Year: 1886

page_text: This Specification was, upon the 18th day of August 1886, amended under
Sections 18 to 21 of the Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks Act, 1883.
"J
[The Amendments are shown in erased and italic type.]
I GEORGE HOPKIN WELLS of 48 Monmouth Street Sheffield in the County
of York Coach Smith do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The object of my Invention is to effect an improvement over existing methods
of keeping Bolts and Nuts tightly in their places, and so as to enable the parts to
be separated without injury, when required for further use.
To effect my object, I form or alter the interior of the Nut as follows, that is to
say-Instead of the hole being parallel, or of equal width throughout, I make oi
drill the same slightly tapered or to a alight taper towards the outer part, and
I arrange or cut the threads of the Nut of equal length throughout, including
the tapered part, so as to create more pressure at such tapered part, when the Nut
is screwed on.
I then also arrange to leave between the two or three outer threads at the
tapered part, and the rest of the threads in the Nut, a smooth surface or recess, by
omitting the cutting of one or two of the intermediate threads, or I sometimes, in
lieu of this, make or file a small groove through the Nut, crosswise to the threads,
with a corresponding groove at the other inner side of the Nut.
I usually make the Bolts of Iron, and the Nuts of Bessemer, or other suitable
quality of Steel, or the Bolts and Nuts may both be made of Steel, that for the Nut
being harder, according to the quality employed for the Bolt, and I usually adopt
the ordinary shape of Bolt and Nut, the only alteration being in the interior of the
Nut, as before mentioned.
By the means above described, Nuts can be kept tight against vibration and
otherwise, and can be removed without injury, and used again as may be required.
Dated this second day of February 1886.

page_text: Railway Purposes or otherwise.
I GEORGE HOPKIN WELLS of 48, Monmouth Street Sheffield in the County
of York Coach Smith do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
'
The object of my Invention is to effect an Improvement over existing methods
of keeping Bolts and Nuts tightly in their places, and so as to enable the parts to
be separated when required, without injury, and so that such parts may be used
again for the original or like purpose..
To eflect my object, I apply to ordinary Bolts, a Nut with certain alterations in
the interior of the same, that is to say :-Instead of the threads being left parallel,
or of equal width throughout, I tap or cut the same slightly tapered or to a slight
taper towards the outer part throughout, so as to create more pressure at or
towards such outer part.
I then also arrange, in the tapping of the Nut, to leave have between the two
or three outer threads at the outer narrowest part, and the rest of the threads in
the Nut, a smooth or other recess representing the space of two or three of the
threads I accomplish this, by emitting to-out cutting away such two or more
intermediate threads, or by cutting them away in a second after (or make such
recess before) the tapping of the Nut, to such depth in either case as is found
best, being usually to the bottom of the threads, or where the same would have
commenced, if the same had continued without any such recess as aforesaid.
In any event, the threads on the inner part and on the outer part of the Nut,
as being so slightly tapered throughout as before mentioned, are tapped, or made
exactly, or in such exact proportion, or corresponding length or depth, as would
have been, in case no such recess had been left made in the Nut. Therefore, for
example, when the Nut has been screwed up by the use of a Spanner or otherwise
over, or to the full extent of the recess, that is up to the two or more outer threads,
the first of such outer threads is necessarily smaller, and on the further screwing
up, by the Spanner or otherwise, creates a keener grip, than the last of the inner
threads on the inner side of the recess.
The special tightness or grip, being obtained by one or more of the outer threads
only, under the arrangements before mentioned, the object, in practice, is secured
with or by a small or slight bearing only for such extra-tightness or grip, and
consequently, when the Nut has to be taken off, the same is easily accomplished by
a sharp turn, by aid of the Spanner or otherwise.
In no case is there any cutting or deepening of the threads on the Bolt, or any
special method of expansion or like aid employed, but the object is attained by
such inherent tightening as before described-By the above arrangement also, rust
or other like accumulation is avoided, and to further this end, a little oil or grease
is usually placed in the before mentioned recess before the Nut is screwed on.
For the above purpose, usual Bolts are employed, and except as to the alteration
in the interior of the Nut, the usual kind of Nut, any required size or length of

page_text: either being suitable for present purpose, but as to material, I generally prefer to
make the Bolts of Iron, and the Nuts of Bessemer or other suitable quality of
steel, or the Bolt and the Nut may both be made of Steel or Iron, but in no case
do I harden or temper the materiala.
The accompanying Drawings illustrate the features of my Invention.
Figure 1 is a plan of the Nut when partly screwed up on an ordinary Bolt.
Figure 2 is a section of the interior of the Nut.
Like Letters of reference where such Letters appear indicate corresponding parts
in the Drawings.
In Figure 1 the Bolt, A, is first screwed up into the Nut B (or rather the Nut
over the Bolt) up to the outer end of the recess in the Nut C, that is over such
recess D, and the Nut is then further screwed up over or for its remaining two or
three outer threads.
In Figure 2 the position of the recess as above described is shewn, D, with the
threads on either side, those on the inner side of the Nut Ę being first screwed on
up to the point C, the remaining outer threads as then further screwed up being
shewn at F, and the line G shews the very slight taper throughout the Nut.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
-
First A Lock Nut for Bolts, or to be used with same, for Railway or other
purposes, in which, the threads in the interior of the Nut, in the tapping or
forming of same, are constructed of a very slight taper throughout, and then also,
so as to leave, in place-of in conjunction or combination with a recess made by
cutting away two or more intermediate threads, a after tapping or previously
making such recess between the two or more outer threads, and the first four or
more inner threads, whereby, on the Nut being fully screwed up (which can be
done by proper pressure) and without cutting or deepening any of the threads on
the Bolt, the Nut will be held tightly on the Bolt against vibration or otherwise,
and may, when required, be easily removed for further like use as above described.
Second The employment of oil or grease in such recess, so as to avoid-rust, and
to facilitate-the-taking off of the Nut for further use.
1
1
A

page_text: I GEORGE HOPKIN WELLS of 48 Monmouth Street Sheffield in the County
of York Coach Smith do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The object of my Invention is to effect an improvement over existing methods
of keeping Bolts and Nuts tightly in their places, and so as to enable the parts to
be separated without injury, when required for further use.
To effect my object, I form or alter the interior of the Nut as follows, that is to
say-Instead of the hole being parallel, or of equal width throughout, I make or
drill the same slightly tapered or to a slight taper towards the outer part, and
I arrange or cut the threads of the Nut of equal length throughout, including
the tapered part, so as to create more pressure at such tapered part, when the Nut
is screwed on.
I then also arrange to leave between the two or three outer threads at the
tapered part, and the rest of the threads in the Nut, a smooth surface or recess, by
omitting the cutting of one or two of the intermediate threads, or I sometimes, in
lieu of this, make or file a small groove through the Nut, crosswise to the threads,
with a corresponding groove at the other inner side of the Nut.
I usually make the Bolts of Iron, and the Nuts of Bessemer, or other suitable
quality of Steel, or the Bolts and Nuts may both be made of Steel, that for the Nat
being harder, according to the quality employed for the Bolt, and I usually adopt
the ordinary shape of Bolt and Nut, the only alteration being in the interior of the
Nut, as before mentioned.
By the means above described, Nuts can be kept tight against vibration and
otherwise, and can be removed without injury, and used again as may be required.
Dated this second day of February 1886.

page_text: otherwise.
I GEORGE HOPKIN WELLS of 48, Monmouth Street Sheffield in the County
of York Coach Smith do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
The object of my Invention is to effect an Improvement over existing methods
of keeping Bolts and Nuts tightly in their places, and so as to enable the parts to
be separated when required, without injury, and so that such parts may be used
again for the original or like purpose.
To effect my object, I apply to ordinary Bolts, a Nut with certain alterations in
the interior of the same, that is to say:-Instead of the threads being left parallel,
or of equal width throughout, I tap or cut the same slightly tapered or to a slight
taper towards the outer part throughout, so as to create. more pressure at or
towards such outer part.
.
I then also arrange, in the tapping of the Nut, to leave between the two or three
outer threads at the outer narrowest part, and the rest of the threads in the Nut,
a smooth or other recess representing the space of two or three of the threads-
I accomplish this, by omitting to cut such two or more intermediate threads, or by
cutting them away in a second tapping of the Nut, to such depth in either case as
is found best, being usually to the bottom of the threads, or where the same would
have commenced, if the same had continued without any such recess as aforesaid.
In any event, the threads on the inner part and on the outer part of the Nat,
as being so slightly tapered throughout as before mentioned, are tapped, or made
exactly, or in such exact proportion, or corresponding length or depth, as would
have been, in case no such recess had been left in the Nut. Therefore, for example,
when the Nut has been screwed up by the use of a Spanner or otherwise over, or
to the full extent of the recess, that is up to the two or more outer threads, the
first of such outer threads is necessarily smaller, and on the further screwing up,
by the Spanner or otherwise, creates a keener grip, than the last of the inner
threads on the inner side of the recess.
The special tightness or grip, being obtained by one or more of the outer threads
only, under the arrangements before mentioned, the object, in practice, is secured
with or by a small or slight bearing only for such extra tightness or grip, and
consequently, when the Nut has to be taken off, the same is easily accomplished by
a sharp turn, by aid of the Spanner or otherwise..
•
In no case is there any cutting or 'deepening of the threads on the Bolt, or any
special method of expansion or like aid employed, but the object is attained by
such inherent tightening as before described-By the above arrangement also, rust
or other like accumulation is avoided, and to further this end, a little oil or grease
is usually placed in the before mentioned recess before the Nut is screwed on.
For the above purpose, usual Bolts are employed, and except as to the alteration
in the interior of the Nut, the usual kind of Nut, any required size or length of

page_text: either being suitable for present purpose, but as to material, I generally prefer to
make the Bolts of Iron, and the Nuts of Bessemer or other suitable quality of
steel, or the Bolt and the Nut may both be made of Steel or Iron but in no case
do I harden or temper the materials.
The accompanying Drawings illustrate the features of my Invention.
Figure 1 is a plan of the Nut when partly screwed up on an ordinary Bolt.
Figure 2 is a section of the interior of the Nut.
Like Letters of reference where, such Letters appear indicate corresponding parts
in the Drawings.
In Figure 1 the Bolt, A, is first screwed up into the Nut B (or rather the Nut
over the Bolt) up to the outer end of the recess in the Nut C, that is over such
recess D, and the Nut is then further screwed up over or for its remaining two or
three outer threads..
In Figure 2 the position of the recess as above described is shewn, D, with the
threads on either side, those on the inner side of the Nut E being first screwed on
up to the point C, the remaining outer threads as then further screwed up being
shewn at F, and the line G shews the very slight taper throughout the Nut.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
First. A Lock Nut for Bolts, or to be used with same, for Railway or other
purposes, in which, the threads in the interior of the Nut, in the tapping or
forming of same, are constructed of a very slight taper throughout, and then also,
so as to leave, in place of two or more intermediate threads, a recess between the
two or more outer threads, and the first four or more inner threads, whereby, on
the Nut being fully screwed up (which can be done by proper pressure) and
without cutting or deepening any of the threads on the Bolt, the Nut will be held
tightly on the Bolt against vibration or otherwise, and may, when required, be
easily removed for further like use as above described.
Second-The employment of oil or grease in such recess, so as to avoid rust, and
to facilitate the taking off of the Nut for further use,
DLL 1
1000