IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR OPENING, CLEANING, CARDING, AND DRAWING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jean Jacques Bourcart, of Guebwiller, Haut Rhin,
☐ France, but now residing at Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Spinner for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR OPENING, CLEANING, CARDING, AND DRAWING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS."
Sealed the 20th March 1860, and dated the 23rd September 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jean Jacques Bourcart
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents; with his Petition, on the
23rd September 1859.
1, JEAN JACQUES BOURCART, of Guebwiller, Haut Rhin, France, but now
residing at Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Spinner, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR OPENING, CLEANING, CARDING AND DRAWING COTTON AND OTHER
FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in the employment of a pair or pairs of
rollers acting in conjunction with another pair or pairs, and which, inde-
pendently of their rotation upon their axes, are moved bodily at a right angle
or other angle to the direction in which the material is caused to travel. To
illustrate the operation of my Invention, I will suppose two pairs of rollers
employed, their peripheries-being-armed with teeth, the first pair being caused
Price 8d1

page_text: to revolve, convey the material forward, which is then taken by the second
pair, but these being caused to move bodily upward and downward, act in
conjunction with the first pair as combs for opening the material, and this
operation may be repeated by any desired number of rollers. I have spoken
of the employment of teeth, but they may be used with plain surfaces, and
in either case may be so driven as to be drawing rollers. The above arrange-
ment I use by itself or connect with a blower, carding engine or other ordinary
machine.
Another part of my Invention relates to drawing rollers, and consists in so
forming the acting parts of their peripheries that they shall operate upon the
material gradually from one side to the other; this I accomplish by cutting
one or both of the rollers at either end at an angle to the axis; or I furnish
their peripheries with spiral ribs or blades; and in the carding engine I adopt
the same principle by placing the cards upon the cylinders in a spiral
direction.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jean Jacques Bourcart in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 23rd March 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JEAN
JACQUES BOURCART, of Guebwiller, Haut Rhin, France, but now residing at
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Spinner, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Jean Jacques Bourcart, Her especial license that I,
the said Jean Jacques Bourcart, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Jean Jacques Bourcart, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
OPENING, CLEANING, CARDING, AND DRAWING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS," upon the condition, amongst others, that I, the said Jean
Jacques Bourcart, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,

page_text: should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jean Jacques Bourcart, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement and accompanying Drawings, that is to say:-
The first part of my Invention is shewn at Figures 1 and 2 of the accom-
panying Drawings, the former being a section of the arrangement of rollers
I employ for opening and straightening the material, and Fig. 2 a partial end
view thereof, with certain of the driving parts. The material is fed upon a
travelling apron a, which conveys it to a pair of conducting rollers b, from
whence it passes through a pair of larger rollers c, c¹, armed with combs or
teeth, then between two other similar pairs d, d', d, d³, and is finally
conducted by rollers e to the tube and delivery rollers h. The several rollers
above mentioned have rotatory motion communicated to them by any ordinary
gearing, and at relative speeds, which will effect a drawing, if desired; that,
however, which constitutes this part of my Invention is imparting an upward
and downward motion to two or more of the said rollers in addition to their
rotatory movement. In Fig. 1 this movement is supposed to be given to the
central rollers d, d'; according to the position shewn they are now nearly at
the top of their traversing motion, and when at the bottom are in the position
shewn by dots. The effect of this arrangement will be that as the said rollers
rise and fail they will present the material to c and d to be combed, drawn,
and opened thereby, so that each side of the sliver will be operated upon.
These parts illustrating my Invention may be mounted in any suitable frame-
work, and driven by usual gearing. I will, however, point out a method
which may be adopted for gaining the upward and downward as well as the
rotatory motion of the rollers. Fig. 2 is a partial side view of Fig. 1,
illustrating this. The rollers d, d', are mounted in a piece h, which moves in
parallel guides, the axes at the other ends being also similarly mounted, and
the two being connected together, the rollers d, d', are geared together at i,
and one of them carries a bevil pinion k, taking into another I mounted upon
a shaft m, to which rotatory motion is communicated by any convenient means.
The pinion is carried by a bracket n extending from the sliding pieces h, and
slides upon the shaft m, it being, however, driven thereby by means of a
feather. To the sliding piece h is jointed a rod o, connected to an excentric
or other such apparatus, so that while rotatory motion is communicated to the

page_text: rollers d, d¹, by the shaft m, the required upward and downward movement is
effected through the rod o, the whole of the gearing moving bodily together.
Fig. 3 exhibits another arrangement of rollers. According to this part of
my Invention, in this instance the material being fed by fluted rollers a,
passes over a toothed cylinder b, and from thence between rollers c, d, to
another cylinder e, it being supported in its passage by a roller f. The
rollers c, d, f, are mounted together, so as to move bodily upward and
downward in addition to their separate rotatory movements, as described in
reference to Figs. 1 and 2; and there is also a toothed roller h, which strips
the fibre from the roller c.
I have in the foregoing description given certain arrangements by which
my Invention may be carried into effect, but I do not confine myself thereto,
as many combinations of rollers may be adopted in which the upward and
downward motion of a part of them may be used in addition to the rotatory
motion; I would also observe that I do not limit myself to the use of this
part of my Invention in connection with fibrous materials in any particular
state, for they may be previously or subsequently operated upon by any of the
preparing machinery in common use; or my improvement may be combined
with a blower, carding engine, or other ordinary machine; I would also observe
that although I have described the rollers as armed with teeth, they may, if
desired, be plain.
The next part of my Invention is shewn at Fig. 4, and according to which
I construct one or more of the rollers used in any preparing machine, as at a,
the boundaries of its acting part being at an angle to its axis when the
material is passed between a pair of rollers, one or both of which is or are
formed upon this principle: it is drawn in the direction of the axis of the
roller first towards one side and then towards the other. In order that the
pair of rollers may rest against each other, a cylindrical part is formed at each
end, as at b. This roller may be fluted, if desired. Fig. 5 shews a modifica-
tion of this part of my Invention, in which there are a number of projecting
parts similar to a, Fig. 1, but narrower, formed, however, upon the same
principle, each part a being a portion of a cylinder severed at an angle to the
axis. Fig. 6 shews another roller acting upon the same principle as the above;
in this case the roller is a complete cylinder, but is furnished with spiral
flutings; it may, as well as the preceding, be used in any description of pre-
paring machinery in which such rollers are employed, and they may be caused
to act with rollers of the usual construction, or the pair may be constructed
according to my Invention.
Another part of my Invention relates to the carding engine, and is shewn

page_text: at Fig. 7, which represents the main cylinder of such machine according to my
improvement. I place the sheets of cards on the cylinder at an angle to the
axis thereof, so that each one comes gradually into operation upon the same
principle as the rollers above described.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner of carrying the same into effect, I desire it to be understood
that I claim as secured to me under the above in part recited Letters
Patent,
Firstly, the use in preparing machinery of rollers which, in addition to their
rotatory motion, move bodily so as to convey the material and act upon it by
working in conjunction with apparatus at the feed and delivery ends.
Secondly, the use of rollers constructed according to the methods illustrated
at Figs. 4, 5, and 6.
Thirdly, placing the cards upon carding cylinders at an angle to the axis
thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jean Jacques Bourcart, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
J. J. BOURCART, (L.S.)