ORACH
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Cory of N° 5 Church Road Castelnau, Barnes
in the County of Surrey, Civil & Mechanical Engineer. for an Invention of
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Cory at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th March 1883.
. EDWARD CORY of N° 5 Church Road Castlenau Barnes in the County of
IMPROVEMENTS
Surrey Civil and Mechanical Engineer
IN WOODWORKING
MACHINERY
In hand power circular sawbenches, which may also be driven by steam, I put
the fly wheel and handle on a separate shaft or spindle from the saw, and drive
from it to the saw spindle with a driving or pitch chain, which may be below the
table and entirely out of the way; this pitch chain I keep to a sufficient tension
by means of a roller which can easily be adjusted-My object in driving from a
separate shaft, in this manner, is to keep the table clear on both sides of the bench
for crosscutting timber, as there is then no flywheel, pulley, or crank in the way;
and also, by making the pitched wheel on the driving shaft larger than on the saw
spindle, to give an increased speed to the saw, as I find that when the saw spindle
is itself driven by the crank handle the saw does not revolve fast enough to cut
sufficiently clean.
For the self-acting feed on circular saw benches, I form a star attached to a
spindle running in fixed bearings below the bench, in such a manner that the points
or teeth project above the bench; this star is driven from the saw spindle or any
other suitable part of the machine, and revolves in front of the saw in such a
manner that the material to be cut, when pressed down upon it by rollers & springs
or weights & guided by a fence plate, is carried by its projecting teeth on to the
saw-By making the feed act upon the underside of the material, the saw cuts the
mark of the feed out when it is used for rebating, grooving &c.
In mounting Band saw Pulleys, I form the pin upon which the upper pulley
works as part of a block having V guides; this block hangs upon and is tightened

page_text: by a screw & hand wheel, the screw passing through a bridge shaped steel spring,
which bears against the upper part of the Band Saw arm; by turning the screw,
the band saw pulley can be raised to suit the length of the Band saw, and by
continuing the operation, the spring becomes slightly compressed, and sufficient
tension is put upon the saw without straining it.
In cutting tenons upon a circular saw bench, whether for steam or hand power,
I form a bridge shaped casting with V shaped feet, and screw on the bench two
strips, or cut two grooves in the table, & fit them for the feet to slide in.
In the
upper part of the bridge is an angle plate, working in a groove or slot at right
angles to the saw; to this plate the piece to be tenoned is cramped, one or more
saws may then be put on the spindle, and by pushing the bridge over them, any
depth of tongue may be cut, without altering the height of the saw above the
bench. To get the length from shoulder to shoulder, I screw in a vertical rod on
the bridge, which carries a sliding gauge, bearing against the opposite shoulder
I also make a machine as a general joiner in the following manner. I fix two
spindles in suitable framing, so that both can rise & fall independently of each
other by gearing or screws. The upper spindle carries a circular saw & a cutter
block for planing, moulding, grooving, rebating &c, while the lower spindle carries
a similar cutter block. To the upper spindle are also attached feed rollers driven by
suitable gearing-For planing two sides at once the material is passed along on a
bed between the two cutter blocks, and is driven by the feed rollers, by which
means the operation of thicknessing or moulding can also be performed. Above
this bed & adjustable with the top cutter block is another table or bed formed.of
two pieces, one on either side of the spindle or cutter block, and rising and falling
on inclined planes. By suitable adjustment, and by means of these tables, the
upper side of the top cutter block can be used for trying-up, moulding, chamfering,
grooving, rebating &c. either with or without a fence or guide plate as occasion may
require. These tables, when closed together, form a level bed upon which sawing
may be done, when also an outside table plate may be attached to the machine for
this purpose. The two outer ends of the upper and lower spindles may have tenon
blocks with suitable cutters fixed to them, when the material is pushed past them
on a sliding guide a complete tenon & shoulder being cut at one operation. To
the end of one of the spindles may also be attached a suitable auger for boring, or
for cutting mortises, in which latter case I attach a table to carry the material,
having a lateral motion together with a motion by which the wood is forced upon
the auger.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Edward Cory in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 15th September
1883.
EDWARD CORY, of 5 Church Road Castelnau, Barnes in the county of Surrey.
Civil & Mechanical Engineer IMPROVEMENTS IN WOODWORKING MACHINERY.
I construct hand power circular saw benches, which may also be driven by
steam, with a separate driving shaft, which is geared to the saw spindle by a pitch
chain. By this arrangement I am able to drive the saw spindle at a faster rate
than the driving or countershaft; to keep the pitch wheels & chain entirely below
the bench; and to considerably reduce the friction by using a chain instead of a
leather belt, as there is no necessity to keep the chain very tight. As by this plan
there are no pulleys or fly wheel on the saw spindle the bench is entirely clear on
both sides for cross cutting timber. Figs 1 & 2 of the annexed drawing show an
adaptation of this arrangement. A is the level of the surface of the bench. Bis
the saw spindle upon which is fixed the pitch wheel C. D is the driving or.
countershaft with its pitch wheel E. and F is the chain connecting C. & E. The
roller G can be placed to bear against the chain for the purpose of tightening it, or
to alter its length when the saw spindle is made to rise and fall as shown in the
drawing. H is the rising and falling carriage for the saw spindle working in
bearings I. I. and actuated by a lever J. which can be cramped in any position to
the quadrant L. For feeding the timber on to the saw I place a small toothed disc
or star M. to run on a spindle so that its teeth project slightly above the table of
the saw bench, this is driven from the saw spindle by a worm and wormwheel and
a pair of mitre wheels as shown in the drawing or by any other suitable means.
In revolving, the teeth of the star carry the timber on to the saw. As the rising
and falling carriage and the star have the same centre of motion, the latter does
not rise and fall when the former is moved. The star is also so adapted that it can
be taken off or put on as occasion may require in the same way as the saw by
simply unscrewing the nut which holds it to its spindle.
In Band Sawing Machines, I construct a block working in guides to carry the
axle of one of the band saw pulleys so that it shall be drawn upwards or outwards
by a screw which is supported on a bridge shaped spring. On turning the screw
the pulley is adjusted to suit the length of the band saw, and on further turning
the screw the bridge shaped spring becomes slightly compressed so as to put a
tension on the saw. As the pulley therefore rides on the spring, the tendency to
break the saw is greatly reduced. Figs 3 & 4 show the means I adopt. A is the
band saw pulley. B the sliding block carrying its axle. C the bridge shaped
spring. D the screw with hand wheel attached which passes through a hole in the
spring and screws into the block B.
In cutting tenons on circular saw benches I make a bridge shaped holder or
casting with V shaped feet running in parallel grooves in the sawbench or under
parallel strips screwed on to the bench. In the upper part of the holder I cramp
the piece to be tenoned. The holder is then made to slide over the saws either by
hand or automatically. Fig 5 represents the method I adopt. A is the bridge
shaped holder. B. B. are the parallel strips screwed to the bench in which it
slides. C is the piece of timber to be tenoned. D is an adjustable plate for getting
the position of the tenon. E is the pressure screw for holding the timber. F is a
gauge sliding on a rod for getting the length between the shoulders of the opposite
tenons. G is the saw spindle carrying one or more saws with distance collar
between them for cutting the tongue. H. H. are two vertical spindles carrying

page_text: saws for cutting the shoulders, one of which spindles may be made to adjust
vertically.
I also form a machine as a general joiner for woodworking in the following
manner. Figs 6 to 13 showing the arrangement. Fig 6 is an end elevation, Fig 7
a longitudinal section, Fig 8 an elevation showing the gearing of the feed motion.
Fig. 9 is a side elevation of the tenoning, slotmortising & boring tables. Fig 10 is
a plan of Fig 9 and Figs 11. 12 & 13 are different views of the blocks & cutters
üsed in tenoning, With reference to Figs 6 & 7. A is the fixed bed of the
machine. B is the upper cutter block mounted in the rising & falling carriage C,
and raised & lowered by a screw on either side of the machine D connected by
mitre wheels. E is the lower, cutter block for working the underside of the
material, mounted and carried in the bed F which rises & falls with it, actuated by
the hand screw G. H. H. are friction rollers in the fixed bed A. I. I. are feed
rollers driven by gearing, the one on the side that the timber enters being 'fluted
and the other plain. The rollers I. I. are carried in bearings attached to the rising
& falling carriage C. and therefore rise & fall with the upper cutter block B. The
means by which they are driven is also shown in Fig 8. J. J. are fast & loose
pulleys driven from the countershaft and which drive through bevil gearing the
vertical rods K. K. On the upper part of each of these rods is a worm which is
connected by a feather working in a longitudinal groove in the rod, so that as the
carriage C rises and falls the worms L. L. slide on the fixed rods. The worins are
then made to gear into worm wheels on the axles of the rollers I. I. The upper
part of the bearings of I. I. are made to slide in vertical grooves and bear against
the springs M. M. which can be screwed down to the necessary tension. The part
of the machine above described can be used for planing the top and bottom sides
of timber, for moulding, when suitable cutters are attached, or thicknessing. One
or more springs as at N can be used for holding the material or, as in the case of
moulding, springs may be used to keep the material to the side of the bed. On
the upper part of the machine I form two sliding beds O. O. moving ou inclined
planes by the screws P. P. to one of which I attach a canting fence Q sliding in a
lateral groove in the table. With suitable cutters on the block B these beds are
used for hand surfacing, squaring, chamfering, moulding, grooving, rebating &c
when the material may either be kept down by hand or by suitable springs or
rollers attached to the fence or table. For circular sawing I attach a saw Ⓡ ôn
the end of the spindle carrying the cutter block B; I close the beds O. O. together,
and attach an outer bed S by means of studs. By then removing the long part of
the fence QI use the remaining shorter part as a fence for the saw.
The larger
pulley T is used for sawing, while the smaller one U drives the spindle when used
for planing or moulding. By proper adjustment of the diameter of the pulleys on
the countershaft suitable speeds can be obtained either for sawing or planing and
the same belt may be made to answer for either. In tenoning, I attach to the ends
of the upper and lower spindles B & E tenon blocks with saw cutters for cutting
the shoulders and adze cutters for cutting the tongue Figs 11. 12 & 13 being
different views of these blocks. I also use a separate stand for carrying the
material as shown in elevation at Fig 9. and in plan at Fig 10. The long bed V
which can be made to rise and fall vertically by the hand wheel & screw carries a
sliding table W working in V guides. On this the piece to be tenoned is laid and
held by a suitable cramp, when on passing it between the tenon block cutters, the
tenon is completely cut at one operation. For boring, I place an auger in the end
of either of the spindles B or E and on the table W I place another table X sliding
in grooves at right angles to the sliding of the table W. The material to be bored
is cramped on this by the screw and hand wheel and is fed on to the auger by the
screw and hand wheel Y. For slotmortising I cramp the material in the same
way as for boring, but while feeding on to the auger by the hand wheel Y I work
the lever Z to fro, this lever being attached by a link to the sliding table W, the
length of the mortise being regulated by suitable stops which only allow the
table W to travel a certain distance on the bed V.
'

page_text: Having therefore fully described my improvements in woodworking machinery
I claim as my invention.
1 The use of a chain and pitch wheels for driving from a countershaft to the
sawspindle of a circular saw bench, and the adjusting roller for giving the chain
the necessary tension.
2nd The toothed disc placed below the table of a circular saw bench with its
teeth slightly projecting above for the purpose of feeding the material on to the
saw.
3rd The bridge shaped spring.& screw to give the required tension to a band
saw as described in my specification.
4th The bridge shaped holder or casting, adapted to a circular saw bench for
carrying a piece of timber to be tenoned, substantially as described, or any mere
modification of the same.
5th The arrangement, combination & adaptation of the machine above described
for general wood working.
6th The arrangement in the same machine for utilizing the upper cutter spindle
for both the upper and lower beds; for the mode of attachment of a circular saw
to the spindle; and for utilizing both the upper and lower spindles for tenon
cutting, slotmortising & boring.
7th The arrangement as herein described for actuating the feed rollers of this
machine.
8th The combination of the stand or holder for tenoning, slotmortising & boring.
In Witness whereof I the said Edward Cory have hereunto set my hand and
seal this 15th day of September in the year of our Lord 1883.
EDWARD CORY. (L.S.)