backing off. The upper end of the rod h
passes through a hole in the bracket h, bolted to the carriage end. At its
lower end this rod is attached to the bell-crank lever h³, which is mounted
on a stud in the bracket he, bolted to the carriage end. To the lower arm of

page_text: the bell-crank lever is attached one end of the rod h³, which, near its other
end, passes through a hole in the catch lever c, and is supported by it. On
this rod is the strap fork h, used for traversing the strap D³. The spring h¹ is
at one end attached to the lever c, and at the other to the lower arm of the
bell-crank lever h³, which it endeavours to pull, and thereby causes the strap
fork to draw the strap on to the pulley B'. The cam F is similar in form,
and acts simultaneously with the cam F', already described. It is pressed
against by the catch lever c³, mounted on a stud in the carriage end, and
having a catch on it, so placed as to take into a tooth of the ratchet wheel G30,
into which it is drawn, and held by the spring G* until the power of the spring
is overcome, and the catch withdrawn by the cam F. The ratchet wheel G80
is cast with the bevil L part of a "jack-in-the-box" movement. The barrel
L' is fitted loose on the tin roller shaft B, and carries the arms L2 of the "jack-
in-the-box"; on these arms the pinion L³ is fitted, being geered on one side
with the pinion L, and on the other with the pinion L³, fast on the tin roller
shaft, and through which the proper motion for winding on is imparted to
the tin roller and spindles. This motion is obtained by means of the cord L
and the radial arm L7, the cord Le being fast at one end to the barrel L,
passed over the pulley L³ on this radial arm, and attached at its other end
to the headstock. The chain G is at one end attached to a stud in the
lever c², and at the other to the bolt in the collar G7, which fastens it on
the faller shaft. The chain Gs thus forms a connection between the lever ca
and the faller shaft, by which, when the faller is moved, the catch lever will
be liberated from the catch wheel Fo.
I will now proceed to explain the operation of the parts I have described,
and will suppose that the mule carriage is coming out, and the operation of
twisting is being performed, at which time the recessed cone B³ is in contact
with the double cone B³, and they revolve together and give motion to the tin
roller shaft, and thence to the spindles, in the usual way. The pinion Be also
gives motion to the dish wheel F, which in its turn gives a continued friction
to the cord o', and would thereby turn the shaft F, were that shaft not held
by the catch c, which rests in the catch wheel F2. The strap De gives motion
to the loose pulley Bs and pinion a (see Figures 4 and 5). The wheel B10
being held by the double catch a², the pinion a as it revolves gives motion
only to the wheel B, to the extent of one tooth for each entire revolution of
the arm which carries the pinion a, as before described. By the time the
carriage has nearly completed its outward run, the lower end of the rod a³,
attached to the catch a², comes in contact with the lower part of the inclined
plane a, fastened to the floor, in passing up which, by the time the carriage

page_text: +
has completed its outward run, the rod a³ will have been sufficiently raised to
have lifted up that end of the catch to which it is attached, so as to cause it
to take into a tooth of the wheel B, and at the same time to withdraw the
other end of the catch from the tooth of the wheel B. By this change the
revolution of the wheel B° will be stopped, and the wheel B being liberated,
it will revolve and take with it the cam B" and bring it against the catch c
and withdraw it from the catch wheel F2, thereby liberating the shaft F, and
allowing the cord o¹ to turn it, until its further progress is arrested by the
catch wheel F coming in contact with the catch c'. The cam F, and the
end of the boss of the fork 1, against which the pin e in the boss F¹ acts (as
herein-before stated), are so formed and placed that this partial revolution of
the shaft F will cause sufficient traverse to be given to the forks 1 and 2 to
take the friction cones B³ and B₁ out of contact, and to put the friction cones
B and B into contact. When this has taken place, a reverse or backward
motion will be imparted to the tin roller and spindles through the medium of
the band E, cross strap E¹, and connected parts, and the operation of backing
off will take place, which operation, being well known, need not further be
described.
In the ordinary arrangement of mules, when the carriage has come out,
and the operation of twisting has been performed, the driving strap is
traversed from the fast to the loose pulley, and a friction box is put into
contact, which causes a reverse motion to be imparted to the rim band and
various pulleys connected therewith; but before this reverse motion can be
imparted, it is requisite to overcome not only the momentum acquired by the
tin roller and spindles during the operation of twisting, but also that of the
various pulleys connected with the rim band, both on the headstock and on
the carriage; and in overcoming this momentum the rim band and parts con-
nected therewith undergo a great strain, which injures the band, and causes it
to wear out sooner than it otherwise would.
It will be seen that in my improved arrangement the momentum acquired
by the spindles, tin roller, and shaft alone has to be overcome, that of the
pulleys connected with the rim band being applied to form part of the power
requisite to give the reverse motion to the spindles while backing off, the
remainder of the power being supplied by the fast pulley during the time the
driving strap is being traversed from the fast to the loose pulley, thereby s
effecting a saving of power and diminishing the strain on the working parts.
The parts whose operation I have now described comprize those which relate
to the first of my said improvements; and I may here remark, that in the com-
bination of this first improvement with the "jack-in-the-box" motion, which

page_text: forms the sixth of my improvements, and in which constant motion is imparted
to the rim band from the rim shaft, the driving strap does not require to be
traversed from the fast to the loose pulley, whereby a further saving of power
is effected, the pullies connected with the rim band not requiring their mo-
mentum to be checked. When the reverse motion is given to the tin roller
for effecting the backing off, as herein-before described, the cord H acting on
the pulley H2 partially turns the faller shaft to depress the faller.
When the
faller shaft is turned, it raises the outer end of the lever H, which raises the
lever H; when this is raised high enough to bring the notched part of it above
the plate 3, against which the lever rests, the spring I", through the rod I¹º and
antifriction roller, will draw the notched part over the plate 3, and also cause
the other end of the rod to press the stud land move it and the lower end of
the lever c. This movement withdraws the catch at its upper end from the
catch in the wheel F, and thereby liberates the shaft F, which will again
receive motion from the cord o¹ and revolve until its further progress is again
arrested by the catch wheel Fe coming in contact with the catch c. During
this partial revolution of the shaft F, the projection e' will act against the boss
of the fork 2, and give it sufficient traverse to take the friction cones B³ and B'
out of contact. When this has taken place, motion will cease to be com-
municated to the tin roller from either of the recessed friction cones B³ and B,
and the pullies B and B will rotate loosely on the tin roller shaft. The
cam F', which during the operation of twisting and backing off prevented the
spring h¹ from acting by this partial revolution of the shaft F, permits the
spring to draw the lower arm of the bell crank h³, and thereby raise the rod h,
and at the same time draw the rod h³ and strap fork h*, and so to place the
strap Ds on the fast pulley B'. When this strap has been traversed on to the
fast pulley, the resistance of the tin roller and spindles detains the pulley D',
which carries the intermediate pinions D* and D³, and by this detention, power,
equivalent to the amount of such resistance, is communicated to the internal
wheel D, and is expended in taking in the carriage, the resistance of which
in like manner detains the wheel D, and power equivalent to its amount is
simultaneously communicated to the spindles, the motion in inverse proportion
to the amount of the resistance in each case being imparted respectively to the
carriage and to the spindles. In practice the greater resistance is found in
the spindles, and to make up what the carriage is deficient in supplying, the
well-known contrivance of the varying radial arm L' is applied, but which, on
account of the very near approach to a balance which the carriage and spindles,
make to each other, requires considerably less power than is commonly needed
to accomplish its end. The carriage is taken in by means of the wheel G

page_text: and snail wheels G' and G2, which take into the rack G, as herein-before
described. The snail wheel G2 at its smallest diameter takes first into the
rack, and thus imparts motion more gradually to the carriage, a point which is
also gained by the gradual traversing of the strap Ds. When the carriage has
nearly reached the roller beam, the inclined plane near the bottom of the
lever H³ strikes against the end of the adjustable fixing n, by which the notch
in the lever H5 is displaced from the plate 3, and the cord H will, through the
pulley H, raise the faller up to its resting. When the faller is raised, the
collar G', fixed on the faller shaft, is partially turned, and with it the bolt to
which the chain G is attached, by which the end of the catch lever c will be
raised; this will depress the other end of the lever and withdraw it from the
catch wheel F, leaving the shaft F again at liberty to receive motion from the
cord o¹ until the same is again stopped by the catch c taking hold of the catch
wheel F. This further partial revolution of the shaft F will cause the pro-
jection e to act on the end of the boss of the fork 1, and cause it to put the
friction cones B and B¹ into contact, when motion will thereby again be com-
municated to the tin roller, and the shaft F will have made one revolution, and
be in the same position in which I first herein-before described it. During
the time of this partial revolution of the shaft F, the cam F' will again press
down the rod h, overcoming the power of the spring h', and cause the bell-
crank lever h², rod hs,. and strap fork h' to traverse the strap Ds back from
the fast pulley B7 to the loose pulley B. Motion is given to the wheel B
from the time the catch a² takes into and holds the wheel B, until by its
revolution the ratchet tooth in it comes opposite the lowest of the catches in a³,
when that catch will drop into the tooth and prevent the further revolution of
the wheel B, and motion will be again communicated to the wheel B. On
the tin roller shaft B is fastened the recessed cone S, and loose thereon is the
cone S¹, on the back of which is fastened the pulley H', which by the cord H
communicates with the pulley H on the faller shaft H³, see Figures 9 and 10.
The diagonal shaft H0 is supported at its upper end by a bearing attached to
one of the faller shaft fixings, and at the other by a bearing attached to the
upper rail at the back of the carriage. Near the bottom of the shaft H is
fastened the fork lever H", which takes into a groove cut in the boss of the
pulley H. The lever weight H is fast on the shaft H, and endeavours to
turn it, and with it the lever H¹, fastened on it, and causes the lever II¹ to
bear against the cam H¹³ fast on the faller shaft. As the carriage approaches
near the termination of its outward run, the faller finger H' comes in contact
with a fixing, not shewn in the Drawing, placed on the headstock, so formed
as to depress the finger and cause it to turn the faller shaft and cam II¹³ suf-

page_text: iciently to allow the end of the lever H to pass it; and so soon as the lever H13
s at liberty, the weight H" turns the shaft H, and causes the fork lever H"
o put the cones S and S' into contact, when the pulley H' will receive motion
rom the tin' roller shaft, and the cord H will act upon the pulley H² and
depress the faller during the operation of backing off, and when the carriage
reaches the roller beam, will raise the same as herein-before described. As
the faller is raised, the cam II comes against the lever H and takes it with
it, and thereby turns the shaft H10 and causes the fork lever H" to take the
cones S and S¹ out of contact, and motion ceases to be communicated to the
pulley H' and cord H until the cones are again subsequently put into contact.
From the foregoing description of the parts of the builder, which relate to
the third of my improvements, it will be seen that the inclined plane 1', by
which the cop chace or conical form of the point of the cop is generated, and
on which the antifriction roller-k-rests, is stationary. And as the variation of
the length of the chace is independent of this inclined plane, being regulated
as herein-before described by the form of the shaper plate I' and piece 7,
I am enabled to accomplish thereby the two following objects, namely, the
general form of the chace will always remain the same, and the downward
chace will during every stretch be of equal length with the upward one,
whereby the amount of backing off will be varied to suit the position of the
cop.
And as regards the fourth part of my improvements, the same is accom-
plished through the cord H and pulleys H and H, this cord by frictional
agency tending to turn the faller shaft H³ in the direction of the tin roller.
The pullics H and H2 must relatively be of such diameter that the pulley H'
will give sufficient velocity to raise the faller at the required speed to suit the
work being performed and the thickness of spindles. As the faller rises in
less time than is required for depressing it, during the operation of backing off,
the loss of motion is obtained by the slipping of the cord H, which is
tempered for that purpose. It will be seen that I have described two modes;
in the one, the pulley H' is connected with the tin roller shaft by means of the
friction box S and S', which is put in contact previous to backing off and the
descent of the fallers, and so continues until after the rise of the faller, when
it is liberated. It will, therefore, be evident, that during the time the carriage
is going in, after the faller is put down, the cord will have to slip until it is
permitted to act and raise the faller; but after the friction box is taken out of
contact, then the cord receiving no motion during the outgoing of the carriage,
it will not require the slip. In the other mode, the pulley H is fast on the
tin roller, and therefore continues to receive motion, in which case the cord H

page_text: will require to slip, not only during the going in of the carriage, but also
during the coming out; this obviates the necessity of the friction box, and
of putting it in and out of contact.
And as regards the sixth part of my improvements, the same is accomplished
by the combination of the first of my said improvements with the jack-in-
the-box motion, herein-before described, by which the carriage is brought in
and the spindles partially turned, uninterrupted motion being imparted to the
rim band; the remainder of the motion to the spindles being obtained from
the radial arm L' and connected parts.
The second of my improvements is shewn in Figures 13 and 14. In this
improvement I use the double cone B', tin roller pulley B2, recessed cone B³,
pulley B, and recessed cone B6, in the same way and for the same purpose
as used in the first of my improvements, and the manner and times of putting
the cones B1, B3, and B³ in and out of contact are the same. The pulley B
which in my first improvement was used as a strap pulley, is in this made of
smaller diameter but greater in width, forming a boss or barrel sufficient to
receive a few coils of the cord V, one end of which is attached to it. This
cord passes over the pulley V¹, and is at the other end attached to the
spring V. On the pulley V₁ is fastened the ratchet wheel V³, into a tooth
of which the catch V* takes, and is held therein by the spring V". At the
time when the cones B¹ and B3 are taken out of contact when the operation
of twisting is completed, the cones B and B are put into contact, and by the
momentum of the various parts thus connected with the boss or barrel B',
the cord V is wound around it and the spring V2 is extended. The momentum
of the parts employed in extending this spring being greater than is necessary
to accomplish the operation of backing off, by the reaction of the spring the
excess is overcome by the cord V. passing over the pulley V₁, which pulley is,
by the catch V taking into a tooth of the ratchet wheel, made stationary, and
the friction between the cord and the pulley so far balances the momentum of
the parts which extend the spring, that its reaction is sufficient for backing
off, which is effected by the spring contracting, and in so doing uncoiling the
cord V, and giving a reverse motion to the tin roller. The diameter of the
pulley V and the strength of the spring Vs must be adjusted to the size of
the mule, the longer the mule the stronger the spring will require to be.
When the operation of backing off has been performed, the cones B³ and B',
are taken out of contact, as herein-before described.
The fifth of my improvements is shewn in Figures 15 and 16, and is shewn
as applied to a hand mule, enough of which only is shewn to illustrate this
improvement, and in which the upright shaft of the mule, by which motion is

page_text: communicated to its various parts, is marked M; on this shaft is fast the bevil
wheel N, which geers with the bevil wheel N¹, fast on the shaft N, through
which shaft, and the wheel N at its other end, motion is communicated to the
wheel N, and to the front roller shaft on which that wheel is fastened. On
the front roller shaft is also fastened the bevil No, which geers with the bevil
No, fast on the upper end of the diagonal shaft N', through which, and the
wheel N at its other end, motion is communicated to the shaft No by means
of the wheel No fast on that shaft. On the shaft N are the fast pulley Po
and loose pulley P*; these pulleys give motion to the band 05, and may there-
fore be termed the movers of the carriage. On the botto:n of the upright
shaft M is fixed the worm M', geered with the worm wheel M², fast on the
shaft Ms. On the shaft M³ is also fastened the pinion M', geered with the
wheel M, fast on the boss of the pulley P. The endless band 05, which
takes the carriage out, is passed over a series of pulleys in the following
manner, namely:-the cord passes over the pulley P₁, thence to and over the
pulley P, thence to and over the pulley P³, and thence to and over the pulley
P, thence to and over the pulley P³, thence to and over the pulley Po, when it
returns to the pulley P¹, as shewn in Figures 15 and 16. The pulleys P¹ and
Ps are fitted loose on the stud p¹, fixed in the framing. The pulleys P² and
P are fitted loose on the stud p², fastened in the carriage end. By this.
arrangement the pulleys and band become a double block and tackle, and
consequently motive power may be applied at the same time to the band at-
two points by two of the pulleys, in such directions and at such velocities
respectively as may be required. In the arrangement shewn in the Drawings,
and which I have described, the speeds of the wheels must be adapted to drive
the pulley P at such velocity, that supposing the pulley P is held stationary,.
the carriage will move outwards at the same rate as the roller delivers the
yarn. But in the operation of spinning the yarns to which the means for
imparting motion to the carriage I am now describing is particularly adapted,.
the carriage always moves faster than the rollers deliver the yarn, and often
moves after they have stopped; the former is termed the gain of motion, the
latter the afterdraught. This gain is obtained by imparting motion to the
pulley P through the shaft M³, wheels M and M5, worm M', and the worm.
wheel M, which they will do in the contrary direction to that imparted to the
pulley P. The amount of motion given to the pulley P must be adapted
to suit the amount of gain required. The gain being imparted through the
pulley P, it is evident that the small amount of motion which this pulley
imparts to the carriage is capable of being adjusted with very great delicacy.
The wheels which impart motion from the front roller shaft to the pulley Pe
B

page_text: always remain in geer, and so long as the rollers receive motion, so also does
the pulley P, and at the same velocity. When the rollers and pulley Pe cease
to move, the pulley P (through which the gain has been imparted) continuing
to receive motion till the carriage has reached the extremity of its outward run,
imparts the afterdraught. When the outward run is completed, the pinion
M* is disconnected from the wheel M³ in the usual way, and thereby stops the
rotation of the pulley P. Should it be desired to give quicker motion to the
carriage during the afterdraught than it would receive from the foregoing,
the same may be obtained by decreasing the speed of the pulley P and
increasing that of P, or vice versa. In spinning the coarser counts of yarn,
it is advantageous to allow the carriage to move out at the same velocity as
the rollers deliver, and before the carriage arrives at the outer end to impart a
slight gain to it, whereby the yarn is made more level, and which I accomplish
as follows: On the stud p¹ is mounted the lever R, on which is the catch r,
taking into a tooth of the ratchet R', fast on the pulley P³, by detaining which
the pulley P will move the carriage outwards. The lever R must be so
placed, that when the carriage has nearly completed its outward run, it, or a
fixing thereon, will come in contact with this lever, and take it with it. By
this means the pulley P³ will be partially turned, which will impart an addi-
tional amount of motion to the carriage to the extent required. This part of
my improvements may also be applied to twiners or doublers, for regulating the
yield or loss of motion of the carriage in those machines during the outward run.
The seventh part of my improvements is shewn in the Drawings, Figures
13 and 14, in which the carrier shaft D receives motion from the pulley D¹º,
fixed on it. This motion, as before described, in reference to the combination
of the first and sixth of. my said improvements, must be continuous. The half
of the clutch box D" is 'fast on the shaft D; the other half, with which the
pinion D is cast, is loose on the same shaft this pinion geers with the wheel
D13, fast on the scroll shaft D, on which is also fastened the scroll D15, to
which cords are attached in the usual way, the ends of which are fixed at or
beyond the extremities of the carriage run, and through them the inward
motion is imparted to the carriage. During the outward run of the carriage,
and the operation of backing off, the part D¹² of the clutch box is kept out of
geer with the other part by the forked lever D16; but when the backing off is
completed, the cam F10 on the shaft F allows the spring D" to act on the
forked lever, and thereby the part D1 of the clutch box is put into geer with
the other part D", and the scroll shaft and scroll being thereby turned through
the pinion D and wheel D13, the carriage is moved in. When the carriage
has completed its inward run, the partial revolution of the shaft F, herein-

page_text: before described, will cause the cam F10 to press against the upper end of the
forked lever D, and cause it, by overcoming the power of the spring D", to
take the part D of the clutch box out of geer with the other part, by
which means motion will cease to be given to the scroll and scroll shaft.
to
The eighth of my improvements is shewn in the Drawings, Figures 13 and
14. On the tin roller shaft B is fastened the wheel W, which is geared with
the wheel W, intermediate between it and the wheel W, fast on the shaft
W. On the shaft Ws is fixed the worm W, geered with the worm wheel
W, fast on the scroll shaft W, mounted in the two fixings W and Ws on
the carriage. On the lower end of the shaft We is fastened the scroll Wº,
which the cords are attached in the usual way. These cords are fastened at
or beyond the limits of the carriage run, and by their means the carriage is
drawn out; a barrel may be substituted for the scroll. The lever W10 is
mounted on a stud in the fixing W; the lower end of this lever carries one
end of the shaft W³, the other end of which rests in the bearing W", which
bearing is made to swivel. Near the upper end of the lever W10 is the
adjustable lever W, acted upon by the cam W13, fast on the shaft F: The
cam W13 must be so formed and placed, that when the carriage has completed
its inward run, and partial motion (as herein-before described) is given to the
shaft F, the cam will be removed from bearing against the adjustable lever-
W13, which will then by its weight cause the lever W10 to swivel the shaft W",
and put the worm W on it into geer with the worm wheel W, when motion
will be communicated to the scroll shaft We, and the scroll W fastened
thereon, and thence to the cords in the usual way. When the carriage has.
completed its outward run, the cam W13 will, by the partial revolution of the
shaft F; be partially turned, and coming against the adjustable lever W¹³ will
raise it, and cause it, through the lever W10, to swivel the shaft W³, and take
the worm W out of contact with the worm wheel W, by which means.
motion will cease to be given to the scroll shaft and scroll.
The ninth part of my improvements are shewn in Figure 17, and which
I shall describe as applied to a woollen mule; the requisite alterations to
adapt the same to a cotton one will easily be made by any one conversant
with such machines. On the delivering roller U is fastened the ratchet
wheel U, in a tooth of which the catch U2 is held by a spring; the plate U³
is loose on the roller U, and carries the catch U2; on its boss is fastened the
pinion U, with which is cast the half of the catch box Us, fitted to geer with
the other half of the catch box U, cast on the pulley U, loose on the roller.
The boss of the pulley U7 has a groove, into which the fork U³ passes, having
an arm at right angles to the fork. On a stud in the frame side is the wheel
B9

page_text: U³, which geers with the pinion U*; on the boss of the wheel U is fastened
the pinion U, which geers with the rack U", which slides on a bar, fastened
by brackets to the frame side. On one side of the rack is fastened the angle
bracket U, in which is the adjustable screw U¹³. The friction cord U passes
over the pulley U to a pulley on the shaft at the back of the headstock,
known as the carrier shaft (not seen in the Drawing), from which pulley it
receives motion. Supposing the mule is in operation, when the carriage has
nearly completed its inward run, the stud U, in the angle arm of the fork
Us, is so formed as to come in contact with the faller shaft, or with a projection
from the carriage end, whichever may be most convenient, and as it completes
its inward run the faller shaft carries the stud U with it, and causes it to
put the half of the catch box U into geer with the half U; the pulley U",
when the halves of the catch boxes are in geer through them, communicates
motion to the pinion U and plate U³; the catch U, taking into a tooth of
the ratchet wheel U¹, fast on the roller, communicates motion from the plate
Us to the roller; the pinion U also gives motion to the wheel U, and through
it to the pinion U", which imparts motion to the rack U". When the
foregoing are put in motion the carriage also commences its outward run.
When the rack has had sufficient motion imparted to it, the adjustable screw
U¹³ comes in contact with the angle arm of the fork Us, and takes it with it,
and causes the fork to take the half of the catch box U out of contact with
the half Us, when further motion to the delivering roller will cease during
the remainder of the outward run, and until the halves of the catch box are
again put in contact at the commencement of the next stretch. The number
of revolutions of the delivering roller may be increased or diminished by
moving the adjustable screw U¹³, and causing it to come sooner or later in
contact with the angle arm of the fork Us. The boss of the wheel U projects
beyond the pinion U, which geers with the rack. To the pinion a cord is
attached, having a weight at its other end; this cord when the pinion is
turned is wound upon its boss, drawing the weight with it; when the halves
of the catch box are taken out of geer, the weight acting on the cord draws
it and the pinion, and with it the rack, to its starting point. Instead of
attaching the cord and weight to the pinion U, they may be attached to the
rack. In spinning wool, the speed at which the carriage comes out is variable,
coming out quicker at one part than the other. To enable the speed of the
roller to adapt itself to the speed of the carriage, the cord U" is driven at
a velocity quicker than the delivering is required; the rack U" would therefore
come out quicker than it ought, but is prevented by the end of the rack, or a
fixing thereon, coming in contact with the faller shaft, or with a projection on

page_text: the carriage end, which restrains the motion of the rack, and causes the cord
U to slip over the pulley U' instead of driving it. By changing the wheel
U, the relative velocity of the roller to the carriage may be varied to produce.
again or yield.
I shall now proceed to describe the tenth and last of my said improvements..
The roller beam, or beam which supports the delivering rollers in the mule,
may be constructed so as to form three sides of a hollow parallelogram (which
is the form I prefer, though I do not confine myself thereto), the fourth and
lowermost side of which is formed of any suitable elastic substance, fixed to the
two vertical sides so as to be perfectly water-tight, thus making the roller
beam a tube having the bottom elastic. The weight hooks which are sus-
pended from the rollers are furnished with plates, upon which the elastic side or
bottom of this tube presses, the elasticity being sufficient to admit of the hooks
being easily taken off. The amount of pressure may be adjusted either by the
head of water or by the extent of the surfaces of the plates on the end of the
hooks. The head of water may be made adjustable either by making the head
pipe of an elastic substance or making a joint, so that an inflexible pipe may:
be brought nearer to a vertical or to a horizontal position, which means the
pressure may be reduced or removed at will. The beam may be also made
when so required in two or more divisions. Figure 18 represents a transverse
section of a roller beam constructed as above described, with its adjuncts.
X', X2, X³, are the topmost and two vertical sides of the hollow beam; X is
the elastic side or bottom, the edges of which are turned up within, and
fastened closely to the vertical sides and within, and to the ends of the roller
beam, the whole forming a water-tight tube or reservoir, which is supplied
with water through the head pipe X'; X' is the roller stand, fixed on to the
top of the roller beam, and carrying the roller X, suspended upon which is
shewn one of the weight hooks X7, from the lower end of which projects the
plate X, under the elastic bottom of the beam, and so placed as to be forced
downward by the pressure of the water in the beam, by which means the
roller is weighted, the amount of pressure or weight being adjusted, as before
mentioned. The number of weight hooks used will of course be according to
the extent of the rollers. This mode of weighting is applicable to all machines
in which are used rollers which require weighting or pressure.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in
in which the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim as of my.
Invention,―
First, the effecting of the operation of backing off by power imparted to the
rim band, partly from the traversing of the strap which drives the pulleys and

page_text: partly from the momentum (acquired during the outward run of the carriage),
of the rim shaft pulleys, tin roller pulley, and carriers connecting them, as
herein-before described.
Secondly, the effecting of the backing off in self-acting machines, of the
kinds aforesaid, by means of the spring herein-before referred to, and marked
Vs in the Drawings, acting in combination with the several parts connected
therewith, as herein-before described, it being understood that I do not claim
as of my Invention the action of a spring for effecting the backing off generally,
or except in the particular method and combination of parts which I have
described; and I declare that a weight may be substituted for the said spring
in such combination as aforesaid, and which I claim as of my Invention in
like manner. And in reference to the subject of the two preceding claims, I
also claim the disconnecting of the tin roller pulley from the tin roller shaft
during the operation of backing off, as herein-before described.
Thirdly, the arrangement of the parts of the builder, by which the cop point
may be lengthened or shortened, while the inclined plane, by which the conical
form of the cop point is generated, remains fixed.
Fourthly, the use and application of the cord and pulleys H and H, for
governing the descent and rise of the fallers, as herein-before described.
Fifthly, the arrangement and application of the cord and pulleys; for pro-
ducing and regulating, with the aid of suitable mechanical parts connected
therewith, the gain of motion in the carriage of the mule during its outward
run, and of effecting the afterdraught, as herein-before described; and which
I also claim in application to twiners or doublers, for regulating the yield or
loss of motion of the carriage in those machines during their outward run.
Sixthly, the combination of the first of my said improvements with the use
of the contrivance called "the-jack-in-the-box," in manner and for the purpose
herein-before described.
Seventhly, the combination of my said first improvement with the scroll and
connected parts, for the purpose of drawing in the carriage, as herein-before
described.
Eighthly, the connecting of the scroll band used in drawing out the
carriage with the tin roller shaft, by means of geering, as herein-before
described.
Ninthly, the moving of the delivering rollers by a slipping friction cord
always moving faster than the velocity required for delivering; and also the
apparatus for regulating the speed, as herein-before described, and which
apparatus I also claim as applicable to the purpose of regulating the gain or
yield of the carriage.

page_text: Tenthly, the weighting of the delivering rollers of mules, and the rollers of
other machines, by means of the pressure of water, applied as herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, the Eighth
day of January, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-seven.
described.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, the Eighth
day of January, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-seven.
WILLIAM ROBERTSON. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the above-named
William Robertson, in the presence of
HY. J. MORRIS,
Clerk to Messrs. J. P. Aston & Son, Solicitors,
Manchester.