IN- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EXTENDING TRELLISWORK AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Christopher Causley, of Stoke Newington, in the
County of Middlesex, Timber Merchant, for the Invention of “ IN-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EXTENDING TRELLISWORK AND IN
APPARATUS THEREFOR.”
"
Sealed the 16th October 1875, and dated the 23rd April 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Christopher Causley
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 23rd April 1875.
I, CHRISTOPHER CAUSLEY, of Stoke Newington, in the County of
Middlesex, Timber Merchant, do hereby declaro the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EXTENDING TRELLIS-
WORK AND IN Apparatus thereFOR," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of
extending trelliswork and in apparatus therefor.
According to my Invention the laths to compose the trelliswork are
cut to the proper lengths and their ends to the proper angles with the
least expenditure of labour by placing a certain number of the laths in a

page_text: box of the required length of the laths, and with its open side shaped
to the angle it is desired to give the ends of the laths, which is done by
sawing off the laths against the sloping side of the box, when the laths
will be shaped as required. The number of laths necessary to form the
picce of trelliswork required are then put into a shallow box or tray of
the required size close together and in two layers, one set of laths
crossing the other at the required angle. These two layers of laths
have now to be united by two, three, or more rows of nails, according to
the size of the diamond required and the length of the laths. The
proper lines for the rows of nails are found by notches or recesses
formed in the opposite side of the rim of the shallow box or tray con-
taining the laths, to which marks or recesses straightedges are
adjusted and the lines marked across the laths. The bottom of the said
box is formed with slots across, so that the nails driven through the
laths may enter the said slots and thus pass through the laths sufficiently
to be afterwards riveted over. The nails are driven on the lines indicated
as above, each in the centre of the lath, and when all are inserted the
piece of trelliswork is removed from the box and placed top downwards
on a plate of iron or other hard substance, and the points of the nails
riveted over and so secured in position. Under the head of the nail a
washer of tin or similar substance is placed and a like washer over the
point of the nail before being riveted over. This prevents either the head
or point of the nail being drawn through. The washers may when
desired be dispensed with.
The laths before being put together, as described, are planed on both
sides and edges, and it being necessary for all the laths to be of the
exact width of one another they are placed standing on edge in boxes of
the required depth, on the edges of which boxes the plane rests when in
use so as to reduce the laths all to one size.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Christopher Causley, Her
special license that I, the said Christopher Causley, my exccutors, ad-
ministrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Christopher
Causley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, usc, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EXTENDING TRELLISWORK
AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Christopher Causley, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Christopher Causlcy, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof (that is to say) :—
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of
extending trelliswork and in apparatus therefor.
And in order that my Invention may be thoroughly understood and
readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the same with the
aid of the accompanying Drawings, reference being had to the letters
and figures marked thereon. In each case the same letter of reference
wherever it occurs indicates like or corresponding parts.
Figure 1 illustrates a piece of my extending trelliswork closed up as
when in store or for transit; and Figure 2 illustrates the same picce
extended for use.
The laths of which the trelliswork is constructed are first planed on

page_text: both the flat sides, they are then put several together on edge into a
box, illustrated at Figure 3, in plan and cross section, the sectional view
being taken at the line 1, 2, of the plan. This box is of the length of
the laths before they are cut up for use or large enough for the largest
trelliswork to be made, and has two rectangular channels A running
nearly its entire length, but blind at one end and open at the other.
These channels A. are of different depths, as shewn in the cross section,
and it is into these channels that the laths are put several together on
edge side by side until the channel is full. They are first so put into
the deepest of the channels which is of such depth that they will project
a little above its surrounding edge; they are then planed down on the
edges until reduced to the level of the top of the channel, and this is
effected by the edges of the plane on either side of the cutting tool
resting and travelling on the guide surfaces a, the laths are then
removed and placed together with their planed edges downwards in the 1
shallow of the said channels, and their other edges are then planed in
like manner; they are then all of exactly the same width, planed on
both sides and edges, and ready to be cut to the lengths required.
This is effected as follows:-On reference to Figure 1 it will be
observed that there are two forms of laths, viz., those that go right 2
across from top to bottom, whose opposite ends are of the same angle
and parallel, and those that beginning at top or bottom terminate in the
side, and whose opposite ends are of opposite and different angles.
The correct angles of the ends and right length of lath are obtained
in the following manner:-The laths to go right across are formed in 2
the box, illustrated at Figure 4 by plan and end view, and which is of
the same length as the box illustrated at Figure 3. It has a rectangular
channel B running almost through its entire length, but blind at one
end and open at the other, the inner form of the blind end corresponding
to the angle to be given to the ends of the laths, and at various points 3
in the length of the box are cuts 6 parallel to the blind end of the
channel B, their number and position corresponding to the lengths of
the laths required. The channel B is sufficiently wide to receive the
laths on their sides, in which form they are placed in the channel one
above another until it is filled. At first they are just so inserted until 8
their ends correspond with one of the cuts 6 when they are sawn off, the
cut 6 guiding the saw to the right angle. The laths are then removed,

page_text: the small end pieces cleared out of the box, and the laths then replaced
as before, the shaped ends being forced up to the blind end of channel B
so that the two surfaces will correspond and lay together. The other
ends of the laths are then shaped by being sawn off at that one of the
cuts according with the length of lath required.
The laths with the ends of opposite and different angles are formed in
the boxes, illustrated at Figures 5 and 6, in each case in plan and end
view. These boxes are each of the same dimensions as that illustrated
at Figure 4, and differ from one another only in the blind end of the
channel B and in the angles at which the cuts b are formed, the one
with the more acute angle at the end of the channel having the cuts at
a less acute angle, and the other with the less acute angle at the end of
the channel having the cuts of the more acute angle.
The method of employing them is as follows:-The laths having been
finished on both sides and edges, as already described, are introduced on
the side one above the other into the channel B of the box, illustrated at
Figure 5, until the ends correspond with one of the cuts b, and they are
then sawn off at the angle of the cut, thus giving the required angle to
one end of the laths, and in this case the less acute angle; the laths are
then removed into the box, illustrated at Figure 6, and the shaped ends
pushed up to the end of the channel B, with which they will correspond,
and the two surfaces lie together; the angle is then imparted to the
other ends of the laths by sawing through them at that one of the cuts b
corresponding with the length of laths required.
When the short lengths are being made so that the long lengths of
lath will cut into two or more, the laths after the first length has been
cut off, as described, are then treated as follows:-Where the saw cut has
been made at one of the cuts b, as last described, the anglo given to the
picce remaining, as also to the finished lath, is the more acute angle; this
part left over is then removed into the other box where the angle of the
ends of the laths will correspond with the end of the channel B, and the
form is then given to the other ends of the laths by sawing through them
at that one of the cuts 6 corresponding with the length of lath required
as before, and so on alternately until the long length has been cut up.
All the laths required being thus prepared they are made up into trellis-
work in a frame, illustrated in plan at Figures 7 and 8, and in longi-

page_text: Gudimal section at Figure 5, the section being taken at the ™³
Figure 8. O is a rectangular frame of wood, the ends being morticed
into the side beams so as to be flush all round top and bottom, and
beneath are three planks D running longitudinally and fastened to the
end and side pieces of the frame. To theso longitudinal planks aro fixed
at equal distances apart transverse flat bars of iron E. The frame C is
made long enough for the largest size of trelliswork to be made, and
when smaller sizes are required the space required is portioned off by
a cross bar F dropped into one of the notches G in the sides of the
frame.
In Figure 7 is illustrated a small size of trelliswork partly filled;
Figure 8 illustrates the frame without the trelliswork. The cross bar F
having been placed in position the laths H to form the trelliswork are
laid between it and the end of the frame side by side and in two layers,
the laths crossing one another at such an angle that the centre line of
any lath in one layer will intersect the centre line of the crossing laths
of the other series at points distant from one another equal to the length
of the side of the diamond to be formed. When a sufficient number of
laths have been thus arranged they are held firmly together for the time
being by the bar I wedged up against them by the wedges J. The next
operation is to nail the two layers together in the lines of intersection of
the centre lines of the laths. The distances between these having been
determined aro indicated on the opposite sides of the frame by notches K,
and a straightedge being dropped into them a pencil mark is drawn
across, thus giving the line to work to.
It will be found necessary to nail only on the two outside and
alternate lines, and a few occasional nails on the intermediato lines, the
nails just passing the edges of the iron bars. When all the nails are
driven the piece of trellis is turned over face downwards and the ends
reversed, when the heads of the nails will come over the iron bars and
the points of the nails are then rivetted once and the piece of trellis is
completed.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of the
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to or may be
performed, I claim as my Invention to be secured by the herein-before
in part recited Letters, Patent, the improvements in extending trollis-

page_text: work and in apparatus therefor, substantially as herein-before described
and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Christopher Causley, have hereunto
set my hand and scal, this Twenty-third day of October, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.