IMPROVE- MENTS IN ELECTRO-MAGNETIC MOTORS
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Augustus Alexander Cunningham and
Thomas Philip Christopher Cunningham, of Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Electricians, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ELECTRO-MAGNETIC MOTORS."
Scaled the 13th December 1872, and dated the 12th September 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Augustus
Alexander Cunningham and Thomas Philip Christopher Cunning-
ham at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 12th September 1872.
We, GEORGE AUGUSTUS ALEXANDER CUNNINGHAM and THOMAS
PHILIP CHRISTOPHER CUNNINGHAM, of Liverpool, in the County of.
Lancaster, Electricians, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-MAGNETIC MOTORS," to be as follows:-
:-
Our Invention relates to electro-magnetic motors of any usual or
desired form in which the armatures with their carrying arms and shaft
are caused to rotate by the force of the magnets, and consists :-First,

page_text: of a novel construction of magnet; and second, in so disposing the
armatures and magnets with relation to each other that continuous
motion is obtained whilst transmitting practically uniform power.
Under the first part of our Invention a magnet is constructed or built
up of a series of primary and secondary metal bars or wires insulated
from each other and insulated together.
Under the second part of our Invention we dispose the armatures on
a series of radial arms whose terminations are not in the same line, and
place the magnets in a line or lines, or we dispose the magnets at a
distance from each other in rings, and construct the armatures on spokes 1
terminating in lines..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Augustus Alexander Cunningham and
Thomas Philip Christopher Cunningham in the Great Seal. Patent
Office on the 11th March 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, GEORGE
AUGUSTUS ALEXANDER CUNNINGHAM and THOMAS PHILIP CHRISTOPHER
CUNNINGHAM, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Electricians,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said George Augustus Alexander Cunning-
ham and Thomas Philip Christopher Cunningham, Her special licence
that we, the said George Augustus Alexander Cunningham and Thomas
Philip Christopher Cunningham, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said George Augustus Alexander
Cunningham and Thomas Philip Christopher Cunningham, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel

page_text: Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-
MAGNETIC MOTORS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
George Augustus Alex'. Cunningham and Thomas Philip Christopher
Cunningham, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our, or their, or one of our or their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said George Augustus Alexander
Cunningham and Thomas Philip Christopher Cunningham, do hereby
declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Sheet of illustrative Drawings and to the figures and letters marked
thereon, that is to say :-
Our Invention relates to electro-magnetic motors of any usual or
desired form in which the armatures with their carrying arms and shaft
are caused to rotate by the force of the magnets, and consists, first,
of a novel construction of magnets; and second, in so disposing the
armatures and magnets with relation to each other that continuous
motion is obtained whilst transmitting practically uniform power.
Under the first part of our Invention a magnet is constructed or built
up of a series of primary and secondary metal bars or wires insulated
from each other and insulated together.
Under the second part of our Invention we dispose the armatures on
a series of radial arms whose terminations are not in the same line, and
place the magnets in a line or lines, or we dispose the magnets at a
distance from each other in rings, and construct the armatures on spokes
terminating in lines.
Fig. 1 is a view partly in section and partly in elevation showing the
method of constructing our improved combined primary and secondary
wires, as also the method of connecting the said wire between two

page_text: electro-magnets. a, primary wire; b, secondary wire laid parallel to a,
and insulated therefrom by the tape c made of any suitable insulating
material; the combination wire a, b, c, is wrapped round and held
together by the insulating material d.
Fig. 2 is a side elevation, one set of magnets being removed; and
Fig. 3 an end view partly in section and partly in elevation of an im-
proved electro-magnetic motor constructed in accordance with our
Invention, the armatures-and electro-magnets being arranged so as to
transmit practically uniform power. In both views like letters denote.
the same parts. 1, framework; 2, armatures cast in one piece with the
boss 3 and secured on the shaft 4; in this example the armatures 2ª are
set slightly in advance of the armatures 2, and the armatures 2b are
equally in advance of the armatures 2; 5, star wheel secured to and
revolving with 4 (shown on an enlarged scale in Fig. 4); said wheel in
its revolution causes the springs 6 to make and break contact with the
insulated studs 7, from each of which a wire is led to one of the sets of
electro-magnets 6. The frame carrying the insulated studs 7 is loose on
the shaft 4, and can be moved by the handle 7ª so as to stop or reverse
the action of the electro-magnets on the armatures, and hence stop. or
reverse the machine. In this example a set of electro-magnets consists
of four cores of soft iron, each coiled with wires arranged and insulated
in accordance with the first part of our Invention. We prefer that the
electro-magnets in these sets of four should be coiled, two left handed
and two right handed, so as to form a double horse-shoe magnet.
As stated above, one end of the wire coiled round each set of electro-
magnets is secured to one of the studs 7 in connection with a galvanic
battery through the wire 11; the other ends are all connected together
and led away by the wire 12 to the opposite pole of the battery;
13, screw propeller shaft, driven from 4 by the pulleys and chain 14.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention and particu-
larized the same in such manner that others will be enabled to carry our
improvements into effect, we claim,―
First. Constructing electro-magnets with primary and secondary metal
bars or wires insulated from each other and insulated together substan-
tially as set forth and illustrated.

page_text: And Second. Disposing the armatures or electro-magnets in the manner
described for the purpose of obtaining continuous motion and trans-
mitting uniform power when the electro-magnets are constructed in
accordance with the said first part of our Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Augustus Alexander
Cunningham, have hereunto set my hand and seal, the Eighth
day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-three.
GEORGE AUGUSTUS ALEXANDER CUNNINGHAM. (L.S.)
0 In the presence of Witness,
G. E. TAUNTON,
York Buildings,
Liverpool.