IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS BOTTLES
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Canning, of No. 7, Great Winchester Street
Buildings, in the City of London, Knight, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS BOTTLES."
Sealed the 11th October 1878, and dated the 7th August 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Canning at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th August 1878.
SAMUEL CANNING, of No. 7, Great Winchester Street Buildings, in the City of
London, Knight. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS BOTTLES."
"
My Invention has for its object to manufacture glass bottles for containing
wine, spirits, or other liquids, with the lower end or bottom formed with a con-
siderable hollow, such as is known as the "push" in the trade. It has often been
attempted to produce the deep push, such as exists in bottles of French manu-
facture known as claret and champagne bottles, but such attempts have heretofore
failed.
"
According to my present Invention, I manufacture bottles with such deep "push
by means of two or more moulds in the following manner:-I first blow the bottom
of the bottle into a mould, having at its outer edge a circular groove or hollow
corresponding to the shoulder of the "push," but with a less sharp curvature than
is required in the finished bottle. Beyond such groove or hollow, the mould is
recessed downwards to a considerable extent, terminating at the bottom in a
central recess corresponding to the button or bead which requires to be formed at
the bottom of the "push." The bottom of the bottle having been blown into this
mould, it presents the appearance of a bottle, whose." push " has been inverted so as
to project outwards instead of inwards from the shoulder.
The bottle still hot is then placed on another mould or saucer, having the con-
figuration of the "
push or recessed bottom, with a central hollow corresponding
"

page_text: to the before-mentioned button. This button being placed in the hollow, the
operator then pushes the bottle downwards on to the mould, thereby inverting the
convex "push" first formed, and causing it to assume the concave shape. This
second mould, although having generally the configuration of the pusb, is only
partially as deep as this is required to be when finished, and the "push" is made of
the required depth by placing the bottle upon a third mould or saucer, having the
same configuration as the second one, only being a greater depth, and having the
circular groove of a sharper curvature corresponding to the proper shape of the
shoulder in the finished bottle. Thus, by operating upon the bottle with the second
mould after it has been formed by the first one, the "push" is inverted, while by
then operating upon it with the third mould, the glass is gradually drawn from the
shoulder and from the button in order to give the metal for the greater depth of
the "push," and by this means the tearing and excessive thinning of the glass is
prevented, which would take place if it were attempted to form the "push" at one
operation.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Samuel Canning in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 6th February
1879.
SAMUEL CANNING, of No. 7, Great Winchester Street Buildings, in the City of
London, Knight. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS BOTTLES."
. My Invention has for its object to manufacture glass bottles for containing wine,
spirits, or other liquids, with the lower end or bottom formed with a considerable
hollow, such as is known as the "push" in the trade. It has often been attempted
to produce the deep "push," such as exists in bottles of French manufacture, known
as claret and champagne bottles, but such attempts have heretofore failed.
"
According to my present Invention, I manufacture bottles with such deep
push" by means of two or more moulds in the following. manner :-I first blow
the bottom of the bottle into a mould, having at its outer edge a circular groove or
hollow corresponding to the shoulder of the "push." Beyond such groove or hollow,
the mould is recessed downwards to a considerable extent, terminating at the
bottom in a central recess corresponding to the button or bead which requires to be
formed at the bottom of the "push." The bottom of the bottle having been blown
intó̟, this mould, it presents the appearance of a bottle whose "push" is inverted so
as to project outwards instead of inwards from the shoulder.
The bottle still hot is then placed in another mould or saucer, having at the
bottom the configuration of the "push," with a central hollow corresponding to the
before-mentioned button. This button being placed in the hollow, the operator
then pushes the bottle downwards on to the mould, thereby inverting the convex
'push" first formed, and causing it to assume the concave shape. This second
mould, although having generally the configuration of the "push," is only partially
as deep as this is required to be when finished, and the " push" is made of the
required depth by placing the bottle in a third mould, whose bottom has a con-
figuration like that of the second, only of greater depth, so as to give the "push
the depth required in the finished bottle. Thus, by operating upon the bottle with
the second mould after it has been formed by the first one, the "push" is inverted,
while by then operating upon it with the third mould, the glass is gradually drawn
from the shoulder and from above the button, in order to give the metal for the
greater depth of the "push," and by this means the tearing and excessive thinning
of the glass is prevented, which would take place if it were attempted to form the
push" at one operation.
"
"
The accompanying Drawing shews the various moulds which I employ in
carrying out my before-described Invention.
Fig. 1 shews the section of the first mould employed, the glass intended for the
bottle being introduced, it is blown so that its lower end assumes externally the
configuration shewn, the circular groove a corresponding to the shoulder of the
push, while the central recess b corresponding to the button or bead to be formed at
the bottom of the push, and the inclined sides c to the sides of the push. The
dotted line d indicates approximately the internal shape of the bottom of the bottle,
considerable thickness of glass being provided to allow for the subsequent opera-
tions.
The bottle after removal from this mould is then introduced into that shewn at
Fig. 2, which at its bottom has the configuration of a shallow push, so that the
bead b formed on the glass by the mould Fig. 1 being introduced into the recess b¹,
and the bottle pushed downwards, the sides c will be inverted so as to assume the
shape of the side c¹ of the second mould, and form a continuation of the shoulder a
which is brought down into the groove a¹. The sides of the mould e supports the
side of the bottle while it is being pressed into the mould.
The bottle is then placed on the third mould, Fig. 3, with its bead b fitting in the
recess b², so that by pushing the bottle down into the mould, the sides c of the

page_text: -
push are elongated, until the shoulder a bears upon the groove a², the glass
required for the elongation being drawn from the thick metal above, and at the
sides of the bead b.
.
The middle part of the mould, shewn in Fig. 3, is preferably made so that it can
be shifted a little up or down to make the push more or less deep, as may be
desired. The push of the bottle having been formed as above described, it has its
mouth and ring formed in the usual way, and in order to prevent the push from
being deformed while the bottle is held in the cage or puntey for this purpose, I
form the bottom of the said cage with a block of a shape like that shewn in Fig. 4,
the hollow at the top of which forms a rest for the button of the push.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I claim, making bottles with a "push" or hollow bottom
by first blowing the glass into a mould, so formed, as to give the bottom of the
bottle the configuration of an inverted "push," and then subjecting the bottle to
the action of one or more other moulds, whereby the "push" is turned inwards and
made to assume its required shape, substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Canning, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Fifth day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine.
SAMUEL CANNING. (L.S.)