Improvements in Kilns or Ovens for Bricks, Earthenware, Porcelain, and similar Material.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Apr., 1891-Accepted, 16th May, 1891
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Kilns or Ovens for Bricks, Earthenware, Porcelain,
and similar Material.
I HENRY WARRINGTON, of Berry Hill and Holly Bush Colliery and Iron
Works, Stoke-upon-Trent, Staffordshire, Iron Master do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to kilns or ovens for heating or drying bricks, earthenware,.
porcelain and similar materials, and consists in so constructing the kiln or oven that
the articles are heated by radiation only, without ever coming into direct contact
with the heated gases arising from the furnaces.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 represents a vertical mid-section of an oven, constructed according to this
invention:
Fig. 2 a plan of the same in section, taken through the line B. B in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 another sectional plan taken through the line D. D of Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is a sectional detail taken through line E. E. Fig. 2; and
Fig. 5 an elevation of a part of the interior wall of the oven.
The line A. A Fig. 3 indicates the section line of Fig. 1.
a is the foundation of the oven in the centre of which is crected a flue b
perforated at the bottom and communicating with the furnace e by means of the
numerous channels and perforations which are formed by and through the
masonry or brickwork e which supports the solid floor of the oven. This floor is
bounded by a wall which is broken only at the entrance g' and which extends
nearly to the roof of the oven. Between this wall and the main wall, is a space h
for the circulation of the gases &c. from the furnaces c, two furnaces only being
shown although four may be used.
り
In the centre of the roof of the oven, is a fluej concentric with the flue band
two smaller flues k. k, (see detail Fig. 4) are also added.
As will be readily seen from the drawings, Figs. 1 and 3, one portion of the
heated gases generated by the furnaces, will pass by way of the perforated floor-
supports to the central flue b and the remainder will traverse the space h, between
the wall g and the inner face of the main wall, and finally escape by the flue jor
by the minor flues k. Thus the gases will never come into contact with the articles
occupying the interior of the oven, these being heated solely by the heat communi-
cated by radiation or reflection from the floor f, the wall of the flue b, the wall g
and the roof of the oven.
It will of course be understood that the internal construction of the oven may be
varied as regards structural details without departing from the essential features of
the invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
ion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The construction of ovens for the purposes herein specified, in which the
heated gases arising from the furnaces are caused to pass partly beneath the floor
of the oven and up through a central flue & and partly around an inner wall and
but through a flue j in manner and for the purpose substantially as described and
llustrated in the accompanying drawings.
2. In an oven such as described, the combination of perforated floor supports e
ommunicating with the furnaces, and also with a central flue perforated below
he level of the floor of the oven, substantially as described and illustrated in the
ccompanying drawings.

page_text: 3. The general construction of ovens whereby the articles placed therein are
heated by radiation or reflection, and not by actual contact with the heated gases,
in manner substantially as herein described and illustrated by the accompanying
drawings.
Dated this 9th day of April 1891.
HUGHES, SON & Co., .
38, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.