IMPROVED MEANS OF OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Bell Galloway, of George Street, in
the City of London, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVED
MEANS OF OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER, AND IN APPARATUS
CONNECTED THEREWITH,
"
Sealed the 23rd January 1872, and dated the 26th July 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Bell Galloway
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 26th July 1871.
I, GEORGE BELL GALLOWAY, of George Street, in the City of London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVED MEANS OF OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER, AND IN APPARATUS
CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in the application of various principles
involved and in part described in my Patent dated 7th Jan. 1865,
No. 55, in those parts relating to improved plans for economising fuel,
producing and applying motive power.
In relation to motive power as published in that Specification I
propose to apply hydraulic pneumatic motive power for the purpose

page_text: of propelling, reversing, and steering the ordinary or an improved
description of ships, which I construct of wood or iron, or on the
composite principle, and in such construction use what is termed T form
of iron but very much larger, and principally what is termed straight
timber worked to forms by suitable machinery. The vessels will be
flat at the bottom parts and will be fitted with three keels and three
keelsons; the keelsons and the lower masts may be so constructed
as to answer for water tanks and be affixed so as to give greater
strength and enable vessels to cairy larger cargoes at less sailing and
working expenses. To effect this I propose to place vertically or hori-
zontally by direct acting connections air pumps around or on each
side of air or hydraulic cylinders, and work such air pumps as the
means to effect the propulsion of ships instead of screw propellers, or
I may by a suitably constructed injector draw in air, and by the direct
action of air and steam through suitable connections, such as valves
and pipes, propel and steer vessels without the aid of engines or air
pumps.
As a further improvement in motive power as contained in the Patent
hercin-before referred to I propose to apply the limited motive power
as therein-before described for the purposes of driving any description
of machinery, and also apply power produced by the following means,
that is to say-I evolve by mechanical appliances motive power by
applying the principle of rack or catch spring motion, or I may use
a balance wheel in connection with springs similar to plans adapted
for producing motion either by pendulum, wheel, or rotatory motion,
or by the plan of using a crank arm lever motion which I may construct
as a fly wheel, and I may also in some cases evolve power by atmo-
spheric pressure, such pressure being produced by the weight of a
person sitting down upon an air cushion, by which the air will be com-
pressed to produce power. The inflating of the air seat or cushion
may be effected by one or more valves, which may be of any form or
shape affixed in the top sides or bottom part of the cushion seat, the
effect will be by affixing a spring or suitable springs in connection with
or internally within the seat or cushion, the opening of the valves
will be effected, and thus the natural pressure of atmospheric air will
tend to keep up the supply of air every time the party rises from
the seat, or the air may be kept up in the cushion or within an accu-
mulator, as before referred to in my Patent by the aid of a hand air.

page_text: pump. The mode by which the compressed air may be applied as
a motor can be effected by a flexible or metallic pipe connection
connected with a cylinder and piston, and connected to which piston
rod is affixed a moving part to give the rotary motion required, or
I may cause the compressed air without the use of such cylindrical
connection to impinge upon the rim of existing fly wheels by affixing
in connection with such existing rim or arms tubular spaces, into
which I direct the compressed air, by which the power motion is to
be effected, and in all or any of the plans herein-before named I
may utilise the accumulated force or power stored up in fly wheels
or other rotary motion by affixing in connection with the shafts or
motion referred to a brake, and connecting such brake with a recipro-
cating motion in order that by such mechanical connection I shall
transfer the power of momentum to the winding up of an additional
reversible acting spring, and by this means impart such power which is
now wasted into a motive power for continued action in assisting again
to work engines, and also machines of a limited nature where no engine
power is first applied, the object being in the latter part of my Invention
in motive power to drive lathes, sewing and other machines by a cheap
safe power, while so far as it respects omnibuses or other vehicles I may
so increase and apply the power by similar arrangements as I have
already described as by which the necessity for horses or other motive
power will be obviated, and the herein-before named appliances by
modification may be applied to propel vclocipedes and other vehicles
instead of manual labour. Similar results can be obtained by employ-
ing ordinary currents of electricity to operate the mechanism before
described, or the electricity obtained from metals, by which I generate
power of motion without the aid of acids as is now the practice adopted
in the production of electricity.
The objects of the whole being improvements in the means of
obtaining and applying motive power for the purposes set forth in this
my Specification and application for Her Majesty's Royal Letters.
Patent

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Bell Galloway in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 25th January 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
BELL GALLOWAY, of George Street, in the City of London, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said George Bell Galloway, Her special
licence that I, the said George Bell Galloway, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George Bell
Galloway, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVED MEANS OF OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER, AND IN
APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said George Bell Galloway, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Bell Galloway, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
My improvements in obtaining and applying motive power and in
apparatus connected therewith consists of the following plans as hercin-
after more fully described, reference being made to my Provisional
Specification.

page_text: The improved descriptions of ships will consist of either wood or iron,
or be constructed of wood and iron of the following or equivalent
dimensions approximating thereunto, say, 300 feet in length, 50 feet in
breadth, and 30 feet in depth as from the bottom of the ship to the top
deck, commonly called the hurricane or working deck. This description
of ships is intended to be built flat at the bottom and have 3 keels
and 3 keelsons fitted to the bottom; the use of the inside keelsons
may be to answer the purposes of water tanks, and there may be also
a connexion made with the lower masts of the ships, which lower
masts may be also constructed of iron, as by which pipe and valve
connections the keelsons and lower masts jointly or separately will
also serve for tanks, or in the event of liquid fuel being used for the
generation of motive power, such connexional tanks, arrangements
might be so connected as to answer for the storage of the liquid fuel.
The spaces between the keelsons will be utilized either with other tanks
and fitted so as to be the receptacles of water for ballasting the ship
instead of solid ballast, or by affixing in some parts the requisite
foundation of the boilers and engines space now lost in ships will be
saved. And as a farther advantage in the event of ships becoming by
cargo or leakage too deep, the keelsons and also the lower masts could
be freed from the water they contain and filled by the natural pressure
of atmospheric air through suitable valve connexional pipes, and thus
be the means to make the ship more seaworthy. And as a further
means to keep ships afloat, specially the description of ships used for
warlike purposes, I shall affix underneath the hold beams, and in
connection with the divisional bulkheads vertically, and in some cases
construct such divisional bulkheads double, so that the bulkheads will
also answer for extra water tanks, and if and when required free:t
from the water, and then by similar valvular connexions become filled
with atmospheric air and such combined means in addition to vertical
and also horizontal tubing made in form to suit positions so
represent naval architecture to be affixed as external and internal
planking.
as to
In the formation of ships, and more especially ships of war, they would
supply the requisite buoyant floating powers as by which ships would
not sink but would remain so much afloat (although full to the deck
with sea water) as to be the means for men to live and even still to
fight upon.

page_text: In respect to the advantages and uses of the 3 keels I shall affix
upon the bottom of ships, such keels will add strength and also be the
means to prevent rolling at sea, and as it respects the uses to which
I shall adapt the keels which are intended to be built air-tight and
hollow in some cases where motive power is applied I may construct a
divisional space in any suitable part of cither the centre or the starboard
and port keel, which I may make in form at each end which in language
may be expressed as the form
being the top and bottom
view, and cause an air and steam, or compressed air and water under
pressure by suitable valvular connexions arranged within the keel space
as by which the engineer or person in charge of the ship may be able
to reverse the position of the ship by simply changing such injective
force and so causing by the turning of sludge valve or cocks the power
to act in the opposite direction, so that the progress of the ship may
be stopped, and the steering of ships I may effect by an internal rudder
fitted in the extra keels, which keels may be made broader towards the
side of the ship's bottom to allow larger space if required; the steering
by this plan will be effected by an iron internal rudder which can be
moved by a bolt passing through the keel vertically, and affixed to
the rudder which will move internally within the end of the extra
keels, and by being moved direct the power in an angular direction
so as to guide the starboard or port, such rudder however is not intended
to be fitted in all cases within the keel, as it may be otherwise fitted
by their sides, and this manoeuvring of the ship be much more under
command and control, and to effect this desired object more effectually,
especially in ships of war, I shall affix in some case a separate pipe
or channel, which I shall cause to terminate at or near the bows and
also the stern part of ships, the object being by such means worked
by suitable valvular connexions that the ship may so be shifted and
continually altering her position that an enemy will find it more
difficult to conquer ships of war to which this part of my Invention
may be applied. Instead of using the side keels I may affix near
them through the ship's bottom or side the reversing valvular arrange-
ments herein-before described.

page_text: steam engines, and instead thereof apply the power for propulsion by
the following arrangements, that is to say, I shall feed the boiler or
steam generator which by preference I shall construct upon the sectional
tubular or connexional pipe steam generator form of construction I
have herein-before referred to in my former Patent, and by continually
feeding the boiler with the aid of one or more of my hydro-pneumatic
boiler feed pumps and allowing the product, air and steam, to pass
under pressure, which I prefer, shall not be less than 4 atmospheres,
say 60 lbs. to the inch pressure, the full power produced in the steam
generator can be used as the direct propelling power as against the
water in which the vessel floats, and thus this plan will economise
space, diminish weight, and greatly lessen the cost of the production
and working connected with engine and motive power in propelling
ships.
As a further means of giving auxiliary power to ships by the applica-
tion of what may be termed principles seen to exist in natural laws
I may affix an accumulator, or say 4 accumulators, 2 at each end of
the ship, say under the forecastle and cabin decks in or by or near to
the fore and mizen masts. These accumulators are made to communi-
cate with the sea by a pipe through the ship's bottom and bow and sides
if preferred, to which pipe or pipes fitted with valves I affix valvular
connexions, as by this plan whenever the vessel pitches or lurches, the
pressure of the sea corresponding with the tonnage weight of the ship
opens such valves, and the water is thus forced into the accumulator,
and in order to compensate for and equalize pressure I shall connect
the accumulators by a connexion tube or pipes placed say on each
side of the keelson in ordinary sailing ships, and connect two delivery
pipes with the aft accumulators, and fit such exit pipes which may
also have rudders connected therewith, will answer so as that the effect
shall be that the excess of pressure power thus produced by the pitching
and tossing of vessels at sea in connexion with the foregoing stated
arrangements, such power or force so accumulated may be thus applied
as an auxiliary to the ordinary sailing power of merchant ships, which
can be fitted at little expense, are by this plan much more self-acting,
and in some cases to equalize the pressure in such accumulators I may
affix a pipe with suitable valvular and pendulum connexions as by which
the valve may be made to admit atmospheric air through and in

page_text: connection with a pipe terminating above the deck of the ship and also
connected to the top of the accumulator, and thus the atmospheric
pressure increased by the suction or a pumping action may be used,
worked by lever connexions either by the rolling or dipping motion of
the ships or by the aid of manual labour, or by a donkey engine which
may be fitted between decks or upon the main decks. Ships may be
naturally propelled without the aid of screw propellers.
In respect to the more limited use of motive power referred to in my
Provisional Specification I do not deem it requisite to recapitulate
fully, reference being had thereunto, but herein state that in some cases
the air cushion therein in part described may be made so that it shall
.extend underneath the ordinary seat or chair down towards the floor
and at its bottom part be fitted with similar valvular arrangements, with
this simple difference that the weight of the bottom board will fall
naturally and so open the valves, and as this plan will admit of a much
larger accumulator, the air pressure to work machines may be also
increased by a lever and screw connections so fitted as that a weight
to be shifted upon the lever on turning of the screw will increase the
pressure or power, and in some cases an air pump may be used to fill
accumulators, and in some cases I may work sewing machines by the
aid of compressed air and water contained in suitably fitted small
accumulators fitted with reversible valves and pipes as already referred
to. The mode by which I fix the cylinders, which may be of polished
brass or other metal, so that to prevent noise and vibration as much as
possible I may fix them with suitable screw bolts upon a flat piece
of sheet lead or fibrous material such as india-rubber, and also affix as
between the parts connected with sewing machines similar appliances to
absorb sound. And also instead of toothed wheels, commonly called spur
or bevil wheels, substitute friction sheaves by which such wheels or
pinions will be dispensed with and sewing machines rendered more
steady. And I may instead in some cases of at all times using what
may be termed flat or level plate services on which the fabric has to be
placed and pass over while the sewing is effected substitute or make
duplicates of an over or other angular surface to suit and make mould
patterns or do work in a curvature form, such as boot or shoe heels, &c.,
and also reverse the action of the needle, and fit needles having double
eyes to work variegated thread, and cause needles to be direct acting

page_text: and have slower where slower stitching is required, as by this plan
sewing machines will be available for work which has not yet been
accomplished by them.
As it respects the application of my Invention of motive power for
the working of omnibuses in addition or as an improved means of pro-
ducing or applying air, or air and steam as motive power, I shall in some
cases only apply the produced motive power to one end of the piston
in the cylinder or cylinders, and by the adoption of this plan I shall
utilize the natural pressure of the atmosphere as well as cool the cylinder
piston and rod in thus effecting the return stroke of engines, and I may
in some cases in connection with the means of breaking and stopping
them affix a brake frictional connection either to wind up the reversible
spring or to work an air pump, which air pump may be made to force
the air by any suitable connexional arrangement of pipes and valves
either into an accumulator into which water has been put or into an
atmospheric accumulator for compressing in order to store up by
the power of momentum or other limited applied first motive power
the power which is found requisite to work such travelling machines
upon either roads or tramways as may be required more economically
than at present.
In respect to my plan for propelling velocipedes and other carriages,
such as sedans or carriages for invalids or children, I may either propel
them by compressed air by similar arrangements as I have already
described, or by a volute or spiral spring, which spring may be fitted
within a pipe or tube and surrounded with an elastic flexible substance
such as india-rubber, or moved in oil so that such spring may softly
move without friction within the guard pipe or channel, and in connection
with the movable spring I affix a guard plate to work into a toothed.
wheel, or there may be two of such affixed springs one on each side so
fitted by connexional arrangements as that when the brake for going
down hills is applied, it will wind up the reversible spring, and by a
catch lever action the power can be conveyed to suit such mode of
travelling; and in cases of small carriages similar appliances will be
adopted, and I shall in some cases make the wheels of both velocipedes
and carriages by pipes sockets, commonly called the nave, and cast or
weld the rim of the wheel of material or by the aid of moulds so that
the rim shall be grooved, into which grooved part I affix a composition

page_text: which I make in the form of an elastic coil which fills up the groove
part of the wheel, and by its elasticity fits tight therein.
The mode by which I make elastic tires or rims to render travelling
smooth is, I dissolve by the action of steam or heated air or a chemical
agent the parings of leather, and also spetches to be so dissolved, I
then add a quantity of india-rubber or other combining adhesive
substance to combine and temper such travelling rims or surfaces
And in all cases I
with sulphur or other hardening substance.
prefer to adopt the use of 3 wheels so arranged and so fitted as
to give ease, comfort, and safety in all descriptions of travelling
machines, and the means by which I may produce the currents of
electricity without the aid of wet acids consist in taking the requisite
quantity of zinc and copper or other dry substances such as ammonia,
the constituents of magnesium, and other electrical compounds and
unite them in a dry state, and by the application of heat which is the
base of all electricity, or other chemical agent to effect their union so as
to produce electricity either in a vaporized form of power or the ordinary
form of electrical currents as by which any description of what is
commonly called mechanism can be operated or worked, and I shall by
modifications and extended means produce electricity in power so as to
work engines of magnitude for the purposes set forth, stated, and implied
in this my Specification and description of apparatus connected therewith,
and implied therein in these my in part recited Iosters Patent, for
'Improved Means of Obtaining and Applying Motive Power and in
Apparatus connected therewith."
66
Having herein so generally by forms and figurate language described
my various plans for the accomplishment of the purposes set forth and
implied I do not deem it necessary to attach drawings in connection
therewith, agreeing, nevertheless, to supply them if and when required;
but I would have it understood that what I claim and desire to secure
the exclusive use of is, the various principles and plans of my Invention
herein described in those my in part recited Letters Patent and for the
various purposes set forth.
And finally, let it be understood that in the event of my having

page_text: I do hereby disclaim any desire of intention to do so, and simply solicit
to be apprized in writing with proof thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Bell Galloway, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of January One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
Witness,
E. M. DANIEL,
Fleet Street,
London.
G. B. GALLOWAY. (L.S.)