matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Easton Spooner and
George Augustus Huddart at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 26th November 1868.
We, CHARLES EASTON SPOONER, of Bron y Garth, Port Madoc, in
the County of Carnarvon, Engineer, and GEORGE, AUGUSTUS HUDDART,
of Brynkir, in the same County, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to increase the stability of the rails.
of railways by strengthening the joints and improving the arrangement
of sleepers at the parts where the joints occur. The abutting ends of
the rails whether they be double headed or formed with a flat base,
we propose to clip between two plates suitably shaped to embrace the.
web and the foot or lower head of the rail, and by preference to extend
vertically a sufficient distance below the rail to admit of being pierced
to receive clamping bolts. The plates we secure like ordinary fish
plates to the rails by passing bolts through them and through the webs.

page_text: of the rails, and by the additional bolts below the base of the rails,
the coupled ends are held as in a vice. The vertical continuation of the
plates below the rails are made of a sufficient depth to act as an under
girder or plate to stiffen the joint. In some cases this vertical extension
may be omitted, the stiffness of the metal embracing the foot of the
rails being relied on to assist in counteracting the vertical strain put
on the rails by a passing train. Or in lieu of the bolts and nuts used
below the rails to connect the plates together the plates may be con-
nected by means of a metal clip slipped over lip terminations of the
plates. In order to afford increased support to the rails at the joints
we propose to lay the transverse sleepers between which the joint occurs
upon longitudinal sleepers placed immediately under the rails, and
extending about three feet six inches on either side of the joint.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DIMINISHING VALVES AND STEAM TRAPS FOR STEAM PIPES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Allen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st March
1868.
I, WILLIAM ALLEN, of Port Street, in the City of Manchester,
Manufacturer of Pumps, Valves, Taps, and Boiler Mountings, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DIMINISHING VALVES AND STEAM TRAPS FOR STEAM PIPES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to reduce steam from a higher
pressure, such as that in the boiler, to a lower pressure such as may be
suitable for heating or warming purposes; also in the mode of allowing
the condensed steam to escape from such steam pipes.
My improved diminishing or reducing valve consists of a suitable
case in which are openings for a plunger and a valve, both of which
are fixed to a spindle, the valve has V shaped guides between which the
high-pressure steam escapes to the off pipe, and the spindle is acted
upon by a lever and adjustable weight by which the pressure in the off
pipe can be regulated, or the plunger may be dispensed with and the
spindle carried through the bottom of the valve and provided with a

page_text: spiral spring of sufficient force to close the valve when the steam is at
the required pressure in the off pipe.
My improvements in steam traps consist in making the float with a
taper plug which fits into the end of the outlet pipe when the float
rises, thereby shutting off the escape of water; also in the application
of a weighted lever and spring to the air valve in the lid of the steam
trap to hold the air valve open till the air has escaped, the pressure of
steam closes the valve again when it enters the steam trap.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF COMBINING WROUGHT AND CAST IRON OR OTHER METALS FOR VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Davies at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
January 1868. A communication from abroad by William Menorice
Arnold, of New York, in the United States of America.
I, GEORGE DAVIES, of No. 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the
County of Middlesex, and No. 87, St. Vincent Street, in the City of
Glasgow, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF COMBINING
WROUGHT AND CAST IRON OR OTHER METALS FOR VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES,"
(a communication to me from abroad by William Menorice Arnold,
of New York, in the United States of America), to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the mode of uniting or
combining wrought iron or steel with cast iron or other cast metal
for the purpose of constructing ordnance, armour plates, railway wheels,
rails, and chairs, or for any other such application wherein great
tensile strength, durability, and lightness are required.
A skeleton web or framework is first constructed of annealed or
tempered wrought iron or steel rods, wire, or wire rope (or a com-
bination thereof) in a form corresponding with the form of the article

page_text: to be made, the said rods, wire, or rope (or combination thereof) being
so twisted, interlaced, or otherwise arranged (according to the use for
which the article is intended) that a tensile and not a transverse strain
shall be brought to bear upon it. The skeleton or framework is then
washed with a solution of sal ammoniac or other mixture ordinarily
used for cleaning metal, and then immersed in a molten bath of about
two parts of nickel to ten parts of tin (or any other suitable easily
fused metal or alloy) so as to coat the same all over with the said
metal or alloy. Or if preferred the rods, wire, or rope may be coated
with the soft fusible metal or alloy previously to forming them into
the skeleton or frame instead of afterwards. The object of this coating
is to protect the wrought metal from any injurious effects of the heat
or other chemical action of the cast metal in the mould, as hereafter
described; it also acts so as to facilitate a more perfect, or intimate
union of the wrought and cast metals. The skeleton or framework so
prepared and coated is now laid in the mould, and the molten cast
iron or other metal or alloy of metals is poured therein, and thus a
complete union of the wrought and cast metals is effected in the
mould in such a perfect manner that all the tensile strength and.
elasticity of the wrought iron or other metal fibres, and all the rigidity
and durability of the cast metal are retained, and an increased strength
and durability of both is the result.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCARVES OR. NECKTIES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Barton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents,, with his Petition, on the 3rd.
November 1868..
I, EDWIN BARTON, of No. 34, Robinson Road, Victoria Park, in tlic
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SCARVES OR. NECKTIES," to be as follows:-
I make a scarf consisting, firstly, of a plain broad' flap of any suitable
material and of one piece to pass down in front of the shirt, the lower.
end being. by preference made much narrower than the upper part,.
which flap is secured round the neck by means of a band attached
thereto. The flap has furthermore a stiff pad of cardboard or other
suitable material attached in such manner at the back to its upper end
as to form a loop between the flap and the pad;, through this loop is
inserted a long narrow band or tie,, the two sides of which are by pre-
ference of different colours or materials. This band has in the middle of
its length a narrow piece of cardboard or other stiff material inserted
into it, which when the tie is inserted into the loop is situated inside the
latter, and corresponds in length with the width thereof. Both the

page_text: The
cardboard forming the loop and that in the tic is by preference hollowed
out on the upper edge in order not to inconvenience the wearer.
tie having been placed in position in the loop the ends are folded over
the front of the flap, and are either secured by a ring and then twisted
together and the extremities passed into an clastic loop at the lower end
of the flap, or the ends of the tie may be simply passed diagonally
across each other and be secured by a pin. By this means, and by
changing the position of the tie in the loop so that the one or the other
colour thereof is made to show, the appearance of the scarf may be
greatly varied, and furthermore the tie may be used alone as an ordinary
necktie without the scarf.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Wood and James
Arundale at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 7th October 1868.
We, JAMES WOOD, of Stockport, in the County of Chester, and JAMES
ARUNDALE, of Hollingworth, in the same County, Shuttle Manufacturers,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SHUTTLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to a simple contrivance for actuating
the tongue spring in shuttles, whereby the liability of such spring to
become deranged or broken is entirely obviated, and a method of closing
such spring against the tongue or skewer is produced for placing on
the cop.
Now this Invention consists in disposing the loose end of such spring
in a groove formed in the upper surface of the head or tumbler in the
direction of its length, such groove either terminating in a hole bored
through the remaining portion of the head or tumbler, or cut right
through to the back; the extremity of the loose end of such spring is
bent so as to enter such hole, and is thereby held in position, or in the

page_text: absence of such hole a metallic strap or staple is affixed across the groove
for the same purpose.
A further groove or slot is cut transversely
across the tumbler or head, viz., at right angles to the longitudinal
groove herein-before mentioned, so that when the tongue or skewer is
raised upon its joint to place on the cop a wire which is fixed across the
slot in the shuttle in which the head or tumbler works is allowed to
come in contact with the spring, and so depresses it into the longitudinal
groove, so as to lie in close contact with the tongue or skewer, and
thereby allow the cop to be placed easily upon it, and when such tongue
falls back into its proper position in the shuttle the full power of the
tongue spring is exercised against the cop.
Another modification of this part of our Invension consists in forming
a slot or groove down the length of the tongue or skewer in which the
spring may be buried whilst placing on the cop, in which case we cut
notches or nicks transversely across the spring, into which one or more
threads enter, and thus prevent the cop when once in position from
sliding off again.
Secondly. This Invention relates to improvements in shuttles for
preventing them splitting at the shoulders, and for rendering them more
durable, and consists in boring a hole through each end of the shuttle
from side to side near the tips, and driving a plug of wood in such
holes, so that the end grain of the wood of such plugs or pegs will thus
offer greater resistance to the wear and tear than the ordinary sides
of the shuttle, such pegs being kept securely in position by the shank
of the tips entering them, and serving at the same time to strengthen
the shuttles at the shoulders and prevent them splitting.
AN IMPROVED BEARER OR SUPPORT FOR CONVEYING LADLES CONTAINING MOLTEN METAL
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Guest Fildes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
March 1868.
I, JOHN GUEST FILDES, of Elton Bury, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
BEARER OR SUPPORT FOR CONVEYING LADLES CONTAINING MOLTEN METAL," to
be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the conveyance of vessels containing molten
metal termed "ladles," and is designed to produce a support or carriage
for such ladles in order to convey the molten metal with facility: from:
place to place as required when carrying metal from the cupola to the
moulds in casting.
The improvements consist in mounting or supporting the "ladle"
in a frame or hoop from the back of which a pair of handles project,
and the front of such frame is extended forwards in the form of a
short shaft which enters a bearing or bush in which it can turn or
Oscillate freely, the said bearing being mounted on the axle of a pair
of wheels, legs or supports being placed beneath the frame at the handle

page_text: end, the whole forming a portable "barrow" wherein to move the
molten metal from place to place, the tilting or upturning of the
ladle being effected by means of a handle acting upon the shaft of
the frame when the metal is required to be "run" from the ladle.
A NEW PROCESS FOR THE DECARBONIZATION OF MOLTEN IRON FOR ITS CONVERSION INTO STEEL, WHICH PROCESS IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR THE DECARBONIZATION OF OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Temple Humphreys at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 11th February 1868.
I, HENRY TEMPLE HUMPHREYS, of 28, Westbourne Park Road, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW PROCESS FOR THE DECARBONIZATION OF MOLTEN IRON
FOR ITS CONVERSION INTO STEEL, WHICH PROCESS IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR THE
DECARBONIZATION OF OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
The molten iron from the furnace is carried to the edge of a suitably
arranged fall of about a hundred feet or other convenient height and
allowed to drop in a shower through a perforated plate or plates of
such a size in the perforations that the amount of division of the
molten metal, together with the rapidity of the descent, shall cause
the same to be converted into steel on its arrival at the bottom of the
fall or series of falls, where also can be added, if found desirable, the
requisite quantities of ores of manganese for perfecting the quality
of the steel formed by this process, which process can also be
applied to the decarburization of other substances as well as cast iron.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR HULLING OR DECORTICATING COTTON OR OTHER LIKE SEED
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Simmonds at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
March 1868. A communication from abroad by Alexander Hague
Simmonds, of New York, United States of America..
I, HENRY SIMMONDS, of Mark Lane, in the City of London, do hereby..
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES
FOR HULLING OR DECORTICATING COTTON OR OTHER LIKE SEED," to be as.
follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing, hulling, or decorticating:
machines as follows:-A cylinder formed with longitudinal ribs or
teeth is mounted so that rapid rotary motion may be imparted thereto.
The ribs or teeth are of peculiar make having secured thereon thin steel
caps or covers which come up to an edge, this edge is not sharp, but
about th of an inch wide, more or less. In front of the disc is a concave
surface which has several longitudinal steel teeth or ribs corresponding
with those of the cylinder. The concave surface is not concentric with
the cylinder in order that only one of the teeth or ribs of the cylinder
can be at one time sufficiently near the teeth of the concave to do the

page_text: work of cracking the hull, the distance being such that the kernel is not
hit. The seed is supplied so as to pass between the cylinder and the
concave, and after the hull has been cracked as just mentioned, the hull.
and kernel fall into a receptacle below..
IMPROVEMENTS IN TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Parker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th January 1868.
I, JOHN PARKER, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TEXTILE FABRICS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to a new mode of arranging the pattern on
cloths from which articles of apparel that are gored when made up
are manufactured, the object being to prevent the occurrence of that
waste of cloth which takes place when gored articles of clothing are
cut from cloth as ordinarily manufactured.
In weaving the cloth the pattern apparatus of the loom is so arranged
that the central part of the cloth constituting a complete gore has the
pattern produced on it complete, so that the gore may be used in the
front part of a skirt without a central seam, and the two side pieces
which constitute the two half gores have only half the pattern on them,
so that when the central complete gore is cut out it is only necessary to
invert the side pieces when they unite with and continue the pattern

page_text: of the complete gore. To facilitate correct cutting of the cloth the
line by which the cloth is to be cut is indicated by printed marks.
It is to be understood that the same arrangement of the pattern is
applicable to those classes of cloths on which the pattern is produced by
embroidery, printing, and other means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WRAVING
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Hodgson, of Bradford, in the County
of York, Loom Manufacturer, Henry Bottomley, of Low Moor, near
the said Bradford, Manufacturer, and Ezra Cockroft, of Odsall
Moor, also near the said Bradford, Overlooker, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WRAVING."
Sealed the 22nd January 1869, and dated the 28th July 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Hodgson,
Henry Bottomley, and Ezra Cockroft at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 28th July 1868.
We, GEORGE HODGSON, of Bradford, in the County of York, Loom
Manufacturer, HENRY BOTTOMLEY, of Low Moor, near the said Bradford,
Manufacturer, and EZRA COCKROFT, of Odsall Moor, also near the said
Bradford, Overlooker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
The object of one part of the Invention is to obtain friction to the
rollers or beams over or under which the fabric passes for the "take up."

page_text: For this purpose we apply india-rubber to the surface of such roller or
beam, either direct on to the roller or beam, or on to a metal covering
thereto. The india-rubber used is by preference what is commonly
called "vulcanized," or is otherwise prepared so that its elastic character
may not be materially affected by varying temperatures.
The object of another part of the Invention is to clear the wefts when
oscillating shuttle boxes are used. For this purpose an arm stands out
from a rod carried by one of the swords or by the framing of the batten
in position when raised to lift one of the wefts out of the way of that
to the other shuttle when the boxes are in one position, so that the weft
fork may act on the weft of that shuttle, and when the boxes are in
another position to hold one weft down whilst the shuttle of the other
passes over it; thus the wefts of the respective shuttles will be acted
upon correctly by the weft forks. The rod is actuated in the movement
of the boxes by a strap or otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR GETTING AND HEWING COAL, STONE, AND OTHER MINERALS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Ridley and Joseph
Rothery at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 13th April 1868.
We, ROBERT RIDLEY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Engineer, and JOSEPH ROTHERY, of Waterloo Main Colliery, near
Leeds, in the County of York, Colliery Viewer, do hereby declare the
nature of our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR GETTING AND HEWING COAL, STONE, AND OTHER MINERALS," to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain peculiar arrangements of apparatus
for actuating the picks or cutters of coal hewing machines intended to
be driven by steam or compressed air, and consists in the employment
for that purpose of a quadrant cylinder secured to the framing of a truck
or carriage, within which quadrant cylinder a diaphragm or piston
reciprocates on an axis, such axis forming the axis of the vibrating pick
or cutting tool itself, thereby dispensing with lever arms, connecting
rods, and piston rods.
According to another modification. the axis of the diaphragm or
piston which reciprocates in the quadrant cylinder above referred to is

page_text: provided with a short lever arm instead of carrying a vibrating pick
arm, and this short lever arm is connected by links or otherwise to a
transverse cutter bar, which is thus caused to reciprocate longitudinally
in suitable guides in lieu of vibrating on an axis. The steam or
compressed air is admitted on opposite sides of the vibrating piston in t
the quadrant cylinder alternately by any suitable arrangement of slide
or other valves.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SIEVES AND IN APPA- RATUS FOR WORKING THE SAME
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Dupree at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
October 1868.
I, JOHN DUPREE, of Whitechapel Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Wire Worker and Weaver, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SIEVES AND IN APPA-
RATUS FOR WORKING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
My improvement in the construction of sieves relates to what are
called "laced" bottoms for sieves or screens, wherein a series of stout
wires is placed transversely at intervals, and the longitudinal wires laced
thereto with a fine lacing wire. These laced bottoms are not adapted to
any very accurate work as the lacing wire is apt to become loose, and
the longitudinal wires consequently get out of place and do not keep.
their regular distances apart.
According to my Invention I place a moderately thin wire above and
below the longitudinal wires, and as each of the latter is inserted I twist
the two former together so that they are twisted or crossed between each
wire, beating or forcing up another longitudinal wire after each twist, so

page_text: that as the top and bottom wires are twisted together between every two
longitudinal wires the latter are held perfectly firm and cannot possibly
get out of place.
The apparatus for working or agitating the sieves is constructed as
follows: A box of suitable size (rather longer than the sieve) is provided
with a lid above and drawer below, and mounted on suitable feet. Inside
this box, rather more than the depth of the sieve below the top thereof,
longitudinal slips or slides are fixed to the sides of the box for the sieve
to rest and slide to and fro upon. At one end of the box and outside
thereof is fixed a casing in which is mounted a short spindle having a
winch handle at one end and a spur wheel at the other, gearing with a
small pinion on one end of a second spindle, which has a disc or plate at
the other end, in which disc or plate is inserted a pin at a suitable
distance from the centre. This pin plays in a vertical slot in a cross-
head attached to the outer end of a bar which passes through the end of
the box, and has its inner end attached to the sieve by means of a loop
or other similar contrivance, so that the sieve can easily be removed and
replaced by one of a different "mesh" or fineness when required. It
will be evident that upon turning the winch handle the disc or plate will
revolve rapidly, and its pin playing in the slot will give a rapid jerking
motion backwards and forwards to the sieve.
For sieves of large size instead of the slides inside the box I
support the sieve on cross bars suspended on links attached to the sides
of the box.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LAMPS FOR BURNING VOLATILE MINERAL ESSENCES OR COMPOUNDS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Vivez at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th January 1868.
I, JOSEPH VIVEZ, of Quai Jemmapes, Paris, in the Empire of France,
Lamp Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LAMPS FOR BURNING VOLATILE
MINERAL ESSENCES OR COMPOUNDS," to be as
HYDROCARBONS AND
follows:-
The object of this Invention is the construction of lamps for burning
volatile hydrocarbons and other mineral essences or compounds, so that
perfect combustion of the hydrocarbon or other compound used in the
production of light may be effected, and a pure, bright, and steady flame
obtained without emitting either smoke or smell or being liable to
explosion. The lamp consists of a reservoir of any suitable material,
size, and shape, to the bottom whereof is fixed an air tube made to extend
through the centre of the reservoir to the top of the burner. The air
tube is encased by a common annular Argand wick, which draws its
supply of hydrocarbon or compound used from the reservoir by capillary
attraction. The reservoir may be supplied with the hydrocarbon or

page_text: compound either in conjunction with or without materials of a spongy
nature, the charge being effected by means of an orifice at its neck or
otherwise conveniently placed. Air is supplied to the tube by openings
made below the reservoir. The wick is raised and lowered by a rack
fixed to the wick holder, which is made to slide on the air tube, the rack]
being enclosed in a sheath and worked by a pinion in the ordinary way
or by any other simple means. To the neck of the reservoir is screwed a
jacket extending to the top of the burner and flush with the end of the
air tube, forming an annular passage around the air tube which encases
and is filled by the wick. Any description of glass chimney may be
used, but preference is given to a straight one fitting into a holder and
made to slide on the tube encasing the wick. A conical jacket to the
burner, fitting inside the chimney holder and open at its base to the
atmosphere by means of notches or perforations, may be employed. The
upper edge of the conical jacket is to be flush with the top of the burner,
leaving a small annular space into which the air ascends and impinges
upon the outer margin of the flame. Sometimes an inverted cone in the
summit of the air tube leaving an annular space for the free passage of
the air to the interior margin of the flame may be employed.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING BUILDINGS, SUCH AS MISSION CHURCHES, CHAPELS, SCHOOLS, OR ANY OTHER BUILDINGS WHERE ECONOMY OF COST IS AN OBJECT, AND FOR AN IMPROVED VENTILATOR WHICH MAY BE USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE BUILDINGS GENERALLY
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Banks at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th June 1868.
I, JOHN HENRY BANKS, of Brook Street, Knutsford, in the County
of Cheshire, Architect and Surveyor, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING BUILDINGS,
SUCH AS MISSION CHURCHES, CHAPELS, SCHOOLS, OR ANY OTHER BUILDINGS WHERE
ECONOMY OF COST IS AN OBJECT, AND FOR AN IMPROVED VENTILATOR WHICH
MAY BE USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE BUILDINGS GENERALLY," to be as
follows:-
That whereas under ordinary circumstances walls are built of wood,
stone, brick, or other material of sufficient thickness and strength to bear
and resist the weight and thrust of the floors and roof, I by the use of
iron buttress standards place at defined distances apart do nearly relieve
the walls of the said weight and thrust, which standards have flanges
formed upon them so arranged that the spaces between one standard and
another can be filled in with boarding, bricks, and bond timber, rubble
and bond timber or any other material as may be desired, and further
that upon the upper extremity of the standards a shoe is formed to

page_text: receive the end of roof principals; one side of which shoe is formed of
a separate plate, which manner of construction allows the woodwork to
be bolted tightly up to the side of the shoe which is a part and parcel
of the principal, thus making the attachment of the principal to the
standard thoroughly secure; and further the standard is provided with
a projecting hook to receive brackets for supporting spouts, and a slot
to receive the wall plates, which wall plate is used to tie the standards
laterally to each other as well as to receive the spars; and further,
the wall plate forms the transom of the windows if desired. The
bottom part of the standard is shaped as a bed plate (which may be
bolted down to a still formed of wood, iron, stone, or brick, if necessary),
and is further provided with a vertical flange to which flange are
bolted joists that are sufficiently long to go across the building to be
attached to the standard on the opposite side; and further, that instead
of using iron boxes to receive the purlins I use iron back plates, which
has this advantage that it enables me to attach the purlins to the
principals in the generally accepted manner and fully compensates for
the material taken out in morticing and keying them, and further
renders their position in relation to each other rigid and perfectly secure.
Also one side of the ridge box to principals of roof I form of a
seperate plate, as in the case of the shoe on the upper part of the
standard.
The manner I propose of ventilation is by fixing small exhaust fans
IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOSE FIRE RANGES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Hermann Cesar Bade
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 20th March 1868.
I, JACOB HERMANN CESAR BADE, of Dalston, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOSE FIRE RANGES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in what are known as close
fire ranges. The body of the range I make of strong sheet iron, the
top or cover being of cast iron, into which the front, back, and side
plates are fitted. I provide the range with a double bottom, and upon
the upper or false bottom I erect the boiler, oven, and furnace chamber,
The furnace
which latter is proportionately of very small diameter.
chamber, to which access is had by a door in front, is built up on
either side with fire-bricks, the heat and products of combustion being
conveyed away by a flue at one side over the oven down the side
thereof and underneath the false bottom (which is left open at that
end for the purpose) to the boiler, under and behind which it passes
to the chimney. The heat is thus brought into contact with every
available part of the surface to be heated, by which a great saving of

page_text: fuel is effected. The boiler, which extends from the top of the range
to the false bottom, is suitably provided with an air space on one side
between it and the side of the range to prevent the loss of heat by
radiation. The chimney with which the flue communicates is provided
with a suitable damper for regulating the draft of the fire and escape
of the heat, and the whole apparatus may either be recessed in the
wall in the usual way, or project into the room.
All kinds of roasting and bread making may be performed in this
improved range, as the heat surrounding the oven is equal at all
points.
Pots or boilers placed on the top plate will also boil in a very short
time, or a copper boiler may be introduced into the range for a like
purpose.
The range is provided internally with fire-bricks as above mentioned
for the purpose of retaining the heat as much as possible.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS FOR PRINTING PURPOSES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO ALL METALLIC SURFACES USED FOR PRINTING PURPOSES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Watt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
December 1868.
I, ALEXANDER WATT, of 8, Gracechurch Street, London, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS
FOR PRINTING PURPOSES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO ALL
METALLIC SURFACES USED FOR PRINTING PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
I construct the rollers, cylinders, or metallic surfaces of zinc, type
metal, or any suitable compound of mixed metals, turning or facing
them to a smooth surface in a lathe or other suitable machine. The
surfaces, whether cylindrical or otherwise, thus smoothed, are thoroughly
cleansed by immersion in a bath formed by preference of a solution of
cyanide of potassium, and afterwards completely coated with copper by
immersion in a bath formed by a solution of cyanide of potassium mixed
with a solution of cyanide of copper or cyanide of potassium mixed with
a solution of nitrate of copper, or cyanide of potassium mixed with a
solution of sulphate of copper. The surfaces, whether cylindrical or
otherwise, having been thus prepared are again thoroughly cleansed, and

page_text: if necessary rubbed perfectly smooth; I then subject them to the
process known as electro-coppering by the battery, until a coating of
copper of sufficient thickness to allow for the said surfaces to be turned,
filed, or polished to a smooth and even face, leaving thereon a sufficient
thickness of deposited copper to receive the depth of the engraving or
chasing that may be required upon the surface.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THAT CLASS OF MARKET BASKETS KNOWN AS SOUTHPORT BASKETS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Hunt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th August 1868.
I, WILLIAM HENRY HUNT, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Willow Merchant and Basket Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THAT CLASS OF MARKET
BASKETS KNOWN AS SOUTHPORT BASKETS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to that class of market baskets known as
Southport baskets, and consists,― .
First. In carrying the arched hoop which forms the handle down
outside the mouth frame of the basket instead of inside, as hitherto has
been the universal practice. The ends of the said hoop are led down-
wards through, amongst, or interwoven with the willows or twigs which
form the body of the basket, and such willows or twigs bind the hoop in
position. By this construction an increased internal space is obtained
in a basket of the same size, the cross piece is dispensed with, and the
basket is neater.

page_text: And, second. In making the covers of two pieces, and hinging or
jointing them to the two longest sides, that is to say, to those sides to
which the arched hoop is connected. In this way there is secured the
great advantage that the covers can be opened to the full size of the
mouth of the basket.
AN IMPROVED HOT AIR, SIMPLE OR MEDICATED VAPOUR BATH
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Morris Oakeshott
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 6th February 1868.
I, BENJAMIN MORRIS OAKESHOTT, of 4, Sloane Square, Chelsea, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED HOT AIR, SIMPLE OR MEDICATED VAPOUR BATH,"
to be as follows :-
By this mode of construction three descriptions of baths may be
applied at pleasure, viz., simple vapour, medicated or mercurial, or
hot air. The pyramidal base forms a box into which all the minor
parts of the projecting arm may be placed when the apparatus is not
in use, so that the whole may be packed away in a small compass. The
spirit lamp is fixed on a plate which is made to slide on a groove within
the base; the back part of the lamp, to which an extinguisher is
attached, forms a door, which when in use shuts perfectly close, and
thus renders it absolutely free from danger. Immediately under the
lamp is a compensating sliding weight, which when drawn out
effectually counterbalances the projecting arm without adding materially

page_text: to the weight of the apparatus. On the top of the base is a removeable
perforated diaphragm on which may be placed the herb, mercurial, or
water container, as may be required. The cradle is made in various
parts to secure portability, and can be packed away in the same compass
as the bath, the whole apparatus requiring but a few minutes to get it
ready for immediate use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR PROPELLERS APPLICABLE FOR THE PROPULSION OF SHIPS, BOATS, AND OTHER VESSELS ON AND OVER THE WATER
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Jones Aston at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd February 1868.
I, JAMES JONES ASTON, of 13, Pembroke Gardens, Kensington, in
the County of Middlesex, and of the Middle Temple, Barrister-at-Law,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR PROPELLERS APPLICABLE FOR THE PROPULSION OF SHIPS, BOATS,
AND OTHER VESSELS ON AND OVER THE WATER," to be as follows, that is to
say :-
My said Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement
of machinery or propellers for ships, boats, and other vessels.
The object of my said Invention is to obtain a greater rate of speed.
than can now be obtained from the power used to propel vessels.
Since the granting of Her Majesty's Letters Patent to me on the
17th day of December 1858, No. 2892, for certain improvements in
propulsion I have made many costly experiments, both under steam and
otherwise, and I have found out many improvements upon the machinery
for propulsion described in my Specification to the said Patent filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office, on the 16th day of June 1859.

page_text: My improved propellers I call disc plate rings or disc plate wheels;
they are flat rings of metal, are mounted on axes and caused to rotate
for propelling ships, boats, and other vessels. They are different to any
propellers described in my said Specification in this very material
particular, that, whereas I stated in my said Specification that when
such propellers where applied so as to have any considerable portions
thereof above the water variations therein might be made in those parts
of the propellers not working in the water by cutting away portions
thereof, and fitting or forming arms therein at the centre, as shown in
Figure 4 of the Drawings annexed to my said Specification, I have
found out since the filing thereof, that it is material and necessary in
order to obtain a practicable useful effect at the proper immersion on
a practical size to have only disc plate rings or disc plate wheels of a
practically useful width, and that if solid discs are used, only cut away
as directed by my said Specification, they, when of large diameter, are
practically failures. Such practical width of the disc plate rings or
wheels will vary, but speaking generally they should not be wider
than the ordinary width of paddles or floats. They should be of metal
only thick enough to be strong enough for the work, and should never
be made of wood.
And my said improvement relates to a practically useful mode of
propulsion by such disc plate rings or disc plate wheels without floats
or paddles whereby there will, I believe, be great economy of power
beside other advantages.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND PREPARATION OF INDIGO FOR LAUNDRY AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bock Binko at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th August 1868.
I, HENRY BOCK BINKO, of Kingsland, in the County of Middlesex,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND PREPARATION OF INDIGO FOR LAUNDRY AND
OTHER LIKE PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in the production by the treatment of and
preparation from (the) indigo (of commerce) of two novel articles, one
of which I call "indigo carmine" or "carmine blue" and the other
"blue paper," and the mode of performing the Invention is as here
under stated.
By means of a pestle and mortar and sieve 2 lbs. of fine indigo are
reduced to a fine mixture, then dissolved in 12 lbs. of strong oil of vitriol,
and the solution allowed to remain perfectly still for 15 hours. Then in an
iron vessel containing 20 galls. of water and heated by fire the solution has
1 lb. of goat or cow hair mixed into it. It is then heated again and allowed
to remain three hours, when the water becomes reduced to a green color
in appearance. After the water has cooled the hair is taken out and

page_text: washed so long with cold water till the green color disappears and shows
a beautiful clear "carmine blue." The hair which is thus cleansed
is then put into a vessel containing 10 galls. of water, and then allowed
to boil for one hour with 1 lb. of chloride of lime; the last-mentioned
solution is then allowed to evaporate to a consistency, dried in tins, and
is brought into use as a fine powder. To this mixture again is added
a very thin solution of gum arabic and glycerine, the whole thereby
forming a syrup, which is then placed in tins corresponding to the length
and breadth of the paper. Every sheet of paper is then dipped in
this fluid, and after 10 minutes taken out singly, allowed to run, dried
and pressed. The paper which is to be used for this purpose must be
thick and without glue.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF RAISING AND LOWERING VENETIAN BLINDS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lawson Boyce at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th February 1868.
I, LAWSON BOYCE, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Venetian Blind Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF RAISING AND LOWERING
VENETIAN BLINDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in an improved arrangement for raising and
lowering Venetian blinds without the ordinary pulleys. The blind is
fixed at the top to a top rail, and the laths held together by tapes or
bands in the usual manner; but for raising and lowering it I employ
a roller and endless band arranged as follows:-One end of the band is
fastened to the roller and coiled round it in one direction, and the other
end of the band is fixed to the roller so that it can coil in the reverse
direction, and to the roller are also fixed the usual tapes for drawing
the laths together and opening them, according to the direction in which
the roller is turned. The endless band is of any convenient length and
passes through a ring of a tassel used as an ornament, and when the

page_text: band is pulled in one direction it turns the roller in a corresponding
direction, winds on the tapes, and raises the blind, and when the band
is pulled in the contrary direction the blind runs down, and in both
cases one end of the endless band is winding on and the other end
running off.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEAD AND WAIST RESTS FOR THE USE OF PHOTOGRAPHERS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Webster and Robert
William Barnes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 11th May 1868.
We, WILLIAM WEBSTER, of Southport, in the County of Lancaster,
Whitesmith, and ROBERT WILLIAM BARNES, of the same Place, Photo-
graphic Artist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HEAD AND WAIST RESTS FOR THE USE OF PHOTOGRAPHERS,"
to be as follows:-
The head and waist rests hitherto used in photographic studios have
been of a cumbrous form, and there has been considerable difficulty in
moving them into position to afford the required support for the person,
indeed the practice has been rather to pose the subject to suit the rest
than otherwise.
The object of our Invention is to provide mechanical rests so con-
structed that they can be easily adapted to the varying requirements
of height and position, and expeditiously brought into place to provide
the necessary support after the desired attitude has been taken. For
this purpose we employ a horizontal bed or carrier of considerable length
and place thereon a sliding block, whereto the rising stem is affixed.

page_text: The said sliding block is caused to traverse on the bed or carrier at will,
a toothed wheel supported by it and provided with an operating handle
geared with a rack formed on the bed or carrier, or a screw passing
through the block, or their mechanical equivalent, being employed
therefor. That part of the rising frame which is affixed to the sliding
block is formed with a groove or recess and a bar or rod of an angular,
vee, or other shape in section is fitted so as to be easily moved up
and down therein, set screws or other holders being employed to secure
it at the required height. At or near the top of the said bar or rod the
caliber supports or rests are attached, and to admit of their being moved
backwards and forwards at a right angle to the length of the bed or
carrier they are borne in a sliding piece, and when desired a hinge or
joint is provided so that they can be moved round sidewards.
Our Invention also consists in affixing the rising stem of head and
waist rests already in use, or of the ordinary construction to the said
sliding block when it is supported on the said bed or carrier, and
operated as described..
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR EVAPORATING AND CONDENSING LIQUIDS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Brookes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th July
1868. A communication from abroad by Thomas Prosser, of the
City of New York, State of New York, United States of America.
I, WILLIAM BROOKES, of 62, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR
EVAPORATING AND CONDENSING LIQUIDS," communicated to me from abroad
by Thomas Prosser, of the City of New York, State of New York, United
States of America, to be as follows:-
The object of the improvements is to facilitate the evaporation and
condensation of liquids.
But that the Invention may be better understood I will, by the aid of
the accompanying Drawing, explain an arrangement of apparatus as
communicated to me for effecting the improvements.
Steam, hot water, or it may be air or gas is conducted by a passage a
into the annular chamber 6, thence into a chamber A, which may be
called the desiccator, from which it passes into the annular chamber 6',
and thence to what may be called the vaporizer B, from which it passes

page_text: into the annular space 68, from which it may pass back or away by the
passage a¹. The chambers A, B, b, 61, 6%, are enclosed within another
vessel or receiver C adapted to contain sufficient water or other liquid to
immerse or partially immerse these chambers. The passage of the
heating medium through the above chambers tends to vaporize the
liquid in the receiver C, and this vapour thence passes into and down the
pipe c into the chamber D, which may be called the condensor, from
which it descends into the refrigerator E to escape at 6 by the pipe d
through the valve e, when the liquid in the refrigerator E rises high
enough to lift the float e¹ and open the valve e. In like manner the
height of the liquid in the receiver C is regulated by the float g' lifting the
valve g for the escape of the fluid from the receiver C by the passage j
when it has risen sufficiently high. f is a supply passage. The upper
and lower parts of the respective float and valve chambers are in com-
munication with the chambers C, D, and E by the passages h and h¹
k and d.
The improvements are applicable not only generally to facilitate
evaporation and condensation, but are particularly applicable to the
production of fresh from salt water, also to recuperate water from surface
condensors and the making of sugar and salt in vacuum.