matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF REGULATING THE ADMISSION AND EXIT OF STEAM OR OTHER EXPANSIVE MATTER INTO CYLINDERS OF ENGINES OR OTHER MOTORS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th June 1877. A communication
from abroad by Edward Baines, of the City of Toronto, in the Dominion of
Canada, Mechanical Engineer.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Patent Agents,
of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MODE OF REGULATING THE ADMISSION AND EXIT OF STEAM OR OTHER EXPANSIVE
MATTER INTO CYLINDERS OF ENGINES OR OTHER MOTORS." A communication
from abroad by Edward Baines, of the City of Toronto, in the Dominion of Canada,
Mechanical Engineer.
The Invention relates to an improvement which is applicable to engines or motors
driven by steam, air, gas, vapour, or other expansive matter capable of being used
as an operating medium for machinery; and my improvement consists in placing
a valve gate or other suitable appliance on the exhaust pipe or port of the cylinder,
so arranged as to prevent and regulate the admission of steam, air, gas, vapour, or
other expansive matter into the cylinder by the exhaust pipe or port after each
discharge of the exhaust, by which means the vacuum or approach to a vacuum
in the cylinder, caused by the exhaust of the expansive operating matter, is preserved
after each stroke of the piston.
I do not claim or limit myself to the use of any special style of construction of
valve, as the construction of such a valve may be very much varied and still
produce the result required. I do however recommend the use of a balanced valve
in order that the outgoing steam may have the least check to its exhaust.
In the operation of an engine the steam or other operating medium at the end of
the piston's stroke instantly rushes out of the cylinder with great velocity through
the ports and exhaust pipe, leaving a very perfect vacuum in the cylinder. In the
ordinary method of exhaust in engines or motors this vacuum is instantly destroyed
after the force of the exhaust is spent by the admission of air through the exhaust
pipe and ports. In an engine fitted with my improvement on the exhaust pipe or
ports when the exhausting matter has passed the valve the force of the atmosphere,
or other opposing agent, rushing to fill the vacuum in the cylinder immediately

page_text: closes the valve and secures the vacuum, thus giving a large per-centage of the
economical and other beneficial results obtained by a vacuum or partial vacuum at
a very small cost.
To fully utilize and obtain the full benefits of this Invention the steam or other
operating expansive medium must be allowed to escape freely from the cylinder
without drag.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPERTAINING TO MACHINES FOR MANUFACTURING OAKUM
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Morgan at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 31st December 1877. Partly a communication
from abroad from John M. Blake, of New York (City, County, and State).
JAMES MORGAN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN OR APPERTAINING TO MACHINES FOR MANUFACTURING OAKUM." [Partly a com-
munication from abroad from John M. Blake, of New York (City, County, and
State).]
My Invention has for its object to enable me to produce a better quality of oakum,
and consists in a machine composed of a conical casing, within which rotates a
correspondingly shaped drum, a space being left between the two for the passage
of the stock, which is fed in at or near the top of the casing, and is acted upon by
a series of pins or teeth projecting from the interior of the casing and the exterior
of the drum, the pins inclining in opposite directions and slightly downward, and
serving to tear the stock and separate the fibres, at the same time feeding it down
and out of the machine in a proper condition to be carded; the stock before being
placed in the machine being subjected to the action of steam, which softens it and
facilitates the operation of opening the strands and separating the fibres. The
conical drum is usually placed vertically, being carried by a strong frame, a beam
above carrying a bearing for the vertical shaft, which is stepped in the bottom of the
frame, and can be driven in any convenient manner.
The stock composed of old rope, cut into suitable lengths after having been
softened by subjecting it to the action of steam, is introduced through an opening
at or near the top of the casing, and is at once caught between the rows of pins as
the drum revolves, tearing open and separating the fibres, which are delivered in a
condition fit for carding through the open bottom of the machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR CUTTING HAY, STRAW, AND OTHER VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Gadsby Richmond and Henry
Chandler at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st July
1877.
JAMES GADSBY RICHMOND and HENRY CHANDLER, both of Salford, in the County
of Lancaster, Agricultural Implement Makers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR
CUTTING HAY, STRAW, AND OTHER VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES."
In machines for cutting hay, straw, and other vegetable substances, it frequently
happens that the machine becomes choked; it is then necessary to reverse the
direction of motion of the toothed rollers in order to discharge the vegetable sub-
stances in the machine.
In machines of the ordinary construction as soon as the vegetable substances are
released from between the toothed rollers they expand, and are liable to be caught
by the toothed rollers and carried round by them in the wrong direction, thereby
causing injury to the various parts of the machine. Now our Invention consists in
an improved mode of reversing the motion of the toothed rollers and the feeding
apron, so that the moment the toothed rollers begin to back, the vegetable substances
discharged by them are carried away from the toothed rollers by the feeding
apron.
A convenient mode of carrying our Invention into operation is by moving the
sliding clutch box on the fly wheel shaft by a reversing lever. This clutch box
takes into clutches on two bevel pinions, which are loose on the fly wheel shaft.
Both these pinions gear into a wheel on the line shaft, which is connected by the
ordinary gearing to the toothed rollers, and to the roller which drives the feeding
apron. When the reversing lever is pushed forwards the sliding clutch box is
brought into gear with the reversing pinion, thereby simultaneously reversing the
movement of the toothed rollers and the feeding apron.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BORING ROCKS AND SIMILAR MATERIAL
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Shaw and William Timbrell
Clark at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th February
1877.
JOHN SHAW, of Ovenden, near Halifax, in the County of York, Contractors'
Agent, and WILLIAM TIMBRELL CLARK, of Queensbury, near Halifax, aforesaid,
Mechanical Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BORING
ROCKS AND SIMILAR MATERIAL."
This Invention relates to improved machinery for drilling and boring rock and
other minerals, and the improvements consist in the employment of a cylinder and
a piston rod with two pistons thereon. Steam, air, or other elastic fluid is intro-
duced into the middle of the cylinder, and acting on one or other of the pistons
closes the exhaust and forces the steam or air from one piston to the other piston.
This is effected by one or other of the pistons coming into contact with a slide
valve, which at the proper time closes the required "port" or "ports," leaving other
port" or ports" open. The drill being fixed or attached to one end of the
piston rod is automatically fed into the rock at every blow of the piston by means
of a small cylinder fixed to the side of the above-named cylinder, and so arranged
that steam or air will pass from the large or first-named cylinder to the small
cylinder, and act upon suitably arranged catches and wheels; or we may introduce
the steam or air into the middle of the slide valve, and use the body or space
between the two pistons for the purpose of exhaust.
<
"
IMPROVEMENTS IN THROSTLE FRAMES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clayton Mewburn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th September 1877. A communi-
cation from abroad by Jean Glorie, of Lille, France.
JOHN CLAYTON MEWBURN, of 169, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent and Consulting Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THROSTLE FRAMES." [A
communication from abroad by Jean Glorie, of Lille, France.]
This Invention has reference to the means of regulating the friction of the bobbins
in throstle frames. Various contrivances have already been proposed for this
purpose. In many of them there has been fitted at the front of the lifting or
copping rail a notched bar, to which a longitudinal displacement has been given.
In some this translation has been produced by changing the continuous circular move-
ment of the drawing cylinder into a continuous rectilinear movement by means of
endless screws, geared wheels and pinions, screws and racks; in others the alternating
rectilinear movement of the lifting or copping rail has been utilized to produce an
intermittent rectilinear movement, which was obtained by means of pauls acting on
a rack mounted on a screw; this screw acted on a nut applied to a certain point of
the notched bar. But none of these contrivances have given the results anticipated,
or have been generally adopted, and this has been owing to the circumstance that,
notwithstanding certain advantages, some drawbacks remained; in fact for the
progressive displacement of the notched bar, and consequently the break cords, these
latter in passing over the notched bars have been, so to speak, restrained, which has
caused a rapid wear of the cords and also diminished the sensitiveness of the
apparatus on account of the excessive friction of the cord on the regulating bar.
Now this Invention has for object to overcome these defects, and it consists in
applying on the regulating bar pulleys, over which the cords pass, and which enable
them to preserve all desirable sensitiveness, and permit them to rigorously obey the
action of the tightening weight attached to their ends without their being sub-
mitted to the passive resistances which are given to cords passing through fixed
notches. It is preferred to mount these pulleys in pivoted brackets or frames, the
two sides or cheeks of which embrace the cord. The bracket, and therefore the
pulley, are thus compelled to present themselves to the cord in such manner that

page_text: the latter always passes over the pulley in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the
pulley.
Another new mode of regulating the friction consists in fitting on the lifting or
copping rail a shaft, carrying a screw opposite each spindle. The break cord passes
through one of the screw threads. When the screw shaft turns in one direction
the break cords are equally displaced, and this produces an automatic regulation of
the friction.
In order to make the screw shaft in a cheap manner it may be composed of a rod
or tube, on which wire is wound to form the screw, such wire being soldered or
brased to the rod or tube at intervals.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEANING SHIPS' BOTTOMS AND LIKE SUBMERGED STRUCTURES WHILE AFLOAT
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Holme Davis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th March 1877.
WILLIAM HOLME DAVIS, of 202, Lewisham High Road, in the County of Kent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEANING SHIPS' BOTTOMS AND LIKE SUBMERGED
STRUCTURES WHILE AFLOAT."
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for cleaning ship's bottoms
and like submerged structures while afloat, and consists of a drum covered with
felt, canvas, or other material, but preferably with india-rubber (in bands or in
sheet), working in a frame which carries two circular brushes. These brushes are
inado to rotate as the drum revolves on its axis by means either of a chain passing
round the driving pulley, by gearing with cog wheels, or by a friction pulley covered
with india-rubber, and acting on the driving pulley of the drum and that of the
brush, or by a combination of these means.
The frame is furnished with friction rollers which assist its motion over curves
in a ship's side; it is also provided with suspending irons, to which are attached ropes
one suspending the machine from the ship's side, the other passing under the ship
and hauled taut on deck on the other side.
Motion is given to the drum through its friction with the ship's side, causing it to
revolve as it is lowered or hauled up in contact with the vessel.
The machine may be guided fore and aft the ship by means of a slipper sliding
on the keel; it may also be used fore and aft the ship as a double machine, sliding
or rolling one on each side the keel, or as a single machine where the bottom of the
vessel is flat, the floating force of the apparatus alone or assisted by the pull of the
hauling ropes keeping it in contact with the bottom of the ship, whilst its motion
is regulated by guy ropes over the ship's side.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR BUTTONS, SHIRT STUDS, SOLITAIRES, AND OTHER ARTICLES of JewellerY AND DRESS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Platnauer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th May 1877.
LOUIS PLATNAUER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick.
"IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR BUTTONS, SHIRT STUDS, SOLITAIRES, AND OTHER ARTICLES
of JewellerY AND DRESS."
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in the con-
struction of buttons, shirt studs, solitaires, and other articles of jewellery and dress,
the chief feature of this my said Invention being to dispense with the sewing
usually employed for attaching to articles of dress.
I will now describe my Invention as applied to a button: I take the ordinary
disc, and to the back I affix centrally a wire, the line of which is spiral, the apex
pointed and partially straight; this point is passed through any desired part of the
dress, and with a circular movement becomes engaged; the action reversed releases
the same.
This Invention can be applied to brooches, scarf pins, and other like purposes
where portability and security are desirable.
IN BOTT LIQU
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Thomas Read at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th June 1877.
WILLIAM THOMAS READ, of St. Pancras Road, Middlesex.
CONTAINED IN BOTTLES."
"COOLING LIQUOR
This is an Invention for cooling liquor contained in bottles. To attain this object
I employ a wrapper made of cotton or other absorbent material, and woven as
nearly as possible to the shape of the bottle it is intended to envelope. After
saturating this wrapper with water or spirit I draw it over the bottle which may
be placed in a saucer containing the same liquid, allowing the bottom of the wrapper
to dip into the liquid so as to keep it moist by capillary attraction; as the water or
spirit evaporates the liquor contained in the bottle is cooled.
I lay no claim to the general principle of cooling by evaporation, but what I do
claim is the employment of a wrapper woven to the shape of a bottle, whereby
evaporation is promoted, and all its cooling effects are quickly communicated to the
contents of the bottle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS AND FASTENERS FOR TRAVELLING BAGS, PORTMANTEAUS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Moritz Wolfsky at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th September 1877.
MORITZ WOLFSKY, of Water Lane, Blackfriars, in the City of London, Merchant.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS AND FASTENERS FOR TRAVELLING BAGS, PORTMANTEAUS,
AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES."
This Invention consists in improvements in the mechanism of locks and fasteners
for travelling bags, portmanteaus, and other similar articles, whereby a perfect and
secure locking and fastening is obtained; and in order that this my Invention may
be readily understood, I have annexed a Drawing of the same, wherein similar
letters of reference indicate similar parts in all the Figures.
Fig. 1 represents a front or face view; Fig. 2 a longitudinal section of same;
and Fig. 3, a transverse section.
Fig. 4 a plan view of the centre plate.
Fig. 5, bottom plate showing slot for catch; and Figs. 51 and 5% represent plan
and end views of the catch; and Figure 6 represents the upper plate.
a is a case or cover in which is placed the mechanism of the catch and lock; b
is a half-circular barrel piece to which the top plate c is attached by means of the
stud or stem d; there is a tail c³ at the end of the plate c, which tail is received
between two joggles, f¹, f, on bottom plate f, which latter so as to receive
and retain the catch g, Figs. 51 and 52, the springs e, e, actuating the parts
in the usual manner in spring catches, that is to say, on closing the bag the catch g
comes in contact with the projection on the plate f, and has sufficient to drive
that plate and the upper one c back against the force of the springs e, e.
When the bag is completely closed the catch g has advanced far enough for the
projection f to come opposite to the slot in the catch g, at which time the springs
e, e, return the plate f to its normal position, and the projection f² enters the slot g'
in g, and secures the catch.

page_text: The locking is performed in the following manner:- -After the bag has been closed
and the catch secured, as before described, the plate f can be locked in that position
by the sliding bolt h, the tail piece of which, by means of an ordinary key, can be
moved until it is on the other side of the bend h' in the spring h*; this prevents
any movements of the parts until it is again unlocked.
EXTRACTING OR SEPARATING METALS, ESPECIALLY PRECIOUS METALS, GOLD, SILVER, AND PLATINUM FOUND NATIVE IN MINERALS, AND DIFFERENT SCORIAS AND SLAGS PRODUCED AT ALUM SHALE MINES, IRON, LEAD, COPPER, ZINC, AND TIN MINES, AS WELL AS THE SCORIAS AND SLAGS FROM IRON, LEAD, COPPER, ZINC, AND TIN WORKS, FROM THEIR SILICATES, ALUMINATES, SULPHUR, AND OTHER IMPURITIES INJURIOUS TO METALS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Peter Kagenbusch and Robert
Henry Kerr at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th August
1877.
JOHN PETER KAGENBUSCH, of 84, Falmouth Road, London, Manufacturing
Chemist and Mining Director, and ROBERT HENRY KERR, of Whitehouse Buildings,
Pilgrim Street, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Accountant. "EXTRACTING OR SEPARATING
METALS, ESPECIALLY PRECIOUS METALS, GOLD, SILVER, AND PLATINUM FOUND
NATIVE IN MINERALS, AND DIFFERENT SCORIAS AND SLAGS PRODUCED AT ALUM
SHALE MINES, IRON, LEAD, COPPER, ZINC, AND TIN MINES, AS WELL AS THE
SCORIAS AND SLAGS FROM IRON, LEAD, COPPER, ZINC, AND TIN WORKS, FROM
THEIR SILICATES, ALUMINATES, SULPHUR, AND OTHER IMPURITIES INJURIOUS TO
METALS."
We well roast the mineral or scorias with one quarter of its weight of coal, throw
it red hot into cold water twice, then use the ordinary fluxes, according to the
'mineral or scorias from which the precious metals are to be extracted, with loz. of
sulphate of copper and 1oz. of sulphate of zinc to one pound weight of mineral or
scorias, in order to create electricity, with an additional flux, of, say carbonate of
soda, to get the mass in a fluid state. Metal will then be produced in either
crucibles or furnaces which contains the precious metals, gold, silver, and platinum,
and which can be refined in the ordinary way.
APPARATUS FOR CLIPPING HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS, PART OF THE IMPROVE- MENTS BEING APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Tom Garthwaite at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th May 1877.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
TOM GARTHWAITE, of Witham, in the County of Essex.
APPARATUS FOR CLIPPING HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS, PART OF THE IMPROVE-
MENTS BEING APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES."
This Invention consists in the construction of an improved apparatus for clipping
horses and other animals, and for shearing sheep, part of the improvements being
also applicable to mowing, reaping, and other cutting machines.
In constructing a horse clipper, according to these improvements, I employ two
circular plates or cutters, the upper one having teeth all round, while the lower one
has teeth on half its circumference only. On the lower cutting plate is screwed a
short hollow pin on which the top cutter revolves, a flat headed screw with a short
necked washer underneath securing the two cutters together.
The apparatus has two handles, as usual, but I form the right-hand handle in two
parts jointed together, the end of the parts forming the joint being made with a
curved slot, through which passes a bolt with a screw nut and washer. In the slot
of the upper part of the handle is secured a small metal roller revolving on a pin on
the lower part of the handle. On the upper cutter is a pin, on which can revolve
the upper end of a straight flat steel spring, the lower end of the said spring being
secured to the top part of the right-hand handle. By this construction of horse
clipper the opening of the right-hand handle will draw down the herein-before
described spring, which, acting on the upper cutter, will move it through about a
quarter of a revolution. The spring in descending is inflected, and the handle
being opened to its full extent relieves the spring, which straightens itself, forcing
the upper cutter to complete a little more than the half revolution, and as the same
effect is produced by the closing of the handle it follows that the opening and closing
of the handle will effect the complete revolution of the cutter.
It will be understood, without further description, that this improved cutting
arrangement is applicable to mowing, reaping, and other cutting machines.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE EXTRACTION OF FOUL AIR AND GAS FROM ČOAL OR OTHER MINES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Edwards at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th March 1877.
JOSEPH EDWARDS, of Chorley, in the County of Lancaster, Manager. "IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR THE EXTRACTION OF FOUL AIR AND GAS FROM ČOAL OR OTHER
MINES."
My Invention has for its object the saving of life and property in coal or other
mines by the extraction of the foul air and gases accumulating and confined for
want of a constant current of air, which I obtain by first extracting such foul air or
gas, and providing a clear passage for a current of air from the mouth of the shaft
or mine, and this being constant, all danger from fire or explosion is removed. To
effect this I fix at the top or bottom of shaft or entrance to a mine a steam engine
or engines, by which I work a fan or fans, or exhaust or vacuum pumps, or their
equivalents. From these I carry perfectly air-tight exhaust pipes branched to any
part of the workings in the mine.
When the apparatus is fixed at the bottom of the shaft in the pit I carry a delivery
pipe considerably larger than the suction up the shaft, and outside of the pit a
natural current of pure air from the mouth of the pit will take the place of the foul
matter extracted, and should not such be the case to the extent required by the
rapid accumulation of foul air or gases, I place similar fan or force pump to draw
the pure air from the mouth of the pit into the several workings. I carry a main
suction pipe into the main gangway of the mine, from which I carry branches to the
workings right and left, and where convenient at the top of such gangways
suspended in the main pipes I place midfeathers to guide the current. I likewise
bell the mouths of the suction pipes for extracting and in all the branches, and for
pure air delivery I bell such deliveries, so that in the suction it has a free ingress to
main suction pipe, and in delivery a spreading egress to all parts of the workings.
The before-mentioned midfeathers are to keep the several draughts from coming
in contact and interfering with each other. To each of these branch suction or
delivery pipes close to the main I place a door or valve, so that should any one of
these side workings be stopped or worked out, or not required from any other cause,
its connection is cut off until required again..
Paine 71

page_text: Such connections are made for the pure air feed likewise only the action and
midfeathers will be reversed, and instead of being suspended at the top of the gang-
way will be laid on the floor, leaving sufficient room to carry on the work. By
these means the managers or overlookers will have full control over the ventilation
of the mine.
AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR PRESERVING FISHES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Pietro Toninetti, Chymist, in the City of Hamburg,
Germany, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR PRESERVING
FISHES."
Sealed the 16th November 1877, and dated the 19th May 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Pietro Toninetti at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th May 1877.
PIETRO TONINETTI, Chymist, in the City of Hamburg, Germany.
METHOD FOR PRESERVING FISHES."
"AN IMPROVED
This Invention relates to an improved method for preserving fishes, and consists
of soaking fish by means of an injection through the eyes, or by means of a bath
with a solution containing per litre water the following ingredients:-
Natrum biboratum
Natrum boratuin
Cloruri sodium pur
Kali nitricum -
grammes 50
150
"
50
"
25
"
This solution will in most cases be sufficient for preservation of fish, but if a
longer or shorter duration of conservation should be demanded a stronger or weaker
solution of the above-named ingredients can be used.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Pietro Toninetti in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 19th November
1877.
PIETRO TONINETTI, Chymist, in the City of Hamburg, Germany. "AN IMPROVED
METHOD FOR PRESERVING FISHES."
This Invention relates to an improved method for preserving fishes, and consists
of soaking fishes by means of an injection through the eyes or by means of a bath
with a solution containing per litre water the following ingredients:-
Natrum biboratum
Natrum boratum
Cloruri sodium pur
Kali nitricum -
grammes 50
150
50
25
»
This solution will in most cases be sufficient for preservation of fish, but if a
longer or shorter duration of conservation should be demanded a stronger or weaker
solution of the above-named ingredients can be used...
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be perforined, I declare that I claim, the method of preserving fishes as
herein-before set forth, particularly by the injection of the ingredients in solution
referred to.
In witness whereof, I, the said Piętro Toninetti, have hereunto set my hand
and scal, this Second day of November, One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-seven
IMPROVEMENTS IN TINNING WIRE
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Walker and Sam Wood at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th March 1877.
ROBERT WALKER and SAM WOOD, of Cleckheaton, in the County of York.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TINNING WIRE"
Our Invention consists in first passing the wire through a solution of blue vitrol,
and afterwards through an amalgam of mercury and tin. This process of tinning
is free from the disagreeable odours which accompanying the ordinary heated
processes.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MODE OF TREATING THE REFUSE OF SEAL SKINS IN ORDER TO MANUFACTURE VARIOUS ARTICLES THEREFROM
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick George Morton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th December 1877.
FREDERICK GEORGE MORTON, of 3, New Cross Road, in the County of Surrey,
Engineer. "A NEW OR IMPROVED MODE OF TREATING THE REFUSE OF SEAL SKINS
IN ORDER TO MANUFACTURE VARIOUS ARTICLES THEREFROM."
The object of my Invention is to utilize in a more profitable manner than here-
tofore the waste cuttings or fleshings of seal skins usually called "seal refuse."
For this purpose I take the waste cuttings or fleshings and cleanse them, and I then
by means of a rag-beating engine or otherwise, reduce them to the state of pulp,
either alone or with the addition of other animal or vegetable fibres. I next, after
straining off the water, form the material into continuous lengths, pieces, or sheets, or
into any other required shapes, by means of moulds, or otherwise. The continuous
lengths are particularly adapted for use as driving bands and card backs, and the
pieces or sheets as floor cloths, mill boards, and other like purposes, while the
moulded pieces may be employed as boot heels, and for various other useful and
ornamental purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES, AND IN APPARATUS FOR APPLICATION THERETO TO RENDER THEM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING A BUTTON-HOLE STITCH
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Powers, George Perkins, and
Charles Wilson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th
November 1877.
CHARLES POWERS, of Sheffield, in the County of York, and GEORGE PERKINS
and CHARLES WILSON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN SEWING MACHINES, AND IN APPARATUS FOR APPLICATION THERETO TO RENDER
THEM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING A BUTTON-HOLE STITCH."
Our Invention relates to apparatus for over-casting or for producing a button-
hole stitch, and adapted to be employed in the formation or finishing of button-holes,
and has for its object to render ordinary sewing machines capable of producing the
said stitch. To this end we construct an appliance which can be readily applied to
or removed from a sewing machine, and which, when applied, renders the machine
capable of making the button-hole stitch, at the same time that the machine may
be used for ordinary sewing when the appliance is removed.
We attach the parts or the principal parts of the apparatus to or on a throat
plate which can be substituted for the ordinary throat plate of the machine. We
employ a curved needle, which is jointed to an arm in such a manner as to be
free to swivel to some extent. The said arm is fixed or formed on a rocking shaft
or is jointed to the throat plate, and on the said shaft and attached to or connected
with the said arm is a second arm or part which is acted upon by the shuttle carrier
as it passes to and fro, in such a manner as that the end of the said curved needle
is projected through an opening in the throat plate which is or may be surrounded
by a raised guard. The said curved needle is formed with an eye, and is threaded
with sewing thread or silk, or sewing material. The said curved needle acts in
conjunction with the ordinary sewing machine needle to form the required stitch.
The swivel joint of the curved needle enables the said needle to be moved nearer
to or in contact with the ordinary needle by the movement of the material being
sewn when fed forwards.

page_text: To enable the shuttle carrier to impart the required movements to the curved
needle, it is so altered in form as to have a space which is entered by the arm or
part upon which the said carrier acts when a loop is to be formed, or the said
carrier is otherwise fitted to impart the required movements to the curved needle.
We prefer to employ a spring to assist the movements of the said curved needle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SOLITAIRES, SLEEVE LINKS, AND OTHER LIKE FASTENINGS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Frederick Spittle and William
Pearce at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th September
1877.
WILLIAM FREDERICK SPITTLE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manager of Works, and WILLIAM PEARCE, of Handsworth, in the County of Stafford,
Manufacturing Jeweller. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SOLITAIRES, SLEEVE LINKS, AND
OTHER LIKE FASTENINGS."
Our Invention has reference to such solitaires, sleeve links, and other like fastenings
as consist of two parts, which are respectively passed through holes or openings in
the two parts of the dress to be fastened together, and which said parts of the
fastening are afterwards engaged together by a snapping or other action.
Fastenings of the kind referred to have this inconvenience, that when the two
parts are separated from one another there is nothing to connect them with the
dress, and they are hence free to fall from the holes in the dress through which they
had been passed.
Our Invention has for its object to remedy the defect referred to, and consists in
adding a flange or collar to each part of the fastening. The said collars are placed
upon the stem and tube respectively of the two parts of the fastening in such positions
that when the two parts of the fastening are connected together the two collars are
brought into or nearly into contact.
In using a fastening containing our improvements the collars described are passed
through the holes of the article of dress, and the parts of the fastening are respec-
tively attached to the two parts of the dress, the parts of the dress being situated
between the said collars and the front and back discs of the fastening.
The two parts of the fastening are engaged together, and disengaged from one
another in the usual way, and when disengaged remain attached to the two parts
of the dress.
In applying our Invention to fastenings, the parts of which may conveniently be
fixed permanently to the article, as in glove fastenings, the collars on the front and
back discs of the fastening may be connected to their respective discs by screws, so

page_text: that the two parts of the glove may be firmly grasped between the collars and the
discs of the two parts of the fastening.
Where, as in collar and sleeve studs, the fastening requires to be capable of easy
removal, we connect the parts of the fastening to the parts of the dress by simply
passing the collars described through the holes in the dress.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES FOR TRAMWAY CARS AND SIMILAR VEHICLES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Hedley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th April 1877.
ROBERT HEDLEY, of Wharf Road, Cubitt Town, Isle of Dogs, Poplar, Middlesex,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES FOR TRAMWAY CARS AND SIMILAR
VEHICLES."
33
The object of these improvements is, as expressed in the name, to mount tho
whole steam power on a single pair of wheels, and thus gain the following advant-
ages, viz., the use of any size, but more especially driving wheels of a large
diameter; thero is thus little or no interference with the casy traction or movement
of the wheels. The weight upon the rails will always be equal whether the
apparatus be moving or stationary. The employment of large wheels enables the
principal portion of dead weight to be carried below their centres, while there being
virtually but one axle or line of axle, the direction of such, in rounding curves,
will always be that of a true radius to the centre of curves, and hence there will
be no undue friction of the wheel flanges against the rails, flanges being central.
I effect these improvements by slinging a vertical steam boiler inside an annular
ring, outside of which, and exactly opposite, are forged on, two studs or pins, the
whole forming one piece and the one main axle. The wheels revolve loosely on
said studs or pins, while the steam cylinders are attached to the outside or walls of
the boiler. The crank shafts, feed water tanks, feed pumps, driver's platform,
railings, &c., are carried on a framework attached to the boiler, and also through
the intervention of springs and axle boxes to the one main axle of the apparatus.
The framework is extended so as to form an arm, which terminating in an eye,
swivels on a collar, stud, or pin secured to the underside of flooring of tram or
other car, and thus this extension of frame forms at once a third point of support
to the whole machine, and a drag bar to the cars or carriages, and permits great
freedom for the whole moving power and cars, when coupled together, to accomo-
date themselves to the best possible positions when rounding curves.
The steam power I apply to the wheels through the intervention of gearing,
either cogged or frictional, and am thus enabled to drive my engines at a speed,
say, from four to six times greater than that of the wheels; by this I gain a large
degree of expansion, an easy method both of starting and stopping, and obviate all
thumps and jerks on the rails.

page_text: Owing to the high rate of speed at which I drive my engines I gain great
expansion of steam, and which is thus so lowered that it escapes with but little if
any noise, and it is still further reduced by passing it through the feed water tanks
before finally conveying it to the hinder end of the cars through a pipe lying along
the carriage roof and fitted with an air injector to quicken the fire-draft and still 5
further condense the waste steam.
IMPROVEMENTS ON AIR BREAK VALVES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Count Adolpho Cozza at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th December 1877.
COUNT ADOLPHO Cozza, of Orvieto, in the Kingdom of Italy, residing temporarily
at 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster. "IMPROVEMENTS ON AIR BREAK VALVES."
The Invention consists in multiplying and gaining rapidity in the admission of
air into two or more vacuum chambers connected by the same pipe, by means of one
or more valves constructed as herein-after described, which allow of the quick entry
of a large volume of air passed by the said pipo. The valve consists of a disc at one
end normally shut by atmospheric pressure, said disc being connected with another
disc or diaphragm placed at the other end by means of a piston, said diaphragm
being larger than the disc first mentioned; the diaphragm and its piston work in
a chamber prepared for them, having a valve seat, said chamber being larger than
the diaphragm so that air passes round it when in its normal position The various
parts may conveniently be of metal.
The action is as follows:-Air is allowed to enter by the communication pipe
attached to the vacuum chambers, and pushes gently against the diaphragm, and
passes by its sides into the vacuum chamber. If the air pushes strongly, the
diaphragm with its piston descends until it reaches its seat, and shuts off its air
communication, and the anail disc is opened and air enters by it instead.
By the use of several of such valves placed in communication with the same air
pipe, several vacuum chambers of air breaks can be operated with greater rapidity
than heretofore.
A NEW METALLIC MATCH BOX FOR THE POCKET
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Abraham Martin, of 20, Newman Street, Oxford Street,
in tho County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of "A NEW METALLIC
MATCH BOX FOR THE POCKET"
Scaled the 1st June 1877, and dated the 25th January 1877
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Abraham Martin at tho
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th January 1877
ABRAHAM MARTIN, of 20, Newman Street, Oxford Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer "A NEW METALLIC MATCH BOX FOR THE POCKET"
The box (which is oval shaped and similar to a flattened egg) is composed of two
shells of tin or other metal, of which shells one is slightly larger than the other,
so that, the edges being placed together, the edge of the larger is turned over that
of the smaller, so as to keep the two together At one end of the box thus formed
a small part of the edges is left unclosed, and with unturned edge, so as to leave a
mouth or opening, which is sufficiently opened by merely squeezing slightly the
side edge of the box to admit the matches and to let them out by one or more at a
a time The opening recloses itself, by merely withdrawing the pressure, by the
elasticity of the construction
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Abraham Martin in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 25th July
1877
ABRAHAM MARTIN, of 20, Newman Street, Oxford Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer. A NEW METALLIC MATCH BOX FOR THE POCKET,'
86

page_text: The box (which is oval shaped and similar to a flattened egg) is composed of two
shells of tin or other metal, of which shells one is slightly larger than the other;
so that, the edges being placed together, the edge of the larger is turned over that
of the smaller, so as to keep the two together At one end of the box thus formed
a small part of the edges is left unclosed and with unturned edge, so as to leave a
mouth or opening, which is sufficiently opened by merely squeezing slightly the
side edge of the box to admit the matches and to let them out by one or more at a
time The opening recloses itself on merely withdrawing the pressure by the
elasticity of the construction
What I claim and desire to secure by my Letters Patent is, the box formed by
the peculiar construction of two concave shells or sidės, with the edges placed and
secured together in such a manner that by slight pressure upon the joined edges on
either side one end of the box will open like a mouth, and will reclose on the
pressure being removed
In witness whereof, I, the said Abraham Martin, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twentieth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven
Signed, sealed, and delivered
in the presence of
W F NOAKES,
Solr,
21, Queen Victoria Sticet, EC
A. MARTIN (LS)
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1877

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection only.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hector Auguste Dufrené at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd December 1877. A commu-
nication from abroad by Messieurs Maillochon, Verdure, et Bijard, of No. 203,
Rue St. Jacques, Paris, in the Republic of France.
HECTOR AUGUSTE DUFRENÉ, of No. 10, Rue de la Fidélité, Paris, and 4, South
Street (Finsbury), London, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES." [A communication from abroad by
Messieurs Maillochon, Verdure, et Bijard, of No. 203, Rue St. Jacques, Paris, in the
Republic of France.]
The Invention communicated to me consists in placing pieces or sheets of india-
rubber in the interior of the soles of boots and shoes for rendering the soles more
elastic.
In carrying out the Invention I place, firstly, a sheet or strip of flat india-rubber
between the pieces of leather forming the sole; secondly, a piece of india-rubber of
suitable shape is placed in the interior of the waist; and thirdly, a block of india-
rubber is placed in the interior of the heel. These pieces of india-rubber are
secured by means of dextrine or other suitable glue or paste, and thus fixed are
invisible from the outside.
AN IMPROVED TOP OR COVER FOR INK AND OTHER BOTTLES, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE EYE PIECES OF OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS AND AS A CIGAR CUTTER AND CANDLE HOLDER
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Thomas Woodruff at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th March 1877.
WILLIAM THOMAS WOODRUFF, of Golden Square, in the County of Middlesex.
"AN IMPROVED TOP OR COVER FOR INK AND OTHER BOTTLES, APPLICABLE ALSO TO
THE EYE PIECES OF OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS AND AS A CIGAR CUTTER AND CANDLE
HOLDER."
My Invention relates to a top or cover for ink and other bottles, also applicable
as a shutter for the eye pieces of telescopes or other optical instruments, and as a
cigar cutter and candle holder.
The device consists of an annular cap fitted to rotate, and retained in position by
pins taking under a shoulder on the neck of the bottle or the eye piece of the
telescope or other instrument. Within this cap there is pivoted by one end a
shutter or plate curved to leave a free opening through the cap when the plate is
moved to one side. A stud on the mouth of the bottle or the end of the telescope
engages in a radial slot in the free end of the plate or shutter, so that on partly
rotating the annular cap which carries with it the pivoted end of the shutter the
latter will be traversed across the opening in the cap and close the same. By
rotating the cap in the reverse direction the shutter inay be moved back to one
side.
When used as a cutter for the ends of cigars the device would be attached to a
base or receptacle for matches, the shutter in this case being sharpened on the inner
edge.
When used as a candle holder the shutter, which will not be sharpened, firmly
grips the candle and holds it in position.
AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OF APPARATUS FOR WARMING AND VENTILATING PAVILION AND OTHER HOSPITALS AND BUILDINGS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Mather at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th August 1877.
WILLIAM MATHER, of the Firm of Messieurs Mather and Platt, of Salford, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer. "AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OF APPARATUS FOR
WARMING AND VENTILATING PAVILION AND OTHER HOSPITALS AND BUILDINGS."
Hitherto pavilion hospitals, although pronounced by the highest authorities to be
the best form for sanitary purposes, have not been largely adopted, owing to the
difficulty except at great expense of warming them in winter.
The object of my Invention is to introduce a constant supply of fresh pure air
into every part of the hospital or other building of such a temperature that the
wards or rooms are rendered perfectly sanitary, of equable temperature, and of any
degree of moisture or dryness at all seasons. I accomplish this by mechanical
power, in such a manner that all the work involved in warming and forcing the air
into the wards and corridors, the working of the machines in the laundry, the
boiling operations in the same, the drying of the clothes, and the constant supply
of hot water for the haths and lavatories throughout the hospital shall be performed
by steam power, thus combining all the requirements in which heat is an agent.
In performing my Invention I employ a steam boiler to generate all the steam
required for driving the washing and other machines, for drawing the fresh air
down a shaft which is sufficiently high to ensure freedom from all dust and
impurities, and for driving a blower to force and distribute the air through the
corridors and wards.
The exhaust steam from the engine is taken to a multitubular warming apparatus,
through which the air is forced by the blower above referred to. This warming
apparatus is placed by preference under the floor of the laundry, so that the heat.
radiating from its surfaces is available for drying the clothes.
The uncondensed steam and the water of condensation from tlie warming
apparatus is carried to a special heater for boiling the water for the wash house,
and through pipes to a multitubular heater for constantly producing and circulating.
hot water for all the baths and lavatories in the establishment.

page_text: The air after being heated as described is carried through sanitary or other
suitable tubes the whole length of the corridor, and at intervals outlets are provided
into the corridor for admitting streams of warm air as required. From the main
trunk tubes branches are taken to the various wards or rooms; in these branches
small heaters are placed supplied by steam from the boiler, to enable the air issuing
into each ward to be heated to any temperature. Provision is also made for
injecting steam into the air so that the humidity or dryness of each ward may be
regulated at pleasure.
All the condensed water from the various apparatus and pipes is brought back to
the boiler to be again used for generating steain.