APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE SPEED OF A MOTOR DRIVING DYNAMO MACHINES
Year: 1885

page_text: I, THORSTEN NORDENFELT of 53 Parliament Street in the City of Westminster,
Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "APPARATUS
FOR REGULATING THE SPEED OF A MOTOR DRIVING DYNAMO MACHINES " a com-
munication to me from abroad by Oscar Frekrik Jönsson of Stockholm Sweden
Engineer to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the production of an automatic regulation of the
speed of the motor of the dynamo machine so that this speed increases or decreases
when variations occur in the force of the current in such a manner that the
electric. apparatus introduced in the circuit may receive the requisite quantity
of electricity.
The apparatus employed for this purpose consists of two parts, the first part is
placed near the motor of the dynamo machine, it indicates by means of signals any
change in the current, and further by means of the second part, which is termed
the regulator, increases or diminishes accordingly the amount of steam supplied to
the motor.
By these means an approximately constant current is maintained in the circuit..
The first part or indicator consists of a box containing a solenoid-at-the bottom
of this solenoid is a stationary adjustable iron core and at the top a moveable one
provided with a flange embraced by the fork shaped ends of a pair of bell crank
levers. The iron core is suspended by an adjustable spring. The longer ends of
the levers play between contact pieces. The box also contains an electro magnet
with a polarized armature pivotting on a pin behind the magnet and attracted to
one or other side as the current passes in one or other direction through the coils
of the magnet-springs tend to keep the armature in a middle position between.
the poles of the electro magnet. The armature is prolonged with an arm on the
extremity of which is a toothed segment gearing with a pinion attached to a
standing shaft. This shaft has at the top a signal disc the sides of which are
painted different colors.

page_text: The solenoid is introduced in derivation into the main circuit from a dynamo
machine so that the current acts upon the apparatus in the following manner.
Suppose the dynamo machine to be at work and the lamps introduced into the
circuits to be shining with full power-should other lamps be introduced the
resistance in the main circuit is lessened and so also the potential difference
between the pole screws of the solenoid. The spring will consequently get the
mastery, and pull the core a little out of the solenoid causing the bell crank levers
to come into contact with their respective outer contact pieces-thus another
derived circuit of great resistance is closed and one part of the current will pass
through the electro-magnet. The armature will then be drawn to one side causing
the signal disc to be turned exposing one side to view. At the same time a ringing
apparatus will sound and call the Engineer's attention or automatically in the
manner hereinafter described increase the steam supply to the motor until the
electro motive power in the main circuit has increased so far that the potential
difference at the pole screws of the solenoid has become normal.
The attractive force of the solenoid will now have again increased sufficiently to
draw the core and the bell crank levers into their original positions.
The magnetism of the electro-magnet will now cease and the polarized armature
will resume its middle position the edge only of the signal disc will be visible, the
ringing apparatus will cease to sound. If on the contrary, some of the lamps are
disconnected from the circuit, the reverse takes place that is to say, diminishing
the number of lamps will increase the potential difference at the pole screws of the
solenoid increasing the attractive power of the latter which will cause the core to
be further drawn in.
A derived current will now pass through the electro magnet and sounding
apparatus and regulator, (if this has been introduced) in the opposite direction
owing to the bell crank levers coming into contact with the inner contact pieces.
The signal disc will be turned in the opposite direction and show its reverse face
and the sounding apparatus calls the attention of the engine man to lessen the
supply of steam until equilibrium is effected.
The part of my apparatus above styled "the regulator" is essentially a magneto
electric motor composed of a number of horse shoe magnets kept together by
means of screws and separated by suitable packing pieces. Near the ends of the
magnets are two clips of any non-magnetic matter, one at either side of the
magnets. A shaft passes through the clips. On the shaft is a four armed iron
cross constituting a revolving armature. The arms are T shaped and pass as near
as possible to the magnets in which corresponding hollow parts are formed. The
arms of the iron cross are surrounded by coils wound so that the coils of the
opposite arms are in the same circuit. The wire ends are connected each with its
commutator piece which is semi cylindrical in form and flanged. The commutator
pieces are fixed in blocks of ebonite or other insulating matter on the shaft.
There are thus two commutators one at either side of the revolving armature and
each commutator is connected with its respective diametrically opposite coils of the
armature. Each commutator has two brushes fixed to its respective pole screws
and these are attached two and two on each clip but insulated from them. The
commutator pieces are fixed so that their interspaces are at right angles to one
another whereby the direction of the current is reversed alternately in the one or
the other coil. Two of the pole screws are connected together by a conducting
wire. If a current is transmitted through the apparatus it will first pass through
two coils of wire on the armature thence from one pole screw to another and then
through remaining coils.
When the armature is placed with two diametrically opposite ends next the
permanent magnets the reversal of the current in this part of the armature takes
place and then instead of being attracted as before this part of the armature is now
repelled from the permanent magnets and having made a quarter of a revolution
passes out into a magnetic field where it is attracted. When the half revolution is
complete the reversal of the current again takes place and this part of the armature

page_text: is again repelled and so on. The vertical part of the armature is in its most
effective position because one branch of the magnet tends to repel one end of the
armature and to attract the other while the other branch acts in the contrary
direction on the opposite end of the armature. As the reversal of the direction of
the currents in both parts of the coils of the revolving armature takes place at the
same point, it is obvious that the armature has no dead point that is to say-there
is no point where both parts of the armature are simultaneously out of influence of
the stationary magnets or in other words when a current is transmitted through
the apparatus the armature is caused to revolve whatever be its position. .
'
In order that the apparatus may act upon the steam stop valve of the motor
there is on the shaft a pinion or screw worm gearing with a toothed wheel fixed on
the stop valve spindle. If the apparatus be introduced in the circuit of the
indicator in the manner described a current is conducted through the apparatus
whereby the armature is caused to revolve in the one or the other direction
depending upon the direction of the current. The apparatus then acts in such
a manner that when one face of the signal disc is presented, a current is simul-
taneously transmitted through the regulator which causes the armature to revolve
increasing the supply of steam to the motor and consequently increasing the
potential difference at the pole screws of the dynamo machine to the normal one.
When this has taken place the regulator is disconnected in the manner described
above. If on the contrary some of the lamps are disconnected from the circuit a
current is again transmitted through the regulator but this current will pass in the
opposite direction and the armature will revolve in the opposite direction and thus
diminish the steam supply to the motor, until the bell crank levers of the light
controller have resumed their position of equilibrium.

page_text: Dynamo Machines.
I THORSTEN NORDENFELT of 53 Parliament Street in the City of Westminster
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (a communication
from abroad by Oscar Fredrik Jönsson of Stockholm Sweden Engineer), and in
what manner the same is [to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:—
This Invention relates to the production of an automatic regulation of the
speed of the motor of the dynamo machine so that this speed increases or decreases
when variations occur in the force of the current in such a manner that the
electric apparatus introduced in the circuit may receive the requisite quantity
of electricity.
The apparatus employed for this purpose consists of two parts-the first part is
placed near the motor of the dynamo machine-it indicates by means of signals
any change in the current and further by means of the second part which is termed
the regulator increases or diminishes accordingly the amount of steam supplied to
the motor.
By these means an approximately constant current is maintained in the circuit.
The first part or indicator is represented on the annexed Drawing by Figure 1
which is a front view of the apparatus open and Figure 2 which is a side view.
Figure 3 is a diagram of the circuits of the apparatus.
The apparatus consists of a box the lid and sides of which may be turned
outwards. The bottom A is fixed to the back. On the back is a plate to which a
solenoid B is attached-at the bottom of this solenoid is a stationary adjustable
iron core C and at the top a moveable one D provided with a flange embraced by
the fork shaped ends of the bell crank levers E and F The regulating screws in
these forks have points of ebonite or other insulating matter. The iron core D is
suspended by an adjustable spring G. The longer ends of the levers E and F play
between contact pieces HI and K L which are provided with contact springs.
On the bottom plate A is an electro-magnet M with a polarized armature N
pivoting on a pin behind the magnet and attracted to one or other side as the
current passes in one or other direction through the coils of the magnet―n n are
two springs tending to keep the armature in a middle position between the poles
of the electro magnet M. The armature N is prolonged with an arm on the
extremity of which is a toothed segment gearing with a pinion O attached to a
standing shaft P This shaft has at the top a signal disc the sides of which are
painted different colors-R are pole screws. In the lid or front S of the box is a
hole T opposite the signal disc which is visible through the hole when the box
is closed. On the same front is also a ringing apparatus U.
The solenoid B is introduced in derivation into the main circuit from a dynamo
machine so that the current acts upon the apparatus in the following manner.
Suppose the dynaino machine to be at work and the lamps introduced into the
circuits to be shining with full power should other lamps be introduced the
resistance in the main circuit is lessened and so also the potential difference
between the pole screws of the solenoid B. The spring G will consequently get
the mastery, and pull the core a little out of the solenoid causing the bell crank

page_text: levers E and F to come into contact with their respective outer contact pieces H
and L thus another derived circuit of great resistance is closed and one part of the
current will pass through E H M UL and F. The armature N will then be drawn
to one side causing the signal disc Q to be turned exposing one side to view at the
same time the ringing apparatus U will sound and call the Engineer's attention or
it may bring the second part of the apparatus into operation in the manner
hereinafter described beneath if this has been connected and so it may auto-
matically increase the steam supply to the motor until the electro motive power in
the main circuit has increased so far that the potential difference at the pole screws
of the solenoid B has become normal.
The attractive force of the solenoid will now have again increased sufficiently
to draw the core D and the bell crank levers H and L into their original positions.
The magnetism of the electro magnet M will now cease and the polarized
armature N will resume its middle position the edge only of the signal disc Q will
be visible, the ringing apparatus will cease to sound. If on the contrary, some of
the lamps are disconnected from the circuit, the reverse takes place that is to say,
diminishing the number of lamps will increase the potential difference at the pole
screws of the solenoid B increasing the attractive power of the latter, which will
cause the core D to be further drawn in.
A derived current will now pass through the electro magnet M and sounding
apparatus U and regulator, (if this has been introduced) in the opposite direction
owing to the bell crank levers E and F coming into contact with the inner contact
pieces T and K. The signal disc will be turned in the opposite direction and show
its reverse face and the sounding apparatus calls the attention of the Engine man
to lessen the supply of steam until equilibrium is effected.
The second part of my apparatus above styled "the regulator" may be used in
combination with the first part automatically to increase or decrease the supply of
steam to the motor.
This apparatus is represented in the annexed Drawing where Figure 4 is a
longitudinal section Figure 5 a cross section and Figure 6 a plan.
This apparatus is essentially a magneto electric motor, composed of a number of
horse shoe magnets A kept together by means of screws B. and separated by
suitable packing pieces. Near the ends of the magnets are two clips C of any
non-magnetic matter, one at either side of the magnets, these clips are secured by
screws B. A shaft E passes through the clips and is mounted in bearings D and on
the shaft is a four armed iron cross constituting a revolving armature F The
arms are T shaped and pass as near as possible to the magnets in which corre-
sponding hollow parts are formed. The arms of the iron cross are surrounded by
coils wound so that the coils of the opposite arms are in the same circuit. The
wire ends are connected each with its commutator piece G which is semi cylindrical
in form and flanged. The pieces G are fixed in blocks H of ebonite or other
insulating matter on the shaft E.
There are thus two commutators one at either side of the revolving armature
and each commutator is connected with its respective diametrically opposite coils of
the armature. Each commutator has two brushes fixed to its respective pole
screws IK L and M and these are attached two and. two on each clip C but
insulated from them. The pieces G of the commutators are fixed so that their
interspaces are at right angles to one another whereby the direction of the current
is reversed alternately in the one or the other coil. The pole screws K and L are
connected together by a conducting wire-If a current is transinitted through the
apparatus from the pole screw M it will first pass through two coils of wire on the
armature thence through the pole screws L and K and the remaining coils passing
out at the pole screw I.
The armature being placed as in Figure 4 the horizontal part of the armature
has its ends next the permanent magnets. In this position the reversal of the
current in this part of the armature takes place and then instead of being attracted
as before this part of the armature is now repelled from the permanent magnets

page_text: and having made a quarter of a revolution passes out into a magnetic field where
it is attracted. When the half revolution is complete the reversal of the current
again takes place and this part of the armature is again repelled and so on.
The
vertical part of the armature is in its most effective position because one branch
of the magnet tends to repel one end of the armature and to attract the other
while the other branch acts in the contrary direction on the opposite end of the
armature. As the reversal of the direction of the currents in both parts of the
coils of the revolving armature takes place at the same point, it is obvious that
the armature has no dead point that is to say-there is no point where both parts
of the armature are simultaneously out of influence of the stationary magnets or
other words when a current is transmitted through the apparatus the armature is
caused to revolve whatever be its position.
In order that the apparatus may act upon the steam stop valve of the motor
there is on the shaft E a pinion or screw worm gearing with a toothed wheel fixed
on the stop valve spindle. If. the apparatus be introduced at X in the Figure 3, a
current is conducted in the manner described through the apparatus whereby the
armature is caused to revolve in the one or the other direction depending upon the
direction of the current. The apparatus then acts in such a manner that when
one face of the sigual disc is presented, a current is simultaneously transmitted
through the regulator which causes the armature to revolve increasing the supply
of steain to the motor and consequently increasing the potential difference at the
pole screws of the dynamo machine to the normal one. When this has taken
place the regulator is disconnected in the manner described above. If on the
contrary some of the lamps are disconnected from the circuit, a current is again
transmitted through the regulator, but this current will pass in the opposite
direction, and the armature will revolve in the opposite direction and thus diminish
the steam supply to the motor, until the bell crank levers of the light controller
have resumed their position of equilibrium.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. Apparatus to be employed in automatically or otherwise regulating the speed
of a motor driving or dynamo machine, such apparatus consisting of a solenoid B
traversed by a current generated by the dynamo a core D suspended by a spring G
and operating levers E and F to bring them against contact stops H or I and K or L
whereby electric circuits are closed in which may be placed either an automatic
regulator or electric indicating or sounding apparatus substantially as described.
2. The automatic regulator with its cruciform armature and double commutator
effecting the reversal of the current in each section of the armature twice during
each revolution and in each section when the said section is aligned with the
magnet poles the whole constituting a regulating motor which when a current is
passed through it will start from any position and in a direction dependent on that
of the current substantially as described.
3. Apparatus substantially as described for regulating the speed of a motor
driving dynamo machines.