IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MOULDING CLAY AND OTHER PLASTIC MATERIALS INTO DRAIN PIPES AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Woodcroft Hammond, of the City of
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, for the In-
vention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MOULDING CLAY AND OTHER
PLASTIC MATERIALS INTO DRAIN PIPES AND OTHER ARTICLES."-A com-
munication from abroad by Philip Syng Justice, of Philadelphia, in
the State of Pennsylvania, United States.
Sealed the 7th January 1871, and dated the 15th July 1870:
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Woodcroft
Hammond at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 15th July 1870.
I, HENRY WOODCROFT HAMMOND, of the City of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MOULDING CLAY AND
OTHER PLASTIC MATERIALS INTO DRAIN PIPES AND OTHER ARTICLES," a com-
munication from abroad by Philip Syng Justice, of Philadelphia, in the
State of Pennsylvania, United States, to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in a combination and arrangement of mechanism
for forcing clay or other plastic materials through a moulding orifice or

page_text: orifices by means of direct acting fluid pressure to form drain pipes and
other articles.
The machinery consists of a cylinder, to the lower end of which the
moulding orifices are attached, the core part of which for forming hollow
articles is sustained by one end of a rod passing up the centre of the
cylinder, the other end of the rod being secured in a cross beam carried
by two columns bolted to brackets formed upon the side of the cylinder.
A piston is made to fit the cylinder, having packing arranged so as to be
forced against the sides of the cylinder by the pressure of the acting
fluid, and this piston slides upon the central core rod, being provided
with a suitable stuffing box to key a tight joint between the piston and
the rod. The upper part of the cylinder has a cover or end fitted to it
which can be readily secured by turning the said cover partially round
to cause projections upon it to pass under other projections upon the
cylinder, the inside of the cover is provided with elastic packing which
is pressed against the sides of the cylinder by the acting fluid, thus
making a tight joint against its escape. This cover has also a stuffing
box to fit the central core rod upon which it can slide. To the piston
the ends of two rods are secured, each rod passing through a stuffing
box formed in the cylinder end or cover, the outer ends of the two rods
being connected together above the beam which carries the central core
rod. There is a cock or valve at the lower part of the cylinder to draw
off the water or acting fluid after the piston has been forced down, and
to admit air when the piston is withdrawn. In working the machine the
cylinder cover is loosened and the piston is drawn up by means of a rope
or chain or other mechanical power attached to the cross bar connecting
the two lifting rods, the cover being also lifted by the same means when
the piston comes against it. The clay is now filled into the cylinder, the
piston and cover is lowered, and the list secured, and then the water or
acting fluid is admitted to the upper part of the cylinder above the
piston from any suitable hydraulic pump, or from any other source
having sufficient pressure, and thus the plastic material is forced through
the moulding orifices. When the piston has been forced to the bottom
of the cylinder the valve is opened to allow the water or fluid to run out,
when the operations above described are repeated.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Woodcroft Hammond in the Great Scal
Patent Office on the 14th January 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
WOODCROFT HAMMOND, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria,. by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did,. for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Henry Woodcroft Hammond, Her
special licence that I, the said Henry Woodcroft Hammond, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Henry Woodcroft Hammond, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MOULDING CLAY
AND OTHER PLASTIC MATERIALS INTO DRAIN PIPES AND OTHER ARTICLES," a com-
munication to me from abroad by Philip Syng Justice, of Philadelphia,
in the State of Pennsylvania, United States, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Henry Woodcroft Hammond, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Woodcroft. Hammond, do.
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner.
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained.
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawings.
hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked. thereon.(that
is to say):-
This Invention relates to improvements in machinery for moulding
clay and other plastic. materials into drain pipes or other articles, being

page_text: so constructed as to operate for more rapidly and effectively than any
machinery for this purpose now in use, being also adapted for socketing.
the said drain pipes and other articles during one and the same process.
In order to enable others to use and practise the Invention I describe
its construction and operation thus :—
On reference to the accompanying Drawings Fig. I represents a front
view in section; Fig. 2 a side view; Fig. 3, the socketing apparatus.
Similar letters having reference to similar parts.
A is a cylinder, to the lower end of which are attached the moulding
orifices b, of which the core part d for forming hollow articles is
sustained by one end of the rod E, which passes up the centre of the
cylinder, the other end of the rod E being secured in a cross beam F
which is supported by two columns G and bolted to brackets H
formed upon the side of the cylinder A. A piston I is made to fit the
cylinder A, having packing so arranged as to be forced against the sides.
of the said cylinder A by the pressure of the acting fluid admitted at
the orifice J, and this piston I is made to slide upon the central core
rod E, being provided with a suitable stuffing box to keep a tight joint
between the piston I and the rod E. The upper part of the cylinder A
has a cover or end K fitted to it, which can be readily secured by turning
the said cover K partially round, so as to cause the projections L to pass
under the projections M, the inside of the cover being provided with
elastic packing which is pressed against the sides of the cylinder A. by
the acting fluid, thus making a tight joint against its escape. This
cover has also a stuffing box N to fit the centre core rod E, upon which
it can slide. To the piston I the ends of two rods O (Fig. 2) are secured,
each rod passing through the stuffing boxes P formed in the cylinder
end or cover K, the outer ends of the two rods O being connected
together by the cross bar R. There is a cock or valve S at the lower
part of the cylinder A to draw off the water or acting fluid when the
pistou I has been forced down, and to admit air when the piston is
withdrawn. In working the machine the cylinder cover K is loosened
and the piston I is drawn up by means of a rope or chain or other
mechanical power attached to the cross bar R connecting the two lifting
rods O, the cover K being also lifted by the same means when the piston I
comes against it. The clay is now filled into the cylinder A, the piston I
and cover K is lowered and the lid secured, and then the water or acting
fluid is admitted through the orifice J to the upper part of the cylinder A

page_text: above the piston I from any suitable hydraulic pump, or from any other
source having sufficient pressure, and thus the plastic material is forced
through the moulding orifices b. If the said drain pipes or other articles
are required to be socketed or flanged at the ends then the mechanical
apparatus shewn in Fig. 3 is brought into operation in the following
manner-B is an hydraulic ram having a table C attached to the upper
end, upon the top surface of which table there is a projection u for the
purpose of retaining the socket, die, or mould A¹ in a fixed position.
When the clay mass or other plastic material T appears at the orifices b
then the hydraulic ram is set in upward motion (by means of the same
pump or other source of power employed to force down the piston I in
Fig. 1) until the socket, die, or mould A' comes into contact with the said
clay or plastic material, and then forcing it against the sides of the case
or projections V forms the necessary flange or socket. The table C is
then lowered to allow the pipes to run the required length when being
cut off the operations above described are repeated.
Having now particularly described this Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I
claim and desire to secure under the above-recited Letters Patent, the
particular arrangement of machinery as herein described, also the mode
of applying the pressure to such cylinders in connexion with machinery
for moulding clay and other plastic materials.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Woodcroft Hammond, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of January,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
ouc.
HENRY WOODCROFT HAMMOND. (L.S.)