Improvements relating to Lamps.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 14th May, 1890
Complete Specification Left, 16th Feb., 1891-Accepted, 21st Mar., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to Lamps.
I, HARRY DARWIN, of 15, Princess Street, Pollokshields, Glasgow, North
Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to lamps and has for its objects ;
1st. To make them of service as mediums for heating as well as lighting; and
2nd. To adapt them for generating the gas which they consume.
In carrying out this invention I enclose the burner of my lamp within a glass
globe (or glass chamber) and surmount it with another chamber containing a
grated or tubular vessel which can be utilised for heating air or water--more
especially for the purpose of warming railway carriages and other vehicles.
My invention contains a combination of provisions, for rendering possible the
use of paraffin and petroleum (or other highly inflammable) oils within the said
lamps for lighting and warming carriages.
The said volatile oil being stored in a suitable vessel which is removed from
possible contact with the heat and conveyed down to the wick by means of a
service pipe. This pipe is made with a cross (or T) piece which (T piece) has
contact only with a wick of cotton (asbestos or other suitable material) so that
the heated metal which surrounds the burning end of the wick may not have
contact with the fluid oil within the said service pipe.
I also combine with my lamp a gas generator for it. By conveying the exhaust
flue which carries off the heat and waste products from the light within the lamp
through the paraffin or other volatile oil which is stored in a suitable vessel·
combined with the lamp I reduce the fluid oil therein to a highly inflammable gas.
The gas which is generated by the heat thus imparted to the said oil is conveyed
to the burner and controlled there by any suitable stop cock.
I sometimes make the mineral-oil-gas-generator for combination with my lamp
of a chamber filled with partitions (fitted in slides and) each covered with cotton
wick or other porous or absorbent material soaked in the volatile oil and with or
without the exhaust flue, before named, passing through it.
Hot air is conveyed into the flame chamber of my lamp when in use for
regenerative purposes.
Fatty oils, coal gas, mineral oils or mineral oil gas may be used as the lighting
medium within my lamp..
For warming railway and other carriages a circulation of hot water or air-
through pipes is obtained from the before named grated or tubular vessel.
I also make and combine with my lamp a (mineral oil) gas generator without
the aid of the hot air exhaust pipe above named. This is effected by forcing a
current of air-either cold or hot-into the vessel containing the aforesaid oil;
which current-once applied-has the effect of forcing the volatile fumes or gas
arising from the fluid oil (through a connecting pipe) to the burner. The change
of the fluid oil into gas is effected therein by rapid evaporation and the means
employed for this purpose are absorbent fins composed of or covered with soft
porous substances depending from the upper part of the oil vessel or extending from
the lower to the upper part of it, so that the oil is induced to flow up the said
porous gills or fins above its natural level and present a large evaporating surface
above the level of the fluid.

page_text: The hot air or hot water generator for combination with my lamp may be either
one or more coils of piping, a chamber with tubular flues through it or of any
suitable form.
Dated this 12th day of Mate 1800
JOSEPH
LOCKWOOD,
Argyle Street, Glasgow, Agent for the Inventor.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to Lamps.
I, HARRY DARWIN, of 618, Eglinton Street, Glasgow, late of No. 15, Princess
Street, Pollokshields, Glasgow, North Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to lamps and has for its objects:
1st. To make them of service as mediums for heating as well as lighting; and
2nd. To adapt them for generating the gas which they consume.
In carrying out this invention I enclose the burner of my lamp within a glass
screen or covering of suitable form and surmount it with another covering in the
nature of a chamber for enclosing a grated or tubular vessel, or appliance which
can be utilized for heating air-more especially for the purpose of warming railway
carriages and other vehicles.
Fatty oils, coal gas, mineral oils or mineral oil gas may be used as the lighting
medium within my lamp.
My invention consists of a combination of provisions and mechanism for
rendering possible the use of paraffin and petroleum (or other highly inflammable
fluids and) oils within the said lamps for lighting and warming carriages.
The said volatile oil or fluid is stored in a suitable vessel which is removed from
possible contact with the heat of the lamp and conveyed down to the "wick" by
means of a service pipe.
I also combine with my lamp a gas generator for it; by forcing a current of
air-either cold or hot-into the vessel containing the fluid or oil, which current,
once applied, has the effect of forcing the volatile fumes or gas arising from the
fluid, through a connecting service pipe, to the burner. The change of the said
fluid into gas being effected by rapid evaporation and the means employed for
producing this result quickly, are absorbent fins or sections, composed of, or covered
with, a soft porous substance depending from the upper part of the fluid or oil
vessel, or extending from the lower to the upper part of it: so that the fluid or
oil is induced to flow up into the said porous gills or fins above its natural level
and present a large evaporating surface above the level of the fluid.
I make the said gas generator with the addition of a hot flue passing through it
when required.
The hot air generator for combination with my lamp may be either one or more
coils of piping, a chamber with tubular flues through it, or a vessel of any other
suitable form.
For warming railway carriages and other vehicles a circulation of hot air,
through pipes, is obtained from the grated or tubular vessel before named.
Hot air is conveyed into the flame chamber of my lamp, when lighted, for
regenerative purposes.
In order that my invention may be more clearly understood and more easily
carried into effect I have prepared the accompanying drawings in which:
Fig. 1, is an external view in elevation of my improved lamp;
Fig. 2, is an internal view, in section, of my improved lamp;
Fig. 3, is a fragmentary view, shewing part of my improved lamp.
Similar letters of reference, and numerals, are employed throughout these
illustrations to indicate corresponding parts.

page_text: The accompanying drawings represent a form of lamp which is designed and
adapted for being fitted into the roof of a railway carriage.
On referring to Figures 1 and 3 of the said drawings it will be seen that the
lamp can be removed from the carriage and opened for lighting and other purposes;
A, represents the timber roof of a carriage; B, a frame on the underside of the
roof; C, a glass shade; D, its enclosing frame; E, the burner; F, the chimney;
G, G, G², pure air chambers; H, pure air cowls or inlets; J, pure air outlet ;
K, an annular fluid or oil vessel; L, tubes for conveying paraffin or other fluid to
the burner E; M, an air tube inside of carriage; N, O, and P, are external
covers; Q, a lifting ring, and R, a short neck for filling the vessel K; S, is a
plate dividing the air chamber, T, from the flame chamber within the glass
shade C.
When applying my improved lamp, constructed as shewn in the said drawings,
to a railway carriage, I cut a hole of suitable shape (usually round) in the roof A,
and attach the frame, B, to the under side of it as shewn in Figure 2.
The glass
shade, C, is fitted into the frame D, and a reflector, marked d³, is fitted within it,
the said frame is sometimes made with irregularities d at its line of union with d²
for the purpose of admitting air into the chamber T, in addition to perforations
such as those marked do, for admitting air to feed the flame, d³ at e², Figure 2.
The burner, E, is constructed so as to adapt it for use with fluid illuminants as
before described and is fed therewith through service pipes, marked L, which
contain absorbent wick material, and communicate with the fluid reservoir K.
In preparing the lamp, constructed as above described and shewn, for use, the
burner E, is fitted with a wick composed of asbestos, silicate of cotton or other
non-combustible material and the tubes, L, are also furnished with wicks, 1, 2 of
any suitable material, which extend within the vessel K, and syphon the paraffin
or other fluid (which is filled into the vessel at R) down to the wick contained
within the burner E. Cold air is led into the chamber marked T, through the
slits d or other apertures, which air current serves to keep the tubes L always
cool, and feeds the flame d, becoming heated in its passage to the flame by contact
with the outside of the lining, 72, as it is compelled to pass through perforations, ƒ³,
Figure 3, in the lower part of the tube F, before it can find exit at f* and thence
into the chimney.
For convenience, when lighting the lamp, and other purposes, the frame D is
hinged to the part above it which is marked d2 Figure 3 and is made so that it
can be easily opened when it is lifted from its supporting frame B, Figure 2.
The chimney, F, has an open top protected by a cover marked N, and is
encircled with a series of pure air chambers, inner and outer ones, each communi-
cating with the one adjoining it, cold air being forced into the one marked G,
which is furthest removed from the chimney F.
When the said lamp is lighted, the heat which ascends from the flame fills the
chimney F, and heats its framework to an intense degree, whilst the motion of the
vehicle induces a current of air to enter the cowl or trumpet mouth H, and pass
through the chambers G, G' and G2 until it finds exit at J, and thence into the
vehicle by means of a tube M.
The power required to force a current of air through the said chambers into
the channel M may be obtained in various ways, assisted by one or more cowls or
trumpet mouthed pipes, such as shewn, also beneath or in some other part of the
carriage and connected with the lamp, such cowls acting as hoppers to collect and
convey the air into the heating chambers, whence it is forced through the lamp
by means of the velocity with which the vehicle is propelled; or, the necessary
wind pressure may be produced by means of one or more blast fans or bellows,
operated by the motion of the vehicle and suitably connected with each lamp.
It is intended that this lamp shall be kept burning by day as well as night in
cold weather; a simple valve arrangement is fitted within the carriage so that if
its atmosphere becomes oppressively hot the heated current may be discharged
outside the carriage instead of within it.

page_text: When the lamp is not lighted it may be employed and operated somewhat as
above described for the purpose of delivering a gentle current of pure cold air
within the carriage.
The various arrows upon the drawings indicate directions of the several air
currents, hot and cold.
When the trumpet mouthed hoods or cowls, marked H, are used as before
described, two or more of them may be combined with cach lamp, so that the
lamps may not require to be lifted and reversed within railway carriages when
they are successively required to travel in opposite directions.
If coal (or other) gas is employed as the illuminant within my improved lamp,
the vessel K, may not always be required and the burner is altered in its dimen-
sions and pattern; and when fluid illuminants of any kind are used therein and it
is not desired to employ syphoning wicks, such as 1 and 2, to convey the fluid to
the non-combustible wick, one or more tubes are employed to convey the fluid
from the lower part of the vessel K to the burner E, the supply of fluid being
controlled by means of any simple kind of valve mechanism.
The vessel K can be made any required size and fitted with porous partitions
for absorbing and evaporating volatile oils and other inflammable fluids in order to
supply the burner of my improved lamp with oil gas or volatilised fluids as before
named.
As the conditions of dry or wet weather, snow, dust, and ashes from locomotive
engines; also more or less favourable climates and other circumstances require to
be taken into account when considering and selecting the best means for obtaining
the required wind pressure within the chambers of my improved lamp, I do not
propose to limit myself to any one particular method for obtaining it but purpose
availing myself of that which is best suited to the individual circumstances of each
case in which the lamp is used for the purposes specified herein, provided only
that the methods and means which I employ are comprehended within the limits
herein prescribed.
Numerous modifications in the form and construction of the improved lamp here
shewn may be made when carrying out my invention without departing from its
essential nature or constituents, namely the combination, in a lamp, of mechanism
for lighting and heating vehicles and other places as before described.
I am aware that lamps for railway carriage (and other) roofs have been made,
wherewith were combined annular vessels for holding oils or fluid illuminants,
annular, disc, and vertical wicks, composed of cotton, asbestos, and other combustible
and non-combustible materials, singly or together, also mechanism for enabling
paraffin and other highly inflammable fluids to be burned therein with safety, and in
which the burner was framed within deflecting mechanism in order to supply the flame
with heated air currents for regenerative purposes, similarly to that which is shewn
herein; it will therefore be understood that I do not claim such mechanism and
purposes broadly as my invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
First. A lamp constructed and operated all substantially as herein described an'
shewn, or any mere modification thereof, for the purposes specified.
Second. In a lamp the combination therewith of mechanism for obtaining there-
from a current of pure air, either hot or cold, all substantially as herein described
and shewn or any mere modification thereof, for the purposes specified.
Dated this 13th dex of February 1891
JOSEPH LOCKWOOD,
263, Argyle Street, Glasgow, Agent for the Inventor.
JOSEPH
LOCKWOOD,
263, Argyle Street, Glasgow, Agent for the Inventor.