IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST-IRON PIPES AND SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Walker, Engineer, and John Wharrie,
Foreman Ironfounder, both of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST-IRON PIPES AND SIMILAR ARTICLES."
Sealed the 25th September 1868, and dated the 30th March 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Walker and
John Wharrie at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition on the 30th March 1868.
We, JAMES WALKER, Engineer, and JoпN WHARRIE, Foreman
Ironfounder, both of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST-IRON PIPES AND SIMILAR ARTICLES,"
to be as follows:---
This Invention relates to the manufacture of cast-iron pipes and
similar articles, and it comprises arrangements admitting of dry sand
being used as the coating material for the cores instead of the com-
paratively expensive loam and hay bands generally employed. The
Invention also comprises improved apparatus for shaping the surfaces
of the mould and core at the faucet when the pipe is to be cast with
the faucet downwards.
The first part of the Invention consists in arranging screw or inclined
blades in a hopper which is made to revolve round the core bar and

page_text: to rise as the sand which is supplied to the hopper is compressed by
the action of the blades. A short length of core box or matrix arranged
at the bottom of the hopper shapes the outside of the sand coating
and rises with the hopper as the formation of the coating progresses.
The hopper is made to revolve by means of a ring of spur teeth on
its outside and with which teeth there gear two pinions at diametrically
opposite sides. The pinions are on two vertical shafts driven by bevil
gear or otherwise, and they rise up these shafts, being actuated by
means of grooves and keys. The hopper, matrix, and pinions are
supported by a platform arranged to move vertically in guides and
more or less counterbalanced by means of chains passing over pulleys
overhead to counterweights. These chains are by preference pitch
chains and the pulleys are toothed and have any convenient feed
motion applied to them whereby they are made to raise the platform
and hopper at the requisite speed.
In carrying out the second part of the Invention the external mould
is first made with its internal diameter the same at the bottom as
elsewhere, and the faucet enlargement is afterwards made by a revolving
cutter or sleeker which is attached to an arm having a centre pin
that is set in a wheel or disc adapted to the under side of the mould
box. The arm is turned by hand and cuts out the sand to the required
shape. The faucet part of the core is made separately from the rest
of the core, being rammed up by hand between an inner and outer
ring, the latter of which is in two halves so that it can be afterwards
removed. The inner ring remains to support the core having a turned
flange fitting the bottom of the mould box and being shaped so that
the upper part of the core can be adjusted accurately upon it.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said James Walker and John Wharrie in the Great
Scal Patent Office on the 29th September 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
WALKER, Engineer, and JOHN WHARRIE, Foreman Ironfounder, both
of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of March, in the year

page_text: '
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto. us, the said James Walker and John Wharrie,
Her special licence that we,,
the said James Walker and John Wharrie,
our executors, administrators,, and assigns, or such others as we, the
said James Walker and John Wharrie, our exccutors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should, and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain, and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS, FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF CAST-IRON PIPES AND SIMILAR ARTICLES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said James Walker and John Wharrie,
our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Walker and John
Wharrie, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement in writing, reference
being had to the accompanying Drawings, that is to say :-
Our said Invention relates to the manufacture of cast-iron pipes and
similar articles, and it comprises arrangements admitting of dry sand
being used as the coating material for the cores instead of the com-
paratively expensive loam and haybands generally employed. Our
said Invention also comprises improved apparatus for shaping the
surfaces of the mould and core at the faucet when the pipe is to be.
cast with the faucet downwards.
And in order that our said Invention and the manner of performing
the same may be properly understood, we have hereunto appended a
Sheet of explanatory Drawings to be herein-after referred to, and repre-
senting examples of our improved arrangements.
Figure 1 is a horizontal section, and Figure 2 is a sectional elevation
of core coating apparatus made and acting according to the first part

page_text: of our Invention, whilst Figure 3 is a plan of certain details appertaining
thereto.
This part of our Invention consists in arranging screw or inclined
blades 1 in a hopper 2, which is made to revolve round a core bar 3,
and to rise as the sand which is supplied to the hopper is gradually
compressed by the action of the blades 1. A short length of core box
or matrix 4 arranged at the bottom of the hopper 2 shapes the outside of
the sand coating and rises with the hopper as the formation of the
coating progresses. The hopper 2 is made to revolve by means of a ring
of spur teeth 5 fixed to the outside of it, and with which teeth there gear
two pinions 6 at diametrically opposite sides. The pinions 6 are loose
on two vertical shafts 7 driven as herein-after described, or in any other
convenient way, and they rise up these shafts, being actuated by means
of grooves and keys. The hopper 2, matrix 4, and pinions 6 are
supported by a platform 8 arranged to move vertically on guides 9 fixed
upon vertical standards 10, forming part of the framing of the machine,
and the platform 8 and parts carried by it are more or less counter-
balanced by means of chains 11 passing over pulleys 12 to counter-
weights 13. The matrix 4 is fitted tightly into the central part of
the platform, which is formed with a cylindrical socket to receive it,
and in which socket different matrices can be placed for different sizes
The chains 11 are pitch chains, and the pulleys 12 are toothed
and have any convenient feed motion applied to them whereby they
are made to raise the platform 8 and hopper 2 to the requisite
speed. The side standards 10 are connected at the bottom by a
bed plate 14, and at the top by a cross frame 15, provided with
bearings 16 for the upper ends of the shafts 7, and with bearings 17
for a horizontal first motion shaft 18. This first motion shaft has on it
fast and loose pulleys 19 to receive a driving belt and two bevil
wheels 20, which gear with and drive bevil pinions 21 fast on the upper
ends of the shafts 7. The first motion shaft 18 has also on it a set of
stepped pulleys 22 for transmitting motion by a belt to a horizontal
shaft 23 at a little distance, and the latter shaft has on it worms gearing
with worm wheels 24 on the shafts 25, on which are fixed the toothed
pulleys 12 that raise the platform 8.
of core.
In carrying out the second part of our Invention, the external mould,
of which the lower part is shown in vertical section in Figure 4, is first
made as at 26 with its internal diameter the same at the bottom as

page_text: elsewhere, and the faucet enlargement is afterwards made by a revolving
cutter or sleeker 27, which is attached to an arm 28 having a centre
pin 29 that is set in a wheel or disc 30 adapted to fit an opening in the
bottom plate 31 of the mould box. The arm 28 is turned by hand and
cuts out the sand to the required shape. The faucet part of the core is
made separately from the rest of the core, being rammed up by hand
between an inner ring 32 shown in vertical section in Figure 5, and an
outer ring 33, which last is in two halves, so that it can be afterwards
removed. The inner ring 32 remains to support the core, having a
turned flange 34 fitting the bottom plate 31 (Figure 4), of the mould
box, and being shaped so that the upper part of the core can be
adjusted accurately upon it.
Having thus particularly described our said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, we have to state that we do not
restrict ourselves to the precise details herein described or delineated,
but that what we believe to be novel and original and claim as the
Invention secured to us by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is,
1. The coating of cores with sand for the manufacture of cast-iron
pipes and similar articles by means of a revolving hopper with screw or
inclined blades, substantially as herein-before described.
And, 2. The shaping of the inverted faucet parts of the moulds and
cores by means of appliances substantially such as are herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, we, the said James Walker and John Wharrie,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-eighth day of
September, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-eight.
Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
JAMES WALKER. (L.S.)
JOHN WHARRIE. (L.S.)