NEW INVENTED ROTATORY AND RECIPROCAL FIRE ENGINE
Year: 1785

page_text: HATELEY'S SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
HATELEY, of Dudley, in the County of Worcester, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date the Third.
day of August, in the twenty-fifth year of His said Majesty's reign, did give
and grant unto me, the said Joseph Hateley, His special licence, full power,
sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Joseph Hateley, my exors, adiñors,
and assigns, should and lawfully might, during the term of fourteen years
therein expressed, use, exercise, and vend, throughout that part of His
Majesty's Kingdom of Great Britain called England, the Dominion of
Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my "NEW INVENTED ROTATORY
AND RECIPROCAL FIRE ENGINE;" in which said recited Letters Patent is con-
tained a proviso obliging me, the said Joseph Hateley, in writing under my
hand and seal, to cause a particular description of the nature of the said
Invention to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within one
month after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the said
Letters Patent, and the Statute in that behalf made, relation being thereunto
had, may more at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, and in pur-
suance of the said Statute, I, the said Joseph Hateley, do hereby declare that
the following is a particular description of the nature of my said new
invented rotatory and reciprocal fire engine, and the manner in which the
same is to be performed; (that is to say,) for saving of fuel, increasing the
powers, reducing the expences, and making them of more utility and general
good than any heretofore discovered, for lifting, raising, or forcing of water,.
raising or drawing of coals, iron, stone, clay, lead, tin, copper, and for the

page_text: completion of business in all manufactories where mechanical powers are
necessary, or any other business that can be performed by animate or
inanimate powers whatever, consists of the following principles and pecu-
liarities:-
First, that by surrounding the boiler (which is occasionally strengthened
internally by hoops or rings of iron, also contains sundry wire grateing, like
sieves, for dividing the water) or vessel containing the water, of any form, or
part of it, with bodies more susceptible of receiving, retaining, and communi-
cating heat from one body to another than water itself, viz', copper, tin, lead,
iron, brass, spelter, bismouth, zink, or any other metal or semi-metal, by them-
selves, or in conjunction with each other, or any mineral substance or vitruous
or vitrified bodies, metalic or unmetalic substances; then, by reducing the
quantity of water in the boiler, increasing its surface to the fire, and lessening
the space which the fire has to diffuse itself through the object intended to be
heated; that I do by making a cavity from the bottom of the boiler upwards
through it of a conical, cylindrical, or any other form of a convenient size. In
that space or cone, or whatever form it may be of in the interior part of the
boiler, I apply occasionally melted metals in contact with the vessel that holds
the water, or in vessels distinct from the boiler, although occasionally con-
nected therewith; then, by introducing a current of hot air, or rarified steam
or vapour of water, or any other heated fluids, into the water in the boiler
itself, or in vessels immersed in the water or suspended in the steam; to which
vessels, or the vessels containing the aforesaid substances which communicate
heat to the water itself through the different conductors of heat as aforesaid, I
apply unctious bodies of animals' or vegetables' substances, with the fire and
flame of pit coal in a crude state, or coaks, seperately or in conjunction with
rosins, pitch, tar, bituminous bodies, or any other inflammable matter or
metal's infusion, or any other materials highly heated and capable of commu-
nicating heat from oue body to another in a hot or melted state, either exter-
nally or internally, seperately or together. By this mode and application of
the fire, and communicating it through different bodies, much greater effects
are produced in point of evaporation, and less consumption of fuel, than can be
performed without their assistance, in a more equable and extensive manner.
The fuel is in some cases introduced to the fire grate through a tower contain-
ing a considerable quantity of plogestic bodies, and fall gradually down an
inclined plane or apperture to supply the consumption of fuel on the fire grates,
to avoid as much as possible exposing the heated body to the cold air, and
after the fire has done its office in and about the first objects intended to be
heated, as before described. It is in some cases applied in heating or boiling

page_text: the water in the hot well, as it is commonly called in common fire engines,
or in other vessels, for the purpose of supplying the boiler and piston with
such a fluid which is raised to the height necessary by the engine itself, or
otherwise.
Secondly, the cylinder or cylinders in which the piston moves, and where the
steam is employed to work the engine, is open at top, like those in common
fire engines. The bottom of the said cylinder has a rising and projecting
upwards, like a cylinder or any other form, at a convenient distance from the
side, which leaves a narrow or thin space between the rising part of the bottom
and the inside of the cylinder, of a convenient depth for the reception of a thin
cylindrical or any other formed vessel, of copper or any other metal, to be con-
nected to and with the moving piston near the edge on the under side, in order
to prevent as much as possible the cold condensing water that may be injected
into the steam cylinder from getting in contact with the cylinder itself; and
when the engine is at work the piston is stuffed with junk or other substances,
as common to fire engines, and supplied with hot or boiling water for keeping
it air and steam tight.
Thirdly, when the motion and powers of the engine is required to be varied
in cases where fluctuating powers and motions are necessary, I apply two
steam cocks or regulators in the ducts between the steam vessel and the
cylinder; also two stop-cocks in the ducts between the reservoir or injection
cocks, as they are called in common fire engines. One of those regulators,
and one of those stop-cocks or injection cocks, are applied and opened and shut
alternately with and by the apparatus, as in common fire engines; the other
regulator and injection cock are adapted for the purpose of regulating and
adjusting the quantity of steam and water that is to be introduced into the
steam cylinder as the nature of the business the engine is to perform may
require, which last-mentioned regulator and cock answers as gauges in the
ducts aforesaid for opening and contracting the apertures in the steam and
waterway by hand at pleasure, without altering or affecting the other regulator
and cock wrought by the engine itself. By doing so the engine's powers and
motions are varied at pleasure. The axis of the great levar or wheel in some
cases is suspended in two moveable carriages from a cross-piece over the great
levar or part of wheel supported by standards or otherways on each side of the
great levar, and composed of wood or metal frames. The upper ends carries
fixed pieces of hardened polished steel, with indented chasms in the center,
which are laid upon triangular pieces of steel of a roundish edge, fixed upon
the top of the cross-piece before described. The bottom ends of the said
carriages are also faced with polished steel, and made to answer a circle

page_text: inscribed from the point of suspension on the upper end of said carriage upon
the bottom part of said carriage made as described. The round part of the
pivot or gudgeon of the great levar is laid and moves upon this moveable
carriage, in place of fixed brasses, which are generally used. When the engine
is at work those carriages moves backwards and forwards according to the
motion of the pivot or gudgeon in a parallel direction from the point of suspen-
sion; and in order to keep the pivot or gudgeon in its proper place it moves
against wheels placed in the standards or frame on each side of the gudgeon
or otherways.
Fourthly, the piston is connected by chains or rods to and with the great
levar or wheel, as in other engines, at one end, though occasionally I apply
two steam cylinders connected with the same levar or wheel. The other end
of the great levar or side of the wheel, whichever may be applied, is connected
by chains or rods to the periphery of a wheel connected with the main spindle
or axis, which receives a uniform circular motion. The pivots or bearing parts
of the rotative axis are occasionally laid upon and against the perripherry of
wheels in place of fixed brasses, in order to reduce the immense friction that
arises from heavy bodies in motion, with pivots of large dimensions. Upon the
one end of the said main rotative spindle or axis is fixed a metal or wood wheel
of a convenient size and thickness, the edge or side of which is indented with
diagonal chasms or teeth for the reception of spring bolts, or whatever may be
used in lieu of them, to connect a second wheel or part of a wheel which
is fitted upon the edge or side of the first wheel, and is connected therewith by
bolts or otherways that are moveable, and will admit of said wheel occasionally
to revolve round the edge or side of the first wheel in a retrograde or progres-
sive motion, while the other is either stationary or in motion, or,. if required,
may move with the first wheel in the same direction as if they were one intire
wheel. On the side or edge of the second wheel, or part of a wheel,
at a convenient distance from the centre of the axis, or rotative spindle, is
fixed a center piece or axis like the rim of a wheel or otherways, with chasms
or teeth upon the edge or side of it for the reception of spring bolts, or
whatever may be used in lieu of them, for connecting a wheel or part of a
wheel to it in the same manner as the second wheel is to, the first. The
third wheel, with its center piece connected with the second wheel, as
described, revolves about the axis of the first and second wheel. The second
and third wheels are made heavy on different quarters by loading them
with weights or otherways, whose gravitating powers are sometimes as great
or greater than the resistance that is to be overcome in the business the
engine is to perform, which powers or weights are raised by the engine, and

page_text: which carries forward the motion of the wheels through one half at least of
their circumscribing space or circle, while the other part of the engine is pre-
paring itself for exerting new efforts, by which means a uniform circular
rotative motion is produced at each stroke of the engine successively at plea-
sure. Upon the perripherry of the third wheel, before described, is fixed a
chain and rods for locking and unlocking it; the chains or rods on the one
side of the said wheel is connected to and with the great levar or wheel, and
the rods or chains on the other side of the same wheel are made double like
a bridle rein, so as to admit the first chain or rod to pass freely through them,
or in any other way that will produce the same effect, by admitting the last-
mentioned wheel to make (if necessary) a retrocession, while its axis and
other wheels connected therewith are going forward in a circular uniform
motion, or, if required, that it may revolve about in the same direction with
the other wheels. When this rotative and reciprocal fire engine is employed
in drawing water, coals, metals, minerals, and fossils, &c. &c., out of pits,
shafts, quarries, or other places that requires buckets and ropes to move
alternately from the motion of the rotative spindle, a hollow barrel or wheel
is applied upon the rotative axis, the ends of which carry metal collars so
fitted to said spindle as to move easy in a longitudinal direction backwards
and forwards by the assistance of a levar for that purpose. The hollow barrel
or wheel is made of a convenient size and length for the ropes to coil upon,
each end thereof is made with rings of wood or metal, with holes for coggs
or teeth of a convenient number, which are introduced occasionally into the
coggs or teeth of a wheel and rounds of a trundle head or otherways, alter-
nately put in motion by two faced wheels fixed upon the rotative spindle; the
hollow barrel or wheel upon which the ropes coil being moved backwards
and forwards upon the rotative spindle, the motion of the ropes and wheels is
reversed, changed, and stopped at pleasure. To those wheels, or any one of
them, is connected with a nut or pinion with a winch, upon the axis of which
is fixed a ketch wheel, with ratchet teeth for a check or holdfast to prevent
the hollow barrel or wheel from running back with what may be hanging on
the ropes connected therewith, from any accident of broken teeth, or other-
ways; by which means the bodies raised as aforesaid may be taken off,
suspended, let down, and removed at pleasure by manual operations and
assistance, while the engine is either at rest or in motion.
Lastly, where a fly wheel is necessary to be applied, which I intend in
many cases to do, I apply them in a very different way and manner to any
heretofore, viz-The axis or spindles of the fly wheels are placed in some
cases in a perpendicular direction from the rotative axis, upon a moveable

page_text: carriage, upon rollers, or otherways, which by the assistance of a common
levar may be moved, and totally disengaged from the apparatus it was con-
nected with; and the arms of the fly and open spaces between the arms are
covered with some thin metal or other substance capable of resisting the
action of the air, and preventing the air from impeding the motion of the fly
as much as possible. The manner they are connected with the rotative
apparatus is by cogg wheels and trundle heads or otherways.
In testimony whereof, I, the said Joseph Hateley, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighth day of August, in the twenty-fifth year of the
reign of our Sovereign Lord George the Third, by the Grace of God of
Great Britain, France, and Ireland King, Defender of the Faith, &c., and
in the year of our Lord One thousand seven hundred and eighty-five.
Sealed and delivered (being first
duly stamped) in the presence
of
JOSEPH HATELEY. (L.S.)