A MACHINE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BOLTS AND RIVETS
Year: 1857

page_text: Sealed the 2nd October 1857, and dated the 3rd April 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald
Brooman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 3rd April 1857.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, E. C., Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A MACHINE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BOLTS AND RIVETS,"
(communicated to me by a foreigner residing abroad,) to be as follows:-
This machine consists of a circular matrix holder with four matrices for
holding the bolt or rivet during its manufacture. The matrix holder is keyed
upon one end of a shaft, upon the opposite end of which is a toothed wheel,
connected to which is a disc or circular plate or band, with four notches at
equal distances from each other. A catch lever takes into a notch when the
same comes opposite to it on being driven by a pinion upon a shaft. This
pinion is only toothed round part of its circumference, and the teeth are so
regulated that when the catch lever is engaged in one of the notches the
wheel shaft and matrix holder remain stationary. A cutting chisel is fixed on

page_text: the side of the matrix holder opposite that on which the matrix shaft is placed,
and a head-forming stamp or punch on the end of a shaft is made to
and fro opposite one of the matrices. Again, on the same side as the matrix
holder shaft is a clearer, in the shape of a rod, for clearing the matrix of the
finished bolt or rivet. This rod is worked by cam-like projections upon the
shaft, upon which the partially-toothed pinion is fixed in such manner as to
partake of a to-and-fro motion. A cranked shaft is made to move the head-
forming punch. One train of wheels causes the whole machinery to operate,
and each part to perform its respective office at the proper time. A heavy fly
wheel is keyed on the first wheel shaft. The operation of the machine is as
follows: A bar of red-hot iron is fed into one of the matrices, or if desired
the iron may be first cut into suitable lengths. The matrix-holding wheel is
caused to rotate one-fourth of a revolution, and the iron being brought against
the cutting chisel is cut off into a proper length, which can be varied by means
of a guide on the machine. The matrix holder then performs another quarter
of a revolution, which brings the bar of iron opposite to the head-forming
stamp on one side, and a pressure screw to resist the pressure on the opposite
side. When exactly opposite to it the stamp performs its stroke and shapes
the head of the bolt or rivet. As soon as the stamp commences its back
stroke, the matrix holder performs the third quarter of its revolution, and
brings the now formed bolt or rivet opposite to the clearing rod, which imme-
diately advances and pushes the bolt or rivet head first out of the matrix.
The clearer then returns, when the matrix holder performs the remaining
quarter revolution, and brings round the empty matrix to be fed with iron as
before, and then the several operations are repeated.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Archibald Brooman in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 3rd October 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, E. C., 3
Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Richard Archibald Brooman, Her special licence that I, the said

page_text: Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "A MACHINE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BOLTS AND RIVETS,"
(communicated to me by a foreigner residing abroad,) upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, that is to say:-
This machine consists of a circular matrix holder or die holder with four
matrices or dies for holding the bolt or rivet during its manufacture. The
holder is keyed upon one end of a shaft, upon the opposite end of which is a
toothed wheel, connected to which is a disc or circular plate or band, with
four notches at equal distances from cach other. A catch lever takes into a
notch when the same comes opposite to it on being driven by a pinion upon a
shaft. This pinion is only toothed round part of its circumference, and the
teeth are so regulated that when the catch lever is engaged in one of the
notches the wheel shaft and matrix holder remain stationary. A cutting chisel
is fixed on the side of the matrix holder opposite that on which the matrix
shaft is placed, and a head-forming stamp or punch on the end of a shaft is
made to move to and fro opposite one of the matrices. Again, on the same
sile as the matrix holder shaft is a clearer, in the shape of a rod, for clearing
the matrix of the finished bolt or rivet. This rod is worked by cam-like
projections upon the shaft, upon which the partially-toothed pinion is fixed in
such manner as to partake of a to-and-fro motion. A cranked shaft is made to
move the head-forming punch. One train of wheels causes the whole machinery
to operate, and each part to perform its respective office at the proper time.
A heavy fly wheel is keyed on the first wheel shaft.

page_text: The operation of the machine is as follows:-A bar of red-hot iron is fed
into one of the matrices, or if desired the iron may be first cut into suitable
lengths. The matrix-holding wheel is caused to rotate one fourth of a revo-
lution, and the iron being brought against the cutting chisel is cut off into a
proper length, which can be varied by means of a guide on the machine. The
matrix holder then performs another quarter of a revolution, which brings the
bar of iron opposite to the head-forming stamp on one side, and a pressure
screw to resist the pressure on the opposite side. When exactly opposite to it
the stamp performs its stroke and shapes the head of the bolt or rivet. As
soon as the stamp commences its back stroke, the matrix holder performs the
third quarter of its revolution, and brings the now formed bolt or rivet oppo-
site to the clearing rod, which immediately advances and pushes the bolt or
rivet head first out of the matrix. The clearer then returns, when the matrix
holder performs the remaining quarter revolution, and brings round the empty
matrix to be fed with iron as before, and then the several operations are
repeated.
The Drawings hereunto annexed represent the improved machine, Figure 1
being a plan; Figure 2, a longitudinal elevation, partly in section; and Figure
3, an end elevation of the same. 1 is the die holder, in which are fixed four
dies, by keys or otherwise; 2 is the horizontal reciprocating shaft, which
carries the die or punch 2¹, for forming the bolt or rivet head, and which
receives its motion from a bent or cam shaft 3, which has a triangular convex-
sided section, where it passes through the loop or slot 2 of the shaft 2; 4 is the
cutter carrier; and 4', the cutter, for severing the iron into short lengths; 5 is a
screw, which carries a guage plate or guage bar 29, for determining the length
of the bolt or rivet; 6 is a rod, carrying at its extremity a pin or bolt 6', for
pushing the formed rivet from the die; 7 is the pin or bolt on which the lever
8 which works the rod 6 is centred. The lever 8 is moved from left to right,
and vice versa, by means of the cams 9, which are carried by the shaft 10.
This shaft 10 transmits motion to the pinion 11, which has upon it as many
teeth as are necessary to impart a fourth of a revolution to the toothed
wheel 12 four times during one revolution of the shaft 10, leaving the said
wheel 12 at rest for a short interval between cach two successive motions.
The wheel 12 has affixed to it a disc 12, which has in its periphery four
notches 12", diametrically opposite each other, two and two, and the lever 13
has formed on it a projection 18', which takes into one or other of the notches
12 when the lever 13 is raised by means of the counterpoise 14, which is
connected to it by a string 14', passing over the pully 27, which is supported
by the upright 28. 15 is a pin or bolt which receives the blow or pressure of

page_text: the punch 21, the extent to which this bolt 15 projects being regulated accord-
ing to the length of the bolt or rivet to be made by means of the screw 15';
16 is the shaft of the wheel 12, and also carries the die holder 1; 17 is the
driving shaft of the machine, which carries a fly wheel 18, and is furnished
with the fast and loose pullies 19, 19, round one or other of which the driving
belt passes; 20 is a safety clutch for connecting and disconnecting; 21, 21',
are bevil wheels, for transmitting motion to the shaft 10 from the shaft 17
through the pinion 22 and the wheel 23; 24 is the framework of the
machine; 25, a solid block or standard, supporting the shaft 16; 26, a solid
block or standard supporting the shaft 2; 29 is the guage plate or guage
bar, which determines the length of the rivet; 30, 30, are cross bars, con-
necting the two heads or principal portions of the machine. The operation of
the machine is as follows:-Motion is imparted by an endless band to the fast
pulley 19, and thence through the pinion 22, the wheel 23, the bevil wheels
21, 21, the shaft 10, and the wheel 11, and thence periodically through the
wheel 12 and the shaft 16 to the die holder 1. A piece of heated iron a
is inserted in that dic which is at any moment uppermost, and when the
holder 1 has made its first partial rotation is cut off to its required length
by the cutter 4; it is then carried by the next partial rotation of 1 to
the lowest position, being forced backward by the bar 29 as it moves along its
inclined surface, and there receives a sufficient pressure to shape the head from
the die 21, which at that moment is suitably advanced. During this action
the motion of the bolt or rivet a is resisted by the pin or bolt 15. The next
partial rotation being now made, the rivet is carried up and stops in front of
the pin or bolt 6', which is at that moment advanced by the action of the
cams 9, through the lever 8 and the rod 6, and the bolt or rivet is thus pushed
out of the die. The fourth partial rotation of the holder 1 carries the empty
die up to the position in which it may receive a fresh piece of heated iron.
By feeding a piece of heated iron into each of the four dies as they successively
come to their highest positions the manufacture of four bolts simultaneously
may be kept up continuously.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First, the construction of a machine for making bolts and rivets, in which
machine a holder carrying a number of dies receives a partial rotation
periodically, and thus brings bars of heated iron supplied to it successively
opposite to tools or instruments for cutting off the required lengths, shaping
the bolts or rivets, and forcing them from the dies, as herein-before described.
Second, the construction of a machine for making bolts and rivets; and

page_text: the combination of its several parts, both as herein-before described, and repre-
sented in the Drawings hereunto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Third day of October, One thou-
sand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
R. A. BROOMAN. (L.S.)