IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM-BOILERS AND IN SETTING STEAM-BOILERS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Herbert Lloyd, of the Firm of Thomas Piggott
and Company, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Gas Engineers,
for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM-BOILERS AND IN SETTING
STEAM-BOILERS."
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Herbert Lloyd at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st December 1881.
GEORGE HERBERT LLOYD of the Firm of Thomas Piggott and Company of
Birmingham in the County of Warwick Gas Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM BOILERS AND IN SETTING STEAM BOILERS."
My Invention consists first in constructing steam boilers in the following
manner.
I form the body of the boiler or that part on which the fire principally acts, of
wrought iron tubes of a diameter preferably more than ten inches but I do not
limit myself to any particular size. These tubes are arranged in rows inclining
downwards from the front or furnace end to the back.
The rows of tubes constituting the body of the boiler are connected both at
their front and back ends, the connection being effected by means of wrought iron
tubes which may be of the same diameter as, but are preferably of larger diameter
than, the tubes forming the body. The end or connecting tubes may either be
vertical or horizontal. In the former case they connect the tubes forming the
body of the boiler in vertical rows, in the latter case they connnect the tubes
forming the body of the boiler in horizontal rows.
The tubes forming the body of the boiler are flanged at their ends and the said
flanged ends are fixed to the connecting tubes by the flanges being rivetted around
openings in the said connecting tubes.
The end connecting tubes are in communication with one another. This
communication is effected by means of short necks formed at the parts of the tubes

page_text: to be joined the said necks having either internal or external flanges. The
connection is effected by riveting together the flange of one tube to the flange of
the other tube. Or instead of short necks with flanges, slots may be made in the
tubes in a line parallel with their axes the edges of these slots projecting from the
tubes and having internal flanges. In order to strengthen the tubes where the
slots are made, strong stays are rivetted across the slots. The tubes are joined by
riveting the internal flange of one slot to that of the slot in the adjacent tube a
packing piece being introduced between the flanges.
Instead of a continuous slot a series of short slots in the same line may be
employed. In this case the strengthening of the slotted parts of the tubes is
effected by a slotted packing piece introduced between the flanges.
My Invention consists secondly in the following improvements in setting
tubular steam boilers. In order to form the requisite zig zag passages for the
flame and heated air to circulate in I employ bricks or blocks of a nearly wedge
shaped figure and of such a size that they are incapable of passing between two
adjacent tubes of the body of the boiler. When bricks or blocks of this kind are
dropped between two adjacent tubes of the boiler, they rest upon the tubes at a
level somewhat higher than the axes of the tubes. By dropping these bricks or
blocks between the tubes close together, side by side, they form a partition between
the tubes. The partitions thus formed are made to extend nearly but not quite the
whole length of the tubes in the following manner. The partition between the
bottom layer of tubes is continuous from the front ends of the tubes to nearly
the back ends while the partition in the next higher row of tubes is continuous
from the back ends to nearly the front ends and so on. There is thus formed a
zig-zag passage by which the flame and heated.air-are-made-to-pass under and over
-each-layer or set of tubes.
This part of my Invention is also applicable to boilers in which the firing. is
effected at the upper part of the boiler instead of at the lower part.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Herbert Lloyd in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
29th June 1882.
GEORGE HERBERT LLOYD of the Firm of Thomas Piggott and Company of
Birmingham in the County of Warwick Gas Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM BOILERS AND IN SETTING STEAM BOILERS."
My Invention consists, First in constructing steam boilers in the following
manner I form the body of the boiler or that part on which the fire principally
acts of wrought iron tubes of a diameter preferably more than ten inches-but I do
not limit myself to any particular size. These tubes are arranged in rows inclined
downwards from the front or furnace end to the back.
The rows of tubes constituting the body of the boiler are connected both at their
front and back ends, the connection being effected by means of wrought iron tubes
which may be of the same diameter as, but are preferably of larger diameter than
the tubes forming the body. The end or connecting tubes may either be vertical
or horizontal. In the former case they connect the tubes forming the body of the
boiler in vertical rows; in the latter case they connect the tubes forming the body
of the boiler in horizontal rows.
-
The tubes forming the body of the boiler are flanged at their ends and the said
flanged ends are fixed to the connecting tubes by the flanges being riveted around
openings in the said connecting tubes.
The end connecting tubes are in communication with one another. This com-
munication is effected by means of short necks formed at the parts of the tubes to
be joined, the said necks having either internal or external flanges. The connection
is effected by riveting together the flange of one tube to the flange of the other tube.
Or instead of short necks with flanges, slots may be made in the tubes in a line
parallel with their axis, the edges of these slots projecting from the tubes and
having internal flanges. In order to strengthen the tubes where the slots are made
strong stays are riveted across the slots. The tubes are joined by riveting the
internal flange of one slot to that of the slot in the adjacent tube, a packing piece
being introduced between the flanges.
Instead of a continuous slot a series of short slots in the same line may be
employed. In this case the strengthening of the slotted parts of the tubes is
effected by a slotted packing piece introduced between the flanges.
My Invention consists secondly in the following improvements in setting tubular
steam boilers. In order to form the requisite zig-zig passages for the flame and
heated air to circulate in 1 employ bricks or blocks of a nearly wedge shaped figure
and of such a size that they are incapable of passing between two adjacent tubes of
the body of the boiler. When bricks or blocks of this kind are dropped between
two adjacent tubes of the boiler they rest upon the tubes at a level somewhat
higher than the axis of the tubes. By dropping these bricks or blocks between the
tubes close together, side by side, they form a partition between the tubes. The
partitions thus formed are made to extend nearly, but not quite the whole length of
the tubes in the following manner. The partition between the bottom layer of
tubes is continuous from the front ends of the tubes to nearly the back ends, while
the partition in the next higher row of tubes is continuous from the back ends to
nearly the front ends and so on. There is thus formed a zig-zig passage by
which the flame and heated air are made to pass under and over each layer or set
of tubes.
This part of my Invention is also applicable to boilers in which the firing is
effected at the upper part of the boiler instead of at the lower part.

page_text: The accompanying three Sheets of Drawings will serve to make my Invention
more clearly understood in its practical application.
Figure 1 is a vertical section of half the full width of the boiler.
Figure 2 is a front elevation of half the full width of the boiler.
Figure 3 is a part longitudinal section and part elevation of the same boiler.
Figure 4 is a sectional plan of half the boiler.
Figure 5 is a half plan of the same boiler.
Figure 6 is a plan of one of the principal tubes showing the manner in which the
junction face or diaphragm is cut out.
Figure 7 is a side clevation of the tube shown in plan in Figure 6.
Figure 8 shows two modifications of the arrangement of my boiler.
Figure 9 is a section through the tubes and the partition bricks..
Figure 10 shows modifications of Figure 9.
What I call the body of my boiler is formed of wrought iron or steel tubes C, C, C,
which are inclined downwards from the front end C¹, C, C¹, to the back end C², C², C².
The holes in the main tubes E and E¹ communicating with the body tubes C, may be
cut out oval as shown at C³, so as to leave a greater section of metal between them
or they may be round to agree with the tubes themselves. The boiler shown by
Figures 1 to 7 consists of twelve body tubes in four rows of three in each row.
These four rows of body tubes are connected together in a very novel manner as
will be seen from the Drawings which forms a particular feature in my new boiler,
as follows: There are in this particular boiler eight main tubes; four E, E, E, E,
front ones, and four E', E', E', E', back tubes. These tubes are specially prepared
with outward bulges or necks d, d, as shown by Figures 3, 6 and 7 in order that
the front and back tubes may in each case-be-effectively built up into practically a
-solid-wall of tubes having almost perfect freedom for the steam to ascend vertically
from the bottom to the top main tubes. This is of course effected mainly by the
manner in which they, are connected together. A continuous slot may be cut into
the bulged part d, d, which would naturally weaken the tube to resist bursting
pressure. But this I counteract in various ways. First: By stays riveted across
the inside of the tube of varying strengths and distances apart according to the
pressure they require to bear. Second: By the introduction of a diaphragm plate
or packing piece F having connecting bars f¹, f', left solid with the plate for the
purpose of imparting the necessary strength to the tubes. The diaphragm plate may
be made of any thickness to increase its strength and that of the tube. Thus in this
case there would be the holes f³, f2, through which the water could circulate and
the steam rise to the upper parts of the boiler. Third: By leaving the bars f',ƒ',
in the actual metal of the bulged part of the boiler tube with either the diaphragm
plate or without it. Extra strength could also be imparted by internal strengthening
plates similar to the diaphragm plate F. Now in either of the above cases or in
modifications of them the several main tubes are riveted or otherwise fastened
together to form the before said back and front connecting walls.
Instead of the one long bulged projection for fastening together the several main
tubes I may join them by several short projecting necks bulged out from the body
of the tube each neck having its own particular opening at its centre communi-
cating with each other in which case the riveting would continue all around the
several necks and openings.
The main tubes may be joined together without the bulged necks by slightly
flattening the junction part and interposition of the perforated diaphragın plate
as shown by Figure 11. The end of the main tubes would generally be made of
cast steel or wrought iron.
The spaces between the body tubes C, C, C, are made up by wedge or other
shaped blocks or bricks K, K, K, which rest upon the tubes above their centres and
cannot drop through because they are longer than the narrowest part of the space
These blocks are shown in section in Figure 9 as they would
generally be used. Various nodifications could be made in their shape such for
instance as the arched blocks K', or K2, in Figure 10 where the bearing surface
between the tubes.

page_text: upon the tubes is reduced and the heating surface exposed is correspondingly
enlarged. Figure 3 shows the blocks K, K, commencing close up to the front main
tubes E, E, immediately over the over the fire M, M, upon the first or bottom row
of body C tubes leaving a space N near the back E' main tubes. But in the next
row the blocks K commence close up to the back E¹ main tubes and continue to
near the front main E tubes but leaving the space P and so on forming the zig-zig
passage before mentioned for the flame and heated air and gasses between the
several layers of body pipes which will of course vary in number according to
various circumstances such as the size of the boiler and the position where it has
to be fixed.
The working of the boiler is as follows:-The fire is made in the usual manner
by means of the grate M and fire doors R. The initial heat of the fire will of
course strike upon the bottom main front tube and the bottom row of body C tubes
turning up in the direction of arrow n through the opening N, then taking the
direction of arrow n¹ and arrow h through the opening P, when the direction is
again reversed in the direction of arrow h¹, and then to arrow l, and again reversed
in the direction of arrow . The waste gasses or smoke may be carried away from
any convenient part of the upper flue to suit the position of the chimney or fluo in
each particular case. The damper may be fitted to such flue in the ordinary
way or an ashpit door S would serve the purpose. One feature of this boiler is
the free access obtained to the main tubes E, E and E, E¹, through the man holes
T, T, T, T, and T¹, T', T', T'.
The steam and safety valves can be fixed to blocks such as U and V at the upper
part of the boiler in the usual way, and the boiler may be blown off at any
convenient part such as at block W.
Of course my new boiler may be built in a variety of ways without departing
from the principle of my Invention such for instance as the modification illustrated
by the diagram Drawing Figure 8 where a lower main tube X may be lowered or
brought to the position showed by dotted lines.
These boilers may be set with end walls and no front or back walls: the tubes
E, E, and E', E', forming the front and back walls or they may be encased by
sheet iron lined with fire brick or other suitable material.
Having now described my said Invention of improvements in steam boilers and
in setting steam boilers and the manner of carrying the same into practical effect
I would have it clearly understood that what I claim as my Invention is:-
First-The construction of steam multitubular boilers with a front and back
wall of tubes connected together so that the steam bas liberty to ascend and the
water to circulate through the various members with the utmost freedom as herein
set forth with modifications of the same.
Second The particular plan of setting with the blocks K, K¹, and K² herein
described and set forth with modifications of the same.
Third-The use of the slotted packing piece or diaphragm plate F in combi-
nation with and for connecting together the boiler tubes.
Fourth-The boilers as shown upon the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof I the said George Herbert Lloyd have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Twenty third day of June in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
GEORGE HERBERT LLOYD. (L.S.)