Improvements in Electric Lamps.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Sept., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 2nd June, 1891--Accepted, 4th Sept., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Electric Lamps.
I, ALEXANDER SCHANSCHIEFF of 5 Appold Street, Finsbury in the City of
London, Electrician, and KUND SANDO of 47 and 48 Broad Street Avenue in the
City of London, Commission Merchant and Agent do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows :-
The carbons of electric lamps emit two sorts of rays, namely, light and heat rays,
the greater part of the latter being lost. The object of this invention is to convert
these into light rays. We do this by placing a refractory material, preferably
unglazed china, close to the carbon In an incandescent lamp this refractory
material is in the form of a thin screen or disc placed on one side of the carbon, or
between the two limbs of the loop so as not to intercept the light thus, if the lamp
is to be placed high up the screen is above the carbon, or, if the lamp is to be
placed against a wall then the screen is between the carbon and the wall.
For are lamps we employ a button or disc of refractory material, preferably
unglazed china, which is introduced between the points of the carbons, in such a
way as to be close to the arc and we attract the arc on to this by means of an
electro-magnet. In some cases, we connect this lise or button to the automatic
devices for regulating distance of the carbons in such manner that when the arc is
broken and the carbons are approached to each other to restart it the disc or button
is withdrawn from between them.
Where softness and regularity of the light rather than intensity is desired we
surround the carbons with a hollow cylinder or globe of thin refractory and
Where continuous
preferably semi-transparent material such as unglazed china.
currents are employed so that one carbon only is consumed, this globe is carried by
the unconsumed carbon, and it is provided with a hole or tube through which the
other carbon may be fed freely.
Dated this 4th day of September 1890.
A. SCHANSCHIEFF.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Electric Lamps.
We, ALEXANDER SCHANSCHIEFF, of 5 Appold Street, Finsbury in the City of
London, Electrician, and KUND SANDO of 47 and 48 Broad Street Avenue in the
City of London, Commission Merchant and Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of our improvement is to increase the light of incandescent and electric
arc lamps, this we do by collecting and transforming into luminous rays the obscure
or caloric rays emitted by the incandescent carbon or the electric arc.
In incandescent lamps we introduce a very thin disc of unglazed china or like
refractory material to close proximity to the filament so that the rays freely
radiating from the filament may impinge upon the disc and heat it until it becomes
luminous. The disc may be arranged vertical and perpendicular to the plane of
the horse-shoc filament.
The disc is as thin as practically possible so as most readily to be heated to
incandescence.
Sometimes these discs are so used as to screen the filament from the eye or to
serve as a reflector according to the position of the observer.

page_text: The disc is supported by a plantinum wire. When the lamps have to hang from
the ceiling we place the china dise horizontally and within the loop of the filament
or inside the filament parallel to it.
In the ease of are lamps we take a very thin dise of china as before and place it
a little behind the are and between the two carbons. Behind the dise we place an
electromagnet through which current flows while the lamp is alight.
The are is attracted towards the dise by the magnet and very soon the dise is
intensely heated and shines brightly.
In the case both of incandescent lamps and of are lamps the light is very sensibly
Figure 1 shews a disc such as we employ together with its stem of platinum wire
The scale is about one half the actual linear dimensions.
Figures 2 and 3 are front and side elevations of the lamp.
a is the glass envelope. are the conducting wires entering the same in the
usual manner but they extend into the enclosure” somewhat further than is common
and they are connected by the glass cross bar e. The carbon filament d is secured
in sockets at the upper ends of the wires h. e is the thin dise of unglazed china
and is the platinum wire stem which carries it. The lower end of this stem is
fixed into the glass cross bar c.
In Figure 4a dise of somewhat larger size is shewn, it is so mounted as to stand
in a plane parallel to the filament and immediately behind it. On one side it serves
as a screen to the filament whilst itself emitting light when viewed from the other
side light conues to the eye direct from the filament together with light emitted and
light reflected by the disc.
:
Figure 3 shews a lamp intended for overhead suspension: the disc is placed
horizontally in the loop of the filament. The disc may be convex or coned on the
under side.
In Figure 6 g g represent the carbons of an are lamp. is a thin dise of china
placed immediately behind their extremities. ¡ is an electro-magnet which draws
the arc towards the disc.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. An incandescent lamp containing a disc of china or like refractory material
in such proximity to the filament that it becomes highly heated and emits luminous
rays.
2. An are lamp in which a disc of china or like refractory material is arranged
in proximity to the carbon terminals and the are is deflected towards the disc by a
magnot in such manner that the dise becomes highly heated and emits luminous
rays.
Tate this 20th day of May 1801
A. SCHANSCHIEFF.
KUND SANDO.