IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPA- RATUS FOR FINISHING AND DRYING THREAD, TWINE, CORDS, AND ROPES
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Bywater, of Leeds, in the County of York,
Machine Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPA-
RATUS FOR FINISHING AND DRYING THREAD, TWINE, CORDS, AND ROPES."
Sealed the 23rd November, 1861, and dated the 31st May 1861...
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said: William Bywater at the
Office of the Commissioners of. Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st.
May 1861.
I, WILLIAM BYWATER, of Leeds, in the County of York, Machine Maker,
do liereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR FINISHING AND DRYING THREAD, TWINE, CORDS, AND
ROPES," to be as follows:-
The object of the improvements is to obtain a more even laying of the
surface fibres of thread, twine, cords, and ropes, especially after the same have-
been subjected to a process of sizing. For this purpose the thread, twine,
cord, or rope as it passes from the sizing process (when sizing is employed) is,
operated upon by surfaces moving at high speeds. The material to be
operated upon is then subjected to the action of two or more revolving heated
cylinders, set at angles to each other, in order to cause the material whilst
acted upon by such cylinders to travel spirally along them in a direction from
end to end; thereof..

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Bywater in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
80th November 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
BYWATER, of Leeds, in the County of York, Machine Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said William Bywater, Her special licence that I, the said
William Bywater, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said William Bywater, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR FINISHING AND DRYING THREAD,
TWINE, CORDS, AND ROPES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, tho
said William Bywater, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and-in
-what-manner-the-same-was-to-be-performed,-and-cause-the-same-to-be-filed-
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after, the date of the said Letters Patent.
"
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the, said William Bywater, do, hereby declare.
the nature of the said Invention, and in what, manner the same is to bo
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:―
The object of the improvements is to obtain a more even laying of the
surface fibres of thread, twine, cords, and ropes, especially after the same have
been subjected to a process of sizeing.. For this purpose the thread, twine,
cord, or rope as it passes from the sizeing process (when sizeing is employed) is
operated upon by surfaces, moving at, high speeds. The material to be
operated upon is then subjected to the action of two or more revolving heated
cylinders, set, at angles to each other, in order to cause the material whilst
acted upon by such cylinders to travel spirally along them in a direction from
end to end thereof.
i
But that the nature of my improvements, may be better understood, I will

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figures 1 and 2 are side elevations of apparatus constructed according to
5 my improvements, as adapted for operating on thread or twine; Figure 3 is a
plan view of the same. In each of these views the same letters are employed
to indicate like parts wherever they occur. A is the framing of the machine;
B is the driving pulley, receiving motion from a steam engine or other suitable
power; B' is a loose pulley; C, C, are bobbins for holding the thread or
O twine to be operated upon; D is a trough of copper or other suitable material
for holding starch or other size; E, E, are the sizing rollers, one of which
revolves in the trough D, thereby taking up size and giving it off to the other
of the rollers E, E, whilst the thread or twine passes between them;
F, F, F, F, are polishing rollers, covered on their peripheries with bristles,
cocoa-nut fibre, or other suitable material adapted to give more or less friction
on the thread or twine as it passes in contact with them. These rollers revolve
in a contrary direction to the thread or twine operated upon by them. G, G,
are friction surfaces, covered with hair or other suitable material, over and
under which the thread or twine passes before. going on to the cylinder H,
which is heated by steam. The thread or. 'twine is conducted round this
cylinder Ha number of times, somewhat helically; in a direction from: one end
to the other, whilst the cylinder is kept in rotating motion. The different-
layers or coils of thread or twine are kept from running one over the other by
means of the tin roller I, which is set with its axis at an angle to that of the
cylinder H, and which angle may be varied at pleasure. J, J, are the taking
off bobbins, for receiving the fibre as it comes from the heated cylinder H;
L is a guide rod, traversed by means of shaped heart cams M,.M, and having
cyes to guide the fibre on to the bobbins J, J; N is a guide or stretcher pulley
for guiding the belt N', which drives the polishing rollers F, F, F, F; O is a
friction plate for giving motion by friction in its rotation to the pulley P upon
the shaft P, which, by means of a pinion P taking into a pinion S' upon the
shaft S, drives and regulates the speed of the shaft S, which by means of
pinions S drives pinions S₁ on the spindles of the respective bobbins J, which
receive the twine or thread; Q is a rack for traversing the friction pulley P
on the friction plate O, and thereby varying the speed of the bobbins J. This
rack Qis operated by the pinion Q' on the axis Q, on which is also affixed
the ratchet Q3, which is driven by studs (1), (1), projecting from the axes of
the heart cams M, M; U, U, U, U, U, are pullies, with belts for giving

page_text: motion to the polishing rollers F, F, F, F, as shown; V and W are shafts for
giving motion to the heated cylinder I from the sizing roller shaft E',
Figures 4 and 5 show two side views, and Figure 6 a plan, of a slight
modification of the above. The same letters refer, wherever they occur, to
,similar parts in these views to those in the Figures just referred to, with the
exception of the taking-off part. Q is a surface cylinder or pulley, for giving
motion to the bobbins J by acting on their peripheries; R, R, are crabs or
holders for holding the bobbins in position on the surface of the cylinder Q;
S is a traverse lever for traversing the threads in regular order, side by side,
on the bobbins J. The twine or thread is represented by the red lines T, T;
X is a weight to the lever working the traverse.
For operating upon cords or small ropes similar machinery will be found
serviceable, the parts being varied only in size to the character of the cord or
rope to be operated upon.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and in what manner
I carry the same into effect, I would have it understood that I do not confine
myself to the precise details shown, nor do I claim the various mechanical
parts separately considered; but what I do claim is, the adaptation or com-
bination of means or apparatus for finishing and drying thread, twine, cords,
and ropes, substantially as explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Bywater, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of November, in tho of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
year
WILLIAM BYWATER. (L.S.)