IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES OR APPARATUS FOR BRUSHING
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edwin Gillard Camp, of the City of Bristol, Hair-
dresser, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES OR APPARATUS
FOR BRUSHING."
Sealed the 5th September 1862, and dated the 11th March 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edwin Gillard Camp at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
March 1862.
I, EDWIN GILLARD CAMP, of the City of Bristol, Hairdresser, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES OR
APPARATUS FOR BRUSHING," to be as follows:-
My apparatus for brushing is designed for brushing the human hair in a
new and improved manner, and is intended especially for the use of hairdressers.
The apparatus consists of a shaft with a loose handle at each end, a fixed
pulley for receiving motion, and a drum on which the brushes are mounted.
In the manufacture of my brushes I take the materials now usually employed
for that purpose, viz., bristles, split whalebone, and metal wires; when metal
wires, I magnetize them or not while in use. For the purpose of causing my
brushes to rotate I drive them by a belt passed round the pulley on my brush-
ing apparatus, and round fast-and-loose pulleys driven by hand, or by steam or
other power. To use the brush I hold the apparatus steadily with both hands
and direct it to any and all parts of the hair in whatever position the head

page_text: may be held, the brush being made to rotate all the time. For the convenience
of washing, I fasten the brushes to the drum by springs, which admit of their
being removed; the drum itself is not fixed to the shaft but slides off and on,
and is carried round by a lock and key adjustment.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed,
by the said Edwin Gillard Camp in the Great Seal Patent Office, on the
11th September 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWIN
GILLARD CAMP, of the City of Bristol, Hairdresser, send-greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh-day- of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Edwin Gillard Camp; Her special licence that I, the said Edwin Gillard
Camp, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Edwin Gillard Camp, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at, any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BRUSHES OR APPARATUS FOR BRUSHING," upon the "condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Edwin Gillard Camp, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said.Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edwin Gillard Camp, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, that
is to say:-
My apparatus for brushing is specially designed for brushing the human
hair in a new and improved manner, and is intended especially for the use of
hairdressers, but is also applicable for use in baths as a skin brush.
The apparatus consists of a shaft with a loose handle at each end; a fixed

page_text: pulley for receiving motion; and a drum on which the brushes are mounted.
In the manufacture of my brushes I take the materials now usually employed
for that purpose, viz., bristles, split whalebone, and metal wires; when metal
wires, I magnetize them or not while in use. For the purpose of causing my
brushes to rotate I drive them by a belt passed round the pulley on my brush-
ing apparatus, and round fast-and-loose pulleys driven by hand, or by steam or
other power. To use the brush I hold the apparatus steadily with both hands
and direct it to any and all parts of the hair in whatever position the head
may be held, the brush being made to rotate all the time. For the convenience
of washing, I fasten the brushes to the drum by springs, which admit of their
being removed; the drum itself is not fixed to the shaft but slides off and on,
and is carried round by a lock and key adjustment.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a view of an apparatus con-
structed according to my Invention ready for use. a is the spindle by
preference about two feet long, having a loose handle b, on each end; c is a
grooved pulley fixed on the spindle a, having motion communicated to it by an
elastic belt d which passes over fast-and-loose pulleys not shewn. The brush
or brushes can be removed from the spindle when desired, as shewn at
Figure 2. The materials of which the brushes are composed are inserted in
and fixed to a stock or stocks made of metal, wood, leather, india-rubber, or
other suitable material or materials. I prefer to make small brushes, say
about six inches outside diameter, as one circular brush of bristles, split whale-
boue, or other materials fixed round the central drum, as shewn at Figures 1
and 2, but in some cases I make my brushes in several parts, each part forming
a segment of a circle, and I attach them by springs to a drum as shewn in
Figure 3. When I employ metal wires in the construction of my brushes
I connect them or not when in use with a galvanic battery or other apparatus
for generating electric currents. The brush is caused to revolve with the
spindle by a lock adjustment consisting of a square boss fitting into a square
hole in the brush, or by any other suitable locking arrangement. To change the
brushes I lift off the apparatus from the elastic belt, slide off one brush as
shewn in Figure 2, and slide on another. To use the brush I hold the apparatus
steadily by both handles, draw it down to the required level which the elasticity
of the belt allows of, and proceed to pass the brush up and down, round and
about the head or body in whatever position it may be placed, the brush being
made to rotate all the time.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim as my "Improve-
ments in Brushes or Apparatus for Brushing." the construction and employment

page_text: of circular brushes, whether magnetized or not, for brushing the human hair
and skin, made to act substantially in manner herein-before described and
illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edwin Gillard Camp, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Sixth day of September, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-two.
EDWIN G. CAMP. (L.S.)