matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS OR VALVES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 16th September 1871.-A communication from abroad by Bazile
Baqué and Edouard Féraud, both of 13, Boulevart St. Martin,
Paris.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS OR VALVES," to be as
follows:-
"
This Invention relates to improvements in cocks or valves. for
regulating the passage of liquids, gases, or vapors, the distinguishing
feature consisting in the employment of a disc contained in a cylindrical
casing as a substitute for a rotating plug.
I
The advantages of such an arrangement of cock are that in the
irst place there is less friction more especially when the cocks are of
arge size, as friction can only take place on one face of the disc and
hot on the edge. Secondly. The surfaces in contact grind one another

page_text: smooth by the action of the cock and may be adjusted as they wear
by a regulating screw. Lastly. The pressure of the liquid or fluid
on the back of the disc assists in ensuring a perfectly tight closure.
The cock is composed of a flattened cylindrical casing formed in one or
connected with the inlet pipe, and provided with a cap or cover formed
or connected with the outlet pipe. The cover is secured to the casing
by screw bolts, or the parts may (in the case of small taps) simply fit
one in the other. A disc fills the interior of the casing provided with
an aperture which by the rotation of the disc, is made to coincide with
the inlet and outlet orifices. A central stem is attached to the disc,
screwed at its upper end, on which stem is placed a key or handle
secured by a nut also serving to keep the upper face of the disc in
contact with the cover and so make a water-tight joint:
In another arrangement adapted for the passage of large quantities of
liquid the cock is constructed of two tubular chambers the one being
placed in communication with the inlet pipe and the other with the
supply. In this case the disc has two openings which are made to
coincide with the chambers by rotating the disc by means of a central
stem as before. The disc is also kept in contact with the casing by
means of a screw as before to prevent leakage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philip Samuel Phillips and
Thomas Hacking at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 28th March 1871.
We, PHILIP SAMUEL PHILLIPS, of Abertelery, in the County of
Monmouth, and THOMAS HACKING, of Maindee, Newport, in the County
of Monmouth, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates mainly to vertical boilers, and has for its object
the construction of such boilers in such a manner as to obtain an
increased heating surface, and consists in inserting in the tube or fire-
box thereof a number of conical tubes fastened at their outer or larger
end to the fire-box by being screwed or rivetted, and secured at their
smaller end into a tube in the centre of the fire-box by being rivetted
at the end screwed in or otherwise fastened. The said conical tubes
are arranged in horizontal series and by preference with the tubes in
one series opposite to the spaces in the next series, which will cause the .
flame to be deflected and directed towards the tubes of the next series.
The central tube is attached to the top of the fire-box and extends
downwards below the tubes which are connected to it. It will also

page_text: strengthen the fire-box so as to obviate its tendency to collapse by
external pressure. The water space between the tube or fire-box and
the outer shell of the boiler is increased so as to afford additional facilities
The water space
for removing and fixing the conical tubes as required.
in the central tube and between the fire-box and shell can be lessened
by inserting hollow tubes of any substance capable of resisting the
pressure, which can easily be removed when necessary.
Although our Invention as above stated specially relates to the use of
the described tubes in vertical boilers yet the same is to apply to any
description of boiler.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIXING BOILER TUBES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Archibald McKechnie at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th December 1871.
I, ARCHIBALD MCKECHNIE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIXING BOILER TUBES," to be as follows, that is
to say :-
This Invention has for its object the fixing of boiler tubes in an
improved manner, and so as to be more durable and give less trouble
than is experienced with tubes fixed in the ordinary way.
The Invention consists in forming a screw thread inside the end of
the tube, and in applying thereto an externally screwed ring or gland
formed with a reverted or turned-over lip or flange, which flange covers
and protects the end of the tube, and bears on the tube plate round it.
The screwed parts are tapered, and when the ring or gland is screwed
into its place it expands the tube end, and makes it fill the hole in the
tube plate. The ring or gland is formed with lugs or with indentations
for the application of a key to screw it in or out by.

page_text: The improvements are applicable with tubes and rings of various
metals, but when the tubes are of brass the rings may be of malleable
cast iron without inducing galvanic action as in the case of ordinary
ferrules, for the lip or flange puts the ring in contact with the tube
plate.
The improvements are applicable with tubes and rings of various
metals, but when the tubes are of brass the rings may be of malleable
cast iron without inducing galvanic action as in the case of ordinary
ferrules, for the lip or flange puts the ring in contact with the tube
plate.
Red lead or other cement may be introduced under the lip or flange,
which may be undercut or grooved to receive the cement.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOBBINS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Abraham Brode and
Gustav Bash at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 7th July 1871.
We, LOUIS ABRAHAM BRODE, Paper Maker, and GUSTAV BASH, Fire-
proof Safe Maker, both of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOBBINS," to be as follows, that is to
say:
The improvements constituting this Invention consist in the employ-
ment of paper, cardboard, millboard, or other similar pulped materials as
the substances from which bobbins are formed on which cotton, thread,
And the Invention is
silk, yarn, or other similar materials are wound.
carried into practice by forming the body of the bobbins of a tube of
paper of sufficient length. The ends of the bobbins are formed by
punching or cutting discs of the requisite diameter from sheets of card-
board or millboard of the requisite thickness. These discs are pressed
between dies, and thereby receive the bevel at the edge. At the same
time a shallow recess is formed equal in diameter and width to that of

page_text: the paper tube, and so that the end of the paper tube may enter the
said recess.
The ends being glued or otherwise cemented upon the
tubular body constitutes a bobbin, which may be afterwards finished by
enamelling, painting, staining, varnishing, or by coating it with paper
of any required colour.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS OR MACHINE FOR CLEANSING STREETS AND THOROUGHFARES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas George Greenstreet
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 29th September 1871.
I, THOMAS GEORGE GREENSTREET, Surveyor, 142, New Kent Road,
in the County of Surry, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS OR MACHINE FOR CLEANSING STREETS
AND THOROUGHFARES," to be as follows:—
This Invention consists in hooking two or more strong steel springs to
the axle of a cart or vehicle of any shape or description, and screwing to
the outer ends of such springs a long broom composed of wood and
india-rubber or any other suitable material. These springs are worked by
an iron lever connected by a projecting eye and bolt to the bottom of
the cart or vehicle, so that the broom can be forced into contact with the
surface of the road, street, or way, a toothed or knotched stay bar
screwed to the lever at the top of the cart keeping the apparatus in
position.
.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SERVICES OR UTENSILS FOR THE WASH STAND AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Colin McKay Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st February 1871.
I, COLIN MCKAY SMITH, of Cornhill, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SERVICES OR UTENSILS FOR THE WASH STAND AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES,"
to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in services or utensils
for the wash stand and for other similar purposes, and relates to the
employment of means whereby the nauseous smell arising from dishes or
trays for containing tooth and nail brushes, soap, sponge, or other
articles which come habitually in contact with water, and injury to such
articles is prevented. For this purpose I form the several utensils so as
to provide for complete ventilation thereof.
In the case of a tray or dish for containing nail and tooth brushes I
employ the following arrangement:-I form one or a number of per-
forations or openings in the bottom of the dish, which I make of an
undulating or other suitable form, the holes or perforations being made
-

page_text: at or near the upper part of such undulation so as to prevent the water
which may collect therein from running out through the said openings
or perforations, but at the same time to permit of free ventilation there-
through and through holes or perforations formed in the lid. If desired
instead of forming the holes or perforations in the bottom of the vessel
they may be formed in the sides thereof. A similar arrangement is
adopted for other similar vessels or utensils.
I do not claim the employment of the perforations in the lid separately
considered, as such are well known and in common use.
IMPROVED MEANS OF TREATING ANIMAL AND FISH REFUSE FOR MAKING MANURE AND FOR EXTRACTING FATTY AND OTHER SUBSTANCES OF COMMERCIAL VALUE
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Clovis Knab at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
August 1871.
I, DAVID CLOVIS KNAB, of Paris, France, Chemist, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OF TREATING ANIMAL
AND FISH REFUSE FOR MAKING MANURE AND FOR EXTRACTING FATTY AND OTHER
SUBSTANCES OF COMMERCIAL VALUE," to be as follows:-
The Invention principally relates to treating azotated substances
having generally an animal origin in connection with concentrated
hydrochloric acid of commerce at a high temperature.
At the heat of 80° (eighty degrees) to 100° (one hundred degrees)
centigrade hydrochloric acid has the property of entirely dissolving the
animal matters, fixing azote into a soluble state, as well as phosphoric
acid, and completely disengaging the oil or fatty matter contained
therein so as to permit their separation by a single decantation. The
residue in consequence of the solubility of azote and phosphoric acid,
constitutes an excellent manure.
The process is applicable to every matter of animal origin as well as
to vegetable substances, provided they contain azote, bones, hides, hoofs,

page_text: horns, hair, flesh, bowels, fish, leather, silk, feathers, and similar sub-
stances. The quantity of acid to be employed varies for the different
matters under treatment, and must be nearly equal to the weight of
the matter intended to be dried. For instance the bones, horns, hair,
leather, silk, and similar substances require a proportion of 80% (eighty
per cent.) to 120% (one hundred and twenty per cent.) of their own
weight of muriatic acid, say at the density of 22° (twenty-two degrees)
Baumé and which can be employed at a density of 18° to 22° (eighteen
to twenty-two degrees) fishy matters, flesh, bowels, and similar sub-
stances can be entirely dissolved with one-third to one-half of their
own weight.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFacture OF FRINGES, RIBbons, and Trimmings, and in AppaRATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Nicholls at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
August 1871.
I, RICHARD NICHOLLS, of Wood Lane, Highgate, and also at
46, Aldermanbury, City, Silk Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFacture
OF FRINGES, RIBbons, and Trimmings, and in AppaRATUS THEREFOR," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists of a piece of iron ten inches long by threc-
eights square, rivetted to an iron plate three inches by two inches three-
sixteenths thick, with four holes to receive screws; at the one end of the
ten-inch iron rod is affixed a piece of iron one and a quarter inches long,
half-inch wide, three-sixteenths thick, slotted throughout, and is fixed to
the ten-inch rod by screw cap and washer at an angle of twenty-five
degrees.
The next part of my apparatus consists of two knives, the one move-
able and the other stationary, which work on the scissors principle and
are attached to the ten-inch rod in the following manner:-The move-

page_text: able knife is secured to the immoveable knife by pinion and screw nut
through a hole in the stationary knife and also through a hole half an
inch from the end of the moveable knife; there is a hole at both ends of
the moveable knife, one end of which has a cord or ligature which is
fixed at the end of the ten-inch rod and passes through an open screw
head in order to work the knife in the one and a quarter inch slotted
iron, twenty-five degree angle, before mentioned; at the other end of the
moveable knife is attached a strong piece of elastic, and the clastic
is also attached to an open screw head. The screw is fixed in the ten-
inch rod at a distance of about a quarter of an inch behind the stationary
knife. The object of the piece of elastic is to force the knife down in
order to sever the weft deposited on the stationary knife. The stationary
knife is secured to the ten-inch rod by passing through a slot in the said
rod and screwed by waster and screw cap. The ten-inch rod is slotted
at distances at one and a quarter inch and one inch; the object of those
slots is to remove if necessary the knives, together with other portions
of the apparatus, so that a different depth of fringe can be made if

page_text: stationary knife. The weaving process is then continued until about
one inch of fringe, trimming, or ribbon is made, and at the same time
the work had also advanced one inch against the apparatus, and now
comes in contact with the sharp edges of the knives, and by the action
of the moveable knife the cutting of the weft is effected, and the result
of that is (allowing for a small loss of space two four-and-a-half inch
fringes are obtained, equivalent to a nine-inch fringe, and made in a
onc-inch space.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION--left by Samuel Shaw at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
December 1871.
ご
i
r. :
.
I, SAMUEL SHAW, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Overlooker of Looms, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
The object of the first part of this Invention is to prevent the
breakage of the warp threads and what are termed floats in woven
fabrics, that is to say, warp threads floating upon instead of being woven
into the, fabric, and which floats are caused by the entanglement of the
warp threads or breaking of the ends of the yarn during the operation of
weaving.
In performing my Invention I apply between the healds and the reed
a set of weighted loops connected to a rod moved up and down by a
tappet on the tappet or crank shaft; through each of these loops two or
more warp threads are drawn, and the wires for weighting the loops
move up and down between two guide boards, beneath which is a

page_text: +
rocking shaft actuated by the lay; this rocking shaft is connected to the
knocking off lever by a rod and lever or other equivalent; so long as a
perfect shed is formed the ends of the wires are held within the guide
boards, and the rocking rail passes freely under them, but if there should
be any entanglement in the shed the wire corresponding to the portion
of the warp where the entanglement occurs falls below the guide boards,
thereby arresting the motion of the rocking shaft and disengaging the
knocking off lever.
Instead of the weighted loops above referred to, I also apply weighted
fingers to act on the warps forming the bottom shed.
The second part of my Invention consists in an improved mode of
constructing pattern chains, by which the position of the shuttle box.
in looms requiring more than one shuttle is varied, the said chains are
also applicable for changing the pick and for other changes.
My improved chain consists of two endless bands of prepared cloth or
other suitable elastic material, through which cross wires are inserted;
these wires can be pushed more or less through the elastic material, and
the projecting ends of the wires act on the usual mechanism for
producing the changes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR GENERATING STEAM, AND IN BOILER TUBES OR FLUES AND FIRE BOXES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Bolton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th May.
1871.
I, JAMES BOLTON, of Saint Helen's Works, Swansea, in the County
of Glamorgan, Engineer, Iron Founder, and Boiler Maker, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR
GENERATING STEAM, AND IN BOILER TUBES OR FLUES AND FIRE BOXES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in making the tubes or flues and fire boxes,
and at other times the boilers themselves, of corrugated iron or other
metal, the corrugations running circumferentially as rings.
The objects of the Invention are,—
-
First. To give increased strength.
Second. To enable thinner metal to be used without impairing the
strength.
Third. By using thinner metal to allow the heat to pass through more

page_text: Fourth. By using thinner metal to render the plates less liable to
become burnt.
Fifth. To present a greater heating surface.
Sixth. To present an irregular surface to the fire (which does not
injure the metal on account of its thinness).
Seventh. To give elasticity to the tubes or flues.
The method of manufacturing these boilers for generating steam and
boiler tubes or flues and fire-boxes is by known and ordinary processes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHOES FOR HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Upton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
August 1871.
I, JOHN UPTON, of Macclesfield, in the County of Chester, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF SHOES FOR HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS," to be as follows:-―
This Invention is intended to facilitate the adaptation and fixing of
shoes to the hoofs of horses and other animals without the use of
nails.
The shoes are made by preference of cast steel, and are intended to
be made and sold in various sizes and shapes distinguished by numbers
or letters, so that a horse or other animal can at any time be fitted
with a set of shoes, and the latter fixed without the assistance of a
blacksmith or farrier.
The shoes are made in two parts jointed together at the front or at
one side of the toe caulk, so that the heel of the shoe can be expanded
when fitting on the shoe. Outside each beel is a short projecting clasp
or clamp, which clips the heel of the hoof, and towards the front on

page_text: each side of the toe is a longer clamp extending upwards to nearly the
top of the hoof and sloping backwards; the upper end of these front
clamps being provided with a neb or projection for a purpose herein-after
mentioned.
To each side of the heel is rivetted or otherwise fixed a strap of gutta
percha or other suitable material, which after passing under the clasp
at the opposite side of the heel is brought up round the front of the
hoof underneath the nebs or projections on the front clamps, which
keep it in place. The two straps thus cross under the heel and are there
protected from injury by means of plates of metal attached thereto.
The ends of the two straps meet (or nearly so) at the side of the hoof
(the outer side by preference) and are furnished with eyelet holes, so that
when the shoe is fitted on they can be laced tightly together by leather
or other suitable thongs so as to fix and hold the shoc firmly on the
hoof. The shoes can be removed at any time, by merely unlacing the
thongs.
Where toe and heel calks are used I slope the latter backwards and
the former forwards, so as to give the horse or other animal a better
hold.
The inside of the shoe is bevilled outwards so as to prevent a clog or
cake of snow or earth from stopping in the same. Each time the horse
or animal lifts its hoof the clog or cake falls out, and thus the inside of
the hoof is kept always clear.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN PRINTING NEWSPAPERS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Carrick Bowser at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 26th July 1871.
I, JOHN CARRICK BOWSER, of St. John's Wood, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN PRINTING NEWSPAPERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in printing newspapers of large size (such as
the ordinary daily journals) with a vertical and horizontal division or
blank space across each page at or near its mid-width and mid-height
respectively, whereby the necessity of frequently folding and unfolding
the newspaper in order to read the whole page is avoided. By the intro-
duction of suitable furniture in the proper places in the "form" each
page is divided into four portions of convenient size, the newspaper
being folded on the margins thus formed, and each portion constitutes
as it were a complete page surrounded by a margin.
Newspapers thus printed may contain the same amount of matter
without increasing their size by reducing the outer margin at each side
of the page to about one half the usual width, the extra space thus
obtained serving to form the central division. A portion of the said

page_text: divisions or spaces between the subject matter on the pages thus printed
may be utilized for advertisements, which would occupy a much more
prominent position than usual, and in the advertisement pages the extra
margin thus obtained would afford that prominence due to the proximity
of a margin to a greater number of advertisements.
New COMBINED SHIRT FRONT AND SCARF
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION ieft by Andrew Blackwood Dick at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th October 1871.
I, ANDREW BLACKWOOD DICK, of 5, Eden Quay, in the City of Dublin,
Commission Agent, do hereby declare the nature of any said Invention
for "A New COMBINED SHIRT FRONT AND SCARF," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in combining in one article a false shirt front
and an imitation scarf of any pattern or color according to taste.
The imitation scarf is lithographed or printed on linen faced paper, or
on plain paper, or on any other suitable material whether of a plain or
fancy make; and the scarf is stamped or embossed so as to raise it above
the surface of the shirt front, and impart to it the appearance of a
separate article of dress.

page_text: The color or colors is or are first printed on the material employed by
the usual lithographic process, and the embossing is afterwards effected
by placing the said printing material in a press under a die formed of
gutta percha or of a harder substance if found desirable.
AN IMPROVED FASTENING FOR DRIVING BANDS, BRACES, BELTS, HARNESS, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Prosser at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
December 1871.
I, WILLIAM PROSSER, of 9, Corporation Street, Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED FASTENING FOR DRIVING BANDS, BRACES, BELTS,
HARNESS, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES," to be as follows: :-
In lieu of the present mode of connecting the ends of driving bands
or straps for machinery by rivetting or sewing them together I propose
to connect them by a fastener of novel construction. This fastener
consists of a metallic plate fashioned as follows:-I take a flat plate,
and form a tongue or clip by cutting a piece of the plate on three sides
leaving the back or fourth side uncut. A little further back than this
tongue and parallel with it a lap is formed by making two parallel cuts
in the plate, and leaving the ends of the slit thus formed uncut.

page_text: For fastening two loose ends the above arrangement is doubled, while
for fastening a single loose end such as a brace or suspender, the above
plate with a single tongue and loop is sufficient.
In order that the tongue may not pass through the hole out of
which it has been cut the said tongue is enlarged by pressure, or 5
the area comprised by the said hole is diminished by corrugating
the plate.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY BRAKES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Alexander Baxter at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st March 1871.
I, JOHN ALEXANDER BAXTER, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim,
Ireland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY BRAKES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the application of an instantaneously
acting and efficient brake to locomotives and other rolling stock, which
while acting as an ordinary brake at the same time affords means for
the prevention of accidents on railways by the breaking of couplings,
all as hereafter described.
Between the wheels on each axle, and by preference in the middle, I
firmly fix a boss of an oval shape, or nearly so, which is free to revolve
between the two sides or horns of a strong guide frame fixed to the
bottom of the carriage above the axle. At the top of each of the horns
there is a grooved guide pulley from which a wedge in a chain hangs.
A bar running on the top edges of the pulleys from end to end of
carriage, and joined by couplings between the same, is connected to the

page_text: piston rod of a steam cylinder placed by preference under or above
the foot plate. Or if the brake is to be worked by hand the bar may
be connected to a screw, lever, or equivalent well-known means for
exerting manual power. When the steam is on the piston is pushed
back, draws the bar with it, and lifts the wedges out of contact, but
when the steam is shut off the wedges by their weight drop into the
spaces between the oval bosses and the horns of the guide frames,
thereby jamming the bosses and thus acting as a brake. The bar may
be held in its place when the wedges are up by means of a screw for
the purpose of keeping the wedges from dropping when the coupling 1
pins are taken out when disconnecting a carriage. If a coupling
should break the wedges drop and brake the wheels.
A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS FOR PRESERVING ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 11th October 1871.-a communication from abroad by Narcisse
Quilaverth, of No. 64, Faubourg Saint Martin, Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in
the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS FOR PRESERVING
ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES," a communication to me from abroad
by Narcisse Quilaverth, of No. 64, Faubourg Saint Martin, Paris,
France, to be as follows:-
The nature of this Invention consists in treating the substances to be
preserved with a solution of chlorhydric acid in water.
To Preserve Meat, and either Salt or Fresh Water Fish.—Mix say about
fifteen per cent. of chlorhydric acid with water, plunge the meat therein,
and when to be used for food by washing it in pure water all un-
pleasant taste will be removed, and it will be as firm and fresh as on the
day the animal producing it was killed. The meat may if desired

page_text: and other small fruit, all leguminous plants such as peas, beans, mush-
rooms, gherkins, and onions; in short all the productions of the kitchen
garden may be thus preserved for years without losing their nutritive
properties, but they cannot be used as seed.
'
. The cheapness of the acid used and its capability of being stored in
ordinary casks render its employment cheap and permit alementary
products to be carried from the country in which they are produced to
that in which they are consumed at little cost.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ASPHALTE ROADS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen Henry-Emmens at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th October 1871.
2
I, STEPHEN HENRY EMMENS, of No. 2, Gresham Buildings, Basinghall
Street, in the City of London, Scientific Referce, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
ASPHALTE ROADS," to be as follows:
My Invention consists, first, in the employment of a bituminous foun-*
dation for roads in lieu of the concrete ordinarily used; and, second, in
a method of building up a roadway with bituminous materials instead of
employing continuous layers.
As regards the former I proceed as follows:-
I excavate the roadway to a depth of about 11 inches, and then having
thoroughly beaten the ground I prepare a smooth surface by a layer
about 2 inches thick of stones run together with hydraulic lime or
cement. Upon this I spread a stratum about 6 inches thick of what I
term "ballast asphalte," being a mixture of about 5 parts of Cornish
"killas" or other largely aluminous clay well burnt, with about 1 part

page_text: of mineral or vegetable tar or other bituminous materials; the mixture
being made with the materials in a highly heated state, and the heat
being continued until a proper degree of viscidity supervenes. This
foundation is then ready for the laying of any kind of pavement, and by
the employment of melted bitumen as a cement between the foundation
and superstructure very durable results may be attained.
As regards the second method I prefer to proceed thus:- After
excavating and preparing the roadway as above, I spread a layer about
2 inches thick of the "ballast asphalte" already described. I then take
a number of blocks made of about 100 parts fire-clay, raw or burnt, 10 :
parts tar, and 20 parts bitumen heated and mixed together, and com-
pressed into the shape of prisms or equilateral pyramids, and these
blocks I arrange in two layers, the apices of each fitting into the
interstices of the other, and all being united with suitable bituminous
cement. The blocks I prefer to be 6 inches high. On the top of these:
I place two layers of square tiles made of the same substance as the
blocks, but with 10 per cent. more bitumen, the bottom layer being 1
inch thick by .12 inches square, and the upper layer being 1 inch thick
and 6 inches square with their top edges slightly rounded, both being
carefully arranged to break joint completely, and all being united :
together with a melted mixture of bitumen and metalic salt or oxide.
The advantages of this arrangement are that it affords great facility for
construction and repair, and owing to the difference in texture between
the tiles and the cement as well as to the existence of shallow grooves
upon the top the surface of the roadway affords a secure foothold to 2
horses. The form and method of laying the blocks effects a more even
distribution of pressure than can be obtained by other means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SLOTTING, SHAPING, AND PLANING MACHINES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Robertson, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
October 1871.
'I, DAVID ROBERTSON, of Naples, Engineer, but at present of No. 166,
Buchanan Street, Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SLOTTING, SHAPING, AND PLANING MACHINES," to be as follows, that is to
say:-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in machines used for
slotting, shaping, and planing metals, consists in the employment
of two tool holders, each of which is carried in or upon a separate
moveable head, and these are so arranged that when one tool is cutting
the other tool is rising or returning in readiness to cut. The alternate
action of the tools is attained by means of a beam fixed to the framework
of the slotting, shaping, or planing machine and vibrated upon a fixed
centre at a suitable distance, on either side of which a stud, bolt, pin, or
link is carried for connecting the movable heads with the said beam
or lever. Thus as the lever is vibrated by being connected through a

page_text: rod to a crank, cam, or eccentric, the heads carrying the tools are cor-
respondingly vibrated in alternate directions as herein-before described.
By means of adjustments at the ends of the heads on which the tool
holders are carried the two tools can be set to cut at the same point
on any piece of metal subjected to the slotting, shaping, or planing
action, or they may be adjusted out of contact with each other so as
to slot, shape, or plane either two separate pieces of metal or at two
different positions on the same piece of metal at one and the same time.
The heads carrying the tool holders are provided with screws for
adjusting their positions either vertically or horizontally according as
the heads are situated in a slotting, shaping, or planing machine. The
tool holders are carried in trunnion joints and counterpoised by a weight
or spring so that on making the return stroke after having made
a cutting stroke the tool yields and is brought into cutting position
again by the action of the counterpoise.
. In place however of operating the heads and tools by means of a
vibrating beam, as herein-before described, the beam may be dispensed
with and each movable head connected by a rod to a crank, which
in revolving reciprocates it together with the slotting, shaping, or
planing tool.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Carter Ramsden at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th April 1871.
I, JOHN CARTER RAMSDEN, of Halifax, in the County of York, Silk
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in looms for weaving,
and relates to a novel arrangement and combination of parts whereby I
am enabled to dispense with the pickers, picker spindles, picking sticks
and shafts, picking tappets, check straps, and other parts of a loom
ordinarily employed in giving motion to the shuttle, and thereby I get
rid of those parts of a loom in which there is much wear and tear, and
which are a fruitful source of damage to goods by making grease spots
thereon.
The mode in which I propose to propel the shuttle is somewhat as
follows: At each end of the lathe of the loom I fix a tappet or wiper,
which tappets or wipers are free to work and are kept in position by
springs. On the axis of each of the tappets or wipers I fix a bowl or
pulley, and to each of such bowls or pulleys I connect a strap, chain,

page_text: or other flexible connection, which passes over a guide pulley or pulleys
and is connected to a lever which is worked by a cam fixed on the
tappet or other suitable shaft. Attached to each tappet or wiper is a
spring which stands in front thereof, against which the shuttle is pro-
pelled and which serves to break the force of the blow.
In weaving that class of goods known as "pick and pick" and when
it is required to pick twice in succession from each side alternately, the
cams which operate upon the levers will make one revolution to every
four picks, and the noses or swells on such cams will be in pairs as will
be well understood. The faces of the tappets or wipers may either be 1
grooved to receive the tip of the shuttle, or they may be flat and the
tip of the shuttle formed to suit as may be found convenient.
A CERTAIN NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CLIPPING HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Henry Drew at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th September 1871.
I, THOMAS HENRY DREW, of Walsall, in the County of Stafford,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"A CERTAIN NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CLIPPING HORSES AND OTHER
ANIMALS," to be as follows (that is to say)
My improved apparatus may be essentially described as effecting the
operation of clipping the hair from horses, or other purposes, by means
of a revolving disc, from which or to which the cutters may be formed
or applied, motion being given to the said revolving cutters by means of
spur or bevilled toothed wheels permitting the handle for giving motion.
to the apparatus to be worked on the plane of the motion of the cutters,
or at right or other angle thereto.
In construction, a plate of steel or other suitable metal is so formed as
to present a circular form in the front, into which circular part parallel
teeth are cut so as to form a comb; this plate is sufficiently strong to
receive the axis of the revolving cutters, on which axis a toothed wheel

page_text: is also applied; this plate terminates with a shank or otherwise at the
back end for receiving a handle; by which the apparatus is held and
guided to its work over the surface of a horse's body, while the
revolving cutters are put to work by a handle; the axis of which carries
a toothed wheel, which gears into the toothed wheel on the axis formed i
in the plate before mentioned, thereby communicating the necessary
revolving motion to the cutters for clipping the hair from the animal's
body under operation.
.
In some cases in clipping certain parts of a horse it may be more
convenient to impart a reciprocating motion to the cutters, that is, to 1
cause the series of cutters lying over the comb to move with a backward-
and-forward motion, the cutters being arranged or sharpened for the
double action; this I effect by removing the gearing and applying a
second handle to a stud or fulcrum secured to the comb plate, the end of
which handle has an opening which engages with a stud radially placed 1
on the cutting disc or revolving cutters.
In- PROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO OVERCOATS AND OTHER COATS OR JACKETS, AND ALSO TO DRESSING GOWNS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Greenboam at the Office
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
February 1871.
I, ISAAC GREENBOAM, of Lombard Street, in the City of London,
Clothier, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO OVERCOATS AND OTHER COATS OR JACKETS, AND ALSO TO
DRESSING GOWNS," to be as follows :-
The chief object of this Invention is to construct a coat that will
admit of its being used as a short or long walking coat at pleasure,
and will provide the accommodation of a rug or a cape at the option
of the wearer. To this end I make a pea or other jacket or a short
coat in any desired form or of any approved material, and I form a
skirt of the like material, which when applied to the jacket will constitute
a long coat similar in appearance to the long skirted coat known as
the Ulster. The upper part of the skirt will be finished with a girdle
or band, which may be provided with a buckle or other fastening. The

page_text: skirt may be attached to the jacket by buttons, hooks, or other fastenings,
and it will be provided with external and internal pockets as desired.
This Invention is equally applicable in the making of dressing gowns,
as on the removal of the detachable skirt therefrom the jacket portion
will be suitable for general home use.
In applying the skirt as a cape it is placed over the shoulders of the
wearer, and the girdle and buckle connected therewith form the means
of attachment. When required to be used as a rug the skirt is placed
over the knees of the wearer.
IM- PROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT PARTS OF RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert John Little at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th January 1871.
I, ROBERT JOHN LITTLE, of Crawley, in the County of Sussex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE
DIFFERENT PARTS OF RAILWAY TRAINS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to provide simple and inexpensive means
of allowing the guard and driver of a train to effect communication
with each other, and to allow the passengers to effect communication
with the guard and driver.
The main feature of my Invention consists in the employment of
an india-rubber accumulator or other strong spring which is kept set
or stretched so that when released by the guard, engine driver, or
a passenger, it will rebound and cause a bell or gong to be acted
upon.
The manner in which my Invention may be carried into effect is
as follows-On a convenient position on the engine I attach one
end of a strong spring, and to the other end of this spring I connect a

page_text: cord which I carry along the whole length of the train and connect
to another spring in the guard's or break van. Each of these springs
carries a guide block which works in a corresponding guide and the
guide block is provided with two projections, one at each end. Adjoining
the guide is a trigger connected with the hammer of a bell or gong.
To set the apparatus the cord is drawn tight so as to stretch the springs,
and the guide blocks as they move with the springs act with one of
their projections so as to set the trigger and raise the hammer. When
it is desired to communicate from the guard to the driver, or vice
versa, the cord is released and the springs rebound, carrying with
them the guide blocks, the other projections of which release the
trigger and allow the hammer to fall or to be forced by another spring
upon the bell or gong.
To allow the passengers means of communicating any convenient
device may be connected with the cord at each carriage. For example,
the cord may be carried over vertical levers at the top of each carriage,
so that when these levers are acted upon so as to be caused to fall
sufficient slack will be produced in the cord to allow the springs to
rebound and act on the bell or gong. Or the cord may be made in
sections and connected at each carriage by a catch which can be released
when required by the passengers.
In some cases I cause the springs or the guide blocks to act directly
upon the bell or gong without the intervention of a trigger, or I dispense
with the bell or gong and cause the springs or the guide blocks to act
upon the steam whistle.
Should any portion of the train become accidentally detached,
the consequent release of the cord will give immediate notice to the
driver:
In trains where there is a guard's van in the middle of the train,
it would also be provided with the apparatus before described.
AN IMPROVED AIR OR BLAST ACCUMULATOR FOR FURNACES OR APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OR SMELTING OF METALS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Janne Wiborgh at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
December 1871.
I, JANNE WIBORGH, of the Village called Smedjebacken, in the
County of Dalecarlia, in the Kingdom of Sweden, at present residing
at Sheffield, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED AIR OR BLAST ACCUMULATOR FOR
FURNACES OR APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OR SMELTING OF METALS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved air or blast accumulator, the
object being to collect and compress air or blast for processes adopted in
the manufacture or smelting of metals in furnaces where an uniform
blast is required during the time such furnaces or apparatus are at work,
as for instance in the Bessemer converting process.
The Invention consists essentially in placing a suitable receptacle for
air or blast under a body of water of sufficient height or pressure as to
cause the air or blast therein to be compressed to the degree required
for the processes for which the same is to be used, the water having free

page_text: access to the interior of the receptacle, passing therein at or near the
bottom thereof, and also causing the blast to issue therefrom when
required to be used, at an uniforn pressure.
The accumulator may be built of brickwork, or constructed of wood or
iron, or of any other suitable material, and is fixed at the bottom of the 5
excavation containing the water, or at the bottom of a natural water
basin having a sufficient pressure of water.
The accumulator is supplied with compressed air or blast from a
blowing engine or air pump by means of inlet pipes, which compressed
air or blast is conveyed when required into the Bessemer converter or 1
other furnace or apparatus where required to be used by outlet pipes,
both the inlet and outlet pipes being provided with valves so as to shut
off the supply of air or blast at pleasure.
AN IMPROVED GLASS BLOWERS' MOULD
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Langdon Libbey at tho
Office of the Commissioners of Patents," with his Petition, on the
14th June 1871.-A communication from abroad by Samuel
R. Bowie, of New Bedford, United States of America.
I, WILLIAM LANGDON LIBBEY, of Boston, United States of America,
at present of 123, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED GLASS BLOWERS'
MOULD," a communication to me from abroad by Samuel R. Bowie, of
New Bedford, United States of America, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists,-
1st. Of a rotary mould of a suitable construction for forming the outer
surface of a blown glass article.
2nd. In the combination of a stationary axial bed or bottom former
with rotary mould or body former.
3rd. A mould made with a series of peripheral rollers.
4th. In combination with a rotating mould made in two sections of
suitable mechanism for opening and closing the same.

page_text: And, 5th. In combination with the stationary axial support or bottom
former and the rotary mould or parts of suitable mechanism for rotating
the latter.