IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BLOCKS OR SLABS FOR PAVING AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO Applicable for the Manu-. DADE AR DIDUS AND THING BAD SOWACH AND DRAINING
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Woodward, of Darlington, in the County
of Durham, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF BLOCKS OR SLABS FOR PAVING AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SUCH
MANUFACTURE, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO Applicable for the Manu-.
DADE AR DIDUS AND THING BAD SOWACH AND DRAINING”
Sealed the 7th July 1874, and dated the 9th January 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Woodward at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 9th January 1874.
I, JOSEPH WOODWARD, of Darlington, in the County of Durham, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF BLOCKS OR SLABS FOR PAVING AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED™
IN SUCH MANUFACTURE, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF PIPES AND TILES FOR SEWAGE AND DRAINING," to be as
follows:-

page_text: refuse, slag, or scoria which exudes from blast furnaces employed in the
smelting of iron or other ores.
Secondly. In the employment of an endless chain of travelling moulds
for receiving such refuse, slag, or scoria, moulding the same into form
and delivering the blocks, slabs, pipes, or tiles when moulded and set.
And, Thirdly. In an arrangement of travelling platform on to which
the moulded blocks or other articles are delivered, and which travelling
forward very slowly carries the same through an annealing ehamber or
furnace, and delivers them properly annealed at the other end.
The slag or scoria in its molten state as it issues from the spout of the
slag hole is run direct into one of the moulds, and when this is full the
chain is moved forwards a sufficient distance to bring the next mould
beneath the spout to be filled, and so on continuously.
The chain of moulds passes round two rollers carried by a truck a
trolley, and as each mould arrives at its furthest position from the spout
and commences turning over the roller, a latch which holds the sides of
the mould together comes against an inclined projection which lifts the
latch and allows the sides of the mould to fall asunder on hinges and
throw out the moulded block or other article, which by this time is
perfectly set and hard.
As the blocks or other articles are delivered, an attendant provided
with tongs or other suitable instrument arranges them upon a slowly
travelling platform, which carries them immediately into the mouth of
the annealing chamber or furnace. This mouth is made of a sufficient
width to admit a number of the blocks side by side, and the furnace or a
chamber must be sufficiently long, and the platform travel at such a
slow pace that by the time the blocks or other articles have arrived at
the other end and pass out at a similar mouth they shall be sufficiently
annealed or gradually cooled through as to prevent their liability to crack
or fracture.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
and of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, filed by the said Joseph
Woodward in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 28th July 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
WOODWARD, of Darlington, in the County of Durham, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent bearing date the Ninth day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant, unto me, the said Joseph Woodward, Her special license
that the said Joseph Woodward, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph Woodward, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF BLOCKS OR SLABS FOR PAVING AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED
IN SUCH MANUFACTURE, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF PIPES AND TILES FOR SEWAGE AND DRAINAGE," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said Joseph Woodward, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent.
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that-I, the said Joseph Woodward, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to

page_text: refuse, slag, or scoria which exudes from blast furnaces employed in the
smelting of iron or other ores.
Secondly. In the employment of an endless chain of travelling moulds
for receiving such refuse, slag, or scoria, moulding the same into form,
and delivering the blocks or slabs when moulded and set.
And, Thirdly. In an arrangement of endless travelling platform, on to
which the moulded blocks or other articles are delivered, and which
travelling forward very slowly carries the same through an annealing
kiln, or furnace and delivers them properly annealed at the other
end.
Such being the nature and object of the said Invention, I will
now proceed to describe more in detail the manner in which the same is
to be or may be performed or carried into practical effect, and in
order that the same may be clearly understood, I have annexed here-
unto a Sheet of Drawings illustrating the construction and working of
the chain of moulds and the truck or trolly for carrying them, and have
marked the same with figures and letters of reference corresponding
with those in the following explanation thereof.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the truck or trolly with its chain of
moulds, and Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same.
a, a, is the truck or trolly, on which is raised the wrought iron
frame b, b, supporting two rollers c, c, (one at each end), and over these
rollers passes the endless chain of travelling moulds d, d.
The slag or scoria in its molten state as it issues from the spout of the
slag hole is run direct into one of the moulds d, d, and when this is full
the chain is moved forwards by hand or otherwise a sufficient distance.
to bring the next mould beneath the spout to be filled, and so on
continuously.
The chain of moulds passes round the two rollers c, c, carried by a
truck or trolley a, a, and as each mould arrives at its furthest position
from the spout and commences turning over the roller a latch e, e, which
holds the sides of the mould together comes against an inclined pro-
jection ff, which lifts the latch and allows the sides of the mould to
fall asunder on hinges, as shewn detached at Fig. 3, and throw out
the moulded block or other article, which by this time is perfectly set
and hard.

page_text: As each mould is returning beneath the centre of the roller c hangs
downwards the sides fall into place again by their own weight, and the
latch falls into its notch and holds them fast together ready to be
charged again with fresh scoria.
As the blocks or other articles are delivered an attendant, provided
with tongs or other suitable instrument, arranges them upon a
slowly travelling platform, which carries them immediately into the
mouth of the annealing kiln, or furnace. This mouth is made of a
sufficient width to admit a number of the blocks side by side, and the
furnace or chamber must be sufficiently 'long and the platform travel at
such a slow pace that by the time the blocks or other articles have
arrived at the other end and pass out at a similar mouth they shall be
sufficiently annealed or gradually heated through as to prevent their
liability to crack or fracture.
The construction of this travelling platform and annealing furnace is
so simple that I have not thought it necessary to illustrate it by
Drawings, as it may be varied considerably so long as the chief
features are maintained, which are that the platform must travel at such
a slow pace and the furnace or chamber must be of such a length that
the blocks or other articles will be sufficiently annealed before they reach
the other end. And as the blocks are delivered from the moulds at such
a speed that it would be impossible to carry them through singly without
having a furnace of an exceedingly inconvenient length, the platform
and the furnace or annealing chamber must be made of sufficient width
that the blocks can be arranged and carried through in transverse
rows, a sufficient number being laid in each row to compensate for the
difference in speed, that is to say, if the blocks are delivered ten times
as fast as the platform could carry them on, then the platform and
furnace must be of a sufficient width to admit of a transverse row of
ten blocks.
Having now described the nature and object of my said Invention,
together with the manner in which the same is to be or may be per-
formed or carried into practical effect, I wish it to be understood that I
claim as my Invention,―
Firstly. Making blocks for paving roads and slabs or clinkers for foot-
paths and curbs, as well as pipes and tiles for sewage and drainage,
from the molten refuse, slag, or scoria which exudes from blast furnaces