HEATING AND MAKING CARDS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Cunliffe Lister, of Manningham, near
Bradford, in the County of York, for the Invention of "HEATING
AND MAKING CARDS."
Sealed the 27th April 1853, and dated the 28th February 1853
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Cunliffe
Lister at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 28th February 1853.
I, SAMUEL CUNLIFFE LISTER, of Manningham, near Bradford, in the
County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"HEATING AND MAKING CARDS" to be as follows:-
The most usual plan of heating cards has been by the admission of
steam into the feed-rollers, but the advantage derived from that mode
is very slight, as the heat is scarcely appreciable. Now the plan I
adopt to attain the desired end is to apply jets of gas or suitable heating
apparatus to the card-rollers, when the teeth are set in a brass or metal
surface.

page_text: Wire cards now in use are made from round wire. Now, I find
that for fine cards, say, such as have more than 100 points to the
square inch, that a great improvement in their mode of action is
effected by having the teeth made with wire drawn for the purpose, thick
towards or at the back, and thin at the front of the tooth.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Samuel Cunliffe Lister, in the Great Seal Patent
Office, on the 23d August 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
SAMUEL CUNLIFFE LISTER, of Manningham, near Bradford, in the County
of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Samuel Cunliffe Lister, Her special
licence that I, the said Samuel Cunliffe Lister, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Samuel Cunliffe Lister,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"HEATING AND MAKING CARDS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Samuel Cunliffe Lister, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Cunliffe Lister, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same

page_text: is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, (that is to say):
My improvements consist, first, in heating cards with fire heat. I
am aware that rollers have been made hollow, so as to admit of their
being heated by steam; but, although this has been found beneficial,
still it is not sufficiently intense in its action upon the wood. Now, if
any greater degree of heat than steam were applied either internally
or externally to ordinary cards, it would destroy the leather or other
material in which the card-teeth are fixed. In order to prevent this,
I make the rollers or card surfaces that receive and work the wool
from the feed-rollers of iron or other metal, and I fix the teeth in
brass or other suitable metal. The form of the teeth may be varied;
but I prefer the roller and teeth patented and known in England as
Calvert's, as I find less difficulty in keeping them clear of wool, so as
to allow of the teeth being heated by fire. The mode of heating which
I find to answer best, is to place jets of gas under the roller, so as to
act directly upon the teeth: but other means of heating may be used,
as charcoal, or coal; but I do not confine myself thereto.
Secondly, my Invention consists in making the teeth for cards of
flat wire, one edge of the wire being thinner than the other, something
like the blade of a knife, the front of the tooth being thin and the back
thicker. Three very important advantages are gained by this form
of tooth: first, it is much stronger, and capable of resisting a much
greater strain upon the tooth when working the fibrous material than
round wire, and it will give a much finer and keener point, in fact
equal to the finest needle, which is of immense importance in carding
cotton; and I especially claim it for that purpose, also for silk and
fine wool, also for flax or hemp, or other fibrous material.
The form of the tooth and wire may be varied, but what I claim
especially is, having one edge of the wire thicker than the other; or,
if in any way made out of wire not being round, so as to give more
strength and a finer point than can be obtained from the round wire
now in use.
I am aware that cards for coarse wool have been made with flat

page_text: teeth, but what I claim is for fine cards not having less than 150 points
in the inch, and they should be set in india-rubber.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Cunliffe Lister, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
S. C. LISTER. (L.S.)
Witness, WILLIAM WELLS, Solicitor, Bradford.