matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR PRINTING LETTERS, NUMBERS, MUSICAL OR OTHER CHARACTERS, OR SIGNS ON MAPS, PLANS, SHEETS OF MUSIC PAPER, OR OTHER SIMILAR IMPRESSIONS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean David Schneiter at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
March 1862.
I, JEAN DAVID SCHNEITER, of Paris, France, Geographer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR PRINTING
LETTERS, NUMBERS, MUSICAL OR OTHER CHARACTERS, OR SIGNS ON MAPS, PLANS,
SHEETS OF MUSIC PAPER, OR OTHER SIMILAR IMPRESSIONS," to be as follows:-
By means of transfer or other suitable ink, and typographic, lithographic,
or other printing, I produce on suitable leaves, or very thin sheets of metal,
or other suitable leaves or thin sheets, series of alphabets or other characters
or signs made use of in printing, after which these printed leaves may be
etched and gummed over in the manner as usual in lithographic printing
and be kept in store till required for use; any one or more of the inked
letters or characters may be cut off from the leaves and serve as moveable
leaf metal type for composing with words or other suitable compositions,
for which purpose the said leaf metal types are glued or otherwise made to
adhere firmly with their back to a lithographic stone, a sheet of metal, or
other suitable surface, so as to allow of impressions being taken from the
said thin type at once on paper, or taking a transfer thereof on litho-
graphic stóne, sheet metal, or other suitable printing surface, or by pressing
casting, galvanoplastic, or other suitable means a sort of mould may be
obtained either from the plate with which the letters or other characters

page_text: were imprinted on the thin metal leaf, or from the moveable leaf metal types,
from which mould an impression may be made on leaf metal to be used in
the manner above explained.
The Invention is usefully applicable for printing letters, numbers, or other
characters or signs on maps, charts, plans, sheets of music paper, or other
typographic, lithographic, or other suitable impressions, besides which the
Invention offers the advantage for lithographic or other printers of not again
being obliged to keep in store so large a number of lithographic stones;
printing plates, or other expensive typographical compositions as was hitherto
the case, the above mentioned thin metal printing leaves or leaf metal type
being easily preserved for use.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF POLISHED PLATE GLASS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Sivewright at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
May 1862.
I, JAMES SIVEWRIGHT, of Ravenhead, St. Helen's, Lancashire, Plate Glass
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF POLISHED PLATE GLASS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
polished plate glass. In the manufacture of polished plate glass it is usual to
roll out the glass when in a semi-fluid state; this is done on a smooth table
and by means of a smooth roller; the glass is then annealed and afterwards
ground and polished. According to this method the grinding is a process
occupying a great length of time, because as the glass cools on the table its
surface probably on account of unequal contraction becomes very uneven.
Now my improvements in the manufacture of polished plate glass consist in
employing for rolling out the glass a table which is not smooth but has shallow
ribs on its face, or I employ a roller which in place of being smooth bas
similar projections on its surface; these projections may be either simple
bands round the roller or in the form of a spiral from end to end; these
projections indent the glass, and it results that the sheet on cooling has a
comparatively even face. The annealing, grinding, and polishing is afterwards

page_text: conducted in the ordinary way. The grinding has to be carried on until the
indentations produced in the glass by the ribs on the table or roller have been
obliterated, but this will be accomplished with much less labor than is
required to grind down the inequalities of a sheet produced on a smooth table
with a smooth roller.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER BY MACHINERY
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Evans at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd May 1862.
I, WILLIAM EVANS, of Commercial Road East, in the County of Middlesex,
Master Mariner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER BY MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
To a horizontal bar I connect at each end a rod, each of which rods is
connected to a crank on a toothed spindle, upon the axes of which fly wheels
are fixed. The toothed spindles drive toothed wheels, upon the axes of which
spindles carrying tappets are fixed. Then from the horizontal bar I suspend
a pendulum or heavy weight, and at each end of the course of the pendulum
I place a hammer or spring. The action is as follows:-I cause the horizontal
bar to rock, and set the pendulum in motion through the connecting rods; the
crank, spindles, and fly wheels, are made to revolve, and through the toothed
wheels the tappet wheels are also made to rotate, and the motions are so
calculated that upon the pendulum reaching the end of its course, first in one
direction and then in the other, the tappets release the hammers or springs,
which, falling or pressing on the pendulum, keep up its action. The motive
power is taken from the fly-wheel shafts, or from the rocking bar, or from
both.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEREOSCOPES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Russell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th July
1862.
I, SAMUEL RUSSELL, of No. 27, Shaftesbury Crescent; Pimlico, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEREOSCOPES," to be as follows:-
In constructing stereoscopes according to my Invention I make the
instrument in the form of a box of a suitable size for holding the stereoscopic
pictures, the length of the box being slightly in excess of that of the
stereoscopic picture to be used with it, and its depth slightly in excess of the
width of the pictures, so that the interior of the instrument is conveniently
used as a case to contain pictures, and there is nothing to prevent its being
entirely filled with them, the instrument is closed when out of use by a lid
sliding in grooves in its two ends or shorter sides. Against the front of the
The
box and within it a mirror is fixed and the lenses or eye pieces are mounted
in apertures in the lower part of the back thereof, and they are inclined so as
to be directed nearly towards the horizontal centre line of the mirror.
picture to be viewed is placed on a ledge at the back of the interior of the
case, and immediately over and close to the eye pieces, and it is inclined some.
what so as to bring the reflected picture perpendicular to or at right angles with
the line of sight, and to accomplish which, by my arrangement, the picture
need not form an angle of more than 16 or 17 degrees with the mirror.

page_text: The light falls directly on the picture entering at the open top of the case, and
to admit more light to the picture I make the portion of the front of the case
over the mirror, together with a small portion of each of the sides, to turn back
on hinges, and this piece, when turned back, also serves to support the picture,
its upper edge resting against it. In this manner I produce a very con-
venient and portable stereoscope and obtain besides the advantage of being
able to illuminate the picture by direct or unreflected light. In order to give
the appearance of tinting to the picturės viewed through the instrument I
sometimes make the mirror or the lenses of colored glass, or I place pieces of
colored glass in the eye pieces; it is convenient to place a disc carrying it may
be five or other number of pieces in front of each of the eye pieces, so that by
rotating the discs either of the colors may be brought opposite the eye pieces,
either the same colors may be brought opposite each eye piece, or one eye
piece may have one color brought opposite to it and the other another color,
by which means very varied effects may be produced, or a colored glass may be
placed in front of the reflector of the stereoscope used for reflecting light on to
the stereoscopic picture.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAISING SUNKEN VESSELS, AND OTHER HEAVY BODIES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Henry Le Mesurier at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
May 1862.
I, THOMAS HENRY LE MESURIER, of Saint Peter's Port, in the Island of
Guernsey, Master Plumber and Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAISING SUNKEN VESSELS, AND OTHER
HEAVY BODIES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
apparatus for raising sunken vessels and other heavy bodies, whereby the use
of valves and taps or cocks is obviated, and consists in the employment for
that purpose of one or more cylindrical or other shaped closed vessels, divided
internally so as to leave an air space or chamber at each end. The central
portion of these vessels is perforated to allow water to enter freely therein
when submerged, and is provided with a flexible or other air pipe, which
serves the purpose of allowing the escape of the air from the water space of
the cylinders whilst they are filling, and of allowing air to be forced therein
in order to expel the water when the cylinders have been properly secured to
the sunken vessel or other body. These cylinders are guided down to their
proper positions by cords, which are secured at their lower ends to iron balls
attached to lengths of chain secured to the vessel, whilst the upper ends of
the cords are supported by buoys or floats. Tubular passages are made
transversely in a vertical direction through the cylinders through which
passages the cords are passed, so that the cylinders are guided to the sunken

page_text: vessel as they descend. The tubes are made large enough to allow the balls
to pass, but so soon as they have passed through, suitable hinged catches on
the upper ends of the tubes close and prevent the cylinder from rising again,
except with the balls and chains attached to the vessel, the attachment of the
cylinders being thus self-acting. The air chambers at each end of the
cylinder serve to check the rapid descent of the cylinders and tend to keep
the cylinders horizontal. Suitable bent pipes are fitted to the lower side of
the cylinder.opening into each end of the water chambers for the purpose of
enabling the whole of the water to be forced out in case the cylinders should
be attached to the vessel in an inclined position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEERING SHIPS OR VESSELS, AND IN THE APPA- RATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Maurice at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th October
1862.
I, JOSEPH MAURICE, of No. 8, Langham Place, Regent Street, in the
County of Middlesex, Dentist, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEERING SHIPS OR VESSELS, AND IN THE APPA-
RATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR THAT PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in substituting for the ordinary rudder, or as
an auxiliary thereto, a sliding, traversing, vibrating, or partially rotating sur-
face of metal or wood, mounted or fitted so as to work within a sheath or
case, and capable of being projected into the water from the ship's sides, port
or starboard, according to the required change of the ship's course. The pro-
jection or motion of the steering apparatus should be at or about an angle of
90° with the line of keel, that is, the steering piece (or pieces if there are
two,) or the surface of iron or wood projected from the ship into the water,
may either be moved out and in horizontally, vertically, or at any inter-
mediate angle thereto, as it may be found most convenient to fit or apply the
apparatus to the ship; but the surface opposed to the water, and to the ship's
progress is intended to be at or about a right angle with the longitudinal
axis of the ship's course, and with the keel of the vessel.
The apparatus may be placed at or near the stern of the ship, amidship, or
in any othér convenient position, and the sheath or case may be inserted
wholly or partially into the ship's side or bottom, or may pass therethrough.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd September 1862.-A communication from abroad by Jean Jacques
Leopold Rousseau de Lafarge, of Paris, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS," (communicated to me from
abroad by Jean Jacques Leopold Rousseau de Lafarge, of Paris, France,) to
be as follows:-
This apparatus enables the manipulator to operate in full light upon damp
collodion, to sensitize the glass, and to finish the proof in the light. The
apparatus does not alter the negative now used, but it serves as an auxiliary
to it. In the apparatus the following characteristic elements are combined:―
The employment of two vertical and independent bath vessels arranged to
allow of the glasses being easily plunged therein; one vessel, containing the
bath of silver for sensitizing the damp collodion, may be of gutta percha,
hardened rubber, or other material having no action on the bath; the other,
containing the iron bath for developing the picture, should be of yellow or
orange colored glass, if made of any other material it should be lined with
yellow colored glass. There is a frame for holding the glasses to be exposed,
capable of being opened and closed at bottom by withdrawing or inserting
a sliding bar. There is a second frame for holding the collodionized glass in

page_text: the former frame, which second frame is styled the plunging frame because it
is used for introducing the glass into the bath vessels entering also with it; it
is insulated from the first frame, and may be passed through it; a piece of cat-
gut is attached to the plunging frame to raise and lower it into and out of
the baths.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd October
1862. A communication from abroad by John Lackland, of Calcutta,
Civil Engineer.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS," a communication from
abroad by John Lackland, of Calcutta, Civil Engineer, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved form of railway chair and construction
of joint for the rail ends, and consists in casting the upright jaw of the chair
which is on the inside of the rail separate and distinct from the plinth of the
chair, and of a wedge form. The outer jaw is cast on the plinth in the usual
manner; the upper part of the plinth on the inside of the rail is made with a
raised tablet, which acts as a butt to the wedge jaw which is inserted between
it and the rail, thereby firmly holding the rail in its position. This wedge jaw
is locked by a screw bolt passing through it and the plinth and screwing into
one oblong wrought-iron nut inserted in the under side of the plinth. When
stone block sleepers are used, the chair plinth at that part upon which the
rail rests is made to receive a cushion of lead or other suitable material, thus
preventing immediate contact between the rail and the upper part of the chair
plinth. This lead or other cushion is retained in its place by the moveable
jaw of the chair. The chair itself is secured to the stone block by the screw

page_text: bolts passing up through the stone and the plinth of the chair, and a nut
screwed on above. Where tie rods are employed, their ends may be passed
over the end of the bolts before the nut is screwed on. In using wooden
sleepers the ordinary method of securing the chair by a twisted or jagged
spike is adopted. The ends of the rails are so cut that a rectangular portion
is left in the centre of the web of one rail, and a corresponding notch in the
end of the abutting rail, so that when the two ends are brought together, a
plain rabate joint is formed, rendering it impossible to force down one rail end
below the other, and when fixed in the improved chair answer all the
purposes of the ordinary fish plates.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF ATTACHING ARMOUR PLATES TO SHIPS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th July 1862.-A communication from abroad by Thomas Shaw, of
the City and County of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, United
States of America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF ATTACHING ARMOUR
PLATES TO SHIPS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to effect a firm junction without the use of
exposed bolts between the hull and the armour plates of war ships, and at the
same time to increase the resisting power of the armour plates. To this end
the ship's bull is covered to any required extent with thin plates, which are
secured by screws or equivalent means, and are so arranged as to leave
channels between their edges; over these are laid so as to break joint other
plates, which are applied plate by plate, and by means of temporary
backing pieces kept apart from the first skin of armour plates. Between the
inner and outer plates fusible metal is run so as to form a slightly yielding
backing, which metal also fills the space between the edges of the first or
innermost skin of armour plates. The edges of the overlying lines of plates
as they are applied are kept apart by temporary filling pieces, and these spaces
are closed by strips of metal secured in position by clamping nuts. The fusible
metal is then run in between the inner and outer layer of plates, and the

page_text: plates are thus held firmly in position. The metal strips for confining the
metal may be then struck off. A third skin of plates is similarly applied,
and so on until the required thickness is obtained, which may require as many
as six or eight skins. A removeable guide piece may be applied to the top of
each plate of the second and following skins of armour plates to guide the
fusible metal to the back of such plate, and for heating the plate to ensure
the proper uniting action of the fusible metal a portable forge may be
employed, consisting of a blow pipe acting upon gas jets or other heating
medium for injecting flame on to the plate to be attached by the fusible metal.
Before applying the plates it will be desirable to coat them with the fusible
metal which will materially assist in securing a good junction of the plates.
When the plates are secured in place it will be readily understood that they
will constitute a solid covering, which covering admits of being readily
increased to any desirable thickness.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CASTING OR MOULDING GLASS AND IMITATING PRECIOUS STONES OR MARBLES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolphe Boubée at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st August
1862.
I, ADOLPHE BOUBÉE, of Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CASTING OR
MOULDING GLASS AND IMITATING PRECIOUS STONES OR MARBLES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists of apparatus for the purpose of casting glass and
mingling the same with enamel in order to form objects in glass, colored or
not, and also objects presenting the appearance of polished ornamental stone.
By means of this Invention various useful objects can be produced, such as
handles for umbrellas and walking sticks, ornaments, lamp glasses, watch glasses,
and figures. I propose to use a mould formed in two halves, which are con-
nected together by a hinge or a spring joint, in order that the molten glass
from a furnace may be poured or placed therein and compressed by a screw
or clamp so as to receive the shape of the mould. If it is desired to form the
object of various colored glass, such glass is taken from the melting pots and
mixed on a marble slab and then subjected to the pressure of the mould. If a
surface is required to represent polished stone, I grind or pulverise enamel
of the proper tint or shade, and roll the molten glass thereon, and then I mould
the same, whereby the powdered enamel is embodied with the glass and the
requisite surface is produced. For handles of sticks or umbrellas, the mould

page_text: should be furnished with a mandril passing up the centre, so that the handle
shall be moulded with a tubular aperture in the centre to receive the stick.
While the glass is in the mould the workman should roll the mould upon an
iron plate or bracket in order that the glass may become annealed. In order
to form lamp glasses and watch glasses, the mould being shaped accordingly,
I take the molten glass from the furnace by means of a hollow iron tube and
insert the mass into the mould, I then blow into the tube, whereby the glass
is expanded and forced against the circumference of the mould. I also pro-
pose to form lamp glasses having variously shaped surfaces, such, for example,
as surfaces presenting a series of hemispherical projections, or semi-oval
projections; these projections may consist of variously colored glass, or they
may receive a surface of powdered enamel by the treatment before described,
the molten material being blown by the tube while in a mould formed with
a series of hemispherical or semi-oval recesses or holes or apertures as required.
These glasses would present a very beautiful appearance, especially when illu-
minated by gas light. In some instances, where a difficult or complicated
surface is required in a figure, ornament, or glass for lamps, the mould must
be made in more than two divisions, say, three or four, in order to release the
object after casting.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR GRINDING, CRUSHING, CUTTING, CLEANING, AND HULLING OR SHELLING VARIOUS KINDS OF FARM OR VEGETABLE PRODUCE, ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE CRUSHING OR GRINDING OF MINERALS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Patterson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd December
1862.
I, JOHN PATTERSON, of Beverley, in the County of York, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR GRINDING, CRUSHING, CUTTING, CLEANING, AND HULLING OR
SHELLING VARIOUS KINDS OF FARM OR VEGETABLE PRODUCE, ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE
CRUSHING OR GRINDING OF MINERALS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of mills
or machines for grinding, crushing, cutting, cleaning, and hulling or shelling
grain and various other kinds of farm or vegetable produce, which mills or
machines are also applicable to the crushing or grinding of mineral and other
substances.
The present improvements have reference to that class of mills wherein the
surfaces between which the substances to be ground or otherwise operated
upon consist of discs placed parallel or nearly parallel to each other as in the
case of a pair of ordinary millstones. The surfaces themselves may consist of
ordinary grinding stones, or of steel or any other suitable material, but accord-
ing to this Invention in place of imparting to the "runner" a simple rotatory
motion on its axis, it is proposed to impart a compound or two-fold motion
thereto, by causing it to revolve round its own axis, whilst at the same time
such axis itself is made to describe an orbit round an imaginary axis. By this
compound motion of the "runner" a wrenching or compound action is obtained

page_text: upon the substances to be ground, or otherwise operated upon, in addition to
the effect produced by the ordinary motion of millstones or other similarly
arranged grinding surfaces. Or in lieu of imparting such compound motion to
one of the grinding surfaces, I may cause one of such surfaces to revolve in
the ordinary manner, whilst the other grinding surface is caused to move
in an orbit with or without a rotatory motion round its own axis or centre.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SLIDE VALVES FOR STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Petrie, of Rochdale, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention. of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SLIDE
VALVES FOR STEAM ENGINES."
Sealed the 19th December 1862, and dated the 28th June 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Petrie at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
June 1862.
I, JAMES PETRIE, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SLIDE VALVES FOR STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in forming the slide valves of steam engines with
cylindrical faces, so that they may be capable of turning upon centres of
motion, and this turning I effect by means of tappets or other ordinary
apparatus connected to a moving part of the engine. In addition to this
rotatory motion the valves slide as usual, but by the first described arrange-
ment the steam may be cut off at any part of the stroke.
The valves may constitute a portion or the whole of a cylinder, and in the
latter case I avail myself of the back part thereof for packing, whereby a
portion of the steam pressure is removed.
A SUSPENDER OR IMPROVED GALLERY. FOR SUPPORTING. THE SHADES. OF GAS: OR OTHER LIGHTS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Taylor and Charles Henry
Minchin at the Office of the Commissioners of. Patents, with their
Petition, on the 26th March 1862..
We, JOHN TAYLOR, Civil Engineer; and CHARLES HENRY MINCHIN,
Accountant, both of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A SUSPENDER OR
IMPROVED GALLERY. FOR SUPPORTING. THE SHADES. OF GAS: OR OTHER LIGHTS," to
be as follows:-
Instead of the three-armed gallery, as hitherto used, we make a fixing
bending a little upwards, which. fixing is screwed or otherwise fixed on the
gas fitting, so that the flame of gas issuing from the said fixing will ascend as
nearly as possible vertically, and thus avoid the danger of breaking the shade.
To this said fixing we attach in any convenient manner an elastic spring or
clip to support the globe or shade, which will hold or support it without the
aid of the ordinary thumb screws and hooks, as heretofore adopted. It is
evident that this method of supporting, the globe or shade will dispense with
the shadow caused by the ordinary gallery,. and be much more economical.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF A SUBSTITUTE FOR TURPENTINE, WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF VARNISHES AND TO PURPOSES TO WHICH TU PENTINE IS NOW ORDINARILY APPLIED
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Perkins at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th December
1862.
I, WILLIAM PERKINS, of Church Field House, Margate, in the County of
Kent, Consulting Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF A SUBSTITUTE FOR TURPENTINE, WHICH
IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF VARNISHES AND TO PURPOSES TO WHICH
TU PENTINE IS NOW ORDINARILY APPLIED," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in manufacturing a substitute for turpentine which is
not only adapted to every purpose to which ordinary turpentine is applied, but
which is especially suitable to the manufacture of varnishes. I propose to
effect the purification of amyle or fusel oil, or of the oxydes of amyle by means
of hypochloride of calcium, chromic acid, sulphuric acid, or any mixture of
them, in about equal proportions, and afterwards to effect the rectification or
distillation of the same at a temperature of not less than 270 degrees Fahrenheit
upon such bodies. I afterwards propose to make an admixture of the afore-
said amyles with their equivalent proportions of liquid hydrocarbons from
whatever source obtained. I also propose to apply such admixture as a
substitute for oil of turpentine, and also as a solvent of all gum resins used
in the manufacture of varnish. If hypochloride of lime is mixed I prefer
to mix it alone with the amyle, but if chromic acid is used, chromate of potash
is mixed with sulphuric acid so as to form sulphate of potash, and set free the
chromic acid. The distillation then takes place, the lighter portions pass over
at a temperate below 220 degrees Fahrenheit, and are separated from those

page_text: produced at 270 degrees, the one being a peroxide the other a protoxide. I
unite the amyle thus treated with liquid hydrocarbon in such proportions as
to make it analagous to the ultimate analysis of spirits of turpentine, say one
part amyle to ten parts of liquid hydrocarbon. In some cases I propose to use
other deoxidizing agents for reducing the amyle as above, such as potassium
or sodium. This substitute for turpentine will dissolve gum copal, damar,
mastic, lac, or other gums, and will form an improved varnish, the natural
texture of the gums not being destroyed by fusion, which is not necessary.
The varnishes will be elastic and capable of receiving any amount of polish,
they will also be especially applicable to photographs.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SPRINGS SUITABLE FOR LADIES' DRESSES OR CRINOLINES, AND FOR CHAIR, SOFA, AND OTHER SEATINGS, AS WELL AS FOR BEDSTEAD AND COUCH SACKINGS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Morrison at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th May
1862.
I, JOHN MORRISON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Engineer
and Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SPRINGS SUITABLE FOR LADIES' DRESSES OR
CRINOLINES, AND FOR CHAIR, SOFA, AND OTHER SEATINGS, AS WELL AS FOR BEDSTEAD
AND COUCH SACKINGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in twisting, coiling, or spinning flat strips or ribbons
of steel of any width, into a hollow archimedean screw or spiral tube, and
applying the same, when hardened and tempered, to the purposes designated
in the title.
At present, the strip or ribbon steel for crinolines is used either in a flat,
waved, or corrugated form, having elasticity only one way, viz., across its
thickness, and not across its width; and similarly, the metal or wooden strips,
hoops,
or laths used for chair and other seatings, as well as those used for
bedstead and couch sackings, are confined to only one direction of elasticity;
whereas in the improved form now proposed and specified, universal elasticity
is obtained in every direction.
In some instances, before coiling or twisting the flat strips or ribbons of
steel, I prefer to render them, by rolling or otherwise, concave or hollow across
their width on that side intended to be inside in the finished spring; this con-

page_text: cave or hollow securing the following advantages:-First, it affords increased
strength to the spring at a given gauge of thickness, or allows a lighter gauge
to be used to attain a given strength; secondly, it obviates the tendency of
the edges of the strip or ribbon of steel to curl outwards in the process of
-coiling or twisting; and, thirdly, as the edges of the strips or ribbons of steel
are thus made to point inwards in the finished spring, they cannot cut any
surrounding covering.
AN IMPROVED SELF-ADJUSTING SCREW WRENCH
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Thoma at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th August
1862.
I, JOSEPH THоMA, of Bingen, Hohenzollern, in the Kingdom of Prussia,
but at present residing at 35, Poland Street, Oxford Street, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED SELF-ADJUSTING SCREW WRENCH," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of a self-adjusting screw wrench, for the purpose of
the more readily fastening of nuts of machinery.
The part (A), as described in accompanying sketch, forms the upper jaw
of the wrench, being connected with the neck (a), which forms a guide for the
moveable lower jaw (B), which slides to and fro, being pierced to fit around
the neck (a). This neck, forming a part of the upper jaw (A), is connected
by the pin (6) to the cheeks of the handle (C), thus uniting them and forming
the action, the cheeks being shaped to act as an excentric on the lower side of
the under jaw (B). On one side of the neck (a) a small groove is worked for
the reception of the piece (D), which slides in the said groove and is connected
by the pin (d) to the moveable lower jaw (B) by means of the hole (d), and
by another pin (e) to another groove (f), which is worked in the inner side
of one of the cheeks of the handle (C), which groove is parallel to the excen-
tric outline of that check, and thus connects the parts (B) and (C). By
drawing the handle (C) towards you, the lower jaw (B) will thus be pushed

page_text: upwards by means of the excentric cheeks, until the object between the two
jaws is tightly seized, which resistance increases. The piece (D) serves as a
connection to again withdraw the lower jaw (B), and thereby release the
retention of the object detained.
The Invention claimed by the petitioner is, firstly, the excentric cheeks
connected with the handle, as above described; secondly, the excentric groove
on the inner side of the cheek in which the pin (f) moves.
A NEW IMPROVED GOVERNOR FOR STEAM ENGINES, TURBINES, WATER-WHEELS, AND OTHER MACHINERY, WITH VALVULAR ARRANGEMENTS TO REGU- LATE THE SPEED OF THE SAME
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Pieper at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd December
1862.
I, CHARLES PIEPER, Engineer, 10, Alma Place, West Gorton, near Man-
chester, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW IMPROVED GOVERNOR FOR STEAM ENGINES, TURBINES,
WATER-WHEELS, AND OTHER MACHINERY, WITH VALVULAR ARRANGEMENTS TO REGU-
LATE THE SPEED OF THE SAME," to be as follows:-
An apparatus is provided in which two suction and press pumps are worked
by a shaft with two excentrics, which by suitable means is connected with the
driving engine or motive power. These two pumps carry a continual stream
of water into a particular cylinder in which a piston is moved in proportion to
the quantity of the entering water. The piston is directly connected with two
valves, one of which is for the outlet of the water, the other valve regulates
the inlet of the steam, water, or other motors into the driving machinery.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE ELECTRIC CONDUCTORS FOR SUBMARINE TELEGRAPHS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander James Russell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
March 1862. A communication from abroad by Francis Bensa and.
Windham Charles James Anstruther, of Florence, in Italy.
I, ALEXANDER JAMES RUSSELL, of Edinburgh, in Scotland, Clerk to the
Signet, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE ELECTRIC CONDUCTORS FOR SUBMARINE TELEGRAPHS."
-A communication to him from abroad by Francis Bensa and Windham
Charles James Anstruther, of Florence, in Italy, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in twisting, coiling, or winding the conducting wires
for submarine telegraphs around the cable or core, that is, giving them the
form and direction of helical or spiral wires, instead of straight longitudinal
wires, as heretofore adopted, and I now use from one to eight or more such
twisted or coiled wires or conductors, the insulation of each being ensured by
a covering of silk, and over this I now prefer to use a covering or insulator
of gutta percha or india-rubber, and over this again a covering of hemp that
has been steeped in tar, grease, and such like substances, and over all the
external sheath, composed of small cords of hemp, or of hemp and fine steel
wire that has been steeped in grease, tar, and such like substances. By
these means the electric conductors will become yielding, and adapted to the
cable, and have many advantages over the conductors inserted according to
the old arrangement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REVOLVING BREECH- LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Sanborn at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
-
May 1862. A communication from abroad by George Gates, of
Worcester, Massachusetts, United States.
I, GEORGE HENRY SANBORN, of Boston, Massachusetts, United States, now
of No. 100, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Gentleman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REVOLVING BREECH-
LOADING FIRE-ARMS," a communication to me from abroad by George Gates,
of Worcester, Massachusetts, United States, to be as follows:-
The said improvements relate to a novel construction and arrangement of
the parts of the frame of revolving breech-loading fire-arms. The barrel is
of the ordinary construction, and may be either rifled or smooth bore. The
frame into which the barrel is screwed is of suitable dimensions to contain the
cartridge cylinder, and is fixed upon or constructed as a part of the stock or
bandle of the fire-arm.. This frame, which is made in parts, has a hinge
joint situated upon its upper side, and near the rear end of the cartridge
cylinder, and at its diagonal corner a spring catch or lock, which in connection
with the said joint firmly secures the frame. The cartridge cylinder, which
has a recess in front, revolves upon a spindle or rod fixed in the front part of
the frame, and the rear end of said cylinder fits into a chamber, which con-
stitutes a portion of the frame. In the centre of this recoil chamber is a
circular or ring-formed recess, which receives, when the frame is locked, a

page_text: projecting ratchet, by which the cylinder is revolved, and which constitutes
a part of the said cylinder. The interior of this recess is left flush with the
surface of the recoil chamber, thus forming a pin, which enters the rear end
of the cartridge cylinder to secure the same firmly during the discharges of the
pistol or gun. The ordinary means in connection with the ratchet on the
cylinder are employed for rotating the said cylinder. When the frame is
opened the cartridge or charge cylinder remains attached to and swings with
the front part of the frame and the barrel.. The hinge joint is constructed to
permit the barrel to be turned back till it points in the opposite direction,
when the rear ends of the cartridge or charge cylinder is conveniently pre-
sented for loading.
A NEW OR IMPROVED PROJECTILE FOR SMALL ARMS AND ORDNANCE OF EVERY DESCRIPTION
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Marson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd June 1862.
I, JOHN MARSON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Gun
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
NEW OR IMPROVED PROJECTILE FOR SMALL ARMS AND ORDNANCE OF EVERY
DESCRIPTION," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a projectile suitable for either smooth or rifled
bore, and from the smallest fire-arms to ordnance of the largest calibre.
These projectiles are well adapted for smooth bores, because they rotate of
themselves, by being propelled through the air; and this object is attained
by making the projectile with helical or winding passages around its axis; the
centre of the axis may be solid or concave. I prefer the cavity of the form of
the exterior, which exterior I sometimes make of a parallel or cylindrical body
and conical apex or point, the base being flat; but I do not confine myself to
this form of projectile, or to the form and number of passages through the
projectile, as their form may be square, round, oval, oblong, or any other
suitable form, so long as their corkscrew-like direction is retained; the
material is such as is usually used for small and large projectiles, their length
seems to answer best about two diameters, but may be varied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WIRE FENCES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Bedson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th January
1862.
I, GEORGE BEDSON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Manager,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WIRE FENCES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to those fences which are commonly called wire
fences, and which are constructed by straining the material between two
fixtures, such material being either a simple wire, or formed as a rope.
According to the usual method adopted, these wires or ropes are so formed,
that their section is a circle, but my Invention consists in so forming and
adapting them that their section taken vertically shall be greater than
that taken horizontally, and I therefore use flat or oval wire, either in simple
metal or combined strands.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PREPARING CORES FOR MOULDING OR SHAPING METALS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Jack at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th January
1862.
I, JAMES JACK, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD
OF PREPARING CORES FOR MOULDING OR SHAPING METALS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to supersede entirely or partially the use of
hay, straw, and other like fibrous bands and materials in the running or
making of cores for moulding and shaping metals, especially such as are
prepared for the casting of pipes, cylinders, retorts, and other like hollow
ware, by substituting cheap and effective material capable of being used a
number of times, and of a nature that will assist in drying the said cores.
For this purpose metallic or other chains are used or applied, either taking
the place of the hay, straw, or other fibrous bands entirely, or being used in
connection with a small quantity of the said fibrous materials. Perforated,
unperforated, or solid core bars or centre pieces may be used, and with any
of these the chains may be applied spirally, longitudinally, or otherwise, as
the air is equally drawn off, and the strength and thickness uniform through-
out, whilst in some cases the core bars and centre pieces might be dispensed
with. The loam is run on or pressed over the chains, and the whole dried and
finished in the ordinary manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF THE WASTE HEAT ARISING FROM COKE OVENS FOR HEATING AIR FOR BLAST FURNACES; ALSO FOR CALCINING IRONSTONE AND OTHER MINERALS, AND FOR HEATING AND SMELTING IRON
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Harding at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st March
1862.
I, JOHN HARDING, of Beeston Manor Iron and Coal Works, Leeds, in the
County of York, Engineer and Ironmaster, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF THE WASTE HEAT
ARISING FROM COKE OVENS FOR HEATING AIR FOR BLAST FURNACES; ALSO FOR
CALCINING IRONSTONE AND OTHER MINERALS, AND FOR HEATING AND SMELTING
IRON," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a mode of utilizing the spare heat of coke ovens
for the purpose of heating air for blast furnaces, calcining ironstone, and
other materials, and for heating and smelting iron.
In carrying out my Invention I cause the mouths of a group of coke ovens
to open into a flue in place of into the atmosphere, such flue leading direct
either to an ordinary calcining furnace or chamber, or to a smelting furnace
or air heater, according to the purpose for which the spare heat is intended.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WITNEYING PILED FABRICS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Campbell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd June
1862.
I, THOMAS CAMPBELL, of Leeds, in the County of York, Machinist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR WITNEYING PILED FABRICS," to be as follows:-
My Invention has reference to the well known process of "witneying "
cloths or fabrics, for which purpose it has been usual to employ rollers covered
with fine metal cards and rubbers composed of india-rubber, which being
made to move horizontally over the surface of the cloth are caused to act
thereon with sufficient pressure to produce through friction, and the conse-
quent heat evolved the desired finish on such surface. Now my Invention
consists in arranging the rubbers so as to diminish the pressure on the surface
of the cloth or fabric, which arrangement I effect by suspending the levers,
to which the rubbers are connected at such height above the surface of the
cloth that heat is not evolved through the great pressure of the rubbers, also
in applying heat through pipes or otherwise for the purpose of imparting to
the cloth or fabric the amount of heat required to facilitate the process of
"witneying," thereby obviating the present inconvenience arising from the
great pressure of the rubbers on the cloth or fabric. Also a kind of cushion
of cotton pile or other suitable material is fixed under the cloth opposite to
the operating surface of each rubber.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF SKATE
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th December 1862.- A communication from abroad by William
Henry Dutton, of Utica, in the State of New York, United States of
America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF SKATE," to be
as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to obtain a skate which will not tire or tax
the muscles of the ankle and lower part of the leg of the wearer, and which
will not be liable to slip at any angle that the foot of the skate may form with
the surface of the ice.
The Invention consists in so constructing the runner of the skate that it will
form in its transverse section a section of a circle or a curve approximating
thereto, and in providing the runner with longitudinal blades or projecting
edges to catch into the ice and prevent lateral slipping.
The Invention further consists in applying to the skate a pawl or hold-fast,
arranged on a hinge joint, so as to offer no obstruction to the progress of the
skater, but to preveut a backward movement of the skate on the ice.