IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOCK NUTS AND APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1886

page_text: Connected therewith.
We JOSEPH TRIPPETT, Manager, and THOMAS SEARLS, Steel Manufacturer, both
of Cannon Steel Works, Carlisle Street, Sheffield, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of our Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
LOCK NUTS AND APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH
" to be as follows:-
The object of our Invention is to provide the means and appliances to prevent
nuts working loose on the bolts on which they are screwed, and by which they
may be firmly tightened or locked. We effect this object in the following manner,
namely
We construct the nut or nuts to be employed as lock nuts with indentations on
one face, such indentations partaking of the shape of ratchett teeth formed radially
on the face of the nut somewhat like the teeth of a "face ratchet," but the face
of the indentations or teeth may be made with only a slight undercut, or they may
be made without undercut and at right angles to the face of the nut, the back
of the indentations or teeth may be formed with a curve and clearance similar to
ratchet teeth.
In conjunction with a nut or nuts so constructed we employ a washer of some
ductile material such as lead or other equivalent substance, and the method of the
application would be as follows:-
First. In the ordinary application of lock nuts as for example similar to those
employed in the cap bolts for marine engine connecting rods, the proportions of
both nuts may be similar to those ordinarily employed, but in our improved
method the first or main nut would be plain on the face next to the cap, and
indented or toothed on the back; and the second or lock nut would be indented
on the face side, so that when screwed upon the bolt, the indentations or teeth on
each nut would be opposite to, and correspond with each other, and when the nuts
are loose off the bolts the indented or toothed surfaces would fit into each other as
in a face or claw coupling.
When the first nut as herein described has been screwed into its position on the
bolt to the requisite degree of tightness with its indented face outwards, we then
place upon the bolt the washer of lead or other ductile suitable material which
may be perfectly plain or otherwise on both faces like, but somewhat thicker than,
an ordinary washer,

page_text: (In some instances the washer may be made with indentations or partially
formed indentations corresponding to the indentations on the nuts on one or both
sides) we then screw the second or back nut on the bolt with the indented or
toothed face inwards, and screw' it up tightly until the lead or other suitable
material by reason of its ductility has been forced by the pressure of the screwing
to fill the cavities of the indented toothed or ratchet formed faces of both nuts, the
lock nut being thus prevented from unscrewing by reason of the resistance of the
material which has been forced into the cavities or interstices of the indentations
or teeth of both nuts, which by this means become securely locked in position
upon the bolt.
To release the nuts a sufficient force would be employed in unscrewing the lock
Inut to cut, shear, or strip the projecting material of the washer which had been
forced into the interstices of the indentations or teeth of the nuts as already
described.
Secondly. In some cases one nut only may be employed in conjunction with a
washer of lead or other suitable material as last described, but in combination with
a metallic washer which would be indented or toothed on the top side and provided
with pins or other means of preventing it from turning round on the surface of
the material on which it is placed, when the method of screwing up, locking and
releasing could be effected in the manner similar to that described where the two
nuts are employed.
Thirdly. In lieu of the metallic indented washer last described being fitted with
pins to prevent its turning, a bolt may be employed with square, canted, eliptical
or other irregular formed shank or neck, the indented washer having a hole corre-
sponding to such form of shank or neck, and be so prevented from turning round.
Fourthly. In other cases as in a fish plate for a rail joint the fish plate or plates
may be provided, on the nut side, with indentations or teeth either on the surface
or on a projecting boss, when the application of the washer of lead or other suitable
material with one nut may be employed as in the method previously described.
We are aware that the employment of nuts and washers with indented or
tooth formed faces have been employed for such purposes, and likewise similar
nuts have been employed with the indented surfaces of articles such as fish
plates, but,
The essential feature of our Invention is the employment of a washer of lead or
other suitable ductile material interposed between the indented faces of two nuts,
or between the indented faces of one nut and a metallic washer, or between the
indented face of one nut and the corresponding indented face of the article with
which it is used, such as a fish plate, as herein described.
th: 10th
t1000

page_text: Connected therewith.
We, JOSEPH TRIPPETT, Manager, and THOMAS SEARLS, Steel Manufacturer, both
of Cannon Steel Works, Carlisle Street, Sheffield, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of our invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
LOCK NUTS AND APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH," and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by.
the following statement :-
The object of our Invention is to provide the means and appliances to prevent
nuts working loose on the bolts on which they are screwed, and by which they
may be firmly tightened or locked, we effect this object in the following manner,
namely,
°
We construct the nut or nuts to be employed as lock nuts with indentations on
one face, such indentations partaking of the shape of ratchett teeth formed radially
on the face of the nut somewhat like the teeth of a "face ratchet" but the face
of the indentations or teeth may be made with only a slight undercut, or they may
be made without undercut and at right angles to the face of the nut, the back of
the indentations or teeth may be formed with a curve and clearance similar to
ratchet teeth.
.
In conjunction with a nut or nuts so constructed we employ a washer of some
ductile material such as lead or other equivalent substance, and the method of the
application would be as follows.
First. In the ordinary application of lock nuts, as for example similar to those.
employed in the cap bolts for marine engine connecting rods, the proportion of
both nuts may be similar to those ordinarily employed, but in our improved
method the first or main nut would be plain on the face, next to the cap, and
indented or toothed on the back; and the second or lock nut would be indented on
the face side, so that when screwed upon the bolt, the indentations or teeth on
each nut would be opposite to and correspond with each other, and when the nuts
are loose off the bolts the indented or toothed surfaces would fit into each other as
in a face or claw coupling.
When the first nut as herein described has been screwed into its position on the
bolt to the requisite degree of tightness, with its indented face outwards, we then
place upon the bolt the washer of lead or other ductile suitable material, which
may be perfectly plain or otherwise on both faces, like, but somewhat thicker than
an ordinary washer.
(In some instances the washer may be made with indentations or partially
formed indentations corresponding to the indentations on the nuts on one or both
sides) we then screw the second or back nut on the bolt with the indented or toothed.
face inwards, and screw it up tightly until the lead or other suitable material by.
reason of its ductility has been forced by the pressure of the screwing to fill the
cavities of the indented toothed or ratchet formed faces of both nuts, the lock nut
being thus prevented from unscrewing by reason of the resistance of..the material

page_text: .
which has been forced into the cavities or interstices of the indentations or teeth
of both nuts which by this means become securely locked in position upon
the bolt.
To release the nuts a sufficient force would be employed in unscrewing the lock
nut to cut, shear, or strip the. projecting material of the washer which had been
forced into the interstices of the indentations or teeth of the nuts as already
described.
Secondly. In some cases one nut only may be employed in conjunction with a
washer of lead or other suitable material as last described, but in combination with
a metallic washer which would be indented or toothed on the top side and
provided with pins or other means of preventing it from turning round on the
surface of the material on which it is placed, when the method of screwing up
locking and releasing could be effected in the manner similar to that described
where the two nuts are employed.
Thirdly. In lieu of the metallic indented washer last described being fitted with
pins to prevent its turning, a bolt may be employed with square, canted, elliptical
or other irregular formed shank or neck, the indented washer having a hole
corresponding to such form of shank or neck and be so prevented from turning
round.
Fourthly, In other cases as in a fish plate for a rail joint, the fish plate or
plates may be provided on the nut side with indentations or teeth either on the
surface or on a projecting boss, when the application of the washer of lead or other
suitable material with one nut may be employed as in the method previously
described.
•
We are aware that the employment of nuts and washers with indented or tooth
formed faces have been employed for such purposes, and likewise, similar nuts
have been employed with the indented surfaces of articles such as fish plates, but,
The essential feature of our invention is the employment of a washer of lead or
other suitable ductile material interposed between the indented faces of two nuts,
or between the indented faces of one nut and a metallic washer, or between the
indented face of one nut and the corresponding indented face of the article with
which it is used, such as fish plates as herein described.
The nature of our Improvement may be better understood on reference to the
accompanying sheet of Drawings in which
Fig. 1, represents the indented or tooth face of one of our improved lock nuts.
Fig. 2. represents two such nuts screwed up into position on a bolt and locked
together with the intermediate washer of lead represented by the black line as
herein firstly described:
Fig. 3. represents the face, and
Fig. 4. the side elevation of a metallic indented washer which may be used
on the shank or neck of a bolt where one nut only is employed as herein thirdly
described.
. Figs. 5, 6, and 7 represent respectively the face, the back, and the side elevation
of a metallic washer as herein secondly described, and,
Figs. 8 and 9, represent the application of our Invention to fish plates and bolts
for rail joints as herein fourthly described (Fig. 9 being a section on the line A. B.)
the same letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views, in which,
a, a, are the indentations or teeth on the nut or nuts or metallic washer or
washers.
b, is the washer of lead or other ductile material.
c. is a pin or pins by which the metallic indented washer illustrated in Figs. 5,
6, and 7, may be prevented from turning round.
d, is an ordinary double headed rail.
e, e, is a fish plate or plates provided on the nut sides with indentations on a
projecting boss for use in conjunction with our improved method of locking nuta
as herein fourthly described,

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is,
(1.) An improved method of locking nuts by the employment of nuts withi
indentations or teeth on their faces in combination with a washer of lead or other
ductile material interposed between the indented faces of two such nuts as
illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 of the accompanying sheet of Drawings.
(2.) An improved method of locking a nut by the employment of a nut as herein
last described in combination with a washer of lead or other ductile material
interposed between the indented faces of one such nut and one such metallic
washer as is illustrated on Figs. 4, 5, 6, and 7, of the accompanying sheet of
Drawings.
(3.) An improved method of locking a nut as herein firstly and secondly
described in combination with a washer of lead or other ductile material interposed
between the indented face of one such nut and the indented face or projecting or
indented boss on a fish plate or other object substantially as illustrated in Figs. 8
and 9. of the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
(4.) Improvements in the construction of lock nuts and appliances connected and
used in combination therewith, substantially as herein described and illustrated on
the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
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