A Method and Machine for Writing in Cipher.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Nov., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 11th Sept., 1900-Accepted, 10th Nov., 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A Method and Machine for Writing in Cipher.
I, GEORGE WILSON DUDLEY, Box 6, Staunton, Virginia, the United States
of America, Civil and Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
My invention is a method and machine for writing in cipher.
In my method while employ the broad principle of transposition whereby
the letter a for example, or any given letter is represented by some other
letter, this representative letter changes according to a fixed and predetermined
rule so that at times the letter a will be represented for instance, by the
letter x, at other times by the letter y and again by the letter z. My method
is one of automatic and variable yet predetermined selection whereby any
letter of the regular alphabet may be represented at different periods of the
writing by different letters, sometimes by one and sometimes by another accord-
ing to the cipher key used.
In carrying out my method I automatically vary the relation between the
type characters and the key characters, at predetermined intervals so that for
example, in one part of the message the letter a will be represented by the
letter x, in another part by the letter y and in the third part by the letter z.
One way of carrying my method into effect is to employ a plurality of
alphabets, say four in number. These alphabets have their letters similarly
arranged as to sequence or relative positions. In other words these alphabet's
are alike in all respects.
The machine, with these alphabets arranged on the type carrier, is arranged
to automatically bring these alphabets into position for printing in a certain
order and for predetermined periods of use. As these alphabets hear different
relations to the printing point or key characters it will be seen that when the
a key is struck the type carrier will cause to be printed sometimes x, some-
times and sometimes z, according to which alphabet is in position for
printing.
The system is capable of almost infinite variation as not only can the alphabets
be positioned relatively to each other to change the characters representing any
given letter, for instance, u, v, w, x, as standing respectively for the letter a
in the several alphabets, but the number of letters successively printed from
any one alphabet may be changed, thus, three from the first, one from the
second, two from the third and five from the fourth.
In my method the spaces between words do not appear as such in the cipher
writing but instead these spaces are filled by letters or characters sometimes by
one leiter or character and at other times by another letter, this being deter-
mined according to the alphabet which may be in use.
I have provided means in my machine whereby spaces may be thrown in
between the letters at the will of the operator so as to make spaces occur in the

page_text: words themselves. I have provided means also for automatically forming
spaces in the words.
This is for the purpose of frustrating any attempts, by unauthorized persons
of translating the message as they can not tell from a group of say four letters,
whether they constitute the whole number in that word or whether a fifth
separated from the group by the space is the final letter of the word.
1 have provided means whereby upon a simple adjustment of the parts these
spaces, whether automatically or arbitrarily produced in the message, are
automatically eliminated in the translation.
For forming the spaces within the words arbitrarily 1 provide a special space
key which is connected with the escapement to make the carriage move one
step, when said key is operated and is connected with means for arresting the
hammer to prevent the printing of a letter when said key is depressed.
For eliminating these arbitrary spaces I provide a paper carriage in which the
paper rolls or paper holding means can be arrested while the carriage and other
parts of the machine perform their ordinary operation. In translating, there-
fore, when a space occurs the operator presses down the special space key. This
having been placed in connection with a locking or arresting mechanism
through the adjustment before referred to causes the escapement and carriage,
and all parts of the machine, to operate in the ordinary way excepting that the
paper rolls or paper holder remains stationary, that is, they do not traverse
with the carriage and in addition to this the printing hammer does not strike.
From this it, results that this key action is ineffective both as regards printing
upon the paper and giving the paper its letter space action.
For making the spaces within the words automatically I provide a special
form of escapement which after say three key actions will jump two spaces instead
of one, thus making a space between the letters of a word and after five more
key actions will again move two spaces to form a spuce within another word or
within the same word.
These automatically produced spaces will recur in a predetermined order
according to the disposition of the teeth on the escapement wheel so that a space
will occur for instance after three, key actions, again after five key actions,
again after two key actions then after four key actions and finally after six key
actions, after which the order will be repeated.
To eliminate these automatically produced spaces the escapement is adjusted
so that the paper carriage will move only one space at each key action.
The type are carried on a wheel in a number of rows which are duplicates of
each other. These rows of type are fixed to rims which are adjustable and are
held after adjustment by a pin which passes through holes in the several rims.
The wheel is completed by upper and lower discs attached to the hub.
The wheel is carried by a hollow shaft rotating in bearings of the frame but
having no longitudinal movement.
The type wheel is rotated by levers which have pins engaging slots or notches
in a disc fixed to and carried by the hollow shaft. This shaft has a forked arm
which is engaged by a right angular arm connected with a sleeve of the type wheel
so that when the hollow shaft is moved either one way or the other the type
wheel sleeve and type wheel will be moved through the fork and arm and this
latter arm depends far enough to allow the sleeve and type wheel to raise and
lower while still maintaining their connection.
The levers for rotating the type wheel are connected to short barrels arranged
about shafts bearing in fixed plates. These barrels have connected therewith
arms or inclined plates. The pivoted key levers have rear vertical arms extend-
ing down directly in front of the inclined plates and when the different keys are
operated the type wheel will be turned more or less to bring the proper
character to the printing point.
The barrels are under the influence of a spring which returns them and the
type wheel after each action.

page_text: The type wheel having been turned the hammer makes the impression by
forcing the paper against the type.
The hammer is provided with a counterweight and is connected by an arm
with a rock shaft journalled in bearings at the upper ends of standards.
The rock shaft may be adjusted longitudinally by the screws to make the
hammer strike accurately upon the type.
The rock shaft is connected through a rod and arm with a rock shaft.
This rock shaft has an arm pivotally connected with a carrier lever of the
escapement detent which latter normally engages the escapement ratchet. This
ratchet is loose on a shaft and the detent carrier is loose on this shaft.
The detent is pivoted to its carrier and is controlled by a slotted arm of a pawl
lever which receives a pin on the detent.
The pawl lever is operated each time a key is depressed by a lever pivoted
on a rod.
The lever is connected with the space frame which extends under the key
levers.
Each time a key lever is depressed therefore, the space frame will be operated
and this through the lever will operate the pawl lever to throw its pawl tooth
into engagement with the escapement ratchet. This same action through the
slotted pawl arm throws the detent out of engagement with the ratchet and
allows a spring to turn the rock shaft forcibly and through the arm and rod
described operate the hammer to make the impression.
The release of the detent, it will be clear from the above, allows the spring
about the rock shaft to operate the hammer. The armi and the detent carrier in
this action are thrown downwardly and the defent engages the next tooth on the
ratchet wheel. Upon the release of the key lever the pawl is withdrawn from
the ratchet teeth and the ratchet is free to turn until it is arrested by the stop-
ping of the upward movement of the detent which remains in engagement with
the ratchet. This is done by a stop which arrests the upward movement of the
detent by limiting the downward movement of the arm before described. This
detent therefore controlls the hammer action and the amount of escapement
movement. The ratchet is connected with a disc by a sleeve and this disc carries
a pawl engaging a ratchet drum which is connected by a sleeve with a pinion
engaging the rack bar of the carriage. The carriage rack engages teeth on a
spring drum which propels the carriage to the left. The pawl and ratchet allow
the carriage to be returned to normal position without affecting the escapement
ratchet. A detent prevents backward movement of the ratchet.
As before stated, the type carrying rings of the type wheel are adjustable
circumferentially in relation to each other so that the cipher key may be changed
at will. Thus for instance, the cipher key B L. II-which is at the radial center
of the wheel may be changed by shifting the rims relatively to each other to
any desired combination of characters and the number of possible combinations
is practically unlimited.
I'
In my machine T employ a plurality of alphabets or sets of characters and in
addition to providing for adjustments which will secure a transposition as
between the key characters and the type of each set 1 provide for a relative
adjustment between the sets of characters or alphabets and also provide for the
automatic shifting of the printing from one line or set of characters to another
or for automatically changing the relation between the type and key characters,
and this shifting goes on at intervals automatically throughout the writing.
For instance, supposing that the parts are so set that when the I key is pressed
the character of the upper alphabet is printed. After a predetermined number
of depressions of the keys the type wheel will automatically shift vertically:
so as to bring the next lower alphabet into the plane of the hammer and then
if the I key is struck the E character will be printed, this character being
immediately below the D character of the upper rim. The printing will then
be done by the second alphabet for a certain interval, at the expiration of which

page_text: the type wheel will be raised another step to bring the third alphabet into play
and keys corresponding to type characters D L F C P M &c., of the upper
alphabet will, when depresses, cause to be printed the characters U OSIRE &c.,
of the third alphabet and when the fourth or lower alphabet is brought opposite
the printing point these same keys will print L'RE HAT &c. From this it
will be seen that when the I key, for instance, is struck it will sometimes print D,
sometimes E; sometimes I and at times 1, so that it will not be possible to
ascertain by computation from the recurrence of the characters which letters
of the ordinary alphabet they stand for..
The characters of the lower alphabet may, if desired, be set to correspond
with the key characters.
I do not wish to limit myself to the type carrier described, consisting of the
series of alphabets on a rotary wheel. My object is to change the relation
between the type and key characters at intervals and automatically.
The shifting of the type wheel vertically may occur at every third stroke of
the keys or at longer or shorter intervals. The intervals may be regular or
irregular.
The shifting is done by a stem or post movable vertically of the hollow type
wheel shaft. The stem rests upon a lever. The lever extends rearwardly.from a
rock shaft operated by a controlling lever which is connected to the arm on the
rock shaft by a link. The lever at its rear end has stepped shoulders in different
planes adapted to be engaged by catches pivoted to the base of the machine and
normally pressed towards the lever by springs. Each catch has a projection in
the path of studs on a wheel or drum 67. The lever also has pins projecting
into line with other studs on said drum. The drum is fixed to a shaft and
operated step by step from the spring drum of the type writer carriage. The
drum, as the carriage moves to the left for letter spacing, operates a gear wheel
having a pawl, engaging a ratchet so that at each stroke of the keys the shaft is
turned. Supposing the type wheel in its lowest position the lifting lever is
then down. As the writing proceeds a stud on the drum, say after three strokes
of the keys, will engage one of the pins on the controlling lever and raise it one
step where it will be held by one of the catches which, when the shoulder on the
lever is presented to it, immediately engages it under the action of its spring.
After another interval of three strokes more or less, of the keys, another stud
on the drum engages a second pin on the lever and lifts it to raise the type
wheel a second step to bring into play another row of characters. After the
lever has thus been lifted step by step and each time held by one of the catches,
it is lowered by other studs on the drum engaging in succession projections on
the catch lever thus releasing the catches from the stepped shoulders of the
lever and allowing the type wheel and other parts to fall by gravity or otherwise.
By my system the spaces between words do not appear as such in the cipher
message but ordinary characters or letters fill up and represent these spaces,
but I do not use the same letter or character to represent the space.
Supposing the vertical line of characters 13 L 1 to be on the radial center
of the wheel and opposite the hammer when the type wheel is at rest it will be
seen that when the space key is struck, it being understood that then the type
wheel does not rotate, the machine will print B L or I according to which
row of characters or alphabets is in the printing plane and these characters will
represent the spaces. The space key does not cause the type wheel to turn but
simply causes the printing of that character which is at that time opposite the
printing point and while the type wheel is at rest.
In order to do this the space key or bar is arranged to operate the escapement
and hammer mechanism without affecting the position of the type wheel. The
space bar or key is supported by arms under tension of a spring. The bent
lever of the space lever is pivoted, and when this lever is depressed it depresses
the space frame, which througli a lever releases the hammer mechanism which
then prints the character normally standing opposite the printing point. Upon

page_text: the release of the space bar or key the escapement ratchet moves one step to
move the carriage one step to the left..
In order to make spaces within the words or at any point in the message at
the will of the operator a special space key is provided, the lever of which is
supported on a pivot. The stem of this key is connected to a lever having a
sleeve turning loosely on its support. This sleeve has an arm extending into the
path of a tail piece of the carrier of the detent before described. The stem of
the special space key has a shoulder to engage the space frame. When this
key is depressed the arm on the sleeve will be raised into the path of the carrier
tail piece and the connections leading to the hammer will thus be arrested by
the fail piece striking the arm. This will prevent the hammer from striking the
paper. The escapement however, performs its usual function as the depression of
the space frame causes the pawl to be thrown into engagement with the ratchet
and the detent released and caused to engage the next tooth and then upon the
release of the special key the escapement ratchet will turn until stopped by the
detent and stop as before described, thus allowing the carriage to move one step
which of course will produce a space between the letters owing to the non action
of the hammer.
The paper carriage comprises a rack bar having uprights secured thereto, near
each end. A rod is supported in these uprights, and supports arms which carry
at their upper ends the journals of the paper roll. These arms carry also a rod
upon which are supported supplemental arms carrying at their upper ends a
paper roll. These arms are pressed forwardly by springs. The arms of the paper
roll frame have vertical extensions. A cross rod connects the upper ends of
these extensions and this, in connection with a second rod held in small sup-
ports connected with the arms serves to guide the paper when being inserted.
The whole paper roll frame is adapted to swing towards and from the type
wheel so that the operator by simply pressing the paper roll frame back can get
a clear view of the printing. In order to control this swinging action. links
are pivoted by a rock shaft to the uprights and to the arms of the paper roll
frame.
The paper roll frame is returned to its forward position by springs.
The paper roll frame is somewhat shorter than the distance between the up-
rights of the paper carriage and this is for the purpose of allowing the paper
roll frame to have a displacement within and in relation to the carriage frame
in a direction longitudinally thereof. That is, it is intended, in translating a
message, that the paper roll frame with the paper be held locked against longi-
tudinal movement whenever the special space key is struck so that the paper
will not be moved past the printing point at those times and thus the space in
the message will be eliminated in the translation. I have provided means
therefor for locking the paper roll frame against movement when the special
space key is struck while at the same time the escapement and carriage move as
do also the pin drum and the automatic connections for changing the vertical
position of the type wheel. In fact at this time all the parts of the machine
perform their function and movements with the exception of the paper roll
frame and the hammer, which latter as before described, is always locked against
action when the space key is depressed.
In order to lock the paper roll frame against longitudinal movement, a toothed
bar is rigidly supported by posts on the base plate. The teeth of this bar lie
just above an arm of a locking dog which is pivoted on a rod by means of its
sleeve. This dog has an arm which normally engages a series of teeth on the rack
bar of the carriage frame and when this arm is in engagement the other arm is
out of engagement with the fixed locking toothed bar and then the paper roll
frame moves with the paper carriage, being locked thereto.
For freeing the paper roll frame from the carriage and locking it in position
against movement the dog is moved upwardly so that first mentioned arm leaves
the teeth on the carage rack bar and the other arm engages the teeth of locking

page_text: bar. This upward movement is given by a rod carried by arms of a rock shaft
journalled in the posts, said rod engaging an opening between the arms of the
locking dog.
The shaft is rocked to effect the locking of the paper roll frame by an upward
movement of a link which is connected to the arm on the rock shaft and at its
lower end it has a slot which receives a pin on an arm which is connected with
the sleeve before described and which is rocked whenever the special space key
is depressed.
When the machine is set for writing the message the depression of the special
space key will make the spaces as described because the paper roll frame remains
locked to the paper carriage owing to the fact that the orm works loosely in the
slot and does not affect the lock.
When the machine is to be used for translating the message however, an arm
pivoted to the link is swung forward so that its lower end will extend across
the slot and then when the special space key is depressed the arm will strike the
end of the arm and the link will rise thus through the rock shaft arms and rod;
shifting the locking dog out of connection with the teeth on the carriage and
into engagement with the teeth of the locking Lar. This locking effect is main-
tained until the escapement operates to move the carriage and allow all the
parts of the machine to operate and remain in proper adjustment excepting only
the hammer which as before stated, is always prevented from striking when the
special space key is operated.
The slot in the link is long enough to allow the arm to fall far enough to effect
the escapement without withdrawing the lock from the fixed bar. Upon the
complete return of the space key and arm the paper roll frame is released from
the fixed bar and again locked to the carriage frame and it will now move with
the carriage frame until the special space key is again depressed to translate or
rather eliminate the space.
In order to automatically return the paper roll frame to its normal position
at the left hand end of the carriage before beginning a new line, I provide a
finger projecting into line with the arms of the paper roll frame so that when
the carriage is returned to the right to begin a new line the finger will strike
the left hand arm of the paper roll frame and the frame will be displaced along
the rod to the left end of the carriage.
In order to lock the machine against further action when the line is printed I
provide a lever adapted to be operated by a suitable part of the machine and
this operates a lever pivoted to the base which in turn throws a stud under a
part of the space frame and this prevents its operation. When the carriage is
returned to the right the pin strikes the pivoted lever and operates the parts to
unlock the machine by shifting the stud into a position where it will not pre-
vent the operation of the space frame.
The upper and lower plates of the type wheel are fixed to the hub and the
rims are adjustable circumferentially between these discs or plates. The hub
fits on a sleeve and is connected to turn therewith by a pin on the sleeve fitting
in a notch in the hub. The sleeve turns with the hollow shaft through the
fork and arm connection before described. For raising and lowering the type
wheel the rod extends up through the hollow shaft and its upper end engages.
a pointed block supported by a pin which extends through slots in the hollow
shaft and is supported in the sleeve.
The automatic spacing mechanism consists in an escapement wheel having
blank spaces at regular intervals between the teeth so that when one of these
spaces comes around to the detent the escapemeni ratchet will move the space
of two teeth and thus a space will be formed. In order to prevent the haminer
from striking too hard when this space arrives at the detent and the detent co-
acts therewith, I have provided a stop pin which will arrest the arm and the
connections leading to the hammer just as the teeth of the ratchet do when no
blank space is under the tooth of the detent. The action of the parts is that the

page_text: pawl is thrown into engagement with one of the teeth and the detent is simul-
taneously thrown out of engagement with another tooth, the detent now Hica
downwardly under the action of the spring but instead of the hammer mechanism
in this instance being limited by the detent striking the next succeeding tooth
of the ratchet the stop acts to limit the movement of the hammer mechanism to
get a proper hammer action. Upon release of the key the pawl is withdrawn
from the ratchet and the ratchet turns carrying the detent up until the stop
before described limits the movement.
In translating, in order to eliminate these spaces the machine is provided with
a second ratchet wheel loose on the ratchet shaft or pivot and this has a full set
of teeth. It has also a locking pin carried by a spring arm pivoted to the face
of the ratchet. When this pin and arm are in one position the one ratchet is
disconnected from the other, but when in another position the pin will then
enter any one of the openings in the ratchet wheel and the toeth of the ratchet
will be opposite or fill up the spaces in the other ratchet, it being understood
that the tooth of the detent is wide enough to cover both ratchets. The machine
will now operate without any automatic spacing.
The special space key is pressed when making the translation each time a
space occurs whether the spaces were formed automatically by the escapement
ratchet device or by pressing the special space key in printing. This is neces-
sary in order to have a key action for each of the letter spaces in the line, other-
wise the movement of the parts will be disordered.
EDWARD EVANS & Co.,
27, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
A and mine for writing in Cipher.
I, GEORGE WILSON DUDLEY, of Box 6, Staunton, Va., United States of America,
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:
--
My invention is a method and machine for writing in cipher.
In my method while I employ the broad principle of transposition whereby
the letter a for example,. or any given letter is represented by some other
letter, this representative letter changes according to a fixed and predetermined
rule so that at times the letter a will be represented for instance, by the
letter x, at other times by the letter y and again by the letter z. My method
is one of automatic and variable yet predetermined selection whereby any
letter of the regular alphabet may be represented at different periods of the
writing by different letters, sometimes by one and sometimes by another accord-
ing to the cipher key used.
In carrying out my method 1 automatically vary the relation between the
type characters and the key characters, at predetermined intervals so that for
example, in one part of the message the letter a will be represented by the
letter x, in another part by the letter y and in the third part by the letter z.
One way of carrying my method into effect is to employ a plurality of
alphabets, say four in number. These alphabets have their letters similarly
arranged as to sequence or relative positions. In other words these alphabets
are alike in all respects.
The machine, with these alphabets arranged on the type carrier, is arranged.

page_text: to automatically bring these alphabets into position for printing in a certain
order and for predetermined periods of use. As these alphabets bear different
relations to the printing point or key characters it will be seen that when the
a key is struck the type carrier will cause to be printed sometimes x, 8some-
times y and sometimes 2, according to which alphabet 18 in position for
printing.
The system is capable of almost infinite variation as not only can the alphabet
be positioned relatively to each other to change the characters representing any
given letter, for instance, u, v, w, x, as standing respectively for the letter a
in the several alphabets, but the number of letters successively printed from
any one alphabet may be changed, thus, three from the first, one from the
second, two from the third and five from the fourth.
In my method the spaces between words do not appear as such in the cipher
writing but instead these spaces are filled by letters or characters sometimes by
one letter or character and at other times by another letter, this being deter-
inined according to the alphabet which may be in use.
I have provided means in my machine whereby spaces may be thrown in
between the letters at the will of the operator so as to make spaces occur in the
words themselves. I have provided means also for automatically forming
spaces in the words.
This is for the purpose of frustrating any attempts by unauthorized persons
of translating the message as they can not tell from a group of say four letters,
whether they constitute the whole number in that word or whether a fifth
separated from the group by the space is the final letter of the word.
I have provided means whereby upon a simple adjustment of the parts these
spaces, whether automatically or arbitrarily produced in the message, are
automatically eliminated in the translation.
For forming the spaces within the words arbitrarily I provide a special space
key which is connected with the escapement to make the carriage move one
step, when said key is operated and is connected with means for arresting the
hammer to prevent the printing of a letter when said key is depressed.
For eliminating these arbitrary spaces 1 provide a paper carriage in which the
paper rolls or paper holding means can be arrested while the carriage and other
parts of the machine perform their ordinary operation. In translating, there-
ior, when a space occurs the operator presses down the special space key. This
having been placed in connection with a locking or arresting mechanism
through the adjustment before referred to causes the escapement and carriage,
and all parts of the machine, to operate in the ordinary way excepting that the
paper rolls or paper holder remains stationary, that is, they do not traverse
with the carriage and in addition to this the printing hammer does not strike.
From this it results that this key action is ineffective both as regards printing
upon the paper and giving the paper its letter space action.
For making the spaces within the words automatically 1 provide a special
form of escapement which after say three key actions will jump two spaces instead
of one, thus making a space between the letters of a word and after five more
key actions will again move two spaces to form a space within another word or
within the same word.
These automatically produced spaces will recur in a predetermined order
according to the disposition of the teeth on the escapement wheel so that a space
will occur for instance after three. key actions, again after five key actions,
again after two key actions then after four key actions and finally after six key
actions, after which the order will be repeated.
To eliminate these automatically produced spaces the escapement is adjusted
EO that the paper carriage will move only one space at each key action.
In the drawing.-
Figure 1 is a plan view of the machine, the ribbon spools and some of the
other parts being omitted.

page_text: Figure 2 is a plan view of a section on line 2-2 of Fig. 3.
Figure 3 is a vertical sectional view on line 3-3 of Figure 2.
Figure 4 is a rear view of the machine.
Figure 5 is a detail side elevation looking from the left of Figures 1 and 2
of the pin drum and connections operated thereby.
Figure 6 is a view on line 6--6 of Figure 5.
Figure 7 is a face view of part of the rows of type.
Figure 8 is a detail sectional view of the type wheel and adjacent parts.
Figure 9 is a sectional view of a detail.
Figures 10 and 11 are views of the means for making spaces in the words
automatically.
Figure 12 is a detail view of a part of the lock for preventing the machine
from working.
The type are carried on a wheel 1 in a number of rows which are duplicates
of each other. These rows of type are fixed to rims 2 forming parts of the
periphery of the wheel, which rims are adjustable in relation to each other
circumferentially of the wheel and when so adjusted they are held in fixed
relation by a pin 3 which passes through holes 4 in the several rims, there being
one hole opposite each character on the wheel. The wheel is completed by
upper and lower dises 5, 6, attached to the hub 7. The type bearing rims are
adjusted circumferentially between these discs and the locking pin 3 passes down
through the holes in the dises and rims.
The wheel is carried by a hollow shaft 9 rotating in bearings 10 of the frame
but having no longitudinal movement.
The type wheel is rotated by the levers 14 which have pins engaging slots or
notches in a disc 15 fixed to and carried by the hollow shaft 9. This shaft has
a forked arm 10 which is engaged by a right angular arm 11 connected with tho
sleeve 12 of the type wheel so that when the hollow shaft 9 is moved either one
way or the other the type wheel sleeve and type wheel will be moved through
the fork 10 and arm 11 and this latter arm depends far enough to allow the
sleeve and type wheel to raise and lower while still maintaining their connection.
The levers 14 are connected to short barrels 16 arranged about shafts 17
bearing in the plates 18. These barrels have connected therewith arms or
plates 19 extending at an angle towards each other and inclining alightly
towards the front. The key levers are pivoted in slotted bearing frames 20
and are of bell crank form their rear vertical arms extending down directly
in front of the inclined plates, and these arms are of different length so that
when the different keys are operated the plates will be moved to different de-
grees and the type wheel will be turned more or less to bring the proper character
to the printing point. The distance of the vertical arm of the bell crank key
lever from the center of rotation of the inclined plate 19 will also determine
the degree of operation of the type wheel.
The shaft 9 has a tail piece 21" which by striking the spring pins 22 depressed
by the key lever will determine accurately the position of the type wheel rela-
tively to the printing point.
The barrels 16 are under the influence of springs 23 which return them after
each action and thus return the type wheel to normal position through the
levers 14 and notched disc 15.
The type wheel having been turned by the depression of a key to present the
proper character to the printing point the hammer makes the impression by forc-
ing the paper against the type.
The hammer 13 is provided with a counter weight 24 and is connected by an
arm 25 with a rock shaft 26 journalled in bearings 27 at the upper ends of the
standards 28.
The rock shaft 26 may be adjusted longitudinally by the screws 20 to make
the hammer strike accurately upon the type.

page_text: The rock shaft is connected through the rod 30 and arm 31 with the rock
shaft 32 journalled in bearings 33 on the base frame.
This rock shaft has an arm 34 at its rear end pivotally connected at 35 with
the carrier lever 36 of the escapement detent 37 which latter is connected to the
carrier lever and normally engages the escapement ratchet 38, Fig. 4. This
ratchet is loose on the shaft 39 and the detent carrier 36 is loose on this shaft.
The detent 37 is pivoted to its carrier and is controlled by a slotted arm 40
of the pawl lever 41 which receives a pin on the detent. The pawl lever is
pivoted to the standard 42 and has a tooth 43' to engage the ratchet teeth.
The pawl lever is operated each time a key is depressed by the lever 43 pivoted
on the rod 44 and engaging with its extreme rear end the end of the pawl
lever.
The lever 43 is connected with the space frame 45 which extends under the
key levers.
Each time a koy lever is depressed therefor, the space frame will be operated
and this through the lever 43 will operate the pawl lever 41 to throw its pawl
tooth 43 into engagement with the escapement ratchet. This same action
through the slotted pawl arm 40 throws the detent 37 out of engagement with
the ratchet and allows a spring 46 to turn the shaft 32 forcibly and through
the arm 31 and rod 30 described operate the hammer to make the impression.
The spring 46 is fixed to the shaft 32 at 47 Figure 2 is coiled about the said
shaft and is fixed at its other end to the sleeve or hollow bracket 48 which sur-
rounds the spring and shaft and is fixed in one of the bearings 33. The release
of the detent 37, it will be clear from the above, allows the spring 46 to
operate the hammer.
The arm 34 and the detent carrier 36 in this action are thrown downwardly
and the detent engages the next tooth on the ratchet wheel. Upon the release
of the key lever the pawl 43' is withdrawn from the ratchet teeth and the
ratchet is free to turn until it is arrested by the stopping of the upward move-
ment of the detent 37 which remains in engagement with the ratchet. This
is done by the stop 49 which arrests the upward movement of the detent by
limiting the downward movement of the arm 31 before described. This detent
therefore controlls the hammer action and the amount of escapement move-
ment. The ratchet 38 is connected with a disc 50 by a sleeve 51 and this diso
carries a pawl 52 engaging a ratchet drum 53 which is connected by a sleeve 54
with a pinion 55 engaging the rack bar 56 of the carriage. Tho carriage rack
engages teeth on a spring drum 57 which propels the carriage to the left. The
pawl and ratchet 52-53 allow the carriage to be returned to normal position
without affecting the escapement rutchet. A detent 55 prevents backward move-
ment of the ratchet.
As before stated the type carrying rings of the type wheel are adjustable cir-
cumferentially in relation to each other so that, the cipher key may be changed
at will. Thus for instance in Figure 7 the cipher key B L -which is at the
radial conter of the wheel may be changed by shifting the rims relatively to
each other to any desired combination of characters and the number of possible
combinations is practically unlimited.
In my machine I employ a plurality of alphabets or sets of characters and in
addition to providing for adjustments which will secure a transposition as
between the key characters and the type of each set I provide for a relative
adjustment between the sets of characters or alphabets and also I provide for
the automatic shifting of the printing from one line or set of characters to
another and this shifting goes on at intervals automatically throughout the
writing. For instance, supposing in Figure 7 that the parts are so set that when
the I key is pressed the D character of the upper alphabet is printed. After
a predetermined number of depressions of the keys the type wheel will auto-
matically shift vertically so as to bring the next lower alphabet into the plane

page_text: of the hammer and then if the I key is struck the E character will be printed,
this character being immediately below the D character of the upper rim. The
printing will then be done by the second alphabet for a certain interval, at the
expiration of which the type wheel will be raised another step to bring the
third alphabet into play and keys corresponding to type characters D L F
CPM &c., of the upper alphabet will, when depressed cause to be printed the
characters UOSIRE &c., of the third alphabet and when the fourth or
lower alphabet is brought opposite the printing point these same keys will
print I REHAT &c. From this it will be seen that when the I key, for
instance, is struck it will sometimes print D, sometimes E, sometimes U and
at times I, so that it will not be possible to ascertain by computation from the
recurrence of the characters which letters of the ordinary alphabet they stand for.
The characters of the lower alphabet may, if desired, be sot to correspond with
the key characters.
I do not wish to limit myself to the type characters described consisting of
the series of alphabets on a rotary wheel. My object is to change the relation
between the type and key characters at intervals and automatically.
I have shown four adjustable type bearing rims but I do not limit myself to
this number.
The shifting of the type wheel vertically may occur at every third stroke of
the keys or at longer or shorter intervals. The intervals may be regular or
irregular.
The shifting is done by a stem or post 561 movable vertically of the hollow
type wheel shaft and having its upper end in connection with the type wheel
sleeve 12.
The stem rests upon a lever 57. The levor extends rearwardly from a rock
shaft 58 journalled in bearings in the frame of the machine and operated by n
lever 59 which is connected to the arm 60 on the rock shaft by the link 61.
The lever at its rear end has stepped shoulders 62 in different planes adapted to
be engaged by catches 63 pivoted to the base of the machine and normally
pressed towards the lever by the springs 64. Each catch has a projection 68 in
the path of studs 66 on a wheel or drum 67. The lever also has pins 65 pro-
jecting into line with other studs on said drum. The drum is fixed to a shaft 69
jourualled in bearings in the frame and it is operated in the direction of the
arrow Fig. 5, step by step from the spring drum 57 of the type writer
carriage. The drum, as the carriage moves to the left for letter spacing,
operates the gear wheel 70 having a pawl 71, engaging a ratchet 73 on the
When the
shaft 60, so that at each stroke of the keys the shaft is turned.
carringe is returned to the right the shaft is held against backward rotation by a
pawl 72 pivoted to a fixed part of the frame, and engaging a ratchet wheel 74
on the shaft. Supposing the type wheel in its lowest position the lever 50 is
then down. As the writing proceeds a stud on the drum, say after three strokes
of the keys, will engage one of the pins 65 on the lever and raise it one step
where it will be held by one of the catches 63 which, when the shoulder on the
lever is presented to it, immediately engages it under the action of its spring
as in Figures 5 and 6. After another interval of three strokes more or less, of
the keys, another stud on the drum engages a second pin on the lever and
lifts it to raise the type wheel a second step to bring into play another row of
characters. After the lever has thus been lifted step by step and each time
held by one of the catches it is lowered by other studs on the drum engaging in
succession the projections GS on the catch levers, thus releasing the catches
from the stepped shoulders of the lever and allowing the type wheel and other
parts to fall by gravity or otherwise.
By my system the spaces between words do not appear as such in the cipher
message but ordinary characters or letters fill up and represent these spaces,
but I do not use the same letter or character to represent the space. Referring

page_text: to Figure 7 and supposing the vertical line of characters BL H to be on the
radial center of the wheel and opposite the hammer when the type wheel is at
rest it will be seen that when the space key 76 is struck, it being understood
that then the type wheel does not rotate, the machine will print B L H accord-
ing to which row of characters or alphabets is in the printing plane and these
characters will represent the spaces. The space key does not cause the type
wheel to turn but simply causes the printing of that character which is at that
time opposite the printing point and while the type wheel is at rest.
In order to do this the space key or bar 76 is arranged to operate the escape-
mont and hammer mechanism without affecting the position of the
type wheel.
The space bar or key is supported by arins 77 pivotally
supported by bearings 78 and under tension of a spring 79 which holds
the space bar up or returns it to this position. The bent lever 80 of the space
lever is pivoted at 81 on the plate 18 and when this lever is depressed it de-
presses the space frame 45 which through the lever 43 releases the hammer
mechanisin which then prints the character normally standing opposite the
printing point. Upon the release of the space bar or key the escapement ratchet
moves one step to move the carriage one step to the left.
In order to make extra spaces within the words or at any point in the message
at the will of the operator the special space key 82 is provided the lever of
which 83 is supported on the pivot 81. The stem 84 of this key is connected
to a lever 85 pivoted on the rod 44 and having a sleeve 86 turning loosely on
the rod. This sleeve has an arm 87 extending into the path of a tail piece 361
of the carrier 36 of the detent 37 before described. The stem 84 of the special
space key has a shoulder 87 to engage the space frame, Fig. 3. When this key
is depressed the arm 87 will be raised into the path of the tail piece 36 and
the connections leading to the hammer will thus be arrested by the tail piece
striking the arm 87. This will prevent the hammer from striking the paper.
The escapement however, performs its usual function as the depression of the
space frame causes the pawl 43' to be thrown into engagement with the ratchet
and the detent released and caused to engage the next tooth and then upon the
release of the special key the escapement ratchet will turn until stopped by the
detent and stop 49 as before described, thus allowing the carriage to move one
step which of course will produce a space between the letters owing to the non-
action of the hammer.
The paper carriage comprises the rack bar 56 having uprights 88 secured
thereto, near each end. A rod 89 is supported in these uprights, and supports
the arms 90 which carry at their upper ends the journals of the paper roll 91.
These arms carry also a rod 92 upon which are supported supplemental arms 93
carrying at their upper ends the paper roll 94. These arms are pressed for-
wardly by springs 95 surrounding the rod 92 engaging said rod at one end
and the hubs 96 of the arms 93 at their other ends. The arms 90 of the paper.
roll frame have vertical extensions 911. A cross rod 97 connects the upper ends
of these extensions and this, in connection with a second rod 98 held in small
supports connected with the arms 91' serves to guide the paper when being
inserted. The arms 91 also serve to support the rubber band 99 used in this
class of machines.
The whole paper roll frame comprising the arms 90-93 is adapted to swing
on the rod 89 towards and from the type wheel so that the operator by simply
pressing the paper roll frame back can get a clear view of the printing. In
order to control this swinging action, links 100 are pivoted by the rock
shaft 100 to the uprights $8 and to the arms 90 at the extensions 911.
The paper roll frame is returned to its normal position by the springs 100*
contained in sleeves 100' fixed on the rock shaft 100¹¹.
It will noticed from Figures 2 and 4 that the paper roll frame is somewhat
shorter than the distance between the uprights 88 of the paper carriage and this

page_text: is for the purpose of allowing the paper roll frame to have a displacement within
and in relation to the carriage frame in a direction longitudiually thereof. That
is, it is intended, in translating a message, that the paper roll frame with the
paper be held locked against longitudinal movement whenever the special space
key 82 is struck so that the paper will not be moved past the printing point at
those times and thus the space in the message will be eliminated in the transla-
tion. I have provided means therefor for locking the paper roll frame against
movement when the special space key is struck while at the same time tlie escape-
ment and carriage move as do also the pin drum and the automatic connections
for changing the vertical position of the type wheel. In fact at this time all
the parts of the machine perform their usual function and movements with
the exception of the paper roll frame and the hammer, which latter
before described, is always locked against action when the space key is depressed.
In order to lock the paper roll frame against longitudinal movement, a toothed
bar 101 is rigidly supported by posts 102 on the base plate. The teeth of this
har lie just above the arm 103 of a locking dog which is pivoted on the rod 104
by means of its sleeve 105. This dog has an arm 106 which normally engages
a series of teeth 107 on the rack bar 56 of the carriage frame and when this
arm 106 is in engagement the other arm 103 is out of engagement with the
fixed locking bar 101 and then the paper roll frame moves with the paper
carriage, being locked thereto.
08
For freeing the paper roll frame from the carriage and locking it in position
against movement the dog is moved upwardly so that arm 106 leaves the
teeth 107 and arm 103 engages the teeth of locking bar 101. This upward
movement is given by a rod 108 carried by arms 109 of a rock shaft 110 jour-
nalled in the posts 102, said rod 108 engaging an opening between the arms
103, 106.
'
The shaft 110 is rocked to effect the locking of the paper roll frame by an
upward movement of a link 111 which is connected to the arm 112 on the rock
shaft 110 and at its lower end it has a slot 113 which receives a pin 114 on an
arm 115 which is connected with the sleeve 86 before described and which is
rocked by the lever 85 whenever the special space key 82 is depressed.
When the machine is used for writing the message the parts described are
in the position shown in Figure 3 and the depression of the special space key
will make the spaces as described because the paper roll frame remains locked
to the paper carriage owing to the fact that the arm 115 works loosely in the
slot. 113 and does not affect the lock.
When the machine is to be used for translating the message however, ap
arm 116 pivoted to the link 111 is swung forward so that its lower end will
extend across the slot and then when the special space key 82 is depressed the
arm 115 will strike the end of the arm 116 and the link 111 will rise thus
through the rock shaft 110 arms 109 and rod 108, shifting the locking dog out
of connection with the teeth 107 on the earringe and into engagement with the
teeth of the locking bar 101. This locking effect is maintained until the escape-
ment operates to move the carriage and allow all the parts of the machine to
operate and remain in proper adjustment excepting only the hammer which as
before stated, is always prevented from striking when the special space key is
operated.
The slot 113 in the link is long enough to allow the arm 115 to fall far
enough to effect the escapement without withdrawing the lock from the fixed
bar 101. Upon the complete return of the space key 82 and arm 115 the paper
roll frame is released from the fixed, bar 101 and again locked to the carriage
frame and it will now move with the carriage frame until the special space key
is again depressed to translate or rather eliminate the space. The arm 116 is kept
in engagement with the link 111 by spurs 124.
The paper carriage is guided in its movement by rollers 120 and by a rod 121

page_text: passing through a fixed bracket 122.
Figure 3 on the carriage uprights.
The links 100 abut against stops 123
In order to automatically return the paper roll frame to its normal position
at the left hand end of the carriage before beginning a new line, I provide a
finger 125 fixed to the bar 101 and projecting into line with the arms 90 so
that when the carriage is returned to the right to begin a new line the finger 125
will strike the left hand arm 90 of the paper roll frame and the frame will be
displaced along the rod 89 to the left end of the carriage.
In order to lock the machine against further action when the line is printed
I provide a lever 126 adapted to be operated by a suitable part of the machine
and this operates a lever 127 pivoted to the base which in turn throws a stud 128
under a part of the space frame 45 and this prevents its operation. When the
carriage is returned to the right the pin 129 strikes the pivoted lever 126 and
operates the parts to unlock the machine by shifting the stud 128 into a position
where it will not prevent the operation of the space frame.
The upper and lower plates 5-6 of the type wheel are fixed to the hub 7 and
the rims 2 are adjustable circumferentially between these discs or plates. The
hub fits on a sleeve 12 and is connected to turn therewith by a pin b on the
Eleeve fitting in a notch c in the hub. The sleeve turns with the hollow shaft 9
through the fork and arm connection before described. For raising and lower-
ing the type wheel the rod 56 extends up through the hollow shaft and its upper
end engages a pointed block d supported by a pine which extends through slots f
in the hollow shaft 9 and is supported in the sleeve.
The automatic spacing mechanism consists in an escapement wheel 38¹ having
blank spaces 38* at regular intervals between the teeth so that when one of
these spaces comes around to the detent 37 as shown in Figure 10 the escape-
ment ratchet will move the space of two teeth and thus a space will be formed.
In order to prevent the hommer from striking too hard when this space arrives
at the detent and the defent concts therewith, I have provided a stop pin 491
Figure 4 which will arrest the arm 31 and the connections leading to the
hammer just as the teeth of the ratchet do when no blank space is under the
tooth of the detent. The action of the parts is that the pawl 43' is thrown into
engagement with one of the teeth, say a, in Figure 10 and the detent is simul-
taneously thrown out of engagement with another tooth y, the detent now
flies downwardly under the action of the spring 42 but instead of the hammer
mechanism in this instance being limited by the detent striking the next suc-
ceeding tooth of the ratchet the stop 491 acts to limit the movement of the
hammer mechanism to get a proper hammer action. Upon release of the koy
the pawl 43 is withdrawn from the ratchet and the ratchet turns carrying the
detent up until the stop 49 before described limits the movement.
In translating in order to eliminate these spaces the machine is provided
with a second ratchet wheel 38* loose on the ratchet shaft or pivot and this has
a full set of teeth. It has also a locking pin g carried by a spring arm / pivoted
at to the face of the ratchet. When this pin and arm are in the position shown
in dotted lines in Figure 11 the ratchet 38 is disconnected from the ratchet 38¹,
but when in the position of the full lines the pin will then enter any one of the
openings in the ratchet wheel 38' and the teeth of the ratchet 38° will be
opposite or fill up the spaces in the ratchet 381 it being understood that the
tooth of the detent is wide enough to cover both ratchets. The machine will
now operate without any automatic spacing.
The spring barrels for oscillating the type wheel are shown in Figure 9.
The pawl arm 41 is pressed up by a spring / Figure 1 engaging the rod m.
The special space key is pressed when making the translation each time a
space occurs whether the spaces were formed automatically by the escapement
rotchet device or by pressing the special space key in printing. This is neces-
sary in order to have a key action for each of the letter spaces in the line, other-
wise the movement of the parts will be disordered.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
vention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1-In combination, the type wheel, the hammer, a rock shaft supporting the
same, the escapement, a rock shaft under spring tension, having an arm 34
connected with the escapement, an arm 31 connected with the spring rock
shaft and a rod connecting said arm with the hammer rock shaft, said spring
rock shaft being controlled by the escapement, substantially as described.
2 The combination in a cipher printing and translating machine, printing
mechanism, means for making extra spaces between the letters of a word or in
other parts of the message, and means for eliminating said spaces when printing
the translation, substantially as described.
3-In combination in a cipher translating machine, printing mechanism and
means for eliminating the extra spaces between the letters as the translation
is printed, substantially as described.
In combination in a cipher printing and translating machine, means for
forming extra spaces in the word, and an adjustable part whereby the machine
may be set to eliminate the said spaces in the translating, substantially as
described.
5-In combination in a cipher translating machine, a paper carriage, a paper
holder supported thereon, said carriage being arranged to have movement inde-
pendent of the holder, a key and means' for locking the paper holder against
movement with the carriage when the said key is struck, substantially a15
described.
1
6-In combination in a cipher translating machine, means for translating
spaces between the words and means for eliminating extra spaces between the
letters of a word, substantially as described. .
7-In combination in a cipher printing and translating machine, the print-
ing mechanism, a key with connections for making extra spaces between the
letters of a word, a paper carriage, a paper holder, a lock for holding the paper
holder against movement with the carriage and an adjustable part whereby the
space forming key may be made to operate the lock to hold the paper holder
against movement in translating when the space key is struck, substantially as
described.
8 In combination, the carriage and a paper holder supported on the carriage,
said carriage having movement independent of the paper holder past the print-
ing point, substantially as described.
9 In combination, the carriage, the paper holder supported thereon, said
carriage having movement independent of the paper holder and a lock for the
paper holder controlled from the key board substantially as described.
10 In combination, the printing mechanism, the carriage, the paper holder
thereon, a lock for holding the paper holder against movement with the carriage,
said lock comprising a rack bar and a locking dog or pawl to engage the same,
one of said parts being on the paper holder and the other on the main frame,
and one being controlled from the key board, substantially as described.
11 In combination, the carriage, the paper holder, said carriage having
movement independent of the paper holder which is supported thereon, and
means for returning the paper holder to normal position with respect to the
carriage, substantially as described.
12 In combination in a cipher printing machine, printing mechanism and
an escapement mechanism comprising a ratchet having blank spaces for causing
spaces to be formed in the printing by giving the paper carriage an additional
spacing movement, substantially as described.
13 In combination in a type writer with the printing mechanism, an escape-
ment mechanism having means for making extra spaces at intervals between
the letters by the ordinary operation of the character keys and independent of
the space bar, substantially as described.

page_text: pre-
14-In combination in a cipher translating machine, printing mechanism, a
paper carriage, and means for eliminating the extra spaces in the message when
translating, said means comprising a key, means connected therewith for pre-
venting the hammer from striking when said key is operated and means for
venting the paper from having its traversing movement, substantially as described.
15 In combination in a cipher machine, printing mechanism comprising a
plurality of alphabets, means for changing the printing from one alphabet to
another and means for climinating the extra spaces between the letters of a
word in the translation, substantially as described.
16 In combination in a cipher translating machine, a printing mechanism,
means for moving the paper past the printing point, means operated by the
machine for controlling the cipher, a key and connections controlled by said
key for arresting the printing mechanism and the paper moving means whilo
the other parts of the machine perform their usual functions whereby spaces in
the message will be eliminated, substantially as described.
17--In a cipher printing machine, means for printing a series of characters
in predetermined order in the spaces between the words and means for forming
extra spaces between the letters of a word, substantially as described.
18 In combination, the printing mechanism comprising the series of alphabets,
means for changing automatically from one alphabet to another, a paper
carriage, connections between the same and said means to shift from one
alphabet to another, a paper holder on the carriage, locking means for holding
the same against movement with the carriage, means for arresting the hammer,
and means for controlling the lock and hammer arresting means, substantially
as described.
19-In combination in a cipher printing machine, means for automatically
changing the relation between the type and the key character in a determined
order and as the keys are operated, a key and connections for controlling the
printing so as to form a space when said key is struck, the action of said key
being one of the predetermined number necessary to effect the change in the
relation between the type and the key character, substantially as described.
20 In combination, in a type writer, a plurality of type carriers each having
a complete set of characters and means for automatically bringing into use the
different sets of characters in a predetermined order, substantially as described.
21-In combination in a type writer, the keys, a plurality of sets of characters
adjustable in relation to each other and to the keys and means for bringing into
use automatically the different sets of characters, substantially as described.
22-In combination with the type carried having the different sets of
characters adjustable in relation to each other circumferentially of the wheel
and means for moving the type wheel for bringing the different sets of characters
into line with the printing point, substantially as described.
23-In combination, the type wheel, means for rotating the same, the post for
raising and lowering the wheel, the drum having the studs, the lever operated
thereby, the catches controlling the lever arranged to be operated by the studs
on the drum, means for operating the drum and connections, between the lever
and the post, substantially as described.
24-In cipher writing machine, the printing mechanism and a space key
for causing the operation of the same at the word space, substantially as
described.
25 In combination in a cipher writing machine the printing mechanism
having a plurality of characters disposed in different sets to represent spaces
between the words, means for causing the printing of such characters and means
for bringing into operation in predetermined order the different characters of
different sets representing the spaces, substantially as described.
26 In combination in a cipher type writer, a typecarrier having characters!
thereon in disordered relation in respect to the keys and one of which represent
the space between words, the lever for operating the printing mechanism and

page_text: escapement without affecting the type carrier in order to fill in spaces between
words and a second lever for operating the escapement while preventing the
printing mechanism from operating, substantially as described.
27-In a cipher machine comprising suitable keys, two or more alphabets,
the characters of which are in disordered relation with respect to the keys
characters, means for bringing the alphabets into action and means for deter-
mining the order in which the alphabets are brought into action and the period
of action, substantially as described.
28 In combination in a cipher printing machine, the keys, the printing
mechanism comprising the type arranged in disordered relation with respect to
the key characters, and means for causing the relation between the type and
The keva to be changed in a predetermined order whereby the depression of the
same key will cause to be printed different characters at different times, sub-
stantially as described.
29-In combination in a cipher printing machine, the keys, the printing
mechanism comprising the type arranged in disordered relation with respect
to the key characters, and means operated by the carriage spacing mechanism
for changing the relation between the type and the keys in a predetermined
order, substantially as described.
30 In combination in a cipher printing machine the keys, the rotary type
carrier having type in disordered relation with respect to the key characters and
means for causing the position of the type to be changed in relation to the key
characters in a predetermined order, whereby upon the depression of the same
key different characters will be printed at different times, substantially as
described.
1
31 In combination in a type writer, a plurality of sets of characters, carrier
means therefor, and means for automatically bringing into use the different
sets of characters in a predetermined order, substantially as described.
32 In a cipher writing machine, the printing mechanism comprising the type
and means carrying the same, the keys with connections to said means and
means for causing the relation between the type and key characters to be changed
at predetermined intervals, which intervals are niensured automatically, sub-
stantially as described.
33 In a cipher writing machine, the printing mechanism comprising the
type and carrying means therefor, the keys with connections to said means,
and automatically operating means for causing the relation between the type
and key characters to be changed at intervals.
34 In combination in a cipher type writer, means for changing the relation
between the type characters and key characters, a paper carriage connected
with said means, to operate the same, a paper holder on the carriage locking
means for holding the same against movement with the carriage, the printing
mechanism, and means for controlling the printing mechanism and the lock,
substantially as described.
35 In combination in a cipher printing machine, printing mechanism, means
for changing the relation between the type and key characters, and means for
measuring automatically the interval between said changes, a key and connec-
tions for controlling the printing so as to form or eliminate an extra space when
said key is struck, the action of said key being one of a predetermined number
necessary to measure the interval between the said changes, substantially as
described.
36 A cipher machine comprising printing means with type characters, the
keys, the relation between the type and key characters being changeable, means
for automatically measuring the interval between the changes and means for
affecting the change. substantially as described.
37-A cipher machine comprising printing means with type characters, key
mechanism, the relation between the type characters and key characters being

page_text: changeable and means for automatically measuring the intervals between the
changes, substantially as described.
38 A cipher machine comprising a shifting type carrier, key mechanism,
the relation between the type carrier and key mechanism being changeable by
the shifting of the type carrier and means for measuring automatically the
intervals between the shifting actions, substantially as described.
39 In combination, printing means provided with type carrying means, tho
keys, and means for changing the relation between the type and keys as the
writing proceeds at determined intervais, and for measuring said intervals
automatically.
i
40 In combination, printing mechanism carrying type, the keys, means for
automatically changing the relation between the type and keys at intervals and
means for automatically measuring said intervals, substantially as described..
Dated this 11th day of Sontember 1000
EDWARD EVANS & Co.,
Chartered Patent Agents,
Lonsdale Chambers, 27, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., and
105, Colore Row, Birmingham, Agents for the Applicant.