Improvements in or relating to the Mounting of Window Sashes, and Means or Apparatus for Opening, Closing, and Holding the same in Place.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 31st Mar., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 13th July, 1892-Accepted, 20th Aug., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to the Mounting of Window Sashes,
and Means or Apparatus for Opening, Closing, and Holding the
same in Place.
I, PAUL SCHMAHL, of Biberach, Wurtemberg, Germany, Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
--
For opening and closing windows situated at a considerable height above the
floor level such for example as the small windows arranged above ordinary casement.
windows and which are generally arranged to partially rotate upon their lower
edges, various devices have heretofore been employed which however have
usually been situated too high to allow of their being operated by a person
standing on the floor. Furthermore, these devices are sometimes covered by
roller blinds which, before the window can be opened or closed, have to be
removed, and consequently the opening or closing of the said windows has
heretofore only been effected with difficulty.
Now this invention has for object to obviate the above mentioned drawbacks
and to enable the window to be opened either at the top or at the bottom as
desired, so that hot air can escape from the room or cold air can be admitted
thereto, or the window may be so opened that hot air may escape from and
cold air be admitted to the room simultaneously.
The device for fastening the upper window when closed, it may be either a
bolt or a latch, is located near the centre of the bottom edge of the window;
and the window is connected with the window frame in such a manner as to be
capable of both sliding and rotary movements.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figs. 1 and 2 show in front and side elevation respectively a casement window
having above it another window which is shown closed, the dotted lines in Fig. 2
indicating the positions the upper window may occupy when open.
Figs. 3 to 6 inclusive show the construction of upper window shown in Figs. 1 and 2
in various positions ;
Fig. 3 being a front elevation of the window when closed.
Fig. 4 a side elevation of the same ;
Fig. 5 a side elevation of the window open at the top and at the bottom; and
Fig. 6 a side elevation of the window open at the top only.
Figs. 7 to 20 illustrate modified arrangements hereinafter referred to.
Figs. 21 to 30 are detail views.
The upper window c (Figs. 1 to 6) is provided with a bolt a or latch a¹,
Figs. 1 and 2, and with knobs or eyes f, g, to which are attached cords ss passing
through eyes 8. A knob or hook k is fixed to the lower part of the window
frame b at one side of the casement windows c in such a position that the cords & s¹
can be readily secured thereto. The window c is connected to the frame b by
means of two rods e cranked at their ends as shown which are pivoted at each end
in bearings or sockets d and d' fixed respectively to the window c and the window
frame b; the rods e being provided at their lower ends, that is, the ends working in
the sockets d', with projections which limit the amount of rotation of the rods e.
Supposing the window c to be in the closed position, Figs. 3 and 4, if now the
cords & be released from the knob. or hook k, the bolt a or the latch a¹ having
been pushed or turned into the open position, the window c will move into the
position shown in Fig. 5, since the pivots d are located below the centre of gravity
of the window. The window may, of course, be let down by hand by means of a
knob or handle fixed to the window instead of by the cords, if desired. The window c
is prevented from shifting from the open position shown in Fig. 5 by means of the

page_text: rods e, further movement of which is prevented by the projections thereon. In
this position the window is open at the top and at the bottom, so that cold air can flow
into and hot air can escape from the apartment. If the window is to be open at
the top only as shown in Fig. 6, the window c is by means of a knob q pushed
towards the window frame, when the window will turn about the pivot d until its
lower edge rests against the window frame b in which position the window will
be opened at the top so that the hot air can escape readily from the room.
?"
8
The roller blind which usually rests with its lower rod or stick upon the upper edge
of the window c is in this case raised by the cords s s¹ in the manner shown in Fig. 2.
To shut the window, the cords are simply pulled, whereby the window c is
raised uniformly, sliding back gently beneath the roller blind, and is finally
fastened by means of the bolt a or latch a'.
$
Figs. 21 and 22 are detail views of one of the rods e showing the projections a
and the sockets d d¹.
Fig. 30 shows a modified form of the rod e and the socket therefor in which
the socket d' is partly cut away in such a manner as to limit the movement of the
said rod.
Figs. 7 to 10 inclusive which are similar views to Figs. 3 to 6 inclusive respectively
illustrate a modification of the arrangement shown in Figs. 1 to 6. In this
arrangement the rods e, Figs. 1 to 6, which connect the window in a sliding and
rotary manner with the window frame, are replaced by brackets e'; which are
fixed to the window frame b, and are formed with a slot e in which the pivot
pins on both sides of the window c can slide.
The mode of operation is similar to that described with reference to Figs. 1 to 6.
Figs. 23 and 24 show one of the brackets to a larger scale, and
Fig. 28 shows one of the pins x' formed in one with the plated by means of
which it is attached to the window c.
Figs. 11 to 14 inclusive which are respectively similar views to Figs. 3 to 6
inclusive show a further modification in which the rods e or the brackets e¹ are
replaced by struts or rods es (see Fig. 25) which are furnished at their outer ends
with nuts e and are bent at their inner ends to form hooks which engage in
sockets d formed upon plates d screwed to the window (Fig. 27).
The window frame is bored through obliquely at d³ and serves as an abutment
for each. nut et. Each of the struts or rods may be modified according to
Figs. 26 and 26 by being bent into the form of eyes e into which engage thumb
screws, Fig. 26, screwed into the socket d formed upon the plate d. If the
thumb screws be screwed out of the sockets d, the struts or rods can be
unfastened from the window c.
Figs. 15 to 18 inclusive which are respectively similar views to Figs 3 to 6
inclusive, show a further modification adapted to be applied to an existing window.
In this arrangement the window is guided at its lower part by means of two
guide plates or brackets p one of which is shown separately in Fig. 29^. These
brackets are secured to the window frame as shown, the window c being provided
on each side with a pin arranged to work in a slotted bar e pivoted at e' to
the plate secured to the window frame .
Figs. 19 and 194 are respectively a side elevation and a horizontal section of
a further modification in which a window c of the construction heretofore in use,
is guided by means of a strut or rod placed at an angle.
Instead of the two brackets p (Figs. 15 to 18) there may be employed two
slotted bars pas shown in Figs. 20 and 29, in which slide two guide pins that
project laterally from the lower edge of the window c. If the slotted bars pl
are formed with several notches as indicated in Fig. 29, the,window c can
be adjusted and. held in several positions as will be readily understood.
Dated this 31st day of March 1892
PAUL SCHMAHL,
By L. W., per F. B.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to the Mounting of Window Sashes,
and Means or Apparatus for Opening, Closing, and Holding the
same in Place.
I, PAUL SCHMAHL, of Biberach, Wurtemberg, Germany, Manufacturer, do.
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to.
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
For opening and closing windows situated at a considerable height above the
floor level such for example as the snall windows arranged above ordinary
casement windows and which are generally arranged to partially rotate upon their.
lower edges, various devices have heretofore been employed which however have
usually been situated too high to allow of their being operated by a person standing
on the floor. Furthermore, these devices are sometimes covered by roller blinds *
which, before the window can be opened or closed, have to be removed.
Consequently the opening or closing of such windows has heretofore been effected
with difficulty.
Now this invention has for object to obviate the above mentioned drawbacks and
to enable the window to be opened either at the top or at the bottom as desired,
so that hot air can escape from the room or cold air can be admitted thereto, or the
window may be opened both at top and bottom so that hot air can escape from
and cold air be admitted to the room simultaneously.
According to the invention the device for fastening the upper window when
closed, it may be either a bolt or a latch, is located near the centre of the bottom
edge of the window; and the window is connected with the window frame in such a
manner as to be capable not only of rotary movement as usual but also of a sliding
or vertical movement.
Referring to the drawings filed with my Provisional Specification,
Figs. 1 and 2 show, in front and side elevation respectively, a casement window
having above it another window which is shown closed, the dotted lines in Fig. 2/
indicating the positions the upper window may occupy when open.
Figs. 3 to 6 inclusive show the construction of upper window shown in Figs. 1
and 2 in various positions,
Fig. 3 being a front elevation of the window when closed,
Fig. 4 a side elevation of the same,
Fig. 5 a side elevation of the window open at the top and at the bottom, and
Fig. 6 a side elevation of the window open at the top only.
Figs. 7 to 20 illustrate modified arrangements hereinafter referred to.
Figs. 21 to 30 are detail views.
Referring to Figs. 1 to 6 the upper window c, which has a bolt a or latch a',
(Figs. 1 and 2), by which to fasten it when in its closed position, is provided with
knobs or eyes, y, to which are attached cords & passing through eyes. A
knob or hook is fixed to the lower part of the window frame bat one side of the
casement windows e in such a position that the cords can be readily secured
thereto. The window is connected to the frame by means of two rods e,
cranked at their ends as shown, which are pivoted at each end in bearings or
sockets & and fixed respectively to the window c and the window frame b; the
rods e being provided at their lower ends, that is, the ends working in the sockets d',
with projections which limit the amount of rotation of the rods e. Supposing the
window c to be in the closed position, Figs. 2 and 4, if now the cords be released :
from the knob or hook k, the bolt a or the latch a having been pushed or turned
into the open position, the window c will move into the position shown in Fig. 5
:
;;

page_text: since the pivots d are located below the centre of gravity of the window. The
window may, of course, be let down by hand by means of a knob or handle fixed to
the window instead of by the cords, if desired. The window c is prevented from
shifting from the open position shown in Fig. 5 by means of the rods e, further
movement of which is prevented by the projections thereon. In this position the
window is open at the top and at the bottom, so that cold air can flow into and hot
air can escape from the apartment. If the window is to be open at the top only as
shown in Fig. 6, it is, by means of a knob 9, pushed towards the window frame,
when, the window will turn about the pivot d until its lower edge rests against the
window frame b in which position the window will be opened at the top so that the
hot air can escape readily from the room. The lower end of the roller blind ",
which usually rests upon the upper edge of the window c, is in this case raised by
the cords ss in the manner shown in Fig. 2. To shut the window, the cords &
are simply pulled, whereby the window c is raised uniformly, sliding back gently
beneath the roller blind, and being finally fastened by means of the bolt a or
latch a¹.
Figs. 21 and 22 are detail views of one of the rods e showing the projection x and
the sockets d d¹.
Fig. 30 shows a modified form of the socket d¹ in which the eye carrying the
rode is partly cut away in such a manner as to limit the movement of the said rod
by the socket d¹.
Figs. 7 to 10 inclusive, which are similar views to Figs. 3 to 6, illustrate a
modification of the arrangement shown in those figures. In this arrangement the
rods e, Figs. 1 to 6, are replaced by brackets e¹, fixed to the window frame b, and
each formed with a slot e² in which a pivot pin x¹ of which there is one on each side
of the window c, can slide.
The mode of operation is similar to that described with reference to Figs. 1
to 6.
Figs. 23 and 24 show one of the brackets to a larger scale, and
Fig. 28 shows one of the pins r¹ formed in one with the plate d by means of
which it is attached to the window c.
Figs. 11 to 14 inclusive, which are similar views to Figs. 3 to 6, show a further
modification in which the rods e, or the brackets e', are replaced by struts or rods e³
(see Fig. 25) which are furnished at their outer ends with nuts e¹ and are bent at
their inner ends to form hooks which engage in sockets formed upon the
plates & screwed to the window (Fig. 27). The window frame is bored through
obliquely at d³ and serves as an abutment for each nut e.. Each of the struts or
rods may be modified according to Figs. 26 and 26 by being bent into the form
of eyes e into which engage thumb screws a³, Fig. 26^, screwed into the socket (*
formed upon the plate . If the thumb screws be screwed out of the sockets d²,
the struts or rods e³ can be unfastened from the window c.
Figs. 15 to 18 inclusive, which are similar views to Figs. 3 to 6, show a further
modification adapted to be applied to an existing window.
In this arrangement the window is guided at its lower part by means of two
guide plates or brackets p one of which is shown separately in Fig. 294. These
brackets are secured to the window frame 6 as shown, the window c being provided
on each side with a pin arranged to work in a slotted bar e pivoted at to the
plate d' secured to the window frame b.
Figs. 19 and 19 are respectively a side elevat on and a horizontal section of a
further modification in which a window c of the construction heretofore in use, is
guided by means of a strut or rod e³ placed at an angle.
Instead of the two brackets (Figs. 15 to 18) there may be employed two
slotted bars pas shown in Figs. 20 and 29, in which slide two guide pins that
project laterally from the lower edge of the window c. If the slotted bars pare
formed with several notches p² as indicated in Fig. 29, the window c can be
· adjusted and held in several positions as will be readily understood.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. Mounting a window sash on cranked rods or their equivalent substantially in
the manner described so that on its being lowered into an open position it will hang
on pivots that are in a vertical plane in advance of the plane of the window frame
and in which position it will be open both at bottom and top the arrangement being
such that the window can be caused to swing on the said pivots and its lower end
closed as set forth.
2. Means for holding a window comprising cranked rods e pivotted in bearings or
sockets d d¹ respectively arranged on the window and the window frame, and means
such as cords ss for raising and lowering the window into its closed and open
positions substantially as described.
3. The improvements in or relating to the mounting of window sashes and means
or apparatus for opening, closing and holding the same in place shown in and
described with reference respectively to Figs. 1 to 6 inclusive, Figs. 7 to 10
inclusive, Figs. 11 to 14 inclusive, Figs. 15 to 18 inclusive, Figs. 19 and 19ª and
Figs. 20 and 29 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 13th day of July 1892.
P. SCHMAHL,
By L. W., per F. B.