IMPROVEMENTS IN LIGHTING AND HEATING, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Edward Mines, of Cheltenham, in the
County of Gloucester, Engineer, for the Invention of “IMPROVEMENTS
33
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Edward Mines
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 28th April 1871.
I, HENRY EDWARD MINES, of Cheltenham, in the County of Glou-
cester, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LIGHTING AND HEATING, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREFOR," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, to apparatus to be used in connection with gas
and other lamps and gas stoves for the purpose of improving the light
and increasing the heat, and consists in the employment of a double
chimney or a chimney and globe surrounding the flame in combination
with a peculiar hood or cap fitted on to the top of the inner chimney
itself. In order to increase the whiteness of the flame and prevent the

page_text: formation of smoke the lower mouth or inlet to the outer chimney or
globe is or may be perforated or left solid as preferred, whilst the upper
mouth or inlet thereto is left open. The lower end of the inner chimney
is also left open, whilst its upper end is partially closed by means of a
peculiar shaped conical cap having a contracted mouth of about one-
third less diameter than that of the chimney, and an expanded or
widened base of. about double the diameter of the chimney. This cap
may be either fitted on to the chimney or formed in one therewith. A
portion of the air for supporting combustion passes down between the
inner and outer chimneys, and a portion passes up through the per-
forated bottom of the outer chimney, if a perforated bottom be
employed, and becomes highly heated, and in this heated condition it
impinges against and mingles with the flame, thereby greatly improving
the combustion and increasing the light and beat.
In applying this Invention to a gas stove the chimneys may be made
of sheet iron, and the caps of the same material, the stove being
provided either with a single burner or with several burners, but each
burner must have a pair of chimneys and cap of its own. These
burners may be of any of the well-known forms now in usc, but for
lighting purposes I prefer to use the argand burner, whether supplied
with gas or oil..
.
In constructing a gas stove according to my Invention I prefer to
arrange the separate burners in a circle with the upper capped ends of
the several chimneys opening into an air chamber which receives pure
air from an air pipe situate in the centre of the circle of burners and
connected at its lower end with a stand or base plate provided with feet,
under which stand the air passes to and up the air pipe and enters the air
chamber, where it becomes highly heated. In this heated condition it
passes up by other connecting pipes into a second or dispersing chamber,
which is perforated in order to distribute it uniformly through the apart-
ment to be warmed. By the employment of the several tubes and
chimneys above referred to a considerable heating surface is obtained,
and consequently a large radiation of heat from the surface of the stove
itself is effected in addition to the heating of the fresh air which is
continually passing thro' the stove.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Edward Mines in the Great Seal Patent.
Office on the 28th October 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
EDWARD MINES, of Cheltenham, in the County of Gloucester, Engincer,.
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-.
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Henry Edward Mines, Her special license.
that I, the said Henry Edward Mines, my executors, administrators,.
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry Edward Mines, my.
executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during tho
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercisc,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LIGHTING AND HEATING AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Henry Edward Mines, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters.
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Edward Mines,. do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and.
by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to
say):-
:-
My said Invention relates to apparatus to be used in connection with
gas and other lamps and gas stoves, for the purpose of improving the
light and increasing the heat, and consists in the employment of a
double chimney or a chimney and globe surrounding the flame, in
combination with a peculiar hood or cap. fitted into the top of the:

page_text: inner chimney itself in order to increase the whiteness of the flame, and
prevent the formation of smoke. The lower mouth or inlet to the
outer chimney or globe is or may be perfectly closed or perforated as
preferred, whilst the upper mouth or inlet thereto is left open. The
lower end of the inner chimney is also left open, whilst its upper end
is partially closed by means of a peculiar shaped conical cap, having a
contracted mouth or top of about one-third less diameter than that of
the chimney, and an expanded or widened base of about double the
diameter of the chimney, but I do not confine myself to these dimen-
sions. This cap may be either fitted on to the chimney or formed in
one therewith. The whole or a portion of the air for supporting
combustion passes down between the inner and outer chimneys, and
when the perforated bottom is used a portion passes up through the
perforated bottom of the outer chimney, and becomes highly heated,
and in this heated condition it impinges against and mingles with the
flame, thereby greatly improving the combustion, and increasing the
light and heat.
In applying this Invention to a gas stove the chimneys may be made
of sheet or cast iron or other metal, and the caps of the same material,
the stove being provided either with a single annular burner or with
several burners, cach burner, when several separate burners are used,
having a pair of chimneys and cap of its own. These burners may be
of any of the well known forms now in use, but for gas lamps and stoves
I prefer to use the argand burner.
In constructing a gas stove according to my Invention I prefer to
arrange the separate burners in a circle with the upper capped ends of
the several chimneys opening into an air chamber, which may, if found
desirable, receive fresh air from an air pipe situate in the centre of the
circle of burners, and connected at its lower end with a stand or base
plate provided with feet, under which base plate the air may pass.to and
up the air pipe, and enter the air chamber, where it becomes highly
heated. In this heated condition it passes up by other connecting pipes
into a second or dispersing chamber, which is perforated in order to
distribute it uniformly through the apartment to be warmed. If
required a pipe to carry off the effluvium may be attached to the upper
chamber.
By the employment of the several tubes and chimneys above referred
to a considerable extent of radiating surface is obtained and conse-

page_text: quently a large radiation of heat from the surface of the stove itself
is effected in addition to the heating of the fresh air which is continually
passing through the stove.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood I
shall now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that
purpose shall refer to the several Figures on the annexed Sheet of
Drawings, the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts
in all the Figures.
Figure 1 represents a vertical section of an arrangement of glasses
for an argand gas or oil burner fitted with my peculiar light improving
cap; a is an ordinary burner; b, the usual chimney and mount; c, an
outer chimney surrounding the inner chimney, and supported by the
plate d, screwed or otherwise attached to the gas supply pipe e, this
plate being either solid as shewn at d¹ on one side, or, which I prefer,
perforated as shewn at d on the opposite side. The air for supporting
combustion passes down between the outer and inner chimney and
impinges on the light at the open bottom of the inner chimney b, and
when a perforated bottom is used, a portion of the air passes up through
the perforations at d. I lay no claim, however, to the combination of
an inner and outer chimney, nor to the admission of the air downwards,
between the two chimnies from the open mouth of the outer chimney,
the essential feature of my Invention being the application and use of
the peculiar cap or hood f, which on being adjusted on the top of the
inner chimney greatly increases the amount of light by reducing the
redness of the flame, and rendering the process of combustion so perfect
as to prevent the formation of smoke. This cap may be constructed of
various forms (see Figures 2 and 3), and still retain its main or essential
features which are the contraction of the orifice at the top or mouth g,
of the cap and the expanding the base h, of the cap so as to impart a
conical formation thereto. A small projecting lip i may be formed in
the cap for the convenience of fitting it on to the top of the chimney
as shewn clearly in Figure 1, the said lip i being made to fit either the
interior or exterior of the chimney, as preferred. These caps may be
made of various materials, such as all kinds of sheet or cast metal
capable of withstanding heat, or of porcelain or glass, and may be made
in one with the chimney itself if preferred, as shewn in Figure 4. In
some cases the outer chimney or glass c, may be so formed as to conceal
more or less of the cap or hood f, as shown in Figure 5, which represents.

page_text: the application of my Invention to the ordinary argand burner of an
oil lamp. The lower mouth of the outer chimney c may be closed
or partially closed, either by a solid or a perforated plate as herein-
before set forth, but I prefer to make this plate perforated, as shewn in
Figure 5.
Figure 6 represents a sectional elevation of my improved gas stove in
which the peculiarly shaped cap or hood fis also applied for the purpose
of improving the combustion and preventing smoke, and Figure 7 is a
-horizontal section taken along the line 1-2 in Figure 6. .
A is the base or stand of the stove supported on the feet B to allow of
the air passing freely under the bottom of the stove and up the central
air pipe C. This pipe is surrounded by a number of gas burners a, a.
(I have shewn four ordinary argand burners in the Drawings, each
burner being fitted into an annular pipe e, although other forms of
burners and mode of fixing them may be adopted.) The burners pass
upwards through the base plate A, which may form the bottom of the
outer metallic chimney c. b is the inner chimney, also of metal, and
fixed to the burner in any convenient manner, or secured to the bottom
plate of the heating chamber D if preferred, it being in that case
suspended centrally over the burner (as shewn in Figure 6) with its
lower open mouth a little above the closed bottom of the outer chimney c
in order to allow the air which becomes heated by passing downwards
between the metal chimnies c and 6 to gain access to the flame, whence
it passes along with the products of combustion up the inner chimney b
and through the peculiar conical hoods or caps f, f, which are fitted on
to or formed in one with the upper end of each of the inner chimnies,
the said caps preventing the formation of smoke. The hot air and
products of combustion ascend from the heating chamber D by the
pipes E, E, which open into the perforated distributing or dispersing
chamber F forming the top of the stove.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that what I consider
to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured
to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First. The application to the chimnies employed in gas or other lamps
of the peculiar shaped conical cap or hood herein-before described for the
purpose specified.

page_text: Secondly. The combination of the said cap or hood with double
chimnies and with a solid or perforated bottom plate, so that the whole
or a portion only of the air can be admitted through the annular space
between the inner and outer chimnies, as herein-before described.
Thirdly. The application of double or inner and outer chimnies com-
bined with my peculiar conical cap or hood to gas stoves, substantially
Fourthly. The peculiar construction and arrangement of gas stove
as herein-before described and illustrated by Figures 6 and 7 of my
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Edward Mines, have to this
my Specification set my hand and scal, the Twenty-sixth day of
October One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.
HENRY EDWARD MINES. (L.S.)