IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SHAPING AND ROLLING METAL
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Francis Preston, of the City of Manchester, Machinist,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SHAPING AND
ROLLING METAL."
Sealed the 8th July 1856, and dated the 1st February 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Francis Preston at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st Fe-
bruary 1856.
I, FRANCIS PRESTON, of the City of Manchester, Machinist, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY POR
SHAPING AND ROLLING METAL, to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in adapting and applying the improved machine for
forming or finishing the flutes in bayonets, for which Letters Patent were
granted to me on the Thirtieth December, One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-four; to shaping swords, lance heads, flyers, and other articlės
in which uniformity of shape is required; and in rendering such machines
more effective, by the application of a fly wheel; also in the direct
application of a steam engine for working such machines, and in apply-
ing gearing to both ends of the crank shaft, to avoid the torsion and
increase the effective force; also in the application of two tables to such
machines, both of which tables are worked by the same machinery; also in
applying crank pins projecting from cog wheels driven by pinions, for working
the tables. My present Invention also consists in applying motion to the

page_text: roller and travelling table of the above mentioned machine, by arniangle wheel
and pinion.
The second part of my Invention consists in forming the requisite grooves
for shaping or rolling bayonets, swords, lance heads, flyers, and other articles,
in suitable dies placed upon two rollers, or cut in the circumferences of two
Follers, which are connected together by gearing, and made to revolve first in
one direction and, then in the other, by a mangle. wheel and pinion or other
suitable machinery.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Francis Preston in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
1st August 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FRANCIS
PRESTON, of the City of Manchester, Machinist, send, greeting,,!
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give. and grant unto me, the said
Francis Preston, Her special license that I, the said Francis Preston, my
'executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the, said Francis
Preston, my executors, administrators; and assigns; should; at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter, during the
term therein expressed, should" and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend,..within the United, Kingdom of Great Britain,and. Ireland,, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
SHAPING AND ROLLING METAL, upon the condition. (amongst others) that I, the
said Francis Preston, my, executors or administrators, by: an instrument in
writing! under, my, or their, or one of their: hands and seals, should par-
ticularly, describe, and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner, the same was to be performed; and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within, six calendar months next and im-
mediately after the date of the said Letters Patent...
1
AND EVICT
4132
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Francis Preston, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed
to be particularly described; and ascertained in and by the following Speci-
fication (that is, to say)
The nature of my Invention consists; First, in certain improvements. appli-

page_text: cable to the smachines; for forming for, finishing the flutes in bayonets,!
described in the Specification of, Letters Patent granted, to, me on the Thirtieth.
day of December, One; thousand; eight hundred and fifty-four ho
112
1.
Secondly, in the application of such machines to shaping swords, lance
heads; flyers; and other articles in which uniformity, of shape is required.
Thirdly, in the direct application of a steam engine for working, shaping.
and rolling machines
in
J
Fourthly, in forming the requisite grooves for shaping or rolling bayonets,*
swords, lance heads, and flyers, in suitable dies, placed upon two rollers or cut
on the circumferences of two, rollers, which are made to revolve first in one
direction and then in the other.
' ¡
"
And. in order that my Invention may be fully understood,, and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued, by me,{
reference being had to, the, accompanying Drawing, and to the figures.and
letters marked thereon.
Figure 1.is a side elevation of a compound shaping and rolling machine,,
suitable for formingtor finishing the flutes in bayonets, but which, by..altering?
the: dies, may be made to shape or roll swords, lance heads, flyers, and other
articles; Figure 2 is an end elevation; and Figure 3, a plan of the same;)
The machine described in the Specification above, referred to was, single
acting, (that is to say,) it was only provided with one roller and one sliding:
table in the present instance the machine is composed, of two rollers, marked,
a,.a, on each of which an, excentric, and tapered, projection is formed corre
sponding to the larger flute of a bayonet. The axes of the rollers a revolve in
standards b, fixed to or cast with the bed plate c. Below-the rollers a are the
tables, d, which,slide-to-and fro in grooves made in the bed plate, c; each of
these tables supports a die; e,,which is made with a taper, groove and a double,
convex, projection of the shape required; to, form-the, flutes on the outside of the
bayonet. When swords or other articles are to, be; shaped and rolled,; it, is!
evident that the roller a and die e must, be made with recesses or sunk parts,
corresponding to the shape of the sword or other article, to be produced. The
to and fro motion is; given, to the tables d by the crank pin projecting from
the cog wheels g, and by; the connecting, rods h, h. The wheels 9 are each,
fixed, on a short shaft is revolving in bearings, placed in the, centre of the
bed plate c; these wheels are united by the crank pin f, and they are driven,
by the pinions fixed, on, the, shaft k; the object of applying two wheels g, and;
two pinions j, is to avoid the torsion in the shaft i, and thereby to increase the
effective force of the machine. To the shaft is fixed, the wheel'l, to which
motion is communicated by the pinion m, keyed or connected to the shaft n.

page_text: a groove and key. When the pinion m is connected to the shaft n by a
groove and key, the wheel 7 and pinion m should be on the same side of the
machine as the flywheel. To the pinion m is fixed a conical friction box,
fitting within a conical recess in the fly-wheel,
his fixed the driving.
Cocess in the flywheel to which is fixed the driving
pulley the flywheel
The
whee and driving pulley are loose on the shaft,
10
friction box is thrown out of gear when required by the attendant depressing,
one of the treadles situate at each end of the machine; these treadles. are.
jointed to levers on a cross shaft, to which is fixed a forked lever, fitting on
the sliding friction box.
n.
The mode of operation is as follows:-Motion having been communicated.
to the machine by a strap passing around the driving pulley ³, the tables d
begin to move slowly to and fro, and this motion is transmitted to the rollers a
by the racks d' on the tables gearing into the pinions a¹ on the axes of the
rollers a, in the manner described in the Specification of the Letters Patent:
before referred to. The attendants then place the partly formed bayonets or
other articles in the dies e, and the operations of shaping and rolling continue
to be performed at both ends of the machine simultaneously. If it should be
required to stop the machine suddenly, the attendant depresses, one of the
treadles, to draw the friction box out of gear, thereby allowing the driving
pulley and fly-wheel to revolve without giving motion to the other parts of the
machine. When the direct application of a steam engine is adopted for
working shaping and rolling machines, I prefer to connect the connecting rod
of the steam engine to a crank on the shaft n, and when the requisite motion
is given by a mangle wheel and pinion I fix the mangle wheel to one end of
the shaft of the roller a.
.
+
The fourth part of my Invention relating to shaping and rolling bayonets,
swords, lance heads, and flyers, by two rollers working alternately in opposite
directions, will be readily understood in reference to Figures 4 and 5. a is
the upper roller, similar to the one above described, on which a die is placed
of the shape required, and z is a second roller, on which another die is placed,
or the requisite recesses may be cut on the circumferences of the rollers, which
are connected together by gearing, and made to revolve first in one direction
and then in the other, by a mangle wheel and pinion or other suitable
machinery. It is evident that on putting a piece of heated iron or steel in
the rough state between the rollers a and z, and giving motion to them in
the manner described, the iron or steel will be shaped and rolled to the
required form.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I declare that I claim,

page_text: First, the application of a fly-wheel to machines for shaping and rolling
metals, as described.
"Secondly, the application of gearing to both ends of the crank shaft of
shaping and rolling machines, to prevent torsion, as described.
wy
Thirdly, the application of two tables to shaping and rolling machines, both
of which are worked by the same machinery, as described.
.
Fourthly, driving the tables of shaping and rolling machines, by crank pins
projecting from cog wheels, as described.
Fifthly, driving shaping and rolling machines by means of a mangle wheel
and pinion, as described.
Sixthly, the direct application of a steam engine for working a shaping and
rolling machine, as described.
Seventhly, the application of the machine described in reference to Figures
4 and 5 of the Specification of Letters Patent granted to me on the Thirtieth
of December, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, to shaping swords,
lance heads, flyers, and other articles.
And, eighthly, the application of two rollers having dies or recesses cut
on their circumferences, and made to revolve first in one direction and
then in the other, to shaping and rolling bayonets, swords, lance heads, and
flyers.
t
In witness whereof, I, the said Francis Preston, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of July, in the year of our Lord'
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
25 Witness,
H. B. BARLOW, Patent Agent,
Manchester.
FRANCIS PRESTON. (L.S.)