AN IMPROVED METHOD OF OPENING AND CLOSING WINDOWS OF ANY DESCRIPTION to be as follows:
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
1 WILLIAM CORTEEN of 41, North Church Street, Sheffield, in the County of
York, Carriage Maker do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF OPENING AND CLOSING WINDOWS OF ANY DESCRIPTION
to be as follows:-
"
The object of my Invention, is to provide for houses, or public buildings, or
vehicles, whether by road or rail, (whilst dispensing with the ordinary weights),
a simple method of opening and closing Windows, (glass and frames in framework),
and of locking same at any desired point, and so, also, as to avoid any jingling or
rattling of the frames.
In the application to Carriages where the moveable frames slide up and down as
usual in the doors, I dispense with the ordinary fence plates, and avoid any resting
on the frame termed the waist or centre rail.
To effect my object, I employ a Rack attached to each window sash, which Rack
is moved up and down by means of a toothed wheel, which latter is operated upon
by another corresponding wheel, and round both of which wheels a chain is fixed-
The lower wheel, being moved by hand, moves, by the aid of the chain, the top
wheel which itself moves the rack.
For usual double sash house windows, two racks and appliances as above are
employed, but for Carriage windows, one only is necessary.
To lighten the leverage required in closing the top sash and opening the bottoin
one, I attach to each sash a spiral spring, which assists and materially aids the
leverage required, and all the above movements and appliances, except the shield
or handle of the wheel worked by hand and the lower Regulator, are concealed
from view.
To avoid a twist in the movement, and as a further security against shaking or
jingling, I have a small moveable wheel or regulator, which is worked backwards
or forwards on the top of the sashes by the aid of a cross wheel, and this latter
wheel is moved by hand as may be required.
The accompanying Drawings, as specially applicable to Houses, illustrate the
features of my Invention.
Fig 1, is a general view, Fig 2 shews the moveablo wheels or Regulator,

page_text: In Fig. 1, A shews the Racks-B the toothed wheels immediately working same,
and C. the corresponding toothed wheels worked by hand, and D. shews the spiral
spring in its natural or closed form, E shewing the like spring as extended, and F
the Regulator.
By the above means, as applicable to Carriages, the bottom rail in the glass
frame and the waist rail are preserved, the thickness of the glass frame at the waist
rail is dispensed with, and in any windows whatever, to which the Invention is
applied, the action is gained at will from the inside of the window, and an easy
movement secured.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I WILLIAM CORTEEN of 41, North Church Street Sheffield in the County of
York Carriage Maker do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF OPENING AND CLOSING WINDOWS OF ANY DESCRIPTION"
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of my Invention, is to provide for Houses, or Public Buildings, or
Vehicles, whether by road or rail, (whilst dispensing with the ordinary weights),
a simple method of opening and closing Windows, (glass and frames in frame-work),
and so as to avoid any jingling or rattling of the frames.
In the application to Carriages where the moveable frames slide up and down as
usual in the doors, I dispense with the ordinary fence plates, and avoid any resting
on the frame termed the waist or centre rail.
To effect my object, I employ a Rack attached to each Window Sash, which Rack
is moved up and down by means of a toothed wheel, which latter is operated upon
by another corresponding wheel, and round both of which wheels a chain is fixed.
The lower wheel being moved by hand, moves, by the aid of the Chain, the top
wheel, which itself moves the rack.
For usual double sash House Windows, two racks and appliances as above are
employed, but for Carriage Windows one only is necessary.
To lighten the leverage required in closing the top sash and opening the bottom
one, I attach to each Sash a spiral Spring, which assists and materially aids the
leverage required, and all the above movements and appliances, except the shield,
or handle of the wheel worked by hand, and the lower regulation, are concealed
from view,
To avoid a twist in the movement, and as a further security against shaking or
jingling, I have a small moveable wheel or regulator, which is worked backwards
or forwards on the top of the sashes by the aid of a cross wheel, and this latter
wheel is moved by band as may be required.
The Drawings accompanying my Provisional Specification, as specially applicable
to Houses, illustrates the features of my Invention.
Figure 1 is a general view-Figure 2 shews the moveable wheels or regulator.
In Figure 1, A shows the Racks-B the toothed wheels immediately working
same, and C the corresponding toothed wheels worked by hand, and D shews the
spiral spring in its natural or closed form, E shewing the like Spring as extended,
and F the Regulator.
By the above means, as applicable to Carriages, the bottom rail in the glass frame
and the waist rail are preserved, the thickness of the glass frame at the waist rail
is dispensed with, and in any windows whatever, to which the Invention is applied,
the action is gained at will from the inside of the Window, and an easy movement
secured.
Respecting the spiral Spring to be employed, for lightening the leverage or other-
wise as before mentioned, I do not confine myself to such kind of Spring, but

page_text: employ, according to circumstances, to carry out such object, any kind of substance,
such as India Rubber, which is of a springing or elastic nature, as shall effect the
purpose required.
By means of the Regulator before mentioned, the sashes work smoothly, inde-
pendent of the pressure of the Cog wheel against any part of the rack, and also
ensures the working, notwithstanding. any expansion of the frame by damp or
contraction in dry weather, the end wheel of such Regulator moving by the turn
of the inner wheel, and the stump end thereupon operating as a dead prevention of
jingling.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
First: For Windows for Houses or other stationary Buildings, providing
a method of opening and closing such Windows, completely or partially, to any
desired point, by attaching such form of toothed rack as above described to one side
of such Windows, and working such Windows by Axles or spindles and wheels,
with eyeletted Chain or strap working round such wheels, in the manner herein-
before described.
Second-Dispensing with weights, cords, and pulley wheels, and all like
appliances.
Third: For Windows for Railway or Road Carriages or Cabs, providing
a method of opening and closing such Windows completely or partially, and, whilst
dispensing with straps or fence plates, and consequent pushing forward of the glass
frames, obtaining the necessary action by the use of toothed racks, axles or spindles
and wheels as before mentioned, adapted for the purposes required.
Dated this thirtieth day of January One thousand eight hundred and eighty