IMPROVEMENTS IN INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES CONTAINING AERATED AND FERMENTED LIQUIDS נו
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Ballard of the town and county of the town of
Nottinghain for an invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL
STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES CONTAINING AERATED AND FERMENTED LIQUIDS
נו
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Ballard at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st April 1882.
JOHN BALLARD, of the town and county of the town of Nottingham.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES CONTAINING
AERATED AND FERMENTED LIQUIDS."
"
My improvements consist of several modifications of stoppers.
The first is a stud stopper, inade of china, glass, or other suitable material, having
a greater density than water, the stud is grooved to receive a washer of india-
rubber, and is also perforated throughout, the upper part of the perforation, being
smaller than below, and the lower part of the perforation is partly stopped by a
wood ferrule, between this ferrule and the upper contracted part a small spherical
piece of india-rubber is free to move. A bottle provided with a stopper so con-
structed, upon being filled with acrated liquid and inverted, is effectually stopped
by the washer first named, and the india-rubber sphere.
The second modification of stopper is the same as the first except that an india-
rubber disk is substituted for the sphere.
The third consists of a perforated stud stopper and rubber washer, the contracted
upper part of the perforation being stopped by a plug and rubber washer forced
outwards by a galvanized or silvered metal spring, helically coiled, part of the
coils increasing in diameter so as to secure itself in the widest part of the
perforation.
The fourth consists of a perforated stud stopper, and washer like the third
described, except that the plug carrying the rubber washer is kept in the perforation
by a wood ferrule, instead of by a spring.

page_text: The fifth consists of a bobbin, having portion of the stem flattened out, and
forming two projections or wings, which effectually prevents a rubber washer
placed upon it froin rising when in use, and when pressed inwards allows the gas
to escape.
The sixth is the same as the fifth except that the stem of the bobbin gradually
contracts in diameter towards the outer end.
The whole of the above described stoppers if made of wood or other light material
are weighted with block tin, the whole of the above are for bottles holding aerated
liquids.
The seventh is for bottles containing fermented liquids and consists of a tapered
glass stopper having studs or projections on the sides, which when placed in the
bottle neck can be pressed under hooks or clips cast on the neck of the bottle, the
interior of the neck being provided with a cork ferrule.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Ballard in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th October
1882.
JOHN BALLARD, of the town and County of the town of Nottingham.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES CONTAINING
AERATED AND FERMENTED LIQUIDS"
My improvements consist of several modifications of stoppers. The first is a
stud stopper made of china, glass or other suitable material having a greater
density than water, the stud is grooved to receive a washer of india-rubber, and is
also perforated throughout, the upper part of the perforation being smaller than
below, and the lower part of the perforation is partly stopped by a wood ferrule,
between this ferrule and the upper contracted part, a small spherical piece of india-
rubber is free to move; a bottle provided with a stopper so constructed upon being
filled with aerated liquid and inverted is effectually stopped by the washer first
named and the indin-rubber sphere.
The second modification of stopper is the same as the first, except that an india-
rubber disc is substituted for the sphero
The third consists of a perforated stud stopper, and rubber washer, the contracted
upper part of the perforation being stopped, by a plug and rubber washer, forced
outwards by a galvanized or silvered metal spring, helically coiled, part of the
coils increasing in diameter so as to secure itself in the widest part of the
perforation.
The fourth consists of a perforated stud stopper and washer, like the third
described except that the plug carrying the rubber washer is kept in the perforation,
by a wood ferrule instead of by a spring.
The fifth consists of a bobbin having portion of the stem, flattened out, and
forming two projections or wings, which effectually prevents a rubber washer
placed upon it, from rising when in use, and when pressed inwards allows the gas
to escape.
The sixth is the same as the fifth, except that the stem of the bobbin gradually
contracts in diameter towards the outer end.
The whole of the above described stoppers if inade of wood, or other light
material, are weighted with block tin, the whole of the above are for bottles
holding aerated liquids.
The seventh is for bottles containing fermented liquids and consists of a tapered
glass stopper, having studs or projections, on the sides, which when placed in the
bottle neck, can be pressed under hooks or clips cast on the neck of the bottle,
the interior of the neck being provided with a cork ferrule.

page_text: be made of china, glass, or other suitablo material having a greater density than
water, and is grooved to receive a washer B of india-rubber, the stud is also per-
forated throughout, the upper part of the perforation being smaller than below,
the lower part of the perforation is partly closed by a wood ferrule C, between
this ferrule and the upper contracted part, a small spherical piece of india-rubber D
is free to move.
A bottle provided with a stopper so constructed upon being filled with aerated
liquid and inverted, is effectually stopped by the washer first named, and the india-
rubber sphere. To unstop, the bottle it is merely necessary to press the bent spring Ę
downwards, with the fore finger, thereby allowing the pent up gas to escape, and
the stopper will instantly drop to the bottom of the bottle.
The second modification of stopper is the same as the first, except that an india-
rubber disc D is substituted for the sphere, such stopper is shewn in section at
Figure 2A.
The third modification shewn at Figures 3 and 4, consists of a perforated stud,
stopper A, and rubber washer B, the contracted part of the perforation being closed
by a plug C carrying a rubber washer D forced outwards by a galvanized or silvered
metal spring E, helically coiled, and having part of the coils, increasing in diameter
so as to secure itself-in-the-widest part of the perforated chamber. Upon the plug C
being pressed upon as before described-the-rubber washer D will be lowered-so-
that its upper surface will clear the underside of the chamber at the bottom of tho
stopper, which will instantly drop to the bottom of the bottle.
The fourth modification shewn at Figures 5 and 6, consists of a perforated stud
_ stopper A, carrying an india-rubber washer B and a plug C, provided with a
rubber washer D which may be held on-the-plug-by-a-wood ferrule as shewn in
the sectional view Figure 6, or the ferrule and plug may be in one piece as shewn
at Figure 4 lying within the chambered lower portion of the perforated-stud.
The fifth modification shewn at Figures 7 and 8 consists of a stud stopper,
having either portion of the stem flattened out and forming two projections or
wings as shewn by the dotted lines at A. Figure 7, or it may be of a circular form,
having a groove all round, either of which effectually prevents a rubber washer B
placed upon it from rising when in use, the washer is perforatod vertically in one
or more places as shewn at B', each perforation being to the right or left of the
outer ends of a T-shaped perforation B in the lower end of the stud when employed
in stoppering a bottle. The perforations B are covered and closed by the rubber
washer, and when required to be unstopped, the stopper is turned slightly to the
right or left, until one or other of the perforations in the rubber washer is placed
over one of the outer ends of the perforation B², thus affording a free passage for
the escape of the confined gas, and allowing the stopper to drop to the bottom of
the bottle.
The sixth modification consists of a stud stopper A, of similar form to the last
described, provided with a rubber washer B, without the perforation B¹, but the
stud has a V shaped perforation joined at the bottom to an horizontal perfora-
tion B, the ends of which are closed by the lower side of the washer, when
stoppering a bottle, to unstop the bottle when pressure is applied to the top of the
stopper, the confined gas escapes through the unclosed ends of the horizontal
perforation in the direction indicated by the arrows, and out above the rubber
washer and the stopper falls.
The whole of the above described stoppers if made of wood or other light material
are weighted with block tin at their upper end.
The seventh modification of external stoppers for bottles containing fermented
liquids; consists of three varieties
The first variety consists of a tapered stopper A of glass, or other suitable
material shewn in side view at Figure 11, and an end view at Figure 12, the
stopper has projecting studs B, above the tapered portion, the inner ends of the
studs when pressed through slots B', formed in the outer edge of the bottle
neck, may be turned partly round so as to catch under the outer edge, and securely

page_text: hold the stopper in position, firmly stoppering the bottle, and upon turning the
stopper the reverse way, the bottle can be readily unstopped. The interior of the
neck of the bottle is lined with a ferrule B of cork or other suitable material, a
plan of the neck of the bottle is shown at Figure 13
The second variety shewn in position in the neck of a bottle at Figuro 14,
consists of a tapered stopper A, provided with a rubber or other washer B, and
having the lower portion C of the stopper forming projections an end view of such
projection being shewn at Figure 15, the projections upon being passed through the
elongated opening of the bottle neck as shewn in plan at Figuro 16, upon being
turned slightly round to the right, each projection will slip under, and be tightly
held by the tapered interior projections, D, formed in the bottle neck shewn in
section at Figure 14, and in side view at Figure 17. a right to left movement of
the stopper enabling it to be withdrawn.
A third variety of external stoppers is shewn in side view at Figure 18, in
position in a bottle neck shewn in section when stoppering the bottle, and consists
of a tapered stopper A, provided with a rubber or other washer B. above which
studs C project, one such stud is shewn endways at Figure 19, these studs as the
bottle is stoppered pass through recesses C' formed in the inner projecting lip of
the bottle neck, which is shewn in plan at Figuro 20, upon the stopper boing turned
either to the right or left, the studs C, pass under the inner lip of the bottle, and
securely hold the stopper in position, a reverse movement of the stopper instantly
releasing it.
In Witness whereof I the said John Ballard have herounto set my hand and
seal this Tenth day of October in the year of our Lord one thousand eight
hundred and night t
Witness,
H. W GOUGH C.E.
Nottingham.
JOHN BALLARD (L.S.)