IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VARNISH
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Sim, M.D., at present residing at the
Cannon Street Hotel, and Alfred Morgan, of Duckfoots Lane,
Upper Thames Street, both in the City of London, for the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VARNISH."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Sim and Alfred
Morgan at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 2nd April 1873.
We, ROBERT SIM, M.D., at present residing at the Cannon Street
Hotel, and ALFRED MORGAN, of Duckfoots Lane, Upper Thames Street,
both in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VARNISH," to be as
follows:-

page_text: melt it and enable it to be combined with oil and afterwards mixed with
turpentine.
According to our Invention we are enabled to produce from kaori gum
a varnish of better quality and at a less price than heretofore without
the application of heat, and this we effeet by dissolving the gum in a
mixture of solvents in which it will readily dissolve at a low temperature.
The solvent is composed of alcohol mixed with mineral naphtha, either
natural or artificially produced and either crude or refined, and to these
turpentine may be added if desired, or turpentine may be used together
with alcohol and ether. The solvent when applied to the gum quickly
dissolves it and forms a varnish which may be used in the ordinary
manner. The quantity of each of the ingredients used to form the
varnish may be varied according to the consistency or drying properties
required in the varnish to be made.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, 1
filed by the said Robert Sim and Alfred Morgan in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 1st October 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ROBERT
SIM, M.D., at present residing at the Cannon Street Hotel, and Alfred
MORGAN, of Duckfoots Lane, Upper Thames Street, both in the City of 2
London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-sixth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant 2
unto us, the said Robert Sim and Alfred Morgan, Her special license
that we, the said Robert Sim and Alfred Morgan, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Robert Sim
and Alfred Morgan, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all a
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VARNISH," upon the

page_text: condition (amongst others) that we, the said Robert Sim and Alfred
Morgan, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one
of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Morgan, on behalf of myself
and the said Robert Sim, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, that is to say :-
-
The object of this Invention is to improve the manufacture of varnish
from kaori gum.
Heretofore when this gum has been used in the manufacture of
varnish, it has been necessary to apply to it a high degree of heat to
melt it, and enable it to be combined with oil and afterwards mixed
with turpentine.
According to our Invention we are enabled to produce from kaori gum
a varnish of better quality and at a less price than heretofore without
the application of heat, and this we effect by dissolving the gum in a
mixture of solvents in which it will readily dissolve at a low temperature.
The solvent is composed of alcohol mixed with mineral naphtha either
natural or artificially produced, and either crude or refined, and to these
turpentine may be added if desired. The solvent when applied to the
gum quickly dissolves it and forms a varnish which may be used in the
ordinary manner. The quantity of each of the ingredients used to form
the varnish may be varied according to the consistency or drying
properties required in the varnish to be made.
Our manner of working is as follows:-For a simple solvent we
prefer the following mode of operating:-We first put the alcohol (in
the proportion of about 1" part of the quantity of solvent required)
into a convenient vessel, and then add the mineral naphtha slowly,
keeping the alcohol continually agitated until the point of saturation is
attained; this is known by the mixture becoming slightly opaque; this
point reached it is necessary to add a small quantity of alcohol until the

page_text: mixture clears. For a turpentine solvent the turpentine must first be
mixed with the mineral naphtha; we prefer about one part turpentine
to three of naphtha and then proceed as for a simple solvent, except that
the turpentine solvent will require more alcohol than the simple solvent.
When the mixture is clear it is simply necessary to add the gum kaori
or maiula copal, in the proportion of from 2½ lbs. to 4 lbs. gum to each
gallon of solvent, according to the quality of varnish required, and let it
stand till dissolved, after which it is ready for use, although we prefer it
to stand in convenient receptacles for a further period of about 4 weeks
to allow the varnish to become clear.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention and the manner of
performing the same, we would have it understood that we claim the
manufacture of varnish from kaori gum by dissolving the gum in a
solvent as herein described without having previously to melt the gum
and combine it with oil.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Morgan, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of September, in the year