IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE LAMPS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Isaiah Williams, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Merchant, for the Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE
LAMPS." A communication from abroad by James Alfred Roberts, of Sydney,
New South Wales, Ironmonger and Merchant.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Isaiah Williams at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th October 1878.
ISAIAH WILLIAMS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Merchant. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE LAMPS." [A communication from abroad by James Alfred
Roberts, of Sydney, New South Wales, Ironmonger and Merchant.]
The said Invention consists, first, of the following improvement in the candle
tubes of carriage lamps, whereby the introduction of the candle into and its removal
from the candle tube is much facilitated.
On the head of the candle tube, within the lamp, a collar or flange is made, and
to the back of the said collar or flange a nozzle or cone is hinged, the said nozzle or
cone being perforated at its middle for the passage through it of the wick of the
candle. At the opposite side of the nozzle or cone to that at which it is hinged to
the candle tube is a screwed lip, into which a binding screw takes; and in the
collar or flange on the candle tube, and opposite the said binding screw when the
cone or nozzle is shut down, is a hole for the end of the binding screw to enter.
After the candle has been introduced into the candle tube, in order to secure the
candle therein it is only necessary to shut down the hinged cone or nozzle upon
the collar or flange of the candle tube and screw home the binding screw so as to
cause the latter to take into the hole in the collar or flange described. The hinged
cone or nozzle is thereby fixed down, and the candle is held securely in the candle
tube.
In order to remove the candle from the candle tube the binding screw described
is turned so as to withdraw its end from the hole in the collar, when the cone or

page_text: nozzle is unfastened and may be turned back on its hinge to open the candle tube
for the removal of the candle.
Instead of fixing down the hinged cone or nozzle by the binding screw described,
a spring snap fastening or other analogous fastening may be used for the same
purpose.
The said Invention consists, further, of the following improvements in the
reflecting surface of carriage lamps:
Instead of making the side reflecting surface in the interior of the lamp flat as
usual, the said side reflecting surface is made of a series of tapering angular corru-
gations, the surface of the reflector having the figure produced by a series of
tapering triangular prisms placed edge to edge. The said tapering corrugations
are narrowest at the back of the lamp, and gradually increase in width as they
approach the front of the lamp. The reflector at the back of the lamp is also
made with angular tapering reflecting corrugations of the kind described with
respect to the side reflecting surface, but the corrugations of the back reflector are
arranged radially, the corrugations tapering from the circumference of the reflector
to its centre.
By making the reflecting surfaces in the way described the dispersion of the
light from the candle is effected more uniformly than when reflecting surfaces of tho
ordinary kind are used.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Isaiah Williams in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 4th April
1879.
"IM-
ISAIAH WILLIAMS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Merchant.
PROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE LAMPS." A communication from abroad by James Alfred
Roberts, of Sydney, New South Wales, Ironmonger and Merchant.
a
The said Invention consists, first, of the following improvement in the candle
tubes of carriage lamps, whereby the introduction of the candle into and its removal
from the candle tube is much facilitated:-On the head of the candle tube, within
the lamp, a collar or flange is made, and to the back of the said collar or flange
nozzle or cone is hinged, the said nozzle or cone being perforated at its middle for
the passage through it of the wick of the candle. At the opposite side of the nozzle
or cone to that at which it is hinged to the candle tube is a screwed lip, into which
a binding screw takes; and below the collar or flango on the candle tube, and
opposite the said binding screw when the cone or nozzle is shut down, is a hole for
the end of the binding screw to enter. After the candle has been introduced into
the candle tube, in order to secure the candle therein it is only necessary to shut
down the hinged cone or nozzle upon the collar or flange of the candle tube and
screw home the binding screw so as to cause the latter to take into the hole below
the collar or flange described. The hinged cone or nozzle is thereby fixed down,
and the candle is held securely in the candle tube. In order to remove the candle
from the candle tube the binding screw described is turned so as to withdraw
its end from the hole in the candle tube, when the cone or nozzle is unfastened and
may be turned back on its hinge to open the candle tube for the removal of the
candle.

page_text: Instead of fixing down the hinged cone or nozzle by the binding screw described,
a spring snap fastening or other analogous fastening may be used for the same
purpose.
The said Invention consists, further, of the following improvements in the
reflecting surfaces of the carriage lamps:
:-
Instead of making the side reflecting surface in the interior of the lamp flat as
usual, the said side reflecting. surface is made of a series of tapering angular corru-
gations, the surface of the reflector having the figure produced by a series of
tapering triangular prisms placed edge to edge. The said tapering corrugations are
narrowest at the back of the lamp, and gradually increase in width as they approach
the front of the lamp. The reflector at the back of the lamp is also made with
angular tapering reflecting corrugations of the kind described with respect to the
side reflecting surface, but the corrugations of the back reflector are arranged
radially, the corrugations tapering from the circumference of the reflector to its
centre.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawing the
manner in which the said Invention may be performed.
Figures 1 and 2 represent in perspective, drawn to about half scale, carriage
lamps provided with candle tubes and reflecting surfaces made according to this
Invention; Figures 3 and 4 represent vertical sections of the upper part of the
candle tube of the lamp, drawn of the full size, the nozzle or cone being repre-
sented shut down in Figure 3 and raised in Figure 4; Figure 5 is a plan of
Figure 4.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in the several Figures of the
Drawing.
a is the candle tube, on the head of which is a collar or flange b, to which the
nozzle or cone c is hinged at d. The said hinged nozzle or cone c is perforated at
its middle for the passage through it of the wick of the candle. e is a lip on the
front of the nozzle or cone c, which lip when the nozzle is shut down projects
beyond the collar or flange d. The said lip has a screwed hole in it, in which
the binding screw f works. In the candle tube is a hole g for receiving the
end of the binding screw f. When it is wished to introduce the candle into or with-
draw it from the candle tube a, the binding screw f is turned so as to withdraw
its end from the hole g in the candle tube. The nozzle c is thereby released, and
may be turned on its hinge & so as to open the candle tube, as represented in
Figure 4, and the candle may be placed in the candle tube. After the candle has
been introduced into the candle tube it is only necessary to shut down the hinged
nozzle c upon the collar or flange band screw home the binding screw f, as illus.
trated in Figure 3, when the hinged nozzle c is fixed in its place, and the candle
is secured in the candle tube. A spring snap fastening or other analogous fastening
may be used for fastening down the hinged nozzle c in place of the binding
screw f.
The reflecting surface of the interior of the side of the lamp, represented in
Figure 1, consists of a series of tapering angular corrugations marked h, h, the
surface of the reflector having the figure produced by a series of tapering triangular
prisms placed edge to edge, as will be understood by an examination of the front
end of the side reflecting surface in Figure 1. The tapering angular corrugations
h, h, are narrowest at the back of the lamp, and gradually increase in width as they
approach the front of the lamp, as shown in the Drawing. The back reflecting
surface i of the lamp and the reflector k at the back of the lamp are also made with
angular tapering corrugations, the said corrugations of the parts i and k being
arranged radially, as represented in the Drawing.
Instead of making the corrugating reflecting surface of the lamp of the angular
or prism-like form represented in Figure 1, the corrugated reflecting surface of the
lamp may be made of a series of curved concave flutes or corrugations with like
effect.
This construction of reflecting surface is represented in Figure 2 applied to a

page_text: lamp having a cylindrical body and an open front. In the said Figure 2 the curved,
concave, corrugated, or fluted reflecting surfaces are marked l, l, and m, m. The
reflecting surfaces 1, 1, of the cylindrical body of the lamp is conical, and the flutes
or corrugations taper from front to back, as represented. The reflecting surface m
at the back of the lamp is made of a series of curved concave tapering flutes or
corrugations arranged radially around the centre of the reflecting surface, as repre-
sented.
The angular and curved corrugated or fluted reflecting surfaces may be applied to
all kinds of carriage lamps.
By making the reflecting surfaces of carriage lamps as described and illustrated,
the dispersion of the light from the candle is effected more uniformly than when
reflecting surfaces of the ordinary kind are used.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I claim as the said
Invention,―
First. The improvement in the candle tubes of carriage lamps herein-before
described and illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of the accompanying Drawing,
that is to say, hinging the nozzle or cone to the head of the candle tube so that the
latter may be opened when required to introduce or remove the candle by turning
back the said hinged nozzle or cone, the fixing down of the hinged nozzle or cone
being effected either by a binding screw or by a spring snap fastening or other
analogous fastening, as described.
Secondly. The improvements in the reflecting surfaces of carriage lamps herein-
before described, and illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawing,
that is to say, making the reflecting surfaces of the said lamps of a series of tapering
angular corrugations or flutes, or of a series of tapering curved concave corrugations
or flutes, arranged in the side or interior and back of the lamp, substantially as
described and illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Isaiah Williams, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Third day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-nine.
Witness,
FRANK WOLVERSON,
Birmingham.
ISAIAH WILLIAMS. (L.S.)