IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FORGING OR SHAPING METALS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Theaker and Samuel Osborn, both of
Sheffield, in the County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Theaker and
Samuel Osborn at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 27th January 1873.
WC, HENRY THEAKER and SAMUEL OSBORN, both of Sheffield, in
the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FORGING OR SHAPING METALS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has mainly for its object to combine the accuracy of
rolling with the advantages of hammering metals in the process of
forging or shaping them.
In carrying out the Invention any convenient form of direct acting or
tilt hammer or stamp worked by means of steam or other motive agent
may be used, but instead of the ordinary anvil there is substituted a

page_text: movablo anvil in the form of a roller and capable of turning completely
round on an axis transverse to the line of motion of the hammer or
stamp. Or the anvil may be in an approximately segmental form and
turn through part of a circle about a transverse axis. The bottom of the
roller anvil or segmental anvil rests in a seat on an anvil bed, such scat
being made concave to suit the turning movement of the anvil and at
the same time afford sufficient support. The roller or segmental anvil
is grooved or indented to correspond with the shape to which the article
is to be forged, or separate grooved or indented pieces may be fixed on
the anvil for that purpose.
Provision is made for turning the anvil gradually during the operation
of the hammer, that is, between the strokes, a simple arrangement for
this purpose comprising a ratchet wheel fixed on a shaft projecting
laterally from the anvil and actuated by a pawl and lever from the tup
or lead of an ordinary steam hammer, the action of the pawl being
controlled by means of a foot lever. With these arrangements the
strokes of the hammer may be made to act successively on the different
parts of the article to be forged or shaped in a regular manner and so as
to obtain superior results.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, ¿
filed by the said Henry Theaker and Samuel Osborn in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 25th July 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, WC, HENRY
THEAKER and SAMUEL OSBORN, both of Sheffield, in the County of
York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto us, the said Henry Theaker and Samuel:
Osborn, Her special licence that we, the said Henry Theaker and Samuel
Osborn, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
we, the said Henry Theaker and Samuel Osborn, our executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,

page_text: *pparvus for Foryony or snaping metals.
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
5 FOR FORGING OR Shaping METALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that
we, the said Henry Theaker and Samuel Osborn, our exccutors or admini-
strators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their
hands and scals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Henry Theaker and Samuel
Osborn, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
5 what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement in writing, reference
being had to the accompanying Drawings, that is to say :—
Our said Invention has mainly for its object to combine the accuracy
of rolling with the advantages of hammering metals in the process of
forging or shaping them.
In carrying out our said Invention any convenient form of direct
acting or tilt hammer or stamp worked by means of steam or other
motive agent may be used, but instead of the ordinary fixed anvil we
substituto a movable anvil capable of turning completely or partly
round on an axis transverse to the line of motion of the hammer
or stamp.
And in order that our said Invention and the manner of performing
the same may be properly understood, we hercunto append a sheet of
explanatory Drawings, to be herein-after referred to, and representing by
way of example one of the various arrangements of apparatus that may
be used in practising our Invention. In these Drawings the same
reference numerals are used to mark the same or like parts wherever.
they are repeated.
Figure 1 is a side elevation showing the lower part of an ordinary
vertical steam hammer as provided with our improved movable anvil;
Figure 2 is a front elevation corresponding to Figure 1; Figure 3 is a

page_text: vertical section as at the line A-A in Figure 2; and Figure 4 is a
vertical section of a second form of auvil. The movable anvil 1, shown
in Figures 1, 2, 3, is shaped and arranged so that it can be turned
completely round, being in form like a small part of a large roller, and
The movable
having a shaft 2 fixed through it for turning it by.
anvil 1 is held in a massive anvil bed 3 which is fixed in the lower
part 1 of the hammer standard or base frame, the anvil being supported
laterally by cheeks which form part of the anvil bed, and resting on a
scat 5 which is shaped concavely to admit of the anvil turning whilst
having ample bearing surface. Instead of the movable anvil being
circular it may be of the approximately segmental form shown in Figure
4. The roller shaped or segmental anvil 1 is grooved or indented as at 6,
7, to correspond with the shape to which the article is to be forged; or
separate grooved or indented pieces may be fixed on the anvil for
that purpose.
Provision is made for turning the anvil 1 gradually during the
operation of the hammer, that is between the strokes, a simple arrange-
ment for this purpose being shown in the Drawings and comprising a
ratchet wheel S fixed on the shaft 2 of the anvil, which shaft projects
laterally through vertical slots in the checks of the anvil bed. The
ratchet wheel S is actuated by a pawl 9 jointed to a rod 10 which works
in a guide 11, and is connected by a link 12 to a cranked lever 13, this
lever being acted on by the tup or hammer head 14 when rising. The
turning action is controlled by the attendant workman by means of a
foot lover 15 which is connected by a rod 10 to a cam piece 17, 18,
mounted so as to turn on the anvil shaft 2. When the foot lever 15 is
slightly depressed a part 17 of the cam piece prevents the pawl 9 from
acting, a projection on the side of the pawl then resting on the cam and
preventing the pawl from falling into the ratchet teeth. When the foot
lever 15 is further depressed another part 18 of the cam piece lifts the
back or holding pawl 19 out of gear, and allows the ratchet wheel 8 and
anvil to turn the other way as it has a tendency to do from having a
weighted lever 20 fixed on the shaft 2. A stop 21 is provided to arrest the
descent of the weighted lever 20, and this stop may correspond with the
position of the anvil for commencing a forging operation, so that after
each article is operated upon the anvil is allowed to turn back into
the starting position for the next article on simply depressing the
foot lever 15.

page_text: Having thus particularly described our said Invention and the manner
of performing the same, we have to state that we do not restrict
ourselves to the precise details herein described or delineated, but that
what we believe to be novel and original and claim as the Invention
secured to us by the hercin-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
1. The arranging or combining together of the parts of apparatus
for forging or shaping metals, substantially in the improved manner
herein-before described.
2. The combining of a hammer with an anvil arranged to turn
about an axis transverse to the line of action of the hammer, as hercin-
before described.
3. The arranging or combining together of the parts for turning the
anvil, substantially as herein described and delineated.
In witness whereof, I the said Samuel Osborn, on behalf of the
said Henry Theaker and myself, have hereunto set my hand and
scal, this Twenty-fourth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.