IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas De Vall, of Leominster, in the County
of Hereford, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS, PARTLY
APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES."
caled the 29th October 1875, and dated the 26th August 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas De Vall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th August 1875.
I, THOMAS DE VALL, of Leominster, in the County of Hereford, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVÈMENTS IN
CHURNS, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, first, to improvements in the arrangement and
construction of churns, whereby the temperature of the milk or cream
can be readily regulated so as to facilitate the process of making butter.
For this purpose, according to my improvements, the axis on which the
dashers or beaters are mounted is formed hollow for the reception of hot
or cold water, ice, or freezing mixtures, in order to raise or lower the
temperature of the milk or cream, as may be required, to a suitable

page_text: temperature, or to about 62 degrees Fahrenheit. This hollow axis is
supported within the churn by means of the cover or a cross-piece-so-as
not to rest on the, bottom of the vessel, and is caused to rotate by means
of suitable toothed gear carried by a frame attached to the cover of the
churn. The axis of the driving pinion has a spiral spring thereon,
which presses a sliding collar on to the cover of the churn and upon
part of the frame which carries the horizontal axis and toothed gear, so
as to hold the rotating apparatus and hollow axis firmly in position.
Other mechanical means may be employed for actuating the hollow axis
if desired.
:
The beaters or dashers are slid or mounted upon the hollow axis so as
to be capable of adjustment thereon to suit the quantity of milk or
cream contained in the churn. Fan blades are mounted upon the upper
end of the hollow axis within the churn, so arranged at an angle as to
drive the air into the milk or cream under treatment.
The hollow axis and beaters or dashers are so arranged as to be readily
removed or detached from the body of the churn in order to facilitate
the cleaning of the several parts, and the axis is advantageously formed
either angular or with deep grooves or corrugations.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas De Vall in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 26th February 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
DE VALL, of Leominster, in the County of Hereford, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Thomas De Vall, Her special
license that I, the said Thomas De Vall, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas De Vall, my executors,

page_text: administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CHURNS, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO, OTHER PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Thomas De Vall, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office', within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas De Vall, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention relates, first, to improvements in the arrangement and
construction of churns, whereby the temperature of the milk or cream
can be readily regulated so as to facilitate the process of making
butter.
And in order that my Invention may be clearly understood, and
readily carried into practice, I will proceed to describe the Drawings
a churn constructed in accordance with my Invention; Figure 3 being a
perspective view, with one side of the case removed in order to show the
interior arrangement.
Figure 4 shows a plan, and Figure 5 a side view of the beaters or
dashers on a larger scale.
According to my improvements the lower part a¹ of the vertical
rotating axis a, on which the dashers or beaters bare mounted, is formed
hollow for the reception of hot or cold water, ice, or freezing mixtures, .
in order to raise or lower the temperature of the milk or cream, as.

page_text: may be required, to a suitable temperature, or to about 62 degrees
Fahrenheit. The vertical hollow axis a is supported-within-the-churn
by means of the cover c (or it may be a cross piece or bars) so as not to
rest on the bottom of the vessel or churn d, and the hollow axis a, a¹, is
caused to rotate by means of the bevil wheel and pinion f, f¹, carried by
the frame e³ attached to part of the cover c of the churn. The axis a,
on the top of which the driving pinion f¹ is mounted, has a spiral
spring thereon, which presses the grooved sliding collar a² on to and
over a semicircular collar e* formed upon the plate or frame e² attached
to the cover c of the churn, which plate also carries the horizontal
axis e', winch handle, and toothed wheel f, and thus holds the rotating
apparatus and hollow axis a firmly in position. The loose sliding
collar a when in position is returned by the spring f upon the semi-
circular collar ex, and thus holds the parts securely together. a³ is a
funnel by which the hollow axis a' is filled with hot or cold fluid. A
suitable thermometer is employed for ascertaining and regulating the
temperature. Other mechanical means may be employed for actuating
the hollow axis a, a', if desired.
The beaters or dashers are slid or mounted upon the hollow axis' a¹
so as to be capable of adjustment thereon, to suit the quantity of milk
or cream contained in the churn. a is a sliding stop to retain the
beaters or dashers from coming off the hollow axis a¹ when placed at
their lowest position thereon. Fan blades are mounted upon the
upper end of the hollow axis a¹ within the churn, so arranged at an
angle as to drive the air into the milk or cream under treatment.
The vertical and partly hollow axis a, a¹, and beaters or dashers bare
so arranged as to be readily removed or detached from the body of the
churn in order to facilitate the cleaning of the several parts, and the
hollow part a' of the axis a is advantageously formed, either angular or
with deep grooves or corrugations, as shown, or otherwise. h, h, are
butterfly bolts for fixing the cover c on the churn, and i is a plug for
admitting air when required.
The rotating hollow axis a, beaters b, and fan g may also be employed
for cooling or refrigerating other fluids.
Having thus described the nature and object of my Invention, and
the manner of performing or carrying the same into practice, I would
have it understood that I do not confine myself to the exact details

page_text: herein described so long as the novel character of my Invention is
retained, but what I claim is,―
First. The improved arrangement and construction of churns with a
hollow axis for containing hot or cold water, ice, or freezing mixtures
for regulating the temperature of the milk or cream in which it rotates,
substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein-before described
and shown in the Drawing annexed.
Secondly. I claim the improved arrangement and construction of the
adjustable beaters or dashers 6 and fan blades g in combination with the
hollow axis a¹, arranged to act substantially in the manner herein-before
described and represented in the Drawings annexed.
Thirdly. I claim the improved arrangement and combination of the
parts employed in the construction of churns, substantially in the manner
and for the purposes herein-before described in the Drawings hereunto
annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas De Vall, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
six.