A Fuel Economizer for Ranges and Kitoneners.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Oct., 1894,
Complete Specification Left, 15th Aug., 1895 Accepted, 21st Sept., 1892.
A Fuel Economizer for Ranges and Kitoneners.
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I, JOHN PEIROE HARDING, of 13, Northampton Park, Canonbury, London, N..
Examining Officer of Customs, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:—
I..
My invention relates to a fuel economizer for kitchen ranges or kitcheners, by
means whereof the consumption of fuel is reduced, more perfect combustion
ensured, and the formation of smoke, and the deposit of soot in the flues aud
chimney, are greatly reduced..
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137
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This fuel economizer consists of a fire basket of particular construction adapted
to stand within the fire chamber of an ordinary range or kitchener, so as to restrict
the capacity of tlic firo space and hold the fuel, which is wholly contained within
the economizer, in such manner, and provide such access of air, as to promote
perfect combustion. The economizer consists of a frame formed by two side
cheeks connected by a sloping back-piece, and of a 'removable set of bars forming
the fire basket constructed and fitted in the following manner': 'The bars are
Somewhat U-shaped and are set in vertical planes" side by side so that each bar
extends down the front under the bottom and partly up the back of the fire basket,
the front members being vertical and the back members inclined in an upward and
backward direction at an angle of, say, about forty-five degrees corresponding to
the angle of inclination of the back plate of the frame of which the bars forin a
continuation. At the upper ends the front members are connected to a cross-bar
the ends of which are adapted to be interlocked with the side cheeks of the frame
and the upper ends of the, rear members are similarly connected to a cross bar
whose ends are also adapted to be seated in and interlocked with the side cheeks,
the U-shaped and cross bars being all cast together in one so as to be inserted and
removed as a whole. The feet on which the side cheeks stand are slightly lower
than the bottom of the fire basket proper so that there is a clear space beneath
the latter and free admission of air between the fire bars at the front, bottom, and
back of the fire whereby perfect combustion is ensured
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'When this economizer is used, the ordinary horizontal fire bars of the range
would not be required but if necessary removable bars or filling pieces are
provided to close the front of the fire place between the front top cross bar of the
economizer and the top plate of the range or kitchener so as to prevent the access
of air above the fuel. In the case of a range having a saddle-back or other boiler
at the back of the 'fire place with a fine beneath it, provision would be made for
leading the hot gases, down behind the economizer to the boiler flue.
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page_text: A Fuel Economizer for Ranges and Kitcheners.
I, JOHN PEIRCE HARDING, of 13, Northampton Park, Canonbury, London, N.
Examining Officer of Customs, do hereby declare the nature of this invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to a fuel economizer for kitcheners and ranges by means
whereof more perfect combustion is ensured whilst the consumption of fuel, the
formation of smoke, and the deposit of soot in the flues and chimney, are greatly
reduced.
The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, forming part of this
Specification, wherein Figure 1 is a front elevation of the economizer and
Figure 2 is a cross-section from front to back, shewing the economizer in position
in a kitchener.
This fuel economizer consists of a fire basket of the particular construction
hereafter described, adapted to stand within the fire chamber of an ordinary
kitchener or range. The fire basket is constructed of two side cheeks A connected
by, or cast in one with, a sloping back-plate B and of a removable set of bars C
constructed and fitted in the following manner :- The bars are of approximately
U form when viewed sideways, and are set in vertical planes side by side, each bar
extending down the front and under the bottom of the fire basket, their rear ends
meeting the lower edge of the sloping back plate B and forming a continuation of
its surface. The front ends of the bars are connected to a cross-bar D, the
projecting ends d of which are adapted to be interlocked with, or to rest in
inclined notches d' in the sido cheeks A and the rear ends of the bars C are
similarly connected to a cross-bar E whose ends e are seated on inclined lugs e¹
formed on the inner faces of the side cheeks A, all the bars being cast together in
one so as to be inserted and removed as a whole, the rearward inclination of the
surfaces on which the ends d and e rest ensuring that the removable basket will
be held in place by its own weight. The side cheeks A extend slightly below the
bottom part of the basket so that there is a clear space beneath the latter and free
admission of air to the fuel not only at the front but also at the bottom and
back of the fire so far as the curved bars extend whereby perfect combustion is
ensured.
When this economizer is placed in the fire-place of the range or kitchener, the
ordinary horizontal fire bars are removed and the intervals between the ends A of
the economizer and the cheeks of the range are luted with fireclay whilst the
aperture between the front top cross-bar D of the economizer and the top plate of
the kitchener is closed by the ordinary door F, or by a suitable filling piece, so as
to prevent the direct access.of air above the fuel. In the case (indicated in the
drawings) of a range having a boiler at the back of the fireplace with a flue
beneath it, a flue space G would be left, as shewn, for leading the hot gases from
the top of the fire down behind the economizer to the boiler flue. As in this case
it is necessary to prevent the admission of cold air direct to the boiler flue, the
back plate B is continued by means of the curtain II (whose inclination is opposite
to that of tlie plate B) downwards to the bottom of the side cheeks A, so as to
entirely cut off the boiler flue from the outer atmosphere whilst leaving a clear
space in front for the admission of air to the fuel. The effect of the sloping of the
back plate B and the continuation of the slope in the rear ends of the fire bars C
is to make the grate self-feeding, that is to say the upper stratum of fuel as the
lower stratum becomes consumed sinks gradually by its own weight to the level at
which combustion takes place. The wedge shape given to the fire space by the
inclination of the back plate B and rear ends of the fire bars C also materially

page_text: reduces the volume of fuel actually in process of combustion at any given moment,
whilst by exposing this volume to a large air surface it ensures the combustion of
the mass being completely effected and minimizes the production of smoke and the
consequent fouling of the flues and chimney.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
The berein described fuel economizer, being a fire basket constructed as herein
specified and adapted to be fitted within the fireplace of a kitchener or range, as
and for the purpose herein specified.
Dated this 15th day of August 1895
A. M. & WM. CLARK,
53 Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agents.