Improved Means for Ventilating Railway and other Carriages and Travelling Enclosed Structures.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Sept., 1899-Accepted, 18th Nov., 1899'
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Means for Ventilating Railway and other Carriages and
Travelling Enclosed Structures.
I, CHARLES BANNERMAN, of 146, Queen's Road, Upton Park, Essex, Clerk, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
!
This invention relates to the ventilation of railway and other carriages and
travelling enclosed structures, such, for example, as ships and vessels, serving
for the conveyance of passengers and others, live stock or perishable or other
commodities requiring ventilation or circulation or change of air in transit,
(hereinafter referred to as carriages,) and is characterized by so constructing
and applying the improved apparatus to any such carriage as that it will be
caused to be operated, whether the carriage is or is not travelling, by the pre-
vailing wind or external air current, and, when the carriage is travelling, by
the like means or by the current caused by the travelling of the carriage
through the air, without being driven by or being dependent upon any mechani-
cal connection to any rotating part of the carriage.
The improved apparatus is represented in Figures, 1, and 2, on the accompanying
drawing as applied to a railway carriage, (which will equally illustrate its appli-
cation to any other of the aforesaid enclosed travelling structures,) sufficient
of the carriage being shown to illustrate the application of the apparatus, and
the apparatus being shown in one modification of its construction, which latter
may be very considerably varied without departing from the principle of the
invention, which is hereinafter described, and in various modifications of its
arrangement.
In carrving out the invention, I apply, in any convenient manner, to a con-
necting shaft, a, a vaned or other suitable motor wheel, a¹, and also a vaned or
other suitable air circulator or ventilating wheel, a2, and mount the shaft in
suitable bearings, b, in such a manner that it can freely rotate in such bearings
with the least possible friction so as to enable it to be rotated by the action
of the wind or of the external air through which it is carried, by the action of
latter on the motor wheel.
!
The motor wheel, al, is applied externally of the carriage, c. and the wheel, n²,
is applied internally of the carriage, the purpose of such latter wheel being
to cause a positive circulation of the air within the compartment of the carriage
within which it is placed, and to induce such currents of air as will result in
the desired ventilation or circulation or exchange of air.
To this end, the apparatus is applied to the upper part of the carriage, the
shaft, a, being encased in a tube, d, which. at one end, is or may be let through
the carriage side, and may be supported by a pendant, d, from the carriage
roof at or adjacent to its other end, or otherwise in any convenient manner,
with the air circulator or ventilating wheel, «², in the proximity of any ven-
13

page_text: tilating top, c, with which the carriage may be formed, or with any suitable
inlet or outlet apertured top in the roof.
Such means enable the improved apparatus to be readily applied to existing
carriages without alteration of the latter other that to provide a bearing for
the shaft carrying tube at one part, and for rigidly suspending or supporting it
from another part.
The shaft can most conveniently be mounted within the carrying tube, d, in
ball bearings, b, as represented, as such bearings enable the apparatus to be
applied with the requisite nicety of adjustment to ensure its action even with
a gentle movement of the external air.
I do not, however, restrict myself to any particular way of mounting the shaft,
nor do I restrict myself to any particular form of vanes of the motor or ven-
tilating wheels, respectively, and may use such respective arrangements thereof
as may be useful for the respective purposes of driving the apparatus by the
external air and circulating the internal air.
In lieu of being applied in a horizontal position, as represented on the left
side of Fig. 1, the apparatus may be shortened and applied in a vertical
position, as represented on the right side of Fig. 1, and supported only by the
carriage roof or its side or end or otherwise as most convenient according to
its particular application.
:
In lieu, also, of both the motor and the ventilating wheels being carried
by the same shaft, a, they may be applied on two separate shafts, a, a³, con-
nected by mitre-whels, at, as shown in dotted lines, so that the motor and
ventilating wheels may lie in different planes in any particular application of
the invention in which such an arrangement would be advantageous.
Having now particularly described. and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is―
An apparatus for ventilating or circulating air in railway and other carriages
and travelling enclosed structures, characterized by a connecting shaft or shafts
carrying a vaned or other suitable motor wheel and a vaned or other suitable
air circulator or ventilating wheel and mounted in anti-friction bearings in
a carrying tube adapted to be supported by the carriage parts with the motor
wheel externally of the carriage and adapted to be driven by any external
current of air and the air circulator or ventilating wheel internally of the
carriage and adapted to be driven by the motor wheel, substantially as herein-
before described.
D
051 Ja of Santambar 1800
DAY, DAVIES, & HUNT,
Chartered Patent Agents, 321, High Holborn, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.