ce andry for Manufacture of Fire arms
Year: 1801

page_text: Furnace and Machinery for Manufacture of Fire-
arms; Improvements in Construction of
Breeches and Locks; and Equestrian Swivel
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
ROBERT VAZIE, of Downs Street, Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS His Majesty King George the Third, by His Letters.
Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West--
minster, the Twenty-third day of January, in the forty-first year of His
reign, reciting that I, the said Robert Vazic, had, by my petition,
humbly represented, that I had, with considerable labour, trouble, and
discovered and invented "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTING,
expence,
CONSTRUCTION, AND APPLICATION OF A GUN, BY MEANS OF REMOVING THE TOUCH
HOLE FROM THE SIDE TO THE CENTRE OF THE BUTT END OF THE BARREL, AND
FORMING THEREFROM A CYLINDRICAL COMMUNICATION TO AND IN A DIRECTION
WITH THE PAN, AND ALSO BY THE ADDITION OF A SLIDE OR SHUTTER IN THE
FRONT OF SUCH COMMUNICATION, WHICH WHEN CLOSE PRESERVES THE PRIMING
DRY; WHICH GUN, WHEN MOUNTED ON A SADDLE OR PAD FIRMLY FIXED WITH
STRONG ELASTIC GIRTHS ON A HORSE OR OTHER ANIMAL, FORMS A COMPLETE
HORSE SWIVEL, AND IS WHILST IN THAT SITUATION DISCHARGED, THE HORSE

page_text: BEING ENABLED TO STAND, NOTWITHSTANDING THE SHOCK OCCASIONED BY THE
DISCHARGE, BY HIS FEET BEING PRESERVED PERFECTLY SOUND, WHICH IS
EFFECTED BY REMOVING THE NAILS FROM THE TENDER PART OF THE FEET,
AND PLACING SANDALS OF A NOURISHING QUALITY BETWIXT THE HOOPS AND
SHOES; "which said Invention of constructing, construction, and ap-
plication I conceived would be of great public utility, and would
be more particularly described and delineated in the Specification
thereof;
that I was the first and true Inventor, constructor, and
applier of the said Invention and improvement, and the application
thereof, and that the same had never been made or used by any other
person or persons to the best of my knowledge and belief; that
I therefore humbly prayed. that His said Majesty would be gra-
ciously pleased to grant unto me, my exors, adiñiors, and assigns, His
Majesty's Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain,
for the sole use, benefit, and advantage of my said Invention within
England, Wales, and Berwick-upon-Tweed, for the term of fourteen
years, according to the Statute in that case made and provided; His
said Majesty did, for Himself and His successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Robert Vazic, my exors, adiñiors, and assigns, His special
licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, thic said Robert
Vazie, my exors, adñiors, and, assigns, and every of us, by myself, and
ourselves, and by my and our deputy or deputies, servants or agents,' or
"such others, as I, the said Robert Vazie, my exors, adñiors, or assigns,
shall at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times, thereafter during the term of years therein expressed, shall
and lawfully may use, exercise, and vend my said Invention within' that
part of the Kingdom of Great Britain called England, the Dominion
of Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, in such manner.as
to me, the said Robert-Vazic, my exors,-admiors; and assigns; or any of
tis, in my or our discretions shall seem meet; to have, hold, exercise,
and enjoy the said licence, power, privileges, and advantages therein
granted unto me, the said Robert Vazic, my exors, adaiors, and assigns,
for and during and unto the full end and term of fourteen years from
the date of the said Letters Patent next ensuing and fully to be com-
pleat and ended, according to the Statute in such case made and pro- 3
vided; in which said Letters Patent it is, amongst other things, provided,

page_text: COT
that if I shall not particularly describe and ascertain the nature of my
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal,. and cause the saine
to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within, one
calendar month next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent, and also, if .I, the said Robert. Vazie, my exors, adñiors, or
assigns,, shall, not supply or cause to be .supplied for His Majesty's
service all such articles of the said Invention as. I. or they shall, be
required to supply, in such manner, at such times, and at and upon
such reasonable prices and terms as shall be settled for, that purpose by
the Master General of His Majesty's Ordnance, or the principal officers
..of His
is Majesty's Ordnance, for the time being, that then and in any
of the said cases, the said Letters Patent, and all liberties and advan-
tages whatsoever thereby granted, shall, utterly cease, determine,
become void, any thing therein-before contained to the contrary thereof
in anywise notwithstanding
. A
d
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Vazie, in compliance
with the said proviso, do hereby describe, delineate, and ascertain tlie
said Invention to be as herein-after set forth (that is
ን
nature of my
to say):
21:3
Plate part 1, represents the constructing of the gun. The inside case
A, of an air furnace is made of a cement the component parts of which
. are equal portions of black lead, pipe clay, and of sand which has been
previously used for the grinding of glass. The diameter of the bottom is
equal to the height, and the diameter of the top is two third parts of
the bottom. It is surrounded at the distance of six-inches-by an outside
case of stone or brick work. The air is conveyed into the furnace, by
opening the ash hole door A, and behind through a funnel, the large
end of which is equal to the diameter of the bottom of the furnace. The
small end is one and a half inches diameter, and is placed immediately
above the grate B. The length is equal to twice the diameter of the
larger end. At C, is an opening into the furnace, which admits the
metal that is required to be heated, as also fuel for the fire; above
the furnace is placed the boiler D, in the inside of which, within two
inches of the top, is suspended horizontally the hollow metal roler E, in
the centre of which is an axis, the one end of which moves in a hole-in
.

page_text: the inside of the boiler, the other end passes through the boiler in a
pipe, and to this end is attached a crank, by means whereof the roller
is turned round by the beam F. Upon this roler is suspended a cloth,
which is within two inches of the breadth of the boiler, and of length to
pass over the roller, go within one inch of the bottom, and return where
the two ends are sewed together. A small cord is sewed around to the
inside of this endless cloth in the middle, and placed in a groove in the
roller at an equal distance from each end. On each side of this roler
are four bars of one inch metal placed in a line at nine inches from the
sides of the boiler, and at equal distance from each other; they are
seperately suspended by an eye upon a hook placed in the top of the
boiler, and are of length to reach the bottom. The effect produced by
the moveable cloth and suspended bars is that of drawing the steam
quickly through the water, and rendering it more powerfully elastic,,
which steam is applied to give motion to the machinery of an engine,
whereby the wheel G is turned around, which, by means of logs
placed upon the perephory or rim, raises the hammer H, which is
used for the purpose of compressing into the most firm texture the
metal of which the gun is constructed, and otherways for aiding in
forming it to furnish a forcible draught in the fire, to answer the double
purpose of heating and hammering the metal. In constructing the gun
there is placed upon the top of the chimney the ventilator I, whereof
the pipe K circumscribes the top; the diameter of the end of the cross
tube at L, is equal to two third parts of K; the end of M, is twice the
diameter of that at L; the length from L, to N, is equal to the diameter
of the end L; and that from M, and O, equal to the diameter of the
ond M. The line from L, to M, ascends one inch in twelve inches.
The ventilator is supported and turns round upon the spindle P, when
the wind acts upon the fane Q; the encreased draught is obtained by
causing a confined current of air to pass across the top of the chimney.
The ventilator is made of thin metal, and after it is formed is immersed
in a boiling liquid, the component parts of which are one hundred
pounds pitch, fifty pounds Roman cement (for the insertion of which
liberty is obtained from the patentee), and five pounds of tallow.
Part 2nd represents the construction of the gun. The breech of
the gun is made of metal of the diameter of the barrel; from A,

page_text: towards B, Fig. 1, is a cylindrical opening of of an inch diameter,
which reaches within a quarter of an inch of the hind part of the
breech, and forms a magazine or receptacle for the priming, as also
a communication from the pan to the touch hole C. D, Fig. 2,
represents the front of the communication with the breech underneath,
sunk to allow a fair seat for the lock, and by the overchanging of
the upper part of the breech the joint is sheltered to increase the
security against wet. The part immediately above the communication
is raised, as per E, Fig. 3, to which the hind part of the hammer F,
corresponds. Figs. 4, and 5, represent the front and side views of
the slide or shutter, which further appears in the inside of the plate
of the lock, Fig. 6, and is secured by a spring placed under the
screw G. Fig. 7, represents the calge of the plate of the lock, with
the slide across the communication; Fig. 8, the front of the plate
wherein is the opening H, for the pin or knob 1, Fig. 4, to move in.
When the gun is under half-cock the pin or knob is close behind the
cock, and is drawn back by the act of cocking the gun, when, by inclin-
ing the lock downwards, and striking the breceh with the land, a part
of the priming which had been previously contained within the cylin-
drical communication spreads into the pan, and by means of the flash
the powder which remains in the cylindrical communication is lighted,
and shoots through the touch hole to the charge. In K, Fig. 1, the
shutter is replaced by the thumb previous to the next loading the gun.
The lock, except with the additions already described, is of the usual-
form. When this principle is applied to a horse swivel the breech is of
a length to counterpoise the barrel when loaded three inches behind
the lock. The two stops L, L, are placed immediately behind the lock,
and butt against the fore part of the centre pin B, part 3. The spring
M, is fixed to the under part of the breech; the gun is put into its sta-
tion by the butt end. When this principle is applied to a gun fired in
hand the stock is of the usual form, in which case there is not more
than half an inch of solid metal behind the cylindrical communication,
as per the dotted lines at N.
Part 3, represents the application of the gun, whereby is composed
the horse swivel. The saddle tree upon which the gun is placed
is formed by the two boards A, A, Fig. 1, which are united together

page_text: 1.
by the plates which appear thereon, and whereof the edge views are
represented by Fig. 2, 3, 4.. In the plate 3, is placed the centre pin
B, which is secured from removing otherwise than turning around by
its end being rivetted underneath the plate. In the top of the centre
pin is placed the gun, as described and delineated in part 2; to be
conveyed the butt end of the gun is passed along the springs C, &
D, Fig. 2, & 4, to the stops E, and F. The pannel is made of
four sheep skins three feet square cach, which have upon them a
growth of wool; these are sewed to each other, and form a square;
they are then doubled with the wool side inwards; two other sheep
skins, without wool, of the same size, are sewed together at one end,
and spread within the former ones; the two ends and the remain-
ing side of the skins with wool, as also those placed within, are sewed
up, and from the oblong square, Fig. 5, which upon being doubled pro-
duces the square in clastic pannel, upon which is placed the tree,
Fig. 1.; these together are mounted upon the horse, and secured from
removing, by means of two girths, which have on one end of each the
hooks G, G, whereof enlarged front and side representations are at
Fig. 7, and 8. These hooks pass into holes in the plates H, H, Fig. 1,
whereof an enlarged draft is at Fig. 9. These plates are fixed on the
under side of the hind part of the tree (a space being previously
scooped out to receive the hooks G, G). The girths cross each other
underneath the body of the horse, where a loop is, placed upon one.
through which the other girth passes; the other ends of the girths have
upon them the metal buckle I, I, whereof the form is delineated at
Fig. 10, the tongue of which is secured from swerving aside or slipping.
back by being placed between the cheeks or returns of the rim, througli
which tongue, as also the checks or returns of the rim, the rivet Kis
-passed-laterally, and upon which rivet the tongue acquires its proper
action. The checks or returns of the rim may be formed in the inside-
in place of the outside of the rim, as per Fig. 11, and the tongue.
equally preserved from swerving. The rim may be of any metal or form
or size. This part of the improvement consisting in strengthening the
hind part of the buckle, and securing the tongue from swerving, these
buckles I, I, fix to two straps, which are fastened upon the points of
the tree at L, L, twelve inches before the holes in the plates II, II. The

page_text: webbing of which three girths are made is composed of a linen warp,
and a woolen shoot or woof; the body or principal part of which web-
bing is wove by means of four leases or geers, moved by four treddles;
the first treddle on the right side raises the second and third leases from
the front; the second treddle from the right raises the first and fourth
leases from the front; the third treddle from the right raises the third
and fourth leases from the front; and the fourth treddle-from the right
faises, the first and second leases from the front. Thus the warp in the
body of the webbing is one half above and the other half below the
shoot. To this is added four space leases, which are placed on each side
behind the body leases, and raised by the aforesaid treddles; the first
treddle on the riglit raises the first space lease on the front; the second
treddle from the right raises the second space lease from the front; the
third treddle froin the right raises the first, second, and third space
leases from the front; and the fourth treddle from the right raises the
first, second, and fourth space leases from the front. Thus the space
leases raise three threads the one throw of the shuttle, and one thread
the next, and thereby form a strong round edge.
Part 4, represents the means whereby the horse is enabled to stand
upon his feet, notwithstanding the shock occasioned by the discharge
of the gun. The shoe, Fig. 1, is fixed with four nails to the fore part
of the hoof, and 'with a clamp on each side of the hind part, as per.
Fig. 2, the upper ends of which clamps are turned inwards three
sixteenths of an inch, to take a firm hold of the hoof; the length
and heighth of the clamps must accord with the size, form, and
mature of the hoof. Fig. 3, represents two parts composing a sandal
for one foot, which is placed between the hoof and shoc, and secured
froin removing by being rivetted to the hind part of the shoe, and
by the nails that fix the shoe on the fore part passing through
them. These sandals are made of felt, and after they are formed
are boiled in a nourishing liqued, whereof the component parts are,
of turpentine, half a hundred weight; of pitch, half a hundred weight;
of hogs lard, half a hundred weight; & of charcoal dust, one heaped
bushel, which bushel in the body contains eight gallons and
quart of water, and is nineteen & half inches diameter from outside
to outside across the top.. The-heap is formed a regular cone, of
one

page_text: which the perpendicular heighth is seven inches, which heighth is
proved by the gage or tongue A, Fig. 4, which is suspended and moves
on a semicircular bow, that by means of a joint at each end is laid
down on the outside of the measure.
The component parts of which said Invention may be applied
sepperately to different useful purposes. Thus, part 1st, the furnace
and machinery, may be used in constructing articles in general which
are made of metal; the moveable cloth may be used in extracting and
refining liquor from grain or fruit, as also in the boiling of sugar,
salt, or glue, and for chymical preparations where evaporation or pre-
serving from burning is requisite; & the ventilator may be used to
cncrease the draft of common chimneys, ship stoves; also to draw the
foul air out of hospitals, prisons, mines, or ship holds; the composition
of black lead, pipe clay, and sand, is adapted to making crucibles, fire
bricks, and furnaces. Part the 2d, the construction of the gun, is
applicable from a piece of ordnance to the smallest pistol. Part 3d, the
oblong square, Fig. 5, composed of the wool and skins of sheep, may be
⚫ used as a bed to lay upon. The buckles may be usefully applied to
girths of every description, as also in uniting carriage braces, harness,
stirrup leathers, straps, and belts. The application of the girths dia-
gonally, with the mode of fixing to the hind part of the saddle, may be
applied to saddles for general service. The strong round edge formed
by the additional space leases may be added to girth webbing, of which
the warp and shoot are both woollen, or both linen. Part 4th, the
mode of fixing the shoc and application of the sandles, may be applied
to horses of every description and service, and the bushel may be
usefully applied to measuring coals and fruit.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this
Twenty-first day of February, One thousand eight hundred and
ROB (LS) VAZIE.
gued and sealed in the presence of
WILL
BELL,
Lamb Builds, Temple, London.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-first day of
February, in the year of our Lord 1801, the aforesaid Robert Vazie
came before our Lord the King, in His Chancery, and acknowledged
the Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained
and specified, in form above written. And also the Specification afore-
said was stampt according to the tenor of the Statutes made for that
purpose.
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