IMPROVEMENTS IN WOOD WORKING MACHINERY
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Jensen, of 89, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WOOD
WORKING MACHINERY."-A communication from abroad by Messrs.
H. W. Gibson and Sons, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Sealed the 17th July 1874, and dated the 22nd January 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Jensen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd January 1874.
I, PETER JENSEN, of 89, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WOOD WORKING MACHINERY," (a communication to me from abroad by
Messrs. H. W. Gibson and Sons, Gothenburg, Sweden,) to be
follows:-
as
The first part of this Invention refers to improvements in wood
planing machinery. The plank or other article to be operated upon is
brought against rotary planing tools which take a cut off the bottom and
sides, and then against fixed planing tools which take a continuous

page_text: shaving off the bottom and sides, leaving quite smooth surfaces. The
plank is also operated upon its upper surface by a rotary tool.
If the bottom of plank is to be grooved a rotary tool may be applied
for that purpose, and if the sides are to be grooved rotary tools may be
applied there similarly.
The tools for the upper surface may of course be plain or so as to
produce any desired mouldings. The fixed planing tools for the finishing
cut on the under side are, by preference, three in number, and so
arranged by screws and nuts as to be quickly removed for exchange or
otherwise. The holder for the rotary bottom tool can be removed side-
ways by taking off a staple or plate which keeps bearing of the holder in
place; the tool spindle has a clutch and lever. There are ribbed rollers
say, four in number, arranged with clutch gear for feeding the plank
along through the machine. These rollers are above the plank and are
adjustable according to the thickness of the "work" in a curvilinear
direction concentric to the tooth wheels which drive them. There are
similarly ribbed rollers under the "work." There are also plain rollers
for keeping down the "work." These rollers are adjustable vertically
which may be done by screws and spiral springs according to the
thickness of the work and the pressure required to be put on it.
The work is guided by means of a ridge on one side and spring and
roller appliance on the other.
The next part of this Invention refers to improvements in a large
grooving machine. It has an upper and a lower rotary tool spindle for
the top and bottom of the work, and two vertical rotary spindles for
operating on the sides of the work. The tools may be formed to produce
any kind of mouldings. For slow speed four tools may be used in the
upper and lower tool holders, and for quick speed two may be enough.
There are three pairs of ribbed rollers for feeding the work through the
machine; these roller pairs are pressed against the surface of the work
by means of springs, by preference flat springs, adjustable by means of
All the ribbed rollers are connected by wheel gearing so as to
work synchronously, and worked by strap power from a second motion
shaft. A table guides the work in a straight line through the machine,
the table is vertically adjustable by means of screw gear. The horizontal
and vertical tool spindle are adjustable respectively vertically and sideways.
The upper tool spindle is also adjustable sideways. There is a fixed ridge.
screws.

page_text: on one side of the work and springs on the other side, and on the top of
same in order to ensure the proper guiding.
The next part of this Invention refers to improvements in a small
grooving machine. There is here a rotary tool appliance for planing
the upper edge of the plank or other piece of work, also ribbed rollers
(by preference two) as in the former machines for feeding the work
through the machine. There is also a table which is vertically adjustable.
The tool holder may have two tools for quick speed or four tools for slow
speed; the tools may be formed to suit any kind of moulding. The
ribbed rollers are as before vertically adjustable and kept down by means
of springs, they are also geared together and worked by clutch.
The work is kept down and pressed against the guiding surface by
means of springs and set screws.
The next part of this Invention refers to improvements in dovetail
machines. There are a pair of horizontal cutter spindles, and a pair of
vertical cutter spindles. The former have each two saw teeth tools
which produce a vertical cut and two chisel tools which make a hori-
zontal even surface, the two together, hence the simple rebate form. The
pair of vertical cutter spindles have each a tool holder with, say two
chisel tools, serving to cut a groove or other form. In order to operate
upon work of different thicknesses the tools are adjustable in their
holders, as regards the vertical cutter spindles, and the horizontal cutter
spindles are adjustable in this way,-that the lower spindle is not
adjustable, but the upper one only, and by having its bearings fixed to
a frame which is jointed to the framing of the machine, and can be set
in any required position by means of a regulating screw and jamb screw,
and is guided sideways.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Peter Jensen, Her special
licence that I, the said Peter Jensen, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Peter Jensen, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WOOD WORKING MACHINERY," (a communication to me from abroad by
Messrs. H. W. Gibson and Sons, Gothenburg, Sweden, upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said Peter Jensen, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Peter Jensen, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings
and to the letters of reference marked thereon, that is to say :—
5. The first part of this Invention refers to improvements in wood
planing machinery.
Fig. 1 is a side clevation of a planing machine constructed according
to this Invention; Fig. 2 is a plan; and Fig. 3 a front elevation.
The plank or other article to be operated upon is brought against
rotary planing tools on the horizontal spindles a, b, and c, and on the
verticle spindle d, d, which tools take a cut off the bottom, top, and
sides, and are shown more particularly in the separate views, Figs. 4 and
5, and Figs. 6 and 7, and against fixed plaining tools e and f, which take a
a continuous shaving off the sides and bottom respectively, leaving
quite smooth surfaces. The stationary tools e are shown separately at

page_text: Figs. 8 and 9, and the stationary tools f are also shown separately at
Fig. 10.
If the bottom of plank is to be grooved a rotary tool may be applied
for that purpose, and if the sides are to be grooved rotary tools may be
applied there similarly.
•
The tools for the upper surface may of course be plain or so as to
produce any desired mouldings. The fixed planing tools e for the
finishing cut on the under side are by preference three in number, as
shown at Figs. 8 and 9, and so arranged by screws and nuts as to be
quickly removed for exchange or otherwise. The holder for the rotary
bottom tool a can be removed sideways for quick changing of tool by
taking off a staple or plate n which keeps the bearing of the holder in
place; the tool spindle has a clutch q for connecting and disconnecting as
required. There are ribbed rollers g, say four in number, as shown
arranged with clutch or other connecting gear for feeding the plank
along through the machine. These rollers are above the plank and are
adjustable, according to the thickness of the work, in a curvilinear
direction concentric to the tooth wheels u, p, which drive them. There are
similarly ribbed rollers under the work. 8, Fig. 3, shows the "striking
gear" for throwing the ribbed rollers in or out of gear, and Fig. 11
shows the arrangement of the tooth wheels, motion being transmitted
from the spindles on to the spindle 8¹ by the wheels t (Figs. 2 and 3),
or to the wheels u which again gear with wheels p on the spindles
of the ribbed rollers g. In this way the four upper and the four lower
rollers are worked. There are also plain rollers h, i, i, k, k¹, l, for
keeping down the work; these rollers are adjustable vertically, which
may be done by screws and spiral springs, as shown here at Figs. 12
and 13, according to the thickness of the work and the pressure required
to be put on it. Planks of different thickness can thus be planed, the
upper rotary tools at being also adjustable, but of course without
springs.

page_text: tools a, b, c, and d, are made to revolve at a quick speed, say about
4,000 revolutions per minute. If now the lever y be pushed over, thereby
closing the clutch at s (Fig. 3), the rollers g will be put into motion and
push the work forward, when it will be first acted on by the rotating
tools a and the stationary plane e, which latter takes off a very thin
continuous shaving, producing a quite smooth surface. In the same way
the plank will be tooled on the edges, namely, first by the rotary tool d
and then by the stationary plane f. It will be tooled on the top by the
rotary tool at b.
If it be desired to put a groove in the bottom surface of the plank 1
which has been thus treated, then the rotary tool at c is used, or both
sides may simultaneously be grooved by using other suitable tools instead
of those here shown, or tools to produce various mouldings may be
applied instead of the tools shown.
While the machine is at work the upper rollers may be set or regulated 1
as required, whereby the working of the machine may be completely
regulated.
The next part of this Invention refers to improvements in a large
grooving machine. Fig. 14 is a side elevation; Fig. 15, plan; Fig. 16,
front elevation; and Fig. 17, section through A, B, Fig. 14. It has an 2
upper and a lower rotary tool spindle a and b for the top and bottom of
the work, and two vertical rotary spindles c, c, for operating on the sides
of the work. The tools may be formed to produce any kind of
mouldings. For slow speed four tools may be used in the upper and
lower tool holders, and for quick speed two may be enough. There are 2
three pairs of ribbed rollers & for feeding the work through the machine.
These roller pairs are pressed against the surface of the work by means
of springs, by preference flat springs i, as shown here adjustable by
means of screws k. All the ribbed rollers are connected by wheel
gearing 7, a pinion m being placed between each pair so as to cause the 3
rollers to work synchronously.
Between each pair of rollers there is a larger tooth wheel a which
receives motion from the tooth wheel o and transmits motion to 7. The
tooth wheel o receives motion from a pinion on the spindle p which is
worked by strap.
A table E guides the work in a straight line through the machine by
the guide n¹ on one side, and the guide ³ and springs w and w¹ on the
3

page_text: other side, and by the spring × from above the table, is vertically
adjustable by means of the screw q after loosening the screws r and 8,
(Fig. 16). The horizontal tool spindle a is vertically adjustable, and the
vertical tool spindles c, c, are adjustable vertically and sideways by:
means of the screws t, one by the upper screw, and the other by the lower
screw. The upper tool spindle is also adjustable sideways by means of
the screw y.
Spindles and rollers are put in motion by means of strap through
the striking gear f and the clutch at g respectively. The shape and
mode of fixing of the tools is shown by Figs. 18, 19, and 20, which show
moulding plaining tools applied to the spindles d and b. Figs. 21, 22,
and 23, show the tool holder for the vertical spindles e¹.
The next part of this Invention refers to improvements in a small
grooving machine. Fig. 24 is a side elevation of same; Fig. 25, plan;
and Fig. 26, front elevation. There is here a rotary spindle A with:
tools e shown separately at Figs. 27 and 28 for plaining the upper edge
or side of a plank or other piece of work, also ribbed rollers (by pre- :
ference two) on the spindles B, as in the former machine for feeding
the work through the machine. There is also a table C which is ver-
tically adjustable.
The tool holder may have two tools, as shown here, for quick speed, or
four tools for slow speed; the tools may be formed to suit any kind of
moulding. The ribbed rollers are as before vertically adjustable and
kept down by means of springs f, the pressure of which can be regulated
by means of the screws as required; the rollers are also geared together
by the tooth wheels and worked by a clutch and clutch lever h. To
tool pieces of wood of different thicknesses the table O is made vertically
adjustable by means of the screws 8 which work in bearings 1 and 1¹.
The arrangement of these screws is more particularly shown at Figs. 29
and 30. To keep the work in a straight direction as against the tools it
is pressed against the guiding surface or frame of the machine by means
of the spring r. The spring f¹ keeps the already tooled part down against
the table. The position of the springs r and ƒ is regulated by means of
the set screws k and k¹, and the pressure of the spring f¹ is regulated by
the screw 3. Fig. 27* shows a circular saw blade which can be used
instead of the tools at Fig. 27, thus converting this machine into a
saw bench.

page_text: The next part of this Invention refers to improvements in dovetail
or tennoning machines. Fig. 31 is a side elevation; Fig. 32 a plan;
and Fig. 33, a section through A, B, Fig. 1 of such a machine. There
are a pair of horizontal cutter spindles 7 and m, and a pair of vertical
cutter spindles f and f¹. The former have each two saw teeth tools a
that produce a vertical cut and two chisel tools 6 which make a hori-
zontal even surface, the two together, hence the simple rebate form.
The cutter spindles 7 and m with their tool holders and tools are repre-
sented, Figs. 34 and 35. The pair of vertical cutter spindles fand f¹ have
each a tool holder with, say, two chisel tools serving to cut a groove or
other form. Figs. 36 and 37 show the arrangement of tool holders and
tools for the vertical spindles fand ƒ¹.
In order to operate upon work of different thicknesses the tools are
adjustable in their holders as shown as regards the vertical cutter spindles
by means of the screws e, and the horizontal cutter spindles are
adjustable in this way, that the lower spindle m is fixed or permanent
in its position, but the upper one I can be shifted because its bearings.
are fixed to a frame g which is jointed to the framing of the machine,
and can be set in any required position by means of a regulating screw h,
and a jam screw z, and is guided sideways by the guide bar j, as shown
in the separate view, Fig. 39. The work is guided straight by means
of the board d, which on both sides is movable on rails and has for
being conveniently handled the lever shown on Fig. 38.
All the machines here described can work on woodwork of different
dimensions, take up very little space in proportion to the work they
perform, and finish the work at one operation, thus saving considerable
material and power.
The advantages of the three first described machines are that the
work is fed on of itself, thus saving a workman and ensuring even, sure,
and accurate work, that the pressure of the feed rollers and guiding
rollers and springs can be regulated to a nicety and reduced to minimum,
thus saving friction or power, and that there is no dead or useless return
action of the machine but a continuous, motion which saves much time.
The special advantages of the wood planing machine here described
are, that the work is planed on all four sides simultaneously and can at
the same time be grooved on all four sides, thus effecting a saving of
20 to 30 per cent. in time and a considerable efficiency; that a rotary

page_text: tool precedes each planing tool which enables the machine to work on
wood in a rather rough state; that there is very little friction in the
feeding of the work, as it is taken hold of from above and below by the
ribbed holders; and the mutual pressure of the same can be reduced
to a minimum as already stated.
The special advantages of the within described large grooving machine
are, that it works on all four sides of the wood simultaneously and
affords facility for extensive application because of the many different
combinations of planing tools, such as straight moulding, &c.
The special advantages of the small grooving machine here described
are, its very simple construction and the many ways of applying it, as it
can be used for planing, grooving, and sawing.
The special advantages of the dovetail machine here described are,
the simplicity of its construction, all parts for the feeding of the work
being left out, and there being only four rotary tools.
And having thus fully set forth the nature of this Invention and
shown some modes of applying the same, I declare that I claim as the
improvements in wood working machinery,—
Firstly. The arrangements and construction of tool holders, and of
tools, and of the appliances for feeding and guiding the work, all sub-
stantially as set forth.
Secondly. The general arrangement of machinery with regard to
tool holders, tools, and feeding and guiding appliances, as shown as
described.