matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING APPARATUS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Looker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
September 1875.
I, BENJAMIN LOOKER, of Kingston-on-Thames, Brick and Tilo
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING APPARATUS," to be as follows:―.
This heating apparatus although not limited in its application as
hereafter described, is however more particularly designed and adapted
for heating rooms and other places, where regular stove arrangements
arc undesirable or inadmissible. Further, it admits of being so
constructed as to be free from all the evils attending heating from a hot
iron surface, economising the heat so as to give out the whole useful
effect.
The apparatus consists of a basc or stand of- circular or other suitable
form which has a central opening; upon this a dome-shaped section or
inverted cup piece is placed, which has a corresponding opening
through it, so made that the material surrounding the opening fits into

page_text: but does not close the same, and the dome-shaped section or cup piece.
has perforations in it. Any suitable number of these domes or sectional
pieces can be fitted above to any convenient and desirable extent, care
_being_taken that these perforations shall not be directly over one
another. When gas is the source of heat, a ring burner should be
placed on the base between it and the first dome or sectional piece.
The fuel or source of heat in other cases may be placed according to
convenience. It is preferable to have the base and the dome-shaped
sections or inverted cup pieces made of fire-clay and to have perforations
in the base, so that fresh air may be drawn into the central opening in a
similar way to that described in my Letters Patent, dated May 5th
A.D. 1874, No. 1585. The action is this:-The heat acts upon the
body of the sections and passes up from one to another of them through
the perforations; and also the arrangement of the sectional pieces as
described causes the heated air to be thrown or deflected downwards;
fresh heated air also passes up through the central opening, whereby a
large heat collecting and heat giving surface is obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN WOVEN FABRICS ELYSIANS, WITneys,' 'Beavers,' AND OTHER WOVEN FABRICS KNOWN AS $ 6 OP A SIMILAR CHARACTER
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Walter Scott Berry and John Samuel Jackson
both of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN WOVEN FABRICS
ELYSIANS, WITneys,' 'Beavers,' AND OTHER WOVEN FABRICS
KNOWN AS
$ 6
OP A SIMILAR CHARACTER."
Sealed the 9th December 1875, and dated the 12th October 1875.
and on samuel Jackson at the
Patents, with their Petition, on the 12th October 1875.
We, WALTER SCOTT BERRY and JOHN SAMUEL JACKSON, both of
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN
WOVEN FABRICS KNOWN AS ELYSIANS,' 'WITNEYS,' 'BEAVERS,' AND OTHER
WOVEN FABRICS OF A SIMILAR CHARACTER," to be as follows:-
s
The object of this Invention is to produce from cotton alone woven
fabrics in close imitation of Elysians, Witneys, Beavers, Petershams,

page_text: Friezes, Meltons, Venetians, Twills, Pilots, Astracans, and other woollen
cloths of a similar character.
Our improvements in the manufacture of such woven fabrics are
effected as follows:-For the warp we take a strong double yarn, we
size this warp in a sizing or dressing frame in order to give it a sufficient
strength and consistency for weaving.
For the weft instead of the ordinary spun and undressed thread we
take a soft unspun roving as delivered from the roving frame, and much
thicker than the warp, and we size this soft unspun weft to give it the
tenacity and strength required. With this warp and weft thus peculiarly
prepared in the grey or unbleached state we weave a plain or twilled
cloth in any ordinary power loom, using, as before mentioned, a double
warp. We then, by means of cards, raise a long pile on both sides of
this cloth, raising a longer pile on the face than upon the back, after
which we wash and scour the cloth to remove the size and other
extraneous matters. We then dye the cloth the required color, omitting
the milling or fulling process used for woollen cloths, after which the
nap or pile is again raised and finished according to the particular style
or quality of cloth to be produced.
By this improved process of manufacture we are enabled to produce
from cotton only woven goods of the above-mentioned classes in close
imitation of those made from wool, and at very greatly reduced
cost.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING AND CONDENSING LIQUIDS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Budge at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd April
1875. A communication from abroad by Francis Miralles, of
Chili, South America.
I, ROBERT BUDGE, of Valparaiso, in the Republic of Chili, South
America, at present residing at Harley Street, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING AND CONDENSING LIQUIDS, AND IN APPARATUS
THEREFOR," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to effect the heating and condensing of
liquids with a great economy of fuel.
The Invention consists in first forming steam in a boiler of the
ordinary construction, a Cornish one for example, and in leading the
steam thus formed into another boiler constructed in a peculiar manner.
This boiler is formed with an outer chamber and an inner one com-
municating with each other, and having a narrow space between the
inner sides of the one and the outer sides of the other, forming a channel.
Into this channel the steam formed in the first boiler is led, and

page_text: circulating through it heats the water contained in the second boiler,
while becoming condensed itself. The condensed steam is then led from
the channel by a pipe into any convenient receptacle. The water in the
second boiler becoming thus heated form steam, which is led in a
similar manner into a third boiler constructed like the second, and
passing through the channel in the third boiler heats the water contained
therein, and escapes condensed as from the second boiler. The steam
from the third boiler is led into a fourth, and so on into as many boilers
as the pressure of the steam in the first boiler will enable the water con-
tained in the subsequent boilers to be effectually heated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND TWISTING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William James Martin and
John Ashley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 26th May 1875.
We, WILLIAM JAMES MARTIN, of Bradford, in the County of York,
Clerk, and JOHN ASHLEY, of Bradford aforesaid, Spinner, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND TWISTING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows, that is to say :—
-
Our Invention relates to constructing caps, tubes, and flyers for
spinning from toughened glass. For this purpose we cast or make the
caps, tubes, and flyers of glass, and submit them afterwards to a process
of toughening so as to render them hard and prevent them from
breaking; also preventing the caps from indenting or otherwise being
damaged in the process of "doffing" or removal from the spindles ;
préventing the frequent breakage of the yarn, and doing away with the
corrosion or formation of rust caused by moisture on the iron or steel
caps, tubes, and flyers, thus reducing considerably the cost of manu-
facture, and producing more yarn of a better quality.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRACE FITTINGS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Halladay at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
December 1875.
I, HENRY HALLADAY, of No. 30, Burbury Street, Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRACE FITTINGS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in brace fittings has reference more
especially to an improvement of the back part of brace fittings, whereby
the great durability of the brace is secured with greater freedom of
action.
up
My Invention consists of the combination of a metal ring or loop
with a piece of metal, through the upper part of which a longitudinal
slot is pierced, the lower part ending in a band of metal turned in
the form of a small ring, through which is inserted the ring or loop. To
this ring or loop is attached the leather tabs or other ends of the brace
for buttoning or otherwise fastening to the trousers.

page_text: The top part of the slotted piece of metal is intended to be fastened to
the back part of the brace by means of a piece of leather or other
material passed through the slot, and sewn or otherwise] joined to the
brace at the junction where the two parts of the brace meet that come
each from the shoulder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLE BRUSHING APPARATUS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas William Wilson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th April 1875
I, THOMAS WILLIAM WILSON, of the Firm of Wilson & Co., Grocers
and Wine Merchants, of Woodbridge, in the County of Suffolk, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BOTTLE BRUSHING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
My said Invention relates to improvements in brushers and apparatus
connected therewith for cleansing the interior of wine and other bottles,
and more especially the bottom of the same, and is designed to afford
the means whereby this operation may be performed in a more per-
fect, expeditious, and economical manner than has heretofore been
practicable.
The said brushers must be caused to rotate within the bottles, and are
more especially designed to be used with the machines described in tho
Specification of my former Letters Patent dated 8th February A.D.,
1875, No 474, or with any other suitable machine or apparatus, although
they may in some cases be operated by hand.

page_text: I provide means for injecting water or other cleansing liquid into the
bottle while the brusher is rotating. When the stem or rod is hollow or
tubular the same when connected with a pump or ejector, a head of
water will form a convenient means for conducting it into the bottle.
I prefer for this purpose to fit over the said tube an outer sliding tube
which covers the neck of the bottle being cleaned, and which is pressed
forward by the said spiral spring. The inner tube has a small pin or
stud which projects through a longitudinal slot in the outer tube. The
said outer tube is connected with the valve or cock which regulates the
flow of the liquid. When this outer tube meets the shoulder of the
bottle the said shoulder forces it back and allows the jaws to distend, at
the same time opening the said valve or cock and admitting the liquid
into the bottle. When the bottle is withdrawn the jaws and valvo are
closed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Shaw Lewis and Auguste
Copić at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 17th September 1875.
We, SAMUEL SHAW LEWIS, of Boston, Massachusetts, United States
of America, now of No. 8, Southampton Buildings, London, and
AUGUSTE COPIE, of Bolsover Street, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP," to be as follows:-
Our said Invention relates to the manufacture of what is termed oil
soap, and consists in combining with the same soluble glass or silicate of
soda or silicate of potash to increase the detergent or cleansing properties
of the soap, and a farinaceous material which effects the union of the
substances and binds or incorporates them intimately together.
By this Invention we can produce soap which possesses superior
detergent properties while free from any substances which will rot or
otherwise injure any material subjected to its action, and it is very
cheaply manufactured.

page_text: In practicing our Invention we first take potato flour, wheat flour,
rice flour, dextrine, or other suitable farinaceous substance, and combine
therewith a viscous solution of soluble glass, or solution of silicate of
soda or silicate of potash in the proportion of about one part of flour to
ten or twelve parts of the silicate.
The soap is manufactured with oleic acid by the usual boiling_process_
with the addition of a small quantity of resin, say, about one part of
resin to ten parts of the soap. When this process is finished and while
the soap remains hot and in a fit condition for pouring into the cooling
frames we add to it the aforesaid compound of the silicate and farinaceous
substance in the proportion of about one part by weight of the said
compound to three parts of soap, more or less. These materials are
thoroughly incorporated or mixed by crutching or stirring, and then
the whole is poured into the said frames and allowed to cool and
solidify.
.
For household or laundry purposes we use by preference a soap made
of oleic acid mixed with common tallow or animal grease and resin, and
proceed in a manner similar to that above described; if deemed necessary
we add a certain proportion of French chalk to give firmness to this
soap.
In practicing our Invention we profer that the viscous solution of
soluble glass or solution of silicate of soda should have a specific gravity
of 1700° of Twaddles' gauge.
AN IMPROVED COMBINED BLOTTING PAD, PAPER WEIGHT, AND WRITING CASE
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION, left by Arthur Charles Henderson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st August 1875.-A communication from abroad by Alexandre
Louis Joseph Legrand, Banker, of the City of Paris, in the Republic
of France.
I, ARTHUR CHARLES HENDERSON, of No. 6, Southampton Buildings,
Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COMBINED BLOTTING
PAD, PAPER WEIGHT, AND WRITING CASE," a communication to me from
abroad by Alexandre Louis Joseph. Legrand, Banker, of the City of
Paris, in the Republic of France, to be as follows:
:
The improved pad is constructed in the following manner :-Having
cut the sheets of blotting paper of the size desired they are placed on a
sheet of very thin paper, sufficiently large to cover the sheets on three
sides as high as the thickness of the pad and a little over the plain
surface, the three sides of this sheet of paper are glued and bent over
the pad; this operation is repeated with a thicker and second sheet of
paper covering the first and advancing a little on the uncovered part of

page_text: the pad, a third sheet is then placed over them, and the back fixed by a
sufficiently prolonged pressure on the glued surface.
The back which is made of wood or other substance is provided with a
slide for the reception of a dovetail piece fixed to the back of the pad;
by this arrangement the pad can be removed and a fresh one supplied, t
the back is furnished with one or more compartments for containing the
writing materials. The pad is thus formed of two parts united by a
dovetail joint, one part forming the back, the other the pad.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING CARRIAGES AND BOATS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward James Farrics at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th October 1875.
I, EDWARD JAMES FARRIES, of College Hill, in the City of London,
Accountant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING CARRIAGES AND BOATS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to propel carriages and boats by means
of a combination of cranks and toothed gearing assisted by a fly wheel,
and actuated by a treadle motion with the assistance (when required) of
manual power imparted by means of a winch handle. Supposing, for
example, that the Invention be required to propel a carriage on land,
the framework of the carriage is mounted on running wheels which are
keyed fast on an axle; a toothed pinion is fixed at one part of this axle
and is driven by a large toothed wheel which gears into it, and is
mounted on a crank shaft which is actuated by treadles; on the other
end of the running wheel axle is keyed a large toothed wheel, which
when required is driven by a pinion on the crank shaft.
This pinion is
capable of being moved laterally on its shaft so that it can be thrown in
or out of gear with the large wheel, as may be required. In bearings

page_text: on standards fixed on the top of the frame of the carriage is mounted a
short shaft provided with a winch handle and carrying a fly wheel, and
a second pinion which gears into the large toothed wheel on the crank
shaft.
When it is desired to start the carriage this object is effected by
turning the winch handle, and thus (by means of its pinion) com-
municating motion to the large toothed wheel on the crank shaft.
When the carriage is once started, the forward motion can be casily
maintained by the treadles working the cranks so long as the carriage is
on level ground or going down a slight declivity; but to ascend hills the
power of the treadles and cranks is not found sufficient to keep up the
quick motion produced by the large toothed wheel driving the small
pinion on the axle of the running wheels, therefore when going up hill
the driver will throw the small pinion on the crank shaft into gear with
the large toothed wheel on the axle of the running wheels. The winch
handle may also be used to assist in propelling the carriage under such
circumstances; by this means a steep hill may be ascended without
difficulty, but at a slower speed.
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR COUPLING RAILWAY CARRIAGES TO PREVENT EITHER OF THEM FROM LEAVING THE RAILS IN CASE OF ACCIDENT
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bath at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st February,
1875.
'
I, JOHN BATH, of 40%, King William Street, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS
OR APPARATUS FOR COUPLING RAILWAY CARRIAGES TO PREVENT EITHER OF THEM
FROM LEAVING THE RAILS IN CASE OF ACCIDENT," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improved method of coupling or
connecting the carriages of a train together (in addition to the ordinary
couplings or otherwise), so that should an accident occur to the axles or
wheels of either of the intermediate carriages of the train, it will be
supported by the adjoining carriages to which it is connected, and thus
prevented from leaving the line of railway, owing to its want of support
upon either or all of its wheels. For this purpose, in carrying out my
improvements, I connect the ends of each carriage of a train (in addition
to the ordinary couplings or otherwise) by means of chains or ropes, or
rods attached to the upper corners of the ends of each carriage, the
lower ends of such chains or cords or rods being attached by a hook or

page_text: otherwise to the lower corners of the next adjoining carriage, or to the
buffers, or to any points between the upper corners of the carriage and
the lower corners of the next adjoining carriage, or to the sides of the
carriages in the same way when a train is made up. By this means,
should an accident happen to the axles or wheels of a particular carriage
so as to lose its support on the rails, it will become suspended and
supported by the connecting chains, and thus prevented from sinking or
leaving the track until the train is stopped.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRUCKS OR WAGONS FOR CONVEYING MINERALS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Wood at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
March 1875.
I, CHARLES WOOD, of the Tees Iron Works, Middlesbro'-on-Tees, in
the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for “ IMPROVEMENTS IN TRUCKS OR WAGONS FOR CONVEYING MINERALS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the doors of such
mineral trucks as discharge their loads through the bottom of the truck;
also an improvement by which by the application of an ordinary
crowbar the doors can be instantly closed; and an improvement in the
catches by which when the doors are swung shut the doors will fasten
themselves.
In the ordinary class of bottom doors for mineral trucks or wagons,
the door shuts against the flat bottom of the truck, and when opened
will have to swing through 90 degrees. When the doors are large
enough upon this system to admit the minerals freely through, the doors
become so frightfully heavy that it is difficult for the men to close them

page_text: f
again. On my new plan I place the doors at an angle of about
45 degrees, so that when open the doors will have to swing through
about the same space or 45 degrees. The consequence is that in closing
the doors they will have to be moved through a space of only 45 degrees
instead of 90 degrees, and consequently are shut in very much less
time.
I prefer to hang the doors parallel with the rails, in which position
they are easily got at, and by fixing a socket or staple on the back of the
door, into which an ordinary crowbar or other bar or lever can be
inserted, by bearing upon which bar or lever the man can instantly close
the door.
Hooks or catches are placed upon the ends of the frame of the truck,
which drop into their places when the doors are closed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES, BROOMS, Mors, STREET CLEANERS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Barker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
September 1875.
I, ALBERT BARKER, of Turnham Green, in the County of Middlesex,
Silversmith, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
“IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES, BROOMS, Mors, STREET CLEANERS, AND OTHER SIMILAR
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is. to avoid the necessity, of the person or
workman quitting the work or object employed.upon to. dip.or wet the.
brush, broom, mop, or other article by placing it into the receptacle
containing the water, paint, or other liquid or matter being used, thereby
occasioning loss of time on the place, surface, or structure to be cleaned,
scoured, painted, whitewashed, or otherwise operated upon, besides
performing the work in a more effectual manner.
In one mode of carrying out the Invention I form the handle or stick
of the brush, broom, mop, street cleaner, or other similar article (herein-
after, to avoid repetition, called brush only) hollow for its length, or only

page_text: or
for a portion thereof, and I admit a constant supply of water or other
liquid thereto from a cistern or reservoir or other head by means of tubing,
hose, or other equivalent contrivance in connection with a tap, cock,
valve fixed at any convenient part of the handle, such hollow stick or
handle communicating with the stock, brush board, or bed containing
the bristles, tufts, hair, or pliable portion by means of an orifice or
orifices or perforated plate formed therein, so as to permit the escape of
the water or other liquid or fluid on to the space, surface, place, struc-
ture, or thing to be operated upon at the same time as the brush is
manipulated, whether for cleaning or other purpose.
The flow of water or other liquid or fluid is regulated in the stock or
brush board by means of a cock, tap, or valve.
Sometimes I form the stock, brush board, or portion containing the
bristles, tufts, or hair hollow, and I admit a supply of the desired liquid
thereto by the same means as above described.
In another modification the handle or stick, instead of being hollow,
is solid, and I attach a pipe or tube thereto which passos down outside
the handle, and into, against, or over the stock or brush board of the
brush. Such pipe or tube terminates at the lower end in a nozzlo, rose
jet, spreader, or other desired exit at the side or amongst the tufts, and
at the other end or at any convenient part of this tube or pipe I place a
cock, tap, or valve, so as to attach thereto the tubing or hose from tho
fountain head, main supply, or hydrant, and also to regulate the flow.
The apparatus is also applicable to brushes used for house painting,
whitewashing, bill sticking, destroying vermin on trees or elsewhere,
also for hair, tooth, nail, shaving, bath, and horse brushes, also for
cleaning the decks and sides of ships, footpaths, roadways, strects,
stables, carriages, yards, and for all other purposes to which a brush,
broom, mop, scraper, cleaner, or hose may be used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis William Brothers and
Colin Brothers at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 30th June 1875.
We, FRANCIS WILLIAM BROTHERS, Gas Engineer, of Cheltenham,
in the County of Gloucester, and COLIN BROTHERS, Fire-clay Manu-
facturer, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to the construction of the retorts and
mouth-pieces used in the manufacture of gas, and consists in dividing
the retort into two or more longitudinal chambers, the upper one or ones
being of much smaller capacity than the lower one, and serving only as
a conduit for the gas, and to retain it longer in the retort after it is
evolved from the coal or other material. The small chamber extends
from the back part of the mouth-piece to near the back of the interior of
the retort, and is open at both ends. The mouth-piece is furnished with
a flap valve attached to a spindle, which passes through and projects on
the outside of the mouth-piece. The valve has an opening in it corre-

page_text: sponding to the size and shape of the upper and smaller chamber, so
that on turning the spindle the valve is brought to butt against the
upper chamber, and close the way from the retort to the mouth-piece
except through the small chamber or conduit.
The action is as follows:-As soon as the retort is charged with coal
or other gas-making material the lid is applied and fastened home. The
spindle is then turned, and this causes the valve to rise and close the
communication between the distilling chamber and the ascension pipe
except by way of the conduit or small chamber as before described; the
consequence is that much of the gas evolved is compelled to travel over
a large surface of the hot coke, and from thence through the heated
upper chamber, the effect being that the light oils which would other-
wise escape in the form of vapour and become condensable at a sub-
sequent stage, are converted into permanent gas. By the use of these
improvements the distilling power of the retort is increased, and a larger
yield of gas for a given quantity of material is the result.
Advantage may also be taken of the arrangement for inducing a
current of air to pass into the retort, and through the conduit to the
ascension pipe (which should be left open for the purpose) whenever it
becomes necessary to burn off the carbonaceous deposit, which adheres
to the retort.
The retorts may be made of either iron or fire-clay and of any
suitable size or shape.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LUGGAGE LABELS FOR TYING OR FASTENING UPON PARCELS, LUGGAGE, AND GENERAL MERCHANDISE
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Speight at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th July
1875.
I, GEORGE SPEIGHT, of 207, City Road, St Luke's, in the County of
Middlesex, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LUGGAGE LABELS FOR
TYING OR FASTENING UPON PARCELS, LUGGAGE, AND GENERAL MERCHANDISE," to
be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object an improvement in the manufacture
of luggage labels for attatching to packages or general merchandise, and
consists in a novel mode of combining therein linnen or other textile
fabric, parchment, velum, paper, or cardboard, whereby a label possesing
considerably more strength or toughness and effective appeareance may
be produced, also with considerably economy in the cost of production,
as from the great toughness produced by this mode of manufactureing
labels the metal eyellets may be entirely dispensed with, also three-
fourths of the labour saved in their production. For this purpose I form
the foundation of the label by cutting a a sheet of cloth or other textile

page_text: fabric, parchment, velum, paper, or cardboard into suitable lengths, and
I form as a seperate peice therefrom a strip, band, or belt of cloth or
other textile fabrice, parchment, velum, paper, or cardboard; this strip,
band, or belt I cement or unite with paste or other adhesive agents on
one side of the cloth, or other textile fabric, parchment, velum, paper,
or cardboard, leaving a sufficent margin of the former to allow of its
being turned over the corresponding edges of the latter, and thene
pasteing or otherwise attatching the margin of cloth or other textile
fabric, parchment, velum, paper, or cardboard togather, whereby a
smooth folded edge is obtained. By this means a label with considerably
more flexibility and toughness so as to yeild without breaking is
produced
Another mode may be adopted in fixing the strip, band; or belt by
cementing it close to the edge of the former, instead of leaving a margin
to be turned over, but I preffer the former mode, as it produces greater
strength and neatness, or the strip, band, or belt may be dispensed
with for producing a cheaper label by folding over and cementing down
the edge or the top portion of the foundation of cloth or other textile
fabric, parchment, velum, cartridge paper, or cardboard. To form the
label from from the sheets, as here described, I have cutters or dies
made of the required shapes or forms, and with these I cut or stamp
out the labels, or I cut off strips or peices from the above sheets into
suitable lengths and widths, and form the shape of the label with the
ordinary chisel or other known means for cutting purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING THE PILE OF FUSTIANS AND OTHER PILE FABRICS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Burley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
September 1875.
I, JOHN BURLEY, of Halifax, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING THE PILE OF FUSTIANS AND OTHER PILE FABRICS," to
bc as follows:-
This Invention relates to further improvements upon apparatus for
cutting the pile of fustions and other pile fabrics for which Letters
Patent were granted to Joseph Burley, dated 15th November 1852, No.
762, and to George Burley, dated 24th December 1857, No. 3161, and
my present improvements consist,—
Firstly. In carrying the axis forming part of the stop motion from
side to side of the machine, and mounting double arms thereon, which
arms come in contact with the wires used to connect together the
separate lengths of fabric, and are so arranged as to render the stopping
of the machine at the proper time doubly sure.

page_text: Secondly. My improvements consist in balancing the knives so that
they shall only rest upon the fabric with just sufficient force to keep
them in the proper "race" or position, by so doing I dispense with the
liability of the knives to sink or depress the cloth so much when the
machine is stopped, and the consequent liability to penetrate the cloth
when the machine. is started.
Thirdly. My Invention-relates to means for taking up the slack caused
by the "back lash" of the drawing-off-roller, and this I effect by
attaching one end of the cord for producing a drag upon the-cloth to a
weighted lever instead of to a fixed stud as heretofore. When the
machine the rotation of the roller overcomes the lever and weight, and
the latter are prevented from being lifted too high by means of a stud in
the framework; as soon however as the machine stops the weighted
lever begins to fall, and so takes up the "slack” or keeps the piece in a
state of tension.
.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Rowatt, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
March 1875.
I, THOMAS ROWATT, junior, of Edinburgh and London, Lamp Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS," to be as follows:-
This new or improved lamp consists of a reservoir for the oil, having
a tube running through its centre from the bottom to the top. By
means of this tube I get a strong current of air to act on the inside of
the flame of a circular wick fixed on this tube, which wick is enclosed
with a metal cover. Surmounting this wick are fixed on the ordinary
air chamber usual in hydrocarbon lamps two metal domes concentric to
each other, and having circular openings at the top to allow of the exit
of the flame. A series of perforations in the flange joining the two
domes at their bases permit one current of air to ascend between the
domes to the flame, while another current of air rushes up the inside of
the inner dome, these two dome currents meeting with the current
rising through the central air tube from three distinct and separate

page_text: currents of air, which when impinged on the flame by the assistance of,
1st., an ordinary deflector above the flame to guide the central air tube
current; and 2nd., a flange attached to the top rim of the outer dome
to guide the dome currents; and 3rd., a glass globe to shade the flame
from atmospheric disturbance and produce perfect combustion.
Ar IMPROVED ROTATORY MACHINERY FOR EXCAVATING AND CUTTING ROCK AND OTHER MATERIAL
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Paulin Etienne Gay at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on tho
15th January 1875.
I, PAULIN ETIENNE GAY, of Boulevard do Strasbourg, No. 23, at Paris,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Ar
IMPROVED ROTATORY MACHINERY FOR EXCAVATING AND CUTTING ROCK AND OTHER
MATERIAL," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the construction, arrangement, and working
of rotary cutters for executing tunnels, wells, or shafts in rocks, or
cutting rock or stone in quarries, mines, or other workings.
For this purpose I provide a framing with wheels running on rails so
that it can be advanced as the excavation in front of it proceeds. This
framing is clamped in position during the execution of a cut. From the
framing extends forwards a hollow arm or jib mounted on trunnions so
that its projecting end can be swung upwards or downwards in a vertical
plane. At the farther end of this arm is mounted an axis which is
caused to revolve rapidly by a band or chain led along the interior of the

page_text: hollow arm from a large pulley or chain wheel on the axis of the trunnions
to a small pulley or wheel on the axis at the end of the arm. On the latter
axis are fixed two discs one on each side of the arm, and these discs
are made with peripheries of soft metal, and are supplied with water or
oil along with sand, emery, or other grinding material, so that as they
revolve against the face of the rock, while the arm on which they are
mounted is moved upward or downwards, they cut two channels or
chases into the rock, leaving between them a thin slice of rock which can
be broken away.
For certain kinds of rock the discs can be made with cutters either
fixed or jointed to their peripheries, or they may be armed with black
diamonds or other cutting gems. Also in certain cases, as for example,
in cutting calcareous rock, the discs instead of being supplied with water
or oil may be supplied with acid, especially hydrochloric acid, and for
quartz rock they may be supplied with hydrofluoric acid, or with
turpentine, or like reagents.
When the grinding material is supplied to the exterior of the discs
they should be channelled radially on their sides. Sometimes however
I employ discs of turbine kind, that is to say, with channels in their
interior extending from a hollow axis to their circumference, the grinding 2
material being in this case supplied to the interior of the axis, whence it
flows along the interior channels of the discs to their peripheries.
For supplying the exterior of the discs with grinding material I
arrange a travelling band or creeper along the upper edge of the jib.
This is supplied from a trough in the framing by means of an clevator 2
or chain of buckets, conveys the materials to the outer end of the
jib, and there delivers them into a casing which partly encloses the
discs.
In some cases also I dispense with such travelling chain or
oxeenAM
IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Cort at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th December
1875.
I, JAMES CORT, Engineer, of Lower Bland Street, Great Dover Street,
Southwark, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in valves for gas,
steam, water, and other fluids, whereby the said valves are rendered lest
liable to get out of order and more effectual than valves constructed as
heretofore.
The first part of this Invention refers to disc valves, that is to say,
to valves wherein the opening is closed by means of a disc having a
bevelled edge which fits into a seat, into which it is driven by means of
a screw working in a socket cast on the said disc. Instead of boring
out the seat as is usually the case, I prefer leaving the sharp edge round
the opening against which the bevelled edge of the disc will abut. I
fix on the screw socket aforesaid a handle or lever, the object of which
is to move the disc to and fro whilst it is being screwed down, in order.

page_text: to rub away the dirt which may be deposited against the edge of the
opening, and which is the reason why such valves are defective.
The second part of this Invention relates more particularly to valves
for steam, water, and such like fluids, and consists in fixing a cam or
lever on a spindle inside the valve chamber, which on being moved
round lifts up the valve in order to open it, and allows it to fall into its
seat to close it. When this valve is used for steam the spindle is made
to pass through a stuffing box, but when used for water and other
liquids this may be dispensed with.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN STEERING APPARATUS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Howarth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
September 1875.
I, ROBERT HOWARTH, of 2, Colonial Street, Hull, in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STEERING APPARATUS," to be as follows:
-
This Invention has for its object improvements in steering apparatus,
and the improvements relate to the means of controlling steam engines
which actuate the rudder.
The rudder chains pass over a chain wheel which is driven in either
direction by two engines, by preference at right angles, whose connecting
rods both work on the same crank.
The valves are driven from a common eccentric which is carried upon
an inclined slide on the crank shaft. By traversing the slide to and fro
on the shaft the eccentricity of the eccentric can be neutralized and
reversed, thus stopping and reversing the engine.

page_text: The axis of the steering wheel is parallel to the crank axis and has a
screw thread upon it; this screw works in a nut carried in a fixed
standard. When the wheel is turned the screw works into or out of the
nut and so receives an endway motion. The screw-axis-carries-a-fork-
which embraces the inclined slide on the crank shaft. When the wheel 5
is turned the slide is moved from its normal or central position, thus
placing the eccentric in a working position and starting the engine. As
the engine runs it turns the nut in the fixed standards, thus bringing
the eccentric slide back towards its central position. It will thus be
seen that the engine throws itself out of work when the wheel is allowed 1
to remain at rest.
The nut has keyed to it a spur wheel which gears with another spur
wheel on the crank shaft.
In order to prevent injury to the mechanism when the rudder is
struck by a sea, the fork is retained in its place upon the axis of the 1
steering wheel by a spring, which when it yields permits the screw to
move endwise independently of the fork.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLIPPING HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Patrick Adie at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th February
1875.
I, PATRICK ADIE, of Pall Mall, in the County of Middlesex,
Mathematical Instrument Maker, do hereby declare the nature of my
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLIPPING HORSES AND
OTHER ANIMALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for cutting or
clipping the coats of horses and other short haired animals, where the
clipping is effected by means of two plates, the lower one of which has
comb points, the upper one having a number of small cutters, as
described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to me on the
30th day of October 1866, No. 2796, and consists in the application
of a check stud. placed in any convenient position on the plates, the
check stud being fixed rigidly in one plate, and working through a
slot in the other for the purpose of taking off or relieving the strain
caused by the oscillating motion of the one plate on the other from the
studs or screws which hold the two plates in contact when the clipper is
in action.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PACKING HOPS, AND IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Tebbs at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
February 1875.
+
I, JOSEPH TEBBS, of Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PACKING HOPS, AND
IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows:
My Invention consists of certain improvements whereby I dispense
with the large bags now in use for packing hops, and employ metallic
cases or canvass bags of much smaller dimensions for containing the
same amount of hops; also by certain means or apparatus I compress
the hops into these receptacles all as hereafter described.
For the above purpose when metallic cases are employed I make
them either cylinderical or of any convenient shape and of suitable
strength, but by preference, for the sake of conveniently removing the
hops from the interior after being compressed therein, I make them
taper, that is to say, wider at the top than at the bottom. These cases
are provided with air-tight lids; the bottom of the cases are arranged
when preferred so that they can be removed.

page_text: When small canvass bags are employed they may be of a similar
construction to those now in use; also any other suitable woven or
fibrous material may be used instead of canvass.
For the purpose of compressing the hops into these cases or bags I
employ a press as hereafter described.
On suitable foundation plate or framework I mount a table, on which
is placed by preference a box or outer casing, in which the hop cases or
bags are placed. This box or outer casing is to take the strain during
the pressing operation.
When metallic cases are employed they may be made sufficiently
strong to dispense with the box or outer casing on the table. On the
framework or foundation plate are fixed uprights, to which is attached
a spout or conductor; through this hops are forced into the cases or
bags by means of a ram actuated by hydraulic or other equivalent
means. By such means the required compression is imparted to the
hops. After being compressed sufficiently the air-tight lid is placed on
the case and secured thereto by suitable means.
The bags are filled in a similar manner to the metallic cases, but by
preference are sewn up after being filled and pressed.
By the above described arrangement a great saving of time is produced
in the packing of hops; they are also rendered more convenient for
storage, and the air being compressed therefrom by the herein-before
described means the hops are preserved for a much longer period than
when packed in the ordinary way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COFFINS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Pelham Warren at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 13th August 1875.
I, FREDERIC Pelham Warren, of Southsea, in the County of Hants,
Captain in the Royal Navy, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COFFINS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention of “ Improvements in the Manufacture of Coffins" is
designed to enable bodies to be buried on the principle of what is now
known as the "earth to earth" system. In other words the body
instead of being kept isolated from the earth is brought into contact
with it almost immediately after burial.
It is known that "toughened glass," that is, glass that has been
dipped while hot into a heated oleaginous bath possesses the peculiar
property when broken of becoming disintegrated and reduced to atoms.
Now my Invention consists in constructing coffins of toughened glass,
in such manner as to render this peculiarity available in effecting the
interment of dead bodies on the "earth to earth" system. For this

page_text: purpose I form the coffin and its lid with projections or parts designed
to admit of being readily fractured by the application of a cord, chain,
or other means of concussion, so that by the fracture thereby produced
the coffin and its lid shall be disintegrated.
When producing the fracture by means of a cord, the said cord may
be passed through an eye formed in a projecting part of the lid, and
through another eye formed in a projecting part of the body of the coffin,
a suitable knob or projection being carried by the cord below the
projection of the body of the coffin, so that by jerking or pulling the
upper end of the cord the projections of the coffin and its lid shall be
broken.
Coffins of toughened glass according to my Invention may be con-
structed in various forms, and may be arranged to allow of the escape of
gases gencrated by the body in the coffin before interment.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR GOFFERING, CRIMPING, OR FLUTING
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th January 1875.-A communication from abroad by Arthur
H. Lowerre and Theodore M. Tucker, both of Newark, New Jersey,
United States of America.
I, JOHN HENRY Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR GOFFERING,
CRIMPING, OR FLUTING," a communication to me from abroad by Arthur
H. Lowerro and Theodoro M. Tucker, both of Newark, New Jersey,
United States of America, to be as follows:
This Invention relates to machinery or apparatus to bo employed for
goffering, crimping, or fluting trimmings and other fabrics and articles,
and it consists of an improved arrangement and combination of the
parts, whereby great simplicity of construction is obtained and increased
facility is afforded for adjusting the pressure upon the rollers and for the
insortion of tho fabric or article to be operated upon.

page_text: bears a scrow, carried by an arm or bracket formed or fitted on the
longitudinal bar firstly herein-before referred to, in such a manner, that
by the act of turning the screw by hand, the spring is elevated or
depressed, and the pressure on the rollers regulated accordingly.