by Cold Rolling.
Year: 1888

page_text: Articles by Cold Rolling.
I, HENRY ALEXIS WILLIAMS of Taunton in the County of Bristol and State of
Massachusetts, United States of America, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of my invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention comprises an improved method of rolling tapers, also automatic
mechanism for feeding the wire from which the articles such as hackle pins, awls,
lasting tacks and the like are to be made, cutting the same to the required lengths,
presenting the cut pieces successively to the several pairs of reducing rolls for gradual
reduction, and discharging the pointed articles, all as hereinafter fully described,
reference being made to the accompanying drawings in which
Fig. 1 is a plan view of part of the machine showing the apparatus for the beginning
of the process and part of the continuation of the same.
Fig. 2 is a plan view of another part showing the completing and discharging
apparatus.
Fig. 3 is an end elevation.
Fig. 4 is a transverse section on line xx of fig. 1.
Figs. 5, 6 & 7 are details illustrating the action of the rolls.
Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating the progressive operations of the rolls.
Figs. 9, 10 & 11 are details of the apparatus for holding the wires and presenting
them to the rolls.
Fig. 12 is a detail of the wire feeder.
The wire a, is successively fed into the chucks b, by the feeder c, and cut off in
lengths by the cutters d, the chucks are shifted along intermittingly by the endless
chains e, to each of the pairs of tapering rolls f, one after another, to which rolls the
wires are also so presented by said chucks as to be repeatedly acted upon by each pair
for gradual reduction in a series of about six pairs of rolls, more or less, having grooves
D77

page_text: partly taper and partly parallel and from the finishing rolls, the wires are next
presented to a discharging, chuck g, by which they are taken from the holding
chucks and discharged from the machine, a wire blank being supplied and another
completed and discharged by each consecutive round of the machine's action. The
rolls, are placed in a line lengthwise, and the carrying chains are arranged along one
side of and parallel with the line of rolls suitably for transferring the blanks along the
rolls. The lower roll of each pair is geared with the shaft h, parallel to the line of
rolls by a pinion i, and wheel j, and the rolls of each pair are geared together in the
usual manner.
The chains run on chain carrying wheels K, geared at one end of the
range with an intermediate shaft 1, by the wheel m, pinion o, shaft Pi and the bevel
pinion and wheels, pinion 7 is coupled with shaft p, by a clutch t, which is in
practice to be automatically shifted for periodically moving the chains to transfer the
blanks from rolls to rolls, and allowing the chains to rest while the blanks are being
acted upon by the rolls, which revolve continuously and make several revolutions and
as many actions on the blanks, whilst the chains are at rest.
g
The shafts and are geared together by the wheels and v of equal diameters,
and they are further geared by wheel w to the main driving shaft x, to which the
power is to be applied in any approved way.
The shaft, turns the cam shaft y, by the bevel wheels, and this shaft carries
a cam a¹ which works the feeder c, by the lever 1, it also carries the cam c¹ to
work the wire holding gripper d¹, by the lever e¹, it also carries cams f¹ and g¹,
to work the chuck closer h¹, by the lever, and push slide j³, and said shaft
also carries the cams K', to work the cutter lever ¹, by which the wires are cut
to the lengths required. The feeder slide c, may consist of a clamp fig. 12 made
by a swell of cam a', acting under the end m¹ of lever b¹ to pinch the wire with
sufficient grip to feed it forward, but so as to slip back along the wire for a new
length when the grip holder d', takes effect which begins just prior to the back
shift of the feeder and continues until the beginning of the forward movement of
said feeder but any approved form of feeder may be used. The wires are thrust
into the holding chucks b, and are gripped thereby prior to being cut off, so as
to be held during the pointing operations; these chucks may be contrived in any
approved way, but in this case consist of spring jaws on one end of a supporting
staff n', and tapering from the end backward, with a sliding collar o¹, to close
them by shifting forward along the taper; the chuck closer consists of the forked
book on the end of the long looped spring bar h², attached to the end of
lever, which vibrates for giving the. forward and backward motions, and the
slide springs the fork back and holds it out of the way of the chucks while
they are being brought into position by the chains for receiving the blanks.
chuck staffs are mounted on cross plates p¹, of the chains by slides ql, capable of
shifting forward and backward on said plates and the staffs are also fitted to shift
lengthwise in the slides with a spring to each, thrusting them forward to the
limit of their movement in the slide, towards the roll.
The
From the position where the chucks receive the blanks from the feeder the
slides are carried forward by the chains over a bar t¹, which is made to shift the
slides towards the rolls for presenting the wires to the rolls where the chains
rest, and to shift then back again before the starting of the chains to enable the
wires to clear the housings of the rolls, said bar being made to vibrate as required
for this purpose and being suitably connected therefor with the slides.
The means which I have adopted in this case for connecting the bar and the
slides consist of guide studs u', projecting from the bottom of each slide q' so as
to embrace the bar between them, said studs being curved or beveled on each
side suitably for passing the ends of the bar without conflict, and the end of the
bar which enters between them being tapered for the same purpose.
There may
be a guide along which the slides may be properly directed as they approach the
bar by the tail ends of the staffs running against the guide. For effecting the
forward and backward movements of the bar it is in this example attached to
sliding bars w¹, mounted in suitable ways in or under the table ¹," and connected

page_text: to levers y¹ on rock shaft ¹, and operated by the sliding push bar a², in the
forward direction, and by springs of any kind as 62, in the other direction, the
push bar being actuated by the cam e², on the main driving shaft z.
cam.
The cross plates p', of the carrying chains run in guide ways d², of the table to
prevent them from sagging, and also to resist the lateral thrusts of the chuck
slides and chuck staffs. The clutch shifting device for engaging the chain shifting
gear is to be timed for effecting the connection by clutch t, immediately after
push bar a², shifts back into the notch e², of cam c, and after shifting the blank
holding chucks along the distance from one pair of rolls to another, it disconnects
prior to the said push bar being thrust forward again, by the incline 3, of the
In the forward position of the chuck slides the wire blanks a, are thrust
between the rolls as in fig. 5 through the gaps g, of the roll groove by the
springs, to the limit of such movement by the pin or collar i, coming against
the head of the slide q', the taper parts 7, of the roll grooves then bite on the
blank forcing it back against the spring and reducing the blank for a short
distance, and to a practicable extent and then the parallel parts k², of the grooves
follow, and reduce the rest of the blank to the size of the smaller part of the
taper. The rolls make say four revolutions to each rest of the carrying chains
and repeat the action as many times on each blank for effective and uniform
work. In Fig. 5, which is supposed to represent the pair of rolls first acting on
the blank and effecting the first portion of the taper reduction the taper portions j³,
of the grooves are only about half the length of the same portions of the grooves
in the second pair of rolls, Fig. 6. In the third pair Fig. 7, the said taper
portions are about three times as long as in the first pair, and they increase in
about the same measure throughout the series of rolls, all the taper portions being
the same size or substantially so at the beginning, and all taking effect at the
same place or thereabout on the blank, that is, at the beginning of the taper, but
only very slightly affecting the previously tapered portions, and each pair extending
the taper a like amount or thereabout in the sinaller portion as illustrated in
Fig. 8, thus effecting gradual reduction by easy stages in the most favorable
conditions for the condensation of the metal in the most dense and tough state
without any fracture or distortion whatever and without severe or undue strain of
the working apparatus.
At the same time the blanks are caused to rotate for ensuring the desired
symmetrical round form and uniformity of condensation by changing the position
circumferentially for every action of the rolls so that the effects of the rolls are
substantially alike all around the wires. In this case the rotation of the blanks is effected
by the reciprocating toothed rack 12, with which the chuck staffs are geared by the
pinions m³, on them and confined by the yokes n³, of the carrying plates pl, so that
said pinions are kept in gear with the rack whilst the staffs slide forward and backward
with relation to the rolls. The rack exends along the front of all the rolls and the
chuck staffs come into gear with it and pass away from it as they are carried along it
by the chains. A stationary rack which only rotates the blanks as they are moved
along will change the blanks between the pairs of rolls and to some extent effect the
same object.
The rack is arranged in suitable slide ways on the table and is coupled with the
crank-pin of the disk o, by the connecting rod p², and the disk is geared with the
cam shaft y, by the pinion q³, on its shaft and wheel 2, on said cam shaft. The staffs
are preferably geared with the rack by ratchets e³, and a pawl f, to allow the back
movement of the rack without turning the wires while in the grip of the rolls, the
pinions m², being fitted loosely on the staffs, but the ratchets being feathered thereon
suitably for the purpose and the pawls suitably pivoted on the pinions m², the ratchet
mechanism may however be dispensed with and the staffs positively geared with the
rack, as the rack shifts slowly and may be so timed with relation to the rolls, that they
will grip the blanks while the rack rests during the changes of its movements and
while the crank pin to which it is connected is passing its centres, but should the

page_text: chucks be in rotation while the blanks are gripped by the rolls, the chucks will shift
on the blanks sufficiently to avoid any objectionable conflict.
From the finishing rolls the pointed wires pass along to the discharging chuck g,
which consists of spring jaws which in the forward movement are pressed on and grip
the wire, and at the same time push back the collar ol, by pusher g³, so as to open the
holding chuck, and release the wire from it, then chuck g goes back and is opened by the
stud 2, so that it lets the wire fall. Chuck g is mounted on the slide u³, connected to
crank shaft y², and fitted in another slide v², in which it is bound by the gib w², and
set screws a³, so that both slides move together except when slide 2, is arrested by
the stops a³, and 63, the stud 2, is fixed in slide v³, and extends upward through the
slot separating the spring jaws, so that when slide v², is arrested by stop b³, in its
forward movement, the chuck moves on leaving the stud 2, in a wider part of the slot
allowing the jaws to close and grip the wire. The chuck g, then shifts back with the
wire and thus removes it from the holding chuck, and it opens and drops the wire
when stop a³, arrests slide v², and the more contracted part of the slot of the
spring jaws returns along stud ts, and causes the opening of the jaws.
The crank shaft y², operating the discharging chuck is geared by the pinion d³, with
the last roll driver j, of the series. I use a separate pair of rolls for each pass or
groove instead of two or more passes in one pair as might be arranged, because it is
more desirable for certain reasons to use such small rolls as would not have the
necessary strength of cross section for acting on more than one wire, but the general
plan of the invention is the same whether one or more pairs are employed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1st. The method of gradually producing taper points of wire by rolling a short
section of the taper, beginning at the base thereof, with a cylindrical continuation
'from the taper to the end of the wire, and successively rolling other taper portions
with correspondingly reduced cylindrical portions and thereby completing the taper
point, substantially as described.
2nd. The combination in a wire pointing machine of a series of roll grooves or
passes having the opening grip for admitting the wires, the taper section following
the opening gap, and the parallel section following the taper section; the taper section
of each successive pass being substantially uniform in size of the beginning but
successively longer than said part of the preceding groove and the parallel section
being correspondingly reduced substantially as described.
3rd. The combination in a wire pointing machine of a series of grooves or passes
located at intervals along the axis of the rolls, an intermittingly shifting endless carrier
and a series of holding chucks on said carrier, adapted to hold and shift the blanks,
along the rolls from pass to pass, and also to shift the blanks forward to and backward
from the rolls, substantially as described.
4th. The combination in a wire pointing machine of a series of grooves or passes
located at intervals along the axis of the rolls, an intermittingly shifting endless
carrier, a series of holding chucks on said carrier adapted to hold and present the
blanks to the different passes successively, and a feeder and cutter that insert the
blanks in the holding chucks, substantially as described.
5th. The combination in a wire pointing machine of a series of pointing grooves
or passes located at intervals along the axis of the rolls, an intermittingly shifting
endless carrier, a series of holding chucks on said carrier adapted to hold and
present the blanks to the different passes successively and a discharging chuck that
removes the blanks from the holding chucks and discharges them from itself,
substantially as described.
6th. The combination in a wire pointing machine of a series of pointing grooves
or passes located at intervals along the axis of the rolls, an intermittingly shifting
endless carrier, a series of holding chucks on said carrier adapted to hold and

page_text: present the blanks to the different passes successively, a feeder and cutter that
insert the blanks on the holding chucks, and a discharging chuck that removes the
blanks from the holding chucks and discharges them from itself, substantially as
described.
7th. The combination in a wire pointing machine of a series of pointing grooves
or passes located at intervals along the axis of the rolls, the intermittingly shifting
endless carrier, the series of holding chucks on said carrier adapted to hold and
present the blanks to the different passes successively, and the shifting bar adapted
to shift the chucks towards and from the rolls alternately with the shifting of the
chucks along the rolls, substantially as described.
8th. The combination in a wire pointing machine of a series of pointing grooves
or passes located at intervals along the axis of the rolls the intermittingly shifting
endless carrier, the series of holding chucks on said carrier adapted to hold and
present the blanks to the different passes successively, the shifting bar adapted to
shift the chucks towards and from the rolls alternately with the shifting of the
chucks along the rolls, the feeder and cutter that insert the blanks in the holding
chucks, and the guide that controls the chucks relatively to the feeder and cutter,
substantially as described.
9th. The combination in a 'wire pointing machine of the endless intermittingly
shifting carrier, the series of holding chucks on said carrier, the feeder and cutter that
insert the blanks in said chucks, and the chuck closing fork, said fork having lateral
movement for clearing the chucks when coming into position, and for engaging them
afterwards, and a movement lengthwise of the chuck to shift the chuck closing ring,
substantially as described.
10th. The combination in a wire pointing machine of the endless intermittingly
shifting carrier, the series of holding chucks on said carrier the feeder and cutter that
insert the blanks in said chucks, the chuck closing fork, the push slide for pushing the
fork clear of the shifting chucks, and the vibrating lever effecting the chuck closing
movement of the fork, substantially as described.
11th. The combination in a wire pointing machine of a series of pointing grooves or
passes located at intervals along the axis of the rolls, the intermittingly shifting
endless carrier, the series of holding chucks on said carrier adapted to present the
blanks to the different passes successively, and the chuck rotating gear for turning the
blanks and distributing the effects of the rolls on the blanks, substantially as
described.
12th. The combination in a wire pointing machine of a series of pointing grooves
or passes located at intervals along the axis of the rolls, the intermittingly shifting
endless carrier, the series of holding chucks on said carrier adapted to hold and
present the blanks to the different passes successively, the shifting bar adapted to
shift the chucks towards and from the rolls alternately with the shifting of the chucks
along the rolls, the discharging chuck and the guide controlling the holding chucks
with relation to the discharging chuck, substantially as described.
13th. The combination with the holding chucks having the closing collar of the
discharging chuck having the collar shifting stud adapted to open the holding chucks
and also having spring jaws adapted to grip and remove the wires from the holding
chuck, substantially as described.
14th. The combination of the spring jaws of the discharging chuck on the slide
connected with the crank shaft, and the stop slide having the jaw slide fitted in
and working it, and also having the stops and the jaw opening stud, substantially as
described.
15th. The combination with the rolls having a series of wire pointing grooves of
the series of holding chucks mounted on the endless intermittingly shifting chain, by
the chuck slides fitted to reciprocate towards and from the rolls in the cross plates
of the chain, and also mounted to reciprocate in said chuck slides, and having a
retracting spring, substantially as described.
16th. The combination of the roll train, and the chuck carrying chain respectively
geared with the main shaft; and the chuck slide shifting bar actuated by the cams on

page_text: said main shaft through the instrumentality of the push slides, the bar carrying slides
on the table and the levers connecting said bar carrying slides and push slides,
substantially as described.
17th. The combination with the roll train, the chuck carrying chain, and the chucks
thereon, of the cam shaft geared with the roll driver; the wire feeder, gripper and
cutter and the feeder cam, gripper cam and cutter cam, on said shaft, substantially as
described.
18th. The combination with the roll train; the chuck carrying chain and the
chucks thereon of the cam shaft geared with the roll driver, the wire feeder, gripper,
cutter, chuck closer, and the feeder cam, gripper cam, cutter cam and the chuck
closer cam, substantially as described.
Dated this 2nd day of October 1888.
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
Associate Agent.