DIVERS NEWE WAYES AND MEANES BY WHICH COACHES, CAROACHES, CART(, AND OTHER CARRIAGE MAIE BEMADE TO LAST AND CONTYNUE LONGER TO GOE WITH MORE EASE TO THE PARTIES THAT SHALL USE THEM AND THE BEASTES THAT SHALL DRAWE THEM, AND BE KEPT AND MAYNTEYNED WITH LESSE CHARGE THEN SUCH LIKE HAVE HERETOFORE BEENE IN THE ORDINARIE COURSES FORMERLIE VSED, THAT IS TO SAIE, BY MAKINGE THE AXELTREES OF IRON, BRASSE, OR STEELE, EITHER LTHED, OR OF TwoS FED SY IN EITHER, AND ED VNDER THE BODLE OF THE CAGE, WHEREBY ALL CHARGE OF CLOWTING WILBE SAVED, AND THE WHEELS AND AXELTREES TO BE SOCED AND CONTRIVED AS IN INT OF TYME THE W BE S
Year: 1625

page_text: come, greetinge.
WHEREAS our welbeloved subiecte EDWARD KNAPPE, hath by his owne
studie, charge, and industrie, found out and invented "DIVERS NEWE WAYES
AND MEANES BY WHICH COACHES, CAROACHES, CART(, AND OTHER CARRIAGE MAIE
BEMADE TO LAST AND CONTYNUE LONGER TO GOE WITH MORE EASE TO THE PARTIES
THAT SHALL USE THEM AND THE BEASTES THAT SHALL DRAWE THEM, AND BE KEPT
AND MAYNTEYNED WITH LESSE CHARGE THEN SUCH LIKE HAVE HERETOFORE BEENE
IN THE ORDINARIE COURSES FORMERLIE VSED, THAT IS TO SAIE, BY MAKINGE THE
AXELTREES OF IRON, BRASSE, OR STEELE, EITHER OF ONE LENGTH FIXED TO THE
ONE WHEELE AND BOXED IN THE OTHER, OR OF Two LENGTHS FIXED SEVERALLY
IN EITHER WHEELE, AND BOXED VNDER THE BODLE OF THE CARRIAGE, WHEREBY
ALL CHARGE OF CLOWTING WILBE SAVED, AND THE WHEELS AND AXELTREES TO
BE SOE PLACED AND CONTRIVED AS IN AN INSTANT OF TYME THE WHEELES MAIE
BE SHUTT CLOSER TOGETHER, WHERE THE NARROWNES OF THE WAIE SHALL REQUIRE
ITT, WITHOUT ANTE DAUNGER, OR TO BE ENLARGED AND SETT WYDER AS SHALL BE MOST
SAFE AND EASEY FOR THE PASSENGER, AND WITH A DEVISE WHEREBY THE COACHMAN
WITHOUT COMYING FROM HIS BOXE SHALL IN ANIE DESCENT OF GROUNDE KEEPE THE
HINDER WHEELES FROM TURNINGE, SOE AS THE CARRIAGE SHALL GOE DOWNE HILL
WITH NOE MORE HURT OR DANGER TO THE PASSINGERS OR HORSES THEN IN PLAYNE
GROUND, AS ALSOE BY HANGINGE THE BODIE OF THE COACH OR CAROACH TO THE
CARRIAGES BY Two SPRINGES OF STEELE BEFORE AND TWO BEHINDE, FOR THE
MORE EASE OF THE TREVELLOR, AND SAVINGE THE DAYLY CHARGE OF GREASE BY

page_text: VSINGE OYLE IN STEEDE THEREOF, AND KEEPINGE THE HORSES AND OTHER BEASTES
FROM GALLINGE THEIR BODIES WITH THEIR GEARES, AND MAKINGE THEM DRAWE
ATT MORE EASE AND WITH MORE STRENGTH BY THE HELPE OF NEWE INVENTED
COLLORS OF PLATE OF IRON OR STEELE, AND BY RAYSINGE THE HARNES HIGHER
THEN IN THE ORDINARIE COURSE OF DRIVINGE," by the benefitt of which severall
Invenčons our lovinge subiecte maie make the vse of coaches, caroaches, and
other carriages more Suiceable, durable, and vseful, and lesse chargeable vnto
them in tymes to come, then have beene heretofore; in consideracon whereof,
the said Edward Knapp hath humbly peticoned vs, that wee would be
graciously pleased to graunt vnto hym the priuiledge and sole benefitt of his
owne arte, skill, and invenčon concerninge the pmisses in all pticulers afore
menconed, that he may reape some equall and fittinge allowance and reward
from all such as shall make vse of the said Invenčons or anie of them, within
this our realme of England and dominion of Wales, as in like case hath beene
vsually graunted to others.
and so
::
KNOW YEE, THEREFORE, that wee beinge willinge to cherish and in-
courage all our lovinge subiecte in such engins and proffitable invenčons as tend
to the publique vsc, Suice, and benefitt of our lovinge subiecte, and fyndinge itt
agreable to honor and iustice that the authors and first inventors thereof
should in some measure reape the fruites of their labours, studies, and
industries for encouragement of them and others in the like good and laudable
indeavors, have, for these and diuers other good causes and consideracons, of
our especiall grace, certeyne knowledge, and meere mocon, given and graunted,
and by these sente, for vs, our heires and successors, doe give and graunte
vnto the said Edward Knappe, his executors, administrators, and assignes, full
licence, power, priuilege, and authoritie, that he, the said Edward
Knappe, his executors, administrators, and assignes, or anie of them, by
himselfe or themselves, or his or their deputies, factors, servante, or worke-
men, shall or maie, at all and every tyme and tymes, and from tyme to tyme
duringe the terme hereafter in and by these sente graunted and lymited, att
his and their owne proper coste and chardges, make, frame, sett vp, vse,
practise, and put in vre, within our said realme of England and domynion of
Wales, or in anie place or place in either of them, the said newe deuised
axeltrees of mettall of one or more lengths, in coaches, caroaches, carte,
waggons, or other carriages, and the said invenčons for making the wheeles
come closer together, or goe further asunder, or stoppinge the hinder wheeles
from turninge, hanginge the bodies by springe of steele, vsinge oyle in stead
of greasinge, and the newe devised horse collers and harnes aforesaid, and the

page_text: same soe made, prepared, and fitted for vse, to vtter, sell, or otherwise to
dispose of or doe awaie, or to teache or instructe others to make, ppare, or
make vse of, att the sole will and. pleasure of the said Edward Knappe, his
executors, administrators, or assignes, for his and their owne best proffitt and
aduantage and comoditie; and to the end that the said Edward Knapp, his
executors, admynistrators, and assignes, and everie of them, maie have and
enioy the full and whole benefitt and comodite in makinge, framynge, vsinge,
and disposinge of the said nowe devised axeltrees of metall of one or more
lengths, in coaches, caroaches, or other carriages, and the said invencons for
makinge the wheeles come closer together, or goe further a sunder, or
stoppinge the hinder wheeles from turning, hanging the bodies by springes of
stecle, vsinge oyle in steade of greasinge, and the newe devised horse collers and
harnes aforesaid, within our said realme of England and domynion of Wales,
accordinge to the true meaninge of these psente, duringe all the terme of yeares
hereafter by these psente graunted as a recompence which wee intend to the
saide Edward Knapp, his executors, administrators, and assignes, for the labour,
arte, industrie, and chardge expended and ymployed in and about the atteyn-
ynge and fyndinge out of the said newe devised axeltrees, and other devises and
invenčons aforesaid, our will and pleasure is, and by these presente wee doe, of our
further especiall grace, 2taine knowledge, and meere mocon, for vs, our heires
and successors, straightly charge and comaunde all and everie person and
persons whatsoever, of what estate, condičon, or degree soever he or they be,
that he, they, or anie of them, shall not, within our said realme of England
and domynion of Wales, or either of them, in anie place or places wheresoever,
for and duringe the terme of yeares hereafter, in and by these presente
graunted, make, erecte, frame, sett vpp, or vse anie such or the like newe
devised axeltrees of meatle, of one or more lengths, in coaches, caroaches,
cartes, or other carriages, and the said Invenĉons of makinge the wheeles come
closer together or goe further a sunder, or stoppinge the hinder wheeles from
turninge, hanging the bodies by springs of steele, vsinge oyle in steed of
greasinge, and the newe devised horse collers and harness aforesaid, or anie
of them, or anie part of the same, for the vse herein-before menconed or
described, nor shall counterfeite, imitate, or resemble the same in all or anie
the part or members of the same, nor shall vse, exercise, or imploy for anie
the vses or intente aforesaid, anie such newe devised axeltrees, boxes, collers,
or springes of steele, or other the misses in resemblance or imitačon of the
same, without the lycence of the said Edward Knapp, his executors, administř,
or assignes, in that bebalfe first had and obteyned, vpon payne of the heavy
indignacon of vs, our heires and successors, and vpon such further paynes,
fynes, imprisonm", and other punishmente, as by the lawes and statute of thiz

page_text: realme cann or may be inflicted or ymployed vpon the offendors for their
disobedience in contemning our royall comaundem in this behalfe; to have,
hould, vse, exercise, and enjoy all and everie the said lycences, powers, priui-
ledges, and authorities, benefitte, and other the misses, to the said Edward
Knappe, his executors, administrators, and assignes, from the daie of the date
of these psente, for and duringe the full end and terme of fowerteene ycares
from thence next ensuynge, fully to be compleate and ended, yealdinge and
payinge therefore yearely, and the said Edward Knappe doth, for hym, his
executors, administrators, and assignes, covenaunt, pmise, graunte, and agree
to and with vs, our heires and successors, by these present to paie
vnto vs, our heires and successors, att the receipt of the Exchequer, the
yearely some or rente of fortie shilling of lawfull money of England att
the Feast of the Nativitie of Saint John Baptist, att one entire payment
yearely and everie yeare duringe the said terme of fowertcene yeares; and
for the better execucon of this our graunt, wee doe by these sente, for
vs, our heires and successors, give and graunt vnto the said Edward Knappe,
his executors, administrators, and assignes, full power and authoritie that he or
they, or any of them, or his or their or anie of their deputies, factors, agente, or
servaunte, shall and maie, from time to time and at all tymes duringe the said
terme of fowerteene yeares herein-before expressed, with the ayde and assistance
of a constable or some other officer, in due and lawfull manner enter into all and
everie shopp and shoppes, house and houses, place and places convenyent where
he, they, or anie of them shall have cause pbably to suspecte that anie such axel-
trees, boxes, collors, or springes, or other the invenĉons and devises aforesaid, or
anic of them, shalbe in workinge, contrivinge, or framinge, or shalbe in vse, or
intended to be framed, sett vpp, or vsed, or shall be wrought, contrived, or
framed without the lycence or allowance of the said Edward Knapp, his
executors, administrators, or assignes, and there diligently and carefully to
try, looke, and search for the said axeltrees, boxes, collers, or springes, or
other the inventons or devises aforesaid, soe to bee Ppared, made, and put in
vse without the priuitie and allowance of the said Edward Knapp, his
executors, admiynistrators, or assignes, contrarie to the true meaninge of these
presente, and fyndinge anie such or anic resistance in the search and fyndinge
out of the same, that then he or they, or anie of them, doe certifie the same
into the Courte of Exchequer of vs, our heires and successors, to the end the
offendors therein maie receive condigne punishment for the same their offences,
vuto wch Court of Exchequer wee doe by these psente, for vs, our heires and
successors, give power and authoritie, vpon such certificate as aforesaid, and
'due proofe of the said misdemeanors and offences, to inflicte such punishment,
by fyne and imprisonm' or otherwise, vpon offendors as shalbe thought mecte

page_text: and answerable to the offences; and for the better assistance of the said
Edward Knappe, his executors, deputies, and assignes, in the havinge or
enioyinge the full and sole benefitt of this our priviledge and his owne invenĉou,
accordinge to the true meaninge of these presente, during all the tyme therein
graunted, wee doe by these psente for vs, our heires and successors, streightly
chardge and comaund as well all and singuler maiors, sheriffes, justices of
peace, bayliffe, constables, and headboroughs, and all other the officers,
mynisters, and subiecte whatsoever of us, our heires and successors, that they
and everie of them be from tyme to tyme aydinge, helpinge, and assistinge
vnto the said Edward Knappe, his executors, administrators, and assignes,
and to his and their deputies, servante, and workemen, in all thing in and
about the accomplishment of our pleasure, expressed in theis our Letters
Patent and in the execučon of the same, and of all and everie article, clause,
and thinge therein conteyned, and that they or anie of them doe not in
anie wise hinder, molest, or intupt the said Edward Knappe, his executors,
administrators, or assignes, or his or their deputies, agente, servante, or
workemen, or ani of them, in anie thinge concerning the pisses, as they
tender our pleasure and will answere for the contrarie att their perille; and
these our Lres Patent or thinrollment thereof shalbe their sufficient warrant
and discharge in that behalfe. And alsoe of our like speciall grace, Eten
knowledge, and meere mocon, we doe, for vs, our heires and successors,
graunte vnto the said Edward Knapp, his executors, administr, and assignes,
that these sente, or thinrollment of the same, shall stand and be and shalbe
construed and taken to be good, firme, sufficient, and effectuall in the lawe
for all thintent and purposes aforesaid, and most avaylable for the benefitt
of the said Edward Knappe, his executors, administrators, and assignes,
notwithstanding the not perticuler or not exacte discribinge of the said axel-
trees, boxes, collers, springes, engins, invenčons, or devises, or any of them,
and notwithstandinge the not settinge forth and declaringe, or not rightly or
pticulerly declaringe and specifyinge, the severall vses, services, and advantages
of the said axeltrees, boxes, collers, springes, or other engins, or anie of them,
or anie other defecte or incteyntie whatsoever in theis our Lies Patente. And
although expresse menčon, &c.
In witnes. &c. witnes our selfe att Westmi, the Seaventh day of Januarie