Improvements in and connected with Horseless Carriages, and in Motors for Driving same.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd June, 1896
Complete Specification Left, 3rd Mar., 1897-Accepted, 29th May, 1897
Improvements in and connected with Horseless Carriages, and in
Motors for Driving same.
I, JAMES FREDERICK STILWELL of No. 1 Victoria Park, Dover, in the County
of Kent, Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:
My invention refers to horseless carriages and to the arrangement and
construction of motors for driving same.
My invention consists in making the horseless carriage with a removable
fore-carriage or bogey which is provided with a suitable frame on which is
mounted the motor in such manner that the whole fore carriage containing the
motor is capable of being easily attached to the carriage itself. The motor frame
is mounted on one, two, or more wheels, one or all of which is or may be a driver
or drivers. As a rule I prefer to mount the wheels (when there are two or more)
in such manner that the wheels on the same shaft shall both act as drivers but both
may revolve at different velocities when turning corners and the like.
The vertical pivot on which the motor frame turns is preferably made hollow so
that the rods or handles for starting, stopping or otherwise effecting the working of
the motor all lead to or near one spot convenient to the hand of the operator. If
an electric motor be used it is evident that some or all of these rods or handles
may be replaced by wires and switches. The steering may be conveniently effected
by a spur wheel on the hollow pivot and by a pinion mounted on a spindle at the
other end of which is a hand wheel or handle or in any other convenient
manner.
The motor frame may have mounted thereon in addition to the engines or
electric motors, oil and water tanks in the case of an oil motor, or some or all of
the batteries in the case of an electric motor.
It is also evident that one motor may be used for different carriages when they
have once been provided with such slight alterations as a suitable pivot bearing
and means for effecting the steering and this from an economical point of view is a
very great advantage.
The ordinary fore carriage may also be used instead of the motor so that if
desired the carriage may be propelled by a horse in the usual manner.
Further, as the motor frame is distinct from the carriage it propels, it is evident
that practically no vibration from the motor can affect the carriage itself.
Dated this 3rd dox of June 1896
JENSEN & SON,
77 Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agents.

page_text: Improvements in and connected with Horseless Carriages, and in
Motors for Driving same.
I, JAMES FREDERICK STILWELL of No. 1 Victoria Park, Dover in the County
of Kent, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention an.l
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention refers to horseless carriages and to the arrangement and
construction of motors for driving same.
My invention consists in making the horseless carriage with a removable
forc-carriage or bogey which is provided with a suitable frame on which is
mounted the motor in such manner that the whole fore carriage containing the
motor is capable of being easily attached to the carriage itself. The motor frame
is mounted on one, two or more wheels, one or all of which is or are a driver or
drivers. As a rule I prefer to mount the wheels (when there are two or more) in
such manner that the wheels on the same shaft shall both act as drivers but so that
both may revolve at different velocities when the vehicle turns corners or the like.
The vertical pivot on which the motor frame turns is preferably made hollow so
that the rods or handles for starting, stopping or otherwise effecting the working of
the motor all lead to or near one spot convenient to the hand of the operator. If
an electric motor be used it is evident that some or all of these rods or handles will
be replaced by wires and switches. The steering may be conveniently effected by
a spur wheel secured to the fore carriage and by a pinion mounted on a spindle at
the other end of which is a hand wheel or handle or in any other convenient
manner.
The motor frame may have mounted thereon in addition to the engines or electric
motors, oil and water tanks in the case of an oil motor, or some or all of the
batteries in the case of an electric motor.
It is also evident that one motor may be used for different carriages when they
have once been provided with such slight alterations as a suitable pivot, bearing
and means for effecting the steering, and this, from an economical point of view is
a very great advantage. The ordinary fore-carriage may also be used instead of
the motor so that if desired the carriage may be drawn by a horse in the usual
manner.
Further as the motor frame is distinct from the carriage it propels, it.is evident
that the effect of the vibration if any from the motor on the carriage itself is
materially reduced.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings represents in elevation a fore-carriage
constructed according to my invention.
Figure 2 is a plan.
Figure 3 is a part sectional elevation thereof on the line 3-3 Fig. 2 and
Figure 4 is a part sectional transverse elevation on the line 4-4 Fig. 2 with the
wheels removed.
Referring to Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4, it will be seen that the fore-carriage consists
of a suitable boxed in frame A supported by wheels A' A' in which is mounted
for instance an oil motor B in such manner that the whole fore-carriage is capable
of being attached to the carriage itself (which is not here shown) by means of a
hollow pivot bearing or socket C.

page_text: The vertical pivot attached to the carriage or vehicle is also preferably made
hollow, so that the rods or handles for starting, stopping or otherwise effecting the
working of the motor all lead to or near one spot convenient to the hand of the
operator who is seated in the carriage. In the particular example shewn and at
present referred to the shaft of the motor has mounted thereon a flywheel D and
flanged pulleys D', D', and D', the large pulley D' being intended for the quickest
speed, while the pulley D2 is for slow speed in a forward direction. The pulley D
is intended to be used for driving backwards. There is a countershaft E suitably
mounted in bearings in the frame A. carrying flanged pulleys E', E and E³ and
the pulleys D' and E', D' and E', and D3 and E3 are provided with loose belts,
the belt on the pulleys D3 and E being crossed as shewn in Figure 3. The
pulleys E E and E may conveniently be made in one piece. In order to cause
one or other of the belts aforesaid to tauten and hence transmit motion to the
countershaft E in one direction or the other I provide small idle jockey pulleys
such as F and F¹ which are mounted in arms attached to a weighshaft F2
pivotted to the frame A. This weighshaft F has mounted thereon a lever F
which is connected to a link F proceeding through the hollow pivot bearing C
and any suitable connection is made thence to suit the convenience of the person
in charge of the vehicle such as a double armed lever F. There is also an idle
jockey pulley similar to F and F but not shown which operates the crossed belt.
Or if desired the pulleys D3 and E³ may be dispensed with altogether and the
reversing is then obtained by turning the whole fore carriage round a half of a
revolution on its pivot bearing C when the countershaft is at rest, but this is not
so convenient because the operation of backing cannot then be carried out quickly
enough to suit some situations. As will be seen from the drawing the counter-
shaft E has mounted at its ends two pulleys or sprocket wheels E and E which
by belt or chain communicate motion to pulleys or sprocket wheels A' and A³
attached to the road wheels A' A'. The countershaft E is preferably made in
halves or in two lengths in very much the same way as the axle of a tricycle or a
quadricycle so that while both road wheels serve as drivers they may revolve at
different velocities when the vehicle is describing a curve. A convenient place
for mounting this differential gear is in the triple pulley E, E, E, but the
gear is not shown as it is well known and would needlessly complicate the
drawing.
The steering may conveniently be effected by means of a circular rack G
mounted on the top of the frame A, into which gears a pinion G mounted on a
shaft G which may be provided at the top with a handle or steering wheel not
shown and this shaft is mounted in a bearing or socket G³ fixed to the front of the
carriage.
It is evident that I do not in any way limit myself to using a motor frame as
shown nor to the arrangement of gearing nor to the means for operating the
steering, as these may be arranged to suit any special case.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what. I
claim is.
1. A removable forecarriage or bogey for attachment to a carriage or other
vehicle consisting of a frame mounted on one or more wheels and containing an
engine or motor communicating motion to one or more of the road wheels, means
for controlling the motion of engine or motor and means for steering the
forecarriage or bogey.
2. A removable forecarriage or bogey for attachment to a carriage or other
vehicle consisting of a frame mounted on one or more wheels and containing an
engine or motor gearing to communicate motion from the engine at different speeds
and in either direction, means for controlling the motion of the engine and means
for effecting the steering substantially as described and shown.

page_text: 3. The construction of forecarriage substantially as described and shown on the
drawings.
Dated this Third day of March 1897.
JENSEN & SON,
77 Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.