A Gas or similar Motor for Stationary or Locomotive Purposes.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Aug., 1892-Accepted, 8th Oct., 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A Gas or similar Motor for Stationary or Locomotive Purposes.
I ROBERT COOKE SAYER of 11 Clyde Road, Redland Bristol, Civil Engineer
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The object is to obtain
D
1

page_text: Vaporisers are heated by the exhaust, and water of the cylinder jacket. The
gas is drawn from the vaporisers by a fan actuated by the drum, compressed, and
sent to its reservoir, pipes and taps. The surplus of both gas and air is sent away
through relief valves to be used by engines not arranged to generate their own.
DETAILS.
The drum A is mounted upon the axle B, both are hollow: A carries chambers C,
which are open on top: C are surrounded with the grooves CA, Figs. 5 and 6, in
which longitudinal and cross plates CB and CC and CD and CE are fixed: the
latter are provided with springs C F and between C B and C D and CC and CE
continuous packing strips C H are fixed an annular passage CK connects the
chambers with the exhaust H D, through the spaces CI and valves C M: C Mare
regulated so as not to be affected by the pressure of the charge before ignition, and
are provided for relief for starting, should the charge be fired before these chambers
have passed the mouth of the cylinder, the plates C B are kept tight at the joints
by plates CJ, Fig. CJ.
At stated distances apart proportionate to the number of impulses each revolution
the plates CC and CE are omitted, as shown at C Z.
The drum A carries any number of tappets D Figs. 1, 3 and 10 to 13, spaced at
distances proportionate
(a) to act so that a lead of air may pass the vacant grooves CZ
(4) the length of the cylinder mouth, and the distance apart of the cylinder
mouths, of pairs, to enable them to act in either direction. They are formed of two
plates D and DA one over the other, and secured to the side of the drum A by
bolts D B which pass through the slots shown, so that the plates may be drawn
apart and adjusted to give more or less time for the entrance and explosion of the
cylinder charge, and earlier or later as desired: one half of the length of the plate D
is turned down, that of DA is turned up.
One or more of the tappets D have a governor formed of a head DC Figs. 1, 3,
19 and 20 with wings D H and inclines D F, it is attached to the drum A by a
slotted tail piece through which a bolt D E passes and it is able to hinge and slide
upon DE: the tail piece carries the end of a spring D M, the other end of which is
attached to an adjusting screw D N carried by the stirrup DO, that centres upon
the bolt DE: the head is curved with the drum A: in cach governor the
spring D M is of different power so as to act at different speeds, thus at the first
accession of speed, the centrifugal power of the head DC causes the weakest spring
to extend, the head ascends the incline D G, and as it rotates the incline D F meets
the parallel bar DJ, and as DJ is thrust out more or less, it acts upon the throttle
tap V, and the tappet D rotating, thrusts over the bar DJ and slide P, to be
explained, and opens the tap J but its supply is throttled as the speed increases
and the head DC is fully projected, the bar DJ is passed laterally beyond the
reach of the tappets D, which puts the cylinder out of use until the speed again
decreases as the speed still further increases the same takes place with all the
other governors successively whichever way the drum A rotates.
The drum A carries the spur wheel E.
BELT.
:
The periphery of the drum A is surrounded except as below by a belt F Figs. 1, 2,
3, 9, 17 and 18 formed
(a) of a simple belt F
(b) of the base G which forms the support of the whole, a reservoir for the gas,
and carries the journals G A and GAZ that support the axle B :

page_text: :
against the belt at their ends sufficient to keep them in place, except at each side
of the cylinder mouth for closing it to receive the compressed charge and in cases
where only one cylinder is used and the belt does not go farther round the drum A
than is required to close the mouth, the plates C B and CC are held in place by
screws that allow them slight outward play, and they are drawn in by curved lips
at the ends of the belt.
The length of the mouths of the cylinders is so regulated, that before an
approaching chamber C is open to the cylinder a receding chamber C is cut off
from it.
JACKETS AND VAPORISERS.
The cylinders H and H Z carry the water jackets H A, these are connected by
the pipes HB, and provided with overflows H B 13: they also carry oil
vaporisers HC Figs. 1, 3 and 7 in which the heat of the exhaust together with that
of the water of the jackets, vaporises the oil into gas: the exhaust is lead from the
cylinders Hand HZ to the ports HD, chamber H E, pipe and tap HF, pipe HG,
coil H H, shown at the other vaporiser HC at HQ hence to the pipes H.J
and HK and chamber H L which also receives the exhaust from the other
cylinders Hand HZ through the ports H M the chamber H L has a tap H N
Fig. 2, thence to the pipes II O, and HP coil HQ and to the oil reservoir to keep
the oil limpid.
The oil is drawn from its reservoir through the pipe H R and sent to the spraying
nozzles HS by means of compressed air supplied by the pipe H T: the air under
the control of the tap H U is divided at the junction HV, so that H W draws the
oil and HX supplies the nozzles HY with air only the oil and air are under the
control of the tap HCC as the air and oil are sprayed into the vaporiser upon
the pipe coil, it is further split up by meeting the opposing spray of air from the
nozzle HY.
FANS.
:
The belt F carries by means of the journals K, the axle L upon which is mounted
the fans M and N and which receive motion from the wheel LA by the wheel E
and pitch chain LB: the fans work within fixed chambers M A and NA these are
carried by the belt : the fans M and N compress the gas and air which pass
through similar stop valves M E Figs. 14, 15 and 16 to the pipes M F and M G
Figs. 1 and 2, and on to their reservoirs for the purpose of the fans rotating
without doing work, or when desired sending the surplus gas generated, away for
other purposes than that of the engine, a relief valve M H is fixed in a branch
pipe MJ, its spindle M L passes through the branch M O, carries a cross head M M
and has a plunger M K attached: M M carries one end of the springs M N, the
other is carried by the branch M O, so that M K and the valve M H normally takes
the position shewn until the pressure exceeds the strength of the springs M N, then
the plunger M K and valve M H are thrust up, opens the pipe MC to MJ, the
valves ME and M H being driven to their back seats: the pipe MJ is connected
to that of M B Fig. 2, when it is desired for the fan to work idle, thus instead of
the pressure being increased as the fan rotates, the gas or air, as the case may be,
passes in and out of its chamber in a circuit until the pressure in the reservoir falls,
the springs M N then return the valve M H and the air is readmitted through the
valve ME. The compressed gas goes to the reservoir G and pipes JD: the
compressed air to the drum reservoir through the axle B and pipes J C.
MAIN TAPS.
At the back of the cylinder jackets attachments are made by the bolts HGG
in which

page_text: (b) the throttle tap V works for throttling, and shutting off the supply at the
time of the explosion.
(c) the passages JA and JB are formed to conduct the gas and air toward the
cylinders. The tap J is formed of two chambers JZ for gas. E for air: the tap
is kept in place by the face plate JA G, the spindles J Z and J E meet except when
an intermediate spring washer is fixed between to take up the difference in wear
and connects them, so that when the plate J A. G thrusts in the chamber JE, J Z is
also thrust in and both kept tight: each chamber has three ports Figs. 1, 3 and 4
(a) a central to receive a supply (b) an upper to send it to the forward cylinder
(c) a lower to send it to the reverse acting cylinder, in the case of pairs: so that
when the tap J is turned one way, one cylinder is supplied with compressed gas and
air from different ports, and when it is turned the other way, the reverse takes
place. The tap V is also formed in two parts V Z for gas, E for air and they
are secured to their conical seats by the plates VA G similar to the tap J: the
spindles of the chambers carry the arms VA and V B these are connected by the
tangent screw VC that passes through the trunnioned-nuts V D, so that when
the screw VC is turned the relative positions of the chambers V Z and V E are
changed and enables more or less gas or air to be admitted. The spindles of the
chambers JZ and J E of the tap J are similarly fitted so that their relative
positions may also be changed by a tangent screw and a lead more or less given to
the air, for purifying the chamber when the tap is worked this lead escapes by
passing the walls and groove C Z from which the plates have been omitted and
finds its way direct to the exhaust port H D or H M before the cylinder is closed
by the following plate CC.
:
(7) a travelling collar O B, having two levers OC and O D, not over one
another vertically, and a hollow swell O E, through which the screw bolts OF
pass and connect it with
(c) a travelling collar O G which forms part of a screwed travelling spur
wheel OH:
(d) a fixed nut OK and
(e) a lever OO that carries the end of a spring ON, the other end being
carried by the plate OL that gives support to the spindle O so that when the
tap is turned either way the spring ON draws it back centrally. All the
wheels OH are connected by the pitch chain Z and when they receive a rotary
motion they traverse the thread on the spindle O and carry the travelling
collar O B. OB is prevented from turning by the key OJ: the collars O A
and OB, wheel OH and nut OK, have similar projections, so that when the
collars OB and OA meet their faces and projections lock and turn round one
way, and with them the tap J: and when the wheel OH and nut OK meet,
their faces and projections lock and turn round the other way and with them the
tap J.
TAPPET SLIDE AND THROTTLE GEAR.
A slide P, Figs. 1, 3, 21, 25 and 26, one to each single or pair of cylinders
is arranged to slide in projections PA and P B upon the cylinder jacket: Pis
hinged at PC, provided with jaws PD and PE over one another, and in the
same horizontal planes as the ends of the levers OC and O D, but normally
fixed laterally half way between them a lever P F is attached to the jaw PĎ
which carries one end of the spring P G, the other end being fixed to the
bracket PH Fig. 18 carried by the belt F, so that the spring PG keeps
the jaws PD and PE and slide P in position. P is produced and raised
at PJ and at P K the lever P L centres upon it the other end of P L hinges
:

page_text: 5
:
upon the parallel bar DJ at DK and PJ is produced farther and supports
the bar DJ and P L above and below: the parallel bar DJ is slotted
at DJ A, hinged to the bell-crank R by the bolt D L which passes through
the slot the crank R centres upon the projection PB at RA, and the other
end passes within the slide guides S Fig. 23 which is carried by the support S A:
a link RS also centres at R A, is fixed below R, and also passes within the.
slide S, and is provided with a handle for closing the throttle and firing the
first charge at starting: S carries a cross head SB that carries the end of
the stirrup rod T, this hinges at the other end T A upon the stirrup link TB
that is carried by the adjustable trunnioned nut T C, that is secured to the
lever TD by the screw bolt TE: TD is fixed upon the spindle V E of the
throttle tap V, so that when either the bell crank R or link R S is thrust
against the cross head S B motion is given to the tap V. The parallel bar DJ
forms the head of the slide P, and they are normally thrust back by the
tappet meeting the end of DJ as the drum A revolves: during this motion
the bell crank R and link RS are not affected, their centre R A being stationary,
and the slot DJA of the bar DJ allows D J to pass: when the raised
part PJ of the slide P meets the link R S towards the end of the stroke of P,
then RS is thrust over and carries the crosshead SB with it, and closes the
tap V, advances the electric current and explodes the charge after V is closed:
When the parallel
Vis again opened and RS returned by the spring SC.
bar D receives a lateral thrust by the governor incline D F meeting it, when
thrust out by increased speed: the crank R is actuated and thrusts back the
crosshead SB, and throttles the tap V: V is closed by the advance of the
projection PJ whatever its throttled position and opened by the spring S C as
before.
:
GEAR FOR STARTING AND STOPPING.
The belt carries by means of the screw spindle OZ Figs. 1, 3, 4, 17 and 24
a spurr wheel OH Z similar to OH on the spindle of the taps J but with
handles and the bolts of the journal G A Z are produced and carries a screw
spindle and spurr wheel OH A. Figs. 1, 2 and 3, and the pitch chain Z connects
the wheels OH Z and OH A together with all the wheels OH: so that
when OHZ is rotated to the right for starting the engine all the wheels O H
and OH Z receive a similar rotary and lateral motion by traversing their
threads, and as explained turns the taps J, and air and gas are sent to all the
cylinders H the spring ON closes the tap and brings the lever D close
has been started by the
to the jaw PE of the slide P: when the drun
explosion of the charges, its motion brings the tappets D successively against
the end of the parallel bar DJ, and the jaw PE as frequently thrusts back
the lever O D and opens the taps J to the cylinders.
:
When it is required to stop the engine the wheel OH Z is reversed and with
it the wheels OH and OH A, until they reach their central position laterally:
this brings the levers OC and O D to their central position and clear of the
motion of the jaws PD and PE as they are thrust back by the tappet D.
When it is required to reverse, the drum A being in motion the wheel OH %,
is not stopped at the central position but continued and causes the lever OC
of the collar O B to be brought in a line with the jaw PD: should OC in
its lateral travel, meet the jaw P D, the hinge PC allows it to give, and as
the tappet D passes on and the spring PG draws back the slide P and bar DJ,
O the jaw PD is disengaged, and the lever OC having reached its destination,
PD acts against it, thrusts it back, and opens the tap to the cylinders H
however many, this puts the power against the motion of the drum A, assists in
stopping it and reverses it.

page_text: The back spindles J W of the taps J carry an electric switch Q upon an insulated
core QA Fig. 8 being a diagram not to scale and Fig. 27 a detail interior back:
elevation of a box fixed by the bolts O M and OM Z over the ends of the
spindles VW and J W Q normally forms contact with the triple contact Q B.
The spindle V W of the tap V carries a slotted lever Q G, this is connected
with the sliding bar Q H which carries a contact piece QJ, this is connected by a
spring coil to the wires leading to the electrodes QM and Q L, and when the
bar His actuated it brings the contact QJ against the insulated spring Q N
which is connected to the contact Q B, so that normally a free circuit exists from
the generator QZ to the switch Q contact Q B, other switch Q and back to Q Z:
but when the tap J is turned to send the engine forward the switch Q is turned to
the contact Q E, and when the tap V is closed and the bar QH passed, and
brings the contact QJ against the spring QN, a circuit is sent from QZ to Q A,
switch Q contact QE electrodes QL, Figs. 28 and 29 contact QJ spring QN
contact QB, other switch Q and back to Q Z : when the engine is reversed the
switch Q goes to contact Q F, and when the tap V is closed the bar QH is again
passed and a current goes from QZ to Q contact QF electrodes QM contact Q J
spring QN contact QB other switch Qand back to QZ: thus the spindle of the
tap divert the current to the electrodes of the cylinder, and the spindle of the
tap V when it is closed, and not before, allows it to pass on.
THE WORKING IS AS FOLLOWS,
the taps J having been adjusted for lead, taps V for quantities, governors D C for
speed, and reservoirs and batteries charged with gas air and electricity-
The wheel OH Z is rotated for forward" or backward motion of the
drum A, this rotates the wheels OH by the pitch chain Z, and brings them, or the
face of OB against the nuts OK or the collars OA, turns the spindle O of
the chambers E and J Z of the taps J, and supplies the cylinders H or H Z
through the passages J A and J B, at the same time the other cylinders of pairs
are opened to atmospheric air the link R S is drawn over, the throttle V is closed
and the electric current passed on to the electrodes, the charge is fired, the drum A

page_text: rotates, say forward; as it does so it successively brings the tappets D against the
bar DJ, thrusts it in with the slide P against the pull of the spring PG, by
means of the end of DJ taking against P, and the bolts DK and PK: this
brings the jaw PE against the lever D, which has been brought up by the
wheel OH, thus one or more of the cylinders, receive the air lead first, that passes
off at the void chambers CZ of the drum A to the exhaust H D and purifies the
cylinder as the following plate CC of the drum chamber C, that have the
valves CM, closes the cylinder, the air supply continues with the gas supply,
the charge reaches the desired pressure but does not open the valves C M: the
projection PJ of the slide P having meanwhile reached the link R S, it thrusts it
over, closes the throttle tap V, whose back spindle actuates the electric slide Q H,
and allows the current, that has been forwarded; by the back spindle of the tap J
actuating the switch Q, to pass on and spark at the electrodes QL, and again
explodes the charge, just at the time the chamber C with its opening C L frees the
cylinder to the exhaust through the passage C K and chambers C this action is
repeated to each cylinder as each of the tappets D come into position, until the
desired speed is exceeded, then the governor that has the weakest spring D M
gradually extends it, by the centrifugal action of the head DC and it ascends the
incline D G as the incline D F mects the side of the parallel bar D J it is thrust
out centering with its link P L and crank R on the bolts P K and RA and thrusts
back the crank R, rod T and throttles the tap V: the_link RS is not affected
until the tappet D again drives in the extended bar DJ and slide P, by the
bolts DK and PK, the slot in DJ allows this without affecting the crank Ŕ and
tap V then when the projection PJ meets the link R S, whatever the position
of crank R and tap V, the link R S thrusts over the rod T closes V and the
reduced charge in the cylinder is fired when the governor fully acts the bar D) J
is thrust clear of the rotation of the tappet D and thrusts the crank R to the first
dotted position, and thus closes the tap V and since P is not depressed the tap J
is not actuated or the cylinder charged.
•
:
Upon a further accession of speed a second or more, governors are brought into
play and act similarly.
When the engine is started the lateral travel of the wheel OH Z actuates the
bell crank arms UA and U thus admits (a) air and gas to the vaporisers H C by
the taps H U and HCC and (b) cold water through the tap WC to the
jacket H A, its exhaust tap W D having been closed: this flows away by the
pipes H B B.
To stop the engine the wheel OH Z is brought back to a central position, thus
again rotating the wheels OH but in a reverse direction and bringing the
levers OC and OD equidistant laterally from the jaws P D and PE, so that
when the continued motion of the drum A thrusts in PD and PE, with the slide P,
they escape OC and O D, but should it be required for the purpose of stopping
to oppose the power of the engine against its motion, the wheel OH Z is still
further reversed and so brings the other lever OC or O D, as the case may be, in
a line with the jaw PD or P E so that the reverse acting cylinder H or H Z,
whichever it may be, shall act similarly, the spacing of the vacant grooves C Z and
valves C M of the chambers C of the drum A being arranged for acting both
ways, so that the full energy of the engine is at once directed against the motion
of A.
RECTILINEAR MOTION.
This is obtained by using the means above described but instead of grouping
any number of cylinders round the periphery of a drum, they are placed apart in
each case, in a right, or straight, or curved line, being connected together and fixed
upon the ground continuously, as far as required: the supply of air gas and
electricity is then generated at a central station, and sent to the various cylinders
through pipes: instead of a drum carrying the vanes they are continuous in a
straight line under the vehicle to be actuated, and long enough to connect with one

page_text: or more of the cylinders as required: the tappets acting upon the slide P are also
ranged in a line, carried by the vehicle, and depressed and raised by hand as
required: the slides P are carried as above at the sides of the cylinders, thus the
action is the same but in a continuous line instead of rotarily.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
:
1st. The construction and use of one or more fixed cylinders to act in one
direction or in pairs, each to act in opposite directions when required: connected
by a belt and so grouped wholly or in part, round a drum capable of rotating upon
an axle, that chambers upon the periphery of the drum, with their plates, that are
forced against the belt by springs, together with such fixed cylinders form closed
cylinders capable of receiving compressed explosive charges at the right moment,
but upon firing a charge they become free cylinders
(a) by the energy opening valves and
(b) by the rotation of the drum bringing openings up to the mouth of the
cylinders which connect with the exhaust: also for firing such explosive
charges of compressed gas and air, with electric sparks passing between
electrodes fixed in such cylinders, and directing its energy tangentially
against and into open peripheral chambers of the drum, and enabling the
exhaust to escape freely through an annular passage in the drum also for
the means used to purify the cylinders by a lead of air substantially as
described.
2nd. For one or more tappets fixed upon the drum, formed of a pair of double
wedged or inclined plates, one on top of the other, slotted, and secured by two
bolts, that pass through the slots, to the drum: so that the plates may be adjusted
relatively with one another, or together relatively with the drum :
Also the form and working of the sliding bar which is depressed by the tappets
and composed of
(a) its head which is hinged, slotted, and acts as a parallel bar when it
receives a lateral thrust and so acts upon its connecting levers, that one of
them formed as a bellerank actuates the throttle tap, through a rod and
lever and except when this head is thrust laterally beyond the reach of the
tappets, it is thrust back longitudinally by them and with it the sliding
bar, so that
:
(b) a projection on the sliding bar meets a link fixed below the bell-crank,
and closes the throttle tap before the ignition of the charge in the
cylinder
(c) two tail jaws that are hinged to and work with it: these are so placed
as to work the levers of the supply tap, and the upper of the two
carries
(d) a lever, and spring, that draws back the jaws, slide, and head into place
substantially as described.
3rd. Fixing to each cylinder, single or double, an excrescence carrying
(1st) a tap formed of two chambers, one of which controls the supply of gas, the
other the air they are connected together by levers attached to central spindles,
so as to form an angle: each carry a trunnioned nut, through which a tangent
screw is passed, so that by turning the screw their relative positions are changed,
and an adjustable lead given to the air chamber: the spindles touch or have an
elastic washer between them the outer chamber is thrust to its seat by a plate
adjusted by screw bolts, and the thrust is transmitted direct to, or through the
washer, to the inner chamber: the spindle of the outer chamber is produced and
carries
(a) a fixed collar with a projection
(b) a travelling collar and projection, and two levers the same distance apart

page_text: inclines and
(d) a central slotted tee piece, through which a bolt passes and secures it to
the drum, and upon this bolt it can hinge and slide: it carries the end of a
spring the other end is secured to an adjusting screw bolt that is carried by
a stirrup centering on the above bolt the inner heavy part of the head
takes against an incline formed on the side of the drum, so that as the speed
of drum and governors increase the centrifugal power of the head extends
the spring, thrusts the head up the incline, and its other face beyond the line
of the drum and one of the inclines, according to the direction, takes
against the side of the parallel bar head of the above slide, the end of
which is acted upon by the tappets, and so thrusts it out proportionately to
the speed, and keeps it in that position until the tappet has passed, then
allows it to descend upon the other incline: but when the speed is such that
the parallel bar is fully thrust out the tappet passes without touching it,
and the cylinder is not used and that as the speed increases the other
governors successively act similarly as the differing strengths of their springs
allow substantially as described.
:
h. For vaporising oil and generating the gas used
(a) for storage to restart the engine
(b) for working the engine
:
(c) for other purposes: first by diverting the exhaust from the cylinders to
heat pipe coils in the vaporising chambers: second, by fixing the vaporisers
partly within and to form one side of the cylinder water jacket the gas is
drawn away and compressed by a fan, worked by the engine and sent to its
reservoir and pipes, but passes a regulating valve on its way, so that when
the desired pressure is attained the valve is opened and the gas completes a
circuit through the fan chamber, the fan doing little or no work: or when
B

page_text: desired the gas is forced at a reduced pressure away for other purposes,
until the pressure of the gas for the engine supply falls, then it is auto-
matically rediverted by the valve.
Also for similarly compressing air with a fan and sending it to its reservoir,
and when at the desired pressure diverting it like the gas also for the use
of such compressed gas and air in other engines when they do not generate
them themselves substantially as described.
6th. Connecting an electric switch to the spindle of the supply tap, so that it
forwards an electric current as far as a sliding bar, that carries an electric contact
piece, which is connected up to electrodes within the cylinders: so that the sliding
bar which is actuated by the spindle of the throttle tap, after it is closed, makes
contact with a spring, allows the current to pass on, spark between the electrodes
and fire the charge substantially as described.
7th. Placing the cylinders and adjuncts used as above described for rotary
motion, successively in a line and connecting them with a continuous belt or trough,
and thus obtain rectilinear motion substantially as described.
Dated this 30th day of July 1892.
ROBERT COOKE SAYER.