Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Mar., 1886.
Complete Left, 11th Dec., 1886.
Complete Accepted, 1st Mar., 1887.
[Communicated from abroad by Doctor SIGISMUND PICK, of Szczakowa, Galicia, in
the Empire of Austria.]
I THOMAS CAPPER, of Hartford Hill, near Northwich, in the County of Chester,
Auctioneer and Valuer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in apparatus used in the manufacture of
ammonia soda, and it consists in a column or apparatus for distilling ammonical liquor,
having a mechanical agitator and divided into two parts, in one of which parts the
carbonate of ammonia is driven away and in the other the muriate of ammonia decom-
posed by means of milk of lime; also in an improved apparatus for the continuous
saturation of ammoniated brine with carbonic acid on the principle of the apparatus
described in the specification to my Letters Patent No. 7831 A.D. 1885.
The ammonia to be treated in my improved column may be that derived from the
apparatus for continuous saturation of ammoniated brine with carbonic acid hereinafter
described and shown on the drawing annexed, or from any other apparatus used in the
manufacture of ammonia soda.
On the accompanying Sheet of Drawing:
--
Figure 1 represents in elevation my improved apparatus for the continuous saturation
of ammoniated brine with carbonic acid.
Figure 2 being a plan of the same as seen from above and
Figure 3 a vertical transverse section thereof.
Figure 4 being a sectional elevation of my improved column or apparatus for
distilling ammoniacal liquor.
The vessels of the saturation apparatus (Figs. 1, 2, 3) are filled with ammoniated
brine through the pipe A, and the carbonic acid is forced in by a suitable engine
through the pipe B which is connected with each vessel. By means of valves and
cocks the vessels are so arranged that the gas (carbonic acid) passes from one to another

page_text: in such a manner that the fresh carbonic acid comes in contact with the most saturated
liquor and the most exhausted gas passes the fresh ainmoniated brine before being
washed. While say four vessels are working in this way the fifth is emptied and filled
again. For example in the drawing annexed the pipe B (Figs. 1, 2, 3) carries the
gas from the blowing engine into the vessels; there is a set of 5 such vessels; the gas
is first forced into vessel No. 1 and valve 1 is closed so that the gas can only enter
into this vessel. The gas outlet valve 15 connecting the vessel No. I with the
common gas outlet pipe C is closed so that the gas is forced into No. 2 vessel. Valves
3 and 4 being open and 15 and 16 closed the gas passes in the same way to vessels Nos. 3
and 4 and goes from No. 4 through the open valve 18 into a washing apparatus, where
the ammonia contained in the excess gas is retained. While Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4 are
working in such way, No. 5 is emptied and filled again. When the saturation in No. 1
is finished No. 1 vessel is shut off, valves 2 and 3 being closed and No. 1 valve being
opened. On No. 4.vessel valve 18 is closed, 12, 13 and 19 are opened so that the gas
passes No. 5 and goes through No. 19 into the washing apparatus; vessel No. I is
emptied and filled again, and so on.
For a better distribution of the carbonic acid and effecting a better contact of it
with the liquor, several perforated plates D are fixed in the saturators; the holes in the
perforated plates are preferably. of a conical form in order to allow the bi-carbonate
to drop.
After the saturation with carbonic acid and the separation from the precipitated
bicarbonate of sodium, as above set forth the liquor is introduced into the apparatus
shown Fig. 4 for the purpose of regenerating the ammonia.
The liquor enters this apparatus by the pipe C and drops from one section to the
other falling upon rounded plates H, and being dispersed by them passes by the pipe I
to the vessel B, meeting by the way the steam and ammonia therefrom. In the top
section of this vessel B the liquor meets the milk of lime, which is forced in through
the pipe D, and is mixed with it by the agitator K fastened on the vertical shaft L
within the vessel B. On this shaft L there is, in each section, a fixed cap M which
covers the pipe N carrying the steam from the lower section; it serves for compelling
the steam to pass through the liquor, and also contains beneath it an agitator to keep
the place between the cap and gas pipe clean. The liquor drops through overflow
pipes E in the lower sections; the steam enters the lowest section through the pipe F;
the waste liquor leaves it through the pipe G.
The advantages of this vessel are:-smaller quantity of liquor in each section,
consequently a distillation under a lower pressure; better mixture of lime and liquor
and consequently a saving of lime and steam; no cleaning of the vessel, as the agitator
does not allow the lime or its impurities to settle.

page_text: I, THOMAS CAPPER of Hartford Hill near Northwich in the County of Chester,
Auctioneer and Valuer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus used in the manufacture of
ammonia soda and it consists in a Column or apparatus for distilling ammoniacal liquid
having a mechanical agitator and divided into two parts, in one of which parts the
Carbonate of ammonia is driven away and in the other the muriate of ammonia
decomposed by means of milk of lime; also in an improved apparatus for the continuous
saturation of ammoniated brine with carbonic acid on the principle of the apparatus
described in the specification to my letters Patent No. 7831 A.D. 1885 but with a
more simple and therefore handier arrangement of the Gas Pipes.
The liquor containing ammoniacal salts to be treated in my improved column may
be that derived from the apparatus for continuous saturation of ammoniated brine with
carbonic acid hereinafter described and shown on the drawing annexed, or from any
other apparatus used in the manufacture of ammonia soda.
On the accompanying sheet of Drawing.
Figure 1 represents in elevation my improved apparatus for the continuous
saturation of ammoniated brine with carbonic acid.
Figure 2 being a plan of the same as seen from above, and
Figure 3 a vertical transverse section thereof.
Figure 4 being a sectional elevation of my improved column or apparatus for
distilling ammoniacal liquor.
The vessels of the saturation apparatus (Figs. 1. 2. 3) are filled with ammoniated
brine through the pipe A, (see Figs. 1 and 3) and the carbonic acid is forced in by a
suitable Engine through the pipe B which is connected with each vessel. By means
of valves and cocks the vessels are so arranged that the Gas (carbonic acid) passes
from one to another in such a manner that the fresh carbonic acid comes in contact
with the most saturated liquor and the most exhausted gas passes the fresh ammoniated
brine before being washed. Always three vessels are working in this way, the fourth
is filling with fresh ammoniated brine, the fifth is emptied. For example in the
drawing annexed the pipe B (Figs. 1. 2. 3) carries the gas from the blowing Engine
into the vessels; the gas is first forced into vessel No. 1 and valve 1 is closed so that the
gas can only enter into this vessel. The gas outlet valve 15 connecting the vessel No. 1

page_text: with the common gas outlet pipe C is closed so that the gas is forced into No. 2 vessel.
Valves 3 and 4 being open and 15 and 16 closed the gas passes in the same way
to vessel No. 3 and goes through the open outlet valve 17 into a washing apparatus,
where the ammonia contained in the excess gas is retained. While Nos. 1. 2 and 3 are
working in such a way, No. 4 is filled with fresh ammoniated brine and No. 5 is
emptied. When the saturation in No. 1 is finished No. 1 vessel is shut off, valves
2 and 3 being closed and No. 1 valve being opened. On No. 3 vessel valve 17 is
closed, valves 9 and 10 as well as 18 are opened through which the excess gas passes
into the washing apparatus; vessel No. 5 is filled, No. 1 is emptied.
When vessels Nos. 4, 5, and 1 are working, the gas passes from 5 to 1 through
the valve 14. Assuming vessels 5, 1 and 2 working, the gas from the Engine passes
through the open valves 1, 5, 8, 11, 13 into No. 5, valves 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12 being
closed; from No. 5 it goes through the open valve 14 into No. 1, and from No. 1
through the open valve 14 a into No. 2. The excess gas leaves through the outlet
valve 16.
For a better distribution of the Carbonic acid and effecting a better contact of it
with the liquor, several perforated plates D are fixed in the saturators; the holes in
the perforated plates are preferably of a conical form in order to allow the bicarbonate
to drop.
After the saturation with carbonic acid and the separation from the precipitated
bicarbonate of sodium, as above set forth, the liquor is introduced into the apparatus
shown Fig. 4 for the purpose of regenerating the ammonia.
The liquor enters this apparatus by the pipe C and drops from one section to the
other falling upon rounded plates H, and being dispersed by them passes by the pipe
I to the vessel B, meeting by the way the steam and ammonia therefrom. In the top
section of this vessel B the liquor meets the milk of lime, which is forced in through
the pipe D, and is mixed with it by the agitator K fastened on the vertical shaft L
within the vessel B. On this shaft L there is, in each section, a fixed cap M which
covers the pipe N carrying the steam from the lower section; it serves for compelling
the steam to pass through the liquor, and also contains beneath it an agitator to keep
the place between the cap and gas pipe clean. The liquor drops through overflow
pipes E in the lower sections; the steam enters the lowest section through the pipe F,
the waste liquor leaves it through the pipe G.
The advantages of this vessel are:-smaller quantity of liquor in each section,
consequently a distillation under a lower pressure; better mixture of lime and liquor,
and consequently a saving of lime and steam; no cleaning of the vessel, as the agitator
does not allow the lime or its impurities to settle.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. In the manufacture of ammoniated soda, an apparatus or column for distilling
the muriate of ammonia, having a mechanical agitator and constructed combined and
arranged to operate substantially as herein described and illustrated Fig. 4 of tho
accompanying drawing.
2. The apparatus for the continuous saturation of ammoniated brine with Carbonic
acid substantially as described and shown Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the drawing.