IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL, AND FOR OTHER METALLURGICAL PURPOSES"
Year: 1878

page_text: "
LETTERS PATENT to John Hollway, of Jeffrey's Square, in the City of
London, for the Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL, AND FOR OTHER METALLURGICAL
PURPOSES"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Hollway at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th October 1878.
«
JOHN HOLLWAY, of Jeffrey's Square, in the City of London. IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL, AND FOR OTHER
METALLURGICAL PURPOSES."
These improvements consist in modifications of the Bessemer converter, so that
the vessel shall have two tuyere hearths which can alternately be brought under-
neath the metal by partial revolutions of the vessel. These tuyere hearths can each
be furnished with any requisite number of tuyeres.
I do not wish to confine myself to the exact form, size, or position of the appa-
ratus, but the annexed rough sketches on Sheet No. 1 will show the four principal
positions the vessel can be made to assume, viz. :-
Position No. 1.-That in which the crude molten metal is first run in, and to
which position it can be returned in order (after oxidation) to allow the slag to
separate from the metal. The slag may afterwards be run off or otherwise with-
drawn.
Positions Nos. 2 and 4.--Those in which the metal lies on the tuyere hearths
during oxidation or carburization.
Position No. 3. That in which air and gases are introduced through the tuyeres
above the surface of the metal, for reheating by combustion of the gases, or for
cooling and refining the metal by means of the currents of air.
The oxidation of the metalloids is effected by blowing air through the bottom!
tuyeres when the vessels is in No. 2 or No. 4 position; but, simultaneously, air can
DO1

page_text: _ also be blown down on the metal from the top tuyeres. In this way the carbonic
oxide resulting from the oxidation of the carbon-in-the-metal will be burned in the
vessel, thus increasing the temperature-of-the operation, consequently non-sillicious
crude iron can be used.
When, however, it is desired to reduced the temperature of the operation a larger
quantity of air can be driven in from the top tuyeres than is necessary for the
combustion-of the-carbonic.oxide produced.
The temperature of the metal may be further reduced by introducing with the
blasts of air, or at the mouth of the vessel, oxide of iron, limestone, and other
suitable materials.
In the annexed sketches on Sheet No. 2 arrangements are shewn for passing the
blast of air through incandescent carbon, in order to produce carbonic oxide, which
being a non-oxidizing gas, will serve as a vehicle for introducing hydrocarbons and
other carburizing substances.
During the introduction at the lower tuyere hearth of either carbonic oxide or
hydrocarbons, or both, the vessel being in No. 2 or No. 4 position, air can be blown
down through the opposite tuyeres, and thus the metal can be kept molten by the
heat produced by the combustion of the gases in the vessel, also of any carbon not
taken up by the metal.
This apparatus is especially suitable for carrying out the objects of my Patent,
No. 1935, dated 17th May 1877; but when for the purpose of purifying and
dephosphorising iron large quantities of oxide of iron, limestone, and other bases
are used a basic lining for the vessel may be employed.
The apparatus can likewise be utilized for the purposes of my Patent, No. 1131,
dated 21st March 1878, arrangements being made for collecting the gases and
substances volatilized or carried over by the vapours. The protosulphide would be
run into the vessel, and after oxidation the resulting slag would be allowed to
separate in the vessel in No. 1 position, and afterwards run off or otherwise with-
drawn. A further quantity of protosulphide would then be introduced, and the
oxidation continued, a sufficient quantity of concentrated regulus having been
produced, oxidation could be completed in the shallow hearth, the vessel being in
No. 3 position. While the oxidation of the protosulphide is taking place on the
lower tuyere hearth, sulphurretted hydrogen could be driven in through the upper
tuyeres, in order to produce free sulphur by the mutual decomposition of the
sulphurous acid evolved, with the sulphuretted hydrogen driven in.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Hollway in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th
April 1879.
JOHN HOLLWAY, of Jeffrey's Square, in the City of. London.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL, AND FOR OTHER
METALLURGICAL PURPOSES."
These improvements consist in modifications of
the vessel shall have two tuyere hearths which can
neath the metal by partial revolutions of the vessel.
be furnished with any requisite number of tuyeres.
the Bessemer converter, so that
alternately be brought under-
These tuyere hearths can each
I do not wish to confine myself to the exact form, size, or position of the appa-
ratus, but the annexed rough sketches will show the four principal positions the
vessel can be made to assume, viz. :-
Position No. 1.-That in which the crude molten metal is first run in, and to
which position it can be returned in order (after oxidation) to allow the slag to
separate from the metal. The slag may afterwards be run off or otherwise with-
drawn.
Positions Nos. 2 and 4.-Those in which the metal lies on. the tuyere hearths
during oxidation or carburization.
Position No. 3. That in which air and gases are introduced through the tuyeres
above the surface of the metal, for reheating by combustion of the gases, or for
cooling and refining the metal by means of currents of air.
The oxidation of the metalloids is effected by blowing air through the bottom
tuyeres when the vessel is in No. 2 or No. 4 position; but, simultaneously, air can
also be blown down on the metal from the top tuyeres. In this way the carbonic
oxide resulting from the oxidation of the carbon in the metal will be burned in the
vessel, thus increasing the temperature of the operation, consequently non-silicious
crude iron can be used.
When, however, it is desired to reduce the temperature of the operation a larger
quantity of air can be driven in from the top tuyeres than is necessary for the
combustion of the carbonic oxide produced.
The temperature of the metal may be further reduced by introducing with the
blasts of air, or at the mouth of the vessel, oxide of iron, limestone, or other suitable
materials.
In the annexed sketches, Figs. 1 and 2, arrangements are shewn for passing the
blast of air through incandescent carbon, in order to produce carbonic oxide, which,
being a non-oxidizing gas, will serve as a vehicle for introducing hydrocarbons and
other carburizing substances.
During the introduction at the lower tuyere hearth of either carbonic oxide or
hydrocarbons, or both, the vessel being in No. 2 or. No. 4 position, air can be blown
down through the opposite tuyeres, and thus the metal can be kept molten by the
heat produced by the combustion of the gases in the vessel, also of any carbon not
taken up by the metal.
This apparatus is especially suitable for carrying out the objects of my Patent,
No. 1935, dated the 17th day of May 1877; but when for the purpose of purifying
and dephosphorising iron, large quantities of oxide of iron, limestone, and other
bases are used a basic lining for the vessel may be employed.
The apparatus can likewise be utilized for the purposes of my Patent, No. 1131,
dated the 21st day of March 1878, arrangements being made for collecting the gases
and substances volatilized or carried over by the vapours. The protosulphide would
be run into the vessel, and after oxidation the resulting slag would be allowed to
separate in the vessel in No. 1 position, and afterwards run off or otherwise with-
drawn. A further quantity of protosulphide would then be introduced, and the
oxidation continued; a sufficient quantity of concentrated regulus having been

page_text: produced, oxidation could be completed in the shallow hearth, the vessel being in
No.3-position. While the oxidation of the protosulphide is taking place on the lower
tuyere hearth, sulphuretted hydrogen could-be-driven in through the upper tuyères,
in order to produce free sulphur by the mutual decomposition of the sulphurous
acid evolved with the sulphuretted hydrogen driven in.
I therefore claim as new and as of my Invention a modification of the Bessemer
_converter, so that it shall have two tuyère hearths which can alternately be brought
underneath the metal by partial revolution of the vessel, all as herein-before sub-
stantially set forth.
-In-witness-whereof,-1,-the-said-John-Hollway, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this the Twenty-sixth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine.
Signed & sealed in the
presence of
FRANCIS WILLIAM BARNES,
416, Strand, W.C.
JOHN LONGMAID,
20, Victoria Grove,
Stoke Newington, London.
JOHN HOLLWAY.. (L.S.)