IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF ORNAMENTAL OR FIGURED FABRICG
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Richard Cochrane, of Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, Manufacturer, for the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF
ORNAMENTAL OR FIGURED FABRICG."
Sealed the 27th April 1858, and dated the 22d February 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Richard
Cochrane at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 22d February 1853.
I, JOHN RICHARD COCHRANE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF
ORNAMENTAL OR FIGURED FABRICS" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates more especially to the manufacture of figured
fabrics of the "lappet " class, wherein the device or pattern is formed
by the action of "lappet-wheels," or other similar contrivances, in
laying the "whip" or pattern threads upon the surface of the goods,
and binding down the same with the weft-threads. Such yarn or

page_text: figure threads have hitherto been always beamed on rolls previous to
weaving, the rolls being attached to the loom, and the yarn taken
therefrom, as required in the weaving action. Now by this improved
arrangement the cops of "whip" yarn are taken directly to the loom,
and arranged in creels, or suitable holding-frames, and the yarn is thus
unwound directly from the cops as the weaving proceeds. Thus the
usual intervening processes between the spinning and weaving are
dispensed with; and, whilst the intrinsic cost of the process is lessened,
the production of waste is also reduced. Or, by another mode, the
bobbins of yarn, as filled from the cops in the ordinary manner, are
taken to the loom, and held there in a suitable frame, instead of the
cops; and in both cases, whether the cops or bobbins are applied in
this way, each line or frame of threads is passed round a paced roller
so as to give an equal uniform tension to all the threads during the
weaving action. This tension-roller may be paced, or furnished with a
friction apparatus, by any of the ordinary modes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Richard Cochrane, in the Great Seal Patent
Office, on the 22d August 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
JOHN RICHARD COCHRANE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent; bearing date the Twenty-second day of February, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in
the sixteenth year of Her reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and succes-
sors, give and grant unto me, the said John Richard Cochrane, Her
special licence that I, the said John Richard Cochrane, my execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John
Richard Cochrane, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of

page_text: Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and the Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF
ORNAMENTAL OR FIGURED FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said John Richard Cochrane, by an instrument in writing
under my
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Richard Cochrane, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the
accompanying drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon,
that is to say:
My said Invention relates more especially to the manufacture of
figured fabrics of the "lappet" class, wherein the device or pattern on
the goods is formed by the action of "lappet-wheels" or other
similar contrivances in laying the "whip" or pattern threads upon the
surface of the goods, and binding down the same with the weft-threads.
Such yarn or figure threads have hitherto been always beamed on rolls
previous to weaving, the rolls being attached to the loom, and the yarn
taken therefrom as required in the weaving action.
Now, by my
improved arrangement, the cops of the "whip" yarn are taken directly
to the loom, and arranged in creels or suitable holding-frames, and the
yarn is thus unwound directly from the cops as the weaving proceeds.
Thus the usual intervening processes which the whip undergoes between
the doubling or twisting and weaving are dispensed with, and, whilst the
intrinsic cost of the process is lessened, the production of waste is also
reduced. Or, by another mode, the bobbins of yarn as filled from the
cops in the ordinary manner are taken to the loom, and held there in
a suitable frame instead of the cops; and in both cases, whether the cops
or bobbins are applied in this way, each line or frame of threads is
passed round a paced roller, so as to give an equal uniform tension to
all the threads during the weaving action; or the pacing may be effected
under various other modifications.

page_text: Figure 1, on my sheet of drawings is a longitudinal elevation of one
modification of apparatus which 1 employ as a holding-frame for the
cops at the back of the loom, the view being supposed to be taken from
a position quite behind the loom. Figure 2, is a corresponding end or
transverse sectional elevation of the frame or creel at right angles to
Figure 1. Figure 3, is a plan of the frame, which in all these views is
represented as filled with cops in the act of being wound off in weaving.
Figure 4, is a plan of the bottom-board or perforated creel-piece alone,
showing a few only of the cops as fitted in for weaving. The crecl or
holding-frame is composed of four vertical timber standards A, arranged
as a parallelogram with suitable base-pieces B. These standards arc
bound together by transverse pieces C, and top metal bars D; and near
the base of the structure is a perforated creel frame or board E, perfo-
rated in the present instance with six parallel rows of holes for holding
the skewers or supporting pins of the cops. This holder E, is notched
out at its four corners, so that it may be slipped into or removed from
the retaining standards at pleasure. In commencing to work with this
apparatus, the board F, is taken out for the convenience of arranging
the cops therein in due order, as delineated in the drawings. The filled
frame is then re-inserted, and the loose longitudinal bar F, is placed
with its ends in the holding-staples G. Immediately over the range of
cops are three guide-pin bars H, resting by their ends upon the cross-
pieces C, the guide-pins or studs being set to project off from the bars in
a horizontal direction. These bars are covered over with a layer of
rough cloth or other frictional material, and each thread of the yarn as
wound off from the individual cops is passed round its corresponding
bar and between the guide-pins directly over the cop in cach case;
thence the thread passes round a corresponding over-head guide-roller
I, three of which are set in an inclined row with their end spindles
turning in notched bearings in the plates D; and after this second
frictional turn the thread proceeds direct to the weaving action of the
loom, where it is interwoven to form the intended device in the usual
manner. The rollers I, are not plain cylinders, but are barrelled or
tapered from the centre towards each end, for the purpose of assimilating
the tension upon the threads throughout the whole line; for it is found

page_text: in weaving with the ordinary plain cylinder that those lines of yarn near
the centre of the piece are liable to become tighter or to be strained to
a higher degree than those yarns which are nearer the selvages. But
by tapering the roller in this way the central threads pass over a larger
circumference of roller than the selvage threads, and hence the tendency
is to slacken the central threads and tighten the outside ones. I have
not represented any pacing apparatus in these views, but the rollers
may be paced or not as required in any convenient manner. When
arranged in the way which I have described, each line of yarn is wound
off its cop in a regular and uniform manner, and woven directly into
the fabric until the cops require renewal, as previously referred to.
Figure 5, is a longitudinal elevation of another modification of my
apparatus as fitted to weave the "whip" yarn from bobbins filled from
the cops by the usual anterior winding process. Figure 6, is a corre-
sponding transverse vertical section of the arrangement; and Figure 7, is
a plan of the bobbin-creel. In these views the parts A, are portions
of the back part of the common loom framing with the main warp-beam
B, fitted thereon in the usual way. Between the frame standards a
horizontal bar C, is fitted in to carry two vertical pillar pieces D, which
are bolted on to the bar C, to carry the bobbin-creel frame E. The
bobbins are arranged on spindles in rows in the usual way, and each
individual bobbin is paced by a blade-spring F, screwed by one end to
the creel, and pressing by its free end upon the thread wound upon the
bobbin. From this series of bobbins the threads pass, as at G, direct
to the weaving action of the loom, as in the former example; or, instead
of this individual pacing, the lines of threads may be passed round
rollers in the manner which I have already described in reference to
Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I may observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine
or restrict myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have
had occasion to describe or refer to, as many variations may be made
therefrom without deviating from the principles or main features of my
Invention. But what I consider to be novel and original, and therefore

page_text: claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part
recited Letters Patent is,-
First, the general arrangement and construction of apparatus for the
manufacture of ornamental or figured fabrics, as herein-before described.
Second, the system or mode of weaving the "whip" yarns of figured
or ornamental fabrics direct from the cops.
Third, the system or mode of weaving figured fabrics of the class
herein-before described by means of "whip" yarn, contained on bobbins
or holders of a similar nature.
Fourth, the combination of cop or bobbin holders with the looms
employed for weaving figured fabrics, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Richard Cochrane, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of August,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
three.
J. R. COCHRANE. (L.B.)