and for other Purposes.
Year: 1888

page_text: and for other Purposes.
We, JAMES HOLROYD, Pottery Manufacturer, of Burmantofts, Leeds, and Alfred
WILSON, Gas Furnace Engineer, of Stafford, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention has for object improvements in gas-fired kilns for burning or heating
pottery and for other purposes, and has reference to arrangements whereby two or
more kilns can be worked in conjunction with a single regenerator. This regenerator
may be of any suitable form or construction, such for example as a structure filled
with chequer brickwork and divided into two parts, through one of which the products
of combustion are drawn by a chimney, while the air to support combustion enters
through the other and is heated therein or there may be four chambers, two for
heating air, and two for heating gas, if desired. The regenerator is provided with
the usual valves for directing the flow of gases and air, and for reversing the offices
of the two parts in the usual manner.
In connection with each kiln and preferably beneath it there are two chambers
called combustion chambers. Only one of these chambers acts as a combustion
chamber at a time, the other serving as a flue for the escaping gases and becoming
heated by them. Each combustion chamber has a connection to the gas main,
controlled by a valve, and a connection to one part of the regenerator, also controlled
by a valve. If gas and air be admitted to one combustion chamber they enter into
combination there and the burnt and burning gases are drawn by the chimney
draught through flues built around the kiln, or directly through the kiln, and
thence through one part of the regenerator to the chimney. If, after this has
continued for a time, the valves of the regenerator are reversed, and the flow of the gas
is cut off from the first combustion chamber and admitted to the second, this chamber
becomes the source of heat and the gases are drawn round or through the kiln in the
opposite direction, and through the other part of the regenerator to the chimney.
Several such kilns may be used in conjunction with a single regenerator, each
being provided with valves which enable it to be completely isolated both from the.
gas and air supplies.

page_text: It is sometimes convenient to work one kiln at a different temperature from another
kiln, and to this end each kiln is provided with an independent exhaust flue or outlet,
either to the atmosphere, or to the chimney, or to an independent chimney, and with
an independent air inlet. These outlets and inlets are provided with valves by which
they can be opened and closed as required.
In one arrangement according to this invention two or more kilns are built side by
side. Along one end there runs a flue or conduit communicating with a gas producer,
and having a connection controlled by a valve to each combustion chamber, of which
there are two under each kiln. Two other flues or conduits running parallel with the
gas flue, communicate with the two parts of the regenerator, and the combustion
chambers of each kiln communicate respectively with the flues. There is a separate
inlet which allows atmospheric air to be mingled with the gas on its way to the
combustion chamber, if desired, this inlet being provided with a valve.
It will be seen that various dispositions of kilns can be arranged according to this
invention without departure from its essential features.
Dated this 8th day of March 1888
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agent for the Applicants.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Gas Fired Kilns for Burning or Heating Pottery
and for other Purposes.
We, JAMES HOLROYD, Pottery Manufacturer, of Burmantofts, Leeds, and ALFRED
WILSON, Gas Furnace Engineer, of Stafford do hereby declare the nature of this
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention bas for object improvements in gas-fired kilns for burning or
heating pottery and for other purposes, and has reference to arrangements whereby
two or more kilns can be worked in conjunction with a single regenerator. This
regenerator may be of any suitable form or construction, such for example as a
structure filled with chequer brick work and divided into two parts, through one of
which the products of combustion are drawn by a chimney, while the air to support
combustion enters through the other and is heated therein or there may be four
chambers two for heating air and two for heating gas if desired.
The regenerator is provided with the usual valve for directing the flow of gases and
air, and for reversing the offices of the two parts in the usual manner. In connection
with each kiln and preferably beneath it there are two chambers called combustion
chambers. Only one of these chambers acts as a combustion chamber at a time, the
other serving as a flue for the escaping gases and becoming heated by them. Each
combustion chamber has a connection to the gas main, controlled by a valve, and a
connection to one part of the regenerator, also controlled by a valve. If gas and air
be admitted to one combustion chamber they enter into combination there and the
burnt and burning gases are drawn by the chimney draught through flues built
around the kiln, or directly through the kiln, and thence through one part of the
regenerator to the chimney. If, after this has continued for a time, the valves of the
regenerator are reversed, and the flow of the gas is cut off from the first combustion
chamber and admitted to the second, this chamber becomes the source of heat and the
gases are drawn round or through the kiln in the opposite direction, and through the
other part of the regenerator to the chimney.
Several such kilns may be used in conjunction with a single regenerator, each being
provided with valves which enable it to be completely isolated both from the gas and
air supplies. It is sometimes convenient to work one kiln at a different temperature
from another kiln, and to this end each kiln is provided with an independent exhaust
Hue or outlet, either to the atmosphere, or to the chimney, or to an independent
chimney and with an independent air inlet. These outlets and inlets are provided
with valves by which they can be opened and closed as required. In one arrangement
according to this invention two or more kilns are built side by side.
Along one end there runs a flue or conduit communicating with a gas producer
and having a connection controlled by a valve to each combustion chamber, of
which there are two under each kiln. Two other flues or conduits running parallel
with the gas flue, communicate with the two parts of the regenerator and the

page_text: combustion chambers of each kiln communicate respectively with the flues. There
is a separate inlet which allows atmospheric air to be mingled with the gas on its way
to the combustion chamber, if desired, this inlet being provided with a valve.
Referring to the accompanying sheet of drawings
Fig. 1 is a plan of a set of three gas fired kilns according to this invention, with
gas producer regenerator and chimney.
Fig. 2 shews to a larger scale a longitudinal section through one of the kilns, the
section following the line e-d of fig. 3.
Fig. 3 is a section in line a-b of fig. 2.
AA are the kilns or chambers in which the material required to be heated is
placed.
B B2 are the combustion chambers, two of which are placed beneath each kiln.
CC are the passages by which the combustiblo gas enters.
DD are the stop valves, two to each kiln or one to each combustion chamber.
El E² are two flues affording communication between the combustion chambers B¹ B²
and the regenerator which is divided into two parts L' L².
It will be seen that B C D E and L' form a connected group of parts, as also
do B C D E² and L².
F is the gas flue by means of which gas from the producer Qis admitted to any
of the combustion chambers at will by means of the stop valves H H².
KK are the flues through which the .heated gases pass after combustion. These
flues are shewn incased in the walls of the kiln or mufe in the well known
manner. but the inner case of brick may be dispensed with and the hot gases
allowed to circulate amongst the material to be heated if desired.
All that is
necessary being to provide a passage for the hot gases from one combustion
chamber B to the corresponding chamber B2 or vice versa under the same kiln.
LL are the regenerative chambers.
N is the reversing valve and
P is the chimney.
When it is desired to heat any one of the kilns in the series the operation is
conducted as follows:-
The two valves 101 D2 of the kiln which is to be heated are left both open, the
valves of the other kilns being closed.
The effect of this is that there is a draught of air caused by the chimney
traversing the following course. The air enters at the reversing valve N, passes
through regenerator I, along the flue E', through valve D', into the combustion
chamber B, there it enters into combustion with gas supplied by the valves H' to the
same combustion chamber and the resulting gases pass round the muffle A by
the flues K, or through the kiln A as the case may be into the second combustion
chamber B2 of the same kiln. From thence the gases go through the other valve D2
of the same kiln, into the flue E2, thence through regenerator L where the heat is
abstracted from the gases and through the reversing valve N to the chimney. To
obtain the benefit of regeneration of heat for the purpose of increasing the temperature
of the kiln or muffle and to economise fuel, the reversing valve N is after a
suitable interval turned; the gas valve H' closed and the gas valve 2 opened (or
a suitable valve may be provided to supply either combustion chamber with gas
instead of two separate valves in which case it is reversed to effect the same object).
The air then enters by the reversing valve N as before, but is directed through the
the regenerative chamber L along the flue E2 through the valve D2 of the kiln in
work. It then enters into combustion with the gas admitted by valve H2, in the
combustion chamber B2, and the resulting gases pass round or through the kiln, and
reach the chimney by the valve D' flue E' and regenerative chamber L'.
the kiln or muffle is first put to work it is not desired to attain the high temperature
obtainable by means of the hot air from the regenerators but to work the furnace at a
lower temperature one of the gas valves (say H¹) is opened and one of the outlet
valves whilst air is admitted to burn the gas by means of the air inlet R which is
opened and closed by a slide valve or regulator. In this case the flame passes along
If when

page_text: chambers C and B₁ and traversing the muffle or kiln escapes by means of the
chamber B and valve D through the flue E to the chimney but if it is desired to
work one kiln in this way at a certain low temperature, whilst another kiln of the
series is at the same time working at a certain higher or other temperature by means
of the alternate reversal of currents through the regenerators-and if the passage of
gases from another kiln through the regenerators would be prejudicial to the proper
working of the kiln then at a high or other temperature-the waste gases from the
first mentioned kiln, which is desired to be worked at the same time at another or
lower temperature as described are in that case allowed to escape by an opening
or openings made for the time being at the top of the chamber A into the
atmosphere or into a flue on the top of the kilns leading to a chimney, or a direct
communication may be made from the end of the chamber B2 (or B as the case
may be) by means of a separate flue not shewn on the drawing communicating with
a chimney so as to allow such waste gases to escape and a draught to be caused
independently of the regenerative part of the arrangement.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
is claimed in gas fired kilns for burning or beating pottery and for other
purposes, is :-
1. The combination of two or more gas fired kilns with a single regenerator in
which the air (or air and gas) is heated, each kiln being provided with two
chambers which act alternately as combustion chambers and channels for the exit
of hot gases and being in connection with two flues each of which serves alternately
as an inlet flue for hot air from the regenerator and an outlet flue for the products of
combustion to the regenerator substantially as described.
2. In kilns of the kind referred to in the preceding clain providing each kiln with
an outlet, controlled by a valve or valves, to the atmosphere or to a chimney
substantially as described and for the purpose specified.
3. The combination of the kiln A, the combustion chambers B₁ B³, gas
passages CC, gas valves H¹ H³, valves D¹ D², flues E' E³, and a regenerator
substantially as described.
DOLL
CD
1000