Improvements in Frames for Spinning, Doubling. Twisting, or Roving Jute, Flax, Hemp, Cotton, Worsted, or other Fibrous Substances.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Mar., 1887
Complete Left, 13th Dec., 1887
Complete Accepted, 20th Jan., 1888
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Frames for Spinning, Doubling. Twisting, or
Roving Jute, Flax, Hemp, Cotton, Worsted, or other Fibrous
Substances.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAING, of 10 Panmure Street, Dundee, in the County of
Forfar, North Britain, partner of the firm of Laing Brothers and Company, Stobwell
Works, Dundee aforesaid, Jute Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in frames for spinning, doubling,
twisting or roving jute, flax, hemp, cotton, worsted or other fibrous substances, has for
its object to dispense with the revolving spindle ordinarily employed and in lieu
thereof to perform the operations of spinning, doubling, twisting or roving of fibrous
substances by means of a flyer revolving independently of a spindle, and to substitute
pins for rotating spindles for carrying the bobbins.
In applying these improvements in practice, the flyer runs upon or in a bearing
attached to or forming part of a rail of spinning, doubling, twisting or roving frames.
The yarn or other fibre passes through the head or body or upper part of the flyer
or through the bearing thereof, or through both the head of the flyer and bearing and
thence to the leg or legs of the flyer. The pin on which the bobbin revolves
approaches to and recedes from the head of the flyer by means of the usual heart cam
or by an equivalent arrangement.
J. H. JOHNSON, DAY & JOHNSON,
115, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow,
Petitioner's Agents.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Frames for Spinning, Doubling. Twisting, or
Roving Jute, Flax, Hemp, Cotton, Worsted, or other Fibrous
Substances.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAING of 10 Panmure Street, Dundee, in the County of
Forfar, North Britain, Partner of the firm of Laing Brothers and Company, Stolwell
Works, Dundee aforesaid, Jute Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
My Invention, which relates to improvements in frames for spinning, doubling.
twisting or roving jute, flax, hemp, cotton, worsted or other fibrous substances, has
for its object to dispense with the revolving spindles ordinarily employed and in lieu
thereof to perform the operations of spinning, doubling, twisting or roving of fibrous
substances by means of improved arrangements of flyers revolving independently of
the spindle and to substitute pins for the rotating spindles generally used for carrying
the bobbins.
In carrying out these improvements in practice, the flyer runs upon or in a bearing
or in bearings attached to or forming part of a rail of spinning, doubling, twisting or
roving frames.
The yarn or other fibre passes through the head or body constituting the upper
part of the flyer or through the bearing thereof, or through both the head of the flyer
and the bearing and thence to the leg or legs of the flyer. The pin on which the
bobbin revolves approaches to and recedes from the head of the flyer by means of the
usual heart eam mechanism or by an equivalent arrangement of mechanism.
In order that my Invention may be properly understood and readily carried into
effect, I will now proceed to describe the drawings hereunto annexed.
Figure 1, is a side elevation partly in soction of one arrangement of the improved
flyer and bobbin pin constructed in accordance with my Invention.
Figure 1, is a plan of the bracket which carries the flyer and Figure 1b is a plan
of the arrangement of the improved flyer and pulley for rotating it. The bracket A,
is fixed by bolts passed through holes a, to the rail (not shown in the drawings) of
the frame and to which the eye boards are usually fastened. Upon the under or
lower projecting neck portion a', of the said bracket A, there is screwed, with a left
handed thread, the bush B, having a flange or collar at its bottom, and which is
preferably made of brass. Upon the said bush the pulley C, is mounted so as to
rotate therein, and it is constructed with two wings, projecting outwards and
downwards as also shown in plan Figure 1. To the underside of these projecting
portions e, legs D, are rivetted as more particularly shown at Figure 1, or these legs
may be otherwise secured thereto, thus forming a flyer. The flyer is thus kept in its
place on the neck a', by the flange or collar at the bottom of the screwed bushi B, and
this bush is adjusted from line to line on the screwed neck a, as the parts wear, so as

page_text: to maintain the flyer in a proper state for being rotated steadily at a high rate of
revolution. The bobbin (not shown in the drawings) is carried upon the tubo X, on
the pin E, upon which it is held by the retaining screw a. The pin E, is fixed upon
the bobbin board or carrier F, in any suitable manner. The bobbin is held on the
tube X, by the action of the spring Y, pressing against the interior of the hole down
the centre of the bobbin. The yarn from the delivery rollers is passed through the
aperture, of the neck of the bracket A, and wound round one of the legs D, of the
flyer in the usual manner and is then passed through the eye d, of that leg of theflyer
on to the bobbin carried upon the pin E.
The pulley C, in this arrangement is driven by a cord c', running in the groove
thereof, and its bearing is kept lubricated, when revolving upon the bush B, by oil
supplied through the hole a³, formed in the top of the bracket.
The necessary up and down motion of the pin E, for the purpose of building up the
layers of yarn upon the bobbin is effected by means of the well-known heart cam and
chain arrangement connecting with the bobbin board ', as is commonly used in
frames for spinning, twisting or doubling, yarns of juic, hemp, flax, and other fibrous
substances or it may be effected by any equivalent, arrangement.
Figure 2, sheet 2, of the accompanying drawings is a side elevation partly in
section of a modified arrangement of my improvements. The bearing surface of the
flyer or pulley head G, is mounted within the neck h, of the bracket H, and rotates
therein, the yarn passing through the central aperture 9, of flyer head. The flyer is in
this case secured in position by the internally screwed ring
carried upon the corre-
spondingly screwed upper central part of the flyer head and it constitutes a top
bearing collar or flange upon the bracket H. and being adjustable by virtue of this
screwed connection the flyer is capable of being so maintained as to rotate steadily at
high velocities. As shown in plan Figure 2, the web h¹, of the bracket in this case
is formed at the right hand side only of of the bracket in order to be out of the way
of the workers left hand in holding the flyer and receiving the thread as it is passed
through the aperture g, in the flyer head.
Figure 3, is a side elevation partly in section, of a modification of my improvements
in which the flyer head or pulley is secured in position by an externally screwed
ring, forming the top bearing surface of the pulley portion j As shewn in plan
Figure 8, the circular portion of the bracket K, is formed with a gap or opening k,
to enable the flyer head with its screwed ringi, to be mounted; in this modification
the yarn also passes through the central opening of the flyer head as shewn in
Figure 3.
Figure 1, sheet 3, of the accompanying drawings is a side elevation partly in
section of a roving flyer operated by gearing in accordance with a further
modification of my improvements. The neck 7, of the flyer, which has screwed within
it the bearing ring P, rotates upon the bush m, carried upon the hollow neck of the
bracket M. The flyer is rotated by the toothed wheel N, gearing with the pinion n,
formed upon the neck of the flyer. The yarn is conducted to the flyer leg through
the conducting tube 1, which may be screwed down upon or into or otherwise
attached to the top of the flyer. The yarn is carried down the hollow leg of the flyer
and through the eye of the extremities as shewn and as is well understood in
connection with roving flyers. This modification of the manner of holding and
driving the flyer is not limited however to roving flyers, as it may also be adapted to
flyers used for spinning, twisting and doubling operations.
Figure 5, is a further modification of my improvements in which the pulley P, of
the flyer rotates upon the neck bearing, of the bracket Q. The flyer is in this case
supported by the inner small ring of ferrule p, which is screwed upon the central
tubular portion pl, of the pulley or Hyer head, the ferrule p, resting and rotating upon
the flange, of the bracket portion.
Figure 6, sheet J, shews à modification of my improvements in which the flyer
with its driving pulley, is supported on the neck bearing of the bracket by the
employment of a ring or ferrule s, which is screwed into the central aperture of the
lower portion of the bracket t; the lower part of the said ring or ferrule is formed

page_text: with a collar or flanges, against which the underside of the pulley, bears and the
screwed attachment thereof enables the bearing to be adjusted from time to time as
required.
Figure 7, shews a modification of my improvements in which the pulley U, rotates
upon an inner bearing surface of the bearing neck e, which in this case is formed
separate from the bracket W, screwed within an aperture in the bracket W the
support of the flyer and pulley is effected by means of the short tubular portion ",
which is screwed into the central aperture of the pulley, and its flange u¹, bears upon
the top of the hearing piece .
Figure S, shews a modification of my improvements in which the pulley ., of the
flyer rotates upon the outer surface of the bearing y, which as in the preceding modi-
fication is screwed within an aperture in the bracket W, the pulley being supported
by the central screwed ring or ferrule y¹, in a similar manner to that described with
reference to Figure 6. In this modification as well as in the arrangement shewn in
Figure 6, the supporting ring is preferably of brass, and as shewn in Figure 8, the
said ring portion forms a part of the hearing y, and is preferably shaped to follow the
lines of the trumpet-shaped mouth shewn in the drawing. In this Figure is also
shown a steel rings, which is supported immediately beneath the central opening of
the flyer head by the arms, which are fixed to the underside of the flyer. The yarn
being passed through the said ring, the whole twist takes place above this point. This
arrangement is particularly useful when dealing with tender material.
:
At Figure 9, I have shewn another modification that is to say a friction clutch
arrangement whereby my improved flyer may be driven. This consists of the clutch
piece A, the lower part of which is formed into a grooved driving pulley B2, and the
upper part with a groove C, into which the ring of a clutch fork passes. The hollow
interior of the cluich A, is fitted with a spiral or volute spring D², which surrounds
the neck of the flyer and the upper part of which bears against the ring E2, whilst its
lower part bears against the bottom of the L-shaped ring fitted inside the clutch
pulley A. From this arrangement it will be obvious that when the clutch is raised
into the position shown on the drawings by the hand being applied to an ordinary
clutch fork (not shewn being well understood) the under surface of the church
pulley A, is lifted out of contact with the upper surface of the flyer G³, and the
clutch therefore revolves loosely round the neck of the flyer, whilst the flyer remains
stationary. So soon however as the cluich fork or handle is released by the with-
drawal of the pressure of the hand, or other pressure applied to it, the under surface
of the clutch is by the re-action of the volute spring D², forced down upon and into
comact with the upper friction surface of the flyer G, and the flyer G, is then imme-
diately rotated. The upper surface of the flyer G, is preferably provided with a
layer of leather, cloth or other suitable frictional material."
At Figure 10, there is shewn a vertical section of a modification of my improve-
ments, wherein the driving pulley of the flyer marked A, is provided with an
enlargement B, above it. This enlargement. B, constitutes a smooth rotating surface
which, when the hand of the attendant is applied thereto by pressing upon it the
leather glove protecting the hand of the attendant stops the rotation of the flyer. The
flyer is attached to the under part of the neck of the pulley A, and enlargement B,
which passes down through the bearing ferrule or collar C, screwed into the rail X1,
as shewn at Figure 10.
At Figure 11, is shewn in vertical section the manner of carrying my improvements
into practice when a flat bell is used for driving the flyer and wherein the driving
pulley of the flyer may be kept in continuous rotation irrespective of whether the
Hyer is rotated or not. In this arrangement the driving pulley A, is formed in one
piece with a tubular downwards projecting neck B. The lower part of this tubular
neck B, is formed conical as shewn at Figure 11, and its upper part is formed with an
annular opening C, for receiving the volute spring D. The neck piece E, to which
the flyer F, is attached is also formed conical as shewn, so that the two conical parts
of B, and E, are held together frictionally by virtue of the reaction of the volute
spring C, which is compressed vertically between the bottom of the annular groove C,

page_text: and the flange G, on the upper part of the tube H. When the conical parts of B,
and E, are ins pressed together into frictional contact by the reaction of the spring D,
the rotation of the pulley A, simultaneously causes the rotation of the flyer F. When
it is desired to stop the rotation of the flyer the gloved hand of the attendant is applied
in the enlargement 1, at the top of the arrangement, and the pressure of the hand
downwards compresses the spring D, and at the same time separates or breaks contact
of the frictional conical surfaces of the parts B and E. so that the rotation of the
flyer F, is stopped whilst the rotation of the driving pulley A, continues. On releasing
the pressure of the hand from the part I, the conical parts of B. and E. are again
immediately forced into contact by the reaction of the compressed spring D, and the
flyer F, is simultaneously put into revolution.
At Figure 12. I have shewn a slightly modified arrangement for connecting and
disconnecting the driving pulley from the flyer by the making or breaking frictional
contact of the conical driving surfaces. In this case the volute spring D, is placed
lower down than in Figure 11, and conical surfaces D, and E, respectively of a greater
or flatter angle than the corresponding surfaces shown at Figure 11, are used. In
this arrangement. the flyer E, is stopped by the pressure of the gloved hand on the
enlargement I, as hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 11, and it starts
into rotation upon the release of the hand pressure therefrom.
Should sliver or yarn accumulate around the upper parts of the bearing, it is only
necessary to remove the flyer E, from the bearing when the bearing and its con-
nections can be lifted out from the ferrule B, and cleaned.
When it is necessary to separate the enlargement I, and the portions which carry
the flyer F, for the purpose of cleaning or removing dirt which may accumulate
amongst or in the moving parts shewn at Figures 11, and 12, it is only necessary to
unscrew the pari. I, by means of the screws X, shewn in Figures 11, and 12, when the
parts come asunder and are entirely removed from the hearing pieces B. in which
they are carried in the rails K. In both Figures 11, and 12, a thin iron guard J,
is shewn this being provided for the purpose of preventing as much as possible dust
or sliver from getting into the parts of the mechanism connected with the driving
of the flyer and it is to be understood that corresponding guards for the same
purpose may be placed around the driving arrangements in the other Figures of the
drawings hereunto annexed.
It is to be understood that whilst in some of the drawings hereto appended the
flyers are shewn with solid or spinning legs and in others with hollow or roving
legs, yet all the driving arrangements equally apply to either spinning or roving
flyers.
It will be observed that in all the arrangements herein before described and shewn
upon the annexed drawings, the flyers have no bottom bearing and are in no way
connected to the spindles and that the bearings are in all cases above the flyers.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In frames for spinning, doubling, twisting or roving jute, flax, hemp, cotton,
worsted and other fibrous substances the combination of parts constituting the
arrangement and construction of bracket A, and flyer head or pulley C, the parts
being kept together by the flanged ring B, screwed into the neck portion a', with a
fixed spindle or bobbin pin substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore
described and shewn in Figures 1, 1", and 1b, of the accompanying drawings.
2. The combination constituting the arrangement and construction of bracket. H,
and flyer head or pulley G, the parts being held together by the screwed ring g', with
a fixed spindle or bobbin pin substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore
described and shewn in Figures 2, and 2, of the accompanying drawings.
3. The combination constituting the arrangement and construction of bracket. K,
and flyer head or pulley J, the parts being held together by the ring i, with a fixed

page_text: spindle or hobbin pin substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described and
shewn in Figures 3, and 3, of the accompanying drawings.
4. The combination constituting the arrangement and construction of bracket M,
and flyer head or neck 1, operated by gearing, the parts being held together as shown
and with a fixed spindle or bobbin pin substantially as and for the purposes herein-
before described and shown in Figure 4, of the accompanying drawings.
5. The combination constituting the arrangement and construction of bracket Q,
and flyer head or pulley P, the paris being held together by the ring p, as shown
with a fixed spindle or bobbin pin substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore
described and shewn in Figure 5, of the accompanying drawings.
6. The combination constituting the arrangement and construction of bracket t,
and flyer head or pulley r; the parts being held together by the central piece S,
as shown with the fixed spindle or bobbin pin substantially as and for the purposes
bereinbefore described and shown in Figure 6, of the accompanying drawings.
7. The combination constituting the arrangement and construction of bracket W,
and flyer head or pulley U, the parts being held together as shewn with a fixed spindle or
bobbin pin substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described and shewn in
Figure 7, of the accompanying drawings.
S. The combination constituting the arrangement and construction of bracket W',
and flyer head or pulley, the parts being held together as shewn with a fixed spindle
or bobbin pin substantially as hereinbefore described and shewn in Figure 8, of the
accompanying drawings.
9. The ring, in combination with the flyers hereinbefore described and shewn
with more particular reference to Figure 8, of the accompanying drawings operating
in conjunction with fixed bobbin pegs.
10. The arrangement and construction of rotating flyers shewn at Figure 10, and
operating in conjunction with fixed bobbin pegs wherein the flyer is stopped by
the pressure of the hand upon the enlarged portions B, of the flyer head as herein-
before described and shewn at Figure 10, of the annexed drawings.
11. The arrangement and construction of flyers operating in conjunction with
fixed bobbin pegs wherein the driving surfaces are held in frictional contact whilst
the flyer is being driven and are moved out of frictional contact when the reaction of
the flyer has stopped substantially as hereinbefore described and shewn at Figures,
11 and 12 of the annexed drawings.
Dated this 12th day of December 1887.
ST. JOHN V. DAY,
115, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow,
Applicant's Agent.