Improved Process of Manufacturing Knife and other Blanks.
Year: 1898

page_text: Improved Process of Manufacturing Knife and other Blanks.
I, JOSEPH NATHANIEL NUTT, of 3, Market Place, Derby, in the County of
Derby, Secretary to Charles Peach & Co. Limited, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
In the manufacture of table knives and other similar articles as heretofore
practised, whether the blade is provided, in addition to the bolster, with a handle
formed of the material of the blade or with a shank for insertion into the handle
or clamping between parts of the same of a material other than that of which
the blade is made, a steel rod of sufficient length to form one or two knives is
first shaped under a drop hammer to produce upon the blanks the bolster or
bolsters, by what is termed hot forging, the metal being heated to a temperature
rendering the same malleable.
The blade or blades is or are then drawn out by a rolling process which is also
effected at a high temperature of the metal, by which operation the blade is
shaped to its approximate form or thickness.
The knives or the like are then shaped to their ultimate form by grinding
with an emery wheel, which is sometimes preceded by a third hot forging or
compressing between dies to condense the fibre and thus improve the quality of
the metal.
In thus proceeding it has been found that the slag which is incidentally formed
upon the surface of the blade when being heated is by the rolling or forging
operations forced into the soft metal, which slag it is necessary by the after
operation of grinding to remove.
This removing of the slag by grinding, involves a number of objectionable
features, of which the following are a few (1) the slag being extremely hard it
is destructive of grinding wheels, (2) the cost in labour and time of the grinding
only to remove the slag is great, (3) the metal after having been thus ground
down to below the surface of the slag is inferior in texture and (4) as the slag
is not an uniform layer, but in spots, more or less extensive over the surface
of the blade, it follows that the subsequent forging forces the particles of slag
into the metal unevenly and that the removal of the slag leaves the surface of
uneven texture, which is of course, objectionable.
The object of my invention is to obviate these and other disadvantages, and
it consists in a process embracing a number of successive operations, which,
performed in the sequence herein set forth, constitute a new process of making
table cutlery.
In carrying out my invention, I proceed in the following manner :-
On the stock, (a short bar or rod of steel) heated to forging heat, I form the
bolster and the part of the blade contiguous to the bolster by hot forging under
a drop hammer in the manner well-known and practised. While hot, I then roll
the blade to its approximate form and thickness. During these two operations

page_text: of hot forging and rolling, the slag that is formed on the surface has been as it
were, incrustated into the metal.
I now subject the blanks to an annealing process, the effect of which is to
loosen or detach the slag from the metal.
The blade thus freed from the slag is then subjected to a final forging, but,
in order to avoid the formation of any slag, this last forging or compressing into
its ultimate shape before grinding, is done while the metal is cold, preferably
between special dies.
The effect of the compressing cold forging dies is that the inequalities existing
in the surface of the nietal of the blade, owing to the dropping out of the slag
during or after the annealing process have disappeared without any removal by
grinding of the metal which could be shaped by dies to very nearly the shape
which the ultimate grinding is to produce. Hence, economy in grinding and
superiority of metal.
Dated this 29th day of September 1898.
2.2. >
W. SWINDELL,
Agent for the Applicant.
Improved Process of Manufacturing Knife and other Blanks.
I, JOSEPHI NATHANIEL NUTT, of 3, Market Place, Derby, in the County of
Derby, Secretary to Charles Peach & Company Limited do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and. by the following statement:-
In the manufacture of table knives and other similar articles as heretofore
practised, whether the blade is provided, in addition to the bolster, with a handle
formed of the, material of the blade or with a shank for insertion into the handle
or clamping between parts of the same of a material other than that of which
the blade is made, a steel rod of sufficient length to form one or two knives is
first shaped under a drop hammer to produce upon the blanks the bolster or
bolsters, by what is termed hot forging, the metal being heated to a temperature
rendering the same malleable.
The blade or blades is or are then drawn out by a rolling process which is also
effected at a high temperature of the metal, by which operation the blade is
shaped to its approximate form or thickness.
The knives or the like are then shaped to their ultimate form by grinding
with an emery wheel, which is sometimes preceded by a third hot forging or
compressing between dies to condense the fibre and thus improve the quality of
the metal.
In thus proceeding it has been found that the slag which is incidentally formed
upon the surface of the blade when being heated is by the rolling or forging
operations forced into the soft metal, which slag it is necessary by the after
operation of grinding to remove.
This removing of the slag by grinding, involves a number of objectionable
features, of which the following are a few (1) the slag being extremely hard it
is destructive of grinding wheels, (2) the cost in labour and time of the grinding
only to remove the slag is great, (3) the metal after having been thus ground
down to below the surface of the slag is inferior in texture and (4) as the slag
is not an uniform layer, but in spots, more or less extensive over the surface
of the blade, it follows that the subsequent forging forces the particles of slag

page_text: into the metal unevenly and that the removal of the slag leaves the surface of
uneven texture, which is of course, objectionable.
The object of my invention is to obviate these and other disadvantages, and
it consists in a process embracing a number of successive operations, which,
performed in the sequence herein set forth, constitute a new process of making
table cutlery.
In carrying out my invention, I proceed in the following manner:
On the stock, (a short bar or rod of steel) heated to forging heat, I form the
bolster and the part of the blade contiguous to the bolster by hot forging under
a drop hammer in the manner well-known and practised. While hot, I then roll
the blade to its approximate form and thickness. During these two operations
of hot forging and rolling, the slag that is formed on the surface has been as it
were, incrustated into the metal.
I now subject the blanks to an annealing process, the effect of which is to
loosen or detach the slag from the metal.
The blade thus freed from the slag is then subjected to a final forging, but,
in order to avoid the formation of any slag, this last forging or compressing into
its ultimate shape before grinding, is done while the metal is cold, preferably
between special dies.
The effect of the compressing cold forging dies is that the inequalities existing
in the surface of the metal of the blade, owing to the dropping out of the slag
during or after the annealing process have disappeared without any removal by
grinding of the metal which could be shaped by dies to very nearly the shape
which the ultimate grinding is to produce. Hence, economy in grinding and
superiority of metal.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. The process of manufacturing knife and other blanks, consisting in forming
the bolster by hot forging, then rolling the blade while hot to its approximate
form and thickness, then annealing the blade for removing slag therefrom, then
further forging the blade while cold, and then grinding the blade, as set forth.
2. The process of manufacturing knife and other blanks, consisting in forming
the bolster and a part of the blade next to the bolster by hot forging, then
rolling the blade while hot to its approximate form and thickness, then annealing
the blade for removing slag therefrom, then further forging the blade while
cold, and then grinding the blade, as set forth.
Dated this 97th day of T 1900
W. SWINDELL,
Imperial Chambers, Albert Street, Derby,
Agent for the Applicant.
W. SWINDELL,
Imperial Chambers, Albert Street, Derby,
Agent for the Applicant.