INDROVEMENT IN HAID DDUCHING PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Smith, of No. 134, Upper Thames Street, in
the City of London, George Smith, junior, of Mare Street, Hackney,
in the County of Middlesex, and Charles William Smith, also of Mare
Street aforesaid for the Invantion of " INDROVEMENT IN HAID DDUCHING
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Smith, George
Smith, junior, and Charles William Smith, at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 21st November 1865.
We, GEORGE SMITH, of No. 134, Upper Thames Street, in the City of
London, GEORGE SMITH, junior, of Mare Street, Hackney, in the County
of Middlesex, and CHARLES WILLIAM SMITH, also of Mare Street, aforesaid,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HAIR-BRUSHING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in hair-brushing apparatus.
Rotatory or cylindrical brushes are now commonly employed by hair dressers,
but as at present constructed with the bristles fixed to the cylinder they are
not suitable for brushing the long hair of ladies, as it is liable to lap around
the brush.

page_text: Now, according to our Invention, we adapt rotatory brushes for use with
long hair by giving to the bristles a second motion or a motion additional to
that of rotation about the central axis of the rotatory brush, in such manner
that each tuft or set of bristles during a part of the rotation is in a position to
act on the head as if it were fixed to the cylinder as heretofore, and then when
it has acted for a sufficient time it by its second or independent motion moves
or turns so as to leave the hair.
According to the arrangement we prefer we divide the bristles of the brush
into a number of lines or narrow segments passing from end to end of the
cylinder, and each line or segment of bristles is fixed in a bar or holder which
at its extremities is mounted in the ends of the cylinder in such manner as to
be able to turn freely. All the lines or segments of bristles are mounted at
the same distance from the central axis, so that together they form a cylindrical
brush. The bars or bristle holder have attached to them at one end apparatus
such as is used in feathering paddle wheels, or other equivalent governing
apparatus which cause the bars or bristle holders to rock in their end supports,
so that at the part of the circumference of the cylinder where they operate
on the hair they stand out radially from the main axis, or sufficiently nearly
so, whilst when they are required to go out of action and leave the hair, they
turn so that the bristles become a tangent to the cylinder, or sufficiently nearly
so. These changes in the inclination of the bristles may either go on con-
tinuously, so that each line or segment of bristles passes gradually from its
radial position or best brushing position to the position in which it clears
itself from the hair, or the clearing motion may be given suddenly to each
line or section of bristles as it comes up. Or in place of giving to the lines
or sections of bristles a rocking motion, they may have a motion given to them
to and from the main axis to cause them to protrude out through slits in a
plain cylinder at the portion of the circumference where they are required to
act on the hair, and to recede into the slits when they are required to clear
themselves from the hair.
As a further security against the hair lapping around the brush we combine
therewith an endless apron, the inner end of which works close up to the
brush, so that the apron acts as a stop to prevent the hair passing around the
brush, and motion being given to the apron so that the surface on which
the hair touches travels away from the brush, the apron tends constantly to
straighten the hair which comes in contact with it.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Smith, George Smith, junior, and Charles William
Smith in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st May 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, GEORGE
SMITH, of No. 134, Upper Thames Street, in the City of London, GEORGE
SMITH, junior, of Mare Street, Hackney, in the County of Middlesex, and
CHARLES WILLIAM SMITH, also of Mare Street, aforesaid, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year
of Her reign, did, for Ierself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto us, the said George Smith, George Smith, and Charles William Smith,
Her special licence that we, the said George Smith, George Smith, and
Charles William Smith, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said George Smith, George Smith, and Charles William
Smith, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HAIR-BRUSHING
APPARATUS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said George
Smith, George Smith, and Charles William Smith, our executors or admini-
strators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their hands and seals, or
under the hand and seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles William Smith, on behalf of
myself and the said George Smith & George Smith, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in hair-brushing apparatus.
Rotatory or cylindrical brushes are now commonly employed by hair dressers
but as at present constructed with the bristles fixed to the cylinder, they are
not suitable for brushing the long hair of ladies; as it is liable to lap around
the brush.

page_text: Now, according to our Invention, we adapt rotatory brushes for use with
long hair by giving to the bristles a second motion or a motion additional to
that of rotation about the central axis of the rotatory brush, in such manner that
each tuft or set of bristles, during a part of the rotation is in a position to act
on the head as if it were fixed to the cylinder as heretofore, and then when it
has acted for a sufficient time by its second or independent motion it moves
or turns so as to leave the hair.
According to the arrangement we prefer we divide the bristles of the brush
into a number of lines or narrow segments passing from end to end of the
cylinder, and each line or segment of bristles is fixed in a bar or holder which
at its extremities is mounted in the ends of the cylinder in such manner as
to be able to turn freely. All the lines or segments of bristles are mounted
at the same distance from the central axis, so that together they form a
cylindrical brush. The bars or bristle holders have attached to them at one
end apparatus such as is used in feathering paddle wheels, or other equivalent
governing apparatus, which causes the bars or bristle holders to rock in their
end supports so that at the part of the circumference of the cylinder where
they operate on the hair they stand out radially from the main axis, or
sufficiently nearly so, whilst when they are required to go out of action and
leave the hair they turn so that the bristles become a tangent to the cylinder,
or sufficiently nearly so. These changes in the inclination of the bristles may
either go on continuously, so that each line or segment of bristles passes
gradually from its radial position or best brushing position to the position in
which it clears itself from the hair, or the clearing motion may be given
suddenly to each line or section of bristles as it comes up.
Figure 1 is a plan view of hair brushing apparatus arranged according
to our Invention; Figure 2, is an end view of the same with one of the
handles removed.
a, a, are the handles, in Figure 1 they are not shown complete; b is a
spindle on the ends of which the handle is fixed; c is a tube capable of turn-
ing freely on the axis, and on it are fixed the end plates d, d, of the cylindrical
brush; e is a pulley on the tube c, around which an elastic driving band passes
in the usual manner, and by this means the cylinder ends d, d, and the parts
which they carry are caused to rotate upon the spindle 6, which is held in the
hands; ff, are narrow strips of wood or other material into which bristles are
fixed; the narrow brushes thus formed are secured by screws f¹, f¹, to metal
bars g, g, which at their ends are carried by the cylinder ends d, and they are
able to turn therein. At one end of the brush crank arms h, h, are mounted on
the bars g, and to these the rods i are pinjointed; these rods pass through

page_text: guides & secured to the plate in such manner as to be able to swivel. The
plate has a circular hole through its centre, in which is contained the
eccentric m fixed on the stationary spindle b; n is a cam also fixed on the
spindle b, and as the rods i travel round they come in contact with the edge
of the cam as is shown; o, o, are stops mounted on the plate to limit the
motion of the rods i, and p, p, are cross pieces fixed in the rods i which come
against the stops o, and steady the brushes when in action; q, q, are india-
rubber springs passing around pins on the rods i, and also around pins
on the plate 7, these springs tend constantly to draw the rods i inwards.
In this manner it will be seen that the brushes are made to assume a
radial position whilst in action, and to draw back in going out of action so
as to disengage themselves easily from the hair. To change the brushes
when they become dirty and to substitute clean ones, the screws f¹, f¹, are
removed; r is a guard used as a further security against the lapping of the
hair around the brush, it is a light screen of wood or other material fixed
upon the arms r¹, 3, the arm is fixed to one of the handles a, and the other
arm turns freely on the tube c. Sometimes in place of giving to the lines
or sections of bristles a rocking motion as above described, they have a motion
given to them to and from the main axis to cause them to protrude out
through slits in a plain cylinder at the portion of the circumference where
they are required to act on the hair, and to recede into the slits when they are
required to clear themselves from the hair.
Figure 3 is a side view of apparatus thus arranged; Figure 4 is an end
view with one of the handles removed; and Figure 5 is a transverse section
of the same.
a, a, is a spindle witn handles b, b; fixed at its ends, a cylindrical frame is
mounted, so as to turn freely upon it; this frame consists of the end discs c, c,
and the longitudinal bars c', c. In the discs c, are radial slots c*, c*; and
bars d, d, passing from end to end of the cylinder project through these slots,
which thus form guides for the bars to slide in; there are shoulders on the
bars d which prevent them moving lengthways between the end discs. The
cylinder receives its motion from a pulley e, around which, as before, an elastic
driving band passes and one of the end dises c of the cylinder is connected
by means of the tube f with the pulley. Narrow brushes 9, 9, are fixed to
the bars d, so that the bristles of each of these brushes or segments lie in
the space between two of the bars c; h, h, are springs of vulcanized india-
rubber tending constantly to draw the bars c¹ and the brush segments 9 back
within the circle of the bars c and cause the bars to rest on the eccentrics
h*, h*, which are fixed on the spindle a, and as the bars d are carried round

page_text: the brushes they carry are each in turn projected out as they come into
position to act on the hair, and after so acting they are drawn back by the
'springs to clear the bristles from the hair. When it is desired to remove the
brushes for cleaning it can be done by slipping off the springs h, h, and lifting
the bars d out of their slots at one end by inclining them. As a further
security against the hair lapping around the brush we combine therewith an
endless apron, the inner end of which works close up to the brush, so that the
apron acts as a stop to prevent the hair passing around the brush, and motion
being given to the apron so that the surface on which the hair touches travels
away from the brush, the apron tends constantly to straighten the hair which
comes in contact with it. A guard apron of this description is shown applied
to the apparatus last described; i is an arm fixed upon one of the handles b;
and k is another arm embracing the tube f, but not so as to interfere with its
turning; is a cross bar rigidly connecting the arms i and k; m, m, are rollers
mounted so as to turn freely in the arms i and k; the inner one of these rollers m
has a pulley o on its axis, which receives motion by a short band from another
'pulley p on the tube f; q is an endless apron made of silk or other material
strained around the rollers m, m. The long hair which is being operated on
will when it overhangs the brushes rest on the apron, and the movement of
'the apron will tend both to free it from the bristles and also to keep the hair.
straight. Travelling aprons arranged in this manner may, in place of being
used with hair brushes constructed as is shown in the Drawings, be applied
to rotating hair-brushing apparatus of other construction.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles William Smith, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
CHARLES WILLIAM SMITH. (L.S.)